cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
First-principles study of luminescence in hexagonal boron nitride single layer: exciton-phonon coupling and the role of substrate
Creators: name: Lechifflart, Pierre
name: Paleari, Fulvio
name: Sangalli, Davide
name: Attaccalite, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a wide band gap material with both strong excitonic light emission in the ultraviolet and strong exciton-phonon coupling. Luminescence experiments performed on the recently synthesized monolayer form (m-hBN) present emission spectra that differ from one another, with some suggesting a coexistence between phonon-assisted and direct emission channels. Motivated by these results, we investigated the optical response of (m-hBN) using a new \textit{ab initio} approach that takes into account the effects of atomic vibrations on the luminescence spectra. We construct the dynamical exciton-phonon self-energy, then use it to perturbatively correct the optical response functions and test this approach on bulk hBN as a benchmark. Within our approach we are able to estimate the renormalisation of the direct peak induced by phonon-assisted transitions, and this allows us to accurately describe spectra where both processes are present. We found that the emission signal of m-hBN is strongly dependent on its interaction with the substrate, which changes its nature from direct to indirect material and modifies the screening felt by the electrons. We attribute the m-hBN emission signal to the bright direct excitons and consider the likelihood of phonon replicas appearing.
Revisiting the SN1987A gamma-ray limit on ultralight axion-like particles
Creators: name: Payez, Alexandre
name: Evoli, Carmelo
name: Fischer, Tobias
name: Giannotti, Maurizio
name: Mirizzi, Alessandro
name: Ringwald, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revise the bound from the supernova SN1987A on the coupling of ultralight axion-like particles (ALPs) to photons. In a core-collapse supernova, ALPs would be emitted via the Primakoff process, and eventually convert into gamma rays in the magnetic field of the Milky Way. The lack of a gamma-ray signal in the GRS instrument of the SMM satellite in coincidence with the observation of the neutrinos emitted from SN1987A therefore provides a strong bound on their coupling to photons. Due to the large uncertainty associated with the current bound, we revise this argument, based on state-of-the-art physical inputs both for the supernova models and for the Milky-Way magnetic field. Furthermore, we provide major amendments, such as the consistent treatment of nucleon-degeneracy effects and of the reduction of the nuclear masses in the hot and dense nuclear medium of the supernova. With these improvements, we obtain a new upper limit on the photon-ALP coupling: g_{aγ} < 5.3 x 10^{-12} GeV^{-1}, for m_a < 4.4 x 10^{-10} eV, and we also give its dependence at larger ALP masses. Moreover, we discuss how much the Fermi-LAT satellite experiment could improve this bound, should a close-enough supernova explode in the near future.
description: Accepted for publication in JCAP (December 22nd, 2014)
Coupled Multiple-response vs. Free-response Conceptual assessment: An Example from upper-division Physics
Creators: name: Wilcox, Bethany R.
name: Pollock, Steven J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Free-response research-based assessments, like the Colorado Upper-division Electrostatics Diagnostic (CUE), provide rich, fine-grained information about students' reasoning. However, because of the difficulties inherent in scoring these assessments, the majority of the large-scale conceptual assessments in physics are multiple-choice. To increase the scalability and usability of the CUE, we set out to create a new version of the assessment that preserves the insights afforded by a free-response format while exploiting the logistical advantages of a multiple-choice assessment. We used our extensive database of responses to the free-response CUE to construct distractors for a new version where students can select multiple responses and receive partial credit based on the accuracy and consistency of their selections. Here, we describe the development of this modified CUE format, which we call coupled multiple-response (CMR), and present data from direct comparisons of both versions. We find that the two formats have the same average score and perform similarly on multiple measures of validity and reliability, suggesting that the new version is a potentially viable alternative to the original CUE for the purpose of large-scale research-based assessment. We also compare the details of student responses on each of the two versions. While the CMR version does not capture the full scope of potential student responses, nearly three-quarters of our students' responses to the free-response version contained one or more elements that matched options provided on the CMR version.
description: 28 pages, 6 figures, in Physical Review Special Topics - Physics Education Research
Machine learning for ultrafast X-ray diffraction patterns on large-scale GPU clusters
Creators: name: Ekeberg, Tomas
name: Engblom, Stefan
name: Liu, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 68W10, 68W15, 68U10

description: The classical method of determining the atomic structure of complex molecules by analyzing diffraction patterns is currently undergoing drastic developments. Modern techniques for producing extremely bright and coherent X-ray lasers allow a beam of streaming particles to be intercepted and hit by an ultrashort high energy X-ray beam. Through machine learning methods the data thus collected can be transformed into a three-dimensional volumetric intensity map of the particle itself. The computational complexity associated with this problem is very high such that clusters of data parallel accelerators are required. We have implemented a distributed and highly efficient algorithm for inversion of large collections of diffraction patterns targeting clusters of hundreds of GPUs. With the expected enormous amount of diffraction data to be produced in the foreseeable future, this is the required scale to approach real time processing of data at the beam site. Using both real and synthetic data we look at the scaling properties of the application and discuss the overall computational viability of this exciting and novel imaging technique.
