cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Empirical asset pricing in high-frequency markets
Creators: name: Komarov, Oleg
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: The first chapter provides a brief overview of the theoretical grounding of the so-called realized-measures and summarizes their statistical properties. Motivated by the superior statistical accuracy of high-frequency measures I test if they add economic value in a low-frequency investment context. I compare the profitability of the same investment strategy against two implementations of its trading signals: one that conventionally uses daily returns (LF) and the other that takes advantage of high-frequency (HF) returns. I use different lengths of the formation period to verify if the HF implementation can leverage the superior amount of observations. Although economic differences favour the HF implementation, the evidence is not statistically significant. Nonetheless, the HF implementation is more robust to the choice of parameters and provides, for the most illiquid stocks, strong economic benefits that are inversely increasing in the length of the formation period. The second chapter moves the focus onto the intraday level and seeks to establish the existence of an intraday momentum effect. Motivated by limited evidence of intraday pre- dictability both in the cross-section of US stock returns (see Heston, Korajczyk, and Sadka, 2010) and in the time-series of the aggregate stock market (see Gao et al., 2015), I reconsider the time-series dimension using all common US stocks from 1993 until 2010 and, building on this, I present the cross-sectional dimension with new and complimentary evidence. I find that statistical time-series predictability does not imply economic profitability, whereas cross-sectional sorts on past performance see stocks, which lost or won the most in the morning, earn (positive returns) above the rest of the cross-section in the afternoon, and especially during the last half-hour of trading. The effect is robust to stock characteristics, the day-of-week effect, variations in the formation and holding peri- ods, but exhibits some dependence on the sample period, suggesting that specific market mechanisms or frictions play a relevant role on intraday price formation. The third chapter looks at some claims about price acceleration constituting an informative trading signal. We build several empirical measures of acceleration and compare them to other traditional equity signals from the academic literature. We find that buying stocks whose returns are decelerating and shorting stocks whose returns are accelerating, produces a wide spread in returns. Moreover, while these profits are not explained by the state-of-the-art equity factor models, the cross-sectional variation of the average returns of portfolios sorted on the acceleration signals, are reconciled once we add our la5 factor – a simple reversal strategy with a lookback of one week. Taken together, our results cast doubt on acceleration being a separate phenomenon and suggest that the lookback period in trending strategies has been shrinking over time.
Simulating Chemistry with Fermionic Optical Superlattices
Creators: name: Gkritsis, Fotios
name: Dux, Daniel
name: Zhang, Jin
name: Jain, Naman
name: Gogolin, Christian
name: Preiss, Philipp M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that quantum number preserving Ansätze for variational optimization in quantum chemistry find an elegant mapping to ultracold fermions in optical superlattices. Using native Hubbard dynamics, trial ground states of molecular Hamiltonians can be prepared and their molecular energies measured in the lattice. The scheme requires local control over interactions and chemical potentials and global control over tunneling dynamics, but foregoes the need for optical tweezers, shuttling operations, or long-range interactions. We describe a complete compilation pipeline from the molecular Hamiltonian to the sequence of lattice operations, thus providing a concrete link between quantum simulation and chemistry. Our work enables the application of recent quantum algorithmic techniques, such as Double Factorization and quantum Tailored Coupled Cluster, to present-day fermionic optical lattice systems with significant improvements in the required number of experimental repetitions. We provide detailed quantum resource estimates for small non-trivial hardware experiments.
Documentação jurídica: interfaces da leitura documentária, linguagem e análise de discurso no tratamento da informação
Creators: name: Roseli Miranda
name: Cibele Araújo Camargo Marques Dos Santos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80706 Librarianship
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: Library and Information Studies

description: Reflexões sobre o tratamento da informação na Documentação Jurídica, com base na tríade: leitura documentária, linguagem jurídica e análise de discurso. Nesse contexto, discutem-se terminologia e representação da informação, em função do hermetismo da linguagem e da dificuldade para o profissional bibliotecário na identificação os tipos de discursos jurídicos presentes nos documentos da área. Conclui ressaltando a importância da pesquisa sobre a análise de discurso voltada para os tipos de discursos empregados na Documentação Jurídica, que podem propiciar o reconhecimento da estrutura do documento e das partes que contém informações relevantes, contribuindo com a representação da informação.
