cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Utilizing Artificial Intelligence and Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer to Answer Questions About Clinical Scenarios in Neuroanesthesiology.
Creators: name: Blacker, Samuel N
name: Chowdhury, Tumul
name: Zimmer, Michael
name: Wilson, Brad
name: Chakraborty, Indranil
name: Lele, Abhijit V
name: Kang, Mia
name: Williams, James
name: Lewis, Carol
Publisher: name: Wolters Kluwer
Year: 2023

description:
OBJECTIVE: We tested the ability of chat generative pretrained transformer (ChatGPT), an artificial intelligence chatbot, to answer questions relevant to scenarios covered in 3 clinical guidelines, published by the Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care (SNACC), which has published management guidelines: endovascular treatment of stroke, perioperative stroke (Stroke), and care of patients undergoing complex spine surgery (Spine). METHODS: Four neuroanesthesiologists independently assessed whether ChatGPT could apply 52 high-quality recommendations (HQRs) included in the 3 SNACC guidelines. HQRs were deemed present in the ChatGPT responses if noted by at least 3 of the 4 reviewers. Reviewers also identified incorrect references, potentially harmful recommendations, and whether ChatGPT cited the SNACC guidelines. RESULTS: The overall reviewer agreement for the presence of HQRs in the ChatGPT answers ranged from 0% to 100%. Only 4 of 52 (8%) HQRs were deemed present by at least 3 of the 4 reviewers after 5 generic questions, and 23 (44%) HQRs were deemed present after at least 1 additional targeted question. Potentially harmful recommendations were identified for each of the 3 clinical scenarios and ChatGPT failed to cite the SNACC guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: The ChatGPT answers were open to human interpretation regarding whether the responses included the HQRs. Though targeted questions resulted in the inclusion of more HQRs than generic questions, fewer than 50% of HQRs were noted even after targeted questions. This suggests that ChatGPT should not currently be considered a reliable source of information for clinical decision-making. Future iterations of ChatGPT may refine algorithms to improve its reliability as a source of clinical information.
Patterns and Life Course Determinants of Black–White Disparities in Biological Age Acceleration: A Decomposition Analysis
Creators: name: Yang, Y Claire
name: Kwon, Dayoon
name: Harris, Kathleen Mullan
name: Dennis, Alexis C
name: Boen, Courtney E
name: Aiello, Allison E
name: Belsky, Daniel W
Publisher: name: Duke University Press
Year: 2023

description:
Despite the prominence of the weathering hypothesis as a mechanism underlying racialized inequities in morbidity and mortality, the life course social and economic determinants of Black-White disparities in biological aging remain inadequately understood. This study uses data from the Health and Retirement Study (n = 6,782), multivariable regression, and Kitagawa-Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition to assess Black-White disparities across three measures of biological aging: PhenoAge, Klemera-Doubal biological age, and homeostatic dysregulation. It also examines the contributions of racial differences in life course socioeconomic and stress exposures and vulnerability to those exposures to Black-White disparities in biological aging. Across the outcomes, Black individuals exhibited accelerated biological aging relative to White individuals. Decomposition analyses showed that racial differences in life course socioeconomic exposures accounted for roughly 27% to 55% of the racial disparities across the biological aging measures, and racial disparities in psychosocial stress exposure explained 7% to 11%. We found less evidence that heterogeneity in the associations between social exposures and biological aging by race contributed substantially to Black-White disparities in biological aging. Our findings offer new evidence of the role of life course social exposures in generating disparities in biological aging, with implications for understanding age patterns of morbidity and mortality risks.
title: Challenging Land Contracting on the Basis of Disparate Impact After Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs v. Inclusive Communities Project, Inc.: A Viable Option or a Dead End?
title: Challenging Land Contracting on the Basis of Disparate Impact After Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs v. Inclusive Communities Project, Inc.: A Viable Option or a Dead End?
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Kruschke, Allison N.
Publisher: name: Michigan State University College of Law
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Article published in the Michigan State Law Review.
description: Article published in the Michigan State Law Review.
Additional file 9 of Semi-field evaluation of the space spray efficacy of Fludora Co-Max EW against wild insecticide-resistant Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito populations from Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
Creators: name: Zahouli, Julien Z. B.
name: Dibo, Jean-Denis
name: Diakaridia, Fofana
name: Yao, Laurence V. A.
name: Souza, Sarah D.
name: Horstmann, Sebastian
name: Koudou, Benjamin G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 9: Table S4. Knockdown rate at time intervals post-application in the wild insecticide-resistant Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus Abidjan strain mosquitoes exposed to outdoor ULV space spray of Fludora Co-Max EW and K-Othrine EC. ULV, ultra-low volume.
Additional file 1 of Conditions for successful implementation of couple-based collaborative management model of diabetes among community-dwelling older Chinese: a qualitative comparative analysis
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Yang, Conghui
name: Liu, Yixuan
name: Wu, Dadong
name: Liu, Lingrui
name: Zheng, Huiqiong
name: Xu, Dong (Roman)
name: Liao, Jing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Neuroscience
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1: Interview outline
Additional file 1 of Spatial and temporal distribution of reported dengue cases and hot spot identification in Quezon City, Philippines, 2010–2017
Creators: name: Medina, John Robert C.
name: Takeuchi, Rie
name: Mercado, Chris Erwin G.
name: de los Reyes, Calvin S.
name: Cruz, Rolando V.
name: Abrigo, Melvin D. R.
name: Hernandez, Paul Michael R.
name: Garcia, Fernando B.
name: Salanguit, Mika
name: Gregorio, Ernesto R.
name: Kawamura, Shin’ya
name: Hung, Khew Ee
name: Kaneko, Masami
name: Nonaka, Daisuke
name: Maude, Richard J.
name: Kobayashi, Jun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Barangays in Quezon City, the Philippines.
Pharmacokinetics, the Immunological Impact, and the Effect on HIV Ex-Vivo Infectivity of Maraviroc, Raltegravir, and Lopinavir in Men Who Have Sex with Men Using Postexposure Prophylaxis
Creators: name: de Miguel, Cristina Rodríguez
name: García, Felipe
name: Llach, Josep
name: Gatell, Jose M.
name: Guardo, Alberto C.
name: Climent, Núria
name: Rovira, Cristina
name: Alcamí, Jose
name: Beltrán, Manuela
name: Bedoya, Luis M.
name: Plana, Montserrat
name: Kashuba, Angela D.M.
name: Leal, Lorna
Publisher: name: Mary Ann Liebert
Year: 2023

