cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Negotiating with Terrorists: The Attacks of the Taliban, Haqqani Network, and Al-Qaeda as Communication Measures in the Afghan Peace Negotiations
Creators: name: Goldsmith, Anna
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: This thesis explores the ways in which the Taliban, Haqqani Network, and Al-Qaeda have used their attacks as a communication method to express their dissatisfaction with the Afghan and United States governments throughout the Afghan-Taliban peace negotiations. Ultimately, the three terrorist groups are using their attacks to demonstrate that they are not willing to share power with the Afghan government and that they want total control of the country. This thesis also includes a discussion of the policy options the Biden administration has for aiding the Afghan government in negotiations. The Biden administration has announced that it will be withdrawing all troops from Afghanistan by September 11, 2021, which is an extension of the previous deadline of May 1, 2021. Additionally, the Taliban has pulled out of negotiations that were supposed to begin in April 2021, showing that it is not committed to continuing negotiations. As September approaches and the United States begins to withdraw troops, Afghanistan will likely see a government takeover by the Taliban and the United States may have to enter the country once again with full force.
Techniques for second order convergent weakly-compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics schemes without boundaries
Creators: name: Negi, Pawan
name: Ramachandran, Prabhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite the many advances in the use of weakly-compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) for the simulation of incompressible fluid flow, it is still challenging to obtain second-order convergence even for simple periodic domains. In this paper we perform a systematic numerical study of convergence and accuracy of kernel-based approximation, discretization operators, and weakly-compressible SPH (WCSPH) schemes. We explore the origins of the errors and issues preventing second-order convergence despite having a periodic domain. Based on the study, we propose several new variations of the basic WCSPH scheme that are all second-order accurate. Additionally, we investigate the linear and angular momentum conservation property of the WCSPH schemes. Our results show that one may construct accurate WCSPH schemes that demonstrate second-order convergence through a judicious choice of kernel, smoothing length, and discretization operators in the discretization of the governing equations.
description: 63 pages, 26 figures, 9 tables
From Identity, Opportunity: Political Entrepreneurs and the Beginning of the Donbass Conflict
Creators: name: Wright, Stephen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: In February 2014, Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych and his governing Party of Regions saw their control of Ukraine collapse in the face of the Euromaidan protests favoring European association over intensified ties with Russia. Yanukovych's flight to Russia in the night of February 22 created a power vacuum both within his Party and in broader Ukraine as well. While Russian armed intervention saw the Crimean Peninsula annexed in the south, the eastern Donbass region, home to the Party of Regions and long a core for Russian-speaking and ethnic Russian regional identity, witnessed a swift collapse of regional Party power, and the rise of previous political unknowns to positions of leadership at the helm of a burgeoning separatist movement. Over the course of spring 2014, these political entrepreneurs, as their opportunism can be best explained, came to utilize ethno-regional symbolism and rhetoric to direct and intensify their conflict with the provisional Ukrainian government. This paper will seek to explain the rise of these native-born entrepreneurs and their leadership in the early stages of the Donbass conflict as an alternative to a perspective identifying the conflict solely with Russian interference and armed intervention.
Pin(2)-equivariant Seiberg-Witten Floer homology of Seifert fibrations
Creators: name: Stoffregen, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We compute the $\mathrm{Pin}(2)$-equivariant Seiberg-Witten Floer homology of Seifert rational homology three-spheres in terms of their Heegaard Floer homology. As a result of this computation, we prove Manolescu's conjecture that $β=-\barμ$ for Seifert integral homology three-spheres. We show that the Manolescu invariants $α, β,$ and $γ$ give new obstructions to homology cobordisms between Seifert fiber spaces, and that many Seifert homology spheres $Σ(a_1,...,a_n)$ are not homology cobordant to any $-Σ(b_1,...,b_n)$. We then use the same invariants to give an example of an integral homology sphere not homology cobordant to any Seifert fiber space. We also show that the $\mathrm{Pin}(2)$-equivariant Seiberg-Witten Floer spectrum provides homology cobordism obstructions distinct from $α,β,$ and $γ$. In particular, we identify an $\mathbb{F}[U]$-module called connected Seiberg-Witten Floer homology, whose isomorphism class is a homology cobordism invariant.
