cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Impact of enclosures on range productivity in Chepareria West Pokot County, Kenya
Creators: name: Waiganjo, Regina Wambui
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Kenya
SDG 9
SDG 17
Rangeland

description: Abstract In the semi-arid areas of West Pokot particularly Chepareria, the majority of the people
 live semi sedentary lives while others are nomadic pastoralists. In the last three
 decades, there have been concerted efforts to restore and improve rangeland in this
 area. Use of enclosures, which is one of the key interventions, by the Vi Agro- forestry
 a Non-Governmental Organisation, enhancing with many ecological processes such as
 disturbance, is a method of rehabilitating degraded rangeland, which in turn affects
 vegetation dynamics. Adoption of these strategies by farmers has been gradual and
 some areas are still open and degraded. The aim of this study was to evaluate the
 effects of enclosures on range productivity in the semi-arid rangeland in West Pokot.
 Plant productivity, diversity and density were assessed in enclosures of different ages
 and in adjacent open land used for communal grazing. Questionnaires were also used
 to assess local community perception of the range restoration and improvement.
 Modified Whittaker plot was used for sampling in the selected enclosures and open
 areas. Herbaceous biomass and plant cover were greater in enclosures than in open
 areas. The average herbaceous cover in the enclosed area was 76% while that in the
 open it was 55% which was significantly different, p<0.001. The average herbaceous
 biomass in the enclosure was 137.2kg/ha while in the open it was 37.8kg/ha
 respectively. Enclosed areas are more productive than open areas and should be
 adopted in other dry areas as a method of rehabilitating degraded grazing lands.
description: A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Science in Botany (Plant Ecology) in the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
title: Comparing two different methods to assess aggressiveness in patients with peripheral zone (PZ) prostate cancer (PCa) using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC): correlation with pathological Gleason Score (pGS)
Creators: name: Russo, Filippo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Oncology
subject: Pelvis
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Various studies have shown an inverse correlation between ADC values and pGS in patients with peripheral zone PCa. However, ADC values may differ according to the method used for measurement making the role of DWI controversial in clinical...
Procedures in Infrared Thermography on the Human Face: Scope Review
Creators: name: da Silva, Hannah
name: Gomes, Erissandra
name: da Silva, Hilton
name: de Santana, Ellen
name: Dias, Giovanna
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: Procedures or methods used in infrared thermography in the human face.
Decoding speech perception from non-invasive brain recordings
Creators: name: Défossez, Alexandre
name: Caucheteux, Charlotte
name: Rapin, Jérémy
name: Kabeli, Ori
name: King, Jean-Rémi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Decoding speech from brain activity is a long-awaited goal in both healthcare and neuroscience. Invasive devices have recently led to major milestones in that regard: deep learning algorithms trained on intracranial recordings now start to decode elementary linguistic features (e.g. letters, words, spectrograms). However, extending this approach to natural speech and non-invasive brain recordings remains a major challenge. Here, we introduce a model trained with contrastive-learning to decode self-supervised representations of perceived speech from the non-invasive recordings of a large cohort of healthy individuals. To evaluate this approach, we curate and integrate four public datasets, encompassing 175 volunteers recorded with magneto- or electro-encephalography (M/EEG), while they listened to short stories and isolated sentences. The results show that our model can identify, from 3 seconds of MEG signals, the corresponding speech segment with up to 41% accuracy out of more than 1,000 distinct possibilities on average across participants, and more than 80% in the very best participants - a performance that allows the decoding of words and phrases absent from the training set. The comparison of our model to a variety of baselines highlights the importance of (i) a contrastive objective, (ii) pretrained representations of speech and (iii) a common convolutional architecture simultaneously trained across multiple participants. Finally, the analysis of the decoder's predictions suggests that they primarily depend on lexical and contextual semantic representations. Overall, this effective decoding of perceived speech from non-invasive recordings delineates a promising path to decode language from brain activity, without putting patients at risk for brain surgery.
description: updated version following publication in Nature Machine Intelligence (2023)
Wave function asymptotics for scattering of three-particles with Coulomb interaction
Creators: name: Yakovlev, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coordinate asymptotics of the wave function for the problem of scattering of three particles with Coulomb interaction is constructed. Representation of hyperspherical functions is used to reduce the Schrödinger equation to a system of partial wave one-dimensional equations. Asymptotic solutions of this system are constructed by direct asymptotic methods.
