cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Evidence that financial markets are efficient sometimes and inefficient most of the times
Creators: name: Fahmy, Hany
Publisher: name: Rimini Conference in Economics and Finance
Year: 2016
Subjects: Financial market
Market efficiency

description: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
description: The issue of market efficiency attracted the attention of academicians since the existence of financial markets. Over time, two schools of thoughts were established: the efficient markets school and the behavioral finance school. Proponents of the former believed in the Efficient Markets Hypothesis whereas the latter brought evidence from psychology neurosciences to demonstrate the irrationality of investors in making financial decisions. Recently, an adaptive hypothesis was suggested. This paper proves mathematically the existence of this adaptability process and tests empirically its validity. The results support the adaptability process, namely that markets are indeed efficient sometimes and inefficient most of the time. Keywords: Efficient Markets Hypothesis, Behavioral Finance, Adaptive Markets Hypothesis, Smooth transition regression models, Threshold models, regime switching models, Financial Markets, Irrationality, S&P500, Market-to-Book ratio.
A novel mutation in the cystic fibrosis gene in patients with pulmonary disease but normal sweat chloride concentrations
Creators: name: Boat, T.E.
name: Silverman, L.M.
name: Spock, A.
name: Knowles, M.R.
name: Quittell, L.
name: Highsmith, W.E.
name: Gorvoy, J.D.
name: Friedman, K.J.
name: Olsen, J.C.
name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Zhou, Z.
name: Burch, L.H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: Many patients with chronic pulmonary disease similar to that seen in cystic fibrosis have normal (or nondiagnostic) sweat chloride values. It has been difficult to make the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in these patients because no associated mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene has been identified. We evaluated 23 patients with pulmonary disease characteristic of cystic fibrosis but with sweat chloride concentrations in the normal range. Mutations in the CFTR gene were sought by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified nasal epithelial messenger RNA and by testing the functioning of affected epithelium. A cytidine phosphate guanosine dinucleotide C-to-T point mutation in intron 19 of the CFTR gene, termed 3849+10 kb C to T, was identified in 13 patients from eight unrelated families. This mutation was found in patients from three different ethnic groups with three different extended haplotypes. The mutation leads to the creation of a partially active splice site in intron 19 and to the insertion into most CFTR transcripts of a new 84-base-pair “exon,” containing an in-frame stop codon, between exons 19 and 20. Normally spliced transcripts were also detected at a level approximately 8 percent of that found in normal subjects. This mutation is associated with abnormal nasal epithelial and sweat acinar epithelial function. We have identified a point mutation in intron 19 of CFTR and abnormal epithelial function in patients who have cystic fibrosis-like lung disease but normal sweat chloride values. The identification of this mutation indicates that this syndrome is a form of cystic fibrosis. Screening for the mutation should prove diagnostically useful in this population of patients.
title: Surgery or not surgery ...that’s the question. Hepatic adenoma vs focal nodular hyperplasia. Radiology differences and role of hepatobiliary contrasts.
Creators: name: Pesquera Muñoz, Alvaro
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: MR-Angiography
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Management
subject: Liver

