cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Universality of Avalanche Exponents in Plastic Deformation of Disordered Solids
Creators: name: Budrikis, Zoe
name: Fernandez-Castellanos, David
name: Sandfeld, Stefan
name: Zaiser, Michael
name: Zapperi, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plastic yield of amorphous solids occurs by power law distributed slip avalanches whose universality is still debated. Determination of the power law exponents from experiments and molecular dynamics simulations is hampered by limited statistical sampling. On the other hand, while existing elasto-plastic depinning models give precise exponent values, these models to date have been limited to a scalar approximation of plasticity which is difficult to reconcile with the statistical isotropy of amorphous materials. Here we introduce for the first time a fully tensorial mesoscale model for the elasto-plasticity of disordered media that can not only reproduce a wide variety of shear band patterns observed experimentally for different deformation modes, but also captures the avalanche dynamics of plastic flow in disordered materials. Slip avalanches are characterized by universal distributions which are quantitatively different from mean field predictions, both regarding the exponents and regarding the form of the scaling functions, and which are independent of system dimensionality (2D vs 3D), boundary and loading conditions, and uni-or biaxiality of the stress state. We also measure average avalanche shapes, which are equally universal and inconsistent with mean field predictions. Our results provide strong evidence that the universality class of plastic yield in amorphous materials is distinct from that of mean field depinning.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
Mouse airway remodelling Supplement AJP.pdf
Creators: name: Tatler, Amanda L.
name: Philp, Christopher
name: Hill, Michael
name: Cox, Sam
name: Bullock, Andrew
name: Habgood, Anthony
name: John, Alison
name: Middlewick, Robert
name: Stephenson, Katherine
name: Goodwin, Amanda T.
name: Billington, Charlotte K.
name: O'Dea, Reuben D
name: Johnson, Simon R.
name: Brook, Bindi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Animal structure and function
Animal physiology - systems
Bioinformatics and computational biology not elsewhere classified
Animal physiology - biophysics
Animal physiology - cell

description: Airway remodelling occurs in chronic asthma leading to increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass and extra-cellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Whilst extensively studied in murine airways; studies report only selected larger airways at one time point meaning the spatial distribution and resolution of remodelling are poorly understood. Here we use a new method allowing comprehensive assessment of the spatial and temporal changes in ASM, ECM and epithelium in large numbers of murine airways after allergen challenge. Using image processing to analyse 20-50 airways from a whole lung section revealed increases in ASM and ECM after allergen challenge were greater in small and large rather than intermediate airways. ASM predominantly accumulated adjacent to the basement membrane whereas ECM was distributed across the airway wall. Epithelial hyperplasia was most marked in small and intermediate airways. Post challenge, ASM changes resolved over seven days whereas ECM and epithelial changes persisted. The new method suggests large and small airways remodel differently and the long-term consequences of airway inflammation may depend more on ECM and epithelial changes than ASM. The method reduces the number of animals needed, reveals important spatial differences in remodelling and could set new analysis standards for murine asthma models.
This document is the online supplementary methods and results
5-Fluorouracil: A Metabolism Model of the Rat Liver
Creators: name: Mueller, Carol Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: A metabolism model of 5-fluorouracil (FU), a nucleotide synthesis interference chemical, was created based on rat liver metabolism data. The model of the adult rat predicted that 0.1% of the original FU dose will become 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP), a thymidine synthetase inhibiting metabolite. Model parameters were derived from enzyme activity information. It can be concluded from the results of this model that a very small percentage of the initial FU dose actually becomes the metabolite FdUMP. This is the first model to focus on the anabolism portion of the overall metabolism of FU. The overall goal of the research program is to help in the develop of a pharmacokinetic, biologically based dose-response model of FU to test the feasibility for modeling nucleotide synthesis inhibitors. The rat liver metabolism is merely one part of the modeling picture which is needed to look at developmental effects due to interference with nucleotide synthesis, but it is a place to begin.
