cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A novel approach to characterizing pulp fibres using pressure filtration and an interpretation of Canadian Standard Freeness
Creators: name: Mousavi, Payam
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The purpose of this project is to gain physical insight into a common measure of the drainability of papermaking fibre suspensions, that is Canadian Standard Freeness (CSF). We do so by measuring CSF of a thermomechanical pulp, refined over the range of 200 - 1200 kWh/t, and comparing this to the permeability and compressibility of the network obtained by conducting pressure filtration. Also, approximate analytical solutions to the filtration equations are presented for different regimes of the problem. We find that the changes in permeability are linearly related to the multiple of permeability and compressibility of the network. From this we are able to gain some insight into the changes in fibre morphology caused by the refining effect.
A Model for Quantum Stochastic Absorption in Absorbing Disordered Media
Creators: name: Pradhan, Prabhakar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wave propagation in coherently absorbing disordered media is generally modeled by adding a complex part to the real part of the potential. In such a case, it is already understood that the complex potential plays a duel role; it acts as an absorber as well as a reflector due to the mismatch of the phase of the real and complex parts of the potential. Although this model gives expected results for weakly absorbing disordered media, it gives unphysical results for the strong absorption regime where it causes the system to behave like a perfect reflector. To overcome this issue, we develop a model here using stochastic absorption for the modeling of absorption by "fake", or "side", channels obviating the need for a complex potential. This model of stochastic absorption eliminates the reflection that is coupled with the absorption in the complex potential model and absorption is proportional to the magnitude of the absorbing parameter. Solving the statistics of the reflection coefficient and its phase for both the models, we argue that stochastic absorption is a potentially better way of modeling absorbing disordered media.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Bilateral and multilateral trade
Creators: name: GINI, C.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: International trade, bilateral, multilateral, convertibility, exchange
subject: F10, F13, F31

description: The article shows that in the efforts to re-establish normal international relations on the basis of multilateral trade, confusion has often arisen concerning the distinction between those which are necessary effects or conditions, and those which are sufficient conditions, and that the disadvantages of bilateral trade have also been exaggerated. The inconvertibility of national currencies was not the cause but the effect of the system of bilateral trade, and the revival of the system of multilateral trade would not suffice to re-establish convertibility. The effects of agreements between groups of States for the purpose of assuring the periodical clearing of active and passive balances are also very limited. The most objectionable feature of bilateral treaties is that they deviate commercial currents from their most economically expedient directions, but they do not necessarily alter substantially the final distribution of the goods. Nor is it true that the system of bilateral trade necessarily determines the divergence, noted in some countries, between direct and indirect exchanges, which may be due rather to the fact that the exchanges are fixed artificially at a level other than the equilibrium rate. JEL: F10, F13, F31
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 2, N. 8 (1949)
KatzDriver: A network Based method to predict cancer causal genes in GR Network
Creators: name: Akhavansafar, Mostafa
name: Teimourpour, Babak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: One of the important issues in oncology is finding the genes that perturbation the cell functionality, and result in cancer propagation. The genes, namely driver genes, when they mutate in expression, result in cancer through activation of the mutated proteins. So, many methods have been introduced to predict this group of genes. These are mostly computational methods based on the number of mutations of each gene. Recently, some network-based methods have been proposed to predict Cancer Driver Genes (CDGs). In this study, we use a network-based approach and relative importance of each gene in the propagation and absorption of genes anomalies in the network to recognize CDGs. The experimental results are compared with 19 previous methods that show our proposed algorithm is better than the others in terms of accuracy, precision, and the number of recognized CDGs.
Euricania Melichar 1898
Creators: name: Xu, Chang-Qing
name: Liang, Ai-Ping
name: Jiang, Guo-Mei
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Ricaniidae
Euricania

description: Key to species of Euricania from China
 1. Tegmina without transverse fasciae (Fig. 29).. E. clara Kato
– Tegmina with transverse fasciae (Figs. 3, 16, 42, 55, 68)..... 2
2. Tegmina with ring-shaped fasciae (Figs. 16, 55)................... 3
– Tegmina without ring-shaped fasciae (Figs. 3, 42, 68)....... 4
 3. Male aedeagus with dorsal spinose process longer than half length of phallobase (Fig. 59).................... E. ocellus Walker
 – Male aedeagus with dorsal spinose process shorter than half length of phallobase (Fig. 20)........ E. brevicula, new species
 4. Male aedeagus with dorsal spinose process longer than half length of phallobase (Fig. 46).............. E. longa, new species
 – Male aedeagus with dorsal spinose process shorter than half length of phallobase (Fig. 7, 72).......................................... 5
 5. In profile view, male aedeagus dilated near base (Fig. 74)........................................................... E. xizangensis Chou & Lu
 – In profile view, male aedeagus not dilated near base (Fig. 9).................................................................. E. facialis Melichar
description: Published as part of Xu, Chang-Qing, Liang, Ai-Ping & Jiang, Guo-Mei, 2006, The Genus Euricania Melichar (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) From China, pp. 1-10 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 54 (1) on pages 1-2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507945
The Italian long-term program submitted to the O.E.E.C.
Creators: name: TREMELLONI, R.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: OEEC, Italian economy, unemployment, economic planning, policy
subject: F15, E24, E61

