cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Offshore Wind Technology and Applications
Creators: L. He
E. Starschich
S. Dennetiere
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

Offshore wind energy is an established generation technology in Europe among other places. Building wind turbines that can operate successfully in a marine environment requires special technology. This panel session will present technical developments that will be used in future projects. To accelerate grid decarbonization, many countries have issued strong incentives to significantly increase the installation of renewable energy resources, including offshore wind. The U.S. government has set an ambitious target to install offshore wind generators of 30 GW by 2030. The rapid growth of offshore wind power poses great challenges to the modeling, control, protection, and operation of mainland ac grids. This panel will share the U.S. DOE perspectives on offshore wind integration and lessons learned and best experiences from Europe to provide good guidance for the development of U.S. offshore wind.
Offshore wind energy is an established generation technology in Europe among other places. Building wind turbines that can operate successfully in a marine environment requires special technology. This panel session will present technical developments that will be used in future projects. To accelerate grid decarbonization, many countries have issued strong incentives to significantly increase the installation of renewable energy resources, including offshore wind. The U.S. government has set an ambitious target to install offshore wind generators of 30 GW by 2030. The rapid growth of offshore wind power poses great challenges to the modeling, control, protection, and operation of mainland ac grids. This panel will share the U.S. DOE perspectives on offshore wind integration and lessons learned and best experiences from Europe to provide good guidance for the development of U.S. offshore wind.
High-Performance Computing Lessons Learnt and Way Forward for PES
Creators: B. Messer
J. Belanger
S. Yellapantua
M. Sprague
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

As the penetration of controllable loads and generators through power electronics rise in the power grid, there is increased need for more computational resources in planning, operations, and automatic control of future power grids. Some examples of the increased need for computational resources include the need for distributed optimization in operations with rise of distributed energy resources and controllable loads, requirement to perform large-area electromagnetic transient (EMT) studies in planning, need for dynamic stability assessment with increased fidelity of models and in small timescales, digital twin needs, among others. Towards the same, the power and energy society (PES) will benefit from learning the ongoing developments to utilize high-performance computing (HPC) in other applications and identify potential needs in power grid with increased presence of power electronics. These will include, but not limited to, application of HPCs in predictive wind farm modeling, multi-physics simulations, power electronics, among others.
As the penetration of controllable loads and generators through power electronics rise in the power grid, there is increased need for more computational resources in planning, operations, and automatic control of future power grids. Some examples of the increased need for computational resources include the need for distributed optimization in operations with rise of distributed energy resources and controllable loads, requirement to perform large-area electromagnetic transient (EMT) studies in planning, need for dynamic stability assessment with increased fidelity of models and in small timescales, digital twin needs, among others. Towards the same, the power and energy society (PES) will benefit from learning the ongoing developments to utilize high-performance computing (HPC) in other applications and identify potential needs in power grid with increased presence of power electronics. These will include, but not limited to, application of HPCs in predictive wind farm modeling, multi-physics simulations, power electronics, among others.
Decarbonizing Transportation through Electrification
Creators: S. Grillo
T. Pinto
R. Hossain
Q. Huang
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

The power and energy system is evolving quickly. The available energy resources are changing, due to the introduction a large share of renewable-based generation sources. This paradigm shift is forcing the involved players to adapt their roles accordingly. The available infrastructure is evolving quickly as well, encompassing the installation of new types of sensors, metering devices, communication channels and control technology. This is enabling the acquisition of a much richer set of data, which is essential to support the decisions required to cope with the needs of the new emerging environment. With the increase of data volume and complexity, learning models must be adapted, and state-of-the art machine learning models, namely in the field of deep learning, are promising solutions to address problems with these characteristics. This panel brings together different views on the state of the art advances that are being reached in the application of deep learning approaches to solve diverse power and energy systems problems, such as voltage stability control, smart grid management, energy resources forecasting and synthetic data generation.
The power and energy system is evolving quickly. The available energy resources are changing, due to the introduction a large share of renewable-based generation sources. This paradigm shift is forcing the involved players to adapt their roles accordingly. The available infrastructure is evolving quickly as well, encompassing the installation of new types of sensors, metering devices, communication channels and control technology. This is enabling the acquisition of a much richer set of data, which is essential to support the decisions required to cope with the needs of the new emerging environment. With the increase of data volume and complexity, learning models must be adapted, and state-of-the art machine learning models, namely in the field of deep learning, are promising solutions to address problems with these characteristics. This panel brings together different views on the state of the art advances that are being reached in the application of deep learning approaches to solve diverse power and energy systems problems, such as voltage stability control, smart grid management, energy resources forecasting and synthetic data generation.
