cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Stochastic aspects of crack deflection and crack path prediction in short fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites
Creators: name: Ricoeur, Andreas
name: Lindner, Felix
name: Zarjov, Konstantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 74S60 (Primary) 74R10, 62P30 (Secondary)

description: Owing to the production process, short fiber reinforced composites exhibit a pronounced anisotropy of both elastic properties and crack growth resistance. In particular the latter issue has a major impact on crack deflection and inevitably has to be taken into account for the sake of an accurate prediction of crack paths. The perpendicular axes of transverse isotropy are associated with the fiber orientations, whereupon a crack in transverse direction encounters the largest fracture toughness. While the local mean fiber orientations in polymer matrix composites are determined by the injection molding process, their statistical fluctuations can approximately be described in terms of Gaussian random field models. Furthermore, statistical variations of the volume fraction of fibers and the fiber-matrix adhesion give rise to stochasticity of the local ratio of fracture toughness anisotropy. Influencing factors of prediction regions of crack paths obtained from finite element simulations with an adapted J-integral deflection criterion are investigated, just as stochastic aspects of bifurcation phenomena of crack deflection observed under mode-I loading.
description: 31 pages, 17 figures
Wavefunction-based electrostatic-embedding QM/MM using CFOUR through MiMiC
Creators: name: Kirsch, Till
name: Olsen, Jógvan Magnus Haugaard
name: Bolnykh, Viacheslav
name: Meloni, Simone
name: Ippoliti, Emiliano
name: Rothlisberger, Ursula
name: Cascella, Michele
name: Gauss, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an interface of the wavefunction-based quantum-chemical software CFOUR to the multiscale modeling framework MiMiC. Electrostatic embedding of the quantummechanical (QM) part is achieved by analytic evaluation of one-electron integrals in CFOUR, while the rest of the QM/MM operations are treated according to the previous MiMiC-based QM/MM implementation. Long-range electrostatic interactions are treated by a multipole expansion of the potential from the QM electron density to reduce the computational cost without loss of accuracy. Testing on model water/water systems, we verified that the CFOUR interface to MiMiC is robust, guaranteeing fast convergence of the SCF cycles and optimal conservation of the energy during the integration of the equations of motion. Finally, we verified that the CFOUR interface to MiMiC is compatible with the use of a QM/QM multiple time-step algorithm, which effectively reduces the cost of AIMD or QM/MM-MD simulations using higher level wavefunction-based approaches compared to cheaper density-functional theory based ones. The new wavefunction-based AIMD and QM/MM-MD implementation was tested and validated for a large number of wavefunction approaches, including Hartree-Fock and post-Hartree-Fock methods like Moller-Plesset, coupled cluster, and complete active space self-consistent field.
High-frequency traveling-wave phononic cavity with sub-micron wavelength
Creators: name: Xu, Xin-Biao
name: Wang, Jia-Qi
name: Yang, Yuan-Hao
name: Wang, Weiting
name: Zhang, Yan-Lei
name: Wang, Bao-Zhen
name: Dong, Chun-Hua
name: Sun, Luyan
name: Guo, Guang-Can
name: Zou, Chang-Ling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thin-film gallium nitride (GaN) as a proven piezoelectric material is a promising platform for the phononic integrated circuits, which hold great potential for scalable information processing processors. Here, an unsuspended traveling phononic resonator based on high-acoustic-index-contrast mechanism is realized in GaN-on-Sapphire with a frequency up to 5 GHz, which matches the typical superconducting qubit frequency. A sixfold increment in quality factor was found when temperature decreases from room temperature ($Q=5000$) to $7\,\mathrm{K}$ ($Q=30000$) and thus a frequency-quality factor product of $1.5\times10^{14}$ is obtained. Higher quality factors are available when the fabrication process is further optimized. Our system shows great potential in hybrid quantum devices via circuit quantum acoustodynamics.
Thermodynamics of the spin-half square-kagome lattice antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Richter, Johannes
name: Derzhko, Oleg
name: Schnack, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the last decade, the interest in the spin-$1/2$ Heisenberg antiferromagnet (HAF) on the square-kagome (also called shuriken) lattice has been growing as a model system of quantum magnetism with a quantum paramagnetic ground state, flat-band physics near the saturation field, and quantum scars. Here, we present large-scale numerical investigations of the specific heat $C(T)$, the entropy $S(T)$ as well as the susceptibility $χ(T)$ by means of the finite-temperature Lanczos method for system sizes of $N=18,24,30,36,42,48$, and $N=54$. We find that the specific heat exhibits a low-temperature shoulder below the major maximum which can be attributed to low-lying singlet excitations filling the singlet-triplet gap, which is significantly larger than the singlet-singlet gap. This observation is further supported by the behavior of the entropy $S(T)$, where a change in the curvature is present just at about $T/J=0.2$, the same temperature where the shoulder in $C$ sets in. For the susceptibility the low-lying singlet excitations are irrelevant, and the singlet-triplet gap leads to an exponentially activated low-temperature behavior. The maximum in $χ(T)$ is found at a pretty low temperature $T_{\rm max}/J=0.146$ (for $N=42$) compared to $T_{\rm max}/J=0.935$ for the unfrustrated square-lattice HAF signaling the crucial role of frustration also for the susceptibility. We find a striking similarity of our square-kagome data with the corresponding ones for the kagome HAF down to very low $T$. The magnetization process featuring plateaus and jumps and the field dependence of the specific heat that exhibits characteristic peculiarities attributed to the existence of a flat one-magnon band are as well discussed.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, version as published in Phys. Rev. B
Topology induced first-order phase transitions in lattice quantum gravity
Creators: name: Ambjorn, J.
