cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Begonia balgooyi D. C. Thomas & Ardi
Creators: name: Ardi, Wisnu H.
name: Chikmawati, Tatik
name: Witono, Joko R.
name: Thomas, Daniel C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Cucurbitales
Begoniaceae
Begonia
Begonia balgooyi

description: 2. Begonia balgooyi D.C.Thomas & Ardi in Thomas et al. (2018: 162) (Figures 1 & 3)
 Sect. Petermannia
 Type:— INDONESIA. Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi: Kolaka District, Mangolo Forest Reserve, 68 m, 3 February 2017, W.H. Ardi 133 (holotype BO!; isotypes KRB!, SING!).
 Distribution:— Indonesia; endemic to Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi. Known from only three localities: Mangolo Nature Recreation Park, Mt. Watuwila, and the Matarombeo mountain range.
 Habitat:— On steep slopes or river embankments in lowland and upland rainforest, in dense shade, on limestone soils, at ca. 50–1200 m elevation.
 Provisional IUCN conservation assessment:— Endangered EN B1ab(iii),B2ab(iii) (see Thomas et al., 2008).
 Notes: ─ Begonia balgooyi is distinct in Begonia section Petermannia on account of its palmately compound leaves, and it can easily be differentiated from the other two palmately compound-leaved species in the section from Sulawesi: Begonia insueta D.C. Thomas & Ardi [2011: 230] is a much more robust plant and has characteristic fruits with much longer pedicels (to 19 mm long) and unequal wings; B. rachmatii Tebbitt (2005: 101) has many-flowered cymoseracemose male inflorescences composed of multiple monochasial partial inflorescences, 15–30 stamens per male flower, and subsessile fruits (pedicels 1–2 mm), while B. balgooyi has male inflorescences comprised of single fewflowered monochasia, male flowers with 46–50 stamens, and longer fruit pedicels (to 9 mm long) (Thomas et al. 2018). In its growth habit and inflorescence morphology, Begonia balgooyi is closest to the simple-leaved Begonia flacca.
 Additional specimens examined: ─ INDONESIA. Southeast Sulawesi: Tawanga, B. Watuwila, ca. 1200 m, 24 Mar. 1929, Kjellberg 1010 (BO); N of Linomoyo, Mt. Matarombeo, Anoa forest, 86 m, 15 Feb. 2017, W.H. Ardi WI 157 (BO, KRB, SING).
description: Published as part of Ardi, Wisnu H., Chikmawati, Tatik, Witono, Joko R. & Thomas, Daniel C., 2018, A synopsis of Begonia (Begoniaceae) of Southeastern Sulawesi including four new species, pp. 27-50 in Phytotaxa 381 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/13726184
Use of light-supported oxidation processes towards microbiological and chemical contaminants elimination in hospital wastewaters
Creators: name: Giannakis, Stefanos
Publisher: name: Lausanne, EPFL
Year: 2016

