cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The General Equilibrium Impacts of Reducing Agricultural Nutrient Emissions in Korea
Creators: name: Kwon, Ohsang
name: Kwon, Ohsang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Agricultural Nutrients
subject: Phosphorus Emission Permit
subject: Computable General Equilibrium Model

description: This study analyzes the general equilibrium impacts of regulating agricultural phosphorus emissions in Korea. A static computable general equilibrium model is constructed for the analysis. The study introduces a hypothetical phosphorus emission trading scheme that aims to reduce 10 percent of the total emission from the livestock sector in 2015. Scenario 1 of the analysis assumes that both livestock and fertilizer industries are subject to the regulation, while Scenario 2 assumes that only the livestock industry is subject to the regulation. The government’s emission permit revenue is recycled so that farm households maintain their pre-regulation welfare level. The welfare cost of non-farm households is about 0.4 percent of their total expenditure under both scenarios. The result shows that the marginal abatement cost of Scenario 2 is about 50 percent higher than that of Scenario 1. Although those two policy scenarios result in very similar simulated overall welfare impacts, they have substantial differences in industry-specific effects on domestic production, consumer price, and import/export.
Wigner's form of the Leggett-Garg inequality, No-Signalling in Time, and Unsharp Measurements
Creators: name: Saha, Debashis
name: Mal, Shiladitya
name: Panigrahi, Prasanta K.
name: Home, Dipankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wigner's form of the local realist inequality is used to derive its temporal version for an oscillating two-level system involving two-time joint probabilities. Such an inequality may be regarded as a novel form of the Leggett-Garg inequality (LGI) constituting a necessary condition for macrorealism. The robustness of its quantum mechanical (QM) violation against unsharpness of measurement is investigated by using a suitable model of unsharp measurements. It is found that there exists a range of values of the sharpness parameter (characterizing precision of the relevant measurements) for which the usual LGI is satisfied by QM, but Wigner's form of the LGI (WLGI) is violated. This implies that for such unsharp measurements, the QM violation of macrorealism cannot be tested using the usual LGI, but can be tested using WLGI. In showing this, we take into account the general form of the usual LGI involving an arbitrary number of pairs of two-time correlation functions. Another recently proposed necessary condition for macrorealism, called `no-signalling in time', is also probed, showing that its QM violation persists for arbitrarily unsharp measurements.
Social media use for postgraduate cellular pathology training
Creators: name: Lim, Shujing
name: Lim, Ming
name: Pulle, Julian
name: Kendall, Timothy
name: Robinson, Max
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Cellular pathology
subject: Histopathology
subject: Pathology training
subject: Postgraduate medical education
subject: Social Media
subject: Teaching and Learning

description: Social media use for teaching and learning in postgraduate cellular pathology training: A systematic review with narrative synthesis
Validation of the Geant4 simulation of bremsstrahlung from thick targets below 3 MeV
Creators: name: Pandola, Luciano
name: Andenna, Claudio
name: Caccia, Barbara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bremsstrahlung spectra produced by electrons impinging on thick targets are simulated using the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit. Simulations are validated against experimental data available in literature for a range of energy between 0.5 and 2.8 MeV for Al and Fe targets and for a value of energy of 70keV for Al, Ag, W and Pb targets. All three independent sets of electromagnetic models available in Geant4 to simulate bremsstrahlung are tested. A quantitative analysis is performed reproducing with each model the energy spectrum for the different configurations of emission angles, energies and targets. At higher energies (0.5-2.8 MeV) of the impinging electrons on Al and Fe targets, Geant4 is able to reproduce the spectral shapes and the integral photon emission in the forward direction. The agreement is within 10-30%, depending on energy, emission angle and target material. The physics model based on the Penelope Monte Carlo code is in slightly better agreement with the measured data than the other two. However, all models over-estimate the photon emission in the backward hemisphere. For the lower energy study (70 keV), which includes higher-Z targets, all models systematically under-estimate the total photon yield, while still providing a reasonable agreement between 10 and 50%. The results of this work are of potential interest for medical physics applications, where knowledge of the energy spectra and angular distributions of photons is needed for accurate dose calculations with Monte Carlo and other fluence-based methods.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to Nucl. Instr. Meth B. Revised version
The Domestic Wood Industry’s Contribution to the National Economy and Its Growth Factors
Creators: name: Nam, Kyungsoo
name: Nam, Kyungsoo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: wood industry
subject: national economy
subject: level of contribution

description: For the sustainable development of the wood industry, this study examines the impact of the wood industry on the national economy. It identifies factors that promote the growth of the sector. The wood industry consists of 17 wood-related industries from the classification of the input-output table. The result shows that the contribution of the wood industry to the national economy is estimated to be 32,253.6 billion won and 2,486.5 billion won based on the amount of output and value-added, respectively, as of 2018. In other words, even though the self-sufficiency rate of raw materials is less than 20%, the wood industry has a tremendous impact on the national economy. Moreover, the decomposition of the growth rate shows that the main factor in the growth of the wood industry is the effect of expanding final domestic demand. The factors that hindered the growth are the effect of substituting intermediate goods imports and the impact of technological change. The result implies that the expansion of the final demand of the domestic wood industry has a positive effect on the shift in domestic output. On the other hand, the dependence on raw material imports and the stagnation of technological development harm the growth of the wood industry.
