cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Metal-insulator Transition by Holographic Charge Density Waves
Creators: name: Ling, Yi
name: Niu, Chao
name: Wu, Jianpin
name: Xian, Zhuoyu
name: Zhang, Hongbao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a gravity dual for charge density waves (CDW) in which the translational symmetry along one spatial direction is spontaneously broken. Our linear perturbation calculation on the gravity side produces the frequency dependence of the optical conductivity, which exhibits the two familiar features of charge density waves, namely the pinned collective mode and gapped single-particle excitation. These two features indicate that our gravity dual also provides a new mechanism to implement the metal to insulator phase transition by CDW, which is further supported by the fact that d.c. conductivity decreases with the decreased temperature below the critical temperature.
description: References added, version to appear in Physical Review Letters
Seasons, Spring 2003
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Hudson County Improvement Authority
Year: 2003

description: This is the Spring 2003 issue of Seasons, the newsletter of the Hudson County Improvement Authority (HCIA). This edition features articles about an Earth Day Fair in Liberty State Park, the new management team appointed by the HCIA, household hazardous waste collection, and crayon recycling.
The Tidal Exchange: Autumn 2004
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New York - New Jersey Harbor Estuary Program
Year: 2004

description: This is the newsletter from the New York - New Jersey Harbor Estuary Program. Topics covered in this issue include The Public Trust Doctrine, A Stewardship Database for the Harbor Estuary, The Return of Nature to Raritan Bay, Captain Pete's Travel Log, and a Species Profile of the Hard Clam.
Real-time and real-space spin- and energy dynamics in one-dimensional spin-1/2 systems induced by local quantum quenches at finite temperatures
Creators: name: Karrasch, C.
name: Moore, J. E.
name: Heidrich-Meisner, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spin- and energy dynamics in one-dimensional spin-1/2 systems induced by local quantum quenches at finite temperatures using a time-dependent density matrix renormalization group method. System sizes are chosen large enough to ensure that the time-dependent data for the accesible time scales represents the behavior in the thermodynamic limit. As a main result, we observe a ballistic spreading of perturbations of the energy density in the integrable spin-1/2 XXZ chain for all temperatures and exchange anisotropies, related to the divergent thermal conductivity in this model and the exact conservation of the energy current. In contrast, the spin dynamics is ballistic in the massless phase, but shows a diffusive behavior at high temperatures in the easy-axis phase in the case of a vanishing background spin density. We extract a quantitative estimate for the spin diffusion constant from the time dependence of the spatial variance of the spin density, which agrees well with values obtained from current-current correlation functions using an Einstein relation. As an example for non-integrable models, we consider two-leg ladders, for which we observe indications of diffusive energy and spin dynamics. The relevance of our results for recent experiments with quantum magnets and bosons in optical lattices is discussed.
Notice of Revised Rebates for Solar PV Applications in the Customer On-site Renewable Energy (CORE) Program, Effective February 1, 2006
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey's Clean Energy Program (NJCEP), New Jersey Board of Public Utilities (BPU), Office of Clean Energy
Year: 2005

description: This document lists revised guidelines concerning Customer On-site Renewable Energy (CORE) Program project completion deadlines and extension policies (updated December 27, 2005, with new policies effective immediately). The update includes Inspection Announcement regarding Federal Tax Incentive Customer On-site Renewable Energy Program; Correction to Customer On-Site Renewable Energy Program Policy Update Originally Distributed, November 7, 2005; Customer On-site Renewable Energy Program Rebate Level Update September 9, August 29, and July 1, 2005.
Holographic Thermalization, stability of AdS, and the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou paradox
Creators: name: Balasubramanian, Venkat
name: Buchel, Alex
name: Green, Stephen R.
name: Lehner, Luis
name: Liebling, Steven L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a real massless scalar field in general relativity with a negative cosmological constant, we uncover a large class of spherically symmetric initial conditions that are close to AdS, but whose numerical evolution does not result in black hole formation. According to the AdS/CFT dictionary, these bulk solutions are dual to states of a strongly interacting boundary CFT that fail to thermalize at late times. Furthermore, as these states are not stationary, they define dynamical CFT configurations that do not equilibrate. We develop a two-timescale perturbative formalism that captures both direct and inverse cascades of energy and agrees with our fully nonlinear evolutions in the appropriate regime. We also show that this formalism admits a large class of quasi-periodic solutions. Finally, we demonstrate a striking parallel between the dynamics of AdS and the classic Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou problem.
description: v2: Added Supplementary Material addressing approximations and code validation; several improvements to Letter. Letter: 5 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary Material: 3 pages, 4 figures
Creating and Steering Highly Directional Electron Beams in Graphene
Creators: name: Liu, Ming-Hao
name: Gorini, Cosimo
name: Richter, Klaus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: P-N-JUNCTIONS; BALLISTIC GRAPHENE; DIRAC FERMIONS; SUPERLATTICES; TRANSPORT; STATES;
subject: 530 Physik

