cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Anti-proliferate and apoptosis triggering potential of methotrexate-transferrin conjugate encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles with enhanced cellular uptake by high-affinity folate receptors
Creators: name: Ankush Parmar
name: Jain, Atul
name: Uppal, Shivani
name: S. K. Mehta
name: Khuswinder Kaur
name: Singh, Bhupinder
name: Rajat Sandhir
name: Sharma, Shweta
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: The objective of the present study is to enhance the permeation of bioactive molecules across highly lipophilic insurmountable blood brain barrier (BBB) using folic acid (FA) functionalized poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (FA-PNPs) coated with non-ionic surfactant, Polysorbate 80 (P80). The developed Mtx-Tf loaded folic acid anchored PNPs formulation depicted particle size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency of 109 ± 2.3 nm, –9.38 ± 0.9 mV and 71.0 ± 0.6%, respectively. In vitro release showed biphasic release pattern with initial >35% release in 8 h followed by sustained release, up to 65% by the end of 168 h. SRB cyto-toxicity assay depicted P80-Mtx-Tf-FA-PNPs possessing better cellular cyto-toxicity (C6 Glioma) as compared to counter test formulations, i.e. 100 μM nano-encapsulated drug-conjugate concentration incubated for 72 h resulted in apoptosis of ∼100% of the cellular population. Qualitatively, ∼85% of P80-FITC-FA-PNPs have been found to be internalized by C6 glioma cells post 5 h of incubation. Quantitative cellular uptake assay demonstrated a collinear dependence on drug-conjugate concentration. In vivo administration of P80-Mtx-Tf-FA-PNPs depicted significant decrease, i.e. 73.6% in the tumour spheroid volume. Serum analysis data pointed towards the significant relevance of P80-coated FA-PNPs in lowering the drug diffusion rate by 88.4% (after 30 min) and three-fold enhanced retention time of drug in systemic circulation, thereby felicitating an effective prognostic treatment. This study clearly demonstrated reduced systemic toxicity, enhanced biocompatibility and anti-tumour efficacy of formulated NPs.
Non-Bloch dynamics and topology in a classical non-equilibrium process
Creators: name: Li, Bo
name: Wang, He-Ran
name: Song, Fei
name: Wang, Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-Hermitian skin effect refers to the accumulation of eigenstates near the boundary in open boundary lattice models, which can be systematically characterized using the non-Bloch band theory. Here, we apply the non-Bloch band theory to investigate the stochastic reaction-diffusion process by mapping it to a non-Hermitian Kitaev chain. We exactly obtain the open boundary spectrum and the generalized Brillouin zone, and identify a robust zero mode arising from the non-Bloch topology. Notably, distinct from its Hermitian counterpart in the quantum context, the zero mode supports anomalous dynamical crossover in the Markov process. We quantitatively demonstrate the intriguing dynamical effects through the spectral decomposition of the Hamiltonian on the non-Bloch eigenstates, and confirm our findings by conducting stochastic simulations with high accuracy. Our study highlights the significant and general role of non-Bloch topology in non-equilibrium dynamics.
description: 6+13 pages, 3+2 figures
title: L'enseignement des QSV à l'école obligatoire: concepts théoriques et analyse des discours sur les pratiques
title: L'enseignement des QSV à l'école obligatoire: concepts théoriques et analyse des discours sur les pratiques
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Pezon, Jean-Baptiste
name: Yilmaz, Savas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: Question Socialement Vive
subject: QSV
subject: controverse
subject: postures

description: Réchauffement climatique, mondialisation, immigration, nouvelles technologies, OGM, etc. sont autant de thématiques qui suscitent aujourd’hui de questions socialement vives (QSV) au sein de la société et qui sont aujourd’hui abordées dans les programmes scolaires suisses. En parallèle de l’évolution des apprentissages, les QSV semblent désormais s’intégrer pleinement dans les modalités d’enseignement à l’école obligatoire. Toutefois, qu’entend-on exactement par question socialement vive et comment peut-on les distinguer de simples questions d’actualité ? Quelles « plus-values » le traitement des QSV apporte-t-il dans une perspective enseignante ? Quelles sont ses limites ? Comment les traiter ? Ces questionnements sont largement repris au sein de ce mémoire professionnel, et sont complétés par une analyse des discours sur les pratiques enseignantes à l’école obligatoire. Des entretiens viennent ainsi nourrir la réflexion entamée et mettre en perspective les préconisations de mise en oeuvre que nous en avons retirées.
