cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Many-body open quantum systems beyond Lindblad master equations
Creators: name: Xu, Xiansong
name: Thingna, Juzar
name: Guo, Chu
name: Poletti, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many-body quantum systems present a rich phenomenology which can be significantly altered when they are in contact with an environment. In order to study such setups, a number of approximations are usually performed, either concerning the system, the environment, or both. A typical approach for large quantum interacting systems is to use master equations which are local, Markovian, and in Lindblad form. Here, we present an implementation of the Redfield master equation using matrix product states and operators. We show that this allows us to explore parameter regimes of the many-body quantum system and the environment which could not be probed with previous approaches based on local Lindblad master equations. We also show the validity of our results by comparing with the numerical exact thermofield-based chain-mapping approach.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures; comparison with thermofield-based chain-mapping approach added; appendices (3 pages, 6 figures) on the thermofield-based chain-mapping approach and numerical errors added
Recent Star Formation in Sextans A
Creators: name: Van Dyk, Schuyler D.
name: Puche, Daniel
name: Wong, Tony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relationship between the spatial distributions of stellar populations and of neutral and ionized gas in the Local Group dwarf irregular galaxy Sextans A. This galaxy is currently experiencing a burst of localized star formation, the trigger of which is unknown. We have resolved various populations of stars via deep UBV(RI)_C imaging over an area with diameter \sim 5.'3. We have compared our photometry with theoretical isochrones appropriate for Sextans A, in order to determine the ages of these populations. We have mapped out the history of star formation, most accurately for times \lesssim 100 Myr. We find that star formation in Sextans A is correlated both in time and space, especially for the most recent (\lesssim 12 Myr) times. The youngest stars in the galaxy are forming primarily along the inner edge of the large H I shell. Somewhat older populations, \lesssim 50 Myr, are found inward of the youngest stars. Progressively older star formation, from \sim 50--100 Myr, appears to have some spatially coherent structure and is more centrally concentrated. The oldest stars we can accurately sample appear to have approximately a uniform spatial distribution, which extends beyond a surface brightness of μ_B \simeq 25.9 mag arcsec^{-2} (or, a radius r \simeq 2.'3$). Although other processes are also possible, our data provides support for a mechanism of supernova-driven expansion of the neutral gas, resulting in cold gas pileup and compression along the H I shell and sequential star formation in recent times.
description: 64 pages, 22 figures, to appear in AJ
Bos Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Bos

description: Bos [gen. nov.]
Cornua concava, antrorsum versa, lunata, laevia.
Dentes Primores inferiores VIII.
Laniarii nulli.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 71, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Code + data
Creators: name: Ossewaarde, Roelant
name: Jonkers, Roel
name: Bastiaanse, Roelien
name: Jalvingh, Fedor
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 200402 Computational Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Building up a graph (instead of a syntactic tree) and analysis by R
Looking for the gluon condensation signature in proton using the Earth limb gamma-ray spectra
Creators: name: Feng, Lei
name: Ruan, Jianhong
name: Wang, Fan
name: Zhu, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new type of gamma ray spectrum is predicted in a general hadronic framework if considering the gluon condensation effects in proton. The result presents the power-law with a sharp break in the gamma ray spectra at the TeV-band. We suggest to probe this GC-signature in the Earth limb gamma-ray spectra using the DArk Matter Particle Explorer and the CALorimetric Electron Telescope on orbit.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Bos
Bos taurus

description: Bos taurus [spec. nov.]
B. cornibus teretibus extrorsum curvatis, palearibus laxis. Faun. svec. 44. Syst. nat. 15. n. 1.
Bos. Gesn. quadr. 25. Aldr. bisulc. 13. t. 36. Jonst. quadr. t. 14. Raj. quadr. 70.
Urus. Caesar bell. gall. VI. c. 5.
Habitat in Poloniae depressis graminosis ferus Urus.
Mugiens boansque Bos: Tauro, Vacca, Vitulo, homini utilissimus pro agris laetificandis, colendis sub jugo; pollet carne, lacte, caseo, butyro, sebo, corio; infestatur Oestris, Tabanis, Cynipe, Ricino, Pediculis; laeditur a Cicuta, Aconito, Anemone. Vitulus tendinosus brevioris aevi singularis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 71, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Принципи адміністративно-правового регулювання забезпечення економічної безпеки у контексті Стратегії національної безпеки України
Creators: name: Kovaliv, Myroslav
name: Yesimov, Serhii
name: Kurilin, Ivan
name: Hladun, Volodymyr
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Ковалів М. В., Єсімов С. С., Курилін І. Р., Гладун В. Р. (2018). Принципи адміністративно-правового регулювання забезпечення економічної безпеки у контексті Стратегії національної безпеки України. Право та науки, № 1, 28–33.
