cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Psychological resilience of entrepreneurs: A review and agenda for future research
Creators: name: Hartmann, Silja
name: Backmann, Julia
name: Newman, Alexander
name: Brykman, Kyle M.
name: Pidduck, Robert J.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Resilience
subject: adversity
subject: new venture development
subject: nascent venturing
subject: entrepreneurial capabilities
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft

description: Given that entrepreneurs face substantial adversity in initiating and developing new ventures, a burgeoning stream of research has sought to understand the concept of entrepreneurs’ psychological resilience. To structure and synthesize what we know about entrepreneurs’ psychological resilience, we systematically review the empirical literature to provide insights on how it has been conceptualized and operationalized, along with its key antecedents and outcomes. Based on our review, we advance a promising agenda for future research, grounded in connecting the psychological resilience of entrepreneurs to other research areas connected to the new venture development process. Overall, we point to the urgent need for theoretical precision to enhance the utility of empirical contributions, suggest promising research designs, expand on the important role of adversity, discuss potential boundary conditions, elaborate on the link between entrepreneurs’ psychological resilience and organizational resilience, and address the potential dark side of resilience.
Formation of globular clusters in atomic-cooling halos via rapid gas condensation and fragmentation during the epoch of reionization
Creators: name: Kimm, Taysun
name: Cen, Renyue
name: Rosdahl, Joakim
name: Yi, Sukyoung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the formation of metal-poor globular clusters (GCs) at the center of two dark matter halos with $M_{\rm halo} \sim4\times10^7 M_\odot$ at $z>10$ using cosmological radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. We find that very compact ($\lesssim$ 1 pc) and massive ($\sim6\times10^5 M_\odot$) clusters form rapidly when pristine gas collapses isothermally with the aid of efficient Ly$α$ emission during the transition from molecular-cooling halos to atomic-cooling halos. Because the local free-fall time of dense star-forming gas is very short ($\ll 1\,{\rm Myr}$), a large fraction of the collapsed gas is turned into stars before stellar feedback processes blow out the gas and shut down star formation. Although the early stage of star formation is limited to a small region of the central star-forming disk, we find that the disk quickly fragments due to metal enrichment from supernovae. Sub-clusters formed in the fragmented clouds eventually merge with the main cluster at the center. The simulated clusters closely resemble the local GCs in mass and size but show a metallicity spread that is much wider than found in the local GCs. We discuss a role of pre-enrichment by Pop III and II stars as a potential solution to the latter issue. Although not without shortcomings, it is encouraging that a naive blind (not tuned) cosmological simulation presents a possible channel for the formation of at least some massive GCs.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Non-minimal scalar multiplets, supersymmetry breaking and dualities
Creators: name: Farakos, Fotis
name: Hulík, Ondřej
name: Kočí, Pavel
name: von Unge, Rikard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study supersymmetry breaking in theories with non-minimal multiplets (such as the complex linear or CNM multiplets), by using superspace higher derivative terms which give rise to new supersymmetry breaking vacuum solutions on top of the standard supersymmetric vacuum. We illustrate the decoupling of the additional massive sectors inside the complex linear and the CNM multiplets and show that only the Goldstino sector is left in the low energy limit. We also discuss the duality between non-minimal scalar multiplets and chiral multiplets in the presence of superspace higher derivatives. From the superspace Noether procedure we calculate the supercurrents, and we show that in the supersymmetry breaking vacuum the chiral superfield X which enters the Ferrara-Zumino supercurrent conservation equation does indeed flow in the IR to the chiral constrained Goldstino superfield. We also provide a description of the Goldstino sector in terms of the Samuel-Wess superfield for the supersymmetry breaking mechanism at hand.
description: 31 pages. v4: discussion and references added
Symmetrical twins: On the relationship between Actor-Network theory and the sociology of critical capacities
Creators: name: Guggenheim, Michael
name: Potthast, Jörg
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften
subject: actor-network theory
subject: Boltanski
subject: Latour
subject: new pragmatic sociology
subject: sociology of critical capacities

description: Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: This article explores the elective affinities between Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and the sociology of critical capacities. It argues that these two research programmes can be understood as symmetrical twins. We show the extent to which the exchange between Bruno Latour and Luc Boltanski has influenced their respective theoretical developments. Three strong encounters between the twin research programmes may be distinguished. The first encounter concerns explanations for social change. The second encounter focuses on the status of objects and their relationship to places. The third encounter is about the concept of critique. Drawing on their long-term mutual readings, we gain insight into how pleas for symmetrical analysis raised in response to Bourdieu’s theory of fields have evolved within both ANT and the sociology of critical capacity. We conclude by relating the development of the respective research programmes to the issue of disciplinary boundaries.
Understanding the influences and impact of patient-clinician communication in cancer care
Creators: name: Winship, Jodi M.
name: Shay, Laura A.
name: Lafata, Jennifer Elston
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: BACKGROUND: Patient-clinician communication is thought to be central to care outcomes, but when and how communication affects patient outcomes is not well understood.