Strings from 3D gravity: asymptotic dynamics of AdS$_3$ gravity with free boundary conditions
Creators: name: Apolo, Luis
name: Sundborg, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pure three-dimensional gravity in anti-de Sitter space can be formulated as an SL(2,R) $\times $ SL(2,R) Chern-Simons theory, and the latter can be reduced to a WZW theory at the boundary. In this paper we show that AdS$_3$ gravity with free boundary conditions is described by a string at the boundary whose target spacetime is also AdS$_3$. While boundary conditions in the standard construction of Coussaert, Henneaux, and van Driel are enforced through constraints on the WZW currents, we find that free boundary conditions are partially enforced through the string Virasoro constraints.
description: 21 pages; v2: typos corrected, published version
Rising minimum daily flows in northern Eurasian rivers: A growing influence of groundwater in the high-latitude hydrologic cycle
Creators: name: Shiklomanov, A.I.
name: Pavelsky, T.M.
name: Lammers, R.B.
name: MacDonald, G.M.
name: Smith, L.C.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2007

description: A first analysis of new daily discharge data for 111 northern rivers from 1936-1999 and 1958-1989 fmds an overall pattern of increasing minimum daily flows (or "low flows") throughout Russia. These increases are generally more abundant than are increases in mean flow and appear to drive much of the overall rise in mean flow observed here and in previous studies. Minimum flow decreases have also occurred but are less abundant. The minimum flow increases are found in summer as well as winter and in nonpermafrost as well as permafrost terrain. No robust spatial contrasts are found between the European Russia, Ob', Yenisey, and Lena/eastern Siberia sectors. A subset of 12 unusually long discharge records from 1935-2002, concentrated in south central Russia, suggests that recent minimum flow increases since ∼1985 are largely unprecedented in the instrumental record, at least for this small group of stations. If minimum flows are presumed sensitive to groundwater and unsaturated zone inputs to river discharge, then the data suggest a broad-scale mobilization of such water sources in the late 20th century. We speculate that reduced intensity of seasonal ground freezing, together with precipitation increases, might drive much of the well documented but poorly understood increases in river discharge to the Arctic Ocean.
Temporal and spatial variations in maximum river discharge from a new Russian data set
Creators: name: Shiklomanov, A.I.
name: Rawlins, M.A.
name: Lammers, R.B.
name: Pavelsky, T.M.
name: Smith, L.C.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2007

description: Floods cause more damage in Russia than any other natural disaster, and future climate model projections suggest that the frequency and magnitude of extreme hydrological events will increase in Russia with climate change. Here we analyze daily discharge records from a new data set of 139 Russian gauges in the Eurasian Arctic drainage basin with watershed areas from 16.1 to 50,000 km2 for signs of change in maximum river discharge. Several hypotheses about changes in maximum daily discharge and their linking with trends in precipitation over the cold season were tested. For the magnitude of maximum daily discharge we found relatively equal numbers of significant positive and negative trends across the Russian Arctic drainage basin, which draws into question the hypothesis of an increasing risk of extreme floods. We observed a significant shift to earlier spring discharge, which is consistent with documented changes in snowmelt and freeze-thaw dates. Spatial analysis of changes in maximum discharge and cold season precipitation revealed consistency across most of the domain, the exception being the Lena basin. Trends in maximum discharge of the small- to medium-sized rivers were generally consistent with aggregated signals found for the downstream gauges of the six largest Russian rivers. Although we observe regional changes in maximum discharge across the Russian Arctic drainage basin, no evidence of widespread trends in extreme discharge can be assumed from our analysis.