description: The article sums up and comments on the Italian Long-Term Program submitted to the O.E.E.C., showing its specific targets, the premises on which it is based, and the lines to be followed in carrying it out. The author calls attention to the fact that the structural features of the Italian economy create a more difficult situation than that prevailing in the other participating countries. He illustrates the main lines of the economic policies the Government purposes following in the next few years, indicating the targets the plan has in view in their fundamental characteristics and in the several branches of economic activity without disguising the difficulty of coordinating them with the plans of other O.E.E.C. countries. The last part of the article stresses once more the problem of unemployment, on whose solution, in the last resort will depend on the success of the whole program and the possibility of securing a stable and lasting equilibrium. JEL: F15, E24, E61
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 2, N. 8 (1949)
Manipulating intertwined orders in solids with quantum light
Creators: name: Li, Jiajun
name: Eckstein, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intertwined orders exist ubiquitously in strongly correlated electronic systems and lead to intriguing phenomena in quantum materials. In this paper, we explore the unique opportunity of manipulating intertwined orders through entangling electronic states with quantum light. Using a quantum Floquet formalism to study the cavity-mediated interaction, we show the vacuum fluctuations effectively enhance the charge-density-wave correlation, giving rise to a phase with entangled electronic order and photon coherence, with putative superradiant behaviors in the thermodynamic limit. Furthermore, upon injecting even one single photon in the cavity, different orders, including $s$--wave and $η$--paired superconductivity, can be selectively enhanced. Our study suggests a new and generalisable pathway to control intertwined orders and create light-matter entanglement in quantum materials. The mechanism and methodology can be readily generalised to more complicated scenarios.
description: 6 pages + appendix
title: Transcriptional targeting of lentiviral vectors to the erythroblastic progeny of hematopoietic stem cells
Creators: name: Lotti, Francesco
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2003

description: Correction of blood genetic disorders requires permanent gene transfer into self renewing, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), and regulation of transgene expression in specific cell lineages. HIV-derived lentiviral vectors are very effective in transducing rare, non-dividing stem cell populations without altering their long-term repopulation and differentiation capacity. We developed a strategy for transcriptional targeting' of lentiviral vectors based on replacing the viral LTR control elements with cell lineage specific, genomic control elements. An upstream enhancer (HS2) of the erythroidspecific GATA-l gene was cloned in a second-generation lentiviral vector to replace most of the U3 region of the LTR, immediately upstream of the HIV-l promoter. The modified LTR was used to drive the expression of a reporter gene (GFP), while a second gene (~LNGFR) was placed under the control of an internal, constitutive promoter to monitor cell transduction, or immunoselect transduced cells, independently from the expression of the targeted promoter. The vector was used to transduce cell lines, human CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, and murine bone marrow HSCs. Gene expression was analyzed in the differentiated progeny of transduced stem cells in vitro and in vivo, after transplantation into lethally irradiated co-isogenic (for murine cells) or NOD/SCID (for human cells) mice. The transcriptionally targeted HIV LTR allowed very high level of transgene expression specifically in mature erythroblasts, in a tat-independent fashion and with no alteration in titer, infectivity, and genomic stability of the lentiviral vector. Expression from the targeted LTR was higher, better restricted, and showed significantly less position effect variegation than that obtained by the same combination of enhancer/promoter elements placed in the conventional, internal position. Cloning of the woodchuck hepatitis virus post transcriptional regulatory element (WPRE) at a defined position in the targeted vector, allowed selective accumulation of the genomic with respect to the internal RNA transcript, with no loss of cell-type restriction. A critical advantage of this targeting strategy is the use of the spliced, major viral transcript to express a therapeutic gene, and that of an internal, independently regulated promoter to express an additional gene for either cell marking or in vivo selection purposes.
Gauge-Dependent Cosmological "Constant"
Creators: name: Mashhoon, Bahram
name: Wesson, Paul S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When the cosmological constant of spacetime is derived from the 5D induced-matter theory of gravity, we show that a simple gauge transformation changes it to a variable measure of the vacuum which is infinite at the big bang and decays to an astrophysically-acceptable value at late epochs. We outline implications of this for cosmology and galaxy formation.
description: 14 pages, no figures, expanded version to be published in Class. Quantum Grav
Southern Italy
Creators: name: MOLINARI, A.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Southern Italy, economic backwardness, policy, poverty, industrialization, development
subject: O11, O14, O20

