cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Decoherence Effects in a Three-Level System under Gaussian Process
Creators: name: Zangi, Sultan Mahmood
name: Rahman, Atta ur
name: Ji, ZhaoXu
name: Ai, Hazrat
name: Zhang, HuanGuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When subjected to a classical fluctuating field characterized by a Gaussian process, we examine the {purity} and coherence protection in a three-level quantum system. This symmetry of the three-level system is examined when the local random field is investigated further in the noiseless and noisy regimes. In~particular, we consider fractional Gaussian, Gaussian, Ornstein--Uhlenbeck, and~power law noisy regimes. We show that the destructive nature of the Ornstein--Uhlenbeck noise toward the symmetry of the qutrit to preserve encoded {purity and coherence} remains large. Our findings suggest that properly adjusting the noisy parameters to specifically provided values can facilitate optimal extended {purity and coherence} survival. Non-vanishing terms appear in the final density matrix of the single qutrit system, indicating that it is in a strong coherence regime. Because~of all of the Gaussian noises, monotonic decay with no revivals has been observed in the single qutrit system. In~terms of coherence and information preservation, we find that the current qutrit system outperforms systems with multiple qubits or qutrits using purity and von Neumann entropy. A~comparison of noisy and noiseless situations shows that the fluctuating nature of the local random fields is ultimately lost when influenced using the classical Gaussian noises
Characterization of Large Volume 3.5 x 8 inches LaBr3:Ce Detectors
Creators: name: Giaz, A.
name: Pellegri, L.
name: Riboldi, S.
name: Camera, F.
name: Blasi, N.
name: Boiano, C.
name: Bracco, A.
name: Brambilla, S.
name: Ceruti, S.
name: Coelli, S.
name: Crespi, F. C. L.
name: Csatlòs, M.
name: Frega, S.
name: Gulyàs, J.
name: Krasznahorkay, A.
name: Lodetti, S.
name: Million, B.
name: Owens, A.
name: Quarati, F.
name: Stuhl, L.
name: Wieland, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of large volume cylindrical 3.5 x 8 inches (89 mm x 203 mm) LaBr3:Ce scintillation detectors coupled to the Hamamatsu R10233-100SEL photo-multiplier tube were investigated. These crystals are among the largest ones ever produced and still need to be fully characterized to determine how these detectors can be utilized and in which applications. We tested the detectors using monochromatic gamma-ray sources and in-beam reactions producing gamma rays up to 22.6 MeV; we acquired PMT signal pulses and calculated detector energy resolution and response linearity as a function of gamma-ray energy. Two different voltage dividers were coupled to the Hamamatsu R10233-100SEL PMT: the Hamamatsu E1198-26, based on straightforward resistive network design, and the LABRVD, specifically designed for our large volume LaBr3:Ce scintillation detectors, which also includes active semiconductor devices. Because of the extremely high light yield of LaBr3:Ce crystals we observed that, depending on the choice of PMT, voltage divider and applied voltage, some significant deviation from the ideally proportional response of the detector and some pulse shape deformation appear. In addition, crystal non-homogeneities and PMT gain drifts affect the (measured) energy resolution especially in case of high-energy gamma rays. We also measured the time resolution of detectors with different sizes (from 1x1 inches up to 3.5x8 inches), correlating the results with both the intrinsic properties of PMTs and GEANT simulations of the scintillation light collection process. The detector absolute full energy efficiency was measured and simulated up to gamma-rays of 30 MeV
The mechanics of first order splay faulting: The strike-slip case
Creators: name: Scholz, Christopher H.
name: Ando, Ryosuke
name: Shaw, Bruce E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Earthquakes
Geology, Structural
Faults (Geology)
Seismology
Plate tectonics

description: First order splay faults, as defined here, are secondary faults that form at acute angles symmetrically on either side of a primary fault of the same sense of shear. We show that these faults form when the primary fault becomes critically misaligned with the principal stresses such that splay fault formation, on the optimum plane for faulting, is favored. First order splay faults, in distinction from other splay faults, are secondary only in the temporal sense – they are subsequent but not subordinate, in a tectonic sense, to the primary fault. Here we analyze the case of strike-slip faults, and compare it with data for several continental transform fault systems, where we show that the splay faults form in the most favorable direction: parallel to the plate motion vector. We also discuss and speculate on several outstanding problems with regard to first order splay faults: the placement of them in space, means by which primary faults become misoriented in the stress field, and the mechanics of first order splay fault-primary fault junctions, once formed.
