cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Testing corrections for paleomagnetic inclination error in sedimentary rocks: A comparative approach
Creators: name: Tauxe, Lisa
name: Kodama, Kenneth P.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geology, Stratigraphic

description: Paleomagnetic inclinations in sedimentary formations are frequently suspected of being too shallow. Recognition and correction of shallow bias is therefore critical for paleogeographical reconstructions. This paper tests the reliability of the elongation/inclination (E/I) correction method in several ways. First we consider the E/I trends predicted by various PSV models. We explored the role of sample size on the reliability of the E/I estimates and found that for data sets smaller than ∼100–150, the results were less reliable. The Giant Gaussian Process-type paleosecular variation models were all constrained by paleomagnetic data from lava flows of the last five million years. Therefore, to test whether the method can be used in more ancient times, we compare model predictions of E/I trends with observations from five Large Igneous Provinces since the early Cretaceous (Yemen, Kerguelen, Faroe Islands, Deccan and Paraná basalts). All data are consistent at the 95% level of confidence with the E/I trends predicted by the paleosecular variation models. The Paraná data set also illustrated the effect of unrecognized tilting and combining data over a large latitudinal spread on the E/I estimates underscoring the necessity of adhering to the two principle assumptions of the method. Then we discuss the geological implications of various applications of the E/I method. In general the E/I corrected data are more consistent with data from contemporaneous lavas, with predictions from the well constrained synthetic apparent polar wander paths, and other geological constraints. Finally, we compare the E/I corrections with corrections from an entirely different method of inclination correction: the anisotropy of remanence method of Jackson et al. [Jackson, M.J., Banerjee, S.K., Marvin, J.A., Lu, R., Gruber, W., 1991. Detrital remanence, inclination errors and anhysteretic remanence anisotropy: quantitative model and experimental results. Geophys. J. Int. 104, 95–103] which relies on measurement of remanence and particle anisotropies of the sediments. In the two cases where a direct comparison can be made, the two methods give corrections that are consistent within error. In summary, it appears that the E/I method for recognizing and corrected the effects of sedimentary flattening is reasonably robust for at least the Mesozoic and Cenozoic when the source of scatter is geomagnetic and sedimentary flattening in origin.
Residential patterns of the Chinese in Vancouver, British Columbia
Creators: name: Cho, George Chin Huat
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This study examines the residential patterns of the Chinese within the city of Vancouver. The Chinese are the single largest Asian minority ethnic group in Vancouver arid have a uniquely concentrated pattern of distribution. The study first summarises the general history of Chinese immigration into Canada, particularly British Columbia, over the past 100 years, and also examines the growth of Vancouver's Chinatown. Using published and unpublished census data the changing patterns of Chinese settlement within the City of Vancouver are described. Next, drawing on census data and on material collected through a Sample. Survey of 125 Chinese families in 1969, some overall characteristics of the Vancouver Chinese community are described, in terms of such factors as age-sex structure, education, period of immigration, and residential patterns. It is hypothesised that there are basic differences between the Chinatown and suburban Chinese in Vancouver. This hypothesis was tested and it showed that there were significant differences between the Chinese living in these different locations in terms of demographic, economic, residential and social factors, in conclusion, the study suggests that inquiries of this nature could be profitably repeated with other ethnic groups within the city.
title: Suggestibility of Placebo Reactors and Non-Reactors in the Autokinetic Situation
Creators: name: Mason, Lee Glenn
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1965

description: The phenomenon of not relying solely up on one's own judgment and of distorting one's perception toward a perceived social norm has been observed to take place with a rather large percentage of subjects participating in a number of research projects. Both Asch and Sherif have done extensive work showing this distortion of perception when an individual is placed in a group setting and finds himself in a contradictory position between his own perception and that of the other group members.
The question arises as to whether or not acceptance of suggestion is a personality trait characteristic of the individual. To what extent, if any, will the trait of suggestibility manifest in one situation transfer to a second setting when suggestion is applied? Specifically, in this research project, individuals will be chosen according to their reactions to a placebo pill experiment. Placebo reactors will be those individuals who have manifest the internalization of suggestion in the experiment. Non-reactors will be chosen for their lack of placebo pill reaction which will be considered as rejection of the applied suggestion. Both the placebo reactors and non-reactors will be placed in an unstable experimental situation that has the possibilities of being structured according to the individual's perception or perceived social norm. Since the autokinetic illusion is almost universal, this phenomenon will be employed in the experimental procedure. Suggestion as to the amount of movement present in the autokinetic effect will then be given. The amount of movement will be recorded and tested for significance for the reactor and non-reactor groups.
