cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bell inequalities and quantum entanglement in weak gauge bosons production at the LHC and future colliders
Creators: name: Fabbrichesi, M.
name: Floreanini, R.
name: Gabrielli, E.
name: Marzola, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum entanglement of weak interaction gauge bosons produced at colliders can be explored by computing the corresponding polarization density matrix. To this end, we consider the Higgs boson decays $H\to W W^*$ and $H\to Z Z^*$, in which $W^*$ and $Z^*$ are off-shell states, and the $WW$, $WZ$ and $ZZ$ di-boson production in proton collisions. The polarization density matrix of the di-boson state is determined by the amplitude of the production process and can be experimentally reconstructed from the angular distribution of the momenta of the final states into which the gauge bosons decay. We show that a suitable instance of the Bell inequality is violated in $H\to Z Z^*$ to a degree that can be tested at the LHC with future data. The same Bell inequality is violated in the production of $WW$ and $ZZ$ boson pairs for invariant masses above 900 GeV and scattering angles close to $π/2$ in the center of mass frame. LHC data in this case are not sufficient to establish the violation of the Bell inequality. We also analyze the prospects for detecting Bell inequality violations in di-boson final states at future $e^+e^-$ and muon colliders. A further observable that provides a lower bound on the amount of polarization entanglement in the di-boson system is computed for each of the examined processes. The analytic expressions for the polarization density matrices are presented in full in an Appendix. We also provide the unitary matrices required in the optimization procedure necessary in testing the Bell inequalities.
description: 59 pages, 20 figures, same as published version
Perdigão-2017: multi-lidar flow mapping over the complex terrain site
Creators: name: Menke, Robert
name: Mann, Jakob
name: Vasiljevic, Nikola
Publisher: name: Technical University of Denmark
Year: 2018
Subjects: Atmospheric sciences not elsewhere classified
Meteorology
Electrical energy generation (incl. renewables, excl. photovoltaics)

description: This dataset has been recorded by eight long-range WindScanners that were deployed during the Perdigão 2017 campaign. For the campaign which took place in central Portugal near the village of Perdigão eight scanners were located on two mountain ridges that run in parallel for about 2 km. The scanners carried out three synchronized scanning scenarios: transect scans at three positions perpendicular to the ridge with two scanners at two transects and one transect with four scanners; a scan following transects 80m above the ridges; and virtual mast scans at four locations.
This is an original dataset. It represents Level 2.3 data product in the FAIR lidar data schematics, that is geo-located radial velocities stored in NetCDF files with dimensions of time, range and line-of-sight number.
Consult a list of references for more details about :(1) WindScanner (https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8110896)(2) Perdigão site and prequel experiment from 2015 (https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3463-2017)(3) FAIR lidar data standard (http://e-windlidar.windenergy.dtu.dk/documents/report.pdf)
Consult link in Related publications which holds information on the paper that presents a part of the Perdigão-2017 dataset.
Linear Vlasov theory of a magnetised, thermally stratified atmosphere
Creators: name: Xu, Rui
name: Kunz, Matthew W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stability of a collisionless, magnetised plasma to local convective disturbances is examined, with a focus on kinetic and finite-Larmor-radius effects. Specific application is made to the outskirts of galaxy clusters, which contain hot and tenuous plasma whose temperature increases in the direction of gravity. At long wavelengths (the "drift-kinetic" limit), we obtain the kinetic version of the magnetothermal instability (MTI) and its Alfvénic counterpart (Alfvénic MTI), which were previously discovered and analysed using a magnetofluid (i.e. Braginskii) description. At sub-ion-Larmor scales, we discover an overstability driven by the electron temperature gradient of kinetic-Alfvén drift waves -- the electron MTI (eMTI) -- whose growth rate is even larger than the standard MTI. At intermediate scales, we find that ion finite-Larmor-radius effects tend to stabilise the plasma. We discuss the physical interpretation of these instabilities in detail, and compare them both with previous work on magnetised convection in a collisional plasma and with temperature-gradient-driven drift-wave instabilities well-known to the magnetic-confinement-fusion community. The implications of having both fluid and kinetic scales simultaneously driven unstable by the same temperature gradient are briefly discussed.
description: 51 pages, 9 figures; to appear in Journal of Plasma Physics
Dewey in transition : John Dewey's psychological writings, 1882-1898
Creators: name: Buxton, Michael W.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the Reference field.
