cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Identified charged antiparticle to particle ratios near midrapidity in Cu+Cu collisions at sqrt(s) = 62.4 and 200 GeV
Creators: name: Alver, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Antiparticle to particle ratios for identified protons, kaons and pions at sqrt(s) = 62.4 and 200 GeV in Cu+Cu collisions are presented as a function of centrality for the midrapidity region of 0.2 < eta < 1.4. No strong dependence on centrality is observed. For the / ratio at ~ 0.51 GeV/c, we observe an average value of 0.50 +/- 0.003_(stat) +/- 0.04_(syst) and 0.77 +/- 0.008_(stat) +/- 0.05_(syst) for the 10% most central collisions of 62.4 and 200 GeV Cu+Cu, respectively. The values for all three particle species measured at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV are in agreement within systematic uncertainties with that seen in both heavier and lighter systems measured at the same RHIC energy. This indicates that system size does not appear to play a strong role in determining the midrapidity chemical freeze-out properties affecting the antiparticle to particle ratios of the three most abundant particle species produced in these collisions.
description: 5 Pages, 4 figures Made changes to the figures to include the panel numbers. Slight changes to the text. Updated data points from other experiments
The incremental informativeness of Canadian GAAP in the presence of US GAAP
Creators: name: McDorman, Lawrence Derek
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study examines the incremental information of Canadian accounting principles when financial information according to US GAAP is known. The impact of SEC-required reconciliations of net income and voluntary disclosures of shareholders' equity reconciliations on share returns and prices are analysed. Based on such analysis, inferences are made about the incremental informativeness of Canadian GAAP. This study follows the concurrent study by Richardson et al. that examines the question of incremental informativeness of Canadian GAAP given the benchmark information provided by US GAAP. This study offers three contributions to this literature. First, it examines the components of reconciliation data and assesses their impact on share returns and prices. Second, it analyzes the effect of exchange rate flucuations on the relationship between reconciliation data and share returns. Third, it analyzes the impact of the dominant trading market on the relationship between reconciliation data and share returns. Unlike Richardson et al., the results of this study suggest that Canadian GAAP offers very limited incremental information when US GAAP financial information is known for Canadian firms that crosslist on the Toronto Stock Exchange and on a US exchange. Convergence of Canadian and US GAAP during the 1993-94 sample period used in this study may partially explain why its results are differenct from the 1983-93 sample period used by Richardson et al. Some components of the reconciliation data were statisticly significant in explaining crosslisted firms' returns (prices). However, exchange rate flucuations, location of dominant market and reporting currenies were not statistically significant in explaining crosslisted firms' returns (prices).
title: Regional Market-Based Climate Policy in North America: Efficient, Effective, Fair?
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Rudolph, Sven
name: Kawakatsu, Takeshi
name: Lerch, Achim
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: Carbon Tax
Emissions Trading
California, British Columbia
Canada
Economics
Wirtschaft
USA
Climate Policy Instruments

description: Despite President Obama’s current interest in climate policy, market-based climate policy on the US federal level still appears to be deadlocked. The same is true for Canada, which has aligned its climate policy to the US. However, regional activities are more promising as British Columbia and California have started using market-based approaches recently. Against this background, the paper asks: Can state level market-based climate policy be a sustainable alternative or supplement to federal action? Which of the two programs does better in terms of fulfilling ambitious sustainability criteria? How can the programs be improved? In order to answer these questions, in a comparative fashion, the paper analyzes the design and the results of the British Columbia Carbon Tax and the California Cap-and- Trade Program and evaluates them based on sustainability criteria. By doing so, the paper provides a comparative evaluation of two North American sub-national level market-based climate policy programs, shows the significance and the challenges of such regional initiatives, identifies best-practice design elements, and provides recommendations for regional market-based climate policy design.
A Time Dependent Leptonic Model for Microquasar Jets: Application to LSI 61 303
Creators: name: Gupta, Swati
name: Boettcher, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Galactic high-mass X-ray binary and jet source (microquasar) LSI +61 303 has recently been detected at TeV gamma-ray energies by the MAGIC telescope. We have applied a time-dependent leptonic jet model to the broadband spectral energy distribution and suggested (though not unambiguously detected) orbital modulation of the very high energy gamma-ray emission of this source. Our model takes into account time dependent electron injection and acceleration, and the adiabatic and radiative cooling of non-thermal electrons. It includes synchrotron, synchrotron self-Compton and external inverse Compton (with seed photons from the companion star), as well as gamma-gamma absorption of gamma-rays by starlight photons. The model can successfully reproduce the available multiwavelength observational data. Our best fit to the SED indicates that a magnetic field of B_0 ~ 5 X 10^3 G at ~ 10^3 R_g is required, and electrons need to be accelerated out to TeV energies (gamma_2 = 10^6) with a nonthermal injection spectrum with a spectral index of q = 1.7, indicating the operation of acceleration mechanisms beyond the standard first-order Fermi mechanism at relativistic or non-relativistic shocks. The orbital modulation of the VHE gamma-ray emission can be explained solely by the geometrical effect of changes in the relative orientation of the stellar companion with respect to the compact object and jet as it impacts the position and depth of the gamma-gamma absorption trough. Such a scenario predicts a trend of spectral hardening during VHE gamma-ray low orbital phases.
