cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Spatially Explicit Watershed Scale Optimization of Cellulosic Biofuels Production
Creators: name: Song, Jingyu
name: Gramig, Benjamin M.
name: Song, Jingyu
name: Gramig, Benjamin M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: cellulosic biofuels
subject: spatially explicit optimization
subject: genetic algorithm
subject: watershed
subject: water pollution
subject: SWAT

description: As environmental deterioration and global warming arouses more and more attention, identifying cleaner and more environmentally friendly energy sources is of interest to society. In addition to environmental concerns, both the high price of gasoline and the fact that the United States has heavy reliance on imports of energy have driven policymakers to find alternative energy sources. Producing biofuels from energy crops is one such alternative with relatively lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional energy sources. Cellulosic feedstocks such as corn stover, perennial grasses and fast growing trees are regarded as promising energy crops and are expected to help with the energy supply. This study takes a spatially explicit approach to examine fields within a watershed and explores the conditions under which the agricultural land in the watershed can meet the demand of a biorefinery. Costs of two dedicated energy crops, switchgrass and miscanthus, are compared with corn stover. A Matlab program is developed based on a genetic algorithm to minimize production cost subject to biomass production and pollution constraints in the Wildcat Creek Watershed in Indiana, USA. The process of using a genetic algorithm to solve high dimensionality mixed integer optimization problems is discussed. Results indicate that to achieve the required amount of biomass production for a minimum feasible scale thermochemical biorefinery within the watershed, miscanthus must be planted. Miscanthus also helps reduce pollutant levels (total sediment, N and P loadings) when compared to stover removal from continuous corn and corn-soybean rotations. Switchgrass is found to have similar environmental advantages, but is not economically competitive based on preliminary results that require further validation. Corn stover is the lowest cost feedstock considered, however, it results in relatively higher sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus loading than the perennial grasses considered. Relative to the baseline without stover removal, no-till in combination with stover removal results in decreased sediment loading, an increased loading of nitrogen under continuous corn and an increase in phosphorus (except at the 50% removal rate from continuous corn). There is clear tradeoff among cost, production and environmental improvement.
Testing Color Evaporation in Photon-Photon Production of J/Psi at CERN LEP II
Creators: name: Eboli, O. J. P.
name: Gregores, E. M.
name: Mizukoshi, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The DELPHI Collaboration has recently reported the measurement of J/Psi production in photon-photon collisions at LEP II. These newly available data provide an additional proof of the importance of colored c bar{c} pairs for the production of charmonium because these data can only be explained by considering resolved photon processes. We show here that the inclusion of color octet contributions to the J/Psi production in the framework of the color evaporation model is able to reproduce this data. In particular, the transverse-momentum distribution of the J/Psi mesons is well described by this model.
description: 10 pages, 5 Figures, Revtex4
Additional file of Development of amoebic liver abscess in early pregnancy years after initial amoebic exposure: a case report
Creators: name: Kaiser, Rainer W. J.
name: Allgeier, Julian
name: Philipp, Alexander B.
name: Mayerle, Julia
name: Rothe, Camilla
name: Wallrauch, Claudia
name: Winkel, Mark Op Den
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file of Development of amoebic liver abscess in early pregnancy years after initial amoebic exposure: a case report
On the thinnest steady threads obtained by gravitational stretching of capillary jets
Creators: name: Rubio-Rubio, Mariano
name: Sevilla, Alejandro
name: Gordillo, José Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments and global linear stability analysis are used to obtain the critical flow rate below which the highly stretched capillary jet generated when a Newtonian liquid issues from a vertically oriented tube, is no longer steady. The theoretical description, based on the one-dimensional mass and momentum equations retaining the exact expression of the interfacial curvature, accurately predicts the onset of jet self-excited oscillations experimentally observed for wide ranges of liquid viscosity and nozzle diameter. Our analysis, which extends the work by Sauter & Buggisch (2005), reveals the essential stabilizing role played by the axial curvature of the jet, being the latter effect especially relevant for injectors with a large enough diameter. Our findings allow us to conclude that, surprisingly, the size of the steady threads produced at a given distance from the exit can be reduced by increasing the nozzle diameter.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Detection of strongly processed ice in the central starburst of NGC4945
Creators: name: Spoon, H. W. W.
name: Moorwood, A. F. M.
name: Pontoppidan, K. M.
name: Cami, J.
name: Kregel, M.
name: Lutz, D.
