cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Jet resonance in truncated ideally contoured nozzle
Creators: name: Bakulu, Florian
name: Lehnasch, Guillaume
name: Jaunet, Vincent
name: da Silva, Eric Goncalves
name: Girard, Steve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An overexpanded jet in a truncated ideally contoured nozzle is found to feature a tonal behavior. The flow field is investigated to understand its origin and show how it modifies side-load properties. The temporal and spatial organization of wall pressure and jet velocity field are first experimentally characterized based on synchronized acquisition of both wall-pressure along rings of pressure probes located within the nozzle and high-rate time-resolved PIV velocity fields measured in a plane section crossing the jet downstream of the nozzle exit. The external jet aerodynamics and internal wall pressure field are first shown to be clearly linked, but only at this frequency peak for which a significant coherence emerges between first azimuthal mode of fluctuating wall pressure and first azimuthal mode of fluctuating external velocity field. A Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation is carried out and validated against experimental results in order to reproduce this tonal flow dynamics. The analysis of simulation data shows that the tonal flow behaviour of first azimuthal mode is indeed more largely felt within the whole flow structure where both upstream and downstream propagating waves are shown to co-exist, even far downstream of the nozzle exit. The analysis shows that both waves possess support in the jet core and have a non negligible pressure signature in the separated region. The Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition of fluctuating pressure field at this tonal frequency reveals that the nature and intensity of lateral pressure forces is directed by the resonance related to the upstream- and downstream-propagating coherent structures, which imposes the shock-waves network to respond and modulate the pressure levels on the nozzle internal surface.
description: 49 pages, 21 figures
THE ROLE OF SOIL TEST INFORMATION IN REDUCING GROUNDWATER POLLUTION
Creators: name: Fleming, Ronald A.
name: Fleming, Ronald A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Will nitrogen soil testing improve groundwater quality enough to decrease the demand for direct regulation? This question is addressed using a dynamic simulation model of irrigated agriculture in eastern Oregon. Results indicate that soil testing reduces applied nitrogen, increases farm profits and improves groundwater quality, but not enough to avoid regulation.
Studies toward the total synthesis of salicylihalamide A
Creators: name: Chandler, Melanie K.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis describes studies toward the synthesis of enamide macrolide salicylihalamide A (1). The convergent synthetic plan requires assembly of three main subunits whose eventual coupling should provide salicylihalamide A. Construction of two key fragments encompassing the sensitive (Z, Z)-diene sidechain (177) and the functionalized aromatic portion (142) of the target 1 have been realized, Compound 142 was efficiently synthesized using the accelerative effects of CuCI on the Pd(0)-catalyzed Stille coupling between o-substituted aromatic triflate 140 and allyl tributylstannane. The diene 177 was generated using a copper(l) thiophenecarboxylate mediated cross-coupling between vinyl stannane 181 and iodide 180. The reaction was stereospecific, rapid and mild enough to allow efficient construction of this hindered and labile sidechain. Preliminary investigations into the enantioselective synthesis of the remaining subunit culminated in the formation of aldehyde 95. During the course of this work a new protocol for generating Z-vinyl stannanes such as 181 from (trimethylsilyl)acetylene was also developed.
ENVIRONMENT, EQUITY AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
Creators: name: Onal, Hayri
name: Algozin, Kenneth A.
name: Isik, Murat
name: Onal, Hayri
name: Algozin, Kenneth A.
name: Isik, Murat
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This paper presents a methodology for incorporating environmental and social equity objectives in an economic analysis of watershed management. Empirical results indicate that restricting agricultural pollution notably increases farm costs. The equity objective also adversely affects economic efficiency, but the cost increase due to social equity is less significant.
Challenges of AI in Wireless Networks for IoT
Creators: name: Ahmad, Ijaz
name: Shahabuddin, Shahriar
name: Kumar, Tanesh
name: Harjula, Erkki
name: Meisel, Marcus
name: Juntti, Markku
name: Sauter, Thilo
name: Ylianttila, Mika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Internet of Things (IoT), hailed as the enabler of the next industrial revolution, will require ubiquitous connectivity, context-aware and dynamic service mobility, and extreme security through the wireless network infrastructure. Artificial Intelligence (AI), thus, will play a major role in the underlying network infrastructure. However, a number of challenges will surface while using the concepts, tools and algorithms of AI in wireless networks used by IoT. In this article, the main challenges in using AI in the wireless network infrastructure that facilitate end-to-end IoT communication are highlighted with potential generalized solution and future research directions.
