cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Síndrome de encefalopatía posterior reversible, “no siempre típico, no siempre reversible”
Creators: name: Reyes Ortiz, Alba lucia
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Observer performance
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Head and neck

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
El espectro clínico y la fisiopatología del síndrome de encefalopatía posterior reversible (PRES) sigue estando mal definido.
Las complicaciones,
como el infarto isquémico o la hemorragia intracraneal pueden causar morbilidad y mortalidad.
Esto...
Unravelling ultrashort laser excitation of nickel at 800 nm wavelength
Creators: name: Genieys, T
name: Petrakakis, M
name: Tsibidis, G
name: Sentis, M
name: Utéza, O
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical response of nickel is studied in a wide range of laser fluence, below and above the ablation threshold, by selfreflectivity measurements of ultrashort 800nm single laser pulses. At the ablation threshold, the reflectivity remains unchanged with respect to its unperturbed value irrespective of the pulse duration, from 15 to 100 fs, consistently with the steadiness of the laser-induced ablation threshold fluence Fth for all pulse durations tested. Until the ablation threshold ($F\le F_{th}$) and whatever the pulse duration, the disturbances caused to the initial structure of the electron gas distribution by the laser energy deposition are limited, having no significant impact on the transient optical response of nickel and on its ablation threshold. At higher laser fluences ($F> F_{th}$), the reflectivity becomes rapidly dominated by the contribution to the optical response of the fast-thermalized free electrons (4s-band) with energy largely above the Fermi energy level. In these conditions, the reflectivity decreases for all pulse durations enhancing laser energy coupling and larger optical absorption at the surface of nickel. The optical response of nickel under ultrashort (15-100 fs) irradiation is thus fully elucidated on a wide range of fluence (0.3 $F_{th}$ - 30 $F_{th}$) and for pulse duration down to few-optical-cycle pulse duration. As a key parameter for benchmarking laser-matter interaction in poorly known conditions yet, the evolution of the effective electron collision rate is determined as a function of fluence and pulse duration in very good consistency with experiments.
title: Cómo construir un Fantoma para punción guiada con ecografía: una manera fácil y divertida de adquirir habilidades básicas.
Creators: name: Cabeza Carreto, Arturo
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Puncture

description: Objetivos
Material y método
Resultados
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivos:
La ecografía y las técnicas ecodirigidas son una herramienta básica en el mundo de la radiología. Los procedimientos más habituales incluyen biopsias,
drenajes e inyecciones percutáneas.
Las biopsias pueden realizarse usando técnicas de...
Reaction-diffusive dynamics of number-conserving dissipative quantum state preparation
Creators: name: Nosov, P. A.
name: Shapiro, D. S.
name: Goldstein, M.
name: Burmistrov, I. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of dissipation for the controlled creation of nontrivial quantum many-body correlated states is of much fundamental and practical interest. What is the result of imposing number conservation, which, in closed system, gives rise to diffusive spreading? We investigate this question for a paradigmatic model of a two-band system, with dissipative dynamics aiming to empty one band and to populate the other, which had been introduced before for the dissipative stabilization of topological states. Going beyond the mean-field treatment of the dissipative dynamics, we demonstrate the emergence of a diffusive regime for the particle and hole density modes at intermediate length- and time-scales, which, interestingly, can only be excited in nonlinear response to external fields. We also identify processes that limit the diffusive behavior of this mode at the longest length- and time-scales. Strikingly, we find that these processes lead to a reaction-diffusion dynamics governed by the Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piskunov equation, making the designed dark state unstable towards a state with a finite particle and hole density.
description: 25 pages, 11 figures
How to define physical properties of unstable particles
Creators: name: Gegelia, J.
name: Scherer, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of effective quantum field theory we address the definition of physical quantities characterizing unstable particles. With the aid of a one-loop calculation, we study this issue in terms of the charge and the magnetic moment of a spin-1/2 resonance. By appealing to the invariance of physical observables under field redefinitions we demonstrate that physical properties of unstable particles should be extracted from the residues at complex (double) poles of the corresponding S-matrix.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, REVTeX 4
title: Resonancia Magnética Cardiaca bases físicas: la imagen del movimiento.
Creators: name: Azcón, Francisco
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Education
subject: MR
subject: Cardiac

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
El radiólogo se encuentra familiarizado con la obtención de imágenes RM en diversas localizaciones anatómicas,
todas ellas con el denominador común de ser adquisiciones estáticas.
La imágen cardiaca resulta sin embargo desconocida,
siendo...
