Desyopone hereon Boudinot &amp; Richter &amp; Hammel &amp; Szwedo &amp; Bojarski &amp; Perrichot 2022, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Boudinot, Brendon E.
name: Richter, Adrian K.
name: Hammel, Jörg U.
name: Szwedo, Jacek
name: Bojarski, Błażej
name: Perrichot, Vincent
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Desyopone
Desyopone hereon

description: † <i>Desyopone hereon</i> sp. nov. Boudinot and Perrichot (Figures 1–5) <i>ZooBank LSID</i>: urn: lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9E345965-6AA1-42D8-A468-187BABBB38D2. <i>Etymology</i>. The specific epithet gratefully recognizes the Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, the research center which funds and operates the Imaging Beamline (P05) at DESY, thus making the present work possible. <i>Holotype</i>. Male (m), MAIG 6016 (Figures 1B, 2A,B, 3 and 4), deposited in the Museum of Amber Inclusions at University of Gda´nsk, Poland. <i>Paratypes</i>. 12 males (m). Synincluded with holotype in amber piece MAIG 6016 (Figures 1A,C,D, 2C,D and 5). <i>Type locality</i>. Exact locality unknown in the Bashilo river gorge near Weldiya, Semien Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. <i>Type horizon</i>. A fine siltstone/mudstone of Early Miocene age (16–23 Ma). <i>Material</i>. Holotype and paratypes 1–4 are nearly complete, preserved without apparent distortion but with integument entirely covered by a white, opaque (bacterial?) coat for paratypes 1, 2, 4 (Figures 1A,C and 2A). Paratypes 5–12 mostly complete but variously preserved, more or less distorted by apparent dehydration (e.g., Figure 1D). <i>Diagnosis</i>. † <i>Desyopone hereon</i> is uniquely identifiable among all Ponerinae by the distinctly elongate petiolar peduncle and the enlarged, lobate mandibles. <i>Description</i>. <i>Measurements</i>: Holotype (paratypes) (taken from paratypes 1,2,4)—BL 3.11 (3.00–3.50), HW 0.57 (0.50–0.60), HWE 0.70 (0.66–0.70), SL 0.12 (0.10–0.12), EL 0.23, OLL 0.08 (0.08), OIL 0.16 (0.16), WL 1.25 (1.25), ML 0.52 (0.50–0.56), MW 0.49, FWL (2.75), PH 0.26 (0.30), PL ~0.40 (0.40), GL 1.20 (1.00–1.50), GW 0.62 (0.65–0.80), HWI 81 (76–86), SI 21 (20), OCI 50 (50), PI 154 (133). <i>Head</i> (Figures 2–4): Head capsule ovoid-elliptical in lateral view; in full-face view, posterior head margin broadly and evenly convex to compound eyes; oral region of head, i.e., the malar areas, clypeus, and mouthparts, narrower than distance between compound eyes; postgenal bridge short, about 2/5 the length of the head in full-face view as measured from the postocciput to the hypostoma; malar areas distinctly developed; clypeus medially bulging, laterally depressed. Compound eyes situated almost entirely in anterior half of head; eyes subspherical and relatively small, with their length being about 1/3 head length. Ocelli distant from compound eyes, with the lateral ocelli separated from the compound eyes by slightly more than one compound eye length. Antennal toruli located at about head midlength in full-face view, distinctly posterad the posterior clypeal margin. Antennal scapes short, just barely longer than wide, with their length distinctly &lt;2 lateral ocellus diameters; scape length slightly more than one pedicel length, but not more than two. Pedicel about 1/3 the length of the first flagellomere. Flagellum narrow and long, with their length greatly exceeding mesosoma length. Mandibles flat and lobate in appearance, without distinct masticatory and basal margins; medial mandibular margin convex, curving more-or-less evenly around apex, which does not have incurvature; mandible length slightly greater than compound eye length. Labrum and paraglossae dangling at rest, both distinctly narrower than the distance between the mandibular bases. Maxillary stipes without transverse ridging. <i>Mesosoma</i> (Figures 2 and 3): Pronotum short and simple but with distinct muscular convexity as seen in lateral and dorsal views; posterad the anteromedian pronotal lobe (“nuchal lobe”), pronotum in the form of a simple arch, without distinct dorsal and ventral surfaces. Propleurae widely emarginate posteromedially, together forming a broad arch for the prosternum. Prosternum with basisternum apparently arcuate anteriorly; prosternal process developed. Mesoscutum somewhat narrow, with the anteroposterior length slightly greater than the lateromedial width. Notauli developed, and Y-shaped; meeting in the posterior half of the mesoscutum. Parapsides developed, although indistinct. Scutoscutellar sulcus broad, with at least five cross-costae. Mesoscutellum simple, convex, longer than broad in full-face view. Oblique mesopleural sulcus developed. Spiracular lobe (ventrad wing insertions) absent. Mesopleural area divided into dorsal and ventral regions; both