cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evaluating External Sources of Metals for the Development of Planetary Civilizations on Ocean Worlds
Creators: name: Singh, Mira
name: Summers, Michael
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: By looking at the metal content of our oceans here on Earth, we can get a better understanding of possible metal contents of other ocean-world exoplanets in the universe. There are four main ways that metals get into oceans here on Earth: (1) Rivers or wind erode metal from the land and bring it into the water; (2) Metal-heavy ice caps in the Arctic melt and bring Arctic runoff into the ocean; (3) Underwater volcanoes erupt, bringing metals and other elements up from the Earth’s crust into its oceans; and (4) Meteors and other debris from space fall into the ocean. The main ways metals get removed from Earth’s oceans is through oxidation and human removal. Focusing on the metal gain from meteors (because this source is the most applicable to other ocean worlds), we looked at meteoric influx rates and determined how many kilograms of metals like iron and nickel meteors bring into Earth each year. Using the total concentrations of different metals in our oceans along with meteoric influx rates, we determined how long it would take to reach our current oceanic metal levels if all the metal came from outside meteors. This mimics the expected conditions on most water worlds with no land or ice caps to erode, and volcanoes that are too deep to impact metal levels. We then looked at the gravitational focusing of different-sized planets and calculated the number of meteors they would draw in based on the speed of the meteors and the escape velocity of the planet. We find that even excluding metal sources (1), (2), and (3) in exoplanets that are characterized by deep global oceans (hundreds of km deep), source (4) still provides a large enough source of metals that a developing civilization could use for tool-making and other technical applications.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Surface polariton excitation and energy losses by a charged particle in cylindrical waveguides
Creators: name: Saharian, A. A.
name: Grigoryan, L. Sh.
name: Kotanjyan, A. S.
name: Khachatryan, H. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the emission of surface polaritons (SPs) by a charged particle moving inside a dielectric cylinder parallel to its axis. It is assumed that the cylinder is immersed into a homogeneous medium with negative dielectric permittivity in the spectral range under consideration (active medium). The expressions for scalar and vector potentials and for electromagnetic field strengths are provided inside and outside the cylinder. Those fields are expressed in terms of the SP eigenmodes of the waveguide and we give detailed analysis for their properties. The SP energy fluxes through the plane perpendicular to the cylinder axis are evaluated in the interior and exterior media. The energy flux is directed towards the charge motion inside the cylinder and towards the opposite direction in the exterior region. The relativistic effects may essentially increase the radiated energy. Important features of relativistic effects include the possibility of essential increase of the radiated energy, the narrowing the confinement region of the SP fields near the cylinder surface in the exterior region, enlarging the frequency range for radiated SPs, and the decrease of the cutoff factor for radiation at small wavelengths compared with the waveguide radius. The general results are specified for the Drude dispersion in the exterior medium. By using the Green tensor we also evaluate the total energy losses of the charged particle for general case of the interior and exterior dielectric functions. The corresponding results are compared with those previously discussed in the literature. The numerical data are presented in terms of scale invariant quantities that allows to clarify the features of the SP radiation for different values of the waveguide radius.
description: 31 pages, 11 figures, Discussions added
Tasmacetus shepherdi Oliver 1937
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Ziphiidae
Tasmacetus
Tasmacetus shepherdi

description: Tasmacetus shepherdi Oliver, 1937. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 107:371. TYPE LOCALITY: New Zealand, North Island, Taranaki, Ohawe. DISTRIBUTION: Southern Hemisphere, temperate waters, particularly off New Zealand, Chile and Argentina. PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Order Cetacea. ISIS NUMBER: 5301411005005001001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Cetacea, pp. 290-304 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 301, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352983
LEGAL REGULATION OF LIABILITY FOR CAUSING HARM BY A SOURCE OF INCREASED DANGEROUS
Creators: name: A.S. Yudanova
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The article discusses the concept, signs of a source of increased danger, and determines their legal nature. The features of the grounds for civil liability for causing harm by sources of increased danger are considered. The main problems of law enforcement are identified, in particular, the procedure for accounting for sources of increased danger, mechanisms for determining the amount of damage and its compensation. Some aspects of control over sources of increased danger are considered. The main approaches to determining the legal essence of the source of increased danger in domestic civil law are analyzed.