name: Gizbert-Studnicki, J.
name: Görlich, A.
name: Németh, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) is a lattice formulation of quantum gravity, suitable for Monte-Carlo simulations which have been used to study the phase diagram of the model. It has four phases characterized by different dominant geometries, denoted phase $A$, $B$, $C$ and $C_b$. In this article we analyse the $A-B$ and the $B-C$ {phase} transitions in the case where the topology of space is that of the three-torus. This completes the phase diagram of CDT for such a spatial topology. We observe that the order of a phase transition of spacetime geometries can depend on the topology of spacetime.
Classifying Galaxy Morphologies with Few-Shot Learning
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhirui
name: Zou, Zhiqiang
name: Li, Nan
name: Chen, Yanli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The taxonomy of galaxy morphology is critical in astrophysics as the morphological properties are powerful tracers of galaxy evolution. With the upcoming Large-scale Imaging Surveys, billions of galaxy images challenge astronomers to accomplish the classification task by applying traditional methods or human inspection. Consequently, machine learning, in particular supervised deep learning, has been widely employed to classify galaxy morphologies recently due to its exceptional automation, efficiency, and accuracy. However, supervised deep learning requires extensive training sets, which causes considerable workloads; also, the results are strongly dependent on the characteristics of training sets, which leads to biased outcomes potentially. In this study, we attempt Few-shot Learning to bypass the two issues. Our research adopts the dataset from Galaxy Zoo Challenge Project on Kaggle, and we divide it into five categories according to the corresponding truth table. By classifying the above dataset utilizing few-shot learning based on Siamese Networks and supervised deep learning based on AlexNet, VGG_16, and ResNet_50 trained with different volumes of training sets separately, we find that few-shot learning achieves the highest accuracy in most cases, and the most significant improvement is $21\%$ compared to AlexNet when the training sets contain 1000 images. In addition, to guarantee the accuracy is no less than 90\%, few-shot learning needs $\sim$6300 images for training, while ResNet_50 requires 13000 images. Considering the advantages stated above, foreseeably, few-shot learning is suitable for the taxonomy of galaxy morphology and even for identifying rare astrophysical objects, despite limited training sets consisting of observational data only.
Misaligned Spinning Binary Black Hole Mergers in Hot Magnetized Plasma
Creators: name: Cattorini, Federico
name: Maggioni, Sofia
name: Giacomazzo, Bruno
name: Haardt, Francesco
name: Colpi, Monica
name: Covino, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present general relativistic magneto-hydrodynamical simulations of equal-mass spinning black hole binary mergers embedded in a magnetized gas cloud. We focus on the effect of the spin orientation relative to the orbital angular momentum on the flow dynamics, mass accretion rate and Poynting luminosity. We find that, across the inspiral, the gas accreting onto the individual black holes concentrates into disk-like overdensities, whose angular momenta are oriented towards the spin axes and which persist until merger. We identify quasi-periodic modulations occurring in the mass accretion rate at the level of 1-20%, evolving in parallel with the gravitational wave chirp. The similarity between the accretion rate time-series and the gravitational strain is a consequence of the interplay between strong, dynamical gravitational fields and magnetic fields in the vicinity of the inspiralling black holes. This result suggests that quasi-periodicity in the pre-merger accretion rate of massive binaries is not exclusive of environments in which the black holes are embedded in a circumbinary accretion disk, and could provide an additional useful signature of electromagnetic emission concurrent to low-frequency gravitational wave detection.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Recurrent X-ray flares of the black hole candidate in the globular cluster RZ 2109 in NGC 4472
Creators: name: Tiengo, A.
name: Esposito, P.
name: Toscani, M.
name: Lodato, G.
name: Sedda, M. Arca
name: Motta, S. E.
name: Contato, F.
name: Marelli, M.
name: Salvaterra, R.
