cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Robust Semi-supervised Least Squares Classification by Implicit Constraints
Creators: name: Krijthe, Jesse H.
name: Loog, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce the implicitly constrained least squares (ICLS) classifier, a novel semi-supervised version of the least squares classifier. This classifier minimizes the squared loss on the labeled data among the set of parameters implied by all possible labelings of the unlabeled data. Unlike other discriminative semi-supervised methods, this approach does not introduce explicit additional assumptions into the objective function, but leverages implicit assumptions already present in the choice of the supervised least squares classifier. This method can be formulated as a quadratic programming problem and its solution can be found using a simple gradient descent procedure. We prove that, in a limited 1-dimensional setting, this approach never leads to performance worse than the supervised classifier. Experimental results show that also in the general multidimensional case performance improvements can be expected, both in terms of the squared loss that is intrinsic to the classifier, as well as in terms of the expected classification error.
description: Appeared as Pattern Recognition Volume 63, March 2017, Pages 115-126. This version of the manuscript fixes some typos in the equations on page 9 that are incorrect in the published version
Experimental investigation of the detection mechanism in WSi nanowire superconducting single photon detectors
Creators: name: Gaudio, Rosalinda
name: Renema, Jelmer J.
name: Zhou, Zili
name: Verma, Varun B.
name: Lita, Adriana E.
name: Shainline, Jeffrey
name: Stevens, Martin J.
name: Mirin, Richard P.
name: Nam, Sae Woo
name: van Exter, Martin P.
name: de Dood, Michiel J. A.
name: Fiore, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use quantum detector tomography to investigate the detection mechanism in WSi nanowire superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs). To this purpose, we fabricated a 250nm wide and 250nm long WSi nanowire and measured its response to impinging photons with wavelengths ranging from $λ$ = 900 nm to $λ$ = 1650 nm. Tomographic measurements show that the detector response depends on the total excitation energy only. Moreover, for energies Et > 0.8eV the current energy relation is linear, similar to what was observed in NbN nanowires, whereas the current-energy relation deviates from linear behaviour for total energies below 0.8eV.
A Tool to Optimize the Layout of Ground-Based PV Installations Taking into Account the Economic Boundary Conditions
Creators: name: Wittmer, B.
name: Mermoud, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Standardisation as Tool for Innovation and Cost Reduction

