cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Performance of Social Network Sensors During Hurricane Sandy
Creators: name: Kryvasheyeu, Yury
name: Chen, Haohui
name: Moro, Esteban
name: Van Hentenryck, Pascal
name: Cebrian, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Information flow during catastrophic events is a critical aspect of disaster management. Modern communication platforms, in particular online social networks, provide an opportunity to study such flow, and a mean to derive early-warning sensors, improving emergency preparedness and response. Performance of the social networks sensor method, based on topological and behavioural properties derived from the "friendship paradox", is studied here for over 50 million Twitter messages posted before, during, and after Hurricane Sandy. We find that differences in user's network centrality effectively translate into moderate awareness advantage (up to 26 hours); and that geo-location of users within or outside of the hurricane-affected area plays significant role in determining the scale of such advantage. Emotional response appears to be universal regardless of the position in the network topology, and displays characteristic, easily detectable patterns, opening a possibility of implementing a simple "sentiment sensing" technique to detect and locate disasters.
Generalized Landauer Bound as Universal Thermodynamic Entropy in Continuous Phase Transitions
Creators: name: Diamantini, M. C.
name: Trugenberger, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The classic Landauer bound can be lowered when erasure errors are permitted. Here we point out that continuous phase transitions characterized by an order parameter can also be viewed as information erasure by resetting a certain number of bits to a standard value. The information-theoretic expression for the generalized Landauer bound in terms of error probability implies thus a universal form for the thermodynamic entropy in the partially ordered phase. We explicitly show that the thermodynamic entropy as a function of interaction parameters and temperature is identical to the information-theoretic expression in terms of error probability alone in the specific example of the Hopfield neural network model of associative memory, a distributed information-processing system of many interacting stochastic bits. In this framework the Landauer bound sets a lower limit for the work associated with "remembering" rather than "forgetting"
description: 5 pages, no figures
New total transmission modes of the Kerr geometry with Schwarzschild limit frequencies at complex infinity
Creators: name: Cook, Gregory B.
name: Lu, Suhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In addition to the well-known quasinormal modes, the gravitational modes of the Kerr geometry also include sets of total-transmission modes. Each mode can be considered as an element of a sequence of modes parameterized by the angular momentum of the black hole. One family of gravitational total-transmission modes of Kerr have been known for some time. Modes in this family connect to a Schwarzschild limit where the mode frequency is finite and purely imaginary. Recently, what was thought to be an additional branch of this original family of modes was discovered. However, this new branch is actually a part of one of two entirely new families of total-transmission modes. Modes in these new families, surprisingly, connect to a Schwarzschild limit where the mode frequencies exist at complex infinity. We have numerically constructed full sets of sequences of gravitational total-transmission modes for harmonic indices $\ell=[2,8]$. Using these numerical sequences, we have been able to construct analytic asymptotic expansions for the mode frequencies and their associated separation constants. The asymptotic expansion for the separation constant used in constructing the total-transmission modes seems to be valid for general complex values of the oblateness parameter.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables, correcting references and various typos
Statistical Majorana Bound State Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Ziesen, Alexander
name: Altland, Alexander
name: Egger, Reinhold
name: Hassler, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tunnel spectroscopy data for the detection of Majorana bound states (MBS) is often criticized for its proneness to misinterpretation of genuine MBS with low-lying Andreev bound states. Here, we suggest a protocol removing this ambiguity by extending single shot measurements to sequences performed at varying system parameters. We demonstrate how such sampling, which we argue requires only moderate effort for current experimental platforms, resolves the statistics of Andreev side lobes, thus providing compelling evidence for the presence or absence of a Majorana center peak.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Revisiting Empirical Solar Energetic Particle Scaling Relations I. Solar flares
Creators: name: Papaioannou, Athanasios
name: Herbst, Konstantin
name: Ramm, Tobias
name: Cliver, Edward W.
name: Lario, David
name: Veronig, Astrid M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims The possible influence of solar superflares on the near-Earth space radiation environment are assessed through the investigation of scaling laws between the peak proton flux and fluence of Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events with the solar flare soft X-ray peak photon flux. Methods We compiled a catalog of 65 well-connected (W20-90) SEP events during the last three solar cycles covering a period of $\sim$34 years (1984-2020) that were associated with flares of class $\geq$C6.0 and investigated the statistical relations between the recorded peak proton fluxes ($I_{P}$) and the fluences ($F_{P}$) at a set of integral energies from E $>$10; $>$30; $>$60; to $>$100 MeV versus the associated solar flare peak soft X-ray flux in the 1$-$8 A band ($F_{SXR}$). Based on the inferred relations, we calculate the integrated energy dependence of the peak proton flux ($I_{P}$) and fluence ($F_{P}$) of the SEP events, assuming that they follow an inverse power-law with respect to energy. Finally, we make use of simple physical assumptions, combining our derived scaling laws, and estimate the upper limits for $I_{P}$ and $F_{P}$ focusing on the flare associated with the strongest GLE yet directly observed (GLE 05 on 23 February 1956), and that inferred for the cosmogenic radionuclide based SEP event of AD774/775. Results A scaling law relating $I_{P}$ and $F_{P}$ to the solar soft X-ray peak intensity ($F_{SXR}$) as $\propto$~$F_{SXR}^{5/6}$ for a flare with a $F_{SXR}$ = X600 (in the revised scale) is consistent with values of $F_{P}$ inferred for the cosmogenic nuclide event of AD774/775.
