cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Flow Velocity and Sand Loading Effect on Erosion–Corrosion during Liquid-Solid Impingement on Mild Steel
Creators: name: Parancheerivilakkathil, Muhammed S.
name: Parapurath, Shahid
name: Ainane, Sami
name: Yap, Yit Fatt
name: Rostron, Paul
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: erosion-corrosion
velocity effect
sand loading effect
submerged jet impingement
design of experiments

description: The presence of CO2, sand, and water in oil and gas reservoirs causes erosion–corrosion leading to material degradation in pipelines and fluid handling equipment that results in increasing maintenance and repair costs and a decrease in production. While the weight loss caused by erosion–corrosion is known to depend on flow velocity, angle of impact, sand loading and size and target material properties, field operators often limit the flow rate based on a critical corrosion velocity to protect the equipment. This study investigates the effects of sand loading and flow velocity on weight loss associated with erosion–corrosion in a mild steel sample using a submerged impingement jet. The weight loss by erosion, corrosion and their interaction for a flow velocity range of 10 m/s to 20 m/s and sand loading range of 300 mg/L to 600 mg/L, in a seawater environment, are presented. The results showed that the weight loss by pure erosion and erosion–corrosion interaction increases linearly with jet velocity and sand loading, and that erosion is dominant in all cases except at low velocity and sand loading. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images after impingement tests were analyzed. In addition, correlations for the velocity and sand loading were derived using the design of experiment method (DOE).
Extremal measures with prescribed moments
Creators: name: Rajba, Teresa
name: Wasowicz, Szymon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 28A25, Secondary: 26A51, 28A33, 41A55, 52A05, 65D30, 65D32

description: In the approximate integration some inequalities between the quadratures and the integrals approximated by them are called \emph{extremalities}. On the other hand, the set of all quadratures is convex. We are trying to find possible connections between extremalities and extremal quadratures (in the sense of extreme points of a~convex set). Of course, the quadratures are the integrals \wrt~discrete measures and, moreover, a~quadrature is extremal if and only if the associated measure is extremal. Hence the natural problem arises to give some description of extremal measures with prescribed moments in the general (not only discrete) case. In this paper we deal with symmetric measures with prescribed first four moments. The full description (with no symmetry assumptions, and/or not only four moments are prescribed and so on) is far to be done.
Elimination of Intermediate Species in Multiscale Stochastic Reaction Networks
Creators: name: Cappelletti, Daniele
name: Wiuf, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study networks of biochemical reactions modelled by continuous-time Markov processes. Such networks typically contain many molecular species and reactions and are hard to study analytically as well as by simulation. Particularly, we are interested in reaction networks with intermediate species such as the substrate-enzyme complex in the Michaelis-Menten mechanism. These species are virtually in all real-world networks, they are typically short-lived, degraded at a fast rate and hard to observe experimentally. We provide conditions under which the Markov process of a multiscale reaction network with intermediate species is approximated in finite dimensional distribution by the Markov process of a simpler reduced reaction network without intermediate species. We do so by embedding the Markov processes into a one-parameter family of processes, where reaction rates and species abundances are scaled in the parameter. Further, we show that there are close links between these stochastic models and deterministic ODE models of the same networks.
On the Mechanism of Electron Beam Radiation-Induced Modification of Poly(lactic acid) for Applications in Biodegradable Food Packaging
Creators: name: Grosvenor, Eleanor C.
name: Hughes, Justin C.
name: Stanfield, Cade W.
name: Blanchard, Robert L.
name: Fox, Andrea C.
name: Mihok, Olivia L.
name: Lee, Kristen
name: Brodsky, Jonathan R.
name: Hoy, Ann
name: Uniyal, Ananya
name: Whitaker, Sydney M.
name: Acha, Chris
name: Gibson, Kalina
name: Ding, Lilly
name: Lewis, Catherine A.
name: González López, Lorelis
name: Wentz, Charlotte M.
name: Sita, Lawrence R.
name: Al-Sheikhly, Mohamad
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: electron beam radiation
poly(lactic acid)
alkoxyl free radical decay

description: Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer used for food packaging. The effects of electron beam radiation on the chemical and physical properties of amorphous PLA were studied. In this study, amorphous, racemic PLA was irradiated at doses of 5, 10, 15, and 20 kGy in the absence of oxygen. Utilizing electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry, it was found that alkoxyl radicals are initially formed as a result of C-O-C bond scissions on the backbone of the PLA. The dominant radiation mechanism was determined to be H-abstraction by alkoxyl radicals to form C-centered radicals. The C-centered radicals undergo a subsequent peroxidation reaction with oxygen. The gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results indicate reduction in polymer molecular mass. The differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction results showed a subtle increase in crystallinity of the irradiated PLA. Water vapor transmission rates were unaffected by irradiation. In conclusion, these results support that irradiated PLA is a suitable material for applications in irradiation of food packaging, including food sterilization and biodegradation.
Generalized Convolution Roots of Positive Definite Kernels on Complex Spheres
Creators: name: Barbosa, Victor S.
name: Menegatto, Valdir A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Convolution is an important tool in the construction of positive definite kernels on a manifold. This contribution provides conditions on an $L^2$-positive definite and zonal kernel on the unit sphere of $\mathbb{C}^q$ in order that the kernel can be recovered as a generalized convolution root of an equally positive definite and zonal kernel.
Scheduling to Minimize Age of Incorrect Information with Imperfect Channel State Information
Creators: name: Chen, Yutao
name: Ephremides, Anthony
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: age of incorrect information
multi-user system
scheduling policy