description: 6 pages
The combinatorics of Green's functions in planar field theories
Creators: name: Ebrahimi-Fard, Kurusch
name: Patras, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The aim of this work is to outline in some detail the use of combinatorial algebra in planar quantum field theory. Particular emphasis is given to the relations between the different types of planar Green's functions. The key object is a Hopf algebra which is naturally defined on non-commuting sources, and the fact that its genuine unshuffle coproduct splits into left- and right unshuffle half-coproduts. The latter give rise to the notion of unshuffle bialgebra. This setting allows to describe the relation between planar full and connected Green's functions by solving a simple linear fixed point equation. A modification of this linear fixed point equation gives rise to the relation between planar connected and one-particle irreducible Green's functions. The graphical calculus that arises from this approach also leads to a new understanding of functional calculus in planar QFT, whose rules for differentiation with respect to non-commuting sources can be translated into the language of growth operations on planar rooted trees. We also include a brief outline of our approach in the framework of non-planar theories.
Two-dimensional Hardy-Littlewood theorem for functions with general monotone Fourier coefficients
Creators: name: Oganesyan, Kristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B05, 42B35

description: We prove the Hardy-Littlewood theorem in two dimensions for functions whose Fourier coefficients obey general monotonicity conditions and, importantly, are not necessarily positive. The sharpness of the result is given by a counterexample, which shows that if one slightly extends the considered class of coefficients, the Hardy-Littlewood relation fails.
description: 21 pages, 1 figure. The proof of Theorem 2 was corrected
title: US Imaging of pelvic congestion syndrome
Creators: name: Baviskar, DINESH
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Pelvis
subject: Vascular
subject: Veins / Vena cava
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Ultrasound-Power Doppler
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Education and training
subject: Varices

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The aimof this presentation is to highlight the clinical presentation, diagnosis and imaging features, especially related to Ultrasonographyof Pelvic Congestion...
Revisiting the role of public exposure and moral beliefs on feelings of shame and guilt: Replication of Smith et al. (2002)’s Study 1
Creators: name: Feldman, Gilad
name: Zhang, Yikang
name: Chit, Jack
name: Wong, Patrina
name: Yee, Yuen
name: Rachel, Sin
name: Chow, Kristy
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: extenion
subject: guilt
subject: moral beliefs
subject: public exposure
subject: replication
subject: shame

description: Freezing and pre-reg PCIRR stage 1 folder following IPA from PCI-RR.
title: CT and MR Imaging In Patients Undergoing Evaluation for Cochlear Implantation
Creators: name: Ghuman, SAMARJIT
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Congenital
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Ear / Nose / Throat

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: After viewing this exhibit, the viewer should be able to Identify the normal anatomy of the inner ear, and cochlea on both CT and MR Imaging Asess and classify congenital and acquired abnormalities and pathologies of the inner ear,cochlea and...
Measurement of the Higgs boson mass in the $H \rightarrow ZZ^* \rightarrow 4\ell$ decay channel using 139 fb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mass of the Higgs boson is measured in the $H \rightarrow ZZ^* \rightarrow 4\ell$ decay channel. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data from the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector between 2015 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$. The measured value of the Higgs boson mass is $124.99\pm0.18\text{(stat.)}\pm0.04\text{(syst.)}$ GeV and is based on improved momentum-scale calibration for muons relative to previous publications. The measurement also employs an analytic model that takes into account the invariant-mass resolution of the four-lepton system on a per-event basis and the output of a deep neural network discriminating signal from background events. This measurement is combined with the corresponding measurement using 7 and 8 TeV $pp$ collision data, resulting in a Higgs boson mass measurement of $124.94\pm0.17\text{(stat.)}\pm0.03\text{(syst.)}$ GeV.
description: 40 pages in total, author list starting at page 25, 9 figures, 2 tables, published by Physics Letters B All figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2020-07/
On formation of long-living states
Creators: name: Ivlev, Boris I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The motion of a particle in the potential well is studied when the particle is attached to the infinite elastic string. This is generic with the problem of dissipative quantum mechanics investigated by Caldeira and Leggett. Besides the dissipative motion there is another scenario of interaction of the string with the particle attached. Stationary particle-string states exist with string deformations accompanying the particle. This is like polaronic states in solids. Our polaronic states in the well are non-decaying and with continuous energy spectrum. Perhaps these states have a link to quantum electrodynamics. Quantum mechanical wave function, singular on some line, is smeared out by electron "vibrations" due to the interaction with photons. In those anomalous states the smeared singularity position would be analogous to the place where the particle is attached to the string.