Kaon-nucleon interaction in the extended chiral SU(3) quark model
Creators: name: Huang, F.
name: Zhang, Z. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chiral SU(3) quark model is extended to include the coupling between the quark and vector chiral fields. The one-gluon exchange (OGE) which dominantly governs the short-range quark-quark interaction in the original chiral SU(3) quark model is now nearly replaced by the vector-meson exchange. Using this model, the isospin I=0 and I=1 kaon-nucleon S, P, D, F wave phase shifts are dynamically studied by solving the resonating group method (RGM) equation. Similar to those given by the original chiral SU(3) quark model, the calculated results for many partial waves are consistent with the experiment, while there is no improvement in this new approach for the P_{13} and D_{15} channels, of which the theoretical phase shifts are too much repulsive and attractive respectively when the laboratory momentum of the kaon meson is greater than 300 MeV.
description: 19 pages, 16 figures. Accepted by Phys. Rev. C
SOIL DEGRADATION, TECHNICAL CHANGE AND GOVERNMENT POLICIES IN SOUTHERN MALI
Creators: name: Dalton, Timothy J.
name: Masters, William A.
name: Dalton, Timothy J.
name: Masters, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Productivity Analysis

description: This study links intertemporal optimization to a biophysical crop growth model finding that agricultural intensification does not dramatically degrade soils in southern Mali. Productivity growth can be sustained through adoption of new techniques, particularly with policy reforms to reduce marketing costs and tax the use of common-property resources.
Environmental Consequences of Ethanol from Corn Grain, Ethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass, and Conventional Gasoline
Creators: name: Mapemba, Lawrence D.
name: Epplin, Francis M.
name: Huhnke, Raymond L.
name: Mapemba, Lawrence D.
name: Epplin, Francis M.
name: Huhnke, Raymond L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The Energy Policy Act of 2005 includes a provision designed to double the production and use of ethanol in fuels by 2012, and that beginning in 2013, a minimum of 250 million gallons per year of ethanol be produced from lignocellulosic sources such as corn stover, wheat straw, and switchgrass. This study was conducted to determine the environmental and health consequences of using ethanol as an additive to gasoline. Comparisons are made among conventional gasoline (CG), a blend of 10 percent corn-ethanol and 90 percent CG (E10-corn), and a blend of 10 percent ethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) and 90 CG (E10-LCB).
On the spatial nature of the groundwater pumping externality
Creators: name: Brozovic, Nicholas
name: Sunding, David L.
name: Zilberman, David
name: Brozovic, Nicholas
name: Sunding, David L.
name: Zilberman, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Most existing economic analyses of optimal groundwater management use single-cell aquifer models, which assume that an aquifer responds uniformly and instantly to groundwater pumping. This paper demonstrates how spatially explicit aquifer response equations from the water resources engineering literature may be embedded in a general economic framework. Calibration of our theoretical model to published economic studies of specific aquifers demonstrates that, by averaging basin drawdown across the entire resource, existing studies generally understate the magnitude of the groundwater pumping externality relative to spatially explicit models. For the aquifers studied, the drawdown predicted by single-cell models may be orders of magnitude less than that predicted by a spatially explicit model, even at large distances from a pumping well. Our results suggest that single-cell models may be appropriate for analyses of the welfare effects of groundwater management policies either in small aquifers or in larger aquifers where average well spacings are tens of miles or more. However, in extensive aquifers where well spacings are on the order of a few miles or less, such as many of those of concern to groundwater managers and policy makers, use of single-cell models may result in misleading policy implications due to understatement of the magnitude and spatial nature of the groundwater externality.
Statistical Mechanics of the Self-Gravitating Gas: Thermodynamic Limit, Unstabilities and Phase Diagrams
Creators: name: de Vega, H. J.
name: Sanchez, N. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the self-gravitating gas at thermal equilibrium has an infinite volume limit in the three ensembles (GCE, CE, MCE) when (N, V) -> infty, keeping N/V^{1/3} fixed, that is, with eta = G m^2 N/[ V^{1/3} T] fixed. We develop MonteCarlo simulations, analytic mean field methods (MF) and low density expansions. We compute the equation of state and find it to be locally p(r) = T rho_V(r), that is a local ideal gas equation of state. The system is in a gaseous phase for eta < eta_T = 1.51024...and collapses into a very dense object for eta > eta_T in the CE with the pressure becoming large and negative. The isothermal compressibility diverges at eta = eta_T. We compute the fluctuations around mean field for the three ensembles. We show that the particle distribution can be described by a Haussdorf dimension 1 < D < 3.
