cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Habitat selection and consequences for American woodcock in urban landscapes
Creators: name: Farley, Kathleen Elizabeth
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: Animals within urban landscapes encounter novel and modified environments that come with the potential for increased risk of various forms including predation and disease. Post-industrial describes land that has been developed, then abandoned, allowing succession to resume albeit on a modified trajectory. Wildlife seek out these refuges particularly when the surrounding area may contain less hospitable options. However, ecological traps form when environmental conditions diminish or mask the quality of habitat. Ecological traps occur when individuals erroneously prefer lower quality habitat. The consequences for this selection occur at the population level through lower reproductive levels or greater mortality. Post-industrial habitats potentially create an ecological trap for early successional wildlife which here are evaluated through quantifying collective choices of courting male woodcock. I investigate whether post-industrial habitat is potentially quality habitat or trap habitat American Woodcock (Scolopax minor) that inhabit early successional habitat. My first chapter consists of a review exploring recent advances in ecological trap theory and makes recommendations for further improvements including specifically defining traps by the spring, or the mechanism, which creates the traps. For chapters two and three, I consider the framework of ecological traps as I compare woodcock selection of post-industrial habitat (Liberty State Park) during the courtship period (chapter 2) and the breeding season (chapter 3) to non-industrial sites on an urban to rural gradient across New Jersey. Collectively, chapters 2 and 3 document that woodcock use suburban and urban sites in New Jersey for migration, courtship and throughout the breeding period until fall migration Food availability across the natural suburban and altered urban site are comparable, and predation risk greater at the suburban site. Taken together, there is no immediate indication Liberty State Park is an ecological trap for woodcock, but further study in terms of the impact the park has on female and fledgling woodcock as well as long-term study about impacts of biomagnification from ingesting contaminated soils would provide necessary information to make a determination about traps.
Plasma model and Drude model permittivities in Lifshitz formula
Creators: name: Nesterenko, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At the physical level of rigour it is shown that there are no substantial theoretical arguments in favour of using either plasma mode permittivity or Drude model permittivity in the Lifshitz formula. The decision in this question rests with the comparison of theoretical calculations with the experiment. In the course of the study the derivation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem is proposed where it is displayed clear at which reasoning stage and in what way the dissipation is taken into account. In particular it is shown how this theorem works in the case of the system with reversible dynamics, that is when dissipation is absent. Thereby it is proved that explicit assertion according to which this theorem is inapplicable to systems without dissipation is erroneous. The research is based on making use of the rigorous formalism of equilibrium two-time Green functions in statistical physics at finite temperature.
description: 31 pages, 2 figures
title: Fashioning sensibility: emotions in Gianna Manzini’s fashion journalism
Creators: name: Santoro, Vanessa
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fashion, fashion journalism, women writers, Italy, fascism, Gianna Manzini.

description: The study is the first interdisciplinary investigation into fashion journalism under the fascist regime and in the post-war period (1922-1960), a crucial time for Italy and the worldwide consolidation of its fashion industry. Firmly grounded in the semiological method applied by Roland Barthes to fashion language, as well as in fashion and journalism studies, it breaks new ground by using the study of emotions as a tool to analyse fashion writing and give new insights into models of femininity and experiences of fashion, also providing entirely new understanding of Gianna Manzini, a key fashion journalist and novelist of twentieth century Italy.
Reconstructing social sensitivity from evolution of content volume in Twitter
Creators: name: Pinto, Sebastián
name: Trevisan, Marcos
name: Balenzuela, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We set up a simple mathematical model for the dynamics of public interest in terms of media coverage and social interactions. We test the model on a series of events related to violence in the US during 2020, using the volume of tweets and retweets as a proxy of public interest, and the volume of news as a proxy of media coverage. The model succesfully fits the data and allows inferring a measure of social sensibility that correlates with human mobility data. These findings suggest the basic ingredients and mechanisms that regulate social responses capable of ignite social mobilizations.