Using Machine Learning Models to Estimate Final Student Grade from Initial Performance in a Course
Creators: name: Zhang, Laura
name: Boicu, Mihai
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: Learning Management Systems (LMS) contain large amounts of student data that can be used to help improve student learning by applying machine learning. Earlier studies have used various LMS data (i.e. online activity, participation in discussions, and assessment grades) and prediction methods to identify at-risk students (Conijn, et al., 2017, Marbouti, et al., 2016). My research explores the idea of using early academic performance in a course to predict future performance. Using three common machine learning algorithms (K-Nearest Neighbors, Naive Bayes Classifier, Support Vector Machine), three prediction models were created. The data used in the prediction models were pairs of 5-week grades and final course grades from several sections of the same course. In order to assess the accuracy of the prediction models, the final grade percentage predictions were grouped into letter-grade classes. The model performance metrics did not indicate high predictive powers (accuracy: ~65%, precision: ~63%, recall: ~65%), thus ensemble voting was tested to combine the results of the three models. A minimal improvement in prediction accuracy was seen after employing ensemble voting. However, further experimentation was conducted by extending the time frame from 5 weeks to 10 weeks. When 10-week grades were assessed in the models, the prediction accuracy improved (accuracy: ~74%, precision: ~76%, recall: ~74%). The false positives and false negatives in the predictions were also analyzed as false positives are preferred over false negatives in this study. The results showed relatively similar amounts of false positives and false negatives. While the cumulative grade is easy to be used by an instructor for identifying students at risk, the main result of this study is that looking only at the cumulative grade in this course is not a good enough indicator for final course results. Future research must be done to identify other features that may predict the final course results.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Bateidae Stebbing 1906
Creators: name: Ortiz, Manuel
name: Capetillo, Norberto
name: Lopeztegui, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Bateidae

description: Family Bateidae Stebbing, 1906
Diagnosis. Head rostrate; eyes large, occupying at least 1/3 of head surface; rostrum and cephalic lobe present; rostrum distally pointed or blunt. Body smooth or dentate dorsally. Antenna 1 accessory flagellum vestigial or absent. Mandible with molar and three articulated palp. Maxilla 1 inner plate conical with one small distal and seven inner marginal setae; palp two-articulate. Lower lip without inner plate. Gnathopod 1 degraded, only present coxa and feeble linear basis, both hidden by coxa 2. Gnathopod 2 subchelate; coxa 4 the largest; coxa 4 strong posterior lobe. Uropod 2 shorter than uropods 1 and 3 which are of similar length. Telson flat; cleft half way.
Composition. Genus Batea Müller, 1865
Diagnosis. As for the family
description: Published as part of Ortiz, Manuel, Capetillo, Norberto & Lopeztegui, Alexander, 2025, The family Bateidae Stebbing, 1906 (Crustacea, Peracarida) in tropical America with the description of a new species, pp. 153-164 in Zootaxa 5613 (1) on page 155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/15216331
Design of a Unique Open-Geometry Cylindrical Penning Trap
Creators: name: Mehlman, Michael S.
name: Shidling, Praveen D.
name: Behling, Richard S.
name: Fenker, Benjamin
name: Melconian, Daniel G.
name: Clark, Levi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Texas A&M University Penning Trap facility is an upcoming ion trap that will be used to search for possible scalar currents in T=2 superallowed $β$-delayed proton decays, which, if found, would be an indication of physics beyond the standard model. In addition, TAMUTRAP will provide a low-energy, point-like source of ions for various other applications at the Cyclotron Institute. The experiment is centered around a unique, compensated cylindrical Penning trap that employs a specially optimized $\mathrm{length}/\mathrm{radius}$ ratio in the electrode structure that is not used by any other facility. This allows the geometry to exhibit an unprecedented 90 mm free radius, which is larger than in any existing trap, while at the same time remaining a tractable overall length. The trap geometry was designed from first principles to be suitable for a wide range of nuclear physics experiments. In particular, the electrode structure is both "tunable" and "orthogonalized", which allows for a near quadrupole electric field at the trap center, a feature necessary for performing precision mass measurements.
