cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The highest-frequency detection of a radio relic: 16-GHz AMI observations of the `Sausage' cluster
Creators: name: Stroe, Andra
name: Rumsey, Clare
name: Harwood, Jeremy J.
name: van Weeren, Reinout
name: Röttgering, Huub J. A.
name: Saunders, Richard D. E.
name: Sobral, David
name: Perrott, Yvette C.
name: Schammel, Michel P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observed the cluster CIZA J2242.8+5301 with the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager at $16$ GHz and present the first high radio-frequency detection of diffuse, non-thermal cluster emission. This cluster hosts a variety of bright, extended, steep-spectrum synchrotron-emitting radio sources, associated with the intra-cluster medium, called radio relics. Most notably, the northern, Mpc-wide, narrow relic provides strong evidence for diffusive shock acceleration in clusters. We detect a puzzling, flat-spectrum, diffuse extension of the southern relic, which is not visible in the lower radio-frequency maps. The northern radio relic is unequivocally detected and measures an integrated flux of $1.2\pm0.3$ mJy. While the low-frequency ($<2$ GHz) spectrum of the northern relic is well represented by a power-law, it clearly steepens towards $16$ GHz. This result is inconsistent with diffusive shock acceleration predictions of ageing plasma behind a uniform shock front. The steepening could be caused by an inhomogeneous medium with temperature/density gradients or by lower acceleration efficiencies of high energy electrons. Further modelling is necessary to explain the observed spectrum.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters. 5 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Looking for activity cycles in late-type Kepler stars using time-frequency analysis
Creators: name: Vida, K.
name: Oláh, K.
name: Szabó, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse light curves covering four years of 39 fast-rotating ($P_\mathrm{rot}< 1d$) late-type active stars from the Kepler database. Using time-frequency analysis (Short-Term Fourier-Transform), we find hints for activity cycles of 300-900 days at 9 targets from the changing typical latitude of the starspots, which, with the differential rotation of the stellar surface change the observed rotation period over the activity cycle. We also give a lowest estimation for the shear parameter of the differential rotation, which is ~0.001 for the cycling targets. These results populate the less studied, short period end of the rotation-cycle length relation.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Lines in higgledy-piggledy position
Creators: name: Fancsali, Szabolcs L.
name: Sziklai, Péter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 05B25, 51E20

description: We examine sets of lines in PG(d,F) meeting each hyperplane in a generator set of points. We prove that such a set has to contain at least 1.5d lines if the field F has more than 1.5d elements, and at least 2d-1 lines if the field F is algebraically closed. We show that suitable 2d-1 lines constitute such a set (if |F| > or = 2d-1), proving that the lower bound is tight over algebraically closed fields. At last, we will see that the strong (s,A) subspace designs constructed by Guruswami and Kopparty have better (smaller) parameter A than one would think at first sight.
description: 17 pages
Double accumulation and anisotropic transport of magneto-elastic bosons in yttrium iron garnet films
Creators: name: Frey, Pascal
name: Bozhko, Dmytro A.
name: L'vov, Victor S.
name: Hillebrands, Burkard
name: Serga, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interaction between quasiparticles of a different nature, such as magnons and phonons in a magnetic medium, leads to the mixing of their properties and the formation of hybrid states in the areas of intersection of individual spectral branches. We recently reported the discovery of a new phenomenon mediated by the magnon-phonon interaction: the spontaneous bottleneck accumulation of magneto-elastic bosons under electromagnetic pumping of pure magnons into a ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet film. Here, by studying the transport properties of the accumulated magneto-elastic bosons, we reveal that such accumulation occurs in two frequency-distant groups of quasiparticles: quasi-phonons and quasi-magnons. They propagate with different speeds in different directions relative to the magnetization field. The theoretical model we propose qualitatively describes the double accumulation effect, and the analysis of the two-dimensional spectrum of quasiparticles in the hybridization region allows us to determine the wavevectors and frequencies of each of the groups.