Mapping quantum geometry and quantum phase transitions to real space by a fidelity marker
Creators: name: de Sousa, Matheus S. M.
name: Cruz, Antonio L.
name: Chen, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum geometry in the momentum space of semiconductors and insulators, described by the quantum metric of the valence band Bloch state, has been an intriguing issue owing to its connection to various material properties. Because the Brillouin zone is periodic, the integration of quantum metric over momentum space represents an average distance between neighboring Bloch states, of which we call the fidelity number. We show that this number can further be expressed in real space as a fidelity marker, which is a local quantity that can be calculated directly from diagonalizing the lattice Hamiltonian. A linear response theory is further introduced to generalize the fidelity number and marker to finite temperature, and moreover demonstrates that they can be measured from the global and local optical absorption power against linearly polarized light. In particular, the fidelity number spectral function in 2D systems can be easily measured from the opacity of the material. Based on the divergence of quantum metric, a nonlocal fidelity marker is further introduced and postulated as a universal indicator of any quantum phase transitions provided the crystalline momentum remains a good quantum number, and it may be interpreted as a Wannier state correlation function. The ubiquity of these concepts is demonstrated for a variety of topological insulators and topological phase transitions in different dimensions.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
ИНВЕСТИЦИИ В ESG: РАСТУЩИЙ ИНТЕРЕС И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ
Creators: name: Омонова, Дурдона
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: В последние годы инвестиции в ESG (экологические, социальные и управленческие аспекты) привлекают все большее внимание как со стороны институциональных, так и частных инвесторов. Эта статья рассматривает основные тенденции и факторы, способствующие росту интереса к ESG-инвестициям, а также их влияние на рынок и будущее устойчивого развития. Анализируются преимущества и вызовы, стоящие перед инвесторами, рассматривается влияние ESG-инициатив на корпоративные стратегии и долгосрочные результаты.
Achievement of Alternative Configurations of Vehicles on Multiple Lanes
Creators: name: Nishi, Ryosuke
name: Miki, Hiroshi
name: Tomoeda, Akiyasu
name: Nishinari, Katsuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heavy traffic congestion daily occurs at merging sections on highway. For releasing this congestion, possibility of alternative configuration of vehicles on multiple-lane road is discussed in this paper. This is the configuration where no vehicles move aside on the other lane. It has a merit in making smooth merging at an intersection or a junction due to so-called the "zipper effect". We show, by developing a cellular automaton model for multiple lanes, that this configuration is achieved by simple local interactions between vehicles neighboring each other. The degree of the alternative configuration in terms of the spatial increase of parallel driving length is studied by using both numerical simulations and mean field theory. We successfully construct a theoretical method for calculating this degree of the alternative configuration by using cluster approximation. It is shown that the theoretical results coincide with those of the simulations very well.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures submitted for publication
Mean-Field Control based Approximation of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning in Presence of a Non-decomposable Shared Global State
Creators: name: Mondal, Washim Uddin
name: Aggarwal, Vaneet
name: Ukkusuri, Satish V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mean Field Control (MFC) is a powerful approximation tool to solve large-scale Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) problems. However, the success of MFC relies on the presumption that given the local states and actions of all the agents, the next (local) states of the agents evolve conditionally independent of each other. Here we demonstrate that even in a MARL setting where agents share a common global state in addition to their local states evolving conditionally independently (thus introducing a correlation between the state transition processes of individual agents), the MFC can still be applied as a good approximation tool. The global state is assumed to be non-decomposable i.e., it cannot be expressed as a collection of local states of the agents. We compute the approximation error as $\mathcal{O}(e)$ where $e=\frac{1}{\sqrt{N}}\left[\sqrt{|\mathcal{X}|} +\sqrt{|\mathcal{U}|}\right]$. The size of the agent population is denoted by the term $N$, and $|\mathcal{X}|, |\mathcal{U}|$ respectively indicate the sizes of (local) state and action spaces of individual agents. The approximation error is found to be independent of the size of the shared global state space. We further demonstrate that in a special case if the reward and state transition functions are independent of the action distribution of the population, then the error can be improved to $e=\frac{\sqrt{|\mathcal{X}|}}{\sqrt{N}}$. Finally, we devise a Natural Policy Gradient based algorithm that solves the MFC problem with $\mathcal{O}(ε^{-3})$ sample complexity and obtains a policy that is within $\mathcal{O}(\max\{e,ε\})$ error of the optimal MARL policy for any $ε>0$.
