Ultrasonic waves and temperature effects on graphene structure fabricated by electrochemical exfoliation method
Creators: name: Shafiekhani, Azizollah
name: R. Bakhshandeh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 20301 Acoustics and Acoustical Devices; Waves
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Applied Physics
subject: Atomic Physics
subject: 20201 Atomic and Molecular Physics
subject: 20299 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: 29901 Biological Physics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 20399 Classical Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: 29902 Complex Physical Systems
subject: Computational Physics
subject: 20401 Condensed Matter Characterisation Technique Development
subject: 20402 Condensed Matter Imaging
subject: 20601 Degenerate Quantum Gases and Atom Optics
subject: 20404 Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Condensed Matter; Superconductivity
subject: 20302 Electrostatics and Electrodynamics
subject: Entropy
subject: 20602 Field Theory and String Theory
subject: 20303 Fluid Physics
subject: General Relativity
subject: 20502 Lasers and Quantum Electronics
subject: M-Theory
subject: Mechanics
subject: 29903 Medical Physics
subject: 20503 Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy
subject: 20202 Nuclear Physics
subject: 20599 Optical Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: 20203 Particle Physics
subject: 20504 Photonics, Optoelectronics and Optical Communications
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 20405 Soft Condensed Matter
subject: 91308 Solid Mechanics
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: Special Relativity
subject: 20406 Surfaces and Structural Properties of Condensed Matter
subject: 29904 Synchrotrons; Accelerators; Instruments and Techniques
subject: Thermodynamics
subject: 20304 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics

description: It is a challenge to fabricate high-quality graphene sheets due to the different effects of external factors on the fabrication process. Ultrasonic waves and temperature can be used as two important external factors to fabricate graphene. We conducted a research to study the effects of ultrasonic waves and temperature on the graphene fabrication process. To show the effects of the external factors on graphene sheets, we fabricated three samples. The first sample has been fabricated using electrochemical exfoliation method without applying any external factors. To fabricate two other samples, we used the same fabrication method but applying ultrasonic waves and temperature to homogenize the electrolyte. Second sample has been fabricated using 420 W ultrasonic waves. To fabricate third sample, 100 °C temperature has been applied to the electrolyte using heater stirrer. We studied the three fabricated samples using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible, X-Ray diffraction, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscope and Transmission electron microscopy. As a result of this research, we found that applying ultrasonic waves to homogenize the electrolyte during the fabrication process plays an important role to decrease oxygen groups and increase IG to ID rate in graphene structure. <br>