cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Superconformal Blocks for SCFTs with Eight Supercharges
Creators: name: Bobev, Nikolay
name: Lauria, Edoardo
name: Mazac, Dalimil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to treat the superconformal algebras with eight Poincaré supercharges in a unified manner for spacetime dimension $2 < d\leq 6$. This formalism is ideally suited for analyzing the quadratic Casimir operator of the superconformal algebra and its use in deriving superconformal blocks. We illustrate this by an explicit construction of the superconformal blocks, for any value of the spacetime dimension, for external protected scalar operators which are the lowest component of flavor current multiplets.
description: 20+9 pages, v2: references added, v3: added closed formulas for the hypermultiplet decomposition
A critical analysis of clinical research methods to study regenerative endodontics
Creators: name: Galler, Kerstin M.
name: Akamp, Tobias
name: Knüttel, Helge
name: Widbiller, Matthias
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: clinical study; dental pulp necrosis; immature teeth; regenerative endodontics; revitalization
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Regenerative endodontic treatment such as revitalization provides a treatment option for immature teeth with pulp necrosis. The main difference to the alternative procedure, the apical plug, is the induction of a blood clot inside the canal as a scaffold for healing and new tissue formation. Due to the biology-based and minimally-invasive nature of the treatment, revitalization has raised considerable interest in recent years. Whereas the procedure is fairly new and recommendations from endodontic societies have been in place only for a few years, the treatment protocol has evolved over the past two decades. Evidence has been created, not only from laboratory and animal work, but also from clinical studies including case reports, cohort studies and eventually prospective randomized controlled clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. However, the research methods and clinical studies with subsequent reports oftentimes present with methodical limitations, which makes it difficult to objectively assess the value of this treatment modality. Several open questions remain, including the need for a more differentiated indication of revitalization after different traumatic injuries, the long-term prognosis of treated teeth and the true benefits for the patient. Therefore, this review aims to identify and reflect on such limitations, scrutinizing study design, diagnostic tools, procedural details and outcome parameters. A core outcome set is also proposed in this context, which can be considered in future clinical investigations. These considerations may lead to a more detailed and stringent planning and execution of future studies in order to create high-quality evidence for the treatment modality of revitalization and thus provide more robust data, create a larger body of knowledge for clinicians and further specify current recommendations.
Complementarity of direct detection experiments in search of light Dark Matter
Creators: name: Angevaare, J. R.
name: Bertone, G.
name: Colijn, A. P.
name: Decowski, M. P.
name: Kavanagh, B. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark Matter experiments searching for Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) primarily use nuclear recoils (NRs) in their attempt to detect WIMPs. Migdal-induced electronic recoils (ERs) provide additional sensitivity to light Dark Matter with $\mathcal{O}(\text{GeV}/c^2)$ masses. In this work, we use Bayesian inference to find the parameter space where future detectors like XENONnT and SuperCDMS SNOLAB will be able to detect WIMP Dark Matter through NRs, Migdal-induced ERs or a combination thereof. We identify regions where each detector is best at constraining the Dark Matter mass and spin independent cross-section and infer where two or more detection configurations are complementary to constraining these Dark Matter parameters through a combined analysis.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
Supporting Educators’ Professional Development Continuity: A Forecasting Approach for Curating Resources for Emergency Preparedness Planning
Creators: name: Leung, Javier
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 390307
subject: Teacher education and professional development of educators

description: The EdHub Library, part of the Network for Educator Effectiveness (NEE) at the University of Missouri-Columbia, has been an online professional development (PD) platform serving approximately 38,000 K-12 educators since 2014. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, subject-matter experts (SMEs) identified crucial online resources for educators’ emergency remote teaching (ERT) needs. Due to the unprecedented nature of the pandemic and the limited time to evaluate the historical data to identify critical pedagogical resources for supporting educators in their transition from in-person to online teaching during the pandemic, this study used a forecasting methodology to examine historical data of online resources from 2019, 2020, and 2021 academic years and identified critical online resources in 2020 to prepare an ERT resource. The findings revealed overall downward trends in resource utilization, with peaks observed at the beginning of the school year (August-September) and in Summer (May-June). Web traffic was the highest on Mondays through Wednesdays and decreased on Thursdays and Fridays. Although data mining techniques, such as outlier and anomaly detection, are typically used to identify anomalies in datasets, they are unsuitable for identifying resource access patterns with distinct upward or downward access trends. The forecasting methodology proved more effective for ERT planning and understanding the probabilities of educators accessing resources during emergencies. As a result of the study, 84 out of the 537 online pedagogical resources were curated for educators. The findings have implications for program evaluation in day-to-day operations and long-term planning, ensuring the PD continuity of educators during crises.