description: In this paper, we study a slotted-time system where a base station needs to update multiple users at the same time. Due to the limited resources, only part of the users can be updated in each time slot. We consider the problem of minimizing the Age of Incorrect Information (AoII) when imperfect Channel State Information (CSI) is available. Leveraging the notion of the Markov Decision Process (MDP), we obtain the structural properties of the optimal policy. By introducing a relaxed version of the original problem, we develop the Whittle’s index policy under a simple condition. However, indexability is required to ensure the existence of Whittle’s index. To avoid indexability, we develop Indexed priority policy based on the optimal policy for the relaxed problem. Finally, numerical results are laid out to showcase the application of the derived structural properties and highlight the performance of the developed scheduling policies.
Additional file 1 of Men’s perception of information and psychological distress in the diagnostic phase of prostate cancer: a comparative mixed methods study
Creators: name: Søndergaard, Maja Elisabeth Juul
name: Lode, Kirsten
name: Husebø, Sissel Eikeland
name: Dalen, Ingvild
name: Kjosavik, Svein Reidar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Good Reporting of A Mixed Methods Study (GRAMMS*) Checklist.
Assessment of Petroleum-Based Plastic and Bioplastics Degradation Using Anaerobic Digestion
Creators: name: Nachod, Benjamin
name: Keller, Emily
name: Hassanein, Amro
name: Lansing, Stephanie
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate (PHBV)
polylactide (PLA)
cellulose
polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
food waste
methane
biogas

description: Bioplastics have emerged as a viable alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastic (PET). Three of the most common bioplastic polymers are polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate (PHBV), polylactide (PLA), and cellulose-based bioplastic (CBB). This study assessed biodegradation through anaerobic digestion (AD) of these three bioplastics and PET digested with food waste (FW) at mesophilic (35 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) temperatures. The four plastic types were digested with FW in triplicate batch reactors. Additionally, two blank treatments (inoculum-only) and two PHBV treatments (with FW + inoculum and inoculum-only) were digested at 35 and 55 °C. The PHBV treatment without FW at 35 °C (PHBV-35) produced the most methane (CH4) normalized by the volatile solids (VS) of the bioplastics over the 104-day experimental period (271 mL CH4/g VS). Most bioplastics had more CH4 production than PET when normalized by digester volume or gram substrate added, with the PLA-FW-55 (5.80 m3 CH4/m3), PHBV-FW-55 (2.29 m3 CH4/m3), and PHBV-55 (4.05 m3 CH4/m3) having 848,275 and 561%, respectively, more CH4 production than the PET treatment. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed full degradation of PHBV pellets after AD. The results show that when PHBV is used as bioplastic, it can be degraded with energy production through AD.
Noncommutative Chern-Simons gauge and gravity theories and their geometric Seiberg-Witten map
Creators: name: Aschieri, Paolo
name: Castellani, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a geometric generalization of the Seiberg-Witten map between noncommutative and commutative gauge theories to find the expansion of noncommutative Chern-Simons (CS) theory in any odd dimension $D$ and at first order in the noncommutativity parameter $θ$. This expansion extends the classical CS theory with higher powers of the curvatures and their derivatives. A simple explanation of the equality between noncommutative and commutative CS actions in $D=1$ and $D=3$ is obtained. The $θ$ dependent terms are present for $D\geq 5$ and give a higher derivative theory on commutative space reducing to classical CS theory for $θ\to 0$. These terms depend on the field strength and not on the bare gauge potential. In particular, as for the Dirac-Born-Infeld action, these terms vanish in the slowly varying field strength approximation: in this case noncommutative and commutative CS actions coincide in any dimension. The Seiberg-Witten map on the $D=5$ noncommutative CS theory is explored in more detail, and we give its second order $θ$-expansion for any gauge group. The example of extended $D=5$ CS gravity, where the gauge group is $SU(2,2)$, is treated explicitly.
description: 18 pages, LaTeX. Added clarifications, added reference. Matches published version on JHEP
Text mixing shapes the anatomy of rank-frequency distributions: A modern Zipfian mechanics for natural language
Creators: name: Williams, Jake Ryland
name: Bagrow, James P.
name: Danforth, Christopher M.
name: Dodds, Peter Sheridan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Natural languages are full of rules and exceptions. One of the most famous quantitative rules is Zipf's law which states that the frequency of occurrence of a word is approximately inversely proportional to its rank. Though this `law' of ranks has been found to hold across disparate texts and forms of data, analyses of increasingly large corpora over the last 15 years have revealed the existence of two scaling regimes. These regimes have thus far been explained by a hypothesis suggesting a separability of languages into core and non-core lexica. Here, we present and defend an alternative hypothesis, that the two scaling regimes result from the act of aggregating texts. We observe that text mixing leads to an effective decay of word introduction, which we show provides accurate predictions of the location and severity of breaks in scaling. Upon examining large corpora from 10 languages in the Project Gutenberg eBooks collection (eBooks), we find emphatic empirical support for the universality of our claim.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, and 1 table
Additional file 2 of Men’s perception of information and psychological distress in the diagnostic phase of prostate cancer: a comparative mixed methods study
Creators: name: Søndergaard, Maja Elisabeth Juul
name: Lode, Kirsten
name: Husebø, Sissel Eikeland
name: Dalen, Ingvild
name: Kjosavik, Svein Reidar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Counts and percentages of patients with different response categories to the four patient experience items in the PSAagroup (n=130) and the Stockholm3 group (n=120).
Additional file 3 of Men’s perception of information and psychological distress in the diagnostic phase of prostate cancer: a comparative mixed methods study
Creators: name: Søndergaard, Maja Elisabeth Juul
name: Lode, Kirsten
name: Husebø, Sissel Eikeland
name: Dalen, Ingvild
name: Kjosavik, Svein Reidar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Counts and percentages of patients with scores above threshold levels for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in the PSAagroup (n=130) and the Stockholm3 group (n=120).
Formulation of Shell Elements Based on the Motion Formalism
Creators: name: Bauchau, Olivier
name: Sonneville, Valentin
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: finite element analysis
plates and shells
motion formalism

