cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Monotonicity-Based Regularization for Shape Reconstruction in Linear Elasticity
Creators: name: Eberle, Sarah
name: Harrach, Bastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R30, 65M32

description: We deal with the shape reconstruction of inclusions in elastic bodies. For solving this inverse problem in practice, data fitting functionals are used. Those work better than the rigorous monotonicity methods from [5], but have no rigorously proven convergence theory. Therefore we show how the monotonicity methods can be converted into a regularization method for a data-fitting functional without losing the convergence properties of the monotonicity methods. This is a great advantage and a significant improvement over standard regularization techniques. In more detail, we introduce constraints on the minimization problem of the residual based on the monotonicity methods and prove the existence and uniqueness of a minimizer as well as the convergence of the method for noisy data. In addition, we compare numerical reconstructions of inclusions based on the monotonicity-based regularization with a standard approach (one-step linearization with Tikhonov-like regularization), which also shows the robustness of our method regarding noise in practice.
description: 26 pages, 15 figures
Table S2 from The ontogeny of human laughter
Creators: name: Kret, Mariska E.
name: Venneker, Dianne
name: Evans, Bronwen
name: Samara, Iliana
name: Sauter, Disa
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Human adult laughter is characterized by vocal bursts produced predominantly during exhalation, yet apes laugh while exhaling and inhaling. The current study investigated our hypothesis that laughter of human infants changes from laughter similar to that of apes to increasingly resemble that of human adults over early development. We further hypothesized that the more laughter is produced on the exhale, the more positively it is perceived. To test these predictions, novice (n = 102) and expert (phonetician, n = 15) listeners judged the extent to which human infant laughter (n = 44) was produced during inhalation or exhalation, and the extent to which they found the laughs pleasant and contagious. Support was found for both hypotheses, which were further confirmed in two pre-registered replication studies. Likely through social learning and the anatomical development of the vocal production system, infants' initial ape-like laughter transforms into laughter similar to that of adult humans over the course of ontogeny.
Magnetohydrodynamics predicts heavy-tailed distributions of axion-photon conversion
Creators: name: Carenza, Pierluca
name: Sharma, Ramkishor
name: Marsh, M. C. David
name: Brandenburg, Axel
name: Ravensburg, Eike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interconversion of axionlike particles (ALPs) and photons in magnetised astrophysical environments provides a promising route to search for ALPs. The strongest limits to date on light ALPs use galaxy clusters as ALP-photon converters. However, such studies traditionally rely on simple models of the cluster magnetic fields, with the state-of-the-art being Gaussian random fields (GRFs). We present the first systematic study of ALP-photon conversion in more realistic, turbulent fields from dedicated magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations, which we compare with GRF models. For GRFs, we analytically derive the distribution of conversion ratios at fixed energy and find that it follows an exponential law. We find that the MHD models agree with the exponential law for typical, small-amplitude mixings but exhibit distinctly heavy tails for rare and large mixings. We explain how non-Gaussian features, e.g.~coherent structures and local spikes in the MHD magnetic field, are responsible for the heavy tail. Our results suggest that limits placed on ALPs using GRFs are robust.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures. v2: major changes to match the published version. Extended appendix to include details on the statistical analysis
Controllability near a homoclinic bifurcation
Creators: name: Colonius, Fritz
name: Hasan, Amani
name: Lamouki, Gholam Reza Rokni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Controllability properties are studied for control-affine systems depending on a parameter and with constrained control values. The uncontrolled systems in dimension two and three are subject to a homoclinic bifurcation. This generates two families of control sets depending on a parameter in the involved vector fields and the size of the control range. A new parameter given by a split function for the homoclinic bifurcation determines the behavior of these control sets. It is also shown that there are parameter regions where the uncontrolled equation has no periodic orbits, while the controlled systems have periodic solutions arbitrarily close to the homoclinic orbit
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
Euclid Near Infrared Spectro-Photometer: spatial considerations on H2RG detectors interpixel capacitance and IPC corrected conversion gain from on-ground characterization
Creators: name: Graët, J. Le
name: Secroun, A.
name: Barbier, R.
name: Gillard, W.
name: Clemens, JC.
name: Conseil, S.
name: Escoffier, S.
name: Ferriol, S.
name: Fourmanoit, N.
name: Kajfasz, E.
name: Kermiche, S.
name: Kubik, B.
name: Smadja, G.
