cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Model predictive control for robust quantum state preparation
Creators: name: Goldschmidt, Andy J.
name: DuBois, Jonathan L.
name: Brunton, Steven L.
name: Kutz, J. Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A critical engineering challenge in quantum technology is the accurate control of quantum dynamics. Model-based methods for optimal control have been shown to be highly effective when theory and experiment closely match. Consequently, realizing high-fidelity quantum processes with model-based control requires careful device characterization. In quantum processors based on cold atoms, the Hamiltonian can be well-characterized. For superconducting qubits operating at milli-Kelvin temperatures, the Hamiltonian is not as well-characterized. Unaccounted for physics (i.e., mode discrepancy), coherent disturbances, and increased noise compromise traditional model-based control. This work introduces model predictive control (MPC) for quantum control applications. MPC is a closed-loop optimization framework that (i) inherits a natural degree of disturbance rejection by incorporating measurement feedback, (ii) utilizes finite-horizon model-based optimizations to control complex multi-input, multi-output dynamical systems under state and input constraints, and (iii) is flexible enough to develop synergistically alongside other modern control strategies. We show how MPC can be used to generate practical optimized control sequences in representative examples of quantum state preparation. Specifically, we demonstrate for a qubit, a weakly-anharmonic qubit, and a system undergoing crosstalk, that MPC can realize successful model-based control even when the model is inadequate. These examples showcase why MPC is an important addition to the quantum engineering control suite.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures
title: Endangered Species Act Section 7(a)(2) Biological Opinion, and Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act Essential Fish Habitat Response for the Newell Creek Access Road Bridge Rehabilitation Project (Corps File No. 2019-00106S) and the Newell Creek Dam Inlet-Outlet Replacement Project (Corps File No. 2010-0087S) located in the City of Ben Lomond, Santa Cruz County, California.
titleType: Other
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service
Year: 2019

description: ESA Section 7 Consultation ; WCRO-2019-00416
See or Hear? Exploring the Effect of Visual and Audio Hints and Gaze-assisted Task Feedback for Visual Search Tasks in Augmented Reality
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuchong
name: Nowak, Adam
name: Xuan, Yueming
name: Romanowski, Andrzej
name: Fjeld, Morten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Augmented reality (AR) is emerging in visual search tasks for increasingly immersive interactions with virtual objects. We propose an AR approach providing visual and audio hints along with gaze-assisted instant post-task feedback for search tasks based on mobile head-mounted display (HMD). The target case was a book-searching task, in which we aimed to explore the effect of the hints together with the task feedback with two hypotheses. H1: Since visual and audio hints can positively affect AR search tasks, the combination outperforms the individuals. H2: The gaze-assisted instant post-task feedback can positively affect AR search tasks. The proof-of-concept was demonstrated by an AR app in HMD and a comprehensive user study (n=96) consisting of two sub-studies, Study I (n=48) without task feedback and Study II (n=48) with task feedback. Following quantitative and qualitative analysis, our results partially verified H1 and completely verified H2, enabling us to conclude that the synthesis of visual and audio hints conditionally improves the AR visual search task efficiency when coupled with task feedback.
description: In Proceedings of 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)
Obstacles from interstellar matters and distortion in warp drive superluminal travel scenario
Creators: name: Bian, Siyu
name: Wang, Yi
name: Wang, Zun
name: Zhu, Mian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate obstacles of superluminal "warp drive" travels from interactions with interstellar matter and from curvature effects. The effect of collision of interstellar dust particles and photons with the spacecraft will all lead to a pressure proportional to the apparent velocity of the spaceship $v_s$. The force exerted on the spacecraft from the curvature effect has two non-trivial components. The radial and longitudinal components scales as $v_s^2$ and $v_s^4$ respectively. The above obstacles become increasingly important when the spaceship travels at high superluminal speeds.
Efficient Constrained Codes That Enable Page Separation in Modern Flash Memories
Creators: name: Hareedy, Ahmed
name: Zheng, Simeng
name: Siegel, Paul
name: Calderbank, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The pivotal storage density win achieved by solid-state devices over magnetic devices recently is a result of multiple innovations in physics, architecture, and signal processing. Constrained coding is used in Flash devices to increase reliability via mitigating inter-cell interference. Recently, capacity-achieving constrained codes were introduced to serve that purpose. While these codes result in minimal redundancy, they result in non-negligible complexity increase and access speed limitation since pages cannot be read separately. In this paper, we suggest new constrained coding schemes that have low-complexity and preserve the desirable high access speed in modern Flash devices. The idea is to eliminate error-prone patterns by coding data either only on the left-most page (binary coding) or only on the two left-most pages ($4$-ary coding) while leaving data on all the remaining pages uncoded. Our coding schemes are systematic and capacity-approaching. We refer to the proposed schemes as read-and-run (RR) constrained coding schemes. The $4$-ary RR coding scheme is introduced to limit the rate loss. We analyze the new RR coding schemes and discuss their impact on the probability of occurrence of different charge levels. We also demonstrate the performance improvement achieved via RR coding on a practical triple-level cell Flash device.