Minimal models for nonreciprocal amplification using biharmonic drives
Creators: name: Kamal, A.
name: Metelmann, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a generic system of three harmonic modes coupled parametrically with a time-varying coupling modulated by a combination of two pump harmonics, and show how this system provides the minimal platform to realize nonreciprocal couplings that can lead to gainless photon circulation, and phase-preserving or phase-sensitive directional amplification. Explicit frequency-dependent calculations within this minimal paradigm highlight the separation of amplification and directionality bandwidths, universal in such schemes. We also study the influence of counter-rotating interactions that can adversely affect directionality and associated bandwidth; we find that these effects can be mitigated by suitably designing the properties of the auxiliary mode that plays the role of an engineered reservoir to the amplification mode space.
description: 10+ pages, including 6 figures + 2 appendices
Estimating the false discovery risk of (randomized) clinical trials in medical journals based on published p-values
Creators: name: Schimmack, Ulrich
name: Bartoš, František
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The influential claim that most published results are false raised concerns about the trustworthiness and integrity of science. Since then, there have been numerous attempts to examine the rate of false-positive results that have failed to settle this question empirically. Here we propose a new way to estimate the false positive risk and apply the method to the results of (randomized) clinical trials in top medical journals. Contrary to claims that most published results are false, we find that the traditional significance criterion of $α= .05$ produces a false positive risk of 13%. Adjusting $α$ to .01 lowers the false positive risk to less than 5%. However, our method does provide clear evidence of publication bias that leads to inflated effect size estimates. These results provide a solid empirical foundation for evaluations of the trustworthiness of medical research.
Topological properties of a periodically driven Creutz ladder
Creators: name: Roy, Koustav
name: Basu, Saurabh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated a periodically driven Creutz ladder in presence of two different driving protocols, namely, a sinusoidal drive and a $δ$-kick imparted to the ladder at regular intervals of time. Specifically, we have studied the topological properties corresponding to the trivial and the non-trivial limits of the static (undriven) case via computing suitable topological invariants. Corresponding to the case where the chiral symmetry is intact, in addition to the zero energy modes, $π$ energy modes appear in both these cases. Further, two different frequency regimes of the driving protocol emerge, where Floquet-Magnus expansion is particularly employed to study the high frequency regime for the sinusoidal drive. Apart from the physics being identical in the high frequency and the static scenarios, the zero energy modes show distinctive features at low and high frequencies. For the sinusoidal drive, there exists a sharp frequency threshold beyond which the zero energy mode only exists in the topological limit, while in the trivial limit, it exists only upto the threshold frequency. In presence of the $δ$-kick, the Creutz ladder demonstrates higher values of the topological invariant, and as a consequence the system possesses large number of edge modes.
description: 10 pages, 19 figures
A colonial apprenticeship : the career of Hugh Childers with special reference to his sojourn in Melbourne, 1850-1857
Creators: name: Broad, Jeffery Stuart
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the Reference field.
Switch it up: Targeting the Switch Cost
Creators: name: Kurtin, Danielle
name: Hampshire, Adam
name: Skeldon, Anne
name: Violante, Ines
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: brain stimulation
neural networks
computational modelling

description: Multitasking is lauded as an admirable and desirable trait, yet its difficulties are all too familiar. The deficit in performance due to switching between tasks is known as the switch cost, and can be viewed as a result of interference in cognitive restructuring processes. Despite the familiarity of experiencing switch costs, we have a limited understanding of the macro-scale circuits underpinning successful cognitive flexibility. To address this, we have constructed a cued, task-switching paradigm between three psychometrically opposed tasks that forces a large physiological and behavioral switch cost. Using EEG and fMRI data gathered during the switches, and combined with structural scans, we will build a model of the brain during the task switch. A model of the neural dynamics of task switching will provide a comprehensive characterization of the mechanisms underpinning cognitive flexibility. The model will also facilitate computational simulations of noninvasive brain therapies, such as noninvasive brain stimulation. Bayesian optimization of stimulation parameters will provide a set of robust, data-driven stimulation parameters that we will be empirically evaluated. In essence, we hope to model the dynamic systems of cognitive restructuring to better inform efforts to optimize them.