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To know about the most common liver tumors in young women and their peculiarities. To know how to differenciate both lesions by ultrasound, CT and MRI non-enhanced and enhanced especially in late phase...
Manipulating the Majorana Qubit with the Landau-Zener-Stückelberg Interference
Creators: name: Huang, Wen-Chao
name: Liang, Qi-Feng
name: Yao, Dao-Xin
name: Wang, Zhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Constructing a universal operation scheme for Majorana qubits remains a central issue for the topological quantum computation. We study the Landau-Zener-Stückelberg interference in a Majorana qubit and show that this interference can be used to achieve controllable operations. The Majorana qubit consists of an rf SQUID with a topological nanowire Josephson junction which hosts Majorana bound states. In the SQUID, a magnetic flux pulse can drive the quantum evolution of the Majorana qubit. The qubit experiences two Landau-Zener transitions when the amplitude of the pulse is tuned around the superconducting flux quanta $2e/\hbar$. The Landau-Zener-Stückelberg interference between the two transitions rotates the Majorana qubit, with the angle controlled by the time scale of the pulse. This rotation operation implements a high-speed single-qubit gate on the Majorana qubit, which is a necessary ingredient for the topological quantum computation.
Increased airway iron parameters and risk for exacerbation in COPD: an analysis from SPIROMICS
Creators: name: Zhang, W.Z.
name: Kim, K.
name: Curtis, J.L.
name: Woodruff, P.G.
name: Kaner, R.J.
name: Ballman, K.V.
name: Han, M.K.
name: Freeman, C.M.
name: Barjaktarevic, I.
name: Crystal, R.G.
name: Hansel, N.N.
name: Peters, S.P.
name: Butler, J.J.
name: Putcha, N.
name: O'Beirne, S.
name: Doerschuk, C.
name: Oromendia, C.
name: Kikkers, S.A.
name: Paine, R., III
name: Cloonan, S.M.
name: Criner, G.J.
name: Bowler, R.P.
name: Wells, J.M.
name: O'Neal, W.K.
name: Comellas, A.P.
name: Christenson, S.A.
name: Martinez, F.J.
name: Cooper, C.B.
Publisher: name: Nature Research
Year: 2020

description: Levels of iron and iron-related proteins including ferritin are higher in the lung tissue and lavage fluid of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), when compared to healthy controls. Whether more iron in the extracellular milieu of the lung associates with distinct clinical phenotypes of COPD, including increased exacerbation susceptibility, is unknown. We measured iron and ferritin levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of participants enrolled in the SubPopulations and InteRmediate Outcome Measures In COPD (SPIROMICS) bronchoscopy sub-study (n = 195). BALF Iron parameters were compared to systemic markers of iron availability and tested for association with FEV1 % predicted and exacerbation frequency. Exacerbations were modelled using a zero-inflated negative binomial model using age, sex, smoking, and FEV1 % predicted as clinical covariates. BALF iron and ferritin were higher in participants with COPD and in smokers without COPD when compared to non-smoker control participants but did not correlate with systemic iron markers. BALF ferritin and iron were elevated in participants who had COPD exacerbations, with a 2-fold increase in BALF ferritin and iron conveying a 24% and 2-fold increase in exacerbation risk, respectively. Similar associations were not observed with plasma ferritin. Increased airway iron levels may be representative of a distinct pathobiological phenomenon that results in more frequent COPD exacerbation events, contributing to disease progression in these individuals.
Non-parametric causal inference for bivariate time series
Creators: name: McCracken, James M.
name: Weigel, Robert S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce new quantities for exploratory causal inference between bivariate time series. The quantities, called penchants and leanings, are computationally straightforward to apply, follow directly from assumptions of probabilistic causality, do not depend on any assumed models for the time series generating process, and do not rely on any embedding procedures; these features may provide a clearer interpretation of the results than those from existing time series causality tools. The penchant and leaning are computed based on a structured method for computing probabilities.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures; added some notes to address various reviewer comments
title: Pneumocystis jirovecci pneumonia: from mild disease to a real disaster. A pictorial review of the different radiologic patterns in acute settings
Creators: name: Fuentealba, Andrea
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Trauma
subject: Infection
subject: AIDS
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: CT
subject: Thorax
subject: Emergency

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: After reviewing this educational exhibit you will be able to: Recognise the radiological patterns in chest x ray and chest CT Learn the typical and atypical presentation of Pneumocystis jirovecci pneumonia (PJP) in Chest CT Propose a differential...
(101761) Georgiana Saunders
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Classical and Magical MR Imaging signs of Spinal pathology Revisited
Creators: name: Vadapalli, Ram Mohan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Pathology
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology spine

