cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analytic Lightcurves for Planetary Transit Searches
Creators: name: Mandel, Kaisey
name: Agol, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present exact analytic formulae for the eclipse of a star described by quadratic or nonlinear limb darkening. In the limit that the planet radius is less than a tenth of the stellar radius, we show that the exact lightcurve can be well approximated by assuming the region of the star blocked by the planet has constant surface brightness. We apply these results to the HST observations of HD 209458, showing that the ratio of the planetary to stellar radii is 0.1207+-0.0003. These formulae give a fast and accurate means of computing lightcurves using limb-darkening coefficients from model atmospheres which should aid in the detection, simulation, and parameter fitting of planetary transits.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, emulateapj, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters, subroutines available at http://www.pha.jhu.edu/~agol
Notes on Biadjoint Amplitudes, ${\rm Trop}\,G(3,7)$ and $X(3,7)$ Scattering Equations
Creators: name: Cachazo, Freddy
name: Rojas, Jairo M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In these notes we use the recently found relation between facets of tropical Grassmannians and generalizations of Feynman diagrams to compute all "biadjoint amplitudes" for $n=7$ and $k=3$. We also study scattering equations on $X(3,7)$, the configuration space of seven points on $\mathbb{CP}^2$. We prove that the number of solutions is $1272$ in a two-step process. In the first step we obtain $1162$ explicit solutions to high precision using near-soft kinematics. In the second step we compute the matrix of $360\times 360$ biadjoint amplitudes obtained by using the facets of ${\rm Trop}\, G(3,7)$, subtract the result from using the $1162$ solutions and compute the rank of the resulting matrix. The rank turns out to be $110$, which proves that the number of solutions in addition to the $1162$ explicit ones is exactly $110$.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure and 6 ancillary files; minor revision
A unified equation of state of dense matter and neutron star structure
Creators: name: Douchin, F.
name: Haensel, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An equation of state (EOS) of neutron star matter, describing both the neutron star crust and the liquid core, is calculated. It is based on the effective nuclear interaction SLy of the Skyrme type, which is particularly suitable for the application to the calculation of the properties of very neutron rich matter (Chabanat et al. 1997, 1998). The structure of the crust, and its EOS, is calculated in the T=0 approximation, and under the assumption of the ground state composition. The crust-core transition is a very weakly first-order phase transition, with relative density jump of about one percent. The EOS of the liquid core is calculated assuming (minimal) n-p-e-mu composition. Parameters of static neutron stars are calculated and compared with existing observational data on neutron stars. The minimum and maximum masses of static neutron stars are 0.094 M_sun and 2.05 M_sun, respectively. Effects of rotation on the minimum and the maximum mass of neutron stars are briefly discussed.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, latex, uses aa.cls, to be published in Astronomy and Astrophysics
The Galactic Bar
Creators: name: Gerhard, Ortwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Milky Way has a barred bulge. This article summarizes the current understanding of the main structural parameters and pattern speed of the bar, and compares predicted values for the microlensing optical depth with the bulge microlensing observations.
description: To appear in: The Dynamics, Structure and History of Galaxies, a conference in honor of Ken Freeman, eds. G.S. Da Costa & E.M. Sadler, ASP Conference Series. 10 pages, LaTeX, 3 figures
title: Characterisation of Biofilm-Forming Ability and Haemolytic Activity of Clinical Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Isolates From the Urinary Tract
Creators: name: Desai, Devika J
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biofilm-Forming Ability
subject: Haemolytic Activity
subject: Clinical Group B Streptococcus (GBS)
subject: Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
subject: Gram-negative bacteria
subject: Gram-positive bacteria

description: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections caused by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, acquired in the community and hospitals. There are three main groups of UTIs: (i) lower UTIs that affect the urethra or the bladder, (ii) upper UTIs that affect the kidneys, or (iii) asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a Gram-positive bacteria known to cause a variety of infections in neonates, pregnant women, the elderly or immunocompromised individuals. GBS has been estimated to cause 1-2% of all single organism UTIs. GBS has been shown to form biofilms, on abiotic and biotic surfaces, protecting it from killing by antibiotics or host immune cells and promotes host colonisation. Various factors have been shown to affect the biofilm forming ability of GBS. Here we determined that LB supplemented with glucose was the optimal media for biofilm formation by a strong biofilm forming strain. We then investigated the biofilm forming phenotype of 292 clinical GBS isolates that presented with asymptomatic, acute, or recurrent infection. We found that there was no significant difference in the biofilm forming ability across the clinical presentations. We also showed a significant reduction in the biofilm forming ability of a strong biofilm forming strain and its isogenic maeK and maeE mutants in LB supplemented with 1% glucose. A multiplex PCR screen for genes encoding bsaB, pil1, pil2a, and pil2b found that there was no significant difference in the number of strains that had the right sized fragments for all four genes across the three clinical presentations. We also found that there was a significant difference in the proportion of strains that had the right sized fragments for the pil genes across the three different levels of biofilm activity under shaking conditions. High biofilm forming strains had the lowest proportion of strains that possessed all four genes, compared to low and medium biofilm formers. Lastly, we assessed the haemolytic activity of the strains by growing them on tryptic soy agar plates supplemented with 5% horse blood and found that asymptomatic strains had a significantly higher number of strains with high haemolytic activity compared to acute and recurrent strains.
