cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Implications of M3C2 Projection Diameter on 3D Semi-Automated Rockfall Extraction from Sequential Terrestrial Laser Scanning Point Clouds
Creators: DiFrancesco, Paul-Mark
Bonneau, David
Hutchinson, D. Jean
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2020

Rockfall inventories are essential to quantify a rockfall activity and characterize the hazard. Terrestrial laser scanning and advancements in processing algorithms have resulted in three-dimensional (3D) semi-automatic extraction of rockfall events, permitting detailed observations of evolving rock masses. Currently, multiscale model-to-model cloud comparison (M3C2) is the most widely used distance computation method used in the geosciences to evaluate 3D changing features, considering the time-sequential spatial information contained in point clouds. M3C2 operates by computing distances using points that are captured within a projected search cylinder, which is locally oriented. In this work, we evaluated the effect of M3C2 projection diameter on the extraction of 3D rockfalls and the resulting implications on rockfall volume and shape. Six rockfall inventories were developed for a highly active rock slope, each utilizing a different projection diameter which ranged from two to ten times the point spacing. The results indicate that the greatest amount of change is extracted using an M3C2 projection diameter equal to, or slightly larger than, the point spacing, depending on the variation in point spacing. When the M3C2 projection diameter becomes larger than the changing area on the rock slope, the change cannot be identified and extracted. Inventory summaries and illustrations depict the influence of spatial averaging on the semi-automated rockfall extraction, and suggestions are made for selecting the optimal projection diameter. Recommendations are made to improve the methods used to semi-automatically extract rockfall from sequential point clouds.
Relation between crystal and magnetic structures of the layered manganites La2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7 (0.30 =< x =< 0.50)
Creators: name: Kubota, M.
name: Fujioka, H.
name: Hirota, K.
name: Ohoyama, K.
name: Moritomo, Y.
name: Yoshizawa, H.
name: Endoh, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comprehensive neutron-powder diffraction and Rietveld analyses were carried out to clarify the relation between the crystal and magnetic structures of La2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7 (0.30 =< x =< 0.50). The Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion of Mn-O6 octahedra, i.e., the ratio of the averaged apical Mn-O bond length to the equatorial Mn-O bond length, is Delta_JT=1.042(5) at x=0.30, where the magnetic easy-axis at low temperature is parallel to the c axis. As the JT distortion becomes suppressed with increasing x, a planar ferromagnetic structure appears at x =< 0.32, which is followed by a canted antiferromagnetic (AFM) structure at x =< 0.39. The canting angle between neighboring planes continuously increases from 0 deg (planar ferromagnet: 0.32 =< x < 0.39) to 180 deg (A-type AFM: x=0.48 where Delta_JT=1.013(5)). Dominance of the A-type AF structure with decrease of JT distortion can be ascribed to the change in the eg orbital state from d3z^2-r^2 to dx^2-y^2.
A Simple Model for Anisotropic Step Growth
Creators: name: Heinonen, J.
name: Bukharev, I.
name: Ala-Nissila, T.
name: Kosterlitz, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a simple model for the growth of isolated steps on a vicinal crystal surface. It incorporates diffusion and drift of adatoms on the terrace, and strong step and kink edge barriers. Using a combination of analytic methods and Monte Carlo simulations, we study the morphology of growing steps in detail. In particular, under typical Molecular Beam Epitaxy conditions the step morphology is linearly unstable in the model and develops fingers separated by deep cracks. The vertical roughness of the step grows linearly in time, while horizontally the fingers coarsen proportional to $t^{0.33}$. We develop scaling arguments to study the saturation of the ledge morphology for a finite width and length of the terrace.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures; alanissi@csc.fi
Extended series expansions for random sequential adsorption
Creators: name: Gan, Chee Kwan
name: Wang, Jian-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We express the coverage (occupation fraction) $θ$, in powers of time $t$ for four models of two-dimensional lattice random sequential adsorption (RSA) to very high orders by improving an algorithm developed by the present authors [J. Phys. A 29, L177 (1996)]. Each of these series is, to the best of our knowledge, the longest at the present. We analyze the series and deduce accurate estimates for the jamming coverage of the models.
description: 5 pages, revtex, 1 eps figure, to be published in J.Chem.Phys
The energy of the universe in the Bianchi type-II cosmological model
Creators: name: Yang, I-Ching
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To investigate the energy of Bianchi type-II cosmological model, I used the energy-momentum complexes of Einstein and Møller and obtained the zero total energy in these two prescriptions. This result reinforces the viewpoint of Albrow and Tryon that the universe must have a zero net value for all conserved quantities and be equivalent to the previous works of Nester et al. and Aydogdu et al.
