cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Status of the JET LIDAR Thomson Scattering diagnostic
Creators: name: Maslov, M
name: Beurskens, M N A
name: Kempenaars, M
name: Flanagan, J
name: contributors, JET EFDA
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The LIDAR Thomson scattering concept was proposed in 1983 and then implemented for the first time on the JET tokamak in 1987. A number of modifications were performed and published in 1995, but since then no major changes were made for almost 15 years. In 2010 a refurbishment of the diagnostic was started, with as main goals to improve its performance and to test the potential of new detectors which are considered as candidates for ITER. During the subsequent years a wide range of activities was performed aimed at increasing the diagnostic's light throughput, improvement of signal to noise ratio and amendment of the calibration procedures. Previously used MA-2 detectors were replaced by fast GaAsP detectors with much higher average QE. After all the changes were implemented, a significant improvement of the measured data was achieved. Statistical errors of measured temperature and density were reduced by a factor of 2 or more, depending on plasma conditions, and comfortably surpassed the values requested for ITER Core Thomson Scattering (10% for Te and 5% for ne). Excellent agreement with other diagnostics (conventional High Resolution Thomson Scattering, ECE, Reflectometer) was achieved over a wide range of plasma conditions. It was demonstrated that together with long term reliability and modest access port requirements, LIDAR can provide measurements of a quality similar to a conventional imaging Thomson Scattering instrument.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in Jnl of Instrumentation. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it
KIC 3858884: a hybrid δ Sct pulsator in a highly eccentric eclipsing binary
Creators: name: Maceroni, C.
name: Lehmann, H.
name: da Silva, R.
name: Montalbán, J.
name: Lee, C. -U.
name: Ak, H.
name: Deshpande, R.
name: Yakut, K.
name: Debosscher, J.
name: Guo, Z.
name: Kim, S. -L.
name: Lee, J. W.
name: Southworth, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analysis of eclipsing binaries containing non-radial pulsators allows: i) to combine two different and independent sources of information on the internal structure and evolutionary status of the components, and ii) to study the effects of tidal forces on pulsations. KIC 3858884 is a bright Kepler target whose light curve shows deep eclipses, complex pulsation patterns with pulsation frequencies typical of δ Sct, and a highly eccentric orbit. We present the result of the analysis of Kepler photometry and of high resolution phaseresolved spectroscopy. Spectroscopy yielded both the radial velocity curves and, after spectral disentangling, the primary component effective temperature and metallicity, and line-of-sight projected rotational velocities. The Kepler light curve was analyzed with an iterative procedure devised to disentangle eclipses from pulsations which takes into account the visibility of the pulsating star during eclipses. The search for the best set of binary parameters was performed combining the synthetic light curve models with a genetic minimization algorithm, which yielded a robust and accurate determination of the system parameters. The binary components have very similar masses (1.88 and 1.86 Msun) and effective temperatures (6800 and 6600 K), but different radii (3.45 and 3.05 Rsun). The comparison with the theoretical models evidenced a somewhat different evolutionary status of the components and the need of introducing overshooting in the models. The pulsation analysis indicates a hybrid nature of the pulsating (secondary) component, the corresponding high order g-modes might be excited by an intrinsic mechanism or by tidal forces.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication on Astronomy & Astrophysics
PEMBAGIAN HARTA WARISAN BERDASARKAN HUKUM POSITIF (UU) DAN HUKUM ADAT
Creators: name: Muhammad Ghazi Al Ghifari Lubis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perbedaan serta dampak yang ditimbulkan dalam pembagian harta warisan berdasarkan Hukum Positif/KUH Perdata (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata) dan Hukum Adat Mandailing.
A Non-thermal Study of the Brightest Cluster Galaxy NGC 1275 - The Gamma-Radio Connection Over Four Decades
Creators: name: Dutson, K. L.
name: Edge, A. C.
name: Hinton, J. A.
name: Hogan, M. T.
name: Gurwell, M. A.
