cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Pyrano[2,3-c]Pyrazole Derivatives
Creators: name: Alzahrani, Abdullah Y.
name: Danial, Enas N.
name: El-Ziaty, A. K.
name: Ali, Rania S.
name: Hassan, A. M. A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Antimicrobial activity is one of the most critical functional properties of β-enaminonitriles, pyranopyrazoles, and pyrazolopyranopyrimidines since bacteria and fungi very quickly attack these heterocycles. Therefore, a series of novel β-enaminonitriles (3a–d) were constructed by different pathways. An efficient MCR of these derivatives involving β-ketoesters, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, malononitrile, and aromatic aldehydes using different catalysts under reaction conditions with excellent yields is established. The β-enaminonitrile (3a) was used as a key intermediate for the synthesis of heterocycles as pyrazolopyranopyrimidines (4, 6) and pyranopyrazoles (5, 7, and 8). The chemical structures were confirmed through elemental analysis and spectral data as FT-IR,1H-NMR,13C-NMR, and mass spectra. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds has been tested against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The compounds (3a, 3b, and 3d) showed good antibacterial activity, but compound (3c) displayed a potent high inhibitory activity Additionally, the antifungal activity has been tested against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp. and Candida albicans, the compound (3a, 3b, 3d, 4, and 6) showed good antifungal activity. The potential inclusion of nitro substituents may undoubtedly increase the activity of these compounds. Based on the inhibition zone determination, the results indicated that these novel heterocycles improve their antimicrobial activity. The molecular docking was studied, Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase binding affinities and viable interaction modes were rationalized using a molecular docking study conducted against S. aureus bacteria.
A suggestion for solving the international liquidity problem
Creators: name: MODIGLIANI, F.
name: KENEN, P.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: International liquidity, reserves, MIT, monetary unit
subject: E42, F31, F33, F34

description: The article takes up the debate on the problem of international liquidity. While a significant consensus has emerged on several major issues in recent years, no single plan has been adopted. The main problem blocking adoption of a particular plan is how to determine, and who will control, decisions as to the rate at which total reserves should change over time. Here the authors outline a plan designed to provide a workable answer, including the proposal of a new international monetary unit, referred to as the Medium for International Transactions (MIT). In order to bring out most clearly the basic properties and goals of the proposed system, how the system could be set up and would function is described, assuming that the MIT is the sole legal tender for international transactions between central banks. It is then shown how the system could be modified to permit the continued use of gold, along with the MIT. Finally, some of the issues that will have to be resolved if the participating parties are not prepared to disregard the past are dealt with. JEL: E42, F31, F33, F34
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 19, N. 76 (1966)
Peril and promise : legal aid and securitized asylum policies
Creators: name: Morgan, Nancy Mary Jane
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Recent developments in governmental guarantees for legal aid for asylum claimants have corresponded to increased state security measures that restrict refugee claims. This thesis examines the intersection between legal aid, refugee claimants, and securitized and criminalized asylum policies in western states, with a particular focus on the Canadian context. As legal aid becomes a standardized policy response to refugee claimants, its functions are not only of significance to individual nation states, but also to the processes of global migration, and in particular, to international systems of refugee asylum. My argument is that the operation of legal aid for refugee claimants exists on several levels, a duality of purposes that are complexly related and contradictory. On one level, refugee legal aid operates to ensure procedural protection and increase positive outcomes for refugee claimants. On another level, legal aid functions to support developments that seek to control accepted refugee claims. As manifest in migration laws and policies of refugee-receiving nations, these developments are part of the "securitization" and "criminalization" of migration. I argue that legal aid supports the securitization of refugee asylum through its power as a source of legitimacy. As a powerful assertion of state commitments to liberal values and refugee protection, a system of refugee legal aid acts as a legitimacy counterbalance to policies that neglect these commitments in favour of state and societal security. To illustrate my argument that legal aid functions as a support to securitized asylum polices, my primary focus is on legal aid's relationship to the specific asylum polices of Canada, but I also discuss the operation of legal aid in the international sphere, and its use in media reports. As part of the duality of legal aid's operation, I also detail the concrete effects legal aid has on refugee determination tribunal proceedings, in terms of a strong correlation between positive outcomes and legal representation.
Bracon (Bracon) semialutaceus GRANGER 1949
Creators: name: Madl, M.
name: Achterberg, C. Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Bracon
Bracon semialutaceus

