cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian Deep Learning Framework for Interval Estimation of Remaining Useful Life in Complex Systems by Incorporating General Degradation Characteristics
Creators: name: Kim, Minhee
name: Liu, Kaibo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Deep learning has emerged as a powerful tool to model complicated relationships between inputs and outputs in various fields including degradation modeling and prognostics. Existing deep learning-based prognostic approaches are often used in a black-box manner and provide only point estimations of remaining useful life. However, accurate interval estimations of the remaining useful life are crucial to understand the stochastic nature of degradation processes and perform reliable risk analysis and maintenance decision making. This study proposes a novel Bayesian deep learning framework that incorporates general characteristics of degradation processes and provides the interval estimations of remaining useful life. The proposed method enjoys several unique advantages: 1) providing a general approach by not assuming any particular type of degradation processes nor the availability of domain-specific prior knowledge such as a failure threshold; 2) offering the interval estimations of the remaining useful life; 3) systematically modeling two types of uncertainties embedded in prognostics; and 4) exhibiting great prognostic performance and wide applicability to complex systems that may involve multiple sensor signals, multiple failure modes, and multiple operational conditions. Numerical studies demonstrate improved prognostic performance and practicality of the proposed method over benchmark approaches. Additional numerical results including the analysis of sensitivity and computational costs are given in the online supplemental materials.
From main group to transition metal-containing Brønsted acid initiators for the cationic polymerization of olefin monomers
Creators: name: Hazin, Khatera
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2020

description: This dissertation outlines the development of Brønsted acids and their application as single-component initiators for the cationic polymerization of olefins. Solid weighable Brønsted acids are of particular interest in the generation and stabilization of highly reactive cations. Weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) facilitate the isolation of Brønsted acids and play a critical role in the carbocationic polymerization of vinyl monomers. Chapter 1 gives an introduction to the mechanism of cationic polymerization and the challenges associated with it. The chapter also describes important initiator systems that are used in cationic polymerization and provides an overview of main group element-based WCAs that have been previously reported. Chapter 2 outlines the application of the known tris(tetrachlorobenzenediolato)phosphate,[P(1,2-O₂C₆Cl₄)₃] ̄, as a WCA in the stabilization of reactive cations. The isolated Brønsted acids H(L)₂[P(1,2-O₂C₆Cl₄)₃] (L = THF, DMF) were employed as effective single-component initiators for the cationic polymerization of n-butyl vinyl ether and p-methoxystyrene at various temperatures. Notably, high molecular weight poly(p-methoxystyrene) was obtained with an unexpected branched structure. Chapter 3 describes three potential routes to afford Hellwinkel’s salt, [P(C₁₂H₈)₂][P(C₁₂H₈)₃]. A pentavalent phosphorane, P(C₁₂H₈)₂(C₁₂H₉), and an unprecedented product, [P(C₁₂H₈)(C₂₄H₁₆)][P(C₁₂H₈)₃], were isolated and characterized. The cation [P(C₁₂H₈)(C₂₄H₁₆)]⁺ is formally derived from the insertion of an additional biphenyl unit into the known [P(C₁₂H₈)₂]⁺. Chapter 4 highlights the synthesis and characterization of several amine salts and an alkali metal salt featuring a hexacoordinate anion, [P(C₆H₄CO₂)₃] ̄. The basicity of [P(C₆H₄CO₂)₃] ̄ was examined using IR spectroscopy and found to be comparable to [ClO₄] ̄ and [N(SO₂CF₃)₂] ̄. Chapter 5 describes the synthesis and characterization of two different Brønsted acids with the cation moiety [H(OEt₂)₂]⁺. The Brønsted acids were employed as highly effective single-component initiators for the cationic polymerization of n-butyl vinyl ether, styrene, ⍺-methylstyrene and isoprene at different temperatures. Remarkably, high molecular weight polystyrene and poly(⍺-methylstyrene) were obtained. A predominantly rich syndiotactic poly(⍺-methylstyrene) (rr up to 90%) was isolated from a polymerization at –78 °C. Chapter 6 provides a summary of the thesis work and postulates future considerations in the field.