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Learning objectives -Enlist all the classical signs of Imaging of non neoplastic cord disease --Elucidate the imaging signs and their patho physiological correlates with emphasis on differential...
Quantization of BMS$_3$ orbits: a perturbative approach
Creators: name: Garbarz, Alan
name: Leston, Mauricio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute characters of the BMS group in three dimensions. The approach is the same as that performed by Witten in the case of coadjoint orbits of the Virasoro group in the eighties, within the large central charge approximation. The procedure involves finding a Poisson bracket between classical variables and the corresponding commutator of observables in a Hilbert space, explaining why we call this a quantization. We provide first a pedagogical warm up by applying the method to both SL(2,R) and Poincaré3 groups. As for BMS3, our results coincide with the characters of induced representations recently studied in the literature. Moreover, we relate the 'coadjoint representations' to the induced representations.
description: 17 pages. v2: references added. v3: minor changes and published in Nucelar Physics B
Predictions for Boson-Jet Observables and Fragmentation Function Ratios from a Hybrid Strong/Weak Coupling Model for Jet Quenching
Creators: name: Casalderrey-Solana, Jorge
name: Gulhan, Doga Can
name: Milhano, José Guilherme
name: Pablos, Daniel
name: Rajagopal, Krishna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have previously introduced a hybrid strong/weak coupling model for jet quenching in heavy ion collisions that describes the production and fragmentation of jets at weak coupling, using PYTHIA, and describes the rate at which each parton in the jet shower loses energy as it propagates through the strongly coupled plasma, dE/dx, using an expression computed holographically at strong coupling. The model has a single free parameter that we fit to a single experimental measurement. We then confront our model with experimental data on many other jet observables, focusing here on boson-jet observables, finding that it provides a good description of present jet data. Next, we provide the predictions of our hybrid model for many measurements to come, including those for inclusive jet, dijet, photon-jet and Z-jet observables in heavy ion collisions with energy $\sqrt{s}=5.02$ ATeV coming soon at the LHC. As the statistical uncertainties on near-future measurements of photon-jet observables are expected to be much smaller than those in present data, with about an order of magnitude more photon-jet events expected, predictions for these observables are particularly important. We find that most of our pre- and post-dictions do not depend sensitively on the form we choose for the rate of energy loss dE/dx of the partons in the shower. This gives our predictions considerable robustness. To better discriminate between possible forms for the rate of energy loss, though, we must turn to intrajet observables. Here, we focus on ratios of fragmentation functions. We close with a suggestion for a particular ratio, between the fragmentation functions of inclusive and associated jets with the same kinematics in the same collisions, which is particularly sensitive to the x- and E-dependence of dE/dx, and hence may be used to learn which mechanism of parton energy loss best describes the quenching of jets.
description: 59 pages, 24 figures. v2: minor changes, typos corrected and references added
Effects of IFN-γ on immune cell kinetics during the resolution of acute lung injury
Creators: name: Hagan, R.S.
name: Dial, C.F.
name: Doerschuk, C.M.
name: Torres-Castillo, J.
name: Mock, J.R.
name: Tune, M.K.
Publisher: name: American Physiological Society
Year: 2020