Localization challenges quantum chaos in the finite two-dimensional Anderson model
Creators: name: Šuntajs, Jan
name: Prosen, Tomaž
name: Vidmar, Lev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is believed that the two-dimensional (2D) Anderson model exhibits localization for any nonzero disorder in the thermodynamic limit and it is also well known that the finite-size effects are considerable in the weak disorder limit. Here we numerically study the quantum-chaos to localization transition in the finite 2D Anderson model using standard indicators used in the modern literature such as the level spacing ratio, spectral form factor, variances of observable matrix elements, participation entropy and the eigenstate entanglement entropy. We show that many features of these indicators may indicate emergence of robust single-particle quantum chaos at weak disorder. However, we argue that a careful numerical analysis is consistent with the single-parameter scaling theory and predicts the breakdown of quantum chaos at any nonzero disorder value in the thermodynamic limit. Among the hallmarks of this breakdown are the universal behavior of the spectral form factor at weak disorder, and the universal scaling of various indicators as a function of the parameter $u = \left(W \ln V\right)^{-1}$ where $W$ is the disorder strength and $V$ is the number of lattice sites.
Radiation Transport for Explosive Outflows: Opacity Regrouping
Creators: name: Wollaeger, Ryan T.
name: van Rossum, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) and Discrete Diffusion Monte Carlo (DDMC) are methods used to stochastically solve the radiative transport and diffusion equations, respectively. These methods combine into a hybrid transport-diffusion method we refer to as IMC-DDMC. We explore a multigroup IMC-DDMC scheme that, in DDMC, combines frequency groups with sufficient optical thickness. We term this procedure "opacity regrouping". Opacity regrouping has previously been applied to IMC-DDMC calculations for problems in which the dependence of the opacity on frequency is monotonic. We generalize opacity regrouping to non-contiguous groups and implement this in \supernu, a code designed to do radiation transport in high-velocity outflows with non-monotonic opacities. We find that regrouping of non-contiguous opacity groups generally improves the speed of IMC-DDMC radiation transport. We present an asymptotic analysis that informs the nature of the Doppler shift in DDMC groups and summarize the derivation of the Gentile-Fleck factor for modified IMC-DDMC. We test \supernu\ using numerical experiments including a quasi-manufactured analytic solution, a simple ten-group problem, and the W7 problem for Type Ia supernovae. We find that the opacity regrouping is necessary to make our IMC-DDMC implementation feasible for the W7 problem and possibly Type Ia supernova simulations in general. We compare the bolometric light curves and spectra produced by the \supernu\ and \phoenix\ radiation transport codes for the W7 problem. The overall shape of the bolometric light curves are in good agreement, as are the spectra and their evolution with time. However, for the numerical specifications we considered, we find that the peak luminosity of the light curve calculated using \supernu\ is $\sim$10% less than that calculated using \phoenix.
description: 22 pages, accepted by ApJS, figure 1 corrected and reference added
现在与未来科研互联,发现新知
Creators: name: Chen, Xiaoli
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: DataCite Member Meeting 2022

description: 陈小立 DataCite年度线上会议 2022年9月 该演讲的录音可在以下网址找到。https://youtu.be/5J_7jswaK-c
Incorporating Shear into Stochastic Eulerian Lagrangian Methods for Rheological Studies of Complex Fluids and Soft Materials
Creators: name: Atzberger, Paul J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We develop computational methods that incorporate shear into fluctuating hydrodynamics methods. We are motivated by the rheological responses of complex fluids and soft materials. Our approach is based on continuum stochastic hydrodynamic equations that are subject to shear boundary conditions on the unit periodic cell in a manner similar to the Lees-Edwards conditions of molecular dynamics. Our methods take into account consistently the microstructure elastic mechanics, fluid-structure hydrodynamic coupling, and thermal fluctuations. For practical simulations, we develop numerical methods for efficient stochastic field generation that handle the sheared generalized periodic boundary conditions. We show that our numerical methods are consistent with fluctuation dissipation balance and near-equilibrium statistical mechanics. As a demonstration in practice, we present several prototype rheological response studies. These include (i) shear thinning of a polymeric fluid, (ii) complex moduli for the oscillatory responses of a polymerized lipid vesicle, and (iii) aging under shear of a gel-like material.
