cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Unveiling Order behind Complexity: Coexistence of Ferromagnetism and Bose-Einstein Condensation
Creators: name: Batista, C. D.
name: Ortiz, G.
name: Gubernatis, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an algebraic framework for identifying the order parameter and the possible phases of quantum systems that is based on identifying the local dimension $N$ of the quantum operators and using the SU(N) group representing the generators of generalized spin-particle mappings. We illustrate this for $N$=3 by presenting for any spatial dimension the exact solution of the bilinear-biquadratic $S$=1 quantum Heisenberg model at a high symmetry point. Through this solution we rigorously show that itinerant ferromagnetism and Bose-Einstein condensation may coexist.
description: 5 pages, 1 psfigure
GMU Korea: Challenges And Innovations
Creators: name: Hook, Gail
name: Crist, John
name: Nicolaides, Vias
name: Wrigglesworth, Alice
name: Kiffer, Jason
name: Muir, Janette
Publisher: name: Innovations in Teaching & Learning Conference Proceedings
Year: 2019

description: Location: Engineering Building 2903 NOTE: This is a co-located workshop, meaning that it is open to both ITL attendees and the broader Mason community. You do not have to be registered for the conference to attend this session. Some of our faculty are experienced international teachers, while some of us are experienced faculty but new to the international venue. We have learned from each other about a variety of issues, such as Korean student and parent expectations, English language challenges, the use of technology in teaching long-distance research, and the wide range of student preparation coming into college. Our students include mostly Korean, but also American, European, Indian, and others. We will discuss how we provide an American college experience while accommodating Korean traditions and Korean student and parent expectations. This panel will discuss these and other issues, and then take questions from the audience. The purpose of this panel is to share the challenges and successes of teaching at GMU Korea and share information about how Mason faculty can apply to teach on the Mason Korea campus.
description: Innovations in Teaching & Learning Conference Proceedings, Vol 11 (2019): Teaching the Whole Student
Exact quantum states for the diagonal Bianchi type IX model with negative cosmological constant
Creators: name: Paternoga, Robert
name: Graham, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum states of the diagonal Bianchi type IX model with negative cosmological constant $Λ$ are obtained by transforming the Chern-Simons solution in Ashtekar's variables to the metric representation. We apply our method developed earlier for $Λ>0$ and obtain five linearly independent solutions by using the complete set of topologically inequivalent integration contours in the required generalized Fourier-transformation. A caustic in minisuperspace separates two Euclidean regimes at small and large values of the scale parameter from a single classically interpretable Lorentzian regime in between, corresponding to the fact that classically these model-Universes recollapse. Just one particular solution out of the five we find gives a normalizable probability distribution on both branches of the caustic. However, in contrast to the case of positive cosmological constant, this particular solution neither satisfies the semi-classical no-boundary condition, nor does the special initial condition it picks out for $\hbar \to 0$ evolve into a classically interpretable Universe.
description: 10 pages, Revtex, 8 figures included, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Pepsis plutus Erichson
Creators: name: Kurczewski, Frank E.
name: West, Rick C.
name: Waichert, Cecilia
name: Pitts, James P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Pompilidae
Pepsis
Pepsis plutus

description: Pepsis plutus Erichson
 FRENCH GUIANA: Saül; 3 May 2020; W. Knaepen. Host: Phoneutria fera Perty (Ctenidae), adult or subadult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed Brazilian wandering spider backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping the base of its right chelicera with her mandibles (Fig. 10; Knaepen 2020).
