cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
British Gallup Poll CQ 694
Creators: name: Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2013

description: Government approval (1); Margaret Thatcher job performance (1); James Callaghan job performance (1); David Steel job performance (1); party support (4); 1979 General Election (2); North Atlantic Treaty Organization vs. Warsaw Pact (2); nuclear weapons in Britain (2).
Measuring the linewidth of a stabilized diode laser
Creators: name: Muanzuala, Lal
name: Ravi, Harish
name: Sylvan, Karthik
name: Natarajan, Vasant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a straight-forward technique to measure the linewidth of a grating-stabilized diode laser system---known as an external cavity diode laser (ECDL)---by beating the output of two independent ECDLs in a Michelson interferometer, and then taking the Fourier transform of the beat signal. The measured linewidth is the sum of the linewidths of the two laser systems. Assuming that the two are equal, we find that the linewidth of each ECDL measured over a time period of 2 \textmu s is about 0.3 MHz. This narrow linewidth shows the advantage of using such systems for high-resolution spectroscopy and other experiments in atomic physics.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Non-equilibrium condensation in periodic polariton lattices
Creators: name: Teklu, Berihu
name: Solnyshkov, Dmitry
name: Malpuech, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the Bose-Einstein condensation in periodic polariton lattices in presence of a localized reservoir. Using the Schrödinger and Boltzmann equations, we find analytically the parameters determining the choice of the bandgap for condensation on the defect states.
A unimodal sequence with mode at a quarter length
Creators: name: Liu, Max Y. C.
name: Wang, David G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that the number $A(n,m)$ of partitions with $m$ even parts and largest hook length $n$ is strongly unimodal with mode [(n-1)/4] for $n\ge 6$. We establish this result by induction, using a $5$-term recurrence due to Lin, Xiong and Yan, and two $4$-term recurrences obtained by Zeilberger's algorithm. The sequence $A(n,m)$ is not log-concave. Using Möbius transformation and the method of interlacing zeros, we obtain that every zero of every generating function $\sum_m A(n,m)z^m$ lies on the left half part of the circle |z-1|=2. Moreover, as a direct application of Wang and Zhang's characterization of root geometry of polynomial sequences that satisfy a recurrence of type $(1,1)$, we see that all these zeros are densely distributed on the half circle.
title: Production, perception, and comprehension of subphonemic detail
title: Word-Final /s/ in English
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Schmitz, Dominic
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: subphonemic differences
subject: 400 Sprache::410 Linguistik::410 Linguistik

description: Synopsis: The complexities of speech production, perception, and comprehension are enormous. Theoretical approaches of these complexities most recently face the challenge of accounting for findings on subphonemic differences. The aim of the present dissertation is to establish a robust foundation of findings on such subphonemic differences. One rather popular case for differences in subphonemic detail is word-final /s/ and /z/ in English (henceforth S) as it constitutes a number of morphological functions. Using word-final S, three general issues are investigated. First, are there subphonemic durational differences between different types of word-final S? If there are such differences, how can they be accounted for? Second, can such subphonemic durational differences be perceived? Third, do such subphonemic durational differences influence the comprehension of S? These questions are investigated by five highly controlled studies: a production task, an implementation of Linear Discriminative Learning, a same-different task, and two number-decision tasks. Using not only real words but also pseudowords as target items, potentially confounding effects of lexical storage are controlled for. Concerning the first issue, the results show that there are indeed durational differences between different types of word-final S. Non-morphemic S is longest in duration, clitic S is shortest in duration, and plural S duration is in-between non-morphemic S and clitic S durations. It appears that the durational differences are connected to a word’s semantic activation diversity and its phonological certainty. Regarding the second issue, subphonemic durational differences in word-final S can be perceived, with higher levels of perceptibility for differences of 35 ms and higher. In regard to the third issue, subphonemic durational differences are found not to influence the speed of comprehension, but show a significant effect on the process of comprehension. The overall results give raise to a revision of various extant models of speech production, perception, and comprehension.
Search for a light charged Higgs boson in $t \rightarrow H^{\pm}b$ decays, with $H^{\pm} \rightarrow cb$, in the lepton+jets final state in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for a charged Higgs boson, $H^{\pm}$, produced in top-quark decays, $t \rightarrow H^{\pm}b$, is presented. The search targets $H^{\pm}$ decays into a bottom and a charm quark, $H^{\pm} \rightarrow cb$. The analysis focuses on a selection enriched in top-quark pair production, where one top quark decays into a leptonically decaying $W$ boson and a bottom quark, and the other top quark decays into a charged Higgs boson and a bottom quark. This topology leads to a lepton-plus-jets final state, characterised by an isolated electron or muon and at least four jets. The search exploits the high multiplicity of jets containing $b$-hadrons, and deploys a neural network classifier that uses the kinematic differences between the signal and the background. The search uses a dataset of proton-proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV between 2015 and 2018 with the ATLAS detector at CERN's Large Hadron Collider, amounting to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$. Observed (expected) 95% confidence-level upper limits between 0.15% (0.09%) and 0.42% (0.25%) are derived for the product of branching fractions $\mathscr{B}(t\rightarrow H^{\pm}b) \times \mathscr{B}(H^{\pm}\rightarrow cb)$ for charged Higgs boson masses between 60 and 160 GeV, assuming the SM production of the top-quark pairs.
description: 51 pages in total, author list starting page 34, 8 figures, 3 tables, submitted to JHEP. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HDBS-2019-24/
On the Generation of Dispersive Shock Waves
Creators: name: Miller, Peter D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We review various methods for the analysis of initial-value problems for integrable dispersive equations in the weak-dispersion or semiclassical regime. Some methods are sufficiently powerful to rigorously explain the generation of modulated wavetrains, so-called dispersive shock waves, as the result of shock formation in a limiting dispersionless system. They also provide a detailed description of the solution near caustic curves that delimit dispersive shock waves, revealing fascinating universal wave patterns.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures. Submitted to Physica D
title: Breast shielding significantly reduces breast dose during thoracic spine radiography
Creators: name: Mekis, Nejc
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Radiation safety
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Dosimetric comparison

