cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mathematical analysis of the regulation of competing methyltransferases
Creators: name: Reed, Michael C.
name: Gamble, Mary V.
name: Hall, Megan
name: Nijhout, H. Frederick
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Cellular control mechanisms
Mathematical analysis
Methyltransferases
Biophysics

description: Background
Methyltransferase (MT) reactions, in which methyl groups are attached to substrates, are fundamental to many aspects of cell biology and human physiology. The universal methyl donor for these reactions is S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and this presents the cell with an important regulatory problem. If the flux along one pathway is changed then the SAM concentration will change affecting all the other MT pathways, so it is difficult for the cell to regulate the pathways independently.

Methods
We created a mathematical model, based on the known biochemistry of the folate and methionine cycles, to study the regulatory mechanisms that enable the cell to overcome this difficulty. Some of the primary mechanisms are long-range allosteric interactions by which substrates in one part of the biochemical network affect the activity of enzymes at distant locations in the network (not distant in the cell). Because of these long-range allosteric interactions, the dynamic behavior of the network is very complicated, and so mathematical modeling is a useful tool for investigating the effects of the regulatory mechanisms and understanding the complicated underlying biochemistry and cell biology.

Results
We study the allosteric binding of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5mTHF) to glycine-N-methyltransferase (GNMT) and explain why data in the literature implies that when one molecule binds, GNMT retains half its activity. Using the model, we quantify the effects of different regulatory mechanisms and show how cell processes would be different if the regulatory mechanisms were eliminated. In addition, we use the model to interpret and understand data from studies in the literature. Finally, we explain why a full understanding of how competing MTs are regulated is important for designing intervention strategies to improve human health.

Conclusions
We give strong computational evidence that once bound GNMT retains half its activity. The long-range allosteric interactions enable the cell to regulate the MT reactions somewhat independently. The low K m values of many MTs also play a role because the reactions then run near saturation and changes in SAM have little effect. Finally, the inhibition of the MTs by the product S-adenosylhomocysteine also stabilizes reaction rates against changes in SAM.
Cavia nana Thomas 1917
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Caviidae
Cavia
Cavia nana

description: Cavia nana Thomas, 1917. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 19: 159. TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, La Paz Dept., Chulumani, 2000 m. DISTRIBUTION: W. Bolivia. COMMENT: Considered a distinct species by Cabrera, 1961:577; but see Huckinghaus, 1961, Z. Wiss. Zool., 166:58, who included nana in aperea. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410019001003001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 573, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
description: {"references": ["Huckinghaus, F. 1961. Vergleichende Untersuchungen uber die Formenmannigfaltigkeit der Unterfamilie Caviinae Murray 1886. (Ergebnisse der Sudamerikaexpedition Herre / Rohrs 1956 - 1957). Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 166: 1 - 98, 62 pls."]}
Risk factors for hospital-acquired antimicrobial-resistant infection caused by Acinetobacter baumannii
Creators: name: Ellis, Darcy
name: Cohen, Bevin A.
name: Liu, Jianfang
name: Larson, Elaine L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logistic regression analysis
subject: Drug resistance in microorganisms
subject: Nosocomial infections
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Background
Acinetobacter baumannii can cause serious healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and the incidence is increasing, with many strains now resistant to multiple antibiotic classes. The aims of this study were to examine factors associated with HAIs caused by antimicrobial-resistant as compared with antimicrobial-susceptible strains of A. baumannii and to investigate trends in the incidence of resistance over time. Electronic data from two U.S. hospitals in a large urban healthcare system in over the years 2006–2012 were used for the analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to explore risk factors for infection with A. baumannii resistant to ampicillin or ampicillin/sulbactam in the bloodstream, urinary tract, and respiratory tract. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to explore resistance trends over time.

Findings
A total of 671 adults with first-time A. baumannii infection were included in the analysis; 302 isolates (45 %) were resistant to ampicillin or ampicillin/sulbactam and 369 (55 %) were susceptible. In the multivariable analysis, significant risk factors included longer length of stay prior to infection (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.03; 95 % Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.04), hospital A versus B (OR = 0.35; 95 % CI: 0.13, 0.93), and antibiotic use prior to infection (OR = 2.88; 95 % CI: 1.02, 8.13). Resistance was more common in respiratory infections (OR = 2.96; 95 % CI: 1.04, 8.44). No trend was found between year of infection and resistance.

