cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Planck-scale constraints on anisotropic Lorentz and CPT invariance violations from optical polarization measurements
Creators: name: Kislat, Fabian
name: Krawczynski, Henric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lorentz invariance is the fundamental symmetry of Einstein's theory of special relativity, and has been tested to great level of detail. However, theories of quantum gravity at the Planck scale indicate that Lorentz symmetry may be broken at that scale motivating further tests. While the Planck energy is currently unreachable by experiment, tiny residual effects at attainable energies can become measurable when photons propagate over sufficiently large distances. The Standard-Model Extension (SME) is an effective field theory approach to describe low-energy effects of quantum gravity theories. Lorentz and CPT symmetry violating effects are introduced by adding additional terms to the Standard Model Lagrangian. These terms can be ordered by the mass dimension of the corresponding operator, and the leading terms of interest have dimension d = 5. Effects of these operators are a linear variation of the speed of light with photon energy, and a rotation of the linear polarization of photons quadratic in photon energy, as well as anisotropy. We analyzed optical polarization data from 72 AGN and GRBs and derived the first set of limits on all 16 coefficients of mass dimension d = 5 of the SME photon sector. Our constraints imply a lower limit on the energy scale of quantum gravity of $10^6$ times the Planck energy, severly limiting the phase space for any theory that predicts a rotation of the photon polarization quadratic in energy.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
TENDENCIAS EN LA INVESTIGACIÓN ENFOCADA EN LA GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL Y LA SOSTENIBILIDAD BASADA EN SCOPUS ENTRE 2018 - 2022
Creators: name: Escorcia, Rossember Saldaña
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Sustainability, bibliometrics, environmental management, scientific production

description: Environmental management and sustainability have become increasingly important topics worldwide due to the growing concern about the environmental impact of human activities. Objective: to analyze the scientific trend on environmental management and sustainability by means of a bibliometric mapping. Methods: The data were obtained from the specialized database Scopus© Elsevier B.V. through the search algorithm (["environmental management" OR "environmental governance" OR "sustainable management"] AND ["sustainable" OR " environmental sustainability" OR "sustainability"] covering the years 2018 to 2022; with which the construction of strategic diagrams was executed using the VOSviewer software. Results: During the analysis period, Scopus© yielded a total of 4,219 publications focused on the subject. Likewise, the review showed that the Chinese Academy of Sciences is the leading institution with 67 publications as well as indicating that China is the leading country with a production of 654 published documents; the main author on the subject is Zhang X with 17 publications while the Journal of Cleaner Production is the journal with the largest number of studies on the subject. Conclusions: with the bibliometric analysis it could be evidenced that environmental management and sustainability are currently studied topics, showing the relevance they have in the economic development worldwide, which means an increase in corporate responsibility in the conservation of the environment and the environmental services they provide.
Search for Dark Photon Dark Matter in the Mass Range 41--74 $μ\mathrm{eV}$ using Millimeter-Wave Receiver and Radioshielding Box
Creators: name: Adachi, S.
name: Fujinaka, F.
name: Honda, S.
name: Muto, Y.
name: Nakata, H.
name: Sueno, Y.
name: Sumida, T.
name: Suzuki, J.
name: Tajima, O.
name: Takeuchi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark photons have been considered potential candidates for dark matter. The dark photon dark matter (DPDM) has a mass and interacts with electromagnetic fields via kinetic mixing with a coupling constant of $χ$. Thus, DPDMs are converted into ordinary photons at metal surfaces. Using a millimeter-wave receiver set in a radioshielding box, we performed experiments to detect the conversion photons from the DPDM in the frequency range 10--18 GHz, which corresponds to a mass range 41--74 $μ\mathrm{eV}$. We found no conversion photon signal in this range and set the upper limits to $χ< (0.5\text{--}3.9) \times 10^{-10}$ at a 95% confidence level.