description: The article tries to identify the causes of Southern Italy’s economic and civic backwardness, and to indicate possible solutions. The causes, in the author’s opinion, are related to the deficiencies of the economic system of private enterprise and to the absence of a policy for restoring the economic balance, to the growing disparity between resources and population, to the lack of “cumulative” environmental factors: all of which are conditions that tend to perpetuate and aggravate the poverty and inferiority of the South. As a remedy to these problems, the author proposes and develops the idea of the “industrialization” of the South. Such a solution would imply not only an initial stage of large-scale pubic works, but also the elimination of dangerous bottlenecks, the coordination of industrial development with rehabilitation work in other sectors, and the concentration of the remedial activities in limited zones. According to the author, the preliminary and essential conditions for facing the task are: renovated legislation; a single organ provided with power to act and full responsibility for the execution of the reforms; complete inventories of the needs of each region accompanied by specific and graduated plans of action. JEL: O11, O14, O20
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 2, N. 8 (1949)
Italy's state budget
Creators: name: G.E.M., G.E.M.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Italian financial situation, budget, rehabilitation, taxation, public finances, national debt, Italy
subject: H61

description: The article analyses the development of the Italian financial situation in the first three years of this post-war period. After some introductory remarks illustrating the structure of the Italian budget, the author compares the original estimates presented at the opening of each financial year with the final results, so as to stress more especially the difficulties arising from the environmental conditions that have had to be faced in the work of financial rehabilitation. The author then describes the movement of assessed receipts and pledged expenditure, dwelling particularly on the growth of the yield of taxation and on some new items that now appear in the budget, before studying some of the problems arising from the connections between the current budget and the cash account. He then examines the latter from the point of view both of the “budget transactions” and of the Treasury operations, and illustrates the distribution of the charges incurred for covering current payments, classifying all the data on total receipts so as to show the nature of the sources from which they are obtained. The article closes with an examination of the growth of the national debt and of the several items of which it is composed. JEL: H61
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 2, N. 8 (1949)
A Family of Probability Distributions Consistent with the DOZZ Formula: Towards a Conjecture for the Law of 2D GMC
Creators: name: Ostrovsky, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60E07, 60E10, 60D99 (Primary) 81T40, 81T20 (Secondary)

description: A three parameter family of probability distributions is constructed such that its Mellin transform is defined over the same domain as the 2D GMC on the Riemann sphere with three insertion points $(α_1,α_2,α_3)$ and satisfies the DOZZ formula in the sense of Kupiainen (Ann. Math. 191 (2020) 81 -- 166). The probability distributions in the family are defined as products of independent Fyodorov-Bouchaud and powers of Barnes beta distributions of types $(2, 1)$ and $(2, 2).$ In the special case of $α_1+α_2+α_3=2Q$ the constructed probability distribution is shown to be consistent with the known small deviation asymptotic of the 2D GMC laws with everywhere positive curvature.
description: 30 pages, revised version, to appear in PMP
Additional file 1 of Clinical recovery of Macaca fascicularis infected with Plasmodium knowlesi
Creators: name: Peterson, Mariko S.
name: Joyner, Chester J.
name: Brady, Jessica A.
name: Wood, Jennifer S.
name: Cabrera-Mora, Monica
name: Saney, Celia L.
name: Fonseca, Luis L.
name: Cheng, Wayne T.
name: Jiang, Jianlin
name: Lapp, Stacey A.
name: Soderberg, Stephanie R.
name: Nural, Mustafa V.
name: Humphrey, Jay C.
name: Hankus, Allison
name: Machiah, Deepa
name: Karpuzoglu, Ebru
name: DeBarry, Jeremy D.
name: Tirouvanziam, Rabindra
name: Kissinger, Jessica C.
name: Moreno, Alberto
name: Gumber, Sanjeev
name: Voit, Eberhard O.
name: Gutiérrez, Juan B.
name: Cordy, Regina Joice
name: Galinski, Mary R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Macaque Cohort and Experimental Summaries. Details regarding four monkey cohorts involved in the current study are summarised; three of these were experimentally infected with P. knowlesi sporozoites, and one served as control group. The cohorts are listed in the order in which experiments using these animals were performed. These animals and their longitudinal infection designs were part of a systems biology program, with iterative cohort experimentation designed to satisfy the goals of those research programs. §The non-sequential experimental numbering (E07, E33, E34, and E35) reflects the experimental numbers assigned in the MaHPIC Laboratory Information Management System. †Telemetry data were collected in E07 (only), for temperature, blood pressure, heart rate and activity level (Brady et al., manuscript in preparation). Spx is an abbreviation for splenectomy.
title: The April revolution and the contribution of education to changing 'Portuguese realities'
Creators: name: Stoer, Stephen Ronald
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1983