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: As the use of protective shielding for the patient in conventional radiography varies widely in practice [1-4], the study aimed at providing an objective answer about the effect of lead rubber sheet shielding for a specific case of breast dose...
Gallup Poll # 1956-0570: Presidential Election/Political Parties
Creators: name: Gallup
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2008

description: Truck lane on highway (1); election day as national holiday (1); voter involvement and intent (7); residence (1); Dwight Eisenhower/Richard Nixon vs. Adlai Stevenson/Estes Kefauver (3); important problem (2); partisanship (6); people in the news (2); happiness (3); health (1); Eisenhower vs. Stevenson (2); campaigning (2); man vs. party (1).
Mixed-state form factors of $U(1)$ twist fields in the Dirac theory
Creators: name: Chen, Yixiong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the "Liouville space" (the space of operators) of the massive Dirac theory, we define mixed-state form factors of $U(1)$ twist fields. We consider mixed states with density matrices diagonal in the asymptotic particle basis. This includes the thermal Gibbs state as well as all generalized Gibbs ensembles of the Dirac theory. When the mixed state is specialized to a thermal Gibbs state, using a Riemann-Hilbert problem and low-temperature expansion, we obtain finite-temperature form factors of $U(1)$ twist fields. We then propose the expression for form factors of $U(1)$ twist fields in general diagonal mixed states. We verify that these form factors satisfy a system of nonlinear functional differential equations, which is derived from the trace definition of mixed-state form factors. At last, under weak analytic conditions on the eigenvalues of the density matrix, we write down the large distance form factor expansions of two-point correlation functions of these twist fields. Using the relation between the Dirac and Ising models, this provides the large-distance expansion of the R$\acute{\text{e}}$nyi entropy (for integer R$\acute{\text{e}}$nyi parameter) in the Ising model in diagonal mixed states.
description: v2: 36 pages, corrected textual mistakes
title: Quantitative analysis of Windmill artifacts in various data sampling density in Z-axis
Creators: name: Kujirai, Ryusuke
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Artifacts
subject: Physics
subject: CT-Quantitative
subject: CT
subject: Radiation physics

