cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Monitoring bycatch: a fishing industry generated solution
Creators: name: Stanley, R.D.
name: McElderry, H.
name: Koolman, J.
name: Mawani, T.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session M
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Technologies and data

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The groundfish industry in the province of British Columbia and the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada implemented the B.C. Groundfish Integrated Pilot Project in March of 2006. The project was initiated, in general, because of the difficulty of managing many species of groundfish across multiple license/gear sectors and, in particular, because of the difficulty in quota-managing stocks without discard information. Motivated, in part, by a combination of “carrot” (introduction of ITQs) and “big stick” (fix it or lose it) incentives, the fishing industry took the lead role in designing, funding, and implementing a cost-effective 100% at-sea catch monitoring program in a small-boat fleet of over 250 vessels. In its first three years, the Project has surpassed the expectations of many of the industry and government participants. This monitoring now provides accurate and statistically defensible estimates of total catch for all quota species, thereby removing the need for more complex, and possibly biased, discard estimation procedures. The accurate monitoring of total catch by species (discarded and retained) by each vessel in near real time provides managers with relatively simple options for controlling and even minimizing discards through individual species caps. With this individual accountability framework, fishers are motivated to develop their individualized strategies to reduce non-desirable catches, as opposed to the more problematic approach of top-down design and enforcement of temporal or spatial closures, or gear restrictions. The presentation focuses on the importance of a bottom-up industry-driven solution to the problem, the key elements of the monitoring, and the results of a test case to assess the accuracy of the monitoring.
Intimate partner violence and HIV risk among urban minority women in primary health care settings
Creators: name: Wu, Elwin
name: El-Bassel, Nabila
name: Witte, Susan S.
name: Gilbert, Louisa
name: Chang, Mingway P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: HIV infections—Prevention
HIV infections--Risk factors
Intimate partner violence
Family violence--Prevention
Urban women
Minority women

description: This study describes the associations between intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV risk among urban, predominantly minority women. Interviews were conducted with 1,590 women, predominantly African American and Latina, attending hospital-based health care clinics. Approximately 1 in 5 women reported experiencing IPV in their current primary heterosexual relationships; about 1 in 8 women reported experiencing IPV in the preceding 6 months. Compared to women who reported no IPV in their primary relationships, women reporting past or current IPV perpetrated by their primary partners were more likely to report having multiple sexual partners, a past or current sexually transmitted infection (STI), inconsistent use or nonuse of condoms, and a partner with known HIV risk factors. These findings indicate that urban minority women experiencing IPV are at elevated risk for HIV infection, results that carry important implications in the efforts to improve HIV and IPV risk assessment protocols and intervention/prevention strategies for women in primary health care settings.
A synthetic tubular molecular transport system
Creators: name: Stömmer, Pierre
name: Kiefer, Henrik
name: Kopperger, Enzo
name: Honemann, Maximilian N.
name: Kube, Massimo
name: Simmel, Friedrich C.
name: Netz, Roland R.
name: Dietz, Hendrik
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: DNA nanotechnology
subject: synthetic tubular molecular transport system
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Creating artificial macromolecular transport systems that can support the movement of molecules along defined routes is a key goal of nanotechnology. Here, we report the bottom-up construction of a macromolecular transport system in which molecular pistons diffusively move through micrometer-long, hollow filaments. The pistons can cover micrometer distances in fractions of seconds. We build the system using multi-layer DNA origami and analyze the structures of the components using transmission electron microscopy. We study the motion of the pistons along the tubes using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy and perform Langevin simulations to reveal details of the free energy surface that directs the motions of the pistons. The tubular transport system achieves diffusivities and displacement ranges known from natural molecular motors and realizes mobility improvements over five orders of magnitude compared to previous artificial random walker designs. Electric fields can also be employed to actively pull the pistons along the filaments, thereby realizing a nanoscale electric rail system. Our system presents a platform for artificial motors that move autonomously driven by chemical fuels and for performing nanotribology studies, and it could form a basis for future molecular transportation networks.
Nonthermal fixed points, vortex statistics, and superfluid turbulence in an ultracold Bose gas
Creators: name: Nowak, Boris
name: Schole, Jan
name: Sexty, Dénes
name: Gasenzer, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonthermal fixed points of the dynamics of a dilute degenerate Bose gas far from thermal equilibrium are analyzed in two and three spatial dimensions. Universal power-law distributions, previously found within a nonperturbative quantum-field theoretical approach and recently shown to be related to vortical dynamics and superfluid turbulence [Phys. Rev. B 84, 020506(R) (2011)], are studied in detail. The results imply an interpretation of the scaling behavior in terms of independent vortex excitations of the superfluid and show that the statistics of topological excitations can be described in the framework of wave turbulence. The particular scaling exponents observed in the single-particle momentum distributions are found to be consistent with irreversibility as well as conservation laws obeyed by the wave interactions. Moreover, long-wavelength acoustic excitations of the vortex-bearing condensate, driven by vortex annihilations, are found to follow a nonthermal power law. Considering vortex correlations in a statistical model, the long-time departure from the nonthermal fixed point is related to vortex-antivortex pairing. The studied nonthermal fixed points are accessible in cold-gas experiments. The results shed light on fundamental aspects of superfluid turbulence and have strong potential implications for related phenomena, e.g., in early-universe inflation or quark-gluon plasma dynamics.
description: 20 pages, 23 figures
Salute, sicurezza e “nuovi” lavori: le sfide prevenzionali nella gig economy e nell’industria 4.0
Creators: name: Delogu, Angelo
Publisher: name: Diritto della sicurezza sul lavoro
Year: 2019