description: 8 pages
Abstract clones for abstract syntax
Creators: name: Arkor, Nathanael
name: McDermott, Dylan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.3.2; F.4.1

description: We give a formal treatment of simple type theories, such as the simply-typed $λ$-calculus, using the framework of abstract clones. Abstract clones traditionally describe first-order structures, but by equipping them with additional algebraic structure, one can further axiomatize second-order, variable-binding operators. This provides a syntax-independent representation of simple type theories. We describe multisorted second-order presentations, such as the presentation of the simply-typed $λ$-calculus, and their clone-theoretic algebras; free algebras on clones abstractly describe the syntax of simple type theories quotiented by equations such as $β$- and $η$-equality. We give a construction of free algebras and derive a corresponding induction principle, which facilitates syntax-independent proofs of properties such as adequacy and normalization for simple type theories. Working only with clones avoids some of the complexities inherent in presheaf-based frameworks for abstract syntax.
description: To appear in the proceedings of FSCD 2021; 16 pages
Elastic modulus and yield strength of semicrystalline polymers with bond disorder are higher than in atomic crystals
Creators: name: Giuntoli, Andrea
name: Leporini, Dino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform thorough molecular-dynamics simulations to compare elasticity and yielding of atomic crystals and model semicrystalline polymers, the latter characterized by very similar positional ordering with respect to atomic crystals and considerable bond disorder. We find that the elastic modulus, the shear yield strength and the critical yield strain of semicrystalline polymers are higher than (modulus and yield strength), or comparable to (critical strain), the corresponding ones of atomic crystals. The findings suggest that the bond disorder suppresses dislocation-mediated plasticity in polymeric solids with positional order.
The Role of Genetics in Improving Livestock Breeding and Production
Creators: name: Gaurav Patel1, Ayushi Singh2, Ymberzal Koul1, Utsav Surati1
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description: In order to meet the growing demand for products derived from animals, this article examines how genetics can revolutionise livestock breeding and production. With an emphasis on improvements in selective breeding, it explores genetic technologies and their effects on productivity, disease resistance, and environmental adaptability. These technologies include Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS), Genomic Selection (GS), and gene editing. Success stories in the production of pigs, poultry, and dairy cattle show noticeable advancements. The essay highlights the moral issues raised by these technologies and looks ahead at new instruments like precision breeding. It comes to the conclusion that ethical animal husbandry, lower environmental impact, and increased animal welfare are all facilitated by appropriate genetic techniques, which also increase productivity and profitability in the livestock sector.
Building a stem cell-based primate uterus
Creators: name: Bergmann, Sophie
name: Schindler, Magdalena
name: Munger, Clara
name: Penfold, Christopher A.
name: Boroviak, Thorsten E.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Review Article
/631/136
/631/136/2086
review-article

description: Abstract: The uterus is the organ for embryo implantation and fetal development. Most current models of the uterus are centred around capturing its function during later stages of pregnancy to increase the survival in pre-term births. However, in vitro models focusing on the uterine tissue itself would allow modelling of pathologies including endometriosis and uterine cancers, and open new avenues to investigate embryo implantation and human development. Motivated by these key questions, we discuss how stem cell-based uteri may be engineered from constituent cell parts, either as advanced self-organising cultures, or by controlled assembly through microfluidic and print-based technologies.
Gravitational Wavetrains in the Quasi-Equilibrium Approximation: A Model Problem in Scalar Gravitation
Creators: name: Yo, Hwei-Jang
name: Baumgarte, Thomas W.
name: Shapiro, Stuart L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quasi-equilibrium (QE) computational scheme was recently developed in general relativity to calculate the complete gravitational wavetrain emitted during the inspiral phase of compact binaries. The QE method exploits the fact that the the gravitational radiation inspiral timescale is much longer than the orbital period everywhere outside the ISCO. Here we demonstrate the validity and advantages of the QE scheme by solving a model problem in relativistic scalar gravitation theory. By adopting scalar gravitation, we are able to numerically track without approximation the damping of a simple, quasi-periodic radiating system (an oscillating spherical matter shell) to final equilibrium, and then use the exact numerical results to calibrate the QE approximation method. In particular, we calculate the emitted gravitational wavetrain three different ways: by integrating the exact coupled dynamical field and matter equations, by using the scalar-wave monopole approximation formula (corresponding to the quadrupole formula in general relativity), and by adopting the QE scheme. We find that the monopole formula works well for weak field cases, but fails when the fields become even moderately strong. By contrast, the QE scheme remains quite reliable for moderately strong fields, and begins to breakdown only for ultra-strong fields. The QE scheme thus provides a promising technique to construct the complete wavetrain from binary inspiral outside the ISCO, where the gravitational fields are strong, but where the computational resources required to follow the system for more than a few orbits by direct numerical integration of the exact equations are prohibitive.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures
Radio Observations of New Galactic Bulge Planetary Nebulae
Creators: name: Van de Steene, Griet C.
