Syneches fasciatus Soares & Freitas-Silva & Ale-Rocha 2021, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Soares, Matheus M. M.
name: Freitas-Silva, Rafael A. P.
name: Ale-Rocha, Rosaly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Hybotidae
Syneches
Syneches fasciatus

description: Syneches fasciatus sp. nov.
(Figs 19A–F, 20A–C, 53)
Diagnosis. Medium size (4.2 mm) (Fig. 19A). Antenna yellow, with brown scape (Fig. 19B). Scutum rounded, as broad as mesopleuron, orangish yellow, with acr stripe dark brown extended from anterior margin of scutum to anterior margin of prescutellar disc (Fig. 19D). Pleura yellow, but lower half of anepisternum, upper 2/3 of anepimeron and lower half of laterotergite dark brown, forming a darker stripe along pleura (Fig. 19C), mediotergite yellow with a mid-width brown stripe. Legs with fore tibia and fore tarsus, mid and hind tarsomere 5, apex of hind femur and apical third of hind tibia dark brown, otherwise yellow (Figs 19A, E). Wing sub-hyaline, brown; pterostigma short, oval, brown, about 2.5 x longer than wide; second section of M 1 as long as crossvein r-m; cell bm longer than cells br and cua (Fig. 19F).
Description. Holotype male (Fig. 19A). Body length: 4.2 mm. Wing length: 3.7 mm. Head (Fig. 19B). Ocellar triangle protuberant, covered with golden pruinescence, bearing 2 pairs of ocellar bristles, anterior pair long, about 2 x longer than posterior pair. Face black covered with gray pruinescence. Antenna yellow, but scape brown; postpedicel short, oval, about 1.5 x longer than wide, slightly longer than preceding segments combined, covered with golden pruinescence, bearing 1 long mediodorsal bristle as long as postpedicel; antennal stylus yellow, about 3 x longer than preceding segments combined, short pubescent, bare on apical 1/4. Proboscis, palpifer and palpus dark yellow; palpus short, about 1/4 length of proboscis, covered with golden pruinescence, with 2 bristles as long as palpus (1 medioventral, 1 apical). Postcranium black, covered with golden pruinescence. Thorax (Figs 19C, D). Proepisternum short; prosternum isolated, not fused to proepisternum. Pronotum dark brown, covered with golden pruinescence. Scutum rounded, as broad as mesopleuron in lateral view, covered with golden pruinescence, ground color orangish yellow, with acr stripe dark brown, extended from anterior margin of scutum to anterior margin of prescutellar disc; scutum with 2 brown spots (1 long just anterior to pprn lb, 1 shorter and narrow on anterior margin of npl); pprn lb and pal cal with posterior margin yellow. Scutellum yellow, covered with golden pruinescence. Pleura yellow, but lower half of anepisternum, upper 2/3 of anepimeron and lower half of laterotergite dark brown, forming darker stripe along pleura. Mediotergite yellow, except brown mid-width stripe. Chaetotaxy: acr 6-serial, dc uniserial, bristles short and sparse; prescutellar disc with 2 acr bristles short and convergent and 1 dc bristle long and curved apically; 2 npl bristles long, strong and closely inserted; 2 pal bristles (anterior short and thin, posterior long and strong, about 2 x longer than anterior); scutellum with 11 marginal bristles (1 convergent apical bristle, 1 long, strong, convergent subapical bristle, about 2 x longer than apical bristle, 3 left lateral bristles and 4 right lateral bristles, slightly longer than apical bristle). Legs (Figs 19A, E). Fore femur slightly swollen on basal half, mid femur slender, hind femur slightly swollen. Legs with fore tibia and fore tarsus, mid and hind tarsomere 5, apex of hind femur and apical third of hind tibia dark brown, otherwise yellow. Chaetotaxy: fore tibia with 1D series of bristles slightly longer than covering bristles; mid femur with 1AV and 1PV series of long bristles, shortening towards femur apex; mid tibia with 1AD on apical half, 1AV and 1PV subapicals, shorter than mid tarsomere 1; hind femur with 1AV series of long bristles, thin and sparse, slightly longer than covering bristles, 1PD series of long bristles, shortening towards femur apex; hind tibia with 1D bristle on apical half, 1AD, 1D, and 1PD subapicals, slightly shorter than covering bristles. Wing (Fig. 19F). Sub-hyaline, pale brown; pterostigma short, oval, brown, about 2.5 x longer than wide, extended from apex of R 1 and not filling apex of cell r 1; R 2+3 slightly angulate near apex; second section of M 1 as long as crossvein r-m; cell bm longer than cells br and cua. Halter dark brown, except base of stem brown. Abdomen (Fig. 19A). About 2 x longer than thorax. Brown, covered with reddish brown pruinescence; bristles brown, dorsal bristles short, laterodorsal bristle long. Terminalia (Figs 20A–C) (Paratype, type-locality). Hypandrium narrow on apical third, distal margin triangular on apex forming mid-lobe, bearing pair of long apical bristles as long as exposed part of phallus. Phallus long, wide, ovate, not reaching apex of epandrial lamella. Postgonite short, sub-triangular, slightly longer than apex of hypandrium. Dorsal connection of epandrial lamellae narrow. Epandrial lamella wide in lateral view, narrowing towards apex, with narrow apicodorsal projection.
Female. Unknown.
Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (NMNH) labelled: “ BRASIL: Goiás, R. Saia Velha, 30 kmS Brasília, on Brazilia – B.H., Highway, 1.x.1974, L. Knutson ” “ HOLOTYPE, Syneches fasciatus Soares, Freitas-Silva & Ale-Rocha ” [red label]. Holotype condition: good; not dissected. PARATYPE. Same data as holotype (1 ♂, INPA).
Distribution. Brazil (Goiás) (Fig. 53). Syneches fasciatus sp. nov. is known to occur only from the Cerrado biome.
Variation. The male paratype does not have the brown spot just above the postpronotal lobe.
Remarks. Syneches fasciatus sp. nov. is similar to S. flaviscutellatus sp. nov. by the yellow antenna with brown scape and the scutum extensively orangish yellow, but S. fasciatus sp. nov. differs by the presence of one acrostichal dark stripe extended from anterior margin of scutum to anterior margin of prescutellar disc (absent in S. flaviscutellatus sp. nov.), second section of M 1 as long as crossvein r-m (twice longer than r-m in S. flaviscutellatus sp. nov.), and male terminalia with distal margin of hypandrium triangular.
Etymology. From the Latin fascia = stripe; the specific epithet refers to the stripe on the thorax.
description: Published as part of Soares, Matheus M. M., Freitas-Silva, Rafael A. P. & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2021, Review of Brazilian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), with description of ten new species, pp. 1-84 in Zootaxa 5049 (1) on pages 31-35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5049.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5560580