description:
Most of the studies using the colorectal tissue explants challenge model have been conducted after one single dose and before reaching a steady state. We consider that longer exposure as in 28-day postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) course and in an at-risk setting, such as after a sexual risk exposure to HIV could give us valuable information about these drugs. In a substudy we assessed pharmacokinetics, changes on immune system and ex-vivo rectal mucosal susceptibility to HIV-1 infection after taking maraviroc (MVC), raltegravir (RAL), and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) PEP-based regimens in 30 men who have sex with men. Participants received 28 days of twice-daily MVC (n = 11), RAL (n = 10) or LPV/r (n = 9) all with tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) backbone. Blood, rectal fluid, and rectal tissue samples were collected at days 7, 28, and 90 after starting PEP. The samples obtained at day 90 were considered baseline. All studied antiretrovirals were quantifiable at 7 and 28 days in all tissues. Activation markers were increased in CD4 mucosal mononuclear cells (MMCs) after 28 days of MVC: CD38 + 68.5 versus 85.1, p = .008 and CD38+DR +16.1 versus 26.7, p = .008. Exposure to MVC at both endpoints (7 and 28 days) was associated with significant suppression of HIV-1BAL (p = .005 and p = .028), but we did not observe this effect with RAL or LPV/r. Merging together changes in MMC in all arms, we found a positive correlation in the CD8 T cell lineage between the infectivity at day 7 and activation (CD38+ r = 0.43, p = .025, DR + r = 0.547, p = .003 and 38+DR+ r = 0.526, p = .05), senescence (CD57+CD28- r = 0.479, p = .012), naive cells (RA+CCR7+ r = 0.484, p = .01), and CCR5 expression (r = 0.593, p = .001). We conclude that MVC in combination with TDF/FTC was associated with viral suppression in rectal explants and that overall ex-vivo HIV infectivity correlated with activation and senescence in CD8 MMCs.
Conversational Agents to Support Remote Personalized Instruction for Diverse Learners
Creators: name: Emerling, Christopher R.
name: Hunt, Tiffany L.
name: Carter, Richard Allen
name: Yang, Sohyun
name: Zhang, Ling
name: Rujimora, James
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2023

description:
Recent developments in Conversational Agents (CAs) have offered researchers new ways to develop personalized learning support for students that is accessible in various environments. Traditionally, CA learner experiences are accessible through home devices, including Alexa Echo and Google Nest, for tasks such as setting reminders, ordering products, and controlling smart home functions. However, there is an opportunity to expand CA’s range to investigate the role of CAs in guiding instruction as a novel digital learning modality for learners with diverse needs. This article introduces considerations for designing CAs that leverage aspects of personalized student learning paired with common pedagogical instruction accessible on demand. Guided by classical theories of multimodal learning and self-regulated learning, we describe how to design CAs to capture personalized student variables throughout the voice instruction. Finally, we discuss the implications and potential for CAs moving forward to meet diverse learning needs of all learners.
Additional file 2 of Conditions for successful implementation of couple-based collaborative management model of diabetes among community-dwelling older Chinese: a qualitative comparative analysis
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Yang, Conghui
name: Liu, Yixuan
name: Wu, Dadong
name: Liu, Lingrui
name: Zheng, Huiqiong
name: Xu, Dong (Roman)
name: Liao, Jing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Neuroscience
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 2: Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) analysis steps
Engaging Black sexual minority women in breast cancer research: Lessons in community partnerships
Creators: name: Geffen, Sophia R.
name: Dean, Lorraine T.
name: Poteat, Tonia
name: Malone, Jowanna
name: Greene, Naomi
name: Adams, Mary Anne
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023