name: Alston, W. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Emission from the active nucleus in the core of the brightest cluster galaxy of the Perseus cluster, NGC 1275, has varied dramatically over the past four decades. Prompted by the Fermi detection of flaring in the gamma-ray band, we present the recent increased activity of this source in the context of its past radio and gamma-ray output. The broad correspondence between the high-frequency radio data and the high-energy (HE) emission is striking. However, on short timescales this correlation breaks down and the 1.3 mm Submillimeter Array flux is apparently unaffected during Fermi-detected flaring activity. The fact that NGC 1275 is also detected at TeV energies during the periods of HE gamma-ray flaring suggests that the short-timescale variation might be primarily related to changes in the inverse Compton scattering of photons by the electron population in the jet. The longer-timescale changes suggest a 30--40 year variation in the fuelling of the black hole, that affects the power of the inner jet. NCG 1275 is a laboratory for the class of brightest cluster galaxies, and its variability on these timescales has implications for our understanding of massive galaxies in cooling-core clusters. The case of NGC 1275 highlights the need for wide coverage across the radio band to correctly account for the contribution to emission from a synchrotron self-absorbed core (for example when considering contamination of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect observations), and the danger of variability biases in radio surveys of galaxies.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
In place of collapses: circulation of ideologies and entrepreneurial practices in the field of social innovation
Creators: name: Blumer, Stéphane
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 440107
subject: Social and cultural anthropology
classificationCode: 350704
subject: Entrepreneurship

description: This conference describes some of the findings of three years of fieldwork as part of a PhD in social anthropology within what is coined as the European Social Innovation scene. It aims to describe the characteristics of the phenomenon of social entrepreneurial communities and the ideologies and practices conveyed within their value system. The paper unfolds in three parts: contextualisation of the chosen approach to the field, the notion of collapse as a common political aspiration, and exploratory concepts emerging from observations of intentional communities. It begins by laying down the elective affinities between entrepreneurship and artistic processes as a continuation of the ethos of the dominant economic system, within the various tensions between the reconfiguration of the relationship between the Self (individuals) and the WE (community). It then probes these symbolic social reforms with an array of management theories, including Theory U by Otto Scharmer and the Teal model by Frederic Laloux. The paper finally exposes the shift from a global to an ecosystemic approach in governance models which has been enabled by the circulation and diffusion of ideologies and practices found in these neo-management practices. The global approach entails the distribution of a uniform program across all levels. On the other hand, the ecosystemic approach strives for a constant balance where each element of the system has its place, and any change in one element affects the others, which reveals its evolutionary ideological background.
On non-local representations of the ageing algebra in $d\geq 1$ dimensions
Creators: name: Stoimenov, Stoimen
name: Henkel, Malte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-local representations of the ageing algebra for generic dynamical exponents $z$ and for any space dimension $d\geq 1$ are constructed. The mechanism for the closure of the Lie algebra is explained. The Lie algebra generators contain higher-order differential operators or the Riesz fractional derivative. Co-variant two-time response functions are derived. An application to phase-separation in the conserved spherical model is described.
description: 10 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1212.6156
Multi-channel Observations of Plasma Outflows and the Associated Small-Scale Magnetic Field Cacellations on the Edges of an Active Region
Creators: name: Liu, S.
name: Su, J. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the SDO/AIA instrument, continuous and intermittent plasma outflows are observed on the boundaries of an active region along two distinct open coronal loops. %with the speed of 30$\sim$200 km s$^{-1}$. By investigating the temporal sequence magnetograms obtained from HMI/SDO, it is found that small-scale magnetic reconnection probably plays an important role in the generation of the plasma outflows in the coronal loops. It is found that the origin of the plasma outflows coincides with the locations of the small-scale magnetic fields with mixed polarities, which suggests that the plasma outflows along coronal loops probably results from the magnetic reconnection between the small-scale close emerging loops and the large-scale open active region coronal loops.
description: 11 figures,23 pages. Ap&ss 2014
The X-ray coronae of the two brightest galaxies in the Coma cluster
Creators: name: Sanders, J. S.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Sun, M.
name: Churazov, E.
name: Simionescu, A.
name: Walker, S. A.