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: 【 Introduction 】 Since 2000, the evolution to wide coverage Multi Detector-law CT (MDCT) was enabled for visualization small structures in diagnostic imaging and the burden on patients is considerably reduced by fast scanning is...
Stability of non-degenerate Ricci-type Palatini theories
Creators: name: Annala, Jaakko
name: Rasanen, Syksy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stability of theories where the gravitational action has arbitrary algebraic dependence on the three first traces of the Riemann tensor: the Ricci tensor, the co-Ricci tensor, and the homothetic curvature tensor. We collectively call them Ricci-type tensors. We allow arbitrary coupling to matter. We consider the case when the connection is unconstrained, and the cases when either torsion or non-metricity is assumed to vanish. We find which combinations of Ricci-type tensors lead to new degrees of freedom around Minkowski and FLRW space, and when there are ghosts. None of the theories with new degrees of freedom are healthy, except the previously known case when torsion is zero and the action depends only on the Ricci tensor. We find that projective invariance is not a sufficient condition for a theory to be ghost-free.
description: 16+6 pages, no figures. v2: Changed one sentence in introduction, added references. Published version. v3: Corrected a calculation. No effect on which theories are stable. Agrees with the published erratum
Wet Compaction to a Blue Nugget: a Critical Phase in Galaxy Evolution
Creators: name: Lapiner, Sharon
name: Dekel, Avishai
name: Freundlich, Jonathan
name: Ginzburg, Omri
name: Jiang, Fangzhou
name: Kretschmer, Michael
name: Tacchella, Sandro
name: Ceverino, Daniel
name: Primack, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We utilize high-resolution cosmological simulations to reveal that high-redshift galaxies tend to undergo a robust `wet compaction' event when near a `golden' stellar mass of $\sim 10^{10} M_{\odot}$. This is a gaseous shrinkage to a compact star-forming phase, a `blue nugget' (BN), followed by central quenching of star formation to a compact passive stellar bulge, a `red nugget' (RN), and a buildup of an extended gaseous disc and ring. Such nuggets are observed at cosmic noon and seed today's early-type galaxies. The compaction is triggered by a drastic loss of angular momentum due to, e.g., wet mergers, counter-rotating cold streams, or violent disc instability. The BN phase marks drastic transitions in the galaxy structural, compositional and kinematic properties. The transitions are from star-forming to quenched inside-out, from diffuse to compact with an extended disc-ring and a stellar envelope, from dark matter to baryon central dominance, from prolate to oblate stellar shape, from pressure to rotation support, from low to high metallicity, and from supernova to AGN feedback. The central black hole growth, first suppressed by supernova feedback when below the golden mass, is boosted by the compaction, and the black hole keeps growing once the halo is massive enough to lock in the supernova ejecta.
description: 33 pages, 26 figures in the main body (49 pages, 45 figures including appendix). Corresponds to accepted MNRAS version, minor revisions
Gallup Poll # 1956-0573: Presidential Election/Political Parties
Creators: name: Gallup
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2005

description: Possible price changes in next six months (1); thought given to upcoming November elections (1); ever voted in this precinct/district before (1); where people in neighborhood go to vote (1); for whom would vote if presidential election were being held today (9); plans to vote in election this November (2); most important problem facing U.S. today (2); Republican party vs. Democratic party (3); contacts from Democratic or Republican party during present campaign (3); working for Republican or Democratic party in this campaign (2); U.S. should/should not do away with the draft (1); opinion of certain people/groups (8); think Eisenhower/Stevenson will win election (1); how often go out at various times (2); U.S. should/should not call off hydrogen bomb tests for the present (1); would like to see Republican/Democratic party win if elections for Congress were being held today (2); voted for Eisenhower/Stevenson in 1952 presidential election (1).
Farmer Adjustments to Higher Energy Prices: The Case of Pump Irrigators
Creators: name: Skold, Melvin D.
name: Skold, Melvin D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Pump irrigation
subject: Energy costs
subject: Energy conservation
subject: Energy efficiency
subject: Agricultural adjustments