description: This paper presents a finite element implementation of plates and shells for the analysis of flexible multibody systems. The developments are set within the framework of the motion formalism that (1) uses configuration and motion to describe the kinematics of flexible multibody systems, (2) couples their displacement and rotation components by recognizing that configuration and motion are members of the Special Euclidean group, and (3) resolves all tensors components in local frames. The formulation based on the motion formalism (1) provides a theoretical framework that streamlines the formulation of shell elements, (2) leads to governing equations of motion that are objective, intrinsic, and present a reduced order of nonlinearity, (3) improves the efficiency of the solution process, (4) circumvents the shear locking phenomenon that plagues shell formulations based on classical kinematic descriptions, and (5) prevents the occurrence of singularities in the treatment of finite rotation. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the advantageous features of the proposed formulation.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Antibody Binding of HIV-1 V1/V2 Glycopeptide-Bacteriophage Qβ Conjugates as a Vaccine Candidate
Creators: name: Zong, Guanghui
name: Toonstra, Christian
name: Yang, Qiang
name: Zhang, Roushu
name: Wang, Lai-Xi
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: glycopeptide
glycoconjugate
neutralizing epitope
bacteriophage Qβ
neutralizing antibody
HIV vaccine

description: The broadly neutralizing antibody PG9 recognizes a unique glycopeptide epitope in the V1V2 domain of HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein. The present study describes the design, synthesis, and antibody-binding analysis of HIV-1 V1V2 glycopeptide-Qβ conjugates as a mimic of the proposed neutralizing epitope of PG9. The glycopeptides were synthesized using a highly efficient chemoenzymatic method. The alkyne-tagged glycopeptides were then conjugated to the recombinant bacteriophage (Qβ), a virus-like nanoparticle, through a click reaction. Antibody-binding analysis indicated that the synthetic glycoconjugates showed significantly enhanced affinity for antibody PG9 compared with the monomeric glycopeptides. It was also shown that the affinity of the Qβ-conjugates for antibody PG9 was dependent on the density of the glycopeptide antigen display. The glycopeptide-Qβ conjugates synthesized represent a promising candidate of HIV-1 vaccine.
Uncertainty And Evolutionary Optimization: A Novel Approach
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Maumita
name: Islam, R.
name: Mahmood, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.1.1
subject: 68T99

description: Evolutionary algorithms (EA) have been widely accepted as efficient solvers for complex real world optimization problems, including engineering optimization. However, real world optimization problems often involve uncertain environment including noisy and/or dynamic environments, which pose major challenges to EA-based optimization. The presence of noise interferes with the evaluation and the selection process of EA, and thus adversely affects its performance. In addition, as presence of noise poses challenges to the evaluation of the fitness function, it may need to be estimated instead of being evaluated. Several existing approaches attempt to address this problem, such as introduction of diversity (hyper mutation, random immigrants, special operators) or incorporation of memory of the past (diploidy, case based memory). However, these approaches fail to adequately address the problem. In this paper we propose a Distributed Population Switching Evolutionary Algorithm (DPSEA) method that addresses optimization of functions with noisy fitness using a distributed population switching architecture, to simulate a distributed self-adaptive memory of the solution space. Local regression is used in the pseudo-populations to estimate the fitness. Successful applications to benchmark test problems ascertain the proposed method's superior performance in terms of both robustness and accuracy.
description: In Proceedings of the The 9th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA 2014), IEEE Press, pp. 988-983, 2014
Limits to Perception by Quantum Monitoring with Finite Efficiency
Creators: name: García-Pintos, Luis Pedro
name: Del Campo, Adolfo
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: quantum monitoring
Quantum Darwinism
continuous quantum measurements