A realization of the quantum Lorentz group
Creators: name: Aneva, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A realization of a deformed Lorentz algebra is considered and its irreducible representations are found; in the limit $q\to 1$, these are precisely the irreducible representations of the classical Lorentz group.
description: This a short version of the Phys.Lett.B publication
Orbital spin-splitting factors for conduction electrons in lead
Creators: name: Ren, Yan-Ru
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A detailed experimental study has been made of the spin-splitting factors ℊc for magnetic Landau levels associated with conduction electrons in extremal orbits on the Fermi surface of lead. This information has been derived from the waveform of the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) quantum oscillations in the magnetization of single-crystal lead spheres at temperatures of about 1.2 K and with applied magnetic fields in the range 50-75 kG. A commercial spectrum analyzer has been used to provide on-line values of the harmonic amplitudes in the dHvA waveform, and the values of ℊc have been extracted from the relative strengths of the harmonics. Serious systematic errors in ℊc can arise on account of waveform distortions caused by the small and subtle difference between the externally applied field H and the magnetizing field B acting on the conduction electrons. In 1981 Gold and Van Schyndel demonstrated that these 'magnetic-interaction' distortions could be suppressed to a large extent by using negative magnetic feedback to make the induction B within the sample be the same as H (or very nearly so). This thesis describes the first in-depth application of the magnetic-feedback technique to the systematic study of any metal. Particular attention has been paid to the effect of sample inhomogeneity, and Shoenberg's treatment of the magnetic interaction in a non-uniform sample has been generalized to include magnetic feedback. This theory accounts well for many features in the experimental data, especially those which remained a puzzle in the earlier work of Gold and Van Schyndel. Experimental ℊc values are given for the first time for most of the extremal orbits on the lead Fermi surface and for high-symmetry directions of the magnetic field. Indeed these are the most detailed data reported for any polyvalent metal. The ℊc factors for the different orbits and field directions are found to span the range from 0.56 to 1.147. These large net deviations from the free-electron value ℊ₀ = 2.0023 are consequences of the strong spin-orbit and electron-phonon interactions, and an attempt has been made to separate these two contributions to the ℊ-shifts.
Phonon assisted dynamical Coulomb blockade in a thin suspended graphite sheet
Creators: name: Chepelianskii, A.
name: Delplace, P.
name: Shailos, A.
name: Kasumov, A.
name: Deblock, R.
name: Monteverde, M.
name: Ferrier, M.
name: Guéron, S.
name: Bouchiat, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The differential conductance in a suspended few layered graphene sample is fou nd to exhibit a series of quasi-periodic sharp dips as a function of bias at l ow temperature. We show that they can be understood within a simple model of dyn amical Coulomb blockade where energy exchanges take place between the charge carriers transmitted trough the sample and a dissipative electromagnetic envir onment with a resonant phonon mode strongly coupled to the electrons.
Optically Thick Radio Cores of Narrow-Waist Bipolar Nebulae
Creators: name: Lee, T. -H.
name: Lim, J.
name: Kwok, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report our search for optically thick radio cores in sixteen narrow-waist bipolar nebulae. Optically thick cores are a characteristic signature of collimated ionized winds. Eleven northern nebulae were observed with the Very Large Array (VLA) at 1.3 cm and 0.7 cm, and five southern nebulae were observed with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) at 6 cm and 3.6 cm. Two northern objects, 19W32 and M 1-91, and three southern objects, He 2-25, He 2-84 and Mz 3, were found to exhibit a compact radio core with a rising spectrum consistent with an ionized jet. Such jets have been seen in M 2-9 and may be responsible for shaping bipolar structure in planetary nebulae.
description: 29 pages, accepted for publication in ApJ
Accurate Electromagnetic Transient Type Modeling of Inverter Based Resources
Creators: M. Cova Acosta
W. Baker
X. Wang
D. Ramasubramanian
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

With the increasing integration of renewable energy resources, commonly in the form of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs), the power industry faces challenges related to safe operation of the bulk power system that necessitate application of Electromagnetic Transient-type (EMT) simulations. The focus of this panel is on EMT IBR modeling and its application in power system studies. Specifically, the panel presents challenges of development and validation of an EMT IBR model, need for EMT studies in an IBR-dominated power system, and existing practices and future trends with emerging grid codes and IBR interconnection standards. Insights from manufacturers, utilities, EMT software vendors, consultants, and research and development will be provided. The panel presentations include both grid following and grid forming inverter types.
