cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Direct measurement of photoinduced transient conducting state in multilayer 2H-MoTe2
Creators: name: Zhou, XinYu
name: Wang, H
name: Liu, Q M
name: Zhang, S J
name: Xu, S X
name: Wu, Q
name: Li, R S
name: Yue, L
name: Hu, T C
name: Yuan, J Y
name: Han, S S
name: Dong, T
name: Wu, D
name: Wang, N L
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrafast light-matter interaction has emerged as a powerful tool to control and probe the macroscopic properties of functional materials, especially two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides which can form different structural phases with distinct physical properties. However, it is often difficult to accurately determine the transient optical constants. In this work, we developed a near-infrared pump - terahertz to midinfrared (12-22 THz) probe system in transmission geometry to measure the transient optical conductivity in 2H-MoTe2 layered material. By performing separate measurements on bulk and thin-film samples, we are able to overcome issues related to nonuniform substrate thickness and penetration depth mismatch and to extract the transient optical constants reliably. Our results show that photoexcitation at 690 nm induces a transient insulator-metal transition, while photoexcitation at 2 um has a much smaller effect due to the photon energy being smaller than the band gap of the material. Combining this with a single-color pump-probe measurement, we show that the transient response evolves towards 1T' phase at higher flunece. Our work provides a comprehensive understanding of the photoinduced phase transition in the 2H-MoTe2 system.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures
Weighted least squares estimation for the subcritical Heston process
Creators: name: de Chaumaray, Marie du Roy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We simultaneously estimate the four parameters of a subcritical Heston process. We do not restrict ourself to the case where the stochastic volatility process never reaches zero. In order to avoid the use of unmanageable stopping times and natural but intractable estimator, we propose to make use of a weighted least squares estimator. We establish strong consistency and asymptotic normality for this estimator. Numerical simulations are also provided, illustrating the good performances of our estimation procedure.
The Role of the Private Sector in Refugee Resettlement
Creators: name: Steiner, Elsa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: There are more refugees in the world right now than at any point in history. Traditionally, the U.S. State Department and non-governmental organizations have partnered to facilitate the US Refugee Resettlement Program, but the program is limited by resources, political pressure and a lack of political will. In light of the growing scale of the refugee crisis, the Obama administration encouraged the private sector to become more involved in providing services and aid to refugees during the summer of 2016. This qualitative study explores what role the private sector should play to meet the rising demand for refugee services. The data is comprised of 25 semi-structured interviews with refugees in Europe and the United States, academics, government employees, and employees from local and national resettlement agencies. The two types of private sector engagement that emerge in this study are corporate sector engagement and civic engagement from private citizens and communities. An unexpected trend emerged during the interview process: co-sponsorship models that pair volunteers with newly arrived refugees are more impactful and sustainable for both the refugee program and refugees themselves than corporate sector engagement. While my interview data suggests that the corporate sector still has the ability to meaningfully engage with refugee issues and support the work that the humanitarian field is doing, the findings of this study show that the most promising form of private sector engagement is utilizing the resources and political advocacy power of private citizens. The long-term policy implications of this study are that the federal government should provide refugee resettlement agencies with funding to establish co-sponsorship programs. Given that this is unlikely to occur in the current political environment, local and national resettlement agencies should collaborate to establish and systematically evaluate co-sponsorship programs in order to persuade the federal government to provide funding for these programs in the future.
Mouse Gut Microbiome-Encoded β-Glucuronidases Identified using MAPS, Metagenome Analysis by Protein Structure
Creators: name: Creekmore, Benjamin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Gut microbial β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes play important roles in drug efficacy and toxicity, intestinal carcinogenesis, and mammalian-microbial symbiosis. In 2017, a catalog of gut microbiome-encoded GUS enzymes was described for the Human Microbiome Project stool sample database, revealing 279 unique GUS proteins that were organized into six categories based on active site structural features. Mice are a critical model organism used to steady health and disease, thus we sought to provide an analogous catalog of mouse intestinal microbial GUS proteins – a mouse gut GUSome. Using metagenome analysis by protein structure (MAPS), we examined the ~2.5 million unique proteins from a comprehensive mouse gut metagenome created using several mouse strains, providers, housing locations, and diets. From these data we found 338 unique GUS proteins and characterized the proteins into six categories similar to the human GUSome. GUS enzymes were encoded by the major gut microbial phyla, including Firmicutes (67%), Bacteroidetes (24%), and nearly 9% for which taxonomy could not be assigned. No differences in gut microbial gus gene composition were observed for mice based on location or housing provider. However, mouse of the Swiss-Webster strain exhibited a different phylogeny of gut microbes encoding gus genes and distinct fractions of GUS proteins based on active-site features compared to the seven other strains examined. Additionally, mouse in a low-fat diet maintained gut microbes that encoded 22 additional GUS proteins, not found in mice on a high-fat diet. Biochemical analysis of a low-fat unique GUS enzyme revealed its capability of processing both sulfate and non-sulfated heparin sulfate nonasaccharides containing terminal glucuronides. Our results show GUS in mice and humans differ at the individual protein level and that gus gene composition in the murine GI tract differ in mice on low fat vs. high fat diets. These data provide a basis for understanding the gut microbial GUS enzymes present in laboratory mice commonly used as organisms to model mammalian health and disease.