name: Werner, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use deep Chandra X-ray Observatory observations to examine the coronae of the two brightest cluster galaxies in the Coma cluster of galaxies, NGC 4874 and NGC 4889. We find that NGC 4889 hosts a central depression in X-ray surface brightness consistent with a cavity or pair of cavities of radius 0.6 kpc. If the central cavity is associated with an AGN outburst and contains relativistic material, its enthalpy should be around 5x10^55 erg. The implied heating power of this cavity would be around an order of magnitude larger than the energy lost by X-ray emission. It would be the smallest and youngest known cavity in a brightest cluster galaxy and the lack of over pressuring implies heating is still gentle. In contrast, NGC 4874 does not show any evidence for cavities, although it hosts a well-known wide-angle-tail radio source which is visible outside the region occupied by the X-ray corona. These two galaxies show that AGN feedback can behave in varied ways in the same cluster environment.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Young Star Clusters In The Circumnuclear Region Of NGC 2110
Creators: name: Durré, Mark
name: Mould, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-resolution observations in the near infrared show star clusters around the active galactic nucleus (AGN) of the Seyfert 1 NGC2110, along with a 90 x 35 pc bar of shocked gas material around its nucleus. These are seen for the first time in our imaging and gas kinematics of the central 100pc with the Keck OSIRIS instrument with adaptive optics. Each of these clusters is 2-3 times brighter than the Arches cluster close to the centre of the Milky Way. The core star formation rate (SFR) is 0.3 M$_\odot$/yr. The photoionized gas (He I) dynamics imply an enclosed mass of 3-4 x 10$^8$ M$_\odot$. These observations demonstrate the physical linkage between AGN feedback, which triggers star formation in massive clusters, and the resulting stellar (and SNe) winds, which cause the observed [Fe II] emission and feed the black hole.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 10 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
Confirmation of the monoclinic Cc space group for the ground state phase of Pb(Zr0.525Ti0.475)O3 (PZT525): A Combined Synchrotron X-Ray and Neutron Powder Diffraction Study
Creators: name: Solanki, Ravindra Singh
name: Mishra, Sunil Kumar
name: Senyshyn, Anatoliy
name: Yoon, Songhak
name: Baik, Sunggi
name: Shin, Namsoo
name: Pandey, Dhananjai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low temperature antiferrodistortive phase transition in a pseudo-tetragonal composition of PZT with x=0.525 is investigated through a combined synchrotron x-ray and neutron powder diffraction study. It is shown that the superlattice peaks cannot be correctly accounted for in the Rietveld refinement using R3c or R3c+Cm structural models, whereas the Cc space group gives excellent fits to the superlattice peaks as well as to the perovskite peaks. This settles at rest the existing controversies about the structure of the ground state phase of PZT in the MPB region.
description: 13 Pages, 5 Figures
Debt overhang and carbon emissions
Creators: name: Safiullah, Md
name: Houqe, Muhammad Nurul
name: Ali, Muhammad
name: Azam, Md Saiful
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 3502
subject: Banking, finance and investment
classificationCode: 3501
subject: Accounting, auditing and accountability

description: Purpose: This study investigates the association between debt overhang and carbon emissions (both direct and indirect emissions) using a sample of US publicly listed firms. Design/methodology/approach: The study applies generalized least squares (GLS) regression analyses to a sample of 2,043 US firm-year observations over a period of 14 years from 2007 to 2020. The methods include contemporaneous effect, lagged effect, alternative measures of carbon emissions and debt overhang, intensive versus non-intensive analysis, channel analysis, firm fixed effects, change analysis, controlling for credit rating analysis, propensity score matching approach, instrumental variable analysis with industry and year fixed effect. Findings: This study's findings reveal that the debt overhang problem increases carbon emissions. This finding holds when the authors use alternative measures of carbon emissions and debt overhang. The authors find that carbon abatement investment is a channel that is negatively impacted by debt overhang, which in turn increases carbon emissions. This study's results are robust for several endogeneity tests, including firm fixed effects, change analysis, propensity score matching approach and two-stage least squares (2SLS) instrumental variable analysis. Practical implications: The outcome of this research has policy implications for several stakeholders, including investors, firms, market participants and regulators. This study's findings offer insights for investors and firms, helping them allocate resources effectively and make financing decisions aimed at reducing carbon emissions. Regulators and policymakers can also use the findings to formulate policies that promote alternative sustainable finance practices.Originality/value: The outcome of this research is likely to help firms develop their understanding of the debt overhang problem and undertake strategies that yield a significant amount of funding to invest in reducing carbon emissions.
How disorder affects the Berry-phase anomalous Hall conductivity: the view from k space
Creators: name: Bianco, Raffaello
name: Resta, Raffaele
name: Souza, Ivo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anomalous Hall conductivity of "dirty" ferromagnetic metals is dominated by a Berry-phase contribution which is usually interpreted as an intrinsic property of the Bloch electrons in the pristine crystal. In this work we evaluate the geometric Hall current directly from the electronic ground state with disorder, and then recast it as an integral over the crystalline Brillouin zone. The integrand is a generalized k-space Berry curvature, obtained by unfolding the Berry curvature from the small Brillouin zone of a large supercell. Therein, disorder yields a net extrinsic Hall contribution, which we argue is related to the elusive side-jump effect. As an example, we unfold the first-principles Berry curvature of an Fe3Co ordered alloy from the original fcc-lattice Brillouin zone onto a bcc-lattice zone with four times the volume. Comparison with the virtual-crystal Berry curvature clearly reveals the symmetry-breaking effects of the substitutional Co atoms.