description: 12 pages, Invited lecture at `Statistical Mechanics of Non-Extensive Systems', Observatoire de Paris, October 2005, to be published in a Special issue of `Les Comptes rendus de l'Acade'mie des sciences', Elsevier
Beyond Organic: An Overview of Biodynamic Agriculture with Case Examples
Creators: name: Phillips, Jon C.
name: Rodgriguez, L. Pilar
name: Phillips, Jon C.
name: Rodgriguez, L. Pilar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: A great deal of research has been done regarding economic and consumer aspects of organic agriculture. A different form of agriculture, called biodynamic agriculture, is emerging, with acreage located across the globe. Like organic agriculture, biodynamic agriculture has a certification process, but it has not received as much research attention from agricultural economists. This paper provides basic background information about biodynamic agriculture. In particular, it gives a count of certified biodynamic farms, by state, in the U.S., and it gives the most common products produced by those farms. Wine grapes are by far the most common biodynamic agricultural product. It also includes three case examples of firms employing this production system and business strategy. The diverse case examples were developed through telephone interviews with certified biodynamic agricultural producers. It is predicted that despite its growth, biodynamic agriculture will become neither a fad nor a trend. Rather, it will remain a background influence on organic and conventional agriculture.
Reconsidering Adjustment Costs of the Association Agreement. The Case of Hungarian Food Industry
Creators: name: Ferto, Imre
name: Ferto, Imre
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: The structure of Hungary's food trade expansion over the transition period 1995-2003 and its implications for labour-market adjustment is examined. An econometric analysis of trade and employment data suggests that changes in domestic consumption and productivity have significant influence on employment changes. Market concentration has strong positive and significant effects, while FDI has no influence on the employment changes. Our results do not provide clear support for the smooth-adjustment hypothesis of intra-industry trade. However, our results should be interpreted only with care due to sensitivity on the choice of period and lag structure.
$ D $-optimal designs for Poisson regression with synergetic interaction effect
Creators: name: Freise, Fritjof
name: Graßhoff, Ulrike
name: Röttger, Frank
name: Schwabe, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62K05 (Primary), 62J12 (Secondary)

description: We characterize $D$-optimal designs in the two-dimensional Poisson regression model with synergetic interaction and provide an explicit proof. The proof is based on the idea of reparameterization of the design region in terms of contours of constant intensity. This approach leads to a substantial reduction of complexity as properties of the sensitivity can be treated along and across the contours separately. Furthermore, some extensions of this result to higher dimensions are presented.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
Effective interaction between molecules in the BEC regime of a superfluid Fermi gas
Creators: name: Ohashi, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effective interaction between Cooper-pair molecules in the st rong-coupling BEC regime of a superfluid Fermi gas with a Feshbach resonance. Our work uses a path integral formulation and a renormalization group (RG) analy sis of fluctuations in a single-channel model. We show that a physical cutoff en ergy $ω_c$ originating from the finite molecular binding energy is the key to understanding the interaction between molecules in the BEC regime. Our work t hus clarifies recent results by showing that $a_{\rm M}=2a_{\rm F}$ is a {\it ba re} molecular scattering length while $a_{\rm M}=(0.6\sim0.75) a_{\rm F}$ is the low energy molecular scattering length renormalized to include high-energy scat tering up to $ω_c$ (here $a_{\rm F}$ is the scattering length between Fermi atoms). We also include many-body effects at finite temperatures. We find that $a_{\rm M}$ is strongly dependent on temperature, vanishing at $T_{\rm c}$, consistent with the earlier Bose gas results of Bijlsma and Stoof.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Identifying Target Markets for Landscape Plant Retail Outlets
Creators: name: McClellan, Chandler
name: Turner, Steven C.
name: Gunter, Lewell F.
name: Stegelin, Forrest E.
name: McClellan, Chandler
name: Turner, Steven C.
name: Gunter, Lewell F.
name: Stegelin, Forrest E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Landscape plant retailers must identify target markets to maximize marketing effectiveness. A tobit process is used on a system of three equations with fourteen years of data identifies target markets for different retail outlets. Results, compared with a previous study, show effects of time on target markets.