Imaging the elusive H-poor gas in planetary nebulae with large abundance discrepancy factors
Creators: name: García-Rojas, J.
name: Corradi, R. L. M.
name: Boffin, H. M. J.
name: Monteiro, H.
name: Jones, D.
name: Wesson, R.
name: Cabrera-Lavers, A.
name: Rodríguez-Gil, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discrepancy between abundances computed using optical recombination lines (ORLs) and collisionally excited lines (CELs) is a major, unresolved problem with significant implications for the determination of chemical abundances throughout the Universe. In planetary nebulae (PNe), the most common explanation for the discrepancy is that two different gas phases coexist: a hot component with standard metallicity, and a much colder plasma enhanced in heavy elements. This dual nature is not predicted by mass loss theories, and direct observational support for it is still weak. In this work, we present our recent findings that demonstrate that the largest abundance discrepancies are associated with close binary central stars. OSIRIS-GTC tunable filter imaging of the faint O II ORLs and MUSE-VLT deep 2D spectrophotometry confirm that O II ORL emission is more centrally concentrated than that of [O III] CELs and, therefore, that the abundance discrepancy may be closely linked to binary evolution.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, to be published in the proceedings of IAU Symp. 323 "Planetary nebulae: Multiwavelength probes os stellar and galactic evolution" X.-W. Liu, L. Stanghellini and A. Karakas, eds
Exotic Baryons in Hot Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Issifu, Adamu
name: Marquez, Kauan D.
name: Pelicer, Mateus R.
name: Menezes, Débora P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nuclear isentropic equation of state for a stellar matter composed of nucleons, hyperons, and $Δ$-resonances. We investigate different snapshots of the evolution of a neutron star, from its birth as a lepton-rich protoneutron star in the aftermath of a supernova explosion to a lepton-poor regime when the star starts cooling to a catalyzed configuration. We use a relativistic model within the mean-field approximation to describe the hot stellar matter and adopt density-dependent couplings adjusted by the DDME2 parameterization. We use baryon-meson couplings for the spin-$1/2$ baryonic octet and spin-$3/2$ decuplet determined in a unified manner relying on $\text{SU}(6)$ and $\text{SU}(3)$ symmetry arguments. We observe that $Λ$ is the dominant exotic particle in the star at different entropies for both neutrino-free and neutrino-trapped stellar matter. For a fixed entropy, the inclusion of new particles (hyperons and/or delta resonances) in the stellar matter decreases the temperature. Also, an increase in entropy per baryon ($1\;\text{to}\; 2$) with decreasing lepton number density ($0.4\;\text{to}\; 0.2$) leads to an increase in stellar radii and a decrease in its mass due to neutrino diffusion. In the neutrino transparent matter, the radii decrease from entropy per baryon $2$ to $T\,=\,0$ without a significant change in stellar mass.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
Enhanced Efficiency at Maximum Power in a Fock-Darwin Model Quantum Dot Engine
Creators: name: Peña, Francisco J.
name: Myers, Nathan M.
name: Órdenes, Daniel
name: Albarrán-Arriagada, Francisco
name: Vargas, Patricio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the performance of an endoreversible magnetic Otto cycle with a working substance composed of a single quantum dot described using the well-known Fock-Darwin model. We find that tuning the intensity of the parabolic trap (geometrical confinement) impacts the proposed cycle's performance, quantified by the power, work, efficiency, and parameter region where the cycle operates as an engine. We demonstrate that a parameter region exists where the efficiency at maximum output power exceeds the Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency, the efficiency at maximum power achieved by a classical working substance.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
High sensitivity to mass-ratio variation in deep molecular potentials
Creators: name: Hanneke, D.
name: Carollo, R. A.
name: Lane, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular vibrational transitions are prime candidates for model-independent searches for variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio. Searches for present-day variation achieve highest sensitivity with deep molecular potentials. We identify several high-sensitivity transitions in the deeply bound ${\rm O}_2^+$ molecular ion. These transitions are electric-dipole forbidden and thus have narrow linewidths. The most sensitive transitions take advantage of an accidental degeneracy between vibrational states in different electronic potentials. We suggest experimentally feasible routes to a measurement with uncertainty exceeding current limits on present-day variation in $m_p/m_e$.
As soon as you're born they make you feel small : self determination for children
Creators: name: Ayotte, Wendy
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Autonomy
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/824163
subject: School children
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1107147
subject: Children's rights
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/856519
subject: Authority
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821653
subject: Anarchism
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/808387
subject: Child abuse
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/854223
subject: Autonomy in children
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/824184
subject: Children
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/854835
subject: Anarchists
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/808401
subject: Civil rights
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/862627
subject: Motherhood
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1026907

description: Reprint of a pamphlet originally put together in 1986 in London, England. A compilation of newspaper articles, pesonal narratives, quotations from authors, academics, etc., with the author's commentary. "This pamphlet is addressing the experience of childhood, shared by both sexes in western society ... In the west, expectations of what a girl and a boy 'should' be are distinguished according to the prevailing notions of femininity and masculinity." "This pamphlet... is part of an on-going preoccupation with children's oppression, starting from my own experience." Title from John Lennon, quotes from Alice Miller, Shulamith Firestone (Dialectic of Sex), sections on role of young people in political uprisings, such as Northern Ireland and South Africa.