description: Bracon (Bracon) semialutaceus GRANGER 1949
 Bracon semialutaceus n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 56 (key), 66 (descr. ♀, Madagascar), 67 (fig. 68), 70 (fig. 76).
 Bracon semialutaceus GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT 1978: 1537 (cat.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Toliara: Bekily.
Endemic.
description: Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364
Monetary developments in Italy from 1961 to 1965
Creators: name: BAFFI, P.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Italy, balance of payments, credit, development
subject: E40, E51, F32, O11

description: The author considers Italy’s “economic miracle” of the 1950s, during which economic expansion was coupled with price stability. The monetary developments are connected to the balance of payments surplus/deficit and the treasury cash deficits, and depend on the supply and demand for credit. The author concludes that a number of internal and external constraints hinders further economic expansion of the country. JEL: E40, E51, F32, O11
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 19, N. 76 (1966)
Height fluctuations in homoepitaxial thin film growth: A numerical study
Creators: name: Carrasco, I. S. S.
name: Oliveira, T. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the investigation of height distributions (HDs) and spatial covariances of two-dimensional surfaces obtained from extensive numerical simulations of the celebrated Clarke-Vvedensky (CV) model for homoepitaxial thin film growth. In this model, the effect of temperature, deposition flux, and strengths of atom-atom interactions are encoded in two parameters: the diffusion to deposition ratio $R=D/F$ and $\varepsilon$, which is related to the probability of an adatom "breaking" a lateral bond. We demonstrate that the HDs present a strong dependence on both $R$ and $\varepsilon$, and even after the deposition of $10^5$ monolayers (MLs) they are still far from the asymptotics in some cases. For instance, the temporal evolution of the HDs' skewness (kurtosis) displays a pronounced minimum (maximum), for small $R$ and $\varepsilon$, and only at long times it passes to increase (decrease) toward its asymptotic value. However, it is hard to determine whether they converge to a single value or different nonuniversal ones. For large $R$ and/or $\varepsilon$, on the other hand, these quantities clearly converge to the values expected for the Villain-Lai-Das Sarma (VLDS) universality class. A similar behavior is observed in the spatial covariances, but with weaker finite-time effects, so that rescaled curves of them collapse quite well with the one for the VLDS class at long times. Simulations of a model with limited mobility of particles, which captures some essential features of the CV model in the limit of irreversible aggregation ($\varepsilon=0$), reveal a similar scenario. Overall, these results point out that the study of fluctuations in homoepitaxial thin films' surfaces can be a very difficult task and shall be performed very carefully, once typical experimental films have $\lesssim 10^4$ MLs, so that their HDs and covariances can be in the realm of transient regimes.
Productivity and the distribution of income to factors in Italy (1951-63)
Creators: name: DE MEO, G.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Italy, productivity, income distribution, real wages, employment
subject: E24, J24

description: The article illustrates synthetically the main conclusions of a study on productivity and income distribution in Italy in the period 1951-63. The author considers partial and total productivity, total productivity measures, distribution of income factors, income from dependent labour and saving, output, total productivity, technical progress and capital intensity, disaggregation of technical progress, the capital-output ratio, changes in the demand structure, and income per unit of labour and per unit of capital. It is shown that the very considerable rise in productivity and real wages, as well as in employment, is the most significant feature of the prodigious progress made by the Italian economic system in recent years. Some policy implications are provided in the concluding remarks. JEL: E24, J24
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 19, N. 76 (1966)
Kooperatives Lernen in der Stadt St. Gallen eine qualitative Interviewbefragung : gemeinsam mehr erreichen...
Creators: name: Wagner, Chantal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Kooperatives Lernen
Masterarbeit