description: The subject of this thesis is educational mobilization in Portugal during the decade of the seventies. Rather than present an exhaustive account of the educational events that took place during the decade, the thesis attempts, firstly, to disentangle the complex web of occurrences in the field of education, and,secondly, ·to present an interpretation of three major educational events and their relationship to the changing nature of the Portuguese state.

Inevitably the crowning event of the decade of the seventies,the April revolution of 1974, comes under considerable scrutiny. This brought to an end the Salazarist regime, which was incapable of coming to terms with the, eventually overwhelming, problem of decolonization. It also marked the beginning of a serious attempt to extend and deepen the effects of the (1971-3) Veiga Sima reform in education, which, in acting as a pivot for debates on the development and modernization of the country, found itself mediating the demands for chance emerging from civil society. This is described in Chapter 2.

Chapters 3 and 4 describe how the April revolution stimulated very far reaching processes of democratization in education, both within the realm of relations of management within the school and in terms of what actually counted as education (that is, its redefinition in the light of the 'rediscovery' of 'Portuguese realities'). The fading of the project that was 'Portugal in transition to socialism', embodied in the process of 'normalization' which characterized the latter years of the decade of the seventies, is approached and assessed, in Chapter 5, through a study of the intervention of the World Bank in Portuguese higher education.
Temperature of a trapped unitary Fermi gas at finite entropy
Creators: name: Hu, Hui
name: Liu, Xia-Ji
name: Drummond, Peter D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present theoretical predictions for the equation of state of a harmonically-trapped Fermi gas in the unitary limit. Our calculations rest on a study of the equation of state of a uniform gas using three distinct perturbation schemes, compared to Monte-Carlo results. We show that in experiments the temperature can be usefully calibrated by making use of the entropy, which is invariant during an adiabatic conversion into the weakly-interacting limit of molecular BEC. We predict the entropy dependence of the equation of state.
description: 5 pages, and 4 figures; Published version in Phys. Rev. A
The concept of a dollar shortage
Creators: name: BALOGH, T.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disequilibrium, economic integration, Europe, US, trade, adjustment
subject: F36, F10, F31

description: The article is the first of two in which the author discusses the basic problems arising from the large-scale disequilibrium in the economic relations between the European countries and the United States, and reasserts the need - if a sound and equitable readjustment is to be attained - of a strict policy of economic planning, the discriminatory unification of Western Europe as an economic unit and the planned expansion of European trade with the rest of the world. The author thus takes up a position which is somewhat extreme, meeting with marked opposition not only in American circles and in Europe - which is now tending towards the liberalisation of her economy - but even in Great Britain itself. The complexity of the proposed system of controls and their incessant manipulation and adjustment to the changing requirements of the economic trend may well give rise to serious doubts, which the author is himself aware of, especially in some European countries which have experienced the serious results of administrative clumsiness and inefficiency. JEL: F36, F10, F31
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 2, N. 9 (1949)
The dilemma of the O.E.E.C.
Creators: name: PAPI, G.U.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Commercial policy, trade, OEEC, Europe, US JEL: F15
subject: F15