name: Tielens, A. G. G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The composition of ice grains provides an important tool for the study of the molecular environment of star forming regions. Using ISAAC at the VLT to obtain spectra around 4.65 microns we have detected for the first time `XCN' and CO ice in an extragalactic environment: the nuclear region of the nearby dusty starburst/AGN galaxy NGC4945. The profile of the solid CO band reveals the importance of thermal processing of the ice while the prominence of the XCN band attests to the importance of energetic processing of the ice by FUV radiation and/or energetic particles. In analogy to the processing of ices by embedded protostars in our Galaxy, we attribute the processing of the ices in the center of NGC4945 to ongoing massive star formation. Our M-band spectrum also shows strong HI Pfund-beta and H2 0-0 S(9) line emission and gas phase CO absorption lines. The HI, H2, PAH, gas phase CO and the ices seem to be embedded in a rotating molecular disk which is undergoing vigorous star formation. Recently, strong OCN- absorption has been detected in the spectrum of the Galactic center star GC:IRS19. The most likely environment for the OCN- absorption is the strongly UV-exposed GC molecular ring. The presence of processed ice in the center of NGC4945 and our Galactic center leads us to believe that processed ice may be a common characteristic of dense molecular material in star forming galactic nuclei.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Also available at this http://www.astro.rug.nl/~spoon/publications.html
Additional file 4 of The role of FOLFIRINOX in metastatic pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Zhang, Beilei
name: Zhou, Fengyan
name: Hong, Jiaze
name: Ng, Derry Minyao
name: Yang, Tong
name: Zhou, Xinyu
name: Jin, Jieyin
name: Zhou, Feifei
name: Chen, Ping
name: Xu, Yunbao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 4: Supplementary Table 1. Characteristics of included clinical trials in the meta-analysis.
MOESM14 of Microbial genomes from non-human primate gut metagenomes expand the primate-associated bacterial tree of life with over 1000 novel species
Creators: name: Manara, Serena
name: Asnicar, Francesco
name: Beghini, Francesco
name: Bazzani, Davide
name: Cumbo, Fabio
name: Zolfo, Moreno
name: Nigro, Eleonora
name: Karcher, Nicolai
name: Manghi, Paolo
name: Metzger, Marisa
name: Pasolli, Edoardo
name: Segata, Nicola
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 14: Review history.
Alpha and beta cortical activity during guitar playing: task complexity and audiovisual stimulus analysis
Creators: name: Leite, José Artur Aragão
name: Santos, Mateus Antônio Cândido Dos
name: Da Silva, Rafael Mariano Camilo
name: De Oliveira Andrade, Adriano
name: Da Silva, Gustavo Moreira
name: Bazan, Rodrigo
name: De Souza, Luciane Aparecida Pascucci Sande
name: Luvizutto, Gustavo José
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Some studies have explored the relationship between music and cortical activities; however, there are just few studies investigating guitar performance associated with different sensory stimuli. Our aim was to evaluate alpha and beta activity during guitar playing. Twenty healthy right-handed people participated in this study. Cortical activity was measured by electroencephalogram (EEG) during rest and 4 tasks (1: easy music with an auditory stimulus; 2: easy music with an audiovisual stimulus; 3: complex music with an auditory stimulus; 4: complex music with an audiovisual stimulus). The peak frequency (PF), median frequency (MF) and root mean square (RMS) of alpha and beta EEG signals were assessed. A higher alpha PF at the T3-P3 was observed, and this difference was higher between rest and task 3, rest and task 4, tasks 1 and 3, and tasks 1 and 4. For beta waves, a higher PF was observed at C4-P4 and a higher RMS at C3-C4 and O1-O2. At C4-P4, differences between rest and tasks 2 and 4 were observed. The RMS of beta waves at C3-C4 presented differences between rest and task 3 and at O1-O2 between rest and task 2 and 4. The action observation of audiovisual stimuli while playing guitar can increase beta wave activity in the somatosensory and motor cortexes; and increase in the alpha activity in the somatosensory and auditory cortexes and increase in the beta activity in the bilateral visual cortexes during complex music execution, regardless of the stimulus type received. Abbreviations: bpm: beats per minute; C: central; EEG: electroencephalogram; F: frontal; Hz: hertz; LABCOM: Laboratory of Motor Control and Biomechanics; MD: mean difference; MF: median frequency; O: occipital; P: parietal; PF: peak frequency; R: rest; RMS: root mean square; T: temporal; T1: task 1; T2: task 2; T3: task 3; T4: task 4; UFTM: Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro
Energy partition in two M-class circular-ribbon flares
Creators: name: Zhang, Q. M.
name: Cheng, J. X.
name: Feng, L.
name: Su, Y.
name: Lu, L.
name: Huang, Y.
