cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Community and regional scale patterns of native and exotic plant species in sand beaches of Vancouver Island, British Columbia
Creators: name: Page, Nicholas Alexander
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: I compared the distribution and abundance of native and exotic plant species at two spatial scales using vegetation data from eighteen beaches on the west coast of Vancouver Island, BC. I found that native and exotic plant species have similar patterns of distribution and abundance at both community and regional scales. This suggests that despite some biological differences between native and exotic species they share common ecological patterns. Within sand beach plant communities, I found that spatial patterns of native and exotic plant species richness were similar; both were low near the shore, reached a maximum approximately 50 m inland, and then declined in the dunes behind. The results support the generalization that increased invasibility from exotic species is associated with sites of high native species richness within plant communities. This pattern is a major conservation concern because it indicates that sites with the highest biological diversity are at the greatest risk from exotic species invasion. Native and exotic species richness peaked in plots with the most fertile soils. At a regional scale, native and exotic plant species also have similar ecological patterns. Regional distribution-local abundance relationships, which were analyzed using data from sand beaches together with seven other plant communities, for native and exotic plants species in regional patch networks were statistically coincident or similar. As well, the proportions of native and exotic species in patch occupancy classes were statistically equal in all regional patch networks. Most native and exotic species were both regionally rare and locally sparse. Collectively, the results indicate that the distribution and abundance of native and exotic plant species are not independent at a regional scale. I also described and named seven sand beach plant associations from the west coast of Vancouver Island: 1) Cakile edentula - Atriplex gmelinii Sparse Vegetation; 2) Leymus mollis spp. mollis - Lathyrus japonicus Herbaceous Vegetation; 3) Festuca rubra - Fragaria chiloensis Herbaceous Vegetation; 4) Ammophila arenaria Herbaceous Vegetation; 5) Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Dwarf Shrubland; 6) Eurhynchium oreganum / Gaultheria shallon Shrubland; and, 7) Poa macrantha Sparse Vegetation. All are of potential conservation concern because the limited development of beach vegetation in coastal British Columbia.
Evaluating Watershed Management Projects
Creators: name: Kerr, John M.
name: Chung, Kimberly
name: Kerr, John M.
name: Chung, Kimberly
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: watershed
subject: natural resource management
subject: project evaluation

description: Watershed projects play an increasingly important role in managing soil and water resources throughout the world. Research is needed to ensure that new projects draw upon lessons from their predecessors’ experiences. However, the technical and social complexities of watershed projects make evaluation difficult. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods, which traditionally have been used separately, both have strengths and weaknesses. Combining them can make evaluation more effective, particularly when constraints to study design exist. This paper presents mixed-methods approaches for evaluating watershed projects. A recent evaluation in India provides illustrations.
Additional file 1 of Social networks and their influences on nutrient intake, nutritional status and physical function in community-dwelling ethnically diverse older adults: a mixed-methods longitudinal study
Creators: name: Asamane, Evans A.
name: Greig, Carolyn A.
name: Thompson, Janice L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Demographic characteristics and other variables by the broad two social networks.
Quadratic addition rules for quantum integers
Creators: name: Kontorovich, Alex V.
name: Nathanson, Melvyn B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30B12, 81R50, 11B139

description: For every positive integer $n$, the quantum integer $[n]_q$ is the polynomial $[n]_q = 1 + q + q^2 + ... + q^{n-1}.$ A quadratic addition rule for quantum integers consists of sequences of polynomials $\mathcal{R}' = \{r'_n(q)\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$, $\mathcal{S}' = \{s'_n(q)\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$, and $\mathcal{T}' = \{t'_{m,n}(q)\}_{m,n=1}^{\infty}$ such that $[m+n]_q = r'_n(q)[m]_q + s'_m(q)[n]_q + t'_{m,n}(q)[m]_q[n]_q$ for all $m$ and $n.$ This paper gives a complete classification of quadratic addition rules, and also considers sequences of polynomials \polf that satisfy the associated functional equation $f_{m+n}(q)= r'_n(q)f_m(q) + s'_m(q)f_n(q) + t'_{m,n}f_m(q)f_n(q).$
description: 9 pages
Cluster arc statistics
Creators: name: Ho, Shirley
name: White, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the strong gravitational lensing properties of galaxy clusters obtained from N-body simulations with standard $Λ$CDM cosmology. We have used the 32 most massive clusters from a simulation at various redshifts and ray-traced through the clusters to investigate the giant arcs statistics. We have investigated the prevalence of multiple arc system, by looking at the multiple arc fraction (defined in the paper) systematically in various clusters and we have found that $\sim 40-50%$ of the clusters that produce giant arcs give multiple arcs, which agrees with the RCS{\sc ii} observations. We have also investigated the mass distributions that are efficient in lensing, discussed effects of source sizes and various other factors that are very important in the formation of giant arcs.