description: We put forward a concept to create highly collimated, nondispersive electron beams in pseudorelativistic Dirac materials such as graphene or topological insulator surfaces. Combining negative refraction and Klein collimation at a parabolic pn junction, the proposed lens generates beams, as narrow as the focal length, that stay focused over scales of several microns and can be steered by a magnetic field without losing collimation. We demonstrate the lens capabilities by applying it to two paradigmatic settings of graphene electron optics: We propose a setup for observing high-resolution angle-dependent Klein tunneling, and, exploiting the intimate quantum-to-classical correspondence of these focused electron waves, we consider high-fidelity transverse magnetic focusing accompanied by simulations for current mapping through scanning gate microscopy. Our proposal opens up new perspectives for next-generation graphene electron optics experiments.
New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places, Essex County
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), Historic Preservation Office
Year: 2004

description: This document by the New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places lists properties and historic districts in Essex County, New Jersey for which a formal action was taken by the State Historic Preservation Officer or designee. The listings are current through the end of 2002, and itemize the buildings, structures, sites, objects, and districts listed on the New Jersey Register of Historic Places (SR) and the National Register of Historic Places (NR). They also include resources that have received Certifications of Eligibility (COE), opinions of eligibility from the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO Opinion), or Determinations of Eligibility (DOE) from the Keeper of the National Register.
1999 Geologic Map of New Jersey/The Geology of New Jersey
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), Division of Science, Research and Technology
Year: 1999

description: This is a less detailed, but more printer-friendly version of the 1999 geologic map of New Jersey. It also includes a summary describing the geology of the different regions of New Jersey. This map and summary explain different kinds of rock and sediment found in these regions, with an emphasis on the psysiographic provinces of New Jersey, and the prehistoric age in which the rocks were formed.
Near Perfect Matchings in $k$-uniform Hypergraphs
Creators: name: Han, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $H$ be a $k$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices where $n$ is a sufficiently large integer not divisible by $k$. We prove that if the minimum $(k-1)$-degree of $H$ is at least $\lfloor n/k \rfloor$, then $H$ contains a matching with $\lfloor n/k\rfloor$ edges. This confirms a conjecture of Rödl, Ruciński and Szemerédi, who proved that the minimum $(k-1)$-degree $n/k+O(\log n)$ suffices. More generally, we show that $H$ contains a matching of size $d$ if its minimum codegree is $d
description: 8 pages, 0 figure
Delaware River Basin Commission Annual Report 2001
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Delaware River Basin Commission
Year: 2002

description: The Delaware River Basin Compact, between the federal government and the four signatory states (Delaware, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania) ensures that water resource decisions are based on a majority vote among the five signatory parties. The instrument through which the Compact's terms are implemented is the Delaware River Basin Commission. The Commission addresses plans, projects, and policies dealing with water supply, pollution control, flood protection, conservation, watershed management, recreation, and, on a rare occasion, hydroelectric power. This 2001 annual report discusses changes in the Commission's membership, water regulations and monitoring of water quality in the Delaware River, a new water resources plan, public educational information, and a financial summary for the Commission.
Correspondence between Soft and Rapidity Anomalous Dimensions
Creators: name: Vladimirov, Alexey A.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: CROSS-SECTIONS; RESUMMATION; QCD; EVOLUTION; LOOP;
subject: 530 Physik

description: We establish a correspondence between ultraviolet singularities of soft factors for multiparticle production and rapidity singularities of soft factors for multiparton scattering. This correspondence is a consequence of the conformal mapping between scattering geometries. The correspondence is valid to all orders of perturbation theory and in this way, provides one with a proof of rapidity renormalization procedure for multiparton scattering [including the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization as a special case]. As a by-product, we obtain an exact relation between the rapidity anomalous dimension and the well-known soft anomalous dimension. The three-loop expressions for TMD and a general multiparton scattering rapidity anomalous dimension are derived.
Magnetic properties of spin waves in thin yttrium iron garnet films
Creators: name: Talalaevskij, A.
name: Decker, M.
name: Stigloher, J.
name: Mitra, A.
name: Körner, H. S.
name: Cespedes, O.
name: Back, C. H.
name: Hickey, B. J.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: YIG;
subject: 610 Medizin

description: We report spin wave propagation experiments in thin yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films. Using time-resolved scanning Kerr microscopy we extract the mode structure of the spin waves. For quasi-single-mode excitation, the spin wave decay can be fitted with a damped harmonic oscillator function providing us with information about the attenuation length. We measure values of about 2.7 and 3.6 mu m for the spin wave decay length of 38- and 49-nm-thick YIG samples, respectively. Micromagnetic simulations are performed to compare experimental and simulated modes. The data are in very good agreement with these simulations.
2002 New York New Jersey Highlands Regional Study Update (Draft)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: USDA Forest Service
Year: 2002