A search for x-ray counterparts of gamma-ray bursts with the ROSAT PSPC
Creators: name: Vikhlinin, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We search for faint X-ray bursts with duration 10--300 seconds in the ROSAT PSPC pointed observations with a total exposure of 1.6e7 seconds. We do not detect any events shorter than ~100s, i.e. those that could be related to the classic gamma-ray bursts. At the same time, we detect a number of long flares with durations of several hundred seconds. Most, but not all, of the long flares are associated with stars. If even a small number of those long flares, that cannot identified with stars, are X-ray afterglows of GRB, the number of X-ray afterglows greatly exceeds the number of BATSE GRB. This would imply that the beaming factor of gamma-rays from the burst should be >100. The non-detection of any short bursts in our data constrains the GRB counts at the fluences 1--2.5 orders of magnitude below the BATSE limit. The constrained burst counts are consistent with the extrapolation of the BATSE log N - log S relation. Finally, our results do not confirm a reality of short X-ray flashes found in the Einstein IPC data by Gotthelf, Hamilton and Helfand.
description: Accepted to ApJ Letters. 4 pages with 3 figures, LaTeX2e
Simple probability distributions on a Fock-space lattice
Creators: name: Welsh, Staszek
name: Logan, David E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider some aspects of a standard model employed in studies of many-body localization: interacting spinless fermions with quenched disorder, for non-zero filling fraction, here on $d$-dimensional lattices. The model may be recast as an equivalent tight-binding model on a `Fock-space (FS) lattice' with an extensive local connectivity. In the thermodynamic limit exact results are obtained for the distributions of local FS coordination numbers, FS site-energies, and the density of many-body states. All such distributions are well captured by exact diagonalization on the modest system sizes amenable to numerics. Care is however required in choosing the appropriate variance for the eigenvalue distribution, which has implications for reliable identification of mobility edges.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures. Published version
Implications of SCUBA observations for the Planck Surveyor
Creators: name: Scott, Douglas
name: White, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the implications for the Planck Surveyor of the recent sub-millimetre number counts obtained using the SCUBA camera. Since it observes at the same frequency as one of the higher frequency science channels on Planck, SCUBA can provide constraints on the point-source contribution to the CMB angular power spectrum, which require no extrapolation in frequency. We have calculated the two-point function of these sub-millimetre sources, using a Poisson model normalized to the observed counts. While the current data are uncertain, under reasonable assumptions the point-source contribution to the anisotropy is comparable to the noise in the 353GHz channel. The clustering of these sources is currently unknown, however if they cluster like the z~3 Lyman-break galaxies their signal would be larger than the primary anisotropy signal on scales smaller than about 10 arcmin. We expect the intensity of these sources to decrease for wavelengths longward of 850 microns. At the next lowest Planck frequency, 217GHz, the contribution from both the clustered and Poisson terms are dramatically reduced. Hence we do not expect these sources to seriously affect Planck's main science goal, the determination of the primordial anisotropy power spectrum. Rather, the potential determination of the distribution of sub-mm sources is a further piece of cosmology that Planck may be able to tackle.
description: 7 pages, including 6 figures, LaTeX2e, using macro aa.cls, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics, minor changes to match published version, including corrections to some figures
title: BC Studies: The British Columbian Quarterly, No 203: Autumn 2019
title: Autumn 2019
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: BC Studies: The British Columbian Quarterly
Publisher: name: BC Studies: The British Columbian Quarterly
Year: 2019

description: To purchase a print copy of this issue, visit our website.
description: Artist Statement...5 Core Principles...7-10 The Legacy of Bob McDonald...11-19 'Most of Today's Teen-agers Laugh about God': Youth, Secularization, and the Sixties in British Columbia...21-52 ‘Girl strikers’ and the 1918 Vancouver Steam Laundries Dispute...53-81 Mali Quelqueltalko: The Writings of a Nineteenth-Century Nlaka’pamux Woman...83-109 Balloon Bombs, the Alaska Highway, and Influenza: Tsek'ehne Perspectives on the 1943 Flu Epidemic...111-130 The Cruise of the Steel Steamer: SS Beaver on the Lower Fraser River Route, 1898-1926...131-146 Book and Film Reviews...147-166 Bibliography of British Columbia...167-171 Contributors...173-174
title: Exposure to Carbon Ions Triggers Proinflammatory Signals and Changes in Homeostasis and Epidermal Tissue Organization to a Similar Extent as Photons
Creators: name: Simoniello, Palma
name: Wiedemann, Julia
name: Zink, Joana
name: Thoennes, Eva
name: Stange, Maike
name: Layer, Paul G.