Toll-Like receptor signaling in Pocillopora damicornis
Creators: name: Lokender Kumar
name: Lyn-Goin, Matthew
name: Monsurat  Olaosebikan
name: Roger, Liza
name: Reich, Hannah
name: Putnam, Hollie
name: Nastassja  Lewinski
name: Rohit Singh
name: Daniels, Noah
name: Cowen, Lenore
name: Klein-Seetharaman, Judith
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2020

description: Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in Pocillopora damicornis

 Lokender Kumar1, Matthew Lyn-Goin1, Monsurat Olaosebikan2, Liza Roger3, Hannah Reich4, Hollie M. Putnam4, Nastassja Lewinski3, Rohit Singh5, Noah Daniels6, Lenore Cowen2 and Judith Klein-Seetharaman1
 1Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO
 2Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Boston, MA
 3Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA
 4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, RI
 5MIT Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA
 6Department of Computer Science and Statistics, University of Rhode Island, RI

 Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in innate immunity. These membrane glycoprotein receptors recognize and respond to a variety of microbial components such as lipopeptides, peptidoglycans, lipopolysaccharide, flagellin, DNA, and RNA from viruses or bacteria. Viruses and bacteria are the most abundant biological entries in seawater and live in close association with corals. The chemical crosstalk between corals and microbes plays an important role in coral growth and development. In the present study, we used our remote homology detection pipeline [1] to find human TLR protein homologs in Pocillopora damicornis. Our results showed the presence of unique TLR homologs in the coral P. damicornis. Further, using leucine rich sequence analysis and ligand active site structural analysis, we have provided the significant preliminary evidence for the presence of TLR homologs in P. damicornis. Our results provide valuable insights for the presence of a comprehensive innate immunity in corals. This research may provide valuable information to understand the coral immune system and the evolution of innate immunity in humans over the course of evolution.
 [1] Monsurat Olaosebikan, Matthew Lynn-Goin, Lokender Kumar, Nathanael Brenner, Nastassja Lewinski, Rohit Singh, Lenore Cowen, Noah Daniels and Judith Klein-Seetharaman (2020)
 Pipeline for Discovery of Remote Homologues in Non-Model Organisms. Pacific Symposium of Biocomputing January 2021, Abstract.
Surface density of states and tunneling spectroscopy of a spin-3/2 superconductor with Bogoliubov Fermi Surfaces
Creators: name: Ohashi, Ryoi
name: Kobayashi, Shingo
name: Kanazawa, Shotaro
name: Tanaka, Yukio
name: Kawaguchi, Yuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bogoliubov Fermi surfaces of superconducting states arise from point or line nodes by breaking time-reversal symmetry. Because line and point nodes often accompany topologically protected zero-energy surface Andreev bound states (ASBSs) and thereby lead to a characteristic zero-bias conductance peak (ZBCP) in tunneling spectroscopy, we investigate how these properties change when the line and point nodes deform into BFSs. In this paper, we consider spin-quintet $J_{\rm pair}=2$ pairing states of spin-3/2 electrons with BFSs and calculate the surface density of states and the charge conductance. Comparing the obtained results with the cases of spin-singlet $d$-wave pairing states having the same symmetry, we find that the ZBCP associated with point and/or line nodes is blunted or split in accordance with the appearance of the BFSs. On the other hand, when the spin-singlet $d$-wave state has point nodes but does not have SABS on the surface, we obtain a nonzero small electron conductivity at zero bias through the zero-energy states on the BFSs.
Spectrum of a diffusion operator with coefficient changing sign over a small inclusion
Creators: name: Chesnel, Lucas
name: Claeys, Xavier
name: Nazarov, Sergei A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35H99, 35P20, 35P15, 35Q60, 65N25

description: We study a spectral problem $(\mathscr{P}^δ)$ for a diffusion like equation in a 3D domain $Ω$. The main originality lies in the presence of a parameter $σ^δ$, whose sign changes on $Ω$, in the principal part of the operator we consider. More precisely, $σ^δ$ is positive on $Ω$ except in a small inclusion of size $δ>0$. Because of the sign-change of $σ^δ$, for all $δ>0$ the spectrum of $(\mathscr{P}^δ)$ consists of two sequences converging to $\pm\infty$. However, at the limit $δ=0$, the small inclusion vanishes so that there should only remain positive spectrum for $(\mathscr{P}^δ)$. What happens to the negative spectrum? In this paper, we prove that the positive spectrum of $(\mathscr{P}^δ)$ tends to the spectrum of the problem without the small inclusion. On the other hand, we establish that each negative eigenvalue of $(\mathscr{P}^δ)$ behaves like $δ^{-2}μ$ for some constant $μ<0$. We also show that the eigenfunctions associated with the negative eigenvalues are localized around the small inclusion. We end the article providing 2D numerical experiments illustrating these results.
