cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
ANNI - A pulsed cold neutron beam facility for particle physics at the ESS
Creators: name: Soldner, Torsten
name: Abele, Hartmut
name: Konrad, Gertrud
name: Märkisch, Bastian
name: Piegsa, Florian M.
name: Schmidt, Ulrich
name: Theroine, Camille
name: Sánchez, Pablo Torres
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulsed beams have tremendous advantages for precision experiments with cold neutrons. In order to minimise and measure systematic effects, they are used at continuous sources in spite of the related substantial decrease in intensity. At the European Spallation Source ESS these experiments will profit from the pulse structure of the source and its 50 times higher peak brightness compared to the most intense reactor facilities, making novel concepts feasible. Therefore, the cold neutron beam facility for particle physics ANNI was proposed as part of the ESS instrument suite. The proposed design has been re-optimised to take into account the present ESS cold moderator layout. We present design considerations, the optimised instrument parameters and performance, and expected gain factors for several reference experiments.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures; submitted to the Proceedings of the International Workshop on Particle Physics at Neutron Sources PPNS 2018, Grenoble, France, May 24-26, 2018
Additional file 1 of Wild rice harbors more root endophytic fungi than cultivated rice in the F1 offspring after crossbreeding
Creators: name: Tian, Lei
name: Wang, Enze
name: Lin, Xiaolong
name: Ji, Li
name: Chang, Jingjing
name: Chen, Hongping
name: Wang, Jilin
name: Chen, Dazhou
name: Tran, Lam-Son Phan
name: Tian, Chunjie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Summary of the statistics of the high-throughput sequencing data for bacteria and fungi. Each group comprised 4 replicates (n = 4) indicated by A, B, C and D. Af-W, African wild rice; Af-H, F1 generation of a cross between African wild rice (Af-W) and African cultivated rice (AfC1); AfC1, African cultivated rice No. 2; AfC2, African cultivated rice No. 4; NW1, nivara wild rice No. 1; NW2, nivara wild rice No. 2; NW-H, F1 generation of a cross between nivara wild rice (NW1) and Asian cultivated rice (indica, InC); CW1, common wild rice No. 1; CW2, common wild rice No. 2; CW-H, F1 generation of a cross between common wild rice (CW1) and Asian cultivated rice (japonica, JaC); InC, Asian cultivated rice (Jiangxi indica); JaC, Asian cultivated rice (Jiangxi japonica).
Reacting Polymers with Highly Correlated Initial Conditions
Creators: name: Bychuk, Oleg V.
name: O'Shaughnessy, Ben
name: Turro, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and theoretically study an experiment designed to measure short time polymer reaction kinetics in melts or dilute solutions. The photolysis of groups centrally located along chain backbones, one group per chain, creates pairs of spatially highly correlated macroradicals. We calculate time-dependent rate coefficients $κ(t)$ governing their first order recombination kinetics, which are novel on account of the far-from-equilibrium initial conditions. In dilute solutions (good solvents) reaction kinetics are intrinsically weak, despite the highly reactive radical groups involved. This leads to a generalised mean field kinetics in which the rate of radical density decay $-\ndot \twid S(t)$ where $S(t)\twid t^{-(1+g/3)}$ is the {\em equilibrium} return probability for 2 reactive groups, given initial contact. Here $g\approx 0.27$ is the correlation hole exponent for self-avoiding chain ends. For times beyond the longest coil relaxation time $τ$, $-\ndot \twid S(t)$ remains true, but center of gravity coil diffusion takes over with rms displacement of reactive groups $x(t)\twid t^{1/2}$ and $S(t)\twid 1/x^3(t)$. At the shortest times ($t\lsim 10^{-6}$ sec), recombination is inhibited due to spin selection rules and we find $\ndot \twid t S(t)$. In melts, kinetics are intrinsically diffusion-controlled, leading to entirely different rate laws. During the regime limited by spin selection rules, the density of radicals decays linearly, $n(0)-n(t)\twid t$. At longer times the standard result $-\ndot\twid dx^3(t)/dt$ (for randomly distributed ends) is replaced by $\ndot\twid d^2x^3(t)/dt^2$ for these correlated initial conditions. The long time behavior, $t>τ$, has the same scaling form in time as for dilute solutions.
description: 23 pages
The Thermopower of Quantum Chaos
Creators: name: Godijn, S. F.
name: Moeller, S.
name: Buhmann, H.
name: Molenkamp, L. W.