name: De Luca, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the systematic analysis of the X-ray observations of the ultra-luminous X-ray source XMMU J122939.7+075333 located in the globular cluster RZ 2109 in the Virgo galaxy NGC 4472. The inclusion of observations and time intervals ignored in previous works and the careful selection of extraction regions and energy bands have allowed us to identify new flaring episodes, in addition to the ones that made it one of the best black hole candidates in globular clusters. Although most observations are too short and sparse to recognize a regular pattern, the spacing of the three most recent X-ray flares is compatible with a ~34 hours recurrence time. If confirmed by future observations, such behavior, together with the soft spectrum of the X-ray flares, would be strikingly similar to the quasi-periodic eruptions recently discovered in galactic nuclei. Following one of the possible interpretations of these systems and of a peculiar class of extra-galactic X-ray transients, we explore the possibility that XMMU J122939.7+075333 might be powered by the partial disruption of a white dwarf by an intermediate mass (M~700 Msun) black hole.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Different Hamiltonians for differential Painlevé equations and their identification using a geometric approach
Creators: name: Dzhamay, Anton
name: Filipuk, Galina
name: Ligȩza, Adam
name: Stokes, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 33D45, 34M55, 34M56, 14E07, 39A13

description: It is well-known that differential Painlevé equations can be written in a Hamiltonian form. However, a coordinate form of such representation is far from unique -- there are many very different Hamiltonians that result in the same differential Painlevé equation. Recognizing a Painlevé equation, for example when it appears in some applied problem, is known as the \emph{Painlevé equivalence problem}, and the question that we consider here is the Hamiltonian form of this problem. Making such identification explicit, on the level of coordinate transformations, can be very helpful for an applied problem, since it gives access to the wealth of known results about Painlevé equations, such as the structure of the symmetry group, special solutions for special values of the parameters, and so on. It can also provide an explicit link between different problems that have the same underlying structure. In this paper we describe a systematic procedure for finding changes of coordinates that trasform different Hamiltonian representations of a Painlevé equation into some chosen canonical form. Our approach is based on Sakai's geometric theory of Painlevé equations. We explain this procedure in detail for the fourth differential ${\text{P}_{\mathrm{IV}}}$ equation, and also give a brief summary of some known examples for ${\text{P}_{\mathrm{V}}}$ and ${\text{P}_{\mathrm{VI}}}$ cases. It is clear that this approach can easily be adapted to other examples as well, so we expect our paper to be a useful reference for some of the realizations of Okamoto spaces of initial conditions for Painlevé equations.
description: 43 pages (major changes from the first version -- added discussion of P-V and PVI cases, also fixed some minor typos)
Pre-trained Gaussian Processes for Bayesian Optimization
Creators: name: Wang, Zi
name: Dahl, George E.
name: Swersky, Kevin
name: Lee, Chansoo
name: Nado, Zachary
name: Gilmer, Justin
name: Snoek, Jasper
name: Ghahramani, Zoubin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Bayesian optimization (BO) has become a popular strategy for global optimization of expensive real-world functions. Contrary to a common expectation that BO is suited to optimizing black-box functions, it actually requires domain knowledge about those functions to deploy BO successfully. Such domain knowledge often manifests in Gaussian process (GP) priors that specify initial beliefs on functions. However, even with expert knowledge, it is non-trivial to quantitatively define a prior. This is especially true for hyperparameter tuning problems on complex machine learning models, where landscapes of tuning objectives are often difficult to comprehend. We seek an alternative practice for setting these functional priors. In particular, we consider the scenario where we have data from similar functions that allow us to pre-train a tighter distribution a priori. We detail what pre-training entails for GPs using a KL divergence based loss function, and propose a new pre-training based BO framework named HyperBO. Theoretically, we show bounded posterior predictions and near-zero regrets for HyperBO without assuming the "ground truth" GP prior is known. To verify our approach in realistic setups, we collect a large multi-task hyperparameter tuning dataset by training tens of thousands of configurations of near-state-of-the-art deep learning models on popular image and text datasets, as well as a protein sequence dataset. Our results show that on average, HyperBO is able to locate good hyperparameters at least 3 times more efficiently than the best competing methods on both our new tuning dataset and existing multi-task BO benchmarks.