A Quantum Rosetta Stone for the Information Paradox
Creators: name: Zayas, Leopoldo A. Pando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The black hole information loss paradox epitomizes the contradictions between general relativity and quantum field theory. The AdS/CFT correspondence provides an implicit answer for the information loss paradox in black hole physics by equating a gravity theory with an explicitly unitary field theory. Gravitational collapse in asymptotically AdS spacetimes is generically turbulent. Given that the mechanism to read out the information about correlations functions in the field theory side is plagued by deterministic classical chaos, we argue that quantum chaos might provide the true Rosetta Stone for answering the information paradox in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure. Honorable Mention in the Research Foundation Essays for Gravitation. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1402.3592
Interplay of classical and "quantum" capacitance in a one dimensional array of Josephson junctions
Creators: name: Ribeiro, Pedro
name: García-García, Antonio M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Even in the absence of Coulomb interactions phase fluctuations induced by quantum size effects become increasingly important in superconducting nano-structures as the mean level spacing becomes comparable with the bulk superconducting gap. Here we study the role of these fluctuations, termed "quantum capacitance", in the phase diagram of a one-dimensional (1D) ring of ultrasmall Josephson junctions (JJ) at zero temperature by using path integral techniques. Our analysis also includes dissipation due to quasiparticle tunneling and Coulomb interactions through a finite mutual and self capacitance. The resulting phase diagram has several interesting features: A finite quantum capacitance can stabilize superconductivity even in the limit of only a finite mutual-capacitance energy which classically leads to breaking of phase coherence. In the case of vanishing charging effects, relevant in cold atom settings where Coulomb interactions are absent, we show analytically that superfluidity is robust to small quantum finite-size fluctuations and identify the minimum grain size for phase coherence to exist in the array. We have also found that the renormalization group results are in some cases very sensitive to relatively small changes of the instanton fugacity. For instance, a certain combination of capacitances could lead to a non-monotonic dependence of the superconductor-insulator transition on the Josephson coupling.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
On subcontinua and continuous images of beta R\R
Creators: name: Dow, Alan
name: Hart, Klaas Pieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54F15 (Primary) 03E50, 03E65, 54A35, 54D35, 54D40, 54G20 (Secondary)

description: We prove that the Cech-Stone remainder of the real line has a family of 2^c mutually non-homeomorphic subcontinua. We also exhibit a consistent example of a first-countable continuum that is not a continuous image of this remainder.
Conjugacy and cocycle conjugacy of automorphisms of $\mathcal{O}_{2}$ are not Borel
Creators: name: Gardella, Eusebio
name: Lupini, Martino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 46L40, 03E15, Secondary 46L55

description: The group of automorphisms of the Cuntz algebra $\mathcal{O}_{2}$ is a Polish group with respect to the topology of pointwise convergence in norm. Our main result is that the relations of conjugacy and cocycle conjugacy of automorphisms of $\mathcal{O}_{2}$ are complete analytic sets and, in particular, not Borel. Moreover, we show that from the point of view of Borel complexity theory, classifying automorphisms of $\mathcal{O}_{2}$ up to conjugacy or cocycle conjugacy is strictly more difficult than classifying up to isomorphism any class of countable structures with Borel isomorphism relation. In fact the same conclusions hold even if one only considers automorphisms of $\mathcal{O}_{2}$ of a fixed finite order. In the course of the proof we will show that the relation of isomorphism of Kichberg algebras (with trivial $K_{1}$-group and satisfying the Universal Coefficient Theorem) is a complete anaytic set. Moreover, it is strictly more difficult to classify Kirchberg algebras (with trivial $K_{1}$-group and satisfying the Universal Coefficient Theorem) than classifying up to isomorphism any class of countable structures with Borel isomorphism relation.
description: 53 pages
FAIR Digital Objects and FAIR Signposting
Creators: name: Van de Sompel, Herbert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: interoperability
web
research objects
research communication
machine access
web links
REST
HATEOS
Signposting

description: Presentation given for the FAIR Digital Object Forum webinar on 2023-05-27. The presentation aims to clarify the relationship between FAIR Digital Objects and FAIR Signposting. A relationship that may not be obvious because Signposting does not start from an abstract model but rather from a very concrete problem related to how research objects exist on the web.
