cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Technological changes in the framework of the Northern Hake Long Term Management Plan
Creators: name: Garcia, Dorleta
name: Prellezo, Raúl
name: Santurtun, Marina
name: Arregi, Luis
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session M
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Technologies and data

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.In 2007 an evaluation of the proposed Long Term Management Plans (LTMP) for Northern Stock of Hake was carried out. The evaluation was conducted under a Management Strategy Evaluation approach, with a parameterization based on the ICES assessment of this stock. In the LTMP definition phase some additional questions about the combinations of harvest control rules and technical changes were raised by the European Commission and the North Western Water Regional Advisory Council. In order to answer the questions raised the algorithm used in the 2007 evaluation has been extended. The new algorithm allows the inclusion of discards, the disaggregation of the fishing activity in several fleets and the change of the selection pattern of the fleets. In this manuscript the results of two different runs of the algorithm are presented. In the base case the model is parameterized based on the historical observations and in the alternative case an increase in the mesh size of some trawlers is simulated. In both scenarios the overall exploitation is disaggregated in five fleets and the discards are included in the real system. The base case is compared to the equivalent scenario in the 2007 simulations and to the alternative case. In the new scenarios apart of analysing the biological performance of the system the economic performance of the fleets is also analyzed. The new scenarios show higher uncertainty but similar trends in median compared to 2007 simulations. In the new simulations the differences at stock level are small but at fleet level the differences are high.
Return Value Predictability Profiles for Self-Healing
Creators: name: Locasto, Michael E.
name: Stavrou, Angelos
name: Cretu, Gabriela F.
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science
Anomaly detection (Computer security)

description: Current embryonic attempts at software self-healing produce mechanisms that are often oblivious to the semantics of the code they supervise. We believe that, in order to help inform runtime repair strategies, such systems require a more detailed analysis of dynamic application behavior. We describe how to profile an application by analyzing all function calls (including library and system) made by a process. We create predictability profiles of the return values of those function calls. Self-healing mechanisms that rely on a transactional approach to repair (that is, rolling back execution to a known safe point in control flow or slicing off the current function sequence) can benefit from these return value predictability profiles. Profiles built for the applications we tested can predict behavior with 97% accuracy given a context window of 15 functions. We also present a survey of the distribution of actual return values for real software as well as a novel way of visualizing both the macro and micro structure of the return value distributions. Our system helps demonstrate the feasibility of combining binary-level behavior profiling with self-healing repairs.
Enochrus (Methydrus) paraensis Fernandez 1997
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Liza M.
name: García-Hernández, Andrea L.
name: Clarkson, Bruno
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Hydrophilidae
Enochrus
Enochrus paraensis

description: Enochrus (Methydrus) paraensis Fernández, 1997 (Figs 7, 30) Diagnosis. Body 2.80–3.60 mm long. Head, pronotum and elytra light brown. Prosternum slightly elevated with a small tooth-like projection on anterior portion. Mesoventral process strongly carinate, posterior margin of carina angulate in lateral view. Parameres longer than phallobase, rounded at apex; median lobe shorter than parameres, convex at apex. Geographic distribution. Brazil. First record from Quindío Department and from Colombia. Material examined. Colombia, Quindío Department, Quimbaya Municipality, Manabí neighborhood, 04°36ʹ 46.7ʺ N, 075°51ʹ59.6ʺ W, 995 m a.m.s.l., 2015-II-03-02, L.M. González coll., CIUQ 10602 and 10603 (9 males, 4 females) Remarks. Specimens were collected in streams on stony/ sandy substrates.
description: Published as part of Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Liza M., García-Hernández, Andrea L. & Clarkson, Bruno, 2017, First records of water scavenger beetle species (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from Quindío Department, Colombia, pp. 605-620 in Check List 13 (5) on pages 610-611, DOI: 10.15560/13.5.605
description: {"references": ["Fernandez LA (1997) Nuevos aportes para el conocimiento del genero Enochrus Thomson (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Physis (Buenos Aires) B 53 (124 - 125): 21 - 29."]}
Abundances of PNe in the Outer Disk of M31
Creators: name: Kwitter, Karen B.
name: Lehman, Emma M. M.
name: Balick, Bruce
name: Henry, R. B. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spectroscopic observations and chemical abundances of 16 planetary nebulae (PNe) in the outer disk of M31. The [O III] 4363 line is detected in all objects, allowing a direct measurement of the nebular temperature essential for accurate abundance determinations. Our results show that the abundances in these M31 PNe display the same correlations and general behaviors as Type II PNe in the Milky Way Galaxy. We also calculate photoionization models to derive estimates of central star properties. From these we infer that our sample PNe, all near the peak of the Planetary Nebula Luminosity Function, originated from stars near 2 M_sun. Finally, under the assumption that these PNe are located in M31's disk, we plot the oxygen abundance gradient, which appears shallower than the gradient in the Milky Way.
description: 48 pages, including 12 figures and 8 tables, accepted by Astrophysical Journal
MPEC 2023-X96 : 2023 XB2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 XB2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Broker-Dealer Use of “Idle” Customer Assets: Customer Protection With Sweep Program and Securities Lending
Creators: name: Tepe, George
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Stockbrokers
subject: Stockholders
subject: Case studies
subject: Stockbrokers--Legal status, laws, etc.

