cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Pressure-induced optical anisotropy of HfS$_2$
Creators: name: Antoniazzi, Igor
name: Woźniak, Tomasz
name: Pawbake, Amit
name: Zawadzka, Natalia
name: Grzeszczyk, Magdalena
name: Muhammad, Zahir
name: Zhao, Weisheng
name: Ibáñez, Jordi
name: Faugeras, Clement
name: Molas, Maciej R.
name: Babiński, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of pressure on Raman scattering (RS) in the bulk HfS$_2$ is investigated under hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic conditions. The RS lineshape does not change significantly in the hydrostatic regime, showing a systematic blueshift of the spectral features. In a non-hydrostatic environment, seven peaks emerge in the spectrum ($P$=7 GPa) dominating the lineshape up to $P$=10.5 GPa. The change in the RS lineshape manifests a pressure-induced phase transition in HfS$_2$. The simultaneous observation of both low-pressure (LP) and high-pressure (HP) related RS peaks suggests the corresponding coexistence of two different phases over a large pressure range. We found that the HP-related phase is metastable, persisting during the decompression cycle down to $P$=1.2 GPa with the LP-related features finally recovering at even lower pressures. The angle-resolved polarized RS (ARPRS) performed under $P$=7.4 GPa revealed a strong in-plane anisotropy of both the LP-related A$_{1g}$ mode and the HP peaks. The anisotropy is related to the possible distortion of the structure induced by the non-hydrostatic component of the pressure. We describe the obtained results by the influence of the non-hydrostatic pressure on the observed phase transition. We interpret our results in terms of a distorted $Pnma$ phase as a possible HP induced structure of HfS$_2$.
Epsilon-Greedy Thompson Sampling to Bayesian Optimization
Creators: name: Do, Bach
name: Adebiyi, Taiwo
name: Zhang, Ruda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Bayesian optimization (BO) has become a powerful tool for solving simulation-based engineering optimization problems thanks to its ability to integrate physical and mathematical understandings, consider uncertainty, and address the exploitation-exploration dilemma. Thompson sampling (TS) is a preferred solution for BO to handle the exploitation-exploration trade-off. While it prioritizes exploration by generating and minimizing random sample paths from probabilistic models -- a fundamental ingredient of BO -- TS weakly manages exploitation by gathering information about the true objective function after it obtains new observations. In this work, we improve the exploitation of TS by incorporating the $\varepsilon$-greedy policy, a well-established selection strategy in reinforcement learning. We first delineate two extremes of TS, namely the generic TS and the sample-average TS. The former promotes exploration, while the latter favors exploitation. We then adopt the $\varepsilon$-greedy policy to randomly switch between these two extremes. Small and large values of $\varepsilon$ govern exploitation and exploration, respectively. By minimizing two benchmark functions and solving an inverse problem of a steel cantilever beam, we empirically show that $\varepsilon$-greedy TS equipped with an appropriate $\varepsilon$ is more robust than its two extremes, matching or outperforming the better of the generic TS and the sample-average TS.
Mechanism of reduction of newborn metabolic acidemia following application of a rule-based 5-category color-coded fetal heart rate management framework
Creators: name: Katsuragi, Shinji
name: Kikuchi, Hitomi
name: Ikeda, Tomoaki
name: Parer, Julian T.
name: Noda, Shunichi
name: Onishi, Junji
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Medicine

description: sObjective: We have reported a 7-fold reduction in newborn umbilical arterial (UA) metabolic acidemia after adoption of a rule-based 5-category color-coded fetal heart rate (FHR) management framework. We sought evidence for the relationship being causal by detailed analysis of FHR characteristics and acid–base status before and after training.Methods: Rates of UA pH and base excess (BE) were determined over a 5-year period in a single Japanese hospital, serving mainly low-risk patients, with 3907 deliveries. We compared results in the 2 years before and after a 6-month training period in the FHR management system. We used a previously published classification schema, which was linked to management guidelines.Results: After the training period, there was an increase in the percentage of normal patterns (23%), and a decrease in variable decelerations (14%), late decelerations (8%) and prolonged decelerations (12%) in the last 60 min of labor compared to the pre-training period. There was also a significant reduction in mean UA pH and BE in the groups with decelerations after introduction of the FHR management framework.Conclusions: The adoption of this FHR management system was associated with a reduction of decelerations and metabolic acidemia, without a change in cesarean or vacuum delivery rates. These results suggest that the obstetrical providers were able to better select for intervention those patients destined to develop more severe acidemia, demonstrating a possible causal relationship between the management system and reduced decelerations and metabolic acidemia.