description: 49 pages, 11 figures. Corrected an error in Lemma 3.8, slightly changing the statement of Theorem 1.1
Self-similar Evolution of Self-Gravitating Viscous Accretion Discs
Creators: name: Illenseer, Tobias F.
name: Duschl, Wolfgang J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 85A30 (Primary), 76M55 (Secondary)

description: A new one-dimensional, dynamical model is proposed for geometrically thin, self-gravitating viscous accretion discs. The vertically integrated equations are simplified using the slow accretion limit and the monopole approximation with a time-dependent central point mass to account for self-gravity and accretion. It is shown that the system of partial differential equations can be reduced to a single non-linear advection diffusion equation which describes the time evolution of angular velocity. In order to solve the equation three different turbulent viscosity prescriptions are considered. It is shown that for these parametrizations the differential equation allows for similarity transformations depending only on a single non-dimensional parameter. A detailed analysis of the similarity solutions reveals that this parameter is the initial power law exponent of the angular velocity distribution at large radii. The radial dependence of the self-similar solutions is in most cases given by broken power laws. At small radii the rotation law always becomes Keplerian with respect to the current central point mass. In the outer regions the power law exponent of the rotation law deviates from the Keplerian value and approaches asymptotically the value determined by the initial condition. It is shown that accretion discs with flatter rotation laws at large radii yield higher accretion rates. The methods are applied to self-gravitating accretion discs in active galactic nuclei. Fully self-gravitating discs are found to evolve faster than nearly Keplerian discs. The implications on supermassive black hole formation and Quasar evolution are discussed.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
(1107) Jacob Akeroyd
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
High Latitude, Translucent Molecular Clouds as Probes of Local Cosmic Rays
Creators: name: Abrahams, R. D.
name: Paglione, T. A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the gamma-ray emission from 9 high latitude, translucent molecular clouds taken with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) between 250 MeV and 10 GeV. Observations of gamma-rays allow us to probe the density and spectrum of cosmic rays in the solar neighborhood. The clouds studied lie within $\sim\!$270 pc from the Sun and are selected from the Planck all-sky CO map. Gamma-rays in this energy range mostly result from cosmic ray interactions with the interstellar medium, which is traced with three components: HI, CO, and dark gas. Every cloud is detected and shows significant, extended gamma-ray emission from molecular gas. The gamma-ray emission is dominated by the CO-emitting gas in some clouds, but by the CO-dark gas in others. The average emissivity and gamma-ray power law index from HI above 1 GeV shows no evidence of a systematic variation. The CO-to-H$_2$ conversion factor shows no variation between clouds over this small spatial range, but shows significant variations within each cloud. The average CO-to-H$_2$ conversion factor suggests that the CO-dark gas is molecular as opposed to optically thick HI.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 20 pages, 11 figures, 7 tables
Enzymes in Diabetes Diagnosis
Creators: name: Clara, Lisa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Diabetes has developed into one of the most serious health threats to the public throughout the world. A number of factors are reported to be associated with the exacerbation of diabetes, such as increasing urbanization, dietary changes, reduced physical activity, unhealthy lifestyle, ageing population, and problematic behavioural patterns. Creative Enzymes is devoted to supporting diabetes research and drug development in pharmaceuticals and institutes with our enzyme products in diabetes diagnosis.