description: We formulate limits to perception under continuous quantum measurements by comparing the quantum states assigned by agents that have partial access to measurement outcomes. To this end, we provide bounds on the trace distance and the relative entropy between the assigned state and the actual state of the system. These bounds are expressed solely in terms of the purity and von Neumann entropy of the state assigned by the agent, and are shown to characterize how an agent’s perception of the system is altered by access to additional information. We apply our results to Gaussian states and to the dynamics of a system embedded in an environment illustrated on a quantum Ising chain.
The Status of Embodied Carbon in Building Practice and Research in the United States: A Systematic Investigation
Creators: name: Hu, Ming
name: Wang Esram, Nora
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: embodied carbon
knowledge gap
method
database
tools

description: The building construction industry accounts for 5% of global energy use and 10% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A primary source of these emissions is the manufacture of building construction materials such as steel, cement, and glass. As aggressive building energy codes push new construction towards net-zero-energy and net-zero-carbon operations, corresponding efforts to reduce embodied energy and carbon from building construction materials must be pursued to achieve the decarbonization goals of the building sector. In the past few decades, progressive building energy codes as well as the underlying research on reducing the operational energy and its related greenhouse gas emissions have stimulated changes of practice in building design and operation. In contrast, strategies to reduce embodied carbon in the substitute remaining life-cycle stages of a building are less defined and studied. The selection of building materials and systems is largely unregulated, as long as minimum health, safety, and performance standards are met. In addition, it is unclear whether we have adequate knowledge infrastructure to incorporate embodied carbon into national model codes. This study provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge of existing methods, databases, and tools on embodied carbon studies, and identifies the knowledge gaps. It provides a basis for the governments, academia, industry, and other institutes to collaboratively fill in these gaps and develop standards and codes to decarbonize buildings and their interface with other sectors.
Muons in air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory: Mean number in highly inclined events
Creators: name: Pierre Auger Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first hybrid measurement of the average muon number in air showers at ultra-high energies, initiated by cosmic rays with zenith angles between $62^\circ$ and $80^\circ$. The measurement is based on 174 hybrid events recorded simultaneously with the Surface Detector array and the Fluorescence Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The muon number for each shower is derived by scaling a simulated reference profile of the lateral muon density distribution at the ground until it fits the data. A $10^{19}$~eV shower with a zenith angle of $67^\circ$, which arrives at the Surface Detector array at an altitude of 1450 m above sea level, contains on average $(2.68 \pm 0.04 \pm 0.48\,\mathrm{(sys.)}) \times 10^{7}$ muons with energies larger than 0.3 GeV. The logarithmic gain $\mathrm{d}\ln{N_μ} / \mathrm{d}\ln{E}$ of muons with increasing energy between $4\times 10^{18}$ eV and $5 \times 10^{19}$ eV is measured to be $(1.029\, \pm\, 0.024\, \pm 0.030\,\mathrm{(sys.)})$.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
Balanced homodyne detection with on-off detector systems: Observable nonclassicality criteria
Creators: name: Sperling, J.
name: Vogel, W.
name: Agarwal, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Driven by single photon detection requirements especially for quantum information sciences, the theory of arrays of off-on detectors has been well developed and applied. However for a comprehensive characterization of nonclassicality one also needs phase sensitive properties. This missing link is fulfilled by the theory of phase sensitive click counting measurements. This theory is presented. It unifies the balanced homodyne detection for high intensities with the click detection in the few photon regime. We formulate and apply a hierarchy of nonlinear squeezing conditions to probe quantum effects beyond standard squeezing. Imperfections stemming from fluctuations of the local oscillator, detector efficiency, and dark count rates are considered. Experimentally accessible sampling formulas are given which can be applied without time consuming data processing. Our phase-sensitive click detection theory paves the way towards novel applications of nonclassical light in quantum metrology.
description: close to published EPL version
Additional file 1 of Immune-related 3-lncRNA signature with prognostic connotation in a multi-cancer setting
Creators: name: Sherif, Shimaa
name: Mall, Raghvendra
name: Almeer, Hossam
name: Naik, Adviti
name: Al Homaid, Abdulaziz
name: Thomas, Remy
name: Roelands, Jessica
name: Narayanan, Sathiya
name: Mohamed, Mahmoud Gasim
name: Bedri, Shahinaz
name: Al-Bader, Salha Bujassoum
name: Junejo, Kulsoom
name: Bedognetti, Davide
name: Hendrickx, Wouter
name: Decock, Julie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Mapping of differentially expressed ir-lncRNAs to protein coding genes. (A) Diagram representation of the random walk with restart global propagation network algorithm. (B) Walkscore distribution of protein-coding genes in TCGA-BRCA, with cutoff set at walkscore ≥ 0.01 to generate a ranked list of protein-coding genes in proximity of differentially expressed ir-lncRNAs.
Session 1: Small Bites and a Big Gulp
Creators: name: Smith, Deborah
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2023