Imposed thermal gradients and resultant residual stresses: physical and numerical simulations
Creators: name: Mukherjee, D.
name: Tewary, U.
name: Kumar, S.
name: Karagadde, S.
name: Verma, R. K.
name: Sambandam, M.
name: Samajdar, I.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: In this study, physical simulations were carried out on High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) steel specimens. Samples were heated above and below the austenite transformation temperature and then cooled at different rates. Thermal history and residual stress gradients were measured experimentally and simulated numerically. This involved finite element simulations, which solved the Fourier’s heat conduction equation and also incorporated appropriate subroutines for phase transformations. The latter involved HETVAL, to quantify phase transformation, and USDFLD, to calculate the corresponding heat inputs. This manuscript not only established a similar pattern between the controlled experiments and the numerical simulations but also provided a quantitative perspective to residual stress gradients, as introduced by temperature gradients and by phase transformations, during thermomechanical processing.
Testing gravity at cosmological scales
Creators: name: Lagos Urbina, Macarena Alejandra
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Our understanding of the Universe is based on the ΛCDM model which, although the best cosmological model so far, relies on the presence of major unknown components – dark matter, dark energy, and an inflationary field – which in turn play a crucial role in the evolution of the Universe. These limitations of the model suggest that we may need to introduce modifications at cosmological scales. Indeed, a large variety of modified gravity theories have been proposed (see [1] for a review) and in order to better understand the behaviour of gravity in this regime, we must begin by constructing theoretical and observational tests of the ΛCDM model and the various alternative proposals. This thesis is concerned with testing gravity on cosmological scales, by analysing the viability of alternative gravitational theories, and scrutinising their theoretical consistency. In order to do this, we take two approaches. On the one hand, we explore the viability of a specific modified gravity theory, namely massive bigravity. The evolution of a perfectly homogeneous and isotropic Universe has been previously studied in detail in this model, and has been found to fit observational data. Hence, in this thesis we analyse the evolution of linear cosmological perturbations, where we find a number of interesting instabilities. On the other hand, we take a broader view and develop a method for parametrising linear cosmological perturbations that stays agnostic about the underlying theory of gravity. We apply this method to three classes of models: scalar-tensor, vector-tensor and bimetric theories, and as a result, in this case, we identify the complete forms of the quadratic actions for linear perturbations, and the number of free parameters that need to be defined, to cosmologically characterise these broad classes of gravity theories.
Supermassive Black Holes and the Evolution of Galaxies
Creators: name: Richstone, D.
name: Ajhar, E. A.
name: Bender, R.
name: Bower, G.
name: Dressler, A.
name: Faber, S. M.
name: Filippenko, A. V.
name: Gebhardt, K.
name: Green, R.
name: Ho, L. C.
name: Kormendy, J.
name: Lauer, T.
name: Magorrian, J.
name: Tremaine, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black holes, an extreme consequence of the mathematics of General Relativity, have long been suspected of being the prime movers of quasars, which emit more energy than any other objects in the Universe. Recent evidence indicates that supermassive black holes, which are probably quasar remnants, reside at the centers of most galaxies. As our knowledge of the demographics of these relics of a violent earlier Universe improve, we see tantalizing clues that they participated intimately in the formation of galaxies and have strongly influenced their present-day structure.
description: 20 pages, - This is a near-duplicate of the paper in Nature 395, A14, 1998 (Oct 1)
Photonic Crystal Fiber Metalens
Creators: name: Yang, Jingyi
name: Ghimire, Indra
name: Wu, Pin Chieh
name: Gurung, Sudip
name: Arndt, Catherine
name: Tsai, Din Ping
name: Lee, Ho Wai Howard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical fiber is a well-established efficient way to guide and manipulate light and allowing high bandwidth optical transmission for long distance communication with low attenuation. Although a dielectric optical waveguide is efficient for transmitting light, its functionality is limited by the dielectric properties of the materials of core and cladding.The light coming out from optical fiber is typically diverging, and the numerical aperture is determined by the refractive index of the fiber materials. Thus, the light intensity decreases significantly upon exiting the fiber. The use of metasurfaces provides the opportunity to tailor light properties for advanced light manipulation and to develop novel optical applications that are flat. By producing a specific phase profile using spatially-varied nano-antenna elements, metasurfaces can control the wavefront of the transmitted, reflected, and scattered light, and enable novel ultrathin optical components such as flat lenses. Here, we report an ultrathin optical metalens cascaded on the facet of optical fiber that enables light focusing in the telecommunication regime. In-fiber metalenses with focal lengths of 28 and 40 um and maximum efficiency of ~16.4% at a wavelength of 1550 nm are demonstrated. The integration of an ultrathin metalens and optical fiber will open the path to revolutionary in-fiber optical devices for practical applications in optical imaging, sensing, and fiber laser.
