cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hadronic Resonance Gas Model and Multiplicity Dependence in p-p, p-Pb, Pb-Pb collisions: Strangeness Enhancement
Creators: name: Cleymans, Jean
name: Lo, Pok Man
name: Redlich, Krzysztof
name: Sharma, Natasha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently the ALICE collaboration has observed an interesting systematic behaviour of ratios of identified particles to pions yields at the LHC, showing that they depend solely on the charged-particle multiplicity in pp, pPb and PbPb collisions. In particular, the yields of (multi)strange particles relative to pions, increases with multiplicity and the enhancement is mode pronounced with increasing strangeness content. We will argue, that such a pattern of arises naturally in the thermal model taking into account exact strangeness conservation. Furthermore, extending the thermal model by including hadron interactions within the S-matrix approach, the ALICE data can be well quantified by the thermal particle yields at the chiral-crossover temperature, as previously found in central Pb-Pb collisions.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
SUPPLY AND DEMAND ANALYSIS OF RICE IN INDONESIA (1950-1972)
Creators: name: Parhusip, Uben
name: Parhusip, Uben
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1976
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Demand and Price Analysis

description: Indonesia is an agrarian country with more than seventy percent of her population living in rural areas. The population of Indonesia was 119.2 million in 1971 with a very high growth rate. This population is not evenly distributed, with 63.8 percent of the population concentrated in the Java and Bali Islands, which is only about seven percent of the total area of Indonesia. Java is recognized by its crowded rural region, high unemployment and therefore low standard of living for the rural area. Indonesian economy is still an agrarian economy, with more than fifty percent of national income from agriculture, with low productivity in traditional techniques of production and very small holding size. Rice holds a dominant position in both production and consumption in the economies of Indonesia and most Asian countries. Failure to increase rice production in the decade ahead will create a very serious problem or situation. Higher rice prices can lead to higher wages and higher prices for goods other than rice. This will place inflationary pressure on the economy. For a long time rice has been the main food in Indonesia. The most important agricultural policy objective is to fulfill the increasing demand of the very vast growing population.
Counting rainbow triangles in edge-colored graphs
Creators: name: Li, Xueliang
name: Ning, Bo
name: Shi, Yongtang
name: Zhang, Shenggui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $G$ be an edge-colored graph on $n$ vertices. The minimum color degree of $G$, denoted by $δ^c(G)$, is defined as the minimum number of colors assigned to the edges incident to a vertex in $G$. In 2013, H. Li proved that an edge-colored graph $G$ on $n$ vertices contains a rainbow triangle if $δ^c(G)\geq \frac{n+1}{2}$. In this paper, we obtain several estimates on the number of rainbow triangles through one given vertex in $G$. As consequences, we prove counting results for rainbow triangles in edge-colored graphs. One main theorem states that the number of rainbow triangles in $G$ is at least $\frac{1}{6}δ^c(G)(2δ^c(G)-n)n$, which is best possible by considering the rainbow $k$-partite Turán graph, where its order is divisible by $k$. This means that there are $Ω(n^2)$ rainbow triangles in $G$ if $δ^c(G)\geq \frac{n+1}{2}$, and $Ω(n^3)$ rainbow triangles in $G$ if $δ^c(G)\geq cn$ when $c>\frac{1}{2}$. Both results are tight in sense of the order of the magnitude. We also prove a counting version of a previous theorem on rainbow triangles under a color neighborhood union condition due to Broersma et al., and an asymptotically tight color degree condition forcing a colored friendship subgraph $F_k$ (i.e., $k$ rainbow triangles sharing a common vertex).
description: 16 pages
Blank Field Sources in the ROSAT HRI Brera Multiscale Wavelet catalog
Creators: name: Chieregato, M.
name: Campana, S.
name: Treves, A.
name: Moretti, A.
name: Mignani, R. P.
name: Tagliaferri, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search for Blank Field Sources (BFS), i.e. X-ray sources without optical counterparts, paves the way to the identification of unusual objects in the X-ray sky. Here we present four BFS detected in the Brera Multiscale Wavelet catalog of ROSAT HRI observations. This sample has been selected on the basis of source brightness, distance from possible counterparts at other wavelengths, point-like shape and good estimate of the X-ray flux (f_X). The observed f_X and the limiting magnitude of the optical catalogs fix a lower limit for our BFS on f_X/f_opt~40. This value puts them well beyond 90% threshold for usual source classes once HRI energy band and proper spectral shape are taken into account, leaving room for speculation on their nature. Three BFS show also evidence of a transient behaviour.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication on A&A
OBSERVATIONS ON THE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN THE GUATEMALA LABOR FORCE
Creators: name: Castillo, Floridalma
name: Castillo, Floridalma
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: This paper reviews data on participation of women in the Guatemalan labor force, discusses the implications of their work for development, and reviews the impact of selected government policies and programs on women's situation. Emphasis will be placed on reviewing women's participation in the labor force in the different economic sectors of the country.
