cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spatial information display subsystem
Creators: name: Witiuk, Sidney Wayne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: As our society becomes more and more complex, planners, politicians and other decision-makers are increasing their demands for relevant, accurate and timely statistical information on a "tailor-made" spatial basis. Government agencies responsible for the provision of statistical data in map form have found that conventional approaches to thematic mapping are not able to cope with these demands and are therefore turning to automated and semi-automated production systems. This thesis deals with the design objectives for an interactive spatial information display subsystem for Census data and reports upon efforts to integrate existing packages into this framework. Consideration is also given to the factors influencing the choice between building a special-purpose subsystem or adopting existing packages with similar or complementary objectives. Finally, a few typical results are appended to demonstrate the current level of operational capacity.
Sustained ferromagnetism induced by H-vacancies in graphane
Creators: name: Berashevich, Julia
name: Chakraborty, Tapash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic and magnetic properties of graphane with H-vacancies are investigated with the help of quantum-chemistry methods. The hybridization of the edges is found to be absolutely crucial in defining the size of the bandgap, which is increased from 3.04 eV to 7.51 eV when the hybridization is changed from the sp^2 to the sp^3 type. The H-vacancy defects also influence the size of the gap depending on the number of defects and their distribution between the two sides of the graphane plane. Further, the H-vacancy defects induced on one side of the graphane plane and placed on the neighboring carbon atoms are found to be the source of ferromagnetism which is distinguished by the high stability of the state with a large spin number in comparison to that of the singlet state and is expected to persist even at room temperatures. However, the ferromagnetic ordering of the spins is obtained to be limited by the concentration of H-vacancy defects and ordering would be preserved if number of defects do not exceed eight.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Evolution Systems of Measures for Non-autonomous Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Processes with Lévy noise
Creators: name: Wooster, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H10

description: We examine the question of existence and uniqueness of evolution systems of measures for non-autonomous Ornstein-Uhlenbeck-type processes with jumps. In particular, we give examples where we explicitly compute the densities of such families of measures.
Review of current estimates of the Galaxy mass
Creators: name: Bobylev, V. V.
name: Bajkova, A. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An overview of the methods used to estimate the mass of the Galaxy and the results obtained by various authors recently according to modern data is given. In particular, the estimates obtained based on the analysis of the galactic rotation curve, on the kinematics of the Galactic dwarf satellites and globular clusters, on the streams of such dwarf galaxies, on escape speed, as well as on halo stars are considered. Estimates of the Galaxy mass in the form $M (
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Impatto della glomerulopatia cronica da trapianto sulla disfunzione tardiva del rene trapiantato
Failure of kidney transplant: the role of transplant glomerulopathy
Creators: name: Valerio, Francesca <1978>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: MED/14 Nefrologia

description: INTRODUCTION. Late chronic allograft disfunction (CAD) is one of the more concerning issues in the management of patients (pts) with renal transplant (tx). Humoral immune response seems to play an important role in CAD pathogenesis.   
AIM OF THE STUDY. To identify the causes of late chronic allograft disfunction. 
METHODS. This study (march 2004-august 2011) enrolled pts who underwent renal biopsy (BR) because of CAD (increase of creatininemia (s-Cr) >30% and/or proteinuria >1g/day at least one year after tx). BR were classified according to 1997/2005 Banff classification. Histological evaluation of C4d (positive if >25%), glomerulitis, tubulitis, intimal arteritis, atrophy/fibrosis and arteriolar-hyalinosis were performed. Ab anti-HLA research at BR was an inclusion criteria. Pts were divided into two groups: with or without transplant glomerulopathy (CTG). 
RESULTS. Evaluated BR: 93/109. BR indication: impaired s-Cr (52/93), proteinuria (23/93), both (18/93). Time Tx-BR: 7.4±6.3 yrs; s-Cr at BR: 2.7±1.4 mg/dl.

	         CTG group(n=49) not-CTG group(n=44)	p
Time tx-BR (yrs)	9.3±6.7	    5.3±5.2	      0.002
Follow-up post-BR (yrs)	2.7±1.8	    4.1±1.4	     0.0001
s-Cr at BR (mg/dl)	2.9±1.3	    2.4±1.5	         NS
Rate (%) of pts: 			
Proteinuria at BR	61%	     25%	     0.0004
C4d+	                84%	     25%	    <0.0001
Ab anti-HLA+	        71%	     30%	     0.0001
C4d+ and/or Ab antiHLA	92%	     43%	     0.0001
Glomerulitis	        76%	     16%	    <0.0001
Tubulitis	        6%	     32%	     0.0014
Intimal arteritis	18%	      0%	      0.002
Arteriolar hyalinosis	65%	     50%	         NS
Atrophy/fibrosis	80%	     77%	         NS
Graft survival	        45%	     86%	    0.00005

Histological Diagnosis:
CTG group (n=49:Chronic rejection 94%;IgA recurrence + humoral activity 4%;IIA acute rejection + humoral activity 2%. Not-CTG group (n=44: GN recurrence 27%;IF/TA 23%; acute rejection 23%;BKV nephritis 9%; mild not specific alterations 18%.