name: Zoubian, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Euclid is a major ESA mission scheduled for launch in 2023-2024 to map the geometry of the dark Universe using two primary probes, weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering. \Euclid's instruments, a visible imager (VIS) and an infrared spectrometer and photometer (NISP) have both been designed and built by Euclid Consortium teams. The NISP instrument will hold a large focal plane array of 16 near-infrared H2RG detectors, which are key elements to the performance of the NISP, and therefore to the science return of the mission. Euclid NISP H2RG flight detectors have been individually and thoroughly characterized at Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM) during a whole year with a view to producing a reference database of performance pixel maps. Analyses have been ongoing and have shown the relevance of taking into account spatial variations in deriving performance parameters. This paper will concentrate on interpixel capacitance (IPC) and conversion gain. First, per pixel IPC coefficient maps will be derived thanks to single pixel reset (SPR) measurements and a new IPC correction method will be defined and validated. Then, the paper will look into correlation effects of IPC and their impact on the derivation of per super-pixel IPC-free conversion gain maps. Eventually, several conversion gain values will be defined over clearly distinguishable regions.
description: Comments: 1 pages, LaTeX; equation 2 corrected
The chemical journey of Europium(III) through winter rye (Secale cereale L.) – Understanding through mass spectrometry and chemical microscopy
Creators: name: Stadler, Julia
name: Vogel, Manja
name: Steudtner, Robin
name: Drobot, Björn
name: Kogiomtzidis, Anna L.
name: Weiss, Martin
name: Walther, Clemens
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Europium
subject: Imaging
subject: Plant uptake
subject: Rare earth elements
subject: Species analysis
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft::333 | Boden- und Energiewirtschaft::333,7 | Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt

description: A combination of biochemical preparation methods with microscopic, spectroscopic, and mass spectrometric analysis techniques as contemplating state of the art application, was used for direct visualization, localization, and chemical identification of europium in plants. This works illustrates the chemical journey of europium (Eu(III)) through winter rye (Secale cereale L.), providing insight into the possibilities of speciation for Rare Earth Elements (REE) and trivalent f-elements. Kinetic experiments of contaminated plants show a maximum europium concentration in Secale cereale L. after four days. Transport of the element through the vascular bundle was confirmed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS). For chemical speciation, plants were grown in a liquid nutrition medium, whereby Eu(III) species distribution could be measured by mass spectrometry and luminescence measurements. Both techniques confirm the occurrence of Eu malate species in the nutrition medium, and further analysis of the plant was performed. Luminescence results indicate a change in Eu(III) species distribution from root tip to plant leaves. Microscopic analysis show at least three different Eu(III) species with potential binding to organic and inorganic phosphate groups and a Eu(III) protein complex. With plant root extraction, further europium species could be identified by using Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI MS). Complexation with malate, citrate, a combined malate-citrate ligand, and aspartate was confirmed mostly in a 1:1 stoichiometry (Eu:ligand). The combination of the used analytical techniques opens new possibilities in direct species analysis, especially regarding to the understanding of rare earth elements (REE) uptake in plants. This work provides a contribution in better understanding of plant mechanisms of the f-elements and their species uptake.
Table S11 from The ontogeny of human laughter
Creators: name: Kret, Mariska E.
name: Venneker, Dianne
name: Evans, Bronwen
name: Samara, Iliana
name: Sauter, Disa
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Human adult laughter is characterized by vocal bursts produced predominantly during exhalation, yet apes laugh while exhaling and inhaling. The current study investigated our hypothesis that laughter of human infants changes from laughter similar to that of apes to increasingly resemble that of human adults over early development. We further hypothesized that the more laughter is produced on the exhale, the more positively it is perceived. To test these predictions, novice (n = 102) and expert (phonetician, n = 15) listeners judged the extent to which human infant laughter (n = 44) was produced during inhalation or exhalation, and the extent to which they found the laughs pleasant and contagious. Support was found for both hypotheses, which were further confirmed in two pre-registered replication studies. Likely through social learning and the anatomical development of the vocal production system, infants' initial ape-like laughter transforms into laughter similar to that of adult humans over the course of ontogeny.