With the increasing integration of renewable energy resources, commonly in the form of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs), the power industry faces challenges related to safe operation of the bulk power system that necessitate application of Electromagnetic Transient-type (EMT) simulations. The focus of this panel is on EMT IBR modeling and its application in power system studies. Specifically, the panel presents challenges of development and validation of an EMT IBR model, need for EMT studies in an IBR-dominated power system, and existing practices and future trends with emerging grid codes and IBR interconnection standards. Insights from manufacturers, utilities, EMT software vendors, consultants, and research and development will be provided. The panel presentations include both grid following and grid forming inverter types.
High-speed measurements for inverter-based resources
Creators: JP Skeath
M. Morjaria
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

Inverter-based resource are now the predominant form of new generation connecting to the bulk power system. As these resource become increasingly prominent and are playing a key role in BPS reliability, it is important that they have sufficient monitoring data and measurement capability to perform both real-time monitoring as well as offline engineering analysis. This panel will highlight the recommended practices for high-speed measurement data at inverter-based resources and focus on the new capabilities being presented in IEEE P2800.
Inverter-based resource are now the predominant form of new generation connecting to the bulk power system. As these resource become increasingly prominent and are playing a key role in BPS reliability, it is important that they have sufficient monitoring data and measurement capability to perform both real-time monitoring as well as offline engineering analysis. This panel will highlight the recommended practices for high-speed measurement data at inverter-based resources and focus on the new capabilities being presented in IEEE P2800.
Time-dependent forces between a swift electron and a small nanoparticle within the dipole approximation
Creators: name: Castrejón-Figueroa, J.
name: Castellanos-Reyes, J. Á.
name: Maciel-Escudero, C.
name: Reyes-Coronado, A.
name: Barrera, R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we calculate the time-dependent forces between a swift electron traveling at constant velocity and a metallic nanoparticle made of either aluminum or gold. We consider that the nanoparticle responds as an electric point dipole and we use classical electrodynamics to calculate the force on both the nanoparticle and the electron. The values for the velocity of the electron and the radius of the nanoparticle were chosen in accordance with electron microscopy observations, and the impact parameter was selected to fulfill the constraints imposed by the dipole approximation. We found that there are times when the force on the nanoparticle is attractive and others when it is repulsive, and show that this is due to the delayed electromagnetic response of the nanoparticle. To establish the limits of validity of our approach, we calculate the total linear momentum transfer to the nanoparticle, and compare it with results obtained, in frequency space, using the full multipole expansion of the fields induced on the nanoparticle, considering the effects of electromagnetic radiation.
Decarbonizing Transportation through Electrification
Creators: B. Fahimi
T. Jahns
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

Electrifying transportation is cited as an important tool to reduce the carbon intensity of the transportation sector. This session will discuss the new motor designs that are required for electrifying transportation.
Electrifying transportation is cited as an important tool to reduce the carbon intensity of the transportation sector. This session will discuss the new motor designs that are required for electrifying transportation.
Auto-Split: A General Framework of Collaborative Edge-Cloud AI
Creators: name: Banitalebi-Dehkordi, Amin
name: Vedula, Naveen
name: Pei, Jian
name: Xia, Fei
name: Wang, Lanjun
name: Zhang, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In many industry scale applications, large and resource consuming machine learning models reside in powerful cloud servers. At the same time, large amounts of input data are collected at the edge of cloud. The inference results are also communicated to users or passed to downstream tasks at the edge. The edge often consists of a large number of low-power devices. It is a big challenge to design industry products to support sophisticated deep model deployment and conduct model inference in an efficient manner so that the model accuracy remains high and the end-to-end latency is kept low. This paper describes the techniques and engineering practice behind Auto-Split, an edge-cloud collaborative prototype of Huawei Cloud. This patented technology is already validated on selected applications, is on its way for broader systematic edge-cloud application integration, and is being made available for public use as an automated pipeline service for end-to-end cloud-edge collaborative intelligence deployment. To the best of our knowledge, there is no existing industry product that provides the capability of Deep Neural Network (DNN) splitting.