description: 30 pages (single column), 5 figures, submitted to the IEEE Transactions on Communications (TCOM). arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2111.07415
Cacao flower visitation: Low pollen deposition, low fruit set and dominance of herbivores
Creators: name: Vansynghel, Justine
name: Ocampo-Ariza, Carolina
name: Maas, Bea
name: Martin, Emily A.
name: Thomas, Evert
name: Hanf-Dressler, Tara
name: Schumacher, Nils-Christian
name: Ulloque-Samatelo, Carlos
name: Tscharntke, Teja
name: Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf
Publisher: name: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: agroforestry
subject: cocoa
subject: flower visitors
subject: forest proximity
subject: hand pollination
subject: pollen
subject: pollination services
subject: shade cover
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft::333 | Boden- und Energiewirtschaft::333,7 | Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt

description: Pollination services of cacao are crucial for global chocolate production, yet remain critically understudied, particularly in regions of origin of the species. Notably, uncertainties remain concerning the identity of cacao pollinators, the influence of landscape (forest distance) and management (shade cover) on flower visitation and the role of pollen deposition in limiting fruit set. Here, we aimed to improve understanding of cacao pollination by studying limiting factors of fruit set in Peru, part of the centre of origin of cacao. Flower visitors were sampled with sticky insect glue in 20 cacao agroforests in two biogeographically distinct regions of Peru, across gradients of shade cover and forest distance. Further, we assessed pollen quantities and compared fruit set between naturally and manually pollinated flowers. The most abundant flower visitors were aphids, ants and thrips in the north and thrips, midges and parasitoid wasps in the south of Peru. We present some evidence of increasing visitation rates from medium to high shade (40%–95% canopy closure) in the dry north, and opposite patterns in the semi-humid south, during the wet season. Natural pollination resulted in remarkably low fruit set rates (2%), and very low pollen deposition. After hand pollination, fruit set more than tripled (7%), but was still low. The diversity and high relative abundances of herbivore flower visitors limit our ability to draw conclusions on the functional role of different flower visitors. The remarkably low fruit set of naturally and even hand pollinated flowers indicates that other unaddressed factors limit cacao fruit production. Such factors could be, amongst others, a lack of effective pollinators, genetic incompatibility or resource limitation. Revealing efficient pollinator species and other causes of low fruit set rates is therefore key to establish location-specific management strategies and develop high yielding native cacao agroforestry systems in regions of origin of cacao. © 2022 The Authors. Ecological Solutions and Evidence published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society.
Electroweak flavour unification
Creators: name: Davighi, Joe
name: Tooby-Smith, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose that the electroweak and flavour quantum numbers of the Standard Model (SM) could be unified at high energies in an $SU(4)\times Sp(6)_L \times Sp(6)_R$ anomaly-free gauge model. All the SM fermions are packaged into two fundamental fields, $Ψ_L \sim (\mathbf{4}, \mathbf{6}, \mathbf{1})$ and $Ψ_R\sim (\mathbf{4}, \mathbf{1},\mathbf{6})$, thereby explaining the origin of three families of fermions. The SM Higgs, being electroweakly charged, necessarily becomes charged also under flavour when embedded in the UV model. It is therefore natural for its vacuum expectation value to couple only to the third family. The other components of the UV Higgs fields are presumed heavy. Extra scalars are needed to break this symmetry down to the SM, which can proceed via `flavour-deconstructed' gauge groups; for instance, we propose a pattern $Sp(6)_L \to \prod_{i=1}^3 SU(2)_{L,i} \to SU(2)_L$ for the left-handed factor. When the heavy Higgs components are integrated out, realistic quark Yukawa couplings with in-built hierarchies are naturally generated without any further ingredients, if we assume the various symmetry breaking scalars condense at different scales. The CKM matrix that we compute is not a generic unitary matrix, but it can precisely fit the observed values.
