cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bringing legal knowledge to the public by constructing a legal question bank using large-scale pre-trained language model
Creators: name: Yuan, Mingruo
name: Kao, Ben
name: Wu, Tien-Hsuan
name: Cheung, Michael M. K.
name: Chan, Henry W. H.
name: Cheung, Anne S. Y.
name: Chan, Felix W. H.
name: Chen, Yongxi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Access to legal information is fundamental to access to justice. Yet accessibility refers not only to making legal documents available to the public, but also rendering legal information comprehensible to them. A vexing problem in bringing legal information to the public is how to turn formal legal documents such as legislation and judgments, which are often highly technical, to easily navigable and comprehensible knowledge to those without legal education. In this study, we formulate a three-step approach for bringing legal knowledge to laypersons, tackling the issues of navigability and comprehensibility. First, we translate selected sections of the law into snippets (called CLIC-pages), each being a small piece of article that focuses on explaining certain technical legal concept in layperson's terms. Second, we construct a Legal Question Bank (LQB), which is a collection of legal questions whose answers can be found in the CLIC-pages. Third, we design an interactive CLIC Recommender (CRec). Given a user's verbal description of a legal situation that requires a legal solution, CRec interprets the user's input and shortlists questions from the question bank that are most likely relevant to the given legal situation and recommends their corresponding CLIC pages where relevant legal knowledge can be found. In this paper we focus on the technical aspects of creating an LQB. We show how large-scale pre-trained language models, such as GPT-3, can be used to generate legal questions. We compare machine-generated questions (MGQs) against human-composed questions (HCQs) and find that MGQs are more scalable, cost-effective, and more diversified, while HCQs are more precise. We also show a prototype of CRec and illustrate through an example how our 3-step approach effectively brings relevant legal knowledge to the public.
Centris (Heterocentris) totonaca Cresson 1879
Creators: name: Vivallo, Felipe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Centris
Centris totonaca

description: Centris (Heterocentris) totonaca Cresson, 1879
(Figs 7, 8)
 Centris totonaca CRESSON,1879b. 7:213, 214. Junior synonym of C. analis (MOURE, 1960).
Type data. This species was proposed based on a single female collected in Mexico. The holotype is housed at ANSP and has the following data label: Mex. [printed]\ [red label] HoloTYPE [printed] 2626 [handwritten] (ANSP).
Type locality. Mexico.
 Comments. The specimen was collected by Francis Sumichrast, the same collector of the type specimens of C. montezuma and C. otomita. Females of this species can be identified by the two yellow triangles on clypeus and the smooth and shiny integument between the punctures of the clypeal disc (Fig. 7), the orange brown metasoma, the scopa whitish on tibia and brownish on basitarsus (Fig. 8) and by the orange lanceolate hairs on the lower corner of the pronotum. Photos of both sexes of this species can be found in VIVALLO & ZANELLA (2012). The type locality cannot be further narrowed down than to Mexico.
description: Published as part of Vivallo, Felipe, 2020, The Centris bees described by Ezra Townsend Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae), pp. 1-7 in Iheringia, Série Zoologia (e 2020020) (e 2020020) 110 on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2020020, http://zenodo.org/record/13266247
Centris (Paracentris) lanosa Cresson 1872
Creators: name: Vivallo, Felipe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Centris
Centris lanosa

description: Centris (Paracentris) lanosa Cresson, 1872
(Figs. 9, 10)
 Centris lanosa CRESSON, 1872. 4:284.
Type data. CRESSON (1872) described this species based on three males collected in Texas, southern United States. In 1916, he designated the lectotype which is currently housed at ANSP. The specimen has the following data label: Tex. [prInted]\ ♂ [prInted]\ [red label] LectoTYPE [prInted] 2624 [handwritten] (ANSP).
Type locality. United States: Arizona state: Texas.
 Comments. The type series were collected by the Swedish collector Gustaf Wilhelm Belfrage (1834–1882). He was a prodigious collector and one of the best of his time. According to GEISER (1933) the number of new and interesting species discovered by Belfrage was astonishing, considering that they were collected in a very limited area of Arizona State. During 1866, Belfrage entered into correspondence with several entomologists, including Cresson. They encouraged him to make a trip to Texas to collect insects (GEISER, 1933) during which the type specimens of C. lanosa were collected. The females have the first flagellomere slightly shorter than the following three segments combined and the metasoma with bluish metallic reflections. Males can be identified by the yellowish hairs on head and mesosoma (Fig. 10), by the paraocular area, the base of the mandible and the anterior surface of the scape yellow (Fig. 9); and by the clypeus with relatively dense punctation, except for a longitudinal unpunctate median line on disc. Centris lanosa has been recorded in the American states of Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas and Florida (MOURE et al., 2007).
description: Published as part of Vivallo, Felipe, 2020, The Centris bees described by Ezra Townsend Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae), pp. 1-7 in Iheringia, Série Zoologia (e 2020020) (e 2020020) 110 on page 5, DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2020020, http://zenodo.org/record/13266247
Supplementary document for Impact of Preprocessing Methods on Raman Spectra of Brain Tissue - 6137376.pdf
Creators: name: Wahl, Joel
name: Klint, Elisabeth
name: Hallbeck, Martin
name: Hillman, Jan
name: Wårdell, Karin
name: Ramser, Kerstin
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Neurocognitive Patterns and Neural Networks