description: Published in KDD 2021. Code and demo available at: https://marketplace.huaweicloud.com/markets/aihub/notebook/detail/?id=5fad1eb4-50b2-4ac9-bcb0-a1f744cf85c7
Modelling the economic implications of offshore oil : the case of Hibernia
Creators: name: Plourde, André
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The development and production of Canadian offshore petroleum deposits raises three key sets of issues of interest to economists. First are questions relating to the impact of royalties and taxes on producer decisions, and hence on the level and efficiency of resource taxation. Other issues concern the impacts on the overall economy during both the construction and production phases. A third set of issues relates to the distribution of powers and resource revenues between federal and provincial governments, including the links between provincial resource revenues and equalization payments. This thesis develops a numerically tractable economic model designed to examine these issues. At the model's core is a one-to-one relationship between development plans and production profiles. This property is exploited in simulating the behaviour of a price-taking, net-present-value-maximizing producer under conditions of certainty. The model is linked with a macroeconometric model of the Canadian economy to study the potential consequences of Hibernia, a petroleum deposit located in the Eastern Canadian offshore region. This deposit was chosen for analysis because its size, location and low costs (relative to current world oil prices) combine to raise all of the issues listed above. In most cases studied, producer responses to government policies result in the dissipation of less than five percent of the deposit's net present value to society. Although cases are identified where these responses have more serious consequences, the resulting dissipation of potential net benefits never exceeds 15 percent. The extension of specific forms of royalty and tax relief to the producer generally reduces the distortionary effects of government policies. The simulated exploitation of Hibernia induces small but sympathetic changes in most macroeconomic variables. The net crowding-out effects on other industries are shown to be relatively small, and to be more prevalent during the construction period. The results suggest that the larger share of the net benefits accruing to governments flows to the provincial treasury under three of the revenue-sharing systems modelled. However, Newfoundland and Labrador would lose a substantial portion of its Hibernia revenues under all of the equalization systems modelled.
Data Analytics, from Engineering to Operation of Flexible Power Systems
Creators: P. Klump
C. Romeis
G. Meyer
G. Mehlmann
A. Mezger
T. Sennewald
N. Xue
T. Werner
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

The digitalization is moving further the electrical power grids. The number of sensors for control as well as monitoring purpose is increasing strongly. Conventional tasks of engineers will be transferred to digital platforms to achieve more flexible and optimized results by the application of machine learning algorithms. The management and analytic of big data plays an increasing role to comply with this development. This session will present innovative approaches and practical examples regarding the digitalization of power grids.
The digitalization is moving further the electrical power grids. The number of sensors for control as well as monitoring purpose is increasing strongly. Conventional tasks of engineers will be transferred to digital platforms to achieve more flexible and optimized results by the application of machine learning algorithms. The management and analytic of big data plays an increasing role to comply with this development. This session will present innovative approaches and practical examples regarding the digitalization of power grids.
Space Weather Timeline Viewer Demo
Creators: name: Doornbos, Eelco
name: Van Dam, Kasper
name: Ter Linden, Mark
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: space weather
time series visualisation

description: Operational monitoring and scientific exploration in the field of space weather are based on a large quantity and variety of observations and model outputs. At the same time, all space weather domains, such as the Sun, heliosphere and geospace, are severely under-sampled. Making the best possible use of space weather observations requires advanced tools. We have recently focussed our efforts on the development of an open source tool for the visual display of space weather information. The tool is centred on an interactive zoomable timeline and this enables the user to quickly and easily navigate between events in time. The user can arrange selections from a large variety of observations, model output and event data together on screen. This makes it easier to investigate and demonstrate connections between events. The tool displays richly formatted time series and symbols for events, as well as image sequences for displaying imaging instrument data, geographical maps or heat maps. The user interface is implemented using the latest web technologies, making it possible to set up a responsive interface on any platform, from large multi-screen workstations for operational monitoring, to handheld mobile devices. Thanks to the use of the Heliophysics Data Application Programmer's Interface (HAPI), information from a large number of sources can be readily displayed, while additional sources can be added with a relatively small development effort. Already implemented sources include satellite missions (ACE, DSCOVR, GOES, Swarm), models (WSA-ENLIL, WAM-IPE, MSIS), ground magnetometer indices, GNSS receivers and ICAO space weather advisory histories.
