cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effect of embryo vitrification on the expression of brain tissue proteins in mouse offspring
Creators: name: Wenjing Zhu
name: Jingxuan Zheng
name: Yangxing Wen
name: Yubin Li
name: Canquan Zhou
name: Zengyan Wang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Vitrification is widely used in assisted reproductive technologies. However, the nervous system of vitrification offspring is of concern, and research on this is lacking. Vitrification-born mice (vitrification group), conventional in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer pregnancy-born mice (IVF group), and natural pregnancy-born mice (control group) were used to study the effects of vitrification of mouse embryos on protein levels in the brain of offspring. Proteins differentially expressed among the three groups were analyzed using proteomic methods, including two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics analysis. Immunohistochemistry was used to verify the expression of differentially expressed proteins, such as Actb and Actg1, in each group. Twenty differentially expressed proteins in the brain tissue were identified using two-dimensional protein electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these proteins were related to the development of anatomical structure, signal transduction, transport, cell differentiation, and stress response (biological processes) and the binding of molecules in vivo (molecular functions). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins were involved in 54 pathways, including phagosome, metabolic pathway, apoptosis, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. Thus, embryo vitrification may cause some changes in the mouse brain at the protein level, necessitating further safety assessment.
A Mid-infrared Flare in the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 3786: A Changing-look Event Triggered by an Obscured Tidal Disruption Event?
Creators: name: Son, Suyeon
name: Kim, Minjin
name: Ho, Luis C.
name: Kim, Dohyeong
name: Kim, Taehyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an exceptional mid-infrared flare in the Seyfert 1.8 NGC 3786. In the multi-epoch data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the nuclear mid-infrared brightness of NGC 3786 appears to vary substantially up to $0.5-0.8$ mag around mid-2020. However, there is no evidence of significant variation in the corresponding light curve of the optical band from the Zwicky Transient Facility. This implies that the flare may have been heavily obscured by nuclear dust. Through follow-up spectroscopic observations with Gemini-North after the flare, we find that broad emission lines in ${\rm Pa}α$ and ${\rm Pa}β$ newly appear, while the broad ${\rm H}β$ emission is marginally detected in the post-flare spectrum. In addition, their central wavelengths are systematically redshifted up to 900 km s$^{-1}$ with respect to the narrow emission lines. This reveals that the flare is associated with the changing-look phenomenon from type 1.8 to type 1. Based on these findings, we argue that the flare is likely to originate from an obscured tidal disruption event, although extreme variation in the accretion rate may not be ruled out completely.
description: Accepted to ApJ
Majorana Zero Modes and Topological Quantum Computation
Creators: name: Sarma, Sankar Das
name: Freedman, Michael
name: Nayak, Chetan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a current perspective on the rapidly developing field of Majorana zero modes in solid state systems. We emphasize the theoretical prediction, experimental realization, and potential use of Majorana zero modes in future information processing devices through braiding-based topological quantum computation. Well-separated Majorana zero modes should manifest non-Abelian braiding statistics suitable for unitary gate operations for topological quantum computation. Recent experimental work, following earlier theoretical predictions, has shown specific signatures consistent with the existence of Majorana modes localized at the ends of semiconductor nanowires in the presence of superconducting proximity effect. We discuss the experimental findings and their theoretical analyses, and provide a perspective on the extent to which the observations indicate the existence of anyonic Majorana zero modes in solid state systems. We also discuss fractional quantum Hall systems (the 5/2 state) in this context. We describe proposed schemes for carrying out braiding with Majorana zero modes as well as the necessary steps for implementing topological quantum computation.
description: Final Version Accepted for Publication as a Review Article in NPJ Quantum Information
Anisotropic Compact Stars in $f(G)$ Gravity
Creators: name: Abbas, G.
name: Momeni, D.
name: Ali, M. Aamir
name: Myrzakulov, R.
name: Qaisar, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is devoted to study the possibility of forming anisotropic compact stars in modified Gauss-Bonnet, namely called as $f(G)$ theory of gravity which is one of the strong candidates,responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe. For this purpose, we have used analytical solution of Krori and Barua metric to the Einstein field equations with anisotropic form of matter and power law model of $f(G)$ gravity. To determine the unknown constants in Krori and Barua metric, we have used the sample of compact stars, 4$U$1820-30, Her X-1, SAX J 1808-3658. The physical behavior of these stars have been analyzed with the observational data. In this setting, we have checked all the regularity conditions and stability of the compact stars 4$U$1820-30, Her X-1, SAX J1808-3658.
description: Version accepted in "Astrophysics and Space Science"
Hawking radiation from acoustic black holes in hydrodynamic flow of electrons
Creators: name: Dave, Shreyansh S.
