cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Novel Application Models and Efficient Algorithms for Offloading to Clouds
Creators: name: González Barrameda, José Andrés
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: application offloading
mobile cloud computing
application model
execution dependency tree model
statistical cost model
robust optimization
dynamic programming
linear optimization

description: The application offloading problem for Mobile Cloud Computing aims at improving the mobile user experience by leveraging the resources of the cloud. The execution of the mobile application is offloaded to the cloud, saving energy at the mobile device or speeding up the execution of the application. We improve the accuracy and performance of application offloading solutions in three main directions. First, we propose a novel fine-grained application model that supports complex module dependencies such as sequential, conditional and parallel module executions. The model also allows for multiple offloading decisions that are tailored towards the current application, network, or user contexts. As a result, the model is more precise in capturing the structure of the application and supports more complex offloading solutions. Second, we propose three cost models, namely, average-based, statistics-based and interval-based cost models, defined for the proposed application model. The average-based approach models each module cost by the expected cost value, and the expected cost of the entire application is estimated considering each of the three module dependencies. The novel statistics-based cost model employs Cumulative Distribution Function (CDFs) to represent the costs of the modules and of the mobile application, which is estimated considering the cost and dependencies of the modules. This cost model opens the doors for new statistics-based optimization functions and constraints whereas the state of the art only support optimizations based on the average running cost of the application. Furthermore, this cost model can be used to perform statistical analysis of the performance of the application in different scenarios such as varying network data rates. The last cost model, the interval-based, represents the module costs via intervals in order to addresses the cost uncertainty while having lower requirements and computational complexity than the statistics-based model. The cost of the application is estimated as an expected maximum cost via a linear optimization function. Finally, we present offloading decision algorithms for each cost model. For the average-based model, we present a fast optimal dynamic programming algorithm. For the statistics-based model, we present another fast optimal dynamic programming algorithm for the scenario where the optimization function meets specific properties. Finally, for the interval-based cost model, we present a robust formulation that solves a linear number of linear optimization problems. Our evaluations verify the accuracy of the models and show higher cost savings for our solutions when compared to the state of the art.
Pair Production In Near Extremal Charged Black Holes
Creators: name: Chen, Chiang-Mei
name: Sun, Jia-Rui
name: Tang, Fu-Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spontaneous pair production, including the Schwinger mechanism and the Hawking radiation, of charged scalar and spinor particles from the near horizon region of (near) extremal charged black holes in the probe field limit. The pair production rate and the absorption cross section, as well as the retarded Green's functions of the probe fields are analytically computed. Moreover, the holographic description dual to the pair production is discussed.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure; contribution to the proceedings of 12th ICGAC (International Conference on Gravitation, Astrophysics and Cosmology), Moscow, June 28 - July 5, 2015
Distinguishing Semantic Preference of Hurry and Rush via Collocational Patterns: A Corpus-Based Study
Creators: name: Harta, I Made Luis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Corpus linguistics
Lexicography and semantics
Linguistics not elsewhere classified

description: How to cite this thesis: Harta, I Made Luis (2023). Distinguishing Semantic Preference of Hurry and Rush via Collocational Patterns: A Corpus-Based Study. figshare. Thesis. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.23734431 ABSTRACT Verbs are the action words that describe what the subject is doing. Many verbs are synonymous, namely, they could convey very similar meanings, such as the verbs hurry and rush, which roughly convey ‘speeded actions’. This thesis presents a corpus linguistic study of the semantic preferences of hurry and rush in terms of the nouns that co-occur (i.e., collocate) with them. The noun collocations data, and their degree of association with the verbs, were extracted from the Corpus of Contemporary American English focusing on collocates appearing within a two-words window to the right (i.e., after) and to the left of (i.e., before) hurry and rush. These collocates were further analyzed semantically for (i) their semantic fields using the Concepticon catalogue (List et al. 2023) and (ii) their broader noun types (Wren 2021). Overall, we found that hurry and rush exhibit distinct collocational patterns and semantic preferences, particularly in terms of the preferred semantic fields (e.g., KINSHIP, RELIGION AND BELIEF, EMOTION AND VALUE are semantic fields preferred for the left-side collocates of hurry while rush is associated with THE BODY and SOCIAL AND POLITICAL RELATIONS). This study shows that synonymous verbs can have distinct semantic patterns.
 First supervisor: Gede Primahadi Wijaya Rajeg, S.S., M.Hum., Ph.D. Second supervisor: Ni Ketut Sri Rahayuni, S.S., M.Hum.