A note on Q-algebra and quantization
Creators: name: Tang, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53D55-46L65

description: In this note, we study Schwarz's conjecture on application of Q-algebras to strict quantization. We prove that in the case of a torus with a constant Poisson structure, Schwarz's formalism gives the same star product as Rieffel \cite{rif:quantization}. We construct twisted Fock modules as examples of quantization dg-modules in the case of a compact Kähler manifold. In particular, we relate this construction on $\complex\mathbb{P}^1$ to representations of a fuzzy sphere.
description: 13 pages
A REGIONAL CROP ACREAGE MODEL: ESTIMATION OF ACREAGE RESPONSE TO GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS FOR THE EAST SOUTH CENTRAL REGION IN THE U.S. WITH A FORECAST FOR 1982-1985
Creators: name: Wu, Tzongyun Katy
name: Wu, Tzongyun Katy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Since the early 1930's, congress has established a number of programs intended to soften the impact of economic forces upon farmers. These programs seek to adjust production to utilization on a year-to-year basis by offering incentives to producers to expand or contract their crop planting. As a result, accurate estimates of producer response to changing market prices and government programs are very important for policy makers as they attempt to adjust programs to balance demand and supply. Good forecasts of future crop acreages can also help economists provide producers and agribusinesses with better guides for strategies and planning, marketing, and production decisions. The objective of this study is to forecast acreage planted for a specific region using both national government policy variables and region-specific variables. Two aspects of acreage planted which are of particular interest are: (1) whether or not national variables can be used in the regional model, and (2) what additional information can be added to improve the regional model.
How warm are non-thermal relics? Lyman-$α$ bounds on out-of-equilibrium dark matter
Creators: name: Ballesteros, Guillermo
name: Garcia, Marcos A. G.
name: Pierre, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the power spectrum of Non-Cold Dark Matter (NCDM) produced in a state out of thermal equilibrium. We consider dark matter production from the decay of scalar condensates (inflaton, moduli), the decay of thermalized and non-thermalized particles, and from thermal and non-thermal freeze-in. For each case, we compute the NCDM phase space distribution and the linear matter power spectrum, which features a cutoff analogous to that for Warm Dark Matter (WDM). This scale is solely determined by the equation of state of NCDM. We propose a mapping procedure that translates the WDM Lyman-$α$ mass bound to NCDM scenarios. This procedure does not require expensive ad hoc numerical computations of the non-linear matter power spectrum. By applying it, we obtain bounds on several NCDM possibilities, ranging from $m_{\rm DM}\gtrsim {\rm EeV}$ for DM production from inflaton decay with a low reheating temperature, to sub-keV values for non-thermal freeze-in. We discuss the phenomenological implications of these results for specific examples which include strongly-stabilized and non-stabilized supersymmetric moduli, gravitino production from inflaton decay, $Z'$ and spin-2 mediated freeze-in, and non-supersymmetric spin-3/2 DM.
description: 75 pages, 26 figures; matches version published in JCAP
FOOD FOR WORK PROGRAMS: AN ANALYSIS OF CONTRIBUTIONS AND LIMITATIONS
Creators: name: Andrew, Christopher O.
name: Andrew, Christopher O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1966
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: This paper focuses on one section of the Food For Peace program. Essentially, it emphasizes combing surplus labor and food in a work program to accelerate development and expand future income flows. An analysis of potential contributions and limitations of food for work programs requires raising a number of specific questions. The problem at hand for this section of the Food For Peace program is to favorably induce: changes in consumption patterns and human welfare, improvements in human dexterity and fitness, development of physical capital, and mobility of resources. The problem for food for work programs includes uniting surplus labor and food to effectively achieve these goals.
The derivation of the compressible Euler equation from quantum many-body dynamics
Creators: name: Chen, Xuwen
name: Shen, Shunlin
name: Wu, Jiahao
name: Zhang, Zhifei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the three dimensional many-particle quantum dynamics in mean-field setting. We forge together the hierarchy method and the modulated energy method. We prove rigorously that the compressible Euler equation is the limit as the particle number tends to infinity and the Planck's constant tends to zero. We establish strong and quantitative microscopic to macroscopic convergence of mass and momentum densities up to the 1st blow up time of the limiting Euler equation. We justify that the macroscopic pressure emerges from the space-time averages of microscopic interactions, which are in fact, Strichartz-type bounds. We have hence found a physical meaning for Strichartz type bounds which were first raised by Klainerman and Machedon in this context.
