cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Stellar Age Dependence of X-ray Emission from Normal Star-Forming Galaxies in the GOODS Fields
Creators: name: Gilbertson, Woodrow
name: Lehmer, Bret
name: Doore, Keith
name: Eufrasio, Rafael
name: Basu-Zych, Antara
name: Brandt, William
name: Fragos, Tassos
name: Garofali, Kristen
name: Kovlakas, Konstantinos
name: Luo, Bin
name: Tozzi, Paolo
name: Vito, Fabio
name: Williams, Benjamin F.
name: Xue, Yongquan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Chandra Deep Field-South and North surveys (CDFs) provide unique windows into the cosmic history of X-ray emission from normal (non-active) galaxies. Scaling relations of normal galaxy X-ray luminosity (L_X) with star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass (M_star) have been used to show that the formation rates of low-mass and high-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs and HMXBs, respectively) evolve with redshift across z = 0-2 following L_HMXB/SFR ~ 1 + z and L_LMXB/M_star ~ (1 + z)^{2-3}. However, these measurements alone do not directly reveal the physical mechanisms behind the redshift evolution of X-ray binaries (XRBs). We derive star-formation histories for a sample of 344 normal galaxies in the CDFs, using spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting of FUV-to-FIR photometric data, and construct a self-consistent, age-dependent model of the X-ray emission from the galaxies. Our model quantifies how X-ray emission from hot gas and XRB populations vary as functions of host stellar-population age. We find that (1) the ratio L_X/M_star declines by a factor of ~1000 from 0-10 Gyr and (2) the X-ray SED becomes harder with increasing age, consistent with a scenario in which the hot gas contribution to the X-ray SED declines quickly for ages above 10 Myr. When dividing our sample into subsets based on metallicity, we find some indication that L_X/M_star is elevated for low-metallicity galaxies, consistent with recent studies of X-ray scaling relations. However, additional statistical constraints are required to quantify both the age and metallicity dependence of X-ray emission from star-forming galaxies.
Additional file 2 of What do we Know about Complex-Contrast Training? A Systematic Scoping Review
Creators: name: Thapa, Rohit K.
name: Weldon, Anthony
name: Freitas, Tomás T.
name: Boullosa, Daniel
name: Afonso, José
name: Granacher, Urs
name: Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 2
Size-dependent phase transition from amorphous to crystalline in antimony clusters on crystalline surfaces
Creators: name: Kirmse, H
name: Stegemann, Bert
name: Neumann, W.
name: Rademann, K.
name: Kaiser, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten

description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
Assessing soil erosion of forest and cropland sites in wet tropical Africa using 239+240 Pu fallout radionuclides
Creators: name: Wilken, Florian
name: Fiener, Peter
name: Ketterer, Michael
name: Meusburger, Katrin
name: Muhindo, Daniel Iragi
name: Van Oost, Kristof
name: Doetterl, Sebastian
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2020

description: Due to the rapidly growing population in tropical Africa, a substantial rise in food demand is predicted in upcoming decades, which will result in higher pressure on soil resources. However, there is limited knowledge on soil redistribution dynamics following land conversion to arable land in tropical Africa that is partly caused by challenging local conditions for long-term landscape scale monitoring. In this study, fallout radionuclides 239+240Pu are used to assess soil redistribution along topographic gradients at two cropland sites and at three nearby pristine forest sites located in the DR Congo, Uganda and Rwanda. In the study area, a relatively high 239+240Pu baseline inventory is found (mean forest inventory 41 Bq m−2). Pristine forests show no indication for soil redistribution based on 239+240Pu along topographical gradients. In contrast, soil erosion and sedimentation on cropland reached up to 37 and 40 cm within the last 55 years, respectively. Cropland sites show high intra-slope variability with locations showing severe soil erosion located in direct proximity to sedimentation sites. This study shows the applicability of a valuable method to assess tropical soil redistribution and provides insight on soil degradation rates and patterns in one of the most vulnerable regions of the World.
description: Soil Discussions
Which features of quantum physics are not fundamentally quantum but are due to indeterminism?
Creators: name: Del Santo, Flavio
name: Gisin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: What is fundamentally quantum? We argue that most of the features, problems, and paradoxes -- such as the measurement problem, the Wigner's friend paradox and its proposed solutions, single particle nonlocality, and no-cloning -- allegedly attributed to quantum physics have a classical analogue if one is to interpret classical physics as fundamentally indeterministic. What really characterizes non-classical effects are incompatible physical quantities, which, in quantum quantum theory are associated to the fundamental constant $\hbar$.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
$ϕ$- meson Production at RHIC energies using the PHENIX Detector
Creators: name: Sharma, Deepali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light vector mesons are among the most informative probes to understand the strongly coupled Quark Gluon Plasma created at RHIC. The suppression of light mesons at high transverse momentum, compared to expectations from scaled $p+p$ results, reflects the properties of the strongly interacting matter formed. The $ϕ$-meson is one of the probes whose systematic measurement in $p+p$, $d+Au$ and $Au+Au$ collisions can provide useful information about initial and final state effects on particle production. The mass, width and branching ratio of the $ϕ$-meson decay in the di-kaon and di-electron decay channels could be modified in \au collisions due to the restoration of chiral symmetry in the QGP. The PHENIX experiment at RHIC has measured $ϕ$-meson production in various systems ranging form $p+p$, $d+Au$ to $Au+Au$ collisions via both its di-electron and di-kaon decay modes. A summary of PHENIX results on invariant spectra, nuclear modification factor and elliptic flow of the $ϕ$-meson are presented here.