description: Hospital wastewaters have been long identified as carriers of chemical and microbiological pollutants. Their amounts and risk levels have initiated numerous works on changing the existing practices of co-treatment with municipal wastewaters and safe disposal in the environment. In this work, the issue of hospital wastewater treatment is studied in two different contexts, in Switzerland and in developing countries (Ivory Coast and Colombia). For this purpose, their treatment with municipal wastewater effluents is recreated, simulating the developed countriesâ context, while cheap and sustainable solutions are proposed for the developing countries, to form a barrier between hospitals and receiving water bodies. In both examples, the use of Advanced Oxidation Processes is implemented, focusing on UV-based and solar-supported ones, in the respective target areas. A list of emerging contaminants and bacteria are firstly studied to provide operational and engineering details on their removal by AOPs. Fundamental mechanistic insights are provided as well on the degradation of the effluent wastewater organic matter. The use of viruses and yeasts as potential model pathogens is also accounted for, treated by the photo-Fenton process. Emphasis is given on the influence of the wastewater matrix parameters (organic matter, pH, iron speciation etc.) and the exploration of the internal oxidative events, by the use of genomic and proteomic analyses, respectively. Finally, two pharmaceutically active compound (PhAC) models of hospital and/or industrial origin are studied in wastewater and urine, treated by all accounted AOPs, as a proposed method to effectively control concentrated point-source pollution from industrial and hospital wastewaters, respectively. Their elimination was modeled and the degradation pathway was elucidated by the use of state-of-the-art analytical techniques (TOF-MS, Orbitrap). The use of light-supported AOPs was proven to be effective in degrading the respective target and further insights were provided by each application, which could facilitate their divulgation and potential application in the field.
Optimal lower bounds for first eigenvalues of Riemann surfaces for large genus
Creators: name: Wu, Yunhui
name: Xue, Yuhao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article we study the first eigenvalues of closed Riemann surfaces for large genus. We show that for every closed Riemann surface $X_g$ of genus $g$ $(g\geq 2)$, the first eigenvalue of $X_g$ is greater than $\frac{\mathcal{L}_1(X_g)}{g^2}$ up to a uniform positive constant multiplication. Where $\mathcal{L}_1(X_g)$ is the shortest length of multi closed curves separating $X_g$. Moreover,we also show that this new lower bound is optimal as $g \to \infty$.
description: American Journal of Mathematics, to appear
Viral genome imaging of hepatitis C virus to probe heterogeneous viral infection and responses to antiviral therapies
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Hans.-Heinrich
name: van Oudenaarden, Alexander
name: Christine, Kathleen S.
name: Schwartz, Robert E.
name: Trehan, Kartik
name: Ong, Mei.-Lyn.
name: Espiritu, Christine
name: Luna, Joseph M.
name: Bhatia, Sangeeta N.
name: Ramanan, Vyas
name: Sheahan, Timothy P.
name: Chandrasekar, Hamsika
name: Rice, Charles M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive single-stranded RNA virus of enormous global health importance, with direct-acting antiviral therapies replacing an immunostimulatory interferon-based regimen. The dynamics of HCV positive and negative-strand viral RNAs (vRNAs) under antiviral perturbations have not been studied at the single-cell level, leaving a gap in our understanding of antiviral kinetics and host-virus interactions. Here, we demonstrate quantitative imaging of HCV genomes in multiple infection models, and multiplexing of positive and negative strand vRNAs and host antiviral RNAs. We capture the varying kinetics with which antiviral drugs with different mechanisms of action clear HCV infection, finding the NS5A inhibitor daclatasvir to induce a rapid decline in negative-strand viral RNAs. We also find that the induction of host antiviral genes upon interferon treatment is positively correlated with viral load in single cells. This study adds smFISH to the toolbox available for analyzing the treatment of RNA virus infections.
Blocks in flat families of finite-dimensional algebras
Creators: name: Thiel, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the behavior of blocks in flat families of finite-dimensional algebras. In a general setting we construct a finite directed graph encoding a stratification of the base scheme according to the block structures of the fibers. This graph can be explicitly obtained when the central characters of simple modules of the generic fiber are known. We show that the block structure of an arbitrary fiber is completely determined by "atomic" block structures living on the components of a Weil divisor. As a byproduct, we deduce that the number of blocks of fibers defines a lower semicontinuous function on the base scheme. We furthermore discuss how to obtain information about the simple modules in the blocks by generalizing and establishing several properties of decomposition matrices by Geck and Rouquier.
description: To appear in Pac. J. Math
CLIP: Cheap Lipschitz Training of Neural Networks
Creators: name: Bungert, Leon
name: Raab, René
name: Roith, Tim
name: Schwinn, Leo
name: Tenbrinck, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65K10, 68T07

description: Despite the large success of deep neural networks (DNN) in recent years, most neural networks still lack mathematical guarantees in terms of stability. For instance, DNNs are vulnerable to small or even imperceptible input perturbations, so called adversarial examples, that can cause false predictions. This instability can have severe consequences in applications which influence the health and safety of humans, e.g., biomedical imaging or autonomous driving. While bounding the Lipschitz constant of a neural network improves stability, most methods rely on restricting the Lipschitz constants of each layer which gives a poor bound for the actual Lipschitz constant. In this paper we investigate a variational regularization method named CLIP for controlling the Lipschitz constant of a neural network, which can easily be integrated into the training procedure. We mathematically analyze the proposed model, in particular discussing the impact of the chosen regularization parameter on the output of the network. Finally, we numerically evaluate our method on both a nonlinear regression problem and the MNIST and Fashion-MNIST classification databases, and compare our results with a weight regularization approach.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, fixed a small mistake in the proof of Proposition 3, published at SSVM 2021
Well-Posedness for the Free-Boundary Ideal Compressible Magnetohydrodynamic Equations with Surface Tension
Creators: name: Trakhinin, Yuri
name: Wang, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35L65, 35R35, 76N10, 76W05