description: Supplementary Figures
title: Achtung, Elektroauto!: Elektromobilität, elektrische Sicherheit und Gefahrenabwehr
Creators: name: Hirsch, Holger
name: Hoffmann, Robert
name: Jeschke, Sebastian
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 621.3
subject: 620

description: Die Sicherheit elektrisch betriebener Fahrzeuge ist ein wichtiger Aspekt im Rahmen ihrer Markteinführung. Besonders die Batterie und die Hochspannungskabel bergen hohe Gefahrenpotenziale. Holger Hirsch beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema der elektrischen Sicherheit von Elektrofahrzeugen und dem sicheren Umgang mit diesen Fahrzeugen durch Einsatz- und Rettungskräfte im Falle eines Unfalls. Er analysiert die gängigen Sicherheitsstandards und Zulassungsverordnungen und erarbeitet technische sowie organisatorische Konzepte zur Sicherheit der elektrischen Fahrzeuge.
description: The safety of electrically propelled vehicles is a sensitive issue, impacting on their full introduction to the market. All groups of people coming into contact with such vehicles, such as the fire brigade, workshop personnel and the driver must be protected against injuries caused by an electric shock and fault arcs. The propulsion battery and the High Volt wiring harness in particular represent new safety hazards in electric vehicles compared to commercial vehicles with combustion engines. The current standards and type approval regulations for the new types of electrically propelled vehicles are currently insufficient for vehicles licensed for public streets. Therefore, as requested in the current German standardisation roadmap, these standards must be adapt-ed to these new fields of application. In addition to the normative requirements, vehicle manufacturers have introduced several safety systems for the maintenance of electrical safety. The insulation resistance as well as the consistence of the whole electric propulsion circuit can be monitored by suitable measurement devices. Thus insulation faults, caused by an accident for example, can be detected reliably and a disconnection of the propulsion battery can be initialized. With regard to safety systems implemented in electric vehicles there is actually an urgent need for development. We are currently developing a test setup for experimental studies concerning safety systems which can be implemented in electric vehicles for improving electrical safety.
description: UNIKATE: Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre, no. 39Ingenieurwissenschaften: Herausforderung Elektromobilität, p. 42
title: „Urbane Systeme“, die Geisteswissenschaften und die Metropole Ruhr: Interdisziplinäre Metropolenforschung vor der Haustür und in aller Welt
Creators: name: Gurr, Jens
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 943

description: Anhand mehrerer aktueller Projekte im Forschungsschwerpunkt „Urbane Systeme“ der Universität Duisburg-Essen wird der interdisziplinäre und globale Ansatz deutlich. Jens Martin Gurr stellt außerdem die Geisteswissenschaften und einige ihrer zentralen Forschungsthemen innerhalb des Schwerpunkts vor und diskutiert den Begriff des Urbanen sowie den der „Metropole Ruhr“.
description: The essay outlines the genesis, fundamental assumptions and aims of the University’s main research area “Urban Systems”, which serves as a platform to leverage the competencies in urban research from across the entire university. Briefly discussing a number of recent major projects, it highlights the need for coordinated interdisciplinary research in order to address the complexities of highly urbanized contemporary societies. It goes on to outline the role of the humanities in this interdisciplinary research context and gives an overview of the scope of research in the research field of “urban culture”, commenting on different definitions of “urban culture” and highlighting the political, social and psychological functions that different forms of cultural expression fulfil in urban contexts. Taking its cue from debates on the metropolitan status of the Ruhr region, the essay explores the concepts of “metropolis”, “city” and “urbanity” and the connections between them, pointing out that “metropolis” and, to a lesser extent, “city”, are not merely descriptive terms, but more or less strongly imply normative elements, even a utopian promise. Furthermore, “urbanity” is by no means necessarily tied to the physical space of the city, but is shown to be a discursive construct brought about in processes of communication.
description: UNIKATE: Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre, no. 38Geistes-/Gesellschaftswissenschaften: Beiträge zur "Ruhr 2010", p. 8
Centris (Xanthemisia) armillata Cresson 1869
Creators: name: Vivallo, Felipe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Centris
Centris armillata