description: Are you a lone arranger wearing too many hats? Ever wonder how an archivist with a small staff manages to get anything done? Looking for some fresh ideas to try while understaffed? This open forum is an opportunity to join in a lively discussion about the work of lone arrangers and archives with small or volunteer staff. The session will begin with brief presentations by a panel of five lone arrangers highlighting some of their recent work. It will be followed by a moderated group discussion focusing on participant questions, input, and conversation. Participants are invited to bring topics they would like to discuss as we work to better understand the work of lone arrangers, the unique challenges they face, and their exceptional contributions to the field.
Investigating the Impacts of the Political System Components in Iran on the Existing Water Bankruptcy
Creators: name: Ketabchy, Mehdi
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: water bankruptcy
political structure
water resources
democracy
decentralization
stakeholder engagement

description: Iran is suffering from a state of water bankruptcy. Several factors have contributed to the current water resources bankruptcy, ranging from anthropogenic impacts, such as an inefficient agricultural sector and aggressive withdrawal of groundwater, to climatological impacts. This paper suggests that water resources mismanagement in Iran should be evaluated beyond the policy-makers decisions, as it recognizes that the bankruptcy has been intensified due to the structural and institutional form of the political system in Iran. This study discusses the roots of the water bankruptcy and identifies four major shortcomings caused by the political system: (1) the absence of public engagement due to the lack of a democratic and decentralized structure; (2) adopting ideological policies in domestic and foreign affairs; (3) conflicts of interest and the multiplicity of governmental policy-makers and sectors; and (4) a state-controlled, resource-dependent economy. Through the development of a generic causal model, this study recommends a systematic transition towards a democratic, decentralized, non-ideological, and economically diverse political governance as the necessary–but not necessarily sufficient–adaptive and sustainable solution for mitigating the impacts of water resources bankruptcy in Iran. The insights highlighted in this paper could be employed to inform water resources decision-makers and political actors in other non-democratic and ideological political structures struggling with a water resources crisis or bankruptcy.
Tailoring mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of flexible niobium carbide nanocomposite thin films
Creators: name: Yate, Luis
name: Coy, L. Emerson
name: Wang, Guocheng
name: Beltran, Mikel
name: Diaz-Barriga, Enrique
name: Saucedo, Esmeralda M.
name: Ceniceros, Monica A.
name: Zaleski, Karol
name: Llarena, Irantzu
name: Moller, Marco
name: Ziolo, Ronald F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flexible NbC nanocomposite thin films with carbon content ranging from 0 to 99 at.% were deposited at room temperature on Si (100) and polystyrene substrates by non-reactive magnetron sputtering from pure Nb and C targets without applying bias voltage to the substrates. HRTEM images reveal that the films exhibit a nanocomposite structure consisting of NbC nanocrystals (2 to 15 nm in size) embedded in an amorphous carbon matrix. By simply adjusting the Nb flux in the plasma, we can monitor the nanocrystal size and the percent of free-carbon phase in the films, which in turn allows for the tailoring of both mechanical properties and electric conductivity of the films. It was found that the films composed of ~8-10% free-carbon exhibited a relative high hardness and elastic recovery, around 23 GPa and 85%, respectively, and an electrical conductivity of 2.2x106 S/m at 22C. This study indicates the potential of this non-reactive sputtering approach in depositing hard, elastic and electrically conductive nanocomposite films at low temperatures, which is especially useful for preparation of films on temperature sensitive polymers or plastic substrates for nano- and micro- electronics applications.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
A Solvable Model for Fermion Masses on a Warped 6D World with the Extra 2D Sphere
Creators: name: Kokado, Akira
name: Saito, Takesi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a warped 6D world with an extra 2-dimensional sphere, we propose an exactly solvable model for fermion masses with zero mode. The warp factor is given by $ϕ(θ,φ)=\sin{θ}\cos{φ}$, which is a solution to the 6D Einstein equation with the bulk cosmological constant $Λ$ and the energy-momentum tensor of the bulk matter fields. Our model provides another possibility of obtaining fermion zero mode, rather than traditional model based on Dirac's monopole.
description: 13 pages, no figure. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1401.3499
Circular single domains in hemispherical small size Permalloy clusters
Creators: name: de Araujo, Clodoaldo I. L.
name: Fonseca, Jakson M.
name: Sinnecker, João P.
name: Delatorre, Rafael G.
name: Garcia, Nicolas G.
name: Pasa, André A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied ferromagnetic Permalloy clusters obtained by electrodeposition on n-type silicon. Magnetization measurements reveal hysteresis loops almost independent on temperature and very similar in shape to those obtained in nanodisks with diameter bigger than 150nm. The spin configuration for the ground state, obtained by micromagnetic simulation, shows topological vortices with random chirality and polarization. This behaviour in the small diameter clusters (~80nm), is attributed to the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction that arises in its hemispherical geometries. This magnetization behaviour can be utilized to explain the magnetoresistance measured with magnetic field in plane and out of sample plane.
description: 5 pages and 5 figures
Quasiparticle-continuum level repulsion in a quantum magnet
Creators: name: Plumb, K. W.
name: Hwang, Kyusung
name: Qiu, Y.
name: Harriger, Leland W.
name: Granroth, G. E.
name: Shu, G. J.
name: Chou, F. C.
name: Ruegg, Ch.
name: Kim, Yong Baek
name: Kim, Young-June
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When the energy eigenvalues of two coupled quantum states approach each other in a certain parameter space, their energy levels repel each other and level crossing is avoided. Such level repulsion, or avoided level crossing, is commonly used to describe the dispersion relation of quasiparticles in solids. However, little is known about the level repulsion when more than two quasiparticles are present; for example, in an open quantum system where a quasiparticle can spontaneously decay into many particle continuum. Here we show that even in this case level repulsion exists between a long-lived quasiparticle state and a continuum. In our fine resolution neutron spectroscopy study of magnetic quasiparticles in a frustrated quantum magnet BiCu2PO6, we observe a renormalization of quasiparticle dispersion relation due to the presence of the continuum of multi-quasiparticle states. Our results have a broadimplication for understanding open quantum systems described by non-hermitian Hamiltonian.
description: main text - 16 pages, 4 figures; supplementary information - 3 pages, 1 figure
Tributyrin, a Butyrate Pro-Drug, Primes Satellite Cells for Differentiation by Altering the Epigenetic Landscape
Creators: name: Murray, Robert L.
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Liu, Jianan
name: Cooper, Jason
name: Mitchell, Alex
name: Buman, Maria
name: Song, Jiuzhou
name: Stahl, Chad H.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: satellite cell
butyrate
epigenetics
ChIP-Seq
differentiation
HDAC inhibitor