(501506) Frances Hunt
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
MerTK mediates STAT3–KRAS/SRC-signaling axis for glioma stem cell maintenance
Creators: name: Hyojin Eom
name: Kaushik, Neha
name: Yoo, Ki-Chun
name: Jin-Kyoung Shim
name: Munjin Kwon
name: Choi, Mi-Young
name: Taeyoung Yoon
name: Seok-Gu Kang
name: Su-Jae Lee
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Receptor tyrosine kinase Mer (MerTK) has been shown to be highly expressed in Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in comparison to its healthy counterpart and is implicated in brain tumorigenesis. Clarifying the underlying mechanism of MerTK induced invasiveness would result in novel strategies to improve patient’s response to chemotherapeutics. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to examine the functional role of cancer stem sell (CSC) maintenance in MerTK associated invasiveness. In this article, we demonstrate that apart from GBM cells, MerTK is also upregulated in GBM stem-like cells and associated with an increased infiltrative potential of brain tumors in vivo. Silencing of MerTK suppressed the self-renewal of patient-derived GBM stem-like cells. The signaling mechanisms by which MerTK contributes to CSC maintenance have largely been obscure. Molecular analyses revealed that high expression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)- Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SRC axis supports MerTK-induced CSC maintenance in GBM spheroids. Furthermore, a short-hairpin RNA-mediated MerTK knockdown effectively blocked invasiveness and N-cadherin expression in mouse xenografts. Collectively, our results uncover a critical function of MerTK in CSC maintenance. Considering the low basal level of MerTK expression in healthy brain cells, evaluation of MerTK as a therapeutic target should advance the research into better therapeutics for GBM.
OPEUS D3.3 - S2R innovation first periodic assessment
Creators: name: Partner-UROS
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: This report ‘DO3.3 - S2R innovation first periodic assessment’ is the first element of a two-part deliverable series comprising DO3.3 and DO3.4, which together provide the periodic assessment of the technical innovations within OPEUS and Shift2Rail. D03.3 focuses on the investigations done within the first stage of the OPEUS project, then builds upon the reported investigations and technical approaches. The main objective is to introduce and provide a periodic overview and analysis for the investigated innovations within the technical OPEUS work packages (WP4, WP5 and WP6) as well as a presentation of the corresponding energy simulation results. Firstly, the theoretical background of the investigated innovation approaches (esp. energy storage system and driving strategy) is described. Secondly, these approaches are included in the simulation structure of the OPEUS-tool (developed within WP2 “Simulation model and tool development”). Furthermore, the OPEUS-tool is applied to perform the energy simulations with these implemented approaches. To enable a proper assessment of the technical innovations, the arising simulation results are compared to the baseline scenario simulations that are described in deliverable ‘DO3.2 – Baseline simulation results and assessment’. Based on these comparisons the potential of the investigated innovations is discussed. The outcomes of this report are expected to support the WP4 and WP6 in order to provide an opportunity to analyse the investigated techniques as well as to determine the focus for further investigations. Additionally, this report serves as an input for WP7, which has the objective to provide a summary as well as a global vison of energy usage in railway applications.
Intercomparison of four global precipitation data sets and their correlation with increased Eurasian river discharge tot he Arctic Ocean
Creators: name: Smith, L.C.
name: Pavelsky, T.M.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2006

description: Recent increases in Eurasian river discharge to the Arctic Ocean have attracted considerable scientific attention but remain poorly understood. Previous studies have examined fire frequency, permafrost thaw, and dam construction as potential mechanisms. Here we focus on precipitation as a driver, using 198 dam-free Eurasian river basins ranging from 151 to 897,000 km2. Using R-ArcticNet monthly discharge data and four observational and reanalysis precipitation products from the University of Delaware (UDel), University of Washington (UW), NCEP/NCAR (NCEP), and ECMWF (ERA-40), we (1) assess which precipitation data sets best capture spatially realistic patterns as inferred from agreement with river discharge (198 basins; 1958-1989); and (2) determine to what extent observed discharge trends follow Udel precipitation changes (66 basins; 1936-1999). Results from the precipitation intercomparison show for the 74 (of 198) basins displaying statistically significant discharge trends (24 positive, 50 negative; -74% to +89%, mean = -1%), interpolated precipitation products significantly outperform reanalysis data sets, perhaps owing to the fine-scale resolutions examined here. Agreement between discharge and precipitation is 42-86% and 42-97% for UDel and UW, respectively, but approaches zero for NCEP and ERA-40. Comparison of precipitation and discharge trends suggests that precipitation increases play a significant role in observed long-term discharge increases. For the 40 (of 66) basins displaying statistically significant trends in discharge (32 positive, 8 negative; -23% to +50%, mean = +11%), 29 display corresponding trends in precipitation with 35-62% agreement between discharge and precipitation trend. Comparison of discharge trends with basin permafrost properties indicates a possible, but not strong role for permafrost thaw in the observed increases.