The Chandra COSMOS Legacy survey: the z>3 sample
Creators: name: Marchesi, S.
name: Civano, F.
name: Salvato, M.
name: Shankar, F.
name: Comastri, A.
name: Elvis, M.
name: Lanzuisi, G.
name: Trakhtenbrot, B.
name: Vignali, C.
name: Zamorani, G.
name: Allevato, V.
name: Brusa, M.
name: Fiore, F.
name: Gilli, R.
name: Griffiths, R.
name: Hasinger, G.
name: Miyaji, T.
name: Schawinski, K.
name: Treister, E.
name: Urry, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the largest high-redshift (30 at z>3. We compute the number counts in the observed 0.5-2 keV band, finding a decline in the number of sources at z>3 and constraining phenomenological models of X-ray background. We compute the AGN space density at z>3 in two different luminosity bins. At higher luminosities (logL(2-10 keV) > 44.1 erg/s) the space density declines exponentially, dropping by a factor ~20 from z~3 to z~6. The observed decline is ~80% steeper at lower luminosities (43.55 erg/s < logL(2-10 keV) < 44.1 erg/s), from z~3 to z~4.5. We study the space density evolution dividing our sample in optically classified Type 1 and Type 2 AGN. At logL(2-10 keV) > 44.1 erg/s, unobscured and obscured objects may have different evolution with redshift, the obscured component being three times higher at z~5. Finally, we compare our space density with predictions of quasar activation merger models, whose calibration is based on optically luminous AGN. These models significantly overpredict the number of expected AGN at logL(2-10 keV) > 44.1 erg/s with respect to our data.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication on ApJ
A new LHC search for dark matter produced via heavy Higgs bosons using simplified models
Creators: name: Adan, Danyer Perez
name: Bahl, Henning
name: Grohsjean, Alexander
name: Lozano, Victor Martin
name: Schwanenberger, Christian
name: Weiglein, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searches for dark matter produced via scalar resonances in final states consisting of Standard Model (SM) particles and missing transverse momentum are of high relevance at the LHC. Motivated by dark-matter portal models, most existing searches are optimized for unbalanced decay topologies for which the missing momentum recoils against the visible SM particles. In this work, we show that existing searches are also sensitive to a wider class of models, which we characterize by a recently presented simplified model framework. We point out that searches for models with a balanced decay topology can be further improved with more dedicated analysis strategies. For this study, we investigate the feasibility of a new search for bottom-quark associated neutral Higgs production with a $b \bar b Z + p_\text{T}^\text{miss}$ final state and perform a detailed collider analysis. Our projected results in the different simplified model topologies investigated here can be easily reinterpreted in a wide range of models of physics beyond the SM, which we explicitly demonstrate for the example of the Two-Higgs-Doublet model with an additional pseudoscalar Higgs boson.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables
The non-reciprocal Dicke model
Creators: name: Chiacchio, Ezequiel I. Rodríguez
name: Nunnenkamp, Andreas
name: Brunelli, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the physics of an open two-component Dicke model, where the light field mediates non-reciprocal interactions between two spin species. We show that the model, which we dub non-reciprocal Dicke model, exhibits a discrete parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetry and we characterize the emergence of a non-stationary phase, so far explained in terms of dissipation-induced instability, as spontaneous breaking of $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry. We further show that such $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry breaking embodies an instance of a non-reciprocal phase transition, a concept recently introduced by Fruchart $et$ $al.$ [Nature ${\bf 592}$, 363 (2021)]. Remarkably, the phase transition in our model does not necessitate the presence of any underlying broken symmetry or exceptional points in the spectrum, both believed to be essential requirements for non-reciprocal phase transitions. Our results establish driven-dissipative light-matter systems as a new avenue for exploring non-reciprocal phase transitions and contribute to the theory of non-reciprocal collective phenomena.
description: 5+3 pages, 4+2 figures
Delay and deviance of social cognition in individuals with autism
Creators: name: Bottroff, Verity May
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the Reference field.