A página arrumando letras como um espaço para a desconstrução da dominação do patriarcado
Creators: name: Nathália Lima Romeiro
name: Franciéle Carneiro Garcês Da Silva
name: Brisola, Anna Cristina Caldeira De Andrada Sobral
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80706 Librarianship
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: Library and Information Studies

description: Este artigo se propõe a discutir a dominação patriarcal presente nas músicas populares discutidas e reescritas na página Arrumando Letras na mídia social Facebook, bem como a compreensão dos fenômenos, valores e costumes estudados pela ética, compreendida como a Ciência da moral. Os objetivos específicos incluem: a) verificar as contribuições bibliográficas no que tange ao arcabouço teórico e conceitual sobre ética; b) discutir por intermédio das postagens da página Arrumando Letras, a dominação patriarcal e masculina contra as mulheres presente nas músicas populares entre brasileiros e brasileiras; c) analisar a página Arrumando Letras como um importante espaço de militância e promoção de debate sobre respeito entre gêneros e herança de uma cultura patriarcal; d) Refletir como a competência crítica em informação é aplicada na página e como contribui com a formação dos seguidores da mesma. A metodologia adotada foi de natureza exploratória e qualitativa caracterizada como bibliográfica. A fundamentação conceitual deste artigo discute e conceitua ética, moral, dominação patriarcal, dominação masculina e competência crítica em informação. A partir dos resultados obtidos, refletimos e desejamos que cada vez mais a dominação patriarcal seja desconstruída, e seus danos na vida das mulheres erradicados à medida que o nosso protagonismo, bem como de outros gêneros, sejam cada vez mais representados, não só na Ciência da Informação, mas em outras ciências, na política, na educação e em diferentes contextos socioeconômicos e culturais.
Supermassive Black Holes Then and Now
Creators: name: Richstone, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent surveys suggest that most or all normal galaxies host a massive black hole with 1/100 to 1/1000 of the visible mass of the spheroid of the galaxy. Various lines of argument suggest that these galaxies have merged at least once in our past lightcone, and that the black holes have also merged. This leads to a merger rate of massive black holes of about 1/\yrs.
description: 7 pages, to appear in The Proceedings of the Second International LISA Symposium on Graviational Waves, ed. W. Folkner
Alca lomvia Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Charadriiformes
Alcidae
Alca
Alca lomvia

description: Alca lomvia [spec. nov.]
A. rostro laevi oblongo: mandibula superiore margine flavescente.
Lomvia. Clus. exot. 367. Will. orn. 244. t. 65. Raj. av. 120.
Gvillemot. Alb. av. l. p. 80. t. 84.
Habitat in Europa boreali.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 130, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Feedback control of three-dimensional bluff body wakes for efficient drag reduction
Creators: name: Brackston, Rowan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: The wakes of bluff bodies, such as automotive vehicles, exhibit complex behaviour due to three-dimensionality and high Reynolds numbers, and are furthermore responsible for significant aerodynamic drag. There are significant environmental and economic incentives for reducing drag, however practicalities limit the extent to which this can be achieved through changes to the vehicle shape. This motivates the use of active feedback control methods that modify the flow directly, without significant geometric changes. In this thesis we develop feedback control strategies for two generic three-dimensional bluff bodies, a bullet-shaped body and the widely used Ahmed body. After first applying an extremum-seeking controller to a pre-existing open-loop strategy, we then examine the control of specific coherent structures within the wakes. Two such structures understood to be related to the drag are the static symmetry breaking (SB) mode and the quasi-oscillatory vortex shedding. The former of these is observed as a large-scale asymmetry within the recirculating region. We find, through simultaneous surface pressure and wake velocity measurements, that both the SB mode and vortex shedding may be observed in real-time using practical pressure sensors. Through the use of forcing flaps, we further demonstrate that we are able to strongly interact with both these coherent structures. Statically deflected flaps also prove effective at drag reduction under cross-wind conditions. In order to guide feedback controller design, we develop stochastic models for each of the coherent structures, describing their dynamics and response to forcing. Controllers are then implemented, achieving an efficient drag reduction of 2% when suppressing the asymmetry of the SB mode. Vortex shedding control proved ineffective at drag reduction, despite the suppression of measured fluctuations around the frequency at which oscillations are observed.
