cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Census of Baryons and Dark Matter in an Isolated, Milky Way-sized Elliptical Galaxy
Creators: name: Humphrey, Philip J.
name: Buote, David A.
name: Canizares, Claude R.
name: Fabian, Andrew C.
name: Miller, Jon M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the dark and luminous matter in the isolated elliptical galaxy NGC720, based on deep X-ray observations made with Chandra and Suzaku. The gas is reliably measured to ~R2500, allowing us to place good constraints on the enclosed mass and baryon fraction (fb) within this radius (M2500=1.6e12+/-0.2e12 Msun, fb(2500)=0.10+/-0.01; systematic errors are
description: 23 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Minor modifications to match accepted version. Conclusions unchanged
Magnetic Properties of the Second Mott Lobe in Pairing Hamiltonians
Creators: name: Bhaseen, M. J.
name: Ejima, S.
name: Hohenadler, M.
name: Silver, A. O.
name: Essler, F. H. L.
name: Fehske, H.
name: Simons, B. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the Mott insulating state of single-band bosonic pairing Hamiltonians using analytical approaches and large scale density matrix renormalization group calculations. We focus on the second Mott lobe which exhibits a magnetic quantum phase transition in the Ising universality class. We use this feature to discuss the behavior of a range of physical observables within the framework of the 1D quantum Ising model and the strongly anisotropic Heisenberg model. This includes the properties of local expectation values and correlation functions both at and away from criticality. Depending on the microscopic interactions it is possible to achieve either antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic exchange interactions and we highlight the possibility of observing the E8 mass spectrum for the critical Ising model in a longitudinal magnetic field.
description: 14 pages, 15 figures
An Approach for the Evaluation of Freight Network Operations: A Stochastic Supply Model of the Regular-Route Motor Carrier Industry
Creators: name: Terziev, Mare N.
name: Richardson, Frederick W.
name: Roberts, Paul O.
name: Terziev, Mare N.
name: Richardson, Frederick W.
name: Roberts, Paul O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 19th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 24-26, 1978, New York, NY
Collision of an innermost stable circular orbit particle around a Kerr black hole
Creators: name: Harada, Tomohiro
name: Kimura, Masashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a general formula for the center-of-mass (CM) energy for the near-horizon collision of two particles of the same rest mass on the equatorial plane around a Kerr black hole. We then apply this formula to a particle which plunges from the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) and collides with another particle near the horizon. It is found that the maximum value of the CM energy $E_{\rm cm}$ is given by $E_{\rm cm}/(2m_{0})\simeq 1.40/\sqrt[4]{1-a_{*}^{2}}$ for a nearly maximally rotating black hole, where $m_{0}$ is the rest mass of each particle and $a_{*}$ is the nondimensional Kerr parameter. This coincides with the known upper bound for a particle which begins at rest at infinity within a factor of 2. Moreover, we also consider the collision of a particle orbiting the ISCO with another particle on the ISCO and find that the maximum CM energy is then given by $E_{\rm cm}/(2m_{0})\simeq 1.77/\sqrt[6]{1-a_{*}^{2}}$. In view of the astrophysical significance of the ISCO, this result implies that particles can collide around a rotating black hole with an arbitrarily high CM energy without any artificial fine-tuning in an astrophysical context if we can take the maximal limit of the black hole spin or $a_{*}\to 1$. On the other hand, even if we take Thorne's bound on the spin parameter into account, highly or moderately relativistic collisions are expected to occur quite naturally, for $E_{\rm cm}/(2m_{0})$ takes 6.95 (maximum) and 3.86 (generic) near the horizon and 4.11 (maximum) and 2.43 (generic) on the ISCO for $a_{*}=0.998$. This implies that high-velocity collisions of compact objects are naturally expected around a rapidly rotating supermassive black hole. Implications to accretion flows onto a rapidly rotating black hole are also discussed.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review D, minor correction
Normalizing flow regularization for photoacoustic tomography
Creators: name: Wang, Chao
name: Thiery, Alexandre H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Proper regularization is crucial in inverse problems to achieve high-quality reconstruction, even with an ill-conditioned measurement system. This is particularly true for three-dimensional photoacoustic tomography, which is computationally demanding and requires rapid scanning, often leading to incomplete measurements. Deep neural networks, known for their efficiency in handling big data, are anticipated to be adept at extracting underlying information from images sharing certain characteristics, such as specific types of natural or medical images. We introduce a Normalizing Flow Regularization (NFR) method designed to reconstruct images from incomplete and noisy measurements. The method involves training a normalizing flow network to understand the statistical distribution of sample images by mapping them to Gaussian distributions. This well-trained network then acts as a regularization tool within a Bayesian inversion framework. Additionally, we explore the concept of adaptive regularization selection, providing theoretical proof of its admissibility. A significant challenge in three-dimensional image training is the extensive memory and computation requirements. We address this by training the normalizing flow model using only small-size images and applying a patch-based model for reconstructing larger images. Our approach is model-independent, allowing the reuse of a well-trained network as regularization for various imaging systems. Moreover, as a data-driven prior, NFR effectively leverages the available dataset information, outperforming artificial priors. This advantage is demonstrated through numerical simulations of three-dimensional photoacoustic tomography under various conditions of sparsity, noise levels, and limited-view scenarios.