description: Centris (Xanthemisia) armillata Cresson, 1869
 Centris armillatus CRESSON, 1869. 2:298. Junior synonym of C. aethiops (SNELLING, 1966).
Type data. Cresson proposed this new species based on a single male specimen collected in an unknown locality in Cuba. The holotype is housed at IESH (Gundlach collection) and unfortunately it was not available during the development of this article.
Type locality. Greater Antilles: Cuba.
Comment. The male of this species has the mesoscutum with a band of pale yellow pilosity on the anterior margin, contrasted with the blackish pubescence of the rest of the body; and the punctation of the clypeus is uniformly distributed. The type locality cannot be further narrowed down than to Cuba.
description: Published as part of Vivallo, Felipe, 2020, The Centris bees described by Ezra Townsend Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae), pp. 1-7 in Iheringia, Série Zoologia (e 2020020) (e 2020020) 110 on page 6, DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2020020, http://zenodo.org/record/13266247
Crash characteristics of on-road single-bicycle crashes: an under-recognised problem
Creators: name: Beck, Ben
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: Compared with crashes with motor vehicles, single-bicycle crashes are an under-recognised contributor to cycling injury and the aetiology is poorly understood. Using an in-depth crash investigation technique, this study describes the crash characteristics and patient outcomes of a sample of cyclists admitted to hospital following on-road bicycle crashes. Enrolled cyclists completed a structured interview, and injury details and patient outcomes were extracted from trauma registries. Single-bicycle crashes (n=62) accounted for 48% of on-road crashes and commonly involved experienced cyclists. Common single-bicycle crash types included loss-of-control events, interactions with tram tracks, striking potholes or objects or resulting from mechanical issues with the bicycle. To address single-bicycle crashes, targeted countermeasures are required for each of these specific crash types.
title: Strukturwandel an der Ruhr: Die Entwicklung des Ruhrgebiets im Spiegel regionaler Strukturmodelle
Creators: name: Wehling, Hans-Werner
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 943

description: Ab Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts bis zu den frühen 1960er Jahren entwickelte sich das Ruhrgebiet zu Europas größtem industriellen Ballungsraum. Seitdem hat die Deindustrialisierung die traditionelle ökonomische Basis vernichtet und unterschiedlichste Formen der wirtschaftlichen und städtischen Schrumpfung hervorgebracht. Gegenstrategien wollen das Ruhrgebiet in eine postindustrielle Metropole verwandeln. Hans-Werner Wehling analysiert die verschiedenen Stadien des Wandels anhand unterschiedlicher Modelle.
description: From the mid-19th century to the early 1960s, the Ruhr area developed into Europe’s largest, most cohesive and most prosperous industrial conurbation. Since then, de-industrialisation has undermined the traditional economic base and caused various forms of economic and urban decline. Simultaneously, a range of regional planning and development strategies have been designed and implemented to overcome economic, urban and social deficiencies; with a view to transforming the Ruhr area into a post-industrial metropolis. The paper analyses the various stages of development using different spatial models of the area.
description: UNIKATE: Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre, no. 38Geistes-/Gesellschaftswissenschaften: Beiträge zur "Ruhr 2010", p. 18
Crystal valley Hall effect
Creators: name: Tan, Chao-Yang
name: Gao, Ze-Feng
name: Yang, Huan-Cheng
name: Liu, Zheng-Xin
name: Liu, Kai
name: Guo, Peng-Jie
name: Lu, Zhong-Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The time-reversal symmetry is thought to be a necessary condition for realizing valley Hall effect. If the time-reversal symmetry is broken, whether the valley Hall effect can be realized has not been explored. In this letter, based on symmetry analysis and the first-principles electronic structure calculations, we demonstrate that the vally Hall effect without time-reversal symmetry can be realized in two-dimensional altermagnetic materials Fe$_2$WSe$_4$ and Fe$_2$WS$_4$. Due to crystal symmetry required, the vally Hall effect without time-reversal symmetry is called crystal vally Hall effect. In addition, under uniaxial strain, both monolayer Fe$_2$WSe$_4$ and Fe$_2$WS$_4$ can realize piezomagnetic effect. Under biaxial compressive stress, both monolayer Fe$_2$WSe$_4$ and Fe$_2$WS$_4$ will transform from altermagnetic semiconductor phase to bipolarized topological Weyl semimetal phase. Our work not only provides a new direction for exploring the novel valley Hall effect, but also provides a good platform for exploring altermagnetic semiconductors and altermagnetic topological phase transitions.
description: 6 pages,4 figures
title: Hörbare Vehikel: Experimente zur Geräuschwahrnehmung von Elektroautos durch Handicap-Gruppen
Creators: name: Dudenhöffer, Kathrin
name: Hause, Leonie
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 380