Mobility versus quality in 2D semiconductor structures
Creators: name: Sarma, S. Das
name: Hwang, E. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider theoretically effects of random charged impurity disorder on the {\it quality} of high-mobility two dimensional (2D) semiconductor structures, explicitly demonstrating that the sample mobility is not necessarily a reliable or universal indicator of the sample quality in high-mobility modulation-doped 2D GaAs structures because, depending on the specific system property of interest, mobility and quality may be controlled by different aspects of the underlying disorder distribution, particularly since these systems are dominated by long-range Coulomb disorder from both near and far random quenched charged impurities. We show that in the presence of both channel and remote charged impurity scattering, which is a generic situation in modulation-doped high-mobility 2D carrier systems, it is quite possible for higher (lower) mobility structures to have lower (higher) quality as measured by the disorder-induced single-particle level broadening. In particular, we establish that there is no reason to expect a unique relationship between mobility and quality in 2D semiconductor structures as both are independent functionals of the disorder distribution, and are therefore, in principle, independent of each other. Using a simple, but reasonably realistic, ``2-impurity'' minimal model of the disorder distribution, we provide concrete examples of situations where higher (lower) mobilities correspond to lower (higher) sample qualities. We discuss experimental implications of our theoretical results and comment on possible strategies for future improvement of 2D sample quality.
description: 20 pages, 17 figures
Spacetime geometry of spin, polarization, and wavefunction collapse
Creators: name: Beil, Charlie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To incorporate quantum nonlocality into general relativity, we propose that the preparation and measurement of a quantum system are simultaneous events. To make progress in realizing this proposal, we introduce a spacetime geometry that is endowed with particles which have no distinct points in their worldlines; we call these particles 'pointons'. This new geometry recently arose in nonnoetherian algebraic geometry. We show that on such a spacetime, metrics are degenerate and tangent spaces have variable dimension. This variability then implies that pointons are spin-$\tfrac 12$ fermions that satisfy the Born rule, where a projective measurement of spin corresponds to an actual projection of tangent spaces of different dimensions. Furthermore, the $4$-velocities of pointons are necessarily replaced by their Hodge duals, and this transfer from vector to pseudo-tensor introduces a free choice of orientation that we identify with electric charge. Finally, a simple composite model of electrons and photons results from the metric degeneracy, and from this we obtain a new ontological model of photon polarization.
description: 24 pages
From nuclear reactions to compact stars: a unified approach
Creators: name: Basu, D. N.
name: Chowdhury, Partha Roy
name: Mishra, Abhishek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An equation of state (EoS) for symmetric nuclear matter is constructed using the density dependent M3Y effective interaction and extended for isospin asymmetric nuclear matter. Theoretically obtained values of symmetric nuclear matter incompressibility, isobaric incompressibility, symmetry energy and its slope agree well with experimentally extracted values. Folded microscopic potentials using this effective interaction, whose density dependence is determined from nuclear matter calculations, provide excellent descriptions for proton, alpha and cluster radioactivities, elastic and inelastic scattering. The nuclear deformation parameters extracted from inelastic scattering of protons agree well with other available results. The high density behavior of symmetric and asymmetric nuclear matter satisfies the constraints from the observed flow data of heavy-ion collisions. The neutron star properties studied using $β$-equilibrated neutron star matter obtained from this effective interaction for pure hadronic model agree with the recent observations of the massive compact stars such as PSR J1614-2230, but if a phase transition to quark matter is considered such agreement is no longer possible.
description: 17 pages including 12 figures and 6 tables. To be published in Eur. Phys. J. Plus (2014) 129. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1309.6793, arXiv:1111.4617, arXiv:0707.4620, arXiv:0905.1599, arXiv:0907.5350, arXiv:nucl-th/0407001; and text overlap with arXiv:0709.0900 by other authors
Outsourcing Authentication, Authorization and Accounting, and Charging and Billing Services to Trusted Third Parties for Future Consumer-Oriented Wireless Communications
Creators: name: GANCHEV, IVAN
name: O DROMA, MAIRTIN
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: Information and computing sciences

description: In this article, proposals for the realization of an infrastructural re-think on the way authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA) services and charging and billing (C&B) services are supplied within the ubiquitous consumer wireless world (UCWW) are set out. Proposals envisage these services being owned and organized by trusted third parties (TTPs) and utilizing new globally standardized protocols and infrastructural entity interfaces. Their implementation will affect a successful realization of the UCWW’s consumer-based techno-business infrastructure, complementing or even replacing the present legacy network-centric, subscriber-based one. The approach enables a loose dynamic, or even casual, consumer-type association between consumers (mobile users) and network/teleservice providers, and it opens the door to multifaceted benefits for consumers, for new network/teleservice providers, and for other new UCWW business entities in addition to the 3P-AAA and 3P-C&B service providers at the heart of this article’s proposals.
