cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exploring a deep meridional flow hypothesis for a circulation dominated solar dynamo model
Creators: name: Guerrero, G. A.
name: Muñoz, J. D.
name: Pino, E M. de Gouveia Dal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Circulation-dominated solar dynamo models, which employ a helioseismic rotation profile and a fixed meridional flow, give a good approximation to the large scale solar magnetic phenomena, such as the 11-year cycle or the so called Hale's law of polarities. Nevertheless, the larger amplitude of the radial shear at the high latitudes makes the dynamo to produce a strong toroidal magnetic field at high latitudes, in contradiction with the observations of the sunspots (Sporer`s Law). A possible solution was proposed by Nandy and Choudhur (2002) in which a deep meridional flow can conduct the magnetic field inside of a stable layer (the radiative core) and then allow that it erupts just at lower latitudes. We have recently explored this hypothesis in a different approximation, using the magnetic buoyancy mechanism proposed by Dikpaty and Charbonneau (1999) and found that a deep meridional flow pushes the maximum of the toroidal magnetic field towards the solar equator, but, in contrast to Nandy and Choudhuri (2002), a second zone of maximum fields remains at the poles (Guerrero and Munoz (2004)). We here review these results and also discuss a new possible scenario where the tachocline has an ellipsoidal shape, following early helioseismologic observations Charbonneau et. al., (1999), and find that the modification of the geometry of the tachocline can lead to results which are in good agreement with observations and opens the possibility to explore in more detail, through the dynamo model, the place where the magnetic field could be really stored.
description: 8 pages, 6 (low resolution) figures, Procs. of Conference Magnetic Fields in the Universe: from laboratory and stars to primordial structures, AIP (NY), eds. E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, G. Lugones and A. Lazarian
Integration of Acoustic Detection Equipment into ANTARES
Creators: name: Lahmann, R.
name: Anton, G.
name: Graf, K.
name: Hoessl, J.
name: Kappes, A.
name: Karg, T.
name: Katz, U.
name: Naumann, C.
name: Salomon, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ANTARES group at the University of Erlangen is working towards the integration of a set of acoustic sensors into the ANTARES Neutrino Telescope. With this setup, tests of acoustic particle detection methods and background studies shall be performed. The ANTARES Neutrino Telescope, which is currently being constructed in the Mediterranean Sea, will be equipped with the infrastructure to accommodate a 3-dimensional array of photomultipliers for the detection of Cherenkov light. Within this infrastructure, the required resources for acoustic sensors are available: Bandwidth for the transmission of the acoustic data to the shore, electrical power for the off-shore electronics and physical space to install the acoustic sensors and to route the connecting cables (transmitting signals and power) into the electronics containers. It will be explained how the integration will be performed with minimal modifications of the existing ANTARES design and which setup is foreseen for the acquisition of the acoustic data.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the proceedings of the 1st International ARENA Workshop, May 17-19th, 2005, DESY Zeuthen (Germany)
Relativistic tidal effects on clock-comparison experiments
Creators: name: Qin, Cheng-Gang
name: Tan, Yu-Jie
name: Shao, Cheng-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the relativistic tidal effects on frequency shift of clock-comparison experiments. The relativistic formulation for frequency shift and time transfer is derived in the gravitational field of a tidal, axisymmetric, and rotating Earth. With the help of Love numbers describing the tidal response of solid Earth, we formulize the mathematical connection between tidal effects from the ground-based clock-comparison experiments and the local gravity tides from the gravimeters, which in turn provides us an approach to eliminate tidal influences on clock comparison with the local gravity tides data. Moreover, we develop a method of the perturbed Kepler orbit to determine relativistic effects of clock comparison for space missions, which allows more precise calculations comparing to the conventional method of unperturbed Kepler orbit. With this perturbed method, it can give the perturbation of relativistic effects due to the orbital changes under the influences of tidal forces, Earth's oblateness etc. In addition, as the applications of our results, we simulate tidal effects in frequency shift for the clock comparison on the ground and also give some estimates for TianQin mission and GPS.
A large Nc perspective on the QCD phase diagram
Creators: name: Toublan, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transition between the hadronic phase and the quark gluon plasma phase at nonzero temperature and quark chemical potentials is studied within the large-Nc expansion of QCD.
description: 5 pages
AREA OF EXPERTISE TEAMS: THE MICHIGAN APPROACH TO APPLIED RESEARCH AND EXTENSION
Creators: name: Leholm, Arlen G.
name: Hamm, Larry G.
name: Suvedi, Murari
name: Gray, Ian
name: Poston, Fred
name: Leholm, Arlen G.
name: Hamm, Larry G.
name: Suvedi, Murari
name: Gray, Ian
name: Poston, Fred
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Michigan State University's Extension and Agricultural Experiment Station have restructured their educational delivery system through implementation of area of expertise teams. Adopting the concept of self-directed work teams from industry has resulted in enhanced credibility with stakeholders, a seamless linkage between research and Extension, and increased appropriations from the state legislature.