Optimal trajectories for Bayesian olfactory search in turbulent flows: the low information limit and beyond
Creators: name: Heinonen, Robin A.
name: Biferale, Luca
name: Celani, Antonio
name: Vergassola, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In turbulent flows, tracking the source of a passive scalar cue requires exploiting the limited information that can be gleaned from rare, stochastic encounters with the cue. When crafting a search policy, the most challenging and important decision is what to do in the absence of an encounter. In this work, we perform high-fidelity direct numerical simulations of a turbulent flow with a stationary source of tracer particles, and obtain quasi-optimal policies (in the sense of minimal average search time) with respect to the empirical encounter statistics. We study the trajectories under such policies and compare the results to those of the infotaxis heuristic. In the presence of a strong mean wind, the optimal motion in the absence of an encounter is zigzagging (akin to the well-known insect behavior "casting") followed by a return to the starting location. The zigzag motion generates characteristic $t^{1/2}$ scaling of the rms displacement envelope. By passing to the limit where the probability of detection vanishes, we connect these results to the classical linear search problem and derive an estimate of the tail of the arrival time pdf as a stretched exponential, which agrees with Monte Carlo results. We also discuss what happens as the wind speed decreases.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, plus supplement
High-resolution imaging of C + He collisions using Zeeman deceleration and VUV detection
Creators: name: Plomp, Vikram
name: Wang, Xu-Dong
name: Lique, François
name: Kłos, Jacek
name: Onvlee, Jolijn
name: van de Meerakker, Sebastiaan Y. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-resolution measurements of angular scattering distributions provide a sensitive test for theoretical descriptions of collision processes. Crossed beam experiments employing a decelerator and velocity map imaging have proven successful to probe collision cross sections with extraordinary resolution. However, a prerequisite to exploit these possibilities is the availability of a near-threshold state-selective ionization scheme to detect the collision products, which for many species is either absent or inefficient. We present the first implementation of recoil-free vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) based detection in scattering experiments involving a decelerator and velocity map imaging. This allowed for high-resolution measurements of state-resolved angular scattering distributions for inelastic collisions between Zeeman-decelerated carbon C($^3P_1$) atoms and helium atoms. We fully resolved diffraction oscillations in the angular distributions, which showed excellent agreement with the distributions predicted by quantum scattering calculations. Our approach offers exciting prospects to investigate a large range of scattering processes with unprecedented precision.
title: Some Aspects of Conditioning Behavior in Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri
Creators: name: Harris, Reed E.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: Effects of exercise, social facilitation, and delayed conditioning after vi exercise on the learning behavior of 5 to 6-inch rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, was measured in a conditioned avoidance response apparatus. The conditioning schedule contained an intertrial interval between alternate presentations of conditioned (light) and unconditioned (shock) stimuli. This randomization eliminated learning losses found in a previous study. Mean percentage avoidance, the measurement of learning, did not decrease significantly during conditioning trials. Exercised fish learned avoidance better than did non-exercised fish. Mean percentage avoidance for fish exercised at 0.5 ft/sec was 66.3; at 1.0 ft/ sec, 1.5 ft/sec, and no-exercise, mean percentage avoidance was 68.2, 68.9 and 65.0, respectively. Social facilitation affected learning in the one, two, and three fish per cell tests, where mean percentage avoidance was 55.5, 68.9, and 81.0 percent, respectively. A delay of 24 hours between exercise and conditioning resulted in decreased learning levels. Mean percentage avoidance was 60.3, 63.5, 67.7, and 53.7 for the 1-, 2-, 2-, and 24-hour delay tests, respectively; however, mean percentage avoidance for the last 60 trials of each test indicated the 1-, 2-, and 4-hour delay tests were all similar, over 70 percent, while mean percentage avoidance for the 24-hour delay test was only 57.8 percent.
title: Autecological Life History Studies of Two Geraniums, Geranium richardsonii and Geranium nervosum
Creators: name: Green, Becky Lee
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1973

description: Two perennial species of wild geranium (Geranium nervosum Rydb. and G. richardsonii Fisch, and Trautv, [Geraniaceae]) which grow throughout the mountainous regions of western North America were studied to determine the factors influencing the life stage development and distribution of these plants. Attempts were also made to provide some information to assist in the taxonomy of this genus.
