cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Task Assignment Policies for Supercomputing Servers: The Case for Load Unbalancing and Fairness
Creators: name: Schroeder, Bianca
name: Harchol-Balter, Mor
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While the MPP is still the most common architecture in supercomputer centers today, a simpler and cheaper machine configuration is appearing at many supercomputing sites. This alternative setup may be described simply as a collection of multiprocessors or a distributed server system. This collection of multiprocessors is fed by a single common stream of jobs, where each job is dispatched to exactly one of the multiprocessor machines for processing. The biggest question which arises in such distributed server systems is what is a good rule for assigning jobs to host machines: i.e. what is a good task assignment policy. Many task assignment policies have been proposed, but not systematically evaluated under supercomputing workloads. We start by comparing existing task assignment policies using a trace-driven simulation under supercomputing workloads. We validate our experiments by providing analytical proofs of the performance of each of these policies. These proofs also help provide much intuition. We find that while the performance of supercomputing servers varies widely with the task assignment policy, none of the above task assignment policies perform as well as we would like
Exploring the In Vivo Role of the Mdm2 Ring Finger Domain in p53 Regulation
Creators: name: Tollini, Laura
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Year: 2014
Subjects: Molecular biology

description: Classically characterized as an “overarching” tumor suppressor, p53 is frequently found mutated, deleted, or misregulated in human cancers. Through its role as a transcription factor, p53 is capable of influencing the transcription of a number of genes critical in cell cycle arrest, senescence, apoptosis, and cellular metabolism. Mdm2 is widely accepted as the primary negative regulator of p53; canonically, Mdm2 is thought to regulate p53 through two mechanisms; 1) directly binding the p53 transactivation domain, suppressing p53 activity, and 2) functioning as an E3 ubiquitin ligase capable of ubiquitinating p53, targeting it for nuclear export and degradation by the proteasome. MdmX, a homologue and binding partner of Mdm2, is also capable of regulating p53 activity through directly binding to the p53 transactivation domain, however, MdmX does not demonstrate intrinsic E3 ligase activity. Both Mdm2:MdmX binding and Mdm2 E3 ligase function are conferred by the Mdm2 RING finger domain. To better understand the role of the Mdm2 RING finger domain in p53 regulation in vivo, we have generated a knock-in mouse model harboring a Tyr-to-Ala substitution at the 487 amino acid residue of murine Mdm2, Mdm2Y487A, which inactivates Mdm2 E3 ligase function without affecting its ability to bind with MdmX, effectively separating these two Mdm2 RING finger domain functions. Unexpectedly, Mdm2Y487A/Y487A mice were viable and developed normally into adulthood. While disruption of Mdm2 E3 ligase function by the Mdm2Y487A mutation resulted in p53 accumulation, p53 transcriptional activity remained low under basal conditions; however, exposure to even low levels of stress resulted in hyperactive p53, and p53-dependent mortality iv in Mdm2Y487A/Y487A mice. Disruption of Mdm2-mediated degradation of p53 serves as the underpinning of many cancer treatments aimed at reactivation of p53, but as observed in our Mdm2Y487A knock-in mouse, inactivation of Mdm2 E3 ubiquitin ligase function without obliterating Mdm2:MdmX interaction does not efficiently activate p53; however, disruption of Mdm2 E3 ligase function can increase sensitivity to irradiation induced DNA damage and lethality. This study provides further insight into the Mdm2-p53 autoregulatory loop and sheds new light on current issues surrounding the development of effective therapeutics targeting the p53 pathway.
Magnetism and rotation in relativistic field theory
Creators: name: Mameda, Kazuya
name: Yamamoto, Arata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the analogy between magnetism and rotation in relativistic theory. In nonrelativistic theory, the exact correspondence between magnetism and rotation is established in the presence of an external trapping potential. Based on this, we analyze relativistic rotation under external trapping potentials. A Landau-like quantization is obtained by considering an energy-dependent potential.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
Integration of EBSD acquisition into fully automated in-situ thermo-mechanicaltesting for high temporal and spatial resolution
Creators: name: Donoghue, Jack M
name: Smith, Albert D
name: Martinez, Fabrice
name: Taylor, Mark
name: Zhening Yang
name: Lunt, David
name: Gholinia, Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: EBSD
In situ
MCM16

description: Talk given at MCM16, Brno, Czech Republic, 4th-9th September 2022
description: Conference slides
Plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition of ZrO2 and YSZ coatings
Creators: name: Espinoza-Pérez, L.J.