description: Il saggio prende in esame le forme di lavoro diffuse nell’economia digitale e nelle piattaforme telematiche, e si concentra nello specifico sulle tipologie di tutela ipotizzabili, in particolare in materia di salute e sicurezza sul lavoro, per i lavoratori ivi impiegati, tanto a diritto vigente quanto in una prospettiva di riforma.

 The essay examines the forms of work disseminated in the digital economy and on the telematic platforms, and it focuses specifically on the types of protection that can be hypothesised, particularly in the field of health and safety at work, for workers employed therein, both under current law and in a reform perspective.
description: Diritto della sicurezza sul lavoro, N. 2 (2018)
On the Inverse Source Identification Problem in L∞ for Fully Nonlinear Elliptic PDE
Creators: name: Ayanbayev, Birzhan
name: Katzourakis, Nikos
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Regularisation strategy
subject: Tykhonov regularisation
subject: Inverse source identification problem
subject: Fully nonlinear elliptic equations
subject: Calculus of Variations in L∞
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik

description: In this paper we generalise the results proved in N. Katzourakis (SIAM J. Math. Anal. 51, 1349–1370, 2019) by studying the ill-posed problem of identifying the source of a fully nonlinear elliptic equation. We assume Dirichlet data and some partial noisy information for the solution on a compact set through a fully nonlinear observation operator. We deal with the highly nonlinear nonconvex nature of the problem and the lack of weak continuity by introducing a two-parameter Tykhonov regularisation with a higher order L2 “viscosity term” for the L∞ minimisation problem which allows to approximate by weakly lower semicontinuous cost functionals.
Quantum Field Thermal Machines
Creators: name: Gluza, Marek
name: Sabino, João
name: Ng, Nelly H. Y.
name: Vitagliano, Giuseppe
name: Pezzutto, Marco
name: Omar, Yasser
name: Mazets, Igor
name: Huber, Marcus
name: Schmiedmayer, Jörg
name: Eisert, Jens
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum information processing
subject: Quantum thermodynamics
subject: Atomic gases
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Recent years have enjoyed an overwhelming interest in quantum thermodynamics, a field of research aimed at understanding thermodynamic tasks performed in the quantum regime. Further progress, however, seems to be obstructed by the lack of experimental implementations of thermal machines in which quantum effects play a decisive role. In this work, we introduce a blueprint of quantum field machines, which—once experimentally realized—would fill this gap. Even though the concept of the QFM presented here is very general and can be implemented in any many-body quantum system that can be described by a quantum field theory. We provide here a detailed proposal of how to realize a quantum machine in one-dimensional ultracold atomic gases, which consists of a set of modular operations giving rise to a piston. These can then be coupled sequentially to thermal baths, with the innovation that a quantum field takes up the role of the working fluid. In particular, we propose models for compression on the system to use it as a piston, and coupling to a bath that gives rise to a valve controlling heat flow. These models are derived within Bogoliubov theory, which allows us to study the operational primitives numerically in an efficient way. By composing the numerically modeled operational primitives we design complete quantum thermodynamic cycles that are shown to enable cooling and hence giving rise to a quantum field refrigerator. The active cooling achieved in this way can operate in regimes where existing cooling methods become ineffective. We describe the consequences of operating the machine at the quantum level and give an outlook of how this work serves as a road map to explore open questions in quantum information, quantum thermodynamic, and the study of non-Markovian quantum dynamics.
Intrusion and Anomaly Detection Model Exchange for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks
Creators: name: Cretu, Gabriela F.
name: Parekh, Janak J.
name: Wang, Ke
name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Computer science
Ad hoc networks (Computer networks)
Intrusion detection systems (Computer security)
Anomaly detection (Computer security)