Reactivation of fetal miRNAs and restoration of fetal isomiR patterns in lung adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: Cohn, David Edward
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Late diagnosis and resistance to targeted therapies are significant obstacles to improving cancer patient outcomes. Many tumours reactivate fetal genes to restore the rapid cell division and migration that occur in development, which makes these genes candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Changes to the expression of microRNAs, which are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, are common in many cancers. Furthermore, most microRNAs can undergo post-transcriptional modifications, which generate functional microRNA variants (isomiRs). I analyzed small RNA sequencing data from fetal and adult human tissues to test the hypothesis that lung adenocarcinoma tumours reactivate fetal microRNAs and isomiRs. First, I compared microRNA expression between adult and fetal lung samples and identified 13 microRNAs that were expressed only in lung adenocarcinoma and the fetal lung, as well as 44 previously unannotated microRNAs. These 13 “oncofetal” microRNAs were predicted to target genes within developmental and cancer-related pathways, and high expression of several oncofetal microRNAs was associated with poor patient outcomes. Additionally, the expression of oncofetal miRNAs distinguished adenocarcinoma and non-malignant samples. I then performed the first characterization of four major types of isomiRs in multiple cohorts of non-malignant lung and lung adenocarcinoma samples. I found that the isomiRome is systemically altered in lung adenocarcinoma, including through changes in miRNA editing and 3’ adenylation rates. The frequencies at which individual microRNAs were post-transcriptionally modified were associated with patient outcomes and distinguished adenocarcinomas from non-malignant samples. Finally, I conducted the first profiling of isomiR expression across six human fetal tissues. Their isomiRomes were largely distinct, and many isomiRs were only expressed in individual tissues. I identified 26 oncofetally-enriched pulmonary isomiRs, and I found that the fetal lung isomiRome overlapped more with the lung adenocarcinoma isomiRome than that of the non-malignant lung. Additionally, rates of microRNA modifications in the fetal lung resembled the altered rates previously observed in lung adenocarcinoma. In this thesis, I show that alterations to the expression and post-transcriptional modification of microRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma restore fetal microRNA and isomiR patterns. Reactivated fetal microRNAs and isomiRs are potential diagnostic biomarkers, and characterization of the mRNAs they regulate may uncover novel therapeutic targets.
A Practical Application for Analyzing Rail Market Shares
Creators: name: Jacobsen, Thomas R.
name: Kerr, Peter A.
name: Jacobsen, Thomas R.
name: Kerr, Peter A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 19th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 24-26, 1978, New York, NY
A MUSE study of the inner bulge globular cluster Terzan 9 : a fossil record in the Galaxy
Creators: name: Ernandes, H.
name: Dias, B.
name: Barbuy, B.
name: Kamann, S.
name: Ortolani, S.
name: Rossi, L.
name: Cantelli, E.
name: Bica, E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Moderately metal-poor inner bulge globular clusters are relics of a generation of long-lived stars formed in the early Galaxy. Aims. Terzan 9, projected at only 4◦.12 of the Galactic center, shows an orbit remaining confined in the inner 1 kpc of the Galaxy center, and is among the most central globular clusters in the Milky Way. Metallicities in the range -2.0<[Fe/H]<-1.2 were  estimated for Terzan 9 in the literature, from Colour-Magnitude Diagrams and CaII triplet (CaT) lines. Therefore derivation of metallicity is a primary goal. Given its compactness, Terzan 9 was

observed with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE), at the Very Large Telescope. Extraction of several hundreds of cluster spectra allow to derive metallicities and [Mg/Fe] based on the Mg2 feature. The spectra obtained with MUSE were analysed through full spectrum fitting, with the code Etoile.
DETERMINATION OF THE  SHRINKAGE LIMIT FROM THE BRITISH FALL CONE FLOW INDEX
Creators: name: Maregesi, Gerald
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Civil geotechnical engineering
Geomechanics and resources geotechnical engineering

description: Determining the shrinkage limit using the mercury or wax method is time-consuming and error-prone. This paper presents a model that uses a British cone flow index to compute the shrinkage limit of the soil. The model was developed based on the analysis of 186 Atterberg limits test results from the literature leading to the formulation of an equation for computing the shrinkage limit of the soil using the British fall cone flow index. 