CrackNex: a Few-shot Low-light Crack Segmentation Model Based on Retinex Theory for UAV Inspections
Creators: name: Yao, Zhen
name: Xu, Jiawei
name: Hou, Shuhang
name: Chuah, Mooi Choo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Routine visual inspections of concrete structures are imperative for upholding the safety and integrity of critical infrastructure. Such visual inspections sometimes happen under low-light conditions, e.g., checking for bridge health. Crack segmentation under such conditions is challenging due to the poor contrast between cracks and their surroundings. However, most deep learning methods are designed for well-illuminated crack images and hence their performance drops dramatically in low-light scenes. In addition, conventional approaches require many annotated low-light crack images which is time-consuming. In this paper, we address these challenges by proposing CrackNex, a framework that utilizes reflectance information based on Retinex Theory to help the model learn a unified illumination-invariant representation. Furthermore, we utilize few-shot segmentation to solve the inefficient training data problem. In CrackNex, both a support prototype and a reflectance prototype are extracted from the support set. Then, a prototype fusion module is designed to integrate the features from both prototypes. CrackNex outperforms the SOTA methods on multiple datasets. Additionally, we present the first benchmark dataset, LCSD, for low-light crack segmentation. LCSD consists of 102 well-illuminated crack images and 41 low-light crack images. The dataset and code are available at https://github.com/zy1296/CrackNex.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) 2024
Quasiparticle effects in magnetic-field-resilient 3D transmons
Creators: name: Krause, J.
name: Marchegiani, G.
name: Janssen, L. M.
name: Catelani, G.
name: Ando, Yoichi
name: Dickel, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent research shows that quasiparticle-induced decoherence of superconducting qubits depends on the superconducting-gap asymmetry originating from the different thicknesses of the top and bottom films in Al/AlO$_x$/Al junctions. Magnetic field is a key tuning knob to investigate this dependence as it can change the superconducting gaps in situ. We present measurements of the parity-switching time of a field-resilient 3D transmon with in-plane field up to 0.41T. At low fields, small parity splitting requires qutrit pulse sequences for parity measurements. We measure a non-monotonic evolution of the parity lifetime with in-plane magnetic field, increasing up to 0.2T, followed by a decrease at higher fields. We demonstrate that the superconducting-gap asymmetry plays a crucial role in the observed behavior. At zero field, the qubit frequency is nearly resonant with the superconducting-gap difference, favoring the energy exchange with the quasiparticles and so enhancing the parity-switching rate. With a higher magnetic field, the qubit frequency decreases and gets detuned from the gap difference, causing the initial increase of the parity lifetime, while photon-assisted qubit transitions increase, producing the subsequent decrease at higher fields. Besides giving a deeper insight into the parity-switching mechanism in conventional transmon qubits, we establish that Al-AlO$_x$-Al JJs could be used in architectures for the parity-readout and manipulation of topological qubits based on Majorana zero modes.
A Feature-Oriented Approach for Web Service Customization
Creators: name: Nguyen, Tuan
name: Colman, Alan
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This paper proposes a feature-oriented approach for Web services customization that can address three key challenges: reducing complexity, automated validation and dynamic deployment. We exploit techniques from Software Product Line (SPL) domain, particularly feature modeling techniques, to design our framework. Feature modeling allows to abstract variability in consumers' requirements to simplify customization processes, while automated analysis on feature models helps to validate customizations. The use of feature models at runtime enables dynamic deployment of a business process as a result of a service customization. We propose the use of feature models as service description artifacts to facilitate service customizations. The framework builds on a Model-Driven Development (MDD) approach to automate large parts of its operation.
Cosmology with shear ratios: a joint study of weak lensing and spectroscopic redshift datasets
Creators: name: Emas, Ni
name: Blake, Chris
name: Ruggeri, Rossana
name: Porredon, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ratio of the average tangential shear signal of different weak lensing source populations around the same lens galaxies, also known as a shear ratio, provides an important test of lensing systematics and a potential source of cosmological information. In this paper we measure shear ratios in three current weak lensing surveys -- KiDS, DES, and HSC -- using overlapping data from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. We apply a Bayesian method to reduce bias in shear ratio measurement, and assess the degree to which shear ratio information improves the determination of important astrophysical parameters describing the source redshift distributions and intrinsic galaxy alignments, as well as cosmological parameters, in comparison with cosmic shear and full 3x2-pt correlations (cosmic shear, galaxy-galaxy lensing, and galaxy clustering). We consider both Fisher matrix forecasts, as well as full likelihood analyses of the data. We find that the addition of shear ratio information to cosmic shear allows the mean redshifts of the source samples and intrinsic alignment parameters to be determined significantly more accurately. Although the additional constraining power enabled by the shear ratio is less than that obtained by introducing an accurate prior in the mean source redshift using photometric redshift calibration, the shear ratio allows for a useful cross-check. The inclusion of shear ratio data consistently benefits the determination of cosmological parameters such as S_8, for which we obtain improvements up to 34%. However these improvements are less significant when shear ratio is combined with the full 3x2-pt correlations. We conclude that shear ratio tests will remain a useful source of cosmological information and cross-checks for lensing systematics, whose application will be further enhanced by upcoming datasets such as the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument.