name: Ganguly, Oindrila
name: S., Saumia P.
name: Srivastava, Ajit M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Acoustic black holes are formed when a fluid flowing with subsonic velocities, accelerates and becomes supersonic. When the flow is directed from the subsonic to supersonic region, the surface on which the normal component of fluid velocity equals the local speed of sound acts as an acoustic horizon. This is because no acoustic perturbation from the supersonic region can cross it to reach the subsonic part of the fluid. One can show that if the fluid velocity is locally irrotational, the field equations for acoustic perturbations of the velocity potential are identical to that of a massless scalar field propagating in a black hole background. One, therefore, expects Hawking radiation in the form of a thermal spectrum of phonons. There have been numerous investigations of this possibility, theoretically, as well as experimentally, in systems ranging from cold atom systems to quark-gluon plasma formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Here we investigate this possibility in the hydrodynamic flow of electrons. Resulting Hawking radiation in this case should be observable in terms of current fluctuations. Further, current fluctuations on both sides of the acoustic horizon should show correlations expected for pairs of Hawking particles.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Localization of charge carriers in monolayer graphene gradually disordered by ion irradiation
Creators: name: Zion, E.
name: Haran, A.
name: Butenko, A. V.
name: Wolfson, L.
name: Kaganovskii, Yu.
name: Havdala, T.
name: Sharoni, A.
name: Naveh, D.
name: Richter, V.
name: Kaveh, M.
name: Kogan, E.
name: Shlimak, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gradual localization of charge carriers was studied in a series of micro-size samples of monolayer graphene fabricated on the common large scale film and irradiated by different doses of C$^+$ ions with energy 35 keV. Measurements of the temperature dependence of conductivity and magnetoresistance in fields up to 4 T showed that at low disorder, the samples are in the regime of weak localization and antilocalization. Further increase of disorder leads to strong localization regime, when conductivity is described by the variable-range-hopping (VRH) mechanism. A crossover from the Mott regime to the Efros-Shklovskii regime of VRH is observed with decreasing temperature. Theoretical analysis of conductivity in both regimes showed a remarkably good agreement with experimental data.
description: Latex, 5 pages, 5 eps Figures. As accepted for publication in Graphene
The Hidden Phase of the Spin-Boson Model
Creators: name: Otterpohl, Florian
name: Nalbach, Peter
name: Thorwart, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum two-level system immersed in a sub-Ohmic bath experiences enhanced low-frequency quantum statistical fluctuations which render the nonequilibrium quantum dynamics highly non-Markovian. Upon using the numerically exact time-evolving matrix product operator approach, we investigate the phase diagram of the polarization dynamics. In addition to the known phases of damped coherent oscillatory dynamics and overdamped decay, we identify a new third region in the phase diagram for strong coupling showing an aperiodic behaviour. We determine the corresponding phase boundaries. The dynamics of the quantum two-state system herein is not coherent by itself but slaved to the oscillatory bath dynamics.
Porosimetry for thin films of Metal–Organic Frameworks: a comparison of Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy and Adsorption‐Based Methods
Creators: name: Stassin, Timothée
name: Verbeke, Rhea
name: Cruz, Alexander John
name: Rodríguez-Hermida, Sabina
name: Stassen, Ivo
name: Marreiros, João
name: Krishtab, Mikhail
name: Dickmann, Marcel
name: Egger, Werner
name: Vankelecom, Ivo F. J.
name: Furukawa, Shuhei
name: De Vos, Dirk
name: Grosso, David
name: Thommes, Matthias
name: Ameloot, Rob
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other chemical sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Thin films of crystalline and porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have great potential in membranes, sensors, and microelectronic chips. While the morphology and crystallinity of MOF films can be evaluated using widely available techniques, characterizing their pore size, pore volume, and specific surface area is challenging due to the low amount of material and substrate effects. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) is introduced as a powerful method to obtain pore size information and depth profiling in MOF films. The complementarity of this approach to established physisorption-based methods such as quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) gravimetry, ellipsometric porosimetry (EP), and Kr physisorption (KrP) is illustrated. This comprehensive discussion on MOF thin film porosimetry is supported by experimental data for thin films of ZIF-8.