What does Big Data tell? Sampling the social network by communication channels
Creators: name: Török, János
name: Murase, Yohsuke
name: Jo, Hang-Hyun
name: Kertész, János
name: Kaski, Kimmo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Big Data has become the primary source of understanding the structure and dynamics of the society at large scale. The network of social interactions can be considered as a multiplex, where each layer corresponds to one communication channel and the aggregate of all of them constitutes the entire social network. However, usually one has information only about one of the channels or even a part of it, which should be considered as a subset or sample of the whole. Here we introduce a model based on a natural bilateral communication channel selection mechanism, which for one channel leads to consistent changes in the network properties. For example, while it is expected that the degree distribution of the whole social network has a maximum at a value larger than one, we get a monotonously decreasing distribution as observed in empirical studies of single channel data. We also find that assortativity may occur or get strengthened due to the sampling method. We analyze the far-reaching consequences of our findings.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Additional file 5 of Elevated expression of Aurora-A/AURKA in breast cancer associates with younger age and aggressive features
Creators: name: Ingebriktsen, L. M.
name: Humlevik, R. O. C.
name: Svanøe, A. A.
name: Sæle, A. K. M.
name: Winge, I.
name: Toska, K.
name: Kalvenes, M. B.
name: Davidsen, B.
name: Heie, A.
name: Knutsvik, G.
name: Askeland, C.
name: Stefansson, I. M.
name: Hoivik, E. A.
name: Akslen, L. A.
name: Wik, E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5.
title: Preliminary experience with a software framework to facilitate optimisation in radiology
Creators: name: Bosmans, Hilde
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: PACS
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Dosimetry
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Quality assurance

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: “Whereas Radiation Dose Structured Reports (RDSR) arethe future for dose monitoring, the use of DICOM headers, DoseScreen OCR and MPPS analysis makes it possible to process also dose related information of older devices.Automated data collection...
A Systematic Review of Methodological Transparency in Lesson Study: How Do We Report on the Observation and Reflection Stages?
Creators: name: Kager, Klara
name: Kalinowski, Eva
name: Jurczok, Anne
name: Vock, Miriam
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Other Teacher Education and Professional Development
subject: Teacher Education and Professional Development
subject: Education
subject: lesson study
subject: professional development
subject: reflection
subject: research transparency
subject: teacher education

description: The overall objective of this systematic review is to give critical attention to observation and reflection as key stages of the Lesson Study method. We aim to examine whether Larssen et al.’s (2018) findings that Lesson Study’s observation stage was underreported in Lesson Study literature on initial teacher education also extends to Lesson Study literature on in-service teachers. Given the fact that the concept of reflection has been identified as undertheorized in the field of education (DeLuca et al., 2015; Walsh & Mann, 2015), we have also included the reflection stage as a research focus. Based on our findings, we want to bring together the conceptual approaches currently used in empirical Lesson Study research, identify possible differences and gaps in methodological descriptions, and recommend a framing structure for reporting the observation and reflection stages in empirical Lesson Study articles.
An algebraic approach to enumerating non-equivalent double traces in graphs
Creators: name: Bašić, Nino
name: Bokal, Drago
name: Boothby, Tomas
name: Rus, Jernej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C30, 05C45, 05C85, 68R10, 92E10

description: Recently designed biomolecular approaches to build single chain polypeptide polyhedra as molecular origami nanostructures have risen high interest in various double traces of the underlying graphs of these polyhedra. Double traces are walks that traverse every edge of the graph twice, usually with some additional conditions on traversal direction and vertex neighborhood coverage. Given that double trace properties are intimately related to theefficiency of polypeptide polyhedron construction, enumerating all different possible double traces and analyzing their properties is an important step in the construction. In the paper, we study the automorphism group of double traces and present an algebraic approach to this problem, yielding a branch-and-bound algorithm.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure
Assessing Risks of Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Pesticides
Creators: name: Lefferts, Lisa Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1986

description: Cholinesterase-inhibiting (ChE-I) pesticides, which include both organophosphates (OP's) and carbamates, together constitute a very significant proportion of pesticides used in the U.S. and worldwide. ChE-I pesticides are known to disrupt nervous system functioning in animals and humans, and OP's are implicated in human poisonings more often than any other class of pesticides. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses ChE-I to characterize the risks of these pesticides since ChE-I is a sensitive predictor of exposure. Assessing the risks of OP's and carbamates on the basis of ChE-I involves many uncertainties. The decisions and assumptions made to resolve these uncertainties are science policy decisions, and can have a significant impact on the final characterization of the risk. This report identifies the principal uncertainties throughout each of the four stages of risk assessment (as described by the National Research Council), discusses the nature and public health implications of these uncertainties, suggests an approach for describing and resolving uncertainties, and provides recommendations useful in developing a science policy for ChEI pesticides. It is concluded that the EPA's use of an uncertainty factor as small as ten is not justified by the available scientific evidence.