description: Published as part of Kurczewski, Frank E., West, Rick C., Waichert, Cecilia & Pitts, James P., 2022, Additional new and unusual host records for Western Hemisphere spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae), pp. 1-32 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (928) on page 5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6533498
Leveraging Course Evaluations To Empower Students And Improve Teaching
Creators: name: Zylstra, Alexandria
name: Hathaway, Jennifer
name: Roman-Mendoza, Esperanza
Publisher: name: Innovations in Teaching & Learning Conference Proceedings
Year: 2019

description: Location: JC Room D Course evaluations, in recent decades, have been used increasingly for the purpose of high-stakes employment decisions, such as promotion, salary and re-hire. Research, however, clearly indicates that such forms, often biased, are best utilized as a snapshot of student impressions of teaching, and are, thus, best used as a means of formative, not summative assessment. Due to this misuse/misunderstanding of the form, faculty are missing the opportunity to utilize student-centered evaluative methods to gain insight into student perceptions of learning. Faculty generally dread looking at their course evaluation results. Low ratings may mean no salary increase, no promotion, or, even, termination. Even when ratings are high, instructors are well aware that course evaluations results are frequently biased by factors such as race, gender, age, grade expectation, course subject, number of respondents, level of instruction, type of course (required vs. elective), and enjoyment of course (Boring, Ottoboni & Stark 2016; Kornell & Hausman 2016; Ray, Babb and Wooten 2018). This roundtable discusses a series of possible measures to address this problem. It presents the results of the work by the Mason Effective Teaching Committee of revising the current course evaluation form. The presentation focuses on the research suggesting ways to use both the course evaluation form, as well as other measures, to obtain valuable information about student learning. These changes go beyond creating and validating a set of new items for the institutional form. They also require a cultural shift in understanding how student perceptions of their own learning can be utilized as an important formative tool, rather than merely a summative tool. In particular, the presentation describes the process followed by the committee to create new items and re-word old ones in order to shift the focus from the instructor to the student. Also, it discusses how the committee consulted with students to make sure that items were comprehensible, as well as with all stakeholders at Mason and statisticians for test reliability and validity purposes. Last, and most importantly, this roundtable discusses a series of recommendations at the instructor, program, and university levels needed for this cultural shift to happen. Boring, A., Ottoboni, K. & Stark, P. B. 2016. Student evaluations of teaching (mostly) do not measure teaching effectiveness. ScienceOpen Research. DOI: 10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-EDU.AETBZC.v1.
description: Innovations in Teaching & Learning Conference Proceedings, Vol 11 (2019): Teaching the Whole Student
On Nahm's transformation with twisted boundary conditions
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Arroyo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following two different tracks, we arrive at a definition of Nahm's transformation valid for self-dual fields on the 4-dimensional torus with non-zero twist tensor.The transform is again a self-dual gauge field defined on a new torus and with non-zero twist tensor. It preserves the property of being an involution.
description: 18 pages
Modeling - Data and Scripts - Depressive symptoms are associated with blunted reward learning in social contexts
Creators: name: Safra, Lou
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Matlab Scripts used for modeling presented in Depressive symptoms are associated with blunted reward learning in social contexts
Neural and Ocular Signals Evoked by Visual Targets in Naturalistic Environments
Creators: Jangraw, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biomedical engineering
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: This dissertation will use neural imaging, eye-tracking, machine learning, and system development to elucidate the process of visual decision-making in environments that simulate important elements of a human's natural experience. This "naturalistic visual decision-making" represents a relatively unexplored space in neuroscience: while the simplest reductions of visual decision-making are well studied, many of the complexities of natural environments - rich visual scenes, dynamic views, and subject agency - are absent in all but a few experiments. In this dissertation, we first characterize the effects of discrete evidence accumulation, an important element of processing complex stimuli, on visual decision-making. Next, we construct an experimental design environment to facilitate controlled studies of naturalistic visual decision-making. Finally, we develop a system that can apply our newfound understanding of naturalistic visual decision-making, test it in the experimental design environment, and leverage it into a practical BCI system. Taken together, these studies explore new avenues in neuroscience, machine learning, and application development.
The County of Sussex in 1910: Sources for a New Analysis
Creators: name: Short, Brian
name: Reed, Mick
name: Caudwell, William
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2021

description: Sussex Archaeological Collections, 125, 199-224
description: The potential of the documents relating to the Lloyd George Finance (1909-10) Act, 1910, has not yet been realized. This paper describes the background to the material and the structure of the documentation, and then goes on to show how this might be used in a Sussex setting. Two case studies (one urban, one rural) are given, from Horsham in West Sussex and from the Ashburnham estate in East Sussex.
Neural Mechanisms of Social Evaluative Threat
Creators: Spicer, Julie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cognitive psychology
subject: Neural circuitry
subject: Stress (Psychology)
subject: Threat (Psychology)

description: Though the scientific study of stress is relatively new, not even one hundred years old, there has been robust inquiry and discovery in stress research since its instantiation.  Yet, many unanswered questions remain on how specific stressors impact the mind, brain and body.  Social threat is a pervasive form of stress for species that are organized in social hierarchies, like humans and some animals.  Social evaluative threat (SET), occurring when there is potential for negative evaluation or rejection from others, is a pervasive and important form of stress in humans having many links to stress-related physiological outcomes which in turn have important implications for health outcomes.  The brain is a critical component in the mind-brain-body-health connection, but less is known about SET at the neural level.