name: van Langen, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermovoltage of a chaotic quantum dot is measured using a current heating technique. The fluctuations in the thermopower as a function of magnetic field and dot shape display a non-Gaussian distribution, in agreement with simulations using Random Matrix Theory. We observe no contributions from weak localization or short trajectories in the thermopower.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, corrected: accidently omitted author in the Authors list, here (not in the article)
Neutrinos from propagation of ultra-high energy protons
Creators: name: Engel, Ralph
name: Seckel, David
name: Stanev, Todor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a calculation of the production of neutrinos during propagation of ultra-high energy cosmic rays from their astrophysical sources to us. Photoproduction interactions are modeled with the event generator SOPHIA that represents very well the experimentally measured particle production cross sections at accelerator energies. We give the fluxes expected from different assumptions on cosmic ray source distributions, cosmic ray injection spectra, cosmological evolution of the sources and different cosmologies, and compare them to the Waxman-Bahcall limit on source neutrinos. We estimate rates for detection of neutrino induced showers in a km3 water detector. The ratio of the local high energy neutrino flux to the ultra-high energy cosmic ray flux is a crucial parameter in distinguishing between astrophysical and cosmological (top-down) scenarios of the ultra-high energy cosmic ray origin.
description: 11 pages, revtex, 10 ps figures, extensively revised version, error in numerical calculation corrected, author added
Functional group dominance and not productivity drives species richness
Creators: name: Li, Wenjin
name: M. H. Knops, Johannes
name: Brassil, Chad E.
name: Lu, Junfeng
name: Qi, Wei
name: Li, Jinhua
name: Liu, Minxia
name: Chang, Shenghua
name: Li, Wenlong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background: There is a lack of consensus about the productivity–richness relationship, with several recent studies suggesting that it is not productivity but other factors that are the important drivers that determine species richness. Aims: Here, we examine the relationship between productivity, functional group dominance and plant species richness at the plot scale in Tibetan Plateau meadows. These alpine meadows are ideal to examine the species productivity-richness relationship because they have a very high species richness, a large gradient in productivity, and can be dominated by either graminoids (grasses and sedges) or forbs. Methods: We measured plant species richness and above-ground biomass along a natural gradient of functional group abundance in 44 plots distributed across five natural, winter-grazed but otherwise undisturbed sites in the eastern part of the Qing-Hai Tibetan Plateau, in Gansu province, China in 2008. Results: Graminoid abundance (i.e. graminoid biomass as percent of the total above-ground biomass) explained 39% of plot differences in species richness while neither productivity nor the biomass of the three most abundant plant species, either individually or combined, were a significant predictor of species richness. Conclusions: Our results show that within these alpine meadows, a shift from graminoid to forb dominance, rather than the individual dominant species or productivity itself, is strongly correlated with species richness. Thus, differences in functional group abundance can be a strong driver of observed plant species richness patterns.
Quadratic electronic response of a two-dimensional electron gas
Creators: name: Bergara, A.
name: Pitarke, J. M.
name: Echenique, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic response of a two-dimensional (2D) electron system represents a key quantity in discussing one-electron properties of electrons in semiconductor heterojunctions, on the surface of liquid helium and in copper-oxide planes of high-temperature superconductors. We here report an evaluation of the wave-vector and frequency dependent dynamical quadratic density-response function of a 2D electron gas (2DEG), within a self-consistent field approximation. We use this result to find the $Z_1^3$ correction to the stopping power of a 2DEG for charged particles moving at a fixed distance from the plane of the 2D sheet, $Z_1$ being the projectile charge. We reproduce, in the high-density limit, previous full nonlinear calculations of the stopping power of a 2DEG for slow antiprotons, and we go further to calculate the $Z_1^3$ correction to the stopping power of a 2DEG for a wide range of projectile velocities. Our results indicate that linear response calculations are, for all projectile velocities, less reliable in two dimensions than in three dimensions.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Additional file 3: of Educational outreach visits to improve knee osteoarthritis management in primary care
Creators: name: Spitaels, David
name: Hermens, Rosella
name: Luyten, Frank
name: Vandenneucker, Hilde
name: Aertgeerts, Bert
name: Verschueren, Sabine
name: Assche, Dieter
name: Vankrunkelsven, Patrik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: File to explain the calculation of the quality indicators by matching the quality indicators to the corresponding questions in the case vignettes. (DOCX 16 kb)
title: The emergence of bound variable structures
Creators: name: Roeper, Thomas
name: De Villiers, Jill G.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 1990

description: Roeper, T. & de Villiers, J. (1990). The emergence of bound variable structures. In T. L. Maxfield & B. Plunkett (Eds.), Papers in the acquisition of WH, (pp. 225-265). University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers (UMOP) Special Edition. Amherst, MA: GLSA.