Accessing negative Poisson`s ratio of graphene by machine learning interatomic potentials
Creators: name: Wu, Jing
name: Zhou, E
name: Qin, Zhenzhen
name: Zhang, Xiaoliang
name: Qin, Guangzhao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The negative Poisson`s ratio (NPR) is a novel property of materials, which enhances the mechanical feature and creates a wide range of application prospects in lots of fields, such as aerospace, electronics, medicine, etc. Fundamental understanding on the mechanism underlying NPR plays an important role in designing advanced mechanical functional materials. However, with different methods used, the origin of NPR is found different and conflicting with each other, for instance, in the representative graphene. In this study, based on machine learning technique, we constructed a moment tensor potential (MTP) for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of graphene. By analyzing the evolution of key geometries, the increase of bond angle is found to be responsible for the NPR of graphene instead of bond length. The results on the origin of NPR are well consistent with the start-of-art first-principles, which amend the results from MD simulations using classic empirical potentials. Our study facilitates the understanding on the origin of NPR of graphene and paves the way to improve the accuracy of MD simulations being comparable to first-principle calculations. Our study would also promote the applications of machine learning interatomic potentials in multiscale simulations of functional materials. *Author
Leading twist GTMDs at nonzero skewness and Wigner distributions in boost-invariant longitudinal position space
Creators: name: Maji, Tanmay
name: Mondal, Chandan
name: Kang, Daekyoung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the leading twist quark generalized transverse momentum distributions (GTMDs) at nonzero skewness in a light-front quark-diquark model for the nucleon motivated by soft-wall AdS/QCD. The boost-invariant longitudinal coordinate, $σ=\frac{1}{2} b^- P^+$, is identified as the Fourier conjugate of the skewness. The Fourier transform of the GTMDs with respect to the skewness variable $ξ$ can be employed to provide the Wigner distributions in the boost-invariant longitudinal position space $σ$, the coordinate conjugate to light-front time, $τ=t+z/c$. The Wigner distributions in the longitudinal position space exhibit diffraction patterns, which are analogous to the diffractive scattering of a wave in optics.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures
title: From Storytelling to Historia: the Fiction of Graham Swift
Creators: name: Logotheti, Anastasia
Publisher: name: Goldsmiths, University of London
Year: 2002

description: Graham Swift, a major contemporary British novelist, is concerned in his fiction, one short story collection and six novels to date, with narratives of trauma. To each of these seven books the present thesis devotes one chapter of critical analysis. As the title suggests, this dissertation traces the development of themes and techniques related to storytelling, as a recuperative process, and its relationship to Historia, a paradoxical term combining narrative, inquiry and history as a record of events. Swift connects individual lives to a broader canvas by interrelating family stories to events in history, especially the two world wars. Swift's faith in the novel as a genre that can incorporate the complexity of human consciousness as well as the dilemmas haunting people's lives allows him to combine the moral imperatives of nineteenth-century realism with fragmented tales of alienation typical of modernism and the questioning of representation characteristic of contemporary fiction. The complex psychology of Swift's characters is conveyed through non-linear juxtaposition of memories-, narrative techniques that favour polyphony, shifts in style, tone and focus within first-person narratives, - embedded texts, intertextuality and metafictional awareness; symbolic settings; and the reworking of classic plots and mythological motifs. Swift's mostly middle-aged protagonists resort to confession, seeking to accommodate guilt which stems from failure in their roles as sons, fathers and husbands. Childless or estranged from their children, they are unable to reconcile themselves to time and move into the future as long as they remain prisoners of their past. Overwhelmed by memories reconstructed through telling, Swift's narrators are unwilling, hesitant and frequently unreliable storytellers. Seeking through story to encounter, comprehend, even manipulate history, they feel persecuted by sociopolitical and natural forces, accidents and their own choices. In his fiction Swift self-consciously pays homage to tradition, constantly reinforcing his belief in storytelling as a fundamental human instinct and a therapeutic ritual.
Can a binary neutron star merger in the vicinity of a supermassive black hole enable a detection of a post-merger gravitational wave signal?
Creators: name: Vijaykumar, Aditya
name: Kapadia, Shasvath J.