      Here in this thesis, there are three studies that characterize the neural circuitry that responds to SET. Using a novel imaging technique, arterial spin labeling, Study 1 asks whether SET-related brain circuitry is modulated by a SET-related trait level vulnerability, Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE). Overall, Study 1 replicated previous work by showing SET-related reactivity in the left pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, right ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) and medial periaqueductal gray and extended previous work by showing that changes in the left vMPFC and the right thalamus were predicted by FNE. Using blood oxygenation level-dependent imaging (BOLD), Study 2 asks whether SET influences the brain circuitry on which the formation of relational episodic memory relies.  With the use of mediation analysis, it was found that SET impaired relational episodic memory, and that the impairment was a function of activity in the right parahippocampal cortex and bilateral vMPFC. Using BOLD imaging, Study 3 asks whether SET influences the brain circuitry that subserves working memory (WM).   With the use of mediation analysis, it was found that SET impaired WM, and that the impairment was a function of activity in bilateral intraparietal sulcus.   Links between mind, brain, body and health are discussed throughout this work.
Dynamics of a Simple Quantum System in a Complex Environment
Creators: name: Bulgac, Aurel
name: DoDang, Gui
name: Kusnezov, Dimitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory for the dynamical evolution of a quantum system coupled to a complex many-body intrinsic system/environment. By modelling the intrinsic many-body system with parametric random matrices, we study the types of effective stochastic models which emerge from random matrix theory. Using the Feynman-Vernon path integral formalism, we derive the influence functional and obtain either analytical or numerical solutions for the time evolution of the entire quantum system. We discuss thoroughly the structure of the solutions for some representative cases and make connections to well known limiting results, particularly to Brownian motion, Kramers classical limit and the Caldeira-Leggett approach.
description: 41 pages and 12 figures in revtex
Neural mechanisms for sensory prediction in a cerebellum-like structure
Creators: Requarth, Timothy William
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Any animal must be able to predict and cancel the sensory consequences of its own movements to avoid ambiguity in the origin of sensory input. Theoretical and human behavioral studies suggest that nervous systems contain internal models that use copies of outgoing motor signals along with incoming sensory feedback to predict the consequences of movements. Many studies propose the cerebellum as one possible site of such internal models. Yet whether such an internal model exists and how such an internal model might be implemented in neural circuits is largely speculative. Early work in cerebellum-like structures of mormyrid fish identified neural mechanisms of sensory predictions at the levels of synapses, cells, and circuits, and successfully linked those mechanisms to the systems-level function--the cancellation of electrosensory input due to the fish's own behavior. However, those early studies were restricted to predicting and cancelling the electrosensory consequences of relatively simple and rather specialized electromotor behavior. The research described here takes an in vivo electrophysiological approach to generalize the previous work in mormyrid fish to the more ubiquitous problem of predicting and cancelling the sensory consequences of movements.  First, I demonstrate that neurons in the electrosensory lobe of weakly electric mormyrid fish generate predictions at the cellular level, termed negative images, about the sensory consequences of the fish's own movements based on ascending spinal corollary discharge signals. Second, I examine the interactions between corollary discharge and proprioceptive feedback under conditions that simulate real movements. Using experiments and modeling, I show that plasticity acting on random, nonlinear mixtures of corollary discharge and proprioceptive signals can account for key properties of negative images observed in vivo. Mossy fibers originating in the spinal cord carry randomly mixed, though linear, corollary discharge and proprioceptive signals, while properties of granule cells observed in vivo are consistent with a nonlinear re-coding of these signals. The conclusion of these studies is that both corollary discharge and proprioception, in combination with an associative neural network endowed with synaptic plasticity, provide a powerful and flexible basis for solving the ubiquitous problems of predicting the sensory consequences of movements.
Weyl points created by a three-dimensional flat band
Creators: name: Zhou, Yinong
name: Jin, Kyung-Hwan
name: Huang, Huaqing
name: Wang, Zhengfei
name: Liu, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following the discovery of topological insulators (TIs), topological Dirac/Weyl semimetal has attracted much recent interest. A prevailing mechanism for the formation of Weyl points is by breaking time-reversal symmetry (TRS) or spatial inversion symmetry of a Dirac point. Here we demonstrate a generic formation mechanism for Weyl points by breaking TRS of a three-dimensional (3D) TI featured with highly degenerate 3D flat bands (FBs). It is in direct contrast to the conventional view that breaking TRS of a 2D/3D TI leads to a Chern insulator exhibiting quantum anomalous Hall effect. Based on a tight-binding model of pyrochlore lattice, we show that this unusual 3D-FB-enabled Weyl state may contain only a minimum of two Weyl points. Furthermore, using first-principles calculations, we identify this Weyl state in a real material Sn$_2$Nb$_2$O$_7$. The main features of the resulting Weyl points are analyzed with respect to symmetry, topological invariant and surface state. Our finding sheds new light on our fundamental understanding of topological physics and significantly extends the scope of Weyl semimetals to attract immediate experimental interest.