description: 20 pages, 14 figures, 7 tables, accepted for publication by The Open Journal of Astrophysics
Quantitative phase microscopies: accuracy comparison
Creators: name: Chaumet, Patrick C.
name: Bon, Pierre
name: Maire, Guillaume
name: Sentenac, Anne
name: Baffou, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article presents a thorough comparison of themain QPM techniques, focusing on their accuracy in terms of measurement precision and trueness. We focus on 8 techniques, namely digital holographic microscopy (DHM), cross-grating wavefront microscopy (CGM), which is based on QLSI (quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry), diffraction phase microscopy (DPM), differential phase-contrast (DPC) microscopy, phase-shifting interferometry (PSI) imaging, Fourier phase microscopy (FPM), spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM), and transport-of-intensity equation (TIE) imaging. For this purpose, we used a home-made numerical toolbox based on discrete dipole approximation (IF-DDA). This toolbox is designed to compute the electromagnetic field at the sample plane of a microscope, irrespective of the object's complexity or the illumination conditions. We upgraded this toolbox to enable it to model any type of QPM, and to take into account shot noise. In a nutshell, the results show that DHM and PSI are inherently free from artefacts and rather suffer from coherent noise; In CGM, DPC, DPM and TIE, there is a trade off between precision and trueness, which can be balanced by varying one experimental parameter; FPM and SLIM suffer from inherent artefacts that cannot be discarded experimentally in most cases, making the techniques not quantitative especially for large objects covering a large part of the field of view, such as eukaryotic cells.
description: 34 pages, 16 figures
Growth of metal nanoparticles in hydrocarbon atmosphere of arc discharge
Creators: name: Musikhin, Stanislav
name: Nemchinsky, Valerian
name: Raitses, Yevgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A direct current (DC) arc discharge is a widely used method for large-scale production of metal nanoparticles, core-shell particles, and carbon nanotubes. Here, we explore the growth of iron nanoparticles in a modified DC arc discharge. Iron particles are produced by the evaporation of an anode, made from low-carbon steel. Methane admixture into argon gas serves as a carbon source. Electron microscopy and elemental analysis suggest that hydrocarbons decompose on iron clusters forming a carbon shell, which inhibits iron particle growth until its full encapsulation, at which point the iron core growth is ceased. Experimental observations are explained using an aerosol growth model. The results demonstrate the path to manipulate metal particle size in a hydrocarbon arc environment.
Five criteria for web-services security architecture
Creators: name: Addie, R. G.
name: Colman, Alan
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Five properties of an architecture for secure access to web services are defined and two existing architectures are evaluated according to these criteria. References to these criteria in the literature and evaluation of the security architectures are tabulated in the conclusion. Policy-sufficiency is defined as the requirement that any meaningful statements can be expressed in policy definitions of the architecture. Protocol neutrality is the requirement that a protocol exchange which is logically equivalent to a valid protocol sequence is also valid. Predicateboundedness is the constraint that a fixed, finite set of predicates (or language constructs) will be sufficient for security policy definitions, i.e. the language does not need to be incrementally extended indefinitely. Protocol-closure requires that security protocols can be combined together arbitrarily to make new protocols. Finally, processing complexity constrains algorithms for evaluating security rules to be of satisfactory (low) complexity. No existing security architectures recieve a tick for all five of these criteria. The RW architecture is more successful in this regard than the simpler XACML architecture.
