cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Towards Biosensing Strategies Based on Biochemical Logic Systems
Creators: name: Privman, Vladimir
name: Katz, Evgeny
name: Wang, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Recent advances in biochemical computing, i.e., information processing with cascades of primarily enzymatic reactions realizing computing gates, such as AND, OR, etc., as well as progress in networking these gates and coupling of the resulting systems to smart/responsive electrodes for output readout, have opened new biosensing opportunities. Here we survey existing enabling research results, as well as ideas and research avenues for future development of a new paradigm of digitally operating biosensors logically processing multiple biochemical signals through Boolean logic networks composed of biomolecular reactions, yielding the final output signals as YES/NO responses. Such systems can lead to high-fidelity biosensing compared to common single or parallel sensing devices.
The worldsheet low-energy limit of the AdS_4 x CP^3 superstring
Creators: name: Bykov, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the AdS_4 x CP^3 IIA superstring sigma-model in the background of the "spinning string" classical solution, which possesses two Noether spins. In the limit when one of the spins is infinite there are massless excitations, which govern the infrared worldsheet properties of the model. We obtain a sigma-model of CP^3 with fermions, which describes the dynamics of these massless modes.
description: 41 pages
Searching for rainforest understorey in wet Eucalyptus forest
Creators: name: White, RJ
Publisher: name: University of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Increasing pressure from anthropogenic and natural disturbances can lead to irreversible shifts in the composition and structure of vegetation. Fire-sensitive rainforest communities in the understorey of Tasmania's wet Eucalyptus forests are particularly susceptible to these disturbances. Currently, forest managers have no means of comprehensively mapping these understorey rainforest communities; fieldwork techniques are costly and impractical at the landscape scale, and most remote sensing techniques are unable to effectively map sub-canopy habitats due to the blocking effect of the canopy. This presents a challenge for forest managers that must be addressed if these forests are to be managed sustainably. In this project, I examine two techniques that explore potential relationships between floristic and structural forest components as a means of locating rainforest understoreys.First, based on the premise that fire-driven succession of canopy and understorey strata follow parallel trajectories, I tested whether eucalypt canopy age-structure can be used to predict understorey floristics. I surveyed forty plots representative of the structural variation in the landscape, measuring the relative amounts of rainforest and old-growth eucalypts in each. From this, I generated a eucalypt old-growth and a rainforest variable, and compared these using Spearman's rank correlation. While positive, the correlation between these variables was weak (ρ = 0.43). This result was unexpected, but may be explained by potentially independent effects of fire-disturbance in these two strata. Second, I used a LiDAR-based approach in an attempt to delineate rainforest understoreys based on structural characteristics. For this, I developed a suite of understorey LiDAR metrics that were tested against the amount of rainforest in the understorey using Spearman's rank correlation and Random Forest analysis. Canopy density and height-based metrics showed significant positive correlations, but these were too weak for predictive purposes (ρ < 0.69). Similarly, the Random Forest analysis was unable to identify a predictive relationship (percent variance explained = 46 %). These analyses exposed notable structural overlap among the rainforest and wet sclerophyll understorey types.This project revealed a mismatch between canopy age-structure and understorey floristics, and between the structure and floristics within the understorey. I suggest that to better understand these relationships more research into fire-driven disturbances on understorey and canopy strata is required. This research, and the use of novel remote sensing approaches and technologies, will enable more effective management of understorey rainforest communities.
The homogeneity conjecture for supergravity backgrounds
Creators: name: Figueroa-O'Farrill, José Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: These notes record three lectures given at the workshop "Higher symmetries in Physics", held at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid in November 2008. In them we explain how to construct a Lie (super)algebra associated to a spin manifold, perhaps with extra geometric data, and a notion of privileged spinors. The typical examples are supersymmetric supergravity backgrounds; although there are more classical instances of this construction. We focus on two results: the geometric constructions of compact real forms of the simple Lie algebras of type B_4, F_4 and E_8 from S^7, S^8 and S^15, respectively; and the construction of the Killing superalgebra of eleven-dimensional supergravity backgrounds. As an application of this latter construction we show that supersymmetric supergravity backgrounds with enough supersymmetry are necessarily locally homogeneous.
description: 16 pages
Modeling and scaling spontaneous imbibition with generalized fractional flow theory and non-Boltzmann transformation
Creators: name: Senevirathna, Shaluka
name: Zemlyanova, Anna
name: Kelly, Shaina A.