description: accepted for publication in ApJ Letters; 11 ms pages, including 2 figures and 1 table
Ultra-high energy cosmic rays deflection by the Intergalactic Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Garcia, Andres Aramburo
name: Bondarenko, Kyrylo
name: Boyarsky, Alexey
name: Nelson, Dylan
name: Pillepich, Annalisa
name: Sokolenko, Anastasia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin and composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) remain a mystery. The common lore is that UHECRs are deflected from their primary directions by the Galactic and extragalactic magnetic fields. Here we describe an extragalactic contribution to the deflection of UHECRs that does not depend on the strength and orientation of the initial seed field. Using the IllustrisTNG simulations, we show that outflow-driven magnetic bubbles created by feedback processes during galaxy formation deflect approximately half of all $10^{20}$ eV protons by $1^{\circ}$ or more, and up to $20$-$30^{\circ}$. This implies that the deflection in the intergalactic medium must be taken into account in order to identify the sources of UHECRs.
title: The Cohort Size-Wage Relationship in Europe
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Moffat, John
name: Roth, Duncan
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: instrumental variables
EU-SILC
wages
Economics
Wirtschaft
Cohort size
causal effect

description: The demographic and education composition of European countries is changing: the population share of young individuals is declining while that of the highly educated is rising. This paper estimates the impact of cohort size on wages using data on 21 European countries covering 2007-2010 to cast light on the economic consequences of changes in the profile of the labour force. The effect of cohort size on wages is identified through an instrumental variables strategy which, in contrast to previous analyses of European data, addresses self-selection into geographical areas as well as into educational groups. The results support the hypothesis that cohort size has a negative effect on male wages, particularly for the highly educated. However, these negative cohort size effects are not persistent.
First Observations on Prefab Posets Whitney Numbers
Creators: name: Kwaśniewski, A. Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 05C20 - 11C08 - 06A07

description: We introduce a natural partial order in structurally natural finite subsets of the cobweb prefabs sets recently constructed by the present author. Whitney numbers of the second kind of the corresponding subposet which constitute Stirling like numbers triangular array are then calculated and the explicit formula for them is provided. Next, in the second construction we endow the set sums of prefabiants with such an another partial order that their Bell like numbers include Fibonacci triad sequences introduced recently by the present author in order to extend famous relation between binomial Newton coefficients and Fibonacci numbers onto the infinity of their relatives among whom there are also the Fibonacci triad sequences and binomial like coefficients (incidence coefficients included). The first partial order is F sequence independent while the second partial order is F sequence dependent where F is the so called admissible sequence determining cobweb poset by construction. An F determined cobweb posets Hasse diagram becomes Fibonacci tree sheathed with specific cobweb if the sequence F is chosen to be just the Fibonacci sequence. From the stand-point of linear algebra of formal series these are generating functions which stay for the so called extended coherent states of quantum physics. This information is delivered in the last section.
description: 14 pages
The Physics of Liquid Para-Hydrogen
Creators: name: Lindenau, Thomas
name: Ristig, Manfred L.
name: Gernoth, Klaus A.
name: Dawidowski, Javier
name: Bermejo, Francisco J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Macroscopic systems of hydrogen molecules exhibit a rich thermodynamic phase behavior. Due to the simplicity of the molecular constituents a detailed exploration of the thermal properties of these boson systems at low temperatures is of fundamental interest. Here,we report theoretical and experimental results on various spatial correlation functions and corresponding distributions in momentum space of liquid para-hydrogen close to the triple point. They characterize the structure of the correlated liquid and provide information on quantum effects present in this Bose fluid. Numerical calculations employ Correlated Density-Matrix(CDM)theory and Path-Integral Monte-Carlo(PIMC)simulations. A comparison of these theoretical results demonstrates the accuracy of CDM theory. This algorithm therefore permits a fast and efficient quantitative analysis of the normal phase of liquid para-hydrogen.We compare and discuss the theoretical results with available experimental data.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
A 14-gene B-cell immune signature in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC): a pooled analysis of seven studies
Creators: name: Schettini, Francesco
name: Garcia-Fructuoso, Isabel
name: Sanfeliu, Esther
name: Losada, Maria J. Vidal
name: Paré, Laia
name: Chic, Núria
name: Hernández, Adela Rodríguez
name: Perou, Charles M.
