cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High intakes of choline and betaine reduce breast cancer mortality in a population-based study
Creators: name: Neugut, A.I.
name: Zeisel, S.H.
name: Xu, X.
name: Chen, J.
name: Teitelbaum, S.L.
name: Bradshaw, P.T.
name: Santella, R.M.
name: Gammon, M.D.
name: Wetmur, J.G.
Publisher: name: FASEB
Year: 2009

description: Choline and betaine provide methyl groups for one-carbon metabolism. Humans obtain these nutrients from a wide range of foods. Betaine can also be synthesized endogenously from its precursor, choline. Although animal studies have implied a causal relationship between choline deficiency and carcinogenesis, the role of these two nutrients in human carcinogenesis and tumor progression is not well understood. We investigated the associations of dietary intakes of choline and betaine and breast cancer risk and mortality in the population-based Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project. Among the 1508 case-group women, 308 (20.2%) deaths occurred, among whom 164 (53.2%) died of breast cancer by December 31, 2005. There was an indication that a higher intake of free choline was associated with reduced risk of breast cancer (P trend=0.04). Higher intakes of betaine, phosphocholine, and free choline were associated with reduced all-cause as well as breast cancerspecific mortality in a dose-dependent fashion. We also explored associations of polymorphisms of three key choline- and betaine-metabolizing genes and breast cancer mortality. The betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase gene (BHMT) rs3733890 polymorphism was associated with reduced breast cancer-specific mortality (hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.42-0.97). Our study supports the important roles of choline and betaine in breast carcinogenesis. It suggests that high intake of these nutrients may be a promising strategy to prevent the development of breast cancer and to reduce its mortality.
Perspectives from the symposium: The Role of Nutrition in Infant and Toddler Brain and Behavioral Development
Creators: name: Rosales, F.J.
name: Zeisel, S.H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: This symposium examined current trends in neuroscience and developmental psychology as they apply to assessing the effects of nutrients on brain and behavioral development of 0-6-year-olds. Although the spectrum of nutrients with brain effects has not changed much in the last 25 years, there has been an explosion in new knowledge about the genetics, structure and function of the brain. This has helped to link the brain mechanistic pathway by which these nutrients act with cognitive functions. A clear example of this is linking of brain structural changes due to hypoglycemia versus hyperglycemia with cognitive functions by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess changes in brain-region volumes in combination with cognitive test of intelligence, memory and processing speed. Another example is the use of event-related potential (ERP) studies to show that infants of diabetic mothers have impairments in memory from birth through 8 months of age that are consistent with alterations in mechanistic pathways of memory observed in animal models of perinatal iron deficiency. However, gaps remain in the understanding of how nutrients and neurotrophic factors interact with each other in optimizing brain development and function.
(502224) Thomas Younger
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Urban Vitality measurement instruments inventory
Creators: name: A.M. Kanis
name: A.S. De Jong
name: Ulzen, N.R. Van
Publisher: name: University of Amsterdam / Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences
Year: 2020
Subjects: Health Sciences

description: A list of measurement instruments used in Urban Vitality research projects regarding frailty and ageing. The list is based on the research protocols of the 14 projects that were examined.
Per instrument a link to https://meetinstrumentenzorg.nl/instrumenten/ is provided (if available).
INNOVATIVE MATERIALS FOR CLIMATE-RESILIENT SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE: A SOCIAL WORK PERSPECTIVE
Creators: name: Jalil, Abdul
name: Syed, Taqwa
name: Ibrar, Muhammad
name: Haq, Najam ul
name: Mateen, Irfan
name: Khan, Mansoor Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Because climate change exacerbates weather extremes and environmental degradation, it has a considerable influence on social infrastructure, including community centers, schools, and healthcare facilities. The performance and viability of novel materials—recycled polymers, bio-based composites, and advanced insulative materials—tailored to improve climate resilience are examined in this study. The study uses a mixed-methods approach to assess the environmental impact, thermal stability, and structural integrity of these materials by combining quantitative material testing with qualitative social science ideas. Key findings show that while sophisticated insulative materials offer higher thermal resistance, bio-based composites and recycled polymers display strong mechanical properties and decreased environmental footprints. The study also looks at the social factors influencing material adoption, and it finds that effective integration requires community involvement and education. In addition, a paradigm that combines material deployment with social work methods is put out to address issues that are social as well as technical. The study emphasizes how crucial sustainable practices and interdisciplinary cooperation are to building community resilience.  To maximize the utilization of climate-resilient materials, future research should concentrate on long-term durability, economic viability, and expanding geographic breadth.
Sex and menopausal status influence human dietary requirements for the nutrient choline
Creators: name: Zeisel, S.H.
name: Kwock, L.
name: Stewart, P.W.
name: Stabler, S.P.
name: Allen, R.H.
name: Lu, T.-S.
name: Fischer, L.M.
name: DaCosta, K.A.
Publisher: name: American Society for Nutrition
Year: 2007