description: Even for aduelts, quantifiers such as "all", "some", "every" seem to involve difficult mapping between logic and grammar. A sentence like "every boy ate every food" requires a little concentration before the meaning comes through. One might think that there is no natural mapping of such sophisticated aspectes of cognition onto grammatical structure. Current linguistic theory, however, reveals that syntax puts sharp limits on how quantification works. The study of quantifiers might reveal how cognition connects to grammar and how they are intertwined int he process of acquisition. We will try to present the acquisition problem in a manner slightly abstracted from the technical details of linguistic theory.
Astrometric imaging of crowded stellar fields with only two SIM pointings
Creators: name: Dalal, Neal
name: Griest, Kim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) will observe sources in crowded fields. Recent work has shown that source crowding can induce significant positional errors in SIM's astrometric measurements, even for targets many magnitudes brighter than all other crowding sources. Here we investigate whether the spectral decomposition of the fringe pattern may be used to disentangle the overlapping fringes from multiple blended sources, effectively by performing synthesis imaging with two baselines. We find that spectrally dispersed fringes enable SIM to identify and localize a limited number of field sources quite robustly, thereby removing their effect from SIM astrometry and reducing astrometry errors to near photon noise levels. We simulate SIM measurements of the LMC, and show that (a) SIM astrometry will not be corrupted by blending and (b) extremely precise imaging of mildly crowded fields may be performed using only two orthogonal baseline orientations, allowing microarcsecond positional measurements. We lastly illustrate the method's potential with the example of astrometric microlensing, showing that SIM's mass and distance measurements of lenses will be untainted by crowding.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, uses emulateapj5 (included), submitted to ApJ
Flux Confinement in Mesoscopic Superconductors
Creators: name: Bruynseraede, Y.
name: Moshchalkov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on flux confinement effects in superconducting submicron line, loop and dot structures. The main idea of our study was to vary the boundary conditions for confinement of the superconducting condensate by taking samples of different topology and, through that, modifying the lowest Landau level E_{LLL}(H). Since the critical temperature versus applied magnetic field T_{c}(H) is, in fact, E_{LLL}(H) measured in temperature units, it is varied as well when the sample topology is changed. We demonstrate that in all studied submicron structures the shape of the T_{c}(H) phase boundary is determined by the confinement topology in a unique way.
description: 10 pages, 5 EPS figures, uses LaTeX's sup.sty, contribution to a special issue of "Superlattices and Microstructures"
Aerodynamic optimisation of vertical axis wind turbine blades
Creators: name: Mauricette, Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: Anglia Ruskin Research Online (ARRO)
Year: 2025

description: This study reports the Computational Fluid Dynamic results of 2D aerofoils and 3D blades with and without pleats for use as Vertical Axis Wind Turbine blades. Investigation of the aerodynamic characteristics of corrugated aerodynamic wings has been the focus of a number of experimental and numerical studies in the past. However, little is still understood of the exact phenomenon causing the increased aerodynamic performance of corrugated aerofoils when compared to their profiled counterparts, although many, often contradicting, theories are presented in literature.The research has found that corrugations can be used to improve the lift to drag ratios of vertical axis wind turbine blades and therefore their overall performance. The corrugations will also reduce the negative effect of blade soiling and allows for easier manufacture.A commercially available axial fan is also optimised by reducing operating noise, whilst not reducing performance or energy consumption. 4 paragraphs needed: what was research, how it was research, what were the results, what are the implication of the results.
Additional file 1 of Days at home alive after major surgery in patients with and without diabetes: an observational cohort study
Creators: name: Habermann, Amanda
name: Widaeus, Matilda
name: Soltani, Navid
name: Myles, Paul S.
name: Hallqvist, Linn
name: Bell, Max
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression for low DAH30 with ICD-10 codes as proxy for comorbidity. Table S2. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression for one year mortality with ICD-10 codes as proxy for comorbidity. Fig. S1. Kaplan Meier curve for one year mortality for DM 1 vs nondiabetics. Fig. S2. Kaplan Meier curve for one year mortality for DM 2 vs nondiabetics.