CONCLUSIONS: CTG is the morphological lesion mainly related to CAD. In the 92% of the cases it is associated with markers of immunological activity. It causes  graft failure within five years after diagnosis in 55% of pts.
Relation of Microstreams in the Polar Solar Wind to Switchbacks and Coronal X-ray Jets
Creators: name: Neugebauer, Marcia
name: Sterling, Alphonse C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ulysses data obtained at high solar latitudes during periods of minimum solar activity in 1994 and 2007 are examined to determine the relation between velocity structures called microstreams and folds in the magnetic field called switchbacks. A high correlation is found. The possibility of velocity peaks in microstreams originating from coronal X-ray jets is re-examined; we now suggest that microstreams are the consequence of the alternation of patches of switchbacks and quiet periods, where the switchbacks could be generated by minifilament/flux rope eruptions that cause coronal jets.
Going for gold: exploring the reach and impact of Gold open access articles in hybrid journals [white paper]
Creators: name: Nature, Springer
name: Emery, Christina
name: Lucraft, Mithu
name: Monaghan, Jessica
name: Stuart, David
name: Winter, Susie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: In 2021, Springer Nature commissioned an analysis of 60,567 articles published in 1,262 of its hybrid journals, measuring reach by the number of downloads and the attention reflected in the Altmetric Attention Score, and impact through the number of citations.
This white paper presents the findings from that analysis, which show a clear advantage in reach and impact for articles published OA in hybrid journals compared to non-OA articles in the same journals, and for the first time also an advantage for full (Gold) OA articles compared to subscription articles where an earlier article version (such as an accepted manuscript (AM) or preprint) has been self-archived in an OA repository.
Data set: https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Going_for_gold_exploring_the_reach_and_impact_of_Gold_open_access_articles_in_hybrid_journals_data_set_/16860238
Making CMB temperature and polarization maps with Madam
Creators: name: Keihanen, E.
name: Keskitalo, R.
name: Kurki-Suonio, H.
name: Poutanen, T.
name: Sirvio, A. -S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Madam is a CMB map-making code, designed to make temperature and polarization maps of time-ordered data of total power experiments like Planck. The algorithm is based on the destriping technique, but it also makes use of known noise properties in the form of a noise prior. The method in its early form was presented in an earlier work by Keihanen et al. (2005). In this paper we present an update of the method, extended to non-averaged data, and include polarization. In this method the baseline length is a freely adjustable parameter, and destriping can be performed at a different map resolution than that of the final maps. We show results obtained with simulated data. This study is related to Planck LFI activities.
description: 14 pages
Examining the Role and Limits of Batchnorm Optimization to Mitigate Diverse Hardware-noise in In-memory Computing
Creators: name: Bhattacharjee, Abhiroop
name: Moitra, Abhishek
name: Kim, Youngeun
name: Venkatesha, Yeshwanth
name: Panda, Priyadarshini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In-Memory Computing (IMC) platforms such as analog crossbars are gaining focus as they facilitate the acceleration of low-precision Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) with high area- & compute-efficiencies. However, the intrinsic non-idealities in crossbars, which are often non-deterministic and non-linear, degrade the performance of the deployed DNNs. In addition to quantization errors, most frequently encountered non-idealities during inference include crossbar circuit-level parasitic resistances and device-level non-idealities such as stochastic read noise and temporal drift. In this work, our goal is to closely examine the distortions caused by these non-idealities on the dot-product operations in analog crossbars and explore the feasibility of a nearly training-less solution via crossbar-aware fine-tuning of batchnorm parameters in real-time to mitigate the impact of the non-idealities. This enables reduction in hardware costs in terms of memory and training energy for IMC noise-aware retraining of the DNN weights on crossbars.
