cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Kepler-424 b: A "Lonely" Hot Jupiter That Found A Companion
Creators: name: Endl, Michael
name: Caldwell, Douglas A.
name: Barclay, Thomas
name: Huber, Daniel
name: Isaacson, Howard
name: Buchhave, Lars A.
name: Brugamyer, Erik
name: Robertson, Paul
name: Cochran, William D.
name: MacQueen, Phillip J.
name: Havel, Mathieu
name: Lucas, Phillip
name: Howell, Steve B.
name: Fischer, Debra
name: Quintana, Elisa
name: Ciardi, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hot Jupiter systems provide unique observational constraints for migration models in multiple systems and binaries. We report on the discovery of the Kepler-424 (KOI-214) two-planet system, which consists of a transiting hot Jupiter (Kepler-424b) in a 3.31-d orbit accompanied by a more massive outer companion in an eccentric (e=0.3) 223-d orbit. The outer giant planet, Kepler-424c, is not detected to transit the host star. The masses of both planets and the orbital parameters for the second planet were determined using precise radial velocity (RV) measurements from the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) and its High Resolution Spectrograph (HRS). In stark contrast to smaller planets, hot Jupiters are predominantly found to be lacking any nearby additional planets, the appear to be "lonely" (e.g. Steffen et al.~2012). This might be a consequence of a highly dynamical past of these systems. The Kepler-424 planetary system is a system with a hot Jupiter in a multiple system, similar to upsilon Andromedae. We also present our results for Kepler-422 (KOI-22), Kepler-77 (KOI-127; Gandolfi et al.~2013), Kepler-43 (KOI-135; Bonomo et al.~2012), and Kepler-423 (KOI-183). These results are based on spectroscopic data collected with the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT), the Keck 1 telescope and HET. For all systems we rule out false positives based on various follow-up observations, confirming the planetary nature of these companions. We performed a comparison with planetary evolutionary models which indicate that these five hot Jupiters have a heavy elements content between 20 and 120 M_Earth.
description: 41 Pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Positive association of renal insufficiency with agriculture employment and unregulated alcohol consumption in Nicaragua
Creators: name: Hu, Yichun
name: Hogan, Susan L.
name: Callejas, Luis
name: Morgan, Douglas R.
name: Chin, Hyunsook
name: Sanoff, Scott L.
name: Alonso, Carlos D.
name: Colindres, Romulo E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Endemic renal insufficiency (RI) of unknown etiology is a major public health issue with high mortality in the Pacific coastal regions of Central America. We studied RI in León and Chinandega, Nicaragua, evaluating associations with known risk factors and hypothesized exposures.
Occupational Silica Exposure and Chronic Kidney Disease
Creators: name: Sandler, Dale P.
name: Vupputuri, Suma
name: Hogan, Susan L.
name: Nylander-French, Leena A.
name: Owen-Smith, Ashli
name: Parks, Christine G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Occupational exposure to silica may be associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Most studies have been conducted in occupational cohorts with high levels of exposure but small numbers of cases. We analyzed data from a population-based case-control study of occupational silica exposure and CKD.
Trends and Variations in Intravenous Vitamin D Use among Hemodialysis Patients in the United States
Creators: name: Beaubrun, Anne C.
name: Wang, Lily
name: Brookhart, M. Alan
name: Kshirsagar, Abhijit V.
name: Sleath, Betsy
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Injectable vitamin D agents are commonly used to manage secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients. Yet, there are few data documenting the trends and geographic variations in the use of these agents in large, representative samples. We sought to describe patterns and variations in the use of vitamin D formulations (calcitriol, paricalcitol, and doxercalciferol) in hemodialysis patients. We studied patients in the United States Renal Data System between January1999 and December 2008 with Medicare as a primary payer. Annual percentages of patients treated with each type of formulation were tabulated by race, sex, and age at dialysis initiation. The geographical distribution of vitamin D dose per patient was mapped at the state level. Intravenous vitamin D use has increased sharply from 1999 to 2008 with 83.9% of patients treated with any vitamin D formulation in 2008. The use of calcitriol has declined since 1999, going from being administered in 58.6% of patients in 1999 to 1.8% in 2008. Paricalcitol was found to be the overwhelmingly preferred formulation during the study years. In 2008, the average dose among black patients was 84% greater than among white patients (136 mcg vs. 73.6 mcg). Higher doses of vitamin D were administered to patients in the southern region of the country. Vitamin D use has increased and parallels the rise in use of paricalcitol and doxercalciferol. Given the variations in use and known pharmacologic differences in vitamin D formulations, future research should focus on whether the formulations differentially affect patient outcomes.