description: Equity investors, whether hedge funds or retail investors, must trade stocks through broker-dealers, and when these investors are not actively trading, their securities and uninvested cash remain with their broker-dealer. What broker-dealers do with these “idle” customer assets is a vast and largely unexamined business that is a key source of revenue for broker-dealers. This Note provides the first comprehensive examination of the trade-offs in regulating broker-dealer use of idle customer assets through case studies of broker-dealer sweeps of uninvested customer cash, broker dealer lending of customer margin securities, and the effect of securities lending on customers’ shareholder votes. On one hand, broker-dealer use of idle customer assets potentially increases agency costs and systemic risk by increasing broker-dealer interconnectedness and allowing broker-dealers to profit off customer assets. On the other hand, proper use of idle assets can generate positive outcomes for customers through higher returns and positive social benefits for the general market. This Note proposes and examines potential reforms like increased disclosure and scholars to frame parallel exclusion as a form of monopolization.
On the Infeasibility of Modeling Polymorphic Shellcode
Creators: name: Song, Yingbo
name: Locasto, Michael E.
name: Stavrou, Angelos
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science
Digital signatures

description: Polymorphic malcode remains a troubling threat. The ability formal code to automatically transform into semantically equivalent variants frustrates attempts to rapidly construct a single, simple, easily verifiable representation. We present a quantitative analysis of the strengths and limitations of shellcode polymorphism and consider its impact on current intrusion detection practice. We focus on the nature of shellcode decoding routines. The empirical evidence we gather helps show that modeling the class of self-modifying code is likely intractable by known methods, including both statistical constructs and string signatures. In addition, we develop and present measures that provide insight into the capabilities, strengths, and weaknesses of polymorphic engines. In order to explore countermeasures to future polymorphic threats, we show how to improve polymorphic techniques and create a proof-of-concept engine expressing these improvements. Our results indicate that the class of polymorphic behavior is too greatly spread and varied to model effectively. Our analysis also supplies a novel way to understand the limitations of current signature-based techniques. We conclude that modeling normal content is ultimately a more promising defense mechanism than modeling malicious or abnormal content.
Excitations are localized and relaxation is hierarchical in glass-forming liquids
Creators: name: Keys, Aaron S.
name: Hedges, Lester O.
name: Garrahan, Juan P.
name: Glotzer, Sharon C.
name: Chandler, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For several atomistic models of glass formers, at conditions below their glassy dynamics onset temperatures, ${T_\mathrm{o}}$, we use importance sampling of trajectory space to study the structure, statistics and dynamics of excitations responsible for structural relaxation. Excitations are detected in terms of persistent particle displacements of length $a$. At supercooled conditions, for $a$ of the order of or smaller than a particle diameter, we find that excitations are associated with correlated particle motions that are sparse and localized, occupying a volume with an average radius that is temperature independent and no larger than a few particle diameters. We show that the statistics and dynamics of these excitations are facilitated and hierarchical. Excitation energy scales grow logarithmically with $a$. Excitations at one point in space facilitate the birth and death of excitations at neighboring locations, and space-time excitation structures are microcosms of heterogeneous dynamics at larger scales. This nature of dynamics becomes increasingly dominant as temperature $T$ is lowered. We show that slowing of dynamics upon decreasing temperature below $T_\mathrm{o}$ is the result of a decreasing concentration of excitations and concomitant growing hierarchical length scales, and further that the structural relaxation time $τ$ follows the parabolic law, $\log(τ/ τ_\mathrm{o}) = J^2(1/T - 1/T_\mathrm{o})^2$, for $T
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, + links to movies; To appear in Phys. Rev. X
Quadrupolar spectra of nuclear spins in strained InGaAs quantum dots
Creators: name: Bulutay, Ceyhun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) are born out of lattice mismatched ingredients where strain plays an indispensable role. Through the electric quadrupolar coupling, strain affects the magnetic environment as seen by the nuclear spins. To guide prospective single-QD nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as well as dynamic nuclear spin polarization experiments, an atomistic insight to the strain and quadrupolar field distributions is presented. A number of implications of the structural and compositional profile of the QD have been identified. A high aspect ratio of the QD geometry enhances the quadrupolar interaction. The inclined interfaces introduce biaxiality and the tilting of the major quadrupolar principal axis away from the growth axis; the alloy mixing of gallium into the QD enhances both of these features while reducing the quadrupolar energy. Regarding the NMR spectra, both Faraday and Voigt geometries are investigated, unraveling in the first place the extend of inhomogeneous broadening and the appearance of the normally-forbidden transitions. Moreover, it is shown that from the main extend of the NMR spectra the alloy mole fraction of a single QD can be inferred. By means of the element-resolved NMR intensities it is found that In nuclei has a factor of five dominance over those of As. In the presence of an external magnetic field, the borderlines between the quadrupolar and Zeeman regimes are extracted as 1.5 T for In and 1.1 T for As nuclei. At these values the nuclear spin depolarization rates of the respective nuclei get maximized due to the noncollinear secular hyperfine interaction with a resident electron in the QD.
description: Published version, 13 pages, 9 figures
Medicaid Reimbursement for the Female Condom
Creators: name: Witte, Susan S.
name: MacPhee, Colleen
name: Ginsburg, Natalie
name: Deshmukh, Neha
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Medicaid--U.S. states
Female condoms
Reproductive health