name: Kovacs, Maximilian
name: Podda, Maurizio
name: Durante, Marco
name: Fournier, Claudia
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2024

description: The increasing application of charged particles in radiotherapy requires a deeper understanding of early and late side effects occurring in skin, which is exposed in all radiation treatments. We measured cellular and molecular changes related to the early inflammatory response of human skin irradiated with carbon ions, in particular cell death induction and changes in differentiation and proliferation of epidermal cells during the first days after exposure. Model systems for human skin from healthy donors of different complexity, i.e., keratinocytes, coculture of skin cells, 3D skin equivalents, and skin explants, were used to investigate the alterations induced by carbon ions (spread-out Bragg peak, dose-averaged LET 100 keV/μm) in comparison to X-ray and UV-B exposure. After exposure to ionizing radiation, in none of the model systems, apoptosis/necrosis was observed. Carbon ions triggered inflammatory signaling and accelerated differentiation of keratinocytes to a similar extent as X-rays at the same doses. High doses of carbon ions were more effective than X-rays in reducing proliferation and inducing abnormal differentiation. In contrast, changes identified following low-dose exposure (≤0.5 Gy) were induced more effectively after X-ray exposure, i.e., enhanced proliferation and change in the polarity of basal cells.
title: 02_0388
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Hungarian Peacekeepers in Africa and a Hungarian Perspective on the UN Mission in Mozambique
Creators: name: János, Besenyő
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 160604 Defence Studies
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The significance of the NATO/EU a n d U N m i s s i o n s i n t h e l i f e of Hungarian Defence Forces is well known. Most of the people know that 1 000 officers, non-commissioned officers and soldiers can serve abroad at the same time. There is a training centre in Szolnok, where applicants can prepare for international service, yet, there still can be noticed some deficiencies as far as training is concerned. Although there is a huge number of experienced people from various missions, there a
Anisotropy of the Microwave Sky at 90 GHz: Results from Python II
Creators: name: Ruhl, J. E.
name: Dragovan, M.
name: Platt, S. R.
name: Kovac, J.
name: Novak, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on additional observations of degree scale anisotropy at 90~GHz from the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica. Observations during the first season with the Python instrument yielded a statistically significant sky signal; in this paper we report the confirmation of that signal with data taken in the second year, and on results from an interleaving set of fields.
description: 10 pages, plus 2 figures. Postscript and uufiles versions available via anonymous ftp at ftp://astro.uchicago.edu/pub/astro/ruhl/pyII
Spatial Poisson processes for fatigue crack initiation
Creators: name: Babuska, Ivo
name: Sawlan, Zaid
name: Scavino, Marco
name: Szabó, Barna
name: Tempone, Raúl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 62N05, 74B05, 62M30, 60G55, 62N01, 62M05, 62P30

description: In this work we propose a stochastic model for estimating the occurrence of crack initiations on the surface of metallic specimens in fatigue problems that can be applied to a general class of geometries. The stochastic model is based on spatial Poisson processes with intensity function that combines stress-life (S-N) curves with averaged effective stress, $σ_{\mathrm{eff}}^Δ (\mathbf{x})$, which is computed after solving numerically the linear elasticity equations on the specimen domains using finite element methods. Here, $Δ$ is a parameter that characterizes the size of the neighbors covering the domain boundary. The averaged effective stress, parameterized by $Δ$, maps the stress tensor to a scalar field upon the specimen domain. Data from fatigue experiments on notched and unnotched sheet specimens of 75S-T6 aluminum alloys are used to calibrate the model parameters for the individual data sets and for their combination. Bayesian and classical approaches are applied to estimate the survival-probability function for any specimen tested under a prescribed fatigue experimental setup. Our proposed model can predict the initiation of cracks in specimens made from the same material with new geometries.