A Road Map for Evaluating Alternative Program Designs for Accelerated Vehicle Retirement Programs
Creators: name: Richmond, Harvey M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: The regulatory framework and guidance for developing mobile source emission reduction credits from various types of accelerated vehicle retirement programs under EPA's Economic Incentive Program rule is summarized. Several evaluation criteria, encompassing both qualitative and quantitative measures,are proposed for evaluating the overall desirability of adopting alternative accelerated vehicle retirement program designs. A road map of the major design elements that must be dealt with in designing an accelerated vehicle retirement program is presented. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses are conducted on the hydrocarbon credits and related cost-effectiveness of various age-based and targeted accelerated vehicle retirement programs. These analyses are based on data from a pilot project conducted in Illinois and from estimates generated by running EPA's mobile emission model. Accelerated vehicle retirement programs that target high emitters are estimated to generate significantly higher hydrocarbon emission reduction credits and to have significantly improved cost-effectiveness compared to accelerated vehicle retirement programs based strictly on vehicle age. Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis methods are shown to be feasible and valuable in determining which program design parameters are most important in determining emission reduction credits and cost- effectiveness and in estimating the degree of uncertainty associated with these outcome variables.
title: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of cerebral cortical malformations: how to demystify their findings with embryological correlation.
Creators: name: Dutra, Joanna
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Developmental disease
subject: Education
subject: MR
subject: Paediatric
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To illustrate MRI features related to disorders of cerebral cortical formation, common birth defects that can cause delayed development, epilepsy and neurologic deficits. In this poster we will review the contribution of multiplanar MRI, a valuable...
Edge modes in zigzag and armchair ribbons of monolayer MoS$_2$
Creators: name: Rostami, Habib
name: Asgari, Reza
name: Guinea, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the electronic structure, orbital character and topological aspect of a monolayer MoS$_2$ nanoribbon using tight-binding (TB) and low-energy (${\bm k}\cdot{\bm p} $) models. We obtain a mid-gap edge mode in the zigzag ribbon of monolayer MoS$_2$, which can be traced back to the topological properties of the bulk band structure. Monolayer MoS$_2$ can be considered as a valley Hall insulator. The boundary conditions at armchair edges mix the valleys on the edges, and a gap is induced in the edge modes. The spin-orbit coupling in the valence band reduces the hybridization of the bulk states.
description: 28 pages, 13 figures, Published:J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 28 (2016) 495001
title: The effect of reporting environment factors and double reading on the intra-observer concordance of major diagnostic plain radiograph evaluation features
Creators: name: Fitzgerald, Tom
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Professional issues
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Digital radiography
subject: PACS
subject: Observer performance
subject: Perception image
subject: Medico-legal issues
subject: Education and training

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Identification and auditing of error and variation in plain radiograph reporting is important because of the volume of work and paucity of feedback 1 . It has not been established how much scope for improvement in plain radiograph reporting accuracy...
A 40-Day Evidence-Based Review of Amla Juice and Its Impact on Liver Function Parameters
Creators: name: Menaka. M
name: Valarmathi C
name: Bernaitis L*
name: Kaviyarasan M
name: Abishek M
name: Sivasubramaniyan S
name: Muthazhagan. A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Amla juice, liver function, ALT, AST, NAFLD, antioxidant.

description: Abstract: Amla juice, derived from the Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica), has been traditionally used for its potential health benefits, including its role in liver health. This review synthesizes evidence from various studies evaluating the impact of daily consumption of Amla juice over a 40-day period on liver function parameters. The studies reviewed include diverse populations, such as healthy adults, patients with fatty liver, individuals with metabolic syndrome, and the elderly with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Key liver function parameters, such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and serum bilirubin, were consistently monitored. The findings demonstrate that Amla juice consumption is associated with significant reductions in ALT and AST levels, improvement in serum bilirubin, and beneficial effects on lipid profiles, indicating its potential for liver function enhancement and as a complementary therapy for liver-related conditions. However, further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms involved and to determine optimal dosages for various populations.