name: Jacoby, George H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observed 64 newly identified galactic bulge planetary nebulae in the radio continuum at 3 and 6 cm with the Australia Telescope Compact Array. We present their radio images, positions, flux densities, and angular sizes. The survey appears to have detected a larger ratio of more extended planetary nebulae with low surface brightness than in previous surveys. We calculated their distances according to Van de Steene & Zijlstra (1995). We find that most of the new sample is located on the near side around the galactic center and closer in than the previously known bulge PNe. Based on H-alpha images and spectroscopic data, we calculated the total H-alpha flux. We compare this flux value with the radio flux density and derive the extinction. We confirm that the distribution of the extinction values around the galactic center rises toward the center, as expected.
description: accepted for publication in A&A
Skewed Sudakov Regime, Harmonic Numbers, and Multiple Polylogarithms
Creators: name: Kim, Victor T.
name: Matveev, Victor A.
name: Pivovarov, Grigorii B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the example of massless QED we study an asymptotic of the vertex when only one of the two virtualities of the external fermions is sent to zero. We call this regime the skewed Sudakov regime. First, we show that the asymptotic is described with a single form factor, for which we derive a linear evolution equation. The linear operator involved in this equation has a discrete spectrum. Its eigenfunctions and eigenvalues are found. The spectrum is a shifted sequence of harmonic numbers. With the spectrum found, we represent the expansion of the asymptotic in the fine structure constant in terms of multiple polylogarithms. Using this representation, the exponentiation of the doubly logarithmic corrections of the Sudakov form factor is recovered. It is pointed out that the form factor of the skewed Sudakov regime is growing with the virtuality of a fermion decreasing at a fixed virtuality of another fermion.
description: 6 pages
Photon upconversion through triplet exciton-mediated energy relay
Creators: name: Han, Sanyang
name: Yi, Zhigao
name: Zhang, Jiangbin
name: Gu, Qifei
name: Liang, Liangliang
name: Qin, Xian
name: Xu, Jiahui
name: Wu, Yiming
name: Xu, Hui
name: Rao, Akshay
name: Liu, Xiaogang
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/639/638/440/948
/639/301/357/354
/639/925/357/404
/132
/128
article

description: Funder: Innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 797619
description: Funder: China Scholarship Council (CSC); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004543
description: Funder: RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000266
description: Abstract: Exploration of upconversion luminescence from lanthanide emitters through energy migration has profound implications for fundamental research and technology development. However, energy migration-mediated upconversion requires stringent experimental conditions, such as high power excitation and special migratory ions in the host lattice, imposing selection constraints on lanthanide emitters. Here we demonstrate photon upconversion of diverse lanthanide emitters by harnessing triplet exciton-mediated energy relay. Compared with gadolinium-based systems, this energy relay is less dependent on excitation power and enhances the emission intensity of Tb3+ by 158-fold. Mechanistic investigations reveal that emission enhancement is attributable to strong coupling between lanthanides and surface molecules, which enables fast triplet generation (<100 ps) and subsequent near-unity triplet transfer efficiency from surface ligands to lanthanides. Moreover, the energy relay approach supports long-distance energy transfer and allows upconversion modulation in microstructures. These findings enhance fundamental understanding of energy transfer at molecule-nanoparticle interfaces and open exciting avenues for developing hybrid, high-performance optical materials.
Interrelation between the pseudogap and the incoherent quasi-particle features of high-Tc superconductors
Creators: name: Ranninger, J.
name: Romano, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a scenario of a hybridized mixture of localized bipolarons and conduction electrons, we demonstrate for the latter the simultaneous appearance of a pseudogap and of strong incoherent contributions to their quasi-particle spectrum which arise from phonon shake-off effects. This can be traced back to temporarily fluctuating local lattice deformations, giving rise to a double-peak structure in the pair distribution function, which should be a key feature in testing the origin of these incoherent contributions, recently seen in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES).
