Bromeloecia undulata Yau & Marshall 2018, sp. n.
Creators: name: Yau, Tiffany
name: Marshall, Stephen A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sphaeroceridae
Bromeloecia
Bromeloecia undulata

description: Bromeloecia undulata Yau and Marshall sp. n.
(Figs. 12.1–12.14)
Description: Body length 0.9–1.3 mm (males), 1.1–1.6 mm (females).
Head: Interfrontal setae in 5 pairs. Length of anterior fronto-orbital seta subequal to posterior seta. Flagellomere 1 with 1 long pit on basal outer edge. Genal height 0.6x eye height.
Wing: Angle between costa and R4+5 70°. Distance between radial fork and r-m 2.7x length of r-m; dm-cu subqual to length of r-m and distance between crossveins 0.5x length of dm-cu. M-pseudovein slightly bent towards costa, leveling off in distal half and ending close to wing margin.
WIPs: Basal angle of distal spot wide, 85°.
Legs: Fore femur posteroventrally with a row of 7–8 stout setae along most of length. Ventral surface of mid tibia with a small middle seta and a large apical seta.
Male abdomen and terminalia: Anteroventral arm of synsternite 6+7 wavy, apex plow-shaped; posteroventral lobe simple with anteroventral edge sclerotized. Subepandrial sclerite reduced to simple π-shape. Cerci slender, basolaterally sandwiched by large out-turned spurs. Surstylus with 3 well-sclerotized wide flattened setae of different sizes, partly overlapping each other, shielding a posteromedial short blunt spur.
Hypandrium rectangular with sclerotized anterior hypandrial apodeme on anterior two thirds; hypandrial arms broad. Ejaculatory apodeme distally finger-like, basally divided; ejaculatory bulb forming a ring round the basal division. Distiphallus WS apically forked anteriorly and posteriorly; well sclerotized basally with H-shaped anterior extension; LFS strong and wide, with thin ventromedial process; FDS weakly sclerotized, apically forked; SDS long, bent medially to form an open arch.
Female abdomen and terminalia: Female T6 with extended posterolateral corners, setae concentrated on wellsclerotized lateral triangular patch on each side of tergite. Each half of T8 ovoid, with 1 large and 5 smaller setae. Epiproct glossy on lateral eighths, otherwise covered with microtrichia. Cercus triangular, outer margin folded inwards. Each spermatheca with apical and basal thimble-shaped pit, spermathecal ducts with mid-length swelling.
Type specimens: Holotype: ♂: ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: 11 km SE San Lorenzo, La Chiquita, 5 m, dung trap, 10–11 Jun 1975, S. Peck (QCAZ).
Paratypes: ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: La Chiquita, dung, 7–8 Jun 1975, S. Peck (8♂, 9♀, QCAZ, DEBU); La Chiquita, 11 km SE San Lorenzo, 5 m, dung trap, 6–7 Jun 1975, S. Peck (5♂, 5♀, QCAZ, DEBU); 17 km SE San Lorenzo, La Chiquita, 5 m, dung trap, 7–8 Jun 1975, S. Peck (1♀, DEBU); same as holotype (9♂, 12♀, QCAZ, DEBU); La Chiquita, 11 km SE San Lorenzo, 5 m, carrion trap, 10 Jun 1975, S. Peck (1♂, 1♀, DEBU); ditto, 9–10 Jun 1975 (6♂, 9♀, QCAZ, DEBU); Guayas: 78 km N Santa Elena, 27 km S Puerto López, 500ʹ, dung trap, 25–27 Jul 1976, S. Peck (1♂, DEBU); Napo: Jatun Sacha Res., 6 km E Misahuallí, 01°04ʹ00ʺS, 077°37ʹ00ʺW, várzea, 450 m, dung pans, 1–2 May 2002, Buck & Lonsdale (1♂, 3♀, DEBU); ditto, 2–7 May 2002, M. Buck (1♀, DEBU); Jatun Sacha Res., 6 km E Misahuallí, 01°04ʹ00ʺS, 077°37ʹ00ʺW, pond edge, 450 m, Malaise, 1–4 May 2002, Marshall, Paiero & Lonsdale (2♀, DEBU); 12 km SW Tena, dung trap, 8–11 Aug 1976 (1♂, 1♀, DEBU); ditto, 500 m (13♂, 14♀, QCAZ, DEBU); ditto, S. Peck (5♂, 3♀, DEBU); Pichincha: Maquipucuna Biol. Res., river trail, 1200 m, sweeping, 29 Oct 1999, S. A. Marshall (1♀, DEBU); Rio Palenque Station, 47 km S Santo Domingo, 1° lowland rainforest, 160 m, Malaise head, 30 Apr–5 May 1987, L. Coote & B. Brown (1♂, DEBU); 16 km SE Santo Domingo, Tinalandia, 680 m, dung trap, 21–22 Jun 1975, S. Peck (3♂, 4♀, DEBU); ditto, pasture, 28–29 Jun 1975 (1♂, 1♀, DEBU); ditto, forest, 16–28 Jun 1975 (1♀, DEBU); 22.7 km E Tandapi, mass forest, 8000ʹ, dung trap, 24–29 Jun 1975, S. Peck (1♀, DEBU).
