Pherusa neopapillata Hartman 1961
Creators: name: Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Terebellida
Flabelligeridae
Pherusa
Pherusa neopapillata

description: <i>Pherusa neopapillata</i> Hartman, 1961 Figure 9 <i>Pherusa neopapillata</i> Hartman 1961:121–122, Pl. 25, Figs 1–2, Pl. 26, Figs 1–7, 1969:301–302, Figs 1–5.— Blake, 2000:17–18, Fig. 1.7. <b>Type material. Northeastern Pacific Ocean,</b> <b>California.</b> Holotype (LACM 531) and paratypes (LACM 532), off south side of San Nicolas Island, California, RV Velero IV, Sta. 1205 (33°12'45" N, 119°29'15" W à 33°12'40" N, 119°29'40" W), 37–42 m, 24 Nov. 1940 (paratypes 8 anterior fragments and 7 medial or posterior fragments; larger anterior fragment partly dehydrated, cylindrical, posteriorly tapered). <b>Additional material.</b> <b>USA, Alaska</b>. One specimen (CAS 162028), Marine Taxonomic Services, Sta. GB 1, 15 Oct. 1995, no further data (36 mm long, 5 mm wide, cephalic cage 13 mm long, 36 chaetigers). <b>California.</b> Many specimens (LACM 4943), RV Velero IV, Sta. 5541 (33º43'12" N, 118º20'45" W), 22 m, coarse black sand, 19 Dec. 1957 (complete ones 10.0– 23.5 mm long, 1.0– 2.5 mm wide, cephalic cage 3.5–5.0 mm long, 49–92 chaetigers). <b>Western</b> <b>Mexico.</b> One specimen (LACM 4940), broken in two, RV Velero III, Sta. 1260 (27º49'32" N, 115º06'40" W à 27º54'15" N, 115º07'00" W), Dewey Channel, opposite San Eugenio Point, 38–44 m, coralline rocks, 27 Feb. 1941 (16 mm long, 2 mm wide, cephalic cage 4 mm long, 37 chaetigers). <b>Description.</b> Holotype (LACM 531) damaged; 31 mm long, 3.3 mm wide, cephalic cage 5 mm long, 25 chaetigers (Fig. 9A). Body papillae filiform, capitate, thick, carrying sand grains dorsally along anterior chaetigers (Fig. 9B), and finer sediment grains in medial (and posterior chaetigers). Papillae few on anterior chaetigers, larger, becoming shorter and more abundant on medial chaetigers, and arranged in up to 10 transverse series per segment. Cephalic hood not exposed. Prostomium low cone; eyes and caruncle not seen (CAS 162028) with four large black eyes; caruncle short triangular. Palps thick, contracted; palp keels low, rounded; lips distorted by contraction. Branchiae cirriform, arranged as two concentric rows, 4 filaments in a continuous row, and other four filaments separated into two lateral groups, each with two filaments, all of about the same length and width, longer than palps. Nephridial lobes not seen; one specimen (CAS 162028) with nephridial lobes rising from inner side of anterior row inner branchiae, basally widened, tapered distally. Cephalic cage chaetae about twice as long as body width. Chaetigers 1–3 forming cephalic cage, chaetae decreasing in size from first chaetiger; arranged in short lateral series, about 6–8 per fascicle (damaged). Anterior dorsal margin of first chaetiger with a medial lobe, with distal papillae. Anterior chaetigers with longer papillae dorsally, not associated with notopodial lobes. Chaetigers 1–3 of about the same length. Chaetal transition from cephalic cage to body chaetae abrupt; anchylosed, falcate blunt neurohooks from chaetiger 4. Gonopodial lobes reduced to oval smooth areas in chaetigers 5–6. Parapodia poorly developed; chaetae emerge from body wall. Parapodia lateral; medial neuropodia ventrolateral. Notopodia and neuropodia without long papillae; close to each other. Medial notochaetae arranged in transverse series; all multiarticulated capillaries (as in a fan), articles short basally, long medially and distally (Fig. 9C), about 6–8 per fascicle, as long as ¼ body width. Neurochaetae multiarticulated capillaries in chaetigers 1–3; neurohooks from chaetiger 4, arranged in transverse series, falcate anteriorly (Fig. 9D), more straight posteriorly (Fig. 9E), 4 hooks per fascicle to the end of the fragment. Posterior end (observed in non-type specimens) tapered into a blunt cone, anus terminal, without anal cirri. <b>Variation.