Geranium richardsonii is found in wet meadows and along streambanks throughout its distribution, Geranium nervosum frequents rocky hillsides and drier meadows throughout its range.
Seeds of Q. nervosum had 65o/, germination in the stratification pretreatment. Geranium richardsoniiseeds required scarification to reach 60% germination, Both species germinated in excess of 80% when scarified and stratified.
Overwinter survival experiments indicated that Q. richardsonii could survive only in a wet meadow environment while G. nervosum could survive and establish in ail three environments examined, wet meadow, dry hillside, and aspen (Populus tremuloides) grove.
Both G. richarasonii and Q. nervosum appeared to be limited by the same environmental factors although the degree of response was different. The seedling stage was the most responsive to environmental stress. Both Q. richardsonii and Q. nervosum seedlings had an optimum temperature range for survival of 20-25°C although they could and did adapt to lower temperatures. Seedlings of neither species could survive soil water potentials (Ψs) of -10 bars or lower. The adult stage of both species was more tolerant of stress and G. nervosum adults could survive (Ψs) of -25 to -30 bars. Geranium richardsonii was less tolerant and appeared to Ψs limited by both Ψs and temperature in its distribution at the Forestry Field Station.
The critical factors influencing the distribution G. nervosum and Q. richardsonii were similiar but the species reacted to them in different ways. Geranium richardsonii was able to survive in environments that were highly saturated with water and under heavy cover. Geranium nervosum, although limited by temperatures above 32°C, was able to live in drier conditions by virtue of a tap root system. Hence, although the distribution of these two species was similiar, they were seperated by their response to environmental conditions.
Maxwell-scalar device based on the electric dipole
Creators: name: Bazeia, D.
name: Marques, M. A.
name: Menezes, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study the electric field of a dipole immersed in a medium with permittivity controlled by a real scalar field which is non-minimally coupled to the Maxwell field. We model the system with an interesting function, which allows the presence of exact solutions, describing the possibility of the permittivity to encapsulate the charges at very high values, giving rise to an effect that is not present in the standard situation. The results are of direct interest to applications for emission and absorption of radiation, and may motivate new studies concerning binary stars and black holes in gravity scenarios of current interest.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. To appear in PRD as a Letter
title: Habitat Selection by Large Wild Ungulates and Some Aspects of the Energy Flow in a Sub-tropical African Savanna Woodland Ecosystem
Creators: name: Hirst, Stanley M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1973

description: A study of habitat selection by large wild ungulates was carried out on a 50 cm2 area in the sub-tropical Lowveld region of eastern Transvaal province, South Africa. Estimations were made of herbaceous forage net productivity and ungulate secondary productivity on the same area.
Fourteen vegetation types, varying in composition and structure from open savanna to dense woodland, were delineated by association analysis. Structural and vegetational characteristics which were considered to influence ungulate distribution were measured within each vegetation type.
The study area supported resident populations of seven ungulate species during the wet season; drv season densities were higher due to population influxes from surrounding areas. Densities ranged from 13 to 67 animals per km2, with impala making up from 40 to 70 percent of the total population, wildebeest 10 to 40 percent, and lesser proportions of giraffe, zebra, kudu, warthog and waterbuck. Savanna vegetation types supported total densities of up to 185 animals/km2, while wooded types support fewer animals.
Waterbuck were the most selective of the ungulates and concentrated mainly in the riparian woodland. Wildebeest, zebra and giraffe made variable use of savanna and open woodland types. Warthog preferred savanna types and avoided woodland. Impala were less selective, and kudu showed no habitat preferences. Ungulate distribution was related to several habitat characteristics, and the key factors were found to differ in each case. Each species had a unique combination of habitat characteristics to which it responded in linear fashion, and this was considered to be the way in which ungulates avoided competition by achieving spatial separation.
Herbaceous forage standing crops and net production were functions of vegetation composition, soil types, rainfall and extent of ungulate utilization. Standing crops ranged from 350 to 4104 kgs/ha air-dried forage. Net primary production ranged from zero to 2719 kgs/ha; vegetation types on sandy soils did not produce in years with poor precipitation. Ungulates consumed about one-fourth of the herbaceous net primary production during the wet season and more than four-fifths during the course of a full year.
Ungulate biomass on the area averaged about 40 kg/ha during the wet season and 65 kg/ha in the dry season, but biomasses varied a great deal with vegetation type, ungulate population species coMposition and seasonal densities. Ungulate secondary product ion varied correspondingly and ranged from 1.3 x 10-3 kcal/m2 per day to 4.8 x 10-3 kcals/m2 per day. Overall secondary production rate for the 2-year study period was 0.97 kcals/m2 per year, produced from a mean standing crop of 7.46 kcal/m2.