Self-energy-modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations: WKB approximation and finite-difference approaches
Creators: name: Xu, Zhenli
name: Ma, Manman
name: Liu, Pei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) model to investigate charge transport in electrolytes of inhomogeneous dielectric environment. The model includes the ionic polarization due to the dielectric inhomogeneity and the ion-ion correlation. This is achieved by the self energy of test ions through solving a generalized Debye-Hückel (DH) equation. We develop numerical methods for the system composed of the PNP and DH equations. Particularly, towards the numerical challenge of solving the high-dimensional DH equation, we developed an analytical WKB approximation and a numerical approach based on the selective inversion of sparse matrices. The model and numerical methods are validated by simulating the charge diffusion in electrolytes between two electrodes, for which effects of dielectrics and correlation are investigated by comparing the results with the prediction by the classical PNP theory. We find that, at the length scale of the interface separation comparable to the Bjerrum length, the results of the modified equations are significantly different from the classical PNP predictions mostly due to the dielectric effect. It is also shown that when the ion self energy is in weak or mediate strength, the WKB approximation presents a high accuracy, compared to precise finite-difference results.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, version to be published in PRE
Energy transfer from perovskite nanocrystals to dye molecules does not occur by FRET
Creators: name: Hofmann, Felix J.
name: Bodnarchuk, Maryna
name: Dirin, Dimitry
name: Vogelsang, Jan
name: Kovalenko, Maksym
name: Lupton, John M.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Perovskites, FAPbBr3 nanocrystals, single-molecule spectroscopy, nonresonant energy transfer
subject: 530 Physik

description: Single formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) perovskite nanocubes, approximately 10 nm in size, have extinction cross sections orders of magnitude larger than single dye molecules and can therefore be used to photoexcite one single dye molecule within their immediate vicinity by means of excitation-energy transfer (EET). The rate of photon emission by the single dye molecule is increased by 2 orders of magnitude under excitation by EET compared to direct excitation at the same laser fluence. Because the dye cannot accommodate biexcitons, NC biexcitons are filtered out by EET, giving rise to up to an order-of-magnitude improvement in the fidelity of photon antibunching. We demonstrate here that, contrary to expectation, energy transfer from the nanocrystal to dye molecules does not depend on the spectral line widths of the donor and acceptor and is therefore not governed by Förster’s theory of resonance energy transfer (FRET). Two different cyanine dye acceptors with substantially different spectral overlaps with the nanocrystal donor show a similar light-harvesting capability. Cooling the sample from room temperature to 5 K reduces the average transition line widths 25-fold but has no apparent effect on the number of molecules emitting, i.e., on the spatial density of single dye molecules being photoexcited by single nanocrystals. Narrow zero-phonon lines are identified for both donor and acceptor, with an energetic separation of over 40 times the line width, implying a complete absence of spectral overlap—even though EET is evident. Both donor and acceptor exhibit spectral fluctuations, but no correlation is apparent between the jitter, which controls spectral overlap, and the overall light harvesting. We conclude that the energy transfer process is fundamentally nonresonant, implying effective energy dissipation in the perovskite donor because of strong electron–phonon coupling of the carriers comprising the exciton. The work highlights the importance of performing cryogenic spectroscopy to reveal the underlying mechanisms of energy transfer in complex donor–acceptor systems.
Polymer coatings tune electromagnetically induced transparency in two-dimensional semiconductors
Creators: name: Lin, Kai-Qiang
name: Martin, Robert
name: Bange, Sebastian
name: Lupton, John M.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: two-dimensional semiconductors, second-harmonic generation, electromagnetically induced transparency, solvatochromism, dielectric disorder, transparent polymers
subject: 530 Physik

description: Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) arises because of quantum interference between electronic transitions. While the phenomenon is a “gold standard” in atomic quantum optics, it is hard to probe in bulk condensed matter and difficult to control in quantum-confined systems—prerequisites for exploitation in devices. EIT arises in excitonic transitions of single-layer transition-metal dichalcogenide crystals, which, in effect, constitute giant two-dimensional exfoliated molecules. We exploit the characteristic sensitivity of molecules to their immediate dielectric environment to demonstrate how chemical tuning of the exciton resonance over 5% of the exciton energy allows unprecedented control over quantum interference. EIT is probed in second-harmonic generation (SHG) of monolayer WSe2, where it gives rise to resonant suppression of SHG in response to the immediate surrounding. This solid-state solvatochromic effect arises primarily from changes in electronic band gap and exciton binding energy of monolayer WSe2. Surprisingly, the EIT resonance shifts linearly with exciton energy in response to the dielectric nonlocal manipulation. The approach demonstrates that concepts from atomic quantum optics can be ported directly to condensed-phase materials, stimulating synthetic challenges to develop materials to tune quantum-coherent phenomena.