Real fermion modes, impurity entropy, and nontrivial fixed points in the phase diagram of junctions of interacting quantum wires and topological superconductors
Creators: name: Giuliano, Domenico
name: Affleck, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss how to extend the impurity entropy to systems with boundary interactions depending on zero-mode real fermion operators (Majorana modes as well as Klein factors). As specific applications of our method, we consider a junction between N interacting quantum wires and a topological superconductor, as well as a Y-junction of three spinless interacting quantum wires. In addition we find a remarkable correspondence between the N=2 topological superconductor junction and the Y-junction. On one hand, this allows us to determine the range of the system parameters in which a stable phase of the N=2 junction is realized as a nontrivial, finite-coupling fixed point corresponding to the M-fixed point in the phase diagram of the Y-junction. On the other hand, it enables us to show the occurrence of a novel "planar" finite-coupling fixed point in the phase diagram of the Y-junction. Eventually, we discuss how to set the system's parameters to realize the correspondence.
description: 54 pages, 3 .eps figures. Accepted version
Neural mechanisms for sparse, informative and background-invariant coding of vocalizations
Creators: Schneider, David Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: To efficiently process natural environments, many species have sensory systems that selectively encode behaviorally relevant information. Vocal communicators such as humans and songbirds rely on their auditory systems to recognize vocalizations and to extract vocalizations from complex auditory scenes. Yet many of the neural correlates of these perceptual abilities remain poorly understood. In this dissertation, I describe neural mechanisms by which the songbird auditory system produces sparse, informative and background-invariant neural representations of vocalizations. First, I show that auditory midbrain neurons encode vocalizations differently than other complex sounds, and that subthreshold excitation and inhibition may facilitate stimulus-dependent encoding of vocalizations. Second, I show that the responses of individual midbrain neurons can be unreliable, and that pooling the responses of correlated and similarly tuned neurons facilitates the neural discrimination of vocalizations. Third, I show that sparse coding neurons in the songbird forebrain extract individual vocalizations from auditory scenes at signal-to-noise ratios that match behavior. Lastly, I show that a simple neural circuit of delayed inhibition transforms a dense and background-sensitive neural representation into a sparse and background-invariant representation, in as little as one synapse. Together, these findings illuminate previously unknown mechanisms for selective vocalization coding, suggest a behaviorally relevant role for the ubiquitous phenomenon of sparse neural coding, and provide a neural correlate for the perceptual extraction of vocalizations from complex auditory scenes.
Finite Action Yang-Mills Solutions on the Group Manifold
Creators: name: Dereli, T
name: Schray, J
name: Tucker, Robin W
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the left (and right) invariant Maurer-Cartan forms for any semi-simple Lie group enable one to construct solutions of the Yang-Mills equations on the group manifold equipped with the natural Cartan-Killing metric. For the unitary unimodular groups the Yang-Mills action integral is finite for such solutions. This is explicitly exhibited for the case of $SU(3)$.
description: 10 pages LaTeX (REVTeX3.0, No Figures), To appear in J. Physics A: Mathematical and General
title: Diagnosing Fungal Infection in Wheat Kernels by Integrating Spectroscopic Technology and Digital Color Imaging System: Artificial Neural Network, Principal Component Analysis and Correlation Feature Selection Techniques
Creators: name: Zohrabi, Saman
name: Seiiedlou, Seyed Sadegh
name: Golpour, Iman
name: Lefsrud, Mark
name: Guiné, Raquel P. F.
name: Sturm, Barbara
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: artificial neural network (ANN)
subject: correlation feature selection method (CFS)
subject: fungi infection
subject: principal component analysis (PCA)
subject: spectroscopy technique
subject: wheat
subject: 660 Chemische Verfahrenstechnik und verwandte Technologien

description: Contamination of cereal grain, especially wheat, with fungal infections can cause significant economic impacts and it endangers the health of humans and livestock. This study aims to appraise the UV/VIS–NIR and digital color (RGB) imaging systems and spectroscopic methodology to detect wheat kernels infected by fungi such as Penicillium expansum and Fusarium graminearum . NIR spectra of 190–1100 nm at 10 nm intervals, visible color reflectance images and non‐visible reflectance images of wheat kernels in the ultraviolet and near‐infrared ranges were applied to develop the multi‐layer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network model. The optimum wavelengths were selected by application of the principal component analysis (PCA) after preprocessing the raw spectra. A confusion matrix was used in the correlation feature selection method (CFS) for the decision tree classifier of selected features. The results showed that the four UV wavelengths of 310, 330, 400, and 410 nm were the best wavelengths using PCA to distinguish healthy and unhealthy wheat kernels. Considering the intensity of the wavelengths as the neural network inputs, samples were classified into healthy and unhealthy categories with an accuracy of 90.9%. Also, 18 features of color images in RGB, LAB, HSV, HSI, YCbCr, and YIQ spaces provided the highest average accuracy of 44.4% in classifying healthy and infected wheat kernels by using a CCD Proline camera in the ultraviolet range. In contrast, other cameras in the visible and invisible range showed low accuracy. Furthermore, the best classification accuracy of the healthy and infected samples by the use of the CFS method was obtained at 88.1%. Based on the findings, spectroscopic methodology proved to be highly effective for detecting, classifying and automatic cleaning of various agricultural seeds, with a particular emphasis on wheat kernals.