The Effect of Anisotropic Viscosity on Cold Fronts in Galaxy Clusters
Creators: name: ZuHone, J. A.
name: Kunz, M. W.
name: Markevitch, M.
name: Stone, J. M.
name: Biffi, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cold fronts -- contact discontinuities in the intracluster medium (ICM) of galaxy clusters -- should be disrupted by Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) instabilities due to the associated shear velocity. However, many observed cold fronts appear stable. This opens the possibility to place constraints on microphysical mechanisms that stabilize them, such as the ICM viscosity and/or magnetic fields. We performed exploratory high-resolution simulations of cold fronts arising from subsonic gas sloshing in cluster cores using the grid-based Athena MHD code, comparing the effects of isotropic Spitzer and anisotropic Braginskii viscosity (expected in a magnetized plasma). Magnetized simulations with full Braginskii viscosity or isotropic Spitzer viscosity reduced by a factor f ~ 0.1 are both in qualitative agreement with observations in terms of suppressing K-H instabilities. The RMS velocity of turbulence within the sloshing region is only modestly reduced by Braginskii viscosity. We also performed unmagnetized simulations with and without viscosity and find that magnetic fields have a substantial effect on the appearance of the cold fronts, even if the initial field is weak and the viscosity is the same. This suggests that determining the dominant suppression mechanism of a given cold front from X-ray observations (e.g. viscosity or magnetic fields) by comparison with simulations is not straightforward. Finally, we performed simulations including anisotropic thermal conduction, and find that including Braginskii viscosity in these simulations does not significant affect the evolution of cold fronts; they are rapidly smeared out by thermal conduction, as in the inviscid case.
description: v1: 20 pages, 16 figures, submitted to the Astrophysical Journal. v2: fixed some typos. v3: version accepted by referee, 21 pages, 18 figures
The neuropathogenesis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection: Barriers to overcome
Creators: name: Hudson, Lola C.
name: Meeker, Rick B.
name: Callanan, John J.
name: Fletcher, Nicola F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, is a neurotropic lentivirus, and both natural and experimental infections are associated with neuropathology. FIV enters the brain early following experimental infection, most likely via the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers. The exact mechanism of entry, and the factors that influence this entry, are not fully understood. As FIV is a recognised model of HIV-1 infection, understanding such mechanisms is important, particularly as HIV enters the brain early in infection. Furthermore, the development of strategies to combat this central nervous system (CNS) infection requires an understanding of the interactions between the virus and the CNS. In this review the results of both in vitro and in vivo FIV studies are assessed in an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms of viral entry into the brain.
Dietary intake of choline and plasma choline concentrations in pregnant women in Jamaica
Creators: name: McFarlane-Anderson, N
name: Gossell-Williams, M
name: Fletcher, H
name: Jacob, A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Choline is an essential nutrient for humans and its availability during pregnancy is important for optimal fetal development. The Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine in the United States of America has set the adequate choline intake during pregnancy at 450 mg/day. There is limited data available on normal plasma choline concentrations in pregnancy. Moreover, there are neither documented studies of choline intake among pregnant women in the Jamaican population nor of free plasma choline concentrations during pregnancy. Sixteen women presenting to the antenatal clinic of the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) at 10−15 weeks of gestation were selected for this pilot study. A food frequency questionnaire was administered to estimate frequency of consumption of foods rich in choline. Fasting blood samples were collected by venepuncture and plasma assayed for choline using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization isotopic dilution mass spectrometry. Most of the women reported consumption of diets that delivered less than the recommended choline intake (mean ± SEM, 278.5 ± 28.9 mg). Mean plasma choline concentration was 8.4 ± 0.4 μmol/L. This falls below the normal concentration (10 μmol/L) reported for individuals that are not pregnant and pregnant (14.5 μmol/L). The results of this study may be an indication that the choline included in the diet of pregnant women in Jamaica may not be adequate to meet both the needs of the mother and fetus and that further studies are warranted to determine clinical implications.