description: Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs) pose unique security requirements and challenges due to their reliance on open, peer-to-peer models that often don't require authentication between nodes. Additionally, the limited processing power and battery life of the devices used in a MANET also prevent the adoption of heavy-duty cryptographic techniques. While traditional misuse-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSes) may work in a MANET, watching for packet dropouts or unknown outsiders is difficult as both occur frequently in both malicious and non-malicious traffic. Anomaly detection approaches hold out more promise, as they utilize learning techniques to adapt to the wireless environment and flag malicious data. The anomaly detection model can also create device behavior profiles, which peers can utilize to help determine its trustworthiness. However, computing the anomaly model itself is a time-consuming and processor-heavy task. To avoid this, we propose the use of model exchange as a device moves between different networks as a means to minimize computation and traffic utilization. Any node should be able to obtain peers' model(s) and evaluate it against its own model of "normal" behavior. We present this model, discuss scenarios in which it may be used, and provide preliminary results and a framework for future implementation.
Collision of "metamaterial universes": experimental realization of Minkowski domain wall
Creators: name: Smolyaninov, Igor I.
name: Hung, Yu-Ju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Minkowski domain walls are being actively considered in gravitation theory. They may form during a vacuum phase transition, or as a result of braneworld collision. Despite having interesting physical properties, Minkowski domain walls had remained in the theoretical domain only since their first introduction a few decades ago. Here we demonstrate how to make an electromagnetic analogue of a Minkowski domain wall using hyperbolic metamaterials. We analyze electromagnetic field behavior at the wall, and present a simple experimental model of Minkowski domain wall formation due to collision of two Minkowski spaces.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, this version is accepted for publication in Physics Letters A
XXV Международная научно-практическая конференция «Актуальные проблемы общества, экономики и права в контексте глобальных вызовов»
Creators: name: ООО "Институт развития образования и консалтинга"
Publisher: name: ООО "Институт развития образования и консалтинга"
Year: 2024

description: XXV Международная научно-практическая конференция «Актуальные проблемы общества, экономики и права в контексте глобальных вызовов»
Life safety modelling framework and performance measures to assess community protection systems : application to tsunami emergency preparedness and dam safety management
Creators: name: Johnstone, William McAdam
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Rapid-Onset, High-Intensity hazards such as dam failures, tsunami, flash floods, volcanic lahars, urban-wildland interface fires and industrial accidents can produce catastrophic mortality for Populations at Risk (PAR). Governments, local communities and other stakeholders can use risk management, sustainable hazards mitigation and emergency/disaster management processes before an event to establish a Community Protection System (CPS) to protect the PAR. A CPS is a system-of-systems that combines the capabilities of the natural, critical infrastructure and social infrastructure environments. Since a CPS can be expensive to establish and maintain, and since there can be many uncertainties associated with system performance, there is a need to develop reliability-based Life Safety Measures that can be used to analyse and rank alternatives, to optimize designs and to inform stakeholders. Forensic datasets that describe historic disaster outcomes generally cannot support the process of loss and survival estimation; therefore, analytical and simulation-based methods must be used to develop synthetic CPS performance data. Life Safety can be assessed using two limit state equations that assess the sufficiency of time and the sufficiency of protection offered to individuals in the hazard impact zone. These equations consider causal event chains, spatial pathways, network interdependencies, management decisions, differential vulnerabilities, individual decisions and emergent/non-linear systems behaviours. The performance estimates can be estimated and visualized using a Life Safety Performance Space and a time-dependent Life Safety State Space. A Systems Modelling Framework is developed to guide the integration of the analytical and systems simulation models used to estimate mortality and survival. The framework combines concepts from systems engineering, systems safety, Geographic Information Systems, systems simulation, critical infrastructure modelling, hazards research and disaster research. The resulting probabilistic-causal-quantitative framework provides a basis for developing estimates that are transparent and defensible. Detailed theoretical formulations of the Systems Modelling Framework and the Life Safety Measures are developed. A series of hypothetical examples are used to demonstrate the methods. Applications are developed for tsunami preparedness and dam safety at the macro-, meso- and micro-resolutions. The tsunami example considers the Cascadia Subduction Zone tsunami hazard. The dam safety examples consider the St. Francis and Malpasset Dam Failures.
Toward Early-Warning Detection of Gravitational Waves from Compact Binary Coalescence
Creators: name: Cannon, Kipp
name: Cariou, Romain
name: Chapman, Adrian
name: Crispin-Ortuzar, Mireia
name: Fotopoulos, Nickolas
name: Frei, Melissa
name: Hanna, Chad
name: Kara, Erin
name: Keppel, Drew
name: Liao, Laura
name: Privitera, Stephen
name: Searle, Antony
name: Singer, Leo
name: Weinstein, Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rapid detection of compact binary coalescence (CBC) with a network of advanced gravitational-wave detectors will offer a unique opportunity for multi-messenger astronomy. Prompt detection alerts for the astronomical community might make it possible to observe the onset of electromagnetic emission from (CBC). We demonstrate a computationally practical filtering strategy that could produce early-warning triggers before gravitational radiation from the final merger has arrived at the detectors.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, published in ApJ. Reformatted preprint with emulateapj
Continuous-time quantum computing
Creators: name: Callison, Adam
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Quantum computation using continuous-time evolution under a natural hardware Hamiltonian is a promising near- and mid-term direction toward powerful quantum computing hardware. Continuous-time quantum computing (CTQC) encompasses continuous-time quantum walk computing (QW), adiabatic quantum computing (AQC), and quantum annealing (QA), as well as other strategies which contain elements of these three. While much of current quantum computing research focuses on the discrete-time gate model, which has an appealing similarity to the discrete logic of classical computation, the continuous nature of quantum information suggests that continuous-time quantum information processing is worth exploring. A versatile context for CTQC is the transverse Ising model, and this thesis will explore the application of Ising model CTQC to classical optimization problems. Classical optimization problems have industrial and scientific significance, including in logistics, scheduling, medicine, cryptography, hydrology and many other areas. Along with the fact that such problems often have straightforward, natural mappings onto the interactions of readily-available Ising model hardware makes classical optimization a fruitful target for CTQC algorithms. After introducing and explaining the CTQC framework in detail, in this thesis I will, through a combination of numerical, analytical, and experimental work, examine the performance of various forms of CTQC on a number of different optimization problems, and investigate the underlying physical mechanisms by which they operate.
Mapping common deleted regions on 5p15 in cervical carcinoma and their occurrence in precancerous lesions
Creators: name: Arias-Pulido, Hugo
name: Narayan, Gopeshwar
name: Vargas, Hernan
name: Mansukhani, Mahesh M.
name: Vundavalli, Murty V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Cervix uteri--Cancer
Carcinogenesis
Cytogenetics
Genomics