description: The immunologic responses that occur early in the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) elicit immune-mediated damage. The mechanisms underlying the resolution of ARDS, particularly the role of signaling molecules in regulating immune cell kinetics, remain important questions. Th1-mediated responses can contribute to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) orchestrates early inflammatory events, enhancing immune-mediated damage. The current study investigated IFN-γ during resolution in several experimental models of ALI. The absence of IFN-γ resulted in altered kinetics of lymphocyte and macrophage responses, suggesting that IFN-γ present in this microenvironment is influential in ALI resolution. Genetic deficiency of IFN-γ or administering neutralizing IFN-γ antibodies accelerated the pace of resolution. Neutralizing IFN-γ decreased the numbers of interstitial and inflammatory macrophages and increased alveolar macrophage numbers during resolution. Our results underline the complexity of lung injury resolution and provide insight into the effects through which altered IFN-γ concentrations affect immune cell kinetics and the rate of resolution. These findings suggest that therapies that spatially or temporally control IFN-γ signaling may promote ALI resolution. Identifying and elucidating the mechanisms critical to ALI resolution will allow the development of therapeutic approaches to minimize collateral tissue damage without adversely altering the response to injury.
Exploring the properties of milliarcsecond radio sources
Creators: name: Cao, Shuo
name: Biesiada, Marek
name: Zheng, Xiaogang
name: Zhu, Zong-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological applications of the "redshift - angular size" test require knowledge of the linear size of the "standard rod" used. In this paper, we study the properties of a large sample of 140 milliarcsecond compact radio sources with flux densities measured at 6 cm and 20 cm, compiled by Gurvits et al.(1999). Using the best-fitted cosmological parameters given by Planck/WMAP9 observations, we investigate the characteristic length $l_m$ as well as its dependence on the source luminosity $L$ and redshift $l_m=l L^β(1+z)^n$. For the full sample, measurements of the angular size $θ$ provide a tight constraint on the linear size parameters. We find that cosmological evolution of the linear size is small ($|n|\simeq 10^{-2}$) and consistent with previous analysis. However, a substantial evolution of linear sizes with luminosity is still required ($β\simeq 0.17$). Furthermore, similar analysis done on sub-samples defined by different source optical counterparts and different redshift ranges, seems to support the scheme of treating radio galaxies and quasars with distinct strategies. Finally, a cosmological-model-independent method is discussed to probe the properties of angular size of milliarcsecond radio quasars. Using the corrected redshift - angular size relation for quasar sample, we obtained a value of the matter density parameter, $Ω_m=0.292^{+0.065}_{-0.090}$, in the spatially flat $Λ$CDM cosmology.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
The Classical-Quantum Channel with Random State Parameters Known to the Sender
Creators: name: Boche, Holger
name: Cai, Ning
name: Nötzel, Janis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study an analog of the well-known Gel'fand Pinsker Channel which uses quantum states for the transmission of the data. We consider the case where both the sender's inputs to the channel and the channel states are to be taken from a finite set (cq-channel with state information at the sender). We distinguish between causal and non-causal channel state information at the sender. The receiver remains ignorant, throughout. We give a single-letter description of the capacity in the first case. In the second case we present two different regularized expressions for the capacity. It is an astonishing and unexpected result of our work that a simple change from causal to non-causal channel state information at the encoder causes the complexity of a numerical computation of the capacity formula to change from trivial to seemingly difficult. Still, even the non-single letter formula allows one to draw nontrivial conclusions, for example regarding continuity of the capacity with respect to changes in the system parameters. The direct parts of both coding theorems are based on a special class of POVMs which are derived from orthogonal projections onto certain representations of the symmetric groups. This approach supports a reasoning that is inspired by the classical method of types. In combination with the non-commutative union bound these POVMs yield an elegant method of proof for the direct part of the coding theorem in the first case.
description: 26 pages, no figures. Many typos corrected. More details added to the proofs. Added proof for the direct part of capacity theorem for causal encoding
Strengthened Monotonicity of Relative Entropy via Pinched Petz Recovery Map
Creators: name: Sutter, David
name: Tomamichel, Marco
name: Harrow, Aram W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum relative entropy between two states satisfies a monotonicity property meaning that applying the same quantum channel to both states can never increase their relative entropy. It is known that this inequality is only tight when there is a "recovery map" that exactly reverses the effects of the quantum channel on both states. In this paper we strengthen this inequality by showing that the difference of relative entropies is bounded below by the measured relative entropy between the first state and a recovered state from its processed version. The recovery map is a convex combination of rotated Petz recovery maps and perfectly reverses the quantum channel on the second state. As a special case we reproduce recent lower bounds on the conditional mutual information such as the one proved in [Fawzi and Renner, Commun. Math. Phys., 2015]. Our proof only relies on elementary properties of pinching maps and the operator logarithm.
description: v3: minor changes, published version. v2: 11 pages, proof of the main result simplified (see Lemma 3.12), setting generalized, new upper bound added (see Proposition 3.8)
(101763) James Carr Saunders
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(101758) Joshua Saunders
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(101759) Mary Magdalene Morris
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Is there a difference of bone mass density among women who live in urban and rural areas?- A comperative study
Creators: name: Haxhi, Sulejman
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Osteoporosis
subject: Metabolic disorders
subject: Education
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Absorptiometry / Bone densitometry
subject: Radiographers
subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: Bones