Palaeomagnetism of red beds of the Late Devonian Worange Point Formation, SE Australia
Creators: name: Thrupp, G. A.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Schmidt, P. W.
name: Powell, C. McA.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Gently folded strata of the Late Devonian Merrimbula Group along the south coast of New South Wales are similar to numerous deposits of Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous, subaerial to shallow marine, quartzose sandstone that are known as the Lambie Facies of SE Australia. Because the Lambie sands overlap the early Palaeozoic tectonic elements of the Lachlan Fold Belt, large displacement since the Late Devonian of any Lachlan terranes, with respect to interior Australia, is precluded. We collected oriented core samples from 37 sites primarily in reddish, quartzose litharenites of the Worange Point Formation. The remanent magnetization is carried by haematite. Incremental thermal demagnetization reveals a dominant, well-defined, steep-upward-north component of magnetization that post-dates the mid-Carboniferous folding. The south pole position (146.4"E, 68.6"S, Ag5 3.1") derived from the overprinted specimens is close to both the Late Carboniferous and mid-Cretaceous reference poles as well as the spin axis of today. The overprint is attributed to both viscous partial thermoremanent and chemical remanent magnetization (VPTRM and CRM). Its exclusively normal polarity is consistent with a mid-Cretaceous acquisition, perhaps related to the rifting of the SE Australian margin.
The relative contributions of radiative forcing and internal climate variability to the late 20th Century winter drying of the Mediterranean region
Creators: name: Kelley, Colin Patrick
name: Ting, Mingfang
name: Seager, Richard
name: Kushnir, Yochanan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Climatic changes
Atmosphere

description: The roles of anthropogenic climate change and internal climate variability in causing the Mediterranean region's late 20th Century extended winter drying trend are examined using 19 coupled models from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report. The observed drying was influenced by the robust positive trend in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) from the 1960s to the 1990s. Model simulations and observations are used to assess the probable relative roles of radiative forcing, and internal variability in explaining the circulation trend that drove much of the precipitation change. Using the multi-model ensemble we assess how well the models can produce multidecadal trends of realistic magnitude, and apply signal-to-noise maximizing EOF analysis to obtain a best estimate of the models' (mean) sea-level pressure (SLP) and precipitation responses to changes in radiative forcing. The observed SLP and Mediterranean precipitation fields are regressed onto the timeseries associated with the models' externally forced pattern and the implied linear trends in both fields between 1960 and 1999 are calculated. It is concluded that the radiatively forced trends are a small fraction of the total observed trends. Instead it is argued that the robust trends in the observed NAO and Mediterranean rainfall during this period were largely due to multidecadal internal variability with a small contribution from the external forcing. Differences between the observed and NAO-associated precipitation trends are consistent with those expected as a response to radiative forcing. The radiatively forced trends in circulation and precipitation are expected to strengthen in the current century and this study highlights the importance of their contribution to future precipitation changes in the region.
Benchmarking report on gender equality in science, technology and innovation dialogues
Creators: name: Bhatia, Riina
name: Rilla, Nina
name: Laitinen, Essi
name: Ferreira, Gabriela Gomez
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: GENDER
Gender STI
Benchmarking
Innovation dialogues

description: This deliverable focuses on the integration of gender in international science, technology, and innovation (STI) collaboration and draws lessons from international gender equality and feminist policy principles. It acknowledges that while international STI collaboration is becoming increasingly important, yet these fields are still male-dominated and resistant to women's meaningful participation. The study utilises the gendered organisations theory to examine the organisational processes involved in integrating gender equality and feminist (foreign) policy principles in institutions working with international STI related issues. Feminist policy principles enable examining gender dimension beyond binary definition and considers e.g., class, age, race, ethnicity and culture as factors constituting barriers for meaningful participation. The deliverable aims to understand the drivers and barriers for gender mainstreaming in international STI collaboration. The analysis is structured around the microfoundations of organisations, which encompass processes, tools, structures, and resources that are operationalized for gender mainstreaming. The study examines four different institutions from Finland, Spain, South Africa, and Mexico, representing both the Global North and the Global South.
Twisted Conformal Field Theories and Morita equivalence
Creators: name: Marotta, Vincenzo
name: Naddeo, Adele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Morita equivalence for field theories on noncommutative two-tori is analysed in detail for rational values of the noncommutativity parameter theta (in appropriate units): an isomorphism is established between an abelian noncommutative field theory (NCFT) and a non-abelian theory of twisted fields on ordinary space. We focus on a particular conformal field theory (CFT), the one obtained by means of the m-reduction procedure (V. Marotta, J. Phys. A 26 (1993) 3481; V. Marotta, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 13} (1998) 853; V. Marotta, Nucl. Phys. B 527 (1998) 717; V. Marotta, A. Sciarrino, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 13 (1998) 2863), and show that it is the Morita equivalent of a NCFT. Finally, the whole m-reduction procedure is shown to be the image in the ordinary space of the Morita duality. An application to the physics of a quantum Hall fluid at Jain fillings nu =m/2pm+1 is explicitly discussed in order to further elucidate such a correspondence and to clarify its role in the physics of strongly correlated systems. A new picture emerges, which is very different from the existing relationships between noncommutativity and many body systems (A. P. Polychronakos, arXiv:0706.1095v2).