Effect of surface coating on the biocompatibility and in vivo MRI detection of iron oxide nanoparticles after intrapulmonary administration
Creators: name: Faraj, Achraf Al
name: Abjal Pasha Shaik
name: Shaik, Asma Sultana
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Physiology
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Medicine
subject: Engineering
subject: Biochemistry

description: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have attracted special attention as novel nanoprobes capable of improving both the therapy and diagnosis of lung diseases. For safe prospective clinical applications, their biocompatibility has to be assessed after intrapulmonary administration. This study was therefore conducted to understand the biological impact of SPIONs and their further surface-functionalization with polyethylene glycol (PEG) having either negative (i.e. carboxyl) or positive (i.e. amine) terminal in a 1-month longitudinal study following acute and sub-acute exposures. Noninvasive free-breathing MR imaging protocols were first optimized to validate SPIONs detection in the lung and investigate possible subsequent systemic translocation to abdominal organs. Pulmonary Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) allowed successful in vivo detection of SPIONs in the lung using ultra-short echo time sequence. Following high-dose lung administration, MR imaging performed on abdominal organs detected transient accumulation of SPIONs in the liver. Iron quantification using Inductive coupled plasma – Mass mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) confirmed MRI readouts. Oxidative stress induction and genotoxicity were then conducted to evaluate the biocompatibility of SPIONs with their different formulations in a mouse model. A significant increase in lipid peroxidation was observed in both acute and sub-acute sets and found to regress in a time-dependent manner. PEG functionalized SPIONs revealed a lower effect with no difference between both terminal modifications. Genotoxicity assessments revealed an increase in DNA damage and gene expression of CCL-17 and IL-10 biomarkers following SPIONs administration, which was significantly higher than surface-modified nanoparticles and decreased in a time-dependent manner. However, SPIONs with carboxyl terminal showed a slightly prominent effect compared to amine modification.
Navegar vs. Bucear: dar sentido al uso de Internet
Creators: name: Martos, Fermín
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Nuevas Tecnologías
Internet
ELE

description: En anteriores ocasiones hemos escrito sobre nuevas tecnologías en diferentes medios y foros y hemos intentado llegar a vislumbrar la potencialidad de Internet en el ámbito educativo y más concretamente en el campo de la enseñanza de lenguas; hemos
 reflexionado sobre el doble aprovechamiento de las TICs en E/LE y al final hemos llegado a una conclusión: no me sirve el significado del verbo navegar aplicado a la literatura sobre nuevas tecnologías.
Absence of phonon-mediated superconductivity in La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ under pressure
Creators: name: Ouyang, Zhenfeng
name: Gao, Miao
name: Lu, Zhong-Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent experimental study announced the emergence of superconductivity in La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ under pressure, with the highest observed superconducting transition temperature ($T_c$) reaching approximately 80 K beyond 14 GPa. While extensive studies have been devoted to the electronic correlations and potential superconducting pairing mechanisms, there lack investigations into the phonon properties and electron phonon coupling. Using density functional theory in conjunction with Wannier interpolation techniques, we study the phonon properties and electron phonon interactions in La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ under 29.5 GPa. Our findings reveal that the electron phonon coupling is insufficient to solely explain the observed high superconducting $T_c$ $\sim$ 80 K in La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$. And the calculated strong Fermi surface nesting may explain the experimental observed charge density wave transition in La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$. Our calculations substantiate La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ is an unconventional superconductor.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Bitcoin versus S&P 500 Index: Return and Risk Analysis
Creators: name: Nzokem, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The S&P 500 index is considered the most popular trading instrument in financial markets. With the rise of cryptocurrencies over the past years, Bitcoin has also grown in popularity and adoption. The paper aims to analyze the daily return distribution of the Bitcoin and S&P 500 index and assess their tail probabilities through two financial risk measures. As a methodology, We use Bitcoin and S&P 500 Index daily return data to fit The seven-parameter General Tempered Stable (GTS) distribution using the advanced Fast Fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) scheme developed by combining the Fast Fractional Fourier (FRFT) algorithm and the 12-point rule Composite Newton-Cotes Quadrature. The findings show that peakedness is the main characteristic of the S&P 500 return distribution, whereas heavy-tailedness is the main characteristic of the Bitcoin return distribution. The GTS distribution shows that $80.05\%$ of S&P 500 returns are within $-1.06\%$ and $1.23\%$ against only $40.32\%$ of Bitcoin returns. At a risk level ($α$), the severity of the loss ($AVaR_α(X)$) on the left side of the distribution is larger than the severity of the profit ($AVaR_{1-α}(X)$) on the right side of the distribution. Compared to the S&P 500 index, Bitcoin has $39.73\%$ more prevalence to produce high daily returns (more than $1.23\%$ or less than $-1.06\%$). The severity analysis shows that at a risk level ($α$) the average value-at-risk ($AVaR(X)$) of the bitcoin returns at one significant figure is four times larger than that of the S&P 500 index returns at the same risk.
description: 26 page, 16 figures
Computable and noncomputable in the quantum domain: statements and conjectures
Creators: name: Fedorov, Aleksey K.
name: Kiktenko, Evgeniy O.