description: Diese Forschungsarbeit befasst sich mit dem Thema „Kooperatives Lernen in der Stadt St. Gallen“. In einem ersten Teil werden relevante Theorien aus der Literatur vorgestellt. Der empirisch orientierte zweite Teil befasst sich mit Aussagen von sechs Mittelstufenlehrkräften der Stadt St. Gallen. Mittels Interviews wird erfragt, wie sie den Stellenwert vom kooperativen Lernen im Unterricht einschätzen und wie sie die kooperativen Lernformen im Unterricht umsetzen. Weiter werden Empfehlungen für die schulische Praxis gezogen. Es zeigt sich, dass das kooperative Lernen einen hohen Stellenwert im Schulalltag hat und Teilbereiche der kooperativen Lernformen regelmässig eingesetzt werden. Als positiven Aspekt nennen die Lehrpersonen unter anderem die hohe aktive Beteiligung der Lernenden im Unterricht. Negativ empfinden sie den erhöhten Zeitaufwand für den Einsatz kooperativer Lernformen.
Hann, Chris and Don Kalb (eds.). 2020. Financialization. Relational Approaches Afterword by Gavin Smith. London, New York: Berghahn Books. 358 pp. Hb.: $149.00/£110.00. ISBN: 9781789207514.
Creators: name: Field, Sean
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Book review
Bracon (Bracon) sinuatissimus GRANGER 1949
Creators: name: Madl, M.
name: Achterberg, C. Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Bracon
Bracon sinuatissimus

description: Bracon (Bracon) sinuatissimus GRANGER 1949
 Bracon sinuatissimus n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 55 (key), 58 (descr. ♀, Madagascar), 59 (fig. 55). Bracon sinuatissimus GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT 1978: 1539 (cat.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Antananarivo: Massif de l'Ankaratra.
Endemic.
description: Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364
Money substitutes and interest rate determination: the Australian case
Creators: name: ARGY, V.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Australia, money substitutes, interest rates, liquidity
subject: E42, E43

description: The paper describes a test carried out to asses the significance of money substitutes in interest rate determination in Australia in the years 1953-1963. The test involved a comparison of four simple alternative hypotheses where four independent variables correspond to four alternative indices of liquidity. According to the results, the author infers that making an explicit allowance for money substitutes does not contribute to the explanation of the behaviour of the rate of interest, parallelling the results obtained from other studies. JEL: E42, E43
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 19, N. 76 (1966)
Risk of Livestock Farms: Focus on Pig Farms
Creators: name: Miyata, Tsuyoshi
name: Miyata, Tsuyoshi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: growth and stability of pig farms
subject: outbreak of risk
subject: risk disposal plane and behavior
subject: financial loss of large scale pig corporation
subject: foot and mouth disease

description: This paper elucidates various kinds of risk for livestock farms. In particular, this paper elucidates various kinds of risk at the heart of pig farms from the point of view of case studies in Gunma Prefecture and Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. Some concrete examples include the outbreak of livestock infectivity risk, risk of rising formula feed prices and risk of price drop of livestock products. Secondly, this paper analyzes the risk disposal plane and behavior when pig farms choose among systems, funds and mutual aid projects. When the livestock infectivity risk rose in a large-scale pig corporation, the amount of damage exceeded the standard scale of family pig farms. When formula feed prices rose from 2006 to 2008, a large-scale pig corporation suffered financial loss. After foot-and-mouth disease occurred in Miyazaki Prefecture in 2010, the restart of pig farms suffered instability because of their technical level and various factors.
The use of econometric models for long-term policies: a critical view
Creators: name: SPAVENTA, L.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Econometric model, policy, long term
subject: C01, E61

description: The present work provides a first appraisal of the contribution that econometric models can make to long-run economic policy. Rather than a detailed exposition or critique of the individual models, a more general analysis is provided. The author first outlines the econometric models considered, all of which provide a more or less accurate description of the state of the economic system in some future moment of time. In order to appraise the reliability of the information provided by the models their main relationships are examined from the point of view of their simultaneous working in the context of the whole model. Finally, the author examines what utility the more or less reliable information provided by formal models purporting to represent the hypothetical or desired situation of the economy at a certain date can have for economic policy decisions. The author concludes that there is no available econometric model from which reliable and useful information can be obtained for planning and for economic policy. Moreover, no reliable and useful indication is ever likely to be obtained from so-called consistency models. JEL: C01, E61
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 19, N. 77 (1966)
American direct investments in the Common Market
Creators: name: BALASSA, B.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Manufacturing, investments, US, Europe, policy
subject: F21, L60