Additional file 1 of Mutational profiling of micro-dissected pre-malignant lesions from archived specimens
Creators: name: Nachmanson, Daniela
name: Steward, Joseph
name: Huazhen Yao
name: Officer, Adam
name: Jeong, Eliza
name: O’Keefe, Thomas J.
name: Hasteh, Farnaz
name: Jepsen, Kristen
name: Hirst, Gillian L.
name: Esserman, Laura J.
name: Borowsky, Alexander D.
name: Harismendy, Olivier
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary tables.
Connecting Spiking Neurons to a Spiking Memristor Network Changes the Memristor Dynamics
Creators: name: Gater, Deborah
name: Iqbal, Attya
name: Davey, Jeffrey
name: Gale, Ella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 92C-06, 94C-06

description: Memristors have been suggested as neuromorphic computing elements. Spike-time dependent plasticity and the Hodgkin-Huxley model of the neuron have both been modelled effectively by memristor theory. The d.c. response of the memristor is a current spike. Based on these three facts we suggest that memristors are well-placed to interface directly with neurons. In this paper we show that connecting a spiking memristor network to spiking neuronal cells causes a change in the memristor network dynamics by: removing the memristor spikes, which we show is due to the effects of connection to aqueous medium; causing a change in current decay rate consistent with a change in memristor state; presenting more-linear $I-t$ dynamics; and increasing the memristor spiking rate, as a consequence of interaction with the spiking neurons. This demonstrates that neurons are capable of communicating directly with memristors, without the need for computer translation.
description: Conference paper, 4 pages
A z=2.5 protocluster associated with the radio galaxy MRC 2104-242: star formation and differing mass functions in dense environments
Creators: name: Cooke, E. A.
name: Hatch, N. A.
name: Muldrew, S. I.
name: Rigby, E. E.
name: Kurk, J. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from a narrow-band survey of the field around the high redshift radio galaxy MRC 2104-242. We have selected Halpha emitters in a 7sq.arcmin field and compared the measured number density with that of a field sample at similar redshift. We find that MRC 2104-242 lies in an overdensity of galaxies that is 8.0 +/- 0.8 times the average density of a blank field, suggesting it resides in a large-scale structure that may eventually collapse to form a massive cluster. We find that there is more dust obscured star formation in the protocluster galaxies than in similarly selected control field galaxies and there is tentative evidence of a higher fraction of starbursting galaxies in the denser environment. However, on average we do not find a difference between the star formation rate (SFR)-mass relations of the protocluster and field galaxies and so conclude that the SFR of these galaxies at z~2.5 is governed predominantly by galaxy mass and not the host environment. We also find that the stellar mass distribution of the protocluster galaxies is skewed towards higher masses and there is a significant lack of galaxies at M < 10^10Msun within our small field of view. Based on the level of overdensity we expect to find ~22 star forming galaxies below 10^10Msun in the protocluster and do not detect any. This lack of low mass galaxies affects the level of overdensity which we detect. If we only consider high mass (M > 10^10.5Msun) galaxies, the density of the protocluster field increases to ~55 times the control field density.
description: 14 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Multifractal analyses of daily rainfall time series in Pearl River basin of China
Creators: name: Yu, Zu-Guo
name: Leung, Yee
name: Chen, Yongqin David
name: Zhang, Qiang
name: Anh, Vo
name: Zhou, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multifractal properties of daily rainfall time series at the stations in Pearl River basin of China over periods of up to 45 years are examined using the universal multifractal approach based on the multiplicative cascade model and the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA). The results from these two kinds of multifractal analyses show that the daily rainfall time series in this basin have multifractal behavior in two different time scale ranges. It is found that the empirical multifractal moment function $K(q)$ of the daily rainfall time series can be fitted very well by the universal mulitifractal model (UMM). The estimated values of the conservation parameter $H$ from UMM for these daily rainfall data are close to zero indicating that they correspond to conserved fields. After removing the seasonal trend in the rainfall data, the estimated values of the exponent $h(2)$ from MF-DFA indicate that the daily rainfall time series in Pearl River basin exhibit no long-term correlations. It is also found that $K(2)$ and elevation series are negatively correlated. It shows a relationship between topography and rainfall variability.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, accepted by Physica A
Additional file 1 of Common and unique multimodal covarying patterns in autism spectrum disorder subtypes
Creators: name: Qi, Shile
name: Morris, Robin
name: Turner, Jessica A.