description: Background: Although humans require dietary choline for methyl donation, membrane function, and neurotransmission, choline can also be derived from the de novo synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, which is up-regulated by estrogen. A recommended Adequate Intake (AI) exists for choline; however, an Estimated Average Requirement has not been set because of a lack of sufficient human data. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the dietary requirements for choline in healthy men and women and to investigate the clinical sequelae of choline deficiency. Design: Fifty-seven adult subjects (26 men, 16 premenopausal women, 15 postmenopausal women) were fed a diet containing 550 mg choline · 70 kg-1 · d-1 for 10 d followed by <50 mg choline · 70 kg-1 · d-1 with or without a folic acid supplement (400 μg/d per randomization) for up to 42 d. Subjects who developed organ dysfunction during this diet had normal organ function restored after incremental amounts of choline were added back to the diet. Blood and urine were monitored for signs of toxicity and metabolite concentrations, and liver fat was assessed by using magnetic resonance imaging. Results: When deprived of dietary choline, 77% of men and 80% of postmenopausal women developed fatty liver or muscle damage, whereas only 44% of premenopausal women developed such signs of organ dysfunction. Moreover, 6 men developed these signs while consuming 550mgcholine · 70 kg-1 · d -1, the AI for choline. Folic acid supplementation did not alter the subjects' response. Conclusion: Subject characteristics (eg, menopausal status) modulated the dietary requirement for choline, and a daily intake at the current AI was not sufficient to prevent organ dysfunction in 19 of the subjects.
Biological Activities of Some Algal Extracts from Lebanon; Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Anti-steatotic Effects
Creators: name: EL RASHED, ZEINAB
Publisher: name: Universit� degli studi di Genova
Year: 2021

description: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic manifestation of liver disease, characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Despite starting as a benign disorder, NAFLD can progress to more severe pathologies such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. The epidemiological prevalence of this disease is 25 % of the general population, and its worsening suggests that NAFLD is supposed to be the main cause for liver transplantation. NAFLD pharmacological treatment is still limited by unwanted side effects, whereas the best therapeutical approach is a lifestyle that depends on physical exercises and a healthy diet. The use of natural-derived compounds with therapeutic potential is advisable. Recently, medicinal plants applications have been focused on renewable sources as marine algae, especially seaweeds. Seaweeds are characterized with huge amounts of phytochemicals such as fucoidan (FUC) polysaccharide, which is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and hepatoprotective effects. In the present work, we extracted a water soluble fucoidan fraction from the brown algae Cystoseira compressa, and for the first time from the roots of the terrestrial shrub Ferula hermonis. These fucoidan fraction were termed CYS and FER, respectively. Then together with a previously purified fucoidan from the terrestrial plant Eucalyptus globulus ?EUC? were studied and compared for their chemical features and biological activities. CYS, FER, and EUC contained fucose, glucose, sulfate, smaller amounts of monosaccharides such as galactose and mannose, and a minor quantity of proteins. FUCs structural features were investigated by FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The antioxidant properties of FUCs were measured by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays, results revealed a high radical scavenging capacity that was confirmed in in vitro cellular models. In hepatic and endothelial cells, FUC reduced ROS production induced by intracellular lipid accumulation. Moreover, in our NAFLD model that consists of hepatic and endothelial cells treated with a fatty acid mixture prior to the FUCs treatment, FUCs purified from the three vegetal species exhibited a significant antisteatotic action; being able to reduce intracellular triglyceride content and to regulate the expression of key genes of hepatic lipid metabolism. Altogether, our results candidate CYS, FER, and EUC as possible bioactive compounds against fatty liver disease and related vascular damage. Results indicated that among the purified FUCs, that purified from the terrestrial plant E. globulus was the most biologically active extract.
Coherent Quantum Dynamics: What Fluctuations Can Tell
Creators: name: Schliemann, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent states provide a natural connection of quantum systems to their classical limit and are employed in various fields of physics. Here we derive general systematic expansions, with respect to quantum parameters, of expectation values of products of arbitrary operators within both oscillator coherent states and SU(2) coherent states. In particular, we generally prove that the energy fluctuations of an arbitrary Hamiltonian are in leading order entirely due to the time dependence of the classical variables. These results add to the list of wellknown properties of coherent states and are applied here to the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model, the Dicke model, and to coherent intertwiners in spin networks as considered in Loop Quantum Gravity.
description: 13 pages. Some remarks and references added, typos corrected. Version to appear in Phys. Rev. A
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 195.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 21.08.2010, 07:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2010

