cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Different Estimations for Dynamic Panel Data Models
Creators: name: Harris, Mark N.
name: Matyas, Laszlo
name: Harris, Mark N.
name: Matyas, Laszlo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: It has become increasingly obvious that the estimation of dynamic panel data models has become one of the major issues in recent econometric research as evidenced by the plethora of papers on the subject. It is well known that the usual techniques for estimating panel data models are inconsistent in the dynamic setting. However, numerous consistent estimators have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, two new estimators are offered (one each for the fixed and random effects specifications), and their small sample performance compared with that of all of the existing estimators. It is hoped that the results of these experiments will provide invaluable guidance to applied researchers as to which is the preferred estimator(s). Finally, the divergences in point estimates of all of these estimators is illustrated with an application to a consumer demand schedule of laundry detergent in the metropolitan district of Melbourne, Australia.
title: The Phospholipase C Signalling System: Study of the role of the G₀ protein and identification of a novel variant of Phospholipase C β4
Creators: name: De Filippis, Lidia
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2003

description: The thesis focuses on the properties and regulation of phospholipase C β (PLC β). Studies concerning the effect of Gαo subunit on PLC activity revealed that mutationally activated Gαo inhibits PLC activity in mouse Ltk clones. The observed effect seemed to be specific of Gαo, as either wild-type Gαo or the wild-type and mutationally activated Gαil subunits were not able to affect receptor-mediated activation of PLC. Known second messengers as Ca2+ and cAMP were not involved in this inhibitory process since they were not able to mimic or prevent the Gαo effect on PLC. Transient transfection experiments in COS7 cells did not reproduce the same results; therefore, either a direct or an indirect mechanism of PLC activity regulation by Gαo remain feasible hypothesis. The thesis also presents results concerning the identification of a novel C-terminal variant of PLC β4 (PLC β4c), that has a 37-nucleotide insertion which results in replacement of 22 aminoacid residues at the carboxyl terminal tail of PLC β4a with 41 unique residues. RT-PCR and Western Blot experiments did show that, in contrast with the known enzyme (PLC β4c) detectable only in brain, PLC β4c is present in several tissues and cell lines. Expression of full-length cDNAs in COS7 cells revealed that the two forms of PLC β are associated with the particulate fraction and equally responsive to G protein subunits. However, the different carboxyl terminal tails of PLC β4 isoforms may allow for differential targeting and subcellular localization, contributing to regulation of PLC β4 - mediated specific pathways. Even the presence of a PDZ domain binding sequence in PLC β4a but not in PLC β4c suggests functional differences between the two variants.
Additional file 1 of Measuring fear evoked by the scariest animal: Czech versions of the Spider Questionnaire and Spider Phobia Beliefs Questionnaire
Creators: name: Polák, Jakub
name: Sedláčková, Kristýna
name: Janovcová, Markéta
name: Peléšková, Šárka
name: Flegr, Jaroslav
name: Vobrubová, Barbora
name: Frynta, Daniel
name: Landová, Eva
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1. Word document - detailed results of Phase 1.
How does the chromatin fiber deal with topological constraints?
Creators: name: Barbi, Maria
name: Mozziconacci, Julien
name: Victor, Jean-Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the nuclei of eukaryotic cells, DNA is packaged through several levels of compaction in an orderly retrievable way that enables the correct regulation of gene expression. The functional dynamics of this assembly involves the unwinding of the so-called 30 nm chromatin fiber and accordingly imposes strong topological constraints. We present a general method for computing both the twist and the writhe of any winding pattern. An explicit derivation is implemented for the chromatin fiber which provides the linking number of DNA in eukaryotic chromosomes. We show that there exists one and only one unwinding path which satisfies both topological and mechanical constraints that DNA has to deal with during condensation/decondensation processes.
description: Presented in Nature "News and views in brief" Vol. 429 (13 May 2004). Movies available at http://www.lptl.jussieu.fr/recherche/operationE_fichiers/Page_figurePRL.html
Current inversion in a periodically driven two-dimensional Brownian ratchet
Creators: name: Strand, Nils E.