description: Accepted in Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2023 (GLSVLSI 2023) conference
On the Trustworthiness of Tree Ensemble Explainability Methods
Creators: name: Yasodhara, Angeline
name: Asgarian, Azin
name: Huang, Diego
name: Sobhani, Parinaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The recent increase in the deployment of machine learning models in critical domains such as healthcare, criminal justice, and finance has highlighted the need for trustworthy methods that can explain these models to stakeholders. Feature importance methods (e.g. gain and SHAP) are among the most popular explainability methods used to address this need. For any explainability technique to be trustworthy and meaningful, it has to provide an explanation that is accurate and stable. Although the stability of local feature importance methods (explaining individual predictions) has been studied before, there is yet a knowledge gap about the stability of global features importance methods (explanations for the whole model). Additionally, there is no study that evaluates and compares the accuracy of global feature importance methods with respect to feature ordering. In this paper, we evaluate the accuracy and stability of global feature importance methods through comprehensive experiments done on simulations as well as four real-world datasets. We focus on tree-based ensemble methods as they are used widely in industry and measure the accuracy and stability of explanations under two scenarios: 1) when inputs are perturbed 2) when models are perturbed. Our findings provide a comparison of these methods under a variety of settings and shed light on the limitations of global feature importance methods by indicating their lack of accuracy with and without noisy inputs, as well as their lack of stability with respect to: 1) increase in input dimension or noise in the data; 2) perturbations in models initialized by different random seeds or hyperparameter settings.
D3.2: Report on simulations of first RFIC implementations
Creators: name: Merkle, Thomas
name: Ntouni, Georgia
name: Carrasco, Eduardo
name: Kokkoniemi, Joonas
name: Alexiou, Angeliki
name: Hrasnica, Halid
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: D-band transceivers, broadband design limitations, dual-channel, XPIC, RFICs, InGaAs HEMTs

description: This deliverable describes the D-band transceiver RFICs, which were planned and designed as part of the first project phase between M12 and M17. Prior work for this activity explored some test structures for developing mixed-signal functions at the later stage, as well as breakout circuits and test packages for some critical transceiver functions for risk mitigation during the first year of the project. The fabrication, testing and packaging of the transceiver chipset is part of the second year, followed by the integration into an outdoor unit for the first field trials in ARIANDE. The main objective of this deliverable is to provide an overview of the RFIC chipset that will also serve as the baseline for further research in ARIADNE on energy efficient D-band transceivers as well as front-end management and control interfaces needed for that purpose.
 Coordinator and technical contributor of this deliverable is IAF. The technical quality is assured by the technical manager Prof. Angeliki Alexiou and the Task Leaders ICOM (Task 3.1), IAF (Task 3.2), NCSRD (Task 3.3), and AALTO (Task 3.4).
title: Компромиссная паретовская оценка параметров регрессионной модели ущерба от киберпреступлений
title: Compromise Pareto’s Evaluation of Parameters for Regression Model of Damage by Cybercrimes
Creators: name: Носков , Сергей Иванович
Publisher: name: Издательский центр СурГУ
Year: 2021

description: В работе построена регрессионная модель влияния валового внутреннего продукта США, а также количества утечек данных и вскрытых записей на ущерб от киберпреступлений. Параметры этой модели представляют собой компромиссную паретовскую оценку в задаче минимизации векторной функции потерь. При идентификации параметров модели использованы методы наименьших квадратов и минимизации векторной функции потерь. С целью повышения адекватности модели задействована комбинированная переменная, обобщающая показатели, характеризующие похищенную информацию. В качестве информационной базы использованы статистические данные США за 2005–2019 гг.
description: The paper builds a regression model of the influence of the US gross domestic product, as well as the number of data breaches and exposed records, on the damage from cybercrimes. The parameters of this model represent a compromise Pareto estimate in the problem of minimizing the vector loss function. In identifying the parameters of the model, the method of least squares and minimization of the vector loss function are used. To improve the adequacy of the model, a composite variable is used that summarizes indicators characterizing the stolen information. The US statistical data for 2005–2019 is used as an information base for the model.
title: TC de fracturas acetabulares: lo que el radiólogo general debe saber
Creators: name: Ortega Molina, Lesly Yanory
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Extremities
subject: CT

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
Objetivos: Describir e ilustrar la anatomía de la región acetabular Conocer los diferentes tipos de fracturas según la clasificación de Judet y col.
y...
title: Angio-TC en la urgencia en el diagnóstico de isquemia mesentérica aguda.
Creators: name: Gómez Jiménez, José Fermín
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Vascular
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Acute

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
Describir el papel del angio-TC en el diagnóstico urgente de la isquemia mesentérica aguda (IMA),
la técnica más adecuada y preparación del paciente así como los principaleshallazgos radiológicos encontrados. Exponerbrevemente la...