description: 16 pages, 2 figures
Event shapes and jet rates in electron-positron annihilation at NNLO
Creators: name: Weinzierl, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article gives the perturbative NNLO results for the most commonly used event shape variables associated to three-jet events in electron-positron annihilation: Thrust, heavy jet mass, wide jet broadening, total jet broadening, C parameter and the Durham three-to-two jet transition variable. In addition the NNLO results for the jet rates corresponding to the Durham, Geneva, Jade-E0 and Cambridge jet algorithms are presented.
description: 54 pages
title: Interest Patterns for Four Occupations: Kuder Preference Record
Creators: name: Baer, Barbara Swensen
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1953

description: The problems of personnel placement and vocational choice at some time concern nearly everyone, as the employer or as the employee. Many people drift into their occupations, others shift from one wrong choice to another, while a large number are defeated by the struggle for success in an occupation for which they are not fitted. The mere placement of a worker on a job does not guarantee job success or interest in that job. In many cases no consideration is made of interests, general abilities, or special aptitudes, and even with a perfect diagnosis of these factors vocational choice still presents a problem.
Optical Properties of Correlated Materials -- or Why Intelligent Windows may look Dirty
Creators: name: Tomczak, Jan M.
name: Biermann, Silke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Materials with strong electronic Coulomb correlations play an increasing role in modern materials applications. "Thermochromic" systems, which exhibit thermally induced changes in their optical response, provide a particularly interesting case. The optical switching associated with the metal-insulator transition of vanadium dioxide, for example, has been proposed for use in numerous applications, ranging from anti-laser shields to "intelligent" windows, which selectively filter radiative heat in hot weather conditions. Are present-day electronic structure techniques able to describe, or -- eventually even predict -- such a kind of behavior ? How far are we from materials design using correlated oxides ? These are the central questions we try to address in this article. We review recent attempts of calculating optical properties of correlated materials within dynamical mean field theory, and summarize results for vanadium dioxide obtained within a novel scheme aiming at particularly simple and efficient calculations of optical transition matrix elements within localized basis sets. Finally, by optimizing the geometry of "intelligent windows", we argue that this kind of technique can in principle be used to provide guidance for experiments, thus giving a rather optimistic answer to the above questions.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, Phys. Status Solidi B 246, in print (2009), also available as psi-k Scientific Highlight of the Month, no. 88, August 2008, http://www.psi-k.org/newsletters/News_88/Highlight_88.pdf
Konditionierung von Kellerräumen in Wohngebäuden. Schlussbericht
Creators: name: Hauri, Claudia
name: Huber, Heinrich
name: Jasari, Jasin
name: Näf, Michael
name: Hoffmann, Caroline
name: Geissler, Achim
Publisher: name: EnergieSchweiz
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Kellerräume
subject: Lüftung
subject: Bestandsgebäude
subject: Neubau
subject: 624 - Ingenieurbau und Umwelttechnik

description: Das Ziel des Projektes ist es technisch interessierten Bauherrschaften, Planern, ausführenden Betrieben, Verwaltungen und Bewirtschaftern unabhängige und frei zugängliche Informationen zur energetisch optimalen Konditionierung von Kellerraumen in Wohnbauten zur Verfügung zu stellen. Neben diesem Bericht werden daher Merkblätter in deutscher, französischer und italienischer Sprache erstellt und auf der Webseite von EnergieSchweiz publiziert. Im Projekt werden Kellerräumen bei Neubauten, bei sanierten und unsanierten Gebäuden behandelt. Hierfür werden mit thermisch dynamischen Simulationen vier Varianten zur Konditionierung bezüglich Schimmelrisiko und Energieverbrauch untersucht.
title: Prediction of Academic Success in the College of Forestry
Creators: name: Peterson, Ronald Skeen
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1961

description: The College of Forest, Range and Wildlife Management (hereafter referred to as the College of Forestry) at Utah State University has been concerned for some time with the problem of selecting from the applicants to their school the ones whom they think will be able to complete the requirements for graduation. The large number of freshman students placed on probation at the end of the fall quarter and of succeeding quarters each year fives some idea of the magnitude of the problem. It is not unusual for 40 or 50 percent of the entering freshmen to be in this category.