Topological feature and phase structure of QCD at complex chemical potential
Creators: name: Kashiwa, Kouji
name: Ohnishi, Akira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pseudo-critical temperature of the confinement-deconfinement transition and the phase transition surface are investigated by using the complex chemical potential. We can interpret the imaginary chemical potential as the Aharonov-Bohm phase, then the analogy of the topological order suggests that the Roberge-Weiss endpoint would define the pseudo-critical temperature. The behavior of the Roberge-Weiss endpoint at small real quark chemical potential is investigated with the perturbative expansion. The expected QCD phase diagram at complex chemical potential is presented.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Investigating the Relationship Between Gender, Interoception, and Body Beliefs
Creators: name: Luo, Jingyi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Interoception plays a multifaceted role in mental life. Understanding gender differences in interoception can contribute to explain gender disparities in physical and mental health. To fill the gaps in the literature on the relationship between gender and interoception, the present thesis systematically investigates gender differences across three facets of interoception: interoceptive sensitivity, interoceptive awareness, and metacognitive awareness. In particular, the influence of encultured body beliefs, a gender-relevant sociocultural factor, on any relationship is explored. During the study, participants first completed a heartbeat detection task as measures of interoceptive sensitivity and metacognitive awareness. Participants then completed a series of questionnaires to capture interoceptive awareness and body beliefs. By evaluating the full model using structural equation modeling, no significant relationships were found between gender or body beliefs and any facet of interoception. However, through a follow-up exploratory analysis, I found significant gender differences in several subscales of questionnaires that were used to operationalize interoceptive awareness or body beliefs. These findings collectively suggest that women and men differ in some aspects of their awareness and attitudes towards bodily signals. In response to the nonsignificant findings, I discussed several theoretical and methodological factors that limit previous literature and this present thesis at the end which should be taken into consideration in future studies.
(1103) Alexander Morrison
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Frobenius manifolds on orbits spaces
Creators: name: Al-Maamari, Zainab
name: Dinar, Yassir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53D45, 16W22, 57R18, 14B05

description: The orbits space of an irreducible linear representation of a finite group is a variety whose coordinate ring is the ring of invariant polynomials. Boris Dubrovin proved that the orbits space of the standard reflection representation of an irreducible finite Coxeter group $\mathcal W$ acquires a natural polynomial Frobenius manifold structure. We apply Dubrovin's method on various orbits spaces of linear representations of finite groups. We find some of them has non or several natural Frobenius manifold structures. On the other hand, these Frobenius manifold structures include rational and trivial structures which are not known to be related to the invariant theory of finite groups.
A first-order dynamical model of hierarchical triple stars and its application
Creators: name: Xu, Xingbo
name: Xia, Fang
name: Fu, Yanning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For most hierarchical triple stars, the classical double two-body model of zeroth-order cannot describe the motions of the components under the current observational accuracy. In this paper, Marchal's first-order analytical solution is implemented and a more efficient simplified version is applied to real triple stars. The results show that, for most triple stars, the proposed first-order model is preferable to the zeroth-order model both in fitting observational data and in predicting component positions.
Homoclinic accretion solutions in the Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter spacetime
Creators: name: Mach, Patryk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this paper is to clarify the distinction between homoclinic and standard (global) Bondi-type accretion solutions in the Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter spacetime. The homoclinic solutions have recently been discovered numerically for polytropic equations of state. Here I show that they exist also for certain isothermal (linear) equations of state, and an analytic solution of this type is obtained. It is argued that the existence of such solutions is generic, although for sufficiently relativistic matter models (photon gas, ultra-hard equation of state) there exist global solutions that can be continued to infinity, similarly to standard Michel's solutions in the Schwarzschild spacetime. In contrast to that global solutions should not exist for matter models with a non-vanishing rest-mass component, and this is demonstrated for polytropes. For homoclinic isothermal solutions I derive an upper bound on the mass of the black hole for which stationary transonic accretion is allowed.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Physical Review D
Full details on data collection methods and statistical analyses from Sun, age and test location affect spatial orientation in human foragers in rainforests.