Mean-field regime and Thomas-Fermi approximations of trapped Bose-Einstein condensates with higher order interactions in one and two dimensions
Creators: name: Ruan, Xinran
name: Cai, Yongyong
name: Bao, Weizhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive rigorously one- and two-dimensional mean-field equations for cigar- and pancake-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) with higher order interactions (HOI). We show how the higher order interaction modifies the contact interaction of the strongly confined particles. Surprisingly, we find that the usual Gaussian profile assumption for the strongly confining direction is inappropriate for the cigar-shaped BEC case, and a Thomas-Fermi type profile should be adopted instead. Based on the derived mean field equations, the Thomas-Fermi densities are analyzed in presence of the contact interaction and HOI. For both box and harmonic traps in one, two and three dimensions, we identify the analytical Thomas-Fermi densities, which depend on the competition between the contact interaction and the HOI.
description: 7 figures
Membrane nucleation rates from holography
Creators: name: Arcos, Maite
name: Fischler, Willy
name: Pedraza, Juan F.
name: Svesko, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Membrane nucleation, a higher dimensional analog of the Schwinger effect, is a useful toy model for vacuum decay. While a non-perturbative effect, the computation of nucleation rates has only been accomplished at weak coupling in the field theory. Here we compute the nucleation rates of spherical membranes using AdS/CFT duality, thus naturally including the effects of strong coupling. More precisely, we consider the nucleation of spherical membranes coupled to an antisymmetric tensor field, a process which renders the vacuum unstable above a critical value of the field strength. We analyze membrane creation in flat and de Sitter space using various foliations of AdS. This is accomplished via instanton methods, where the rate of nucleation is dominated by the semi-classical on-shell Euclidean action. Our findings generalize the holographic Schwinger effect and provide a step toward holographic false vacuum decay mediated by Coleman-De Luccia instantons.
description: 24 pages + appendices, 5 figures. v2: minor corrections and references added
Wedge Holography in Flat Space and Celestial Holography
Creators: name: Ogawa, Naoki
name: Takayanagi, Tadashi
name: Tsuda, Takashi
name: Waki, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study codimension two holography in flat spacetimes, based on the idea of the wedge holography. We propose that a region in a $d+1$ dimensional flat spacetime surrounded by two end of the world-branes, which are given by $d$ dimensional hyperbolic spaces, is dual to a conformal field theory (CFT) on a $d-1$ dimensional sphere. Similarly, we also propose that a $d+1$ dimensional region in the flat spacetime bounded by two $d$ dimensional de Sitter spaces is holographically dual to a CFT on a $d-1$ dimensional sphere. Our calculations of the partition function, holographic entanglement entropy and two point functions, support these duality relations and imply that such CFTs are non-unitary. Finally, we glue these two dualities along null surfaces to realize a codimension two holography for a full Minkowski spacetime and discuss a possible connection to the celestial holography.
description: 42 pages, 12 figures
Interventions to improve linear growth during exclusive breastfeeding life-stage for children aged 0-6 months living in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and network and pairwise meta-analyses
Creators: name: Park, Jay
name: Siden, Ellie
name: Harari, Ofir
name: Dron, Louis
name: Majzoub, Reham
name: Jeziorska, Virginia
name: Zannat, Noor-E
name: Gadalla, Heather
name: Thorlund, Kristian
name: Mills, Edward
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: Evaluation of various interventions through network meta-analysis to look at their effectiveness on linear growth in children aged 0-6 months.
Neutron Scattering Study of Fluctuating and Static Spin Correlations in the Anisotropic Spin Glass Fe$_2$TiO$_5$
Creators: name: Li, Yu
name: LaBarre, P. G.
name: Pajerowski, D. M.
name: Ramirez, A. P.
name: Rosenkranz, S.
name: Phelan, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anisotropic spin glass transition, in which spin freezing is observed only along the c-axis in pseudobrookite Fe$_2$TiO$_5$, has long been perplexing because the Fe$^{3+}$ moments (d$^5$) are expected to be isotropic. Recently, neutron diffraction demonstrated that surfboard-shaped antiferromagnetic nanoregions coalesce above the glass transition temperature, T$_g$ $\approx$ 55 K, and a model was proposed in which the freezing of the fluctuations of the surfboards' magnetization leads to the anisotropic spin glass state. Given this new model, we have carried out high resolution inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the spin-spin correlations to understand the temperature dependence of the intra-surfboard spin dynamics on neutron (picosecond) time-scales. Here, we report on the temperature-dependence of the spin fluctuations measured from single crystal Fe$_2$TiO$_5$. Strong quasi-elastic magnetic scattering, arising from intra-surfboard correlations, is observed well above T$_g$. The spin fluctuations possess a steep energy-wave vector relation and are indicative of strong exchange interactions, consistent with the large Curie-Weiss temperature. As the temperature approaches T$_g$ from above, a shift in spectral weight from inelastic to elastic scattering is observed. At various temperatures between 4 K and 300 K, a characteristic relaxation rate of the fluctuations is determined. Despite the freezing of the majority of the spin correlations, an inelastic contribution remains even at base temperature, signifying the presence of fluctuating intra-surfboard spin correlations to at least T/T$_g$ $\approx$ 0.1 consistent with a description of Fe$_2$TiO$_5$ as a hybrid between conventional and geometrically frustrated spin glasses.
