cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Temperature-dependent wall slip of Newtonian lubricants
Creators: name: Pelz, Peter F.
name: Corneli, Tobias
name: Mehrnia, Seyedmajid
name: Kuhr, Maximilian M.G.
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2024

description: We discuss (i) the measurement, (ii) interpretation and (iii) technical impact of temperature-dependent wall slip and its activation energy for polar and non-polar hydrocarbon Newtonian fluids moving relative to machined metal surfaces. A newly developed apparatus, the slip length tribometer (SLT), overcomes the drawbacks of existing measurement devices in terms of characterising relevant rough surfaces by measuring the slip length at different temperatures over a sufficiently large wetted area. The experimental data show that the bulk viscosity and slip length at the fluid–metal interface is independent of the shear rate up to 10⁵ s⁻¹, being consistent with recent results from molecular dynamics simulations by Mehrnia & Pelz (J. Mol. Liq., vol. 336, 2021, 116589). Furthermore, the activation energies for wall slip and bulk shear determined by means of the SLT differ by a factor of two, i.e. Eλ ≈ 0.5Eμ for non-polar hydrocarbon molecules sliding relative to metal walls. This difference is explained by a generalised Eyring model applied to wall slip. The paper closes with the impact of wall slip on Sommerfeld’s similarity theory of tribology and the resulting Stribeck curve (Sommerfeld, Z. Math. Phys., vol. 50, 1904, pp. 97–155; Z. Tech. Phys., vol. 2. Jahrg., 1921; Mechanik der deformierbaren Medien, 1944, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Becker & Erler). For this purpose, Reynolds’ equation generalised for wall slip is solved in combination with the experimentally determined constitutive relations for bulk shear and wall slip to predict typical characteristics of journal bearings. The results show that, for a typical journal bearing, where the ratio of slip length to average bearing clearance is of the order of 10⁻², the influence of wall slip on both load-carrying capacity and dissipation is not negligible. This work combines nanofluidics and tribology in order to provide methods and knowledge for e.g. tailor-made fluids and interfaces.
VITALITY-ALS, a phase III trial of tirasemtiv, a selective fast skeletal muscle troponin activator, as a potential treatment for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: study design and baseline characteristics
Creators: name: Andrews, Jinsy A.
name: E. Cudkowicz, Merit
name: Hardiman, Orla
name: Meng, Lisa
name: Bian, Amy
name: Lee, Jacqueline
name: Wolff, Andrew A.
name: Malik, Fady I.
name: M. Shefner, Jeremy
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Objective: To assess the efficacy of tirasemtiv, a fast skeletal muscle troponin activator, vs. placebo on respiratory function and other functional measures in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study was designed to confirm and extend results from a large phase IIb trial and maximize tolerability with a slower dose escalation. Methods: VITALITY-ALS (NCT02496767) was a multinational, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in ALS patients. Participants who tolerated two weeks of open-label tirasemtiv (125 mg twice a day) were randomized 3:2:2:2 to placebo or one of three target total daily dose levels of tirasemtiv (250, 375, or 500 mg). Participants randomized to tirasemtiv escalated their dose every two weeks to their target dose level or maximum tolerated dose. The primary outcome measure was change in slow vital capacity from baseline to 24 weeks. Secondary endpoints assessed the effect of tirasemtiv on muscle strength and certain respiratory milestones of disease progression. A four-week randomized withdrawal phase followed 48 weeks of treatment to evaluate the possibility of sustained benefit or rebound decline. Results: Data collection will be complete in the fourth quarter of 2017. Conclusions: VITALITY-ALS was a phase III trial designed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of tirasemtiv in ALS.
Lower Bounding Diffusion Constant by the Curvature of Drude Weight
Creators: name: Medenjak, Marko
name: Karrasch, Christoph
name: Prosen, Tomaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish a general connection between ballistic and diffusive transport in systems where the ballistic contribution in canonical ensemble vanishes. A lower bound on the Green-Kubo diffusion constant is derived in terms of the curvature of the ideal transport coefficient, the Drude weight, with respect to the filling parameter. As an application, we explicitly determine the lower bound on the high temperature diffusion constant in the anisotropic spin 1/2 Heisenberg chain for anisotropy parameters $Δ\geq 1$, thus settling the question whether the transport is sub-diffusive or not. Addi- tionally, the lower bound is shown to saturate the diffusion constant for a certain classical integrable model.