description: The author considers the US share of manufacturing investments in Western Europe. He concludes that despite widely voiced concerns, there are no risks for national sovereignty. The author recognises that US companies derive technological and productivity advantages from government financed research and sales to federal agencies. He thus calls for a coordinated policy of research and public policy of research and public procurement in Europe as well. JEL: F21, L60
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 19, N. 77 (1966)
Englischlernen trotz Schwierigkeiten in der Erstsprache aufgrund eines Migrations-hintergrundes Lehrmittelevaluation des Lehrmittels Young World 2 für Kinder mit Förderbedarf resultierend aus Schwierigkeiten im Erstspracherwerb basierend auf einem Migrationshintergrund
Creators: name: Schumacher, Sandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Migrationshintergrund
Muttersprache
Englischunterricht
Masterarbeit

description: Diese Literaturarbeit, die auf der klassischen Quellenforschung basiert, konzentriert sich auf die Schwierigkeiten des Englischlernens der Lernenden, welche Mühe in ihrer Erstsprache aufgrund eines Migrationshintergrundes bekunden. Es wird gezeigt, dass sowohl Erst-, Zweit und Fremdspracherwerb zusammenhängen und von der Migration beeinflusst werden. Dies hat Auswirkungen auf das Lernen der Kinder. Durch diese Zusammenhänge konnten verschiedene Kriterien, welche für die Lernenden unterstützend wirken, ausgearbeitet werden. Diese sozialen, psychologischen und pädagogischen Kriterien, welche ebenfalls auf der Schulbuchforschung basieren, wurden als Grundstein für eine Lehrmittelevaluation von Young World 2 benutzt. Dies legt offen, wie eine Förderung anhand des Lehrmittels Young World 2 bei Schwierigkeiten in der Erstsprache basierend auf einem Migrationshintergrund stattfinden kann.
title: Great Britain Ministry of Information - Daily Press Notices and Bulletins (1944-05-02)
Creators: name: Great Britain. Ministry Of Information.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1944
Subjects: subject: World War, 1939-1945 – Social aspects
subject: World War, 1939-1945 -- History
subject: World War II
subject: Second World War
subject: World War Two
subject: Great Britain

description: From the UK National Archives: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm “Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain’s declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The initial functions of the MOI were threefold: news and press censorship; home publicity; and oversees publicity in Allied and neutral countries”. This collection contains Press Notices and Bulletins published by the MOI between 1939-1945. The Press Notices and Bulletins are among many publications and films issued by the agency during the war.
title: 'A Manly Desire to Learn' : the Teaching of the Classics in Nineteenth Century Scotland
Creators: name: Morris, Michael John
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2008

description: This thesis presents an examination of the teaching of Latin and Greek in Scotland's universities and schools, both private and public, in the nineteenth century. This was the period when the Classics occupied a central position in Scottish education and, as a result, more undergraduates studied these ancient languages than ever before, or since. The thesis also details the very different institutional traditions exemplified by the nation's ancient schools and universities which were the subject of extensive government examination by a succession of Royal Commissions. This native, largely unexplored, tradition in teaching Latin and Greek is shown to be in marked contrast, both in content and pedagogical philosophy, to the English model as exemplified by the classical curricula taught at Oxford, Cambridge and the leading English public schools. This thesis also examines the anglophile forces which attempted to dilute this Scottish tradition of the 'democratic intellect'; a process that was accelerated by the creation, in 1873, of the Scotch Education Department, based in London, which controlled all school inspection and was later responsible for the introduction and management of the national School Leaving Certificate in 1888. The final chapter provides an examination of the importance of two events: the creation of Scotland's first modem university college, Dundee College, in 1882 and the impact of the admission of women to all the nation's universities a decade later.
Trade Effects of Ensuring Export Discipline through Parallelism: The Case of Skim Milk
Creators: name: Hokazono, Satoshi
name: Maeda, Koushi
name: Hokazono, Satoshi
name: Maeda, Koushi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: WTO agricultural negotiation
subject: export discipline
subject: parallelism
subject: trade effect
subject: policy simulation