The Host Halos of OI Absorbers in the Reionization Epoch
Creators: name: Finlator, K.
name: Muñoz, J. A.
name: Oppenheimer, B. D.
name: Oh, S. Peng
name: Özel, F.
name: Davé, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a radiation hydrodynamic simulation of the hydrogen reionization epoch to study OI absorbers at z~6. The intergalactic medium (IGM) is reionized before it is enriched, hence OI absorption originates within dark matter halos. The predicted abundance of OI absorbers is in reasonable agreement with observations. At z=10, roughly 70% of sightlines through atomically-cooled halos encounter a visible (N_OI > 10^14 cm^-2) column. Reionization ionizes and removes gas from halos less massive than 10^8.4 M_0, but 20% of sightlines through more massive halos encounter visible columns even at z=5. The mass scale of absorber host halos is 10-100 times smaller than the halos of Lyman break galaxies and Lyman-alpha emitters, hence absorption probes the dominant ionizing sources more directly. OI absorbers have neutral hydrogen columns of 10^19-10^21 cm^-2, suggesting a close resemblance between objects selected in OI and HI absorption. Finally, the absorption in the foreground of the z=7.085 quasar ULASJ1120+0641 cannot originate in a dark matter halo because halo gas at the observed HI column density is enriched enough to violate the upper limits on the OI column. By contrast, gas at less than one third the cosmic mean density satisfies the constraints. Hence the foreground absorption likely originates in the IGM.
description: 21 pages, 15 figures, re-submitted to MNRAS after many improvements suggested by referee, results unchanged
Scaling Up Magnetic Nanobead Synthesis with Improved Stability for Biomedical Applications
Creators: name: Bigall, Nadja C.
name: Rodio, Marina
name: Avugadda, Sahitya
name: Leal, Manuel Pernia
name: Di Corato, Riccardo
name: Conteh, John S.
name: Intartaglia, Romuald
name: Pellegrino, Teresa
Publisher: name: Washington, DC : Soc.
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ferric Compounds
subject: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
subject: Nanoparticles
subject: Polymers
subject: Crosslinking
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: The growing interest in multifunctional nano-objects based on polymers and magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications motivated us to develop a scale-up protocol to increase the yield of polymeric magnetic nanobeads while aiming at keeping the structural features at optimal conditions. The protocol was applied to two different types of magnetic ferrite nanoparticles: the Mn-ferrite selected for their properties as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging and iron oxide nanostar shaped nanoparticles chosen for their heat performance in magnetic hyperthermia. At the same time, some experiments on surface functionalization of nanobeads with amino modified polyethyelene glycol (PEG) molecules have provided further insight into the formation mechanism of magnetic nanobeads and the need to cross-link the polymer shell to improve the stability of the beads, making them more suitable for further manipulation and use. The present work summarizes the most important parameters required to be controlled for the upscaling of nanobead synthesis in a bench protocol and proposes an alternative cross-linking strategy based on prefunctionalization of the polymer prior to the nanobead formation as a key parameter to improve the nanobead structural stability in solutions at different pHs and during surface functionalization.
Additional file 2 of Pro-MAP: a robust pipeline for the pre-processing of single channel protein microarray data
Creators: name: Mowoe, Metoboroghene Oluwaseyi
name: Garnett, Shaun
name: Lennard, Katherine
name: Talbot, Jade
name: Townsend, Paul
name: Jonas, Eduard
name: Blackburn, Jonathan Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2. A visual user guide ( file, which accompanies the Shiny app and is available online) highlighting the Pro-MAP methodology’s critical steps.
Noise-Induced Synchronization, Desynchronization, and Clustering in Globally Coupled Nonidentical Oscillators
Creators: name: Lai, Yi Ming
name: Porter, Mason A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study ensembles of globally coupled, nonidentical phase oscillators subject to correlated noise, and we identify several important factors that cause noise and coupling to synchronize or desychronize a system. By introducing noise in various ways, we find a novel estimate for the onset of synchrony of a system in terms of the coupling strength, noise strength, and width of the frequency distribution of its natural oscillations. We also demonstrate that noise alone is sufficient to synchronize nonidentical oscillators. However, this synchrony depends on the first Fourier mode of a phase-sensitivity function, through which we introduce common noise into the system. We show that higher Fourier modes can cause desychronization due to clustering effects, and that this can reinforce clustering caused by different forms of coupling. Finally, we discuss the effects of noise on an ensemble in which antiferromagnetic coupling causes oscillators to form two clusters in the absence of noise.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures (some with multiple parts)
Solving an inverse elliptic coefficient problem by convex non-linear semidefinite programming
Creators: name: Harrach, Bastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R30, 90C22

description: Several applications in medical imaging and non-destructive material testing lead to inverse elliptic coefficient problems, where an unknown coefficient function in an elliptic PDE is to be determined from partial knowledge of its solutions. This is usually a highly non-linear ill-posed inverse problem, for which unique reconstructability results, stability estimates and global convergence of numerical methods are very hard to achieve. The aim of this note is to point out a new connection between inverse coefficient problems and semidefinite programming that may help addressing these challenges. We show that an inverse elliptic Robin transmission problem with finitely many measurements can be equivalently rewritten as a uniquely solvable convex non-linear semidefinite optimization problem. This allows to explicitly estimate the number of measurements that is required to achieve a desired resolution, to derive an error estimate for noisy data, and to overcome the problem of local minima that usually appears in optimization-based approaches for inverse coefficient problems.