Identification of excitons, trions and biexcitons in single-layer WS2
Creators: name: Plechinger, Gerd
name: Nagler, Philipp
name: Kraus, Julia
name: Paradiso, Nicola
name: Strunk, Christoph
name: Schüller, Christian
name: Korn, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-layer WS$_2$ is a direct-gap semiconductor showing strong excitonic photoluminescence features in the visible spectral range. Here, we present temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements on mechanically exfoliated single-layer WS$_2$, revealing the existence of neutral and charged excitons at low temperatures as well as at room temperature. By applying a gate voltage, we can electrically control the ratio of excitons and trions and assert a residual n-type doping of our samples. At high excitation densities and low temperatures, an additional peak at energies below the trion dominates the photoluminescence, which we identify as biexciton emission.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Failure of hydrogenation in protecting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from fragmentation
Creators: name: Gatchell, Michael
name: Stockett, Mark H.
name: de Ruette, Nathalie
name: Chen, Tao
name: Giacomozzi, Linda
name: Nascimento, Rodrigo F.
name: Wolf, Michael
name: Anderson, Emma K.
name: Delaunay, Rudy
name: Viziano, Violaine
name: Rousseau, Patrick
name: Adoui, Lamri
name: Huber, Bernd A.
name: Schmidt, Henning T.
name: Zettergren, Henning
name: Cederquist, Henrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent study of soft X-ray absorption in native and hydrogenated coronene cations, C$_{24}$H$_{12+m}^+$ $m=0-7$, led to the conclusion that additional hydrogen atoms protect (interstellar) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules from fragmentation [Reitsma et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 053002 (2014)]. The present experiment with collisions between fast (30-200 eV) He atoms and pyrene (C$_{16}$H$_{10+m}^+$, $m=0$, 6, and 16) and simulations without reference to the excitation method suggests the opposite. We find that the absolute carbon-backbone fragmentation cross section does not decrease but increases with the degree of hydrogenation for pyrene molecules.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
SememeASR: Boosting Performance of End-to-End Speech Recognition against Domain and Long-Tailed Data Shift with Sememe Semantic Knowledge
Creators: name: Zhu, Jiaxu
name: Song, Changhe
name: Wu, Zhiyong
name: Meng, Helen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Recently, excellent progress has been made in speech recognition. However, pure data-driven approaches have struggled to solve the problem in domain-mismatch and long-tailed data. Considering that knowledge-driven approaches can help data-driven approaches alleviate their flaws, we introduce sememe-based semantic knowledge information to speech recognition (SememeASR). Sememe, according to the linguistic definition, is the minimum semantic unit in a language and is able to represent the implicit semantic information behind each word very well. Our experiments show that the introduction of sememe information can improve the effectiveness of speech recognition. In addition, our further experiments show that sememe knowledge can improve the model's recognition of long-tailed data and enhance the model's domain generalization ability.
description: Proceedings of Interspeech
Identifying new phosphorylation substrates of a viral protein kinase encoded by Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
Creators: name: DiDonato, Sydney
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), is the infectious cause of three types of human cancer: Kaposi’s sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman’s disease. To aid in viral replication, KSHV encodes a viral serine/threonine protein kinase (vPK), a protein that plays a role in the production of infectious KSHV virions. The vPK protein alters the phosphorylation of several cellular substrates, leading to the augmentation of protein synthesis and the multiplication of virally infected cells. While current research shows that vPK can mimic some cellular kinases to phosphorylate approximately ten different cellular substrates, there are likely more substrates for vPK than what is currently known. This project aimed to confirm two new phosphorylation substrates, nucleophosmin (NPM1) and human antigen R (HUR), which were identified by high-throughput phosphoproteomics. Immunoblotting revealed overall protein levels of NPM1 and HUR did not change in the presence or absence of vPK.  Additionally, no apparent effect on the phosphorylation of NPM1 by vPK was observed. These results indicate that vPK may not be affecting the phosphorylation of NPM1. Detection of HUR phosphorylation is still being optimized and it has yet to be determined whether HUR phosphorylation levels are affected in the presence of vPK. The identification of new phosphorylation substrates of vPK, such as NPM1 and HUR, has the potential for the development of new treatments for KSHV-related cancers by targeting vPK kinase activity.