name: Kolachevsky, Nikolay N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Significant advances in the development of computing devices based on quantum effects and the demonstration of their use to solve various problems have rekindled interest in the nature of the "quantum computational advantage." Although various attempts to quantify and characterize the nature of the quantum computational advantage have previously been made, this question largely remains open. Indeed, there is no universal approach that allows determining the scope of problems whose solution can be accelerated by quantum computers, in theory of in practice. In this paper, we consider an approach to this question based on the concept of complexity and reachability of quantum states. On the one hand, the class of quantum states that are of interest for quantum computing must be complex, i.e., not amenable to simulation by classical computers with less than exponential resources. On the other hand, such quantum states must be reachable on a practically feasible quantum computer. This means that the unitary operation that transforms the initial quantum state into the desired one must be decomposable into a sequence of one- and two-qubit gates of a length that is at most polynomial in the number of qubits. By formulating several statements and conjectures, we discuss the question of describing a class of problems whose solution can be accelerated by a quantum computer.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure; comments are very welcome
Chemical composition and cytotoxicity of the essential oil from different parts of Datura metel L.
Creators: name: Xue, Juan
name: Yichun Sun
name: Wei, Qing
name: Changfu Wang
name: Bingyou Yang
name: Haixue Kuang
name: Qiuhong Wang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: The essential oil from different parts of Datura metel L. were extracted using hydrodistillation and GC–MS was used to analyse the essential oil. The main components of flowers were ketone (23.61%) and ethyl palmitate (15.84%). The main components of leaves were ketone (18.84%) and phytol (18.71%). Ketone (39.45%) and phytol (31.32%) were the major components of petioles. Palmitic acid (30.60%) and ethyl linoleate (21.56%) were the major components of seeds. The major ingredient of roots was palmitic acid (52.61%). The main ingredients of the stems were palmitic acid (38.38%) and ethyl linoleate (17.38%). All the different parts of essential oil were screened for cytotoxicity. The roots and stems showed the inhibitory effects against HepG-2 with IC50 levels of 613.88 and 341.12 mg/L. The leaves and roots showed the inhibitory effects against HeLa with IC50 levels of 267.76 and 348.35 mg/L. All the six parts have inhibitory effects against SGC-7901 cell lines.
title: BLM Vegetation Treatment Program
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: National Marine Fisheries Service Endangered Species Act Section 7 Conference And Biological Opinionand Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation And Management Actessential Fish Habitat Response Programmatic Conference and Biological Opinion and Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act Essential Fish Habitat Consultation on the Bureau of Land Management Vegetation Treatment Program Pursuant to Section 7(a)(2) of the Endangered Species Act
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. Office of Protected Resources
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. Office of Protected Resources
Year: 2024

description: OPR-2023-03242
Comprender Textos Escritos en Edades Preescolares. Una Revisión Narrativa de Estudios Empíricos
Creators: name: Moreno de Leon, Tomas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Education

description: El presente artículo presenta una revisión na- rrativa en la que se han identificado cuatro líneas -o focos- de investigación: 1) Relevancia textual, 2) Estra- to socioeconómico, 3) Integración multisemiótica e 4) Inferencias. Con este primer esfuerzo se contribuye al potencial desarrollo y cultivo de una línea de investi- gación tan relevante para las demandas que impone enseñar a comprender en el siglo XXI.
Spherical Particle in Nematic Liquid Crystal with a Magnetic Field and Planar Anchoring
Creators: name: Bronsard, Lia
name: Louizos, Dean
name: Stantejsky, Dominik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49J45, 35J50, 49S05, 76A15

description: We study minimizers of the Landau-de Gennes energy in $\mathbb{R}^3\setminus B_1(0)$ with external magnetic field in the large particle limit. We impose strong tangential anchoring and uniaxiality of the $Q-$tensor on the boundary. We derive a lower bound for the energy in terms of the boundary condition and show in the extreme cases of strong and weak magnetic field strength that the longitudinal director field is energy minimizing, indicating the presence of two half-point defects, so called boojums, at two opposite points of the sphere. Using a recovery sequence, we show that the energy bound is optimal in these extreme cases.
description: 33 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Journal of Nonlinear Science
Demonstration of Lossy Linear Transformations and Two-Photon Interference on a Photonic Chip
Creators: name: Wang, Kai
name: White, Simon J. U.
name: Szameit, Alexander
name: Sukhorukov, Andrey A.
name: Solntsev, Alexander S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studying quantum correlations in the presence of loss is of critical importance for the physical modeling of real quantum systems. Here, we demonstrate the control of spatial correlations between entangled photons in a photonic chip, designed and modeled using the singular value decomposition approach. We show that engineered loss, using an auxiliary waveguide, allows one to invert the spatial statistics from bunching to antibunching. Furthermore, we study the photon statistics within the loss-emulating channel and observe photon coincidences, which may provide insights into the design of quantum photonic integrated chips.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
FX Asian Option Explained
Creators: name: Yang, Alex
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: FX Asian option, FX option, FX European option, option valuation

description: Asian options are European style options where the payoff depends on the average price during at least some part of the life of the option.
description: https://ia803406.us.archive.org/6/items/fx-asian-18/FxAsian-archive.pdf
Surgeon – Therapist Communication: Do All Members See Eye-to-Eye?