Overview of best practices for surface erosion protection and sediment control for the development phase of surface mining for coal in northeast British Columbia
Creators: name: Sloat, M.
name: Redden, R. J.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Planning for surface erosion protection and sediment control for the development phase of recently developed surface coal mines in northeast BC has become an important part of the environmental management systems for these projects. Development of a surface mine involves significant land disturbance that typically results in increased rates of erosion and sedimentation. Planning to mitigate this impact must be proactive and integrated. The primary components of proactive planning for surface erosion protection and sediment control are completing assessments of soils and conducting overview hydrology assessments of potential surface and near-surface seepage areas. This information can be used to identify areas of higher risk for erosion and sediment generation and can be used to design a mine development plan that avoids or minimizes development of such areas if possible. Where development is unavoidable, this information can be used to design effective best practices for mitigating potential impacts resulting from a proposed mine development activity. Approaches for planning, developing, and implementing effective best practices for surface erosion protection and sediment control are presented in this paper. Examples of on the ground best practices are also provided.
Determining the efficiency of converting magnetar spin-down energy into gamma-ray burst X-ray afterglow emission and its possible implications
Creators: name: Xiao, Di
name: Dai, Zi-Gao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plateaus are common in X-ray afterglows of gamma-ray bursts. Among a few scenarios for the origin of them, the leading one is that there exists a magnetar inside and persistently injects its spin-down energy into an afterglow. In previous studies, the radiation efficiency of this process is assumed to be a constant $\gtrsim0.1$, which is quite simple and strong. In this work we obtain the efficiency from a physical point of view and find that this efficiency strongly depends on the injected luminosity. One implication of this result is that those X-ray afterglow light curves which show steeper temporal decay than $t^{-2}$ after the plateau phase can be naturally understood now. Also, the braking indexes deduced from afterglow fitting are found to be larger than those in previous studies, which are more reasonable for newborn magnetars.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted by ApJ
Feasibility of Gathering Plain Rural Type towards Sustainable Development in Guilan Province, Iran
Creators: name: Hasjin, Nasrollah Molaei
name: Pourramzan, Eisa
name: Hasjin, Nasrollah Molaei
name: Pourramzan, Eisa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: experts
subject: feasibility
subject: gathering
subject: Guilan plains
subject: rural type
subject: sustainable development

description: The gathering of rural type in Guilan plains is a kind of planning for physical development of rural settlements that aims at changing dwellers' lifestyle from a dispersed to a semidispersed state. This change will reduce the problems and difficulties of villages. In addition, it is an optimal way to exploit the resources and facilities for making a desirable spatial organization for villagers’ settlement in rural areas, which in turn provides a favorable condition for the development of a new pattern of settlement. The results of this study suggest that experts’ point of view toward gathering of plain rural types in Guilan province is positive and it can have significant role in alleviating the problems and difficulties of the villages. Also, optimal exploitation of space and achieving rural sustainable development are other side effects of this plan. Because of the low level of information, prominent culture, cultural obstacles and the lack of clear rules and regulations in this field are the main obstacles to run this plan in a short-term period. Given these limitations, the process of gathering plain rural type, then, requires the governmental support, the use of experts in rural development planning, as well as villagers’ cooperation.
Pepsis completa Smith 1855
Creators: name: Kurczewski, Frank E.
name: West, Rick C.
name: Waichert, Cecilia
name: Pitts, James P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Pompilidae
Pepsis
Pepsis completa

description: Pepsis completa Smith
BRAZIL: São Paulo State, Salto, Parque de Lavras; 21 October 2015; C. Carlinhos. Host: Unidentified species (Pycnothelidae), adult or subadult female [det. R. Bertani]. The wasp grasped the immobilized spider by the base of its left hindfemur with her mandibles as it laid ventral side upward on the ground. She also stood next to the paralyzed spider as it laid on the ground on its left side (Carlinhos 2015a, 2015b).
