cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
New luminous blue variable candidates in the NGC 247 galaxy
Creators: name: Solovyeva, Y.
name: Vinokurov, A.
name: Sarkisyan, A.
name: Atapin, K.
name: Fabrika, S.
name: Valeev, A. F.
name: Kniazev, A.
name: Sholukhova, O.
name: Maslennikova, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We search for LBV stars in galaxies outside the Local Group. Here we present a study of two bright $Hα$ sources in the NGC 247 galaxy. Object j004703.27-204708.4 ($M_V=-9.08 \pm 0.15^m$) shows the spectral lines typical for well-studied LBV stars: broad and bright emission lines of hydrogen and helium He I with P Cyg profiles, emission lines of iron Fe II, silicon Si II, nitrogen N II and carbon C II, forbidden iron [Fe II] and nitrogen [N II] lines. The variability of the object is $ΔB = 0.74\pm0.09^m$ and $ΔV = 0.88\pm0.09^m$, which makes it reliable LBV candidate. The star j004702.18-204739.93 ($M_V=-9.66 \pm 0.23^m$) shows many emission lines of iron Fe II, forbidden iron lines [Fe II], bright hydrogen lines with broad wings, and also forbidden lines of oxygen [O I] and calcium [Ca II] formed in the circumstellar matter. The study of the light curve of this star also did not reveal significant variations in brightness ($ΔV = 0.29\pm0.09^m$). We obtained estimates of interstellar absorption, the photosphere temperature, as well as bolometric magnitudes $M_\text{bol}=-10.5^{+0.5}_{-0.4}$ and $M_\text{bol}=-10.8^{+0.5}_{-0.6}$, which corresponds to bolometric luminosities $\log(L_\text{bol}/L_{\odot})=6.11^{+0.20}_{-0.16}$ and $6.24^{+0.20}_{-0.25}$ for j004703.27-204708.4 and j004702.18-204739.93 respectively. Thus, the object j004703.27-204708.4 remains a reliable LBV candidate, while the object j004702.18-204739.93 can be classified as B[e]-supergiant.
description: Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Main Journal 2020 July 15
Melting of icosahedral gold nanoclusters from molecular dynamics simulations
Creators: name: Wang, Yanting
name: Teitel, S.
name: Dellago, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular dynamics simulations show that gold clusters with about 600--3000 atoms crystallize into a Mackay icosahedron upon cooling from the liquid. A detailed surface analysis shows that the facets on the surface of the Mackay icosahedral gold clusters soften but do not premelt below the bulk melting temperature. This softening is found to be due to the increasing mobility of vertex and edge atoms with temperature, which leads to inter-layer and intra-layer diffusion, and a shrinkage of the average facet size, so that the average shape of the cluster is nearly spherical at melting.
description: 40 pages, 27 figures
Additional file 2 of Complete genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 strains: A pilot survey in Palestine reveals spike mutation H245N
Creators: name: Al-Jawabreh, Amer
name: Ereqat, Suheir
name: Dumaidi, Kamal
name: Al-Jawabreh, Hanan
name: Nasereddin, Abedelmajeed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. (A) Global geographical distribution of the spike mutation H245N (Map made with Khartis, a free online map source: https://www.sciencespo.fr/cartographie/khartis/en/ ) (B) Regional distribution of the same mutation in the Middle East. The mutation is restricted to Palestinian and Israeli patients. Red location icon indicates the first reported mutation, blue icons indicate the mutations thereafter, while the green icon indicates the most recent reporting of the mutation. The number in the location icon represents the number of mutations in the specific region.
Particle productions and anisotropic flows from the AMPT model for Cu+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV
Creators: name: He, Yuncun
name: Lin, Zi-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the string melting version of a multi-phase transport (AMPT) model to study Cu+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV. The rapidity distributions of identified hadrons show asymmetric dependences on rapidity. In addition, elliptic and triangular flows at mid-rapidity from the AMPT model for pions, kaons, and protons agree reasonably with the experimental data up to $p_{T}\sim1$ GeV$/c$. We then investigate the forward/backward asymmetry of $v_2$ and $v_3$. We find that these anisotropic flows are larger on the Au-going side than the Cu-going side, while the asymmetry tends to go away in very peripheral collisions. We also make predictions on transverse momentum spectra of identified hadrons and longitudinal decorrelations of charged particles, where the average decorrelation of elliptic flow in asymmetric Cu+Au collisions is found to be stronger than that in Au+Au collisions.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
The Economics of Generating and Maintaining Plant Variety Rights in China
Creators: name: Koo, Bonwoo
name: Pardey, Philip G.
