cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Appendix A, Describing motivation for health and treatment decisions and communication  choices of calf-care workers on western United States dairies
Creators: name: Moore, Dale Ann
Publisher: name: Research Exchange, Washington State University
Year: 2020

description: This survey instrument accompanies the following article: D. A. Moore, C. C. Blackburn, J. A. Afema, D. R. Kinder, and W. M. Sischo. Describing motivation for health and treatment decisions and communication choices of calf-care workers on western United States dairies. J. Dairy Sci. TBC:1–13. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-18669
An experimental analysis of the role of metacognition in relapse to depression
Creators: name: Singer, Alisa R.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2006

description: Bibliography: p. 77-95
description: The present study employed an experimental design, to examine the role of metacognitive processing in the prevention of relapse to depression. Eighty remitted depressed participants were randomly allocated to receive training in the metacognitive style of rumination, distraction, acceptance or no training control prior to a negative mood induction. Rumination prolonged the intensity of the negative mood consistent with no training, whereas both distraction and acceptance reduced the intensity of the negative mood. Changes in attitudes were only found in the acceptance condition, as participants in this condition reduced negative attitudes towards negative experiences. These results are consistent with information processing theory, and imply that acceptance based preventative interventions may operate by both reducing the intensity of sad moods and altering one's attitudes towards temporary moments of sadness.
Negative thermal conductivity of chains of rotors with mechanical forcing
Creators: name: Iacobucci, Alessandra
name: Legoll, Frederic
name: Olla, Stefano
name: Stoltz, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider chains of rotors subjected to both thermal and mechanical forcings,in a nonequilibrium steady-state. Unusual nonlinear profiles of temperature and velocities are observed in the system. In particular, the temperature is maximal in the center, which is an indication of the nonlocal behavior of the system. In spite of that, local equilibrium holds for long enough chains. Our numerical results also show that, when the mechanical forcing is strong enough, the energy current can be increased by an inverse temperature gradient. This counterintuitive result again reveals the complexity of nonequilibrium states.
Gender, age, and screening differences in individuals diagnosed with malignant melanoma in the United States
Creators: name: Paddock, Lisa E.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2012

description: Melanoma is the rarest but most lethal form of skin cancer. This dissertation focuses on three salient issues in melanoma research –pediatric incidence, completeness of ascertainment in cancer registries, and the role of screening. Chapter 1 addresses melanoma incidence in children in whom 40-60% of melanoma cases may be initially misdiagnosed. The purpose was to examine differences between children/adolescents and adults in demographics and clinical characteristics of melanoma. Cases diagnosed from 1995-2008 were identified using the Cancer in North America (CINA) Deluxe database from the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR). Frequency distributions and incidence rates were tested for differences using chi square statistics, rate ratios, and annual percent change. Results show that children were diagnosed at later stages (x2 = 63.59; p
title: Direct observation of paramagnetic spin fluctuations in LaFe₁₃₋ₓ Siₓ
Creators: name: Faske, Tom
name: Radulov, Iliya Angelov
name: Hölzel, Markus
name: Gutfleisch, Oliver
name: Donner, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: IOP Publishing
Year: 2021

