Taraxacum calocephalum Handel-Mazzetti 1907
Creators: name: Štěpánek, Jan
name: Kirschner, Jan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asterales
Asteraceae
Taraxacum
Taraxacum calocephalum

description: 13. Taraxacum calocephalum Handel-Mazzetti (1907: 106).   
 ≡ Taraxacum laevigatum subsp. calocephalum (Hand.-Mazz.) Hayek (1931: 831).   
 Type:— GREECE. Pindus Tymph., Kalampaka, Hagios Stephanos, 4 May 1896, P. Sintenis, Iter Thessalicum 1896, no. 182 (PRC, no. det. 2139, lectotype, fide Kirschner & Štěpánek 1985: 128; isotypes: B, no. det. 12630; G, no. det. 22507; JE, no. det. 9160; K, no. det. 1986; WU, no. det. 611 & 9059).   
 Note:—In two herbarium collections, LD, no. det. 3797, and BRNM, no. det. 1693, the lectotype label text is specified by an extra label addition “in fauce Karawa” [in the Karawa gorge]. These two collections are (LD) the original personal herbarium of P. Sintenis, and (BRNM) the collection of J. Freyn who received plant material by P. Sintenis for identification to be distributed in the exsiccates. Both, therefore, should be considered as isolectotypes, too.   
 Description:— Kirschner & Štěpánek (1985: 128).   
 Illustrations:— Kirschner & Štěpánek (1985: 129, 131, and Plate XI).   
 Exsiccates:—Sintenis, Iter Thessalicum 1896, no. 182; Taraxaca Exs., no. 26, 27.   
 Diagnostic notes:—A relatively isolated taxon among the European members of T. sect. Erythrocarpa. Outside Europe, it is very close to T. cinnamomeum Kirschner & Štěpánek of Lebanon and Israel, but the latter has cinnamon-brown achenes and does not develop pollen. The most similar European taxon is T. olympophilum. As already stated by Sonck (1993: 207–208), T. olympophilum has appressed to loosely appressed outer phyllaries (not erect to erect-patent as in T. calocephalum), interlobes not bordered, entire to denticulate (not narrowly bordered brown-purple and often with lobules or lobe base incisions, as in T. calocephalum), and achenes ca. 3.8–4.4 mm long, including cone 0.7–1.0 mm long (4.8–5.5 mm long, with cone 1.2–1.5 mm long in T. calocephalum, Fig. 22).   
 Distribution and ecology:— Taraxacum calocephalum is very widespread in northern and central Greece, scattered in other Greek regions, and there is a single locality known from Albania (Fig. 22). There is a relatively wide range of habitats, including mountain stony or rocky slopes, mountain calacareous grasslands, road verges, open oak woodlands etc. Its IUCN conservation status is estimated as LC.   
 Specimens examined:— ALBANIA: “Mittel-Albanien, inter Prizren et Debra, M. Galica - Lums, in herbidis summi jugi supra pagum Bicaj” [Central Albania, between Prizren (now in Kosovo) and Debar (= Dibra), mountains of Maja e Gjallicës (2489 m), above the village of Bicaj, limestone], ca. 2200 m, 14 Jul 1918, J. B. Kümmerle (WU, no. det. 1168).— GREECE: [Mt. Athos] Hagion Oros, the convent of Prodrom, 200 m, Apr 1909, Dimonie 228 (PRC, no. det. 21044).—N. Sporades, Skopelos, E slope of Mt. Delphi, 0.5–1.5 km N–NNW of the top, limestone in pine forest, 400–600 m, 21 Apr 1972, S. Snogerup & M. Gustafsson 43095 (LD, no. det. 25883).—N. Sporades, Skopelos, N. Sporades: Skopelos, ca. 2 km E of the town, near the monastery of Metamorphosis, 250 m, 18 Apr 1972, S. Snogerup & M. Gustafsson 42955 (LD, no. det. 25893).—[Delphos, Mt. Parnassos, originally collected by G. Samuelsson] cultivated in Bergian Garden, 29 May 1925, H. Dahlstedt (S, no. det. 1480); cultivated in Uppsala, 22 May 1925, H. Dahlstedt (S, no. det. 1599; W, no. det. 1109; LD, no. det. 3798; B, no. det. 12626).— Trikala, Koridallos, along the road 2 km of Metsovon, 720 m, 4 May 1984, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 3740, 34613).—NE of Metsovon, ca. 1300 m, 25 Apr 1983, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 34622).— Pindos, slopes near Metsovon, 1200 m, 25 Apr 1982, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 34621).