Galactic Chemical Evolution Redux: Atomic Numbers 6 < Z < 15
Creators: name: Gibson, B. K.
name: Fenner, Y.
name: Kiessling, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the inability of Galactic chemical evolution models to reproduce some of the observed solar neighbourhood distribution of elements (and isotopes) with atomic numbers 6 < Z < 15, we have revisited the relevant stellar and Galactic models as part of an ambitious new program aimed at resolving these long-standing discrepancies. Avoiding the use of (traditional) parametric models for low- and intermediate-mass stellar evolution, we have generated a new, physically self-consistent, suite of stellar models and integrated the nucleosynthetic outputs into GEtool, our semi-analytical galactic chemical evolution software package. The predicted temporal evolution of several light- and intermediate-mass elements (and their isotopes) in the solar neighbourhood - from carbon to phosphorus - demonstrate the efficacy of the new yields in reconciling theory and observation.
description: 4 pages, Accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics A (2005); Proceedings of Nuclei in the Cosmic VIII
THE ROUTES FOR MINIMIZING THE FERTILIZER TRANSPORTATION COST IN 1972 IN KOREA
Creators: name: Choi, Young Il
name: Choi, Young Il
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Chemical fertilizer has been produced in Korea since 1910. Production had increased every year until 1945 (the year of Korean Independence) except during the period of the World War II. After independence from Japan in 1945, fertilizer production dropped very quickly because most fertilizer production facilities were located in North Korea. To make things worse, during the Korean War the existing facilities were destroyed. From 1945 to 1960, all fertilizers were imported. Sometimes fertilizers were not supplied at the right time for agricultural production and the balance of payments worsened. The objective of this paper is to find out the most efficient transportation route from the production factories and importing harbors to the consumption points to minimize transportation cost in 1972. It will also contribute to reducing the deficit of the fertilizer special fund for supporting the fertilizer production which amounted to almost 20 billion won by 1973 and to decreasing the marketing cost of fertilizer by reducing fertilizer transportation cost.
Observation of the critical regime near Anderson localization of light
Creators: name: Störzer, Martin
name: Gross, Peter
name: Aegerter, Christof M.
name: Maret, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diffusive transport is among the most common phenomena in nature [1]. However, as predicted by Anderson [2], diffusion may break down due to interference. This transition from diffusive transport to localization of waves should occur for any type of classical or quantum wave in any media as long as the wavelength becomes comparable to the transport mean free path $\ell^*$ [3]. The signatures of localization and those of absorption, or bound states, can however be similar, such that an unequivocal proof of the existence of wave localization in disordered bulk materials is still lacking. Here we present measurements of time resolved non-classical diffusion of visible light in strongly scattering samples, which cannot be explained by absorption, sample geometry or reduction in transport velocity. Deviations from classical diffusion increase strongly with decreasing $\ell^*$ as expected for a phase transition. This constitutes an experimental realization of the critical regime in the approach to Anderson localization.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
FACTORS AFFECTING DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF RICE IN SIERRA LEONE
Creators: name: Kargbo, Alimami M.
name: Kargbo, Alimami M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Demand and Price Analysis

description: Sierra Leone, like most developing countries is primarily agricultural, with about 75 percent of its population getting its living from farming. The main characteristic of its farming is the large number of small holdings-averaging about two hectares per farm. Most of these farms are fragmented. Large-scale farming is a fairly recent development and the few large farms are either government or quasi-government institutions, confined to crops that require expensive machinery and timely processing. In the country's search for new sources of economic expansion, agriculture assumed first priority. This was due, in part, to the fact that a large percentage of the population derived its living from agriculture. In addition, the development of agriculture has proven to be the safest and most stable avenue for increasing rural income and employment and improving the shortage of foreign exchange. Until the mid-1950's, Sierra Leone had been a net exporter of rice. Since 1955, however, domestic production has fallen short of domestic demand. This lag in production has been blamed on insufficient attention to agriculture coupled with unfavorable producer prices for most agriculture products. The achievement of self sufficiency in rice has been an important politico-economic goal for policy makers of the government of Sierra Leone.