Norm estimates for the $\bar\partial$-equation on a non-reduced space
Creators: name: Andersson, Mats
name: Lärkäng, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32A26, 32A27, 32B15, 32W05

description: We study norm-estimates for the $\bar\partial$-equation on non-reduced analytic spaces. Our main result is that on a non-reduced analytic space, which is Cohen-Macaulay and whose underlying reduced space is smooth, the $\bar\partial$-equation for $(0,1)$-forms can be solved with $L^p$-estimates.
description: 28 pages
Changes in numerical cognition across aging? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Loenneker, Hannah
name: Nuerk, Hans-Christoph
name: Artemenko, Christina
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: aging
subject: arithmetic
subject: elderly
subject: lifespan
subject: mathematics
subject: number processing

description: Background: Numerical cognition subsumes a wide range of tasks and underlying cognitive representations. The developmental approach on this domain mostly focuses on educational questions and changes up to young adulthood. However, lifespan research on cognition describes distinct patterns of decline, stability or improvement in at least some numerical domains. Therefore, the aim of the planned systematic review and meta-analysis is (1) to identify tasks and areas of numerical cognition showing improved, preserved, or impaired performance when comparing elderly and younger samples. (2) We aim at identifying moderators of development in numerical cognition such as inter-individual differences like global cognition, effects of cohort, gender, or education. (3) We want to find out when deficits occur in aging and whether the extent of impairment increases with age. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted following PRISMA criteria. Electronic databases of published and unpublished studies will be searched for relevant articles with predefined search terms. Studies are eligible if they report comparisons of an elderly sample with a younger control group regarding an empirical measure of numerical and/ or arithmetic function. Furthermore, studies reporting performance in a standardized test of numerical cognition with available age-specific reference norms will be included. Experimental case-control designs and group studies will be included. Studies not allowing to assess an age effect, only reporting neuro-imaging data and reviews will be excluded. Original study quality will be assessed with the ROBINS-I tool. Depending on the resulting data structure, meta-analyses will be conducted with random effects models or two-level models with nested effect sizes. Subgroups analyses regarding age groups will be conducted using meta-regression. Discussion: Results of the current review cannot only be used to update existing reviews, but also to systematize numerical and arithmetic performance associated to effects of aging in the light of both neurocognitive theories of numerical cognition and lifespan development. It has the potential to estimate changes in numerical cognition across aging up to old age. However, our systematic review and meta-analysis relies on the quality of the original studies and the quality of available risk of bias assessments.
SpaDE: Improving Sparse Representations using a Dual Document Encoder for First-stage Retrieval
Creators: name: Choi, Eunseong
name: Lee, Sunkyung
name: Choi, Minjin
name: Ko, Hyeseon
name: Song, Young-In
name: Lee, Jongwuk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sparse document representations have been widely used to retrieve relevant documents via exact lexical matching. Owing to the pre-computed inverted index, it supports fast ad-hoc search but incurs the vocabulary mismatch problem. Although recent neural ranking models using pre-trained language models can address this problem, they usually require expensive query inference costs, implying the trade-off between effectiveness and efficiency. Tackling the trade-off, we propose a novel uni-encoder ranking model, Sparse retriever using a Dual document Encoder (SpaDE), learning document representation via the dual encoder. Each encoder plays a central role in (i) adjusting the importance of terms to improve lexical matching and (ii) expanding additional terms to support semantic matching. Furthermore, our co-training strategy trains the dual encoder effectively and avoids unnecessary intervention in training each other. Experimental results on several benchmarks show that SpaDE outperforms existing uni-encoder ranking models.