Creators: name: Longstaffe, Robert
name: Shantz, Jesse Slade
name: Leiter, Jeff
name: Peeler, Jason
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Medicine

description: Background. Poor interprofessional collaboration has been shown to negatively affect patient care within many fields of medicine. Growing evidence is suggesting that improved interprofessional collaboration can positively affect patient care. Postoperative rehabilitation of many orthopedic conditions necessitates the combined efforts of surgeons, and therapists. There is a paucity of literature examining collaboration among orthopedic surgeons and therapists regarding postoperative rehabilitation. Objectives. The following study examines the perceived quality of communications between orthopedic surgeons and therapists employing an online survey. We hypothesized that collaborative practice patterns result in improved perceptions of communication. Methods. Ethics board approval was obtained. Subjects consisted of orthopedic surgeons, licensed physiotherapists and certified athletic therapists. The online survey was distributed through the Canadian Orthopaedic Association (COA), the Canadian Physiotherapy Association (CPA) and the Canadian Athletic Therapists Association (CATA). Data analysis was performed using Stata/IC 12.1 (Stata Corp, College Station, TX, USA). Descriptive statistics were calculated to determine the median responses and ranges. Median responses were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance. Qualitative analysis regarding text responses was performed by three reviewers. Results. Reponses were received from all specialties (COA 164, CPA 524, CATA 163). There were significant differences in the perceived quality of communication by quantitative and qualitative analysis (p < 0.001). Analysis of communication within practice patterns of stand-alone versus collaborative revealed improved perception of communication quality with increased contact. 65.6% of responders that practiced as stand-alone had a negative view of interprofessional communication. 48.4% of responders in a collaborative practice had a positive view of interprofessional communication. Analysis of the preferred form of communication found that orthopedic surgeons felt the most useful referral information was a pre-printed consult sheet (odds ratio [OR] = 1.56, p < 0.001), whereas therapists were more likely to rank consult notes (OR = 1.27, p < 0.042) and operative reports (OR = 1.20, p < 0.092) as a more useful form of communication. Conclusions. Collaborative practice shows improved perceptions of communication between specialties. Orthopedic surgeons perceive a higher quality of communication than therapists. Therapists and orthopedic surgeons also do not agree on the information that should be relayed between the specialties regarding postoperative rehabilitation.
The chemical properties of Milky Way and M31 globular clusters. I. A comparative study
Creators: name: Beasley, Michael A.
name: Brodie, Jean
name: Strader, Jay
name: Forbes, Duncan
name: Proctor, Robert N.
name: Barmby, Pauline
name: Huchra, John P.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: A comparative analysis is performed between high-quality integrated spectral indices of 30 M31 globular clusters, 20 Milky Way globular clusters, and a sample of field and cluster elliptical galaxies. We find that the Lick CN indices in the M31 and Galactic clusters are enhanced relative to the bulges of the Milky Way, M31, and elliptical spheroids, in agreement with Burstein and coworkers. Although not particularly evident in the Lick CN indices, the near-UV cyanogen feature (A3883) is strongly enhanced with respect to the Galactic globular clusters at metallicities -1.5 < [Fe/H] < -0.3. Carbon shows signs of varying among these two groups. For [Fe/H] > -0.8, we observe no systematic differences in the Hδ, Hγ, or Hβ indices between the M31 and Galactic globular clusters, in contrast to previous studies. The elliptical galaxy sample lies offset from the loci of the globular clusters in both the cyanogen-[MgFe] and Balmer-line-[MgFe] planes. Six of the M31 clusters appear young and are projected onto the M31 disk. Population synthesis models suggest that these are metal-rich clusters with ages 100-800 Myr, metallicities -0.20 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ 0.35, and masses 0.7-∼7.0 × 104 M⊙. Two other young clusters are Hubble V in NGC 205, observed as a template, and an older (∼3 Gyr) cluster some 7 kpc away from the plane of the disk. The six clusters projected onto the disk show signs of rotation similar to the H i gas in M31, and three clusters exhibit thin disk kinematics, according to Morrison and coworkers. Dynamical mass estimates and detailed structural parameters are required for these objects to determine whether they are massive open clusters or globular clusters. If they are the latter, our findings suggest globular clusters may trace the buildup of galaxy disks. In either case, we conclude that these clusters are part of a young, metal-rich disk cluster system in M31, possibly as young as 1 Gyr old.
Знаки и образы в искусстве каменного века. Международная конференция. Тезисы докладов [Электронный ресурс].