description: 5+9 pages, 2 figures, v2 features major changes in presentation and additional example
Measurement of the $k_\mathrm{t}$ splitting scales in $Z \to \ell\ell$ events in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement of the splitting scales occuring in the $k_\mathrm{t}$ jet-clustering algorithm is presented for final states containing a $Z$ boson. The measurement is done using 20.2 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data collected at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2012. The measurement is based on charged-particle track information, which is measured with excellent precision in the $p_\mathrm{T}$ region relevant for the transition between the perturbative and the non-perturbative regimes. The data distributions are corrected for detector effects, and are found to deviate from state-of-the-art predictions in various regions of the observables.
description: 42 pages in total, author list starting page 26, 8 figures, 1 table, published in JHEP, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2015-14/
Shock-reflected electrons and X-ray line spectra
Creators: name: Dzifcakova, Elena
name: Vandas, Marek
name: Karlicky, Marian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this paper is to try to explain the physical origin of the non-thermal electron distribution that is able to form the enhanced intensities of satellite lines in the X-ray line spectra observed during the impulsive phases of some solar flares. Synthetic X-ray line spectra of the distributions composed of the distribution of shock reflected electrons and the background Maxwellian distribution are calculated in the approximation of non-Maxwellian ionization, recombination, excitation and de-excitation rates. The distribution of shock reflected electrons is determined analytically. We found that the distribution of electrons reflected at the nearly-perpendicular shock resembles, at its high-energy part, the so called n-distribution. Therefore it could be able to explain the enhanced intensities of Si XIId satellite lines. However, in the region immediately in front of the shock its effect is small because electrons in background Maxwellian plasma are much more numerous there. Therefore, we propose a model in which the shock reflected electrons propagate to regions with smaller densities and different temperatures. Combining the distribution of the shock-reflected electrons with the Maxwellian distribution having different densities and temperatures we found that spectra with enhanced intensities of the satellite lines are formed at low densities and temperatures of the background plasma when the combined distribution is very similar to the n-distribution also in its low-energy part. In these cases, the distribution of the shock-reflected electrons controls the intensity ratio of the allowed Si XIII and Si XIV lines to the Si XIId satellite lines. The high electron densities of the background plasma reduce the effect of shock-reflected electrons on the composed electron distribution function, which leads to the Maxwellian spectra.
The role of homophily in the emergence of opinion controversies
Creators: name: Gargiulo, F.
name: Gandica, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Understanding the emergence of strong controversial issues in modern societies is a key issue in opinion studies. A commonly diffused idea is the fact that the increasing of homophily in social networks, due to the modern ICT, can be a driving force for opinion polariation. In this paper we address the problem with a modelling approach following three basic steps. We first introduce a network morphogenesis model to reconstruct network structures where homophily can be tuned with a parameter. We show that as homophily increases the emergence of marked topological community structures in the networks raises. Secondly, we perform an opinion dynamics process on homophily dependent networks and we show that, contrary to the common idea, homophily helps consensus formation. Finally, we introduce a tunable external media pressure and we show that, actually, the combination of homophily and media makes the media effect less effective and leads to strongly polarized opinion clusters.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures
Presentation: Firefly Algorithm Optimization on Determining Effect of Working Temperature on the Amount of Production
Creators: name: Intan Berlianty
name: Almashayna Weningtyas Priowasono
name: Irwan Soejanto
name: Indun Titisariwati
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This material has presented on 1st International Conference on Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology. October 25, 2022
An estimate for the average number of common zeros of Laplacian eigenfunctions
Creators: name: Akhiezer, Dmitri
name: Kazarnovskii, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C30, 58J05

description: On a compact Riemannian manifold $M$ of dimension $n$, we consider $n$ eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator $Δ$ with eigenvalue $λ$. If $M$ is homogeneous under a compact Lie group preserving the metric then we prove that the average number of common zeros of $n$ eigenfunctions does not exceed $c(n)λ^{n/2}{\rm vol}\,M$, the expression known from the celebrated Weyl's law. Moreover, if the isotropy representation is irreducible, then the estimate turns into equality. The constant $c(n)$ is explicitly given. The method of proof is based on the application of Crofton's formula for the sphere.
description: 10 pages, one reference added
ZFIRE: Using H$α$ equivalent widths to investigate the in situ initial mass function at z~2
Creators: name: Nanayakkara, Themiya
name: Glazebrook, Karl
name: Kacprzak, Glenn G.
name: Yuan, Tiantian
name: Fisher, David B.