name: Hu, Qinhong
name: Zhang, Yong
name: Ghanbarian, Behzad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spontaneous imbibition (SI) is a process by which liquid is drawn into partially saturated porous media by capillary forces, relevant for subsurface processes like underground fluid storage and withdrawal. Accurate modeling and scaling of counter-current SI have long been challenging. In this study, we proposed a generalized fractional flow theory (GFFT) using the Hausdorff fractal derivative, combined with non-Boltzmann scaling. The model links imbibition distance to time through the power law exponent alpha/2, where alpha is the fractal index (0 < alpha < 2 in this study). We applied the GFFT to various experimental and stimulated datasets of both porous and fractured media, finding that alpha varied with factors such as contact angle (of the imbibing fluid), dynamic viscosity, pore structure, and fracture properties. By analyzing SI data from sandstones, diatomite, carbonate, and synthetic porous media, we demonstrated that the non-Boltzmann scaling provided a better collapse of the SI data than the traditional Boltzmann approach alpha = 1), with alpha values ranging from 0.88 to 1.54. These deviations illustrate the model's adaptability to different porous materials. Using the GFFT, we expect to better predict fluid imbibition rates when properties like porosity, permeability, initial and maximum saturations, viscosity, and wettability are known, offering a more accurate alternative to traditional models.
description: 7 figures and 1 table
A note on the role of charge conservation in electronegativity equalization and its implications for the translational symmetries of electrostatic properties in fluctuating-charge models
Creators: name: Chen, Jiahao
name: Martínez, Todd J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analytical solution of fluctuating-charge models using Gaussian elimination allows us to isolate the contribution of charge conservation effects in determining the charge distribution. We use this analytical solution to calculate dipole moments and polarizabilities and show that charge conservation plays a critical role in maintaining the correct translational properties of the electrostatic properties predicted by these models.
description: 9 pages, submitted to J. Chem. Phys
Comment on "Simulations of ionization equilibria in weak polyelectrolyte solutions and gels" by J. Landsgesell, L. Nová, O. Rud, F. Uhlík, D. Sean, P. Hebbeker, C. Holm and P. Ko\v sovan, Soft Matter, 2019,15, 1155-1185
Creators: name: Levin, Yan
name: Bakhshandeh, Amin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent review~Landsgesell et al., Soft Matter {\bf 15}, 1155 (2019) stated that $\text{pH} - \text{pK}_a$ is a ``universal parameter" for titrating systems. We show that this is not the case. This broken symmetry has important implications for constant pH (cpH) simulations. In particular, we show that for concentrated suspensions the error resulting from the use of cpH algorithm described by Landsgesell et al. is very significant, even for suspension containing 1:1 electrolyte. We show how to modify the cpH algorithm to account for the grand-canonical nature of the cpH simulations and for the charge neutrality requirement.
Améliorer les performances de l'industrie logicielle par une meilleure compréhension des besoins
Creators: name: Chevallereau, Benjamin
name: Bernard, Alain
name: Mévellec, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Actual organization are structured and act with the help of their information systems. In spite of considerable progresses made by computer technology, we note that actors are very often critical on their information systems. Difficulties to product specifications enough detailed for functional profile and interpretable by information system expert is one of reason of this gap between hopes and reality. Our proposition wants to get over this obstacle by organizing user requirements in a common language of operational profile and technical expert.-- Les organisations actuelles se structurent et agissent en s'appuyant sur leurs systèmes d'information. Malgré les progrès considérables réalisés par la technologie informatique, on constate que les acteurs restent très souvent critiques par rapport à leur systèmes d'information. Une des causes de cet écart entre les espoirs et la réalité trouve sa source dans la difficulté à produire un cahier des charges suffisamment détaillé pour les opérationnels et interprétable par les spécialistes des systèmes d'information. Notre proposition vise à surmonter cet obstacle en organisant l'expression des besoins dans un langage commun aux opérationnels et aux experts techniques. Pour cela, le langage proposé pour exprimer les besoins est basé sur la notion de but. L'ingénierie dirigée par les modèles est présente à toute les étapes, c'est-à-dire au moment de la capture et de l'interprétation.
