cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fishing impacts on the trophic functioning of marine ecosystems, a comparative approach using trophodynamic models
Creators: name: Colléter, Mathieu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Faced with the global overexploitation of marine resources and the rapid degradation of ecosystems’ integrity, many states agreed to the principle of an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). In fact, overfishing induces strong decrease of targeted species biomass, which impact predators, their competitors, prey, and ultimately the ecosystems’ trophic networks. Thus, it is an important challenge to understand the trophic functioning of marine ecosystems and the related impacts of fisheries. In this spirit, my thesis was developed to address concerns about the potential impacts of fisheries on the underlying trophic functioning, and to better understand this trophic functioning and its variability through ecosystems. Two well-known trophodynamic models were used : Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) and EcoTroph (ET). First, I developed EcoBase, i.e., an online repository to gather and communicate information from EwE models, which enabled to give a global overview of the applications of the EwE modeling approach. Then, the ET model was corrected and standardized through the creation of a software package in R. A new trophic control, i.e., foraging arena (FA) trophic control, was integrated to study its impacts on trophic flows and fishing effects on aquatic ecosystem trophic networks. I showed that that making ecosystem behavior more realistic by incorporating FA controls into EcoTroph decreased the resistance and the production of modeled ecosystems facing increasing fishing mortality. An analysis of case studies focusing on marine protected areas (MPAs) was then performed using EwE and ET. I analyzed the potential spillover effect from three MPAs, and showed that their potential exports were at the same order of magnitude as the amount of catch that could have been obtained inside the reserve. Finally, a meta-analysis of marine ecosystem trophic functioning was conducted using 127 EwE models, which showed that ecosystem types were distinguished by different biomass trophic spectra and associated trophic indices. These differences were mainly driven by different production, but also kinetic for some ecosystem types. In conclusion, trophodynamic models, as EwE and ET, appeared to be useful tools to better understand the trophic functioning of marine ecosystems, its variability through ecosystems, and the associated impacts of fisheries.
Nonlocal PMD compensation in the transmission of non-stationary streams of polarization entangled photons
Creators: name: Shtaif, Mark
name: Antonelli, Cristian
name: Brodsky, Misha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the feasibility of nonlocally compensating for polarization mode dispersion (PMD), when polarization entangled photons are distributed in fiber-optic channels.We quantify the effectiveness of nonlocal compensation while taking into account the possibility that entanglement is generated through the use of a pulsed optical pump signal.
Tumor microenvironment and the role of artificial intelligence in breast cancer detection and prognosis
Creators: name: Kekana, Mable
name: Malherbe, Kathryn
name: schoor, Albert van
Publisher: name: University of Pretoria
Year: 2022
Subjects: Anatomy

description: Algorithm data training sets. This contributes to a critical knowledge gap has been noted in breast cancer detection, prognosis, and evaluation between tumor microenvironment and associated neoplasm.
I Gotta Represent My Community: Latino Male Faculty, Sports, and the Politics of the “Game”
Creators: name: Carrillo, Juan F.
name: Martinez, Robert R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023

description:
This article examines the role of sport as it pertains to Latino male faculty. Specifically, we offer a contribution to the dearth of scholarship at the intersections of sport and how Latino male faculty make sense of their identities and academic journeys. The use of sport as a reference for understanding Latinx faculty identity is for the most part non-existent within education research that is focused on Latino males. Drawing from this context, we offer this piece as a means by which to examine sport with links to family, community, faculty navigation and resistance skills.
Quantum heat transfer in harmonic chains with self consistent reservoirs: Exact numerical simulations
Creators: name: Bandyopadhyay, Malay
name: Segal, Dvira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a numerical scheme for exactly simulating the heat current behavior in a quantum harmonic chain with self-consistent reservoirs. Numerically-exact results are compared to classical simulations and to the quantum behavior under the linear response approximation. In the classical limit or for small temperature biases our results coincide with previous calculations. At large bias and for low temperatures the quantum dynamics of the system fundamentally differs from the close-to-equilibrium behavior, revealing in particular the effect of thermal rectification for asymmetric chains. Since this effect is absent in the classical analog of our model, we conclude that in the quantum model studied here thermal rectification is a purely quantum phenomenon, rooted in the quantum statistics.