BRAZIL: Sergipe State, Ribeirópolis; 21 November 2021; Í. Lorran. Host: Unidentified genus/species (Nemesiidae), adult or subadult female. A series of photographs shows the wasp examining the paralyzed funnel-web trapdoor spider with her antennae as it laid on its right side on the ground (Lorran 2021)
description: Published as part of Kurczewski, Frank E., West, Rick C., Waichert, Cecilia & Pitts, James P., 2022, Additional new and unusual host records for Western Hemisphere spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae), pp. 1-32 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (928) on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6533498
title: Schweizerische Wochenschrift für Chemie und Pharmacie 40. Jahrgang 1902
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Orell Füssli
Year: 1902
Subjects: subject: 615

description: Schweizerische Wochenschrift für Chemie und Pharmacie 1892 - 1913, vol. 40. 1902
title: Functional interdependence of the actin regulators CAP1 and cofilin1 in control of dendritic spine morphology
Creators: name: Heinze, Anika
name: Schuldt, Cara
name: Khudayberdiev, Sharof
name: Van Bommel, Bas
name: Hacker, Daniela
name: Schulz, Toni G.
name: Stringhi, Ramona
name: Marcello, Elena
name: Mikhaylova, Marina
name: Rust, Marco B.
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Actin dynamics
subject: Actin turnover
subject: Synaptic actin
subject: Synaptic plasticity
subject: Postsynaptic density
subject: 570 Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The vast majority of excitatory synapses are formed on small dendritic protrusions termed dendritic spines. Dendritic spines vary in size and density that are crucial determinants of excitatory synaptic transmission. Aberrations in spine morphogenesis can compromise brain function and have been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Actin filaments (F-actin) are the major structural component of dendritic spines, and therefore, actin-binding proteins (ABP) that control F-actin dis-/assembly moved into the focus as critical regulators of brain function. Studies of the past decade identified the ABP cofilin1 as a key regulator of spine morphology, synaptic transmission, and behavior, and they emphasized the necessity for a tight control of cofilin1 to ensure proper brain function. Here, we report spine enrichment of cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1), a conserved multidomain protein with largely unknown physiological functions. Super-resolution microscopy and live cell imaging of CAP1-deficient hippocampal neurons revealed impaired synaptic F-actin organization and dynamics associated with alterations in spine morphology. Mechanistically, we found that CAP1 cooperates with cofilin1 in spines and that its helical folded domain is relevant for this interaction. Moreover, our data proved functional interdependence of CAP1 and cofilin1 in control of spine morphology. In summary, we identified CAP1 as a novel regulator of the postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton that is essential for synaptic cofilin1 activity.
Quantum gravity as an emergent phenomenon
Creators: name: De, Shounak
name: Singh, Tejinder P.
name: Varma, Abhinav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There ought to exist a reformulation of quantum theory which does not depend on classical time. To achieve such a reformulation, we introduce the concept of an atom of space-time-matter (STM). An STM atom is a classical non-commutative geometry, based on an asymmetric metric, and sourced by a closed string. Different such atoms interact via entanglement. The statistical thermodynamics of a large number of such atoms gives rise, at equilibrium, to a theory of quantum gravity. Far from equilibrium, where statistical fluctuations are large, the emergent theory reduces to classical general relativity. In this theory, classical black holes are far-from-equilibrium low entropy states, and their Hawking evaporation represents an attempt to return to the (maximum entropy) equilibrium quantum gravitational state.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, Essay written for the Gravity Research Foundation 2019 Awards for Essays on Gravitation. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1903.05402; v2: this essay is a significantly condensed version of arXiv:1903.05402, Ref. 2 updated, Honorable Mention, to appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys
Neural network models of decision making with learning on multiple timescales
Creators: Iigaya, Kiyohito
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Animals can quickly learn to make appropriate decisions according to their environment that can change over a wide range of timescales. Yet the neural computation underling the adaptive decision making is not well understood. To investigate basic computational principles and neural mechanisms, here we study simple neural network models for decision making with learning on multiple timescales, and we test our model's predictions in experimental data. We provide basic network models for value-based decision making under uncertainty.
Are there phase transitions in information space?