name: Fu, Rueih-Sheng
name: Gingrich, Todd R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well-known that Brownian ratchets can exhibit current reversals, wherein the sign of the current switches as a function of the driving frequency. We introduce a spatial discretization of such a two-dimensional Brownian ratchet to enable spectral methods that efficiently compute those currents. These discrete-space models provide a convenient way to study the Markovian dynamics conditioned upon generating particular values of the currents. By studying such conditioned processes, we demonstrate that low-frequency negative values of current arise from typical events and high-frequency positive values of current arises from rare events. We demonstrate how these observations can inform the sculpting of time-dependent potential landscapes with a specific frequency response.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Using the EM Algorithm with Complete, but Scrambled, Data
Creators: name: Kalb, Guyonne
name: Kalb, Guyonne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Consider two sets of records from the same survey. One preserves full detail about a few questions under focus (on labour supply), but contains almost no other variables. The other set contains very little information about the question of interest, but has complete information on the remaining variables. Unfortunately, the key that would allow the two sets to be matched is not available. However, the structure of the record sets does allow a partial matahing. In order to extract the maximum amount of information about the question of interest, the use of statistical inference is required. In this paper the EM algorithm, which has been used successfully with censored and incomplete data sets, is adapted to the problem of scrambled data. The performance of the method is assayed using an artificially constructed data set. The relevance of the results for a real world labour market problem is explored.
Three decades of globalisation : which countries won, which lost?
Creators: name: Gunter, Bernhard
name: Wilcher, Britni
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The world average exports-to-GDP ratio increased from 17% in 1985 to 27% in 2015. Hence, world exports have grown much faster than world GDP. However, despite this overall trade integration, which is a key aspect of globalisation, the exports-to-GDP ratios have declined for 29 of the 118 countries with such data from 1985 to 2015. Some countries have been driving globalisation, while others have become marginalised. This paper examines three decades of globalisation to shed some light upon which countries might be considered winners and which countries might be considered losers of globalisation. After summarising the evolution of income and income per capita, we examine the evolution of exports and net inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI). Contradictory to previous decades, we show there are now many countries from all income groups that have either experienced marginalisation or been driving globalisation. We then use novel regression analysis to review the robustness of generally accepted drivers of globalisation and marginalisation, with education and macroeconomic stability being the two most robust determinants.
Three decades of globalisation : which countries won, which lost?
Creators: name: Gunter, Bernhard
name: Wilcher, Britni
Publisher: name: World Economy
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: The world average exports-to-GDP ratio increased from 17% in 1985 to 27% in 2015. Hence, world exports have grown much faster than world GDP. However, despite this overall trade integration, which is a key aspect of globalisation, the exports-to-GDP ratios have declined for 29 of the 118 countries with such data from 1985 to 2015. Some countries have been driving globalisation, while others have become marginalised. This paper examines three decades of globalisation to shed some light upon which countries might be considered winners and which countries might be considered losers of globalisation. After summarising the evolution of income and income per capita, we examine the evolution of exports and net inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI). Contradictory to previous decades, we show there are now many countries from all income groups that have either experienced marginalisation or been driving globalisation. We then use novel regression analysis to review the robustness of generally accepted drivers of globalisation and marginalisation, with education and macroeconomic stability being the two most robust determinants.
The notion of observable in the covariant Hamiltonian formalism for the calculus of variations with several variables
Creators: name: Helein, Frederic
name: Kouneiher, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This papers is concerned with multisymplectic formalisms which are the frameworks for Hamiltonian theories for fields theory. Our main purpose is to study the observable $(n-1)$-forms which allows one to construct observable functionals on the set of solutions of the Hamilton equations by integration. We develop here two different points of view: generalizing the law $\{p,q\} = 1$ or the law $dF/dt = \{H,F\}$. This leads to two possible definitions; we explore the relationships and the differences between these two concepts. We show that -- in contrast with the de Donder--Weyl theory -- the two definitions coincides in the Lepage--Dedecker theory.
description: 36 pages, 3 figures
Auditory processing of speech and tones in children with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Creators: name: O’Brien, Amanda M.
name: Bayet, Laurie
name: Riley, Katherine
name: Nelson, Charles A.