SAFEGARD HER (Press2Safety): A Mobile-Based Safety Solution for Women
Creators: name: Nipunika Chougale, Pranav Shinde, Dr.Mr.P.K. Shinde
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Women’s safety is a growing concern in today’s society, with rising incidents of harassment and violence.SAFEGARD HER (Press2Safety) is a mobile application designed to provide an effective safetymechanism by integrating real-time location tracking, emergency alerts, user authentication, and voicerecording. Developed using Flutter and Firebase, the application ensures a secure and user-friendlyinterface. This paper discusses the system architecture, functionalities, and implementation of theproposed solution. The study highlights the importance of mobile-based safety applications in ensuringwomen’s security in emergency situations.
Conceptual aspects for the improvement of the reconstruction of $b$- and $c$-jets at $e^{+}e^{-}$ Higgs Factories with ParticleFlow detectors
Creators: name: Radkhorrami, Yasser
name: List, Jenny
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: electron positron: annihilation
electron positron: colliding beams
Higgs particle: decay modes
Higgs particle: hadronic decay
Higgs particle: mass
neutrino: momentum
kinematics: constraint
jet: bottom
jet: charm
bottom: particle identification
charm: particle identification
initial state
semileptonic decay
missing-energy
performance
resolution
ILD detector
linear collider
Higgs-factory
proposed experiment
numerical calculations: Monte Carlo

description: The Higgs boson decay modes to $b$ and $c$ quarks are crucial for many Higgs precision measurements. The presence of semileptonic decays in the jets originating from $b$ and $c$ quarks causes missing energy due to the undetectable neutrinos. A correction for the missing neutrino momenta can be derived from the kinematics of the decay up to a two-fold ambiguity. The correct solution can be identified by a kinematic fit, which exploits the well-known initial state at an $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider by adjusting the measured quantities within their uncertainties to fulfill the kinematic constraints. The ParticleFlow concept, based on the reconstruction of individual particles in a jet allows understanding the individual jet-level uncertainties at an unprecedented level. The modeling of the jet uncertainties and the resulting fit performance will be discussed for the example of the ILD detector. Applied to $H\rightarrow b\bar{b}/c\bar{c}$ events, the combination of the neutrino correction with the kinematic fit improves the Higgs mass reconstruction significantly, both in terms of resolution and peak position.
A New Phase Time Formula for Opaque Barrier Tunneling
Creators: name: De Leo, Stefano
name: Leonardi, Vinicius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After a brief review of the derivation of the standard phase time formula, based on the use of the stationary phase method, we propose, in the opaque limit, an alternative method to calculate the phase time. The new formula for the phase time is in excellent agreement with the numerical simulations and shows that for wave packets whose upper limit of the momentum distribution is very close to the barrier height, the transit time is proportional to the barrier width.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Race and Ethnicity, Racism, and Population Health in the United States: The Straightforward, the Complex, Innovations, and the Future
Creators: name: Hummer, Robert A
Publisher: name: Duke University Press
Year: 2023

description:
For far too long, U.S. racialized groups have experienced human suffering and loss of life far too often and early. Thus, it is critical that the population sciences community does its part to improve the science, education, and policy in this area of study and help to eliminate ethnoracial disparities in population health. My 2022 PAA Presidential Address focuses on race and ethnicity, racism, and U.S. population health in the United States and is organized into five sections. First, I provide a descriptive overview of ethnoracial disparities in U.S. population health. Second, I emphasize the often overlooked scientific value of such descriptive work and demonstrate how such seemingly straightforward description is complicated by issues of population heterogeneity, time and space, and the complexity of human health. Third, I make the case that the population sciences have generally been far too slow in incorporating the role of racism into explanations for ethnoracial health disparities and lay out a conceptual framework for doing so. Fourth, I discuss how my research team is designing, collecting, and disseminating data for the scientific community that will have potential to, among many other purposes, create a better understanding of ethnoracial health disparities and the role of racism in producing such disparities. Finally, I close by suggesting some policy- and education-related efforts that are needed to address racism and population health within U.S. institutions.
Radiation Environment In Earth-Moon Space: Results From RADOM Experiment Onboard Chandrayaan-1
Creators: name: Vadawale, S. V.
name: Goswami, J. N.
name: Dachev, T. P.
name: Tomov, B. T.
name: Girish, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Radiation Monitor (RADOM) payload is a miniature dosimeter-spectrometer onboard Chandrayaan-1 mission for monitoring the local radiation environment in near-Earth space and in lunar space. RADOM measured the total absorbed dose and spectrum of the deposited energy from high energy particles in near-Earth space, en-route and in lunar orbit. RADOM was the first experiment to be switched on soon after the launch of Chandrayaan-1 and was operational till the end of the mission. This paper summarizes the observations carried out by RADOM during the entire life time of the Chandrayaan-1 mission and some the salient results.