description: Higher energy prices cause fanners using pump irrigation systems to consider several adjustment possibilities. These farmers are not generally able to pass higher energy input costs on to consumers, so higher energy prices will necessarily result in changes in the production process within the firm. These adjustment possibilities include shifting to more energy-efficient crops, reducing the amount of energy used per acre of a given crop, substituting other inputs for energy inputs, or selecting more energy-efficient farming practices and irrigation distribution systems. The potential for each of these possibilities is limited. Increased energy prices pose special challenges for the pump irrigators.
Entanglement of magnetic impurities through electron scattering in an electric field
Creators: name: Lazo-Arjona, Oscar
name: Cordourier-Maruri, Guillermo
name: de Coss, Romeo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the entanglement between two distant magnetic impurities, generated via electron scattering, can be easily modulated by controlling the magnitude of an applied external electric field. We assume that the two magnetic impurities are fixed and located on an one-dimensional quantum wire. A ballistic electron moving through the wire is scattered off by both impurities, so the electron spin can be seen as a mediator between the spins of the impurities. Heisenberg operators are used to describe the interactions between electron and impurities spins. We use a wave guide formalism to model the ballistic electron wave-function. Entanglement control is shown to be possible for three different protocols of entanglement detection. The effect of detection protocols on the entanglement extraction is discussed.
description: 28 pages, 6 figures, accepted to be published in Quantum Information Processing
A Measure-Theoretic Characterization of Tight Language Models
Creators: name: Du, Li
name: Hennigen, Lucas Torroba
name: Pimentel, Tiago
name: Meister, Clara
name: Eisner, Jason
name: Cotterell, Ryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Language modeling, a central task in natural language processing, involves estimating a probability distribution over strings. In most cases, the estimated distribution sums to 1 over all finite strings. However, in some pathological cases, probability mass can ``leak'' onto the set of infinite sequences. In order to characterize the notion of leakage more precisely, this paper offers a measure-theoretic treatment of language modeling. We prove that many popular language model families are in fact tight, meaning that they will not leak in this sense. We also generalize characterizations of tightness proposed in previous works.
description: 25 pages; ACL 2023 camera ready
Regional Gradient Observability for Fractional Differential Equations with Caputo Time-Fractional Derivatives
Creators: name: Zguaid, Khalid
name: Alaoui, Fatima-Zahrae El
name: Torres, Delfim F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate the regional gradient observability of fractional sub-diffusion equations involving the Caputo derivative. The problem consists of describing a method to find and recover the initial gradient vector in the desired region, which is contained in the spacial domain. After giving necessary notions and definitions, we prove some useful characterizations for exact and approximate regional gradient observability. An example of a fractional system that is not (globally) gradient observable but it is regionally gradient observable is given, showing the importance of regional analysis. Our characterization of the notion of regional gradient observability is given for two types of strategic sensors. The recovery of the initial gradient is carried out using an expansion of the Hilbert Uniqueness Method. Two illustrative examples are given to show the application of the developed approach. The numerical simulations confirm that the proposed algorithm is effective in terms of the reconstruction error.
description: This is a 22 pages preprint of a paper whose final and definite form is published in 'Int. J. Dyn. Control' (ISSN 2195-268X). Submitted 11/July/2022; Revised 07/Nov/22; and Accepted 26/Dec/2022
Ground state of superheavy elements with $120 \leq Z \leq 170$: systematic study of the electron-correlation, Breit, and QED effects
Creators: name: Savelyev, I. M.
name: Kaygorodov, M. Y.
name: Kozhedub, Y. S.
name: Malyshev, A. V.
name: Tupitsyn, I. I.
name: Shabaev, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For superheavy elements with atomic numbers $120\leq Z \leq 170$, the concept of the ground-state configuration is being reexamined. To this end, relativistic calculations of the electronic structure of the low-lying levels are carried out by means of the Dirac-Fock and configuration-interaction methods.The magnetic and retardation parts of the Breit interaction as well as the QED effects are taken into account. The influence of the relativistic, QED, and electron-electron correlation effects on the determination of the ground-state is analyzed.
MPEC 2024-C19 : 2024 BE5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 BE5

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Public Agenda Foundation Poll: Just Waiting To Be Asked?--A Fresh Look at Public Engagement
Creators: name: Public Agenda Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2007

description: Most pressing issue facing school district (4); community involvement (30); relationship between public schools and their communities (30); role of public schools (4); more pressing need in school district (2); view about community residents in the school district (2); description of school district (2); strength of sense of community among residents (3); parents/general public being well-informed in regard to education issues (3); current situation in the school district (17); communication with parents and other community residents (4); understanding the views of community residents on issues relating to public schools (12); contact with news reporters about school-related issues (2); rating of local media coverage of district education issues (8); effectiveness of means of communication with large groups (10); relations with groups (16); organized business community (4); organized senior citizen groups (4); interests/concerns of community residents in regard to issues concerning education/public schools (4); view of influence of community residents on school policies (9); approach to school district policy (11); availability of school buildings for non-educational events/meetings (4); attendance at school meetings (9); school board representation of specific constituencies (3); information from the district office (2); public engagement (36); percentage of students eligible for free/reduced lunch program (2); schools in district job performance (2); view of schools attention to parents vs. community concerns (3); view of parent/community special involvement in school issues (2); concern of school officials/administrators about issues teachers care about (1); support/interest of community residents in schools (2); satisfaction with the number of meetings (3); teachers voicing of their opinions at meetings (3); confidence in superintendent/school board (4); sources of information about schools (1); views of schools in district (7); knowledge of neighbors (1); knowledge of superintendent (1); knowledge of school board members (1); vote in last school board election (1); receipt of updates from public schools (1); willingness to pay more in taxes towards public schools (1); rent/ownership of home (1).
title: Prognostic value of Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in traumatic muscle injuries of Italian soccer professional player’s lower limbs
Creators: name: Tack, Sofia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Trauma
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Screening
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Athletic injuries