description: Background: Previous studies have shown that the short arm of chromosome 5 (5p) exhibit frequent genetic changes in invasive cervical carcinoma (CC), and that these changes arise early during the carcinogenesis, in precancerous lesions. These data therefore suggest that loss of candidate tumor suppressor genes located on 5p is associated with the development of CC. However, the precise location of 5p deletions is not known. Results: We performed a detailed deletion mapping of 5p in 60 cases of invasive CC. We found that 60% of the tumors exhibit a 5p loss of heterozygosity (LOH). The patterns of LOH allowed us to identify two minimal regions of deletions, one at 5p15.3 spanning a 5.5 cM genetic distance and a second site of 7 cM at 5p15.2-15.3. In addition, we also identified 5p deletions in 16% lesions of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). 5p LOH was found in 63% of HPV 16 positive tumors, while only 33% tumors with other HPV-types had 5p LOH. The differences in frequency of 5p LOH between tumors harboring HPV16 in combination with other HPV types and tumors harboring HPV16 DNA alone were significantly higher, suggesting a synergistic effect of high-risk types in causing genomic instability. Conclusion: These findings implicate the presence of tumor suppressor gene(s) on 5p relevant to CC tumorigenesis.
Reducing sexual HIV/STI risk and harmful alcohol use among sex workers in Mongolia:a randomized clinical trial
Creators: name: Witte, Susan S.
name: Altantsetseg, Batsukh
name: Aira, Toivgoo
name: Riedel, Marion
name: Chen, Jiehua
name: Potocnik Medina, Katie
name: El-Bassel, Nabila
name: Wu, Elwin
name: Gilbert, Louisa
name: Carlson, Catherine E.
name: Yao, Hanfei
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: HIV infections—Prevention
HIV infections--Risk factors
Alcohol
Prostitutes

description: This study examined the efficacy of an enhanced intervention to reduce sexual risk of HIV/STI and harmful alcohol use among female sex workers in Mongolia. Women (n = 166) were recruited and randomized to either (1) a relationship-based HIV sexual risk reduction intervention; (2) the same sexual risk reduction intervention plus motivational interviewing; or (3) a control condition focused on wellness promotion. At three and six month follow-up, both treatment interventions and the wellness promotion condition were effective in reducing the percentage and the number of unprotected acts of vaginal sex with paying partners in the past 90 days. All three conditions demonstrated efficacy in reducing harmful alcohol use. No significant differences in effects were observed between conditions. Findings suggest that even low impact behavioral interventions can achieve considerable reductions of HIV/STI risk and harmful alcohol use with a highly vulnerable population in a low resourced setting.
Lack of PTEN sequesters CHK1 and initiates genetic instability
Creators: name: Puc, Janusz
name: Keniry, Megan
name: Li, Hong Shen
name: Pandita, Tej K.
name: Choudhury, Atish D.
name: Memeo, Lorenzo
name: Mansukhani, Mahesh M.
name: Vundavalli, Murty V.
name: Gaciong, Zbigniew
name: Meek, Sarah E.M.
name: Piwnica-Worms, Helen
name: Hibshoosh, Hanina
name: Parsons, Ramon E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Cytogenetics
Genomics
Carcinogenesis
Phosphorylation