Spin-filtering effect in the transport through a single-molecule magnet Mn$_{12}$ bridged between metallic electrodes
Creators: name: Barraza-Lopez, Salvador
name: Park, Kyungwha
name: García-Suárez, Víctor
name: Ferrer, Jaime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic transport through a single-molecule magnet Mn$_{12}$ in a two-terminal set up is calculated using the non-equilibrium Green's function method in conjunction with density-functional theory. A single-molecule magnet Mn$_{12}$ is bridged between Au(111) electrodes via thiol group and alkane chains such that its magnetic easy axis is normal to the transport direction. A computed spin-polarized transmission coefficient in zero-bias reveals that resonant tunneling near the Fermi level occurs through some molecular orbitals of majority spin only. Thus, for low bias voltages, a spin-filtering effect such as only one spin component contributing to the conductance, is expected. This effect would persist even with inclusion of additional electron correlations.
description: Accepted for publication at J. Appl. Phys
Extragalactic CS survey
Creators: name: Bayet, E.
name: Aladro, R.
name: Martin, S.
name: Viti, S.
name: Martin-Pintado, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a coherent and homogeneous multi-line study of the CS molecule in nearby (D$
description: 17 pages, 16 figures, 3 tables, Accepted to ApJ
Using comparative genomic hybridization to survey genomic sequence divergence across species: A proof-of-concept from Drosophila
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Animals
Base Sequence
Comparative Genomic Hybridization
Drosophila
Drosophila melanogaster
Genome
Microarray Analysis

description: Background: Genome-wide analysis of sequence divergence among species offers profound insights into the evolutionary processes that shape lineages. When full-genome sequencing is not feasible for a broad comparative study, we propose the use of array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) in order to identify orthologous genes with high sequence divergence. Here we discuss experimental design, statistical power, success rate, sources of variation and potential confounding factors. We used a spotted PCR product microarray platform from Drosophila melanogaster to assess sequence divergence on a gene-by-gene basis in three fully sequenced heterologous species (D. sechellia, D. simulans, and D. yakuba). Because complete genome assemblies are available for these species this study presents a powerful test for the use of aCGH as a tool to measure sequence divergence.Results: We found a consistent and linear relationship between hybridization ratio and sequence divergence of the sample to the platform species. At higher levels of sequence divergence (< 92% sequence identity to D. melanogaster) ~84% of features had significantly less hybridization to the array in the heterologous species than the platform species, and thus could be identified as "diverged". At lower levels of divergence (≥ 97% identity), only 13% of genes were identified as diverged. While ~40% of the variation in hybridization ratio can be accounted for by variation in sequence identity of the heterologous sample relative to D. melanogaster, other individual characteristics of the DNA sequences, such as GC content, also contribute to variation in hybridization ratio, as does technical variation.Conclusions: Here we demonstrate that aCGH can accurately be used as a proxy to estimate genome-wide divergence, thus providing an efficient way to evaluate how evolutionary processes and genomic architecture can shape species diversity in non-model systems. Given the increased number of species for which microarray platforms are available, comparative studies can be conducted for many interesting lineages in order to identify highly diverged genes that may be the target of natural selection. © 2010 Renn et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Advanced modelling of the Planck-LFI radiometers
Creators: name: Battaglia, P.
name: Franceschet, C.
name: Zonca, A .
name: Bersanelli, M.
name: Butler, R. C.
name: D'Arcangelo, O.
name: Davis, R. J.
name: Galeotta, S.
name: Guzzi, P.
name: Hoyland, R.
name: Hughes, N.
name: Jukkala, P.
name: Kettle, D.
name: Laaninen, M.
name: Leonardi, R.
name: Maino, D.
name: Mandolesi, N.
name: Meinhold, P.
name: Mennella, A.
name: Platania, P.
name: Terenzi, L.
name: Tuovinen, J.
name: Varis, J.
name: Villa, F.
name: Wilkinson, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) is a radiometer array covering the 30-70 GHz spectral range on-board the ESA Planck satellite, launched on May 14th, 2009 to observe the cosmic microwave background (CMB) with unprecedented precision. In this paper we describe the development and validation of a software model of the LFI pseudo-correlation receivers which enables to reproduce and predict all the main system parameters of interest as measured at each of the 44 LFI detectors. These include system total gain, noise temperature, band-pass response, non-linear response. The LFI Advanced RF Model (LARFM) has been constructed by using commercial software tools and data of each radiometer component as measured at single unit level. The LARFM has been successfully used to reproduce the LFI behavior observed during the LFI ground-test campaign. The model is an essential element in the database of LFI data processing center and will be available for any detailed study of radiometer behaviour during the survey.
