Enhancing Solid Propellants with Additively Manufactured Reactive Components and Modified Aluminum Particles
Creators: name: Collard, Diane
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2021
Subjects: Additive manufacturing
Composite and hybrid materials
Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified
Chemical and thermal processes in energy and combustion
Polymers and plastics

description: A variety of methods have been developed to enhance solid propellant burning rates, including adjusting oxidizer particle size, modifying metal additives, tailoring the propellant core geometry, and adding catalysts or wires. Fully consumable reactive wires embedded in propellant have been used to increase the burning rate by increasing the surface area; however, the manufacture of propellant grains and the observation of geometric effects with reactive components has been restricted by traditional manufacturing and viewing methods. In this work, a printable reactive filament was developed that is tailorable to a number of use cases spanning reactive fibers to photosensitive igniters. The filament employs aluminum fuel within a printable polyvinylidene fluoride matrix that can be tailored to a desired burning rate through stoichiometry or aluminum fuel configuration such as particle size and modified aluminum composites. The material is printable with fused filament fabrication, enabling access to more complex geometries such as spirals and branches that are inaccessible to traditionally cast reactive materials. However, additively manufacturing the reactive fluoropolymer and propellant together comes attendant with many challenges given the significantly different physical properties, particularly regarding adhesion. To circumvent the challenges posed by multiple printing techniques required for such dissimilar materials, the reactive fluoropolymer was included within a solid propellant carrier matrix as small fibers. The fibers were varied in aspect ratio (AR) and orientation, with aspect ratios greater than one exhibiting a self-alignment behavior in concordance with the prescribed extrusion direction. The effective burning rate of the propellant was improved nearly twofold with 10 wt.% reactive fibers with an AR of 7 and vertical orientation. The reactive wires and fibers in propellant proved difficult to image in realistic sample designs, given that traditional visible imaging techniques restrict the location and dimensions of the reactive wire due to the necessity of an intrusive window next to the wire, a single-view dynamic X-ray imaging technique was employed to analyze the evolution of the internal burning profile of propellant cast with embedded additively manufacture reactive components. To image complex branching geometries and propellant with multiple reactive components stacked within the same line of sight, the dynamic X-ray imaging technique was expanded to two views. Topographic reconstructions of propellants with multiple reactive fibers showed the evolution of the burning surface enhanced by the geometric effects caused by the faster burning fibers. These dual-view reconstructions provide a method for accurate quantitative analysis of volumetric burning rates that can improve the accessibility and viability of novel propellant grain designs.