description: Pten−/− cells display a partially defective checkpoint in response to ionizing radiation (IR). The checkpoint defect was traced to the ability of AKT to phosphorylate CHK1 at serine 280, since a nonphosphorylated mutant of CHK1 (S280A) complemented the checkpoint defect and restored CDC25A degradation. CHK1 phosphorylation at serine 280 led to cova- lent binding of 1 to 2 molecules of ubiquitin and cytoplasmic CHK1 localization. Primary breast carcinomas lacking PTEN expression and having elevated AKT phosphorylation had increased cytoplasmic CHK1 and displayed aneuploidy (p < 0.005). We conclude that loss of PTEN and subsequent activation of AKT impair CHK1 through phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and reduced nuclear localization to promote genomic instability in tumor cells.
A top-down approach to understand the fire performance of building facades using standard test data
Creators: name: Bonner, Matthew
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Designing the outer walls of a building – its facade – is a complex, multi-objective problem. While some design objectives, like weight, are easily quantified others, like fire safety, are harder to assess, making it difficult to compare facades in that objective. A move to more complex facades with novel materials has led the number of facade fires to quadruple over the last 3 decades. Current fire safety literature has no way to accurately predict the performance of a facade from its individual components, therefore the only way to test whether a facade system is safe is to run a large-scale fire test. Thousands of these tests are run internationally each year, subjecting different facades to different fire scenarios depending on the country, but data from these tests are locked away, missing an opportunity to learn from this untapped source of knowledge. This thesis taps into that source for the first time by presenting a unique database of 384 facade tests, named KRESNIK. We analysed this database using a top-down, statistical approach, and found that facades with combustible cladding and a cavity generally performed worse in these tests. These trends were investigated further in a parametric series of 20 intermediate-scale experiments on facades with different cladding and insulation materials, with and without a cavity. These experiments were analysed using a novel method to measure the heat released through visible flames in a fire from regular camera footage. We refer to this quantity as visual fire power. KRESNIK was also used to compare, for the first time, the behaviour of similar facades tested using different test standards, finding that different standards could not agree on how to rank the same facades. This work demonstrates the power of a top-down approach to tackle fire safety using data that already exists.
On Social Credit and the Right To Be Unnetworked
Creators: name: Packin, Nizan Geslevich
name: Lev-Aretz, Yafit
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Social credit
subject: Social media--Economic aspects
subject: Consumer protection--Law and legislation
subject: Online social networks in business

description: Tell me who your friends are and I will tell you who you are. This ancient social philosophy is at the heart of a new financial technology system—social credit. In recent years, loosely regulated marketplace lenders have increasingly developed methods to rank individuals, including those traditionally considered unscored or credit-less. Specifically, some lenders build their score-generating algorithms around behavioral data gleaned from social media and social networking information, including the quantity and quality of social media presence, the identity and features of the applicant’s contacts, the applicant’s online social ties and interactions, the applicant’s contacts’ financial standing, the applicant’s personality attributes as extracted from her online footprints, and more. This Article studies the potential consequences of social credit systems predicated on a simple transaction: authorized use of highly personal information in return for better interest rates. Following a detailed description of emerging social credit systems, the Article analyzes the inclination of rational and irrational customers to be socially active online and/or disclose all their online social-related information for financial ranking purposes. This examination includes, inter alia, consumers’ preferences as well as mistakes, gamesmanship, and consumers’ self-doxing or lack thereof. The Article then moves to discuss policy challenges triggered by social-based financial ranking that may become the new creditworthiness baseline criteria. It focuses on (i) direct privacy harms to loan seekers, and derivative privacy harm to loan seekers’ online contacts or followers, (ii) online social segregation potentially mirrored by offline social polarization, and (iii) due process violations derived from algorithmic decision-making and unsupervised machine learning. The Article concludes by making a significant normative contribution, introducing a limited “right to be unnetworked,” to accommodate the welcomed aspects of social credit systems while mitigating many of their undesired consequences.
Anomalous Payload-Based Worm Detection and Signature Generation
Creators: name: Wang, Ke
name: Cretu, Gabriela F.
name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Computer science