description: Satellite cells (SC) are a population of muscle resident stem cells that are responsible for postnatal muscle growth and repair. With investigation into the genomic regulation of SC fate, the role of the epigenome in governing SC myogenesis is becoming clearer. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been demonstrated to be effective at enhancing the myogenic program of SC, but their role in altering the epigenetic landscape of SC remains undetermined. Our objective was to determine how an HDAC inhibitor, butyrate, promotes myogenic differentiation. SC from tributyrin treated neonatal piglets showed a decrease relative to SC from control animals in the expression of enhance of zeste homologue-2 (EZH2), a chromatin modifier, ex vivo. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation-Sequencing (ChIP-Seq) analysis of SC isolated from tributyrin treated pigs showed a global reduction of the tri-methylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3) repressive chromatin mark. To determine if reductions in EZH2 was the primary mechanism through which butyrate affects SC behavior, SC were transfected with siRNA targeting EZH2, treated with 0.5 mM butyrate, or both. Treatment with butyrate reduced paired-box-7 (Pax7) and myogenic differentiation-1 (MyoD) gene expression, while siRNA caused reductions in EZH2 had no effect on their expression. EZH2 depletion did result in an increase in differentiating SC, but not in myotube hypertrophy. These results indicate that while EZH2 reduction may force myogenic differentiation, butyrate may operate through a parallel mechanism to enhance the myogenic program.
title: Ludwig August Frankl, ein Wegbereiter der journalistischen Moderne in Österreich
Creators: name: Kaiser-Brandstätter, Ema
Year: 2021