name: Parker, Joel S.
name: Angelats, Laura
name: Marín-Aguilera, Mercedes
name: Villagrasa, Patricia
name: Seguí, Elia
name: Lorman-Carbó, Natàlia
name: Conte, Benedetta
name: Vivancos, Ana
name: Pascual, Tomás
name: Prat, Aleix
name: Martínez-Sáez, Olga
name: Villacampa, Guillermo
name: Gómez-Bravo, Raquel
name: Adamo, Barbara
name: Brasó-Maristany, Fara
name: Falato, Claudette
name: Fratini, Beatrice
name: Staaf, Johan
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: BACKGROUND: Early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) displays clinical and biological diversity. From a biological standpoint, immune infiltration plays a crucial role in TNBC prognosis. Currently, there is a lack of genomic tools aiding in treatment decisions for TNBC. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a B-cell/immunoglobulin signature (IGG) alone, or in combination with tumor burden, in predicting prognosis and treatment response in patients with TNBC.
METHODS: Genomic and clinical data were retrieved from 7 cohorts: SCAN-B (N = 874), BrighTNess (n = 482), CALGB-40603 (n = 389), METABRIC (n = 267), TCGA (n = 118), GSE58812 (n = 107), GSE21653 (n = 67). IGG and a risk score integrating IGG with tumor/nodal staging (IGG-Clin) were assessed for event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) in each cohort. Random effects model was used to derive pooled effect sizes. Association of IGG with pathological complete response (pCR) was assessed in CALGB-40603 and BrighTNess. Immune significance of IGG was estimated through CIBERSORTx and EcoTyper.
FINDINGS: IGG was associated with improved EFS (pooled HR = 0.77, [95% CI = 0.70-0.85], I2 = 18%) and OS (pooled HR = 0.79, [0.73-0.85], I2 = 0%) across cohorts, and was predictive of pCR in CALGB-40603 (OR 1.25, [1.10-1.50]) and BrighTNess (OR 1.57 [1.25-1.98]). IGG-Clin was predictive of recurrence (pooled HR = 2.11, [1.75-2.55], I2 = 0%) and death (pooled HR = 1.99, 95% [0.84-4.73], I2 = 79%) across cohorts. IGG was associated with adaptive immune response at CIBERSORTx and EcoTyper analysis.
INTERPRETATION: IGG is linked to improved prognosis and pCR in early-stage TNBC. The integration of IGG alongside tumor and nodal staging holds promise as an approach to identify patients benefitting from intensified or de-intensified treatments.
FUNDING: This study received funding from: Associació Beca Marta Santamaria, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions programs, Fundación FERO, Fundación CRIS contra el cáncer, Agència de Gestó d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fundación Contigo, Asociación Cáncer de Mama Metastásico IV, Breast Cancer Research Foundation, RESCUER, Fundación científica AECC and FSEOM.
title: The German Public and its Trust in the ECB: The Role of Knowledge and Information Search
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Hayo, Bernd
name: Neuenkirch, Edith
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: Institutional trust
Economic knowledge
German public attitudes
Economics
Wirtschaft
ECB

description: In this paper, we analyse the effects of objective and subjective knowledge about mone-tary policy, as well as the information search patterns, of German citizens on trust in the ECB. We rely on a unique representative public opinion survey of German households conducted in 2011. We find that subjective and factual knowledge, as well as the desire to be informed, about the ECB foster citizens’ trust. Specific knowledge about the ECB is more influential than general monetary policy knowledge. Objective knowledge is more important than subjective knowledge. However, an increasing intensity of media usage, especially newspaper reading, has a significantly negative influence on trust. We con-clude that the only viable way for the ECB to generate more trust in itself is to spread monetary policy knowledge.
title: The Great Moderation: Inventories, Shocks or Monetary Policy?
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Förster, Marcel
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: Inventories
Bayesian Estimation
DSGE model, Business Cycles
Great Moderation
Economics
Wirtschaft

description: This paper presents a New Keynesian DSGE model with inventory holding firms. The model distinguishes between goods and materials, for both production as well as for inventories. The more detailed treatment of inventory holdings offers new insights into the determinants of business cycles before and during the Great Moderation. Via Bayesian estimation we determine the distributions of the parameters for U.S. data for two subsamples. Our results show that impulse responses change significantly in terms of magnitude and persistence over time. Shocks in the labor market have gained importance since the Great Moderation and they explain the volatility of many variables. We reject the hypothesis of better inventory management and improved monetary policy as explanations for the Great Moderation. Instead, labor supply developments and changes in cost associated with capital play a key role for the reduced fluctuations.