description: In Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM '22). 13 pages
Lie transformation method on quantum state evolution of a general time-dependent driven and damped parametric oscillator
Creators: name: Zhang, Lin
name: Zhang, Weiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A variety of dynamics in nature and society can be approximately treated as a driven and damped parametric oscillator. An intensive investigation of this time-dependent model from an algebraic point of view provides a consistent method to resolve the classical dynamics and the quantum evolution in order to understand the time-dependent phenomena that occur not only in the macroscopic classical scale for the synchronized behaviors but also in the microscopic quantum scale for a coherent state evolution. By using a Floquet U-transformation on a general time-dependent quadratic Hamiltonian, we exactly solve the dynamic behaviors of a driven and damped parametric oscillator to obtain the optimal solutions by means of invariant parameters of $K$s to combine with Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant method. This approach can discriminate the external dynamics from the internal evolution of a wave packet by producing independent parametric equations that dramatically facilitate the parametric control on the quantum state evolution in a dissipative system. In order to show the advantages of this method, several time-dependent models proposed in the quantum control field are analyzed in details.
description: 31 pages, 14 figures
High-altitude gravity waves in the Martian thermosphere observed by MAVEN/NGIMS and modeled by a gravity wave scheme
Creators: name: Yiğit, Erdal
name: England, Scott L.
name: Liu, Guiping
name: Medvedev, Alexander S.
name: Mahaffy, Paul R.
name: Kuroda, Takeshi
name: Jakosky, Bruce M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First high-altitude observations of gravity wave (GW)-induced CO$_2$ density perturbations in the Martian thermosphere retrieved from NASA's NGIMS instrument on board the MAVEN satellite are presented and interpreted using the extended GW parameterization of Yiğit et al. [2008] and the Mars Climate Database as an input. Observed relative density perturbations between 180-220 km of 20-40 % demonstrate appreciable local time, latitude, and altitude variations. Modeling for the spatiotemporal conditions of the MAVEN observations suggests that GWs can directly propagate from the lower atmosphere to the thermosphere, produce appreciable dynamical effects, and likely contribute to the observed fluctuations. Modeled effects are somewhat smaller than the observed but their highly variable nature is in qualitative agreement with observations. Possible reasons for discrepancies between modeling and measurements are discussed.
description: Accepted for publication in Geophysical Research Letters (GRL). Special section: First Results from the MAVEN Mission to Mars
Machine-learning Kohn-Sham potential from dynamics in time-dependent Kohn-Sham systems
Creators: name: Yang, Jun
name: Whitfield, James D
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The construction of a better exchange-correlation potential in time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) can improve the accuracy of TDDFT calculations and provide more accurate predictions of the properties of many-electron systems. Here, we propose a machine learning method to develop the energy functional and the Kohn-Sham potential of a time-dependent Kohn-Sham system is proposed. The method is based on the dynamics of the Kohn-Sham system and does not require any data on the exact Kohn-Sham potential for training the model. We demonstrate the results of our method with a 1D harmonic oscillator example and a 1D two-electron example. We show that the machine-learned Kohn-Sham potential matches the exact Kohn-Sham potential in the absence of memory effect. Our method can still capture the dynamics of the Kohn-Sham system in the presence of memory effects. The machine learning method developed in this article provides insight into making better approximations of the energy functional and the Kohn-Sham potential in the time-dependent Kohn-Sham system.
title: Role of perfusion by dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI for evaluation of breast cancer response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Creators: name: Martin, Irene
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: MR
subject: Chemotherapy
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To evaluate the reliability of perfusion by dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in breast cancer to assess the response after neoadjuvant...
Control of molecular orbital ordering using a van der Waals monolayer ferroelectric
Creators: name: Amini, Mohammad
name: Silveira, Orlando J.
name: Vaňo, Viliam
name: Lado, Jose L.
name: Foster, Adam S.
name: Liljeroth, Peter
name: Kezilebieke, Shawulienu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric materials provide a promising platform for the electrical control of quantum states. In particular, due to their 2D nature, they are suitable for influencing the quantum states of deposited molecules via the proximity effect. Here, we report electrically controllable molecular states in phthalocyanine molecules adsorbed on monolayer ferroelectric material SnTe. In particular, we demonstrate that the strain and ferroelectric order in SnTe creates a transition between two distinct orbital orders in the adsorbed phthalocyanine molecules. By controlling the polarization of the ferroelectric domain using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we have successfully demonstrated that orbital order can be manipulated electrically. Our results show how ferroelastic coupling in 2D systems allows control of molecular states, providing a starting point for ferroelectrically switchable molecular orbital ordering and ultimately, electrical control of molecular magnetism.
title: Information Technology in Radiology (Structured Reporting)
Creators: name: Kahn, Charles
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Professional issues
subject: Computer applications
subject: Management
subject: RIS
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Structured reporting
subject: Quality assurance

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Define "structured reporting" and understand its potential benefits. Explore a library of best-practice structured reporting templates. Describe new informatics standards for structured reporting. Identify opportunities and tools to contribute...