description: 12 pages, 14 figures, Modified to address feedback recieved
Land Dispute Resolution in Mozambique: institutions and evidence of agroforestry technology adoption
Creators: name: Unruh, Jon D.
name: Unruh, Jon D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Land Economics/Use
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Successful adoption of natural resource management technologies requires that important fundamentals of property rights be established. Because disputes over property rights occur universally, the ability to successfully defend one’s rights to property exercises a central influence on the tenure security necessary for technology adoption. However, defending rights to property rests upon the possession of evidence that is readily available and widely regarded as legitimate. This paper presents work carried out in postwar Mozambique on the availability and legitimacy of evidence pertaining to land tenure dispute resolution. What is unusual about the Mozambique case is that the physical presence of a natural resource management technology—agroforestry trees in this case—also serves as one of the most widely available and legitimate forms of evidence in the postwar period. Such an arrangement reveals important aspects about the reverse relationship between property rights and technology adoption. While such an evidence role for a technology may at first appear to encourage further adoption of agroforestry, important influences on property rights in the postwar setting serve to discourage full adoption and jeopardize the long-term presence of existing agroforestry trees. It remains to be seen if recent legislative changes regarding property rights will successfully engage customary forms of evidence and encourage full adoption of agroforestry in Mozambique.
Model Building and Phenomenology of Flux-Induced Supersymmetry Breaking on D3-branes
Creators: name: Marchesano, Fernando
name: Shiu, Gary
name: Wang, Lian-Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study supersymmetry breaking effects induced on D3-branes at singularities by the presence of NSNS and RR 3-form fluxes. First, we discuss some local constructions of chiral models from D3-branes at singularities, as well as their global embedding in flux compactifications. The low energy spectrum of these constructions contains features of the supersymmetric Standard Model. In these models, both the soft SUSY parameters and the mu-term are generated by turning on the 3-form NSNS and RR fluxes. We then explore some model-independent phenomenological features as, e.g., the fine-tuning problem of electroweak symmetry breaking in flux compactifications. We also comment on other phenomenological features of this scenario.
description: 41 pages, 10 figures
Machine-learning Based Extraction of the Short-Range Part of the Interaction in Non-contact Atomic Force Microscopy
Creators: name: Diao, Zhuo
name: Katsube, Daiki
name: Yamashita, Hayato
name: Sugimoto, Yoshiaki
name: Custance, Oscar
name: Abe, Masayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A machine-learning method for extracting the short-range part of the probe-surface interaction from force spectroscopy curves is presented. Our machine-learning algorithm consists of two stages: the first stage determines a boundary that separates the region where the short-range interaction is dominantly acting on the probe, and a second stage that finds the parameters to fit the interaction over the long-range region. We successfully applied this method to force spectroscopy maps acquired over the Si(111)-(7x7) surface and found, as a result, a faint structure on the short-range interaction for one of the probes used in the experiments that would have probably been obviated using human-supervised fitting strategies.
Between Market Failure, Policy Failure and "Community Failure": Property Rights, Crop-Livestock Conflicts and the Adoption of Sustainable Land Use Practices in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka
Creators: name: Birner, Regina
name: Gunaweera, Hasantha
name: Birner, Regina
name: Gunaweera, Hasantha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Land Economics/Use
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Using the case of the semi-arid zone of Southern Sri Lanka as an example, the paper shows that crop damages caused by grazing livestock can constitute an important obstacle to the adoption of available technologies for more sustainable land use. The paper considers crop damages as an externality problem and shows that the classical solutions to externalities—the neo-liberal, the interventionist solution and the communitarian solution—cannot be applied in the Sri Lankan case due to market failure, government failure and “community failure.” The paper discusses collective action and bargaining between organized interest groups as an alternative solution and analyses the conditions which make such a solution work. The paper concludes that - in the Sri Lankan case - a decentralized system of government, a preferential voting system creating incentives for politicians, an institutionalized negotiation platform, and the facilitating role of intermediaries favored this solution.
