cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Signal transport in and conductance of correlated nanostructures
Creators: name: Schmitteckert, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we report on our project concerning the application of time dependent DMRG to strongly correlated systems. We show that a previously reported simulation of the spin charge separation in a one-dimensional Hubbard system exceeds a relative error of 100% in the spin sector. In the second part we discuss the application of the Kubo formula to obtain linear conductance for the interacting resonant level model.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, HPC grant report
Prenatal and Perinatal Morbidity in Children with Tic Disorders: A Mainstream School-based Population Study in Central Spain
Creators: name: Cubo, Esther
name: Hortigüela, Montesclaros
name: Jorge-Roldan, Sandra
name: Ciciliani, Selva E.
name: Lopez, Patricia
name: Velasco, Leticia
name: Sastre, Emilio
name: Ausin, Vanesa
name: Delgado, Vanesa
name: Saez, Sara
name: Gabriel-Galán, José T.
name: Macarrón, Jesús
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine

description: Background: While current research suggests that genetic factors confer the greatest risk for the development of tic disorders, studies of environmental factors are relatively few, with a lack of consistent risk factors across studies. Our aim is to analyze the association of tic disorders with exposure to prenatal and perinatal morbidity.

Methods: This was a nested case–control study design. Cases and controls were selected and identified from a mainstream, school-based sample. The diagnosis of tic disorders was assigned by a movement disorder neurologist using ‘Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition, text revision’ criteria, and neuropsychiatric comorbidities were screened using the Spanish computerized version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Predictive Scale. Information regarding the exposure to pre-perinatal risk factors was collected by a retrospective review of the birth certificates. Logistic regression analyses were then performed to test the association of tic disorders with pre-perinatal risk factors.

Results: Out of 407 participants, complete pre-perinatal data were available in 153 children (64 with tics and 89 without tics);. After adjusting for family history of tics, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, body mass index, prenatal infection, and coexisting comorbid neuropsychiatric disturbances, tic disorders were associated with prenatal exposure to tobacco (odds ratio [OR] = 3.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24–7.60, p = 0.007), and cesarean section (OR = 5.78, 95% CI 1.60–20.91, p = 0.01).

Discussion: This nested case–control study of children with tic disorders demonstrates higher adjusted odds for tics in children with exposure to cesarean delivery and maternal smoking. Longitudinal, population-based samples are required to confirm these results.
Challenges in global improvement of oral cancer outcomes: findings from rural Northern India
Creators: name: Dangi, Jyoti
name: Kinnunen, Taru
name: Zavras, Athanasios
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Dentistry
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Public health

description: In India, 72% of the population resides in rural areas and 30-40% of cancers are found in the oral cavity. The majority of Haryana residents live in villages where inadequate medical facilities, no proper primary care infrastructure or cancer screening tools and high levels of illiteracy all contribute to poor oral cancer (OC) outcomes. In this challenging environment, the objective of this study was to assess the association between various risk factors for OC among referrals for suscipious lesions and to design and pilot test a collaborative community-based effort to identify suspicious lesions for OC. Setting: Community-based cross sectional OC screening. Participants: With help from the Department of Health (DOH), Haryana and the local communities, we visited three villages and recruited 761 participants of ages 45-95 years. Participants received a visual oral cancer examination and were interviewed about their dental/medical history and personal habits. Pregnant women, children and males/females below 45 years old with history of OC were excluded. Main outcome: Presence of a suspicious oral lesion. Out of 761 participants, 42 (5.5%) were referred to a local dentist for follow-up of suspicious lesions. Males were referred more than females. The referral group had more bidi and hookah smokers than non smokers as compared to non referral group. The logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking bidi and hookah (OR = 3.06 and 4.42) were statistically significant predictors for suspicious lesions. Tobacco use of various forms in rural, northern India was found to be quite high and a main risk factor for suspicious lesions. The influence of both the DOH and community participation was crucial in motivating people to seek care for OC.
Luminescence of cadmium fluoride doped with rare-earth ions
Creators: name: Radzhabov, Evgeny
name: Shendrik, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Absorption, excitation and emission spectra of cadmium fluoride crystals doped with rare-earth ions were investigated. In contrast to alkaline-earth fluorides the absorption spectra due to 4f - 5d transitions of Ce$^{3+}$, Pr$^{3+}$ and Tb$^{3+}$ ions are broadened. No 5d-4f emissions were observed. These prove that 5d(e$_g$) levels of rare earth ions lie in conduction band of CdF$_2$ crystal. Emission spectra of Tb$^{3+}$ show the group of 4f-4f $^5$D$_4$-$^7$F$_j$ lines in contrast to other alkaline-earth fluorides where emission due to $^5$D$_3$-$^7$F$_j$ transitions is also observed. The absence of the emission is due to position of $^5$D$_3$ level within condution band. Among the all measured crystals doped with impurity ions (Pr, Nd, Eu, Ho, Tb, Tm, Yb, Ga, In or Mn), the CdF$_2$ doped with Pr$^{3+}$, Tb$^{3+}$, or Mn$^{2+}$ ions have the highest light outputs under x-ray excitation.
description: presented on conference SCINT2013
Opposite-Sex Twins and Adolescent Same-Sex Attraction
Creators: name: Bearman, Peter Shawn
name: Brückner, Hannah
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Homosexuality
subject: Twins

