cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Heteronida aspinirostris
Creators: name: Macpherson, Enrique
name: Baba, Keiji
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Munididae
Heteronida
Heteronida aspinirostris

description: Heteronida aspinirostris (Khodkina, 1981) Bathymunida aspinirostris Khodkina, 1981: 1261, figs 1-5. Heteronida aspinirostris – Baba & de Saint Laurent 1996: 475, fig. 3d, e. — Baba 2005: 246. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Tonga. BORDAU 2, stn CP 1510, 21°04.65’S, 175°22.52’W, 461-497 m, 31.V.2000, 1 ♂ 3.2 mm (MNHN-Ga 5321). — Stn DW 1543, 21°16’S, 175°18’W, 427-436 m, 5.VI.2000, 1 ovig. ♀ 4.3 mm (MNHN-Ga 5322). — Stn DW 1615, 23°03’S, 175°53’W, 482-504 m, 17.VI.2000, 1 ♂ 3.5 mm; 1 ovig. ♀ 4.2 mm (MNHN-Ga 5323). — Stn DW 1628, 23°22’S, 176°18’W, 400-416 m, 19.VI.2000, 1 ovig. ♀ 3.5 mm (MNHN-Ga 5324). — Stn DW 1631, 23°23’S, 176°18’W, 407-443 m, 19.VI.2000, 1 ovig. ♀ 2.9 mm (MNHN-Ga 5325). DISTRIBUTION. — Known from Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands, Chesterfield Islands and Vanuatu, in 345- 930 m. The present material from Tonga was collected between 400 and 504 m.
description: Published as part of Macpherson, Enrique & Baba, Keiji, 2006, New species and records of small galatheids (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae) from the Southwest and Central Pacific Ocean, pp. 443-456 in Zoosystema 28 (2) on page 451, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402907
description: {"references": ["KHODKINA I. V. 1981. - [A contribution to the fauna of the family Galatheidae (Decapoda) of the southwest Pacific]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 60: 1261 - 1264 (in Russian with English summary).", "BABA K. & SAINT LAURENT M. DE 1996. - Crustacea Decapoda: revision of the genus Bathymunida Balss, 1914, and description of six new related genera (Galatheidae), in CROSNIER A. (ed.), Resultats des campagnes MUSORSTOM, volume 15. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 168: 433 - 502.", "BABA K. 2005. - Deep-sea chirostylid and galatheid crustaceans (Decapoda, Anomura) from the Indo- Pacific, with a list of species. Galathea Report 20: 1 - 317."]}
Sterile Neutrinos as the Origin of Dark and Baryonic Matter
Creators: name: Canetti, Laurent
name: Drewes, Marco
name: Shaposhnikov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate for the first time that three sterile neutrinos alone can simultaneously explain neutrino oscillations, the observed dark matter and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe without new physics above the Fermi scale. The key new point of our analysis is leptogenesis after sphaleron freeze-out, which leads to resonant dark matter production, evading thus the constraints on sterile neutrino dark matter from structure formation and x-ray searches. We identify the range of sterile neutrino properties that is consistent with all known constraints. We find a domain of parameters where the new particles can be found with present day experimental techniques, using upgrades to existing experimental facilities.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; identical to published version
Combined Effect of Age and Severity on the Risk of Dementia in Parkinson's Disease
Creators: name: Levy, Gilberto
name: Schupf, Nicole
name: Tang, Mingxin
name: Cote, Lucien J.
name: Louis, Elan D.
name: Mejia-Santana, Helen
name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Marder, Karen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Neurology
Dementia
Parkinson's disease
Aging

description: Age and severity of extrapyramidal signs have been consistently associated with incident dementia in Parkinson's disease. We evaluated the separate and combined effects of age and severity of extrapyramidal signs on the risk of incident dementia in Parkinson's disease in the setting of a population-based prospective cohort study. Age and the total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score at baseline evaluation were dichotomized at the median. Four groups of Parkinson's disease patients were defined: younger age/low severity (reference), younger age/high severity, older age/low severity, and older age/high severity. Risk ratios for incident dementia were calculated with Cox proportional hazards models controlling for gender, education, ethnicity, and duration of Parkinson's disease. Of 180 patients, 52 (28.9%) became demented during a mean follow-up period of 3.6 ± 2.2 years. The median age at baseline of the Parkinson's disease patients was 71.8 years (range, 38.5–95.9 years), and the median total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score was 24 (range, 2–65). The group with older age/high severity had a significantly increased risk of incident dementia (relative risk, 9.7; 95% confidence interval, 3.9–24.4) compared with the group with younger age/low severity (reference), whereas the groups with older age/low severity (relative risk, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 0.5–4.8) and younger age/high severity (relative risk, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.5–3.2) did not. These findings suggest that the increased risk of incident dementia in Parkinson's disease associated with age and severity of extrapyramidal signs is related primarily to their combined effect rather than separate effects.
Overlap of quasiparticle random-phase approximation states for nuclear matrix elements of the neutrino-less double beta decay
Creators: name: Terasaki, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA) is applied to two nuclei, and overlap of the QRPA excited states based on the different nuclei is calculated. The aim is to calculate the overlap of intermediate nuclear states of the double-beta decay. We use the like-particle QRPA after the closure approximation is applied to the nuclear matrix elements. The overlap is calculated rigorously by making use of the explicit equation of the QRPA ground state. The formulation of the overlap is shown, and a test calculation is performed. The effectiveness of the truncations used is shown.
description: 3 minor corrections and 1 minor change
A fogyatékkal élő emberek elutasításának és elfogadásának története napjainkig és helyzetük a mai oktatási rendszerben
Creators: name: Erdei, Norbert
Publisher: name: Debreceni Egyetem
Year: 2016