Quantitative Assessment of the Effects of Postnatal Lead Exposure on the Habituation of Motor Activity in Rats
Creators: name: Danzy, Latonya W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Despite the steady decrease in the use of lead in gasoline, the total production of lead in the U. S. has not changed significantly in the last 30 years (Schlag, 1987). However, there has been a considerable change in lead-use patterns. Schlag (1987) reports that the primary use of lead is for the manufacture of storage batteries (72%) and secondarily for gasoline (7%). However, in spite of the consistent volume in the total production of lead, Bogden et al. (1997) points out that the elimination of lead in gasoline in the 1970s, and Reduced use of lead in other sources of exposure such as outdoor paint, printing inks, and solder tin cans used for food storage, has resulted in well-documented and substantial decreases in blood-lead concentrations of all age groups in the United States. Yet despite these efforts, some segments of the population, young children in particular, continue to be exposed to excessive levels of lead from paint chips, soil, and various other sources.
One-Dimensional Structural Properties of Proteins in the Coarse-Grained CABS Model
Creators: name: Kmiecik, Sebastian
name: Kolinski, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Despite the significant increase in computational power, molecular modeling of protein structure using classical all-atom approaches remains inefficient, at least for most of the protein targets in the focus of biomedical research. Perhaps the most successful strategy to overcome the inefficiency problem is multiscale modeling to merge all-atom and coarse-grained models. This chapter describes a well-established CABS coarse-grained protein model. The CABS (C-Alpha, C-Beta and Side chains) model assumes a 2-4 united-atom representation of amino acids, knowledge-based force field (derived from the statistical regularities seen in known protein sequences and structures) and efficient Monte Carlo sampling schemes (MC dynamics, MC replica-exchange, and combinations). A particular emphasis is given to the unique design of the CABS force-field, which is largely defined using one-dimensional structural properties of proteins, including protein secondary structure. This chapter also presents CABS-based modeling methods, including multiscale tools for de novo structure prediction, modeling of protein dynamics and prediction of protein-peptide complexes. CABS-based tools are freely available at http://biocomp.chem.uw.edu.pl/tools
title: The role of CTA in the preoperative workup of Free Fibular Flap surgery for madibular reconstruction
Creators: name: Pegado, Pedro Luis
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Head and neck
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To understand the microsurgical reconstruction of the oromandibular complex with a fibula osteomyocutneous free flap and to put in evidence the role of CTA when planning the procedure, in order to prevent complications. To point out vascular...
Perceived Inequality and Populism
Creators: name: Stoetzer, Lukas
name: Klüver, Heike
name: Giesecke, Johannes
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Comparative Politics
subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Inequality and Stratification
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: We conduct a survey experiment to study the effects of perceived inequality on populist attitudes and support for populist parties in Germany, Italy, and Denmark. The survey experiment randomizes respondents into a treatment group and a control group. Respondents in the treatment group receive factual information about the wealth distribution in form of a newspaper article and an info-graph that shows the share of the bottom 50% and the top 10% of the net wealth. The control group does not receive any material. After the treatment assignment, respondents are asked about their perception of social inequality in their respective countries, their populist attitudes, support for parties in their countries, and support of hypothetical candidates in a conjoint task. The survey includes a set of additional survey questions.