description: We establish the local existence and uniqueness of solutions to the free-boundary ideal compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations with surface tension in three spatial dimensions by a suitable modification of the Nash--Moser iteration scheme. The main ingredients in proving the convergence of the scheme are the tame estimates and unique solvability of the linearized problem in the anisotropic Sobolev spaces $H_*^m$ for $m$ large enough. In order to derive the tame estimates, we make full use of the boundary regularity enhanced from the surface tension. The unique solution of the linearized problem is constructed by designing some suitable $\varepsilon$--regularization and passing to the limit $\varepsilon\to 0$.
description: To appear in: Mathematische Annalen
The Rb binding domain of HPV31 E7 is required to maintain high levels of DNA repair factors in infected cells
Creators: name: Aloor, Heather L.
name: Moody, Cary A.
name: Johnson, Bryan A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Human papillomaviruses (HPV) exhibit constitutive activation of ATM and ATR DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, which are required for productive viral replication. Expression of HPV31 E7 alone is sufficient to activate the DDR through an unknown mechanism. Here, we demonstrate that the E7 Rb binding domain is required to increase levels of many DDR proteins, including ATM, Chk2, Chk1, the MRN components MRE11, Rad50, and NBS1, as well as the homologous recombination repair proteins BRCA1 and Rad51. Interestingly, we have found that the increase in these DNA repair proteins does not occur solely at the level of transcription, but that E7 broadly increases the half-life of these DDR factors, a phenotype that is lost in the E7 Rb binding mutant. These data suggest that HPV-31 upregulates DNA repair factors necessary for replication by increasing protein half-life in a manner requiring the E7 Rb binding domain.
CovNet: Covariance Networks for Functional Data on Multidimensional Domains
Creators: name: Sarkar, Soham
name: Panaretos, Victor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Covariance estimation is ubiquitous in functional data analysis. Yet, the case of functional observations over multidimensional domains introduces computational and statistical challenges, rendering the standard methods effectively inapplicable. To address this problem, we introduce "Covariance Networks" (CovNet) as a modeling and estimation tool. The CovNet model is "universal" - it can be used to approximate any covariance up to desired precision. Moreover, the model can be fitted efficiently to the data and its neural network architecture allows us to employ modern computational tools in the implementation. The CovNet model also admits a closed-form eigendecomposition, which can be computed efficiently, without constructing the covariance itself. This facilitates easy storage and subsequent manipulation of a covariance in the context of the CovNet. We establish consistency of the proposed estimator and derive its rate of convergence. The usefulness of the proposed method is demonstrated by means of an extensive simulation study and an application to resting state fMRI data.
description: Substantial modification of the previous version. Application to fMRI data added. Theoretical results extended to cover discrete observations with measurement noise
The global epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae
Creators: name: Doi, Yohei
name: van Duin, David
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are an important and increasing threat to global health. Both clonal spread and plasmid-mediated transmission contribute to the ongoing rise in incidence of these bacteria. Among the 4 classes of β-lactamases defined by the Ambler classification system, the carbapenemases that confer carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae belong to 3 of them: Class A (K. pneumoniae carbapenemases, KPC), Class B (metallo-β-lactamases, MBL including New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases, NDM) and Class D (OXA-48-like carbapenemases). KPC-producing CPE are the most commonly occurring CPE in the United States. MBL-producing CPE have been most commonly associated with the Indian Subcontinent as well as with specific countries in Europe, including Romania, Denmark, Spain, and Hungary. The epicenter of OXA-48-like-producing is in Turkey and surrounding countries. Detailed knowledge of the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of CPE is essential to stem the spread of these pathogens.
Transcriptome variation among human embryonic stem cell lines impacts on their differentiation
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2017
Subjects: Transcriptome or Gene expression
Multiisolate