regions dorsoventrally taller than anteroposteriorly long. Mesosternal and metasternal regions without processes. Propodeum convex, without armature or distinct sculpturation. Propodeal lobes developed, weak. <i>Legs</i>: Mesotibiae with no spur, metatibiae with a single, pectinate spur. Pretarsal claws narrow and simple, without additional teeth. Arolia well-developed but not very large. <i>Fore wings</i> (Figures 2C,D and 5): Costal vein (C) present, complete. Rsf1 diverging from Sc+ R +Rs well proximad pterostigma, with Sc+ R abscissa about 1/3 pterostigma length. Pterostigma well-developed, long, and narrow, with its length&gt; 5 × its width. Rf distad pterostigma tubular. M+Cu tubular. Mf1 diverging from M+Cu at or slightly distad crossvein cu-a; this abscissa very weakly curved and meeting Rf1 at a distinct oblique angle. Rs+M tubular. Rsf2–3 diverging from Rs+M proximad 1m-cu. Crossvein 1r-rs absent. Crossvein 2r-rs anterior juncture at 2/3 length of pterostigma; this crossvein meeting Rsf proximad crossvein 2rs-m, which is tubular (paratype 4 has 2rs-m duplicated on the right wing, see Figure 2D). Rsf4+ tubular, meeting Rf distally). Mf2 (=abscissa between Rs+M and 1m-cu) short, shorter than 2r-rs and 2rs-m. Mf3 similar in length to but distinctly shorter than Rsf2–3. Mf4+ tubular proximally, becoming nebulous distally, with this occurring at a distance that is about 3 × the length of 2rs-m. Cuf3 (=abscissa of Cu after 1m-cu) joined to 1A posteriorly; 1A is tubular for its entire length. Submarginal cells 1 and 2 similar in size and shape, but with 2 distinctly smaller than 1. Marginal cell 1 long and narrow, with a length that is about 1.5 × pterostigma length. Discal cell 1 subrhomboidal, its length slightly less than 2 × its anteroposterior width. Subdiscal cell closed. <i>Hind wings</i> (Figures 2C and 5): Wing with eight distal hamuli. Jugal lobe absent. C not distinctly developed. R splitting from Sc+ R +Rs distad crossvein 1rs-m; Rf incomplete, not reaching anterior wing margin. Rsf tubular for a distance that is about 2 × the length of Sc+ R +Rs distad 1rs-m. M+Cu splitting well distad crossvein cu-a. Mf1 meeting rs-m at a broad, oblique angle; Mf developed as a stud distad this juncture. Cuf developed distad the split of M+Cu, but exact condition uncertain. Crossvein cu-a long, slightly longer than the length of Mf1; this crossvein situated proximad split of M+Cu by about twice its length. Anal vein (A) tubular past its juncture with cu-a. Anal cell relatively long; M+Cu proximad cu-a distinctly longer than M+Cu distad cu-a. <i>Metasoma</i> (Figures 2B and 3A,D,E): Petiole nodiform and distinctly pedunculate, albeit without a marked inflection between its anterior portion and the anterior surface of the petiolar node; peduncle about 2/5 petiole length; petiolar node height about 3/5 entire petiole length; node broad and convex; posterior collar well-developed; tergosternal fusion absent, laterotergites present; sternum low and very weakly sinuate in lateral view, without an anteroventral (=subpetiolar) process, nor with a posterior process; posterior sternal margin distinctly notched. Helcium infraaxial (=below abdominal segment III midheight); helcial tergite broad and overlapping sternite laterally. Prora not distinctly developed. Gastral segments homonomous in appearance and gradually decreasing in length from abdominal segment III to VIII. Abdominal segment IV without cinctus (=constriction). Abdominal spiracles IV–VIII obscured by preceding tergites. Abdominal tergum VIII apparently simple. Abdominal sternum IX lobate and somewhat narrow, with a length that is about twice its width. Cerci (=pygostyles) developed. <i>Genitalia</i> (Figures 2B and 3A): Cupula present (only visible in µ- CT cross-sections). Gonopods longer than tall. Gonostyli broad proximally, indistinctly set off from gonocoxa, and lobate in appearance, being narrowly rounded apically. Lateropenites (=digiti) thickened apically, downcurved. Penites (=penisvalvae) apparently longer than tall, curving strongly to their narrowly lobate apices. <i>Setation</i>: Body with two primary hair classes: (1) short pubescence, which covers the head and all segments of the antennae, mesosoma, legs, and metasoma; (2) long hairs, which are sparse on all body regions, but are denser on the metasoma.
description: Published as part of <i>Boudinot, Brendon E., Richter, Adrian K., Hammel, Jörg U., Szwedo, Jacek, Bojarski, Błażej &amp; Perrichot, Vincent, 2022, Genomic-Phenomic Reciprocal Illumination: Desyopone hereon gen. et sp. nov., an Exceptional Aneuretine-like Fossil Ant from Ethiopian Amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae), pp. 1-19 in Insects 73 (796)</i> on pages 9-13, DOI: 10.3390/insects13090796, http://zenodo.org/record/7046409