Leveraging AI-Generated Emotional Self-Voice to Nudge People towards their Ideal Selves
Creators: name: Fang, Cathy Mengying
name: Chua, Phoebe
name: Chan, Samantha
name: Leong, Joanne
name: Bao, Andria
name: Maes, Pattie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Emotions, shaped by past experiences, significantly influence decision-making and goal pursuit. Traditional cognitive-behavioral techniques for personal development rely on mental imagery to envision ideal selves, but may be less effective for individuals who struggle with visualization. This paper introduces Emotional Self-Voice (ESV), a novel system combining emotionally expressive language models and voice cloning technologies to render customized responses in the user's own voice. We investigate the potential of ESV to nudge individuals towards their ideal selves in a study with 60 participants. Across all three conditions (ESV, text-only, and mental imagination), we observed an increase in resilience, confidence, motivation, and goal commitment, and the ESV condition was perceived as uniquely engaging and personalized. We discuss the implications of designing generated self-voice systems as a personalized behavioral intervention for different scenarios.
Search and study of Quark Gluon Plasma at the CERN-LHC
Creators: name: Nayak, Tapan
name: Sinha, Bikash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The major aim of nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC is to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark gluon plasma (QGP), formed in extreme conditions of temperature and energy density. We give a brief overview of the experimental program and discuss the signatures and observables for a detailed study of QGP matter.
description: 15 pages, Invited article for the volume on LHC physics to celebrate the Platinum Jubilee of the Indian National Science Academy, Edited by Amitava Datta, Biswarup Mukhopadhyaya and Amitava Raychaudhuri (Jan 2009)
Violation of no-signaling on a public quantum computer
Creators: name: Rybotycki, Tomasz
name: Białecki, Tomasz
name: Batle, Josep
name: Bednorz, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: No-signaling is a consequence of the no-communication theorem that states that bipartite systems cannot transfer information
 unless a communication channel exists. It is also a by-product of the assumptions of Bell theorem about quantum nonlocality. We have tested no-signaling in bipartite systems of qubits from IBM Quantum devices in extremely large statistics, resulting in significant violations. Although the time and space scales of IBM Quantum cannot in principle rule out subluminal communications, there is no obvious physical mechanism leading to signaling. The violation is also at similar level as observed in Bell tests. It is therefore mandatory to check possible technical imperfections that may cause the violation and to repeat the loophole-free Bell test at much larger statistics, in order to be ruled out definitively at strict spacelike conditions.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Additional file 1 of What do we Know about Complex-Contrast Training? A Systematic Scoping Review
Creators: name: Thapa, Rohit K.
name: Weldon, Anthony
name: Freitas, Tomás T.
name: Boullosa, Daniel
name: Afonso, José
name: Granacher, Urs
name: Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Additional file 3 of Genomic and transcriptomic features between primary and paired metastatic fumarate hydratase–deficient renal cell carcinoma
Creators: name: Liang, Jiayu
name: Sun, Guangxi
name: Pan, Xiuyi
name: Zhang, Mengni
name: Shen, Pengfei
name: Zhu, Sha
name: Zhao, Jinge
name: Zheng, Linmao
name: Zhao, Junjie
name: Chen, Yuntian
name: Yin, Xiaoxue
name: Chen, Junru
name: Hu, Xu
name: Zeng, Yuhao
name: Chen, Jianhui
name: Wang, Yongquan
name: Liu, Zhihong
name: Yao, Jin
name: Su, Minggang
name: Huang, Rui
name: Liao, Banghua
name: Wei, Qiang
name: Li, Xiang
name: Zhou, Qiao
name: Liu, Jiyan
name: Shen, Yali
name: Liu, Zhenhua
name: Chen, Ni
name: Zeng, Hao
name: Zhang, Xingming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Fig. S1. The sample and mutation information of included FH-RCC cases. Fig. S2. Copy number variation of 19 primary-metastatic paired FHRCC cases. Fig. S3. Fish plot of each FH-RCC case. Fig. S4. CNV-based phylogenetic trees. Fig. S5. Transcriptomic features of metastatic and primary FH-RCC. Fig. S6. Exploration of TME features of metastatic lesions. Fig. S7. Methylation phenotype and heterogeneity between primary and metastatic lesions. Fig. S8. Differential methylated probes of immune related genes.
Modelling CO formation in the turbulent interstellar medium
Creators: name: Glover, S. C. O.
name: Federrath, C.
name: Mac Low, M. -M.