name: Li, D.
name: Zhou, T. H.
name: Chen, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the energy partition of two homologous M1.1 circular-ribbon flares (CRFs) in active region (AR) 12434. They were observed by \textit{SDO}, \textit{GOES}, and \textit{RHESSI} on 2015 October 15 and 16, respectively. The peak thermal energy, nonthermal energy of flare-accelerated electrons, total radiative loss of hot plasma, and radiant energies in 1$-$8 Å and 1$-$70 Å of the flares are calculated. The two flares have similar energetics. The peak thermal energies are (1.94$\pm$0.13)$\times$10$^{30}$ erg. The nonthermal energies in flare-accelerated electrons are (3.9$\pm$0.7)$\times$10$^{30}$ erg. The radiative outputs of the flare loops in 1$-$70 Å, which are $\sim$200 times greater than the outputs in 1$-$8 Å, account for $\sim$62.5\% of the peak thermal energies. The radiative losses of SXR-emitting plasma are one order of magnitude lower than the peak thermal energies. Therefore, the total heating requirements of flare loops including radiative loss are (2.1$\pm$0.1)$\times$10$^{30}$ erg, which could sufficiently be supplied by nonthermal electrons.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, accepted by ApJ
High-Precision Photometry of the Gamma-Ray Burst 020813: The Smoothest Afterglow Yet
Creators: name: Laursen, L. T.
name: Stanek, K. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results of our precise reduction of the high signal-to-noise VRI observations of the optical afterglow of the gamma-ray burst GRB 020813 obtained by Gladders & Hall with the Magellan 6.5-m telescope 3.9-4.9 hours after the burst. These observations are very well fitted locally by a power-law curve, providing the tightest constraints yet on how smooth the afterglows can be in some cases: the rms deviations range from 0.005 mag (0.5%) for the R-band to 0.007 mag for the I-band, only marginally larger than the rms scatter for nearby non-variable stars. This scatter is a factor of several smaller then the smallest reported rms of 0.02 mag for GRB 990510 (Stanek et al). These observations are in strong contrast to those of afterglows of GRB 011211 and GRB 021004, for which large > 10% variability has been observed on timescales from ~20 minutes to several hours. If interstellar medium (ISM) density fluctuations near the GRB are indeed causing the bumps and wiggles observed in some bursts, very uniform regions of ISM near some bursts must be present as well. This result also constrains the intrinsic smoothness of the afterglow itself.
description: 6 pages (1 figure, 1 table); ApJ Letters, in press
A GIS Approach to Measuring Economic Costs of Integrated Pest Management Tools in Rice Processing Facilities
Creators: name: Niu, Li
name: Adam, Brian D.
name: Arthur, Frank
name: Campbell, James
name: Niu, Li
name: Adam, Brian D.
name: Arthur, Frank
name: Campbell, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: insect control
subject: integrated pest management
subject: rice processing facilities
subject: conventional fumigation

description: Methyl bromide is a commonly used fumigant for controlling insects in food processing facilities. However, it has been designated as an ozone depleter and is becoming less available and more costly. Integrated pest management (IPM) is an alternative, and may additionally reduce insecticide resistance, improve worker safety, and reduce environmental concerns and consumer concerns about pesticide residuals. However, little is known about the costs and efficacy of IPM in food processing facilities. Here, we consider several IPM approaches and measure both the treatment costs as well as the costs of failing to control insects for each approach. The results will provide managers economic information to choose a better insect control method in their goal of producing wholesome, pest-free and profitable products.
MOESM5 of Effectiveness of physical therapy treatment in addition to usual podiatry management of plantar heel pain: a randomized clinical trial
Creators: name: McClinton, Shane
name: Heiderscheit, Bryan
name: McPoil, Thomas
name: Flynn, Timothy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 5. Treatment success outcomes at each assessment for the intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses. Bar graphs of the percentage of patients that reported treatment success based on the GRC.