New results by low momentum approximation from relativistic quantum mechanics equations and suggestion of experiments
Creators: name: Wang, Huai-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fundamental belief is that the formulism of relativistic quantum mechanics equations (RQMEs) should remain in low momentum motion. However, it is found that some formulas from RQMEs were lost in Schrödinger equation. For example, a free relativistic particle has positive and negative energy branches. The former includes positive kinetic energy (PKE) and the latter negative kinetic energy (NKE). The latter should be treated on an equal footing as the former. Nevertheless, from Schrödinger equation, a free particle can have only PKE. Starting from RQMEs and taking low momentum approximation, we derive NKE Schrödinger equation which is for the cases that free particles have NKE. Thus negative energy branch of RQMEs can be retained in low momentum motion. We point out a fact that whether Schrödinger equation is applicable in a region where a particle's energy E is less than potential V, E
description: 20 pages, 1 figure
AI and Asset Management dumbing down or smartening up
Creators: T. McGrail
S. Varadan
M. Konya
J. Lauletta
D. Komljenovic
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

The role of an Asset Manager is sometimes considered to be a combination of translating technical data and information into financial terms, and also translating financial data/information into a technical equivalent. The application of AI tools to the interpretation of asset, operational and condition data provides an opportunity to identify problems and opportunities which may have otherwise been missed - providing value in terms of decision support. This panel session will look at practical applications of AI tools to interpretation of data, subsequent analyses and integration of the approach into asset management decisions as detailed technical data and analyses are 'translated' into the financial environment.
The role of an Asset Manager is sometimes considered to be a combination of translating technical data and information into financial terms, and also translating financial data/information into a technical equivalent. The application of AI tools to the interpretation of asset, operational and condition data provides an opportunity to identify problems and opportunities which may have otherwise been missed - providing value in terms of decision support. This panel session will look at practical applications of AI tools to interpretation of data, subsequent analyses and integration of the approach into asset management decisions as detailed technical data and analyses are 'translated' into the financial environment.
Quasi-classical rate coefficient calculations for the rotational (de)excitation of H2O by H2
Creators: name: Faure, A.
name: Crimier, N.
name: Ceccarelli, C.
name: Valiron, P.
name: Wiesenfeld, L.
name: Dubernet, M. -L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interpretation of water line emission from existing observations and future HIFI/Herschel data requires a detailed knowledge of collisional rate coefficients. Among all relevant collisional mechanisms, the rotational (de)excitation of H2O by H2 molecules is the process of most interest in interstellar space. To determine rate coefficients for rotational de-excitation among the lowest 45 para and 45 ortho rotational levels of H2O colliding with both para and ortho-H2 in the temperature range 20-2000 K. Rate coefficients are calculated on a recent high-accuracy H2O-H2 potential energy surface using quasi-classical trajectory calculations. Trajectories are sampled by a canonical Monte-Carlo procedure. H2 molecules are assumed to be rotationally thermalized at the kinetic temperature. By comparison with quantum calculations available for low lying levels, classical rates are found to be accurate within a factor of 1-3 for the dominant transitions, that is those with rates larger than a few 10^{-12}cm^{3}s^{-1}. Large velocity gradient modelling shows that the new rates have a significant impact on emission line fluxes and that they should be adopted in any detailed population model of water in warm and hot environments.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, 1 table (the online material (4 tables) can be obtained upon request to afaure@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr)
ОБЩАЯ КОНСТРУКЦИЯ И ОСНОВНЫЕ ПАРАМЕТРЫ ДВИГАТЕЛЯ
Creators: name: Бобоева Нилуфар Гаффоровна Учитель специального предмета в политехническом училище № 2 Навбахорского района
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Двигатель автомобиля представляет собой совокупность меха­низмов и систем, преобразующих тепловую энергию сгорающего в его цилиндрах топлива в механическую. В данной статье рассматриваются общая конструкция и основные параметры двигателя.

Ключевые слова: Двигатель, тепловые, электрические, гидравлические, карбюрато­р, карбюраторные двигатели, цилиндр и поршень
Phase separation of an asymmetric binary fluid mixture confined in a nanoscopic slit pore: Molecular-dynamics simulations
Creators: name: Bucior, K.
name: Yelash, L.
name: Binder, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a generic model system of an asymmetric binary fluid mixture, hexadecane dissolved in carbon dioxide is considered, using a coarse-grained bead-spring model for the short polymer, and a simple spherical particle with Lennard-Jones interactions for the carbon dioxide molecules. In previous work, it has been shown that this model reproduces the real phase diagram reasonable well, and also the initial stages of spinodal decomposition in the bulk following a sudden expansion of the system could be studied. Using the parallelized simulation package ESPResSo on a multiprocessor supercomputer, phase separation of thin fluid films confined between parallel walls that are repulsive for both types of molecules are simulated in a rather large system (1356 x 1356 x 67.8 A^3, corresponding to about 3.2 million atoms). Following the sudden system expansion, a complicated interplay between phase separation in the directions perpendicular and parallel to the walls is found: in the early stages the hexadecane molecules accumulate mostly in the center of the slit pore, but as the coarsening of the structure in the parallel direction proceeds, the inhomogeneity in the perpendicular direction gets much reduced. Studying then the structure factors and correlation functions at fixed distances from the wall, the densities are essentially not conserved at these distances, and hence the behavior differs strongly from spinodal decomposition in the bulk. Some of the characteristic lengths show a nonmonotonic variation with time, and simple coarsening described by power-law growth is only observed if the domain sizes are much larger than the film thickness.