description: The update of the 1992 Highlands Regional Study was initiated to do the following: Assess the condition of forest resources in the region, analyze potential land use and land cover change, and develop conservation strategies to protect the long-term integrity of the region. This study was authorized because the area continues to experience significant land use and land cover changes that can affect the ability of the Highlands Region to provide the environmental and economic benefits that support a sustained quality of life.
title: Structural behaviour of lightweight concrete strengthened with engineered cementitious composites
Creators: name: Batran, Tayseer Zakaria Mahmoud Mohamed
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2022

description: This thesis evaluated the feasibility of using engineered cementitious composite (ECC), to strengthen lightweight concrete (LWC) against various mechanical loads. Three experimental studies have been conducted on both plain small-scale and reinforced large-scale concrete specimens to accomplish the research objective. The first and second studies investigated the use of ECC to strengthen either the tension or compression zone of large-scale reinforced LWC beams tested in flexure and shear. The third study focused on the use of ECC in strengthening small-scale unreinforced beams and cylindrical specimens tested under drop-weight impact loads. The results of the first and second studies indicated that using ECC developed with polyvinyl alcohol fibers or steel fibers (ECCP or ECCS, respectively) is an effective technique to improve the flexural and shear behaviour of LWC beams with no significant increase in their self-weight. In both studies, strengthening the compression zone yielded higher ductility and energy absorption capacity. Meanwhile, better cracking control was observed when the tension zone was strengthened, thus assuring a better durability for structural members. In flexure, the highest improvement in the load-carrying capacity was obtained when the LWC beams strengthened at the tension zone, whereas strengthening the compression zone was more effective in improving the shear capacity. The results of the third study indicated that either ECCP or ECCS could achieve a good bonding with LWC substrate. The use of ECC along with LWC also offers novel hybrid composites with low-density and improved impact resistance, thus providing promising composites for strengthening lightweight structures exposed to high impact loading.
The Basin Bulletin: Newsletter of the Raritan Basin Watershed Management Project, Issue #4, Spring 2002
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Water Supply Authority
Year: 2002

description: This newsletter keeps readers up to date primarily on the Raritan Basin Watershed Management Project, but also on other watershed projects from around the Raritan Basin. Articles in this issue include discussions on what to do about droughts, results from a survey on people's level of concern about local rivers and lakes, updates on the watershed management plan (one year into the planning process and what is next), and news of three selected subwatershed grants.
Clustering tomography: measuring cosmological distances through angular clustering in thin redshift shells
Creators: name: Salazar-Albornoz, Salvador
name: Sánchez, Ariel G.
name: Padilla, Nelson D.
name: Baugh, Carlton M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We test the cosmological implications of studying galaxy clustering using a tomographic approach, by computing the galaxy two-point angular correlation function $ω(θ)$ in thin redshift shells using a spectroscopic-redshift galaxy survey. The advantages of this procedure are that it is not necessary to assume a fiducial cosmology in order to convert measured angular positions and redshifts into distances, and that it gives several (less accurate) measurements of the angular diameter distance $D_\rm{A}(z)$ instead of only one (more precise) measurement of the effective average distance $D_\rm{V}(z)$, which results in better constraints on the expansion history of the Universe. We test our model for $ω(θ)$ and its covariance matrix against a set of mock galaxy catalogues and show that this technique is able to extract unbiased cosmological constraints. Also, assuming the best-fit $Λ$CDM cosmology from the cosmic microwave background measurements from the Planck satellite, we forecast the result of applying this tomographic approach to the final Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey catalogue in combination with Planck for three flat cosmological models, and compare them with the expected results of the isotropic baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements post-reconstruction on the same galaxy catalogue combined with Planck. While BAOs are more accurate for constraining cosmological parameters for the standard $Λ$CDM model, the tomographic technique gives better results when we allow the dark energy equation of state $w_{DE}$ to deviate from $-1$, resulting in a performance similar to BAOs in the case of a constant value of $w_{DE}$, and a moderate improvement in the case of a time-dependent value of $w_{DE}$, increasing the value of the Figure-of-Merit in the $w_0-w_a$ plane up to $15\%$.
description: 13 pages, 1 table, 10 figures. Accepted in MNRAS
Native Plants
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Partnership for the Delaware Estuary, Inc.
Year: 2002