The faculty of the College of Forestry is interested in the students, not only as potential professional foresters, but also as individuals. They recognize the fact that failure is not only emotionally upsetting but also expensive, especially for students who have come, as many of them have, from out of state. The loss of time and money on the part of the students, as well as the effort expended by the professors, is a waste of human resources. Because of their desire to give each student as much opportunity as possible to succeed, the College of Forestry has devised a very elaborate probation program. If the student fails to maintain a 2.0 (C average) for two consecutive quarters, he is asked to sign a statement indicating that if he is unable to get satisfactory grades the next quarter he will withdraw from school and not register again for two quarters. This provides the student with a "cooling off period'' during which he can re-evaluate his goals in terms of his past performance in school.
Earthquakes along Eltanin transform system, SE Pacific Ocean: fault segments characterized by strong and poor seismic coupling and implications for long-term earthquake prediction
Creators: name: Sykes, Lynn R.
name: Ekström, Göran
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Seismology
subject: Earthquakes
subject: Earthquake prediction

description: Centroid moment tensor solutions are recomputed for 190 earthquakes from 1976 to 2010 along the Heezen, Tharp and Hollister transform faults of the Eltanin system using a 3-D seismic velocity model. The total length of the three en echelon faults is nearly 1000 km; each is characterized by fast long-term rates of displacement of about 80 mm yr^-1. Strike-slip faulting with moment magnitudes Mw up to 6.4 characterizes most of these events. The few involving normal faulting are located up to 40 km on either side of the transforms and involve extension nearly normal to the transforms. This partitioning of slip likely results from changes during the last few million years in the Euler pole for relative motion between the Antarctic and Pacific plates. Some parts of the Heezen and Tharp transforms exhibit strong seismic coupling but others were aseismic at the resolution of our study, Mw > 5.0-5.5. Earthquakes were not found along nearby fast spreading ridges at that resolution. We calculate downdip widths of seismic coupling of about 5 km for four strongly coupled segments from observed moment rates and lengths along strike assuming earthquake activity accounts for the entire plate motion. Major differences in seismic coupling along strike are not in accord with common thermal models of plate cooling but instead are attributed to varying degrees of metamorphism, rock type and effective normal stress and possibly to the presence of short intratransform spreading centres. One 30-42-km-long segment of the Heezen transform that appears to be an isolated well-coupled asperity has ruptured in eight earthquakes of Mw 5.9-6.1 quasi-periodically with a coefficient of variation of 0.26 every 4.0 ± 1.0 yr. Other well-coupled fault segments, which were sites with earthquakes up to Mw 6.39 and fewer events since 1976, have average repeat times of about 7-24 yr. The fast rate of plate motion, maximum size of events and relatively short repeat times make these fault segments a good laboratory for research on quasi-periodic behaviour and earthquake prediction.
Dopaminergic Circuits for Compulsion: The Dorsomedial Striatum in Punishment-Resistant Reward-Seeking
Creators: name: Seiler, Jillian Leigh
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Compulsive behavior is a defining feature of disorders such as substance use disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Current evidence suggests that corticostriatal circuits control the expression of established compulsions, but little is known about the mechanisms regulating the development of compulsions. This work hypothesized that dopamine, a critical modulator of striatal synaptic plasticity, could control alterations in corticostriatal circuits leading to the development of compulsions (defined as continued reward-seeking in the face of punishment). The first aim utilized dual-site fiber photometry to measure dopamine axon activity in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) as compulsions emerged. Individual variability in the speed with which compulsions emerged was predicted by DMS dopamine axon activity. In the second aim, we manipulated the activity of DMS and DLS dopamine terminals using excitatory and inhibitory optogenetics. Amplifying the DMS dopamine signal accelerated animals’ transitions to compulsion, whereas inhibition led to learning delays. In contrast, amplifying DLS dopamine signaling had no effect on the emergence of compulsions. These results establish DMS dopamine signaling as a key controller of the development of compulsive reward-seeking.
Mixed-precision ocean modelling at ECMWF
Creators: name: Hatfield, Sam
name: Mogensen, Kristian
name: Dueben, Peter
name: Wedi, Nils
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: The resolution of Earth System models may be substantially increased in the next decade with the emergence of exascale supercomputer architectures. These architectures will likely support a range of floating-point precisions, and prompt us to reconsider our use of double-precision as a default. Single-precision arithmetic, for example, has been successfully applied to atmospheric models where 40% reductions of computational cost have been observed. Equally, the potential for reduction of numerical precision in ocean models has recently been explored (GMD 12, 3135–3148, 2019). Given that ocean models are, like atmospheric models, memory and communication bound, the use of single- or mixed-double-single-precision can be expected to deliver similar performance gains. For both atmosphere and ocean, there are however remaining questions regarding the impact on variables with long-timescale memory, the dependence on subtle differences in weak gradient scenarios of mixed-phase fluids, and more generally transport uncertainty, which would benefit from a systematic intercomparison of both algorithmic choices and their precision sensitivity. Here we present preliminary results from running NEMO with single-precision arithmetic at ECMWF, focusing on its computational and forecast performance, with respect to the double-precision model. We focus on a double-gyre, mesoscale eddy-resolving test case and a global 1/4 degree ORCA configuration complete with sea-ice. We find that, in some cases, single-precision can deliver a greater than 2x speed-up with respect to double-precision, though the impact on the model climatology and forecast performance is as yet not explored comprehensively. In this regard, we welcome any advice and insights from other users of NEMO.