name: Ajith, Parameswaran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The postmerger gravitational-wave (GW) signal of a binary neutron star (BNS) merger is expected to contain valuable information that could shed light on the equation of state (EOS) of NSs, the properties of the matter produced during the merger, as well as the nature of any potential intermediate merger product such as hypermassive or supramassive NSs. However, the postmerger lies in the high frequency regime ($ \gtrsim 1000 $ Hz) where current LIGO-Virgo detectors are insensitive. While proposed detectors such as NEMO, Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope could potentially detect the postmerger for BNSs within $\mathcal{O}(10~\mathrm{Mpc})$, such events are likely to be rare. In this work, we speculate on the possibility of detecting the postmerger from BNSs coalescing in the vicinity of supermassive black holes (SMBH). The redshift produced by the gravitational field of the SMBH, as well as the BNS's proper motion around the SMBH, could effectively "stretch" the postmerger signal into the band of the detectors. We demonstrate, using a phenomenological model, that such BNS coalescences would enable constraints on the peak of the postmerger signal that would otherwise have not been possible, provided the degree of redshifting due to the SMBH can be independently acquired. We further show how such mergers would improve EOS model selection using the postmerger signal. We discuss the mechanisms that might deliver such events, and the limitations of this work.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Functional Connectivity Based Classification of ADHD Using Different Atlases
Creators: name: Salman, Sartaj Ahmed
name: Lian, Zhichao
name: Saleem, Marva
name: Zhang, Yuduo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: These days, computational diagnosis strategies of neuropsychiatric disorders are gaining attention day by day. It's critical to determine the brain's functional connectivity based on Functional-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging(fMRI) to diagnose the disorder. It's known as a chronic disease, and millions of children amass the symptoms of this disease, so there is much vacuum for the researcher to formulate a model to improve the accuracy to diagnose ADHD accurately. In this paper, we consider the functional connectivity of a brain extracted using various time templates/Atlases. Local-Binary Encoding-Method (LBEM) algorithm is utilized for feature extraction, while Hierarchical- Extreme-Learning-Machine (HELM) is used to classify the extracted features. To validate our approach, fMRI data of 143 normal and 100 ADHD affected children is used for experimental purpose. Our experimental results are based on comparing various Atlases given as CC400, CC200, and AAL. Our model achieves high performance with CC400 as compared to other Atlases
Antioxidant Property of Coffee Components: Assessment of Methods that Define Mechanisms of Action
Creators: name: Liang, Ningjian
name: Kitts, David D.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2019

description: Coffee is a rich source of dietary antioxidants, and this property, coupled with the fact that coffee is one of the world’s most popular beverages, has led to the understanding that coffee is a major contributor to dietary antioxidant intake. Brewed coffee is a complex food matrix with numerous phytochemical components that have antioxidant activity capable of scavenging free radicals, donating hydrogen and electrons, providing reducing activity and also acting as metal ion pro-oxidant chelators. More recent studies have shown that coffee components can trigger tissue antioxidant gene expression and protect against gastrointestinal oxidative stress. This paper will describe different in vitro, cell-free and cell-based assays that both characterize and compare the antioxidant capacity and mechanism of action of coffee and its bioactive constituents. Moreover, evidence of cellular antioxidant activity and correlated specific genomic events induced by coffee components, which are relevant to antioxidant function in both animal and human studies, will be discussed.
A polynomial resultant approach to algebraic constructions of extremal graphs
Creators: name: Zhang, Tao
name: Xu, Zixiang
name: Ge, Gennian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C35, 05C65

description: The Turán problem asks for the largest number of edges ex$(n,H)$ in an $n$-vertex graph not containing a fixed forbidden subgraph $H$, which is one of the most important problems in extremal graph theory. However the order of magnitude of ex$(n,H)$ for bipartite graphs is known only in a handful of cases. In particular, giving explicit constructions of extremal graphs is very challenging in this field. In this paper, we develop a polynomail resultant approach to algebraic construction of explicit extremal graphs, which can efficiently decide whether a specified structure exists. A key insight in our approach is the multipolynomial resultant, which is a fundamental tool of computational algebraic geometry. Our main results include the matched lowers bounds for Turán number of $1$-subdivision of $K_{3,t_{1}}$ and linear Turán number of Berge theta hyerpgraph $Θ_{3,t_{2}}^{B}$ with $t_{1}=25$ and $t_{2}=217$. Moreover, the constant $t_{1}$ improves the random algebraic construction of Bukh and Conlon~[Rational exponents in extremal graph theory, J. Eur. Math. Soc. 20 (2018), 1747-1757] and makes progress on the known estimation for the smallest value of $t_{1}$ concerning a problem posed by Conlon, Janzer and Lee ~[More on the extremal number of subdivisions, Combinatorica, to appear], while the constant $t_{2}$ improves a result of He and Tait~[Hypergraphs with few berge paths of fixed length between vertices, SIAM J. Discrete Math., 33(3), 1472-1481].
description: 46 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2002.06795, arXiv:1908.01459
SMART-Plant_IWARR2019_Mainstream SCEPPHAR configuration for integrating P and PHA recovery in the water line of WWTPs
Creators: name: Larriba, Oriol
name: Solís, Borja
name: Zivko Juznic-Zonta
name: Guisasola, Albert
name: Baeza, Juan A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: SCEPPHAR
mainstream
nutrient recovery
struvite
PHA
EBPR

description: Abstract: This work presents a novel pilot-scale configuration, mainstream SCHEPPAR (Short-Cut Enhanced Phosphorus and PolyHydroxyAlkanoate Recovery), within the framework of resource recovery. This configuration is designed to: i) efficiently remove C, N and P, ii) recover up to 50% of incoming phosphorus in struvite form, iii) reduce aeration requirements up to 25%, and iv) recover about 9% of influent organic matter as PHA.