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 143.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 29.06.2010, 10:00, erstellt von Andrea Manna
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2010

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Response to: DEA in consumer products is safe [2]
Creators: name: Zeisel, S.H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: We thank Dr. Bailey for providing the perspective of the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association. In our paper we reported that the developing mouse hippocampus was sensitive to dermally administered diethanolamine (DEA) during pregnancy. We used 80 mg/kg/d DEA in these experiments, and we estimated that this exposure was approximately 10-fold higher than likely human exposure. The message of our paper was that, for the first time, DEA was observed to have effects on brain development, and until we know more about this effect it would be prudent for pregnant women to minimize their exposure. Dr. Bailey disputes this, arguing that human skin is less permeable, that the DEA now commonly used in cosmetics is conjugated to a fatty acid, and that humans are not very susceptible to choline deficiency.
(502220) John Younger
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Stay-at-Home Education and Engagement with NOIRLab
Creators: name: Walker, Constance E.
name: Vargas, Carolina
name: Michaud, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: outreach

description: In response to the pandemic and the resulting challenges for parents, teachers, and students, NOIRLab’s Communications, Education and Engagement (CEE) group has initiated a Virtual Programming initiative with a range of resources aimed at stay-at-home learners and the interested public.
description: Issue 1, June 2020
title: Lightning Hazards to Aircraft and Launchers
Creators: name: Laroche, Pierre
name: Soula, S.
name: Delannoy, A.
name: Gondot, P.
name: Kawasaki, Z.
name: Williams, E.
name: Heckman, S.
name: Qie, X.
name: Jiang, R.
name: Blanchet, P.
name: Issac, F.
name: Lalande, P.
name: Mazur, V.
name: Chemartin, L.
name: Peyrou, B.
name: Chazottes, A.
name: Elias, P.Q.
name: Cheron, B.G.
name: Lago, F.
name: Parmantier, J.-P.
name: Gobin, V.
name: Morgan, D.
name: Hardwick, C. J.
name: Haigh, S. J.
name: Meakins, A. J.
name: Bachelier, E.
name: Prost, D.
name: Enjalbert, V.
name: Mohedano, L.
Publisher: name: ONERA
Year: 2012

description: The fifth issue of Aerospace Lab Journal is devoted to the interaction of aircraft,
helicopters and launchers with lightning. A lightning strike to an airliner is a
rather frequent and unavoidable threat. Several papers present the physical properties
of lightning and storms. Experimental and theoretical studies of the direct effects
of lightning on aircraft are described. Indirect electromagnetic effects are also
depicted. The papers strive to enlighten how fundamental knowledge of the physics
of lightning can be applied to assess the reality of lightning threats and to improve
the effectiveness of aircraft certification against lightning.
description: Journal Aerospace Lab, Issue 5, December 2012; ISSN: 2107-6596
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 58.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 14.03.2010, 10:00, erstellt von Andrea Manna
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2010