description: software: http://atzberger.org, https://github.com/atzberg/mango-selm. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0910.5739
title: Von der Transformation der Volks- und Kunstmärchen
Creators: name: Rericha, Jacqueline
Year: 2021

description: Das Ergebnis dieser Diplomarbeit soll es sein, darzustellen, dass es der Autorin Cornelia Funke mit ihrer Buchreihe Reckless gelungen ist, das Genre Märchen neu zu beleben und unterschiedlichste Kunst- und Volksmärchen neu beziehungsweise weiter zu interpretieren. Dabei werden in den ersten beiden Bänden vor allem bekannte deutschsprachige Märchen wie jene der Brüder Grimm aufgegriffen, weswegen diese in der Abschlussarbeit auch in den Mittelpunkt der Analyse gestellt werden. Des Weiteren setzt Cornelia Funke diese in einen neuen Kontext und greift sie in ihren Ursprüngen auf, weshalb sich diese Darstellungen viel düsterer erschließen als jene Versionen, die man heutzutage kennt. Durch die Beifügung der Merkmale eines Fantasyromans erhalten die Bücher der Autorin nochmals einen eigenen Charakter. Der Theorieteil der Arbeit soll sich folglich mit der Definition eines Märchens und jener des Fantasyromans auseinandersetzen und die Weiterentwicklung der Gattung Märchen am Beispiel der Buchreihe Reckless demonstrieren. Außerdem soll anhand dessen auch die Intertextualität zu den Märchen der Brüder Grimm gezeigt werden, weswegen auch diese eine wichtige Rolle in diesem Bereich der Arbeit einnehmen werden. Der praktische Teil der Arbeit soll vorweisen, dass das Thema Märchen auch in der Sekundarstufe I und II einen hohen Stellenwert hat, weswegen hierbei die Verortung im Lehrplan erläutert und so die Nutzbarkeit und Einbeziehung der Werke von Cornelia Funke in den deutschen Literaturunterricht gezeigt werden soll.
title: Der Rhetorik der römischen Antike weiterhin verpflichtet?
Creators: name: Strasser, Gisela Maria
Year: 2021

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit definert den antiken Begriff der Rhetorik, beschreibt die ersten Anfänge der antiken Rhetorik in Griechenland und Rom und behandelt ihre jeweiligen Hauptvertreter und deren wichtigste Werke. Auf griechischer Seite werden die Sophisten, vor allem Gorigias und sein rhetorisches System der Gorgianischen Figuren, und Aristoteles mit seinem rhetorischen Hauptwerk, der Rhetorik, behandelt. In Rom ist eine kontinuierliche Fortsetzung der griechischen Rhetoriktheorien erkennbar, ab dem 1. Jhdt. v. Chr. beginnt sowohl die theoretische Darstellung als auch der Unterricht in lateinischer Sprache. Die beiden Hauptvertreter der römischen Rhetorik, Cicero (1. Jhdt. v. Chr.) und Quintilian (1. Jhdt. n. Chr.) werden mit ihren Hauptwerken, der rhetorischen Lehrschrift Ciceros, De oratore, und dem umfangreichen Lehrwerk des Quintilian, Institutio oratoria, vorgestellt und die Kernpunkte dieser Schriften werden herausgearbeitet. Danach erfolgt ein rhetorischer Vergleich zwischen Antike und italienischer Gegenwart, wobei eine Rede Ciceros und zwei Reden italienischer Politiker (Di Pietro, Salvini) auf verbale und nonverbale Strategien untersucht werden. Die nonverbalen Strategien lassen sich nur bei den beiden modernen italienischen Reden zeigen, da es keine Nachrichten oder Beobachtungen zum Vortrag von Ciceros Rede, seiner Gestik und Mimik, gibt. Abschließend lässt sich eine eindeutige Kontinuität der verbalen und nonverbalen Strategien von der Antike bis in die italienische Gegenwart nachweisen, die vor allem dank Quintilians ausführlicher Darstellung antiker nonverbaler Strategien deutlich wird.
title: „Wir pfeifen auf die Umwelt“ oder aber „Wir sind laut, weil man uns die Zukunft klaut!“
Creators: name: Kolb, Manfred
Year: 2021

description: Diese Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit Fragen des Klimawandels aus ethischer und didaktischer Perspektive. Der theoretische Hauptteil versucht den Diskussionsstand der Klimaethik zu erfassen und Wege zum Erreichen von Klimagerechtigkeit aufzuspüren. Das ist Ausgangspunkt für die Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage, wie klimaethische Fragestellungen im Ethikunterricht der Sekundarstufe II an österreichischen Schulen erarbeitet werden können. Dabei wird von der These ausgegangen, dass die globalen Herausforderungen des Klimawandels bei Jugendlichen Überforderung durch übergroßes Engagement oder aber eine Verdrängung des Problems auslösen können. Der Unterrichtsprozess soll deshalb flexibel auf jene konkreten Voreinstellungen von Schülerinnen und Schüler reagieren können, die zu Beginn durch anonyme schriftliche Befragung der Klasse erhoben worden sind. Ziel dabei ist es, die Jugendlichen zu selbstständiger Auseinandersetzung mit dem Themenbereich anzuregen, um ihnen Möglichkeiten zu argumentativer Selbstpositionierung und einem ethischen Urteil zu geben, sowohl den direkten persönlichen klimarelevanten Beitrag als auch die Notwendigkeiten gesellschaftlich-politischer Veränderung betreffend. Bedeutsam sind Unterrichtsmethoden und Projekte, die Schülerinnen und Schülern die Möglichkeit geben, sich als aktiver Teil von Veränderung zu erleben. Eine Unterrichtsreihe wurde schließlich mit den 15-jährigen Jugendlichen dieser Klasse in Ansätzen erprobt, die Unterrichtserfahrung reflektiert und am Schluss der Arbeit dokumentiert.