name: Sahin, Mustafa
name: Modi, Meera E.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Individuals with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) have atypical white matter integrity and neural connectivity in the brain, including language pathways. To explore functional activity associated with auditory and language processing in individuals with TSC, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to examine basic auditory correlates of detection (P1, N2, N4) and discrimination (mismatch negativity, MMN) of speech and non-speech stimuli for children with TSC and age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) children. Children with TSC (TSC group) and without TSC (typically developing, TD group) participated in an auditory MMN paradigm containing two blocks of vowels (/a/and/u/) and two blocks of tones (800 Hz and 400 Hz). Continuous EEG data were collected. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) was used to explore functional specificity of neural auditory processing. Speech-specific P1, N2, and N4 waveform components of the auditory evoked potential (AEP) were compared, and the mismatch response was calculated for both speech and tones. MVPA showed that the TD group, but not the TSC group, demonstrated above-chance pairwise decoding between speech and tones. The AEP component analysis suggested that while the TD group had an increased P1 amplitude in response to vowels compared to tones, the TSC group did not show this enhanced response to vowels. Additionally, the TD group had a greater N2 amplitude in response to vowels, but not tones, compared to the TSC group. The TSC group also demonstrated a longer N4 latency to vowels compared to tones, which was not seen in the TD group. No group differences were observed in the MMN response. In this study we identified features of the auditory response to speech sounds, but not acoustically matched tones, which differentiate children with TSC from TD children.
Auditory processing of speech and tones in children with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Creators: name: O’Brien, Amanda M.
name: Bayet, Laurie
name: Riley, Katherine
name: Nelson, Charles A.
name: Sahin, Mustafa
name: Modi, Meera E.
Publisher: name: Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3209
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Individuals with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) have atypical white matter integrity and neural connectivity in the brain, including language pathways. To explore functional activity associated with auditory and language processing in individuals with TSC, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to examine basic auditory correlates of detection (P1, N2, N4) and discrimination (mismatch negativity, MMN) of speech and non-speech stimuli for children with TSC and age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) children. Children with TSC (TSC group) and without TSC (typically developing, TD group) participated in an auditory MMN paradigm containing two blocks of vowels (/a/and/u/) and two blocks of tones (800 Hz and 400 Hz). Continuous EEG data were collected. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) was used to explore functional specificity of neural auditory processing. Speech-specific P1, N2, and N4 waveform components of the auditory evoked potential (AEP) were compared, and the mismatch response was calculated for both speech and tones. MVPA showed that the TD group, but not the TSC group, demonstrated above-chance pairwise decoding between speech and tones. The AEP component analysis suggested that while the TD group had an increased P1 amplitude in response to vowels compared to tones, the TSC group did not show this enhanced response to vowels. Additionally, the TD group had a greater N2 amplitude in response to vowels, but not tones, compared to the TSC group. The TSC group also demonstrated a longer N4 latency to vowels compared to tones, which was not seen in the TD group. No group differences were observed in the MMN response. In this study we identified features of the auditory response to speech sounds, but not acoustically matched tones, which differentiate children with TSC from TD children.
title: Tissue-specific differences between endothelia : expression and presentation of chemokines and their receptors
Creators: name: Hillyer, Philippa
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2003

description: The recruitment of different leukocyte subpopulations during an inflammatory response is regulated by various molecules expressed by the endothelium. This study examines how chemokine production, the expression of chemokine receptors and the binding of chemokines to the proteoglycan layer vary between endothelia from different vascular beds.
 Human dermal, lung and liver endothelia were compared with endothelia derived from saphenous and umbilical veins and with a transformed bone marrow cell line. All endothelia produced MCP-1 (CCL2) and IL-8 (CXCL8) constitutively with both these chemokines and IP-10 (CXCL10) and RANTES (CCL5) being secreted after TNF-aor IFN-y stimulation, whereas MlP-1a (CCL3) was not produced under any conditions tested. A combination of TNF-a and IFN-y stimulation increased RANTES and IP-10 production, but reduced IL-8 production. The addition of TGF-p reduced secretion of all chemokines. Differences were found in production levels of each of these chemokines depending on the tissue that the endothelial cells were derived from. MIP-1a, and RANTES bound to the cell surface of each endothelium tested at differing levels, but IP-10 bound only to lung endothelium. RANTES binding was found to be dependent on the presence of Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycan (HSPG), but MIP-1a appeared to bind via a different method. Chemokine receptors CXCR1, CXCR3 and CCR3 were expressed highly at the endothelial cell surface, with lower levels of CXCR2, CXCR4, CXCR5, OCRS and CCR6. Expression of CCR4 varied widely. Using lectins to identify specific oligosaccharides, differences in the composition of the proteoglycan layer were probed. Small variations were shown, but these cannot account for the differences in chemokine binding.
