cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Unhabitual Ideal: William James' Quest for Moral Strenuousness, 1891-1910
Creators: Klug, Samuel Stearns
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: History
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: This essay explores elements of the ethical and political thought of William James (1842-1910) in the last two decades of his life. It examines James' writings and political activities, especially his involvement in the anti-imperialist movement against the American occupation of the Philippines, in the context of the cultural and social upheaval of turn-of-the-century America. Rather than attempting to place James in a specific ideological category, a task that has bedeviled historians for the last century, this essay provides a new framework for examining James' ethics and politics. James approached the social challenges of the 1890s and 1900s through a quest for what I call "moral strenuousness," an ethical perspective that denied philosophical determinism and rejected an optimistic faith in cultural progress. James defined this ideal against both the commercialized culture he saw as dominating American life and the imperialistic and militaristic conceptions of the "strenuous life" advanced by Theodore Roosevelt and Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. James' pursuit of an ideal of moral strenuousness further intersected with his commitment to pluralism, on a metaphysical as well as a social or cultural level. This essay illustrates how the interactions between these two ethical priorities shaped William James' thought and his engagement in public affairs from 1891 to 1910.
references-AC19-1116-Piezoelectricity a literature review for power generation support
Creators: name: Urroz, Denis
name: ORTEGA-JIMENEZ, CESAR H
name: Alverto, Jeffrey
name: Garcia, Julio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 91305 Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: references-AC19-1116-Piezoelectricity a literature review for power generation support
Notocacteae Buxb.
Creators: name: Walter, Helmut E.
name: Guerrero, Pablo C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Caryophyllales
Cactaceae

description: Tribe Notocacteae Buxb.:
 —The Notocacteae had long been a heterogeneous group of South American genera (Parodia Speg., Eriosyce Phil., Blossfeldia Werderm., Frailea Britton & Rose, Copiapoa, Eulychnia, Neowerdermannia Frič, and Austrocactus). Nyffeler’s (2002) DNA-based study, however, showed that Notocacteae sensu Hunt et al. (2006) is highly polyphyletic and, therefore, he reduced the tribe to the strongly supported monophyletic group (“core Notocacteae ”) comprising Eriosyce s.l., Parodia Speg. s.l., and Neowerdermannia. Nyffeler & Eggli (2010) showed that the two monotypic genera Rimacactus Mottram and Yavia Kiesling & Pilz, as well as Eriosyce, Parodia, and Neowerdermannia, form a strongly supported monophyletic clade (“ Notocacteae ”). Finally, the results of Guerrero et al. (2019) corroborated the monophyly of the tribe, yet Hunt et al. (2013) upheld the inclusion of Blossfeldia Werderm. and Frailea Britton & Rose within tribe Notocacteae.
description: Published as part of Walter, Helmut E. & Guerrero, Pablo C., 2022, Towards a unified taxonomic catalogue for the Chilean cacti: assembling molecular systematics and classical taxonomy, pp. 79-98 in Phytotaxa 550 (2) on page 88, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6641038
Pore analysis of porous construction materials by metal intrusion – extending the limits of Washburn’s equation
Creators: name: CHENGKE RUAN
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 100712 Nanoscale Characterisation
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology
subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: 90503 Construction Materials

description: This study focuses on developing analytical methods associated with metal intrusion technique to address some of the limitations of Washburn’s equation, allowing more comprehensive pore analysis from the perspective of pore shape and the spatial distribution of pores. A study of metal intrusion at the nanoscale is also conducted to provide a foundation for future nanopore analysis by metal intrusion, which exceeds the detectable pore size limit of Washburn’s equation.
References for Solar Desalination HDH for coastal hotels: literature review and research trend
Creators: name: Ramos, Edgar
name: Barahona, Danilo
name: Posas, Victoria
name: Ronal Perez
name: ORTEGA-JIMENEZ, CESAR H
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 91305 Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 90703 Environmental Technologies
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: References for Solar Desalination HDH for coastal hotels: literature review and research trend
Loop Variables in String Theory
Creators: name: Sathiapalan, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The loop variable approach is a proposal for a gauge invariant generalization of the sigma-model renormalization group method of obtaining equations of motion in string theory. The basic guiding principle is space-time gauge invariance rather than world-sheet properties. In essence it is a version of Wilson's exact renormalization group equation for the world sheet theory. It involves all the massive modes and is defined with a finite world-sheet cutoff, which allows one to go off the mass-shell. On shell the tree amplitudes of string theory are reproduced. The equations are gauge invariant off shell also. This article is a self-contained discussion of the loop variable approach as well as its connection with the renormalization group.