description: Objectives.To examine state-level female condom use through Medicaid from 2004 to 2014, because in 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) allowed for expanded Medicaid coverage in many states, extending requirements for contraceptive care to more of the poorest women in the United States and to most women with private insurance.

Methods.We collected data via brief survey of Medicaid offices in all 50 states between March 2015 and March 2016.

Results. The number of states providing Medicaid reimbursement for the female condom increased 33% (from 25 to 36) since 2007. Twenty-nine states provided data showing low numbers of claims for female condoms but high rates of reimbursement.

Conclusions. This period of heightened access demands that the public health community seize the moment to increase awareness about and promote the female condom among health care professionals and consumers. The pending repeal of the ACA may thwart important gains in access; policies promoting women’s reproductive health must be implemented immediately. (Am J Public Health. 2017;107:1633–1635. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303936)
Mixing angle of doubly heavy baryons in QCD
Creators: name: Aliev, T. M.
name: Azizi, K.
name: Savci, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the mixing angles between the spin--1/2, $Ξ_{bc}$--$Ξ^\prime_{bc}$ and $Ω_{bc}$--$Ω^\prime_{bc}$ states of doubly heavy baryons within the QCD sum rules method. It is found that the mixing angles are large and have the values $φ_{Ξ_{bc}} = 16^0 \pm 5^0$ and $φ_{Ω_{bc}} = 18^0 \pm 6^0$, respectively. The mixing angles are slightly smaller compared to the predictions of the non--relativistic quark model, $φ_{Ξ_{bc}} = 25.5^0$ and $φ_{Ω_{bc}} = 25.9^0$.
description: 6 Pages
Solidarity on Social Media
Creators: name: Levinson, Ariana R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Social media--Law and legislation
Technology and state
Labor laws and legislation
Labor unions

description: As with other technical revolutions before it, such as the printing press, radio, and telephone, social media has changed the way in which people communicate. Due to cases involving the use of social media by employees, among other reasons, the often little-known National Labor Relations Board (“NLRB” or “Board”) has become the center of national media attention. In the cases involving social media, the Board simply applies well-established, decades-old legal principles. Yet, employers, business groups, and the media have portrayed the Board as deviating from long-standing precedent, overstepping its role in regulating employment, and misunderstanding the impact of social media. However, no federal Circuit Court, to which Board decisions are appealed, has yet denied enforcement of a Board decision in a case involving social media. While other scholars have contributed to the buzz surrounding the Board’s decisions by arguing that the Board has been incorrect to apply its precedent to social media because social media differs from prior technology, this Article argues that the Board has properly used its wealth of expertise gained from many decades of enforcing labor management relations to extend its precedent in a flexible manner to this new technology. This Article first summarizes the Board’s decisions and guidance about employees’ use of social media and employer policies regulating the use of social media. It then discusses four simple clarifications that the Board should make in future decisions in order to make its regulation easier for employers and employees to understand and follow. First, the Board should clarify that any time more than one employee is involved in a social media discussion, the employees act concertedly. Second, the Board should clarify that employees act for mutual aid and protection when they discuss working conditions, whether or not they explicitly focus on improving those conditions. Third, the Board should clarify how it will determine when employees engaged in otherwise protected concerted activity lose the protection of the National Labor Relations Act due to the egregious nature of their social media use. Finally, the Board should clarify whether provision-specific disclaimers providing concrete examples of what constitutes protected concerted activity will be effective to render a social media policy legal. These clarifications will enhance the likelihood of continued enforcement of Board decisions involving social media by the Circuit Courts. Moreover, these clarifications have not been discussed in articles written by other scholars and, thus, contribute to the growing literature on this topic.
title: Stock assessment incorporating discards estimates in some years and implications for prediction of future stock trajectories
Creators: name: Fernández, C.
name: Cerviño, S.
name: Pérez, N.
name: Jardim, E.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session M
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Technologies and data