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
(502222) Helen Murray Younger
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Cancer cachexia syndrome in head and neck cancer patients: Part I. Diagnosis, impact on quality of life and survival, and treatment
Creators: name: George, J.
name: Shores, C.
name: Zanation, A.
name: Lai, V.
name: Guttridge, D.
name: Hayes, D.N.
name: Cannon, T.
name: Zeisel, S.
name: Couch, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Background. Cancer cachexia is a debilitating, wasting condition that affects many cancer patients, including those with head and neck cancer. The overall incidence of cancer cachexia is quite high for some types of cancer, and cachexia will be the main cause of death for more than 20% of all cancer patients. This syndrome uniquely challenges patients with head and neck cancer. This article outlines the diagnosis of cancer cachexia, reviews its impact on patient quality of life (QOL) and survival, and updates the reader on potential therapies that may suppress it. Methods. A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed of the National Library of Medicine, which includes more than 15 million citations back to the 1950s. The Cochrane Library and Google search engine were used as well. Results. This syndrome differs significantly from starvation, and thus accurate and timely diagnosis is essential. Nutritional therapy alone is insufficient. Current management strategies include corticosteroids and megesterol acetate, in conjunction with nutritional therapy. Future strategies may include nutraceuticals, omega-3 fatty acids, inflammatory antagonists, and other targeted treatments. Conclusions. Because cancer cachexia differs significantly from starvation, nutritional supplementation must be used in conjunction with other anti-cachexia agents to reverse the chronic systemic inflammatory state and the effects of circulating tumor-derived factors seen in cachexia. Careful identification of patients at risk and those suffering from this syndrome will lead to better outcomes and treatments. Ultimately, more research is needed to better treat this devastating condition.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 26.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 01.02.2010, 09:15, erstellt von Marco Cagnotti
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2010

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
(502217) Mary Swinburn
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Overview of Lightning Hazards to Aircraft
Creators: name: Laroche, Pierre
Publisher: name: ONERA
Year: 2012

description: Since its early age, civil and military aviation had to face atmospheric
events of unexpected dangerousness. At that time, lightning was certainly
the most unrecognized and misunderstood atmospheric hazard to
aviation. How and where an aircraft is struck by lightning, what the expected
consequences for flight safety are and what damages could be anticipated,
were still open questions at the very beginning of the 1980s. Up until this
period, lightning safety on aircraft was ensured by oversized metallic protection
and by considering the greatest lightning threat known. At the edge of
the modern age of aviation, for which performances and safety were about to
become of paramount importance, this approach was no longer valid. Awareness
of the need for an in-depth knowledge and understanding of the entire
physical aspect of the interaction between lightning and aircraft arose at that
time.
The twelve articles gathered in this special issue are aimed at addressing
the entire aspect of the interaction between aircraft, launchers and lightning,
from the state of the art on storm electrification and lightning phenomenology,
up to the advance lightning zoning method on aircraft and the electromagnetic
topology of the threat.
description: Journal Aerospace Lab, Issue 5, December 2012; ISSN: 2107-6596
Study of Chromatin Organization by Circular Intensity Differential Scattering (CIDS)
Creators: name: MARONGIU, RICCARDO
Publisher: name: Universit� degli studi di Genova
Year: 2021

description: Chromatin is the ensemble of proteins and DNA contained inside the nucleus. The study of its structure (and in particular distinguishing the more compacted heterochromatin areas from the less compacted euchromatin ones) has been of great interest owing to its role in many important processes like cell replication and illness development. While most biophysical imaging methods involve fluorescence microscopy, the introduction of markers requires additional steps and can lead to changes in the fundamental conformation of the observed structures. In my work, I have helped create and utilized a custom Circular Intensity Differential Scattering (CIDS) microscope as a label-free polarization based technique to image chromatin conformation. The CIDS signal is the scattering part of the circular dichroism and it has been shown in the past to be sensitive to chiral structures such as the ones present in chromatin and in particular to their density, radius and pitch. By comparing CIDS imaging with fluorescence imaging of isolated cell nuclei, I have shown differences in CIDS signal that have been attributed to the different density of heterochromatin and euchromatin. Finally, the technique has been improved by the coupling of CIDS imaging with Expansion microscopy in what we have called ExCIDS. Expansion Microscopy allows to artificially increase the optical resolution of a microscope by physically expanding the features of interest. The process also includes a digestion step in which biological matter that is not chromatin is eliminated, decreasing the noise due to spurious scattering and improving signal quality in ExCIDS compared to CIDS microscopy.
The betaine and choline content of a whole wheat flour compared to other mill streams
Creators: name: Madl, R.L.
name: Craig, S.A.S.
name: Likes, R.
name: Zeisel, S.H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Diets that contain high levels of whole grains have been associated with a reduced risk of several chronic diseases (Marquart et al., 2002). A whole grain, as defined by AACC International, should consist of the bran, germ and endosperm in the same proportions as found in nature (AACC, 1999). Whole grains are an important source of dietary fiber, resistant starch, vitamins, minerals and other bioactive nutrients that can play a role in protecting against chronic disease (Slavin, 2003). One of these nutrients is betaine (also known as trimethyl glycine or glycine betaine), an osmolyte and methyl donor shown to protect internal organs and improve vascular risk factors (Craig, 2004). As an osmolyte, it helps protect a variety of cells from osmotic stress. Betaine also plays an important role in cell biochemistry, donating a methyl group to homocysteine to produce methionine and ultimately S-adenosyl-methionine. Betaine accumulates in many plants under stress from drought, high salinity or low temperature. Cereal plants with betaine accumulation include wheat, barley and rye; those with little or no accumulation include rice, millet and sorghum (Kishitani et al., 1994).
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 109.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 21.05.2010, 08:00, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2010