description: Spin fluctuations are a crucial driving force for magnetic phase transitions, but their presence usually is indirectly deduced from macroscopic variables like volume, magnetization or electrical resistivity. Here we report on the direct observation of spin fluctuations in the paramagnetic regime of the magnetocaloric model system LaFe₁₁.₆Si₁.₄ in the form of neutron diffuse scattering. To confirm the magnetic origin of the diffuse scattering, we correlate the temperature dependence of the diffuse intensity with ac magnetic susceptibility and x-ray diffraction experiments under magnetic field. Strong spin fluctuations are already observable at 295K and their presence alters the thermal contraction behavior of LaFe₁₁.₆Si₁.₄ down to the Curie temperature of the first-order magneto-structural transition at 190K. We explain the influence of the spin fluctuation amplitude on the lattice parameter in the framework of the internal magnetic pressure model and find that the critical forced magnetostriction follows Takashi’s spin fluctuation theory for itinerant electron systems.
Measuring NIR Atmospheric Extinction Using a Global Positioning System Receiver
Creators: name: Blake, Cullen H.
name: Shaw, Margaret M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modeling molecular absorption by Earth's atmosphere is important for a wide range of astronomical observations, including broadband NIR photometry and high-resolution NIR spectroscopy. Using a line-by-line radiative transfer approach, we calculate theoretical transmission spectra in the deep red optical (700 to 1050 nm) for Apache Point Observatory. In this region the spectrum is dominated by H2O, which is known to be highly variable in concentration on short timescales. We fit our telluric models to high-resolution observations of A stars and estimate the relative optical depth of H2O absorption under a wide range of observing conditions. We compare these optical depth estimates to simultaneous measurements of Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) based on data from a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver located at Apache Point. We find that measured PWV correlates strongly with the scaling of H2O absorption lines in our spectra, indicating that GPS-based PWV measurements combined with atmospheric models may be a powerful tool for the real-time estimation of total molecular absorption in broad NIR bands. Using photometric measurements from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR8 database we demonstrate that PWV biases the calibrated r-z colors and z-band fluxes of mid-M stars but not mid-G stars. While this effect is small compared to other sources of noise in the SDSS z-band observations, future surveys like the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope aim for higher precision and will need to take time-variable molecular transmission into account for the global calibration of NIR measurements of objects having strong spectral features at these wavelengths. Empirical calibrations based on PWV may be immediately applicable to ongoing efforts to make mmag differential measurements of M stars to detect transiting exoplanets.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in PASP
Epitaxial Stabilization of Ultrathin Films of Rare-Earth Nickelates
Creators: name: Meyers, D. J.
name: Moon, E. J.
name: Kareev, M.
name: Tung, I. C.
name: Gray, B. A.
name: Liu, Jian
name: Bedzyk, M. J.
name: Freeland, J. W.
name: Chakhalian, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the synthesis of ultrathin films of highly distorted EuNiO3 (ENO) grown by interrupted pulse laser epitaxy on YAlO3 (YAO) substrates. Through mapping the phase space of nickelate thin film epitaxy, the optimal growth temperatures were found to scale linearly with the Goldschmidt tolerance factor. Considering the gibbs energy of the expanding film, this empirical trend is discussed in terms of epitaxial stabilization and the escalation of the lattice energy due to lattice distortions and decreasing symmetry. These findings are fundamental to other complex oxide perovskites, and provide a route to the synthesis of other perovskite structures in ultrathin-film form.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Prediction Poisoning: Utility-Constrained Defenses Against Model Stealing Attacks
Creators: name: Orekondy, Tribhuvanesh
name: Schiele, Bernt
name: Fritz, Mario
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: High-performance Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are increasingly deployed in many real-world applications e.g., cloud prediction APIs. Recent advances in model functionality stealing attacks via black-box access (i.e., inputs in, predictions out) threaten the business model of such applications, which require a lot of time, money, and effort to develop. Existing defenses take a passive role against stealing attacks, such as by truncating predicted information. We find such passive defenses ineffective against DNN stealing attacks. In this paper, we propose the first defense which actively perturbs predictions targeted at poisoning the training objective of the attacker. We find our defense effective across a wide range of challenging datasets and DNN model stealing attacks, and additionally outperforms existing defenses. Our defense is the first that can withstand highly accurate model stealing attacks for tens of thousands of queries, amplifying the attacker's error rate up to a factor of 85x with minimal impact on the utility for benign users.
Barnes-type Boole polynomials
Creators: name: Kim, Taekyun
name: Kim, Dae San
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2016

description: In this paper, we consider Barnes-type Boole polynomials and give some interesting properties and identities of those polynomials which are derived from the fermionic integral on Zp.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 11, No 1 (2016)
Large nonlinear Kerr effect in graphene
Creators: name: Zhang, Han
name: Virally, Stephane
name: Bao, Qiaoliang
name: Loh, Kian Ping
name: Massar, Serge
name: Godbout, Nicolas
name: Kockaert, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Under strong laser illumination, few-layer graphene exhibits both a transmittance increase due to saturable absorption and a nonlinear phase shift. Here, we unambiguously distinguish these two nonlinear optical effects and identify both real and imaginary parts of the complex nonlinear refractive index of graphene. We show that graphene possesses a giant nonlinear refractive index n2=10-7cm2W-1, almost nine orders of magnitude larger than bulk dielectrics. We find that the nonlinear refractive index decreases with increasing excitation flux but slower than the absorption. This suggests that graphene may be a very promising nonlinear medium, paving the way for graphene-based nonlinear photonics.
description: Optics Letters received 12/02/2011; accepted 03/12/2012; posted 03/21/2012,Doc. ID 159129
The annihilating-ideal graph of $\mathbb{Z}_n$ is weakly perfect
Creators: name: Nikandish, Reza
name: Maimani, Hamidreza
name: Izanloo, Hasan
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2016