name: Tran, Kim-Vy
name: Kewley, Lisa
name: Spitler, Lee
name: Alcorn, Leo
name: Cowley, Michael
name: Labbe, Ivo
name: Straatman, Caroline
name: Tomczak, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the ZFIRE survey (http://zfire.swinburne.edu.au) to investigate the high mass slope of the initial mass function (IMF) for a mass-complete (log10(M$_*$/M$_\odot$)~9.3) sample of 102 star-forming galaxies at z~2 using their H$α$ equivalent widths (H$α$-EW) and rest-frame optical colours. We compare dust-corrected H$α$-EW distributions with predictions of star-formation histories (SFH) from PEGASE.2 and Starburst99 synthetic stellar population models. We find an excess of high H$α$-EW galaxies that are up to 0.3--0.5 dex above the model-predicted Salpeter IMF locus and the H$α$-EW distribution is much broader (10--500 Å) than can easily be explained by a simple monotonic SFH with a standard Salpeter-slope IMF. Though this discrepancy is somewhat alleviated when it is assumed that there is no relative attenuation difference between stars and nebular lines, the result is robust against observational biases, and no single IMF (i.e. non-Salpeter slope) can reproduce the data. We show using both spectral stacking and Monte Carlo simulations that starbursts cannot explain the EW distribution. We investigate other physical mechanisms including models with variations in stellar rotation, binary star evolution, metallicity, and the IMF upper-mass cutoff. IMF variations and/or highly rotating extreme metal poor stars (Z~0.1Z$_\odot$) with binary interactions are the most plausible explanations for our data. If the IMF varies, then the highest H$α$-EWs would require very shallow slopes ($Γ$>-1.0) with no one slope able to reproduce the data. Thus, the IMF would have to vary stochastically. We conclude that the stellar populations at z~2 show distinct differences from local populations and there is no simple physical model to explain the large variation in H$α$-EWs at z~2.
description: Accepted to MNRAS. 43 pages, 27 Figures. Survey website: http://zfire.swinburne.edu.au/
The Calderón problem with corrupted data
Creators: name: Caro, Pedro
name: Garcia, Andoni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the inverse Calderón problem consisting of determining the conductivity inside a medium by electrical measurements on its surface. Ideally, these measurements determine the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map and, therefore, one usually assumes the data to be given by such map. This situation corresponds to having access to infinite-precision measurements, which is totally unrealistic. In this paper, we study the Calderón problem assuming the data to contain measurement errors and provide formulas to reconstruct the conductivity and its normal derivative on the surface. Additionally, we state the rate convergence of the method. Our approach is theoretical and has a stochastic flavour.
description: 15 pages; A longer discussion about the model for the measurement errors has been included; Minor changes recommended by referees
Evidence for at least three planet candidates orbiting HD20794
Creators: name: Feng, Fabo
name: Tuomi, Mikko
name: Jones, Hugh R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the feasibility of detecting Earth analogs around Sun-like stars using the radial velocity method by investigating one of the largest radial velocities datasets for the one of the most stable radial-velocity stars HD20794. We proceed by disentangling the Keplerian signals from correlated noise and activity-induced variability. We diagnose the noise using the differences between radial velocities measured at different wavelength ranges, so-called "differential radial velocities". We apply this method to the radial velocities measured by HARPS, and identify four signals at 18, 89, 147 and 330 d. The two signals at periods of 18 and 89 d are previously reported and are better quantified in this work. The signal at a period of about 147 d is reported for the first time, and corresponds to a super-Earth with a minimum mass of 4.59 Earth mass located 0.51 AU from HD20794. We also find a significant signal at a period of about 330 d corresponding to a super-Earth or Neptune in the habitable zone. Since this signal is close to the annual sampling period and significant periodogram power in some noise proxies are found close to this signal, further observations and analyses are required to confirm it. The analyses of the eccentricity and consistency of signals provide weak evidence for the existence of the previously reported 43 d signal and a new signal at a period of about 11.9 d with a semi amplitude of 0.4 m/s. We find that the detection of a number of signals with radial velocity variations around 0.5\,m/s likely caused by low mass planet candidates demonstrates the important role of noise modeling in searching for Earth analogs.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in A&A
Common Foundations for SHACL, ShEx, and PG-Schema
Creators: name: Ahmetaj, S.
name: Boneva, I.
name: Hidders, J.
name: Hose, K.
name: Jakubowski, M.
name: Labra-Gayo, J. E.
name: Martens, W.
name: Mogavero, F.
name: Murlak, F.
name: Okulmus, C.