name: Lopez-Honorato, Eddie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: YSZ coatings can prevent deleterious thermal effects on thermolabile alloys, however, a challenge is their deposition with a cubic phase at temperatures below 800 °C. In this work, PE-CVD was used to deposit ZrO2 and YSZ coatings at ∼700 °C, by varying the evaporation temperature, the vol.% O2, and the substrate position. Our results showed that an evaporation temperature of 200 °C was needed to deposit ZrO2 coatings. At 700 °C, the tetragonal phase was favoured regardless of the position within the heating zone. At 800 °C with a content of 20–60 vol.% O2, monoclinic and tetragonal structures were predominant, probably due to an increase in the crystallite size. When the ZrO2 was dopped with Y2O3, a fully cubic structure of ZrO2 was deposited.
The effect of natural deep eutectic solvents on laccase activity and oligomerization of rutin
Creators: name: Ünlü, Ayşe Ezgi
name: Prasad, Brinda
name: Anavekar, Kishan
name: Bubenheim, Paul
name: Liese, Andreas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health

description: Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) were investigated for the activity and stability of the laccase enzyme. Laccase was found to be active only in a low amount of choline chloride containing NADESs while it maintained its activity both in high and low amounts of betaine containing NADESs. Rutin, as a flavonoid monomer shows high antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties and these properties are enhanced in the polymerised form. In this study, the organic co-solvent that is conventionally used in the oligomerization of rutin was replaced with two different green solvents, choline chloride-ethylene glycol (1:2 molar ratio) and betaine-mannose (5:2 molar ratio). LC-MS results revealed spontaneous derivatization of rutin as well as the oligomerization of the derivatives besides rutin. The final products were found to have enhanced superoxide radical activity. In this study, enzymatic oligomerization of rutin was investigated for the first time in the presence of eco-friendly green solvents presenting an alternative pathway without any toxic components.
Association Rule Based Flexible Machine Learning Module for Embedded System Platforms like Android
Creators: name: Dhawan, Amiraj
name: Bhave, Shruti
name: Aurora, Amrita
name: Iyer, Vishwanathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The past few years have seen a tremendous growth in the popularity of smartphones. As newer features continue to be added to smartphones to increase their utility, their significance will only increase in future. Combining machine learning with mobile computing can enable smartphones to become 'intelligent' devices, a feature which is hitherto unseen in them. Also, the combination of machine learning and context aware computing can enable smartphones to gauge user's requirements proactively, depending upon their environment and context. Accordingly, necessary services can be provided to users. In this paper, we have explored the methods and applications of integrating machine learning and context aware computing on the Android platform, to provide higher utility to the users. To achieve this, we define a Machine Learning (ML) module which is incorporated in the basic Android architecture. Firstly, we have outlined two major functionalities that the ML module should provide. Then, we have presented three architectures, each of which incorporates the ML module at a different level in the Android architecture. The advantages and shortcomings of each of these architectures have been evaluated. Lastly, we have explained a few applications in which our proposed system can be incorporated such that their functionality is improved.
description: International Journal of Advanced Research in Artificial Intelligence(IJARAI), Volume 3 Issue 1, 2014
Integrating raw water transfers into an Eastern U.S. management context: a multi-objective analysis
Creators: name: Gorelick, David
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: In the Eastern U.S. intermittent transfers of treated water are common tool for drought management, but untreated “raw” water transfers are rare. Nonetheless, raw water transfers, free of physical and financial constraints of treating and piping water, show promise within an Eastern regulatory context and could aid in meeting future demands and delaying or avoiding expensive infrastructure. This work develops a detailed simulation model to investigate several raw water transfer schemes along a common river course, exploring tradeoffs between reliability and financial objectives in a multi-utility framework. Applied within the Research Triangle of North Carolina, modeling will inform management solutions for an Eastern U.S. region at risk of future water shortages. Raw water transfer schemes are observed to substantially improve supply reliability and reduce demand management interventions, cut inter-basin transfers by up to 90%, and reduce financial risk and long-term debt through decreased dependence on infrastructure and increased planning flexibility.