Measuring Feedback in Damped Lyman Alpha Systems
Creators: name: Wolfe, Arthur M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure feedback (heating rates) in damped Lyman alpha systems from the cooling rate of the neutral gas. Since cooling occurs through [C II] 158 micron emission, we infer cooling from C II^{*} 1335.7 absorption lines detected with HIRES on the Keck I telescope. The inferred heating rates are about 30 times lower than for the Galaxy ISM. At z = 2.8, the implied star formation rate per unit area is 10^{-2.4+-0.3} solar masses per kpc^{2} per year, and the the star formation rate per unit comoving volume is 10^{-0.8+-0.2} solar masses per Mpc^{3} per year. This is the first measurement of star formation rates in objects likely to be the progenitors of current galaxies.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings of the ESO/ECF/STScI Workshop on Deep Fields
Additional file 2: of In silico simulations of occurrence of transcription factor binding sites in bacterial genomes
Creators: name: Mrázek, Jan
name: Karls, Anna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S2. ‘Report cards’ for additional tests including cross-species searches. (PDF 849 kb)
Global and Local Measures of the Intrinsic Josephson Coupling in Tl2Ba2CuO6
Creators: name: Tsvetkov, A. A.
name: van der Marel, D.
name: Moler, K. A.
name: Kirtley, J. R.
name: de Boer, J. L.
name: Meetsma, A.
name: Ren, Z. F.
name: Koleshnikov, N.
name: Dulic, D.
name: Damascelli, A.
name: Grueninger, M.
name: Schuetzmann, J.
name: van der Eb, J. W.
name: Somal, H. S.
name: Wang, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Intlerlayer Josephson coupling between the planes of Tl2Ba2CuO6 was determined using infrared spectroscopy and magnetic flux vortex imaging. These methods give a consistent value of $ω_J$= 28 cm$^{-1}$ which, when combined with the condensation energy produces a discrepancy of at least an order of magnitude with deductions based on the interlayer tunneling model.
description: 5 pages, article, epsf, 3 encapsulated postscript figures
Testing Comptonization models using BeppoSAX observations of Seyfert 1 galaxies
Creators: name: Petrucci, P. O.
name: Haardt, F.
name: Maraschi, L.
name: Grandi, P.
name: Malzac, J.
name: Matt, G.
name: Nicastro, F.
name: Piro, L.
name: Perola, G. C.
name: De Rosa, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We used high quality BeppoSAX data of 6 Seyfert galaxies to test realistic thermal Comptonization models. Our main effort was to adopt a Comptonization model taking into account the anisotropy of the soft photon field. The best fit parameter values of the temperature and optical depth of the corona and of the reflection normalization obtained fitting this class of models to the data are substantially different from those derived fitting the same data with the power law + cut--off model commonly used. The two models also provide different trends and correlation between the physical parameters, which has major consequences for the physical interpretation of the data
description: 6 pages, 4 figures (uses newpasp.sty included). To appear in Proc. of "X-ray astronomy 2000",(Palermo Sep. 2000), Eds. R. Giacconi, L. Stella, S. Serio, ASP Conf. Series, in press
Trees and crops: making the most of the space - Árvores e culturas: o melhor aproveitamento do espaço
Creators: name: Westaway, Sally
name: Smith, Jo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: tree understory
yields
biodiversity
tree rows
agroforestry
weed control
productivity
understory crops
silvoarable systems
subcoberto
produtividade
biodiversidade
filas de árvores
sistemas silvoaráveis
daninhas
culturas do subcoberto

description: Tradução de leaflet do projeto AGFORWARD - Em muitos sistemas agroflorestais a área entre as árvores e sob a sua copa é um espaço subvalorizado e negligenciado. Quando não gerido pode gerar problemas com o controlo de infestantes. Este espaço pode ser tornado produtivo através da plantação de culturas adaptadas à sombra. Além disso, quando gerido corretamente, o espaço sob as árvores pode ser um recurso para a biodiversidade, pois fornece habitat a insetos benéficos e uma fonte de alimento aos polinizadores das culturas. As opções de cultivo e gestão do subcoberto arbóreo em sistemas agroflorestais hortícolas incluem flores de corte, ruibarbo e alcachofras. Todas estas culturas se dão bem à sombra e podem ser vendidas juntamente com outras produções. O subcoberto também pode ser semeado com flores silvestres, escolhidas para atrair polinizadores e fornecer abrigo a predadores benéficos para as culturas.