KISS AGNs in the Soft X-ray Band: Correlation with the ROSAT All-Sky Survey
Creators: name: Stevenson, Samantha L.
name: Salzer, John J.
name: Sarajedini, Vicki L.
name: Moran, Edward C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the X-ray properties of a volume-limited sample of optically selected emission-line galaxies. The sample is derived from a correlation between the KPNO International Spectroscopic Survey (KISS), an H-alpha-selected objective-prism survey of AGNs and starbursting galaxies, and the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS). After elimination of all spurious matches, we identify 18 ROSAT-detected X-ray sources within the KISS sample in the 0.1-2.4 keV band. Due to soft X-ray selection effects, the majority of the ROSAT sources are Seyfert 1 galaxies. The majority (54%) of the ROSAT-KISS Seyferts are classified as narrow-line Seyfert 1 objects, a relatively high percentage compared to previous objective-prism-selected Seyfert galaxy samples. We estimate the X-ray luminosities of the ROSAT-detected KISS objects and derive volume emissivities of 6.63 x 10^38 ergs/s/Mpc^3 and 1.45 x 10^38 ergs/s/Mpc^3 for the 30 deg and 43 deg survey strips, respectively. For those KISS AGNs not detected by RASS, we use the median L_X/L_H-alpha ratio derived from a previous study to estimate L_X. The total 0.5-2 keV volume emissivity we predict for the overall KISS AGN sample is sufficient to account for 22.1 +/- 8.9% of the soft X-ray background (XRB), averaged over both survey strips. The KISS AGN sample is made up predominantly of intermediate-luminosity Seyfert 2's and LINERs, which tend to be weak soft X-ray sources. They may, however, represent a much more significant contribution to the hard XRB.
description: 15 pages, including 5 figures and 2 tables. Accepted for publication in December 2002 AJ
Additional file 5 of Recruitability and effect of PEEP in SARS-Cov-2-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome
Creators: name: Beloncle, François M.
name: Pavlovsky, Bertrand
name: Desprez, Christophe
name: Fage, Nicolas
name: Olivier, Pierre-Yves
name: Asfar, Pierre
name: Richard, Jean-Christophe
name: Mercat, Alain
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 5: Figure S5. Distribution of the Radiographic Assessment of the quantity of Lung Edema (RALE) score at the day of intubation in the highly recruitable and poorly recruitable groups. NS, no significant (p > 0.05). Horizontal lines represent median and interquartile range values.
Mass distribution in our Galaxy
Creators: name: Gerhard, Ortwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article summarizes recent work on the luminosity and mass distribution of the Galactic bulge and disk, and on the mass of the Milky Way's dark halo. A new luminosity model consistent with the COBE NIR data and the apparent magnitude distributions of bulge clump giant stars has bulge/bar length of $\simeq 3.5\kpc$, axis ratios of 1:(0.3-0.4):0.3, and short disk scale-length ($\simeq 2.1\kpc$). Gas-dynamical flows in the potential of this model with constant M/L fit the terminal velocities in $10°\le |l| \le 50°$ very well. The luminous mass distribution with this M/L is consistent with the surface density of known matter near the Sun, but still underpredicts the microlensing optical depth towards the bulge. Together, these facts argue strongly for a massive, near-maximal disk in our $\sim L^\ast$, Sbc spiral Galaxy. While the outer rotation curve and global mass distribution are not as readily measured as in similar spiral galaxies, the dark halo mass estimated from satellite velocities is consistent with a flat rotation curve continuing on from the luminous mass distribution.