TO'QIMACHILIK TEXNOLOGIYASIGA OID ILMIY-TEXNIK ATAMALAR TAHLILI
Creators: name: Ibrohimova, Gulira'no
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada to'qimachilik sanoatida qo'llaniladigan ilmiy-texnik atamalar tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot davomida to'qimachilik texnologiyasi sohasidagi atamalarning kelib chiqishi, qo'llanilishi va ahamiyati o'rganildi. Natijalar shuni ko'rsatadiki, sohaga oid atamalar to'qimachilik jarayonlarini aniq va lo'nda ifoda etishda muhim rol o'ynaydi. Shuningdek, xalqaro miqyosda terminologiyani standartlashtirishning ahamiyati ta'kidlandi.
Anonymous Quantum Nonlocality
Creators: name: Liang, Yeong-Cherng
name: Curchod, Florian John
name: Bowles, Joseph
name: Gisin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that for all $n\ge3$, an example of an $n$-partite quantum correlation that is not genuinely multipartite nonlocal but rather exhibiting anonymous nonlocality, that is, nonlocal but biseparable with respect to all bipartitions, can be obtained by locally measuring the $n$-partite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state. This anonymity is a manifestation of the impossibility to attribute unambiguously the underlying multipartite nonlocality to any definite subset(s) of the parties, even though the correlation can indeed be produced by nonlocal collaboration involving only such subsets. An explicit biseparable decomposition of these correlations is provided for any partitioning of the $n$ parties into two groups. Two possible applications of these anonymous GHZ correlations in the device-independent setting are discussed: multipartite secret sharing between any two groups of parties and bipartite quantum key distribution that is robust against nearly arbitrary leakage of information.
description: 4 + 4 pages, 2 figures; comments welcomed!
Prenatal anxiety, breastfeeding and child growth and puberty: linking evolutionary models with human cohort studies
Creators: name: Sinead English
name: Wright, India
name: Ashburn, Verity
name: Ford, Gemma
name: Doretta Caramaschi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: Stress experienced by mothers during pregnancy can have both immediate and long-term effects on child development, potentially mediated by breastfeeding. Aim: Using a UK birth cohort study, we asked how maternal stress relates to breastfeeding and consequences for growth and puberty onset. Subjects and methods: We analysed data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, collected via questionnaires and clinic visits (N: 698–8,506). We used reports of prenatal anxiety, breastfeeding, early growth and age at menarche or first voice change. Confounding by maternal age, parity, smoking, education and body mass index (BMI) was considered. Results: Mothers with higher levels of reported anxiety were less likely to breastfeed (Odds ratio (OR): 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71, 0.97). Breastfed infants had slower growth before weaning, although growth differences were unclear thereafter. Being breastfed for more than six months was associated with later puberty onset in females (2.76 months later than non-breastfed; CI: 0.9, 4.63), although the association was attenuated by confounders and BMI (1.51 months, CI: −0.38, 3.40). No association between breastfeeding and puberty onset in males was found. Conclusion: Our studies fit results shown previously, and we consider these in light of evolutionary life history theory while discussing key challenges in such an approach.
Precise and ultrafast molecular sieving through graphene oxide membranes
Creators: name: Joshi, R. K.
name: Carbone, P.
name: Wang, F. C.
name: Kravets, V. G.
name: Su, Y.
name: Grigorieva, I. V.
name: Wu, H. A.
name: Geim, A. K.
name: Nair, R. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There has been intense interest in filtration and separation properties of graphene-based materials that can have well-defined nanometer pores and exhibit low frictional water flow inside them. Here we investigate molecular permeation through graphene oxide laminates. They are vacuum-tight in the dry state but, if immersed in water, act as molecular sieves blocking all solutes with hydrated radii larger than 4.5A. Smaller ions permeate through the membranes with little impedance, many orders of magnitude faster than the diffusion mechanism can account for. We explain this behavior by a network of nanocapillaries that open up in the hydrated state and accept only species that fit in. The ultrafast separation of small salts is attributed to an 'ion sponge' effect that results in highly concentrated salt solutions inside graphene capillaries.
Spontaneous growth of diamond from MnNi solvent-catalyst using opposed anvil-type high-pressure apparatus
Creators: name: Zhigadlo, N. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper an overview of the application of opposed anvil-type high-pressure high-temperature apparatus for spontaneous growth of diamond crystals by solvent-catalyst technique is presented. The process makes use of a molten Mn47Ni53 catalyst to initiate the graphite-diamond transformation reaction. The pressure and temperature requirements to obtain reproducible spontaneous diamond crystallization were around 52.5-54 kbar and 1270-1320 C. The crystals had well-shaped cubo-structured morphology with the 100 and 111 faces and grain sizes of 0.2-0.5 mm. This work can stimulate future experimental exploration of spontaneous diamond crystallization by using other solvent-catalyst metals.