Development of a Novel Classification System to Determine the Role of Processed and Convenience Foods in the Diets of US Households
Creators: name: Poti, Jennifer
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Year: 2014
Subjects: Public health
Nutrition
Epidemiology

description: Although excessive consumption of processed food is considered a risk factor for obesity, the caloric contribution of processed foods to US diet has not been accurately assessed, particularly for vulnerable populations. Further, conclusions about the nutritional quality of processed foods are discrepant. Using food and beverage purchases of households (n=157,142) participating in the 2000-2012 Homescan longitudinal panel, this research aimed to develop an innovative approach for defining processed foods and to determine the nutritional role of these products in US diet. In Aim 1, we developed a multidimensional classification system with explicitly defined criteria to categorize foods and beverages by level of processing and separately by level of convenience. We classified >1.2 million items using product-level information and ingredient lists. We further evaluated 13-year trends in the caloric contribution of processed and convenience foods to purchases. We found unshifting dominance of ultra-processed and ready-to-eat (RTE) foods as major calorie contributors to US diet. Aim 2 determined the longitudinal association of sociodemographic and economic household characteristics with processed and convenience food purchases. Less education and lower income were associated with higher ultra-processed food purchases, with associations strengthening across time. Non-Hispanic black households had higher ultra-processed beverage purchases yet lower ultra-processed food purchases compared to non-Hispanic whites. Non-Hispanic black and Hispanic race/ethnicities and lower education were associated with lower RTE convenience food purchases, suggesting a greater role of cooking. In Aim 3, we compared nutrient densities of foods across categories of processing and convenience. The adjusted proportion of household-level food purchases exceeding recommended maximums for saturated fat, sugar, and sodium densities was significantly higher for ultra-processed and RTE food purchases compared to purchases of less-processed foods or foods requiring cooking. In conclusion, our study suggests that ultra-processed and RTE convenience foods and beverages dominate diets in the US with remarkable stability and may contribute to sociodemographic disparities in diet. Our findings of higher saturated fat, sugar, and sodium content of ultra-processed and RTE foods support the need for future studies to examine the relationship of these products with diet and health outcomes.
Exact Analysis of the M/M/k/setup Class of Markov Chains via Recursive Renewal Reward (CMU-CS-13-105)
Creators: name: Anshul  Gandhi
name: Doroudi, Sherwin
name: Harchol-Balter, Mor
name: Wolf, Alan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The M/M/k/setup model, where there is a penalty for turning servers on, is common in data centers, call centers and manufacturing systems. Setup costs take the form of a time delay, and sometimes there is additionally a power penalty, as in the case of data centers. While the M/M/1/setup was exactly analyzed in 1964, no exact analysis exists to date for the M/M/k/setup with k > 1. In this paper we provide the first exact, closed-form analysis for the M/M/k/setup and some of its important variants including systems in which: (i) idle servers delay for a period of time before turning off, or (ii) idle servers can either be turned off or put to sleep. Our analysis is made possible by our development of a new technique, Recursive Renewal Reward (RRR), for solving Markov chains with a repeating structure. RRR uses ideas from renewal reward theory and busy period analysis to obtain closed-form expressions for metrics of interest such as the transform of time in system and the transform of power consumed by the system. The simplicity, intuitiveness, and versatility of RRR makes it useful for analyzing Markov chains far beyond the M/M/k/setup. In general, RRR can be used to analyze any 2-dimensional Markov chain which is finite in one dimension and possibly infinite (with a repeating structure) in the other dimension.
Hinsehen eine Evaluation der Nachhaltigkeit des Films "Unsichtbare Bilder - Begegnungen mit Menschen mit Sehschädigungen" unter der Regie von Tula Roy
Creators: name: Bertschy, Jill Michelle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Gebärdensprache
Gebärdensprachedolmetschen
Sehbehinderung
Bachelorarbeit

description: Die Regisseurin Tula Roy drehte 2013/14 gemeinsam mit dem Kameramann Christoph Wirsing und in Zusammenarbeit mit der Interkantonalen Hochschule für Heilpädagogik Zürich den Film „Unsichtbare Bilder - Begegnungen mit Menschen mit Sehschädigungen“. In dieser Arbeit wurde die Nachhaltigkeit des Films, mit dem Fokus auf die Förderung der Gleichstellung von Menschen mit einer Sehschädigung oder Blindheit, überprüft. Ebenfalls wurde festgestellt, ob der Film das Potential hat, als Lehrmittel in der Heil- und Sonderpädagogik eingesetzt zu werden. Die Zuschauerinnen und Zuschauer wurden nach dem Film mit Hilfe eines Fragebogens befragt. Die Ergebnisse, die aus den Auswertungen der erhobenen Daten entstanden sind, haben aufgezeigt, dass der Film die Gleichstellung von Menschen mit einer Sehschädigung und Blindheit fördert und das er das Potential hat, als Lehrmittel eingesetzt zu werden.