Large dust gaps in the transitional disks of HD 100453 and HD 34282
Creators: name: Khalafinejad, S.
name: Maaskant, K. M.
name: Marinas, N.
name: Tielens, A. G. G. M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of dust gaps in protoplanetary disks is one of the most important signposts of disk evolution and possibly the formation of planets. We aim to characterize the 'flaring' disk structure around the Herbig Ae/Be stars HD 100453 and HD 34282. Their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) show an emission excess between 15-40μm, but very weak (HD 100453) and no (HD 34282) signs of the 10 and 20 μm amorphous silicate features. We investigate whether this implies the presence of large dust gaps. In this work, spatially resolved mid-infrared Q-band images taken with Gemini North/MICHELLE are investigated. We perform radiative transfer modeling and examine the radial distribution of dust. We simultaneously fit the Q-band images and SEDs of HD 100453 and HD 34282. Our solutions require that the inner-halos and outer-disks are likely separated by large dust gaps that are depleted wih respect to the outer disk by a factor of 1000 or more. The inner edges of the outer disks of HD 100453 and HD 34282 have temperatures of about $160 \pm 10$ K and $60 \pm 5$ K respectively. Because of the high surface brightnesses of these walls, they dominate the emission in the Q-band. Their radii are constrained at 20+2 AU and 92+31 AU, respectively. We conclude that, HD 100453 and HD 34282 likely have disk dust gaps and the upper limit on the dust mass in each gap is estimated to be about $10^{-7}$M$_{\odot}$. We find that the locations and sizes of disk dust gaps are connected to the SED, as traced by the mid-infrared flux ratio F30/F13.5. We propose a new classification scheme for the Meeus groups (Meeus et al. 2001) based on the F30/F13.5 ratio. The absence of amorphous silicate features in the observed SEDs is caused by the depletion of small (smaller than 1 μm) silicate dust at temperatures above 160 K, which could be related to the presence of a dust gap in that region of the disk.
description: 14 pages, 13 Figures, Accepted for publication in A&A
New_On_Chain_Governance_Model_based_on_Particle_Swarm_Optimization_for_Fork_Reduction__IEEE_Access__v_1_7.pdf
Creators: name: Nourmohammadi, Reza
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Deep learning
Machine learning not elsewhere classified
Neural networks

description: One of the significant challenges in this study was determining how sharding would affect the probability of forks arising as a consequence of sharding. Towards this end, we have performed a number of experiments on the network EIP-1559 using 120 nodes in order to achieve this objective. During our analysis, we were able to determine that the number of orphan blocks on average decreases by 60% as a result of adding a shard to the system. The new on-chain governance model has also been implemented that utilizes Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in order to ensure that forks between different shards are reduced, as well as the probability of them occurring. The results obtained from our study give us the confidence that the proposed on-chain governance model reduces the risks associated with forking and maintains a positive user experience as a result of the results obtained.
Landau-Forbidden Quantum Criticality in Rydberg Quantum Simulators
Creators: name: Lee, Jong Yeon
name: Ramette, Joshua
name: Metlitski, Max A.
name: Vuletic, Vladan
name: Ho, Wen Wei
name: Choi, Soonwon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson theory of phase transitions precludes a continuous transition between two phases that spontaneously break distinct symmetries. However, quantum mechanical effects can intertwine the symmetries, giving rise to an exotic phenomenon called deconfined quantum criticality (DQC). In this work, we study the ground state phase diagram of a one-dimensional array of individually trapped neutral atoms interacting strongly via Rydberg states, and demonstrate through extensive numerical simulations that it hosts a variety of symmetry-breaking phases and their transitions including DQC. We show how an enlarged, emergent continuous symmetry arises at the DQCs, which can be experimentally observed in the joint distribution of two distinct order parameters, obtained within measurement snapshots in the standard computational basis. Our findings highlight quantum simulators of Rydberg atoms not only as promising platforms to experimentally realize such exotic phenomena, but also as unique ones allowing access to physical properties not obtainable in traditional experiments.