name: Klessen, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from high-resolution three-dimensional simulations of turbulent interstellar gas that self-consistently follow its coupled thermal, chemical and dynamical evolution, with a particular focus on the formation and destruction of H2 and CO. We quantify the formation timescales for H2 and CO in physical conditions corresponding to those found in nearby giant molecular clouds, and show that both species form rapidly, with chemical timescales that are comparable to the dynamical timescale of the gas. We also investigate the spatial distributions of H2 and CO, and how they relate to the underlying gas distribution. We show that H2 is a good tracer of the gas distribution, but that the relationship between CO abundance and gas density is more complex. The CO abundance is not well-correlated with either the gas number density n or the visual extinction A_V: both have a large influence on the CO abundance, but the inhomogeneous nature of the density field produced by the turbulence means that n and A_V are only poorly correlated. There is a large scatter in A_V, and hence CO abundance, for gas with any particular density, and similarly a large scatter in density and CO abundance for gas with any particular visual extinction. This will have important consequences for the interpretation of the CO emission observed from real molecular clouds. Finally, we also examine the temperature structure of the simulated gas. We show that the molecular gas is not isothermal. Most of it has a temperature in the range of 10--20 K, but there is also a significant fraction of warmer gas, located in low-extinction regions where photoelectric heating remains effective.
description: 37 pages, 15 figures; minor revisions, matches version accepted by MNRAS
“C’est ça que c’est bon!”: identity, heritage and tourism in Gilded Cage
Creators: name: Pires, Ana Luísa
Publisher: name: Journal of Tourism & Development
Year: 2017

description: The Gilded Cage (2013), a French film written and directed by Ruben Alves, a Portuguese descendant residing in France, became one of the biggest box office hits of 2013 in France and Portugal. Lighthearted in tone, the film follows a family of Portuguese immigrants in Paris, focusing on the workaholic parents and their second-generation children, while displaying several stereotypes related to Portuguese identity and culture. Although partly based on preconceived ideas of what is understood as Portuguese identity, the film also seeks to show an image of modernity associated with aspects recognized as World Heritage by UNESCO, such as fado and the Douro landscape, both of which have been used at institutional level as a way to promote the country as a tourist destination. It is therefore not surprising that one of the consequences of the success that the film reached among the French public has been the increase in demand for the Douro region among French tourists after its exhibition. In this paper we intend to examine the ways in which the film portrays questions associated with Portuguese identity and culture, as well as the impact those representations have had on tourism.
description: Journal of Tourism & Development, vol. 1 n.º 27/28 (2017)
Contextual Bandit Applications in Customer Support Bot
Creators: name: Sajeev, Sandra
name: Huang, Jade
name: Karampatziakis, Nikos
name: Hall, Matthew
name: Kochman, Sebastian
name: Chen, Weizhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.0

description: Virtual support agents have grown in popularity as a way for businesses to provide better and more accessible customer service. Some challenges in this domain include ambiguous user queries as well as changing support topics and user behavior (non-stationarity). We do, however, have access to partial feedback provided by the user (clicks, surveys, and other events) which can be leveraged to improve the user experience. Adaptable learning techniques, like contextual bandits, are a natural fit for this problem setting. In this paper, we discuss real-world implementations of contextual bandits (CB) for the Microsoft virtual agent. It includes intent disambiguation based on neural-linear bandits (NLB) and contextual recommendations based on a collection of multi-armed bandits (MAB). Our solutions have been deployed to production and have improved key business metrics of the Microsoft virtual agent, as confirmed by A/B experiments. Results include a relative increase of over 12% in problem resolution rate and relative decrease of over 4% in escalations to a human operator. While our current use cases focus on intent disambiguation and contextual recommendation for support bots, we believe our methods can be extended to other domains.
description: in KDD 2021
Note on Anisotropy of Resistivity in Hidden Ordered State of URu_2Si_2
Creators: name: Miyake, K.
name: Flouquet, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On an assumption that the HO is the antiferro-quadrupolar order with Γ_{5} (Q_{z(x+y)} and Q_{z(x-y)}) symmetry, the anisotropy in temperature dependence of resistivity (ρ_{c}\propto T^{2}, and ρ_{ab}\propto T) in the HO phase of URu_2Si_2 is explained.
description: Accepted for publication in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. vol.79 (2010), No.3 (March issue); 6 pages, 3 figures
title: Best Practices for Volume Flow Rate Measurements Using PIV at the Exit of a Turbulent Round Jet
Creators: name: Schaap, Robert
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is an optical flow measurement technique that is used to measure volume flow rate at the exit of a turbulent, round nozzle. The objective of this thesis is to determine how to best make this measurement. The quality of the measurement is affected by a range of data acquisition parameters and how data are processed. Measurements are made over a range of different flows using the two main types of PIV: Two Component (2C), which uses one camera, and Stereo, which uses two cameras, similar to human eyes. Previous work done for data acquisition and processing of PIV in general is found to apply. Different parameters are tested, evaluated, and discussed. Both 2C PIV and Stereo PIV were found to underestimate flow by approximately 2%.