Spatially resolved mass flux measurements with dual comb spectroscopy
Creators: name: Yun, David
name: Cole, Ryan K.
name: Malarich, Nathan A.
name: Coburn, Sean C.
name: Hoghooghi, Nazanin
name: Liu, Jiwen
name: France, Jacob J.
name: Hagenmaier, Mark A.
name: Rice, Kristin M.
name: Donbar, Jeffrey M.
name: Rieker, Gregory B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Providing an accurate, representative sample of mass flux across large open areas for atmospheric studies or the extreme conditions of a hypersonic engine is challenging for traditional intrusive or point-based sensors. Here, we demonstrate that laser absorption spectroscopy with mode-locked frequency combs can simultaneously measure all of the components of mass flux (velocity, temperature, pressure, and species mole fraction) with low uncertainty, spatial resolution corresponding to the laser line of sight, and no supplemental sensor readings. The low uncertainty is provided by the broad spectral bandwidth, high resolution, and extremely well-known and controlled frequency axis of stabilized, mode-locked frequency combs. We demonstrate these capabilities using dual frequency comb spectroscopy (DCS) in the isolator of a ground-test supersonic propulsion engine at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. The mass flux measurements are consistent within 3.6% of the facility-level engine air supply values. A vertical scan of the laser beams in the isolator measures the spatially resolved mass flux, which is compared with computational fluid dynamics simulations. A rigorous uncertainty analysis demonstrates a instrument uncertainty of ~0.4%, and total uncertainty (including non-instrument sources) of ~7% for mass flux measurements. These measurements demonstrate DCS with mode-locked frequency combs as a low-uncertainty mass flux sensor for a variety of applications.
Performance of the ATLAS Track Reconstruction Algorithms in Dense Environments in LHC Run 2
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the increase in energy of the Large Hadron Collider to a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV for Run 2, events with dense environments, such as in the cores of high-energy jets, became a focus for new physics searches as well as measurements of the Standard Model. These environments are characterized by charged-particle separations of the order of the tracking detectors sensor granularity. Basic track quantities are compared between 3.2 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected by the ATLAS experiment and simulation of proton-proton collisions producing high-transverse-momentum jets at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The impact of charged-particle separations and multiplicities on the track reconstruction performance is discussed. The efficiency in the cores of jets with transverse momenta between 200 GeV and 1600 GeV is quantified using a novel, data-driven, method. The method uses the energy loss, dE/dx, to identify pixel clusters originating from two charged particles. Of the charged particles creating these clusters, the measured fraction that fail to be reconstructed is $0.061 \pm 0.006 \textrm{(stat.)} \pm 0.014 \textrm{(syst.)}$ and $0.093 \pm 0.017 \textrm{(stat.)}\pm 0.021 \textrm{(syst.)}$ for jet transverse momenta of 200-400 GeV and 1400-1600 GeV, respectively.
description: 44 pages in total, author list starting page 28, 17 figures, 1 table, submitted to EPJC, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/PERF-2015-08/
Characterization of pixelated silicon detectors for daily quality assurance measurements in proton therapy
Creators: name: Schilling, Isabelle
name: Bäcker, Claus Maximillian
name: Bäumer, Christian
name: Behrends, Carina
name: Kröninger, Kevin
name: Timmermann, Beate
name: Weingarten, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advanced imaging and delivery techniques in proton therapy allow conformal high-dose irradiation of the target volume with high accuracy using pencil beam scanning or beam shaping apertures. These irradiation methods increasingly include small radiation fields with large dose gradients, which require detector systems with high spatial resolution for quality assurance. In addition the measurement of all success parameters for daily quality assurance with only one proton field and one simple detector system would save a lot of time in clinical usage. Based on their good spatial resolution and high rate compatibility, pixelated silicon detectors could meet the new requirements. To assess their applicability in proton therapy, ATLAS pixelated silicon detectors are used to measure the lateral beam profile with high spatial resolution. Furthermore, a dose dependent detector calibration is presented to allow the measurement of the requested output constancy. A strategy to verify the proton energy during the daily quality assurance is under study. Promising results from proof-of-principle measurements at the West German Proton Therapy Centre in Essen, Germany, have been obtained.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in the proceedings of TIPP 2021 to be published in Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Efficient solution of 3D electromagnetic eddy-current problems within the finite volume framework of OpenFOAM
Creators: name: Beckstein, Pascal
name: Galindo, Vladimir
name: Vukčević, Vuko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Eddy-current problems occur in a wide range of industrial and metallurgical applications where conducting material is processed inductively. Motivated by realising coupled multi-physics simulations, we present a new method for the solution of such problems in the finite volume framework of foam-extend, an extended version of the very popular OpenFOAM software. The numerical procedure involves a semi-coupled multi-mesh approach to solve Maxwell's equations for non-magnetic materials by means of the Coulomb gauged magnetic vector potential and the electric scalar potential. The concept is further extended on the basis of the impressed and reduced magnetic vector potential and its usage in accordance with Biot-Savart's law to achieve a very efficient overall modelling even for complex three-dimensional geometries. Moreover, we present a special discretisation scheme to account for possible discontinuities in the electrical conductivity. To complement our numerical method, an extensive validation is completing the paper, which provides insight into the behaviour and the potential of our approach.
