cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cosmic evolution of metal densities: the enrichment of the Inter-Galactic Medium
Creators: name: Calura, Francesco
name: Matteucci, Francesca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By means of chemo-photometric models for galaxies of different morhological types, we have carried out a detailed study of the history of element production by spheroidal and dwarf irregular galaxies. Spheroidal galaxies suffer a strong and intense star formation episode at early times. In dwarf irregulars, the SFR proceeds at a low regime but continuously. Both galactic types enrich the IGM with metals, by means of galactic winds. We have assumed that the galaxy number density is fixed and normalized to the value of the optical luminosity function observed in the local universe. Our models allow us to investigate in detail how the metal fractions locked up in spheroid and dwarf irregular stars, in the ISM and ejected into the IGM have changed with cosmic time. By relaxing the instantaneous recycling approximation and taking into account stellar lifetimes, for the first time we have studied the evolution of the chemical abundance ratios in the IGM and compared our predictions with a set of observations by various authors. Our results indicate that the bulk of the IGM enrichment is due to spheroids, with dwarf irregular galaxies playing a negligible role. Our predictions grossly account for the [O/H] observed in the IGM at high redshift, but overestimate the [C/H]. Furthermore, it appears hard to reproduce the abundance ratios observed in the high-redshift IGM. Some possible explanations are discussed in the text. This is the first attempt to study the abundance ratios in the IGM by means of detailed chemical evolution models which take into account the stellar lifetimes. Numerical simulations adopting our chemical evolution prescriptions could be useful to improve our understanding of the IGM chemical enrichment.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, MNRAS, accepted for publication. Minor changes after referee report
Additional file 6 of Data mining of PubChem bioassay records reveals diverse OXPHOS inhibitory chemotypes as potential therapeutic agents against ovarian cancer
Creators: name: Sharma, Sejal
name: Feng, Liping
name: Boonpattrawong, Nicha
name: Kapur, Arvinder
name: Barroilhet, Lisa
name: Patankar, Manish S.
name: Ericksen, Spencer S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 6. Feature importance correlations between methods. MDI analysis of the descriptor- and fingerprint-based RF models reveals key features, which appear highly correlated with the features’ absolute mean divergences between active and inactive populations with respect to descriptors and fingerprint bits.
On the ultra-compact nature of 4U1822-000
Creators: name: Shahbaz, T.
name: Watson, C. A.
name: Hernandez-Peralta, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a periodic modulation in the optical lightcurve of the candidate ultra-compact X-ray binary 4U1822-000. Using time-resolved optical photometry taken with the William Herschel Telescope we find evidence for a sinusoidal modulation with a semi-amplitude of 8 percent and a period of 191 min, which is most likely close to the true orbital period of the binary. Using the van Paradijs & McClintock relation for the absolute magnitude and the distance modulus allowing for interstellar reddening, we estimate the distance to 4U1822-000 to be 6.3 kpc. The long orbital period and casts severe doubts on the ultra-compact nature of 4U1822-000.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure, accepted by MNRAS
TALI: Protein Structure Alignment Using Backbone Torsion Angles
Creators: name: Miao, Xijiang
name: Bryson, Michael G.
name: Valafar, Homayoun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article introduces a novel protein structure alignment method (named TALI) based on the protein backbone torsion angle instead of the more traditional distance matrix. Because the structural alignment of the two proteins is based on the comparison of two sequences of numbers (backbone torsion angles), we can take advantage of a large number of well-developed methods such as Smith-Waterman or Needleman-Wunsch. Here we report the result of TALI in comparison to other structure alignment methods such as DALI, CE, and SSM ass well as sequence alignment based on PSI-BLAST. TALI demonstrated great success over all other methods in application to challenging proteins. TALI was more successful in recognizing remote structural homology. TALI also demonstrated an ability to identify structural homology between two proteins where the structural difference was due to a rotation of internal domains by nearly 180$^\circ$.
description: Seven pages
title: Wie steht es um die Gletscher in Zentralasien? Ein Lagebericht auf der Grundlage satelliten- und bodengestuetzter Messungen
Creators: name: Farinotti, Daniel
name: Güntner, Andreas
name: Barthelmes, Franz
name: Vorogushyn, Sergiy
name: Duethmann, Doris
Publisher: name: Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
Year: 2013

description: Glaciers play an important role in the water cycle of many regions of the world, especially in dry regions such as Central Asia. Glaciers can store water over decades and transfer winter precipitation into the summer months by releasing the accumulated snow and ice as melt water. The question about the state of the glaciers within a region is therefore intrinsically linked to questions about water availability and food security. We assess the current state of all glaciers of the Tien Shan (the main mountain range in Central Asia, feeding its waters to Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and China) by three different groups of methods. We considered measurements of the Earth’s gravity field, laser altimetry, and direct glaciological measurements, and assessed uncertainties in an ensemble-like approach. The results of all three methods agree well, increasing the confidence in the final estimate. The results indicate that during the period 2003-2009, the glaciers of the Tien Shan were losing mass at a rate of 7.1 ±5.6 gigatons per year. Cumulated over the period, this corresponds to the water volume stored in Lake Constance (Bodensee).