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. Lett
Numerical study of the strongly screened vortex glass model in an external field
Creators: name: Pfeiffer, F.
name: Rieger, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vortex glass model for a disordered high-T_c superconductor in an external magnetic field is studied in the strong screening limit. With exact ground state (i.e. T=0) calculations we show that 1) the ground state of the vortex configuration varies drastically with infinitesimal variations of the strength of the external field, 2) the minimum energy of global excitation loops of length scale L do not depend on the strength of the external field, however 3) the excitation loops themself depend sensibly on the field. From 2) we infer the absence of a true superconducting state at any finite temperature independent of the external field.
description: 6 pages RevTeX, 5 eps-figures included
Release of urea from cellulosic hydrogel coated urea granule: Modeling effect of crosslink density and pH triggering
Creators: name: Dhruba Jyoti Sarkar
name: Tanumoy Bera
name: Singh, Anupama
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Urea granules were coated with CMC-g-cl-PAA hydrogel by in situ spraying and polymerization technique with mean thickness of 0.24 mm. Water absorption capacity of hydrogel coated urea granules varied from 18.67 to 217.33 g/g depending on pH. Urea release was extended due to hydrogel coating and kinetic analysis at different pH (4.0, 7.0 and 9.2) revealed a sigmoid function as best fit model. The coated urea granules showed pH triggered release property with higher rate in alkaline medium and slower in acidic medium. The prepared hydrogel coated urea granules may find its application in integrated water and nutrient management strategies in agriculture.
A lattice gas model of avalanches in a granular pile
Creators: name: Karolyi, Antal
name: Kertesz, Janos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A granular media lattice gas (GMLG) model is used to study avalanches in a two-dimensional granular pile. We demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm by showing that several features of the non-critical behaviour of real sandpile surfaces, such as the bounded outflow statistics or the finite-size effect of the time evolution of the pile mass, can be reproduced by this simulation approach.
description: 6 pages, 12 figures
A single cell characterisation of human embryogenesis identifies pluripotency transitions and putative anterior hypoblast centre
Creators: name: Molè, Matteo A.
name: Coorens, Tim H. H.
name: Shahbazi, Marta N.
name: Weberling, Antonia
name: Weatherbee, Bailey A. T.
name: Gantner, Carlos W.
name: Sancho-Serra, Carmen
name: Richardson, Lucy
name: Drinkwater, Abbie
name: Syed, Najma
name: Engley, Stephanie
name: Snell, Philip
name: Christie, Leila
name: Elder, Kay
name: Campbell, Alison
name: Fishel, Simon
name: Behjati, Sam
name: Vento-Tormo, Roser
name: Zernicka-Goetz, Magdalena
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/80/86
/631/136/2086
/631/136/2444
/631/532/2117
/14/1
/14/19
/13/106
/38/91
article

description: Abstract: Following implantation, the human embryo undergoes major morphogenetic transformations that establish the future body plan. While the molecular events underpinning this process are established in mice, they remain unknown in humans. Here we characterise key events of human embryo morphogenesis, in the period between implantation and gastrulation, using single-cell analyses and functional studies. First, the embryonic epiblast cells transition through different pluripotent states and act as a source of FGF signals that ensure proliferation of both embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues. In a subset of embryos, we identify a group of asymmetrically positioned extra-embryonic hypoblast cells expressing inhibitors of BMP, NODAL and WNT signalling pathways. We suggest that this group of cells can act as the anterior singalling centre to pattern the epiblast. These results provide insights into pluripotency state transitions, the role of FGF signalling and the specification of anterior-posterior axis during human embryo development.
Dinosauria
Creators: name: Norman, David B
name: Baron, Matthew G
name: Garcia, Mauricio S
name: Müller, Rodrigo Temp
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Dinosauria

description: Dinosauria (Fig. 6: node 1)
 Definition adopted: The least inclusive clade containing Iguanodon bernissartensis, Megalosaurus bucklandii and Cetiosaurus oxoniensis Phillips, 1871 (Langer et al., 2020).
 Characters in support (here): Basipterygoid process mediolaterally compressed (Char. 62: 0 → 1); post-glenoid process of the coracoid extending caudal to glenoid (Char. 140: 0 → 1); presence of a strong pillar caudal to the pre-acetabular embayment of the ilium (Char. 180: 0 → 1); pubis length more than 70% or more of femoral length (Char. 188: 0 → 1); more dorsally extensive contact between the medial surface of the ischia (Char. 197: 0 → 1); presence of a dorsolateral sulcus on the ischium (Char. 198: 0 → 1); rounded or elliptical outline of the distal portion of the ischium (Char. 199: 0 → 1); kinked transition from the femoral shaft to the femoral head (Char. 208: 0 → 1); angled ‘greater trochanter’ of the femur (Char. 216: 0 → 1); presence of a transverse groove on the proximal surface of the femur (Char. 217: 0 → 1); concave caudal margin of the distal end of the tibia (Char. 240: 0 → 1); and metatarsal IV subequal or shorter than metatarsal II (Char. 217: 0 → 1).