description: 35 pages. v3: Matches published version
Proton Cyclotron Waves Upstream from Mars: Observations from Mars Global Surveyor
Creators: name: Romanelli, Norberto
name: Bertucci, Cesar
name: Gomez, Daniel
name: Mazelle, Christian
name: Delva, Magda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study on the properties of electromagnetic plasma waves in the region upstream of the Martian bow shock, detected by the magnetometer and electron reflectometer (MAG / ER) onboard the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft during the period known as Science Phasing Orbits (SPO). The frequency of these waves, measured in the MGS reference frame (SC), is close to the local proton cyclotron frequency. Minimum variance analysis (MVA) shows that these 'proton cyclotron frequency' waves (PCWs) are characterized - in the SC frame - by a left-hand, elliptical polarization and propagate almost parallel to the background magnetic field. They also have a small degree of compressibility and an amplitude that decreases with the increase of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) cone angle and radial distance from the planet. The latter result supports the idea that the source of these waves is Mars. In addition, we find that these waves are not associated with the foreshock . Empirical evidence and theoretical approaches suggest that most of these observations correspond to the ion-ion right hand (RH) mode originating from the pick-up of ionized exospheric hydrogen. The left-hand (LH) mode might be present in cases where the IMF cone angle is high. PCWs occur in 62% of the time during SPO1 subphase, whereas occurrence drops to 8% during SPO2. Also, SPO1 PCWs preserve their characteristics for longer time periods and have greater degree of polarization and coherence than those in SPO2. We discuss these results in the context of possible changes in the pick-up conditions from SPO1 to SPO2, or steady, spatial inhomogeneities in the wave distribution. The lack of influence from the Solar Wind's convective electric field upon the location of PCWs indicates that there is no clear relation between the spatial distribution of PCWs and that of pick-up ions.
title: Endangered Species Act Section 7(a)(2) Biological Opinion O’Connell Bridge Lightering Float Pile Replacement Project, Sitka, Alaska
titleType: Other
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. Alaska Regional Office
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. Alaska Regional Office
Year: 2019

description: ESA Section 7 Consultation ; AKRO-2018-00245
Flat Seeking Bayesian Neural Networks
Creators: name: Nguyen, Van-Anh
name: Vuong, Tung-Long
name: Phan, Hoang
name: Do, Thanh-Toan
name: Phung, Dinh
name: Le, Trung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) provide a probabilistic interpretation for deep learning models by imposing a prior distribution over model parameters and inferring a posterior distribution based on observed data. The model sampled from the posterior distribution can be used for providing ensemble predictions and quantifying prediction uncertainty. It is well-known that deep learning models with lower sharpness have better generalization ability. However, existing posterior inferences are not aware of sharpness/flatness in terms of formulation, possibly leading to high sharpness for the models sampled from them. In this paper, we develop theories, the Bayesian setting, and the variational inference approach for the sharpness-aware posterior. Specifically, the models sampled from our sharpness-aware posterior, and the optimal approximate posterior estimating this sharpness-aware posterior, have better flatness, hence possibly possessing higher generalization ability. We conduct experiments by leveraging the sharpness-aware posterior with state-of-the-art Bayesian Neural Networks, showing that the flat-seeking counterparts outperform their baselines in all metrics of interest.
description: Accepted at NeurIPS 2023
Subtle Characteristic Classes and Hermitian Forms
Creators: name: Tanania, Fabio
Publisher: name: Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung
Year: 2019

description: Following A. Smirnov, A. Vishik [Subtle Characteristic Classes, arXiv:1401.6661v1 (2014)], we compute the motivic cohomology ring of the Nisnevich classifying space of the unitary group associated to the standard split hermitian form of a quadratic extension. This provides us with subtle characteristic classes which take value in the motivic cohomology of the \v{C}ech simplicial scheme associated to a hermitian form. Comparing these new classes with subtle Stiefel-Whitney classes arising in the orthogonal case, we obtain relations among the latter ones holding in the motivic cohomology of the \v{C}ech simplicial scheme associated to a quadratic form divisible by a 1-fold Pfister form. Moreover, we present a description of the motive of the torsor corresponding to a hermitian form in terms of its subtle characteristic classes.
description: DOCUMENTA MATHEMATICA, Vol 24 (2019), p. 2493-2523, 1431-0643
A new approach to the Lenard-Magri scheme of integrability
Creators: name: De Sole, Alberto
name: Kac, Victor G.
name: Turhan, Refik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37K10 (Primary) 35Q53, 17B80, 17B69, 37K30, 17B63 (Secondary)

description: We develop a new approach to the Lenard-Magri scheme of integrability of bi-Hamiltonian PDE's, when one of the Poisson structures is a strongly skew-adjoint differential operator.
description: 20 pages
title: Endangered Species Act Section 7(a)(2) Biological Opinion, and Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act Essential Fish Habitat Response for the Newell Creek Access Road Bridge Rehabilitation Project (Corps File No. 2019-00106S) and the Newell Creek Dam Inlet-Outlet Replacement Project (Corps File No. 2010- 0087S) located in the City of Ben Lomond, Santa Cruz County, California.
titleType: Other
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service
Year: 2019

description: ESA Section 7 Consultation ; WCRO-2019-00417
title: Endangered Species Act Section 7 Formal Consultation and Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act Essential Fish Habitat Consultation for the Smith Creek/Hettinger Ranch Hydropower and Irrigation System
titleType: Other
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service
Year: 2019

description: ESA Section 7 Consultation ; WCRO-2019-00174
Discovery of 47-s pulsations in the X-ray source 1RXS J225352.8+624354
Creators: name: Esposito, P.