Tropical cyclones in climate models
Creators: name: Camargo, Suzana J.
name: Wing, Allison A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Tropical meteorology
Climatology--Mathematical models
Cyclones--Mathematical models
Climatic changes
Hydrology
Atmosphere

description: In this review, we provide a historical overview of the simulation of tropical cyclones (TCs) in climate models, from the first attempts in the 1970s to the current state-of-the-art models. We discuss the status of TC simulation across multiple time scales, from intraseasonal, seasonal, and decadal, to climate change. One of the limitations on the simulation of TCs in climate models has been, and continues to be, balancing the high resolution necessary to accurately simulate TCs themselves with the need to run simulations for many years and using many ensemble members. Several approaches to inferring TC activity indirectly, rather than relying on the models own under-resolved TCs, are reviewed, including the use of TC genesis indices based on the large-scale environment and downscaling methods such as the use of regional climate models and statistical–dynamical techniques. We also provide an update on the status of climate change projections from the current class of models, where it is feasible to directly track the model's TCs. While there has been great progress in the capability of climate models to simulate TCs and provide useful forecasts and projections across multiple time scales, there remains much work to be done. We list some of the sources of uncertainty and model sensitivity, describe where improvements are necessary, and provide a few suggestions for promising research directions.
Xenorhina parkerorum Zweifel 1972
Creators: name: Miracle, Eulàlia Gassó
name: Van, Lars W.
name: Ostende, Den Hoek
name: Arntzen, Jan Willem
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Microhylidae
Xenorhina
Xenorhina parkerorum

description: Xenorhina parkerorum Zweifel, 1972
Zweifel, 1972a. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 148: 539; figs. 77, 78.
Paratypes: RMNH 16619, 1 spec. Loc.: “Tenmasigin, 6 km. N Mabilabol, West Irian” [Indonesia]. Leg.: Nieuw Guinea Expeditie, 1959.
RMNH 16666, 1 spec. Loc.: “Tibigi, Huria River, 1600 m (5250 ft.), Southern Highlands District, Territory of Papua ” [Papua New Guinea]. Leg.: W. Vink.
 Remarks. The holotype is in the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge, Massachusetts (MCZ 81678). Zweifel (1972a: 539) also listed paratypes in the American Museum of Natural History in New York (AMNH 84589, 84555), in the Museum of Comparitive Zoology in Cambridge, Massachusetts (MCZ 80509) and in the South African Museum in Cape Town (SAM 6404, 6405).
description: Published as part of Miracle, Eulàlia Gassó, Van, Lars W., Ostende, Den Hoek & Arntzen, Jan Willem, 2007, Type specimens of amphibians in the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 25-68 in Zootaxa 1482 on pages 59-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176896
Can we bypass no-go theorem for Ricci-inverse Gravity?
Creators: name: Das, Indranil
name: Johnson, Joseph P
name: Shankaranarayanan, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Amendola et al. proposed a geometrical theory of gravity containing higher-order derivative terms. The authors introduced anticurvature scalar $(A)$, which is the trace of the inverse of the Ricci tensor ($A^{μν} = R_{μν}^{-1}$). In this work, we consider two classes of Ricci-inverse -- Class I and Class II -- models. Class I models are of the form $f(R, A)$ where $f$ is a function of Ricci and anticurvature scalars. Class II models are of the form ${\cal F}(R, A^{μν}A_{μν})$ where ${\cal F}$ is a function of Ricci scalar and square of anticurvature tensor. For both these classes of models, we numerically solve the modified Friedmann equations in the redshift range $1500 < z < 0$. We show that the late-time evolution of the Universe, i.e., evolution from matter-dominated epoch to accelerated expansion epoch, \emph{can not} be explained by these two classes of models. Using the reduced action approach, we show that we \emph{can not bypass} the no-go theorem for Ricci-inverse gravity models. Finally, we discuss the implications of our analysis for the early-Universe cosmology.
description: V2: Version accepted in EPJ-Plus, 35 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables
Biosignature Gases in H2-Dominated Atmospheres on Rocky Exoplanets
Creators: name: Seager, S.
name: Bains, W.
name: Hu, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) Super Earth exoplanets are being discovered with increasing frequency and some will be able to retain stable H2-dominated atmospheres. We study biosignature gases on exoplanets with thin H2 atmospheres and habitable surface temperatures, by using a model atmosphere with photochemistry, and biomass estimate framework for evaluating the plausibilty of a range of biosignature gas candidates. We find that photochemically produced H atoms are the most abundant reactive species in H2 atmospheres. In atmospheres with high CO2 levels, atomic O is the major destructive species for some molecules. In sun-Earth-like UV radiation environments, H (and in some cases O) will rapidly destroy nearly all biosignature gases of interest. The lower UV fluxes from UV quiet M stars would produce a lower concentration of H (or O) for the same scenario, enabling some biosignature gases to accumulate. The favorability of low-UV radiation environments to in an H2 atmosphere is closely analogous to the case of oxidized atmospheres, where photochemically produced OH is the major destructive species. Most potential biosignature gases, such as DMS and CH3Cl are therefore more favorable in low UV, as compared to solar-like UV, environments. A few promising biosignature gas candidates, including NH3 and N2O, are favorable even in solar-like UV environments, as these gases are destroyed directly by photolysis and not by H (or O). A more subtle finding is that most gases produced by life that are fully hydrogenated forms of an element, such as CH4, H2S, are not effective signs of life in an H2-rich atmosphere, because the dominant atmospheric chemistry will generate such gases abiologically, through photochemistry or geochemistry. Suitable biosignature gases in H2-rich atmospheres for super Earth exoplanets transiting M stars could potentially be detected in transmission spectra with the JWST.