name: Qian, Keming
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Koo, Bonwoo
name: Pardey, Philip G.
name: Qian, Keming
name: Zhang, Yi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: intellectual property rights
subject: crop improvement
subject: option value
subject: seed markets

description: Notwithstanding the ambiguous research and productivity promoting effects of plant variety protections (PVPs), even in developed countries, many developing countries have adopted PVPs in the past few years to comply with their Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) obligations. Seeking and maintaining PVPs reserves options to an expected revenue stream from the future sale of protected varieties, the value of which varies for a host of reasons. In this paper we empirically examine the pattern of plant variety protection applications in China since its PVP laws were first introduced in 1997. We place those PVP rights in the context of China’s present and likely future seed markets to identify the economic incentives and institutional aspects that influence decisions to develop and apply for varietal rights.
Strong and weak (1, 2, 3) homotopies on knot projections
Creators: name: Ito, Noboru
name: Takimura, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A knot projection is an image of a generic immersion from a circle into a two-dimensional sphere. We can find homotopies between any two knot projections by local replacements of knot projections of three types, called Reidemeister moves. This paper defines an equivalence relation for knot projections called weak (1, 2, 3) homotopy, which consists of Reidemeister moves of type 1, weak type 2, and weak type 3. This paper defines the first non-trivial invariant under weak (1, 2, 3) homotopy. We use this invariant to show that there exist an infinite number of weak (1, 2, 3) homotopy equivalence classes of knot projections. By contrast, all equivalence classes of knot projections consisting of the other variants of a triple type, i.e., Reidemeister moves of (1, strong type 2, strong type 3), (1, weak type 2, strong type 3), and (1, strong type 2, weak type 3), are contractible.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
The Noncommutative Geometry of the Landau Hamiltonian: Metric Aspects
Creators: name: De Nittis, Giuseppe
name: Sandoval, Maximiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81R60, 58B34, 81R15, 81V70

description: This work provides a first step towards the construction of a noncommutative geometry for the quantum Hall effect in the continuum. Taking inspiration from the ideas developed by Bellissard during the 80's we build a spectral triple for the $C^*$-algebra of continuous magnetic operators based on a Dirac operator with compact resolvent. The metric aspects of this spectral triple are studied, and an important piece of Bellissard's theory (the so-called first Connes' formula) is proved.
description: Keywords: Landau Hamiltonian; spectral triple; Dixmier trace; first Connes' formula
Access Issues for Plant Breeders in an Increasingly Privatized World
Creators: name: Lindner, Robert K.
name: Lindner, Robert K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Privatisation
subject: plant breeding
subject: access
subject: enabling technologies
subject: competition policy
subject: excludable public goods.

description: There is a growing trend to widespread privatisation of crop breeding, and there are grounds for expecting this trend to continue and even to accelerate. Possible consequences for Australian grain growers and the national interest of much greater private sector involvement in plant breeding are explored. Growing privatisation and commercialisation of plant breeding will lead to increased competition between plant breeders. While this increased competition has been at least partly driven by the potential for value creation, it also is likely to enhance value creation from plant breeding so long as there is adequate continuing investment in the capacity for plant breeding, and more particularly in productivity enhancing enabling technology. In the event of monopoly provision of such enabling technology, an important policy issue will be access to what might be termed essential plant breeding infrastructure. For any access regime to essential infrastructure, the core issue is to select terms and conditions for access that promote full and efficient competition in upstream and downstream markets (e.g. plant breeding) while preserving the incentive for adequate levels of investment in the ongoing development, maintenance, and provision of such essential infrastructure. A key, perhaps pivotal issue will be pricing policy and practice. Because EPBI has the public good characteristic of being non-rival in use, price discovery by market processes can not be expected to produce the desired outcome. Moreover, even if an access regime mandated that EPBI be made available to all plant breeders at a uniform price, the imbalance in market power between the monopoly provider of EPBI and plant breeders seeking access would almost inevitably result in both under-production of EPBI, and in under-utilisation of any produced EPBI due to price rationing. Such outcomes would severely undermine the competitive position of Australian grain growers in international markets. Results from the literature on what are called excludable public goods are used to analyse the impact on the incentive for adequate investment in EPBI under an access regime mandating uniform pricing.