Strain-engineering quantum anomalous Hall effect in janus MnBi2SexTe4-x monolayers
Creators: name: Chen, Jiale
name: Li, Pengfei
name: Hu, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exploring intrinsic magnetic topological insulators (TIs) for next-generation spintronic devices is still challenging in recent years. Here, we present a theoretical investigation on the electronic, magnetic and topological properties of monolayer (ML) Janus MnBi2TexSe4-x, derived from two trivial magnetic semiconductors ML MnBi2Se4 and MnBi2Te4. Our band structure analysis reveals that two out of the eight Janus structures exhibit band inversion induced by spin-orbit coupling. These structures are confirmed to have nonzero integer Chern numbers, indicating their topological nature. Moreover, the topological state is robust under moderate biaxial strains. Interestingly, applying compressive strain results in a high Chern number of 2 and enhances their magnetic stability at elevated temperatures. Our findings offer an effective strategy to engineer magnetic TI states within the ML MnBi2Te4 family.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
Gasdynamics and Starbursts in Major Mergers
Creators: name: Mihos, Chris
name: Hernquist, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using numerical simulation, we study the development of gaseous inflows and triggering of starburst activity in mergers of comparable-mass disk galaxies. In all encounters studied, the galaxies experience strong gaseous inflows and moderate to intense starburst activity. We find that galaxy structure plays a dominant role in regulating activity. The gaseous inflows are strongest when galaxies with dense central bulges are in the final stages of merging, while inflows in bulgeless galaxies are weaker and occur earlier in the interaction. Orbital geometry plays only a relatively modest role in the onset of collisionally-induced activity. Through an analysis of the torques acting on the gas, we show that these inflows are generally driven by gravitational torques from the host galaxy (rather than the companion), and that dense bulges act to stabilize galaxies against bar modes and inflow until the galaxies merge, at which point rapidly varying gravitational torques drive strong dissipation and inflow of gas in the merging pair. The strongest inflows (and associated starburst activity) develop in co-planar encounters, while the activity in inclined mergers is somewhat less intense and occurs slightly later during the merger. The starbursts which develop in mergers of galaxies with central bulges represent an increase in the star formation rate of two orders of magnitude over that in isolated galaxies. We find that the gaseous and stellar morphology and star-forming properties of these systems provide a good match to those of observed ultraluminous infrared galaxies. Our results imply that the internal structure of the merging galaxies, rather than orbital geometry, may be the key factor in producing ultraluminous infrared galaxies.
description: 40 pages of LaTeX using AASTeX; 15 Postscript figures available via http://www.ucolick.org/~hos/preprints/majmerge/abstract.html with MPEG movies at http://www.ucolick.org/~hos/models/models.html To appear in the Astrophysical Journal
Chemical Abundances of the Damped Lya Systems at z>1.5
Creators: name: Prochaska, Jason X.
name: Wolfe, Arthur M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present chemical abundance measurements for 19 damped lya systems observed with HIRES on the 10m W.M. Keck Telescope. Our principal goal is to investigate the abundance patterns of the damped systems and thereby determine the underlying physical processes which dominate their chemical evolution. We place particular emphasis on gauging the relative importance of two complementary effects often invoked to explain the damped lya abundances: (1) nucleosynthetic enrichment from Type II supernovae and (2) an ISM-like dust depletion pattern. Similar to the principal results of Lu et al. (1996), our observations lend support both for dust depletion and Type II SN enrichment. Specifically, the observed overabundance of Zn/Fe and underabundance of Ni/Fe relative to solar abundances suggest significant dust depletion within the damped lya systems. Meanwhile, the relative abundances of Al, Si, and Cr vs. Fe are consistent with both dust depletion and Type II supernova enrichment. Our measurements of Ti/Fe and the Mn/Fe measurements from Lu et al. (1996), however, cannot be explained by dust depletion and indicate an underlying Type II SN pattern. Finally, the observed values of [S/Fe] are inconsistent with the combined effects of dust depletion and the nucleosynthetic yields expected for Type II supernovae. This last result emphasizes the need for another physical process to explain the damped lya abundance patterns. We also examine the metallicity of the damped lya systems both with respect to Zn/H and Fe/H. Our results confirm previous surveys by Pettini and collaborators, i.e., [] = -1.15 +/- 0.15 dex. [abridged]
description: 18 pages, 4 embedded figures, 20 additional figures. Accepted to the Astrophysical Journal 10/20/98. Uses Latex2e, emualteapj.sty, and onecolfloat.sty
Almost Mathieu operators with completely resonant phases
Creators: name: Liu, Wencai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Let $α\in \mathbb{R}\backslash \mathbb{Q}$ and $β(α) = \limsup _{n \to \infty}(\ln q_{n+1})/ q_n e^{2β(α)}$. In this paper, we developed a method to treat simultaneous frequency and phase resonances and obtain that for $2θ\in α\mathbb{Z}+\mathbb{Z}$, $H_{λ,α,θ}$ satisfies Anderson localization if $|λ|>e^{3β(α)}$.