Conclusions
The risk factors we identified are consistent with previous findings, but we found no evidence in this population that resistance to ampicillin or ampicillin/sulbactam was increasing over time.
Re-engineering a neuroprotective, clinical drug as a procognitive agent with high in vivo potency and with GABAA potentiating activity for use in dementia
Creators: name: Luo, Jia
name: Lee, Sue H.
name: VandeVrede, Lawren
name: Qin, Zhihui
name: Piyankarage, Sujeewa
name: Tavassoli, Ehsan
name: Asghodom, Rezene T.
name: Aissa, Manel Ben
name: Fa, Mauro
name: Arancio, Ottavio
name: Yue, Lan
name: Pepperberg, David R.
name: Thatcher, Gregory R. J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Proteins
Nitric oxide
Nervous system--Degeneration
Mental health

description: Background
Synaptic dysfunction is a key event in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) where synapse loss pathologically correlates with cognitive decline and dementia. Although evidence suggests that aberrant protein production and aggregation are the causative factors in familial subsets of such diseases, drugs singularly targeting these hallmark proteins, such as amyloid-β, have failed in late stage clinical trials. Therefore, to provide a successful disease-modifying compound and address synaptic dysfunction and memory loss in AD and mixed pathology dementia, we repurposed a clinically proven drug, CMZ, with neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties via addition of nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP signaling property.

Results
The novel compound, NMZ, was shown to retain the GABAA potentiating actions of CMZ in vitro and sedative activity in vivo. Importantly, NMZ restored LTP in hippocampal slices from AD transgenic mice, whereas CMZ was without effect. NMZ reversed amnestic blockade of acetylcholine receptors by scopolamine as well as NMDA receptor blockade by a benzodiazepine and a NO synthase inhibitor in the step-through passive avoidance (STPA) test of learning and working memory. A PK/PD relationship was developed based on STPA analysis coupled with pharmacokinetic measures of drug levels in the brain: at 1 nM concentration in brain and plasma, NMZ was able to restore memory consolidation in mice.

Conclusion
Our findings show that NMZ embodies a promising pharmacological approach targeting synaptic dysfunction and opens new avenues for neuroprotective intervention strategies in mixed pathology AD, neurodegeneration, and dementia.
Performance Measurement Under Increasing Environmental Uncertainty In The Context of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Based Robotic Sailing
Creators: name: Benatar, Naisan
name: Aickelin, Uwe
name: Garibald, Jonathan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Performance measurement of robotic controllers based on fuzzy logic, operating under uncertainty, is a subject area which has been somewhat ignored in the current literature. In this paper standard measures such as RMSE are shown to be inappropriate for use under conditions where the environmental uncertainty changes significantly between experiments. An overview of current methods which have been applied by other authors is presented, followed by a design of a more sophisticated method of comparison. This method is then applied to a robotic control problem to observe its outcome compared with a single measure. Results show that the technique described provides a more robust method of performance comparison than less complex methods allowing better comparisons to be drawn.
description: International Conference on Fuzzy Systems 2013 (Fuzz-IEEE 2013)
Millimeter-Wave Reconfigurable Adaptive Hybrid Beamformers for MIMO Communication
Creators: name: Susnata Mondal
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Computer Engineering

description: Millimeter-wave multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) communication, based on beamforming, is a revolutionary new element in wireless systems including 5G/beyond-5G cellular, WiFi, radar etc. Highly integrated beamforming transceivers supporting basic directional communication through beam-steering, thereby improving the link-budget are reaching maturity. However, to further enhance the data rates and network capacity, advanced multi-antenna spatial signal processing techniques will be necessary in future wireless systems. This research introduces several systemic, architectural and circuit techniques that enable advanced spatial processing. Several millimeter-wave prototype chips implementing “hybrid beamforming” have been designed. Characterization of these prototypes conducted in lab and on-air settings showcase the mentioned techniques while achieving excellent system energy efficiency. This dissertation makes the following seven key contributions: 1) It introduces a “fully-connected” hybrid MIMO/beamforming architecture. Circuit architecturesand design techniques are introduced to implement RF-domain spatio-temporal signal processing, and in turn, facilitate a compact, energy-efficient and spectrally efficientembodiment. 2) The fully-connected hybrid architecture is extended to enable reconfiguration across multiple MIMO modes in disparate mm-wave frequency bands (e.g., 28/37 GHz), and an inter-band full-aperture carrier aggregation(CA) mode. 3) Beam adaptation techniques that enable adaptive beam and null formation in hybrid beamformers and RF phased arrays are introduced. Onchip implementations using a new time-multiplexed least mean square scheme are described. 4) A fundamental challenge in MIMO transmitter design due to the increase in peak-to-average-power-ratio is studied. The system energy efficiencies of several hybrid MIMO architectures across various power amplifier topologies are compared rigorously via analysis and experiment. 5) A new architecture is introduced that directly enables simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) beamforming for multi-antenna frequency-division-duplexing (FDD) or full-duplex (FD) communicationwith a per-element self-interference cancellation scheme. 6) Hybrid MIMO architectures with multi-layer spatial signal processing that mitigate complexity versus spectral-efficiency tradeoffs of single-layer hybrid beamforming architectures are proposed; in addition, these architectures facilitate efficient upward scaling of the number of supported MIMO streams and users. 7) A compact, bidirectionaltransceiver architecture and constituent circuit techniques are proposed which enable dual-band transceiver operation. These techniques allow the transceiver to be reconfigurablebetween numerous transmit/receive configurations that combine MIMO, CA, TDD, FDD and FD functionalities.
Unconserved C terminal of human cytomegalovirus tegument protein pUL76 elicits nuclear aggresome formation and induces DNA damage in transfected cells
Creators: name: Zhang, Wenchang
name: Yao, Yao
name: Chen, Jingxian
name: Wang, Mingli
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mutation
subject: Chromosomes
subject: Herpesvirus diseases
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background
The HCMV UL76 gene is a member of UL24 family in herpes virus and encodes a highly conserved herpes virus protein. Inherited from common ancestor, members of Herpes_UL24 family encode proteins with a conserved N terminal and varied in C terminal region. To define which region (conserved N terminal or unconserved C terminal) of UL76 was responsible for its ability to induce DNA damage and aggresome formation, the wild-type UL76 gene and two deletion mutants were transfected to cells and analyzed by immunofluorescent staining, Western blotting and comet assay.