Adaptive strategies for graph state growth in the presence of monitored errors
Creators: name: Campbell, Earl T.
name: Fitzsimons, Joseph
name: Benjamin, Simon C.
name: Kok, Pieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graph states (or cluster states) are the entanglement resource that enables one-way quantum computing. They can be grown by projective measurements on the component qubits. Such measurements typically carry a significant failure probability. Moreover, they may generate imperfect entanglement. Here we describe strategies to adapt growth operations in order to cancel incurred errors. Nascent states that initially deviate from the ideal graph states evolve toward the desired high fidelity resource without impractical overheads. Our analysis extends the diagrammatic language of graph states to include characteristics such as tilted vertices, weighted edges, and partial fusion, which arise from experimental imperfections. The strategies we present are relevant to parity projection schemes such as optical `path erasure' with distributed matter qubits.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Typos corrected, nicer figures, neater notation and better read
Quantum Optimization for the Graph Coloring Problem with Space-Efficient Embedding
Creators: name: Tabi, Zsolt
name: El-Safty, Kareem H.
name: Kallus, Zsófia
name: Hága, Péter
name: Kozsik, Tamás
name: Glos, Adam
name: Zimborás, Zoltán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current quantum computing devices have different strengths and weaknesses depending on their architectures. This means that flexible approaches to circuit design are necessary. We address this task by introducing a novel space-efficient quantum optimization algorithm for the graph coloring problem. Our circuits are deeper than the ones of the standard approach. However, the number of required qubits is exponentially reduced in the number of colors. We present extensive numerical simulations demonstrating the performance of our approach. Furthermore, to explore currently available alternatives, we perform a study of random graph coloring on a quantum annealer to test the limiting factors of that approach, too.
description: 7 pages
2D pattern evolution constrained by complex network dynamics
Creators: name: da Rocha, Luis Enrique Correa
name: Costa, Luciano da Fontoura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex networks have established themselves along the last years as being particularly suitable and flexible for representing and modeling several complex natural and human-made systems. At the same time in which the structural intricacies of such networks are being revealed and understood, efforts have also been directed at investigating how such connectivity properties define and constrain the dynamics of systems unfolding on such structures. However, lesser attention has been focused on hybrid systems, \textit{i.e.} involving more than one type of network and/or dynamics. Because several real systems present such an organization (\textit{e.g.} the dynamics of a disease coexisting with the dynamics of the immune system), it becomes important to address such hybrid systems. The current paper investigates a specific system involving a diffusive (linear and non-linear) dynamics taking place in a regular network while interacting with a complex network of defensive agents following Erdös-Rényi and Barabási-Albert graph models, whose nodes can be displaced spatially. More specifically, the complex network is expected to control, and if possible to extinguish, the diffusion of some given unwanted process (\textit{e.g.} fire, oil spilling, pest dissemination, and virus or bacteria reproduction during an infection). Two types of pattern evolution are considered: Fick and Gray-Scott. The nodes of the defensive network then interact with the diffusing patterns and communicate between themselves in order to control the spreading. The main findings include the identification of higher efficiency for the Barabási-Albert control networks.
description: 18 pages, 32 figures. A working manuscript, comments are welcomed
Comparative biological activity of palbociclib and ribociclib in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer
Creators: name: Brasó-Maristany, Fara
name: Gómez-Bravo, Raquel
name: Pascual, Tomás
name: Malumbres, Marcos
name: Muñoz, Montserrat
name: González-Farré, Blanca
name: Blasco, Paula
name: Perou, Charles M.
name: Adamo, Barbara
name: Prat, Aleix
name: Gavilá, Joaquín
name: Vidal, Maria
name: Chic, Nuria
name: Garcia-Fructuoso, Isabel
name: Castillo, Oleguer
name: Lorman-Carbó, Natàlia
name: Schettini, Francesco
name: Fernandez-Martinez, Aranzazu
name: Rodríguez, Adela
name: Martínez-Sáez, Olga
name: Galván, Patricia
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: This study examines the biological effects of palbociclib and ribociclib in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, pivotal to the HARMONIA prospective phase III clinical trial. We explore the downstream impacts of these CDK4/6 inhibitors, focusing on cell lines and patient-derived tumor samples. We treated HR+ breast cancer cell lines (T47D, MCF7, and BT474) with palbociclib or ribociclib (100 nM or 500 nM), alone or combined with fulvestrant (1 nM), over periods of 24, 72, or 144 h. Our assessments included PAM50 gene expression, RB1 phosphorylation, Lamin-B1 protein levels, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. We further analyzed PAM50 gene signatures from the CORALLEEN and NeoPalAna phase II trials. Both CDK4/6 inhibitors similarly inhibited proliferation across the cell lines. At 100 nM, both drugs partially reduced p-RB1, with further decreases at 500 nM over 144 h. Treatment led to reduced Lamin-B1 expression and increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Both drugs enhanced Luminal A and reduced Luminal B and proliferation signatures at both doses. However, the HER2-enriched signature significantly diminished only at the higher dose of 500 nM. Corresponding changes were observed in tumor samples from the CORALLEEN and NeoPalAna studies. At 2 weeks of treatment, both drugs significantly reduced the HER2-enriched signature, but at surgery, this reduction was consistent only with ribociclib. Our findings suggest that while both CDK4/6 inhibitors effectively modulate key biological pathways in HR+/HER2- breast cancer, nuances in their impact, particularly on the HER2-enriched signature, are dose-dependent, influenced by the addition of fulvestrant and warrant further investigation.