description: In this Master's thesis climate change is being discussed from ethic and didactic perspectives. The main theoretical part is principally involved with debates on climate ethics and focused on the questions of climate justice. This is the starting point to answer the research question, how ethically important knowledge concerning climate change can be transferred into environmental education with focus on climate at the upper secondary level of Austrian schools. One thesis is that the global challenges of climate change can effectuate overburdening by excessive contributions as well as suppression of the problems amongst young people. This is why the lessons should be able to be adapted to the preoccupations that can be found in this class by an anonymous poll before the start of the chapter. These ethic instruction models have the aim to lead pupils to an autonomous examination of these questions and to give support to find their own arguments and moral decisions concerning their personal contributions against the climate crisis on the one hand and the need of social and political change on the other hand. Methods and projects that enable them to be actively part of a change they can experience are important. Specific tasks have been tried out within a class of 15-year-old adolescents and the results have been considered afterwards.
Generalized Toffoli gate decomposition using ququints: Towards realizing Grover's algorithm with qudits
Creators: name: Nikolaeva, Anastasiia S.
name: Kiktenko, Evgeniy O.
name: Fedorov, Aleksey K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Qubits, which are quantum counterparts of classical bits, are used as basic information units for quantum information processing, whereas underlying physical information carriers, e.g. (artificial) atoms or ions, admit encoding of more complex multilevel states -- qudits. Recently, significant attention is paid to the idea of using qudit encoding as a way for further scaling quantum processors. In this work, we present an efficient decomposition of the generalized Toffoli gate on the five-level quantum systems, so-called ququints, that uses ququints' space as the space of two qubits with a joint ancillary state. The basic two-qubit operation that we use is a version of controlled-phase gate. The proposed $N$-qubit Toffoli gate decomposition has $O(N)$ asymptotic depth using no ancillary qubits. We then apply our results for Grover's algorithm, where we indicate on the sizable advantage of the using qudit-based approach with the proposed decomposition. We expect that our results are applicable for quantum processors based on various physical platforms.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
The Impact of Influencer Marketing on Consumer Purchasing Decision Making in Coimbatore City
Creators: name: Dr.Poornima C, Ms.Rogini P, Mr.Muthuvel Kannan B
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The study explores the impact of influencer marketing on consumer purchase decisions, with a specificfocus on Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. It highlights how factors such as authenticity, trust, and informationrelevance shape consumer behaviour in the context of influencer marketing. The research delves into keyelements, including platform choice, demographic influences, and the types of influencer campaigns.Analytical tools such as percentage analysis, rank, and ANOVA were employed to interpret the datacollected from a sample size of 152 respondents. The findings demonstrate that influencer marketing has thepotential to revolutionize contemporary advertising, provided brands address challenges like market saturationand legal compliance. The report concludes with actionable recommendations for optimizing influencerpartnerships to achieve maximum impact.
title: Darstellung komplexer und abstrakter Phänomene der Wirtschaft in GW-Lehrbüchern vor dem Hintergrund didaktischer Reduktion
Creators: name: Trpak, Gerald
Year: 2021

description: Die Arbeit untersucht, inwieweit Vorgänge, Zustände und Erscheinungen, die dem Feld der Wirtschaft zugeordnet werden können, in Schulbüchern für den Unterrichtsgegenstand Geographie und Wirtschaftskunde an Oberstufen von Allgemeinbildenden Höheren Schulen (AHS) in Österreich didaktisch reduziert, dargestellt und vermittelt werden. Dafür wird auf die bildungstheoretische und kritisch-konstruktive Didaktik, die konstruktivistische Didaktik und die Didaktische Reduktion Bezug genommen. Anhand von konkreten Inhaltsbeispielen, die Lernzielen und Themen des Lehrplans zugeordnet sind, wird die Aufbereitung in unterschiedlichen Schulbüchern untersucht, präsentiert und kritisch gewürdigt.
description: The thesis examines the extent to which processes, conditions and phenomena that can be assigned to the field of economics are didactically reduced, presented and conveyed in textbooks for the subject “Geographie und Wirtschaftskunde” (geography and economics) at upper levels of secondary schools in Austria. For this purpose, reference is made to educational theory and critical-constructive didactics, constructivist didactics and didactic reduction. Based on specific content examples, which are assigned to the learning objectives and topics of the curriculum, the editing in different textbooks is examined, presented and critically assessed.
title: Mediennutzung und Medienkompetenzen junger Erwachsener im digitalen Zeitalter
Creators: name: Thomas, Anna Maria
Year: 2021

description: Diese Masterarbeit zum Thema „Mediennutzung und Medienkompetenzen junger Erwachsener im digitalen Zeitalter“ untersucht die praktische Auseinandersetzung junger Erwachsener mit digital vermittelten Informationsinhalten sowie dem Thema Fake News. Der wesentliche Fokus liegt dabei auf dem alltäglich gelebten Mediennutzungsverhalten im Onlinebereich sowie dem damit in Verbindung stehenden Problembewusstsein und Vertrauen der Teilnehmenden. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es herauszufinden anhand welcher Merkmale junge Erwachsene Informationen im Onlineraum grundsätzlich beurteilen und mittels welcher konkreten Vorgehensweisen sie zweifelhafte Informationen grundsätzlich überprüfen. Diese Masterarbeit fußt zum einen auf einer Literaturrecherche und -lektüre. Darüber hinaus wird innerhalb der vorliegenden Untersuchung versucht, die Ergebnisse eigenständiger qualitativer Forschung auszuwerten und zu interpretieren.