Education and Outreach for the International Polar Year
Creators: name: Pfirman, Stephanie L.
name: Bell, Robin E.
name: Turrin, Margaret J.
name: Maru, Poonam
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Climatic changes
subject: Science--Study and teaching

description: If the 65 educators, scientists, and media specialists who gathered at the "Bridging the Poles" workshop in Washington, D.C. last June have their way a semitrailer truck labeled "Got Snow?" would traverse the country during the International Polar Year (IPY) of 2007-2009 loaded with polar gear, interactive activities, and a snowmaker. We would significantly increase the number of Arctic residents—especially indigenous Alaskans—with Ph.D.s. We would build exchange programs between inner city youths and polar residents. Polar exhibitions would open at natural history and art museums and zoos. And polar postage stamps, interactive polar computer games, national polar book-of-the-month recommendations, made-for-TV polar documentaries, and a polar youth forum would bring the poles front and center to the public's attention.
title: The Effects of Counselor Age, Sex and Attire on Client Preferences for Counselors
Creators: name: Zohner, Alan Leonard
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1979

description: The purpose of this study was to determine the preferences, if any, subjects have for counselors based on counselor characteristics of age, sex and attire. Photographs were taken of persons of differing ages (old, middle-age, young), sex (male, female) and attire (formal, casual, grub). One-hundred and five college and non-college adults were shown the photographs, asked to perceive the photographs as being those of counselors, and asked to rank their preferences for the persons depicted as counselors using a modified Q sort methodology. To determine whether the subjects had actually perceived the photographs as representing counselors and, therefore, discriminated among them on that basis, the subjects were also instructed to perceive the photographed individuals as attorneys and as friends, and to rank their preferences for the persons pictured under these conditions.
Statistical analysis of the data was accomplished by assigning each photograph a numerical value (weighting) from one to seven, based on the location (ranking) it had been given by each subject. This procedure resulted in each photograph receiving a score each time a subject ranked the set of pictures. The data were analyzed using three three-way analyses of variance.
Significant main effects were found for counselor age (F=6.77; df=2; p
The manipulation of subject perception of the photographs appeared successful. The results indicated that systematic differences occurred in subject rankings of the photographs when the photographed individuals were perceived and ranked separately as counselors, attorneys and friends, respectively.
From the results of the study it was concluded that counselor age, attire and, to a lesser extent, sex are related to subject preferences for counselors. Recommendations concerning the applications of the results to practical settings and areas of further research were given.
Dynamics of entanglement in the transverse Ising model
Creators: name: Chang, Zhe
name: Wu, Ning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of nearest-neighbor entanglement in the one dimensional Ising model with an external transverse field. The system is initialized as the so called "thermal ground state" of the pure Ising model. We analyze properties of generation of entanglement for different regions of external transverse fields. We find that the derivation of the time at which the entanglement reaches its first maximum with respect to the reciprocal transverse field has a minimum at the critical point. This is a new indicator of quantum phase transition.
description: To be published in PRA
A way to estimate the heavy quark thermalization rate from the lattice
Creators: name: Caron-Huot, Simon
name: Laine, Mikko
name: Moore, Guy D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermalization rate of a heavy quark is related to its momentum diffusion coefficient. Starting from a Kubo relation and using the framework of the heavy quark effective theory, we argue that in the large-mass limit the momentum diffusion coefficient can be defined through a certain Euclidean correlation function, involving color-electric fields along a Polyakov loop. Furthermore, carrying out a perturbative computation, we demonstrate that the spectral function corresponding to this correlator is relatively flat at small frequencies. Therefore, unlike in the case of several other transport coefficients, for which the narrowness of the transport peak makes analytic continuation from Euclidean lattice data susceptible to severe systematic uncertainties, it appears that the determination of the heavy quark thermalization rate could be relatively well under control.
