Rufocumbre eberti Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande 2017, stat. nov., comb. nov.
Creators: name: Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo
name: Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik
name: Casagrande, Mirna Martins
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Rufocumbre
Rufocumbre eberti

description: Rufocumbre eberti (Evans, 1955) stat. nov., comb. nov.
Figs 9–12, 23, 30–32, 35, 40, 45, 48–53, 55.
Cumbre belli eberti Evans, 1955. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 4, p. 170; holotype male, 14-IX-1952, Fazenda Barcellos, Bergland um Ouro Preta [sic], Minas Gerais, [Brazil], 1100 m, H. Ebert leg.; BM(NH).- Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 37; 2, p. 10.- Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 59; 2, p. 17.- K. Brown & Freitas, 2000. Bol. Mus. Biol. Mello Leitão, n. s., Sta. Teresa, 11/12: 113.- Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 65, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A.- Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 4, p. 902.- Zacca & Bravo, 2012. Biota Neotrop. 12 (2): 123.
(no genus) eberti; Beattie, 1976. RHop. Direct., p. 133.
Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from all the species belonging to Rufocumbre by the presence of gray to purple scales in the basal band on hind wing ventral; however, considering that this character is difficult to see in old or damaged specimens, the characters from genitalia are necessary to distinguish it properly. Rufocumbre eberti is distinguished from R. celioi and R. emeryi by the largely bifid uncus (Fig. 35) and the presence of lamella antevaginalis (Fig. 40). These features are also present in R. schneideri sp. nov. (Figs 36, 41) and R. lucasi sp. nov. (Figs 37, 42), from which R. eberti is separated by having the arms of uncus slightly divergent and four times longer than wide, proximal margin of the ampulla pointed, below the midline of valva (Fig. 35); lamella antevaginalis bifid after 1/3 of its length, with large projections separated from each other by a short distance (Fig. 40).
Variation. Only a female specimen of R. eberti from Serra da Maravilha, Senhor do Bonfim, Bahia, Brazil (Zacca & Bravo 2012), the northernmost record for this species (Fig. 55), has the ventral hind wing with the basal and postdiscal bands yellow as in R. lucasi sp. nov. (Figs 18, 20) (see discussion in R. lucasi sp. nov.). In the male genitalia, variations were observed in the thickness and inclination of the dorsal projection of saccus, in the width of the uncus arms, and in the length of the distal projection of harpe. On the other hand, female genitalia are notably variable throughout the range of this species. In the central area of its distribution (Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais state, type locality), the females have the lamella antevaginalis bifurcated before its half-length, with two long, pointed and divergent projections, and the distal margin of the lamella postvaginalis pointed and with straight projections (Fig. 48). Females from south (Delfim Moreira, Minas Gerais) and easternmost (Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo) distribution have the lamella antevaginalis with the basal plate larger than described above, bifurcated at the middle of its length, with irregular projections and straight tips, and the distal margin of the lamella postvaginalis curved, with rounded projections (Fig. 49). In the northernmost distribution (Bahia), females of R. eberti have two morphological extremes, one with the lamella antevaginalis bifurcated above its half-length, with irregular internal projections, close to each other and with large, pointed and divergent tips (Fig. 50); in the other extreme, the bifurcation of the lamella antevaginalis is before its half-length, and the projections are straight, distally tapered and pointed (Fig. 53); however, intermediates between these two extremes were also found (Figs 51–52).
Comments. This taxon was described by Evans (1955) as a subspecies of Cumbre belli (Hayward, 1939), a species recently considered a junior subjective synonym of Cumbre meridionalis (Hayward, 1934) (Dolibaina et al. 2014). As stated by Dolibaina et al. (2014), the taxon eberti does not belong to Cumbre; in addition, C. belli eberti must be elevated to the rank of species and transferred to a new genus, as proposed here.
Rufocumbre eberti was misidentified in some studies of the butterflies of Central Brazil (Brown & Mielke 1967, Pinheiro & Emery 2006, Mielke et al. 2008). Those records belong to R. emeryi sp. nov. and R. schneideri sp. nov.