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.A Bayesian age-structured stock assessment model is developed that takes into account the information available about discards and is able to handle gaps in the time series of discards estimates. The model incorporates a term reflecting mortality due to discarding and appropriate assumptions about how this mortality may change over time are made. The result is a stock assessment that takes due account of the available information on discards while, at the same time, producing a complete time series of discards estimates. The method is applied to the hake stock in ICES divisions VIIIc and IXa, which experiences very high discarding on the younger ages. The stock is fished by Spain and Portugal and for each country there are only discards estimates for recent years. Furthermore, the years for which Portuguese estimates are available are only a subset of the years with Spanish estimates. Two runs of the model are performed, one assuming zero discards and another one incorporating discards. Assessment results and 1 projections of future stock trajectories are compared and discussed and implications for management commented on.
Enochrus (Methydrus) sharpi Gundersen 1977
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Liza M.
name: García-Hernández, Andrea L.
name: Clarkson, Bruno
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Hydrophilidae
Enochrus
Enochrus sharpi

description: Enochrus (Methydrus) sharpi Gundersen, 1977 (Figs 9, 32) Enochrus (Methydrus) sharpi Gundersen 1977: 262. Diagnosis. Body 3.00– 4.20 mm long. Head black, with triangular light brown area in front of eyes; pronotum and elytra light brown. Prosternum not carinate, completely pubescent. Mesoventral process rectangular, with a small tooth-like projection pointed posteriad. Last abdominal ventrite shallowly notched. Parameres longer than phallobase, laterally convex; median lobe acute, triangular, with corona subapical (on apical third); phallobase as long as parameres, narrowing at distal half. Geographic distribution. Mexico and Puerto Rico. First record from Quindío Department and from Colombia. Material examined. Colombia, Quindío Department, Montenegro Municipality, El Gigante neighborhood, 04°33ʹ55.2ʺ N, 075°48ʹ54.4ʺ W, 1060 m a.m.s.l., 2007- VIII-30, A.L García coll., CIUQ 13275 (1 male, 2 females). La Tebaida Municipality, Pizamal neighborhood, 04°25ʹ24.0ʺ N, 075°51ʹ36.0ʺ W, 1140 m a.m.s.l., 2007-X-03, A.L García coll., CIUQ 13276 (1 male, 1 female). Salento Municipality, Boquia neighborhood, 04°38ʹ46.1ʺ N, 075°34ʹ52.5ʺ W, 2200 m a.m.s.l., 2007-IX-28, A.L García coll., CIUQ 13277 (2 males, 3 females). Remarks. Specimens were collected in ponds on grass with muddy substrates.
description: Published as part of Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Liza M., García-Hernández, Andrea L. & Clarkson, Bruno, 2017, First records of water scavenger beetle species (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from Quindío Department, Colombia, pp. 605-620 in Check List 13 (5) on page 611, DOI: 10.15560/13.5.605
description: {"references": ["Gundersen RW (1977) New species and taxonomic changes in the genus Enochrus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). The Coleopterist's Bulletin 31 (3): 251 - 272."]}
The drivers and timescales of solar wind-magnetosphere-Ionosphere coupling in global MHD simulations
Creators: name: Eggington, Joseph
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: The interaction between the solar wind and the terrestrial magnetosphere-ionosphere system is highly dynamic and non-linear, strongly influencing conditions in near-Earth space. Understanding the coupling between each component of the system is crucial to mitigating societal effects, known as space weather. Global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations are an invaluable tool in studying this interaction. This thesis entails the use of the Gorgon MHD code for simulating the Earth’s magnetosphere. An updated version of the code is presented, including a newly developed ionosphere module which is tested and benchmarked to validate its proper coupling to the magnetosphere. The model is applied to study the effect of the geomagnetic dipole tilt angle on magnetopause reconnection and ionospheric current systems. The location of the reconnection line is identified for tilt angles up to 90°, with reconnection found to be weaker and more unsteady at large tilt angles. The tilt introduces a North-South asymmetry driving more FAC in the sunward-facing hemisphere, highlighting the sensitivity to onset time in the potential impact of a severe space weather event. An idealised example of such an event is then simulated by impacting the magnetosphere with an interplanetary shock. The location and intensity of dayside reconnection is found to be highly time-dependent following impact, with reconnection enhanced in the vicinity of the shock. These results suggest that steady models of reconnection may not be reliable immediately after onset. Finally, an extended version of the code is implemented to simulate a real geomagnetic storm. The key response timescales of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system to the varying solar wind are investigated, and found to be consistent with those of global convection, being sensitive to the particular mode of driving. It is shown that Gorgon is a capable space weather modelling tool, forming a crucial step towards future operational forecasting purposes.
Laissez-faire file sharing: Access control designed for individuals at the endpoints
Creators: name: Johnson, Maritza Lupe
name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
name: Reeder, Robert W.
name: Schechter, Stuart E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Computer science
Computer file sharing
Computers--Access control