Creators: name: Oppenheim, Jonathan
name: Horodecki, Michal
name: Horodecki, Ryszard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay between two basic quantities -- quantum communication and information -- is investigated. Quantum communication is an important resource for quantum states shared by two parties and is directly related to entanglement. Recently, the amount of local information that can be drawn from a state has been shown to be closely related to the non-local properties of the state. Here we consider both formation and extraction processes, and analyze informational resources as a function of quantum communication. The resulting diagrams in information space allow us to observe phase-like transitions when correlations become classical.
description: 4 pages, 3 epsi figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
title: Realizing collective action in agency-constrained contexts: the case of the Community Fish Refuges in Cambodia
Creators: name: Baldivieso Soruco, Carla Rene
name: De Silva, Sanjiv
name: Gleich, Pia
name: Yan, Yin
name: Dubois, Mark
name: Sieber, Stefan
name: Bonatti, Michelle
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: collective action
subject: Critical Institutionalism
subject: common-pool resource management
subject: social ecological systems
subject: sustainable livelihoods
subject: 333.7 Landflächen, Naturräume für Freizeit und Erholung, Naturreservate, Energie

description: In rural Cambodia, inland freshwater and rice field fisheries are key sources of income, animal protein, and important ecosystem services. As the flood pulse in the Tonlé Sap floodplain recedes post-monsoon, leaving rice fields and local water bodies dry, Community Fish Refuges (CFRs) offer a promising path to sustain dry season fish stocks, aquatic biodiversity, and secure water for agriculture and husbandry. Their sustained physical integrity and productivity as multiple-use systems hinge on communities’ ability to manage these systems collectively. To explore whether the studied communities have been able to respond to the challenge of collectively governing CFR, we investigate two CFR sites that were established in 2016 by local and international organizations alongside State authorities. Our aim is to investigate two key aspects: 1) the presence, extent, and efficacy of community-level collective action (CA) for managing CFRs; and 2) the factors that either facilitate or inhibit CA regarding CFRs. We conducted a qualitative case study between March and May 2023 at two sites in Kampong Thom Province. These were selected because while they have similar ecological features, they show different management results according to the implementing international organization WorldFish. This paper delves into a process guided by external agents seeking to reshape local behavior and existing institutional frameworks. Results show how centralized power structures and entrenched rural patronage politics in villages limit villagers’ participation and agency in CFRs management. Villagers encounter constraints hindering their capacity to instigate change, prompting a re-evaluation of the CFR Committee’s composition and operation to ensure broader legitimacy among actors. While emphasizing extended project funding and informed external intervention strategies, the study underscores doubts about short-term CA feasibility. It highlights the critical influence of contextual factors and policymakers’ assumptions in achieving effective collective governance. Structural factors and the deeply human process of pulling together a plurality of stakeholders pose challenges to establishing community-based projects prioritizing diverse voices.
Spirited and Intelligent Farmers': The Arthur Youngs and the Board of Agriculture's Reports on Sussex, 1793 and 1808
Creators: name: Farrant, John H
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2021

description: Sussex Archaeological Collections, 130, 200-212
description: The General view of the agriculture of the County of Sussex, by the Reverend Arthur Young, best known in the reprint of 1813, had a long gestation. The original report to the Board of Agriculture, printed in 1793 and based mainly on a tour earlier that year, was extensively rewritten in 1796- 98 under the patronage of the Earl of Egremont. ln 1806-7 the author's father, the famed Arthur Young, finalised the manuscript for publication in 1808; he had strongly influenced the original report and the revised report drew on his tours in Sussex in 1788-92. The reports are placed in the context of the Board's history; the farmers whose practices were cited are identified; and the reports' shortcomings are discussed.
Neurodevelopmental risks for bipolar disorder
Creators: Freedman, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Public health
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: This dissertation aims to add to the growing literature on the risks and mechanisms in early life that may be associated with later bipolar disorder (BP), expanding the understanding of when and why divergences from typical developmental course occur in BP, if they do. To do so, it utilizes prospectively obtained, serologically documented prenatal biomarkers and clinically documented prenatal and perinatal risk factors, as well as premorbid measures of neurocognitive functioning, in a well-defined birth cohort followed up for BP. This offers a unique opportunity to test some of the evidence as to whether BP is a neurodevelopmental illness. The first paper is a systematic literature review of the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of BP. This review focuses on three developmental time points: prenatal and perinatal exposures, premorbid and prodromal symptom development, and neurocognitive functioning prior to onset. The second paper focuses on two specific putative prenatal and perinatal risk factors for BP: T. gondii and oxytocin to induce labor. The third paper assesses cognition, using both the BP case-control study and the full birth cohort to assess risks for BP and the potential that cognitive impairment reflects a mediator or endophenotype of later BP. Taken as a whole, the findings suggest support for the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of BP and indicate some potentially specific risks for BP.