name: Israel, G. L.
name: Sidoli, L.
name: Mason, E.
name: Castillo, G. A. Rodríguez
name: Halpern, J. P.
name: Moretti, A.
name: Götz, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the discovery of pulsations at a period of ~47 s in the persistent X-ray source 1RXS J225352.8+624354 (1RXS J2253) using five Chandra observations performed in 2009. The signal was also detected in Swift and ROSAT data, allowing us to infer over a 16-yr baseline an average, long-term period increasing rate of ~17 ms per year and therefore to confirm the signal as the spin period of an accreting, spinning-down neutron star. The pulse profile of 1RXS J2253 (~50-60% pulsed fraction) is complex and energy independent (within the statistical uncertainties). The 1-10 keV Chandra spectra are well fit by an absorbed power-law model with photon index ~1.4 and observed flux of (2-5)e-12 erg cm^-2 s^-1. The source was also detected by INTEGRAL in the 17-60 keV band at a persistent flux of ~6e-12 erg cm^-2 s^-1, implying a spectral cut off around 15 keV. We also carried out optical spectroscopic follow-up observations of the 2MASS counterpart at the Nordic Optical Telescope. This made it possible to first classify the companion of 1RXS J2253 as a B0-1III-Ve (most likely a B1Ve) star at a distance of about 4-5 kpc (favouring an association with the Perseus arm of the Galaxy). The latter finding implies an X-ray luminosity of ~3e34 erg s^-1, suggesting that 1RXS J2253 is a new member of the sub-class of low-luminosity long-orbital-period persistent Be/X-ray pulsars in a wide and circular orbit (such as X Persei).
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables; MNRAS, in press
Non-equilibrium stationary properties of the boundary driven zero-range process with long jumps
Creators: name: Bernardin, Cédric
name: Gonçalves, Patricia
name: Oviedo-Jiménez, Byron
name: Scotta, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the zero-range process with long jumps and in contact with infinitely many reservoirs in its non-equilibrium stationary state. We derive the hydrostatic limit and the Fick's law, which are a consequence of a relationship between the exclusion process and the zero-range process. We also obtain the large deviation principle for the empirical density, i.e. we compute the non-equilibrium free energy.
Effective double-beta-decay operator for 76Ge and 82Se
Creators: name: Holt, Jason D.
name: Engel, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use diagrammatic many-body perturbation theory in combination with low-momentum interactions derived from chiral effective field theory to construct effective shell-model transition operators for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of 76Ge and 82Se. We include all unfolded diagrams to first- and second-order in the interaction and all singly folded diagrams that can be constructed from them. The resulting effective operator, which accounts for physics outside the shell-model space, increases the nuclear matrix element by about 20% in 76Ge and 30% in 82Se.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Impact of Different Phase Center Correction Values on Geodetic Parameters: A Standardized Simulation Approach
Creators: name: Kröger, Johannes
name: Kersten, Tobias
name: Breva, Yannick
name: Brekenkamp, Mareike
name: Schön, Steffen
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: GPS
subject: GNSS
subject: PCC
subject: antenna phase center variation
subject: ANTEX
subject: Geodesy
subject: Geodäsie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau::621 | Angewandte Physik::621,3 | Elektrotechnik, Elektronik

description: For highly precise and accurate positioning and navigation solutions with GNSS, it is mandatory to take all error sources – including phase center corrections (PCC) – adequately into account. These corrections are provided by different calibration facilities and are published in the official IGS antenna exchange format (ANTEX) file for several geodetic antennas. Currently, the IGS antenna working group (AWG) is discussing which metrics should be used as a basis for accepting new calibration facilities as an official IGS calibration facility. To this end, requirements have to be set for comparing different sets of PCC for the same type of antenna. Mostly, characteristic values of difference patterns (dPCC) are analysed, e.g. maximum deviations, RMS of dPCC, or percentage of dPCC values that are smaller than 1 mm. For users and station providers, however, it is most interesting to investigate the impact of dPCC on geodetic parameters, e.g. topocentric coordinate deviations and troposphere estimates. Since the impact is not only depending on the antenna in use and the station’s location but also on the applied processing strategies, a standardized comparison strategy is needed. In this contribution, we present the impact of different PCC values on geodetic parameters using a standardized simulation approach. We show results for several globally distributed stations using different processing strategies and their respective impact on the geodetic parameters. This includes the application of different elevation cut-off angles, observation weightings w.r.t satellite coverages and elevation angles as well as use of different frequencies and linear combinations. The obtained results are analysed in detail, repeated behaviours are grouped and compared to widely used characteristic values of dPCC. Thus, an overall conclusion of the similarity of different PCC models can not only be drawn on the pattern level, but also their impact on geodetic parameters can be assessed.
