cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
(103005) George Thomas Hodges
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Barrow Holographic Dark Energy Model with GO Cut-off -- An Alternative Perspective
Creators: name: P, Nandhida Krishnan.
name: Mathew, Titus K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Barrow holographic dark energy (BHDE), based on Barrow entropy, has been proposed to describe the late acceleration of the universe. Contrary to the earlier analysis of this model in the literature, we consider the BHDE with the Granda-Oliveros length as IR cut-off, as a dynamical vacuum, having a constant equation of state $ω_Λ=-1.$ We have analytically solved for the Hubble parameter and studied the evolution of cosmological parameters. The model is compared with the observational data on Hubble parameter (OHD36) and Supernovae type Ia (SN Ia), the pantheon data. In the absence of interaction between the dark sectors, we found that the model predicts a $Λ$CDM like evolution of the universe with an effective cosmological constant. In this case, the model is found to satisfy the generalized second law (GSL), irrespective of the value of the Barrow index. The interaction also shows the safe validity of GSL, for the extracted value of the Barrow index, $Δ=0.063\pm 0.029$. The thermodynamic analysis of the model predicts an end de Sitter phase of maximum entropy. We performed a dynamical system analysis, which reveals that the end de Sitter phase is stable. Furthermore, we performed the Information Criterion analysis using Akaike and Bayesian Information Criterion to compare the statistical compatibility of the present model with the standard $Λ$CDM model.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures
(103004) Harry Herbert Elliott Mills
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Expanding the inventory of spectral lines used to trace atmospheric escape in exoplanets
Creators: name: Linssen, Dion
name: Oklopčić, Antonija
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Escaping exoplanet atmospheres have been observed as deep transit signatures in a few specific spectral lines. Detections have been made in the hydrogen Ly-$α$ line, the metastable helium line at 10830 Å and some UV lines of metallic species. Observational challenges, unexpected non-detections and model degeneracies have generally made it difficult to draw definitive conclusions about the escape process for individual planets. Expanding on the suite of spectral tracers used may help to mitigate these challenges. We present a new framework for modeling the transmission spectrum of hydrodynamically escaping atmospheres. We predict FUV to NIR spectra for systems with different planet and stellar types and identify new lines that can potentially be used to study their upper atmospheres. Measuring the radius in the atmosphere at which the strongest lines form puts them into context within the upper atmospheric structure. Targeting a set of complementary spectral lines for the same planet will help us to better constrain the outflow properties.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Variable Stars from the J-VAR survey
Creators: name: Pyrzas, Stelios
name: Vázquez Ramió, Héctor
name: Ederoclite, Alessandro
name: J-VAR Collaboration
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: J-VAR is a photometric survey conducted with the 0.8m Javalambre Auxiliary Survey Telescope (JAST80) at the Observatorio Astrofísico de Javalambre. Using a set of 3 broad- and 4 narrow-band filters, J-VAR can be considered as the time-domain counterpart of the Javalambre Local Universe Photometric Survey (J-PLUS), with 7 out of its 12 filters in common. Here, we give an overview of the light curve extraction, calibration and analysis of J-VAR data, and focus on one of J-VAR's main science goals, the detection of new variables through the use of an ensemble of variability indices.
The Hitch-Hiker's Guide to Organic Semiconductors: Probing Structure–Function Relationship Using Time-Resolved EPR Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Biskup, Till
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: organic electronics
organic semiconductors
time-resolved EPR spectroscopy
structure-function relationship
triplet states
triplet pathways

description: Organic semiconductors are increasingly important in our daily lives. Hence, gaining insights into their structure–function relationship is crucial to rationally design new materials. This is a multidisciplinary effort. Here, we present a series of examples ofhow applying time-resolved EPR (TREPR) spectroscopy to short-lived light-induced triplet states can contribute to our understanding of organic semiconductors and complement the picture gained by other methods. Aspects include the overallorientation and degree of ordering of polymer films on substrates, [1,2] the morphology and aggregation behaviour of polymers in solution, [3] the detailed mapping of electronic structure of polymers by investigating a series of building blocks with differentlengths, [4,5,6] the direct optical excitation of triplet states from the singlet ground state, completing our picture of potential triplet pathways, [7,8] exciton delocalisation modes by means of magnetophotoselection experiments, [2,9] and identifying the buildingblock resembling the electronic structure of the corresponding polymer [10]. Taken together, TREPR spectroscopy of triplet states provides highly relevant insight complementary to other methods, adding to our understanding of the structure–function relationship of organic semiconductors.