description: 47 pages, improved figures, updated references, fixed typos, reverse phase shift, consistent use of inner product
On Enforcing Satisfiable, Coherent, and Minimal Sets of Self-Map Constraints in MatBase
Creators: name: Mancas, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper rigorously and concisely defines, in the context of our (Elementary) Mathematical Data Model ((E)MDM), the mathematical concepts of self-map, composite mapping, totality, one-to-oneness, non-primeness, ontoness, bijectivity, default value, (null-)reflexivity, irreflexivity, (null-)symmetry, asymmetry, (null-)idempotency, anti-idempotency, (null-)equivalence, acyclicity, (null-)representative system mapping, the properties that relate them, and the corresponding corollaries on the coherence and minimality of sets made of such mapping properties viewed as database constraints. Its main contribution is the pseudocode algorithm used by MatBase, our intelligent database management system prototype based on both (E)MDM, the relational, and the entity-relationship data models, for enforcing self-map, atomic, and composite mapping constraint sets. We prove that this algorithm guarantees the satisfiability, coherence, and minimality of such sets, while being very fast, sound, complete, and minimal. In the sequel, we also presented the relevant MatBase user interface as well as the tables of its metacatalog used by this algorithm.
description: Submitted to the PriMera Scientific Engineering Journal on 18 Dec. 2024. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2410.23485
High-fidelity quantum control by polychromatic pulse trains
Creators: name: Ivanov, Svetoslav S.
name: Torosov, Boyan T.
name: Vitanov, Nikolay V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a quantum control technique using polychromatic pulse sequences (PPS), consisting of pulses with different carrier frequencies, i.e. different detunings with respect to the qubit transition frequency. We derive numerous PPS, which generate broadband, narrowband, and passband excitation profiles for different target transition probabilities. This makes it possible to create high-fidelity excitation profiles which are either (i) robust to deviations in the experimental parameters, which is attractive for quantum computing, or (ii) more sensitive to such variations, which is attractive for cross talk elimination and quantum sensing. The method is demonstrated experimentally using one of IBM's superconducting quantum processors, in a very good agreement between theory and experiment. These results demonstrate both the excellent coherence properties of the IBM qubits and the accuracy, robustness and flexibility of the proposed quantum control technique. They also show that the detuning is as efficient control parameter as the pulse phase that is commonly used in composite pulses. Hence the method opens a variety of perspectives for quantum control in areas where phase manipulation is difficult or inaccurate.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Active Self-Paced Learning for Cost-Effective and Progressive Face Identification
Creators: name: Lin, Liang
name: Wang, Keze
name: Meng, Deyu
name: Zuo, Wangmeng
name: Zhang, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper aims to develop a novel cost-effective framework for face identification, which progressively maintains a batch of classifiers with the increasing face images of different individuals. By naturally combining two recently rising techniques: active learning (AL) and self-paced learning (SPL), our framework is capable of automatically annotating new instances and incorporating them into training under weak expert re-certification. We first initialize the classifier using a few annotated samples for each individual, and extract image features using the convolutional neural nets. Then, a number of candidates are selected from the unannotated samples for classifier updating, in which we apply the current classifiers ranking the samples by the prediction confidence. In particular, our approach utilizes the high-confidence and low-confidence samples in the self-paced and the active user-query way, respectively. The neural nets are later fine-tuned based on the updated classifiers. Such heuristic implementation is formulated as solving a concise active SPL optimization problem, which also advances the SPL development by supplementing a rational dynamic curriculum constraint. The new model finely accords with the "instructor-student-collaborative" learning mode in human education. The advantages of this proposed framework are two-folds: i) The required number of annotated samples is significantly decreased while the comparable performance is guaranteed. A dramatic reduction of user effort is also achieved over other state-of-the-art active learning techniques. ii) The mixture of SPL and AL effectively improves not only the classifier accuracy compared to existing AL/SPL methods but also the robustness against noisy data. We evaluate our framework on two challenging datasets, and demonstrate very promising results. (http://hcp.sysu.edu.cn/projects/aspl/)
description: To appear in IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 2017
Arbitrary Nuclear Spin Gates in Diamond Mediated by a NV-center Electron Spin
Creators: name: Casanova, J.