Detecting Information Relays in Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Hintze, Arend
name: Adami, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Deep learning of artificial neural networks (ANNs) is creating highly functional processes that are, unfortunately, nearly as hard to interpret as their biological counterparts. Identification of functional modules in natural brains plays an important role in cognitive and neuroscience alike, and can be carried out using a wide range of technologies such as fMRI, EEG/ERP, MEG, or calcium imaging. However, we do not have such robust methods at our disposal when it comes to understanding functional modules in artificial neural networks. Ideally, understanding which parts of an artificial neural network perform what function might help us to address a number of vexing problems in ANN research, such as catastrophic forgetting and overfitting. Furthermore, revealing a network's modularity could improve our trust in them by making these black boxes more transparent. Here, we introduce a new information-theoretic concept that proves useful in understanding and analyzing a network's functional modularity: the relay information $I_R$. The relay information measures how much information groups of neurons that participate in a particular function (modules) relay from inputs to outputs. Combined with a greedy search algorithm, relay information can be used to identify computational modules in neural networks. We also show that the functionality of modules correlates with the amount of relay information they carry.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures
title: Küss die Hand, Frau Hofrat!
Creators: name: Meier-Flosdorff, Monika
Year: 2021

description: Dieser Arbeit liegt die These zugrunde, dass in Österreich auf das Verwenden von Titeln bei der höflichen Anrede, sowohl in schriftlicher als auch in mündlicher Form, großer Wert gelegt wird und eine Titelpluralität vorhanden ist, die im gesamtdeutschen Sprachraum einzigartig ist. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es zu ermitteln, worauf dieses Phänomen zurückgeführt werden kann. Zunächst wird in einer diachronen Betrachtung der Ausgangspunkt für die Titelschaffung, Titelverleihung und Titelführung in Österreich eruiert, danach wird die politische und gesellschaftliche Situation in Österreich um das Jahr 1900 dargestellt. Auf synchroner Ebene wird in einem Ländervergleich zwischen Österreich, Deutschland und der Schweiz die gegenwärtige Praxis der Titelschaffung, Titelverleihung und Titelführung, unter Einbeziehung akademischer Grade/ akademischer Titel, beleuchtet. Mittels einer empirischen Untersuchung wird dargestellt, wie viele österreichische Berufstitel in den Jahren 2011 bis 2020 verliehen worden sind. Es wird gezeigt, dass der Schaffung, Verleihung und Führung von Titeln in Österreich eine große Bedeutung beigemessen wird, was auf die österreichische Staatsgeschichte zurückgeführt werden kann. Der Ländervergleich zwischen Österreich, Deutschland und der Schweiz bestätigt die These, dass die österreichische Titelaffinität und Titelpluralität im deutschen Sprachraum singulär ist. Es kann jedoch erkannt werden, dass die Verleihungen der österreichischen Berufstitel rückläufig sind, was mit der gegenwärtigen gesellschaftlichen Werteveränderung in Zusammenhang gebracht werden kann.
Strong Dynamics and Inflation: a review
Creators: name: Channuie, Phongpichit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we review how strong dynamics can be efficiently employed as a viable alternative to study the mechanism of cosmic inflation. We examine single-field inflation in which the inflaton emerges as a bound state stemming from various strongly interacting field theories. We constrain the number of e-foldings for composite models of inflation in order to obtain a successful inflation. We study a set of cosmological parameters, e.g., the primordial spectral index $n_{s}$ and tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$, and confront the predicted results with the joint Planck data, and with the recent BICEP2 data.