Finite electrodynamics from T-duality
Creators: name: Gaete, Patricio
name: Nicolini, Piero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present the repercussions of Padmanabhan's propagator in electrodynamics. This corresponds to implement T-duality effects in a U(1) gauge theory. By formulating a nonlocal action consistent with the above hypothesis, we derive the profile of static potentials between electric charges via a path integral approach. Interestingly, the Coulomb potential results regularized by a length scale proportional to the parameter $(α^\prime)^{1/2}$. Accordingly, fields are vanishing at the origin. We also discuss an array of experimental testbeds to expose the above results. It is interesting to observe that T-duality generates an effect of dimensional fractalization, that resembles similar phenomena in fractional electromagnetism. Finally, our results have also been derived with a gauge-invariant method, as a necessary check of consistency for any non-Maxwellian theory.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure; v2: expanded discussion, version published on Phys. Lett. B
Ionization of heavy elements and the adiabatic exponent in the solar plasma
Creators: name: Baturin, V. A.
name: Oreshina, A. V.
name: Däppen, W.
name: Ayukov, S. V.
name: Gorshkov, A. B.
name: Gryaznov, V. K.
name: Iosilevskiy, I. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The adiabatic exponent $Γ_1$ is studied as a thermodynamic quantity in the partially ionized plasma of the solar convection zone. Aims. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of heavy elements on the $Γ_1$ profile. We calculated $Γ_1$ with the SAHA-S equation of state for different chemical compositions of plasma, and we analyzed contributions of individual elements to $Γ_1$. Methods. We studied the decrease in $Γ_1$ due to the ionization of heavy elements in comparison with the value obtained for a pure hydrogen-helium plasma. These types of differences are denoted as "Z contributions", and we analyzed them for eight elements (C, N, O, Ne, Mg, S, Si, and Fe) as well as for a mixture of elements corresponding to the solar chemical composition. We compared linear combinations of individual Z contributions with the exact Z contribution. Applying a least-squares technique to the decomposition of the full Z contribution to a basis of individual-element contributions, we obtained the mass fractions of the heavy elements. Results. The Z contribution of heavy elements can be described by a linear combination of individual-element Z contributions with a high level of accuracy of 5e-6 . The inverse problem of estimating the mass fractions of heavy elements from a given $Γ_1$ profile was considered for the example of solar-type mixtures. In ideal numerical simulations, the mass fractions of the most abundant elements could be determined with a relative accuracy better than a few tenths of a percent. In the presence of random or systematic errors in the $Γ_1$ profile, abundance estimations become remarkably less accurate. If the amplitude of the errors does not exceed 1e-4, we can expect a determination of at least the oxygen abundance with a relative error of about 10%.
description: Accepted for publication in 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'
Community Engagement for Big Epidemiology: Deliberative Democracy as a Tool
Creators: name: McWhirter, Rebekah E.
name: Critchley, Christine R.
name: Nicol, Dianne
name: Chalmers, Don
name: Whitton, Tess
name: Otlowski, Margaret
name: Burgess, Michael M.
name: Dickinson, Joanne L.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2019

description: Public trust is critical in any project requiring significant public support, both in monetary terms and to encourage participation. The research community has widely recognized the centrality of public trust, garnered through community consultation, to the success of large-scale epidemiology. This paper examines the potential utility of the deliberative democracy methodology within the public health research setting. A deliberative democracy event was undertaken in Tasmania, Australia, as part of a wider program of community consultation regarding the potential development of a Tasmanian Biobank. Twenty-five Tasmanians of diverse backgrounds participated in two weekends of deliberation; involving elements of information gathering; discussion; identification of issues and formation of group resolutions. Participants demonstrated strong support for a Tasmanian Biobank and their deliberations resulted in specific proposals in relation to consent; privacy; return of results; governance; funding; and, commercialization and benefit sharing. They exhibited a high degree of satisfaction with the event, and confidence in the outcomes. Deliberative democracy methodology is a useful tool for community engagement that addresses some of the limitations of traditional consultation methods.
Non-invasive chemically selective energy delivery and focusing inside a scattering medium guided by Raman scattering
Creators: name: Tian, Bingxin
name: Rauer, Bernhard
name: Boniface, Antoine
name: Han, Jun
name: Gigan, Sylvain
name: de Aguiar, Hilton B.
name: de Aguiar, Hilton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Raman scattering is a chemically selective probing mechanism with diverse applications in industry and clinical settings. Yet, most samples are optically opaque limiting the applicability of Raman probing at depth. Here, we demonstrate chemically selective energy deposition behind a scattering medium by combining prior information on the chemical's spectrum with the measurement of a spectrally resolved Raman speckle as a feedback mechanism for wavefront shaping. We demonstrate unprecedented six-fold signal enhancement in an epi-geometry, realizing targeted energy deposition and focusing on selected Raman active particles.