Results
We report that the EGFP-fusion proteins present as globular aggresomes and colocalize with γ-H2AX in cells transfected with either pEGFP-UL76 or pEGFP-UL76C. The relative expression level of γ-H2AX and percentage of cells with comet tails were elevated in pEGFP-UL76 or pEGFP-UL76C transfection groups compared to the control.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that the unconserved C terminal (not the conserved N terminal) of pUL76 was sufficient to induce DNA damage and aggresome formation in transfected cells.
Cavia porcellus
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Caviidae
Cavia
Cavia porcellus

description: Cavia porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:59. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Pernambuco (questionable). DISTRIBUTION: Domesticated worldwide; possibly feral in N. South America. COMMENT: Husson, 1978:451, reserved the use of porcellus to denote domesticated guinea pigs, which are probably derived from tschudii; see Corbet and Hill, 1980:189, but also see Huckinghaus, 1961, Z. Wiss. Zool., 166:96, who regarded porcellus as a synonym of aperea. Domesticated animal with no established wild population (CAW). N. South American populations may be feral domestic guinea pigs (K. F. Koopman); but see comment under aperea. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410019001005001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 573, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
description: {"references": ["Husson, A. M. 1978. The mammals of Suriname. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 569 pp., 160 pls.", "Corbet, G. B., and J. E. Hill. 1980. A world list of mammalian species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.", "Huckinghaus, F. 1961. Vergleichende Untersuchungen uber die Formenmannigfaltigkeit der Unterfamilie Caviinae Murray 1886. (Ergebnisse der Sudamerikaexpedition Herre / Rohrs 1956 - 1957). Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 166: 1 - 98, 62 pls."]}
Projections of temperature-attributable premature deaths in 209 U.S. cities using a cluster-based Poisson approach
Creators: name: Schwartz, Joel D.
name: Lee, Mihye
name: Kinney, Patrick L.
name: Yang, Suijia
name: Mills, David
name: Sarofim, Marcus C.
name: Jones, Russell
name: Streeter, Richard
name: St. Juliana, Alexis
name: Horton, Radley M.
name: Peers, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Climatic changes
subject: Mortality
subject: Climatic changes--Forecasting
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background
A warming climate will affect future temperature-attributable premature deaths. This analysis is the first to project these deaths at a near national scale for the United States using city and month-specific temperature-mortality relationships.

Methods
We used Poisson regressions to model temperature-attributable premature mortality as a function of daily average temperature in 209 U.S. cities by month. We used climate data to group cities into clusters and applied an Empirical Bayes adjustment to improve model stability and calculate cluster-based month-specific temperature-mortality functions. Using data from two climate models, we calculated future daily average temperatures in each city under Representative Concentration Pathway 6.0. Holding population constant at 2010 levels, we combined the temperature data and cluster-based temperature-mortality functions to project city-specific temperature-attributable premature deaths for multiple future years which correspond to a single reporting year. Results within the reporting periods are then averaged to account for potential climate variability and reported as a change from a 1990 baseline in the future reporting years of 2030, 2050 and 2100.