description: 17 pages. v2: clarifications and references added, published version
Observational learning study concerning some factors in imitation and identifications
Creators: name: Young, Jean Carol
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This study was designed to investigate some features of the stimulus in observational learning which might be used to make a distinction between imitation and identification on an experimental level. The effective stimulus in imitation was considered to be the behavioral task of the model, or "the specific behavioral event" whereas in identification it was defined as general personality characteristics such as status, goodness, or intelligence which are generalized over time from numerous imitative habits to elicit a more global long-term response. On a pre-test, six year olds and nine year olds were shown two symbolic models simultaneously (an imitation model and an identification model) and were asked to perform the task that the models had done (color a picture) to assess their tendency towards similarity to one or the other (by copying one model's picture more than the other); that is, to attempt to identify with or to imitate the models. During the experimental phase, each of the two age groups were divided in to two experimental treatment groups. For one experimental group the effective stimulus in the identification model was emphasized and for the other the effective stimulus in the imitation model was emphasized. It was predicted that such a procedure would alter or strengthen the predominant response. Later, a post-test was administered to see if the alteration or strengthening of the response was stable or if it had occurred only during the experimental phase, For the most part, it was found that six year olds imitated while nine year olds identified in the pre-test. However, the experimental manipulations seemed to be most effective with the six year olds. As well, the effective stimuli used to differentiate identification and imitation had a significant effect on the children throughout the study, confirming the position that the two responses could he differentiated on the basis of the stimuli which evoke them. Some methological problems in carrying out observational learning studies are discussed.
Evaluation of the BGM-3 sea gravity meter system onboard R/V Conrad
Creators: name: Bell, Robin E.
name: Watts, Anthony B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geophysics
subject: Remote sensing

description: The first Bell Aerospace BGM-3 Marine Gravity Meter System available for academic use was installed on R/V Robert D. Conrad in February, 1984. The BGM-3 system consists of a forced feedback accelerometer mounted on a gyrostabilized platform. Its sensor (requiring no cross-coupling correction) is a significant improvement over existing beam and spring-type sea gravimeters such as the GSS-2. A gravity survey over the Wallops Island test range together with the results of subsequent cruises allow evaluation of the precision, accuracy, and capabilities of the new system. Over the test range, the BGM-3 data were compared directly to data obtained by a GSS-2 meter onboard R/V Conrad. The rms discrepancy between free-air gravity anomaly values at intersecting ship tracks of R/V Conrad was ±0.38 mGal for BGM-3 compared to ±1.60 mGal for the GSS-2. Moreover, BGM-3's platform recovered from abrupt changes in ship's heading more rapidly than did the platform of GSS-2. The principal factor limiting the accuracy of sea gravity data is navigation. Over the test range, where navigation was by Loran C and transit satellite, a two-step filtering of the ship's velocity and position was required to obtain an optimal Eötvös correction. A spectral analysis of 1 minute values of the Eötvös correction and the reduced free-air gravity anomaly determined the filter characteristics. To minimize the coherence between the Eötvös and free-air anomaly, it was necessary to prefilter the ship's position and velocity. Using this procedure, reduced free-air gravity anomalies with wavelengths as small as a few kilometers can be resolved.
A detailed chronology of the Australasian impact event, the Brunhes-Matuyama geomagnetic polarity reversal, and global climate change
Creators: name: Schneider, David A.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Mello, Gilberto A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: A mechanism had been recently proposed to show how an impact event can trigger a geomagnetic polarity reversal by means of rapid climate cooling. We test the proposed mechanism by examining the record from two high sedimentation rate (8–11 cm/kyr) deep-sea sediment cores (ODP Sites 767 and 769) from marginal seas of the Indonesian archipelago, which record the Australasian impact with well-defined microtektite layers, the Brunhes-Matuyama polarity reversal with strong and stable remanent magnetizations, and global climate with oxygen isotope variations in planktonic foraminifera. Both ODP cores show the impact to have preceded the reversal of magnetic field directions by about 12 kyr. Both records indicate that the field intensity was increasing near the time of impact and that it continued to increase for about 4 kyr afterwards. Furthermore, the oxygen isotope record available from sediments at ODP Site 769 shows no indication of discernible climate cooling following the impact: the microtektite event occurred in the later part of glacial Stage 20 and was followed by a smooth warming trend to interglacial Stage 19. Thus the detailed chronology does not support the previously proposed model which would predict that a decrease in geomagnetic field intensity resulted from a minor glaciation following the impact event. We conclude that the evidence for a causal link between impacts and geomagnetic reversals remains insufficient to demonstrate a physical connection.