name: Zening Fu
name: Rongtao Jiang
name: Deramus, Thomas P.
name: Dongmei Zhi
name: Calhoun, Vince D.
name: Sui, Jing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. The identified ADOS-associated joint component in Asperger’s subgroup. Figure S2. The identified ADOS-associated joint component in PDD-NOS subgroup. Figure S3. The identified ADOS-associated joint component in Autistic subgroup. Figure S4. Reproducibility across sites by leave-one-site-out. Table S1. Sites information for ABIDE II and ABIDE I for ASD participants. Table S2. Correlation between ADOS and other clinical scores. Table S3. Demographic and clinical information comparing patients and controls. Table S4. Group difference with TDC of some clinical measures in ABIDEII. Table S5. Anatomical information of ASD related multimodal brain areas associated with ADOS. Table S6. Anatomical information of Asperger’s related multimodal brain areas associated with ADOS. Table S7. Anatomical information of PDD-NOS related multimodal brain areas associated with ADOS. Table S8. Anatomical information of Autistic related multimodal brain areas associated with ADOS. Table S9. The partial correlations between components’ loadings and ADOS after regressing out FD. Table S10. The partial correlations between components and ADOS after regressing out both TR and site. Table S11. Group difference with TDC of the identified component after controlling age, handedness, FIQ. Table S12. Correlation between subtype-related components with age and the mean FD. None of them is significant. Table S13. Correlation between ADOS and subtype components by projecting from ABIDE II to ABIDE I cohort.
Conelike radiant structures
Creators: name: Fox, Daniel J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Analogues of the classical affine-projective correspondence are developed in the context of statistical manifolds compatible with a radiant vector field. These utilize a formulation of Einstein equations for special statistical structures that generalizes the usual Einstein equations for pseudo-Riemannian metrics and is of independent interest. A conelike radiant structure is a not necessarily flat affine connection equipped with a family of surfaces that behave like the intersections of the planes through the origin with a convex cone in a real vector space. A radiant structure is a torsion-free affine connection and a vector field whose covariant derivative is the identity endomorphism. A radiant structure is conelike if for every point and every two-dimensional subspace containing the radiant vector field there is a totally geodesic surface tangent to the subspace at the point. Such structures exist on the total space of any principal bundle with one-dimensional fiber and on any Lie group with a quadratic structure on its Lie algebra. The affine connection of a conelike radiant structure can be canonically normalized to have antisymmetric Ricci tensor. The compatibility of radiant and conelike structures with metrics is investigated and yields connections for which the symmetrized Ricci curvature is a constant multiple of a compatible metric that generalizes well-known constructions of Riemannian and Lorentzian Einstein-Weyl structures over Kähler-Einstein manifolds having nonzero scalar curvature. Einstein equations for special statistical manifolds are given that generalize the Einstein-Weyl equations and encompass these more general examples. There are constructed left-invariant conelike radiant structures on a Lie group endowed with a left-invariant nondegenerate bilinear form, and the case of three-dimensional unimodular Lie groups is described in detail.
description: v4: Introduction revised to provide more context. Section 9 revised to improve readability and some material added for completeness
A multi-method approach to radial-velocity measurement for single-object spectra
Creators: name: David, M.
name: Blomme, R.
name: Frémat, Y.
name: Damerdji, Y.
name: Luche, C. Delle
name: Gosset, E.
name: Katz, D.
name: Viala, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The derivation of radial velocities from large numbers of spectra that typically result from survey work, requires automation. However, except for the classical cases of slowly rotating late-type spectra, existing methods of measuring Doppler shifts require fine-tuning to avoid a loss of accuracy due to the idiosyncrasies of individual spectra. The radial velocity spectrometer (RVS) on the Gaia mission, which will start operating very soon, prompted a new attempt at creating a measurement pipeline to handle a wide variety of spectral types. The present paper describes the theoretical background on which this software is based. However, apart from the assumption that only synthetic templates are used, we do not rely on any of the characteristics of this instrument, so our results should be relevant for most telescope-detector combinations. We propose an approach based on the simultaneous use of several alternative measurement methods, each having its own merits and drawbacks, and conveying the spectral information in a different way, leading to different values for the measurement. A comparison or a combination of the various results either leads to a "best estimate" or indicates to the user that the observed spectrum is problematic and should be analysed manually. We selected three methods and analysed the relationships and differences between them from a unified point of view; with each method an appropriate estimator for the individual random error is chosen. We also develop a procedure for tackling the problem of template mismatch in a systematic way. Furthermore, we propose several tests for studying and comparing the performance of the various methods as a function of the atmospheric parameters of the observed objects. Finally, we describe a procedure for obtaining a knowledge-based combination of the various Doppler-shift measurements.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 2 of High-throughput screening identifies histone deacetylase inhibitors that modulate GTF2I expression in 7q11.23 microduplication autism spectrum disorder patient-derived cortical neurons
Creators: name: Cavallo, Francesca
name: Troglio, Flavia
name: Fagà, Giovanni
name: Fancelli, Daniele
name: Shyti, Reinald
name: Trattaro, Sebastiano
name: Zanella, Matteo
name: D’Agostino, Giuseppe
name: Hughes, James M.