description: 52 pages, Latex file, 1 figure
references-AC19-1116-Piezoelectricity: a literature review for power generation support
Creators: name: Urroz, Denis
name: ORTEGA-JIMENEZ, CESAR H
name: Alverto, Jeffrey
name: Garcia, Julio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 91305 Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: references-AC19-1116-Piezoelectricity a literature review for power generation support
Smooth dynamics and new theoretical ideas in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics
Creators: name: Ruelle, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reviews various applications of the theory of smooth dynamical systems to conceptual problems of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. We adopt a new point of view which has emerged progressively in recent years, and which takes seriously into account the chaotic character of the microscopic time evolution. The emphasis is on nonequilibrium steady states rather than the traditional approach to equilibrium point of view of Boltzmann. The nonequilibrium steady states, in presence of a Gaussian thermostat, are described by SRB measures. In terms of these one can prove the Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation theorem. One can also prove a general linear response formula and study its consequences, which are not restricted to near equilibrium situations. Under suitable conditions the nonequilibrium steady states satisfy the pairing theorem of Dettmann and Morriss. The results just mentioned hold so far only for classical systems; they do not involve large size, i.e., they hold without a thermodynamic limit.
description: 66 pages, 2figs in tar file (plain tex and ps)
title: Esther, Remy and the crop plant experiments: English Department - Didactics (Angelika Kubanek). Camera and editing: Thomas Wunderling. In cooperation with the Thünen Institute of Biodiversity. Esther Mitterbauer. Remy Manderscheid
Creators: name: Kubanek, Angelika
name: Wunderling, Thomas
name: Mitterbauer, Esther
name: Manderscheid, Remy
Publisher: name: Englische Sprache und ihre Didaktik,
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Klimawandel
subject: Nachhaltigkeitsforschung
subject: Nutzpflanze
subject: Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung
subject: climate change
subject: renewable energie
subject: 570
subject: 420

description: Orpheus Project - public understanding of science: short films about regional sustainability research and sustainability initiatives, in accessible English
The Uneducated: Education and the Mediation of Muslim Identity in the British Raj, 1858-1882
Creators: Batsha, Nishant
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: History

description: The 1857 Rebellion against the East India Company and the subsequent establishment of the British Raj had profound implications on colonial policy. It was in this milieu wherein the Raj began to classify Muslims as naturally irrational and fanatic as well as wholly responsible for the Rebellion. At the same time, the state began a push for Muslim education, and the colonial archive demonstrates a desire by the state for Muslims to enter the government-aided educational apparatus.  This thesis examines the development of Muslim education in North India following the 1857 Rebellion until the publication of the Indian Education Commission of 1882. The question asked is two-fold: (1) why did the colonial state begin a push for education in Muslim communities during this era? (2) What were the ramifications of this policy on Muslim identity?  To answer the first question requires an examination of correspondence within the Education Department, which reveals an intersection between colonial ethnography, social classification, and a post-1857 policing of the Muslim community. The second question allows one to trace the emergence of a group identity that has persisted to the present: that of the uneducated Muslim. However, it is the contention of this thesis that this identity was not simply brought into being by the colonial state, but also the language of the Muslim elite.
Mining Closed Episodes with Simultaneous Events
Creators: name: Tatti, Nikolaj
name: Cule, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sequential pattern discovery is a well-studied field in data mining. Episodes are sequential patterns describing events that often occur in the vicinity of each other. Episodes can impose restrictions to the order of the events, which makes them a versatile technique for describing complex patterns in the sequence. Most of the research on episodes deals with special cases such as serial, parallel, and injective episodes, while discovering general episodes is understudied. In this paper we extend the definition of an episode in order to be able to represent cases where events often occur simultaneously. We present an efficient and novel miner for discovering frequent and closed general episodes. Such a task presents unique challenges. Firstly, we cannot define closure based on frequency. We solve this by computing a more conservative closure that we use to reduce the search space and discover the closed episodes as a postprocessing step. Secondly, episodes are traditionally presented as directed acyclic graphs. We argue that this representation has drawbacks leading to redundancy in the output. We solve these drawbacks by defining a subset relationship in such a way that allows us to remove the redundant episodes. We demonstrate the efficiency of our algorithm and the need for using closed episodes empirically on synthetic and real-world datasets.