description: When organizations deploy file systems with access control mechanisms that prevent users from reliably sharing files with others, these users will inevitably find alternative means to share. Alas, these alternatives rarely provide the same level of confidentiality, integrity, or auditability provided by the prescribed file systems. Thus, the imposition of restrictive mechanisms and policies by system designers and administrators may actually reduce the system's security. We observe that the failure modes of file systems that enforce centrally-imposed access control policies are similar to the failure modes of centrally-planned economies: individuals either learn to circumvent these restrictions as matters of necessity or desert the system entirely, subverting the goals behind the central policy. We formalize requirements for laissez-faire sharing, which parallel the requirements of free market economies, to better address the file sharing needs of information workers. Because individuals are less likely to feel compelled to circumvent systems that meet these laissez-faire requirements, such systems have the potential to increase both productivity and security.
(En)gendering safety : masculinity, risk, and safety social capital in male dominated occupations
Creators: name: Hollingdale, Hazel Elaine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: High hazard work sectors are often male-dominated, and can have occupational cultures that impede following safety regulations. Many of these sectors, such as the skilled trades, have cultures that align with conventional masculine norms. The existing literature suggests that workers in these fields often experience safety compliance measures as conflicting with this normative culture, and this can lead to increased risk taking. It has also been found that organizational attitudes towards safety in the workplace individualize these issues, rather than considering a widespread lack of compliance as a symptom of underlying social issues. This research project used a case study approach to evaluate risk taking and organizational approaches to safety at the male-dominated organization, WestTech. Using both quantitative and qualitative accident reports, I found that risk taking and accidents vary by occupational sector; however, this was not addressed in WestTech's conclusions or safety recommendations. The relatively new accident investigation model, “Curtailing Accidents by Managing Social Capital” (CAMSoc), is discussed and employed to evaluate how the inclusion of social factors can help to better scrutinize the role of these underlying issues and how they contribute to negative safety outcomes.
Prior alcohol use enhances vulnerability to compulsive cocaine self-administration by promoting degradation of HDAC4 and HDAC5
Creators: name: Griffin Jr., Edmund
name: Melas, Philippe
name: Zhou, Royce
name: Li, Yang
name: Mercado, Peter
name: Kempadoo, Kimberly
name: Stephenson, Stacy
name: Colnaghi, Luca
name: Taylor, Kathleen M.
name: Hu, Mei-Chen
name: Kandel, Eric
name: Kandel, Denise B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cocaine abuse
subject: Substance abuse
subject: Compulsive behavior
subject: Histone deacetylase
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Psychiatry