name: Cera, Maria Rosaria
name: Pasi, Maurizio
name: Gabriele, Michele
name: Lazzarin, Maddalena
name: Mihailovich, Marija
name: Kooy, Frank
name: Rosa, Alessandro
name: Mercurio, Ciro
name: Varasi, Mario
name: Testa, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Neuronal marker expression and Sholl analysis in NGN2 neurons.
An analytical model for tidal evolution in co-orbital systems $\,$I. Application to exoplanets
Creators: name: Couturier, Jérémy
name: Robutel, Philippe
name: Correia, Alexandre C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Close-in co-orbital planets (in a 1:1 mean motion resonance) can experience strong tidal interactions with the central star. Here, we develop an analytical model adapted to the study of the tidal evolution of those systems. We use a Hamiltonian version of the constant time-lag tidal model, which extends the Hamiltonian formalism developed for the point-mass case. We show that co-orbital systems undergoing tidal dissipation either favour the Lagrange or the anti-Lagrange configurations, depending on the system parameters. However, for all range of parameters and initial conditions, both configurations become unstable, although the timescale for the destruction of the system can be larger than the lifetime of the star. We provide an easy-to-use criterion to determine if an already known close-in exoplanet may have an undetected co-orbital companion.
Stabilization of a nonlinear bullet coexisting with a Bose-Einstein condensate in a rapidly cooled magnonic system driven by a spin-orbit torque
Creators: name: Schneider, Michael
name: Breitbach, David
name: Serha, Rostyslav O.
name: Wang, Qi
name: Mohseni, Morteza
name: Serga, Alexander A.
name: Slavin, Andrei N.
name: Tiberkevich, Vasyl S.
name: Heinz, Björn
name: Brächer, Thomas
name: Lägel, Bert
name: Dubs, Carsten
name: Knauer, Sebastian
name: Dobrovolskiy, Oleksandr V.
name: Pirro, Philipp
name: Hillebrands, Burkard
name: Chumak, Andrii V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have recently shown that injection of magnons into a magnetic dielectric via the spin-orbit torque (SOT) effect in the adjacent layer of a heavy metal subjected to the action of short (0.1 $μ$s) current pulses allows for control of a magnon Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC). Here, the BEC was formed in the process of rapid cooling (RC), when the electric current heating the sample is abruptly terminated. In the present study, we show that the application of a longer (1.0 $μ$s) electric current pulse triggers the formation of a nonlinear localized magnonic bullet below the linear magnon spectrum. After pulse termination, the magnon BEC, as before, is formed at the bottom of the linear spectrum, but the nonlinear bullet continues to exist, stabilized for additional 30 ns by the same process of RC-induced magnon condensation. Our results suggest that a stimulated condensation of excess magnons to all highly populated magnonic states occurs.