(501502) Katherine Mary Maddison
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Targeted delivery of microRNA 146b mimic to hepatocytes by lactosylated PDMAEMA nanoparticles for the treatment of NAFLD
Creators: name: Shuying He
name: Weihong Guo
name: Feihong Deng
name: Kequan Chen
name: Yonghong Jiang
name: Minyu Dong
name: Peng, Liang
name: Xueqing Chen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide, and precision therapeutic will be a benefit for the NAFLD regression. In this study, we observed low microRNA 146 b (miR-146 b) expression in NAFLD mice model induced by methionine–choline-deficient diet (MCD) compared with control group. Furthermore, miR-146b−/− mice induced MCD exhibited severe liver steatosis and hepatitis. A bio-distribution study showed that novel Lactosylated PDMAEMA nanoparticles effectively targeted hepatocytes Lac-PDMAEMA. We coupled miR-146b mimic with Lac-PDMAEMA and then were administrated to NAFLD mice model, which could obviously alleviate the hepatic steatosis. Lac-PDMAEMA effectively delivered miR-146b mimic to hepatocytes with a ∼8-fold upregulation of miR-146b mimic targeting MyD88 and IRAK1, and in turn suppressed the expression of PPARγ. Meanwhile, TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA levels were decreased after administration of Lac-PDMAEMA/miR-146b mimic. So, we made a conclusion that targeted delivering miR-146b mimic to the hepatocytes by, coupling Lac-PDMAEMA nanoparticles could effectively alleviate the hepatic steatosis in NAFLD mice, which maybe bring a new and effective way to intervene and therapy the NAFLD.
(501501) Edmund Hall
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
De-esterified tragacanth-chitosan nano-hydrogel for methotrexate delivery; optimization of the formulation by Taguchi design
Creators: name: Komail Sadrjavadi
name: Shahbazi, Behzad
name: Fattahi, Ali
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The objective of the present study was to prepare and characterized de-esterified tragacanth-chitosan nanoparticles (DET-CS NPs) as a novel carrier for methotrexate, with a view to improve drug efficacy and target ability. The preparation process was optimized using Taguchi design. NPs were characterized for size, zeta potential, morphology, thermal stability, loading efficiency, cytotoxicity and cellular uptake. Taguchi design indicated that the molecular weight of chitosan possessed the most effect on the zeta potential, PDI, and zeta deviation, and the size of nanoparticles was significantly affected by the DET concentration. The size and zeta potential of drug loaded nanoparticles at optimum condition were 322.9 ± 26 nm and 17.3 ± 5.73 mV, and thermal analysis indicated ionic bond between DET and CS in NPs. The loading efficiency was 20.32% ± 2.01, and the sustained release was observed within nine days. The IC50 was 280 µg/mL in HT-29, and the mitochondrial membrane potential in HT-29 was reduced more than that in MCF-7. The uptake of NPs in HT-29 was higher than that in MCF-7, and active endocytosis was the key mechanism of uptake. These phenomena altogether make DET-CS NPs a proper choice for targeted drug delivery to cells containing asialoglycoprotein receptors.
Improved anticancer efficacy of epirubicin by magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles: in vitro and in vivo studies
Creators: name: Legha Ansari
name: Jaafari, Mahmoud Reza
name: Bastami, Tahereh Rohani
name: Bizhan Malaekeh-Nikouei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: The development of magnetic nanoparticles as delivery carriers to magnetically accumulate anticancer drug in cancer tissue has attracted immense interest. In the present study, magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MMSNs) with magnetite core and silica shell were synthesized. The obtained MMSNs were characterized by DLS, XRD, FT-IR, TEM and VSM in order to investigate the nanoparticle characteristics. With the focus on in vivo validation of such magnetic drug delivery systems, we selected epirubicin (EPI) as the drug. The anticancer properties of EPI-loaded MMSNs were evaluated in a C-26 colon carcinoma model. Alongside monitoring of drug in the tissues with animal imaging system, the tissue distribution was also determined quantitavely. The average size of MMSNs determined with TEM images was about 18.68 ± 2.31 nm. The cellular uptake test indicated that geometric mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of cells treated with MMSN + EPI in presence of external magnetic field was increasing 27% compared with free EPI. In addition, treatment with drug-loaded MMSNs with the aid of external magnetic gradient had significantly higher inhibition efficacy towards tumor growth than the free EPI treated mice. The targeted drug delivery through external magnet-attraction using EPI-loaded MMSNs resulted in high tumor cell uptake, which leads to elimination of cancer cells effectively.