description: The etiology of human same-sex romantic attraction is generally framed in terms of (1) social influences, (2) genetic influences, or (3) hormonal influences. In this article, we show that adolescent males who are opposite-sex twins are twice as likely as expected to report same-sex attraction; and that the pattern of concordance (similarity across pairs) of same-sex preference for sibling pairs does not suggest genetic influence independent of social context. Our data falsify the hormone transfer hypothesis by isolating a single condition that eliminates the opposite-sex twin effect we observe—the presence of an older same-sex sibling. We also consider and reject a speculative evolutionary theory that rests on observing birth-order effects on same-sex orientation. In contrast, our results support the hypothesis that less gendered socialization in early childhood and preadolescence shapes subsequent same-sex romantic preferences.
Review of Evaluation and Accountability in Human Service Programs. Edited by William C. Sze and June G. Hopps. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman Publishing Co., 1974
Creators: name: Mullen, Edward Joseph
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1976
Subjects: Social service

description: As the 1960s drew to a close a climate of reappraisal characterized the disciplines
involved in human service planning and evaluation. Evaluation and
Accountability in Human Service Programs is an expression of this reappraisal,
and it provides an excellent glimpse into the current diversity of expert opinion
regarding the reasons for the difficulties encountered by program
evaluators as well as suggestions for future directions. The book is the product
of a symposium sponsored by the Ohio State University School of Social
Work and contains the symposium's papers and commentaries organized into
four major sections. Its nineteen contributors include seasoned and distinguished
scholars. While much of the material duplicates analysis and recommendations
already available in the evaluation literature and often authored
by these same contributors, a number of the papers represent new contributions.
Review of Social Structures: A Network Approach. Edited by Barry Wellman and S. D. Berkowitz. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988
Creators: name: Bearman, Peter Shawn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Social structure

description: Structural analysis has been around now for some time, and, as those who work with social networks know, the field is characterized by a lot of methodological sophistication. Unfortunately, the substantive payoffs from the methodological advances have been less visible. As Barry Well- man and S. D. Berkowitz, the editors of Social Structures, note, the new structuralists need to show not only that they can do things technically but also that there is a point in doing them. The goal of this book is to demonstrate that the structuralist approach can yield the necessary sub- stantive payoffs to justify the claims advanced in its favor. In some of the papers here, real progress on this front is evident.
From the Sign to the Passage: A Saussurean Perspective
Creators: name: Carrasco, William J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: This paper traces the development of Saussure’s concept of the sign (or kenome) to the notion of passage proposed by François Rastier. This way of viewing semiosis substitutes the two-faced monadic sign with an open-ended and fully contextualized relation between two planes of language. While a sign is an artifact of interpretation, a passage is a moment of ongoing interpretation, a praxeology. The passage thus participates in a rhetorical-hermeneutic problematic based on a deontology and a non-realism, instead of a logico-grammatical or representational problematic. Although it has been developed within the semiotics of natural languages, the passage offers us a new way of looking at other semiotic performances and thereby contributing to the development of the semiotics of cultures.
A Twisted ${\mathcal C}^{\star}$-algebra formulation of Quantum Cosmology with application to the Bianchi I model
Creators: name: Rosenbaum, Marcos
name: Vergara, J. David
name: Juárez, Román
name: Minzoni, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A twisted ${\mathcal C}^\star $- algebra of the extended (noncommutative) Heisenberg-Weyl group has been constructed which takes into account the Uncertainty Principle for coordinates in the Planck length regime. This general construction is then used to generate an appropriate Hilbert space and observables for the noncommutative theory which, when applied to the Bianchi I Cosmology, leads to a new set of equations that describe the quantum evolution of the universe. We find that this formulation matches theories based on a reticular Heisenberg-Weyl algebra in the bouncing and expanding regions of a collapsing Bianchi universe. There is, however, an additional effect introduced by the dynamics generated by the noncommutativity. This is an oscillation in the spectrum of the volume operator of the universe, within the bouncing region of the commutative theories. We show that this effect is generic and produced by the noncommutative momentum exchange between the degrees of freedom in the cosmology. We give asymptotic and numerical solutions which show the above mentioned effects of the noncommutativity.
description: 31 pages, 10 figures, to appear in PRD
Plot and Tonal Design as Compositional Constraints
in Il trovatore
Creators: name: Balthazar, Scott L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Music