Topological entanglement properties of disconnected partitions in the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model
Creators: name: Micallo, Tommaso
name: Vitale, Vittorio
name: Dalmonte, Marcello
name: Fromholz, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the disconnected entanglement entropy, $S^D$, of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. $S^D$ is a combination of both connected and disconnected bipartite entanglement entropies that removes all area and volume law contributions, and is thus only sensitive to the non-local entanglement stored within the ground state manifold. Using analytical and numerical computations, we show that $S^D$ behaves as a topological invariant, i.e., it is quantized to either $0$ or $2 \log (2)$ in the topologically trivial and non-trivial phases, respectively. These results also hold in the presence of symmetry-preserving disorder. At the second-order phase transition separating the two phases, $S^D$ displays a system-size scaling behavior akin to those of conventional order parameters, that allows us to compute entanglement critical exponents. To corroborate the topological origin of the quantized values of $S^D$, we show how the latter remain quantized after applying unitary time evolution in the form of a quantum quench, a characteristic feature of topological invariants.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures. Submission to SciPost v2: -added a section elaborating on why $S^D$ is invariant after a quench, and a section why the conclusion of the paper extend to the whole BDI class. -added references -now 25 pages, 11 figures
Disorder-Free Localization and Many-Body Quantum Scars from Magnetic Frustration
Creators: name: McClarty, Paul A.
name: Haque, Masudul
name: Sen, Arnab
name: Richter, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of geometrical frustration has led to rich insights into condensed matter physics, especially as a mechansim to produce exotic low energy states of matter. Here we show that frustration provides a natural vehicle to generate models exhibiting anomalous thermalization of various types within high energy states. We consider three classes of non-integrable frustrated spin models: (I) systems with local conserved quantities where the number of symmetry sectors grows exponentially with the system size but more slowly than the Hilbert space dimension, (II) systems with exact eigenstates that are singlet coverings, and (III) flat band systems hosting magnon crystals. We argue that several 1D and 2D models from class (I) exhibit disorder-free localization in high energy states so that information propagation is dynamically inhibited on length scales greater than a few lattice spacings. We further show that models of class (II) and (III) exhibit quantum many-body scars -- eigenstates of non-integrable Hamiltonians with finite energy density and anomalously low entanglement entropy. Our results demonstrate that magnetic frustration supplies a means to systematically construct classes of non-integrable models exhibiting anomalous thermalization in mid-spectrum states.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures; revised version, new figures; accepted for publication in Physical Review B
Electronic and center of mass transitions driven by Laguerre-Gaussian beams
Creators: name: Alexandrescu, A.
name: di Fabrizio, E.
name: Cojoc, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the interaction Hamiltonian of a Laguerre-Gaussian beam with a simple atomic system, under the assumption of a small spread of the center of mass wave function in comparison with the waist of the Laguerre-Gaussian beam. The center of mass motion of the atomic system is taken into account. Using the properties of regular spherical harmonics the internal and center of mass coordinates are separated without making any multipolar expansion. Then the selection rules of the internal and of the center of mass motion transitions follow immediately. The influence of the winding number of the Laguerre-Gaussian beams on the selection rules and transition probability of the center of mass motion is discussed.
description: requires IOP class file
Additional file 1 of Association between chronic diseases and falls among a sample of older people in Finland
Creators: name: Immonen, Milla
name: Haapea, Marianne
name: Similä, Heidi
name: Enwald, Heidi
name: Keränen, Niina
name: Kangas, Maarit
name: Jämsä, Timo
name: Korpelainen, Raija
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. GASEL questionnaire (English version). Translated version of the study questionnaire. Original language of the questionnaire is Finnish. Linguistic validation between Finnish and English versions has not been performed.
Lennard--Jones and Lattice Models of Driven Fluids
Creators: name: Díez--Minguito, M.
name: Garrido, P. L.
name: Marro, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a nonequilibrium off--lattice model for anisotropic phenomena in fluids. This is a Lennard--Jones generalization of the driven lattice--gas model in which the particles' spatial coordinates vary continuously. A comparison between the two models allows us to discuss some exceptional, hardly realistic features of the original discrete system --which has been considered a prototype for nonequilibrium anisotropic phase transitions. We thus help to clarify open issues, and discuss on the implications of our observations for future investigation of anisotropic phase transitions.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Land inheritance and schooling in matrilineal societies: evidence from Sumatra
Creators: name: Quisumbing, Agnes R.
name: Otsuka, Keijiro
name: Quisumbing, Agnes R.
name: Otsuka, Keijiro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital
Land Economics/Use

description: This research was supported by the Government of Japan, the United Kingdom's Department for International Development, and the United States Agency for International Development, Office of Women in Development, Grant No. FAO-0100-G- 00-5020-00, on "Strengthening Development Policy through Gender Analysis: An Integrated Multicountry Research Program." We would like to thank S. Suyanto and Novi Khususiyah for implementing the inheritance survey in Western Sumatra, Ellen Payongayong for excellent research assistance, and Jonna Estudillo and seminar participants at IFPRI and Syracuse University for helpful comments. All errors and omissions are ours.