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3493-3498
description: Current optimization tools and methods for the layout of large PV installations aim at maximizing the yield or the performance ratio of the installation. Nevertheless, there are situations, where the economical boundary conditions, namely the investment and maintenance costs, the availability of surface and the feed-in tariff have an impact on the optimal design choices. We propose a tool which addresses this problem by finding the ground covering ratio and tilt angle that maximize the economic benefits. Furthermore for feed-in-tariffs that vary with the time of the day, the optimization also includes the azimuthal orientation of the collector plane. The method is intended to support PV installation designers in making optimal design choices from an economical point of view. The problem consists in a multivariable optimization, subject to specific boundary conditions. To solve this problem the relative energy yield of the installation has to be known as function of the design parameters. This is obtained with the help of PV simulation software. The proposed tool then offers comprehensive and synthetic views of the economical and design parameters, providing graphs that allow a quick spotting of the optimal choices. After describing the details of the tool, a few typical scenarios will be discussed as examples.
Enhanced circular photogalvanic effect in HgTe quantum wells in the heavily inverted regime
Creators: name: Li, Jun
name: Yang, Wen
name: Liu, Jiang-Tao
name: Huang, Wei
name: Li, Cheng
name: Chen, Song-Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thanks to the strong spin-orbit interaction (SOI), HgTe-based quantum wells (QWs) exhibit very rich spin-related properties. But the full descriptions of them are beyond the simple parabolic band models and conventional Rashba and Dresselhaus SOI terms, as a result of the strong interband coupling of the narrow gap band structures. Here, we develop a theoretical method to calculate the circular photogalvanic effect (CPGE) in Hg$_{0.3}$Cd$_{0.7}$Te/HgTe/Hg$_{0.3}$Cd$_{0.7}$Te quantum wells (HgTe QWs) based on the realistic eight-band $\mathbf{k}\cdot\mathbf{p}$ model with density matrix formalism. Our method could take account of the unusual band structures and SOIs of HgTe QWs, therefore can be used to calculate the CPGE currents in HgTe QWs with non-parabolic, Dirac-like and inverted energy dispersions. The microscopic origin of CPGE and the interplay effect of structure inversion asymmetry (SIA) and bulk inversion asymmetry (BIA) is also investigated. In addition, this method is extended to study the pure spin currents (PSCs) in HgTe QWs injected by linearly polarized light at normal incidence. Our calculation results support the following findings: (i) In the inverted phase regime, the energy dispersion of heavily inverted HgTe QWs could be strongly distorted, lead to a significant enhancement of CPGE at a certain range of energy spectrum. (ii) The interplay of SIA and BIA could lead to the CPGE currents anisotropically dependent on the azimuth angle of oblique incident light. (iii) The PSC $j_{y'}^{x'}$ ($x'\parallel[110]$ and $y'\parallel[\bar{1}10]$) produced by [110]-linearly-polarized light could change sign with HgTe QW transformed from normal phase to inverted phase. These findings might be utilized in developing the HgTe-based infrared/terahertz optoelectronic and spintronic devices.
Moving horizon estimation for discrete-time linear systems with binary sensors: algorithms and stability results
Creators: name: Battistelli, Giorgio
name: Chisci, Luigi
name: Gherardini, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The paper addresses state estimation for linear discrete-time systems with binary (threshold) measurements. A Moving Horizon Estimation (MHE) approach is followed and different estimators, characterized by two different choices of the cost function to be minimized and/or by the possible inclusion of constraints, are proposed. Specifically, the cost function is either quadratic, when only the information pertaining to the threshold-crossing instants is exploited, or piece-wise quadratic, when all the available binary measurements are taken into account. Stability results are provided for the proposed MHE algorithms in the presence of unknown but bounded disturbances and measurement noises. Performance of the proposed techniques is also assessed by means of a simulation example.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures; references added, typos corrected, and numerical results extended
Three-point Functions in Duality-Invariant Higher-Derivative Gravity
Creators: name: Naseer, Usman
name: Zwiebach, Barton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Doubled $α'$-geometry is the simplest higher-derivative gravitational theory with exact global duality symmetry. We use the double metric formulation of this theory to compute on-shell three-point functions to all orders in $α'$. A simple pattern emerges when comparing with the analogous bosonic and heterotic three-point functions. As in these theories, the amplitudes factorize. The theory has no Gauss-Bonnet term, but contains a Riemann-cubed interaction to second order in $α'$.
description: Typos in eqns (3.5) and (4.7) have been fixed
Effective diffusion coefficient including the Marangoni effect
Creators: name: Kitahata, Hiroyuki
name: Yoshinaga, Natsuhiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surface-active molecules supplied from a particle fixed at the water surface create a spatial gradient of the molecule concentration, resulting in Marangoni convection. Convective flow transports the molecules far from the particle, enhancing diffusion. We analytically derive the effective diffusion coefficient associated with the Marangoni convection rolls. The resulting estimated effective diffusion coefficient is consistent with our numerical results and the apparent diffusion coefficient measured in experiments.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Expansion Opportunity for Off-Grid PV to Go Mainstream: Case Studies for Village Electrification and Telecom Power-Up in India
Creators: name: Skumanich, A.
name: Mints, P.
name: Reddy, S.
name: Loka, P.
name: Polsani, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: PV APPLICATIONS
PV Applications without a Centralised Grid

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3525-3528
description: The authors are part of an extended team which has successfully installed ~1MW of PV in India to provide rural electrification via micro-grids. After the initial installations, follow-on activity has scaled-up and expanded the level of PV more than threefold. Several expansion case studies provide lessons learned. Three types of installations are developed: rural village electrification, water-pump stations, and also Telecom tower stations. A common and important lesson learned emerges from these applications, namely that mixing the PV with batteries and with diesel generators provides the best, and most cost effective path for power-up. This conclusion is particularly relevant to the Telecom industry which has major growth potential for PV, but which has requirements for dispatchability and for cost management. The overall conclusion is that only for water pumps is PV alone a viable option. The solution for rural electrification is PV+battery, and for Telecom, a mix of PV/battery/diesel. Key lessons learned from the applications are discussed with the view of optimized performing solution for each application. A visionary forecast projects this market to develop to >10’s of GW over the next decades.
Influences of Different Lamination Conditions on the Reliability of Encapsulation of PV Modules
Creators: name: Wu, D.
name: Zhu, J.
name: Montiel-Chicharro, D.
name: Betts, T.R.
name: Gottschalg, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Quality and Sustainability in Manufacturing and Recycling