description: The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively analyze trade effects of ensuring export discipline through parallelism. A newly developed spatial equilibrium model includes export subsidies, exporting state trading enterprises (exporting STEs) and imperfect competition. The model is applied to international skim milk trade. The main results of the policy simulations are as follows. Firstly, skim milk trade has been distorted by export subsidies in the EU and exporting STEs in New Zealand and Canada. Secondly, the distortion might be greatly corrected by ensuring export discipline through parallelism. Thirdly, supported by the United States and Japan, which receive its benefits, the EU will keep advocating parallelism in the ongoing WTO agricultural negotiations.
Administrative detentions : balancing civil rights and national security
Creators: name: Meir, Adiel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In response to the threat of modern terrorism, democratic governments take steps which curtail civil rights, ostensibly to protect national security. Administrative detention is one of the more commonly taken steps. This paper traces the history of civil liberties and administrative detention in Britain, Canada, the United States, and Israel and examines why democracies deem the continued use of this tool necessary in dealing with perceived national security threats. The advantage of the perspective gained from historical distance, and ways in which democracies might learn from each other's experiences will be explored. The first chapter will examine eras in which administrative detentions have been used, reasons they were deemed necessary, whom they were used against, and the procedures employed in imposing them. This reflection provides insight into what constitutes a true crisis in the life of a democracy, and when it has been considered appropriate to take extraordinary steps to curtail civil liberties in order to protect a nation's democratic way of life. The second chapter will survey the legal tools used to combat terrorism by the United States following the attacks of September 11, 2001, as these pertain to detention of immigrants, and to the relevant provisions in the Patriot Act. The detention of non-citizens as well as American citizens detained and classified as enemy combatants, raises profoundly important issues central to the meaning of life under constitutional government. The third chapter will highlight Israel, a unique democracy which has grappled with terrorism from its very inception. The manner in which Israel has used administrative detentions provides valuable lessons regarding methods which work, and methods which should not be sanctioned. The fourth chapter will address the use of security certificates in Canada. Although Canada's recent Supreme Court ruling that security certificates are unconstitutional should be lauded, solutions to the issues raised in balancing individual rights to procedural fairness and fundamental justice, against public safety, remain largely unexplored. Practical methods used by other Western democracies in order to reach a "middle ground" which would afford the detainee an appropriate measure of due process, while preserving national security, will be discussed.
The balance of payments of developing countries
Creators: name: MADDISON, A.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Balance of payments, developing countries, trade, aid, policy
subject: F31, F32, F35

description: In spite of the large literature on development and the growing number of estimates of future trade or savings “gaps” there are no acceptable or consistent estimates showing the past history or existing state of the balance of payments of developing countries as a group. Moreover, assessing the likely impact of changes in trade or aid policies designed to help the developing world depends on understanding the present situation. The present paper fills this statistical gap, which is so important for policy discussions. The estimates provided are crude, however, they shed light on the magnitude and interrelations of important problems. JEL: F31, F32, F35
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 19, N. 77 (1966)
Clinical algorithm to screen for cardiopulmonary disease in low-income settings
Creators: name: Stewart, Simon
name: Al-Delaimy, Wael K.
name: Sliwa, Karen
name: Magdi Yacoub
name: Mocumbi, Ana
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Africa faces many health challenges, many of which are unique to the continent. Although rarely considered an important contributor to premature death in high-income countries, cardiopulmonary disease (CPD) is, for a number of reasons, a common condition affecting Africans at a young age. In addition to recognizing CPD as an important condition, we outline a pragmatic screening protocol for identifying CPD in the African context. Any attempts to understand the burden of disease in sub-Saharan Africa are doomed to failure if viewed through the prism of experiences in high-income countries. This situation is particularly evident when considering the limited capacity and resources to diagnose complex diseases in many parts of this region. This critical limitation is exacerbated when the complex conditions remain poorly characterized on a global basis. In this Comment article, we outline the conundrum of screening for and diagnosing cardiopulmonary disease (CPD) in the African context on the basis on the following definition: a broad spectrum of conditions concurrently affecting the heart and lungs that ranges from those at high risk of developing right heart failure and death owing to the presence of largely asymptomatic, mild-to-moderate pulmonary hypertension that represents latent CPD, to those who have already developed concurrent and symptomatic lung and/or cardiac pathology that represents established CPD.
REGULATORY/COORDINATION CONSIDERATIONS FACING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A CARIBBEAN INVASIVE SPECIES STRATEGY FROM A MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE PERSPECTIVE
Creators: name: McComie, Lilory D.
name: McComie, Lilory D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Invasive alien species
subject: CISSIP project
subject: regulatory framework
subject: networking
subject: human resources

