cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Influence of the symmetry energy on nuclear pasta in neutron star crusts
Creators: name: Bao, S. S.
name: Shen, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effects of the symmetry energy on nuclear pasta phases and the crust-core transition in neutron stars. We employ the relativistic mean-field approach and the coexisting phases method to study the properties of pasta phases presented in the inner crust of neutron stars. It is found that the slope of the nuclear symmetry energy at saturation density plays an important role in the crust-core transition and pasta phase properties. The correlation between the symmetry energy slope and the crust-core transition density obtained in this study is consistent with those obtained by other methods.
description: 25 pages, 11 figures
Critical transitions in piecewise uniformly continuous concave quadratic ordinary differential equations
Creators: name: Longo, Iacopo P.
name: Núñez, Carmen
name: Obaya, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A critical transition for a system modelled by a concave quadratic scalar ordinary differential equation occurs when a small variation of the coefficients changes dramatically the dynamics, from the existence of an attractor-repeller pair of hyperbolic solutions to the lack of bounded solutions. In this paper, a tool to analyze this phenomenon for asymptotically nonautonomous ODEs with bounded uniformly continuous or bounded piecewise uniformly continuous coefficients is described, and used to determine the occurrence of critical transitions for certain parametric equations. Some numerical experiments contribute to clarify the applicability of this tool.
description: 41 pages, 7 figures
Equivalence classes and local asymptotic normality in system identification for quantum Markov chains
Creators: name: Guta, Madalin
name: Kiukas, Jukka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the problems of identifying and estimating dynamical parameters of an ergodic quantum Markov chain, when only the stationary output is accessible for measurements. On the identifiability question, we show that the knowledge of the output state completely fixes the dynamics up to a `coordinate transformation' consisting of a multiplication by a phase and a unitary conjugation of the Kraus operators. When the dynamics depends on an unknown parameter, we show that the latter can be estimated at the `standard' rate $n^{-1/2}$, and give an explicit expression of the (asymptotic) quantum Fisher information of the output, which is proportional to the Markov variance of a certain `generator'. More generally, we show that the output is locally asymptotically normal, i.e. it can be approximated by a simple quantum Gaussian model consisting of a coherent state whose mean is related to the unknown parameter. As a consistency check we prove that a parameter related to the `coordinate transformation' unitaries, has zero quantum Fisher information.
description: 21 pages, 1 figure
Entanglement Thresholds of Doubly-Parametric Quantum Transducers
Creators: name: Rau, Curtis L.
name: Kyle, Akira
name: Kwiatkowski, Alex
name: Shojaee, Ezad
name: Teufel, John D.
name: Lehnert, Konrad W.
name: Dennis, Tasshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Doubly-parametric quantum transducers, such as electro-opto-mechanical devices, are quickly approaching quantum operation as decoherence mechanisms such as thermal noise, loss, and limited cooperativities are improved. These devices show potential as the critical link between quantum information contained at frequencies as disparate as those in the optical and microwave domains, thus enabling applications such as long distance networking of superconducting quantum computers. However, the requirements on the operating parameters of the transducers necessary to achieve quantum operation have yet to be characterized. In this work we find simple, explicit expressions for the necessary and sufficient conditions under which doubly-parametric transducers in the resolved-sideband, steady-state limit are capable of entangling optical and microwave modes. Our analysis treats the transducer as a two-mode bosonic Gaussian channel capable of both beamsplitter-type and two-mode squeezing-type interactions between optical and microwave modes. For the beamsplitter-type interaction, we find parameter thresholds which distinguish regions of the channel's separability, capacity for bound entanglement, and capacity for distillable entanglement. By contrast, the two-mode squeezing-type interaction always produces distillable entanglement with no restrictions on temperature, cooperativities, or losses. Finally, we find the entanglement breaking conditions on the reduced one-mode upconversion and downconversion channels obtained by initializing the unused input with vacuum while ignoring the unused output. These differences between the entanglement thresholds of the beamsplitter-type and two-mode squeezing-type interactions are then important considerations in the construction of larger quantum networks that integrate multiple transducers.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Processing of thermosensitive biological API from suspension using an integrated continuous granulation – Drying – Milling line into powder ready for tableting
Creators: name: Vass, Panna
name: Domokos, András
name: Pantea, Eszter
name: Szilágyi, Botond
name: Molnár, Mónika
name: Záhonyi, Petra
name: Nagy, Brigitta
name: Nagy, Zsombor Kristóf
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Drying is broadly used to enhance the stability of thermosensitive biologics (for example proteins, probiotics) despite the risk of inadequate product quality after the drying process. Continuous fluidized bed drying is an attractive technology for these active pharmaceutical ingredients owing to the short mean residence time at elevated temperatures, compared to batch-type drying technologies and the possibility to closely monitor and precisely control the process. In this work, an integrated continuous granulation – drying – milling line was used to manufacture granules ready for tableting from a suspension of probiotic bacteria. A mechanistic drying model suitable to predict the product temperature in the dryer and the moisture content of the granules was built. This allowed finding the optimal operating conditions for maximal bacteria load and low residual moisture content in the product, which has the potential to enable direct integration with the tableting unit. A continuous experiment was carried out with the in silico - optimized process parameters. The produced granules had high probiotic content and were suitable for tableting, which demonstrates the usefulness of the model-based process optimization in complex integrated pharmaceutical manufacturing processes.
The Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova Survey
Creators: name: Sako, Masao
name: Bassett, Bruce
name: Becker, Andrew C.
name: Brown, Peter J.
name: Campbell, Heather
name: Cane, Rachel
name: Cinabro, David
name: D'Andrea, Chris B.
name: Dawson, Kyle S.
name: DeJongh, Fritz
name: Depoy, Darren L.
name: Dilday, Ben
name: Doi, Mamoru
name: Filippenko, Alexei V.
name: Fischer, John A.
name: Foley, Ryan J.
name: Frieman, Joshua A.
name: Galbany, Lluis
name: Garnavich, Peter M.
name: Goobar, Ariel
name: Gupta, Ravi R.
name: Hill, Gary J.
name: Hayden, Brian T.
name: Hlozek, Renee
name: Holtzman, Jon A.
name: Hopp, Ulrich
name: Jha, Saurabh W.
name: Kessler, Richard
name: Kollatschny, Wolfram
name: Leloudas, Giorgos
name: Marriner, John
name: Marshall, Jennifer L.
name: Miquel, Ramon
name: Morokuma, Tomoki
name: Mosher, Jennifer
name: Nichol, Robert C.
name: Nordin, Jakob
name: Olmstead, Matthew D.
name: Ostman, Linda
name: Prieto, Jose L.
name: Richmond, Michael
name: Romani, Roger W.
name: Sollerman, Jesper
name: Stritzinger, Max
name: Schneider, Donald P.
name: Smith, Mathew
name: Wheeler, J. Craig
name: Yasuda, Naoki
name: Zheng, Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes the data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II (SDSS-II) Supernova Survey conducted between 2005 and 2007. Light curves, spectra, classifications, and ancillary data are presented for 10,258 variable and transient sources discovered through repeat ugriz imaging of SDSS Stripe 82, a 300 deg2 area along the celestial equator. This data release is comprised of all transient sources brighter than r~22.5 mag with no history of variability prior to 2004. Dedicated spectroscopic observations were performed on a subset of 889 transients, as well as spectra for thousands of transient host galaxies using the SDSS-III BOSS spectrographs. Photometric classifications are provided for the candidates with good multi-color light curves that were not observed spectroscopically. From these observations, 4607 transients are either spectroscopically confirmed, or likely to be, supernovae, making this the largest sample of supernova candidates ever compiled. We present a new method for SN host-galaxy identification and derive host-galaxy properties including stellar masses, star-formation rates, and the average stellar population ages from our SDSS multi-band photometry. We derive SALT2 distance moduli for a total of 1443 SN Ia with spectroscopic redshifts as well as photometric redshifts for a further 677 purely-photometric SN Ia candidates. Using the spectroscopically confirmed subset of the three-year SDSS-II SN Ia sample and assuming a flat Lambda-CDM cosmology, we determine Omega_M = 0.315 +/- 0.093 (statistical error only) and detect a non-zero cosmological constant at 5.7 sigmas.