description: Addiction to cocaine is commonly preceded by experiences with legal or decriminalized drugs, such as alcohol, nicotine, and marijuana. The biological mechanisms by which these gateway drugs contribute to cocaine addiction are only beginning to be understood. We report that in the rat, prior alcohol consumption results in enhanced addiction-like behavior to cocaine, including continued cocaine use despite aversive consequences. Conversely, prior cocaine use has no effect on alcohol preference. Long-term, but not short-term, alcohol consumption promotes proteasome-mediated degradation of the nuclear histone deacetylases HDAC4 and HDAC5 in the nucleus accumbens, a brain region critical for reward-based memory. Decreased nuclear HDAC activity results in global H3 acetylation, creating a permissive environment for cocaine-induced gene expression. We also find that selective degradation of HDAC4 and HDAC5, facilitated by the class II–specific HDAC inhibitor MC1568, enhances compulsive cocaine self-administration. These results parallel our previously reported findings that the gateway drug nicotine enhances the behavioral effects of cocaine via HDAC inhibition. Together, our findings suggest a shared mechanism of action for the gateway drugs alcohol and nicotine, and reveal a novel mechanism by which environmental factors may alter the epigenetic landscape of the reward system to increase vulnerability to cocaine addiction.
NOQONUNIY QURILISHLARNI BARTARAF ETISHNING HUQUQIY TARTIBI
Creators: name: Rasulov, Bekzod
name: Rasilova, Zarina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ushbu maqolada noqonuniy qurilish, uning oqibatlari, noqonuniy qurilishlarni huquqiy tartibga solish tizimi, mavjud muammolar va ularni bartaraf etishga oid masalalar tadqiq etildi.
Entanglement in composite bosons realized by deformed oscillators
Creators: name: Gavrilik, A. M.
name: Mishchenko, Yu. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Composite bosons (or quasibosons), as recently proven, are realizable by deformed oscillators and due to that can be effectively treated as particles of nonstandard statistics (deformed bosons). This enables us to study quasiboson states and their inter-component entanglement aspects using the well developed formalism of deformed oscillators. We prove that the internal entanglement characteristics for single two-component quasiboson are determined completely by the parameter(s) of deformation. The bipartite entanglement characteristics are generalized and calculated for arbitrary multi-quasiboson (Fock, coherent etc.) states and expressed through deformation parameter.
description: 5 pages; v2: abstract and introduction rewritten, references added
A modular yeast biosensor for low-cost point-of-care pathogen detection
Creators: name: Ostrov, Nili
name: Jimenez, Miguel
name: Billerbeck, Sonja
name: Brisbois, James Ronald
name: Matragrano, Joseph Antonio
name: Ager, Alastair Kenneth
name: Cornish, Virginia W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biosensors
Chemistry
Yeast
Pathogenic microorganisms--Detection
Synthetic biology

description: The availability of simple, specific, and inexpensive on-site detection methods is of key importance for deployment of pathogen surveillance networks. We developed a nontechnical and highly specific colorimetric assay for detection of pathogen-derived peptides based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae—a genetically tractable model organism and household product. Integrating G protein–coupled receptors with a visible, reagent-free lycopene readout, we demonstrate differential detection of major human, plant, and food fungal pathogens with nanomolar sensitivity. We further optimized a one-step rapid dipstick prototype that can be used in complex samples, including blood, urine, and soil. This modular biosensor can be economically produced at large scale, is not reliant on cold-chain storage, can be detected without additional equipment, and is thus a compelling platform scalable to global surveillance of pathogens.
A comprehensive degradation study and identification of key degradation products of omeprazole drug substance including its degradation pathways using LC-HRMS and NMR
Creators: name: Rathnasekara, Renuka
name: Rustum, Abu M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor widely used to treat acid-induced inflammation and ulcers of the stomach. A comprehensive forced degradation study was conducted on Omeprazole (OMP) drug substance (per ICH guidelines) to generate and identify the chemical structures of key potential degradation products of OMP. Samples from a typical commercial batch of OMP drug substance was subjected to acidic, alkaline, oxidative, photolytic, and thermal stress conditions. Thirty-four degradation products were generated in the forced degraded samples of OMP which were adequately separated by an investigational reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method. The degradation products were identified and characterized using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) technique. Accurate mass measurements and fragmentation patterns from tandem mass spectrometry were used to propose molecular structure of degradation products. One major degradation product was isolated and purified by preparative liquid chromatography and the purified sample was analyzed by NMR for structure confirmation. The proposed chemical structures and possible degradation pathways were justified through mechanistic explanations. The information provided in this article facilitates better understanding of the stability of OMP drug substance under a wide range of conditions.
Gyermekszemlélet és gyermekkor-narratívák a kritikai pedagógia, a gyermekkor-szociológia és a narratív pszichológia tükrében
Creators: name: Támba, Renátó
Publisher: name: Debreceni Egyetem
Year: 2016