Realizability conditions for relativistic gases with a non-zero heat flux
Creators: name: Boccelli, Stefano
name: McDonald, James G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work introduces a limitation on the minimum value that can be assumed by the energy of a relativistic gas in the presence of a non-zero heat flux. Such a limitation arises from the non-negativity of the particle distribution function, and is found by solving the Hamburger moment problem. The resulting limitation is seen to recover the Taub inequality in the case of a zero heat flux, but is more strict if a non-zero heat flux is considered. These results imply that, in order for the distribution function to be non-negative, (i) the energy of a gas must be larger than a minimum threshold; (ii) the heat flux, on the other hand, has a maximum value determined by the energy and the pressure tensor; and (iii) there exists an upper limit for the the adiabatic index $Γ$ of the relativistic equation of state, and that limit decreases in the presence of a heat flux and pressure anisotropy, asymptoting to a value $Γ= 1$. The latter point implies that the Synge equation of state is formally incompatible with a relativistic gas showing a heat flux, except in certain gas states.
Scaling of kinematical, global observables, energy and entropy densities in p+p, p+Pb and Pb+Pb collisions from 0.01 to 13 TeV
Creators: name: Cuautle, Eleazar
name: Rosas, Edgar Domínguez
name: Rodríguez-Cahuantzi, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multiplicity and average transverse momentum of the charged and identified particles produced in different kinds of colliding systems are an example of global observables used to characterize events over a wide range of energy. Studying these observables provides insights into the collective phenomena and the geometric scaling properties of the systems created in ultra-relativistic p-Pb, Pb-Pb, and even in p-p collisions. The first part of this work presents a study of these variables using different Monte Carlo event generators. It analyzes their sensitivity to find collective phenomena at 0.01, 0.9, 2.76, 7, and 13 TeV, finding a less satisfactory description as the energy decreases. The second part analyzes the average transverse momentum of charged hadrons as a function of the multiplicity for p-p, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb data from the CMS and ALICE experiments. Comparing with Monte Carlo event generators, we look for a possible scaling law of average transverse momentum scaled to the overlap transverse collision area. Additionally, the experimental data are used to compute thermodynamical quantities such as the energy and entropy densities in the Bjorken approach. The results are compared with predictions from EPOS and PYTHIA Monte Carlo event generators. We observe an excellent agreement for from p-p but not for thermodynamical observables, where a sudden rise in a small range resembles the lattice QCD results for the $ε/T^4$ as a function of the temperature; however, only the experimental data from p-p show a kind of saturation.
description: Submitted to: J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys
From physics to pharmacology?
Creators: name: Allen, Richard J
name: Elston, Timothy C
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Over the last fifty years there has been an explosion of biological data, leading to the realization that to fully explain biological mechanisms it is necessary to interpret them as complex dynamical systems. The first stage of this interpretation is to determine which components (proteins, genes or metabolites) of the system interact. This is usually represented by a graph, or network. The behavior of this network can then be investigated using mathematical modeling. In vivo these biological networks show several remarkable (and seemingly paradoxical) properties including robustness, plasticity and sensitivity. Erroneous behavior of these networks is often associated with disease. Hence understanding the system-level properties can have important implications for the treatment of disease. Systems biology is an organized approach to quantitatively describe and elucidate the behavior of these complex networks. This review focuses on the progress and future challenges of a systems approach to biology.
Die Kritik an der wissenschaftlichen Medizin und die Attraktivität der westlichen "alternativen" Heilmethoden
Creators: name: Nüchtern, Michael
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 34 Nr. 5 (1998): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 34, Heft 5
Interacting LAEs at z = 5.1. Episodic star formation in a group of LAEs at z= 5.07
Creators: name: Espinosa, J. M. Rodriguez
name: Gonzalez-Martin, O.
name: Rodriguez, N. Castro
name: Perez-Gonzalez, P. G.
name: Mas-Hesse, J. M.
name: Munoz-Tunon, C.
name: Cava, A.
name: Cardiel, N.
name: Lavers, A. Cabrera
name: Gallego, J.
name: Caballero, A. Hernan
name: Ruiz, N. Herrera
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We are undertaking a search for high-redshift low luminosity Lyman Alpha sources in the SHARDS survey. Among the pre-selected Lyman Alpha sources 2 candidates were spotted, located 3.19 arcsec apart, and tentatively at the same redshift. Here we report on the spectroscopic confirmation with GTC of the Lyman Alpha emission from this pair of galaxies at a confirmed spectroscopic redshifts of z=5.07. Furthermore, one of the sources is interacting/merging with another close companion that looks distorted. Based on the analysis of the spectroscopy and additional photometric data, we infer that most of the stellar mass of these objects was assembled in a burst of star formation 100 Myr ago. A more recent burst (2 Myr old) is necessary to account for the measured Lyman Alpha flux. We claim that these two galaxies are good examples of Lyman Alpha sources undergoing episodic star formation. Besides, these sources very likely constitute a group of interacting Lyman Alpha emitters (LAEs).