description: Submitted to ApJS. Full catalogs and datafiles are available here: http://sdssdp62.fnal.gov/sdsssn/DataRelease/index.html
Effects of drying methods on physical properties and morphology of trehalose/mannitol mixtures
Creators: name: Osanlóo, Daniel Tristan
name: Fransson, Jonas
name: Bergenståhl, Björn
name: Millqvist-Fureby, Anna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Solid-state properties of dried protein formulations are important for stability and functionality of the product. This study investigates how different drying technologies (freeze-drying with and without annealing, spray drying and spray-freeze drying) affect the structure and solid-state properties of a set of matrix formulations composed of trehalose (glass former) and mannitol (scaffolding agent) in five ratios. The dried materials were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The morphology of the dried matrix is determined by the drying technology and the composition. In all mixtures, mannitol partially dissolved in the amorphous trehalose, resulting in reduced glass transition temperature. At least 50% mannitol is required to achieve a scaffolding effect through crystallized mannitol. At 25% mannitol poor structural stability is obtained regardless of drying technology. Despite the vast differences in drying kinetics, all drying technologies resulted in similar amorphous content in the dried material.
Coherence properties of high-gain twin beams generated in pump-depletion regime
Creators: name: Allevi, Alessia
name: Jedrkiewicz, Ottavia
name: Brambilla, Enrico
name: Gatti, Alessandra
name: Perina, Jan
name: Haderka, O.
name: Bondani, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Twin-beam coherence properties are analyzed both in the spatial and spectral domains at high-gain regime including pump depletion. The increase of the size of intensity auto- and cross-correlation areas at increasing pump power is replaced by a decrease in the pump depletion regime. This effect is interpreted as a progressive loss in the mode selection occurring at high-gain amplification. The experimental determination of the number of spatio-spectral modes from $g^{(2)} $-function measurements confirms this explanation.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Extracting phase coupling functions between collectively oscillating networks directly from time-series data
Creators: name: Arai, Takahiro
name: Kawamura, Yoji
name: Aoyagi, Toshio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many real-world systems are often regarded as weakly coupled limit-cycle oscillators, in which each oscillator corresponds to a dynamical system with many degrees of freedom that have collective oscillations. One of the most practical methods for investigating the synchronization properties of such a rhythmic system is to statistically extract phase coupling functions between limit-cycle oscillators directly from observed time-series data. In Particular, using a method that combines phase reduction theory and Bayesian inference, the phase coupling functions can be extracted from the time-series data of even just one variable in each oscillatory dynamical system with many degrees of freedom. However, it remains unclear how the choice of the observed variables affects the statistical inference for the phase coupling functions. In this study, we examine the influence of observed variable types on the extraction of phase coupling functions using some typical dynamical elements under various conditions. We demonstrate that our method can consistently extract the macroscopic phase coupling functions between two phases representing collective oscillations in a fully locked state, regardless of the observed variable types; for example, even using one variable of any element in one system and the mean-field value over all the elements in another system. We also study the case of globally coupled phase oscillators in a partially locked state. Our results reveal directional asymmetry in the robustness of extracting the macroscopic phase coupling function between two networks. For instance, when an asynchronous oscillator in network $A$ and the macroscopic collective oscillation of network $B$ is observed, the macroscopic phase coupling function from network $A$ to network $B$ can be extracted more robustly than in the opposite direction.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures
Sequence space representations for translation-modulation invariant function and distribution spaces
Creators: name: Debrouwere, Andreas
name: Neyt, Lenny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46F05, 46A45, 81S30

description: We provide sequence space representations for the test function space $\mathcal{D}_{E}$ and the distribution space $\mathcal{D}^{\prime}_{E}$ associated to a Banach space $E$ belonging to a broad class of translation-modulation invariant Banach spaces of distributions. The spaces $\mathcal{D}_{E}$ and $\mathcal{D}^{\prime}_{E}$ generalize the classical Schwartz spaces $\mathcal{D}_{L^p}$ and $\mathcal{D}^{\prime}_{L^p}$, respectively. Our proof is based on Gabor frame characterizations of $\mathcal{D}_{E}$ and $\mathcal{D}^{\prime}_{E}$, which are also established here and are of independent interest. We recover in a unified way some known sequence space representations as well as obtain several new ones.
description: 17 pages
Scattering Experiments with Microwave Billiards at an Exceptional Point under Broken Time Reversal Invariance
Creators: name: Bittner, S.
name: Dietz, B.
name: Harney, H. L.
name: Miski-Oglu, M.
name: Richter, A.
name: Schäfer, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scattering experiments with microwave cavities were performed and the effects of broken time-reversal invariance (TRI), induced by means of a magnetized ferrite placed inside the cavity, on an isolated doublet of nearly degenerate resonances were investigated. All elements of the effective Hamiltonian of this two-level system were extracted. As a function of two experimental parameters, the doublet and also the associated eigenvectors could be tuned to coalesce at a so-called exceptional point (EP). The behavior of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors when encircling the EP in parameter space was studied, including the geometric amplitude that builds up in the case of broken TRI. A one-dimensional subspace of parameters was found where the differences of the eigenvalues are either real or purely imaginary. There, the Hamiltonians were found PT-invariant under the combined operation of parity (P) and time reversal (T) in a generalized sense. The EP is the point of transition between both regions. There a spontaneous breaking of PT occurs.