name: Wang, Z. -Y.
name: Plenio, M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a protocol that achieves arbitrary N-qubit interactions between nuclear spins and that can measure directly nuclear many-body correlators by appropriately making the nuclear spins interact with a nitrogen vacancy (NV) center electron spin. The method takes advantage of recently introduced dynamical decoupling techniques and demonstrates that action on the electron spin is sufficient to fully exploit nuclear spins as robust quantum registers. Our protocol is general, being applicable to other nuclear spin based platforms with electronic spin defects acting as mediators as the case of silicon carbide.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Supplementary Videos from A toolbox for the retrodeformation and muscle reconstruction of fossil specimens in Blender
Creators: name: Herbst, Eva C.
name: Meade, Luke E.
name: Lautenschlager, Stephan
name: Fioritti, Niccolo
name: Scheyer, Torsten M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 80110 Simulation and Modelling
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurate muscle reconstructions can offer new information on the anatomy of fossil organisms and are also important for biomechanical analysis (multibody dynamics and finite-element analysis (FEA)). For the sake of simplicity, muscles are often modelled as point-to-point strands or frustra (cut-off cones) in biomechanical models. However, there are cases in which it is useful to model the muscle morphology in three dimensions, to better examine the effects of muscle shape and size. This is especially important for fossil analyses, where muscle force is estimated from the reconstructed muscle morphology (rather than based on data collected in vivo). The two main aims of this paper are as follows. First, we created a new interactive tool in the free open access software Blender to enable interactive three-dimensional modelling of muscles. This approach can be applied to both palaeontological and human biomechanics research to generate muscle force magnitudes and lines of action for FEA. Second, we provide a guide on how to use existing Blender tools to reconstruct distorted or incomplete specimens. This guide is aimed at palaeontologists but can also be used by anatomists working with damaged specimens or to test functional implication of hypothetical morphologies.
State Initialization of a Hot Spin Qubit in a Double Quantum Dot by Measurement-Based Quantum Feedback Control
Creators: name: Aarab, Azzouz
name: Azouit, Rémi
name: Reiher, Vincent
name: Bérubé-Lauzière, Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement-based quantum feedback protocol is developed for spin state initialization in a gate-defined double quantum dot spin qubit coupled to a superconducting resonator. The protocol improves qubit state initialization as it is able to robustly prepare the spin in shorter time and reach a higher fidelity, which can be pre-set. Being able to pre-set the fidelity aimed at is a highly desired feature enabling qubit initialization to be more deterministic. The protocol developed herein is also effective at high temperatures, which is critical for the current efforts towards scaling up the number of qubits in quantum computers.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Kite Tether Force Control: Reducing Power Fluctuations for Utility-Scale Airborne Wind Energy Systems
Creators: name: Hummel, Jesse
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This is the final presentation for my MSc graduation from 2023-06-30. It's about reducing power fluctuations of utility-scale airborne wind energy systems using feedforward winch control and a novel kite tether force control concept. The first increases the minimum power while the latter reduces the peak power. More on this work can be found in my report which is available at: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2a0b5cb1-ab4d-44bf-b6b6-929c612941fb Summary of this presentation: Airborne wind energy is an emerging technology that aims to capture the stronger
 and more steady high altitude winds using tethered kites. For utility-scale, ground-gen,
 fixed-wing systems such as MegAWES, the kite’s mass influences the apparent wind speed
 during the trajectory resulting in a fluctuating power output. Power fluctuations need to
 be smoothed before power can be transmitted to the grid. Larger fluctuations requires
 larger generators and auxiliary systems that increase the cost and environmental impact.
 The main contributions of this work are threefold. First, an analysis of winch inertia and
 radius shows that the winch sizing plays an important role in power output and tether
 force overshoot. Second, the minimum power during the traction phase is increased from
 −4.7MW (consuming power) to 3.5MW by using a feedforward winch controller. Third,
 the peak power is reduced from 20.0MW to 9.8MW by using a kite tether force control
 concept while minimally affecting mean power.