description: 21 pages, 15 figures, this paper is part of the Prelaunch status LFI papers published on JINST: http://www.iop.org/EJ/journal/-page=extra.proc5/jinst
ODIL YOQUBOVNING "OQ QUSHLAR OPPOQ QUSHLAR ASARIDA QO'LLANILGAN BADIIY SO'ZLAR"
Creators: name: Zarpullayeva, Mohira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Atoqli o'zbek yozuvchisi. O'zining haqparvar, siyosatga, badiiylikka boy asarlari bilan ko'plab muxlislarini yaratgan adib Odil Yoqubovning deyarli barcha asarlarida oddiy xalq va yuqori lavozim egalari, adolat va adolatsizlik, sadqat va xiyonat kabi bir biriga zid keluvchi tomonlarning oxir-oqibat haqiqat yo'liga kelib bog'lanishi asosiy mavzu bo'lib kuylanaveradi. Istedodli yozuvchi asarni yozish davomida, kitobxonga yanada aniqroq, yanada tasavvurlariga jonlilik baxsh etish, voqealar rivojini kuchli his-hayajon bilan, sabrsizlik bilan o'qib kuzatib borishi uchun ajoyib usullardan foydalanadi. Jumladan uning "Oq qushlar oppoq qushlar" asari ham yuqorida aytib o'tilgan sifatlarga boyligi va ayniqsa unda keng foydalanilgan badiiy bo'yoqlar, omonim, sinonimlar va badiiy asarlarga xos jilolanuvchi so'zlar, ijodiy rang-tasvir, ma'no ko'chishining ajoyib turlari, metafora, metanomiya, snekdoxa, vazifadoshlik, maqol va matallar keng o'rin olgan. Bu esa asar mazmuniga o'zgacha ijobiy ta'sir o'tkazib, fikr- mulohazalarni, aynan ochib berilmoqchi bo'lgan maqsadni yanada oydinlashtiradi, kitobxon xulosasini teranlashtiradi.
Characterisation of chaos in meteoroid streams. Application to the Geminids
Creators: name: Courtot, Ariane
name: Vaubaillon, Jérémie
name: Fouchard, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamically linking a meteor shower with its parent body can be challenging. This is in part due to the limits of the tools available today (such as D-criteria) but is also due to the complex dynamics of meteoroid streams. We choose a method to study chaos in meteoroid streams and apply it to the Geminid meteoroid stream. We decided to draw chaos maps. Amongst the chaos indicators we studied, we show that the orthogonal fast Lyapunov indicator is particularly well suited to our problem. The maps are drawn for three bin sizes, ranging from $10^{-1}$ to $10^{-4}$ m. We show the influence of mean-motion resonances with the Earth and with Venus, which tend to trap the largest particles. The chaos maps present three distinct regimes in eccentricity, reflecting close encounters with the planets. We also study the effect of non-gravitational forces. We determine a first approximation of the particle size $r_{lim}$ needed to counterbalance the resonances with the diffusion due to the non-gravitational forces. We find that, for the Geminids, $r_{lim}$ lies in the range $[3;8]\times 10^{-4}$ m. However, $r_{lim}$ depends on the orbital phase space.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures, Published in A&A
Perception of cognitive distance : effects of physical environment on the perception
Creators: name: Murata, Kazuyjuki
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The lack of knowledge concerning the relationships between the physical environment and people's behavior was discussed in relation to the inadequacy of today's architectural programming. Possible applications of man-environment studies were suggested. Nature of the environmental information was analyzed, and a term 'cognitive distance' was defined. Essential variables that affect the construction of the mental map and the perception of distance were derived primarily from previous studies. The city of Vancouver was analyzed utilizing methods originated by K. Lynch, and a survey was conducted in the city to examine relations between the various variables and the perception of distance. The type of the distance examined was 'inward (toward downtown)’, 'ego-centric', and urban scale(4 mile) 'cognitive distance'. Results: Following four variables seemed to have effects on the perception of distance; sex, age, mode of transportation, and the score on 'Thing-orientation scale'. Male tended to be more accurate in their estimations (or to estimate the particular distance of 4 mile as being shifter) than female Ss. Ss aged over 20, or car drivers, or Ss with higher T-scores were also more accurate than younger Ss, or bus riders or car passengers, or Ss with lower T-scores, respectively. Concerning the possible effects on perception by physical variables, our results were unclear mainly due to the differing characteristics of the Ss at the four locations. Implications of results were discussed.