description: Published as part of Norman, David B, Baron, Matthew G, Garcia, Mauricio S & Müller, Rodrigo Temp, 2022, Taxonomic, palaeobiological and evolutionary implications of a phylogenetic hypothesis for Ornithischia (Archosauria: Dinosauria), pp. 1273-1309 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 (4) on page 1285, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac062, http://zenodo.org/record/7381299
Oxynitride Thin Films versus Particle-Based Photoanodes: a Comparative Study for Photoelectrochemical Solar Water Splitting
Creators: name: Haydous, Fatima
name: Döbeli, Max
name: Si, Wenping
name: Waag, Friedrich
name: Li, Fei
name: Pomjakushina, Ekaterina
name: Wokaun, Alexander
name: Gökce, Bilal
name: Pergolesi, Daniele
name: Lippert, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The solar water splitting process assisted by semiconductor photocatalysts attracts growing research interests worldwide for the production of hydrogen as a clean and sustainable energy carrier. Due to their optical and electrical properties several oxynitride materials show great promise for the fabrication of efficient photocatalysts for solar water splitting. This study reports a comparative investigation of particle- and thin films-based photocatalysts using three different oxynitride materials. The absolute comparison of the photoelectrochemical activities favors the particle-based electrodes due to the better absorption properties and larger electrochemical surface area. However, thin films surpass the particle-based photoelectrodes due to their more suitable morphological features that improve the separation and mobility of the photo-generated charge carriers. Our analysis identifies what specific insights into the properties of materials can be achieved with the two complementary approaches.
Dressing for generalised linear Hamiltonian systems depending rationally on the spectral parameter and some applications
Creators: name: Sakhnovich, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34B30, 34C14, 37C79, 37J06, 15A15

description: We construct so called Darboux matrices and fundamental solutions in the important case of the generalised Hamiltonian (or canonical) systems depending rationally on the spectral parameter. A wide class of explicit solutions is obtained in this way. Interesting results for dynamical systems depending on several variables and their explicit solutions follow. For these purposes we use our version of Bäcklund-Darboux transformation and square roots of the corresponding generalised matrix eigenvalues. Some new auxiliary results on the roots of matrices are included as well. An appendix is added to make the paper self-sufficient.
description: This is an updated development of the previous version with applications to dynamical systems
Zero temperature metal-insulator transition in the infinite-dimensional Hubbard model
Creators: name: Bulla, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The zero temperature transition from a paramagnetic metal to a paramagnetic insulator is investigated in the Dynamical Mean Field Theory for the Hubbard model. The self-energy of the effective impurity Anderson model (on which the Hubbard model is mapped) is calculated using Wilson's Numerical Renormalization Group method. Results for quasiparticle weight, spectral function and self-energy are discussed for Bethe and hypercubic lattice. In both cases, the metal-insulator transition is found to occur via the vanishing of a quasiparticle resonance which appears to be isolated from the Hubbard bands.
description: 4 pages, 3 eps-figures included
Exotic low-energy excitations emergent in the random Kitaev magnet Cu$_2$IrO$_3$
Creators: name: Choi, Y. S.
name: Lee, C. H.
name: Lee, S.
name: Yoon, Sungwon
name: Lee, W. -J.
name: Park, J.
name: Ali, Anzar
name: Singh, Yogesh
name: Orain, Jean-Christophe
name: Kim, Gareoung
name: Rhyee, Jong-Soo
name: Chen, Wei-Tin
name: Chou, Fangcheng
name: Choi, Kwang-Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on magnetization $M(H)$, dc/ac magnetic susceptibility $χ(T)$, specific heat $C_{\mathrm{m}}(T)$ and muon spin relaxation ($μ$SR) measurements of the Kitaev honeycomb iridate Cu$_2$IrO$_2$ with quenched disorder. In spite of the chemical disorders, we find no indication of spin glass down to 260~mK from the $C_{\mathrm{m}}(T)$ and $μ$SR data. Furthermore, a persistent spin dynamics observed by the zero-field muon spin relaxation evidences an absence of static magnetism. The remarkable observation is a scaling relation of $χ[H,T]$ and $M[H,T]$ in $H/T$ with the scaling exponent $α=0.26-0.28$, expected from bond randomness. However, $C_{\mathrm{m}}[H,T]/T$ disobeys the predicted universal scaling law, pointing towards the presence of low-lying excitations in addition to random singlets. Our results signify an intriguing role of quenched disorder in a Kitaev spin system in creating low-energy excitations possibly pertaining to Z$_2$ fluxes.