description: A graph is called weakly perfect if its vertex chromatic number equals its clique number. Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and $\mathbb{A}(R)$ be the set of ideals with non-zero annihilator. The annihilating-ideal graph of $R$ is defined as the graph $\mathbb{AG}(R)$ with the vertex set $\mathbb{A}(R)^{*}=\mathbb{A}(R)\setminus\{0\}$ and two distinct vertices $I$ and $J$ are adjacent if and only if $IJ=0$. In this paper, we show that the graph $\mathbb{AG}(\mathbb{Z}_n)$, for every positive integer $n$, is weakly perfect. Moreover, the exact value of the clique number of $\mathbb{AG}(\mathbb{Z}_n)$ is given and it is proved that $\mathbb{AG}(\mathbb{Z}_n)$ is class 1 for every positive integer ${n}$.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 11, No 1 (2016)
Additional file 1: of Derivation and validation of plasma endostatin for predicting renal recovery from acute kidney injury: a prospective validation study
Creators: name: Jia, Hui-Miao
name: Zheng, Yue
name: Huang, Li-Feng
name: Xin, Xin
name: Ma, Wen-Liang
name: Jiang, Yi-Jia
name: Zheng, Xi
name: Guo, Shu-Yan
name: Li, Wen-Xiong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology

description: Table S1. Net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) for assessing contributions of different biomarkers for nonrecovery prediction when combined with clinical risk factors. Table S2. Sensitivity analysis. Risk prediction analyses repeated after removing AKI stage 1 and 3 from clinical model. (PDF 41 kb)
Periodic Homogenization of strongly nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations with large reaction terms
Creators: name: Svanstedt, Nils
name: Woukeng, Jean Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B27, 76M50

description: We study in this paper the periodic homogenization problem related to a strongly nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation. Owing to the large reaction term, the homogenized equation has a rather quite different form which puts together both the reaction and convection effects. We show in a special case that, the homogenized equation is exactly of a convection-diffusion type. The study relies on a suitable version of the well-known two-scale convergence method.
description: 19 pages
Sufficient conditions for certain structural properties of graphs based on Wiener-type indices
Creators: name: Deng, Hanyuan
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2017

description: Let $G=(V,E)$ be a simple connected graph with the vertex set $V$
and the edge set $E$. The Wiener-type invariants of $G=(V,E)$ can be
expressed in terms of the quantities $W_{f}=\sum_{\{u,v\}\subseteq
V}f(d_{G}(u,v))$ for various choices of the function $f$, where
$d_{G}(u,v)$ is the distance between vertices $u$ and $v$ in $G$. In
this paper, we establish sufficient conditions based on Wiener-type
indices under which every path of length $r$ is contained in a
Hamiltonian cycle, and under which a bipartite graph on $n+m$
($m>n$) vertices contains a cycle of size $2n$.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 11, No 2 (2017)
Learning to track and identify players from broadcast sports videos
Creators: name: Lu, Wei-Lwun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Tracking and identifying players in sports videos filmed with a single pan-tilt-zoom camera has many applications, but it is also a challenging problem. This thesis introduces the first intelligent system that tackles this difficult task. The system possesses the ability to detect and track multiple players, estimates the homography between video frames and the court, and identifies the players. The tracking system is based on the tracking-by-detection philosophy. We first localize players using a player detector, categorize detections based on team colors, and then group them into tracks of specific players. Instead of using visual cues to distinguish between players, we instead rely on their short-term motion patterns. The homography estimation is solved by using a variant of the Iterated Closest Points (ICP). Unlike most existing algorithms that rely on matching robust feature points, we propose to match edge points in two images. In addition, we also introduce a technique to update the model online to accommodate logos and patterns in different stadiums. The identification system utilizes both visual and spatial cues, and exploits both temporal and mutual exclusion constraints in a Conditional Random Field. In addition, we propose a novel Linear Programming Relaxation algorithm for predicting the best player identification in a video clip. In order to reduce the number of labeled training data required to learn the identification system, we pioneer the use of weakly supervised learning with the assistance of play-by-play texts. Experiments show promising results in tracking, homography estimation, and identification. Moreover, weakly supervised learning with play-by-play texts greatly reduces the number of labeled training data required. Experiments show that we can use weakly supervised learning with merely 200 labels to achieve similar accuracies to a strongly supervised approach, which requires at least 20000 labels.
Fully Indecomposable and Nearly Decomposable Graphs
Creators: name: Aaghabali, Mehdi
name: Akbari, Saieed
name: Ariannejad, Masoud
name: Tajfirouz, Zakeieh
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2017
Subjects: Permanent, Partly Decomposable, Fully Indecomposable, Factor.