description:
BACKGROUND: Black sexual minority women (BSMW) face significant breast cancer health inequities and are underrepresented in health research because of historical and present-day exclusion. However, there exists no peer-reviewed literature on best practices for the inclusion of BSMW in cancer research. "Our Breast Health: The Access Project" was a national primary data collection study in June 2018 through October 2019 that aimed to identify facilitators and barriers to breast cancer care among BSMW, and that successfully recruited the highest number of BSMW for any national breast cancer screening study at the time of its publication. METHODS: The present analysis highlights best practices for reaching BSMW by examining by how effective various recruitment sources were at recruiting BSMW. Recruitment partners were grouped into several categories: (1) cancer focused, (2) Black women or sexual minority women focused, (3) BSMW focused, (4) social media, and (5) other. Then logistic regression was used to estimate the odds that a particular recruitment source category could recruit BSMW compared with other categories. RESULTS: Partnerships with community-based organizations led by and intended for BSMW were the most successful at recruiting BSMW, demonstrating the importance of an intersectional approach to recruitment. Community-based organizations focused on BSMW specifically were 26 times more successful in recruiting BSMW to the study compared with recruiting Black women who were not sexual minorities (odds ratio, 26.43 [95% CI, 7.50-93.10]). CONCLUSIONS: Successful recruitment enables breast cancer research grounded in the perspectives of BSMW, which can generate key findings that have the potential to remedy longstanding health inequities for this population.
Sea level rise adaptation pushes an insular endemic rodent closer to extinction
Creators: name: Sneckenberger, Sandra
name: Taillie, Paul J.
name: Perry, Neil
name: Anderson, Chad
name: Kalasz, Kevin
name: McCleery, Robert A.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2023

description:
Understanding how species will respond to a rapidly changing global climate is requisite to conserving biodiversity. Though habitat losses from human development and land use change remain the most critical threats to biodiversity globally, some regions, such as low-lying islands, are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Despite this vulnerability, there may be opportunities for imperiled species on islands to adapt to the effects of climate-induced sea level rise. To understand how the response to rising seas may influence the amount of future habitat, we investigated shifts in the elevational range of the endangered silver rice rat (Oryzomys palustris natator; hereafter “rice rat”), a species endemic to tidal environments of the Lower Florida Keys, USA. We quantified fine-scale habitat use using radio telemetry of collared animals, first in 2004, and again in 2021, thus spanning a 17-year period during which the local sea level rose by 0.142 m. We observed a shift in the elevational range limits of rice rats which closely mirrored the rise in sea level, and that this apparent ability to adapt to rising sea level decreased the extent of habitat loss in subsequent decades. However, over longer time scales (~ 100 yrs), the extent of habitat loss from sea level rise outpaced rice rats’ ability to adapt. As such, the conservation of biodiversity on low-lying islands hinges on the ability of the global community to decrease anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the associated consequences for the global climate. Otherwise, conservation practitioners will be increasingly forced to make difficult decisions about how to conserve imperiled species on low-lying islands.
Additional file 5 of Insights into the susceptibility of Pseudomonas putida to industrially relevant aromatic hydrocarbons that it can synthesize from sugars
Creators: name: García-Franco, Ana
name: Godoy, Patricia
name: Duque, Estrella
name: Ramos, Juan Luis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 5: Table S2. Number of genes and proteins uncharacterized or without known function up- or downregulated in P. putida DOT-T1E in response to trans-cinnamic acid (tCA), styrene supplied in the gas phase or both compounds.
Additional file 1 of Comparative analysis of external locking plate and combined frame external fixator for open distal tibial fractures: a comprehensive assessment of clinical outcomes and financial implications
Creators: name: Bangura, Mohamed Lamin
name: Luo, Huasong
name: Zeng, Teng
name: Wang, Minglu
name: Lin, Shangce
name: Chunli, Liang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table 1. Group A (Team Locking Plate) patients’ characteristics. Table 2. Group B (The patients that received the usual combined external fixation system-external fixation brackets) patients’ characteristics. Table 3. Group A (Team Locking plate) estimated expenditure. Table 4. Group B (Team Combined frame external fixator) estimated expenditure.
Application and prospect of artificial intellingence in diabetes care
Creators: name: Jia, Weiping
name: Fisher, Edwin B.
Publisher: name: De Gruyter
Year: 2023