description: ApJ, in press
Cultural Bias and Cultural Alignment of Large Language Models
Creators: name: Tao, Yan
name: Viberg, Olga
name: Baker, Ryan S.
name: Kizilcec, Rene F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Culture fundamentally shapes people's reasoning, behavior, and communication. As people increasingly use generative artificial intelligence (AI) to expedite and automate personal and professional tasks, cultural values embedded in AI models may bias people's authentic expression and contribute to the dominance of certain cultures. We conduct a disaggregated evaluation of cultural bias for five widely used large language models (OpenAI's GPT-4o/4-turbo/4/3.5-turbo/3) by comparing the models' responses to nationally representative survey data. All models exhibit cultural values resembling English-speaking and Protestant European countries. We test cultural prompting as a control strategy to increase cultural alignment for each country/territory. For recent models (GPT-4, 4-turbo, 4o), this improves the cultural alignment of the models' output for 71-81% of countries and territories. We suggest using cultural prompting and ongoing evaluation to reduce cultural bias in the output of generative AI.
title: Dschihad
title: Eine salafistische und sufische Quran-Auslegung als Gegenstand der religionspädagogischen Reflexion
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Elfeshawi, Amin
Publisher: name: Universität Graz
Year: 2019

description: Salafistisch-dschihadistische Propaganda erreichte in den letzten Jahren auch Österreich. Wie aus den Berichten von Sicherheitsbehörden zu entnehmen ist, wurden hierzulande hunderte junge MuslimInnen rekrutiert. Dem islamischen Religionsunterricht kann im Zuge dessen eine noch bedeutsamere Rolle zukommen, indem dieser im Sinne einer Extremismusprävention ideologische Konzepte theologisch dekonstruiert. Dieser Artikel soll eine Hilfeleistung diesbezüglich darstellen.
description: Salafist-jihadist propaganda has also reached Austria in recent years. As reports of security agencies show, hundreds of young Muslims were recruited in this country. In the course of this, Islamic religious education can play an even more significant role, as it deconstructs ideological concepts by theological means. This article suggests an educational approach for a possible deconstruction.
description: Österreichisches Religionspägadogisches Forum, 27(1), 106-127
Program Merge Conflict Resolution via Neural Transformers
Creators: name: Svyatkovskiy, Alexey
name: Fakhoury, Sarah
name: Ghorbani, Negar
name: Mytkowicz, Todd
name: Dinella, Elizabeth
name: Bird, Christian
name: Jang, Jinu
name: Sundaresan, Neel
name: Lahiri, Shuvendu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Collaborative software development is an integral part of the modern software development life cycle, essential to the success of large-scale software projects. When multiple developers make concurrent changes around the same lines of code, a merge conflict may occur. Such conflicts stall pull requests and continuous integration pipelines for hours to several days, seriously hurting developer productivity. To address this problem, we introduce MergeBERT, a novel neural program merge framework based on token-level three-way differencing and a transformer encoder model. By exploiting the restricted nature of merge conflict resolutions, we reformulate the task of generating the resolution sequence as a classification task over a set of primitive merge patterns extracted from real-world merge commit data. Our model achieves 63-68% accuracy for merge resolution synthesis, yielding nearly a 3x performance improvement over existing semi-structured, and 2x improvement over neural program merge tools. Finally, we demonstrate that MergeBERT is sufficiently flexible to work with source code files in Java, JavaScript, TypeScript, and C# programming languages. To measure the practical use of MergeBERT, we conduct a user study to evaluate MergeBERT suggestions with 25 developers from large OSS projects on 122 real-world conflicts they encountered. Results suggest that in practice, MergeBERT resolutions would be accepted at a higher rate than estimated by automatic metrics for precision and accuracy. Additionally, we use participant feedback to identify future avenues for improvement of MergeBERT.
description: ESEC/FSE '22 camera ready version. 12 pages, 4 figures, online appendix
Multi-cohort analysis of host immune response identifies conserved protective and detrimental modules associated with severity irrespective of virus
Creators: name: Zheng, Hong
name: Rao, Aditya M
name: Dermadi, Denis
name: Jiaying Toh
name: Jones, Lara Murphy
name: Donato, Michele
name: Yiran Liu
name: Yapeng Su
name: Dai, Cheng
name: Kornilov, Sergey
name: Karagiannis, Minas
name: Marantos, Theodoros
name: Hasin-Brumshtein, Yehudit
name: Yudong He
name: Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J
name: Heath, Jim
name: Purvesh Khatri
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2020

description: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the fourth pandemic of the decade, has underscored gaps in global pandemic preparedness and the need for generalizable tests to avert overwhelming healthcare systems worldwide, irrespective of a virus. We integrated 4,780 blood transcriptome profiles from patients infected with one of 16 viruses across 34 independent cohorts from 18 countries, and scRNA-seq profiles of 702,970 immune cells from 289 samples across three independent cohorts. We found a myeloid cell-dominated conserved host response associated with severity. It showed increased hematopoiesis, myelopoiesis, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells with increased severity. We identified four gene modules that delineate distinct trajectories associated with mild and severe outcomes, and show the interferon response was decoupled from protective host response during severe viral infection. These modules distinguished non-severe from severe viral infection with clinically useful accuracy. Our findings provide insights into immune response dynamics during viral infection, and identify factors that may influence patient outcomes.