description: New features of the PAYL anomalous payload detection sensor are demonstrated to accurately detect and generate signatures for zero-day worms. Experimental evidence demonstrates that site-specific packet content models are capable of detecting new worms with high accuracy in a collaborative security system. A new approach is proposed that correlates ingress/egress payload alerts to identify the worm's initial propagation. The method also enables automatic signature generation that can be deployed immediately to network firewalls and content filters to proactively protect other hosts. We also propose a collaborative privacy-preserving security strategy whereby different hosts can exchange PAYL signatures to increase accuracy and mitigate against false positives. The important principle demonstrated is that correlating multiple alerts identifies true positives from the set of anomaly alerts and reduces incorrect decisions producing accurate mitigation.
Densest columnar structures of hard spheres from sequential deposition
Creators: name: Chan, Ho-Kei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rich variety of densest columnar structures of identical hard spheres inside a cylinder can surprisingly be constructed from a simple and computationally fast sequential deposition of cylinder-touching spheres, if the cylinder-to-sphere diameter ratio D is within [1,2.7013]. This provides a direction for theoretically deriving all these densest structures and for constructing such densest packings with nano-, micro-, colloidal or charged particles, which all self-assemble like hard spheres.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
A Comparative Evaluation of Two Algorithms for Windows Registry Anomaly Detection
Creators: name: Stolfo, Salvatore
name: Apap, Frank
name: Eskin, Eleazar
name: Heller, Katherine
name: Hershkop, Shlomo
name: Honig, Andrew
name: Svore, Krysta
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Computer science

description: We present a component anomaly detector for a host-based intrusion detection system (IDS) for Microsoft Windows. The core of the detector is a learning-based anomaly detection algorithm that detects attacks on a host machine by looking for anomalous accesses to the Windows Registry. We present and compare two anomaly detection algorithms for use in our IDS system and evaluate their performance. One algorithm called PAD, for Probabilistic Anomaly Detection, is based upon a probability density estimation while the second uses the Support Vector Machine framework. The key idea behind the detector is to first train a model of normal Registry behavior on a Windows host, even when noise may be present in the training data, and use this model to detect abnormal Registry accesses. At run-time the model is used to check each access to the Registry in real-time to determine whether or not the behavior is abnormal and possibly corresponds to an attack. The system is effective in detecting the actions of malicious software while maintaining a low rate of false alarms. We show that the probabilistic anomaly detection algorithm exhibits better performance in accuracy and in computational complexity over the support vector machine implementation under three different kernel functions.
title: Reconciling single‐species management objectives in an integrated mixed‐fisheries framework for avoiding overquota catches Main outcomes of the FP6 AFRAME project
Creators: name: Ulrich, Clara
name: Garcia, Dorleta
name: Damalas, Dimitrios
name: Frost, Hans
name: Hoff, Ayoe
name: HilleRisLambers, Reinier
name: Maravelias, Christos
name: Reeves, Stuart
name: Santurtun, Marina
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session M
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Technologies and data

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.It is acknowledged that single‐species management is a source of discarding in mixed‐fisheries, because individual management objectives may not be consistent with each other, while the species are caught simultaneously in non selective fishing operations. As such, the TAC of a species may be exhausted before the TAC of another species, leading to catches of valuable fish which cannot be legally landed. This important issue has though never been quantitatively accounted for in the traditional ICES advice.
Quark-meson-diquark model for two-color QCD
Creators: name: Strodthoff, Nils
name: Schaefer, Bernd-Jochen
name: von Smekal, Lorenz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a two-flavor quark-meson-diquark model for two-color QCD and its extensions to include gauge-field dynamics as described by the Polakov loop. Grand potential and phase structure are being studied both in mean-field approximation and with the functional renormalization group. The model provides an explicit example for the importance of baryonic degrees of freedom: When they are omitted, the phase diagram closely resembles that of the corresponding (Polyakov)-quark-meson models for QCD, in particular including their critical endpoint. In order to reproduce the well established main features based on the symmetries and breaking patterns of two-color QCD, however, they must be included and there is no critical endpoint. The competing dynamics of collective mesonic and baryonic fluctuations is well described by the functional renormalization group equation in lowest order derivative expansion for the effective potential which we solve numerically on a two-dimensional grid in field space.
description: 22 pages, pdflatex, 11 pdf figures; v2: minor revisions to the text, one additional figure, accepted for publication in PRD
Efficacy of a savings-led microfinance intervention to reduce sexual risk for HIV among women engaged in sex work: A randomized clinical trial
Creators: name: Witte, Susan S.
name: Aira, Toivgoo
name: Tsai, Laura Cordisco
name: Riedel, Marion
name: Offringa, Reid
name: Chang, Mingway P.
name: El-Bassel, Nabila
name: Ssewamala, Fred M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: HIV infections—Prevention
HIV infections--Risk factors
Microfinance
Prostitutes

description: Objectives. We tested whether a structural intervention combining savings-led microfinance and HIV prevention components would achieve enhanced reductions in sexual risk among women engaging in street-based sex work in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, compared with an HIV prevention intervention alone.