A Magyar Honvédség afrikai szerepvállalása, a kultúrantropológusok lehetséges szerepe a műveletek során
Creators: name: János, Besenyő
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 160604 Defence Studies
subject: FOS: Political science

description: the role of the Athropology in the military missions in Africa
SEQUENTIAL NONLINEAR ESTIMATION WITH NONAUGMENTED PRIORS
Creators: name: Kalaba, Robert
name: Tesfatsion, Leigh
name: Kalaba, Robert
name: Tesfatsion, Leigh
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: How might the basic compatibility of theory and observations be tested for nonlinear dynamic processes without imposing arbitrary stochastic restrictions on the process state variables? The present paper proposes a "flexible least cost" approach. For each possible estimated state sequence x, let CD (x) and cm(x) denote the costs incurred for deviations away from the prior dynamic and measurement specifications, respectively. The greatest lower bound for the set of cost vectors (cD(x), cm(x)) associated with all possible estimated state sequences x gives the locus oT minimal attainable dynamic and measurement costs. The estimated state sequences which attain the "cost-efficiency frontier" indicate the possible ways the actual process could have developed over time in a manner minimally incompatible with the prior dynamic and measurement specifications. An algorithm is developed for the exact sequential updating of the least-cost state estimates as the duration of the process increases and additional observations are obtained.
Grain Destruction in Interstellar Shocks
Creators: name: Draine, B. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interstellar shock waves can erode and destroy grains present in the shocked gas, primarily as the result of sputtering and grain-grain collisions. Uncertainties in current estimates of sputtering yields are reviewed. Results are presented for the simple case of sputtering of fast grains being stopped in cold gas. An upper limit is derived for sputtering of refractory grains in C-type MHD shocks: shock speeds $v_s \gtrsim 50 \kms$ are required for return of more than 30\% of the silicate to the gas phase. Sputtering can also be important for removing molecular ice mantles from grains in two-fluid MHD shock waves in molecular gas. Recent estimates of refractory grain lifetimes against destruction in shock waves are summarized, and the implications of these short lifetimes are discussed.
description: To appear in Shocks in Astrophysics, ed. T.J. Millar. Talk given at conference Shocks in Astrophysics, Manchester, Jan. 1995. 13 pages with 6 figures: uuencoded compressed postscript. Also available as POPe-633 on http://astro.princeton.edu/~library/prep.html
Bos bonasus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Bos
Bos bonasus

description: Bos bonasus [spec. nov.]
B. cornibus in se flexis, juba longissima. Syst. nat. 15. n. 2.
Bonasus. Raj. quadr. 71. Jonst. quadr. t. 18. f. 1.
Habitat in Africa, Asia.
Defendit se stercore, ad aliquot passus dejecto, comburente.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 71, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Diophantine Stability via Coherence Windows: A Study of Pell's Equation
Creators: name: Fernandes, Ricardo Miguel Machado
Publisher: name: Ricardo Miguel Machado Fernandes
Year: 2025
Subjects: Diophantine Equations
Pell's Equation
Coherence Windows
Number Theory
Minimal Solutions
Stability and Chaos
Integer Solutions

description: This work introduces the notion of Coherence Windows in Diophantine stability theory, suggesting that certain ranges of discriminants DDD yield unusually small minimal solutions to Pell’s equation x2−Dy2=1x^2 - Dy^2 = 1x2−Dy2=1, while others yield chaotic large solutions. Computational analysis up to D=500D = 500D=500 supports this hypothesis. This structural lens could influence future models of solvability and complexity in Diophantine equations and algebraic number theory.
Nrg4 and Gpr120 signalling in brown fat
Creators: name: Okolo, Anthony
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy, whereas white adipose tissue (WAT) is an energy storage site. The worldwide increase in obesity and its associated metabolic complications represents a growing challenge for health care systems. With the recent demonstration of significant deposits of adult human BAT, and that WAT is dynamic and can gain BAT characteristics, there is therefore a possibility for manipulative control of energy homeostasis via the induction of specific genes to enhance BAT levels. Nrg4 and Gpr120 are two genes we identified to be highly expressed in BAT and regulated in a temperature-dependent manner. Nrg4 is a member of the Neuregulin family that activates the ErbB-4 (HER4) tyrosine kinase receptor. Nrg4 was secreted from brown adipocytes and promoted neurite outgrowth, a function that may improve BAT thermogenesis by enhancing sympathetic innervation. Gpr120 is a member of the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors that is activated by long chain fatty acids. Although Gpr120 is known to mediate anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects in humans and mice, its role in BAT is unknown. In order to identify the signalling pathways and downstream functions activated by this receptor in brown adipocytes, distinct known and novel Gpr120 ligands, GW9508, TUG891 and TUG1096, were employed. These ligands increased expression of genes associated with glucose and fatty acid metabolism and reduced inflammatory gene markers. All of these effects were reversed in Gpr120 knockout cells. However, the levels of gene expression varied considerably with each ligand. Although Gpr120 is a known Gαq/11-coupled receptor in other cell systems, these distinct ligands exhibited various degrees of bias towards Gαq/11 and distinct signalling pathways. These findings could provide insight into the requirements for Gpr120 function in BAT, the exploitation of which could generate ligands for therapeutic benefit and represents a promising opportunity to develop safer and more efficacious drugs.
