Campostichomma Karsch 1892
Creators: name: Polotow, Daniele
name: Griswold, Charles
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Zorocratidae
Campostichomma

description: Campostichomma Karsch, 1892
Campostichomma KArsch, 1892: 296, pl. 12, FIg. 19 (TypE spEcIEs by OrIgInAl dEsIgnAtIOn: Campostichomma manicatum KArsch, 1892); SImOn 1898A: 7; LEhtInEn 1967: 221; GrIswOld 1993: 7; GrIswOld et al. 1999: 59; POlOtOw et al. 2015: 151 (trAnsFErrEd tO UdubIdAE); WSC 2017.
Note. Name is neuter in gender, hence Campostichomma manicatum.
Diagnosis. Males of Campostichomma can be distinguished from those of other Udubidae by the palpal tibia length less than ½ length of cymbium (Fig. 3A), the cymbium with a deep groove retrolaterally (Fig. 4A, C) and the embolus elongate, threadlike, extending 360 ˚ around tegulum (Figs 3D, 4A). Females have a long, broad epigynal plate divided into medial and lateral lobes (Figs 4D, 8A–F), lateral lobes with (Fig. 8A, C, E) or without teeth (Fig. 4D), and internally the copulatory ducts have several loops, which can be used to identify the species of the genus (Figs 4E, 8B, D, F).
DesCription. Medium sized-spiders, total length 4.30–7.40; sexual dimorphism slight (Fig. 2A–D), males smaller with relatively longer legs. Carapace pear-shaped in dorsal view, domed; fovea linear, deep (Fig. 2A, C). Ocular area broad, ocular quadrangle trapezoidal, widest behind; eight eyes in 2 rows, anterior row slightly recurved, posterior row nearly straight (Figs 2E–F, 5C, 6B, 7B). Clypeus low (Figs 2E–F, 5C, 6B, 7B). Chelicerae stout with large boss, especially in female, pro- and retromargins of fang furrow with three and four stout teeth, respectively. Sternum broadly oval, bluntly curved or with small point posteriorly; labium with shallow basal notch; palpal coxae converging slightly anteriorly (Figs 2B, D), serrula in a single row along outer margin. Pedicel elongated and not fused (Fig. 6C). Legs moderately long; leg formula 4123; integument finely wrinkled (Griswold 1993: fig. 77), with plumose setae (sensu Lehtinen 1975) and feathery scales (Fig. 1C; Griswold 1993: figs 75, 77); trochanters notched. Femora of legs and palpi with dorsal and lateral spines, patellae III and IV with lateral spines, tibiae I and II with 4 pairs of ventral spines and an additional proventral spine just behind apical pair, metatarsi I and II with 3 pairs of ventral spines, males usually with, females without, lateral spines on tibiae and metatarsi I and II; tibiae and metatarsi III and IV with dorsal, lateral, and ventral spines; palpal femora with dorsal and lateral spines, tibiae and tarsi of females with spines, tibiae and tarsi of males with or without spines, cymbium usually lacking spines. Males with tibial crack on legs I–IV (Fig. 3E). Preening combs and scopulae absent. Superior tarsal claws pectinate, with inferior tarsal claws, I–II usually medium to large (Fig. 1A; Griswold 1993: fig. 5), claw tufts absent (Fig. 1A). Trichobothria on tibiae with basal dorsolateral group and pro- and retrolateral rows, retrolateral row extending to apex, metatarsi with dorsal, irregular row or dorsal row plus dorsobasal group, tarsi with dorsobasal row that divides into 2–3 rows apically; palpal tibiae with pro- and retrolateral rows, apparently absent from tarsi; trichobothrial base with transversely-ridged hood (Fig. 1F; Griswold 1993: fig. 77). Tarsal organ median, capsulate, orifice oval to round or keyhole-shaped (Fig. 1E; Griswold 1993: figs 76–77), with proximal seam. Male palpal tibia short. Cymbium with large, triangular petiole attached to alveolus; subtegulum cup-shaped, with anelli, prolateral margin with lobe that articulates with corresponding lobe on tegulum in unexpanded bulb (Fig. 3B); tegulum C-shaped (Fig. 4A), simple; firmly attached embolus (E) arising on retrolateral side of tegulum and tapering to apex; median apophysis (MA) concave, attached in middle of tegulum (Fig. 3A); conductor (C) hyaline, originating anteriorly of tegulum, fan-shaped and not embracing apex of embolus (Fig. 4A–C); fundus in subtegulum, reservoir and ejaculatory duct simple, without loops or switchbacks, spiralling around outer margin of tegulum. Abdomen oval, without scuta (Fig. 2A–D). Respiratory system comprising two anterior book lungs and a posterior tracheal spiracle. Epigynum divided by longitudinal epigynal folds into median lobe and lateral lobes; lateral lobes with or without teeth (Figs 4D, 8A, C, E). Vulva with elongated copulatory duct, spermathecae with protuberances and small fertilization ducts (Figs 4E, 8B, D, F). Cribellum absent; colulus a fleshy triangular lobe set with several setae. Six spinnerets, anterior (ALS) and posterior laterals (PLS) two-segmented, posterior medians (PMS) one-segmented; females with ALS having two major ampullate gland spigots and several piriform gland spigots, PMS with multiple minor ampullate, cylindrical and aciniform gland spigots; PLS with at least cylindrical and aciniform gland spigots.
Composition. Four species: C. manicatum Karsch, 1892, C. alawala sp. nov., C. mudduk sp. nov. and C. harasbedda sp. nov.
Distribution. Endemic to Sri Lanka (Fig. 14).
Natural history. The type specimens of C. manicatum were collected in the highlands of Sri Lanka. Collection data for the specimens collected by the Lund University Ceylon Expedition are detailed in Brinck et al. (1971). These data suggest that these are running spiders that favor moist, closed canopy forest or woodland. Most were collected in the highland above 1000 m, in forest, moist ravines or near tea plantations. C. alawala sp. nov. is unique in being from lower elevation, from jungle at only 200 m elevation. More detail is provided with each species description.
description: Published as part of Polotow, Daniele & Griswold, Charles, 2017, Cleaning old cabinets: revealing the taxonomy of Sri Lankan wolf spiders (Araneae, Udubidae and Zoropsidae), pp. 51-74 in Zootaxa 4362 (1) on pages 53-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/1076176