Investigation of the genetic interaction between BDNF and DRD3 genes in suicidical behaviour in psychiatric disorders
Creators: name: Tiwari, Arun K.
name: Sønderby, Ida Elken
name: Manchia, Mirko
name: Vincent, John B.
name: Vaaler, Arne E.
name: Squassina, Alessio
name: King, Nicole
name: Le Foll, Bernard
name: Kaplan, Allan S.
name: Djurovic, Srdjan
name: Andreassen, Ole A.
name: Finseth, Per I.
name: Zai, Gwyneth C.
name: Yilmaz, Zeynep
name: Kennedy, James L.
name: Zai, Clement C.
name: Strauss, John
name: Shaikh, Sajid A.
name: De Luca, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Suicide is a serious public health concern, and it is partly genetic. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene has been a strong candidate in genetic studies of suicide (Zai et al, 2012; Dwivedi et al, 2010) and BDNF regulates the expression of the dopamine D3 receptor.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory disease symposium: summation and significance.
Creators: name: Clyde, W. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1983

description: The symposium on M. pneumoniae respiratory disease has examined the clinical expression of infection in adults and children, the pathophysiologic disturbances which occur, and the laboratory diagnosis by isolation and serology. That these infections are very common has been well documented; however, a variable incidence over periods of several years tends to minimize importance of the disease for many clinicians. While good laboratory diagnostic methods exist, they provide retrospective insight predominantly and are not useful for early diagnosis or therapeutic decision making. Development of rapid diagnostic methods which are sensitive and specific is an important goal for future research. Success would facilitate our understanding and control of M. pneumoniae disease.
Quantum gravitational dust collapse does not result in a black hole
Creators: name: Vaz, Cenalo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum gravity suggests that the paradox recently put forward by Almheiri et. al. (AMPS) can be resolved if matter does not undergo continuous collapse to a singularity but condenses on the apparent horizon. One can then expect a quasi-static object to form even after the gravitational field has overcome any degeneracy pressure of the matter fields. We consider dust collapse. If the collapse terminates on the apparent horizon, the Misner-Sharp mass function of the dust ball is predicted and we construct static solutions with no tangential pressure that would represent such a compact object. The collapse wave functions indicate that there will be processes by which energy extraction from the center occurs. These leave behind a negative point mass at the center which contributes to the total energy of the system but has no effect on the the energy density of the dust ball. The solutions describe a compact object whose boundary lies outside its Schwarzschild radius and which is hardly distinguishable from a neutron star.
description: 12 pages, no figures. Title changed. Discussion added. Version to appear in Nucl. Phys. B
Yield estimation of neutron-rich rare isotopes induced by 200 MeV/u $^{132}$Sn beams by using GEANT4
Creators: name: Shin, Jae Won
name: Min, Kyung Joo
name: Ham, Cheolmin
name: Park, Tae-Sun
name: Hong, Seung-Woo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A so-called "two-step reaction scheme", in which neutron-rich rare isotopes obtained from ISOL are post-accelerated and bombarded on a second target, is employed to estimate the production yields of exotic rare isotopes. The production yields of neutron-rich rare isotope fragments induced by 200 MeV/u $^{132}$Sn beams bombarded on a $^{9}$Be target are estimated with Monte Carlo code, GEANT4. To substantiate the use of GEANT4 for this study, benchmark calculations are done for 80 MeV/u $^{59}$Co, 95 MeV/u $^{72}$Zn, 500 MeV/u $^{92}$Mo, and 950 MeV/u $^{132}$Sn beams on the $^{9}$Be target. It is found that $^{132}$Sn beams can produce neutron-rich rare isotopes with 45 $\leq$ Z $\leq$ 50 more effectively than $^{238}$U beams at the same energy per nucleon.
A defect-in-continuity in the canine femur: and in-vivo experimental model for the study of bone graft incorporation.
Creators: name: Perren, S.
name: Probe, R.
name: Lindsey, R. W.