description:
Diabetes is one of the fastest-growing non-communicable diseases, becoming an important public health concern worldwide as well as in China. Currently, China has the largest population living with diabetes. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a fast-growing field and its applications to diabetes could enable the delivery of better management services for people with diabetes. This perspective summarized the latest findings of digital technologies and AI use in the following areas of diabetes care, mainly including screening and risk predictions of diabetes and diabetic complications, precise monitoring and intervention combined with new technologies, and mobile health application in self-management support for people with diabetes. Challenges to promote further use of AI in diabetes care included data standardization and integration, performance of AI-based medical devices, motivation of patients, and sensitivity to privacy. In summary, although the AI applications in clinical practice is still at an early stage, we are moving toward a new paradigm for diabetes care with the rapid development and emerging application of AI.
External validity in distributed data networks
Creators: name: Toh, Sengwee
name: Arnold, Jonathan
name: Webster‐Clark, Michael
name: Platt, Robert
name: Carton, Thomas
name: McTigue, Kathleen M.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023

description:
PURPOSE: While much has been written about how distributed networks address internal validity, external validity is rarely discussed. We aimed to define key terms related to external validity, discuss how they relate to distributed networks, and identify how three networks (the US Food and Drug Administration's Sentinel System, the Canadian Network for Observational Drug Effect Studies [CNODES], and the National Patient Centered Clinical Research Network [PCORnet]) deal with external validity. METHODS: We define external validity, target populations, target validity, generalizability, and transportability and describe how each relates to distributed networks. We then describe Sentinel, CNODES, and PCORnet and how each approaches these concepts, including a sample case study. RESULTS: Each network approaches external validity differently. As its target population is US citizens and it includes only US data, Sentinel primarily worries about lack of external validity by not including some segments of the population. The fact that CNODES includes Canadian, United States, and United Kingdom data forces them to seriously consider whether the United States and United Kingdom data will be transportable to Canadian citizens when they meta-analyze database-specific estimates. PCORnet, with its focus on study-specific cohorts and pragmatic trials, conducts more case-by-case explorations of external validity for each new analytic data set it generates. CONCLUSIONS: There is no one-size-fits-all approach to external validity within distributed networks. With these networks and comparisons between their findings becoming a key part of pharmacoepidemiology, there is a need to adapt tools for improving external validity to the distributed network setting.
ASP889374 Supplemental Material2 - Supplemental material for Method Transfer Evaluation for Digital Derivative Spectrophotometry Through its Resolution Parameter Comparison of Different Computer Programs
Creators: name: Homšek, Ana
name: Marković, Bojan
name: Nataša Bogavac-Stanojević
name: Sote Vladimirov
name: Karljiković-Rajić, Katarina
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 99999 Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: Supplemental material, ASP889374 Supplemental Material2 for Method Transfer Evaluation for Digital Derivative Spectrophotometry Through its Resolution Parameter Comparison of Different Computer Programs by Ana Homšek, Bojan Marković, Nataša Bogavac-Stanojević, Sote Vladimirov and Katarina Karljiković-Rajić in Applied Spectroscopy
Examining Full-Time Academic General Pediatric Faculty Compensation by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity: 2020–2021
Creators: name: Brown, Callie L
name: Montez, Kimberly
name: Omoruyi, Emma A
name: Orr, Colin J
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2023

description:
OBJECTIVE: In medicine, women have lower lifetime earnings than men. To our knowledge, an in-depth examination of academic general pediatric faculty compensation by gender, race, and ethnicity has not been conducted. We aimed to 1) explore full-time academic general pediatric faculty salary differences by race and ethnicity; 2) explore these differences among all full-time pediatric faculty. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study using data on median full-time academic general pediatric faculty compensation for the academic year of 2020-2021 from the Association of American Medical Colleges Medical School Faculty Salary Survey report. Pearson's chi-square tests were used to evaluate the association of faculty rank with gender, race, ethnicity, and degree. We used hierarchical generalize linear models with a log link and a gamma distribution to model to assess the association of median salary with faculty race and ethnicity, adjusting for degree, rank, and gender. RESULTS: Men academic general pediatric faculty consistently had higher median salaries than women faculty even after adjusting for degree, rank, race, and ethnicity. Underrepresented in medicine academic general pediatric faculty had a lower median salary when compared to White faculty, and this was similar when adjusted for degree, rank, race, and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated broad disparities in general academic pediatric compensation by both gender and race and ethnicity. Academic medical centers must identify, acknowledge, and address inequities in compensation models.
Heterosexist discrimination and relational sacrifice of same‐sex couples
Creators: name: Curran, Melissa A.
name: Zhao, Zhenqiang
name: Cao, Hongjian
name: Li, Xiaomin
name: Mills‐Koonce, Roger
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023