A Bayesian generative neural network framework for epidemic inference problems
Creators: name: Biazzo, Indaco
name: Braunstein, Alfredo
name: Dall'Asta, Luca
name: Mazza, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reconstruction of missing information in epidemic spreading on contact networks can be essential in the prevention and containment strategies. The identification and warning of infectious but asymptomatic individuals (i.e., contact tracing), the well-known patient-zero problem, or the inference of the infectivity values in structured populations are examples of significant epidemic inference problems. As the number of possible epidemic cascades grows exponentially with the number of individuals involved and only an almost negligible subset of them is compatible with the observations (e.g., medical tests), epidemic inference in contact networks poses incredible computational challenges. We present a new generative neural networks framework that learns to generate the most probable infection cascades compatible with observations. The proposed method achieves better (in some cases, significantly better) or comparable results with existing methods in all problems considered both in synthetic and real contact networks. Given its generality, clear Bayesian and variational nature, the presented framework paves the way to solve fundamental inference epidemic problems with high precision in small and medium-sized real case scenarios such as the spread of infections in workplaces and hospitals.
description: 30 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
"How Does It Detect A Malicious App?" Explaining the Predictions of AI-based Android Malware Detector
Creators: name: Lu, Zhi
name: Thing, Vrizlynn L. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2; I.5

description: AI methods have been proven to yield impressive performance on Android malware detection. However, most AI-based methods make predictions of suspicious samples in a black-box manner without transparency on models' inference. The expectation on models' explainability and transparency by cyber security and AI practitioners to assure the trustworthiness increases. In this article, we present a novel model-agnostic explanation method for AI models applied for Android malware detection. Our proposed method identifies and quantifies the data features relevance to the predictions by two steps: i) data perturbation that generates the synthetic data by manipulating features' values; and ii) optimization of features attribution values to seek significant changes of prediction scores on the perturbed data with minimal feature values changes. The proposed method is validated by three experiments. We firstly demonstrate that our proposed model explanation method can aid in discovering how AI models are evaded by adversarial samples quantitatively. In the following experiments, we compare the explainability and fidelity of our proposed method with state-of-the-arts, respectively.
Riemannian conjugate gradient methods: General framework and specific algorithms with convergence analyses
Creators: name: Sato, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65K05 (Primary), 90C30, 90C48 (Secondary)

description: This paper proposes a novel general framework of Riemannian conjugate gradient methods, that is, conjugate gradient methods on Riemannian manifolds. The conjugate gradient methods are important first-order optimization algorithms both in Euclidean spaces and on Riemannian manifolds. While various types of conjugate gradient methods are studied in Euclidean spaces, there have been fewer studies on those on Riemannian manifolds. In each iteration of the Riemannian conjugate gradient methods, the previous search direction must be transported to the current tangent space so that it can be added to the negative gradient of the objective function at the current point. There are several approaches to transport a tangent vector to another tangent space. Therefore, there are more variants of the Riemannian conjugate gradient methods than the Euclidean case. In order to investigate them in more detail, the proposed framework unifies the existing Riemannian conjugate gradient methods such as ones utilizing a vector transport or inverse retraction and also develops other methods that have not been covered in previous studies. Furthermore, sufficient conditions for the convergence of a class of algorithms in the proposed framework are clarified. Moreover, the global convergence properties of several specific types of algorithms are extensively analyzed. The analyses provide the theoretical results for some algorithms in a more general setting than the existing studies and completely new developments for the other algorithms. Numerical experiments are performed to confirm the validity of the theoretical results. The results also compare the performances of several specific algorithms in the proposed framework.
description: 32 pages, 2 figures
Abandono
Creators: name: Ferreira Macedo, Edpo Augusto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Direito
Direito Privado
Direito Civil

description: Ato pelo qual o proprietário deixa de exercer seu direito de propriedade sobre uma coisa, com a intenção de renunciar a sua posse e abandoná-la ao domínio público ou a terceiros interessados.