description: Ludwig August Frankl (1810-1894) ist heutzutage eine nahezu vergessene journalistische Persönlichkeit des 19. Jahrhunderts. Die vorliegende Arbeit schließt eine Lücke in der kommunikationsgeschichtlichen Forschung und arbeitet seine publizistische Tragweite, die bis in die heutige Zeit hereinreicht, auf. Frankls Bedeutung kristallisiert sich im Jahr der Wiener Revolution von 1848 heraus und das in erstaunlicher Weise, obwohl seine Tageszeitung „Wiener Abendzeitung“ und die wöchentlich erscheinenden „Sonntagsblätter“ weder der radikalen Revolutionspresse noch ihren konservativen Widersachern zugerechnet werden können. Vermutlich ist in diesem Umstand der Grund dafür zu suchen, dass die Frankl’sche Publizistik bisher eher im Schatten stand. Die These wurde bestätigt, dass gerade deshalb, weil Frankl eine eigene publizistische Linie verfolgt hatte, hier erstmalig grundlegende Elemente des Modernen Journalismus aufzuspüren sind. Die vorliegende Arbeit ordnet Frankl somit in einen Kanon journalistischer Persönlichkeiten Österreichs ein. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse der historischen Diskursanalyse des Modernen Journalismus dienen der historischen Publizistikforschung und stellen die zeitliche Einordnung Österreichs in eine moderne Gesellschaft, in der Funktionalität und die Unverzichtbarkeit des Journalismus und der Massenmedien eine grundlegende Gemeinsamkeit darstellen, klar.
description: Ludwig August Frankl (1810-1894) is an almost forgotten journalist of the 19th century. The present research paper closes a research gap in communication history and examines Frankl’s journalistic influence, which exists to the present day. Frankl's significance reached its culmination in the year of the Vienna Revolution of 1848, which was even more astonishing, considering that his daily newspaper “Wiener Abendzeitung” and the weekly “Sonntagsblätter” could neither be attributed to the radical revolutionary press, nor to their conservative opponents. The focus on both of these is most likely the reason that Frankl’s journalistic work was relegated to the shadows up till now. The thesis was confirmed that precisely because Frankl had pursued his own journalistic convictions, primary elements of modern journalism were able to be discovered within Frankl’s body of work for the first time - thus classifying Frankl among the canon of Austria’s important journalistic personalities. The results proceeding from the analysis of the historical discourse in modern journalism contribute to today’s research of historical journalism and clearly place Austria within modern society, in which the functioning of journalism and mass media plays an indispensable role.
Simple connectome inference from partial correlation statistics in calcium imaging
Creators: name: Sutera, Antonio
name: Joly, Arnaud
name: François-Lavet, Vincent
name: Qiu, Zixiao Aaron
name: Louppe, Gilles
name: Ernst, Damien
name: Geurts, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we propose a simple yet effective solution to the problem of connectome inference in calcium imaging data. The proposed algorithm consists of two steps. First, processing the raw signals to detect neural peak activities. Second, inferring the degree of association between neurons from partial correlation statistics. This paper summarises the methodology that led us to win the Connectomics Challenge, proposes a simplified version of our method, and finally compares our results with respect to other inference methods.
Weyl Curvature Hypothesis in Light of Quantum Backreaction at Cosmological Singularities or Bounces
Creators: name: Hu, Bei-Lok
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: weyl curvature hypothesis
early universe cosmology
singularity and bounce
cyclic universe
quantum fields
backreaction effects

description: The Weyl curvature constitutes the radiative sector of the Riemann curvature tensor and gives a measure of the anisotropy and inhomogeneities of spacetime. Penrose’s 1979 Weyl curvature hypothesis (WCH) assumes that the universe began at a very low gravitational entropy state, corresponding to zero Weyl curvature, namely, the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) universe. This is a simple assumption with far-reaching implications. In classical general relativity, Belinsky, Khalatnikov and Lifshitz (BKL) showed in the 70s that the most general cosmological solutions of the Einstein equation are that of the inhomogeneous Kasner types, with intermittent alteration of the one direction of contraction (in the cosmological expansion phase), according to the mixmaster dynamics of Misner (M). How could WCH and BKL-M co-exist? An answer was provided in the 80s with the consideration of quantum field processes such as vacuum particle creation, which was copious at the Planck time (10−43 s), and their backreaction effects were shown to be so powerful as to rapidly damp away the irregularities in the geometry. It was proposed that the vaccum viscosity due to particle creation can act as an efficient transducer of gravitational entropy (large for BKL-M) to matter entropy, keeping the universe at that very early time in a state commensurate with the WCH. In this essay I expand the scope of that inquiry to a broader range, asking how the WCH would fare with various cosmological theories, from classical to semiclassical to quantum, focusing on their predictions near the cosmological singularities (past and future) or avoidance thereof, allowing the Universe to encounter different scenarios, such as undergoing a phase transition or a bounce. WCH is of special importance to cyclic cosmologies, because any slight irregularity toward the end of one cycle will generate greater anisotropy and inhomogeneities in the next cycle. We point out that regardless of what other processes may be present near the beginning and the end states of the universe, the backreaction effects of quantum field processes probably serve as the best guarantor of WCH because these vacuum processes are ubiquitous, powerful and efficient in dissipating the irregularities to effectively nudge the Universe to a near-zero Weyl curvature condition.
The Potentials of Methylene Blue as an Anti-Aging Drug
Creators: name: Xue, Huijing
name: Thaivalappil, Abhirami
name: Cao, Kan
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: methylene blue
mitochondria
neurodegeneration
skin aging
progeria