description:
Drawing on the family stress process model and using data from 141 same‐sex couples ( N = 282 partners), we examined associations between heterosexist discrimination and relational sacrifices (i.e., willingness and behaviors). We also examined the moderating roles of both partners' internalized homophobia and state‐level liberalism on same‐sex marriage legalization. Actor‐partner interdependence moderation models were conducted. Most of our findings supported hypotheses from the family stress process model. One individual's experiences of greater heterosexist discrimination were related to the partner's higher levels of sacrifice willingness and the individual's own higher frequency of sacrifice behaviors. Such associations emerged (a) among couples living in more liberal states that legalized same‐sex marriage earlier, and (b) when the individual's partner reported lower levels of internalized homophobia. Yet the moderating role of an individual's internalized homophobia was the opposite of our hypothesis. When individuals reported high (versus low) internalized homophobia, individuals' experiences of more discriminative events were related to partners' higher levels of sacrifice willingness. Collectively, our study findings highlight that—when investigating how same‐sex couples forge and maintain romantic bonds—researchers should consider their experiences in the social cultural context of heteronormativity, which includes the focus on discrimination, stigma, and affirmative laws and policies.
Investigating the Charlotte Medal: origins, agency and commemoration
Creators: name: Buckton, Jessica Eileen
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 430302
subject: Australian history

description: The arrival of the First Fleet at Botany Bay in 1788 is well documented in official, literary sources. The Charlotte Medal stands as an exception – a personally created commemorative object that narrates the voyage of the First Fleet from Spithead to Botany Bay. The medal is largely unknown but has been presented as the first colonial Australian art object. Scholarship has focused on determining the medal’s commissioner, thought to be the surgeon of the Charlotte transport John White. New evidence has emerged which challenges this consensus, raising novel questions about the origins and functions of the medal. Using a methodological approach based in theories of agency and materiality, this thesis argues that the Charlotte Medal was an active object that had the capacity to communicate understandings and views about the arrival of the Fleet, and the commissioner’s role within it. This thesis contests earlier assumptions that presented the medal as a static art piece, arguing instead that the medal’s modes – namely its text, iconography and materiality – performed active communicative functions within the context of eighteenth-century Britain. Through investigations of travel writing, antiquarian thought, maritime culture and the Charlotte Medal itself, this thesis argues that the medal was an active agent that communicated ideas of empire, trust, reliability and authority. In examining these elements of the object, new understandings about the commemorative function of the medal as a monument to the arrival of the Fleet can be examined.
Mapping the scientific literature on obstetrical and perinatal health among sexual and gender minoritised (SGM) childbearing people and their infants: a scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Schulte, Alison R
name: Huang, Aimee K
name: Jahan, Aava B
name: Srinivasan, Sanjana
name: Soled, Kodiak Ray Sung
name: Chen, Laura
name: McLaughlin, Claire
name: Hall, Mary-Frances E
name: Charlton, Brittany M
name: Mita, Carol
Publisher: name: BMJ
Year: 2023

description:
INTRODUCTION: Sexual and gender minoritised (SGM) populations are disproportionately impacted by multilevel risk factors for obstetrical and perinatal outcomes, including structural (eg, stigma, discrimination, access to care) and individual risk factors (eg, partner violence, poor mental health, substance use). Emerging evidence shows SGM childbearing people have worse obstetrical outcomes and their infants have worse perinatal outcomes, when compared with their cisgender and heterosexual counterparts; this emerging evidence necessitates a comprehensive examination of existing literature on obstetrical and perinatal health among SGM people. The goal of this scoping review is to comprehensively map the extent, range and nature of scientific literature on obstetrical and perinatal physical health outcomes among SGM populations and their infants. We aim to summarise findings from existing literature, potentially informing clinical guidelines on perinatal care, as well as highlighting knowledge gaps and providing directions for future research. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review framework and report findings according to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. We will conduct a broad systematic search in Medline/PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science Core Collection. Eligible studies will include peer-reviewed, empirical, English-language publications pertaining to obstetrical and perinatal physical health outcomes of SGM people or their infants. No temporal or geographical limitations will be applied to the search. Studies conducted in all settings will be considered. Records will be managed, screened and extracted by two independent reviewers. Study characteristics, key findings and research gaps will be presented in tables and summarised narratively. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. The findings of this scoping review will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal and conference presentations. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework https://osf.io/6fg4a/.
Additional file 1 of Exogenous hydrogen sulfide and methylglyoxal alleviate cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Salix matsudana Koidz by regulating glutathione metabolism
Creators: name: Guo, Long
name: Ling, Long
name: Wang, Xiaoqian
name: Cheng, Ting
name: Wang, Hongyan
name: Ruan, Yanan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Gene-specific primers sequences used in the present study. Fig. S1. The correlations between the ROS levels, MDA content, antioxidative enzyme activities, stress-relative gene expressions, H2S and MG contents, Gly I and Gly II activities and non-enzymatic antioxidants were determined by Spearman test. * indicates significant correlation at 0.05 level; ** indicates significant correlation at 0.01 level.
Black American women’s attitudes toward seeking mental health services and use of mobile technology to support the management of anxiety
Creators: name: Tomlin, Holly R
name: Schwartz, Todd A
name: Foster, Meagan
name: McCall, Terika
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Year: 2023