description: Let
A be an n-square non-negative matrix. If A contains no s\times t zero submatrix, where s + t = n, then it is called fully indecomposable. Also, a graph G is said to be fully indecomposable if its adjacency matrix is fully indecomposable. In this paper we provide some necessary and sucient conditions for a graph to be fully indecomposable. Among other results we prove that a regular connected graph is fully indecomposable if and only if it is not bipartite.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 11, No 2 (2017)
New combinatorial interpretations of some Rogers-Ramanujan type identities
Creators: name: Goyal, Megha
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2017
Subjects: $(n+t)$-color partitions; lattice paths; associated lattice paths; Bender-Knuth matrices; combinatorial identities

description: In present paper, three Rogers-Ramanujan type identities are interpreted combinatorially in terms of certain associated lattice path functions. Out of these three identities, two are further explored using the Bender-Knuth matrices. These results give new combinatorial interpretations of these basic series identities. Using a bijection between the associated lattice path functions and the ($n+t$)-color partitions and that of between the associated lattice path functions and the weighted lattice path functions, we extend the recent work of Sareen and Rana to three new 5-way combinatorial identities. By using the bijection between Bender-Knuth matrices and the $n$-color partitions, we further extend their work to two new 6-way combinatorial identities.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 11, No 2 (2017)
InfoScrub: Towards Attribute Privacy by Targeted Obfuscation
Creators: name: Wang, Hui-Po
name: Orekondy, Tribhuvanesh
name: Fritz, Mario
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Personal photos of individuals when shared online, apart from exhibiting a myriad of memorable details, also reveals a wide range of private information and potentially entails privacy risks (e.g., online harassment, tracking). To mitigate such risks, it is crucial to study techniques that allow individuals to limit the private information leaked in visual data. We tackle this problem in a novel image obfuscation framework: to maximize entropy on inferences over targeted privacy attributes, while retaining image fidelity. We approach the problem based on an encoder-decoder style architecture, with two key novelties: (a) introducing a discriminator to perform bi-directional translation simultaneously from multiple unpaired domains; (b) predicting an image interpolation that maximizes uncertainty over a target set of attributes. We find our approach generates obfuscated images faithful to the original input images and additionally increases uncertainty by 6.2x (or up to 0.85 bits) over the non-obfuscated counterparts.
title: Global Citizenship Education with Picture Books in English Language Learning
Creators: name: Mastellotto, Lynn
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt
Year: 2023

description: The United Nation’s 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recognise that quality educa-tion requires the integration of global citizenship education (GCE) into school curricula. A powerful way to integrate a global citizenship perspective in primary education is by harnessing the motivational power of stories in English-language learning (ELL) as a way of developing young learners’ global consciousness and global competencies. This article explores how story-based instruction can develop intercultural and ecological awareness, alongside reading and writing skills, by incorporating the vision and values of global citizenship education through a careful selection and use of picture books and storytelling practices in the primary English-language classroom.
Stability of Sasaki-extremal metrics under complex deformations
Creators: name: van Coevering, Craig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 53C25, Secondary 32Q20

description: We consider the stability of Sasaki-extremal metrics under deformations of the complex structure on the Reeb foliation. Given such a deformation preserving the action of a compact subgroup of the automorphism group of a Sasaki-extremal structure, a sufficient condition is given involving the nondegeneracy of the relative Futaki invariant for the deformations to contain Sasaki-extremal structures. Deformations of Sasaki-Einstein metrics are also considered, where it suffices that the deformation preserve a maximal torus. As an application, new families of Sasaki-Einstein and Sasaki-extremal metrics are given on deformations of well known 3-Sasaki 7-manifolds.
description: Added the obstruction to the existence of Sasaki structures under transversal complex deformations. 30 pages and 1 figure
Mass-luminosity relation for FGK main sequence stars: metallicity and age contributions
Creators: name: Gafeira, Ricardo
name: Patacas, Carlos
name: Fernandes, João
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stellar mass-luminosity relation (MLR) is one of the most famous empirical "laws", discovered in the beginning of the 20th century. MLR is still used to estimate stellar masses for nearby stars, particularly for those that are not binary systems, hence the mass cannot be derived directly from the observations. It's well known that the MLR has a statistical dispersion which cannot be explained exclusively due to the observational errors in luminosity (or mass). It is an intrinsic dispersion caused by the differences in age and chemical composition from star to star. In this work we discuss the impact of age and metallicity on the MLR. Using the recent data on mass, luminosity, metallicity, and age for 26 FGK stars (all members of binary systems, with observational mass-errors <= 3%), including the Sun, we derive the MLR taking into account, separately, mass-luminosity, mass-luminosity-metallicity, and mass-luminosity-metallicity-age. Our results show that the inclusion of age and metallicity in the MLR, for FGK stars, improves the individual mass estimation by 5% to 15%.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted in Astrophysics and Space Science
Input Algebras
Creators: name: Gopinath, Rahul
name: Nemati, Hamed
name: Zeller, Andreas
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Grammar-based test generators are highly efficient in producing syntactically valid test inputs, and give their user precise control over which test inputs should be generated. Adapting a grammar or a test generator towards a particular testing goal can be tedious, though. We introduce the concept of a grammar transformer, specializing a grammar towards inclusion or exclusion of specific patterns: “The phone number must not start with 011 or +1”. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first approach to allow for arbitrary Boolean combinations of patterns, giving testers unprecedented flexibility in creating targeted software tests. The resulting specialized grammars can be used with any grammar-based fuzzer for targeted test generation, but also as validators to check whether the given specialization is met or not, opening up additional usage scenarios. In our evaluation on real-world bugs, we show that specialized grammars are accurate both in producing and validating targeted inputs.
title: Protease-Activation of Fc-Masked Therapeutic Antibodies to Alleviate Off-Tumor Cytotoxicity
Creators: name: Elter, Adrian
name: Yanakieva, Desislava
name: Fiebig, David
name: Hallstein, Kerstin
name: Becker, Stefan
name: Betz, Ulrich
name: Kolmar, Harald
Publisher: name: Frontiers
Year: 2021