description: As rain washes over the land, it carries nutrients and chemicals from lawns and other landscapes to storm drains and groundwater. This rainfall eventually drains into streams and rivers. Because plants native to the region require less fertilizer and pesticides, using them reduces the amount of these pollutants that eventually enter our waterways. Therefore, when we use locally native species on our landscapes we make a meaningful contribution to improving water quality in local watersheds and ultimately the Delaware Estuary. Native plant species also significantly improve wildlife habitat. Native wildlife has evolved with native plants. Birds, mammals and other wildlife depend on vegetation for food and shelter, including nesting and other types of breeding sites. Unmowed stretches of grass will not only provide valuable habitat, but also help to filter out pollutants in the stormwater. This pamphlet describes the importance of landscaping with native plants and informs users where they can purchase native plants and seeds.
QCD equation of state to O(μB6) from lattice QCD
Creators: name: Bazavov, A.
name: Ding, H.-T.
name: Hegde, P.
name: Kaczmarek, O.
name: Karsch, F.
name: Laermann, E.
name: Maezawa, Y.
name: Mukherjee, Swagato
name: Ohno, H.
name: Petreczky, P.
name: Sandmeyer, H.
name: Steinbrecher, P.
name: Schmidt, C.
name: Sharma, S.
name: Soeldner, W.
name: Wagner, M.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; FREEZE-OUT; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; PHASE-TRANSITION; MATTER; TEMPERATURE; DIAGRAM;
subject: 530 Physik

description: We calculated the QCD equation of state using Taylor expansions that include contributions from up to sixth order in the baryon strangeness and electric charge chemical potentials. Calculations have been performed with the Highly Improved Staggered Quark action in the temperature range T epsilon [135 MeV 330 MeV] using up to four different sets of lattice cutoffs corresponding to lattices of size N sigma 3x N tau with aspect ratio N sigma/N tau = 4 and N tau=6-16. The strange quark mass is tuned to its physical value and we use two strange to light quark mass ratios ms/ml = 20 and 27 which in the continuum limit correspond to a pion mass of about 160 and 140 MeV respectively. Sixth order results for Taylor expansion coefficients are used to estimate truncation errors of the fourth order expansion. We show that truncation errors are small for baryon chemical potentials less then twice the temperature (mu(B) <= 2T). The fourth order equation of state thus is suitable for the modeling of dense matter created in heavy ion collisions with center of mass energies down to root SNN similar to 12 GeV. We provide a parametrization of basic thermodynamic quantities that can be readily used in hydrodynamic simulation codes. The results on up to sixth order expansion coefficients of bulk thermodynamics are used for the calculation of lines of constant pressure energy and entropy densities in the T mu(B) plane and are compared with the crossover line for the QCD chiral transition as well as ith xperimental results on freeze out parameters in heavy ion collisions. These coefficients also provide estimates for the location of a possible critical point. We argue that results on sixth order expansion coefficients disfavor the existence of a critical point in the QCD phase diagram for B= T <= 2 and T/Tc(mu(B) = 0) > 0.9.
title: Tracing the Shadows of Gothic Bach: An Overview of J.S. Bach’s Keyboard Music in American Horror Films
Creators: name: Yang, Siyu
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2022

description: The Toccata and Fugue in D Minor, BWV 565, and the Goldberg Variations, BWV 988, have been by far the most prominent of J.S. Bach’s works to evoke evil and horror on screen. This “Horror Bach” association remains exclusively a subculture phenomenon in pop culture (almost universally outside of the classical music world). A historical overview of this cultural phenomenon suggests three factors that made these pieces become horror film music: 1) the popularity of the pieces, 2) the choice of instrumentation, and 3) popular cultural factors. This doctoral document also introduces this pop culture phenomenon of Bach to classical keyboardists, providing them with the information necessary to create “Horror-Bach” concert programs.
Quantum impurity in a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid: continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo approach
Creators: name: Hattori, K.
name: Rosch, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo (CTQMC) method for quantum impurities coupled to interacting quantum wires described by a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid. The method is negative-sign free for any values of the Tomonaga-Luttinger parameter, which is rigorously proved, and thus, efficient low-temperature calculations are possible. Duality between electrons and bosons in one dimensional systems allows us to construct a simple formula for the CTQMC algorithm in these systems. We show that the CTQMC for Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids can be implemented with only minor modifications of previous CTQMC codes developed for impurities coupled to non-interacting fermions. We apply this method to the Kane-Fisher model of a potential scatterer in a spin-less quantum wire and to a single spin coupled with the edge state of a two-dimensional topological insulator assuming an anisotropic XXZ coupling. Various dynamical response functions such as the electron Green's function and spin-spin correlation functions are calculated numerically and their scaling properties are discussed.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures
Dimensional Dependence of Critical Exponent of the Anderson Transition in the Orthogonal Universality Class
Creators: name: Ueoka, Yoshiki
name: Slevin, Keith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report improved numerical estimates of the critical exponent of the Anderson transition in Anderson's model of localization in $d=4$ and $d=5$ dimensions. We also report a new Borel-Padé analysis of existing $ε$ expansion results that incorporates the asymptotic behaviour for $d\to \infty$ and gives better agreement with available numerical results.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Journal of Physical Society of Japan ; revised in response to the referee's comments
Artificial Reef Management Plan for New Jersey
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), Division of Fish and Wildlife : Natural and Historic Resources : Marine Fisheries Council
Year: 2005