OBJECTIVE: We propose a conceptual model and classification framework upon which the empirical evidence base for the impact of patient-clinician communication can be summarized and further built.

DESIGN: We use the proposed model and framework to summarize findings from two recent systematic reviews, one evaluating the use of shared decision making (SDM) on cancer care outcomes and the other evaluating the role of physician recommendation in cancer screening use.

KEY RESULTS: Using this approach, we identified clusters of studies with positive findings, including those relying on the measurement of SDM from the patients' perspective and affective-cognitive outcomes, particularly in the context of surgical treatment decision making. We also identify important gaps in the literature, including the role of SDM in post-surgical treatment and end-of-life care decisions, and those specifying particular physician communication strategies when recommending cancer screening.

CONCLUSIONS: Transparent linkages between key conceptual domains and the influence of methodological approaches on observed patient outcomes are needed to advance our understanding of how and when patient-clinician communication influences patient outcomes. The proposed conceptual model and classification framework can be used to facilitate the translation of empirical evidence into practice and to identify critical gaps in knowledge regarding how and when patient-clinician communication impacts care outcomes in the context of cancer and health care more broadly.
Atomically thin binary V-V compound semiconductor: a first-principles study
Creators: name: Yu, Weiyang
name: Zhu, Zhili
name: Niu, Chun-Yao
name: Cai, Xiaolin
name: Zhang, Wei-Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searching the novel 2D semiconductor is crucial to develop the next-generation low-dimensional electronic device. Using first-principles calculations, we propose a class of unexplored binary V-V compound semiconductor (PN, AsN, SbN, AsP, SbP and SbAs) with monolayer black phosphorene ($α$) and blue phosphorene ($β$) structure. Our phonon spectra and room-temperature molecular dynamics (MD) calculations indicate that all compounds are very stable. Moreover, most of compounds are found to present a moderate energy gap in the visible frequency range, which can be tuned gradually by in-plane strain. Especially, $α$-phase V-V compounds have a direct gap while $β$-SbN, AsN, SbP, and SbAs may be promising candidates of 2D solar cell materials due to a wide gap separating acoustic and optical phonon modes. Furthermore, vertical heterostructures can be also built using lattice matched $α$($β$)-SbN and phosphorene, and both vdW heterostructures are found to have intriguing direct band gap. The present investigation not only broads the scope of layered group V semiconductors but also provides an unprecedented route for the potential applications of 2D V-V families in optoelectronic and nanoelectronic semiconductor devices.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
ModelingToolkit and JuliaSim Workshop
Creators: name: Rackauckas, Christopher
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 10302 Numerical Solution of Differential and Integral Equations
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 80205 Numerical Computation
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: ModelingToolkit.jl is a modeling framework for high-performance symbolic-numeric computation in scientific computing and scientific machine learning. It allows for users to give a high-level description of a model for symbolic preprocessing to analyze and enhance the model. ModelingToolkit can automatically generate fast functions for model components like Jacobians and Hessians, along with automatically sparsifying and parallelizing the computations. Automatic transformations, such as index reduction, can be applied to the model to make it easier for numerical solvers to handle.
Does addressing gender inequalities and empowering women and girls improve health and development programme outcomes?
Creators: name: Henry, Sarah K.
name: Darmstadt, Gary L.
name: Taukobong, Hannah F.G.
name: Bloom, Shelah S.
name: Platt, Jennifer L.
name: Kincaid, Mary M.
name: Levy, Jessica K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: This article presents evidence supporting the hypothesis that promoting gender equality and women's and girls' empowerment (GEWE) leads to better health and development outcomes. We reviewed the literature across six sectors-family planning (FP); maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH); nutrition; agriculture; water, sanitation and hygiene; and financial services for the poor-and found 76 studies from low and middle-income countries that met our inclusion criteria. Across these studies, we identified common GEWE variables that emerged repeatedly as significant predictors of sector outcomes. We grouped these variables into 10 thematic categories, which we termed 'gender-related levers'. These levers were then classified by the strength of evidence into Wedges, Foundations and Facilitators. Wedges are gender-related levers that had strong associations with improved outcomes across multiple sectors. They include: 'control over income/assets/resources', 'decision-making power' and 'education'. Elements of these levers overlap, but combined, they encapsulate agency. Increasing female agency promotes equality and broadly improves health and development for women, their families and their communities. The second classification, Foundations, displayed strong, positive associations across FP, MNCH and nutrition. Foundations have a more proximal relationship with sector outcomes and include: 'equitable interpersonal relationships', 'mobility' and 'personal safety'. Finally, the third group of levers, Facilitators, was associated with improved outcomes in two to three sectors and include: 'access to information', 'community groups', 'paid labour' and 'rights'. These levers make it easier for women and girls to achieve their goals and are more traditional elements of development programmes. Overall, gender-related levers were associated with improvements in a variety of health and development outcomes. Furthermore, these associations were cross-sectoral, suggesting that to fully realize the benefits of promoting GEWE, the development community must collaborate in co-ordinated and integrated ways across multiple sectors. More research is needed to identify the mechanisms by which gendered interventions work and under what circumstances.
On Some Problems in Nonparametric and Location-Scale Estimation
Creators: name: Shrotriya, Shamindra
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study three generalizations of classical nonparametric, and locationscale estimation problems. First, we study the classical problem of deriving minimax rates for density estimation over convex density classes. Our work extends known results by demonstrating that the local metric entropy of the density class always captures the exact (up to constants) minimax optimal rates under such settings. Our bounds provide a unifying perspective across both parametric and nonparametric convex density classes, under weaker assumptions on the richness of the density class than previously considered. Second, we consider a variation of classical isotonic regression, which we term adversarial sign-corrupted isotonic (ASCI) regression. Here, the adversary can corrupt the sign of the responses having full access to the true response terms. We formalize ASCIFIT, a three-step estimation procedure under this regime, and demonstrate its theoretical guarantees in the form of sharp high probability upper bounds and minimax lower bounds. Finally, we extend classical univariate uniform location-scale estimation over an interval, to multivariate uniform location-scale estimation over general convex bodies. Unlike the univariate setting, the observations are no longer totally ordered, and previous estimation techniques prove insufficient to account for the more refined geometry of the generating process. Under fixed dimension, our proposed location estimators converge at an n-1 rate. Our minimax lower bounds justify the optimality of our estimators in terms of the sample complexity. We also provide practical algorithms with provable convergence rates for our estimators, over a wide class of convex bodies.
[Book Review:] M. Held and K. Geissler (Eds.): Ökologie der Zeit – Vom Finden der rechten Zeitmasse, Stuttgart, 1993
Creators: name: Hofmeister, Sabine
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften
subject: review
subject: ecology
subject: ecological crisis
subject: Germany