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3415-3420
description: A high quality encapsulation is required for photovoltaic (PV) modules to ensure the long-term
performance and reliability. For crystalline silicon PV modules, the encapsulation is normally carried out using a flatbed
laminator where temperature, time, pressure and cooling rate are able to be controlled. These parameters will
influence the properties of encapsulation materials which are expected to be linked with their weather resistivity and
thus the durability of PV modules. This paper investigates the influences of three different lamination temperatures of
125oC, 135oC and 145oC on the encapsulation durability of PV modules from the viewpoint of adhesion strength, the
cross-linking states of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA), chemical stability and optical changes. Results show that
laminates cured at 125oC is less stable than that cured at higher temperature with problems like weak adhesion
between EVA and backsheet, bad crosslinking, unstable chemical properties and obvious optical yellowing and haze.
Samples cured at 135oC and 145oC are comparable. Curing temperature of 145oC ensures high crosslinking which in
turn reduces the mobility of EVA molecules which compensates the advantages of higher temperature on material
diffusion. Higher temperature also increases material stiffness which although improves EVA creep resistance,
increases material brittleness. 135oC has a good curing state but is less chemical and optical stable than that cured at
145oC.
$K \to π$ semileptonic form factors with $N_f=2+1+1$ Twisted Mass fermions
Creators: name: Carrasco, N.
name: Lami, P.
name: Lubicz, V.
name: Riggio, L.
name: Simula, S.
name: Tarantino, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a lattice QCD determination of the vector and scalar form factors of the semileptonic $K \to π\ell ν$ decay which are relevant for the extraction of the CKM matrix element $|V_{us}|$ from experimental data. Our results are based on the gauge configurations produced by the European Twisted Mass Collaboration with $N_f = 2+1+1$ dynamical fermions, which include in the sea, besides two light mass degenerate quarks, also the strange and the charm quarks. We use data simulated at three different values of the lattice spacing and with pion masses as small as $210$ MeV. Our final result for the vector form factor at zero momentum transfer is $f_+(0) = 0.9709 (46)$, where the uncertainty is both statistical and systematic combined in quadrature. Using the latest experimental value of $f_+(0) |V_{us}|$ from $K_{\ell 3}$ decays, we obtain $|V_{us}| = 0.2230 (11)$, which allows to test the unitarity constraint of the Standard Model below the permille level once the determination of $|V_{ud}|$ from superallowed nuclear $β$ decays is adopted. A slight tension with unitarity at the level of $\sim 2$ standard deviations is observed. Moreover we present our results for the semileptonic scalar $f_0(q^2)$ and vector $f_+(q^2)$ form factors in the whole range of values of the squared four-momentum transfer $q^2$ measured in $K_{\ell 3}$ decays, obtaining a very good agreement with the momentum dependence of the experimental data. We provide a set of synthetic data points representing our results for the vector and scalar form factors at the physical point for several selected values of $q^2$.
description: 37 pages, 5 tables, 9 figures; version to appear in PRD
Establishment of Wavelength Traceability of a DSR-Facility Using Array Spectroradiometers and a Fourier-Transform-Spectroradiometer
Creators: name: Kröger, I.
name: Plag, F.
name: Fey, T.
name: Witt, F.
name: Winter, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Standardisation as Tool for Innovation and Cost Reduction

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3447-3451
description: The wavelength calibration of a monochromator based differential spectral responsivity (DSR)-facility
becomes of crucial importance if the spectral responsivities (SR) of solar cells under test differ significantly from the
SR of the reference detector. Since the latter is mainly based on crystalline silicon, this problem is of major
importance for the calibration of spectrally filtered reference solar cells as well as for all types of thin films solar cells
including organic photovoltaic (PV). Here we show a new traceability chain for the wavelength calibration at PTB
using a Fourier-Transform-Spectroradiometer (FTS). The FTS is calibrated against an external HeNe-laser in order to
correct for misalignment of the internal optics and the internal HeNe-laser. The FTS is calibrated radiometrically
against a standard lamp for correction of the SR of the internal detectors. Hence the FTS is traceable to the SI-unit
system. Then an array-spectroradiometer is calibrated against the FTS using the tunable quasi-monochromatic
radiation of a DSR-facility in the whole spectral range of the array-spectroradiometer. Thus the wavelength scale of
this array-spectroradiometer is traceably to the SI and is then applied for wavelength calibration of PTB’s DSR
facilities.
Solar Resources and Carbon Footprint of Photovoltaic Power in Different Regions in Europe
Creators: name: De Wild-Scholten, M.
name: Cassagne, V.
name: Huld, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Quality and Sustainability in Manufacturing and Recycling

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3421-3430
description: The 2011 world average carbon footprint of PV system manufacturing is estimated as 1798 kg CO2-
eq/kWp using technology shares (multi, mono, film Si, CdTe, CIGS) as weighting factors. The electricity mixes of all
production countries of poly-Si, wafer, cell and modules was taken into account. New yearly irradiation data (kWh/m2)
and PV energy output (kWh/kWp) are calculated for different regions in Europe on NUTS level 1 and 2 for horizontal,
optimum and vertical angle. The world average carbon footprint of PV electricity generation is estimated as 55 g CO2-
eq/kWh with cumulative installations as weighting factors. Lowest value of 38 g CO2-eq/kWh is for Cyprus which has a
high irradiation and the highest value of 89 g CO2-eq/kWh is for Iceland which has a low irradiation. It is assumed that
the PV modules are installed at optimal angle to the sun and end-of-life treatment is excluded. The majority of countries
can decrease the greenhouse gas emission of electricity generation by increasing the share of photovoltaics.
Characterization of Prototype Systems for Istc Measurements on Solar Cells
Creators: name: Witt, F.
name: Sperfeld, P.
name: Kröger, I.
name: Fey, T.
name: Winter, S.
name: Nishikawa, Y.
name: Imai, K.
name: Miyao, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Standardisation as Tool for Innovation and Cost Reduction