Theory of Entropy Production in Quantum Many-Body Systems
Creators: name: Solano-Carrillo, E.
name: Millis, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define the entropy operator as the negative of the logarithm of the density matrix, give a prescription for extracting its thermodynamically measurable part, and discuss its dynamics. For an isolated system we derive the first, second and third laws of thermodynamics. For weakly-coupled subsystems of an isolated system, an expression for the long time limit of the expectation value of the rate of change of the thermodynamically measurable part of the entropy operator is derived and interpreted in terms of entropy production and entropy transport terms. The interpretation is justified by comparison to the known expression for the entropy production in an aged classical Markovian system with Gaussian fluctuations and by a calculation of the current-induced entropy production in a conductor with electron-phonon scattering.
description: 13 pages, revised and expanded as published
Spontaneous Baryogenesis from Asymmetric Inflaton
Creators: name: Takahashi, Fuminobu
name: Yamada, Masaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a variant scenario of spontaneous baryogenesis from asymmetric inflaton based on current-current interactions between the inflaton and matter fields with a non-zero B-L charge. When the inflaton starts to oscillate around the minimum after inflation, it may lead to excitation of a CP-odd component, which induces an effective chemical potential for the B-L number through the current-current interactions. We study concrete inflation models and show that the spontaneous baryogenesis scenario can be naturally implemented in the chaotic inflation in supergravity.
description: 6 pages
The Low-Energy Quadrupole Mode of Nuclei
Creators: name: Frauendorf, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phenomenological classification of collective quadrupole excitations by means of the Bohr Hamiltonian is reviewed with focus on signatures for triaxility. The variants of the microscopic Bohr Hamiltonian derived by means of the Adiabatic Time Dependent Mean Field theory from the Pairing plus Quadrupole-Quadrupole interaction, the Shell Correction Method, the Skyrme Energy Density Functional, the Relativistic Mean Field Theory, and the Gogny interaction are discussed and applications to concrete nuclides reviewed. The Generator Coordinate Method for the five dimensional quadrupole deformation space and first applications to triaxial nuclei are presented. The phenomenological classification in the framework of the Interacting Boson Model is discussed with a critical view on the boson number counting rule. The recent success in calculating the model parameters by mapping the mean field deformation energy surface on the bosonic one is discussed and the applications listed. A critical assessment of the models is given with focus on the limitations due to the adiabatic approximation. The Tidal Wave approach and the Triaxial Projected Shell Model are presented as practical approaches to calculate spectral properties outside the adiabatic region.
Validation of spatiotemporal image correlation spectroscopy (STICS) for the measurement of diffusion
Creators: name: Haravu, Pranav
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Understanding of chemical mechanisms on an intracellular level is steadily
growing and extensively studied. However, our understanding of the physical bases for
these processes is comparatively lacking. Current limitations on measuring fundamental
intranuclear mechanical properties have stifled necessary new perspectives on
intranuclear mechanics. Here we build on the Wiseman group’s novel development of
spatiotemporal image correlation spectroscopy (STICS) to measure diffusion, and then
attempt to validate it with simulated and experimental datasets. STICS, unlike current
methods of diffusion measurement, such as image mean square displacement (iMSD),
does not require the ability to track distinct particles. Expected diffusion coefficients, D,
in simulated datasets were calculated using the Stokes-Einstein relation, which relates the
diffusive properties of particles moving in fluids as D = k[B]T/6πηr. For experimental bead
diffusion datasets expected D values were measured using iMSD. We observe that in
simulated datasets STICS is able to measure a linear relationship between 1/D and the
viscosity, η, as expected by Stokes-Einstein. We also see that STICS has a high
precision, as D measured from subsamples of a given video have an average standard
deviation of 3.23×10[−14]m2/s . However, in both simulated and experimental datasets the
measured D value, denoted D[S], differs from the expected D by a calibration factor
D = βD[S] that appears to depend on particle density, but could also depend on signal
intensity, bleaching rates, and/or imaging plane thickness. Future work will be aimed at
characterizing β and thus essentially calibrating STICS, since at present this variability
makes it impractical to measure diffusion using STICS.