description: Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
[Book Review:] Fritz Reiheis, Die Kreativität der Langsamkeit. Neuer Wohlstand durch Entschleunigung, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1996
Creators: name: Hofmeister, Sabine
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften
subject: review
subject: creativity
subject: slowness
subject: deceleration

description: Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
Hot multiboundary wormholes from bipartite entanglement
Creators: name: Marolf, Donald
name: Maxfield, Henry
name: Peach, Alex
name: Ross, Simon F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the 1+1 CFT states dual to hot (time-symmetric) 2+1 multiboundary AdS wormholes. These are black hole geometries with high local temperature, $n \ge 1$ asymptotically-AdS$_3$ regions, and arbitrary internal topology. The dual state at $t=0$ is defined on $n$ circles. We show these to be well-described by sewing together tensor networks corresponding to thermofield double states. As a result, the entanglement is spatially localized and bipartite: away from particular boundary points ("vertices") any small connected region $A$ of the boundary CFT is entangled only with another small connected region $B$, where $B$ may lie on a different circle or may be a different part of the same circle. We focus on the pair-of-pants case, from which more general cases may be constructed. We also discuss finite-temperature corrections, where we note that the states involve a code subspace in each circle.
description: 32 pages, 17 figures
Development of a High-Throughput Screening Assay Based on the 3-Dimensional Pannus Model for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Creators: name: Ibold, Yvonne
name: Frauenschuh, Simone
name: Kaps, Christian
name: Sittinger, Michael
name: Ringe, Jochen
name: Goetz, Peter M.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
subject: 3-D culture
subject: interactive co-culture
subject: HTS assay
subject: automation
subject: pannus model