description: Invasive alien species (IAS) continue to threaten Trinidad and Tobago. The country cannot manage this problem alone, so collaboration with countries in the Greater Caribbean Region as part of a Regional Strategy is imperative to exclude those pests that have not yet entered the country and to manage those that have transcended national boundaries. The Caribbean Invasive Species Surveillance and Information Programme (CISSIP) as a major component of such Strategy is very relevant and timely to address many of the issues associated with IAS. For such an approach to succeed, however, there must be various considerations at the national level. Among these are (i) the legislative and regulatory framework; (ii) long term funding for sustainability; (iii) adequate staffing, (iv) linkages and networking with other stakeholders, (v) compatibility with the Ministry of Agriculture work programme and (vi) security. This paper discusses Regulatory/Coordinating considerations of a Caribbean Invasive Species Strategy in relation to implementation of a project such as the CISSIP project.
GEF REGIONAL PROPOSAL: MITIGATION THE THREATS OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES IN THE INSULAR CARIBBEAN
Creators: name: Kairo, Moses T.K.
name: Krauss, Ulrike
name: Lopez, Vyjayanthi
name: Murphy, Sean
name: Seier, Marion
name: Kairo, Moses T.K.
name: Krauss, Ulrike
name: Lopez, Vyjayanthi
name: Murphy, Sean
name: Seier, Marion
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Following a 2003 report on the threat of invasive alien species in the Caribbean, CAB International (CABI), together with a range of national, regional and international partners, developed a proposal titled 'Mitigating the Threats of Invasive Alien Species in the Insular Caribbean'. The Global Environment Facility (GEF), through the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), recently accepted the proposal for a Project Development Facility Block A (PDF-Α) Grant. This will enable consultations at the national and regional / international levels, aimed at developing a full-size project (FSP) covering invasive aliens species strategies, prevention, control etc. for marine, freshwater and terrestrial systems with wide stakeholder participation. However, before this, further consultation and project planning will take place during a Project Development Facility Block Β (PDF B) phase. This paper describes various elements of the proposal and outlines steps involved in the process of the development of the FSP.
The need for monetary reserves
Creators: name: MACHLUP, F.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Monetary reserves, liquidity, policy, foreign trade
subject: E42, F31, F33

description: The article addresses the question of whether it is possible to find any objective criteria for the need of monetary reserves, either for individual countries or for the world at large. The author first distinguishes between the “need for monetary reserves” and the “demand for international liquidity”. Some of the theories which seek to explain why large reserves are held and considered necessary are examined. In particular, the relations between official reserves and imports, variations of the trade balance, imports and capital outflows, past deficits, domestic money supply and current liabilities are analysed. The author then argues that no particular amount of reserves is needed or adequate. Rather an increase in reserves is needed or adequate to prevent restrictions on foreign trade and payments. Reserves are not needed for any of the purposes emphasized by either theorists or practitioners, but rather are determined by the ambitions of monetary authorities. Moreover, the volume of reserves are not determined by what the authorities want to hold but rather by what they are offered and are willing to accept. Finally, three effects of increases in reserves are highlighted before an application to present-day discussions is provided. JEL: E42, F31, F33
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 19, N. 78 (1966)
Banking and credit in the framework of new economic policies in Eastern Europe
Creators: name: GARVY, G.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Eastern Europe, reform, money, credit, banking
subject: G21, E51

description: In recent times all of the countries of Eastern Europe, save Roumania, have proclaimed their intention to undertake significant changes in their economies. The reforms announced or already initiated amount to a considerable departure from the centrally planned command economies that emerged with the establishment of communist regimes after World War II. The present study focuses on those common features of the new economic policies which affect the future role of money, credit and banking in Eastern Europe. The author first outlines the underlying factors that have motivated the changes before considering the economic system in which they are to be placed. The trend toward greater flexibility in the area of banking and credit is then analysed. Finally, the emerging use of credit as an “economic lever” is considered. JEL: G21, E51
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 19, N. 78 (1966)
title: Great Britain Ministry of Information - Daily Press Notices and Bulletins (1944-05-03)
Creators: name: Great Britain. Ministry Of Information.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1944
Subjects: subject: World War, 1939-1945 – Social aspects
subject: World War, 1939-1945 -- History
subject: World War II
subject: Second World War
subject: World War Two
subject: Great Britain