AGGREGATION WITHOUT SEPARABILITY: TESTS OF U.S. AND MEXICAN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION DATA
Creators: name: Lin, Ni
name: Davis, George C.
name: Shumway, C. Richard
name: Lin, Ni
name: Davis, George C.
name: Shumway, C. Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: aggregation
subject: separability
subject: generalized composite commodity theorem

description: The generalized composite commodity theorem (Lewbel 1996) is used to test for consistent aggregation of U.S. and Mexican agricultural production data in each of the categories for which earlier tests rejected homothetic separability. All U.S. agricultural outputs can be justifiably aggregated into as few as four categories. All Mexican agricultural outputs can be aggregated into as few as five categories. The aggregation of all outputs into a single output cannot be supported in either country by sufficient conditions provided by the generalized composite commodity theorem and/or a homothetically separable technology.
RFRL Gym: A Reinforcement Learning Testbed for Cognitive Radio Applications
Creators: name: Rosen, Daniel
name: Rochez, Illa
name: McIrvin, Caleb
name: Lee, Joshua
name: D'Alessandro, Kevin
name: Wiecek, Max
name: Hoang, Nhan
name: Saffarini, Ramzy
name: Philips, Sam
name: Jones, Vanessa
name: Ivey, Will
name: Harris-Smart, Zavier
name: Harris-Smart, Zavion
name: Chin, Zayden
name: Johnson, Amos
name: Jones, Alyse M.
name: Headley, William C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Radio Frequency Reinforcement Learning (RFRL) is anticipated to be a widely applicable technology in the next generation of wireless communication systems, particularly 6G and next-gen military communications. Given this, our research is focused on developing a tool to promote the development of RFRL techniques that leverage spectrum sensing. In particular, the tool was designed to address two cognitive radio applications, specifically dynamic spectrum access and jamming. In order to train and test reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms for these applications, a simulation environment is necessary to simulate the conditions that an agent will encounter within the Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum. In this paper, such an environment has been developed, herein referred to as the RFRL Gym. Through the RFRL Gym, users can design their own scenarios to model what an RL agent may encounter within the RF spectrum as well as experiment with different spectrum sensing techniques. Additionally, the RFRL Gym is a subclass of OpenAI gym, enabling the use of third-party ML/RL Libraries. We plan to open-source this codebase to enable other researchers to utilize the RFRL Gym to test their own scenarios and RL algorithms, ultimately leading to the advancement of RL research in the wireless communications domain. This paper describes in further detail the components of the Gym, results from example scenarios, and plans for future additions.
 Index Terms-machine learning, reinforcement learning, wireless communications, dynamic spectrum access, OpenAI gym
Binaries with total eclipses in the LMC: potential targets for spectroscopy
Creators: name: North, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 35 Eclipsing binaries presenting unambiguous total eclipses were selected from a subsample of the list of Wyrzykowski et al. (2003). The photometric elements are given for the I curve in DiA photometry, as well as approximate Teff and masses of the components. The interest of these systems is stressed in view of future spectroscopic observations.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure; poster presented at the conference "Close binaries in the 21st Century: new opportunities and challenges", Syros, 27-30 June 2005
Theory of collective opinion shifts: from smooth trends to abrupt swings
Creators: name: Michard, Quentin
name: Bouchaud, Jean-Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We unveil collective effects induced by imitation and social pressure by analyzing data from three different sources: birth rates, sales of cell phones and the drop of applause in concert halls. We interpret our results within the framework of the Random Field Ising Model, which is a threshold model for collective decisions accounting both for agent heterogeneity and social imitation. Changes of opinion can occur either abruptly or continuously, depending on the importance of herding effects. The main prediction of the model is a scaling relation between the height h of the speed of variation peak and its width $w$ of the form h ~ w^{-kappa}, with kappa = 2/3 for well connected populations. Our three sets of data are compatible with such a prediction, with kappa ~ 0.62 for birth rates, kappa ~ 0.71 for cell phones and kappa ~ 0.64 for clapping. In this last case, we in fact observe that some clapping samples end discontinuously (w=0), as predicted by the model for strong enough imitation.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Spontaneous decay processes in a classical strong low-frequency laser field
Creators: name: Macovei, M.
name: Evers, J.
name: Keitel, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spontaneous emission of an excited two-level emitter driven by a strong classical coherent low-frequency electromagnetic field is investigated. We find that for relatively strong laser driving, multi-photon processes are induced, thereby opening additional decay channels for the atom. We analyze the interplay between the strong low-frequency driving and the interfering multiphoton decay channels, and discuss its implications for the spontaneous emission dynamics.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
TAXATION, FINES, AND PRODUCER LIABILITY RULES: EFFICIENCY AND MARKET STRUCTURE IMPLICATIONS
Creators: name: Hamilton, Stephen F.
name: Hamilton, Stephen F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Public Economics

description: This paper addresses the comparative efficiency of liability rules and regulatory policy in competitive equilibria with endogenous product safety. Pigouvian taxation fails to achieve long-run social optimality. A policy involving accident fines and safety subsidization can achieve efficiency, although the optimal policy may involve taxation, not subsidization, of product safety.