Quantum Theory and Human Perception of the Macro-World
Creators: name: Aerts, Diederik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the question of 'why customary macroscopic entities appear to us humans as they do, i.e. as bounded entities occupying space and persisting through time', starting from our knowledge of quantum theory, how it affects the behavior of such customary macroscopic entities, and how it influences our perception of them. For this purpose, we approach the question from three perspectives. Firstly, we look at the situation from the standard quantum angle, more specifically the de Broglie wavelength analysis of the behavior of macroscopic entities, indicate how a problem with spin and identity arises, and illustrate how both play a fundamental role in well-established experimental quantum-macroscopical phenomena, such as Bose-Einstein condensates. Secondly, we analyze how the question is influenced by our result in axiomatic quantum theory, which proves that standard quantum theory is structurally incapable of describing separated entities. Thirdly, we put forward our new 'conceptual quantum interpretation', including a highly detailed reformulation of the question to confront the new insights and views that arise with the foregoing analysis. At the end of the final section, a nuanced answer is given that can be summarized as follows. The specific and very classical perception of human seeing -- light as a geometric theory -- and human touching -- only ruled by Pauli's exclusion principle -- plays a role in our perception of macroscopic entities as ontologically stable entities in space. To ascertain quantum behavior in such macroscopic entities, we will need measuring apparatuses capable of its detection. Future experimental research will have to show if sharp quantum effects -- as they occur in smaller entities -- appear to be ontological aspects of customary macroscopic entities.
description: 28 pages
GECAM Localization of High Energy Transients and the Systematic Error
Creators: name: Zhao, Yi
name: Xue, Wang-Chen
name: Xiong, Shao-Lin
name: Wang, Yuan-Hao
name: Liu, Jia-Cong
name: Liuo, Qi
name: Zhang, Yan-Qiu
name: Sun, Jian-Chao
name: Zhao, Xiao-Yun
name: Cai, Ce
name: Xiao, Shuo
name: Huang, Yue
name: Li, Xiao-Bo
name: Zhang, Zhen
name: Liao, Jin-Yuan
name: Yang, Sheng
name: Qiao, Rui
name: Guo, Dong-Ya
name: Zheng, Chao
name: Yi, Qi-Bin
name: Xie, Sheng-Lun
name: Guo, Zhi-Wei
name: Li, Chao-Yang
name: Wang, Chen-Wei
name: Tan, Wen-Jun
name: Wang, Yue
name: Peng, Wen-Xi
name: Zheng, Shi-Jie
name: He, Jian-Jian
name: Wang, Ping
name: Wang, Jin
name: Ma, Xiang
name: Song, Xin-Ying
name: Zhang, Hong-Mei
name: Li, Bing
name: Zhang, Peng
name: Wu, Hong
name: Du, Yan-Qi
name: Liang, Jing
name: Zhao, Guo-Ying
name: Li, Xin-Qiao
name: Wen, Xiang-Yang
name: An, Zheng-Hua
name: Sun, Xi-Lei
name: Xu, Yan-Bing
name: Zhang, Fan
name: Zhang, Da-Li
name: Gong, Ke
name: Liu, Ya-Qing
name: Liang, Xiao-Hua
name: Liu, Xiao-Jing
name: Gao, Min
name: Wang, Jin-Zhou
name: Song, Li-Ming
name: Chen, Gang
name: Zhang, Ke-Ke
name: Han, Xing-Bo
name: Wu, Hai-Yan
name: Hu, Tai
name: Geng, Hao
name: Lu, Fang-Jun
name: Zhang, Shu
name: Zhang, Shuang-Nan
name: Lu, Gao-Peng
name: Zeng, Ming
name: Yu, Heng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) is a pair of microsatellites (i.e. GECAM-A and GECAM-B) dedicated to monitoring gamma-ray transients including gravitational waves high-energy electromagnetic counterparts, Gamma-ray Bursts, Soft Gamma-ray Repeaters, Solar Flares and Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes. Since launch in December 2020, GECAM-B has detected hundreds of astronomical and terrestrial events. For these bursts, localization is the key for burst identification and classification as well as follow-up observations in multi-wavelength. Here, we propose a Bayesian localization method with Poisson data with Gaussian background profile likelihood to localize GECAM bursts based on the burst counts distribution in detectors with different orientations. We demonstrate that this method can work well for all kinds of bursts, especially for extremely short ones. In addition, we propose a new method to estimate the systematic error of localization based on a confidence level test, which can overcome some problems of the existing method in literature. We validate this method by Monte Carlo simulations, and then apply it to a burst sample with accurate location and find that the mean value of the systematic error of GECAM-B localization is $\sim 2.5^{\circ}$. By considering this systematic error, we can obtain a reliable localization probability map for GECAM bursts. Our methods can be applied to other gamma-ray monitors.