 These results demonstrate that endothelial cells could be important in the selective recruitment of leukocytes to different tissues, in particular in their expression of chemokines in response to inflammatory stimuli and their presentation of chemokines to the leukocytes In the blood stream.
Estimation of Regression Disturbances Based on Minimum Message Length
Creators: name: Laskar, Mizan R.
name: King, Maxwell L.
name: Laskar, Mizan R.
name: King, Maxwell L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper derives six different forms of message length functions for the general linear regression model. In so doing, two different prior densities and the idea of parameter orthogonality are employed. Parameter estimates are then obtained by finding those parameter values which minimize the message length. The asymptotic properties of the minimum message length (MML) estimators are studied and it is shown that these estimators are asymptotically normal. A Monte Carlo experiment was conducted to investigate the small sample properties of the MML estimators in the context of first-order moving average regression disturbances. The results show that the combination of parameter orthogonality and message length based inference can produce good small sample properties.
Demersal fish communities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, indicate partial congruence with proposed conservation biozones
Creators: name: WN Dalton
name: SN Porter
name: T-C Livingstone
name: BQ Mann
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The KwaZulu-Natal shelf, on the east coast of South Africa, is inhabited by diverse communities of demersal fishes; however, previous studies deeper than 30 m have largely investigated these with extractive techniques. Using baited remote underwater videos (BRUVs), this study quantified how depth and substrate type correlated with the composition of demersal fish communities between 35 and 100 m, and assessed whether the communities displayed congruence with three benthic biozones, which were modelled using abiotic surrogates for purposes of conservation planning: Biozone 1 (warm; coarse sediment dominant; low seafloor oxygen, phosphate and organic carbon concentrations), Biozone 2 (flat; coarse sediment dominant; high seafloor oxygen and low phosphate and organic carbon concentrations) and Biozone 3 (shallow; warm; fine sediment dominant; low seafloor oxygen and higher organic carbon concentrations). A total of 118 fish taxa were recorded from 200 BRUV deployments conducted on different substrate types. All diversity indices differed significantly among substrate types, whereas depth correlated significantly with only the number of fish species per site and Margalef’s diversity index. Multivariate analyses determined that substrate type and depth explained significant amounts of the variation in fish communities. A significant difference was also detected between the fish communities of Biozones 1 and 3, with Biozone 3 being the most distinct of the three biozones investigated. Overall congruence between fish communities and their associated biozones ranged between 41% and 45%. This suggests that, at a broad spatial scale, the demersal fish communities could be adequately represented by Biozone 3 and a second biozone comprising Biozones 1 and 2 combined.
Additional file 2 of Measuring fear evoked by the scariest animal: Czech versions of the Spider Questionnaire and Spider Phobia Beliefs Questionnaire
Creators: name: Polák, Jakub
name: Sedláčková, Kristýna
name: Janovcová, Markéta
name: Peléšková, Šárka
name: Flegr, Jaroslav
name: Vobrubová, Barbora
name: Frynta, Daniel
name: Landová, Eva
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 2. Excel data file - raw and transformed Spider Questionnaire scores with norms.
Network architecture supporting learnability
Creators: name: Zurn, Perry
name: Bassett, Danielle S.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Human learners acquire complex interconnected networks of relational knowledge. The capacity for such learning naturally depends on two factors: the architecture (or informational structure) of the knowledge network itself and the architecture of the computational unit—the brain—that encodes and processes the information. That is, learning is reliant on integrated network architectures at two levels: the epistemic and the computational, or the conceptual and the neural. Motivated by a wish to understand conventional human knowledge, here, we discuss emerging work assessing network constraints on the learnability of relational knowledge, and theories from statistical physics that instantiate the principles of thermodynamics and information theory to offer an explanatory model for such constraints. We then highlight similarities between those constraints on the learnability of relational networks, at one level, and the physical constraints on the development of interconnected patterns in neural systems, at another level, both leading to hierarchically modular networks. To support our discussion of these similarities, we employ an operational distinction between the modeller (e.g. the human brain), the model (e.g. a single human’s knowledge) and the modelled (e.g. the information present in our experiences). We then turn to a philosophical discussion of whether and how we can extend our observations to a claim regarding explanation and mechanism for knowledge acquisition. What relation between hierarchical networks, at the conceptual and neural levels, best facilitate learning? Are the architectures of optimally learnable networks a topological reflection of the architectures of comparably developed neural networks? Finally, we contribute to a unified approach to hierarchies and levels in biological networks by proposing several epistemological norms for analysing the computational brain and social epistemes, and for developing pedagogical principles conducive to curious thought. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Unifying the essential concepts of biological networks: biological insights and philosophical foundations’.