Other material examined: BRAZIL: Londrina: Mata dos Godoy, 28–31 Jun 1990, S. A. Marshall (1♂, 3♀, DEBU); Minas Gerais: 1 km E Lavras, in ditch dung traps, 18–20 Feb 1990, S. A. Marshall (1♂, 3♀, DEBU); Tiradentes, Serra de Tiradentes, human dung trap, 16 Feb 1990, S. A. Marshall (1♀, DEBU); Parana: Curitiba, FIT in woods behind Natural History Museum, 5–9 Feb 1990, S. A. Marshall (4♂, 2♀, DEBU); Curitiba, 30 km SE BR 277, dung trap, 6–9 Feb 1990, S. A. Marshall (4♂, 9♀, DEBU); Palmas, Linha Alegna, Fazenda Cerro Chato, 26°30ʹ09ʺS, 051°40ʹ13ʺW, 1224 m, on hill in campo, Malaise trap, 3–4 Mar 2015, Savaris & Norrbom (1♂, USNM). BOLIVIA: La Paz: Arroyo Tuhiri W Mapiri, 15°17ʹ27ʺS, 068°15ʹ29ʺW, 10 Apr 2001, S. A. Marshall (4♂, 4♀, DEBU); Coroico, 16°11ʹ23ʺS, 067°43ʹ36ʺW, grassy slope, 1700 m, dung traps, 5 Apr 2001, S. A. Marshall (1♂, 2♀, DEBU); San Antonio, ca. 8 km S Mapiri, 15°20ʹ56ʺS, 068°13ʹ31ʺW, secondary forest, dung trap, 11 Apr 2001, S. A. Marshall (1♀, DEBU); Santa Cruz: Potrerillo de Guerra, 17°40ʹ49ʺS, 063°27ʹ36ʺW, 4–7 Apr 1998, H. & A. Howden (3♀, DEBU). COLOMBIA: Amazonas: Leticia, 28 Feb 1974, V. Nealis (2♂, DEBU); Norte de Santander: 3 mi N Chinacota, 3000ʹ, 8–10 Jun 1974, S. Peck (4♂, 1♀, DEBU); 2 mi N Chinacota, 3000ʹ, carrion, 12–14 May 1974, S. Peck (1♂, DEBU); 20 mi S Cúcuta Quebrada Honda, 2500ʹ, carrion trap, 13–15 May 1974, S. Peck (7♂, 6♀, DEBU). COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Florencia, forest, dung trap, 28 Feb 1980, H. Howden (3♀, 5♀, DEBU); Cartago: Turrialba Catie, Florence forest, 600 m, cup traps, 28 Feb 1980, H. & A. Howden (1♂, DEBU); Turrialba Catie, 600 m, 26 Feb 1980, H. & A. Howden (1♂, DEBU); Limon: Estrella Valley, Pandora, carrion trap, 20 Feb 1984, H. Howden (12♂, 11♀, DEBU). ECUADOR: Pichincha: 113 km via Puerto Quito, 738–817 m, dung trap, 25–29 Aug 1976, J. Cohen (1♂, DEBU); 16 km SE Santo Domingo, Tinalandia, 680 m, dung trap, 19–20 Jun 1975, S. Peck (6♂, DEBU). GRENADA: St. George: Grand Etang Forest, 12°05ʹ00ʺS, 061°42ʹ00ʺW, 460 m, dung traps, 7–8 Oct 1995, B. D. Gill (1♂, 4♀, DEBU). GUYANA: Mazaruni-Potaro: Tukeit Falls, Potaro R., 1° rainforest, 300ʹ, human dung trap, 27–29 Nov 1990, B. Hubley (1♂, DEBU); E. side Potaro R., downstrem Tukeit Falls, 1° rainforest clearing along river, 300ʹ, Malaise-fine, 26–30 Nov 1990, B. Hubley (1♂, DEBU). PANAMA: Colón: Santa Rita Ridge, 10 mi SE Colón, 270 m, dung trap, 10–12 Jun 1977, S. Peck (1♀, DEBU); Panamá: Canal Zone, Madden Forest, carrion trap, 10–13 Jun 1977, S. Peck (5♂, 5♀, DEBU). PERU: Madre de Dios: Amazonas Lodge, N of Atalaya, 12°52ʹ12ʺS, 071°22ʹ36ʺW, 480 m, FIT, 10–13 Nov 2007, D. Brzoska (1♀, DEBU). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: Eastern Tobago: 10 km NE Roxborough, Gilpin Trail, rainforest, 450 m, carrion trap, 26–31 Jun 1993, S. & J. Peck (2♂, 1♀, DEBU); St. George: Arimaward, NY Zoological Society Station, pig dung trap, 11 Jun 1977, R. Woodruff (3♂, 1♀, DEBU). VENEZUELA: Bolívar: 135 km S El Dorado, 1400 m, dung trap, 20 Jul–7 Aug 1986, B. Gill (3♂, 1♀, DEBU); km 40 Santa Elena Icabaru Rd., 220 m, 4–6 Aug 1986, B. Gill (3♂, DEBU); ditto, 1000 m (2♂, 4♀, DEBU); ditto, 100 m (2♀, DEBU); Quebrada de Jaspe, 19–20 Jul 1986, B. Gill (9♀, DEBU); Mérida: FIT, 1989, S. Peck (1♀, DEBU); Táchira: 20 km NE San Cristóbal, 4000ʹ, dung trap, 18–22 May 1974, S. Peck (1♂, 1♀, DEBU). BARBADOS: Saint Andrews: Turner Hall Woods, dung trap, 21 Feb 1979, S. Peck (4♀, DEBU); Saint Thomas: Welchman Hall Gully, dung trap, Feb 1979, S. Peck (3♂, 2♀, DEBU); Welchman Hall Gully, 250 m, carrion moist wood, 20–25 Feb 1979, S. & J. Peck (3♀, DEBU).
Etymology: Bromeloecia undulata is named for the wavy M-shaped anteroventral arm of synsternite 6+7 (Latin ‘undulatus’: wavy)
Comments: B. undulata is a widespread species found in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. Males can be easily distinguished from the remaining B. wolverinei species group by the wavy arm of synsternite 6+7 and the wide flattened surstylar setae. Females are distinguished from other members of the species group by the extended posterolateral corners on the very well-sclerotized patches on T6. When the surstyli are tucked into the genital pouch and synsternite 6+7 is obstructed by legs or S5, one can still sometimes identify males of B. undulata by the comparatively convex (in contrast to B. triunguia and B. wolverinei) and short (in contrast to B. brachium) subanal plate.
description: Published as part of Yau, Tiffany & Marshall, Stephen A., 2018, A revision of the genus Bromeloecia Spuler (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae), pp. 1-115 in Zootaxa 4445 (1) on pages 59-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4445.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454109