Mixed-precision sensitivity in Earth- System modelling
Creators: name: Hatfield, Sam
name: Mogensen, Kristian
name: Dueben, Peter
name: Wedi, Nils
name: Tinto, Oriol
name: Acosta, Mario
name: Castrillo, Miguel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: The resolution of Earth System models may be substantially increased in the next decade with the emergence of exascale supercomputer architectures, provided that mathematical and algorithmic developments for these models of the atmosphere, ocean, sea-ice and biogeochemistry can adequately handle heterogeneous node architectures supporting different levels of numerical precision combined with complex memory hierarchies. This requires us to carefully test precision sensitivity in archetypal geophysical flow scenarios, review the algorithmic choices and their implementation, and build confidence in the revised or newly proposed methods when reconsidering the need of double-precision floating-point arithmetic as a default choice. Single-precision arithmetic, for example, has been successfully applied to atmospheric models where 40% reductions of computational cost have been observed. Equally, the potential for reduction of numerical precision in ocean models has recently been explored (GMD 12, 3135–3148, 2019). Given that ocean models are, like atmospheric models, memory and communication bound, the use of single- or mixed-precision can be expected to deliver similar performance gains. For both atmosphere and ocean, there are however remaining questions regarding the impact on variables with long-timescale memory, the dependence on subtle differences in weak gradient scenarios of mixed-phase fluids, and more generally transport uncertainty, which would benefit from a systematic intercomparison of both algorithmic choices and their precision sensitivity. Here we present preliminary results from running the NEMO model with single-precision arithmetic, focusing on its computational and forecast performance, with respect to the double-precision model. We focus on a double-gyre, mesoscale eddy-resolving test case and use this example to motivate discussions on how consistent test cases could be constructed to test different ocean model configurations. As the use of reduced precision will generate complex non-linear feedbacks in eddy-permitting ocean models, it will be essential to relate and compare changes due to a precision reduction to changes of conventional model parameters or different models entirely. This will allow us to put the model response into the context of the model's algorithmic uncertainty. We find that, in some cases, single-precision can deliver a greater than 2x speed-up with respect to double-precision.
Paleomagnetism of Leg 115 Sediments: Implications for Neogene Magnetostratigraphy and Paleolatitude of the Réunion Hotspot
Creators: name: Schneider, David A.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Oceanography

description: Ocean Drilling Program Leg 115 was designed to study Neogene sedimentation history in the western Indian Ocean Basin as well as the Cenozoic evolution of the Reunion hotspot. We describe the paleomagnetic analysis of the sediments recovered on this leg, focusing on the sites that provided the most readily interpretable data: Sites 706, 709, 710, and 711. Sediments from Site 706 show no reversals but appear to give a reliable reversed polarity primary direction, judged on the basis of the demagnetization behavior of individual samples as well as from the results of a fold test formulated by comparing the two holes drilled at this site. Magnetic polarity stratigraphy in sediments from Site 709 can be deduced in two limited sections of Pliocene-Pleistocene and Oligocene-Miocene age. Sediments recovered at Site 710 (and, to a lesser extent, Site 711) render a relatively continuous magnetic polarity stratigraphy that spans most of the Neogene and adds significantly to the body of data available to address problems in Miocene geochronology. In addition to these magnetostratigraphic results, the paleomagnetism of these sediments can be used to determine paleolatitude. Using the most reliable inclination measurements from Sites 706, 710, and 711, we compared paleomagnetic estimates of paleolatitude with estimates derived from a hotspot-based absolute plate motion model. Our data, which covers the interval since 33 Ma, shows that paleolatitudes calculated with the geocentric axial dipole assumption are in general accord with the hotspot predictions. However, a correction for the long-term nondipole field brings the paleomagnetic results into even better agreement with plate motions that are based on the fixity of African hotspots.
Paleomagnetic results from the Silurian of the Yangtze paraplatform
Creators: name: Opdyke, Neil D.
name: Huang, K.
name: Xu, G.
name: Zhang, W. Y.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geology, Stratigraphic

description: Detailed sampling of two short magnetozones within the Matuyama Chronozone recorded at DSDP Site 609 (49.86°N, 335.77°E) confirms that one, the Cobb Mountain Subchronozone (1.12 Ma), is a very short, full normal polarity interval and that the other, the older interval, is a record of a geomagnetic excursion which occurred at approximately 1.55 Ma. The Cobb Mountain Subchron lasted approximately 25,000 years, one third the duration of the Jaramillo Subchron. The normal polarity interval is bounded by two transition zones which document an antisymmetry in the sequence of directions in the reverse to normal and normal to reverse polarity transitions. We interpret the antisymmetry as reflecting a dependence upon the sense of the reversal, without significant changes in the relative contributions of non-dipole terms. The polarity interval recorded at 1.55 Ma lasted only 8,800 years with what may be regarded as full polarity directions observed across only 3 cm of stratigraphic section. This feature is interpreted as an excursion of the geomagnetic field and appears to be correlative with the Gilsa Subchron. Similarities between the transition bounding these two magnetozones suggest that these features occur as the result of the same process or triggering mechanisms in the earth's outer core.