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, accepted by MNRAS
Measurements of proportional scintillation and electron multiplication in liquid xenon using thin wires
Creators: name: Aprile, E.
name: Contreras, H.
name: Goetzke, L. W.
name: Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo
name: Messina, M.
name: Naganoma, J.
name: Plante, G.
name: Rizzo, A.
name: Shagin, P.
name: Wall, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Proportional scintillation in liquid xenon has a promising application in the field of direct dark matter detection, potentially allowing for simpler, more sensitive detectors. However, knowledge of the basic properties of the phenomenon as well as guidelines for its practical use are currently limited. We report here on measurements of proportional scintillation light emitted in liquid xenon around thin wires. The maximum proportional scintillation gain of $287^{+97}_{-75}$ photons per drift electron was obtained using 10 $μ$m diameter gold plated tungsten wire. The thresholds for electron multiplication and proportional scintillation are measured as $725^{+48}_{-139}$ and $412^{+10}_{-133}$ kV/cm, respectively. The threshold for proportional scintillation is in good agreement with a previously published result, while the electron multiplication threshold represents a novel measurement. A complete set of parameters for the practical use of the electron multiplication and proportional scintillation processes in liquid xenon was also obtained for the first time.
Estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) and defects in uterine receptivity in women
Creators: name: Apparao, KBC
name: Young, Steven L
name: Lininger, Ruth A
name: Lessey, Bruce A
name: Palomino, Wilder A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Endometriosis is a disorder that affects 5% of the normal population but is present in up to 40% of women with pelvic pain and/or infertility. Recent evidence suggests that the endometrium of women with endometriosis exhibits progesterone insensitivity. One endometrial protein that fluctuates in response to progesterone is the estrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha), being down-regulated at the time of peak progesterone secretion during the window of implantation. Here we demonstrate that the biomarker of uterine receptivity, beta 3 integrin subunit, is reduced or absent in some women with endometriosis and that such defects are accompanied by inappropriate over-expression of ER alpha during the mid-secretory phase. Using a well-differentiated endometrial cell line we showed that the beta 3 integrin protein is negatively regulated by estrogen and positively regulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF). By competing against estrogen with various selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and estrogen receptor agonists and antagonists, inhibition of expression of the beta 3 integrin by estrogen can be mitigated. In conclusion, we hypothesize that certain types of uterine receptivity defects may be caused by the loss of appropriate ER alpha down-regulation in the mid-secretory phase, leading to defects in uterine receptivity. Such changes might be effectively treated by timely administration of the appropriate anti-estrogens to artificially block ER alpha and restore normal patterns of gene expression. Such treatments will require further clinical studies.
title: Some early economic threads in the history of children's homes
Creators: name: Parker, Roy
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2017

description: The way in which children's homes have been funded has had a considerable bearing on their development. This is the principal 'thread' that will be traced in what follows, although a few diversions will be made to related economic issues. Our 'principal thread' is well illustrated in the early history of the reformatories and industrial schools; so, we begin with that.
SOFIA FEEDBACK survey: PDR diagnostics of stellar feedback in different regions of RCW 49
Creators: name: Tiwari, M.
name: Wolfire, M.
name: Pound, M. W.
name: Tarantino, E.
name: Karim, R.
name: Bonne, L.
name: Buchbender, C.
name: Güsten, R.
name: Guevara, C.
name: Kabanovic, S.
name: Kavak, Ü.
name: Mertens, M.
name: Schneider, N.
name: Simon, R.
name: Stutzki, J.
