cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Shading and Hot Spot Performance of Shingled Cell Array Module
Creators: name: Zhou, H.
name: Zhou, L.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
PV Module Performance and Reliability

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1744-1747
description: As a disruptive module assembly technology, the shingled cell array modules(SAM) have gained more interest as they offer >10% higher module power and better module reliability than conventional ribbon interconnection based modules. Two kinds of mono PERC shingled array module (SAM) samples have been prepared and tested with rated power more than 325W under standard test conditions. The distinct shading and hot spot performance of these SAM samples are reported in the paper for the first time. In addition, the SAM demonstrated a significant reliability benefit of a lower hot spot temperature than conventional module.
Problems Concerning Ancient Water Management in the Mediterranean
Creators: name: Berking, Jonas
name: Beckers, Brian
name: Knitter, Daniel
name: Schütt, Brigitta
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Water availability
subject: water technology
subject: social organization
subject: social ecology
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie

description: Throughout history, societies have performed water management to provide themselves with water for several purposes. Here, three main entities of water management can be distinguished, which are: water availability, water technology and social organization. These three entities with their specifications and some examples will be presented in this study. The study categorizes and classifies some basic terms of water management, with a focus on the antique Mediterranean. For a holistic analysis of water management we suggest the utilization of an integrated approach called social ecology.
Inference and rare event simulation for stopped Markov processes via reverse-time sequential Monte Carlo
Creators: name: Koskela, Jere
name: Spano, Dario
name: Jenkins, Paul A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Primary: 62M05, Secondary: 60J20, 60J22

description: We present a sequential Monte Carlo algorithm for Markov chain trajectories with proposals constructed in reverse time, which is advantageous when paths are conditioned to end in a rare set. The reverse time proposal distribution is constructed by approximating the ratio of Green's functions in Nagasawa's formula. Conditioning arguments can be used to interpret these ratios as low-dimensional conditional sampling distributions of some coordinates of the process given the others. Hence the difficulty in designing SMC proposals in high dimension is greatly reduced. We illustrate our method on estimating an overflow probability in a queueing model, the probability that a diffusion follows a narrowing corridor, and the initial location of an infection in an epidemic model on a network.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
The Effect of Non-Uniform Temperature Distribution in PV Cells and Their Interconnections
Creators: name: Wolf, P.
name: Benda, V.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
PV Module Performance and Reliability

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1647-1649
description: The paper is focused on effects caused by non-uniform temperature distribution in photovoltaic (PV) arrays. The influence of non-uniform operating conditions on electrical parameters has been studied on both individual solar cells and on their parallel interconnection. To determine the temperature effects, simulations, as well as measurements on crystalline silicon PV cells, has been carried out. The results can be used to give an estimation on how the temperature would affect the overall electrical yield. This can be useful in designing a PV system where the non-uniform temperature can occur in an effective way.
Analysis of autocorrelation times in Neural Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations
Creators: name: Białas, Piotr
name: Korcyl, Piotr
name: Stebel, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We provide a deepened study of autocorrelations in Neural Markov Chain Monte Carlo (NMCMC) simulations, a version of the traditional Metropolis algorithm which employs neural networks to provide independent proposals. We illustrate our ideas using the two-dimensional Ising model. We discuss several estimates of autocorrelation times in the context of NMCMC, some inspired by analytical results derived for the Metropolized Independent Sampler (MIS). We check their reliability by estimating them on a small system where analytical results can also be obtained. Based on the analytical results for MIS we propose a new loss function and study its impact on the autocorelation times. Although, this function's performance is a bit inferior to the traditional Kullback-Leibler divergence, it offers two training algorithms which in some situations may be beneficial. By studying a small, $4 \times 4$, system we gain access to the dynamics of the training process which we visualize using several observables. Furthermore, we quantitatively investigate the impact of imposing global discrete symmetries of the system in the neural network training process on the autocorrelation times. Eventually, we propose a scheme which incorporates partial heat-bath updates which considerably improves the quality of the training. The impact of the above enhancements is discussed for a $16 \times 16$ spin system. The summary of our findings may serve as a guidance to the implementation of Neural Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations for more complicated models.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures
New analytical solutions for chemical evolution models: characterizing the population of star-forming and passive galaxies
Creators: name: Spitoni, E.
name: Vincenzo, F.
name: Matteucci, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analytical models of chemical evolution, including inflow and outflow of gas, are important tools to study how the metal content in galaxies evolves as a function of time. In this work, we present new analytical solutions for the evolution of the gas mass, total mass and metallicity of a galactic system, when a decaying exponential infall rate of gas and galactic winds are assumed. We apply our model to characterize a sample of local star-forming and passive galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data, with the aim of reproducing their observed mass-metallicity relation; in this way, we can derive how the two populations of star-forming and passive galaxies differ in their particular distribution of ages, formation time scales, infall masses and mass loading factors. We find that the local passive galaxies are on average older and assembled on shorter typical time-scales than the local star-forming ones; on the other hand, the larger mass star-forming galaxies show generally older ages and longer typical formation time-scales compared with the smaller mass star-forming galaxies. Finally, we conclude that the local star-forming galaxies experience stronger galactic winds than the passive galaxy population. We explore the effect of assuming different initial mass functions in our model, showing that to reproduce the observed mass-metallicity relation stronger winds are requested if the initial mass function is top-heavy. Finally, our analytical models predict the assumed sample of local galaxies to lie on a tight surface in the 3D space defined by stellar metallicity, star formation rate and stellar mass, thus mimicking the well-known "fundamental relation".
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, A&A in press
Advanced PV Module Hot Spot Characterisation
Creators: name: Wendlandt, S.
name: Süthoff, L.
name: Berendes, S.
name: Teubner, J.
name: Podlowski, L.
name: Krauter, S.
name: Grunow, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
PV Module Performance and Reliability

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1738-1743
description: Photovoltaic modules are the key component of any solar power plants. Their long-term performance and
availability are responsible for the electrical yield and thus for the profitability of the power plant. To minimise the
failure risk, extensive module quality investigations should be carried out already during their planning phase. One of
a major module stress factor is the solar cell overheating when partly shaded, or if broken cells or inhomogeneous
module soiling occurs. At these conditions, the local cell temperature exceeds the normal operating module
temperature which can lead to a significantly reduction of the long-term stability. A standard hot spot test is part of
the PV module product certification. Unfortunately, this testing procedure takes a quite long time and the cell
leakage current is used for determining the worst case cell. Therefor only some cells are thermal stressed. These are
the motivation to develop an advanced hot spot method called rapid thermal hot spot method for PV modules. This
paper will describe the technical set-up, the simulation models and the comparison between measurement and
simulation.
NAVIGATING LEADERSHIP: EXPLORING HEAD TEACHERS' STYLES AND JOB SATISFACTION AMONG GHANAIAN PUBLIC BASIC SCHOOL EDUCATORS
Creators: name: Michael, O. Addo
name: Cynthia, N. Agyemang
Publisher: name: SADI journals
Year: 2024
Subjects: Quality Teaching
Educational Leadership
School Effectiveness
Pedagogical Enhancement
Sub-Saharan Africa

description: The global landscape of education underscores the paramount importance of quality teaching as an indispensable catalyst for effective and efficient learning within school systems. The deliberate establishment of schools is rooted in the pursuit of specific educational goals, necessitating a robust commitment to ensuring quality teaching and learning. The onus often falls on school managers and administrators to orchestrate an environment conducive to achieving these educational objectives. Central to this mission is the acknowledgment that the quality of teaching and learning is intricately tied to the allocation of human and material resources within schools, as emphasized by Armstrong (2006). However, a critical analysis of existing literature reveals a persistent challenge in Sub-Saharan African schools, where the dearth of quality leaders hampers the realization of optimal teaching and learning environments (Adeyemi and Bolarinwa, 2013; Oino and Asghar, 2018). Leadership emerges as a crucial determinant in the effective utilization of scarce educational resources, guiding schools towards their envisioned goals and objectives, as posited by Suryani (2018). Recognizing the pivotal role of leadership, it becomes imperative to view it not merely as an administrative duty but as a transformative force capable of enhancing teachers' pedagogical skills and fostering a motivating learning environment for students.

Numerous scholars, including Lumbantoruan et al. (2020) and Sayadi (2016), assert that effective leadership is a linchpin in determining a school's overall effectiveness. This abstract aims to delve into the critical nexus between leadership, pedagogical enhancement, and student motivation in the context of Sub-Saharan African schools. By synthesizing insights from diverse scholarly perspectives, the study seeks to illuminate the multifaceted role of leadership in shaping the quality of teaching and learning, thus contributing to the broader discourse on educational leadership and its impact on school effectiveness.
Periodic subvarieties of a projective variety under the action of a maximal rank abelian group of positive entropy
Creators: name: Hu, Fei
name: Tan, Sheng-Li
name: Zhang, De-Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J50, 32M05, 32H50, 37B40

description: We determine positive-dimensional G-periodic proper subvarieties of an n-dimensional normal projective variety X under the action of an abelian group G of maximal rank n-1 and of positive entropy. The motivation of the paper is to understand the obstruction for X to be G-equivariant birational to the quotient variety of an abelian variety modulo the action of a finite group.
description: Asian Journal of Mathematics (to appear), Special issue on the occasion of Prof N. Mok's 60th birthday
Роль труда как средства исправления по отечественному и зарубежному пенитенциарному законодательству: проблемы и пути решения
Creators: name: Тюфяков Николай Александрович
Publisher: name: Психопедагогика в правоохранительных органах
Year: 2020
Subjects: осужденные; труд; трудовое воспитание; мотивация; стимулирование; цели наказания; исправительная система

description: Введение. Рассматривается роль труда как средства исправления осужденных в местах лишения свободы. Определены проблемы трудового воспитания осужденных, сущность которых заключается в неэффективности ряда положений нормативной базы, регулирующей трудовые отношения осужденных. Актуальность работы обусловлена поиском новых современных форм и методов мотивации осужденных к процессу исправления, одним из основных средств которого служит общественно полезный труд. Новизна исследования состоит в выявлении сходных черт и принципиальных отличий в оценке роли труда в отечественном и зарубежном пенитенциарном праве. На основании выделения современных проблем законодательного регулирования организации труда осужденных в местах лишения свободы предлагаются усовершенствованные методы по повышению трудовой мотивации осужденных. Материалы и методы. Использовались документы отечественного, зарубежного и международного пенитенциарного законодательства, материалы диссертационных исследований, монографий и журналов, входящих в международные глобальные научные базы. В качестве основных методов исследования применялись контентанализ и сравнительный анализ собранной информации. Результаты и обсуждение. Согласно российскому законодательству общественно полезный труд является одним из основных средств исправления, его роль состоит в простейшей форме организации и занятости осужденных. Европейское пенитенциарное законодательство определяет роль труда как основного средства последующей социализации заключенных. Пути достижения указанных результатов также принципиально отличаются. В первом случае это обязательное привлечение к труду с низкоэффективной организацией и стимулированием, а во втором — более качественная организация труда и личностный подход через специальные психологические программы и методы стимулирования к привитию заинтересованности в трудовой деятельности. Выделяются и общие проблемы двух правовых систем — это отсутствие полной трудовой занятости. Выводы. Правовые системы большинства стран мира предусматривают труд в качестве одного из основных и важнейших средств исправления осужденных. Сложившиеся трудовые отношения в исправительных учреждениях Российской Федерации оказывают определенное положительное влияние лишь на часть осужденных из категории привлеченных к труду и не могут в полной мере соответствовать общим целям уголовного наказания. Организация труда в местах лишения свободы должна быть максимально полной и направленной на скорейшую социализацию личности осужденного, при этом способствовать приобретению полезных навыков и профессий, которые могли бы пригодиться ему после освобождения.
An Inexpensive and Accurate Solar Irradiance Sensor Based in a Small Calibrated PV Module
Creators: name: Erraissi, N.
name: Aarich, N.
name: Akhsassi, M.
name: Raoufi, M.
name: Bennouna, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
PV Module Performance and Reliability

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1588-1592
description: In this paper, we have proposed and realized an inexpensive and accurate sensor to measure the solar
irradiance, the sensor is based in a small calibrated PV module. The method of measure consists in acquiring the short
circuit current ISC which is proportional to the incident solar irradiance by measuring the voltage across a precision
shunt resistor connected to the reference module, then the final value is corrected according to ambient temperature to
take into account the variation of the short circuit current ISC with cell temperature. The reference module was
calibrated following the recommendations stated in the international standards IEC 60904-2 and IEC 60906-4, it was
used to measure in-plane and horizontal irradiance for more than one year, acquired data were compared with data
from commercial and highly accurate sensors, and the results have shown that the accuracy was better than 3%.
APANet: Adaptive Prototypes Alignment Network for Few-Shot Semantic Segmentation
Creators: name: Chen, Jiacheng
name: Gao, Bin-Bin
name: Lu, Zongqing
name: Xue, Jing-Hao
name: Wang, Chengjie
name: Liao, Qingmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Few-shot semantic segmentation aims to segment novel-class objects in a given query image with only a few labeled support images. Most advanced solutions exploit a metric learning framework that performs segmentation through matching each query feature to a learned class-specific prototype. However, this framework suffers from biased classification due to incomplete feature comparisons. To address this issue, we present an adaptive prototype representation by introducing class-specific and class-agnostic prototypes and thus construct complete sample pairs for learning semantic alignment with query features. The complementary features learning manner effectively enriches feature comparison and helps yield an unbiased segmentation model in the few-shot setting. It is implemented with a two-branch end-to-end network (i.e., a class-specific branch and a class-agnostic branch), which generates prototypes and then combines query features to perform comparisons. In addition, the proposed class-agnostic branch is simple yet effective. In practice, it can adaptively generate multiple class-agnostic prototypes for query images and learn feature alignment in a self-contrastive manner. Extensive experiments on PASCAL-5$^i$ and COCO-20$^i$ demonstrate the superiority of our method. At no expense of inference efficiency, our model achieves state-of-the-art results in both 1-shot and 5-shot settings for semantic segmentation.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, Accepted to IEEE Trans. on Multimedia. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2104.09216
A Novel Heat Dissipating Material for Enhancing the Performance of Photovoltaic Panels
Creators: name: Tsai, M.-A.
name: Chen, C.-Y.
name: Chen, L.-C.
name: Chen, Y.-T.
name: Liu, C.-H.
name: Wu, H.-S.
name: Wu, T.-C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
PV Module Performance and Reliability

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1636-1638
description: The Performance of PV panel has a strong dependent on the temperature of PV panel (More precisely is the temperature of the cell, whether it is made by Si, CIGS or other material). The performance can be enhanced by reducing the temperature of the PV panel. Here we provide a novel heat dissipating material, which is made of ceramic and metal powder. The substances are mixed with special solvent, and printed on backsheet to increase the dissipation area and the ability of thermal conductivity. In this work, we demonstrated the improved result of heat dissipation by using the novel material in the PV panel. And we also arranged the relative test of reliability of the novel material, such as the NOCT, Thermal Cycle, Damp Heat, UV exploration and the performance of system level, which will be shown in the future.
Emergent Pauli blocking in a weakly interacting Bose gas
Creators: name: Cataldini, Federica
name: Møller, Frederik
name: Tajik, Mohammadamin
name: Sabino, João
name: Schweigler, Thomas
name: Ji, Si-Cong
name: Mazets, Igor
name: Rauer, Bernhard
name: Schmiedmayer, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relationship between many-body interactions and dimensionality is integral to numerous emergent quantum phenomena. A striking example is the Bose gas, which upon confinement to one dimension (1D) obeys an infinite set of conservation laws, prohibiting thermalization and constraining dynamics. In our experiment, we demonstrate that such 1D behavior can extend much farther into the dimensional crossover towards 3D than expected. Starting from a weakly interacting Bose gas trapped in a highly elongated potential, we perform a quench to instigate dynamics of a single density mode. Employing the theory of Generalized Hydrodynamics, we identify the dominant relaxation mechanism as the 1D dephasing of the relevant collective excitations of the system, the rapidities. Surprisingly, the dephasing remains dominant even for temperatures far exceeding conventional limits of one-dimensionality where thermalization should occur. We attribute our observations to an emergent Pauli blocking of transverse excitations, caused by the rapidities assuming fermionic statistics, despite the gas being purely bosonic. Thus, our study suggests that 1D physics is less fragile than previously thought, as it can persist even in the presence of significant perturbations. More broadly, by employing the exact Bethe ansatz solutions of the many-body system, we facilitate an interpretation of how the emergent macroscopic behavior arises from the microscopic interactions.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures
Experimental Characterization and Numerical Simulation of Humidity-Induced Damage in PV Cells
Creators: name: Gagliardi, M.
name: Berardone, I.
name: Paggi, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
PV Module Performance and Reliability

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1716-1719
description: The prediction of photovoltaic module performances is an important topic for energy industry. Standard
tests prescribed by IEC regulation give a picture of degradation under accelerated conditions. While results at the end
of the IEC tests are widely reported, only few data show the degradation evolution with time. To provide additional
details, we performed a thermal cyclic test on a PV mini-module, acquiring electroluminescence images after fixed
times. Experimental results show the formation of electrically inactive zones and black spots due to moisture
accumulation during time. The finite element analysis of reactions and diffusion phenomena in EVA confirms the effect
of water accumulation as cell damage trigger. Results provide an accurate analysis of module degradation, under wide
temperature inversions and humidity, and enable a thorough knowledge of damage evolution.
Stability and Robustness of RBF Interpolation
Creators: name: Bouchot, Jean-Luc
name: Hamm, Keaton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider how some methods of uniform and nonuniform interpolation by translates of radial basis functions -- specifically the so-called general multiquadrics -- perform in the presence of certain types of noise. These techniques provide some new avenues for interpolation on bounded domains that is different from the existing literature by using fast Fourier transform methods to approximate cardinal functions associated with the RBF.
description: 20 pages, Submitted
Mixed-state entanglement and information recovery in thermalized states and evaporating black holes
Creators: name: Vardhan, Shreya
name: Kudler-Flam, Jonah
name: Shapourian, Hassan
name: Liu, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the universal behavior of quantum information-theoretic quantities in thermalized isolated quantum many-body systems and evaporating black holes. In particular, we study a genuine mixed-state entanglement measure called the logarithmic negativity, other correlation measures including the Renyi negativities and the mutual information, and a signature of multipartite entanglement called the reflected entropy. We also probe the feasibility of recovering quantum information from subsystems of a thermalized quantum many-body system or from the radiation of an evaporating black hole, using quantities such as relative entropy and Petz map fidelity. A recently developed technique called the equilibrium approximation allows us to probe these quantities at finite temperature. We find striking qualitative differences from the infinite temperature case, which has been the topic of previous studies using Haar-random states. In particular, we find regimes where the logarithmic negativity is extensive but the mutual information is sub-extensive, indicating a large amount of undistillable, bound entanglement in thermalized states. For evaporating black holes at finite temperature, both the logarithmic negativity and the Petz map fidelity reveal an important new time scale $t_b$, which is earlier than the Page time $t_p$ by a finite fraction of the total evaporation time. We find that $t_b$, as opposed to $t_p$, is the time scale at which quantum entanglement between different parts of the radiation becomes extensive, and the fidelity of information recovery for a large diary thrown into the black hole starts to grow.
description: 114 pages, 35 figures
Weight representations of admissible affine vertex algebras
Creators: name: Arakawa, Tomoyuki
name: Futorny, Vyacheslav
name: Ramirez, Luis Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For an admissible affine vertex algebra $V_k(\mathfrak{g})$ of type $A$, we describe a new family of relaxed highest weight representations of $V_k(\mathfrak{g})$. They are simple quotients of representations of the affine Kac-Moody algebra $\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}$ induced from the following $\mathfrak{g}$-modules: 1) generic Gelfand-Tsetlin modules in the principal nilpotent orbit, in particular all such modules induced from $\mathfrak{sl}_2$; 2) all Gelfand-Tsetlin modules in the principal nilpotent orbit which are induced from $\mathfrak{sl}_3$; 3) all simple Gelfand-Tsetlin modules over $\mathfrak{sl}_3$. This in particular gives the classification of all simple positive energy weight representations of $V_k(\mathfrak{g})$ with finite dimensional weight spaces for $\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{sl}_3$.
description: revised version, to appear in Comm. Math. Phys
title: The Textile Revolution
title: Research into the Origin and Spread of Wool Production between the Near East and Central Europe
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Becker, Cornelia
name: Benecke, Norbert
name: Grabundžija, Ana
name: Küchelmann, Hans-Christian
name: Pollock, Susan
name: Schier, Wolfram
name: Schoch, Chiara
name: Schrakamp, Ingo
name: Schütt, Britta
name: Schumacher, Martin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Textiles
subject: wool
subject: textile tools
subject: archaeozoology
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie

description: The objective of the research group Textile Revolution is to contribute to research on the still largely unclear introduction of wool production in later Neolithic and Chalcolithic societies from Western Asia to Central Europe. Since direct evidence of wool depends on rare conditions of preservation, a multi-proxy approach based on different kinds of indirect evidence was chosen. The previous history of research on early wool production as well as the domestication history of sheep are reviewed briefly. Anthropogenic impacts on the landscape, possibly related to intensified grazing, are one kind of indirect evidence that we take into account. For the later part of the presumably long-lasting development of wool production, written sources are available, the earliest of which date to the Late Uruk and Jemdet Nasr periods (end of the 4th to beginning of the 3rd millennium BCE) in Mesopotamia. Indirect archaeological evidence consists of the tools used in textile production, among which spindle whorls and loom weights occur most frequently. Since they are not a priori specific to the type of fibre, be it linen or wool, statistical evaluations of metric data are necessary. Zooarchaeological analysis of large samples of animal bones from a wide spectrum of sites and time slices is a further crucial element of our multi-proxy approach. Both the demographic composition of herds and metric data indicating changes in animal size can yield indirect evidence for incipient or increasing importance of wool production. This article offers an overview of these different sources and methods, specific to the disciplines involved, and presents some preliminary results.
Proposal and Investigation of Novel Portable Degradation Diagnosis System for PV Module in Actual Operation
Creators: name: Tanaka, T.
name: Nagayama, T.
name: Hayashi, T.
name: Yanagidaira, T.
name: Inui, Y.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
PV Module Performance and Reliability

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1571-1575
description: In this study, the authors proposed a novel portable degradation diagnosis system that can detect a
specific degraded PV module among a number of actually operated sound PV modules. At first, in order to confirm
basic performance of the proposed system, numerical simulation for the system were carried out. From the simulation
results, it was made clear that the performance evaluation of PV module is feasible by using the proposed system.
Next, some demonstration tests were executed after a test equipment based on the proposed system was assembled.
Through the experiments, it was successfully demonstrated that the proposed system has sufficient ability to detect
degradation of PV module and the required time for diagnosis per module is very short. Furthermore, the proposed
diagnosis system is portable and can be utilized everywhere. Therefore, the proposed system is a promising new
candidate for on-site degradation diagnosis system that can detect a specific degraded PV module among a number of
actually operated sound PV modules.
Sparse model selection in the highly under-sampled regime
Creators: name: Bulso, Nicola
name: Marsili, Matteo
name: Roudi, Yasser
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method for recovering the structure of a sparse undirected graphical model when very few samples are available. The method decides about the presence or absence of bonds between pairs of variable by considering one pair at a time and using a closed form formula, analytically derived by calculating the posterior probability for every possible model explaining a two body system using Jeffreys prior. The approach does not rely on the optimisation of any cost functions and consequently is much faster than existing algorithms. Despite this time and computational advantage, numerical results show that for several sparse topologies the algorithm is comparable to the best existing algorithms, and is more accurate in the presence of hidden variables. We apply this approach to the analysis of US stock market data and to neural data, in order to show its efficiency in recovering robust statistical dependencies in real data with non stationary correlations in time and space.
description: 54 pages, 26 figures
Massive particle pair production and oscillation in Friedman Universe: its effect on inflation
Creators: name: Xue, She-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the classical Friedman equations for the time-varying cosmological term $\tildeΛ$ and Hubble function $H$, together with quantised field equations for the production of massive $M\gg H$ particles, namely, the $\tildeΛ$CDM scenario of dark energy and matter interactions. Classical slow components ${\mathcal O}(H^{-1})$ are separated from quantum fast components ${\mathcal O}(M^{-1})$. The former obeys the Friedman equations, and the latter obeys a set of nonlinear differential equations. Numerically solving equations for quantum fast components, we find the production and oscillation of massive particle-antiparticle pairs in microscopic time scale ${\mathcal O}(M^{-1})$. Their density and pressure averages over microscopic time do not vanish. It implies the formation of a massive pair plasma state in macroscopic time scale ${\mathcal O}(H^{-1})$, whose effective density and pressure contribute to the Friedman equations. Considering the inflation driven by the time-varying cosmological term and slowed down by the massive pair plasma state, we obtain the relation of spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio in agreement with recent observations. We discuss the singularity-free pre-inflation, the CMB large-scale anomaly, and dark-matter density perturbations imprinting on power spectra.
description: The final version is to appear in The European Physical Journal C. 20 pages with 4 captioned figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2006.15622
Perception and Sensing for Autonomous Vehicles Under Adverse Weather Conditions: A Survey
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuxiao
name: Carballo, Alexander
name: Yang, Hanting
name: Takeda, Kazuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automated Driving Systems (ADS) open up a new domain for the automotive industry and offer new possibilities for future transportation with higher efficiency and comfortable experiences. However, autonomous driving under adverse weather conditions has been the problem that keeps autonomous vehicles (AVs) from going to level 4 or higher autonomy for a long time. This paper assesses the influences and challenges that weather brings to ADS sensors in an analytic and statistical way, and surveys the solutions against inclement weather conditions. State-of-the-art techniques on perception enhancement with regard to each kind of weather are thoroughly reported. External auxiliary solutions, weather conditions coverage in currently available datasets, simulators, and experimental facilities with weather chambers are distinctly sorted out. Additionally, potential future ADS sensors candidates and approaches beyond common senses are provided. By looking into all kinds of major weather problems the autonomous driving field is currently facing, and reviewing both hardware and computer science solutions in recent years, this survey points out the main moving trends of adverse weather problems in autonomous driving, i.e., advanced sensor fusions, more sophisticated networks, and V2X & IoT technologies; and also the limitations brought by emerging 1550 nm LiDARs. In general, this work contributes a holistic overview of the obstacles and directions of ADS development in terms of adverse weather driving conditions.
Long Term Development of Photovoltaic Module Failures during Accelerated Aging Tests
Creators: name: Hirschl, C.
name: Eder, G.C.
name: Neumaier, L.
name: Mühleisen, W.
name: Voronko, Y.
name: Ebner, R.
name: Kubicek, B.
name: Berger, K.A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
PV Module Performance and Reliability

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1709-1712
description: A series of test-modules – intact and with deliberately generated failures (micro-cracks, cell-cracks, glass breakage and soldering defects) - were exposed to various stress conditions (temperature, humidity and irradiation) in order to see the stress-induced effects and potential propagation of the failures on the performance. The modules were thoroughly electrically characterized before and after the accelerated ageing and outdoor tests by electroluminescence and IV-curve measurements. In addition, the test-modules were subjected to time resolved characterisation during the ageing tests by UV-fluorescence imaging. The induction period for the fluorescence effects of the polymeric encapsulant to show up and the characteristic fluorescence patterns formed upon damp-heat storage, irradiation and outdoor exposure were analysed in detail. The effect of cell-cracks and glass breakage on the local extinction of the fluorescence is discussed.
Concept of a Photoluminescence Measurement System
Creators: name: Ebner, R.
name: Újvári, G.
name: Kubicek, B.
name: Halwachs, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
PV Module Performance and Reliability

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1541-1543
description: Camera-based measurements, such as electroluminescence (EL), photoluminescence (PL), and infrared
(IR) technologies, offer excellent possibilities for determining production failures or defects in solar modules which
cannot be detected by means of standard power measurements. These types of optical measurement provide high
resolution images with a two-dimensional distribution of the characteristic features of PV modules. This paper
focuses on the concept of a LED operated PL-measurement system for PV-modules. Furthermore the performed PLimages
of different module technologies were compared with EL-images.
Phase Diffusion in Low-$E_J$ Josephson Junctions at milli-Kelvin Temperatures
Creators: name: Lu, Wen-Sen
name: Kalashnikov, Konstantin
name: Kamenov, Plamen
name: DiNapoli, Thomas J.
name: Gershenson, Michael E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Josephson junctions (JJs) with Josephson energy $E_J \lesssim 1K$ are widely employed as non-linear elements in superconducting circuits for quantum computing, operating at milli-Kelvin temperatures. Here we experimentally study incoherent phase slips (IPS) in low-$E_J$ Aluminum-based JJs at $T<0.2K$, where the IPS become the dominant source of dissipation. We observed strong suppression of the critical (switching) current and a very rapid growth of the zero-bias resistance with decreasing Josephson energy below $E_J \sim 1K$. This behavior is attributed to the IPSs whose rate exponentially increases with decreasing the ratio $E_J/T$. Our observations are in line with other data reported in literature. With further improvement of coherence of superconducting qubits, the observed dissipation from IPS might limit the performance of qubits based on low-$E_J$ junctions.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Projectively invariant objects and the index of the group of affine transformations in the group of projective transformations
Creators: name: Matveev, Vladimir S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper is grown from the lecture course "Metric projective geometry" which I hold at the summer school "Finsler geometry with applications" at Karlovassi, Samos, in 2014, and at the workshop before the 8th seminar on Geometry and Topology of the Iranian Mathematical society at the Amirkabir University of Technology in 2015. The goal of this lecture course was to show how effective projectively invariant objects can be used to solve natural and named problems in differential geometry, and this paper also does it: I give easy new proofs to many known statements, and also prove the following new statement: on a complete Riemannian manifold of nonconstant curvature the index of the group of affine transformations in the group of projective transformations is at most two.
description: are welcome
Motivic local density
Creators: name: Forey, Arthur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03C98, 12J10, 14B05, 32Sxx (Primary), 03C68, 11S80, 14J17 (Secondary)

description: We develop a theory of local densities and tangent cones in a motivic framework, extending work by Cluckers-Comte-Loeser about $p$-adic local density. We prove some results about geometry of definable sets in Henselian valued fields of characteristic zero, both in semi-algebraic and subanalytic languages, and study Lipschitz continuous maps between such sets. We prove existence of regular stratifications satisfying analogous of Verdier condition $(w_f)$. Using Cluckers-Loeser theory of motivic integration, we define a notion of motivic local density with values in the Grothendieck ring of the theory of the residue sorts. We then prove the existence of a distinguished tangent cone and that one can compute the local density on this cone endowed with appropriate motivic multiplicities. As an application we prove a uniformity theorem for $p$-adic local density.
description: 40 pages, minor corrections
Feasibility Study for PV Measurements at Varying Irradiances on a Large-Area Steady-State Solar Simulator
Creators: name: Salis, E.
name: Sharlandzhiev, I.
name: Field, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
PV Module Performance and Reliability

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1548-1553
description: Reliable prediction of photovoltaic (PV) module performance under real operating conditions requires
several steps beyond the current comparison at Standard Test Conditions (STC). The standard IEC 61853-1
establishes the requirements for power matrix measurements, which involve variation of the module’s temperature as
well as of the irradiance level with respect to STC. The large-area steady-state solar simulator (LACSS) of the
European Solar Test Installation (ESTI) can be used for PV device characterisation at conditions other than STC, e.g.
power matrix and linearity measurements. For both cases, the irradiance level should be varied without significantly
affecting the spectral content and the spatial non-uniformity (NU) on the test plane. At ESTI this can be achieved by
an appropriate selection of the LACSS lamps. However, as this procedure implies a possible change in the NU, a
better characterisation of the solar simulator and an automation tool for irradiance prediction were deemed necessary
to increase confidence in the process. Initial comparison between predictions and measurements demonstrated
satisfactory agreement typically within ±1% for irradiance distribution and NU. Also, the result of the solar simulator
assessment is positive for advanced PV measurements, although care must be taken in the selection of lamp
combinations and in their constant update.
Toward Explainable AI for Regression Models
Creators: name: Letzgus, Simon
name: Wagner, Patrick
name: Lederer, Jonas
name: Samek, Wojciech
name: Müller, Klaus-Robert
name: Montavon, Gregoire
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In addition to the impressive predictive power of machine learning (ML) models, more recently, explanation methods have emerged that enable an interpretation of complex non-linear learning models such as deep neural networks. Gaining a better understanding is especially important e.g. for safety-critical ML applications or medical diagnostics etc. While such Explainable AI (XAI) techniques have reached significant popularity for classifiers, so far little attention has been devoted to XAI for regression models (XAIR). In this review, we clarify the fundamental conceptual differences of XAI for regression and classification tasks, establish novel theoretical insights and analysis for XAIR, provide demonstrations of XAIR on genuine practical regression problems, and finally discuss the challenges remaining for the field.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, published; changes: 1. references to code and xai-regression.org added (p. 1/2, end of introduction), 2. adjustment of sign-error in restructuring section (p. 8, just above Fig. 4)
Potential-Induced Degradation of Photovoltaic Modules Composed of Interdigitated Back Contact Solar Cells Observed in an Actual Photovoltaic System
Creators: name: Ishii, T.
name: Sato, R.
name: Choi, S.
name: Chiba, Y.
name: Masuda, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
PV Module Performance and Reliability

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1414-1417
description: Crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) modules are the dominant PV technology with about 90%
of the market share at present. Recently, various kinds of high-efficient PV solar cells are commercialized. However,
there is little information available on the reliability and durability of these high-efficient PV modules. In this study,
we investigate the annual degradation rates of two kinds of PV modules composed of single crystalline silicon (sc-Si)
and interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cells using three indices. The results indicate that the annual degradation
rates of the sc-Si and IBC PV modules were 0.0%/Year and 0.7%/Year, respectively. The high annual degradation
rates showed by IBC PV modules would be due to the effects of potential induced degradation (PID).