title: Imagine Being a Nice Guy: A Note on Hypothetical Vs. Incentivized Social Preferences
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Bühren, Christoph
name: Kundt, Thorben, C.
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft
social preferences
egalitarianism
generosity
dictator games
incentive mechanisms

description: We conducted an experimental study on social preferences using dictator games similar to Fehr et al. (2008). Our results show that social preferences differ between participants who receive low-stakes monetary rewards for their decisions and participants who consider hypothetical stakes. The results were robust when we controlled for socio-demographic characteristics and participants’ risk attitudes. Our findings indicate that, apart from incentives, gender plays an important role for the categorization of different social preferences.
M-theory on seven-dimensional manifolds with SU(3) structure
Creators: name: Micu, Andrei
name: Palti, Eran
name: Saffin, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study M-theory compactifications on seven-dimensional manifolds with SU(3) structure. As such manifolds naturally pick out a specific direction, the resulting effective theory can be cast into a form which is similar to type IIA compactifications to four dimensions. We derive the gravitino mass matrix in four dimensions and show that for different internal manifolds (torsion classes) the vacuum preserves either no supersymmetry, or N=2 supersymmetry or, through spontaneous partial supersymmetry breaking, N=1 supersymmetry. For the latter case we derive the effective N=1 theory and give explicit examples where all the moduli are stabilised without the need of non-perturbative effects.
description: 37 pages, typos corrected, references added, clarified some discussions, extra appendix
Diagnostic performance of deep learning in ultrasound diagnosis of breast cancer: a systematic review
Creators: name: Dan, Qing
name: Li, Yingjia
name: Xu, Ziting
name: Burrows, Hannah
name: Bissram, Jennifer
name: Stringer, Jeffrey S. A.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: Deep learning (DL) has been widely investigated in breast ultrasound (US) for distinguishing between benign and malignant breast masses. This systematic review of test diagnosis aims to examine the accuracy of DL, compared to human readers, for the diagnosis of breast cancer in the US under clinical settings. Our literature search included records from databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Test accuracy outcomes were synthesized to compare the diagnostic performance of DL and human readers as well as to evaluate the assistive role of DL to human readers. A total of 16 studies involving 9238 female participants were included. There were no prospective studies comparing the test accuracy of DL versus human readers in clinical workflows. Diagnostic test results varied across the included studies. In 14 studies employing standalone DL systems, DL showed significantly lower sensitivities in 5 studies with comparable specificities and outperformed human readers at higher specificities in another 4 studies; in the remaining studies, DL models and human readers showed equivalent test outcomes. In 12 studies that assessed assistive DL systems, no studies proved the assistive role of DL in the overall diagnostic performance of human readers. Current evidence is insufficient to conclude that DL outperforms human readers or enhances the accuracy of diagnostic breast US in a clinical setting. Standardization of study methodologies is required to improve the reproducibility and generalizability of DL research, which will aid in clinical translation and application.
Clusters and Groups of Galaxies in the Simulated Local Universe
Creators: name: Casagrande, L.
name: Diaferio, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the properties of galaxy groups extracted from the Updated Zwicky Catalogue (UZC) with those of groups extracted from N-body simulations of the local Universe, in a LambdaCDM and a tauCDM cosmology. In the simulations, the initial conditions of the dark matter density field are set to reproduce the present time distribution of the galaxies within 80 Mpc/h from the Milky Way. These initial conditions minimize the uncertainty originated by cosmic variance, which has affected previous analyses of this small volume of the Universe. The simulations also model the evolution of the photometric properties of the galaxy population with semi-analytic prescriptions. The models yield a galaxy luminosity function sensibly different from that of the UZC and are unable to reproduce the distribution of groups and their luminosity content. The discrepancy between the model and the UZC reduces substantially, if we redistribute the luminosity among the galaxies in the simulation according to the UZC luminosity function while preserving the galaxy luminosity rank. The modified LambdaCDM model provides the best match to the UZC: the abundances of groups by harmonic radius, velocity dispersion, mass and luminosity are consistent with observations. We find that this model also reproduces the halo occupation number of groups and clusters. However, the large-scale distribution of groups is marginally consistent with the UZC and the redshift-space correlation function of galaxies on scales larger than 6 Mpc/h is still more than 3-sigma smaller than observed. We conclude that reproducing the properties of the observed groups certainly requires a more sophisticated treatment of galaxy formation, and possibly an improvement of the dark matter model.