Predictions of the Higgs mass and the weak mixing angle in the 6D gauge-Higgs unification
Creators: name: Hasegawa, K.
name: Lim, C. S.
name: Maru, Nobuhito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the gauge-Higgs unification with multiple extra spaces, the Higgs self-coupling is of the order of $g^2$ and Higgs is predicted to be light, being consistent with the LHC results. When the gauge group is simple, the weak mixing angle is also predictable. We address a question whether there exists a model of gauge-Higgs unification in 6-dimensional space-time, which successfully predicts the mass ratios of the Higgs boson and weak gauge bosons. First, by use of a useful formula we give a general argument on the condition to get a realistic prediction of the weak mixing angle $sin^{2}theta_{W} = 1/4$, and find that triplet and sextet representations of the minimal SU(3) gauge group lead to the realistic prediction. Concerning the Higgs mass, we notice that in the models with one Higgs doublet, the predicted Higgs mass is always the same: $M_H = 2 M_W$. However, by extending our discussion to the models with two Higgs doublets, the situation changes: we obtain an interesting prediction $M_{H} leq 2M_{W}$ at the leading order of the perturbation. Thus it is possible to recover the observed Higgs mass, 125 GeV, for a suitable choice of the parameter. The situation is in clear contrast to the case of the minimal supersymmetric standard model, where $M_{H} leq M_{Z}$ at the classical level and the predicted Higgs mass cannot recover the observed value.
description: 24 pages, the words of Weinberg angle in the text are replaced by the weak mixing angle, final version published in JPSJ
Rural Health: Annotated List of Selected References
Creators: name: Johnston, Helen L.
name: Manny, Elsie S.
name: Johnston, Helen L.
name: Manny, Elsie S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1953
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Health Economics and Policy

description: Excerpts from the Preface: A list of all the publications on rural health--even if limited to the last 10 years—would fill a large volume. In compiling this list, a rather intensive effort was made to bring together significant material published since 1945. The list brings together references to articles, research bulletins, books, and pamphlets from widely scattered sources, not before readily accessible in one place. The first two major sections include mainly general references and special studies of rural health status, health resources, and official and voluntary health programs on a National, regional, State, or local basis. The third section emphasizes approaches to rural health problems. It includes fewer scholarly reports and many more popular articles describing specific community techniques or activities.
description: United States Department of Agriculture - Bureau of Agricultural Economics in cooperation with United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare – Public Health Service.
Towards $21$-cm intensity mapping at $z=2.28$ with uGMRT using the tapered gridded estimator III: Foreground removal
Creators: name: Elahi, Khandakar Md Asif
name: Bharadwaj, Somnath
name: Pal, Srijita
name: Ghosh, Abhik
name: Ali, Sk. Saiyad
name: Choudhuri, Samir
name: Chakraborty, Arnab
name: Datta, Abhirup
name: Roy, Nirupam
name: Choudhury, Madhurima
name: Dutta, Prasun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutral hydrogen (HI) $21$-cm intensity mapping (IM) is a promising probe of the large-scale structures in the Universe. However, a few orders of magnitude brighter foregrounds obscure the IM signal. Here we use the Tapered Gridded Estimator (TGE) to estimate the multi-frequency angular power spectrum (MAPS) $C_{\ell}(Δν)$ from a $24.4\,\rm{MHz}$ bandwidth uGMRT Band $3$ data at $432.8\,\rm{MHz}$. In $C_{\ell}(Δν)$ foregrounds remain correlated across the entire $Δν$ range, whereas the $21$-cm signal is localized within $Δν\le[Δν]$ (typically $0.5-1\,\rm{MHz}$). Assuming the range $Δν>[Δν]$ to have minimal $21$-cm signal, we use $C_{\ell}(Δν)$ in this range to model the foregrounds. This foreground model is extrapolated to $Δν\leq[Δν]$, and subtracted from the measured $C_{\ell}(Δν)$. The residual $[C_{\ell}(Δν)]_{\rm res}$ in the range $Δν\le[Δν]$ is used to constrain the $21$-cm signal, compensating for the signal loss from foreground subtraction. $[C_{\ell}(Δν)]_{\rm{res}}$ is found to be noise-dominated without any trace of foregrounds. Using $[C_{\ell}(Δν)]_{\rm res}$ we constrain the $21$-cm brightness temperature fluctuations $Δ^2(k)$, and obtain the $2σ$ upper limit $Δ_{\rm UL}^2(k)\leq(18.07)^2\,\rm{mK^2}$ at $k=0.247\,\rm{Mpc}^{-1}$. We further obtain the $2σ$ upper limit $ [Ω_{\rm HI}b_{\rm HI}]_{\rm UL}\leq0.022$ where $Ω_{\rm HI}$ and $b_{\rm HI}$ are the comoving HI density and bias parameters respectively. Although the upper limit is nearly $10$ times larger than the expected $21$-cm signal, it is $3$ times tighter over previous works using foreground avoidance on the same data.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 16 pages (including Appendix), 8 figures (plus 8 in Appendix), 5 Tables. In version 2, the HI symbol is changed in the arxiv abstract; there are no changes in the manuscript
Band gap anomaly and topological properties in lead chalcogenides
Creators: name: Nie, Simin
name: Xu, Xiao Yan
name: Xu, Gang
name: Fang, Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Band gap anomaly is a well-known issue in lead chalcogenides PbX (X=S, Se, Te, Po). Combining ab initio calculations and tight-binding (TB) method, we have studied the band evolution in PbX, and found that the band gap anomaly in PbTe is mainly related to the high onsite energy of Te 5s orbital and the large s-p hopping originated from the irregular extended distribution of Te 5s electrons. Furthermore, our calculations show that PbPo is an indirect band gap (6.5 meV) semiconductor with band inversion at L point, which clearly indicates that PbPo is a topological crystalline insulator (TCI). The calculated mirror Chern number and surface states double confirm this conclusion.