description: The article sets forth the two alternate commercial policies between which the European countries must now choose, one aiming at self-sufficiency, the other at intensifying trade between the dollar area and the rest of the world. The first of these solutions would allow a momentary saving of dollars, but would entail the autarkic development of the several national productions, with sacrifices beyond the possibilities of the convalescent European economies. In giving reasons in support of the second alternative, the author defines the responsibilities of the participating countries and more especially of the United States in carrying out this policy and points out that the development of depressed areas in and out of Europe with American help might be decisive in “getting the wheel over the centre”. JEL: F15
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 2, N. 9 (1949)
Correlation between kinetic fragility and Poisson's ratio from analysis of data for soft colloids
Creators: name: Mondal, Arijit
name: Premkumar, Leishangthem
name: Das, Shankar P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the link between fragility and elasticity that follows from analysis of the data for a set of soft-colloid materials consisting of deformable spheres reported by Mattsson et. al., in Nature vol 462, 83 (2009). Fragility index for a soft-colloid is obtained from the density dependence of the long time relaxation near a so-called glass transition point. In addition, we fit data for the high frequency shear modulus for the respective soft-colloid to a corresponding theoretical expression for the same modulus. This expression for the elastic constant is in terms of the corresponding pair correlation function for the liquid treated as of uniform density. The pair correlation function is adjusted through a proper choice of the parameters for the two body interaction potential for the respective soft-colloid material. The nature of correlation between the fragility and Poisson ratio observed for the soft colloids is qualitatively different, as compared to the same for molecular glasses. The observed link between fragility of a metastable liquid and its elastic coefficients is a manifestation of the effects of structure of the fluid on its dynamics.
description: 30 pages, 10 figures
Experimental study of non-Newtonian displacement flows in vertical eccentric annuli
Creators: name: Storey, Stefan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The main focus of this work is to experimentally analyze displacement flows in vertical eccentric annuli. The experiment models the industrial process of oil well cementing and examines interface dynamics during the process of fluid displacement. Interface dynamics are described phenomenologically in terms of three broad classifications, namely steady, unsteady and static. Experiments were devised to simulate all three interface types and the results are used to analyse the displacement flows in terms of displacement kinematics and also in terms of displacement efficiency. Specifically, three main fluids are are investigated. Xanthan and Carbopol® solutions are used to simulate cement and drilling muds, and glycerin is used as an experimental control. The interface dynamics are captured by a simple optical technique and the images post-processed to ascertain interface speed and elongation and displacement efficiency. The results are compared to numerical predictions computed using a 1-D lubrication model. We conclude with a discussion on the significance of results achieved in this work together with relative merits and limitations of the experimental technique
1s2s2p23d 6L - 1s2p33d 6D, L=F, D, P Transitions in O IV, F V and Ne VI
Creators: name: Lin, Bin
name: Berry, H. Gordon
name: Shibata, Tomohiro
name: Livingston, A. Eugene
name: Garnir, Henri-Pierre
name: Bastin, Thierry
name: Desesquelles, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations of VUV transitions between doubly excited sextet states in O IV, F V and Ne VI. Spectra were produced by collisions of an O+ beam with a solid carbon target. We also studied spectra obtained previously of F V and Ne VI. Some observed lines were assigned to the 1s2s2p23d 6L - 1s2p33d 6D, L=F, D, P electric-dipole transitions, and compared with results of MCHF (with QED and higher-order corrections) and MCDF calculations. 42 new lines have been identified. Highly excited sextet states in five-electron ions provide a new form of energy storage and are possible candidates for VUV and x-ray lasers.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures
title: Paper and printed paper surface characteristics studied using an optical method
Creators: name: Sananpanichkul, Wanna
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1993

description: A non-contact optical method for evaluating surface characteristics is reviewed. The optical reflectance instrument has been improved to be able to evaluate printed surfaces. Experiments were conducted with solid prints prepared on two types of papers printed with a heatset yellow ink. Both paper surfaces and printed surfaces are characterized into two regions: above the surface plane resulting in macrosmoothness (Sm) and below the surface plane resulting in microsmoothness (Su). For a better understanding of such optical print smoothness, a printed surface model is proposed based on Barkas' classical model. It is generally known that the qualities of a print are determined by the materials and their interactions in the process, therefore the formation of printed surface characteristics has been discussed in relation to ink and paper interaction. Print smoothness is influenced by the uncompressed paper roughness and porosity, which determine the degree of ink penetration and ink distribution on the surface.

Offset lithographic printing has been the most widely used printing process, printing onto paper substrates. To achieve good press performance and high quality prints, the ink has to emulsify a certain amount of fountain solution; maintenance of this ink and water balance is, therefore, very important. The effects of fountain solution emulsified in the ink on print smoothness wp-re investigated. A range, of varying amounts of fountain solutions, was emulsified in a heatset yellow ink using a high speed laboratory mixer; these 'emulsion inks' were printed as soon as possible after preparation. It was found that the print smoothness in macro regions, for both uncoated and coated papers, decreased significantly. In addition, an unpigmented ink system was employed to verify the role and the effects of pigment in the emulsification mechanism on print smoothness. The results indicated that pigment is the dominant contributor, to a smoothness decrease; and the pigment effect arises from the amount of fountain solution emulsified in the ink.