The origin of very wide binary systems
Creators: name: Kouwenhoven, M. B. N.
name: Goodwin, S. P.
name: Parker, Richard J.
name: Davies, M. B.
name: Malmberg, D.
name: Kroupa, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The majority of stars in the Galactic field and halo are part of binary or multiple systems. A significant fraction of these systems have orbital separations in excess of thousands of astronomical units, and systems wider than a parsec have been identified in the Galactic halo. These binary systems cannot have formed through the 'normal' star-formation process, nor by capture processes in the Galactic field. We propose that these wide systems were formed during the dissolution phase of young star clusters. We test this hypothesis using N-body simulations of evolving star clusters and find wide binary fractions of 1-30%, depending on initial conditions. Moreover, given that most stars form as part of a binary system, our theory predicts that a large fraction of the known wide 'binaries' are, in fact, multiple systems.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the proceedings of IAU Symposium 266, eds. R. de Grijs & J.R.D. Lepine
Excited-state DMRG made simple with FEAST
Creators: name: Baiardi, Alberto
name: Kelemen, Anna K.
name: Reiher, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce DMRG[FEAST], a new method for optimizing excited-state many-body wave functions with the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm. Our approach applies the FEAST algorithm, originally designed for large-scale diagonalization problems, to matrix product state wave functions. We show that DMRG[FEAST] enables the stable optimization of both low- and high-energy eigenstates, therefore overcoming the limitations of state-of-the-art excited-state DMRG algorithms. We demonstrate the reliability of DMRG[FEAST] by calculating anharmonic vibrational excitation energies of molecules with up to 30 fully coupled degrees of freedom.
description: 44 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables
Optimizing Airbnb Search Journey with Multi-task Learning
Creators: name: Tan, Chun How
name: Chan, Austin
name: Haldar, Malay
name: Tang, Jie
name: Liu, Xin
name: Abdool, Mustafa
name: Gao, Huiji
name: He, Liwei
name: Katariya, Sanjeev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: At Airbnb, an online marketplace for stays and experiences, guests often spend weeks exploring and comparing multiple items before making a final reservation request. Each reservation request may then potentially be rejected or cancelled by the host prior to check-in. The long and exploratory nature of the search journey, as well as the need to balance both guest and host preferences, present unique challenges for Airbnb search ranking. In this paper, we present Journey Ranker, a new multi-task deep learning model architecture that addresses these challenges. Journey Ranker leverages intermediate guest actions as milestones, both positive and negative, to better progress the guest towards a successful booking. It also uses contextual information such as guest state and search query to balance guest and host preferences. Its modular and extensible design, consisting of four modules with clear separation of concerns, allows for easy application to use cases beyond the Airbnb search ranking context. We conducted offline and online testing of the Journey Ranker and successfully deployed it in production to four different Airbnb products with significant business metrics improvements.
description: Search Ranking, Recommender Systems, User Search Journey, Multi-task learning, Two-sided marketplace
Geometry of the quantum universe
Creators: name: Ambjorn, J.
name: Goerlich, A.
name: Jurkiewicz, J.
name: Loll, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A universe much like the (Euclidean) de Sitter space-time appears as background geometry in the causal dynamical triangulation (CDT) regularization of quantum gravity. We study the geometry of such universes which appear in the path integral as a function of the bare coupling constants of the theory.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures. Typos corrected. Conclusions unchanged
From the Dust of the Earth
Creators: name: Lathrop, William H.
name: Lathrop, William H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1952
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Excerpts from the report: This publication is about one of the most important things in your life—soil. Yes, ordinary soil like that in a park or garden. A glance around you will remind you of your dependence on soil. You don't have to be reminded of food, especially if it is near mealtime. But food is only one of the many necessities that come from the soil. If you are in school or in an office, you will see furniture and books made from wood that once grew from the soil. You'll see clothing of cotton or wool or plastic or leather, all of which came from the soil. Most of your house, even if it is finished in brick or stone, and important parts of your automobile, came from the soil.