Is symmetry breaking of SU(5) theory responsible for the diphoton excess?
Creators: name: Dorsner, Ilja
name: Fajfer, Svjetlana
name: Kosnik, Nejc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We advocate the possibility that the observed diphoton excess at 750 GeV at the LHC can be addressed by the scalar field that is a part of the SU(5) symmetry breaking sector. The field in question is the Standard Model singlet that resides in the adjoint representation that breaks SU(5) down to SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1). We also show that the required production and subsequent decay to two photons of this singlet can be induced by individual or combined contribution of two scalar multiplets $S_3$ and $R_2$ that transform as (3,3,-1/3) and (3,2,7/6) under SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1), respectively. The individual dominance of these multiplets is directly related to the issue of the charged fermion mass generation within the SU(5) framework and can be unambiguously tested through the diboson decay signatures of the Standard Model singlet field.
description: v4: 9 pages, 2 figures, extended GUT discussion, interplay of R_2 and S_3 states' contributions
Self-Supervised Masked Convolutional Transformer Block for Anomaly Detection
Creators: name: Madan, Neelu
name: Ristea, Nicolae-Catalin
name: Ionescu, Radu Tudor
name: Nasrollahi, Kamal
name: Khan, Fahad Shahbaz
name: Moeslund, Thomas B.
name: Shah, Mubarak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Anomaly detection has recently gained increasing attention in the field of computer vision, likely due to its broad set of applications ranging from product fault detection on industrial production lines and impending event detection in video surveillance to finding lesions in medical scans. Regardless of the domain, anomaly detection is typically framed as a one-class classification task, where the learning is conducted on normal examples only. An entire family of successful anomaly detection methods is based on learning to reconstruct masked normal inputs (e.g. patches, future frames, etc.) and exerting the magnitude of the reconstruction error as an indicator for the abnormality level. Unlike other reconstruction-based methods, we present a novel self-supervised masked convolutional transformer block (SSMCTB) that comprises the reconstruction-based functionality at a core architectural level. The proposed self-supervised block is extremely flexible, enabling information masking at any layer of a neural network and being compatible with a wide range of neural architectures. In this work, we extend our previous self-supervised predictive convolutional attentive block (SSPCAB) with a 3D masked convolutional layer, a transformer for channel-wise attention, as well as a novel self-supervised objective based on Huber loss. Furthermore, we show that our block is applicable to a wider variety of tasks, adding anomaly detection in medical images and thermal videos to the previously considered tasks based on RGB images and surveillance videos. We exhibit the generality and flexibility of SSMCTB by integrating it into multiple state-of-the-art neural models for anomaly detection, bringing forth empirical results that confirm considerable performance improvements on five benchmarks. We release our code and data as open source at: https://github.com/ristea/ssmctb.
description: Accepted in IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Surgical informed consent: a scoping review of physician-facing decision support tools
Creators: name: Melucci, Alexa
name: Poles, Gabriela
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: informed consent
subject: physician-facing decision support tools
subject: shared decision making

description: In this scoping review, we aimed to (1) Identify the physician-facing decision support tools used in the surgical informed consent process (2) Assess what patient-centered domains are measured by these tools (3) Determine whether the tools are available for older adults and for use in various settings (emergent and elective procedures) (4) Characterize the domains that future tools should measure.
title: Assessment of vascular invasion by soft tissue tumors of the limbs: comparison of CE-MR angiography and MDCT angiography.
Creators: name: Roselli, Giuliana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Staging
subject: MR-Angiography
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Oncology
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Soft tissue tumors are uncommon but their frequency is significantly increasing. They represent less than 1% of adult malignancies and around 7% of pediatric malignancies [1,2]. Benign tumors are much more frequent than malignant tumors and...
title: Quantification of the arterial blood flow through the internal carotid arteries at patients with chronic cerebral ischemia by MRI
Creators: name: Tulupov, Andrey
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR-Angiography
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Experimental investigations
subject: Haemodynamics / Flow dynamics
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: In terms of morbidity, disability and mortality, cerebrovascular diseases represent the most common pathologies. More than half of ischemic strokes are associated with stenosing of the internal carotid arteries (ICA) [1, 2, 3]. The role of stenosing...