description: Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have the pluripotency to form any cell type in the body, making them attractive cell sources in drug screening, regenerative medicine, disease and developmental processes modeling. However, not all hESC lines have equal potency to generate desired cell types in vitro, significant variation has been observed for the differentiation efficiency of various human ESC lines, and the precise underpinning molecular mechanism are still unclear. In this work, we compared transcriptome variation of four hESC lines H7, HUES1, HUES8 and HUES9 to find out whether gene expression difference between hESC lines influence their differentiation behavior in vitro. Results demonstrate that different expression genes (DEGs) are significantly enriched in developmental process, such as ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm development, and the enrichment difference between lines is in accordance with its lineage bias. Among these DEGs, pluripotency factors and genes involved in signaling transduction also show great variation among lines. The Pleiotropic functional role of these genes in hESC identity controlling and early lineage specification, implicate that different hESC lines with distinct differentiation propensity may utilize individual balance mechanism to maintain pluripotent state, whereas the balance broken in a certain environment, gene expression variation between them could impact on their different lineage specification behavior.Overall design: Examination of different expression genes in 4 hESC lines.
Interplay between consensus and coherence in a model of interacting opinions
Creators: name: Battiston, Federico
name: Cairoli, Andrea
name: Nicosia, Vincenzo
name: Baule, Adrian
name: Latora, Vito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The formation of agents' opinions in a social system is the result of an intricate equilibrium among several driving forces. On the one hand, the social pressure exerted by peers favours the emergence of local consensus. On the other hand, the concurrent participation of agents to discussions on different topics induces each agent to develop a coherent set of opinions across all the topics in which he is active. Moreover, the pervasive action of external stimuli, such as mass media, pulls the entire population towards a specific configuration of opinions on different topics. Here we propose a model in which agents with interrelated opinions, interacting on several layers representing different topics, tend to spread their own ideas to their neighbourhood, strive to maintain internal coherence, due to the fact that each agent identifies meaningful relationships among its opinions on the different topics, and are at the same time subject to external fields, resembling the pressure of mass media. We show that the presence of heterogeneity in the internal coupling assigned by agents to their different opinions allows to obtain states with mixed levels of consensus, still ensuring that all the agents attain a coherent set of opinions. Furthermore, we show that all the observed features of the model are preserved in the presence of thermal noise up to a critical temperature, after which global consensus is no longer attainable. This suggests the relevance of our results for real social systems, where noise is inevitably present in the form of information uncertainty and misunderstandings. The model also demonstrates how mass media can be effectively used to favour the propagation of a chosen set of opinions, thus polarising the consensus of an entire population.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Physica D
Assessing the impact of representational and contextual problem features on student use of right-hand rules
Creators: name: Kustusch, Mary Bridget
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Students in introductory physics struggle with vector algebra and these challenges are often associated with contextual and representational features of the problems. Performance on problems about cross product direction is particularly poor and some research suggests that this may be primarily due to misapplied right-hand rules. However, few studies have had the resolution to explore student use of right-hand rules in detail. This study reviews literature in several disciplines, including spatial cognition, to identify ten contextual and representational problem features that are most likely to influence performance on problems requiring a right-hand rule. Two quantitative measures of performance (correctness and response time) and two qualitative measures (methods used and type of errors made) were used to explore the impact of these problem features on student performance. Quantitative results are consistent with expectations from the literature, but reveal that some features (such as the type of reasoning required and the physical awkwardness of using a right-hand rule) have a greater impact than others (such as whether the vectors are placed together or separate). Additional insight is gained by the qualitative analysis, including identifying sources of difficulty not previously discussed in the literature and revealing that the use of supplemental methods, such as physically rotating the paper, can mitigate errors associated with certain features.
Discrete Phase Space: Quantum mechanics and non-singular potential functions
Creators: name: Das, Anadijiban
name: DeBenedictis, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 39A14, 81S30, 31C99

description: The three-dimensional potential equation, motivated by representations of quantum mechanics, is investigated in four different scenarios: (i) In the usual Euclidean space $\mathbb{E}_{3}$ where the potential is singular but invariant under the continuous inhomogeneous orthogonal group $\mathcal{I}O(3)$. The invariance under the translation subgroup is compared to the corresponding unitary transformation in the Schrödinger representation of quantum mechanics. This scenario is well known but serves as a reference point for the other scenarios. (ii) Next, the discrete potential equation as a partial difference equation in a three-dimensional lattice space is studied. In this arena the potential is non-singular but invariance under $\mathcal{I}O(3)$ is broken. This is the usual picture of lattice theories and numerical approximations. (iii) Next we study the six-dimensional continuous phase space. Here a phase space representation of quantum mechanics is utilized. The resulting potential is singular but possesses invariance under $\mathcal{I}O(3)$. (iv) Finally, the potential is derived from the discrete phase space representation of quantum mechanics, which is shown to be an \emph{exact} representation of quantum mechanics. The potential function here is both non-singular and possesses invariance under $\mathcal{I}O(3)$, and this is proved via the unitary transformations of quantum mechanics in this representation.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures
Systems biology: A tool for charting the antiviral landscape
Creators: name: Ferris, Martin T.
name: Suthar, Mehul S.
name: Bowen, James R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The host antiviral programs that are initiated following viral infection form a dynamic and complex web of responses that we have collectively termed as “the antiviral landscape”. Conventional approaches to studying antiviral responses have primarily used reductionist systems to assess the function of a single or a limited subset of molecules. Systems biology is a holistic approach that considers the entire system as a whole, rather than individual components or molecules. Systems biology based approaches facilitate an unbiased and comprehensive analysis of the antiviral landscape, while allowing for the discovery of emergent properties that are missed by conventional approaches. The antiviral landscape can be viewed as a hierarchy of complexity, beginning at the whole organism level and progressing downward to isolated tissues, populations of cells, and single cells. In this review, we will discuss how systems biology has been applied to better understand the antiviral landscape at each of these layers. At the organismal level, the Collaborative Cross is an invaluable genetic resource for assessing how genetic diversity influences the antiviral responses. Whole tissue and isolated bulk cell transcriptomics serves as a critical tool for the comprehensive analysis of antiviral responses at both the tissue and cellular levels of complexity. Finally, new techniques in single cell analysis are emerging tools that will revolutionize our understanding of how individual cells within a bulk infected cell population contribute to the overall antiviral landscape.
Homo sapiens Epigenomics
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2017
Subjects: transcriptome
Monoisolate