Using Machine Learning to Predict University Student Failure Based on Recurring Assignment Procrastination
Creators: name: Lalwani, Jay
name: Daga, Aditya
name: Boicu, Mihai
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: Researchers have long considered procrastination as a form of self-destructive behavior and a key factor in university students’ failure (Steel, 2007). In order to predict student failure and allow early warning, we developed and trained a neural network based on second-week activities that allow multiple attempts in a college course at George Mason University. The following procrastination-related inputs were computed: average time spent between a student’s first and last attempt through all assignments, average time remaining before each assignment deadline from the last attempt, average assignment grade, and the average number of assignment attempts. The neural network consists of an input layer of 4 perceptrons, 6 hidden layers, and a single output perceptron. We trained it with each student’s corresponding final grade (pass or fail determined by a grade above or below 59%). Our neural network had an accuracy of 91.6%, precision of 89.9%, and recall of 99.5%. Those who were misclassified largely consisted of passing students with a grade near the passing threshold. Additionally, using permutation feature importance, we found that the average time remaining before the assignment deadline was the most important feature in the neural network resulting in an 18% decrease in classification accuracy when its value was randomized, as students who tended to submit assignments late consistently failed the course. Because procrastination is so common among university students, our model is relevant and an appreciable tool for professors to use to try to minimize failure in their class. By warning students of their failure behavior earlier in the course, they will be compelled to address their procrastination tendencies and greatly reduce their chances of failing (Martin et al., 2015).
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Gamma-ray bursts and the relevance of rotation-induced neutrino sterilization
Creators: name: Ahluwalia, D. V.
name: Lee, Cheng-Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A la Pontecorvo when one defines electroweak flavour states of neutrinos as a linear superposition of mass eigenstates one ignores the associated spin. If, however, there is a significant rotation between the neutrino source, and the detector, a negative helicity state emitted by the former acquires a non-zero probability amplitude to be perceived as a positive helicity state by the latter. Both of these states are still in the left-Weyl sector of the Lorentz group. The electroweak interaction cross sections for such helicity-flipped states are suppressed by a factor of $(m_ν/E_ν)^2$, where $m_ν$ is the expectation value of the neutrino mass, and $E_ν$ is the associated energy. Thus, if the detecting process is based on electroweak interactions, and the neutrino source is a highly rotating object, the rotation-induced helicity flip becomes very significant in interpreting the data. The effect immediately generalizes to anti-neutrinos. Motivated by these observations we present a generalization of the Pontecorvo formalism and discuss its relevance in the context of recent data obtained by the IceCube neutrino telescope.
description: 4 pages
Slowest and Fastest Information Scrambling in the Strongly Disordered XXZ Model
Creators: name: Kim, Myeonghyeon
name: Kim, Dong-Hee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a perturbation method to compute the out-of-time-ordered correlator in the strongly disordered Heisenberg XXZ model in the deep many-body localized regime. We characterize the discrete structure of the information propagation across the eigenstates, revealing a highly structured light cone confined by the strictly logarithmic upper and lower bounds representing the slowest and fastest scrambling available in this system. We explain these bounds by deriving the closed-form expression of the effective interaction for the slowest scrambling and by constructing the effective model of a half length for the fastest scrambling. We extend our lowest-order perturbation formulations to the higher dimensions, proposing that the logarithmic upper and lower light cones may persist in a finite two-dimensional system in the limit of strong disorder and weak hopping.
Effects of a multifaceted team goal-setting intervention for youth volleyball teams
Creators: name: Durdubas, Deniz
name: Koruc, Ziya
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: The current study examined the effects of a season-long multifaceted team goal-setting intervention (with emphasis on both individual and team level goal) on perceptions of team cohesion and collective efficacy. Using a non-randomized controlled design with 81 female volleyball players (Mage = 16.57, SD = .25) from six teams, three teams (n = 3) were assigned as intervention condition while the remaining teams (n = 3) represented no-treatment control condition. Teams in the intervention condition participated in a three-stage team goal-setting protocol with an extension of the individual goal-setting phase throughout a season. All participants completed questionnaires measuring perceptions of team cohesion and collective efficacy at three time-points throughout the season (i.e., beginning, midseason, end-season). In addition, participants in the intervention condition completed performance profiles at the beginning and the end of the season. Compared to the control group, the task cohesion perceptions of the intervention group were significantly higher in the midseason, the social cohesion perceptions were significantly higher at the end of the season, and their collective efficacy perceptions were significantly higher both in the midseason and at the end of the season. These results revealed the effectiveness of the multifaceted team goal-setting intervention on team cohesion and collective efficacy. Lay summary: This study extends the team goal-setting literature by conducting a season-long multifaceted team goal-setting intervention in youth volleyball teams. The intervention involved both individual and team goals and aimed to improve coherence between those goals through task interdependence.
How do personalization methods used in learn-by-mistakes systems affect learning gains?