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3431-3434
description: The working group “Solar Cells” of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt investigated in a joint project with
Konica Minolta a combination of newly developed devices for exact measurements of the short circuit current under
standard test conditions of innovative solar cells. Here a virtual solar cell is derived from the spectral responsivity of
such a solar cell measured with a prototype system for Differential Spectral Responsivity (DSR) measurements and
realized by an array spectroradiometer. In this work PTB and Konica Minolta investigated the accuracy of these
devices and performed a detailed study of optical properties such as homogeneity, wavelength accuracy and angular
dependence. The performance of each component as well as the combination of the devices has been analyzed.
Hölder regularity for Maxwell's equations under minimal assumptions on the coefficients
Creators: name: Alberti, Giovanni S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q61, 35J57, 35B65, 35Q60

description: We prove global Hölder regularity for the solutions to the time-harmonic anisotropic Maxwell's equations, under the assumptions of Hölder continuous coefficients. The regularity hypotheses on the coefficients are minimal. The same estimates hold also in the case of bianisotropic material parameters.
description: 11 pages
Measurement of Irradiance Sensors for "PR" Calculation in PV Plants
Creators: name: Alonso-Abella, M.
name: Chenlo, F.
name: Fabero, F.
name: Ariza, M.A.
name: Mejuto, E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Standardisation as Tool for Innovation and Cost Reduction

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3452-3455
description: A total of 3270 irradiance sensors have been characterized in the CIEMAT PV laboratory during last 7
years. These irradiance sensors are mainly being used to measure the Performance Ratio, PR, of PV grid connected
plants. Sensors includes Pyranometers, Pyrheliometers, Reference Cells (m-Si & p-Si), and short-circuited reference
PV modules. These sensors have been characterized using our own measurement procedure under natural global solar
irradiance by comparison against a reference pyranometer.
The Derivation and Approximation of Coarse-grained Dynamics from Langevin Dynamics
Creators: name: Ma, Lina
name: Li, Xiantao
name: Liu, Chun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a derivation of a coarse-grained model from the Langevin dynamics. The focus is placed on the memory kernel function and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Also presented is an hierarchy of approximations for the memory and random noise terms, using rational approximations in the Laplace domain. These approximations offer increasing accuracy. More importantly, they eliminate the need to evaluate the integral associated with the memory term at each time step.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures
Temperature Coefficients of Solar Cells from Elkem Solar under Varied Intensities and Selective Wavelength Regions of the AM 1.5 Spectrum
Creators: name: Tayyib, M.
name: Odden, J.O.
name: Sætre, T.O.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Performance and Reliability of Solar Cells

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3378-3382
description: The majority of the output from the photovoltaic (PV) industry is crystalline silicon solar cells. The
usage of silicon feedstock alternatives to polysilicon for making multicrystalline solar cells promises cost reduction
for the photovoltaic market. The properties of such a new material, under normal operating conditions are tested by
varying mild to harsh temperature and incident irradiance conditions in the laboratory to simulate various climatic
conditions. In our present research the temperature coefficients from IV measurements of solar cells originating from
two different feedstocks, the Elkem Solar Silicon (ESS®) and polysilicon, under both full and varied intensities as
well as selective parts of the light spectrum from a AAA sun simulator are studied in particular to be able to predict
the actual field operation of the different materials better.
Supplementary materials for "Long-term pegylated growth hormone for children with growth hormone deficiency: a large, prospective, real-world study"
Creators: name: Hou, Ling
name: Huang, Ke
name: Gong, Chunxiu
name: Luo, Feihong
name: Wei, Haiyan
name: Liang, Liyang
name: Du, Hongwei
name: Zhang, Jianping
name: Zhong, Yan
name: Chen, Ruimin
name: Chen, Xinran
name: Pan, Jiayan
name: Jin, Xianjiang
name: Zeng, Ting
name: Liao, Wei
name: Liu, Deyun
name: Lan, Dan
name: Zhu, Shunye
name: Dong, Zhiya
name: Ma, Huamei
name: Yang, Yu
name: Xiong, Feng
name: Lu, Ping
name: Cheng, Shengquan
name: Gu, Xuefan
name: Jin, Runming
name: Liu, Yu
name: Wu, Jinzhun
name: Xu, Xu
name: Chen, Linqi
name: Dong, Qin
name: Pan, Hui
name: Su, Zhe
name: Liu, Lijun
name: Luo, Xiaoming
name: Ni, Shining
name: Chen, Zhihong
name: Hu, Yuhua
name: Wang, Chunlin
name: Liu, Jing
name: Liu, Li
name: Lu, Biao
name: Wang, Xinli
name: Wang, Yunfeng
name: Yang, Fan
name: Zhang, Manyan
name: Cao, Lizhi
name: Liu, Geli
name: Yao, Hui
name: Zhang, Yaqin
name: Dai, Mingjuan
name: Li, Guimei
name: Li, Li
name: Liu, Yanjie
name: Wang, Kan
name: Xiao, Yanfeng
name: Zhang, Xingxing
name: Dong, Junhua
name: Gu, Zaiyan
name: Ying, Lirong
name: Huang, Feng
name: Liu, Yanling
name: Liu, Zheng
name: Ye, Jin
name: Zhao, Dongmei
name: Hu, Xu
name: Jiang, Zhihong
name: Ye, Kan
name: Zhu, Hong
name: Chen, Shaoke
name: Chen, Xiaobo
name: Wan, Naijun
name: Xu, Zhuangjian
name: Yin, Qingjin
name: Zhang, Hongxiao
name: Huang, Xiaodong
name: Yin, Jianying
name: Zhang, Huifeng
name: Li, Pin
name: Yin, Ping
name: Fu, Junfen
name: Luo, Xiaoping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Endocrinology