Ground state energy of a Bose gas in the Gross-Pitaevskii regime
Creators: name: Basti, Giulia
name: Cenatiempo, Serena
name: Olgiati, Alessandro
name: Pasqualetti, Giulio
name: Schlein, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review some rigorous estimates for the ground state energy of dilute Bose gases. We start with Dyson's upper bound, which provides the correct leading order asymptotics for hard spheres. Afterwards, we discuss a rigorous version of Bogoliubov theory, which recently led to an estimate for the ground state energy in the Gross-Pitaevskii regime, valid up to second order, for particles interacting through integrable potentials. Finally, we explain how these ideas can be combined to establish a new upper bound, valid to second order, for the energy of hard spheres in the Gross-Pitaeavskii limit. Here we only sketch the main ideas, details will appear elsewhere.
description: Postprint version. To appear in JMP
Wilson Cowan oscillators: modelling brain network activity
Creators: name: Kurtin, Danielle
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2020

description: This presentation defines and explains Wilson Cowan Oscillators as mean-field models of brain activity. Then, we discuss implementing Wilson Cowan models of functional brain activity into models of neural network dynamics. These models are used to characterize and predict the effects of noninvasive brain stimulation on neural networks, or neural network dynamics.
Note: Please download the slides as a PowerPoint to see the "Notes", as they contain the content that accompany the slides
Visualising the complexity of nursing in a humanitarian setting using an app
Creators: name: Gilday, Josie
name: Treacy-Wong, Vicky
name: Uddin, Mohammed Helal
name: Aben, Nanne
name: James, Emyr
name: Shamsun  Naher Lucky
name: Galban-Horcajo, Francesc
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2020

description: Visualising the complexity of nursing in a humanitarian setting using an app presented at MSF Scientific Days International (London) Innovation Day, May 14, 2020 by Francesc Galban-Horcajo
Observation of Geometric Heat Pump Effect in Periodic Driven Thermal Diffusion
Creators: name: Wang, Zi
name: Chen, Jiangzhi
name: Liu, Zhe
name: Ren, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of geometry works as an overarching framework underlying a wide range of transport phenomena. Particularly, the geometric phase effect in classical and quantum heat pump has been attracting much attention in microscopic systems. Here, we formulate theoretically the geometric heat pump effect in macroscopic driven diffusive systems. Upon modulation protocols, the nontrivial geometric curvature in the parameter space universally induces an additional pumped heat, beyond the constraint of hot-to-cold flowing. Furthermore, we set up a minimum experiment and indeed observe a non-vanishing directional heat flow across the driven system, despite keeping zero thermal bias between two time-dependent thermal reservoirs at every instant. We verify that in analogy to the geometric phase effect, the geometric pumped heat during each driving cycle is independent of driving periods in the adiabatic limit and coincides with theoretical predictions, thus validating its geometric origin. These results about geometric heat pump effect could have potential implications for designing and implementing nonreciprocal and topological thermal meta-devices under spatiotemporal modulations.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Reviewing and explaining the use of Kuramoto oscillators in models of deep brain stimulation
Creators: name: Kurtin, Danielle
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2020

description: This presentation defines and explains Kuramoto Oscillators as mean-field models of brain activity. Then, we discuss implementing Kuramoto models of functional brain activity into models of the effects of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). These models are used to characterize and predict the effects of DBS on experimental data.
Note: Please download the slides as a PowerPoint to see the "Notes", as they contain the content that accompany the slides
The detailed chemical abundance patterns of accreted halo stars from the optical to infrared
Creators: name: Carrillo, Andreia
name: Hawkins, Keith
name: Jofré, Paula
name: Silva, Danielle de Brito
name: Das, Payel
name: Lucey, Madeline
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the assembly of our Galaxy requires us to also characterize the systems that helped build it. In this work, we accomplish this by exploring the chemistry of accreted halo stars from the Gaia-Enceladus/Gaia-Sausage (GES) selected in the infrared from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) Data Release 16. We use high resolution optical spectra for 62 GES stars to measure abundances in 20 elements spanning the $α$, Fe-peak, light, odd-Z, and notably, the neutron-capture groups of elements to understand their trends in the context of and in contrast to the Milky Way and other stellar populations. Using these derived abundances we find that the optical and the infrared abundances agree to within 0.15 dex except for O, Co, Na, Cu, and Ce. These stars have enhanced neutron-capture abundance trends compared to the Milky Way, and their [Eu/Mg] and neutron-capture abundance ratios (e.g., [Y/Eu], [Ba/Eu], [Zr/Ba], [La/Ba], and [Nd/Ba]) point to r-process enhancement and a delay in s-process enrichment. Their [$α$/Fe] trend is lower than the Milky Way trend for [Fe/H]$>$-1.5 dex, similar to previous studies of GES stars and consistent with the picture that these stars formed in a system with a lower rate of star formation. This is further supported by their depleted abundances in Ni, Na, and Cu abundances, again, similar to previous studies of low-$α$ stars with accreted origins.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 25 pages, 14 figures, and 7 tables. Includes appendix A on line selection and B on NLTE corrections. Table of abundances will be available online but can be obtained through emailing the primary author
Dynamical Systems on Graph Limits and Their Symmetries
Creators: name: Bick, Christian
name: Sclosa, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37C81, 05C99 (Primary) 37G40 28D15 34C15 (Secondary)

description: The collective dynamics of interacting dynamical units on a network crucially depends on the properties of the network structure. Rather than considering large but finite graphs to capture the network, one often resorts to graph limits and the dynamics thereon. We elucidate the symmetry properties of dynamical systems on graph limits -- including graphons and graphops -- and analyze how the symmetry shape the dynamics, for example through invariant subspaces. In addition to traditional symmetries, dynamics on graph limits can support generalized noninvertible symmetries. Moreover, as asymmetric networks can have symmetric limits, we note that one can expect to see ghosts of symmetries in the dynamics of large asymmetric networks.