LANTENNA: Exfiltrating Data from Air-Gapped Networks via Ethernet Cables
Creators: name: Guri, Mordechai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Air-gapped networks are wired with Ethernet cables since wireless connections are strictly prohibited. In this paper we present LANTENNA - a new type of electromagnetic attack allowing adversaries to leak sensitive data from isolated, air-gapped networks. Malicious code in air-gapped computers gathers sensitive data and then encodes it over radio waves emanating from the Ethernet cables, using them as antennas. A nearby receiving device can intercept the signals wirelessly, decode the data, and send it to the attacker. We discuss the exfiltration techniques, examine the covert channel characteristics, and provide implementation details. Notably, the malicious code can run in an ordinary user-mode process and successfully operate from within a virtual machine. We evaluate the covert channel in different scenarios and present a set of countermeasures. Our experiments show that with the LANTENNA attack, data can be exfiltrated from air-gapped computers to a distance of several meters away.
description: Modified version accepted to 2021 IEEE 45th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC), 2021
DeepMCAT: Large-Scale Deep Clustering for Medical Image Categorization
Creators: name: Kart, Turkay
name: Bai, Wenjia
name: Glocker, Ben
name: Rueckert, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, the research landscape of machine learning in medical imaging has changed drastically from supervised to semi-, weakly- or unsupervised methods. This is mainly due to the fact that ground-truth labels are time-consuming and expensive to obtain manually. Generating labels from patient metadata might be feasible but it suffers from user-originated errors which introduce biases. In this work, we propose an unsupervised approach for automatically clustering and categorizing large-scale medical image datasets, with a focus on cardiac MR images, and without using any labels. We investigated the end-to-end training using both class-balanced and imbalanced large-scale datasets. Our method was able to create clusters with high purity and achieved over 0.99 cluster purity on these datasets. The results demonstrate the potential of the proposed method for categorizing unstructured large medical databases, such as organizing clinical PACS systems in hospitals.
description: Accepted for the DALI workshop at MICCAI 2021 (full oral)
First passage time law for some jump-diffusion processes : existence of a density
Creators: name: Coutin, Laure
name: Dorobantu, Diana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let (Xt, t >= 0) be a diffusion process with jumps, sum of a Brownian motion with drift and a compound Poisson process. We consider T_x the first hitting time of a fixed level x > 0 by (Xt, t >= 0). We prove that the law of T_x has a density (defective when E(X1) < 0) with respect to the Lebesgue measure.
title: Correlación entre los hallazgos de TC de perfusión y RM en el ictus isquémico agudo
Creators: name: Cigarrán Sexto, Helena
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Vascular
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Acceptance testing
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction

description: Objetivos
Material y método
Resultados
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivos:
Revisar los hallazgos característicos en TC sin contraste,
TC de perfusión,
angio-TC y RM de difusión del ictus isquémico agudo. Analizar la correlación entre los halazgos del TC de Perfusión y la RM Difusión. Presentar casos diagnosticados y...
Vortex Loop Operators, M2-branes and Holography
Creators: name: Drukker, Nadav
name: Gomis, Jaume
name: Young, Donovan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct vortex loop operators in the three-dimensional N = 6 supersymmetric Chern-Simons theory recently constructed by Aharony, Bergman, Jafferis and Maldacena. These disorder loop operators are specified by a vortex-like singularity for the scalar and gauge fields along a one dimensional curve in spacetime. We identify the 1/2, 1/3 and 1/6 BPS loop operators in the Chern-Simons theory with excitations of M-theory corresponding to M2-branes ending along a curve on the boundary of AdS_4 x S^7/Z_k. The vortex loop operators can also be given a purely geometric description in terms of regular "bubbling" solutions of eleven dimensional supergravity which are asymptotically AdS_4 x S^7/Z_k.
description: 62 pages; v2 references added; v3 resolved remaining issue regarding odd k, version to appear in JHEP; v4 correction to VEV calculation in sec. 3
Knowledge identification phase of natural language analysis
Creators: name: Browse, Roger Alexander
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Case organization of verbs has provided a powerful mechanism for natural language analysis systems. However, only simple semantic-marker-like information has been used to determine the acceptibility of lexical elements as case-role fillers. Actually, this ability is influenced by more intricate relations among words. In addition, a case-based view of semantic knowledge often leads to the separate specification of each shade of meaning of a verb. These two problems are addressed in this thesis. A case-like organization of semantic knowledge which includes a network of relations among lexical elements is presented. Any piece of information contained in the system may be used as a case-frame specification, or it could be used as information which determines case-role fulfillment. Rules for the use of this information have been designed to permit a single case-frame to recognize many shades of meaning of a verb, even to the point of accepting metaphoric language use, The network of relations is hierarchically organized, and knowledge is retained at many levels of generalization. Along with the existence of case-organization in the network, these multiple levels provide some control over the traversal of the network. A small implementation is provided to demonstrate the use of a variety of strategies for fitting case-frames to input. The model is intended as a bottom-up component for the identification of those pieces of information which may be relevant to a given input.