An Unexpectedly Small Emission Region Size Inferred from Strong High-Frequency Diffractive Scintillation in GRB 161219B
Creators: name: Alexander, Kate D.
name: Laskar, Tanmoy
name: Berger, Edo
name: Johnson, Michael D.
name: Williams, Peter K. G.
name: Dichiara, Simone
name: Fong, Wen-fai
name: Gomboc, Andreja
name: Kobayashi, Shiho
name: Margutti, Raffaella
name: Mundell, Carole G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array radio observations of the long gamma-ray burst GRB 161219B ($z=0.147$) spanning $1-37$ GHz. The data exhibit unusual behavior, including sharp spectral peaks and minutes-timescale large-amplitude variability centered at $20$ GHz and spanning the full frequency range. We attribute this behavior to scattering of the radio emission by the turbulent ionized Galactic interstellar medium (ISM), including both diffractive and refractive scintillation. However, the scintillation is much stronger than predicted by a model of the Galactic electron density distribution (NE2001); from the measured variability timescale and decorrelation bandwidth we infer a scattering measure of $SM\approx {(8-70)\times 10^{-4}}$ kpc m$^{-20/3}$ (up to ${25}$ times larger than predicted in NE2001) and a scattering screen distance of $d_{\rm scr}\approx {0.2-3}$ kpc. We infer an emission region size of $θ_s \approx {0.9-4}$ $μ$as ($\approx {(1-4)}\times 10^{16}$ cm) at $\approx4$ days, and find that prior to 8 days the source size is an order of magnitude smaller than model predictions for a uniformly illuminated disk or limb-brightened ring, indicating a slightly off-axis viewing angle or significant substructure in the emission region. Simultaneous multi-hour broadband radio observations of future GRB afterglows will allow us to characterize the scintillation more completely, and hence to probe the observer viewing angle, the evolution of the jet Lorentz factor, the structure of the afterglow emission regions, and ISM turbulence at high Galactic latitudes.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. Accepted to ApJ. The data used to create Figures 2-6 is available with the published article, or by request to kate.alexander@northwestern.edu
GRBs and SGRs as precessing gamma jets
Creators: name: Fargion, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The GRB980425-SN1998bw association put in severe strain and contradiction the simplest "candle" fireball model for GRBs. We probed that statistically the association is reliable, the energy luminosity and probability puzzles between cosmic and near by GRBs find a solution within a precessing gamma jet model either for GRBs and SGRs. The expected repetitivity for GRB 980425 has been already, probably, observed on GRB980712.
description: 18 pages, Latex
Bos bison Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Bos
Bos bison

description: Bos bison [spec. nov.]
B. cornibus divaricatis, juba longissima, dorso gibboso. Syst. nat. 15. n. 3.
Bison. Raj. quadr. 71. Gesn. quadr. 296. Jonst. quadr. t. 17. f. 2.
Bison americanus. Catesb. carol. 3. p. 20.
Taurus mexicanus. Hern. mex. 587. Gesn. quadr. 301.
Habitat in Mexico, Florida.