Optically induced hybrid Bose-Fermi system in quantum wells with different charge carriers
Creators: name: Kibis, O. V.
name: Boev, M. V.
name: Kovalev, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is demonstrated theoretically that the circularly polarized irradiation of two-dimensional conducting systems can produce the composite bosons consisting of two electrons with different effective masses (different charge carriers), which are stable due to the Fermi sea of conduction electrons. As a result, the optically induced mixture of paired electrons and normal conduction electrons (the hybrid Bose-Fermi system) appears. Elementary excitations in such a hybrid system are analyzed and possible manifestations of the light-induced electron pairing are discussed for semiconductor quantum wells.
description: Published version
Implicit Tracking-Based Distributed Constraint-Coupled Optimization
Creators: name: Li, Jingwang
name: Su, Housheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A class of distributed optimization problem with a globally coupled equality constraint and local constrained sets is studied in this paper. For its special case where local constrained sets are absent, an augmented primal-dual gradient dynamics is proposed and analyzed, but it cannot be implemented distributedly since the violation of the coupled constraint needs to be used. Benefiting from the brand-new comprehending of a classical distributed unconstrained optimization algorithm, the novel implicit tracking approach is proposed to track the violation distributedly, which leads to the birth of the \underline{i}mplicit tracking-based \underline{d}istribut\underline{e}d \underline{a}ugmented primal-dual gradient dynamics (IDEA). A projected variant of IDEA, i.e., Proj-IDEA, is further designed to deal with the general case where local constrained sets exist. With the aid of the Lyapunov stability theory, the convergences of IDEA and Pro-IDEA over undigraphs and digraphs are analyzed respectively. As far as we know, Proj-IDEA is the first constant step-size distributed algorithm which can solve the studied problem without the need of the strict convexity of local cost functions. Besides, if local cost functions are strongly convex and smooth, IDEA can achieve exponential convergence with a weaker condition about the coupled constraint. Finally, numerical experiments are taken to corroborate our theoretical results.
Geometry Diagnostics of a Stellar Flare from Fluorescent X-rays
Creators: name: Testa, P.
name: Drake, J. J.
name: Ercolano, B.
name: Reale, F.
name: Huenemoerder, D. P.
name: Affer, L.
name: Micela, G.
name: Garcia-Alvarez, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present evidence of Fe fluorescent emission in the Chandra HETGS spectrum of the single G-type giant HR 9024 during a large flare. In analogy to solar X-ray observations, we interpret the observed Fe K$α$ line as being produced by illumination of the photosphere by ionizing coronal X-rays, in which case, for a given Fe photospheric abundance, its intensity depends on the height of the X-ray source. The HETGS observations, together with 3D Monte Carlo calculations to model the fluorescence emission, are used to obtain a direct geometric constraint on the scale height of the flaring coronal plasma. We compute the Fe fluorescent emission induced by the emission of a single flaring coronal loop which well reproduces the observed X-ray temporal and spectral properties according to a detailed hydrodynamic modeling. The predicted Fe fluorescent emission is in good agreement with the observed value within observational uncertainties, pointing to a scale height $\lesssim 0.3$\rstar. Comparison of the HR 9024 flare with that recently observed on II Peg by Swift indicates the latter is consistent with excitation by X-ray photoionization.
description: accepted for publication on the Astrophysical Journal Letters
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF MILLET AND SORGHUM IN SENEGAL
Creators: name: Niane, Amadou D.
name: Niane, Amadou D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Demand and Price Analysis

description: The history of starvation in the world is very tightly linked with the history of humanity. The problem of starvation was discussed in 1945 at the Worldwide Constitutional Conference of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The main goal of the organization was and remains a food policy for the benefit of all, in order to liberate all people from starvation. Since 1950, there has been a notable decrease in agricultural production per capita in the developing counties in comparison to the needs. In 1972 and 1973, poor harvests created a dramatic situation in many regions of the world and once again it was in the developing countries where people suffered the most. In the Sahel countries, many thousand of lives would have been lost if the international community and the United Nations had not helped.
On a positivity property of the real part of logarithmic derivative of the Riemann $ξ$-function
Creators: name: Goldštein, Edvinas
name: Grigutis, Andrius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we investigate the positivity property of the real part of logarithmic derivative of the Riemann $ξ$-function for $1/2<σ<1$ and sufficiently large $t$. We give an explicit upper and lower bounds for $\Re\sum_ρ 1/(s-ρ)$, where the sum runs over the zeros of $ζ(s)$ on the line $1/2+it$. We also check the positivity of $\Re ξ'/ξ(s)$ for $1/2<σ<1$ assuming that there occur a non-trivial zeros of $ζ(s)$ off the critical line.