description: Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: The 3-dimensional (3-D) pannus model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is based on the interactive co-culture of cartilage and synovial fibroblasts (SFs). Besides the investigation of the pathogenesis of RA, it can be used to analyze the active profiles of antirheumatic pharmaceuticals and other bioactive substances under in vitro conditions. For a potential application in the industrial drug-screening process as a transitional step between 2-dimensional (2-D) cell-based assays and in vivo animal studies, the pannus model was developed into an in vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) assay. Using the CyBi™-Disk workstation for parallel liquid handling, the main cell culture steps of cell seeding and cultivation were automated. Chondrocytes were isolated from articular cartilage and seeded directly into 96-well microplates in high-density pellets to ensure formation of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix (ECM). Cell seeding was performed automatically and manually to compare both processes regarding accuracy, reproducibility, consistency, and handling time. For automated cultivation of the chondrocyte pellet cultures, a sequential program was developed using the CyBio Control software to minimize shear forces and handling time. After 14 days of cultivation, the pannus model was completed by coating the cartilage pellets with a layer of human SFs. The effects due to automation in comparison to manual handling were analyzed by optical analysis of the pellets, histological and immunohistochemical staining, and real-time PCR. Automation of this in vitro model was successfully achieved and resulted in an improved quality of the generated pannus cultures by enhancing the formation of cartilage-specific ECM. In addition, automated cell seeding and media exchange increased the efficiency due to a reduction of labor intensity and handling time. (Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2007:956-965)
Experienced Well-Being and Labor Market Status: The Role of Pleasure and Meaning
Creators: name: Wolf, Tobias
name: Metzing, Maria
name: Lucas, Richard E.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Experienced well-being
subject: Time use
subject: Unemployment
subject: Day reconstruction method
subject: DRM
subject: SOEP-IS
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft

description: This paper examines the experienced well-being of employed and unemployed workers. We use the survey-adapted Day Reconstruction Method of the Innovation Sample of the German Socio-Economic Panel Study to analyze the role of the employment status for well-being, incorporating time use. We use the novel P-index to summarize the average share of pleasurable minutes on a day and show that in contrast to evaluative life satisfaction the unemployed experiences more pleasurable minutes due to the absence of working episodes. Hence, we examine working episodes in depth. While working is among the activities with the highest propensities for an unpleasant experience, it is also among the most meaningful activities. We show that meaning is a central non-monetary determinant for pleasure at work and find that pleasure during work and job satisfaction have a comparable association with meaning.
Expertise Lost: An Early Case of Technology Assessment
Creators: name: Joerges, Bernward
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik
subject: 600 Technik, Technologie
subject: technology assessment

description: Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: This Note traces the curious history of an early technological risk assessment from three vantage points: that of historians of technology, of technology assessment (TA) experts, and of those knowledgeable in SSK. The principle of `double coincidence' is introduced, and the uncertain status of expertise in TA is discussed.
Managing biological invasions: the cost of inaction
Creators: name: Ahmed, Danish A.
name: Hudgins, Emma J.
name: Cuthbert, Ross N.
name: Kourantidou, Melina
name: Diagne, Christophe
name: Haubrock, Phillip J.
name: Leung, Brian
name: Liu, Chunlong
name: Leroy, Boris
name: Petrovskii, Sergei
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: InvaCost
subject: Invasive alien species
subject: Logistic growth
subject: Socioeconomic impacts
subject: Prevention and biosecurity
subject: Long-term management
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Ecological and socioeconomic impacts from biological invasions are rapidly escalating worldwide. While effective management underpins impact mitigation, such actions are often delayed, insufficient or entirely absent. Presently, management delays emanate from a lack of monetary rationale to invest at early invasion stages, which precludes effective prevention and eradication. Here, we provide such rationale by developing a conceptual model to quantify the cost of inaction, i.e., the additional expenditure due to delayed management, under varying time delays and management efficiencies. Further, we apply the model to management and damage cost data from a relatively data-rich genus (Aedes mosquitoes). Our model demonstrates that rapid management interventions following invasion drastically minimise costs. We also identify key points in time that differentiate among scenarios of timely, delayed and severely delayed management intervention. Any management action during the severely delayed phase results in substantial losses (>50% of the potential maximum loss). For Aedes spp., we estimate that the existing management delay of 55 years led to an additional total cost of approximately $ 4.57 billion (14% of the maximum cost), compared to a scenario with management action only seven years prior (< 1% of the maximum cost). Moreover, we estimate that in the absence of management action, long-term losses would have accumulated to US$ 32.31 billion, or more than seven times the observed inaction cost. These results highlight the need for more timely management of invasive alien species—either pre-invasion, or as soon as possible after detection—by demonstrating how early investments rapidly reduce long-term economic impacts.
THE IMPOSTER PHENOMENON IN WOMEN IN COLOR IN STEM
Creators: name: Yoo, Tiffany Y.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Impostor Phenomenon
Imposter Syndrome
STEM women