Collum & Pectus undique ursi instar hirsuta.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 72, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Non-Equilibrium Photodissociation Regions: Ionization-Dissociation Fronts
Creators: name: Bertoldi, Frank
name: Draine, B. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the theory of coupled ionization--dissociation fronts produced when molecular clouds are exposed to $λ< 1110$Å radiation from hot stars. A steady, composite structure is developed, which generally includes an ionized outflow away from the cloud, an ionization front, a layer of photodissociated gas, a photodissociation front, and a shock wave preceding the photodissociation front. We show that the properties of the structure are determined by two dimensionless parameters, $ψ$ and $δ$, and by the Alfvén speed in the preshock gas. For a broad range of parameters of interest, the ionization front and the hydrogen photodissociation front do not separate, the H$_2$ photodissociation and photoionization take place together, and a classical hydrogen ``photodissociation region'' (PDR) does not exist. We also show that even when a distinct photodissociation region exists, in many cases the dissociation front propagates too rapidly for the usual stationary models of PDRs to be applicable. We discuss several famous PDRs, e.g., in M17 and Orion and conclude that they cannot be described by equilibrium PDR models.
description: Ap. J., in press 31 pages with 8 figures: uuencoded compressed postscript. Also available as POPe-634 on http://astro.princeton.edu/~library/prep.html
Surface plasmon emission and dynamics in active planar media
Creators: name: Page, Adam Freddie
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: By reducing the number of dimensions that light can propagate in from three to two, control over the properties of propagation can be achieved. The plasmonic modes of planar metal-dielectric heterostructures will confine light in one dimension, enhancing the electromagnetic fields within the structure. This thesis focuses on two particular aspects of active nanoplasmonics in planar systems, stopped light lasing and plasmons with gain in nonequilibrium graphene. For stopped-light lasing, a plasmonic waveguide mode is designed to have two points of zero group velocity in a narrow frequency range, in order to increase the local density of optical states that a gain medium can emit into. The two stopped light points form a band of slow light that supports a wide range of wavevectors, allowing localisation over a sub-wavelength gain medium and providing the feedback required for lasing. This results in a new type of laser that does not rely on predefined cavity modes, in fact is cavity-free in 2D, dynamically forming its lasing mode about a locally pumped region of carrier inversion. Graphene, a single-atom thick semimetal, provides the ultimate miniaturisation as a truly 2D material. It is shown that graphene can support plasmons with gain, under realistic conditions of collision loss, temperature, doping, and carrier relaxation via amplified spontaneous emission. This is made possible by developing a scheme to evaluate polarisabilities for nonequilibrium carrier distributions, allowing the calculation of the exact RPA complex-frequency plasmon dispersion solutions. The rates of spontaneous emission are calculated and are critically dependant on the exact dispersion relation. The instantaneous rates are found to be 5 times faster than previously reported and, when coupled with phonons, lead to carrier relaxations on 100 fs timescales. The polarisability and relaxation rates must form the basis of any active graphene device, where electromagnetic energy is coupled to an evolving electronic system.
Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy and dissipation in driven classical Hamiltonian systems
Creators: name: Capela, Matheus
name: Sanz, Mikel
name: Solano, Enrique
name: Céleri, Lucas C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A central concept in the connection between physics and information theory is entropy, which represents the amount of information extracted from the system by the observer performing measurements in an experiment. Indeed, Jaynes' principle of maximum entropy allows to establish the connection between entropy in statistical mechanics and information entropy. In this sense, the dissipated energy in a classical Hamiltonian process, known as the thermodynamic entropy production, is connected to the relative entropy between the forward and backward probability densities. Recently, it was revealed that energetic inefficiency and model inefficiency, defined as the difference in mutual information that the system state shares with the future and past environmental variables, are equivalent concepts in Markovian processes. As a consequence, the question about a possible connection between model unpredictability and energetic inefficiency in the framework of classical physics emerges. Here, we address this question by connecting the concepts of random behavior of a classical Hamiltonian system, the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, with its energetic inefficiency, the dissipated work. This approach allows us to provide meaningful interpretations of information concepts in terms of thermodynamic quantities.
Instructions to the Commissioners for the River Avon, c.1675
Creators: name: Gadd, Stephen
name: Newman, Sue
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 210305 British History
subject: FOS: History and archaeology

description: Transcribed from a notebook held in the Hampshire County Record Office, 9M73/701. It seems to have been among the papers of the Salisbury lawyer, James Harris (1605-79), who was one of the men responsible for collecting subscriptions in the city for the promotion of the Avon Navigation in July 1675. On 16 September 1675, the River Avon Commissioners, exercising the role formerly performed by Sewer Commissioners, ordered the opening of the weirs in the river. When these orders were put into execution in January 1676, the Corporation received reports that the workmen were threatened with legal action, and let it be known that the Corporation would put up bail and indemnify any workmen who might be arrested: Wiltshire & Swindon History Centre G23/1/4, ff.212v,217r,218r.