Mapping winter food security for the Klinse-Za caribou herd
Creators: name: Richter, Carmen Jessie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: In Canada, many wildlife species are in decline, and some of these species, like caribou, are central to the food sovereignty and cultural practices of many Indigenous communities. Alongside actions by the federal and provincial governments, First Nations in northeastern British Columbia are leading recovery efforts for the Klinse-Za caribou herd. Providing natural forage during recovery actions is important for caribou during maternal pens, supplemental feeding, and habitat protection. Since 2013, the Saulteau First Nations and the West Moberly First Nations have captured 12-22 pregnant caribou and held them in a pen for several months per year. The pen prevents predation on mothers and young. At the same time the Nations provide caribou with high quality food resources that include a mixture of commercial pellets and Cladonia lichens (C. rangiferina, C. abbuscula, C. stellaris, C. stygia, C. uncilalis) collected by the Nations. Community members are recruited to pick lichen, which is then dried, stored, and provided to the temporarily penned caribou. Understanding where lichen is available on the landscape and the rates of recovery following lichen harvest are important for the future sustainability of the caribou penning project. Our research project aimed to quantify lichen availability for the next 5 years by: (1) ground-truthing lichen sites to validate and re-parametrize a lichen distribution model; (2) marking new lichen patch extents with a handheld GPS in areas where lichen occurrence, but not extent, was known to the community; (3) monitoring lichen growth and recovery rates, following the harvest of lichen in large patches (> 3 ha) (4) measuring lichen to quantify lichen growth at a fine scale (1m2 plots) following harvest. Our research project led to the discovery of new lichen patches and the extension of existing patches. This will help supply caribou with supplemental food for the next 5-years of caribou recovery in this area. The 5-Year Harvest Plan includes a 1-year supply of lichen produced through increasing the extents of lichen patches, a 2-year supply of lichen based on the predictions from the model, and a 2-year supply of lichen through the re-harvest of two lichen patches.
Optical implementation of a unitarily correctable code
Creators: name: Schreiter, Kurt M.
name: Pasieka, Aron
name: Kaltenbaek, Rainer
name: Resch, Kevin J.
name: Kribs, David W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Noise poses a challenge for any real-world implementation in quantum information science. The theory of quantum error correction deals with this problem via methods to encode and recover quantum information in a way that is resilient against that noise. Unitarily correctable codes are an error correction technique wherein a single unitary recovery operation is applied without the need for an ancilla Hilbert space. Here, we present the first optical implementation of a non-trivial unitarily correctable code for a noisy quantum channel with no decoherence-free subspaces or noiseless subsystems. We show that recovery of our initial states is achieved with high fidelity (>=0.97), quantitatively proving the efficacy of this unitarily correctable code.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Parenthood and Support for Local and Global Public Goods
Creators: name: Di Stefano, Michela Francesca
name: Rotondi, Valentina
name: Maione, Salvatore
name: Rizzolli, Matteo
name: Ruberto, Matteo Alessandro
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Family, Life Course, and Society
subject: Demography, Population, and Ecology
subject: Social Psychology and Interaction
subject: Economics
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Parenthood
subject: Prosociality
subject: Public Goods

description: This study investigates the relationship between parenthood and support for local and global public goods, utilizing data from the World Values Surveys (WVS) and original surveys conducted in Canton Ticino, Switzerland, and Lombardy, Italy. Through a two-step methodology with WVS data, we initially examine how parenthood influences public goods support within each country, focusing on indicators such as tolerance for free-riding and contributions to societal well-being. Subsequently, we explore macro-level socio-economic conditions, including historical market exposure, to understand their impact on the relationship between parenthood and public goods support. Micro-level analysis reveals positive associations between parenthood and support for public goods, particularly in societal indicators, while market exposure consistently correlates positively with the elasticity of parenthood to lesser tolerance for free riding. Validation using Global Preferences Survey data strengthens the reliability of our findings. Our theoretical frameworks suggest that parenthood may heighten concerns for local public goods due to forward-looking perspectives and a shift from individual to collective reasoning, potentially impacting support for global public goods to a lesser extent. To deepen our understanding, we collect original data using a geolocalized strategy, targeting individuals and couples through Online Social Networks Ad platforms. Within couples, we differentiate between those with and without children to reflect family dynamics accurately. Participants engage in a charitable dictator game (CDG), where charity aims were local or global, providing insights into how parenthood influences support for community versus global challenges. This comprehensive design aims to reveal the nuanced ways in which parenthood shapes attitudes towards public goods across spatial scales, uncovering diverse motivations and considerations.
Additional file 1 of Phosphorylation of TGIF2 represents a therapeutic target that drives EMT and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: Du, Renle
name: Wang, Chen
name: Liu, Jingjing
name: Wang, Keyan
name: Dai, Liping
name: Shen, Wenzhi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry
Medicine
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
Forecast-based charging strategy to prolong the lifetime of lithium-ion batteries in standalone PV battery systems in Sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Schulte, Jonathan
name: Figgener, Jan
name: Woerner, Philipp
name: Broering, Hendrik
name: Sauer, Dirk Uwe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Standalone PV battery systems have great potential to power the one billion people worldwide who lack access to electricity. Due to remoteness and poverty, durable and inexpensive systems are required for a broad range of applications. However, todays PV battery systems do not yet fully meet this requirement. Especially batteries still prove to be a hindrance, as they represent the most expensive and fastest aging component in a PV battery system. This work aims to address this by prolonging battery life. For this purpose, a forecast-based charging strategy was developed. As lithium-ion batteries age slower in a low state of charge, the goal of the operation strategy is to only charge the battery as much as needed. The impact of the proposed charging strategy is examined in a case study using one year of historical data of 14 standalone systems in Nigeria. It was found that the proposed operation strategy could reduce the average battery state of charge by around 20 percent without causing power outages for the mini-grids. This would significantly extend the life of the battery and ultimately lead to a more durable and cheaper operation of standalone PV battery systems.