description: For more than a decade, Il trovatore has served as a focus of scholarly
investigations into Verdi's treatment of tonal structure. To date, its tonal plan has been viewed primarily from three directions: 1) as a long-range prolongation of a cadential harmonic progression (Levarie); 2) as a system of tonal double cycles and short-range symmetries (Parker); or 3) as a network of associations between keys and characters (Baldini, Petrobelli, Drabkin). Balthazar suggests an alternative way in which Verdi used long range key relationships in Il trovatore to interpret and reinforce its plot structure By establishing separate constellations of keys for Azucena and Leonora and by moving within and between these constellations in specific ways, his music distinguishes independent plot lines, underscores their convergences, articulates shifts from one event to the next, and connects related events This analytic approach explains tonal relationships in Ii trovatore consistently and comprehensively, accounting for all primary keys. Moreover, by attending to parallels between key and plot, it connects tonal ordering to the text's principal source of dynamic cohesion, giving emphasis-as Verdi might have-to linear aspects of drama and the infusion of action into lyric numbers. Balthazar offers explanations of these phenomenons.
Pressure-induced Enhancement of Superconductivity in BiS$_2$-layered LaO$_{1-x}$F$_x$BiS$_2$
Creators: name: Tomita, Takahiro
name: Ebata, Masaya
name: Soeda, Hideto
name: Takahashi, Hiroki
name: Fujihisa, Hiroshi
name: Gotoh, Yoshito
name: Mizuguchi, Yoshikazu
name: Izawa, Hiroki
name: Miura, Osuke
name: Demura, Satoshi
name: Deguchi, Keita
name: Takano, Yoshihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The newly discovered BiS$_2$-based LaO$_{1-x}$F$_{x}$BiS$_2$ ($x$=0.5) becomes superconductive at $T_c$=2.5 K. Electrical resistivity and magnetization measurements are performed under pressure to determine the pressure dependence of the superconducting transition temperature $T_c$. We observe that $T_c$ abruptly increases from 2.5 K to 10.7 K at a pressure of 0.7 GPa. According to high-pressure X-ray diffraction measurements, a structural phase transition from a tetragonal phase ($P$4/$nmm$) to a monoclinic phase ($P$2$_1/m$) also occurs at around $\sim$ 1 GPa. We consider that a pressure-induced enhancement of superconductivity is caused by the structural phase transition.
Evaluation of the Rapid Scale-up of Collaborative TB/HIV Activities in TB Facilities in Rwanda, 2005-2009
Creators: name: Pevzner, Eric
name: Vandebriel, Greet
name: Lowrance, David
name: Gasana, Michel
name: Finlay, Alyssa
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Public health

description: In 2005, Rwanda drafted a national TB/HIV policy and began scaling-up collaborative TB/HIV activities. Prior to the scale-up, we evaluated existing TB/HIV practices, possible barriers to policy and programmatic implementation, and patient treatment outcomes. We then used our evaluation data as a baseline for evaluating the national scale-up of collaborative TB/HIV activities from 2005 through 2009. Our baseline evaluation included a cross-sectional evaluation of 23/161 TB clinics. We conducted structured interviews with patients and clinic staff and reviewed TB registers and patient records to assess HIV testing practices, provision of HIV care and treatment for people with TB that tested positive for HIV, and patients' TB treatment outcomes. Following our baseline evaluation, we used nationally representative TB/HIV surveillance data to monitor the scale-up of collaborative TB/HIV activities Of 207 patients interviewed, 76% were offered HIV testing, 99% accepted, and 49% reported positive test results. Of 40 staff interviewed, 68% reported offering HIV testing to >50% of patients. From 2005-2009, scaled-up TB/HIV activities resulted in increased HIV testing of patients with TB (69% to 97%) and provision of cotrimoxazole (15% to 92%) and antiretroviral therapy (13% to 49%) for patients with TB disease and HIV infection (TB/HIV). The risk of death among patients with TB/HIV relative to patients with TB not infected with HIV declined from 2005 (RR = 6.1, 95%CI 2.6, 14.0) to 2007 (RR = 1.8, 95%CI 1.68, 1.94). Our baseline evaluation highlighted that staff and patients were receptive to HIV testing. However, expanded access to testing, care, and treatment was needed based on the proportion of patients with TB having unknown HIV status and the high rate of HIV infection and poorer TB treatment outcomes for patients with TB/HIV. Following our evaluation, scale-up of TB/HIV services resulted in almost all patients with TB knowing their HIV status. Scale-up also resulted in dramatic increases in the uptake of lifesaving HIV care and treatment coinciding with a decline in the risk of death among patients with TB/HIV.
Tia DeNora, Beethoven and the Construction of Genius: Musical Politics in Vienna, 1792-1803
Creators: name: Broyles, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Music