The targum (1961:Feb. 1 - 1961:Feb. 28)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1961

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
The RR Lyrae Distance Scale
Creators: name: Popowski, Piotr
name: Gould, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review seven methods of measuring the absolute magnitude M_V of RR Lyrae stars in light of the Hipparcos mission and other recent developments. We focus on identifying possible systematic errors and rank the methods by relative immunity to such errors. For the three most robust methods, statistical parallax, trigonometric parallax, and cluster kinematics, we find M_V (at [Fe/H] = -1.6) of 0.77 +/- 0.13, 0.71 +/- 0.15, 0.67 +/- 0.10. These methods cluster consistently around 0.71 +/- 0.07. We find that Baade-Wesselink and theoretical models both yield a broad range of possible values (0.45-0.70 and 0.45-0.65) due to systematic uncertainties in the temperature scale and input physics. Main-sequence fitting gives a much brighter M_V = 0.45 +/- 0.04 but this may be due to a difference in the metallicity scales of the cluster giants and the calibrating subdwarfs. White-dwarf cooling-sequence fitting gives 0.67 +/- 0.13 and is potentially very robust, but at present is too new to be fully tested for systematics. If the three most robust methods are combined with Walker's mean measurement for 6 LMC clusters, V_{0,LMC} = 18.98 +/- 0.03 at [Fe/H] = -1.9, then mu_{LMC} = 18.33 +/- 0.08.
description: Invited review article to appear in: `Post-Hipparcos Cosmic Candles', A. Heck & F. Caputo (Eds), Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht, in press. 21 pages including 1 table; uses Kluwer's crckapb.sty LaTeX style file, enclosed
A Framework to Integrate Mode Choice in the Design of Mobility-on-Demand Systems
Creators: name: Liu, Yang
name: Bansal, Prateek
name: Daziano, Ricardo
name: Samaranayake, Samitha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mobility-on-Demand (MoD) systems are generally designed and analyzed for a fixed and exogenous demand, but such frameworks fail to answer questions about the impact of these services on the urban transportation system, such as the effect of induced demand and the implications for transit ridership. In this study, we propose a unified framework to design, optimize and analyze MoD operations within a multimodal transportation system where the demand for a travel mode is a function of its level of service. An application of Bayesian optimization (BO) to derive the optimal supply-side MoD parameters (e.g., fleet size and fare) is also illustrated. The proposed framework is calibrated using the taxi demand data in Manhattan, New York. Travel demand is served by public transit and MoD services of varying passenger capacities (1, 4 and 10), and passengers are predicted to choose travel modes according to a mode choice model. This choice model is estimated using stated preference data collected in New York City. The convergence of the multimodal supply-demand system and the superiority of the BO-based optimization method over earlier approaches are established through numerical experiments. We finally consider a policy intervention where the government imposes a tax on the ride-hailing service and illustrate how the proposed framework can quantify the pros and cons of such policies for different stakeholders.
description: 31 pages, 11 figures. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Kolmogorov superposition theorem and its applications
Creators: name: Liu, Xing
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Hilbert’s 13th problem asked whether every continuous multivariate function can be written as superposition of continuous functions of 2 variables. Kolmogorov and Arnold show that every continuous multivariate function can be represented as superposition of continuous univariate functions and addition in a universal form and thus solved the problem positively. In Kolmogorov’s representation, only one univariate function (the outer function) depends on and all the other univariate functions (inner functions) are independent of the multivariate function to be represented. This greatly inspired research on representation and superposition of functions using Kolmogorov’s superposition theorem (KST). However, the numeric applications and theoretic development of KST is considerably limited due to the lack of smoothness of the univariate functions in the representation. Therefore, we investigate the properties of the outer and inner functions in detail. We show that the outer function for a given multivariate function is not unique, does not preserve the positivity of the multivariate function and has a largely degraded modulus of continuity. The structure of the set of inner functions only depends on the number of variables of the multivariate function. We show that inner functions constructed in Kolmogorov’s representation for continuous functions of a fixed number of variables can be reused by extension or projection to represent continuous functions of a different number of variables. After an investigation of the functions in KST, we combine KST with Fourier transform and write a formula regarding the change of the outer functions under different inner functions for a given multivariate function. KST is also applied to estimate the optimal cost between measures in high dimension by the optimal cost between measures in low dimension. Furthermore, we apply KST to image encryption and show that the maximal error can be obtained in the encryption schemes we suggested.