description: 20 pages, 18 figures, accepted by MNRAS. Minor revisions according to referee's comments. Conclusions unchanged
Loyalty and collaborationist theory : an alternative view to the collaboration theory’s conceptualization of loyalty
Creators: name: Moir, Michael Robert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Traditional theories of imperialism have tended to be defined almost exclusively in terms of European motives, as a simple projection of European state power. Collaboration theorists have challenged the Eurocentric perspective of the orthodox view of imperialism. According to Ronald Robinson, a more comprehensive theory would include an analysis of the most important mechanism of European management of the non-European world: the use of loyal, local collaborator groups as mediators between Europe and the indigenous political and economic system. This paper will examine the collaborationist's conceptualization of loyalty. It will be. suggested that Robinson's formalistic approach, typical of the nation-building school, cannot account for the continued loyalty of Canadians to Great Britain . By following a functional approach, it can be seen that loyalty is a psychological phenomena unlimited in its scope. From this perspective, it can be seen how loyalty to the Empire provided the necessary psychological unity for Canadians as they assumed greater political sovereignty.
title: Interplay of Land Governance and Large-Scale Agricultural Investment: Evidence from Ghana and Kenya
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Nolte, Kerstin
name: Vöth, Susanne Johanna
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft

description: Recognising the increased demand for agricultural land, this comparative analysis examines the effect of large-scale land acquisitions on their surrounding institutional environment. An embedded case study design allows us to analyse two specific land deals in Ghana and Kenya. We find that insufficiencies in these countries’ land governance systems are partly caused by discrepancies between de jure and de facto procedures; and that weak legal frameworks, coupled with poor enforcement, produce outcomes that depend to a large extent on the investors. We also find that large-scale land acquisitions have a feedback effect on the land governance system, which suggests that large-scale land acquisitions can be drivers of institutional change.
Energy transport in harmonically driven segmented Frenkel-Kontorova lattices
Creators: name: Romero-Bastida, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study the energy transport in a one-dimensional system composed of two dissimilar Frenkel-Kontorova lattices connected by a time-modulated coupling and in contact with two heat reservoirs operating at different temperature by means of molecular dynamics simulations. There is a value of the driving frequency at which the heat flux takes its maximum value, a phenomenon termed as thermal resonance. Structural modifications in the lattice strongly alter the way in which the external driving interacts with the phonon bands. The overlap of the latter in the harmonic regime of the model determine the frequency range wherein resonance emerges. Parameter dependencies by which the incoming heat flux can be directed to either of the heat reservoirs are examined as well. Our results may be conductive to further developments in designing thermal devices.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. E
Contesting protection in Burma : conflict, legitimacy and agency
Creators: name: South, Ashley
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Ethnic conflict Burma
subject: Burma Social conditions
subject: Burma Politics and government

description: A range of actors in armed conflict-affected southeast Burma 'frame' (Tarrow 1994) issues and contest positions within the field (Bourdieu 1977) of protection (Slim and Bonwick 2005). These activities are mapped and critically analysed throughout the chapters which constitute this dissertation by publication. Actors' varying degrees of success depend on the resources available (Bourdieu 1990), the strategies adopted and the attractiveness of their positions in relation to potential supporters and allies (Bob 2005, Fiddian-Qasmiyeh 2009) and the meta-frameworks dominant in global networks (Keck and Sikkink 1998). Successful actors seek to legitimise (or 'naturalise' - Bourdieu 1977, 164-67) their positions through networks of power and meaning (Wood and Shearing 2007), becoming dominant voices and actors in the security-humanitarian nexus. While not ignoring the positions of dominant ('mainstream') stakeholders, one of my main purposes is to describe and analyse the agency of actors which are marginalised in existing academic and policy literatures and practices. In the absence of international aid agencies, local civil society, political and armed groups are key actors in this complex conflict context. In examining relationships of discourse and practice between mainstream state and international agencies (e.g. sovereign governments, UN agencies) and local actors, I develop the notion of 'non-system' actor, to designate stakeholders operating beyond the security and humanitarian mainstream. Among these networks, civilian populations are the least powerful and most vulnerable. Nevertheless, they find ingenious and brave ways of coping with often intolerable situations - although 'self-protection' strategies are not always sufficient to ensure peoples' survival in dignity and safety. I critically analyse the relationships between local, national and international protection and other aid interventions, and the political economy of conflict (deWaal 1997, Duffield 2001 and 2008, Goodhand 2006, Keen 2008, Kuperman 2008). I unpack the identities and interests structuring and structured by actors' positions (Bourdieu 1977 and 1990), and critique the assumptions and agendas of both dominant and marginalised actors, particularly in relation to the 'liberal-progressive' paradigm which informs much humanitarian work. Questions of legitimacy are implicated also in the relationships between knowledge (in this case, of humanitarian conditions in southeast Burma) and power, and access to field sites.