String-net condensation: A physical mechanism for topological phases
Creators: name: Levin, Michael A.
name: Wen, Xiao-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that quantum systems of extended objects naturally give rise to a large class of exotic phases - namely topological phases. These phases occur when the extended objects, called ``string-nets'', become highly fluctuating and condense. We derive exactly soluble Hamiltonians for 2D local bosonic models whose ground states are string-net condensed states. Those ground states correspond to 2D parity invariant topological phases. These models reveal the mathematical framework underlying topological phases: tensor category theory. One of the Hamiltonians - a spin-1/2 system on the honeycomb lattice - is a simple theoretical realization of a fault tolerant quantum computer. The higher dimensional case also yields an interesting result: we find that 3D string-net condensation naturally gives rise to both emergent gauge bosons and emergent fermions. Thus, string-net condensation provides a mechanism for unifying gauge bosons and fermions in 3 and higher dimensions.
description: 21 pages, RevTeX4, 19 figures. Homepage http://dao.mit.edu/~wen
Instanton and Higher-Loop Perturbative Contributions to the QCD Sum-Rule Analysis of Pseudoscalar Gluonium
Creators: name: Zhang, Ailin
name: Steele, T. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Instanton effects and three-loop perturbative contributions are incorporated into QCD sum-rule analyses of pseudoscalar ($J^{PC}=0^{-+}$) gluonium. Gaussian sum-rules are shown to be superior to Laplace sum-rules in optimized predictions for pseudoscalar gluonium states in the presence of instanton contributions. The Gaussian sum-rule analysis yields a pseudoscalar mass of $(2.65\pm 0.33) GeV$ and width bounded by $Γ<530 MeV$. The Laplace sum-rules provide corroborating evidence in support of the $\approx 2.7 GeV$ mass scale.
description: latex, using elsart style and amsmath, 17 pages, 6 eps figures included in manuscript. Revised version includes an extra figure and extends the analysis to consider the coupling of the eta'
Network architecture supporting learnability
Creators: name: Zurn, Perry
name: Bassett, Danielle S.
Publisher: name: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences

description: Human learners acquire complex interconnected networks of relational knowledge. The capacity for such learning naturally depends on two factors: the architecture (or informational structure) of the knowledge network itself and the architecture of the computational unit—the brain—that encodes and processes the information. That is, learning is reliant on integrated network architectures at two levels: the epistemic and the computational, or the conceptual and the neural. Motivated by a wish to understand conventional human knowledge, here, we discuss emerging work assessing network constraints on the learnability of relational knowledge, and theories from statistical physics that instantiate the principles of thermodynamics and information theory to offer an explanatory model for such constraints. We then highlight similarities between those constraints on the learnability of relational networks, at one level, and the physical constraints on the development of interconnected patterns in neural systems, at another level, both leading to hierarchically modular networks. To support our discussion of these similarities, we employ an operational distinction between the modeller (e.g. the human brain), the model (e.g. a single human’s knowledge) and the modelled (e.g. the information present in our experiences). We then turn to a philosophical discussion of whether and how we can extend our observations to a claim regarding explanation and mechanism for knowledge acquisition. What relation between hierarchical networks, at the conceptual and neural levels, best facilitate learning? Are the architectures of optimally learnable networks a topological reflection of the architectures of comparably developed neural networks? Finally, we contribute to a unified approach to hierarchies and levels in biological networks by proposing several epistemological norms for analysing the computational brain and social epistemes, and for developing pedagogical principles conducive to curious thought. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Unifying the essential concepts of biological networks: biological insights and philosophical foundations’.