description: We report scCAT-seq, a technique for simultaneous assay of chromatin accessibility and transcriptome within the same single cell. By applying scCAT-seq to different cancer cell types, we identified trans-factors as bridges linking accessibility variation of cis-regulatory elements to cell-type-specific gene expression across single cells. We further characterized subpopulations within cancer cells and uncovered the regulatory clues that drive transcriptional heterogeneity.
Experimental and theoretical determination of σ-bands on ("2$\sqrt{3}$x2$\sqrt{3}$") silicene grown on Ag(111)
Creators: name: Wang, W.
name: Olovsson, W.
name: Uhrberg, R. I. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Silicene, the two-dimensional (2D) allotrope of silicon has very recently attracted a lot of attention. It has a structure that is similar to graphene and it is theoretically predicted to show the same kind of electronic properties which has put graphene into the focus of large research and development projects world-wide. In particular, a 2D structure made from Si is of high interest because of the application potential in Si-based electronic devices. However, so far there is not much known about the silicene band structure from experimental studies. A comprehensive study is here presented of the atomic and electronic structure of the silicene phase on Ag(111) denoted as (2$\sqrt{3}$x2$\sqrt{3}$)R30° in the literature. Low energy electron diffraction (LEED) shows an unconventional rotated ("2$\sqrt{3}$x2$\sqrt{3}$") pattern with a complicated set of split diffraction spots. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) results reveal a Ag(111) surface that is homogeneously covered by the ("2$\sqrt{3}$x2$\sqrt{3}$") silicene which exhibits an additional quasi-periodic long range ordered superstructure. The complex structure, revealed by STM, has been investigated in detail and we present a consistent picture of the silicene structure based on both STM and LEED. The homogeneous coverage by the ("2$\sqrt{3}$x2$\sqrt{3}$") silicene facilitated an angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy study which reveals a silicene band structure of unprecedented detail. Here, we report four silicene bands which are compared to calculated dispersions based on a relaxed (2$\sqrt{3}$x2$\sqrt{3}$) model. We find good qualitative agreement between the experimentally observed bands and calculated silicene bands of σ character.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures + 4 figures in supplementary section
Magnetic reconnection: Self-similar current sheet collapse triggered by "ideal" tearing
Creators: name: Tenerani, Anna
name: Velli, Marco
name: Rappazzo, Antonio Franco
name: Pucci, Fulvia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study, by means of MHD simulations, the onset and evolution of fast reconnection via the "ideal" tearing mode within a collapsing current sheet at high Lundquist numbers ($S\gg10^4$). We first confirm that as the collapse proceeds, fast reconnection is triggered well before a Sweet-Parker type configuration can form: during the linear stage plasmoids rapidly grow in a few Alfvén times when the predicted "ideal" tearing threshold $S^{-1/3}$ is approached from above; after the linear phase of the initial instability, X-points collapse and reform nonlinearly. We show that these give rise to a hierarchy of tearing events repeating faster and faster on current sheets at ever smaller scales, corresponding to the triggering of "ideal" tearing at the renormalized Lundquist number. In resistive MHD this process should end with the formation of sub-critical ($S \leq10^4$) Sweet Parker sheets at microscopic scales. We present a simple model describing the nonlinear recursive evolution which explains the timescale of the disruption of the initial sheet.
description: Accepted for publication to the ApJL
First detection of methyl formate in the hot molecular core IRAS 18566+0408
Creators: name: Manna, Arijit
name: Pal, Sabyasachi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The studies of the complex molecular emission lines in millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths towards the hot molecular cores demonstrate valuable details about the chemical complexity in the interstellar medium (ISM). We presented the first detection of the rotational emission lines of the complex organic molecule methyl formate (CH$_{3}$OCHO) towards the hot molecular core region IRAS 18566+0408 using the high-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) band 3 observation. The estimated column density of CH$_{3}$OCHO using the rotational diagram analysis was (4.1$\pm$0.1)$\times$10$^{15}$ cm$^{-2}$ with rotational temperature 102.8$\pm$1.2 K. The estimated fractional abundance of CH$_{3}$OCHO towards the IRAS 18566+0408 relative to hydrogen (H$_{2}$) was 3.90$\times$10$^{-9}$. We noted that the estimated fractional abundance of CH$_{3}$OCHO is fairly consistent with the simulation value predicted by the three-phase warm-up model from Garrod (2013). We also discussed the possible formation mechanism of CH$_{3}$OCHO towards the hot molecular cores.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Protocol for "What is the Role of Musical Training in Language Development? A Scoping Review"
Creators: name: Huynh, Jenny
name: Rodriguez-Calienes, Aaron
name: Vivanco-Suarez, Juan
name: Ortega-Gutierrez, Santiago
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Neurosciences not elsewhere classified