description: Methylene blue (MB), as the first fully man-made medicine, has a wide range of clinical applications. Apart from its well-known applications in surgical staining, malaria, and methemoglobinemia, the anti-oxidative properties of MB recently brought new attention to this century-old drug. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed in systematic aging that affects many different tissues, including the brain and skin. This leads to increaseding oxidative stress and results in downstream phenotypes under age-related conditions. MB can bypass Complex I/III activity in mitochondria and diminish oxidative stress to some degree. This review summarizes the recent studies on the applications of MB in treating age-related conditions, including neurodegeneration, memory loss, skin aging, and a premature aging disease, progeria.
Postprocessing methods used in the search for continuous gravitational-wave signals from the Galactic Center
Creators: name: Behnke, Berit
name: Papa, Maria Alessandra
name: Prix, Reinhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search for continuous gravitational-wave signals requires the development of techniques that can effectively explore the low-significance regions of the candidate set. In this paper we present the methods that were developed for a search for continuous gravitational-wave signals from the Galactic Center [1]. First, we present a data-selection method that increases the sensitivity of the chosen data set by 20%-30% compared to the selection methods used in previous directed searches. Second, we introduce postprocessing methods that reliably rule out candidates that stem from random fluctuations or disturbances in the data. In the context of [J. Aasi et al., Phys. Rev. D 88, 102002 (2013)] their use enabled the investigation of candidates three standard deviations below the loudest expected candidate in Gaussian noise from the entire search. Such low-significance regions had not been explored in continuous gravitational-wave searches before. We finally present a new procedure for deriving upper limits on the gravitational-wave amplitude, which is several times faster with respect to the standard injection-and-search approach commonly used.
description: 17 pages, 17 figures; [v2] Incorporated journal referee suggestions and journal proof
Additional file 6 of Immune-related 3-lncRNA signature with prognostic connotation in a multi-cancer setting
Creators: name: Sherif, Shimaa
name: Mall, Raghvendra
name: Almeer, Hossam
name: Naik, Adviti
name: Al Homaid, Abdulaziz
name: Thomas, Remy
name: Roelands, Jessica
name: Narayanan, Sathiya
name: Mohamed, Mahmoud Gasim
name: Bedri, Shahinaz
name: Al-Bader, Salha Bujassoum
name: Junejo, Kulsoom
name: Bedognetti, Davide
name: Hendrickx, Wouter
name: Decock, Julie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 6: Prognostic value of ICR classifier across solid cancers. Forest plot showing HRs for death (overall survival) and corresponding 95%-confidence interval for the continuous ICR score and number of patients for each TCGA cancer cohort and RAQA breast cancer cohort. Significant positive HRs are visualized in blue and significant negative HRs are visualized in red. ICR enabled (HR < 1, p-value < 0.05) cancer types are indicated with orange asterisks and ICR disabled (HR > 1, p-value < 0.05) cancers are indicated with purple asterisks.
title: Erklärung der Wiener Bürohochhausstandorte durch geographische Raumtheorien
Creators: name: Altmann, Thomas
Year: 2021

description: Als bedeutender nationaler und internationaler Standort sind in Wien zahlreiche Büronutzungen konzentriert. Diese sind in mehreren Bürogeschäftsvierteln über die gesamte Stadt verteilt. Bisher wurde noch nicht untersucht, ob diese räumliche Verteilung theoretisch begründbar ist. Die Raumtheorien der Geographie zeigen verschiedene mögliche Erklärungen, an welchen Standorten verschiedene Nutzungen innerhalb einer Stadt zu finden sind, bzw. in welchem Maße. Jedoch existiert keine Arbeit, die die Anwendbarkeit dieser Theorien auf den Standort hinsichtlich der Büronutzungen in Wien untersucht. Diese Forschungslücke soll mit folgender Masterarbeit geschlossen werden. Auf Grundlage der Literatur zu verschiedenen geographischen Raumtheorien sowie zur Büronutzung werden vier möglichst unterschiedliche Raumtheorien herangezogen und auf die Anwendbarkeit am Standort Wien überprüft. Ziel ist es festzustellen, ob Raumtheorien die komplexen Ausbreitungsmuster von Büronutzungen in einer mitteleuropäischen Stadt wie Wien bestätigen können, und wenn ja, welche Theorien dafür geeigneter sind. Können derartige Ausbreitungsmuster eher von zentralistischen Theorien oder dezentralisierenden Theorien erklärt werden? Reichen Raumtheorien aus, den Sachverhalt darzustellen, oder müssen zusätzliche Parameter für die Bewertung der Standorte herangezogen werden? Hierfür ist es notwendig, zuerst den Standort Wien genau zu analysieren, weshalb zusätzlich zur Literaturanalyse Strategiedokumente der Stadt Wien sowie Büromarktberichte von Immobilienagenturen, die sich mit dem Standort Wien beschäftigen, für die Betrachtung herangezogen werden. Kartographische Methoden sollen auf diese Weise sowohl bereits bestehende Standorte analysieren als auch von Theorien erwartete Ausbreitungsgebiete kartographisch darstellen. Das geographische Informationssystem QGIS soll schließlich den methodischen Schlussstein bilden und damit diverse Zusammenhänge überprüft werden. Mithilfe der erwarteten Ausbreitungsgebiete der Raumtheorien werden mögliche zukünftige Bürostandorte festgestellt. Am Schluss der Arbeit soll somit beantwortet werden, ob derzeit bestehende Büroagglomerationen von geographischen Raumtheorien erklärt werden können, welche Theorien die fundierteste Erklärung bietet, sowie welche Abweichungen es davon gibt und wie diese zu erklären sind.