description: Impostor Phenomenon (IP) -- the internal fear of being a fraud or an “impostor” plagues 18-24 year olds the most frequently at a rate of 46%, with 1 in 3 Americans suffering in general, according to a new survey by Moneypenny. Although students may be successful in their studies, they have a hard time believing that their results were rightfully earned and attribute it to luck or oversight instead. There are minority groups of people within the science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) field that may suffer from an imbalance of representation and support, starting from a young age. Based on the lack of ethnic and female representation in history and textbooks, I hypothesize that an increase in minority representation will decrease IP. The aim of this study is to examine the contextual factors of IP, such as barriers that heighten Impostor Phenomenon, and explore ways to mitigate them. To aid in this exploration, we asked undergraduate STEM majors to participate in an online survey through Google Form, which includes the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) to determine whether students indicated few, moderate, frequent, or intense Impostor Phenomenon. The survey records gender and ethnicity, which reveals the connection to the CIPS that women of color showed higher levels of Impostor Phenomenon. The statistical software, SPSS, analyzes the data collected through frequency distributions and t-tests. Overall, we report statistically significant differences between female and male student populations. Approximately 15% more female students reported higher scores of IP compared to males. Within underrepresented minority (URM) groups, females also show higher levels of Impostor Phenomenon, confirming that women in STEM most commonly suffer from the Impostor Phenomenon.
The growth of planets by pebble accretion in evolving protoplanetary discs
Creators: name: Bitsch, Bertram
name: Lambrechts, Michiel
name: Johansen, Anders
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of planets depends on the underlying protoplanetary disc structure, which influences both the accretion and migration rates of embedded planets. The disc itself evolves on time-scales of several Myr during which both temperature and density profiles change as matter accretes onto the central star. Here we use a detailed model of an evolving disc to determine the growth of planets by pebble accretion and their migration through the disc. Cores that reach their pebble isolation mass accrete gas to finally form giant planets with extensive gas envelopes, while planets that do not reach pebble isolation mass are stranded as ice giants and ice planets containing only minor amounts of gas in their envelopes. Unlike earlier population synthesis models, our model works without any artificial reductions in migration speed and for protoplanetary discs with gas and dust column densities similar to those inferred from observations. We find that in our nominal disc model the emergence of planetary embryos preferably occurs after approximately 2 Myr in order to not exclusively form gas giants, but also ice giants and smaller planets. The high pebble accretion rates ensure that critical core masses for gas accretion can be reached at all orbital distances. Gas giant planets nevertheless experience significant reduction in semi-major axes by migration. Considering instead planetesimal accretion for planetary growth, we show that formation time-scales are too long to compete with the migration time-scales and the dissipation time of the protoplanetary disc. Altogether, we find that pebble accretion overcomes many of the challenges in the formation of ice and gas giants in evolving protoplanetary discs.
description: Accepted by A&A, now with language editing
A Late Antique Rabbinic Discourse on the Linguistic (In-)determinacy of the Law
Creators: name: Kiesele, Eva
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Indeterminacy
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Rabbinic
subject: Midrash
subject: Language
subject: Late antiquity
subject: 400 Sprache::490 Andere Sprachen::492 Afroasiatische Sprachen; semitische Sprachen

