cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Active Learning for Human Protein-Protein Interaction Prediction
Creators: name: Thahir P. Mohamed
name: Carbonell, Jaime G.
name: Ganapathiraju, Madhavi K.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background: Biological processes in cells are carried out by means of protein protein interactions. Determining whether a pair of proteins interacts by wet-lab experiments is resource-intensive; only about 38,000 interactions, out of a few hundred thousand expected interactions, are known today. Active machine learning can guide the selection of pairs of proteins for future experimental characterization in order to accelerate accurate prediction of the human protein interactome. Results: Random forest (RF) has previously been shown to be effective for predicting proteinprotein interactions. Here, four different active learning algorithms have been devised for selection of protein pairs to be used to train the RF. With labels of as few as 500 protein-pairs selected using any of the four active learning methods described here, the classifier achieved a higher F-score (harmonic mean of Precision and Recall) than with 3000 randomly chosen protein-pairs. F-score of predicted interactions is shown to increase by about 15% with active learning in comparison to that with random selection of data. Conclusion: Active learning algorithms enable learning more accurate classifiers with much lesser labelled data and prove to be useful in applications where manual annotation of data is formidable. Active learning techniques demonstrated here can also be applied to other proteomics applications such as protein structure prediction and classification.
FairPilot: Automated Hyperparameter Optimization Through The Lens Of Fairness
Creators: name: Di Carlo, Francesco
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024

description: Despite the potential benefits of machine learning in high-risk decision-making domains, the deployment of ML is not accessible to practitioners, and there is a risk of discrimination. To establish trust and acceptance of ML in such domains, democratizing ML tools and fairness consideration are crucial. For this reason, I introduce FairPilot, an interactive system designed to promote the responsible development of ML models by exploring a combination of various models, different hyperparameters, and a wide range of fairness definitions. FairPilot allows users to select a set of evaluation criteria and then displays the Pareto frontier of models and hyperparameters as an interactive map. FairPilot is the first system to combine these features, offering a unique opportunity for users to responsibly choose their model.
Quantum Circuit Learning
Creators: name: Mitarai, Kosuke
name: Negoro, Makoto
name: Kitagawa, Masahiro
name: Fujii, Keisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a classical-quantum hybrid algorithm for machine learning on near-term quantum processors, which we call quantum circuit learning. A quantum circuit driven by our framework learns a given task by tuning parameters implemented on it. The iterative optimization of the parameters allows us to circumvent the high-depth circuit. Theoretical investigation shows that a quantum circuit can approximate nonlinear functions, which is further confirmed by numerical simulations. Hybridizing a low-depth quantum circuit and a classical computer for machine learning, the proposed framework paves the way toward applications of near-term quantum devices for quantum machine learning.
The EPR experiment in the energy-based stochastic reduction framework
Creators: name: Silman, J.
name: Machnes, S.
name: Shnider, S.
name: Horwitz, L. P.
name: Belenkiy, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the EPR experiment in the energy-based stochastic reduction framework. A gedanken set up is constructed to model the interaction of the particles with the measurement devices. The evolution of particles' density matrix is analytically derived. We compute the dependence of the disentanglement rate on the parameters of the model, and study the dependence of the outcome probabilities on the noise trajectories. Finally, we argue that these trajectories can be regarded as non-local hidden variables.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Asymmetric information capacities of reciprocal pairs of quantum channels
Creators: name: Rosati, Matteo
name: Giovannetti, Vittorio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reciprocal pairs of quantum channels are defined as completely positive transformations which admit a rigid, distance-preserving, yet not completely-positive transformation that allows to reproduce the outcome of one from the corresponding outcome of the other. From a classical perspective these transmission lines should exhibit the same communication efficiency. This is no longer the case in the quantum setting: explicit asymmetric behaviours are reported studying the classical communication capacities of reciprocal pairs of depolarizing and Weyl-covariant channels.
description: 7+3 pages; 5 figures
The von Neumann Hierarchy for Correlation Operators of Quantum Many-Particle Systems
Creators: name: Gerasimenko, V. I.