description: Accepted for publication in Advances in Geosciences
Hatano-Nelson model with a periodic potential
Creators: name: Hébert, F.
name: Schram, M.
name: Scalettar, R. T.
name: Chen, W. B.
name: Bai, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a generalisation of the Hatano-Nelson Hamiltonian in which a periodic modulation of the site energies is present in addition to the usual random distribution. The system can then become localized by disorder or develop a band gap, and the eigenspectrum shows a wide variety of topologies. We determine the phase diagram, and perform a finite size scaling analysis of the localization transition.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures
Racial Disparities in Hysterectomy Route for Benign Disease: Examining Trends and Perioperative Complications From 2007 to 2018 Using the NSQIP Database
Creators: name: McClurg, Asha B.
name: Moore, Kristin J.
name: Dieter, Alexis A.
name: Carey, Erin T.
name: Tyan, Paul
name: Schiff, Lauren
name: Degaia, Ayana
Publisher: name: Wolters Kluwer
Year: 2023

description:
(Abstracted from J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2023;30(8):627–634) One of the most common gynecological procedures performed within the United States, the trends of hysterectomy types have changed over the past 30 years, with the 1990s demonstrating predominantly abdominal hysterectomies, whereas current trends tend to favor minimally invasive hysterectomies (MIHs) using laparoscopic or vaginal routes. In addition, within the hysterectomy trend, it is notable that higher rates of abdominal hysterectomy and postoperative complications occur for Black and Hispanic women as seen across varying health care systems.
Platelet-Bacterial Interactions as Therapeutic Targets in Infective Endocarditis
Creators: name: Kerrigan, Steven
name: Cox, Dermot
Publisher: name: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111502 Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Endocarditis is an inflammation of the lining of the heart and valves. It can be due to a noninfectious cause (Asopa et al., 2007) but when the inflammation is associated with an infection, usually bacterial, it is known as infective endocarditis (IE) and is characterized by the development of a large septic thrombus on one of the cardiac valves (Beynon et al., 2006; Moreillon and Que, 2004). As this thrombus grows, it can lead to valve failure or may fragment forming a septic embolus that is associated with high mortality if the target of the embolus is the brain, heart or lung (Homma and Grahame-Clarke, 2003). Untreated the mortality is very high and even with aggressive therapy with antibiotics and valve replacement surgery there is a significant mortality. Primarily the disease is due to the formation of a platelet-bacteria thrombus on a cardiac valve and this review will look at the interaction between bacteria and platelets within the context of endocarditis.
Keck Deep Fields. IV. Luminosity Dependent Clustering and Galaxy Downsizing in UV-Selected Galaxies at z=4, 3, and 2
Creators: name: Savoy, Jonathan
name: Sawicki, Marcin
name: Thompson, David
name: Sato, Taro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the luminosity dependent clustering of rest-frame UV selected galaxies at z~4, 3, 2.2, and 1.7 in the Keck Deep Fields (KDFs), which are complete to R = 27 and cover 169 arcmin^2. We find that at z~4 and 3, UV-bright galaxies cluster more strongly than UV-faint ones, but at z~2.2 and 1.7, the UV-bright galaxies are no longer the most strongly clustered. We derive mass estimates for objects in our sample by comparing our measurements to the predicted clustering of dark matter haloes in the Millennium Simulation. From these estimates, we infer relationships between halo mass and star formation rate (SFR), and find that the most massive dark matter haloes in our sample host galaxies with high SFRs (M_1700 < -20, or > 50 M_sun/yr) at z~3 and 4, moderate SFRs (-20
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Spatially hybrid computations for streamer discharges: II. Fully 3D simulations
Creators: name: Li, Chao
name: Ebert, Ute
name: Hundsdorfer, Willem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We recently have presented first physical predictions of a spatially hybrid model that follows the evolution of a negative streamer discharge in full three spatial dimensions; our spatially hybrid model couples a particle model in the high field region ahead of the streamer with a fluid model in the streamer interior where electron densities are high and fields are low. Therefore the model is computationally efficient, while it also follows the dynamics of single electrons including their possible run-away. Here we describe the technical details of our computations, and present the next step in a systematic development of the simulation code. First, new sets of transport coefficients and reaction rates are obtained from particle swarm simulations in air, nitrogen, oxygen and argon. These coefficients are implemented in an extended fluid model to make the fluid approximation as consistent as possible with the particle model, and to avoid discontinuities at the interface between fluid and particle regions. Then two splitting methods are introduced and compared for the location and motion of the fluid-particle-interface in three spatial dimensions. Finally, we present first results of the 3D spatially hybrid model for a negative streamer in air.