description: From the UK National Archives: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm “Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain’s declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The initial functions of the MOI were threefold: news and press censorship; home publicity; and oversees publicity in Allied and neutral countries”. This collection contains Press Notices and Bulletins published by the MOI between 1939-1945. The Press Notices and Bulletins are among many publications and films issued by the agency during the war.
TOWARDS A CARIBBEAN REGIONAL DIAGNOSTIC NETWORK
Creators: name: Brown, W.F.
name: Davis, C. G.
name: Klassen, W.
name: Momol, M. Timur
name: Roberts, M. R.
name: Xin, J.
name: Brown, W.F.
name: Davis, C. G.
name: Klassen, W.
name: Momol, M. Timur
name: Roberts, M. R.
name: Xin, J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Invasive alien species
subject: CISSIP
subject: early detection
subject: distance diagnostics
subject: web-based
subject: record keeping
subject: networking

description: The first priority for improvement of the wider Caribbean's diagnostic capabilities is to develop a secure, two-way, up-to-date, Web-based record keeping and communications system for use by first responders, diagnosticians, taxonomists, etc. This will entail the linkage of a region-wide network of institutions and government regulatory agencies into a cohesive, distributed system to quickly detect high consequence invasive alien species (IAS) that have been introduced into the Caribbean's agricultural and natural ecosystems and food system, identify them, and report them to appropriate responders and decision makers. As the computer network is developed, the information on IAS from all of the network's laboratories, clinics and specialists will be shared as appropriate throughout the wider Caribbean region. The Caribbean Regional Diagnostic Network (CRDN) must be capable of rapid, early detection of newly introduced and re-emerging IAS, genetically modified IAS, pesticide-resistant IAS and natural changes in endemic organisms, which may increase their pathogenicity, virulence, host range, etc. To accomplish its mission the CRDN must: (i) establish secure internet communications throughout the network to assure secure communications of sensitive information on IAS related issues, (ii) perform rapid and accurate diagnoses and identifications of IAS as the basis for implementing management and response strategies, and (iii) provide leadership and training to first detectors, diagnosticians and taxonomists.
Heart rate variability and chronotype – a systematic review
Creators: name: Honkalampi, Kirsi
name: Järvelin-Pasanen, Susanna
name: Tarvainen, Mika P.
name: Saaranen, Terhi
name: Vauhkonen, Anneli
name: Kupari, Saana
name: Perkiö-Mäkelä, Merja
name: Räsänen, Kimmo
name: Oksanen, Tuula
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: There is a scarcity of evidence on the association between heart rate variability (HRV) and chronotype, i.e., morningness and eveningness. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the association between chronotype, HRV, mood and stress response. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cinahl, PsycINFO and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles published in English between January 2000 and June 2020. A total of 11 articles met the inclusion criteria and were on study population, assessment of HRV and chronotype, main results and study limitations. Seven of the included studies were experimental and four were crossovers. The sample size varied from 9 to 221 participants, and both females and males were included. HRV was assessed using mostly time-domain and frequency-domain parameters; nonlinear parameters were used in only one study. The most used assessments for measuring chronotype were the Horne-Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). The results showed that chronotype was associated with HRV, but the study designs were situation-specific, focusing, for example, on the effects of shiftwork, stressful situations, exercise, or sleep deprivation on HRV. In addition, some studies showed that evening types (E-type) performed better during evening or nighttime tasks, whereas morning types (M-type) performed better during morning activities. Specifically, E-types showed decreased HRV and HRV recovery in relation to tasks performed during morning or daytime when compared to M-types. As the findings are somewhat contradictory and include some methodological limitations (e.g., small sample sizes, age groups), it is important for future studies to evaluate the association between chronotype and HRV in a longitudinal setting. In addition, further research is needed to determine how chronotype can be optimally and individually utilized to increase the health and well-being of M-type and E-type individuals.
Deliberate reserve creation: an interim solution
Creators: name: OSSOLA, R.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: International monetary system, reserve assets, balance of payments
subject: E42, F32, F33