Significant others: gender, race, and English identity in early medieval English eroticism
Creators: name: Wade, Erik Ian
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2018

description: My research considers how early medieval authors used representations of sexuality to produce English understandings of race and nation. While medievalists have written a great deal about how sexual practices, particularly sex between men, were used to form individual sexual identities, scholars have paid far less attention to how English authors used such practices to catalogue and classify people into larger group identities, such as races or nations. I argue that both clerical and secular authors adopted sexual moralization for nationalist purposes, often pressing into service literary genres initially formed outside of England, such as elegy, penitential literature, theology, biography, and riddles. English authors martialed the “foreignness” of texts and genres from Irish, Welsh, Byzantine, Northern European, and Continental sources to license their own designations of sexual practices as markers of racial identity that indicated where one fell on the imagined hierarchy running from sinner to saved. Consequently, sexual practice became a shorthand for designating who deserved to be included in the English nation—a category commensurate with being saved—and who needed to be cast out. In a period where British, Welsh, Anglo-Saxon, and Danish forces staged competing claims to the British Isles, authors sorted out these claims by fabricating a race called “Anglo-Saxon” out of the various invading tribes of Angles, Saxons, and Jutes and then framing the Anglo-Saxon race as coterminous with the English nation. Using sexual practice as a marker of this race made the race divinely sanctioned and moral; race was an essential trait – yet one located in the condition of the soul rather than in the color of the body.
title: Электроснабжение электротехнического оборудования
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Липецкий государственный технический университет, Профобразование
Year: 2023

description: В учебном пособии изложены основные сведения о системах электроснабжения, касающиеся режимов работы нейтрали, заземляющих устройств, элементов электрических цепей и др. Рассмотрено основное электрооборудование электрических станций, включающее синхронные генераторы, силовые трансформаторы и автотрансформаторы, электрические аппараты. Подготовлено в соответствии с требованиями Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта среднего профессионального образования. Предназначено для изучения дисциплин «Электроснабжение», «Электроснабжение электротехнического оборудования по отраслям», «Электроснабжение электротехнического оборудования», «Электроснабжение отрасли» по укрупненной группе специальностей 13.00.00 «Электро- и теплоэнергетика».
Structures in the diffraction cone: the "break" and "dip" in high-energy proton-proton scattering
Creators: name: Jenkovszky, László
name: Szanyi, István
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anticipating forthcoming publication by the TOTEM collaboration of low-t elastic scattering data at \sqrt{s}=13 and 2.76 TeV, hereby we emphasize the correlation between two prominent structures seen upon the otherwise exponential diffraction cone, namely a "break" staying fixed around t=-0.1 GeV^2 and a dip moving with energy logarithmically inwards; while at the ISR the two structures are separated by a distance of about 1~GeV^2, at the LHC the dip comes close to the periphery of the "break", thus affecting its parametrization. An unbiased disentangling and identification of the break at the LHC should account for this correlation.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures, 1 table
Nanoscale superconducting memory based on the kinetic inductance of asymmetric nanowire loops
Creators: name: Murphy, Andrew
name: Averin, Dmitri
name: Bezryadin, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The demand for low-dissipation nanoscale memory devices is as strong as ever. As Moore's Law is staggering, and the demand for a low-power-consuming supercomputer is high, the goal of making information processing circuits out of superconductors is one of the central goals of modern technology and physics. So far, digital superconducting circuits could not demonstrate their immense potential. One important reason for this is that a dense superconducting memory technology is not yet available. Miniaturization of traditional superconducting quantum interference devices is difficult below a few micrometers because their operation relies on the geometric inductance of the superconducting loop. Magnetic memories do allow nanometer-scale miniaturization, but they are not purely superconducting (Baek et al 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 3888). Our approach is to make nanometer scale memory cells based on the kinetic inductance (and not geometric inductance) of superconducting nanowire loops, which have already shown many fascinating properties (Aprili 2006 Nat. Nanotechnol. 1 15; Hopkins et al 2005 Science 308 1762). This allows much smaller devices and naturally eliminates magnetic-field cross-talk. We demonstrate that the vorticity, i.e., the winding number of the order parameter, of a closed superconducting loop can be used for realizing a nanoscale nonvolatile memory device. We demonstrate how to alter the vorticity in a controlled fashion by applying calibrated current pulses. A reliable read-out of the memory is also demonstrated. We present arguments that such memory can be developed to operate without energy dissipation.
Pattern of confined chemical garden controlled by injection speed
Creators: name: Wagatsuma, Shu
name: Higashi, Takuro
name: Achiwa, Ayumi
name: Sumino, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pattern of confined chemical garden was controlled by the speed of injected fluid, and their mechanism is discussed. A confined chemical garden system was constructed where an aqueous solution of cobalt chloride was injected into a cell filled with sodium silicate solution. The reaction of these two solutions resulted in the formation of precipitation. The viscosities of the prepared aqueous solutions were set to be similar in order to rule out the possibility of Saffman-Taylor instability. The injection front showed three distinctive patterns: algaes, shells, and filaments, which were dependent on injection speed. The injection pressure and the spatio-temporal pattern of the injected fluid were measured, and a significant increase in the injection pressure was observed when the filament pattern appeared, which indicated the existence of thin lubrication layer between the precipitation and the substrate. The filament pattern was further analyzed quantitatively, and the number of active filaments was determined to be proportional to the injection speed. A mathematical model was constructed that considered both the viscous effect from the thin luburiation layer and the Laplace pressure. This model successfully reproduced the characteristic filament dynamics.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
The generalised q-Wronskian solutions of the q-deformed constrained modified KP hierarchy
Creators: name: Yi, Ge
name: Wang, Wei
name: Tian, Kelei
name: Xu, Ying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we give the form of the q-cmKP hierarchy generated by the gauge transformation operator $T_{n+k}$. We show a necessary and sufficient condition to reduce the generalised q-Wronskian solutions from the q-mKP hierarchy to generalised the q-Wronskian solutions of M-component q-cmKP hierarchy.