Nonequilibrium transport in molecular junctions with strong electron-phonon interactions
Creators: name: Monreal, R. C.
name: Flores, F.
name: Martin-Rodero, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a combined theoretical approach to study the nonequilibrium transport properties of nanoscale systems coupled to metallic electrodes and exhibiting strong electron-phonon interactions. We use the Keldysh Green function formalism to generalize beyond linear theory in the applied voltage an equation of motion method and an interpolative self-energy approximation previously developed in equilibrium. We analyze the specific characteristics of inelastic transport appearing in the intensity versus voltage curves and in the conductance, providing qualitative criteria for the sign of the step-like features in the conductance. Excellent overall agreement between both approaches is found for a wide range of parameters.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures
Platelet-Bacterial Interactions as Therapeutic Targets in Infective Endocarditis
Creators: name: Kerrigan, Steven W.
name: Cox, Dermot
Publisher: name: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 111502 Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Endocarditis is an inflammation of the lining of the heart and valves. It can be due to a noninfectious cause (Asopa et al., 2007) but when the inflammation is associated with an infection, usually bacterial, it is known as infective endocarditis (IE) and is characterized by the development of a large septic thrombus on one of the cardiac valves (Beynon et al., 2006; Moreillon and Que, 2004). As this thrombus grows, it can lead to valve failure or may fragment forming a septic embolus that is associated with high mortality if the target of the embolus is the brain, heart or lung (Homma and Grahame-Clarke, 2003). Untreated the mortality is very high and even with aggressive therapy with antibiotics and valve replacement surgery there is a significant mortality. Primarily the disease is due to the formation of a platelet-bacteria thrombus on a cardiac valve and this review will look at the interaction between bacteria and platelets within the context of endocarditis.
Creative differences : Sendak's and Knussen's intended audiences of Where the Wild Things Are and Higglety Pigglety Pop!
Creators: name: Field, Leah Giselle
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Author and illustrator Maurice Sendak and composer Oliver Knussen collaborated on two one-act operas based on Sendak’s picture books Where the Wild Things Are and Higglety Pigglety Pop! or There Must Be More to Life. Though they are often programmed as children’s operas, Sendak and Knussen labeled the works fantasy operas, but have provided little commentary on any distinction between these labels. Through examination of their notes and commentary on the operas, published reviews and analysis of the operas, e-mail interviews conducted with operatic administrators and composers of children’s operas, and my analysis of the two works I intend to show that Sendak and Knussen had different target audiences in mind as they created these works.
Interior animal, outside menace
Creators: name: Kennedy-Lopez, Zachary
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2019

description: This collection of stories explores the intersection of apocalypse, animals, and our relationship to both. From short pieces about a three-legged dog at the end of the world to near-novella length stories about zookeepers who live in the zoo after a nuclear holocaust, these pieces push at the boundaries of form while examining the different ways a world can end, whether all such endings are bad, and what it means to be human when the way we experience and exist in the world is forced to change in fundamental ways.
"How Do You Quantify How Racist Something Is?": Color-Blind Moderation in Decentralized Governance
Creators: name: Wu, Qunfang
name: Semaan, Bryan
Publisher: name: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Year: 2023

description:
Volunteer moderators serve as gatekeepers for problematic content, such as racism and other forms of hate speech, on digital platforms. Prior studies have reported volunteer moderators' diverse roles in different governance models, highlighting the tensions between moderators and other stakeholders (e.g., administrative teams and users). Building upon prior research, this paper focuses on how volunteer moderators moderate racist content and how a platform's governance influences these practices. To understand how moderators deal with racist content, we conducted in-depth interviews with 13 moderators from city subreddits on Reddit. We found that moderators heavily relied on AutoMod to regulate racist content and racist user accounts. However, content that was crafted through covert racism and "color-blind'' racial frames was not addressed well. We attributed these challenges in moderating racist content to (1) moderators' concerns of power corruption, (2) arbitrary moderator team structures, and (3) evolving forms of covert racism. Our results demonstrate that decentralized governance on Reddit could not support local efforts to regulate color-blind racism. Finally, we discuss the conceptual and practical ways to disrupt color-blind moderation.