Hellmann-Feynman theorem and fluctuation-correlation analysis of the Calogero-Sutherland model
Creators: name: Roemer, Rudolf A.
name: Ziesche, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exploiting the results of the exact solution for the ground state of the one-dimensional spinless quantum gas of Fermions and impenetrable Bosons with the mu/x_{ij}^2 particle-particle interaction, the Hellmann-Feynman theorem yields mutually compensating divergences of both the kinetic and the interaction energy in the limiting case mu to -1/4. These divergences result from the peculiar behavior of both the momentum distribution (for large momenta) and the pair density (for small inter-particle separation). The available analytical pair densities for mu=-1/4, 0, and 2 allow to analyze particle-number fluctuations. They are suppressed by repulsive interaction (mu>0), enhanced by attraction (mu<0), and may therefore measure the kind and strength of correlation. Other recently proposed purely quantum-kinematical measures of the correlation strength arise from the small-separation behavior of the pair density or - for Fermions - from the non-idempotency of the momentum distribution and its large-momenta behavior. They are compared with each other and with reference-free, short-range correlation-measuring ratios of the kinetic and potential energies.
description: 30 pages, 9 figures, revised version, short version appeared as PRB 62, 15279-15282 (2000)
MOESM1 of Correction to: GLP-1RAs in type 2 diabetes: mechanisms that underlie cardiovascular effects and overview of cardiovascular outcome data
Creators: name: Sposito, Andrei
name: OtĂĄvio Berwanger
name: Luiz Carvalho
name: JosĂŠ Saraiva
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Risk of Bias of Individual Randomized Controlled Trials. Table S2. Egger Bias Analysis. Table S3. Differences in p-values for all trials combined according to the choice of fixed or random methods. Figure S1. Funnel plots for myocardial infarction. Figure S2. Funnel plots for MACE. Figure S3. Funnel plots for Death due to heart failure. Figure S4. Funnel plots for CV death. Figure S5. Funnel plots for All-cause death.
JIMWLK evolution and small-x asymptotics of 2n-tuple Wilson line correlators
Creators: name: Banu, Khatiza
name: Siddiqah, Mariyah
name: Abir, Raktim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: JIMWLK equation tells how gauge invariant higher order Wilson line correlators would evolve at high energy. In this article we present a convenient integro-differential form of this equation, for 2n-tuple correlator, where all real and virtual terms are explicit. The `real' terms correspond to splitting (say at position z) of this 2n-tuple correlator to various pairs of 2m-tuple and (2n+2-2m)-tuple correlators whereas `virtual' terms correspond to splitting into pairs of 2m-tuple and (2n-2m)-tuple correlators. Kernels of virtual terms with m=0 (no splitting) and of real terms with m=1 (splitting with atleast one dipole) have poles and when integrated over z they do generate ultraviolet logarithmic divergences, separately for real and virtual terms. Except these two cases in all other terms the corresponding kernels, separately for real and virtual terms, have rather soften ultraviolet singularity and when integrated over z do not generate ultraviolet logarithmic divergences. We went on to study the solution of the JIMWLK equation for the 2n-tuple Wilson line correlator in the strong scattering regime where all transverse distances are much larger than inverse saturation momentum and shown that it also exhibits geometric scaling like color dipole deep inside saturation region.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
Pair Creation at Shocks: Application to the High Energy Emission of Compact objects
Creators: name: Petrucci, P. O.
name: Henri, G.
name: Pelletier, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of pair creation on a shock structure. Actually, particles accelerated by a shock can be sufficiently energetic to boost, via Inverse Compton (IC) process for example, surrounding soft photons above the rest mass electron energy and thus to trigger the pair creation process. The increase of the associated pair pressure is thus able to disrupt the plasma flow and possibly, for too high pressure, to smooth it completely. Reversely, significant changes of the flow velocity profile may modify the distribution function of the accelerated particles, modifying consequently the pair creation rate. Stationary states are then obtained by solving self-consistently for the particle distribution function and the flow velocity profile. We discuss our results and the application of these processes to the high energy emission and variability of compact objects.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures (uses newpasp.sty included). To appear in Proc. of "X-ray astronomy 2000",(Palermo Sep. 2000), Eds. R. Giacconi, L. Stella, S. Serio, ASP Conf. Series, in press
Additional file 1 of Inhibition of mitochondrial cyclophilin D, a downstream target of glycogen synthase kinase 3α, improves sperm motility
Creators: name: Park, Seung Hyun
name: Gye, Myung Chan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 1: of In silico simulations of occurrence of transcription factor binding sites in bacterial genomes
Creators: name: Mrázek, Jan
name: Karls, Anna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S1. Complete set of ‘report cards’ for transcription factor binding sites investigaed in this work. (PDF 3337 kb)
Exact solution of pulled, directed vesicles with sticky walls in two dimensions
Creators: name: Owczarek, Aleks
name: Prellberg, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse a directed lattice vesicle model incorporating both the binding-unbinding transition and the vesicle inflation-deflation transition. From the exact solution we derive the phase diagram for this model and elucidate scaling properties around the binding-unbinding critical point in this larger parameter space. We also consider how the phase diagram changes when a perpendicular force is applied to the end of a directed vesicle.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Soft Modes, Resonances and Quantum Transport
Creators: name: Ivanov, Yu. B.