Additional file 2 of Whole-genome sequencing of European autochthonous and commercial pig breeds allows the detection of signatures of selection for adaptation of genetic resources to different breeding and production systems
Creators: name: Bovo, Samuele
name: Ribani, Anisa
name: Muñoz, Maria
name: Alves, Estefania
name: Araujo, Jose P.
name: Bozzi, Riccardo
name: Čandek-Potokar, Marjeta
name: Charneca, Rui
name: Palma, Federica Di
name: Etherington, Graham
name: Fernandez, Ana I.
name: Fabián García
name: García-Casco, Juan
name: Karolyi, Danijel
name: Gallo, Maurizio
name: Margeta, Vladimir
name: Martins, José Manuel
name: Mercat, Marie J.
name: Moscatelli, Giulia
name: Núñez, Yolanda
name: Quintanilla, Raquel
name: Čedomir Radović
name: Razmaite, Violeta
name: Riquet, Juliette
name: Savić, Radomir
name: Schiavo, Giuseppina
name: Usai, Graziano
name: Utzeri, Valerio J.
name: Zimmer, Christoph
name: Ovilo, Cristina
name: Fontanesi, Luca
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Evaluation of the D-statistics for the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Figure S2. Selection of the window size. (a) The number of windows with less than 10 SNPs over windows of variable size (in the range from 50 to 300-kb) is presented. Red dots represent windows larger than 100 kb, for which the number of windows with less than 10 SNPs started to asymptotically decrease. (b to d) Distribution of the number of SNPs contained in the 50-, 100- and 150-kb windows, respectively. Figure S3. FST based Neighbour-Joining tree. Next to the branches, the bootstrap test values expressed as percentage over 10,000 replicates are indicated in red. Figure S4. Mantel test between FST distance and the geographical distances (based on longitudinal and latitudinal coordinates) among autochthonous pig populations. Figure S5. Manhattan plots of the genome-wide HP analyses. Each dot represents a 100-kb genome window. Figure S6. Manhattan plots of the genome-wide FST analyses. Each dot represents a 100-kb genome window. Figure S7. Manhattan plots of the genome-wide FST analysis of breed groups Each dot represents a 100-kb genome window. Figure S8. Allele frequencies of SNPs in putative regions of signatures of selection detected in the FST analysis of middle vs large-sized pig breeds. Major signals were detected on: (a) SSC15 that carries the CASP10 gene, (b) SSC1 that carries the ARID1B gene, (c) SSC1 that carries the MAP3K5 gene (and the nearby PEX7) and (d) SSC2 that carries the PIK3C2A gene.
International conference on policy and institutional options for the management of rangelands in dry areas: workshop summary paper
Creators: name: Ngaido, Tidiane
name: McCarthy, Nancy
name: Di Gregorio, Monica
name: Ngaido, Tidiane
name: McCarthy, Nancy
name: Di Gregorio, Monica
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Rangelands
subject: institutions
subject: natural resource management
subject: property rights
subject: collective action
subject: case studies
subject: Africa
subject: sub-Saharan Africa
subject: West Asia
subject: North Africa

description: The System-wide Program for Collective Action and Property Rights (CAPRi) sponsored an International Conference on Policy and Institutional Options for the Management of Rangelands in Dry Areas, May 7-11, 2001 in Hammamet, Tunisia. The conference focused on institutional aspects of rangeland management and brought together policy makers and researchers from North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa and West Asia to discuss sustainable rangeland production strategies and livelihood of pastoral communities in dry areas. This conference summary paper contains summaries of the CAPRi sponsored research findings on institutional options for rangeland, policy makers’ interventions and reactions as well as the synthesis of discussion groups. These working groups evaluated outcomes of policies and institutions guiding rangeland management in terms of their impact on livelihoods and environmental sustainability, and explored alternative policies and institutional strategies in light of their capacity to reduce poverty and enhance food security.