Berry curvature dipole senses topological transition in a moiré superlattice
Creators: name: Sinha, Subhajit
name: Adak, Pratap Chandra
name: Chakraborty, Atasi
name: Das, Kamal
name: Debnath, Koyendrila
name: Sangani, L. D. Varma
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Waghmare, Umesh V.
name: Agarwal, Amit
name: Deshmukh, Mandar M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological aspects of electron wavefunction play a crucial role in determining the physical properties of materials. Berry curvature and Chern number are used to define the topological structure of electronic bands. While Berry curvature and its effects in materials have been studied, detecting changes in the topological invariant, Chern number, is challenging. In this regard, twisted double bilayer graphene (TDBG) has emerged as a promising platform to gain electrical control over the Berry curvature hotspots and the valley Chern numbers of its flat bands. In addition, strain induced breaking of the three-fold rotation (C3) symmetry in TDBG, leads to a non-zero first moment of Berry curvature called the Berry curvature dipole (BCD), which can be sensed using nonlinear Hall (NLH) effect. We reveal, using TDBG, that the BCD detects topological transitions in the bands and changes its sign. In TDBG, the perpendicular electric field tunes the valley Chern number and the BCD simultaneously allowing us a tunable system to probe the physics of topological transitions. Furthermore, we find hysteresis of longitudinal and NLH responses with electric field that can be attributed to switching of electric polarization in moiré systems. Such a hysteretic response holds promise for next-generation Berry curvature-based memory devices. Probing topological transitions, as we show, can be emulated in other 3D topological systems.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, and supplementary information
Enhancing Geodetic Precision in The East Asian VLBI Network with K Band (+) Observations
Creators: name: Xu, Shuangjing
name: Jung, Taehyun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Achieving microarcsecond-level astrometry with a Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) array requires station coordinates known to millimeter-level accuracy. We initiated regular geodetic observations at K-band (22 GHz) to directly determine the positions of non-geodetic East Asian VLBI Network (EAVN) stations relative to highly accurate reference stations. By combining approximately 10 dedicated EAVN geodetic sessions conducted between 2019 and 2024 with thousands of archival geodetic observations, we successfully estimated the coordinates of core EAVN stations with millimeter precision. In addition, I present our ongoing efforts to extend geodetic capability from K-band to higher frequencies (K/Q/W-band), along with preliminary results from the first Global Millimeter VLBI Array (GMVA) geodetic observations at W-band.
Dark matter distribution in X-ray luminous galaxy clusters with Emergent Gravity
Creators: name: Ettori, S.
name: Ghirardini, V.
name: Eckert, D.
name: Dubath, F.
name: Pointecouteau, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the radial distribution of the dark matter in two massive, X-ray luminous galaxy clusters, Abell~2142 and Abell~2319, and compare it with the quantity predicted as apparent manifestation of the baryonic mass in the context of the "Emergent Gravity" scenario, recently suggested from Verlinde (2016). Thanks to the observational strategy of the \xmm\ Cluster Outskirt Programme (X-COP), using the X-ray emission mapped with \xmm\ and the SZ signal in the Planck survey, we recover the gas density, temperature and thermal pressure profiles up to $\sim R_{200}$, allowing to constrain at unprecedented level the total mass through the hydrostatic equilibrium equation. We show that, also including systematic uncertainties related to the X-ray based mass modelling, the apparent "dark" matter shows a radial profile that has a shape different from the traditional dark matter distribution, with larger discrepancies (by a factor 2--3) in the inner ($r<200$ kpc) cluster's regions and a remarkable agreement only across $R_{500}$.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. To be published in MNRAS
The Bottom-Up EFT: Complete UV Resonances of the SMEFT Operators
Creators: name: Li, Hao-Lin
name: Ni, Yu-Han
name: Xiao, Ming-Lei
name: Yu, Jiang-Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard model effective field theory (SMEFT) provides systematic parameterization of all possible new physics above the electroweak scale. According to the amplitude-operator correspondence, an effective operator can be decomposed into a linear combination of several j-basis operators, which correspond to local amplitudes carrying certain spin and gauge quantum numbers in a particular scattering channel. Based on the Poincare and gauge symmetries of scattering amplitude, we construct the j-basis using the Casimir method for both the Lorentz and gauge sectors. The quantum numbers of the j-basis operators fix the quantum numbers of any intermediate state in the corresponding amplitudes, such as a UV resonance. This can be re-interpreted as the j-basis/UV correspondence, thus obtaining the j-bases in all partitions of fields for an operator amounts to finding all of its UV origins at tree level, constituting the central part of the bottom-up EFT framework. Applying the j-basis analysis to SMEFT, we obtain a complete list of possible tree-level UV origins of the effective operators at the dimension 5, 6, 7, and all the bosonic operators at the dimension 8.