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
(502219) Agnes Younger
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Chemical probes to probe the metabolism of fungicides
Creators: name: Mooij, Wouter Johannes
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: A study to elucidate a mechanism of fungicide resistance in Zymoseptoria tritici is reported. Resistance to the fenpropimorph has historically been ascribed to efflux of the fungicide. In Z. tritici, however, a metabolic resistance to fenpropimorph is observed that results in fungicide detoxification. In an effort to discover the potential cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for this resistance, various chemical probes were synthesised and evaluated in relevant biological systems. Whilst the chemical probes were validated in rat liver microsomes, no evidence of cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism was found in Z. tritici. An initial strategy to synthesise the natural product cordigol was developed and is also reported. With this synthetic strategy, inspired by the group’s recently published synthesis of lophirone H, the core scaffold of cordigol could be constructed. The oxonium-Prins reaction used construct this core scaffold was found to be reversible and cis-selective by virtue of a previously unknown isomerisation. The scaffold was further functionalised and late stage intermediates were obtained. Therefore, the first total synthesis of cordigol appears to be within reach.
People with fatty liver are more likely to have the PEMT rs7946 SNP, yet populations with the mutant allele do not have fatty liver [2]
Creators: name: Zeisel, S.H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: We reported that individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver were significantly more likely to have a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene encoding for phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT). This SNP (rs7946, +5465 G → A) leads to a V175M substitution and is a loss of function mutation (1). Drs. Romeo, Cohen, and Hobbs conducted an interesting study further investigating our observation. They asked whether individuals with the mutant allele (A) were more likely to have fatty liver, and concluded that this is not the case.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 153.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 09.07.2010, 07:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2010

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
title: Electrical Environment in a Storm Cloud
Creators: name: Soula, S.
Publisher: name: ONERA
Year: 2012