Figure data for 'P-V-T Equation of State of Boron Carbide' from High P-T conditions in boron carbide
Creators: name: Somayazulu, Maddury
name: Ahart, Muhtar
name: Meng, Yue
name: Ciezak, Jennifer
name: Velisavlevic, Nenad
name: Hemley, Russell J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Applied Physics

description: We report P-V-T equation of state measurements of B4C to 50 GPa and approximately 2500 K in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. We obtain an ambient temperature, third-order Birch–Murnaghan fit to the P-V data that yields a bulk modulus K0, 221(2) GPa and derivative, (dK/dP)0 of 3.3(1). These were used in both the Mie–Grüneissen–Debye fit and a temperature dependent, Birch–Murnaghan equation of state that includes thermal pressure estimated by thermal expansion (α) and a temperature-dependent bulk modulus (dK0/dT). The ambient pressure thermal expansion coefficient (α0 + α1T), Grüneissen γ(V) = γ0(V/V0)q and a volume-dependent Debye temperature, were used as input parameters for these fits and found to be sufficient to describe the data in the whole P-T range of this study.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 1)’.
Topological aspects of $π$ phase winding junctions in superconducting wires
Creators: name: Spånslätt, Christian
name: Ardonne, Eddy
name: Budich, Jan Carl
name: Hansson, Thors Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate Josephson junctions with a phase shift of $π$ in various proximity induced one-dimensional superconductor models. One of the salient experimental signatures of topological superconductors, namely the fractionalized $4 π$ periodic Josephson effect, is closely related to the occurrence of a characteristic zero energy bound state in such junctions. We make a detailed analysis of a more general type of $π$-junctions coined "phase winding" junctions where the phase of the order parameter rotates by an angle $π$ while its absolute value is kept finite. Such junctions have different properties, also from a topological viewpoint, and there are no protected zero energy modes. We compare the phenomenology of such junctions in topological ($p$-wave) and trivial ($s$-wave) superconducting wires, and briefly discuss possible experimental probes. Furthermore, we propose a topological field theory that gives a minimal description of a wire with defects corresponding to $π$-junctions. This effective theory is a one-dimensional version of similar theories describing Majorana bound states in half-vortices of two-dimensional topological superconductors.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures; v2: sections 3 and 4 streamlined
Preeclampsia and other pregnancy outcomes in nulliparous women with type 1 diabetes: a retrospective survey
Creators: name: Garey, Colleen
name: Lynn, Jessica
name: Sabino, Anna Floreen
name: Hughes, Allyson
name: McAuliffe-Fogarty, Alicia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Obstetric complications are more common in women with diabetes than in the general population. This study aimed to learn about the first pregnancy of women with type 1 diabetes from the perspective of women from T1D Exchange-Glu and the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry. Participants were ≥18, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before conception, and either currently pregnant or had given birth in the preceding 10 years. The final sample size was 533 women. Women who planned pregnancy had significantly lower HbA1c (A1c) at conception. Women who had higher A1cs at conception were at a higher risk for cesarean birth, increased weight gain, hypoglycemia during pregnancy, and earlier onset of preeclampsia. Overall 29% of women developed preeclampsia in this population, over seven times the rate in the general population. This study helps to expand our knowledge of women with type 1 diabetes during the perinatal period. Planning pregnancy, expanding education and support, and preventing preeclampsia may help to improve pregnancy outcomes.
Formulation of the relativistic heat equation and the relativistic kinetic Fokker-Planck equation using GENERIC
Creators: name: Duong, Manh Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we formulate the relativistic heat equation and the relativistic kinetic Fokker-Planck equations into the GENERIC (General Equation for Non-Equilibrium Reversible-Irreversible Coupling) framework. We also show that the relativistic Maxwellian distribution is the stationary solution of the latter. The GENERIC formulation provides an alternative justification that the two equations are meaningful relativistic generalizations of their nonrelativistic counterparts.
description: 20 pages, revised
Calculation of magnetic forces and torques on the Kibble coil
Creators: name: Schlamminger, Stephan
name: Keck, Lorenz
name: Seifert, Frank
name: Chao, Leon S.
name: Haddad, Darine
name: Li, Shisong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analytically the forces and torques on a coil in a field of magnetic flux density can be calculated one of two ways. The line integral can be conducted along the coil's wire, summing up the differential force contribution. For each differential line segment, the force is obtained as a cross product with the magnetic flux density. Alternatively, the coil's energy in the field is the current times the flux threading the coil. Hence, the energy is obtained by executing a surface integral over the coil's open surface. Here, a dot product of the differential surface element with the magnetic flux density is executed under the integral sign. The forces and torques can then be obtained from the negative derivative of the energy with respect to the appropriate coordinate. For yoke-based Kibble balances, the latter method is much simpler since most of the flux is contained in the inner yoke of the magnet and can be written as a simple equation. Here, we use this method to provide simple equations and their results for finding the torques and forces that act on a coil in a yoke-based magnet system. We further introduce a simple method that allows the calculation of the position and orientation difference between the coil and the magnet from three measurements.