name: Tielens, A. G. G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantified the effects of stellar feedback in RCW 49 by determining the physical conditions in different regions using the [CII] 158 $μ$m and [OI] 63 $μ$m observations from SOFIA, the $^{12}$CO (3-2) observations from APEX and the H$_2$ line observations from Spitzer telescopes. Large maps of RCW 49 were observed with the SOFIA and APEX telescopes, while the Spitzer observations were only available towards three small areas. From our qualitative analysis, we found that the H$_2$ 0-0 S(2) emission line probes denser gas compared to the H$_2$ 0-0 S(1) line. In four regions ("northern cloud", "pillar", "ridge", and "shell"), we compared our observations with the updated PDR Toolbox models and derived the integrated far-ultraviolet flux between 6-13.6 eV ($G_{\rm 0}$), H nucleus density ($n$), temperatures and pressures. We found the ridge to have the highest $G_{\rm 0}$ (2.4 $\times$ 10$^3$ Habing units), while the northern cloud has the lowest $G_{\rm 0}$ (5 $\times$ 10$^2$ Habing units). This is a direct consequence of the location of these regions with respect to the Wd2 cluster. The ridge also has a high density (6.4 $\times$ 10$^3$ cm$^{-3}$), which is consistent with its ongoing star formation. Among the Spitzer positions, we found the one closest to the Wd2 cluster to be the densest, suggesting an early phase of star formation. Furthermore, the Spitzer position that overlaps with the shell was found to have the highest $G_{\rm 0}$ and we expect this to be a result of its proximity to an O9V star.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures
Oestrogen and progesterone action on endometrium: a translational approach to understanding endometrial receptivity
Creators: name: Young, Steven L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Embryo attachment and implantation is critical to successful reproduction of all eutherian mammals, including humans; a better understanding of these processes could lead to improved infertility treatments and novel contraceptive methods. Experience with assisted reproduction, especially oocyte donation cycles, has established that despite the diverse set of hormones produced by the ovary in a cycle-dependent fashion, the sequential actions of only two of them, oestrogen and progesterone, are sufficient to prepare a highly receptive endometrium in humans. Further investigation on the endometrial actions of these two hormones is currently providing significant insight into the implantation process in women, strongly suggesting that an abnormal response to progesterone underlies infertility in some patients.
Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays from Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Dutan, Ioana
name: Caramete, Laurentiu I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the production of ultra-high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) in relativistic jets from low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGN). We start by proposing a model for the UHECR contribution from the black holes (BHs) in LLAGN, which present a jet power $P_{\mathrm{j}} \leqslant 10^{46}$ erg s$^{-1}$. This is in contrast to the opinion that only high-luminosity AGN can accelerate particles to energies $ \geqslant 50$ EeV. We rewrite the equations which describe the synchrotron self-absorbed emission of a non-thermal particle distribution to obtain the observed radio flux density from sources with a flat-spectrum core and its relationship to the jet power. We find that the UHECR flux is dependent on the {\it observed radio flux density, the distance to the AGN, and the BH mass}, where the particle acceleration regions can be sustained by the magnetic energy extraction from the BH at the center of the AGN. We use a complete sample of 29 radio sources with a total flux density at 5 GHz greater than 0.5 Jy to make predictions for the maximum particle energy, luminosity, and flux of the UHECRs from nearby AGN. These predictions are then used in a semi-analytical code developed in Mathematica (SAM code) as inputs for the Monte-Carlo simulations to obtain the distribution of the arrival direction at the Earth and the energy spectrum of the UHECRs, taking into account their deflection in the intergalactic magnetic fields. For comparison, we also use the CRPropa code with the same initial conditions as for the SAM code. Importantly, to calculate the energy spectrum we also include the weighting of the UHECR flux per each UHECR source. Next, we compare the energy spectrum of the UHECRs with that obtained by the Pierre Auger Observatory.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1104.0825
Fertility preservation in patients with haematological disorders: a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Senapati, Suneeta
name: Mersereau, Jennifer E.
name: Kim, Jayeon
name: Efymow, Brenda
name: Gracia, Clarisa R.
name: Sammel, Mary D.
name: Morse, Christopher B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: This study investigated the factors associated with utilization of fertility preservation and the differences in treatments and outcomes by prior chemotherapy exposure in patients with haematological diseases. This study included all 67 women with haematological diseases seen for fertility preservation consultation at two university hospitals between 2006 and 2011. Of the total, 49% had lymphoma, 33% had leukaemia, 7% had myelodysplastic syndrome and 4% had aplastic anaemia; 46% had prior chemotherapy; and 33% were planning for bone marrow transplantation, 33% pursued ovarian stimulation and 7% used ovarian tissue banking; and 48% of patients did not pursue fertility preservation treatment. All five cycle cancellations were in the post-chemotherapy group: three patients with leukaemia and two with lymphoma. Patients with prior chemotherapy had lower baseline antral follicle count (10 versus 22) and received more gonadotrophins to achieve similar peak oestradiol concentrations, with no difference in oocyte yield (10.5 versus 10) after adjustment for age. Embryo yield was similar between those who had prior chemotherapy and those who had not. Half of the patients with haematological diseases who present for fertility preservation have been exposed to chemotherapy. While ovarian reserve is likely impaired in this group, oocyte yield may be acceptable.