Results
We found temperature-mortality relationships that vary by location and time of year. In general, the largest mortality response during hotter months (April – September) was in July in cities with cooler average conditions. The largest mortality response during colder months (October–March) was at the beginning (October) and end (March) of the period. Using data from two global climate models, we projected a net increase in premature deaths, aggregated across all 209 cities, in all future periods compared to 1990. However, the magnitude and sign of the change varied by cluster and city.

Conclusions
We found increasing future premature deaths across the 209 modeled U.S. cities using two climate model projections, based on constant temperature-mortality relationships from 1997 to 2006 without any future adaptation. However, results varied by location, with some locations showing net reductions in premature temperature-attributable deaths with climate change.
Broadening horizons: holistic viewpoints from the Biology of Genomes
Creators: name: Carr, Ambrose James
name: Pe'er, Dana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Medical transcription
Mutation (Biology)
Genomics
Biology
Biomechanics

description: A report on the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 27th annual meeting on the Biology of Genomes, held in Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA, 6-10 May 2014.
ALMA observations of the molecular gas in the debris disk of the 30 Myr old star HD 21997
Creators: name: Kóspál, Á.
name: Moór, A.
name: Juhász, A.
name: Ábrahám, P.
name: Apai, D.
name: Csengeri, T.
name: Grady, C. A.
name: Henning, Th.
name: Hughes, A. M.
name: Kiss, Cs.
name: Pascucci, I.
name: Schmalzl, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 30 Myr old A3-type star HD 21997 is one of the two known debris dust disks having a measurable amount of cold molecular gas. With the goal of understanding the physical state, origin, and evolution of the gas in young debris disks, we obtained CO line observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Here we report on the detection of 12CO and 13CO in the J=2-1 and J=3-2 transitions and C18O in the J=2-1 line. The gas exhibits a Keplerian velocity curve, one of the few direct measurements of Keplerian rotation in young debris disks. The measured CO brightness distribution could be reproduced by a simple star+disk system, whose parameters are r_in < 26 AU, r_out = 138 +/- 20 AU, M_*=1.8 +0.5 -0.2 M_Sun, and i = 32.6 +/- 3.1 degrees. The total CO mass, as calculated from the optically thin C18O line, is about (4-8) x 10^-2 M_Earth, while the CO line ratios suggest a radiation temperature on the order of 6-9 K. Comparing our results with those obtained for the dust component of the HD 21997 disk from the ALMA continuum observations by Moór et al., we conclude that comparable amounts of CO gas and dust are present in the disk. Interestingly, the gas and dust in the HD 21997 system are not co-located, indicating a dust-free inner gas disk within 55 AU of the star. We explore two possible scenarios for the origin of the gas. A secondary origin, which involves gas production from colliding or active planetesimals, would require unreasonably high gas production rates and would not explain why the gas and dust are not co-located. We propose that HD 21997 is a hybrid system where secondary debris dust and primordial gas coexist. HD 21997, whose age exceeds both the model predictions for disk clearing and the ages of the oldest T Tauri-like or transitional gas disks in the literature, may be a key object linking the primordial and the debris phases of disk evolution.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Posting and transfer: key to fostering trust in government health services
Creators: name: Sheikh, Kabir
name: Freedman, Lynn P.
name: Ghaffar, Abdul
name: Marchal, Bruno
name: El-Jardali, Fadi
name: McCaffery, Jim
name: Poz, Mario Dal
name: De Sardan, Jean-Pierre Olivier
name: Flores, Walter
name: Garimella, Surekha
name: Schaaf, Marta L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Medical policy
Public health--Economic aspects
Health services administration
Public health
Medical care

description: Appropriate deployment or posting and transfer (P&T) of health workers – placing the right people in the right positions at the right time – lies at the heart of fostering communities’ faith in government health services and cementing the role of the health system as a core social institution. The authors of this paper have been involved in an ongoing transnational dialogue about P&T practices and determinants. This dialogue seeks to call attention to the importance of P&T as a health system function; to urge donors and policy-makers working in health systems, HRH and public administration governance to consider how to address issues around P&T; and to suggest avenues and approaches to research.