Literature:

[1] T. Biskup, M. Sommer, S. Rein, D. L. Meyer, M. Kohlstädt, U. Würfel, S. Weber, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 7707.[2] D. L. Meyer, N. Schmidt-Meinzer, C. Matt, S. Rein, F. Lombeck, M. Sommer, T. Biskup, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2019, 123, 20017.[3] D. L. Meyer, R. Matsidik, S. Huettner, M. Sommer, T. Biskup, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2018, 20, 2716.[4] D. L. Meyer, R. Matsidik, M. Sommer, T. Biskup, Adv. Electron. Mater, 2018, 4, 1700385.[5] C. Matt, D. L. Meyer, F. Lombeck, M. Sommer, T. Biskup, Macromolecules, 2018, 51, 4341.[6] C. Matt, F. Lombeck, M. Sommer, T. Biskup, Polymers, 2019, 11, 870.[7] D. L. Meyer, F. Lombeck, S. Huettner, M. Sommer, T. Biskup, J. Phys. Chem. Lett 2017, 8, 1677.[8] C. Matt, D. L. Meyer, F. Lombeck, M. Sommer, T. Biskup, Mol. Phys., 2019, 117, 2645.[9] D. L. Meyer, R. Matsidik, D. Fazzi, M. Sommer, T. Biskup, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2018, 9, 7026.[10] C. Matt, R. Matsidik, D. L. Meyer, M. Schröder, M. Sommer, T. Biskup, Org. Electron., 2023, 117, 106790.
ALMA Survey of Orion Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (ALMASOP): A forming quadruple system with continuum `ribbons' and intricate outflows
Creators: name: Luo, Qiu-yi
name: Liu, Tie
name: Lee, Aaron T.
name: Offner, Stella S. R.
name: di Francesco, James
name: Johnstone, Doug
name: Juvela, Mika
name: Goldsmith, Paul F.
name: Qin, Sheng-Li
name: Mai, Xiaofeng
name: Liu, Xun-chuan
name: Sanhueza, Patricio
name: Xu, Feng-Wei
name: Tatematsu, Ken'ichi
name: Dutta, Somnath
name: Chen, Huei-Ru Vivien
name: Li, Shanghuo
name: Yang, Aiyuan
name: Liu, Sheng-Yuan
name: Lee, Chin-Fei
name: Hirano, Naomi
name: Lee, Chang Won
name: Sahu, Dipen
name: Shang, Hsien
name: Hsu, Shih-Ying
name: Bronfman, Leonardo
name: Kwon, Woojin
name: Rawlings, M. G.
name: Eden, David
name: Lu, Xing
name: Gu, Qi-lao
name: Ren, Zhiyuan
name: Ward-Thompson, D
name: Shen, Zhi-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most poorly understood aspects of low-mass star formation is how multiple-star systems are formed. Here we present the results of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band-6 observations towards a forming quadruple protostellar system, G206.93-16.61E2, in the Orion B molecular cloud. ALMA 1.3 mm continuum emission reveals four compact objects, of which two are Class I young stellar objects (YSOs), and the other two are likely in prestellar phase. The 1.3 mm continuum emission also shows three asymmetric ribbon-like structures that are connected to the four objects, with lengths ranging from $\sim$500 au to $\sim$2200 au. By comparing our data with magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations, we suggest that these ribbons trace accretion flows and also function as gas bridges connecting the member protostars. Additionally, ALMA CO J=2-1 line emission reveals a complicated molecular outflow associated with G206.93-16.61E2 with arc-like structures suggestive of an outflow cavity viewed pole-on.
description: The paper was accepted by APJL
Symmetric Fermi projections and Kitaev's table: topological phases of matter in low dimensions
Creators: name: Gontier, David
name: Monaco, Domenico
name: Perrin-Roussel, Solal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review Kitaev's celebrated "periodic table" for topological phases of condensed matter, which identifies ground states (Fermi projections) of gapped periodic quantum systems up to continuous deformations. We study families of projections which depend on a periodic crystal momentum and respect the symmetries that characterize the various classes of topological insulators. Our aim is to classify such families in a systematic, explicit, and constructive way: we identify numerical indices for all symmetry classes and provide algorithms to deform families of projections whose indices agree. Aiming at simplicity, we illustrate the method for 0- and 1-dimensional systems, and recover the (weak and strong) topological invariants proposed by Kitaev and others.