description: System Erde; 3
Non-adiabadic charge pumping in a hybrid SET transistor
Creators: name: Averin, Dmitri V.
name: Pekola, Jukka P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically current quantization in the charge turnstile based on the hybrid (SINIS or NISIN) SET transistor. The quantization accuracy is limited by either Andreev reflection or by Cooper pair - electron cotunneling. The rates of these processes are calculated in the ``above-the-threshold'' regime when they compete directly with the lowest-order tunneling. We show that by shaping the ac gate voltage driving the turnstile, it should be possible to achieve the metrological accuracy of $10^{-8}$, while maintaining the absolute value of the quantized current on the order of 30 pA, just by one turnstile with realistic parameters using aluminium as superconductor.
description: 5 pages, 4 included figures
The conversion of Neutron star to Strange star : A two step process
Creators: name: Bhattacharyya, Abhijit
name: Ghosh, Sanjay K.
name: Joardar, Partha S.
name: Mallick, Ritam
name: Raha, Sibaji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conversion of neutron matter to strange matter in a neutron star have been studied as a two step process. In the first step, the nuclear matter gets converted to two flavour quark matter. The conversion of two flavour to three flavour strange matter takes place in the second step. The first process is analysed with the help of equations of state and hydrodynamical equations, whereas, in the second process, non-leptonic weak interaction plays the main role. Velocities and the time of travel through the star of these two conversion fronts have been analysed and compared.
description: 18 pages including 9 figures
Microwave shielding of transparent and conducting single-walled carbon nanotube films
Creators: name: Xu, Hua
name: Hu, Liangbing
name: Anlage, Steven M.
name: Gruner, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The authors measured the transport properties of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films in the microwave frequency range from 10 MHz to 30 GHz by using the Corbino reflection technique from temperatures of 20-400 K. Based on the real and imaginary parts of the microwave conductivity, they calculated the shielding effectiveness for various film thicknesses. Shielding effectiveness of 43 dB at 10 MHz and 28 dB at 10 GHz are found for films with 90% optical transmittance, which suggests that SWCNT films are promising as a type of transparent microwave shielding material. By combining their data with those from the literature, the conductivity of SWCNT films was established in a broad frequency range from dc to visible.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
A First Study of Giant Stars in the Galactic Bulge based on Crires spectra
Creators: name: Ryde, N.
name: Edvardsson, B.
name: Gustafsson, B.
name: Käufl, H. -U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present our on-going work on the determination of elemental abundances of giants in the Galactic Bulge by means of infrared spectroscopy. We show a preliminarily reduced spectrum and a synthetic spectrum fit of the Bulge giant Arp 4203 recorded with the near-infrared, high-resolution Crires spectrograph mounted on the VLT during its science verification run in August 2006. Abundances derived from this spectrum are discussed.
description: 2 pages, IAUS 241 conference proceedings
Additional file 2 of The attrition, physical and insecticidal durability of two dual active ingredient nets (Interceptor® G2 and Royal Guard®) in Benin, West Africa: results from a durability study embedded in a cluster randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Ngufor, Corine
name: Fagbohoun, Josias
name: Fongnikin, Augustin
name: Ahoga, Juniace
name: Syme, Thomas
name: Ahogni, Idelphonse
name: Accrombessi, Manfred
name: Protopopoff, Natacha
name: Cook, Jackie
name: Dangbenon, Edouard
name: Sovi, Arthur
name: Baes, Marie
name: Pigeon, Olivier
name: Todjinou, Damien
name: Govoetchan, Renaud
name: Padonou, Germain Gil
name: Akogbeto, Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2.
Phosphine Gas in the Cloud Decks of Venus
Creators: name: Greaves, Jane S.
name: Richards, Anita M. S.
name: Bains, William
name: Rimmer, Paul B.
name: Sagawa, Hideo
name: Clements, David L.
name: Seager, Sara
name: Petkowski, Janusz J.
name: Sousa-Silva, Clara
name: Ranjan, Sukrit
name: Drabek-Maunder, Emily
name: Fraser, Helen J.
name: Cartwright, Annabel
name: Mueller-Wodarg, Ingo
name: Zhan, Zhuchang
name: Friberg, Per
name: Coulson, Iain
name: Lee, E'lisa
name: Hoge, Jim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of trace-gases in planetary atmospheres help us explore chemical conditions different to those on Earth. Our nearest neighbor, Venus, has cloud decks that are temperate but hyper-acidic. We report the apparent presence of phosphine (PH3) gas in Venusian atmosphere, where any phosphorus should be in oxidized forms. Single-line millimeter-waveband spectral detections (quality up to ~15 sigma) from the JCMT and ALMA telescopes have no other plausible identification. Atmospheric PH3 at ~20 parts-per-billion abundance is inferred. The presence of phosphine is unexplained after exhaustive study of steady-state chemistry and photochemical pathways, with no currently-known abiotic production routes in Venusian atmosphere, clouds, surface and subsurface, or from lightning, volcanic or meteoritic delivery. Phosphine could originate from unknown photochemistry or geochemistry, or, by analogy with biological production of phosphine on Earth, from the presence of life. Other PH3 spectral features should be sought, while in-situ cloud and surface sampling could examine sources of this gas.
Systemic postoperative multimodal analgesia in major open abdominal surgery with intestinal anastomosis: the considerations of opioid-sparing, NSAIDs-sparing or combined options
Creators: name: Tonev, Dimitar
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Background and aims: NSAIDs as part of systemic multimodal analgesia (SMA) in surgery with intestinal anastomosis are associated with increased risks of anastomotic leaks. There is insufficient evidence to stop using them as well as to recommend alternative such as Tramadol. The aim of our study was to provide data on clinical relevance of both alternatives and their combinations in the field.

Methods: Seventy patients, ASA I-IV, aged ≥ 18, who underwent 43 colorectal (gr.A) and 27 upper GI/biliary (gr.B) open procedures with intestinal anastomosis were examined retrospectively. Three types SMA were indentified 72 h postoperatively: opioid-free (Dexketoprofen 50 mg i.v. or Dipyrone 2,0 g i.m. at 8-12 h); NSAIDs-free (Tramadol 100 mg i.v. at 8-12 h); and combined (Dexketoprofen 50 mg i.v. + Tramadol 50 mg i.v. or Dipyrone 1,0 g i.m. + Tramadol 50 mg i.v. at 8-12 h). All patients were received scheduled Paracetamol 1,0 g at 6 h, optional epidural analgesia and as needed Pethidine 50 mg i.v. as well. Data influencing prescribing practice (ASA and RCRI scores, type and duration of surgery, bleedings/transfusions, malignancy, NSAIDs and Tramadol consumption) and relevant complications (anastomotic leaks, wound infections and cardiovascular adverse events) were explored and tested statistically.

Results: The only between-group differences were 3 complications (one from each type) in gr.B v.s 0 in gr.A (p=0,025) and a tendency towards 2 times more Dipyrone consumption in gr.B (p=0,054). Conclusions: As part of SMA Tramadol could usefully reduce the amount of NSAIDs applied in abdominal surgery with intestinal anastomosis.
Production experiment, subject 5
Creators: name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: kdt

description: Target and distractor stimuli embedded in carrier sentences. Subject is a 22-year-old female. Carried out in a quiet room in the temple of Wat Nakharin in Ban Khi Nak.
Stochastic method for accommodation of equilibrating basins in kinetic Monte Carlo simulations
Creators: name: Van Siclen, Clinton DeW.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A computationally simple way to accommodate 'basins' of trapping sites in standard kinetic Monte Carlo simulations is presented. By assuming the system is effectively equilibrated in the basin, the residence time (time spent in the basin before escape) and the probabilities for transition to states outside the basin may be calculated. This is demonstrated for point defect diffusion over a periodic grid of sites containing a complex basin.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Evolution and invariants of free-particle moments
Creators: name: Andrews, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Moments are expectation values of products of powers of position and momentum, taken over quantum states (or averages over a set of classical particles). For free particles, the evolution in the quantum case is closely related to that of a set of classical particles. Here we consider the evolution of symmetrized moments for free particles in one dimension, first examining the geometric properties of the evolution for moments up to the fourth order, as determined by their extrema and inflections. These properties are specified by combinations of the moments that are {\it invariant} in that they remain constant under free evolution. An inequality constrains the fourth-order moments and shows that some geometric types of evolution are possible for a quantum particle but not possible classically, and some examples are examined. Explicit expressions are found for the moments of any order in terms of their initial values, for the invariant combinations, and for the moments in terms of these invariants.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
The Form and Content of European Cities as Paintings
Creators: name: Page, Phillip Graham
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Axonometric projection
absorptive mapping
painterly palimpsest

description: This practice-led research project investigates how ideas about urban theory, mapping and architectural drawing can be engaged in the process of painting in portraying European cities. The resulting conjunction is generative of paintings which record and convey figurative and abstracted information about urban human activity. This research has its genesis in the theoretical underpinning of the work of contemporary painters such as Julie Mehretu and Mark Bradford. Their paintings, combine some of the objective information of a conventional map together with painterly information portraying a personal interpretation of places, spaces and human activity. These paintings, described by art historian Kathryn Brown as absorptive maps, employ allegoric graphic protocols to provide subjectively generated imagery. In my research, the generation of allegorical painterly protocols is guided by the theoretical ideas about cities of Elizabeth Grosz, Gaston Bachelard and Machiel Karskens. The works are also informed by Lewis Mumford’s idea of city development as a kind of palimpsest where one layer informs the next. Responding to this conceptual framework my paintings begin with sketchbook and memory records of urban wandering and develop as an amalgam of recognisable mapping and highly personal abstracted imagery. This imagery incorporates my recollections of European cities, and my knowledge of and responses to them acquired over time. The works are a painterly palimpsest where the flux of the present is informed by layers of history, using painterly processes of layering, transparency and line work assembled in a pictorial space based on an axonometric projection system drawn from my architectural practice. These works add to understandings of contemporary painting that responds to the complexity of modern urban life. By combining techniques of mapping and architectural drawing with those of painterly observation the paintings explore the duality of the generalised geometric structure of cities and the specificity of intuitive painterly marks. Through this exploration, the paintings translate the results of human activity and urban development as abstracted painterly elements, linear marks and geometric motifs.
Additional file 1 of Improving ecosystem services through applied agroecology on German farms: costs and benefits
Creators: name: Wenzel, Bettina
name: Winkler, Julian
name: Kirchner, Sascha M.
name: Junge, Stephan Martin
name: Mendonça, Pedro
name: Alves, Fátima
name: Kehlenbeck, Hella
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file1.
An X-ray Search for Compact Central Sources in Supernova Remnants II: Six Large Diameter SNRs
Creators: name: Kaplan, D. L.
name: Gaensler, B. M.
name: Kulkarni, S. R.
name: Slane, P. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the second in a series of results in which we have searched for undiscovered neutron stars in supernova remnants (SNRs). This paper deals with the largest six SNRs in our sample, too large for Chandra or XMM-Newton to cover in a single pointing. These SNRs are nearby, with typical distances of <1 kpc. We therefore used the ROSAT Bright Source Catalog and past observations in the literature to identify X-ray point sources in and near the SNRs. Out of 54 sources, we were immediately able to identify optical/IR counterparts to 41 from existing data. We obtained Chandra snap-shot images of the remaining 13 sources. Of these, 10 were point sources with readily identified counterparts, two were extended, and one was not detected in the Chandra observation but is likely a flare star. One of the extended sources may be a pulsar wind nebula, but if so it is probably not associated with the nearby SNR. We are then left with no identified neutron stars in these six SNRs down to luminosity limits of \~1e32 ergs/s. These limits are generally less than the luminosities of typical neutron stars of the same ages, but are compatible with some lower-luminosity sources such as the neutron stars in the SNRs CTA 1 and IC 443.
description: 32 pages, 30 figures; uses emulateapj.cls and hyperref.sty. Accepted for publication in ApJS
Polymer state approximations of Schroedinger wave functions
Creators: name: Fredenhagen, Klaus
name: Reszewski, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown how states of a quantum mechanical particle in the Schroedinger representation can be approximated by states in the so-called polymer representation. The result may shed some light on the semiclassical limit of loop quantum gravity.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure, Conclusions section added
Additional file 1 of Are nurses and patients willing to work with service robots in healthcare? A mixed-methods study
Creators: name: El-Gazar, Heba Emad
name: Abdelhafez, Shymaa
name: Ali, Amira Mohammed
name: Shawer, Mona
name: Alharbi, Talal Ali F.
name: Zoromba, Mohamed Ali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Development of a physically-informed neural network interatomic potential for tantalum
Creators: name: Lin, Yi-Shen
name: Pun, Ganga P. Purja
name: Mishin, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large-scale atomistic simulations of materials heavily rely on interatomic potentials, which predict the system energy and atomic forces. One of the recent developments in the field is constructing interatomic potentials by machine-learning (ML) methods. ML potentials predict the energy and forces by numerical interpolation using a large reference database generated by quantum-mechanical calculations. While high accuracy of interpolation can be achieved, extrapolation to unknown atomic environments is unpredictable. The recently proposed physically-informed neural network (PINN) model significantly improves the transferability by combining a neural network regression with a physics-based bond-order interatomic potential. Here, we demonstrate that general-purpose PINN potentials can be developed for body-centered cubic (BCC) metals. The proposed PINN potential for tantalum reproduces the reference energies within 2.8 meV/atom. It accurately predicts a broad spectrum of physical properties of Ta, including (but not limited to) lattice dynamics, thermal expansion, energies of point and extended defects, the dislocation core structure and the Peierls barrier, the melting temperature, the structure of liquid Ta, and the liquid surface tension. The potential enables large-scale simulations of physical and mechanical behavior of Ta with nearly first-principles accuracy while being orders of magnitude faster. This approach can be readily extended to other BCC metals.
Memristive control of mutual SHNO synchronization for neuromorphic computing
Creators: name: Zahedinejad, Mohammad
name: Fulara, Himanshu
name: Khymyn, Roman
name: Houshang, Afshin
name: Fukami, Shunsuke
name: Kanai, Shun
name: Ohno, Hideo
name: Åkerman, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Synchronization of large spin Hall nano-oscillators (SHNO) arrays is an appealing approach toward ultra-fast non-conventional computing based on nanoscale coupled oscillator networks. However, for large arrays, interfacing to the network, tuning its individual oscillators, their coupling, and providing built-in memory units for training purposes, remain substantial challenges. Here, we address all these challenges using memristive gating of W/CoFeB/MgO/AlOx based SHNOs. In its high resistance state (HRS), the memristor modulates the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) at the CoFeB/MgO interface purely by the applied electric field. In its low resistance state (LRS), and depending on the voltage polarity, the memristor adds/subtracts current to/from the SHNO drive. The operation in both the HRS and LRS affects the SHNO auto-oscillation mode and frequency, which can be tuned up to 28 MHz/V. This tuning allows us to reversibly turn on/off mutual synchronization in chains of four SHNOs. We also demonstrate two individually controlled memristors to tailor both the coupling strength and the frequency of the synchronized state. Memristor gating is therefore an efficient approach to input, tune, and store the state of the SHNO array for any non-conventional computing paradigm, all in one platform.
Reforming the Chinese state-owned enterprise a law and economics perspective
Creators: name: Wang, Feihong
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: China stands in contrast to the transitional countries of the former Soviet-bloc in its economic reform path that can be characterised as incrementalism instead of 'big bang," and marketisation instead of corporatisation. Despite the extensive reforms in all segments of society, the ownership of state-owned enterprises has been maintained largely under the control of the Chinese authorities as the 'brown jewel" of the socialist regime. Yet such a reform path has led China to phenomenal and sustained economic growth far from the dim picture initially envisaged by some commentators. This has given rise to intense disputes concerning a host of questions with profound theoretical and practical implications. Following the line of theories of the firm in law and economics, this study attempts to analyse the state-owned enterprise reform from two aspects. On the one hand, it examines the Chinese economic reform as institutional changes on the basis of the transaction cost economics and property rights theory. Having established that China's reform is of unambiguous property rights implications, this study continues to demonstrate that enormous transaction costs still exist in the current mixed economy. As the fundamental source of such costs is the incompatibility of state ownership and free market economy, the further reform featured with a privatisation of state-owned enterprises is thus called for. On the other hand, seeing that the agency problem singles out as the most crucial transaction cost, this study further focuses on the issue of ownership and control in the Chinese state-owned enterprises. Mainly based on the contractual theory of firm, it analyses two major initiatives of the enterprise reform - the CMRS, and the corporatisation and securitisation of state-owned enterprises. While the former is dismissed as a transitional solution, the latter is deemed to point a right direction for the privatisation of state enterprise and an optimal relationship between state and enterprises. Nevertheless, the share and corporate governance structure provided in the current Chinese corporate laws must undergo immense changes. This study is at best a preliminary analysis of limited issues. Far more efforts are needed to gauge such a broad and complex topic.
Vietnam's evolving policy toward the South China Sea disputes, 1991-2011
Creators: name: Do, Thanh Hai
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2016

description: This thesis examines Vietnam's claims and policy toward the South China Sea between 1991 and 2011. It draws on a wide range of primary and secondary sources to trace and account for continuity and changes in Vietnam's approach to the issue, with a particular focus on how Vietnam managed its relations with China. The study finds that in the post-Cold War period, Vietnam sought to preserve the status quo over the Paracels and Spratlys, and to advance its maritime interests using the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Though Vietnamese political elites agreed on these aims, they disagreed on the best way to handle the issue of China. The thesis argues that conservative leaders advocated a bandwagoning strategy, aiming to cultivate ties with China by coordinating foreign policy with China on the basis of ideology in return for China's protection and cooperation. On the other hand, nationalist pragmatists pushed for a hedging strategy, a dual track approach to engage China to induce its cooperation while bolstering Vietnam's relations with other major powers in order to discourage assertive actions. This difference caused Hanoi to oscillate between bandwagoning and hedging strategies to seek the best way to handle its China problem. As evidence presented in the thesis shows, the more assertive China became in its behaviour and in its language in relation to the South China Sea, the more Hanoi moved toward a hedging strategy to defend its interests.
Visions of Sainthood in Medieval Rome: The Lives of Margherita Colonna by Giovanni Colonna and Stefania
Creators: name: Field, Larry
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: \u000aMargherita Colonna (1255-1280) was born into one of the great baronial families that dominated Rome politically and culturally in the thirteenth century. After the death of her father and mother, Margherita was raised by her brothers, including Cardinal Giacomo Colonna. The two extant contemporary accounts of her short life offer a daring model of mystical lay piety forged in imitation of St. Francis but worked out in the vibrant world of medieval Rome.\u000a \u000aIn _Visions of Sainthood in Medieval Rome_, Larry F. Field, Lezlie S. Knox, and Sean L. Field present the first English translations of Margherita Colonna's two 'lives' and a dossier of associated texts, along with thoroughly researched contextualization and scholarly examination. The first of the two lives was written by a layman, the Roman Senator Giovanni Colonna, one of Margherita Colonna's brothers. The second was written by a woman named Stefania, who had been a close follower of Margherita Colonna and assumed leadership of her Franciscan community after Margherita's death. These intriguing texts open up new perspectives on numerous historical questions. How did authorial gender and status influence hagiographic perspective? How fluid was the nature of female Franciscan identity during the era in which the papacy was creating the Order of St. Clare? What were the experiences and influences of female visionaries? And what was the process of saint-making at the heart of an aristocratic Roman family? These texts add rich new texture to our overall picture of medieval visionary culture and will interest students and scholars of medieval and renaissance history, literature, religion, and women's studies.\u000a
Trapping electrons in electrostatic traps over the surface of helium
Creators: name: Rousseau, E.
name: Mukharsky, Y.
name: Ponarine, D.
name: Avenel, O.
name: Varoquaux, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed trapping of electrons in an electrostatic trap formed over the surface of liquid helium-4. These electrons are detected by a Single Electron Transistor located at the centre of the trap. We can trap any desired number of electrons between 1 and $\sim 30$. By repeatedly ($\sim 10^3-10^4$ times) putting a single electron into the trap and lowering the electrostatic barrier of the trap, we can measure the effective temperature of the electron and the time of its thermalisation after heating up by incoherent radiation.
description: Presented at QFS06 - Kyoto, to be published in J. Low Temp. Phys., 6 pages, 3 figures
Ultrafast single-photon detection based on optical Kerr gates at GHz rates
Creators: name: Fattah, Abdul-Hamid
name: Flatae, Assegid Mengistu
name: Farrag, Amr
name: Agio, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ultrafast detection of single photons is currently restricted by the limited time resolution (a few picoseconds) of the available single-photon detectors. Optical gates offer a faster time resolution, but so far they have been mostly applied to ensembles of emitters. Here, we demonstrate through a semi-analytical model that the ultrafast time-resolved detection of single quantum emitters can be possible using an optical-Kerr-shutter (OKS) at GHz rates under focused illumination. This technique provides sub-picosecond time resolution, while keeping a gate efficiency at around 85 \%. These findings lay the ground for future experimental investigations on the ultrafast dynamics of single quantum emitters, with implications for quantum nanophotonics and molecular physics
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 2 of The effectiveness of secondary-school based interventions on the future physical activity of adolescents in Aotearoa New Zealand: a modelling study
Creators: name: Bergen, Tom
name: Richards, Justin
name: Kira, Geoff
name: Kim, Alice Hyun Min
name: Signal, Louise
name: Mizdrak, Anja
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 2: Additional file 2 Methodology for sociodemographic variable creation.
Total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol in minor gynaecological procedures: target-controlled infusion compared with manually–delivered intermittent bolus technique
Creators: name: Tonev, Dimitar
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Introduction: The implementation of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) for short/very short surgical procedures is still debatable concerning  the use of  a scientifically-sound target-controlled infusion (TCI) or an easier and more practical intermittent bolus technique. To date there is the only one published study comparing Propofol TCI with intermittent bolus technique for procedural sedation in breast surgery.  The aim of our study was to provide update clinical and economic data on this comparison in  minor gynaecological procedures.

Material and Methods: Forty consecutive ASA I-III nonpregnant female patients (pts), aged ≥ 18 years, who underwent hysteroscopy and dilatation and curettage in-hospital procedure (with LEEP/ polypectomy/ biopsy when needed) were enrolled in an open before-after comparison. The anaesthetic techniques included i.v premedication with  Atropine 0,01 mg/kg, Fentanyl 1 µg/kg and Ketamine 0,2 mg/kg, face mask (50% O2/air mixture) and Propofol TIVA: TCI (before-group, n=21), Marsh model (Perfusor® Space infusion pump, B.Braun Melsungen, Germany), plasma control, initial target 4 µg/ml, further changes to ensure BIS 40-60 or intermittent bolus technique (after-group, n=19), initial i.v bolus 2 mg/kg then repeated boluses of 10 mg/min to ensure BIS 40-60. No opioid was administered intraoperatively. HR, RR, NIBP, SpO2, ETCO2, BIS values, numbers of anaesthetist’s device adjustments or implemented boluses, surgery and anaesthesia times, recovery time, Propofol consumption, used disposables and administered rescue medications were recorded perioperatively. The modified quality of anaesthesia score, the pre/post induction % changes in systolic arterial pressure (Δ SAP) and the anaesthetic technique  related direct (including wastage) costs were calculated as well.

Results: The groups were similar with regard to biometric data, ASA status and duration of surgery and differed only in the duration of anaesthesia. The total dose of Propofol was larger in the TCI compared with the bolus technique (4,3±0,9 mg/kg vs. 2,5±0,4 mg/kg; p < 0,001), which also correlates with an average 5 min longer anaesthesia in the TCI (r =0,688; p < 0,001). More pts required extra bolus injections than device adjustments (3,7±1,9 vs. 1,3±0,5; p < 0,001). There were no significant between-group differences in Δ SAP and the quality of anaesthesia scores, but in TCI technique there was a trend toward better quality score (p = 0,06), which in financial terms represent 58% increase in TCI costs compared with bolus technique costs (p < 0,001).

Conclusions: The TCI provides better technical options for improving the quality of anaesthesia in short m short minor gynaecological procedures. However, in the era of cost containment, the bolus technique is still a cost-effective alternative.
The Origins of Nonalignment: Great Power Competition and Indonesian Foreign Policy 1945-1965
Creators: name: Greenlees, Donald
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Indonesian foreign policy
alliance
nonalignment
great powers
Cold War
Sukarno
balance of threat
prospect theory
political risk
West New Guinea
Confrontation
Indonesian political history

description: The thesis analyses Indonesia’s foreign policy, specifically its alignment behavior, in the 20 years after it declared independence in 1945. It investigates the origins of Indonesia’s enduring bebas-aktif (independent and active) foreign policy and its manifestation in an official policy of neutrality and then nonalignment during the Cold War. It then follows the evolution of alignment policy via Indonesia’s interactions with the great powers of the era – the USA, the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China. The case study period provides a detailed account of a series of episodes that engaged the Cold War’s great powers, including the Asia- Africa conference, US-sponsored regional rebellions in Indonesia, the campaign to wrest control of West New Guinea, and the attempt to “crush” the formation of Malaysia under a policy of Konfrontasi. In trying to account for patterns in Indonesian alignment, the thesis challenges conventional approaches to alignment that explain changing behavior as purely a response to either the capability or intentions of other powers. Instead of seeing alignment as the result of a balance of power or a balance of threat, the thesis finds that Indonesia’s alignment policy during the period is better understood as a balance of risk between competing domestic and international demands and objectives. Policymakers are viewed as placing especially high priority on maintaining policy autonomy, which they compromise only when the objective that alignment serves is regarded as critical to the state. The analysis highlights a deep vein of Realpolitik and pragmatism in Indonesia’s alignment behavior, which prompted it to abandon neutrality when the international and domestic objectives of policymakers outweighed their commitment to the bebas-aktif policy. But the thesis found Indonesia’s most common approach to alignment was the use of a range of ‘smart’ strategies designed to maximise the benefits and minimise the risks of alignment. The principal risks could be placed in two categories: first, the risk of losing policy autonomy and, second, the risk of alignment choice provoking a domestic or international backlash. The thesis also reviewed methods of analysing decisions under conditions of risk. Comparing a rational actor model with a psychological model of choice, it found policymakers were prone to depart from the precepts of rational choice under conditions of crisis and uncertainty when the risk of critical loss to the state was is high.
An analysis of the structure and function of protein tyrosine phosphatase ⍺
Creators: name: Harder, Kenneth W.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The molecular basis for the control of cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation involves the coordinated activities of a diverse collection of molecules. Many, if not all, developmental processes are influenced by growth factors, extracellular matrix components, and/or adhesion molecules, which elicit changes in cytoskeletal organization, metabolism, and gene transcription. Signal transduction often involves the activation of tyrosine kinase activity associated with specific receptors. Receptor, or receptor-linked tyrosine kinases, then orchestrate the assembly of multimeric signaling complexes and regulate the activities of various downstream enzymes. Thus, tyrosine kinases form a critical link between the extracellular environment and the signal transduction machinery of the cytoplasm. The protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), by dephosphorylating phosphotyrosine residues, play a critical, albeit less understood role in the regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation. A search for additional members of the PTP family, which now includes over 40 enzymes, led to the identification of PTP⍺, a widelyexpressed receptor-like PTP. In studies aimed at characterizing this PTP, we expressed PTP⍺ in both eukaryotic and bacterial cells. To assess the potential substrate specificity of these enzymes, select bacterially expressed PTPs were assayed with a group of synthetic phosphopeptide substrates using a modified colorimetric assay. These studies suggested that the substrate specificity of PTPs such as PTPβ may be influenced by the context of amino acids surrounding a given phosphotyrosine residue. Studies of the in vivo activity of PTP⍺, investigated by its overexpression in human epidermoid cells, revealed a role for PTP⍺ in the activation and/or dephosphorylation of specific Src family kinases. Moreover, PTP⍺ overexpression dramatically increased the cell-substratum adhesion of these cells and altered the tyrosine phosphorylation and associations of specific focal adhesion molecules, suggesting a role for this enzyme in cell-adhesion. Furthermore, an SH3 domain-binding motif was identified in the membrane-proximal region of PTP⍺, which like similar proline-rich regions in various retroviral oncoproteins and cytokine receptors, was able to bind specific SH3 domains in vitro.
Geometry of Vaidya spacetimes
Creators: name: Coudray, Armand
name: Nicolas, Jean-Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83C57, 83C20

description: We investigate the geometrical structure of Vaidya's spacetime in the case of a white hole with decreasing mass, stabilising to a black hole in finite or infinite time or evaporating completely. Our approach relies on a detailed analysis of the ordinary differential equation describing the incoming principal null geodesics, among which are the generators of the past horizon. We devote special attention to the case of a complete evaporation in infinite time and establish the existence of an asymptotic light-like singularity of the conformal curvature, touching both the past space-like singularity and future time-like infinity. This singularity is present independently of the decay rate of the mass. We derive an explicit formula that relates directly the strength of this null singularity to the asymptotic behaviour of the mass function.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures
Production experiment, subject 4
Creators: name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: kdt

description: Target and distractor stimuli embedded in carrier sentences. Subject is a 27-year-old male. Carried out in a quiet room in the temple of Wat Nakharin in Ban Khi Nak.
Quark matter in compact stars?
Creators: name: Alford, Mark
name: Blaschke, David
name: Drago, Alessandro
name: Klahn, Thomas
name: Pagliara, Giuseppe
name: Schaffner-Bielich, Juergen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ozel, in a recent reanalysis of EXO 0748-676 observational data (astro-ph/0605106), concluded that quark matter probably does not exist in the center of compact stars. We show that the data is actually consistent with the presence of quark matter in compact stars.
description: 4 pages, LaTeX; New title and overall rewrite to reflect version published in Nature. Conclusions unchanged
Hybrid Stars with Hyperons and Strange Quark Matter
Creators: name: Husain, Wasif
name: Thomas, Anthony W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the possibility of having hybrid stars with a phase transition from hadrons into strange matter at the core of a neutron star in b equilibrium. For the hadron phase equation of state (EoS) the quark-meson coupling model is used, while the MIT bag model is used to describe the strange matter phase. The phase transition is treated using the Gibbs construction method and results are calculated and checked against the observational constaints imposed on the EoS. The results are also compared with the hadronic EoS including hyperons, F-QMC700
description: Asia Pacific conference publication