Creators: name: Haneul Jang
name: Boesch, Christophe
name: Mundry, Roger
name: Vidrich Kandza
name: Janmaat, Karline R. L.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This file includes Supplementary Texts with full details on ethics statement, study population, statistical analyses for the main model and sub-models for different types of target locations, as well as on data collection methods and statistical analyses for daily range patterns. Supplementary Figures (S1, S2) and Supplementary Tables (S1 to S8) are attached. The file also includes Supplementary Reference.
Full details on data collection methods and statistical analyses from Sun, age and test location affect spatial orientation in human foragers in rainforests
Creators: name: Haneul Jang
name: Boesch, Christophe
name: Mundry, Roger
name: Vidrich Kandza
name: Janmaat, Karline R. L.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This file includes Supplementary Texts with full details on ethics statement, study population, statistical analyses for the main model and sub-models for different types of target locations, as well as on data collection methods and statistical analyses for daily range patterns. Supplementary Figures (S1, S2) and Supplementary Tables (S1 to S8) are attached. The file also includes Supplementary Reference.
Nonlinear Mixed-Effect Models for Prostate-Specific Antigen Kinetics and Link with Survival in the Context of Metastatic Prostate Cancer: a Comparison by Simulation of Two-Stage and Joint Approaches
Creators: name: Desmée, Soléne
name: Mentré, France
name: Veyrat-Follet, Christine
name: Guedj, Jérémie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) clinical trials, the assessment of treatment efficacy essentially relies on the time-to-death and the kinetics of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Joint modelling has been increasingly used to characterize the relationship between a time-to-event and a biomarker kinetics but numerical difficulties often limit this approach to linear models. Here we evaluated by simulation the capability of a new feature of the Stochastic Approximation Expectation-Maximization algorithm in Monolix to estimate the parameters of a joint model where PSA kinetics was defined by a mechanistic nonlinear mixed-effect model. The design of the study and the parameter values were inspired from one arm of a clinical trial. Increasingly high levels of association between PSA and survival were considered and results were compared with those found using two simplified alternatives to joint model, a two-stage and a joint sequential model. We found that joint model allowed for a precise estimation of all longitudinal and survival parameters. In particular the effect of PSA kinetics on survival could be precisely estimated, regardless of the strength of the association. In contrast, both simplified approaches led to bias on longitudinal parameters and two-stage model systematically underestimated the effect of PSA kinetics on survival. In summary we showed that joint model can be used to characterize the relationship between a nonlinear kinetics and survival. This opens the way for the use of more complex and physiological models to improve treatment evaluation and prediction in oncology.
description: The AAPS Journal, 2015, pp.1550-7416
(1104) Richard Gabriel Crews
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Advancing Research: Evaluating an Intervention to Challenge Negative Bias
Creators: name: Greene, Aislinn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: The stigma surrounding substance use disorder (SUD) directly affects the quality of nursing care and can result in delay of timely addiction treatment and rehabilitation for, patients suffering from these disorders (van Boekel et al., 2013; Hoggatt et al., 2019, p. 194). This study builds from and extends previous research to evaluate the impact of a video intervention on the attitudes of practicing nurses toward individuals with SUD. The video had previously been piloted with a group of undergraduate nursing students and showed strong efficacy but had not been tested in practicing nurses. The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast the results of the video intervention between students and practicing nurses. The video intervention was delivered online to Intermediate Coronary Care Unit (ICCU) nurses who have regular exposure to patients with SUDs. Participants completed a twelve-question retrospective pretest and posttest survey where they were asked to rate their degree of confidence in, assumptions about, and agreeance with a series of questions regarding substance use disorders and the patients who suffer from them. Results from the survey were contradictory in that participants indicated a positive perspective change on nine items and a negative change on three. The contradictory findings are difficult to interpret.  Some explanations include recruiting problems, low-level engagement in the learning experience, module delivery and testing methods, nurses experiencing Covid-19 burnout, to name a few. Or perhaps the intervention is more salient to nursing students than to nurses in practice.  Before drawing any conclusions about the broader efficacy of the intervention, more research is needed.  Given the importance of addressing the negative biases surrounding patients with SUD, it is critical for nurses and nurse educators to have effective interventions readily available for use.