Microscopy and chemical analyses reveal flavone-based woolly fibres extrude from micron-sized holes in glandular trichomes of Dionysia tapetodes
Creators: name: Bourdon, Matthieu
name: Gaynord, Josephine
name: Müller, Karin H.
name: Evans, Gareth
name: Wallis, Simon
name: Aston, Paul
name: Spring, David R.
name: Wightman, Raymond
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research Article
Biochemistry and physiology
Cell wall
Dionysia
Farina
Flavone
Glandular trichome
Hydroxyflavone
Vacuole
Wool

description: Funder: Gatsby Charitable Foundation; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000324
description: Funder: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266
description: Funder: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000268
description: Funder: AstraZeneca; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100004325
description: Abstract: Background: Dionysia tapetodes, a small cushion-forming mountainous evergreen in the Primulaceae, possesses a vast surface-covering of long silky fibres forming the characteristic “woolly” farina. This contrasts with some related Primula which instead form a fine powder. Farina is formed by specialized cellular factories, a type of glandular trichome, but the precise composition of the fibres and how it exits the cell is poorly understood. Here, using a combination of cell biology (electron and light microscopy) and analytical chemical techniques, we present the principal chemical components of the wool and its mechanism of exit from the glandular trichome. Results: We show the woolly farina consists of micron-diameter fibres formed from a mixture of flavone and substituted flavone derivatives. This contrasts with the powdery farina, consisting almost entirely of flavone. The woolly farina in D. tapetodes is extruded through specific sites at the surface of the trichome’s glandular head cell, characterised by a small complete gap in the plasma membrane, cell wall and cuticle and forming a tight seal between the fibre and hole. The data is consistent with formation and thread elongation occurring from within the cell. Conclusions: Our results suggest the composition of the D. tapetodes farina dictates its formation as wool rather than powder, consistent with a model of thread integrity relying on intermolecular H-bonding. Glandular trichomes produce multiple wool fibres by concentrating and maintaining their extrusion at specific sites at the cell cortex of the head cell. As the wool is extensive across the plant, there may be associated selection pressures attributed to living at high altitudes.
title: Lourenço Revisitado
title: A Heteronímia e a Impotência Criadora de Pessoa
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Amado, Nuno
Publisher: name: IELT – Instituto de Estudos de Literatura e Tradição, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
Year: 2018

description: É sabido que, para Eduardo Lourenço, a heteronímia pessoana é o resultado de um choque provocado pela leitura de Walt Whitman. Tal ideia é, no entanto, subsidiária de uma outra tese de Fernando Pessoa Revisitado, essa sim fundamental e absolutamente inegociável, a de que Pessoa padeceria de uma determinada “impotência criadora”. O argumento é então o de que Pessoa seria incapaz de criar, de aceder a uma verdadeira inspiração poética, e que, ao dar de caras com Whitman, teria descoberto um poeta que era tudo o que ele não podia ser. A tese fundamental da “impotência criadora”, que Lourenço recupera em vários outros textos, é porém um empréstimo: os três principais nomes da presença, João Gaspar Simões, Adolfo Casais Monteiro e José Régio, defendem a mesma tese. Neste ensaio procuro mostrar de que modo Eduardo Lourenço se apropria de um preconceito antigo acerca de Fernando Pessoa, o de que era mais raciocinador do que poeta, e de que modo as principais ideias de Lourenço acerca da obra de Pessoa são afectadas por esse preconceito particular.
description: Amado, Nuno (2018). Lourenço Revisitado: A Heteronímia e a Impotência Criadora de Pessoa. Revista Estranhar Pessoa, 5: 62–77. ISSN 2183-4075.
Additional file 1 of Three-dimensional printing technology for localised thoracoscopic segmental resection for lung cancer: a quasi-randomised clinical trial
Creators: name: Chen, Yangming
name: Zhang, Jiguang
name: Chen, Qianshun
name: Li, Tian
name: Chen, Kai
name: Yu, Qinghua
name: Lin, Xing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1:. CONSORT Flow Diagram
Quantum illumination with noisy probes: Conditional advantages of non-Gaussianity
Creators: name: Gupta, Rivu
name: Roy, Saptarshi
name: Das, Tamoghna
name: De, Aditi Sen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entangled states, like the two-mode squeezed vacuum state, are known to give quantum advantage in the illumination protocol, a method to detect a weakly reflecting target submerged in a thermal background. We use non-Gaussian photon-added and -subtracted states, affected by local Gaussian noise on top of the omnipresent thermal noise, as probes in the illumination protocol. Based on the difference between the Chernoff bounds obtained with the coherent state and the non-Gaussian state having equal signal strengths, whose positive values denote quantum advantage in illumination, we highlight the hierarchy among non-Gaussian states, which is compatible with correlations per unit signal strength, although the Gaussian states offer the best performance. Interestingly, such hierarchy is different when comparisons are made using the Chernoff bounds. The entire analysis is performed in the presence of different imperfect apparatus like faulty twin-beam generator, imperfect photon addition (subtraction) as well as with noisy non-Gaussian probe states.