Quantum transport in chains with noisy off-diagonal couplings
Creators: name: Pereverzev, Andrey
name: Bittner, Eric R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model for conductivity and energy diffusion in a linear chain described by a quadratic Hamiltonian with Gaussian noise. We show that when the correlation matrix is diagonal, the noise-averaged Liouville-von Neumann equation governing the time-evolution of the system reduces to the Lindblad equation with Hermitian Lindblad operators. We show that the noise-averaged density matrix for the system expectation values of the energy density and the number density satisfy discrete versions of the heat and diffusion equations. Transport coefficients are given in terms of model Hamiltonian parameters. We discuss conditions on the Hamiltonian under which the noise-averaged expectation value of the total energy remains constant. For chains placed between two heat reservoirs, the gradient of the energy density along the chain is linear.
description: 6 pages, to appear in J. Chem. Phys
The Distribution Of Child Nutritional Status Across Countries And Over Time
Creators: name: Bhagowalia, Priya
name: Chen, Susan E.
name: Masters, William A.
name: Bhagowalia, Priya
name: Chen, Susan E.
name: Masters, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: Malnutrition is manifested in various degrees of both underweight and overweight, with large differences and rapid changes in their prevalence and severity. This paper introduces a new approach to characterizing the distribution of a population’s nutritional status, to help analyze changes in that distribution over time and across countries. Our method draws on the poverty literature to construct Foster-Greer-Thorbecke measures for the incidence and severity of under- and overweight, based on deviations in either direction from the median of a healthy population. We apply this median-based measure to the nutritional status of over 400,000 preschool children, as measured in 130 DHS surveys covering 53 countries over a period from 1986 to 2006. Unlike conventional threshold-based methods, the new approach counts changes in every child’s bodyweight. We find that this offers a more sensitive measure of differences across countries and changes over time, showing in particular that children’s bodyweights are closely linked to local agricultural output and gender equality as well as real GDP per capita.
Book Review: STATELESSNESS, GOVERNANCE, AND THE PROBLEM OF CITIZENSHIP EDITED BY TENDAYI BLOOM AND LINDSEY N. KINGSTON (MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2021)
Creators: name: Lloydd, Marnie
Publisher: name: Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 160602 Citizenship
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 180114 Human Rights Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: 180116 International Law (excl. International Trade Law)

description: No description supplied
Probabilistic Theories and Reconstructions of Quantum Theory (Les Houches 2019 lecture notes)
Creators: name: Mueller, Markus P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: These lecture notes provide a basic introduction to the framework of generalized probabilistic theories (GPTs) and a sketch of a reconstruction of quantum theory (QT) from simple operational principles. To build some intuition for how physics could be even more general than quantum, I present two conceivable phenomena beyond QT: superstrong nonlocality and higher-order interference. Then I introduce the framework of GPTs, generalizing both quantum and classical probability theory. Finally, I summarize a reconstruction of QT from the principles of Tomographic Locality, Continuous Reversibility, and the Subspace Axiom. In particular, I show why a quantum bit is described by a Bloch ball, why it is three-dimensional, and how one obtains the complex numbers and operators of the usual representation of QT.
description: 41 pages, 12 figures. V2: added hyperlinks to references; several minor corrections; new layout. V3, V4: corrected some typos and added some minor clarifications. Submitted to SciPost Lecture Notes. To appear in 'Quantum Information Machines; Lecture Notes of the Les Houches Summer School 2019', eds. M. Devoret, B. Huard, and I. Pop
Consumer Responses to New Food Quality Information: Are Some Consumers More Sensitive than Others
Creators: name: Gao, Zhifeng
name: Schroeder, Ted C.
name: Gao, Zhifeng
name: Schroeder, Ted C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Attribute
subject: Willingness-to-Pay
subject: Choice Experiment
subject: Cluster Analysis

description: In the main approaches used to elicit consumer preference for food attributes, only limited attribute information are present. Though useful for ranking and revealing consumer preferences, these methods are not appropriate when results may be dependent upon the information set presented in the surveys. Studies have found out that additional quality information in surveys significantly affected respondents’ attitudes to or WTP for a specific product attributes. By using cluster analysis we are able to classify respondents into different consumer groups and investigate the difference in responses to new attribute information across consumer groups. Results show that different types of consumer’s WTP for beef steak attributes varies significantly and their responses to new attribute information are different, if a specific attribute is studied. Over all, there was no significant difference between the responses to new information between consumer groups. However, in the case where cue attributes existed, consumers with small family size, less children, lower income, are single and younger, respond significantly intensive to the new information than other consumers.