description: Supplementary File 1. The detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Supplementary Figure 1. Changes in Ht SDS from baseline by age. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, (*P<0.05). Ht SDS: height standard deviation score; SEM: standard error of means. Supplementary Figure 2. Changes in Ht SDS from baseline by bone age. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, (*P<0.05). Ht SDS: height standard deviation score; SEM: standard error of means. Supplementary Figure 3. Changes in Ht SDS from baseline by GH peak value. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, (*P<0.05). Ht SDS: height standard deviation score; GH: growth hormone; SEM: standard error of means. Supplementary Figure 4. Changes in Ht SDS from baseline by IGF-1 SDS. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, (*P<0.05). Ht SDS: height standard deviation score; IGF1 SDS: insulin-like growth factor-1standard deviation score; SEM: standard error of means. Supplementary Table 1. Children in the four trials and the extension study for analysis. Supplementary Table 2. Multivariate analysis results. Supplementary Table 3. Serious adverse events.
Depletion of intense fields
Creators: name: Seipt, D.
name: Heinzl, T.
name: Marklund, M.
name: Bulanov, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction of charged particles and photons with intense electromagnetic fields gives rise to multi-photon Compton and Breit-Wheeler processes. These are usually described in the framework of the external field approximation, where the electromagnetic field is assumed to have infinite energy. However, the multi-photon nature of these processes implies the absorption of a significant number of photons, which scales as the external field amplitude cubed. As a result, the interaction of a highly charged electron bunch with an intense laser pulse can lead to significant depletion of the laser pulse energy, thus rendering the external field approximation invalid. We provide relevant estimates for this depletion and find it to become important in the interaction between fields of amplitude $a_0 \sim 10^3$ and electron bunches with charges of the order of 10 nC.
description: 5 pages, 3 captioned figures, version to appear in PRL
Guiding light via geometric phases
Creators: name: Slussarenko, Sergei
name: Alberucci, Alessandro
name: Jisha, Chandroth P.
name: Piccirillo, Bruno
name: Santamato, Enrico
name: Assanto, Gaetano
name: Marrucci, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Known methods for transverse confinement and guidance of light can be grouped into a few basic mechanisms, the most common being metallic reflection, total internal reflection and photonic-bandgap (or Bragg) reflection. All of them essentially rely on changes of the refractive index, that is on scalar properties of light. Recently, processes based on "geometric Berry phases", such as manipulation of polarization states or deflection of spinning-light rays, have attracted considerable interest in the contexts of singular optics and structured light. Here, we disclose a new approach to light waveguiding, using geometric Berry phases and exploiting polarization states and their handling. This can be realized in structured three-dimensional anisotropic media, in which the optic axis lies orthogonal to the propagation direction and is modulated along it and across the transverse plane, so that the refractive index remains constant but a phase distortion can be imposed on a beam. In addition to a complete theoretical analysis with numerical simulations, we present a proof-of-principle experimental demonstration of this effect in a discrete element implementation of a geometric phase waveguide. The mechanism we introduce shows that spin-orbit optical interactions can play an important role in integrated optics and paves the way to an entire new class of photonic systems that exploit the vectorial nature of light.
description: Publication supported by European Union (EU) within Horizon 2020 - ERC-Advanced Grant PHOSPhOR, grant no. 694683. This is the final peer-reviewed manuscript as accepted for publication (including methods and supplementary information)
Peel Testing of Ribbons on Solar Cells at Different Angles: Consistent Comparison by Using Adhesive Fracture Energies
Creators: name: Eitner, U.
name: Rendler, L.C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Quality and Sustainability in Manufacturing and Recycling