Black hole spin measurements through the relativistic precession model: XTE J1550-564
Creators: name: Motta, S. E.
name: Muñoz-Darias, T.
name: Sanna, A.
name: Fender, R.
name: Belloni, T.
name: Stella, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic analysis of the complete set of observations of the black hole (BH) binary XTE J1550-564 obtained by the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. We study the fast time variability properties of the source and determine the spin of the black hole through the relativistic precession model. Similarly to what is observed in the BH binary GRO J1655-40, the frequencies of the QPOs and broad band noise components match the general relativistic frequencies of particle motion close to the compact object predicted by the relativistic precession model. The combination of two simultaneously observed quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) frequencies together with the dynamical BH mass from optical/infrared observations yields a spin equal to a = 0.34 +/- 0.01, consistent with previous determinations from X-ray spectroscopy. Based on the derived BH parameters, the low frequency QPO emission radii vary from about 30 gravitational radii to the innermost stable orbit for this spin (about 5 gravitational radii), where they sharply disappear as observed for the case of GRO J1655-40.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication by MNRAS letters
Which infancy growth parameters are associated with later adiposity? The Cambridge Baby Growth Study
Creators: name: Ong, Ken K.
name: Tuck Seng Cheng
name: L. Olga
name: P. M. Prentice
name: C. J. Petry
name: I. A. Hughes
name: D. B. Dunger
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Background: Highly consistent positive associations are reported between infancy growth and later obesity risk. However, it is unclear whether infancy growth parameters beyond body weight add to the prediction of later obesity risk. Aim: To assess whether infancy length and skinfold thicknesses add to infancy weight in the prediction of childhood adiposity. Subjects and methods: This analysis included 254 children with available data on infant growth from birth to 24 months and childhood adiposity at age 6–11 years measured by DXA. Multilevel linear regression was used to examine the predictors of childhood percent body fat (¿), with adjustment for sex and age at follow-up visit. Results: Birth weight and weight gain (modelled as changes in z-score) between 0–3 months and 3–24 months showed independent positive relationships with childhood ¿. The addition of gains in infant length and skinfolds between 0–3 months, but not 3–24 months, improved overall model prediction, from 18.7% to 20.7% of the variance in childhood ¿ (likelihood ratio test, p p = 0.2; skinfolds: positive trend, 1.3%, p = 0.09). Conclusion: Infancy length and skinfolds contribute significantly, but only modestly, to the prediction of childhood adiposity.
title: Metrics for Materials Discovery
Creators: name: Hargreaves, Cameron
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: The vast corpus of experimental solid state data has enabled a variety of statistical methods to be applied in high throughput materials discovery. There are many techniques for representing a material into a numeric vector, and many investigations apply the Euclidean distance between these vectors to judge similarity. This thesis investigates applications of non-Euclidean metrics, in particular optimal transport measures, or the Earth Mover’s Distance (EMD), to quantify the similarity between two materials for use in computational workflows, with a focus on solid state electrolytes (SSEs). Chapter 1 introduces the field of lithium conducting SSEs for use in batteries, as well as an introductory precursor for some of the machine learning concepts, for those without exposure to this field. The EMD is a function which returns the minimal quantity of work that is required to transform one distribution into another, and a tutorial on how to compute the EMD using the simplest known technique is provided given its relevance to later chapters. In chapter 2 the discussion around the EMD is continued, and we introduce the workflow that has been developed for quantifying the chemical similarity of materials with the Element Movers Distance (ElMD). Given the affect that minor dopants can have on physical properties, it is imperative that we use techniques that capture nuanced differences in stoichiometry between materials. The relationships between the binary compounds of the ICSD are shown to be well captured using this metric. Larger scale maps of materials space are generated, and used to explore some of the known SSE chemistries. At the beginning of the PhD, there were no substantial datasets of lithium SSEs available, as such chapter 3 outlines the lengthy process of gathering this data. This resulted in the Liverpool ionics dataset, containing 820 entries, with 403 unique compositions having conductivities measured at room temperature. The performance of leading composition based property prediction models against this dataset is rigorously assessed. The resultant classification model gives a strong enough improvement over human guesswork that it may be used for screening in future studies. At present, materials datasets are disparate and scattered. Using the ElMD in chapter 4, we investigate how different metric indexing methods may be used to partition gathered datasets of compositions. This enables very fast nearest neighbour queries allowing the automated retrieval of similar compounds across millions of records in milliseconds. Chapter 5 introduces the technique Percifter for characterizing crystal structures, based on the principles of persistent homology (PH). This increasingly popular technique is used in materials science to describe the topology of a crystal. Percifter seeks to improve the stability of these representations for different choices of unit cells. These similarities may be observed directly, or compared through the EMD.