name: Miclau, T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: The in-vivo study of bone graft incorporation has traditionally used a segmental diaphyseal bone defect. This model reliably produces a nonunion, but is complicated by graft instability and altered limb loading stresses. The authors discuss the advantages of a defect-in-continuity canine femur model which produces a more consistent union with fewer mechanical complications despite the absence of fixation. This proposed model permits analysis of radiographic, histologic and biomechanical data which are more applicable to the usual clinical setting in which bone graft is required.ImagesFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4Figure 5Figure 6
Agent-based modeling of competence phenotype switching in Bacillus subtilis
Creators: name: Stiegelmeyer, Suzy M
name: Giddings, Morgan C
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: BackgroundIt is a fascinating phenomenon that in genetically identical bacteria populations of Bacillus subtilis, a distinct DNA uptake phenotype called the competence phenotype may emerge in 10–20% of the population. Many aspects of the phenomenon are believed to be due to the variable expression of critical genes: a stochastic occurrence termed “noise” which has made the phenomenon difficult to examine directly by lab experimentation.MethodsTo capture and model noise in this system and further understand the emergence of competence both at the intracellular and culture levels in B. subtilis, we developed a novel multi-scale, agent-based model. At the intracellular level, our model recreates the regulatory network involved in the competence phenotype. At the culture level, we simulated growth conditions, with our multi-scale model providing feedback between the two levels.ResultsOur model predicted three potential sources of genetic “noise”. First, the random spatial arrangement of molecules may influence the manifestation of the competence phenotype. In addition, the evidence suggests that there may be a type of epigenetic heritability to the emergence of competence, influenced by the molecular concentrations of key competence molecules inherited through cell division. Finally, the emergence of competence during the stationary phase may in part be due to the dilution effect of cell division upon protein concentrations.ConclusionsThe competence phenotype was easily translated into an agent-based model – one with the ability to illuminate complex cell behavior. Models such as the one described in this paper can simulate cell behavior that is otherwise unobservable in vivo, highlighting their potential usefulness as research tools.
Variational cluster approach to s-wave pairing in heavy-fermion superconductors
Creators: name: Masuda, Keisuke
name: Yamamoto, Daisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study s-wave Cooper pairing in heavy-fermion systems. We analyze the periodic Anderson model by means of the variational cluster approach (VCA) focusing on the interorbital Cooper pairing between a conduction electron ($c$ electron) and an $f$ electron, called the "$c$-$f$ pairing." It is shown that the s-wave superconductivity appears coexisting with long-range antiferromagnetic order when electrons or holes are doped into the system at half filling. The antiferromagnetic order vanishes when the doping concentration exceeds a certain critical value, leading to a pure s-wave superconducting state. Moreover, the comparative study with different reference systems used in the VCA shows that the interorbital $c$-$f$ pairing is essential for the appearance of the s-wave superconductivity.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Eigenvalues of Curvature, Lyapunov exponents and Harder-Narasimhan filtrations
Creators: name: Yu, Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32G15, 30F60, 14H10, 37D25, 53C07

description: Inspired by Katz-Mazur theorem on crystalline cohomology and by Eskin-Kontsevich-Zorich's numerical experiments, we conjecture that the polygon of Lyapunov spectrum lies above (or on) the Harder-Narasimhan polygon of the Hodge bundle over any Teichmüller curve. We also discuss the connections between the two polygons and the integral of eigenvalues of the curvature of the Hodge bundle by using Atiyah-Bott, Forni and Möller's works. We obtain several applications to Teichmüller dynamics conditional to the conjecture.
description: 37 pages. We rewrite this paper without changing the mathematics content. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1112.5872, arXiv:1204.1707 by other authors
Device-independent quantum reading and noise-assisted quantum transmitters
Creators: name: Roga, Wojciech
name: Buono, Daniela
name: Illuminati, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In quantum reading, a quantum state of light (transmitter) is applied to read classical information. In the presence of noise or for sufficiently weak signals, quantum reading can outperform classical reading by enhanced state distinguishability. Here we show that the enhanced quantum efficiency depends on the presence in the transmitter of a particular type of quantum correlations, the discord of response. Different encodings and transmitters give rise to different levels of efficiency. Considering noisy quantum probes we show that squeezed thermal transmitters with non-symmetrically distributed noise among the field modes yield a higher quantum efficiency compared to coherent thermal quantum states. The noise-enhanced quantum advantage is a consequence of the discord of response being a non-decreasing function of increasing thermal noise under constant squeezing, a behavior that leads to an increased state distinguishability. We finally show that, for non-symmetric squeezed thermal states, the probability of error, as measured by the quantum Chernoff bound, vanishes asymptotically with increasing local thermal noise at finite global squeezing. Therefore, at fixed finite squeezing, noisy but strongly discordant quantum states with large noise imbalance between the field modes can outperform noisy classical resources as well as pure entangled transmitters with the same finite level of squeezing.
description: Revised and improved version, new results added. Accepted for publication, to appear in New J. Phys. 19 pages, 10 figures
Integrin Targeted Delivery of Gene Therapeutics
Creators: name: Yoo, Hoon
name: Xu, Rongzuo
name: Juliano, Rudy L
name: Nakagawa, Osamu
name: Ming, Xin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Integrins have become key targets for molecular imaging and for selective delivery of anti-cancer agents. Here we review recent work concerning the targeted delivery of antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides via integrins. A variety of approaches have been used to link oligonucleotides to ligands capable of binding integrins with high specificity and affinity. This includes direct chemical conjugation, incorporating oligonucleotides into lipoplexes, and use of various polymeric nanocarriers including dendrimers. The ligand-oligonucleotide conjugate or complex associates selectively with the integrin, followed by internalization into endosomes and trafficking through subcellular compartments. Escape of antisense or siRNA from the endosome to the cytosol and nucleus may come about through endogenous trafficking mechanisms, or because of membrane disrupting capabilities built into the conjugate or complex. Thus a variety of useful strategies are available for using integrins to enhance the pharmacological efficacy of therapeutic oligonucleotides.