P&T is a vexed and unresolved issue in many low- and middle-income countries that requires, above all, political commitment to improving public sector services and to new thinking and research. It holds promise as a focal point for inter-disciplinary collaboration in research and implementation that can inform other areas in HRH and health systems strengthening. Innovative social science and management theorizing, and iterative, locally driven interventions that focus on establishing transparent professional norms and building the credibility of government administration, including the health services, are likely the way forward.
Socioeconomic disparities in breast cancer incidence and survival among parous women: findings from a population-based cohort, 1964–2008
Creators: name: Goldberg, Mandy
name: Calderon-Margalit, Ronit
name: Paltiel, Ora
name: Abu Ahmad, Wiessam
name: Friedlander, Yechiel
name: Harlap, Susan
name: Manor, Orly
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Breast--Cancer--Patients
Ethnicity
Cancer--Patients--Economic conditions
Public health
Medicine

description: Background
Socioeconomic position (SEP) has been associated with breast cancer incidence and survival. We examined the associations between two socioeconomic indicators and long-term breast cancer incidence and survival in a population-based cohort of parous women.

Methods
Residents of Jerusalem who gave birth between 1964–1976 (n = 40,586) were linked to the Israel Cancer Registry and Israel Population Registry to determine breast cancer incidence and vital status through mid-2008. SEP was assessed by husband’s occupation and the woman’s education. We used log ranks tests to compare incidence and survival curves by SEP, and Cox proportional hazard models to adjust for demographic, reproductive and diagnostic factors and assess effect modification by ethnic origin.

Results
In multivariable models, women of high SEP had a greater risk of breast cancer compared to women of low SEP (Occupation: HR 1.18, 95 % CI 1.03-1.35; Education: HR 1.39, 95 % CI 1.21-1.60) and women of low SEP had a greater risk of mortality after a breast cancer diagnosis (Occupation: HR 1.33, 95 % CI 1.04-1.70; Education: HR 1.37, 95 % CI 1.06-1.76). The association between education and survival was modified by ethnic origin, with a gradient effect observed only among women of European origin. Women of Asian, North African and Israeli origin showed no such trend.

Conclusions
SEP was associated with long-term breast cancer incidence and survival among Israeli Jews. Education had a stronger effect on breast cancer outcomes than occupation, suggesting that a behavioral mechanism may underlie disparities. More research is needed to explain the difference in the effect of education on survival among European women compared to women of other ethnicities.
Pulsating variables from the OGLE and Araucaria projects
Creators: name: Pietrzynski, Grzegorz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present some results of long term studies of pulsating stars conducted in the course of the OGLE and Araucaria projects. In particular very scarce eclipsing binaries containing pulsating stars are discussed. Such systems provide a unique opportunity to improve calibration of the cosmic distance scale and to better calibrate stellar evolutionary models.
description: IAU 301
Cavia tschudii Fitzinger 1857
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Caviidae
Cavia
Cavia tschudii

description: Cavia tschudii Fitzinger, 1857. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, p. 154. TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, lea Dept., Ica. DISTRIBUTION: Peru; S. Bolivia; N.W. Argentina; N. Chile. COMMENT: Formerly included in aperea by Huckinghaus, 1961, Z. Wiss. Zool., 166:57; but see Cabrera, 1961:579, and Pine et al., 1979, Mammalia, 43:361, who considered tschudii a distinct species. Includes stolida; see Cabrera, 1961:579; but also see Huckinghaus, 1961, Z. Wiss. Zool., 166:58, who considered stolida a distinct species. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410019001006001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 573, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
description: {"references": ["Huckinghaus, F. 1961. Vergleichende Untersuchungen uber die Formenmannigfaltigkeit der Unterfamilie Caviinae Murray 1886. (Ergebnisse der Sudamerikaexpedition Herre / Rohrs 1956 - 1957). Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 166: 1 - 98, 62 pls.", "Pine, R. H., S. D. Miller, and M. L. Schamberger. 1979. Contributions to the mammalogy of Chile. Mammalia, 43: 339 - 376."]}
Diagnostic imaging capabilities of the Ocelot -Optical Coherence Tomography System, ex-vivo evaluation and clinical relevance
Creators: name: Dohad, Suhail
name: Shao, John Han
name: Cawich, Ian
name: Kankaria, Manish
name: Desai, Arjun
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Blood-vessels--Diseases
Diagnosis
Optical coherence tomography
Biomechanics
Medical sciences

description: Background
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution sub-surface imaging modality using near-infrared light to provide accurate and high contrast intra-vascular images. This enables accurate assessment of diseased arteries before and after intravascular intervention.

This study was designed to corroborate diagnostic imaging equivalence between the Ocelot and the Dragonfly OCT systems with regards to the intravascular features that are most important in clinical management of patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease. These intravascular features were then corroborated in vivo during treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) pathology using the Ocelot catheter.

Methods
In order to compare the diagnostic information obtained by Ocelot (Avinger Inc., Redwood City, CA) and Dragonfly (St. Jude Medical, Minneapolis, MN) OCT systems, we utilized ex-vivo preparations of arterial segments. Ocelot and Dragonfly catheters were inserted into identical cadaveric femoral peripheral arteries for image acquisition and interpretation.