Primordial Black Hole as a Source of the Boost Factor
Creators: name: Saito, Ryo
name: Shirai, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial black holes (PBHs) accumulate weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) around them and form ultracompact minihalos (UCMHs), if the WIMP is a dominant component of the dark matter (DM). In this paper, we discuss that the UCMHs seeded by the PBHs with sub-earth mass enhance the WIMP annihilation in the present Universe and can successfully explain the positron and/or electron excess in cosmic ray observed by PAMELA/Fermi experiments. The signal is very similar to that from a decaying dark matter, which can explain the PAMELA and/or Fermi anomaly without conflict with any constraints as long as the decay mode is proper. In this scenario, the boost factor can be as large as 10^5. In addition, we discuss testability of our scenario by gamma-ray point source and gravitational-wave experiments.
description: 17 pages, 3 figure
Molecular analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of human macrophages : the role of Protein tyrosine phosphatase A
Creators: name: Poirier, Valérie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: To survive in the human host macrophage, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of Tuberculosis, infects human macrophages and inhibits two key cellular events required for the elimination of invading organisms; phagosome acidification and fusion with lysosomes. This is partially dependent on Protein tyrosine phosphatase A (PtpA) secreted into the cytosol of the macrophage. PtpA first disrupts phagosome acidification by binding to subunit H of the proton pump, and second, inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion by dephosphorylating and inactivating the membrane fusion regulator, hVPS33B. The ability of M. tuberculosis to actively interfere with host trafficking events allows this pathogen to replicate and persist inside the macrophage and prevent antigen presentation required to initiate an adaptive immune response. In this work, we explored the global macrophage’s response to infection emphasizing on PtpA’s role in this process. We analyzed the macrophage global proteomic responses and focused on the activity of signalling pathways by determining the phosphorylation status of host proteins upon infection with M. tuberculosis strains. We found that PtpA affects the macrophage’s response by modulating various proteins involved in RNA metabolism, immunity and defence, and cellular respiration pathways. We further show that PtpA promotes M. tuberculosis survival by dephosphorylating the host kinase GSK3α on amino acid Y²⁷⁹ leading to inhibition of GSK3α and arrest of macrophage apoptosis. GSK3α has pro- and anti-apoptotic activities and dephosphorylation of Y²⁷⁹ inhibits its ability to initiate apoptosis. In this regard, activation of the host apoptosis executioner, caspase-3, is blocked in M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages compared to cells infected with ΔptpA mutant strain. Taken together, these findings reveal one of the long-sought effectors behind the inhibition of apoptosis of the host by virulent M. tuberculosis. Moreover, we are the first to simultaneously determine proteome-wide protein expression levels of human macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis and outline molecular signatures of the global and PtpA-dependent proteomic patterns of macrophages during infection. We have now established that PtpA significantly contributes to successful infection and survival of M. tuberculosis inside the macrophage. Understanding the mechanism of action of PtpA during M. tuberculosis infection may lead to the development of novel anti-mycobacterial drugs.
Using Neural Networks to improve classical Operating System Fingerprinting techniques
Creators: name: Sarraute, Carlos
name: Burroni, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present remote Operating System detection as an inference problem: given a set of observations (the target host responses to a set of tests), we want to infer the OS type which most probably generated these observations. Classical techniques used to perform this analysis present several limitations. To improve the analysis, we have developed tools using neural networks and Statistics tools. We present two working modules: one which uses DCE-RPC endpoints to distinguish Windows versions, and another which uses Nmap signatures to distinguish different version of Windows, Linux, Solaris, OpenBSD, FreeBSD and NetBSD systems. We explain the details of the topology and inner workings of the neural networks used, and the fine tuning of their parameters. Finally we show positive experimental results.
Local thermal instability and the warm corona: hot or not?
Creators: name: Gronkiewicz, Dominik
name: Różańska, Agata
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: We aim to study whether the model of warm X-ray corona, heated by the magnetic field emerging from the disk, can explain the Soft X-ray Excess observations in Active Galactic Nuclei. Utilizing our model that solves a one-dimensional vertical structure of a magnetized accretion disk, we are able to obtain the temperature and optical depth of the warm corona. Comparing these results to observations, we obtain a satisfactory agreement. In-depth analysis shows that the lower boundary of a thermally unstable region predicts very well the observations for some range of accretion rates. We conclude that the accuracy of this prediction, if not coincidental, is very curious, and warm corona might be tightly linked to thermal instability.