Creators: name: Nara, Vikranth
name: Boicu, Mihai
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: Özyurt and al. (2013) identify that for intelligent learning management systems (iLMS) to be effective, further learning must occur after students’ mistakes. Personalization stays effective when students get accurate results that will keep their motivation high. UZWEBMAT’s (Turkish abbreviation of Adaptive and INtelligent WEB-based MAThematics teaching-learning system) evaluation yields similar results that students maintain high motivations when making mistakes. Differently, Aboderin and al. (2015) tested elearning in Nigeria and found students still learning with low motivation, indicating that students need technical help from teachers (50% of students having trouble logging in and out), but once familiar with the system learning improved. Kochmar and al. (2020) evaluate Korbit, an intelligent tutoring system that offers personalized learning to learn new skills, and conclude that deep and shallow personalization (specific and generic articles from Wikipedia respectively) both result in higher learning gains than a baseline model. More personalization yielded more learning gains for all groups and considerably helped low-ability students. Similarly, Myneni and al. (2013) detail low-ability students receiving more help than other students with especially high learning gains. Low-ability students that are demotivated initially but increase their motivation once exposed to the Rebolledo-Mendez and al. (2006)’s M-Ecolab typically experience the most learning due to their ability to seek challenges, which explains the increase of motivation throughout the interaction. Based on these studies we observed that students with high motivation before using an iLMS usually do not seek challenges, resulting in low learning gains. Overall, iLMS have more effective personalization strategies for low-ability students.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
The effect of feedback and reionization on star formation in low-mass dwarf galaxy haloes
Creators: name: Simpson, Christine M.
name: Bryan, Greg L.
name: Johnston, Kathryn V.
name: Smith, Britton D.
name: Mac Low, Mordecai-Mark
name: Sharma, Sanjib
name: Tumlinson, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We simulate the evolution of a 10^9 Msun dark matter halo in a cosmological setting with an adaptive-mesh refinement code as an analogue to local low luminosity dwarf irregular and dwarf spheroidal galaxies. The primary goal of our study is to investigate the roles of reionization and supernova feedback in determining the star formation histories of low mass dwarf galaxies. We include a wide range of physical effects, including metal cooling, molecular hydrogen formation and cooling, photoionization and photodissociation from a metagalactic background, a simple prescription for self-shielding, star formation, and a simple model for supernova driven energetic feedback. We carry out simulations excluding each major effect in turn. We find that reionization is primarily responsible for expelling most of the gas in our simulations, but that supernova feedback is required to disperse the dense, cold gas in the core of the halo. Moreover, we show that the timing of reionization can produce an order of magnitude difference in the final stellar mass of the system. For our full physics run with reionization at z=9, we find a stellar mass of about 10^5 Msun at z=0, and a mass-to-light ratio within the half-light radius of approximately 130 Msun/Lsun, consistent with observed low-luminosity dwarfs. However, the resulting median stellar metallicity is 0.06 Zsun, considerably larger than observed systems. In addition, we find star formation is truncated between redshifts 4 and 7, at odds with the observed late time star formation in isolated dwarf systems but in agreement with Milky Way ultrafaint dwarf spheroidals. We investigate the efficacy of energetic feedback in our simple thermal-energy driven feedback scheme, and suggest that it may still suffer from excessive radiative losses, despite reaching stellar particle masses of about 100 Msun, and a comoving spatial resolution of 11 pc.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS; additional explanation added to sections 2,3 and 4; Figure 4 updated; results unchanged
Text Reuse Detection for Measuring Influence and Reception in Ancient Greek Corpora
Creators: name: Berti, Monica
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: text reuse
ancient Greek
digital philology
digital classics
fragmentary texts

description: Slides for the workshop Quantitative Analysis of Text Reuse: Towards a Methodology, held at the Minerva Plaza Helsinki on November 23-24, 2023.
Fault Detection via Occupation Kernel Principal Component Analysis
Creators: name: Morrison, Zachary
name: Russo, Benjamin P.
name: Lian, Yingzhao
name: Kamalapurkar, Rushikesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The reliable operation of automatic systems is heavily dependent on the ability to detect faults in the underlying dynamical system. While traditional model-based methods have been widely used for fault detection, data-driven approaches have garnered increasing attention due to their ease of deployment and minimal need for expert knowledge. In this paper, we present a novel principal component analysis (PCA) method that uses occupation kernels. Occupation kernels result in feature maps that are tailored to the measured data, have inherent noise-robustness due to the use of integration, and can utilize irregularly sampled system trajectories of variable lengths for PCA. The occupation kernel PCA method is used to develop a reconstruction error approach to fault detection and its efficacy is validated using numerical simulations.
Stabilizing solitons of the cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation by frequency-dependent linear gain-loss and delayed Raman response
Creators: name: Peleg, Avner
name: Chakraborty, Debananda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate transmission stabilization against radiation emission by frequency-dependent linear gain-loss and perturbation-induced frequency shifting for solitons of the cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger (CQNLS) equation. We consider soliton propagation in a nonlinear optical waveguide with focusing cubic nonlinearity, defocusing quintic nonlinearity, and dissipative perturbations due to weak frequency-dependent linear gain-loss, cubic loss, and delayed Raman response. The frequency shifting is induced by delayed Raman response. Our perturbation analysis and numerical simulations with the perturbed CQNLS equation show that transmission stabilization with CQNLS solitons is indeed possible, and in this way provide the first demonstration of the stabilization method for solitons of a nonintegrable nonlinear wave model. Moreover, we find that transmission stabilization with energetic CQNLS solitons is realized with significantly smaller frequency shifts and pulse distortion compared with stabilization with energetic solitons of the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Therefore, our study also demonstrates that stabilization of energetic solitons by the method is significantly improved by the presence of defocusing quintic nonlinearity.
description: The paper demonstrates stabilization of energetic solitons of the nonintegrable cubic-quintic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation by a method that was developed in arXiv:1804.03226 for solitons of the integrable cubic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with moderate power. It provides the first demonstration of the stabilization method for solitons of a nonintegrable nonlinear wave model
Anisotropic Coherence properties in a trapped quasi2D dipolar gas
Creators: name: Ticknor, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a trapped quasi2D dipolar Bose Einstein condensate (q2D DBEC) with a polariza- tion tilted into the plane of motion. We show that by tilting the polarization axis, the coherence properties are anisotropic. Such a system will have density fluctuations whose amplitude strongly depend on their trap location relative to the polarization axis. Additionally, interference contrast will also be anisotropic despite an isotropic density profile. The anisotropy is related to a roton like mode that becomes unstable and supports local collapse along the polarization axis.
Using Spiking Neural Networks for Control Applications at the Edge
Creators: name: Satvik, Satvik
name: Snyder, Shay
name: Parsa, Maryam
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: In recent years, the automation of vehicles has been an area of growing interest. Everything from cars to planes is receiving more advanced technology to help it function autonomously. However, increasing levels of automation come at a cost, significant increases in computational complexity, and power consumption. Research has shown that Spiking Neural Networks, the third generation of neural networks, offer increased power efficiency and inference time through the exploitation of biological principles from recent breakthroughs in neuroscience. We set out to demonstrate that spiking neural networks could be used for control applications in Size, Weight, and Power (SWaP) constrained environments. We derived the physical dynamics of blimps and implemented them in a Python-based aerial flight simulator. Using spiking-based deep Q networks and Q-based reinforcement learning, we are training networks to identify, navigate towards, and capture surrounding targets using a single camera. Our work aims to highlight the ability to spike neural networks to control SWaP-constrained agents while remaining performant in spite of stochastic environments.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Limitations on High-Speed Relativistic Interstellar Travel due to Interstellar Asteroidal and Cometary Material
Creators: name: Diller, Sierra
name: Summers, Michael
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: As technology improves, the possibilities for extended space travel do too. Traveling in our solar system over the next century will eventually transition to traveling around the Interstellar medium (ISM) hundreds of years from now. In the solar system, asteroids, comets, and other objects known as space debris can create a threat to satellites and spacecraft. This is especially true in the near-Earth environment due to the rapidly increasing numbers of artificial orbital satellites. The interstellar medium has the same danger but on a much different scale. Traveling between star systems poses a risk of hitting interstellar medium objects (ISO) while traveling at extremely high speeds that are necessary to reach the nearby stars within a person’s lifetime. Speeds such as 10-90% of the speed of light are thus necessary for interstellar travel. Traveling at high speeds in the interstellar medium is extremely dangerous. Impacting a pebble while moving at 50% of the speed of light will cause an explosion comparable to a small nuclear bomb. Thus, the question of the limits of interstellar travel becomes very important. The goals of this research are to determine the mean distance traveled in the ISM between collisions of various-sized objects, and the energy released in such collisions. Using the detection of the interstellar comet 'Oamuamua as a constraint on the abundance of interstellar material, we find that the density of smaller interstellar objects is much greater than initially predicted in the literature. This works provides updated constraints on the danger posed by relativistic interstellar travel.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
DARIAH Services Policy
Creators: name: Durco, Matej
name: Barbot, Laure
name: Tasovac, Toma
name: Tóth-Czifra, Erzsébet
name: Roi, Arnaud
name: Chambers, Sally
name: Benardou, Agiatis
name: Constantopoulos, Panos
name: Dobreva, Milena
name: Scharnhorst, Andrea
name: Kálmán, Tibor
name: Rißler-Pipka, Nanette
name: McConville, Amelia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The DARIAH Services Policy introduces DARIAH Services and describes the coordination and management of the DARIAH distributed infrastructure in terms of service offer and provision across the network.
Ziphius G. Cuvier 1823
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Ziphiidae
Ziphius

description: Ziphius G. Cuvier, 1823. Rech. Oss. Foss., 5:350. PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Order Cetacea. ISIS NUMBER: 5301411005006000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Cetacea, pp. 290-304 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 302, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352983
Active Sites of Te-hyperdoped Silicon by Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Hoesch, Moritz
name: Fedchenko, Olena
name: Wang, Mao
name: Schlueter, Christoph
name: Potorochin, Dmitrii
name: Medjanik, Katerina
name: Babenkov, Sergey
name: Ciobanu, Anca S.
name: Winkelmann, Aimo
name: Elmers, Hans-Joachim
name: Zhou, Shengqiang
name: Helm, Manfred
name: Schönhense, Gerd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiple dopant configurations of Te impurities in close vicinity in silicon are investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy, photoelectron diffraction, and Bloch wave calculations. The samples are prepared by ion implantation followed by pulsed laser annealing. The dopant concentration is variable and high above the solubility limit of Te in silicon. The configurations in question are distinguished from isolated Te impurities by a strong chemical core level shift. While Te clusters are found to form only in very small concentrations, multi-Te configurations of type dimer or up to four Te ions surrounding a vacancy are clearly identified. For these configurations a substitutional site location of Te is found to match the data best in all cases. For isolated Te ions this matches the expectations. For multi-Te configurations the results contribute to understanding the exceptional activation of free charge carriers in hyperdoping of chalcogens in silicon.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
title: Les mutuelles en Afrique : enjeux et perspectives
Creators: name: Boidin, B.
Publisher: name: MTSI - Revue
Year: 2021

description: Dès la fin des années 1970, la promotion de la communauté et de la participation des populations au système de santé renforcent l’idée que les mutuelles de santé sont des acteurs potentiellement majeurs de l’extension de la couverture contre les risques de santé. Mais l’histoire de la mutualité en Afrique a été rapidement parsemée d’embuches. Les plans d’ajustement structurel, l’augmentation de la contribution financière des usagers sous l’impulsion de l’initiative de Bamako, ont marqué un coup d’arrêt à l’esprit des mutuelles communautaires. Aujourd’hui les mutuelles sont de nouveau au cœur des initiatives internationales et nationales avec la promotion de la CSU. Mais elles doivent dépasser leurs carences historiques par la professionnalisation et l’obligation d’adhésion. Ce mouvement semble engagé tout en étant confronté au défi de préserver la place des communautés dans les systèmes de santé, principe fondateur du mouvement mutualiste.
description: Médecine Tropicale et Santé Internationale - magazine, No 1 (2021): MTSI-Magazine
Scale-invariant inflation
Creators: name: Rinaldi, Massimiliano
name: Cecchini, Chiara
name: Ghoshal, Anish
name: Mukherjee, Debangshu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine a scalar-tensor model of gravity that is globally scale-invariant. When adapted to a spatially flat Robertson-Walker metric, the equations of motion describe a dynamical system that flows from an unstable de Sitter space to a stable one. We show that during this transition inflation can occur. Moreover, at the final fixed point, a mass scale naturally emerges that can be identified with the Planck mass. We compute the inflationary spectral indices and the tensor perturbation and we compare them with observations. We also study the possibility that primordial magnetic fields are generated during inflation.
description: Proceedings of the Workshop "Avenues of Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime" (AQFTCS 2022), University of Genova, Italy
Colour screening scenario for quarkonia suppression in a quasiparticle model compared with data obtained from experiments at the CERN SPS, BNL RHIC, and CERN LHC
Creators: name: Srivastava, P. K.
name: Mishra, M.
name: Singh, C. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a modified colour screening model for $J/ψ$ suppression in the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) using quasi-particle model (QPM) as equation of state (EOS). Other theoretical ingredients incorporated in the model are feed-down from higher resonances namely, $χ_c$, and $ψ^{'}$, dilated formation time for quarkonia and viscous effects of the QGP medium. Assuming further that the QGP is expanding with Bjorken's hydrodynamical expansion, the present model is used to analyze the centrality dependence of the $J/ψ$ suppression in mid-rapidity region and compare it with the data obtained from SPS, RHIC and LHC experiments. We find that the centrality dependence of the data for the survival probability at all energies is well reproduced by our model. We further compare our model predictions with the results obtained from the bag model EOS for QGP which has usually been used earlier in all such calculations.
description: 20 Pages, 6 Figures, Revised Version, Accepted for Publication in Phys. Rev. C
The Vaccine Effect of Extracellular Vesicles from Breast Cancer Cells
Creators: name: Kashanchi, Alex
name: Anastasia, Anastasia
name: Kim, Yuriy
name: Liotta, Lance
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: Over 200,000 women are newly diagnosed each year with breast cancer, one of the most common forms of cancer among women1. Although the 5 year survival rate is higher than many other cancers, at around 90%, there are still tens of thousands that die each year from this devastating disease1, 3. Current forms of treatment for breast cancer, such as infrared radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and or tumor removal surgery, are generally effective at removing and killing the cancer2. However, there is no vaccine or any other preventative measure for breast cancer, apart from a few clinical trials, since it is unlike a virus that can be prevented with a specific viral protein-targeting vaccine4. Here, we hypothesize that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from cancerous cells can be used to create a potential vaccine-like effect in immune cells in vitro. Our immune cell of choice to receive the cancerous EVs was the antigen-presenting dendritic cell (DC). Monocytes were treated with GM-CSF, IL-4, TNF, and ionomycin to make matured DCs. Through Western Blot analysis, we determined that EVs from the 4T1-eGFP mouse breast cancer cell line would be used in order to treat matured DCs with breast cancer EVs. EVs from 4T1-GFP cells contain high levels of tetraspanin CD63, a common EV marker. After treating DCs with the cancerous EVs for 5 days, we extracted the DC exosomes (dexosomes) in order to analyze their contents through another set of Western Blots. The findings from these western blots, which assayed for the presence of certain cytokines, will be discussed. In conclusion, 100K EVs may serve as a good potential set of protein/RNA complexes for vaccine purposes. Future research must verify these results with multiple sets of Western Blots, validate mass spectrometry data, monitor the treatment of DCs, and expand testing to animal studies in vivo.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Collisionless shocks in a partially ionized medium: III. Efficient cosmic ray acceleration
Creators: name: Morlino, G.
name: Blasi, P.
name: Bandiera, R.
name: Amato, E.
name: Caprioli, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present the first formulation of the theory of non-linear particle acceleration in collisionless shocks in the presence of neutral hydrogen in the acceleration region. The dynamical reaction of the accelerated particles, the magnetic field amplification and the magnetic dynamical effects on the shock are also included. The main new aspect consists however in accounting for charge exchange and ionization of neutral hydrogen, which profoundly change the structure of the shock, as discussed in our previous work. This important dynamical effect of neutrals is mainly associated to the so-called neutral return flux, namely the return of hot neutrals from the downstream region to the upstream, where they deposit energy and momentum through charge exchange and ionization. We also present the self-consistent calculation of Balmer line emission from the shock region and discuss how to use measurements of the anomalous width of the different components of the Balmer line to infer the cosmic ray acceleration efficiency in supernova remnants showing Balmer emission: the broad Balmer line, which is due to charge exchange of hydrogen atoms with hot ions downstream of the shock, is shown to become narrower as a result of the energy drainage into cosmic rays, while the narrow Balmer line, due to charge exchange in the cosmic-ray--induced precursor, is shown to become broader. In addition to these two well-known components, the neutral return flux leads to the formation of a third component with intermediate width: this too contains information on ongoing processes at the shock.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures. Version accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
High-energy dipole scattering amplitude from evolution of low-energy proton light-cone wave functions
Creators: name: Dumitru, Adrian
name: Mäntysaari, Heikki
name: Paatelainen, Risto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The forward scattering amplitude of a small dipole at high energies is given in the mean field approximation by the Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) evolution equation. It requires an initial condition $N(r; x_0)$ describing the scattering of a dipole with size $r$ off the target that is probed at momentum fraction $x_0$. Rather than using ad hoc parameterizations tuned to high-energy data at $x\ll x_0$, here we attempt to construct an initial scattering amplitude that is consistent with low-energy, large-$x$ properties of the proton. We start from a non-perturbative three quark light-cone model wave function from the literature. We add ${\cal O}(g)$ corrections due to the emission of a gluon, and ${\cal O}(g^2)$ virtual corrections due to the exchange of a gluon, computed in light-cone perturbation theory with exact kinematics. We provide numerical data as well as analytic parameterizations of the resulting $N(r; x_0)$ for $x_0=0.01 - 0.05$. Solving the BK equation in the leading logarithmic (LL) approximation towards lower $x$, we obtain a fair description of the charm cross section in deeply inelastic scattering measured at HERA by fitting one parameter, the coupling constant $α_s\simeq 0.2$. However, without the option to tune the initial amplitude at $x_0$, the fit of the high precision data results in $χ^2/N_\text{dof} = 2.3$ at $N_\text{dof} =38$, providing clear statistical evidence for the need of systematic improvement e.g. of the photon wave function, evolution equation, and initial condition.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures. Obtained dipole-proton amplitudes at different x are included in the ancillary files, v2 matches published version
Investigating the effect of cure schedules and cure initiators on sustainable composites for large offshore structures
Creators: name: Pothnis, Jayaram
name: Vélon, K.
name: Bhatia, Gursahib Singh
name: COMER, ANTHONY
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering

description: This study evaluates the effect of post-cure schedules and cure initiator form on the mechanical properties of Glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates manufactured using an infusible reactive thermoplastic resin. Tensile, flexural, shear and dynamic mechanical analysis tests were conducted. Fractography was also performed. Specimens fabricated using liquid cure initiator and subjected to an elevated temperature post-cure were the control specimens. Ambient cured specimens decreased by no more than 12% in the case of tensile properties (modulus of 90◦ specimens) and by < 14.3% in the case of flexural properties (also modulus in 90◦ specimens). Furthermore, the difference in mechanical properties of 0◦ specimens fabricated using a powder cure initiator was observed to be within ≈ 7% of respective properties of control specimens. In the context of fabricating thick laminates for large-size offshore structures, the results suggest that an extended ambient post-cure cycle in conjunction with an initiator in powder form can be employed instead of an elevated temperature post-cure schedule with initiator in liquid form. This is economically beneficial since it eliminates infrastructure required for elevated temperature curing/post-curing. The risk of porosity induced due to liquid-based initiators is also avoided.
Synthesis and superconductivity of new BiS2 based superconductor PrO0.5F0.5BiS2
Creators: name: Jha, Rajveer
name: Kumar, Anuj
name: Singh, Shiva Kumar
name: Awana, V. P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report synthesis and superconductivity at 3.7K in PrO0.5F0.5BiS2. The newly discovered material belongs to the layered sulfide based REO0.5F0.5BiS2 compounds having ZrCuSiAs type structure. The bulk polycrystalline compound is synthesized by vacuum encapsulation technique at 7800C in single step. Detailed structural analysis has shown that the as synthesized PrO0.5F0.5BiS2 is crystallized in tetragonal P4/nmm space group with lattice parameters a = 4.015(5) Å, c = 13.362(4) Å. Bulk superconductivity is observed in PrO0.5F0.5BiS2 below 4K from magnetic and transport measurements. Electrical transport measurements showed superconducting transition temperature (Tc) onset at 3.7K and Tc (ρ=0) at 3.1K. Hump at Tc related to superconducting transition is not observed in heat capacity measurement and rather a Schottky-type anomaly is observed at below ~6K. The compound is slightly semiconducting in normal state. Isothermal magnetization (MH) exhibited typical type II behavior with lower critical field (Hc1) of around 8Oe.
description: Short note 10 pages text+figs. First report on PrO.5F.5BiS2 Sup
The Greisen Function and its Ability to Describe Air-Shower Profiles
Creators: name: Stadelmaier, Maximilian
name: Vícha, Jakub
name: Novotný, Vladimír
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays are almost exclusively detected through extensive air showers, which they initiate upon interaction with the atmosphere. The longitudinal development of these air showers can be directly observed using fluorescence detector telescopes, such as those employed at the Pierre Auger Observatory or the Telescope Array. In this article, we discuss the properties of the Greisen function, which was initially derived as an approximate solution to the electromagnetic cascade equations, and its ability to describe the longitudinal shower profiles. We demonstrate that the Greisen function can be used to describe longitudinal air-shower profiles, even for hadronic air showers. Furthermore we discuss the possibility to discriminate between hadrons and photons from the shape of air-shower profiles using the Greisen function.