description: Tia DeNora has undertaken an important study of Beethoven's early years in Vienna. She examines three issues as they pertain to Beethoven: the nature of Viennese society; the concept of the artist, in particular the notion of genius in late eighteenth-century Europe; and the conflict of musical styles that emerged near the end of the century. Broyles raises several issues based on the direction and the extent DeNora has taken some of her arguments.
A tool to estimate the Fermi Large Area Telescope background for short-duration observations
Creators: name: Vasileiou, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The proper estimation of the background is a crucial component of data analyses in astrophysics, such as source detection, temporal studies, spectroscopy, and localization. For the case of the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi spacecraft, approaches to estimate the background for short (less than ~one thousand seconds duration) observations fail if they ignore the strong dependence of the LAT background on the continuously changing observational conditions. We present a (to be) publicly available background-estimation tool created and used by the LAT Collaboration in several analyses of Gamma Ray Bursts. This tool can accurately estimate the expected LAT background for any observational conditions, including, for example, observations with rapid variations of the Fermi spacecraft's orientation occurring during automatic repointings.
description: Accepted for publication by Astroparticle Physics
Free boundary conditions and the AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$ correspondence
Creators: name: Apolo, Luis
name: Porrati, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the recently proposed free boundary conditions for AdS$_3$ are dual to two-dimensional quantum gravity in certain fixed gauges. In particular, we note that an appropriate identification of the generator of Virasoro transformations leads to a vanishing total central charge in agreement with the theory at the boundary. We argue that this identification is necessary to match the bulk and boundary generators of Virasoro transformations and for consistency with the constraint equations.
description: 27 pages; v2: corrected sign of Kac-Moody level, added comments on unitarity of the dual theory, added references, published version
Dust Properties of Clumpy Disc Galaxies at z~1.3 with Herschel-SPIRE
Creators: name: Wisnioski, Emily
name: Glazebrook, Karl
name: Blake, Chris
name: Swinbank, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the far-infrared derived dust properties from Herschel SPIRE of the WiggleZ kinematic sample of 13 star-forming galaxies at z~1.3, with existing ancillary ~kpc resolution integral field spectroscopy. We detect 3 galaxies individually and place limits on the remainder by stacking. The detected galaxies, two clumpy discs and one merger, have cold dust temperatures of ~26 K and have infrared luminosities of ~1.2x10^12 solar luminosities, determined by modified blackbody fitting. The two detected disc galaxies have the largest Hαsurface areas of the sample and have the reddest ultraviolet to near-infrared spectral energy distributions. The likely source of the infrared luminosity in these objects is dust heated by the interstellar radiation field and young stellar emission from the clumps within the discs. The source of infrared luminosity for the merger is likely a dust heated by a starburst resulting from the merger. The WiggleZ detections are among the coldest and lowest luminosity individual objects detected in the far-infrared at z>1. When combining the kinematic data, we find that none of the compact galaxies nor the 'dispersion dominated' galaxies of the WiggleZ kinematic sample are detected, implying that they have warmer dust temperatures. The compact objects show the highest Hαvelocity dispersions in the sample, in qualitative agreement with bulge formation models. These far-infrared results strengthen the interpretation that the majority of galaxies in this sample constitute different stages in clumpy disc formation as presented from ancillary kinematic analysis.
description: 10 pages, 5 figues, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Optimal Distributed Controller Design with Communication Delays: Application to Vehicle Formations
Creators: name: Feyzmahdavian, Hamid Reza
name: Alam, Assad
name: Gattami, Ather
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper develops a controller synthesis algorithm for distributed LQG control problems under output feedback. We consider a system consisting of three interconnected linear subsystems with a delayed information sharing structure. While the state-feedback case of this problem has previously been solved, the extension to output-feedback is nontrivial, as the classical separation principle fails. To find the optimal solution, the controller is decomposed into two independent components. One is delayed centralized LQR, and the other is the sum of correction terms based on additional local information. Explicit discrete-time equations are derived whose solutions are the gains of the optimal controller.
description: Submitted to the 51nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2012
Report of the Pasadena Municipal Lighting Works
Creators: name: Hill, Harold Curtis
name: Lewis, Stanley Morton
name: Ward, Royal Vincent
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1911
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: Electrical Engineering

description: A proposal was made by Mr. Thum to President Scherer that certain of the students of Throop Polytechnic Institute be given the task of making a report on the Municipal Lighting Works of Pasadena. For expenditures in connection with such a report Mr. Thum very kindly offered to deposit a certain sum with the Institute. This offer was taken under consideration by the Faculty, and upon investigation of the time at the disposal of the various students, the problem was placed before the Senior Class as an elective subject for a thesis.