name: Polleres, A.
name: Savkovic, O.
name: Simkus, M.
name: Tomaszuk, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.4

description: Graphs have emerged as an important foundation for a variety of applications, including capturing and reasoning over factual knowledge, semantic data integration, social networks, and providing factual knowledge for machine learning algorithms. To formalise certain properties of the data and to ensure data quality, there is a need to describe the schema of such graphs. Because of the breadth of applications and availability of different data models, such as RDF and property graphs, both the Semantic Web and the database community have independently developed graph schema languages: SHACL, ShEx, and PG-Schema. Each language has its unique approach to defining constraints and validating graph data, leaving potential users in the dark about their commonalities and differences. In this paper, we provide formal, concise definitions of the core components of each of these schema languages. We employ a uniform framework to facilitate a comprehensive comparison between the languages and identify a common set of functionalities, shedding light on both overlapping and distinctive features of the three languages.
description: To be published at WWW 2025
Coherent Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering and new Neutrino Interactions
Creators: name: Lindner, Manfred
name: Rodejohann, Werner
name: Xu, Xun-Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the potential to probe new neutrino physics with future experiments measuring coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering. Experiments with high statistics should become feasible soon and allow to constrain parameters with unprecedented precision. Using a benchmark setup for a future experiment probing reactor neutrinos, we study the sensitivity on neutrino non-standard interactions and new exotic neutral currents (scalar, tensor, etc). Compared to Fermi interaction, percent and permille level strengths of the new interactions can be probed, superseding for some observables the limits from future neutrino oscillation experiments by up to two orders of magnitude.
description: 21 pages, 12 figures, comments added, version to appear in JHEP
Menace Of Rape In Nigerian Society Value Reorientation Through School And Social Media Programmes As A Panacea.pdf
Creators: name: Orji, Evelyn   Ijeoma
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: There is observed increase in rape, aggression, violence and crime in the Nigerian society today. The various news/media are on a daily basis disseminating reports of rape incidences in the society. Although majority of cases are reportedly undisclosed the menace of rape has become a global social, health and human right problem which has caused agitations to stop the menace among various stakeholders. Rape behavior is an act of violence which occurs when someone takes control over another by the use of physical threats or force, or by exploiting another person’s inability to give or withhold consent for sex. Rape is a legal terminology reserved for cases of penile penetration of victim’s vagina, mouth or anus without consent. Rape behavior is a serious breach to a person’s privacy, security and sexuality. Rape remains a traumatic experience that usually has devastating psychological and emotional consequences on the victims’ and other members of society. To some Nigerians, the menace of rape culture in recent time is unprecedented and this has been associated with too many causes ranging from hereditary, value-orientation to socio?economic challenges. Educational stakeholders like school psychologist, guidance and counsellors, parents, teachers and the society is aggrieved about this rape culture which is gradually establishing itself and even attempting to overtake the value system. There is need for intervention against rape. The present researchers insist that there is need for value reorientation through the school and social media product for the upcoming leaders of the society beginning from the basic education level. The issue discussed in this paper are; nature of rape and involvement, physical, psychological, emotional, social effect of rape and value reorientation. Conclusion is that together we can fight the war against rape in the society. Suggestions for counselling include; school programs should be integrated with values to empower individuals to stand against rape among others.
title: Weniger Geburten,  mehr Lehrkräfte
title: Spielraum für die Grundschulentwicklung
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Klemm, Klaus
name: Zorn, Dirk
Publisher: name: Bertelsmann Stiftung
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/01wj9hk44
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: Lehrkräfte
Lehrkräftemangel
Geburtenentwicklung
Grundschule
Primarstufe

description: Neue Berechnungen zeigen, dass schon ab Mitte dieses Jahrzehnts mehr ausgebildete Lehrer:innen im Grundschulbereich zur Verfügung stehen, als es Stellen zu besetzen gibt. Ursache dafür ist die Trendwende bei der Geburtenentwicklung. Die Politik sollte diese Chance nutzen, um mit den zusätzlichen vorhandenen Lehrkräften die pädagogische Qualität zu verbessern.
NOMODDIY MADANIY MEROS JAMIYATIMIZ DURDONASI
Creators: name: Toxirjonova, Muhlisa
name: Nishonova, Jumagul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqola nomoddiy madaniy merosning o‘rni, uni asrab-avaylash va ta’lim tizimiga tatbiq etish xususida so‘z boradi.