(501498) Anna Mildred Elizabeth Hall
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Lithium tantalate electro-optical photonic integrated circuits for high volume manufacturing
Creators: name: Wang, Chengli
name: Li, Zihan
name: Riemensberger, Johann
name: Lihachev, Grigory
name: Churaev, Mikhail
name: Kao, Wil
name: Ji, Xinru
name: Blesin, Terence
name: Davydova, Alisa
name: Chen, Yang
name: Wang, Xi
name: Huang, Kai
name: Ou, Xin
name: Kippenberg, Tobias J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photonic integrated circuits based on Lithium Niobate have demonstrated the vast capabilities afforded by material with a high Pockels coefficient, allowing linear and high-speed modulators operating at CMOS voltage levels for applications ranging from data-center communications and photonic accelerators for AI. However despite major progress, the industrial adoption of this technology is compounded by the high cost per wafer. Here we overcome this challenge and demonstrate a photonic platform that satisfies the dichotomy of allowing scalable manufacturing at low cost, while at the same time exhibiting equal, and superior properties to those of Lithium Niobate. We demonstrate that it is possible to manufacture low loss photonic integrated circuits using Lithium Tantalate, a material that is already commercially adopted for acoustic filters in 5G and 6G. We show that LiTaO3 posses equally attractive optical properties and can be etched with high precision and negligible residues using DUV lithography, diamond like carbon (DLC) as a hard mask and alkaline wet etching. Using this approach we demonstrate microresonators with an intrinsic cavity linewidth of 26.8 MHz, corresponding to a linear loss of 5.6 dB/m and demonstrate a Mach Zehnder modulator with Vpi L = 4.2 V cm half-wave voltage length product. In comparison to Lithium Niobate, the photonic integrated circuits based on LiTaO3 exhibit a much lower birefringence, allowing high-density circuits and broadband operation over all telecommunication bands (O to L band), exhibit higher photorefractive damage threshold, and lower microwave loss tangent. Moreover, we show that the platform supports generation of soliton microcombs in X-Cut LiTaO3 racetrack microresonator with electronically detectable repetition rate, i.e. 30.1 GHz.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Probing chirality fluctuations in molecules by nonlinear optical spectroscopy
Creators: name: Mann, N.
name: Nalbach, P.
name: Mukamel, S.
name: Thorwart, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Symmetry breaking caused by geometric fluctuations can enable processes that are otherwise forbidden. An example is a perylene bisimide dyad whose dipole moments are perpendicular to each other. Förster-type energy transfer is thus forbidden at the equilibrium geometry since the dipolar coupling vanishes. Yet, fluctuations of the geometric arrangement have been shown to induce finite energy transfer that depends on the dipole variance, rather than the mean. We demonstrate an analogous effect associated with chirality symmetry breaking. In its equilibrium geometry this dimer is non chiral. The linear chiral response which depends on the average geometry thus vanishes. However, we show that certain 2D chiral optical signals are finite due to geometric fluctuations. Furthermore, the correlation time of these fluctuations can be experimentally revealed by the waiting time dependence of the 2D signal.
(501497) Boothe L. Browne
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
OPEUS D1.1 - Urban rail system energy requirements in Europe
Creators: name: Partner-UITP
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: This document has been prepared in the framework of the EU co-funded OPEUS-project, which has been executed within Horizon 2020 - the EU Research and Innovation programme (2014-2020). OPEUS addresses topic S2R-OC-CCA-02-2015-Energy usage, generation and saving approaches (call identifier H2020-S2RJU-2015-01) as part of the Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking first open call and stands for “Modelling and strategies for the assessment and OPtimisation of Energy USage aspects of rail innovation”, and is aiming to develop a simulation methodology and accompanying modelling tool to evaluate, improve and optimise the energy consumption of rail systems with a particular focus on in-vehicle innovation. This document describes the investigations into the social, political, economic, environmental and operational requirements related to the energy usage in urban rail systems with in-vehicle focus. The key factors that influence energy consumption are: Social: safety, security, comfort and convenience of urban rail, speed of the journeys, availability of the information about the journeys in real-time, transport accessibility; Political: emphasis on low-emission policy, shifting from private to public transport, and optimisation of energy usage; Economic: operator’s attention on increasing revenue of urban public transport and decreasing total cost of ownership; Environmental: global goals such as limiting the growth of the Earth’s average temperature and decreasing the level of transport emissions and local pollutants in cities; Operational: optimisation of energy usage in duty cycles, energy loss reduction in regenerative braking, introduction and usage of new technologies and materials for optimisation of energy usage. The conclusion part presents the scope of the stakeholders’ requirements influencing energy usage. Thus, outcomes of this document are expected to support the WP07 of the OPEUS project that summarises all the results providing a critique of the energy consumption outlook leading to a global vision of energy in the urban railways.
