Spinestis Saaristo &amp; Marusik 2009, gen. n.
Creators: name: Saaristo, Michael
name: Marusik, Yuri
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Oonopidae
Spinestis

description: <i>Spinestis</i>, gen. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D60FE5E2-BF2E-4C8D-8C1D-F4B0FB081B0B <i>Type species</i>: <i>Spinestis nikita</i> Saaristo &amp; Marusik, sp. n. from the Crimea. <i>Etymology</i>: Derived from the words "spine" and <i>" Tapinesthis "</i> (an oonopid genus with a somewhat similar palp). Th e gender is feminine. <i>Composition</i>: Only the type species. <i>Diagnosis</i>: Members of this new genus can be easily distinguished from all know Palaearctic (at least Western Palaearctic) Oonopidae molles, by having 6 pairs of ventral tibial spines on legs I and II (Fig. 9). Th e male palp is similar to that of <i>Tapinesthis inermis</i> (which belongs to a spineless genus) due to the conical structure of the bulb (Fig. 27), but differs in having a stylus on the psembolus. Th e female genital area is also rather different from other West Palaearctic Oonopidae molles, and particularly from the sympatric <i>Oonops pulcher</i> (<i>sensu</i> Thaler 1981), in lacking a distinct translucent receptacle. Th e endogyna with a thin, long, tube like receptaculum serves to easily differentiate <i>Spinestis</i>, gen. n. from all other Mediterranean Oonopidae. <i>Description</i>: As for the type species. <i>Relationships</i>. In terms of the habitus, this new genus resembles the generotypes of <i>Oonops</i> Templeton, 1835 and <i>Oonopinus</i> Simon, 1893. These three genera are similar in having lock-spines on the first two pairs of legs, and a stylus on the psembolus (only one European species attributed to <i>Oonops,</i> <i>O. domesticus</i> Dalmas, 1916, lacks a stylus. However, there are several significant differences: 1) <i>Spinestis</i>, gen. n. has a greater number of tibial spines (6 pairs) than any other oonopids (4–5 pairs in European <i>Oonops</i> sensu lato and <i>Oonopinus</i>); 2) Th e stylus (<i>St</i>) of the psembolus is fixed (unflexible) and strongly turned (it is flexible in <i>Oonops pulcher</i>, and never turned in <i>Oonopinus</i>); 3) All <i>Oonops</i> sensu lato and <i>Oonopinus</i> have a globular bulb, and the base of the psembolus is easily visible (Figs 28–29), whereas in the new genus the bulb is conical and the origin of the psembolus is inconspicuous. In addition, the vulva of <i>Spinestis</i>, gen. n. has an unusually long “receptacle” (<i>Se</i>), which has no widening in the terminal region. The palpal bulb of the new species resembles that of <i>Tapinesthis inermis</i> (Fig. 23) and the recently described <i>Megaoonops avrona</i> Saaristo, 2007. In all three species it is conical, but all other characters are entirely different. <i>T. inermis</i> has no leg spines, has a more or less distinct pattern on the carapace (Fig. 12), a simple psembolus lacking a stylus (Figs 13, 27), with its opening on the tapering tip as in <i>Orchestina flagella</i> Saaristo et van Harten, 2006 or <i>Segestria</i> spp. (Segestriidae). Th e new genus differs from <i>M. avrona</i> in having lockspines and by lacking spines on legs III and IV, having much shorter legs, possessing a stylus and several other characters. Females of the three genera have very different genitalia. In <i>T. inermis</i> the epigastric scutum is covered with dense hairs and has a large translucent pattern (Fig. 14). In <i>M. avrona</i> the receptacula are situated far from the epigastric furrow (Fig. 19). Aside from <i>Oonops</i> <i>s.l</i>., <i>Oonopinus</i> and <i>Spinestis</i>, gen. n., lock-spines are known in <i>Ischnothyreus</i> Simon, 1893, <i>Ischnothyrella</i> Saaristo, 2001 and <i>Liyonneta</i> Benoit, 1979, These genera belong to two different genus groups of scutate oonopids (Saaristo 2001). At present, it is unclear which genus of Oonopidae is most closely related to <i>Spinestis</i>, gen. n. on the basis of morphology, but the genus is more similar to <i>Oonops</i> and <i>Oonopinus</i> (due to presence of lock-spines, a stylus and in the shape of the epigyne) than it is to <i>Tapinesthis</i> or <i>Megaoonops</i>. <i>Distribution.</i> South Crimea only, western and eastern shores.
description: Published as part of <i>Saaristo, Michael &amp; Marusik, Yuri, 2009, A new species and genus of oonopid spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Ukraine, pp. 63-74 in ZooKeys 24 (24)</i> on pages 64-65, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.24.278, http://zenodo.org/record/576552
description: {"references": ["Thaler K (1981) Bemerkenswerte Spinnenfunde in Nordtirol (Osterreich). Veroffentlichungen des Museum Ferdinandeum, 61: 105 - 150.", "Dalmas R (1916) Revision du genre Orchestina E. S., suive de la description de nouvelles especes du genre Oonops et d'une etude sur les Dictynidae du genre Scotolathys. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 85: 203 - 258.", "Saaristo MI (2007) The Oonopid spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae) of Israel. Arthropoda Selecta 15 (2): 119 - 140.", "Saaristo MI, Harten A van (2006) Th e oonopid spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae) of mainland Yemen. Fauna of Arabia 21: 127 - 157.", "Saaristo MI (2001) Dwarf hunting spiders or Oonopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Seychelles. Insect Systemetic and Evolution 32: 307 - 358."]}