The Rainbow Ranche Limited: a Company Limited by Shares" Memorandum and Articles of Association, written by I.H. Hallet, June 25, 1908
Creators: name: Hallett, I.H.
Publisher: name: Greenwood, B.C. : The Times Print
Year: 2017

description: The Rainbow Ranche Limited: a Company Limited by Shares" Memorandum and Articles of Association, written by I.H. Hallet, barrister and solicitor, dated June 25, 1908.
Benefits of Breast Cancer Screening and Treatment on Mortality
Creators: name: Basch, Ethan
name: Wheeler, Stephanie B
name: Rocque, Gabrielle
Publisher: name: American Medical Association (AMA)
Year: 2024

description: Breast cancer mortality has declined precipitously in the past 5 decades, from 48 per 100 000 females in 1975 to 27 per
100 000 in 2019. This large improvement in outcomes is a testament
to the development and dissemination of evidence-based
strategies to improve
early detection and timely
treatment of breast cancer—
achieved through decades of public and private investment in
research and research translation. However, it is challenging
to quantify the relative contributions of prior investments or
advances in breast cancer screening and treatment. Without
such knowledge, decisions about setting future research priorities
will be incompletely informed. An approach that can
provide this key information is simulation modeling.
Calibrating the BHB Star Distance Scale and the Halo Kinematic Distance to the Galactic Centre
Creators: name: Utkin, N. D.
name: Dambis, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first determination of the distance to the Galactic centre based on the kinematics of halo objects. We apply the statistical-parallax technique to the sample of ~2500 Blue Horizontal Branch (BHB) stars compiled by Xue et al. (2011) to simultaneously constrain the correction factor to the photometric distances of BHB stars as reported by those authors and the distance to the Galactic centre to find R0=8.2+/-0.6 kpc. We also find that the average velocity of our BHB star sample in the direction of Galactic rotation, V0=-240+/-4 km/s, is greater by about 20 km/s in absolute value than the corresponding velocity for halo RR Lyrae type stars (V0=-222+/-4 km/s) in the Galactocentric distance interval from 6 to 18 kpc, whereas the total (sigma V) and radial (sigma r) velocity dispersion of the of the BHB sample are smaller by about 40-45 km/s than the corresponding parameters of the velocity dispersion ellipsoid of halo RR Lyrae type variables. The velocity dispersion tensor of halo BHB stars proved to be markedly less anisotropic than the corresponding tensor for RR Lyrae type variables: the corresponding anisotropy parameter values are equal to beta(BHB)=0.51+/-0.02 and beta(RR)=0.71+/-0.03, respectively.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, 16 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Catastrophic health expenditures, insurance churn, and non-employment among women with breast cancer
Creators: name: Offodile, Anaeze C
name: Berlin, Nicholas L
name: Albright, Benjamin B
name: Moss, Haley A
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Year: 2024

description: BACKGROUND: Breast cancer treatment and survivorship entails a complex and expensive continuum of subspecialty care. Our objectives were to assess catastrophic health expenditures, insurance churn, and non-employment among women younger than 65 years who reported a diagnosis of breast cancer. We also evaluated changes in these outcomes related to implementation of the Affordable Care Act.
METHODS: The data source for this study was the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2005-2019), which is a national annual cross-sectional survey of families, providers, and insurers in the United States. To assess the impact of breast cancer, comparisons were made with a matched cohort of women without cancer. We estimated predicted marginal probabilities to quantify the effects of covariates in models for catastrophic health expenditures, insurance churn, and non-employment.
RESULTS: We identified 1490 respondents younger than 65 years who received care related to breast cancer during the study period, representing a weight-adjusted annual mean of 1 062 129 patients. Approximately 31.8% of women with breast cancer reported health expenditures in excess of 10% of their annual income. In models, the proportion of women with breast cancer who experienced catastrophic health expenditures and non-employment was inversely related to increasing income. During Affordable Care Act implementation, mean number of months of uninsurance decreased and expenditures increased among breast cancer patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study underscores the impact of breast cancer on financial security and opportunities for patients and their families. A multilevel understanding of these issues is needed to design effective and equitable strategies to improve quality of life and survivorship.
title: Public Attitudes Toward Fiscal Consolidation: Evidence from a Representative German Population Survey
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Hayo, Bernd
name: Neumeier, Florian
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft
sovereign debt crisis
Germany.
fiscal consolidation
public attitudes
Public debt

description: The poor state of public finances in many countries has led to calls for fiscal consolidation. In practice, implementing concrete consolidation measures appears to meet with public resistance, suggesting that the success of consolidation efforts strongly depends on the popularity of the chosen measures. To identify public attitudes toward fiscal consolidation and alternative consolidation measures, we conducted a survey among 2,000 German citizens. Applying ordered and multinominal logit models, we test theory-based hypotheses about the determinants of individual attitudes toward public debt. We find that, inter alia, personal economic situation, time preferences, fiscal illusion, and trust in politicians exert a significant impact on attitudes toward fiscal consolidation and preferences for alternative consolidation measures.