It has become important to measure print quality directly and quantitatively in the developments of ink, paper and printing technologies. This method makes it possible to measure print smoothness as a criterion for print quality.
The valutation of commodieties for direct consumption
Creators: name: GINI, C.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: National income, methodology, price index, commodities, consumption, calculation
subject: E01, E21, E31

description: The brief note makes a contribution to the methodology to be used in calculating the national income. The author shows that there is no alternative choice between the several price index numbers with which to value the commodities consumed by the producer himself. The difficulties involved in the valuation are indeed solved by making a simple analysis of structure of the price general index number. The solution therefore comes spontaneously, and this index number is proposed as the only possible one to be used in making the calculation. JEL: E01, E21, E31
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 2, N. 9 (1949)
Pair Production and Gravity as the Weakest Force
Creators: name: Gonzalo, Eduardo
name: Ibáñez, Luis E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC) is usually formulated in terms of the stability of extremal black-holes or in terms of long distance Coulomb/Newton potentials. However one can think of other physical processes to compare the relative strength of gravity versus other forces. We argue for an alternative formulation in terms of particle pair production at threshold or, equivalently, pair annihilation at rest. Imposing that the production rate by any force mediator (photon or scalar) of pairs of charged particles be larger or equal to graviton production, we recover known conditions for the $U(1)$ WGC and its extensions. Unlike other formulations though, threshold pair production is sensitive to short range couplings present in scalar interactions and gives rise to a Scalar WGC. Application to moduli scalars gives rise to specific conditions on the trilinear and quartic couplings which involve first and second derivatives of the WGC particle mass with respect to the moduli. Some extremal solutions to these equations correspond to massive states behaving like BPS, KK and winding states which feature duality invariance and are in agreement with the Swampland distance conjecture. Conditions for $N=2$ BPS states saturate our bounds and we discuss specific examples of BPS states which become massless at large Kahler moduli in Type IIA N=2, D=4 CY and orbifold compactifications. We study possible implications for potentials depending on moduli only through WGC massive states. For some simple classes of potentials one recovers constraints somewhat similar but not equivalent to a Swampland dS conjecture.
description: Diagrammatic derivation of the Strong Scalar PPWGC included in section 5. Minor corrections
Additional file 2 of Clinical recovery of Macaca fascicularis infected with Plasmodium knowlesi
Creators: name: Peterson, Mariko S.
name: Joyner, Chester J.
name: Brady, Jessica A.
name: Wood, Jennifer S.
name: Cabrera-Mora, Monica
name: Saney, Celia L.
name: Fonseca, Luis L.
name: Cheng, Wayne T.
name: Jiang, Jianlin
name: Lapp, Stacey A.
name: Soderberg, Stephanie R.
name: Nural, Mustafa V.
name: Humphrey, Jay C.
name: Hankus, Allison
name: Machiah, Deepa
name: Karpuzoglu, Ebru
name: DeBarry, Jeremy D.
name: Tirouvanziam, Rabindra
name: Kissinger, Jessica C.
name: Moreno, Alberto
name: Gumber, Sanjeev
name: Voit, Eberhard O.
name: Gutiérrez, Juan B.
name: Cordy, Regina Joice
name: Galinski, Mary R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Histopathology scores for P. knowlesi-infected kra monkeys. The kra monkey codes shaded with PINK (n = 4) represent animals sacrificed during an acute phase of the infection, and the codes shaded with GREY (n = 12) represent animals sacrificed during a chronic phase of infection. The experimental number for each coded animal is also shown: E07, E33, or E35. Nineteen tissues were examined by a veterinary pathologist and scored semi-quantitatively in the categories above. Spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow were not scored because the changes were deemed to be physiological reactions to infection and/or anaemia. The following tissues were examined for histopathological changes, but omitted from this table because no changes were found: aorta, adrenal gland, cerebrum, cerebellum, eye, midbrain, muscle, skin, testis, thymus, and omentum. These tissues were assigned a score of zero for modeling purposes. Semi-quantitative scores are presented as a heatmap to visually represent severity, with 0 being no changes or damage, and 4 being diffuse changes. Organs were scored in several categories, including inflammation, oedema, crypt inflammation (for the gastrointestinal organs), necrosis, haemorrhage, hyperplasia (including alveolar wall thickening/interstitial hyperplasia, for the lungs, Kupffer cell hyperplasia in the liver, and glomerular hyperplasia for the kidneys), fibrosis, vasculitis, and tubular degeneration (for kidneys). The histopathology categories shown reflect the range of pathologies noted, whether for one or multiple monkeys.
Cubatic phase for tetrapods
Creators: name: Blaak, Ronald
name: Mulder, Bela M.
name: Frenkel, Daan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the phase behavior of tetrapods, hard non-convex bodies formed by 4 rods connected under tetrahedral angles. We predict that, depending on the relative lengths of the rods these particles can form a uniaxial nematic phase, and more surprisingly they can exhibit a cubatic phase, a special case of the biaxial nematic phase. These predictions may be experimentally testable, as experimental realizations of tetrapods have recently become available.
description: 8 pages ReVTeX 4, including 3 EPS figures
title: Coping effectiveness training for people with spinal cord injury
Creators: name: King, Charles Albert
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1997