Differentiating and Integrating ZX Diagrams with Applications to Quantum Machine Learning
Creators: name: Wang, Quanlong
name: Yeung, Richie
name: Koch, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: ZX-calculus has proved to be a useful tool for quantum technology with a wide range of successful applications. Most of these applications are of an algebraic nature. However, other tasks that involve differentiation and integration remain unreachable with current ZX techniques. Here we elevate ZX to an analytical perspective by realising differentiation and integration entirely within the framework of ZX-calculus. We explicitly illustrate the new analytic framework of ZX-calculus by applying it in context of quantum machine learning for the analysis of barren plateaus.
description: 43 pages
Further Evidence of Price Transmission and Asymmetric Adjustment in the U.S. Beef and Pork Sectors
Creators: name: Boetel, Brenda L.
name: Liu, Donald J.
name: Boetel, Brenda L.
name: Liu, Donald J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper expands the contributions of Goodwin and Holt (AJAE, 1999) and Goodwin and Harper (J. of Ag. and Appl. Econ., 2000), GHH henceforth, who analyze retail-wholesale-farm price transmissions in the U.S. beef and pork industries using weekly data. First, in light of advancements in unit root tests, we re-examine in a more comprehensive manner GHH’s conclusion that the weekly U.S. cattle/beef and hog/pork price series are nonstationary. The conventional augmented Dickey-Fuller test that GHH adopt has low power in discriminating against the unit root null because it does not entertain the possibility of a structure break in the deterministic trend function. Second, we examine more closely the estimation procedure surrounding the long run price linkage equation, ensuring the unbiasedness in the estimated long run price transmission coefficient. Moreover, we ascertain whether there have been structural changes in the long run price linkage equation using a new approach, which endogenously estimates the break date. Third, we employ two data sets with different frequencies, weekly data and monthly data, to gain insight into the reasons underlying price asymmetry found in GHH.
High-Resolution Simulations of a Moon-Forming Impact and Post-Impact Evolution
Creators: name: Wada, Keiichi
name: Kokubo, Eiichiro
name: Makino, Junichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to examine the ``giant impact hypothesis'' for the Moon formation, we run the first grid-based, high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations for an impact between proto-Earth and a proto-planet. The spatial resolution for the impact-generated disk is greatly improved from previous particle-based simulations. This allows us to explore fine structures of a circumterrestrial debris disk and its long-term evolution. We find that in order to form a debris disk from which a lunar-sized satellite can be accumulated, the impact must result in a disk of mostly liquid or solid debris, where pressure is not effective, well before the accumulation process starts. If the debris is dominated by vapor gas, strong spiral shocks are generated, and therefore the circumterrestrial disk cannot survive more than several days. This suggests that there could be an appropriate mass range for terrestrial planets to harbor a large moon as a result of giant impacts, since vaporization during an impact depends on the impact energy.
description: ApJ 638, Feb. 20 in press
Simultaneous Monte Carlo analysis of parton densities and fragmentation functions
Creators: name: Moffat, E.
name: Melnitchouk, W.
name: Rogers, T. C.
name: Sato, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a comprehensive new Monte Carlo analysis of high-energy lepton-lepton, lepton-hadron and hadron-hadron scattering data to simultaneously determine parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the proton and parton to hadron fragmentation functions (FFs). The analysis includes all available semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering and single-inclusive $e^+ e^-$ annihilation data for pions, kaons and unidentified charged hadrons, which allows the flavor dependence of the fragmentation functions to be constrained. Employing a new multi-step fitting strategy and more flexible parametrizations for both PDFs and FFs, we assess the impact of different data sets on sea quark densities, and confirm the previously observed suppression of the strange quark distribution. The new fit, which we refer to as "JAM20-SIDIS", will allow for improved studies of universality of parton correlation functions, including transverse momentum dependent (TMD) distributions, across a wide variety of process, and the matching of collinear to TMD factorization descriptions.
description: 34 pages, 13 figures
An Economy-wide Analysis of Impacts on Taiwan of Reducing Tariff Escalation on Agriculture-Related Products in WTO Doha Round Negotiations
Creators: name: Lee, Huey-Lin
name: Chang, Ching-Cheng
name: Weng, Yung-Ho
name: Hsu, Sheng-Ming
name: Hsu, Shih-Hsun
name: Lee, Huey-Lin
name: Chang, Ching-Cheng
name: Weng, Yung-Ho
name: Hsu, Sheng-Ming
name: Hsu, Shih-Hsun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: tariff escalation
subject: tariff wedge
subject: computable general equilibrium model

description: Tariff escalation becomes one of the major issues in the new Doha Round negotiation because it is viewed as a stumbling block to the industrialization development for the developing countries. When tariffs on products escalate with the stage of processing, the effective rate of protection, or the tariff expressed as fractions of value-added after deducting intermediate inputs from product value, also increases. Thus, tariff escalation potentially signals high rates of protection for value-added or processed products, and can inhibit international trade in these goods. The major purpose of this study is to examine the degrees of tariff escalations in Taiwan's agriculture -related commodities and the economic consequences to reduce them. A simplified theoretical model is first established to illustrate the structural impacts and welfare implications of reducing tariff escalation. Then a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of Taiwan is applied to simulate the economy-wide impacts of three alternative reduction proposals. The model distinguishes 160 sectors, 6 types of labor, 8 types of margins and 160 commodities compiled from the Input-Output tables of 2004. Simulation results indicate that if welfare improvement is the major policy concern, then Taiwan should favor the reduction because it improves the overall welfare of Taiwan. However, if farmers' welfare is the major policy concern, then Taiwan should act against the reduction. In case the consensus to reduce tariff escalations has been determined, then the second-best choice would be to offer upstream industries relatively smaller tariff reduction rates than the downstream industries.