description: 16 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication by Metrologia
Single-side access, isotropic resolution and multispectral 3D photoacoustic imaging with rotate-translate scanning of ultrasonic detector array
Creators: name: Gateau, Jérôme
name: Gesnik, Marc
name: Chassot, Jean-Marie
name: Bossy, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photoacoustic imaging can achieve high-resolution three-dimensional visualization of optical absorbers at penetration depths ~ 1 cm in biological tissues by detecting optically-induced high ultrasound frequencies. Tomographic acquisition with ultrasound linear arrays offers an easy implementation of single-side access, parallelized and high-frequency detection, but usually comes with an image quality impaired by the directionality of the detectors. Indeed, a simple translation of the array perpendicularly to its median imaging plane is often used, but results both in a poor resolution in the translation direction and in strong limited view artifacts. To improve the spatial resolution and the visibility of complex structures while keeping a planar detection geometry, we introduce, in this paper, a novel rotate-translate scanning scheme, and investigate the performance of a scanner implemented at 15 MHz center frequency. The developed system achieved a quasi-isotropic uniform 3D resolution of ~170 um over a cubic volume of side length 8.5 mm, i.e. an improvement in the resolution in the translation direction by almost one order of magnitude. Dual wavelength imaging was also demonstrated with ultrafast wavelength shifting. The validity of our approach was shown in vitro. We discuss the ability to enable in vivo imaging for preclinical and clinical studies.
description: 43 pages, 5 figures
title: The Whig idea of Europe, 1685-1705
Creators: name: Mitchell, William Henry Feeney
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2022

description: This thesis analyses the Whig idea of Europe in the later 17th century, which claimed that Europe’s confessional divide should be the central fact of English foreign and domestic policy. This idea contextualised events like the Nine Years’ War (1688-1697) in a timeless Manichean divide between Catholicism and Protestantism. Those studied here argued that the Tories and the anti-Standing Army Whigs contributed to the triumph of enemies like Louis XIV, by furthering narratives that were distractions from the central European divide. Instead of focusing on canonical Whig politicians, this thesis analyses the idea of Europe by reconstructing the print networks of those who communicated it. It does so by tracing factors like citations, advertisements, and court patronage. The thesis demonstrates how a heterodox coalition of magnates, MPs, poets, clergy, pamphleteers, and others, were drawn together by an idea that became a standard rhetorical device throughout the long eighteenth century.
The First Calculation of Fractional Jets
Creators: name: Bertolini, Daniele
name: Thaler, Jesse
name: Walsh, Jonathan R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In collider physics, jet algorithms are a ubiquitous tool for clustering particles into discrete jet objects. Event shapes offer an alternative way to characterize jets, and one can define a jet multiplicity event shape, which can take on fractional values, using the framework of "jets without jets". In this paper, we perform the first analytic studies of fractional jet multiplicity $\tilde{N}_{\rm jet}$ in the context of $e^+e^-$ collisions. We use fixed-order QCD to understand the $\tilde{N}_{\rm jet}$ cross section at order $α_s^2$, and we introduce a candidate factorization theorem to capture certain higher-order effects. The resulting distributions have a hybrid jet algorithm/event shape behavior which agrees with parton shower Monte Carlo generators. The $\tilde{N}_{\rm jet}$ observable does not satisfy ordinary soft-collinear factorization, and the $\tilde{N}_{\rm jet}$ cross section exhibits a number of unique features, including the absence of collinear logarithms and the presence of soft logarithms that are purely non-global. Additionally, we find novel divergences connected to the energy sharing between emissions, which are reminiscent of rapidity divergences encountered in other applications. Given these interesting properties of fractional jet multiplicity, we advocate for future measurements and calculations of $\tilde{N}_{\rm jet}$ at hadron colliders like the LHC.
description: 45 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables; v2: expanded discussion of non-additivity, v3: journal version
Modeling Spatial Trajectories using Coarse-Grained Smartphone Logs
Creators: name: Gupta, Vinayak
name: Bedathur, Srikanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Current approaches for points-of-interest (POI) recommendation learn the preferences of a user via the standard spatial features such as the POI coordinates, the social network, etc. These models ignore a crucial aspect of spatial mobility -- every user carries their smartphones wherever they go. In addition, with growing privacy concerns, users refrain from sharing their exact geographical coordinates and their social media activity. In this paper, we present REVAMP, a sequential POI recommendation approach that utilizes the user activity on smartphone applications (or apps) to identify their mobility preferences. This work aligns with the recent psychological studies of online urban users, which show that their spatial mobility behavior is largely influenced by the activity of their smartphone apps. In addition, our proposal of coarse-grained smartphone data refers to data logs collected in a privacy-conscious manner, i.e., consisting only of (a) category of the smartphone app and (b) category of check-in location. Thus, REVAMP is not privy to precise geo-coordinates, social networks, or the specific application being accessed. Buoyed by the efficacy of self-attention models, we learn the POI preferences of a user using two forms of positional encodings -- absolute and relative -- with each extracted from the inter-check-in dynamics in the check-in sequence of a user. Extensive experiments across two large-scale datasets from China show the predictive prowess of REVAMP and its ability to predict app- and POI categories.