Contamination in the MACHO dataset and the puzzle of LMC Microlensing
Creators: name: Griest, Kim
name: Thomas, Christian L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent series of three papers, Belokurov, Evans, and Le Du, and Evans and Belokurov, reanalysed the MACHO collaboration data and gave alternative sets of microlensing events and an alternative optical depth to microlensing toward the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Even though they examined less than 0.2% of the data they claimed that by using a neural net program they had reliably selected a better (and smaller) set of microlensing candidates. Estimating the optical depth from this smaller set, they claim that the MACHO collaboration overestimated the optical depth by a significant factor and that the MACHO microlensing experiment is consistent with lensing by known stars in the Milky Way and LMC. As we show below, the analysis by these authors contains several errors which render their conclusions meaningless. Their efficiency analysis is clearly in error, and since they did not search through the entire MACHO dataset, they do not know how many microlensing events their neural net would find in the data or what optical depth their method would give. Examination of their selected events suggests that their method misses low S/N events and thus would have lower efficiency than the MACHO selection criteria. In addition, their method is likely to give many more false positives (non-lensing events identified as lensing). Both effects would increase their estimated optical depth. Finally, we note that the EROS discovery that LMC event-23 is a variable star reduces the MACHO collaboration estimates of optical depth and Macho halo fraction by around 8%, and does open the question of additional contamination.
description: 5 pages latex, 1 postscript figure, version accepted by MNRAS, revisions in phrasing and references
The WTO SPS Agreement in Action: Disputes over China’s Exports of Vegetables to Japan
Creators: name: Liu, Xiaohe
name: MacLaren, Donald
name: Xue, Guixia
name: Liu, Xiaohe
name: MacLaren, Donald
name: Xue, Guixia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: China
subject: Japan
subject: vegetables
subject: SPS Agreement

description: Since the mid-1990s, there have been three occasions on which Japan has impeded imports of vegetables from China. On each occasion the instruments used by Japan and the response by China have been different. One the first two occasions, China was not a member of the WTO but now that she is, the scope for Japan to constrain imports by a VER has been removed. The most recent dispute concerns chemical residues in spinach which exceed Japan’s maximum permitted levels but not those of the EU and the U.S. In this paper we explore the workings of the SPS Agreement using these trade disputes as an example.
Supplementary Information
Creators: name: Tetzner, Kornelius
name: Thies, Andreas
name: Brusaterra, Enrico
name: Külberg, Alexander
name: Paul, Pallabi
name: Ostermay, Ina
name: Würfl, Joachim
name: Hilt, Oliver
Publisher: name: AIP Publishing
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering

description: Supplementary Information
Effective information and the influence of an extension event on perceptions and adoption
Creators: name: Llewellyn, Rick S.
name: Lindner, Robert K.
name: Pannell, David J.
name: Powles, Stephen B.
name: Llewellyn, Rick S.
name: Lindner, Robert K.
name: Pannell, David J.
name: Powles, Stephen B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management

description: Perceptions are known to play an important role in the innovation adoption decision. Once influential perceptions have been identified, there is the potential for information to influence adoption by changing these perceptions. In this paper, the influence of an extension workshop targeting grain growers’ perceptions known to be associated with the adoption of integrated weed management and herbicide resistance management has been measured using regression analysis. Consistent with a Bayesian learning framework, the greatest influence on grower perceptions and intended adoption behaviour was observed where information could be delivered with a high degree of certainty and validity.
Additional file 3 of Complete genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 strains: A pilot survey in Palestine reveals spike mutation H245N
Creators: name: Al-Jawabreh, Amer
name: Ereqat, Suheir
name: Dumaidi, Kamal
name: Al-Jawabreh, Hanan
name: Nasereddin, Abedelmajeed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. The distribution of mutations in the 10 Palestinian isolates along the SARS-CoV-2 genome schematic display. Mutation in red brackets indicate uniqueness, while bold and under lined is the Palestinian Spike mutation H245N.