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Muscle injuries are common in sports with high physical effort, In which the muscles are maximum stressed, even if for short periods. The risk factors which predispose to a distractive lesion muscle are: inadequate preparation, poor warm...
Transition between metastable equilibria: applications to binary-choice games
Creators: name: Antonov, A.
name: Leonidov, A.
name: Semenov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transitions between metastable equilibria in the low-temperature phase of dynamical Ising game with activity spillover are studied in the infinite time limit. It is shown that exponential enhancement due to activity spillover, which takes place in finite-time transitions, is absent in the infinite time limit. In order to demonstrate that, the analytical description for infinite time trajectory is developed. An analytical approach to estimate the probability of transition between metastable equilibria in the infinite time limit is introduced and its results are compared with those of kinetic Monte Carlo simulation. Our study sheds light on the dynamics of the Ising game and has implications for the understanding of transitions between metastable states in complex systems.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
title: Characterization of the model-based iterative reconstruction algorithm: Confirmation of coexistence of dose reduction and spatial resolution improvement
Creators: name: Kayugawa, Akihiro
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Radiation physics
subject: CT
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: Equipment
subject: Technology assessment
subject: Artifacts

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Introduction During the last decade, technological advances have markedly enhanced and expanded the range of computed tomography(CT) clinical applications. With increasing number of computed tomography exams, the population of radiation dose also...
Efficient Density Matrix Renormalization Group algorithm to study Y-Junctions with integer and half-integer spin
Creators: name: Kumar, Manoranjan
name: Parvej, Aslam
name: Thomas, Simil
name: Ramasesha, S.
name: Soos, Z. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An efficient density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm is presented and applied to Y-junctions, systems with three arms of $n$ sites that meet at a central site. The accuracy is comparable to DMRG of chains. As in chains, new sites are always bonded to the most recently added sites and the superblock Hamiltonian contains only new or once renormalized operators. Junctions of up to $N = 3n + 1 \approx 500$ sites are studied with antiferromagnetic (AF) Heisenberg exchange $J$ between nearest-neighbor spins $S$ or electron transfer $t$ between nearest neighbors in half-filled Hubbard models. Exchange or electron transfer is exclusively between sites in two sublattices with $N_A \ne N_B$. The ground state (GS) and spin densities $ ρ_r = $ at site $r$ are quite different for junctions with $S$ = 1/2, 1, 3/2 and 2. The GS has finite total spin $S_G = 2S (S)$ for even (odd) $N$ and for $M_G =S_G$ in the $S_G$ spin manifold, $ρ_r > 0 (< 0)$ at sites of the larger (smaller) sublattice. $S$ = 1/2 junctions have delocalized states and decreasing spin densities with increasing $N$. $S$ = 1 junctions have four localized $S_z = 1/2$ states at the end of each arm and centered on the junction, consistent with localized states in $S$ = 1 chains with finite Haldane gap. The GS of $S$ = 3/2 or 2 junctions of up to 500 spins is a spin density wave (SDW) with increased amplitude at the ends of arms or near the junction. Quantum fluctuations completely suppress AF order in $S$ = 1/2 or 1 junctions, as well as in half-filled Hubbard junctions, but reduce rather than suppress AF order in $S$ = 3/2 or 2 junctions.
description: 11 pages, 11 Figures and submitted to PRB
title: Level of knowledge and interest in Interventional Radiology among medical students: A South Asian single centre survey
Creators: name: Jehangir, Maham
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Education and training
subject: Education
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: Professional issues
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Interventional non-vascular