description: To appear in: Matter in the Universe, eds. Jetzer P., Pretzl K., von Steiger R., Space Science Reviews, Kluwer. 10 pages, LaTeX, 5 figures
Do disturbance-sensitive and habitat-specialized species have a smaller range size? Evidence for a set of common mammals at regional scale
Creators: name: Battisti, Corrado
name: Fanelli, Giuliano
name: Amori, Giovanni
name: Luiselli, Luca
name: Capizzi, Dario
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Disturbance-sensitivity and habitat generalism are two important eco-behavioural traits of species. In this paper, we calculated these traits for a set of 21 common mammal species using two proxies (HSrescaled for disturbance-sensitivity, and HHi, for habitat generalism) here obtained synthesizing the numbers and frequency of differently disturbed habitats where a species occurs. Then, we correlated them to their regional range size in Latium (Central Italy). HSrescaled and HHi resulted correlated between them. Moreover both these metrics resulted (or tend to be) positively correlated with the regional range size of species. A GLM model showed that disturbance-sensitivity of the species is more explicative to predict regional range size when compared to generalism. Although with some limitations, this data deserves attention for its implications both in basic and applied ecology. Indeed, (i) our data corroborate the strictly relationship between niche-width and geographic distribution of species at regional scale, and (ii) we obtained eco-behavioural evidence useful for conservation strategies: indeed many of species yet included in list of disturbance-sensitive taxa at landscape scale can be confirmed as indicators of disturbed habitat types.
Triple Differential Dijet Cross Section at the LHC
Creators: name: Ridder, Aude Gehrmann-De
name: Gehrmann, Thomas
name: Glover, E. W. N.
name: Huss, Alexander
name: Pires, Joao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measurement of the triple-differential dijet production cross section as a function of the average transverse momentum $p_{T,\textrm{avg}}$, half the rapidity separation $y^{*}$, and the boost $y_{b}$ of the two leading jets in the event enables a kinematical scan of the underlying parton momentum distributions. We compute for the first time the second-order perturbative QCD corrections to this triple-differential dijet cross section, at leading color in all partonic channels, thereby enabling precision studies with LHC dijet data. A detailed comparison with experimental CMS 8 TeV data is performed, demonstrating how the shape of this differential cross section probes the parton densities in different kinematical ranges.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures ; (version published in PRL)
Veri Paylaşımı ve Açık Lisanslar
Creators: name: Madran, Orçun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Açık Veri
Veri Paylaşımı
Açık Lisanslar
Creative Commons
UAVS2021

description: 25-26 Mayıs 2021 Ulusal Araştırma Verileri Sempozyumu Araştırma Verilerinin Yönetimi Açık Veri Veri Paylaşımı Açık Lisanslar Creative Commons Lisansları
Linear and Circular Polarization Properties of Jets
Creators: name: Ruszkowski, Mateusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss the transfer of polarized synchrotron radiation in relativistic jets. I argue that the main mechanism responsible for the circular polarization properties of compact synchrotron sources is likely to be Faraday conversion and that, contrary to common expectation, a significant rate of Faraday rotation does not necessarily imply strong depolarization. The long-term persistence of the sign of circular polarization, observed in some sources, is most likely due to a small net magnetic flux generated in the central engine, carried along the jet axis and superimposed on a highly turbulent magnetic field. I show that the mean levels of circular and linear polarizations depend on the number of field reversals along the line of sight and that the gradient in Faraday rotation across turbulent regions can lead to "correlation depolarization''. The model is potentially applicable to a wide range of synchrotron sources. In particular, I demonstrate how the model can naturally explain the excess of circular over linear polarization in the Galactic Center (Sgr A*) and the low-luminosity AGN M81*.
description: Invited Talk, to appear in "Circular Polarisation in Relativistic Jet Sources", Astrophysics and Space Science, Fender R.P. and Macquart J.-P. (Eds)
Phase-Locked Loop based Resonant Sensors: A Rigorous Theory and General Analysis Framework for Deciphering Fundamental Sensitivity Limitations due to Noise
Creators: name: Demir, Alper
name: Hanay, M. Selim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanomechanical resonators are used in building ultra-sensitive mass and force sensors. In a widely used resonator based sensing paradigm, each modal resonance frequency is tracked with a phase-locked loop (PLL) based system. There is great interest in deciphering the fundamental sensitivity limitations due to inherent noise and fluctuations in PLL based resonant sensors to improve their performance. In this paper, we present a precise, first-principles based theory for the analysis of PLL based resonator tracking systems. Based on this theory, we develop a general, rigorously-derived noise analysis framework for PLL based sensors. We apply this framework to a setting where the sensor performance is mainly limited by the thermomechanical noise of the nanomechanical resonator. The results that are deduced through our analysis framework are in complete agreement with the ones we obtain from extensive, carefully run stochastic simulations of a PLL based sensor system. We compare the conclusions we derive with the recent results in the literature. Our theory and analysis framework can be used in assessing PLL based sensor performance with other sources of noise, e.g., from the electronic components, actuation and sensing mechanisms, and due to the signal generator, as well as for a variety of PLL based sensor configurations such as multi-mode and nonlinear sensing.
description: 37 pages, 8 figures
Acanthoscelides pusillimus
Creators: name: Romero, Jesús
name: Johnson, Clarence Dan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Chrysomelidae
Acanthoscelides
Acanthoscelides pusillimus

description: Acanthoscelides pusillimus (Sharp)
Distribution: Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua (Granada), and Venezuela (Johnson 1990).