Active Galactic Nucleus Pairs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. II. Evidence for Tidally Enhanced Star Formation and Black Hole Accretion
Creators: name: Liu, Xin
name: Shen, Yue
name: Strauss, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are occasionally seen in pairs, suggesting that tidal encounters are responsible for the accretion of material by both central supermassive black holes (BHs). In Paper I of this series, we selected a sample of AGN pairs with projected separations r_p < 100 kpc and velocity offsets < 600 km/s from the SDSS DR7 and quantified their frequency. In this paper, we address the BH accretion and recent star formation properties in their host galaxies. AGN pairs experience stronger BH accretion, as measured by their [O III]5007 luminosities (corrected for contribution from star formation) and Eddington ratios, than do control samples of single AGNs matched in redshift and host stellar mass. Their host galaxies have stronger post-starburst activity and younger mean stellar ages, as indicated by stronger H-delta absorption and smaller 4000 A break in their spectra. The BH accretion and recent star formation in the host galaxies both increase with decreasing projected separation in AGN pairs, for r_p ~< 10-30 kpc. The intensity of BH accretion, the post-starburst strength, and the mean stellar ages are correlated between the two AGNs in a pair. The luminosities and Eddington ratios of AGN pairs are correlated with recent star formation in their host galaxies, with a scaling relation consistent with that observed in single AGNs. Our results suggest that galaxy tidal interactions enhance both BH accretion and star formation in AGN pairs, even though the majority of low redshift AGNs is not coincident with on-going interactions.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures; to appear in ApJ
Rigid D6-branes on T6/[Z(2)xZ(2M)xOmegaR] with discrete torsion
Creators: name: Forste, Stefan
name: Honecker, Gabriele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a complete classification of T6/[Z(2)xZ(2M)xOmegaR] orientifolds on factorisable tori and rigid D6-branes on them. The analysis includes the supersymmetry, RR tadpole cancellation and K-theory conditions and complete massless open and closed string spectrum (i.e. non-chiral as well as chiral) for fractional or rigid D6-branes for all inequivalent compactification lattices, without and with discrete torsion. We give examples for each orbifold background, which show that on Z(2)xZ(6) and Z(2)xZ(6') there exist completely rigid D6-branes despite the self-intersections of orbifold image cycles. This opens up a new avenue for improved Standard Model building. On the other hand, we show that Standard and GUT model building on the Z(2)xZ(4) background is ruled out by simple arguments.
description: 110 pages, 63 tables, 4 figures; v2: reference added and typo in caption 3 corrected; v3: acknowledgement added, accepted for publication in JHEP
The Elasticity of Demand for Freight Transportation: The Case of Recyclable Commodities
Creators: name: Allen, W. Bruce
name: Beradino, Frank
name: Allen, W. Bruce
name: Beradino, Frank
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 19th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 24-26, 1978, New York, NY
Representation Learning of Patient States
Creators: name: Fan, Bowen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: In this deliverable, a report introducing the development of representation learning on electronic health records is presented. Electronic health records (EHR) contains many types of information such as vital signs, laboratory measurements, clinical notes, demographics as well as other entries related to the patients. The proper use of EHR has the promises to advance different clinical research topics and one of the most trending approach to extract useful information is to apply representation learning methods and transform it into suitable data representations, which leads to better utilization of advanced machine learning methods improving the performance of downstream clinical applications. This report presents the development of EHR representation learning method for disease early prediction task, from target definition to feature extraction. A new strategy using hidden Markov model to learn meaningful representation of the patients is also introduced.
Transforming triage: findings from redesigning workflow in an ED
Creators: name: Ozkaynak, Mustafa
name: Wiler, Jennifer
name: Oliwier Dziadkowiec
name: Callahan, Tiffany
name: Zane, Richard
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: Collecting workflow-related data using traditional methods such as interviews and observations in EDs presents significant challenges such as small sample size and subjectivity. Using automatically collected data by electronic health records (EHRs) can potentially allow researchers to overcome these challenges. Although EHRs are primarily designed for patient care, secondary analysis of relevant data elements can reveal individuals’ experiences with the healthcare system, care activities, and temporal relationship of these activities. In this study, we characterize workflow for children treated in an ED for moderately severe asthma exacerbations, using EHR data and novel visualization method (Eventflow) and Markov models. Our findings, based on 6077 visits in 2013, show the complementary value of visualization and Markov models in describing temporal patterns of ED workflow activities. Eventflow visualizations revealed clinically distinct and important patterns of ED workflow events, and identified high-priority questions for Markov modeling. We used Markov models to quantify workflow and thereby to model the relationship between workflow and patient outcomes. We demonstrate the synergy of utilizing visualization and Markov chains together on EHR data to identify best clinical practices and inform organizational interventions including HIT implementation, staffing and workflow redesign.