The electron elevator: excitations across the band gap via a dynamical gap state?
Creators: name: Lim, A.
name: Foulkes, W. M. C.
name: Horsfild, A. P.
name: Mason, D. R.
name: Schleife, A.
name: Draeger, E. W.
name: Correa, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used time-dependent density functional theory to study self-irradiated Si. We calculate the electronic stopping power of Si in Si by evaluating the energy transferred to the electrons per unit path length by an ion of kinetic energy from $1$ eV to $100 $ keV moving through the host. Electronic stopping is found to be significant below the threshold velocity normally identified with direct transitions across the band gap. A structured crossover at low velocity exists in place of a hard threshold. An analysis of the time dependence of the transition rates using coupled linear rate equations enables one of the excitation mechanisms to be clearly identified: a defect state induced in the gap by the moving ion acts like an elevator and carries electrons across the band gap.
description: 6 pages (with references), 4 figures and supplementary material (rate_equations.tex)
title: The spectrum of MR imaging with pathologic correlations in uterine cervical lesions of gastric type; a brand new entity.
Creators: name: Koyama, Takashi
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Staging
subject: MR
subject: Pelvis
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1) To review the spectrum and pathologic backgrounds of endocervical glandular lesions showing gastric differentiation, which is a quite bland new entity described recently. 2) To learn the characteristics of clinical, pathologic and MRI features in...
Distributed decentralized receding horizon control for very large-scale networks with application to satellite mega-constellations
Creators: name: Pedroso, Leonardo
name: Batista, Pedro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The implementation feasibility of control algorithms over very large-scale networks calls for hard constraints regarding communication, computational, and memory requirements. In this paper, the decentralized receding horizon control problem for very large-scale networks of dynamically decoupled systems with a common, possibly time-varying, control objective is addressed. Each system is assumed to be modeled by linear time-varying dynamics, which can be leveraged to approximate nonlinear systems about successive points of operation. A distributed and decentralized receding horizon control solution is put forward, which: i) takes communication delays into account; ii) allows local communication exclusively; and iii) whose computational and memory requirements in each computational unit do not scale with the dimension of the network. The scalability of the proposed solution enables emerging very large-scale applications of swarm robotics and networked control. This approach is applied to the orbit control problem of low Earth orbit mega-constellations, featuring high-fidelity numerical simulations for the Starlink mega-constellation.
Efficient Quantum Analytic Nuclear Gradients with Double Factorization
Creators: name: Hohenstein, Edward G.
name: Oumarou, Oumarou
name: Al-Saadon, Rachael
name: Anselmetti, Gian-Luca R.
name: Scheurer, Maximilian
name: Gogolin, Christian
name: Parrish, Robert M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficient representations of the Hamiltonian such as double factorization drastically reduce circuit depth or number of repetitions in error corrected and noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) algorithms for chemistry. We report a Lagrangian-based approach for evaluating relaxed one- and two-particle reduced density matrices from double factorized Hamiltonians, unlocking efficiency improvements in computing the nuclear gradient and related derivative properties. We demonstrate the accuracy and feasibility of our Lagrangian-based approach to recover all off-diagonal density matrix elements in classically-simulated examples with up to 327 quantum and 18470 total atoms in QM/MM simulations, with modest-sized quantum active spaces. We show this in the context of the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) in case studies such as transition state optimization, ab initio molecular dynamics simulation and energy minimization of large molecular systems.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures
Multiplicative characters and Gaussian fluctuation limits
Creators: name: Sato, Ryosuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is known that extreme characters of several inductive limits of compact groups exhibit multiplicativity in a certain sense. In the paper, we formulate such multiplicativity for inductive limit quantum groups and provide explicit examples of multiplicative characters in the case of quantum unitary groups. Furthermore, we show a Gaussian fluctuation limit theorem using this concept of multiplicativity.
description: 19 pages
title: Mucocele of the appendix - a pictorial review
Creators: name: Matthews, Hilary
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Small bowel
subject: Oncology
subject: Abdomen
subject: Education
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of this educational exhibit is to: 1. Outline the various causes of appendiceal mucocele. 2. Describe and illustrate the imaging appearances of appendicealmucoceles of different etiologies. 3. Describe and illustrate complications of...