description: revised version: more discussions and references added, 9 figures, 19 pages
Pilot investigations into the mechanistic basis for adverse effects of glucocorticoids in dysferlinopathy
Creators: name: Lloyd, EM
name: Crew, RC
name: Haynes, VR
name: White, RB
name: Mark, PJ
name: Jackaman, C
name: Papadimitriou, JM
name: Pinniger, GJ
name: Murphy, Robyn
name: Watt, MJ
name: Grounds, MD
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3105
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3208
subject: Medical physiology

description: Background: Dysferlinopathies are a clinically heterogeneous group of muscular dystrophies caused by gene mutations resulting in deficiency of the membrane-associated protein dysferlin. They manifest post-growth and are characterised by muscle wasting (primarily in the limb and limb-gridle muscles), inflammation, and replacement of myofibres with adipose tissue. The precise pathomechanism for dysferlinopathy is currently unclear; as such there are no treatments currently available. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used to reduce inflammation and treat muscular dystrophies, but when administered to patients with dysferlinopathy, they have unexpected adverse effects, with accelerated loss of muscle strength. Methods: To investigate the mechanistic basis for the adverse effects of GCs in dysferlinopathy, the potent GC dexamethasone (Dex) was administered for 4–5 weeks (0.5–0.75 µg/mL in drinking water) to dysferlin-deficient BLA/J and normal wild-type (WT) male mice, sampled at 5 (Study 1) or 10 months (Study 2) of age. A wide range of analyses were conducted. Metabolism- and immune-related gene expression was assessed in psoas muscles at both ages and in quadriceps at 10 months of age. For the 10-month-old mice, quadriceps and psoas muscle histology was assessed. Additionally, we investigated the impact of Dex on the predominantly slow and fast-twitch soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles (respectively) in terms of contractile function, myofibre-type composition, and levels of proteins related to contractile function and metabolism, plus glycogen. Results: At both ages, many complement-related genes were highly expressed in BLA/J muscles, and WT mice were generally more responsive to Dex than BLA/J. The effects of Dex on BLA/J mice included (i) increased expression of inflammasome-related genes in muscles (at 5 months) and (ii) exacerbated histopathology of quadriceps and psoas muscles at 10 months. A novel observation was pronounced staining for glycogen in many myofibres of the damaged quadriceps muscles, with large pale vacuolated myofibres, suggesting possible myofibre death by oncosis. Conclusion: These pilot studies provide a new focus for further investigation into the adverse effects of GCs on dysferlinopathic muscles.
Fast stress predictions in multiscale materials and structures using graph-based probabilistic geometric deep learning with online physics-based corrections
Creators: name: Kerfriden, Pierre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Workshop presentation at Fraunhofer IWM : AI, digitalization and materials modeling for better lifetime predictions, November 24-25, 2021 https://www.iwm.fraunhofer.de/de/ueber-uns/veranstaltungen/online-workshop-ai-methods.html#Program
Tension-induced binding of semiflexible biopolymers
Creators: name: Benetatos, Panayotis
name: von der Heydt, Alice
name: Zippelius, Annette
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate theoretically the effect of polymer tension on the collective behavior of reversibly binding cross-links. For this purpose, we employ a model of two weakly bending wormlike chains aligned in parallel by a tensile force, with a sequence of inter-chain binding sites regularly spaced along the contours. Reversible cross-links attach and detach at the sites with an affinity controlled by a chemical potential. In a mean-field approach, we calculate the free energy of the system and find the emergence of a free-energy barrier which controls the reversible (un)binding. The tension affects the conformational entropy of the chains which competes with the binding energy of the cross-links. This competition gives rise to a sudden increase in the fraction of bound sites as the tension increases. We show that this transition is related to the cross-over between weak and strong localization of a directed polymer in a pinning potential. The cross-over to the strongly bound state can be interpreted as a mechanism for force-stiffening of cross-linked polymers -- beyond the elasticity of a single wormlike chain.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures; accepted for publication in New J. Phys
title: Was kann die Reich-Gottes-Theologie von zeitgenössischen Konvivenz-Konzepten lernen?
Creators: name: Kolic, Vera Johanna
Year: 2021

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit fragt, was die Reich-Gottes-Theologie pastoraltheologischen Verständnisses für die christlich-kirchliche Praxis von zeitgenössischen Konvivenz-Konzepten lernen kann. Die Konvivenz-Konzepte werden dafür mit einem Kriterium untersucht. Der erste Teil der Arbeit beschreibt die hier vertretene Reich-Gottes-Theologie. Das Reich Gottes wird als die biblische Vision eines gelingenden Zusammenlebens aller verstanden und stellt einen Anspruch an die Menschen, dass sie sich für seine Verwirklichung einsetzen. Im zweiten Hauptkapitel werden die drei zeitgenössischen Konvivenz-Konzepte vorgestellt und ebenfalls ausführlich erläutert. Jedes Konvivenz-Konzept identifiziert ein anderes Hauptproblem, warum das gute Zusammenleben aller auf der Welt bis heute nicht gelingt und bietet dementsprechend eine andere Lösung an. Der letzte Teil der Arbeit bringt die Reich-Gottes-Theologie und die Konvivenz-Konzepte miteinander in Verbindung. Die große Sammlung an Lerninhalten und Ideen zeigt, dass die Reich-Gottes-Theologie pastoraltheologischen Verständnisses tatsächlich etwas bezüglich des gelingenden Zusammenlebens für die christlich-kirchliche Praxis von den Konvivenz-Konzepten lernen kann.
description: The present thesis asks, what the Kingdom-of-God-Theology out of a pastoral-theological perspective can learn from contemporary „concepts of conviviality“ for the practice of the church and her pastoral practice. For this the concepts of conviviality will be examined with a certain criteria. The first part of the thesis will thoroughly describe the Kingdom-of-god-Theology used in this thesis. The kingdom of God is understood here as the biblical vision of all living together successfully and claims that everybody hast to take action in making it more and more a reality in this world. The second main chapter will introduce the concepts of conviviality and will describe them also thoroughly. Every concept of conviviality identifies a different main problem, why humans can’t live together on this planet peacefully until now and accordingly offers a different solution. The last part of the thesis will link the Kingdom-of-God-Theology and the concepts of conviviality together. The long list of ideas shows, that the Kingdom-of-God-Theology out of a pastoral-theological perspective can indeed learn something from the concepts of conviviality so that all humans may live together peacefully one day.