description: The State of New Jersey initiated a Reef Program in 1984. In 1987, the DEP's Division of Fish and Wildlife prepared and published an Artificial Reef Plan, which outlined the objectives of the Reef Program and provided guidelines for selecting reef sites and materials and building, monitoring and managing reefs. This comprehensive document is the current plan, which supercedes the original, and it will guide the DEP's Reef Program for the next 20 years to develop the greatest benefit possible to both the marine life and citizens of New Jersey. Thus, the Reef Management Plan was prepared to provide the public with a working knowledge of the DEP's Reef Program, including objectives, history, benefits, site selection, permitting, design, material selection and preparation, construction methods, potential risks, physical, biological and socio-economic monitoring, funding, public information, fisheries management and regulatory requirements.
A Dynamical Framework for KeV Dirac Neutrino Warm Dark Matter
Creators: name: Robinson, Dean J.
name: Tsai, Yuhsin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If the source of the reported $3.5$ keV x-ray line is a sterile neutrino, comprising an $\mathcal{O}(1)$ fraction of the dark matter (DM), then it exhibits the property that its mass times mixing angle is $\sim \mbox{few} \times 10^{-2}$ eV, a plausible mass scale for the active neutrinos. This property is a common feature of Dirac neutrino mixing. We present a framework that dynamically produces light active and keV sterile Dirac neutrinos, with appropriate mixing angles to be the x-ray line source. The central idea is that the right-handed active neutrino is a composite state, while elementary sterile neutrinos gain keV masses similarly to the quarks in extended Technicolor. The entire framework is fixed by just two dynamical scales and may automatically exhibit a warm dark matter (WDM) production mechanism -- dilution of thermal relics from late decays of a heavy composite neutrino -- such that the keV neutrinos may comprise an $\mathcal{O}(1)$ fraction of the DM. In this framework, the WDM is typically quite cool and within structure formation bounds, with temperature $\sim \mbox{few}\times 10^{-2}~T_ν$ and free-streaming length $\sim$ few kpc. A toy model that exhibits the central features of the framework is also presented.
description: 9 pages, fig 2 added, published version
Environmental Fate Investigation of Chromium Contamination (Spill Research Fund)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Delaware
Year: 1991

description: This document contains the report from the first year of a study of chromium leaching behavior from chromium contaminated soil (Cr-soil) in Hudson County, New Jersey. Chromium is the most commonly found toxic heavy metal contaminant in New Jersey soils, and poses a considerable environmental hazard. Remediation of contaminated sites is necessary to reduce the public health hazard, and therefore it is essential to understand the chemical and physical interaction of chromium with soils. This study examines Cr-soil samples from Liberty State Park, New Jersey. Results indicated that the amount of Cr(VI) leached increased with increasing Cr-soil concentration. pH played a significant role in Cr-leaching, possibly due to the presence of ferrous ion and organic matter in the soil, and factors such as temperature, mixing rate, and the soil-to-water ratio also affected the Cr-leaching rate.
Animal lives matter: death, sentience, and utilitarianism
Creators: name: López, Esther Fayna Fuentes
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: The killing of nonhuman animals is a controversial topic in utilitarian ethics. As an ethical theory mainly concerned with well-being, utilitarianism usually grants moral status to sentient animals, and thus, animal suffering is considered a moral problem. However, the painless killing of animals is frequently considered morally neutral. This position is therefore not based on the denial of the moral status of animals, but on beliefs about the value of animal life and death. My objective is to challenge these beliefs and argue that the killing of animals is, in fact, a serious moral issue. I contend that the loss of a positive balance of well-being is a sufficient condition for the badness of death, and as such, death can be a misfortune for sentient animals. I argue that this gives us a pro tanto reason to oppose the killing of animals. Moreover, I maintain that the loss suffered by the animal is a significant one, which implies that, although utilitarians accept interpersonal trades of utility, weighty reasons are needed to outweigh the frustration of this interest. I then address the two main problems for a utilitarian account of the wrongness of killing merely sentient beings, namely, the replaceability argument and the logic of the larder argument. I maintain that we have reasons to reject both of these arguments. Finally, I apply my position to the more relevant instances of killing animals in the real world, in particular the killing of farm animals, of wild animals, and of companion animals. While the killing of farm and wild animals are the most relevant ones in terms of numbers, my analysis of the killing of animal companions sheds light on complex questions about animal euthanasia and the value of animal life. I conclude that most of our killing of animals cannot be morally justified under a utilitarian approach, even in cases where the animals have lived lives worth living and die painlessly.
Reweighting complex Langevin trajectories
Creators: name: Bloch, Jacques
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: DENSITY;
subject: 530 Physik