description: 8 pages, 14 figures
CongNaMul: A Dataset for Advanced Image Processing of Soybean Sprouts
Creators: name: Ban, Byunghyun
name: Ryu, Donghun
name: Hwang, Su-won
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We present 'CongNaMul', a comprehensive dataset designed for various tasks in soybean sprouts image analysis. The CongNaMul dataset is curated to facilitate tasks such as image classification, semantic segmentation, decomposition, and measurement of length and weight. The classification task provides four classes to determine the quality of soybean sprouts: normal, broken, spotted, and broken and spotted, for the development of AI-aided automatic quality inspection technology. For semantic segmentation, images with varying complexity, from single sprout images to images with multiple sprouts, along with human-labelled mask images, are included. The label has 4 different classes: background, head, body, tail. The dataset also provides images and masks for the image decomposition task, including two separate sprout images and their combined form. Lastly, 5 physical features of sprouts (head length, body length, body thickness, tail length, weight) are provided for image-based measurement tasks. This dataset is expected to be a valuable resource for a wide range of research and applications in the advanced analysis of images of soybean sprouts. Also, we hope that this dataset can assist researchers studying classification, semantic segmentation, decomposition, and physical feature measurement in other industrial fields, in evaluating their models. The dataset is available at the authors' repository. (https://bhban.kr/data)
description: Accepted to International Conference on ICT Convergence 2023
Obtaining Statistical Significance of Gravitational Wave Signals in Hierarchical Search
Creators: name: Soni, Kanchan
name: Dhurandhar, Sanjeev
name: Mitra, Sanjit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational Wave (GW) astronomy has experienced remarkable growth in recent years, driven by advancements in ground-based detectors. While detecting compact binary coalescences (CBCs) has become routine, searching for more complex ones, such as mergers involving eccentric and precessing binaries and sub-solar mass binaries, has presented persistent challenges. These challenges arise from using the standard matched filtering algorithm, whose computational cost increases with the dimensionality and size of the template bank. This urges the pressing need for faster search pipelines to efficiently identify GW signals, leading to the emergence of the hierarchical search strategy. This method looks for potential candidate events using a sparse template bank in the first stage, followed by dense templates around potential events in the second stage. Although the hierarchical search speeds up the standard PyCBC analysis by more than a factor of 20, as demonstrated in a previous work~\cite{kanchan_hierarchical}, assigning statistical significance to detected signals was done in a heuristic way. In this article, we present a robust approach for background estimation in a two-stage hierarchical search. Our method models background triggers from time-shifted triggers in a two-detector network, extrapolating to higher statistic values. Through an extensive injection campaign for a population of simulated signals on real data, we test the effectiveness of our background estimation approach. The results show our method achieves a sensitive volume-time product comparable to the standard two-detector PyCBC search. This equivalence holds for an inverse false alarm rate of 10 years and chirp mass $1.4-10~\text{M}_\odot$, substantially reducing computational cost with a remarkable speed-up of nearly 13 times compared to PyCBC analysis.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
A nonlinear delayed model for the immune response in the presence of viral mutation
Creators: name: Messias, D.
name: Gleria, Iram
name: Albuquerque, S. S.
name: Canabarro, Askery
name: Stanley, H. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 37M20

description: In this paper we consider a delayed nonlinear model of the dynamics of the immune system against a viral infection that contains wild-type virus and one mutant. A finite response time of the immune system was considered in order which leads to sustained oscillatory behavior as well as chaotic behavior, triggered by the presence of delays. We present a thoroughly numeric analysis and some analytical results.
Port-based entanglement teleportation via noisy resource states
Creators: name: Kim, Ha Eum
name: Jeong, Kabgyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Port-based teleportation (PBT) represents a variation of the standard quantum teleportation and is currently being employed and explored within the field of quantum information processing owing to its various applications. In this study, we focus on PBT protocol when the resource state is disrupted by local Pauli noises. Here, we fully characterise the channel of the noisy PBT protocol using Krauss representation. Especially, by exploiting the application of PBT for entanglement distribution necessary in realizing quantum networks, we investigate entanglement transmission through this protocol for each qubit considering noisy resource states, denoted as port-based entanglement teleportation (PBET). Finally, we derive upper and lower bounds for the teleported entanglement as a function of the initial entanglement and the noises. Our study demonstrates that quantum entanglement can be efficiently distributed by protocols utilizing large-sized resource states in the presence of noise and is expected to serve as a reliable guide for developing optimized PBET protocols. To obtain these results, we address that the order of entanglement of two qubit states is preserved through the local Pauli channel, and identify the boundaries of entanglement loss through this teleportation channel.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Experimental Investigation of Optimum Beam Size for FSO Uplink
Creators: name: Kaushal, Hemani
name: Kaddoum, Georges
name: Jain, Virander Kumar
name: Kar, Subrat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, the effect of transmitter beam size on the performance of free space optical (FSO) communication has been determined experimentally. Irradiance profile for varying turbulence strength is obtained using optical turbulence generating (OTG) chamber inside laboratory environment. Based on the results, an optimum beam size is investigated using the semi-analytical method. Moreover, the combined effects of atmospheric scintillation and beam wander induced pointing errors are considered in order to determine the optimum beam size that minimizes the bit error rate (BER) of the system for a fixed transmitter power and link length. The results show that the optimum beam size increases with the increase in zenith angle but has negligible effect with the increase in fade threshold level at low turbulence levels and has a marginal effect at high turbulence levels. Finally, the obtained outcome is useful for FSO system design and BER performance analysis.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures
Modifying cooperative decay via disorder in atom arrays
Creators: name: Gjonbalaj, Nik O.