description: The late antique rabbis of Roman Palestine were seasoned jurists, experts on exegesis and legal interpretation. Yet rabbinic literature does not theorize. A positive account of rabbinic conceptions of language therefore remains a desideratum. I choose an alternative approach. Legal reasoning relies on language to ground the determinacy of the law. Jurists must thus confront language when it threatens to undermine the latter. Conversely, they may hold language to safeguard legal determinacy. Drawing on insights from legal theory, I turn to an unusual rabbinic rule of inference. Its earliest attested version suggests a universal possibility of inference “from the category of yes that of no, from the category of no that of yes.” I show that the ever-evolving uses of this rule allow us to observe a shift in linguistic attitude, increasingly acknowledging linguistic uncertainty. My findings tie in with recent advances in the study of rabbinic exegesis.
Getting to Know Knowing-as as Knowing
Creators: name: Beaney, Michael
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 100 Philosophie, Parapsychologie und Okkultismus, Psychologie

description: In ‘Swimming Happily in Chinese Logic’ (2021) I suggested that the root conception of knowing for the ancient Chinese Mohists was knowing-as, a conception that fits well with perspectivism in the Zhuangzi, a key Daoist text. Drawing on Wittgenstein’s discussion of both seeing-as and samples, and developing the analogy between seeing-as and knowing-as, I explore various forms of knowing with particular reference to the Mozi, in attempting to make sense of ancient Chinese epistemology and thereby shed light on the whole phenomenon of knowing.
Differences in working memory coding of biological motion attributed to oneself and others
Creators: name: Woźniak, Mateusz
name: Schmidt, Timo Torsten
name: Wu, Yuan-Hao
name: Blankenburg, Felix
name: Hohwy, Jakob
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: biological motion
subject: body representation
subject: mirror neurons
subject: MVPA
subject: self-representation
subject: self-other
subject: working memory
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: The question how the brain distinguishes between information about self and others is of fundamental interest to both philosophy and neuroscience. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we sought to distinguish the neural substrates of representing a full-body movement as one's movement and as someone else's movement. Participants performed a delayed match-to-sample working memory task where a retained full-body movement (displayed using point-light walkers) was arbitrarily labeled as one's own movement or as performed by someone else. By using arbitrary associations we aimed to address a limitation of previous studies, namely that our own movements are more familiar to us than movements of other people. A searchlight multivariate decoding analysis was used to test where information about types of movement and about self-association was coded. Movement specific activation patterns were found in a network of regions also involved in perceptual processing of movement stimuli, however not in early sensory regions. Information about whether a memorized movement was associated with the self or with another person was found to be coded by activity in the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG), left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), bilateral supplementary motor area, and (at reduced threshold) in the left temporoparietal junction (TPJ). These areas are frequently reported as involved in action understanding (IFG, MFG) and domain-general self/other distinction (TPJ). Finally, in univariate analysis we found that selecting a self-associated movement for retention was related to increased activity in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex.
Fifteen years of sector-wide approach (SWAp) in Bangladesh health sector: an assessment of progress
Creators: name: Rashida-E-Ijdi,
name: Streatfield, Peter Kim
name: Escudero, Gabriela Maria
name: Khan, Abdul Waheed
name: Reza,
name: Ahsan, Karar Zunaid
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW) of the Government of Bangladesh embarked on a sector-wide approach (SWAp) modality for the health, nutrition and population (HNP) sector in 1998. This programmatic shift initiated a different set of planning disciplines and practices along with institutional changes in the MOHFW. Over the years, the SWAp modality has evolved in Bangladesh as the MOHFW has learnt from its implementation and refined the program design. This article explores the progress made, both in terms of achievement of health outcomes and systems strengthening results, since the implementation of the SWAp for Bangladesh’s health sector. Secondary analyses of survey data from 1993 to 2011 as well as a literature review of published and grey literature on health SWAp in Bangladesh was conducted for this assessment. Results of the assessment indicate that the MOHFW made substantial progress in health outcomes and health systems strengthening. SWAps facilitated the alignment of funding and technical support around national priorities, and improved the government’s role in program design as well as in implementation and development partner coordination. Notable systemic improvements have taken place in the country systems with regards to monitoring and evaluation, procurement and service provision, which have improved functionality of health facilities to provide essential care. Implementation of the SWAp has, therefore, contributed to an accelerated improvement in key health outcomes in Bangladesh over the last 15 years. The health SWAp in Bangladesh offers an example of a successful adaptation of such an approach in a complex administrative structure. Based on the lessons learned from SWAp implementation in Bangladesh, the MOHFW needs to play a stronger stewardship and regulatory role to reap the full benefits of a SWAp in its subsequent programming.
Armed to the teeth: Supplementary material, R code, Rdata, mesh, landmarks
Creators: name: Segall, Marion
name: Houssin, Céline
name: Delapré, Arnaud
name: Cornette, Raphael
name: Herrel, Anthony
name: Milgram, Joshua
name: Shahar, Ron
name: Dumont, Maitena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Snakes
Teeth
geometric morphometric analysis
phylogenetic comparative methods