Estimation of Willingness to Pay for Public Benefit Evaluation of Forest Roads in Recreational Forests
Creators: name: Jeon, Chulhyun
name: Jeon, Chulhyun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: recreational forests: RF
subject: forest road
subject: public benefit

description: The purpose of this research is to analyze recreational forest visitors' behavior and to estimate public benefit from forest roads, which play various and positive roles, such as open green space, timber production, forest management, and forest fire prevention. A DBCV (double bounded contingent valuation) onsite survey was conducted nationwide from July 20th~August 7th in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis result of 500 respondents proves that the improvement of accessibility for forest users and the provision of recreation opportunities and recreational facilities through forest road development (both in quality and quantity) substantially affects forest users’ economic welfare in recreational forests (RF). Also, the survey result shows 4.6 visits within 3 years for forest scenery and refreshment with family. About 60% of the respondents recognize the importance of forest roads within recreational forests and about 80% represent a positive response to the contribution of recreational forest roads. The WTP (willingness to pay) of the respondents through the logit model applied is estimated at KRW 1,803.04 per person/visit for a year and the result of benefit expansion based on the WTP estimation is calculated to be KRW 43.24 billion. Hence, the result shows that increasing forest road quality and quantity within the RF contributes to forest users’ economic welfare in terms of forest recreational satisfaction. It will be the fundamental data on economic analysis related to forest-road construction plans and forest policies reflecting the increasing demand of consumers based on their preference.
Phase-Change Nanoparticles Using Highly Volatile Perfluorocarbons: Toward a Platform for Extravascular Ultrasound Imaging
Creators: name: Luois, Samantha
name: Mullin, Lee B.
name: Dayton, Paul A.
name: Sheeran, Paul S.
name: Banerjee, Bhaskar
name: Streeter, Jason E.
name: Matsunaga, Terry O.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Recent efforts using perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanoparticles in conjunction with acoustic droplet vaporization has introduced the possibility of expanding the diagnostic and therapeutic capability of ultrasound contrast agents to beyond the vascular space. Our laboratories have developed phase-change nanoparticles (PCNs) from the highly volatile PFCs decafluorobutane (DFB, bp -2 °C) and octafluoropropane (OFP, bp -37 °C ) for acoustic droplet vaporization. Studies with commonly used clinical ultrasound scanners have demonstrated the ability to vaporize PCN emulsions with frequencies and mechanical indices that may significantly decrease tissue bioeffects. In addition, these contrast agents can be formulated to be stable at physiological temperatures and the perfluorocarbons can be mixed to modulate the balance between sensitivity to ultrasound and general stability. We herein discuss our recent efforts to develop finely-tuned diagnostic/molecular imaging agents for tissue interrogation. We discuss studies currently under investigation as well as potential diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms that may emerge as a result of formulating PCNs with low boiling point PFCs.
Microscopic Study of Vorticities in Relativistic Chiral Fermions
Creators: name: Sohrabi, Kiyoumars A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is usually believed that unlike the external magnetic field which one can set directly, vorticity is a property of the flow of particles, which is indirectly controlled by external fields and initial conditions. Using the curved-space technics it is shown that the influence of the vorticity on the relativistic chiral fermions can indeed be controlled directly.
description: 21 pages, 1 figure
Equitable partition of graphs into induced forests
Creators: name: Esperet, Louis
name: Lemoine, Laetitia
name: Maffray, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An equitable partition of a graph $G$ is a partition of the vertex-set of $G$ such that the sizes of any two parts differ by at most one. We show that every graph with an acyclic coloring with at most $k$ colors can be equitably partitioned into $k-1$ induced forests. We also prove that for any integers $d\ge 1$ and $k\ge 3^{d-1}$, any $d$-degenerate graph can be equitably partitioned into $k$ induced forests. Each of these results implies the existence of a constant $c$ such that for any $k \ge c$, any planar graph has an equitable partition into $k$ induced forests. This was conjectured by Wu, Zhang, and Li in 2013.
description: 4 pages, final version
Theranostic Oxygen Delivery Using Ultrasound and Microbubbles
Creators: name: Kaya, Mehmet
name: Kwan, James J.
name: Dayton, Paul A.