AN EVALUATION OF GEOGRAPHIC TARGETING IN BOLSA ALIMENTAÇÃO IN BRAZIL
Creators: name: Gilligan, Daniel O.
name: Veiga, Alinne
name: Gilligan, Daniel O.
name: Veiga, Alinne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: We evaluate the effectiveness of targeting for Brazil's Bolsa Alimentação, a nutrition-oriented cash transfer program conditioned on beneficiary participation in health activities. Geographic targeting of program funds relied on adjusted estimates of municipality child stunting prevalence, or a malnutrition map. This evaluation provides new estimates of municipality child stunting prevalence for Brazil. The improved estimates indicate moderate budgetary misallocation from geographic targeting. However, when geographic targeting errors are combined with those arising from an inconsistency between geographic and household targeting objectives, undercoverage of children at greatest risk of stunting is potentially large.
Self-Gravitating Phase Transitions: Point Particles, Black Holes and Strings
Creators: name: Sanchez, Norma G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the quantum string entropy S_s(m,j) of the microscopic string states of mass m and spin j in two physically relevant backgrounds: Kerr (rotating) black holes and de Sitter (dS) space-time. We find a new formula for the quantum gravitational entropy S_{sem} (M, J), as a function of the usual Bekenstein-Hawking entropy S_{sem}^(0)(M, J). We compute the quantum string emission by a black hole in de Sitter space-time (bhdS). In all these cases: (i) strings with the highest spin, and (ii) in dS space-time, (iii) quantum rotating black holes, (iv) quantum dS regime, (v) late bhdS evaporation, we find a new gravitational phase transition with a common distinctive universal feature: A square root branch point singularity in any space-time dimensions. This is the same behavior as for the thermal self-gravitating gas of point particles (de Vega-Sanchez transition), thus describing a new universality class.
description: Invited lecture at `Statistical Mechanics of Non-Extensive Systems', Observatoire de Paris, 24-25 October 2005, to be published in a Special issue of `Les Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences', Elsevier
Kinematic distinction of the two subpopulations of X-ray pulsars
Creators: name: Prišegen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The population of Be/X-ray binaries shows strong evidence of bimodality, especially in the spin period of neutron stars. Several physical mechanisms may produce this bimodality. The most favored candidate mechanisms are two distinct supernova channels or different accretion modes of the neutron stars in Be/X-ray binaries. Investigating the kinematics of these systems may provide some additional insight into the physics of this bimodality. If the two Be/X-ray binary subpopulations arise from two distinct supernova types, then the two subpopulations should have different peculiar (systemic) velocities. This can be tested either directly, by measuring the velocity of the system, or indirectly, by measuring the position of the system with respect to its birthplace. Using the most recent Gaia dataset and the newest catalogs of Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) star clusters, we analyzed the tangential peculiar velocities of Be/X-ray binaries in the Galaxy and the positions of Be/X-ray binaries in the SMC. We used the distance of the system from the nearest young star cluster as a proxy to the tangential velocity of the system. We applied statistical testing to investigate whether the two subpopulations that are divided by the spin of the neutron star are also kinematically distinct. There is evidence that the two subpopulations are indeed kinematically distinct. However, the tangential peculiar velocities of the two subpopulations are the reverse from what is expected from the distinct supernova channel hypothesis. We find some marginal evidence ($p \approx$~0.005) that the Galactic Be/X-ray binaries from the short-spin subpopulation have systematically higher peculiar velocities than the systems from the long-spin subpopulation. The same effect, but weaker, is also recovered for the SMC Be/X-ray binaries for all considered cluster catalogs.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
A REGIONAL MODELING STRUCTURE FOR ASSESSING COSTS OF IMPLEMENTING MANURE NUTRIENT STANDARDS: APPLICATION TO THE CHESAPEAKE BAY WATERSHED
Creators: name: Aillery, Marcel P.
name: Gollehon, Noel R.
name: Ribaudo, Marc
name: Aillery, Marcel P.
name: Gollehon, Noel R.
name: Ribaudo, Marc
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: A Chesapeake Bay Watershed manure management model estimates the minimal regional net cost of land applying manure at $76 million under a multi-year phosphorus standard, with assumed manure acceptance rate on 60 percent of cropland. The multi-year standard represents a savings of 17 percent relative to an annual phosphorus standard.