description: 7 pages and 4 figures
Text-Only Domain Adaptation for End-to-End Speech Recognition through Down-Sampling Acoustic Representation
Creators: name: Zhu, Jiaxu
name: Tong, Weinan
name: Xu, Yaoxun
name: Song, Changhe
name: Wu, Zhiyong
name: You, Zhao
name: Su, Dan
name: Yu, Dong
name: Meng, Helen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Mapping two modalities, speech and text, into a shared representation space, is a research topic of using text-only data to improve end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) performance in new domains. However, the length of speech representation and text representation is inconsistent. Although the previous method up-samples the text representation to align with acoustic modality, it may not match the expected actual duration. In this paper, we proposed novel representations match strategy through down-sampling acoustic representation to align with text modality. By introducing a continuous integrate-and-fire (CIF) module generating acoustic representations consistent with token length, our ASR model can learn unified representations from both modalities better, allowing for domain adaptation using text-only data of the target domain. Experiment results of new domain data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
description: Proceedings of Interspeech. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2309.01437
High-energy solar particle events in cycle 24
Creators: name: Gopalswamy, Nat
name: Makela, Pertti
name: Yashiro, Seiji
name: Xie, Hong
name: Akiyama, Sachiko
name: Thakur, Neeharika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Sun is already in the declining phase of cycle 24, but the paucity of high-energy solar energetic particle (SEP) events continues with only two ground level enhancement (GLE) events as of March 31, 2015. In an attempt to understand this, we considered all the large SEP events of cycle 24 that occurred until the end of 2014. We compared the properties of the associated CMEs with those in cycle 23. We found that the CME speeds in the sky plane were similar, but almost all those cycle-24 CMEs were halos. A significant fraction of (16%) of the frontside SEP events were associated with eruptive prominence events. CMEs associated with filament eruption events accelerate slowly and attain peak speeds beyond the typical GLE release heights. When we considered only western hemispheric events that had good connectivity to the CME nose, there were only 8 events that could be considered as GLE candidates. One turned out to be the first GLE event of cycle 24 (2012 May 17). In two events, the CMEs were very fast (>2000 km/s) but they were launched into a tenuous medium (high Alfven speed). In the remaining five events, the speeds were well below the typical GLE CME speed (~2000 km/s). Furthermore, the CMEs attained their peak speeds beyond the typical heights where GLE particles are released. We conclude that several factors contribute to the low rate of high-energy SEP events in cycle 24: (i) reduced efficiency of shock acceleration (weak heliospheric magnetic field), (ii) poor latitudinal and longitudinal connectivity), and (iii) variation in local ambient conditions (e.g., high Alfven speed).
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables,presented at the 14th International Astrophysics Conference held in Tampa, FL during April 24-29, 2015. Accepted for publication in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS). edited by G. Zank
Facilitating use of Generalist Repositories to Share and Discover Data - A Workshop by the NIH Generalist Repository Ecosystem Initiative repositories
Creators: name: Goldman, Julie
name: Scherer, David
name: Van Gulick, Ana
name: Mckenna-Foster, Andrew
name: Lippincott, Sarah
name: Gueguen, Gretchen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: data sharing
open data
NIH data
open access
open science
data repository
generalist repository
data management and sharing
data discovery
data reuse

description: Workshop presented at the Research Data Access and Preservation (RDAP) Virtual Summit 2023 on March 27, 2023. Summary: The NIH Generalist Repository Ecosystem Initiative (GREI), led by the NIH Office of Data Science Strategy, launched in 2022 with the goal of bringing together 7 generalist repositories to collaborate on enhancing support for NIH data sharing use cases including implementing common metrics and metadata, “coopetition”, and collaborative training and outreach. This workshop will present the GREI mission and goals and introduce the 7 generalist repositories participating in GREI and their common and unique features (Dataverse, Dryad, Figshare, Mendeley Data, OSF, Vivli, Zenodo), offer hands-on training and guidance on supporting researchers in using generalist repositories for data sharing including listing generalist repositories as part of data management and sharing plans, use cases supported by specific generalist repositories, and recommended practices for data sharing in generalist repositories. The session will also provide guidance on searching for data across generalist repositories and tracking open data impact and compliance with funder policies. Importantly, this session will also be an opportunity for GREI to gather feedback from the data librarian community on the needs and use cases for generalist repositories to inform future GREI work.