(103003) Nathaniel George Leigh
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Learning finite difference methods for reaction-diffusion type equations with FCNN
Creators: name: Kim, Yongho
name: Choi, Yongho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In recent years, Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been widely used to solve partial differential equations alongside numerical methods because PINNs can be trained without observations and deal with continuous-time problems directly. In contrast, optimizing the parameters of such models is difficult, and individual training sessions must be performed to predict the evolutions of each different initial condition. To alleviate the first problem, observed data can be injected directly into the loss function part. To solve the second problem, a network architecture can be built as a framework to learn a finite difference method. In view of the two motivations, we propose Five-point stencil CNNs (FCNNs) containing a five-point stencil kernel and a trainable approximation function for reaction-diffusion type equations including the heat, Fisher's, Allen-Cahn, and other reaction-diffusion equations with trigonometric function terms. We show that FCNNs can learn finite difference schemes using few data and achieve the low relative errors of diverse reaction-diffusion evolutions with unseen initial conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that FCNNs can still be trained well even with using noisy data.
description: 9 figures
(103002) Mabel Fanny Leigh
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Sample Size Considerations for GEE Analyses of Three-Level Cluster Randomized Trials
Creators: name: Borm, George F.
name: Lu, Bing
name: Teerenstra, Steven
name: Preisser, John S.
name: Van Achterberg, Theo
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Cluster randomized trials in health care may involve three instead of two levels, for instance, in trials where different interventions to improve quality of care are compared. In such trials, the intervention is implemented in health care units (“clusters”) and aims at changing the behavior of health care professionals working in this unit (“subjects”), while the effects are measured at the patient level (“evaluations”). Within the generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach, we derive a sample size formula that accounts for two levels of clustering: that of subjects within clusters and that of evaluations within subjects. The formula reveals that sample size is inflated, relative to a design with completely independent evaluations, by a multiplicative term that can be expressed as a product of two variance inflation factors, one that quantifies the impact of within-subject correlation of evaluations on the variance of subject-level means and the other that quantifies the impact of the correlation between subject level means on the variance of the cluster means. Power levels as predicted by the sample size formula agreed well with the simulated power for more than 10 clusters in total, when data was analyzed using bias-corrected estimating equations for the correlation parameters in combination with the model-based covariance estimator or the sandwich estimator with a finite sample correction.
(103001) Gertrude Annie Leigh
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Uncovering Symptom Progression History from Disease Registry Data with Application to Young Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Creators: name: Cheng, Yu
name: Lai, Huichuan J.
name: Fine, Jason P.
name: Yan, Jun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The growing availability of various disease registry data has brought precious opportunities to epidemiologists to understand the natural history of the registered diseases. It also presents challenges to the traditional data analysis techniques due to complicated censoring/truncation schemes and temporal dynamics of covariate influences. In a case study of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry data, we propose analyses of progressive symptoms using temporal process regressions, as an alternative to the commonly employed proportional hazards models. Two end points are considered, the prevalence of ever positive and currently positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection in the lungs, which capture different aspect of the disease process. The analysis of ever PA positive via a time-varying coefficient model demonstrates the lack of fit, as well as the potential loss of information, in the standard proportional hazards analysis. The analysis of currently PA positive yields results which are clinically meaningful and have not previously been reported in the cystic fibrosis literature. Our analyses demonstrate that prenatal/neonatal screening results in lower prevalence of PA infection compared to traditional diagnosis via signs and symptoms, but this benefit attenuates with age. Calendar years of diagnosis also affect the risk of PA infection; patients diagnosed in more recent cohort show higher prevalence of ever PA positive but lower prevalence of currently PA positive.