description:
Objectives: This study aimed to understand Black American women's attitudes toward seeking mental health services and using mobile technology to receive support for managing anxiety. Methods: A self-administered web-based questionnaire was launched in October 2019 and closed in January 2020. Women who identified as Black/African American were eligible to participate. The survey consisted of approximately 70 questions and covered topics such as, attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help, acceptability of using a mobile phone to receive mental health care, and screening for anxiety. Results: The findings of the study (N = 395) showed that younger Black women were more likely to have greater severity of anxiety than their older counterparts. Respondents were most comfortable with the use of a voice call or video call to communicate with a professional to receive support to manage anxiety in comparison to text messaging or mobile app. Younger age, higher income, and greater scores for psychological openness and help-seeking propensity increased odds of indicating agreement with using mobile technology to communicate with a professional. Black women in the Southern region of the United States had twice the odds of agreeing to the use of mobile apps than women in the Midwest and Northeast regions. Discussion: Black American women, in general, have favorable views toward the use of mobile technology to receive support to manage anxiety. Conclusion: Preferences and cultural appropriateness of resources should be assessed on an individual basis to increase likelihood of adoption and engagement with digital mental health interventions for management of anxiety.
Additional file 6 of Plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles unleash the angiogenic potential in head and neck cancer patients
Creators: name: Tengler, Luisa
name: Schütz, Julia
name: Tiedtke, Moritz
name: Jablonska, Jadwiga
name: Theodoraki, Marie-Nicole
name: Nitschke, Katja
name: Weiß, Christel
name: Seiz, Elena
name: Affolter, Annette
name: Jungbauer, Frederic
name: Lammert, Anne
name: Rotter, Nicole
name: Ludwig, Sonja
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 6. Fig. S5. Correlation of clinical factors with the effect of sEVs on EC proliferation.
Racial Health Equity and Social Needs Interventions
Creators: name: Fichtenberg, Caroline M.
name: Cartier, Yuri
name: Kennedy, Sara M.
name: Peek, Monica E.
name: Viswanathan, Meera
name: Cené, Crystal W.
name: Sathe, Nila A.
name: Gottlieb, Laura M.
Publisher: name: American Medical Association (AMA)
Year: 2023

description:
Importance: Social needs interventions aim to improve health outcomes and mitigate inequities by addressing health-related social needs, such as lack of transportation or food insecurity. However, it is not clear whether these studies are reducing racial or ethnic inequities. Objective: To understand how studies of interventions addressing social needs among multiracial or multiethnic populations conceptualize and analyze differential intervention outcomes by race or ethnicity. Evidence Review: Sources included a scoping review of systematic searches of PubMed and the Cochrane Library from January 1, 1995, through November 29, 2021, expert suggestions, and hand searches of key citations. Eligible studies evaluated interventions addressing social needs; reported behavioral, health, or utilization outcomes or harms; and were conducted in multiracial or multiethnic populations. Two reviewers independently assessed titles, abstracts, and full text for inclusion. The team developed a framework to assess whether the study was "conceptually thoughtful" for understanding root causes of racial health inequities (ie, noted that race or ethnicity are markers of exposure to racism) and whether analyses were "analytically informative" for advancing racial health equity research (ie, examined differential intervention impacts by race or ethnicity). Findings: Of 152 studies conducted in multiracial or multiethnic populations, 44 studies included race or ethnicity in their analyses; of these, only 4 (9%) were conceptually thoughtful. Twenty-one studies (14%) were analytically informative. Seven of 21 analytically informative studies reported differences in outcomes by race or ethnicity, whereas 14 found no differences. Among the 7 that found differential outcomes, 4 found the interventions were associated with improved outcomes for minoritized racial or ethnic populations or reduced inequities between minoritized and White populations. No studies were powered to detect differences. Conclusions and Relevance: In this review of a scoping review, studies of social needs interventions in multiracial or multiethnic populations were rarely conceptually thoughtful for understanding root causes of racial health inequities and infrequently conducted informative analyses on intervention effectiveness by race or ethnicity. Future work should use a theoretically sound conceptualization of how race (as a proxy for racism) affects social drivers of health and use this understanding to ensure social needs interventions benefit minoritized racial and ethnic groups facing social and structural barriers to health.
Perspectives on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) implementation in Mississippi among Black women and clinical staff: Recommendations for clinical trauma-informed programs
Creators: name: Monger, M P H Mauda
name: Chan, Philip A
name: Baral, Stefan D
name: Shah, Aashna
name: Mena, Leandro A
name: Kershaw, Trace
name: Adimora, Adaora A
name: Willie, Tiara C
name: Phillips, Karlye
name: Stockman, Jamila K
name: Nunn, Amy
name: Mayer, Kenneth H
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2023