Early life body size and its associations with adult bladder cancer
Creators: name: Sørensen, Kathrine K.
name: Jensen, Britt W.
name: Thomas, Peter E.
name: Madsen, Kirsten
name: Eriksson, Frank
name: Aarestrup, Julie
name: Baker, Jennifer L.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Background: Adult overweight is a potential bladder cancer (BC) risk factor, but little is known about size earlier in life. Aim: To investigate if birth weight, childhood body mass index (BMI), height and growth are associated with adult BC. Subjects and methods: Anthropometric information from birth and ages 7–13 on 315,763 individuals born 1930–1989 in the Copenhagen School Health Records Register was linked to national registers. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by Cox regression. Results: 1145 individuals (839 men) were diagnosed with BC. Sex differences were not detected. Childhood BMI had positive associations and height had inverse associations with BC; at age 13, HR = 1.10 (95% CI: 1.02–1.18) per BMI z-score and HR = 0.94 (95% CI: 0.89–1.00) per height z-score. A pattern of above-average increases in BMI from 7 to 13 years had higher hazards of BC than average increases. Above-average growth in height was not significantly associated with BC. Compared with birth weights of 3.5 kg, low (2.5 kg) and high (4.5 kg) values were associated with increased hazards of BC; HR = 1.26 (95% CI: 1.01–1.58) and HR = 1.36 (95% CI: 1.09–1.70), respectively. Conclusions: A high BMI, a short height, excess BMI gain in childhood and low and high birth weights are associated with increased hazards of BC.
Heptagon Amplitude in the Multi-Regge Regime
Creators: name: Bartels, J.
name: Schomerus, V.
name: Sprenger, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As we have shown in previous work, the high energy limit of scattering amplitudes in N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory corresponds to the infrared limit of the 1-dimensional quantum integrable system that solves minimal area problems in AdS5. This insight can be developed into a systematic algorithm to compute the strong coupling limit of amplitudes in the multi-Regge regime through the solution of auxiliary Bethe Ansatz equations. We apply this procedure to compute the scattering amplitude for n=7 external gluons in different multi-Regge regions at infinite 't Hooft coupling. Our formulas are remarkably consistent with the expected form of 7-gluon Regge cut contributions in perturbative gauge theory. A full description of the general algorithm and a derivation of results will be given in a forthcoming paper.
description: 14 pages
Tanner’s tempo of growth in adolescence: recent SITAR insights with the Harpenden Growth Study and ALSPAC
Creators: name: T. J. Cole
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plant Biology

description: Background: James Tanner emphasised the “tempo” of growth, i.e. the adolescent spurt as summarised by its timing (age at peak velocity or APV) and intensity (peak velocity, PV). Aim: The paper applies the SITAR growth curve model to pubertal growth data with the aim of clarifying the growth pattern across multiple measurements and the spectrum of APV and PV. Subjects and methods: Data for 7–20 years on ten anthropometric measurements in 619 children from the Harpenden Growth Study, and on height in 10410 children from the ALSPAC study, were analysed using SITAR (SuperImposition by Translation And Rotation). SITAR models pubertal growth as a mean curve with APV and PV fitted as subject-specific random effects, and a random measurement intercept. Results: Mean APV for Harpenden girls and boys averaged 12.0 and 13.9 years across the ten measurements. PV expressed as percent per year lay in the narrow range 4–8%. Splitting the ALSPAC subjects into 9 by 5 APV and PV groups and fitting separate SITAR models to each group confirmed SITAR’s good fit while highlighting the spectrum of growth patterns. Conclusion: SITAR works well to summarise pubertal growth. The disappointment is that Tanner did not live to see it in action.
Medium effects on the thermal conductivity of a hot pion gas
Creators: name: Mitra, Sukanya
name: Sarkar, Sourav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of the medium on the thermal conductivity of a pion gas out of chemical equilibrium by solving the relativistic transport equation in the Chapman-Enskog and relaxation time approximations. Using an effective model for the pi-pi cross-section involving rho and sigma meson exchange, medium effects are incorporated through thermal one-loop self-energies. The temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity is observed to be significantly affected.