Geographical distribution and phenology. This species is widely distributed in Brazil, from Bahia to São Paulo in areas between 600 and 1800 m (Fig. 55). Specimens were collected throughout the year except November.
Etymology. Although it was not mentioned in the original description (Evans 1955), this species was probably dedicated to Heinz Ebert, collector of the type series.
Examined material. The holotype male of Cumbre belli eberti is deposited at NHMUK with the following labels: / Bergland un Ouro Preto (Min. Ger.): Fazenda Barcellos, 1100-1200m; 10- 14.9.1952 H. Ebert / Brasil: Dr. H. Ebert BM. 1953-824 / Type eberti Evans /.
BRAZIL – Bahia: Erico Cardoso (Pico do Barbado), 1300-1500 m, 1.II.2007, Mielke & Casagrande leg. 4 males (DZ 8.766*, DZ 8.710*, DZ 8.694, DZ 8.686) (DZUP); Lençóis (Morro do Pai Inácio), 800-1200 m, 2.XII.1997, Mielke & Casagrande leg. 1 male (OM 47.187*) (OM), 800 m, 3-7.XII.1997, Mielke & Casagrande leg. 1 male (OM 47.914*) (OM), 10.III.1999, Mielke & Casagrande leg. 2 females (OM 50.023*, OM 50.030*) (OM), 850 m, 12.III.1999, Mielke & Casagrande leg. 1 male and 4 females (OM 50.172*, OM 50.158, OM 50.144*, OM 50.137*, OM 50.165*) (OM), (Morro do Camelo) 800 m, 18.V.1999, Moser leg. 1 male (CLAM); Morro do Chapéu, 1000 m, 23-24.IV.1991, Becker leg. 1 male (OM 50.780*) (OM); Senhor do Bonfim (Serra da Maravilha), 950 m, 20.VII.2009, Zacca leg. 1 female (MZUEFS 45.340) (MZUEFS). Espírito Santo: Santa Teresa, 750 m, 25.VIII.1966, C. & C. T. Elias leg. 1 male (DZ 17.067) (DZUP), 10.IX.1966, C. & C. T. Elias leg. 1 female (DZ 17.080*) (DZUP), 15.IX.1966, C. & C. T. Elias leg. 2 males (DZ 17.082, DZ 17.081*) (DZUP), 8.I.1967, C. & C. T. Elias leg. 1 male and 1 female (DZ 15.771, DZ 17.090) (DZUP), 10.V.1967, C. & C. T. Elias leg. 1 male and 1 female (DZ 15.743*, DZ 17.073*) (DZUP), 20.VII.1969, C. & C. T. Elias leg. 1 male and 1 female (DZ 17.071, DZ 17.068) (DZUP), 750 m, 25-29.III.1970, H. Ebert leg. 1 male and 1 female (DZ 15.388*, DZ 15.785*) (DZUP), 28.VIII.1968, H. Ebert leg. 1 male (DZ 17.074*) (DZUP), 900 m, 22.III.1971, Callaghan leg. 1 female (MGCL). Minas Gerais: Alto Caparaó (Parque Nacional do Caparaó), 1400 m, 6-8.II.1987, Mielke & Casagrande leg. 1 male (OM 13.750*) (OM). Barbacena (Serra da Mantiqueira), 1100 m, 25.III.1951, H. Ebert leg. 1 male (DZ 17.083) (DZUP), 30.VI.1951, H. Ebert leg. 1 male (DZ 17.085) (DZUP), 29.VIII.1951, H. Ebert leg. 1 male (DZ 17.104) (DZUP), 11.VIII.1952, H. Ebert leg. 1 male (DZ 17.101*) (DZUP), 22.VIII.1952, H. Ebert leg. 1 male (OM 65.974*) (OM), 5.XII.1953, H. Ebert leg. 1 female (DZ 17.107*) (DZUP), 11.IV.1955, H. Ebert leg. 1 male (DZ 