Intra-Cavity Stem Cells Target Post-Surgical Brain Tumor Progression In Novel Resection And Recurrence Mouse Models
Creators: name: Okolie, Onyinyechukwu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Surgical resection is a universal component of therapy against aggressive brain tumors. These cancers include glioblastoma (GBM) and medulloblastoma (MB), which are prevalent in older adults and children, respectively. Due to limited pre-clinical models, little is known about the post-operative microenvironment and how it impacts efficacy of local therapies. Cytotoxic stem cells (SCs) have emerged as a promising approach to target these aggressive post-surgical brain cancers, due in large part to their inherent tumor-homing properties. Our goal is to develop scaffold technology to improve stem cell therapy for post-surgical brain tumors. Though, in order to develop this new stem cell technology, there needs to be animal models in which to test this therapy. Thus, in chapter two, we created the first GBM resection and recurrence model in an immune-competent mice. This model allowed us to observe surgery-mediated events that may potentiate tumor aggressiveness and efficacy of local stem therapies. In chapter three, we tested different scaffold materials that were loaded with cytotoxic stem cells in our GBM resection models. We found that therapeutic stem cells loaded on these materials inhibited post-surgical tumor recurrence. Lastly, in chapter four, we utilize stem cell-scaffold technology in an entirely new model of surgical resection, new disease, and new stem cells for pediatric patients. Using therapeutic stem cells derived from pediatric human patients, this therapy delayed post-surgical tumor recurrence and extended median survival in tumor-bearing mice. These studies demonstrate a novel model of GBM and MB resection and recurrence that provided a platform to develop and advance stem cell technologies in a post-surgical cavity. In addition, the results also suggest that intra-cavity SC therapy is a viable new option to effectively control post-operative tumor growth in GBM and MB patients.
Does size matter? Quality assessment of the size property in research data repositories
Creators: name: Schabinger, Rouven
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: repository
subject: size
subject: cataloguing
subject: quality assurance
subject: metadata
subject: re3data
subject: http://dewey.info/class/005.74/e23/
subject: http://dewey.info/class/025.3/e23/

description: In the last decade, repositories have become vital for research data management. They support Open Science principles, such as the FAIR principles, and face challenges in an evolving publishing landscape. Quality assurance and measuring scientific output remain important topics, with ongoing discussions on methods and metrics. Research in data management highlights the importance of metadata in research data repositories, but few have studied how it is created and maintained. Low-quality metadata can negatively impact usability. Traditional approaches for assessing cataloging quality may not suit indexing repositories. Developing a trust model for metadata editing is crucial. Investigating a repository's size, as done by re3data, offers valuable insights. However, defining size in information science is challenging. Establishing indexing rules is necessary for quality control and harmonization with other repository attributes. This thesis analyzes the size property of metadata in the re3data repository through data analysis and a case study. It aims to refine the cataloging model and improve quality by exploring semantic concepts and proposing automated and intellectual measures. The research questions focus on the usage of size property, detecting quality factors, and addressing challenges in indexing. The thesis lays the groundwork for future automation possibilities and offers supplementary approaches.
Lab-on-chip projection system for fluorescence based medical analysis
Creators: name: Ghosh, Oindrila
name: Müller, Jan
name: Ramsteiner, Ingo
name: Fieß, Reinhold
name: Neumann, Cornelius
Publisher: name: TU Ilmenau
Year: 2023
Subjects: Laser phosphor
scanning projection system
lab-on-chip
621.3

description: The aim of this research project is to implement a novel concept of using a scanning projection system for exciting fluorescence in lab-on-chip devices. While scanning projectors are state of the art in display applications, this use case imposes a set of specific requirements not fulfilled by commercial devices. One advantage in the lab-on-chip setting is increased flexibility in the design of disposables. To implement the final goal, the theoretical feasibility of the optical system is estimated, followed by simulation of the entire setup in Zemax OpticStudio and finally building up the working prototype of the projection system in the lab as a proof of concept, to compare the experimental findings with the simulation results.
Examining User Interactions with Video Retrieval Systems
Creators: name: Christel, Michael G
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Informedia group at Carnegie Mellon University has since 1994 been developing and evaluating surrogates, summary interfaces,
and visualizations for accessing digital video collections containing thousands of documents, millions of shots, and terabytes of data.
