Hahnia himalayaensis Hu & Zhang 1990
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhi-Sheng
name: Li, Shuqiang
name: Zheng, Guo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Hahniidae
Hahnia
Hahnia himalayaensis

description: Hahnia himalayaensis Hu & Zhang, 1990
Figs 10–13
Hahnia himalayaensis Hu & Zhang 1990: 165, figs 1 – 7 (Holotype female, allotype male and 2 female paratypes, 3 male paratypes from Linzhi County, Tibet, China, 9 September 1987, Juping Zhang leg., deposited in Shandong University, China, not examined); Song et al. 1999: 361, figs 210K – L, 211L – M; Hu 2001: 112, figs 31.1 – 5.
Material examined. 85 males, 140 females, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, Menglun Town (active searching and pitfall traps), August 2006 – June 2007, G. Zheng leg.
Diagnosis. The species is similar to H. barbata Bosmans, 1992 from Sulawesi (Bosmans 1992: 84, figs 1–6) in having a row of long tegular setae, a pair of copulatory openings and coiled copulatory ducts, but can be distinguished by the relatively long and anteriorly curved row of tegular setae, the tiny RTA, the bigger patellar apophysis of the male palp and the relatively long copulatory ducts of the epigyne. It is also similar to H. saccata sp. nov. (Figs 14–16), H. cinerea Emerton, 1890 (Opell & Beatty 1976: 423, figs 78–83) and H. arizonica Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 (Opell & Beatty 1976: 424, figs 84–88) in having a submarginal prolateral tegular row of setae on the male palp and a pair of copulatory openings, but distinguished from others by the conspicuously long tegular setae row of male palp (Figs 10 A–B, 12G–H) and two copulatory openings located centrally, close to each other (Figs 11 A, 11C, 13D–E), copulatory ducts long and strongly twisted (Figs 11 B, 11D, 13F–G).
Redescription. Male. Total length 2.35 – 2.60. One male (Figs 12 A–F): total length 2.50. Prosoma 1.30 long, 0.90 wide; opisthosoma 1.30 long, 0.90 wide. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 5 – 6 retromarginal teeth (4 or 7 retromarginal teeth can be rarely found). Stridulatory files present on the lateral surface of chelicerae. Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma with 4 chevron-like markings dorsally. Spiracle located centrally.
Male palpal patella with a hooked apophysis retro-basally. RTA long, sharply curved and pointing ventrally. Embolus originating retro-basally, extending around the tegulum, ending at the base of membranous median apophysis. Length of deep cymbial furrow is about half of cymbial length (Figs 10 A–C, 12G–I).
Female. Total length 2.40 – 3.10. One female (Figs 13 A–C): total length 2.55. Prosoma 1.25 long, 0.85 wide; opisthosoma 1.45 long, 1.15 wide. Chelicerae without stridulatory files, with 6 retromarginal teeth. AME smallest. Leg formula: 4123.
Epigyne with a pair of small copulatory openings centrally. Copulatory ducts long, bifurcated and strongly swirled. Sub-spermathecae is nearly as large as spermathecae and close to the latter anteriorly. Fertilization ducts small, posterior to spermathecae, pointing laterally (Figs 11 A–D, 13D–G).
Distribution. China (Tibet, Yunnan)
Biology. This is a dominant species on the ground of Xishuangbanna, whether in tropical rainforest or in plantations. Nearly all mature male individuals were collected in November and December, while females collected almost all time of a year. Apparently, H. himalayaensis completes only one generation per year and the male die as soon as the copulation is finished. Female lives apparently longer after copulation.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang & Zheng, Guo, 2011, Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae), pp. 1-27 in Zootaxa 2912 on pages 12-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820