Role of black hole quasinormal mode overtones for ringdown analysis
Creators: name: Nee, Peter James
name: Völkel, Sebastian H.
name: Pfeiffer, Harald P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extracting quasinormal modes from compact binary mergers to perform black hole spectroscopy is one of the fundamental pillars in current and future strong-gravity tests. Among the most remarkable findings of recent works is that including a large number of overtones not only reduces the mismatch of the fitted ringdown but also allows one to extract black hole parameters from a ringdown analysis that goes well within the nonlinear merger part. At the same time, it is well understood that several details of the ringdown analysis have important consequences for the question of whether overtones are present or not, and subsequently, to what extent one can claim to perform black hole spectroscopy. To clarify and tackle some aspects of overtone fitting, we revisit the clearer problem of wave propagation in the scalar Regge-Wheeler and Pöschl-Teller potentials. This setup, which is to some extent qualitatively very similar to the nonlinear merger-ringdown regime, indicates that using even an approximate model for the overtones yields an improved extraction of the black hole mass at early ringdown times. We find that the relevant parameter is the number of included modes rather than using the correct model for the overtones themselves. These results show that some standard tests for verifying the physical contribution of an overtone to a waveform can be misleading, and that even in the linear case it can be difficult to distinguish the presence of an excited mode from the fitting of non-QNM effects.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Embedded Quantum Correlations in thermalized quantum Rabi systems
Creators: name: Ahumada, M.
name: Cárdenas-López, F. A.
name: Barrios, G. Alvarado
name: Albarrán-Arriagada, F.
name: Retamal, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum correlations embedded in open quantum Rabi systems. Specifically, we study how the quantum correlation depends on the coupling strength, number of qubits, and reservoir temperatures. We numerically calculate the quantum correlations of up to three qubits interacting with a single field mode. We find that the embedded quantum correlations exhibit a maximum for a given coupling strength, which depends inversely on the number of subsystems and the reservoir temperature. We explore how this feature affects the performance of a many-qubit Otto heat engine, finding numerical evidence of a direct correspondence between the minimum of the extractable work and the maximum of the embedded quantum correlations in the qubit-cavity bi-partition. Furthermore, as we increase the number of qubits, the maximum extractable work is reached at smaller values of the coupling strength. This work could help design more sophisticated quantum heat engines that rely on many-body systems with embedded correlations as working substances.
description: 12 pages and 12 figures
Generation of Highlights from Research Papers Using Pointer-Generator Networks and SciBERT Embeddings
Creators: name: Rehman, Tohida
name: Sanyal, Debarshi Kumar
name: Chattopadhyay, Samiran
name: Bhowmick, Plaban Kumar
name: Das, Partha Pratim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Nowadays many research articles are prefaced with research highlights to summarize the main findings of the paper. Highlights not only help researchers precisely and quickly identify the contributions of a paper, they also enhance the discoverability of the article via search engines. We aim to automatically construct research highlights given certain segments of a research paper. We use a pointer-generator network with coverage mechanism and a contextual embedding layer at the input that encodes the input tokens into SciBERT embeddings. We test our model on a benchmark dataset, CSPubSum, and also present MixSub, a new multi-disciplinary corpus of papers for automatic research highlight generation. For both CSPubSum and MixSub, we have observed that the proposed model achieves the best performance compared to related variants and other models proposed in the literature. On the CSPubSum dataset, our model achieves the best performance when the input is only the abstract of a paper as opposed to other segments of the paper. It produces ROUGE-1, ROUGE-2 and ROUGE-L F1-scores of 38.26, 14.26 and 35.51, respectively, METEOR score of 32.62, and BERTScore F1 of 86.65 which outperform all other baselines. On the new MixSub dataset, where only the abstract is the input, our proposed model (when trained on the whole training corpus without distinguishing between the subject categories) achieves ROUGE-1, ROUGE-2 and ROUGE-L F1-scores of 31.78, 9.76 and 29.3, respectively, METEOR score of 24.00, and BERTScore F1 of 85.25.