description: An der Universität Duisburg-Essen hat man eine Studie zur Wahrnehmung von Elektromobilen durch blinde und sehbehinderte Personen durchgeführt. Dieser Beitrag stellt einige Ergebnisse vor. Weitere Forschungen über Assistenzsysteme zur Verkehrssicherheit stehen an.
description: This study analyzes people’s sound perceptions and sense of safety in traffic situations with electric cars and aims to discover the risk potential of electrified road traffic. The focus is on people with disabilities; especially blind and visually impaired individuals. Integrated into the study were three pairs of vehicles, each consisting of a BEV (battery electric vehicle) and one or two identical vehicles with ICE (internal combustion engine). The first part of this study covers acoustic measures of the vehicles, and research was conducted both at a dedicated vehicle measurement site and at the test location. Second part covers sound perceptions and safety estimations via experimental design and questionnaires. In the third part the results are discussed with blind and visually impaired people. The main finding is that there exist problems of perception for certain quiet electric vehicles, even for speeds of 30 to 40 km/h and different weather conditions, because those cars are too quiet to be heard by pedestrians. A solution could be a natural ICEsound or a kind of intelligent warning system.
description: UNIKATE: Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre, no. 39Ingenieurwissenschaften: Herausforderung Elektromobilität, p. 52
The spruce beetle and climate change : ecological implications for forest management and responses for forest managers in Western Canada
Creators: name: Wahn, Eric
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Over the past two decades, unprecedented spruce beetle outbreaks have been observed throughout cordilleran North America. In contrast to historic spruce beetle outbreaks, recent outbreaks have not stemmed from clear, stand-level abiotic disturbance events, and instead, have been attributed to the progressive onset of climate change. With the continued influence of climate change, spruce beetle outbreak probabilities are expected to increase throughout the 21st century. To provide insight for forest managers, this report summarizes the effect of climate change on spruce beetle ecology, population dynamics, and disturbance regimes. It also addresses the ecological forest management implications of altered spruce beetle disturbance regimes, and provides potential management responses for those managing spruce forests in a changing climate. Spruce beetle disturbance is influenced both directly and indirectly by climate through changes in developmental timing, temperature-mediated population mortality, host-tree resistance, and trophic-level interactions. Spruce beetle outbreaks alter a suite of ecological forest values, and increased disturbance stands to fundamentally change the scope of these values in spruce-prevalent landscapes. Spruce beetle disturbance can influence stand structure and succession, wildfire, hydrology and aquatic ecosystems, wildlife, and forest carbon dynamics. Direct and indirect control treatments used in conjunction with current forest inventories, effective spruce beetle monitoring programs, and strategic access development, provide forest managers with effective means to respond to increased spruce beetle disturbance within an integrated management framework. These treatments, however, are limited by economic, operational, and policy-driven constraints. Additionally, there are a number of harvesting considerations for spruce beetle that forest managers can incorporate into harvest planning.
Low-energy enhancement of the magnetic dipole radiation in odd-mass lanthanides
Creators: name: DeMartini, D.
name: Alhassid, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the magnetic dipole (M1) $γ$-ray strength functions ($γ$SF) for the odd-mass lanthanides $^{143-151}$Nd and $^{147-153}$Sm using the shell-model Monte Carlo method in combination with the static-path approximation and the maximum-entropy method. In particular, we quantify the statistical uncertainties in the calculated M1 $γ$SFs and show that they are under control for the excitation energies relevant to the experiments despite a Monte Carlo sign problem that originates in the projection onto an odd number of neutrons. We identify a low-energy enhancement (LEE) in the M1 $γ$SFs of these odd-mass lanthanides, which was recently observed experimentally in some of them. We also find a scissors mode resonance (SR) in the strongly deformed isotopes. We observe that the decrease in the LEE strength with neutron number along an isotopic chain is compensated for by an increase in the SR strength in the deformed nuclei. We compare our results with recent experiments.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
title: Elektromobilität braucht intelligente Navigation: Mobilitätskonzepte der Zukunft
Creators: name: Ziegler, Jürgen
name: Münter, Daniel
name: Hussein, Tim
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 004
subject: 380

description: Dieser Beitrag beschreibt Konzepte und technische Ansätze, die den Übergang vom Navigationssystem zum Mobilitätsassistenten unterstützen. Eine wesentliche Rolle spielen dabei die Verknüpfung und Integration von Services mit kartographischen Daten sowie die semantische Beschreibung und Integration der relevanten Informationsbestände und Dienste.
description: In-car navigation systems are increasingly evolving into powerful mobility assistants which, in addition to conventional functions such as routing and providing directions, can offer the driver manifold information resources and services. Because of this, they will also become an important supportive technology for making mobility with electric vehicles more effective and acceptable. More intelligent methods of trip planning and routing will be required for e-cars due to the current constraints concerning charging time and availability of charging stations. Moreover, by flexibly integrating different information resources and services available on the Internet, trips can be better aligned with the driver’s tasks and needs, opening up opportunities for new business models for service providers and merchants. Primary methods for integrating heterogeneous services in a smart mobility assistant are provided by Semantic Web technologies and standards. This article discusses the different requirements for a mobility assistant, describes the underlying technologies, and presents a prototypical system that was developed in the colognE-mobil project.
description: UNIKATE: Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre, no. 39Ingenieurwissenschaften: Herausforderung Elektromobilität, p. 62
Market Leadership in Multistage Games With Sequences of Technological Races
Creators: name: Delbono, Flavio
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1986
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: Most of the existing literature on the relationshipbetween market structure and technological competition may be classified according to the way in which the following features are modelled: (i) type of R&D competition; (ii) number of types of players; (iii) number of stages of the game.
title: Kooperation in der Region: Die verwaltungswissenschaftliche Perspektive
Creators: name: Brandenstein, Frederik
name: Grunow, Dieter
name: Keivandarian, Armin
name: Lanfer, Jens
name: Strüngmann, Daniela
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 943