description: The interaction of the Fc region of therapeutic antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates with Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) can lead to unpredictable and severe side effects. Over the last decades several strategies have been developed to overcome this drawback, including extensive Fc- and glycoengineering and antibody isotype switching. However, these approaches result in permanently Fc-silenced antibody derivates which partially or completely lack antibody-mediated effector functions. Nevertheless, for a majority of antibody-based drugs, Fc-mediated effector functions, like antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP) as well as complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), represent the most substantial modes of action. We argued that a new strategy combining the beneficial properties of Fc-silencing and controlled activation of effector functions can pave the way to potent antibody therapeutics, reducing the FcγRs-mediated off-target toxicity. We present a novel Fc-tamed antibody format, where the FcγR-binding sites of antibodies are blocked by anti-isotypic masking units, hindering the association of FcγR and complement component 1 (c1q) to the Fc domain. The masking units were genetically fused to trastuzumab, including a protease-addressable peptide-liker. Our Fc-tamed antibodies demonstrated completely abolished interaction to soluble high-affinity Fcγ-Receptor I and c1q. In reporter cell-based ADCC assays, our Fc-tamed antibodies exhibited a 2,700 to 7,100-fold reduction in activation, compared to trastuzumab. Upon demasking by a tumor-associated protease, the Fc-activated antibodies demonstrated restored FcγR-binding, c1q-binding and the ability to induce potent ADCC activation. Furthermore, cell killing assays using donor-derived NK cells were performed to validate the functionality of the Fc-tamed antibody variants. To our knowledge, this approach represents the first non-permanently Fc-silenced antibody, which can be re-activated by a tumor-associated protease, eventually extending the field of novel antibody formats.
Impurity-trapped excitons and electron traps in CaF$_2$:Yb$^{2+}$ and SrF$_2$:Yb$^{2+}$ probed by transient photoluminescence enhancement
Creators: name: Senanayake, P. S.
name: Wells, J. P. R.
name: Reid, M. F.
name: Berden, G.
name: Meijerink, A.
name: Reeves, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CaF$_2$:Yb$^{2+}$ and SrF$_2$:Yb$^{2+}$ crystals have been investigated by a two-color UV + IR transient photoluminescence enhancement technique. The enhancement gives information about both changes in internal energy levels of the excitons and liberation of electrons from traps in the crystals.
description: Minor updates and add DOI
The law of perfidy and ruses of war at sea
Creators: name: Yoga, Pornomo Rovan Astri
name: Bautista, Lowell
Publisher: name: University of Wollongong
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 4804
subject: Law in context
classificationCode: 4803
subject: International and comparative law
classificationCode: 4807
subject: Public law
classificationCode: 48
subject: Law and legal studies

description: The principle of distinction is a fundamental principle in the law of armed conflict, aimed at protecting civilians and civilian objects from direct attacks. Adherence to this principle is crucial for minimizing the humanitarian impact of warfare. Nevertheless, the longstanding practice of ruses of war, deeply embedded in customary international law, complicates the application of this principle in combat. While certain deceptive tactics are allowed, the line between acceptable ruses and forbidden acts of perfidy is often unclear, especially in naval warfare. The evolution of modern warfare technology further obscures these distinctions, raising important legal questions regarding their relevance today. This article critically examines the existing legal framework governing ruses and perfidy at sea and explores how these rules apply to contemporary naval operations. Finally, the article identifies key legal gaps and proposes pathways for reform to better align the law with current realities.
The U.S. Farm Sector in the Mid-1980's
Creators: name: Reimund, Donn A.
name: Brooks, Nora L.
name: Velde, Paul D.
name: Reimund, Donn A.
name: Brooks, Nora L.
name: Velde, Paul D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Farm Management
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Farm size
subject: distribution
subject: type of farm
subject: commodity concentration
subject: Gini Indexes
subject: Lorenz distributions