1.3 mm Wavelength VLBI of Sagittarius A*: Detection of Time-Variable Emission on Event Horizon Scales
Creators: name: Fish, Vincent L.
name: Doeleman, Sheperd S.
name: Beaudoin, Christopher
name: Blundell, Ray
name: Bolin, David E.
name: Bower, Geoffrey C.
name: Chamberlin, Richard
name: Freund, Robert
name: Friberg, Per
name: Gurwell, Mark A.
name: Honma, Mareki
name: Inoue, Makoto
name: Krichbaum, Thomas P.
name: Lamb, James
name: Marrone, Daniel P.
name: Moran, James M.
name: Oyama, Tomoaki
name: Plambeck, Richard
name: Primiani, Rurik
name: Rogers, Alan E. E.
name: Smythe, Daniel L.
name: SooHoo, Jason
name: Strittmatter, Peter
name: Tilanus, Remo P. J.
name: Titus, Michael
name: Weintroub, Jonathan
name: Wright, Melvyn
name: Woody, David
name: Young, Ken H.
name: Ziurys, Lucy M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sagittarius A*, the ~4 x 10^6 solar mass black hole candidate at the Galactic Center, can be studied on Schwarzschild radius scales with (sub)millimeter wavelength Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). We report on 1.3 mm wavelength observations of Sgr A* using a VLBI array consisting of the JCMT on Mauna Kea, the ARO/SMT on Mt. Graham in Arizona, and two telescopes of the CARMA array at Cedar Flat in California. Both Sgr A* and the quasar calibrator 1924-292 were observed over three consecutive nights, and both sources were clearly detected on all baselines. For the first time, we are able to extract 1.3 mm VLBI interferometer phase information on Sgr A* through measurement of closure phase on the triangle of baselines. On the third night of observing, the correlated flux density of Sgr A* on all VLBI baselines increased relative to the first two nights, providing strong evidence for time-variable change on scales of a few Schwarzschild radii. These results suggest that future VLBI observations with greater sensitivity and additional baselines will play a valuable role in determining the structure of emission near the event horizon of Sgr A*.
description: 8 pages, submitted to ApJL
Charge state estimation in quantum dots using a Bayesian approach
Creators: name: Shinozaki, Motoya
name: Muto, Yui
name: Kitada, Takahito
name: Otsuka, Tomohiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detection of single-electron charges in solid-state nanodevices is a key technique in semiconductor quantum bit readout for quantum information processing and probing electronic properties of nanostructures. This detection is achieved using quantum dot charge sensors, with its speed enhanced by high-speed RF reflectometry. Recently, real-time processing of data from RF reflectometry has attracted much attention to quantum information processing. In this paper, we propose a sequential method based on Bayes' theorem for estimating the charge state and compare its performance with the averaging approach and threshold judgment. When the noise variance differs between the empty and occupied states, the Bayesian approach demonstrates a lower error score, facilitating the extraction of more data points in real-time charge state estimation. Additionally, the Bayesian approach outperforms the averaging method and threshold judgment in terms of error rates for charge state estimation, even during charge transitions. This technique is broadly applicable to single-electron detection and holds substantial utility for quantum bit readout and the operation of nanoprobes that utilize single-electron detection.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures
Practical fertilization in maize with  organic fertilizers
Creators: name: Ahnemann, Hauke
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: Maize is one of the most important crops, especially on dairy farms. Because dairy farms are so nutrient-rich, they are often associated with nitrate leaching.