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To assess the bone mineral density (BMD L1-L4 ) in women who live in rural and urban areas. To evaluate the range of occurrence of osteoporosis among women living in the region of Tirana /Albania in comparison to other population. Background...
Antenna enhanced graphene THz emitter and detector
Creators: name: Tong, Jiayue
name: Muthee, Martin
name: Chen, Shao-Yu
name: Yngvesson, Sigfrid K.
name: Yan, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent intense electrical and optical studies of graphene have pushed the material to the forefront of optoelectronic research. Of particular interest is the few terahertz (THz) frequency regime where efficient light sources and highly sensitive detectors are very challenging to make. Here we present THz sources and detectors made with graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) enhanced by a double-patch antenna and an on-chip silicon lens. We report the first experimental observation of 1-3 THz radiation from graphene, as well as four orders of magnitude performance improvements in a GFET thermoelectric detector operating at ~2 THz. The quantitative analysis of the emitting power and its unusual charge density dependence indicate significant non-thermal contribution from the GFET. The polarization resolved detection measurements with different illumination geometries allow for detailed and quantitative analysis of various factors that contribute to the overall detector performance. Our experimental results represent a significant advance towards practically useful graphene THz devices.
(101760) Mary Magdalene Saunders
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Imaging after pancreatic surgery: normal postoperative findings, early and late complications with emphasis on CT imaging
Creators: name: Chincarini, Marco
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Pancreas
subject: CT
subject: Surgery
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Fistula

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1. To review the main types of pancreatic surgery in relation to different kinds of pathology. 2. To discuss the normal findings after pancreatic surgery. 3. To review the main complications and their radiological...
Bilayer fractional quantum Hall states with ultracold dysprosium
Creators: name: Yao, Norman Y.
name: Bennett, Steven D.
name: Laumann, Chris R.
name: Lev, Benjamin L.
name: Gorshkov, Alexey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how dipolar interactions between dysprosium atoms in an optical lattice can be used to obtain fractional quantum Hall states. In our approach, dysprosium atoms are trapped one atom per site in a deep optical lattice with negligible tunneling. Microwave and spatially dependent optical dressing fields are used to define an effective spin-1/2 or spin-1 degree of freedom in each atom. Thinking of spin-1/2 particles as hardcore bosons, dipole-dipole interactions give rise to boson hopping, topological flat bands with Chern number 1, and the ν= 1/2 Laughlin state. Thinking of spin-1 particles as two-component hardcore bosons, dipole-dipole interactions again give rise to boson hopping, topological flat bands with Chern number 2, and the bilayer Halperin (2,2,1) state. By adjusting the optical fields, we find a phase diagram, in which the (2,2,1) state competes with superfluidity. Generalizations to solid-state magnetic dipoles are discussed.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Clinical significance of bronchodilator responsiveness evaluated by forced vital capacity in COPD: SPIROMICS cohort analysis
Creators: name: Criner, G.
name: Christenson, S.A.
name: Kim, V.
name: Bowler, R.
name: Paine, R., III
name: Kaner, R.J.
name: Kanner, R.E.
name: Hu, S.
name: Hansel, N.
name: Anderson, W.
name: Krishnan, J.A.
name: NHLBI SubPopulations InteRmediate Outcome Measures In COPD Study (SPIROMICS)
name: Wells, J.M.
name: Tashkin, D.P.
name: Ortega, V.E.
name: Dransfield, M.T.
name: Hoffman, E.A.
name: Doerschuk, C.M.
name: Han, M.K.
name: O'neal, W.K.
name: Wang, X.
name: Cooper, C.B.
name: Woodruff, P.G.
name: Pirozzi, C.S.
name: Ronish, B.
name: Peters, S.P.
name: Martinez, F.J.
name: Curtis, J.L.
name: Bhakta, N.R.
name: Buhr, R.G.
name: Arjomandi, M.
name: Bhatt, S.P.
name: Drummond, M.B.
name: Couper, D.
name: Barjaktarevic, I.Z.
Publisher: name: Dove Medical Press Ltd.
Year: 2019