PROMOTING FARM SAFETY WITH ECONOMIC AND MANAGERIAL INCENTIVES
Creators: name: Park, Timothy A.
name: Hartley, Judy
name: Park, Timothy A.
name: Hartley, Judy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Farm Management

description: The ex ante marginal values of management strategies for farm producers facing significant exposures to accident risks is assessed. A probit model describing the factors influencing the probability of a farm accident is estimated jointly with an ordered probit model for the severity of the accident.
Statistical relationships between corresponding authorship, international co-authorship and citation impact of national research systems
Creators: name: de Moya-Anegon, Felix
name: Guerrero-Bote, Vicente P.
name: Lopez-Illescas, Carmen
name: Moed, Henk F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a statistical analysis of the relationship between three science indicators applied in earlier bibliometric studies, namely research leadership based on corresponding authorship, international collaboration using international co-authorship data, and field-normalized citation impact. Indicators at the level of countries are extracted from the SIR database created by SCImago Research Group from publication records indexed for Elsevier's Scopus. The relationship between authorship and citation-based indicators is found to be complex, as it reflects a country's phase of scientific development and the coverage policy of the database. Moreover, one should distinguish a genuine leadership effect from a purely statistical effect due to fractional counting. Further analyses at the level of institutions and qualitative validation studies are recommended.
description: Peer-reviewed author copy of a paper published in Journal of Informetrics
Recursive evaluation and iterative contraction of $N$-body equivariant features
Creators: name: Nigam, Jigyasa
name: Pozdnyakov, Sergey
name: Ceriotti, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mapping an atomistic configuration to an $N$-point correlation of a field associated with the atomic positions (e.g. an atomic density) has emerged as an elegant and effective solution to represent structures as the input of machine-learning algorithms. While it has become clear that low-order density correlations do not provide a complete representation of an atomic environment, the exponential increase in the number of possible $N$-body invariants makes it difficult to design a concise and effective representation. We discuss how to exploit recursion relations between equivariant features of different orders (generalizations of $N$-body invariants that provide a complete representation of the symmetries of improper rotations) to compute high-order terms efficiently. In combination with the automatic selection of the most expressive combination of features at each order, this approach provides a conceptual and practical framework to generate systematically-improvable, symmetry adapted representations for atomistic machine learning.
Superconducting and Normal State Properties of Neutron Irradiated MgB2
Creators: name: Wilke, R. H. T.
name: Bud'ko, S. L.
name: Canfield, P. C.
name: Famer, J.
name: Hannahs, S. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed a systematic study of the evolution of the superconducting and normal state properties of neutron irradiated MgB$_2$ wire segments as a function of fluence and post exposure annealing temperature and time. All fluences used suppressed the transition temperature, Tc, below 5 K and expanded the unit cell. For each annealing temperature Tc recovers with annealing time and the upper critical field, Hc2(T=0), approximately scales with Tc. By judicious choice of fluence, annealing temperature and time, the Tc of damaged MgB2 can be tuned to virtually any value between 5 and 39 K. For higher annealing temperatures and longer annealing times the recovery of Tc tends to coincide with a decrease in the normal state resistivity and a systematic recovery of the lattice parameters.
description: Updated version, to appear in Phys. Rev. B
MODELING IMPACTS OF SOIL CONSERVATION ON PRODUCTIVITY AND YIELD VARIABILITY: EVIDENCE FROM A HETEROSKEDASTIC SWITCHING REGRESSION
Creators: name: Shively, Gerald E.
name: Shively, Gerald E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Land Economics/Use
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The impact of soil conservation adoption on yield and yield risk is investigated using a conditionally heteroskedastic production function with endogenous switching. Analysis shows that controlling for plot-specific factors, adopters exhibit lower yields and higher yield variance than non-adopters. Regression results indicate soil conservation increases yields and reduces yield variance.