Approximate probabilistic cellular automata for the dynamics of single-species populations under discrete logisticlike growth with and without weak Allee effects
Creators: name: Mendonça, J. Ricardo G.
name: Gevorgyan, Yeva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate one-dimensional elementary probabilistic cellular automata (PCA) whose dynamics in first-order mean-field approximation yields discrete logisticlike growth models for a single-species unstructured population with nonoverlapping generations. Beginning with a general six-parameter model, we find constraints on the transition probabilities of the PCA that guarantee that the ensuing approximations make sense in terms of population dynamics and classify the valid combinations thereof. Several possible models display a negative cubic term that can be interpreted as a weak Allee factor. We also investigate the conditions under which a one-parameter PCA derived from the more general six-parameter model can generate valid population growth dynamics. Numerical simulations illustrate the behavior of some of the PCA found.
description: REVTeX 4.1, 10 pages, 5 figures, 64 references. Version (v3) corresponds, except for a few words and two references, to the published version
Quality Inspection Aspects of Hybrid Prototypes for the CMS Outer Tracker Upgrade at HL-LHC
Creators: name: La Rosa, A.
name: Ahmed, I.
name: Almeida, J.
name: Blanchot, G.
name: Cooperstein, S.
name: Dominguez, I.
name: Honma, A.
name: Kovacs, M.
name: Zografos, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the CMS experiment will need to operate at up to 200 interactions per 25 ns beam crossing time and with up to 4000 fb-1 of integrated luminosity. To achieve the physics goals the experiment needs to improve the tracking resolution and the ability to selectively trigger on specific physics events. The CMS tracker upgrade requires designing a new detector to cope with the HL-LHC conditions. The new Outer Tracker is based on two types of silicon modules (strip-strip and pixel-strip). Each module type has a few types of high-density interconnect hybrid circuits which house the front-end and auxiliary electronics. This paper introduces the technological choices for modules and hybrids and presents the quality inspection aspects of the first hybrid prototypes.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in the proceedings of TIPP 2021 to be published in Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Metastability and bifurcation in superconducting nanorings
Creators: name: Khlebnikov, Sergei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe an approach, based on direct numerical solution of the Usadel equation, to finding stationary points of the free energy of superconducting nanorings. We consider both uniform (equilibrium) solutions and the critical droplets that mediate activated transitions between them. For the uniform solutions, we compute the critical current as a function of the temperature, thus obtaining a correction factor to Bardeen's 1962 interpolation formula. For the droplets, we present a metastability chart that shows the activation energy as a function of the temperature and current. A comparison of the activation energy for a ring to experimental results for a wire connected to superconducting leads reveals a discrepancy at large currents. We discuss possible reasons for it. We also discuss the nature of the bifurcation point at which the droplet merges with the uniform solution.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures; a slightly expanded version; published in Phys. Rev. B
A smuon in the NMSSM confronted with the muon g-2 and SUSY searches
Creators: name: Wang, Kun
name: Zhu, Jingya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent supersymmetry (SUSY) search results which prefer most SUSY particles heavy, and muon g-2 anomaly which prefers colorless SUSY particles light, we explore the status of a light smuon (the SUSY partner of left-handed muon lepton) in the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM). Assuming colored SUSY particles be heavy, and considering numerous experimental constraints including muon g-2, SUSY searches, and dark matter, we scan the parameter space in the NMSSM with Z3-symmetry, checking the status of colorless SUSY particles and their possible mass order, and paying special attention to the smuon. After calculation and discussions, we draw the following conclusions: (i) The dominated SUSY contributions to muon g-2 come from the chargino-sneutrino loops, but the muon g-2 anomaly can also constrain the mass of smuon seriously because of the mass-degenerate relation between smuon and muon sneutrino. To interpret the muon g-2 anomaly at $1σ$ ($2σ$) level, the smuon need to be lighter than 1 TeV (1.8 TeV). (ii) When $\tildeχ^0_1$ is wino- or higgsino-dominated, the smuon can escape from the direct searches with low mass, e.g., 300 GeV. (iii) When smuon and $\tildeχ^0_1$ are mass-degenerate, the smuon can be as light as 200 GeV, while the $\tildeχ^0_1$ is usually bino-dominated, or some singlino-dominated, and its relic density can most likely reach the observed value, and the dominated annihilating mechanism is slepton annihilations. In addition, we also list several benchmark points for further studies.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures, comments or suggestions are welcome
Prospects of a superradiant laser based on a thermal or guided beam of Sr-88
Creators: name: Tang, Mikkel
name: Schäffer, Stefan A.