Work posture load evaluation in medium size metal processing enterprise in Latvia
Creators: name: Kalkis, H.
name: Roja, Z.
name: Bokse, K.
name: Babris, S.
name: Roja, I.
Publisher: name: Agronomy Research
Year: 2019
Subjects: ergonomics
RULA
REBA
work posture
physical load
article

description: The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure of individual workers to ergonomic risk factors associated with upper, lower extremities and trunk WRMSDs and to assess entire body posture for risk of WRMSDs. The company that produces finished metal products (ironing boards) was chosen for the research. Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) was used to assess the entire body posture for risk of WRMSDs. Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method was used for ironing boards employees to evaluate exposure of the neck, trunk, arms and legs in relation to physical load. Our study proved that employees are subjected to WRMSDs due to the load on certain body parts during the work: shoulder and neck area, lower back, legs and arms. Forced work postures are an essential risk factor at work. Assemblers and packers are subdued to high risk level, but inspectors – to medium risk level, which corresponds to evaluation with RULA and REBA methods.
Noncommutative magnetic moment of charged particles
Creators: name: Adorno, T. C.
name: Gitman, D. M.
name: Shabad, A. E.
name: Vassilevich, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been argued, that in noncommutative field theories sizes of physical objects cannot be taken smaller than an elementary length related to noncommutativity parameters. By gauge-covariantly extending field equations of noncommutative U(1)_*-theory to the presence of external sources, we find electric and magnetic fields produces by an extended charge. We find that such a charge, apart from being an ordinary electric monopole, is also a magnetic dipole. By writing off the existing experimental clearance in the value of the lepton magnetic moments for the present effect, we get the bound on noncommutativity at the level of 10^4 TeV.
description: 9 pages, revtex; v2: replaced to match the published version
Statistics and Universality in Simplified Models of Planetary Formation
Creators: name: Hernández-Mena, C.
name: Benet, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we modify Laskar's simplified model of planetary evolution and accretion [J. Laskar, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol 84, p 3240 (2000)] to account for the full conservation of the total angular momentum of the system, and extend it to incorporate an accretion probability that depends on the mass and relative velocity of the colliding particles. We present statistical results for the mass and eccentricity of the planets formed, in terms of their semi-major axes, for a large number of realisations of different versions of the model. In particular, we find that by combining the mass-dependent accretion probability and the velocity-selection mechanism, the planets formed display a systematic occurrence at specific locations. By introducing properly scaled variables, our results are universal with respect to the total angular momentum of the system, the mass of the planetesimal disc, and the mass of the central star.
description: 13 pages, 21 figures, some in colour. Accepted in MNRAS
Classical and Quantum Dilogarithm Identities
Creators: name: Kashaev, Rinat M.
name: Nakanishi, Tomoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Using the quantum cluster algebra formalism of Fock and Goncharov, we present several forms of quantum dilogarithm identities associated with periodicities in quantum cluster algebras, namely, the tropical, universal, and local forms. We then demonstrate how classical dilogarithm identities naturally emerge from quantum dilogarithm identities in local form in the semiclassical limit by applying the saddle point method.
On the redshift-evolution of the Lyman-alpha escape fraction and the dust content of galaxies
Creators: name: Hayes, Matthew
name: Schaerer, Daniel
name: Ostlin, Goran
name: Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel
name: Atek, Hakim
name: Kunth, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ly-alpha emission line has been proven a powerful tool by which to study evolving galaxies at the highest redshifts. However, in order to use Lya as a physical probe of galaxies, it becomes vital to know the Lya escape fraction (fescLya). Unfortunately, due to the resonant nature of Lya, fescLya may vary unpredictably and requires empirical measurement. Here we compile Lya luminosity functions between redshift z=0 and 8 and, combined with H-alpha and ultraviolet data, assess how fescLya evolves with redshift. We find a strong upwards evolution in fescLya over the range z=0.3-6, which is well-fit by the power-law fescLya \propto (1+z)^ξ, with ξ=(2.57_-0.12^+0.19). This predicts that fescLya should reach unity at z=11.1. By comparing fescLya and E(B-V) in individual galaxies we derive an empirical relationship between fescLya and E(B-V), which includes resonance scattering and can explain the redshift evolution of fescLya between z=0 and 6 purely as a function of the evolution in the dust content of galaxies. Beyond z~6.5, fescLya drops more substantially; an effect attributed to either ionizing photon leakage, or an increase in the neutral gas fraction of the intergalactic medium. While distinguishing between those two scenarios may be extremely challenging, by framing the problem this way we remove the uncertainty of the halo mass from Lya-based tests of reionization. We finally derive a new method by which to estimate the dust content of galaxies based purely upon the observed Lya and UV LFs. These data are characterized by an exponential with an e-folding redshift of ~3.5.