Water in the Making of a Modern Socio-Natural Landscape: Rome and its Surroundings, 1870-1922
Creators: name: Valenti, Salvatore
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: In 1870, the ancient tradition of water in Rome was entering into an age of intense changes. The Renaissance water system that had organised water access, distribution and uses for centuries showed signs of infrastructure decay and a variety of social actors, such as state departments, local communities and private companies took an interest in managing water resources for a plurality of aims. The thesis explores the various elements involved in this social struggle for water access, use and distribution and its practical effects on the making of the Roman space. It analyses, within the Roman context, the projects of Italian modernity that involved water, how water was conceptualised and perceived by various members of the Italian elites, the evolution of the Italian water legislation, the impact of cholera and the medicalisation of water, the private pursuits for profits by means of water and local patterns of use. In this way, the making of the water system of the Roman area will emerge not merely as the product of science and technology and/or planning, but by contrast as the unpredictable output of a complex social struggle for water. The new water infrastructures were the result of a process of negotiation and compromise between public offices, businessmen, local communities, powerful stakeholders, and groups of users. From the early twentieth century, this new water system underpinned the creation of a mixed rural/urban landscape, which characterised the urban growth of Rome.
References for Piezoelectricity: a literature review for power generation support
Creators: name: Urroz, Denis
name: ORTEGA-JIMENEZ, CESAR H
name: Alverto, Jeffrey
name: Garcia, Julio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 91305 Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: References for Piezoelectricity: a literature review for power generation support
title: Environmental education and research in Braunschweig: English Department - Didactics (Angelika Kubanek). Camera and editing: Thomas Wunderling. Jill Cruciano, Ms Faliaus, Ms Rohn, Gabriela Hülse
Creators: name: Kubanek, Angelika
name: Wunderling, Thomas
name: Faliaus
name: Rohn
name: Hülse, Gabriela
Publisher: name: Englische Sprache und ihre Didaktik
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Grüne Schule
subject: lokale Nachhaltigkeitsforschung
subject: Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung
subject: Elektromobilität
subject: 370
subject: 333
subject: 420

description: Orpheus Project - public understanding of science: short films about regional sustainability research and sustainability initiatives, in accessible English
title: Kann eine besondere Ernährung einen erblich bedingten Haarausfall aufhalten?: Stellungnahme Nr. 012/2025 des BfR vom 15. April 2025
Creators: name: Bundesinstitut Für Risikobewertung
Publisher: name: Bundesbehörden und Einrichtungen im Geschäftsbereich des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL)
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: 000

description: BfR-Stellungnahmen, vol. 2025, no. 012
Resummation of soft and Coulomb corrections for $t\bar{t}h$ production at the LHC
Creators: name: Ju, Wan-Li
name: Yang, Li Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, a combined resummation of soft and Coulomb corrections is performed for the associated production of the Higgs boson with a top quark pair at the LHC. We illustrate the similarities and critical differences between this process and the $t\bar{t}$ production process. We show that up to the next-to-leading power, the total cross section for $t\bar{t}h$ production admits a similar factorization formula in the threshold limit as that for $t\bar{t}$ production. This fact, however, is not expected to hold at higher powers. Based on the factorization formula, we perform the resummation at the improved next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy, and match to the next-to-leading order result. This allows us to give NLL$'$+NLO predictions for the total cross sections at the LHC. We find that the resummation effects enhance the NLO cross sections by about 6\%, and significantly reduce the scale dependence of the theoretical predictions.
Noether Charges for Self-interacting Quantum Field Theories in Curved Spacetimes with a Killing-vector
Creators: name: Hollands, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider self-interacting, perturbative quantum field theory in a curved spacetime background with a Killing vector field. We show that the action of this spacetime symmetry on interacting field operators can be implemented by a Noether charge which arises as a surface integral over the time-component of the interacting Noether current-density associated with the Killing field. The proof of this involves the demonstration of a corresponding set of Ward identities. Our work is based on the perturbative construction by Brunetti and Fredenhagen (Commun.Math.Phys. 208 (2000) 623-661) of self-interacting quantum field theories in general globally hyperbolic spacetimes.
description: Latex, 29 pages, no figures. v2: minor corrections and rewordings, v3: typos corrected
Copiapoa gigantea Backeb., Jahrb. Deutsche Kakt. Ges.
Creators: name: Walter, Helmut E.
name: Guerrero, Pablo C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Caryophyllales
Cactaceae
Copiapoa
Copiapoa gigantea

description: Copiapoa gigantea Backeb., Jahrb. Deutsche Kakt. Ges. 1: 104. 1936.
 Type:—Not designated.
 = Copiapoa eremophila F. Ritter, Kakt. Südam. 3: 1104–1105. 1980.
 Type:— CHILE, östl. Paposo, s.d. [1956], Ritter 208b [holotype SGO124843, (corpus), areoles, spines].