description: The paper has been accepted by Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Proximity Effects in Bilayer Graphene on Monolayer WSe2: Field-Effect Spin Valley Locking, Spin-Orbit Valve, and Spin Transistor
Creators: name: Gmitra, Martin
name: Fabian, Jaroslav
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Spin-orbit coupling, bilayer graphene, spintronics
subject: 530 Physik

description: Proximity orbital and spin-orbit effects of bilayer graphene on monolayer WSe2 are investigated from first principles. We find that the built-in electric field induces an orbital band gap of about 10 meV in bilayer graphene. Remarkably, the proximity spin-orbit splitting for holes is 2 orders of magnitude—the spin-orbit splitting of the valence band at K is about 2 meV—more than for electrons. Effectively, holes experience spin valley locking due to the strong proximity of the lower graphene layer to WSe2. However, applying an external transverse electric field of some 1 V/nm, countering the built-in field of the heterostructure, completely reverses this effect and allows, instead of holes, electrons to be spin valley locked with 2 meV spin-orbit splitting. Such a behavior constitutes a highly efficient field-effect spin-orbit valve, making bilayer graphene on WSe2 a potential platform for a field-effect spin transistor.
Sensitivity of strong lensing observations to dark matter substructure: a case study with Euclid
Creators: name: O'Riordan, Conor M.
name: Despali, Giulia
name: Vegetti, Simona
name: Lovell, Mark R.
name: Moliné, Ángeles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a machine learning method for estimating the sensitivity of strong lens observations to dark matter subhaloes in the lens. Our training data include elliptical power-law lenses, Hubble Deep Field sources, external shear, and noise and PSF for the Euclid VIS instrument. We set the concentration of the subhaloes using a $v_\mathrm{max}$-$r_\mathrm{max}$ relation. We then estimate the dark matter subhalo sensitivity in $16{,}000$ simulated strong lens observations with depth and resolution resembling Euclid VIS images. We find that, with a $3σ$ detection threshold, $2.35$ per cent of pixels inside twice the Einstein radius are sensitive to subhaloes with a mass $M_\mathrm{max}\leq 10^{10}M_\odot$, $0.03$ per cent are sensitive to $M_\mathrm{max}\leq 10^{9}M_\odot$, and, the limit of sensitivity is found to be $M_\mathrm{max}=10^{8.8\pm0.2}M_\odot$. Using our sensitivity maps and assuming CDM, we estimate that Euclid-like lenses will yield $1.43^{+0.14}_{-0.11}[f_\mathrm{sub}^{-1}]$ detectable subhaloes per lens in the entire sample, but this increases to $35.6^{+0.9}_{-0.9}[f_\mathrm{sub}^{-1}]$ per lens in the most sensitive lenses. Estimates are given in units of the inverse of the substructure mass fraction $f_\mathrm{sub}^{-1}$. Assuming $f_\mathrm{sub}=0.01$, one in every $70$ lenses in general should yield a detection, or one in every $\sim$ three lenses in the most sensitive sample. From $170,000$ new strong lenses detected by Euclid, we expect $\sim 2500$ new subhalo detections. We find that the expected number of detectable subhaloes in warm dark matter models only changes relative to cold dark matter for models which have already been ruled out, i.e., those with half-mode masses $M_\mathrm{hm}>10^8M_\odot$.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Eddy covariance measurements in the riparian forest restoration area of the Morava river in Austria a method to assess the contribution to climate mitigation
Creators: name: Lindenberger, Anna
name: von der Thannen, Magdalena
name: Rauch, Hans Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: RESTORATION OF WETLANDS TO MINIMISE EMISSIONS AND MAXIMISE CARBON UPTAKE A STRATEGY FOR LONG TERM CLIMATE MITIGATION
In Open lab 2 (Austria) monitoring activities will be conducted to quantify if the restored site acts as a possible carbon sink. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements are an important component of the project.