Electric field induced narrowing of exciton line width
Creators: name: Ponomarev, I. V.
name: Deych, L. I.
name: Lisyansky, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Considering effects of electric field on the low temperature absorption line of quantum well excitons, we show that, for moderate strength of the electric field, the main contribution to the field dependence of the line-width results from field induced modifications of inhomogeneous broadening of excitons. We find that the strength of the random potential acting on quantum well excitons due to alloy disorder and interface roughness can either decrease or increase with field depending upon the thickness of the well. This means that under certain conditions one can observe counterintuitive narrowing of exciton spectral lines in electric field.
description: RevTeX4, 4 pages, 1 figure; submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Additional file 1 of Whole-genome sequencing of European autochthonous and commercial pig breeds allows the detection of signatures of selection for adaptation of genetic resources to different breeding and production systems
Creators: name: Bovo, Samuele
name: Ribani, Anisa
name: Muñoz, Maria
name: Alves, Estefania
name: Araujo, Jose P.
name: Bozzi, Riccardo
name: Čandek-Potokar, Marjeta
name: Charneca, Rui
name: Palma, Federica Di
name: Etherington, Graham
name: Fernandez, Ana I.
name: Fabián García
name: García-Casco, Juan
name: Karolyi, Danijel
name: Gallo, Maurizio
name: Margeta, Vladimir
name: Martins, José Manuel
name: Mercat, Marie J.
name: Moscatelli, Giulia
name: Núñez, Yolanda
name: Quintanilla, Raquel
name: Čedomir Radović
name: Razmaite, Violeta
name: Riquet, Juliette
name: Savić, Radomir
name: Schiavo, Giuseppina
name: Usai, Graziano
name: Utzeri, Valerio J.
name: Zimmer, Christoph
name: Ovilo, Cristina
name: Fontanesi, Luca
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Details on the animals analysed and breeds investigated, including geographical distribution and phenotypic description. Table S2. Summary of whole-genome sequencing statistics. Table S3. Statistics on SNPs detected in this study. Table S4. Statistics on annotated SNPs. Annotation was performed with the Variant Effect Predictor (VEP) tool. Table S5. Statistics on the window selection analysis. Table S6. Groups of breeds/populations compared in the current study. Table S7. Statistics of the genome-wide window-based heterozygosity (HP) values and fixation index (FST) values. Table S8. Statistics of the genome-wide FST values between groups of pig breeds/populations based on 100-kb windows. Table S9. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) based on the frequency of the alternative allele. Table S10. Single SNP FST distances between pairs of pig populations. Table S11. Within-breed average pooled heterozygosity (HP) and fixation index (FST) values. Table S12. HP analysis. The genome windows at the extreme lower end of the distributions (99.95th percentile) are presented. Table S13. Single-breed FST analysis. The genome windows at the extreme lower end of the distributions (99.95th percentile) are presented. Table S14. Comparative FST analysis of breed groups. The genome windows at the extreme lower end of the distributions (99.95th percentile) are presented. Table S15. Putative deleterious variants that showed a marked allele frequency difference between pig breeds and wild boars (> v80% in one group,
Topological characterization of one-dimensional open fermionic systems
Creators: name: Zhang, Da-Jian
name: Gong, Jiangbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A topological measure characterizing symmetry-protected topological phases in one-dimensional open fermionic systems is proposed. It is built upon the kinematic approach to the geometric phase of mixed states and facilitates the extension of the notion of topological phases from zero-temperature to nonzero-temperature cases. In contrast to a previous finding that topological properties may not survive above a certain critical temperature, we find that topological properties of open systems, in the sense of the measure suggested here, can persist at any finite temperature and disappear only in the mathematical limit of infinite temperature. Our result is illustrated with two paradigmatic models of topological matter. The bulk topology at nonzero temperatures manifested as robust mixed edge state populations is examined via two figures of merit.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Corrections to the Law of Mass Action and Properties of the Asymptotic $t = \infty$ State for Reversible Diffusion-Limited Reactions
Creators: name: Voituriez, R.
name: Moreau, M.
name: Oshanin, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On example of diffusion-limited reversible $A+A \rightleftharpoons B$ reactions we re-examine two fundamental concepts of classical chemical kinetics - the notion of "Chemical Equilibrium" and the "Law of Mass Action". We consider a general model with distance-dependent reaction rates, such that any pair of $A$ particles, performing standard random walks on sites of a $d$-dimensional lattice and being at a distance $μ$ apart of each other at time moment $t$, may associate forming a $B$ particle at the rate $k_+(μ)$. In turn, any randomly moving $B$ particle may spontaneously dissociate at the rate $k_-(λ)$ into a geminate pair of $A$s "born" at a distance $λ$ apart of each other. Within a formally exact approach based on Gardiner's Poisson representation method we show that the asymptotic $t = \infty$ state attained by such diffusion-limited reactions is generally \textit{not a true thermodynamic equilibrium}, but rather a non-equilibrium steady-state, and that the Law of Mass Action is invalid. The classical concepts hold \text{only} in case when the ratio $k_+(μ)/k_-(μ)$ does not depend on $μ$ for any $μ$.