Single-point spin Chern number in a supercell framework
Creators: name: Favata, Roberta
name: Marrazzo, Antimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an approach for the calculation of the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological invariant in non-crystalline two-dimensional quantum spin Hall insulators. While topological invariants were originally mathematically introduced for crystalline periodic systems, and crucially hinge on tracking the evolution of occupied states through the Brillouin zone, the introduction of disorder or dynamical effects can break the translational symmetry and imply the use of larger simulation cells, where the $\bf{k}$-point sampling is typically reduced to the single $Γ$-point. Here, we introduce a single-point formula for the spin Chern number that enables to adopt the supercell framework, where a single Hamiltonian diagonalisation is performed. Inspired by the work of E. Prodan [Phys. Rev. B, $\textbf{80}$, 12 (2009)], our single-point approach allows to calculate the spin Chern number even when the spin operator $\hat{s}_z$ does not commute with the Hamiltonian, as in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit coupling. We validate our method on the Kane-Mele model, both pristine and in the presence of Anderson disorder. Finally, we investigate the disorder-driven transition from the trivial phase to the topological state known as topological Anderson insulator. Beyond disordered systems, our approach is particularly useful to investigate the role of defects, to study topological alloys and in the context of ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations at finite temperature.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, code freely available at https://github.com/roberta-favata/spinv
Nano-engineered Diamond Waveguide as a Robust Bright Platform for Nanomagnetometry Using Shallow Nitrogen Vacancy Centers
Creators: name: Momenzadeh, S. Ali
name: Stöhr, Rainer J.
name: de Oliveira, Felipe Favaro
name: Brunner, Andreas
name: Denisenko, Andrej
name: Yang, Sen
name: Reinhard, Friedemann
name: Wrachtrup, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photonic structures in diamond are key to most of its application in quantum technology. Here, we demonstrate tapered nano-waveguides structured directly onto the diamond substrate hosting shallow-implanted nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers. By optimization based on simulations and precise experimental control of the geometry of these pillar-shaped nano-waveguides, we achieve a net photon flux up to ~ $1.7 \cdot 10^6 /s$. This presents the brightest monolithic bulk diamond structure based on single NV centers so far. We observe no impact on excited state lifetime and electronic spin dephasing time ($T_2$) due to the nanofabrication process. Possessing such high brightness with low background in addition to preserved spin quality, this geometry can improve the current nanomagnetometry sensitivity ~ 5 times. In addition, it facilitates a wide range of diamond defects-based magnetometry applications. As a demonstration, we measure the temperature dependency of $T_1$ relaxation time of a single shallow NV center electronic spin. We observe the two-phonon Raman process to be negligible in comparison to the dominant two-phonon Orbach process.
description: Nano Letters, 2014
title: Moving beyond simplistic representations of land use in conservation
Creators: name: Kuemmerle, Tobias
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: actors
subject: archetyping
subject: conservation planning
subject: conservation social science
subject: context specificity
subject: land system science
subject: land-use change
subject: social–ecological systems
subject: 333.7 Landflächen, Naturräume für Freizeit und Erholung, Naturreservate, Energie

description: The article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
description: Land use is both a major cause of the biodiversity crises and a potential solution to it. Decisions about land use are made in complex social–ecological systems, yet conservation research, policy, and practice often neglect the diverse and dynamic nature of land use. A deeper integration of land system science and conservation science provides major opportunities in this context, through a transfer of concepts, data, and methodologies. Specifically, a closer exchange between land-use data developers and users will enable common terminology and better data use, allowing to move beyond coarse land-cover representations of land use. Similarly, archetyping and regionalization approaches can help to embrace, rather than oversimplify, the diversity of land-use actors and practices. Finally, systematically linking land-use actors to portfolios of pressures on biodiversity, beyond their direct impact on habitat, can better represent and map co-occurring and interacting threats. Together, this will enable conservation policymakers and planners to recognize the often-complex and wicked nature of conservation challenges related to land, allowing for more context-specific conservation policymaking and planning, and more targeted conservation interventions.