The GBT 67 -- 93.6 GHz Spectral Line Survey of Orion-KL
Creators: name: Frayer, D. T.
name: Maddalena, Ronald J.
name: Meijer, M.
name: Hough, L.
name: White, S.
name: Norrod, R.
name: Watts, G.
name: Stennes, M.
name: Simon, R.
name: Woody, D.
name: Srikanth, S.
name: Pospieszalski, M.
name: Bryerton, E.
name: Whitehead, M.
name: Ford, P.
name: Mello, M.
name: Bloss, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a 67--93.6 GHz spectral line survey of Orion-KL with the new 4 mm Receiver on the Green Bank Telescope (GBT). The survey reaches unprecedented depths and covers the low-frequency end of the 3 mm atmospheric window which has been relatively unexplored previously. The entire spectral-line survey is published electronically for general use by the astronomical community. The calibration and performance of 4 mm Receiver on the GBT is also summarized.
description: 14 pages, including 4 figures and 4 tables. Accepted for publication in AJ. The supplementary material including the complete calibrated spectrum is available online from AJ upon publication (dfrayer@nrao.edu)
(501372) Violet Gwendoline Faithfull
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Patterned and Functionalized Nanofiber Scaffolds in Three-Dimensional Hydrogel Constructs Enhance Neurite Outgrowth and Directional Control
Creators: name: McMurtrey, Richard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Neural tissue engineering holds incredible potential to restore functional capabilities to damaged neural tissue. It was hypothesized that patterned and functionalized nanofiber scaffolds could control neurite direction and enhance neurite outgrowth. Aligned nanofibers were created according to a mathematical model and were shown to enable significant control over the direction of neurite outgrowth in both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) neuronal cultures. Laminin-functionalized nanofibers in 3D hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels enabled significant alignment of neurites with nanofibers, enabled significant neurite tracking of nanofibers, and significantly increased the distance over which neurites could extend. This work demonstrates the ability to create unique 3D neural tissue constructs using a combined system of hydrogel and nanofiber scaffolding. Importantly, patterned and biofunctionalized nanofiber scaffolds that can control direction and increase length of neurite outgrowth in three-dimensions hold much potential for neural tissue engineering. This approach offers advancements in the development of implantable neural tissue constructs that enable control of neural development and reproduction of neuroanatomical pathways, with the ultimate goal being the achievement of functional neural regeneration.
HuCurl: Human-induced Curriculum Discovery
Creators: name: Elgaar, Mohamed
name: Amiri, Hadi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce the problem of curriculum discovery and describe a curriculum learning framework capable of discovering effective curricula in a curriculum space based on prior knowledge about sample difficulty. Using annotation entropy and loss as measures of difficulty, we show that (i): the top-performing discovered curricula for a given model and dataset are often non-monotonic as opposed to monotonic curricula in existing literature, (ii): the prevailing easy-to-hard or hard-to-easy transition curricula are often at the risk of underperforming, and (iii): the curricula discovered for smaller datasets and models perform well on larger datasets and models respectively. The proposed framework encompasses some of the existing curriculum learning approaches and can discover curricula that outperform them across several NLP tasks.
description: In Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)
A Fusion Approach for Water Area Classification Using Visible, near Infrared and Synthetic Aperture Radar for South Asian Conditions
Creators: name: Hossain, F.
name: Pavelsky, T.M.
name: Eldardiry, H.
name: Ahmad, S.K.