 Host plants: Dalea aff. submontana, D. bicolor var. naviculifolia (Hemsley) Barneby, D. carthagenensis var. barbata (Oersted) Barneby, D. cliffortiana Willd., D. foliolosa (Aiton) Barneby, D. leporina (Aiton) Bullock, D. leucostachya var. eysenhardtioides (Hemsley) Barneby, D. scandens var. occidentalis, D. scandens var. paucifolia (Coulter) Barneby, D. tomentosa var. tomentosa, D. zimapanica S. Schauer. (Johnson 1983, 1989, 1990).
description: Published as part of Romero, Jesús & Johnson, Clarence Dan, 2004, Zabrotes maesi, A New Species from Nicaragua with New Distribution Records for other Bruchids (Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Amblycerinae), pp. 379-387 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 58 (3) on page 385, DOI: 10.1649/632, http://zenodo.org/record/10104502
Spatial patterns emerging from a stochastic process near criticality
Creators: name: Peruzzo, Fabio
name: Mobilia, Mauro
name: Azaele, Sandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: There is mounting empirical evidence that many communities of living organisms display key features which closely resemble those of physical systems at criticality. We here introduce a minimal model framework for the dynamics of a community of individuals which undergoes local birth-death, immigration and local jumps on a regular lattice. We study its properties when the system is close to its critical point. Even if this model violates detailed balance, within a physically relevant regime dominated by fluctuations, it is possible to calculate analytically the probability density function of the number of individuals living in a given volume, which captures the close-to-critical behavior of the community across spatial scales. We find that the resulting distribution satisfies an equation where spatial effects are encoded in appropriate functions of space, which we calculate explicitly. The validity of the analytical formulæ is confirmed by simulations in the expected regimes. We finally discuss how this model in the critical-like regime is in agreement with several biodiversity patterns observed in tropical rain forests.
description: To appear in Physical Review X. Our manuscript contains a summary paragraph of 168 words and a main text 8,473 words long, 9 figures (comprising 26 panels in total) with legends (1,266 total words) and 53 references
title: Identifying and Assessing Risk Factors for Idiopathic Dystonia
Creators: name: Newman, Jeremy R. B.
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dystonia
subject: Debilitating neurological movement disorders
subject: Idiopathic dystonia

description: Dystonia is a group of debilitating neurological movement disorders characterised by abnormal sustained or intermittent involuntary co-contraction of opposing muscle groups. While some forms of dystonia are caused by rare genetic mutations or acquired following a toxic or physical injury or other cause, the majority of cases arise with no clear aetiology. It is thought that these idiopathic dystonias manifest following a complex interaction between genetic susceptibility and non-genetic triggers. The inherited and idiopathic forms of dystonia share a number of symptomatic and physiological similarities. In addition, the genes linked to inherited forms of dystonia (‘DYT genes’) appear to influence many of the same cellular process, despite being functionally different. The causes of inherited or acquired dystonia may therefore provide clues to the aetiology of the idiopathic dystonias in the form of genetic and nongenetic risk factors for the disorder. The focus of this thesis is to identify risk factors for idiopathic dystonia to better understand the mechanisms of the disorder. All subjects examined in this thesis were recruited from movement disorder clinics in Queensland, Australia. A questionnaire was employed to assess possible risk factors for idiopathic dystonia. This questionnaire surveyed several factors pertaining to environmental exposures, lifestyle, medical history and family history of disease. Data obtained from 184 dystonia cases was compared with that of 242 matched controls and 1048 unmatched controls. The analysis of these risk factors revealed significant associations between and tremors, anxiety disorders, depression, head traumas and cigarette smoking and development of idiopathic dystonia.
Additional file 3 of Association of helicopter transportation and improved mortality for patients with major trauma in the northern French Alps trauma system: an observational study based on the TRENAU registry
Creators: name: Ageron, Francois-Xavier
name: Debaty, Guillaume
name: Savary, Dominique
name: Champly, Frederic
name: Albasini, Francois
name: Usseglio, Pascal
name: Vallot, Cécile
name: Galvagno, Samuel
name: Bouzat, Pierre
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 3. Logistic regression with in-hospital death as dependent variable and random effect on prehospital team.