name: Borden, Mark A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Means to overcome tumor hypoxia have been the subject of clinical investigations since the 1960's; however these studies have yet to find a treatment which is widely accepted. It has been known for nearly a century that hypoxic cells are more resistant to radiotherapy than aerobic cells, and tumor hypoxia is a major factor leading to the resistance of tumors to radiation treatment as well as several cytotoxic agents. In this manuscript, the application of ultrasound combined with oxygen-carrier microbubbles is demonstrated as a method to locally increase dissolved oxygen. Microbubbles can also be imaged by ultrasound, thus providing the opportunity for image-guided oxygen delivery. Simulations of gas diffusion and microbubble gas exchange show that small amounts (down to 5 vol%) of a low-solubility osmotic gas can substantially increase microbubble persistence and therefore production rates and stability of oxygen-carrier microbubbles. Simulations also indicate that the lipid shell can be engineered with long-chain lipids to increase oxygen payload during in vivo transit. Experimental results demonstrate that the application of ultrasound to destroy the microbubbles significantly enhances the local oxygen release. We propose this technology as an application for ultrasound image-guided release of oxygen directly to hypoxic tissue, such as tumor sites to enhance radiotherapy.
Demystifying the Information Reconciliation Protocol Cascade
Creators: name: Martinez-Mateo, Jesus
name: Pacher, Christoph
name: Peev, Momtchil
name: Ciurana, Alex
name: Martin, Vicente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cascade is an information reconciliation protocol proposed in the context of secret key agreement in quantum cryptography. This protocol allows removing discrepancies in two partially correlated sequences that belong to distant parties, connected through a public noiseless channel. It is highly interactive, thus requiring a large number of channel communications between the parties to proceed and, although its efficiency is not optimal, it has become the de-facto standard for practical implementations of information reconciliation in quantum key distribution. The aim of this work is to analyze the performance of Cascade, to discuss its strengths, weaknesses and optimization possibilities, comparing with some of the modified versions that have been proposed in the literature. When looking at all design trade-offs, a new view emerges that allows to put forward a number of guidelines and propose near optimal parameters for the practical implementation of Cascade improving performance significantly in comparison with all previous proposals.
description: 30 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables
Single Top Production as a Probe of Heavy Resonances
Creators: name: Drueke, Elizabeth
name: Nutter, Joseph
name: Schwienhorst, Reinhard
name: Vignaroli, Natascia
name: Walker, Devin G. E.
name: Yu, Jiang-Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The single top quark final state provides sensitivity to new heavy resonances produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Particularly, the single top plus quark final state appears in models with heavy charged bosons or scalars, or in models with flavor-changing neutral currents involving the top quark. The cross sections and final state kinematics distinguish such models from each other and from standard model backgrounds. Several models of resonances decaying to a single top quark final state are presented and their phenomenology is discussed.
description: submitted to Phys. Rev. D
title: Visuelle Medien von und für Migrant*innen in Österreich, an den Beispielen biber und die_chefredaktion
Creators: name: Preißler, Iris
Year: 2022

description: Die Landschaft der Ethnomedien in Österreich, der Medien von und für Migrant*innen, ist viel-fältig. Diese Masterarbeit gibt einen Überblick über visuelle Ethnomedien und Migration in Ös-terreich und stellt Integrationsmodelle für Medien vor. Fokusmedien sind das Magazin biber und das Onlinemedium die_chefredaktion, weshalb als Forschungsfragen gewählt wurde, wie diese Medien arbeiten und welchen Sprach- und Medienideologien sie unterworfen sind. Dafür wur-den neben einer Literaturrecherche Interviews mit Redakteurinnen durchgeführt, transkribiert und analysiert. Ebenfalls wurden eine Diskursanalyse und eine Onlineumfrage durchgeführt. Als Ergebnisse sind anzuführen, dass beide Medien Sprach- bzw. Medienideologien unterworfen sind; besonders stechen dabei die normative Standardsprachideologie bei beiden Medien hervor, sowie bei die_chefredaktion die soziale Registrierung des eigenen Mediums als „divers“ und „cool“, während traditionelle Medien als „altmodisch“ und „uncool“ wahrgenommen werden. Beide Medien bemühen sich um Jugendlichkeit und Diversität und möchten sich von den Mas-senmedien abgrenzen. Die Onlineumfrage ergab, dass Ethnomedien noch nicht so bekannt sind, aber überwiegend positiv wahrgenommen werden als Möglichkeit, um andere Kulturen kennen-zulernen oder auch um zu einer gelungenen Integration beizutragen.
description: The landscape of ethnic media in Austria, media by and for migrants, is diverse. This master’s thesis gives an overview of visual ethnic media and migration in Austria and presents models of integration via media. Focus media are the magazine biber and the online medium die_chefredaktion. Research questions are how these two media work and what language and media ideologies they are subjected to. For this, a literature review was conducted. Besides, in-terviews with editors were carried out, transcribed and analysed and a discourse analysis and an online survey were conducted. Important results are that both media are subjected to language and media ideologies. The normative standardized language ideology could be detected in both media. Die_chefredaktion socially registers its own medium as “diverse” and “cool” whereas tra-ditional media are being perceived as “old-fashioned” and “uncool”. Both media take effort in reflecting youthfulness and diversity and want to distinguish themselves from traditional media. The online survey revealed that ethnic media aren’t well-known yet, but are being perceived mainly in a positive way as they can be used to get to know other cultures or can help with inte-grating.