description: Ergodic Theory Dynam. Systems to appear
Efficient Cross-layer Thermal Transport with Atypical Glassy-like Phenomena in Crystalline CsCu$_4$Se$_3$
Creators: name: Yue, Jincheng
name: Liu, Yanhui
name: Zheng, Jiongzhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding lattice dynamics and thermal transport in crystalline compounds with intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivity ($κ_L$) is crucial in condensed matter physics. In this work, we investigate the lattice thermal conductivity of crystalline CsCu$_4$Se$_3$ by coupling first-principles anharmonic lattice dynamics with a unified theory of thermal transport. We consider the effects of both cubic and quartic anharmonicity on phonon scattering rates and energy shifts, as well as the diagonal and off-diagonal terms of heat flux operators. Our results reveal that the vibrational properties of CsCu$_4$Se$_3$ are characterized by strong anharmonicity and wave-like phonon tunneling. In particular, the strong anharmonic scattering induced by Cu- and Cs-dominated phonon modes plays a non-negligible role in suppressing particle-like propagation. Moreover, the coherence-driven conductivity dominates the total thermal conductivity along the $z$-axis, leading to an anomalous, wide-temperature-range (100-700 K) glassy-like thermal transport. Importantly, the significant coherence contribution, resulting from the coupling of distinct vibrational eigenstates, facilitates effective thermal transport across layers, sharply contrasting with traditional layered materials. As a result, the non-monotonic temperature dependence of coherences' thermal conductivity results from the combined effects of anharmonic scattering rates and anharmonic phonon renormalization. Our work not only reveals the significant contributions from the off-diagonal terms of heat flux operators in crystalline CsCu$_4$Se$_3$, but also explains the non-monotonic relationship between wave-like thermal conductivity and anharmonic scattering, providing insights into the microscopic mechanisms driving anomalous heat transport.
Understanding Code Change with Micro-Changes
Creators: name: Chen, Lei
name: Lanza, Michele
name: Hayashi, Shinpei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A crucial activity in software maintenance and evolution is the comprehension of the changes performed by developers, when they submit a pull request and/or perform a commit on the repository. Typically, code changes are represented in the form of code diffs, textual representations highlighting the differences between two file versions, depicting the added, removed, and changed lines. This simplistic representation must be interpreted by developers, and mentally lifted to a higher abstraction level, that more closely resembles natural language descriptions, and eases the creation of a mental model of the changes. However, the textual diff-based representation is cumbersome, and the lifting requires considerable domain knowledge and programming skills. We present an approach, based on the concept of micro-change, to overcome these difficulties, translating code diffs into a series of pre-defined change operations, which can be described in natural language. We present a catalog of micro-changes, together with an automated micro-change detector. To evaluate our approach, we performed an empirical study on a large set of open-source repositories, focusing on a subset of our micro-change catalog, namely those related to changes affecting the conditional logic. We found that our detector is capable of explaining more than 67% of the changes taking place in the systems under study.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, ICSME 2024
Supersonic Collisions between Two Gas Streams
Creators: name: Lee, Hyung Mok
name: Kang, Hyesung
name: Ryu, Dongsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A star around a massive black hole can be disrupted tidally by the gravity of the black hole. Then, its debris may form a precessing stream which may even collide with itself. In order to understand the dynamical effects of the stream-stream collision on the eventual accretion of the stellar debris onto the black hole, we have studied how gas flow behaves when the outgoing stream collides supersonically with the incoming stream. We have investigated the problem analytically with one-dimensional plane-parallel streams and numerically with more realistic three-dimensional streams. A shock formed around the contact surface converts the bulk of the orbital streaming kinetic energy into thermal energy. In three-dimensional simulations, the accumulated hot post-shock gas then expands adiabatically and drives another shock into the low density ambient region. Through this expansion, thermal energy is converted back to the kinetic energy associated with the expanding motion. Thus, in the end, only a small fraction of the orbital kinetic energy is actually converted to the thermal energy, while most of it is transferred to the kinetic energy of the expanding gas. Nevertheless the collision is effective in circularizing the debris orbit, because the shock efficiently transforms the ordered motion of the streams into the expanding motion in directions perpendicular to the streams. The circularization efficiency decreases, if two colliding streams have a large ratio of cross sections and a large density contrast. But even in such cases, the main shock extends beyond the overlapping contact surface and the high pressure region behind the shock keeps the stream of the larger cross section from passing freely. Thus the stream-stream collisions are still expected to circularize the stellar debris rather efficiently, unless the ratio
description: ApJ accepted, 14 pages with 9 figures, uuencoded, gzipped, tarred postscript files, or available upon request to ryu@sirius.chungnam.ac.kr
title: ADCO, Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1497-1504) (11 H 1172), f. 00150
Creators: name: de la Côte-d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2019
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: comptes

description: Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1497-1504), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1172). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1497-1504), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1172), f. 00150, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi \[Ressource en ligne\], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Scalable Gaussian Process Inference with Finite-data Mean and Variance Guarantees
Creators: name: Huggins, Jonathan H.