Grand parenting by the pool: extending family tourism research to grandparent-grandchildren holidays
Creators: name: Blichfeldt, Bodil Stilling
name: Mikkelsen, Marie Vestergaard
Publisher: name: Journal of Tourism & Development
Year: 2017

description: Research on family holidays has focused on the nuclear family. But family holidays come in many different forms and this paper uses 81 interviews to explore the under-researched issue of grandparents and grandchildren vacationing together. Although grandparent-grandchildren holidays resemble nuclear family holidays in many ways, significant differences also exist as these holidays (a) enable grandparents and grandchildren to interact in ways they cannot do (as easily) at home; (b) are a means for grandparents to help their children; (c) allow for grandparents and grandchildren to be both together and apart; and d) are critical to how contemporary families ‘do’ family across generations.
description: Journal of Tourism & Development, vol. 1 n.º 27/28 (2017)
title: Leaf Epidermal Transmittance of Ultraviolet Radiation and Its Implication for Plant Sensitivity to Ultraviolet-Radiation Injury
Creators: name: Robberecht, Ronald
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1976

description: Leaf epidermal transmittance of ultraviolet radiation (280-400 nm) was examined in several plant species to determine the capability of the epidermis to attenuate solar ultraviolet radiation. Epidermal samples were mechanically isolated and examined with a spectroradiometer/integrating sphere for transmittance. A survey of 25 species exposed to natural insolation was conducted. Although the species differed in life form, habitat type, and epidermal characteristics, epidermal transmittance was generally less than 10%. Ultraviolet radiation was attenuated 95 to 99% in more than half of the species. In 16 species, flavonoid and related pigments in the epidermis accounted for 20 to 57% of the attenuation. Several species exposed to supplemental ultraviolet irradiation (288-315 run) in a greenhouse exhibited significant (p≤0.05) depressions in epidermal transmittance of 31 to 47%, apparently resulting from an increase in ultraviolet-absorbing pigments.
title: Rodent Density and Species Composition in the Snake River Birds of Prey Natural Area, Idaho
Creators: name: Montan, Jon R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1977

description: Rodent densities were estimated in the major vegetation types of the Snake River Birds of Prey Natural Area in 1975 and 1976 by a combination of live-trapping and kill-trapping. Only deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) were numerous enough to permit reliable density estimates. Relative densities of other rodent species were indicated by kill-trap capture rates. Densities of deer mice correlated well (r = 0.99) with kill-trap capture rates. The use of kill -trapping in place of live-trapping in 1976 permitted extensive sampling throughout the 1930 km2 study area. Differences were found among the major vegetation and land-use types in their ability to support the rodent species representing potential prey for feeding raptors.
SIMD-Optimized Search Over Sorted Data
Creators: name: Mastripolito, Benjamin
name: Koskelo, Nicholas
name: Weatherred, Dylan
name: Pimentel, David A.
name: Sheppard, Daniel
name: Graham, Anna Pietarila
name: Monroe, Laura
name: Robey, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Applications often require a fast, single-threaded search algorithm over sorted data, typical in table-lookup operations. We explore various search algorithms for a large number of search candidates over a relatively small array of logarithmically-distributed sorted data. These include an innovative hash-based search that takes advantage of floating point representation to bin data by the exponent. Algorithms that can be optimized to take advantage of SIMD vector instructions are of particular interest. We then conduct a case study applying our results and analyzing algorithmic performance with the EOSPAC package. EOSPAC is a table look-up library for manipulation and interpolation of SESAME equation-of-state data. Our investigation results in a couple of algorithms with better performance with a best case 8x speedup over the original EOSPAC Hunt-and-Locate implementation. Our techniques are generalizable to other instances of search algorithms seeking to get a performance boost from vectorization.
Additional file 4 of What do we Know about Complex-Contrast Training? A Systematic Scoping Review
Creators: name: Thapa, Rohit K.
name: Weldon, Anthony
name: Freitas, Tomás T.
name: Boullosa, Daniel
name: Afonso, José
name: Granacher, Urs
name: Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 4
title: A Discriminant Function Model of Gray-headed Junco Habitat
Creators: name: Grainger, Andrew R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1978

description: This paper presents a description of gray-headed junco habitat in the form of a model based on discriminant function analysis. Junco nests were found by searching randomly located grids on a 7.8 km2 study area in central Utah. Vegetation data was gathered on 500 m2 circular plots surrounding nests and contrasted with similar data from searched grids where nests were not found. The model explains 28 percent of the between-groups variance and correctly classifies 68 percent of the plots.
Plant cover types are good predictors of areas where gray-headed juncos nest, while plant community type descriptions do not distinguish between utilized and unutilized areas.
The use of quantitative models of wildlife habitat with data derived from various kinds of information systems is discussed.