This offer the Senior Class was very glad to accept, and work was commenced at the beginning of the second semester of the year 1910-1911. A rough outline of the various items to be taken up in such a report was furnished by Prof. Sorensen and later suggestions were made by Dean Damon. As actually accomplished, the work covers a detailed description of the plant and distribution system with drawings and maps, an appraisement of the property, a summary of segregated costs, capacities, etc., a statement of the general methods employed in financing public utilities, various suggestions as to possible improvements, and a partial description of the accounting system in use by the Municipal Lighting Works.

The figures found in the summary may be considered as accurate to within five per cent. of the cost of the plant altho sufficient time was not available for a detailed study of this phase of the problem. The idea has been rather to obtain data from which rough estimates of similar equipment could be made.
Machine learning methods for the classification of UXO from electromagnetic data in marine settings
Creators: name: Lopez-Alvis, Jorge
name: Heagy, Lindsey
name: Oldenburg, Doug
name: Billings, Stephen
name: Song, Lin-Ping
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Unexploded Ordnance
Machine learning
Classification
Electromagnetics

description: Presented at the 2022 SERDP/ESTCP and OE-I Symposium
Ideal Multifeed Farm Case Study Report
Creators: name: 19b1017
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Every company in the business industry wants to achieve a form of success that is subjective to them. Ideal multifeed farms see success in not only by maximising profits but also by producing the best supply of meat to their clients in order to retain customer loyalty. One of the indicators of a company’s success is in the performance of the business which according to the standard causal model of human resource management (HRM) is impacted by the use of human resource (HR) practices and HRM outcomes. Ideal multifeed farm’s success story has rooted the importance of an effective management in an organisation in order to achieve the height of success that the company did. This serves as an inspiration to many other Brunei Malay companies to make use of effective human resource practices and management in order to achieve success.
A. An Investigation of the Relation Between the Tensile Strength and (Brinell) Hardness of Non-Ferrous Alloys. B. A Design of a Fatigue Testing Machine for a College Laboratory
Creators: name: Call, Raymond Fuller
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1915
Subjects: subject: Engineering
subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: No abstract.
Global Patterns in Island Colonization during the Holocene
Creators: name: Leppard, Thomas P.
name: Cochrane, Ethan E.
name: Gaffney, Dylan
name: Hofman, Corinne L.
name: Laffoon, Jason E.
name: Bunbury, Magdalena M. E.
name: Broodbank, Cyprian
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Article
subject: Biogeography
subject: Connectivity
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Dispersal
subject: Islands
subject: Migration
subject: Seafaring

description: Abstract: Analysis of the spatial and temporal structure of global island colonization allows us to frame the extent of insular human cultural diversity, model the impact of common environmental factors cross-culturally, and understand the contribution of island maritime societies to big historical processes. No such analysis has, however, been undertaken since the 1980s. In this paper we review and update global patterns in island colonization, synthesizing data from all the major island groups and theaters and undertaking quantitative and qualitative analysis of these data. We demonstrate the continued relevance of certain biogeographic and environmental factors in structuring how humans colonized islands during the Holocene. Our analysis also suggests the importance of other factors, some previously anticipated—such as culturally ingrained seafaring traditions and technological enhancement of dispersal capacity—but some not, such as the relationship between demographic growth and connectivity, differing trophic limitations impinging on colonizing farmers versus hunter-gatherer-foragers, and the constraining effects of latitude. We also connect colonization with continental dynamics: both the horizontal transmission of farming lifestyles earlier in the Holocene, and subsequent centrifugal processes associated with early state formation later in the Holocene.
Implementation of Circle Pattern Parameterization
Creators: name: Kharevych, Liliya
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2006
Subjects: circle patterns
Conformal parameterizations
meshing
discrete analytic functions
discrete differential geometry
Computer Science
texture mapping