Die Fachmittelschule als ‘Mädchenschule’!? Eine Bildungsinstitution der Sekundarstufe II zwischen Reproduktion und Transformation der geschlechtertypischen Berufswahl
Creators: name: Leemann, Regula Julia
name: Imdorf, Christian
name: Fischer, Andrea
name: Esposito, Raffaella Simona
name: Hafner, Sandra
Publisher: name: Bern : hep
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fachmittelschule
subject: Geschlechtsspezifität
subject: Schweiz
subject: Institutionalisierung
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::370 | Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: Die Fachmittelschule (FMS) hat sich ab den 1970er Jahren aus Schulen, welche junge Frauen auf Berufsausbildungen in Gesundheit, Sozialem und Erziehung vorbereiteten, zum dritten, eidgenössisch anerkannten nachobligatorischen Bildungsweg mit Hochschulzugang transformiert. Obwohl dieser Schultyp heute auch den Männern offensteht, beträgt deren Anteil nur rund ein Viertel. Der Beitrag versucht zu erklären, weshalb sich diese Geschlechtsspezifität nur langsam wandelt. Zum einen gehen wir der Frage nach, welche sozialen Mechanismen die Reproduktion der Geschlechtsspezifität beförderten. Zum anderen werden Mechanismen dargestellt, welche das Potenzial hatten oder haben, einen Wandel der Geschlechtertypik zu begünstigen, aber es wird auch verdeutlicht, wie dieser verhindert wurde. Theoretisch beziehen wir uns auf Helga Krüger (1991) und ihren Beitrag zur Institutionalisierung von Geschlechterverhältnissen in Bildungsinstitutionen sowie auf das analytische Konzept von James Mahoney (2000) zu verschiedenen sozialen Mechanismen, welche sowohl Reproduktion als auch Transformation von Institutionen erklären können. Die Daten stammen aus einem Forschungsprojekt, welches die die Institutionalisierung der FMS mittels Dokumenten, Interviews und statistischen Analysen untersucht. Die Reproduktion der Geschlechtsspezifität ist darauf zurückzuführen, dass die Schule sich im Zuge ihrer Institutionalisierung auf ihre traditionelle Funktion stützen musste, um ihr Überleben zu sichern und ihre Position als dritter Bildungsweg zu legitimieren. Bemühungen der FMS-Akteure, das berufliche Spektrum der Schule zu erweitern, scheiterten bisher oft an den Widerständen mächtiger Vertreter der Berufsbildung.
A Theoretical Understanding of Shallow Vision Transformers: Learning, Generalization, and Sample Complexity
Creators: name: Li, Hongkang
name: Wang, Meng
name: Liu, Sijia
name: Chen, Pin-yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Vision Transformers (ViTs) with self-attention modules have recently achieved great empirical success in many vision tasks. Due to non-convex interactions across layers, however, theoretical learning and generalization analysis is mostly elusive. Based on a data model characterizing both label-relevant and label-irrelevant tokens, this paper provides the first theoretical analysis of training a shallow ViT, i.e., one self-attention layer followed by a two-layer perceptron, for a classification task. We characterize the sample complexity to achieve a zero generalization error. Our sample complexity bound is positively correlated with the inverse of the fraction of label-relevant tokens, the token noise level, and the initial model error. We also prove that a training process using stochastic gradient descent (SGD) leads to a sparse attention map, which is a formal verification of the general intuition about the success of attention. Moreover, this paper indicates that a proper token sparsification can improve the test performance by removing label-irrelevant and/or noisy tokens, including spurious correlations. Empirical experiments on synthetic data and CIFAR-10 dataset justify our theoretical results and generalize to deeper ViTs.
Two-fluid kinetic theory for dilute polymer solutions
Creators: name: Singh, Shiwani
name: Subramanian, Ganesh
name: Ansumali, Santosh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a Boltzmann-type kinetic description for dilute polymer solutions based on two-fluid theory. This Boltzmann-type description uses a quasi-equilibrium based relaxation mechanism to model collisions between a polymer dumbbell and a solvent molecule. The model reproduces the desired macroscopic equations for the polymer-solvent mixture. The proposed kinetic scheme leads to a numerical algorithm which is along the lines of the lattice Boltzmann method. Finally, the algorithm is applied to describe the evolution of a perturbed Kolmogorov flow profile, whereby we recover the major elastic effect exhibited by a polymer solution, specifically, the suppression of the original inertial instability.