description: Im Gegensatz zu anderen Ballungsgebieten vergleichbarer Größe in Europa zeichnet sich das Ruhrgebiet durch eine ungewöhnliche multizentrische Struktur aus. Integriertes regionales Handeln zwischen den Städten und Gemeinden und ihren Verwaltungen wird so zu einem voraussetzungsvollen Unterfangen lokaler Governance. Damit sie gelingt sind Vertrauensbildungsprozesse notwendig, für die erfolgversprechende Ansätze in der Region erkennbar sind. Am Beispiel der Klimafolgenpolitik zeigt sich außerdem, dass die politikund verwaltungswissenschaftliche Begleitung kooperative Policies unterstützen kann. Ein bewusster Umgang mit einer sich ausdifferenzierenden Bevölkerung, wie er unter dem Schlagwort Diversity Management diskutiert wird, sichert dabei die Legitimation und Akzeptanz politischer Programme und Verwaltungsentscheidungen.
description: In contrast with urban areas of comparable size elsewhere in Europe, the Ruhr area is marked by its uncommon polycentric structure. Conjoint regional action therefore becomes a demanding task of local governance. For it to succeed, confidence building processes are required. Promising beginnings can be identified. Moreover, consultancy by political science or public administration scholars has been shown to have been supportive of cooperative politics, for example in the case of climate adaptation policies. The legitimacy of these policies and related administrative decisions is safeguarded by maintaining awareness of a diverse citizenry, as discussed in terms of Diversity Management.
description: UNIKATE: Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre, no. 38Geistes-/Gesellschaftswissenschaften: Beiträge zur "Ruhr 2010", p. 28
Potentially preventable trauma deaths: A retrospective review
Creators: name: Beck, Ben
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: Background Reviewing prehospital trauma deaths provides an opportunity to identify system improvements that may reduce trauma mortality. The objective of this study was to identify the number and rate of potentially preventable trauma deaths through expert panel reviews of prehospital and early in-hospital trauma deaths. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of prehospital and early in-hospital (<24 h) trauma deaths following a traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest that were attended by Ambulance Victoria (AV) in the state of Victoria, Australia, between 2008 and 2014. Expert panels were used to review cases that had resuscitation attempted by paramedics and underwent a full autopsy. Patients with a mechanism of hanging, drowning or those with anatomical injuries deemed to be unsurvivable were excluded. Results Of the 1183 cases that underwent full autopsies, resuscitation was attempted by paramedics in 336 (28%) cases. Of these, 113 cases (34%) were deemed to have potentially survivable injuries and underwent expert panel review. There were 90 (80%) deaths that were not preventable, 19 (17%) potentially preventable deaths and 4 (3%) preventable deaths. Potentially preventable or preventable deaths represented 20% of those cases that underwent review and 7% of cases that had attempted resuscitation. Conclusions The number of potentially preventable or preventable trauma deaths in the pre-hospital and early in-hospital resuscitation phase was low. Specific circumstances were identified in which the trauma system could be further improved.
title: Das Ruhrgebiet im Klimawandel: Bestandsaufnahme und Prognose
Creators: name: Kuttler, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 333.7

description: Der globale Klimawandel ist in aller Munde. Doch wie wirkt er sich auf das Ruhrgebiet aus? Der durch den weltweiten Treibhauseffekt verursachte Temperaturanstieg im Ruhrgebiet wird zu einer Vielzahl klimatischer Veränderungen führen, die im Wesentlichen in einer Verstärkung der thermischen Belastung für die Stadtbevölkerung gesehen werden, so prognistiziert Wilhelm Kuttler in diesem Beitrag. Außerdem geht er auf Möglichkeiten der Anpassung des städtischen Lebens an das veränderte Klima ein.
description: The results of numeric simulation indicate that global climate change will lead to an average rise of about 2 degrees in ambient temperature in the Ruhr area by the end of the century. This increase will have many consequences, including an intensification of the urban heat island effect as a result of an increase in the prevalence of clear, low-wind weather conditions. This will lead not only to greater thermal stress for the population but also to a change in air pollutant concentrations. Among these pollutants, ozone is of special interest, as the ozone concentration will increase with rising temperatures. Preventative urban planning measures should be taken to counteract increased thermal stress and ozone concentrations. These measures include various possibilities, such as the creation of green areas on buildings and parks in cities, reducing energy consumption by more economical use and more efficient thermal insulation and, as a general principle, the provision of reversible shading which would provide the required protection against solar radiation in the summer but would not present an obstacle to solar radiation in the winter.
description: UNIKATE: Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre, no. 38Geistes-/Gesellschaftswissenschaften: Beiträge zur "Ruhr 2010", p. 40
title: Stauforschung und Elektromobilität: Wie wird sich der Verkehr auf unseren Straßen durch Elektromobile verändern?
Creators: name: Schreckenberg, Michael
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 530
subject: 510
subject: 380