Creators: name: Леванова, Е.С.
Publisher: name: Институт археологии РАН
Year: 2019

description: В сборник включены тезисы докладов участников международной конференции Знаки и образы в искусстве каменного века (27-29 ноября 2019 г.). Издание рассчитано на археологов, искусствоведов, краеведов и других специалистов в области археологии каменного века, наскального и пещерного искусства, искусства малых форм от палеолита до неолита.
High-fidelity Nuclear Coherent Population Transfer via the Mixed-State Inverse Engineering
Creators: name: Wang, Ying
name: Dou, Fu-Quan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear coherent population transfer (NCPT) plays an important role in the exploration and application of atomic nuclei. How to achieve high-fidelity NCPT remains so far challenging. Here, we investigate the complete population transfer of nuclear states. We first consider a cyclic three-level system, based on the mixed-state inverse engineering scheme by adding additional laser fields in an open three-level nuclear system with spontaneous emission. We find the amplitude of the additional field is related to the ratio of the pump and Stokes field amplitudes. As long as an appropriate additional field is selected, complete transfer can be achieved even when the intensities of the pump and Stokes fields are exceedingly low. The transfer efficiency exhibits excellent robustness with respect to laser peak intensity and pulse delay. We demonstrate the effectiveness through examples such as $^{229}$Th, $^{223}$Ra, $^{113}$Cd, and $^{97}$Tc, which have a long lifetime excited state, as well as $^{187}$Re, $^{172}$Yb, $^{168}$Er and $^{154}$Gd with a short lifetime excited state. Focusing on the case without additional coupling, we further reduce the three-level system to an effective two-level problem. We modify the pump and Stokes pulses by using counterdiabatic driving to implement high-fidelity population transfer. The schemes open up new possibilities for controlling nuclear states.
description: 9 pages,7 figures
Neurological and neurocognitive functions from intrauterine methylmercury exposure
Creators: name: Yorifuji, Takashi
name: Kado, Yoko
name: Midory Higa Diez
name: Kishikawa, Toshihiro
name: Sanada, Satoshi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: In the 1950s, large-scale food poisoning caused by methylmercury was identified in Minamata, Japan. Although severe intrauterine exposure cases (ie, congenital Minamata disease patients) are well known, possible impacts of methylmercury exposure in utero among residents, which is likely at lower levels than in congenital Minamata disease patients, are rarely explored. In 2014, the authors examined neurological and neurocognitive functions among 18 exposed participants in Minamata, focusing on fine motor, visuospatial construction, and executive functions. More than half of the participants had some fine motor and coordination difficulties. In addition, several participants had lower performance for neurocognitive function tests (the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test and Keio version of the Wisconsin card sorting test). These deficits imply diffuse brain damage. This study suggests possible neurological and neurocognitive impacts of prenatal exposure to methylmercury among exposed residents of Minamata.
Efficient Large-Scale Many-Body Quantum Dynamics via Local-Information Time Evolution
Creators: name: Artiaco, Claudia
name: Fleckenstein, Christoph
name: Chávez, David Aceituno
name: Kvorning, Thomas Klein
name: Bardarson, Jens H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During time evolution of many-body systems entanglement grows rapidly, limiting exact simulations to small-scale systems or small timescales. Quantum information tends however to flow towards larger scales without returning to local scales, such that its detailed large-scale structure does not directly affect local observables. This allows for the removal of large-scale quantum information in a way that preserves all local observables and gives access to large-scale and large-time quantum dynamics. To this end, we use the recently introduced information lattice to organize quantum information into different scales, allowing us to define local information and information currents which we employ to systematically discard long-range quantum correlations in a controlled way. Our approach relies on decomposing the system into subsystems up to a maximum scale and time evolving the subsystem density matrices by solving the subsystem von Neumann equations in parallel. Importantly, the information flow needs to be preserved during the discarding of large-scale information. To achieve this without the need to make assumptions about the microscopic details of the information current, we introduce a second scale at which information is discarded while using the state at the maximum scale to accurately obtain the information flow. The resulting algorithm, which we call local information time evolution (LITE), is highly versatile and suitable for investigating many-body quantum dynamics in both closed and open quantum systems with diverse hydrodynamic behaviors. We present results for energy transport in the mixed-field Ising model and magnetization transport in an open XX spin chain where we accurately determine the diffusion coefficients. The information lattice framework employed here promises to offer insightful results about the spatial and temporal behavior of entanglement in many-body systems.
description: 29 pages, 17 figures
Nate Olson, PhD on advances in Genome sequencing
Creators: name: Olson, Nathan
name: Seifert, Megan
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2022

description: In this Lunch with a Scientist episode, we discuss Genome Sequencing and Bioinformatics with National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) biologist Nate Olson, Ph.D.