title: Development of an Integrated Magnetic System Assisted by Electromagnetic Simulation
Creators: name: Stegen, Sascha
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Electronic circuits
subject: Switching efficiencies
subject: Inductor-Capacitor-Transformer
subject: Integrated magnetic system
subject: Solar Photo Voltaic

description: In DC/DC converter systems, power electronic circuits are reaching switching efficiencies close to 100 percent nowadays. Thus, most of the energy loss appears inside the passive magnetic circuit of the converter, which at the same time is the component that requires most space in the system. In order to battle this issue, research during the last century has been focused on planarization, hybridization and integration techniques with the goal to achieve higher efficiencies and decrease the profile and volume of the devices. In addition, higher frequencies have been applied to achieve a higher power density of the magnetic systems, but with the negative consequence of stronger parasitic effects such as proximity and skin effects inside the magnetic circuit. This thesis deals with the development of an integrated magnetic system in a L-C-T (Inductor-Capacitor-Transformer) configuration, with the assistance of Finite Element Method (FEM) computer modeling, which is supportively used to accelerate the development process. Computational simulation method is used to indicate and address the physical issues, which cannot be identified with conventional measurement methods.
Point prevalence study of antimicrobial use among hospitals across Botswana; findings and implications
Creators: name: Bene D. Anand Paramadhas
name: Celda Tiroyakgosi
name: Mpinda-Joseph, Pinkie
name: Mathudi Morokotso
name: Matshediso Matome
name: Sinkala, Fatima
name: Gaolebe, Mavis
name: Malone, Brighid
name: Molosiwa, Emmanuel
name: Shanmugam, Muthu Guhan
name: Gogaisa Pearl Raseatlholo
name: Masilo, Joyce
name: Yomi Oyeniran
name: Marumoloa, Stella
name: Omphile Glory Maakelo
name: Ishmael Katjakae
name: Kgatlwane, Joyce
name: Godman, Brian
name: Massele, Amos
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Objective: There is an urgent need to undertake Point Prevalence Surveys (PPS) across Africa to document antimicrobial utilisation rates given high rates of infectious diseases and growing resistance rates. This is the case in Botswana along with high empiric use and extended prophylaxis to prevent surgical site infections (SSIs) Method: PPS was conducted among all hospital sectors in Botswana using forms based on Global and European PPS studies adapted for Botswana, including rates of HIV, TB, malaria, and malnutrition. Quantitative study to assess the capacity to promote appropriate antibiotic prescribing. Results: 711 patients were enrolled with high antimicrobial use (70.6%) reflecting an appreciable number transferred from other hospitals (42.9%), high HIV rates (40.04% among those with known HIV) and TB (25.4%), and high use of catheters. Most infections were community acquired (61.7%). Cefotaxime and metronidazole were the most prescribed in public hospitals with ceftriaxone the most prescribed antimicrobial in private hospitals. Concerns with missed antibiotic doses (1.96 per patient), high empiric use, extended use to prevent SSIs, high use of IV antibiotics, and variable infrastructures in hospitals to improve future antibiotic use. Conclusion: High antibiotic use reflects high rates of infectious diseases observed in Botswana. A number of concerns have been identified, which are being addressed.
Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Antiproton to Proton Abundance Ratio between 4 and 50 GeV
Creators: name: Beach, A. S.
name: Beatty, J. J.
name: Bhattacharyya, A.
name: Bower, C.
name: Coutu, S.
name: DuVernois, M. A.
name: Labrador, A. W.
name: McKee, S.
name: Minnick, S. A.
name: Muller, D.
name: Musser, J.
name: Nutter, S.
name: Schubnell, M.
name: Swordy, S.
name: Tarle, G.
name: Tomasch, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new measurement of the antiproton to proton abundance ratio, pbar/p, in the cosmic radiation. The HEAT-pbar instrument, a balloon borne magnet spectrometer with precise rigidity and multiple energy loss measurement capability, was flown successfully in Spring 2000, at an average atmospheric depth of 7.2 g/cm^2. A total of 71 antiprotons were identified above the vertical geomagnetic cut-off rigidity of 4.2 GV. The highest measured proton energy was 81 GeV. We find that the pbar/p abundance ratio agrees with that expected from a purely secondary origin of antiprotons produced by primary protons with a standard soft energy spectrum.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; accepted for publication in PRL
International experiences in multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) for evaluating orphan drugs: a scoping review
Creators: name: P Lasalvia
name: L Prieto-Pinto
name: M Moreno
name: J Castrillón
name: G Romano
name: N Garzón-Orjuela
name: D Rosselli
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Introduction: Orphan diseases are low-prevalence conditions with chronically debilitating or life-threatening consequences. Their treatments are generally called orphan drugs (OD). Health–technology assessment processes have traditionally considered cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), when making reimbursement and pricing decisions for health-care plans. Valuing OD with standard CEA raises important issues due to uncertain evidence, inability to meet cost-effectiveness thresholds for reimbursement and high budget impact, among others. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) allows to overcome these issues and improve the technical and ethical quality of decisions regarding prioritization, coverage, and reimbursement of OD. Areas covered: A scoping review was conducted in order to characterize MCDA frameworks for assessing OD and implementation experiences. We reviewed electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, CINAHL, EconLit, Web of Science, LILACS, Google Scholar) key journals (Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases and Value in Health) and organization repositories. Expert opinion: The theoretical framework for MCDA considers areas related to characteristics of orphan diseases and their technologies’ clinical and economic impact. Participation processes are critical in incorporating societal values in weighting different dimensions and constructing decision rules. Local implementation pilots considering different stakeholders are necessary in order to pinpoint specific barriers and opportunities.