description: IEEE Transactions on Big Data
Loops in noncompact groups and factorization
Creators: name: Caine, Arlo
name: Pickrell, Doug
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E67

description: In [11] we showed that a loop in a simply connected compact Lie group $\dot{U}$ has a unique Birkhoff (or triangular) factorization if and only if the loop has a unique root subgroup factorization (relative to a choice of a reduced sequence of simple reflections in the affine Weyl group). In this paper our main purpose is to investigate Birkhoff and root subgroup factorization for loops in a noncompact type semisimple Lie group $\dot G_0$ of inner type. In [4] we showed that for an element of $\dot G_0$, i.e. a constant loop, there is a unique Birkhoff factorization if and only if there is a root subgroup factorization. However for loops in $\dot G_0$, while a root subgroup factorization implies a unique Birkhoff factorization, there are several obstacles to the converse. As in the compact case, root subgroup factorization is intimately related to factorization of Toeplitz determinants.
description: The first version of this paper was split into two parts. The first part, concerning finite dimensional results, was expanded and became arXiv:1503.08461. The remainder constitutes this revision. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0905.2911
A process of elimination? Reviewing the fragmented settlement record of eastern Pictland and its implications for future research
Creators: name: Reid, Vanessa
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2021

description: Medieval Settlement Research, 36, 49-60
description: Across Scotland's eastern mainland, evidence of early medieval settlement is varied and diffuse. Structural remains have proven particularly elusive, and our understanding of the relationship between sites, and the function of settlements in general, remains limited. Preservation has played a major role in the creation of this record and whilst contributing factors are routinely identified at the site-level, efforts to assess their prevalence have been virtually non-existent. Through a review of excavation literature, this paper collates evidence for the major factors impacting the survival of early medieval settlement remains and considers how such factors have influenced our interpretation of the archaeological record to date. The study then looks at the future of these sites in the wake of climate change and considers what techniques and strategies we may use to try and overcome the current theoretical and methodological hurdles.
Appendix from Modelling the photosynthetic system I as complex interacting network
Creators: name: D. Montepietra
name: Bellingeri, M.
name: A. M. Ross
name: F. Scotognella
name: D. Cassi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Supplementary results
MeV-GeV Polarimetry with $γ\to e^+e^-$: Asserting the Performance of Silicon Strip Detectors-Based Telescopes
Creators: name: Bernard, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The polarimetry of gamma rays converting to an $e^+e^-$ pair would open a new window on the high-energy gamma-ray sky by, among other things, providing insight into the radiation mechanism in pulsars (curvature or synchrotron) or deciphering the composition of the gamma-ray emitting jets in blazars (leptonic or lepto-hadronic). The performance of polarimeters based on homogeneous active targets (gas detectors (MeV, HARPO) or emulsions (GeV, GRAINE) has been studied both with simulation and by the analysis of data collected with telescope prototypes on linearly-polarised gamma-ray beams, and found to be excellent. The present (Fermi LAT), AGILE and future project (AMEGO, ASTROGAM) gamma-ray missions, though, are using active targets based on silicon strip detectors (SSD). No demonstration of a non-zero effective polarisation asymmetry with SSDs has been published to date, be it only with simulated data, and sensitivity estimations were obtained from an assumed value of the effective polarisation asymmetry. I present a characterisation of the potential of SSD-based active targets for polarimetry with gamma-ray conversions to pairs and the development of various methods to improve on the sensitivity. This work could pave the way to providing the polarimetry of the brightest gamma-ray sources of the sky from the decade of data collected by the Fermi LAT and by AGILE, and to guiding the design of future missions.
description: Submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis constraints on $f(T,T_G)$ gravity
Creators: name: Asimakis, Petros
name: Saridakis, Emmanuel N.
name: Basilakos, Spyros
name: Yesmakhanova, Kuralay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We confront $f(T,T_G)$ gravity, with Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) requirements. The former is obtained using both the torsion scalar, as well as the teleparallel equivalent of the Gauss-Bonnet term, in the Lagrangian, resulting to modified Friedmann equations in which the extra torsional terms constitute an effective dark energy sector. We calculate the deviations of the freeze-out temperature $T_f$, caused by the extra torsion terms in comparison to $Λ$CDM paradigm. Then we impose five specific $f(T,T_G)$ models and we extract the constraints on the model parameters in order for the ratio $|ΔT_f/ T_f|$ to satisfy the observational BBN bound. As we find, in most of the models the involved parameters are bounded in a narrow window around their General Relativity values as expected, as in the power-law model where the exponent $n$ needs to be $n\lesssim 0.5$. Nevertheless the logarithmic model can easily satisfy the BBN constraints for large regions of the model parameters. This feature should be taken into account in future model building.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, invited paper to appear in Universe Special Issue "Torsion-Gravity and Spinors in Fundamental Theoretical Physics", Special Issue Editor: Luca Fabbri
title: Structure, properties and self-assembly of gold and silver nanoparticles.