name: Müller, Jörg H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The prospects of superradiant lasing on the 7.5 kHz wide $^1$S$_0$-$^3$P$_1$ transition in $^{88}$Sr is explored by using numerical simulations of two systems based on realistic experimental numbers. One system uses the idea of demonstrating continuous superradiance in a simple, hot atom beam with high flux, and the other system is based on using ultra-cold atoms in a dipole guide. We find that the hot beam system achieves lasing above a flux of $2.5 \times 10^{12}$ atoms/s. It is capable of outputting hundreds of nW and suppressing cavity noise by a factor of 20-30. The second order Doppler shift causes a shift in the lasing frequency on the order of 500 Hz. For the cold atom beam we account for decoherence and thermal effects when using a repumping scheme for atoms confined in a dipole guide. We find that the output power is on the order of hundreds of pW, however the second order Doppler shift can be neglected, and cavity noise can be suppressed on the order of a factor 50-100. Additionally we show that both systems exhibit local insensitivity to fluctuations in atomic flux.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Supplementary Material from A model of spatio-temporal regulation within biomaterials using DNA reaction–diffusion waveguides
Creators: name: Dorsey, Phillip J.
name: Scalise, Dominic
name: Schulman, Rebecca
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 60113 Synthetic Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 100799 Nanotechnology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology

description: In multi-cellular organisms, cells and tissues coordinate biochemical signal propagation across length scales spanning microns to meters. Designing synthetic materials with similar capacities for coordinated signal propagation could allow these systems to adaptively regulate themselves across space and over time. Here, we combine ideas from cell signalling and electronic circuitry to propose a biochemical waveguide that transmits information in the form of a concentration of a DNA species on a directed path. The waveguide could be seamlessly integrated into a soft material because there is virtually no difference between the chemical or physical properties of the waveguide and the material it is embedded within. We propose the design of DNA strand displacement reactions to construct the system and, using reaction–diffusion models, identify kinetic and diffusive parameters that enable super-diffusive transport of DNA species via autocatalysis. Finally, to support experimental waveguide implementation, we propose a sink reaction and spatially inhomogeneous DNA concentrations that could mitigate the spurious amplification of an autocatalyst within the waveguide, allowing for controlled waveguide triggering. Chemical waveguides could facilitate the design of synthetic biomaterials with distributed sensing machinery integrated throughout their structure and enable coordinated self-regulating programs triggered by changing environmental conditions.
Fast Inverse Nonlinear Fourier Transformation using Exponential One-Step Methods, Part I: Darboux Transformation
Creators: name: Vaibhav, Vishal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper considers the non-Hermitian Zakharov-Shabat (ZS) scattering problem which forms the basis for defining the SU$(2)$-nonlinear Fourier transformation (NFT). The theoretical underpinnings of this generalization of the conventional Fourier transformation is quite well established in the Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur (AKNS) formalism; however, efficient numerical algorithms that could be employed in practical applications are still unavailable. In this paper, we present a unified framework for the forward and inverse NFT using exponential one-step methods which are amenable to FFT-based fast polynomial arithmetic. Within this discrete framework, we propose a fast Darboux transformation (FDT) algorithm having an operational complexity of $\mathscr{O}\left(KN+N\log^2N\right)$ such that the error in the computed $N$-samples of the $K$-soliton vanishes as $\mathscr{O}\left(N^{-p}\right)$ where $p$ is the order of convergence of the underlying one-step method. For fixed $N$, this algorithm outperforms the the classical DT (CDT) algorithm which has a complexity of $\mathscr{O}\left(K^2N\right)$. We further present extension of these algorithms to the general version of DT which allows one to add solitons to arbitrary profiles that are admissible as scattering potentials in the ZS-problem. The general CDT/FDT algorithms have the same operational complexity as that of the $K$-soliton case and the order of convergence matches that of the underlying one-step method. A comparative study of these algorithms is presented through exhaustive numerical tests.