description: This project describes the development. implementation and evaluation of a new psychological intervention for improving psychological adjustment and enhancing adaptive coping following spinal cord injury. The Coping Effectiveness Training programme developed is a group-based seven session long intervention. It is grounded on the cognitive theory of stress and coping developed by Lazarus and Folkman (1984) and represents an original adaptation of the theory to the needs of this client group. The intervention was successfully implemented as part of the rehabilitation programme of a national spinal injury centre. Proactive strategies were necessary to establish the essential good collaboration with other rehabilitation staff and ensure good patient participation in the groups.

A non-randomised controlled trial was used to evaluate the intervention, using nineteen participants from three Coping Effectiveness Training groups and nineteen carefully matched controls selected from the database of a previous study (Kennedy, 1995). Participants who attended the groups showed significantly greater reductions in levels of depression and anxiety compared to matched controls immediately after the intervention and at six weeks follow-up. indicating that the intervention had facilitated a significant improvement in participants' psychological adjustment to spinal cord injury. A trend towards a significant improvement in participants' self-concept was also found over the observation period. However. there was no evidence of significant changes in the coping strategies used by participants who attended the groups compared to matched controls. with the exception of the 'Acceptance' coping strategy. Most participants said the groups had been helpful in making the consequences of the injury more manageable, with the interaction with other group participants being highlighted as the most beneficial aspect of the intervention. It is proposed that the improvements made in psychological adjustment can be understood in terms of changes in participants' beliefs about the implications of spinal cord injury and about the coping skills needed to be able to continue living meaningful and satisfying lives.
News from the IERS
Creators: name: Thaller, Daniela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: IERS
Directing Board
IERS Technical Notes
ITRF2020 update
DOI for Annual Reports

description: Latest developments within the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) related to structure (new working groups), Directing Board members, publications (Technical Notes and Annual Reports), defining DOIs
Decoherence in LOFAR-VLBI Beamforming
Creators: name: Bonnassieux, E.
name: Edge, A.
name: Morabito, L.
name: Bonafede, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the use of a superstation (a phased array created using multiple stations of an interferometric array) created in post-processing for LOFAR-VLBI observations introduces a direction-dependent loss of signal in the image. We show this effect using simulations and real data. Using the RIME formalism, we characterise it fully, and give limits under which this signal loss is negligible. Finally, we show that we are able to fully predict this effect. We close with guidelines for interferometric observers to avoid this effect in their observations, and a discussion of techniques which could limit this effect or do away with it entirely. The latter in particular will be relevant to the SKA should its long baselines be used to their fullest potential.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Dust extinction and absorption: the challenge of porous grains
Creators: name: Voshchinnikov, N. V.
name: Il'in, V. B.
name: Henning, Th.
name: Dubkova, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In many models of dusty objects in space the grains are assumed to be composite or fluffy. However, the computation of the optical properties of such particles is still a very difficult problem. We analyze how the increase of grain porosity influences basic features of cosmic dust -- interstellar extinction, dust temperature, infrared bands and millimeter opacity. Porous grains can reproduce the flat extinction across the $3 - 8 \mkm$ wavelength range measured for several lines of sight by {\it ISO} and {\it Spitzer}. Porous grains are generally cooler than compact grains. At the same time, the temperature of very porous grains becomes slightly larger in the case of the EMT-Mie calculations in comparison with the results found from the layered-sphere model. The layered-sphere model predicts a broadening of infrared bands and a shift of the peak position to larger wavelengths as porosity grows. In the case of the EMT-Mie model variations of the feature profile are less significant. It is also shown that the millimeter mass absorption coefficients grow as porosity increases with a faster growth occurring for particles with Rayleigh/non-Rayleigh inclusions. As a result, for very porous particles the coefficients given by two models can differ by a factor of about 3. It is found that an increase of porosity leads to an increase of extinction cross sections at some wavelengths and a decrease at others depending on the grain model. However, this behaviour is sufficient to reproduce the extinction curve in the direction of the star $σ$ Sco using current solar abundances. In the case of the star $ζ$ Oph our model requires larger amounts of carbon and iron in the dust-phase than is available.
description: Astronomy and Astrophysics (accepted; 11 pages, 11 figures)
Independent Coverings and Orthogonal Colourings
Creators: name: MacKeigan, Kyle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C05