title: Zeitschrift des Allgemeinen Österreichischen Apothekervereines 37. Jahrgang 1899
title: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pharmacie 53. Jahrgang
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Allgemeiner Österreichischer Apothekerverein
Year: 1899
Subjects: subject: 615

description: Zeitschrift des Allgemeinen Österreichischen Apothekervereines: 1. 1863 - 37. 1899, vol. 37. 1899
SAR Analysis of Directive Antenna on Anatomically Real Breast Phantoms for Microwave Holography
Creators: name: Kumari, Vineeta
name: Sheoran, Gyanendra
name: Kanumuri, Tirupathiraju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Microwave imaging is emerging as a promising substitution diagnostic tool, for breast cancer detection. It has ignited the interest in the interaction of the microwaves with biological tissues and their respective effects on the human body which requires the investigation of safety issues on human health under the exposure of antenna's microwave radiation. In this work a specifically designed directive and ultra-wideband antenna is developed for microwave holographic system. A detailed simulation analysis of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and temperature variation due to the radiation exposure of the designed antenna on self-designed anatomically real breast phantoms and Computer Simulation Technology (CST) voxel breast models are done in CST environment. Thereafter, the antenna and anatomical phantom are fabricated for the experimental verification of the simulation analysis of SAR. It is found that the SAR due to the radiation of the designed antenna lies in the permissible limit and the variation in temperature is only 0.096%. Hence, the antenna can be used in microwave holography for breast cancer detection.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Diel patterns of Zooplankton community structure in nearshore waters of different substrates off Tinggi and Sibu Islands, Malaysia, with special reference to Copepods
Creators: name: Ephrime B. Metillo
name: Nishikawa, Jun
name: Ross, Othman BH
name: Yoshida, Teruaki
name: Fatimah Md. Yusoff
name: Perumal Kuppan
name: Ohtsuka, Susumu
name: Mulyadi
name: Sekiguchi, Hideo
name: Toda, Tatsuki
name: Nishida, Shuhei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The relationship between zooplankton community structure and selected environmental conditions was investigated by simultaneous two-day consecutive sampling in the waters overlying Coral and sand sites off Sibu Island and a Seagrass site off Tinggi Island, Johor, Malaysia. A total of 129 taxa were identified, 60 non-Copepod taxa and 69 Copepod species in all samples. Uni- and multi-variate analyses reveal distinct Coral, sand, Seagrass Copepod assemblages with indicator Copepod species and attributes of their size fractions. Small fraction (100–335 µm) samples contained greatest number of individuals, few rare species and were densest at onshore depths, and the opposite for large fraction (>335 µm) samples but were densest at nighttime and most species rich in the Coral site at night. Higher species diversity at offshore stations is due likely to ecotonal effects of overlapping oceanic and nearshore communities. This study demonstrates the usefulness of uni- and multi-variate analyses in identifying patterns in Zooplankton community structure in representative shallow tropical habitats, and the need for accurate Zooplankton taxonomy, nighttime and daytime and onshore and offshore sampling, and size fractionation of samples.
title: Climate change from an ectotherm perspective: evolutionary consequences and demographic change in amphibian and reptilian populations
Creators: name: Hayden Bofill, Sofía I.
name: Blom, Mozes P. K.
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Population genetics
subject: Climate change
subject: Ectotherms
subject: Amphibians
subject: Reptiles
subject: 570 Biologie

description: Understanding how natural populations will respond to contemporary changes in climate is becoming increasingly urgent and of fundamental importance for the preservation of future biodiversity. Among vertebrates, amphibians and reptiles are more sensitive to environmental perturbations than endotherms and ectotherm diversity will likely be disproportionally impacted by climate change. Notwithstanding concerns surrounding the climate change resilience of ectotherm populations, accurately predicting future population trajectories based on contemporary ecological and physiological data alone remains challenging and much can be learnt by studying how populations have responded to climate change in the past. Genomic approaches can now assay the genetic diversity of contemporary population at an unprecedented scale but to date have been relatively underutilised when studying the demographic history of amphibians and reptiles. In this review, we first summarise how changing climatic conditions may influence the ectotherm phenotype and how this can translate to changes in fitness and population dynamics. We then discuss how the relative role of past climate in shaping ectotherm diversity has traditionally been approached in a phylogeographic context and how expanding genomic resources for ectotherm species can be leveraged to improve the study of past demography for many amphibian and reptilian groups. An integrative approach that links known proximate effects on phenotype due to climate change, with past changes in demographic trajectories will ultimately enable us to generate more accurate models of future population change and improve our ability to assess climate change resilience for many ectotherm groups.