Enhancing sensitivity to neutrino parameters at INO combining muon and hadron information
Creators: name: Devi, Moon Moon
name: Thakore, Tarak
name: Agarwalla, Sanjib Kumar
name: Dighe, Amol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The proposed ICAL experiment at INO aims to identify the neutrino mass hierarchy from observations of atmospheric neutrinos, and help improve the precision on the atmospheric neutrino mixing parameters. While the design of ICAL is primarily optimized to measure muon momentum, it is also capable of measuring the hadron energy in each event. Although the hadron energy is measured with relatively lower resolution, it nevertheless contains crucial information on the event, which may be extracted when taken concomitant with the muon data. We demonstrate that by adding the hadron energy information to the muon energy and muon direction in each event, the sensitivity of ICAL to the neutrino parameters can be improved significantly. Using the realistic detector response for ICAL, we present its enhanced reach for determining the neutrino mass hierarchy, the atmospheric mass squared difference and the mixing angle theta23, including its octant. In particular, we show that the analysis that uses hadron energy information can distinguish the normal and inverted mass hierarchies with Deltachi^2 approx 9 with 10 years exposure at the 50 kt ICAL, which corresponds to about 40% improvement over the muon-only analysis.
description: 25 pages, 26 pdf figures, 3 tables. Comments are welcome. One new table (Table 3). New references added. Some parts of the text rewritten to improve the discussion. Matches with published version
An In Vivo Evaluation of the Effect of Repeated Administration and Clearance of Targeted Contrast Agents on Molecular Imaging Signal Enhancement
Creators: name: Streeter, Jason E.
name: Dayton, Paul A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Competitive inhibition diminishes ligand adhesion as receptor sites become occupied with competing ligands. It is unknown if this effect occurs in ultrasound molecular imaging studies where endothelial binding sites become occupied with adherent bubbles or bubble fragments. The goal of this pilot study was to assess the effect that repeated administration and clearance of targeted agents has on successive adhesion. Two groups of animals were imaged with 3-D ultrasonic molecular imaging. Injections and imaging were performed on Group 1 at time 0 and 60 minutes. Group 2 received injections of microbubbles at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes with imaging at 0 and 60 minutes. At 60 minutes, Group 1 targeting relative to baseline was not significantly different from Group 2 (1.06±0.27 vs. 1.08±0.34, p=0.93). Data suggest that multiple injections of targeted microbubbles do not block sufficient binding sites to bias molecular imaging data in serial studies.
Studies on Antiretroviral Drug Concentrations in Breast Milk: Validation of a Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometric Method for the Determination of 7 Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Medications
Creators: name: Kashuba, Angela D M
name: Moselhy, Said S
name: Abdel-Megeed, Mohamed F
name: White, Nicole
name: Rezk, Naser L
name: Mohamed, Tarek M
name: Bridges, Arlene S
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Studying the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs in breast milk has important implications for the health of both the mother and the infant, particularly in resource-poor countries. Breast milk is a highly complex biological matrix, yet it is necessary to develop and validate methods in this matrix, which simultaneously measure multiple analytes, as women may be taking any number of drug combinations to combat human immunodeficiency virus infection. Here, we report a novel extraction method coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry for the accurate, precise, and specific measurement of 7 antiretroviral drugs currently prescribed to infected mothers. Using 200 µL of human breast milk, simultaneous quantification of lamivudine (3TC), stavudine (d4T), zidovudine (ZDV), nevirapine (NVP), nelfinavir (NFV), ritonavir, and lopinavir was validated over the range of 10–10,000 ng/mL. Intraday accuracy and precision for all analytes were 99.3% and 5.0 %, respectively. Interday accuracy and precision were 99.4 % and 7.8%, respectively. Cross-assay validation with UV detection was performed using clinical breast milk samples, and the results of the 2 assays were in good agreement (P = 0.0001, r = 0.97). Breast milk to plasma concentration ratios for the different antiretroviral drugs were determined as follows: 3TC = 2.96, d4T = 1.73, ZDV = 1.17, NVP = 0.82, and NFV = 0.21.