Three independent physician interpreters assessed the images to establish accuracy and sensitivity of the diagnostic information. Histologic evaluation of the corresponding arterial segments provided the gold standard for image interpretation.

In vivo clinical images were obtained during therapeutic interventions that included crossing of peripheral chronic total occlusions (CTOs) using the Ocelot catheter.

Results
Strong concordance was demonstrated when matching image characteristics between both OCT systems and histology. The Dragonfly and Ocelot system’s vessel features were interpreted with high sensitivity (91.1–100 %) and specificity (86.7–100 %). Inter-observer concordance was documented with excellent correlation across all vessel features. The clinical benefit that the Ocelot OCT system provided was demonstrated by comparable procedural images acquired at the point of therapy.

Conclusions
The study demonstrates equivalence of image acquisition and consistent physician interpretation of images acquired by the Ocelot and the Dragonfly OCT systems in-spite of distinct image processing algorithms and catheter configurations. This represents a dramatic shift away from both fluoroscopic imaging and diagnostic-only OCT imaging during peripheral arterial intervention towards therapeutic devices that incorporate real time diagnostic OCT imaging. In the clinical practice, these diagnostic capabilities have translated to best-in-class safety and efficacy for CTO crossing using the Ocelot catheter.
Aflatoxins and Aflatoxigenic Fungal Contamination of Common poultry feed products in Katsina state Nigeria.pdf
Creators: name: Baha'uddeen Salisu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This study was conducted to screen the common poultry feed products sold within Katsina State, Nigeria, for the presence of aflatoxigenic fungi and aflatoxins. A total of 15 poultry feed samples from 3 major producing companies were purchased from retailers, and then cultured for fungal isolation on potato dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with Cycloheximide. Fungal colonies were identified using standard mycological techniques. The samples were further extracted using a methanol-water solvent (v/v) 1:2, and the extracts were analyzed for the presence of aflatoxins using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). A total of 30 fungal isolates comprising Aspergillus spp. (30%), Mucor spp. (30%), Rhodotorula spp. (13.3%), Rhizopus spp. (10%), Saccharomyces spp. (10%), Geotrichum spp. (3.3%) and Endomyces spp. (3.3%) were recovered. The FTIR results showed that 10% of the samples were contaminated by aflatoxins as evidenced by the presence of peaks/wavenumbers specific for aflatoxins’ functional groups in their FTIR spectra (2850 to 3100 cm-1, 1650 to 2000 cm-1, 1670 to 1820 cm-1, 1400 to 1600 cm-1, 1364 to 1369 cm-1 and 1040 to 1050 cm-1, for aromatic –C–H and CH2, in-plane aromatic –CH bending, Carbonyl C=O, aromatic C=C, –CH3 adjacent to epoxy ring, and symmetric stretching of =C–O–C, respectively). The poultry feeds analyzed were contaminated by aflatoxigenic fungi and aflatoxins, in addition to other potentially pathogenic fungi. Therefore, more stringent prevention and control methods are required to reduce the contamination levels, to avoid loss of poultry lives and possible transfer of carcinogenic mycotoxins to humans along the food chain.
РУССКИЕ И УЗБЕКСКИЕ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИНТЕНСИФИКАТОРЫ: СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК
Creators: name: Хушбоков, Бахтияр
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: В статье рассматриваются национально-культурные особенности русских и узбекских фразеологических интенсификаторов. Анализируются их структура, семантика и способы выражения интенсивности действия или качества. Выявляются сходства и различия в употреблении интенсификаторов в обоих языках, отражающие специфику народного мышления, исторического развития и культурных традиций. Исследование показывает, что русские фразеологизмы часто связаны с природными явлениями, религией и сельским бытом, тогда как узбекские – с исламскими традициями, кочевым образом жизни и национальной символикой. Результаты работы способствуют углубленному пониманию межкультурных различий и особенностей фразеологии.
Inference of Ancestral Recombination Graphs through Topological Data Analysis
Creators: name: Camara, Pablo Gonzales
name: Levine, Arnold J.
name: Rabadan, Raul
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Topology--Data processing
subject: Evolution--Mathematical models
subject: Phylogeny
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The recent explosion of genomic data has underscored the need for interpretable and comprehensive analyses that can capture complex phylogenetic relationships within and across species. Recombination, reassortment and horizontal gene transfer constitute examples of pervasive biological phenomena that cannot be captured by tree-like representations. Starting from hundreds of genomes, we are interested in the reconstruction of potential evolutionary histories leading to the observed data. Ancestral recombination graphs represent potential histories that explicitly accommodate recombination and mutation events across orthologous genomes. However, they are computationally costly to reconstruct, usually being infeasible for more than few tens of genomes. Recently, Topological Data Analysis (TDA) methods have been proposed as robust and scalable methods that can capture the genetic scale and frequency of recombination. We build upon previous TDA developments for detecting and quantifying recombination, and present a novel framework that can be applied to hundreds of genomes and can be interpreted in terms of minimal histories of mutation and recombination events, quantifying the scales and identifying the genomic locations of recombinations. We implement this framework in a software package, called TARGet, and apply it to several examples, including small migration between different populations, human recombination, and horizontal evolution in finches inhabiting the Galápagos Islands.
Extending Similarity Measures of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets to General Type-2 Fuzzy Sets
Creators: name: McCulloch, Josie
name: Wagner, Christian
name: Aickelin, Uwe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Similarity measures provide one of the core tools that enable reasoning about fuzzy sets. While many types of similarity measures exist for type-1 and interval type-2 fuzzy sets, there are very few similarity measures that enable the comparison of general type-2 fuzzy sets. In this paper, we introduce a general method for extending existing interval type-2 similarity measures to similarity measures for general type-2 fuzzy sets. Specifically, we show how similarity measures for interval type-2 fuzzy sets can be employed in conjunction with the zSlices based general type-2 representation for fuzzy sets to provide measures of similarity which preserve all the common properties (i.e. reflexivity, symmetry, transitivity and overlapping) of the original interval type-2 similarity measure. We demonstrate examples of such extended fuzzy measures and provide comparisons between (different types of) interval and general type-2 fuzzy measures.
description: International Conference on Fuzzy Systems 2013 (Fuzz-IEEE 2013)
Signal recovery using expectation consistent approximation for linear observations
Creators: name: Kabashima, Yoshiyuki
name: Vehkapera, Mikko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A signal recovery scheme is developed for linear observation systems based on expectation consistent (EC) mean field approximation. Approximate message passing (AMP) is known to be consistent with the results obtained using the replica theory, which is supposed to be exact in the large system limit, when each entry of the observation matrix is independently generated from an identical distribution. However, this is not necessarily the case for general matrices. We show that EC recovery exhibits consistency with the replica theory for a wider class of random observation matrices. This is numerically confirmed by experiments for the Bayesian optimal signal recovery of compressed sensing using random row-orthogonal matrices.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Dolichotis Desmarest 1820
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Caviidae
Dolichotis