Tuning of cytokine signaling through imbalanced abundances of receptors and kinases
Creators: name: Sta, Léa
name: Voisinne, Guillaume
name: Cotari, Jesse
name: Adamer, Michael
name: Molina Paris, Carmen
name: Altan-Bonnet, Grégoire
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This submission contains data and R/python code related to the article "Tuning of cytokine signaling through imbalanced abundances of receptors and kinases" (https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.07.511173)
Birth weight, childhood body mass index and height and risks of endometriosis and adenomyosis
Creators: name: Aarestrup, Julie
name: Jensen, Britt W.
name: Ulrich, Lian G.
name: Hartwell, Dorthe
name: Trabert, Britton
name: Baker, Jennifer L.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Background: Body size in adult life is likely associated with risks of endometriosis and adenomyosis, yet little is known about associations with body size earlier in life. Aim: To examine whether birth weight, childhood body mass index (BMI) and height are associated with risks of endometriosis and adenomyosis. Subjects and methods: From the Copenhagen School Health Records Register, 171,447 girls born 1930–1996, with measured weights and heights at ages 7–13 were included. Outcomes were obtained from health registers. Cox regressions were performed to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: During follow-up, 2149 endometriosis cases and 1410 adenomyosis cases were diagnosed. Childhood BMI was inversely associated with endometriosis (HR = 0.92 [95% CI: 0.88–0.96] per z-score at age 7). In contrast, childhood height was positively associated with endometriosis (HR = 1.09 [95% CI: 1.05–1.14] per z-score at age 7). Associations with childhood body size did not differ by endometriosis location. Childhood BMI and height had limited associations with adenomyosis. Birth weight was not associated with endometriosis or adenomyosis. Conclusion: Lean and tall girls are more often diagnosed with endometriosis, but not adenomyosis. These findings suggest that indicators of endometriosis risk are already apparent at early ages.
Affective symptoms across the life course and resilience in cognitive function
Creators: name: Bell, Georgia
name: John, Amber
name: Gaysina, Darya
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Background: Little is known about what factors can modify the relationship between affective symptoms and cognitive function across the life course. Aim: To investigate a number of factors that can contribute to resilience in cognitive function in relation to affective symptoms, using data from the National Child Development Study. Subjects and methods: Adult affective symptoms were measured using the Malaise Inventory Scale (ages 23, 33, 42 and 50). Measures of immediate and delayed memory, verbal fluency and information processing accuracy (age 50) were used to derive measures of resilience in cognitive function—better than predicted cognition, when accounting for experiences of affective symptoms. Factors contributing to resilience in cognitive function were informed by a literature review and included sex, childhood cognitive ability, education, household socio-economic position (SEP), midlife SEP, and APOE genotype. Linear regression and structural equation modelling approaches were used for analyses. Results: Higher childhood cognitive ability, educational level, midlife SEP and female sex contributed to better than predicted cognitive function in relation to affective symptoms (i.e. resilience), with particularly consistent effects for memory. No effects on resilience were revealed for APOE genotype. Conclusion: Understanding factors contributing to resilience in cognitive function in those with affective symptoms can inform interventions to promote healthy cognitive ageing for those at risk.
Unsupervised Transient Light Curve Analysis Via Hierarchical Bayesian Inference
Creators: name: Sanders, Nathan
name: Betancourt, Michael
name: Soderberg, Alicia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Historically, light curve studies of supernovae (SNe) and other transient classes have focused on individual objects with copious and high signal-to-noise observations. In the nascent era of wide field transient searches, objects with detailed observations are decreasing as a fraction of the overall known SN population, and this strategy sacrifices the majority of the information contained in the data about the underlying population of transients. A population level modeling approach, simultaneously fitting all available observations of objects in a transient sub-class of interest, fully mines the data to infer the properties of the population and avoids certain systematic biases. We present a novel hierarchical Bayesian statistical model for population level modeling of transient light curves, and discuss its implementation using an efficient Hamiltonian Monte Carlo technique. As a test case, we apply this model to the Type IIP SN sample from the Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey, consisting of 18,837 photometric observations of 76 SNe, corresponding to a joint posterior distribution with 9,176 parameters under our model. Our hierarchical model fits provide improved constraints on light curve parameters relevant to the physical properties of their progenitor stars relative to modeling individual light curves alone. Moreover, we directly evaluate the probability for occurrence rates of unseen light curve characteristics from the model hyperparameters, addressing observational biases in survey methodology. We view this modeling framework as an unsupervised machine learning technique with the ability to maximize scientific returns from data to be collected by future wide field transient searches like LSST. \smallskip
description: Submitted; 10 pages, 11 figures, plus appendix with code