description: Különleges Bánásmód, vol. 2. issue 3. ISSN 2498-5368
Additional file 1 of CD40 ligand stimulation affects the number and memory phenotypes of human peripheral CD8+ T cells
Creators: name: Choi, Haeyoun
name: Lee, Hyun-Joo
name: Sohn, Hyun-Jung
name: Kim, Tai-Gyu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional File 1: CD8+ T cells transiently express CD40L after stimulation
Decoherent Histories of Spin Networks
Creators: name: Schroeren, David P. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The decoherent histories formalism, developed by Griffiths, Gell-Mann, and Hartle is a general framework in which to formulate a timeless, `generalised' quantum theory and extract predictions from it. Recent advances in spin foam models allow for loop gravity to be cast in this framework. In this paper, I propose a decoherence functional for loop gravity and interpret existing results as showing that coarse grained histories follow quasiclassical trajectories in the appropriate limit.
description: Published version
Dusty Planetary Systems
Creators: name: Moro-Martin, Amaya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extensive photometric stellar surveys show that many main sequence stars show emission at infrared and longer wavelengths that is in excess of the stellar photosphere; this emission is thought to arise from circumstellar dust. The presence of dust disks is confirmed by spatially resolved imaging at infrared to millimeter wavelengths (tracing the dust thermal emission), and at optical to near infrared wavelengths (tracing the dust scattered light). Because the expected lifetime of these dust particles is much shorter than the age of the stars (>10 Myr), it is inferred that this solid material not primordial, i.e. the remaining from the placental cloud of gas and dust where the star was born, but instead is replenished by dust-producing planetesimals. These planetesimals are analogous to the asteroids, comets and Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) in our Solar system that produce the interplanetary dust that gives rise to the zodiacal light (tracing the inner component of the Solar system debris disk). The presence of these "debris disks" around stars with a wide range of masses, luminosities, and metallicities, with and without binary companions, is evidence that planetesimal formation is a robust process that can take place under a wide range of conditions. This chapter is divided in two parts. Part I discusses how the study of the Solar system debris disk and the study of debris disks around other stars can help us learn about the formation, evolution and diversity of planetary systems by shedding light on the frequency and timing of planetesimal formation, the location and physical properties of the planetesimals, the presence of long-period planets, and the dynamical and collisional evolution of the system. Part II reviews the physical processes that affect dust particles in the gas-free environment of a debris disk and their effect on the dust particle size and spatial distribution.
description: 68 pages, 25 figures. To be published in "Solar and Planetary Systems" (P. Kalas and L. French, Eds.), Volume 3 of the series "Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems" (T.D. Oswalt, Editor-in-chief), Springer 2012
Random Matrix Theory for the Hermitian Wilson Dirac Operator and the chGUE-GUE Transition
Creators: name: Akemann, Gernot
name: Nagao, Taro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a random two-matrix model interpolating between a chiral Hermitian (2n+nu)x(2n+nu) matrix and a second Hermitian matrix without symmetries. These are taken from the chiral Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (chGUE) and Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE), respectively. In the microscopic large-n limit in the vicinity of the chGUE (which we denote by weakly non-chiral limit) this theory is in one to one correspondence to the partition function of Wilson chiral perturbation theory in the epsilon regime, such as the related two matrix-model previously introduced in refs. [20,21]. For a generic number of flavours and rectangular block matrices in the chGUE part we derive an eigenvalue representation for the partition function displaying a Pfaffian structure. In the quenched case with nu=0,1 we derive all spectral correlations functions in our model for finite-n, given in terms of skew-orthogonal polynomials. The latter are expressed as Gaussian integrals over standard Laguerre polynomials. In the weakly non-chiral microscopic limit this yields all corresponding quenched eigenvalue correlation functions of the Hermitian Wilson operator.
description: 27 pages, 4 figures; v2 typos corrected, published version
The role of gammaherpesviruses in the development of autoimmunity
Creators: name: Casiraghi, Costanza
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The development of autoimmune diseases is thought to involve both genetic and environmental factors. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been associated with the development of both multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). My research projects aimed at identifying the mechanism that this virus is exploiting to cause autoimmunity. In the first project, the role of EBV infection of the blood brain barrier (BBB) as a trigger of MS was investigated. EBV was found to be able to infect human primary endothelial cells isolated from the BBB. EBV infected brain endothelial cells upregulated pro-inflammatory mediators and supported increased immune cell adhesion. These results suggest that EBV has the ability of increasing the BBB permeability. EBV latency and reactivation in endothelial cells could lead to initial inflammation and infiltration of the first wave of autoreactive immune cells during MS initiation. The second and third research project were aimed at developing a mouse model to study the interactions between latent gammaherpesvirus infection and the host’s immune system that may lead to autoimmunity. The role of murine gamma herpesvirus 68 (γHV-68), the murine equivalent to EBV, was analyzed in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, an experimentally induced model to study MS, and in the New Zealand Black and White (NZBW) model, a spontaneous SLE mouse model. Mice latently infected with γHV-68 developed more severe EAE that mirrored human MS more closely than EAE in uninfected mice. γHV-68 EAE mice developed lesions composed of CD4 and CD8 T cells, loss of myelin in the brain parenchyma and spinal cord. Further, T cells from the CNS of γHV-68 EAE mice were primarily Th1, producing heightened levels of IFN-γ and T-bet accompanied by IL-17 suppression and decreased regulatory T cells frequencies. γHV-68 NZBW mice exhibited a similar Th1 skewed response and they produced different types of autoantibodies, if compared to uninfected NZBW mice. Clearly, gammaherpesvirus latency polarizes the adaptive immune response in both mouse models, directs a heightened brain pathology following EAE induction reminiscent of human MS and portrays a novel mechanism by which EBV likely influences MS and other autoimmune diseases.
Nemi arányok és a rokonszenvi választások kapcsolatának vizsgálata enyhén értelmi fogyatékos tanulókat integráló osztályokban
Creators: name: Herbainé Szekeres, Erika
name: Szekeres, Ágota
Publisher: name: Debreceni Egyetem
Year: 2016

description: Különleges Bánásmód, vol. 2. issue 3. ISSN 2498-5368
Cognitive Reserve: Implications for Diagnosis and Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease
Creators: name: Scarmeas, Nikolaos
name: Stern, Yaakov
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Neurology
subject: Alzheimer's disease--Diagnosis
subject: Cognition
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Alzheimer's disease--Prevention

description: Epidemiologic evidence suggests that higher occupational attainment and education, as well as increased participation in intellectual, social, and physical aspects of daily life, are associated with slower cognitive decline in healthy elderly and may reduce the risk of incident Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is also evidence from structural and functional imaging studies that patients with such life experiences can tolerate more AD pathology before showing signs of clinical dementia. It has been hypothesized that such aspects of life experience may result in functionally more efficient cognitive networks and, therefore, provide a cognitive reserve that delays the onset of clinical manifestations of dementia. In this article, we review some of the relevant literature of the noted associations between markers of cognitive reserve and AD and discuss the possible mechanisms that may explain these associations.
Finite isospin density probe for conformality
Creators: name: Buchoff, Michael I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new method of employing an isospin chemical potential for QCD-like theories with different number of colors, number of fermion flavors, and in different fermion representations is proposed. The isospin chemical potential, which can be simulated on the lattice due to its positive definite determinant gives a means to probe both confining theories and IR conformal theories without adjusting the lattice spacing and size. As the quark mass is reduced, the isospin chemical potential provides an avenue to extract the chiral condensate in confining theories through the resulting pseudoscalar condensate. For IR conformal theories, the mass anomalous dimension can be extracted in the conformal window through "finite density" scaling since the isospin chemical potential is coupled to a conserved current. In both of these approaches, the isospin chemical potential can be continuously varied for each ensemble at comparable costs while maintaining the hierarchy between the lattice size and lattice spacing. In addition to exploring these methods, finite volume and lattice spacing effects are investigated.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures, v3: typos corrected and discussions improved. Phys. Rev. D 85, 074503 (2012)
Bridging the gap: disk formation in the Class 0 phase with ambipolar diffusion and Ohmic dissipation
Creators: name: Dapp, Wolf B.
name: Basu, Shantanu
name: Kunz, Matthew W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Ideal MHD simulations have revealed catastrophic magnetic braking (MB) in the protostellar phase, which prevents the formation of a centrifugal disk around a nascent protostar. Aims: We determine if non-ideal MHD, including the effects of ambipolar diffusion and Ohmic dissipation determined from a detailed chemical network model, allows for disk formation at the earliest stages of star formation (SF). Methods: We employ the axisymmetric thin-disk approximation in order to resolve a dynamic range of 9 orders of magnitude in length and 16 in density, while also calculating partial ionization using up to 19 species in a detailed chemical equilibrium model. MB is applied using a steady-state approximation, and a barotropic relation is used to capture the thermal evolution. Results: We resolve the formation of the first and second cores, with expansion waves at the periphery of each, a magnetic diffusion shock, and prestellar infall profiles at larger radii. Power-law profiles in each region can be understood analytically. After the formation of the second core, centrifugal support rises rapidly and a low-mass disk of radius ~10 R_Sun is formed, when the second core has mass ~0.001 M_Sun. The mass-to-flux ratio is ~10,000 times the critical value in the central region. Conclusions: A small centrifugal disk can form in the earliest stage of SF, due to a shut-off of MB caused by magnetic field dissipation in the first core region. There is enough angular momentum loss to allow the second collapse to occur directly, and a low-mass stellar core to form with a surrounding disk. The disk mass and size will depend upon how the angular momentum transport mechanisms within the disk can keep up with mass infall onto the disk. We estimate that the disk will remain
description: 19 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication at Astronomy & Astrophysics
Cognitive Reserve in Ageing and Alzheimer's Disease
Creators: name: Stern, Yaakov
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Neurology
Aging
Cognition
Alzheimer's disease

description: The concept of cognitive reserve provides an explanation for differences between individuals in susceptibility to age-related brain changes or pathology related to Alzheimer's disease, whereby some people can tolerate more of these changes than others and maintain function. Epidemiological studies suggest that lifelong experiences, including educational and occupational attainment, and leisure activities in later life, can increase this reserve. For example, the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease is reduced in individuals with higher educational or occupational attainment. Reserve can conveniently be divided into two types: brain reserve, which refers to differences in the brain structure that may increase tolerance to pathology, and cognitive reserve, which refers to differences between individuals in how tasks are performed that might enable some people to be more resilient to brain changes than others. Greater understanding of the concept of cognitive reserve could lead to interventions to slow cognitive ageing or reduce the risk of dementia.
International cancer control congresses : do they make a difference?
Creators: name: Sarwal, Kavita
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Statement of the Problem This study has taken advantage of a “natural experiment,” the holding of International Cancer Control Congresses (ICCC) to conduct research that assesses the value of such undertakings, and examines ways for effectively pursuing positive change in improving policy and practice related to cancer control. Given the importance of this global challenge, this study investigates the question: Do International Cancer Control Congresses influence reported changes in participant behaviors and activities that enhance the development or implementation of population-based cancer control programs and increased collaborations? Methods of Investigation The population of interest included all the congress registered participants for two International Cancer Control Congresses—362 individuals at the 3rd ICCC for the first pod of surveys; and 310 participants at ICCC4 for the second pod of surveys. The primary data collection instrument was self-report surveys, surveyed in two pods. Each pod included an on-site survey followed by a follow-up survey a few months later on the same census sample of participants. Research instruments for data collection included surveys, interviews, conference documentation, observations as well as secondary data from WHO publications and appropriate web based publications like country plans and others. The study was organized as a mixed methods research using a triangulation design that allowed a mix of both quantitative and qualitative data in a single study. Conclusions The study indicates that most respondents gained professionally in improved understanding of global population based cancer control programs and new insights into cancer control. Through sharing best practices and insights gained at the congress in their jurisdictions, many indicated that the Congress has helped them in their cancer control work, including increased awareness for establishing collaborations and for setting up surveillance systems; also highlighting for them the importance of expediting national cancer/integrated non-communicable disease plans. Increasing their networks, participants continue experiencing a rise in interest and involvement in cancer control. The Latin American Region research reveals that it takes time before initiatives emerge and can be attributed to ICCC. In revealing which finds are inconclusive, this study offers opportunities for cohort longitudinal investigations.
A new method to calculate the n-Particle Irreducible Effective Action
Creators: name: Carrington, M. E.
name: Guo, Yun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present a new method to calculate the n-Loop n-particle irreducible effective action. The key is an organizational trick that involves the introduction of a set of fictitious bare vertices that are set to zero at the end of the calculation. Using these fictitious vertices, we prove that the Schwinger-Dyson equations are the same as the equations of motion obtained from the n-particle irreducible effective action, up to the level at which they respect the symmetries of the original theory. This result allows us to obtain the effective action directly from the Schwinger-Dyson equations, which are comparatively easy to calculate. As a check of our method, we reproduce the known results for the n-Loop n-particle irreducible effective action with n = 4 and n = 5. We also use the technique to calculate the 6-Loop 6-particle irreducible effective action.
description: 31 pages and 30 figures. Some sections are reorganized and typos are corrected. Final version to appear in PRD
Cognitive Reserve and Brain Maintenance: Orthogonal Concepts in Theory and Practice
Creators: name: Habeck, Christian G.
name: Razlighi, Qolamreza R.
name: Gazes, Yunglin
name: Barulli, Daniel James
name: Steffener, Jason
name: Stern, Yaakov
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Neurology
Aging
Cognition
Magnetic resonance imaging

description: Cognitive Reserve and Brain Maintenance have traditionally been understood as complementary concepts: Brain Maintenance captures the processes underlying the structural preservation of the brain with age, and might be assessed relative to age-matched peers. Cognitive Reserve, on the other hand, refers to how cognitive processing can be performed regardless of how well brain structure has been maintained. Thus, Brain Maintenance concerns the "hardware," whereas Cognitive Reserve concerns "software," that is, brain functioning explained by factors beyond mere brain structure. We used structural brain data from 368 community-dwelling adults, age 20-80, to derive measures of Brain Maintenance and Cognitive Reserve. We found that Brain Maintenance and Cognitive were uncorrelated such that values on one measure did not imply anything about the other measure. Further, both measures were positively correlated with verbal intelligence and education, hinting at formative influences of the latter to both measures. We performed extensive split-half simulations to check our derived measures' statistical robustness. Our approach enables the out-of-sample quantification of Brain Maintenance and Cognitive Reserve for single subjects on the basis of chronological age, neuropsychological performance and structural brain measures. Future work will investigate the prognostic power of these measures with regard to future cognitive status.
Hepta-Cuts of Two-Loop Scattering Amplitudes
Creators: name: Badger, Simon
name: Frellesvig, Hjalte
name: Zhang, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method for the computation of hepta-cuts of two loop scattering amplitudes. Four dimensional unitarity cuts are used to factorise the integrand onto the product of six tree-level amplitudes evaluated at complex momentum values. Using Gram matrix constraints we derive a general parameterisation of the integrand which can be computed using polynomial fitting techniques. The resulting expression is further reduced to master integrals using conventional integration by parts methods. We consider both planar and non-planar topologies for 2 to 2 scattering processes and apply the method to compute hepta-cut contributions to gluon-gluon scattering in Yang-Mills theory with adjoint fermions and scalars.
description: 37 pages, 6 figures. version 2 : minor updates, published version
EXOFAST: A fast exoplanetary fitting suite in IDL
Creators: name: Eastman, Jason
name: Gaudi, B. Scott
name: Agol, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present EXOFAST, a fast, robust suite of routines written in IDL which is designed to fit exoplanetary transits and radial velocity variations simultaneously or separately, and characterize the parameter uncertainties and covariances with a Differential Evolution Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. We describe how our code incorporates both data sets to simultaneously derive stellar parameters along with the transit and RV parameters, resulting in more self-consistent results on an example fit of the discovery data of HAT-P-3b that is well-mixed in under five minutes on a standard desktop computer. We describe in detail how our code works and outline ways in which the code can be extended to include additional effects or generalized for the characterization of other data sets -- including non-planetary data sets. We discuss the pros and cons of several common ways to parameterize eccentricity, highlight a subtle mistake in the implementation of MCMC that could bias the inferred eccentricity of intrinsically circular orbits to significantly non-zero results, discuss a problem with IDL's built-in random number generator in its application to large MCMC fits, and derive a method to analytically fit the linear and quadratic limb darkening coefficients of a planetary transit. Finally, we explain how we achieved improved accuracy and over a factor of 100 improvement in the execution time of the transit model calculation. Our entire source code, along with an easy-to-use online interface for several basic features of our transit and radial velocity fitting, are available online at http://astroutils.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/exofast .
description: Source code and online interface available at http://astroutils.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/exofast/ 26 pages, 8 figures, updated to match published version
Egy tehetséggondozó stratégia kidolgozását megelőző felmérés tanulságairól - tehetséggondozás a Magyarországi Református Egyház által fenntartott nevelési-oktatási intézményekben
Creators: name: Ábrám, Tibor
name: Sarka, Ferenc
Publisher: name: Debreceni Egyetem
Year: 2016

description: Különleges Bánásmód, vol. 2. issue 3. ISSN 2498-5368
Cognitive Reserve
Creators: name: Stern, Yaakov
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Neuropsychology
Aging
Cognition
Dementia
Brain--Magnetic resonance imaging

description: The concept of reserve has been proposed to account for the disjunction between the degree of brain damage and its clinical outcome. This paper attempts to produce a coherent theoretical account the reserve in general and of cognitive reserve in particular. It reviews epidemiologic data supporting the concept of cognitive reserve, with a particular focus of its implications for aging and dementia. It then focuses on methodologic issues that are important when attempting to elucidate the neural underpinnings of cognitive reserve using imaging studies, and reviews some of our group's work in order to demonstrate these issues.
Can Information Help Reduce Imbalanced Application of Fertilizers in India? Experimental Evidence from Bihar
Creators: name: Fishman, Ram
name: Kishore, Avinash
name: Rother, Yoav
name: Ward, Patrick S.
name: Jha, Shankar
name: R. K. P. Singh
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Can Information Help Reduce Imbalanced Application of Fertilizers in India? Experimental Evidence from Bihar
Testing the OPERA Superluminal Neutrino Anomaly at the LHC
Creators: name: Davoudiasl, Hooman
name: Rizzo, Thomas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The OPERA collaboration has reported the observation of superluminal muon neutrinos, whose speed $v_ν$ exceeds that of light $c$, with $(v_ν- c)/c \simeq 2.5 \times 10^{-5}$. In a recent work, Cohen and Glashow (CG) have refuted this claim by noting that such neutrinos will lose energy, by pair-emission of particles, at unacceptable rates. Following the CG arguments, we point out that pair-emissions consistent with the OPERA anomaly can lead to detectable signals from decays of highly boosted top quarks at the LHC, allowing an independent test of the superluminal neutrino hypothesis.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, Latex. New material, including figures and references, added. Conclusions unchanged
Cognitive Reserve Associated with FDG-PET in Preclinical Alzheimer Disease
Creators: name: Ewers, Michael
name: Insel, Philip S.
name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Weiner, Michael W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Neurology
Alzheimer's disease
Cognition
Education
Brain--Metabolism

description: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of education (a surrogate measure of cognitive reserve) on FDG-PET brain metabolism in elderly cognitively healthy (HC) subjects with preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS: Fifty-two HC subjects (mean age 75 years) with FDG-PET and CSF measurement of Abeta1-42 were included from the prospective Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative biomarker study. HC subjects received a research classification of preclinical AD if CSF Abeta1-42 was <192 pg/mL (Abeta1-42 [+]) vs HC with normal Abeta (Abeta1-42 [-]). In regression analyses, we tested the interaction effect between education and CSF Abeta1-42 status (Abeta1-42 [+] vs Abeta1-42 [-]) on FDG-PET metabolism in regions of interest (ROIs) (posterior cingulate, angular gyrus, inferior/middle temporal gyrus) and the whole brain (voxel-based). RESULTS: An interaction between education and CSF Abeta1-42 status was observed for FDG-PET in the posterior cingulate (p < 0.001) and angular gyrus ROIs (p = 0.03), but was not significant for the inferior/middle temporal gyrus ROI (p = 0.06), controlled for age, sex, and global cognitive ability (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale). The interaction effect was such that higher education was associated with lower FDG-PET in the Abeta1-42 (+) group, but with higher FDG-PET in the Abeta1-42 (-) group. Voxel-based analysis showed that this interaction effect was primarily restricted to temporo-parietal and ventral prefrontal brain areas. CONCLUSIONS: Higher education was associated with lower FDG-PET in preclinical AD (Abeta1-42 [+]), suggesting that cognitive reserve had a compensatory function to sustain cognitive ability in presence of early AD pathology that alters FDG-PET metabolism.
Cognitive Decline and Literacy among Ethnically Diverse Elders
Creators: name: Manly, Jennifer J.
name: Schupf, Nicole
name: Tang, Mingxin
name: Stern, Yaakov
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Neurology
Geriatric psychiatry
Cognition
Literacy
Ethnicity

description: Researchers on genetic and environmental influences on risk for Alzheimer’s disease must be prepared for the growing ethnic and racial diversity of our participants. Within the investigation, years of education has typically served as a proxy for cognitive reserve, which may be one factor in influencing risk of cognitive decline among aging people. However, among ethnic minorities, years of education is a poor reflection of the value of educational experience and native ability. This study was conducted among 1002 ethnically diverse English-speaking residents of Northern Manhattan who were cognitively and functionally normal at a baseline evaluation. We found that literacy level was a better predictor of decline in memory, executive function, and language skills than was years of education. The results of this study suggest that in an ethnically diverse cohort, literacy level should be considered as a mediator of the interactions of biological and environmental factors on cognitive decline.
Time reference in English indirect speech
Creators: name: Leufkens, Sterre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: tense
sequence of tenses
Functional Discourse Grammar

description: When a quotation is syntactically embedded in English, there are repercussions for temporal reference: absolute referential elements have to shift to the new deictic centre. Absolute adverbials must be adapted, dropped or replaced by relative elements. Tense undergoes so-called sequence of tenses (tense copying): a past tense main clause requires backshifting of the embedded tense. The chapter discusses Comrie's (1986) analysis of this phenomenon and examines exceptions. It discusses criticism by Declerck (1988) and goes on to show how Functional Discourse Grammar (Hengeveld & Mackenzie 2008) elegantly explains the data: tense copying, triggered by a Reportativity operator at the Interpersonal Level, is accounted for by operator copying at the Morphosyntactic Level, restricted by information from the Representational Level.
Noether Current, Horizon Virasoro Algebra and Entropy
Creators: name: Majhi, Bibhas Ranjan
name: Padmanabhan, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a simple and straightforward procedure for defining a Virasoro algebra based on the diffeomorphisms near a null surface in a spacetime and obtain the entropy density of the null surface from its central charge. We use the off-shell Noether current corresponding to the diffeomorphism invariance of a gravitational Lagrangian $L(g_{ab},R_{abcd})$ and define the Virasoro algebra from its variation. This allows us to identify the central charge and the zero mode eigenvalue using which we obtain the entropy density of the Killing horizon. Our approach works for all Lanczos-Lovelock models and reproduces the correct Wald entropy. The entire analysis is done off-shell without using the field equations and allows us to define an entropy density for any null surface which acts as a local Rindler horizon for a particular class of observers.
description: V2: to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Cognitive Neuroscience Neuroimaging Repository for the Adult Lifespan
Creators: name: Razlighi, Qolamreza R.
name: Habeck, Christian G.
name: Barulli, Daniel James
name: Stern, Yaakov
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cognition--Age factors
subject: Brain--Imaging
subject: Psychometrics
subject: Cognitive neuroscience

description: With recent advances in neuroimaging technology, it is now possible to image human brain function in vivo, which revolutionized the cognitive neuroscience field. However, like any other newly developed technique, the acquisition of neuroimaging data is costly and logistically challenging. Furthermore, studying human cognition requires acquiring a large amount of neuroimaging data, which might not be feasible to do by every researcher in the field. Here, we describe our group's efforts to acquire one of the largest neuroimaging datasets that aims to investigate the neural substrates of age-related cognitive decline, which will be made available to share with other investigators. Our neuroimaging repository includes up to 14 different functional images for more than 486 subjects across the entire adult lifespan in addition to their 3 structural images. Currently, data from 234 participants have been acquired, including all 14 functional and 3 structural images, which is planned to increased to 375 participants in the next few years. A complete battery of neuropsychological tests was also administered to all participants. The neuroimaging and accompanying psychometric data will be available through an online and easy-to-use data sharing website.
Exploring the influence of privacy management tools on online information sharing decisions
Creators: name: Aleem, Muhammad Usman
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: We explore the role of privacy management tools in online social networks and their influence on user’s information sharing behavior. Using privacy regulation theory and social capital theory, we first develop a model that characterizes how and why individuals share their private information. Next, we use inclusive and exclusive modes of decision making to develop two tools for sharing information. Subsequently, we test our theoretical model through these tools in the context of online privacy. We find that privacy management tools not only influence sharing decisions when information sensitivity varies, but the tools also influence how individuals interpret their tie strength with their friends.
Quantum electrodynamic calculation of the hyperfine structure of 3He
Creators: name: Pachucki, K.
name: Yerokhin, V. A.
name: Pastor, P. Cancio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The combined fine and hyperfine structure of the $2^3P$ states in $^3$He is calculated within the framework of nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics. The calculation accounts for the effects of order $mα^6$ and increases the accuracy of theoretical predictions by an order of magnitude. The results obtained are in good agreement with recent spectroscopic measurements in $^3$He.
description: 13 pages, spelling and grammar corrected
Engagement of UK Life Science Academics with the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning: Threshold Concepts in Academic Practice?
Creators: name: Tierney, Anne Margaret
Publisher: name: Edge Hill University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Education

description: Engagement with the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) is increasingly becoming a requirement for UK academics. This engagement may take the form of a formal qualification in teaching in higher education, or may be a continuing professional development requirement (CPD). Academics have a range of opportunities to follow a teaching focused career path; notably for the increasing numbers of “Teaching-only” academics employed by UK institutions to cover undergraduate teaching and course administration, but also for those academics who find themselves increasingly drawn to pedagogic research. However, how these individuals engage with SoTL may be confusing, and present a number of challenges, in addition to those already present in the career of an academic. For Life Scientists in particular, engagement with SoTL may offer particular challenges as individuals tackle material out with their disciplinary expertise. Language, research methodology, confidence in data gathering, sense of identity, may present barriers to engagement with SoTL, to academics who are more comfortable within a positivist, quantitative paradigm. While Threshold Concepts (Meyer & Land, 2003) are generally associated with student learning within disciplines, if engagement with SoTL and CPD is viewed as Lifelong Learning, and the academic as student, we can explore how academics face the challenges of engagement with the field of Educational Research. Indeed, for academics considered to be expert in their field, taking on the role of student may be troublesome in itself, with the individual being required to acknowledge their lack of expertise in the area of educational research. In this study, twenty-one UK Life Science academics were asked about their understanding of, and engagement with SoTL. Interviews revealed a range of attitudes towards engagement with SoTL, and a number of areas which could be considered to be Threshold Concepts. These areas of interest, and the extent to which they fulfil the criteria to become Threshold Concepts is explored in this study. The findings are significant in that they indicate the difficulties and challenges faced by academics attempting to engage with a paradigm out with their disciplinary expertise, the effort expended in successful engagement, and the transformations that occur, showing the development of engagement by reading literature, to actively carrying out research projects and writing papers. The study also points towards areas where support can be given to academics engaging in SoTL to help encourage this development.
Dynamics of one-dimensional tight-binding models with arbitrary time-dependent external homogeneous fields
Creators: name: Hu, W. H.
name: Jin, L.
name: Song, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exact propagators of two one-dimensional systems with time-dependent external fields are presented by following the path-integral method. It is shown that the Bloch acceleration theorem can be generalized to the impulse-momentum theorem in quantum version. We demonstrate that an evolved Gaussian wave packet always keeps its shape in an arbitrary time-dependent homogeneous driven field. Moreover, that stopping and accelerating of a wave packet can be achieved by the pulsed field in a diabatic way.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Coexisting Dementia and Depression in Parkinson's Disease
Creators: name: Sano, Mary
name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Williams, Janet B. W.
name: Cote, Lucien J.
name: Rosenstein, Ruth
name: Mayeux, Richard Paul
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: Neurology
Parkinson's disease
Dementia
Depression, Mental

description: Dementia and depression in patients with Parkinson's disease have been reported separately, but their prevalence is controversial. This study examines the coexistence of these two problems and suggests a common underlying biochemical system. We examined these two entities by retrospective chart review and cerebrospinal fluid biochemistry. We found a prevalence of 10.9% for dementia, 51% for depression, and 5.4% for coincident depression and dementia. In a prospective study of patients with Parkinson's disease we found a continuum of cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations. Patients who were either depressed or demented had lower concentrations of this metabolite than other patients with Parkinson's disease, but patients who were depressed and demented had the lowest levels. These results suggest that the coexistence of dementia and depression represents a unique clinical entity in Parkinson's disease. The serotonergic system may be involved in depression and dementia because evidence of a cumulative effect on this biochemical system is present.
The Sender-Excited Secret Key Agreement Model: Capacity, Reliability and Secrecy Exponents
Creators: name: Chou, Tzu-Han
name: Tan, Vincent Y. F.
name: Draper, Stark C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the secret key generation problem when sources are randomly excited by the sender and there is a noiseless public discussion channel. Our setting is thus similar to recent works on channels with action-dependent states where the channel state may be influenced by some of the parties involved. We derive single-letter expressions for the secret key capacity through a type of source emulation analysis. We also derive lower bounds on the achievable reliability and secrecy exponents, i.e., the exponential rates of decay of the probability of decoding error and of the information leakage. These exponents allow us to determine a set of strongly-achievable secret key rates. For degraded eavesdroppers the maximum strongly-achievable rate equals the secret key capacity; our exponents can also be specialized to previously known results. In deriving our strong achievability results we introduce a coding scheme that combines wiretap coding (to excite the channel) and key extraction (to distill keys from residual randomness). The secret key capacity is naturally seen to be a combination of both source- and channel-type randomness. Through examples we illustrate a fundamental interplay between the portion of the secret key rate due to each type of randomness. We also illustrate inherent tradeoffs between the achievable reliability and secrecy exponents. Our new scheme also naturally accommodates rate limits on the public discussion. We show that under rate constraints we are able to achieve larger rates than those that can be attained through a pure source emulation strategy.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures; Submitted to the IEEE Transactions on Information Theory; Revised in Oct 2013