17.076) (DZUP), 8.V.1967, H. Ebert leg. 2 males (DZ 17.070*, DZ 17.108) (DZUP), 1100 m, 14.VI.1972, Mielke & Brown leg. 1 male (DZ 16.419*) (DZUP), 22.VII.1972, Ebert leg. 3 males (DZ 17.105, DZ 17.062, OM 75.974) (DZUP, OM), 1200 m, 6.XII.1970, Callaghan leg. 1 male and 1 female (MGCL), 1100 m, 20.IV.1975, Callaghan leg. 3 males (MGCL); Catas Altas (Caraça), 24.IV.1975, Callaghan leg. 1 female (MGCL), II.1978, N. Tangerini leg. 1 female (DZ 36.533) (DZUP), 2-4.I.1985, Becker leg. 1 male (OM 50.773*) (OM), 1300-1500m, 1-5.II.1985, Mielke & Casagrande leg. 9 males and 3 females (DZ 17.091, DZ 17.075, DZ 17.094, DZ 17.098, DZ 17.764, DZ 15.757, DZ 15.381*, DZ 15.367*, DZ 17.069*, DZ 15.806*, DZ 17.061, DZ 17.087*) (DZUP), 1300 m, 1.XII.1988, O. & E. Mielke leg. 1 male and 1 female (OM 19.363*, OM 19.333) (OM), 1300 m, 4-6.III.2003, Mielke & Casagrande leg. 7 males and 3 females (OM 59.180, OM 59.397, OM 59.360, OM 59.279, OM 59.544*, OM 59.297*, OM 59.751, OM 59.325*, OM 59.680, OM 59.370) (OM), 19.IV.2003, Mielke leg. 2 males (OM 60.715, OM 60.806) (OM), 16-18.IX.2006, Mielke & Casagrande leg. 4 males (DZ 17.095, DZ 15.591*, DZ 17.093* DZ 17.096) (DZUP); Congonhas (Rio de Janeiro-Belo Horizonte road Km 344), 10- 12.IV.1973, Callaghan leg. 1 male (MGCL); Cristália (Morro do Chapéu), 1300 m, 14.II.2010, P. Grossi leg. 1 male (DZ 16.662*) (DZUP); Delfim Moreira (15 Km SE), 1500-1800 m, 17-18.I.2004, Mielke & Casagrande leg. 1 male (DZ 15.729*) (DZUP), 22-23.I.2004, Mielke & Casagrande leg. 1 female (DZ 17.117*) (DZUP); Ouro Branco, 1150m, 7.III.1954, Ebert leg. 2 males (OM 10.331*, OM 10.330) (OM); Ouro Preto, 1100 m, 21.VII.1953, Ebert leg. 2 males and 1 female (OM 65.904*, OM 66.002, OM 66.016*) (OM); Poços de Caldas, 1200 m, 3- 4.X.1966, Ebert leg. 1 male (DZ 17.078) (DZUP); Santana do Riacho (Serra do Espinhaço, Alto Palacio), 1350 m, 12.VIII.2013, A. C. V. Pires leg. 1 male (DZ 36.542) (DZUP); São João del Rei, 1000 m, 19.VIII.1956, Ebert leg. 1 male (DZ 17.079) (DZUP). Rio de Janeiro: Petrópolis (São José do Rio Preto), 600 m, 16.IV.1965, Mielke leg. 3 males (OM 7.124, OM 7.123, OM 7.125*) (OM). São Paulo: Atibaia (Pedra Grande), 1200-1500 m, 31.XII.2001, Moser leg. 1 male (CLAM); Joanópolis, 1000-1400 m, 2.I.2002, Moser leg. 1 female (CLAM).
description: Published as part of Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins, 2017, Taxonomy of Rufocumbre gen. nov., a new Moncini skipper genus (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae), pp. 196-216 in Zootaxa 4365 (2) on pages 208-209, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4365.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1117608