description: 125 pages, 10 figures, 33 tables, revised to match the published version, references added
Using Kernel-Based Statistical Distance to Study the Dynamics of Charged Particle Beams in Particle-Based Simulation Codes
Creators: name: Mitchell, Chad E.
name: Ryne, Robert D.
name: Hwang, Kilean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measures of discrepancy between probability distributions (statistical distance) are widely used in the fields of artificial intelligence and machine learning. We describe how certain measures of statistical distance can be implemented as numerical diagnostics for simulations involving charged-particle beams. Related measures of statistical dependence are also described. The resulting diagnostics provide sensitive measures of dynamical processes important for beams in nonlinear or high-intensity systems, which are otherwise difficult to characterize. The focus is on kernel-based methods such as Maximum Mean Discrepancy, which have a well-developed mathematical foundation and reasonable computational complexity. Several benchmark problems and examples involving intense beams are discussed. While the focus is on charged-particle beams, these methods may also be applied to other many-body systems such as plasmas or gravitational systems.
Assessing the communication gap between AI models and healthcare professionals: explainability, utility and trust in AI-driven clinical decision-making
Creators: name: Wysocki, Oskar
name: Davies, Jessica Katharine
name: Vigo, Markel
name: Armstrong, Anne Caroline
name: Landers, Dónal
name: Lee, Rebecca
name: Freitas, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper contributes with a pragmatic evaluation framework for explainable Machine Learning (ML) models for clinical decision support. The study revealed a more nuanced role for ML explanation models, when these are pragmatically embedded in the clinical context. Despite the general positive attitude of healthcare professionals (HCPs) towards explanations as a safety and trust mechanism, for a significant set of participants there were negative effects associated with confirmation bias, accentuating model over-reliance and increased effort to interact with the model. Also, contradicting one of its main intended functions, standard explanatory models showed limited ability to support a critical understanding of the limitations of the model. However, we found new significant positive effects which repositions the role of explanations within a clinical context: these include reduction of automation bias, addressing ambiguous clinical cases (cases where HCPs were not certain about their decision) and support of less experienced HCPs in the acquisition of new domain knowledge.
description: supplementary information in the main pdf
Covariant formulation of Aharonov-Bohm electrodynamics and its application to coherent tunnelling
Creators: name: Modanese, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extended electrodynamic theory introduced by Aharonov and Bohm (after an earlier attempt by Ohmura) and recently developed by Van Vlaenderen and Waser, Hively and Giakos, can be re-written and solved in a simple and effective way in the standard covariant 4D formalism. This displays more clearly some of its features. The theory allows a very interesting consistent generalization of the Maxwell equations. In particular, the generalized field equations are compatible with sources (classical, or more likely of quantum nature) for which the continuity/conservation equation $\partial_μj^μ=0$ is not valid everywhere, or is valid only as an average above a certain scale. And yet, remarkably, in the end the observable $F^{μν}$ field is still generated by a conserved effective source which we denote as $(j^ν+i^ν)$, being $i^ν$ a suitable non-local function of $j^ν$. This implies that any microscopic violation of the charge continuity condition is "censored" at the macroscopic level, although it has real consequences, because it generates a non-Maxwellian component of the field. We consider possible applications of this formalism to condensed-matter systems with macroscopic quantum tunneling. The extended electrodynamics can also be coupled to fractional quantum systems.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures. To appear in "Unified Field Mechanics II - Preliminary Formulations and Empirical Tests", Ed.s R.L. Amoroso, L.H. Kauffman, P. Rowlands, World Scientific, 2017
DP-colorings of graphs with high chromatic number
Creators: name: Bernshteyn, Anton
name: Kostochka, Alexandr
name: Zhu, Xuding
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: DP-coloring is a generalization of list coloring introduced recently by Dvořák and Postle. We prove that for every $n$-vertex graph $G$ whose chromatic number $χ(G)$ is "close" to $n$, the DP-chromatic number of $G$ equals $χ(G)$. "Close" here means $χ(G)\geq n-O(\sqrt{n})$, and we also show that this lower bound is best possible (up to the constant factor in front of $\sqrt{n}$), in contrast to the case of list coloring.