Self-normalized Cramér type moderate deviations for the maximum of sums
Creators: name: Liu, Weidong
name: Shao, Qi-Man
name: Wang, Qiying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $X_1,X_2,...$ be independent random variables with zero means and finite variances, and let $S_n=\sum_{i=1}^nX_i$ and $V^2_n=\sum_{i=1}^nX^2_i$. A Cramér type moderate deviation for the maximum of the self-normalized sums $\max_{1\leq k\leq n}S_k/V_n$ is obtained. In particular, for identically distributed $X_1,X_2,...,$ it is proved that $P(\max_{1\leq k\leq n}S_k\geq xV_n)/(1-Φ(x))\rightarrow2$ uniformly for $0
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/12-BEJ415 the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm)
Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis based on Gait Cycle Analysis Through an Interpretable Interval Type-2 Neuro-Fuzzy System
Creators: name: Salimi-Badr, Armin
name: Hashemi, Mohammad
name: Saffari, Hamidreza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, an interpretable classifier using an interval type-2 fuzzy neural network for detecting patients suffering from Parkinson's Disease (PD) based on analyzing the gait cycle is presented. The proposed method utilizes clinical features extracted from the vertical Ground Reaction Force (vGRF), measured by 16 wearable sensors placed in the soles of subjects' shoes and learns interpretable fuzzy rules. Therefore, experts can verify the decision made by the proposed method based on investigating the firing strength of interpretable fuzzy rules. Moreover, experts can utilize the extracted fuzzy rules for patient diagnosing or adjust them based on their knowledge. To improve the robustness of the proposed method against uncertainty and noisy sensor measurements, Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic is applied. To learn fuzzy rules, two paradigms are proposed: 1- A batch learning approach based on clustering available samples is applied to extract initial fuzzy rules, 2- A complementary online learning is proposed to improve the rule base encountering new labeled samples. The performance of the method is evaluated for classifying patients and healthy subjects in different conditions including the presence of noise or observing new instances. Moreover, the performance of the model is compared to some previous supervised and unsupervised machine learning approaches. The final Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1 Score of the proposed method are 88.74%, 89.41%, 95.10%, and 92.16%. Finally, the extracted fuzzy sets for each feature are reported.
title: Zu den Ebenen der Beziehungen zwischen Religionspädagogik und Politik
title: Überlegungen im Anschluss an die Einführung des Konzepts der ‚interreligiösen Kompetenz’ in den Curricula der Pädagogischen Hochschulen in Österreich
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Schlager-Weidinger, Thomas
name: Lehmann, Karsten
Publisher: name: Universität Graz
Year: 2019

description: Der Artikel präsentiert die Sekundäranalyse von Daten aus einem Projekt zur Einführung des Konzepts der ‚interreligiösen Kompetenz’ in die Curricula der Pädagogischen Hochschulen in Österreich, das in den Jahren 2016/2017 durchgeführt worden ist. Im Anschluss an Pierre Bourdieu verweisen die Autoren zunächst auf die besondere Position der Religionspädagogik an den Grenzen unterschiedlicher sozialer Felder. Auf dieser Basis unterstreichen sie, dass die konkreten Debatten um das Konzept der ‚interreligiösen Kompetenz’ im Rahmen der Curriculumserstellung an den Pädagogischen Hochschulen ohne den Rekurs auf Politik nicht zu verstehen sind. Diese Debatten sind gekennzeichnet durch eine Konfliktlage auf zwei Ebenen: (a) zwischen säkularen und religiösen Positionen und (b) zwischen konfessionellen und interreligiösen Positionen.
description: The article presents a secondary analysis of data collected in 2016/17 for a project dealing with the introduction of the concept of ‘interreligious competence’ into the curricula of University Colleges of Education in Austria. On the basis of Pierre Bourdieus’ field theory, the authors start with references to the specific place of Religious Education in connection to the social fields of religion, academia and politics. On this basis, they underline that the concrete debates on the concept of ‘interreligious competence’ – within the context of it’s integration into the curricula – can not be adequately understood without references to politics. Actually these debates are characterized by a two-level conflict between (a) secular and religious positions and (b) confessional and interreligious positions.