Leveraging Advanced Cyberinfrastructure and Developing Organizational Resilience for NSF Major Facilities in the Pandemic Era
Creators: name: Hayes, Cassandra
name: Olshansky, Alex
name: Deelman, Ewa
name: Kerk F. Kee
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: resilience
NSF Major Facilities
communication
cyberinfrastructure
organizational communication

description: This study investigated how a specific type of scientific organizations (i.e., US National Science Foundation’s Major Facilities) responded to the pandemic. We posed the research question, “What (a) strategies and (b) mindsets were effective at promoting a resilient workplace response within NSF MFs facing the COVID-19 pandemic?” Based on systematic analysis of 13 key informants from across multiple US states and NSF MFs, we identified ten organizational communication lessons. Briefly, the first five response strategies are promoting flexible expectations at work, encouraging information sharing, creating optimal alignments, sensitizing teams to risk to balance safety and productivity, and keeping work going. The next five themes on a pandemic-sensitized mindset includes knowing your vulnerabilities, acknowledging that no science is an island, looking for socio-technical solutions, integrating the personal and professional, and cultivating readiness to adapt in the new normal. We concluded that MFs’ response to the pandemic helped us theoretically conceptualize organizational resilience as about leveraging organizational communication to maintain flexibility, appreciate tensions, engage in collective sense-making, be pre-emptively prepared for the future, and accept the ‘what-is’ at the present.
description: Project supported from National Science Foundation (US) Award #s: 2042054 and 2042055
Table S6 from The ontogeny of human laughter
Creators: name: Kret, Mariska E.
name: Venneker, Dianne
name: Evans, Bronwen
name: Samara, Iliana
name: Sauter, Disa
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Human adult laughter is characterized by vocal bursts produced predominantly during exhalation, yet apes laugh while exhaling and inhaling. The current study investigated our hypothesis that laughter of human infants changes from laughter similar to that of apes to increasingly resemble that of human adults over early development. We further hypothesized that the more laughter is produced on the exhale, the more positively it is perceived. To test these predictions, novice (n = 102) and expert (phonetician, n = 15) listeners judged the extent to which human infant laughter (n = 44) was produced during inhalation or exhalation, and the extent to which they found the laughs pleasant and contagious. Support was found for both hypotheses, which were further confirmed in two pre-registered replication studies. Likely through social learning and the anatomical development of the vocal production system, infants' initial ape-like laughter transforms into laughter similar to that of adult humans over the course of ontogeny.
Table S15 from The ontogeny of human laughter
Creators: name: Kret, Mariska E.
name: Venneker, Dianne
name: Evans, Bronwen
name: Samara, Iliana
name: Sauter, Disa
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Human adult laughter is characterized by vocal bursts produced predominantly during exhalation, yet apes laugh while exhaling and inhaling. The current study investigated our hypothesis that laughter of human infants changes from laughter similar to that of apes to increasingly resemble that of human adults over early development. We further hypothesized that the more laughter is produced on the exhale, the more positively it is perceived. To test these predictions, novice (n = 102) and expert (phonetician, n = 15) listeners judged the extent to which human infant laughter (n = 44) was produced during inhalation or exhalation, and the extent to which they found the laughs pleasant and contagious. Support was found for both hypotheses, which were further confirmed in two pre-registered replication studies. Likely through social learning and the anatomical development of the vocal production system, infants' initial ape-like laughter transforms into laughter similar to that of adult humans over the course of ontogeny.
