Nemoura alticalcaneum Mo, Wang & Li, sp. nov.
Creators: name: MO, RAORAO
name: WANG, GUOQUAN
name: YANG, DING
name: LI, WEIHAI
name: MURÁNYI, DÁVID
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Nemouridae
Nemoura
Nemoura alticalcaneum

description: Nemoura alticalcaneum Mo, Wang & Li, sp. nov.
(Figs. 2–4)
Adult habitus. Head and mouthparts black; antennae brown but scapus and pedicel darker, palpi brown; compound eyes black. Pronotum dark brown, rectangular, corners rounded, with obscure rugosities. Legs pale brown but the apical half of tibia of hindlegs brown to dark brown; wings brownish with dark marks around the X pattern and in the basal costal field, veins dark. Abdominal segments brown but terminalia darker with pale hairs.
Male (Figs. 2–4). Forewing length 5.5–5.7 mm (n=2). Tergum 9 (Figs. 2c, 3b) slightly sclerotized except anterior margin heavily sclerotized, constricted medially with a deep and broad, semicircular posterior indentation, and a few long hairs along posterior margin. Sternum 9 (Figs. 2b, 3a) with stubby claviform vesicle, length ca. 2X maximum width, slightly constricted basally; hypoproct at first half broad and rectangular, gradually tapering towards the sharp apex, with an abruptly constricted subapically. Tergum 10 (Figs. 2c, 3b) mostly sclerotized, with a narrow membranous longitudinal concavity beneath epiproct; lacks spines. Cercus (Figs. 2b–2c, 3a, 3b, 3d, 4b) basally distinctly sclerotized, medially with a ventrolateral short process (Figs. 2b–2c, 3a–3b): the process has a distinct basal bald stalk and a black spine; apical half mostly membranous, and gradually tapering towards sharp tip forming a black spike curved dorsad. Epiproct (Figs. 2c–2d, 3b, 4): rectangular, nearly 2X longer than width, with a short and rounded cone-shaped projection. Medium sized basal cushion located above the small basal sclerite. Pair of small dark ventral arms delimitate dorsal sclerite ventrally, subtriangular in lateral view. Lateral arms distinctly sclerotized, subrectangular, originate from basal dorsal fold and run along lateral sides of the epiproct. Ventral sclerite basally with a pair of small lateral knobs, after the broad base it is continued in a stout and short basal plate that bears two rows of three to four stout spines; ring of the ventral sclerite originates before the apical part of basal plate, moderately long and subrectangular, covered by a large membranous lobe; prongs widely connected to the ring, conical and lacks distinct teeth; the cone-shaped projection is short and wide, linear sclerotized area indistinct. Paraproct (Figs. 2b–2c, 3) divided into two lobes: outer lobe distinctly sclerotized and subdivided, inner lobe slightly sclerotized, long, slender and triangular with a rounded tip. Basal half of outer lobe is broad, with a triangular inner portion subdivided from outer portion and the apical half; apical half strongly sclerotized, curved outwards basally and then strongly upwards, apex is tapering toward the sharp tip forming a high-heeled process, curved inwards.
Female. Unknown.
Type material. Holotype: male (CAU), China: Guangxi, Guilin City, Xing’an County, Tongren Village, Maoershan National Natural Reserve, 25°54'18" N, 110°26'24" E, 1873 m, 2004.V.4, Yang D. Paratype: 1 male (HIST), the same data as the holotype.
Etymology. The name refers to the high-heeled process of the apical half of the outer paraproct lobe. Latin “ altus ” means high, and “ calcaneum ” means heel.
(Shimizu 1997; Sivec & Stark 2010a). It can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: the cercal segment has a slender apical spike and lacks dorsal seta; the apical portion of hypoproct is slim with a sharp tip; the paraproct has complex outer lobe, apically with a high-heeled process. In N. magniseta, the cercal segment has a rounded simple tip and dorsally bears a distinct seta; the apical portion of the hypoproct is nipple-like with a rounded tip; the paraproct is simple, its outer lobe having a small mesoapical projection. In general, the exceptionally modified, subdivided outer lobe of the paraproct is unique among the Nemoura species.
description: Published as part of MO, RAORAO, WANG, GUOQUAN, YANG, DING, LI, WEIHAI & MURÁNYI, DÁVID, 2022, Review and contribution to the stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, with new species and new records from South China, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5176 (1) on pages 6-7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5176.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7025356