name: Campbell, Trevor
name: Kasprzak, Mikołaj
name: Broderick, Tamara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Gaussian processes (GPs) offer a flexible class of priors for nonparametric Bayesian regression, but popular GP posterior inference methods are typically prohibitively slow or lack desirable finite-data guarantees on quality. We develop an approach to scalable approximate GP regression with finite-data guarantees on the accuracy of pointwise posterior mean and variance estimates. Our main contribution is a novel objective for approximate inference in the nonparametric setting: the preconditioned Fisher (pF) divergence. We show that unlike the Kullback--Leibler divergence (used in variational inference), the pF divergence bounds the 2-Wasserstein distance, which in turn provides tight bounds the pointwise difference of the mean and variance functions. We demonstrate that, for sparse GP likelihood approximations, we can minimize the pF divergence efficiently. Our experiments show that optimizing the pF divergence has the same computational requirements as variational sparse GPs while providing comparable empirical performance--in addition to our novel finite-data quality guarantees.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, including Appendix. Code available at https://github.com/trevorcampbell/fishergp
Governança de dados aplicada à ciência da informação: análise de um sistema de dados científicos para a área da saúde
Creators: name: Espíndola, Priscilla Lüdtke
name: Junior, José Francisco Salm
name: Rosa, Francisco
name: Juliani, Jordan Paulesky
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80706 Librarianship
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: Library and Information Studies

description: Os dados são insumos valiosos para as organizações e para estudos científicos. Para que os dados científicos possam ser empregados em estudos relacionados à Avaliação Motora, e produzirem resultados confiáveis, é necessária a adoção de boas práticas de coleta, armazenamento e recuperação. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo aplicar o “Modelo de ciclo de vida dos dados” e as ferramentas de governança de dados para identificar oportunidades de melhorias para o Sistema de Avaliação Motora, especialmente com relação a qualidade de dados. Quanto aos aspectos metodológicos, o estudo é caracterizado como uma pesquisa aplicada com caráter exploratório, coleta de dados realizada por meio de pesquisa-ação, e análise dos dados por meio de métodos qualitativos. Como resultados, constatou-se a necessidade de redesenhar o sistema estudado, incluindo mecanismo para tratamento dos dados para evitar duplicidade e garantir homogeneidade e completude. Igualmente, verificou-se ser necessário criar e implementar uma política para restringir que somente profissionais da saúde e da educação aptos possam inserir dados no Sistema. Compreende-se que as boas práticas da governança de dados, princípios do “Modelo de ciclo de vida dos dados” e demais ferramentas adotadas neste estudo contribuíram para diagnosticar falhas e identificar oportunidades de melhoria no Sistema de Avaliação Motora.
Alca grylle Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Charadriiformes
Alcidae
Alca
Alca grylle

description: Alca grylle [spec. nov.]
A. rostro laevi subulato, abdomine maculaque alarum alba, pedibus rubris.
Colymbus pedibus tridactylis palmatis. Fn. svec. 124.
Aliae impennes, aliae singulares quod nequeant volare.
Pennatae aliae, in terra stabulantes, erectae incedunt.
Columba groenlandica. Mart. spitzb. 56. t. L. f. B. Will. ornith. 245. Raj. av. 121. n. 6. Alb. av. 2. p. 73. t. 80. Edw. av. 50. t. 50.
Habitat in Europae borealis oceano.
