cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Turbulence spectra in the atmospheric boundary layer over the sea
Creators: name: Pond, Stephen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The work carried out for this thesis forms part of a program to study air-sea interaction processes which has been under way at the Institute of Oceanography of the University of British Columbia during the past four years. Measurements of the spectra of fluctuations of the velocity, temperature, and quantities related to the total rate of dissipation of kinetic energy were made in the air just above the sea surface, Particular attention was focused on the high wave number region of the spectra for which there are predictions for the spectral forms from the theory of turbulence. The measurements of the velocity fluctuations were made with hot-wire anemometers of the constant current type. The temperature fluctuations were measured with a platinum resistance thermometer consisting of a platinum wire 2.5 microns in diameter and about 2mm long. The fluctuations of the quantities related to the dissipation rate were obtained from the velocity fluctuations using an analog computer to perform the necessary operations. The spectral analyses were performed by analog techniques. The measured velocity spectra, when normalized in the required was showed excellent agreement with the measurements of other investigators who worked in different flow fields. The experimental evidence now available provides very strong support for the Kolmogoroff contention that there exists a universal form to the high wave number part of the spectrum of high Reynolds number turbulence. This universal form might be expected to be affected by the observed intermittency of the turbulence. However, such effects, if they exist, must be smaller than the observed experimental scatter of 10 to 15%. The spectrum of the temperature fluctuations shows good agreement with the predictions, obtained from arguments similar to the Kolmogoroff ones for the velocity spectrum, over the rather limited wave number range which it was possible to investigate. The wave number spectra of the fluctuations of the quantities related to the dissipation rate agree with the predictions of Novikov and Stewart (19 64) that these spectra should have a power law form in the inertial subrange with the power of the wave number lying between 0 and -1. One of the requirements for the validity of their prediction is that the flatness factor for the velocity fluctuations and their spatial derivatives should be very much larger than the flatness factor for a Gaussian random variable. The few measurements which were made of flatness factors showed that this requirement is very well satisfied.
Magnetized massive stars as magnetar progenitors
Creators: name: Hu, Ren-Yu
name: Lou, Yu-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of ultra-intense magnetic fields on magnetars is a mystery in modern astrophysics. We model the core collapse dynamics of massive progenitor stars with high surface magnetic fields in the theoretical framework of a self-similar general polytropic magnetofluid under the self-gravity with a quasi-spherical symmetry. With the specification of physical parameters such as mass density, temperature, magnetic field and wind mass loss rate on the progenitor stellar surface and the consideration of a rebound shock breaking through the stellar interior and envelope, we find a remnant compact object (i.e. neutron star) left behind at the centre with a radius of $\sim 10^6$ cm and a mass range of $\sim 1-3$ solar masses. Moreover, we find that surface magnetic fields of such kind of compact objects can be $\sim 10^{14}-10^{15}$ G, consistent with those inferred for magnetars which include soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) and anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs). The magnetic field enhancement factor critically depends on the self-similar scaling index $n$, which also determines the initial density distribution of the massive progenitor. We propose that magnetized massive stars as magnetar progenitors based on the magnetohydrodynamic evolution of the gravitational core collapse and rebound shock. Our physical mechanism, which does not necessarily require ad hoc dynamo amplification within a fast spinning neutron star, favours the `fossil field' scenario of forming magnetars from the strongly magnetized core collapse inside massive progenitor stars. With a range of surface magnetic field strengths over massive progenitor stars, our scenario allows a continuum of magnetic field strengths from pulsars to magnetars.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
title: The Measurement of Physical Properties of Field Soil
Creators: name: Sloat, Wilbur
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1957

description: Since the beginning of soil tilled agriculture, there have been many controversies as to the proper kinds and amounts of soil tillage required to establish and produce a crop. These controversies have ranged far and wide between farmers, extension service personnel, agricultural specialists, in fact almost every person connected with agriculture has his own unique concept of what constitutes proper tillage. The concepts vary widely from a no tillage program, for certain perennial row crops, to the extreme dust mulch program.
Estimating the evolution and the content fractions of baryonic gas for Luminous Infrared Galaxies
Creators: name: Najm, M. N. Al
name: Abdullah, Ahmed H.
name: Rashed, Y. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Luminous Infrared Galaxies (LIRGs) play a crucial role in understanding of galaxy evolution. The present study examined 82 LIRGs, using data taken from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), and HyperLEDA to explore their gas fractions and optical properties. The analysis of data highlights the relationship between molecular-to-atomic mass of hydrogen gas ratio MH2/MH1 and morphological types, gas mass fractions, and galaxy characteristics such as color and luminosity. The results showed that the regressions between Mdust - M*,V and Mdust - SFR are not quite flat (when correlation coefficient > 0.5), which indicates a decrease in the dust-to-stellar content ratio as the gas is consumed and transformed into stars, and also a relatively flat trend for M dust - M*,V and fdust,bar - M*,V. Moreover, as the star mass declines, the total gas mass fraction (fgas) increases quickly, with a high negative correlation coefficient of - 0.7 and a regression of - 0.85. Therefore, it can be inferred that galaxies with a high gas fraction (fgas) are either accreting gas at a rate sufficient to meet their energy requirements for star formation or converting gas into stars less effectively. According to the findings, the gas exhaustion time in these galaxies quickly reduces as the stellar mass increases, with a significant negative correlation coefficient of - 0.7 and a regression that is a nearly linear regression of - 0.9. On the other hand, when the baryonic gas mass fraction grows, which makes up the majority of the baryonic gas, grows, the gas depletion time increases quickly.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 31 questions, 3 Tables, Accepted 2024 December 18. Received 2024 December 17; in original form 2024 August 10
Invariant Theory for the free left-regular band and a q-analogue
Creators: name: Brauner, Sarah
name: Commins, Patricia
name: Reiner, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E10, 16W22, 60J10

description: We examine from an invariant theory viewpoint the monoid algebras for two monoids having large symmetry groups. The first monoid is the free left-regular band on $n$ letters, defined on the set of all injective words, that is, the words with at most one occurrence of each letter. This monoid carries the action of the symmetric group. The second monoid is one of its $q$-analogues, considered by K. Brown, carrying an action of the finite general linear group. In both cases, we show that the invariant subalgebras are semisimple commutative algebras, and characterize them using Stirling and $q$-Stirling numbers. We then use results from the theory of random walks and random-to-top shuffling to decompose the entire monoid algebra into irreducibles, simultaneously as a module over the invariant ring and as a group representation. Our irreducible decompositions are described in terms of derangement symmetric functions introduced by Désarménien and Wachs.
description: final version, to appear in the Pacific Journal of Mathematics
title: Children's Experience of Parental Divorce Disclosure: A Look at Intrafamiliar Differences
Creators: name: Westberg, Heather
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2000

description: This study explores one aspect of the divorce process, divorce disclosure, to learn more about adult children's perceptions of that experience. Research questions examined participants' perceptions of how they were informed of their parents' divorce, their reactions to the news, and also how they would have preferred to have been told. Within this framework, the study additionally looks at similarities and differences between the experiences of siblings. Twenty siblings from eight different families were interviewed.
The most significant findings were that divorce disclosure occurred most often with only one parent present with most participants being informed in a manner different than their siblings. Furthermore, initial reactions to the news were related to the perception of conditions being relatively better or worse after the divorce, and although participants had clear preferences for divorce disclosure, they questioned whether those preferences would have been possible with their parents.
Exclusive $B_s$ decays to the charmed mesons $D_s^+(1968,2317)$ in the standard model
Creators: name: Li, Run-Hui
name: Lu, Cai-Dian
name: Wang, Yu-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transition form factors of $\bar B_s^0\to D_{s}^+(2317)$ and $\bar B_s^0\to D_s^+(1968)$ at large recoil region are investigated in the light cone sum rules approach, where the heavy quark effective theory is adopted to describe the form factors at small recoil region. With the form factors obtained, we carry out a detailed analysis on both the semileptonic decays $\bar B_s^0\to D_s^+(1968,2317) l \barν_l$ and nonleptonic decays $B_s \to D_s^+(1968,2317) M$ with $M$ being a light meson or a charmed meson under the factorization approach. Our results show that the branching fraction of $\bar B_s^0\to D_s^+(2317) μ\barν_μ$ is around $2.3 \times 10^{-3}$, which should be detectable with ease at the Tevatron and LHC. It is also found that the branching fractions of $\bar B_s^0\to D_s^+(1968) l \barν_l$ are almost one order larger than those of the corresponding $B_s^0\to D_s^+(2317) l \barν_l$ decays. The consistency of predictions for $B_s \to D_s^+(1968,2317) L$ ($L$ denotes a light meson) in the factorization assumption and $k_T$ factorization also supports the success of color transparency mechanism in the color allowed decay modes. Most two-charmed meson decays of $B_s$ meson possess quite large branching ratios that are accessible in the experiments. These channels are of great importance to explore the hadronic structure of charmed mesons as well as the nonperturbative dynamics of QCD.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures
A Flat-Spectrum Radio Transient at 122 Mpc consistent with an Emerging Pulsar Wind Nebula
Creators: name: Dong, Dillon
name: Hallinan, Gregg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery and follow-up observations of VT 1137-0337: an unusual radio transient found in our systematic search for extragalactic explosions in the VLA Sky Survey (VLASS). VT 1137-0337 is located in the brightest region of a dwarf starburst galaxy (stellar mass $\sim 10^{8.3} M_{\odot}$, star formation rate $\sim 0.5 M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$) at a luminosity distance of 121.6 Mpc. Its 3 GHz luminosity of $\sim 2.5 \times 10^{28}$ erg s$^{-1}$ Hz$^{-1}$ is comparable to luminous radio supernovae associated with dense circumstellar interaction and relativistic outflows. However, its broadband radio spectrum - a featureless power law $\propto ν^{-0.35 \pm 0.02}$ over a range of $\gtrsim$10$\times$ in frequency and fading at a rate of $\sim$ 5% per year over 4 years - cannot be directly explained by the shock of a stellar explosion. Jets launched by various classes of accreting black holes also struggle to account for VT 1137-0337's combination of observational properties. Instead, we propose that VT 1137-0337 is a $\sim$decades old pulsar wind nebula that has recently emerged from within the free-free opacity of its surrounding supernova ejecta. If the nebula is powered by spindown, the central neutron star should be highly magnetized, with a surface dipole field of $\sim 10^{13} - 10^{14}$ G and a present-day spin period of $\sim 10 - 100$ ms. Alternatively, the nebula may be powered by the release of magnetic energy from a magnetar. Magnetar nebulae have been proposed to explain the persistent radio sources associated with the repeating fast radio bursts FRB 121102 and FRB 190520B. These FRB persistent sources have not previously been observed as transients, but do bear a striking resemblance to VT 1137-0337 in their radio luminosity, spectral index, and host galaxy properties.
description: Updated to version accepted by ApJ (minor updates to text & fig. 9)
Enhancing Deliberativeness: Evaluating the Impact of Multimodal Reflection Nudges
Creators: name: Yeo, ShunYi
name: Jiang, Zhuoqun
name: Tang, Anthony
name: Perrault, Simon Tangi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Nudging participants with text-based reflective nudges enhances deliberation quality on online deliberation platforms. The effectiveness of multimodal reflective nudges, however, remains largely unexplored. Given the multi-sensory nature of human perception, incorporating diverse modalities into self-reflection mechanisms has the potential to better support various reflective styles. This paper explores how presenting reflective nudges of different types (direct: persona and indirect: storytelling) in different modalities (text, image, video and audio) affects deliberation quality. We conducted two user studies with 20 and 200 participants respectively. The first study identifies the preferred modality for each type of reflective nudges, revealing that text is most preferred for persona and video is most preferred for storytelling. The second study assesses the impact of these modalities on deliberation quality. Our findings reveal distinct effects associated with each modality, providing valuable insights for developing more inclusive and effective online deliberation platforms.
description: CHI 2025
title: Perceived Family Relationships Associated with Coming Out of Mormon Male Homosexuals
Creators: name: Benson, Brad
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2001

description: This study is one of the first to include data from both male homosexuals and their family members to investigate disclosure of sexual orientation. Being homosexual in U.S. society can be particularly traumatic for males because strong pressures oppose the violation of masculine gender norms. Being homosexual and Mormon has unique complications. Reactions from the Mormon community toward individuals of homosexual orientation is defined by prevailing attitudes toward homosexuality, which are largely based on existing theories of etiology, attribution of etiology, and the religious and cultural beliefs extant in the community. The role of family relationships in the coming out process for Mormon male homosexuals contributed important information towards understanding their development.
As a particular example of families facing homosexuality, this qualitative study explored family characteristics reported by a sample of male homosexuals who were raised in Mormon families. Relying on reports from both homosexual males and their family members, these data inform how the coming out process is influenced by, and influences, family relationships, and expand knowledge about how family relations and culture influence development.
Findings showed that attitudes prevalent within family, church, and community influenced Mormon male homosexuals' decisions to come out. Religious influences on Mormon homosexuals and their family members had an inhibitory effect on the disclosure of sexual orientation and subsequent support and communication within family relationships. Expectations of negative response increased silence among Mormon male homosexuals about their sexual orientation and resulted in alienation from both church and family.
Mormon male homosexuals most wanted their family members to accept them and withhold judgment. They hoped for increased dialogue and understanding. Parents were typically distressed by the disclosure, with fathers having a stronger reaction than mothers. Relationships were strained in terms of family contact and communication. Family members who made efforts to gain information and understand the homosexual son were perceived as more supportive. Implications of how families and Church leaders can insulate the homosexual son from adverse social response and provide needed support are discussed.
title: Combining Field Fertilizer Trials with Soil Tests in an Effort to Obtain the Most Suitable Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorous Tests for Southern Alberta
Creators: name: Haniuk, Einard
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1957

description: Under dryland farming operations, the use of fertilizers is often restricted due to limited crop response arising from limited seasonal moisture. Once this dryland area is brought under irrigation, there is increased use of fertilizers and increased demands for greater exactness in amounts of fertilizers to apply, due to efforts which are made to increase the returns from the land by introduction of new farming techniques and crops.
Circuits of space and time quantum channels
Creators: name: Kos, Pavel
name: Styliaris, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exact solutions in interacting many-body systems are scarce but extremely valuable since they provide insights into the dynamics. Dual-unitary models are examples in one spatial dimension where this is possible. These brick-wall quantum circuits consist of local gates, which remain unitary not only in time, but also when interpreted as evolutions along the spatial directions. However, this setting of unitary dynamics does not directly apply to real-world systems due to their imperfect isolation, and it is thus imperative to consider the impact of noise to dual-unitary dynamics and its exact solvability. In this work we generalise the ideas of dual-unitarity to obtain exact solutions in noisy quantum circuits, where each unitary gate is substituted by a local quantum channel. Exact solutions are obtained by demanding that the noisy gates yield a valid quantum channel not only in time, but also when interpreted as evolutions along one or both of the spatial directions and possibly backwards in time. This gives rise to new families of models that satisfy different combinations of unitality constraints along the space and time directions. We provide exact solutions for the spatio-temporal correlation functions, spatial correlations after a quantum quench, and the structure of steady states for these families of models. We show that noise unbiased around the dual-unitary family leads to exactly solvable models, even if dual-unitarity is strongly violated. We prove that any channel unital in both space and time directions can be written as an affine combination of a particular class of dual-unitary gates. Finally, we extend the definition of solvable initial states to matrix-product density operators. We completely classify them when their tensor admits a local purification.
description: v4: Accepted for publication in Quantum
A one-dimensional dipole lattice model for water in narrow nanopores
Creators: name: Köfinger, Jürgen
name: Hummer, Gerhard
name: Dellago, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a recently developed one-dimensional dipole lattice model that accurately captures the key properties of water in narrow nanopores. For this model, we derive three equivalent representations of the Hamiltonian that together yield a transparent physical picture of the energetics of the water chain and permit efficient computer simulations. In the charge representation, the Hamiltonian consists of nearest-neighbor interactions and Coulomb-like interactions of effective charges at the ends of dipole ordered segments. Approximations based on the charge picture shed light on the influence of the Coulomb-like interactions on the structure of nanopore water. We use Monte Carlo simulations to study the system behavior of the full Hamiltonian and its approximations as a function of chemical potential and system size and investigate the bimodal character of the density distribution occurring at small system sizes.
title: Lincoln Elementary School Needs Assessment Follow-Up: Examining a Community-Based Intervention
Creators: name: Dunkley, Gregory J
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2002

description: This study explored and expanded a model of community intervention that proposes researcher, practitioner, and community member unification to produce communitywide programs used to improve society. The data were obtained from the community members of Hyrum, Utah, who participated in a needs assessment and then a follow-up survey, which began an examination and refinement process of the city's community programs. Research questions addressed the impact of the community programs in the areas of community safety, cultural relations, and family involvement.
The data suggested that after one year of program implementation, the follow-up study participants perceived a general trend of lowered concern and increased strength within the three areas of study. The results also indicated that although certain programs were utilized by more participants, those programs did not necessarily have the most positive impact on those in the follow-up sample. This study added components of refinement and sensitivity differences to the community intervention model explored.
title: The Association Between Writing about Marital Experiences and Individual Distress and Marital Satisfaction
Creators: name: Hess, Brad
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2002

description: This exploratory project studied the association between positive and negative writing assignments on marital satisfaction and individual distress levels. The sample consisted of 110 individuals (30 couples in the positive writing group, 25 in the negative writing group). Individual distress was measured with the OQ -45 .2 and marital satisfaction was measured with the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS). MAN OVA was used to test differences between pre- and post-writing intervention scores on the OQ -45.2 and RDAS. When pairing time, gender, and group in the analysis, time was the only statistically significant factor for both measures. The change from time I to time 2 may be due to the writing assignment while gender and group assignment may not be factors that lead to positive change in marital satisfaction and the lowering of individual distress.
Magnetic Bulk Photovoltaic Effect: Strong and Weak Field
Creators: name: Dai, Zhenbang
name: Rappe, Andrew M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shift current and ballistic current have been proposed to explain the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE), and there have been experiments designed to separate the two mechanisms. These experiments are based on the assumption that under magnetic field, ballistic current can have a Hall effect while the shift current cannot, which is from some energy-scale arguments and has never been proven. A recent work [Phys. Rev. B 103, 195203 (2021)] using quantum transport formalism achieves a conclusion that shift current indeed has a Hall current, seemingly contradicting the previous assumption and making the situation more confusing. Moreover, the behavior of BPVE under strong magnetic field is still unexplored. In this Letter, using a minimal 2D tight-binding model, we carry out a systematic numerical study of the BPVE under weak and strong magnetic field by treating the field in a non-perturbative way. Our model clearly shows the appearance of the magnetically-induced ballistic current along the transverse direction, which agrees with the previous predictions, and interestingly a sizable longitudinal response of the shift current is also observed, a phenomenon that is not captured by any existing theories where the magnetic field is treated perturbatively. More surprisingly, drastically different shift current is found in the strong-field regime, and the evolution from weak to strong field resembles a phase transition. We hope that our work could resolve the debate over the behavior of BPVE under magnetic field, and the strong-field behavior of shift current is expected to inspire more studies on the relation between nonlinear optics and quantum geometry.
Dark radiation constraints on portal interactions with hidden sectors
Creators: name: Adshead, Peter
name: Ralegankar, Pranjal
name: Shelton, Jessie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We update dark radiation constraints on millicharged particle (MCP) and gauged baryon-number-minus-lepton-number ($B-L$) extensions of the Standard Model (SM). In these models, a massive SM gauge singlet mediator couples the SM plasma to additional SM-singlet light degrees of freedom. In the early Universe, these new light particles are populated via the interaction of the SM with the MCP, or the new $B-L$ gauge boson, and act as dark radiation. The presence of dark radiation in the early Universe is tightly constrained by current and upcoming cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements. We update bounds on MCPs from current measurements of $N_{\rm eff}$ and show that future CMB experiments will be able to rule out or discover the extended MCP model invoked to explain the EDGES anomaly. Our analysis of the gauged $B-L$ model goes beyond previous studies by including quantum-statistical and out-of-equilibrium effects. Further, we account for the finite lifetime of the $B-L$ gauge boson, which boosts the subsequent right-handed neutrino energy density. We also develop a number of approximations and techniques for simplifying and solving the relevant Boltzmann equations. We use our approximations to develop a lower bound on the radiation density in a generic hidden sector with a light relic that is insensitive to the details of the hidden sector, provided the mediator interacts more strongly with the hidden sector than with the SM.
description: 31 pages + 21 pages appendices, matches version accepted in jcap
Notes on Properties of Holographic Matter
Creators: name: Karch, Andreas
name: Kulaxizi, Manuela
name: Parnachev, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Probe branes with finite worldvolume electric flux in the background created by a stack of Dp branes describe holographically strongly interacting fundamental matter at finite density. We identify two quantities whose leading low temperature behavior is independent of the dimensionality of the probe branes: specific heat and DC conductivity. This behavior can be inferred from the dynamics of the fundamental strings which provide a good description of the probe branes in the regime of low temperatures and finite densities. We also comment on the speed of sound on the branes and the temperature dependence of DC conductivity at vanishing charge density.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures; v2: corrected error in Section 6, conclusions unchanged; v3: improved figures and added clarifying comments
Bridging Mean-Field Games and Normalizing Flows with Trajectory Regularization
Creators: name: Huang, Han
name: Yu, Jiajia
name: Chen, Jie
name: Lai, Rongjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 49M41, 49M25

description: Mean-field games (MFGs) are a modeling framework for systems with a large number of interacting agents. They have applications in economics, finance, and game theory. Normalizing flows (NFs) are a family of deep generative models that compute data likelihoods by using an invertible mapping, which is typically parameterized by using neural networks. They are useful for density modeling and data generation. While active research has been conducted on both models, few noted the relationship between the two. In this work, we unravel the connections between MFGs and NFs by contextualizing the training of an NF as solving the MFG. This is achieved by reformulating the MFG problem in terms of agent trajectories and parameterizing a discretization of the resulting MFG with flow architectures. With this connection, we explore two research directions. First, we employ expressive NF architectures to accurately solve high-dimensional MFGs, sidestepping the curse of dimensionality in traditional numerical methods. Compared with other deep learning approaches, our trajectory-based formulation encodes the continuity equation in the neural network, resulting in a better approximation of the population dynamics. Second, we regularize the training of NFs with transport costs and show the effectiveness on controlling the model's Lipschitz bound, resulting in better generalization performance. We demonstrate numerical results through comprehensive experiments on a variety of synthetic and real-life datasets.
description: 36 pages, 22 figures, 9 tables
title: The Effect of Temperature on the Tension of Water in the Soil
Creators: name: Stewart, Gordon
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1957

description: The tenacity with which water is held in the soil is an important factor in determining the availability of water to plants. It is this attraction for water by the soil particle which is the basic phenomenon of soil moisture tension. Soil moisture tension may be defined as the pressure difference that must be maintained across the wall of a porous cup in order to attain a zero transfer rate between water in the soil, which is subject to surface-force action, and water in the cup, which is not subject to surface force action.
Polymeric Squaraine Dyes as Electron Donors in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
Creators: name: Voelker, Sebastian F.
name: Uemura, Shinobu
name: Limpinsel, Moritz
name: Mingebach, Markus
name: Deibel, Carsten
name: Dyakonov, Vladimir
name: Lambert, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A polysquaraine low band gap polymer was synthesized by Yamamoto coupling of a monomeric dibromo indolenine squaraine dye. The resulting polymer has a weight average molar mass in the order of Mw ~30.000-50.000 and a polydispersity of ca. 1.7 as determined by gel-permeation chromatography (GPC). The electronic properties of monomer and polymer were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, absorption and emission spectroscopy. Owing to exciton coupling the absorption bands of the polymer are red-shifted and strongly broadened compared to the monomer squaraine dye. Bulk heterojunction solar cells were prepared from blends of the polysquaraine with the fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in different weight ratios (1:3 to 1:1). The power conversion efficiencies under simulated AM 1.5 conditions yielded 0.45 % for these non-optimized systems. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) shows that the photoresponse spans the range from 300 to 850 nm, which illustrates the promising properties of this novel organic semiconductor as a low band gap donor material in organic photovoltaics.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Accurate Kohn-Sham auxiliary system from the ground state density of solids
Creators: name: Aouina, Ayoub
name: Gatti, Matteo
name: Chen, Siyuan
name: Zhang, Shiwei
name: Reining, Lucia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kohn-Sham (KS) system is an auxiliary system whose effective potential is unknown in most cases. It is in principle determined by the ground state density, and it has been found numerically for some low-dimensional systems by inverting the KS equations starting from a given accurate density. For solids, only approximate results are available. In this work, we determine accurate exchange correlation (xc) potentials for Si and NaCl using the ground state densities obtained from Auxiliary Field Quantum Monte Carlo calculations. We show that these xc potentials can be rationalized as an ensemble of environment-adapted functions of the local density. The KS band structure can be obtained with high accuracy. The true KS band gap turns out to be larger than the prediction of the local density approximation, but significantly smaller than the measurable photoemission gap, which confirms previous estimates. Finally, our findings show that the conjecture that very different xc potentials can lead to very similar densities and other KS observables is true also in solids, which questions the meaning of details of the potentials and, at the same time, confirms the stability of the KS system.
Formal Solution of the Fourth Order Killing equations for Stationary Axisymmetric Vacuum Spacetimes
Creators: name: Brink, Jeandrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analytic understanding of the geodesic structure around non-Kerr spacetimes will result in a powerful tool that could make the mapping of spacetime around massive quiescent compact objects possible. To this end, I present an analytic closed form expression for the components of a the fourth order Killing tensor for Stationary Axisymmetric Vacuum (SAV) Spacetimes. It is as yet unclear what subset of SAV spacetimes admit this solution. The solution is written in terms of an integral expression involving the metric functions and two specific Greens functions. A second integral expression has to vanish in order for the solution to be exact. In the event that the second integral does not vanish it is likely that the best fourth order approximation to the invariant has been found. This solution can be viewed as a generalized Carter constant providing an explicit expression for the fourth invariant, in addition to the energy, azimuthal angular momentum and rest mass, associated with geodesic motion in SAV spacetimes, be it exact or approximate. I further comment on the application of this result for the founding of a general algorithm for mapping the spacetime around compact objects using gravitational wave observatories.
description: 5 Pages
Studies of scandium-germanium systems and studies of zinc and selenium doped gallium arsenide
Creators: name: Dell'Oca, Conrad Joseph
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This investigation is concerned with a study of the properties of scandium-germanium systems, and a study of the properties of selenium and zinc doped gallium arsenide„ In part one the physical properties of scandium and germanium are used to empirically estimate the relative solubility of scandium in germanium. It was shown that scandium and germanium are miscible in the liquid phase and that scandium has a very low solid solubility in germanium. Crystals of scandium-doped germanium were grown and analyzed using Hall constant and resistivity measurements from liquid nitrogen temperature to room temperature. The results show that the crystals grown are p-type, but that this behaviour cannot be completely attributed to scandium. However, it was shown that if scandium does not form compounds on crystal growth, it has a maximum solubility in germanium of less than one part per million. Methods for analysing the results of experimental measurements, to determine the concentration of acceptors, donors and free carriers, and the ionization energies are given. In part two the properties of selenium and zinc doped gallium arsenide were studied, again using resistivity and Hall measurements. Selenium and zinc were determined to be shallow donors and acceptors respectively. The concentration of the impurities present were determined and the properties of the material were discussed.
title: Parents' Marital Quality and Interactions In Relation to Child Well-being
Creators: name: Leavitt, Spencer C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2002

description: Using a large national data set, this study was among the first to examine direct associations between parents' marital relationships and children's emotional, academic, and behavioral characteristics. The mediating effect of children's home environments, as well as relationships between children and parents, also were analyzed. The research design was longitudinal. Marital variables were measured in 1994, intervening variables in 1996, and children's outcome variables in 1998. It was expected that children would be influenced by three different aspects of their parents' marriage: marital happiness, marital interactions, and marital arguments. The parent/child relationship (parent/child closeness) and the children's home environments were expected to act as mediators between the marriage variables and child outcome variables. Because the focus of this study was to analyze how functioning between parents within marriage influences children, in order to add to, and not duplicate, research on marital dissolution and conflict, the three samples included only children whose parents had been continuously married since the children were born. Path analysis was used to determine if the data supported the hypothesis that marital relationships affect children's functioning and development. For the youngest group, ages 5 to 14, it was concluded that parents' marital happiness in 1994 was associated with fewer children's behavior problems and increased children's academic performance in 1998. For 12- to14-year-old children, the effects were similar, but smaller. In both cases, marital interaction did not seem to be related to child outcomes. The oldest group, ages 14-21 , was the least influenced by their parents' relationship. While the effect was somewhat small, the longitudinal nature of the analysis suggested that it is lasting. Results of the study varied significantly by race, and in some cases, by sex of the child. Future research should further analyze how marital relations influence children within different racial groups.
FitforFDM – Entwicklung der FDM-Angebote an der HTW Berlin
Creators: name: Molthagen-Schnöring, Stefanie
name: Dabrowski, Piotr Wojtek
name: Simon, Lena
name: Schneidenbach, Esther
name: Dąbrowska, Paulina Anna
name: Heister, Eske Carmen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: FitForFDM

description: Posterpräsentation auf dem Forschungsforum 2024 der HTW Berlin am 10. Oktober 2024.
Strong uniaxial pressure dependencies evidencing spin-lattice coupling and spin fluctuations in Cr$_2$Ge$_2$Te$_6$
Creators: name: Spachmann, S.
name: Selter, S.
name: Büchner, B.
name: Aswartham, S.
name: Klingeler, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single crystals of Cr$_2$Ge$_2$Te$_6$ were studied by high-resolution capacitance dilatometry to obtain in-plane ($B\parallel ab$) and out-of-plane ($B\parallel c$) thermal expansion and magnetostriction at temperatures between 2 and 300 K and in magnetic fields up to 15 T. The anomalies in both response functions lead to the 'magnetoelastic' phase diagrams and separate the paramagnetic (PM), ferromagnetic low-temperature/low-field (LTF) and aligned ferromagnetic (FM) phases. The presence of two distinct thermal expansion anomalies at small fields $B\parallel ab$ of different magnetic field dependence clearly supports the scenario of an intermediate region separating PM and LTF phases and is indicative of a tricritical point. Simulations of the magnetostriction using the Stoner-Wohlfarth model for uniaxial anisotropy demonstrate that the observed quadratic-in-field behavior in the LTF phase is in line with a rotation of the spins from the preferred $c$ direction into the $ab$ plane. Both the LTF and the PM phase close to T$_{\rm C}$ exhibit very strong pressure dependencies of the magnetization, ${\partial}\ln{M_{\rm ab}}/{\partial}p_{\rm ab}$, of several hundred %/GPa and also the transition from the LTF to the FM phase strongly depends on $p_{\rm ab}$ ($\sim -$280%/GPa), indicating a strong decrease of the uniaxial anisotropy under applied in-plane pressure. Our data clearly demonstrate the relevance of critical fluctuations and magnetoelastic coupling in Cr$_2$Ge$_2$Te$_6$.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Low-temperature magneto-thermal transport investigation of a Ni-based superconductor BaNi2As2: Evidence for fully gapped superconductivity
Creators: name: Kurita, N.
name: Ronning, F.
name: Tokiwa, Y.
name: Bauer, E. D.
name: Subedi, A.
name: Singh, D. J.
name: Thompson, J. D.
name: Movshovich, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed low-temperature specific heat and thermal conductivity measurements of the Ni-based superconductor BaNi$_2$As$_2$ ($T_\mathrm{c}$ = 0.7 K) in magnetic field. In zero field, thermal conductivity shows $T$-linear behavior in the normal state and exhibits a BCS-like exponential decrease below $T_\mathrm{c}$. The field dependence of the residual thermal conductivity extrapolated to zero temperature is indicative of a fully gapped superconductor. This conclusion is supported by the analysis of the specific heat data, which are well fit by the BCS temperature dependence from $T_\mathrm{c}$ down to the lowest temperature of 0.1 K.
description: Physical Review Letters, to be published
title: Good Grief Kids: An Exploratory Analysis of Grieving Children and Teens at The Dougy Center in Portland, Oregon
Creators: name: Sorensen, Karen
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2002

description: Every year in the United States, anywhere from 200,000 to 400,000 youths under the age of 19 will experience the death of a parent (or both) or a sibling. The Dougy Center in Portland, Oregon, was established in 1983 to assist grieving children. Support groups are based on principles of nondirective play therapy. During the years 1996-2000, The Dougy Center administered questionnaires to a number of its clients. The results of one of these questionnaires, The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), showed that 48% of those receiving services were severely depressed at the time of entrance into the program with another 15% showing symptoms of mild-moderate depression. Depression is the most commonly studied outcome of grief and mourning among all age groups (children, adolescents, and adults). Two additional questionnaires measured basic symptomatology at the time of intake into the program. The Child Intake Form showed that those ages 3-12 generally had difficulty being around others since the death and wanted to spend more time alone. The Teen Intake Form showed that those ages 13-18 relied upon friends for support following the death; furthermore, normal patterns of eating, sleeping, and attending school have been disrupted since the death. The only questionnaire to be administered after clients had received services was the Family Self-Evaluation (FSE). Children and teens responded to this questionnaire, reporting that since attending groups at The Dougy Center they are feeling better. Many respondents reported that the most helpful aspect of the support groups came from knowing that others were experiencing similar emotions and transitions. Limitations in the reported findings came from too small of a sample size, convenience sampling procedures, administration of an age-inappropriate instrument, and a lack of pretesting and posttesting procedures.
On finite termination of the generalized Newton method for solving absolute value equations
Creators: name: Tang, Jia
name: Zheng, Wenli
name: Chen, Cairong
name: Yu, Dongmei
name: Han, Deren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Motivated by the framework constructed by Brugnano and Casulli $[$SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 30: 463--472, 2008$]$, we analyze the finite termination property of the generalized Netwon method (GNM) for solving the absolute value equation (AVE). More precisely, for some special matrices, GNM is terminated in at most $2n + 2$ iterations. A new result for the unique solvability and unsolvability of the AVE is obtained. Numerical experiments are given to demonstrate the theoretical analysis.
description: 11 pages
Additional file 1 of Sub-bandgap near-infrared photovoltaic response in Au/Al2O3/n-Si metal–insulator–semiconductor structure by plasmon-enhanced internal photoemission
Creators: name: Dai, Xiyuan
name: Wu, Li
name: Yu, Liang
name: Yu, Zhiyuan
name: Ma, Fengyang
name: Zhang, Yuchen
name: Yang, Yanru
name: Sun, Jian
name: Lu, Ming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary file 1 (DOCX 558 KB)