A relativistic signature in large-scale structure
Creators: name: Bartolo, Nicola
name: Bertacca, Daniele
name: Bruni, Marco
name: Koyama, Kazuya
name: Maartens, Roy
name: Matarrese, Sabino
name: Sasaki, Misao
name: Verde, Licia
name: Wands, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In General Relativity, the constraint equation relating metric and density perturbations is inherently nonlinear, leading to an effective non-Gaussianity in the dark matter density field on large scales - even if the primordial metric perturbation is Gaussian. Intrinsic non-Gaussianity in the large-scale dark matter overdensity in GR is real and physical. However, the variance smoothed on a local physical scale is not correlated with the large-scale curvature perturbation, so that there is no relativistic signature in the galaxy bias when using the simplest model of bias. It is an open question whether the observable mass proxies such as luminosity or weak lensing correspond directly to the physical mass in the simple halo bias model. If not, there may be observables that encode this relativistic signature.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures. The original claim on galaxy bias for simple inflation models has been corrected; intrinsic non-Gaussianity in the matter density from GR effects is real, but observables that encode this remain to be found. Version accepted by Physics of the Dark Universe, Volume 13, September 2016, Pages 30-34
Variable Selection in the Cox Regression Model with Covariates Missing at Random
Creators: name: Ibrahim, Joseph G.
name: Zhu, Hongtu
name: Garcia, Ramon I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: We consider variable selection in the Cox regression model (Cox, 1975, Biometrika 362, 269–276) with covariates missing at random. We investigate the smoothly clipped absolute deviation penalty and adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalty, and propose a unified model selection and estimation procedure. A computationally attractive algorithm is developed, which simultaneously optimizes the penalized likelihood function and penalty parameters. We also optimize a model selection criterion, called the ICQ statistic (Ibrahim, Zhu, and Tang, 2008, Journal of the American Statistical Association 103, 1648–1658), to estimate the penalty parameters and show that it consistently selects all important covariates. Simulations are performed to evaluate the finite sample performance of the penalty estimates. Also, two lung cancer data sets are analyzed to demonstrate the proposed methodology.
Completely Device Independent Quantum Key Distribution
Creators: name: Aguilar, E. A.
name: Ramanathan, R.
name: Kofler, J.
name: Pawlowski, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a provably secure way for two distant parties to establish a common secret key, which then can be used in a classical cryptographic scheme. Using quantum entanglement, one can reduce the necessary assumptions that the parties have to make about their devices, giving rise to device-independent QKD (DIQKD). However, in all existing protocols to date the parties need to have an initial (at least partially) random seed as a resource. In this work, we show that this requirement can be dropped. Using recent advances in the fields of randomness amplification and randomness expansion, we demonstrate that it is sufficient for the message the parties want to communicate to be (partially) unknown to the adversaries -- an assumption without which any type of cryptography would be pointless to begin with. One party can use her secret message to locally generate a secret sequence of bits, which can then be openly used by herself and the other party in a DIQKD protocol. Hence, our work reduces the requirements needed to perform secure DIQKD and establish safe communication.
description: 7+7 pages , 4 figures
A Bivariate Pseudolikelihood for Incomplete Longitudinal Binary Data with Nonignorable Nonmonotone Missingness
Creators: name: Sinha, Sanjoy K.
name: Molenberghs, Geert
name: Troxel, Andrea B.
name: Ibrahim, Joseph G.
name: Lipsitz, Stuart R.
name: Sinha, Debajyoti
name: Fitzmaurice, Garrett M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: For analyzing longitudinal binary data with nonignorable and non-monotone missing responses, a full likelihood method is complicated algebraically, and often requires intensive computation, especially when there are many follow-up times. As an alternative, a pseudo-likelihood approach has been proposed in the literature under minimal parametric assumptions. This formulation only requires specification of the marginal distributions of the responses and missing data mechanism, and uses an independence working assumption. However, this estimator can be inefficient for estimating both time-varying and time-stationary effects under moderate to strong within-subject associations among repeated responses. In this article, we propose an alternative estimator, based on a bivariate pseudo-likelihood, and demonstrate in simulations that the proposed method can be much more efficient than the previous pseudo-likelihood obtained under the assumption of independence. We illustrate the method using longitudinal data on CD4 counts from two clinical trials of HIV-infected patients.
