Numerical Simulation of Lateral Jet and Supersonic Crossflow Interaction with Various Approaches
Creators: name:  E.C. DAGLI 
name:   T. UNLU 
Publisher: name: Proceedings of  the 9th European Conference for Aerospace Sciences. Lille, France, 27 June - 1 July, 2022
Year: 2022
Subjects: FLOW CONTROL
AEROSPACE

description: Abstract Lateral jet which is a maneuvering technique can be defined as ejecting the high pressure, high velocity gases into the free-stream flow and generating thrust in desired direction. Thrust generation occurs with momentum transfer and pressure difference as in rocket motors. Differentiating from the conventional aerodynamic controls, lateral jets are being still effective at low dynamic pressures(such as low speeds or higher altitudes) which is a major advantage. Besides being effective throughout the flight and providing high maneuverability, lateral jets causes a complex flow field due to interactions with the crossflow. Interactions should be resolved well in order to see effect of jet flow on the aerodynamic performance of the aircraft. Aim of this study is to establish a numerical method for lateral jet in a supersonic crossflow. As a first step for the validation studies, a lateral jet which operates with air has been examined (Gnemmi, 2008). Test model consists of a conical nose, a cylindrical body and a flare. Besides, jet is located on the cylindrical part. In this study, nozzle is not modelled and inlet boundary condition is defined at the face of the missile surface. In the beginning, mesh independency study and turbulence model study are conducted. To be able to validate numerical methods, surface pressure values are used. Surface pressure taps are distributed axially on the test model at three different circumferental locations. At last, a Schlieren image from the test is compared with the numerical simulation results. Two other test cases with experimental data are evaluated regarding the performance of lateral jets in supersonic crossflow. Lateral jet systems are generally composed of gas generators that produce combustion products along the process. Experimental investigations on lateral jets are usually done considering single species jets into the crossflow which makes the investigation of multi-species jets essential for understanding the physics of complex interaction between the jet and the crossflow. The multi-species gas interaction can be investigated considering with/without the reaction that can occur with the products of the combustion. To investigate the multi-species gas interaction phenomenon and the suitable CFD analysis method for the prediction of interaction effect of the jet in crossflow, a lateral jet on a generic missile model is utilized. In the first test case, the lateral jet composed of 5 species with non-reacting properties is issued into a supersonic crossflow (DeSpirito, 2015). The lateral jet is modelled with a nozzle geometry taken from literature. Surface pressure profiles are obtained at several circumferential locations and compared to the literature analysis results and experimental data. In the second test case (Dong, 2018), the same geometry is modelled without the nozzle and the secondary combustion is allowed for the 5 products with 3 chemical reactions. In the investigation, 4 different turbulence models and 2 different reaction models are used and the pressure profiles are compared to the literature numerical results and the experimental data. In conclusion, numerical simulation methods investigation and validation on lateral jet systems which overcome the problems with the conventional control systems are carried out. First of the validation studies is focused on air spouting lateral jets. And other studies present jets which are operating with combustion products. In the second study, multi-species jet flow and crossflow interactions are examined. In the last study, the effects of secondary combustion of the jet flow gases are included in the numerical simulation with two different reaction models. With the investigation studies, numerical simulation methods for jet and crossflow interactions which are air-air, air-exhaust gases excluding reactions and air-exhaust gases including reactions are determined and validated. References Gnemmi, P. (2008). Computational Comparisons of the Interaction of a Lateral Jet on a Supersonic Generic Missile, (August), 19. https://doi.org/doi:10.2514/6.2008-6883 DeSpirito, J. (2015). Effects of Turbulence Model on Prediction of Hot-Gas Lateral Jet Interaction in a Supersonic Crossflow. AIAA 53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, 2015-1923. https://doi.org/ 10.2514/6.2015-1923 Dong, H., Liu, J., Chen, Z. (2018). Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 55, No. 4, 928934. DOI: 10.2514/1.A34096