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3406-3408
description: The peel test is a very simple and fast method to determine the adhesion of interconnector ribbons to solar cell metallizations. It is part of the solar cell standard DIN EN 50461 and is, due to its ease of use, widely accepted to qualify cell metallizations and the soldering process. In the standard a minimum force of 1 N per mm of joint width is specified but other relevant quantities are missing, for example the peeling angle. We show that this lack of specification influences the peel testing results. We therefore apply the mechanical theory of Kinloch and Kawashita [1,2] where measured peel forces are translated into adhesive fracture energies GA. The fracture energy is a geometry-independent parameter that describes the energy to break the interfacial bondings at the peel front. It incorporates the dimensions of the ribbon and its stress-strain-curve. We perform 121 peel experiments at 45°, 90°, 135° and 180° of ribbons on continuous front side busbars of cells from one stringing batch. We measure very high forces at 45° (mean value 9.74 N), while the mean values are in the range of 3 N for 90° (3.14 N), 135° (2.46 N) and 180° (3.49 N). The force level at 45° is thus a factor of 4 higher compared to 90°, 135° and 180°. Transforming the force values into adhesive fracture energies, the mean values deviate only by a factor of 0.6 (45°: 510 J/m2, 90°: 395 J/m2, 135°: 441 J/m2, 595 J/m2). This indicates that the method improves the interpretation of peel testing data by using the adhesive fracture energies as mechanical material parameters to quantify the adhesion.
Potential Induced Degradation Experiments on Different Encapsulated Silicon Mini-Solar Modules
Creators: name: Lee, Y.-H.
name: Tsai, M.-A.
name: Lu, K.-W.
name: Yang, W.-L.
name: Chen, S.-H.
name: Lin, M.-F.
name: Sung, H.-Y.
name: Wu, H.-S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Performance and Reliability of Solar Cells

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3357-3359
description: In this work the results of evaluation of several photovoltaic encapsulant compositions based upon
ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and polyolefin (PO) sheets that have been studied for the resistance of potential induced
degradation (PID) with crystalline silicon PV cells. PID sensitive cells have been laminated as one-cell mini-solar
modules with various encapsulation products, and the degradation of mini-solar modules have been observed
resulting from PID effects. Decrease of power is also induced due to deterioration of solar cell parameters such as
series resistance Rs, saturation current Is, etc. After 85 °C, 85 % RH, there is also evidence of series resistance
increase in some dark areas of the EL images. In this study PO sheets show sufficient durability in terms of PIDresistant
characteristic as material for encapsulation.
Analysis of Local MPPs on the P-V Curve of a Partially Shaded PV String
Creators: name: Psarros, G.
name: Batzelis, E.
name: Papathanassiou, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Performance and Reliability of Solar Cells

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3383-3389
description: In this paper, a comprehensive analysis on the local maxima developed in a partially shaded PV
string, experiencing multiple irradiance levels, is presented. The number and the trends of the local and global
maximum power points (MPPs) are studied, initially considering two irradiance levels and subsequently
extending to the more complicated three-irradiance levels scenario. The shading patterns at which each MPP
appears are investigated, and the conditions under which they constitute the global MPP (GMPP) are
identified, while the effect of the operating temperature and the intensity of irradiance is studied.
Analysis of Power-Induced Degradation in Photovoltaic Mini-Modules and Avoidance Strategies
Creators: name: Neumaier, L.
name: Hirschl, C.
name: Frank, A.
name: Ortner, M.
name: Mühleisen, W.
name: Schwark, M.
name: Kraft, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Performance and Reliability of Solar Cells