Publisher: name: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Year: 2020

description: Consistent estimation of water surface area from remote sensing remains challenging in regions such as South Asia with vegetation, mountainous topography, and persistent monsoonal cloud cover. High-resolution optical imagery, which is often used for global inundation mapping, is highly impacted by clouds, while synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is not impacted by clouds and is affected by both topographic layover and vegetation. Here, we compare and contrast inundation extent measurements from visible (Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2) and SAR (Sentinel-1) imagery. Each data type (wavelength) has complementary strengths and weaknesses which were gauged separately over selected water bodies in Bangladesh. High-resolution cloud-free PlanetScope imagery at 3-m resolution was used as a reference to check the accuracy of each technique and data type. Next, the optical and radar images were fused for a rule-based water area classification algorithm to derive the optimal decision for the water mask. Results indicate that the fusion approach can improve the overall accuracy by up to 3.8%, 18.2%, and 8.3% during the wet season over using the individual products of Landsat8, Sentinel-1, and Sentinel-2, respectively, at three sites, while providing increased observational frequency. The fusion-derived products resulted in overall accuracy ranging from 85.8% to 98.7% and Kappa coefficient varying from 0.61 to 0.83. The proposed SAR-visible fusion technique has potential for improving satellite-based surface water monitoring and storage changes, especially for smaller water bodies in humid tropical climate of South Asia.
INFLECT-DGNN: Influencer Prediction with Dynamic Graph Neural Networks
Creators: name: Tiukhova, Elena
name: Penaloza, Emiliano
name: Óskarsdóttir, María
name: Baesens, Bart
name: Snoeck, Monique
name: Bravo, Cristián
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Leveraging network information for predictive modeling has become widespread in many domains. Within the realm of referral and targeted marketing, influencer detection stands out as an area that could greatly benefit from the incorporation of dynamic network representation due to the continuous evolution of customer-brand relationships. In this paper, we present INFLECT-DGNN, a new method for profit-driven INFLuencer prEdiCTion with Dynamic Graph Neural Networks that innovatively combines Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) with weighted loss functions, synthetic minority oversampling adapted to graph data, and a carefully crafted rolling-window strategy. We introduce a novel profit-driven framework that supports decision-making based on model predictions. To test the framework, we use a unique corporate dataset with diverse networks, capturing the customer interactions across three cities with different socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Our results show how using RNNs to encode temporal attributes alongside GNNs significantly improves predictive performance, while the profit-driven framework determines the optimal classification threshold for profit maximization. We compare the results of different models to demonstrate the importance of capturing network representation, temporal dependencies, and using a profit-driven evaluation. Our research has significant implications for the fields of referral and targeted marketing, expanding the technical use of deep graph learning within corporate environments.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures
Testing the coupling of dark radiations in light of the Hubble tension
Creators: name: Lu, Zhiyu
name: Imtiaz, Batool
name: Zhang, Dongdong
name: Cai, Yi-Fu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We are studying the effects of Self-Interacting dark radiation (SIdr) on the evolution of the universe. Our main focus is on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and how SIdr could potentially help resolve the Hubble tension. We are looking into different scenarios by mixing SIdr with Free-Streaming dark radiation (FSdr) or not to determine whether SIdr can indeed contribute to solving the Hubble tension. We find that SIdr alone can increase the Hubble constant ($H_0$) to $70.1_{-1.6}^{+1.3}, \text{km/s/Mpc}$ with a value of $N_{\rm eff}=3.27_{-0.31}^{+0.23}$. However, including \lzy{FSdr} disfavors the existence of SIdr $\tilde N_{\rm si}\approx0.37$. Even though the Hubble constant is increased compared to the predicted value, it entails $N_{\rm eff}=3.52\pm0.25$. Finally, we implement the Fisher method for future experiments and a $7.64σ$ measurement of $\tilde N_{\rm si}$ will be obtained when combing data from Planck, AliCPT, and CMB-S4.
description: 29 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables
The Mw 5.1, 9 August 2020, Sparta Earthquake, North Carolina: The First Documented Seismic Surface Rupture in the Eastern United States
Creators: name: Horton, S.P.
name: Wegmann, K.W.
name: Stewart, K.G.
name: Szymanski, E.
name: Thompson, G.W.
name: Merschat, A.J.
name: Scheip, C.M.
name: Cattanach, B.
name: Witt, A.
name: Wooten, R.M.
name: Carter, M.W.
name: Bohnenstiehl, D.R.
name: Figueiredo, P.M.
name: Hill, J.S.
name: Owen, L.A.
name: Douglas, T.