This paper reports on TRECVID 2005 and 2006 interactive search tasks conducted with the Informedia system by users having no
knowledge of Informedia or other video retrieval interfaces, but being experts in analyst activities. Think-aloud protocols,
questionnaires, and interviews were also conducted with this user group to assess the contributions of various video summarization
and browsing techniques with respect to broadcast news test corpora. Lessons learned from these user interactions are reported, with
recommendations on both interface improvements for video retrieval systems and enhancing the ecological validity of video retrieval
interface evaluations.
Time stretching of the GeV emission of GRBs: Fermi-LAT data vs geometrical model
Creators: name: Piskunov, Maxim S.
name: Rubtsov, Grigory I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that the high energy $(> 100\,\text{MeV})$ emission of gamma-ray bursts is delayed with respect to the low energy emission. However, the dependence of light curves on energy has not been studied for the high energy bands. In this paper we consider the bursts observed by Fermi LAT from 2008 August 4 to 2011 August 1, for which at least $10$ photons were observed with the energy greater than $1\,\text{GeV}$. These include $4$ bursts: GRB 080916C, GRB 090510, GRB 090902B, and GRB 090926A. We use the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to compare the light curves in the two bands, $100\,\text{MeV} < E < 1\,\text{GeV}$ and $E > 1\,\text{GeV}$. For GRB 080916C and GRB 090510 the light curves in the two bands are statistically compatible. However, for GRB 090926A, the higher-energy light curve is stretched compared to the lower-energy one with a statistical significance of $3.3 σ$ and, for GRB 090902B, on the contrary, the lower-energy curve is stretched with $2.3 σ$ significance. We argue that the observed diversity of stretching factors may be explained in a simple geometrical model. The model assumes that the jet opening angle depends on the emission energy in a way that the most energetic photons are radiated near the axis of the jet. All the bursts are considered equivalent in their rest frames and the observed light curves differ only due to different redshifts and view directions. The model conforms to the total burst energy constraint and matches the Fermi LAT observations of the fraction of GRBs visible in $100\,\text{MeV} < E < 1\,\text{GeV}$ band, which may be observed at higher energies. The model predicts the distribution of observable stretching factors, which may be tested in the future data. Finally, we propose a method to estimate observer's off-axis angle based on the stretching factor and the fraction of the high-energy photons.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures
Structural Basis for The Function and Regulation of the Epithelial Sodium Channel
Creators: name: Kota, Pradeep
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2012

description: Epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) mediate sodium transport across epithelia. Functional channels are assembled from three homologous α, β and γ subunits with ~30% similarity in amino acid sequence. Mutations in different subunits of this channel are responsible for diseases including Liddle's syndrome and type I pseudohypoaldosteronism. ENaC is synthesized on the ER membrane, aquires complex N-linked glycosylation in the Golgi and is trafficked to the plasma membrane where it is activated upon cleavage by numerous membrane-anchored and/or soluble serine proteases secreted into the extracellular milieu. Although it has been established that exogenous expression of all three subunits in oocytes is required for robust channel activity, the number and stoichiometry of subunits comprising one functional channel remains unclear. Different biophysical and electrophysiological studies have concluded that ENaC assembles as a trimer or a tetramer with possible larger molecular weight oligomers arising from higher order assembly of trimers or tetramers. Due to the lack of structural information on ENaC, the molecular aspects of channel activation and regulation of function remain less well understood. In the current study, using a battery of computational and experimental techniques, we address specific questions concerning the structural aspects of regulation of channel activation and function by constructing a structural model of the channel. Significant advances through this study include determination of oligomerization state of ENaC using native gel electrophoresis and identification of allosteric communication within the channel and modulating channel activity by rational mutagenesis of the identified allosteric sites. In this study, we conclude that ENaC assembles as both trimers and tetramers in the same cell. The amount of tetramers correlates well with increase in function and more importantly, the gamma subunit plays a crucial role in the formation of tetramers in oocytes. We believe that the results presented here would be immensely helpful in the future for understanding the cellular aspects of channel regulation and function at the molecular level.
Additional file 1 of Screening for the primary prevention of fragility fractures among adults aged 40 years and older in primary care: systematic reviews of the effects and acceptability of screening and treatment, and the accuracy of risk prediction tools
Creators: name: Gates, Michelle
name: Pillay, Jennifer
name: Nuspl, Megan
name: Wingert, Aireen
name: Vandermeer, Ben
name: Hartling, Lisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA checklist. This file shows the completed reporting checklist for the systematic reviews.