description: 30 pages, 2 figures
A Framework for Assessing of the Impact of Capacity Building
Creators: name: Templeton, Deborah J.
name: Templeton, Deborah J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Capacity building
subject: impact assessment
subject: attribution

description: Capacity building is widely recognised as an important component of most research-for-development activities. However despite the fact that around $15 billion is spent annually on capacity building activities, there has been limited assessment of the economic returns to that investment. In recent years, the Impact Assessment Program of the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research has turned its attention to quantifying the benefits from capacity-building. This paper sets out a framework for assessing of the impact of capacity building and presents four case studies. It does not purport to be a definitive paper by any means. Rather, it is an account of just one organisations experience. It is hoped that as work on this important area continues, and as new capacity building-to-impact pathways emerge, the analytical framework presented here will continue to be updated.
Justified hopes or utopian thinking? The suitability of coffee certification schemes as a business model for small-scale producers
Creators: name: Beuchelt, Tina
name: Zeller, Manfred
name: Oberthur, Thomas
name: Beuchelt, Tina
name: Zeller, Manfred
name: Oberthur, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: certification
subject: coffee
subject: cooperatives
subject: impact
subject: Nicaragua

description: The marketing of coffee through group-based, certified market channels is often promoted by governments and donors as a viable business model for poor small-scale farmers. Organic and fairtrade coffees have become very popular among socially, environmentally and health conscious consumers in recent years. While coffee certification programs have been in place for over fifteen years, there are few studies on the welfare impacts of certification schemes. Therefore, this research seeks to analyse the impacts of certification on poverty alleviation and to identify the critical factors which explain success or failure of certification schemes. We use a combination of qualitative and quantitative research, comparing small-scale coffee producers in northern Nicaragua who are organized in conventional, organic, and organic-fairtrade certified cooperatives. Our results indicate that certification schemes have a low impact on poverty, including the aspect of food security. Reasons are seen in low yield levels, indebtedness, lack of entrepreneurial skills as well as cooperatives’ management capacities. We conclude that unfair trading conditions are not the main cause of poverty among smallholder coffee growers in Nicaragua. Thus, policies and projects need to address entrepreneurial skills of farmers and cooperative managers as well as amplify extension services.
Additional file 1 of Cooking skills related to potential benefits for dietary behaviors and weight status among older Japanese men and women: a cross-sectional study from the JAGES
Creators: name: Tani, Yukako
name: Fujiwara, Takeo
name: Kondo, Katsunori
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Adjusted relative risk ratios of underweight and overweight according to the cooking skills of older Japanese men (n=9,143) and women (n=10,595). Table S2. Characteristics of older Japanese men by cooking responsibility status (n = 9,203). Table S3. Adjusted relative risk ratios of underweight by cooking skill among older Japanese men.
Some examples related to knot sliceness
Creators: name: Stoimenow, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25 (primary), 11E04, 11T30 (secondary)

description: It is known that the linking form on the 2-cover of slice knots has a metabolizer. We show that several weaker conditions, or some other conditions related to sliceness, do not imply the existence of a metabolizer. We then show how the Rudolph-Bennequin inequality can be used indirectly to prove that some knots are not slice.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures; Rev 12 Aug 06: minor corrections (Fig 1,3 and Example 3.7) and expanded introduction
Medium Term Outlook for Canadian Agriculture - International and Domestic Markets
Creators: name: Charlebois, Pierre
name: Gagne, Stephan
name: Charlebois, Pierre
name: Gagne, Stephan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Outlook
subject: Agriculture
subject: Cereals
subject: Oilseeds
subject: Bio-fuels
subject: Livestock
subject: Red meats
subject: Milk
subject: Dairy products
subject: Chicken
subject: Turkey
subject: Eggs

description: The purpose of this document is to describe the features of the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Medium Term Outlook for Canadian Agriculture (previously entitled Medium Term Policy Baseline) covering the period 2008 to 2018. The outlook is an attempt to outline a plausible future of the international and domestic agri-food sectors. It serves as a benchmark for discussion and scenario analysis. The outlook makes specific assumptions and outlines their implications. Since it assumes that policies remain unchanged from existing legislation, the outlook is not a forecast of future events. The medium term assumptions used and published by the OECD/FAO in the Agricultural Outlook are by in large maintained in the AAFC's outlook but updated to reflect short term price forecasts produced and released by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) in November 2008. The November 2008 macroeconomic forecast published by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) was also incorporated in the outlook and in particular a 32% reduction in the crude oil price in 2009. AAFC assumed that 3 years will be necessary before the crude oil price returns to the level used in the OECD/FAO medium term outlook. The world prices generated by this process combined with the macro-economic forecast for Canada published by the Conference Board in December 2008 are the key inputs used to produce the Canadian agricultural markets outlook. The key sectors covered are grains, oilseeds and products, special crops, bio-fuels, beef/cattle, pork/hogs, milk and dairy products, chicken, turkey and eggs.