name: Shtyk, V. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Cauchy problem for the von Neumann hierarchy of nonlinear equations is investigated. One describes the evolution of all possible states of quantum many-particle systems by the correlation operators. A solution of such nonlinear equations is constructed in the form of an expansion over particle clusters whose evolution is described by the corresponding order cumulant (semi-invariant) of evolution operators for the von Neumann equations. For the initial data from the space of sequences of trace class operators the existence of a strong and a weak solution of the Cauchy problem is proved. We discuss the relationships of this solution both with the $s$-particle statistical operators, which are solutions of the BBGKY hierarchy, and with the $s$-particle correlation operators of quantum systems.
description: 26 pages
Fluctuating charge density waves in the Hubbard model
Creators: name: Sherman, A.
name: Schreiber, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The charge susceptibility of the two-dimensional repulsive Hubbard model is investigated using the diagram technique developed for the case of strong correlations. In this technique, a power series in the hopping constant is used. It is shown that once the Fermi level crosses one of the Hubbard subbands a sharp peak appears in the momentum dependence of the static susceptibility. With further departure from half-filling the peak transforms to a ridge around the $Γ$ point. In the considered range $0\leq|1-\bar{n}|\alt 0.2$ of the electron filling $\bar{n}$ the static susceptibility is finite which points to the absence of the long-range charge ordering. However, for $|1-\bar{n}|\approx 0.12$ the susceptibility maxima are located halfway between the center and the boundaries of the Brillouin zone. In this case an interaction of carriers with tetragonal distortions can stabilize the charge density wave with the wavelength of four lattice spacings, as observed experimentally in the low-temperature tetragonal phase of lanthanum cuprates. In the range of parameters inherent in cuprate perovskites the character of the susceptibility evolution with $\bar{n}$ depends only weakly on the ratio of the nearest-neighbor hopping constant to the Hubbard repulsion and on details of the initial band structure. The location of the susceptibility maxima in the Brillouin zone is mainly determined by the value of $\bar{n}$.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Active Learning and Crowd-Sourcing for Machine Translation
Creators: name: Vamshi  Ambati
name: Vogel, Stephan
name: Carbonell, Jaime G.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, corpus based approaches to machine translation have become predominant, with Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) being the most actively progressing area. Success of these approaches depends on the availability of parallel corpora. In this paper we propose Active Crowd Translation (ACT), a new paradigm where active learning and crowd-sourcing come together to enable automatic translation for low-resource language pairs. Active learning aims at reducing cost of label acquisition by prioritizing the most informative data for annotation, while crowd-sourcing reduces cost by using the power of the crowds to make do for the lack of expensive language experts. We experiment and compare our active learning strategies with strong baselines and see significant improvements in translation quality. Similarly, our experiments with crowd-sourcing on Mechanical Turk have shown that it is possible to create parallel corpora using non-experts and with sufficient quality assurance, a translation system that is trained using this corpus approaches expert quality.
State aid, sustainable management of natural sites and services of general economic interest
Creators: name: Gronden, Johan W. Van De
Publisher: name: Market and Competition Law Review
Year: 2024

description: Part of the Green Deal policy of the EU is the restoration of nature. This policy is not new as Directive 92/43 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild flora and fauna has already resulted in the designation of special areas of nature conservation. Recently, the draft regulation on nature restoration was adopted after a heated debate in both the European Parliament and the Council. It is clear from the outset that the need to protect natural sites is high on the agenda of the EU. The Member States are responsible for implementing the EU rules on the management of natural sites. It goes without saying that this implementation will trigger huge investments by these States. This raises issues of EU State aid law: if entities engaged in economic activities receive funding with a view to the management of natural sites, it has to be examined whether this is in line with Articles 107-109 TFEU. In this paper it will be explored whether the concept of Services of General Economic Interest (SGEI) is capable of accommodating nature management concerns in the application of the EU State aid rules. This concept has been used for striking a balance between the necessity to ensure undistorted competition in the EU internal market and various public interest policies. It will be argued that on the basis of arguments derived from ecological solidarity and ecological heritage, the management of natural sites may be designated as a SGEI mission. However, in this regard, it is of great interest to acknowledge that this management consists of three categories of activities: 1) the acquisition of natural sites (in order to make the management of natural sites possible), 2) nature conservation (aimed at the preservation and protection of natural sites), and 3) exploitation of natural sites (such as the selling of wood and touristic activities). The current approach developed in the decisional practice of the Commission and the case law of the Union Courts do not pay due consideration to the special characteristics of these activities and, as a result, it suffers from conceptual problems. This prevents EU Member States from financing projects geared towards the sustainable exploitation of natural sites. In this contribution, an alternative approach will be developed in order to do justice to the wide variety of nature management activities. Such an approach could contribute to the attainment of the Green Deal goals.