— Trikala, Trigona, 20 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 34623; PRA, no. det. 4575).— Lakonia, ca. 1 km along the road to Karyé, 28 km from Sparti, 910 m, 28 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 34611; PRA, no. det. 4576, Taraxaca Exs., no. 27).— Magnesia, Portaria, 600 m, 4 May 1982, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 34617; PRA, no. det. 4578).— Ioannina, Dodoni, near the old amphitheatre, 21 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 34951, 34619).— Epiros, Ioannina, Vitsa, 960 m, 23 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck (PRA, no. det. 4577; H, no. det. 34607).— Epiros, Ioannina, along road near Monodendri, ca. 1060 m, 23 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck (PRA, no. det. 3968, Taraxaca Exs., no. 26; H, no. det. 3733).— Thessalia, Olympos, 6 May 1982, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 3736).— Litochoron, slopes of Olympos, 17 Apr 1981, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 3735, 3737 & 3738).— Mt. Olympos, a path between Stavros and Litochron, 21 Apr 1983 C. E. Sonck (PRA, no. det. 4574).— Kardhitsa, Ep. Kardhitsis, S of Kedhros, 240 m, 39°09‘39“ N, 22°02‘37“ E, 26 Mar 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 95130 (B, no. det. 16001).— Ioannina, Ep. Konitsis, Klidhonia, Q. coccifera forest, rocks, 380 m, 39°58‘05“ N, 20°39‘44“ E, 31 Mar 2003, R. Willing & E. Willing 107930 (B, no. det. 15997).— Ilias, Ep. Ilias, NEE of Majiras, 420 m, 37°40‘47“ N, 21°40‘46“ E, 17 Apr 2001, R. Willing & E. Willing 89008, 89006 (B, no. det. 15991).— Etolia-Akarnania, Ep. Trihonidhos, SW of Stavros, 540 m, 38°47‘50“ N, 21°28‘09“ E, 29 Mar 1999, R. Eisenblätter & E. Willing (B, no. det. 15985).— Fthiotis, Ep. Lokridhos, 0.7 km N of Zelio, 520 m, 38°40‘00“ N, 22°52‘00“ E, 22 Mar 1997, R. Eisenblätter & E. Willing 53234 (B, no. det. 16724).— Nom. Fthiotis, Ep. Lokridhos, 1.2 km W of Mendhenitsa, 620 m, 38°45‘ N, 22°35‘30“ E, 29 Apr 1993, E. Willing 23061 (B, no. det. 15976).— Magnisia, Ep. Volou, 2.4 km SE of Afete, 310 m, 39°16‘ N, 23°11‘ E, 16 May 1993, E. Willing 26360 (B, no. det. 15977).— Magnisia, Ep. Volou, 0.7 km E of Portaria, 700 m, 39°23‘ N, 23°00‘ E, 17 May 1993, E. Willing 26423 (B, no. det. 15978).— Kardhitsa, Ep. Kardhitsis, NW of Kato Ktimeni, 250 m, 39°10‘26“ N, 22°06‘07“ E, 27 Mar 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 95256 (B, no. det. 15979).— Halkidhiki, Ep. Halkidhikis, Holomon, S of Polijiros, 400 m, 40°20‘53“ N, 23°27‘04“ E, 13 Apr 2003, R. Willing & E. Willing 111157 (B, no. det. 15980).— Ioannina, Ep. Dhodhonis, 1.2 km SE of Zitsa, 640 m, 39°44‘38“ N, 20°39‘16“ E, 21 Apr 2000, R. Eisenblätter & E. Willing 79235 (B, no. det. 15981).— Ioannina, Ep. Dhodhonis, 0.9 km N of Baousii, 640 m, 39°47‘30“ N, 20°43‘30“ E, 25 May 1990, E. Willing 8515 (B, no. det. 15982).— Larisa, Ep. Ajias, NW of Kokkino Nero, 75 m, 39°50‘13“ N, 22°47‘02“ E, 14 Apr 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 99983 (B, no. det. 15984).— Fthiotis, Ep. Lokridhos, N of Modhi, 410 m, 38°40‘01“ N, 22°40‘19“ E, 10 Apr 1999, R. Eisenblätter & E. Willing 75651 (B, no. det. 15986).— Magnisia, Ep. Volou, NE of Mikro Perivolaki, 170 m, 39°24‘37“ N, 22°39‘46“ E, 3 Apr 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 97170 (B, no. det. 15987).— Pieria, Ep. Pierias, SW of Platamon, 210 m, 39°58‘28“ N, 22°36‘36“ E, 7 Apr 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 98028 (B, no. det. 15988).— Pieria, Ep. Pierias, SW of Platamon, 445 m, 39°57‘58“ N, 22°35‘30“ E, 7 Apr 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 98073 (B, no. det. 15989).— Kardhitsa, Ep. Kardhitsis, NE of Thrapsimi, 250 m, 39°11‘18“ N, 22°00‘50“ E, 26 Mar 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 95074 (B, no. det. 15990).— Ilias, Ep. Ilias, SW of Lalas, 550 m, 37°41‘39“ N, 21°42‘06“ E, 17 Apr 2001, R. Willing & E. Willing 89092 (B, no. det. 15992).