description: accepted for publication in PRE
Short Hard Gamma Ray Bursts And Their Afterglows
Creators: name: Dado, Shlomo
name: Dar, Arnon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long duration gamma ray bursts (GRBs) and X-ray flashes (XRFs) are produced by highly- relativistic jets ejected in core-collapse supernova explosions. The origin of short hard gamma-ray bursts (SHBs) has not been established. They may be produced by highly relativistic jets ejected in various processes: mergers of compact stellar objects; large-mass accretion episodes onto compact stars in close binaries or onto intermediate-mass black holes in dense stellar regions; phase transition of compact stars. Natural environments of such events are the dense cores of globular clusters, superstar clusters and young supernova remnants. We have used the cannonball model of GRBs to analyze all Swift SHBs with a well-sampled X-ray afterglow. We show that their prompt gamma-ray emission can be explained by inverse Compton scattering (ICS) of the progenitor's glory light, and their extended soft emission component by ICS of high density light or synchrotron radiation (SR) in a high density interstellar medium within the cluster. The mechanism generating the afterglow is synchrotron radiation outside the cluster. No associated supernova could be detected in the low luminosity nearby GRBs 060614 and 060505. We interpret them as SHBs seen relatively far off axis.
Protection of VSC-based HVDC Transmission Systems Requirements, Challenges and Recent Advancements
Creators: Y. Hafner
P. Briff
C. Plet
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

The recent technological advancements related to power-electronic converters and DC circuit breakers have led to significant opportunities for development of Voltage-Sourced Converter (VSC)-based HVDC transmission systems and specifically HVDC grids. However, protection of the highly advantageous VSC-based HVDC transmission systems is a major challenge that is still constraining a wider proliferation of such HVDC systems. The impacts of DC-side faults on the VSC-based HVDC system and the host AC grid highly depend on the utilized VSC technologies (e.g.: various MMC topologies) and the grid characteristics. This panel will focus on the requirements and challenges associated with protection of VSC-based HVDC transmission systems, considering the state-of-the-art converter, DC circuit breaker, and relay technologies as well as the AC and DC system grounding strategies. The protection aspects of a diverse range of systems such as, HVDC connected wind farms, HVDC connected to weak ac grids, and HVDC grids themselves, will be discussed and exemplified.
The recent technological advancements related to power-electronic converters and DC circuit breakers have led to significant opportunities for development of Voltage-Sourced Converter (VSC)-based HVDC transmission systems and specifically HVDC grids. However, protection of the highly advantageous VSC-based HVDC transmission systems is a major challenge that is still constraining a wider proliferation of such HVDC systems. The impacts of DC-side faults on the VSC-based HVDC system and the host AC grid highly depend on the utilized VSC technologies (e.g.: various MMC topologies) and the grid characteristics. This panel will focus on the requirements and challenges associated with protection of VSC-based HVDC transmission systems, considering the state-of-the-art converter, DC circuit breaker, and relay technologies as well as the AC and DC system grounding strategies. The protection aspects of a diverse range of systems such as, HVDC connected wind farms, HVDC connected to weak ac grids, and HVDC grids themselves, will be discussed and exemplified.
Murphy et al. Reply to the Comment by Kopeikin on "Gravitomagnetic Influence on Gyroscopes and on the Lunar Orbit"
Creators: name: Murphy, T. W.
name: Nordtvedt, K.
name: Turyshev, S. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lunar laser ranging analysis, as regularly performed in the solar system barycentric frame, requires the presence of the gravitomagnetic term in the equation of motion at the strength predicted by general relativity. The same term is responsible for the Lense Thirring effect. Any attempt to modify the strength of the gravitomagnetic interaction would have to do so in a way that does not destroy the fit to lunar ranging data and other observations.