Cosmic microwave background anisotropies in the timescape cosmology
Creators: name: Nazer, M. Ahsan
name: Wiltshire, David L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the spectrum of cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies in the timescape cosmology: a potentially viable alternative to homogeneous isotropic cosmologies without dark energy. We exploit the fact that the timescape cosmology is extremely close to the standard cosmology at early epochs to adapt existing numerical codes to produce CMB anisotropy spectra, and to match these as closely as possible to the timescape expansion history. A variety of matching methods are studied and compared. We perform Markov Chain Monte Carlo analyses on the parameter space, and fit CMB multipoles $50 \le \ell \le 2500$ to the Planck satellite data. Parameter fits include a dressed Hubble constant, $H_0 = 61.0$ km/s/Mpc ($\pm$ 1.3% stat) ($\pm$ 8% sys), and a present void volume fraction $f_{v0} = 0.627$ ($\pm$ 2.3% stat) ($\pm$ 13% sys). We find best fit likelihoods which are comparable to that of the best fit Lambda CDM cosmology in the same multipole range. In contrast to earlier results, the parameter constraints afforded by this analysis no longer admit the possibility of a solution to the primordial lithium abundance anomaly. This issue is related to a strong constraint between the ratio of baryonic to nonbaryonic dark matter and the ratio of heights of the second and third acoustic peaks, which cannot be changed as long as the standard cosmology is assumed up to the surface of last scattering. These conclusions may change if backreaction terms are also included in the radiation-dominated primordial plasma.
description: 28 pages, 13 figures; v2: 3 references added; v3 minor typos fixed, matches version in Phys. Rev. D
Probing Neutrino Oscillation Parameters using High Power Superbeam from ESS
Creators: name: Agarwalla, Sanjib Kumar
name: Choubey, Sandhya
name: Prakash, Suprabh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A high-power neutrino superbeam experiment at the ESS facility has been proposed such that the source-detector distance falls at the second oscillation maximum, giving very good sensitivity towards establishing CP violation. In this work, we explore the comparative physics reach of the experiment in terms of leptonic CP-violation, precision on atmospheric parameters, non-maximal theta23, and its octant for a variety of choices for the baselines. We also vary the neutrino vs. the anti-neutrino running time for the beam, and study its impact on the physics goals of the experiment. We find that for the determination of CP violation, 540 km baseline with 7 years of neutrino and 3 years of anti-neutrino (7nu+3nubar) run-plan performs the best and one expects a 5sigma sensitivity to CP violation for 48% of true values of deltaCP. The projected reach for the 200 km baseline with 7nu+3nubar run-plan is somewhat worse with 5sigma sensitivity for 34% of true values of deltaCP. On the other hand, for the discovery of a non-maximal theta23 and its octant, the 200 km baseline option with 7nu+3nubar run-plan performs significantly better than the other baselines. A 5sigma determination of a non-maximal theta23 can be made if the true value of sin^2theta23 lesssim 0.45 or sin^2theta23 gtrsim 0.57. The octant of theta23 could be resolved at 5sigma if the true value of sin^2theta23 lesssim 0.43 or gtrsim 0.59, irrespective of deltaCP.
description: 21 pages, 37 pdf figures, 3 tables. Sensitivities quoted at 3 and 5\sigma. Discussion on CP asymmetry added. Numerical methods discussed in detail. Some parts of the text rewritten. New references. Matches with published version
A study on the Legal Characteristics of a Farming Association Corporation and the Rights and Liabilities of its Members in South Korea
Creators: name: Lee, Haejin
name: Lee, Haejin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: farming association corporation
subject: agricultural corporation
subject: the liability of the members

description: A farming association corporation is a form of an agricultural corporation established by the Act on Fostering and Supporting Agricultural and Fisheries Business Entities. Except as provided in this Act, the provisions of the basic rules of the Korean Civil Act regarding partnership shall apply mutatis mutandis to farming association corporations. A farming association corporation differs from a partnership in several respects, such as the presence or absence of the legal entity, establishment requirements, and scope of liability. This study focuses on the characteristics of a farming association corporation and the rights and liabilities of its members—specifically, how it differs from similar legal entities such as partnership, agricultural company and how much it should bear corporate debts when it closes due to insolvency, liabilities for its CEO’s conflict of interest, or the liabilities of its members in the case of organizational change.
Smale flows on $\mathbb{S}^2\times\mathbb{S}^1$
Creators: name: de Rezende, Ketty A.
name: Ledesma, Guido G. E.
name: Neto, Oziride M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we use abstract Lyapunov graphs as a combinatorial tool to obtain a complete classification of Smale flows on $\mathbb{S}^2\times\mathbb{S}^1$. This classification gives necessary and sufficient conditions that must be satisfied by an abstract Lyapunov graph in order for it to be associated to a Smale flow on $\mathbb{S}^2\times\mathbb{S}^1$.