description: The structure, composition, and shape of teeth have been related to dietary specialization in many vertebrate species, but comparative studies on snakes' teeth are lacking. Yet, snakes have diverse dietary habits that may impact the shape of their teeth. We hypothesize that prey properties, such as hardness and shape, as well as feeding behavior, such as aquatic or arboreal predation, or holding vigorous prey, impose constraints on the evolution of tooth shape in snakes. We compared the morphology of the dentary teeth of 63 species that cover the phylogenetic and dietary diversity of snakes, using 3D geometric morphometrics and linear measurements. Our results show that prey hardness, foraging substrate, and the main foraging mechanical challenge are important drivers of tooth shape, size, and curvature. Overall, long, slender, curved teeth with a thin layer of hard tissue are observed in species that need to maintain a grip on their prey. Short, stout, less curved teeth are associated with species that undergo high or repeated loads. Our study demonstrates the diversity of tooth morphology in snakes and the need to investigate its underlying functional implications to better understand the evolution of teeth in vertebrates.
description: R, Meshlab, MorphoDigFunding provided by: Gans Collections and Charitable Fund
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100012509
Award Number: Funding provided by: H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010665
Award Number: GA101024700
description: We microCT scanned the dentary teeth of 63 species of snakes using a Phoenix Nanotom S μCT‐scanner (General Electric, Fairfield, CT, USA). The 3D reconstruction was done using Phoenix datos|x2 (v2.3.0, General Electric, Fairfield, CT, USA) and the subsequent segmentation was performed using VGStudioMax (v1.0, Volume Graphics GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany). We then compare the shape of these teeth using 3D geometric morphometrics. We used phylogenetic comparative analysis to investigate the relationship between shape and diet. We provide the R code, Rdata, and all necessary files to reproduce our results. We also added the supplementary material related to our publication.
Video of How to Use the CRISPR-Cas9 Paper Model with sample narration
Creators: Mary Wuerth
Pam Close
Publisher: name: HHMI BioInteractive Educator Resource Library
Year: 2023

This document has a link to a 6 minute video on how to use the Biointeractive CRISPR-Cas9 paper model, video is silent so teachers may narrate in their own voice, document has suggested narration you may choose to use.
Effect of Vinyl and Silicon Monomers on Mechanical and Degradation Properties of Bio-Degradable Jute-Biopol® Composite
Creators: name: Khan, M. A.
name: Kopp, C.
name: Hinrichsen, G.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: 660 Chemische Verfahrenstechnik
subject: composite
subject: biodegradable
subject: jute
subject: silane
subject: Biopol®

description: Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: Composites of jute fabrics (Hessian cloth) and Biopol® were prepared by compression molding process. Three types of Biopol® (3-hydroxbutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalarate) such as D300G, D400G and D600G, depending on the concentration of 3-hydroxyvalarate (3HV) in 3-hydroxbutyrate (3HB) were taken for this purpose. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength (TS), bending strength (BS), elongation at break (Eb) and impact strength (IS) of the jute-Biopol® composites were studied. It was found that the composite with D400G produced higher mechanical properties in comparison to the other two types of Biopol®. To increase mechanical properties as well as interfacial adhesion between fiber and matrix, 2-ethyl hydroxy acrylate (EHA), vinyl tri-methoxy silane (VMS) and 3-methacryloxypropyl tri-methoxy silane (MPS) were taken as coupling agents. Enhanced mechanical properties of the composites were obtained by using these coupling agents. Biopol® D400G composites showed the highest mechanical properties. Among the coupling agents EHA depicts the highest increase of mechanical properties such as tensile strength (80%), bending strength (81%), elongation at break (33%) and impact strength (130%) compared pure Biopol. SEM investigations demonstrate that the coupling agents improve the interfacial adhesion between fiber and matrix. The surface of the silanized jute was characterized by FTIR and found the deposition of silane on jute fiber was observed. Soil degradation test proved that the composite prepared with EHA treated jute exhibits better degradation properties in comparison to pure Biopol®.
How News Websites Refer to Twitter: A Content Analysis of Twitter Sources in Journalism
Creators: name: Kapidzic, Sanja
name: Neuberger, Christoph
name: Frey, Felix
name: Stieglitz, Stefan
name: Mirbabaie, Milad
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Journalism
subject: Twitter
subject: sources
subject: media types
subject: topics
subject: normalization
subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::070 Publizistische Medien, Journalismus, Verlagswesen::070 Publizistische Medien, Journalismus, Verlagswesen