A monogamy-of-entanglement game for subspace coset states
Creators: name: Culf, Eric
name: Vidick, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish a strong monogamy-of-entanglement property for subspace coset states, which are uniform superpositions of vectors in a linear subspace of $\mathbb{F}_2^n$ to which has been applied a quantum one-time pad. This property was conjectured recently by [Coladangelo, Liu, Liu, and Zhandry, Crypto'21] and shown to have applications to unclonable decryption and copy-protection of pseudorandom functions. We present two proofs, one which directly follows the method of the original paper and the other which uses an observation from [Vidick and Zhang, Eurocrypt'20] to reduce the analysis to a simpler monogamy game based on BB'84 states. Both proofs ultimately rely on the same proof technique, introduced in [Tomamichel, Fehr, Kaniewski and Wehner, New Journal of Physics '13].
description: v5: 13 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in Quantum
Physics of beam self-modulation in plasma wakefield accelerators
Creators: name: Lotov, K. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The self-modulation instability is a key effect that makes possible the usage of nowadays proton beams as drivers for plasma wakefield acceleration. Development of the instability in uniform plasmas and in plasmas with a small density up-step is numerically studied with the focus at nonlinear stages of beam evolution. The step parameters providing the strongest established wakefield are found, and the mechanism of stable bunch train formation is identified.
description: 13 pages, 15 figures
Data Accesibility Web WoS bibliometric.xlsx
Creators: name: Stable Rodriguez, Yudayly
name: Ortiz Núñez, Roelvis
name: Alvarez Calderón, Ernest
name: Laitano, Maria Inés
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Informetrics

description: This data presents an analysis of the scientific production on web accessibility available in the Web of Science in the period 2000-2020. 662 documents were found by 1,416 authors from 523 institutions.
Inflationary perturbations in bimetric gravity
Creators: name: Cusin, Giulia
name: Durrer, Ruth
name: Guarato, Pietro
name: Motta, Mariele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the generation of primordial perturbations in a cosmological setting of bigravity during inflation. We consider a model of bigravity which can reproduce the $Λ$CDM background and large scale structure and a simple model of inflation with a single scalar field and a quadratic potential. Reheating is implemented with a toy-model in which the energy density of the inflaton is entirely dissipated into radiation. We present analytic and numerical results for the evolution of primordial perturbations in this cosmological setting. We find that the amplitude of tensor perturbations generated during inflation is sufficiently suppressed to avoid the effects of the tensor instability discovered in Refs.[1,2] which develops during the cosmological evolution in the physical sector. We argue that from a pure analysis of the tensor perturbations this bigravity model is compatible with present observations. However, we derive rather stringent limits on inflation from the vector and scalar sectors.
description: 21 pages, 28 figures
Supplementary Text from Light pollution increases West Nile virus competence of a ubiquitous passerine reservoir species.
Creators: name: Kernbach, Meredith E.
name: Newhouse, Daniel J.
name: Miller, Jeanette M.
name: Hall, Richard J.
name: Gibbons, Justin
name: Oberstaller, Jenna
name: Selechnik, Daniel
name: Rays H. Y. Jiang
name: Unnasch, Thomas R.
name: Balakrishnan, Christopher N.
name: Martin, Lynn B.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplementary methods and analyses with figures S1 through S6 and tables S1 through S12.