Carrier-wave Rabi flopping signatures in high-order harmonic generation for alkali atoms
Creators: name: Ciappina, M. F.
name: Pérez-Hernández, J. A.
name: Landsman, A. S.
name: Zimmermann, T.
name: Lewenstein, M.
name: Roso, L.
name: Krausz, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first theoretical investigation of carrier-wave Rabi flopping in real atoms by employing numerical simulations of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in alkali species. Given the short HHG cutoff, related to the low saturation intensity, we concentrate on the features of the third harmonic of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) atoms. For pulse areas of 2$π$ and Na atoms, a characteristic unique peak appears, which, after analyzing the ground state population, we correlate with the conventional Rabi flopping. On the other hand, for larger pulse areas, carrier-wave Rabi flopping occurs, and is associated with a more complex structure in the third harmonic. These new characteristics observed in K atoms indicate the breakdown of the area theorem, as was already demonstrated under similar circumstances in narrow band gap semiconductors.
Statistical Methods for Mass Spectrometry Proteomics
Creators: name: O'Brien, Jonathon
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: DNA makes RNA makes proteins is the central dogma of molecular biology. While the measurement of RNA has dominated the landscape of scientificc inquiry for many years, often the true outcome of interest is the final protein product. Microarray and RNAseq studies do not tell researchers anything about what happens during and after translation. For this reason interest in directly measuring the proteome has flourished. Unfortunately the direct analysis of proteins often creates a complicated inferential situation. When scientists want to see the whole proteome (or at least a large unknown sample of the proteome) mass spectrometry is often the most powerful technology available. Mass spectrometers allow researchers to separate proteins from complex samples and obtain information about the relative abundance of around 10,000 proteins in a given experiment. However the analysis of mass spectrometry proteomics data involves a complicated statistical inference problem. Inference is made on relative protein abundance by examining protein fragments called peptides. This inference problem is complicated by the two intrinsic statistical didifficulties of proteomics; matched pairs and non-ignorable missingness, which combine to create unexpected challenges for statisticians. Here I will discuss the complexities of modeling mass spectrometry proteomics and provide new methods to improve both the accuracy and depth of protein estimation. Beyond point estimation, great interest has developed in the proteomics community regarding the clustering of high throughput data. Although the strange nature of proteomics data likely causes unique problems for clustering algorithms, we found that work needed to be done regarding the statistical interpretation of clustering before any special cases could be considered. For this reason we have explored clustering from a statistical framework and used this foundation to establish new measures of clustering performance. These indices allow for the interpretation of a clustering problem in the commonly understood framework of sensitivity and specificity.
Experiments with a Hindi-to-English Transfer-based MT System under a Miserly Data Scenario
Creators: name: Lavie, Alon
name: Vogel, Stephan
name: Levin, Lorraine
name: Peterson, Erik
name: Probst, Katharina
name: Font-Llitjos, Ariadna
name: Reynolds, Rachel
name: Carbonell, Jaime G.
name: Cohen, Richard
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We describe an experiment designed to evaluate the capabilities of our trainable transfer-based (Xfer) machine translation approach, as applied to the task of Hindi-to-English translation, and trained under an extremely limited data scenario. We compare the performance of the Xfer approach with two corpus-based approaches---Statistical MT (SMT) and Example-based MT (EBMT)---under the limited data scenario. The results indicate that the Xfer system significantly outperforms both EBMT and SMT in this scenario. Results also indicate that automatically learned transfer rules are effective in improving translation performance, compared with a baseline word-to-word translation version of the system. Xfer system performance with a limited number of manually written transfer rules is, however, still better than the current automatically inferred rules. Furthermore, a "multiengine" version of our system that combined the output of the Xfer and SMT systems and optimizes translation selection outperformed both individual systems.
Explicit Contexts in LF (Revised)
Creators: name: Crary, Karl
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The standard methodology for representing deductive systems in LF identifies the object's language's context with the LF context. Consequently, any variable dealt with explicitly by any judgement or metatheorem must be last in the context. When the object language is dependently typed, this can pose a problem for establishing some metatheoretic results, since dependent hypotheses cannot be re-ordered at will.

This paper presents a general technique that addresses such problems, based on representing the object language's context as an explicit object in LF while retaining the use of higher-order representation for the object language's syntax. A central result is that it is possible to convert between explicit and implicit contexts, which makes it feasible to use the standard methodology for most developments, but use explicit contexts where necessary. We do not propose any extensions to LF; the technique can be utilized in standard LF.