Impacts of Retailers’ Pricing Strategies for Produce Commodities on Farmer Welfare
Creators: name: Li, Chenguang
name: Sexton, Richard J.
name: Li, Chenguang
name: Sexton, Richard J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Retail price
subject: Produce commodity
subject: Farmer welfare
subject: Expected utility
subject: Harvest cost
subject: Risk averse
subject: Mean-variance utility

description: The typical model of retail pricing for produce products assumes retailers set price equal to the farm price plus a certain markup. However, observations from scanner data indicate a large degree of price dispersion in the grocery retailing market. In addition to markup pricing behavior, we document three alternative leading pricing patterns: fixed (constant) pricing, periodic sale, and high-low pricing. Retail price variations under these alternative pricing regimes in general have little correlation with the farm price. How do retailers’ alternative pricing behaviors affect farmers’ welfare? Using markup pricing as the baseline case, we parameterize the model to reflect a prototypical fresh produce market and carry out a series of simulations under different pricing regimes. Our study shows that if harvest cost is sufficiently low, retail prices adjusting only partially, or not at all, to supply shocks tends to diminish farm income and exacerbate farm price volatility relative to the baseline case. However, we also find that if harvest cost is sufficiently large and the harvest-cost constraint places a lower bound on the farm price, increased farm price volatility induced by retailers’ alternative pricing strategies may result in higher farm income, compared to markup pricing. Furthermore, taking farmers’ risk attitude into account, higher income risk under alternative pricing strategies may offset the higher expected income, resulting in lower expected utility to risk-averse farmers. Our study is the first to evaluate the welfare implications for producers of the diversified pricing strategies that retailers utilize in practice and the resulting attenuation of the relationship between prices at retail and at the farm gate.
Friction-controlled entropy-stability competition in granular systems
Creators: name: Sun, Xulai
name: Kob, Walter
name: Blumenfeld, Raphael
name: Tong, Hua
name: Wang, Yujie
name: Zhang, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using cyclic shear to drive a two dimensional granular system, we determine the structural characteristics for different inter-particle friction coefficients. These characteristics are the result of a competition between mechanical stability and entropy, with the latter's effect increasing with friction. We show that a parameter-free maximum-entropy argument alone predicts an exponential cell order distribution, with excellent agreement with the experimental observation. We show that friction only tunes the mean cell order and, consequently, the exponential decay rate and the packing fraction. We further show that cells, which can be very large in such systems, are short-lived, implying that our systems are liquid-like rather than glassy.
Nonlinear Bloch-Zener oscillations for Bose-Einstein condensates in a Lieb optical lattice
Creators: name: He, Peng
name: Li, Zhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate Bloch-Zener oscillations and mean-field Bloch bands of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a Lieb optical lattice. We find that the atomic interaction will break the point group symmetry of the system, leading to the destruction of the Dirac cone structure, while the flat band is preserved on the highly symmetric lines. Due to the nonlinear effect, a tubular band structure with a flat band will appear in the system. Furthermore, comparing with that the tight-binding (TB) model fails to describe the interacting bosonic systems in the honeycomb lattice, we show that the TB model is applicable to study the nonlinear energy band structures for the Lieb lattice. In addition, we show that the loop structure can be determined by the observation of the chaos of the state in the Bloch-Zener oscillations.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Covariate Shocks and Rural Poverty in Burkina Faso
Creators: name: Sakurai, Takeshi
name: Savadogo, Kimseyinga
name: Sakurai, Takeshi
name: Savadogo, Kimseyinga
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: covariate shocks
subject: poverty
subject: remittance

description: The civil war in Côte d’Ivoire has caused an increase in household size due to returnees and a decrease in remittance received in rural Burkina Faso. This paper, taking advantage of a rare dataset covering the covariate shocks caused by the Ivorian Crisis, examines empirically the impact of such shocks on households’ welfare in rural Burkina Faso. It is found that the number of working-age returnees increases household cropped area: one working-age returnees increase 0.64 ha of cropped area and that the decrease of remittance from Côte d’Ivoire increases non-agricultural income: 1 FCFA reduction of remittance increases 0.78 FCFA of non-agricultural income. In spite of those coping behaviors, this paper demonstrates that the households do not fully smooth consumption against the reduction of remittance form Côte d’Ivoire. The impact is much larger for the asset-poor households than the asset-rich household, as expected. Female human capital, on the other hand, is found to enhance household expenditure per capita. Two-stage regression with non-agricultural income variable confirms the role of non-agricultural income in the reduction of poverty.