Some BMO estimates for vector-valued multilinear singular integral operators
Creators: name: Lanzhe, Liu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B20, 42B25

description: In this paper, we prove some BMO end-point estimates for some vector-valued multilinear operators related to certain singular integral operators.
description: 23 pages, no figures, no tables
On the frequency of height values
Creators: name: Dill, Gabriel Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G50

description: We count algebraic numbers of fixed degree $d$ and fixed (absolute multiplicative Weil) height $\mathcal{H}$ with precisely $k$ conjugates that lie inside the open unit disk. We also count the number of values up to $\mathcal{H}$ that the height assumes on algebraic numbers of degree $d$ with precisely $k$ conjugates that lie inside the open unit disk. For both counts, we do not obtain an asymptotic, but only a rough order of growth, which arises from an asymptotic for the logarithm of the counting function; for the first count, even this rough order of growth exists only if $k \in \{0,d\}$ or $\gcd(k,d) = 1$. We therefore study the behaviour in the case where $0 < k < d$ and $\gcd(k,d) > 1$ in more detail. We also count integer polynomials of fixed degree and fixed Mahler measure with a fixed number of complex zeroes inside the open unit disk (counted with multiplicities) and study the dynamical behaviour of the height function.
description: 31 pages, to appear in Research in Number Theory
Construction of time-varying ISS-Lyapunov Functions for Impulsive Systems
Creators: name: Bachmann, Patrick
name: Ahmed, Saeed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Time-varying ISS-Lyapunov functions for impulsive systems provide a necessary and sufficient condition for ISS. This property makes them a more powerful tool for stability analysis than classical candidate ISS-Lyapunov functions providing only a sufficient ISS condition. Moreover, time-varying ISS-Lyapunov functions cover systems with simultaneous instability in continuous and discrete dynamics for which candidate ISS-Lyapunov functions remain inconclusive. The present paper links these two concepts by suggesting a method of constructing time-varying ISS-Lyapunov functions from candidate ISS-Lyapunov functions, thereby effectively combining the ease of construction of candidate ISS-Lyapunov functions with the guaranteed existence of time-varying ISS-Lyapunov functions.
The Structure Model Based Determinants of Capital Structure: A Seemingly Unrelated Regression Model
Creators: name: Yan, Yan
name: Shi, Xiangdong
name: Barry, Peter J.
name: Paulson, Nicholas D.
name: Sherrick, Bruce J.
name: Yan, Yan
name: Shi, Xiangdong
name: Barry, Peter J.
name: Paulson, Nicholas D.
name: Sherrick, Bruce J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Structure Model
subject: Capital Structure
subject: Seemingly Unrelated Regression

description: This study proposed a seemingly unrelated regression model to investigate the predicting capability of the structure model and test the capital structure theories. The model considered dynamic property of the structure model and characteristics of farm records. FBFM data are used in empirical analysis. The regression results provide new supportive evidence on capital theories.
Coherent-incoherent transition in the sub-Ohmic spin-boson model
Creators: name: Chin, Alex
name: Turlakov, Misha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spin-boson model with a sub-Ohmic bath using a variational method. The transition from coherent dynamics to incoherent tunneling is found to be abrupt as a function of the coupling strength $α$ and to exist for any power $0 < s< 1$, where the bath coupling is described by $J(ω) \sim αω^{s}$. We find non-monotonic temperature dependence of the two-level gap $\tilde{K}$ and a re-entrance regime close to the transition due to non-adiabatic low-frequency bath modes. Differences between thermodynamic and dynamic conditions for the transition as well as the limitations of the simplified bath description are discussed.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Korean Consumers’ Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Domestic versus U.S. and Australian Beef with Alternative Attributes
Creators: name: Umberger, Wendy J.
name: Calkins, Chris R.
name: Umberger, Wendy J.
name: Calkins, Chris R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: In 2007, consumer focus groups and online surveys using choice sets were conducted to examine South Korean’s perceptions of and willingness-to-pay for Australian, U.S. and domestic beef. Consumers indicated higher positive perceptions of Australian beef than of U.S. beef, particularly in the area of environmentally friendly, cleanliness, standards and credibility; and thus Korean consumers discount Australian beef less than U.S. beef relative to domestic beef. The U.S. industry could improve perceptions and their country-image by providing Korean consumers with promotional material pointing out that U.S. beef production systems are comparable to competitors’ in terms of “environmental-friendliness” and other quality attributes.