Additional file 5 of Role of oxidative stress and inflammation-related signaling pathways in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy
Creators: name: Shi, Saixian
name: Chen, Ye
name: Luo, Zhijian
name: Nie, Guojun
name: Dai, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4. Table S4: Some drugs that exert cardioprotective effects by acting on the PPAR/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
Diversely N-substituted benzenesulfonamides dissimilarly bind to human carbonic anhydrases: crystallographic investigations of N-nitrosulfonamides
Creators: name: Angeli, Andrea
name: Ferraroni, Marta
name: Bonardi, Alessandro
name: Supuran, Claudiu T.
name: Nocentini, Alessio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a zinc metalloenzymes that catalyse the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and proton, pivotal for a wide range of biological processes. CAs are involved in numerous pathologies and thus represent valuable drug targets in the treatments of several diseases such as glaucoma, obesity, tumour, neuropathic pain, cerebral ischaemia, or as antiinfectives. In the last two decades, several efforts have been made to achieve selective CA inhibitors (CAIs) employing different drug design approaches. However, N-substitutions on primary sulphonamide groups still remain poorly investigated. Here, we reported for the first time the co-crystallisation of a N-nitro sulphonamide derivative with human (h) CA II pointing out the binding site and mode of inhibition of this class of CAIs. The thorough comprehension of the ligand/target interaction might be valuable for a further CAI optimisation for achieving new potent and selective derivatives.
Conformity enhances network reciprocity in evolutionary social dilemmas
Creators: name: Szolnoki, Attila
name: Perc, Matjaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The pursuit of highest payoffs in evolutionary social dilemmas is risky and sometimes inferior to conformity. Choosing the most common strategy within the interaction range is safer because it ensures that the payoff of an individual will not be much lower than average. Herding instincts and crowd behavior in humans and social animals also compel to conformity on their own right. Motivated by these facts, we here study the impact of conformity on the evolution of cooperation in social dilemmas. We show that an appropriate fraction of conformists within the population introduces an effective surface tension around cooperative clusters and ensures smooth interfaces between different strategy domains. Payoff-driven players brake the symmetry in favor of cooperation and enable an expansion of clusters past the boundaries imposed by traditional network reciprocity. This mechanism works even under the most testing conditions, and it is robust against variations of the interaction network as long as degree-normalized payoffs are applied. Conformity may thus be beneficial for the resolution of social dilemmas.
description: 8 two-column pages, 5 figures; accepted for publication in Journal of the Royal Society Interface
A Mixed-Methods Investigation of Alcohol Use among Immigrant Sexual and Gender Minority Latinos in North Carolina
Creators: name: Gilbert, Paul A.
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2013

description: Background: Heavy alcohol use has the potential for multiple direct and indirect harmful effects; however, little is known about drinking patterns among immigrant sexual and gender minority Latinos. I conducted a mixed qualitative-quantitative study to investigate alcohol use among this population in North Carolina. Qualitative Study: I sought to identify and describe salient social stressors, coping strategies, and the role of alcohol use through 15 semi-structured interviews with foreign-born sexual and gender minority Latinos. Following Grounded Theory methods, I produced an inductive model of alcohol use. Drinking was fundamentally a social behavior, embedded in cultural, social, and individual contexts. Nearly half of participants reported at least one binges episode per month. Among stressors, being a sexual minority was indirectly linked to alcohol use through drinking venues (e.g., gay bars) and companions, and being an undocumented immigrant dissuaded drinking for that sub-set of participants. I confirmed inferences in four member-check interviews and three key informant interviews. Quantitative Study: Using cross-sectional survey data obtained in a study of HIV risk and protective factors among foreign-born sexual and gender minority Latinos (n=190), I tested theoretically derived hypotheses about the association of select stressors and social support with alcohol use (any drinking; drinking frequency; binges). Although 55% of participants reported no alcohol use, the majority of current drinkers reported at least one binge episode in the past 30 days. Ethnic discrimination was associated with any drinking and binges, consistent with a stress-reactive drinking. Social support moderated two relationships, consistent with the stress buffering hypothesis. Conclusion: Because current drinkers in both qualitative and quantitative studies reported high levels of binges, sexual and gender minority Latinos should be a priority population for alcohol risk-reduction interventions. There was some support for drinking as a coping behavior; however, drinking as a social behavior emerged as a second key dimension. Interventions that fail to account for drinking as a social behavior as well as a coping response are likely to have limited effectiveness. Further research is necessary to refine the conceptual model and better understand the relationships between social stressors, social contexts, and risky drinking among this population.