Multistep traffic speed prediction: A deep learning based approach using latent space mapping considering spatio-temporal dependencies
Creators: name: Modi, Shatrughan
name: Bhattacharya, Jhilik
name: Basak, Prasenjit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Traffic management in a city has become a major problem due to the increasing number of vehicles on roads. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) can help the city traffic managers to tackle the problem by providing accurate traffic forecasts. For this, ITS requires a reliable traffic prediction algorithm that can provide accurate traffic prediction at multiple time steps based on past and current traffic data. In recent years, a number of different methods for traffic prediction have been proposed which have proved their effectiveness in terms of accuracy. However, most of these methods have either considered spatial information or temporal information only and overlooked the effect of other. In this paper, to address the above problem a deep learning based approach has been developed using both the spatial and temporal dependencies. To consider spatio-temporal dependencies, nearby road sensors at a particular instant are selected based on the attributes like traffic similarity and distance. Two pre-trained deep auto-encoders were cross-connected using the concept of latent space mapping and the resultant model was trained using the traffic data from the selected nearby sensors as input. The proposed deep learning based approach was trained using the real-world traffic data collected from loop detector sensors installed on different highways of Los Angeles and Bay Area. The traffic data is freely available from the web portal of the California Department of Transportation Performance Measurement System (PeMS). The effectiveness of the proposed approach was verified by comparing it with a number of machine/deep learning approaches. It has been found that the proposed approach provides accurate traffic prediction results even for 60-min ahead prediction with least error than other techniques.
Macroscopic signature of protected spins in a dense frustrated magnet
Creators: name: Ghosh, S.
name: Rosenbaum, T. F.
name: Aeppli, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inability of systems of interacting objects to satisfy all constraints simultaneously leads to frustration. A particularly important consequence of frustration is the ability to access certain protected parts of a system without disturbing the others. For magnets such "protectorates" have been inferred from theory and from neutron scattering, but their practical consequences have been unclear. We show that a magnetic analogue of optical hole-burning can address these protected spin clusters in a well-known, geometrically frustrated Heisenberg system, gadolinium gallium garnet. Our measurements additionally provide a resolution of a famous discrepancy between the bulk magnetometry and neutron diffraction results for this magnetic compound.
ARRALI JIN MASHINASIDAGI ARRALAR ARO QISTIRMALARINI TASNIFLASHDA, UNDAGI OLIB BORILGAN TADQIQOTLARNI O'RGANISH
Creators: name: Mamajonov, Zafar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada mavjud arrali jin mashinasidagi afzalliklar, unung imkoniyatlari, kamchiliklari hamda undagi arralararo qistirmalari muvizanatlari o’rganilgan.
Barcoding of arrow worms (Phylum Chaetognatha) from three oceans: Genetic diversity and evolution within an enigmatic phylum
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Animals
Biological Evolution
DNA, Mitochondrial
Electron Transport Complex IV
Electronic Data Processing
Genetic Variation
Oceans and Seas
Plankton

description: Arrow worms (Phylum Chaetognatha) are abundant planktonic organisms and important predators in many food webs; yet, the classification and evolutionary relationships among chaetognath species remain poorly understood. A seemingly simple body plan is underlain by subtle variation in morphological details, obscuring the affinities of species within the phylum. Many species achieve near global distributions, spanning the same latitudinal bands in all ocean basins, while others present disjunct ranges, in some cases with the same species apparently found at both poles. To better understand how these complex evolutionary and geographic variables are reflected in the species makeup of chaetognaths, we analyze DNA barcodes of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) gene, from 52 specimens of 14 species of chaetognaths collected mainly from the Atlantic Ocean. Barcoding analysis was highly successful at discriminating described species of chaetognaths across the phylum, and revealed little geographical structure. This barcode analysis reveals hitherto unseen genetic variation among species of arrow worms, and provides insight into some species relationships of this enigmatic group © 2010 Jennings et al.
Ausgaben für Elementarbildung und Kinderbetreuung in Österreich
Creators: name: Baierl, Andreas
name: Kaindl, Markus
Publisher: name: University of Vienna. Project: Family Studies in Austria
Year: 2021
Subjects: Kinderbetreuung
Österreich
öffentliche Ausgaben

description: Die Ausgaben der öffentlichen Hand für Kindergärten, Krippen, Horte und Altersgemischte Gruppen stiegen zwischen 2008 und 2017 von € 1,46 auf € 2,61 Mrd. (+ 79,4 %). In einer Aktualisierung des ÖIF-Working Papers „Kosten der Kinderbetreuung“ aus dem Jahr 2010 analysiert der Bericht Unterschiede zwischen Betreuungsformen und Bundesländern. Die Ausgabenentwicklung wird in Bezug zu relevanten Hintergrunddaten wie der Bevölkerungsentwicklung gesetzt, um Erklärungsansätze für unterschiedliche Ausgabenniveaus zu liefern.