Universal fast flux control of a coherent, low-frequency qubit
Creators: name: Zhang, Helin
name: Chakram, Srivatsan
name: Roy, Tanay
name: Earnest, Nathan
name: Lu, Yao
name: Huang, Ziwen
name: Weiss, Daniel
name: Koch, Jens
name: Schuster, David I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The \textit{heavy-fluxonium} circuit is a promising building block for superconducting quantum processors due to its long relaxation and dephasing time at the half-flux frustration point. However, the suppressed charge matrix elements and low transition frequency have made it challenging to perform fast single-qubit gates using standard protocols. We report on new protocols for reset, fast coherent control, and readout, that allow high-quality operation of the qubit with a 14 MHz transition frequency, an order of magnitude lower in energy than the ambient thermal energy scale. We utilize higher levels of the fluxonium to initialize the qubit with $97$\% fidelity, corresponding to cooling it to $190~\mathrm{μK}$. We realize high-fidelity control using a universal set of single-cycle flux gates, which are comprised of directly synthesizable fast pulses, while plasmon-assisted readout is used for measurements. On a qubit with $T_1, T_{2e}\sim$~300~$\mathrm{μs}$, we realize single-qubit gates in $20-60$~ns with an average gate fidelity of $99.8\%$ as characterized by randomized benchmarking.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
An investigation into a triple bottom line analysis of remanufactured toner cartridges vs. OEM cartridges
Creators: name: Li, Ivan
name: Sy, Justin
name: Wang, Derek
name: Janzen, Joel
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: The purpose of this report is to use a Triple Bottom Line investigation of Remanufactured and OEM toner cartridges. Remanufactured cartridges will be compared against OEM cartridges on three main evaluation criteria: Economics Benefits, Social Benefits, and Environmental Benefits. Currently, The University of British Columbia (UBC) does not a structured program in place to regulate the purchasing and recycling of toner cartridges on campus. Our team set out to look into why remanufactured toner cartridges should be considered and encouraged in UBC’s purchasing strategy. First, an estimate of the financial budget on toner cartridges purchased was compared against the costs (as seen by the customer) of remanufactured cartridges. Secondly, the carbon emissions and energy consumption was compared between the two material flows and look at the end impact in landfills. Finally, the different social impacts on both producers and consumers were considered for both options provided to the purchaser. It was found that remanufactured toner cartridges provide significant financial benefits. The consumer will likely not see any negative impacts in terms of printing performance with remanufactured cartridges with a reputable remanufacturer. The benefits then would lead to the conclusion that it is recommended that UBC adopt a plan to encourage the purchasing of remanufactured toner cartridges wherever possible. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Density Functional Calculations near Ferromagnetic Quantum Critical Points
Creators: name: Mazin, I. I.
name: Singh, D. J.
name: Aguayo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the application of the density functional theory in the local density approximation (LDA) near a ferromagnetic quantum critical point. The LDA fails to describe the critical fluctuations in this regime. This provides a fingerprint of a materials near ferromagnetic quantum critical points: overestimation of the tendency to magnetism in the local density approximation. This is in contrast to the typical, but not universal, tendency of the LDA to underestimate the tendency to magnetism in strongly Hubbard correlated materials. We propose a method for correcting the local density calculations by including critical spin fluctuations. This is based on (1) Landau expansion for the free energy, evaluated within the LDA, (2) lowest order expansion of the RPA susceptibility in LDA and (3) extraction of the amplitude of the relevant (critical) fluctuations by applying the fluctuation-dissipation theorem to the difference between a quantum-critical system and a reference system removed from the quantum critical point. We illustrate some of the aspects of this by the cases of Ni3Al and Ni3Ga, which are very similar metals on opposite sides of a ferromagnetic quantum critical point. LDA calculations predict that Ni3Ga is the more magnetic system, but we find that due to differences in the band structure, fluctuation effects are larger in Ni3Ga, explaining the fact that experimentally it is the less magnetic of the two materials.