Escort mean values and the characterization of power-law-decaying probability densities
Creators: name: Tsallis, Constantino
name: Plastino, Angel R.
name: Alvarez-Estrada, Ramon F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Escort mean values (or $q$-moments) constitute useful theoretical tools for describing basic features of some probability densities such as those which asymptotically decay like {\it power laws}. They naturally appear in the study of many complex dynamical systems, particularly those obeying nonextensive statistical mechanics, a current generalization of the Boltzmann-Gibbs theory. They recover standard mean values (or moments) for $q=1$. Here we discuss the characterization of a (non-negative) probability density by a suitable set of all its escort mean values together with the set of all associated normalizing quantities, provided that all of them converge. This opens the door to a natural extension of the well known characterization, for the $q=1$ instance, of a distribution in terms of the standard moments, provided that {\it all} of them have {\it finite} values. This question would be specially relevant in connection with probability densities having {\it divergent} values for all nonvanishing standard moments higher than a given one (e.g., probability densities asymptotically decaying as power-laws), for which the standard approach is not applicable. The Cauchy-Lorentz distribution, whose second and higher even order moments diverge, constitutes a simple illustration of the interest of this investigation. In this context, we also address some mathematical subtleties with the aim of clarifying some aspects of an interesting non-linear generalization of the Fourier Transform, namely, the so-called $q$-Fourier Transform.
description: 20 pages (2 Appendices have been added)
D-branes at Singularities, Compactification, and Hypercharge
Creators: name: Buican, Matthew
name: Malyshev, Dmitry
name: Morrison, David R.
name: Wijnholt, Martijn
name: Verlinde, Herman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on progress towards the construction of SM-like gauge theories on the world-volume of D-branes at a Calabi-Yau singularity. In particular, we work out the topological conditions on the embedding of the singularity inside a compact CY threefold, that select hypercharge as the only light U(1) gauge factor. We apply this insight to the proposed open string realization of the SM of hep-th/0508089, based on a D3-brane at a dP_8 singularity, and present a geometric construction of a compact Calabi-Yau threefold with all the required topological properties. We comment on the relevance of D-instantons to the breaking of global U(1) symmetries.
description: 39 pages, 9 figures. Minor corrections
title: Einordnung des strategischen Qualitätsmanagements in die Organisation
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Krüger, Philipp
name: Friedemann, Robert
Publisher: name: Westsächsische Hochschule Zwickau
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ms51788
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 5.2
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Die vorliegende Ausarbeitung befasst sich mit der strategischen Einordnung des Qualitätsmanagements in die Organisationsstruktur eines Unternehmens. Sie beleuchtet die theoretischen Grundlagen der Organisationslehre sowie die spezifischen Anforderungen und Vorteile des strategischen Qualitätsmanagements. Im ersten Teil werden die verschiedenen Organisationsformen und deren Anwendung in Unternehmen detailliert beschrieben. Der zweite Teil widmet sich der Integration des strategischen Qualitätsmanagements in die Managementpyramide, um dessen Einfluss auf die Unternehmensführung und die Umsetzung der Qualitätsziele zu verdeutlichen. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie das strategische Qualitätsmanagement zur Erreichung einer nachhaltigen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit beitragen kann, indem es die Prozesse und Strukturen eines Unternehmens optimiert. Die Arbeit betont die Wichtigkeit einer klaren Trennung zwischen operativem und strategischem Qualitätsmanagement und stellt dar, wie diese beiden Ebenen effektiv zusammenwirken können.
title: From Unrealistic Assumptions to Economic Explanations. Robustness Analysis from a Deductivist Point of View
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Albert, Max
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft

description: Sugden (2000) offers an answer to the question of how unrealistic models can be used to explain real-world phenomena: by considering a set of unrealistic models, one may conclude that a result common to these models also holds for a realistic model that, however, is too complex to be analyzed, or even just stated, explicitly. This is a kind of robustness argument. Sugden argues that the argument is inductive and that the methodological strategy is inconsistent with received methodological views. This paper argues that Sugden’s argument is in need of improvement, that the improved version is deductive, and that the methodological strategy, if applied with care, fits well into one of the received views dismissed by Sugden, namely, hypothetico-deductivism, or the the testing view of science.