Radially Extended Kinematics in the S0 Galaxy NGC 2768 from Planetary Nebulae, Globular Clusters and Starlight
Creators: name: Forbes, Duncan A.
name: Cortesi, Arianna
name: Pota, Vincenzo
name: Foster, Caroline
name: Romanowsky, Aaron J.
name: Merrifield, Michael R.
name: Brodie, Jean P.
name: Strader, Jay
name: Coccato, Lodovico
name: Napolitano, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are only a few tracers available to probe the kinematics of individual early-type galaxies beyond one effective radius. Here we directly compare a sample of planetary nebulae (PNe), globular clusters (GCs) and galaxy starlight velocities out to ~4 effective radii, in the S0 galaxy NGC 2768. Using a bulge-to-disk decomposition of a K-band image we assign PNe and starlight to either the disk or the bulge. We show that the bulge PNe and bulge starlight follow the same radial density distribution as the red subpopulation of GCs, whereas the disk PNe and disk starlight are distinct components. We find good kinematic agreement between the three tracers to several effective radii (and with stellar data in the inner regions). Further support for the distinct nature of the two galaxy components come from our kinematic analysis. After separating the tracers into bulge and disk components we find the bulge to be a slowly rotating pressure-supported system, whereas the disk reveals a rapidly rising rotation curve with a declining velocity dispersion profile. The resulting V/sigma ratio for the disk resembles that of a spiral galaxy and hints at an origin for NGC 2768 as a transformed late-type galaxy. A two-component kinematic analysis for a sample of S0s will help to elucidate the nature of this class of galaxy.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MRAS
Chronos and CRS: Design of a miniature car-like robot and a software framework for single and multi-agent robotics and control
Creators: name: Carron, Andrea
name: Bodmer, Sabrina
name: Vogel, Lukas
name: Zurbrügg, René
name: Helm, David
name: Rickenbach, Rahel
name: Muntwiler, Simon
name: Sieber, Jerome
name: Zeilinger, Melanie N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: From both an educational and research point of view, experiments on hardware are a key aspect of robotics and control. In the last decade, many open-source hardware and software frameworks for wheeled robots have been presented, mainly in the form of unicycles and car-like robots, with the goal of making robotics accessible to a wider audience and to support control systems development. Unicycles are usually small and inexpensive, and therefore facilitate experiments in a larger fleet, but they are not suited for high-speed motion. Car-like robots are more agile, but they are usually larger and more expensive, thus requiring more resources in terms of space and money. In order to bridge this gap, we present Chronos, a new car-like 1/28th scale robot with customized open-source electronics, and CRS, an open-source software framework for control and robotics. The CRS software framework includes the implementation of various state-of-the-art algorithms for control, estimation, and multi-agent coordination. With this work, we aim to provide easier access to hardware and reduce the engineering time needed to start new educational and research projects.
Accessing quantum secrets via local operations and classical communication
Creators: name: Gheorghiu, Vlad
name: Sanders, Barry C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum secret-sharing and quantum error-correction schemes rely on multipartite decoding protocols, yet the non-local operations involved are challenging and sometimes infeasible. Here we construct a quantum secret-sharing protocol with a reduced number of quantum communication channels between the players. Our scheme is based on embedding a classical linear code into a quantum error-correcting code. Our work paves the way towards the more general problem of simplifying the decoding of quantum error-correcting codes.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, replaced with the PRA published version
What is the Price of a Skill? The Value of Complementarity
Creators: name: Stephany, Fabian
name: Teutloff, Ole
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The global workforce is urged to constantly reskill, as technological change favours particular new skills while making others redundant. But which skills are a good investment for workers and firms? As skills are seldomly applied in isolation, we propose that complementarity strongly determines a skill's economic value. For 962 skills, we demonstrate that their value is strongly determined by complementarity - that is, how many different skills, ideally of high value, a competency can be combined with. We show that the value of a skill is relative, as it depends on the skill background of the worker. For most skills, their value is highest when used in combination with skills of a different type. We put our model to the test with a set of skills related to Artificial Intelligence (AI). We find that AI skills are particularly valuable - increasing worker wages by 21% on average - because of their strong complementarities and their rising demand in recent years. The model and metrics of our work can inform the policy and practice of digital re-skilling to reduce labour market mismatches. In cooperation with data and education providers, researchers and policy makers should consider using this blueprint to provide learners with personalised skill recommendations that complement their existing capacities and fit their occupational background.