Spontaneous CP violating quark scattering from asymmetric $Z\left(3\right)$ interfaces in QGP
Creators: name: Atreya, Abhishek
name: Das, Partha Bagchi. Arpan
name: Srivastava, Ajit M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we extend our earlier study of spontaneous CP violating scattering of quarks and anti-quarks from QCD $Z\left(3\right)$ domain walls for the situation when these walls have asymmetric profiles of the Polyakov loop order parameter $l(x)$. Dynamical quarks lead to explicit breaking of $Z(3)$ symmetry, which lifts the degeneracy of the $Z(3)$ vacua arising from spontaneous breaking of the $Z(3)$ symmetry in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) phase. Resulting domain walls have asymmetric profile of $l(x)$ (under reflection $x \rightarrow -x$ for a domain wall centered at the origin). We calculate the background gauge field profile $A_0$ associated with this domain wall profile. Interestingly, even with the asymmetric $l(x)$ profile, quark-antiquark scattering from the corresponding gauge field configuration does not reflect this asymmetry. We show that the expected asymmetry in scattering arises when we include the effect of asymmetric profile of $l(x)$ on the effective mass of quarks and antiquarks and calculate resultant scattering. We discuss the effects of such asymmetric Z(3) walls in generating quark and antiquark density fluctuations in cosmology, and in relativistic heavy-ion collisions e.g. event-by-event baryon fluctuations.
description: 9 pages, 3 captioned figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Gesundheit und Gesundheitsfürsorge aus der Sicht der Ersten Welt
Creators: name: Philibert, Paul J.
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 34 Nr. 5 (1998): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 34, Heft 5
Tuning the workfunction of ZnO through surface doping with Mn from first-principles simulations
Creators: name: Douloumis, Andreas
name: Vrithias, Nikolaos R. E.
name: Katsarakis, Nikos
name: Remediakis, Ioannis N.
name: Kopidakis, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surface doping of ZnO allows for tailoring the surface chemistry of the material while preserving the superb electronic structure of the bulk. Apart from obvious changes in adsorption energies and activation energies for catalysis, surface doping can alter the workfunction of the material and allow it to be tuned for specific photocatalytic and optoelectronic applications. We present first-principles electronic structure calculations for surface doping of Mn on the ZnO (0001) surface. Various dopant concentrations have been considered at the out-most (surface) layer of Zn atoms, while the interior of the material is kept at the ideal wurtzite structure. For each system, the surface energy and surface workfunction have been calculated. Both workfunction and surface energy drop with increasing Mn concentration for O-terminated surfaces, while more complex behaviour is observed in metal-terminated ones. We discuss trends in surface stability and surface electronic structure of this material and how they affect its properties.
description: 8 pages; to be published in Surface Science
Contraception for adolescents in low and middle income countries: needs, barriers, and access
Creators: name: McCarraher, Donna R
name: Phillips, Sharon J
name: Chandra-Mouli, Venkatraman
name: Hainsworth, Gwyn
name: Williamson, Nancy E
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Substantial numbers of adolescents experience the negative health consequences of early, unprotected sexual activity - unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortions, pregnancy-related mortality and morbidity and Sexually Transmitted Infections including Human Immunodeficiency Virus; as well as its social and economic costs. Improving access to and use of contraceptives – including condoms - needs to be a key component of an overall strategy to preventing these problems. This paper contains a review of research evidence and programmatic experiences on needs, barriers, and approaches to access and use of contraception by adolescents in low and middle income countries (LMIC). Although the sexual activity of adolescents (ages 10–19) varies markedly for boys versus girls and by region, a significant number of adolescents are sexually active; and this increases steadily from mid-to-late adolescence. Sexually active adolescents – both married and unmarried - need contraception. All adolescents in LMIC - especially unmarried ones - face a number of barriers in obtaining contraception and in using them correctly and consistently. Effective interventions to improve access and use of contraception include enacting and implementing laws and policies requiring the provision of sexuality education and contraceptive services for adolescents; building community support for the provision of contraception to adolescents, providing sexuality education within and outside school settings, and increasing the access to and use of contraception by making health services adolescent-friendly, integrating contraceptive services with other health services, and providing contraception through a variety of outlets. Emerging data suggest mobile phones and social media are promising means of increasing contraceptive use among adolescents.
Consistent Bayesian Information Criterion Based on a Mixture Prior for Possibly High-Dimensional Multivariate Linear Regression Models
Creators: name: Kono, Haruki
name: Kubokawa, Tatsuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the problem of selecting variables in a multivariate linear regression model, we derive new Bayesian information criteria based on a prior mixing a smooth distribution and a delta distribution. Each of them can be interpreted as a fusion of the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Inheriting their asymptotic properties, our information criteria are consistent in variable selection in both the large-sample and the high-dimensional asymptotic frameworks. In numerical simulations, variable selection methods based on our information criteria choose the true set of variables with high probability in most cases.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures
Balancing workload, motivation and job satisfaction in Rwanda: assessing the effect of adding family planning service provision to community health worker duties
Creators: name: Uwizeye, Marie Rose
name: Nkunda, Denis
name: Chin-Quee, Dawn
name: Wesson, Jennifer
name: Stockton, Laurie L.