Generalized Gravity and a Ghost
Creators: name: Chiba, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that generalized gravity theories involving the curvature invariants of the Ricci tensor and the Riemann tensor as well as the Ricci scalar are equivalent to multi- scalar-tensor gravities with four derivatives terms. By expanding the action around a vacuum spacetime, the action is reduced to that of the Einstein gravity with four derivative terms, and consequently there appears a massive spin-2 ghost in such generalized gravity theories in addition to a massive spin-0 field.
description: 8 pages, a reference added
Utilizing variational autoencoders in the Bayesian inverse problem of photoacoustic tomography
Creators: name: Sahlström, Teemu
name: Tarvainen, Tanja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62F15, 68T07, 92C55

description: There has been an increasing interest in utilizing machine learning methods in inverse problems and imaging. Most of the work has, however, concentrated on image reconstruction problems, and the number of studies regarding the full solution of the inverse problem is limited. In this work, we study a machine learning based approach for the Bayesian inverse problem of photoacoustic tomography. We develop an approach for estimating the posterior distribution in photoacoustic tomography using an approach based on the variational autoencoder. The approach is evaluated with numerical simulations and compared to the solution of the inverse problem using a Bayesian approach.
Australian Consumers' Concerns and Preferences for Food Policy Alternatives
Creators: name: Umberger, Wendy J.
name: Scott, Emily M.
name: Stringer, Randy
name: Umberger, Wendy J.
name: Scott, Emily M.
name: Stringer, Randy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: market failure
subject: consumers
subject: farmers markets
subject: labelling

description: Results from a 2007 Australian consumer survey conducted at a large farmers market are used to explore the hypothesis that consumers who are more concerned about certain types of food labeling information, particularly information related to food production attributes, are more likely to support policies which help develop farmers markets and support mandatory labeling policies. Product information and attributes such as Country-of-Origin, No Growth Hormones Used, Free Range and Animals Treated Humanely and Environmentally-friendly appear to be very important to consumers. It appears that respondents want increased government involvement in developing consistent food labelling standards for these attributes and support mandatory food labelling policies, however, respondents are split between whether third-parties or the Australian government should oversee regulation of the program. Some respondents appear to view a mandatory labelling policy as a method to improve competitiveness and sustainability of small food producers who want to use labelling to differentiate themselves. Respondents also tended to support the government subsidizing the development of farmers markets. Respondents viewed FM as an opportunity to gain additional information or purchase foods that have credence attributes such as pesticide-free. Thus, policies supporting FM may help alleviate market failures related to asymmetric information and lack of choice.
SPATIAL COMPETITION AND ETHANOL PLANT LOCATION DECISIONS
Creators: name: Sarmiento, Camilo
name: Wilson, William W.
name: Sarmiento, Camilo
name: Wilson, William W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: ethanol
subject: location decisions
subject: spatial correlation

description: This article estimates factors that impact location decisions by new ethanol plants using logistic regression analysis and spatial correlation techniques. The results indicate that location decisions are impacted by the agricultural characteristics of a county, competition, and state-level subsidies. Spatial competition is particularly important. Existence of a competing ethanol plant reduces the likelihood of making a positive location decision and this impact decreases with distance. State-level subsidies are significant and a very important factor impacting ethanol location decisions.
Fast Food, Addiction, and Market Power
Creators: name: Richards, Timothy J.
name: Patterson, Paul M.
name: Hamilton, Stephen F.
name: Richards, Timothy J.
name: Patterson, Paul M.
name: Hamilton, Stephen F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: addiction
subject: brand loyalty
subject: fast food
subject: generalized method of moments
subject: hedonic pricing
subject: nutrients
subject: shadow values

description: Many attribute the rise in obesity since the early 1980's to the overconsumption of fast food. A dynamic model of a different-product industry equilibrium shows that a firm with market power will price below marginal cost in a steady-state equilibrium. A spatial hedonic pricing model is used to test whether fast food firms set prices in order to exploit their inherent addictiveness. The results show that firms price products dense in addictive nutrients below marginal cost, but price products high in nonaddictive nutrients higher than would be the case in perfect competition.