description: 58 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables
Formality and finiteness in rational homotopy theory
Creators: name: Suciu, Alexander I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P62, 20F14, 20F40, 55N25

description: We explore various formality and finiteness properties in the differential graded algebra models for the Sullivan algebra of piecewise polynomial rational forms on a space. The 1-formality property of the space may be reinterpreted in terms of the filtered and graded formality properties of the Malcev Lie algebra of its fundamental group, while some of the finiteness properties of the space are mirrored in the finiteness properties of algebraic models associated with it. In turn, the formality and finiteness properties of algebraic models have strong implications on the geometry of the cohomology jump loci of the space. We illustrate the theory with examples drawn from complex algebraic geometry, actions of compact Lie groups, and 3-dimensional manifolds.
description: 81 pages; prepared for a volume dedicated to Dennis Sullivan's 80th birthday
Causal, Bayesian, & Non-parametric Modeling of the SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load Distribution vs. Patient's Age
Creators: name: Guardiani, Matteo
name: Frank, Philipp
name: Kostić, Andrija
name: Edenhofer, Gordian
name: Roth, Jakob
name: Uhlmann, Berit
name: Enßlin, Torsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The viral load of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 varies on logarithmic scales and possibly with age. Controversial claims have been made in the literature regarding whether the viral load distribution actually depends on the age of the patients. Such a dependence would have implications for the COVID-19 spreading mechanism, the age-dependent immune system reaction, and thus for policymaking. We hereby develop a method to analyze viral-load distribution data as a function of the patients' age within a flexible, non-parametric, hierarchical, Bayesian, and causal model. The causal nature of the developed reconstruction additionally allows to test for bias in the data. This could be due to, e.g., bias in patient-testing and data collection or systematic errors in the measurement of the viral load. We perform these tests by calculating the Bayesian evidence for each implied possible causal direction. The possibility of testing for bias in data collection and identifying causal directions can be very useful in other contexts as well. For this reason we make our model freely available. When applied to publicly available age and SARS-CoV-2 viral load data, we find a statistically significant increase in the viral load with age, but only for one of the two analyzed datasets. If we consider this dataset, and based on the current understanding of viral load's impact on patients' infectivity, we expect a non-negligible difference in the infectivity of different age groups. This difference is nonetheless too small to justify considering any age group as noninfectious.
title: Effects of inspiratory muscle training on heart rate variability
Creators: name: Choudhari, Anuja
Publisher: name: Western Washington University
Year: 2010

description:
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of six weeks of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on heart rate variability (HRV) in young and older adults. Twelve young (age 22.25 + 2.13 years) and 14 older adults (age 72.5 + 6.44 years) participated in the study. The training protocol included using IMT device set at a resistance equivalent to 80% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), five days per week. HRV data were obtained by electrocardiogram prior to and following six weeks of IMT, along with pulmonary function measures (vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, maximal ventilatory volume). The HRV variables included total power (TP), very low frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF) powers. In addition, normalized LF (LFnu), normalized HF (HFnu) and LF to HF ratio (LF/HF) were analyzed. The results from the young group demonstrated a significant increase in HFnu (pre 0.22 + 0.039, post 0.243 + 0.059 nu, p < 0.05), and a significant decrease in LFnu (pre 0.779 + 0.039, post 0.756 + 0.059 nu, p < 0.05) and LF/HF (pre 3.651 + 0.756, post 3.278 + 0.787, p < 0.05). In the older group, HFnu decreased significantly (pre 0.236 + 0.076, post 0.205 + 0.03 nu, p < 0.05) along with significant increases in LFnu (0.763 + 0.076, post 0.794 + 0.03 nu, p < 0.05) and LF/HF (pre 3.551 + 1.08, post 3.94 + 0.574, p < 0.05). No significant change was observed in any of TP, LF or HF. Both the groups demonstrated a significant increase in inspiratory muscle strength as determined by MIP (Young: pre 1.06 + 0.33, post 1.68 + 0.38; Older: pre 0.72 + 0.24 cm, post 0.98 + 0.14 cmH2O) (p < 0.05) and the pulmonary function measures. The results of this study demonstrated that IMT had a training effect on not only inspiratory muscle strength but also HRV. However, the training response varied within groups. The young group demonstrated a shift in autonomic balance towards parasympathetic modulation, while the older group demonstrated decrease in parasympathetic modulation.