Estimated Compliance with the Proposed Stage 2 Disinfection By-Products Rule for Eleven Water Utilities in North Carolina
Creators: name: Han, Nora J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Eleven water utilities in North Carolina were examined to assess their potential compliance with the impending Stage 2 Disinfection By-Products (DBP) Rule. The Stage 2 Rule will require that all utilities meet the 80 μg/L maximum contaminant level (MCL) for four trihalomethanes (THM4) and the 60 μg/LMCL for five haloacetic acids (HAAS) on a locational running annual average (LRAA)basis. This represents a major departure from past DBP regulation for which compliance was based on a system-wide running annual average (RAA). Additionally, while compliance has previously been based on DBP levels for samples collected primarily at locations with average distribution system residence times, the Stage 2 Rule will base compliance on DBP levels collected at locations with maximum THM4 and HAAS concentrations. To assess potential compliance with the proposed Rule, it was necessary to estimate maximum THM4 and HAAS concentrations in the distribution systems for each utility using historical quarterly THM4 and HAAS values. The approach taken was to use the US EPA Water Treatment Plant (WTP)Model and available data to extrapolate to the most remote locations in the distribution system to estimate DBP levels at these locations from which maximum LRAAs could be calculated. In addition, because historic quarterly THM4 and HAAS measurements are taken as much as five months apart, the WTP Model was utilized to predict monthly DBP values from which LRAAs were calculated. The results show that several of the utilities may have difficulties complying with the new Rule with regard to one or both of the MCLs for THM4 and HAAS. In addition, significant variations in LRAA concentrations were observed for the eleven utilities evaluated. These variations could be due to a number of factors (e.g.changes in source water quality, changes in treatment practices). A site-by-site analysis of raw water quality and treatment process trains was beyond the scope of this study but should be conducted by the individual utilities to better prepare them for the forthcoming Stage 2 DBP Rule.
Affine invariant valuations on polytopes
Creators: name: Ludwig, Monika
name: Reitzner, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52B45, 52A20

description: A classification of SL$(n)$ invariant valuations on the space of convex polytopes in $R^n$ without any continuity assumptions is established. A corresponding result is obtained on the space of convex polytopes in $R^n$ that contain the origin.
title: High-frequency ultrasound of the wrist.
Creators: name: Olchowy, Cyprian
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Anatomy
subject: Neuroradiology peripheral nerve
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of this presentation is: 1. to produce highly detailed didactic images, videos and anatomical schemes 2. to present “tricks and tips” helping to obtain highly diagnostic images and understand anatomy 3. to describe the proper...
title: Keep calm and take a breath, it is not a real lesion. Liver pseudolesions : key features and avoiding errors.
Creators: name: Dutra, Joanna
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Liver
subject: CT
subject: Education
subject: Artifacts
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To illustrate pitfalls in the interpretation of liver pseudolesions that may mimic actual lesions. To show the mechanisms that causes pseudolesions. To help radiologist to avoid errors when interpreting liver image in computer tomography...
title: Imaging of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder: a multimodality approach
Creators: name: Marques, Inês
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Calcifications / Calculi

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To expose the etiology and pathology of calcific tendinitis. To depict the types of calcific tendinitis. To review the imaging findings of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder on Radiographs, Ultrasound (US), Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic...
Sampling of Residential Groundwater Wells for Lead, Zinc, and Cadmium in Jasper County, Missouri, in the Tri-State Mining District Lands
Creators: name: Rivera, Ana Cristina
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Lead and zinc mining in the Tri-State Mining District (covering parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Missouri) took place for over 100 years and now abandoned mines, piles of waste tailings, boreholes, and underground workings have resulted in contaminated land and water in the district. One of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-designated Superfund sites related to the contamination from the mining is in the Jasper County, Missouri, portion of the District One area of Jasper County, along a stretch of County Road 200 (just south of the town of Alba and east of Oronogo), was sampled for this study. The shallow aquifer and surface waters of this portion of southwest Missouri have been shown to be affected by heavy metal contamination. Thirty-one residential groundwater wells used for drinking water were sampled for lead, cadmium, and zinc, with water from six wells sampled before and after water softener treatment. Some levels of lead and cadmium exceeding maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for drinking water were found in samples. High levels of zinc were also found. Notable increases of zinc were found in samples following softener treatment. In addition, the use of residential water softener units does not appear to reduce levels of these heavy metals in water. Further sampling and research on the effects on ground and surface waters of the mined lands would need to be done for identifying the locations and tracking the source(s) of the high levels of metals.
title: MRI- Detected Breast Masses: Are CAD-Measured Kinetic Diversity Analyses Useful for Differential Diagnosis? A New Approach with Whole Lesion Curve Distribution Analysis.
Creators: name: Shimauchi, Akiko
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: CAD
subject: MR
subject: Breast

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Introduction Although several morphologic features have been reported to be specific features of malignancy [1,2], these features are more often found in larger tumors that are already known from mammography and/or sonography, thus histologically...