The nature of optical and near-infrared variability of BL Lacertae
Creators: name: Larionov, V. M.
name: Villata, M.
name: Raiteri, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since 1997, BL Lacertae has undergone a phase of high optical activity, with the occurrence of several prominent outbursts. Starting from 1999, the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) consortium has organized various multifrequency campaigns on this blazar, collecting tens of thousands of data points. One of the main issues in the analysis of this huge dataset has been the study of colour variability. The massive amount of optical and near-infrared data collected during the campaigns enables us to perform a deep analysis of multiband data, with the aim of understanding the flux variability mechanisms. We use a new approach for the analysis of these data, focusing on the source spectral evolution. We show that the overall behaviour of the BL Lacertae light and colour curves can be explained in terms of changing viewing angle of a moving, discrete emitting region, which causes variable Doppler boosting of the corresponding radiation. A fractal helical structure is suggested to be at the origin of the different time scales of variability.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures, accepted by A&A
A Fundamental Criteria to Establish General Formulas of Integrals
Creators: name: Saadeh, Rania
name: Abu-Ghuwaleh, Mohammad
name: Qazza, Ahmad
name: Kuffi, Emad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this study, new master theorems and general formulas of integrals are presented and implemented to solve some complicated applications in different fields of science. The proposed theorems are considered to be generators of new problems, including difficult integrals with their exact solutions. The results of these problems can be obtained directly without the need for difficult calculations. New criteria for treating improper integrals are presented and illustrated in four interesting examples and some tables to simplify the procedure of using the proposed theorems. The outcomes of this study are compared with those presented by Gradshteyn and Ryzhik in the classical table of integrations. The results in this study are simple and applicable in solving integrals, and some of the well-known theorems in calculating improper integrals are considered simple cases of our research.
Bilayer Quantum Hall Ferromagnet in a Periodic Potential
Creators: name: Sun, Jianmin
name: Murthy, Ganpathy
name: Fertig, H. A.
name: Bray-Ali, Noah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bilayer quantum Hall system at a total filling of $ν_T=1$ has long resisted explanation in terms of a true counterflow superfluid, though many experimental features can be seen to be "almost" that of a superfluid. It is widely believed that quenched disorder is the root cause of this puzzle. Here we model the nonperturbative effects of disorder by investigating the $ν=1$ bilayer in a strong periodic potential. Our model assumes that fermions are gapped and real spins are fully polarized, and concentrates on the pseudospin variable (the layer index), with the external potential coupling to the topological (Pontryagin) density of the pseudospin. We find that as the potential strength increases, there are ground state transitions in which the topological content of the pseudospin configuration changes. These transitions are generically weakly first-order, with a new quadratically dispersing mode (in addition to the linearly dispersing Goldstone mode) sometimes becoming nearly gapless near the transition. We show that this leads to strong suppressions of both the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition temperature and the interlayer tunneling strength, which we treat perturbatively. We discuss how these results might extend to the case of true disorder.
Non-perturbative Effective Action in Gauge Theories and Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Avramidi, Ivan G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use our recently developed algebraic methods for the calculation of the heat kernel on homogeneous bundles over symmetric spaces to evaluate the non-perturbative low-energy effective action in quantum general relativity and Yang-Mills gauge theory in curved space. We obtain an exact integral repesentation for the effective action that generates all terms in the standard asymptotic epxansion of the effective action without derivatives of the curvatures effectively summing up the whole infinite subseries of all quantum corrections with low momenta.
description: 26 pages
The Expanded Very Large Array
Creators: name: Perley, R.
name: Napier, P.
name: Jackson, J.
name: Butler, B.
name: Carlson, B.
name: Fort, D.
name: Dewdney, P.
name: Clark, B.
name: Hayward, R.
name: Durand, S.
name: Revnell, M.