description: Dolichotis Desmarest, 1820. J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts Paris, 88:205. COMMENT: Includes Pediolagus; see Starrett, 1967, in Anderson and Jones, p. 263; also see Cabrera, 1961:580, who considered Pediolagus a distinct genus. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410019005000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 573, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
description: {"references": ["Starrett, A. 1967. Hystricoid, erethizontoid, cavioid, and chinchilloid rodents. Pp. 254 - 272, in Recent mammals of the world, a synopsis of families (S. Anderson and J. K. Jones, Jr., eds.). Ronald Press Co., New York, 453 pp."]}
ALMA continuum observations of a 30 Myr old gaseous debris disk around HD 21997
Creators: name: Moór, A.
name: Juhász, A.
name: Kóspál, Á.
name: Ábrahám, P.
name: Apai, D.
name: Csengeri, T.
name: Grady, C.
name: Henning, Th.
name: Hughes, A. M.
name: Kiss, Cs.
name: Pascucci, I.
name: Schmalzl, M.
name: Gabányi, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Circumstellar disks around stars older than 10 Myr are expected to be gas-poor. There are, however, two examples of old (30-40 Myr) debris-like disks containing a detectable amount of cold CO gas. Here we present ALMA and Herschel Space Observatory observations of one of these disks, around HD 21997, and study the distribution and origin of the dust and its connection to the gas. Our ALMA continuum images at 886um clearly resolve a broad ring of emission within a diameter of ~4.5 arcsec, adding HD 21997 to the dozen debris disks resolved at (sub)millimeter wavelengths. Modeling the morphology of the ALMA image with a radiative transfer code suggests inner and outer radii of ~55 and ~150 AU, and a dust mass of 0.09 M_Earth. Our data and modeling hints at an extended cold outskirt of the ring. Comparison with the morphology of the CO gas in the disk reveals an inner dust-free hole where gas nevertheless can be detected. Based on dust grain lifetimes, we propose that the dust content of this gaseous disk is of secondary origin produced by planetesimals. Since the gas component is probably primordial, HD 21997 is one of the first known examples of a hybrid circumstellar disk, a so-far little studied late phase of circumstellar disk evolution.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters, 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 tables (emulateapj style)
National trends in emergency room diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, 2001–2010: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Schissler, Andrew J.
name: Rozenshtein, Anna
name: Schluger, Neil W.
name: Einstein, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Hospitals--Emergency services
Tomography
Pulmonary embolism--Diagnosis
Public health