Additional file 1 of Symptoms of anal incontinence and quality of life: a psychometric study of the Norwegian version of the ICIQ-B amongst hospital outpatients
Creators: name: Saga, Susan
name: Vinsnes, Anne Guttormsen
name: Norton, Christine
name: Haugan, Gørill
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
title: Becoming the mouthpiece of God: female Christian mystics from the twelfth-to the eighteenth-century
Creators: name: Thompson, Carly Florine
Publisher: name: Western Washington University
Year: 2010

description:
The purpose of this work is to look specifically at the writings of ten female mystics from the late medieval and early modern period and examine the intentional use of rhetoric by female mystics to procure the agency to address concerns about religion and society.
Monte Carlo Study of a $U(1)\times U(1)$ Loop Model with Modular Invariance
Creators: name: Geraedts, Scott D.
name: Motrunich, Olexei I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a $U(1)\times U(1)$ system in (2+1)-dimensions with long-range interactions and mutual statistics. The model has the same form after the application of operations from the modular group, a property which we call modular invariance. Using the modular invariance of the model, we propose a possible phase diagram. We obtain a sign-free reformulation of the model and study it in Monte Carlo. This study confirms our proposed phase diagram. We use the modular invariance to analytically determine the current-current correlation functions and conductivities in all the phases in the diagram, as well as at special "fixed" points which are unchanged by an operation from the modular group. We numerically determine the order of the phase transitions, and find segments of second-order transitions. For the statistical interaction parameter $θ=π$, these second-order transitions are evidence of a critical loop phase obtained when both loops are trying to condense simulataneously. We also measure the critical exponents of the second-order transitions.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures
Table S4 from The ontogeny of human laughter
Creators: name: Kret, Mariska E.
name: Venneker, Dianne
name: Evans, Bronwen
name: Samara, Iliana
name: Sauter, Disa
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Human adult laughter is characterized by vocal bursts produced predominantly during exhalation, yet apes laugh while exhaling and inhaling. The current study investigated our hypothesis that laughter of human infants changes from laughter similar to that of apes to increasingly resemble that of human adults over early development. We further hypothesized that the more laughter is produced on the exhale, the more positively it is perceived. To test these predictions, novice (n = 102) and expert (phonetician, n = 15) listeners judged the extent to which human infant laughter (n = 44) was produced during inhalation or exhalation, and the extent to which they found the laughs pleasant and contagious. Support was found for both hypotheses, which were further confirmed in two pre-registered replication studies. Likely through social learning and the anatomical development of the vocal production system, infants' initial ape-like laughter transforms into laughter similar to that of adult humans over the course of ontogeny.
Solitary Matter Waves in Combined Linear and Nonlinear Potentials: Detection, Stability, and Dynamics
Creators: name: Holmes, Scott
name: Porter, Mason A.
name: Krüger, Peter
name: Kevrekidis, Panayotis G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study statically homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensates with spatially inhomogeneous interactions and outline an experimental realization of compensating linear and nonlinear potentials that can yield constant-density solutions. We illustrate how the presence of a step in the nonlinearity coefficient can only be revealed dynamically and consider, in particular, how to reveal it by exploiting the inhomogeneity of the sound speed with a defect-dragging experiment. We conduct computational experiments and observe the spontaneous emergence of dark solitary waves. We use effective-potential theory to perform a detailed analytical investigation of the existence and stability of solitary waves in this setting, and we corroborate these results computationally using a Bogoliubov-de Gennes linear stability analysis. We find that dark solitary waves are unstable for all step widths, whereas bright solitary waves can become stable through a symmetry-breaking bifurcation as one varies the step width. Using phase-plane analysis, we illustrate the scenarios that permit this bifurcation and explore the dynamical outcomes of the interaction between the solitary wave and the step.