description: The number of U.S. farms with sales above a quarter million dollars increased by nearly 1½ times over the last decade, but about half the gain was due to inflation. This report presents the dimensions of change in the farm sector for a number of variables (income, wealth, ownership, organization, and concentration of production) adjusted for inflation to document the actual change between 1974 and 1982, It also presents economic profiles of typical farms by region for major commodities.
On the role of final-state interactions in Dalitz plot studies
Creators: name: Kubis, Bastian
name: Niecknig, Franz
name: Schneider, Sebastian P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of Dalitz plots of heavy-meson decays to multi-hadron final states has received intensified interest by the possibility to gain access to precision investigations of CP violation. A thorough understanding of the hadronic final-state interactions is a prerequisite to achieve a highly sensitive, model-independent study of such Dalitz plots. We illustrate some of the theoretical tools, predominantly taken from dispersion theory, available for these and related purposes, and discuss the low-energy decays omega, phi --> 3pi in some more detail.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures; to appear in the proceedings of the International Workshop on e+e- collisions from Phi to Psi, September 19-22, 2011, Novosibirsk, Russia; partial textual overlap with arXiv:1108.5866
title: Structure and Thermodynamics of Silicon Oxycarbide Polymer-Derived Ceramics with and without Mixed-Bonding
Creators: name: Sugie, Casey
name: Navrotsky, Alexandra
name: Lauterbach, Stefan
name: Kleebe, Hans-Joachim
name: Mera, Gabriela
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021