Natural Convection Heat Transfer from an Isothermal Plate
Creators: name: Jaffer, Aubrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using boundary-layer theory, natural convection heat transfer formulas which are accurate over a wide range of Rayleigh numbers ($Ra$) were developed in the 1970s and 1980s for vertical and downward-facing plates. A comprehensive formula for upward-facing plates remained unsolved because they do not form conventional boundary-layers. From the thermodynamic constraints on heat-engine efficiency, the novel approach presented here derives formulas for natural convection heat transfer from isothermal plates. The union of four peer-reviewed data-sets spanning $1
description: 26 pages; 12 figures; 13 tables; 17 references. Improved Abstract, Introduction, and Conclusion sections
A Partial Linear Model in the Outcome-Dependent Sampling Setting to Evaluate the Effect of Prenatal PCB Exposure on Cognitive Function in Children
Creators: name: Longnecker, Matthew P.
name: Qin, Guoyou
name: Zhou, Haibo
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Outcome-dependent sampling (ODS) has been widely used in biomedical studies because it is a cost effective way to improve study efficiency. However, in the setting of a continuous outcome, the representation of the exposure variable has been limited to the framework of linear models, due to the challenge in terms of both theory and computation. Partial linear models (PLM) are a powerful inference tool to nonparametrically model the relation between an outcome and the exposure variable. In this article, we consider a case study of a partial linear model for data from an ODS design. We propose a semiparametric maximum likelihood method to make inferences with a PLM. We develop the asymptotic properties and conduct simulation studies to show that the proposed ODS estimator can produce a more efficient estimate than that from a traditional simple random sampling design with the same sample size. Using this newly developed method, we were able to explore an open question in epidemiology: whether in utero exposure to background levels of PCBs is associated with children’s intellectual impairment. Our model provides further insights into the relation between low-level PCB exposure and children’s cognitive function. The results shed new light on a body of inconsistent epidemiologic findings.
Electromagnetic emission from long-lived binary neutron star merger remnants I: formulation of the problem
Creators: name: Siegel, Daniel M.
name: Ciolfi, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binary neutron star (BNS) mergers are the leading model to explain the phenomenology of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs), which are among the most luminous explosions in the universe. Recent observations of long-lasting X-ray afterglows of SGRBs challenge standard paradigms and indicate that in a large fraction of events a long-lived neutron star (NS) may be formed rather than a black hole. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these afterglows is necessary in order to address the open questions concerning the nature of SGRB central engines. However, recent theoretical progress has been hampered by the fact that the timescales of interest for the afterglow emission are inaccessible to numerical relativity simulations. Here we present a detailed model to bridge the gap between numerical simulations of the merger process and the relevant timescales for the afterglows, assuming that the merger results in a long-lived NS. This model is formulated in terms of a set of coupled differential equations that follow the evolution of the post-merger system and predict its electromagnetic (EM) emission in a self-consistent way, starting from initial data that can be extracted from BNS merger simulations and taking into account the most relevant radiative processes. Moreover, the model can accomodate the collapse of the remnant NS at any time during the evolution as well as different scenarios for the prompt SGRB emission. A second major reason of interest for BNS mergers is that they are considered the most promising source of gravitational waves (GWs) for detection with the advanced ground-based detector network LIGO/Virgo coming online this year. Multimessenger astronomy with joint EM and GW observations of the merger and post-merger phase can greatly enhance the scientific output of either type of observation. However, the actual benefit depends on ...
description: 27 pages, 3 figures, 4 appendices
(103000) Alice Muriel Leigh
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Additive Mixed Effect Model for Clustered Failure Time Data
Creators: name: Zeng, Donglin
name: Cai, Jianwen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: We propose an additive mixed effect model to analyze clustered failure time data. The proposed model assumes an additive structure and include a random effect as an additional component. Our model imitates the commonly used mixed effect models in repeated measurement analysis but under the context of hazards regression; our model can also be considered as a parallel development of the gamma-frailty model in additive model structures. We develop estimating equations for parameter estimation and propose a way of assessing the distribution of the latent random effect in the presence of large clusters. We establish the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator. The small sample performance of our method is demonstrated via a large number of simulation studies. Finally, we apply the proposed model to analyze data from a diabetic study and a treatment trial for congestive heart failure.