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: In the setting of rapidly changing advances in the worldwide health care industry and healing arts, there has been a shift of the role of radiology from a peripheral entity to a much more involved, central core specialty. The benefits of...
Is 4U 0114+65 an eclipsing HMXB?
Creators: name: Pradhan, P.
name: Paul, B.
name: Paul, B. C.
name: Bozzo, E.
name: Belloni, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the pulsation and spectral characteristics of the HMXB 4U 0114+65 during a \emph{Suzaku} observation covering the part of the orbit that included the previously known low intensity emission of the source (dip) and the egress from this state. This dip has been interpreted in previous works as an X-ray eclipse. Notably, in this Suzaku observation, the count rate during and outside the dip vary by a factor of only 2-4 at odds with the eclipses of other HMXBs, where the intensity drops upto two orders of magnitude. The orbital intensity profile of 4U 0114+65 is characterized by a narrow dip in the RXTE-ASM (2-12 \rm{keV}) light curve and a shallower one in the Swift-BAT (15-50 \rm{keV}), which is different from eclipse ingress/egress behaviour of other HMXBs. The time-resolved spectral analysis reveal moderate absorption column density (N$_{H}$ - 2-20 $\times$ $10^{22}$ atoms $cm^{-2}$) and a relatively low equivalent width ($\sim$ 30 \rm{eV} \& 12 \rm{eV} of the iron K$_α$ and K$_β$ lines respectively) as opposed to the typical X-ray spectra of HMXBs during eclipse where the equivalent width is $\sim$ 1 \rm{keV}. Both XIS and PIN data show clear pulsations during the dip, which we have further confirmed using the entire archival data of the IBIS/ISGRI and JEM-X instruments onboard \emph{INTEGRAL}. The results we presented question the previous interpretation of the dip in the light curve of 4U 0114+65 as an X-ray eclipse. We thus discuss alternative interpretations of the periodic dip in the light curve of 4U 0114+65.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, Accepted in MNRAS
title: Wachstum oder Schrumpfung in der sozial-ökologischen Transformation: Eine Frage der Entkopplung
Creators: name: Holzmann, Sara
name: Petersen, Thieß
name: Wortmann, Marcus
Publisher: name: Bertelsmann Stiftung
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Wirtschaftswachstum
subject: Klimaneutralität
subject: Entkopplung
subject: Treibhausgase
subject: Emissionen

description: Es reicht nicht: Wenn der Ausstoß von klimaschädlichen Treibhausgasen wie in den Jahren 1990 bis 2022 um durchschnittlich 15,5 Millionen Tonnen pro Jahr sinkt, dann schafft Deutschland nicht wie vorgesehen im Jahr 2045 die Klimaneutralität, sondern erst zwanzig Jahre später, nämlich im Jahr 2065. Der deutsche Beitrag zum 1,5-Grad-Ziel gerät damit endgültig aus dem Blick. Der Erfolg der Transformation der heimischen Wirtschaft und die globale Vorreiterrolle Deutschlands im Klimaschutz wären in Gefahr.
Measurement of the $Λ$ hyperon lifetime
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new, more precise measurement of the $Λ$ hyperon lifetime is performed using a large data sample of Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV with ALICE. The $Λ$ and $\overlineΛ$ hyperons are reconstructed at midrapidity using their two-body weak decay channel $Λ\rightarrow \mathrm{p} + π^{-}$ and $\overlineΛ \rightarrow \overline{\mathrm{p}} + π^{+}$. The measured value of the $Λ$ lifetime is $τ_Λ = [261.07 \pm 0.37 \ ( \rm stat.) \pm 0.72 \ (\rm syst.) ]\ \rm ps$. The relative difference between the lifetime of $Λ$ and $\overlineΛ$, which represents an important test of CPT invariance in the strangeness sector, is also measured. The obtained value $(τ_Λ-τ_{\overlineΛ})/τ_Λ = 0.0013 \pm 0.0028 \ (\mathrm{stat.}) \pm 0.0021 \ (\mathrm{syst.})$ is consistent with zero within the uncertainties. Both measurements of the $Λ$ hyperon lifetime and of the relative difference between $τ_Λ$ and $τ_{\overlineΛ}$ are in agreement with the corresponding world averages of the Particle Data Group and about a factor of three more precise.
description: 20 pages, 5 captioned figures, 4 tables, authors from page 15, published version, figures at http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/node/9097
Compact FPGA-based pulse-sequencer and radio-frequency generator for experiments with trapped atoms
Creators: name: Pruttivarasin, Thaned
name: Katori, Hidetoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a compact FPGA-based pulse sequencer and radio-frequency (RF) generator suitable for experiments with cold trapped ions and atoms. The unit is capable of outputting a pulse sequence with at least 32 TTL channels with a timing resolution of 40 ns and contains a built-in 100 MHz frequency counter for counting electrical pulses from a photo-multiplier tube (PMT). There are 16 independent direct-digital-synthesizers (DDS) RF sources with fast (rise-time of ~60 ns) amplitude switching and sub-mHz frequency tuning from 0 to 800 MHz.
Demonstration of Quantum Energy Teleportation on Superconducting Quantum Hardware
Creators: name: Ikeda, Kazuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Teleporting physical quantities to remote locations is a remaining key challenge for quantum information science and technology. Quantum teleportation has enabled the transfer of quantum information, but teleportation of quantum physical quantities has not yet been realized. Here we report the realization and observation of quantum energy teleportation on real superconducting quantum hardware. We achieve this by using several IBM's superconducting quantum computers. The results are consistent with the exact solution of the theory and are improved by the mitigation of measurement error. Quantum energy teleportation requires only local operations and classical communication. Therefore our results provide a realistic benchmark that is fully achievable with current quantum computing and communication technologies.
description: Code is available https://github.com/IKEDAKAZUKI/Quantum-Energy-Teleportation
title: Longitudinal stress fracture: patterns of edema and the importance of the nutrient foramen in MRI evaluation.
Creators: name: Saad, Jamel
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Trauma
subject: Oedema
subject: Staging
subject: MR
subject: Trauma
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Bones