name: Mugeni, Cathy
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundTask shifting from higher cadre providers to CHWs has been widely adopted to address healthcare provider shortages, but the addition of any service can potentially add to an already considerable workload for CHWs. Objective measures of workload alone, such as work-related time and travel may not reflect howCHWs actually perceive and react to their circumstances. This study combined perception and objectivemeasures of workload to examine their effect on quality of services, worker performance, and job and clientsatisfaction.MethodsThree hundred eighty-three CHWs from control and intervention districts, where the intervention group was trained to provide contraceptive resupply, completed diaries of work-related activities for one month. Interviews were also conducted with a subset of CHWs and their clients.ResultsCHW diaries did not reveal significant differences between intervention and control groups in time spent on service provision or travel. Over 90% of CHWs reported workload manageability, job satisfaction, and motivation to perform their jobs. Clients were highly satisfied with CHW services and most stated preference for future services from CHWs.ConclusionThe study demonstrated that adding resupply of hormonal contraceptives to CHWs’ tasks would not place undue burden on them. Accordingly, the initiative was scaled upin all 30 districts in the country.
Search for pair production of third-generation scalar leptoquarks and top squarks in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for pair production of third-generation scalar leptoquarks and supersymmetric top quark partners, top squarks, in final states involving tau leptons and bottom quarks is presented. The search uses events from a data sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC with sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The number of observed events is found to be in agreement with the expected standard model background. Third-generation scalar leptoquarks with masses below 740 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level, assuming a 100% branching fraction for the leptoquark decay to a tau lepton and a bottom quark. In addition, this mass limit applies directly to top squarks decaying via an R-parity violating coupling lambda'[333]. The search also considers a similar signature from top squarks undergoing a chargino-mediated decay involving the R-parity violating coupling lambda'[3jk]. Each top squark decays to a tau lepton, a bottom quark, and two light quarks. Top squarks in this model with masses below 580 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level. The constraint on the leptoquark mass is the most stringent to date, and this is the first search for top squarks decaying via lambda'[3jk].
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
Unmet health needs identified by Haitian women as priorities for attention: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Walmer, David K
name: Small, Maria
name: Tinfo, Nicole
name: Merisier, Delson
name: Urrutia, Eugene
name: Peragallo Urrutia, Rachel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: This 2009 qualitative study investigated Haitian women’s most pressing health needs, barriers to meeting those needs and proposed solutions, and how they thought the community and outside organizations should be involved in addressing their needs. The impetus for the study was to get community input into the development of a Family Health Centre in Leogane, Haiti. Individual interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with 52 adult women in six communities surrounding Leogane. The most pressing health needs named by the women were accessible, available and affordable health care, potable water, enough food to eat, improved economy, employment, sanitation and education, including health education. Institutional corruption, lack of infrastructure and social organization, the cost of health care, distance from services and lack of transport as barriers to care were also important themes. The involvement of foreign organizations and local community groups, including grassroots women’s groups who would work in the best interests of other women, were identified as the most effective solutions. Organizations seeking to improve women’s health care in Haiti should develop services and interventions that prioritize community partnership and leadership, foster partnerships with government, and focus on public health needs.
Analysis of PFOA in dosed CD-1 mice. Part 2: Disposition of PFOA in tissues and fluids from pregnant and lactating mice and their pups
Creators: name: Stanko, Jason P.
name: Lindstrom, Andrew B.
name: White, Sally S.
name: Strynar, Mark J.
name: Nakayama, Shoji F.
name: Petropoulou, Syrago-Styliani E.
name: Reiner, Jessica L.
name: Fenton, Suzanne E.
name: Delinsky, Amy D.
name: Hines, Erin P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Previous studies in mice with multiple gestational exposures to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) demonstrate numerous dose dependent growth and developmental effects which appeared to worsen if offspring exposed in utero nursed from PFOA-exposed dams. To evaluate the disposition of PFOA in the pregnant and lactating dam and her offspring, time-pregnant CD-1 mice received a single 0, 0.1, 1, or 5 mg PFOA/kg BW dose (n = 25/dose group) by gavage on gestation day 17. Maternal and pup fluids and tissues were collected over time. Pups exhibited significantly higher serum PFOA concentrations than their respective dams, and their body burden increased after birth until at least postnatal day 8, regardless of dose. The distribution of milk:serum PFOA varied by dose and time, but was typically in excess of 0.20. These data suggest that milk is a substantial PFOA exposure route in mice and should be considered in risk assessment modeling designs for this compound.