Sārasvat With Kṣatrīya Character
Creators: name: RODRIGUES, TENSING CARLOS
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: History
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Archaeology
subject: Geography
subject: Sociology

description: Where the desāis of Lōṭlī and Verṇeṁ brāmhaṇ or ksatriya ? The descendants of both the families are considered sārasvat. The details of this story, however, make it almost obvious that the desāi in the story were indeed kṣatrīya. A brāmhaṇ is unlikely to have maintained an army of horsemen to launch an attack on another desāi. Even more unlikely is that the daughter of a brāmhaṇ would ride a horse at the dead of night from Lōṭlī to Verṇeṁ; the whole story is suffused with kṣatrīya valour.
Analysis of the Impact Factor and JCR Rankings in Conservation Science Journals: Why JCR Should Have a Heritage Category
Creators: name: Palomar, Teresa
name: Moure, Alberto
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: The scientific research output of individuals and institutions is commonly evaluated by the number of publications in journals with high impact factor and their corresponding citations. However, the interdisciplinary character of journals reporting advances in conservation science favors their spread over different categories of the Journal Citation Report (JCR). Here we report an analysis of the evolution of the impact factor, the percentile, and the citations on the JCR indexed conservation journals over the last ten years. Our analysis shows that of the 57 conservation journals indexed in the JCR, only eight of them have an impact factor. These journals are distributed across different categories in the Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI), and these categories are sometimes not suitable and decrease their metric impact. This analysis was complemented by a worldwide survey of conservation professionals on their opinions about publishing in these journals. The survey showed two different perspectives about conservation science journals in relation to the background and work of the responders. Conservators and restorers prefer conservation journals with case studies; while researchers prefer high-impact journals, even if they lie outside of the conservation area, so the overall impact factor of conservation journals remains low (low JIF, low Q values). This dichotomy could be fixed with the creation of a new category for heritage science journals in JCR.
QOZOQ ADABIYOTI DARSLARIDA INTERFAOL YONDASHUVLAR
Creators: name: Nurullayeva, Jazira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Mazkur maqolada Qozoq adabiyoti darslarida interfaol yondashuvlarning ahamiyati va ularning o‘quv jarayoniga ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. Interfaol metodlarning mohiyati, ularning afzalliklari va qo‘llash usullari atroflicha yoritiladi. O‘quvchilarning adabiy asarlarni chuqur anglashlari va tahlil qilish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishda interfaol ta’lim usullarining samaradorligi muhokama qilinadi. Shuningdek, maqolada interfaol metodlarni kelajakda rivojlantirish istiqbollari ham ko‘rib chiqiladi.
Additional file 2 of Screening for the primary prevention of fragility fractures among adults aged 40 years and older in primary care: systematic reviews of the effects and acceptability of screening and treatment, and the accuracy of risk prediction tools
Creators: name: Gates, Michelle
name: Pillay, Jennifer
name: Nuspl, Megan
name: Wingert, Aireen
name: Vandermeer, Ben
name: Hartling, Lisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Search strategy for KQ3b. This file shows the full search strategy for key question 3b on the harms of pharmacologic treatment.
Palomar 5 and its Tidal Tails: A Search for New Members in the Tidal Stream
Creators: name: Kuzma, Pete
name: Da Costa, Gary
name: Keller, Stefan
name: Maunder, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present the results of a search for members of the globular cluster Palomar 5 and its associated tidal tails. The analysis has been performed using intermediate and low resolution spectroscopy with the AAOmega spectrograph on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. Based on kinematics, line strength and photometric information, we identify 39 new red giant branch stars along $\sim$20$^{\circ}$ of the tails, a larger angular extent than has been previously studied. We also recover eight previously known tidal tail members. Within the cluster, we find seven new red giant and one blue horizontal branch members and confirm a further twelve known red giant members. In total, we provide velocity data for 67 stars in the cluster and the tidal tails. Using a maximum likelihood technique, we derive a radial velocity for Pal 5 of $-57.4 \pm 0.3$ km s$^{-1}$ and a velocity dispersion of $1.2\pm0.3$ km s$^{-1}$. We confirm and extend the linear velocity gradient along the tails of $1.0 \pm 0.1$ km s$^{-1}$ deg$^{-1}$, with an associated intrinsic velocity dispersion of $2.1\pm0.4$ km s$^{-1}$. Neither the velocity gradient nor the dispersion change in any significant way with angular distance from the cluster, although there is some indication that the gradient may be smaller at greater angular distances in the trailing tail. Our results verify the tails as kinematically cold structures and will allow further constraints to be placed on the orbit of Pal 5, ultimately permitting a greater understanding of the shape and extent of the Galaxy's dark matter halo.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables; Accepted for publication in MNRAS