Instanton Floer homology and the Alexander polynomial
Creators: name: Kronheimer, P. B.
name: Mrowka, T. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R58, 57M25

description: The instanton Floer homology of a knot in the three-sphere is a vector space with a canonical mod 2 grading. It carries a distinguished endomorphism of even degree,arising from the 2-dimensional homology class represented by a Seifert surface. The Floer homology decomposes as a direct sum of the generalized eigenspaces of this endomorphism. We show that the Euler characteristics of these generalized eigenspaces are the coefficients of the Alexander polynomial of the knot. Among other applications, we deduce that instanton homology detects fibered knots.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures. Revised version, correcting errors concerning mod 2 gradings in the skein sequence
Halo concentration strengthens dark matter constraints in galaxy-galaxy strong lensing analyses
Creators: name: Amorisco, Nicola C.
name: Nightingale, James
name: He, Qiuhan
name: Amvrosiadis, Aristeidis
name: Cao, Xiaoyue
name: Cole, Shaun
name: Etherington, Amy
name: Frenk, Carlos S.
name: Li, Ran
name: Massey, Richard
name: Robertson, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A defining prediction of the cold dark matter (CDM) cosmological model is the existence of a very large population of low-mass haloes. This population is absent in models in which the dark matter particle is warm (WDM). These alternatives can, in principle, be distinguished observationally because halos along the line-of-sight can perturb galaxy-galaxy strong gravitational lenses. Furthermore, the WDM particle mass could be deduced because the cut-off in their halo mass function depends on the mass of the particle. We systematically explore the detectability of low-mass haloes in WDM models by simulating and fitting mock lensed images. Contrary to previous studies, we find that halos are harder to detect when they are either behind or in front of the lens. Furthermore, we find that the perturbing effect of haloes increases with their concentration: detectable haloes are systematically high-concentration haloes, and accounting for the scatter in the mass-concentration relation boosts the expected number of detections by as much as an order of magnitude. Haloes have lower concentration for lower particle masses and this further suppresses the number of detectable haloes beyond the reduction arising from the lower halo abundances alone. Taking these effects into account can make lensing constraints on the value of the mass function cut-off at least an order of magnitude more stringent than previously appreciated.
description: MNRAS submitted. Comments welcome
Unbiased Experiments in Congested Networks
Creators: name: Spang, Bruce
name: Hannan, Veronica
name: Kunamalla, Shravya
name: Huang, Te-Yuan
name: McKeown, Nick
name: Johari, Ramesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: When developing a new networking algorithm, it is established practice to run a randomized experiment, or A/B test, to evaluate its performance. In an A/B test, traffic is randomly allocated between a treatment group, which uses the new algorithm, and a control group, which uses the existing algorithm. However, because networks are congested, both treatment and control traffic compete against each other for resources in a way that biases the outcome of these tests. This bias can have a surprisingly large effect; for example, in lab A/B tests with two widely used congestion control algorithms, the treatment appeared to deliver 150% higher throughput when used by a few flows, and 75% lower throughput when used by most flows-despite the fact that the two algorithms have identical throughput when used by all traffic. Beyond the lab, we show that A/B tests can also be biased at scale. In an experiment run in cooperation with Netflix, estimates from A/B tests mistake the direction of change of some metrics, miss changes in other metrics, and overestimate the size of effects. We propose alternative experiment designs, previously used in online platforms, to more accurately evaluate new algorithms and allow experimenters to better understand the impact of congestion on their tests.
description: 16 pages, to appear in ACM Internet Measurement Conference (IMC '21)
Quantifying zigzag motion of quarks
Creators: name: Antonov, D.
name: Ribeiro, J. E. F. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quark condensate is calculated in terms of the effective string tension and the constituent quark mass. For 3 colors and 2 light flavors, the constituent mass is bounded from below by the value of 460 MeV. This value is only accessible when the string tension decreases linearly with the Schwinger proper time. For this reason, the Hausdorff dimension of a light-quark trajectory is equal to 4, indicating that these trajectories are similar to branched polymers, which can describe a weak first-order deconfinement phase transition in SU(3) Yang-Mills theory. Using this indication, we develop a gluon-chain model based on such trajectories.
description: 27 pages, 5 figures
In vitro and in silico antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. of North-Western Himalaya
Creators: name: Salaria, Deeksha
name: Rolta, Rajan
name: Sharma, Nitin
name: Patel, Chirag N.