Erosive Hit-and-Run Impact Events: Debris Unbound
Creators: name: Sarid, Gal
name: Stewart, Sarah T.
name: Leinhardt, Zoe M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Erosive collisions among planetary embryos in the inner solar system can lead to multiple remnant bodies, varied in mass, composition and residual velocity. Some of the smaller, unbound debris may become available to seed the main asteroid belt. The makeup of these collisionally produced bodies is different from the canonical chondritic composition, in terms of rock/iron ratio and may contain further shock-processed material. Having some of the material in the asteroid belt owe its origin from collisions of larger planetary bodies may help in explaining some of the diversity and oddities in composition of different asteroid groups.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Nonparametric reconstruction of the Om diagnostic to test LCDM
Creators: name: Escamilla-Rivera, Celia
name: Fabris, Julio C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic acceleration is usually related with the unknown dark energy, which equation of state, w(z), is constrained and numerically confronted with independent astrophysical data. In order to make a diagnostic of w(z), the introduction of a null test of dark energy can be done using a diagnostic function of redshift, Om. In this work we present a nonparametric reconstruction of this diagnostic using the so-called Loess-Simex factory to test the concordance model with the advantage that this approach offers an alternative way to relax the use of priors and find a possible 'w' that reliably describe the data with no previous knowledge of a cosmological model. Our results demonstrate that the method applied to the dynamical Om diagnostic finds a preference for a dark energy model with equation of state w =-2/3, which correspond to a static domain wall network.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Additional file 1 of Beyond individual factors: a critical ethnographic account of urban residential fire risks, experiences, and responses in single-room occupancy (SRO) housing
Creators: name: Liao, Catherine
name: Varcoe, Colleen
name: Brown, Helen
name: Pike, Ian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
NHIS-tg-women
Creators: name: Koo, Bo
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: We retrospectively investigated Korean women aged 40-69 years who underwent health examination in 2009 and were followed up until 2018 using nationwide claim data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). Among 2,208,347 women, primary outcome occurred in 62,255 (2.8%) subjects. As triglyceride levels increased, the event rate of primary outcome increased in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women in the fully adjusted model (hazard ration [HR] per 1 Q, 1.10 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08–1.12] and 1.08 [95% CI, 1.07–1.09], respectively), which was maintained on further stratification according to diabetes or LDL-C (p<0.05 in all).
title: Diagnostic accuracy of STIR sequences in detecting Graves’ Ophthalmopathy phases: a pre- and post-treatment observational study
Creators: name: Belfiore, Maria Paola
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR
subject: Technology assessment
subject: Image verification

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Graves’ Ophthalmopathy (GO) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of periorbital tissue and conjunctiva, as well as of retrobulbar structures, e.g. extraocular muscles (EOM). The most frequent GO clinical sign are: eyelid...
Inferred Hα Flux as a Star-Formation Rate Indicator at z ~ 4-5: Implications for Dust Properties, Burstiness, and the z = 4-8 Star-Formation-Rate Functions
Creators: name: Smit, Renske
name: Bouwens, Rychard J.
name: Labbé, Ivo
name: Franx, Marijn
name: Wilkins, Stephen M.
name: Oesch, Pascal A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive Hα fluxes for a large spectroscopic and photometric-redshift-selected sample of sources over GOODS-North and South in the redshift range z = 3.8-5.0 with deep HST, Spitzer/IRAC, and ground-based observations. The Hα flux is inferred based on the offset between the IRAC 3.6 μm flux and that predicted from the best-fit SED. We demonstrate that the Hα flux correlates well with dust- corrected UV star-formation rate (SFR) and therefore can serve as an independent SFR indicator. However, we also find a systematic offset in the SFR_Hα/SFR_UV ratios for z ~ 4-5 galaxies relative to local relations (assuming the same dust corrections for nebular regions and stellar light). We show that we can resolve the modest tension in the inferred SFRs by assuming bluer intrinsic UV slopes (increasing the dust correction), a rising star-formation history or assuming a low metallicity stellar population with a hard ionizing spectrum (increasing the L_Hα/SFR ratio). Using Hα as a SFR indicator, we find a normalization of the star formation main sequence in good agreement with recent SED-based determinations and also derive the SFR functions at z ~ 4-8. In addition, we assess for the first time the burstiness of star formation in z ~ 4 galaxies on <100 Myr time scales by comparing UV and Hα-based sSFRs; their one-to-one relationship argues against significantly bursty star-formation histories. Further progress will be made on these results, by incorporating new results from ALMA to constrain the dust-obscured star formation in high-redshift UV-selected samples.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures, 9 tables, ApJ, in press
Additional file 5 of Advancing healthcare with artificial intelligence: diagnostic accuracy of machine learning algorithm in diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy in the Brazilian population
Creators: name: dos Reis, Mateus A.