description: Some typos have been corrected, figures have been updated and minor changes have been made in order to address the concerns of the referees
On the Cross-dataset Generalization in License Plate Recognition
Creators: name: Laroca, Rayson
name: Cardoso, Everton V.
name: Lucio, Diego R.
name: Estevam, Valter
name: Menotti, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) systems have shown remarkable performance on license plates (LPs) from multiple regions due to advances in deep learning and the increasing availability of datasets. The evaluation of deep ALPR systems is usually done within each dataset; therefore, it is questionable if such results are a reliable indicator of generalization ability. In this paper, we propose a traditional-split versus leave-one-dataset-out experimental setup to empirically assess the cross-dataset generalization of 12 Optical Character Recognition (OCR) models applied to LP recognition on nine publicly available datasets with a great variety in several aspects (e.g., acquisition settings, image resolution, and LP layouts). We also introduce a public dataset for end-to-end ALPR that is the first to contain images of vehicles with Mercosur LPs and the one with the highest number of motorcycle images. The experimental results shed light on the limitations of the traditional-split protocol for evaluating approaches in the ALPR context, as there are significant drops in performance for most datasets when training and testing the models in a leave-one-dataset-out fashion.
description: Accepted for presentation at the International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications (VISAPP) 2022
Positive Herz-Schur multipliers and approximation properties of crossed products
Creators: name: McKee, Andrew
name: Skalski, Adam
name: Todorov, Ivan G.
name: Turowska, Lyudmila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 46L55, Secondary: 43A35, 46L05

description: For a $C^*$-algebra $A$ and a set $X$ we give a Stinespring-type characterisation of the completely positive Schur $A$-multipliers on $K(\ell^2(X))\otimes A$. We then relate them to completely positive Herz-Schur multipliers on $C^*$-algebraic crossed products of the form $A\rtimes_{α,r} G$, with $G$ a discrete group, whose various versions were considered earlier by Anantharaman-Delaroche, Bédos and Conti, and Dong and Ruan. The latter maps are shown to implement approximation properties, such as nuclearity or the Haagerup property, for $A\rtimes_{α,r} G$.
description: 21 pages, v2 corrects a few minor typos. The paper will appear in the Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
High impedance TES bolometers for EDELWEISS
Creators: name: Marnieros, S.
name: Armengaud, E.
name: Arnaud, Q.
name: Augier, C.
name: Benoît, A.
name: Bergé, L.
name: Billard, J.
name: Broniatowski, A.
name: Camus, P.
name: Cazes, A.
name: Chapellier, M.
name: Charlieux, F.
name: De Jésus, M.
name: Dumoulin, L.
name: Eitel, K.
name: Fillipini, J. -B.
name: Filosofov, D.
name: Gascon, J.
name: Giuliani, A.
name: Gros, M.
name: Jin, Y.
name: Juillard, A.
name: Kleifges, M.
name: Lattaud, H.
name: Misiak, D.
name: Navick, X. -F.
name: Nones, C.
name: Olivieri, E.
name: Oriol, C.
name: Pari, P.
name: Paul, B.
name: Poda, D.
name: Rozov, S.
name: Salagnac, T.
name: Sanglard, V.
name: Vagneron, L.
name: Yakushev, E.
name: Zolotarova, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The EDELWEISS collaboration aims for direct detection of light dark matter using germanium cryogenic detectors with low threshold phonon sensor technologies and efficient charge readout designs. We describe here the development of Ge bolometers equipped with high impedance thermistors based on a NbxSi1-x TES alloy. High aspect ratio spiral designs allow the TES impedance to match with JFET or HEMT front-end amplifiers. We detail the behavior of the superconducting transition properties of these sensors and the detector optimization in terms of sensitivity to out-of-equilibrium phonons. We report preliminary results of a 200 g Ge detector that was calibrated using 71Ge activation by neutrons at the LSM underground laboratory.
description: Submitted to Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Special Issue for the 19th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors 19-29 July 2021 (Virtual event hold by NIST)
Role of the intraspecies scattering length in the Efimov scenario with large mass difference
Creators: name: Häfner, Stephan
name: Ulmanis, Juris
name: Kuhnle, Eva D.
name: Wang, Yujun
name: Greene, Chris H.