To avoid N leaching during the winter period, the implementation of catch crops is important. Together with root fertilization and organic fertilizers, nitrogen can be used very efficiently and mineral fertilizers can be replaced.

The combination of catch crops and organic root fertilization stabilizes yields, reduces costs for mineral fertilizers and reduces necessary storage for slurry or manure. At the same time, N-losses in the environment are reduced.
Large positive magnetoconductance in carbon nanoscrolls
Creators: name: Zhong, Yu-Jie
name: Li, Jia-Cheng
name: Huang, Xuan-Fu
name: Lee, Ying-Je
name: Chen, Ting-Zhen
name: Zhang, Jia-Ren
name: Huang, Angus
name: Hsu, Hsiu-Chuan
name: Ortix, Carmine
name: Chang, Ching-Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically demonstrate that carbon nanoscrolls -- spirally wrapped graphene layers with open endpoints -- can be characterized by a large positive magnetoconductance. We show that when a carbon nanoscroll is subject to an axial magnetic field of several Tesla, the ballistic conductance at low carrier densities of the nanoscroll has an increase of about 200%. Importantly, we find that this positive magnetoconductance is not only preserved in an imperfect nanoscroll (with disorder or mild inter-turn misalignment) but can even be enhanced in the presence of on-site disorder. We prove that the positive magnetoconductance comes about the emergence of magnetic field-induced zero energy modes, specific of rolled-up geometries. Our results establish curved graphene systems as a new material platform displaying sizable magnetoresistive phenomena.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures
A magnetised Galactic halo from inner Galaxy outflows
Creators: name: Zhang, He-Shou
name: Ponti, Gabriele
name: Carretti, Ettore
name: Liu, Ruo-Yu
name: Morris, Mark R.
name: Haverkorn, Marijke
name: Locatelli, Nicola
name: Zheng, Xueying
name: Aharonian, Felix
name: Zhang, Haiming
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Stel, Giovanni
name: Strong, Andrew
name: Yeung, Micheal
name: Merloni, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic halos of galaxies are crucial for understanding galaxy evolution, galactic-scale outflows, and feedback from star formation activity. Identifying the magnetised halo of the Milky Way is challenging because of the potential contamination from foreground emission arising in local spiral arms. Additionally, it is unclear how our magnetic halo is influenced by recently revealed large-scale structures such as the X-ray emitting eROSITA Bubbles. Here we report the identification of several kpc-scale magnetised structures based on their polarized radio emission and their gamma-ray counterparts, which can be interpreted as the radiation of relativistic electrons in the Galactic magnetic halo. These non-thermal structures extend far above and below the Galactic plane and are spatially coincident with the thermal X-ray emission from the eROSITA Bubbles. The morphological consistency of these structures suggests a common origin, which can be sustained by Galactic outflows driven by active star-forming regions located in the Galactic Disc at 3-5 kpc from the Galactic Centre. These results reveal how X-ray-emitting and magnetised halos of spiral galaxies can be related to intense star formation activities and suggest that the X-shaped coherent magnetic structures observed in their halos can stem from galaxy outflows.
description: Initially submitted on March 2nd, 2024. Highlighted by the Nature Astronomy Research Briefing: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-024-02363-z
An effective quantum parameter for strongly correlated metallic ferromagnets
Creators: name: Kamble, Bhaskar
name: Singh, Avinash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The correlated motion of electrons in multi-orbital metallic ferromagnets is investigated in terms of a realistic Hubbard model with {\cal N}-fold orbital degeneracy and arbitrary intra- and inter-orbital Coulomb interactions U and J using a Goldstone-mode-preserving non-perturbative scheme. An effective quantum parameter '\hbar'=\frac{U^2+({\cal N}-1)J^2}{(U+({\cal N}-1)J)^2} is obtained which determines, in analogy with 1/S for quantum spin systems and 1/N for the N-orbital Hubbard model, the strength of correlation-induced quantum corrections to magnetic excitations. The rapid suppression of this quantum parameter with Hund's coupling J, especially for large {\cal N}, provides fundamental insight into the phenomenon of strong stabilization of metallic ferromagnetism by orbital degeneracy and Hund's coupling. This approach is illustrated for the case of ferromagnetic iron and the half metallic Heusler alloy Co_2 Mn Si. For realistic values for iron, the calculated spin stiffness and Curie temperature values obtained are in quantitative agreement with measurements. Significantly, the contribution of long wavelength modes is shown to yield a nearly ~25% reduction in the calculated Curie temperature. Finally, an outline is presented for extending the approach to generic multi-band metallic ferromagnets including realistic band-structure features of non-degenerate orbitals and inter-orbital hopping as obtained from LDA calculations.
description: 30 pages, 13 figures
Operator means, barycenters, and fixed point equations
Creators: name: Virosztek, Dániel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The seminal work of Kubo and Ando from 1980 provided us with an axiomatic approach to means of positive operators. As most of their axioms are algebraic in nature, this approach has a clear algebraic flavor. On the other hand, it is highly natural to take the geometric viewpoint and consider a distance (understood in a broad sense) on the cone of positive operators, and define the mean of positive operators by an appropriate notion of the center of mass. This strategy often leads to a fixed point equation that characterizes the mean. The aim of this survey is to highlight those cases where the algebraic and the geometric approaches meet each other.
description: invited survey
Export Marketing Guide for Cooperatives
Creators: name: Hirsch, Donald E.
name: Hirsch, Donald E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Excerpts from the report: Farmers and their cooperatives are confronted by the challenge of export marketing in greater measure than ever before. As business enterprises that are wholly owned and controlled by American farmers, cooperatives that meet the challenge have an opportunity to contribute materially to our country's economic growth and stability. The United States exports far larger quantities of agricultural commodities than most countries produce. We are the world's largest exporter of many foods and feeds. This report is an export marketing guide, not a complete export manual or a blueprint for operations of any individual cooperative. Its basic objective is to help additional farmer cooperative leaders to gain the understanding and expertise needed to export successfully. It provides information designed to assist directors and administrative personnel of each cooperative with export potential to (1) evaluate the opportunities and problems involved in establishing a new or expanded export program, and (2) increase their proficiency in export marketing.
Community-based participatory research to develop a client-centred virtual reality program for children with autism : an integrated knowledge translation approach
Creators: name: Ghanouni, Parisa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2020