Inverse Design of a Graphene-Based Quantum Transducer via Neuroevolution
Creators: name: Ryczko, Kevin
name: Darancet, Pierre
name: Tamblyn, Isaac
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an inverse design framework based on artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms, and tight-binding calculations, capable to optimize the very large configuration space of nanoelectronic devices. Our non-linear optimization procedure operates on trial Hamiltonians through superoperators controlling growth policies of regions of distinct doping. We demonstrate that our algorithm optimizes the doping of graphene-based three-terminal devices for valleytronics applications, monotonously converging to synthesizable devices with high merit functions in a few thousand evaluations (out of $\simeq 2^{3800}$ possible configurations). The best-performing device allowed for a terminal-specific separation of valley currents with $\simeq 96$\% ($\simeq 94\%)$ $K$ ($K'$) valley purity. Importantly, the devices found through our non-linear optimization procedure have both higher merit function and higher robustness to defects than the ones obtained through geometry optimization.
Implications of Recent Australian Wheat Industry Developments for Domestic and Overseas Prices
Creators: name: Lobb, Alexandra E.
name: Fraser, Rob W.
name: Lobb, Alexandra E.
name: Fraser, Rob W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Privatisation
subject: Australian wheat industry
subject: pricing policies.

description: This study is motivated by the proposition that the objectives of the AWB Ltd have changed since semi-privatisation of the Australian Wheat Board under the Wheat Marketing Act, 1989. Conceptualising this change of objectives as a shift from revenue maximization to profit maximization, this study examines the impact of such a change on the pricing policies of a multi-market price-setting firm. More specifically, this paper investigates, using two hypothetical objective functions, a risk averse AWB’s price-setting behaviour in an “overseas” and a “domestic” market in response to recent wheat industry developments. In the analysis these developments manifest themselves as differing price elasticities, differing transport costs and uncertain demand functions, and their implications particularly for the prices paid by domestic consumers are explored.
The Cosmological Spinor
Creators: name: Achour, Jibril Ben
name: Livine, Etera R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We build upon previous investigation of the one-dimensional conformal symmetry of the Friedman-Lema\^ itre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmology of a free scalar field and make it explicit through a reformulation of the theory at the classical level in terms of a manifestly $\textrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})$-invariant action principle. The new tool is a canonical transformation of the cosmological phase space to write it in terms of a spinor, i.e. a pair of complex variables that transform under the fundamental representation of $\textrm{SU}(1,1)\sim\textrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})$. The resulting FLRW Hamiltonian constraint is simply quadratic in the spinor and FLRW cosmology is written as a Schrödinger-like action principle. Conformal transformations can then be written as proper-time dependent $\textrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})$ transformations. We conclude with possible generalizations of FLRW to arbitrary quadratic Hamiltonian and discuss the interpretation of the spinor as a gravitationally-dressed matter field or matter-dressed geometry observable.
description: 8 pages
Additional file 4 of Complete genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 strains: A pilot survey in Palestine reveals spike mutation H245N
Creators: name: Al-Jawabreh, Amer
name: Ereqat, Suheir
name: Dumaidi, Kamal
name: Al-Jawabreh, Hanan
name: Nasereddin, Abedelmajeed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4. Population genetic differentiation and gene flow indices between the three SARS-CoV-2 probable clusters.
Crustal structure of the northern Juan de Fuca plate
Creators: name: McClymont, Alastair F.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Anomalous crustal structure of the northern Juan de Fuca plate is revealed from wide-angle seismic and gravity modelling. A 2-D velocity model is produced for refraction line II of the 1980 Vancouver Island Seismic Project (VISP80). The refraction data were recorded on three ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) deployed at the ends and middle of a 110 km line oriented parallel to the deformation front of the Cascadia subduction zone and immediately south of the Nootka fault zone. The velocity model is constructed via ray tracing and conforms to travel time observations of direct, converted and reflected phases. Synthetic seismograms are produced from calculated first-arrival phases for comparison with the recorded seismogram sections. Travel time picks for turning ray phases with shot offsets of > 60 km indicate significantly different lower crustal and upper mantle velocity structure toward each end of the profile. The variation in travel times is modelled by a pronounced increase in igneous crustal thickness of the Juan de Fuca plate, from ~ 7 km at the southern part of the model to ~ 10 km at the northern part (a thickness increase of 43%). A complementary 2-D gravity model using the geometry of the velocity model and velocitydensity relationships characteristic of oceanic crust is produced. The densities required to match the gravity field indicate the presence of serpentinized peridotites rather than excess gabbroic crust. Anomalous travel time delays and unusual reflection characteristics observed from proximal seismic refraction and reflection experiments suggest a broader zone of serpentinized peridotites that coincides with the trace of a pseudofault. This correlation implies that the inferred partial serpentinization of the upper mantle may be a consequence of slow-spreading at the tip of a propagating rift.