name: Knoll, J.
name: van Hees, H.
name: Voskresensky, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effects of the propagation of particles, which have a finite life-time and an according width in their mass spectrum, are discussed in the context of transport description. First, the importance of coherence effects (Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect) on production and absorption of field quanta in non-equilibrium dense matter is considered. It is shown that classical diffusion and Langevin results correspond to re-summation of certain field-theory diagrams formulated in terms of full non-equilibrium Green's functions. Then the general properties of broad resonances in dense and hot systems are discussed in the framework of a self-consistent and conserving Phi-derivable method of Baym at the examples of the rho-meson in hadronic matter and the pion in dilute nuclear matter. Further we address the problem of a transport description that properly accounts for the damping width of the particles. The Phi-derivable method generalized to the real-time contour provides a self-consistent and conserving kinetic scheme. We derive a generalized expression for the non-equilibrium kinetic entropy flow, which includes corrections from fluctuations and mass-width effects. In special cases an H-theorem is proved. Memory effects in collision terms give contributions to the kinetic entropy flow that in the Fermi-liquid case recover the famous bosonic type T^3 ln T correction to the specific heat of liquid Helium-3. At the example of the pion-condensate phase transition in dense nuclear matter we demonstrate important part played by the width effects within the quantum transport.
description: submitted to Phys. At. Nucl. (Rus.), the volume dedicated to the memory of A.B. Migdal. 31 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Pseudogenomic insights into the evolution of Mycobacterium ulcerans
Creators: name: Kyei-Baffour, Edwin Sakyi
name: Owusu-Boateng, Kwabena
name: Isawumi, Abiola
name: Mosi, Lydia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Learning Alternative Ways of Performing a Task
Creators: name: Nieves, David
name: Ramírez-Quintana, María José
name: Monserrat, Carlos
name: Ferri, César
name: Hernández-Orallo, José
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6; I.5.4

description: A common way of learning to perform a task is to observe how it is carried out by experts. However, it is well known that for most tasks there is no unique way to perform them. This is especially noticeable the more complex the task is because factors such as the skill or the know-how of the expert may well affect the way she solves the task. In addition, learning from experts also suffers of having a small set of training examples generally coming from several experts (since experts are usually a limited and expensive resource), being all of them positive examples (i.e. examples that represent successful executions of the task). Traditional machine learning techniques are not useful in such scenarios, as they require extensive training data. Starting from very few executions of the task presented as activity sequences, we introduce a novel inductive approach for learning multiple models, with each one representing an alternative strategy of performing a task. By an iterative process based on generalisation and specialisation, we learn the underlying patterns that capture the different styles of performing a task exhibited by the examples. We illustrate our approach on two common activity recognition tasks: a surgical skills training task and a cooking domain. We evaluate the inferred models with respect to two metrics that measure how well the models represent the examples and capture the different forms of executing a task showed by the examples. We compare our results with the traditional process mining approach and show that a small set of meaningful examples is enough to obtain patterns that capture the different strategies that are followed to solve the tasks.
description: 32 pages, Github repository, published paper, authors' version
Large Field Ranges from Aligned and Misaligned Winding
Creators: name: Hebecker, Arthur
name: Junghans, Daniel
name: Schachner, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We search for effective axions with super-Planckian decay constants in type IIB string models. We argue that such axions can be realised as long winding trajectories in complex-structure moduli space by an appropriate flux choice. Our main findings are: The simplest models with aligned winding in a 2-axion field space fail due to a general no-go theorem. However, equally simple models with misaligned winding, where the effective axion is not close to any of the fundamental axions, appear to work to the best of our present understanding. These models have large decay constants but no large monotonic regions in the potential, making them unsuitable for large-field inflation. We also show that our no-go theorem can be avoided by aligning three or more axions. We argue that, contrary to misaligned models, such models can have both large decay constants and large monotonic regions in the potential. Our results may be used to argue against the refined Swampland Distance Conjecture and strong forms of the axionic Weak Gravity Conjecture. It becomes apparent, however, that realising inflation is by far harder than just producing a light field with large periodicity.