description: Market and Competition Law Review, v. 8 n. 2 (2024)
title: ORGANIC-MOLECULES IN THE GAS-PHASE OF DENSE INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS
Creators: name: Irvine, William M.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics and Astronomy

description: The published version is located at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V3S-3XG1XRC-1N&_user=1516330&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F1995&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1746058943&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000053443&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1516330&md5=91d84c021d6ebde0530cbd917cee85b4&searchtype=a
description: Since a previous COSPAR review on this subject, the number of molecular species identified by astronomers in dense interstellar clouds or in the envelopes expelled by evolved stars has grown from about eighty to approximately one hundred. Recent detections in stellar envelopes include the radical CP, the second phosphorus-containing astronomical molecule; SiN, the first astronomical molecule with a Si---N bond; and the HCCN radical. In the dense interstellar clouds recent detections or verifications of previous possible identifications include the H3O+ ion, which is a critical intermediary in the production of H2O and O2; the CCO radical, which is isoelectronic with HCCN; the SO+ ion, which appears to be diagnostic of shock chemistry; two new isomers of cyanoacetylene, HCCNC and CCCNH; and the two cumulenes H2C3 and H2C4. Some recent work is also described on the mapping of interstellar clouds in multiple molecular transitions in order to separate variations in chemical abundance from gradients in physical parameters.
Active handheld instrument for error compensation in microsurgery
Creators: name: Riviere, Cameron N.
name: Khosla, Pradeep
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Physiological hand tremor and other manual positioning errors limit precision in microsurgical procedures. Our research has involved development of adaptive algorithms and neural network methods for real-time compensation of such errors. This paper presents a novel design for an active hand-held microsurgical instrument to implement these algorithms, particularly during vitreoretinal microsurgery. The basic vitreoretinal instrument consists of a handle fitted with a narrow intraocular shaft to provide access to the interior of the eye. In our design, the instrument handle incorporates six-degree-of-freedom inertial sensing to determine the three-dimensional position of the instrument tip. The intraocular shaft is attached to the instrument handle via a miniature parallel manipulator with three degrees of freedom, controlled by three piezoelectric elements. The manipulator actuates the intraocular shaft in pitch, yaw, and axial extension, allowing the system to perform active compensation of errors in the position of the tip of the intraocular shaft. The paper includes the formulation of the inverse kinematics of the instrument in a manner suitable for online computation. A discussion of practical design considerations and the methods and results of preliminary experiments are also presented.
Quantum codes from classical graphical models
Creators: name: Roffe, Joschka
name: Zohren, Stefan
name: Horsman, Dominic
name: Chancellor, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new graphical framework for designing quantum error correction codes based on classical principles. A key feature of this graphical language, over previous approaches, is that it is closely related to that of factor graphs or graphical models in classical information theory and machine learning. It enables us to formulate the description of the recently-introduced `coherent parity check' quantum error correction codes entirely within the language of classical information theory. This makes our construction accessible without requiring background in quantum error correction or even quantum mechanics in general. More importantly, this allows for a collaborative interplay where one can design new quantum error correction codes derived from classical codes.
description: Accepted for publication (20/08/2019) in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Infinite coherence time of edge spins in finite-length chains
Creators: name: Maceira, Ivo
name: Mila, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent observation that exponentially long coherence times can be achieved for edge spins in models with strong zero modes, we study the impact of level crossings in finite-length spin chains on the dynamics of the edge spins. Focussing on the XY spin-1=2 chain with transverse or longitudinal magnetic field, two models relevant to understand recent experimental results on cobalt adatoms, we show that the edge spins can remain coherent for an infinite time even for a finite-length chain if the magnetic field is tuned to a value at which there is a level crossing. Furthermore, we show that the edge spins remain coherent for any initial state for the integrable case of transverse field because all states have level crossings at the same value of the field, while the coherence time is increasingly large for lower temperatures in the case of longitudinal field, which is non-integrable.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Active Elicitation of Data for Word Alignment
Creators: name: Vamshi  Ambati
name: Vogel, Stephan
name: Carbonell, Jaime G.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Semi-supervised word alignment aims to improve the accuracy of automatic word alignment by incorporating full or partial manual alignments. Motivated by standard active learning query sampling frameworks like uncertainty-, margin- and query-by-committee sampling we propose multiple query strategies for the alignment link selection task. Our experiments show that by active selection of uncertain and informative links, we reduce the overall manual effort involved in elicitation of alignment link data for training a semisupervised word aligner.