The mid-infrared molecular inventory towards Orion IRc2
Creators: name: Nickerson, Sarah
name: Rangwala, Naseem
name: Colgan, Sean W. J.
name: DeWitt, Curtis
name: Monzon, Jose S.
name: Huang, Xinchuan
name: Acharyya, Kinsuk
name: Drozdovskaya, Maria N.
name: Fortenberry, Ryan C.
name: Herbst, Eric
name: Lee, Timothy J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first high spectral resolution mid-infrared survey in the Orion BN/KL region, covering 7.2 to 28.3 micron. With SOFIA/EXES we target the enigmatic source Orion IRc2. While this is in the most prolifically studied massive star-forming region, longer wavelengths and molecular emission lines dominated previous spectral surveys. The mid-infrared observations in this work access different components and molecular species in unprecedented detail. We unambiguously identify two new kinematic components, both chemically rich with multiple molecular absorption lines. The "blue clump" has vLSR = -7.1 \pm 0.7 km/s and the "red clump" 1.4 \pm 0.5 km/s. While the blue and red clumps have similar temperatures and line widths, molecular species in the blue clump have higher column densities. They are both likely linked to pure rotational H2 emission also covered by this survey. This work provides evidence for the scenario that the blue and red clumps are distinct components unrelated to the classic components in the Orion BN/KL region. Comparison to spectroscopic surveys towards other infrared targets in the region show that the blue clump is clearly extended. We analyze, compare, and present in depth findings on the physical conditions of C2H2, 13CCH2, CH4, CS, H2O, HCN, H13CN, HNC, NH3, and SO2 absorption lines and an H2 emission line associated with the blue and red clumps. We also provide limited analysis of H2O and SiO molecular emission lines towards Orion IRc2 and the atomic forbidden transitions [FeII], [SI], [SIII], and [NeII].
description: Accepted to ApJ; 44 pages, 14 figures, 13 tables
Rotating strings confronting PDG mesons
Creators: name: Sonnenschein, Jacob
name: Weissman, Dorin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the model of mesons as rotating strings with massive endpoints and confront it with meson spectra. We look at Regge trajectories both in the (J,M2) and (n,M2) planes, where J and n are the angular momentum and radial excitation number respectively. We start from states comprised of u and d quarks alone, move on to trajectories involving s and c quarks, and finally analyze the trajectories of the heaviest observed b-bbar mesons. The endpoint masses provide the needed transition between the linear Regge trajectories of the light mesons to the deviations from linear behavior encountered for the heavier mesons, all in the confines of the same simple model. From our fits we extract the values of the quark endpoint masses, the Regge slope (string tension) and quantum intercept. The model also allows for a universal fit where with a single value of the Regge slope we fit all the (J,M2) trajectories involving u, d, s, and c quarks. We include a list of predictions for higher mesons in both J and n.
description: v2: typos fixed and reference added, 47 pages / v3: added section in appendix detailing the states used in the fits, 51 pages
The XQR-30 Metal Absorber Catalog: 778 Absorption Systems Spanning 2 < z < 6.5
Creators: name: Davies, Rebecca L.
name: Ryan-Weber, Emma
name: D'Odorico, Valentina
name: Bosman, Sarah E. I.
name: Meyer, Romain A.
name: Becker, George D.
name: Cupani, Guido
name: Bischetti, Manuela
name: Sebastian, Alma M.
name: Eilers, Anna-Christina
name: Farina, Emanuele Paola
name: Wang, Feige
name: Yang, Jinyi
name: Zhu, Yongda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intervening metal absorption lines in the spectra of z > 6 quasars are fundamental probes of the ionization state and chemical composition of circumgalactic and intergalactic gas near the end of the reionization epoch. Large absorber samples are required to robustly measure typical absorber properties and to refine models of the synthesis, transport, and ionization of metals in the early Universe. The "Ultimate XSHOOTER legacy survey of quasars at z~5.8-6.6" (XQR-30) has obtained high signal-to-noise spectra of 30 luminous quasars, nearly quadrupling the existing sample of 12 high quality z~6 quasar spectra. We use this unprecedented sample to construct a catalog of 778 systems showing absorption in one or more of MgII (360 systems), FeII (184), CII (46), CIV (479), SiIV (127), and NV (13) which span 2 < z < 6.5. This catalog significantly expands on existing samples of z > 5 absorbers, especially for CIV and SiIV which are important probes of the ionizing photon background at high redshift. The sample is 50% (90%) complete for rest-frame equivalent widths W > 0.03AA (0.09AA). We publicly release the absorber catalog along with completeness statistics and a Python script to compute the absorption search path for different ions and redshift ranges. This dataset is a key legacy resource for studies of enriched gas from the era of galaxy assembly to cosmic noon, and paves the way for even higher redshift studies with the James Webb Space Telescope and 30m-class telescopes.
description: 29 pages and 14 figures including 2 appendices. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. The metal absorber catalogue can be downloaded from https://github.com/XQR-30/Metal-catalogue. Contents unchanged from v1 apart from change to author list
Generalized dilatation operator method for non-relativistic holography
Creators: name: Chemissany, Wissam
name: Papadimitriou, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general algorithm for constructing the holographic dictionary for Lifshitz and hyperscaling violating Lifshitz backgrounds for any value of the dynamical exponent $z$ and any value of the hyperscaling violation parameter $θ$ compatible with the null energy condition. The objective of the algorithm is the construction of the general asymptotic solution of the radial Hamilton-Jacobi equation subject to the desired boundary conditions, from which the full dictionary can be subsequently derived. Contrary to the relativistic case, we find that a fully covariant construction of the asymptotic solution for running non-relativistic theories necessitates an expansion in the eigenfunctions of two commuting operators instead of one. This provides a covariant but non-relativistic grading of the expansion, according to the number of time derivatives.