Determination of thermal and optical parameters of melanins by photopyroelectric spectroscopy
Creators: name: de Albuquerque, J. E.
name: Giacomantonio, C.
name: White, A.
name: Meredith, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photopyroelectric spectroscopy (PPE) was used to study the thermal and optical properties of electropolymerized melanins. The photopyroelectric intensity signal and its phase were independently measured as a function of wavelength, as well as a function of chopping frequency for a given wavelength in the saturation part of the PPE spectrum. Equations for both the intensity and the phase of the PPE signal were used to fit the experimental results. From the fittings we obtained for the first time, with great accuracy, the thermal diffusivity coefficient, the thermal conductivity and the specific heat of the samples, as well as a value for the condensed phase optical gap, which we found to be 1.70 eV.
description: 4 Page Letter
Development of the two-photon photoemission technique for the study of interfaces between metal substrates and thin conjugated polymer films
Creators: name: Ament, Jessica Margaret
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis examines the novel application of two-photon photoemission to the investigation of interfacial electronic structure between a metal substrate and a thin conjugated polymer film. Experimental considerations of the technique are discussed in detail. Theoretical aspects of employing the technique to study metal/conjugated polymer interfaces are compared to those of other, existing methodologies. Preliminary results from two-photon photoemission studies of poly(3-hexylthiophene) films on Au(111) substrates illustrate the ability of the technique to directly probe unoccupied interfacial states involved in electron transfer. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of poly(3-hexylthiophene) is found to lie 2.0eV above the Fermi level of the gold substrate, corresponding to a 0.8eV downward shift of the polymer energy levels upon interface formation. Results also illustrate the high sensitivity of the two-photon photoemission technique for studying these systems. A nearly 5000-fold increase in signal intensity from the polymer compared to the bare metal is attributed to the existence of long-lived excited states in the conjugated polymer.
New York Times Upshot/Siena College: September 2018 Kentucky 06 Poll
Creators: name: New York Times
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Likelihood of voting in 2018 election (2); Kentucky Congressional District 06 (1); Democratic Candidate Amy McGrath (1); Republican Candidate Andy Barr (1); opinion of various public figures (2); vote for Democrat/Republican for Congress (1); respondent would like Democrats/Republicans to control House of Representatives (1); President Donald Trump job performance (1); support/oppose various positions (3); agree/disagree with various statements (4); ever struggled/known someone who has struggled with opioid addiction (1); political partisanship (1).
Energies of Quantum QED Flux Tubes
Creators: name: Weigel, H
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk I present recent studies on vacuum polarization energies and energy densities induced by QED flux tubes. I focus on comparing three and four dimensional scenarios and the discussion of various approximation schemes in view of the exact treatment.
description: 9 pages latex, Talk presented at the QFEXT 05 workshop in Barcelona, Sept. 2005. To appear in the proceedings
Finite-size security of continuous-variable quantum key distribution with digital signal processing
Creators: name: Matsuura, Takaya
name: Maeda, Kento
name: Sasaki, Toshihiko
name: Koashi, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In comparison to conventional discrete-variable (DV) quantum key distribution (QKD), continuous-variable (CV) QKD with homodyne/heterodyne measurements has distinct advantages of lower-cost implementation and affinity to wavelength division multiplexing. On the other hand, its continuous nature makes it harder to accommodate to practical signal processing, which is always discretized, leading to lack of complete security proofs so far. Here we propose a tight and robust method of estimating fidelity of an optical pulse to a coherent state via heterodyne measurements. We then construct a binary phase modulated CV QKD protocol and prove its security in the finite-key-size regime against general coherent attacks, based on proof techniques of DV QKD. Such a complete security proof achieves a significant milestone in exploiting the benefits of CV QKD.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Consequences of Disk Scale Height on LISA Confusion Noise from Close White Dwarf Binaries
Creators: name: Benacquista, M.
name: Holley-Bockelmann, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational radiation from the Galactic population of close white dwarf binaries (CWDBs) is expected to produce a confusion-limited signal at the lower end of the sensitivity band of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). The canonical scale height of the disk population has been taken to be 90 pc for most studies of the nature of this confusion-limited signal. This estimate is probably too low, and the consequences of a more realistic scale height are investigated with a model of the LISA signal due to populations of close white dwarf binaries with different scale heights. If the local space density of CWDBs is held constant, increasing the scale height results in both an increase in the overall strength of the confusion-limited signal as well as in increase in the frequency at which the signals become individually resolvable. If the total number of binaries is held constant, increasing the scale height results in a reduction of the number of expected bright signals above the confusion-limited signal at low frequencies. We introduce an estimator for comparing this transition frequency that takes into account the signal spreading at higher frequencies.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures, accepted by Astrophysical Journal, substantial revisions in response to referee, conclusions slightly revised
Animated GIF optimization by adaptive color local table management
Creators: name: Giudice, Oliver
name: Allegra, Dario
name: Guarnera, Francesco
name: Stanco, Filippo
name: Battiato, Sebastiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: After thirty years of the GIF file format, today is becoming more popular than ever: being a great way of communication for friends and communities on Instant Messengers and Social Networks. While being so popular, the original compression method to encode GIF images have not changed a bit. On the other hand popularity means that storage saving becomes an issue for hosting platforms. In this paper a parametric optimization technique for animated GIFs will be presented. The proposed technique is based on Local Color Table selection and color remapping in order to create optimized animated GIFs while preserving the original format. The technique achieves good results in terms of byte reduction with limited or no loss of perceived color quality. Tests carried out on 1000 GIF files demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization strategy.