Creators: name: Fink, John.
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: Non-aqueous dispersions of colloidal gold and silver clusters have been prepared by the reduction of HAuCl4 and AgN03 solutions with NaBH4 in the presence of protecting agents such as quaternary ammonium salts and alkanethiol. The resulting clusters were then investigated both in solution, and in thin film form when deposited on TEM grids. Thiol-derivatised particles form dark brown residues upon removal of the solvent which can easily be re-dispersed in low dielectric solvents such as toluene or pentane. Such exceptional stability has led to the name cluster compounds. The growing interest in nanophase systems has been motivated both by scientific interest in their unique opto-electronic properties which show a marked deviation from bulk behaviour, but also from their potential applications in the fields of opto-electronic devices. Such applications will inevitably require long range order and control of such nanoparticle assemblies and it is with this in mind that the present work is based. A drop of such a colloidal solution when allowed to evaporate onto a carbon coated grid results in the formation of regular self-assembled structures which were then examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Monodisperse gold and silver particles show a tendency to self-assemble into highly ordered pseudo-hexagonal closepacked rafts, in which the interparticle separation can be varied according to the size of the stabilising ligand attached to the gold or silver surface. It is also shown that gold particles can, in addition to conventional f.c.c., h.c.p. stacking in 2D structures, form unusual non-closed packed ring and line like structures. Ordered superlattices composed of bimodal particle size distributions of either gold or silver, or gold-silver binary mixtures, have also been observed. Such structures represent the first example of superlattice ordering on the nanometre scale which, up to now, has only been observed in micrometre scale colloidal crystallites and in atomic scale intermetallic alloys. Moreover, it is shown how the underlying principles for intermetallic alloy formation can readily be extended to explain the formation nanoparticle superstructures in terms of well known phase rules, thus drawing a comparison between the two ordered states.
Crop processing and early medieval settlement: the evidence for Bayvil, Pembrokeshire
Creators: name: Comeau, Rhiannon
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2021

description: Medieval Settlement Research, 36, 61-67
description: A corn-drying kiln in west Wales with 5th- to 6th-century AD dates provides the starting point for an assessment of early medieval settlement and agricultural evidence. The corn-drying kiln, a feature often associated with estate centres, was discovered during the excavation of a Late Bronze Age ringfort, and lies in an area where excavation and field survey identify a dispersed pattern of enclosed settlements, some showing traces of use contemporary with the kiln. The relationship of the kiln contents to patterns of husbandry, notably infield-outfield agriculture and spring-sown cereals, is reviewed. Indications of the area's probable focal zone status are noted, and it is suggested that, given the frequent use of corn-drying kilns for bulk-drying of processed crops for granary storage or milling, and for making malt for ale, the kiln may have been used to support food and/or drink production for large gatherings.
Cluster of MPSoCs, PyMACS as ReOS.
Creators: name: Anil Kumar Dr Bheemaiah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Reconfigurable operating system
Pymacs
Cluster
Risc soft core
Fine grain parallelism.

description: Scalable cluster of PSoCs using the PyMACS browser OS with python for FPGAs layer for a ReOS or reconfigurable OS with the RISC V ISA. We define a formal lambda definition of VHDL in a configuration cache and a real time OS for parallel clustering with both coarse grain and fine grain parallelism defined in a lambda framework implemented in python.
Supplementary Material from Modelling the viral dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants in different cell types
Creators: name: McCormack, Clare P.
name: Yan, Ada W. C.
name: Brown, Jonathan C.
name: Sukhova, Ksenia
name: Peacock, Thomas P.
name: Barclay, Wendy S.