Time-domain modelling of Extreme-Mass-Ratio Inspirals for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
Creators: name: Canizares, Priscilla
name: Sopuerta, Carlos F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a stellar-mass compact object is captured by a supermassive black hole located in a galactic centre, the system losses energy and angular momentum by the emission of gravitational waves. Subsequently, the stellar compact object evolves inspiraling until plunging onto the massive black hole. These EMRI systems are expected to be one of the main sources of gravitational waves for the future space-based Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). However, the detection of EMRI signals will require of very accurate theoretical templates taking into account the gravitational self-force, which is the responsible of the stellar-compact object inspiral. Due to its potential applicability on EMRIs, the obtention of an efficient method to compute the scalar self-force acting on a point-like particle orbiting around a massive black hole is being object of increasing interest. We present here a review of our time-domain numerical technique to compute the self-force acting on a point-like particle and we show its suitability to deal with both circular and eccentric orbits.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, JPCS latex style. Submitted to JPCS (special issue for the proceedings of the Spanish Relativity Meeting (ERE2010))
Racial and ethnic disparity in national practice patterns for stress urinary incontinence surgery
Creators: name: Sakai, Nozomi
name: Geller, Elizabeth J.
name: Margulies, Samantha L.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2023

description:
Introduction and hypothesis There is a paucity of information assessing whether race/ethnicity is associated with differences in surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The primary objective was to assess for racial/ethnic disparities in SUI surgeries. Secondary objectives were to assess for surgical complication differences and trends over time. Methods Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of patients undergoing SUI surgery from 2010 to 2019. Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test and ANOVA were used for categorical and continuous variables respectively. Breslow day score and multinomial and multiple logistic regression models were used. Results A total of 53,333 patients were analyzed. Using White race/ethnicity and sling surgery as references, Hispanic patients underwent more laparoscopic surgeries (OR1.17 [CI 1.03, 1.33]) and anterior vesico-urethropexy/urethropexies (OR 1.97 [CI 1.66, 2.34]); Black patients underwent more anterior vesico-urethropexy/urethropexies (OR 1.49 [CI 1.07, 2.07]), abdomino-vaginal vesical neck suspensions (OR 2.19 [CI 1.05–4.55]), and inflatable urethral slings (OR 4.28 [CI 1.23–14.90]). White patients had lower rates of inpatient stay (p < 0.0001) and blood transfusion (p < 0.0001) compared with patients who were Black, indigenous, people of color (BIPOC). Over time, Hispanic and Black patients were more likely to undergo anterior vesico-urethropexy/urethropexies than White patients (RR 2.03:1 [CI 1.72–2.40]) and (RR 1.59 CI [1.15–2.20]) respectively. Adjusting for possible confounders, Hispanic and Black patients had a greater chance of having a nonsling surgery, 37% (p < 0.0001) and 44% (p = 0.0001) greater chances respectively. Conclusion We observed racial/ethnic differences in SUI surgeries. Although causality cannot be proven here, our results confirm previous findings suggesting inequities in care.
Applications of Friedel-Crafts reactions in total synthesis of natural products.pdf
Creators: name: Mommahed Heravi, Majid
name: Zadsirjan, Vahideh
name: Saedi, Pegah
name: Momeni, Tayebeh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 30302 Nanochemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30502 Natural Products Chemistry
subject: 30205 Non-metal Chemistry
subject: Nuclear Chemistry
subject: 30303 Optical Properties of Materials
subject: 30504 Organic Green Chemistry
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: 30503 Organic Chemical Synthesis
subject: 30599 Organic Chemistry not elsewhere classified

description: Over the years, Friedel-Crafts (FC) reactions have been acknowledged as the most useful and powerful synthetic tools for the construction of a special kind of carbon-carbon bond involving an aromatic moiety. Its stoichiometric and, more recently, its catalytic procedures have extensively been studied. This reaction in recent years has frequently been used as a key step (steps) in the total synthesis of natural products and targeted complex bioactive molecules. In this review, we try to underscore the applications of intermolecular and intramolecular FC reactions in the total syntheses of natural products and complex molecules, exhibiting diverse biological properties.
Mode-filtered electron injection into a waveguide interferometer
Creators: name: Buchholz, Sven S.
name: Kunze, Ulrich
name: Fischer, Saskia F.
name: Reuter, Dirk
name: Wieck, Andreas D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Injection of mode-filtered electrons into a phase-sensitive four-terminal waveguide Aharonov-Bohm (AB) ring is studied. An individually tuneable quantum point contact (QPC) in a waveguide lead of the GaAs/AlGaAs-ring allows to selectively couple to one-dimensional modes in the ring. Thus, we demonstrate single-mode transport in a multi-mode waveguide structure. Coherent mode-filtering by the lowest QPC subband is verified by non-local bend resistance and phase-sensitive AB interference measurements.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures
Bias and Discrimination Against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Parents Accessing Care for Their Children: A Literature Review
Creators: name: Coulter-Thompson, Emilee I.