NuTeV Structure Function Measurement
Creators: name: Tzanov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The NuTeV experiment obtained high statistics samples of neutrino and anti-neutrino charged current events during the 1996-1997 Fermilab fixed target run. The experiment combines sign-selected neutrino and anti-neutrino beams and the upgraded CCFR iron-scintillator neutrino detector. A precision continuous calibration beam was used to determine the muon and hadron energy scales to a precision of 0.7% and 0.43% respectively. The structure functions F_2(x,Q^2) and xF_3(x,Q^2) obtained by fitting the y-dependence of the sum and the difference of the neutrino and anti-neutrino differential cross sections are presented.
description: Proceedings of the XIII international workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering DIS 2005, 4 pages, 4 figures
Kinetic Scale Slow Solar Wind Turbulence in the Inner Heliosphere: Co-existence of Kinetic Alfvén Waves and Alfvén Ion Cyclotron Waves
Creators: name: Huang, S. Y.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Sahraoui, F.
name: He, J. S.
name: Yuan, Z. G.
name: Andrés, N.
name: Hadid, L. Z.
name: Deng, X. H.
name: Jiang, K.
name: Yu, L.
name: Xiong, Q. Y.
name: Wei, Y. Y.
name: Xu, S. B.
name: Bale, S. D.
name: Kasper, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of the plasma wave modes around the ion kinetic scales in highly Alfvénic slow solar wind turbulence is investigated using data from the NASA's Parker Solar Probe taken in the inner heliosphere, at 0.18 Astronomical Unit (AU) from the sun. The joint distribution of the normalized reduced magnetic helicity $σ_m (θ_{RB}, τ)$ is obtained, where $θ_{RB}$ is the angle between the local mean magnetic field and the radial direction and $τ$ is the temporal scale. Two populations around ion scales are identified: the first population has $σ_m (θ_{RB}, τ) < 0$ for frequencies (in the spacecraft frame) ranging from 2.1 to 26 Hz for $60^{\circ} < θ_{RB} < 130^{\circ}$, corresponding to kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs), and the second population has $σ_m (θ_{RB}, τ) > 0$ in the frequency range [1.4, 4.9] Hz for $θ_{RB} > 150^{\circ}$, corresponding to Alfvén ion Cyclotron Waves (ACWs). This demonstrates for the first time the co-existence of KAWs and ACWs in the slow solar wind in the inner heliosphere, which contrasts with previous observations in the slow solar wind at 1 AU. This discrepancy between 0.18 and 1 AU could be explained, either by i) a dissipation of ACWs via cyclotron resonance during their outward journey, or by ii) the high Alfvénicity of the slow solar wind at 0.18 AU that may be favorable for the excitation of ACWs.
A New Approach to Solve the Low-lying States of the Schroedinger Equation
Creators: name: Lee, T. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review a new iterative procedure to solve the low-lying states of the Schroedinger equation, done in collaboration with Richard Friedberg. For the groundstate energy, the $n^{th}$ order iterative energy is bounded by a finite limit, independent of $n$; thereby it avoids some of the inherent difficulties faced by the usual perturbative series expansions. For a fairly large class of problems, this new procedure can be proved to give convergent iterative solutions. These convergent solutions include the long standing difficult problem of a quartic potential with either symmetric or asymmetric minima.
description: 54 pages, 3 figures given separately
A revised synthesis of the rift and drift history of the Gulf of Mexico and surrounding regions in the light of improved age dating of the Middle Jurassic salt
Creators: name: Pindell, James
name: Villagómez, Diego
name: Molina-Garza, Roberto
name: Graham, Rod
name: Weber, Bodo
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Supplementary material 2: Zircon U–Pb LA–ICP–MS methodology
Direct Observation of Hydrogen Adsorption Sites and Nano-Cage Formation in Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF)
Creators: name: Yildirim, T.