description: Protocol for a scoping review to assess the effects of music training on language development in children.
Detection of human immunodeficiency virus RNAs in living cells using Spinach RNA aptamers
Creators: name: Margolis, David M.
name: Burch, Brandon D.
name: Garrido, Carolina
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Many techniques currently used to measure HIV RNA production in cells suffer from limitations that include high background signal or the potential to destroy cellular context. Fluorophore-binding RNA aptamers offer the potential for visualizing RNAs directly in living cells with minimal cellular perturbation. We inserted a sequence encoding a fluorophore-binding RNA aptamer, known as Spinach, into the HIV genome such that predicted RNA secondary structures in both Spinach and HIV were preserved. Chimeric HIV-Spinach RNAs were functionally validated in vitro by testing their ability to enhance the fluorescence of a conditional fluorophore (DFHBI), which specifically binds Spinach. Fluorescence microscopy and PCR were used to verify expression of HIV-Spinach RNAs in human cells. HIV-1 gag RNA production and fluorescence were measured by qPCR and fluorometry, respectively. HIV-Spinach RNAs were fluorometrically detectable in vitro and were transcribed in human cell lines and primary cells, with both spliced and unspliced species detected by PCR. HIV-Spinach RNAs were visible by fluorescence microscopy in living cells, although signal was reproducibly weak. Cells expressing HIV-Spinach RNAs were capable of producing fluorometrically detectable virions, although detection of single viral particles was not possible. In summary, we have investigated a novel method for detecting HIV RNAs in living cells using the Spinach RNA aptamer. Despite the limitations of the present aptamer/fluorophore combination, this is the first application of this technology to an infectious disease and provides a foundation for future research into improved methods for studying HIV expression.
Performance Analysis for Energy Harvesting Communication Systems: From Throughput to Energy Diversity
Creators: name: Li, Hang
name: Huang, Chuan
name: Alsaadi, Fuad
name: Cui, Shuguang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Energy harvesting (EH) based communication has raised great research interests due to its wide application and the feasibility of commercialization. In this paper, we consider wireless communications with EH constraints at the transmitter. First, for delay-tolerant traffic, we investigate the long-term average throughput maximization problem and analytically compare the throughput performance against that of a system supported by conventional power supplies. Second, for delay-sensitive traffic, we analyze the outage probability by studying its asymptotic behavior in the high energy arrival rate regime, where the new concept of energy diversity is formally introduced. Moreover, we show that the speed of outage probability approaching zero, termed energy diversity gain, varies under different power supply models.
description: 16 pages, accepted by GLOBECOM 2015. The definition of energy diversity gain may need to modify in the journal version
A Bayesian model of information cascades
Creators: name: Srivathsan, Sriashalya
name: Cranefield, Stephen
name: Pitt, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An information cascade is a circumstance where agents make decisions in a sequential fashion by following other agents. Bikhchandani et al., predict that once a cascade starts it continues, even if it is wrong, until agents receive an external input such as public information. In an information cascade, even if an agent has its own personal choice, it is always overridden by observation of previous agents' actions. This could mean agents end up in a situation where they may act without valuing their own information. As information cascades can have serious social consequences, it is important to have a good understanding of what causes them. We present a detailed Bayesian model of the information gained by agents when observing the choices of other agents and their own private information. Compared to prior work, we remove the high impact of the first observed agent's action by incorporating a prior probability distribution over the information of unobserved agents and investigate an alternative model of choice to that considered in prior work: weighted random choice. Our results show that, in contrast to Bikhchandani's results, cascades will not necessarily occur and adding prior agents' information will delay the effects of cascades.
description: 13 pages, 37 figures, Paper accepted for presentation A Bayesian model of information cascade in International Workshop on Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, Norms and Ethics for Governance of Multi-Agent Systems (COINE), co-located with AAMAS 2021
The territory of infrastructures
Creators: name: Schiaffonati, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment
Year: 2016