Moving Beyond Chi-Squared in Nuclei and Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Steiner, Andrew W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are several assumptions made in a standard $χ^2$ analysis of data, including the frequent assumption that the likelihood function is well approximated by a multivariate Gaussian distribution. This article briefly reviews the standard approach and describes how Bayesian inference can be used to go beyond the assumption that the likelihood is Gaussian. Two separate types of analysis relevant to nuclear physics are used as test cases. The first is the determination of the equation of state of dense matter from neutron star mass and radius data. The second is the use of theoretical nuclear mass models to fit currently available data and predict the value of masses which have not yet been measured. For the problem of predicting nuclear masses, it is demonstrated that approximating the likelihood function with a Gaussian can produce biased predictions of unmeasured masses. Finally, the lessons learned from these fitting problems are used to propose a method for improving constraints on the nuclear symmetry energy.
title: Die Bewertung der wirtschaftlichen Möglichkeiten Afrikas durch europäische und afrikanische ManagerInnen
Creators: name: Millard, Clark
Year: 2021

description: In dieser Masterarbeit geht es darum, zu ergründen, wie europäische und afrikanische ManagerInnen die wirtschaftlichen Möglichkeiten Afrikas bewerten. Dies erfolgt, indem insbesondere auf die Reputation des afrikanischen Fintech-Sektors, einem der wichtigsten Zukunftsbranchen Afrikas, eingegangen wird. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, welches die Hintergründe sind, die die Erwartungen und Ansichten dieser ManagerInnen formen. Ausgehend von einem theoretischen Teil, rund um die Themen „Reputation“ und „Netzwerkaspekt“, wird eine Antwort auf folgende Forschungsfrage gefunden: „Welche Reputation haben afrikanische Fintechs in den Augen europäischer und afrikanischer ManagerInnen?“. Hierzu wurden sieben InterviewpartnerInnen befragt, die zum Teil Arbeitserfahrung in Afrika aufweisen. Methodologisch wurde sich an dem qualitativen Forschungsparadigma orientiert und es wurden problemzentrierte Interviews durchgeführt, die mit der Themenanalyse nach Froschauer und Lueger analysiert und interpretiert wurden. Wichtige Themen sind hierbei die Heterogenität Afrikas, die Identität, die wirtschaftlichen Möglichkeiten Afrikas, die Außenbeziehungen Afrikas, der Netzwerkaspekt und die Reputation. Die Resultate zeigen, dass europäische ManagerInnen eine negativere Sichtweise auf die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung Afrikas und den afrikanischen Fintech-Sektor haben, als afrikanische ManagerInnen. Das Thema dieser Masterarbeit, erlangt dadurch Forschungsrelevanz, dass versucht wird, mit der Reputation und dem Netzwerkaspekt, zwei Faktoren zu untersuchen, die die Beziehungen zwischen europäischen und afrikanischen Wirtschaftssubjekten maßgeblich beeinflussen.
eFIN: Enhanced Fourier Imager Network for generalizable autofocusing and pixel super-resolution in holographic imaging
Creators: name: Chen, Hanlong
name: Huang, Luzhe
name: Liu, Tairan
name: Ozcan, Aydogan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The application of deep learning techniques has greatly enhanced holographic imaging capabilities, leading to improved phase recovery and image reconstruction. Here, we introduce a deep neural network termed enhanced Fourier Imager Network (eFIN) as a highly generalizable framework for hologram reconstruction with pixel super-resolution and image autofocusing. Through holographic microscopy experiments involving lung, prostate and salivary gland tissue sections and Papanicolau (Pap) smears, we demonstrate that eFIN has a superior image reconstruction quality and exhibits external generalization to new types of samples never seen during the training phase. This network achieves a wide autofocusing axial range of 0.35 mm, with the capability to accurately predict the hologram axial distances by physics-informed learning. eFIN enables 3x pixel super-resolution imaging and increases the space-bandwidth product of the reconstructed images by 9-fold with almost no performance loss, which allows for significant time savings in holographic imaging and data processing steps. Our results showcase the advancements of eFIN in pushing the boundaries of holographic imaging for various applications in e.g., quantitative phase imaging and label-free microscopy.
description: 10 Pages, 4 Figures
title: Robotic process automation (RPA) scope in the banking industry
Creators: name: Agarwal, Nisha
Year: 2021

description: In dieser Masterarbeit wurden die verschiedenen Automatisierungsansätze in der Bankenbranche unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Robotic Process Automation (RPA) diskutiert. Die Zulassungskriterien für einen Prozess, der für die Automatisierung durch RPA ausgewählt werden soll, sowie seine Vor- und Nachteile wurden hervorgehoben. Mithilfe einer Fallstudie über die Raiffeisen Bank International gibt das Interview mit internen RPA-Experten einen ganzheitlichen Überblick über Prozesse, die für RPA am besten geeignet sind, und erörtert deren reale Vorteile und Herausforderungen. Eine Zukunft von RPA in seiner hybriden Form wurde beleuchtet und weicht zukünftigen Forschungspunkten.
description: In this master’s thesis, various approaches of automation in the Banking Industry are discussed with a special focus on Robotic Process Automation (RPA). The eligibility criteria for a process to be chosen for Automation through RPA and its advantages as well as disadvantages are highlighted. Case study on Raiffeisen Bank International and interviews with Internal RPA experts gave a holistic view on processes that are most suitable for RPA, discussing its real-life benefits and challenges. Future of RPA in its hybrid form has been discussed, giving way to future research possibilities.