name: Künas, Cristiano A.
name: da Silva Araújo, Thiago
name: Schneiders, Josiane
name: de Azevedo, Pietro B.
name: Nakayama, Luis F.
name: Rados, Dimitris R. V.
name: Umpierre, Roberto N.
name: Berwanger, Otávio
name: Lavinsky, Daniel
name: Malerbi, Fernando K.
name: Navaux, Philippe O. A.
name: Schaan, Beatriz D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Supplementary Material 5
Corrosion behaviour and surface topography for steel plates used in automotive industry exposed to salty corrosive thermo-accelerated medium
Creators: name: Abdulsada, Shaymaa Abbas
name: I.Al-Mosawi, Ali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Metals and alloy materials

description: Corrosion resistance is one of the essential criteria in the automotive industry, especially in harsh climates, as it causes severe damage to vehicles. Therefore, the anti-corrosion factor should be a complementary and integral part of other safety standards. An experimental investigation for monitoring and evaluating the corrosion behavior of high strength low carbon steel plates with different surface characteristics and treatments conditions used in the automotive industry exposed to a salty, corrosive thermo-accelerated medium has been introduced in this empirical study. The produced samples are divided into four main groups: welded, unwelded, coated, and uncoated. These samples were exposed to an aggressive chemical medium consisting of salty-aqueous spray with a 5% NaCl concentration at 35°C with speed and pressure. All changes in surface features, including topography, roughness, and corrosion products, were measured and analyzed periodically every 8 hours for 24 hours by scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and CSPM imager surface roughness analysis. The results showed that the coated samples had lower roughness values ​​and lower corrosion products after 24 hours under the salty-aqueous spray test.
The Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of Viruses Associated with Gastroenteritis in HIV-infected Individuals in Uganda
Creators: name: Pasanen, Tiina
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Acute and chronic diarrhea are significant causes of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected individuals. The importance of viruses as etiologic agents of diarrhea in HIV-infected individuals, especially in Africa, is not well documented. We examined the prevalence of enteric viruses among HIV-infected and uninfected individuals at baseline and during episodes of acute diarrhea in a prospective household study in rural Uganda. Of the 414 stool specimens analyzed, 27.5% tested positive for at least one virus, 16.4% tested positive for picobimavirus, 6.5% for norovirus, 2.9% for sapovirus, 2.2% for astrovirus, and 5.1% for adenovirus by RT-PCR. Picobimaviruses could be grouped into two genetic clusters, Georgia and China, and significant genetic variability was observed within the China-cluster. This is the first household-based study describing the prevalence of enteric viruses among HIV-infected and uninfected individuals with acute diarrhea in Africa using state-of-the-art molecular methods. Surprisingly, picobimaviruses are commonly found in stool from asymptomatic persons with and without HIV in Uganda. At this time, no significant association is noted between acute diarrhea and presence of viruses in stool, but testing of more specimens is pending to assess if these viruses are relevant etiological agents of diarrhea or simply commensals.
Effects of Ozone and Photochemically Reacted Urban Mixture on Zinc Deficient, Human Lung Cells
Creators: name: Bridge, Kevin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Several controlled exposure studies have demonstrated that humans are differentially susceptible to adverse health effects induced by air pollution exposure. Enhanced susceptibility may be caused by intrinsic factors, such as genetic background, age, and gender, or extrinsic factors, such as nutrition. Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element and is an essential component in several hundred Zn metalloenzymes, many of which play an important role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and participate in Zn-finger motifs, which are important for DNA transcription. The first clinical effects of zinc deficiency were observed when studying dwarfism in 1961. Few studies have addressed the effects of zinc deficiency on the adverse effects induced by exposure to oxidant air pollutants including ozone or other photochemically reacted hydrocarbon mixtures. Epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract are one of the major cellular targets of inhaled pollutants such as ozone. The objective of this project is to examine whether Zn deficiency enhances the susceptibility of respiratory epithelial cells to pollutant-induced injury. A cell culture model of Zn-deficient (Zn-DF) and Zn-adequate (Zn-AD) respiratory epithelial cells will be exposed to ozone and photochemically reacted urban mixture in outdoor smog chambers. Inflammatory cytokine production including IL-8, IL-6, MCP-1 and cellular cytotoxicity will be analyzed for in exposed cells. Increased cytokine and cytotoxicity production will be used to determine if zinc deficiency induces greater cellular stress.
Additional file 1 of Understanding the mental health and intention to leave of the public health workforce in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Belita, Emily
name: Neil-Sztramko, Sarah E.
name: De Rubeis, Vanessa
name: Boamah, Sheila
name: Cabaj, Jason
name: Jack, Susan M.
name: Neudorf, Cory
name: Zogo, Clemence Ongolo
name: Seale, Carolyn
name: Watson-Creed, Gaynor
name: Dobbins, Maureen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1: Additional File 1. Unadjusted association between sociodemographic characteristics, mental health in the past two weeks, and intention-to-leave public health
title: Inflammatory and infectious processes of the spine in children, radiological findings on CT and MRI.
Creators: name: Santos, Lourdes
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology spine
subject: Anatomy
subject: Paediatric
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Education
subject: Education and training
subject: Infection
subject: Inflammation

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Review the radiological anatomy of the spine, embryology and development. Describe inflammatory and infectious processes of the spine in...
Towards spin turbulence of light: Spontaneous disorder and chaos in cavity-polariton systems
Creators: name: Gavrilov, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advances in nanophotonics have brought about coherent light sources with chaotic circular polarization; a low-dimensional chaotic evolution of optical spin was evidenced in laser diodes. Here we propose a mechanism that gives rise to light with a spatiotemporal spin chaos resembling turbulent states in hydrodynamics. The spin-chaotic radiation is emitted by exciton polaritons under resonant optical pumping in arbitrarily sized planar microcavities, including, as a limiting case, pointlike systems with only three degrees of freedom. The underlying mechanism originates in the interplay between spin symmetry breakdown and scattering into pairs of Bogolyubov excitations. As a practical matter, it opens up the way for spin modulation of light on the scale of picoseconds and micrometers.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Radiological risk assessment of the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard (HPNS)
Creators: name: Paustenbach, Dennis J.
name: Gibbons, Robert D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Hunters Point Naval Shipyard in San Francisco, California was deemed a Superfund site by the USEPA in 1989 due to chemical and radiological contamination resulting from U.S. Navy operations from 1939 to 1974. During characterization and remediation efforts, over 50,000 radiological soil samples and 19,000 air samples were collected. This risk assessment, conducted in accordance with federal guidelines, represents the first comprehensive evaluation of past, present, and future health risks associated with radionuclides present at the site. The assessment indicated that before site remediation, most radionuclide soil concentrations were at or near local background concentrations. Had such low remedial goals not been established, significant remediation of surface soils would not have been necessary to protect human health. The pre-remediation lifetime incremental cancer morbidity risks for on-site workers and theoretical on-site residents due to radionuclide contamination were found to be 1.3 × 10−6 and 3.2 × 10−6, respectively. The post-remediation risks to future on-site residents were found to be 6.3 × 10−8 (without durable cover) and 3.7 × 10−8 (with durable cover), while post-remediation risks to on-site workers were found to be 2.6 × 10−8 (without durable cover) and 1.6 × 10−8 (with durable cover). Risk estimates for all scenarios were found to be significantly below the acceptable risk of 3 × 10−4 approved by regulatory agencies. Upwind and downwind air samples collected during remediation indicate that remediation activities never posed a measurable risk to off-site residents. This risk assessment emphasizes the importance of establishing clear and scientifically rigorous soil remedial goals at sites as well as understanding local radionuclide background concentrations.