Estimation of the Star Formation Rate using Long-Gamma Ray Burst observed by SWIFT
Creators: name: Elías-Chávez, M.
name: Martínez, O. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 85-11 (Primary) 85A35, 85-10 (Secondary)

description: In this work we estimate the Star Formation Rate (SFR) through 333 Long-GRBs detected by Swift. This investigation is based on the empirical model proposed by Yüksel et al. (2008), basically, the SFR is estimated using long-GRBs considering that they have an stellar origin based on the Collapsar model or the collapse of massive stars (Hypernova) $M>20 M_{\bigodot} $. The analysis starts with the study of $\varepsilon (z)$ which accounts the long-GRBs production rate and it is parameterized by $\varepsilon(z)=\varepsilon_{0}(1+z)^δ $ where $\varepsilon_{0}$ include the SFR absolute conversion to GRBs rate in a luminosity range already defined and $δ$ is a dynamical parameter which changes at different regions of redshift it accounts the SFR slope which is obtained by an analysis of linear regression over our Long-GRBs sample, the results obtained provide evidence that support our proposal to use Long-GRBs as tracers of SFR.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Spin polarized transport in the weak-link between $f$-wave superconductors
Creators: name: Rashedi, G.
name: Kolesnichenko, Yu. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin current in the Josephson junction as a weak link (interface) between misorientated triplet superconductors is investigated theoretically for the models of the order parameter in $UPt_{3}$. Green functions of the system are obtained from the quasiclassical Eilenberger equations. The analytical results for the charge and spin currents are illustrated by numerical calculations for the certain misorientation angles of gap vector of superconductors. As the main result of this paper, it is found that, at some values of the phase difference, at which the charge current is exactly zero, the spin current has its maximum value. Furthermore, it is shown that the origin of spin current is the misorientation between gap vectors of triplet superconductors.
description: 7pages, 9 figures
LAND TITLING IN PERU: IS IT FULFILLING ITS PROMISE?
Creators: name: Larson, Janelle M.
name: Smith, Stephen M.
name: Abler, David G.
name: Trivelli, Carolina
name: Larson, Janelle M.
name: Smith, Stephen M.
name: Abler, David G.
name: Trivelli, Carolina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: The objective of this paper is to determine the impact of land titling in coastal Peru on the beneficiaries of this program. The paper examines the effects of land titling on access to credit, on-farm investment, the use of conservation techniques and the functioning of land markets.
A COMPARISON OF RESAMPLING TECHNIQUES WHEN PARAMETERS ARE ON A BOUNDARY: THE BOOTSTRAP, SUBSAMPLE BOOTSTRAP, AND SUBSAMPLE JACKKNIFE
Creators: name: Hilmer, Christiana E.
name: Holt, Matthew T.
name: Hilmer, Christiana E.
name: Holt, Matthew T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper compares the finite sample performance of subsample bootstrap and subsample jackknife techniques to the traditional bootstrap method when parameters are constrained to be on some boundary. To assess how these three methods perform in an empirical application, a negative semi-definite translog cost function is estimated using U.S. manufacturing data.
Cost-Efficient Storage for On-Demand Video Streaming on Cloud
Creators: name: Darwich, Mahmoud
name: Ismail, Yasser
name: Darwich, Talal
name: Bayoumi, Magdy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Video stream is converted to several formats to support the user's device, this conversion process is called video transcoding, which imposes high storage and powerful resources. With emerging of cloud technology, video stream companies adopted to process video on the cloud. Generally, many formats of the same video are made (pre-transcoded) and streamed to the adequate user's device. However, pre-transcoding demands huge storage space and incurs a high-cost to the video stream companies. More importantly, the pre-transcoding of video streams could be hierarchy carried out through different storage types in the cloud. To minimize the storage cost, in this paper, we propose a method to store video streams in the hierarchical storage of the cloud. Particularly, we develop a method to decide which video stream should be pre-transcoded in its suitable cloud storage to minimize the overall cost. Experimental simulation and results show the effectiveness of our approach, specifically, when the percentage of frequently accessed videos is high in repositories, the proposed approach minimizes the overall cost by up to 40 percent.
description: International IEEE World Forum for Internet of Things
Brunotte, D. Heinz (Hrsg.) / Weber, Otto (Hrsg.), Evangelisches Kirchenlexikon
Creators: name: Krüger
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 13 Nr. 2 (1964): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 13, Heft 2
A 'DIFFERENTIAL' DIFFERENTIAL DEMAND SYSTEM
Creators: name: Mancuso, Anthony J.
name: Mancuso, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: Traditionally, estimation of demand systems is predicated on the validity of several axioms of consumer behavior. While such abstractions make empirical work easier, they can also overlook important economic behavior. Because the price of a good does not reflect the total cost of purchase, there is reason to believe that consumer responses to changes in price are not continuous. Utilizing a regime switching model, we show that there are indeed important threshold effects, and that these effects bias elasticity estimates toward zero.