Methods. Between November 2011 and August 2012, we randomized 107 eligible women who completed baseline assessments to either a 4-session HIV sexual risk reduction intervention (HIVSRR) alone (n = 50) or a 34-session HIVSRR plus a savings-led microfinance intervention (n = 57). At 3- and 6-month followup assessments, participants reported unprotected acts of vaginal intercourse with paying partners and number of paying partners with whom they engaged in sexual intercourse in the previous 90 days. Using Poisson and zero-inflated Poisson model regressions, we examined the effects of assignment to treatment versus control condition on outcomes.

Results. At 6-month follow-up, the HIVSRR plus microfinance participants reported significantly fewer paying sexual partners and were more likely to report zero unprotected vaginal sex acts with paying sexual partners. Conclusions. Findings advance the HIV prevention repertoire for women, demonstrating that risk reduction may be achieved through a structural intervention that relies on asset building, including savings, and alternatives to income from sex work.
Eichler integrals for Maass cusp forms of half-integral weight
Creators: name: Mühlenbruch, Tobias
name: Raji, Wissam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 11F37, Secondary 11F25, 11F72

description: In this paper, we define and discuss Eichler integrals for Maass cusp forms of half-integral weight on the full modular group. We discuss nearly periodic functions associated to the Eichler integrals, introduce period functions for such Maass cusp forms, and show that the nearly periodic functions and the period functions are closely related. Those functions are extensions of the periodic functions and period functions for Maass cusp forms of weight 0 on the full modular group introduced by Lewis and Zagier.
description: 28 pages; several typos and errors are corrected
Second-Generation Monopolization: Parallel Exclusion in Derivatives Markets
Creators: name: Chang, Felix B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Monopolies
subject: Oligopolies
subject: Antitrust law
subject: Derivative securities

description: The reluctance of antitrust to condemn parallel exclusion permits oligopolies to be entrenched. This is because parallel exclusion—multiple-firm conduct that inhibits market entrants—cannot satisfy the current strictures on monopolization, which are understood to prohibit single-firm conduct. Yet this is an outdated way of conceptualizing monopolization. An expansion of monopolization—to cover parallel, non-collusive acts by an oligopoly—is due. To push the law toward recognizing parallel exclusion, this Article examines concentration in the markets for financial derivatives, which are perennially dominated by the same big banks. Even after losses under first-generation antitrust claims, the dominant derivatives dealers have found ways to retain market power. This Article therefore delves into the market power dynamics that traditional theories have sidestepped. As a technical exercise, this Article illustrates the relevance of market definition as a paradigm—particularly for illuminating blind spots in financial regulation. As a doctrinal endeavor, this Article buttresses the efforts of other scholars to frame parallel exclusion as a form of monopolization.
GALINI: an extensible solver for mixed-integer quadratically-constrained problems
Creators: name: Ceccon, Francesco
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Many industrial relevant optimization problems can be formulated as Mixed-Integer Quadratically Constrained Problems. This class of problems are difficult to solve because of 1) the non-convex bilinear terms 2) integer variables. This thesis develops the Python library \suspect{} for detecting special structure (monotonicity and convexity) of Pyomo models. This library can be extended to provide specialized detection for complex expressions. As a motivating example, we show how the library can be used to detect the convexity of the reciprocal of the log mean temperature difference. This thesis introduces GALINI: a novel solver that is easy to extend at runtime with new 1) cutting planes, 2) primal heuristics, 3) branching strategies, 4) node selection strategies, and 5) relaxations.GALINI uses Pyomo to represent optimization problems, this decision makes it possible to integrate with the existing Pyomo ecosystem to provide, for example, building blocks for relaxations. We test the solver on two large datasets and show that the performance is comparable to existing open source solvers. Finally, we present a library to formulate pooling problems, a class of network flow problems, using Pyomo. The library provides a mechanism to automatically generate the PQ-formulation for pooling problems. Since the library keeps the knowledge of the original network, it can 1) use a mixed-integer programming primal heuristic specialized for the pooling problem to find a feasible solution, and 2) generate valid cuts for the pooling problem. We use this library to develop an extension for GALINI that uses the mixed-integer programming primal heuristic to find a feasible solution and that generates cuts at every node of the branch & cut algorithm. We test GALINI with the pooling extensions on large scale instances of the pooling problem and show that we obtain results that are comparable to or better than the best available commercial solver on dense instances.
MPEC 2023-N01 : OBSERVATIONS AND ORBITS OF COMETS AND A/ OBJECTS
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: OBSERVATIONS AND ORBITS OF COMETS AND A/ OBJECTS

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
The Minimal Solution to the mu/B_mu Problem in Gauge Mediation
Creators: name: Kang, Zhaofeng
name: Li, Tianjun
name: Liu, Tao
name: Yang, Jin Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a minimal solution to the mu/B_mu problem in the gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking by introducing a Standard Model singlet filed S with a mass around the messenger scale which couples to the Higgs and messenger fields. This singlet is nearly supersymmetric and acquires a relatively small Vacuum Expectation Value (VEV) from its radiatively generated tadpole term. Consequently, both mu and B_mu parameters receive the tree-level and one-loop contributions, which are comparable due to the small S VEV. Because there exists a proper cancellation in such two kinds of contributions to B_mu, we can have a viable Higgs sector for electroweak symmetry breaking.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures, version published on JHEP
Distinguishing dynamic and static yield stress of fresh cement mortars through thixotropy
Creators: name: Qian, Ye
name: Kawashima, Shiho
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Cement
Mortar
Strains and stresses--Measurement
Thixotropy

description: The dynamic and static yield stress of fresh cement mortar were measured in a rotational rheometer with a vane geometry using shear rate and shear stress-controlled protocols, respectively. Through a shear rate-controlled steady-state protocol, the equilibrium flow curve is measured and fitted with the Bingham model to obtain dynamic yield stress. A negative slope in the equilibrium flow curve, shear banding and stick-slip phenomena are observed and discussed. Through a stress-controlled creep-recovery protocol, viscosity bifurcation behavior is captured and static yield stress is marked as the creep stress when the bifurcation occurs. Finally, the discrepancy between dynamic and static yield stress is tied to thixotropy.
Special Legendrian submanifolds in toric Sasaki-Einstein manifolds
Creators: name: Moriyama, Takayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C52, 53C40

description: We show that every toric Sasaki-Einstein manifold $S$ admits a special Legendrian submanifold $L$ which arises as the link ${\rm fix}(τ)\cap S$ of the fixed point set ${\rm fix}(τ)$ of an anti-holomorphic involution $τ$ on the cone $C(S)$. In particular, an irregular toric Sasaki-Einstein manifold $S^{2}\times S^{3}$ has a special Legendrian torus $S^{1}\times S^{1}$. Moreover, we also obtain a special Legendrian submanifold in $\sharp m(S^{2}\times S^{3})$ for each $m\ge 1$.
description: 21 pages
Crenitulus solstitialis
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Liza M.
name: García-Hernández, Andrea L.
name: Clarkson, Bruno
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Hydrophilidae
Crenitulus
Crenitulus solstitialis

description: Crenitulus solstitialis (Kirsch, 1873) (Figs 3, 26) Hydrobius solstitialis Kirsch 1873: 133. Paracymus solstitialis (Kirsch) — Zaitzev 1908: 380; generic assignment. Anacaena solstitialis (Kirsch) — Orchymont 1933: 304; generic assignment. Anacaena perplexa Orchymont 1942: 39. Anacaena perspicua Orchymont 1942: 40. Crenitulus solstitialis (Kirsch) — Fikáček and Vondráček 2014: 502.
description: Published as part of Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Liza M., García-Hernández, Andrea L. & Clarkson, Bruno, 2017, First records of water scavenger beetle species (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from Quindío Department, Colombia, pp. 605-620 in Check List 13 (5) on page 609, DOI: 10.15560/13.5.605
description: {"references": ["Kirsch TFW (1873) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Peruanischen Kaferfauna auf Dr Abendroth's Sammllmgen basirt. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift 17: 121 - 152.", "Zaitzev FA (1908) Catalogue des coleopteres aquatiques des familles Dryopidae, Georyssidae, Cyathoceridae, Heteroceridae et Hydrophilidae. Horae Societatis entomologicae Rossiae 38: 283 - 420.", "Orchymont A d' (1933) Contribution a l'etude des Palpicornia VIII. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 73: 271 - 273.", "Orchymont A d' (1942) Contribution a l'etude de la tribu Hydrobiini Bedel, specialement de sa sous-tribu Hydrobiae (Palpicornia - Hydrophilidae). Memoires du Musee royal d' Histoire naturelle de Belgique 24 (2): 1 - 68.", "Fikacek M, Vondracek D (2014) A review of Pseudorygmodus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), with notes on the classification of the Ana- caenini and on distribution of genera endemic to southern South America. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2): 479 - 514."]}
9–10 és 11–12 éves tanulók viszonyulása közmondásainkhoz, szólásainkhoz, szóláshasonlatainkhoz
Creators: name: H. Tóth, István
Publisher: name: Debreceni Egyetem
Year: 2016

description: Különleges Bánásmód, vol. 2. issue 2. ISSN 2498-5368