 Notes: —Backeberg (1936: 104) gave a vague type locality (“ Chile: Provinz Antofagasta, auf nachts oft nebelfeuchten Berggipfeln” = “ Chile: Province Antofagasta, on mountain peaks that are often damp at night”) in the protologue of his Copiapoa gigantea. Later, the same author (Backeberg 1977: 107) specified the locality as “above Paposo”. Ritter (1980: 1100) accepted Backeberg’s species for plants occurring east of Paposo area (“Gegen die Wüste des Hinterlandes wächst sie aber nur gegen Süden, während sie im gleichen Klima und in gleicher Höhenlage etwas nördlicher, nämlich östlich von PAPOSO...” = “Towards the desert of the hinterland, however, it [Copiapoa gigantea var. gigantea] only grows towards the south, while in the same climate and at the same altitude it grows a little further north, namely east of PAPOSO...”) and proposed C. haseltoniana Backeb. at variety rank of C. gigantea (Ritter 1980: 1101) for plant occurrring in “... nördlich Paposo an der Küste...” (= “... north of Paposo on the coast...”).
 Concerning Copiapoa eremophila, Ritter (1980: 1105) reported “Typusort. östlich von PAPOSO am Rand der Vollwüste als einzige noch wachsende Kakteenart; nur von hier bekannt. Von mir entdeckt 1956. Nr. FR 476 (=208a)”, the “Typusort” can be considered as “ holotype ”. We traced this specimen at SGO. Its morphology corresponds to the current concept of C. gigantea (see e.g., Larridon et al. 2015).
 The “current” concept of Copiapoa gigantea (based on molecular evidence) is Larridon 2015. There are no other works occupying with the status of C. gigantea. Former concepts treated C. gigantea as a synonym of C. cinerea subsp. haseltonia (Hunt et al., Hoffmann & Walter (2004), Anderson (2001) as a synonym of Copiapoa haseltonia and Slaba, (in Kaktussy (special) 33: 3. 1997) as C. cinerea subsp. gigantea for sharing the following characters: Apical wool orange-brown; large dense multi-headed mounds; stem diameter 10–25 cm, farina-covered; spines honey-coloured, later turning greyish-blackish, more numerous at higher elevations; young areoles orange brown.Accordingly, and since the type locality of C. eremophila is nearly the same of that of C. gigantea (Paposo), we here propose to synonymize the two names.
description: Published as part of Walter, Helmut E. & Guerrero, Pablo C., 2022, Towards a unified taxonomic catalogue for the Chilean cacti: assembling molecular systematics and classical taxonomy, pp. 79-98 in Phytotaxa 550 (2) on page 90, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6641038
Impurity states and Localization in Bilayer Graphene: the Low Impurity Concentration Regime
Creators: name: Collado, H. P. Ojeda
name: Usaj, Gonzalo
name: Balseiro, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the problem of non-magnetic impurities adsorbed on bilayer graphene in the diluted regime. We analyze the impurity spectral densities for various concentrations and gate fields. We also analyze the effect of the adsorbate on the local density of states (LDOS) of the different C atoms in the structure and present some evidence of strong localization for the electronic states with energies close to the Dirac point.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, proceedings of 27th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT27)
Spectrum of boundary states in N=1 SUSY sine-Gordon theory
Creators: name: Bajnok, Z.
name: Palla, L.
name: Takacs, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider N=1 supersymmetric sine-Gordon theory (SSG) with supersymmetric integrable boundary conditions (boundary SSG = BSSG). We find two possible ways to close the boundary bootstrap for this model, corresponding to two different choices for the boundary supercharge. We argue that these two bootstrap solutions should correspond to the two integrable Lagrangian boundary theories considered recently by Nepomechie.
description: 25 pages, 7 eps figures. Reference added
Impact of Ground Truth Annotation Quality on Performance of Semantic Image Segmentation of Traffic Conditions
Creators: name: Taran, Vlad
name: Gordienko, Yuri
name: Rokovyi, Alexandr
name: Alienin, Oleg
name: Stirenko, Sergii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Preparation of high-quality datasets for the urban scene understanding is a labor-intensive task, especially, for datasets designed for the autonomous driving applications. The application of the coarse ground truth (GT) annotations of these datasets without detriment to the accuracy of semantic image segmentation (by the mean intersection over union - mIoU) could simplify and speedup the dataset preparation and model fine tuning before its practical application. Here the results of the comparative analysis for semantic segmentation accuracy obtained by PSPNet deep learning architecture are presented for fine and coarse annotated images from Cityscapes dataset. Two scenarios were investigated: scenario 1 - the fine GT images for training and prediction, and scenario 2 - the fine GT images for training and the coarse GT images for prediction. The obtained results demonstrated that for the most important classes the mean accuracy values of semantic image segmentation for coarse GT annotations are higher than for the fine GT ones, and the standard deviation values are vice versa. It means that for some applications some unimportant classes can be excluded and the model can be tuned further for some classes and specific regions on the coarse GT dataset without loss of the accuracy even. Moreover, this opens the perspectives to use deep neural networks for the preparation of such coarse GT datasets.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, The Second International Conference on Computer Science, Engineering and Education Applications (ICCSEEA2019) 26-27 January 2019, Kiev, Ukraine
Pauli principle and chaos in a magnetized disk
Creators: name: Badrinarayanan, R.