name: Weidemüller, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally and theoretically study the effect of the intraspecies scattering length onto the heteronuclear Efimov scenario, following up on our earlier observation of Efimov resonances in an ultracold Cs-Li mixture for negative [Pires et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 250404 (2014)] and positive Cs-Cs scattering length [Ulmanis et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 153201 (2016)]. Three theoretical models of increasing complexity are employed to quantify its influence on the scaling factor and the three-body parameter: a simple Born-Oppenheimer picture, a zero-range theory, and a spinless van der Waals model. These models are compared to Efimov resonances observed in an ultracold mixture of bosonic $^{133}$Cs and fermionic $^6$Li atoms close to two Cs-Li Feshbach resonances located at 843 G and 889 G, characterized by different sign and magnitude of the Cs-Cs interaction. By changing the sign and magnitude of the intraspecies scattering length different scaling behaviors of the three-body loss rate are identified, in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions. The three-body loss rate is strongly influenced by the intraspecies scattering length.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
A stochastic particle system approximating the BGK equation
Creators: name: Buttà, Paolo
name: Pulvirenti, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82C40 (Primary) 60K35, 82C22 (Secondary)

description: We consider a stochastic $N$-particle system on a torus in which each particle moving freely can instantaneously thermalize according to the particle configuration at that instant. Following [2], we show that the propagation of chaos does hold and that the one-particle distribution converges to the solution of the BGK equation. The improvement with respect to [2] consists in the fact that here, as suggested by physical considerations, the thermalizing transition is driven only by the restriction of the particle configuration in a small neighborhood of the jumping particle. In other words, the Maxwellian distribution of the outgoing particle is computed via the empirical hydrodynamical fields associated to the fraction of particles sufficiently close to the test particle and not, as in [2], via the whole particle configuration. [2]: arXiv:2002.10535 (Journal reference: Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. Vol. 240 (2021), pp. 785-808)
description: 25 pages. This article is an extension of the results in arXiv: 2002.10535 and draws some insights from it
Top quark electroweak couplings at future lepton colliders
Creators: name: Englert, Christoph
name: Russell, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a comparative study of the reach of future $e^+e^-$ collider options for the scale of non-resonant new physics effects in the top quark sector, phrased in the language of higher-dimensional operators. Our focus is on the electroweak top quark pair production process $e^+e^- \to Z^*/γ\to t\bar t $, and we study benchmark scenarios at the ILC and CLIC. We find that both are able to constrain mass scales up to the few TeV range in the most sensitive cases, improving by orders of magnitude on the forecasted capabilities of the LHC. We discuss the role played by observables such as forward-backward asymmetries, and making use of different beam polarisation settings, and highlight the possibility of lifting a degeneracy in the allowed parameter space by combining top observables with precision $Z$-pole measurements from LEP1.
description: v1: 11 pages, 11 figures. v2: References added, Fig. 11 updated. Matches version published in EPJC
Study of charged particle production in $U$-$U$ collisions in a Wounded Quark Model
Creators: name: Chaturvedi, O. S. K.
name: Srivastava, P. K.
name: Kumar, Ashwini
name: Singh, B. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, there has been a growing interest in the study of deformed uranium-uranium ($U$-$U$) collisions in its various geometrical configurations due to their usefulness in understanding the different aspects of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). In this paper we have studied the particle production in deformed $U$-$U$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = $193$ GeV using modified wounded quark model (WQM). At first, we have shown the variation of quark-nucleus inelastic scattering cross-section ($σ_{qA}^{in}$) with respect to centralities for various geometrical orientations of $U$-$U$ collisions in WQM. After that we have calculated the pseudorapidity density ($dn_{ch}/dη$) within WQM using two-component prescription. Further we have calculated the transverse energy density distribution ($dE_{T}/dη$) along with the ratio of transverse energy to charged hadron multiplicity ($E_{T}/N_{ch}$) for $U$-$U$ collisions and compared them with the corresponding experimental data. We have shown the scaling behavior of $dn_{ch}/dη$ and $dE_{T}/dη$ for different initial geometry of $U$-$U$ collision with respect to $p$-$p$ data at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV. Furthermore we have shown the Bjorken energy density achieved in $U$-$U$ collisions for various configurations and compared them with experimental data of $Au$-$Au$ at 200 GeV. We observe that the present model suitably describes the experimental data for minimum bias geometrical configuration of $U$-$U$ collisions. An estimate for various observables in different initial geometries of $U$-$U$ collisions is also presented which will be tested in future by experimental data.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures, Accepted in EPJ Plus
Commissioning of a hybrid readout TPC test set-up and gas gain simulations
Creators: name: Deisting, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A hybrid readout Time Projection Chamber (TPC) has a simultaneous optical- and charge readout. The optical readout provides 2D images of particle tracks in the active volume, whilst the charge readout provides additional information on the particle position perpendicular to the image plane. A hybrid readout TPC working at high pressure is an attractive device for physics cases where an excellent space point resolution and a high target density is required as e.g. measuring a neutrino beam at the source of a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. In this paper we present two different lines of work towards the goal of developing hybrid TPC technology: a) Commissioning of a set-up with gas electron multipliers employing optical and charge readout. b) An analytical parametrisation of the gas gain for a multi wire proportional chamber based on garfield++ simulations, which - when validated with measurements - allows to skip these simulations in the future altogether.