Establishing Criteria for the Transition from Kinetic to Fluid Modeling in Hollow Cathode Analysis
Creators: name: Villafana, Willca
name: Powis, Andrew T.
name: Sharma, Sarveshwar
name: Kaganovich, Igor D.
name: Khrabrov, Alexander V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we conduct 2D3V Particle-In-Cell simulations of hollow cathodes, encompassing both the channel and plume region, with an emphasis on plasma switch applications. The plasma in the hollow cathode channel can exhibit kinetic effects depending on how fast electrons emitted from the insert are thermalized via Coulomb collisions. The criterion that determines whether the plasma operates in a Duid or kinetic regime is given as follows. When Coulomb collisions occur at a much greater rate than ionization or excitation events, the Electron Energy Distribution Function relaxes to aMaxwellian distribution and the plasmawithin the channel can be describedwith aDuidmodel. In contrast, if inelastic processes are much faster, then the Electron Energy Distribution Function in the channel exhibits a notable high-energy tail, and a kinetic treatment is required. This criterion is applied to other kinds of hollow cathodes from the literature, revealing that a Duid approach is suitable for most electric propulsion applications, whereas a kinetic treatment might be necessary for plasma switches. Additionally, amomentumbalance reveals that a diffusion equation is sufAcient to predict the plasma plume expansion, a crucial input in the design of hollow cathodes for plasma switch applications.
Neurological and Neurocognitive Functions from Intrauterine Methylmercury Exposure
Creators: name: Yorifuji, Takashi
name: Kado, Yoko
name: Midory Higa Diez
name: Kishikawa, Toshihiro
name: Sanada, Satoshi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biochemistry

description: In the 1950s, large-scale food poisoning caused by methylmercury was identified in Minamata, Japan. Although severe intrauterine exposure cases (i.e., congenital Minamata disease patients) are well known, possible impacts of methylmercury exposure in utero among residents, which is likely lower levels than in congenital Minamata disease patients, are rarely explored. In 2014, we examined neurological and neurocognitive functions among 18 exposed participants in Minamata, focusing on fine motor, visuospatial construction, and executive functions. More than half of the participants had some fine motor and coordination difficulties. In addition, several participants had lower performance for neurocognitive function tests (the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test and Keio version of the Wisconsin card sorting test). These deficits imply diffuse brain damage. This study suggests possible neurological and neurocognitive impacts of prenatal exposure to methylmercury among exposed residents of Minamata.
FX Forward ContractExplained
Creators: name: Yang, Alex
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: FX forward, currency forward, FX forward rate, FX forward valuation

description: An FX forward is an obligation to exchange a particular amount of one currency for a certain amount of another currency at a specified future time.
description: https://ia903403.us.archive.org/16/items/fx-forward-19/FxForward-archive.pdf
Classifying binary black holes from Population III stars with the Einstein Telescope: A machine-learning approach
Creators: name: Santoliquido, Filippo
name: Dupletsa, Ulyana
name: Tissino, Jacopo
name: Branchesi, Marica
name: Iacovelli, Francesco
name: Iorio, Giuliano
name: Mapelli, Michela
name: Gerosa, Davide
name: Harms, Jan
name: Pasquato, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Third-generation (3G) gravitational-wave detectors such as the Einstein Telescope (ET) will observe binary black hole (BBH) mergers at redshifts up to $z\sim 100$. However, an unequivocal determination of the origin of high-redshift sources will remain uncertain because of the low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and poor estimate of their luminosity distance. This study proposes a machine-learning approach to infer the origins of high-redshift BBHs. We specifically differentiate those arising from Population III (Pop. III) stars, which probably are the first progenitors of star-born BBH mergers in the Universe, and those originated from Population I-II (Pop. I-II) stars. We considered a wide range of models that encompass the current uncertainties on Pop. III BBH mergers. We then estimated the parameter errors of the detected sources with ET using the Fisher information-matrix formalism, followed by a classification using XGBoost, which is a machine-learning algorithm based on decision trees. For a set of mock observed BBHs, we provide the probability that they belong to the Pop. III class while considering the parameter errors of each source. In our fiducial model, we accurately identify $\gtrsim 10\%$ of the detected BBHs that originate from Pop. III stars with a precision $>90\%$. Our study demonstrates that machine-learning enables us to achieve some pivotal aspects of the ET science case by exploring the origin of individual high-redshift GW observations. We set the basis for further studies, which will integrate additional simulated populations and account for further uncertainties in the population modeling.
description: Published in Astronomy & Astrophysics. 15 pages, 9 Figures and 6 tables. Comments are welcome