Semantics-driven Attentive Few-shot Learning over Clean and Noisy Samples
Creators: name: Baran, Orhun Buğra
name: Cinbiş, Ramazan Gökberk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Over the last couple of years few-shot learning (FSL) has attracted great attention towards minimizing the dependency on labeled training examples. An inherent difficulty in FSL is the handling of ambiguities resulting from having too few training samples per class. To tackle this fundamental challenge in FSL, we aim to train meta-learner models that can leverage prior semantic knowledge about novel classes to guide the classifier synthesis process. In particular, we propose semantically-conditioned feature attention and sample attention mechanisms that estimate the importance of representation dimensions and training instances. We also study the problem of sample noise in FSL, towards the utilization of meta-learners in more realistic and imperfect settings. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed semantic FSL model with and without sample noise.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures
Bayesian Design of Noninferiority Trials for Medical Devices Using Historical Data
Creators: name: Ibrahim, Joseph G.
name: Lam, Peter
name: Yu, Alan
name: Zhang, Yuanye
name: Chen, Ming Hui
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: We develop a new Bayesian approach of sample size determination (SSD) for the design of non-inferiority clinical trials. We extend the fitting and sampling priors of Wang and Gelfand (2002) to Bayesian SSD with a focus on controlling the type I error and power. Historical data are incorporated via a hierarchical modeling approach as well as the power prior approach of Ibrahim and Chen (2000). Various properties of the proposed Bayesian SSD methodology are examined and a simulation-based computational algorithm is developed. The proposed methodology is applied to the design of a non-inferiority medical device clinical trial with historical data from previous trials.
Overfitting Affects the Reliability of Radial Velocity Mass Estimates of the V1298 Tau Planets
Creators: name: Blunt, Sarah
name: Carvalho, Adolfo
name: David, Trevor J.
name: Beichman, Charles
name: Zink, Jon K.
name: Gaidos, Eric
name: Behmard, Aida
name: Bouma, Luke G.
name: Cody, Devin
name: Dai, Fei
name: Foreman-Mackey, Daniel
name: Grunblatt, Sam
name: Howard, Andrew W.
name: Kosiarek, Molly
name: Knutson, Heather A.
name: Rubenzahl, Ryan A.
name: Beard, Corey
name: Chontos, Ashley
name: Giacalone, Steven
name: Hirano, Teruyuki
name: Johnson, Marshall C.
name: Lubin, Jack
name: Murphy, Joseph M. Akana
name: Petigura, Erik A
name: Van Zandt, Judah
name: Weiss, Lauren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mass, radius, and age measurements of young (<100 Myr) planets have the power to shape our understanding of planet formation. However, young stars tend to be extremely variable in both photometry and radial velocity, which makes constraining these properties challenging. The V1298 Tau system of four ~0.5 Rjup planets transiting a pre-main sequence star presents an important, if stress-inducing, opportunity to directly observe and measure the properties of infant planets. Suárez-Mascareño et al. (2021) published radial-velocity-derived masses for two of the V1298 Tau planets using a state-of-the-art Gaussian Process regression framework. The planetary densities computed from these masses were surprisingly high, implying extremely rapid contraction after formation in tension with most existing planet formation theories. In an effort to further constrain the masses of the V1298 Tau planets, we obtained 36 RVs using Keck/HIRES, and analyzed them in concert with published RVs and photometry. Through performing a suite of cross validation tests, we found evidence that the preferred model of SM21 suffers from overfitting, defined as the inability to predict unseen data, rendering the masses unreliable. We detail several potential causes of this overfitting, many of which may be important for other RV analyses of other active stars, and recommend that additional time and resources be allocated to understanding and mitigating activity in active young stars such as V1298 Tau.