description: This article gives an overview of the electrical characteristics of the thundercloud
and the predominant mechanisms that are at the origin. The specific cloud that can
produce lightning is described and the parameters that control its development and its
organization are discussed. According to the variety of the scales of time and space
associated with the mechanisms that occur within the thundercloud, it is difficult to
simulate them both experimentally and numerically. Thus, the advances in the knowledge
of the thunderstorm electricity have been sometimes relatively slow and have
raised a lot of debates. Furthermore, in-situ observation remains difficult because of
the hostility of the thundercloud medium for instrumentation, sensors, aircraft or other
carriers of sensors. The responses to the questions in the domain of thundercloud
electricity can sometimes remain speculative. However, recent detection techniques
and laboratory experiments allow a better knowledge of the cloud electrical environment
to be obtained. All aspects about lightning flashes and electrical discharges will
be covered by other contributions in this issue.
description: Journal Aerospace Lab, Issue 5, December 2012; ISSN: 2107-6596
Control of free-ranging automated guided vehicles in container terminals
Creators: name: Seo, Jung-Yong
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Container terminal automation has come to the fore during the last 20 years to improve their efficiency. Whereas a high level of automation has already been achieved in vertical handling operations (stacking cranes), horizontal container transport still has disincentives to the adoption of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) due to a high degree of operational complexity of vehicles. This feature has led to the employment of simple AGV control techniques while hindering the vehicles to utilise their maximum operational capability. In AGV dispatching, vehicles cannot amend ongoing delivery assignments although they have yet to receive the corresponding containers. Therefore, better AGV allocation plans would be discarded that can only be achieved by task reassignment. Also, because of the adoption of predetermined guide paths, AGVs are forced to deploy a highly limited range of their movement abilities while increasing required travel distances for handling container delivery jobs. To handle the two main issues, an AGV dispatching model and a fleet trajectory planning algorithm are proposed. The dispatcher achieves job assignment flexibility by allowing AGVs towards to container origins to abandon their current duty and receive new tasks. The trajectory planner advances Dubins curves to suggest diverse optional paths per origin-destination pair. It also amends vehicular acceleration rates for resolving conflicts between AGVs. In both of the models, the framework of simulated annealing was applied to resolve inherent time complexity. To test and evaluate the sophisticated AGV control models for vehicle dispatching and fleet trajectory planning, a bespoke simulation model is also proposed. A series of simulation tests were performed based on a real container terminal with several performance indicators, and it is identified that the presented dispatcher outperforms conventional vehicle dispatching heuristics in AGV arrival delay time and setup travel time, and the fleet trajectory planner can suggest shorter paths than the corresponding Manhattan distances, especially with fewer AGVs.
The nutritional phenotype in the age of metabolomics
Creators: name: Freake, H.C.
name: German, J.B.
name: Zeisel, S.H.
name: Rasmussen, K.M.
name: Bier, D.M.
name: Pelto, G.H.
name: Bauman, D.E.
name: Marquis, G.S.
name: Klein, S.
name: Burrin, D.G.
name: Milner, J.A.
Publisher: name: American Institute of Nutrition
Year: 2005

description: The concept of the nutritional phenotype is proposed as a defined and integrated set of genetic, proteomic, metabolomic, functional, and behavioral factors that, when measured, form the basis for assessment of human nutritional status. The nutritional phenotype integrates the effects of diet on disease/wellness and is the quantitative indication of the paths by which genes and environment exert their effects on health. Advances in technology and in fundamental biological knowledge make it possible to define and measure the nutritional phenotype accurately in a cross section of individuals with various states of health and disease. This growing base of data and knowledge could serve as a resource for all scientific disciplines involved in human health. Nutritional sciences should be a prime mover in making key decisions that include: what environmental inputs (in addition to diet) are needed; what genes/proteins/metabolites should be measured; what end-point phenotypes should be included; and what informatics tools are available to ask nutritionally relevant questions. Nutrition should be the major discipline establishing how the elements of the nutritional phenotype vary as a function of diet. Nutritional sciences should also be instrumental in linking the elements that are responsive to diet with the functional outcomes in organisms that derive from them. As the first step in this initiative, a prioritized list of genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic as well as functional and behavioral measures that defines a practically useful subset of the nutritional phenotype for use in clinical and epidemiological investigations must be developed. From this list, analytic platforms must then be identified that are capable of delivering highly quantitative data on these endpoints. This conceptualization of a nutritional phenotype provides a concrete form and substance to the recognized future of nutritional sciences as a field addressing diet, integrated metabolism, and health.
(502216) Sir Cuthbert Shafto
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Impact of antibiotics and dietary fibre on gut bacterial diversity: an in vitro approach
Creators: name: Johnson, Laura Patricia
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: The gut microbiota carries out many roles essential for health. Various factors can affect the structure and function of the gut flora. Antibiotics can perturb the microbial composition, which can negatively affect functioning. Diet can also impact the gut bacterial composition, and can have both positive and negative effects. Therefore, there is a growing interest in therapeutic manipulation of the gut microbiome, and dietary intervention via prebiotics represents an attractive option. However, an important yet often overlooked driver of gut bacterial communities is the impact of ecological and evolutionary dynamics on the whole ecosystem. We require a greater understanding of species interactions and their role within the gut bacterial community. Here, I use in vitro methods to explore the effects of diet and antibiotics on the gut microbiota, whilst considering the impact of ecology and evolution. I investigated the effects of antibiotics on whole faecal communities, and explored the role of prebiotics in restoration of the bacterial community after antibiotic use. I found that in some cases, prebiotics can counteract the negative effects of antibiotics, both taxonomically and metabolically. I also explored the long-term effects of prebiotic supplementation with inulin on the composition and metabolic profile of whole faecal communities using a chemostat model, and found that prebiotic driven changes resulted in an increase of beneficial genera. Cultures recovered over a period of several weeks from an initial decline in concentrations of key metabolites. I was interested to see whether bacterial communities adapted to the high inulin environment over time, so metagenome sequencing was carried out to assess any genetic changes that occurred after long-term supplementation with inulin. I detected nucleotide changes associated with carbohydrate fermentation, demonstrating potential adaptation to better utilise inulin. Finally, to look at species interactions more closely, I created simplified artificial communities which consisted of a subset of key gut bacterial species. I looked at specific interactions between species in response to long-term inulin supplementation, and found interesting cases of cross-feeding between species species against a background of generally negative species interactions consistent with competition for shared resources. My research aims to understand more about ecological and evolutionary dynamics of the gut microbiota, in general and in response to prebiotics. Such knowledge can help to optimise dietary intervention strategies to better human health.
Special Lagrangian torus fibrations of complete intersection Calabi-Yau manifolds: a geometric conjecture
Creators: name: Morrison, David R.
name: Plesser, M. Ronen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For complete intersection Calabi-Yau manifolds in toric varieties, Gross and Haase-Zharkov have given a conjectural combinatorial description of the special Lagrangian torus fibrations whose existence was predicted by Strominger, Yau and Zaslow. We present a geometric version of this construction, generalizing an earlier conjecture of the first author.
description: 23 pagers, 10 figures
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 159.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 15.07.2010, 07:45, erstellt von Marco Cagnotti
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2010