description: 6 figures
The heart truth campaign: a communication audit
Creators: name: Allrich, Helen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: To understand how organizations spread campaign messages, which directly relates to the theory of agenda building, a communication audit of the Heart Truth campaign and its Red Dress symbol was conducted. Through document analysis of campaign materials and interviews with campaign planners, an in-depth examination of the campaign’s planning, strategies, tactics, executions, challenges, and successes are presented. Discussion of these elements as well as a SWOT analysis reveals the agenda-building strategies that were most successful for this campaign, which include awareness events, partnership building, grassroots outreach, and media outreach. The campaign audit concludes with a set of recommendations for moving forward with the campaign, and describes how this modernday campaign is an excellent model of agenda building that other groups can emulate.
Interventions to improve birth outcomes of pregnant women living in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Creators: name: Park, Jay
name: Harari, Ofir
name: Siden, Ellie
name: Zoratti, Michael
name: Dron, Louis
name: Zannat, Noor-E
name: Lester, Richard
name: Thorlund, Kristian
name: Mills, Edward
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: Evaluation of interventions using network meta-analysis to compare effectiveness in reducing adverse birth outcomes
Hierarchical Bayesian inference of photometric redshifts with stellar population synthesis models
Creators: name: Leistedt, Boris
name: Alsing, Justin
name: Peiris, Hiranya
name: Mortlock, Daniel
name: Leja, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Bayesian hierarchical framework to analyze photometric galaxy survey data with stellar population synthesis (SPS) models. Our method couples robust modeling of spectral energy distributions with a population model and a noise model to characterize the statistical properties of the galaxy populations and real observations, respectively. By self-consistently inferring all model parameters, from high-level hyper-parameters to SPS parameters of individual galaxies, one can separate sources of bias and uncertainty in the data.We demonstrate the strengths and flexibility of this approach by deriving accurate photometric redshifts for a sample of spectroscopically-confirmed galaxies in the COSMOS field, all with 26-band photometry and spectroscopic redshifts. We achieve a performance competitive with publicly-released photometric redshift catalogs based on the same data. Prior to this work, this approach was computationally intractable in practice due to the heavy computational load of SPS model calls; we overcome this challenge using with neural emulators. We find that the largest photometric residuals are associated with poor calibration for emission line luminosities and thus build a framework to mitigate these effects. This combination of physics-based modeling accelerated with machine learning paves the path towards meeting the stringent requirements on the accuracy of photometric redshift estimation imposed by upcoming cosmological surveys. The approach also has the potential to create new links between cosmology and galaxy evolution through the analysis of photometric datasets.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures. Version accepted in APJS
Glitches due to (quasi) neutron-vortex scattering in the superfluid inner crust of a pulsar
Creators: name: Layek, Biswanath
name: Venkata, Deepthi Godaba
name: Yadav, Pradeepkumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the mechanism of vortex unpinning caused by the neutron-vortex scattering \cite{prad1} in the inner crust of a pulsar. The strain energy released by the crustquake is assumed to be absorbed in some part of the inner crust and causes pair-breaking quasi-neutron excitations from the existing free neutron superfluid in the bulk of the inner crust. The scattering of these quasi-neutrons with the vortex core normal neutrons unpins a large number of vortices from the thermally affected regions and results in pulsar glitches. We consider the geometry of a cylindrical shell of the affected pinning region to study the implications of the vortex unpinning in the context of pulsar glitches. We find that a pulsar can release about $\sim 10^{11} - 10^{13}$ vortices by this mechanism. These numbers are equivalent to the glitch size of orders $\sim 10^{-11} - 10^{-9}$ for Vela-like pulsars with the characteristic age $τ\simeq 10^4$ years. We also suggest a possibility of a vortex avalanche triggered by the movement of the unpinned vortices. A rough estimate of the glitch size caused by an avalanche shows an encouraging result.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in PRD
Interventions to improve linear growth during complementary feeding period for children aged 6-24 months living in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Creators: name: Park, Jay
name: Harari, Ofir
name: Siden, Ellie
name: Dron, Louis
name: Zannat, Noor-E
name: Singer, Joel
name: Lester, Richard
name: Thorlund, Kristian
name: Mills, Edward
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: Evaluation of interventions that improve linear growth in children using network meta-analyses
Evidence for validity for the Cognitive Load Inventory for Handoffs
Creators: name: Young, John Q.
name: John, Majnu
name: Thakker, Krima
name: Friedman, Karen
name: Sugarman, Rebekah
name: Sewell, Justin L.
name: O’sullivan, Patricia S.