description: Objective: Bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR) is prevalent in COPD, but its clinical implications remain unclear. We explored the significance of BDR, defined by post-bronchodilator change in FEV1 (BDRFEV1) as a measure reflecting the change in flow and in FVC (BDRFVC)reflecting the change in volume. Methods: We analyzed 2974 participants from a multicenter observational study designed to identify varying COPD phenotypes (SPIROMICS). We evaluated the association of BDR with baseline clinical characteristics, rate of prospective exacerbations and mortality using negative binomial regression and Cox proportional hazards models. Results: A majority of COPD participants exhibited BDR (52.7%). BDRFEV1 occurred more often in earlier stages of COPD, while BDRFVC occurred more frequently in more advanced disease. When defined by increases in either FEV1 or FVC, BDR was associated with a self-reported history of asthma, but not with blood eosinophil counts. BDRFVC was more prevalent in subjects with greater emphysema and small airway disease on CT. In a univariate analysis, BDRFVC was associated with increased exacerbations and mortality, although no significance was found in a model adjusted for post-bronchodilator FEV1. Conclusion: With advanced airflow obstruction in COPD, BDRFVC is more prevalent in comparison to BDRFEV1 and correlates with the extent of emphysema and degree of small airway disease. Since these associations appear to be related to the impairment of FEV1,BDRFVC itself does not define a distinct phenotype nor can it be more predictive of outcomes, but it can offer additional insights into the pathophysiologic mechanism in advanced COPD. Clinical trials registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01969344T4.
(101757) John Howard Stooke
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Dynamic changes in lung responses after single and repeated exposures to cigarette smoke in mice
Creators: name: Dang, H.
name: Monk, J.N.
name: Engle, M.L.
name: Martin, J.R.
name: Jania, C.M.
name: Doerschuk, C.M.
name: Gomez, J.C.
name: Parker, J.S.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2019

description: Cigarette smoke is well recognized to cause injury to the airways and the alveolar walls over time. This injury usually requires many years of exposure, suggesting that the lungs may rapidly develop responses that initially protect it from this repetitive injury. Our studies tested the hypotheses that smoke induces an inflammatory response and changes in mRNA profiles that are dependent on sex and the health status of the lung, and that the response of the lungs to smoke differs after 1 day compared to 5 days of exposure. Male and female wildtype (WT) and Scnn1b-transgenic (βENaC) mice, which have chronic bronchitis and emphysematous changes due to dehydrated mucus, were exposed to cigarette smoke or sham air conditions for 1 or 5 days. The inflammatory response and gene expression profiles were analyzed in lung tissue. Overall, the inflammatory response to cigarette smoke was mild, and changes in mediators were more numerous after 1 than 5 days. βENaC mice had more airspace leukocytes than WT mice, and smoke exposure resulted in additional significant alterations. Many genes and gene sets responded similarly at 1 and 5 days: genes involved in oxidative stress responses were upregulated while immune response genes were downregulated. However, certain genes and biological processes were regulated differently after 1 compared to 5 days. Extracellular matrix biology genes and gene sets were upregulated after 1 day but downregulated by 5 days of smoke compared to sham exposure. There was no difference in the transcriptional response to smoke between WT and βENaC mice or between male and female mice at either 1 or 5 days. Taken together, these studies suggest that the lungs rapidly alter gene expression after only one exposure to cigarette smoke, with few additional changes after four additional days of repeated exposure. These changes may contribute to preventing lung damage.
Robustness Analysis of Preconditioned Successive Projection Algorithm for General Form of Separable NMF Problem
Creators: name: Mizutani, Tomohiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The successive projection algorithm (SPA) has been known to work well for separable nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) problems arising in applications, such as topic extraction from documents and endmember detection in hyperspectral images. One of the reasons is in that the algorithm is robust to noise. Gillis and Vavasis showed in [SIAM J. Optim., 25(1), pp. 677-698, 2015] that a preconditioner can further enhance its noise robustness. The proof rested on the condition that the dimension $d$ and factorization rank $r$ in the separable NMF problem coincide with each other. However, it may be unrealistic to expect that the condition holds in separable NMF problems appearing in actual applications; in such problems, $d$ is usually greater than $r$. This paper shows, without the condition $d=r$, that the preconditioned SPA is robust to noise.
description: 19 pages
title: Many Mystic Multimodality Imaging avathars of Osteoid Osteoma Reexplored
Creators: name: Vadapalli, Ram Mohan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Oedema
subject: Sclerosis
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: Musculoskeletal bone