description: 45 pages. v2: minor improvements and added reference
Energy level statistics at the metal-insulator transition in the Anderson model of localization with anisotropic hopping
Creators: name: Milde, Frank
name: Römer, Rudolf A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a metal-insulator transition (MIT) was found in the anisotropic Anderson model of localization by transfer-matrix methods (TMM). This MIT has been also investigated by multifractal analysis (MFA) and the same critical disorders $W_c$ have been obtained within the accuracy of the data. We now employ energy level statistics (ELS) to further characterize the MIT. We find a crossover of the nearest-neighbor level spacing distribution $P(s)$ from GOE statistics at small disorder indicating metallic behavior to the Poisson distribution at large disorder characteristic for localized states. An analysis of the system size dependence of the spectral rigidity $Δ_3(L)$ confirms the values of $W_c$ from TMM and MFA.
description: 5 pages, 3 eps figures
General relativistic surface degrees of freedom in perturbed hybrid stars
Creators: name: Pereira, Jonas P.
name: Lugones, Germán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how the nature of a hybrid system (perfect fluid, solid or a mixture of them) could be related to the induction of general relativistic surface degrees of freedom on phase-splitting surfaces upon perturbation of its phases. We work in the scope of phase conversions in the vicinity of sharp phase transition surfaces whose timescales are either much smaller (rapid conversions) or larger (slow conversions) than the ones of the perturbations ($ω^{-1}$, where $ω$ is a characteristic frequency of oscillation of the star). In this first approach, perturbations are assumed to be purely radial. We show that surface degrees of freedom could emerge when either the core or the crust of a hybrid star is solid and phase conversions close to a phase-splitting surface are rapid. We also show how this would change the usual stability rule for solid hybrid stars, namely $\partial M_0/\partial ρ_c\geq 0$, where $M_0$ is the total mass to the background hybrid star and $ρ_c$ its central density. Further consequences of our analysis for asteroseismology are also briefly discussed.
description: 8 pages. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 1: of Educational outreach visits to improve knee osteoarthritis management in primary care
Creators: name: Spitaels, David
name: Hermens, Rosella
name: Luyten, Frank
name: Vandenneucker, Hilde
name: Aertgeerts, Bert
name: Verschueren, Sabine
name: Assche, Dieter
name: Vankrunkelsven, Patrik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: The flyer provided to the GPs of the intervention group during the educational outreach. (PDF 345 kb)
Linked-Cluster Expansion of the Ising Model
Creators: name: Campostrini, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The linked-cluster expansion technique for the high-temperature expansion of spin model is reviewed. A new algorithm for the computation of three-point and higher Green's functions is presented. Series are computed for all components of two-point Green's functions for a generalized 3D Ising model, to 25th order on the bcc lattice and to 23rd order on the sc lattice. Series for zero-momentum four-, six-, and eight-point functions are computed to 21st, 19th, and 17th order respectively on the bcc lattice.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures
Structural characterization of as-grown and quasi-free standing graphene layers on SiC
Creators: name: Bueno, R. A.
name: Palacio, I.
name: Munuera, C.
name: Aballe, L.
name: Foerster, M.
name: Strupinski, W.
name: Garcia-Hernandez, M.
name: Martin-Gago, J. A.
name: Lopez, M. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a comparative structural characterization of two types of high quality epitaxial graphene layers grown by CVD on 4H-SiC(0001). The layers under study are a single layer graphene on top of a buffer layer and a quasi-free-standing graphene obtained by intercalation of hydrogen underneath the buffer layer. We determine the morphology and structure of both layers by different complementary in-situ and ex-situ surface techniques. We found the existence of large islands in both samples but with different size distribution. Photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) measurements were performed to get information about the chemical environment of the different regions. The study reveals that monolayer graphene prevails in most of the surface terraces, while a bilayer and trilayer graphene presence is observed at the steps, stripes along steps and islands.