description: Österreichisches Religionspägadogisches Forum, 27(1), 128-144
Prioritized Experience-based Reinforcement Learning with Human Guidance for Autonomous Driving
Creators: name: Wu, Jingda
name: Huang, Zhiyu
name: Huang, Wenhui
name: Lv, Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reinforcement learning (RL) requires skillful definition and remarkable computational efforts to solve optimization and control problems, which could impair its prospect. Introducing human guidance into reinforcement learning is a promising way to improve learning performance. In this paper, a comprehensive human guidance-based reinforcement learning framework is established. A novel prioritized experience replay mechanism that adapts to human guidance in the reinforcement learning process is proposed to boost the efficiency and performance of the reinforcement learning algorithm. To relieve the heavy workload on human participants, a behavior model is established based on an incremental online learning method to mimic human actions. We design two challenging autonomous driving tasks for evaluating the proposed algorithm. Experiments are conducted to access the training and testing performance and learning mechanism of the proposed algorithm. Comparative results against the state-of-the-art methods suggest the advantages of our algorithm in terms of learning efficiency, performance, and robustness.
Tropical cyclones and climate change
Creators: name: Walsh, Kevin J. E.
name: McBride, John L.
name: Klotzbach, Philip J.
name: Balachandran, Sethurathinam
name: Camargo, Suzana J.
name: Holland, Greg
name: Knutson, Thomas R.
name: Kossin, James P.
name: Lee, Tsz-Cheung
name: Sobel, Adam H.
name: Sugi, Masato
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Cyclones--Mathematical models
Tropical meteorology
Climatic changes
Hydrology
Atmosphere

description: Recent research has strengthened the understanding of the links between climate and tropical cyclones (TCs) on various timescales. Geological records of past climates have shown century-long variations in TC numbers. While no significant trends have been identified in the Atlantic since the late 19th century, significant observed trends in TC numbers and intensities have occurred in this basin over the past few decades, and trends in other basins are increasingly being identified. However, understanding of the causes of these trends is incomplete, and confidence in these trends continues to be hampered by a lack of consistent observations in some basins. A theoretical basis for maximum TC intensity appears now to be well established, but a climate theory of TC formation remains elusive. Climate models mostly continue to predict future decreases in global TC numbers, projected increases in the intensities of the strongest storms and increased rainfall rates. Sea level rise will likely contribute toward increased storm surge risk. Against the background of global climate change and sea level rise, it is important to carry out quantitative assessments on the potential risk of TC-induced storm surge and flooding to densely populated cities and river deltas. Several climate models are now able to generate a good distribution of both TC numbers and intensities in the current climate. Inconsistent TC projection results emerge from modeling studies due to different downscaling methodologies and warming scenarios, inconsistencies in projected changes of large-scale conditions, and differences in model physics and tracking algorithms.
The insidious boosting of TP-AGB stars in intermediate-age Magellanic Cloud clusters
Creators: name: Girardi, Leo
name: Marigo, Paola
name: Bressan, Alessandro
name: Rosenfield, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) In the recent controversy about the role of TP-AGB stars in evolutionary population synthesis (EPS) models of galaxies, one particular aspect is puzzling: TP-AGB models aimed at reproducing the lifetimes and integrated fluxes of the TP-AGB phase in Magellanic Cloud (MC) clusters, when incorporated into EPS models, are found to overestimate the TP-AGB contribution in resolved star counts and integrated spectra of galaxies. In this paper, we call attention to a particular evolutionary aspect that in all probability is the main cause of this conundrum. As soon as stellar populations intercept the ages at which RGB stars first appear, a sudden change in the lifetime of the core He-burning phase causes a temporary boost in the production rate of subsequent evolutionary phases, including the TP-AGB. For a timespan of about 0.1 Gyr, triple TP-AGB branches develop at slightly different initial masses, causing their frequency and contribution to the integrated luminosity of the stellar population to increase by a factor of 2. The boost occurs just in the proximity of the expected peak in the TP-AGB lifetimes, and for ages of 1.6 Gyr. Coincidently, this relatively narrow age interval happens to contain the few very massive MC clusters that host most of the TP-AGB stars used to constrain stellar evolution and EPS models. This concomitance makes the AGB-boosting particularly insidious in the context of present EPS models. The effect brings about three main consequences. (1) Present estimates of the TP-AGB contribution to the integrated light of galaxies derived from MC clusters, are biased towards too large values. (2) The relative TP-AGB contribution of single-burst populations falling in this critical age range cannot be accurately derived by the fuel consumption theorem. (3) A careful revision of AGB star populations in intermediate-age MC clusters is urgently demanded.
description: ApJ accepted, 12 pages
Logical Activation Functions: Logit-space equivalents of Probabilistic Boolean Operators
Creators: name: Lowe, Scott C.