Impact of strain on metamagnetic transitions in $Sm_{0.5} Sr_{0.5} Mn O_3$ thin films
Creators: name: Srivastava, M. K.
name: Kaur, A.
name: Maurya, K. K.
name: Awana, V. P. S.
name: Singh, H. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SSMO50 thin films were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering on LAO and STO substrates. The film on LAO is under compressive strain, while the film on STO is under tensile strain. All the magnetic and magnetotransport properties have been discussed in terms of strain controlled metamagnetic state.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, Accepted in Applied Physics Letters
Structural importance and evolution: an application to financial transaction networks
Creators: name: Seabrook, Isobel
name: Barucca, Paolo
name: Caccioli, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A fundamental problem in the study of networks is the identification of important nodes. This is typically achieved using centrality metrics, which rank nodes in terms of their position in the network. This approach works well for static networks, that do not change over time, but does not consider the dynamics of the network. Here we propose instead to measure the importance of a node based on how much a change to its strength will impact the global structure of the network, which we measure in terms of the spectrum of its adjacency matrix. We apply our method to the identification of important nodes in equity transaction networks, and we show that, while it can still be computed from a static network, our measure is a good predictor of nodes subsequently transacting. This implies that static representations of temporal networks can contain information about their dynamics.
Landau Damping Induced Limits in Nanogap Metal-Insulator-Metal Plasmonic Waveguides and Cavities
Creators: name: Rimoli Assumpcao, Daniel
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2019
Subjects: Electrical Engineering
Plasmonics
Landau Damping
Nanophotonics
Quantum Plasmonics

description: Plasmonic structures permit the focusing of light into volumes far below the diffraction limit. In particular Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) gap plasmonic structures can reach nanoscale energy confinement if the gap is sufficiently miniaturized. Under classical models, gap plasmonics can achieve indefinite confinement, down to the single atom level. However, these classical models fail to consider quantum effects that occur as the confinement approaches the single nanometer level. Recently, it has been demonstrated that Landau Damping, the absorption of highly confined plasmonic energy, is the dominant effect in highly confined MIM devices until the tunneling regime is reached. However, the effects of Landau Damping on MIM gap devices are poorly understood. In this work, we analyze the effects of Landau Damping on MIM gap devices, specifically MIM waveguides and cavities. It is found that in waveguides, Landau Damping does not limit the confinement but does limit the maximum propagation length achievable. Moreover, in cavity structures, Landau Damping causes the Quality Factor to drop significantly as the gap is further miniaturized. In terms of quantum optics applications, this causes the radiative spontaneous emission enhancement to actually decrease as the gap is miniaturized sufficiently and a saturation of the coupling-loss ratio limiting the achievement of strong coupling. These effects will limit the possibilities for high performance nanogap plasmonic devices.
Additional file 1 of Establishment and validation of a nomogram based on coagulation parameters to predict the prognosis of pancreatic cancer
Creators: name: Yunpeng, Peng
name: Lingdi, Yin
name: Xiaole, Zhu
name: Dongya, Huang
name: Le, Hu
name: Zipeng, Lu
name: Kai, Zhang
name: Chaoqun, Hou
name: Yi, Miao
name: Feng, Guo
name: Qiang, Li
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Integrating agri-environmental indicators, ecosystem services assessment, life cycle assessment and yield gap analysis to assess the environmental sustainability of agriculture
Creators: name: Bergez, J.-E.
name: Béthinger, A.
name: Bockstaller, C.
name: Cederberg, C.
name: Ceschia, E.
name: Guilpart, N.
name: Lange, S.
name: Müller, F.
name: Reidsma, P.
name: Riviere, C.
name: Schader, C.
name: Therond, O.
name: Van Der Werf, H.M.G.