description: Proceedings of TIPP 2021, submitted to: Journal of Physics: Conference Series
A stochastic model for directional changes of swimming bacteria
Creators: name: Fier, G.
name: Hansmann, D.
name: Buceta, R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In this work we introduce a stochastic model to describe directional changes in the movement of swimming bacteria. We use the probability density function (PDF) of turn angles, measured on tumbling wild-type {\it E. coli}, to build a Langevin equation for the deflection of the bacterial body swimming in isotropic media. We have solved this equation analytically by means of the Green function method and shown that three parameters are sufficient to describe the movement: the characteristic time, the steady-state solution and the control parameter. We conclude that the tumble motion, which is manifested as abrupt turns, is primarily caused by the rotational boost generated by the flagellar motor and complementarily by the rotational diffusion introduced by noise. We show that in the tumble motion the deflection is a non-stationary stochastic process during times at which the tumbling occurs. By tuning the control parameter our model is able to explain small turns of the bacteria around their centres of mass along the run. We show that the deflection during the run is an OrnsteinUhlenbeck process, which for typical run times is stationary. We conclude that, along the run, the rotational boosts do not exist and that only the rotational diffusion remains. Thus we have a single model to explain the turns of through a critical value that can explain the transition between the two turn behaviours. This model is the bacterium during the run or tumble movements, through a control parameter that can be tuned also able to explain in a very satisfactory way all available statistical experimental data, such as PDFs and average values of turning angles times, of both run and tumble motions.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, Soft Matter (2017)
Probabilities for informational free lunches in stochastic thermodynamics
Creators: name: Paraguassú, Pedro V.
name: Defaveri, Lucianno
name: Queirós, Silvio M. Duarte
name: Morgado, Welles A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By considering an explicit nonequilibrium model, we analyze the statistics of the irreversible work, $w_{\rm irr}$, and irreversible entropy production, $Δ_i s$, within the stochastic energetics framework. Restating the second law of thermodynamics as a function of $w_{\rm irr}$, we introduce the explicit probability of violating the canonical form of that second law for a different set of parameters and initial conditions of the model. Moreover, we study the irreversible entropy production along the same lines, since it can be cast as a generalization of the irreversible work. From an informational perspective, our result allows quantifying the probability of deleting information without performing work, contrarily to the Landauer's Principle, which we classify as an informational free lunch. We chose for initial conditions cases of low information content (equilibrium) and high information content (delta distributed).
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Fingerprinting molecular relaxation in deformed polymers
Creators: name: Wang, Zhe
name: Lam, Christopher N.
name: Chen, Wei-Ren
name: Wang, Weiyu
name: Liu, Jianning
name: Liu, Yun
name: Porcar, Lionel
name: Stanley, Christopher B.
name: Zhao, Zhichen
name: Hong, Kunlun
name: Wang, Yangyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flow and deformation of macromolecules is ubiquitous in nature and industry, and an understanding of this phenomenon at both macroscopic and microscopic length scales is of fundamental and practical importance. Here we present the formulation of a general mathematical framework, which could be used to extract, from scattering experiments, the molecular relaxation of deformed polymers. By combining and modestly extending several key conceptual ingredients in the literature, we show how the anisotropic single-chain structure factor can be decomposed by spherical harmonics and experimentally reconstructed from its cross sections on the scattering planes. The resulting wavenumber-dependent expansion coefficients constitute a characteristic fingerprint of the macromolecular deformation, permitting detailed examinations of polymer dynamics at the microscopic level. We apply this approach to survey a long-standing problem in polymer physics regarding the molecular relaxation in entangled polymers after a large step deformation. The classical tube theory of Doi and Edwards predicts a fast chain retraction process immediately after the deformation, followed by a slow orientation relaxation through the reptation mechanism. This chain retraction hypothesis, which is the keystone of the tube theory for macromolecular flow and deformation, was critically examined by analyzing the fine features of the two-dimensional anisotropic spectra from small-angle neutron scattering by entangled polystyrenes. It is shown that the unique scattering patterns associated with the chain retraction mechanism were not experimentally observed. This result calls for a fundamental revision of the current theoretical picture for nonlinear rheological behavior of entangled polymeric liquids.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures
Assessing coincident neutrino detections using population models
Creators: name: Capel, F.