name: Ostermann, Stefan
name: Yelin, Susanne F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomic arrays can exhibit collective light emission when the transition wavelength exceeds their lattice spacing. Subradiant states take advantage of this phenomenon to drastically reduce their overall decay rate, allowing for long-lived states in dissipative open systems. We build on previous work to investigate whether or not disorder can further decrease the decay rate of a singly-excited atomic array. More specifically, we consider spatial disorder of varying strengths in a 1D half waveguide and in 1D, 2D, and 3D atomic arrays in free space and analyze the effect on the most subradiant modes. While we confirm that the dilute half waveguide exhibits an analog of Anderson localization, the dense half waveguide and free space systems can be understood through the creation of close-packed, few-body subradiant states similar to those found in the Dicke limit. In general, we find that disorder provides little advantage in generating darker subradiant states in free space on average and will often accelerate decay. However, one could potentially change interatomic spacing within the array to engineer specific subradiant states.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures; typos corrected, references added, figures slightly modified
Deep Domain Adaptation Based Video Smoke Detection using Synthetic Smoke Images
Creators: name: Xu, Gao
name: Zhang, Yongming
name: Zhang, Qixing
name: Lin, Gaohua
name: Wang, Jinjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.9; I.5.4; I.6.8; J.2
subject: 68T45

description: In this paper, a deep domain adaptation based method for video smoke detection is proposed to extract a powerful feature representation of smoke. Due to the smoke image samples limited in scale and diversity for deep CNN training, we systematically produced adequate synthetic smoke images with a wide variation in the smoke shape, background and lighting conditions. Considering that the appearance gap (dataset bias) between synthetic and real smoke images degrades significantly the performance of the trained model on the test set composed fully of real images, we build deep architectures based on domain adaptation to confuse the distributions of features extracted from synthetic and real smoke images. This approach expands the domain-invariant feature space for smoke image samples. With their approximate feature distribution off non-smoke images, the recognition rate of the trained model is improved significantly compared to the model trained directly on mixed dataset of synthetic and real images. Experimentally, several deep architectures with different design choices are applied to the smoke detector. The ultimate framework can get a satisfactory result on the test set. We believe that our approach is a start in the direction of utilizing deep neural networks enhanced with synthetic smoke images for video smoke detection.
description: The manuscript approved by all authors is our original work, and has submitted to Fire Safety Journal for peer review previously. There are 4516 words, 8 figures and 2 tables in this manuscript
Non-equilibrium time evolution in the sine-Gordon model revisited
Creators: name: Szász-Schagrin, Dávid
name: Lovas, Izabella
name: Takács, Gábor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non-equilibrium dynamics of the quantum sine-Gordon model describing a pair of Josephson-coupled one-dimensional bosonic quasi-condensates. Motivated by experimentally accessible quench procedures where the zero mode of the quasi-condensates is weakly coupled to finite momentum modes, we develop a novel Hamiltonian truncation scheme relying on a mini-superspace treatment of the zero mode (MSTHA). We apply this method to simulate the time evolution after both weak and strong quantum quenches, injecting a low or high energy density into the system, and demonstrate that MSTHA accurately captures the dynamics from the hard core boson limit to the experimentally relevant weakly interacting regime for sufficiently mild quenches. In the case of high energy densities, MSTHA breaks down for weak interaction but still extends the range of validity of previous Hamiltonian truncation schemes. We also compare these results to the semiclassical truncated Wigner approximation (TWA) and establish that the dynamics can be well approximated by the semiclassical description in the weakly interacting regime realised in the experiments. In addition, we clarify the importance of the phononic modes depending on the sine-Gordon interaction strength.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures. v2: accepted version
Smart Farming and Climate Action: knowledge transfer and stakeholder reputation in multi-disciplinary innovation ecosystems
Creators: name: Delaney, Fiona
name: Leveille, Genevieve
name: Planella Conrado, Silvia
name: Baulin, Vladimir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: distributed ledger technologies, mobile wallet, non-fungible tokens, smart farming, ecosystem innovation, stakeholder reputation, digital trust, knowledge-transfer, climate-action

description: This report describes the course of the Crowdfield Companion TRUBLO project over 9 months between 2022 and 2023, the project leads had proposed that the use of decentralised ledger technology (DLT) as a solution to the problem of reputation-making in multi-disciplinary research-oriented innovation ecosystems and to build digital trust between actors with no previous physical interaction. The study describes the emerging requirements for knowledge-transfer and validation tools in the dissemination of proven know-how and the capture and rewarding contributions and specific actions taken in the context of climate action in two distinct grower communities: pioneers in regenerative farming practitice and urban re-wilding activists. VIN-Q is a participative research ecosystem supporting knowledge sharing and building together the practices for regenerative shift for wine-growers started in Catalonia, Spain. VIN-Q supports the dual needs of academic scientists to validate and transfer their results and methods to real sector and end users, and the needs of the farming community to learn and share emerging knowledge proven to support collective transition to regenerative viticulture practices taking into account local and regional features. Urban Hedgerow, is an urban re-wilding community in central Dublin. It brought togeher disparate local actors, residents, expert and amateur gardeners, and property owners to identity and repurpose underutilised urban spaces that may be ‘re-wilding’. The first area selected, was on top of a single-story carpark where a 73m portable, native species ‘hedgerow’ that would provide food and shelter for urban pollinator populations. The project specifically serves the pollinator needs first and is largely unknown and unseen by the wider community. The study describes the context of multi-discipliary innovation ecosystems and describes how decentralised technologies can be deployed to address stakeholder reputation, trusted information and governance within early-adoptive, high-impact innovation ecosystems.