On Idle Energy Consumption Minimization in Production: Industrial Example and Mathematical Model
Creators: name: Benedikt, Ondřej
name: Šůcha, Přemysl
name: Hanzálek, Zdeněk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper, inspired by a real production process of steel hardening, investigates a scheduling problem to minimize the idle energy consumption of machines. The energy minimization is achieved by switching a machine to some power-saving mode when it is idle. For the steel hardening process, the mode of the machine (i.e., furnace) can be associated with its inner temperature. Contrary to the recent methods, which consider only a small number of machine modes, the temperature in the furnace can be changed continuously, and so an infinite number of the power-saving modes must be considered to achieve the highest possible savings. To model the machine modes efficiently, we use the concept of the energy function, which was originally introduced in the domain of embedded systems but has yet to take roots in the domain of production research. The energy function is illustrated with several application examples from the literature. Afterward, it is integrated into a mathematical model of a scheduling problem with parallel identical machines and jobs characterized by release times, deadlines, and processing times. Numerical experiments show that the proposed model outperforms a reference model adapted from the literature.
description: Accepted to 9th International Conference on Operations Research and Enterprise Systems (ICORES 2020)
Crystalline Anisotropic Topological Superconductivity in Planar Josephson Junctions
Creators: name: Pakizer, Joseph D.
name: Scharf, Benedikt
name: Matos-Abiague, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the crystalline anisotropy of topological phase transitions in phase-controlled planar Josephson junctions (JJs) subject to spin-orbit coupling and in-plane magnetic fields. It is shown how topological superconductivity (TS) is affected by the interplay between the magnetic field and the orientation of the junction with respect to its crystallographic axes. This interplay can be used to electrically tune between different symmetry classes in a controlled fashion and thereby optimize the stability and localization of Majorana bound states in planar Josephson junctions. Our findings can be used as a guide for achieving the most favorable conditions when engineering TS in planar JJs and can be particularly relevant for setups containing non-collinear junctions which have been proposed for performing braiding operations on multiple Majorana pairs.
Additional file 2 of Interactive workshop to develop implementation framework (i-PARIHS) resources to support practice facilitation
Creators: name: Hunter, Sarah C.
name: Kim, Bo
name: Kitson, Alison L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2:. Visual representations—radar diagrams.
Additional file 3 of Interactive workshop to develop implementation framework (i-PARIHS) resources to support practice facilitation
Creators: name: Hunter, Sarah C.
name: Kim, Bo
name: Kitson, Alison L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3:. Paper-based survey.
Cross-Price Elasticities of Demand Across 114 Countries
Creators: name: Regmi, Anita
name: Seale, James L.
name: Regmi, Anita
name: Seale, James L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Cross-country demand analysis
subject: cross-price elasticities
subject: 1996 ICP data
subject: Florida Model
subject: Frisch elasticity
subject: complete demand analysis
subject: food demand

description: This report presents a simple methodology for calculating cross-price elasticities across countries, using the Frisch own-price elasticity. Cross-price elasticities are calculated for 9 major consumption categories from the 1996 International Comparison Program data across 114 countries. The consumption categories are: food, beverage, and tobacco; clothing and footwear; education; gross rent, fuel, and power; house furnishings and operations; medical care; recreation; transport and communications; and “other” items. Additionally, cross-price elasticities are calculated and reported for a two-good demand system of food and nonfood. The elasticity estimates from this report are the only available consistent cross-country cross-price elasticity estimates across such a large number of countries and consumption categories.