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
title: Airborne Measurements of the Charge of Precipitating Particles Related to Radar Reflectivity and Temperature within two Different Convective Clouds
Creators: name: Delannoy, A.
name: Gondot, P.
Publisher: name: ONERA
Year: 2012

description: Simultaneous ground based radar reflectivity measurements and airborne electric
parameters (electrostatic field and charged particles) are presented. They are used
to investigate the charging processes acting in convective cells. Within the two thunderclouds
presented in this work, both signs are found on large hydrometeors. It is
shown that negative particle charging exists at high levels in classical vertically developed
cells. There is some evidence that positive charging of precipitating particles is
occurring in the lower parts of the clouds.
description: Journal Aerospace Lab, Issue 5, December 2012; ISSN: 2107-6596
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 96.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 05.05.2010, 08:45, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2010

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Bioengineering and biomechanical approaches for pancreatic cancer
Creators: name: Lieberthal, Tyler J.
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Pancreatic cancer is the fourth-leading cause of cancer related mortality and is predicted to be the second leading cause of cancer death by 2030. A hallmark feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is dense fibrotic stroma surrounding the tumor, composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells such as myofibroblasts. The properties of this stroma and functional contribution to carcinogenesis and disease progression has been the subject of intense focus in the past decade; yet, the role of mechanobiology in modulating the phenotype of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment remains to be elucidated. Although a lack of understanding PDAC etiology and progression limits effective treatments that can be deployed by clinicians, current methods of diagnosing PDAC likely are insufficient even if such treatments exist, especially if there is a narrow early window for drug efficacy. Recently, however, extracellular vesicles have emerged as powerful circulating blood biomarkers, thus paving the way for a new era of non-invasive cancer diagnostics. However, currently the process of extracellular vesicle isolation and detection is not only highly inefficient, but also technically challenging. This thesis describes bioengineering tools and biomechanical investigations of pancreatic cancer. In Chapter 2, the biomechanical phenotype of macrophages is studied in context of a stromal modulation agent, the chemotherapeutic drug tamoxifen. Tamoxifen was found to regulate macrophage focal adhesion dynamics, cytoskeletal activity, migratory behavior, and expression of TLR4. In Chapter 3, a novel microfluidic device was modeled and built to determine cell adhesion strength with potential applications to investigate regulation of focal adhesion structure by candidate drugs. Chapter 4 describes the development of methods and devices for isolation and detection of extracellular vesicles using acoustophoresis and a graphene field effect transistor, respectively. Such tools and perspectives could serve to detect PDAC earlier as well as identify and test new therapies.