Nuclear PDFs from neutrino deep inelastic scattering
Creators: name: Schienbein, I.
name: Yu, J. Y.
name: Keppel, C.
name: Morfin, J. G.
name: Olness, Fredrick I.
name: Owens, J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study nuclear effects in charged current deep inelastic neutrino-iron scattering in the frame-work of a chi^2 analysis of parton distribution functions. We extract a set of iron PDFs and show that under reasonable assumptions it is possible to constrain the valence, light sea and strange quark distributions. Our iron PDFs are used to compute x_{Bj}-dependent and Q^2-dependent nuclear correction factors for iron structure functions which are required in global analyses of free nucleon PDFs. We compare our results with nuclear correction factors from neutrino-nucleus scattering models and correction factors for charged lepton-iron scattering. We find that, except for very high x_{Bj}, our correction factors differ in both shape and magnitude from the correction factors of the models and charged-lepton scattering.
description: 25 pages, 10 figures; minor updates to match published version
The geometry of the flex locus of a hypersurface
Creators: name: Busé, Laurent
name: D'Andrea, Carlos
name: Sombra, Martin
name: Weimann, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J70, 13P15

description: We give a formula in terms of multidimensional resultants for an equation for the flex locus of a projective hypersurface, generalizing a classical result of Salmon for surfaces. Using this formula, we compute the dimension of this flex locus, and an upper bound for the degree of its defining equations. We also show that, when the hypersurface is generic, this bound is reached, and that the generic flex line is unique and has the expected order of contact with the hypersurface.
description: 16 pages. This paper has been accepted for publication in the Pacific Journal of Mathematics
Global dynamical model of the cardiovascular system
Creators: name: Kholodov, A. S.
name: Simakov, S. S.
name: Kholodov, Y. A.
name: Nadolsky, A. A.
name: Shushlebin, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Blood system functions are very diverse and important for most processes in human organism. One of its primary functions is matter transport among different parts of the organism including tissue supplying with oxygen, carbon dioxide excretion, drug propagation etc. Forecasting of these processes under normal conditions and in the presence of different pathologies like atherosclerosis, loss of blood, anatomical abnormalities, pathological changing in chemical transformations and others is significant issue for many physiologists. In this connection should be pointed out that global processes are of special interest as they include feedbacks and interdependences among different regions of the organism. Thus the main goal of this work is to develop the model allowing to describe effectively blood flow in the whole organism. As we interested in global processes the models of the four vascular trees (arterial and venous parts of systemic and pulmonary circulation) must be closed with heart and peripheral circulation models. As one of the model applications the processes of the blood loss is considered in the end of the paper.
Achieving Quality Software: Reflections on the Aims and Objectives of Alphard
Creators: name: Wulf, William A.
name: Shaw, Mary
name: London, Ralph L.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The design of the Alphard language responded to concerns from several areas, including programming methodology, specification and verification, and object code efficiency. There is often tension among these concerns, with different concerns favoring different language decisions. This paper describes the interaction of the three concerns in the language design and in particular in the design of the iteration facility.
Report on an all-sky LIGO search for periodic gravitational waves in the S4 data
Creators: name: Sintes, Alicia M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1000 Hz and having a negative frequency time derivative with magnitude between zero and $10^{-8}$ Hz/s. Data from the fourth LIGO science run have been used in this search. Three different semi-coherent methods of summing strain power were applied. Observing no evidence for periodic gravitational radiation, we report upper limits on strain amplitude and interpret these limits to constrain radiation from rotating neutron stars.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, presented at Amaldi7, Sydney (July 2007)
Breakthrough revisited: investigating the requirements for growth of dust beyond the bouncing barrier
Creators: name: Booth, Richard A.