name: Hartman, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hydrogen adsorption sites in MOF5 were determined using neutron powder diffraction along with first-principles calculations. The metal-oxide cluster is primarily responsible for the adsorption while the organic linker plays only a secondary role. Equally important, at low temperatures and high-concentration, H2 molecules form unique interlinked high-symmetry nano-clusters with intermolecular distances as small as 3.0 Ang. and H2-uptake as high as 10-wt%. These results hold the key to optimizing MOF materials for hydrogen storage applications and also suggest that MOFs can be used as templates to create artificial interlinked hydrogen nano-cages with novel properties.
description: 4.2 pages, 6 figures, For more info see http://www.ncnr.nist.gov/staff/taner/h2
Production of antimatter in the galaxy
Creators: name: Salati, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The astronomical dark matter could be made of weakly interacting massive species whose mutual annihilations should produce antimatter particles and distortions in the corresponding energy spectra. The propagation of cosmic rays inside the Milky Way plays a crucial role and is briefly presented. The uncertainties in its description lead to considerable variations in the predicted primary fluxes. This point is illustrated with antiprotons. Finally, the various forthcoming projects are rapidly reviewed with their potential reach.
description: Invited talk at the TAUP 2005 Conference in Zaragoza (Spain)
Relating branes and matrices
Creators: name: Ellwood, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a general map between a Dp-brane with magnetic flux and a matrix configuration of D0-branes, by showing how one can rewrite the boundary state of the Dp-brane in terms of its D0-brane constituents. This map gives a simple prescription for constructing the matrices of fuzzy spaces corresponding to branes of arbitrary shape and topology. Since we explicitly identify the D0-brane degrees of freedom on the brane, we also derive the D0-brane charge of the brane in a very direct way including the A-genus term. As a check on our formalism, we use our map to derive the abelian-Born-Infeld equations of motion from the action of the D0-brane matrices.
description: 28 pages, Latex
Induced Phantom and 5D Attractor Solution in Space-Time-Matter Theory
Creators: name: Liu, Hongya
name: Liu, Huanying
name: Chang, Baorong
name: Xu, Lixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Spacetime-Matter theory we assume that the 4D induced matter of the $5D $ Ricci-flat bouncing cosmological solutions contains a perfect fluid as well as an induced scalar field. Then we show that the conventional 4D quintessence and phantom models of dark energy could be recovered from the $5D$ cosmological solutions. By using the phase-plane analysis to study the stability of evolution of the $5D$ models, we find that the conventional 4D late-time attractor solution is also recovered. This attractor solution shows that the scale factors of the phantom dominated universes in both the 4D and $5D$ theories will reach infinity in a finite time and the universes will be ended at a new kind of spacetime singularity at which everything will be annihilated. We also find that the repulsive force of the phantom may provide us with a mechanics to explain the bounce.
description: ws-mpla.cls, 9 pages, 1 figure, new references added
On the unique possibility to increase significantly the contrast of dark resonances on D1 line of $^{87}$Rb
Creators: name: Taichenachev, A. V.
name: Yudin, V. I.
name: Velichansky, V. L.
name: Zibrov, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and study, theoretically and experimentally, a new scheme of excitation of a coherent population trapping resonance for D1 line of alakli atoms with nuclear spin $I=3/2$ by bichromatic linearly polarized light ({\em lin}$||${\em lin} field) at the conditions of spectral resolution of the excited state. The unique properties of this scheme result in a high contrast of dark resonance for D1 line of $^{87}$Rb.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures. This material has been partially presented on ICONO-2005, 14 May 2005, St. Petersburg, Russia. v2 references added; text is changed a bit
THE AFRICAN GROWTH AND OPPORTUNITY ACT AND THE LATENT AGRICULTURAL EXPORT RESPONSE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Creators: name: Nouve, Kofi
name: Staatz, John M.
name: Nouve, Kofi
name: Staatz, John M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: The African Growth Opportunity Act (AGOA) provides preferential access to Africa's products in US markets. While proponents expect that AGOA will expand Africa's exports to the US, opponents argue that such increases are unlikely, particularly regarding agricultural exports. This paper offers new empirical evidence that is inconclusive regarding the impact of AGOA on African exports to the US.
INFORMATION BASED MODEL AVERAGING AND INTERNAL METANALYSIS IN SEEMINGLY UNRELATED REGRESSIONS WITH AN APPLICATION TO A DEMAND SYSTEM
Creators: name: Bryant, Henry L.
name: Davis, George C.
name: Bryant, Henry L.
name: Davis, George C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: This paper presents an information based model averaging and internal meta-analysis procedure that is easily applied to a large model space. In the application, the procedure is used to investigate the efficacy of some recently contested commodity promotion programs. The investigated model space consists of 576 demand systems. The internal meta-analysis indicates that theoretical restrictions and evaluation points are more important than alternative functional forms and explanatory variables in determining the elasticity values. The model averaging weights strongly support the theoretically consistent classical demand systems without promotion. The weighted or meta-price and meta-expenditure elasticities are presented and discussed.