description: Accepted by the Astrophysical Journal. 14 pages in emulateapj template with 4 figures
Bipolar thermoelectric effect in a srially coupled quantum dot system
Creators: name: Kuo, David M. -T.
name: Chang, Yia-chung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Seebeck coefficient (S) of a serially coupled quantum dot (SCQD) junction system is theoretically studied via a two-level Anderson model. A change of sign in S with respect to temperature is found, which arises from the competition between tunneling currents due to electrons and holes (i.e, bipolar tunneling effect). The change of sign in S implies that one can vary the equilibrium temperature to produce thermoelectric current in either the forward or reverse direction, leading to a bipolar thermoelectric effect. For the case of two parallel SCQDs, we also observe the oscillatory behavior of S with respect to temperature.
description: revised argument and corrected some typos
Effects of Product Characteristics and Individual Shipper Attitudes on the Use of Alternative Transportation Modes
Creators: name: McGinnis, Michael A.
name: Corsi, Thomas M.
name: McGinnis, Michael A.
name: Corsi, Thomas M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 19th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 24-26, 1978, New York, NY
Development of a 47-Commodity Flow Table for BEA Zones
Creators: name: Mullens, Michael A.
name: Sharp, Gunter P.
name: Jones, Paul S.
name: Mullens, Michael A.
name: Sharp, Gunter P.
name: Jones, Paul S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 19th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 24-26, 1978, New York, NY
Geometry of physical dispersion relations
Creators: name: Raetzel, Dennis
name: Rivera, Sergio
name: Schuller, Frederic P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To serve as a dispersion relation, a cotangent bundle function must satisfy three simple algebraic properties. These conditions are derived from the inescapable physical requirements to have predictive matter field dynamics and an observer-independent notion of positive energy. Possible modifications of the standard relativistic dispersion relation are thereby severely restricted. For instance, the dispersion relations associated with popular deformations of Maxwell theory by Gambini-Pullin or Myers-Pospelov are not admissible.
description: revised version, new section on applications added, 46 pages, 9 figures
Segmenting Common Motor Carrier Markets on the Basis of Customer Satisfaction
Creators: name: Robicheauz, Robert A.
name: James, William L.
name: Cadotte, Ernest R.
name: Robicheauz, Robert A.
name: James, William L.
name: Cadotte, Ernest R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 19th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 24-26, 1978, New York, NY
A Marketing Framework for a Motor Carrier of General Commodities
Creators: name: Constantin, James A.
name: Kasulis, Jack J.
name: Lusch, Robert F.
name: Zinszer
name: Constantin, James A.
name: Kasulis, Jack J.
name: Lusch, Robert F.
name: Zinszer
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 19th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 24-26, 1978, New York, NY
Development and analysis of membrane contactor for resource recovery from wastewater
Creators: name: Dutta, Abhishek
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Dissolved ammonia and methane can be present in wastewater, particularly in effluents from anaerobic bioreactors. Recovery of these compounds from wastewater has garnered interest due to their potential as a fertilizer (NH₃) and biofuel (CH₄). Isothermal Membrane contactors (MCs) are effective in recovering both resources from wastewater but possess drawbacks such as (i) production of overly acidic product and potential for fouling (for NH₃) (ii) low-quality biogas and high energy consumption (for CH₄). In this thesis, I address each of these challenges. Firstly, I study the impact of acid strength (H₂SO₄) on NH₃ recovery by experimentally validating an enhanced mass transfer model that describes the transfer resistance of NH₃ arising from an incomplete acid-base reaction at the draw-membrane interface. The model is then extended to establish that (1) a trade-off exists between acid strength and NH₃ flux, (2) acid concentration can be optimised to achieve usable ammonium salt as fertilizer. To study the extent of fouling and its effect on NH₃ recovery, I employ anaerobically digested food wastewater as feed. With >95% NH₃ recovery, minimal membrane fouling was observed. By performing MCs in isothermal and non-isothermal modes, I identified the deterministic role of transmembrane water vapor flows on fouling. Subsequently, >70% NH₃ recovery was observed from the fouled membranes, indicating process robustness of MCs even when fouled. I then present a solvent-based membrane contactor for dissolved CH₄ recovery. Using a fabricated omniphobic membrane, I demonstrate ≥90% CH₄ recovery from CH₄-saturated wastewater. A comparative energy analysis suggests that this process can enable net energy production, which outperforms other dissolved CH₄ recovery techniques. Finally, using experiments and a mass transfer model, I show that the amount of recovered CH₄ is higher at lower temperatures, flux across the membrane is unaffected by presence of CO₂ (another constituent of biogas), and the process has a considerable fouling tolerance. I also show that producing a biogas with a higher CH₄ fraction is attainable from anaerobic effluents. The findings from this thesis aids advances in MCs for NH₃ and CH₄ recovery by considering the impact of performance limiting parameters on product yield, quality, and membrane performance.