The Least of These: Exploring the Impact of Religious Beliefs on Viewpoints of Economic Inequality
Creators: name: Phipps, Catherine
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: This honors thesis addresses the importance of understanding how religious beliefs, specifically within Christian denominations, impact/affect perceptions of economic inequality. Religion is an important and pervasive force for understanding how people view economic inequality and has traditionally been painted as a conservative force in regards to responses to economic inequality. However, three prominent theologians, Sider, Chilton, and Keller, highlight/encapsulate a lack of consensus on the effect of religion on beliefs about inequality, which poses a question regarding the role of religion in shaping beliefs about inequality.
The majority of sociological literature regarding the connection between religion and viewpoints of inequality focuses on demographic characteristics and measuring generosity as indicators of attitudes toward inequality via the 1986 GSS (Kluegel and Smith 1986, Will 1993, Pyle 1993, Will and Cochran 1995, Regnerus, Sikkink, and Smith 1998, Clydesdale 1999, Robinson 2009).  However, quantitative research on demographic factors and measures of generosity has proven to be insufficient to explain the impact of religious beliefs on viewpoints of inequality. Therefore, this study, through a series of in-depth, semi-structured interviews with pastors from the Durham- Chapel Hill area, seeks to more closely examine the impact that Christian beliefs have on views of economic inequality.  The results from these interviews indicate that religious beliefs act as a non-conservative force due to an emphasis on the Bible as the foundational framework through which they view inequality, the belief that Christians are specifically called to fight inequality, as well as an obligation to adopt the heart of God in regards to the poor.
Discontinuity of Lyapunov Exponents Near Fiber Bunched Cocycles
Creators: name: Butler, Clark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give examples of locally constant $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$-cocycles over a Bernoulli shift which are discontinuity points for Lyapunov exponents in the Hölder topology and are arbitrarily close to satisfying the fiber bunching inequality. Backes, Brown, and the author have shown that the Lyapunov exponents vary continuously when restricted to the space of fiber bunched Hölder continuous cocycles. Our examples give evidence that this theorem is optimal within certain families of Hölder cocycles.
description: 16 pages. v2: Modified the abstract. Improved exposition in the introduction. v3: Final arXiv version. Variance calculation at the end has been corrected. Many typos corrected. To appear in Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems
Behavioral characteristics during developmental assessments of preschool children with and without a maternal psychiatric history
Creators: name: Robinson, Hannah J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Objective: The primary aim of this study was to examine behavioral differences at age
four years between child offspring of mothers with a psychiatric diagnosis that included
psychosis and child offspring of mothers who have never received such a diagnosis. Method:
This study involved secondary data analysis of child behavior ratings made for quality control
purposes from observations of video records of individual developmental assessments. In this
thesis, these ratings are used to characterize the children’s behavior directly so as to compare
groups of children with and without possible increased risk of psychiatric disorders due to
genetic history. As part of this thesis, inter-rater reliability across multiple raters was also
established. Results: Independent-samples t-tests were used to compare the data between the two
groups on overall mean ratings, on the seven behavioral dimensions, and the overall average
behavior rating. Compared to the comparison group (C), children at genetic risk for developing a
psychiatric disorder (R) exhibited significantly lower levels of appropriate activity level, focus,
cooperativeness, and persistence during the testing session. Males at genetic risk for developing
a psychiatric disorder exhibited lower levels of all behavioral dimensions when compared to
male comparisons. Similarly, females at genetic risk for developing a psychiatric disorder
exhibited lower levels of appropriate activity level, focus, cooperativeness, persistence, and
enthusiasm compared to comparison females. Limitations: The context for the ratings may not
represent the child’s typical behavior in other contexts. Due to the limited sample size, data from
offspring of mothers with different psychiatric diagnoses were grouped together, and were not
examined separately. Conclusions: Assessment of behavior characteristics may be useful in
characterizing children at genetic risk for developing a psychiatric disorder.