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Conceptual framework
subject: Environmental issues
subject: Environmental policies
subject: Multi-criteria assessment
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::630 | Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin

description: Agriculture's primary function is the production of food, feed, fibre and fuel for the fast-growing world population. However, it also affects human health and ecosystem integrity. Policymakers make policies in order to avoid harmful impacts. How to assess such policies is a challenge. In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework to help evaluate the impacts of agricultural policies on the environment. Our framework represents the global system as four subsystems and their interactions. These four components are the cells of a 2 by 2 matrix [Agriculture, Rest of the word]; [Socio-eco system, Ecological system]. We then developed a set of indicators for environmental issues and positioned these issues in the framework. To assess these issues, we used four well-known existing approaches: Life Cycle Assessment, Ecosystem Services Analysis, Yield Gap Analysis and Agro-Environmental Indicators. Using these four approaches together provided a more holistic view of the impacts of a given policy on the system. We then applied our framework on existing cover crop policies using an extensive literature survey and analysing the different environmental issues mobilised by the four assessment approaches. This demonstration case shows that our framework may be of help for a full systemic assessment. Despite their differences (aims, scales, standardization, data requirements, etc.), it is possible and profitable to use the four approaches together. This is a significant step forward, though more work is needed to produce a genuinely operational tool. © 2022 The Authors
Lepton flavor violation and scotogenic Majorana neutrino mass in a Stueckelberg $U(1)_X$ model
Creators: name: Chen, Chuan-Hung
name: Chiang, Cheng-Wei
name: Nomura, Takaaki
name: Su, Chun-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a scotogenic Majorana neutrino mass model in a gauged $U(1)_X$ extension of the standard model, where the mass of the gauge boson and the unbroken gauge symmetry, which leads to a stable dark matter (DM), can be achieved through the Stueckelberg mechanism. It is found that the simplest version of the extended model consists of the two inert-Higgs doublets and one vector-like singlet fermion. In addition to the Majorana neutrino mass, we study the lepton flavor violation (LFV) processes, such as $\ell_i \to \ell_j γ$, $\ell_i \to 3 \ell_j$, $μ-e$ conversion rate in nucleus, and muonium-antimuonium oscillation. We show that the sensitivities of $μ\to 3e$ and $μ-e$ conversion rate designed in Mu3e and COMET/Mu2e experiments make both decays the most severe constraints on the $μ\to e$ LFV processes. It is found that $τ\to μγ$ and $τ\to 3μ$ can reach the designed significance level of Belle II. In addition to explaining the DM relic density, we also show that the DM-nucleon scattering cross section can satisfy the currently experimental limit of DM direct detection.
description: 31 pages, 12 figures
The Tensionless Limit of Pure-Ramond-Ramond AdS3/CFT2
Creators: name: Brollo, Alberto
name: Plat, Dennis le
name: Sfondrini, Alessandro
name: Suzuki, Ryo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite impressive advances in the AdS3/CFT2 correspondence, the setup involving Ramond-Ramond backgrounds, which is related to the D1-D5 system of branes, remained relatively poorly understood. We use the Mirror TBA equations recently constructed by Frolov and Sfondrini to study the spectrum of pure Ramond-Ramond $AdS_3\times S^3\times T^4$ strings. We find that the leading-order contribution to the anomalous dimensions at small tension is due to the gapless worldsheet excitations, i.e. to the $T^4$ bosons and their superpartners, whose interactions are nontrivial.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Suárez, Luis, Grandes interpretaciones de la Historia; Lamberti, Jean-Claude, La libertad en la sociedad democrática; Díaz Dominguez, Diego, La última edad; Synge, J. L., Hablando de la relatividad;
Creators: name: Marques, José A.
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 1977

description: Theologica, v. 12 n. 1-4 (1977)
Soliton dynamics in an extended nonlinear Schrodinger equation with a spatial counterpart of the stimulated Raman scattering
Creators: name: Gromov, E. M.
name: Malomed, B. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamics of solitons is considered in the framework of the extended nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE), which is derived from a system of Zakharov's type for the interaction between high- and low-frequency (HF and LF) waves, in which the LF field is subject to diffusive damping. The model may apply to the propagation of HF waves in plasmas. The resulting NLSE includes a pseudo-stimulated-Raman-scattering (PSRS) term, i.e., a spatial-domain counterpart of the SRS term which is well known as an ingredient of the temporal-domain NLSE in optics. Also included is inhomogeneity of the spatial second-order diffraction (SOD). It is shown that the wavenumber downshift of solitons, caused by the PSRS, may be compensated by an upshift provided by the SOD whose coefficient is a linear function of the coordinate. An analytical solution for solitons is obtained in an approximate form. Analytical and numerical results agree well, including the predicted balance between the PSRS and the linearly inhomogeneous SOD.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, J. Plasma Physics (accepted)
Robust nonequilibrium surface currents in the 3D Hofstadter model
Creators: name: Mitchison, Mark T.
name: Rivas, Ángel
name: Martin-Delgado, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Genuinely two-dimensional robust crosscurrents -- which flow against the natural direction of heat flux -- have been missing since the discovery of their one-dimensional counterpart. We provide a setup to realize them on a cubic three-dimensional (3D) lattice hosting a Hofstadter model coupled to two heat baths with different temperatures. We show that these currents exhibit dissipative robustness: they are stable against the presence of impurities and tilting of the gauge field in certain nonequilibrium configurations. Moreover, we find protected boundary currents with genuinely 3D robustness, i.e. they are only stable if tunnelling can occur in all three spatial directions. The model also presents generic surface currents, which are robust for both bosonic and fermionic systems. We identify the underlying qualitative mechanism responsible for the robustness of the surface currents and the crucial role played by certain discrete symmetries.