name: Ghosh, Arabinda
name: Dev, Kamal
name: Sourirajan, Anuradha
name: Kumar, Vikas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf is an aromatic perennial herb of Gramineae (Poaceae) family and is known for its application in food and healthcare industry. The present study aimed to evaluate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of C. citratus essential oil (CEO) through in vitro and in silico studies. Chemical characterization of CEO was done using Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) method. In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, while egg albumin denaturation method was used to evaluate in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of CEO. Molecular docking investigation of major phytocompounds of CEO was done using Autodock vina software against human peroxiredoxin 5 (PDB ID: 1HD2) and human cyclooxygenase 2 (PDB ID: 5IKQ) proteins, which were further analyzed through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using YASARA. GC-MS analysis of CEO showed the presence of geranial (48%) neral (34.04%), β-myrcene (9.77%), geraniol (1.88%), linalool (0.84%), isogeranial (0.81%), β-caryophyllene (0.80%), D-limonene (0.51%) as major constituents. CEO showed significant antioxidant activity with DPPH (IC50-47.53 ± 2.16 µg/ml), FRAP (IC50-30.7 ± 0.31 µM), and ABTS assays (IC50-27.87 ± 0.09 µg/ml). CEO also exhibited significant in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity with IC50-29.71 ± 1.95 µg/ml as compared to that of Diclofenac sodium (IC50-36.52 ± 1.95 µg/ml). Molecular docking revealed that β-caryophyllene showed considerable binding potential with human peroxiredoxin 5 receptor (-6.0 kcal/mol) and human cyclooxygenase 2 receptor (-10.1 kcal/mol). Further, MD simulations demonstrated considerable and stable interactions of β-caryophyllene with 1HD2 and 5IKQ proteins up to 100 ns. Drug-likeness and ADME/T features also showed that β-caryophyllene can be used as a potential candidate to replace the synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs with side effects and also act as natural antioxidants. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Emergence of Theory of Mind Collaboration in Multiagent Systems
Creators: name: Yuan, Luyao
name: Fu, Zipeng
name: Zhou, Linqi
name: Yang, Kexin
name: Zhu, Song-Chun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Currently, in the study of multiagent systems, the intentions of agents are usually ignored. Nonetheless, as pointed out by Theory of Mind (ToM), people regularly reason about other's mental states, including beliefs, goals, and intentions, to obtain performance advantage in competition, cooperation or coalition. However, due to its intrinsic recursion and intractable modeling of distribution over belief, integrating ToM in multiagent planning and decision making is still a challenge. In this paper, we incorporate ToM in multiagent partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) and propose an adaptive training algorithm to develop effective collaboration between agents with ToM. We evaluate our algorithms with two games, where our algorithm surpasses all previous decentralized execution algorithms without modeling ToM.
Single step synthesis of Sr4V2O6Fe2As2: The blocking layer based potential future superconductor
Creators: name: Pal, Anand
name: Vajpayee, Arpita
name: Meena, R. S.
name: Kishan, H.
name: Awana, V. P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report synthesis, structural details and transport measurements on Sr4V2O6Fe2As2. Namely the stoichiometric amounts of V2O5 + SrO2 + Sr + 2FeAs are weighed mixed, ground thoroughly and palletized in rectangular form in a glove box in high purity Ar atmosphere. The pellet is further sealed in an evacuated (10-5 Torr) quartz tube and put for heat treatments at 750 and 1150 0C in a single step for 12 and 36 hours respectively. Finally the quartz ampoule is allowed to cool naturally to room temperature. The as synthesized sample is black in color. The compound crystallized in P4/nmm space group with lattice parameters a = b = 3.925A and c = 15.870A. Also seen are some small impurity lines. The compound did not exhibit superconductivity but instead a spin density wave (SDW) like metallic step at around 175 K is seen in R(T) measurements
description: 10 pages of text + Figs: comments welcome (awana@mail.nplindia.ernet.in)
Working Memory Connections for LSTM
Creators: name: Landi, Federico
name: Baraldi, Lorenzo
name: Cornia, Marcella
name: Cucchiara, Rita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recurrent Neural Networks with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) make use of gating mechanisms to mitigate exploding and vanishing gradients when learning long-term dependencies. For this reason, LSTMs and other gated RNNs are widely adopted, being the standard de facto for many sequence modeling tasks. Although the memory cell inside the LSTM contains essential information, it is not allowed to influence the gating mechanism directly. In this work, we improve the gate potential by including information coming from the internal cell state. The proposed modification, named Working Memory Connection, consists in adding a learnable nonlinear projection of the cell content into the network gates. This modification can fit into the classical LSTM gates without any assumption on the underlying task, being particularly effective when dealing with longer sequences. Previous research effort in this direction, which goes back to the early 2000s, could not bring a consistent improvement over vanilla LSTM. As part of this paper, we identify a key issue tied to previous connections that heavily limits their effectiveness, hence preventing a successful integration of the knowledge coming from the internal cell state. We show through extensive experimental evaluation that Working Memory Connections constantly improve the performance of LSTMs on a variety of tasks. Numerical results suggest that the cell state contains useful information that is worth including in the gate structure.