The two-, three- and four-gluon sector of QCD in the Landau gauge
Creators: name: Binosi, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to the nonperturbative masslessness of the ghost field, ghost loops that contribute to gluon Green's functions in the Landau gauge display infrared divergences, akin to those one would encounter in a conventional perturbative treatment. This is in sharp contrast with gluon loops, in which the perturbative divergences are tamed by the dynamical generation of a gluon mass acting as an effective infrared cutoff. In this paper, after reviewing the full nonperturbative origin of this divergence in the two-gluon sector, we discuss its implications for the three- and four-gluon sector, showing in particular that some of the form factors characterizing the corresponding Green's functions are bound to diverge in the infrared.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures. Talk given at Discrete 2014 - Fourth Symposium on Prospects in the Physics of Discrete Symmetries. 2-6 December, 2014 - King's College, London, England
Cosmogenic neutrinos and ultra-high energy cosmic ray models
Creators: name: Aloisio, R.
name: Boncioli, D.
name: di Matteo, A
name: Grillo, A. F.
name: Petrera, S.
name: Salamida, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use an updated version of {\it SimProp}, a Monte Carlo simulation scheme for the propagation of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, to compute cosmogenic neutrino fluxes expected on Earth in various scenarios. These fluxes are compared with the newly detected IceCube events at PeV energies and with recent experimental limits at EeV energies of the Pierre Auger Observatory. This comparison allows us to draw some interesting conclusions about the source models for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We will show how the available experimental observations are almost at the level of constraining such models, mainly in terms of the injected chemical composition and cosmological evolution of sources. The results presented here will also be important in the evaluation of the discovery capabilities of the future planned ultra-high energy cosmic ray and neutrino observatories.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, some reference added, version accepted for publication in JCAP
(1101) Charles Appleton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(1102) John Kitchen
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Low Background Micromegas in CAST
Creators: name: Garza, J. G.
name: Aune, S.
name: Calvet, D.
name: Castel, J. F.
name: Christensen, F. E.
name: Dafni, T.
name: Davenport, M.
name: Decker, T.
name: Ferrer-Ribas, E.
name: Galán, J.
name: García, J. A.
name: Giomataris, I.
name: Hill, R. M.
name: Iguaz, F. J.
name: Irastorza, I. G.
name: Jakobsen, A. C.
name: Jourde, D.
name: Mirallas, H.
name: Ortega, I.
name: Papaevangelou, T.
name: Pivovaroff, M. J.
name: Ruz, J.
name: Tomás, A.
name: Vafeiadis, T.
name: Vogel, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar axions could be converted into x-rays inside the strong magnetic field of an axion helioscope, triggering the detection of this elusive particle. Low background x-ray detectors are an essential component for the sensitivity of these searches. We report on the latest developments of the Micromegas detectors for the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST), including technological pathfinder activities for the future International Axion Observatory (IAXO). The use of low background techniques and the application of discrimination algorithms based on the high granularity of the readout have led to background levels below 10$^{-6}$ counts/keV/cm$^2$/s, more than a factor 100 lower than the first generation of Micromegas detectors. The best levels achieved at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC) are as low as 10$^{-7}$ counts/keV/cm$^2$/s, showing good prospects for the application of this technology in IAXO. The current background model, based on underground and surface measurements, is presented, as well as the strategies to further reduce the background level. Finally, we will describe the R&D paths to achieve sub-keV energy thresholds, which could broaden the physics case of axion helioscopes.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, Large TPC Conference 2014, Paris
PROFESSIONAL SUCCESS OF SOUTH ASIANS IN THE UNITED-STATES: QUALITATIVE EVIDENCE FOR THE IMPACT OF PREJUDICE
Creators: name: Anand, Riya
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: South Asians are the most successful Asian subgroup in attaining higher-level leadership positions but also face the most prejudice at the workplace. The purpose of this exploratory study is to understand whether and how the prejudice that South Asians face at the workplace affects their professional success. This study consisted of a thematic analysis of interviews with 20 South Asian professionals regarding their professional experience. The thematic analysis presented three themes: (a) South Asians perceive higher-level leadership positions as filled by Caucasians and believe that South Asians are mostly limited to technical roles, (b) First-Generation American South Asians prefer technical roles and feel excluded at their workplace, and (c) Second-Generation American South Asians are more comfortable in non-technical roles and do not feel excluded at their workplace because of their race. These themes suggest systemic inequalities in place for South Asians and the preference for assimilation over diversity.