Non-linear Synthesis of Complex Laser Waveforms at Remote Distances
Creators: name: Berti, Nicolas
name: Ettoumi, Wahb
name: Hermelin, Sylvain
name: Kasparian, Jérôme
name: Wolf, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong deformation of ultrashort laser pulse shapes is unavoidable when delivering high intensities at remote distances due to non-linear effects taking place while propagating. Relying on the reversibility of laser filamentation, we propose to explicitly design laser pulse shapes so that propagation serves as a non-linear field synthesizer at a remote target location. Such an approach allows, for instance, coherent control of molecules at a remote distance, in the context of standoff detection of pathogens or explosives.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
Robust Inference: A Price of Misspecification and How to be Resilient
Creators: name: Park, Beomjo
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In statistical inference, it is rarely realistic that the hypothesized statistical model is well-specified to contain the target of inference. This dissertation aims to identify the statistical price of such misspecification on inferential procedures and to seek robust remedies in two focal points: Universal Inference, and Functional Estimation. When the model is misspecified, the natural target of inference is a projection of the data-generating distribution onto the model. The first part of the dissertation presents a general method for constructing a uniformly valid confidence set for the projection under weak assumptions inspired by the universal inference approach. We provide concrete settings in which our methods yield either exact or approximate confidence sets for various projection distributions. We also investigate the rates at which these confidence sets shrink around the target of inference. Another theme of this dissertation is to quantify the statistical price of estimating an integral functional of a density in the presence of contamination. We derive the minimax-optimal rate of estimating quadratic functionals and study to what extent the known structure of the contamination influences the risk. We discuss a general debiasing approach that can be applied when the estimator, based on high-order influence functions, achieves minimax optimality without contamination. In addition, we study adaptive rates to the unknown proportion of contamination and smoothness.
Reeb Dynamics of the Link of the $A_n$ Singularity
Creators: name: Abbrescia, Leonardo Enrique
name: Huq-Kuruvilla, Irit
name: Nelson, Jo
name: Sultani, Nawaz John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The link of the $A_n$ singularity, $L_{A_n} \subset \mathbb{C}^3$ admits a natural contact structure $ξ_0$ coming from the set of complex tangencies. The canonical contact form $α_0$ associated to $ξ_0$ is degenerate and thus has no isolated Reeb orbits. We show that there is a nondegenerate contact form for a contact structure equivalent to $ξ_0$ that has two isolated simple periodic Reeb orbits. We compute the Conley-Zehnder index of these simple orbits and their iterates. From these calculations we compute the positive $S^1$-equivariant symplectic homology groups for $\left(L_{A_n}, ξ_0 \right)$. In addition, we prove that $\left(L_{A_n}, ξ_0 \right)$ is contactomorphic to the Lens space $L(n+1,n)$, equipped with its canonical contact structure $ξ_{std}$.
description: 23 pages, improvements to exposition, this is the final version to appear in Involve
State-to-state rovibrational transition rates for CO2 in the bend mode in collisions with He atoms
Creators: name: Selim, Taha
name: van der Avoird, Ad
name: Groenenboom, Gerrit C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modeling environments that are not in local thermal equilibrium, such as protoplanetary disks or planetary atmospheres, with molecular spectroscopic data from space telescopes requires knowledge of the rate coefficients of rovibrationally inelastic molecular collisions. Here, we present such rate coefficients in a temperature range from 10 to 500 K for collisions of CO$_2$ with He atoms in which CO$_2$ is (de)excited in the bend mode. They are obtained from numerically exact coupled-channel (CC) calculations as well as from calculations with the less demanding coupled-states approximation (CSA) and the vibrational close-coupling rotational infinite-order sudden (VCC-IOS) method. All of the calculations are based on a newly calculated accurate ab initio four-dimensional CO$_2$-He potential surface including the CO$_2$ bend ($ν_2$) mode. We find that the rovibrationally inelastic collision cross sections and rate coefficients from the CSA and VCC-IOS calculations agree to within 50% with the CC results at the rotational state-to-state level, except for the smaller ones and in the low energy resonance region, and to within 20% for the overall vibrational quenching rates except for temperatures below 50 K where resonances provide a substantial contribution. Our CC quenching rates agree with the most recent experimental data within the error bars. We also compared our results with data from Clary et al. calculated in the 1980's with the CSA and VCC-IOS methods and a simple atom-atom model potential based on ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations and found that their cross sections agree fairly well with ours for collision energies above 500 cm$^{-1}$, but that the inclusion of long range attractive dispersion interactions is crucial to obtain reliable cross sections at lower energies and rate coefficients at lower temperatures.
description: The article has been accepted to the Journal of Chemical Physics
Clinical Decision Support and Diabetes: A Case Study in North Carolina
Creators: name: McCauley, Sarah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Research Questions • What main challenges do physicians face when treating patients with type 2 diabetes? • How do human factors contribute to a clinician’s engagement with a clinical decision support tool? • In what ways do technological factors, such as system
architecture, contribute to the use of a clinical decision support system by healthcare
providers? • How does organizational structure and workflow design affect the use of
a CDS? • How and in what ways is situational awareness achieved through the use of clinical decision support?