Graphene and its elemental analogue: A molecular dynamics view of fracture phenomenon
Creators: name: Rakib, Tawfiqur
name: Mojumder, Satyajit
name: Das, Sourav
name: Saha, Sourav
name: Motalab, Mohammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene and some graphene like two dimensional materials; hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and silicene have unique mechanical properties which severely limit the suitability of conventional theories used for common brittle and ductile materials to predict the fracture response of these materials. This study revealed the fracture response of graphene, hBN and silicene nanosheets under different tiny crack lengths by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using LAMMPS. The useful strength of these large area two dimensional materials are determined by their fracture toughness. Our study shows a comparative analysis of mechanical properties among the elemental analogues of graphene and suggested that hBN can be a good substitute for graphene in terms of mechanical properties. We have also found that the pre-cracked sheets fail in brittle manner and their failure is governed by the strength of the atomic bonds at the crack tip. The MD prediction of fracture toughness shows significant difference with the fracture toughness determined by Griffth's theory of brittle failure which restricts the applicability of Griffith's criterion for these materials in case of nano-cracks. Moreover, the strengths measured in armchair and zigzag directions of nanosheets of these materials implied that the bonds in armchair direction has the stronger capability to resist crack propagation compared to zigzag direction.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures
Revisiting dark energy models using differential ages of galaxies
Creators: name: Rani, Nisha
name: Jain, Deepak
name: Mahajan, Shobhit
name: Mukherjee, Amitabha
name: Biesiada, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we use a test based on the differential ages of galaxies for distinguishing the dark energy models. As proposed by Jimenez and Loeb, relative ages of galaxies can be used to put constraints on various cosmological parameters. In the same vein, we reconstruct $H_0dt/dz$ and its derivative ($H_0d^2t/dz^2$) using a model independent technique called non-parametric smoothing. Basically, $dt/dz$ is the change in the age of the object as a function of redshift which is directly link with the Hubble parameter. Hence for reconstruction of this quantity, we use the most recent $H(z)$ data. Further, we calculate $H_0dt/dz$ and its derivative for several models like Phantom, Einstein de Sitter (EdS), $Λ$CDM, Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL) parametrization, Jassal-Bagla-Padmanabhan (JBP) parametrization and Feng-Shen-Li-Li (FSLL) parametrization. We check the consistency of these models with the results of reconstruction obtained in model independent way from the data. It is observed that $H_0dt/dz$ as a tool is not able to distinguish between the $Λ$CDM, CPL, JBP and FSLL parametrizations but as expected EdS and Phantom models show noticeable deviation from the reconstructed results. Further, the derivative of $H_0dt/dz$ for various dark energy models is more sensitive at low redshift. It is observed that the FSLL model is not consistent with the reconstructed results at redshifts less than $0.5$, however, the $Λ$CDM model is in concordance with the 3$σ$ region of the reconstruction.
description: Accepted in JCAP, two new figures added and discussion modified
Frequency-Dependent Quadratic Response Properties and Two-photon Absorption from Relativistic Equation-of-Motion Coupled Cluster Theory
Creators: name: Yuan, Xiang
name: Halbert, Loic
name: Visscher, Lucas
name: Gomes, Andre Severo Pereira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the implementation of quadratic response theory based upon the relativistic equation-of-motion coupled cluster method. We showcase our implementation, whose generality allows us to consider both time-dependent and time-independent electric and magnetic perturbations, by considering the static and frequency-dependent hyperpolarizability of hydrogen halides (HX, X = F-At), providing a comprehensive insight into their electronic response characteristics. Additionally, we evaluated the Verdet constant for noble gases Xe and Rn, and discussed the relative importance of relativistic and electron correlation effects for these magneto-optical properties. Finally, we calculate the two-photon absorption cross-sections of transition ($ns^{1}S_{0}\to (n+1)s^{1}S_{0}$) of Ga$^{+}$, and In$^{+}$, which are suggested as candidates for new ion clocks. As our implementation allows for the use of non-relativistic Hamiltonians as well, we have compared our EOM-QRCC results to the QR-CC implementation in the DALTON code, and show that the differences between CC and EOMCC response are in general smaller than 5\% for the properties considered. Collectively, the results underscore the versatility of our implementation and its potential as a benchmark tool for other approximated models such as density functional theory for higher-order properties.