description: The study presents the results of a standardized content analysis comparing the use of Twitter as an information source on the websites of five news media types (quality newspapers, a tabloid newspaper, weekly magazines, broadcasters, and internet only). The theoretical assumption behind the study is that the adoption of Twitter as a source follows the established practices of a particular media type. All articles published online by ten German news media in a period of one month were collected (n = 21,823). A subset of articles containing Twitter-related keywords (n = 496) and 375 tweets cited in these articles was explored in detail. Our focal analysis of n = 287 articles using Twitter as an information source revealed systematic differences between both media types and article topics regarding the number and style of Twitter references as well as the types of accounts cited. We found that the tabloid paper incorporated the highest number of tweets per article, incorporated tweets primarily in articles on human interest and gossip and cited non-elite sources more often than other media types. Quality papers, weekly magazines, and broadcasters used tweets as sources primarily in articles on politics and economy and cited public actors, such as politicians or officials, more frequently.
Improving referrals and integrating family planning and HIV services through organizational network strengthening
Creators: name: Alterescu, Xavier
name: Tsegaye, Ademe
name: Thomas, James C.
name: Bevc, Christine
name: Reynolds, Heidi W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: BACKGROUND: The service needs of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in low-income settings are wide-ranging. Service provision in a community is often disjointed among a variety of providers. We sought to reduce unmet patient needs by increasing referral coordination for HIV and family planning, measured as network density, with an organizational network approach.

METHODS: We conducted organizational network analysis on two networks in sub-cities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. There were 25 organizations in one sub-city network and 26 in the other. In one of them we sought to increase referrals through three network strengthening meetings. We then conducted the network analysis again in both sub-cities to measure any changes since baseline. We also quantitatively measured reported client service needs in both sub-cities before and after the intervention with two cross-sectional samples of face-to-face interviews with clients (459 at baseline and 587 at follow-up).

RESULTS: In the sub-city with the intervention, the number of referral connections between organizations, measured as network density, increased 55%. In the control community, the density decreased over the same period. Reported unmet client service needs declined more consistently across services in the intervention community.

DISCUSSION: This quasi experiment demonstrated that (1) an organizational network analysis can inform an intervention, (2) a modest network strengthening intervention can enhance client referrals in the network, (3) improvement in client referrals was accompanied by a decrease in atient-reported unmet needs and (4) a series of network analyses can be a useful evaluation tool.
Differences between Galileo and GPS coordinate estimates from separate and combined solutions
Creators: name: Herring, Thomas A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: GNSS

description: Results from the MIT IGS20 trial processing period starting GPS weeks 2222-2230 are analyzed to assess the level of agreement between GPS and Galileo estimates of site coordinated and the phase center locations on the satellite transmission antennas. The types of analyses presented are (1) Separate GPS and Galileo solutions (separate site coordinates) and a combined solution where coordinates match between the two systems; (2) Satellite phase-center-offsets (PCO) values fixed to IGS20 values (fix20) and fully estimated (fre20); (3) Empirical radiation parameters (3 constant, 6 once-per-rev DYB axes, twice-per-rev Direct and four-per-rev Direct) all loosely constrained (daily) and with all but constant, B OPR and D 2PR estimated with process noise between days (set by overlaps and scatter of daily estimates) (backs) and (4) Weekly solutions with radiation parameter process noise and selected terms (week with fixed and free PCO values. We conclude (1) There are systematic differences between Galileo and GPS position estimates which are enhanced when satellite phase center offsets are estimated; (2) Mean difference between GPS and Galileo heights are close to zero when IGS20 PCO values held fixed, but this is expected based on the scaling used to create IGS20 (3)Treatment of radiation parameters has some impact but is probably not the main contributor; (4) Some but not all antenna types with only G01 and G02 calibration have negative bias of Galileo height estimates (5) Fully calibrated antennas also have biases (but not all) and these biases seem to arise from local effects at the antenna installation. This presentation concentrated in this talk on heights, but systematic differences in horizontal components as well. Recommendation: Development of insitu absolute calibration method with repeat surveys to verify environmental change effects.