Stream Processing for Solar Physics: Applications and Implications for Big Solar Data
Creators: name: Battams, Karl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modern advances in space technology have enabled the capture and recording of unprecedented volumes of data. In the field of solar physics this is most readily apparent with the advent of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which returns in excess of 1 terabyte of data daily. While we now have sufficient capability to capture, transmit and store this information, the solar physics community now faces the new challenge of analysis and mining of high-volume and potentially boundless data sets such as this: a task known to the computer science community as stream mining. In this paper, we survey existing and established stream mining methods in the context of solar physics, with a goal of providing an introductory overview of stream mining algorithms employed by the computer science fields. We consider key concepts surrounding stream mining that are applicable to solar physics, outlining existing algorithms developed to address this problem in other fields of study, and discuss their applicability to massive solar data sets. We also discuss the considerations and trade-offs that may need to be made when applying stream mining methods to solar data. We find that while no one single solution is readily available, many of the methods now employed in other data streaming applications could successfully be modified to apply to solar data and prove invaluable for successful analysis and mining of this new source.
description: 9 Pages; Survey paper submitted to Solar Astronomy Big Data 14 Workshop (IEEE BigData 2014)
Medium effects for hadron-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions
Creators: name: Zakharov, B. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the medium modification factor $I_{pp}$ within the light-cone path integral approach to induced gluon emission. We use parametrization of the running coupling $α_s(Q,T)$ which has a plateau around $Q\sim κT$. We calculate $I_{pp}$ with no free parameters using $κ$ fitted to the LHC data on the nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}$. We find that the theoretical multiplicity dependence of the ratio $I_{pp}/\langle I_{pp}\rangle$ for $5.02$ TeV $pp$ collisions agrees reasonably with the recent preliminary data from ALICE [1].
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
ADVANCING TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF MICRONEEDLE ARRAY TECHNOLOGIES
Creators: name: Suraj Dubey,*Dr. Abadhesh Kumar Niranjan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Transdermal microneedle array technology has emerged as a promising innovation in drug delivery, addressing the limitations of conventional transdermal systems by enhancing skin permeability while maintaining a minimally invasive approach. Microneedles, which are tiny needles ranging from 50 to 900 micrometers in length, create microchannels in the skin's stratum corneum, the primary barrier to drug penetration. This allows for the effective delivery of various therapeutic agents, including large molecules and biologics, that would otherwise be unable to permeate the skin. There are several types of microneedles, including solid, coated, dissolving, and hollow microneedles, each with distinct mechanisms for drug delivery. Solid microneedles create pathways for subsequent drug application, while coated and dissolving microneedles deliver drugs directly through dissolution or degradation within the skin. Hollow microneedles facilitate the direct injection of liquid formulations into the dermis. These designs enable precise dosing, targeted delivery, and controlled release, making them suitable for a wide range of applications, including vaccine administration, diabetes management, cancer therapy, and cosmetic treatments. Microneedle arrays offer significant advantages such as improved patient compliance due to their painlessness, reduced risk of infection, and the potential for self-administration. However, challenges such as manufacturing complexity, variability in skin penetration, and drug stability remain. Ongoing research and development are focused on overcoming these obstacles, with future directions exploring the integration of microneedles with wearable devices and smart drug delivery systems. Transdermal microneedle technology represents a significant advancement in drug delivery, offering a versatile and patient-friendly alternative to traditional methods.

Keywords: Transdermal drug delivery, Microneedle array technology, Skin permeability, Targeted drug delivery, Controlled release
Effects of perfluorooctanoic acid on mouse mammary gland development and differentiation resulting from cross-foster and restricted gestational exposures
Creators: name: Wolf, Cynthia J.
name: Stanko, Jason P.
name: Jia, Lily T.
name: Basden, Brian J.
name: Hines, Erin P.
name: White, Sally S.
name: Abbott, Barbara D.
name: Fenton, Suzanne E.
name: Calafat, Antonia M.
name: Kato, Kayoko
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The adverse consequences of developmental exposures to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are established in mice, and include impaired development of the mammary gland (MG). However, the relationships between timing or route of exposure, and consequences in the MG have not been characterized. To address the effects of these variables on the onset and persistence of MG effects in female offspring, timed pregnant CD-1 dams received PFOA by oral gavage over various gestational durations. Cross-fostering studies identified the 5 mg/kg dose, under either lactational- or intrauterine-only exposures, to delay MG development as early as postnatal day (PND) 1, persisting beyond PND 63. Intrauterine exposure during the final days of pregnancy caused adverse MG developmental effects similar to that of extended gestational exposures. These studies confirm a window of MG sensitivity in late fetal and early neonatal life, and demonstrate developmental PFOA exposure results in early and persistent MG effects, suggesting permanent consequences.