description:
Intimate partner violence (IPV) can constraint Black women's ability to prioritize and access Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) services. Recent research has called for the development of trauma-informed PrEP implementation programs to improve the delivery of PrEP to Black cisgender women; however, many PrEP-prescribing settings do not reflect this recommendation. The current study sought to identify key components to develop a trauma-informed PrEP implementation program for Black cisgender women and clinical staff. We conducted focus groups with PrEP-eligible Black cisgender women (February-June 2019), and semi-structured interviews with clinical staff offering HIV prevention and treatment services (October-November 2020) in community healthcare clinics in Mississippi. Seven themes were identified as needed to facilitate integration of trauma-informed approaches into existing PrEP programs, including defining intimate partner violence (IPV), appropriate IPV screening and response, HIV prevention in abusive relationships, staff training needs, and creating supportive clinic environments. PrEP-eligible Black women and clinical staff generally agreed on how to best operationalize IPV screening and response, the importance of trauma-informed staff training, and the need for Black women-specific informational campaigns. However, Black women highlighted the need for providers to discuss HIV prevention in controlling relationships, and to respond to IPV disclosure. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis has yet to achieve the potential impact observed in trials. Ultimately, realizing the HIV prevention potential of PrEP in the US necessitates centering the perspectives of Black cisgender women and staff to better integrate trauma-informed approaches.
CEP911623 Supplemental Material2 - Supplemental material for Altered regional cerebral blood flow and hypothalamic connectivity immediately prior to a migraine headache
Creators: name: Meylakh, Noemi
name: Marciszewski, Kasia K
name: Pietro, Flavia Di
name: Macefield, Vaughan G
name: Macey, Paul M
name: Henderson, Luke A
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
subject: Neuroscience

description: Supplemental material, CEP911623 Supplemental Material2 for Altered regional cerebral blood flow and hypothalamic connectivity immediately prior to a migraine headache by Noemi Meylakh, Kasia K Marciszewski, Flavia Di Pietro, Vaughan G Macefield, Paul M Macey and Luke A Henderson in Cephalalgia
Additional file 3 of Plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles unleash the angiogenic potential in head and neck cancer patients
Creators: name: Tengler, Luisa
name: Schütz, Julia
name: Tiedtke, Moritz
name: Jablonska, Jadwiga
name: Theodoraki, Marie-Nicole
name: Nitschke, Katja
name: Weiß, Christel
name: Seiz, Elena
name: Affolter, Annette
name: Jungbauer, Frederic
name: Lammert, Anne
name: Rotter, Nicole
name: Ludwig, Sonja
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 3. Fig. S2. Titration curve for optimal sEV concentration used for the MTS assay.
Application of artificial intelligence in quantifying lung deposition dose of black carbon in people with exposure to ambient combustion particles
Creators: name: Rowe, Cassie L.
name: Jiang, Menghui
name: Gong, Xi
name: Leng, Shuguang
name: Wang, Jialiang
name: Sood, Akshay
name: Dagucon, Christopher P.
name: Alexis, Neil E.
name: Guo, Yan
name: Lin, Yan
name: Gilliland, Frank D.
name: Zhu, Yiliang
name: Yu, Xiaozhong
name: Belinsky, Steven A.
name: Kang, Huining
name: Hu, Chelin Jamie
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2023