description: Accepted for publication in Neural Networks
Learning Strong Graph Neural Networks with Weak Information
Creators: name: Liu, Yixin
name: Ding, Kaize
name: Wang, Jianling
name: Lee, Vincent
name: Liu, Huan
name: Pan, Shirui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have exhibited impressive performance in many graph learning tasks. Nevertheless, the performance of GNNs can deteriorate when the input graph data suffer from weak information, i.e., incomplete structure, incomplete features, and insufficient labels. Most prior studies, which attempt to learn from the graph data with a specific type of weak information, are far from effective in dealing with the scenario where diverse data deficiencies exist and mutually affect each other. To fill the gap, in this paper, we aim to develop an effective and principled approach to the problem of graph learning with weak information (GLWI). Based on the findings from our empirical analysis, we derive two design focal points for solving the problem of GLWI, i.e., enabling long-range propagation in GNNs and allowing information propagation to those stray nodes isolated from the largest connected component. Accordingly, we propose D$^2$PT, a dual-channel GNN framework that performs long-range information propagation not only on the input graph with incomplete structure, but also on a global graph that encodes global semantic similarities. We further develop a prototype contrastive alignment algorithm that aligns the class-level prototypes learned from two channels, such that the two different information propagation processes can mutually benefit from each other and the finally learned model can well handle the GLWI problem. Extensive experiments on eight real-world benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed methods in various GLWI scenarios.
description: Accepted by KDD 2023. 13 pages, 7 figures, 9 tables
Using image hierarchies to interpret LANDSAT data
Creators: name: Catanzariti, Ezio
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Most automatic LANDSAT image interpretation systems have used traditional Pattern Recognition techniques. Usually each pixel is classified into one of a number of categories by examining its spectral signature, without regard to its spatial context. A survey of such techniques and of computational vision techniques from Artificial Intelligence leads to the design of a new system that allows the spatial structure of the image to control the interpretation. This classifier uses a pyramidal, hierarchical structure of images. A number of experiments with the implementation on LANDSAT images of forest cover show that one can achieve improvements over a conventional classifier in both accuracy (number of pixels correctly interpreted) and readability (number of regions in the interpreted image) without sacrificing efficiency.
Analysis of the memory B cell response against glycoconjugate vaccines
Creators: name: Faenzi, Elisa <1981>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: BIO/11 Biologia molecolare

description: The development of vaccines directed against polysaccharide capsules of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and N. meningitidis have been of great importance in preventing potentially fatal infections. Bacterial capsular polysaccharides are T-cell-independent antigens that induce specific antibody response characterized by IgM immunoglobulins, with a very low IgG class switched response and lack of capability of inducing a booster response. The inability of pure polysaccharides to induce sustained immune responses has required the development of vaccines containing polysaccharides conjugated to a carrier protein, with the aim to generate T cell help. It is clear that the immunogenicity of glycoconjugate vaccines can vary depending on different factors, e.g. chemical nature of the linked polysaccharide, carrier protein, age of the target population, adjuvant used. The present study analyzes the memory B cell (MBC) response to the polysaccharide and to the carrier protein following vaccination with a glycoconjugate vaccine for the prevention of Group B streptococcus (GBS) infection. Not much is known about the role of adjuvants in the development of immunological memory raised against GBS polysaccharides, as well as about the influence of having a pre-existing immunity against the carrier protein on the B cell response raised against the polysaccharide component of the vaccine. We demonstrate in the mouse model that adjuvants can increase the antibody and memory B cell response to the carrier protein and to the conjugated polysaccharide. We also demonstrate that a pre-existing immunity to the carrier protein favors the development of the antibody and memory B cell response to subsequent vaccinations with a glycoconjugate, even in absence of adjuvants. These data provide a useful insight for a better understanding of the mechanism of action of this class of vaccines and for designing the best vaccine that could result in a productive and long lasting memory response.
Homology operations on homology of quandles
Creators: name: Niebrzydowski, Maciej
name: Przytycki, Jozef H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55N35 (primary), 18G60, 57M25 (secondary)

description: We consider various homological operations on homology of quandles. We introduce the notion of quandle partial derivatives, and extreme chains on which appropriate partial derivatives vanish. Extreme chains yield homological operations. We also consider the degree one homology operations created using elements of the quandle satisfying the so-called $k$-condition.
description: 26 pages, 1 figure