Publisher: name: Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: Medicine (General)
subject: Health Sciences
subject: Social Sciences

description: ContextPatient handovers remain a significant patient safety challenge. Cognitive load theory (CLT) can be used to identify the cognitive mechanisms for handover errors. The ability to measure cognitive load types during handovers could drive the development of more effective curricula and protocols. No such measure currently exists.MethodsThe authors developed the Cognitive Load Inventory for Handoffs (CLIH) using a multi- step process, including expert interviews to enhance content validity and talk- alouds to optimise response process validity. The final version contained 28 items. From January to March 2019, we administered a cross- sectional survey to 1807 residents and fellows from a large health care system in the USA. Participants completed the CLIH following a handover. Exploratory factor analysis of data from one- third of respondents identified high- performing items; confirmatory factor analysis of data from the remaining sample assessed model fit. Model fit was evaluated using the comparative fit index (CFI) (>0.90), Tucker- Lewis index (TFI) (>0.80), standardised root mean square residual (SRMR) (<0.08) and root mean square of error of approximation (RMSEA) (<0.08).ResultsParticipants included 693 trainees (38.4%) (231 in the exploratory study and 462 in the confirmatory study). Eleven items were removed during exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis of the 16 remaining items (five for intrinsic load, seven for extraneous load and four for germane load) supported a three- factor model and met criteria for good model fit: the CFI was 0.95, TFI was 0.93, RMSEA was 0.074 and SRMR was 0.07. The factor structure was comparable for gender and role. Intrinsic, extraneous and germane load scales had high internal consistency. With one exception, scale scores were associated, as hypothesised, with postgraduate level and clinical setting.ConclusionsThe CLIH measures three types of cognitive load during patient handovers. Evidencefor validity is provided for the CLIH’s content, response process, internal structure and association with other variables. This instrument can be used to determine the relative drivers of cognitive load during handovers in order to optimize handover instruction and protocols.Cognitive load is generally recognized as needing to be managed during learning interactions, but is difficult to measure in practice. Here, Young et al. offer evidence regarding how to do so during patient handoffs.
Negative Politeness Strategies Found in Johnny Depp Defamation Trial
Creators: name: Permana Dwi Putra, Kadek Satya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Discourse and pragmatics
Lexicography and semantics
Linguistics not elsewhere classified

description: How to cite this Permana Dwi Putra, Kadek Satya (2023). Negative Politeness Strategies Found in Johnny Depp Defamation Trial. figshare. Thesis. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.23734464 ABSTRACT Politeness is one of the fundamental aspects of human communication. In any form of human interaction, the politeness strategy could be applied to communicate better and more comfortably, as it is one of the norms applied in society. This study aims (i) to identify the types of negative politeness strategies attested in Johnny Depp’s defamation trial. And (ii) to explain the factors influencing the choice of negative politeness strategies.The primary data source of the study was derived from dialogues that occurred in three selected clips of Johnny Depp’s defamation trial, which took over 25 days to finish. Data collection was done by employing documentation that involved several techniques. Then, the collected data was analysed descriptively with the qualitative method based on the theory by Brown & Levinson (1987). The study revealed that nine types out of ten negative politeness strategies occurred. These strategies are (i) be conventionally indirect, (ii) question and hedge, (iii) be pessimistic, (iv) minimise the imposition, (v) give deference, (vi) apologise, (vii) impersonalise speaker and hearer, (viii) nominalise, and (ix) go on-record as incurring debt, or as not indebting hearer. The only strategy that was not attested in the sample is stating the FTA as a general rule. Moreover, the two factors of negative politeness strategy, namely the payoffs and the circumstances, were found influencing the choice of strategies employed by the participants. First Supervisor: Gede Priamahadi Wijaya Rajeg, S.S., M. Hum., Ph. D. Second Supervisor: Prof. Dr. I Made Netra, S.S., M.Hum.