description: The author considers recent developments in international monetary system reform. He highlights this disagreements, especially on the side of France, with in the Group of Ten. He therefore foresees a general scarcity of reserve assets and proposes a plan for reserve creation to be activated under conditions of a better balance of payments equilibrium between members and a better working of the adjustment process. JEL: E42, F32, F33
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 19, N. 78 (1966)
Artificial magnetic field for synthetic quantum matter without dynamical modulation
Creators: name: Ozawa, Tomoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an all-static method to realize an artificial magnetic field for charge neutral particles without introducing any time modulation. Our proposal consists of one-dimensional tubes subject to harmonic trapping potentials with shifted centers. We show that this setup realizes an artificial magnetic field in a hybrid real-momentum space. We discuss how characteristic features of particles in a magnetic field, such as chiral edge states and the quantized Hall response, can be observed in this setup. We find that the mean-field ground state of bosons in this setup in the presence of long-range interactions in physical real space can have quantized vortices in the hybrid real-momentum space; such a state with vortices exhibits a supersolid structure in the physical real space. Our method can be applied to a variety of synthetic quantum matter, including ultracold atomic gases, coupled photonic cavities, coupled waveguides, and exciton-polariton lattices.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
title: Great Britain Ministry of Information - Daily Press Notices and Bulletins (1944-05-04)
Creators: name: Great Britain. Ministry Of Information.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1944
Subjects: subject: World War, 1939-1945 – Social aspects
subject: World War, 1939-1945 -- History
subject: World War II
subject: Second World War
subject: World War Two
subject: Great Britain

description: From the UK National Archives: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm “Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain’s declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The initial functions of the MOI were threefold: news and press censorship; home publicity; and oversees publicity in Allied and neutral countries”. This collection contains Press Notices and Bulletins published by the MOI between 1939-1945. The Press Notices and Bulletins are among many publications and films issued by the agency during the war.
Bracon (Bracon) subannulicornis GRANGER 1949
Creators: name: Madl, M.
name: Achterberg, C. Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Bracon
Bracon subannulicornis

description: Bracon (Bracon) subannulicornis GRANGER 1949
 Bracon subannulicornis n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 55 (key), 59 (fig. 53), 62 (fig. 65), 63 (descr. ♀, Madagascar).
 Bracon subannulicornis GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT 1978: 1542 (cat.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Toamasina: Toamasina.
Known from the Afrotropical region.
description: Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364
title: The Southern Engine of Growth and Hard Commodity Prices : Does China Lead to Disruptive Development
Creators: name: Farooki, Masuma Zareen
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2010

description: The 2003 to 2008 commodity boom was the longest period of rising commodity prices seen since the Second World War. The main drivers of base metal prices were increasing Demand from China, Inflexible Supply from within the Global Mining Industry and the increased participation of Financial Actors in commodity markets.

This research examines the role of the main drivers in the 2003 to 2008 commodity boom,and their impact on the future behaviour of hard-commodity prices. The persistence of these drivers,despite the interruption due to the financial crisis towards the end of 2008, leads us to conclude that the Boom is the start of an expansionary phase of a commodity Super Cycle.

China's increase in base-metals consumption has directly led to demand disruptions in the global commodity markets. Indirectly, it has affected the global mining sector and influenced a change in perception of financial actors. China's growth has been a disruptive element in traditional commodity price behaviour.

Given the commodity pessimism since the 1950s, the current rise in commodity prices has implications for development policy. The orthodoxy of deteriorating terms of trade of commodities relative to manufactures, price volatility, the low income elasticity of demand and the nature of the global mining industry, are all challenged by the rising trend in commodity prices.

Hard-commodity-exporting countries have an opportunity to benefit from the current and expected growth of commodity prices in the medium term. For base-metal ore abundant countries,commodity optimism may well define the next fifty years of global economic development.
Characterizing the excited-state quantum phase transition via the dynamical and statistical properties of the diagonal entropy
Creators: name: Wang, Qian
name: Pérez-Bernal, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the diagonal entropy, we analyze the dynamical signatures of the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) model excited-state quantum phase transition (ESQPT). We first show that the time evolution of the diagonal entropy behaves as an efficient indicator of the presence of an ESQPT. We further consider the diagonal entropy as a random variable over a certain time interval and we find that its associated probability distribution provides a clear distinction between the different phases of ESQPT. We observe that the probability distribution of the diagonal entropy at the ESQPT critical point has an universal form, well described by a beta distribution, and we demonstrate that a reliable detection of the ESQPT can be obtained from the diagonal entropy central moments.
description: title has been changed, the manuscript has been rewritten, and new references are added