name: Góngora-T, A.
name: José, Jorge V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of a detailed quantum mechanical study of a gas of $N$ noninteracting electrons confined to a circular boundary and subject to homogeneous dc plus ac magnetic fields $(B=B_{dc}+B_{ac}f(t)$, with $f(t+2π/ω_0)=f(t)$). We earlier found a one-particle {\it classical} phase diagram of the (scaled) Larmor frequency $\tildeω_c=omega_c/ω_0$ {\rm vs} $ε=B_{ac}/B_{dc}$ that separates regular from chaotic regimes. We also showed that the quantum spectrum statistics changed from Poisson to Gaussian orthogonal ensembles in the transition from classically integrable to chaotic dynamics. Here we find that, as a function of $N$ and $(ε,\tildeω_c)$, there are clear quantum signatures in the magnetic response, when going from the single-particle classically regular to chaotic regimes. In the quasi-integrable regime the magnetization non-monotonically oscillates between diamagnetic and paramagnetic as a function of $N$. We quantitatively understand this behavior from a perturbation theory analysis. In the chaotic regime, however, we find that the magnetization oscillates as a function of $N$ but it is {\it always} diamagnetic. Equivalent results are also presented for the orbital currents. We also find that the time-averaged energy grows like $N^2$ in the quasi-integrable regime but changes to a linear $N$ dependence in the chaotic regime. In contrast, the results with Bose statistics are akin to the single-particle case and thus different from the fermionic case. We also give an estimate of possible experimental parameters were our results may be seen in semiconductor quantum dot billiards.
description: 22 pages, 7 GIF figures, Phys. Rev. E. (1999)
Excited Eigenstates and Strength Functions for Isolated Systems of Interacting Particles
Creators: name: Flambaum, V. V.
name: Izrailev, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Eigenstates in finite systems such as nuclei, atoms, atomic clusters and quantum dots with few excited particles are chaotic superpositions of shell model basis states. We study criterion for the equilibrium distribution of basis components (ergodicity, or Quantum Chaos), effects of level density variation and transition from the Breit-Wigner to the Gaussian shape of eigenstates and strength functions. In the model of $n$ interacting particles distributed over $m$ orbitals, the shape is given by the Breit-Wigner function with the width in the form of gaussian dependence on energy.
description: 4 pages in RevTex and 1 Postscript figure
Phase field modelling of crack propagation in functionally graded materials
Creators: name: Hirshikesh
name: Natarajan, Sundararajan
name: Annabattula, Ratna K.
name: Martínez-Pañeda, Emilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a phase field formulation for fracture in functionally graded materials (FGMs). The model builds upon homogenization theory and accounts for the spatial variation of elastic and fracture properties. Several paradigmatic case studies are addressed to demonstrate the potential of the proposed modelling framework. Specifically, we (i) gain insight into the crack growth resistance of FGMs by conducting numerical experiments over a wide range of material gradation profiles and orientations, (ii) accurately reproduce the crack trajectories observed in graded photodegradable copolymers and glass-filled epoxy FGMs, (iii) benchmark our predictions with results from alternative numerical methodologies, and (iv) model complex crack paths and failure in three dimensional functionally graded solids. The suitability of phase field fracture methods in capturing the crack deflections intrinsic to crack tip mode-mixity due to material gradients is demonstrated. Material gradient profiles that prevent unstable fracture and enhance crack growth resistance are identified: this provides the foundation for the design of fracture resistant FGMs. The finite element code developed can be downloaded from www.empaneda.com/codes.
Scattered light shadows in warped protoplanetary discs
Creators: name: Nealon, Rebecca
name: Pinte, Christophe
name: Alexander, Richard
name: Mentiplay, Daniel
name: Dipierro, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical simulations have demonstrated that the structure of a protoplanetary disc may be strongly affected by a planet orbiting in a plane that is misaligned to the disc. When the planet is able to open a gap, the disc is separated into an inner, precessing disc and an outer disc with a warp. In this work, we compute infrared scattered light images to investigate the observational consequences of such an arrangement. We find that an inner disc misaligned by a less than a degree to the outer disc is indeed able to cast a shadow at larger radii. In our simulations a planet of around 6 Jupiter masses inclined by around 2 degrees is enough to warp the disc and cast a shadow with a depth of more than 10% of the average flux at that radius. We also demonstrate that warp in the outer disc can cause a variation in the azimuthal brightness profile at large radii. Importantly, this latter effect is a function of the distance from the star and is most prominent in the outer disc. We apply our model to the TW Hya system, where a misaligned, precessing inner disc has been invoked to explain an recently observed shadow in the outer disc. Consideration of the observational constraints suggest that an inner disc precessing due to a misaligned planet is an unlikely explanation for the features found in TW Hya.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 13 pages and 9 figures. Movies available at https://youtu.be/vuzX0KbhgGA and https://youtu.be/q4XeK60NGOE
(Quantum) Space-Time as a Statistical Geometry of Fuzzy Lumps and the Connection with Random Metric Spaces
Creators: name: Requardt, Manfred
name: Roy, Sisir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a kind of pregeometry consisting of a web of overlapping fuzzy lumps which interact with each other. The individual lumps are understood as certain closely entangled subgraphs (cliques) in a dynamically evolving network which, in a certain approximation, can be visualized as a time-dependent random graph. This strand of ideas is merged with another one, deriving from ideas, developed some time ago by Menger et al, that is, the concept of probabilistic- or random metric spaces, representing a natural extension of the metrical continuum into a more microscopic regime. It is our general goal to find a better adapted geometric environment for the description of microphysics. In this sense one may it also view as a dynamical randomisation of the causal-set framework developed by e.g. Sorkin et al. In doing this we incorporate, as a perhaps new aspect, various concepts from fuzzy set theory.
description: 25 pages, Latex, no figures, some references added, some minor changes added relating to previous work
Stabilizing textures with magnetic fields
Creators: name: Ward, R S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The best-known way of stabilizing textures is by Skyrme-like terms, but another possibility is to use gauge fields. The semilocal vortex may be viewed as an example of this, in two spatial dimensions. In three dimensions, however, the idea (in its simplest form) does not work -- the link between the gauge field and the scalar field is not strong enough to prevent the texture from collapsing. Modifying the |D Phi|^2 term in the Lagrangian (essentially by changing the metric on the Phi-space) can strengthen this link, and lead to stability. Furthermore, there is a limit in which the gauge field is entirely determined in terms of the scalar field, and the system reduces to a pure Skyrme-like one. This is described for gauge group U(1), in dimensions two and three. The non-abelian version is discussed briefly, but as yet no examples of texture stabilization are known in this case.
description: 11 pages, 2 eps figures
Black Holes in the Turbulent Phase of Viscous Rip Cosmology
Creators: name: Brevik, Iver
name: Jamil, Mubasher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phantom fluid in the late universe, thus assuming the equation of state parameter $w$ to be less than $-1$. The fluid is assumed to consist of two components, one laminar component $ρ$ and one turbulent component $ρ_T$, the latter set proportional to $ρ$ as well as to the Hubble parameter, $ρ_T =3τHρ$ with $τ$ a positive constant associated with the turbulence. The effective energy density is taken to be $ρ_e= ρ+ ρ_T$, and the corresponding effective pressure is $p_e=w ρ_e$, with $w$ constant. These basic assumptions lead to a Big Rip universe; the physical quantities diverging during a finite rip time $t_s$. We then consider the mass accretion of a black hole in such a universe. The most natural assumption of setting the rate $dM/dt$ proportional to $M^2$ times the sum $ρ_e+p_e$, leads to a negative mass accretion, where $M(t)$ goes to zero linearly in $(t_s-t)$ near the singularity. The Hubble parameter diverges as $(t_s-t)^{-1}$, whereas $ρ_e$ and $p_e$ diverge as $(t_s-t)^{-2}$. We also discuss other options and include, for the sake of comparison, some essential properties of mass accretion in the early (inflationary) universe.
description: 7 pages latex 2e, no figures; to appear in Int. J. Geom. Meth. Mod. Phys
The Unity of Political Principle
Creators: MacInnis, Luke
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Practical reason
subject: Concord
subject: Principle (Philosophy)
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The aim of this project is to argue that practical reason governs our normative responsibilities in one voice.  There are no genuine conflicts within law, none within morality, and none between law and morality.  On the contrary, there are single right answers to questions about what law and morality, considered separately or together, demand.  I try to show that this claim, which I refer to as the "Unity Thesis", is both ordinary and deeply valuable.  It concerns the correct way to understand, judge, and reason about the normative principles our political, legal, and moral practices establish.  The Unity Thesis holds that we ought to, and that we already tacitly do, regard these principles as constituting an integrated, mutually supportive practical system--a unity of principle.
The Unipolar Era:  Why American Power Persists and China's Rise Is Limited
Creators: Beckley, Michael Charles
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Unipolarity (International relations)
subject: International relations

description: Is unipolarity sustainable? The dominant perspective among international relations scholars is that the United States is in decline relative to China, and that much of this decline is the result of globalization and the hegemonic burdens the United States bears to sustain globalization. According to an alternative perspective, however, globalization and hegemony reinforce unipolarity. This study tests these perspectives against each other and finds significant support for the alternative perspective. The results suggest that unipolarity is not a temporary aberration, but rather a deeply embedded condition with the potential to persist well into this century.
Dynamic Phase Transition and Hysteresis in Kinetic Ising Models
Creators: name: Rikvold, P. A.
name: Korniss, G.
name: White, C. J.
name: Novotny, M. A.
name: Sides, S. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We briefly introduce hysteresis in spatially extended systems and the dynamic phase transition observed as the frequency of the oscillating field increases beyond a critical value. Hysteresis and the decay of metastable phases are closely related phenomena, and a dynamic phase transition can occur only for field amplitudes, temperatures, and system sizes at which the metastable phase decays through nucleation and growth of many droplets. We present preliminary results from extensive Monte Carlo simulations of a two-dimensional kinetic Ising model in a square-wave oscillating field and estimate critical exponents by finite-size scaling techniques adapted from equilibrium critical phenomena. The estimates are consistent with the universality class of the two-dimensional equilibrium Ising model and inconsistent with two-dimensional random percolation. However, we are not aware of any theoretical arguments indicating why this should be so. Thus, the question of the universality class of this nonequilibrium critical phenomenon remains open.
description: LaTex 17 pages, including eps and ps figures. Submitted for inclusion in Computer Simulation Studies in Condensed Matter Physics XII, edited by D.P. Landau, et al. (Springer, Heidelberg, in press) Revision only changes misprints in bibliographic information
Eriosyce jussieui P. C. Guerrero & Helmut Walter, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Walter, Helmut E.
name: Guerrero, Pablo C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Caryophyllales
Cactaceae
Eriosyce
Eriosyce jussieui

description: Eriosyce jussieui (Monv. ex Salm-Dyck) P.C. Guerrero & Helmut Walter, comb. nov.
 ≡ Echinocactus jussieui Monv. ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck 1849: 170 (1850).
 Type (neotype, designated here):— CHILE: Coquimbo, Elqui, 20 km West of Vicuña, Ritter 252a [SGO121545!, corpus, areoles, spines (includes a small rooted seedling)].
description: Published as part of Walter, Helmut E. & Guerrero, Pablo C., 2022, Towards a unified taxonomic catalogue for the Chilean cacti: assembling molecular systematics and classical taxonomy, pp. 79-98 in Phytotaxa 550 (2) on page 93, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6641038
Coupling phenomena and collective effects in resonant meta-molecules supporting plasmonic and magnetic functionalities: a review
Creators: name: Maccaferri, Nicolò
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review both the fundamental aspects and the applications of functional magneto-optic and opto-magnetic metamaterials displaying collective and coupling effects on the nanoscale, where the concepts of optics and magnetism merge to produce unconventional phenomena. The use of magnetic materials instead of the usual noble metals allows for an additional degree of freedom for the control of electromagnetic field properties, as well as it allows light to interact with the spins of the electrons and to actively manipulate the magnetic properties of such nanomaterials. In this context, we explore the concepts of near-field coupling of plasmon modes in magnetic meta-molecules, as well as the effect of excitation of surface lattice resonances in magneto-plasmonic crystals. Moreover, we discuss how these coupling effects can be exploited to artificially enhance optical magnetism in plasmonic meta-molecules and crystals. Finally, we highlight some of the present challenges and provide a perspective on future directions of the research towards photon-driven fast and efficient nanotechnologies bridging magnetism and optics beyond current limits.
Pyroelectric Potential Decay vs LiNbO3 Crystal Dimensions
Creators: name: Tkachenko, Volodymyr
name: Rega, Romina
name: Itri, Simona
name: Schwödiauer, Reinhard
name: Ferraro, Pietro
name: Grilli, Simonetta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Pyroelectric ;LiNbO3

description: Pyroelectric Potential Decay vs LiNbO3 Crystal Dimensions
The role of dilations in diffeomorphism covariant algebraic quantum field theory
Creators: name: Rainer, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum analogue of general relativistic geometry should be implementable on smooth manifolds without an a priori metric structure, the kinematical covariance group acting by diffeomorphisms. Here I approach quantum gravity (QG) in the view of constructive, algebraic quantum field theory (QFT). Comparing QG with usual QFT, the algebraic approach clarifies analogies and peculiarities. As usual, an isotonic net of *-algebras is taken to encode the quantum field operators. For QG, the kinematical covariance group acts via diffeomorphisms on the open sets of the manifold, and via algebraic isomorphisms on the algebras. In general, the algebra of observables is covariant only under a (dynamical) subgroup of the general diffeomorphism group. After an algebraic implementation of the dynamical subgroup of dilations, small and large scale cutoffs may be introduced algebraically. So the usual a priori conflict of cutoffs with general covariance is avoided. Even more, these cutoffs provide a natural local cobordism for topological quantum field theory. A new commutant duality between the minimal and maximal algebra allows to extract the modular structure from the net of algebras. The outer modular isomorphisms are then again related to dilations, which (under certain conditions) may provide a notion of time.
description: 11 pages, LaTeX, typos corrected
Technologies for "Complete, Transparent & Interactive Models of Math" in Education
Creators: name: Neuper, Walther
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.3;F.4.1;I.2.3;K.3

description: A new generation of educational mathematics software is being shaped in ThEdu and other academic communities on the side of computer mathematics. Respective concepts and technologies have been clarified to an extent, which calls for cooperation with educational sciences in order to optimise the new generation's impact on educational practice. The paper addresses educational scientists who want to examine specific software features and estimate respective effects in STEM education at universities and subsequently at high-school. The key features are characterised as a "complete, transparent and interactive model of mathematics", which offers interactive experience in all relevant aspects in doing mathematics. Interaction uses several layers of formal languages: the language of terms, of specifications, of proofs and of program language, which are connected by Lucas-Interpretation providing "next-step-guidance" as well as providing prover power to check user input. So this paper is structured from the point of view of computer mathematics and thus cannot give a serious description of effects on educational practice -- this is up to collaboration with educational science; such collaboration is prepared by a series of questions, some of which are biased towards software usability (and mainly to be solved by computer mathematicians) and some of which are biased towards genuine research in educational sciences.
description: In Proceedings ThEdu'18, arXiv:1903.12402
Eriosyce fulva P. C. Guerrero & Helmut Walter, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Walter, Helmut E.
name: Guerrero, Pablo C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Caryophyllales
Cactaceae
Eriosyce
Eriosyce fulva

description: Eriosyce fulva (F.Ritter) P.C. Guerrero & Helmut Walter comb. nov.
 ≡ Thelocephala fulva F.Ritter, Kakt. Südamer. 3: 1011. 1980.
 Holotype:— CHILE: Atacama, Totoral, 1956, Ritter 500 (U0249077! https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/ U %20%200249077).
description: Published as part of Walter, Helmut E. & Guerrero, Pablo C., 2022, Towards a unified taxonomic catalogue for the Chilean cacti: assembling molecular systematics and classical taxonomy, pp. 79-98 in Phytotaxa 550 (2) on page 93, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6641038
Power spectra of extinction in the fossil record
Creators: name: Newman, M. E. J.
name: Eble, Gunther J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Quantitative Biology (q-bio)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Recent Fourier analyses of fossil extinction data have indicated that the power spectrum of extinction during the Phanerozoic may take the form of 1/f noise, a result which, it has been suggested, could be indicative of the presence of "critical dynamics" in the processes giving rise to extinction. In this paper we examine extinction power spectra in some detail, using family-level data from a variety of different sources. We find that although the average form of the power spectrum roughly obeys the 1/f law, the spectrum can be represented more accurately by dividing it into two regimes: a low-frequency one which is well fit by an exponential, and a high-frequency one in which it follows a power law with a 1/f^2 form. We give explanations for the occurrence of each of these behaviours and for the position of the cross-over between them.
description: 11 pages including 4 postscript figures, typeset in LaTeX2e using the Elsevier macro package elsart.cls
The United States Response to Sex Trafficking Survivors
Creators: Brown, Patrice
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Human rights
Human trafficking victims
Victims of crimes--Services for
Victims of crimes--Government policy

description: The United States must uphold its international human rights obligations by successfully helping survivors of sex trafficking integrate into society post-trafficking. Sex trafficking is a global issue that violates a multitude of human rights. The United States has an international obligation to uphold and fulfill the human rights of victims of sex trafficking. In the year 2000 the United States enacted the Trafficking Victims Protection Act which effectively sought to define the human trafficking problem in the United States and set guidelines for addressing the matter as a national concern. The TVPA frames human trafficking in all forms as a criminal issue, ignoring the human right obligations that the United States holds towards victims. Although the TVPA lacks a human rights framework the United States does make provision for human trafficking survivors in through legislation. These provisions are deemed the most critical post-trafficking needs as defined by legislators with no input from sex trafficking survivors. The goal of thesis project is to understand whether the United States methods of redress for sex trafficking survivors is sufficient for their successful integration into society. The human rights that are violated by sex trafficking if left unaddressed allow for the continued victimization of survivors. Only through the restoration of those violated human rights can survivors of sex trafficking successfully integrate into society.