Detecting the non-Gaussianity of the 21-cm signal during reionisation with the Wavelet Scattering Transform
Creators: name: Greig, Bradley
name: Ting, Yuan-Sen
name: Kaurov, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detecting the 21-cm hyperfine transition from neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium is our best probe for understanding the astrophysical processes driving the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). The primary means for a detection of this 21-cm signal is through a statistical measurement of the spatial fluctuations using the 21-cm power spectrum (PS). However, the 21-cm signal is non-Gaussian meaning the PS, which only measures the Gaussian fluctuations, is sub-optimal for characterising all of the available information. The upcoming Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will perform a deep, 1000 hr observation over 100 deg$.^{2}$ specifically designed to recover direct images of the 21-cm signal. In this work, we use the Wavelet Scattering Transform (WST) to extract the non-Gaussian information directly from these two-dimensional images of the 21-cm signal. The key advantage of the WST is its stability with respect to statistical noise for measuring non-Gaussian information, unlike the bispectrum whose statistical noise diverges. We introduce a novel method to isolate this non-Gaussian information from mock 21-cm images and demonstrate its detection at 150 (177)~MHz ($z\sim8.5$ and $\sim7$) for a fiducial model with signal-to-noise of $\sim$5~(8) assuming perfect foreground removal and $\sim2$~(3) assuming foreground wedge avoidance.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures and 1 table. Submitted to MNRAS, comments welcome
The Engineering Approach to Conservation of Massive Archaeological Structures in Seismic Areas: The Apollo Nymphaeum in Hierapolis of Phrygia
Creators: name: Valluzzi, Maria Rosa
name: Salvalaggio, Matteo
name: Lorenzoni, Filippo
name: Politi, Maria
name: Boaga, Jacopo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The safety conditions of archaeological remains in seismic areas are strongly jeopardised by a lack of structural completeness, which may trigger dynamic responses among parts and led to partial or overall collapses. However, some of those structures maintain their massive behaviour, which makes the dynamic characterisation difficult for possible predictive analyses. It is the case of the Nymphaeum of Apollo in Hierapolis of Phrygia (Turkey), an impressive stone block masonry structure of the 3rd c. CE, which lies over an active fault. The incomplete structural conditions and the presence of multi-leaf cross sections make this case study of great interest to verifying the reliability of using numerical models for assessment. The discrete element approach was applied to perform nonlinear dynamic analyses under increasing levels of seismicity. The numerical model was based on: i) the detailed shaping of blocks texture, and ii) the onsite inspections and non-destructive testing. Data was also implemented into the numerical model to perform sensitivity analyses. Results showed that the engineering approach proposed herein is able to overcome the challenges imposed by such a massive archaeological structure, facing the unknowns left over by experimental investigations with the opportunity offered by numerical methods such as discrete element modelling.
Circulating Omentin-1 and Chronic Temporomandibular Disorder Pain
Creators: name: Harmon, Jennifer
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Epidemiology
subject: Dentistry
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Objective: Literature implicates circulating inflammatory cytokines in pain and TMD. One anti- inflammatory adipokine, omentin-1, has decreased expression in inflammatory conditions. This study tested the hypothesis that circulating levels of omentin-1 were lower in individuals with TMD than healthy controls. Methods: A case-control design of chronic TMD cases (n=90) and TMD-free controls (n=54) were selected from the study named OPPERA. Omentin-1 levels were measured in blood plasma samples using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence limits (CL) for the association between omentin-1 and TMD. Results: Mean omentin-1 concentration was lower in TMD cases (413.5 μg/ml) than controls (464.8 μg/ml), but the difference was not statistically significant. Odds of TMD decreased 36% per standard deviation increase in circulating omentin-1 (adjusted OR=0.64, 95% CL: 0.43, 0.96. P=0.031). Conclusion: Decreased omentin-1 in TMD cases supports the view that TMD pain is mediated by anti-inflammatory pathways.
Extending the fair sampling assumption using causal diagrams
Creators: name: Gebhart, Valentin
name: Smerzi, Augusto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Discarding undesirable measurement results in Bell experiments opens the detection loophole that prevents a conclusive demonstration of nonlocality. As closing the detection loophole represents a major technical challenge for many practical Bell experiments, it is customary to assume the so-called fair sampling assumption (FSA) that, in its original form, states that the collectively postselected statistics are a fair sample of the ideal statistics. Here, we analyze the FSA from the viewpoint of causal inference: We derive a causal structure that must be present in any causal model that faithfully encapsulates the FSA. This provides an easy, intuitive, and unifying approach that includes different accepted forms of the FSA and underlines what is really assumed when using the FSA. We then show that the FSA can not only be applied in scenarios with non-ideal detectors or transmission losses, but also in ideal experiments where only parts of the correlations are postselected, e.g., when the particles' destinations are in a superposition state. Finally, we demonstrate that the FSA is also applicable in multipartite scenarios that test for (genuine) multipartite nonlocality.