Defect reconstruction in a 2D semi-analytical waveguide model via derivative-based optimization
Creators: name: Bulling, Jannis
name: Jurgelucks, Benjamin
name: Prager, Jens
name: Walther, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M32

description: This paper considers the reconstruction of a defect in a two-dimensional waveguide during non-destructive ultrasonic inspection using a derivative-based optimization approach. The propagation of the mechanical waves is simulated by the Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method (SBFEM) that builds on a semi-analytical approach. The simulated data is then fitted to a given set of data describing the reflection of a defect to be reconstructed. For this purpose, we apply an iteratively regularized Gauss-Newton method in combination with algorithmic differentiation to provide the required derivative information accurately and efficiently. We present numerical results for three different kinds of defects, namely a crack, a delamination, and a corrosion. These examples show that the parameterization of the defect can be reconstructed efficiently and robustly in the presence of noise.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures
Dual Dirac liquid on the surface of the electron topological insulator
Creators: name: Wang, Chong
name: Senthil, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a non-fermi liquid gapless metallic surface state of the topological band insulator. It has an odd number of gapless Dirac fermions coupled to a non-compact U(1) gauge field. This can be viewed as a vortex dual to the conventional Dirac fermion surface state. This surface duality is a reflection of a bulk dual description discussed recently for the gauged topological insulator. All the other known surface states can be conveniently accessed from the dual Dirac liquid, including the surface quantum hall state, the Fu-Kane superconductor, the gapped symmetric topological order and the "composite Dirac liquid". We also discuss the physical properties of the dual Dirac liquid, and its connection to the half-filled Landau level.
description: 5+2 pages
Simulación Virtual, Barreras Lingüísticas, y Violencia Doméstica: An Interdisciplinary Exploration of the Efficacy of XR in the Context of Language Barriers and Domestic Violence
Creators: name: Madison Wiedeman
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: An interdisciplinary analysis of the potential of XR to alleviate the obstacles caused by language barriers for the Latinx immigrant domestic violence survivor population in the United States.
L’Astrotombola. Come scoprire l’Universo giocando
Creators: name: ZAGGIA, Simone
name: DI GIACOMO, FEDERICO
name: GULLIEUSZIK, MARCO
Publisher: name: O.A. Padova
Year: 2023

description: Nel 2013, in occasione della Notte Europea dei Ricercatori, gli astronomi dell’INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova hanno reinterpretato il classico gioco della tombola in chiave astronomica. Infatti, ai classici 90 numeri, ridotti a 50 in questa versione, sono state associate bellissime immagini astronomiche di stelle, pianeti, galassie oltre ai più importanti telescopi del globo. Il tutto è stato possibile grazie alla realizzazione di un software ad hoc, che ha permesso non solo di produrre diversi modelli sia del tabellone che delle cartella da gioco ma anche di personalizzarli a seconda delle esigenze e delle tematiche affrontate (astronomia, astrobiologia ecc..). Questo, semplice e divertente gioco tradizionale, rivolto principalmente a bambini e bambine dai 6 ai 12 anni, si pone come obiettivo quello di far crescere nei ragazzi una maggiore consapevolezza dell'importanza dello sviluppo scientifico per la società, facendo leva principalmente sul fascino dell’astronomia. Dalla sua realizzazione l’astrotombola, è stata utilizzata in diverse manifestazioni sia a livello locale (Notte dei Ricercatori, sperimentando, Asiago da Fabia, ecc) che a livello internazionale (BEACON Conference) riscuotendo sempre grandissimo successo.