Rostrum hujus longitudine fere capitis, sequentis vero brevissimum.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on pages 130-131, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Estimating road transport fuel demand elasticities in the UK: an empirical investigation of response heterogeneity
Creators: name: Ramli, Ahmad Razi
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: The main aim of this dissertation is to estimate fuel demand elasticities for the UK road transport sector. Despite being extensively studied, there is a renewed need for the estimation of fuel demand elasticities so that they might be more reflective of recent trends and changes in consumption patterns. At present, understanding the fuel demand sensitivities is especially important for policy making purposes. A review of the empirical literature on fuel demand revealed three important areas of concern. First, fuel demand estimates tend to vary greatly in magnitude. The effect-size differences observed are probably related to the diversity of study-characteristics and data factors. Second, the reliability of past estimates may be questionable due to shortcomings in the modelling methodology employed. Obtaining reliable estimates does not only require the use of recent data but, beyond that, it is also important for the model to be based on sound methodological and theoretical foundations. Third, studies have often relied on the elasticity of petrol to define road transport fuel demand, assuming the absence of fuel type heterogeneity among road transport fuels. This is severely restrictive, however, since demand sensitivities are likely to vary between the respective fuels. This thesis undertakes a series of empirical analyses aimed at improving the current understanding of fuel demand for the UK road transport sector. Through meta-regression analysis, this research examines the underlying factors that can help explain the between-study variations found in the literature. The research then examines the sensitivity of fuel demand through the use of both time series and panel data econometric models. Special attention has been given to methodological issues and the use of recent econometric techniques to ensure the reliability of the estimates. In addition, this thesis does not assume that demand elasticity is homogenous for each respective transport fuels. To that end, fuel demand elasticities are estimated separately for each fuel type.
Dark energy in scalar-vector-tensor theories
Creators: name: Kase, Ryotaro
name: Tsujikawa, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scalar-vector-tensor theories with second-order equations of motion can accommodate both Horndeski and generalized Proca theories as specific cases. In the presence of a perfect fluid, we study the cosmology in such a most general scheme of scalar-vector-tensor theories with parity invariance by paying particular attention to the application to dark energy. We obtain a closed-form expression of the background equations of motion by using coefficients appearing in the second-order action of scalar perturbations. We also derive conditions for the absence of ghost and Laplacian instabilities of tensor and vector perturbations and show that the existence of matter does not substantially modify the stabilities of dynamical degrees of freedom in the small-scale limit. On the other hand, the sound speed of scalar perturbations is affected by the presence of matter. Employing the quasi-static approximation for scalar perturbations deep inside the sound horizon, we derive analytic expressions of Newtonian and weak lensing gravitational potentials as well as two scalar perturbations arising from the scalar and vector fields. We apply our general framework to dark energy theories with the tensor propagation speed equivalent to the speed of light and show that the observables associated with the growth of matter perturbations and weak lensing potentials are generally affected by intrinsic vector modes and by interactions between scalar and vector fields.
description: 25 pages, published version
From Text to Emoji: How PEFT-Driven Personality Manipulation Unleashes the Emoji Potential in LLMs
Creators: name: Jain, Navya
name: Wu, Zekun
name: Munoz, Cristian
name: Hilliard, Airlie
name: Guan, Xin
name: Koshiyama, Adriano
name: Kazim, Emre
name: Treleaven, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The manipulation of the personality traits of large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a key area of research. Methods like prompt-based In-Context Knowledge Editing (IKE) and gradient-based Model Editor Networks (MEND) have been explored but show irregularity and variability; IKE depends on the prompt, leading to variability and sensitivity, while MEND yields inconsistent and gibberish outputs. To address this, we employed Opinion QA Based Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT), specifically Quantized Low-Rank Adaptation (QLoRA), to manipulate the Big Five personality traits: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. After PEFT, models such as Mistral-7B-Instruct and LLaMA-2-7B-chat showed a latent behaviour by generating emojis for certain traits, despite no emojis being present in the PEFT data. For instance, LLaMA-2-7B-chat generated emojis in 99.5\% of extraversion-related test instances, while Mistral-7B-Instruct did so in 92.5\% of openness-related test instances. ICL Explainability analysis indicated that the LLMs used emojis intentionally to express these traits. Mechanistic Interpretability analysis showed that this latent behaviour of LLMs could be traced to specific neurons that became activated or amplified after PEFT. This paper provides a number of novel contributions. First, introducing an Opinion QA dataset for PEFT-driven personality manipulation; second, developing metric models to benchmark LLM personality traits; third, demonstrating PEFT's superiority over IKE in personality manipulation; and finally, analysing and validating emoji usage through explainability methods such as Mechanistic Interpretability and In-context learning Explainability methods.