description: 9 pages; v2: incorporated referees' comments
Integrated food-based multi-actor approach to combat malnutrition
Creators: name: Yazdanpanah, Masoud
name: Löhr, Katharina
name: Hoffmann, Harry
name: Welte, Simone
name: Klaus, Lisa Maria
name: Zobeidi, Tahereh
name: Rybak, Constance
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: food security
subject: malnutrition
subject: nutrition-sensitive agriculture
subject: nutrition education
subject: dietary diversification
subject: 630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Despite initial progress, overall development toward zero hunger is not promising. Combating all forms of malnutrition is a complex challenge that requires complex answers from the local to global scales. To support a common understanding and to develop a joint approach that adequately addresses these challenges, an expert panel discussion was organized during the “Nutrition for Growth Summit Tokyo” on (7–8) December 2021 entitled “Multi-sectoral systems approach to holistically tackle malnutrition” upon which this article is based. We highpoint the requirement for actual access to ideas that move beyond the abstract and mostly figurative acknowledgment of the importance of bringing all actors together to combat malnutrition. Four entry points for a food-based multi-sectoral system approach to holistically tackle the burden of malnutrition were agreed upon. These entry points are not discrete, single entities but rather require integrated approaches. While we argue for an integrated approach building on all four interlinked components, it is important to note that the degree of each component's integration is context-dependent and that the examples presented as possible implementation strategies do not apply to all countries alike.
A multi-messenger study of the blazar PKS 0735+178: a new major neutrino source candidate
Creators: name: Sahakyan, N.
name: Giommi, P.
name: Padovani, P.
name: Petropoulou, M.
name: Bégué, D.
name: Boccardi, B.
name: Gasparyan, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The blazar PKS 0735+178 is possibly associated with multiple neutrino events observed by the IceCube, Baikal, Baksan, and KM3NeT neutrino telescopes while it was flaring in the $γ$-ray, X-ray, ultraviolet and optical bands. We present a detailed study of this peculiar blazar to investigate the temporal and spectral changes in the multi-wavelength emission when the neutrino events were observed. The analysis of Swift-XRT snapshots reveal a flux variability of more than a factor 2 in about $5\times10^3$ seconds during the observation on December 17, 2021. In the $γ$-ray band, the source was in its historical highest flux level at the time of the arrival of the neutrinos. The observational comparison between PKS 0735+178 and other neutrino source candidates, such as TXS 0506+056, PKS 1424+240, and GB6 J1542+6129, shows that all these sources share similar spectral energy distributions, very high radio and $γ$-ray powers, and parsec scale jet properties. Moreover, we present strong supporting evidence for PKS 0735+178 to be, like all the others, a masquerading BL Lac. We perform comprehensive modelling of the multiwavelength emission from PKS 0735+178 within one-zone lepto-hadronic models considering both internal and external photon fields and estimate the expected accompanying neutrino flux. The most optimistic scenario invokes a jet with luminosity close to the Eddington value and the interactions of $\sim$ PeV protons with an external UV photon field. This scenario predicts $\sim 0.067$ muon and antimuon neutrinos over the observed 3-week flare. Our results are consistent with the detection of one very-high-energy neutrino like IceCube-211208A.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Quantum Biometrics with Retinal Photon Counting
Creators: name: Loulakis, M.
name: Blatsios, G.
name: Vrettou, C. S.