description: In this paper, two open conjectures are disproved. One conjecture regards independent coverings of sparse partite graphs, whereas the other conjecture regards orthogonal colourings of tree graphs. A relation between independent coverings and orthogonal colourings is established. This relation is applied to find independent coverings of some sparse partite graphs. Additionally, a degree condition providing the existence of an independent covering in the case where the graph has a square number of vertices is found.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Casimir effect of a Lorentz-violating scalar in magnetic field
Creators: name: Erdas, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper I study the Casimir effect caused by a charged and massive scalar field that breaks Lorentz invariance in a CPT-even, aether-like manner. I investigate the case of a scalar field that satisfies Dirichlet or mixed (Dirichlet-Neumann) boundary conditions on a pair of very large plane parallel plates. The case of Neumann boundary conditions is straightforward and will not be examined in detail. I use the $ζ$-function regularization technique to study the effect of a constant magnetic field, orthogonal to the plates, on the Casimir energy and pressure. I investigate the cases of a timelike Lorentz asymmetry, a spacelike Lorentz asymmetry in the direction perpendicular to the plates, and a spacelike asymmetry in the plane of the plates and, in all those cases, derive simple analytic expressions for the zeta function, Casimir energy and pressure in the limits of small plate distance, strong magnetic field and large scalar field mass. I discover that the Casimir energy and pressure, and their magnetic corrections, all strongly depend on the direction of the unit vector that implements the breaking of the Lorentz symmetry.
description: 10 pages, no figures
Balance-sheet of the first year of the E.R.P. in Italy
Creators: name: COSMO, G.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: ERP, Italy, evaluation, comparison, disequilibrium, unemployment, international cooperation, emigration, Marshal Plan
subject: E24, E65

description: The article sums up the fundamental data relating to the implementation of the ERP in Italy, pointing out the differences with developments in other countries, the characteristic features and the significance of the help received, the formation and utilisation of the Counterpart Lira Fund. The general comments with which the author accompanies his survey sum up what may be called a communis opinio, which is that the ERP has been and is of basic importance for Italian productive activities, but that it can hardly suffice to remedy within 1953 the very serious disequilibrium of the Italian economy caused by the exceptional and chronic unemployment. Italy must therefore insist on the need of fuller international cooperation and of a joint international effort aiming at facilitating mass emigration. Perhaps ERP itself has not given in the first year of its application all the results that might have been secured. This is due to the obstacles and delays in its application, caused partly by procedural hindrances and partly by credit stringency on the Italian market which often makes uneasy the absorption of the grants for domestic concerns. JEL: E24, E65
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 2, N. 9 (1949)
Cultivating Reciprocity
Creators: name: Rashidi, Sheyda
Publisher: name: Emily Carr University of Art and Design
Year: 2023
Subjects: System design
Mutualism
Reciprocity (Psychology)

description: Cultivating Reciprocity explores the possibility of applying mutualistic interactions, like those prevalent in natural systems (e.g. clownfish and anemones), to social systems. It is a proposal in response to the individualistic and competitive mindsets that prioritize individual gain over collective well-being. This thesis proposes a two-faceted framework to design for reciprocal interactions in service design and social innovation projects. The reflective and holistic dimensions of this framework seek to enable interconnected relationships among humans and more-than-humans at three scales: Individual, Community, and Social Systems. The work has been conducted through a number of collaborative projects with the Roots Union Community Garden and the Circular Food Innovation Lab as well as auto-ethnographic reflection. Cultivating Reciprocity proposes an approach for designing reciprocal interactions to prioritize collective interests and establish win-win scenarios within systemic design projects.
description: Reciprocity
description: Service design
Localization transition on complex networks via spectral statistics
Creators: name: Sade, M.
name: Kalisky, T.
name: Havlin, S.
name: Berkovits, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectral statistics of complex networks are numerically studied. The features of the Anderson metal-insulator transition are found to be similar for a wide range of different networks. A metal-insulator transition as a function of the disorder can be observed for different classes of complex networks for which the average connectivity is small. The critical index of the transition corresponds to the mean field expectation. When the connectivity is higher, the amount of disorder needed to reach a certain degree of localization is proportional to the average connectivity, though a precise transition cannot be identified. The absence of a clear transition at high connectivity is probably due to the very compact structure of the highly connected networks, resulting in a small diameter even for a large number of sites.
description: 6 pages, expanded introduction and referencess (to appear in PRE)