description: Il dossier mira a fornire un quadro completo dei principali ambiti di riferimento nel settore delle infrastrutture, in linea con l’interpretazione ampia del termine adottata dal numero della rivista. Sono stati quindi coinvolti specialisti ed esperti con riferimento al sistema di mobilità carrabile a livello nazionale (Francesca Moraci, ANAS), al sistema del trasporto veloce su ferro transnazionale (Mario Virano, TELT – Tunnel Euralpin Lyon Turin), alla rete di infrastrutture verdi (Sergio Malcevschi, Università di Pavia, e Luca Bisogni, Nuova Qualità Ambientale Srl), alla crescente rilevanza delle smart city (Paolo Testa, ANCI) e al processo di consenso e partecipazione delle comunità locali alla programmazione e realizzazione delle opere (Andrea Pillon, Avventura Urbana). I contributi specialistici sono introdotti da un saggio che delinea criticità e potenzialità del contesto italiano offrendo spun- ti circa il possibile ruolo del settore disciplinare della Tecnologia dell’Architettura entro il processo di concezione, programmazione, progettazione, realizzazione e gestione delle infrastrutture.
description: TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment, TECHNE 11 (2016): Infrastructures
Solving social dilemmas by reasoning about expectations
Creators: name: Sengupta, Abira
name: Cranefield, Stephen
name: Pitt, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It has been argued that one role of social constructs, such as institutions, trust and norms, is to coordinate the expectations of autonomous entities in order to resolve collective action situations (such as collective risk dilemmas) through the coordination of behaviour. While much work has addressed the formal representation of these social constructs, in this paper we focus specifically on the formal representation of, and associated reasoning with, the expectations themselves. In particular, we investigate how explicit reasoning about expectations can be used to encode both traditional game theory solution concepts and social mechanisms for the social dilemma situation. We use the Collective Action Simulation Platform (CASP) to model a collective risk dilemma based on a flood plain scenario and show how using expectations in the reasoning mechanisms of the agents making decisions supports the choice of cooperative behaviour.
Modulation of the DNA damage response during the life cycle of human papillomaviruses
Creators: name: Moody, Cary A.
name: Anacker, Daniel C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted viral infection. Infection with certain types of HPV pose a major public health risk as these types are associated with multiple human cancers, including cervical cancer, other anogenital malignancies and an increasing number of head and neck cancers. The HPV life cycle is closely tied to host cell differentiation with late viral events such as structural gene expression and viral genome amplification taking place in the upper layers of the stratified epithelium. The DNA damage response (DDR) is an elaborate signaling network of proteins that regulate the fidelity of replication by detecting, signaling and repairing DNA lesions. ATM and ATR are two kinases that are major regulators of DNA damage detection and repair. A multitude of studies indicate that activation of the ATM (Ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related) pathways are critical for HPV to productively replicate. This review outlines how HPV interfaces with the ATM- and ATR-dependent DNA damage responses throughout the viral life cycle to create an environment supportive of viral replication and how activation of these pathways could impact genomic stability.
title: The Central Bank Strikes Back! Credibility of Monetary Policy under Fiscal Influence
Creators: name: Camous, Antoine
name: Matveev, Dmitry
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2022

description: Central banks in many advanced economies enjoy a high degree of independence, which protects monetary policy decisions from political influence. Typically, a government’s fiscal policy is responsible for taxes, debt and deficits, while the central bank’s objectives focus on price stability. This policy arrangement—with its strict separation of assignments—is widely seen as having been instrumental in avoiding monetary policy decisions that could lead to higher-than-optimal levels of inflation.

However, rising levels of public debt have triggered mounting political pressure and government interference with some central banks. This tension creates the risk of a shift away from the conventional arrangement to one in which monetary policy becomes mostly subordinate to fiscal policy decisions. We study how this risk affects the design of monetary policy. We use a model with both a monetary and a fiscal authority that interact non-cooperatively and have different degrees of commitment.

Specifically, we examine whether a central bank should design a monetary policy framework that prescribes acting conditionally on how fiscal policy behaves. We find that such a framework not only improves economic outcomes by providing appropriate incentives to the fiscal authority but also may enhance the central bank’s credibility.
description: Dans beaucoup d’économies avancées, les banques centrales jouissent d’un haut degré d’indépendance, afin d’isoler les décisions de politique monétaire de l’influence politique. Traditionnellement, le gouvernement régit les impôts, la dette et les déficits par sa politique budgétaire, tandis que la banque centrale se concentre sur la stabilité des prix. Il est communément admis que ce modèle de gouvernance – avec une séparation stricte des mandats – a contribué à contenir le risque que les décisions de politique monétaire ne conduisent à une inflation élevée.

Toutefois, à cause des niveaux croissants de dette publique, certaines banques centrales subissent de plus en plus de pressions politiques et de velléités d’ingérence de la part des gouvernements. Cette tension crée un risque de basculement du système traditionnel vers un autre, où la politique monétaire est subordonnée aux décisions budgétaires de l’État. Dans cette étude, nous nous penchons sur la façon dont ce risque influe sur la formulation des règles de politique monétaire, en nous appuyant sur un modèle où les autorités monétaire et budgétaire agissent de façon non concertée.