Estimating the atmospheric properties of 44 M dwarfs from SPIRou spectra
Creators: name: Cristofari, P. I.
name: Donati, J. -F.
name: Masseron, T.
name: Fouqué, P.
name: Moutou, C.
name: Carmona, A.
name: Artigau, E.
name: Martioli, E.
name: Hébrard, G.
name: Gaidos, E.
name: Delfosse, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe advances on a method designed to derive accurate parameters of M dwarfs. Our analysis consists in comparing high-resolution infrared spectra acquired with the near-infrared spectro-polarimeter SPIRou to synthetic spectra computed from MARCS model atmospheres, in order to derive the effective temperature ($T_{\rm eff}$), surface gravity ($\rm \log{g}$), metallicity ([M/H]) and alpha-enhancement ($\rm [α/Fe]$) of 44 M dwarfs monitored within the SPIRou Legacy Survey (SLS). Relying on 12 of these stars, we calibrated our method by refining our selection of well modelled stellar lines, and adjusted the line list parameters to improve the fit when necessary. Our retrieved $T_{\rm eff}$, $\rm \log{g}$ and [M/H] are in good agreement with literature values, with dispersions of the order of 50 K in $T_{\rm eff}$ and 0.1 dex in $\rm \log{g}$ and [M/H]. We report that fitting $\rm [α/Fe]$ has an impact on the derivation of the other stellar parameters, motivating us to extend our fitting procedure to this additional parameter. We find that our retrieved $\rm [α/Fe]$ are compatible with those expected from empirical relations derived in other studies.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures + appendix and supplementary material; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Electrically Driven Thermal Infrared Metasurface with Narrowband Emission
Creators: name: Liu, Xiu
name: Jing, Lin
name: Luo, Xiao
name: Yu, Bowen
name: Du, Shen
name: Wang, Zexiao
name: Kim, Hyeonggyun
name: Zhong, Yibai
name: Shen, Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metasurfaces consisting of an array of planar sub-wavelength structures have shown great potentials in controlling thermal infrared radiation, including intensity, coherence, and polarization. These capabilities together with the two-dimensional nature make thermal metasurfaces an ultracompact multifunctional platform for infrared light manipulation. Integrating the functionalities, such as amplitude, phase (spectrum and directionality), and polarization, on a single metasurface offers fascinating device responses. However, it remains a significant challenge to concurrently optimize the optical, electrical, and thermal responses of a thermal metasurface in a small footprint. In this work, we develop a center-contacted electrode line design for a thermal infrared metasurface based on a gold nanorod array, which allows local Joule heating to electrically excite the emission without undermining the localized surface plasmonic resonance. The narrowband emission of thermal metasurfaces and their robustness against temperature nonuniformity demonstrated in this work have important implications for the applications in infrared imaging, sensing, and energy harvesting.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Locations and Morphologies of Jellyfish Galaxies in A2744 and A370
Creators: name: Bellhouse, C.
name: Poggianti, B. M.
name: Moretti, A.
name: Vulcani, B.
name: Werle, A.
name: Gullieuszik, M.
name: Radovich, M.
name: Jaffe, Y. L.
name: Fritz, J.
name: Ignesti, A.
name: Bacchini, C.
name: Tomicic, N.
name: Richard, J.
name: Soucail, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the orbits, environments and morphologies of 13 ram-pressure stripped galaxies in the massive, intermediate redshift (z$\sim0.3-0.4$) galaxy clusters A2744 and A370, using MUSE integral-field spectroscopy and HST imaging from the Frontier Fields Program. We compare different measures of the locations and morphologies of the stripped sample with a sample of 6 poststarburst galaxies identified within the same clusters, as well as the general cluster population. We calculate the phase space locations of all cluster galaxies and carry out a substructure analysis, finding that the ram-pressure stripped galaxies in A370 are not associated with any substructures, but are likely isolated infalling galaxies. In contrast, the ram-pressure stripped galaxies in A2744 are strictly located within a high-velocity substructure, moving through a region of dense X-ray emitting gas. We conclude that their ram-pressure interactions are likely to be the direct result of the merger between two components of the cluster. Finally, we study the morphologies of the stripped and poststarburst galaxies, using numerical measures to quantify the level of visual disturbances. We explore any morphological deviations of these galaxies from the cluster population, particularly the weaker cases which have been confirmed via the presence of ionised gas tails to be undergoing ram-pressure stripping, but are not strongly visually disturbed in the broad-band data. We find that the stripped sample galaxies are generally divergent from the general cluster sample, with poststarburst galaxies being intermediary in morphology between stripped galaxies and red passive cluster members.
description: 27 pages, 17 figures