Symmetry and shape coexistence in 10Be
Creators: name: Caprio, M. A.
name: McCoy, A. E.
name: Fasano, P. J.
name: Dytrych, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the low-lying spectrum of 10Be, multiple rotational bands are found, with strikingly different moments of inertia. A proposed interpretation has been that these bands variously represent triaxial rotation and prolate axially-deformed rotation. The bands are well-reproduced in ab initio no-core configuration interaction (NCCI) calculations. We use the calculated wave functions to elucidate the nuclear shapes underlying these bands, by examining the Elliott SU(3) symmetry content of these wave functions. The ab initio results support an interpretation in which the ground-state band, along with an accompanying K=2 side band, represent a triaxial rotor, arising from an SU(3) irreducible representation in the 0 hbar omega space. Then, the lowest excited K=0 band represents a prolate rotor, arising from an SU(3) irreducible representation in the 2 hbar omega space.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures; contribution to the proceedings of the International Workshop "Shapes and Dynamics of Atomic Nuclei: Contemporary Aspects" (SDANCA-21), Sofia, Bulgaria, September 2021; submitted to Bulg. J. Phys
Chirality of Valley Excitons in Monolayer Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Caruso, Fabio
name: Schebek, Maximilian
name: Pan, Yiming
name: Vona, Cecilia
name: Draxl, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By enabling control of valley degrees of freedom in transition-metal dichalcogenides, valley-selective circular dichroism has become a key concept in valleytronics. In this manuscript, we show that valley excitons -- bound electron-hole pairs formed at either the K or K' valleys upon absorption of circularly-polarized light -- are chiral quasiparticles characterized by a finite orbital angular momentum (OAM). We further formulate an ab-initio many-body theory of valley-selective circular dichroism and valley excitons based on the Bethe-Salpeter equation. Beside governing the interaction with circularly polarized light, the OAM confers excitons a finite magnetization which manifests itself through an excitonic Zeeman splitting upon interaction with external magnetic fields. The good agreement between our ab-initio calculations and recent experimental measurements of the exciton Zeeman shifts corroborate this picture.
Proton polarisabilities from Compton data using Covariant Chiral EFT
Creators: name: Lensky, Vadim
name: McGovern, Judith A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a fit of the spin-independent electromagnetic polarisabilities of the proton to low-energy Compton scattering data in the framework of covariant baryon chiral effective field theory. Using the Baldin sum rule to constrain their sum, we obtain $α=[10.6\pm0.25$(stat)$\pm0.2$(Baldin)$\pm0.4$(theory)$]\times10^{-4}$fm$^3$ and $β=[3.2\mp0.25$(stat)$\pm0.2$(Baldin)$\mp0.4$(theory)$]\times10^{-4}$fm$^3$, in excellent agreement with other chiral extractions of the same quantities.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Fully nonlinear elliptic equations on compact manifolds with a flat hyperKähler metric
Creators: name: Gentili, Giovanni
name: Zhang, Jiaogen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B45, 53C26, 35J60, 32W50

description: Mainly motivated by a conjecture of Alesker and Verbitsky, we study a class of fully non-linear elliptic equations on certain compact hyperhermitian manifolds. By adapting the approach of Székelyhidi to the hypercomplex setting, we prove some a priori estimates for solutions to such equations under the assumption of existence of $\mathcal{C}$-subsolutions. In the estimate of the quaternionic Laplacian, we need to further assume the existence of a flat hyperkähler metric. As an application of our results we prove that the quaternionic analogue of the Hessian equation and Monge-Ampère equation for $(n-1)$-plurisubharmonic functions can always be solved on compact flat hyperkähler manifolds.
Role of fluctuations and nonlinearities on field emission nanomechanical self-oscillators
Creators: name: Barois, Thomas
name: Perisanu, S.
name: AYARI, Anthony
name: Purcell, Stephen T.
name: Vincent, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical and experimental description of the threshold, amplitude, and stability of a self-oscillating nanowire in a field emission configuration is presented. Two thresholds for the onset of self-oscillation are identified, one induced by fluctuations of the electromagnetic environment and a second revealed by these fluctuations by measuring the probability density function of the current. The ac and dc components of the current and the phase stability are quantified. An ac to dc ratio above 100% and an Allan deviation of 1.3x10-5 at room temperature can be attained. Finally, it is shown that a simple nonlinear model cannot describe the equilibrium effective potential in the self-oscillating regime due to the high amplitude of oscillations.