name: Dorigatti, Ilaria
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Computational Biology
Biological Mathematics

description: Supplementary Methods and Results
Pinpointing Fast Radio Bursts in Space & in Time
Creators: name: Hessels, Jason
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In the past decade we have started to explore extragalactic and intergalactic space using millisecond-duration radio flashes called `fast radio bursts' (FRBs). These cosmological signals are surprisingly abundant: there is likely an FRB occurring somewhere on the sky at least once every minute. They are also unique probes of the otherwise invisible material between stars and galaxies. But what is producing them? Thanks to a new generation of wide-field radio telescopes, several FRBs per day are now being discovered. Novel high-time-resolution observations using radio interferometers are also pinpointing FRB locations and providing host galaxy associations. More than a decade since the discovery of the famous `Lorimer burst', we are making rapid progress in our understanding of the enigmatic FRB phenomenon. In this talk, I will briefly review the status of the field, highlighting some of the latest discoveries and what they have taught us. At the same time, recent discoveries are showing us that we have still only scratched the surface in terms of the vast parameter space we can potentially explore. Expanding our exploration for FRB-like signals to an even wider range of timescales, luminosities and event-rates will allow us to discover new types of extreme astrophysical phenomena - some of which are likely to have high-energy counterparts.
On quantum channels generated by covariant positive operator-valued measures on a locally compact group
Creators: name: Amosov, Grigori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce positive operator-valued measure (POVM) generated by the projective unitary representation of a direct product of locally compact Abelian group $G$ with its dual $\hat G$. The method is based upon the Pontryagin duality allowing to establish an isometrical isomorphism between the space of Hilbert-Schmidt operators in $L^2(G)$ and the Hilbert space $L^2(\hat G\times G)$. Any such a measure determines a pair of hybrid (containing classical and quantum parts) quantum channels consisting of the measurement channel and the channel transmitting an initial quantum state to the ensemble of quantum states on the group. It is shown that the second channel can be called a complementary channel to the measurement channel.
description: 7 pages
Probing top-philic sgluons with LHC Run I data
Creators: name: Beck, Lana
name: Blekman, Freya
name: Dobur, Didar
name: Fuks, Benjamin
name: Keaveney, James
name: Mawatari, Kentarou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many theories beyond the Standard Model predict the existence of colored scalar states, known as sgluons, lying in the adjoint representation of the QCD gauge group. In scenarios where they are top-philic, sgluons are expected to be copiously pair-produced at the LHC via strong interactions with decays into pairs of top quarks or gluons. Consequently, sgluons can be sought in multijet and multitop events at the LHC. We revisit two LHC Run I analyses in which events featuring either the same-sign dileptonic decay of a four-top-quark system or its single leptonic decay are probed. Adopting a simplified model approach, we show how this reinterpretation allows us to extract simultaneous bounds on the sgluon mass and couplings.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures; v2: some issues in Sec.3.1 clarified, version to appear in PLB
On $\ell^1$-regularization in light of Nashed's ill-posedness concept
Creators: name: Flemming, Jens
name: Hofmann, Bernd
name: Veselic, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A52, 65J20, 49J40

description: Based on the powerful tool of variational inequalities, in recent papers convergence rates results on $\ell^1$-regularization for ill-posed inverse problems have been formulated in infinite dimensional spaces under the condition that the sparsity assumption slightly fails, but the solution is still in $\ell^1$. In the present paper we improve those convergence rates results and apply them to the Cesáro operator equation in $\ell^2$ and to specific denoising problems. Moreover, we formulate in this context relationships between Nashed's types of ill-posedness and mapping properties like compactness and strict singularity.
Exclusive Radiative Decays of W and Z Bosons in QCD Factorization
Creators: name: Grossman, Yuval
name: König, Matthias
name: Neubert, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed theoretical analysis of very rare, exclusive hadronic decays of the electroweak gauge bosons V=W, Z from first principles of QCD. Our main focus is on the radiative decays V->M+gamma, in which M is a pseudoscalar or vector meson. At leading order in an expansion in powers of Lambda_{QCD}/m_V the decay amplitudes can be factorized into convolutions of calculable hard-scattering coefficients with the leading-twist light-cone distribution amplitude of the meson M. Power corrections to the decay rates arise first at order (Lambda_{QCD}/m_V)^2. They can be estimated in terms of higher-twist distribution amplitudes and are predicted to be tiny. We include one-loop O(alpha_s) radiative corrections to the hard-scattering coefficients and perform the resummation of large logarithms [alpha_s log(m_V^2/mu_0^2)]^n (with mu_0=1 GeV a typical hadronic scale) to all orders in perturbation theory. Evolution effects have an important impact both numerically and conceptually, since they reduce the sensitivity to poorly determined hadronic parameters. We present detailed numerical predictions and error estimates, which can serve as benchmarks for future precision measurements. We also present an exploratory study of the weak radiative decays Z->M+W. Some of the decay modes studied here have branching ratios large enough to be accessible in the high-luminosity run of the LHC. Many of them can be measured with high accuracy at a future lepton collider. This will provide stringent tests of the QCD factorization formalism and enable novel searches for new physics.