Motor Carrier Marketing: A Product Perspective
Creators: name: Jerman, Roger E.
name: Anderson, Ronald D.
name: Constantin, James A.
name: Jerman, Roger E.
name: Anderson, Ronald D.
name: Constantin, James A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 19th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 24-26, 1978, New York, NY
Rare B decays and Tevatron top-pair asymmetry
Creators: name: Chen, Chuan-Hung
name: Law, Sandy S. C.
name: Li, Run-Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent Tevatron result on the top quark forward-backward asymmetry, which deviates from its standard model prediction by 3.4$σ$, has prompted many authors to build new models to account for this anomaly. Among the various proposals, we find that those mechanisms which produce $t\bar t$ via $t$- or $u$-channel can have a strong correlation to the rare B decays. We demonstrate this link by studying a model with a new charged gauge boson, $W'$. In terms of the current measurements on $B\to πK$ decays, we conclude that the branching ratio for $B^-\to π^- \bar K^0$ is affected most by the new effects. Furthermore, using the world average branching ratio for the exclusive B decays at $2σ$ level, we discuss the allowed values for the new parameters. Finally, we point out that the influence of the new physics effects on the direct CP asymmetry in B decays is insignificant.
description: 15 page, 6 figures, typos corrected and references added, final version to appear journal
FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF MODULAR UNIVERSAL YOUTH CENTERS
Creators: name: Mosyakin, D.S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Universal youth center
module, interconnection
functional interaction
modular unit
equipment.

description: Abstract.The article discusses the formation of modular universal youth centers, analyzes the possibilities of using various architectural and urban planning techniques in creating and predicting the development of modules based on factors influencing the choice and formation of modules. Recommendations are given on the placement, typology and internal equipment of various types of modules as components of a universal youth center. The author analyzes the options for forming and connecting modules into a single whole, identifies the prospects for the development of modular architecture and the requirements that must be taken into account when forming modular units.
The purpose of research: Determination of the main parameters to be taken into account when using modular types of buildings,the characteristics of modules and their technical features.
Subject:Universal youth centers of modular type.
Materials and methods:An analysis of the types of modular units was carried out, recommendations were formed for the formation and development of modular universal youth centers in the conditions of the Republic of Crimea.
Results:the results of the obtained research make it clear that modular architecture in the current conditions should be actively applied in design, modular universal youth centers should be implemented and applied in urban conditions. Such centers will be able to reach more people and cover the missing functions in a particular region to ensure the pastime of not only young people, but also the population of all ages. In the course of the study, examples of individual modules included in the universal youth centers were analyzed.
Conclusions:the obtained research results give the concept of the development of modular architecture of youth centers. The formation of universal modular youth centers is the first step in rethinking architecture and urban planning in the region. In the course of the study, examples of individual modules were analyzed, recommendations were formed on the relationship of modules to each other and the functional zoning of parts (modules) of the youth center inside the facility.
A self-driving laboratory for automated materials discovery
Creators: name: Parlane, Fraser G. L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Clean energy materials are most frequently used in electrochemical devices such as solar cells, fuel cells, and electrochemical reactors. These devices have exponentially larger materials spaces that must be optimized in comparison to a single component. This increased complexity is due to the intermolecular interactions that arise at the interfaces between materials in these devices. The performance of these devices is determined by this interfacial chemistry. Both the characterization and control of these interfaces is required, for a knowledge-based approach to device optimization. Techniques that characterize the interfaces of materials in fully functional devices are, therefore, attractive. In Part 1, I show that dye-sensitized solar cells can be used as a characterization tool to probe interfacial interactions. I am able to manipulate the strength of a halogen-bonding interfacial interaction by exchanging a single atom, and consequently control the performance of the electrochemical device. Most scientific disciplines use automation to accelerate discovery in such large experimental spaces. Laboratory automation has yet to be extensively used in materials science. The diverse experimental workflows and extreme experimental conditions used in materials science often require highly customized automation. Flexible automation is the use of robotics to create reconfigurable, automated experiments, which has recently been enabled by the emergence of safer, cheaper, and more user-friendly robotics. Self-driving laboratories are one such opportunity for materials researchers to use flexible automation to move towards autonomous, hypothesis-driven experimentation. Self-driving laboratories are robots controlled by decision-making algorithms that can autonomously plan, execute, and learn from materials science experiments. In Part 2, I introduce Ada: our self-driving laboratory built with flexible automation for automated material discovery and optimization. I show that Ada can accelerate rapid materials discovery and has been successfully deployed to three different materials projects.