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1. To show case the Atypical findings and Locations of the Most common "Catch me If you can Lesion" and "the Masquerader"-The Osteoid Osteoma 2. To highlight the radiographic, Scintigraphy and MRI findings of these Unorthodox facets at unusual...
The role of endothelial MERTK during the inflammatory response in lungs
Creators: name: Monaghan-Benson, E.
name: Burridge, K.
name: Doerschuk, C.M.
name: Earp, H.S.
name: Li, Y.
name: Hahn, C.
name: Wittchen, E.S.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2019

description: As a key homeostasis regulator in mammals, the MERTK receptor tyrosine kinase is crucial for efferocytosis, a process that requires remodeling of the cell membrane and adjacent actin cytoskeleton. Membrane and cytoskeletal reorganization also occur in endothelial cells during inflammation, particularly during neutrophil transendothelial migration (TEM) and during changes in permeability. However, MERTK's function in endothelial cells remains unclear. This study evaluated the contribution of endothelial MERTK to neutrophil TEM and endothelial barrier function. In vitro experiments using primary human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells found that neutrophil TEM across the endothelial monolayers was enhanced when MERTK expression in endothelial cells was reduced by siRNA knockdown. Examination of endothelial barrier function revealed increased passage of dextran across the MERTK-depleted monolayers, suggesting that MERTK helps maintain endothelial barrier function. MERTK knockdown also altered adherens junction structure, decreased junction protein levels, and reduced basal Rac1 activity in endothelial cells, providing potential mechanisms of how MERTK regulates endothelial barrier function. To study MERTK's function in vivo, inflammation in the lungs of global Mertk-/- mice was examined during acute pneumonia. In response to P. aeruginosa, more neutrophils were recruited to the lungs of Mertk-/- than wildtype mice. Vascular leakage of Evans blue dye into the lung tissue was also greater in Mertk-/- mice. To analyze endothelial MERTK's involvement in these processes, we generated inducible endothelial cell-specific (iEC) Mertk-/- mice. When similarly challenged with P. aeruginosa, iEC Mertk-/- mice demonstrated no difference in neutrophil TEM into the inflamed lungs or in vascular permeability compared to control mice. These results suggest that deletion of MERTK in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in vitro and in all cells in vivo aggravates the inflammatory response. However, selective MERTK deletion in endothelial cells in vivo failed to replicate this response.
Electrically controlled pinning of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya domain walls
Creators: name: Sato, Koji
name: Tretiakov, Oleg A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method to all-electrically control a domain-wall position in a ferromagnetic nanowire with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. The strength of this interaction can be controlled by an external electric field, which in turn allows a fine tuning of the pinning potential of a spin-spiral domain wall. It allows to create more mobile pinning sites and can also be advantageous for ultra-low power electronics.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
title: Imaging features of Hirayama's Disease with conventional and Diffusion Tensor imaging Findings:A Pictorial essay
Creators: name: Vadapalli, Ram Mohan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Occupational / Environmental hazards
subject: Haemodynamics / Flow dynamics
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR-Functional imaging
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Neuroradiology spine
subject: Musculoskeletal spine

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To Elucidate the imaging features of Hirayama's disease on MRI including Diffusion Tensor Imaging and microstructural...
Transcriptional analysis of Foxp3+ Tregs and functions of two identified molecules during resolution of ALI
Creators: name: Martin, J.R.
name: Hagan, R.S.
name: Dang, H.
name: Dial, C.F.
name: Gomez, J.C.
name: Norton, D.L.
name: Mock, J.R.
name: Doerschuk, C.M.
name: Tune, M.K.
Publisher: name: American Society for Clinical Investigation
Year: 2019