Thermodynamics of Black String from Rényi entropy in de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley Massive Gravity Theory
Creators: name: Sriling, Peerawat
name: Nakarachinda, Ratchaphat
name: Wongjun, Pitayuth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT) black string solution is a cylindrically symmetric and static solution of the Einstein field equation with graviton mass term. For the asymptotically de Sitter (dS) solution, it is possible to obtain the black string with two event horizons corresponding to two thermodynamic systems. The Rényi entropy is one of the entropic forms which is suitable to deal with nonextensive properties of the black string. In this work, we investigated the possibility to obtain a stable black string by using the Rényi entropy in both separated and effective approaches. We found that the nonextensivity provides the thermodynamically stable black string with moderate size in both approaches. The transition from the hot gas phase to the moderate-sized stable black string in the separated/effective description is a first-order/zeroth-order phase transition. The significant ways to distinguish the black string from both approaches are discussed.
description: 36 pages, 11 figures, V2 References and comments added
The Gaia Survey Contribution to EChO Target Selection and Characterization
Creators: name: Sozzetti, A.
name: Damasso, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scientific output of the proposed EChO mission (in terms of spectroscopic characterization of the atmospheres of transiting extrasolar planets) will be maximized by a careful selection of targets and by a detailed characterization of the main physical parameters (such as masses and radii) of both the planets and their stellar hosts. To achieve this aim, the availability of high-quality data from other space-borne and ground-based programs will play a crucial role. Here we identify and discuss the elements of the Gaia catalogue that will be of utmost relevance for the selection and characterization of transiting planet systems to be observed by the proposed EChO mission.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy
AutoCast: Scalable Infrastructure-less Cooperative Perception for Distributed Collaborative Driving
Creators: name: Qiu, Hang
name: Huang, Pohan
name: Asavisanu, Namo
name: Liu, Xiaochen
name: Psounis, Konstantinos
name: Govindan, Ramesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Autonomous vehicles use 3D sensors for perception. Cooperative perception enables vehicles to share sensor readings with each other to improve safety. Prior work in cooperative perception scales poorly even with infrastructure support. AutoCast enables scalable infrastructure-less cooperative perception using direct vehicle-to-vehicle communication. It carefully determines which objects to share based on positional relationships between traffic participants, and the time evolution of their trajectories. It coordinates vehicles and optimally schedules transmissions in a distributed fashion. Extensive evaluation results under different scenarios show that, unlike competing approaches, AutoCast can avoid crashes and near-misses which occur frequently without cooperative perception, its performance scales gracefully in dense traffic scenarios providing 2-4x visibility into safety critical objects compared to existing cooperative perception schemes, its transmission schedules can be completed on the real radio testbed, and its scheduling algorithm is near-optimal with negligible computation overhead.
Teichmuller spaces, ergodic theory and global Torelli theorem
Creators: name: Verbitsky, Misha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32G13, 53C26

description: A Teichmüller space $Teich$ is a quotient of the space of all complex structures on a given manifold $M$ by the connected components of the group of diffeomorphisms. The mapping class group $Γ$ of $M$ is the group of connected components of the diffeomorphism group. The moduli problems can be understood as statements about the $Γ$-action on $Teich$. I will describe the mapping class group and the Teichmuller space for a hyperkahler manifold. It turns out that this action is ergodic. We use the ergodicity to show that a hyperkahler manifold is never Kobayashi hyperbolic. This is my ICM submission, with review of some of my work on Teichmuller spaces and moduli; proofs are sketched, new observations and some open problems added.