description: 26 pages, 12 figures; published in AJ
Operational formulation of time reversal in quantum theory
Creators: name: Oreshkov, Ognyan
name: Cerf, Nicolas J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The symmetry of quantum theory under time reversal has long been a subject of controversy because the transition probabilities given by Born's rule do not apply backward in time. Here, we resolve this problem within a rigorous operational probabilistic framework. We argue that reconciling time reversal with the probabilistic rules of the theory requires a notion of operation that permits realizations via both pre- and post-selection. We develop the generalized formulation of quantum theory that stems from this approach and give a precise definition of time-reversal symmetry, emphasizing a previously overlooked distinction between states and effects. We prove an analogue of Wigner's theorem, which characterizes all allowed symmetry transformations in this operationally time-symmetric quantum theory. Remarkably, we find larger classes of symmetry transformations than those assumed before. This suggests a possible direction for search of extensions of known physics.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
Cataclysmic Variables in J-PLUS and J-PAS
Creators: name: Ederoclite, Alessandro
name: Ortega, Antonio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: stars
cataclysmic variables
surveys

description: Cataclysmic variables (CVs) are interacting binary stars in which a white dwarf is accreting mass from a Roche-lobe filling main sequence star. The optical spectrum of a CV is the result of the combination of three components (the white dwarf, the main sequence star and the accretion disc) with different weights depending on the characteristics of the individual system. The Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS) is a survey of thousands of square degrees in 12 filters (5 broad band and 7 narrow band) carried out with the 80cm Javalambre Auxiliary Survey Telescope (JAST80) at the Observatorio Astrofísico de Javalambre (OAJ, Spain). The Javalambre Photometry of the accelerating universe Astrophysical Survey (J-PAS) a survey carried out with the 2.5m Javalambre Survey Telescope (JST250), at OAJ, observing a similar footprint to J-PLUS in 56 narrow bands, offering a unique probe into the optical spectra of virtually any astrophysical object. In this work, we present a search for CVs in the third data release of J-PLUS. We also present the convolution of the spectra of known CVs with the response curve of J-PAS and explore the way to identify CVs in this survey and separate them from their main foreseeable contaminants (hot stars, non accreting white dwarf - main sequence star binaries and quasars). We use this synthetic photometry to propose a methodology to identify CVs using only J-PAS photometry.
Core States of Neutron Stars from Anatomizing their Scaled Structure Equations
Creators: name: Cai, Bao-Jun
name: Li, Bao-An
name: Zhang, Zhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given an Equation of State (EOS) for neutron star (NS) matter, there is a unique mass-radius sequence characterized by a maximum mass $M_{\rm{NS}}^{\max}$ at radius $R_{\max}$. We first show analytically that the $M_{\rm{NS}}^{\max}$ and $R_{\max}$ scale linearly with two different combinations of NS central pressure $P_{\rm{c}}$ and energy density $\varepsilon_{\rm{c}}$ by dissecting perturbatively the dimensionless Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equations governing NS internal variables. The scaling relations are then verified via 87 widely used and rather diverse phenomenological as well as 17 microscopic NS EOSs with/without considering hadron-quark phase transitions and hyperons by solving numerically the original TOV equations. The EOS of densest NS matter allowed before it collapses into a black hole (BH) is then obtained. Using the universal $M_{\rm{NS}}^{\max}$ and $R_{\max}$ scalings and NICER (Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer) and XMM-Newton mass-radius observational data for PSR J0740+6620, a very narrow constraining band on the NS central EOS is extracted directly from the data for the first time without using any specific input EOS model.
description: APJ in press
Bayesian Variable Selection for Latent Class Models
Creators: name: Siega-Riz, Anna Maria
name: Herring, Amy H.
name: Ghosh, Joyee
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: In this article we develop a latent class model with class probabilities that depend on subject-specific covariates. One of our major goals is to identify important predictors of latent classes. We consider methodology that allows estimation of latent classes while allowing for variable selection uncertainty. We propose a Bayesian variable selection approach and implement a stochastic search Gibbs sampler for posterior computation to obtain model averaged estimates of quantities of interest such as marginal inclusion probabilities of predictors. Our methods are illustrated through simulation studies and application to data on weight gain during pregnancy, where it is of interest to identify important predictors of latent weight gain classes.
Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm pseudo-Boltzmann states
Creators: name: Díez-Valle, Pablo
name: Porras, Diego
name: García-Ripoll, Juan José
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, we provide analytical and numerical evidence that the single-layer Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) on universal Ising spin models produces thermal-like states. We find that these pseudo-Boltzmann states can not be efficiently simulated on classical computers according to the general state-of-the-art condition that ensures rapid mixing for Ising models. Moreover, we observe that the temperature depends on a hidden universal correlation between the energy of a state and the covariance of other energy levels and the Hamming distances of the state to those energies.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures + Supplementary material (7 pages, 6 figures). v3: close to the published version
The metal-poor thin disc of the Milky Way with Galah and Gaia DR3
Creators: name: Fernández-Alvar, Emma
name: Kordopatis, Georges
name: Hill, Vanessa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: In this poster I present the finding of very metal-poor thin-disc-like stars within the Galah survey, confirming a previous discovery using the Pristine photometric database. In line with recent observational studies of Milky-Way metal-poor stars, these results open new questions and add valuable constraints to the research of how the thin disc of the Milk-Way formed. These studies reveal the existence of both kinematical disc-like and halo-like stars along the whole metallicity range down to extremely low metallicities. However, our analysis reveals that the chemo-dynamical properties of the halo and disc populations vary depending on the metallicity regime considered. This characterisation reflects key moments of the Milky-Way history, in particular of the formation of the disc and its settlement in a thin configuration.
Averaged wave operators and complex-symmetric operators
Creators: name: Bessonov, Roman
name: Kapustin, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 47B38, Secondary 47A58

description: We study the behaviour of sequences $U_2^n X U_1^{-n}$, where $U_1, U_2$ are unitary operators, whose spectral measures are singular with respect to the Lebesgue measure, and the commutator $XU_1-U_2X$ is small in a sense. The conjecture about the weak averaged convergence of the difference $U_2^n X U_1^{-n}-U_2^{-n} X U_1^n$ to the zero operator is discussed and its connection with complex-symmetric operators is established in a general situation. For a model case where $U_1=U_2$ is the unitary operator of multiplication by $z$ on $L^2(μ)$, sufficient conditions for the convergence as in the Conjecture are given in terms of kernels of integral operators.
description: 13 pages
Big problems in spatio-temporal disease mapping: methods and software
Creators: name: Orozco-Acosta, E.
name: Adin, A.
name: Ugarte, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fitting spatio-temporal models for areal data is crucial in many fields such as cancer epidemiology. However, when data sets are very large, many issues arise. The main objective of this paper is to propose a general procedure to analyze high-dimensional spatio-temporal count data, with special emphasis on mortality/incidence relative risk estimation. We present a pragmatic and simple idea that permits to fit hierarchical spatio-temporal models when the number of small areas is very large. Model fitting is carried out using integrated nested Laplace approximations over a partition of the spatial domain. We also use parallel and distributed strategies to speed up computations in a setting where Bayesian model fitting is generally prohibitively time-consuming and even unfeasible. Using simulated and real data, we show that our method outperforms classical global models. We implement the methods and algorithms that we develop in the open-source R package bigDM where specific vignettes have been included to facilitate the use of the methodology for non-expert users. Our scalable methodology proposal provides reliable risk estimates when fitting Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal models for high-dimensional data.
Competing Risks Regression for Stratified Data
Creators: name: Zhou, Bingqing
name: Fine, Jason
name: Latouche, Aurelien
name: Rocha, Vanderson
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: For competing risks data, the Fine–Gray proportional hazards model for subdistribution has gained popularity for its convenience in directly assessing the effect of covariates on the cumulative incidence function. However, in many important applications, proportional hazards may not be satisfied, including multicenter clinical trials, where the baseline subdistribution hazards may not be common due to varying patient populations. In this article, we consider a stratified competing risks regression, to allow the baseline hazard to vary across levels of the stratification covariate. According to the relative size of the number of strata and strata sizes, two stratification regimes are considered. Using partial likelihood and weighting techniques, we obtain consistent estimators of regression parameters. The corresponding asymptotic properties and resulting inferences are provided for the two regimes separately. Data from a breast cancer clinical trial and from a bone marrow transplantation registry illustrate the potential utility of the stratified Fine–Gray model.
(102999) Ethel Maude Leigh
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.