Pseudo Panel Data Estimation Technique and Rational Addiction Model: An Analysis of Tobacco, Alcohol and Coffee Demands
Creators: name: Koksal, Aycan
name: Wohlgenant, Michael
name: Koksal, Aycan
name: Wohlgenant, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: cigarette
subject: alcohol
subject: coffee
subject: rational addiction
subject: pseudo panel

description: In this paper, we generalize the rational addiction model to include three addictive goods: cigarettes, alcohol and coffee. We use a pseudo-panel data approach which has many advantages compared to aggregate and panel data. While cigarette and coffee demands fit well with the rational addiction model, alcohol demand does not. This result might be due to possible inventory effects. Our results suggest that although cigarettes and alcohol reinforce each other in consumption, consumers substitute them when there are permanent changes in relative prices. In the semi-reduced system, the cross-price elasticity of coffee demand with respect to cigarette price is positive and significant. Long-run cross-price elasticities derived from the semi-reduced system and the Morishima elasticities show that when relative prices increase, consumers substitute addictive goods with other addictive goods. This is likely due to compensation and income effects. When there is a permanent increase in relative prices, addicts cut the consumption of a harmful addictive substance, and substitute it with another addictive substance to compensate for the resulting stress. Moreover, when the consumption of an addictive substance decreases after a price increase, relative consumption of other substances increase due to the positive income effect.
Euxenus LeConte 1876
Creators: name: Janicki, Julia
name: Young, Daniel K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Anthribidae
Euxenus

description: Genus Euxenus LeConte
 Euxenus LeConte 1876: 409.
 Holostilpna Jordan 1907: 382.
 Type species. Euxenus punctatus LeConte, 1876, by monotypy.
 Generic diagnosis. Euxenus can be easily recognized by the presence of two carinae on each lateral pronotal margin, very small size, glabrous, shining body, and by the retractile head.
description: Published as part of Janicki, Julia & Young, Daniel K., 2017, Nemonychidae and Anthribidae of Wisconsin (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea), pp. 1-36 in Insecta Mundi 2017 (579) on page 8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169237
The Value of Genetic Information in a Whole-Chain Traceability System for Beef
Creators: name: Seyoum, Bruk Tefera
name: Adam, Brian D.
name: Ge, Candi
name: Seyoum, Bruk Tefera
name: Adam, Brian D.
name: Ge, Candi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: An animal traceability system can help control disease, improve food safety, improve production practices and provide enhanced marketing opportunities. However, attempts to establish a beef traceability system in the U.S. has faced resistance from many beef producers. Some of the reasons for resistance were cost, lack of confidentiality, and lack of accuracy of the system. Moreover, those who incurred the costs would not necessarily have received the benefits of such a system. This study evaluates the costs of a whole chain traceability system and compares them to the benefits of a traceability system in improving feed efficiency of cattle. We determine the cost saving from purchasing a higher proportion of high-­‐efficiency cattle using the information available in the whole chain traceability system. We also determine the benefits that should be shared among cow/calf, stocker and feedlot operators to motivate them to adopt such a system. Results show that while cow/calf producers would bear most of the cost of a traceability system, they would also receive the least benefits. To make participation in a traceability system profitable for cow-­‐calf producers, the results indicate that $20 per head additional income should be transferred to the cow/calf and stocker producers. This additional income transfer will cover the costs of whole chain traceability system and also provide additional profit that will motivate the cow/calf and stocker producers to participate in such a system. The feedlot also gains a net cost saving of $19 per head after transferring the additional income and paying its own traceability cost. Thus, by reducing feeding cost, a whole chain traceability system that provides information about the feeding efficiency of cattle can provide additional profit to the cow/calf, stocker and feedlot operators even after covering the costs of implementing the traceability system.
Interdependence of Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption: A Natural Experiment Approach
Creators: name: Koksal, Aycan
name: Wohlgenant, Michael
name: Koksal, Aycan
name: Wohlgenant, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: cigarette
subject: alcohol
subject: smoking ban
subject: rational addiction
subject: pseudo panel

description: In this paper, we analyze the impact of smoking bans on restaurant and at-home alcohol consumption using rational addiction model. We use a pseudo-panel data approach which has many advantages compared to aggregate and panel data. While cigarette and restaurant alcohol consumptions fit well with the rational addiction model, at-home-alcohol consumption does not. This result might be due to possible inventory effects. Our results suggests that although cigarettes and alcohol reinforce each other in consumption, consumers substitute them when there are permanent changes in prices. In the semi-reduced system, the cross-price elasticity of restaurant(at-home) alcohol demand with respect to cigarette price is positive and significant. We find that smoking bans increase restaurant alcohol consumption, but decrease at-home alcohol consumption. After a smoking ban is imposed, nonsmokers are likely to stay longer at restaurants and consume more alcohol. On the other hand, when smokers are not allowed to smoke at the restaurants, they are likely to compensate it by increasing their restaurant alcohol consumption. As smoking bans builds on social drinking habits, we observe a decrease at at-home alcohol consumption. On the other hand, when blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits decrease, both alcohol and cigarette consumptions decrease.