name: Meru, Farzana
name: Lee, Man Hoi
name: Clarke, Cathie J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For grain growth to proceed effectively and lead to planet formation a number of barriers to growth must be overcome. One such barrier, relevant for compact grains in the inner regions of the disc, is the `bouncing barrier' in which large grains ($\sim$ mm size) tend to bounce off each other rather than sticking. However, by maintaining a population of small grains it has been suggested that cm-size particles may grow rapidly by sweeping up these small grains. We present the first numerically resolved investigation into the conditions under which grains may be lucky enough to grow beyond the bouncing barrier by a series of rare collisions leading to growth (so-called `breakthrough'). Our models support previous results, and show that in simple models breakthrough requires the mass ratio at which high velocity collisions transition to growth instead of causing fragmentation to be low, $ϕ\lesssim 50$. However, in models that take into account the dependence of the fragmentation threshold on mass-ratio, we find breakthrough occurs more readily, even if mass transfer is relatively inefficient. This suggests that bouncing may only slow down growth, rather than preventing growth beyond a threshold barrier. However, even when growth beyond the bouncing barrier is possible, radial drift will usually prevent growth to arbitrarily large sizes.
description: 15 pages, 12 Figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Achieving k-anonymity privacy protection using generalization and suppression
Creators: name: Sweeney, Latanya
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Often a data holder, such as a hospital or bank, needs to share person-specific records in such a way that the identities of the individuals who are the subjects of the data cannot be determined. One way to achieve this is to have the released records adhere to k-anonymity, which means each released record has at least (k-1) other records in the release whose values are indistinct over those fields that appear in external data. So, k-anonymity provides privacy protection by guaranteeing that each released record will relate to at least k individuals even if the records are directly linked to external information. This paper provides a formal presentation of combining generalization and suppression to achieve k-anonymity. Generalization involves replacing (or recoding) a value with a less specific but semantically consistent value. Suppression involves not releasing a value at all. The Preferred Minimal Generalization Algorithm (MinGen), which is a theoretical algorithm presented herein, combines these techniques to provide k-anonymity protection with minimal distortion. The real-world algorithms Datafly and m-Argus are compared to MinGen. Both Datafly and m-Argus use heuristics to make approximations, and so, they do not always yield optimal results. It is shown that Datafly can over distort data and m-Argus can additionally fail to provide adequate protection.
Accelerated Gradient Method for Multi-Task Sparse Learning Problems
Creators: name: Chen, Xi
name: Weike  Pan
name: Kwok, James T.
name: Carbonell, Jaime G.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many real world learning problems can be recast as multi-task learning problems which utilize correlations among different tasks to obtain better generalization performance than learning each task individually. The feature selection problem in multi-task setting has many applications in fields of computer vision, text classification and bio-informatics. Generally, it can be realized by solving a L-1-infinity regularized optimization problem. And the solution automatically yields the joint sparsity among different tasks. However, due to the nonsmooth nature of the L-1-infinity norm, there lacks an efficient training algorithm for solving such problem with general convex loss functions. In this paper, we propose an accelerated gradient method based on an “optimal” first order black-box method named after Nesterov and provide the convergence rate for smooth convex loss functions. For nonsmooth convex loss functions, such as hinge loss, our method still has fast convergence rate empirically. Moreover, by exploiting the structure of the L-1-infinity ball, we solve the black-box oracle in Nesterov’s method by a simple sorting scheme. Our method is suitable for large-scale multi-task learning problem since it only utilizes the first order information and is very easy to implement. Experimental results show that our method significantly outperforms the most state-of-the-art methods in both convergence speed and learning accuracy.
Compton thick AGN in the NuSTAR era
Creators: name: Marchesi, Stefano
name: Ajello, Marco
name: Marcotulli, Lea
name: Comastri, Andrea
name: Lanzuisi, Giorgio
name: Vignali, Cristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the 2-100 keV spectral analysis of 30 candidate Compton thick (CT-) active galactic nuclei (AGN) selected in the Swift-BAT 100-month survey. The average redshift of these objects is $\langle z\rangle\sim$0.03 and they all lie within $\sim$500 Mpc. We used the MyTorus (Murphy et al. 2009) model to perform X-ray spectral fitting both without and with the contribution of the NuSTAR data in the 3-50 keV energy range. When the NuSTAR data are added to the fit, 14 out of 30 of these objects (47% of the whole sample) have intrinsic absorption N$_{\rm H}<10^{24}$ cm$^{-2}$ at the $>$3$σ$ confidence level, i.e., they are re-classified from Compton thick to Compton thin. Consequently, we infer an overall observed fraction of CT-AGN with respect to the whole AGN population lower than the one reported in previous works, and as low as $\sim$4%. We find evidence that this over-estimation of N$_{\rm H}$ is likely due to the low quality of a subsample of spectra, either in the 2-10 keV band or in the Swift-BAT one.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication on the Astrophysical Journal
title: Moving away from a one-size-fits-all approach when using prescribed ELT materials
Creators: name: Schwab, Susanna
Publisher: name: IATEFL
Year: 2024

description: During my IATEFL Conference talk, I first shared some findings from a recent research project (2018–2021) on teachers’ use of a prescribed textbook, before I continued with highlighting two findings that went beyond answering my research questions. For the research project, I investigated how primary school teachers use a prescribed textbook in Switzerland. To address the three sub-questions: 1) how teachers perceive their role using a mandated textbook; 2) to what extent teachers adhere to the textbook; and 3) which methods teachers employed to adapt the textbook, three main data-collection strategies were used: pre- and post-observation interviews; classroom observations; and document analysis.