name: Earle, Robert
name: d'Eon, Jason
name: Trappenberg, Thomas
name: Oore, Sageev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The choice of activation functions and their motivation is a long-standing issue within the neural network community. Neuronal representations within artificial neural networks are commonly understood as logits, representing the log-odds score of presence of features within the stimulus. We derive logit-space operators equivalent to probabilistic Boolean logic-gates AND, OR, and XNOR for independent probabilities. Such theories are important to formalize more complex dendritic operations in real neurons, and these operations can be used as activation functions within a neural network, introducing probabilistic Boolean-logic as the core operation of the neural network. Since these functions involve taking multiple exponents and logarithms, they are computationally expensive and not well suited to be directly used within neural networks. Consequently, we construct efficient approximations named $\text{AND}_\text{AIL}$ (the AND operator Approximate for Independent Logits), $\text{OR}_\text{AIL}$, and $\text{XNOR}_\text{AIL}$, which utilize only comparison and addition operations, have well-behaved gradients, and can be deployed as activation functions in neural networks. Like MaxOut, $\text{AND}_\text{AIL}$ and $\text{OR}_\text{AIL}$ are generalizations of ReLU to two-dimensions. While our primary aim is to formalize dendritic computations within a logit-space probabilistic-Boolean framework, we deploy these new activation functions, both in isolation and in conjunction to demonstrate their effectiveness on a variety of tasks including image classification, transfer learning, abstract reasoning, and compositional zero-shot learning.
ЭКОЛОГО-МЕЛИОРАТИВНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ОСУШЕННОГО ДНА АРАЛЬСКОГО МОРЯ
Creators: name: Идирисов К.А.1, Бобомуродов Ш.М.2, Мирзамбетов А.Б.3 1 Mеждународный инновационный центр Приаралья при Министерстве экологии, охраны окружающей среды и изменения климата республики Узбекистан, г Нукус 230100,Нукусский район, ССГ Саманбай, Республика Каракалпакстан, Узбекистан, kamal-9228@mail.ru:  2Научно исследовательского института Почвоведения и агрохимических исследовании,  г. Ташкент 111202, Кибрайский район,ССГ Ботанический, Ташкентская область Узбекистан, tuproqshunoslik@umail.uz: 3Каракалпакского института сельского хозяйства и агротехнологии, Нукус 230100, Город: Нукус, ул. Абдамбетова, Республика Каракалпакстан,
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Аннотация. В статье изложены материалы, полученные в результате исследовании юго-восточной части обсохшего дна Аральского моря. В ходе исследовании были заложены почвенные разрезы по общепринятым в почвоведении методикам и отобраны образцы донных отложении для последующих химических анализов. В лабораторных исследованиях были проведены анализы водной вытяжки, в результате которых были выявлены количество воднорастворимых солей (плотный остаток), анионы, катионы, химизм и степень засоления, а также pH показатели. 
Ключевые слова. Плотный остаток, анионы, катионы, ионы, степень засоления, тип засоления, генетические горизонты.
Multi-Class Anomaly Detection
Creators: name: Singh, Suresh
name: Luo, Minwei
name: Li, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2

description: We study anomaly detection for the case when the normal class consists of more than one object category. This is an obvious generalization of the standard one-class anomaly detection problem. However, we show that jointly using multiple one-class anomaly detectors to solve this problem yields poorer results as compared to training a single one-class anomaly detector on all normal object categories together. We further develop a new anomaly detector called DeepMAD that learns compact distinguishing features by exploiting the multiple normal objects categories. This algorithm achieves higher AUC values for different datasets compared to two top performing one-class algorithms that either are trained on each normal object category or jointly trained on all normal object categories combined. In addition to theoretical results we present empirical results using the CIFAR-10, fMNIST, CIFAR-100, and a new dataset we developed called RECYCLE.
description: 13 pages
Learning Noise-Robust Joint Representation for Multimodal Emotion Recognition under Incomplete Data Scenarios
Creators: name: Fan, Qi
name: Zuo, Haolin
name: Liu, Rui
name: Lian, Zheng
name: Gao, Guanglai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multimodal emotion recognition (MER) in practical scenarios is significantly challenged by the presence of missing or incomplete data across different modalities. To overcome these challenges, researchers have aimed to simulate incomplete conditions during the training phase to enhance the system's overall robustness. Traditional methods have often involved discarding data or substituting data segments with zero vectors to approximate these incompletenesses. However, such approaches neither accurately represent real-world conditions nor adequately address the issue of noisy data availability. For instance, a blurry image cannot be simply replaced with zero vectors, while still retaining information. To tackle this issue and develop a more precise MER system, we introduce a novel noise-robust MER model that effectively learns robust multimodal joint representations from noisy data. This approach includes two pivotal components: firstly, a noise scheduler that adjusts the type and level of noise in the data to emulate various realistic incomplete situations. Secondly, a Variational AutoEncoder (VAE)-based module is employed to reconstruct these robust multimodal joint representations from the noisy inputs. Notably, the introduction of the noise scheduler enables the exploration of an entirely new type of incomplete data condition, which is impossible with existing methods. Extensive experimental evaluations on the benchmark datasets IEMOCAP and CMU-MOSEI demonstrate the effectiveness of the noise scheduler and the excellent performance of our proposed model. Our project is publicly available on https://github.com/WooyoohL/Noise-robust_MER.