description: Circle Pattern is a novel method for the construction of discrete conformal mappings from surface meshes of arbitrary topology to the plane. This approach is based on representing mesh as arrangements of circles – one for each face – with prescribed intersection angles. Given these angles the circle radii follow as the unique minimizer of a convex energy. The method supports very flexible boundary conditions ranging from free boundaries to control of the boundary shape via prescribed curvatures. Closed meshes of genus zero can be parameterized over the sphere. To parameterize higher genus meshes we introduce cone singularities at designated vertices. The parameter domain is then a piecewise Euclidean surface. Cone singularities can also help to reduce the often very large area distortion of global conformal maps to moderate levels. Our method involves two optimization problems: a quadratic program and the unconstrained minimization of the circle pattern energy. The latter is a convex function of logarithmic radius variables with simple explicit expressions for gradient and Hessian. In this paper we demonstrate implementation details and possible extensions to the Circle Pattern method.
Lelong functional on almost complex manifolds
Creators: name: Drnovsek, Barbara Drinovec
name: Kuzman, Uros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We establish plurisubharmonicity of the envelope of Lelong functional on almost complex manifolds of real dimension four, thereby we generalize the corresponding result for complex manifolds.
Towards Building Voice-based Conversational Recommender Systems: Datasets, Potential Solutions, and Prospects
Creators: name: Qu, Xinghua
name: Liu, Hongyang
name: Sun, Zhu
name: Yin, Xiang
name: Ong, Yew Soon
name: Lu, Lu
name: Ma, Zejun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Conversational recommender systems (CRSs) have become crucial emerging research topics in the field of RSs, thanks to their natural advantages of explicitly acquiring user preferences via interactive conversations and revealing the reasons behind recommendations. However, the majority of current CRSs are text-based, which is less user-friendly and may pose challenges for certain users, such as those with visual impairments or limited writing and reading abilities. Therefore, for the first time, this paper investigates the potential of voice-based CRS (VCRSs) to revolutionize the way users interact with RSs in a natural, intuitive, convenient, and accessible fashion. To support such studies, we create two VCRSs benchmark datasets in the e-commerce and movie domains, after realizing the lack of such datasets through an exhaustive literature review. Specifically, we first empirically verify the benefits and necessity of creating such datasets. Thereafter, we convert the user-item interactions to text-based conversations through the ChatGPT-driven prompts for generating diverse and natural templates, and then synthesize the corresponding audios via the text-to-speech model. Meanwhile, a number of strategies are delicately designed to ensure the naturalness and high quality of voice conversations. On this basis, we further explore the potential solutions and point out possible directions to build end-to-end VCRSs by seamlessly extracting and integrating voice-based inputs, thus delivering performance-enhanced, self-explainable, and user-friendly VCRSs. Our study aims to establish the foundation and motivate further pioneering research in the emerging field of VCRSs. This aligns with the principles of explainable AI and AI for social good, viz., utilizing technology's potential to create a fair, sustainable, and just world.
description: Accepted by SIGIR 2023 Resource Track
NNLO QCD corrections to Higgs pair production via vector boson fusion at hadron colliders
Creators: name: Liu-Sheng, Ling
name: Ren-You, Zhang
name: Wen-Gan, Ma
name: Lei, Guo
name: Wei-Hua, Li
name: Xiao-Zhou, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measurement of the Higgs pair production via vector boson fusion can be used to test the trilinear Higgs self-coupling and the $VVHH$ $(V=Z,W)$ quartic gauge interactions. In this paper we present the calculations of the next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD corrections to the SM Higgs boson pair production via vector boson fusion at hadron colliders with the center-of-mass energy of $14$, $33$, and $100 {\rm TeV}$ by using the structure function approach, and study the residual uncertainties from the factorization/renormalization scale, parton distribution functions and $α_s$ on the total cross section. We also provide the distributions of transverse momenta, rapidities, invariant mass and azimuthal angle separations of final Higgs bosons. We observe a considerable quantitative reduction in the scale uncertainty due to the next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD corrections, and find that the total cross section is sensitive to the trilinear Higgs self-coupling.
description: 27 pages, 11 figures
Three-dimensional modeling of radiative disks in binaries
Creators: name: Picogna, Giovanni
name: Marzari, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Circumstellar disks in binaries are perturbed by the companion gravity causing significant alterations of the disk morphology. Spiral waves due to the companion tidal force also develop in the vertical direction and affect the disk temperature profile. These effects may significantly influence the process of planet formation. We perform 3D numerical simulations of disks in binaries with different initial dynamical configurations and physical parameters. Our goal is to investigate their evolution and their propensity to grow planets. We use an improved version of the SPH code VINE modified to better account for momentum and energy conservation. The energy equation includes a flux--limited radiative transfer algorithm and the disk cooling is obtained via "boundary particles". We model a system made of star/disk + star/disk where the secondary star (and relative disk) is less massive than the primary. The numerical simulations performed for different values of binary separation and disk density show that the disk morphology is substantially affected by the companion perturbations. Trailing spiral shock waves develop when the stars approach their pericenter. Strong hydraulic jumps occur at the shock front creating breaking waves and a consistent mass stream between the two disks, significantly heating them. The high gas temperature may prevent the ice condensation by moving outward the "snow line". The hydraulic jumps may slow down or even halt the dust coagulation process. At apocenter these perturbations are reduced and the disks are cooled down and less eccentric. The strength of the hydraulic jumps, disk heating, and mass exchange depends on the binary separation, and for larger semi-major axes, the tidal spiral pattern is substantially reduced.
description: 15 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Leaky ryanodine receptors in β-sarcoglycan deficient mice: a potential common defect in muscular dystrophy
Creators: name: Reiken, Steven R.
name: Betzenhauser, Matthew J.
name: Umanskaya, Alisa
name: Shiomi, Takayuki
name: D'Armiento, Jeanine Marie
name: Marks, Andrew R.
name: Andersson, Daniel C.
name: Meli, Albano C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biophysics
Cytology