Heavy quark meson spectroscopy at CDF
Creators: name: Yi, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From a study of the X(3872) mass and width based on the world's largest sample of $X(3872)\to J/ψπ^+π^-$ decays, we find that our X(3872) signal is consistent with a single state, and leads to the most precise measurement of the X(3872) mass. We also report the recent evidence for a new narrow structure, Y(4140), decaying to the $J/ψϕ$ final state, in exclusive $B^+\to J/ψϕK^+$ decays in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.7 \ifb collected at the CDF II detector. This narrow structure with its mass well above open charm pairs is unlikely to be a candidate for a conventional charmonium state.
description: 4 pages, 8 postscript figures, to be published in the proceedings of DPF-2009, Detroit, MI, July 2009, eConf C090726
Soil carbon persistence linked to mineralogy across sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: von Fromm, Sophie Franziska
name: Hoyt, Alison M.
name: Butler, Benjamin M.
name: Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw
name: Doetterl, Sebastian
name: Haefele, Stephan M.
name: McGrath, Steve P.
name: Shepherd, Keith D.
name: Six, Johan
name: Towett, Erick K.
name: Winowiecki, Leigh A.
name: Trumbore, Susan E.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021

description: EGUsphere
title: Conflict in Outdoor Recreation
Creators: name: Jacob, Gerald R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1978

description: The causes of conflict among users of outdoor recreation resources have received little attention from recreation researchers. Knowledge of factors responsible for conflict might assist recreation planners' attempts to reduce future instances of conflict and help management focus its conflict resolution efforts. A theory of conflict is offered as the first step in systematically procuring such knowledge. A definition and characteristics of outdoor recreation conflicts are presented; four comprehensive causes of user conflicts are proposed. Ten propositions are used to link these factors to conflict and suggest future research hypotheses. The social psychological dynamics of conflict, as described here, have implications for understanding the sources of user dissatisfaction.
In part two, 120 interviews, taken from two conflict situations involving mechanized and nonmechanized forms of recreation, were used to examine the heuristic value of the theory's concepts. A case study format was used for the analysis.
The interviews demonstrated a need to distinguish between potential and felt, or experienced, conflict, due to the latter's dependence on a chance social interaction. Nonmechanized users displayed a high conflict potential, indicated by conflict avoidance behavior, which reduced reports of felt conflict. Fewer mechanized users expressed felt conflict.
Stereotyping of the opposite group's lifestyle was found in both cases, as was a lack of intergroup communication. A negative evaluation of the other group's lifestyle seems inherent in such stereotypes.
Opposing groups sought different outcomes from interacting with a natural environment though backcountry vehicle users showed a more diverse set of interactions than the literature or stereotypes suggest.
Users demonstrated possessiveness for a particular recreation place--this orientation may also exist for categories of places such as National Parks.
The findings support the contention that differences in lifestyle, modes of experiencing natural environments, and resource specificity are factors responsible for conflict and worthy of future research.
title: Adaptive Significance of Lactate Dehydrogenase B﻿2﻿ Isozymes in Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri and a Biochemical Genetic Comparison of Cutthroat Trout (Salmo Clarki) Populations
Creators: name: Klar, Gerald Thomas
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1978

description: Rainbow trout lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) B2' B2' , B2' B2" and B2" B2" phenotypes were tested under a variety of conditions for swimming endurance, oxygen consumption rates, and blood pH, p02, and lactate. The B2" B2" phenotype exhibited a lower swimming endurance, under a limited oxygen supply, than the B2' B2' and B2' B2" phenotypes. Blood pH at fatigue did not differ among the LOH phenotypes that swam under low oxygen conditions (2 mg/1). Blood p02 at fatigue was significantly higher for females than for males under low oxygen conditions. Oxygen consumption rates were significantly higher for males than for females at dissolved oxygen concentrations of 3 mg/1 to 8 mg/1. The depression in oxygen consumption rates at low oxygen levels was greater for males than for females. The increase in blood lactate with swimming under low oxygen concentrations and static exposure to low oxygen depended on LOH phenotype. The adaptive significance of the LDH B2' and B2" alleles was discussed.
Thirteen populations of Intermountain cutthroat trout were sampled for biochemical genetic variation. Variation was observed in muscle aspartate aminotransferase for all populations which would fit a genetic model of two loci and three alleles. Unique muscle A group lactate dehydrogenase variation was observed in Snake Valley cutthroat trout which suggested the presence of several variant alleles. Allele frequencies for tetrazolium oxidase changed during three consecutive years in Bear Lake cutthroat trout that were trapped and spawned artificially. The possible causes of those changes were discussed. No variation was observed in alphaglycerophosphate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, eye lactate dehydrogenase or muscle malate dehydrogenase in cutthroat trout.