description: Comments welcome. v1: 7 pages, 5 figures. v2: Final author version
The regulatory role of mine soil properties in the growth of revegetation plants in the post-mine landscape of East Kalimantan
Creators: name: Iskandar, Iskandar
name: Suryaningtyas, Dyah Tjahyandari
name: Baskoro, Dwi Putro Tejo
name: Budi, Sri Wilarso
name: Gozali, Imam
name: Saridi, Saridi
name: Masyhuri, Muhammad
name: Dultz, Stefan
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mine soil quality index
subject: Plant growth
subject: Post-mining landscape
subject: Reclamation
subject: Soil properties
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::630 | Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin

description: The growth of revegetation plants in post-mining areas is determined by the mine soil quality, which strongly depends on the physical and chemical properties of the original soil. Visual observation of revegetation plants in two ex-coal mining areas in East Kalimantan, i.e. Lati and Sambarata sites, showed a clear difference in plants growth. This research aims to study the role of the physical and chemical properties of mine soil on the growth rate of revegetation plants so that it can be used to develop a sustainable ex-mining land reclamation strategy. The observation plots on each ex-mining land were grouped into (0–2), (2–4), (4–6), (6–8), (8–10), and (10–12) years since revegetation. In each group, soil sampling was carried out at a depth of 0–30 cm for analysis of soil physical and chemical properties. Observations were also made on the development of plant growth. The better revegetation plant growth at Sambarata site compared to those at Lati site was indicated by the composition of the stand structure, stem diameter, and plant height. Both sites have a similar texture, which is dominated by silt, and slightly higher bulk densities at Sambarata site compared to those at Lati site. Hence, not soil physical properties but soil chemistry played a regulatory role in the growth of revegetation plants. Here, the exchangeable cations at Sambarata site were dominated by Ca2+ and Mg2+, whereas those at Lati site were dominated by Al3+. Linked with a high base saturation, the pH, organic C, total N, and available P2O5 mine soil quality of the Sambarata site were more favourable for plants growth. Thus, in reclamation activities in post-mining areas, soil quality improvement using lime, rock phosphate, and compost is indispensable to increase soil fertility and establish fast revegetation. © 2022 The Author(s)
Magnetic charges in Supergravity
Creators: name: Tomova, Bilyana L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the dual charges of $\mathcal{N}=1$ supergravity in asymptotically flat space-time. The action considered is the usual supergravity action with a topological contribution. This is the Nieh-Yan term and the magnetic term of the free Rarita-Schwinger field. Through methods of the covariant phase space formalism we construct the charges conjugate to supersymmetry, diffeomorphism and Lorentz transformations. The additional term in the action will lead to new, non-vanishing contributions to these charges. The magnetic diffeomorphism charges are equivalent to the ones previously found for gravity, while the dual supersymmetric charges are new and do not appear for the free Rarita-Schwinger field. The dual Lorentz charges serve to regularize the previous two. We find that the asymptotic symmetry group for supergravity can only include globally well-defined super-rotations.
description: 21 pages
Boundary-semantic collaborative guidance network with dual-stream feedback mechanism for salient object detection in optical remote sensing imagery
Creators: name: Feng, Dejun
name: Chen, Hongyu
name: Liu, Suning
name: Liao, Ziyang
name: Shen, Xingyu
name: Xie, Yakun
name: Zhu, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the increasing application of deep learning in various domains, salient object detection in optical remote sensing images (ORSI-SOD) has attracted significant attention. However, most existing ORSI-SOD methods predominantly rely on local information from low-level features to infer salient boundary cues and supervise them using boundary ground truth, but fail to sufficiently optimize and protect the local information, and almost all approaches ignore the potential advantages offered by the last layer of the decoder to maintain the integrity of saliency maps. To address these issues, we propose a novel method named boundary-semantic collaborative guidance network (BSCGNet) with dual-stream feedback mechanism. First, we propose a boundary protection calibration (BPC) module, which effectively reduces the loss of edge position information during forward propagation and suppresses noise in low-level features without relying on boundary ground truth. Second, based on the BPC module, a dual feature feedback complementary (DFFC) module is proposed, which aggregates boundary-semantic dual features and provides effective feedback to coordinate features across different layers, thereby enhancing cross-scale knowledge communication. Finally, to obtain more complete saliency maps, we consider the uniqueness of the last layer of the decoder for the first time and propose the adaptive feedback refinement (AFR) module, which further refines feature representation and eliminates differences between features through a unique feedback mechanism. Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets demonstrate that BSCGNet exhibits distinct advantages in challenging scenarios and outperforms the 17 state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches proposed in recent years. Codes and results have been released on GitHub: https://github.com/YUHsss/BSCGNet.
description: Accepted by TGRS
Pastor Jimeno, José Carlos, Oftalmologia. Ed. EUNSA (Colección Ciências Médicas). 1 vol. de 125 ps. 180x220. Pamplona. 1976
Creators: name: Marques, José A.
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 1977

description: Theologica, v. 12 n. 1-4 (1977)