Social Determinants of Health and Health Outcomes Among Adults with Disabilities
Creators: name: Salentine, Benjamin
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: Healthcare in the United States has traditionally focused extensively on the provision of medical care in a quest for better health outcomes. However, new and innovative approaches to achieving better outcomes have risen to the forefront. The Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) serve as a more holistic approach to positively impact health outcomes, which focuses more broadly on social factors influencing health and well-being. SDOH are commonly defined as key non-medical factors that influence health and well-being. SDOH are conditions in the environment in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect health outcomes and risks, functioning, and quality of life (Spencer et al., 2016). These factors have the capacity to impact subsequent health outcomes experienced by individuals in either a positive or negative fashion. People with disabilities (PWD) continue to experience disparities in health outcomes and may greatly benefit from an increased focus on SDOH. This study utilized the National Core Indicators - Aging and Disabilities (NCI-AD) Adult Consumer Survey (ACS) to conduct retrospective secondary data analysis, while highlighting associations between key constructs of interest. A primary aim of this study is to investigate associations between select SDOH domains (neighborhood and physical environment; community and social context) and associated quality of life (QoL) and health outcomes for adults with disabilities. The results of hypothesis testing for the research question revealed that transportation, housing, safety, social integration, support systems, and community engagement satisfaction predict quality of life and health among individuals with all types of disabilities after controlling for personal factors. This study contributes to advancement of the knowledge base within the field of Disability Studies. It is important to understand these factors in order to maximize health outcomes and service provision for PWD. This study is also unique in that it offers novel insights into the prevalence and impact of SDOH factors specific to PWD.
Dynamics of quantized vortices in Bose-Einstein condensates with laser-induced spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Kasamatsu, Kenichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study vortex dynamics in trapped two-component Bose-Einstein condensates with a laser- induced spin-orbit coupling using the numerical analysis of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The spin-orbit coupling leads to three distinct ground state phases, which depend on some experimentally controllable parameters. When a vortex is put in one or both of the two-component condensates, the vortex dynamics exhibits very different behaviors in each phase, which can be observed in experiments. These dynamical behaviors can be understood by clarifying the stable vortex structure realized in each phase.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Andreev reflection spectroscopy in strongly paired superconductors
Creators: name: Lewandowski, Cyprian
name: Lantagne-Hurtubise, Étienne
name: Thomson, Alex
name: Nadj-Perge, Stevan
name: Alicea, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent experiments on low-carrier-density superconductors, including twisted multilayer graphene, we study signatures of the BCS to BEC evolution in Andreev reflection spectroscopy. We establish that in a standard quantum point contact geometry, Andreev reflection in a BEC superconductor is unable to mediate a zero-bias conductance beyond $e^2/h$ per lead channel. This bound is shown to result from a duality that links the sub-gap conductance of BCS and BEC superconductors. We then demonstrate that sharp signatures of BEC superconductivity, including perfect Andreev reflection, can be recovered by tunneling through a suitably designed potential well. We propose various tunneling spectroscopy setups to experimentally probe this recovery.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Trust and Reputation Algorithms for Hierarchically Structured Peer-to-Peer Systems
Creators: name: Kalala, Kalonji
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Hierarchical P2P Network
EigenTrust
Absolute Trust
NodeRanking
PowerTrust
Hierarchical Chord
DHT
Trust
Reputation

description: This research focuses on the redesign of trust and reputation algorithms in the context of hierarchically structured Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks with Chord, a scalable P2P lookup service for Internet applications. Chord, which is an open source project, is an overlay network based on a distributed hash table(DHT), and all peers in Chord are arranged around a circle. In this work, we propose four adapted trust and reputation algorithms for hierarchically structured P2P networks: EigenTrust, PowerTrust, Absolute Trust and NodeRanking. EigenTrust is one of the most well-known trust and reputation algorithms, as well as the most simple. To calculate the reputation, EigenTrust needs to normalize trust and rely on pre-trusted peers. Like EigenTrust, PowerTrust relies on feedback and the use of a distributed ranking mechanism. It chooses a limited number of power nodes with a high reputation. By combining a random walk strategy and the power nodes, it improves accuracy of global reputation. AbsoluteTrust does not require normalization of trust, pretrusted peers or any centralized authority. Weighted average combined with feedback from peers is employed to determine trust. NodeRanking relies on both individual reputation and social relationship to compute the trust value. NodeRanking evaluates reputation using local information. A node's reputation value can be readily determined by the number of references from other nodes in the network. These adapted algorithms are capable of handling a huge number of nodes disseminated in different rings, which improves complexity and reduces the number of malicious nodes in a hierarchical context. Furthermore, we describe the components of the hierarchical model architecture and present and discuss the results from the experiments. These experiments are employed to verify and compare reduction of downloads from malicious peers, load distribution and residual curl in at structured networks and in hierarchically structured networks.