Data analysis focused on six primary school teachers who taught the same unit of the textbook New World 1 (Arnet-Clark et al., 2013). To work their way through Unit 2, teachers used between 10 and 16 lessons and employed different teaching strategies. The unit consists of a total of 64 activities. One teacher used 45 activities unchanged, whereas the other five teachers employed between 24 and 28 activities unchanged. The activities that teachers left out most often led to the first finding that went beyond answering the research questions.
Impact of magnetic field on shear viscosity of quark matter in Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model
Creators: name: Ghosh, Sabyasachi
name: Chatterjee, Bhaswar
name: Mohanty, Payal
name: Mukharjee, Arghya
name: Mishra, Hiranmaya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated shear viscosity of quark matter in presence of a strong uniform magnetic field background where Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model has been considered to describe the magneto-thermodynamical properties of the medium. In presence of magnetic field, shear viscosity coefficient gets split into different components because of anisotropy in tangential stress of the fluid. Four different components can be merged to two components in limit of strong field, where collisional width of quark becomes much lower than its synchrotron frequency. A simplified contact diagram of quark-quark interaction can estimate a small collisional width, where strong field limit expressions are exactly applicable. Although, for RHIC or LHC matter, one can expect a large thermal width, for which generalized four components viscosities are necessary. We have explored these all different possible cases in the thermodynamical framework of Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model.
Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Brane Models
Creators: name: Horigome, Norio
name: Nishimura, Madoka
name: Tanii, Yoshiaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the chiral symmetry breaking in general intersecting Dq/Dp brane models consisting of N_c Dq-branes and a single Dp-brane with an s-dimensional intersection. There exists a QCD-like theory localized at the intersection and the Dq/Dp model gives a holographic description of it. The rotational symmetry of directions transverse to both of the Dq and Dp-branes can be identified with a chiral symmetry, which is non-Abelian for certain cases. The asymptotic distance between the Dq-branes and the Dp-brane corresponds to a quark mass. By studying the probe Dp-brane dynamics in a Dq-brane background in the near horizon and large N_c limit we find that the chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken and there appear (pseudo-)Nambu-Goldstone bosons. We also discuss the models at finite temperature.
description: 29pages, 14figures. v2: a reference added. v3: 27pages, 12figures, two references added, discussions on s=q configurations are corrected. v4: minor change in Sec.2
SN 2016X: A Type II-P Supernova with A Signature of Shock Breakout from Explosion of A Massive Red Supergiant
Creators: name: Huang, F.
name: Wang, X. -F.
name: Hosseinzadeh, G.
name: Brown, P. J.
name: Mo, J.
name: Zhang, J. -J.
name: Zhang, K. -C.
name: Zhang, T. -M.
name: Howell, D. -A.
name: Arcavi, I.
name: McCully, C.
name: Valenti, S.
name: Rui, L. -M.
name: Song, H.
name: Xiang, D. -F.
name: Li, W. -X.
name: Lin, H.