description: Különleges Bánásmód, vol. 2. issue 2. ISSN 2498-5368
Updating skills and character referencing in children with specific language impairment
Creators: name: Frick, Jillian Melissa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Specific language impairment (SLI) involves unexpected delays in language development that are deemed primary, rather than secondary to other developmental issues. This study investigated executive functioning and referencing abilities in children with SLI. Referencing is a complex task that may particularly depend on working memory (WM) resources, specifically in terms of updating abilities. Updating entails the active manipulation of WM contents by replacing older information with newer and more relevant information. If both linguistic abilities and processing resources are critical for adequate referencing, then children with SLI would be particularly vulnerable in this area. There is limited evidence regarding updating skills in children, referencing abilities in SLI, and the possible influence of updating on language production. A group of 12 children with SLI aged 5 to 8 years were matched to 12 same-age typically developing (TD) peers. The children completed updating, short-term memory (STM), and story-telling tasks. Compared to the children with TD, the children with SLI performed significantly poorer on all updating tasks and also consistently exhibited lower overall referential adequacy, but whether this applied to both nominal and pronominal forms depended on the story. There were also many parallels, however, between the groups in terms of referencing. Specifically, each group responded similarly to story differences and to the demands of the various referential functions (introduction, maintenance, and reintroduction) in terms of the frequency of character references, the referential types selected, and patterns of referential adequacy. Regarding the relationship between WM and referencing, visual STM was the only memory task that correlated significantly with referential adequacy in the SLI group. In contrast, updating did correlate significantly with referential adequacy in the TD group. It is still possible that updating plays a role in the ability to adequately refer to characters in both groups, but this relationship could be mediated or overshadowed by limitations in basic storage capacity or by linguistic factors for children with SLI in this developmental window. Due to the small number of participants in this study, the results regarding the relationship between updating abilities and referential adequacy are tentative and require replication with a larger sample.
States' Rights Against Corporate Rights
Creators: name: Buccola, Vincent S.J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Corporate power
subject: Legislative bodies--U.S. states
subject: States' rights (American politics)
subject: Corporations--Government policy

description: Most of the many critics who denounce Citizens United v. FEC and Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc., ground their complaint in consequentialist terms, at least in part. They see these decisions as entrenching corporate power, by constitutional or quasi-constitutional means, against what ought to be a supervening public will. This Article argues for a different view. Far from entrenching corporate power, the rights cases effectively delegate choices about corporate activities to a politically sensitive, if surprising, instrument:ordinary state legislation. In particular, this Article advances two claims about the nature of states’ rights against corporate rights: first, under existing law, the states can subvert the federal rights of their own corporations; second, and more speculatively, the states can also frustrate the federal rights of foreign corporations that do local business. The analysis suggests that reformers would do well to look to the state capitols rather than the halls of Washington. It also yields implications for the theory of interstate corporate regulation more generally.
Lehetőség, kihívás vagy akadály? A közoktatás integrációs feladatai - nemzetközi kitekintés és magyarországi helyzetképz
Creators: name: Zolnai, Erika
name: Balogh, Erzsébet
name: Barnucz, Nóra
name: Fónai, Mihály
name: Hüse, Lajos
Publisher: name: Debreceni Egyetem
Year: 2016

description: Különleges Bánásmód, vol. 2. issue 2. ISSN 2498-5368
Berosus truncatipennis Castelnau 1840
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Liza M.
name: García-Hernández, Andrea L.
name: Clarkson, Bruno
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Hydrophilidae
Berosus
Berosus truncatipennis

description: Berosus truncatipennis Castelnau, 1840 (Figs 11, 34, 35) Berosus truncatipennis Castelnau 1840: 56. Berosus (Enoplurus) truncatipennis Castelnau — Zaitzev 1908: 357. Berosus truncatipennis Castelnau — Oliva 1989: 184. Diagnosis. Body 5.60–6.50 mm long. Body elongate in shape. Dorsal coloration pale brown; pronotum darker on medial portion, with a pale brown medial line, suboval in shape. Prosternum not carinate. Mesoventral process laminar, slender, convex anteriorly, with acute tooth-like projection on anterior portion and concave on posterior margin in lateral view. Last abdominal ventrite deeply notched. Parameres wide, acuminate at apex, with long ventral setae on apical portion, membranous inner appendices present; median lobe slender, cylindrical, shorter than half of the parameres length, apices slightly bifid. Geographic distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Peru, Panama, Paraguay, and Venezuela. First record from Quindío Department and from Colombia. Material examined. Colombia, Quindío Department, La Tebaida Municipality, Pizamal neighborhood, 04°24ʹ 57.8ʺ N, 075°50ʹ49.9ʺ W, 1064 m a.m.s.l., 2015-I-28, L.M. González coll., CIUQ 10430– CIUQ 10442 (119 males, 110 females). Remarks. Specimens were collected in marshes on muddy substrate and on submerged vegetation; in ponds on muddy/sandy, muddy/stony and muddy/leaf substrates.
description: Published as part of Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Liza M., García-Hernández, Andrea L. & Clarkson, Bruno, 2017, First records of water scavenger beetle species (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from Quindío Department, Colombia, pp. 605-620 in Check List 13 (5) on page 612, DOI: 10.15560/13.5.605
description: {"references": ["Castelnau FLN (1840) Histoire naturelle des insectes coleopteres, avec une introduction renfermant l'anatomie et la physiologie des animaux articules, par M. Brulle. Histoire naturelle des Animaux articules: annelides, crustaces, arachnides, Myriapodes et Insectes. Tome 2: 1 - 563. P. Dumenil, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35290", "Zaitzev FA (1908) Catalogue des coleopteres aquatiques des familles Dryopidae, Georyssidae, Cyathoceridae, Heteroceridae et Hydrophilidae. Horae Societatis entomologicae Rossiae 38: 283 - 420.", "Oliva A (1989) El genero Berosus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) en America del Sur. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (Buenos Aires, Argentina) (Entomologia) 6 (4): 57 - 235."]}
Security Assurance for Web Device APIs
Creators: name: Johnson, Maritza Lupe
name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: There are currently proposals for web access to devices. The security threats are obvious. We propose design principles intended to ensure that the user actually controls access, despite potential errors in judgment, tricky web pages, or flaws in browsers.
String theory: a perspective over the last 25 years
Creators: name: Mukhi, Sunil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article provides some historical background and then reviews developments in string theory over the last twenty-five years or so. Both perturbative and non-perturbative approaches to string theory are surveyed and their impact on how we view quantum gravity is analysed.
description: 44 pages, invited review published in Classical and Quantum Gravity; references added
title: A System For Sampling And Observing Catches
Creators: name: Chamberlain, Glenn
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session M
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Technologies and data