Resolving starlight: a quantum perspective
Creators: name: Tsang, Mankei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The wave-particle duality of light introduces two fundamental problems to imaging, namely, the diffraction limit and the photon shot noise. Quantum information theory can tackle them both in one holistic formalism: model the light as a quantum object, consider any quantum measurement, and pick the one that gives the best statistics. While Helstrom pioneered the theory half a century ago and first applied it to incoherent imaging, it was not until recently that the approach offered a genuine surprise on the age-old topic by predicting a new class of superior imaging methods. For the resolution of two sub-Rayleigh sources, the new methods have been shown theoretically and experimentally to outperform direct imaging and approach the true quantum limits. Recent efforts to generalize the theory for an arbitrary number of sources suggest that, despite the existence of harsh quantum limits, the quantum-inspired methods can still offer significant improvements over direct imaging for subdiffraction objects, potentially benefiting many applications in astronomy as well as fluorescence microscopy.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures. v2: streamlined as per referees' suggestions. Accepted by Contemporary Physics
Amblycerus spondiae Kingsolver 1980
Creators: name: Romero, Jesús
name: Johnson, Clarence Dan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Chrysomelidae
Amblycerus
Amblycerus spondiae

description: Amblycerus spondiae Kingsolver
 Distribution: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua (Granada), Panama. (Romero et al. 1996).
 Host plants: Cordia dodecandra DC., Hippomane mancinella L., Spondias mombin L., Ziziphus mexicanus Rose. (Kingsolver 1990)
description: Published as part of Romero, Jesús & Johnson, Clarence Dan, 2004, Zabrotes maesi, A New Species from Nicaragua with New Distribution Records for other Bruchids (Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Amblycerinae), pp. 379-387 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 58 (3) on page 385, DOI: 10.1649/632, http://zenodo.org/record/10104502
title: The Ideological Struggle in China Mainland Mainstream Film from the End of the Second World War to the Beginning of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1945 - 1966)
Creators: name: Ren, Chao
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ideology
subject: Cinema
subject: China
subject: Second World War
subject: Cultural Revolution

description: This research was inspired by Slavoj Žižek’s approach to ideology which views it as an unconscious fantasy that shapes reality, and has its philosophical roots in dialectic materialism. The structure of the ideological analyses of ideological construction and struggle in the films throughout the entire mainland China during the period from the end of the Second World War to the beginning of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution is the key question of our doctoral research. In order to answer the question of what is the nature of the ideological struggle exhibited in film production between political forces during the period from 1945 to 1966, the research resulted in two outcomes, one major and one minor. Taking this approach to the nature of ideological construction and struggle, provides for an innovative perspective from which to analyze and understand China through specific case-studies of key films in the period of 1945 to 1966. The research into these case-studies is trying to unveil what scholars of Chinese culture have overlooked, and seeks to provide an understanding not only of Chinese film, but also of the history of China and the cultural ethnicity of Chinese people. Simultaneously, the research is also trying to make a "documentary-style study", that is, a text-based analysis in which the text is the the cinema footage. So through the analysis of the films, the research opened a painting scroll of a period of twenty years, throughout the entire mainland China. This included the magnificent vision of the top-class to the bottom-level society which makes our readers have a rational and perceptual understanding of China in that era, as the latter is often lacking. The audio-visual component provides a version of that vision.
Programming multi-level quantum gates in disordered computing reservoirs via machine learning and TensorFlow
Creators: name: Marcucci, Giulia
name: Pierangeli, Davide
name: Pinkse, Pepijn
name: Malik, Mehul
name: Conti, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Novel machine learning computational tools open new perspectives for quantum information systems. Here we adopt the open-source programming library TensorFlow to design multi-level quantum gates including a computing reservoir represented by a random unitary matrix. In optics, the reservoir is a disordered medium or a multi-modal fiber. We show that trainable operators at the input and the readout enable one to realize multi-level gates. We study various qudit gates, including the scaling properties of the algorithms with the size of the reservoir. Despite an initial low slop learning stage, TensorFlow turns out to be an extremely versatile resource for designing gates with complex media, including different models that use spatial light modulators with quantized modulation levels.