description: 19 Pages, 7 Figures, 8 Tables
Probing massive neutrinos with the Minkowski functionals of the galaxy distribution
Creators: name: Liu, Wei
name: Jiang, Aoxiang
name: Fang, Wenjuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The characteristic signatures of massive neutrinos on large-scale structure (LSS), if fully captured, can be used to put a stringent constraint on their mass sum, $M_ν$. Previous work utilizing N-body simulations has shown the Minkowski functionals (MFs) of LSS can reveal the imprints of massive neutrinos on LSS, provide important complementary information to two-point statistics and significantly improve constraints on $M_ν$. In this work, we take a step forward and apply the statistics to the biased tracers of LSS, i.e. the galaxies, and in redshift space. We perform a Fisher matrix analysis and quantify the constraining power of the MFs by using the Molino mock galaxy catalogs, which are constructed based on the halo occupation distribution (HOD) framework with parameters for the SDSS $M_r < -21.5$ and -22 galaxy samples. We find the MFs give tighter constraints on all of the cosmological parameters that we consider than the power spectrum. The constraints on $Ω_{\mathrm{m}}, Ω_{\mathrm{b}}, h, n_s, σ_8$, and $M_ν$ from the MFs are better by a factor of 1.9, 2.9, 3.7, 4.2, 2.5, and 5.7, respectively, after marginalizing over the HOD parameters. Specifically, for $M_ν$, we obtain a 1$σ$ constraint of 0.059 eV with the MFs alone for a volume of only $\left(1 h^{-1} \mathrm{Gpc}\right)^3$.
description: 38 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in JCAP. This is the second in our series of work, the first is arXiv:2204.02945
On the Effect of Adversarial Training Against Invariance-based Adversarial Examples
Creators: name: Rauter, Roland
name: Nocker, Martin
name: Merkle, Florian
name: Schöttle, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Adversarial examples are carefully crafted attack points that are supposed to fool machine learning classifiers. In the last years, the field of adversarial machine learning, especially the study of perturbation-based adversarial examples, in which a perturbation that is not perceptible for humans is added to the images, has been studied extensively. Adversarial training can be used to achieve robustness against such inputs. Another type of adversarial examples are invariance-based adversarial examples, where the images are semantically modified such that the predicted class of the model does not change, but the class that is determined by humans does. How to ensure robustness against this type of adversarial examples has not been explored yet. This work addresses the impact of adversarial training with invariance-based adversarial examples on a convolutional neural network (CNN). We show that when adversarial training with invariance-based and perturbation-based adversarial examples is applied, it should be conducted simultaneously and not consecutively. This procedure can achieve relatively high robustness against both types of adversarial examples. Additionally, we find that the algorithm used for generating invariance-based adversarial examples in prior work does not correctly determine the labels and therefore we use human-determined labels.
HE-MAN -- Homomorphically Encrypted MAchine learning with oNnx models
Creators: name: Nocker, Martin
name: Drexel, David
name: Rader, Michael
name: Montuoro, Alessio
name: Schöttle, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning (ML) algorithms are increasingly important for the success of products and services, especially considering the growing amount and availability of data. This also holds for areas handling sensitive data, e.g. applications processing medical data or facial images. However, people are reluctant to pass their personal sensitive data to a ML service provider. At the same time, service providers have a strong interest in protecting their intellectual property and therefore refrain from publicly sharing their ML model. Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is a promising technique to enable individuals using ML services without giving up privacy and protecting the ML model of service providers at the same time. Despite steady improvements, FHE is still hardly integrated in today's ML applications. We introduce HE-MAN, an open-source two-party machine learning toolset for privacy preserving inference with ONNX models and homomorphically encrypted data. Both the model and the input data do not have to be disclosed. HE-MAN abstracts cryptographic details away from the users, thus expertise in FHE is not required for either party. HE-MAN 's security relies on its underlying FHE schemes. For now, we integrate two different homomorphic encryption schemes, namely Concrete and TenSEAL. Compared to prior work, HE-MAN supports a broad range of ML models in ONNX format out of the box without sacrificing accuracy. We evaluate the performance of our implementation on different network architectures classifying handwritten digits and performing face recognition and report accuracy and latency of the homomorphically encrypted inference. Cryptographic parameters are automatically derived by the tools. We show that the accuracy of HE-MAN is on par with models using plaintext input while inference latency is several orders of magnitude higher compared to the plaintext case.
Curriculum evaluation policy with special reference to geographical education
Creators: name: Blachford, Kevin Roy
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the Reference field.