name: McKinnon, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In almost 30 years of operation, the Very Large Array (VLA) has proved to be a remarkably flexible and productive radio telescope. However, the basic capabilities of the VLA have changed little since it was designed. A major expansion utilizing modern technology is currently underway to improve the capabilities of the VLA by at least an order of magnitude in both sensitivity and in frequency coverage. The primary elements of the Expanded Very Large Array (EVLA) project include new or upgraded receivers for continuous frequency coverage from 1 to 50 GHz, new local oscillator, intermediate frequency, and wide bandwidth data transmission systems to carry signals with 16 GHz total bandwidth from each antenna, and a new digital correlator with the capability to process this bandwidth with an unprecedented number of frequency channels for an imaging array. Also included are a new monitor and control system and new software that will provide telescope ease of use. Scheduled for completion in 2012, the EVLA will provide the world research community with a flexible, powerful, general-purpose telescope to address current and future astronomical issues.
description: Added journal reference: published in Proceedings of the IEEE, Special Issue on Advances in Radio Astronomy, August 2009, vol. 97, No. 8, 1448-1462 Six figures, one table
title: NUCLEAR GEOMETRY: FROM NITROGEN TO NEON
Creators: name: Melker, Alexander I.
Publisher: name: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Year: 2020

description: The nuclear geometry was developed by analogy with the fullerene geometry. On
the basis of this geometric approach, it was possible to design the structure of nitrogen,
oxygen, fluorine and neon isomers and their isotopes, which can be obtained by means of
nuclear synthesis. The most stable nuclei can be classed into two groups: basic nuclei having
equal number of protons and neutrons and isotopes having one or two more neutrons. The
latter ensure their mechanical stability with respect to shear stresses, sending their electron to
the external coat of mail created by the basic nuclei.
Mixed type multiple orthogonal polynomials for two Nikishin systems
Creators: name: Prieto, U. Fidalgo
name: García, A. López
name: Lagomasino, G. López
name: Sorokin, V. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30E10, 42C05 (Primary) 41A20 (Secondary)

description: We study the logarithmic and ratio asymptotic of linear forms constructed from a Nikishin system which satisfy orthogonality conditions with respect to a system of measures generated from another Nikishin system. This construction combines type I and type II multiple orthogonal polynomials. The logarithmic asymptotic of the linear forms is expressed in terms of the extremal solution of an associated vector valued equilibrium problem for the logarithmic potential. The ratio asymptotic is described by means of a conformal representation of an appropriate Riemann surface of genus zero onto the extended complex plane.
description: 46 pages
Fermi Large Area Telescope Observations of the Cosmic-Ray Induced gamma-ray Emission of the Earth's Atmosphere
Creators: name: LAT Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on measurements of the cosmic-ray induced gamma-ray emission of Earth's atmosphere by the Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The LAT has observed the Earth during its commissioning phase and with a dedicated Earth-limb following observation in September 2008. These measurements yielded 6.4 x 10^6 photons with energies >100MeV and ~250hours total livetime for the highest quality data selection. This allows the study of the spatial and spectral distributions of these photons with unprecedented detail. The spectrum of the emission - often referred to as Earth albedo gamma-ray emission - has a power-law shape up to 500 GeV with spectral index Gamma = 2.79+-0.06.
description: Accepted for publication in PRD
Ferroelectric HfO$_2$-ZrO$_2$ multilayers with reduced wake-up
Creators: name: Mandal, Barnik
name: Philippe, Adrian-Marie
name: Valle, Nathalie
name: Defay, Emmanuel
name: Granzow, Torsten
name: Glinsek, Sebastjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the discovery of ferroelectricity in HfO$_2$ thin films, significant research has focused on Zr-doped HfO$_2$ and solid solution (Hf,Zr)O$_2$ thin films. Functional properties can be further tuned via multilayering, however, this approach has not yet been fully explored in HfO$_2$-ZrO$_2$ films. This work demonstrates ferroelectricity in a 50 nm thick, solution-processed HfO$_2$-ZrO$_2$ multilayer film, marking it as the thickest multilayer film to date exhibiting ferroelectric properties. The multilayer structure was confirmed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, with high-resolution TEM revealing grain continuity across multiple layers. This finding indicates that a polar phase in the originally paraelectric ZrO$_2$ layer, can be stabilized by the HfO$_2$ layer. The film attains a remanent polarization of 9 uC/cm$^2$ and exhibits accelerated wake-up behavior, attributed to its higher breakdown strength resulting from the incorporation of multiple interfaces. These results offer a faster wake-up mechanism for thick ferroelectric hafnia films.
An extended micromechanical model of compacting fibre beds
Creators: name: Arbabi, Nasser
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: An important step in the processing of unidirectional pre-impregnated composite laminates is debulking and compacting the layers to remove gaps between and within the laminae. During this step, the resin is heated up and can flow relative to the fibre bed. Consequently, the fibre bed’s elastic properties play a significant role in determining the pressure withstood by the fibre bed versus the resin, as well as in determining the resulting shear deformation of the prepreg. The flow of resin through the fibre bed is typically modeled by Darcy’s Law, and the fibre bed properties of interest are defined based on the fibre bed compaction curve, a stiffening curve relating the fibre bed's normal stress to its normal strain or volume fraction. The prevalent fibre bed model in literature is a simple analytical formulation that predicts the transverse modulus E_33, but it ignores the fibre bed's shear modulus. This thesis presents three main parts: First, a modified representative volume element is introduced, allowing for simultaneous prediction of the full elastic matrix with correlated transverse and shear moduli, both matching experimental measurements. This model represents all elastic properties through a single, coherent mechanical approach. Second, a statistical representation of the fibre bed is presented, incorporating inherent variations in fibres using the extended fibre bed model. This model establishes a direct connection between the material's mechanical response and the fibre bed architecture, including volume fraction and fibre waviness distribution. Results show that the shear modulus is more susceptible to variation due to non-homogenous fibre interactions creating nonuniform deformation during compaction. Third, classical micromechanical models' inadequacy in simulating prepreg behavior during initial resin curing stages is addressed. The extended fibre bed model is implemented, incorporating resin properties and enabling the calculation of the full elastic matrix for the prepreg as a unified system evolving based on compaction level and resin mechanical properties during curing. Coupling the prepreg micromechanical model with macro-level models provides a multiscale simulation framework necessary for accurate prediction of prepreg behavior throughout processing stages, from pre-gelation to solidified resin.
The low-mass population of the Rho Ophiuchi molecular cloud
Creators: name: de Oliveira, C. Alves
name: Moraux, E.
name: Bouvier, J.
name: Bouy, H.
name: Marmo, C.
name: Albert, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Star formation theories are currently divergent regarding the fundamental physical processes that dominate the substellar regime. Observations of nearby young open clusters allow the brown dwarf (BD) population to be characterised down to the planetary mass regime, which ultimately must be accommodated by a successful theory. We hope to uncover the low-mass population of the Rho Ophiuchi molecular cloud and investigate the properties of the newly found brown dwarfs. We use near-IR deep images (reaching completeness limits of approximately 20.5 mag in J, and 18.9 mag in H and Ks) taken with the Wide Field IR Camera (WIRCam) at the Canada France Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) to identify candidate members of Rho Oph in the substellar regime. A spectroscopic follow-up of a small sample of the candidates allows us to assess their spectral type, and subsequently their temperature and membership. We select 110 candidate members of the Rho Ophiuchi molecular cloud, from which 80 have not previously been associated with the cloud. We observed a small sample of these and spectroscopically confirm six new brown dwarfs with spectral types ranging from M6.5 to M8.25.
Pion Interferometry in Au+Au and Cu+Cu Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ = 62.4 and 200 GeV
Creators: name: The STAR Collaboration
name: Abelev, B. I.
name: Aggarwal, M. M.
name: Ahammed, Z.
name: Alakhverdyants, A. V.
name: Anderson, B. D.
name: Arkhipkin, D.
name: Averichev, G. S.
name: Balewski, J.
name: Barannikova, O.
name: Barnby, L. S.
name: Baumgart, S.
name: Beavis, D. R.
name: Bellwied, R.
name: Benedosso, F.
name: Betancourt, M. J.
name: Betts, R. R.
name: Bhasin, A.
name: Bhati, A. K.
name: Bichsel, H.
name: Bielcik, J.
name: Bielcikova, J.
name: Biritz, B.
name: Bland, L. C.
name: Bnzarov, I.
name: Bombara, M.
name: Bonner, B. E.
name: Bouchet, J.
name: Braidot, E.
name: Brandin, A. V.
name: Bruna, E.
name: Bueltmann, S.
name: Burton, T. P.
name: Bystersky, M.
name: Cai, X. Z.
name: Caines, H.
name: Calderon, M.
name: Catu, O.
name: Cebra, D.
name: Cendejas, R.
name: Cervantes, M. C.
name: Chajecki, Z.
name: Chaloupka, P.
name: Chattopadhyay, S.
name: Chen, H. F.
name: Chen17, J. H.
name: Chen50, J. Y.
name: Cheng43, J.
name: Cherney9, M.
name: Chikanian51, A.
name: Choi, K. E.
name: Christie, W.
name: Clarke, R. F.
name: Codrington, M. J. M.
name: Corliss, R.
name: Cormier, T. M.