description: Added a new section and a new figure about implementation of the gates by a single spatial light modulator. 9 pages and 4 figures
Extremely Dilute Modular Neuronal Networks: Neocortical Memory Retrieval Dynamics
Creators: name: Mari, Carlo Fulvi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Biology (q-bio)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A model of the columnar functional organization of neocortical association areas is studied. The neuronal network is composed of many Hebbian autoassociators, or modules, each of which interacts with a relatively small number of the others. Every module encodes and stores a number of elementary percepts, or features. Memory items, or patterns, are peculiar combinations of features sparsely distributed over the multi-modular network. Any feature stored in any module can be involved in several of the stored patterns; feature-sharing is in fact source of local ambiguities and, consequently, a potential cause of erroneous memory retrieval activity spreading through the model network. The memory retrieval dynamics of the large multi-modular autoassociator is investigated by means of quantitative analysis and numerical simulations. An oscillatory retrieval process is found to be very efficient in overcoming feature-sharing drawbacks; it requires a mechanism that modulates the robustness of local attractors to noise, and neuronal activity sparseness such that quiescent and active modules are about equally noisy. Correlated activation of interconnected modules and extramodular neuronal contacts more effective than the intramodular ones seem to be general requirements in order to efficiently achieve satisfactory quality of memory retrieval. It is also shown that, even in ideal conditions, some spots of the network cannot be reached by retrieval activity spread. The locations of these activity isles depend on the pattern to retrieve and on the cue, while their extension only depends on architecture of the graph and statistics of the stored patterns. The existence of these isles determines an upper-bound to retrieval quality that does not depend on the specific retrieval dynamics adopted, nor on whether feature-sharing is permitted. The oscillatory retrieval process nearly saturates this bound.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures (PDF), pdflatex. Pre-peer-review version (for copyright reasons). The more readable post-peer-review author's version is available on the author's personal webpage, which is accessible from orcid.org and Google Scholar
Fluminicola umbilicatus Hershler & Liu & Frest & Johannes 2007, SP. NOV.
Creators: name: Hershler, Robert
name: Liu, Hsiu-Ping
name: Frest, Terrence J.
name: Johannes, Edward J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Sordariomycetes
Annulatascales
Annulatascaceae
Fluminicola
Fluminicola umbilicatus

description: FLUMINICOLA UMBILICATUS SP. NOV. (HAT CREEK   PEBBLESNAIL)   Type material: Holotype (Fig. 19A), USNM 1020705, Big Spring, tributary of Hat Creek, south of Old Station (PO) at the south end of Hat Creek Hill, flowing from beneath CA 89 /44 on the south side, Lassen National Forest, Shasta County, California (629540 E, 4500140 N, 1403 m), 24 October 1992 TF, EJ. Paratypes (from same lot), USNM 1020706.
 Referred material: CALIFORNIA. Shasta County: USNM 1020707, topotypes, 28 August 2001 TF, EJ. – USNM 1020708, Lost Creek (lower site) in lava field on north side of Wilcox Road, west of Hat Creek Rim, Lassen National Forest (632120 E, 4513600 N, 1141 m), 17 August 1991 TF, EJ, JJ. – USNM 1020709, ibid., 24 October 1992 TF, EJ. – USNM 1020710, ibid., 29 August 2001. TF, EJ. – USNM 1020711, Lost Creek (upper site) in lava field on north side of Wilcox Road, west of Hat Creek Rim, Lassen National Forest (632560 E, 4513140 N, 1141 m), 29 August 2001 TF, EJ. – USNM 1020799, Lost Creek (upper most site) in lava field on north side of Wilcox Road, west of Hat Creek Rim, inside and west of Lassen National Forest boundary (632730 E, 4513100 N, 1141 m), 3 November 2002 TF, EJ. – USNM 1020716, Hat Creek on upstream (east) side of CA 89 bridge, both sides of creek at Hat Creek Resort, east of Hat Creek Hill, Old Station Post
description: Published as part of Hershler, Robert, Liu, Hsiu-Ping, Frest, Terrence J. & Johannes, Edward J., 2007, Extensive diversification of pebblesnails (Lithoglyphidae: Fluminicola) in the upper Sacramento River basin, northwestern USA, pp. 371-422 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149 (3) on page 407, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00243.x, http://zenodo.org/record/5428601
Megacerus cubiculus
Creators: name: Romero, Jesús
name: Johnson, Clarence Dan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Chrysomelidae
Megacerus
Megacerus cubiculus

description: Megacerus cubiculus (Casey)
Distribution: Mexico, Nicaragua (Granada), United States, Venezuela. (Terán and Kingsolver 1977, 1992; Terán and Johnson 2002).