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Longitudinal stress fractures are uncommon fractures that are thought to be related to rotational stress. While they most commonly occur in the tibia, cases have also been reported in the femur and fibula. The fracture was first described by Divas...
Understanding the approximations of mode-coupling theory for sheared steady states of colloids
Creators: name: Nandi, Saroj Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lack of clarity of various mode-coupling theory (MCT) approximations, even in equilibrium,makes it hard to understand the relation between various MCT approaches for sheared steady states as well as their regime of validity. Here we try to understand these approximations indirectly by deriving the MCT equations through two different approaches for a colloidal system under shear, first, through a microscopic approach, as suggested by Zaccarelli et al, and second, through fluctuating hydrodynamics, where the approximations used in the derivation are quite clear. The qualitative similarity of our theory with a number of existing theories show that linear response theory might play a role in various approximations employed in deriving those theories and one needs to be careful while applying them for systems arbitrarily far away from equilibrium, such as a granular system or when shear is very strong. As a byproduct of our calculation, we obtain the extension of Yvon-Born-Green (YBG) equation for a sheared system and under the assumption of random-phase approximation, the YBG equation yields the distorted structure factor that was earlier obtained through different approaches.
description: 12 pages
Understanding the shape and diversity of dwarf galaxy rotation curves in LCDM
Creators: name: Read, J. I.
name: Iorio, G.
name: Agertz, O.
name: Fraternali, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The shape and diversity of dwarf galaxy rotation curves is at apparent odds with dark matter halos in a $Λ$ Cold Dark Matter ($Λ$CDM) cosmology. We use mock data from isolated dwarf galaxy simulations to show that this owes to three main effects. Firstly, stellar feedback heats dark matter, leading to a 'coreNFW' dark matter density profile with a slowly rising rotation curve. Secondly, if close to a recent starburst, large HI bubbles push the rotation curve out of equilibrium, deforming the rotation curve shape. Thirdly, when galaxies are viewed near face-on, their best fit inclination is biased high. This can lead to a very shallow rotation curve that falsely implies a large dark matter core. All three problems can be avoided, however, by a combination of improved mass models and a careful selection of target galaxies. Fitting our coreNFW model to mock rotation curve data, we show that we can recover the rotation curve shape, dark matter halo mass $M_{200}$ and concentration parameter $c$ within our quoted uncertainties. We fit our coreNFW model to real data for four isolated dwarf irregulars, chosen to span a wide range of rotation curve shapes. We obtain an excellent fit for NGC 6822 and WLM, with tight constraints on $M_{200}$, and $c$ consistent with $Λ$CDM. However, IC 1613 and DDO 101 give a poor fit. For IC 1613, we show that this owes to disequilibria and its uncertain inclination $i$; for DDO 101, it owes to its uncertain distance $D$. If we assume $i_{\rm IC1613} \sim 15^\circ$ and $D_{\rm DDO101} \sim 12$ Mpc, consistent with current uncertainties, we are able to fit both galaxies very well. We conclude that $Λ$CDM appears to give an excellent match to dwarf galaxy rotation curves.
description: 21 pages; 1 Table; 11 Figures. New section added discussing how our results relate to the Baryonic Tully Fisher Relation; appendices added exploring our concentration parameter prior, and allowing the dark matter core size to freely vary for WLM; all conclusions unchanged. To appear in MNRAS
New Non-Abelian Reissner-Nordström Black Hole Solutions in the Generalized SU(2) Proca Theory And Some Astrophysical Implications
Creators: name: Gomez, Gabriel
name: Rodriguez, Jose F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Generalized SU(2) Proca theory is a vector-tensor theory of gravity whose action is invariant under global transformations of the SU(2) group and includes second-order derivative self-interactions of the vector field beyond the massive Yang-Mills theory. We find that the presence of two Lagrangian pieces consisting of four gauge fields minimally coupled to gravity gives rise to an exact Reissner-Nordström black hole solution endowed with two different non-Abelian effective charges that depend on the specific combination, $χ= 2χ_1 + χ_2$, of the respective coupling constants. After studying the spacetime structure of the black hole, some astrophysical implications of the black hole solutions are investigated. First, joint analysis of observations of the EHT's first images of Sagittarius A$^{\star}$ of our Galaxy set the first serious constraint on the free parameters of the theory beyond the theoretical bounds found. Second, we investigate the accretion properties of spherical steady flows around this class of non-Abelian Reissner-Nordström black hole. Specifically, we examine the general conditions under which transonic flow is allowed. Analytical solution for critical accretion is found in terms of the coupling constant. In addition, we explore numerically the effect of changing $χ$ on the radial velocity and mass density, and show how the extremal Reissner-Nordström and the standard Schwarzschild solutions as limit cases are achieved. Finally, working in the fully relativistic regime, an analytical expression for the critical mass accretion rate of a polytropic fluid onto a black hole is derived. As a main result, we find that the critical accretion rate efficiency can be noticeably improved compared to the Schwarzschild case for a specific region of the parameter space where the non-Abelian charge becomes imaginary.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures. Typos fixed, introduction extended to match published version
Public Agenda Foundation Poll: Rolling Up Their Sleeves--Superintendents and Principals Talk About What’s Needed to Fix Public Schools
Creators: name: Public Agenda Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2013