Design and development of advanced Al-Ti-V alloys for beampipe applications in particle accelerators
Creators: name: Singh, Kamaljeet
name: Goswami, Kangkan
name: Sahoo, Raghunath
name: Samal, Sumanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present investigation reports the design and development of an advanced material with a high figure of merit (FoM) for beampipe applications in particle accelerators by bringing synergy between computational and experimental approaches. Machine learning algorithms have been used to predict the phase(s), low density, and high radiation length of the designed Al-Ti-V alloys. Al-Ti-V alloys with various compositions for single-phase and dual-phase mixtures, liquidus temperature, and density values are obtained using the Latin hypercube sampling method in TC Python Thermo-Calc software. The obtained dataset is utilized to train the machine-learning algorithms. Classification algorithms such as XGBoost and regression models such as Linear Regression and Random Forest regressor have been used to compute the number of phases, radiation length, and density respectively. The XGBoost algorithms show an accuracy of $98\%$, the Linear regression model shows an accuracy of $94\%$, and the Random Forest regressor model is accurate up to $99\%$. The developed Al-Ti-V alloys exhibit high radiation length as well as a good combination of high elastic modulus and toughness due to the synergistic effect of the presence of hard $Al_3Ti$ phase along with a minor volume fraction of FCC $(Al)_{ss}$ solid solution phase mixture. The comparison of our alloys, alloy-1 ($Al_{75.2}Ti_{22.8}V_{2}$) and alloy-2 ($Al_{89}Ti_{10}V_{1}$) shows an increase in the radiation length by seven-times and a decrease in the density by two to three times as compared to stainless steel 304, the preferred material for constructing beampipes in low-energy particle accelerators. Further, we experimentally verify the elastic modulus of the alloy-1 and compute the FoM equal to 0.416, which is better than other existing materials for beampipes in low-energy experiments.
description: Same as the published version
Proximity effect in ferromagnet/superconductor hybrids: from diffusive to ballistic motion
Creators: name: Linder, Jacob
name: Zareyan, Malek
name: Sudbø, Asle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analytical study of the proximity effect in ferromagnet/superconductor (F/S) heterostructures, allowing for an arbitrary magnetic exchange energy as well as arbitrary impurity and spin-flip scattering rates within a quasiclassical approach. While previous studies mainly have focused on the clean or dirty limits, our results grant access to the regime of intermediate impurity concentrations, thus allowing us to probe the crossover from the clean to dirty limit. We find that in the crossover regime, all possible symmetry correlations of the proximity-induced anomalous Green's function are induced in the ferromagnet. We also point out that the local density of states oscillates spatially, not only for an F/S bilayer, but also for a normal/superconductor (N/S) bilayer in the diffusive limit, a fact which appears to have gone unnoticed in the literature. Within the weak-proximity effect regime, we present compact analytical expressions valid for arbitrary exchange fields and impurity scattering rates for \textit{i)} the local density of states in an F/S bilayer, \textit{ii)} the Josephson current in an S/F/S junction, and \textit{iii)} the critical temperature in an F/S/F multilayer. For all cases, we study in particular the crossover regime between diffusive and ballistic motion. Our results may be useful for analyzing experimental data in cases when the dirty limit is not fully reached, thus invalidating the use of the Usadel equation.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Additional file 2 of New insights into honey bee viral and bacterial seasonal infection patterns using third-generation nanopore sequencing on honey bee haemolymph
Creators: name: Van Herzele, Cato
name: Coppens, Sieglinde
name: Vereecke, Nick
name: Theuns, Sebastiaan
name: de Graaf, Dirk C.
name: Nauwynck, Hans
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Full deformed wing virus phylogenetic tree. The phylogenetic analysis (GTR + F + I + R10) shows a genetic distinction between the samples taken at different time points: DWV-B in July (Deformed wing virus-type B/1-0006422_c1_Jul2022_Hive01-02-03-04 Belgium), DWV-rec in September (Deformed wing virus-rec/1-0007264_c1_Sep2022_Hive01-02-03-04 Belgium), DWV-rec in hive 1 (Deformed wing virus-rec/1-0007140_c1_Nov2022_Hive01 Belgium) and 2 types of DWV-rec in hive 4 (Deformed wing virus-rec/1-0007143_c1_Nov2022_Hive04 Belgium and Deformed wing virus-rec/1-0007143_c2_Nov2022_Hive04 Belgium) in November, shown in bold. DWV-rec is a recombinant between DWV-A and DWV-B. The DWV type B clade is shown in yellow, DWV type A in green and DWV-rec in blue.
Embedding into bipartite graphs
Creators: name: Böttcher, Julia
name: Heinig, Peter Christian
name: Taraz, Anusch
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05D40, 05C35

description: The conjecture of Bollobás and Komlós, recently proved by Böttcher, Schacht, and Taraz [Math. Ann. 343(1), 175--205, 2009], implies that for any $γ>0$, every balanced bipartite graph on $2n$ vertices with bounded degree and sublinear bandwidth appears as a subgraph of any $2n$-vertex graph $G$ with minimum degree $(1+γ)n$, provided that $n$ is sufficiently large. We show that this threshold can be cut in half to an essentially best-possible minimum degree of $(\frac12+γ)n$ when we have the additional structural information of the host graph $G$ being balanced bipartite. This complements results of Zhao [to appear in SIAM J. Discrete Math.], as well as Hladký and Schacht [to appear in SIAM J. Discrete Math.], who determined a corresponding minimum degree threshold for $K_{r,s}$-factors, with $r$ and $s$ fixed. Moreover, it implies that the set of Hamilton cycles of $G$ is a generating system for its cycle space.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures