cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Curvature Perturbations and non-Gaussianities from Waterfall Phase Transition during Inflation
Creators: name: Abolhasani, Ali Akbar
name: Firouzjahi, Hassan
name: Namjoo, Mohammad Hossein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a variant of hybrid inflation where the waterfall phase transition happens during inflation. By adjusting the parameters associated with the mass of the waterfall field we arrange that the phase transition is not sharp so inflation can proceed for about 50-60 e-folds after the waterfall phase transition. We show that one can work in the limit where the quantum back-reactions are subdominant compared to the classical back-reactions. It is shown that significant amount of large scale curvature perturbations are induced from the entropy perturbations. The curvature perturbations spectral index is either blue or red depending on whether the mode of interest leaves the horizon before the phase transition or after the phase transition. This can have interesting observational consequences on CMB. The non-Gaussianity parameter $f_{NL}$ is calculated to be $\lesssim 1$ but much bigger than the slow-roll parameters.
description: minor changes, references added, CQG published version
Pulse frequency variations and timing noise of MXB 0656-072 during the 2007-2008 type I outbursts and implications for its magnetic field
Creators: name: Serim, M. Mirac
name: Serim, Danjela
name: Dönmez, Çağatay Kerem
name: Tuo, Youli
name: Ducci, Lorenzo
name: Baykal, Altan
name: Santangelo, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We aim to explore the properties of the Be/X-ray binary system MXB 0656-072 from a timing analysis perspective through an investigation of the RXTE/PCA and Fermi/GBM data during its 2007-2008 type I outbursts. We applied two new techniques, for the first time, along with the conventional Deeter method to produce higher-resolution power density spectra (PDS) of the torque fluctuations. We also investigated the spin frequency evolution of the source by utilising a pulse timing technique. The PDSs show a red noise pattern, with a steepness of $Γ\sim -2$ and a saturation timescale of $\sim$150 d, indicating that MXB 0656-072 is a disc-fed source. With the obtained long term spin frequency evolution, we reveal the torque-luminosity correlation of MXB 0656-072 for the first time. We also demonstrate that the frequency evolution is largely consistent with the Ghosh-Lamb model. In the RXTE/PCA observations, the pulsed emission disappears below $\sim$5$\times 10^{35}$ erg s$^{-1}$, while the profiles remain stable above this value in our analysis time frame. We show that the magnetic field strength deduced from the torque model is compatible with the field strength of the pulsar derived from the cyclotron resonance scattering feature. Utilising the new distance of MXB 0656-072 measured by Gaia, we show that the spectral transition of MXB 0656-072 occurs at a luminosity that matches the expected theoretical transition from the subcritical to supercritical accretion regime.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
La Prospective en Études de Conflits
Creators: name: Leclercq, Dominique
Publisher: name: Université Saint-Paul / Saint Paul University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Prospective
conflits
imagination
futurs crédibles
déterminisme
croissance
méthode d'analyse
pluri-disciplinaire
inter-communication
scénarios du futur
démographie
environnement
équilibre écologique
changements climatiques
thématiques de recherche
discipline des sciences humaines
liberté de pensée
récits racontables de l'avenir
rétrospective
sociologie de l'imagination
insurrections armées
métaphores
état de choc
coups d'éclat médiatiques
fléaux de l'humanité
plafond naturel de l'espèce humaine
limites de la croissance
avenir de l'homme
progrès
transhumanisme
état d'urgence
insécurité alimentaire
extermination des espèces animales
désastres contemporains
globalisation
cheminement historique
politique fiction

description: 1 - Énoncé de la problématique - La thèse s’articule sur le thème de la prospective et du rôle que peut jouer la prospective dans le contexte des études de conflits. Comment la prospective, en tant que méthode, discipline ou attitude, peut être perçue comme un outil au service de l’imagination permettant de parcourir le champ des futurs ? Des évidences mises en lumière par des études prospectives permettent-elles d’affirmer l’efficacité et la clairvoyance de la prospective ? 2 - Résumé de la méthode - La méthode d’analyse utilisée consiste en une revue de la littérature. Les trajectoires prospectivistes dans les sciences humaines sont autant de reconnaissance pour une discipline en recherche de considération. Les axes de recherche utilisés sont la démographie et l’environnement qui sont des domaines dans lesquels les écrits prospectivistes abondent, même si leurs interprétations peuvent être aussi souvent alarmistes que controversées. 3 - Principaux points soulevés dans la thèse - Les principaux points soulevés dans la thèse sont ceux de la pertinence de la prospective en qualité de discipline des sciences humaines, vecteur de la pensée rationaliste, et outil de recherche pour une sociologie de l’imagination. 4 - Conclusion générale - La prospective a pu être distanciée de pratiques non scientifiques visant à la prédiction des événements du futur. Les avancées scientifiques et technologiques permettent désormais d’équiper les chercheurs et scientifiques avec des outils de prévision et d’invention du futur.
Additional file 3 of Exploring barriers to dementia screening and management services by general practitioners in China: a qualitative study using the COM-B model
Creators: name: Gong, Ni
name: Yang, Dan
name: Zou, Jianfeng
name: He, Qianyu
name: Hu, Lei
name: Chen, Weiju
name: Liao, Jing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 3. Interview Guide of in-depth interviews
Additional file 1 of Proximate and distal factors associated with the stall in the decline of adolescent pregnancy in Uganda
Creators: name: Mbabazi, Catherine
name: Kintu, Alexander
name: Asiimwe, John Bosco
name: Ssekamatte, John S.
name: Shah, Iqbal
name: Canning, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. Median of key characteristics of women included in the analysis.
ICSSIM-A Framework for Building Industrial Control Systems Security Simulation Testbeds
Creators: name: Dehlaghi-Ghadim, Alireza
name: Balador, Ali
name: Moghadam, Mahshid Helali
name: Hansson, Hans
name: Conti, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the advent of smart industry, Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are increasingly using Cloud, IoT, and other services to meet Industry 4.0 targets. The connectivity inherent in these services exposes such systems to increased cybersecurity risks. To protect ICSs against cyberattacks, intrusion detection systems and intrusion prevention systems empowered by machine learning are used to detect abnormal behavior of the systems. Operational ICSs are not safe environments to research intrusion detection systems due to the possibility of catastrophic risks. Therefore, realistic ICS testbeds enable researchers to analyze and validate their intrusion detection algorithms in a controlled environment. Although various ICS testbeds have been developed, researchers' access to a low-cost, adaptable, and customizable testbed that can accurately simulate industrial control systems and suits security research is still an important issue. In this paper, we present ICSSIM, a framework for building customized virtual ICS security testbeds, in which various types of cyber threats and attacks can be effectively and efficiently investigated. This framework contains base classes to simulate control system components and communications. ICSSIM aims to produce extendable, versatile, reproducible, low-cost, and comprehensive ICS testbeds with realistic details and high fidelity. ICSSIM is built on top of the Docker container technology, which provides realistic network emulation and runs ICS components on isolated private operating system kernels. ICSSIM reduces the time for developing ICS components and offers physical process modelling using software and hardware in the loop simulation. We demonstrated ICSSIM by creating a testbed and validating its functionality by showing how different cyberattacks can be applied.
description: 43 pages, 13 figures
Possible thermochemical disequilibrium in the atmosphere of the exoplanet GJ 436b
Creators: name: Stevenson, Kevin B.
name: Harrington, Joseph
name: Nymeyer, Sarah
name: Madhusudhan, Nikku
name: Seager, Sara
name: Bowman, William C.
name: Hardy, Ryan A.
name: Deming, Drake
name: Rauscher, Emily
name: Lust, Nate B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nearby extrasolar planet GJ 436b--which has been labelled as a 'hot Neptune'--reveals itself by the dimming of light as it crosses in front of and behind its parent star as seen from Earth. Respectively known as the primary transit and secondary eclipse, the former constrains the planet's radius and mass, and the latter constrains the planet's temperature and, with measurements at multiple wavelengths, its atmospheric composition. Previous work using transmission spectroscopy failed to detect the 1.4-μm water vapour band, leaving the planet's atmospheric composition poorly constrained. Here we report the detection of planetary thermal emission from the dayside of GJ 436b at multiple infrared wavelengths during the secondary eclipse. The best-fit compositional models contain a high CO abundance and a substantial methane (CH4) deficiency relative to thermochemical equilibrium models for the predicted hydrogen-dominated atmosphere. Moreover, we report the presence of some H2O and traces of CO2. Because CH4 is expected to be the dominant carbon-bearing species, disequilibrium processes such as vertical mixing and polymerization of methane into substances such as ethylene may be required to explain the hot Neptune's small CH4-to-CO ratio, which is at least 10^5 times smaller than predicted.
Improving Adversarial Robustness via Joint Classification and Multiple Explicit Detection Classes
Creators: name: Baharlouei, Sina
name: Sheikholeslami, Fatemeh
name: Razaviyayn, Meisam
name: Kolter, Zico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work concerns the development of deep networks that are certifiably robust to adversarial attacks. Joint robust classification-detection was recently introduced as a certified defense mechanism, where adversarial examples are either correctly classified or assigned to the "abstain" class. In this work, we show that such a provable framework can benefit by extension to networks with multiple explicit abstain classes, where the adversarial examples are adaptively assigned to those. We show that naively adding multiple abstain classes can lead to "model degeneracy", then we propose a regularization approach and a training method to counter this degeneracy by promoting full use of the multiple abstain classes. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach consistently achieves favorable standard vs. robust verified accuracy tradeoffs, outperforming state-of-the-art algorithms for various choices of number of abstain classes.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
The Matrix Element Method and QCD Radiation
Creators: name: Alwall, J.
name: Freitas, A.
name: Mattelaer, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The matrix element method (MEM) has been extensively used for the analysis of top-quark and W-boson physics at the Tevatron, but in general without dedicated treatment of initial state QCD radiation. At the LHC, the increased center of mass energy leads to a significant increase in the amount of QCD radiation, which makes it mandatory to carefully account for its effects. We here present several methods for inclusion of QCD radiation effects in the MEM, and apply them to mass determination in the presence of multiple invisible particles in the final state. We demonstrate significantly improved results compared to the standard treatment.
description: 15 pp; v2: references and some clarifications added; v3: discussion of NLO effects, version published in PRD
Inflation from Multiple Pseudo-Scalar Fields: PBH Dark Matter and Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: Talebian, Alireza
name: Mansoori, Seyed Ali Hosseini
name: Firouzjahi, Hassan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a model of inflation with multiple pseudo-scalar fields coupled to a $U(1)$ gauge field through Chern-Simons interactions. Because of parity violating interactions, one polarization of the gauge field is amplified yielding to enhanced curvature perturbation power spectrum. Inflation proceeds in multiple stages as each pseudo-scalar field rolls towards its minimum yielding to distinct multiple peaks in the curvature perturbations power spectrum at various scales during inflation. The localized peaks in power spectrum generate Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) which can furnish a large fraction of Dark Matter (DM) abundance. In addition, gravitational waves (GWs) with non-trivial spectra are generated which are in sensitivity range of various forthcoming GW observatories.
description: This work is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Mohammad Reza Setare (1974-2022)
Charge transport, information scrambling and quantum operator-coherence in a many-body system with U(1) symmetry
Creators: name: Agarwal, Lakshya
name: Sahu, Subhayan
name: Xu, Shenglong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we derive an exact hydrodynamical description for the coupled, charge and operator dynamics, in a quantum many-body system with U(1) symmetry. Using an emergent symmetry in the complex Brownian SYK model with charge conservation, we map the operator dynamics in the model to the imaginary-time dynamics of an SU(4) spin-chain. We utilize the emergent SU(4) description to demonstrate that the U(1) symmetry causes quantum-coherence to persist even after disorder-averaging, in sharp contrast to models without symmetries. In line with this property, we write down a 'restricted' Fokker-Planck equation for the out-of-time ordered correlator (OTOC) in the large-$N$ limit, which permits a classical probability description strictly in the incoherent sector of the global operator-space. We then exploit this feature to describe the OTOC in terms of a Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piskun (FKPP)-equation which couples the operator with the charge and is valid at all time-scales and for arbitrary charge-density profiles. The coupled equations obtained belong to a class of models also used to describe the population dynamics of bacteria embedded in a diffusive media. We simulate them to explore operator-dynamics in a background of non-uniform charge configuration, which reveals that the charge transport can strongly affect dynamics of operators, including those that have no overlap with the charge.
description: 12+4 pages, 7 figures. References updated
Environmental DNA (eDNA) approaches to monitoring outmigration dynamics of juvenile Pacific salmon
Creators: name: Benoit, Natalie P.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: During the outmigration of Pacific Salmon, the early marine phase is a critical period when high mortality can occur. Traditional sampling and monitoring of juvenile salmon migration can be limited by logistically intensive gear requirements, accessibility, and cost. Improved understanding of the early marine phase, e.g., migration duration and habitat use, requires innovative techniques that can improve the spatial and temporal coverage of monitoring. Environmental DNA (eDNA) are genetic fragments present in the environment that can be used as a proxy for organism presence and can be effectively and efficiently collected through water samples. Estimating fish abundance or biomass from eDNA concentration data would provide a valuable fisheries tool but remains challenging to calibrate. To quantify the relationship between eDNA abundance and fish biomass, I used a controlled mesocosm experiment, in which eDNA samples were collected from 15 aquaria (340 L) with varying densities (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 – in triplicate) of juvenile Chinook salmon per tank. The concentration of eDNA obtained by qPCR scaled positively with fish biomass (ANOVA, p < 0.05). I then tested this relationship in a field study to calibrate the application of eDNA for species detection, abundance estimates, and assemblage assessments of juvenile salmon against a traditional method, purse seine sampling, during their outmigration through the Discovery Islands of BC, Canada. From May to July, sampling occurred twice a week. The eDNA samples were analyzed using qPCR and metabarcoding, providing DNA concentration values and proportional DNA reads, respectively. Across all sampling sites, seine catch, eDNA-qPCR, and eDNA-metabarcoding effectively detected pink salmon. In the case of Chinook salmon, qPCR was more effective at fish detection than the other methods. Metabarcoding of salmonid assemblage structure revealed similar composition to seine net catch in the in-seine eDNA samples. There was a positive relationship between the number of fish caught and DNA concentration in the pre-seine and in-seine samples which indicated that the eDNA reflected the relative abundance of juvenile salmon in situ. I discuss the above findings with respect to the application of eDNA methods for monitoring juvenile salmon outmigration.
Advanced Model Consistency Restoration with Higher-Order Short-Cut Rules
Creators: name: Fritsche, Lars
name: Kosiol, Jens
name: Lauer, Alexander
name: Möller, Adrian
name: Schürr, Andy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sequential model synchronisation is the task of propagating changes from one model to another correlated one to restore consistency. It is challenging to perform this propagation in a least-changing way that avoids unnecessary deletions (which might cause information loss). From a theoretical point of view, so-called short-cut (SC) rules have been developed that enable provably correct propagation of changes while avoiding information loss. However, to be able to react to every possible change, an infinite set of such rules might be necessary. Practically, only small sets of pre-computed basic SC rules have been used, severely restricting the kind of changes that can be propagated without loss of information. In this work, we close that gap by developing an approach to compute more complex required SC rules on-the-fly during synchronisation. These higher-order SC rules allow us to cope with more complex scenarios when multiple changes must be handled in one step. We implemented our approach in the model transformation tool eMoflon. An evaluation shows that the overhead of computing higher-order SC rules on-the-fly is tolerable and at times even improves the overall performance. Above that, completely new scenarios can be dealt with without the loss of information.
Gravity/CFT correspondence for three dimensional Einstein gravity with a conformal scalar field
Creators: name: Hasanpour, M.
name: Loran, F.
name: Razaghian, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the three dimensional Einstein gravity conformally coupled to a scalar field. Solutions of this theory are geometries with vanishing scalar curvature. We consider solutions with a constant scalar field which corresponds to an infinite Newton's constant. There is a class of solutions with possible curvature singularities which asymptotic symmetries are given by two copies of the Virasoro algebra. We argue that the central charge of the corresponding CFT is infinite. Furthermore, we construct a family of Schwarzschild solutions which can be conformally mapped to the Martinez-Zanelli solution of Einstein's equations with a negative cosmological constant coupled to conformal scalar field.
description: 27 pages, to appear in Nucl. Phys. B
Архивные копии к статье "Рейтинги медицинских, фармацевтических и ветеринарных ВУЗов в "ТОП-200 Украина" на подконтрольных территориях как показатель результатов военного конфликта и реформы медицинского образования"
Creators: name: Сергеевич, Шевченко Александр
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Берлінські принципи ранжирування ВУЗів
Berlin Principles on Ranking of Higher Education Institutions
UNESCO-CEPES
IREG
Institute for Higher Education Policy

description: Архивные копии к статье [Шевченко А.С. Рейтинги медицинских, фармацевтических и ветеринарных ВУЗов в "ТОП-200 Украина" на подконтрольных территориях как показатель результатов военного конфликта и реформы медицинского образования // Вестник Харьковского Регионального Института Проблем Общественного Здравоохранения, №5(85). - Украина, Харьков: ХРИПОЗ, 2018. - С. 37-54]:

7. [Берлінські принципи ранжирування ВУЗів // ГО "Центр міжнародних проектів "Євроосвіта", 21.06.2006. http://www.euroosvita.net/index.php/?category=1&id=437]

8. Berlin Principles on Ranking of Higher Education Institutions. http://euroosvita.net/prog/data/doc/BerlinPrinciples.pdf

http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2652560
Topological symplectic Kondo effect
Creators: name: Li, Guangjie
name: König, Elio J.
name: Väyrynen, Jukka I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiple conduction channels interacting with a quantum impurity -- a spin in the conventional ``multi-channel Kondo effect'' or a topological mesoscopic device (``topological Kondo effect'') -- has been proposed as a platform to realize anyonic quasi-particles. However, the above implementations require either perfect channel symmetry or the use of Majorana fermions. Here we propose a Majorana-free mesoscopic setup which implements the Kondo effect of the symplectic Lie group and can harbor emergent anyons (including Majorana fermions, Fibonacci anyons, and $\mathbb Z_3$ parafermions) even in the absence of perfect channel symmetry. In addition to the detailed prescription of the implementation, we present the strong coupling solution by mapping the model to the multi-channel Kondo effect associated to an internal $SU(2)$ symmetry and exploit conformal field theory (CFT) to predict the non-trivial scaling of a variety of observables, including conductance, as a function of temperature. This work does not only open the door for robust Kondo-based anyon platforms, but also sheds light on the physics of strongly correlated materials with competing order parameters.
description: 7 + 18 pages, 2 figures; version accepted in PRB
HDL and plaque regression in a multiphase model of early atherosclerosis
Creators: name: Ahmed, Ishraq U.
name: Myerscough, Mary R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 92C32, 92C37

description: Atherosclerotic plaques are accumulations of cholesterol-engorged macrophages in the artery wall. Plaque growth is initiated and sustained by the deposition of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in the artery wall. High density lipoproteins (HDL) counterbalance the effects of LDL by accepting cholesterol from macrophages and removing it from the plaque. In this paper, we develop a free boundary multiphase model to investigate the effects of LDL and HDL on early plaque development. We examine how the rates of LDL and HDL deposition affect cholesterol accumulation in macrophages, and how this impacts cell death rates and emigration. We identify a region of LDL-HDL parameter space where plaque growth stabilises for low LDL and high HDL influxes, due to macrophage emigration and HDL clearance that counterbalances the influx of new cells and cholesterol. We explore how the efferocytic uptake of dead cells and the recruitment of new macrophages affect plaque development for a range of LDL and HDL levels. Finally, we consider how changes in the LDL-HDL profile can change the course of plaque development. We show that changes towards lower LDL and higher HDL can slow plaque growth and even induce regression. We find that these changes have less effect on larger, more established plaques, and that temporary changes will only slow plaque growth in the short term.
CARDIMED - Policy memos with barriers and enablers
Creators: name: Frantzeskaki, Niki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Mainstreaming Nature-based Solutions for fostering climate resilience in the Mediterranean is challenged by persisting barriers while at the same time, opportunities from new forms of formal and informal institutions in the making are formed. We identified how barriers to the uptake and mainstreaming of Nature-based Solutions interrelate into institutional traps that require transformative shifts in ways of thinking, organizing and relating. The barriers and opportunities were identified from a three-tiered analysis: (a) a policy analysis of regional and local policy documents from every DEMO case study (b) on-line interviews with regional and local policy stakeholders (n=12 interviews) and in-person workshops with regional policy stakeholders and (c) literature review of barriers and opportunities. This deliverable reports on the four identified traps and the ways to overcome for every DEMO and across all the DEMOs. The deliverable is in the form of policy briefs and the included recommendations have been co-produced between the researchers and regional and local policy stakeholders of the CARDIMED consortium.

How to read the policy briefs?   The policy briefs are neither binding policy documents nor prescriptions. Instead, they are results of a co-production between researchers and policy officers as part of the CARDIMED research project. As such, these policy briefs aim to inspire and inform policy action in every DEMO area/ region and across the Mediterranean regions as well.   Specifically, we include 10 policy briefs. The first 8 policy briefs are DEMO-specific, meaning the included recommendations are to provide guidance and inspiration for action to navigate and spring out of the traps. The cross-case study policy brief (cross-DEMO policy brief) offers recommendations for navigating and springing out the traps that apply to all the participating regionsDEMO. Specifically, the cross-DEMO policy brief offers a suite of recommendations that aim to progress policy and planning approaches beyond the “usual” and to elicit more collaborative, integrative, and cross-sectoral actions to mainstream Nature-based Solutions for climate resilience. The “questions to consider” policy brief presents a set of questions per trap that aim to trigger transformative thinking for springing out of the traps. These questions can be used by policy stakeholders to reflect on proposed or under-formulation actions and also in discussions between policy stakeholders and other societal stakeholders involved in the planning with and for Nature-based Solutions in the DEMOs.
The VANDELS survey: the ionizing properties of star-forming galaxies at $3 \leq z \leq 5$ using deep rest-frame ultraviolet spectroscopy
Creators: name: Saldana-Lopez, A.
name: Schaerer, D.
name: Chisholm, J.
name: Calabrò, A.
name: Pentericci, L.
name: Cullen, F.
name: Saxena, A.
name: Amorín, R.
name: Carnall, A. C.
name: Fontanot, F.
name: Fynbo, J. P. U.
name: Guaita, L.
name: Hathi, N. P.
name: McLeod, P. Hibon Z. Ji D. J.
name: Pompei, E.
name: Zamorani, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To better understand the ionizing properties of galaxies in the EoR, we investigate deep, rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) spectra of $\simeq 500$ star-forming galaxies at $3 \leq z \leq 5$ selected from the public ESO-VANDELS spectroscopic survey. The absolute ionizing photon escape fraction ($f_{\rm esc}^{\rm abs}$) is derived by combining absorption line measurements with estimates of the UV attenuation. The ionizing production efficiency ($ξ_{ion}$) is calculated by fitting the far-UV (FUV) stellar continuum of the VANDELS galaxies. We find that the $f_{\rm esc}^{\rm abs}$ and $ξ_{ion}$ parameters increase towards low-mass, blue UV-continuum slopes and strong Ly$α$ emitting galaxies, and both are just slightly higher-than-average for the UV-faintest galaxies in the sample. Potential Lyman Continuum Emitters (LCEs) and selected Lyman Alpha Emitters (LAEs) show systematically higher $ξ_{ion}$ ($\log ξ_{ion}$ (Hz\erg) $\approx 25.38, 25.41$) than non-LCEs and non-LAEs ($\log ξ_{ion}$ (Hz\erg) $\approx 25.18, 25.14$) at similar UV magnitudes. This indicates very young underlying stellar populations ($\approx 10~{\rm Myr}$) at relatively low metallicities ($\approx 0.2~{\rm Z_{\odot}}$). The FUV non-ionizing spectra of potential LCEs is characterized by very blue UV slopes ($\leq -2$), enhanced Ly$α$ emission ($\leq -25$A), strong UV nebular lines (e.g., high CIV1550/CIII]1908 $\geq 0.75$ ratios), and weak absorption lines ($\leq 1$A). The latter suggests the existence of low gas-column-density channels in the interstellar medium which enables the escape of ionizing photons. By comparing our VANDELS results against other surveys in the literature, our findings imply that the ionizing budget in the EoR was likely dominated by UV-faint, low-mass and dustless galaxies.
description: 25 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables; accepted for publication in MNRAS on April 24, 2023
Deep Learning Hamiltonians from Disordered Image Data in Quantum Materials
Creators: name: Basak, S.
name: Banguero, M. Alzate
name: Burzawa, L.
name: Simmons, F.
name: Salev, P.
name: Aigouy, L.
name: Qazilbash, M. M.
name: Schuller, I. K.
name: Basov, D. N.
name: Zimmers, A.
name: Carlson, E. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The capabilities of image probe experiments are rapidly expanding, providing new information about quantum materials on unprecedented length and time scales. Many such materials feature inhomogeneous electronic properties with intricate pattern formation on the observable surface. This rich spatial structure contains information about interactions, dimensionality, and disorder -- a spatial encoding of the Hamiltonian driving the pattern formation. Image recognition techniques from machine learning are an excellent tool for interpreting information encoded in the spatial relationships in such images. Here, we develop a deep learning framework for using the rich information available in these spatial correlations in order to discover the underlying Hamiltonian driving the patterns. We first vet the method on a known case, scanning near-field optical microscopy on a thin film of VO2. We then apply our trained convolutional neural network architecture to new optical microscope images of a different VO2 film as it goes through the metal-insulator transition. We find that a two-dimensional Hamiltonian with both interactions and random field disorder is required to explain the intricate, fractal intertwining of metal and insulator domains during the transition. This detailed knowledge about the underlying Hamiltonian paves the way to using the model to control the pattern formation via, e.g., tailored hysteresis protocols. We also introduce a distribution-based confidence measure on the results of a multi-label classifier, which does not rely on adversarial training. In addition, we propose a new machine learning based criterion for diagnosing a physical system's proximity to criticality.
DTI-LM: Language model powered drug-target ​ interaction prediction​
Creators: name: Khandakar Tanvir Ahmed
name: Zhang, Wei
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2023

description: The exploration of drug-target interaction (DTI) not only expedites the identification of novel drug candidates but also augments our capacity to repurpose existing compounds for diverse therapeutic applications. DTI prediction is an indispensable tool to aid the initial stages of drug discovery by expediting the identification of potential drug-target interactions, thereby streamlining the process of lead compound selection and, consequently, experimental validation. Numerous studies have demonstrated the utility of computational approaches, including machine learning algorithms, network-based methods, and molecular docking simulations for DTI prediction. In recent times, the advancement of DTI prediction has been notably accelerated, primarily attributed to the extensive accumulation and accessibility of biomedical datasets and progress of deep learning techniques. Several advanced deep learning-based frameworks for DTI prediction have emerged, utilizing diverse sets of data as input. These frameworks can be broadly categorized into knowledge graph-based methods, 3D structure-based approaches, 2D pairwise distance map-based techniques, and 1D sequence-based methods. Heterogeneous knowledge graph (KG)-based methods have demonstrated success in various scenarios of DTI prediction, including warm start, cold start for drugs, and cold start for proteins. Cold start predictions involving unknown drugs or proteins are particularly challenging as limited or no information about that drug or protein is available during model training. On the other hand, 1D sequence-based are computationally more efficient than KG but suffers from cold start predictions. In this study, we introduce DTI-LM, designed for predicting DTI by leveraging language models to generate encodings from 1D protein and drug sequences. We enhance the encoding process by introducing graph attention networks (GAT) for more nuanced and context-aware DTI predictions. Comprehensive set of experiments shows improved DTI prediction using our proposed model.
Entropic Gravity, Phase-Space Noncommutativity and the Equivalence Principle
Creators: name: Bastos, Catarina
name: Bertolami, Orfeu
name: Dias, Nuno Costa
name: Prata, João Nuno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize E. Verlinde's entropic gravity reasoning to a phase-space noncommutativity set-up. This allow us to impose a bound on the product of the noncommutative parameters based on the Equivalence Principle. The key feature of our analysis is an effective Planck's constant that naturally arises when accounting for the noncommutative features of the phase-space.
description: 12 pages. Version to appear at the Classical and Quantum Gravity
Non-Line-of-Sight Passive Acoustic Localization Around Corners
Creators: name: Boger-Lombard, Jeremy
name: Slobodkin, Yevgeny
name: Katz, Ori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-line-of-sight (NLoS) imaging is an important challenge in many fields ranging from autonomous vehicles and smart cities to defense applications. Several recent works in optics and acoustics tackle the challenge of imaging targets hidden from view (e.g. placed around a corner) by measuring time-of-flight (ToF) information using active SONAR/LiDAR techniques, effectively mapping the Green functions (impulse responses) from several sources to an array of detectors. Here, leveraging passive correlations-based imaging techniques, we study the possibility of acoustic NLoS target localization around a corner without the use of controlled active sources. We demonstrate localization and tracking of a human subject hidden around the corner in a reverberating room, using Green functions retrieved from correlations of broadband noise in multiple detectors. Our results demonstrate that the controlled active sources can be replaced by passive detectors as long as a sufficiently broadband noise is present in the scene.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 4 of Exploring barriers to dementia screening and management services by general practitioners in China: a qualitative study using the COM-B model
Creators: name: Gong, Ni
name: Yang, Dan
name: Zou, Jianfeng
name: He, Qianyu
name: Hu, Lei
name: Chen, Weiju
name: Liao, Jing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 4. Characteristic of participants
Additional file 2 of Multivariable models for advanced colorectal neoplasms in screen-eligible individuals at low-to-moderate risk of colorectal cancer: towards improving colonoscopy prioritization
Creators: name: Murthy, Sanjay K.
name: Antonova, Lilia
name: Dube, Catherine
name: Benchimol, Eric I.
name: Le Gal, Gregoire
name: Hae, Richard
name: Burke, Stephen
name: Ramsay, Tim
name: Rostom, Alaa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2. Table S2. Model performance at different sensitivity thresholds for CRC detection among patients with major CRC risk factors (CRC model only).
Edge zeros and boundary spinons in topological Mott insulators
Creators: name: Wagner, Niklas
name: Guerci, Daniele
name: Millis, Andrew J.
name: Sangiovanni, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a real-space slave rotor theory of the physics of topological Mott insulators, using the Kane-Mele-Hubbard model as an example, and use it to show that a topological gap in the Green function zeros corresponds to a gap in the bulk spinon spectrum and that a zero edge mode corresponds to a spinon edge mode. We then consider an interface between a topological Mott insulator and a conventional topological insulator showing how the spinon edge mode of the topological Mott insulator combines with the spin part of the conventional electron topological edge state leaving a non-Fermi liquid edge mode described by a gapless propagating holon and gapped spinon state. Our work demonstrates the physical meaning of Green function zeros and shows that interfaces between conventional and Mott topological insulators are a rich source of new physics.
description: 7+5 pages, 4+3 figures
title: Radiomics of Tumor Heterogeneity in 18F-FDG-PET-CT for Predicting Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Therapy-Naïve Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Creators: name: Ventura, David
name: Schindler, Philipp
name: Masthoff, Max
name: Görlich, Dennis
name: Dittmann, Matthias
name: Heindel, Walter
name: Schäfers, Michael
name: Lenz, Georg
name: Wardelmann, Eva
name: Mohr, Michael
name: Kies, Peter
name: Bleckmann, Annalen
name: Roll, Wolfgang
name: Evers, Georg Heribert
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610 Medicine and health

description: We aimed to evaluate the predictive and prognostic value of baseline 18F-FDG-PET-CT (PET-CT) radiomic features (RFs) for immune checkpoint-inhibitor (CKI)-based first-line therapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In this retrospective study 44 patients were included. Patients were treated with either CKI-monotherapy or combined CKI-based immunotherapy–chemotherapy as first-line treatment. Treatment response was assessed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). After a median follow-up of 6.4 months patients were stratified into “responder” (n = 33) and “non-responder” (n = 11). RFs were extracted from baseline PET and CT data after segmenting PET-positive tumor volume of all lesions. A Radiomics-based model was developed based on a Radiomics signature consisting of reliable RFs that allow classification of response and overall progression using multivariate logistic regression. These RF were additionally tested for their prognostic value in all patients by applying a model-derived threshold. Two independent PET-based RFs differentiated well between responders and non-responders. For predicting response, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.69 for “PET-Skewness” and 0.75 predicting overall progression for “PET-Median”. In terms of progression-free survival analysis, patients with a lower value of PET-Skewness (threshold < 0.2014; hazard ratio (HR) 0.17, 95% CI 0.06–0.46; p < 0.001) and higher value of PET-Median (threshold > 0.5233; HR 0.23, 95% CI 0.11–0.49; p < 0.001) had a significantly lower probability of disease progression or death. Our Radiomics-based model might be able to predict response in advanced NSCLC patients treated with CKI-based first-line therapy.
description: Finanziert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der Universität Münster.
Optimizing glassy p-spin models
Creators: name: Thomas, Creighton K.
name: Katzgraber, Helmut G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Computing the ground state of Ising spin-glass models with p-spin interactions is, in general, an NP-hard problem. In this work we show that unlike in the case of the standard Ising spin glass with two-spin interactions, computing ground states with p=3 is an NP-hard problem even in two space dimensions. Furthermore, we present generic exact and heuristic algorithms for finding ground states of p-spin models with high confidence for systems of up to several thousand spins.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Extracting the hierarchical wavelet coefficients from full-sky maps
Creators: name: Abghari, Arefe
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Extracting Gaussian information from data is well understood, but characterizing non-Gaussianity is challenging. I describe an approach called the “hierarchical wavelet coefficients” (HWC) method, also known as the “scattering transform”, for analysing full-sky maps and extracting non-Gaussianity information. I introduce a spherical version of the Morlet wavelet and an algorithm using the healpy package to perform the wavelet convolutions. This method is applied to the Sunyaev-Zeldovich and Galactic dust maps constructed from the Planck satellite data to characterize their non-Gaussian features. I propose that in future this method can be used as a test of component-separation methods and robustness of simulations, as well as potentially for cosmological parameter estimation. It can also be used for generating simulated fields with the same statistical features as the real data.
A physics-aware deep learning model for energy localization in multiscale shock-to-detonation simulations of heterogeneous energetic materials
Creators: name: Nguyen, Phong C. H.
name: Nguyen, Yen-Thi
name: Seshadri, Pradeep K.
name: Choi, Joseph B.
name: Udaykumar, H. S.
name: Baek, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Predictive simulations of the shock-to-detonation transition (SDT) in heterogeneous energetic materials (EM) are vital to the design and control of their energy release and sensitivity. Due to the complexity of the thermo-mechanics of EM during the SDT, both macro-scale response and sub-grid mesoscale energy localization must be captured accurately. This work proposes an efficient and accurate multiscale framework for SDT simulations of EM. We introduce a new approach for SDT simulation by using deep learning to model the mesoscale energy localization of shock-initiated EM microstructures. The proposed multiscale modeling framework is divided into two stages. First, a physics-aware recurrent convolutional neural network (PARC) is used to model the mesoscale energy localization of shock-initiated heterogeneous EM microstructures. PARC is trained using direct numerical simulations (DNS) of hotspot ignition and growth within microstructures of pressed HMX material subjected to different input shock strengths. After training, PARC is employed to supply hotspot ignition and growth rates for macroscale SDT simulations. We show that PARC can play the role of a surrogate model in a multiscale simulation framework, while drastically reducing the computation cost and providing improved representations of the sub-grid physics. The proposed multiscale modeling approach will provide a new tool for material scientists in designing high-performance and safer energetic materials.