description: v1: 17 pages, 12 figures v2: Close to published version
NNLO QCD predictions for W+c-jet production at the LHC
Creators: name: Czakon, Michał
name: Mitov, Alexander
name: Pellen, Mathieu
name: Poncelet, Rene
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Jets
QCD Phenomenology

description: Abstract: We study the production of a W boson in association with a c-jet at the LHC. We calculate, for the first time, the complete set of NNLO QCD corrections to the dominant CKM-diagonal contribution to this process. Both signatures, pp → μ+νμjc and pp →μ−ν¯μjc are considered. We present predictions for fiducial cross sections and differential distributions for each one of the two signatures as well as for their ratio. The theoretical predictions are compared with ATLAS measurements at 7 TeV. The results of this work are essential for the precision description of associated heavy flavor production at hadron colliders and for the determination of the strange-quark content of the proton from LHC data in NNLO QCD.
Frequently Asked Questions about Decoherence
Creators: name: Anastopoulos, Charis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a short, critical review of the issue of decoherence. We establish the most general framework in which decoherence can be discussed, how it can be quantified and how it can be measured. We focus on environment induced decoherence and its degree of usefulness for the interpretation of quantum theory. We finally discuss the emergence of a classical world. An overall emphasis is given in pointing at common fallacies and misconceptions.
description: 18 pages, latex. This is a non-technical, critical review article on decoherence developed from material in a course on advanced quantum mechanics. The revised version has an additional introductory section and minor changes
Historical solar Ca II K observations at the Rome and Catania observatories
Creators: name: Chatzistergos, Theodosios
name: Ermolli, Ilaria
name: Falco, Mariachiara
name: Giorgi, Fabrizio
name: Guglielmino, Salvo L.
name: Krivova, Natalie A.
name: Romano, Paolo
name: Solanki, Sami K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we present the little explored Ca II K archives from the Rome and the Catania observatories and analyse the digitised images from these archives to derive plage areas.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, to be published in "Nuovo Cimento C" as proceeding of the Third Meeting of the Italian Solar and Heliospheric Community
Chirality production during axion inflation
Creators: name: Gorbar, E. V.
name: Momot, A. I.
name: Rudenok, I. V.
name: Sobol, O. O.
name: Vilchinskii, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the generation of the chiral charge during axion inflation where the pseudoscalar inflaton field $ϕ$ couples axially to the electromagnetic field through the term $(β/M_p)ϕ\,\boldsymbol{E}\cdot\boldsymbol{B}$ with dimensionless coupling constant $β$. To describe the evolution of electromagnetic field and determine $\langle\boldsymbol{E}\cdot\boldsymbol{B}\rangle$ sourcing the chiral asymmetry during inflation due to the chiral anomaly, we employ the gradient expansion formalism. It operates with a set of vacuum expectation values of bilinear electromagnetic functions and allows us to take into account the backreaction of generated fields on the inflaton evolution as well as the Schwinger production of charged fermions. In addition, we include the chiral magnetic effect contribution to the electric current $\boldsymbol{j}_{\rm CME}=e^{2}/(2π^2)μ_{5}\boldsymbol{B}$, where $μ_5$ is the chiral chemical potential which quantifies the chiral charge production. Solving a set of equations for the inflaton field, scale factor, quadratic functions of the electromagnetic field, and the chiral charge density (chiral chemical potential), we find that the chirality production is quite efficient leading to the generation of a large chemical potential at the end of axion inflation.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2109.01651
Quantum transport in $ν=2/3$ spin-singlet quantum Hall edges
Creators: name: Imura, Ken-ichiro
name: Nagaosa, Naoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tunneling conductance $G(T)$ through a constricted point contact is studied for the $ν=2/3$ spin-singlet edges. Including spin-flip tunneling, Zeeman splitting and random magnetic impurities, we discuss the various crossovers of $G(T)$ as a function of the temperature $T$. The behavior of $G(T)$ is found to be quite different for spin-singlet and spin-polarized cases, and hence $G(T)$ is expected to serve as an experimental probe for the polarized-unpolarized transition at $ν=2/3$.
description: 5 pages (REVTeX)
Supplementary Material.docx
Creators: name: Otávio Teixeira
name: Caldieraro, Fabio
name: Medeiros, Amanda
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 170202 Decision Making
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This document is about the article "Exploring willingness to share in peer-to-peer access-based hospitality markets: The effect of roles performed and sharing intensity."
The material provides further details about the overall experiments' designs, their control variables, manipulations, adopted scales, and descriptive statistics.