description: 1 page; accepted for publication in Physcal Review Letters; refers to gr-qc/0702028
title: Haus Sert, Lattingtown, New York, USA (1947–1950)
Creators: name: Dogramaci (Ed.), Burcu
name: Schätzke (Ed.), Andreas
Publisher: name: Edition Axel Menges
Year: 2019

description: In dieser Fallstudie wird das Haus des Architekten Lluís Sert analysiert, der 1939 nach New York auswanderte und zwischen 1947 und 1950 sein eigenes Haus in Lattingtown auf Long Island baute. Zusammen mit dem Architekten Paul Lester Wiener erwarb Sert 1947 ein Gebäude aus dem 19. Jahrhundert in Lattingtown, wo er an den alten Westflügel einen neu errichteten Flügel im Süden anbaute. Im offenen Wohnbereich stellte Sert ethnologische Artefakte aus und kombinierte sie mit moderner Kunst, darunter Joan Miró oder Alexander Calder, sowie einem eigenen Plan für ein Stadtprojekt in Nordamerika. Das Nomadenleben zwischen drei Kontinenten spiegelt sich auch in der Architektur, dem Design und der Einrichtung des ersten Hauses von Lluis Sert wider.
Threshold Regression for Survival Analysis: Modeling Event Times by a Stochastic Process Reaching a Boundary
Creators: name: Lee, Mei-Ling Ting
name: Whitmore, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many researchers have investigated first hitting times as models for survival data. First hitting times arise naturally in many types of stochastic processes, ranging from Wiener processes to Markov chains. In a survival context, the state of the underlying process represents the strength of an item or the health of an individual. The item fails or the individual experiences a clinical endpoint when the process reaches an adverse threshold state for the first time. The time scale can be calendar time or some other operational measure of degradation or disease progression. In many applications, the process is latent (i.e., unobservable). Threshold regression refers to first-hitting-time models with regression structures that accommodate covariate data. The parameters of the process, threshold state and time scale may depend on the covariates. This paper reviews aspects of this topic and discusses fruitful avenues for future research.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/088342306000000330 in the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Cyber Physical Power Electronics Dominated Systems Interdependency Modeling and Security
Creators: R. Nuqui
HT Nguyen
K. Katuri
S. Baniahmed
Y. Li
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

With the increased penetration of power electronics interfaced renewable energy sources that incorporate with cyber frameworks, the cyber-physical interactions have critical impacts for power system operation and control. Indeed, inverter-based resources (IBRs) are interconnected through communication networks, and the failures of IBRs or improper controls of them would cause significant concerns for system security. Therefore, power electronics dominated cyber-physical systems require special treatment and security controls. In this panel, the modeling of cyber-physical interdependency, power electronics system cyber security, impacts of IBRs at the distribution grid on bulk systems as well as practical experiences in operating power electronics dominated cyber-physical systems will be discussed.
With the increased penetration of power electronics interfaced renewable energy sources that incorporate with cyber frameworks, the cyber-physical interactions have critical impacts for power system operation and control. Indeed, inverter-based resources (IBRs) are interconnected through communication networks, and the failures of IBRs or improper controls of them would cause significant concerns for system security. Therefore, power electronics dominated cyber-physical systems require special treatment and security controls. In this panel, the modeling of cyber-physical interdependency, power electronics system cyber security, impacts of IBRs at the distribution grid on bulk systems as well as practical experiences in operating power electronics dominated cyber-physical systems will be discussed.
Test of isospin symmetry via low energy $^1$H($π^-$,$π^o$)$n$ charge exchange
Creators: name: Jia, Y.
name: Gorringe, T. P.
name: Hasinoff, M. D.
name: Kovash, M. A.
name: Ojha, M.
name: Pavan, M. M.
name: Tripathi, S.
name: Zolnierczuk, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurements of the $π^- p \to π^o n$ differential cross sections at six momenta (104-143 MeV/c) and four angles (0-40 deg) by detection of $γ$-ray pairs from $π^o \to γγ$ decays using the TRIUMF RMC spectrometer. This region exhibits a vanishing zero-degree cross section from destructive interference between s-- and p--waves, thus yielding special sensitivity to pion-nucleon dynamics and isospin symmetry breaking. Our data and previous data do not agree, with important implications for earlier claims of large isospin violating effects in low energy pion-nucleon interactions.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letters
Reality and super-reality: properties of a mathematical multiverse
Creators: name: McKenzie, Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ever since its foundations were laid nearly a century ago, quantum theory has provoked questions about the very nature of reality. We address these questions by considering the universe, and the multiverse, fundamentally as complex patterns, or mathematical structures. Basic mathematical structures can be expressed more simply in terms of emergent parameters. Even simple mathematical structures can interact within their own structural environment, in a rudimentary form of self-awareness, which suggests a definition of reality in a mathematical structure as simply the complete structure. The absolute randomness of quantum outcomes is most satisfactorily explained by a multiverse of discrete, parallel universes. Some of these have to be identical to each other, but that introduces a dilemma, because each mathematical structure must be unique. The resolution is that the parallel universes must be embedded within a mathematical structure, the multiverse, which allows universes to be identical within themselves, but nevertheless distinct, as determined by their position in the structure. The multiverse needs more emergent parameters than our universe and so it can be considered to be a superstructure. Correspondingly, its reality can be called a super-reality. While every universe in the multiverse is part of the super-reality, the complete super-reality is forever beyond the horizon of any of its component universes.