RISK AND RETURN TO IP GRAIN PRODUCTION: THE CASE OF HIGH OIL CORN
Creators: name: Davis, Todd D.
name: Gray, Allan W.
name: Dobbins, Craig L.
name: Davis, Todd D.
name: Gray, Allan W.
name: Dobbins, Craig L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Returns for soybeans, commodity corn and high oil corn under an export and domestic market buyer's-call contract were simulated. High oil corn is competitive with commodity corn when yield drag is two percent and bundling reduces seed cost. Commodity loan rate is important in reducing high oil corn price risk.
Continuum RPA study of the incoherent mu-e conversion rate and its spurious 1- admixture
Creators: name: Papakonstantinou, P.
name: Kosmas, T. S.
name: Wambach, J.
name: Faessler, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The incoherent transition strength of the exotic mu-e conversion in the 208Pb nucleus is investigated by utilizing the Continuum RPA method, appropriate for the evaluation of the rate that goes to the continuum of the nuclear spectrum. We find that the contribution of resonances lying high in the continuum is not negligible. Special attention is paid to the detailed study of the pronounced 1- contribution which, according to previous calculations, dominates the overall incoherent rate in about all the nuclear targets. The spurious center of mass admixture to the partial rate originating from the 1- excitations is explored, and its elimination is performed by correcting properly the dipole operators. The results found this way show that the greatest portion of the total 1- contribution to the incoherent rate is spurious.
description: 8 pages, incl. 7 figures, 1 table, using REVTEX4
RENEWABLE ENERGY AND GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION
Creators: name: Choiniere, Conrad J.
name: Choiniere, Conrad J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The paper develops an exhaustible resource model with cumulative pollution and a backstop technology that exhibits increasing marginal costs of production. The model explores conditions under which it is optimal to have a protracted transition period where both an exhaustible and renewable resource are used simultaneously.
BFT embedding of the Green-Schwarz superstring and the pure spinor formalism
Creators: name: Gaona, Alejandro
name: Garcia, J. Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We worked out the Batalin-Fradkin-Tyutin (BFT) conversion program of second class constraints to first class constraints in the GS superstring using light cone coordinates. By applying this systematic procedure we were able to obtain a gauge system that is equivalent to the recent model proposed by Berkovits and Marchioro to relate the GS superstring to the pure spinor formalism.
description: 12 pages latex2e, v2 typos fixed, v3 published in JHEP
LLM4PLC: Harnessing Large Language Models for Verifiable Programming of PLCs in Industrial Control Systems
Creators: name: Fakih, Mohamad
name: Dharmaji, Rahul
name: Moghaddas, Yasamin
name: Araya, Gustavo Quiros
name: Ogundare, Oluwatosin
name: Faruque, Mohammad Abdullah Al
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.4; I.2.7; I.2.2

description: Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have established pre-dominance in automated code generation, they are not devoid of shortcomings. The pertinent issues primarily relate to the absence of execution guarantees for generated code, a lack of explainability, and suboptimal support for essential but niche programming languages. State-of-the-art LLMs such as GPT-4 and LLaMa2 fail to produce valid programs for Industrial Control Systems (ICS) operated by Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). We propose LLM4PLC, a user-guided iterative pipeline leveraging user feedback and external verification tools including grammar checkers, compilers and SMV verifiers to guide the LLM's generation. We further enhance the generation potential of LLM by employing Prompt Engineering and model fine-tuning through the creation and usage of LoRAs. We validate this system using a FischerTechnik Manufacturing TestBed (MFTB), illustrating how LLMs can evolve from generating structurally flawed code to producing verifiably correct programs for industrial applications. We run a complete test suite on GPT-3.5, GPT-4, Code Llama-7B, a fine-tuned Code Llama-7B model, Code Llama-34B, and a fine-tuned Code Llama-34B model. The proposed pipeline improved the generation success rate from 47% to 72%, and the Survey-of-Experts code quality from 2.25/10 to 7.75/10. To promote open research, we share the complete experimental setup, the LLM Fine-Tuning Weights, and the video demonstrations of the different programs on our dedicated webpage.
description: 12 pages; 8 figures; Appearing in the 46th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Practice; for demo website, see https://sites.google.com/uci.edu/llm4plc/home
INTERDEPENDENCE OF AGRICULTURE AND TOURISM: QUANTIFYING THE VALUE OF THE AGRICULTURAL WORKING LANDSCAPE IN VERMONT
Creators: name: Wood, Nancy
name: Halbrendt, Catherine K.
name: Liang, Chyi-Lyi (Kathleen)
name: Wang, Qingbin
name: Wood, Nancy
name: Halbrendt, Catherine K.