On the Cohen-Macaulay property of monomial ideals in conical algebras
Creators: name: Pereira, Joel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Cohen-Macaulay rings are an important class of rings in commutative algebra. A ring R is Cohen-Macaulay if depth R = dim R (viewed as a module). This equality of these two invariants gives rise to many important algebraic and geometric results. In this thesis, we will summarize some of these important results. We will also give different methods in calculating the depth of a module and apply them to a special class of rings, the conical algebras. We will also discuss more recent results showing when certain quotients of these conical algebras are Cohen-Macaulay.
Three Essays on Modeling Aging Population
Creators: name: Nikpoor, Somaieh
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: overlapping generation model
aging population
simulation
public pension
welfare
CGE

description: Chapter 1: Interregional Transfers through Public Pension in Canada- In this chapter, I build a regional computable general equilibrium model with an overlapping generations (OLG) structure of the Canadian economy to analyze population aging dynamics and public pensions. Canada is divided into three regions: Atlantic, Quebec and Rest of Canada (ROC). The impact of population aging is investigated on each of three regions' pension systems. The results confirm that as a result of aging all regions are affected negatively if they choose to have an independent pension system. Under a joint pension system most of the pressure of the provision of the pension system is on the ROC. Atlantic region benefits the most from a joint pension plan as the implicit funds ow from ROC to Atlantic region. Quebec benefits from having its own program, but the benefits disappear slowly in future years. Chapter 2: Age-Variable Rate of Time Preference in CGE-OLG Model- Contrary to the mainstream studies in the area of intertemporal optimization that assume a constant rate of time preference over individuals' life cycles, in this chapter I propose a new approach to measure the rate of time preference by assuming that the rate of time preference evolves by age. I construct an overlapping generations model (OLG) and calibrate rate of time preference. The age-variable rate of time preference would permit to capture many other elements that affect the life cycle profile of consumption as observed in the data. The results show that rate of time preference exhibits three phases and is different for young versus old. Chapter 3: Computing Demographic Change Simulation under Constant and Age-variable Rate of Time Preference - This chapter simulates the impact of an aging population on various macroeconomic variables and calculates the cohort welfare as well as social welfare. The outcomes from simulations are dependent on the choice of rate of time preference as well as the structure of the model. The results in this chapter provide a new approach to determining the impact of aging population. The choice of a realistic rate of time preference, which allows its variability by age, affects the cohort welfare noticeably.
Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Herbert Marcuse, the Frankfurt School and the West German Student Movement
Creators: name: Fulk, Kirkland Alexander
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: This thesis examines the tension between Marcuse, the Frankfurt School and the West German student movement focusing primarily on Marcuse's controversial essay Repressive Tolerance and its repercussions. Marcuse's 1965 essay both personifies his radical politics and provides a link to his Heideggarian background, thus incorporating his radical political stance with his radical philosophy. What was Marcuse actually saying in this treatise? How did the students misunderstand it? Further, how does this essay represent the longstanding tension between Marcuse and his Frankfurt School colleagues? The first chapter will provide a critical analysis of Repressive Tolerance and the subsequent dialogues between both Marcuse and the students and Marcuse and Horkheimer and Adorno. The second chapter reaches to the roots of Marcuse's theory. Does Repressive Tolerance contain traces of Marcuse's Heideggarian heritage and if so how does this aid our understanding of Marcuse's philosophy and his relationship with these two competing groups?