Two Higgs bosons near 125 GeV in the NMSSM: beyond the narrow width approximation
Creators: name: Das, Biswaranjan
name: Moretti, Stefano
name: Munir, Shoaib
name: Poulose, Poulose
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the next-to-minimal supersymmetric (NMS) Standard Model (SM), it is possible for either one of the additional singlet-like scalar and pseudoscalar Higgs bosons to be almost degenerate in mass with the ~125 GeV SM-like Higgs state. In the real NMSSM (rNMSSM), when the mass difference between two scalar states is comparable to their individual total decay widths, the quantum mechanical interference, due to the relevant diagonal as well as off-diagonal terms in the propagator matrix, between them can become sizable. This possibility invalidates usage of the narrow width approximation (NWA) to compute the cross section for the production of a di-photon pair with a given invariant mass via resonant Higgs boson(s) in the gluon fusion process at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). When, motivated by the baryon asymmetry of the universe, CP-violating (CPV) phases are explicitly invoked in the Higgs sector of the NMSSM, all the interaction eigenstates mix to give five CP-indefinite physical Higgs bosons. In this scenario, the interference effects due the off-diagonal terms in the Higgs mass matrix that mix the pseudoscalar-like state with the SM-like one can also become significant, when these two are sufficiently mass-degenerate. We perform a detailed analysis, in both the real and complex NMSSM, of these interference effects, when the full propagator matrix is taken into account, in the production of a photon pair with an invariant mass near 125 GeV through gluon fusion. We find that these effects can account for up to ~40% of the total cross section for certain model parameter configurations. We also investigate how such mutually interfering states contributing to the ~125 GeV signal observed at the LHC can be distinguished from a single resonance.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures. Typos corrected, some figures and text improved. Version published in EPJC
A 3D model for CO molecular line emission as a potential CMB polarization contaminant
Creators: name: Puglisi, Giuseppe
name: Fabbian, Giulio
name: Baccigalupi, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model for simulating Carbon Monoxide (CO) rotational line emission in molecular clouds, taking account of their 3D spatial distribution in galaxies with different geometrical properties. The model implemented is based on recent results in the literature and has been designed for performing Monte-Carlo simulations of this emission. We compare the simulations produced with this model and calibrate them, both on the map level and on the power spectrum level, using the second release of data from the Planck satellite for the Galactic plane, where the signal-to-noise ratio is highest. We use the calibrated model to extrapolate the CO power spectrum at low Galactic latitudes where no high sensitivity observations are available yet. We then forecast the level of unresolved polarized emission from CO molecular clouds which could contaminate the power spectrum of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization B-modes away from the Galactic plane. Assuming realistic levels of the polarization fraction, we show that the level of contamination is equivalent to a cosmological signal with $r \lesssim 0.02$. The Monte-Carlo MOlecular Line Emission (MCMole3D) Python package, which implements this model, is being made publicly available.
description: Added analysis for axisymmetric models. Matches version accepted in MNRAS
Examination of the adiabatic approximation for $(d,p)$ reactions
Creators: name: Chazono, Y.
name: Yoshida, K.
name: Ogata, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Background: Deuteron-induced one-neutron transfer reactions have been used to extract single-particle properties of nuclei, and the adiabatic (AD) approximation is often used to simply treat the deuteron breakup states. Purpose: The primary goal is to examine the validity of the AD approximation for the ($d,p$) reaction systematically. We clarify also the role of the closed-channels often ignored in the description of breakup reactions. Methods: We calculate the ($d,p$) cross sections with the continuum-discretized coupled-channels method (CDCC) for 128 reactions systems and compare the results with those obtained by the CDCC calculation with the AD approximation. Effect of the closed channels are investigated by ignoring the closed channels in CDCC. Results: The AD approximation affects in general the ($d,p$) cross section by less than 20 %, but some exceptional nonadiabatic cases for which the AD approximation breaks down are found. The closed channels turn out to give significant effects on the cross section at deuteron energies less than about 10 MeV. Conclusions: The use of the AD approximation in the description of the ($d,p$) reaction can be justified in many cases, with the uncertainty of less than about 20 %. The existence of some nonadiabatic cases nevertheless should be realized. The neglect of the closed channels without confirming the convergence of the CDCC result is not recommended.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables
Efficient sampling of knotting-unknotting pathways for semiflexible Gaussian chains
Creators: name: Micheletti, Cristian
name: Orland, Henri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a stochastic method to generate exactly the overdamped Langevin dynamics of semi-flexible Gaussian chains, conditioned to evolve between given initial and final conformations in a preassigned time. The initial and final conformations have no restrictions, and hence can be in any knotted state. Our method allows the generation of statistically independent paths in a computationally efficient manner. We show that these conditioned paths can be exactly generated by a set of local stochastic differential equations. The method is used to analyze the transition routes between various knots in crossable filamentous structures, thus mimicking topological reconnections occurring in soft matter systems or those introduced in DNA by topoisomerase enzymes. We find that the average number of crossings, writhe and unknotting number are not necessarily monotonic in time and that more complex topologies than the initial and final ones can be visited along the route.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
The SU(3) Sextet Model with Wilson Fermions
Creators: name: Hansen, Martin
name: Drach, Vincent
name: Pica, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the spectrum and IR properties of the SU(3) "sextet" model with two Dirac fermions in the two-index symmetric representation via lattice simulations. This model is a prime candidate for a realization of Walking Technicolor, which features a minimal matter content and it is expected to be inside or very close to the lower boundary of the conformal window. We use the Wilson discretization for the fermions and map the phase structure of the lattice model. We study several spectral and gradient flow observables both in the bulk and the weak coupling phases. While in the bulk phase we find clear signs of chiral symmetry breaking, in the weak coupling phase there is no clear indication for it, and instead the chiral limit of the model seems compatible with an IR-conformal behavior.
description: 32 pages, many figures
Speed of Gravitational Waves from Strongly Lensed Gravitational Waves and Electromagnetic Signals
Creators: name: Fan, Xi-Long
name: Liao, Kai
name: Biesiada, Marek
name: Piorkowska-Kurpas, Aleksandra
name: Zhu, Zong-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new model-independent measurement strategy for the propagation speed of gravitational waves (GWs) based on strongly lensed GWs and their electromagnetic (EM) counterparts. This can be done in two ways: by comparing arrival times of GWs and their EM counterparts and by comparing the time delays between images seen in GWs and their EM counterparts. The lensed GW-EM event is perhaps the best way to identify an EM counterpart. Conceptually, this method does not rely on any specific theory of massive gravitons or modified gravity. Its differential setting (i.e., measuring the difference between time delays in GW and EM domains) makes it robust against lens modeling details (photons and GWs travel in the same lensing potential) and against internal time delays between GW and EM emission acts. It requires, however, that the theory of gravity is metric and predicts gravitational lensing similar to general relativity. We expect that such a test will become possible in the era of third-generation gravitational-wave detectors, when about 10 lensed GW events would be observed each year. The power of this method is mainly limited by the timing accuracy of the EM counterpart, which for kilonovae is around $10^4$ s.Thisuncertaintycanbesuppressedbya factor of $\sim 10^{10}$, if strongly lensed transients of much shorter duration associated with the GW event can be identified. Candidates for such short transients include short gamma-ray burst and fast radio bursts.
description: update refs based on PRL published version
title: “Evaluation of an electromagnetically actuated drum brake concept”
Creators: name: Guckes, Lennart
name: Hoffmann, Jens
name: Schrimpf, Malte
name: Winner, Hermann
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2024

description: In publications and conferences on the subject of wheel brakes, different concepts of electromechanically actuated wheel brakes can be found, as well as investigations into their suitability for the use in passenger cars. The vast majority of these brakes are disc or drum brakes, which are actuated by an electric motor. In the present publication, a brake concept is considered, that combines an electromagnetically actuated full-pad disc brake with a 10″ duo-duplex drum brake. The brake concept is researched in a project regarding brakes for autonomous shuttles and thus dimensioned using vehicle data of an example shuttle. The electromagnet was designed using finite element methods and the overall brake prototypically realized. The validation of the system design is carried out in component and system tests. The results show the suitability of the concept for the selected vehicle in terms of dynamics, installation space and energy requirements. However, there is a strong dependence of the braking torque output on the frictional sliding speed. Using hypothesis-based testing, electromagnetic effects like eddy currents are ruled out as a possible cause and the friction coefficient within the full-pad disc brake is identified as the main cause for the loss in torque. Consequently, the associated development conflict is identified and lies in the double function of the flux-carrying material in the electromagnet, which also acts as a friction partner for the braking disc.
Conformal line defects at finite temperature
Creators: name: Barrat, Julien
name: Fiol, Bartomeu
name: Marchetto, Enrico
name: Miscioscia, Alessio
name: Pomoni, Elli
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2024
Subjects: field theory, scalar
tensor, energy-momentum
field theory, conformal
effect, thermal
entropy, density
model, O(N)
symmetry, conformal
group, conformal
scaling, dimension
defect
finite temperature
Polyakov loop
operator product expansion
sum rule
correlation function
bootstrap
expansion 1/N
gauge field theory
free energy
circle

description: We investigate conformal field theories at finite temperature in the presence of a conformal line defect, specifically one that wraps the thermal circle, akin to a Polyakov loop in gauge theories.Despite the symmetry being largely broken, the system retains crucial constraints from its zero-temperature counterpart.In this work, we focus on relating the one- and two-point functions of bulk and defect operators to non-thermal data, augmented by thermal one-point functions.From the KMS condition, we derive sum rules that establish a bootstrap problem for defect one-point functions.We also comment on the behavior of operators with large scaling dimensions. Additionally, we relate the free energy and entropy density to the OPE data through the one-point function of the stress-energy tensor.Our formalism is validated through analytical computations in generalized free scalar field theory, and we present new predictions for the O(N) model with a magnetic impurity in the epsilon-expansion and the large N limit.
Where the Great Cities Go, Do Other Cities Follow? Divergent Trajectories of LGBTQ Organizational Growth Across the United States During the AIDS Crisis
Creators: name: Somashekhar, Mahesh
name: Negro, Giacomo
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Urban sociology and community studies
subject: Urban community development
subject: Sexualities
subject: Human society
subject: Gender studies
subject: Social geography

description: Numerous studies examine how LGBTQ life differs between large, cosmopolitan cities like San Francisco and other, less prominent cities. Nevertheless, most of this research is done through case studies of one or a handful of LGBTQ communities, making it unclear how unique the large hubs of LGBTQ life truly are. This study leverages nationally complete data from the U.S. Gayellow Pages, a historical listing of local LGBTQ organizations, to evaluate how the organizational response of LGBTQ communities to the AIDS crisis—arguably the most prolific era of organizational creation in LGBTQ history—differed between large hubs and other cities. Findings make clear the risks of generalizing about LGBTQ life from large hubs alone. Although AIDS stimulated the creation of health-related and social movement organizations in large hubs, AIDS was more strongly associated with organizational creation outside of rather than within large hubs. The types of organizations created due to AIDS tended to be more varied outside of rather than within large hubs as well. These differences highlight the value of decentering the large hubs of LGBTQ life as units of analysis in the study of sexuality and space.
Second harmonic spectroscopy to optically detect valley polarization in 2D materials
Creators: name: Hipolito, F.
name: Pereira, Vitor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Valley polarization (VP), an induced imbalance in the populations of a multi-valley electronic system, allows emission of second harmonic (SH) light even in centrosymmetric crystals such as graphene. Whereas in systems such as MoS$\mathrm{_2}$ or BN this adds to their intrinsic quadratic response, SH generation in a multi-valley inversion-symmetric crystal can provide a direct measure of valley polarization. By computing the nonlinear response and characterizing theoretically the respective SH as a function of polarization, temperature, electron density, and degree of VP, we demonstrate the possibility of disentangling and individually quantifying the intrinsic and valley contributions to the SH. A specific experimental setup is proposed to obtain direct quantitative information about the degree of VP and allow its remote mapping. This approach could prove useful for direct, contactless, real-space monitoring of valley injection and other applications of valley transport and valleytronics.
description: Updating with published version, including typesetting corrections to eqs 3 and 4; 7 pages, 5 figures
Diffusion in Quasi-One Dimensional Channels: A Small System $n,p,T,$ Transition State Theory for Hopping Times
Creators: name: Ahmadi, Sheida
name: Bowles, Richard K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particles confined to a single file, in a narrow quasi-one dimensional channel, exhibit a dynamic crossover from single file diffusion to Fickian diffusion as the channel radius increases and the particles can begin to pass each other. The long time diffusion coefficient for a system in the crossover regime can be described in terms of a hopping time, which measures the time it takes for a particle to escape the cage formed by its neighbours. In this paper, we develop a transition state theory approach to the calculation of the hopping time, using the small system isobaric--isothermal ensemble to rigorously account for the volume fluctuations associated with the size of the cage. We also describe a Monte Carlo simulation scheme that can be used to calculate the free energy barrier for particle hopping. The theory and simulation method correctly predict the hopping times for a two dimensional confined ideal gas system and a system of confined hard discs over a range of channel radii, but the method breaks down for wide channels in the hard discs case, underestimating the height of the hopping barrier due to the neglect of interactions between the small system and its surroundings.
description: 13 Pages and & 7 Figures: Added Discussion corrected typos
Randomized clinical split-mouth study on a novel self-adhesive bulk-fill restorative vs. a conventional bulk-fill composite for restoration of class II cavities – results after three years
Creators: name: Cieplik, Fabian
name: Hiller, Karl-Anton
name: Buchalla, Wolfgang
name: Federlin, Marianne
name: Scholz, Konstantin J.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Class II, Filtek one, Self-adhesive, RBC, Bulk-fill
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Objectives
This randomized prospective split-mouth study evaluated the clinical performance of a novel, tooth-colored, self-adhesive bulk-fill restorative (SABF, 3M) for restoration of class II cavities as compared to a conventional bulk-fill composite (Filtek One, 3M; FOBF) over 36 months. The null-hypothesis was that both materials perform equally regarding clinical success and performance according to the FDI clinical criteria and scoring system.
Methods
30 patients received one SABF and one FOBF restoration each. For FOBF, Scotchbond Universal (3M) was used as adhesive (self-etch mode), whereas SABF was applied without adhesive. Two blinded examiners evaluated the restorations at baseline, 24 and 36 months using FDI criteria. Data were analyzed non-parametrically (χ2-tests; α=0.05).
Results
29 patients were available for the 24- and 36-month examinations. Clinical success rate was 96.6% for both materials at 36-mo (one restoration failure due to secondary caries each). All other restorations revealed clinically acceptable FDI scores at all recalls. FOBF performed significantly better than SABF at all time points regarding surface lustre (p<0.001) and color match and translucency (p<0.001) and regarding marginal staining at 36-months (p=0.008). Marginal staining and marginal adaptation deteriorated significantly over time for both materials (both p<0.001).
Conclusions
The null-hypothesis could only partially be rejected. Both materials performed similarly regarding clinical success and performance within 36 months of clinical service, but SABF exhibited significantly inferior, but clinically fully acceptable esthetic properties as compared to FOBF. Both restorative materials showed clinically fully acceptable results over 36 months of clinical service and thus may be recommended for clinical use.
Clinical significance
The novel tooth-colored self-adhesive bulk-fill restorative exhibited clinically fully acceptable results over 36 months of clinical service, similarly to a conventional bulk-fill restorative used with a universal adhesive, but with slight shortcomings in esthetic properties. Therefore, both restorative materials may be recommended for clinical use.
Exceptional collections in surface-like categories
Creators: name: Kuznetsov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We provide a categorical framework for recent results of Markus Perling on combinatorics of exceptional collections on numerically rational surfaces. Using it we simplify and generalize some of Perling's results as well as Vial's criterion for existence of a numerical exceptional collection.
description: 23 pages; v2: some references added, the relation to the approach of [dTVdB] discussed
Combined free-stream disturbance measurements and receptivity studies in hypersonic wind tunnels by means of a slender wedge probe and DNS
Creators: name: Wagner, Alexander
name: Schülein, Erich
name: Petervari, René
name: Hannemann, Klaus
name: Ali, Syed R. C.
name: Cerminara, Adriano
name: Sandham, Neil D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combined free-stream disturbance measurements and receptivity studies in hypersonic wind tunnels were conducted by means of a slender wedge probe and direct numerical simulation. The study comprises comparative tunnel noise measurements at Mach 3, 6 and 7.4 in two Ludwieg tube facilities and a shock tunnel. Surface pressure fluctuations were measured over a wide range of frequencies and test conditions including harsh test environments not accessible to measurement techniques such as pitot probes and hot-wire anemometry. Quantitative results of the tunnel noise are provided in frequency ranges relevant for hypersonic boundary layer transition. In combination with the experimental studies, direct numerical simulations of the leading-edge receptivity to fast and slow acoustic waves were performed for the slender wedge probe at conditions corresponding to the experimental free-stream conditions. The receptivity to fast acoustic waves was found to be characterized by an early amplification of the induced fast mode. For slow acoustic waves an initial decay was found close to the leading edge. At all Mach numbers, and for all considered frequencies, the leading-edge receptivity to fast acoustic waves was found to be higher than the receptivity to slow acoustic waves. Further, the effect of inclination angles of the acoustic wave with respect to the flow direction was investigated. The combined numerical and experimental approach in the present study confirmed the previous suggestion that the slow acoustic wave is the dominant acoustic mode in noisy hypersonic wind tunnels.
description: in preparation for submission to Physics of Fluids