Dark Matter from Monogem
Creators: name: Cappiello, Christopher V.
name: Kozar, Neal P. Avis
name: Vincent, Aaron C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a supernova shock expands into space, it may collide with dark matter particles, scattering them up to velocities more than an order of magnitude larger than typical dark matter velocities in the Milky Way. If a supernova remnant is close enough to Earth, and the appropriate age, this flux of high-velocity dark matter could be detectable in direct detection experiments, particularly if the dark matter interacts via a velocity-dependent operator. This could make it easier to detect light dark matter that would otherwise have too little energy to be detected. We show that the Monogem Ring supernova remnant is both close enough and the correct age to produce such a flux, and thus we produce novel direct detection constraints and sensitivities for future experiments.
description: 8 Pages of Text, 3 Figures. Text updated to match published version
Characteristics and perceptions of testimony provided by witnesses with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disabilities
Creators: name: Holland, Tori
name: Gorelik, Katie
name: Lawson, Monica
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Law and Psychology
subject: Developmental Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Systematic Review of the characteristics and perceptions of testimony provided by witnesses with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disabilities
Simulating lepton number violation induced by heavy neutrino-antineutrino oscillations at colliders
Creators: name: Antusch, Stefan
name: Hajer, Jan
name: Rosskopp, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study pseudo-Dirac pairs of two almost mass-degenerate sterile Majorana neutrinos which generate light neutrino masses via a low-scale seesaw mechanism. These pseudo-Dirac heavy neutral leptons can oscillate between interaction eigenstates that couple to leptons and antileptons and thus generate oscillations between lepton number conserving and lepton number violating processes. With the phenomenological symmetry protected seesaw scenario (pSPSS), we introduce a minimal framework capable of describing the dominant features of low-scale seesaws at colliders and present a FeynRules implementation usable in Monte Carlo generators. Additionally, we extend MadGraph to simulate heavy neutrino-antineutrino oscillations and present results from such simulations.
description: Published version, 39 pages, 18 figures, FeynRules model file and MadGraph patch available at https://feynrules.irmp.ucl.ac.be/wiki/pSPSS
title: Gestational breast cancer
Creators: name: Viguer Benavent, Rosa María
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Biopsy
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Percutaneous
subject: Mammography
subject: Breast

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) or gestational breast cancer is defined as breast cancer occurred during the pregnancy or within 12 months after delivery, as well as in any point during lactation. Gestational breast cancer is...
Strain control of a bandwidth-driven spin reorientation in Ca$_{3}$Ru$_{2}$O$_{7}$
Creators: name: Dashwood, C. D.
name: Walker, A. H.
name: Kwasigroch, M. P.
name: Veiga, L. S. I.
name: Faure, Q.
name: Vale, J. G.
name: Porter, D. G.
name: Manuel, P.
name: Khalyavin, D. D.
name: Orlandi, F.
name: Colin, C. V.
name: Fabelo, O.
name: Krüger, F.
name: Perry, R. S.
name: Johnson, R. D.
name: Green, A. G.
name: McMorrow, D. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The layered-ruthenate family of materials possess an intricate interplay of structural, electronic and magnetic degrees of freedom that yields a plethora of delicately balanced ground states. This is exemplified by Ca$_{3}$Ru$_{2}$O$_{7}$, which hosts a coupled transition in which the lattice parameters jump, the Fermi surface partially gaps and the spins undergo a $90^{\circ}$ in-plane reorientation. Here, we show how the transition is driven by a lattice strain that tunes the electronic bandwidth. We apply uniaxial stress to single crystals of Ca$_{3}$Ru$_{2}$O$_{7}$, using neutron and resonant x-ray scattering to simultaneously probe the structural and magnetic responses. These measurements demonstrate that the transition can be driven by externally induced strain, stimulating the development of a theoretical model in which an internal strain is generated self-consistently to lower the electronic energy. We understand the strain to act by modifying tilts and rotations of the RuO$_{6}$ octahedra, which directly influences the nearest-neighbour hopping. Our results offer a blueprint for uncovering the driving force behind coupled phase transitions, as well as a route to controlling them.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures (+ 12 pages, 6 figures of supplemental material)