The secrets of T Pyxidis II. A recurrent nova that will not become a SN Ia
Creators: name: Selvelli, P.
name: Cassatella, A.
name: Gilmozzi, R.
name: Gonzalez-Riestra, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By various methods, we obtained L$_{disk}$ $\sim$ 70 L$_{\odot}$ and $\dot{M}$ $\sim$1.1 $\times$ 10$^{-8}$ M$_{\odot}$yr$^{-1}$. These values were about twice as high in the pre-1966-outburst epoch. This allowed the first direct estimate of the total mass accreted before outburst, M$_{accr}$=$\dot{M}_{pre-OB}$ $\cdot Δ$t, and its comparison with the critical ignition mass M$_{ign}$. We found M$_{accr}$ and M$_{ign}$ to be in perfect agreement (with a value close to 5 $\times$ 10$^{-7}$M$_{\odot}$) for M$_1$ $\sim$ 1.37 M$_{\odot}$, which provides a confirmation of the thermonuclear runaway theory. The comparison of the observed parameters of the eruption phase, with the corresponding values in the grid of models by Yaron and collaborators, provides satisfactory agreement for values of M$_1$ close to 1.35 M$_{\odot}$ and log$\dot{M}$ between -8.0 and -7.0, but the observed value of the decay time t$_3$ is higher than expected. The long duration of the optically thick phase during the recorded outbursts of T Pyx, a spectroscopic behavior typical of classical novae, and the persistence of P Cyg profiles, constrains the ejected mass M$_{ign}$ to within 10$^{-5}$ - 10$^{-4}$ M$_{\odot}$. Therefore, T Pyx ejects far more material than it has accreted, and the mass of the white dwarf will not increase to the Chandrasekhar limit as generally believed in recurrent novae. A detailed study based on the UV data excludes the possibility that T Pyx belongs to the class of the supersoft X-ray sources, as has been postulated. XMM-NEWTON observations have revealed a weak, hard source and confirmed this interpretation.
Northern Hemisphere winter snow anomalies: ENSO, NAO and the winter of 2009/10
Creators: name: Seager, Richard
name: Kushnir, Yochanan
name: Nakamura, Jennifer A.
name: Ting, Mingfang
name: Naik, Naomi H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Climatology
Snow

description: Winter 2009/10 had anomalously large snowfall in the central parts of the United States and in northwestern Europe. Connections between seasonal snow anomalies and the large scale atmospheric circulation are explored. An El Niño state is associated with positive snowfall anomalies in the southern and central United States and along the eastern seaboard and negative anomalies to the north. A negative NAO causes positive snow anomalies across eastern North America and in northern Europe. It is argued that increased snowfall in the southern U.S. is contributed to by a southward displaced storm track but further north, in the eastern U.S. and northern Europe, positive snow anomalies arise from the cold temperature anomalies of a negative NAO. These relations are used with observed values of NINO3 and the NAO to conclude that the negative NAO and El Niño event were responsible for the northern hemisphere snow anomalies of winter 2009/10.
Soft gamma-ray constraints on a bright flare from the Galactic Center supermassive black hole
Creators: name: Trap, G.
name: Goldwurm, A.
name: Terrier, R.
name: Dodds-Eden, K.
name: Gillessen, S.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Pantin, E.
name: Lagage, P. O.
name: Ferrando, P.
name: Belanger, G.
name: Porquet, D.
name: Grosso, N.
name: Yusef-Zadeh, F.
name: Melia, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) is the supermassive black hole residing at the center of the Milky Way. It has been the main target of an extensive multiwavelength campaign we carried out in April 2007. Herein, we report the detection of a bright flare from the vicinity of the horizon, observed simultaneously in X-rays (XMM/EPIC) and near infrared (VLT/NACO) on April 4th for 1-2 h. For the first time, such an event also benefitted from a soft gamma-rays (INTEGRAL/ISGRI) and mid infrared (VLT/VISIR) coverage, which enabled us to derive upper limits at both ends of the flare spectral energy distribution (SED). We discuss the physical implications of the contemporaneous light curves as well as the SED, in terms of synchrotron, synchrotron self-Compton and external Compton emission processes.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ASR
Generalized Dynamical Mean-Field Theory for Bose-Fermi Mixtures in Optical Lattices
Creators: name: Titvinidze, I.
name: Snoek, M.
name: Hofstetter, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a detailed discussion of the recently developed Generalized Dynamical Mean-Field Theory (GDMFT) for a mixture of bosonic and fermionic particles. We show that this method is non-perturbative and exact in infinite dimensions and reliably describes the full range from weak to strong coupling. Like in conventional Dynamical Mean-Field Theory, the small parameter is 1/z, where z is the lattice coordination number. We apply the GDMFT scheme to a mixture of spinless fermions and bosons in an optical lattice. We investigate the ossibility of a supersolid phase, focussing on the case of 1/2 filling for the fermions and 3/2 filling for the bosons.
description: 12+ pages 6 figures