Publisher: name: Geological Society of America
Year: 2022

description: At 8:07 a.m. EDT on 9 Aug. 2020 a Mw 5.1 earthquake located ~3 km south of Sparta, North Carolina, USA, shook much of the eastern United States, producing the first documented surface rupture due to faulting east of the New Madrid seismic zone. The co-seismic surface rupture was identified along a 2-km-long traceable zone of predominantly reverse displacement, with folding and flexure generating a scarp averaging 8–10-cm-high with a maximum observed height of ~25 cm. Widespread deformation south of the main surface rupture includes cm-dm–long and mm-cm–wide fissures. Two trenches excavated across the surface rupture reveal that this earthquake propagated to the surface along a preexisting structure in the shallow bedrock, which had not been previously identified as an active fault. Surface ruptures by faulting are rarely reported for M <6 earthquakes, and hence the Sparta earthquake provides an opportunity to improve seismic hazard knowledge associated with these moderate events. Furthermore, this earthquake occurred in a very low strain rate intraplate setting, where earthquake surface deformation, regardless of magnitude, is sparse in time and rare to observe and characterize.
Is Grad-CAM Explainable in Medical Images?
Creators: name: Suara, Subhashis
name: Jha, Aayush
name: Sinha, Pratik
name: Sekh, Arif Ahmed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Explainable Deep Learning has gained significant attention in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in domains such as medical imaging, where accurate and interpretable machine learning models are crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment planning. Grad-CAM is a baseline that highlights the most critical regions of an image used in a deep learning model's decision-making process, increasing interpretability and trust in the results. It is applied in many computer vision (CV) tasks such as classification and explanation. This study explores the principles of Explainable Deep Learning and its relevance to medical imaging, discusses various explainability techniques and their limitations, and examines medical imaging applications of Grad-CAM. The findings highlight the potential of Explainable Deep Learning and Grad-CAM in improving the accuracy and interpretability of deep learning models in medical imaging. The code is available in (will be available).
Relativistic hydrodynamics from quantum field theory on the basis of the generalized Gibbs ensemble method
Creators: name: Hayata, Tomoya
name: Hidaka, Yoshimasa
name: Hongo, Masaru
name: Noumi, Toshifumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive relativistic hydrodynamics from quantum field theories by assuming that the density operator is given by a local Gibbs distribution at initial time. We decompose the energy-momentum tensor and particle current into nondissipative and dissipative parts, and analyze their time evolution in detail. Performing the path-integral formulation of the local Gibbs distribution, we microscopically derive the generating functional for the nondissipative hydrodynamics.We also construct a basis to study dissipative corrections. In particular, we derive the first-order dissipative hydrodynamic equations without a choice of frame such as the Landau-Lifshitz or Eckart frame.
description: 29 pages, 3 figures (2 figures are added), published version
Emergence of Debye scaling in the density of states of liquids under nanoconfinement
Creators: name: Yu, Yuanxi
name: Jin, Sha
name: Fan, Xue
name: Sarter, Mona
name: Yu, Dehong
name: Hong, Liang
name: Baggioli, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the realm of nanoscience, the dynamic behaviors of liquids at scales beyond the conventional structural relaxation time, $τ$, unfold a fascinating blend of solid-like characteristics, including the propagation of collective shear waves and the emergence of elasticity. However, in classical bulk liquids, where $τ$ is typically of the order of 1 ps or less, this solid-like behavior remains elusive in the low-frequency region of the density of states (DOS). Here, we provide evidence for the emergent solid-like nature of liquids at short distances through inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the low-frequency DOS in liquid water and glycerol confined within graphene oxide membranes. In particular, upon increasing the strength of confinement, we observe a transition from a liquid-like DOS (linear in the frequency $ω$) to a solid-like behavior (Debye law, $\simω^2$) in the range of $1$-$4$ meV. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm these findings and reveal additional solid-like features, including propagating collective shear waves and a reduction in the self-diffusion constant. Finally, we show that the onset of solid-like dynamics is pushed towards low frequency along with the slowing-down of the relaxation processes upon confinement. This nanoconfinement-induced transition, aligning with k-gap theory, underscores the potential of leveraging liquid nanoconfinement in advancing nanoscale science and technology, building more connections between fluid dynamics and materials engineering.
description: v3: matching the published version in ACS Nano