description: Recovery from acute lung injury (ALI) is an active process. Foxp3+ Tregs contribute to recovery from ALI through modulating immune responses and enhancing alveolar epithelial proliferation and tissue repair. The current study investigates Treg transcriptional profiles during resolution of ALI in mice. Tregs from either lung or splenic tissue were isolated from uninjured mice or mice recovering from ALI and then examined for differential gene expression between these conditions. In mice with ALI, Tregs isolated from the lungs had hundreds of differentially expressed transcripts compared with those from the spleen, indicating that organ specificity and microenvironment are critical in Treg function. These regulated transcripts suggest which intracellular signaling pathways modulate Treg behavior. Interestingly, several transcripts having no prior recognized function in Tregs were differentially expressed by lung Tregs during resolution. Further investigation into 2 identified transcripts, Mmp12 and Sik1, revealed that Treg-specific expression of each plays a role in Treg-promoted ALI resolution. This study provides potentially novel information describing the signals that may expand resident Tregs, recruit or retain them to the lung during ALI, and modulate their function. The results provide insight into both tissue- and immune microenvironment–specific transcriptional differences through which Tregs direct their effects.
(101754) Gilbert La Trobe Stooke
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(101755) George Radford
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Orthodox and Unorthodox Avatars of Fibrous Lesions of Bone:Multimodality Imaging features
Creators: name: Vadapalli, Ram Mohan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Developmental disease
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Bones

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1.Multimodality Imaging features of Fibrous lesions of Bone are illustrated and the cardinal features of these lsions on Radiography,CT,MRI and Nuclear Imaging(PET CT) are described. 2.Atypical Imaging features of the Fibrous lesions of Bone are...
E-cigarette exposure delays implantation and causes reduced weight gain in female offspring exposed in utero
Creators: name: Randall, L.T.
name: Tarran, R.
name: Wetendorf, M.
name: Lemma, M.T.
name: Pawlak, J.B.
name: Hurr, S.H.
name: Doerschuk, C.M.
name: Caron, K.M.
Publisher: name: Endocrine Society
Year: 2019

description: Electronic nicotine delivery system (e-cigarette) use is prevalent among pregnant women as a seemingly safe alternative to traditional tobacco use, known to result in fetal developmental abnormalities and impaired fertility of male offspring. However, little is known about the effects of e-cigarette use on fertility or pregnancy outcomes. A successful pregnancy is initiated by a multitude of dynamic molecular alterations in the uterus resulting in embryo implantation at day 4.5 in the mouse. We examined whether e-cigarette exposure impairs implantation and offspring health. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were exposed five times a week to e-cigarette vapor or sham. After 4 months, e-cigarette exposed dams exhibited a significant delay in the onset of the first litter. Furthermore, exposure of new dams in early pregnancy significantly impaired embryo implantation, as evidenced by nearly complete absence of implantation sites in e-cigarette–exposed animals at day 5.5, despite exhibiting high levels of progesterone, an indicator of pregnancy. RNA microarray from day 4.5 pseudopregnant mice revealed significant changes in the integrin, chemokine, and JAK signaling pathways. Moreover, female offspring exposed to e-cigarettes in utero exhibited a significant weight reduction at 8.5 months, whereas males exhibited a slight but nonsignificant deficiency in fertility. Thus, e-cigarette exposure in mice impairs pregnancy initiation and fetal health, suggesting that e-cigarette use by reproductive-aged women or during pregnancy should be considered with caution.
Matrix Completion from Fewer Entries: Spectral Detectability and Rank Estimation
Creators: name: Saade, Alaa
name: Krzakala, Florent
name: Zdeborová, Lenka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The completion of low rank matrices from few entries is a task with many practical applications. We consider here two aspects of this problem: detectability, i.e. the ability to estimate the rank $r$ reliably from the fewest possible random entries, and performance in achieving small reconstruction error. We propose a spectral algorithm for these two tasks called MaCBetH (for Matrix Completion with the Bethe Hessian). The rank is estimated as the number of negative eigenvalues of the Bethe Hessian matrix, and the corresponding eigenvectors are used as initial condition for the minimization of the discrepancy between the estimated matrix and the revealed entries. We analyze the performance in a random matrix setting using results from the statistical mechanics of the Hopfield neural network, and show in particular that MaCBetH efficiently detects the rank $r$ of a large $n\times m$ matrix from $C(r)r\sqrt{nm}$ entries, where $C(r)$ is a constant close to $1$. We also evaluate the corresponding root-mean-square error empirically and show that MaCBetH compares favorably to other existing approaches.
description: NIPS Conference 2015