description: Accepted by MRAC@ACM Multimedia 2024
An autonomous compartmental model for accelerating epidemics
Creators: name: Budanur, Nazmi Burak
name: Hof, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In Fall 2020, several European countries reported rapid increases in COVID-19 cases along with growing estimates of the effective reproduction rates. Such an acceleration in epidemic spread is usually attributed to time-dependent effects, e.g. human travel, seasonal behavioral changes, mutations of the pathogen etc. In this case however the acceleration occurred when counter measures such as testing and contact tracing exceeded their capacity limit. Considering Austria as an example, here we show that this dynamics can be captured by a time-independent, i.e. autonomous, compartmental model that incorporates these capacity limits. In this model, the epidemic acceleration coincides with the exhaustion of mitigation efforts, resulting in an increasing fraction of undetected cases that drive the effective reproduction rate progressively higher. We demonstrate that standard models which does not include this effect necessarily result in a systematic underestimation of the effective reproduction rate.
The Importance of the Montreal Protocol in Mitigating the Potential Intensity of Tropical Cyclones
Creators: name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
name: Camargo, Suzana J.
name: Garcia, Rolando R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Weather forecasting
Atmospheric circulation
Atmospheric circulation--Mathematical models
Cyclones
Meteorology
Atmosphere
Atmospheric chemistry

description: The impact of the Montreal Protocol on the potential intensity of tropical cyclones over the next 50 years is investigated with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM), a state-of-the-art, stratosphere-resolving atmospheric model, coupled to land, ocean, and sea ice components, with interactive stratospheric chemistry. An ensemble of WACCM runs from 2006 to 2065 forced with a standard future scenario is compared to a second ensemble in which ozone-depleting substances (ODS) are not regulated (the so-called World Avoided). It is found that by the year 2065, changes in the potential intensity of tropical cyclones in the World Avoided are nearly 3 times as large as for the standard scenario. The Montreal Protocol thus provides a strong mitigation of the adverse effects of intensifying tropical cyclones. The relative importance of warmer sea surface temperatures (ozone-depleting substances are important greenhouse gases) and cooler lower-stratospheric temperatures (accompanying the massive destruction of the ozone layer) is carefully examined. It is found that the former are largely responsible for the increase in potential intensity in the World Avoided, whereas temperatures above the 70-hPa level—which plunge by nearly 15 K in 2065 in the World Avoided—have no discernible effect on potential intensity. This finding suggests that the modest (compared to the World Avoided) tropical ozone depletion of recent decades has not been a major player in determining the intensity of tropical cyclones, and neither will ozone recovery be in the coming half century.
Two summers of São Paulo drought: Origins in the western tropical Pacific
Creators: name: Seth, Anji
name: De Avila Fernandes, Katia
name: Camargo, Suzana J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Climatology
subject: Droughts
subject: Atmosphere
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Two years of drought in Southeast Brazil have led to water shortages in São Paulo, the country's most populous city. We examine the observed drought during austral summers of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 and the related large-scale dynamics. The 2013–2014 precipitation deficits were more concentrated in the state of São Paulo, while in 2014–2015 moderate deficits were seen throughout the region. We find that a persistent warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the western tropical Pacific Ocean was an important driver of drought via atmospheric teleconnection in the two December–February seasons. The warm SST and associated convective heating initiated a wave train across the South Pacific. The resulting anticyclonic geopotential height anomaly over the southwest Atlantic expanded the westward margin of the South Atlantic high and prevented low-pressure systems from entering southeast Brazil from midlatitudes. This mechanism suggests a hemispheric symmetry to that proposed for the recent California drought.
Post-inflationary preheating with weak coupling
Creators: name: Rudenok, Igor
name: Shtanov, Yuri
name: Vilchinskii, Stanislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particle production in the background of an external classical oscillating field is a key process describing the stage of preheating after inflation. For sufficiently strong couplings between the inflaton and matter fields, this process is known to proceed non-perturbatively. Parametric resonance plays crucial role for bosonic fields in this case, and the evolution of the occupation numbers for fermions is non-perturbative as well. In the Minkowski space, parametric resonance for bosons and non-perturbative effects for fermions would still persist even in the case of weak coupling. In particular, the energy density of created bosons would grow exponentially with time. However, the situation is quite different in the expanding universe. We give a simple demonstration how the conditions of the expanding universe, specifically, redshift of the field modes, lead to the usual perturbative expressions for particle production by an oscillating inflaton in the case of weak couplings. The results that we obtain are relevant and fully applicable to the Starobinsky model of inflation.
description: 17 pages; Phys. Lett. B 733, 2014