description: Although the complex Langevin method can solve the sign problem in simulations of theories with complex actions, the method will yield the wrong results if known validity conditions are not satisfied. We present a novel method to compute observables for a target ensemble by reweighting complex trajectories generated with the complex Langevin method for an auxiliary ensemble having itself a complex action. While it is imperative that the validity conditions be satisfied for the auxiliary ensemble, there are no such requirements for the target ensemble. This allows us to enlarge the applicability range of the complex Langevin method. We illustrate this at the hand of a one-dimensional partition function and two-dimensional strong-coupling QCD.
title: The Effects of Protonated Nicotine on Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth (Shed)
Creators: name: Wittchow, Mark
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2022

description: "Background: The use of electronic cigarettes (ECs) and vaping products has been a significant concern in recent years, due to increased usage of these products amongst the general population as well as juveniles. With the innovation of nicotine salts in newer generations EC such as the JUUL, nicotine delivery has become easier and much higher. There is limited research on the effects of nicotine on oral health and specifically dental pulp stem cells (DPCS), the cells that provide protection and reparation to the teeth.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of protonated nicotine on apoptosis, necrosis, viability, and gene expression of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) over time.

Methods: Characterized SHEDs were used in this study. The cells were seeded in 12-well cell culture plates at a concentration of 3.5 x 104 cells/well. Negative (non-treated) control cells, positive apoptosis control cells (100 nM Staurosporine 2 hours before collection) and positive necrosis control cells (0.2% Tritonax 10 minutes before collection) were compared with cells treated with 15 ng/mL, 30 ng/mL, and 300 ng/mL nicotine in media. Triplicates were performed for each experiment for all SHEDs isolates. SHEDs were dosed daily with the appropriate concentrations of nicotine in media and collected after 3, 7, and 10 day intervals. After each time points, cells were evaluated for immunofluorescence for caspase-3; % of apoptotic, necrotic, and viable cells; and RNA isolation and RT-qPCR gene expression of BAX, BCL2, DMP-1, RUNX2, and ALP.

Results: Mean percentage for apoptosis, necrosis, and viability of SHEDs were not significantly affected at nicotine concentrations of 0 ng/mL, 15 ng/mL, 30 ng/mL and 300 ng/mL after 3, 7, and 10 days of exposure. This was further supported by the results of immunofluorescence experiments, which showed that different concentrations of nicotine over time appear to have little effect on the cleavage of caspase-3. Furthermore, trends in RT-PCR suggested that gene expression for Bcl-2 and BAX in nicotine treated cells were not affected by exposure to different concentrations of nicotine at any time point. Finally, RT-PCR also showed no effect in gene expression for dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP-1), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP).

Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that apoptosis, necrosis, viability, and gene expression of SHEDs were not significantly affected at nicotine concentration found in the blood after 3, 7, and 10 days. However, it is unclear how long-term exposure to nicotine might affect SHEDs and oral health. The results of this current study may suggest that short term use of EC and nicotine exposure does not affect SHEDs significantly. More research is needed to understand the effects and mechanism of nicotine on DPSCs."
Isotopic identification of engineered nitrogen-vacancy spin qubits in ultrapure diamond
Creators: name: Yamamoto, T.
name: Onoda, S.
name: Ohshima, T.
name: Teraji, T.
name: Watanabe, K.
name: Koizumi, S.
name: Umeda, T.
name: McGuinness, L. P.
name: Müller, C.
name: Naydenov, B.
name: Dolde, F.
name: Fedder, H.
name: Honert, J.
name: Markham, M. L.
name: Twitchen, D. J.
name: Wrachtrup, J.
name: Jelezko, F.
name: Isoya, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nitrogen impurities help to stabilize the negatively-charged-state of NV$^-$ in diamond, whereas magnetic fluctuations from nitrogen spins lead to decoherence of NV$^-$ qubits. It is not known what donor concentration optimizes these conflicting requirements. Here we used 10-MeV $^{15}$N$^{3+}$ ion implantation to create NV$^-$ in ultrapure diamond. Optically detected magnetic resonance of single centers revealed a high creation yield of $40\pm3$% from $^{15}$N$^{3+}$ ions and an additional yield of $56\pm3$% from $^{14}$N impurities. High-temperature anneal was used to reduce residual defects, and charge stable NV$^-$, even in a dilute $^{14}$N impurity concentration of 0.06 ppb were created with long coherence times.
2003 Fish IBI Summary Report, Volume 1
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP)
Year: 2005