How a brane cosmological constant can trick us into thinking that w < -1
Creators: name: Lue, Arthur
name: Starkman, Glenn D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations exploring the contemporary cosmic acceleration have sparked interest in dark energy models possessing equations of state with w < -1. We review how the cosmic expansion history of a Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) braneworld model with a standard brane cosmological constant can mimic that of ordinary 4-dimensional gravity with w < -1 "phantom" dark energy for observationally relevant redshifts. We reinterpret the effective phantom nature of the dark energy as arising from dynamical-screening of the brane cosmological constant in DGP. This unusual variety of expansion history is thus possible without violating the null-energy condition, without ghosts and without any big rip, in a model which seems no more contrived than most evolving dark energy models. We indicate ways by which one may observationally test this effective w < -1 possibility, and differentiate it from ``ordinary'' phantom dark-energy.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure. References added
Additional file 1 of Effects of interferon-alpha on hippocampal neurogenesis and behavior in common marmosets
Creators: name: Kaneko, Naoko
name: Nakamura, Sayuri
name: Sawamoto, Kazunobu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Materials and Methods.
Asymptotically exact theory for nonlinear spectroscopy of random quantum magnets
Creators: name: Parameswaran, S. A.
name: Gopalakrishnan, Sarang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study nonlinear response in quantum spin systems {near infinite-randomness critical points}. Nonlinear dynamical probes, such as two-dimensional (2D) coherent spectroscopy, can diagnose the nearly localized character of excitations in such systems. {We present exact results for nonlinear response in the 1D random transverse-field Ising model, from which we extract information about critical behavior that is absent in linear response. Our analysis yields exact scaling forms for the distribution functions of relaxation times that result from realistic channels for dissipation in random magnets}. We argue that our results capture the scaling of relaxation times and nonlinear response in generic random quantum magnets in any spatial dimension.
description: 6pp., 1 figure
Biofuels, Growth and Agricultural Development
Creators: name: Msangi, Siwa
name: Msangi, Siwa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Biofuels
subject: Agriculture
subject: Food Security

description: Global projections for increasing food demand combined with increasing demand for energy from all sources – including crop-based biofuels – point towards greater stress on food systems and their supporting ecosystems. In many parts of the world, increasing household incomes has translated into increasing demands for energy, of which transportation fuel comprises a fast-growing share. Accompanying the world’s steady population growth is an increasing demand for food and the necessary feedstuffs to fuel the requisite increases in livestock production. The combination of these two trends will inevitably lead to greater stresses and demands on the natural resource base and eco-systems that underlie the world’s food and energy production systems – such as land and water. In this chapter we examine the increasing demands on agricultural production systems, within the context of both biofuels and demographically-driven demand for food and feed products, and the implied stresses that these drivers represent. By looking at the implied crop productivity improvements that are necessary to maintain adequate supplies of food and feed for a growing global population, we are able to infer the magnitude of investments in agricultural research, among other policy interventions (such as irrigation investments), that are needed to avoid worsening food security outcomes in the face of growing biofuel demands. From our analysis, clear policy implications will be drawn as to how to best avoid the deterioration in human well-being, and recommendations for strengthening food systems and their ability to deliver needed services, will also be made. By illustrating the policy problem in this way, we hope to better clarify the key issues that connect biofuels growth to agricultural growth, human welfare and policy-focused interventions and investments. We hope that this will provide guidance to researchers and policy makers on how they can best study these cases, and further refine their policy recommendations, especially when dealing with less developed nations with vulnerable populations.