Finding Affordability: Transit Corridor Geographies and Efforts to Preserve Naturally Occurring Affordable Housing
Creators: name: Morin, Luke
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: In the United States, the majority of affordable housing is unprotected by subsidies or set-asides, yet relatively little emphasis is placed on preserving the affordability of this “Naturally Occurring Affordable Housing” (NOAH). Additionally, the analyses which have been conducted to preserve NOAH along transit investments have been studied at the transit corridor geography. Charlotte, North Carolina, one the fastest growing cities in the United States, is currently in the midst of implementing a major transit plan throughout multiple corridors in the metropolitan region. These growth characteristics make Charlotte an especially useful case study in how NOAH preservation efforts are impacted by new transit investments. Utilizing statistical and spatial analytical methods, this study explores how NOAH preservation analyses differ when executed at both the transit corridor geography and the Block Group geography. Results from these analyses indicate that a more granular geography enables the identification of neighborhoods which are best-fit to preserve NOAH. Following a comparison of the outputs of these analyses, recommendations are outlined which suggest that transportation and housing professionals be more critical of the geography they utilize when developing transit corridor plans. Finally, the discussion concludes with an appeal to transit corridor planners by encouraging them to prioritize NOAH preservation strategies that enable low- and middle-income families to thrive in transit-oriented communities.
(1100) George Albert Bew
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary Text from Light pollution increases West Nile virus competence of a ubiquitous passerine reservoir species
Creators: name: Kernbach, Meredith E.
name: Newhouse, Daniel J.
name: Miller, Jeanette M.
name: Hall, Richard J.
name: Gibbons, Justin
name: Oberstaller, Jenna
name: Selechnik, Daniel
name: Rays H. Y. Jiang
name: Unnasch, Thomas R.
name: Balakrishnan, Christopher N.
name: Martin, Lynn B.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplementary methods and analyses with figures S1 through S6 and tables S1 through S12.
Collecting Use Cases Information: Method and Template for Physical Science for the OpenPOWER Foundation
Creators: name: BULGARELLI, ANDREA
name: Gregori, Daniele
name: FIORETTI, Valentina
name: Pleiter, Dirk
Publisher: name: OAS Bologna
Year: 2023

description: The main purpose of this Note is to define a method and a template to collect Physical Science use cases from scientists and research engineers working on Physical Science projects in the context and within the scope of the OpenPOWER Foundation for Physical Science Workgroup. An effective method (shared between all stakeholders) could contribute to • understand the workflow, starting with user expectations; • help Physical Science projects maintain costs within a chosen envelope; • map the functionalities to the scientific requirements; • remove possible misunderstanding between the scientific community and ICT stakeholders.
The impact of COVID-19 on food security and diet patterns in the Galápagos, Ecuador: quantitative and qualitative analysis
Creators: name: Sally Kuehn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: The geographic isolation and tourist-driven economy of the Galápagos Islands make them a unique case study for research on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on diet patterns and food security. This study uses quantitative and qualitative methods to describe pre- and post-COVID diet patterns among residents of San Cristóbal Island, evaluate pre- and post-COVID levels of household food insecurity on San Cristóbal, investigate the association between diet diversity and household food insecurity, and assess perceived COVID-related barriers to food access in the Galápagos, as well as strategies used to overcome them. Results show that pre-COVID dietary intake of micronutrient-rich foods was very low across the population, though only about one third of households was experiencing any degree of food insecurity. Qualitative interviews suggest that COVID has significantly worsened household food insecurity on San Cristóbal by reducing the availability of foods on the island and by heightening the economic burden on households.
SIPGI Documentation
Creators: name: GARGIULO, ADRIANA
name: FUMANA, Marco
name: GARILLI, Bianca Maria Rosa
name: FRANZETTI, PAOLO
name: BISOGNI, Susanna
name: SCODEGGIO, MARCO
Publisher: name: IASF Milano
Year: 2023

description: We present Sipgi, a spectroscopic pipeline to reduce optical/near-infrared data from slit-based spectrographs. Sipgi is a complete spectroscopic data reduction environment, which retains the high level of flexibility and accuracy typical of the standard ‘by-hand’ reduction methods but is characterized by a significantly higher level of efficiency. The current version of Sipgi manages data from the MODS and LUCI spectrographs mounted at the Large Binocular Telescope.