name: Kominis, I. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is known that the eye's scotopic photodetectors, rhodopsin molecules and their associated phototransduction mechanism leading to light perception, are efficient single photon counters. We here use the photon counting principles of human rod vision to propose a secure quantum biometric identification based on the quantum-statistical properties of retinal photon detection. The photon path along the human eye until its detection by rod cells is modeled as a filter having a specific transmission coefficient. Precisely determining its value from the photodetection statistics registered by the conscious observer is a quantum parameter estimation problem that leads to a quantum secure identification method. The probabilities for false positive and false negative identification of this biometric technique can readily approach $10^{-10}$ and $10^{-4}$, respectively. The security of the biometric method can be further quantified by the physics of quantum measurements. An impostor must be able to perform quantum thermometry and quantum magnetometry with energy resolution better than $10^{-9}\hbar$, in order to foil the device by non-invasively monitoring the biometric activity of a user.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Stationary engines in and beyond the linear response regime at the Carnot efficiency
Creators: name: Shiraishi, Naoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The condition for stationary engines to attain the Carnot efficiency in and beyond the linear response regime is investigated. We find that this condition for finite-size engines is significantly different from that for macroscopic engines in the thermodynamic limit. For the case of finite-size engines, the tight-coupling condition in the linear response regime directly implies the attainability of the Carnot efficiency beyond the linear response regime. Contrary to this, for the case of macroscopic engines in the thermodynamic limit, there are three types of mechanisms to attain the Carnot efficiency. One mechanism allows engines to attain the Carnot efficiency only in the linear response limit, while other two mechanisms enable engines to attain the Carnot efficiency beyond the linear response regime. These three mechanisms are classified by introducing tight-coupling window.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Parametric Model Embedding
Creators: name: Serani, Andrea
name: Diez, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Methodologies for reducing the design-space dimensionality in shape optimization have been recently developed based on unsupervised machine learning methods. These methods provide reduced dimensionality representations of the design space, capable of maintaining a certain degree of the original design variability. Nevertheless, they usually do not allow to use directly the original parameterization method, representing a limitation to their widespread application in the industrial field, where the design parameters often pertain to well-established parametric models, e.g. CAD (computer-aided design) models. This work presents how to embed the parametric-model original parameters in a reduced-dimensionality representation of the design space. The method, which takes advantage from the definition of a newly-introduced generalized feature space, is demonstrated, as a proof of concept, for the reparameterization of 2D Bezier curves and 3D free-form deformation design spaces and the consequent solution of simulation-driven design optimization problems of a subsonic airfoil and a naval destroyer in calm water, respectively.
description: Paper submitted to Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Tetanus case fatality ratios: a systematic review and modeling study, 1980 to 2022
Creators: name: Shalev, Noga
name: Rogowski, Emma
name: Mosser, Jonathan F
name: Poudyal, Ishu
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Diseases
subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Bacterial Infections and Mycoses

description: This registration describes a systematic review of tetanus case fatality ratios (CFR) to develop an age- and sex- specific model for estimating global CFR trends between 1980 and 2022. The search, screening, and extraction phase has been completed at the time of registration.
New physics interpretation of $W$-boson mass anomaly
Creators: name: Endo, Motoi
name: Mishima, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CDF collaboration has recently reported an updated result on the $W$-boson mass measurement, showing a $7σ$ deviation from the standard model prediction. The discrepancy may indicate new contributions to the Fermi coupling constant. We study simple extensions of the standard model by introducing an extra scalar, fermion or vector field. It is found that the tension implies the new physics existing in multi-TeV scales if the new coupling to the electron and/or muon is of order unity.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures, version accepted by PRD
Terahertz Dielectric Analysis and Spin-Phonon Coupling in Multiferroic GeV$_4$S$_8$
Creators: name: Warren, Matthew T.
name: Pokharel, G.
name: Christianson, A. D.
name: Mandrus, D.
name: Aguilar, R. Valdés
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an investigation of the multiferroic lacunar spinel compound GeV$_4$S$_8$ using time-domain terahertz spectroscopy. We find three absorptions which either appear or shift at the antiferromagnetic transition temperature, T$_N = 17$ K, as S=1 magnetic moments develop on vanadium tetrahedra. Two of these absorptions are coupled to the magnetic state and one only appears below the Néel temperature, and is interpreted as a magnon. We also observe isosbestic points in the dielectric constant in both the temperature and frequency domains. Further, we perform analysis on the isosbestic features to reveal an interesting collapse into a single curve as a function of both frequency and temperature, behavior which exists throughout the phase transitions. This analysis suggests the importance of spectral changes in the terahertz range which are linear in frequency and temperature.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. V2 in response to referees
Anomalous Josephson Hall effect in doped topological insulators with the nematic superconductivity
Creators: name: Akzyanov, R. S.
name: Rakhmanov, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the physics of the Josephson effect in nematic superconductors with $E_u$ odd parity in the Ginzburg-Landau approach. Two-component vector superconducting order parameter makes this effect rather unusual. We get that the Meissner kernel has off-diagonal components. We derive current-phase relations for different configurations of the junction, crystallographic axes of the sample, and nematicity direction. We show that an anomalous Josephson Hall effect can be observed in such a system without any magnetization. That is, for definite orientations of the junction and crystal axes, a component of the Josephson current along the junction is induced by the order parameter phase difference across the contact. We also calculate the magnetic field dependence of the maximum current through the junction. We find that the period of the Fraunhofer oscillations of the maximum Josephson current depends on the geometry of the junction, direction of the magnetic field, and nematicity vector.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures