Byssosphaeria phoenicis Kular. &amp; K. D. Hyde 2022, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Kularathnage, Nuwan D.
name: Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N.
name: Senanayake, Indunil C.
name: Yang, Yunhui
name: Manawasinghe, Ishara S.
name: Phillips, Alan J. L.
name: Hyde, Kevin D.
name: Dong, Wei
name: Song, Jiage
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Dothideomycetes
Pleosporales
Melanommataceae
Byssosphaeria
Byssosphaeria phoenicis

description: <i>Byssosphaeria phoenicis</i> Kular. &amp; K.D. Hyde, <i>sp. nov.</i> Index Fungorum number: IF559349; Facesoffungi number: FoF 10619, FIGURE 3 Etymology: referring to the host genus, <i>Phoenix</i>. <i>Saprobic</i> on dead petioles of <i>Phoenix roebelenii</i>. <b>Sexual morph</b>: <i>Ascomata</i> 580–625 μm diam., 600–650 μm high (x̄ = 610 × 630 μm, n = 10), densely gregarious, superficial on subiculum, uniloculate, subglobose, black, coriaceous, setose, apapillate, ostiole wide, surrounding by a reddish orange disc, periphysate. <i>Peridium</i> 90–110 μm, 5–7-layered, comprises outer layer of black, thick-walled cells of <i>textura angularis</i> and 3–4-layered, hyaline, thick-walled cells of <i>textura angularis. Setae</i> 250–350 µm long, ends blunt, black, formed from the inner cell layer of peridium. <i>Pseudoparaphyses</i> 1–2 μm wide, hyaline, filamentous, trabeculate, aseptate, unbranched. <i>Asci</i> 100–160 × 10–15 (x̄ = 145 × 12 μm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, clavate, blunted at the apex without ocular chamber, long-stalked (50–70 μm long). <i>Ascospores</i> 25–30 × 5–7 µm (x̄ = 26 × 6 μm, n = 20), overlapping triseriate to 4-seriate, fusiform, slightly curved, smooth-walled, initially hyaline, pale brown to pale olivaceous at maturity, 1– (3)-septate, slightly constricted at the middle septum, surrounded by a thin, gelatinous sheath which swells around the septum and protrudes at both ends. <b>Asexual morph</b>: Undetermined. Culture characters— <i>Colonies</i> on PDA reaching 2 cm diam., after one week at 20 °C in dark, colonies medium dense, circular to irregular, umbonate, curled, wooly, colony from above and reverse white to yellowish, mycelium white to yellowish with tufting; not producing pigments in PDA. Cultures do not sporulate within 30 days. Material examined— China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering (23°06’28.4”N 113°16’51.6”E), on dead petioles of <i>Phoenix roebelenii</i> (<i>Arecaceae</i>), 8 June 2021, N.D. Kularathnage, NDK 29-1 (ZHKU 21-0011, <b>holotype</b>), ex-type living culture ZHKUCC 21-0122; <i>ibid</i>. NDK 29-2 (ZHKU 21-0012, isotype), ex-type living culture ZHKUCC 21-0123. Notes—The combined gene analysis of ITS, LSU, SSU and <i>tef-</i> 1 <i>α</i> (FIGURE 1) showed that our <i>Byssosphaeria</i> isolates formed a distinct subclade that is sister to <i>B. taiwanense</i> (MFLUCC 17-2643) with ML/BI = 100/1.00 support. Comparison of the DNA sequence of ITS, LSU, SSU and <i>tef-</i> 1 <i>α</i> locus of <i>Byssosphaeria phoenicis</i>, with <i>B. taiwanense</i> revealed the base pair differences of 14/505, 6/873, 10/1000 and 10/943 respectively. However, our species is different from <i>Byssosphaeria taiwanense</i> in having ascomata with thick peridium at the sides (90–110 μm) and overlapping triseriate to 4-seriate ascospores in the ascus. The matured ascospores are 3-septate and brick red to brown. The mucilaginous sheath swells widely (5–8 µm) around the central septum and narrowly protrudes towards the ends of the ascospores. <i>Byssosphaeria taiwanense</i> has ascomata with thin peridium at sides (35–50 μm), pale brown to olivaceous brown, 1-septate ascospores when mature with an overlapping uniseriate to overlapping biseriate ascospore arrangement. The mucilaginous sheath swells uniformly around the ascospores (10–12 µm) (Tennakoon <i>et al.</i> 2018). <i>Byssosphaeria alnea</i>, <i>B. diffusa</i>, <i>B. erumpens</i>, <i>B. hainanensis</i>, <i>B. jamaicana</i>, <i>B. musae</i>, <i>B. oviformis</i>, <i>B. rhodomphala</i>, and <i>B. schiedermayeriana</i> have been collected from China (Barr 1984, 1990, Chen &amp; Hsieh 2004, Li &amp; Zhuang 2008, Liu <i>et al.</i> 2015, Tennakoon <i>et al.</i> 2018). Our species is morphologically distinct from all <i>Byssosphaeria</i> species and a morphological comparison of <i>Byssosphaeria</i> species is provided in TABLE 3.
description: Published as part of <i>Kularathnage, Nuwan D., Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Senanayake, Indunil C., Yang, Yunhui, Manawasinghe, Ishara S., Phillips, Alan J. L., Hyde, Kevin D., Dong, Wei &amp; Song, Jiage, 2022, Microfungi associated with ornamental palms: Byssosphaeria phoenicis sp. nov. (Melanommataceae) and Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis sp. nov. (Dictyosporiaceae) from south China, pp. 149-169 in Phytotaxa 568 (2)</i> on page 158, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.568.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7192811
description: {"references": ["Tennakoon, D. S., Jeewon, R., Chang-Hsin, K. &amp; Hyde, K. D. (2018) Phylogenetic and morphological characterization of Byssosphaeria macarangae sp. nov., and B. taiwanense sp. nov. from Macaranga tanarius. Phytotaxa 364 (3): 211 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / Phytotaxa. 364.3.1", "Barr, M. E. (1984) Herpotrichia and its segregates. Mycotaxon 20: 1 - 38.", "Barr, M. E. (1990) Melanommatales (Loculoascomycetes). In: North American Flora. Series (II). New York Botanical Garden, New York, 129 pp.", "Chen, C. Y. &amp; Hsieh, W. H. (2004) Byssosphaeria and Herpotrichia from Taiwan, with notes on the taxonomic relationship between these two genera. Sydowia 56: 24 - 38.", "Li, W. Y. &amp; Zhuang, W. Y. (2008) Notes on the genus Byssosphaeria (Melanommataceae) from China. Mycosystema 27: 48 - 53.", "Liu, J. K., Hyde, K. D., Jones, E. B. G., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bhat, D. J., Boonmee, S., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., McKenzie, E. H. C., Phookamsak, R., Phukhamsakda, C., Shenoy, B. D., Abdel-Wahab, M. A., Buyck, B., Chen, J., Chethana, K. W. T., Singtripop, C., Dai, D. Q., Dai, Y. C., Daranagama, D. A., Dissanayake, A. J., Doilom, M., D'souza, M. J., Fan, X. L., Goonasekara, I. D., Hirayama, K., Hongsanan, S., Jayasiri, S. C., Jayawardena, R. S., Karunarathna, S. C., Li, W. J., Mapook, A., Norphanphoun, C., Pang, K. L., Perera, R. H., Persoh, D., Pinruan, U., Senanayake, I. C., Somrithipol, S., Suetrong, S., Tanaka, K., Thambugala, K. M., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Udayanga, D., Wijayawardene, N. N., Wanasinghe, D., Wisitrassameewong, K., Zeng, X. Y., Abdel-Aziz, F. A., Adamcik, S., Bahkali, A. H., Boonyuen, N., Bulgakov, T., Callac, P., Chomnunti, P., Greiner, K., Hashimoto, A., Hofstetter, V., Kang, J. C., Lewis, D., Li, X. H., Liu, X. Z., Liu, Z. Y., Matsumura, M., Mortimer, P. E., Rambold, G., Randrianjohany, E., Sato, G., Sri-Indrasutdhi, V., Tian, C. M., Verbeken, A., von Brackel, W., Wang, Y., Wen, T. C., Xu, J. C., Yan, J. Y., Zhao, R. L. &amp; Camporesi, E. (2015) Fungal Diversity Notes 1 - 110: Taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal species. Fungal Diversity 72: 1 - 197. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 015 - 0324 - y"]}