</b> Specimens showed a large variation in several morphological features as follows. Some specimens had reddish chaetae whereas type lot and other specimens have paler or straw-colour chaetae. On the other hand, even the smaller paratype (1 mm body width, cephalic cage 2 mm long), had simple falcate neurohooks in chaetiger 4. A posterior fragment with 27 chaetigers has 3 neurohooks per fascicle. <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Pherusa neopapillata</i> Hartman, 1961 belongs in the group of species with sand particles on their dorsal body papillae; this group includes <i>P. andersonorum</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, <i>P. aspera</i> (Stimpson, 1854), <i>Pherusa incrustata</i> Quatrefages, 1866, reinstated, and <i>P. obscura</i> Quatrefages, 1849 reinst. As stated above, <i>P. andersonorum</i> n.sp. and <i>P. aspera</i> have sediment particles throughout the body instead of having them restricted to anterior or to anterior to medial segments. <i>Pherusa neopapillata</i> is most similar to <i>P. incrustata</i> because they both have 7–10 transverse rows of papillae per segment, but they differ in the abundance of cephalic cage chaetae and on the extension of sand particles along the body. In <i>P. neopapillata</i> the cephalic cage has 6–8 chaetae per fascicle, and sand particles are restricted to anterior segments, whereas in <i>P. incrustata</i> cephalic cage chaetae are more abundant (10–14 notochaetae, 6–8 neurochaetae per bundle), and there are sand particles in papillae of anterior and medial segments. The original description included illustrations of larger, complete specimens (40–45 mm long, 43–45 chaetigers) but they were not found. Later works on Californian flabelligerids mix names with specific features; <i>P. neopapillata</i> is the species regarded as having many abundant, short papillae, and <i>P. papillata</i> is the one with larger, less abundant papillae. These features, in fact, correspond to the other species as shown by the revision of the type material. The difference in branchial numbers previously indicated by Hartman (1961) cannot be confirmed; perhaps due to the poor state of the paratypes. The specimen from Alaska (CAS 162028) have sand particles or each papilla forms a large tubercle with fine sediment; these features are not observed in the Californian specimens, perhaps due to their preservation conditions. <b>Distribution.</b> Alaska to Southern California, in subtidal shallow depths (22–44 m depth).
description: Published as part of <i>Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., 2014, Revision of Pherusa Oken, 1807 (Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae), pp. 1-61 in Zootaxa 3886 (1)</i> on pages 27-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3886.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4951874
description: {"references": ["Hartman, O. (1961) Polychaetous annelids from California. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 25, 1 - 226.", "Blake, J. A. (2000) Family Flabelligeridae Saint-Joseph, 1894. In: Blake, A., Hilbig, B. &amp; Scott, P. V. (Eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and the Western Santa Barbara Channel. The Annelida 4, Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae to Sternaspidae. 7 Vols. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, pp. 1 - 23.", "Stimpson, W. (1854) Synopsis of the marine Invertebrata of Grand Manan, or the region about the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 6, 1 - 67. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 30062", "Quatrefages, A. de (1866 (1865 )) Histoire Naturelle des Anneles Marins et d'Eau Douce: Annelides et Gephyriens. Tome Premier. Collection des Suites a Buffon formant avec les Oeuvres de cet auteur un Cours Complet d'Histoire Naturelle. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 588 pp [Wright, E. P. (1866) Annelida. Zoological Record, Section 6 (Annelida, etc.), 578 - 600.]", "Quatrefages, A. de (1849) Etudes sur les types inferieurs de l'embranchment des Anneles. Memoire sur la Famille des Chloremiens, Chloraemea, Nob. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Troisieme Serie (Zoologie), 12, 277 - 306, pls. 9 - 10. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51505"]}