Low-energy hole subband dispersions in a cylindrical Ge nanowire: the effects of the nanowire growth direction
Creators: name: Li, Rui
name: Li, Zi-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the validity of the spherical approximation $γ_{s}=(2γ_{2}+3γ_{3})/5$ in the Luttinger-Kohn Hamiltonian in calculating the subband dispersions of the hole gas. We calculate the realistic hole subband dispersions (without the spherical approximation) in a cylindrical Ge nanowire by using quasi-degenerate perturbation theory. The realistic low-energy hole subband dispersions have a double-well anticrossing structure, that consists with the spherical approximation prediction. However, the realistic subband dispersions are also nanowire growth direction dependent. When the nanowire growth direction is restricted in the (100) crystal plane, the detailed growth direction dependences of the subband parameters are given. We find the spherical approximation is good approximation, it can nicely reproduce the real result in some special growth directions.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
On the diversity of malaria parasites in African apes and the origin of Plasmodium falciparum from bonobos
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Animals
Genes, Protozoan
Humans
Malaria, Falciparum
Pan paniscus
Pan troglodytes
Phylogeny
Plasmodium falciparum
Polymerase Chain Reaction

description: The origin of Plasmodium falciparum, the etiological agent of the most dangerous forms of human malaria, remains controversial. Although investigations of homologous parasites in African Apes are crucial to resolve this issue, studies have been restricted to a chimpanzee parasite related to P. falciparum, P. reichenowi, for which a single isolate was available until very recently. Using PCR amplification, we detected Plasmodium parasites in blood samples from 18 of 91 individuals of the genus Pan, including six chimpanzees (three Pan troglodytes troglodytes, three Pan t. schweinfurthii) and twelve bonobos (Pan paniscus). We obtained sequences of the parasites' mitochondrial genomes and/or from two nuclear genes from 14 samples. In addition to P. reichenowi, three other hitherto unknown lineages were found in the chimpanzees. One is related to P. vivax and two to P. falciparum that are likely to belong to distinct species. In the bonobos we found P. falciparum parasites whose mitochondrial genomes indicated that they were distinct from those present in humans, and another parasite lineage related to P. malariae. Phylogenetic analyses based on this diverse set of Plasmodium parasites in African Apes shed new light on the evolutionary history of P. falciparum. The data suggested that P. falciparum did not originate from P. reichenowi of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), but rather evolved in bonobos (Pan paniscus), from which it subsequently colonized humans by a host-switch. Finally, our data and that of others indicated that chimpanzees and bonobos maintain malaria parasites, to which humans are susceptible, a factor of some relevance to the renewed efforts to eradicate malaria.
Marriage is a Peach and a Chalice: Modelling Cultural Symbolism on the SemanticWeb
Creators: name: Sartini, Bruno
name: van Erp, Marieke
name: Gangemi, Aldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we fill the gap in the Semantic Web in the context of Cultural Symbolism. Building upon earlier work in, we introduce the Simulation Ontology, an ontology that models the background knowledge of symbolic meanings, developed by combining the concepts taken from the authoritative theory of Simulacra and Simulations of Jean Baudrillard with symbolic structures and content taken from "Symbolism: a Comprehensive Dictionary" by Steven Olderr. We re-engineered the symbolic knowledge already present in heterogeneous resources by converting it into our ontology schema to create HyperReal, the first knowledge graph completely dedicated to cultural symbolism. A first experiment run on the knowledge graph is presented to show the potential of quantitative research on symbolism.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Structure and local charging of electromigrated Au nanocontacts
Creators: name: Arnold, Daniel
name: Marz, Michael
name: Schneider, Sebastian
name: Hoffmann-Vogel, Regina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the structure and the electronic properties of Au nanocontacts created by controlled electromigration of thin film devices, a method frequently used to contact molecules. In contrast to electromigration testing, a current is applied in a cyclic fashion and during each cycle the resistance increase of the metal upon heating is used to avoid thermal runaway. In this way, nanometer sized-gaps are obtained. The thin film devices with an optimized structure at the origin of the electromigration process are made by shadow evaporation without contamination by organic materials. Defining rounded edges and a thinner area in the center of the device allow to pre-determine the location where the electromigration takes place. Scanning force microscopy images of the pristine Au film and electromigrated contact show its grainy structure. Through electromigration, a $1.5 \,μ$m-wide slit is formed, with extensions only on the anode side that had previously not been observed in narrower structures. It is discussed whether this could be explained by asymmetric heating of both electrodes. New grains are formed in the slit and on the extensions on both, the anode and the cathode side. The smaller structures inside the slit lead to an electrode distance below 150 nm. Kelvin probe force microscopy images show a local work function difference with fluctuations of $70$ mV on the metal before electromigration. Between the electrodes, disconnected through electromigration, a work function difference of $3.2$ V is observed due to local charging from contact to the tip. Some of the grains newly formed by electromigration are electrically disconnected from the electrodes.