description: 37 pages (+ appendices and references), 9 figures and 9 tables. v2: Comparison with recent ATLAS data added, minor revisions + some references added. v3: decay constant of the phi and omega mesons updated and few typos fixed; version published in JHEP
Interaction of divergence-free deceleration parameter in Weyl-type $f(Q,T)$ gravity
Creators: name: Gadbail, Gaurav N.
name: Arora, Simran
name: Kumar, Praveen
name: Sahoo, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an extension of symmetric teleparallel gravity i.e. Weyl-type $f(Q,T)$ gravity and the divergence-free parametrization of the deceleration parameter $q(z) = q_{0}+q_{1}\frac{z(1+z)}{1+z^2}$ ($q_{0}$ and $q_{1}$ are free constants) to explore the evolution of the universe. By considering the above parametric form of $q$, we derive the Hubble solution and further impose it in the Friedmann equations of Weyl-type $f(Q, T)$ gravity. To see whether this model can challenge the $Λ$CDM limits, we computed the constraints on the model parameters using the Bayesian analysis for the Observational Hubble data ($OHD$) and the Pantheon sample ($SNe\,Ia$). Furthermore, the deceleration parameter depicts the accelerating behavior of the universe with the present value $q_0$ and the transition redshift $z_t$ (at which the expansion transits from deceleration to acceleration) with $1-σ$ and $2-σ$ confidence level. We also examine the evolution of the energy density, pressure, and effective equation of state parameters. Finally, we demonstrate that the divergence-free parametric form of the deceleration parameter is consistent with the Weyl-type $f(Q,T)$ gravity.
description: Chinese Journal of Physics published version
Warped AdS$_3$, dS$_3$ and flows from $\mathcal{N} = (0,2)$ SCFTs
Creators: name: Colgáin, Eoin Ó
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the general form of all timelike supersymmetric solutions to 3D U(1)^3 gauged supergravity, a known consistent truncation of string theory. We uncover a rich vacuum structure, including an infinite class of new timelike-warped AdS_3 (Goedel) and timelike-warped dS_3 critical points. We outline the construction of supersymmetric flows, driven by irrelevant scalar operators in the SCFT, which interpolate between critical points. For flows from AdS_3 to Goedel, the natural candidate for the central charge decreases along the flow. Flows to timelike-warped dS_3 exhibit topology change.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, v2 revised title and abstract, references added, various improvements, clarification added that only real solutions are timelike-warped AdS3; v3 reference added, expanded description, to appear in PRD
Excel Spreadsheet of magma rate calculations_Colima 2015
Creators: name: TORRES OROZCO, RAFAEL
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 370512
subject: Volcanology

description: Calculations of water diffusivity and VND-based decompression rates of Toramaru (2006; 2022) plus Fanara et al. (2013). Estimations of surface tension of Shea (2017) and Cluzel et al. (2008). Mass discharge rate of Shea (2017), volume discharge rate of Sparks (1986) and Carey and Bursik (2000). Magma ascent velocity based on Toramaru et al. (2008) and Cassidy et al. (2018). Strain rate based on Marsh (1984) and Gonnermann and Manga (2013).
title: Il pensiero dell’esperienza. Per una restituzione della realtà
Creators: name: Giardini , Federica
Publisher: name: Roma Tre-Press
Year: 2013

description: La filosofia deve subire una rinnovata investigazione dei suoi possibili contributi nell'era contemporanea. Infatti, il processo di soggettivazione non può essere considerato in base all'ordine precedente, quello che distingue tra privato e pubblico, tra etica e politica, tra scienza, tecnologia e religione. Nell'ultima decade c'è stata una generale riscoperta della dimensione materiale (o reale) della soggettività umana, da posizioni differenti. Questo testo assume il "pensiero dell'esperienza" come un punto di partenza per riconsiderare i dilemmi filosofici nella filosofia del ventesimo secolo e per affrontare le sfide contemporanee, con lo scopo di sviluppare alcuni modi di relazione pratici e discorsivi.

description: La filosofia deve subire una rinnovata investigazione dei suoi possibili contributi nell'era contemporanea. Infatti, il processo di soggettivazione non può essere considerato in base all'ordine precedente, quello che distingue tra privato e pubblico, tra etica e politica, tra scienza, tecnologia e religione. Nell'ultima decade c'è stata una generale riscoperta della dimensione materiale (o reale) della soggettività umana, da posizioni differenti. Questo testo assume il "pensiero dell'esperienza" come un punto di partenza per riconsiderare i dilemmi filosofici nella filosofia del ventesimo secolo e per affrontare le sfide contemporanee, con lo scopo di sviluppare alcuni modi di relazione pratici e discorsivi.

description: B@belonline vol. 14/15 Filosofia e pratiche filosofiche