description: 7 pages (published version), 4 figures
The Power of One Clean Qubit in Supervised Machine Learning
Creators: name: Karimi, Mahsa
name: Javadi-Abhari, Ali
name: Simon, Christoph
name: Ghobadi, Roohollah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper explores the potential benefits of quantum coherence and quantum discord in the non-universal quantum computing model called deterministic quantum computing with one qubit (DQC1) in supervised machine learning. We show that the DQC1 model can be leveraged to develop an efficient method for estimating complex kernel functions. We demonstrate a simple relationship between coherence consumption and the kernel function, a crucial element in machine learning. The paper presents an implementation of a binary classification problem on IBM hardware using the DQC1 model and analyzes the impact of quantum coherence and hardware noise. The advantage of our proposal lies in its utilization of quantum discord, which is more resilient to noise than entanglement.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures
Rooted order on minimal generators of powers of some cover ideals
Creators: name: Erey, Nursel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define a total order, which we call rooted order, on minimal generating set of $J(P_n)^s$ where $J(P_n)$ is the cover ideal of a path graph on $n$ vertices. We show that each power of a cover ideal of a path has linear quotients with respect to the rooted order. Along the way, we characterize minimal generating set of $J(P_n)^s$ for $s\geq 3$ in terms of minimal generating set of $J(P_n)^2$. We also discuss the extension of the concept of rooted order to chordal graphs. Computational examples suggest that such order gives linear quotients for powers of cover ideals of chordal graphs as well.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Osaka Journal of Mathematics
Table S13 from The ontogeny of human laughter
Creators: name: Kret, Mariska E.
name: Venneker, Dianne
name: Evans, Bronwen
name: Samara, Iliana
name: Sauter, Disa
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Human adult laughter is characterized by vocal bursts produced predominantly during exhalation, yet apes laugh while exhaling and inhaling. The current study investigated our hypothesis that laughter of human infants changes from laughter similar to that of apes to increasingly resemble that of human adults over early development. We further hypothesized that the more laughter is produced on the exhale, the more positively it is perceived. To test these predictions, novice (n = 102) and expert (phonetician, n = 15) listeners judged the extent to which human infant laughter (n = 44) was produced during inhalation or exhalation, and the extent to which they found the laughs pleasant and contagious. Support was found for both hypotheses, which were further confirmed in two pre-registered replication studies. Likely through social learning and the anatomical development of the vocal production system, infants' initial ape-like laughter transforms into laughter similar to that of adult humans over the course of ontogeny.
Modeling Solids in Nuclear Astrophysics with Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Sagert, Irina
name: Korobkin, Oleg
name: Tews, Ingo
name: Tsao, Bing-Jyun
name: Lim, Hyun
name: Falato, Michael J.
name: Loiseau, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a frequently applied tool in computational astrophysics to solve the fluid dynamics equations governing the systems under study. For some problems, for example when involving asteroids and asteroid impacts, the additional inclusion of material strength is necessary in order to accurately describe the dynamics. In compact stars, that is white dwarfs and neutron stars, solid components are also present. Neutron stars have a solid crust which is the strongest material known in nature. However, their dynamical evolution, when modeled via SPH or other computational fluid dynamics codes, is usually described as a purely fluid dynamics problem. Here, we present the first 3D simulations of neutron-star crustal toroidal oscillations including material strength with the Los Alamos National Laboratory SPH code FleCSPH. In the first half of the paper, we present the numerical implementation of solid material modeling together with standard tests. The second half is on the simulation of crustal oscillations in the fundamental toroidal mode. Here, we dedicate a large fraction of the paper to approaches which can suppress numerical noise in the solid. If not minimized, the latter can dominate the crustal motion in the simulations.
description: 28 pages, 34 figures
Interface currents in topological superconductor-ferromagnet heterostructures
Creators: name: Brydon, P. M. R.
name: Timm, Carsten
name: Schnyder, Andreas P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the existence of a substantial charge current parallel to the interface between a noncentrosymmetric superconductor and a metallic ferromagnet. Our analysis focuses upon two complementary orbital-angular-momentum pairing states of the superconductor, exemplifying topologically nontrivial states which are gapped and gapless in the bulk, respectively. Utilizing a quasiclassical scattering theory, we derive an expression for the interface current in terms of Andreev reflection coefficients. Performing a systematic study of the current, we find stark qualitative differences between the gapped and gapless superconductors, which reflect the very different underlying topological properties. For the fully gapped superconductor, there is a sharp drop in the zero-temperature current as the system is tuned from a topologically nontrivial to a trivial phase. We explain this in terms of the sudden disappearance of the contribution to the current from the subgap edge states at the topological transition. The current in the gapless superconductor is characterized by a dramatic enhancement at low temperatures, and exhibits a singular dependence on the exchange-field strength in the ferromagnetic metal at zero temperature. This is caused by the energy shift of the strongly spin-polarized nondegenerate zero-energy flat bands due to their coupling to the exchange field. We argue that the interface current provides a novel test of the topology of the superconductor, and discuss prospects for the experimental verification of our predictions.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures, this version includes corrections made in a corrigendum to the published article