Waving transport and propulsion in a generalized Newtonian fluid
Creators: name: Vélez-Cordero, J. Rodrigo
name: Lauga, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cilia and flagella are hair-like appendages that protrude from the surface of a variety of eukaryotic cells and deform in a wavelike fashion to transport fluids and propel cells. Motivated by the ubiquity of non-Newtonian fluids in biology, we address mathematically the role of shear-dependent viscosities on both the waving flagellar locomotion and ciliary transport by metachronal waves. Using a two-dimensional waving sheet as model for the kinematics of a flagellum or an array of cilia, and allowing for both normal and tangential deformation of the sheet, we calculate the flow field induced by a small-amplitude deformation of the sheet in a generalized Newtonian Carreau fluid up to order four in the dimensionless waving amplitude. Shear-thinning and shear-thickening fluids are seen to always induce opposite effects. When the fluid is shear-thinning, the rate of working of the sheet against the fluid is always smaller than in the Newtonian fluid, and the largest gain is obtained for antiplectic metachronal waves. Considering a variety of deformation kinematics for the sheet, we further show that in all cases transport by the sheet is more efficiency in a shear-thinning fluid, and in most cases the transport speed in the fluid is also increased. Comparing the order of magnitude of the shear-thinning contributions with past work on elastic effects as well as the magnitude of the Newtonian contributions, our theoretical results suggest that the impact of shear-dependent viscosities on transport could play a major biological role.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures, presented in the 65st Annual Meeting of the Division of Fluids Dynamics of the American Physical Society, San Diego 2012
Additional file 1 of Physiological response to prone positioning in intubated adults with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective study
Creators: name: Boffi, Andrea
name: Ravenel, Maximilien
name: Lupieri, Ermes
name: Schneider, Antoine
name: Liaudet, Lucas
name: Gonzalez, Michel
name: Chiche, Jean-Daniel
name: Piquilloud, Lise
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Physiological, ventilatory and hemodynamic data for all the sessions considered together (n=191) and for the first (n=42), the second (n=37), the third (n=31), the fourth (n=18) and the fifth (n=14) proning sessions). Table S2. Variations in physiological and ventilatory parameters during the fourth (n=18), the fifth (n=14) proning sessions. Comparisons between the success and failure group.
Harmonic inversion analysis of exceptional points in resonance spectra
Creators: name: Fuchs, Jacob
name: Main, Jörg
name: Cartarius, Holger
name: Wunner, Günter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectra of, e.g. open quantum systems are typically given as the superposition of resonances with a Lorentzian line shape, where each resonance is related to a simple pole in the complex energy domain. However, at exceptional points two or more resonances are degenerate and the resulting non-Lorentzian line shapes are related to higher order poles in the complex energy domain. In the Fourier-transform time domain an $n$-th order exceptional point is characterised by a non-exponentially decaying time signal given as the product of an exponential function and a polynomial of degree $n-1$. The complex positions and amplitudes of the non-degenerate resonances can be determined with high accuracy by application of the nonlinear harmonic inversion method to the real-valued resonance spectra. We extend the harmonic inversion method to include the analysis of exceptional points. The technique yields, in the energy domain, the amplitudes of the higher order poles contributing to the spectra, and, in the time domain, the coefficients of the polynomial characterising the non-exponential decay of the time signal. The extended harmonic inversion method is demonstrated on two examples, viz. the analysis of exceptional points in resonance spectra of the hydrogen atom in crossed magnetic and electric fields, and an exceptional point occurring in the dynamics of a single particle in a time-dependent harmonic trap.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures, submitted to J. Phys. A
Entropic gravity versus gravitational pseudotensors in static spherically symmetric spacetimes
Creators: name: Mehdipour, S. Hamid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present some well-known energy-momentum complexes and evaluate the gravitational energy associated with static spherically symmetric spacetimes. In fact, the energy distribution of the aforementioned gravitational background that is contained in a two-sphere of radius $r$ shows that a test particle situated at a finite distance $r$ experiences the gravitational field of the effective gravitational mass. In addition, we apply Verlinde's entropic gravity to find the emergent gravitational energy on static spherically symmetric screens. In this setup, we find that the energy distribution in the prescription of Møller is similar to the energy derived from the emergent gravity, while other prescriptions give the different results. This result may confirm the argument of Lessner who argues that Møller's definition of energy is a powerful concept of energy in General Relativity.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in Astrophys. Space Sci
Explicit RIP matrices: an update
Creators: name: Ford, Kevin
name: Kutzarova, Denka
name: Shakan, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 11B30, 11B13, 94A20

description: Leveraging recent advances in additive combinatorics, we exhibit explicit matrices satisfying the Restricted Isometry Property with better parameters. Namely, for $\varepsilon=3.26\cdot 10^{-7}$, large $k$ and $k^{2-\varepsilon} \le N\le k^{2+\varepsilon}$, we construct $n \times N$ RIP matrices of order $k$ with $k = Ω( n^{1/2+\varepsilon/4} )$.