description: Most pressing issue facing district these days (1); role of school administrators (1); reason why talented superintendents leave the field (1); impact of higher standards and accountability on superintendents (1); typical experience when trying to get things done (1); budget (1); impact of litigation on district (4); challenges faced by school administrators (12); potential problems have gotten worse/gotten better /stayed the same in district in recent years (5); No Child Left Behind Act (14); evaluation of principals (6); evaluation of superintendents (6); moving a successful principal to a low-performing school (3); certain things are/are not currently happening in respondent's district (6); standardized tests (7); view on using 2 or 3-year employment contracts for administrators (1); most effective way to improve teaching corps in district (1); new teachers (6); professional development (1); improving quality of teaching (2); tenure (6); teachers' union (2); school board (5); what was most valuable in preparing respondent for current position (1); grad program respondent went through to become a certified administrator (1); job security (1); number of students enrolled in district (1); number of students attending respondent's school (1); percentage of students in district participate in free or reduced lunch program (1); location of school district (1); years experience as superintendent (1); principal of which type of school (1).
Pseudocode algorithm for the lattice-based random walk from Exact solutions for diffusive transport on heterogeneous growing domains
Creators: name: Johnston, Stuart T.
name: Simpson, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 10299
subject: Applied Mathematics not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 19999
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Pseudocode algorithm for the lattice-based random walk
Global Existence and Large Time Asymptotic Behavior of Strong Solutions to the Cauchy Problem of 2D Density-Dependent Navier-Stokes Equations with Vacuum
Creators: name: Lv, Boqiang
name: Shi, Xiaoding
name: Zhong, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We are concerned with the Cauchy problem of the two-dimensional (2D) nonhomogeneous incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with vacuum as far-field density. It is proved that if the initial density decays not too slow at infinity, the 2D Cauchy problem of the density-dependent Navier-Stokes equations on the whole space $\mathbb{R}^2$ admits a unique global strong solution. Note that the initial data can be arbitrarily large and the initial density can contain vacuum states and even have compact support. Furthermore, we also obtain the large time decay rates of the spatial gradients of the velocity and the pressure which are the same as those of the homogeneous case.
description: 14 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1506.02156; text overlap with arXiv:1310.1673 by other authors
title: Lipoma arborescens of the knee.
Creators: name: Saad, Jamel
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Inflammation
subject: Arthritides
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Musculoskeletal joint

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1) Identify key clinical features and abnormal findings on MR studies that are critical to make the diagnosis. 2) Construct a logical list of differential diagnoses based on the MRI findings, focusing on the most probable differential...
title: Role of imaging in the preoperative assessment of pelvic and extrapelvic endometriosis: a pictorial essay
Creators: name: Peri, Mariangela
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: MR
subject: Structured reporting
subject: Education and training
subject: Obstetrics

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: -To create a MR radiological template for endometriosis -To review MR reports and images in patients with endometriosis to assess the accurancy of the...