description: 6 pages; v2 references added, discussion of the algorithm and the holographic dictionary improved
The Construction Architecture Design Measures in the Quality Design Strategy of the Single-Story Teaching Building
Creators: name: Noor, Laraib
name: Usman, Muhammad
name: Ahmad, Waqas
name: Sharif, Muhammad Sharjeel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The construction architecture design projects will not only affect the university's education and teaching environment, but also affect the safety of teachers and students in university. At present, in the implementation of infrastructure projects in some schools, there are still many factors affecting the construction architecture design engineering projects, and even some violations of laws and regulations, which expose the shortcomings of the construction supervision mechanism. That is why question arises how to ensure the construction architecture of the teaching building projects and improve the architecture design level of engineering projects is particularly important. This study mainly combines the construction examples of the single-story teaching building project, which first illustrates the relevant theoretical knowledge of project design and project quality design, and finds the main theoretical basis for the research of this topic. Secondly, the overview of the single-story teaching building project is discussed, mainly involving the knowledge of project construction background, project site construction conditions, engineering construction plan and other aspects. Thirdly, it is mainly analyzed, summarized and discussed in combination with the main problems in the project quality design of the single-story teaching building project, mainly involving the quality problems of the construction site and the quality of construction supervision. Finally, the main design measures and experience adopted in the project construction has been proposed learned for the quality design strategy of the single-story teaching building.
Inklusive Schulentwicklung organisieren. Anstöße für den Prozess der inklusiven Schulentwicklung
Creators: name: Tan, A.
name: Gebhardt, Markus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: Die Entwicklung hin zu inklusiven Schulen funktioniert über die Veränderung der einzelnen Schule. Der Artikel stellt zunächst die Anforderungen für eine solche inklusive Schulentwicklung dar. Diese sind eng verbunden mit der Analyse von institutionellen Barrieren, der Priorisierung von Teamarbeit sowie der Entwicklung gemeinsamer Werte innerhalb der Schule. Anschließend werden anhand konkreter Schritte mögliche Entwicklungen in verschiedenen Stadien der Schulentwicklung aufgezeigt. Insbesondere die aktive Partizipation und kommunikationsfördernde Organisationsstrukturen stehen im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags. Insgesamt ist festzuhalten, dass bereits kleine Schritte eine langfristige und umgreifende Entwicklung anstoßen können.
Fossil Groups Origins III. The relation between optical and X-ray luminosities
Creators: name: Girardi, M.
name: Aguerri, J. A. L.
name: De Grandi, S.
name: D'Onghia, E.
name: Barrena, R.
name: Boschin, W.
name: Mendez-Abreu, J.
name: Sanchez-Janssen, R.
name: Zarattini, S.
name: Biviano, A.
name: Castro-Rodriguez, N.
name: Corsini, E. M.
name: del Burgo, C.
name: Iglesias-Paramo, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study is part of the FOssil Groups Origin (FOGO) project which aims at carrying out a systematic and multiwavelength study of a large sample of fossil systems. Here we focus on the relation between the optical luminosity (Lopt) and X-ray luminosity (Lx). Out of a sample of 28 candidate fossil systems, we consider a sample of 12 systems whose fossil classification has been confirmed by a companion study. They are compared with the complementary sample of 16 systems whose fossil nature is not confirmed and with a subsample of 102 galaxy systems from the RASS-SDSS galaxy cluster survey. Fossil and normal systems span the same redshift range 0
description: A&A, 12 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, typos corr. and paper re-number
Role of quarks in hadroproduction in high energy collisions
Creators: name: Bylinkin, A. A.
name: Rostovtsev, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Qualitative model for hadroproduction in high energy collisions considering two components ("thermal" and "hard") to hadroproduction is proposed. Inclusive pseudorapidity distributions, $dσ/dη$, and transverse momentum spectra, $d^2σ/(dηdp_T^2)$, measured by different collaborations are considered in terms of this model. The shapes of the pseudorapidity distributions agree with that one can expect from the qualitative picture introduced. Finally, the differences between charged particle spectra produced in inclusive and diffractive events are discussed and the absence of the "thermal" component in the latter is observed.
description: More data on diffractive events has been considered, two plots added, new conclusions are made
Hepatitis A Outbreak in the General Population due to a MSM-Associated HAV Genotype Linked to a Food Handler, November 2017–February 2018, Germany
Creators: name: Marosevic, Durdica
name: Belting, Anne
name: Schönberger, Katharina
name: Carl, Anja
name: Wenzel, Jürgen J.