description: Background:
Little is known about the United States diagnosis and burden of pulmonary embolism (PE) in the emergency department (ED), and their evolution over the past decade. We examined nationally representative data to evaluate factors associated with and trends in ED diagnosis of PE.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study using National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) data from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2010. We identified all ED patient visits where PE was diagnosed and corresponding demographic, hemodynamic, testing and disposition data. Analyses were performed using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression.

Results:
During the study period 988,000 weighted patient visits with diagnosis of PE were identified. Among patients with an ED visit, the likelihood of having a diagnosis of PE per year increased significantly from 2001 to 2010 (odds ratio [OR] 1.091, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.034-1.152, P = 0.002 for trend) when adjusted for demographic and hospital information. In contrast, when further adjusted for the use of computed tomography (CT) among patients in the ED, the likelihood of having a diagnosis of PE per year did not change (OR 1.041, 95% CI 0.987-1.097, P = 0.14). Overall, 75.1% of patients seen with a diagnosis of PE were hemodynamically stable; 86% were admitted with an in-hospital death rate under 3%.

Conclusions:
The proportion of ED visits with a diagnosis of PE increased significantly from 2001 to 2010 and this rise can be attributed in large part to the increased availability and use of CT. Most of these patients were admitted with low in-hospital mortality.

Keywords:

Pulmonary embolism Emergency department Computed Tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography
Dolichotis patagonum
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Caviidae
Dolichotis
Dolichotis patagonum

description: Dolichotis patagonum (Zimmermann, 1780). Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere, 2:328. TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Santa Cruz Prov., Puerto Deseado. DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, approx. 28° S. (Bolson de Pipanco, Catamarca Prov.) to 50° S. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410019005001001 as D. patagona (sic).
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 573, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
Putting menarche and girls into the global population health agenda
Creators: name: Sommer, Marni
name: Sutherland, Carla
name: Chandra-Mouli, Venkatraman
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Adolescence--Health and hygiene
Teenage girls
Menarche
Public health

description: Abstract:
Menarche, the onset of menstruation is a fundamental part of a girl’s transition from childhood to adolescence. Studies show that girls in many countries experience menarche with insufficient information and support. Girls from around the world report feeling ashamed and afraid. The potential health effects of such experiences include a weakening of girls’ sense of self-confidence and competence, which in turn may comprise girls’ abilities to assert themselves in different situations, including in relation to their sexuality and sexual and reproductive health. There is an important need for the public health community to assure that girls receive the education and support they need about menstruation, so they are able to feel more confident about their bodies, and navigate preventable health problems – now and in the future. For too long, the global health community has overlooked the window of opportunity presented by menarche. Family planning programs have generally focused their efforts on married couples and HIV programs have focused safer sex promotion on older adolescent girls and boys. Starting the conversation at menarche with girls in early adolescence would fully use this window of opportunity. It would engage young adolescent girls and be a natural first step for later, more comprehensive conversations about sexuality, reproduction and reproductive health. There are a number of initiatives beginning to tackle the provision of puberty information to girls and boys, but the global health community is overdue to set a global standard for the provision of such guidance.

Keywords:

Menarche Adolescent girls Population health
Dolichotis salinicola
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Caviidae
Dolichotis
Dolichotis salinicola

description: Dolichotis salinicola (Burmeister, 1876). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1875:634. TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, S.W. Catamarca Prov., between Totoralejos and Recreo. DISTRIBUTION: Paraguay; N.W. Argentina; extreme S. Bolivia. COMMENT: Formerly included in Pediolagus; see Starrett, 1967, in Anderson and Jones, p. 263; also see comment under Dolichotis. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410019005002001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 573, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
description: {"references": ["Starrett, A. 1967. Hystricoid, erethizontoid, cavioid, and chinchilloid rodents. Pp. 254 - 272, in Recent mammals of the world, a synopsis of families (S. Anderson and J. K. Jones, Jr., eds.). Ronald Press Co., New York, 453 pp."]}
Supplementary Data (results) from Staring death in the face: chimpanzees' attention towards conspecific skulls and the implications of a face module guiding their behaviour
Creators: name: Gonçalves, André
name: Hattori, Yuko
name: Adachi, Ikuma
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: All model results