description: 28 pages; 14 figures; accepted version published in Axiomathes, 30(4), 453-478 (2020). DOI: 10.1007/s10516-019-09466-7
Predictability of band-limited, high-frequency, and mixed processes in the presence of ideal low-pass filters
Creators: name: Dokuchaev, Nikolai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G25, 93E10, 42B30

description: Pathwise predictability of continuous time processes is studied in deterministic setting. We discuss uniform prediction in some weak sense with respect to certain classes of inputs. More precisely, we study possibility of approximation of convolution integrals over future time by integrals over past time. We found that all band-limited processes are predictable in this sense, as well as high-frequency processes with zero energy at low frequencies. It follows that a process of mixed type still can be predicted if an ideal low-pass filter exists for this process.
description: 10 pages
Adaptive conversion of real-valued input into spike trains
Creators: name: Hadjiivanov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a biologically plausible method for converting real-valued input into spike trains for processing with spiking neural networks. The proposed method mimics the adaptive behaviour of retinal ganglion cells and allows input neurons to adapt their response to changes in the statistics of the input. Thus, rather than passively receiving values and forwarding them to the hidden and output layers, the input layer acts as a self-regulating filter which emphasises deviations from the average while allowing the input neurons to become effectively desensitised to the average itself. Another merit of the proposed method is that it requires only one input neuron per variable, rather than an entire population of neurons as in the case of the commonly used conversion method based on Gaussian receptive fields. In addition, since the statistics of the input emerge naturally over time, it becomes unnecessary to pre-process the data before feeding it to the network. This enables spiking neural networks to process raw, non-normalised streaming data. A proof-of-concept experiment is performed to demonstrate that the proposed method operates as expected.
description: 8 pages
A maximum likelihood method for bidimensional experimental distributions, and its application to the galaxy merger fraction
Creators: name: López-Sanjuan, C.
name: García-Dabó, C. E.
name: Balcells, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The determination of galaxy merger fraction of field galaxies using automatic morphological indices and photometric redshifts is affected by several biases if observational errors are not properly treated. Here, we correct these biases using maximum likelihood techniques. The method takes into account the observational errors to statistically recover the real shape of the bidimensional distribution of galaxies in redshift - asymmetry space, needed to infer the redshift evolution of galaxy merger fraction. We test the method with synthetic catalogs and show its applicability limits. The accuracy of the method depends on catalog characteristics such as the number of sources or the experimental error sizes. We show that the maximum likelihood method recovers the real distribution of galaxies in redshift and asymmetry space even when binning is such that bin sizes approach the size of the observational errors. We provide a step-by-step guide to applying maximum likelihood techniques to recover any one- or bidimensional distribution subject to observational errors.
description: Accepted for publication in PASP. 18 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables
The massless supersymmetric ladder with L rungs
Creators: name: Rossi, G. C.
name: Stanev, Ya . S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that in the massless N=1 supersymmetric Wess-Zumino theory it is possible to devise a computational strategy by which the x-space calculation of the ladder 4-point correlators can be carried out without introducing any regularization. As an application we derive a representation valid at all loop orders in terms of conformal invariant integrals. We obtain an explicit expression of the 3-loop ladder diagram for collinear external points.
description: LaTeX, 17 pages, 8 figures
Fast quantum key distribution with decoy number states
Creators: name: Achilles, Daryl
name: Rogacheva, Ekaterina
name: Trifonov, Alexei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the use of photon number states to identify eavesdropping attacks on quantum key distribution (QKD) schemes. The technique is based on the fact that different photon numbers traverse a channel with different transmittivity. We then describe two QKD schemes that utilize this method, one of which overcomes the upper limit on the key generation rate imposed by the dead time of detectors when using a heralded source of photons.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures; Accepted to J. Mod. Opt