Cross-shelf movement of Chrysaora fulgida (Scyphozoa; Discomedusae) off Namibia inferred from stable isotopes (δ15N and δ13C)
Creators: name: H Skrypzeck
name: CD Van Der Lingen
name: MJ Gibbons
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plant Biology

description: Large and small specimens of two species of metagenic Scyphozoa (true jellyfishes) can be found in nearshore waters off central Namibia throughout the year. Whereas populations of Chrysaora africana are largely restricted to inshore waters, C. fulgida occurs across the shelf, with small individuals found inshore and large individuals primarily found offshore. We examined stable isotopes δ15N and δ13C of both species in Walvis Bay and found that large-sized C. fulgida have lower δ15N values than small individuals and C. africana throughout the year. These differences are interpreted to reflect cross-shelf changes in δ15N baseline levels, with greater nitrogen recycling (and hence lower δ15N values) occurring offshore. The occasional/seasonal nearshore appearance of large C. fulgida with low δ15N values therefore implies routine, onshore advection. The values of δ13C did not show cross-shelf differences, which suggests that jellyfish populations across the shelf are supported by phytoplankton-based food chains. This study emphasises the value of using stable isotopes to examine the mesoscale structuring of jellyfish populations.
Attack Identification and Correction for PMU GPS Spoofing in Unbalanced Distribution Systems
Creators: name: Zhang, Ying
name: Wang, Jianhui
name: Liu, Jianzhe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Due to the vulnerability of civilian global positioning system (GPS) signals, the accuracy of phasor measurement units (PMUs) can be greatly compromised by GPS spoofing attacks (GSAs), which introduce phase shifts into true phase angle measurements. Focusing on simultaneous GSAs for multiple PMU locations, this paper proposes a novel identification and correction algorithm in distribution systems. A sensitivity analysis of state estimation residuals on a single GSA phase angle is firstly implemented. An identification algorithm using a probing technique is proposed to determine the locations of spoofed PMUs and the ranges of GSA phase shifts. Based on the identification results, these GSA phase shifts are determined via an estimation algorithm that minimizes the mismatch between measurements and system states. Further, with the attacked PMU data corrected, the system states are recovered. Simulations in unbalanced IEEE 34-bus and 123-bus distribution systems demonstrates the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.
New, multipole solutions of relativistic, viscous hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Csorgo, T.
name: Kasza, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new class of exact fireball solutions of relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics. We describe new exact solutions both for the relativistic Navier-Stokes and for the Israel-Stewart theory, for arbitrary shear and bulk viscosities, as well as for other dissipative coefficients. The common property of these solutions is the presence of the relativistic Hubble flow. Our results generalize the recently found first solution in these classes, for an arbitrary temperature dependent speed of sound, shear and bulk viscosity, heat conduction and fluctuating initial temperature profiles. These solutions are causal and not only stable but also asymptotically perfect. A strong and narrow peak in the kinematic bulk viscosity is shown to imitate the effects of a first order phase transition. The new class of asymptotically perfect solutions is thus found to be very rich, but at the same time mostly academic as the solutions are limited by the spherical symmetry of the Hubble flow field.
description: 10 pages, 1 + 3 new figures, an exact solution of the Israel-Steward hydro added, discussion significantly extended, presentation clarified
Essential elements of a community empowerment approach to HIV prevention among female sex workers engaged in project Shikamana in Iringa, Tanzania
Creators: name: Leddy, Anna M.
name: Mantsios, Andrea R.
name: Davis, Wendy W.
name: Muraleetharan, Ohvia
name: Shembilu, Catherine R.
name: Mwampashi, Ard
name: Beckham, S. Wilson
name: Galai, Noya
name: Likindikoki, Samuel L.
name: Kilonzo Mbwambo, Jessie Kazeni
name: Kerrigan, Deanna
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Globally, female sex workers bear a disproportionate burden of HIV, with those in sub-Saharan Africa being among the most affected. Community empowerment approaches have proven successful at preventing HIV among this population. These approaches facilitate a process whereby sex workers take collective ownership over programmes to address the barriers they face in accessing their health and human rights. Limited applications of such approaches have been documented in Africa. We describe the community empowerment process among female sex workers in Iringa, Tanzania, in the context of a randomised controlled trial of a community empowerment-based model of combination HIV prevention. We conducted 24 in-depth interviews with participants from the intervention community and 12 key informant interviews with HIV care providers, police, venue managers, community advisory board members and research staff. Content analysis was employed, and salient themes were extracted. Findings reveal that the community empowerment process was facilitated by the meaningful engagement of sex workers in programme development, encouraging sex worker ownership over the programme, providing opportunities for solidarity and capacity building, and forming partnerships with key stakeholders. Through this process, sex workers mobilised their collective agency to access their health and human rights including HIV prevention, care and treatment.