name: Wang, L. -F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present extensive ultraviolet (UV) and optical photometry, as well as dense optical spectroscopy for type II Plateau (IIP) supernova SN 2016X that exploded in the nearby ($\sim$ 15 Mpc) spiral galaxy UGC 08041. The observations span the period from 2 to 180 days after the explosion; in particular, the Swift UV data probably captured the signature of shock breakout associated with the explosion of SN 2016X. It shows very strong UV emission during the first week after explosion, with contribution of $\sim$ 20 -- 30% to the bolometric luminosity (versus $\lesssim$ 15% for normal SNe IIP). Moreover, we found that this supernova has an unusually long rise time of about 12.6 $\pm$ 0.5 days in the $R$ band (versus $\sim$ 7.0 days for typical SNe IIP). The optical light curves and spectral evolution are quite similar to the fast-declining type IIP object SN 2013ej, except that SN 2016X has a relatively brighter tail. Based on the evolution of photospheric temperature as inferred from the $Swift$ data in the early phase, we derive that the progenitor of SN 2016X has a radius of about 930 $\pm$ 70 R$_{\odot}$. This large-size star is expected to be a red supergiant star with an initial mass of $\gtrsim$ 19 -- 20 M$_{\odot}$ based on the mass $--$ radius relation of the Galactic red supergiants, and it represents one of the most largest and massive progenitors found for SNe IIP.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, MNRAS accepted
Abstractions for Software Architecture and Tools to Support Them
Creators: name: Shaw, Mary
name: DeLine, Robert
name: Klein, Daniel V.
name: Ross, Theodore L.
name: Young, David M.
name: Zelesnik, Gregory
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Architectures for software use rich abstractions and idioms to describe system components, the nature of interactions among the components, and the patterns that guide the composition of components into systems. These abstractions are higher-level than the elements usually supported by programming languages and tools. They capture packaging and interaction issues as well as computational functionality. Well-established (if informal) patterns guide architectural design of systems. We sketch a model for defining architectures and present an implementation of the basic level of that model. Our purpose is to support the abstractions used in practice by software designers. the implementation provides a testbed for experiments with a variety of system construction mechanisms. It distinguishes among different types of components and different ways these components can interact. It supports abstract interactions such as data flow and scheduling on the same footing as simple procedure call. It can express and check appropriate compatibility restrictions and configuration constraints. It accepts existing code as components, incurring no runtime overhead after initialization. It allows easy incorporation of specifications and associated analysis tools developed elsewhere. The implementation provides a base for extending the notation and validating the model.
Efficacy and safety of PD-1/L1 as first-line treatment for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma ineligible for platinum-based chemotherapy
Creators: name: 黄, 志龙
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320409
subject: Tumour immunology
classificationCode: 320402
subject: Applied immunology (incl. antibody engineering, xenotransplantation and t-cell therapies)
classificationCode: 320404
subject: Cellular immunology

description: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of PD-1/L1 inhibitors as first-line therapy in advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma ineligible for platinum-based chemotherapy.
title: ADCO, Neuvième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661 - 1684), Cart. 32 (G 136), 745 folios, f. 1460
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: cartulaire
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Neuvième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661 - 1684), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 32 (G 136), 745 folios, f. 1460, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Neuvième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661 - 1684), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 32 (G 136), 745 folios, f. 1460, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
Extrapolating quantum observables with machine learning: Inferring multiple phase transitions from properties of a single phase
Creators: name: Vargas-Hernández, Rodrigo A.
name: Sous, John
name: Berciu, Mona
name: Krems, Roman V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a machine-learning method for predicting sharp transitions in a Hamiltonian phase diagram by extrapolating the properties of quantum systems. The method is based on Gaussian Process regression with a combination of kernels chosen through an iterative procedure maximizing the predicting power of the kernels. The method is capable of extrapolating across the transition lines. The calculations within a given phase can be used to predict not only the closest sharp transition, but also a transition removed from the available data by a separate phase. This makes the present method particularly valuable for searching phase transitions in the parts of the parameter space that cannot be probed experimentally or theoretically.
description: 6 pages main text + 9 pages supplemental material, 4 figures main text + 5 figures supplemental material
Optical detection of single electron spin resonance in a quantum dot
Creators: name: Kroner, Martin
name: Weiss, Kathrina M.
name: Biedermann, Benjamin
name: Seidl, Stefan
name: Manus, Stefan
name: Holleitner, Alexander
name: Badolato, Antonio
name: Petroff, Pierre M.
name: Gerardot, Brian D.
name: Warburton, Richard J.