description: 35 pages, 8 figures. This paper substitutes "Mean-field Limits of Phase Oscillator Networks and Their Symmetries". The most recent update fixes typos and adds references
Brane world creation from flat or almost flat space in dynamical tension string theories
Creators: name: Guendelman, E. I.
name: Portnoy, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is great interest in the construction of brane worlds, where matter and gravity are forced to be effective only in a lower dimensional surface , the brane . How these could appear as a consequence of string theory is a crucial question and this has been widely discussed. Here we will examine a distinct scenario that appears in dynamical tension theories and where string tension is positive between two surfaces separated by a short distance and at the two surfaces themselves the string tensions become infinite, therefore producing an effective confinement of the strings and therefore of all matter and gravity to the space between these to surfaces, which is in fact a new type of stringy brane world scenario. The basic formulation for obtaining this scenario consist of assuming two types of strings characterized by a different constant of integration related to the spontaneous string tension generation. These string tension multiplied by the embedding metric define conformally related metrics that both satisfy Einsteins equation. The braneworlds appear very naturally when these two metrics are both flat spaces related by a special conformal transformation. The two types of string tensions are determined and they blow up at two close expanding surfaces. A puzzling aspect appears then: the construction is based on flat spaces, but then there are also strings with very large tension near the boundaries of the braneworld,so can the back reaction from the infinite tension strings destroy the flat space background?. Fortunatelly that can be resolved using the mechanism Universe creation from almost flat (or empty) spaces, which incorporates a gas of very large string tensions in a membrane, studied before in 1+1 membranes in a 2+1 embedding space and now is generalized for a 1+(D-2) membrane moving in a 1+(D-1) space.
description: Motivated on our previous paper, arXiv:2107.08005 [hep-th], we study a gravity picture that allows to understand those results from a different angle, 1O pages, typos corrected, a subsection eliminated. This is the final version of the paper which has been accepted for publication in the European Physics Journal C. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2105.02279
Enhanced collagen type I synthesis by human tenocytes subjected to periodic in vitro mechanical stimulation
Creators: name: Huisman, Elise
name: Lu, Alex
name: McCormack, Robert G.
name: Scott, Alexander
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Background: Mechanical stimulation (e.g. slow heavy loading) has proven beneficial in the rehabilitation of chronic tendinopathy, however the optimal parameters of stimulation have not been experimentally determined. In this study of mechanically stimulated human tenocytes, the influence of rest insertion and cycle number on (1) the protein and mRNA levels of type I and III collagen; (2) the mRNA levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGFB1) and scleraxis (SCXA); and (3) tenocyte morphology, were assessed. Methods: Human hamstring tenocytes were mechanically stimulated using a Flexcell® system. The stimulation regimens were 1) continuous and 2) rest-inserted cyclic equiaxial strain at a frequency of 0.1 Hz for 100 or 1000 cycles. Data were normalized to unstimulated (non-stretched) control groups for every experimental condition. qPCR was performed to determine relative mRNA levels and quantitative immunocytochemistry image analysis was used to assess protein levels and cell morphology. Results: Collagen type I mRNA level and pro-collagen protein levels were higher in tenocytes that were subjected to rest-inserted mechanical stimulation, compared to continuous stretching (p < 0.05). Rest insertion and increased cycle number also had significant positive effects on the levels of mRNA for TGFB1 and SCXA (p < 0.05). There was no direct relation between cell morphology and gene expression, however mechanical stimulation, overall, induced a metabolically active tenocyte phenotype as evidenced by cells that on average demonstrated a decreased major-minor axis ratio (p < 0.05) with greater branching (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The incorporation of rest periods in a mechanical stretching regimen results in greater collagen type I synthesis. This knowledge may be beneficial in refining rehabilitation protocols for tendon injury.