name: Cosentino, M. R.
name: Cramer, J. G.
name: Crawford, H. J.
name: Das, D.
name: Dash, S.
name: Daugherity, M.
name: De Silva, L. C.
name: Dedovich, T. G.
name: DePhillips, M.
name: Derevschikov, A. A.
name: de Souza, R. Derradi
name: Didenko, L.
name: Djawotho, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic analysis of two-pion interferometry in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ = 62.4 GeV and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ = 62.4 and 200 GeV using the STAR detector at RHIC. The multiplicity and transverse momentum dependences of the extracted correlation lengths (radii) are studied. The scaling with charged particle multiplicity of the apparent system volume at final interaction is studied for the RHIC energy domain. The multiplicity scaling of the measured correlation radii is found to be independent of colliding system and collision energy.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures. for Physical Review C; http://prc.aps.org/abstract/PRC/v80/i2/e024905
Gaussian Process Port-Hamiltonian Systems: Bayesian Learning with Physics Prior
Creators: name: Beckers, Thomas
name: Seidman, Jacob
name: Perdikaris, Paris
name: Pappas, George J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data-driven approaches achieve remarkable results for the modeling of complex dynamics based on collected data. However, these models often neglect basic physical principles which determine the behavior of any real-world system. This omission is unfavorable in two ways: The models are not as data-efficient as they could be by incorporating physical prior knowledge, and the model itself might not be physically correct. We propose Gaussian Process Port-Hamiltonian systems (GP-PHS) as a physics-informed Bayesian learning approach with uncertainty quantification. The Bayesian nature of GP-PHS uses collected data to form a distribution over all possible Hamiltonians instead of a single point estimate. Due to the underlying physics model, a GP-PHS generates passive systems with respect to designated inputs and outputs. Further, the proposed approach preserves the compositional nature of Port-Hamiltonian systems.
description: Accepted at the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control 2022
Multiple Parton Interactions in Z+4j, W\pm W\pm +0/2j and W+ W- +2j production at the LHC
Creators: name: Maina, Ezio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The expected rate for Multiple Parton Interactions (MPI) at the LHC is large. This requires an estimate of their impact on all measurement foreseen at the LHC. Conversely it provides new means of studying MPI at the LHC. In this paper we examine the role of MPI at the LHC, with the design energy of 14 TeV, in - Z production in association with four jets, - W\pm W\pm in association with zero or two jets. -W+ W- in association with two jets. In all cases the vector bosons are assumed to decay leptonically. The MPI contribution to Z+4j is dominated by events with two jets with balancing transverse momentum. It is possible to achieve a good signal to background ratio, close to 20%, for MPI compared to Single Interaction processes by selecting events with two jets with large separation in the transverse plane. The corresponding statistical significance for a luminosity of 1 inverse fb is about 6.9 for the mu+mu- channel alone. The final state channel in which only two same-sign high transverse momentum charged leptons are required and additional hard jets are vetoed is dominated by MPI, with an expected yield of 2500 events with the full LHC luminosity.
description: Accepted for publication in JHEP
Thermo-Coupled Early Dark Energy
Creators: name: Kamionkowski, Marc
name: Mathur, Anubhav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Early dark energy solutions to the Hubble tension introduce an additional scalar field which is frozen at early times but becomes dynamical around matter-radiation equality. In order to alleviate the tension, the scalar's share of the total energy density must rapidly shrink from $\sim 10\%$ at the onset of matter domination to $\ll 1\%$ by recombination. This typically requires a steep potential that is imposed $\textit{ad hoc}$ rather than emerging from a concrete particle physics model. Here, we point out an alternative possibility: a homogeneous scalar field coupled quadratically to a cosmological background of light thermal relics (such as the Standard Model neutrino) will acquire an effective potential which can reproduce the dynamics necessary to alleviate the tension. We identify the relevant parameter space for this "thermo-coupled" scenario and study its unique phenomenology at the background level, including the back-reaction on the neutrino mass. Follow-up numerical work is necessary to determine the constraints placed on the model by early-time measurements.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, journal version
Studying Parton Energy Loss in Heavy-Ion Collisions via Direct-Photon and Charged-Particle Azimuthal Correlations
Creators: name: The STAR Collaboration
name: Abelev, B. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charged-particle spectra associated with direct photon ($γ_{dir} $) and $π^0$ are measured in $p$+$p$ and Au+Au collisions at center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV with the STAR detector at RHIC. A hower-shape analysis is used to partially discriminate between $γ_{dir}$ and $π^0$. Assuming no associated charged particles in the $γ_{dir}$ direction (near side) and small contribution from fragmentation photons ($γ_{frag}$), the associated charged-particle yields opposite to $γ_{dir}$ (away side) are extracted. At mid-rapidity ($|η|<0.9$) in central Au+Au collisions, charged-particle yields associated with $γ_{dir}$ and $π^0$ at high transverse momentum ($8< p_{T}^{trig}<16$ GeV/$c$) are suppressed by a factor of 3-5 compared with $p$ + $p$ collisions. The observed suppression of the associated charged particles, in the kinematic range $|η|<1$ and $3< p_{T}^{assoc} < 16$ GeV/$c$, is similar for $γ_{dir}$ and $π^0$, and independent of the $γ_{dir}$ energy within uncertainties. These measurements indicate that the parton energy loss, in the covered kinematic range, is insensitive to the parton path length.