On the accuracy of a recent regularized nuclear potential
Creators: name: Lehtola, Susi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: F. Gygi recently suggested an analytic, norm-conserving, regularized nuclear potential to enable all-electron plane-wave calculations [J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2023, 19, 1300--1309]. This potential $V(r)$ is determined by inverting the Schrödinger equation for the wave function ansatz $ϕ(\boldsymbol{r})=\exp[-h(\boldsymbol{r})]/\sqrtπ$ with $h(\boldsymbol{r})=r\text{erf}(ar)+b\exp(-a^{2}r^{2})$, where $a$ and $b$ are parameters. Gygi fixes $b$ by demanding $ϕ$ to be normalized, the value $b(a)$ depending on the strength of the regularization controlled by $a$. We begin this work by re-examining the determination of $b(a)$ and find that the original 10-decimal tabulations of Gygi are only correct to 5 decimals, leading to normalization errors in the order of $10^{-10}$. In contrast, we show that a simple 100-point radial quadrature scheme not only ensures at least 10 correct decimals of $b$, but also leads to machine-precision level satisfaction of the normalization condition. Moreover, we extend Gygi's plane-wave study by examining the accuracy of $V(r)$ with high-precision finite element calculations with Hartree-Fock and LDA, GGA, and meta-GGA functionals on first- to fifth-period atoms. We find that although the convergence of the total energy appears slow in the regularization parameter $a$, orbital energies and shapes are indeed reproduced accurately by the regularized potential even with relatively small values of $a$, as compared to results obtained with a point nucleus. The accuracy of the potential is furthermore studied with $s$-$d$ excitation energies of Sc--Cu as well as ionization potentials of He--Kr, which are found to converge to sub-meV precision with $a=4$. The findings of this work are in full support of Gygi's contribution, indicating that all-electron plane-wave calculations can be accurately performed with the regularized nuclear potential.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
A High Throughput Aqueous Passivation Testing Methodology for Compositionally Complex Alloys using Scanning Droplet Cell
Creators: name: Sur, Debashish
name: Joress, Howie
name: Hattrick-Simpers, Jason
name: Scully, John R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compositionally complex alloy systems containing more than five principal elements allow exploring a wide range of compositions, processing, and structural variables with the hope for identifying unique properties. Such opportunities also apply to designing materials for improved corrosion resistance, regulated by a self-healing passive film. Such a rich landscape in reactivity and protectivity demands the search for high-throughput experimental testing workflows to uncover key metrics, indicative of superior properties. In this communication, one such methodology is demonstrated for evaluating passivation performance of a combinatorial library of Al0.7-x-yCoxCryFe0.15Ni0.15 thin film alloys in deaerated 0.1 mol/L H2SO4(aq), using a scanning droplet cell.
Controlled Quantum Operations of a Semiconductor Three-Qubit System
Creators: name: Li, Hai-Ou
name: Cao, Gang
name: Yu, Guo-Dong
name: Xiao, Ming
name: Guo, Guang-Can
name: Jiang, Hong-Wen
name: Guo, Guo-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Coulomb interactions between electrons play important roles in coupling multiple qubits in various quantum systems. Here we demonstrate controlled quantum operations of three electron charge qubits based on three capacitively coupled semiconductor double quantum dots. The strong interactions between one double dot and other two double dots enable us to control the coherent rotations of one target qubit by the states of two control qubits.
Controllable Spin-Resolved Photon Emission Enhanced by Slow-Light Mode in Photonic Crystal Waveguides on Chip
Creators: name: Shi, Shushu
name: Xiao, Shan
name: Yang, Jingnan
name: Li, Shulun
name: Xie, Xin
name: Dang, Jianchen
name: Yang, Longlong
name: Dai, Danjie
name: Fu, Bowen
name: Yan, Sai
name: Yuan, Yu
name: Zhu, Rui
name: Li, Bei-Bei
name: Zuo, Zhanchun
name: Wang, Can
name: Ni, Haiqiao
name: Niu, Zhichuan
name: Jin, Kuijuan
name: Gong, Qihuang
name: Xu, Xiulai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the slow-light enhanced spin-resolved in-plane emission from a single quantum dot (QD) in a photonic crystal waveguide (PCW). The slow light dispersions in PCWs are designed to match the emission wavelengths of single QDs. The resonance between two spin states emitted from a single QD and a slow light mode of a waveguide is investigated under a magnetic field with Faraday configuration. Two spin states of a single QD experience different degrees of enhancement as their emission wavelengths are shifted by combining diamagnetic and Zeeman effects with an optical excitation power control. A circular polarization degree up to 0.81 is achieved by changing the off-resonant excitation power. Strongly polarized photon emission enhanced by a slow light mode shows great potential to attain controllable spin-resolved photon sources for integrated optical quantum networks on chip.