name: Burgess, J. M.
name: Mortlock, D. J.
name: Padovani, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several tentative associations between high-energy neutrinos and astrophysical sources have been recently reported, but a conclusive identification of these potential neutrino emitters remains challenging. We explore the use of Monte Carlo simulations of source populations to gain deeper insight into the physical implications of proposed individual source--neutrino associations. In particular, we focus on the IC170922A--TXS~0506+056 observation. Assuming a null model, we find a 7.6\% chance of mistakenly identifying coincidences between $γ$-ray flares from blazars and neutrino alerts in 10-year surveys. We confirm that a blazar--neutrino connection based on the $γ$-ray flux is required to find a low chance coincidence probability and, therefore, a significant IC170922A--TXS~0506+056 association. We then assume this blazar--neutrino connection for the whole population and find that the ratio of neutrino to $γ$-ray fluxes must be $\lesssim 10^{-2}$ in order not to overproduce the total number of neutrino alerts seen by IceCube. For the IC170922A--TXS~0506+056 association to make sense, we must either accept this low flux ratio or suppose that only some rare sub-population of blazars is capable of high-energy neutrino production. For example, if we consider neutrino production only in blazar flares, we expect the flux ratio of between $10^{-3}$ and $10^{-1}$ to be consistent with a single coincident observation of a neutrino alert and flaring $γ$-ray blazar. These constraints should be interpreted in the context of the likelihood models used to find the IC170922A--TXS~0506+056 association, which assumes a fixed power-law neutrino spectrum of $E^{-2.13}$ for all blazars.
description: Accepted version
A Herschel/PACS Far Infrared Line Emission Survey of Local Luminous Infrared Galaxies
Creators: name: Diaz-Santos, T.
name: Armus, L.
name: Charmandaris, V.
name: Lu, N.
name: Stierwalt, S.
name: Stacey, G.
name: Malhotra, S.
name: van der Werf, P. P.
name: Howell, J. H.
name: Privon, G. C.
name: Mazzarella, J. M.
name: Goldsmith, P. F.
name: Murphy, E. J.
name: Barcos-Munoz, L.
name: Linden, S. T.
name: Inami, H.
name: Larson, K. L.
name: Evans, A. S.
name: Appleton, P.
name: Iwasawa, K.
name: Lord, S.
name: Sanders, D. B.
name: Surace, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of [OI]63, [OIII]88, [NII]122 and [CII]158 far-infrared (FIR) fine-structure line observations obtained with Herschel/PACS, for ~240 local luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) in the Great Observatories All-sky LIRG Survey (GOALS). We find pronounced declines -deficits- of line-to-FIR-continuum emission for [NII]122, [OI]63 and [CII]158 as a function of FIR color and infrared luminosity surface density, $Σ_{\rm IR}$. The median electron density of the ionized gas in LIRGs, based on the [NII]122/[NII]205 ratio, is $n_{\rm e}$ = 41 cm$^{-3}$. We find that the dispersion in the [CII]158 deficit of LIRGs is attributed to a varying fractional contribution of photo-dissociation-regions (PDRs) to the observed [CII]158 emission, f([CII]PDR) = [CII]PDR/[CII], which increases from ~60% to ~95% in the warmest LIRGs. The [OI]63/[CII]158PDR ratio is tightly correlated with the PDR gas kinetic temperature in sources where [OI]63 is not optically-thick or self-absorbed. For each galaxy, we derive the average PDR hydrogen density, $n_{\rm H}$, and intensity of the interstellar radiation field, in units of G$_0$, and find G$_0$/$n_{\rm H}$ ratios ~0.1-50 cm$^3$, with ULIRGs populating the upper end of the distribution. There is a relation between G$_0$/$n_{\rm H}$ and $Σ_{\rm IR}$, showing a critical break at $Σ_{\rm IR}^{\star}$ ~ 5 x 10$^{10}$ Lsun/kpc$^2$. Below $Σ_{\rm IR}^{\star}$, G$_0$/$n_{\rm H}$ remains constant, ~0.32 cm$^3$, and variations in $Σ_{\rm IR}$ are driven by the number density of star-forming regions within a galaxy, with no change in their PDR properties. Above $Σ_{\rm IR}^{\star}$, G$_0$/$n_{\rm H}$ increases rapidly with $Σ_{\rm IR}$, signaling a departure from the typical PDR conditions found in normal star-forming galaxies towards more intense/harder radiation fields and compact geometries typical of starbursting sources.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures. Submitted to ApJ, including 2nd round of referee comments. Data tables can be found at: http://goals.ipac.caltech.edu/ and will also appear on the electronic version of the journal