New York Times Upshot/Siena College: September 2018 Minnesota 08 Poll
Creators: name: New York Times
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Likelihood of voting in 2018 election (2); opinion of various public figures (2); vote for Democrat/Republican for Congress (1); Minnesota Congressional District 08 (1); Democratic Candidate Joe Radinovich (1); Republican Candidate Pete Stauber (1); respondent would like Democrats/Republicans to control House of Representatives (1); President Donald Trump job performance (1); support/oppose position on gun control law banning sale of assault-style guns/high-capacity magazines (1); agree/disagree with various statements (5); ever struggled/known someone who has struggled with opioid addiction (1); political partisanship (1); how often use Facebook (1).
Geometric tri-product of the spin domain and Clifford algebras
Creators: name: Friedman, Yaakov
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 15A66, 17C90

description: We show that the triple product defined by the spin domain (Bounded Symmetric Domain of type 4 in Cartan's classification) is closely related to the geometric product in Clifford algebras. We present the properties of this tri-product and compare it with the geometric product. The spin domain can be used to construct a model in which spin 1 and spin1/2 particles coexist. Using the geometric tri-product, we develop the geometry of this domain. We present a geometric spectral theorem for this domain and obtain both spin 1 and spin 1/2 representations of the Lorentz group on this domain.
description: 28 pages, 4 figures
FOOD DEMAND IN URBAN CHINA: AN APPLICATION OF A MULTI-STAGE CENSORED DEMAND SYSTEM
Creators: name: Liu, Kang Ernest
name: Chern, Wen S.
name: Liu, Kang Ernest
name: Chern, Wen S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: Since its economic reform, China has changed significantly as it makes its transition from a centrally-planned to a consumer-oriented economy and thus has gradually increased household income and changed consumption patterns in urban China. This study attempts to provide an in-depth understanding of heterogeneous consumer patterns in urban China by developing a multi-stage censored demand system using household data. Specifically, this study develops an economic model considering heterogeneous consumption patterns across households and commodity groupings and estimates econometric models of a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QAIDS) using household data. Three methodologies are integrated including constructing a multi-stage demand system, incorporating demographic variables using the 'ordinary budget share scaling and translation' (OBSSAT), and employing a two-step estimator to deal with zero consumption problems. This study covers three provinces in China, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Guangdong, and uses household data from 1998 provided by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). Based on the Chinese food guide pyramid, a three-level utility tree is constructed dividing 18 food items into five subgroups. An empirical analysis is conducted by estimating econometric models to examine the impact of the potential factors, e.g., income and demographic variables, on food demand. The results show the uniqueness of this study in three dimensions. First, using the OBSSAT helps answer the question of "how to break down the heterogeneous consumption patterns in urban China?" In addition, our findings also show that China should be treated as several markets instead of one. Second, the QAIDS has not previously been applied to the study of food demand in urban China. Our results show that the QAIDS is superior to the AIDS; however, the degree of importance for the quadratic term decreases as demographic and censoring effects are considered in a demand system. Finally, 18 food items are broken down into five food subgroups and are estimated by a multi-stage censored QAIDS. Including this large food bundle in a demand system provides us detailed information of the relationship among food items.
New York Times Upshot/Siena College: September 2018 Minnesota 03 Poll
Creators: name: New York Times
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Likelihood of voting in 2018 election (2); opinion of various public figures (2); vote for Democrat/Republican for Congress (1); Minnesota Congressional District 03 (1); Democratic Candidate Dean Phillips (1); Republican Candidate Erik Paulsen (1); respondent would like Democrats/Republicans to control House of Representatives (1); President Donald Trump job performance (1); support/oppose position on gun control law banning sale of assault-style guns/high-capacity magazines (1); agree/disagree with various statements (5); ever struggled/known someone who has struggled with opioid addiction (1); political partisanship (1); how often use Facebook (1).
36. Science alerts
Creators: name: Perryman, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Gaia monitors the precise magnitudes of every star a few hundred times throughout its lifetime. From these measurements, the mission is discovering enormous numbers of variable stars. Amongst them are novae and supernovae,  as well as even more exotic variables. A powerful 'alerts' system is discovering many that deserve a closer look.