name: Brey, Roland
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Hepatitis A virus, Foodborne outbreak, MSM-cluster genotype
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Hepatitis A (HAV) is a viral infection causing a range of symptoms, sudden onset of fever, malaise, diarrhea, and jaundice. It is mostly transmitted fecal-oral through contaminated food, with immediate household and sexual contacts having a higher risk of infection. Since 2016 an increased number of HAV infections, mostly affecting men who have sex with men (MSM) have been noticed worldwide, with three main genotypes circulating. We report here on the first spillover outbreak of the MSM-associated HAV genotype RIVM-HAV16-090 in the German general population in November 2017-February 2018. In total, twelve cases could be attributed to the outbreak with the index case and a coworker in a butchers shop being the most probable source of the outbreak. The identical HAV genotype was detected in two environmental samples in the premises of the butchers shop and in nine cases. Outbreak control measures included detailed contact tracing and stool examinations, several environmental investigations, thorough cleaning, and disinfection of the premises of the butchers shop. Post-exposure vaccination was recommended to all unprotected contacts during the investigation. Furthermore, although hand-washing facilities were in accordance with the required law, additional installment of soap and disinfectant dispensers and contactless faucets has been recommended.
First report of Puccinia lagenophorae Cooke on Senecio spp. in Colombia
Creators: name: Álvarez-Morales, Laura C.
name: Morales-Osorio, Juan G.
name: Salazar-Yepes, Mauricio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Senecio madagascariensis and S. vulgaris plants were observed to be parasitized by a rust disease in the Cundinamarca department of Colombia in April 2019. The identification of the fungus growing on the hosts was conducted by morphological characterization of the spores on the host tissues, and molecular sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The fungal pathogen was identified as Puccinia lagenophorae. This is the first record of P. lagenophorae causing disease in Colombia, and the first report of this rust fungus parasitizing S. madagascariensis and S. vulgaris in South America.
Shape resonances in photoionization cross sections and time delay
Creators: name: Kheifets, Anatoli S.
name: Catsamas, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shape resonances in photoionization of atoms and molecules arise from a particular geometry of the ionic potential which traps the receding photoelectron in a quasi-bound state in a particular partial wave. This mechanism allows us to connect the photoionization cross section in the resonant region with the photoelectron scattering phase in this partial wave by a simple formula $σ\propto \sin^2δ_\ell$. Due to this relation, the phase $δ_\ell$ can be extracted from an experimentally known cross section and then converted to the photoelectron group delay (Wigner time delay) $τ_{\rm W} = \partial δ_\ell/\partial E$ which is measurable by recently developed laser interferometric techniques. Such a direct connection of the photoionization cross section and the time delay is a fundamental property of shape resonances which provides a comprehensive test of novel measurements against a large body of older synchrotron data.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Generalised CP and Trimaximal TM$_1$ Lepton Mixing in $S_4$ Family Symmetry
Creators: name: Li, Cai-Chang
name: Ding, Gui-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct two flavor models based on $S_4$ family symmetry and generalised CP symmetry. In both models, the $S_4$ family symmetry is broken down to the $Z^{SU}_2$ subgroup in the neutrino sector, as a consequence, the trimaximal $\text{TM}_1$ lepton mixing is produced. Depending on the free parameters in the flavon potential, the Dirac CP is predicted to be either conserved or maximally broken, and the Majorana CP phases are trivial. The two models differ in the neutrino sector. The flavon fields are involved in the Dirac mass terms at leading order in the first model, and the neutrino mass matrix contains three real parameters such that the absolute neutrino masses are fixed. Nevertheless, the flavon fields enter into the Majorana mass terms at leading order in the second model. The leading order lepton mixing is of the tri-bimaximal form which is broken down to $\text{TM}_1$ by the next to leading order contributions.
description: 28 pages
Advanced diagnostic approaches developed for the global menace of rice diseases: a review
Creators: name: Azizi, Mohammad Malek Faizal
name: Lau, Han Yih
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: For centuries, rice has been the one of the most important crops worldwide; over 3.5 billion of the population relies on rice as one of the most essential staple foods. However, rice diseases are responsible for enormous global economic losses due to the damage they cause to rice crops. Major rice diseases such as bacterial leaf blight (BLB), rice blast, sheath blight (SB), bacterial panicle blight (BPB), and the rice tungro disease can contribute to a great reduction in rice yield annually. Therefore, the availability of sensitive and accurate diagnostic tools in plant disease detection is necessary to facilitate effective management practices. Traditional methods are not the best to deploy in plant disease detection, as they can be time-consuming and unreliable. Hence, the development of serological, molecular, image processing, and biosensor techniques provide important tools for accurate disease diagnosis and precise identification of plant pathogens. This review summarizes BLB, rice blast, SB, BPB, and rice tungro disease, and discusses valuable diagnostic approaches by outlining the advantages and disadvantages of each tool based on previous studies.
New molecular markers for distinguishing the main phylogenetic lineages within Alternaria section Alternaria
Creators: name: Dettman, Jeremy R.
name: Eggertson, Quinn
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Several members of Alternaria section Alternaria are economically important plant-pathogenic fungi that cause disease on a wide range of host types and plant tissues. The production of Alternaria-derived mycotoxins can lead to significant post-harvest losses due to contamination of agricultural products. Multiple Alternaria species are listed as regulated organisms, which are monitored by international plant protection programs. These taxa often share high levels of both morphological and phylogenetic similarity, and the establishment of molecular markers that are able to distinguish among them unambiguously has proven to be quite challenging. Previously, we examined fine-scale genome-wide phylogenetic patterns and proposed a list of candidate genes for development into informative markers that are diagnostic for the main section Alternaria lineages. Here, we design primer sets and sequence three new markers (ASA-05, ASA-10, ASA-19) in order to evaluate their diagnostic performance. Sequence data for 49 new independent test taxa were combined with existing data for 38 taxa, and phylogenetic analyses revealed that, in general, the new molecular markers consistently classified section Alternaria strains into one of the main lineages. A discrepancy among the three markers for lineage assignment was observed only for one strain. We also sequenced a commonly used marker in molecular phylogenetics of fungi (rpb2, RNA polymerase II second largest subunit) and found it was outperformed by all three of the new markers. We suggest that an ASA marker presented here could form the basis of a convenient one-locus test for rapid and routine diagnostic screening of unknown section Alternaria strains.
Prevalence of active hepatitis E virus infection and efficacy of ribavirin treatment in renal allograft recipients
Creators: name: Friebus‐Kardash, Justa
name: Eisenberger, Ute
name: Ackermann, Jessica
name: Kribben, Andreas
name: Witzke, Oliver
name: Wenzel, Jürgen J.
name: Rohn, Hana
name: Fiedler, Melanie
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: hepatitis E virus infection, patients on dialysis, renal transplantation, ribavirin monotherapy
subject: 610 Medizin

description: BACKGROUND: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 infection frequently progresses to chronic disease with persisting HEV viremia in immunocompromised patients. Here, we evaluated the prevalence of HEV infection in renal allograft recipients and investigated the efficacy and tolerability of ribavirin monotherapy. METHODS: A total of 947 recipients on average 8.7 years post transplant were screened for anti-HEV IgG, IgM and HEV-RNA. Sixteen HEV-viremic renal allograft recipients were treated with ribavirin for 12 weeks. HEV-RNA concentration, laboratory and clinical parameters were assessed at baseline, during therapy and 12 weeks after treatment cessation. HEV-genotyping was performed in all HEV-viremic patients. RESULTS: Past HEV infection was detected serologically in 18% of the renal allograft recipients. Ongoing HEV replication was found in 16 recipients (all genotype 3). Unanimously, distinct HEV sequences were revealed in all HEV-viremic patients. At the start of ribavirin treatment, median HEV-RNA viral load was 4.3 × 106 (8000-5.0 × 106 ) IU/mL. Ninety-four percentage of HEV-infected allograft recipients showed a sustained virological response 12 weeks after treatment cessation. Ribavirin treatment was associated with rapid decrease in liver enzymes and rare occurrence of anemia. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of active HEV infection is important in renal transplant patients without signs of nosocomial infection. Ribavirin treatment was safe and effective.
$D_1(2420)$ and its interactions with a kaon: open charm states with strangeness
Creators: name: Malabarba, Brenda B.
name: Khemchandani, K. P.
name: Torres, A. Martinez
name: Oset, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we present an attempt to describe the $X_1(2900)$ found by the LHCb collaboration, in the experimental data on the invariant mass spectrum of $ D^-K^+$, as a three-meson molecular state of the $Kρ\bar D$ system. We discuss that the interactions in all the subsystems are attractive in nature, with the $ρ\bar D$ interaction generating $\bar D_1(2420)$ and the $K ρ$ resonating as $K_1(1270)$. We find that the system can form a three-body state but with a mass higher than that of $X_1(2900)$. We investigate the $K ρD$ system too, finding that the three-body dynamics generates an isoscalar state, which can be related to $D_{s1}^*(2860)$, and an exotic isovector state. This latter state has a mass similar to that of the $X_0(2900)$ and $X_1(2900)$ states found by LHCb, but a very small width ($\sim 7.4 \pm 0.9$ MeV) and necessarily requires more than two quarks to describe its properties. We hope that our findings will encourage experimental investigations of the isovector $K ρD$ state. Finally, in the pursuit of finding a description for $X_1(2900)$, we study the $π\bar K^* D^*$ system where $ \bar K^*D^*$ forms $0^+$, $1^+$ and $2^+$ states. We do not find a state which can be associated with $X_1(2900)$.