Supplementary document for Polyvinyl Chloride Gels Microlens Array with Well-controlled Curvature Obtained by Solvent Evaporation under DC Electric Field - 4794475.pdf
Creators: name: Xu, Peiwen
name: Xu, Miao
name: Lu, Hongbo
name: Qiu, Longzhen
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: supplemental document
Defective folate metabolism causes germline epigenetic instability and distinguishes Hira as a phenotype inheritance biomarker
Creators: name: Blake, Georgina E. T.
name: Zhao, Xiaohui
name: Yung, Hong Wa
name: Burton, Graham J.
name: Ferguson-Smith, Anne C.
name: Hamilton, Russell S.
name: Watson, Erica D.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/136/2442
/631/208/176
/631/443/319
/45/23
/45/88
/45/90
/38/22
/64/60
/82/80
/82/58
article

description: Funder: Center for Trophoblast Research
description: Abstract: The mechanism behind transgenerational epigenetic inheritance is unclear, particularly through the maternal grandparental line. We previously showed that disruption of folate metabolism in mice by the Mtrr hypomorphic mutation results in transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of congenital malformations. Either maternal grandparent can initiate this phenomenon, which persists for at least four wildtype generations. Here, we use genome-wide approaches to reveal genetic stability in the Mtrr model and genome-wide differential DNA methylation in the germline of Mtrr mutant maternal grandfathers. We observe that, while epigenetic reprogramming occurs, wildtype grandprogeny and great grandprogeny exhibit transcriptional changes that correlate with germline methylation defects. One region encompasses the Hira gene, which is misexpressed in embryos for at least three wildtype generations in a manner that distinguishes Hira transcript expression as a biomarker of maternal phenotypic inheritance.
Supplementary document for Polyvinyl Chloride Gels Microlens Array with Well-controlled Curvature Obtained by Solvent Evaporation under DC Electric Field
Creators: name: Xu, Peiwen
name: Xu, Miao
name: Lu, Hongbo
name: Qiu, Longzhen
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: supplemental document
New Five Dimensional Black Holes Classified by Horizon Geometry, and a Bianchi VI Braneworld
Creators: name: Cadeau, C.
name: Woolgar, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce two new families of solutions to the vacuum Einstein equations with negative cosmological constant in 5 dimensions. These solutions are static black holes whose horizons are modelled on the 3-geometries nilgeometry and solvegeometry. Thus the horizons (and the exterior spacetimes) can be foliated by compact 3-manifolds that are neither spherical, toroidal, hyperbolic, nor product manifolds, and therefore are of a topological type not previously encountered in black hole solutions. As an application, we use the solvegeometry solutions to construct Bianchi VI$_{-1}$ braneworld cosmologies.
description: LaTeX, 20 pages, 2 figures Typographical errors corrected, and references to printed matter added in favour of preprints where possible
Manipulation of the unfolded protein response: A pharmacological strategy against coronavirus infection
Creators: name: Echavarría-Consuegra, Liliana
name: Cook, Georgia M.
name: Busnadiego, Idoia
name: Lefèvre, Charlotte
name: Keep, Sarah
name: Brown, Katherine
name: Doyle, Nicole
name: Dowgier, Giulia
name: Franaszek, Krzysztof
name: Moore, Nathan A.
name: Siddell, Stuart G.
name: Bickerton, Erica
name: Hale, Benjamin G.
name: Firth, Andrew E.
name: Brierley, Ian
name: Irigoyen, Nerea
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research Article
Biology and life sciences
Medicine and health sciences
Research and analysis methods

description: Funder: Isaac Newton Trust/Wellcome Trust ISSF/University of Cambridge
description: Coronavirus infection induces the unfolded protein response (UPR), a cellular signalling pathway composed of three branches, triggered by unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) due to high ER load. We have used RNA sequencing and ribosome profiling to investigate holistically the transcriptional and translational response to cellular infection by murine hepatitis virus (MHV), often used as a model for the Betacoronavirus genus to which the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 also belongs. We found the UPR to be amongst the most significantly up-regulated pathways in response to MHV infection. To confirm and extend these observations, we show experimentally the induction of all three branches of the UPR in both MHV- and SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. Over-expression of the SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 or S proteins alone is itself sufficient to induce the UPR. Remarkably, pharmacological inhibition of the UPR greatly reduced the replication of both MHV and SARS-CoV-2, revealing the importance of this pathway for successful coronavirus replication. This was particularly striking when both IRE1α and ATF6 branches of the UPR were inhibited, reducing SARS-CoV-2 virion release (~1,000-fold). Together, these data highlight the UPR as a promising antiviral target to combat coronavirus infection.