description: This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Additional file 1 of Safety and efficacy of ketorolac continuous infusion for multimodal analgesia of vaso-occlusive crisis in patients with sickle cell disease
Creators: name: Pinto, Valeria Maria
name: Gianesin, Barbara
name: Sardo, Salvatore
name: Mazzi, Filippo
name: Baiardi, Giammarco
name: Menotti, Sofia
name: Piras, Fabio
name: Quintino, Sabrina
name: Robello, Giacomo
name: Mattioli, Francesca
name: Finco, Gabriele
name: Forni, Gian Luca
name: De Franceschi, Lucia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1: Additional details on methods, statistics and tables on laboratory results
Additional file 2: of Educational outreach visits to improve knee osteoarthritis management in primary care
Creators: name: Spitaels, David
name: Hermens, Rosella
name: Luyten, Frank
name: Vandenneucker, Hilde
name: Aertgeerts, Bert
name: Verschueren, Sabine
name: Assche, Dieter
name: Vankrunkelsven, Patrik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: The questionnaire for the GPs of the intervention and control group with two case vignettes concerning knee osteoarthritis management. (DOCX 19 kb)
MOESM1 of Analyzing temporal dynamics of cell deformation and intracellular movement with video feature aggregation
Creators: name: Fengqian Pang
name: Zhiwen Liu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. (a) and (b) correspond to a normal cell and drastic activation cell inDataset II. On the right side, there are two contour sequences. On the left side,blue lines show the radial distance sequences of contour points at 80Â°, red linesrepresent the smooth sequences; x-axis is time-lapse and y-axis is redialdistance.
Improving fairness in machine learning systems: What do industry practitioners need?
Creators: name: Holstein, Kenneth
name: Vaughan, Jennifer Wortman
name: Daumé, Hal
name: Dudík, Miro
name: Wallach, Hanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The potential for machine learning (ML) systems to amplify social inequities and unfairness is receiving increasing popular and academic attention. A surge of recent work has focused on the development of algorithmic tools to assess and mitigate such unfairness. If these tools are to have a positive impact on industry practice, however, it is crucial that their design be informed by an understanding of real-world needs. Through 35 semi-structured interviews and an anonymous survey of 267 ML practitioners, we conduct the first systematic investigation of commercial product teams' challenges and needs for support in developing fairer ML systems. We identify areas of alignment and disconnect between the challenges faced by industry practitioners and solutions proposed in the fair ML research literature. Based on these findings, we highlight directions for future ML and HCI research that will better address industry practitioners' needs.
description: To appear in the 2019 ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2019)
Lower critical field H_c1 and barriers for vortex entry in Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+delta} crystals
Creators: name: Nideroest, M.
name: Frassanito, R.
name: Saalfrank, M.
name: Mota, A. C.
name: Blatter, G.
name: Zavaritsky, V. N.
name: Li, T. W.
name: Kes, P. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The penetration field H_p of Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+delta} crystals is determined from magnetization curves for different field sweep rates dH/dt and temperatures. The obtained results are consistent with theoretical reports in the literature about vortex creep over surface and geometrical barriers. The frequently observed low-temperature upturn of H_p is shown to be related to metastable configurations due to barriers for vortex entry. Data of the true lower critical field H_c1 are presented. The low-temperature dependence of H_c1 is consistent with a superconducting state with nodes in the gap function. [PACS numbers: 74.25.Bt, 74.60.Ec, 74.60.Ge, 74.72.Hs]
O2 signature in thin and thick O2-H2O ices
Creators: name: Müller, B.
name: Giuliano, B. M.
name: Bizzocchi, L.
name: Vasyunin, A. I.
name: Caselli, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. In this paper we investigate the detectability of the molecular oxygen in icy dust grain mantles towards astronomical objects. Methods. We present a systematic set of experiments with O2-H2O ice mixtures designed to disentangle how the molecular ratio affects the O2 signature in the mid- and near-infrared spectral regions. All the experiments were conducted in a closed-cycle helium cryostat coupled to a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The ice mixtures comprise varying thicknesses from 8 $\times$ 10$^{-3}$ to 3 $μ$m. The absorption spectra of the O2-H2O mixtures are also compared to the one of pure water. In addition, the possibility to detect the O2 in icy bodies and in the interstellar medium is discussed. Results. We are able to see the O2 feature at 1551 cm$^{-1}$ even for the most diluted mixture of H2O : O2 = 9 : 1, comparable to a ratio of O2/H2O = 10 % which has already been detected in situ in the coma of the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. We provide an estimate for the detection of O2 with the future mission of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, article in press, to appear in A&A 2018