description: 21 pages, ICM submission
Soft disorder modulates the assembly path of protein complexes
Creators: name: Seoane, Beatriz
name: Carbone, Alessandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The relationship between interactions, flexibility and disorder in proteins has been explored from many angles: folding upon binding, flexibility of the core relative to the periphery, entropy changes, etc. In this work, we provide statistical evidence for the involvement of highly mobile and disordered regions in complex assembly. We ordered the entire set of X-ray crystallographic structures in the PDB into hierarchies of progressive interactions involving identical or very similar protein chains, yielding 40205 hierarchies of complexes with increasing numbers of partners. We then examine them as proxies for the assembly pathways. Using this database, we show that upon oligomerisation, new interfaces tend to be observed at residues that were characterised as softly disordered (flexible, amorphous or missing residues) in the complexes preceding them in the hierarchy. We also rule out the possibility that this correlation is just a surface effect by restricting the analysis to residues on the surface. Interestingly, we find that the location of soft disordered residues in the sequence changes as the number of partners increases. Our results show that there is a general mechanism for protein assembly that involves soft disorder and modulates the way protein complexes are assembled. This work highlights the difficulty of predicting the structure of large protein complexes from sequence and emphasises the importance of linking predictors of disorder to the next generation of predictors of complex structure. Finally, we investigate the relationship between the AF2's confidence metric pLDDT for structure prediction in unbound vs. bound structures, and soft disorder. We show a strong correlation between AF2 low confidence residues and the union of all regions of soft disorder observed in the hierarchy. This paves the way for using the pLDDT metric as a proxy for predicting assembly paths.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures + 3 supplementary figures
Fundamental differences in the properties of red and blue quasars: measuring the reddening and accretion properties with X-shooter
Creators: name: Fawcett, V. A.
name: Alexander, D. M.
name: Rosario, D. J.
name: Klindt, L.
name: Lusso, E.
name: Morabito, L. K.
name: Rivera, G. Calistro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have recently found fundamental differences in the radio properties of red quasars when compared to typical blue quasars. In this paper we use X-shooter data, providing spectral coverage from $\sim 3000-25000$ Ang, of a sample of 40 red and blue luminous quasars at $1.45
description: 33 pages, 23 figures, 6 tables, accepted by MNRAS
Development of Sustainable Building Design in Hong Kong: Exploring Lean Capabilities
Creators: name: Olawumi, Timothy O.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Architectural design
Architecture management
Building construction management and project planning

description: When a building design fails to meet the end-users' requirements after construction, it is regarded as a faulty design. Faulty designs often lead to renovation, demolition, and material waste. The need to implement innovative tools and systems that continuously provide designers with the end-users' design requirements and feedback in the built environment cannot be ignored. This study explores the potentiality of implementing a Lean Premise Design (LPD) scheme in Hong Kong to facilitate sustainability practices, ensure energy conservation, promote innovative green technologies and water efficiency, and reduce abortive works in high- rise residential (HRR) buildings. A comprehensive review of literature on concepts similar to the LPD scheme and sustainability practices in the design and development of high-rise buildings was undertaken. In addition, interviews were adopted to validate the identified barriers and drivers to the LPD scheme. These facilitated the identification of perceived barriers to the LPD scheme adoption in the local context. Furthermore, the relevant drivers that can promote its implementation were examined. The study focused on sustainable building design relating to users' behaviour patterns and expectations, social needs, green maintenance technologies, and government initiatives. About 77% of the experts affirmed the availability of comprehensive building codes and guidelines. Nevertheless, 62% of the experts confirmed the insufficiency of the current regulations to promote sustainable building design. Similarly, the literature review revealed that while there are many sustainable concepts in the development of high-rise buildings, little or none of these concepts focused on LPD.
A simple proof of the Gan-Loh-Sudakov conjecture
Creators: name: Chao, Ting-Wei
name: Dong, Zichao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C35

description: We give a new unified proof that any simple graph on $n$ vertices with maximum degree at most $Δ$ has no more than $a\binom{Δ+1}{t}+\binom{b}{t}$ cliques of size $t \ (t \ge 3)$, where $n = a(Δ+1)+b \ (0 \le b \le Δ)$.
description: 4 pages
Induced vacuum current and magnetic flux in quantum scalar matter in the background of a vortex defect with the Neumann boundary condition
Creators: name: Gorkavenko, V. M.
name: Gorkavenko, T. V.
name: Sitenko, Yu. A.