description:
Background Understanding lung deposition dose of black carbon is critical to fully reconcile epidemiological evidence of combustion particles induced health effects and inform the development of air quality metrics concerning black carbon. Macrophage carbon load (MaCL) is a novel cytology method that quantifies lung deposition dose of black carbon, however it has limited feasibility in large-scale epidemiological study due to the labor-intensive manual counting.ObjectiveTo assess the association between MaCL and episodic elevation of combustion particles; to develop artificial intelligence based counting algorithm for MaCL assay. Methods Sputum slides were collected during episodic elevation of ambient PM2.5 (n = 49, daily PM2.5 > 10 µg/m3 for over 2 weeks due to wildfire smoke intrusion in summer and local wood burning in winter) and low PM2.5 period (n = 39, 30-day average PM2.5 < 4 µg/m3) from the Lovelace Smokers cohort. Results Over 98% individual carbon particles in macrophages had diameter <1 µm. MaCL levels scored manually were highly responsive to episodic elevation of ambient PM2.5 and also correlated with lung injury biomarker, plasma CC16. The association with CC16 became more robust when the assessment focused on macrophages with higher carbon load. A Machine-Learning algorithm for Engulfed cArbon Particles (MacLEAP) was developed based on the Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network. MacLEAP algorithm yielded excellent correlations with manual counting for number and area of the particles. The algorithm produced associations with ambient PM2.5 and plasma CC16 that were nearly identical in magnitude to those obtained through manual counting. Impact statement Understanding lung black carbon deposition is crucial for comprehending health effects of combustion particles. We developed “Machine-Learning algorithm for Engulfed cArbon Particles (MacLEAP)”, the first artificial intelligence algorithm for quantifying airway macrophage black carbon. Our study bolstered the algorithm with more training images and its first use in air pollution epidemiology. We revealed macrophage carbon load as a sensitive biomarker for heightened ambient combustion particles due to wildfires and residential wood burning.
Additional file 1 of Vitamin C reduces the severity of common colds: a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Hemilä, Harri
name: Chalker, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 1: Search for the trials, Figs. S1–S5, Description of the included trials.
A generalizable electrocardiogram-based artificial intelligence model for 10-year heart failure risk prediction
Creators: name: Akbilgic, Oguz
name: Soliman, Elsayed Z.
name: Chen, Lin Yee
name: Tison, Geoffrey H.
name: Karabayir, Ibrahim
name: Butler, Liam
name: Alonso, Alvaro
name: Chang, Patricia P.
name: Clifford, Gari
name: Kitzman, Dalane W.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2023

description:
Background: Heart failure (HF) is a progressive condition with high global incidence. HF has two main subtypes: HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). There is an inherent need for simple yet effective electrocardiogram (ECG)-based artificial intelligence (AI; ECG-AI) models that can predict HF risk early to allow for risk modification. Objective: The main objectives were to validate HF risk prediction models using Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) data and assess performance on HFpEF and HFrEF classification. Methods: There were six models in comparision derived using ARIC data. 1) The ECG-AI model predicting HF risk was developed using raw 12-lead ECGs with a convolutional neural network. The clinical models from 2) ARIC (ARIC-HF) and 3) Framingham Heart Study (FHS-HF) used 9 and 8 variables, respectively. 4) Cox proportional hazards (CPH) model developed using the clinical risk factors in ARIC-HF or FHS-HF. 5) CPH model using the outcome of ECG-AI and the clinical risk factors used in CPH model (ECG-AI-Cox) and 6) A Light Gradient Boosting Machine model using 288 ECG Characteristics (ECG-Chars). All the models were validated on MESA. The performances of these models were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and compared using the DeLong test. Results: ECG-AI, ECG-Chars, and ECG-AI-Cox resulted in validation AUCs of 0.77, 0.73, and 0.84, respectively. ARIC-HF and FHS-HF yielded AUCs of 0.76 and 0.74, respectively, and CPH resulted in AUC = 0.78. ECG-AI-Cox outperformed all other models. ECG-AI-Cox provided an AUC of 0.85 for HFrEF and 0.83 for HFpEF. Conclusion: ECG-AI using ECGs provides better-validated predictions when compared to HF risk calculators, and the ECG feature model and also works well with HFpEF and HFrEF classification.
title: Vanilla PP for Philosophers: A Primer on Predictive Processing
title: Vanilla PP for Philosophers: A Primer on Predictive Processing
Creators: name: Wiese, Wanja
name: Metzinger, Thomas K.
Publisher: name: Theoretical Philosophy/MIND Group – JGU Mainz
Year: 2017

description: The goal of this short chapter, aimed at philosophers, is to provide an overview and brief explanation of some central concepts involved in predictive processing (PP). Even those who consider themselves experts on the topic may find it helpful to see how the central terms are used in this collection. To keep things simple, we will first informally define a set of features important to predictive processing, supplemented by some short explanations and an alphabetic glossary.
The features described here are not shared in all PP accounts. Some may not be necessary for an individual model; others may be contested. Indeed, not even all authors of this collection will accept all of them. To make this transparent, we have encouraged contributors to indicate briefly which of the features are necessary to support the arguments they provide, and which (if any) are incompatible with their account. For the sake of clarity, we provide the complete list here, very roughly ordered by how central we take them to be for “vanilla PP” (i.e., a formulation of predictive processing that will probably be accepted by most researchers working on this topic). More detailed explanations will be given below. Note that these features do not specify individually necessary and jointly sufficient conditions for the application of the concept of “predictive processing”. All we currently have is a semantic cluster, with perhaps some overlapping sets of jointly sufficient criteria. The framework is still developing, and it is difficult, maybe impossible, to provide theory-neutral explanations of all PP ideas without already introducing strong background assumptions. Nevertheless, at least features 1-7 can be regarded as necessary properties of what is called PP in this volume:
description: PPP
description: PPP