Additional file 2 of Nature of dispensing errors in selected hospitals providing free healthcare: a multi-center study in Sri Lanka
Creators: name: R. A. N. Dilsha
name: H. M. I. P. Kularathne
name: M. T. M. Mujammil
name: S. M. M. Irshad
name: Samaranayake, N. R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 2: Important supplementary table with results was with document named as Supplementary Table 2: Prevalence of labeling errors clinic and hospital wise.
A Very Fast Ramping Muon Synchrotron for a Neutrino Factory
Creators: name: Summers, D. J.
name: Berg, J. S.
name: Palmer, R. B.
name: Garren, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A 4600 Hz fast ramping synchrotron is studied as an economical way of accelerating muons from 4 to 20 GeV/c for a neutrino factory. Eddy current losses are minimized by the low machine duty cycle plus thin grain oriented silicon steel laminations and thin copper wires. Combined function magnets with high gradients alternating within single magnets form the lattice. Muon survival is 83%.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure, LaTex, PAC 2003 Particle Accelerator Conference, Portland
Exhaustion disorder and altered brain activity in frontal cortex detected with fNIRS
Creators: name: Skau, Simon
name: Jonsdottir, Ingibjörg H.
name: Dahlman, Anna Sjörs
name: Johansson, Birgitta
name: H. Georg Kuhn
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Patients with stress-related Exhaustion Disorder (ED) have problems with memory and executive function. These problems have been associated with deviant activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC). We investigated cognitive performance and functional activity in the PFC during prolonged mental activity in patients with ED (n = 20, 16 women) with a mean duration since diagnosis of 46 ± 23 months in comparison to healthy individuals (n = 20, 12 women). A block of six neuropsychological tests was performed in a sequence that was repeated once. The brain imaging technique, functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used for all tests. There were no differences between the groups in terms of changes over time, i.e. difference between first and second test block. In the Stroop–Simon test, the controls showedhigher functional activity in the frontal cortex. In the left ventrolateral PFC, we observed an increased activity in controls in the incongruent compared to the congruent trials, whereas no changes were detected in the ED patient group. During processing speed tasks, only ED patients showed higher functional activity in right dorsolateral PFC. The ED patients reported lower subjective energy level and they also performed less well on a mental control task compared to healthy individuals. In conclusion, ED patients showed altered functional activity compared to controls, indicating that ED patients process information differently in the prefrontal cortex, but the functional activity did not change during the 2½ hr procedure, as revealed by the test-retest design. Lay summary In this paper we show that patient with exhaustion disorder have a reduced functional activity in the prefrontal cortex. This functional activity was not affected by 2.5 hours mental activity.
Bond Market Completeness and Attainable Contingent Claims
Creators: name: Taflin, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 91B28, 49J55, 60H07, 90C46, 46E35

description: A general class, introduced in [Ekeland et al. 2003], of continuous time bond markets driven by a standard cylindrical Brownian motion $\wienerq{}{}$ in $\ell^{2},$ is considered. We prove that there always exist non-hedgeable random variables in the space $\derprod{}{0}=\cap_{p \geq 1}L^{p}$ and that $\derprod{}{0}$ has a dense subset of attainable elements, if the volatility operator is non-degenerated a.e. Such results were proved in [Björk et al. 1997] in the case of a bond market driven by finite dimensional B.m. and marked point processes. We define certain smaller spaces $\derprod{}{s},$ $s>0$ of European contingent claims, by requiring that the integrand in the martingale representation, with respect to $\wienerq{}{}$, takes values in weighted $\ell^{2}$ spaces $\ell^{s,2},$ with a power weight of degree $s.$ For all $s > 0,$ the space $\derprod{}{s}$ is dense in $\derprod{}{0}$ and is independent of the particular bond price and volatility operator processes. A simple condition in terms of $\ell^{s,2}$ norms is given on the volatility operator processes, which implies if satisfied, that every element in $\derprod{}{s}$ is attainable. In this context a related problem of optimal portfolios of zero coupon bonds is solved for general utility functions and volatility operator processes, provided that the $\ell^{2}$-valued market price of risk process has certain Malliavin differentiability properties.
description: 27 pages, Revised version to be published in Finance and Stochastics
A Comparative Analysis of Canadian Consumers’ WTP for Novel Food Technologies (Case of Juice Produced by Nanotechnology & Pork Chops Using Genomic Information)
Creators: name: Matin, Anahita Hosseini
name: Goddard, Ellen
name: Matin, Anahita Hosseini
name: Goddard, Ellen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Since novel food technologies (such as nanotechnology, cloning, genomics, etc.) are still in their infancy, communication will be very important in the development of these new technologies to address consumer perceptions and hence market acceptance of these innovations in the agri-food industry. Understanding consumer preferences is key to ensuring that the use of new technologies optimizes use of resources and societal welfare. Two national online surveys (in 2010 for nanotechnology and in 2012 for genomic information) were conducted across Canada to elicit Canadian consumers’ WTP for juice produced by nanotechnology or pork chops that are produced from pigs bred using genomic information. Canadian consumers’ WTP (i.e. whether or not they are willing to buy the products at a price over the price of goods produced without the use of the technologies), and the effects of demographic characteristics, Canadian consumers’ attitudes on their purchase intentions about products created using these novel technologies, were examined. The preliminary analysis shows that the majority of Canadians have little knowledge about use of genomic information or nanotechnology, and hence are not willing to pay a premium for these novel technologies applied to their food.
Additional file 1 of Nature of dispensing errors in selected hospitals providing free healthcare: a multi-center study in Sri Lanka
Creators: name: R. A. N. Dilsha
name: H. M. I. P. Kularathne
name: M. T. M. Mujammil
name: S. M. M. Irshad
name: Samaranayake, N. R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1: Important supplementary table with results was with document named as Supplementary Table 1: In-house definition of dispensing errors.
MOESM4 of Effectiveness of physical therapy treatment in addition to usual podiatry management of plantar heel pain: a randomized clinical trial
Creators: name: McClinton, Shane
name: Heiderscheit, Bryan
name: McPoil, Thomas
name: Flynn, Timothy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4. Percentage of participants that reported changes equal to or greater than the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of two points for the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) for the intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses. Bar graphs of the percentage of patients that reported changes in NPRS that exceeded the MCID.
A complementary method for automated detection of microaneurysms in fluorescein angiography fundus images to assess diabetic retinopathy
Creators: name: Tavakoli, Meysam
name: Shahri, Reza Pourreza
name: Pourreza, Hamidreza
name: Mehdizadeh, Alireza
name: Banaee, Touka
name: Toosi, Mohammad Hosein Bahreini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Early detection of microaneurysms (MAs), the first sign of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), is an essential first step in automated detection of DR to prevent vision loss and blindness. This study presents a novel and different algorithm for automatic detection of MAs in fluorescein angiography (FA) fundus images, based on Radon transform (RT) and multi-overlapping windows. This project addresses a novel method, in detection of retinal land marks and lesions to diagnose the DR. At the first step, optic nerve head (ONH) was detected and masked. In preprocessing stage, top-hat transformation and averaging filter were applied to remove the background. In main processing section, firstly, we divided the whole preprocessed image into sub-images and then segmented and masked the vascular tree by applying RT in each sub-image. After detecting and masking retinal vessels and ONH, MAs were detected and numbered by using RT and appropriated thresholding. The results of the proposed method were evaluated reported on three different retinal images databases, the Mashhad Database with 120 FA fundus images, Second Local Database from Tehran with 50 FA retinal images and a part of Retinopathy Online Challenge (ROC) database with 22 images. Automated DR detection demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 94% and 75% for Mashhad database and 100% and 70% for the Second Local Database respectively.
description: 2740-2753
An Analysis of Farmers' Insurance Choices and Federal Crop Insurance Subsidies
Creators: name: Feng, Hongli
name: Du, Xiaodong
name: Hennessy, David A.
name: Feng, Hongli
name: Du, Xiaodong
name: Hennessy, David A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: actuarial fairness
subject: agricultural policy
subject: coverage level
subject: federal crop insurance
subject: premium subsidy

description: The U.S. crop insurance has two distinct features that set itself apart from insurance in other areas: (i) it is explicitly subsidized with an average premium subsidy rate of about 60 percent in recent years; and (ii) the law requires the premium rate be set at actuarially fair level with the federal government paying the administrative and operational costs related to the sale and service of insurance policies. Bearing in mind these features, we examine to what extent farmers’ crop insurance choices conform to economic theory and estimate the implications of changes in premium subsidy structure. A standard expected utility maximization framework is set up to analyze the trade-offs between higher risk protection and larger subsidy payment. We show that, given actuarially fair premium, a rational farmer will choose the coverage level with the highest premium subsidy or a higher coverage level. With a large insurance unit level data, we fail to find empirical support for this theoretical results, which suggest a possible “anomaly” in insurance decisions. Estimation through mixed logit models reveals that out-of-pocket premium has a negative impact on the probability of an insurance product being chosen.
Additional file of Nature of dispensing errors in selected hospitals providing free healthcare: a multi-center study in Sri Lanka
Creators: name: R. A. N. Dilsha
name: H. M. I. P. Kularathne
name: M. T. M. Mujammil
name: S. M. M. Irshad
name: Samaranayake, N. R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file of Nature of dispensing errors in selected hospitals providing free healthcare: a multi-center study in Sri Lanka
Spatio-Temporal Modeling of Lightning Fires on Forestland: A Compensation Scheme
Creators: name: Chen, Xuan
name: Goodwin, Barry K.
name: Chen, Xuan
name: Goodwin, Barry K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: lightning fire
subject: index insurance
subject: spatio-temporal correlation

description: In the US forestry industry, wildfire has always been one of the leading causes of damage. This topic is of growing interest as wildfire has caused huge losses in recent years. Among all causes, lightning has always been the leading hazard. Unlike human related wildfires for which timber owners may be able to trace the responsible persons to claim losses, forestland owners essentially have no means to recover their losses against lightning-induced wildfire. In light of the fact that there are very few risk management instruments available to compensate timber losses. Following this line of inquiry, our paper studies risks of lightning induced wildfire, conditioning on crucial informational variables, across both spatial units and time periods. A non-parametric bootstrapping method is used to quantify the risks. Some relevant observable variables, such as environment and climate factors, are found to be statistically significant factors related to wildfire risks. A group index insurance scheme has been proposed and its associated actuarially fair premium rates have been estimated. Implications for wildfire management policies are also discussed.
The Clustering of DESI-like Luminous Red Galaxies Using Photometric Redshifts
Creators: name: Zhou, Rongpu
name: Newman, Jeffrey A.
name: Mao, Yao-Yuan
name: Meisner, Aaron
name: Moustakas, John
name: Myers, Adam D.
name: Prakash, Abhishek
name: Zentner, Andrew R.
name: Brooks, David
name: Duan, Yutong
name: Landriau, Martin
name: Levi, Michael E.
name: Prada, Francisco
name: Tarle, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of the redshift-dependent clustering of a DESI-like luminous red galaxy (LRG) sample selected from the Legacy Survey imaging dataset, and use the halo occupation distribution (HOD) framework to fit the clustering signal. The photometric LRG sample in this study contains 2.7 million objects over the redshift range of $0.4 < z < 0.9$ over 5655 deg$^2$. We have developed new photometric redshift (photo-$z$) estimates using the Legacy Survey DECam and WISE photometry, with $σ_{\mathrm{NMAD}} = 0.02$ precision for LRGs. We compute the projected correlation function using new methods that maximize signal-to-noise ratio while incorporating redshift uncertainties. We present a novel algorithm for dividing irregular survey geometries into equal-area patches for jackknife resampling. For a five-parameter HOD model fit using the MultiDark halo catalog, we find that there is little evolution in HOD parameters except at the highest redshifts. The inferred large-scale structure bias is largely consistent with constant clustering amplitude over time. In an appendix, we explore limitations of Markov chain Monte Carlo fitting using stochastic likelihood estimates resulting from applying HOD methods to N-body catalogs, and present a new technique for finding best-fit parameters in this situation. Accompanying this paper we have released the Photometric Redshifts for the Legacy Surveys (PRLS) catalog of photo-$z$'s obtained by applying the methods used in this work to the full Legacy Survey Data Release 8 dataset. This catalog provides accurate photometric redshifts for objects with $z < 21$ over more than 16,000 deg$^2$ of sky.
description: 24 pages, 25 figures, published in MNRAS
MOESM3 of Effectiveness of physical therapy treatment in addition to usual podiatry management of plantar heel pain: a randomized clinical trial
Creators: name: McClinton, Shane
name: Heiderscheit, Bryan
name: McPoil, Thomas
name: Flynn, Timothy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3. Percentage of participants that reported changes equal to or greater than the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of eight points for the foot and ankle ability measure (FAAM) for the intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses. Bar graphs of the percentage of patients that reported changes in FAAM that exceeded the MCID.
Towards 100,000-pixel microcalorimeter arrays using multi-absorber transition-edge sensors
Creators: name: Smith, S. J.
name: Adams, J. S.
name: Bandler, S. R.
name: Beaumont, S.
name: Chervenak, J. A.
name: Datesman, A. M.
name: Finkbeiner, F. M.
name: Hummatov, R.
name: Kelly, R. L.
name: Kilbourne, C. A.
name: Miniussi, A. R.
name: Porter, F. S.
name: Sadleir, J. E.
name: Sakai, K.
name: Wakeham, N. A.
name: Wassell, E. J.
name: Witthoeft, M. C.
name: Ryu, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the development of multi-absorber transition edge sensors (TESs), referred to as hydras. A hydra consists of multiple x-ray absorbers each with a different thermal conductance to a TES. Position information is encoded in the pulse shape. With some trade-off in performance, hydras enable very large format arrays without the prohibitive increase in bias and read-out components associated with arrays of individual TESs. Hydras are under development for the next generation of space telescope such as Lynx. Lynx is a NASA concept under study that will combine a < 1 arcsecond angular resolution optic with 100,000-pixel microcalorimeter array with energy resolution of deltaE_FWHM ~ 3 eV in the soft x-ray energy range. We present first results from hydras with 25-pixels for Lynx. Designs with absorbers on a 25 micron and 50 micron pitch are studied. Arrays incorporate, for the first time, microstrip buried wiring layers of suitable pitch and density required to readout a full-scale Lynx array. The resolution from the coadded energy histogram including all 25-pixels was deltaE_FWHM = 1.66+/-0.02 eV and 3.34+/-0.06 eV at an energy of 1.5 keV for the 25 micron and 50 micron absorber designs respectively. Position discrimination is demonstrated from parameterization of the rise-time.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures. Low Temperature Detectors 18 Conference, Milan Italy
Localised control for non-resonant Hamiltonian systems
Creators: name: Vittot, Michel
name: Chandre, Cristel
name: Ciraolo, Guido
name: Lima, Ricardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a method of localised control of chaos in Hamiltonian systems. The aim is to modify the perturbation locally by a small control term which makes the controlled Hamiltonian more regular. We provide an explicit expression for the control term which is able to recreate invariant (KAM) tori without modifying other parts of phase space. We apply this method of localised control to a forced pendulum model, to the delta-kicked rotor (standard map) and to a non-twist Hamiltonian.
Baryon Loading of Gamma Ray Bursts by Pick-up Neutrons
Creators: name: Levinson, A.
name: Eichler, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is proposed that the baryons in gamma ray burst (GRB) fireballs originate as "pick-up" neutrons that leak in sideways from surrounding baryonic matter and convert to protons in a collision avalanche. The asymptotic Lorentz factor is estimated, and, in the absence of collimation, is shown to be angle dependent. Reasonable agreement is obtained with existing limits on the GRB baryonic component. The charged decay and collision products of the neutrons become ultrarelativistic immediately, and a UHE neutrino burst is produced with an efficiency that can exceed 0.5. Other signatures may include lithium, beryllium and/or boron lines in the supernova remnants associated with GRB's and high polarization of the gamma rays.
description: 12 pages, substantial changes from previous version
A Biased Resistor Network Model for Electromigration Failure and Related Phenomena in Metallic Lines
Creators: name: Pennetta, C.
name: Alfinito, E.
name: Reggiani, L.
name: Fantini, F.
name: DeMunari, I.
name: Scorzoni, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromigration phenomena in metallic lines are studied by using a biased resistor network model. The void formation induced by the electron wind is simulated by a stochastic process of resistor breaking, while the growth of mechanical stress inside the line is described by an antagonist process of recovery of the broken resistors. The model accounts for the existence of temperature gradients due to current crowding and Joule heating. Alloying effects are also accounted for. Monte Carlo simulations allow the study within a unified theoretical framework of a variety of relevant features related to the electromigration. The predictions of the model are in excellent agreement with the experiments and in particular with the degradation towards electrical breakdown of stressed Al-Cu thin metallic lines. Detailed investigations refer to the damage pattern, the distribution of the times to failure (TTFs), the generalized Black's law, the time evolution of the resistance, including the early-stage change due to alloying effects and the electromigration saturation appearing at low current densities or for short line lengths. The dependence of the TTFs on the length and width of the metallic line is also well reproduced. Finally, the model successfully describes the resistance noise properties under steady state conditions.
description: 39 pages + 17 figures
Magnetic oscillations in planar systems with the Dirac-like spectrum of quasiparticle excitations
Creators: name: Sharapov, S. G.
name: Gusynin, V. P.
name: Beck, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum magnetic oscillations are studied for planar condensed matter systems with a linear, Dirac-like spectrum of quasiparticle excitations. We derive analytical expressions for magnetic oscillations (de Haas - van Alphen effect) in the density of states, thermodynamic potential, magnetization and chemical potential both for zero and finite temperatures, and in the presence of scattering from impurities. We discuss also a possibility of using magnetic oscillations for detection of a gap that may open in the spectrum of quasiparticle excitations due to a nontrivial interaction between them.
description: 29 pages, RevTeX4, 5 EPS figures; final version published in PRB