name: Liang, Chyi-Lyi (Kathleen)
name: Wang, Qingbin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Land Economics/Use
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This study evaluates the impact of the agricultural working landscape on the Vermont tourist industry and state economy. Vermont is known for its scenery, especially its agricultural landscape. It has often been stated that Vermont's tourist industry, which represents 15% of the state's economy, depends upon this special landscape for its comparative advantage in the New England tourism market. However, Vermont's landscape is changing. The number of farms and acres of farmland have decreased significantly in the past several decades. State policy makers are grappling with the challenge of supporting and preserving both the farm and tourist economies in the face of regional and global competition. This study quantifies the impact of the agricultural working landscape on tourist demand in Vermont. Primary data were gathered through a survey of visitors to Vermont to determine how the disappearance of the agricultural landscape would affect their willingness to visit the state. Findings indicate that 84% of respondents value the agricultural landscape of Vermont and 58.5% of the respondents would be less likely to visit Vermont if there were very few farms. Knowing the level of this impact will help policy makers decide how much to invest in the preservation of farmland and marketing of farm visits and eco-tourism.
CMB B-mode polarization from Thomson scattering in the local universe
Creators: name: Hirata, Christopher M.
name: Loeb, Abraham
name: Afshordi, Niayesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] The polarization of the CMB is widely recognized as a potential source of information about primordial gravitational waves. The gravitational wave contribution can be separated from the dominant CMB polarization created by density perturbations because it generates both E and B polarization modes, whereas the density perturbations create only E polarization. The limits of our ability to measure gravitational waves are thus determined by statistical and systematic errors, foregrounds, and nonlinear evolution effects such as lensing of the CMB. Usually it is assumed that most foregrounds can be removed because of their frequency dependence, however Thomson scattering of the CMB quadrupole by electrons in the Galaxy or nearby structures shares the blackbody frequency dependence of the CMB. If the optical depth from these nearby electrons is anisotropic, the polarization generated can include B modes even without tensor perturbations. We estimate this effect for the Galactic disk and nearby extragalactic structures, and find that it contributes to the B polarization at the level of ~(1--2)x10^-4μK per logarithmic interval in multipole L for L<30. This is well below the detectability level even for a future CMB polarization satellite. Depending on its structure and extent, the Galactic corona may be a source of B-modes comparable to the residual large-scale lensing B-mode after the latter has been cleaned using lensing reconstruction techniques. For an extremely ambitious post-Planck CMB experiment, Thomson scattering in the Galactic corona is thus a potential contaminant of the gravitational wave signal; conversely, if the other foregrounds can be cleaned out, such an experiment might be able to constrain models of the corona.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, to be submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Long- and short-range correlations in the ab-initio no-core shell model
Creators: name: Stetcu, Ionel
name: Barrett, Bruce R.
name: Navratil, Petr
name: Vary, James P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of the ab-initio no-core shell model (NCSM), we describe the longitudinal-longitudinal distribution function, part of the inclusive (e,e') longitudinal response. In the two-body cluster approximation, we compute the effective operators consistent with the unitary transformation used to obtain the effective Hamiltonian. When short-range correlations are probed, the results display independence from the model space size and length scale. Long-range correlations are more difficult to model in the NCSM and they can be described only by increasing the model space or increasing the cluster size. In order to illustrate the model space independence for short-range observables, we present results for a large set of model spaces for 4He, and in 0-4hw model spaces for 12C.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
MEASURING FISHING CAPACITY: AN APPLICATION TO IN NORTH PACIFIC GROUNDFISH FISHERIES
Creators: name: Felthoven, Ronald G.
name: Felthoven, Ronald G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This research provides estimates of fishing capacity for the pollock fishery of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands using DEA and stochastic frontier techniques. Capacity estimates are computed and compared under various model specifications, as well as before and after passage of the American Fisheries Act, which allowed for cooperatives in the pollock fishery.
IRREVERSIBLE ABATEMENT INVESTMENT UNDER COST UNCERTAINTIES: TRADABLE EMISSION PERMITS AND EMISSIONS CHARGES
Creators: name: Zhao, Jinhua
name: Zhao, Jinhua
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: A major concern with TEPs is that stochastic permit prices may discourage abatement investment relative to other policies such as a fixed emissions charge. However, the price uncertainty is fundamentally caused by abatement cost uncertainties, which affect investment under both policies. We develop a rational expectations general equilibrium model of permit trading to show how uncertainty reduces investment. Differences between the two policies can be decomposed into a general equilibrium effect and a price-vs-quantity effect. Except for the curvature of the payoff functions, uncertainties reduce both effects: tradable permits in fact helps maintain firms' investment incentives under uncertainty.