description: Silicon oxycarbides synthesized through a conventional polymeric route show characteristic nanodomains that consist of sp² hybridized carbon, tetrahedrally coordinated SiO₄, and tetrahedrally coordinated silicon with carbon substitution for oxygen, called “mixed bonds.” Here we synthesize two preceramic polymers possessing both phenyl substituents as unique organic groups. In one precursor, the phenyl group is directly bonded to silicon, resulting in a SiOC polymer-derived ceramic (PDC) with mixed bonding. In the other precursor, the phenyl group is bonded to the silicon through Si-O-C bridges, which results in a SiOC PDC without mixed bonding. Radial breathing-like mode bands in the Raman spectra reveal that SiOC PDCs contain carbon nanoscrolls with spiral-like rolled-up geometry and open edges at the ends of their structure. Calorimetric measurements of the heat of dissolution in a molten salt solvent show that the SiOC PDCs with mixed bonding have negative enthalpies of formation with respect to crystalline components (silicon carbide, cristobalite, and graphite) and are more thermodynamically stable than those without. The heats of formation from crystalline SiO₂, SiC, and C of SiOC PDCs without mixed bonding are close to zero and depend on the pyrolysis temperature. Solid state MAS NMR confirms the presence or absence of mixed bonding and further shows that, without mixed bonding, terminal hydroxyls are bound to some of the Si-O tetrahedra. This study indicates that mixed bonding, along with additional factors, such as the presence of terminal hydroxyl groups, contributes to the thermodynamic stability of SiOC PDCs.
On Compositional Information Flow Aware Refinement
Creators: name: Baumann, Christoph
name: Dam, Mads
name: Guanciale, Roberto
name: Nemati, Hamed
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: The concepts of information flow security and refinement are known to have had a troubled relationship ever since the seminal work of McLean. In this work we study refinements that support changes in data representation and semantics, including the addition of state variables that may induce new observational power or side channels. We propose a new epistemic approach to ignorance-preserving refinement where an abstract model is used as a specification of a system’s permitted information flows, that may include the declassification of secret information. The core idea is to require that refinement steps must not induce observer knowledge that is not already available in the abstract model. Our study is set in the context of a class of shared variable multi-agent models similar to interpreted systems in epistemic logic. We demonstrate the expressiveness of our framework through a series of small examples and compare our approach to existing, stricter notions of information-flow secure refinement based on bisimulations and noninterference preservation. Interestingly, noninterference preservation is not supported “out of the box” in our setting, because refinement steps may introduce new secrets that are independent of secrets already present at abstract level. To support verification, we first introduce a “cube-shaped” unwinding condition related to conditions recently studied in the context of value-dependent noninterference, kernel verification, and secure compilation. A fundamental problem with ignorance-preserving refinement, caused by the support for general data and observation refinement, is that sequential composability is lost. We propose a solution based on relational pre- and post-conditions and illustrate its use together with unwinding on the oblivious RAM construction of Chung and Pass.
Transport of energetic electrons through the solar corona and the interplanetary space
Creators: name: Önel, H.
name: Mann, G.
name: Sedlmayr, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During solar flares fast electron beams generated in the solar corona are non-thermal radio sources in terms of type III bursts. Sometimes they can enter into the interplanetary space, where they can be observed by in-situ measurements as it is done e.g. by the WIND spacecraft. On the other hand, they can be the source of non-thermal X-ray radiation as e.g. observed by RHESSI, if they precipitate toward the dense chromosphere due to bremsstrahlung. Since these energetic electrons are generated in the corona and observed at another site, the study of transport of such electrons in the corona and interplanetary space is of special interest. The transport of electrons is influenced by the global magnetic and electric field as well as local Coulomb collisions with the particles in the background plasma.
description: Article published in the "Planetary Radio Emissions VI"-Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop held at Graz, Austria, April 20-22, 2005: http://hw.oeaw.ac.at/?arp=0x0015cbd2; Print Edition: ISBN 978-3-7001-3691-0, Online Edition: ISBN 978-3-7001-3763-4
Reining in the Web's Inconsistencies with Site Policy
Creators: name: Calzavara, Stefano
name: Urban, Tobias
name: Tatang, Dennis
name: Steffens, Marius
name: Stock, Ben
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Over the years, browsers have adopted an ever-increasing number of client-enforced security policies deployed by means of HTTP headers. Such mechanisms are fundamental for web application security, and usually deployed on a per-page basis. This, however, enables inconsistencies, as different pages within the same security boundaries (in form of origins or sites) can express conflicting security requirements. In this paper, we formalize inconsistencies for cookie security attributes, CSP and HSTS, and then quantify the magnitude and impact of inconsistencies at scale by crawling 15,000 popular sites. We show numerous sites endanger their own security by omission or misconfiguration of the aforementioned mechanisms, which lead to unnecessary exposure to XSS, cookie theft and HSTS deactivation. We then use our data to analyse to which extent the recent Origin Policy proposal can fix the problem of inconsistencies. Unfortunately, we conclude that the current Origin Policy design suffers from major shortcomings which limit its practical applicability to address security inconsistencies, while catering to the need of real-world sites. Based on these insights, we propose Site Policy, designed to overcome Origin Policy’s shortcomings and make any insecurity explicit. We make a prototype implementation of Site Policy publicly available, along with a support toolchain for initial policy generation, security analysis, and test deployment.
Nuclear pairing: basic phenomena revisited
Creators: name: Bertsch, G. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review the phenomena associated with pairing in nuclear physics, most prominently the ubiquitous presence of odd-even mass differences and the properties of the excitation spectra, very different for even-even and odd-A nuclei. There are also significant dynamical effects of pairing, visible in the inertias associated with nuclear rotation and large-amplitude shape deformation.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures, 1 table. This MS is a chapter in a review volume on nuclear pairing. The editors of the volume are R.A. Broglia and V. Zelevinsky
Electronic Supplementary Materials from Gossip and reputation in everyday life
Creators: name: Dores Cruz, Terence D.
name: Thielmann, Isabel
name: Columbus, Simon
name: Molho, Catherine
name: Wu, Junhui
name: Righetti, Francesca
name: De Vries, Reinout
name: Koutsoumpis, Antonis
name: Van Lange, Paul A. M.
name: Beersma, Bianca
name: Balliet, Daniel
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Pilot Study and Electronic Supplementary Information on Methods and Analyses
The animation canvas : a sketch-based visual language for motion editing