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3360-3363
description: Over the last years potential induced degradation (PID) occurred on several photovoltaic (PV) power plants and therefore increased interest in researching this phenomenon. It is known that PID occurs when certain material combinations coincide with a high negative potential between the solar cells and frame of the module. Furthermore the degradation depends mainly on the migration of sodium ions into the surface of the solar cell, driven by the high potential difference. In this investigation, the mechanisms inducing PID were simulated in detail and compared to experimental measurements. It can be shown that the electric fields originating from the potential differences are promoting an ion transport from the glass towards the cells. As a new avoidance strategy and to verify the predicted reason of the ion transport, a so called “guard ring” was installed at PV modules. Properly positioned, this thin copper wire can reduce the effective electric field strengths and thus the PID effect to about one fifth of its original value.
Piezoelectric Tunable Microwave Superconducting Cavity
Creators: name: Carvalho, N. C.
name: Fan, Y.
name: Tobar, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of engineered quantum systems, there is a demand for superconducting tunable devices able to operate with high Q-factors at power levels equivalent to only a few photons. In this work, we developed a 3D microwave reentrant cavity with such characteristics ready to provide a very fine-tuning of a high-Q resonant mode over a large dynamic range. This system has an electronic tuning mechanism based on a mechanically amplified piezoelectric actuator, which controls the resonator dominant mode frequency by changing the cavity narrow gap by very small displacements. Experiments were conducted at room and dilution refrigerator temperatures showing a large dynamic range up to 4 GHz and 1 GHz, respectively, and were compared to a FEM model simulated data. At elevated microwave power input, nonlinear thermal effects were observed to destroy the superconductivity of the cavity due to the large electric fields generated in the small gap of the reentrant cavity.
Outdoor PID Testing in Japan: Acceleration by Regular Water Spraying
Creators: name: Sakurai, K.
name: Morinaga, R.
name: Sato, R.
name: Inoue, M.
name: Akitomi, M.
name: Masuda, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Performance and Reliability of Solar Cells

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3355-3356
description: We have constructed an outdoor PID acceleration test (OPAT) facility. This OPAT system can apply
high voltages between the PV string and the ground while exposing the modules outdoors, with regular water
spraying at both sidesof the modules, to accelerate the PID and simulate condensation/rain. We have conducted the
first set of accelerated outdoor PID testing on aged c-Si modules. PID was significantly accelerated by water spraying.
Supplementary document for Brillouin nonlinearity characterizations of a high refractive index silicon oxynitride platform - 7148469.pdf
Creators: name: Marpaung, David
name: Ye, Kaixuan
name: Keloth, Akshay
name: Klaver, Yvan
name: Baldazzi, Alessio
name: Piccoli, Gioele
name: Sanna, Matteo
name: Pavesi, Lorenzo
name: Ghulinyan, Mher
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: calculation method
An Optical Ray-Tracing Model for Module Short Circuit Current
Creators: name: Yang, C.-W.
name: Lin, C.-W.
name: Huang, M.-Y.
name: Wu, Z.C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
PV Modules

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3316-3317
description: The ray-tracing simulation model was used for a full-size PV module. The simulation model involved
the optical properties of module components such as glass and backsheet, as well as cell and cell structures like the
ARC glass. The model simulates the short circuit current of a 60-cell PV module with p-mono cells 6 inches in size.
The simulated result shows 9.117A. In comparison to the experimental data, 9.103A, shows only 0.15% of variation
between the model and the experiment, showing accurate prediction of the ray-tracing simulation model. Such model
could be used to simulate the optical effects of different types of backsheets and encapsulates on the module
performance. The model can also be used to optimize the optical properties of cell structures such as the antireflective
coating and other component such as glass surface pattern and backsheets’ colors.
Measurement of the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect using the AllWISE data release
Creators: name: Shajib, Anowar J.
name: Wright, Edward L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the physical features of a dark-energy-dominated universe is the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, which gives us a direct observational window to detect and study dark energy. The AllWISE data release of the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) has a large number of point sources, which span over a wide redshift range including where the ISW effect is maximized. AllWISE data is thus very well-suited for the ISW effect studies. In this study, we cross-correlate AllWISE galaxy and active galactic nucleus (AGN) overdensities with the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe CMB temperature maps to detect the ISW effect signal. We calibrate the biases for galaxies and AGNs by cross-correlating the galaxy and AGN overdensities with the Planck lensing convergence map. We measure the ISW effect signal amplitudes relative to the $Λ$CDM expectation of $A=1$ to be $A=1.18 \pm 0.36$ for galaxies and $A=0.64 \pm 0.74$ for AGNs . The detection significances for the ISW effect signal are $3.3σ$ and $0.9σ$ for galaxies and AGNs respectively giving a combined significance of $3.4σ$. Our result is in agreement with the $Λ$CDM model.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, published in ApJ (this version: fixed some HTML character display issues in the abstract)
Comparison of Degradation Mechanism of PV Modules between under Long Term Field Exposure at Hot-Humid Environment and under DH Tests
Creators: name: Sakamoto, S.
name: Shimizu, S.
name: Kadowaki, M.
name: Tanaka, H.
name: Suzuki, K.
name: Gobou, K.
name: Yamamoto, C.
name: Doi, T.
name: Masuda, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Performance and Reliability of Solar Cells