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications
Year: 2023

description:
BACKGROUND: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) parents of children with developmental disabilities (DDs) in health and early learning systems are largely understudied. Inclusive, affirming services are critical to timely identification and intervention for DDs. This literature review aimed to establish whether LGBTQ parents experience structural bias and discrimination when accessing care for their children in health and early learning systems. METHODS: PubMed, ERIC, and Scopus were searched for empirical research from 1990 to 2020 on: LGBTQ; parents, children, families; bias, disparities, discrimination; and health and early learning services. Themes were analyzed by conceptual model bias levels, participant type, and setting. RESULTS: The search yielded 1,872 unduplicated records (three through hand search). Twenty-nine articles representing 26 studies in health and early learning in eight countries met the inclusion criteria. Biases common across sectors included challenges surrounding LGBTQ status disclosures; lack of acknowledgment of non-biological parents; and heterosexist forms. Knowledge gaps and negative attitudes about LGBTQ families were found among some professionals and students. CONCLUSION: Some LGBTQ parents experienced bias and discrimination while accessing care for their children in health and early learning systems. Policies and programs to implement and monitor LGBTQ-inclusive health education and evaluate practice changes are recommended to improve professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Multilevel workforce development (e.g., accreditation standards, organizational audits, and training) is needed to create and sustain LGBTQ-affirming health and education environments. Honoring LGBTQ family diversity and reducing health and early learning inequities are critical for improving children's health and education outcomes.
Simulating Cyber-Attacks for Fun and Profit
Creators: name: Futoransky, Ariel
name: Miranda, Fernando
name: Orlicki, Jose
name: Sarraute, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.6.7; I.6.3

description: We introduce a new simulation platform called Insight, created to design and simulate cyber-attacks against large arbitrary target scenarios. Insight has surprisingly low hardware and configuration requirements, while making the simulation a realistic experience from the attacker's standpoint. The scenarios include a crowd of simulated actors: network devices, hardware devices, software applications, protocols, users, etc. A novel characteristic of this tool is to simulate vulnerabilities (including 0-days) and exploits, allowing an attacker to compromise machines and use them as pivoting stones to continue the attack. A user can test and modify complex scenarios, with several interconnected networks, where the attacker has no initial connectivity with the objective of the attack. We give a concise description of this new technology, and its possible uses in the security research field, such as pentesting training, study of the impact of 0-days vulnerabilities, evaluation of security countermeasures, and risk assessment tool.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Ising exponents from the functional renormalisation group
Creators: name: Litim, Daniel F.
name: Zappalá, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the 3d Ising universality class using the functional renormalisation group. With the help of background fields and a derivative expansion up to fourth order we compute the leading index, the subleading symmetric and anti-symmetric corrections to scaling, the anomalous dimension, the scaling solution, and the eigenperturbations at criticality. We also study the cross-correlations of scaling exponents, and their dependence on dimensionality. We find a very good numerical convergence of the derivative expansion, also in comparison with earlier findings. Evaluating the data from all functional renormalisation group studies to date, we estimate the systematic error which is found to be small and in good agreement with findings from Monte Carlo simulations, ε-expansion techniques, and resummed perturbation theory.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures, 7 tables
The cell cycle regulator GpsB functions as cytosolic adaptor for multiple cell wall enzymes
Creators: name: Cleverley, Robert M.
name: Rutter, Zoe J.
name: Rismondo, Jeanine
name: Corona, Federico
name: Tsui, Ho-Ching Tiffany
name: Alatawi, Fuad A.
name: Daniel, Richard A.
name: Halbedel, Sven
name: Massidda, Orietta
name: Winkler, Malcolm E.
name: Lewis, Richard J.
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Bacterial structural biology
subject: Cellular microbiology
subject: X-ray crystallography
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Bacterial growth and cell division requires precise spatiotemporal regulation of the synthesis and remodelling of the peptidoglycan layer that surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane. GpsB is a cytosolic protein that affects cell wall synthesis by binding cytoplasmic mini-domains of peptidoglycan synthases to ensure their correct subcellular localisation. Here, we describe critical structural features for the interaction of GpsB with peptidoglycan synthases from three bacterial species (Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae) and suggest their importance for cell wall growth and viability in L. monocytogenes and S. pneumoniae. We use these structural motifs to identify novel partners of GpsB in B. subtilis and extend the members of the GpsB interactome in all three bacterial species. Our results support that GpsB functions as an adaptor protein that mediates the interaction between membrane proteins, scaffolding proteins, signalling proteins and enzymes to generate larger protein complexes at specific sites in a bacterial cell cycle-dependent manner.