CO-to-H$_2$ Conversion and Spectral Column Density in Molecular Clouds: The Vriability of $X_{\rm CO}$ Factor
Creators: name: Sofue, Yoshiaki
name: Kohno, Mikito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analyzing the Galactic plane CO survey with the Nobeyama 45-m telescope, we compared the spectral column density (SCD) of H$_2$ calculated for $^{12}$CO line using the current conversion factor $X_{\rm CO}$ to that for $^{13}$CO line under LTE in M16 and W43 regions. Here, SCD is defined by $dN_{\rm H_2}/dv$ with $N_{\rm H_2}$ and $v$ being the column density and radial velocity, respectively. It is found that the $X_{\rm CO}$ method significantly under-estimates the H$_2$ density in a cloud or region, where SCD exceeds a critical value ($ \sim 3\times 10^{21}\ [{\rm H_2 \ cm^{-2} \ (km \ s^{-1})^{-1}}]$), but over-estimates in lower SCD regions. We point out that the actual CO-to-H$_2$ conversion factor varies with the H$_2$ column density or with the CO-line intensity: It increases in the inner and opaque parts of molecular clouds, whereas it decreases in the low-density envelopes. However, in so far as the current $X_{\rm CO}$ is used combined with the integrated $^{12}$CO intensity averaged over an entire cloud, it yields a consistent value with that calculated using the $^{13}$CO intensity by LTE. Based on the analysis, we propose a new CO-to-\Htwo conversion relation, $N_{\rm H_2}^* = \int X_{\rm CO}^*(T_{\rm B}) T_{\rm B} dv$, where $X_{\rm CO}^*=(T_{\rm B}/T_{\rm B}^*)^βX_{\rm CO}$ is the modified spectral conversion factor as a function of the brightness temperature, $T_{\rm B}$, of the ${12}$CO ($J=1-0$) line, and $β\sim 1-2$ and $T_{\rm B}^*=12-16$ K are empirical constants obtained by fitting to the observed data. The formula corrects for the over/under estimation of the column density at low/high-CO line intensities, and is applicable to molecular clouds with $T_{\rm B} \ge 1$ K (rms noise in the data) from envelope to cores at sub-parsec scales (resolution). (Full resolution copy available at http://www.ioa.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~sofue/news/2020_mn_Xco12co13_fugin.pdf)
description: Accepted for MNRAS, 11 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, Full resolution copy at http://www.ioa.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~sofue/news/2020_mn_Xco12co13_fugin.pdf
THE IMPACT OF NEGATIVITY ON SEPARABILITY TESTING
Creators: name: Eales, James S.
name: Henderson, Jason R.
name: Eales, James S.
name: Henderson, Jason R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: While performing separability tests, studies rarely checked negativity to ensure the appropriate curvature of the expenditure function. The effect of imposing negativity on the results of separability tests is examined. Findings indicate that imposing negativity can affect separability tests in demand systems that do not spontaneously satisfy the curvature restriction.
TREE REMOVALS AND SALINE SEEPAGE IN VICTORIAN CATCHMENTS: SOME HYDROLOGIC AND ECONOMIC RESULTS
Creators: name: Greig, P.J.
name: Devonshire, P.G.
name: Greig, P.J.
name: Devonshire, P.G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Land Economics/Use
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Average salt concentrations in a number of Victorian streams are related statistically to the proportions of their catchments cleared of trees for agriculture and to other catchment variables. A causal relationship is assumed, so that an economic evaluation of one of the external benefits of tree retention in a given catchment can be estimated. This is done by using the model to predict stream salinity increases that would occur with further clearing, and estimating the costs of such increases by either the costs experienced by water users, or the costs of restoring stream salinity to the original level. The methods are illustrated by application to a representative catchment.
Nonequilibrium steady states in sheared binary fluids
Creators: name: Stansell, P.
name: Stratford, K.
name: Desplat, J. -C.
name: Adhikari, R.
name: Cates, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We simulate by lattice Boltzmann the steady shearing of a binary fluid mixture undergoing phase separation with full hydrodynamics in two dimensions. Contrary to some theoretical scenarios, a dynamical steady state is attained with finite domain lengths $L_{x,y}$ in the directions ($x,y)$ of velocity and velocity gradient. Apparent scaling exponents are estimated as $L_{x}\sim\dotγ^{-2/3}$ and $L_{y}\sim\dotγ^{-3/4}$. We discuss the relative roles of diffusivity and hydrodynamics in attaining steady state.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Relay Assisted OFDM with Subcarrier Number Modulation in Multi-Hop Cooperative Networks
Creators: name: Dang, Shuping
name: Zhou, Jiusi
name: Shihada, Basem
name: Alouini, Mohamed-Slim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) with subcarrier number modulation (OFDM-SNM) manifests its superior nature of high spectral efficiency (SE) and low complexity for signal estimation. To exploit the spatial gain of OFDM-SNM, we propose a relay assisted OFDM-SNM scheme for multi-hop cooperative systems in this letter. It is stipulated that a relay operated by decode-and-forward (DF) and half-duplex (HD) protocols exists in each hop. We analyze the outage performance of the relay assisted OFDM-SNM system. The average outage probability is approximated in closed form. Moreover, to reveal the diversity and coding gains of relay assisted OFDM-SNM, we explore the asymptotic outage performance at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by power series expansion. To verify the improvement on outage performance and energy efficiency, we carry out the comparison among different multi-hops systems with traditional OFDM-SNM fixing a certain distance from source to destination. Simulation results corroborate the derived outage probabilities and provide insight into the proposed system in this letter.