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3364-3367
description: Degradation of the photovoltaic (PV) modules exposed for 18 years at a hot and humid environment (at
Miyakojima Island) and that of PV modules subjected to the extended DH tests (1000 h~4000 h) were studied. The
similarities and differences in degradation mechanisms between both modules were examined. We found both
modules showed similar degradation to each other, such as views of dark regions in electroluminescence (EL) images
and primary cause of power losses (a series resistance increase). Furthermore, it was observed that power losses of
both modules were caused by an increase in contact resistance of Ag/Si interface of finger electrodes. Observations of
cross sectional contact interface by an electron microscope suggested that a lead-glass layer at the interface probably
plays an important role during contact degradation in acidic environment.
On the other hand, however, detected amounts of residual acetic acid in the Miyakojima modules were roughly only
1/10 of those in the DH degraded modules. And a clear correlation between the amount of residual acetic acid and the
power loss of the module, which was shown in extended DH modules, was not shown in outdoor exposed modules
including Miyakojima modules.
A 20-Liter Test Stand with Gas Purification for Liquid Argon Research
Creators: name: Li, Yichen
name: Thorn, Craig
name: Tang, Wei
name: Joshi, Jyoti
name: Qian, Xin
name: Diwan, Milind
name: Kettell, Steve
name: Morse, William
name: Rao, Triveni
name: Stewart, James
name: Tsang, Thomas
name: Zhang, Lige
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the design of a 20-liter test stand constructed to study fundamental properties of liquid argon (LAr). This system utilizes a simple, cost-effective gas argon (GAr) purification to achieve high purity, which is necessary to study electron transport properties in LAr. An electron drift stack with up to 25 cm length is constructed to study electron drift, diffusion, and attachment at various electric fields. A gold photocathode and a pulsed laser are used as a bright electron source. The operational performance of this system is reported.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures, Accepted by JINST on May 31, 2016
Leakage Currents Behaviour of ΜμC-Si PV-Modules Regarding Temperature and Relative Humidity
Creators: name: Trautmann, B.
name: Wesselak, V.
name: Manz, P.
name: Voswinckel, S.
name: Fokuhl, E.
name: Schmidt, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Performance and Reliability of Solar Cells

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3339-3342
description: Leakage currents are used for outdoor field and indoor lab tests to measure and investigate effects like TCO corrosion on biased modules. Due to the fluctuating weather conditions on field test sides it is essential to know the influences of temperature and relative humidity on the leakage currents. Besides analysing years of field data measurement series climatic chamber tests with specified conditions allow to record dependencies and conditions with high leakage currents. Two regimes indicate typical weather situations and corresponding lab test conditions. Knowing the dependencies of leakage currents on temperature and relative humidity, different conditions with approximately equal leakage currents can be correlated. For this purpose μc-Si PV-Modules are used to record leakage currents at specified conditions in an array with temperature ranging from -10°C to 85°C and relative humidity ranging from 10% to 95%. From this array the behaviour of leakage currents regarding temperature and relative humidity on μc-Si PV-Modules is derived. So driving weather effects of leakage currents and hence TCO corrosion will be revealed.
Low Light Behavior of a-Si and a-Si/µc-Si PV-Modules Compared to c-Si PV-Modules under Field Test Conditions
Creators: name: Weicht, J.
name: Hamelmann, F.
name: Behrens, G.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Performance and Reliability of Solar Cells

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3343-3346
description: For a precise prediction of the energy yield of amorphous (a-Si) and amorphous-microcrystalline
tandem (a-Si/μc-Si) silicon-based thin film photovoltaic modules it is important to know their low (<15W/m²) and
weak (15-100W/m²) light behavior. The weak light efficiency of silicon based thin film and mono-crystalline silicon
(c-Si) solar cells show a different dependence from irradiation. Both have a decreasing efficiency with decreasing
irradiation. Thin film solar cells based on a-Si or a-Si/μc-Si show at higher irradiation (>100W/m²) lower efficiency
than c-Si solar cells. Our work will show that at lower irradiation (<15W/m²) the efficiency of a-Si and a-Si/μc-Si is
higher than the efficiency of c-Si, this kind of irradiation appears every morning and evening. Also we show that the
decrease in efficiency at lower irradiation compared to the labeled efficiency at standard test conditions is for thin
film silicon modules lower than for c-Si modules.
Visitors from Ryslinge Efterskole -- Science-Line -- 01. February 2024
Creators: name: Hinse, Tobias Cornelius
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Four science interested students from Ryslinge Efterskole (nearby the city of Ringe) visited SDU / FKF / SDU-Galaxy and listened to techniques on how to probe the surface of cells, extrasolar planets, optical experiments and what it means to study at SDU.
Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions in presence of a spin bath
Creators: name: Gómez-León, Álvaro
name: Stamp, P. C. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an effective time independent Hamiltonian for the transverse Ising model coupled to a spin bath, in the presence of a high frequency AC magnetic field. We show that the spin blocking mechanism that removes the quantum phase transition can be suppressed by the AC field, allowing high tunability of the quantum critical point. Finally, we calculate the phase diagram within the RPA approximation for the case of spin $7/2$ nuclei, appropriate to the $LiHo_{x}Y_{1-x}F_{4}$ system.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures and Appendix