description: Findings paper of NAACL 2025 and NeurIPS 2024 Workshop on Behavioral Machine Learning
Identification and characterisation of a novel mechanism of antibiotic resistance
Creators: name: Pader, Vera Aspi
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Daptomycin is a bactericidal antibiotic of last resort for serious infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Although resistance is rare, treatment failure can occur in >20% of cases and so there is a pressing need to identify and mitigate factors that contribute to poor therapeutic outcomes. Work described in this thesis revealed that loss of the Agr quorum-sensing system, which frequently occurs in clinical isolates, enhanced S. aureus survival during daptomycin treatment. Wild-type S. aureus was killed rapidly by daptomycin but Agr-defective mutants survived antibiotic exposure by releasing membrane phospholipid, which bound and inactivated the antibiotic. Although wild-type bacteria also released phospholipid in response to daptomycin, Agr-triggered secretion of small cytolytic toxins, known as phenol soluble modulins, prevented antibiotic inactivation. Phospholipid release by S. aureus occurred via an active process that appears to involve the VraUTRS regulon, and was inhibited by the β-lactam antibiotic oxacillin, which slowed inactivation of daptomycin and enhanced bacterial killing. Subsequent work revealed that next-generation lipid biosynthesis inhibitors completely blocked phospholipid release, whilst the presence of host-associated fatty acids enhanced the release of membrane phospholipids. Future work will determine the molecular mechanism by which S. aureus releases phospholipids, and exploit this information to develop new therapeutic approaches that enhance daptomycin treatment efficacy.
Millimetre and submillimetre continuum observations of the core and hotspots of Cygnus-A
Creators: name: Robson, E. I.
name: Leeuw, L. L.
name: Stevens, J. A.
name: Holland, W. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present millimetre photometry and submillimetre imaging of the central core and two hotspots in the radio lobes of the galaxy Cygnus-A. For both hotspots and the central core the synchrotron spectrum continues smoothly from the radio to a frequency of 677 GHz. The spectral index of the hotspots is constant over our frequ ency range, with a spectral index of about -1.0, which is steeper than at lower frequencies and represents the emission from an aged population of electrons. The core is significantly flatter, with a spectral index of -0.6 +/- 0.1, suggestive of an injected spectrum with no ageing, but some evidence for steepening exists at our highest observing frequency. Although IRAS data suggest t he presence of dust in Cygnus-A, our 450 um data show no evidence of cold dust, therefore the dust component must have a temperature lying between 85 K and 37 K, respectively.
description: 7 pages, 3 figues, accepted for publication in MNRAS 1998
The acoustics of short circular holes and their damping of thermoacoustic oscillations
Creators: name: Yang, Dong
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Thermoacoustic instabilities arise from the coupling of acoustic waves and unsteady heat release rate from combustion. This coupling can generate large pressure oscillations which may significantly reduce the life of aero-engine and ground-based gas turbines, or even lead to failure of the whole combustion system. Acoustic dampers, such as Helmholtz resonators, perforated liners and perforated plates, are widely used to absorb acoustic energy and thus damp these thermoacoustic oscillations. Such acoustic dampers typically comprise a circular hole with mean flow passing through, to convert acoustic energy into vortical energy, and finally into heat by viscous dissipation. A widely used analytical model [M.S. Howe. On the theory of unsteady high Reynolds number flow through a circular aperture, Proc. of the Royal Soc. A. 366, 1725 (1979), 205-223], which assumes an infinitesimally short hole, was recently shown to be insufficient for predicting the acoustics of holes with a finite length. In this thesis, an analytical model based on the Green's function method is developed to take the hole length into consideration. The importance of capturing the modified vortex noise accurately is shown. The vortices shed at the hole inlet edge are convected to the hole outlet and further downstream to form a vortex sheet. This couples with the acoustics, and the coupling may generate as well as absorb acoustic energy at low frequencies. Predictions from this model reveal the importance of capturing the path of the shed vortex. When this is captured accurately, predictions agree well with previous experimental and CFD results, for example predicting the potential for generation of acoustic energy at some frequencies. The expansion ratios either side of a short hole affect the vortex-sound interaction of it, effects captured by the model developed in this thesis. These hole models are then incorporated into a Helmholtz resonator (HR) model, allowing a systematic investigation into the effect of neck-to-cavity expansion ratio and neck length. The HR models are then incorporated into a low-order network model which applies to both longitudinal and annular combustors. It is firstly shown that previous methods for accounting for a temperature difference between the HR cavity and the combustor are inadequate; improved models are developed, implemented and investigated. Finally, location optimisation for multiple HRs is performed, for both longitudinal and annular geometries, with the latter including both location and geometry optimisations.
Alca alle Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Charadriiformes
Alcidae
Alca
Alca alle

description: Alca alle [spec. nov.]
A. rostro laevi conico, abdomine fasciaque alarum alba, pedibus nigris.
Columba groenlandica. Alb. av. l. p. 81. t. 85. Edw. av. 91. t. 91.
Mergus melanoleucus, rostro acuto brevi. Will. orn. 261. t. 59. Raj. av. 125. n. 5.
Habitat in Europae, Americae arcticae oceano.
Praecedentis feminam esse statuit Albinus, negant Edwardus & nostrates.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 131, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206