Ballistic dynamics of a convex smooth-wall billiard with finite escape rate along the boundary
Creators: name: Rozhkov, Igor
name: Murthy, Ganpathy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We focus on the problem of an impurity-free billiard with a random position-dependent boundary coupling to the environment. The response functions of such an open system can be obtained non-perturbatively from a supersymmetric generating functional. The derivation of this functional is based on averaging over the escape rates and results in a non-linear ballistic $σ$-model, characterized by system-specific parameters. Particular emphasis is placed on the {}``whispering gallery modes'' as the origin of surface diffusion modes in the limit of large dimensionless conductance.
description: 12 pages, no figures
RISK PERCEPTION AND THE ANALYSIS OF RISK ATTITUDES
Creators: name: Quiggin, John C.
name: Quiggin, John C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Risk has long been recognised as an important feature of the environment facing farmers. In recent years the von Neumann-Morgenstern expected utility theory has been used to analyse decision making under risk. However, many people behave in a manner inconsistent with the expected utility theory. One widely suggested explanation is based on subjective probability distortion. A number of attempts to incorporate this phenomenon into utility theories have been made. In this paper, the problems of analysing subjective probability distortion are discussed. Evidence from a survey of farmers' risk attitudes undertaken in conjunction with the 1977 BAE Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey is analysed in the light of this discussion.
OpenSkill: A faster asymmetric multi-team, multiplayer rating system
Creators: name: Joshy, Vivek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.4

description: Assessing and comparing player skill in online multiplayer gaming environments is essential for fair matchmaking and player engagement. Traditional ranking models like Elo and Glicko-2, designed for two-player games, are insufficient for the complexity of multi-player, asymmetric team-based matches. To address this gap, the OpenSkill library offers a suite of sophisticated, fast, and adaptable models tailored for such dynamics. Drawing from Bayesian inference methods, OpenSkill provides a more accurate representation of individual player contributions and speeds up the computation of ranks. This paper introduces the OpenSkill library, featuring a Python implementation of the Plackett-Luce model among others, highlighting its performance advantages and predictive accuracy against proprietary systems like TrueSkill. OpenSkill is a valuable tool for game developers and researchers, ensuring a responsive and fair gaming experience by efficiently adjusting player rankings based on game outcomes. The library's support for time decay and diligent documentation further aid in its practical application, making it a robust solution for the nuanced world of multiplayer ranking systems. This paper also acknowledges areas for future enhancement, such as partial play and contribution weighting, emphasizing the library's ongoing development to meet the evolving needs of online gaming communities.
Formation of Kuiper-belt binaries through multiple chaotic scattering encounters with low-mass intruders
Creators: name: Astakhov, Sergey A.
name: Lee, Ernestine A.
name: Farrelly, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The discovery that many trans-neptunian objects exist in pairs, or binaries, is proving invaluable for shedding light on the formation, evolution and structure of the outer Solar system. Based on recent systematic searches it has been estimated that up to 10% of Kuiper-belt objects might be binaries. However, all examples discovered to-date are unusual, as compared to near-Earth and main-belt asteroid binaries, for their mass ratios of order unity and their large, eccentric orbits. In this article we propose a common dynamical origin for these compositional and orbital properties based on four-body simulations in the Hill approximation. Our calculations suggest that binaries are produced through the following chain of events: initially, long-lived quasi-bound binaries form by two bodies getting entangled in thin layers of dynamical chaos produced by solar tides within the Hill sphere. Next, energy transfer through gravitational scattering with a low-mass intruder nudges the binary into a nearby non-chaotic, stable zone of phase space. Finally, the binary hardens (loses energy) through a series of relatively gentle gravitational scattering encounters with further intruders. This produces binary orbits that are well fitted by Kepler ellipses. Dynamically, the overall process is strongly favored if the original quasi-bound binary contains comparable masses. We propose a simplified model of chaotic scattering to explain these results. Our findings suggest that the observed preference for roughly equal mass ratio binaries is probably a real effect; that is, it is not primarily due to an observational bias for widely separated, comparably bright objects. Nevertheless, we predict that a sizeable population of very unequal mass Kuiper-belt binaries is likely awaiting discovery.
description: This is a preprint of an Article accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, (C) 2005 The Royal Astronomical Society