Dip in UHECR and Transition from Galactic to Extragalactic Cosmic Rays
Creators: name: Berezinsky, Veniamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dip is a feature in the diffuse spectrum of UHE protons in energy range $1\times 10^{18} - 4\times 10^{19}$ eV, which is caused by electron-positron pair production on CMB photons. Calculated for power-law generation spectrum with index $γ_g=2.7$, the shape of the dip is confirmed with high accuracy by data of Akeno - AGASA, HiRes, Yakutsk and Fly's Eye detectors. The predicted shape of the dip is robust: it is valid for the rectilinear and diffusive propagation, for different discretenesses in the source distribution, for local source overdensity and deficit, for source inhomogeneities on scale $\ell \lsim 100$ Mpc etc. Below the characteristic energy $E_c \approx 1\times 10^{18}$ eV the spectrum of the dip flattens for both diffusive and rectilinear propagation, and more steep galactic spectrum becomes dominant at $E < E_c$. The energy of transition $E_{\rm tr} < E_c$ approximately coincides with the position of the second knee $E_{2kn}$ observed in the cosmic ray spectrum. The critical energy $E_c$ is determined by the energy $E_{\rm eq} = 2.3\times 10^{18}$ eV, where adiabatic and pair-production energy losses are equal. Thus, position of the second knee is explained by proton energy losses on CMB photons.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, new section is added, a technical problem is fixed
Additional file 1 of Interactive workshop to develop implementation framework (i-PARIHS) resources to support practice facilitation
Creators: name: Hunter, Sarah C.
name: Kim, Bo
name: Kitson, Alison L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1:. Itemised instrument.
Deterministic Weak Localization in Periodic Structures
Creators: name: Tian, C.
name: Larkin, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The weak localization is found for perfect periodic structures exhibiting deterministic classical diffusion. In particular, the velocity autocorrelation function develops a universal quantum power law decay at 4 times Ehrenfest time, following the classical stretched-exponential type decay. Such deterministic weak localization is robust against weak enough randomness (e.g., quantum impurities). In the 1D and 2D cases, we argue that at the quantum limit states localized in the Bravis cell are turned into Bloch states by quantum tunnelling.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Unoriented Minimal Type 0 Strings
Creators: name: Carlisle, James E.
name: Johnson, Clifford V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define a family of string equations with perturbative expansions that admit an interpretation as an unoriented minimal string theory with background D-branes and R-R fluxes. The theory also has a well-defined non-perturbative sector and we expect it to have a continuum interpretation as an orientifold projection of the non-critical type~0A string for \hat{c}=0, the (2,4) model. There is a second perturbative region which is consistent with an interpretation in terms of background R-R fluxes. We identify a natural parameter in the formulation that we speculate may have an interpretation as characterizing the contribution of a new type of background D-brane. There is a non-perturbative map to a family of string equations which we expect to be the \hat{c}=0 type 0B string. The map exchanges D-branes and R-R fluxes. We present the general structure of the string equations for the (2,4k) type 0A models.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX
Additional file 1 of A predictive analytics model for differentiating between transient ischemic attacks (TIA) and its mimics
Creators: name: Stanciu, Alia
name: Banciu, Mihai
name: Alireza Sadighi
name: Marshall, Kyle A.
name: Holland, Neil R.
name: Abedi, Vida
name: Zand, Ramin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Clinical and imaging elements considered for TIA diagnosis.
Additional file 4 of Comparing data sources in estimating disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for ischemic heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a cross-sectional setting in Finland
Creators: name: Paalanen, Laura
name: Reinikainen, Jaakko
name: Härkänen, Tommi
name: Mattila, Tiina
name: Laatikainen, Tiina
name: Jousilahti, Pekka
name: Tolonen, Hanna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 4. Sensitivity analysis with upscaled prevalences and YLL, YLD and DALYs for COPD in Finland per 1000 population using administrative health register and self-reported survey data from the FINRISK 2012 survey. Description of data: Sensitivity analysis with upscaled prevalances for COPD
Making a market for Miscanthus: Can new contract designs solve the biofuel investment hold-up problem?
Creators: name: Wu, Steven Y.
name: Rosch, Stephanie D.
name: Alexander, Corinne E.
name: Tyner, Wallace E.
name: Yoder, Joshua
name: Wu, Steven Y.
name: Rosch, Stephanie D.
name: Alexander, Corinne E.
name: Tyner, Wallace E.
name: Yoder, Joshua
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Biofuels
subject: Miscanthus
subject: contract theory
subject: industrial organization
subject: renegotiation-proof contract

description: We present designs for optimal contracts to solve the investment hold-up problem for perennial crops for the biofuel industry. A fixed-price contract is ex-ante efficient but renegotiation-proof for a limited range of discount parameters. A perfectly- indexed contract is both renegotiation-proof and ex-post efficient. Provided long-run land prices are stationary, the expected cost for both contracts converges to the long-run expected price of land for a risk-neutral farmer.
Generalized entropies and corresponding holographic dark energy models
Creators: name: Moradpour, H.
name: Ziaie, A. H.
name: Zangeneh, M. Kord
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Tsallis statistics and its relation with Boltzmann entropy, the Tsallis entropy content of black holes is achieved, a result in full agreement with a recent study (Phys. Lett. B 794, 24 (2019)). In addition, employing Kaniadakis statistics and its relation with that of Tsallis, the Kaniadakis entropy of black holes is obtained. The Sharma-Mittal and Rényi entropy contents of black holes are also addressed by employing their relations with Tsallis entropy. Thereinafter, relying on the holographic dark energy hypothesis and the obtained entropies, two new holographic dark energy models are introduced and their implications on the dynamics of a flat FRW universe are studied when there is also a pressureless fluid in background. In our setup, the apparent horizon is considered as the IR cutoff, and there is not any mutual interaction between the cosmic fluids. The results indicate that the obtained cosmological models have $i$) notable powers to describe the cosmic evolution from the matter-dominated era to the current accelerating universe, and $ii$) suitable predictions for the universe age.
Additional file 1 of Ranchers or pastoralists? Farm size, specialisation and production strategy amongst cattle farmers in south-eastern Kazakhstan
Creators: name: Robinson, Sarah
name: Bozayeva, Zhanyl
name: Mukhamedova, Nozilakhon
name: Djanibekov, Nodir
name: Petrick, Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Materials
Additional file 1 of Comparing data sources in estimating disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for ischemic heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a cross-sectional setting in Finland
Creators: name: Paalanen, Laura
name: Reinikainen, Jaakko
name: Härkänen, Tommi
name: Mattila, Tiina
name: Laatikainen, Tiina
name: Jousilahti, Pekka
name: Tolonen, Hanna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. Deaths in ischemic heart disease (IHD) (ICD-10 codes I20–I25) and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) (ICD-10 codes J41–J44) in Finland in 2012 (January 1st to December 31st) by the underlying cause of death and the population of Finland (December 31st, 2012) and by 5-year age groups. Description of data: Deaths in ischemic heart disease and COPD for all age groups in Finland, 2012
On the comparison of LES data-driven reduced order approaches for hydroacoustic analysis
Creators: name: Gadalla, Mahmoud
name: Cianferra, Marta
name: Tezzele, Marco
name: Stabile, Giovanni
name: Mola, Andrea
name: Rozza, Gianluigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work, Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) methodologies are applied to hydroacoustic dataset computed using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) coupled with Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FWH) analogy. First, a low-dimensional description of the flow fields is presented with modal decomposition analysis. Sensitivity towards the DMD and POD bases truncation rank is discussed, and extensive dataset is provided to demonstrate the ability of both algorithms to reconstruct the flow fields with all the spatial and temporal frequencies necessary to support accurate noise evaluation. Results show that while DMD is capable to capture finer coherent structures in the wake region for the same amount of employed modes, reconstructed flow fields using POD exhibit smaller magnitudes of global spatiotemporal errors compared with DMD counterparts. Second, a separate set of DMD and POD modes generated using half the snapshots is employed into two data-driven reduced models respectively, based on DMD mid cast and POD with Interpolation (PODI). In that regard, results confirm that the predictive character of both reduced approaches on the flow fields is sufficiently accurate, with a relative superiority of PODI results over DMD ones. This infers that, discrepancies induced due to interpolation errors in PODI is relatively low compared with errors induced by integration and linear regression operations in DMD, for the present setup. Finally, a post processing analysis on the evaluation of FWH acoustic signals utilizing reduced fluid dynamic fields as input demonstrates that both DMD and PODI data-driven reduced models are efficient and sufficiently accurate in predicting acoustic noises.
Additional file 2 of Comparing data sources in estimating disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for ischemic heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a cross-sectional setting in Finland
Creators: name: Paalanen, Laura
name: Reinikainen, Jaakko
name: Härkänen, Tommi
name: Mattila, Tiina
name: Laatikainen, Tiina
name: Jousilahti, Pekka
name: Tolonen, Hanna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2. Prevalences and YLL, YLD and DALYs for IHD in Finland using administrative health register and self-reported survey data from the FINRISK 2012 survey for all data sources separately and for different combinations of data sources (3041 males, 3383 females). Description of data: YLL, YLD and DALYs for IHD in absolute figures and per 1000 population by data sources and including different combinations of data sources
POWDERY MILDEW RISK AND FORECASTING IN WINE GRAPES: DO GROWERS CHANGE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN RESPONSE TO DISEASE FORECASTS?
Creators: name: Lybbert, Travis J.
name: Magnan, Nicholas
name: Gubler, W. Douglas
name: Lybbert, Travis J.
name: Magnan, Nicholas
name: Gubler, W. Douglas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management

description: How and how well growers manage the risks inherent in agriculture has direct welfare implications for producers and consumers at both local and societal levels. While better weather, pest and disease forecast information are rapidly disseminating among producers and are often touted as promising inputs to production and risk management, little is known about how this new information actually shapes producer behavior in practice. We argue that better forecast information can benefit growers and improve their capacity to manage disease and pests effectively, but that we must jointly consider the various margins of adjustment available to growers in order to properly understand their response to this improved information. Using the case of California wine grape growers and high resolution panel data that includes plot-level powdery mildew treatments, we characterize growers’ response to a popular powdery mildew risk model that generates forecast in the form of a daily risk index (PMI). Our analysis suggests that growers using the PMI primarily adjust their choice of product in response to the PMI by switching to higher potency synthetic fungicides when the risk is high. Since these products have longer minimum intervals, this implies that – if anything – PMI users have longer intervals as the PMI increases. Our preliminary results also suggest that the net environmental impact of this documented multi-dimensional response to the PMI may actually be negative, although we emphasize that these are preliminary results. Futhermore, it is important to note that the magnitude of this effect is small compared to the general improvements in wine grape growers’ environmental impact over the past several years.
Investigating the functional relationship between video modeling and improved social language skills of a child with autism
Creators: name: Maione, Liana
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Identifying useful strategies for teaching children with autism to use social language with their peers is a challenge for professionals designing treatment programs. Previous research has documented that video modeling can be effective in teaching children with autism a variety of skills; however, the methods utilized have not demonstrated great success in teaching complex social language use with peers. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of video modeling for teaching a child with autism to use social language with a typical peer during play. Specifically, the study included the use of multiple response exemplars (i.e., multiple video vignettes as models) for promoting unscripted and generative social language with peers. The results provide suggestive evidence that experimental control was demonstrated using a multiple baseline design across three play activities. The video modeling intervention was effective in increasing social language in two of the three activities. Video feedback and prompting were required in the third activity in order for a stable rate of increased language to occur. The results are discussed with reference to previous research, future directions, and implications for practice.
High quality asynchronous heralded single photon source at telecom wavelength
Creators: name: Fasel, Sylvain
name: Alibart, Olivier
name: Beveratos, Alexios
name: Tanzilli, Sebastien
name: Zbinden, Hugo
name: Baldi, Pascal
name: Gisin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the experimental realization and characterization of an asynchronous heralded single photon source based on spontaneous parametric down conversion. Photons at 1550nm are heralded as being inside a single-mode fiber with more than 60% probability, and the multi-photon emission probability is reduced by up to a factor 600 compared to poissonian light sources. These figures of merit, together with the choice of telecom wavelength for the heralded photons are compatible with practical applications needing very efficient and robust single photon sources.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Gutzwiller variational theory for the Hubbard model with attractive interaction
Creators: name: Buenemann, Joerg
name: Gebhard, Florian
name: Radnoczi, Katalin
name: Fazekas, Patrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the electronic and superconducting properties of a negative-U Hubbard model. For this purpose we evaluate a recently introduced variational theory based on Gutzwiller-correlated BCS wave functions. We find significant differences between our approach and standard BCS theory, especially for the superconducting gap. For small values of $|U|$, we derive analytical expressions for the order parameter and the superconducting gap which we compare to exact results from perturbation theory.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 3 of Comparing data sources in estimating disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for ischemic heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a cross-sectional setting in Finland
Creators: name: Paalanen, Laura
name: Reinikainen, Jaakko
name: Härkänen, Tommi
name: Mattila, Tiina
name: Laatikainen, Tiina
name: Jousilahti, Pekka
name: Tolonen, Hanna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 3. Prevalences and YLL, YLD and DALYs for COPD in Finland using administrative health register and self-reported survey data from the FINRISK 2012 survey for all data sources separately and for different combinations of data sources (3041 males, 3383 females). Description of data: YLL, YLD and DALYs for COPD in absolute figures and per 1000 population by data sources and including different combinations of data sources