name: Karrai, Khaled
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate optically detected spin resonance of a single electron confined to a self-assembled quantum dot. The dot is rendered dark by resonant optical pumping of the spin with a coherent laser. Contrast is restored by applying a radio frequency (rf) magnetic field at the spin resonance. The scheme is sensitive even to rf fields of just a few micro-T. In one case, the spin resonance behaves exactly as a driven 3-level quantum system (a lambda-system) with weak damping. In another, the dot exhibits remarkably strong (67% signal recovery) and narrow (0.34 MHz) spin resonances with fluctuating resonant positions, evidence of unusual dynamic processes of non-Markovian character.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Abstractions and Implementations for Architectural Connections
Creators: name: Shaw, Mary
name: DeLine, Robert
name: Zelesnik, Gregory
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The architecture of a software system shows how the system is constructed from components. The properties of the system depend critically on the character of the interactions among the components. Although software designers have good informal abstractions for these interactions, the abstractions are poorly supported by the available languages and tools. UniCon provides a rich selection of abstractions for the connectors that mediate interactions among components. To create systems using the connector abstractions, you need to produce and integrate not only the object code for components, but also a variety of other run-time products. To extend the set of connectors supported by UniCon, you need to identify and isolate many kinds of information in the compiler, graphical editor, and associated tools. This paper describes the role of connector abstractions in software design, the connector abstractions currently supported by UniCon, and implementation issues associated with supporting an open-ended collection of connectors.
Noncommutative Network Models
Creators: name: Moeller, Joe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18D10 (Primary)

description: Network models, which abstractly are given by lax symmetric monoidal functors, are used to construct operads for modeling and designing complex networks. Many common types of networks can be modeled with simple graphs with edges weighted by a monoid. A feature of the ordinary construction of network models is that it imposes commutativity relations between all edge components. Because of this, it cannot be used to model networks with bounded degree. In this paper, we construct the free network model on a given monoid, which can model networks with bounded degree. To do this, we generalize Green's graph products of groups to pointed categories which are finitely complete and cocomplete.
description: 18 pages
The magnetic field structure in molecular cloud filaments
Creators: name: Gomez, Gilberto C.
name: Vazquez-Semadeni, Enrique
name: Zamora-Aviles, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the structure of magnetic field lines in and around filaments in simulations of molecular clouds undergoing global, multi-scale gravitational collapse. In these simulations, filaments are not in a static equilibrium, but are long-lived flow structures that accrete gas from their environment and direct it toward clumps embedded in the filament or at the nodes at the conjunction with other filaments. In this context, the magnetic field is dragged by the collapsing gas, so its structure must reflect the flow that generates the filament. Around the filament, the gas is accreted onto it, and the magnetic lines must then be perpendicular to the filament. As the gas density increases, the gas flow changes direction, becoming almost parallel to the filament, and magnetic lines also tend to align with it. At the spine of the filament, however, magnetic lines become perpendicular again since they must connect to lines on the opposite side of the filament, resulting in "U"-shaped magnetic structures, which tend to be stretched by the longitudinal flow along the filament. Magnetic diffusive processes, however, allow the gas to continue to flow. Assuming a stationary state in which the ram pressure of the flow balances the magnetic tension, the curvature of the field lines is determined by the diffusion rate. We derive an expression relating the curvature of the field lines to the diffusive coefficient, which may be used to observationally determine the nature of the diffusive process.
description: Submitted to MNRAS
title: OBSERVATIONS OF MOLECULAR ENVELOPES OF LATE-TYPE STARS - CRL-618, CRL-2688, CRL-3068, AND CIT-6
Creators: name: FUKASAKU, S
name: HIRAHARA, Y
name: MASUDA, A
name: KAWAGUCHI, K
name: ISHIKAWA, S
name: KAIFU, N
name: Irvine, William M.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: CIRCUMSTELLAR MATTER
subject: MOLECULAR PROCESSES
subject: RADIO LINES
subject: STARS
subject: LATE-TYPE
subject: Astrophysics and Astronomy

description: The published version is located at http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1994ApJ...437..410F
description: The HC3N, HC5N, HC7N, CCH, C4H, SiS, and HNC molecules were observed in the circumstellar envelopes of CRL 618, CRL 2688, CIT 6, and CRL 3068 with the Nobeyama 45 m radio telescope. The observed relative abundances of the cyanopolyynes, CCH, and C4H in these late-type stars are similar to those for IRC +10216. However, it was found that the abundance of HNC increased with the physical evolutionary stage of the stars. In CRL 2688, it is also found that HNC is more concentrated in the inner region than SiS. The production mechanism of HNC is discussed by considering ultraviolet radiation from the central stars. The HC3N J = 4-3 transition was observed to have a P Cygni line profile in CRL 618.