description: Der Stauforscher und Physiker Michael Schreckenberg diskutiert in seinem Artikel die Auswirkungen, die Elektroautos auf den Verkehr haben. Anhand verschiedener mathematischer und physikalischer Methoden erläutert er die verhältnismäßig junge Disziplin der Verkehrsforschung.
description: Traffic research is a quite young scientific discipline. One of the main goals is the understanding of traffic dynamics and the occurrence of the “jam out of the blue”. Today it is possible to model and simulate the movement of thousands of cars in large traffic networks very accurately and, on this basis, to make traffic forecasts for one hour or even several days. The main input for the calculations comes from the measurements of 4,500 inductive loops on the highway network of North-Rhine Westphalia. These data are stored for more than ten years in order to establish a historical database. Electric vehicles pose a new challenge to traffic management and traffic forecasts. The behaviour of the users has to be directly connected to the abilities of the vehicles. Planning of routes has to be more careful and take into account the distance it is possible to travel before the vehicles need to be recharged. Up to now only a few electric vehicles are on the roads. Therefore one can only look into the future with simulations.
description: UNIKATE: Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre, no. 39Ingenieurwissenschaften: Herausforderung Elektromobilität, p. 72
How much space do drivers provide when passing cyclists? Understanding the impact of motor vehicle and infrastructure characteristics on passing distance
Creators: name: Beck, Ben
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: Background: Understanding factors that influence the distance that drivers provide when passing cyclists is critical to reducing subjective risk and improving cycling participation. This study aimed to quantify passing distance and assess the impact of motor vehicle and road infrastructure characteristics on passing distance. Methods: An on-road observational study was conducted in Victoria, Australia. Participants had a custom device installed on their bicycle and rode as per their usual cycling for one to two weeks. A hierarchical linear model was used to investigate the relationship between motor vehicle and infrastructure characteristics (location, presence of on-road marked bicycle lane and the presence of parked cars on the kerbside) and passing distance (defined as the lateral distance between the end of the bicycle handlebars and the passing motor vehicle). Results: Sixty cyclists recorded 18,527 passing events over 422 trips. The median passing distance was 173 cm (Q1: 137 cm, Q3: 224 cm) and 1085 (5.9%) passing events were less than 100 cm. Relative to sedans, 4WDs had a reduced mean passing distance of 15 cm (Q1: 12 cm, Q3: 17 cm) and buses had a reduced mean passing distance of 28 cm (Q1: 16 cm, Q3: 40 cm). Relative to passing events that occurred on roads without a marked bicycle lane and without parked cars, passing events on roads with a bike lane with no parked cars had a reduced mean passing distance of 27 cm (Q1: 25 cm, Q3: 29 cm), and passing events on roads with a bike lane and parked cars had a mean lower passing distance of 40 cm (Q1: 37 cm, Q3: 43 cm). Conclusions: One in every 17 passing events was a close (<100 cm) passing event. We identified that on-road bicycle lanes and parked cars reduced passing distance. These data can be used to inform the selection and design of cycling-related infrastructure and road use with the aim of improving safety for cyclists.
Legge finanziaria 1986: le "Disposizioni in materia socio sanitaria"
Creators: name: Giannini, Silvia
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1986
Subjects: SECS-P/03 Scienza delle finanze

description: La legge finanziaria per il 1986 interviene estesamente in materia di finanziamento del Servizio sanitario nazionale (gli articoli sono 5, suddivisi in 32 commi, nel testo approvato dal parlamento ed erano 8, suddivisi in 43 commi, nel testo presentato al Governo).
FilterTS: Comprehensive Frequency Filtering for Multivariate Time Series Forecasting
Creators: name: Wang, Yulong
name: Liu, Yushuo
name: Duan, Xiaoyi
name: Wang, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multivariate time series forecasting is crucial across various industries, where accurate extraction of complex periodic and trend components can significantly enhance prediction performance. However, existing models often struggle to capture these intricate patterns. To address these challenges, we propose FilterTS, a novel forecasting model that utilizes specialized filtering techniques based on the frequency domain. FilterTS introduces a Dynamic Cross-Variable Filtering Module, a key innovation that dynamically leverages other variables as filters to extract and reinforce shared variable frequency components across variables in multivariate time series. Additionally, a Static Global Filtering Module captures stable frequency components, identified throughout the entire training set. Moreover, the model is built in the frequency domain, converting time-domain convolutions into frequency-domain multiplicative operations to enhance computational efficiency. Extensive experimental results on eight real-world datasets have demonstrated that FilterTS significantly outperforms existing methods in terms of prediction accuracy and computational efficiency.
description: Accepted to AAAI 2025
A Game-Theoretic Analysis of Welfare Maximizing Oligopolist
Creators: name: De Fraja, Giovanni
name: Delbono, Flavio
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1986
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: This paper deals with the optimal behaviour of a single public firm in an oligopolistic market where there are also n private firms. The public firm aims at maximizing a social welfare function depending on producers' and consumers' surplus. In section 3 it is shown that there exists an optimal strategy for the public firm when it is Stackelberg leader. When, instead, the public firm has no move advantage and the game follows Cournot-Nash rules, we show that the outcome is generically Pareto-inefficient. These two regimes are then compared with two extreme cases: a nationalized industry and a pure oligopoly (all firms maximize profit) in the example provided in section 5, where the equilibria considered in the previous sections are fully characterized. Amongst other results, one seems rather paradoxical: when the number of firms is sufficiently large, the optimal strategy of a welfare maximizing firm is to act as if it wanted to maximize its profit.
The use of p-MDI resin in MDF manufacture
Creators: name: Tan, Rynehvee
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Traditional manufacture of medium density fibreboard (MDF) involves the use of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin as binder. After much study, formaldehyde emissions from this resin are found to cause negative health effects, that is, cancer, for humans and animals. Because of this, the Composite Panel Association recently published new lower limit on formaldehyde emissions, which made the use of UF resin costly from increasing the scavengers that minimize formaldehyde emissions from finished boards. MDF mills are now facing increased competitive pressure in keeping their emissions below the CARB Phase 2 limit and since then, different formaldehyde-free resins, may it be organic or synthetic, have been tried in place of UF resin. The use of polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (p-MDI) as binder for wood composite panels is not new. It is widely known as a binder for oriented strand board (OSB). MDF mills in Europe and North America are now converting their systems to use p-MDI to alleviate pressure from the new emission limit. p-MDI has a lot of benefits in the production process, and even though it is more expensive, its benefits have proven to outweigh the cost. Improvements on the product such as high internal bond strength, better MOE and MOR, additional moisture resistance, and less formaldehyde testing and monitoring are just some of the advantages in using p-MDI. This report concludes that despite these advantages, it is still important to understand how the resin reacts and cures when integrating this resin into a production process. It is necessary to have a gradual transition through multiple trials and document press settings and process modifications that produce on-spec MDF boards. When this is understood, the addition of catalyst and other additives that will improve the process can then be experimented on.
title: Individuell abgestimmter Fahrsimulator: Mit dem Elektroauto virtuell unterwegs
Creators: name: Schramm, Dieter
name: Hiesgen, Gregor
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 620
subject: 380

description: In diesem Beitrag werden der Fahrsimulator des Lehrstuhls für Mechatronik der Universität Duisburg-Essen sowie das Entwicklungswerkzeug DRIVASSIST (Driver Assistance Evaluation Tool) vorgestellt. Virtuelle Testfahrten erlauben die unmittelbare Einbeziehung des Fahrers. Dies gestattet ohne zusätzlich finanziellen und zeitlichen Aufwand Rückschlüsse auf die Kundenakzeptanz. Realisiert wird dies durch ein Fahrsimulatorkonzept, bei dem realitätsgetreue Fahrstreckenmodelle dargestellt und in Probandenstudien dem Fahrer in einer virtuellen Fahrumgebung (Virtual Reality) präsentiert werden.
description: The growth of hybrid and batterypowered electric vehicles requires new development strategies. The changes in the drive train and energy storage systems have an important impact on the automobile. The main changes can be found in reduced cruising range, new engine characteristics, reduced sound emissions, new charging infrastructure and times, driver information systems, as well as new design procedures for innovative interior concepts. From the customer point of view, new technologies often give rise to suspicion. Thus, it becomes important to integrate the driver in the early development process to obtain subjective feedback in terms of functionality and driver acceptance. In this article, a modular and flexible architecture for the development of automotive systems is presented. The central component is a driving simulator architecture, which allows the simulation of different electric or semi-electric vehicles in real time. This real time capability allows the integration of the driver as well as real technical components like the battery system (hardware in the loop) in the simulation. This facilitates driving a virtual electric vehicle with the real target propulsion system. From the results, optimizations of the system can be carried out with respect to human perception. Two virtual test tracks, one highway section between the campus of the University of Duisburg-Essen and an urban route in Cologne, are designed in the simulator. Therefore, data from Google and NASA satellite images are processed to generate the virtual reality for the simulator. The results in terms of energy consumption, which results from the virtual test drives, can be compared to standard drive cycles. Furthermore, the impact of new driver information systems and the characteristics of the electrified drive train on the human driver can be studied.
description: UNIKATE: Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre, no. 39Ingenieurwissenschaften: Herausforderung Elektromobilität, p. 82
Strategie di finanziamento delle imprese, decisioni di risparmio e ruolo del istema tributario
Creators: name: Giannini, Silvia
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1986
Subjects: SECS-P/03 Scienza delle finanze

description: Negli anni più recenti si è assistito, in tutti i paesi industrializzati, ad un rinnovato interesse per le politiche pubbliche indirizzate ad incentivare l'accumulazione di capitale da parte delle imprese.
Ziber on Ricrdo: A Note
Creators: name: Scazzieri, Roberto
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1986
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: Ziber is probably one of the outstanding figures in the development of classical political economy after Ricardo. His work as an economic theorist is founded on the search for the "first principles" giving unity and coherence to Ricardo's discoveries.
title: Ein Großprojekt zur Elektromobilität: „colognE-mobil“
Creators: name: Mietzel, Thorsten
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 380

description: Seit Januar 2010 läuft das Projekt „colognE-mobil“ und wird von Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern der Universität Duisburg-Essen begleitet. Zusammen mit dem Automobilhersteller Ford, dem Energieversorgungsunternehmen RheinEnergie und der Stadt Köln will man möglichst alle Aspekte der Elektromobilität untersuchen. Gefördert wird das Projekt vom Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung für die „Modellregion Elektromobilität Rhein-Ruhr“.
description: Almost 20 years ago, German car manufacturers embarked on a large partly public funded experiment on the isle of Rügen to test electric vehicles. The results were rather sobering, mostly because the CO2 emissions were higher than those of comparable vehicles with conventional engines. Today there is a new hype for battery-powered electric vehicles, and due to a changed energy mix and continuously rising energy costs, it is likely that almost all car manufacturers will start series production within the next few years. In Germany, the Federal Ministry of Transport building and urban development department is investing 130 million Euros in eight sample regions in Germany to test and demonstrate all aspects of electric mobility. Their aim is to develop and test not only the electric cars, but also the required infrastructure. The University of Duisburg-Essen has joined with the car manufacturer Ford, the energy provider RheinEnergy and the city of Cologne for the project colognEmobil. The University is responsible for evaluation within the research project and for setting up simulation tools to extrapolate the results.
description: UNIKATE: Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre, no. 39Ingenieurwissenschaften: Herausforderung Elektromobilität, p. 94
Nuova concorrenza dinamica e potere di mercato
Creators: name: Bianchi, Patrizio
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1985
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: Questo contributo si propone di riflettere sulle modificazioni delle forme di mercato, connesse alle ristrutturazioni avviate negli ultimi anni, nella duplice avvertenza che il potere di mercato di una impresa - il power of exchanging di Smith - risulta dal rapporto dinamico tra organizzazione della produzione ed effettiva estensione del mercato in cui l'impresa sceglie di operare e che d'altra parte non esiste un rapporto deterministico tra struttura settoriale e strategia dell'impresa.
title: Pot(t)pourri der Religionen: Chance für Religionsunterricht und interreligiöses Lernen im Ruhrgebiet
Creators: name: Knauth, Thorsten
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 200

description: Das Ruhrgebiet, immer schon als Schmelztiegel der Kulturen bekannt, bietet die Chance, eine Vorreiterfunktion zu übernehmen, Modelle religiöser Bildung in der Schule zu entwickeln, durch die interreligiöses Lernen, Begegnung und Dialog gefördert werden. Eine These dieses Beitrags ist, dass angesichts des Spannungsfeldes von religiöser Pluralisierung religiöser Bildung in der Schule die wichtige Aufgabe zuwächst, zukünftige Haltungen und Modelle eines toleranten und anerkennenden Umgangs mit religiöser und kultureller Verschiedenheit einzuüben.
description: The area between the Rhine and the Ruhr; the Ruhrgebiet, can be also called a (melting pot) potpourri of religions. It is shaped by widespread religious diversity which is also evident in the schools of the area. Religious Education (R.E.) is challenged to respond to this diversity by developing adequate models of mutual understanding and encounter and inter-religious dialogue. The issue at stake, however, is how established forms of confessional R.E. in school can open up for inter-religious learning and dialogue. In this article, the author argues that there is already a process of transition taking place within R.E. in North-Rhine Westphalia, replacing confessional R.E. with new forms of teaching religion in classes with religiously heterogeneous groups. Empirical evidence is given which shows that students are in favour of R.E. dealing with different religions. As a conclusion, modes of fostering inter-religious education must be developed by research and contextrelated processes of school development.
description: UNIKATE: Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre, no. 38Geistes-/Gesellschaftswissenschaften: Beiträge zur "Ruhr 2010", p. 52
Identify the key characteristics of pedestrian collisions through in-depth interviews: a pilot study
Creators: name: Beck, Ben
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of recruiting injured pedestrians from the emergency department of a major trauma centre, using an in-depth interview shortly post collision. Convenience sampling was used to prospectively recruit injured pedestrians from the Alfred Hospital Emergency and Trauma Centre. Of the 102 injured pedestrians, 39 met eligibility criteria and of these, 30 (77%) consented and completed the questionnaire. Over half of the collisions occurred at an intersection (57%), and of these the most common pre-impact vehicle manoeuvre was a vehicle turning into the street the pedestrian was crossing. In-depth interview during the early post-crash period was a feasible and effective method of collecting detailed data in an accessible sample. However, only 38% of patients met eligibility criteria. To enhance representativeness, supplementing interview data with police-reported crash data, recruiting from hospital wards and crash location assessment is recommended.