Improved renormalization scheme for nonlocal operators
Creators: name: Constantinou, Martha
name: Panagopoulos, Haralambos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present an improved RI-type prescription appropriate for the non-perturbative renormalization of gauge invariant nonlocal operators. In this prescription, the non-perturbative vertex function is improved by subtracting unwanted finite lattice spacing ($a$) effects, calculated in lattice perturbation theory. The method is versatile and can be applied to a wide range of fermion and gluon actions, as well as types of nonlocal operators. The presence of operator mixing can also be accommodated. Compared to the standard RI' prescription, this variant can be recast as a supplementary finite renormalization, whose coefficients bring about corrections of higher order in $a$; consequently, it coincides with standard RI' as $a\to 0$, however it can afford us a smoother and more controlled extrapolation to the continuum limit. In this proof-of-concept calculation we focus on nonlocal fermion bilinear operators containing a straight Wilson line. In the numerical implementation we use Wilson/clover fermions and Iwasaki improved gluons. The finite-$a$ terms were calculated to one-loop level in lattice perturbation theory, and to all orders in $a$, using the same action as the non-perturbative vertex functions. We find that the method leads to significant improvement in the perturbative region indicated by small and intermediate values of the length of the Wilson line. This results in a robust extraction of the renormalization functions in that region. We have also applied the above method to operators with stout-smeared links. We show how to perform the perturbative correction for any number of smearing iterations, and evaluate its effect on the power divergent renormalization coefficients.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Galaxy fields of LISA massive black hole mergers in a simulated Universe
Creators: name: Lops, Gaia
name: Izquierdo-Villalba, David
name: Colpi, Monica
name: Bonoli, Silvia
name: Sesana, Alberto
name: Mangiagli, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: LISA will extend the search for gravitational waves (GWs) at $0.1\,{-}\,100$ mHz where loud signals from coalescing binary black holes of $ 10^4 \,{-}\,10^7\,\rm M_{\odot}$ are expected. Depending on their mass and luminosity distance, the uncertainty in the LISA sky-localization decreases from hundreds of deg$^2$ during the inspiral phase to fractions of a deg$^2$ after the merger. By using the semi-analytical model L-Galaxies applied to the Millennium-I merger trees, we generate a simulated Universe to identify the hosts of $z\,{\leq}\,3$ coalescing binaries with total mass of $3\,{\times}\,10^{5}$, $3\,{\times}\,10^6$ and $3\,{\times}\,10^7\rm M_{\odot}$, and varying mass ratio. We find that, even at the time of merger, the number of galaxies around the LISA sources is too large (${\gtrsim}\,10^2$) to allow direct host identification. However, if an X-ray counterpart is associated to the GW sources at $z\,{<}\,1$, all LISA fields at merger are populated by ${\lesssim}\,10$ AGNs emitting above ${\sim}\, 10^{-17} \, \rm erg\,cm^{-2}\,s^{-1}$. For sources at higher redshifts, the poorer sky-localization causes this number to increase up to ${\sim}\, 10^3$. Archival data from eRosita will allow discarding ${\sim}\, 10\%$ of these AGNs, being too shallow to detect the dim X-ray luminosity of the GW sources. Inspiralling binaries in an active phase with masses ${\lesssim}\,10^6\rm M_{\odot}$ at $z\,{\leq}\,0.3$ can be detected, as early as $10$ hours before the merger, by future X-ray observatories in less than a few minutes. For these systems, ${\lesssim}\,10$ AGNs are within the LISA sky-localization area. Finally, the LISA-Taiji network would guarantee the identification of an X-ray counterpart $10$ hours before merger for all binaries at $z\,{\lesssim}\,1$.
description: 25 pages, 14 Figures, To be submitted to MNRAS
Essays in Finance and Politics
Creators: name: Emmanuel, Dieu-Donne Donald
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Campaign contributions
Risk-taking
Sponsorship bills
Co-sponsorship bills
Legislators
FDI
Political longevity
Leaders

description: The first chapter explores the extent to which campaign contributions to politicians in the financial sector can influence the economic performance of the banks. In this paper, I study the relationship between campaign contribution, probability of failure and portfolio investment. I find that there is a significant effect of campaign contributions on the probability of failure and riskier investment portfolio using U.S. state banks. This effect is more pronounced for smaller and less geographically diversified banks. The results are robust for the overall risk taking measure ($Z-score$ and volatility of the return). The result is also robust using the magnitude of contributions. Using bivariate model and Blundell-Bond estimate to control for endogeneity of campaign contributions, I find that the results are robust. Using US legislative data on congressmen from congress.gov, the second chapter (co-authored with Aggey Semenov) investigates the effect of U.S. Congress legislators' non roll--call activity in bill sponsorship and co--sponsorship on campaign contributions from the financial industry. We found that bill sponsorship has positive and significant effect on campaign contributions in both Chambers. Co--sponsorship has positive and significant effect on contributions in the House but not in the Senate. We link this observation to a longer term of senators compare to congressmen; senators have more time to engage in more profitable sponsorship than congressmen. Legislators' efficiency in promoting bills to laws is rewarded by the financial industry. We also conduct robustness checks. Motivated by a large literature on the determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), the third chapter (co-authored with Roland Pongou) is assigned to understand whether a leader's longevity in office promotes FDI inflows? We answer this question with a novel dataset on the personal characteristics of African leaders covering the period from 1960 to 2011. We find that political longevity increases FDI inflows. The effect is robust to controlling for leader heterogeneity using leader fixed effects. The results remain unchanged when using plausible instrumental variables for political longevity to address possible endogeneity issues, and when estimating a dynamic model. Importantly, the effect of longevity on FDI inflows is only positive for more democratic regimes. Exploring the mechanism, we find that longevity of leaders improves the rule of laws, bureaucracy, property rights, and infrastructure, and reduces corruption. We also find that unobserved characteristics of leaders such as his ability play a role in its longevity and the improvement of institutions.