Creators: name: Welsman-Dinelle, Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: We propose the Animation Canvas, a system for working with character animation. The canvas is an interactive two-dimensional environment similar to a sketch editor. Abstract interaction modes and controls are provided to support editing tasks. Consistent motion-as-curve and pose-as-point metaphors unify different features of the system. The metaphors and interactive elements of the system define a visual language allowing users to explore, manipulate, and create motions. The canvas also serves as a framework for presenting interactive motion editing techniques. We have developed two techniques in order to explore possibilities for motion editing while demonstrating the flexibility of the system. The first technique is a method for interacting with motion graphs in order to explore motion connectivity and construct new blended motions from shorter clips. The second is a real-time spatial interpolation system that enables users to construct new motions or control an animated character.
Black Widow: Blackbox Data-driven Web Scanning
Creators: name: Eriksson, Benjamin
name: Pellegrino, Giancarlo
name: Sabelfeld, Andrei
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Modern web applications are an integral part of our digital lives. As we put more trust in web applications, the need for security increases. At the same time, detecting vulnerabilities in web applications has become increasingly hard, due to the complexity, dynamism, and reliance on third-party components. Blackbox vulnerability scanning is especially challenging because (i) for deep penetration of web applications scanners need to exercise such browsing behavior as user interaction and asynchrony, and (ii) for detection of nontrivial injection attacks, such as stored cross-site scripting (XSS), scanners need to discover inter-page data dependencies. This paper illuminates key challenges for crawling and scanning the modern web. Based on these challenges we identify three core pillars for deep crawling and scanning: navigation modeling, traversing, and tracking inter-state dependencies. While prior efforts are largely limited to the separate pillars, we suggest an approach that leverages all three. We develop Black Widow, a blackbox data-driven approach to web crawling and scanning. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the crawling by code coverage improvements ranging from 63% to 280% compared to other crawlers across all applications. Further, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the web vulnerability scanning by featuring no false positives and finding more cross-site scripting vulnerabilities than previous methods. In older applications, used in previous research, we find vulnerabilities that the other methods miss. We also find new vulnerabilities in production software, including HotCRP, osCommerce, PrestaShop and WordPress.
Hermitian dynamics in a class of pseudo-Hermitian networks
Creators: name: Jin, L.
name: Song, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the connection between pseudo-Hermitian and Hermitian descriptions for a lattice, which consists of a set of isomorphic pseudo-Hermitian clusters. We show that such non-Hermitian systems can act as Hermitian systems. This is made possible by considering the dynamics of a state involving the superposition of a single eigenmode of each isomorphic clusters. It still holds when multiple eigenmodes are involved when additional restriction on the state is imposed. This Hermitian dynamics is demonstrated for the case of an exactly solvable PT-symmetric ladder system.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A
Developer-centric models: easing access to relevant information in a software development environment
Creators: name: Fritz, Thomas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: During the development of a software system, large amounts of new information, such as source code, work items and documentation, are produced continuously. As a developer works, one of his major activities is to consult portions of this information pertinent to his work to answer the questions he has about the system and its development. Current development environments are centered around models of the artifacts used in development, rather than of the people who perform the work, making it difficult and sometimes infeasible for the developer to satisfy his information needs. We introduce two developer-centric models, the degree-of-knowledge (DOK) model and the information fragments model, which support developers in accessing the small portions of information needed to answer the questions they have. The degree-of-knowledge model computes automatically, for each source code element in the development environment, a real value that represents a developer's knowledge of that element based on a developer's authorship and interaction data. We present evidence that shows that both authorship and interaction information are important in characterizing a developer's knowledge of code. We report on the usage of our model in case studies on expert finding, knowledge transfer and identifying changes of interest. We show that our model improves upon an existing expertise finding approach and can accurately identify changes for which a developer should likely be aware. Finally, we discuss the robustness of the model across multiple development sites and teams. The information fragment model automates the composition of different kinds of information and allows developers to easily choose how to display the composed information. We show that the model supports answering 78 questions that involve the integration of information siloed by existing programming environments. We identified these questions from interviews with developers. We also describe how 18 professional developers were able to use a prototype tool based on our model to successfully and quickly answer 94% of eight of the 78 questions posed in a case study. The separation of composition and presentation supported by the model, allowed the developers to answer the questions according to their personal preferences.
Is there evidence for sterile neutrinos in IceCube data?
Creators: name: Barger, V.
name: Gao, Y.
name: Marfatia, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Data from the LSND and MiniBooNE experiments, and revised expectations of the antineutrino flux from nuclear reactors suggest the existence of eV-mass sterile neutrinos. 3+2 and 1+3+1 scenarios accommodate all relevant short-baseline neutrino data except for the low-energy MiniBooNE anomaly. We analyze the angular distribution of upward going atmospheric neutrino events in the IceCube-40 dataset for evidence of sterile neutrinos within these scenarios. Depending on how systematic uncertainties are handled, we find strong evidence for, or weak evidence against sterile neutrinos. We show that future IceCube data will definitively settle the issue.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Negotiating the ring: reconciling gender in women's boxing
Creators: name: Cove, Leslie
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2006

description: Bibliography: p. 142-151
description: As an emerging sport, female boxing has been an under-researched area of study in the sociology of sport. Girls and women who box enter a contested terrain of female participation that challenges dominant ideas of gender, aggression, and violence found both in sport and broader society. The result is a complex negotiation of gender and boxing both at the theoretical level between resistance and incorporation, and in the lived experiences of those involved in the boxing subculture, as they negotiate with and reconcile ideas ( and ideologies) of femininity. Using a cultural studies perspective, multiple methods were used (including semi-structured interviewing, observation, and content analysis) to understand gender ideologies and relations of power in female boxing.