description: submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett, 6 pages, 4 figures
Fermi Surface Evolution in an Electron-Doped High-Tc Superconductor Revealed by Magnetic Quantum Oscillations
Creators: name: Helm, T.
name: Kartsovnik, M. V.
name: Bartkowiak, M.
name: Bittner, N.
name: Lambacher, M.
name: Erb, A.
name: Wosnitza, J.
name: Gross, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the direct probing of the Fermi surface in the bulk of the electron-doped superconductor Nd$_{2-x}$Ce$_x$CuO$_4$ at different doping levels by means of magnetoresistance quantum oscillations. Our data reveal a sharp qualitative change in the Fermi surface topology, due to translational symmetry breaking in the electronic system which occurs at a critical doping level significantly exceeding the optimal doping. This result implies that the $(π/a,π/a)$ ordering, known to exist at low doping levels, survives up to the overdoped superconducting regime.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures; submitted to PRL
Soft Prompt Decoding for Multilingual Dense Retrieval
Creators: name: Huang, Zhiqi
name: Zeng, Hansi
name: Zamani, Hamed
name: Allan, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we explore a Multilingual Information Retrieval (MLIR) task, where the collection includes documents in multiple languages. We demonstrate that applying state-of-the-art approaches developed for cross-lingual information retrieval to MLIR tasks leads to sub-optimal performance. This is due to the heterogeneous and imbalanced nature of multilingual collections -- some languages are better represented in the collection and some benefit from large-scale training data. To address this issue, we present KD-SPD, a novel soft prompt decoding approach for MLIR that implicitly "translates" the representation of documents in different languages into the same embedding space. To address the challenges of data scarcity and imbalance, we introduce a knowledge distillation strategy. The teacher model is trained on rich English retrieval data, and by leveraging bi-text data, our distillation framework transfers its retrieval knowledge to the multilingual document encoder. Therefore, our approach does not require any multilingual retrieval training data. Extensive experiments on three MLIR datasets with a total of 15 languages demonstrate that KD-SPD significantly outperforms competitive baselines in all cases. We conduct extensive analyses to show that our method has less language bias and better zero-shot transfer ability towards new languages.
Remote-sensing based control of 3D magnetic fields using machine learning for in-operando applications
Creators: name: Sandoval, Miguel A. Cascales
name: Jurczyk, J.
name: Skoric, L.
name: Sanz-Hernández, D.
name: Leo, N.
name: Kovacs, A.
name: Schrefl, T.
name: Hierro-Rodríguez, A.
name: Fernández-Pacheco, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In-operando techniques enable real-time measurement of intricate physical properties at the micro- and nano-scale under external stimuli, allowing the study of a wide range of materials and functionalities. In nanomagnetism, in-operando techniques greatly benefit from precise three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field control, enabling access to complex magnetic states forming in systems where multiple energies are set to compete with each other. However, achieving such precision is challenging and uncommon, as specific applications impose constraints on the type and geometry of magnetic field sources, limiting their capabilities.
 Here, we introduce an approach that leverages machine learning algorithms to achieve precise 3D magnetic field control using a hexapole electromagnet that is composed of three independent, non-collinear dipole electromagnets. In our experimental setup, magnetic field sensors are placed at a distance from the sample position due to inherent constraints, leading to indirect field measurements that differ from the magnetic field experienced by the sample. We find that the existing relationship between the remote and sample frames of reference is non-linear, thus requiring a more complex calibration method. To address this, we employ a multi-layer perceptron neural network that processes multiple inputs from a dynamic magnetic field sequence, effectively capturing the time-dependent non-linear field response. The network achieves high calibration accuracy and demonstrates exceptional generalization to unseen magnetic field sequences. This study highlights the significant potential of machine learning in achieving high-precision control and calibration, crucial for in-operando experiments where direct measurement at the point of interest is not possible.