description: This report comprises the results of the fourth year of Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) sampling in New Jersey. Currently, the Bureau of Freshwater and Biological Monitoring (BFBM), within the Water Monitoring and Standards program, monitors benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages (insects, worms, clams, etc.) at over 800 stream stations throughout New Jersey. To assess environmental conditions on a larger spatial and temporal scale, BFBM began to supplement benthic macroinvertebrate monitoring with an index of biotic integrity (IBI) during summer 2000. The data will help to measure water quality use attainment and the Department's success in attaining the Clean Water Act goal of "fishable" waters as elaborated in the NJ Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report. IBI data will also be used to develop biological criteria, prioritize sites for further studies, provide biological impact assessments, and assess status and trends of the state's freshwater fish assemblages. In 2003, the fourth year of sampling, 25 sites were sampled. Seven sites were rated 'excellent', eleven were 'good', six were 'fair' and one (Musconetcong River, FIBI061) was 'poor'.
Stability and convergence of difference schemes approximating a two-parameter nonlocal boundary value problem for time-fractional diffusion equation
Creators: name: Alikhanov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Difference schemes for the time-fractional diffusion equation with variable coefficients and nonlocal boundary conditions containing real parameters $α$ and $β$ are considered. By the method of energy inequalities, for the solution of the difference problem, we obtain a priori estimates, which imply the stability and convergence of these difference schemes.
description: 23 pages, 8 tables. This version generalizes the previos one
Secaucus Junction Area Vision Plan: Draft
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Transit, Town of Secuacus, New Jersey Meadowlands Commission, Ehrenkrantz Eckstut and Kuhn, Clarke Caton Hintz
Year: 2003

description: This draft document analyzes the development plans of the Secaucus Junction area. It covers issues of land use, open space, traffic and transportation planning.
2002 State of the Estuary Report - The Delaware Estuary: Join in its Rediscovery
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Partnership for the Delaware Estuary
Year: 2002

description: The Delaware Estuary is the portion of the Delaware River that mixes with salt water from the Atlantic Ocean and is affected by high and low tides. It is located in parts of New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware.  It is one of the busiest ecosystems in the country, being used for drinking water, industry, recreation and more.  This report by the Delaware Estuary Program (http://www.delep.org/) and the Partnership for the Delaware Estuary (http://www.greenworks.tv/delawareestuary/index.htm)  highlights current research on the estuary.  It covers topics such as the estuary's water quality and its effect on the human population; the status of the fish and wildlife population; rediscovering the estuary region watersheds and steps the public can take to help keep the Delaware Estuary clean and healthy.
A Guide to Land Cover and Land Use Information in the MAIA Region
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Technology Planning and Management Corporation
Year: 1999

description: The Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment (MAIA) is a research, monitoring, and assessment initiative created to develop high-quality scientific information on the condition of natural resources within the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Scientific activities conducted in the MAIA region focus on assessment issues that are of critical importance to resource managers and environmental decision-makers. The purpose of this guide is to provide researchers and scientists whose work encompasses the Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment (MAIA) region, a comprehensive guide to land cover and land use. In addition to being a guide to the federal, state, regional and university based organizations in the area, this document also provides information on standards to consider for data development, as well as quality assurance and quality control techniques that should be implemented.
Fano stability diagram of a symmetric triple quantum dot
Creators: name: Niklas, Michael
name: Trottmann, Andreas
name: Donarini, Andrea
name: Grifoni, Milena
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS; SHOT-NOISE; BLOCKADE;
subject: 530 Physik

description: The Fano factor stability diagram of a C-3v symmetric triangular quantum dot is analyzed for increasing electron fillings N. At low filling, conventional Poissonian and sub-Poissonian behavior is found. At larger filling, N >= 2, a breaking of the electron-hole symmetry is manifested in super-Poissonian noise with a peculiar bias voltage dependence of the Fano factor at Coulomb and interference blockade. An analysis of the Fano map unravels a nontrivial electron-bunching mechanism arising from the presence of degenerate many-body states combined with orbital interference and Coulomb interactions. An expression for the associated dark states is provided for generic N.
Environment.gov : Transforming Environmental Protection in the 21st Century
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: National Academy of Public Administration
Year: 2000

description: With this report, Environment.gov, the National Academy of Public Administration completes its 1993 charge from the Congress of the United States: to analyze trends and efforts in environmental protection, and to provide advice, strategies, and insights for the future. This report challenges national, regional, state, local, business, and community leaders to come together to address the remaining environmental challenges facing the country. Furthermore, it offers specific approaches those individuals and groups can undertake, both immediately and in the future. This report contains information on New Jersey's Facility-Wide Permitting Project, and state-EPA relations.
title: Communicating Pain Unseen: Addressing Health Outcomes in Sexual Activity for Women with Endometriosis
Creators: name: Wiese, Madison
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2022