description: Disruption of the sarcolemma-associated dystrophin-glycoprotein complex underlies multiple forms of muscular dystrophy, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy and sarcoglycanopathies. A hallmark of these disorders is muscle weakness. In a murine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, mdx mice, cysteine-nitrosylation of the calcium release channel/ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) on the skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum causes depletion of the stabilizing subunit calstabin1 (FKBP12) from the RyR1 macromolecular complex. This results in a sarcoplasmic reticular calcium leak via defective RyR1 channels. This pathological intracellular calcium leak contributes to reduced calcium release and decreased muscle force production. It is unknown whether RyR1 dysfunction occurs also in other muscular dystrophies. To test this we used a murine model of Limb-Girdle muscular dystrophy, deficient in β-sarcoglycan (Sgcb−/−). Skeletal muscle RyR1 from Sgcb−/− deficient mice were oxidized, nitrosylated, and depleted of the stabilizing subunit calstabin1, which was associated with increased open probability of the RyR1 channels. Sgcb−/− deficient mice exhibited decreased muscle specific force and calcium transients, and displayed reduced exercise capacity. Treating Sgcb−/− mice with the RyR stabilizing compound S107 improved muscle specific force, calcium transients, and exercise capacity. We have previously reported similar findings in mdx mice, a murine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Our data suggest that leaky RyR1 channels may underlie multiple forms of muscular dystrophy linked to mutations in genes encoding components of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. A common underlying abnormality in calcium handling indicates that pharmacological targeting of dysfunctional RyR1 could be a novel therapeutic approach to improve muscle function in Limb-Girdle and Duchenne muscular dystrophies.
Dilepton spectra in p+p and Au+Au collisions at RHIC
Creators: name: Dahms, Torsten
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: p+p
photon
φ
ω
cross section
run04
run05
au+au
charm
bottom
dilepton
dielectron

description: This work presents measurements of electron-positron pairs from p+p collisions at √s = 200 GeV collected during the 2005 RHIC run and compares them to results from Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV taken in 2004 with the PHENIX detector.
Identification of recurring patterns in fractionated atrial electrograms using new transform coefficients
Creators: name: Ciaccio, Edward J.
name: Biviano, Angelo
name: Whang, William
name: Garan, Hasan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biomedical engineering