Unusual ferromagnetic superexchange in CdVO3: The role of Cd
Creators: name: Tsirlin, Alexander A.
name: Janson, Oleg
name: Rosner, Helge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A microscopic magnetic model of the low-pressure modification of CdVO3 is established, based on density functional theory (DFT) band-structure calculations, magnetization measurements, and quantum Monte-Carlo simulations. This compound is a rare example of a quasi-one-dimensional spin-1/2 system showing exclusively ferromagnetic exchange. The spin lattice of CdVO3 entails zigzag chains with an effective intrachain coupling J ~ -90 K and interchain couplings of Jc ~ -18 K and Ja ~ -3 K. Quantum fluctuations are partially suppressed by the sizable interchain coupling Jc that leads to an intermediate regime between one-dimensional and two-dimensional ferromagnetic systems. Apart from the peculiar spin model, CdVO3 features an unusual mechanism of ferromagnetic superexchange. The couplings largely originate from Cd 5s states mediating hoppings between half-filled and empty 3d states of V+4.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables. Published version with an additional explanation of methodological issues
Radiative vertex $VPγ$ and $η-η'$ mixing in light-cone sum rules
Creators: name: Hou, Jian-Mei
name: Du, Chang-Qiao
name: Chen, Hong
name: Zhou, Ming-Zhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we calculate radiative vertex $VPγ$ ($V=ϕ,ω,ρ$ and $P=η,η'$) by utilizing $ω-ϕ$ mixing scheme and taking into account the contributions of the three-particle twist-4 distribution amplitudes of the photon in QCD sum rules on light cone. According to experimental data of $V\rightarrow Pγ$ and $P\rightarrow Vγ$ from PDG, a value of the $η-η^\prime$ mixing angle, $ϕ=(40.9\pm0.5)^\circ$, is extracted in the framework of the quark-flavor basis to describe the $η-η^\prime$ system.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables
Signal-to-noise ratio in dual-gated silicon nanoribbon field-effect sensors
Creators: name: Tarasov, A.
name: Fu, W.
name: Knopfmacher, O.
name: Brunner, J.
name: Calame, M.
name: Schönenberger, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies on nanoscale field-effect sensors reveal the crucial importance of the low frequency noise for determining the ultimate detection limit. In this letter, the 1/f-type noise of Si nanoribbon field-effect sensors is investigated. We demonstrate that the signal-to-noise ratio can be increased by almost two orders of magnitude if the nanoribbon is operated in an optimal gate voltage range. In this case, the additional noise contribution from the contact regions is minimized, and an accuracy of 0.5% of a pH shift in one Hz bandwidth can be reached.
PREDICTING GENERAL VAGAL NERVE ACTIVITY VIA THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIOPHYSICAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Creators: name: Neely-Brown, LeRayah Michelle
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 320901
subject: Autonomic nervous system

description: The vagus nerve (VN) is the tenth cranial nerve that mediates most of the parasympathetic functions of the autonomic nervous system. The axons of the human VN comprise a mix of unmyelinated and myelinated axons, where ~80% of the axons are unmyelinated C fibers (Havton et al., 2021). Understanding that most VN axons are unmyelinated, there is a need to map the pathways of these axons to and from organs to understand their function(s) and whether C fiber morphology or signaling characteristics yield insights into their functions. Developing a machine learning model that detects and predicts the morphology of VN single fiber action potentials based on select fiber characteristics, e.g., diameter, myelination, and position within the VN, allows us to more readily categorize the nerve fibers with respect to their function(s). Additionally, the features of this machine learning model could help inform peripheral neuromodulation devices that aim to restore, replace, or augment one or more specific functions of the VN that have been lost due to injury, disease, or developmental abnormalities.We designed and trained four types of Multi-layer Perceptron Artificial Deep Neural Networks (MLP-ANN) with 10,000 rat abdominal vagal C-fibers simulated via the peripheral neural interface model ViNERS. We analyze the accuracy of each MLP-ANN’s SFAP predictions by conducting normalized cross-correlation and morphology analyses with the ViNERS C-fiber SFAP counterparts. Our results showed that our best MLP predicted over 94% of the C-fiber SFAPs with strong normalized cross-correlation coefficients of 0.7 through 1 with the ViNERS SFAPs. Overall, this novel tool can use a C-fiber’s biophysical characteristics (i.e., fiber diameter size, fiber position on the x/y axis, etc.) to predict C-fiber SFAP morphology.
Glassy dynamics of crystallite formation: The role of covalent bonds
Creators: name: Hoy, Robert S.
name: O'Hern, Corey S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine nonequilibrium features of collapse behavior in model polymers with competing crystallization and glass transitions using extensive molecular dynamics simulations. By comparing to "colloidal" systems with no covalent bonds but the same non-bonded interactions, we find three principal results: (i) Tangent-sphere polymers and colloids, in the equilibrium-crystallite phase, have nearly identical static properties when the temperature T is scaled by the crystallization temperature T_{cryst}; (ii) Qualitative features of nonequilibrium relaxation below T_{cryst}, measured by the evolution of local structural properties (such as the number of contacts) toward equilibrium crystallites, are the same for polymers and colloids; and (iii) Significant quantitative differences in rearrangements in polymeric and colloidal crystallites, in both far-from equilibrium and near-equilibrium systems, can be understood in terms of chain connectivity. These results have important implications for understanding slow relaxation processes in collapsed polymers, partially folded, misfolded, and intrinsically disordered proteins.
description: The manuscript has been extensively revised for clarity, 2 additional system sizes are considered to validate trends, and the timescale of nonequilibrium aging simulations has been extended by a factor of 5. 13 pages, 8 figures, RSC style
Shear viscosity of a highly excited string and the black hole membrane paradigm
Creators: name: Sasai, Yuya
name: Zahabi, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black hole membrane paradigm states that a certain viscous membrane seems to be sitting on a stretched horizon of a black hole from the viewpoint of a distant observer. We show that the shear viscosity of the fictitious membrane can be reproduced by a highly excited string covering the stretched horizon except for a numerical coefficient.
description: 22 pages, no figure, minor corrections
Powerful Winds from Low-Mass Stars: V374 Peg
Creators: name: Vidotto, A. A.
name: Jardine, M.
name: Opher, M.
name: Donati, J. -F.
name: Gombosi, T. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rapid rotation (P=0.44 d) of the M dwarf V374Peg (M4) along with its intense magnetic field point toward magneto-centrifugal acceleration of a coronal wind. In this work, we investigate the structure of the wind of V374Peg by means of 3D magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) numerical simulations. For the first time, an observationally derived surface magnetic field map is implemented in MHD models of stellar winds for a low mass star. We show that the wind of V374Peg deviates greatly from a low-velocity, low-mass-loss rate solar-type wind. We find general scaling relations for the terminal velocities, mass-loss rates, and spin-down times of highly magnetized M dwarfs. In particular, for V374Peg, our models show that terminal velocities across a range of stellar latitudes reach ~(1500-2300) n_{12}^{-1/2} km/s, where n_{12} is the coronal wind base density in units of 10^{12} cm^{-3}, while the mass-loss rates are about 4 x 10^{-10} n_{12}^{1/2} Msun/yr. We also evaluate the angular-momentum loss of V374Peg, which presents a rotational braking timescale ~28 n_{12}^{-1/2} Myr. Compared to observationally derived values from period distributions of stars in open clusters, this suggests that V374Peg may have low coronal base densities (< 10^{11} cm^{-3}). We show that the wind ram pressure of V374Peg is about 5 orders of magnitude larger than for the solar wind. Nevertheless, a small planetary magnetic field intensity (~ 0.1G) is able to shield a planet orbiting at 1 AU against the erosive effects of the stellar wind. However, planets orbiting inside the habitable zone of V374Peg, where the wind ram pressure is higher, might be facing a more significant atmospheric erosion. In that case, higher planetary magnetic fields of, at least, about half the magnetic field intensity of Jupiter, are required to protect the planet's atmosphere.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. MNRAS in press
Spin segregation via dynamically induced long-range interaction in a system of ultracold fermions
Creators: name: Ebling, Ulrich
name: Eckardt, Andre
name: Lewenstein, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate theoretically the time evolution of a one-dimensional system of spin-1/2 fermions in a harmonic trap after, initially, a spiral spin configuration far-from equilibrium is created. We predict a spin segregation building up in time already for weak interaction under realistic experimental conditions. The effect relies on the interplay between exchange interaction and the harmonic trap, and it is found for a wide range of parameters. It can be understood as a consequence of an effective, dynamically induced long-range interaction that is derived by integrating out the rapid oscillatory dynamics in the trap.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Density profiles of loose and collapsed cohesive granular structures generated by ballistic deposition
Creators: name: Kadau, Dirk
name: Herrmann, Hans J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Loose granular structures stabilized against gravity by an effective cohesive force are investigated on a microscopic basis using contact dynamics. We study the influence of the granular Bond number on the density profiles and the generation process of packings, generated by ballistic deposition under gravity. The internal compaction occurs discontinuously in small avalanches and we study their size distribution. We also develop a model explaining the final density profiles based on insight about the collapse of a packing under changes of the Bond number.
description: 12 pages, 18 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. E