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The purpose of this work is to count, measure, and identify fish caught during fishing operations through analysis of images taken of catches once they are on board a vessel. The current management approach used in the Northeast region of the U.S. relies on allocation of days at sea (DAS). This approach has recently come under review and has resulted in movement towards a new strategy, sector management. Creation of sectors will require individual sectors to provide estimates of discarded and kept catch on a regular basis. The cost of methods used to collect this information would be prohibitive to fishermen who would join sectors. To avoid this, costeffective methods of collecting catch data are required. The monitoring system used in this research consists of a stereo-pair of digital still cameras used to capture images of catches on board fishing vessels in New England. The cameras are synchronized when capturing images; these images are analyzed by trained viewers. Viewers count and identify individuals of caught species. Measurements of individual fish are made and used to estimate the total weight of each species on a tow by tow and total trip basis. Estimates of weight, length, and catch composition are compared with totals calculate using accepted techniques. Commercially available imaging software is used to calibrate the system to each individual vessel and measure fish present in images. There are multiple benefits of this work: collection of reliable, accurate, and precise data for fishery managers to use at relatively low cost.
Comparative Cost-Effectiveness of Hypertension Treatment in Non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites According to 2014 Guidelines: A Modeling Study
Creators: name: Vasudeva, Eshan
name: Moise, Nathalie
name: Huang, Chen
name: Mason, Antoinette
name: Penko, Joanne
name: Goldman, Lee
name: Coxson, Pamela G.
name: Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten
name: Moran, Andrew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Hypertension--Treatment
Medical care--Cost effectiveness
Blood pressure
African Americans--Medical care
Cardiovascular system--Diseases

description: BACKGROUND: We compared the cost-effectiveness of hypertension treatment in non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites according to 2014 US hypertension treatment guidelines. METHODS: The cardiovascular disease (CVD) policy model simulated CVD events, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and treatment costs in 35- to 74-year-old adults with untreated hypertension. CVD incidence, mortality, and risk factor levels were obtained from cohort studies, hospital registries, vital statistics, and national surveys. Stage 1 hypertension was defined as blood pressure 140-149/90-99mm Hg; stage 2 hypertension as ≥150/100mm Hg. Probabilistic input distribution sampling informed 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) < $50,000/QALY gained were considered cost-effective. RESULTS: Treating 0.7 million hypertensive non-Hispanic black adults would prevent about 8,000 CVD events annually; treating 3.4 million non-Hispanic whites would prevent about 35,000 events. Overall 2014 guideline implementation would be cost saving in both groups compared with no treatment. For stage 1 hypertension but without diabetes or chronic kidney disease, cost savings extended to non-Hispanic black males ages 35-44 but not same-aged non-Hispanic white males (ICER $57,000/QALY; 95% UI $15,000-$100,000) and cost-effectiveness extended to non-Hispanic black females ages 35-44 (ICER $46,000/QALY; $17,000-$76,000) but not same-aged non-Hispanic white females (ICER $181,000/QALY; $111,000-$235,000). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with non-Hispanic whites, cost-effectiveness of implementing hypertension guidelines would extend to a larger proportion of non-Hispanic black hypertensive patients.