Plus précisément, nous nous demandons si une banque centrale devrait concevoir un cadre de politique monétaire dont les décisions réagissent à la conduite de la politique budgétaire. Nous constatons qu’un tel cadre peut non seulement améliorer la situation économique en créant des incitations appropriées pour l’autorité budgétaire, mais aussi rehausser la crédibilité de la banque centrale.
Human Cytomegalovirus Strategies to Maintain and Promote mRNA Translation
Creators: name: Ziehr, Benjamin
name: Vincent, Heather A.
name: Moorman, Nathaniel J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: mRNA translation requires the ordered assembly of translation initiation factors and ribosomal subunits on a transcript. Host signaling pathways regulate each step in this process to match levels of protein synthesis to environmental cues. In response to infection, cells activate multiple defenses that limit viral protein synthesis, which viruses must counteract to successfully replicate. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) inhibits host defenses that limit viral protein expression and manipulates host signaling pathways to promote the expression of both host and viral proteins necessary for virus replication. Here we review key regulatory steps in mRNA translation, and the strategies used by HCMV to maintain protein synthesis in infected cells.
Green Infrastructures and Ecosystem Services in urban areas: research perspectives in environmental design
Creators: name: Rigillo, Marina
Publisher: name: TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment
Year: 2016

description: L’articolo è un saggio critico sull’importanza delle infrastrutture verdi per la riduzione della vulnerabilità urbana rispetto ai fenomeni del climate change. Il contributo ha l’obiettivo di mettere in relazione il progetto di infrastrutture verdi con i servizi eco-sistemici erogati, prendendo a riferimento il gradiente di naturalità espresso dalle diverse tipologie di aree verdi urbane, in queste includendo le superfici artificiali (tetti e facciate verdi), i suoli nudi, i siti dismessi. Lo studio delinea una prospettiva di ricerca nella sistematizzazione dei requisiti tecnologico-ambientali dell’intervento, derivanti dalla scomposizione, catalogazione e gerarchizzazione dei servizi eco-sistemici erogati e dalla specificità delle tecniche e dei materiali vegetali impiegati nel progetto.
description: TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment, TECHNE 11 (2016): Infrastructures
title: Letztes Todesurteil
title: Verurteilung eines Kindermörders und Vollstreckung des letzten Todesurteils im Kanton Zürich
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Haefeli, Rebekka
Publisher: name: Zentralbibliothek Zürich
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 364 Kriminologie
subject: 949 Geschichte anderer Teile Europas
subject: Kanton Zürich
subject: Adliswil
subject: Todesstrafe
subject: Kindesmord

description: Triggerwarnung: Dieser Podcast berichtet über echte Kriminalfälle mit Schilderungen der tatsächlichen Geschehnisse.
description: Die Produzentin Rebekka Haefeli erzählt zusammen mit Museumsführerinnen und Museumsführern des Kriminalmuseums der Kantonspolizei Zürich von spektakulären Kriminalfällen, die den Kanton Zürich bewegten. In dieser Folge: 1865: Heinrich Götti war der letzte Mörder, der im Kanton Zürich zum Tode verurteilt worden ist. Polizist und Museumsführer Marcel Graf erzählt, wie eigens für diese Hinrichtung eine Guillotine gebaut wurde, die nur ein einziges Mal zum Einsatz kam.
The Cycling City Project: infrastructure strategies and technologies for sustainable mobility. The case of Copenhagen
Creators: name: Vettori, Maria
Publisher: name: TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment
Year: 2016

description: Il progetto delle infrastrutture, e quindi il progetto del paesaggio urbano, costruiscono un sistema di relazioni e dinamiche multi-scalari, insite nella definizione di spazio collettivo. La progettualità espressa dal caso di Copenhagen esprime una innovativa idea di città, che privilegia la multidisciplinarità, la partecipazione, la gestione razionale delle risorse economiche ed energetiche. Tali strategie possono rappresentare gli elementi comuni a diversi contesti, incorporando gli indirizzi di sostenibilità sociale e ambientale di uno spazio urbano viene concepito come campo d’interazione tra diversificate esperienze culturali e identitarie di cui sono portatori i suoi abitanti.
description: TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment, TECHNE 11 (2016): Infrastructures
Connections at height: skybridges
Creators: name: Guidolin, Francesca
name: Tatano, Valeria
Publisher: name: TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment
Year: 2016

description: Gli skybridges, diffusisi negli ultimi vent’anni nelle città a sviluppo verticale, rappresentano una modalità di collegamento in quota tra edifici di grande altezza e costituiscono oggi una vera e propria infrastruttura urbana, essendo in grado di connettere più edifici e intere parti di città. I ponti aerei hanno un ulteriore e importante ruolo nel garantire la sicurezza dei grattacieli, consentendo la possibilità di una evacuazione orizzontale in caso di esodo come alternativa a quello solo verticale. Il contributo propone una disanima di queste strutture, con una lettura finalizzata a comprenderne il funzionamento, le potenzialità architettoniche e urbane, e le possibili evoluzioni per la città contemporanea.
description: TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment, TECHNE 11 (2016): Infrastructures