description: Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a disorder that affects socio-emotional skills. As there is no curative therapy for ASD and traditional interventions are costly, introducing possible complementary programs is warranted. Low-cost gaming programs (e.g., Kinect games) can enable users to communicate with characters on the screen through intuitive ways such as gestures or speech. However, current studies did not tailor the Kinect games to address individual needs of children with ASD. Purpose: The objective of this five-phase study was to design and develop a Kinect program using an integrated knowledge translation approach and participatory design. Method: The first and second phases involved studies that gathered perspectives of 26 stakeholders on: (a) barriers to social participation and priorities for the focus of the Kinect program; and (b) factors that can make virtual reality programs effective to use, employing interviews and focus groups. The third phase was developing and validating the social stories for the content of the program via the modified Delphi method, with 63 stakeholders. The fourth phase was developing and debugging the program in an iterative process with 10 children/youth with ASD and their parents. The fifth phase aimed to uncover barriers in adoption of the technology, helping us to plan for the knowledge translation activities during dissemination. Results: In the first two phases, stakeholders identified the ability of perspective-taking in socio-emotional situations as a critical element to enhance social participation, and highlighted the importance of mirroring real world, addressing heterogeneity, and incorporating teaching strategies in a virtual reality program. In the third phase, they suggested explaining social scenarios and incorporating calming strategies. Adjusting the audio-visual features and strategies to engage users were expressed in the fourth phase. In the last phase, barriers to technology uptake were identified, such as personal belief, suitable technology, and external resources to implement. Implications: This study introduces the development process of a novel program for children with ASD in collaboration with stakeholders. Involving stakeholders during all stages of the development help meet end users’ needs. Future studies are required to provide evidence on the efficacy of this program in improving socio-emotional functioning.
Disagreement as a way to study misinformation and its effects
Creators: name: Hodel, Damian
name: West, Jevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Misinformation -- false or misleading information -- is considered a significant societal concern due to its associated "misinformation effects," such as political polarization, erosion of trust in institutions, problematic behavior, and public health challenges. However, the prevailing concept is misaligned with what is studied. While misinformation focuses on instances of information about factual matters, the broad spectrum of effects often manifests at a societal level and is shaped by a wide range of interdependent factors such as identity, values, opinions, epistemologies, and disagreements. Unsurprisingly, misinformation effects can occur without the prevalence of misinformation, and misinformation does not necessarily increase the effects studied. Here, we propose using disagreement - conflicting attitudes and beliefs between individuals and communities - as a way to study misinformation effects because it addresses the identified conceptual limitations of misinformation. Furthermore, unlike misinformation, disagreement does not require researchers to determine whether a given information is false or misleading. Thus, it can be studied and, more importantly, measured without the need to make a normative judgment about a given information, even when the specific topic is entirely removed, as we show in a longitudinal disagreement measurement. We demonstrate that disagreement, as a holistic concept, provides better explanations for the occurrence of misinformation effects, enhances precision in developing appropriate interventions, and offers a promising approach for evaluating them through quantification. Finally, we show how disagreement addresses current misinformation research questions and conclude with recommendations for research practice.
description: Published in Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) Misinformation Review on March 20 2025
Paleosol-based inference of niches for Oligocene and early miocene fossils from the John Day Formation of Oregon
Creators: name: Retallack, Gregory J.
name: Samuels, Joshua X.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Over the past decade, we recorded exact locations of in situ fossils and measured calcareous nodules in paleosols of the Oligocene and lower Miocene (Whitneyan–Arikareean) John Day Formation of Oregon. These data enable precise biostratigraphy within an astronomical time scale of Milankovitch obliquity cycles and also provide mean annual precipitation and vegetation for each species. Fossils in paleosols of the John Day Formation alternated between semiarid shrubland and subhumid woodland communities every 41 ka. Land snails ‘Polygyra’ expansa and Monadenia dubiosa were found in semiarid paleosols, but Vespericola dalli and Monadenia marginicola were found in subhumid paleosols. Cicada burrows (Naktodemasis bowni) were found in semiarid paleosols, whereas dung beetle balls (Pallichnus dakotensis) and earthworm castings (Edaphichnium lumbricatum) were found in subhumid paleosols. Among hypertragulids, Hypertragulus hesperius was found in semiarid paleosols and Nanotragulus planiceps in subhumid paleosols. Among glires, the aplodontiid Haplomys liolophus, geomyids Pleurolicus sulcifrons and several species of Entoptychus, castorid Palaeocastor peninsulatus, and leporid Archaeolagus ennisianus were found in semiarid paleosols. Large ungulates were found primarily in subhumid paleosols, including the agriochoere Agriochoerus antiquus, oreodonts Eporeodon occidentalis and Promerycochoerus superbus, equid Miohippus annectens, and rhinos Diceratherium annectens and Diceratherium armatum. The inferred niches of fossil mammals are consistent with interpretations based on their morphology; taxa with adaptations for life in open, arid habitats, such as high-crowned teeth and semifossorial or cursorial limb structure, were mainly in semiarid paleosols, but taxa with arboreal adaptations were only found in subhumid paleosols.
Determining dust temperatures and masses in the Herschel era: the importance of observations longward of 200 micron
Creators: name: Gordon, K. D.
name: Galliano, F.
name: Hony, S.
name: Bernard, J. -P.
name: Bolatto, A.
name: Bot, C.
name: Engelbracht, C.
name: Hughes, A.
name: Israel, F. P.
name: Kemper, F.
name: Kim, S.
name: Li, A.
name: Madden, S. C.
name: Matsuura, M.
name: Meixner, M.
name: Misselt, K.
name: Okumura, K.
name: Panuzzo, P.
name: Rubio, M.
name: Reach, W. T.
name: Roman-Duval, J.
name: Sauvage, M.
name: Skibba, R.
name: Tielens, A. G. G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of the dust grains (e.g., temperature and mass) can be derived from fitting far-IR SEDs (>100 micron). Only with SPIRE on Herschel has it been possible to get high spatial resolution at 200 to 500 micron that is beyond the peak (~160 micron) of dust emission in most galaxies. We investigate the differences in the fitted dust temperatures and masses determined using only <200 micron data and then also including >200 micron data (new SPIRE observations) to determine how important having >200 micron data is for deriving these dust properties. We fit the 100 to 350 micron observations of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) point-by-point with a model that consists of a single temperature and fixed emissivity law. The data used are existing observations at 100 and 160 micron (from IRAS and Spitzer) and new SPIRE observations of 1/4 of the LMC observed for the HERITAGE Key Project as part of the Herschel Science Demonstration phase. The dust temperatures and masses computed using only 100 and 160 micron data can differ by up to 10% and 36%, respectively, from those that also include the SPIRE 250 & 350 micron data. We find that an emissivity law proportional to lambda^-1.5 minimizes the 100-350 micron fractional residuals. We find that the emission at 500 micron is ~10% higher than expected from extrapolating the fits made at shorter wavelengths. We find the fractional 500 micron excess is weakly anti-correlated with MIPS 24 micron flux and the total gas surface density. This argues against a flux calibration error as the origin of the 500 micron excess. Our results do not allow us to distinguish between a systematic variation in the wavelength dependent emissivity law or a population of very cold dust only detectable at lambda > 500 micron for the origin of the 500 micron excess.
description: 5 pages, 3 figurers, A&A, in press
Isometries of the qubit state space with respect to quantum Wasserstein distances
Creators: name: Simon, Richárd
name: Virosztek, Dániel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 49Q22, 81Q99. Secondary: 54E40

description: In this paper we study isometries of quantum Wasserstein distances and divergences on the quantum bit state space. We describe isometries with respect to the symmetric quantum Wasserstein divergence $d_{sym}$, the divergence induced by all of the Pauli matrices. We also give a complete characterization of isometries with respect to $D_z$, the quantum Wasserstein distance corresponding to the single Pauli matrix $σ_z$.
description: v2: accepted manuscript version; final remarks added; 12 pages
Trionic Optical Potential for Electrons in Semiconductors
Creators: name: Schuetz, Martin J. A.
name: Moore, Michael G.
name: Piermarocchi, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser-induced optical potentials for atoms have led to remarkable advances in precision measurement, quantum information, and towards addressing fundamental questions in condensed matter physics. Here, we describe analogous optical potentials for electrons in quantum wells and wires that can be generated by optically driving the transition between a single electron and a three-body electron-exciton bound state, known as a trion. The existence of a bound trion state adds a term to the ac Stark shift of the material proportional to the light intensity at the position of the electron. According to our theoretical calculations, this shift can be large relative to the thermal equilibrium temperature of the electron, resulting in a relatively strong optical potential that could be used to trap, guide, and manipulate individual electrons within a semiconductor quantum well or wire. These potentials can be thought of as artificial nano-structures on the scale of 100 nm that can be spin-dependent and reconfigurable in real-time. Our results suggest the possibility of integrating ultrafast optics and gate voltages in new resolved-carrier semiconductor opto-electronic devices, with potential applications in fields such as nano-electronics, spintronics, and quantum information processing
description: Article and Supplemental Materials; This is a preprint of the original submission to Nature Physics
Generalized Gibbs ensemble prediction of prethermalization plateaus and their relation to nonthermal steady states in integrable systems
Creators: name: Kollar, Marcus
name: Wolf, F. Alexander
name: Eckstein, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum many-body system which is prepared in the ground state of an integrable Hamiltonian does not directly thermalize after a sudden small parameter quench away from integrability. Rather, it will be trapped in a prethermalized state and can thermalize only at a later stage. We discuss several examples for which this prethermalized state shares some properties with the nonthermal steady state that emerges in the corresponding integrable system. These examples support the notion that nonthermal steady states in integrable systems may be viewed as prethermalized states that never decay further. Furthermore we show that prethermalization plateaus are under certain conditions correctly predicted by generalized Gibbs ensembles, which are the appropriate extension of standard statistical mechanics in the presence of many constants of motion. This establishes that the relaxation behaviors of integrable and nearly integrable systems are continuously connected and described by the same statistical theory.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Gravitational effects on fluid dynamics in cosmological first-order phase transitions
Creators: name: Jinno, Ryusuke
name: Kume, Jun'ya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological first-order phase transition (FOPT) sources the stochastic gravitational wave background (SWGB) through bubble collisions, sound waves, and turbulence. So far, most studies on the fluid profile of an expanding bubble are limited to transitions that complete in a much shorter time scale than the cosmic expansion. In this study, we investigate gravitational effects on the fluid profile beyond the self-similar regime. For this purpose we combine a hydrodynamic scheme in the presence of gravity with a fluid computation scheme under energy injection from the bubble wall. By performing (1+1)d simulations of spherical bubble for constant wall velocities, we find that the fluid generally develops a thinner shell in our cosmological setup, which qualitatively agrees with previous studies discussing the late-time behavior of fluid in expanding spacetime. We also observe reduction in the energy budget for the fluid kinetic energy. Furthermore, we find that the fluid profile develops sub-structure for accelerating bubble walls. We also comment on the possible broadening of the SGWB spectral plateau.
description: 33 pages, 12 figures, v3: matched to the version published in JCAP
Hyperossification in the vertebral column of Devonian placoderm fishes (Arthrodira)
Creators: name: van Mesdag, Savanna N. K.
name: Blaauwen, Jan den
name: Dean, Mason N.
name: Johanson, Zerina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Skeletal bone enlargement (hyperossification) was thought to only occur in endochondral and dermal bones (e.g., endoskeletons of marine tetrapods and dermal bones of certain jawless vertebrates, placoderms, and teleost fishes). However, in some arthrodiran placoderms (basal jawed vertebrates), i.e., Millerosteus minor, Compagopiscis croucheri, Eastmanosteus calliaspis, several types of bone enlargement also occur within the endoskeleton, affecting the vertebral column. Significantly, placoderm endoskeletal bone is thought to be thin-walled, ossifying only in the fibrous layer surrounding a cartilage precursor (historically called perichondral bone), rather than endochondrally/dermally. Hyperossification differs among these three species, revealing a range of internal and external bone morphologies undescribed for the placoderm endoskeleton. Thus, neural arches of M. minor are swollen in external appearance, in cross-section showing considerable deposition of layered, compact bone. In contrast, the arches of E. calliaspis are unswollen externally, with the neural spine cortex composed of the thin perichondral bone expected for placoderms. Histologically, though, the arch comprises numerous layers of perichondral bone. In C. croucheri, as in E. calliaspis, the spine and arch are unswollen externally, but the perichondral bone is thickened and compact, more similar to the condition in M. minor. Vertebral hyperossification in these taxa differs considerably in the degree and mode of cortical tissue thickening, via addition of tissue to the bone’s external (periosteal) and/or internal (endosteal) surfaces. Hyperossifcation in these arthrodires demonstrates that increases in endoskeletal bone mass are not restricted to crown-group gnathostomes (Chondrichthyes + Actinopterygii), representing a first step in the evolution of this process, involving modifications to cortical bone layers.
Pattern and Processes of the Mammalian Turnover of the Arikareean in the Northern Rocky Mountains
Creators: name: Calede, Jonathan J. M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: The later part of the Oligocene (Arikareean North American Land Mammal Age) was a time of major faunal change in North America. It is during this time period that archaic mammalian faunas dominated by extinct families started giving way to more modern faunas, including families still extant today. Studies of this faunal transition have so far focused on the Great Plains and the Columbia Plateau. I present here the first quantitative analysis for the northern Rocky Mountains, combining four new radioisotopic dates and almost 1,000 specimens from a series of vertebrate microfossil assemblages through the Cabbage Patch beds of Montana. I demonstrate that the rise of modern mammalian communities was already under way in the Rocky Mountains 30 million years ago, at the base of the beds. However, the major faunal turnover event took place ca. 28 million years ago, at the transition from the lower to the middle units of the Cabbage Patch beds, and led to the disappearance of many archaic mammal taxa that dominated the start of the Arikareean. This event was synchronous across the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains, and the Columbia Plateau and was driven by the diversification of descendants of immigrants from Eurasia that had reached North America through Beringia. Holdovers from archaic mammalian faunas persist into the upper unit of the beds later than in the Great Plains, but not the Columbia Plateau. Future biogeographic analyses will be necessary to assess the role of topography and environmental change in the rise of modern mammalian communities.
Os jogos de (e com) palavras como resposta educativa a crianças com dislexia: algumas propostas
Word games (and games with words) as an educational response to children with dyslexia: some proposals
Creators: name: Mangas, Catarina
Publisher: name: Escola Superior de Educação de Paula Frassinetti - CIPAF
Year: 2017
Subjects: dislexia; intervenção; lúdico; jogos de palavras

description: A dislexia é uma Perturbação de Aprendizagem Específica que afeta um número significativo de crianças, sendo possível a sua identificação nos primeiros anos de escolaridade. Essa identificação deve induzir a uma intervenção precoce e especializada que seja direcionada para as dificuldades das crianças e que, por outro lado, as motivem para a aprendizagem, através de metodologias diferenciadas.

As atividades lúdicas, nomeadamente os jogos de palavras, colocam as crianças com dislexia num papel ativo, ao refletirem sobre o léxico e as suas componentes, reforçando, através de estratégias metacognitivas, as conexões entre os padrões ortográficos e fonológicos das palavras.

O artigo pretende apresentar uma reflexão sobre as potencialidades destes jogos enquanto resposta educativa a crianças com dislexia, incluindo algumas propostas práticas que são facilmente aplicáveis no âmbito preventivo e/ou reeducativo.

Word games (and games with words) as an educational response to children with dyslexia: some proposals

Abstract

Dyslexia is a Specific Learning Disorder which affects a significant number of children and that can be identified in the early years of schooling. This identification should lead to early and specialized intervention that is focused on the children’s difficulties and, on the other hand, motivates them to learn, through differentiated methodologies.

Play activities, such as word games, place children with dyslexia in an active role, by reflecting on the lexicon and its components, reinforcing, through metacognitive strategies, the connections between the spelling and phonological patterns of words.

The article intends to present a reflection on the potential of these games as an educational response to children with dyslexia, including some practical proposals that are easily applicable in the preventive and/or re-educational scope.

Keywords: dyslexia; intervention; ludic; word games
description: Saber & Educar, n. 23 (2017): Contornos da EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA na perspetiva da lei e das respostas educativas
Examining early childhood gross motor skill proficiency in children born preterm
Creators: name: Rizzardo, Beth Marina Maxine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Preterm birth (<37 weeks) is a public health concern in Canada. Long-term developmental concerns have been documented, however less is known about the relationship between preterm birth and gross motor development. Understanding the acquisition of fundamental motor skills in early childhood is important as it lays the foundation for movement experiences across the lifespan. Although children born early preterm (<32 weeks) show marked gross motor delays, children born preterm at later gestational ages receive little follow-up and are often excluded from research, limiting our knowledge. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between gestational age and gross motor skill performance of children (4-6 years of age) born preterm. Eighteen children (n = 11 f, 7 m; mean age = 5.2 ± 0.7 y) born preterm (mean gestational age = 31.6 ± 3.3 wks) were recruited and assessed in one session on gross motor skill proficiency (Test of Gross Motor Development–Second Edition; TGMD-2), balance (single-leg static balance), and muscular strength (grip strength, standing long jump). Anthropometric measurements were also collected. Pearson product correlations, as well as regression analyses, were conducted to examine relationships of predictors and performance variables. Findings showed that gestational age was not significantly correlated to the TGMD-2 overall Gross Motor Quotient score (r = 0.409, n = 18, p > .05). Irrespective of gestational age, gross motor proficiency was low. Holding age constant, gestational age was found to be a significant predictor of both balance time and standing long jump distance. Children born at later gestational ages balanced longer and jumped further; however balance was still poorly performed by the participants. The findings of this investigation indicate the need for further research into the gross motor skill development of children born preterm throughout the early childhood years. These findings suggest that difficulties in fundamental gross motor skills are exhibited across gestational age and difficulties are not constrained to the first years of life, but also exhibited at preschool and kindergarten-age. This work has implications for the design and implementation of developmentally appropriate programming for the preterm population in the early childhood years.
Supplemental Figures from Walking bumblebees see faster
Creators: name: Rother, Lisa
name: Müller, Robin
name: Kirschenmann, Erwin
name: Foster, James J.
name: Kaya-Zeeb, Sinan
name: Thamm, Markus
name: Pfeiffer, Keram
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This file contains supplemental figures showing the characteristics of the noise stimulus, an example trace showing thermographic data of the thorax and the eye of a bumblebee during walking, coherence and gain measurements of all individuals tested as well as additional statistical graphs.
Forms of Nice Functions
Creators: name: O'Farrell, Anthony G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 39-01 (Primary) 20-01 (Secondary)

description: You can invent striking and challenging problems with unique solution by building some symmetry into functional equations. Some are suitable for high school; others could generate college-level projects involving computer algebra. The problems are functional equations with group actions in the background. Interesting examples arise even from small finite groups. Whether a given problem ``works" with a given choice of constant coefficients depends on whether a related multilinear form is nonzero. These forms are essentially the classical group determinants studied by Frobenius in the nineteenth century.
description: 9 pages. A preprint version. The version of record is to be published in The College Mathematics Journal
DRExplainer: Quantifiable Interpretability in Drug Response Prediction with Directed Graph Convolutional Network
Creators: name: Shi, Haoyuan
name: Xu, Tao
name: Li, Xiaodi
name: Gao, Qian
name: Xiong, Zhiwei
name: Xia, Junfeng
name: Yue, Zhenyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Predicting the response of a cancer cell line to a therapeutic drug is pivotal for personalized medicine. Despite numerous deep learning methods that have been developed for drug response prediction, integrating diverse information about biological entities and predicting the directional response remain major challenges. Here, we propose a novel interpretable predictive model, DRExplainer, which leverages a directed graph convolutional network to enhance the prediction in a directed bipartite network framework. DRExplainer constructs a directed bipartite network integrating multi-omics profiles of cell lines, the chemical structure of drugs and known drug response to achieve directed prediction. Then, DRExplainer identifies the most relevant subgraph to each prediction in this directed bipartite network by learning a mask, facilitating critical medical decision-making. Additionally, we introduce a quantifiable method for model interpretability that leverages a ground truth benchmark dataset curated from biological features. In computational experiments, DRExplainer outperforms state-of-the-art predictive methods and another graph-based explanation method under the same experimental setting. Finally, the case studies further validate the interpretability and the effectiveness of DRExplainer in predictive novel drug response. Our code is available at: https://github.com/vshy-dream/DRExplainer.
Persistent currents of noninteracting electrons
Creators: name: Bary-Soroker, Hamutal
name: Entin-Wohlman, Ora
name: Imry, Yoseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We thoroughly study the persistent current of noninteracting electrons in one, two, and three dimensional thin rings. We find that the results for noninteracting electrons are more relevant for individual mesoscopic rings than hitherto appreciated. The current is averaged over all configurations of the disorder, whose amount is varied from zero up to the diffusive limit, keeping the product of the Fermi wave number and the ring's circumference constant. Results are given as functions of disorder and aspect ratios of the ring. The magnitude of the disorder-averaged current may be larger than the root-mean-square fluctuations of the current from sample to sample even when the mean free path is smaller, but not too small, than the circumference of the ring. Then a measurement of the persistent current of a typical sample will be dominated by the magnitude of the disorder averaged current.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Topological recursion and mirror curves
Creators: name: Bouchard, Vincent
name: Sułkowski, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the constant contributions to the free energies obtained through the topological recursion applied to the complex curves mirror to toric Calabi-Yau threefolds. We show that the recursion reproduces precisely the corresponding Gromov-Witten invariants, which can be encoded in powers of the MacMahon function. As a result, we extend the scope of the "remodeling conjecture" to the full free energies, including the constant contributions. In the process we study how the pair of pants decomposition of the mirror curves plays an important role in the topological recursion. We also show that the free energies are not, strictly speaking, symplectic invariants, and that the recursive construction of the free energies does not commute with certain limits of mirror curves.
description: 37 pages, 4 figures