Exploring orbital-charge conversion mediated by interfaces with copper through spin-orbital pumping
Creators: name: Santos, E.
name: Abrão, J. E.
name: Vieira, A. S.
name: Mendes, J. B. S.
name: Rodríguez-Suárez, R. L.
name: Azevedo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated how different materials affect the orbital-charge conversion in heterostructures with the naturally oxidized cooper capping layer. When we added a thin layer of $CuOx(3nm)$ onto yttrium iron garnet $(YIG)/W$ stacks, we observed a significant reduction in the charge current signal measured by means the spin pumping effect technique. This finding contrasts with the results of a prior study conducted on YIG/Pt/CuOx, which reported the opposite effect. On the other hand, when we added the same $CuOx(3nm)$ layer to $YIG/Ti(4nm)$ structures, there was not much change in the spin pumping signal. This occurred because Ti does not generate much orbital current at the $Ti/CuOx$ interface, unlike Pt, due to its weaker spin-orbit coupling. Interestingly, when we added the $CuOx(3nm)$ layer to $SiO_{2}/Py(5nm)/Pt(4nm)$ structures, the spin pumping signal increased. However, in $SiO_{2}/CuOx(3nm)/Pt(4nm)/Py(5nm)$ structures, the signal decreased. Finally, we delve into a theoretical analysis of the spin (orbital) Hall effect in YIG/Heavy-metal systems. These findings have the potential to advance research in the innovative field of orbitronics and contribute to the development of new technologies based on spin-orbital conversion.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures,
A Representation of Weyl-Heisenberg Lie Algebra in the Quaternionic Setting
Creators: name: Muraleetharan, B.
name: Thirulogasanthar, K.
name: Sabadini, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a left multiplication defined on a right quaternionic Hilbert space, linear self-adjoint momentum operators on a right quaternionic Hilbert space are defined in complete analogy with their complex counterpart. With the aid of the so-obtained position and momentum operators, we study the Heisenberg uncertainty principle on the whole set of quaternions and on a quaternionic slice, namely on a copy of the complex plane inside the quaternions. For the quaternionic harmonic oscillator, the uncertainty relation is shown to saturate on a neighborhood of the origin in the case we consider the whole set of quaternions, while it is saturated on the whole slice in the case we take the slice-wise approach. In analogy with the complex Weyl-Heisenberg Lie algebra, Lie algebraic structures are developed for the quaternionic case. Finally, we introduce a quaternionic displacement operator which is square integrable, irreducible and unitary, and we study its properties.
description: to appear in Annals of Physics
Baryogenesis in Lorentz-violating gravity theories
Creators: name: Sakstein, Jeremy
name: Solomon, Adam R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lorentz-violating theories of gravity typically contain constrained vector fields. We show that the lowest-order coupling of such vectors to $\mathrm{U}(1)$-symmetric scalars can naturally give rise to baryogenesis in a manner akin to the Affleck-Dine mechanism. We calculate the cosmology of this new mechanism, demonstrating that a net $B-L$ can be generated in the early Universe, and that the resulting baryon-to-photon ratio matches that which is presently observed. We discuss constraints on the model using solar system and astrophysical tests of Lorentz violation in the gravity sector. Generic Lorentz-violating theories can give rise to the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry without violating any current bounds.