description: 7 pages
Female teachers' math anxiety affects girls' math achievement
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2010
Subjects: education
mathematics
gender
stereotype
modeling

description: People's fear and anxiety about doing math - over and above actual math ability - can be an impediment to their math achievement. We show that when the math-anxious individuals are female elementary school teachers, their math anxiety carries negative consequences for the math achievement of their female students. Early elementary school teachers in the United States are almost exclusively female (>90%), and we provide evidence that these female teachers' anxieties relate to girls' math achievement via girls' beliefs about who is good at math. First- and second-grade female teachers completed measures of math anxiety. The math achievement of the students in these teachers' classrooms was also assessed. There was no relation between a teacher's math anxiety and her students' math achievement at the beginning of the school year. By the school year's end, however, the more anxious teachers were about math, the more likely girls (but not boys) were to endorse the commonly held stereotype that "boys are good at math, and girls are good at reading" and the lower these girls' math achievement. Indeed, by the end of the school year, girls who endorsed this stereotype had significantly worse math achievement than girls who did not and than boys overall. In early elementary school, where the teachers are almost all female, teachers' math anxiety carries consequences for girls' math achievement by influencing girls' beliefs about who is good at math.
Artificial Intelligence-based Early Pushing Detection in Live Video Streams of Crowds
Creators: name: Alia, Ahmed
name: Maree, moahammed
name: Chraibi, Mohcine
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2023

description: 2023 the 3rd International Conference on Computers and Automation, CompAuto 2023, Paris, Wuppertal University, France, 7 Dec 2023 - 9 Dec 2023
description: Entrances of crowded events are often set up as bottlenecks for several reasons, such as access control, ticket validation, or security check. In these scenarios, some pedestrians could start pushing others or using gaps among crowds to reduce their waiting time. Such behavior doesn’t only limit the comfort zones but also leads to threatening people’s safety. Early detection of pushing behavior may assist security and organizers in making decisions on time, enhancing the comfort and safety of the entrances. Unfortunately, existing works reported in the literature to detect pushing in crowds are limited and have not satisfied the early detection requirements. For instance, Lügering et al. [1] developed a manual rating system to understand when, where and why pushing appears in video recordings of crowded entrance areas. To overcome the limitations of manual analysis, Alia et al. [2] proposed an automatic deep-learning system for pushing detection. However, this system does not meet the requirements of early detection. To fulfill the early detection requirements, we present an Artificial Intelligence framework for automatically identifying pushing in the live camera stream in real-time. Our framework consists of two main components: The first component uses a pretrained deep optical flow model and color wheel method to extract the movement of pixels from the live stream of a crowd and represent this information visually. The second component includes an adapted and trained EfficientNetV2B0 model, which extracts deep features from the motion information, and then identifies and annotates pushing patches within the live stream. We created a labeled dataset using five real-world experiments [3] with their associated ground truths to train the adapted model and evaluate the framework. The experimental setups mimic the crowded event entrances, and two experts based on the manual rating system [1] created the ground truths. According to the experimental results, our framework identified pushing patches with an accuracy of 87% and within a reasonable delay time. --- References: [1] Üsten, E., Lügering, H. & Sieben, A., Pushing and Non-pushing Forward Motion in Crowds: A Systematic Psychological Observation Method for Rating Individual Behavior in Pedestrian Dynamics, Collective Dynamics, 7 pp. 1-16, 2022. --- [2] Alia, A., Maree, M. & Chraibi, M. A Hybrid Deep Learning and Visualization Framework for Pushing Behavior Detection in Pedestrian Dynamics, Sensors, 22, 4040, 2022. ---[3] Pedestrian Dynamics Data Archive hosted by the Forschungszentrum Jülich, P. Crowds in front of bottlenecks from the perspective of physics and social psychology, 2018.
Development of oil spill detection techniques for satellite optical sensors and their application to monitor oil spill discharge in Mediterranean sea
Creators: name: Pisano, Andrea <1977>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: GEO/12 Oceanografia e fisica dell'atmosfera

description: Satellite remote sensing has proved to be an effective support in timely detection and monitoring of marine oil pollution, mainly due to illegal ship discharges. In this context, we have developed a new methodology and technique for optical oil spill detection, which make use of MODIS L2 and MERIS L1B satellite top of atmosphere (TOA) reflectance imagery, for the first time in a highly automated way. The main idea was combining wide swaths and short revisit times of optical sensors with SAR observations, generally used in oil spill monitoring. This arises from the necessity to overcome the SAR reduced coverage and long revisit time of the monitoring area. This can be done now, given the MODIS and MERIS higher spatial resolution with respect to older sensors (250-300 m vs. 1 km), which consents the identification of smaller spills deriving from illicit discharge at sea. The procedure to obtain identifiable spills in optical reflectance images involves removal of oceanic and atmospheric natural variability, in order to enhance oil-water contrast; image clustering, which purpose is to segment the oil spill eventually presents in the image; finally, the application of a set of criteria for the elimination of those features which look like spills (look-alikes). The final result is a classification of oil spill candidate regions by means of a score based on the above criteria.