Does the insulin signalling pathway mediate the relationship between body fatness and prostate cancer? Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: James, Rachel
name: Lewis, Sarah
name: Higgins, Julian
name: Martin, Richard
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Body Fatness, prostate cancer, insulin signalling, mechanistic review, systematic review

description: A protocol for a systematic review looking at the potential mechanistic link of the insulin signalling pathway in the association between body fatness and prostate cancer. The protocol outlines the methodology that will be implemented to investigate such a link.
NMF-based GPU accelerated coronagraphy pipeline
Creators: name: M., Sai Krishanth P.
name: Douglas, Ewan S.
name: Hom, Justin
name: Anche, Ramya M.
name: Debes, John
name: Rebollido, Isabel
name: Ren, Bin B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a generalized Non-negative factorization (NMF)-based data reduction pipeline for circumstellar disk and exoplanet detection. By using an adaptable pre-processing routine that applies algorithmic masks and corrections to improper data, we are able to easily offload the computationally-intensive NMF algorithm to a graphics processing unit (GPU), significantly increasing computational efficiency. NMF has been shown to better preserve disk structural features compared to other post-processing approaches and has demonstrated improvements in the analysis of archival data. The adaptive pre-processing routine of this pipeline, which automatically aligns and applies image corrections to the raw data, is shown to significantly improve chromatic halo suppression. Utilizing HST-STIS and JWST-MIRI coronagraphic datasets, we demonstrate a factor of five increase in real-time computational efficiency by using GPUs to perform NMF compared to using CPUs. Additionally, we demonstrate the usefulness of higher numbers of NMF components with SNR and contrast improvements, which necessitates the use of a more computationally efficient approach for data reduction.
Towards a Digital Twin of Soil-Plant System
Creators: name: Zeng, Yijian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: open data
digital twin
soil-plant system
STEMMUS-SCOPE

description: Climate projections strongly suggest that the 2022 sweltering summer may be a harbinger of the future European climate. Climate extremes (e.g., droughts and heatwaves) jeopardize terrestrial ecosystem carbon sequestration. The construction of an open digital twin of the soil-plant system helps to monitor and predict the impact of extreme events on ecosystem functioning and could be used to recommend measures and policies to increase the resilience of ecosystems to climate-related challenges. A digital twin refers to a highly interconnected workflow, with a data assimilation framework at its core to combine observations and process-based models, meanwhile accompanied by an interactive and configurable platform that allows users to create and evaluate user-specific scenarios for scientific investigation and decision support. Creating an open digital twin means creating a digital twin following Open Science and FAIR principles, both for data and research software. In this contribution, the STEMMUS-SCOPE model was used as an example to develop an open digital twin of the soil-plant system. We suggest our recently developed open digital twin infrastructure could serve as the backbone for an interoperable framework to facilitate the digitalization of other Earth subsystems (e.g., by simply replacing the soil-plant model). In addition, we show how software not designed initially as open can be adopted to create an open digital twin using containers - standardized computational environments that can be shared, reused and that foster reproducibility.
Adaptive Influence Maximization in Dynamic Social Networks
Creators: name: Tong, Guangmo
name: Wu, Weili
name: Tang, Shaojie
name: Du, Ding-Zhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For the purpose of propagating information and ideas through a social network, a seeding strategy aims to find a small set of seed users that are able to maximize the spread of the influence, which is termed as influence maximization problem. Despite a large number of works have studied this problem, the existing seeding strategies are limited to the static social networks. In fact, due to the high speed data transmission and the large population of participants, the diffusion processes in real-world social networks have many aspects of uncertainness. Unfortunately, as shown in the experiments, in such cases the state-of-art seeding strategies are pessimistic as they fails to trace the dynamic changes in a social network. In this paper, we study the strategies selecting seed users in an adaptive manner. We first formally model the Dynamic Independent Cascade model and introduce the concept of adaptive seeding strategy. Then based on the proposed model, we show that a simple greedy adaptive seeding strategy finds an effective solution with a provable performance guarantee. Besides the greedy algorithm an efficient heuristic algorithm is provided in order to meet practical requirements. Extensive experiments have been performed on both the real-world networks and synthetic power-law networks. The results herein demonstrate the superiority of the adaptive seeding strategies to other standard methods.