name: Tsarenkova, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A topological defect in the form of the Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen vortex in a space of arbitrary dimension is considered as a gauge-flux-carrying tube that is impenetrable for quantum matter. Charged scalar matter field is quantized in the vortex background with the perfectly rigid (Neumann) boundary condition imposed at the side surface of the vortex. We show that a current circulating around the vortex is induced in the vacuum, if the Compton wavelength of the matter field exceeds the transverse size of the vortex considerably. The vacuum current is periodic in the value of the gauge flux of the vortex, providing a quantum-field-theoretical manifestation of the Aharonov-Bohm effect. The vacuum current leads to the appearance of an induced vacuum magnetic flux that for some values of the tube thickness exceeds the vacuum magnetic flux induced by a singular vortex filament. The results were compared to the results obtained earlier in the case of the perfectly reflecting (Dirichlet) boundary condition imposed at the side surface of the vortex. It is shown that the absolute value of the induced vacuum current and the induced vacuum magnetic flux in the case of the Neumann boundary condition is greater than in the case of the Dirichlet boundary condition.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
Migration of self-propelling agent in a turbulent environment with minimal energy consumption
Creators: name: Xu, Ao
name: Wu, Hua-Lin
name: Xi, Heng-Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a numerical study of training a self-propelling agent to migrate in the unsteady flow environment. We control the agent to utilize the background flow structure by adopting the reinforcement learning algorithm to minimize energy consumption. We considered the agent migrating in two types of flows: one is simple periodical double-gyre flow as a proof-of-concept example, while the other is complex turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection as a paradigm for migrating in the convective atmosphere or the ocean. The results show that the smart agent in both flows can learn to migrate from one position to another while utilizing background flow currents as much as possible to minimize the energy consumption, which is evident by comparing the smart agent with a naive agent that moves straight from the origin to the destination. In addition, we found that compared to the double-gyre flow, the flow field in the turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection exhibits more substantial fluctuations, and the training agent is more likely to explore different migration strategies; thus, the training process is more difficult to converge. Nevertheless, we can still identify an energy-efficient trajectory that corresponds to the strategy with the highest reward received by the agent. These results have important implications for many migration problems such as unmanned aerial vehicles flying in a turbulent convective environment, where planning energy-efficient trajectories are often involved.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures
Lymphoma segmentation from 3D PET-CT images using a deep evidential network
Creators: name: Huang, Ling
name: Ruan, Su
name: Decazes, Pierre
name: Denoeux, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An automatic evidential segmentation method based on Dempster-Shafer theory and deep learning is proposed to segment lymphomas from three-dimensional Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Computed Tomography (CT) images. The architecture is composed of a deep feature-extraction module and an evidential layer. The feature extraction module uses an encoder-decoder framework to extract semantic feature vectors from 3D inputs. The evidential layer then uses prototypes in the feature space to compute a belief function at each voxel quantifying the uncertainty about the presence or absence of a lymphoma at this location. Two evidential layers are compared, based on different ways of using distances to prototypes for computing mass functions. The whole model is trained end-to-end by minimizing the Dice loss function. The proposed combination of deep feature extraction and evidential segmentation is shown to outperform the baseline UNet model as well as three other state-of-the-art models on a dataset of 173 patients.
description: Preprint submitted to International Journal of Approximate Reasoning
Analysis of performance and robustness against jitter of various search methods for acquiring optical links in space
Creators: name: Hechenblaikner, Gerald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss various methods for acquiring optical links in space using a dedicated acquisition sensor. Statistical models are developed and simple analytical equations derived that compare the performance between a single and dual spiral scan approach as well as between sequential and parallel acquisition of link chains. Simple derived analytical equations allow relating essential search parameters such as track width, variance of the uncertainty distribution, capture radius and scan speed to the probabilities of acquiring the links within a specific time. We also assess the probability of failing to acquire a link due to beam jitter and derive a simple analytical model that allows determining the maximum tolerable jitter for a given beam overlap and required probability of success. All results are validated by Monte Carlo simulations and applied to the concrete example of the GRACE FO mission.
description: 11 pages, two column format, 9pt font
Search for type-III seesaw heavy leptons in leptonic final states in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for the pair production of heavy leptons as predicted by the type-III seesaw mechanism is presented. The search uses proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to 139 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded by the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis focuses on final states with three or four electrons or muons from the possible decays of new heavy leptons via intermediate electroweak bosons. No significant deviations above the Standard Model expectation are observed; upper and lower limits on the heavy lepton production cross-section and masses are derived respectively. These results are then combined for the first time with the ones already published by ATLAS using the channel with two leptons in the final state. The observed lower limit on the mass of the type-III seesaw heavy leptons combining two, three and four lepton channels together is 910 GeV at the 95% confidence level.
description: 44 pages in total, author list starting page 28, 9 figures, 4 tables, published in EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2020-02