description: Identification of recurrent patterns in complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAE) has been used to differentiate paroxysmal from persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Detection of the atrial CFAE patterns might therefore be assistive in guiding radiofrequency catheter ablation to drivers of the arrhythmia. In this study a technique for robust detection and classification of recurrent CFAE patterns is described. CFAE were obtained from the four pulmonary vein ostia, and from the anterior and posterior left atrium, in 10 patients with paroxysmal AF and 10 patients with longstanding persistent AF (216 recordings in total). Sequences 8.4 s in length were analyzed (8,192 sample points, 977 Hz sampling). Among the 216 sequences, two recurrent patterns A and B were substituted for 4 and 5 of the sequences, respectively. To this data, random interference, and random interference + noise were separately added. Basis vectors were constructed using a new transform that is derived from ensemble averaging. Patterns A and B were then detected and classified using a threshold level of Euclidean distance between spectral signatures as constructed with transform coefficients. In the presence of interference, sensitivity to detect and distinguish two patterns A and B was 96.2%, while specificity to exclude nonpatterns was 98.0%. In the presence of interference + noise, sensitivity was 89.1% while specificity was 97.0%. Transform coefficients computed from ensemble averages can be used to succinctly quantify synchronized patterns present in AF data. The technique is useful to automatically detect recurrent patterns in CFAE that are embedded in interference without user bias. This quantitation can be implemented in real-time to map the AF substrate prior to and during catheter ablation.
Entanglement entropy for non-zero genus topologies
Creators: name: Kumar, S. Santhosh
name: Ghosh, Suman
name: Shankaranarayanan, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the last three decades entanglement entropy has been obtained for quantum fields propagating in genus zero topologies (Spheres). For scalar fields propagating in these topologies, it has been shown that the entanglement entropy scales as area. In the last few years non-trivial topologies are increasingly relevant for different areas. For instance, in describing quantum phases, it has been realized that long-range entangled states are described by topological order. If quantum entanglement can plausibly provide explanation for these, it then imperative to obtain entanglement entropy in these topologies. In this work, using two different methods, we explicitly show that the entanglement entropy scales as area of the genus-1 geometry.
description: 13 Pages, 8 Figures
Spectroscopic Observations of Planetary Nebulae in the Northern Spur of M31
Creators: name: Fang, X.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Garcia-Benito, R.
name: Liu, X. -W.
name: Yuan, H. -B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spectroscopy of three planetary nebulae (PNe) in the Northern Spur of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) obtained with the Double Spectrograph on the 5.1 m Hale Telescope at the Palomar Observatory. The samples are selected from the observations of Merrett et al. Our purpose is to investigate formation of the substructures of M31 using PNe as a tracer of chemical abundances. The [O III] 4363 auroral line is detected in the spectra of two objects, enabling temperature determinations. Ionic abundances are derived from the observed collisionally excited lines, and elemental abundances of nitrogen, oxygen, and neon as well as sulphur and argon are estimated. Correlations between oxygen and the alpha-element abundance ratios are studied, using our sample and the M31 disk and bulge PNe from the literature. In one of the three PNe, we observed relatively higher oxygen abundance compared to the disk sample in M31 at similar galactocentric distances. The results of at least one of the three Northern Spur PNe might be in line with the proposed possible origin of the Northern Spur substructure of M31, i.e. the Northern Spur is connected to the Southern Stream and both substructures comprise the tidal debris of the satellite galaxies of M31.
description: 5 tables, 17 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ
Crossover Behaviour In Driven Cascades
Creators: name: Burridge, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a model which explains how power-law crossover behaviour can arise in a system which is capable of experiencing cascading failure. In our model the susceptibility of the system to cascades is described by a single number, the propagation power, which measures the ease with which cascades propagate. Physically, such a number could represent the density of unstable material in a system, its internal connectivity, or the mean susceptibility of its component parts to failure. We assume that the propagation power follows an upward drifting Brownian motion between cascades, and drops discontinuously each time a cascade occurs. Cascades are described by a continuous state branching process with distributional properties determined by the value of the propagation power when they occur. In common with many cascading models, pure power law behaviour is exhibited at a critical level of propagation power, and the mean cascade size diverges. This divergence constrains large systems to the subcritical region. We show that as a result, crossover behaviour appears in the cascade distribution when an average is performed over the distribution of propagation power. We are able to analytically determine the exponents before and after the crossover.
Controlling the Velocities and Number of Emitted Particles in the Tunneling to Open Space Dynamics
Creators: name: Lode, Axel U. J.
name: Klaiman, Shachar
name: Alon, Ofir. E.
name: Streltsov, Alexej I.
name: Cederbaum, Lorenz S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A scheme to control the many-boson tunneling process to open space is derived and demonstrated. The number of ejected particles and their velocities can be controlled by two parameters, the threshold of the potential and the interparticle interaction. Since these parameters are fully under experimental control, this is also the case for the number of ejected particles and their emission spectrum. The process of tunneling to open space can hence be used, for example, for the quantum simulation of complicated tunneling ionization processes and atom lasers. To understand the many-body tunneling process, a generalization of the model introduced in [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 13521 (2012)] for tunneling in the absence of a threshold is put forward and proven to apply for systems with a non-zero threshold value. It is demonstrated that the model is applicable for general interparticle interaction strengths, particle numbers and threshold values. The model constructs the many-body process from single-particle emission processes. The rates and emission momenta of the single-particle processes are determined by the chemical potentials and energy differences to the threshold value of the potential for systems with different particle numbers. The chemical potentials and these energy differences depend on the interparticle interaction. Both the number of confined particles and their rate of emission thus allow for a control by the manipulation of the interparticle interaction and the threshold. Numerically exact results for two, three and one hundred bosons are shown and discussed. The devised control scheme for the many-body tunneling process performs very well for the dynamics of the momentum density, the correlations, the coherence and of the final state, i.e., the number of particles that remain confined in the potential.
description: 36 pages, 14 figures