description: Five pages, two figures, submitted to PLB
Stationary particle currents in sedimenting active matter wetting a wall
Creators: name: Mangeat, Matthieu
name: Chakraborty, Shauri
name: Wysocki, Adam
name: Rieger, Heiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently it was predicted, on the basis of a lattice gas model, that scalar active matter in a gravitational field would rise against gravity up a confining wall or inside a thin capillary - in spite of repulsive particle-wall interactions [Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 048001 (2020)]. In this paper we confirm this prediction with sedimenting active Brownian particles (ABPs) in a box numerically and elucidate the mechanism leading to the formation of a meniscus rising above the bulk of the sedimentation region. The height of the meniscus increases with the activity of the system, algebraically with the Péclet number. The formation of the meniscus is determined by a stationary circular particle current, a vortex, centered at the base of the meniscus, whose size and strength increase with the ABP activity. The origin of these vortices can be traced back to the confinement of the ABPs in a box: already the stationary state of ideal (non-interacting) ABPs without gravitation displays circular currents that arrange in a highly symmetric way in the eight octants of the box. Gravitation distorts this vortex configuration downward, leaving two major vortices at the two side walls, with a strong downward flow along the walls. Repulsive interactions between the ABPs change this situation only as soon as motility induced phase separation (MIPS) sets in and forms a dense, sedimented liquid region at the bottom, which pushes the center of the vortex upwards towards the liquid-gas interface. Self-propelled particles therefore represent an impressive realization of scalar active matter that forms stationary particle currents being able to perform visible work against gravity or any other external field, which we predict to be observable experimentally in active colloids under gravitation.
description: 15 pages, 16 figures
Dual-Modal Attention-Enhanced Text-Video Retrieval with Triplet Partial Margin Contrastive Learning
Creators: name: Jiang, Chen
name: Liu, Hong
name: Yu, Xuzheng
name: Wang, Qing
name: Cheng, Yuan
name: Xu, Jia
name: Liu, Zhongyi
name: Guo, Qingpei
name: Chu, Wei
name: Yang, Ming
name: Qi, Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, the explosion of web videos makes text-video retrieval increasingly essential and popular for video filtering, recommendation, and search. Text-video retrieval aims to rank relevant text/video higher than irrelevant ones. The core of this task is to precisely measure the cross-modal similarity between texts and videos. Recently, contrastive learning methods have shown promising results for text-video retrieval, most of which focus on the construction of positive and negative pairs to learn text and video representations. Nevertheless, they do not pay enough attention to hard negative pairs and lack the ability to model different levels of semantic similarity. To address these two issues, this paper improves contrastive learning using two novel techniques. First, to exploit hard examples for robust discriminative power, we propose a novel Dual-Modal Attention-Enhanced Module (DMAE) to mine hard negative pairs from textual and visual clues. By further introducing a Negative-aware InfoNCE (NegNCE) loss, we are able to adaptively identify all these hard negatives and explicitly highlight their impacts in the training loss. Second, our work argues that triplet samples can better model fine-grained semantic similarity compared to pairwise samples. We thereby present a new Triplet Partial Margin Contrastive Learning (TPM-CL) module to construct partial order triplet samples by automatically generating fine-grained hard negatives for matched text-video pairs. The proposed TPM-CL designs an adaptive token masking strategy with cross-modal interaction to model subtle semantic differences. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms existing methods on four widely-used text-video retrieval datasets, including MSR-VTT, MSVD, DiDeMo and ActivityNet.
description: Accepted by ACM MM 2023
Prospects for searches of $b \to s ν\barν$ decays at FCC-ee
Creators: name: Amhis, Yasmine
name: Kenzie, Matthew
name: Reboud, Méril
name: Wiederhold, Aidan R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the physics reach and potential for the study of various decays involving a $b \to s ν\barν$ transition at the Future Circular Collider running electron-positron collisions at the $Z$-pole (FCC-ee). Signal and background candidates, which involve inclusive $Z$ contributions from $b\bar{b}$, $c\bar{c}$ and $uds$ final states, are simulated for a proposed multi-purpose detector. Signal candidates are selected using two Boosted Decision Tree algorithms. We determine expected relative sensitivities of $0.53\%$, $1.20\%$, $3.37\%$ and $9.86\%$ for the branching fractions of the $B^{0} \to K^{*0} ν\barν$, $B^{0}_{s} \to ϕν\barν$, $B^{0} \to K^{0}_{S} ν\barν$ and $Λ_{b}^{0} \to Λ^{0} ν\barν$ decays, respectively. In addition, we investigate the impact of detector design choices related to particle-identification and vertex resolution. The phenomenological impact of such measurements on the extraction of Standard Model and new physics parameters is also studied.
Phase Ordering Kinetics of the Asymmetric Coulomb Glass Model
Creators: name: Bhandari, Preeti
name: Malik, Vikas
name: Puri, Sanjay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results for phase ordering kinetics in the {\it Coulomb glass} (CG) model, which describes electrons on a lattice with unscreened Coulombic repulsion. The filling factor is denoted by $K \in [0,1]$. For a square lattice with $K=0.5$ (symmetric CG), the ground state is a checkerboard with alternating electrons and holes. In this paper, we focus on the asymmetric CG where $K \lesssim 0.5$, i.e., the ground state is checkerboard-like with excess holes distributed uniformly. There is no explicit quenched disorder in our system, though the Coulombic interaction gives rise to frustration. We find that the evolution morphology is in the same dynamical universality class as the ordering ferromagnet. Further, the domain growth law is slightly slower than the {\it Lifshitz-Cahn-Allen} law, $L(t) \sim t^{1/2}$, i.e., the growth exponent is underestimated. We speculate that this could be a signature of logarithmic growth in the asymptotic regime.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
Low-rank Adaptation of Large Language Model Rescoring for Parameter-Efficient Speech Recognition
Creators: name: Yu, Yu
name: Yang, Chao-Han Huck
name: Kolehmainen, Jari
name: Shivakumar, Prashanth G.
name: Gu, Yile
name: Ryu, Sungho
name: Ren, Roger
name: Luo, Qi
name: Gourav, Aditya
name: Chen, I-Fan
name: Liu, Yi-Chieh
name: Dinh, Tuan
name: Gandhe, Ankur
name: Filimonov, Denis
name: Ghosh, Shalini
name: Stolcke, Andreas
name: Rastow, Ariya
name: Bulyko, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We propose a neural language modeling system based on low-rank adaptation (LoRA) for speech recognition output rescoring. Although pretrained language models (LMs) like BERT have shown superior performance in second-pass rescoring, the high computational cost of scaling up the pretraining stage and adapting the pretrained models to specific domains limit their practical use in rescoring. Here we present a method based on low-rank decomposition to train a rescoring BERT model and adapt it to new domains using only a fraction (0.08%) of the pretrained parameters. These inserted matrices are optimized through a discriminative training objective along with a correlation-based regularization loss. The proposed low-rank adaptation Rescore-BERT (LoRB) architecture is evaluated on LibriSpeech and internal datasets with decreased training times by factors between 5.4 and 3.6.
description: Accepted to IEEE ASRU 2023. Internal Review Approved. Revised 2nd version with Andreas and Huck. The first version is in Sep 29th. 8 pages
Generative Speech Recognition Error Correction with Large Language Models and Task-Activating Prompting
Creators: name: Yang, Chao-Han Huck
name: Gu, Yile
name: Liu, Yi-Chieh
name: Ghosh, Shalini
name: Bulyko, Ivan
name: Stolcke, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We explore the ability of large language models (LLMs) to act as speech recognition post-processors that perform rescoring and error correction. Our first focus is on instruction prompting to let LLMs perform these task without fine-tuning, for which we evaluate different prompting schemes, both zero- and few-shot in-context learning, and a novel task activation prompting method that combines causal instructions and demonstration to increase its context windows. Next, we show that rescoring only by in-context learning with frozen LLMs achieves results that are competitive with rescoring by domain-tuned LMs, using a pretrained first-pass recognition system and rescoring output on two out-of-domain tasks (ATIS and WSJ). By combining prompting techniques with fine-tuning we achieve error rates below the N-best oracle level, showcasing the generalization power of the LLMs.
description: Accepted to IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding (ASRU) 2023. 8 pages. 2nd version revised from Sep 29th's version
Cosmological Constraints on Interacting Light Particles
Creators: name: Brust, Christopher
name: Cui, Yanou
name: Sigurdson, Kris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological observations are becoming increasingly sensitive to the effects of light particles in the form of dark radiation (DR) at the time of recombination. The conventional observable of effective neutrino number, $N_{\rm eff}$, is insufficient for probing generic, interacting models of DR. In this work, we perform likelihood analyses which allow both free-streaming effective neutrinos (parametrized by $N_{\rm eff}$) and interacting effective neutrinos (parametrized by $N_{\rm fld}$). We motivate an alternative parametrization of DR in terms of $N_{\rm tot}$ (total effective number of neutrinos) and $f_{\rm fs}$ (the fraction of effective neutrinos which are free-streaming), which is less degenerate than using $N_{\rm eff}$ and $N_{\rm fld}$. Using the Planck 2015 likelihoods in conjunction with measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), we find constraints on the total amount of beyond the Standard Model effective neutrinos (both free-streaming and interacting) of $ΔN_{\rm tot} < 0.39$ at 2$σ$. In addition, we consider the possibility that this scenario alleviates the tensions between early-time and late-time cosmological observations, in particular the measurements of $σ_8$ (the amplitude of matter power fluctuations at 8$h^{-1}$ Mpc), finding a mild preference for interactions among light species. We further forecast the sensitivities of a variety of future experiments, including Advanced ACTPol (a representative CMB Stage-III experiment), CMB Stage-IV, and the Euclid satellite. This study is relevant for probing non-standard neutrino physics as well as a wide variety of new particle physics models beyond the Standard Model that involve dark radiation.
description: 14 pages plus appendix and references
The heterodimer auto-repression loop: a robust and flexible pulse-generating genetic module
Creators: name: Lannoo, B.
name: Carlon, E.
name: Lefranc, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of the heterodimer autorepression loop (HAL), a small genetic module in which a protein A acts as an auto-repressor and binds to a second protein B to form a AB dimer. For suitable values of the rate constants the HAL produces pulses of A alternating with pulses of B. By means of analytical and numerical calculations, we show that the duration of A-pulses is extremely robust against variation of the rate constants while the duration of the B-pulses can be flexibly adjusted. The HAL is thus a minimal genetic module generating robust pulses with tunable duration an interesting property for cellular signalling.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures and SI (6 pages)
Assessing the Generalizability of Deep Neural Networks-Based Models for Black Skin Lesions
Creators: name: Barros, Luana
name: Chaves, Levy
name: Avila, Sandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Melanoma is the most severe type of skin cancer due to its ability to cause metastasis. It is more common in black people, often affecting acral regions: palms, soles, and nails. Deep neural networks have shown tremendous potential for improving clinical care and skin cancer diagnosis. Nevertheless, prevailing studies predominantly rely on datasets of white skin tones, neglecting to report diagnostic outcomes for diverse patient skin tones. In this work, we evaluate supervised and self-supervised models in skin lesion images extracted from acral regions commonly observed in black individuals. Also, we carefully curate a dataset containing skin lesions in acral regions and assess the datasets concerning the Fitzpatrick scale to verify performance on black skin. Our results expose the poor generalizability of these models, revealing their favorable performance for lesions on white skin. Neglecting to create diverse datasets, which necessitates the development of specialized models, is unacceptable. Deep neural networks have great potential to improve diagnosis, particularly for populations with limited access to dermatology. However, including black skin lesions is necessary to ensure these populations can access the benefits of inclusive technology.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures, 7 tables. Accepted at CIARP 2023
Design and simulation of a transmon qubit chip for Axion detection
Creators: name: Moretti, Roberto
name: Corti, Hervè Atsè
name: Labranca, Danilo
name: Ahrens, Felix
name: Avallone, Guerino
name: Babusci, Danilo
name: Banchi, Leonardo
name: Barone, Carlo
name: Beretta, Matteo Mario
name: Borghesi, Matteo
name: Buonomo, Bruno
name: Calore, Enrico
name: Carapella, Giovanni
name: Chiarello, Fabio
name: Cian, Alessandro
name: Cidronali, Alessando
name: Costa, Filippo
name: Cuccoli, Alessandro
name: D'Elia, Alessandro
name: Di Gioacchino, Daniele
name: Di Pascoli, Stefano
name: Falferi, Paolo
name: Fanciulli, Marco
name: Faverzani, Marco
name: Felici, Giulietto
name: Ferri, Elena
name: Filatrella, Giovanni
name: Foggetta, Luca Gennaro
name: Gatti, Claudio
name: Giachero, Andrea
name: Giazotto, Francesco
name: Giubertoni, Damiano
name: Granata, Veronica
name: Guarcello, Claudio
name: Lamanna, Gianluca
name: Ligi, Carlo
name: Maccarrone, Giovanni
name: Macucci, Massimo
name: Manara, Giuliano
name: Mantegazzini, Federica
name: Marconcini, Paolo
name: Margesin, Benno
name: Mattioli, Francesco
name: Miola, Andrea
name: Nucciotti, Angelo
name: Origo, Luca
name: Pagano, Sergio
name: Paolucci, Federico
name: Piersanti, Luca
name: Rettaroli, Alessio
name: Sanguinetti, Stefano
name: Schifano, Sebastiano Fabio
name: Spagnolo, Paolo
name: Tocci, Simone
name: Toncelli, Alessandra
name: Torrioli, Guido
name: Vinante, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Sensing is a rapidly expanding research field that finds one of its applications in Fundamental Physics, as the search for Dark Matter. Devices based on superconducting qubits have already been successfully applied in detecting few-GHz single photons via Quantum Non-Demolition measurement (QND). This technique allows us to perform repeatable measurements, bringing remarkable sensitivity improvements and dark count rate suppression in experiments based on high-precision microwave photon detection, such as for Axions and Dark Photons search. In this context, the INFN Qub-IT project goal is to realize an itinerant single-photon counter based on superconducting qubits that will exploit QND for enhancing Axion search experiments. In this study, we present Qub-IT's status towards the realization of its first superconducting qubit device, illustrating design and simulation procedures and the characterization of fabricated Coplanar Waveguide Resonators (CPWs) for readout. We match target qubit parameters and assess a few-percent level agreement between lumped and distributed element simulation models. We reach a maximum internal quality factor of 9.2x10^5 for -92 dBm on-chip readout power.