— Kardhitsa, Moschato, 640 m, 39°18‘40“ N, 21°46‘55“ E, 1 May 2000, R. Eisenblätter & E. Willing 82262 (B, no. det. 15993).— Nom.Arta, 4.6 km S of Skoulikaria, 800 m, 39°07‘30“ N, 21°15‘30“ E, 21 May 1994, E. Willing 33230 (B, no. det. 15995).— Magnisia, Ep. Volou, 2.7 km SE of Afete, 39°46‘ N, 23°11‘ 00–30“ E, 16 May 1993, E. Willing 26278 (B, no. det. 15996).— Grevena, Ep. Grevenon, SW of Kipourio, 820 m, 39°56‘25“ N, 21°20‘49“ E, 18 Apr 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 101043 (B, no. det. 15998).— Kardhitsa, Ep. Kardhitsis, N of Apidhea, 300 m, 39°12‘18“ N, 21°56‘18“ E, 25 Mar 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 94949 (B, no. det. 15999).— Kardhitsa, Ep. Kardhitsis, NE of Kedhros, 130 m, 39°13‘29“ N, 22°01‘52“ E, 26 Mar 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 94969 (B, no. det. 16000).— Kardhitsa, Ep. Kardhitsis, N of Loutropiji, 650 m. EJ 93.01.43, 39°07‘37“ N, 22°02‘48“ E, 26 Mar 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 95166 (B, no. det. 16002).—Fokis, Ep. Dhodhonis, Massif of Trikorfa, 1.0 km SE of Potidhania, 830 m, 38°28‘30“ N, 22°03‘ E, 14 May 1991, E. Willing 11841 (B, no. det. 16003).—Fthiotis, Ep. Lokridhos, 2.9 km W of Mendhenitsa, 770 m, 38°45‘ N, 22°34‘30“ E, 30 Apr 1993, E. Willing 23156 (B, no. det. 16004).—Halkidhiki, Ep. Halkidhikis, SW of Polijiros, 330 m, 40°21‘52“ N, 23°24‘30“ E, 13 Apr 2003, R. Willing & E. Willing 111340 (B, no. det. 16006).—Halkidhiki, Ep. Halkidhikis, Holomon, N of Polijiros, 610 m, 40°24‘06“ N, 23°25‘22“ E, 13 Apr 2003, R. Willing & E. Willing 111236 (B, no. det. 16007).—Ioannina, Ep. Metsovou, W of Votonosi, 800 m, 39°45‘49“ N, 21°07‘27“ E, 30 Apr 2003, R. Willing & E. Willing 116656 (B, no. det. 16008).—Grevena, Ep. Grevenon, NW of Pigadhitsa, 570 m, 39°59‘44“ N, 21°24‘05“ E, 18 Apr 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 100978 (B, no. det. 16009).—Etolia-Akarnania, Ep. Trihonidhos, S of Skootera, 290 m, 38°40‘14“ N, 21°28‘24“ E, 29 Mar 1999, R. Eisenblätter & E. Willing 72966 (B, no. det. 16010).—Ioannina, S of Lippa, 805 m, 39°28‘11“ N, 20°44‘31“ E, 9 May 2005, R. Willing & E. Willing 134565 (B, no. det. 31677).— Thesprotia, SE of Keramitsa, 510 m, 39°39‘34“ N, 20°25‘48“ E, 7 May 2005, R. Willing & E. Willing 134015 (B, no. det. 31764).—Ahaia, Ano Vlasia, 815 m, 38°00‘27“ N, 21°55‘03“ E, 1 Jun 2010, R. Willing & E. Willing 196684 (B, no. det. 31664).—Larisa, SE of Melissochori, 80 m, 39°37‘20“ N, 22°30‘29“ E, 14 Apr 2008, R. Willing & E. Willing 171211 (B, no. det. 31562).—Larisa, E of Elafos, 515 m, 39°34‘50“ N, 22°47‘15“ E, 20 Apr 2008, R. Willing & E. Willing 173425 (B, no. det. 31551).—Kozanis, E of Imera, 435 m, 40°17‘56“ N, 22°05‘34“ E, 9 Apr 2006, R. Willing & E. Willing 149609 (B, no. det. 31530).—Grevena, SE of Kranea, 965 m, 39°53‘03“ N, 21°18‘03“ E, 16 May 2012, R. Willing & E. Willing 219275 (B, no. det. 31529).   
 Less certain identifications:— GREECE: Fthiotis, Ep. Lokridhos, 0.7 km W of Moni Dhamastas, 440 m, 38°46‘30“ N, 22°27‘30“ E, 24 Mar 1997, R. Eisenblätter & E. Willing 53795 (B, no. det. 16723).—Grevena, Ep. Grevenon, W of Mavranei, 800 m, 40°02‘21“ N, 21°18‘36“ E, 18 Apr 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 101100 (B, no. det. 15983).—Preveza, 1.3 km S of Anojio, 780 m, 39°21‘30“N, 20°56‘ E, 27 May 1994, E. Willing 34733 (B, no. det. 15994).—Magnisia, Ep. Volou, 1.0 km NE of Afete, 320 m, 39°17‘ N, 23°10‘ E, 16 May 1993, E. Willing 26235 (B, no. det. 16005).— Epiros, Ioannina, Dodoni, 21 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 3734).
description: Published as part of Štěpánek, Jan & Kirschner, Jan, 2022, Taraxacum sect. Erythrocarpa in Europe in the Alps and eastwards: A revision of a precursor group of relicts, pp. 7-52 in Phytotaxa 536 (1) on pages 40-43, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6224353