description: Oil Spill Detection, MODIS, MERIS, Destriping, Clustering, Feature extraction; Classification
Measurement of low pT D0 meson production cross section at CDF II
Creators: name: Mussini, Manuel <1978>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: FIS/04 Fisica nucleare e subnucleare

description: In this thesis we present a study of the D0 meson (through one of its two-body decay channel, D0 → Kπ) collected by the CDF II experiment at the Tevatron pp ̄ collider at Fermilab. In particular we measured the differential production cross section as a function of the transverse momentum down to pT = 1.5 GeV/c.
Entanglement gap in 1D long-range quantum spherical models
Creators: name: Wald, Sascha
name: Arias, Raul
name: Alba, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the finite-size scaling of the entanglement gap in the one dimensional long-range quantum spherical model (QSM). We focus on the weak long-range QSM, for which the thermodynamic limit is well-defined. This model exhibits a continuous phase transition, separating a paramagnetic from a ferromagnet phase. The universality class of the transition depends on the long-range exponent $α$. We show that in the thermodynamic limit the entanglement gap is finite in the paramagnetic phase, and it vanishes in the ferromagnetic phase. In the ferromagnetic phase the entanglement gap is understood in terms of standard magnetic correlation functions. The entanglement gap decays as $δξ\simeq C_αL^{-(1/2-α/4)}$, where the constant $C_α$ depends on the low-energy properties of the model. This reflects that the lower part of the dispersion is affected by the long range physics. Finally, multiplicative logarithmic corrections are absent in the scaling of the entanglement gap, in contrast with the higher-dimensional case.
description: 35 pages, 4 appendices, 7+3 figures. Minor modifications. Added one figure. Similar to published version
Rhythmic dynamics and synchronization via dimensionality reduction: Application to human gait
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Ankle
Biomechanical Phenomena
Computational Biology
Gait
Humans
Knee
Models, Biological
Walking

description: Reliable characterization of locomotor dynamics of human walking is vital to understanding the neuromuscular control of human locomotion and disease diagnosis. However, the inherent oscillation and ubiquity of noise in such non-strictly periodic signals pose great challenges to current methodologies. To this end, we exploit the state-of-the-art technology in pattern recognition and, specifically, dimensionality reduction techniques, and propose to reconstruct and characterize the dynamics accurately on the cycle scale of the signal. This is achieved by deriving a low-dimensional representation of the cycles through global optimization, which effectively preserves the topology of the cycles that are embedded in a highdimensional Euclidian space. Our approach demonstrates a clear advantage in capturing the intrinsic dynamics and probing the subtle synchronization patterns from uni/bivariate oscillatory signals over traditional methods. Application to human gait data for healthy subjects and diabetics reveals a significant difference in the dynamics of ankle movements and ankleknee coordination, but not in knee movements. These results indicate that the impaired sensory feedback from the feet due to diabetes does not influence the knee movement in general, and that normal human walking is not critically dependent on the feedback from the peripheral nervous system.
Velocimetry in rapidly rotating convection: spatial correlations, flow structures and length scales
Creators: name: Madonia, Matteo
name: Guzmán, Andrés J. Aguirre
name: Clercx, Herman J. H.
name: Kunnen, Rudie P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rotating Rayleigh--Bénard convection is an oft-employed model system to evaluate the interplay of buoyant forcing and Coriolis forces due to rotation, an eminently relevant interaction of dynamical effects found in many geophysical and astrophysical flows. These flows display extreme values of the governing parameters: large Rayleigh numbers $Ra$, quantifying the strength of thermal forcing, and small Ekman numbers $E$, a parameter inversely proportional to the rotation rate. This leads to the dominant geostrophic balance of forces in the flow between pressure gradient and Coriolis force. The so-called geostrophic regime of rotating convection is difficult to study with laboratory experiments and numerical simulations given the requirements to attain simultaneously large $Ra$ values and small values of $E$. Here, we use flow measurements using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry in a large-scale rotating convection apparatus in a horizontal plane at mid-height to study the rich flow phenomenology of the geostrophic regime of rotating convection. We quantify the horizontal length scales of the flow using spatial correlations of vertical velocity and vertical vorticity, reproducing features of the convective Taylor columns and plumes flow states both part of the geostrophic regime. Additionally, we find in this horizontal plane an organisation into a quadrupolar vortex at higher Rayleigh numbers starting from the plumes state.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures