cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Morphology and evolution of umbral dots and their substructures
Creators: name: Sobotka, M.
name: Puschmann, K. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Substructures - dark lanes and tails - of umbral dots (UDs) were predicted by numerical simulations of magnetoconvection. We analyse a 6 h 23 min time series of broadband images of a large umbra in the active region NOAA 10634, acquired with the 1-m Swedish Solar Telescope, in the wavelength band around 602 nm. A 43 min part of this series was reconstructed with the MFBD method, reaching a spatial resolution of 0.14". We measure brightness, size, lifetime, and horizontal velocities of various umbral structures. Most (90 %) of UDs and bright point-like features in faint LBs split and merge, and their median lifetimes are 3.5 or 5.7 min, depending on whether the split or merge event is considered as the end of their life. Both UDs and features in faint LBs that do not split or merge are clearly smaller (0.15") than the average size (0.17") of all features. Horizontal motions of umbral bright small-scale features are directed either into the umbra or along faint LBs with mean horizontal velocities of 0.34 km/s. Features faster than 0.4 km/s appear mostly at the periphery of the umbra. The intensity of dark lanes, measured in four bright central UDs (CUDs), is by a factor 0.8 lower than the peak intensity of CUDs. The width of dark lanes is probably less than the resolution limit 0.14". The characteristic time of substructure changes of UDs is ~4 min. We observe narrow (0.14") bright and dark filaments connected with PUDs. Usually one dark and two bright filaments form a 0.4" wide tail attached to one PUD, resembling a short dark-cored penumbral filament. Our results indicate the similarity between PUDs and PGs located at the tips of bright penumbral filaments. The features seen in numerical MHD simulations are consistent with our observations of dark lanes in CUDs and tails attached to PUDs.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, Astronomy & Astrophysics, in press
Asymptotic normality and consistency of a two-stage generalized least squares estimator in the growth curve model
Creators: name: Hu, Jianhua
name: Yan, Guohua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $\mathbf{Y}=\mathbf{X}\boldsΘ\mathbf{Z}'+\bolds{\mathcal {E}}$ be the growth curve model with $\bolds{\mathcal{E}}$ distributed with mean $\mathbf{0}$ and covariance $\mathbf{I}_n\otimes\boldsΣ$, where $\boldsΘ$, $\boldsΣ$ are unknown matrices of parameters and $\mathbf{X}$, $\mathbf{Z}$ are known matrices. For the estimable parametric transformation of the form $\bolds γ=\mathbf{C}\boldsΘ\mathbf{D}'$ with given $\mathbf{C}$ and $\mathbf{D}$, the two-stage generalized least-squares estimator $\hat{\bolds γ}(\mathbf{Y})$ defined in (7) converges in probability to $\boldsγ$ as the sample size $n$ tends to infinity and, further, $\sqrt{n}[\hat{\boldsγ}(\mathbf{Y})-\bolds γ]$ converges in distribution to the multivariate normal distribution $\ma thcal{N}(\mathbf{0},(\mathbf{C}\mathbf{R}^{-1}\mathbf{C}')\otimes(\mat hbf{D}(\mathbf{Z}'\boldsΣ^{-1}\mathbf{Z})^{-1}\mathbf{D}'))$ under the condition that $\lim_{n\to\infty}\mathbf{X}'\mathbf{X}/n=\mathbf{R}$ for some positive definite matrix $\mathbf{R}$. Moreover, the unbiased and invariant quadratic estimator $\hat{\boldsΣ}(\mathbf{Y})$ defined in (6) is also proved to be consistent with the second-order parameter matrix $\boldsΣ$.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/08-BEJ128 the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm)
title: Resource Partitioning Among Brown Bears at Brooks River in Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska
Creators: name: Olson, Tamara L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1993

description: A quantitative study of the behavior of brown bears (Ursus arctos) was undertaken in areas of differing human activity at Brooks River in Katmai National Park and Preserve, 1988-1990. The research was conducted to determine whether the activity of any particular classes of bears using the river were differentially affected by human activity, activity of conspecifics, or availability of salmon. Approximately 1643 hours of systematic observation were recorded, 781 between June 26 and July 29 and 862 hours between August 26 and October 12 of all three years. Comparisons of fish capture rates by bears and distributions of bear use among observation zones were made by grouping individually identified bears according to both their age-sex class and tolerance of people (habituation). Differences in distributions of use among age-sex classes were apparent only during June-July; during that time subadults and females with young favored use of the river below Brooks Falls to a greater degree than other bears. Fish capture rates recorded during July 1990 showed a more than three-fold increase over those observed 1988-1989. The apparent increase in fish availability to bears that year was accompanied by the only observed differences in fish capture rates among age-sex classes. During July 1990 salmon availability in the observation zones near Brooks Camp increased significantly over the previous two years; habituated bears (tolerant of people atm) showed nearly three times as much use of those zones as in 1988-1989. In contrast, nonhabituated bears (61.5%-76.3% of all adult bears observed among observation years and seasons) showed minimal use of these areas despite the high availability of salmon. During the fall of each year fish capture rates appeared highest in the observation zones near Brooks Camp. Habituated bears used these zones significantly more than did nonhabituated bears, and overall rates of river use were higher for habituated than nonhabituated bears. Depending on their habituation class, females with young showed distinctly different use patterns through the fall season and across observation zones. All nonhabituated females with young (50.0% of females with young of known habituation class) favored use of the observation zone nearest Brooks Camp, and their activity was highest late in the season when human activity was minimal. The implications of patterns of use by age-sex class and degree of habituation to people are discussed.
title: Determining Initial Values for Stiff Systems with Incomplete Initial Data
Creators: name: Ning, Yech-Kuang
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1980

description: Stiff differential equations frequently arise in physical problems due to the existence of greatly differing time constants. One way of solving stiff differential equations is taking the step size very small, another way is using an A-stable or stiffly stable implicit method. The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the method of determining initial values fo r stiff systems. The algorithm was motivated by a problem from ionospheric physics in which some of the initial values are unknown. If we give those unknown initial values an arbitrary number and integrated with those values, we have an initial transient. However, if we integrate with the correct initial values then there is no initial transient.
The mean curvature at the first singular time of the mean curvature flow
Creators: name: Le, Nam
name: Sesum, Natasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C44

description: Consider a family of smooth immersions $F(\cdot,t): M^n\to \mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ of closed hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ moving by the mean curvature flow $\frac{\partial F(p,t)}{\partial t} = -H(p,t)\cdot ν(p,t)$, for $t\in [0,T)$. We prove that the mean curvature blows up at the first singular time $T$ if all singularities are of type I. In the case $n = 2$, regardless of the type of a possibly forming singularity, we show that at the first singular time the mean curvature necessarily blows up provided that either the Multiplicity One Conjecture holds or the Gaussian density is less than two. We also establish and give several applications of a local regularity theorem which is a parabolic analogue of Choi-Schoen estimate for minimal submanifolds.
How Far Are We from the Quantum Theory of Gravity?
Creators: name: Woodard, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I give a pedagogical explanation of what it is about quantization that makes general relativity go from being a nearly perfect classical theory to a very problematic quantum one. I also explain why some quantization of gravity is unavoidable, why quantum field theories have divergences, why the divergences of quantum general relativity are worse than those of the other forces, what physicists think this means and what they might do with a consistent theory of quantum gravity if they had one. Finally, I discuss the quantum gravitational data that have recently become available from cosmology.
description: 106 page review article solicited by Reports on Progress in Physics
Sidewalk Measurements from Satellite Images: Preliminary Findings
Creators: name: Hosseini, Maryam
name: Araujo, Iago B.
name: Yazdanpanah, Hamed
name: Tokuda, Eric K.
name: Miranda, Fabio
name: Silva, Claudio T.
name: Cesar, Roberto M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large-scale analysis of pedestrian infrastructures, particularly sidewalks, is critical to human-centric urban planning and design. Benefiting from the rich data set of planimetric features and high-resolution orthoimages provided through the New York City Open Data portal, we train a computer vision model to detect sidewalks, roads, and buildings from remote-sensing imagery and achieve 83% mIoU over held-out test set. We apply shape analysis techniques to study different attributes of the extracted sidewalks. More specifically, we do a tile-wise analysis of the width, angle, and curvature of sidewalks, which aside from their general impacts on walkability and accessibility of urban areas, are known to have significant roles in the mobility of wheelchair users. The preliminary results are promising, glimpsing the potential of the proposed approach to be adopted in different cities, enabling researchers and practitioners to have a more vivid picture of the pedestrian realm.
The crystal structure of hexamethylcyclotriphosphazene - iodine (1:1 adduct) and the structural redetermination of sodium formate
Creators: name: Markila, Peter Lennart
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis consists of the structures of two compounds as determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction. The first structure is that of a phosphazene - iodine complex: hexamethylcyclotriphosphazene - iodine (1:1 adduct) and the second structure is the redetermination of sodium formate. Crystals of hexamethylcyclotriphosphazene - iodine (1:1 adduct) are triclinic, a = 10.707(13), b = 8.873 (5), c = 8.871(6)Å, α = 96. 65 (6), β = 103.91 (12), ɤ = 97.81(12)°, Z = 2, space-group PI. The structure was determined with Mo-K« diffractometer data by Patterson and Fourier synthesis, and was refined by full-matrix least-squares calculations to R = 0.053 for 1934 observed reflexions. The iodine molecule is weakly bonded to a nitrogen atom on the phosphazene ring, N - I = 2.417(7), I - I = 2. 823 (1) Å, N - I - I = 177.8(2)°. The six-membered phosphazene ring is slightly, but significantly, ncn-planar, the conformation being that of a chair. The molecule has pseudo-m symmetry. Two distinct P-N bonds are present; the longer ones, mean P - N = 1.64 Å, involve the nitrogen that is weakly bonded to the iodine molecule, while the other four P-N bonds are equivalent, mean P - N = 1.598 Å. All the P - C bonds are equivalent, mean P - C = 1.789 Å. The mean endocyclic N - P - N and P - N - P angles are 114.7 and 124.0° respectively, while the mean exocyclic C - P - C angle is 104°. Crystals of sodium formate are mcnoclinic, a = 6.2590 (6), b = 6.7573 (16) , c = 6.716 (5) Å, β = 116.140(6)°, Z = 4, space-grcup C2/c. The structure was determined by direct methods, and was refined by electron density and full-matrix least-squares procedures to E = 0.022 for 250 reflexions. Sodium formate is planar and has C2V symmetry. Partial charges were refined on the formate ion. The partial charges found on each atom are as follows: 0 -0.23(1)e, C +0.16(3)e, H -0.49(10)e, and Sa +0.79(14)e. The sodium ion has six oxygen neighbours at an average distance of 2.45 Å and there are weak Na. ..0 interactions. There is a C - H...Na hydrogen bond which forms continuous rows of sodium formate ions. The C - 0 bond distance is 1.246(1)Å and the 0 - C - 0 angle is 126.3(2)°.
La tipicidad en la pérdida de investidura. Elementos para su noción
Creators: name: Carvajal Argoty, Rufo Arturo
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Democracia - Aspectos jurídicos
subject: Derecho penal - Colombia
subject: Derecho administrativo - Legislación
subject: Pérdida de investidura
subject: Noción de tipicidad en la pérdida de investidura
subject: Tipicidad
subject: Elementos de tipicidad

description: La noción de la tipicidad en la pérdida de investidura debe ser valorativa, integrada por los principios de representación democrática, dignidad del cargo, en el que confluya el contexto del correspondiente tipo, como causal de pérdida de investidura que se invoque. Para lograrlo, el estudio propone analizar el comportamiento de la pérdida de investidura en el derecho penal a lo largo de la historia, agregando el contenido normativo y jurisprudencial colombiano.
description: The notion of typicality in the loss of investiture must be evaluative, integrated by the principles of democratic representation, dignity of office, in which the context of the corresponding type converges, as a cause for the loss of investiture that is invoked. To achieve this, the study proposes to analyze the behavior of the loss of investiture in criminal law throughout history, adding the Colombian normative and jurisprudential content.
Divergencia en la validez de la prueba del pago en la acción de repetición : en búsqueda de la certeza probatoria
Creators: name: Saker Hernandez, Boris
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Prueba - Derecho
subject: Derecho administrativo - Aspectos jurídicos
subject: Responsabilidad administrativa - Estudios de caso
subject: Repetición
subject: Pago
subject: Divergencias
subject: Pruebas

description: El texto aborda diferentes perspectivas sobre la prueba del pago en el juicio de repetición, destacando que cada una tiene sus ventajas y desventajas. Por un lado, la postura jurisprudencial tradicional exige pruebas directas del pago, como cartas de pago o recibos del acreedor, lo que garantiza certeza pero limita la flexibilidad probatoria. Por otro lado, la teoría de la libertad de medios y la sana crítica aboga por una mayor flexibilidad, permitiendo una variedad de pruebas que pueden beneficiar a la entidad demandante, pero podrían generar incertidumbre y desequilibrio procesal. Se sugiere la combinación de ambas posturas para aprovechar sus fortalezas. Respecto al certificado del pagador mencionado en el CPACA, se considera una prueba sumaria del pago, no definitiva, sujeta a contradicción y defensa del demandado. Finalmente, no se recomienda que el juez del contencioso administrativo decrete pruebas de oficio para corregir deficiencias en la demostración del pago, ya que es responsabilidad de la administración presentar todas las pruebas necesarias desde el inicio del proceso.
description: The text explores different perspectives on the proof of payment in the repetition trial, highlighting that each has its advantages and disadvantages. On one hand, the traditional jurisprudential stance requires direct evidence of payment, such as payment receipts or creditor statements, ensuring certainty but limiting probative flexibility. On the other hand, the theory of freedom of means and sound judgment advocates for greater flexibility, allowing a variety of evidence that may benefit the plaintiff entity, but could generate uncertainty and procedural imbalance. It is suggested to combine both approaches to leverage their strengths. Regarding the payor certificate mentioned in the CPACA, it is considered a summary proof of payment, not definitive, subject to contradiction and defense by the defendant. Finally, it is not recommended for the administrative court judge to decree evidence ex officio to correct deficiencies in proving payment, as it is the responsibility of the administration to present all necessary evidence from the outset of the process.
Pulsation in carbon-atmosphere white dwarfs: A new chapter in white dwarf asteroseismology
Creators: name: Fontaine, G.
name: Brassard, P.
name: Dufour, P.
name: Green, E. M.
name: Liebert, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present some of the results of a survey aimed at exploring the asteroseismological potential of the newly-discovered carbon-atmosphere white dwarfs. We show that, in certains regions of parameter space, carbon-atmosphere white dwarfs may drive low-order gravity modes. We demonstrate that our theoretical results are consistent with the recent exciting discovery of luminosity variations in SDSS J1426+5752 and some null results obtained by a team of scientists at McDonald Observatory. We also present follow-up photometric observations carried out by ourselves at the Mount Bigelow 1.6-m telescope using the new Mont4K camera. The results of follow-up spectroscopic observations at the MMT are also briefly reported, including the surprising discovery that SDSS J1426+5752 is not only a pulsating star but that it is also a magnetic white dwarf with a surface field near 1.2 MG. The discovery of $g$-mode pulsations in SDSS J1426+5752 is quite significant in itself as it opens a fourth asteroseismological "window", after the GW Vir, V777 Her, and ZZ Ceti families, through which one may study white dwarfs.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Journal of Physics Conference Proceedings for the 16th European White Dwarf Workshop
La corte come istituzione educativa: la formazione del cortigiano
Creators: name: Vanni, Laura
Publisher: name: Studi sulla Formazione
Year: 2012

description: The Renaissance’s court has historically played a lot of functions: as a place of power, as cultural, administrative and juridical center, as home of the lord and his retinue. This institution has also the role of school of behaviour for those that were part of the court, setting from time to time, specific educational styles and behaviour models. The paper aims to analyse the pedagogical-educational function of the court, trying to show the characteristics, the modes and aims.
description: Studi sulla Formazione, Anno XIV, II-2011
Extended phase-space symplectic-like integrators for coherent post-Newtonian Euler-Lagrange equations
Creators: name: Pan, Guifan
name: Wu, Xin
name: Liang, Enwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent or exact equations of motion for a post-Newtonian Lagrangian formalism are the Euler-Lagrange equations without any terms truncated. They naturally conserve energy {and} angular momentum. Doubling the phase-space variables of positions and momenta in the coherent equations, we establish extended phase-space symplectic-like integrators with the midpoint permutations. The velocities should be solved iteratively from the algebraic equations of the momenta defined by the Lagrangian during the course of numerical integrations. It is shown numerically that a fourth-order extended phase-space symplectic-like method exhibits good long-term stable error behavior in energy {and} angular momentum, as a fourth-order implicit symplectic method with a symmetric composition of three second-order implicit midpoint rules or a fourth-order Gauss-Runge-Kutta implicit symplectic scheme does. For given time step and integration time, the former method is superior to the latter integrators in computational efficiency. {The extended phase-space method is used to study the effects of the parameters and initial conditions on the orbital dynamics of the coherent Euler-Lagrange equations for a post-Newtonian circular restricted three-body problem. It is also applied to trace the effects of the initial spin angles, initial separation and initial orbital eccentricity on the dynamics of the coherent post-Newtonian Euler-Lagrange equations of spinning compact binaries.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures
Las asociaciones publico privadas de la ley 1508 de 2012, como vehículos contractuales para la administración, mantenimiento, conservación, operación y explotación económica de los parques nacionales naturales : una propuesta de desarrollo económico sostenible
Creators: name: Huertas Salazar, Carlos Julian
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Servicios públicos - Planificación
subject: Recursos naturales - Aspectos jurídicos
subject: Derecho público - Colombia
subject: Asociaciones publico privadas
subject: Ley 1508 de 2012
subject: Parques nacionales naturales
subject: Desarrollo económico sostenible

description: Las APP reguladas por la Ley 1508 de 2012, se pueden convertir en una herramienta contractual que permita el cumplimiento de un servicio público de conservación y protección de los PNN por parte del Estado, al tiempo, que se procura la explotación económica de las riquezas que estos sitios concentran sin necesidad de llegar a su menoscabo o detrimento, si no, generando una alternativa de desarrollo sostenible y sustentable de estos elementos naturales. Teniendo de presente que los PNN gozan de una gran extensión, concentración de riquezas naturales, pero al tiempo, con restricciones normativas para su uso y sustracción, se hace difícil la conservación y protección de estas zonas de relevante protección constitucional, por lo que, las APP, dada su naturaleza de atraer capitales del sector privado para la construcción de infraestructura y prestación de servicios públicos, involucrando la operación, mantenimiento y la explotación económica, forma en que se retribuye al inversionista privado; se muestra, como una alternativa contractual más eficiente para el cumplimiento del fin público perseguido, logrando la conservación y protección de estas áreas al tiempo de lograr su explotación económica, lo que deriva en un desarrollo sostenible.
description: The APPs regulated by the Law 1508 of 2012, can become a contractual tool that allows the fulfillment of a public service of conservation and protection of the PNN by the State, at the same time, that seeks the economic exploitation of the wealth that these sites concentrate without the need to reach their impairment or detriment, if not, generating an alternative of sustainable development of these natural elements. Bearing in mind that the PNN enjoy a great extension, concentration of natural wealth, but at the same time, with normative restrictions for their use and subtraction, it difficults the conservation and protection of these relevant constitutional protection zones. Therefore, the APP, given their nature of attracting capitals from the private sector for the construction of infrastructure and provision of public services, involving the operation, maintenance and economic exploitation, form in which the private investor is repaid; is shown as a more efficient contractual alternative for the fulfillment of the public goals pursued, achieving the conservation and protection of these areas while achieving their economic exploitation, which results in sustainable development.
La ripresa gramsciana e il principio educativo
Creators: name: Orsomarso, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: Studi sulla Formazione
Year: 2012

description: The essay wants to point out the purposes of Gramsci's research of a new educational principle and more generally of educational processes, interpreting the "praxis" philosophy as a modern moral and intellectual reform. That required to outline briefly the transitions characterizing the theoretical and cultural elaboration of the communist intellectual, far from the stiffness and the cultural schematism that marked the history of most of the twentieth century Marxism.
description: Studi sulla Formazione, Anno XV, I-2012
La doctrina del precedente judicial en Colombia : origen, desarrollo, incorporación y conceptualización
Creators: name: Herrera Ciro, Keren Susana
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Colombia - Corte Suprema de Justicia
subject: Poder público - Legislación
subject: Tribunales - Colombia
subject: Doctrina del precedente judicial
subject: Migración de ideas constitucionales
subject: Incorporación
subject: Jurisprudencia constitucional

description: La investigación pretende poner de presente que, la doctrina del precedente judicial es foránea, proveniente de los sistemas del Common Law, donde surgió el principio “stare decisis”, se fortaleció como la doctrina que hoy se conoce y ha migrado a diferentes sistemas jurídicos alrededor del mundo, incluyendo el colombiano. En efecto, Colombia ha sido uno de los países en los que se ha incorporado, mediante los fallos de la Corte Constitucional. Tal incorporación no se llevó a cabo de forma aislada tomando elementos foráneos, sino que se han armonizado con base en las particularidades del sistema judicial colombiano, herencia de las raíces romano-germánicas, compaginándolos con conceptos y elementos de la doctrina del precedente judicial que provienen de los sistemas del Common Law. En ese orden, su aplicación y conceptualización en Colombia ha generado efectos que se han reflejado en: la reinterpretación del artículo 230 constitucional; un cambio constitucional informal; y, un choque notable entre las Altas Cortes ( entiéndase para efectos del presente trabajo Corte Suprema de Justica y Consejo de Estado) para la aceptación del precedente constitucional, incidiendo en todo el sistema judicial y jurídico nacional, incluso en la forma como se dimensiona el derecho dentro del Estado Colombiano.
description: The research intends to show that the doctrine of judicial precedent is foreign, coming from the Common Law systems, where the principle of "stare decisis" emerged, strengthened as the doctrine that is known today and has migrated to different legal systems around the world, including the Colombian. Indeed, Colombia has been one of the countries in which it has been incorporated, through the rulings of the Constitutional Court. Such incorporation was not carried out in an isolated manner, taking foreign elements, but has been harmonized based on the particularities of the Colombian judicial system, inherited from its Roman-Germanic roots, combining them with concepts and elements of the doctrine of the judicial precedent that come from the Common Law systems. In that sense, its application and conceptualization in Colombia has generated effects that have been reflected in: the reinterpretation of Article 230 of the Constitution; an informal constitutional change; and a notable clash between the Highest Courts (namely, for the purposes of this paper, the Supreme Court of Justice and the Council of State) for the acceptance of the constitutional precedent, affecting the entire national judicial and legal system, including the way in which the law is dimensioned within the Colombian State.
La migración de la regla de exclusión al ordenamiento jurídico colombiano : recepción, conceptualización, desarrollo y efectos
Creators: name: Galindo Pineda, Juan David
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Derecho probatorio - Legislación
subject: Prueba - Derecho
subject: Derecho público - Aspectos jurídicos
subject: Migración
subject: Ideas constitucionales
subject: Regla de exclusión
subject: Pruebas derivadas

description: En este documento se presenta la manera cómo el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano fue receptor de ideas foráneas que hicieron parte fundamental de la construcción del estado constitucional de derecho. Una de esas ideas fue la regla de exclusión probatoria, traída del derecho norteamericano por el constituyente de 1991, positivizada en el artículo 29 de la constitución, pero reconocido su origen foráneo hasta el fallo SU-159 de 2002. Norma que fue objeto de pronunciamientos y desarrollos jurisprudenciales y legales que dotaron de contenido su alcance, excepciones y efectos tanto teóricos como prácticos en el ordenamiento jurídico interno. interno.
description: In this paper, we introduce how the Colombian legal system was permeated by foreign concepts that played pivotal roles in the making of a rule-of-law State. In 1991, the evidentiary exclusion rule was introduced in Colombia. It was brought from the Common Law system and written in Article 29 of the Colombian Constitution (1991). The Constitutional Court of Colombia, recognized the origin of the exclusion rule in court opinion SU-159/2002. This case also established the scope, effect, consequences, and all practical issues and theories around this evidence rule in the local legal system.
Microcavity exciton-polariton mediated Raman scattering: Experiments and theory
Creators: name: Bruchhausen, A.
name: Hilario, L. M. Leon
name: Aligia, A. A.
name: Lobos, A. M.
name: Fainstein, A.
name: Jusserand, B.
name: Andre, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the intensity of resonant Raman scattering due to optical phonons in a planar II-VI-type semiconductor microcavity in the regime of strong coupling between light and matter. Two different sets of independent experiments were performed at near outgoing resonance with the middle polariton (MP)branch of the cavity. In the first, the Stokes-shifted photons were kept at exact resonance with the MP, varying the photonic or excitonic character of the polariton. In the second, only the incoming light wavelength was varied, and the resonant profile of the inelastic scattered intensity was studied when the system was tuned out of the resonant condition. Taking some matrix elements as free parameters, both independent experiments are quantitatively described by a model which incorporates lifetime effects in both excitons and photons, and the coupling of the cavity photons to the electron-hole continuum. The model is solved using a Green's function approach which treats the exciton-photon coupling nonperturbatively.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Observation of spin splitting in the surface electronic structure of antiferromagnet NdBi
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Rikako
name: Motoyama, Takeru
name: Iwata, Takuma
name: Kosa, Towa
name: Nishioka, Yukimi
name: Ideura, Kazumasa
name: Arita, Masashi
name: Miyamoto, Koji
name: Okuda, Taichi
name: Kimura, Akio
name: Yamada, Takemi
name: Yanagi, Yuki
name: Onimaru, Takahiro
name: Kuroda, Kenta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin splitting in electronic band structures via antiferromagnetic orders is a new route to control spin-polarized carriers that is available for spintronics applications. Here, we investigated the spin degree of freedom in the electronic band structures of the antiferromagnet NdBi using laser-based spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (laser-SARPES). Our laser-SARPES experiments revealed that the two surface bands that appear in the antiferromagnetic state are spin-polarized in opposite directions as a counterpart of the spin splitting. Moreover, we observed that the spin polarization is antisymmetric to the electron momentum, indicating that spin degeneracy is lifted due the breaking of inversion symmetry at the surface. These results are well reproduced by our density functional theory calculations with the single-q magnetic structure, implying that the spin-split surface state is determined by the breaking of inversion symmetry in concert with the antiferromagnetic order.
title: Integrated Systems Modeling to Improve Watershed Habitat Management and Decision Making
Creators: name: Alafifi, Ayman H.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2018

description: Regulated rivers provide opportunities to improve habitat quality by managing the times, locations, and magnitudes of reservoir releases and diversions across the watershed. To identify these opportunities, managers select priority species and determine when, where, and how to allocate water between competing human and environmental users in the basin. Systems models have been used to recommend allocation of water between species. However, many models consider species’ water needs as constraints on instream flow that is managed to maximize human beneficial uses. Many models also incorporate uncertainty in the system and report an overwhelmingly large number of management alternatives. This dissertation presents three new novel models to recommend the allocation of water and money to improve habitat quality. The new models also facilitate communicating model results to managers and to the public. First, a new measurable and observable habitat metric quantifies habitat area and quality for priority aquatic, floodplain, and wetland habitat species. The metric is embedded in a systems model as an ecological objective to maximize. The systems model helps managers to identify times and locations at which to apply scarce water to most improve habitat area and quality for multiple competing species. Second, a cluster analysis approach is introduced to reduce large dimensional uncertainty problems in habitat models and focus management efforts on the important parameters to measure and monitor more carefully. The approach includes manager preferences in the search for clusters. It identifies a few, easy-to-interpret management options from a large multivariate space of possible alternatives. Third, an open-access web tool helps water resources modelers display model outputs on an interactive web map. The tool allows modelers to construct node-link networks on a web map and facilitates sharing and visualizing spatial and temporal model outputs. The dissertation applies all three studies to the Lower Bear River, Utah, to guide ongoing habitat conservation efforts, recommend water allocation strategies, and provide important insights on ways to improve overall habitat quality and area.
Ultraviolet-Selected Field and Pre-Main-Sequence Stars Towards Taurus and Upper Scorpius
Creators: name: Findeisen, Krzysztof
name: Hillenbrand, Lynne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have carried out a Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) Cycle 1 guest investigator program covering 56 square degrees near the Taurus T association and 12 square degrees along the northern edge of the Upper Scorpius OB association. We combined photometry in the GALEX FUV and NUV bands with data from the Two Micron All Sky Survey to identify candidate young (<100 Myr old) stars as those with an ultraviolet excess relative to older main sequence stars. Follow-up spectroscopy of a partial sample of these candidates suggest 5 new members of Taurus, with 8-20 expected from additional observations, and 5 new members of Upper Scorpius, with 3-6 expected from additional observations. These candidate new members appear to represent a distributed, non-clustered population in either region, although our sample statistics are as of yet too poor to constrain the nature or extent of this population. Rather, our study demonstrates the ability of GALEX observations to identify young stellar populations distributed over a wide area of the sky. We also highlight the necessity of a better understanding of the Galactic ultraviolet source population to support similar investigations. In particular, we report a large population of stars with an ultraviolet excess but no optical indicators of stellar activity or accretion, and briefly argue against several interpretations of these sources.
description: 46 pages, 16 figures, 13 tables; Accepted to the Astronomical Journal
ROLES OF THE SMC5/6 COMPLEX IN DNA REPAIR AND CHROMOSOME INTEGRITY IN VERTEBRATE CELLS
Creators: name: ROSSI, FRANCESCO
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2018

description: DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms are crucial in all organisms to detect DNA damage and integrate its repair with cell cycle control, chromatin structure, and other adaptive changes in cell physiology. The highly conserved structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complex, SMC5/6, contains both SUMO and ubiquitin ligase activities in its composition and is crucial for processing recombination structures arising during replication. Differently from related SMC complexes such as Cohesin and Condensin, the function of SMC5/6 in genome maintenance and its mode of action remain to date hardly understood. Moreover, a lack of cellular models for SMC5/6, especially in human cell lines, has hampered progress in understanding its roles in DDR in model systems most relevant for human disease. Here, we established vertebrate and human cellular models of SMC5/6 knockouts and characterized the associated phenotypes in a battery of assays. Specifically, I established (conditional) SMC5 knockout (KO) in chicken (DT40) and human (TK6) B cell lines. We generated a conditional SMC5 KO in TK6 human cell lines, and uncovered that SMC5 depletion caused apoptosis-mediated lethality, associated with increased DSBs and cohesion defects. In chicken DT40 cell lines, SMC5 KO causes a slow growth phenotype depending on the temperature condition. Second, we investigated the roles of SMC5/6 in intra- and inter-strand crosslink (ICL) repair. SMC5 shows epistasis with FA core mutations, as well as with DDX11 and RAD17, without affecting FANCD2-I ubiquitination and CHK1 phosphorylation. We propose that SMC5 is working downstream of FA and RAD17/DDX11-mediated pathways, likely in resolving the emerging recombination intermediates. Third, we are attempting to identify the principles underlying SMC5/6 roles in the establishment/maintenance of chromatin structure/cohesion and integrity of specific genomic loci such as replicating fragile sites and centromeric/peri-centromeric regions. To these ends, we have used BLISS, a genomic approach to map DSBs, and plan to employ ChIP-seq of endogenously tagged SMC5/6.
POLYCOMB ROLE IN CELLULAR PROLIFERATION AND TRANSFORMATION
Creators: name: PIUNTI, ANDREA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2014

description: The Polycomb Group proteins (PcGs) are present in cells nuclei as two main repressive complexes named Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and 2 (PRC2). Both have been involved in several cellular functions among which the ability to promote cellular proliferation is the main PcG feature that links their activity to cancer development. Both complexes are directly involved in repressing the transcription of the Ink4aArf locus that encodes for the tumor suppressive proteins p16 and p19/Arf (p14/Arf in humans), potent inhibitors of cell growth via the positive regulation of pRb and p53 functions. Thus, since the activity of both PRC1 and PRC2 complexes is frequently enhanced in different type of human tumors, inhibition of PcG function has been proposed for many years as a potential strategy for cancer treatment. Yet, the fact that the pro-proliferative role of PcG proteins depends on the repression of the pRb and p53 pathways, of which most if not all tumors are defective, generates a scientific paradox for the effectiveness of PcG inhibition in cancer treatment. In this thesis, with the help of my colleagues, (from now on referred as we) I will present data showing how PcGs genetic depletion dramatically impairs cellular proliferation independently on the expression of the Ink4a/Arf locus or p53 and pRb activities. We also genetically demonstrate, in cell culture and in vivo, that PcGs activity is required for both the transformation and the maintenance of the transformed phenotype obtained by expression of potent oncogenes such as H-RASV12 or c-MYC in cells defective for the pathways of p53 and pRb. Finally we suggest a potential mechanism to explain the reduced proliferation/tumorigenic potential involving DNA replication control by PcG proteins. We show defects both in fork progression and fork symmetry along with increased replication origin numbers in PcGs knockout transformed cells. Collectively these data strongly support PcGs as master regulators of cellular proliferation and transformation independently on the impairment of main tumor suppressive pathways and introduce a novel general mechanism through which PcGs regulate these processes. Overall this work supports PcGs as druggable targets in tumors where oncosuppressive pathways are de-regulated and proliferation, ergo DNA replication, is enhanced.
El mar: un camino hacia la paz
Creators: name: Valenzuela, Andrés Palma
Publisher: name: Studi sulla Formazione
Year: 2014

description: On the occasion of the presentation in the city of Florence in June 2013 the book La voce della pace comes dal mare. Experiences cooperazione e ricerca di internazionali per a convivenza tra le culture, and what i dirriti sviloppo a cura di Silvia Guetta, these pages provide an analysis of some of the most significant contributions of Professor Guetta on the Culture of Peace. Specifically, the relationship that Education for Peace offers the interiority of the person and, in particular, to teachers and educators as agents of peace.
description: Studi sulla Formazione, Anno XVI, II-2013
$β$ Decay Studies of Neutron-Rich Nuclei Near $^{52}$Ca
Creators: name: Crawford, H. L.
name: Janssens, R. V. F.
name: Mantica, P. F.
name: Berryman, J. S.
name: Broda, R.
name: Carpenter, M. P.
name: Fornal, B.
name: Grinyer, G. F.
name: Hoteling, N.
name: Kay, B.
name: Lauritsen, T.
name: Minamisono, K.
name: Stefanescu, I.
name: Stoker, J. B.
name: Walters, W. B.
name: Zhu, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $β$-decay and isomeric properties of $^{54}$Sc, $^{50}$K and $^{53}$Ca are presented, and their implications with respect to the goodness of the N=32 sub-shell closure discussed.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, Zakopane Conference on Nuclear Physics Proceedings
Programming with Neural Surrogates of Programs
Creators: name: Renda, Alex
name: Ding, Yi
name: Carbin, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Surrogates, models that mimic the behavior of programs, form the basis of a variety of development workflows. We study three surrogate-based design patterns, evaluating each in case studies on a large-scale CPU simulator. With surrogate compilation, programmers develop a surrogate that mimics the behavior of a program to deploy to end-users in place of the original program. Surrogate compilation accelerates the CPU simulator under study by $1.6\times$. With surrogate adaptation, programmers develop a surrogate of a program then retrain that surrogate on a different task. Surrogate adaptation decreases the simulator's error by up to $50\%$. With surrogate optimization, programmers develop a surrogate of a program, optimize input parameters of the surrogate, then plug the optimized input parameters back into the original program. Surrogate optimization finds simulation parameters that decrease the simulator's error by $5\%$ compared to the error induced by expert-set parameters. In this paper we formalize this taxonomy of surrogate-based design patterns. We further describe the programming methodology common to all three design patterns. Our work builds a foundation for the emerging class of workflows based on programming with surrogates of programs.
La «Philosophy for children» tra stile cognitivo e idea di cittadinanza
Creators: name: Cambi, Franco
Publisher: name: Studi sulla Formazione
Year: 2010

description: The author explores the significance and relevance of educational philosophy for children. It ‘important to train a person in an integral manner as final expression of all its potential and its inherent versatility. The author refers to studies for Lipman themes and methods expressed by the Philosophy for Children and also highlights the quality and training capacity. The Philosophy for Children is as a key factor of renewal and training and school practice. Has strong potential in themselves and other training programs that are developed around two main areas: cognitive, social and ethical.
description: Studi sulla Formazione, Anno XII, I/II-2009
title: Elucidating Molecular Interactions of Shigella Type Three Secretion System Components Critical for Pathogenesis
Creators: name: Burgess, R. Alan
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2018

description: Shigella spp. are Gram-negative, non-motile bacterial pathogens that are the causative agent of bacillary dysentery in humans. During infection, Shigella utilize a complex type three secretion system (T3SS) to inject effector proteins and take over host cell functions. With the rise of multi-antibiotic resistant Shigella strains, the T3SS is a promising alternative therapeutic target. While the needle and syringe-like apparatus of the T3SS has been extensively studied in Shigella, several components and mechanisms of this system remain unclear. The research presented here addresses two major knowledge gaps in the current understanding of the T3SS ATPase, Spa47, and the initial host-pathogen interaction at the tip of the apparatus. In this work, high resolution crystal structures of Spa47 guided the creation of an oligomer model which suggested ATP hydrolysis may be supported by specific side chain contributions from adjacent protomers within the complex. Mutagenesis experiments targeting predicted active site residues and the oligomerization domain revealed that active site residues alone are not responsible for Spa47 oligomerization while protein oligomerization is crucial for ATPase activity. Together with in vivo experiments, we show that ATP hydrolysis and proper Spa47 oligomer formation is critical for T3SS apparatus formation, effector secretion, and overall Shigella virulence. Additionally, we have combined the Langmuir Blodgett technique with fluorescent microscopy to visualize the interaction between key T3SS tip proteins with defined artificial phospholipid membranes. These membranes were generated using Langmuir Blodgett which provided control over lipid phase and composition. Lipid phase and protein localization were monitored using lipophilic dyes and selective fluorescent protein labeling. These experiments suggest a differential interaction between the tip protein IpaB with the membrane components cholesterol and sphingomyelin based on IpaB oligomerization. IpaC, another T3SS tip protein, was found to destabilize membranes when alone, but was stabilized in the presence of IpaB. These experiments suggest that IpaB confers IpaC stability within membranes and that tip protein localization is dependent on lipid phase and composition. Overall, these new insights into the T3SS ATPase and tip proteins provide a more complete understanding of Shigella virulence that will aid in future endeavors to identify alternative therapeutic targets for treatment.