Requirements for Investigating the Connection Between Lyman Alpha Absorption Clouds and the Large-Scale Distribution of Galaxies
Creators: name: Sarajedini, Vicki L.
name: Green, Richard F.
name: Jannuzi, Buell T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the requirements on observational data that would allow an accurate determination of the degree of association between Lyman alpha absorbers and peaks in the redshift distribution of galaxies (large-scale structures like clusters of galaxies). We compare simulated distributions of low-redshift Lyman alpha absorption systems, constrained to be consistent with the distribution observed with HST, with the large-scale distribution of galaxies determined from pencil-beam redshift surveys. We estimate the amount of observational data required from catalogues of Lyman alpha absorbers and galaxies to allow a statistically significant test of the association of absorbers with large-scale structures of galaxies. We find that for each line-of-sight observed for Lyman alpha absorption lines (assuming that the entire redshift range out to z=0.4 is observable), redshifts must be obtained for at least 18 galaxies brighter than Mb=-18 and having redshifts between 0.2 and 0.4. Based on the redshift surveys used in this study, a search radius of 10' from the quasar line-of-sight is required. This will ensure that all peaks in the galaxy redshift distribution are represented by at least one galaxy in the observed sample. If Lyman alpha absorbers are intrinsically uncorrelated with galaxies, we find that 8 lines-of-sight must be observed to show that the distributions are different at the 95% confidence level. However, if a fraction of the Lyman alpha absorbers are distributed with the peaks in the galaxy distribution, 38 lines-of-sight must be mapped for the distribution of both Lyman alpha absorbers and galaxies in order to determine the fraction of absorbers distributed with the peaks of the galaxy distribution to an accuracy of 10%.
description: 17 pages LaTeX file, plus 6 uuencoded compressed .eps figures to be printed seperately, to appear in Feb. 1, 1996 ApJ
Structural biology of bacterial functional amyloid formation
Creators: name: Hawthorne, William
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Amyloids are proteinaceous aggregates best known for their role in degenerative diseases involving protein misfolding. Research into amyloid has intensified in recent times due to its prominence in many debilitating human diseases and limited understanding of the causes. The discovery of functional amyloids in a broad range of species has enhanced our understanding of amyloid, of these the curli system of E. coli has been extensively studied, in this system CsgC was identified as a potent inhibitor of amyloid. An additional protein was discovered in some curli operons in other species termed CsgH and warrants further study. A morphologically similar but genetically distinct bacterial functional amyloid system was identified in Pseudomonas encoded by the fapABCDEF operon and termed amyloid-like fibres (Alf). The study of functional amyloid has the potential to provide insights into how amyloid can be controlled. The aims of this thesis were to investigate the novel functional amyloid system of Pseudomonas with a view to structural and functional characterisation of the individual components. The structure and function of the CsgH protein were also studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and the ThioflavinT (ThT) amyloid fibrillation assay. Constructs were produced for all the Alf proteins and the more structured components, FapD and FapF, were optimised to produce constructs for structural study. The structure of CsgH was solved successfully using NMR and showed that the protein shared a similar tertiary structure to CsgC. The function of the CsgH was shown to be similar to CsgC inhibiting amyloid formation by CsgA at substoichiometric concentrations. Mutagenesis, ThT assay and NMR were used to show that CsgH and CsgA interact and that several charged residues have an important role in function. It was also interesting to note that CsgH was capable of inhibiting amyloid formation by the FapC amyloid protein of Pseudomonas.
Synchrotron Self Absorption in GRB Afterglow
Creators: name: Granot, Jonathan
name: Piran, Tsvi
name: Sari, Re'em
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: GRB afterglow is reasonably described by synchrotron emission from relativistic blast waves at cosmological distances. We perform detailed calculations taking into account the effect of synchrotron self absorption. We consider emission from the whole region behind the shock front, and use the Blandford McKee self similar solution to describe the fluid behind the shock. We calculate the spectra and the observed image of a GRB afterglow near the self absorption frequency $ν_a$ and derive an accurate expression for $ν_a$. We show that the image is rather homogeneous for $ν
description: 19 page latex file including 6 figures and 1 table
Presentation of the Cyprus National Chapter at the CoARA National Chapters Exchange Forum 2024
Creators: name: Demetriades, Marios
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Slides presented at the CoARA National Chapters Exchange Forum 2024.  A description of the event is available here: https://coara.eu/news/building-a-stronger-network-coara-national-chapters-convene-for-a-first-exchange-forum/.