An investigation into growing biomass using UBC Farm’s marginal land
Creators: name: Bergerud, Corey
name: Thibault, Eric
name: Nicol, Grant
name: Wang, Yang
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: As part of its continuing mission to educate and operate sustainably, the UBC Farm wanted to see whether planting a fuel stock crop would be a beneficial investment towards the farm. The farm enlisted the help of various engineering undergraduates to investigate the requirements and to determine whether pursuing this venture would prove to be a worthwhile investment.The team assessed the initial process and investment and submitted a triple bottom line assessment. The land of the farm was surveyed and due to the vigorous growth rate and lack of maintenance, red alder was chosen by the team as the crop of choice. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Adult sea lamprey respond to induced turbulence in a low current system
Creators: name: D. P. Zielinski
name: S. Miehls
name: G. Burns
name: C. Coutant
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Manipulation of water velocities and turbulence using pumps, propellers, or jets is a promising alternative to physical water control structures to guide fish towards traps or fishways. Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) are a species of concern in much of their native and invasive ranges, and their improved guidance could benefit management actions for both conservation and control. The flow velocity enhancement system (FVES), an emergent technology that uses a Venturi pump to generate a plume of turbulence, has shown promise guiding downstream migrating fish in slow-moving or static water conditions formed by large reservoirs, but is untested for guidance of upstream swimming fish in low current environments. The FVES had minimal impact on depth averaged velocity profiles, but produced elevated levels of turbulence. Changes in spatial distribution and number of turns suggest sea lamprey detect and are mildly attracted to turbulence induced by the FVES. These results demonstrate the potential of induced turbulence as a guidance mechanism for upstream migrating sea lamprey, but more extensive testing is needed to show the full utility of this approach.
Essential elements of a community empowerment approach to HIV prevention among female sex workers engaged in project Shikamana in Iringa, Tanzania
Creators: name: Leddy, Anna M.
name: Mantsios, Andrea R.
name: Davis, Wendy W.
name: Muraleetharan, Ohvia
name: Shembilu, Catherine R.
name: Mwampashi, Ard
name: Beckham, S. Wilson
name: Galai, Noya
name: Likindikoki, Samuel L.
name: Kilonzo Mbwambo, Jessie Kazeni
name: Kerrigan, Deanna
Publisher: name: Culture, Health and Sexuality
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Globally, female sex workers bear a disproportionate burden of HIV, with those in sub-Saharan Africa being among the most affected. Community empowerment approaches have proven successful at preventing HIV among this population. These approaches facilitate a process whereby sex workers take collective ownership over programmes to address the barriers they face in accessing their health and human rights. Limited applications of such approaches have been documented in Africa. We describe the community empowerment process among female sex workers in Iringa, Tanzania, in the context of a randomised controlled trial of a community empowerment-based model of combination HIV prevention. We conducted 24 in-depth interviews with participants from the intervention community and 12 key informant interviews with HIV care providers, police, venue managers, community advisory board members and research staff. Content analysis was employed, and salient themes were extracted. Findings reveal that the community empowerment process was facilitated by the meaningful engagement of sex workers in programme development, encouraging sex worker ownership over the programme, providing opportunities for solidarity and capacity building, and forming partnerships with key stakeholders. Through this process, sex workers mobilised their collective agency to access their health and human rights including HIV prevention, care and treatment.
Heegaard splittings and the pants complex
Creators: name: Johnson, Jesse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57N10, 57M27, 57M99

description: We define integral measures of complexity for Heegaard splittings based on the graph dual to the curve complex and on the pants complex defined by Hatcher and Thurston. As the Heegaard splitting is stabilized, the sequence of complexities turns out to converge to a non-trivial limit depending only on the manifold. We then use a similar method to compare different manifolds, defining a distance which converges under stabilization to an integer related to Dehn surgeries between the two manifolds.
description: This is the version published by Algebraic & Geometric Topology on 11 July 2006