 Host plants: Convolvulus sp., Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., I. hederifolia L., I. incarnata (Vahl) Choisy, I. lacunosa L., I. purpurea (L.) Roth, I. trifida (Kunth) G. Don, Merremia quinquefolia (L.) Hall. (Terán and Kingsolver 1977, 1992).
description: Published as part of Romero, Jesús & Johnson, Clarence Dan, 2004, Zabrotes maesi, A New Species from Nicaragua with New Distribution Records for other Bruchids (Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Amblycerinae), pp. 379-387 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 58 (3) on page 385, DOI: 10.1649/632, http://zenodo.org/record/10104502
On the multistationarity of chemical reaction networks
Creators: name: Kaufman, Marcelle
name: Soulé, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We present a new conjecture about a necessary condition that a (bio)chemical network has to satisfy for it to exhibit multistationarity. According to a Theorem of Feliu and Wiuf [27, 12], the conjecture is known for strictly monotonic kinetics. We give several examples illustrating our conjecture.
The Ghost of Sagittarius and Lumps in the Halo of the Milky Way
Creators: name: Newberg, Heidi Jo
name: Yanny, Brian
name: Rockosi, Constance M.
name: Grebel, Eva K.
name: Rix, Hans-Walter
name: Brinkmann, Jon
name: Csabai, Istvan
name: Hennessy, Greg
name: Hindsley, Robert B.
name: Ibata, Rodrigo
name: Ivezic, Zeljko
name: Lamb, Don
name: Nash, E. Thomas
name: Odenkirchen, Michael
name: Rave, Heather A.
name: Schneider, D. P.
name: Smith, J. Allyn
name: Stolte, Andrea
name: York, Donald G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify new structures in the halo of the Milky Way Galaxy from positions, colors and magnitudes of five million stars detected in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Most of these stars are within 1.26 degrees of the celestial equator. We present color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) for stars in two previously discovered, tidally disrupted structures. The CMDs and turnoff colors are consistent with those of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy, as had been predicted. In one direction, we are even able to detect a clump of red stars, similar to that of the Sagittarius dwarf, from stars spread across 110 square degrees of sky. Focusing on stars with the colors of F turnoff objects, we identify at least five additional overdensities of stars. Four of these may be pieces of the same halo structure, which would cover a region of the sky at least 40 degrees in diameter, at a distance of 11 kpc from the Sun (18 kpc from the center of the Galaxy). The turnoff is significantly bluer than that of thick disk stars, and closer to the Galactic plane than a power-law spheroid. We suggest two models to explain this new structure. One possibility is that this new structure could be a new dwarf satellite of the Milky Way, hidden in the Galactic plane, and in the process of being tidally disrupted. The other possibility is that it could be part of a disk-like distribution of stars which is metal-poor, with a scale height of approximately 2 kpc and a scale length of approximately 10 kpc. The fifth overdensity, which is 20 kpc away, is some distance from the Sagittarius dwarf streamer orbit and is not associated with any known structure in the Galactic plane. It is likely that there are many smaller streams of stars in the Galactic halo.
description: ApJ, in press; 26 figures including several in color
Megacerus maculiventris
Creators: name: Romero, Jesús
name: Johnson, Clarence Dan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Chrysomelidae
Megacerus
Megacerus maculiventris

description: Megacerus maculiventris (Fåhraeus)
Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua (Granada), Peru, United States, Venezuela. (Terán and Kingsolver 1977, 1992; Terán and Johnson 2002).
 Host plants: Ipomoea aristolochiifolia (Kunth) G. Don, I. dumetorum Willd. ex Roem. and Schult., I. purpurea (L.) Roth. (Teran and Kingsolver 1977, 1992).
description: Published as part of Romero, Jesús & Johnson, Clarence Dan, 2004, Zabrotes maesi, A New Species from Nicaragua with New Distribution Records for other Bruchids (Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Amblycerinae), pp. 379-387 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 58 (3) on page 385, DOI: 10.1649/632, http://zenodo.org/record/10104502
An Exact and Fast CBCT Reconstruction via Pseudo-Polar Fourier Transform based Discrete Grangeat's Formula
Creators: name: Teyfouri, N.
name: Rabbani, H.
name: Kafieh, R.
name: Jabbari, Iraj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The recent application of Fourier Based Iterative Reconstruction Method (FIRM) has made it possible to achieve high-quality 2D images from a fan beam Computed Tomography (CT) scan with a limited number of projections in a fast manner. The proposed methodology in this article is designed to provide 3D Radon space in linogram fashion to facilitate the use of FIRM with cone beam projections (CBP) for the reconstruction of 3D images in a low dose Cone Beam CT (CBCT).
description: 16 pages, 28 figures, 7 Table