description: Roughly 160 million women live with endometriosis, a chronic disease involving the uterine lining shedding on the outside of the uterus causing immense physical and emotional pain (Becker et al., 2020). One common symptom of endometriosis is dyspareunia, or painful sex (Ballard et al., 2008). This study aims to uncover how gender expectations from society impact women with endometriosis specifically in sexual encounters. Informed by the traditional sexual script theory and sexual script theory, the study examines how traditional gender norms might influence women’s prioritization of their own health needs as well as the physical, emotional, and relational health outcomes of such prioritization (Byers, 1996). To more closely explore these experiences, 90 posts from Reddit were coded and examined to identify the relationship between the script types (self, partner, or relationship) and the valence of physical, emotional, and relational health outcomes. Results indicate a significant prioritization of the self script. Additionally, the relationship among the prioritized script (self, partner, or relationship) and the positive and negative outcomes as related to physical, emotional, and relational health is nonsignificant. Nevertheless, the results highlight the physical, emotional, and relational barriers women face in their sexual health. Furthermore, additional analyses demonstrate a significant relationship among physical, emotional, and relational health variables as valence of health outcome shifts. Specifically, women’s physical and emotional health experiences are primarily negative in nature which ultimately highlights the important role communication plays in supporting women with endometriosis’ sexual health. Discussion, implications, and directions for future research follow.
The Jersey Sierran, Vol. 31 No. 2
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Chapter of The Sierra Club
Year: 2002

description: This is the quarterly newsletter of the New Jersey Chapter of The Sierra Club. This issue includes articles on the change in administration at the NJ Department of Environmental Protection, drought issues facing New Jersey, a state and national roundup of environmental issues pending before legislators, and much more.
Leptonic decay-constant ratio fK/fπ from lattice QCD using 2+1 clover-improved fermion flavors with 2-HEX smearing
Creators: name: Dürr, Stephan
name: Fodor, Zoltán
name: Hoelbling, Christian
name: Krieg, Stefan
name: Lellouch, Laurent
name: Lippert, Thomas
name: Rae, Thomas
name: Schäfer, Andreas
name: Scholz, Enno E.
name: Szabó, Kálmán K.
name: Varnhorst, Lukas
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: FINITE-VOLUME; COMPUTATION; MASSES; QUARK;
subject: 530 Physik

description: We present a calculation of the leptonic decay-constant ratio f(kappa)/f(pi) in 2+1 flavor QCD. Our data set includes five lattice spacings and pion masses reaching down below the physical one. Special emphasis is placed on a careful study of all systematic uncertainties, especially the continuum extrapolation. Our result is perfectly compatible with the first-row unitarity constraint of the Standard Model.
Diffuse Neutrino Intensity from the Inner Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei: Impacts of External Photon Fields and the Blazar Sequence
Creators: name: Murase, Kohta
name: Inoue, Yoshiyuki
name: Dermer, Charles D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study high-energy neutrino production in inner jets of radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN), taking into account effects of external photon fields and the blazar sequence. We show that the resulting diffuse neutrino intensity is dominated by quasar-hosted blazars, in particular, flat spectrum radio quasars, and that PeV-EeV neutrino production due to photohadronic interactions with broadline and dust radiation is unavoidable if the AGN inner jets are ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR) sources. Their neutrino spectrum has a cutoff feature around PeV energies since target photons are due to Ly$α$ emission. Because of infrared photons provided by the dust torus, neutrino spectra above PeV energies are too hard to be consistent with the IceCube data unless the proton spectral index is steeper than 2.5, or the maximum proton energy is $\lesssim100$ PeV. Thus, the simple model has difficulty in explaining the IceCube data. For the cumulative neutrino intensity from blazars to exceed $\sim{10}^{-8}~{\rm GeV}~{\rm cm}^{-2}~{\rm s}^{-1}~{\rm sr}^{-1}$, their local cosmic-ray energy generation rate would be $\sim10-100$ times larger than the local UHECR emissivity, but is comparable to the averaged gamma-ray blazar emissivity. Interestingly, future detectors such as the Askaryan Radio Array can detect $\sim0.1-1$ EeV neutrinos even in more conservative cases, allowing us to indirectly test the hypothesis that UHECRs are produced in the inner jets. We find that the diffuse neutrino intensity from radio-loud AGN is dominated by blazars with gamma-ray luminosity of $\gtrsim10^{48}~{\rm erg}~{\rm s}^{-1}$, and the arrival directions of their $\sim1-100$ PeV neutrinos correlate with the luminous blazars detected by Fermi.
description: 17 pages, 16 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in PRD, with extended descriptions. Results and conclusions unchanged