description: 7 pages,5 figures
Hadron Correlations at Energies from GeV to TeV
Creators: name: Kittel, Wolfram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the central issues in High Energy Physics is the close interchange between Theory and Experiment. Ever since I know Andrzej Białas, I know him as one of the theorists most interested in experimental data. This has naturally led to continuous fruitful contacts. Even though we have been working somehow together since about 1968, we so far have only one single publication in common. This was back in 1969 and it was on means to efficiently study what we then called (exclusive) Multihadron Final States. At that time this meant 3- or at best 4-particle final states of two-hadron collisions at cms energies of some 4 GeV (not TeV!). The field of multiparticle dynamics was in fact the domain of Polish high-energy physicists. The first of a very successful (and still lasting) series of annual International Symposia on Multiparticle Dynamics was organized in Paris in 1970, but essentially by Polish physicists. Andrzej himself was not attending, but it was he who organized the third in these series in (of course) Zakopane. Since heavy ion-collisions, another field of major interest for Andrzej, will be covered by others, I here will restrict myself mainly to the collisions of two elementary particles.
description: 32 pages, 26 figures
Bosses in Blue: Assessing the Role of Management Quality in Global City Crime Rates
Creators: name: Perkins, Sophie
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Crime Rates
subject: Police
subject: Management Quality
subject: Homicide Rates
subject: Homicide
subject: Police Chief

description: In recent years, discourse surrounding police reform has been globalized by the Black Lives Matter movement and those carrying its torch. Previous police literature tends to focus on analysis of police resources and analysis of policing strategies, a limited focus that limits further the potential for reform responses. Recently, a third branch of analysis that centers police management quality, identified within the leaders themselves, has demonstrated statistical significance in the USA. My contribution is to expand this lens by looking at whether this management quality tracks alongside crime rates internationally. To do so, I collect data on city homicide rates from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and overlap it with hand-collected data regarding who the police chief was in that city. The dataset demonstrates a proportionally large effect, showing a 0.74 change in homicides per 100,000 people, a statistic with a mean of 2.13 in this sample. Though the dataset’s limited size hinders the ability to confidently and statistically rule out that there is no effect, the large initial proportion warrants more research into this field.
Case-Based Decision Support for Disaster Management
Creators: name: Möhrle, Stella
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2020
Subjects: Entscheidungsunterstützung
Katastrophenmanagement
Fallbasiertes Schließen
nuklearer Notfallschutz
decision support
disaster management
case-based reasoning
nuclear emergency management

description: Disasters are characterized by severe disruptions of the society’s functionality and adverse impacts on humans, the environment, and economy that cannot be coped with by society using its own resources. This work presents a decision support method that identifies appropriate measures for protecting the public in the course of a nuclear accident. The method particularly considers the issue of uncertainty in decision-making as well as the structured integration of experience and expert knowledge.
Case of Leonard Peltier
Creators: name: Colestino, Pio
name: Miller, Arthur J., 1951-
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Anarchists
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/808401
subject: Indigenous peoples
subject: American Indian Movement
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/565402
subject: False testimony
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/920115
subject: Trials, litigation, etc.
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1423712
subject: United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/528882
subject: Indians of North America--Government relations
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/969761
subject: Political prisoners
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1069636
subject: Anarchism
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/808387
subject: Peltier, Leonard
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/92513
subject: Prisoners of war
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1077227
subject: Trials (Political crimes and offenses)
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1156388
subject: Indians, Treatment of
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/970120

description: Introduction by Standing Deer. Contains information about the case of Leonard Peltier and the international movement to free him. Leonard Peltier (born September 12, 1944) is a Native American activist and member of the American Indian Movement (AIM). Following a conflict at the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, Peltier fled to Hinton, Alberta, where he hid in a friend's cabin. On February 6, 1976, he was arrested and extradited from Canada based on an affidavit signed by Myrtle Poor Bear, a local Native American woman. She claimed to have been Peltier's girlfriend at the time and to have witnessed the murders. But, according to Peltier and others at the scene, Poor Bear did not know Peltier, nor was she present at the time of the shooting. She later confessed that she was pressured and threatened by FBI agents into giving the statements. Poor Bear attempted to testify about the FBI's intimidation at Peltier's trial; however, the judge barred her testimony on the grounds of mental incompetence. Peltier stood trial, and in 1977 he was convicted and sentenced to two consecutive terms of life imprisonment for first degree murder in the shooting of two Federal Bureau of Investigation agents during a 1975 conflict on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. Peltier's supporters present him as a political prisoner, although his murder conviction has survived appeals in various courts. Amnesty International has expressed concern about the fairness of the proceedings. Numerous lawsuits have been filed on Peltier's behalf, but none have succeeded.