#politicalcommunicationsowhite: Race and Politics in Nine Communication Journals, 1991-2021
Creators: name: Pruden, Meredith L.
name: Malmer, Daniel
name: Freelon, Deen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023

description:
Race has been a consequential factor in politics for centuries, yet our review of the political communication literature finds only sporadic interest in the topic. To examine systematically how and how much political communication research has addressed race, we analyze author-supplied keywords in nine journals within three broad categories (political communication, generalist communication, and critical communication) over 31 years. Combining computational methods and traditional content analysis, we find that political communication and generalist journals engaged with race substantially less than critical journals, and that this level of engagement has remained essentially flat since the mid-1990s. Political communication journals discussed racism least among the three journal types, and specific political communication theories appeared rarely across the board. Finally, addressing race did not predict journal impact factor.
Antihydrogen Gravitational Quantum States
Creators: name: Voronin, A. Yu.
name: Froelich, P.
name: Nesvizhevsky, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study of the motion of the antihydrogen atom ($\bar{H}$) in the Earth's gravitational field above a material surface. We predict that $\bar{H}$ atom, falling in the Earth's gravitational field above a material surface, would settle in long-living quantum states. We point out a method of measuring the difference in energy of $\bar{H}$ in such states that allow us to apply spectroscopy of gravitational levels based on atom-interferometric principles. We analyze a general feasibility to perform experiments of this kind. We point out that such experiments provide a method of measuring the gravitational force ($Mg$) acting on $\bar{H}$ and they might be of interest in a context of testing the Weak Equivalence Principle for antimatter.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures
The mm-colors of a young binary disk system in the Orion Nebula Cluster
Creators: name: Ricci, L.
name: Testi, L.
name: Williams, J. P.
name: Mann, R. K.
name: Birnstiel, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new EVLA continuum observations at 7 mm of the 253-1536 binary disk system in the Orion Nebula Cluster. The measured fluxes were combined with data in the sub-mm to derive the millimeter spectral index of each individual disk component. We show how these observations can be used to test the models of dust evolution and early growth of solids in protoplanetary disks. Our analysis indicates that the disk with lower density and higher temperature hosts larger grains than the companion disk. This result is the opposite of what predicted by the dust evolution models. The models and observational results can be reconciled if the viscosity $α$-parameter differs by more than a factor of ten in the two disks, or if the distribution of solids in the disks is strongly affected by radial motions. This analysis can be applied to future high-angular resolution observations of young disks with EVLA and ALMA to provide even stronger observational constraints to the models of dust evolution in protoplanetary disks.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters Special Issue on early EVLA results
LGBTQIA+ Outness in Otolaryngology Residency Applications
Creators: name: Kimple, Adam
name: Desai, Shivani
name: Berk, Garrett
name: Russel, Sarah M
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual/aromantic (LGBTQIA+) providers improve health outcomes of sexual and gender minority (SGM) patients, which demonstrates the importance of understanding the state of LGBTQIA+ representation at all levels of medical training. The U.S. does not systematically collect sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data from applicants, trainees, and attending physicians, prompting us to wonder whether SGM representation in surgical fields, such as otolaryngology, is adequate. Personal statements submitted to an otolaryngology program from 2019 to 2021 were searched for LGBTQIA+ terms, and those containing LGBTQIA+ terms underwent full text review to determine whether applicants identified themselves as LGBTQIA+. Across these 2 application cycles, the sampled residency program received 928 applications. Only 2 applicants of 928 (0.2%) self-disclosed their LGBTQIA+ identities in their personal statements. These results signify a scarcity of SGM diversity in otolaryngology and warrant deeper exploration into factors preventing residency applicants from self-disclosure of LGBTQIA+ identities.
Quadrupole moment of the nucleon in chiral constituent quark model
Creators: name: Dahiya, Harleen
name: Sharma, Neetika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electromagnetic form factors are the most fundamental quantities to describe the internal structure of the nucleon and the shape of a spatially extended particle is determined by its {\it intrinsic} quadrupole moment which is first order moment of the charge density operator. With some experimental indications of a deformed nucleon, we have calculated the {\it intrinsic} quadrupole moment of the octet and decuplet baryons in the framework of chiral constituent quark model \chiCQM which is quite successful in explaining some of the important baryon properties in the nonperturbative regime.
description: 8 pages. Presented at the Light Cone 2010: Relativistic Hadronic and Particle Physics held during June 14-18, 2010 at Valencia, Spain (To appear in the PoS proceedings)