description: Minor corrections
Additional file 1 of Health-related quality of life in people with predementia Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment or dementia measured with preference-based instruments: a systematic literature review
Creators: name: Landeiro, Filipa
name: Mughal, Seher
name: Walsh, Katie
name: Nye, Elsbeth
name: Morton, Jasmine
name: Williams, Harriet
name: Ghinai, Isaac
name: Yovanna Castro
name: Leal, José
name: Roberts, Nia
name: Wace, Helena
name: Handels, Ron
name: Lecomte, Pascal
name: Gustavsson, Anders
name: Emilse Roncancio-Diaz
name: Belger, Mark
name: Gurleen S. Jhuti
name: Bouvy, Jacoline C.
name: Potashman, Michele H.
name: Tockhorn-Heidenreich, Antje
name: Gray, Alastair M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Landeiro HR QOL SLR appendices. Additional back-up information to support the main paper.
Quantum Systems at the Brink: Existence of Bound States, Critical Potentials and Dimensionality
Creators: name: Hundertmark, Dirk
name: Jex, Michal
name: Lange, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the crucial properties of a quantum system is the existence of bound states. While the existence of eigenvalues below zero, i.e., below the essential spectrum, is well understood, the situation of zero energy bound states at the edge of the essential spectrum is far less understood. We present necessary and sufficient conditions for Schrödinger operators to have a zero energy bound state. Our sharp criteria show that the existence and non-existence of zero energy ground states depends strongly on the dimension and the asymptotic behavior of the potential. There is a spectral phase transition with dimension four being critical.
description: 30 pages
Comment on "Kinetic theory for a mobile impurity in a degenerate Tonks-Girardeau gas"
Creators: name: Schecter, Michael
name: Kamenev, Alex
name: Gangardt, Dimitri M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper, arxiv:1402.6362, Gamayun, Lychkovskiy, and Cheianov studied the dynamics of a mobile impurity embedded into a one-dimensional Tonks-Girardeau gas of strongly interacting bosons. Employing the Boltzmann equation approach, they arrived at the following main conclusions: (i) a light impurity, being accelerated by a constant force does not exhibit Bloch oscillations; (ii) a heavy impurity does undergo Bloch oscillations, accompanied by a drift with the velocity proportional to the square root of force. In this comment we argue that the result (i) is an artifact of the classical Boltzmann approximation, which misses the formation of the (quasi) bound-state between the impurity and a hole. Result (ii), while not valid at asymptotically small force, indeed reflects an interesting intermediate-force behavior. Here we clarify its limits of applicability and extend beyond the Tonks-Girardeau limit.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure
Upgrading Noise Performance of 52 MHz RF Cavity $\#$B in the HERA-p Machine
Creators: name: Ivanov, S.
name: Lebedev, O.
name: Wagner, R.
name: DESY
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2003

description: DESY Technical Note (2003).
Vulnerabilities and Attacks Against Industrial Control Systems and Critical Infrastructures
Creators: name: Makrakis, Georgios Michail
name: Kolias, Constantinos
name: Kambourakis, Georgios
name: Rieger, Craig
name: Benjamin, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Critical infrastructures (CI) and industrial organizations aggressively move towards integrating elements of modern Information Technology (IT) into their monolithic Operational Technology (OT) architectures. Yet, as OT systems progressively become more and more interconnected, they silently have turned into alluring targets for diverse groups of adversaries. Meanwhile, the inherent complexity of these systems, along with their advanced-in-age nature, prevents defenders from fully applying contemporary security controls in a timely manner. Forsooth, the combination of these hindering factors has led to some of the most severe cybersecurity incidents of the past years. This work contributes a full-fledged and up-to-date survey of the most prominent threats against Industrial Control Systems (ICS) along with the communication protocols and devices adopted in these environments. Our study highlights that threats against CI follow an upward spiral due to the mushrooming of commodity tools and techniques that can facilitate either the early or late stages of attacks. Furthermore, our survey exposes that existing vulnerabilities in the design and implementation of several of the OT-specific network protocols may easily grant adversaries the ability to decisively impact physical processes. We provide a categorization of such threats and the corresponding vulnerabilities based on various criteria. As far as we are aware, this is the first time an exhaustive and detailed survey of this kind is attempted.
Firm competition in a probabilistic framework of consumer choice
Creators: name: Liao, Hao
name: Xiao, Rui
name: Chen, Duanbing
name: Medo, Matus
name: Zhang, Yi-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Trading and Market Microstructure (q-fin.TR)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a probabilistic consumer choice framework based on information asymmetry between consumers and firms. This framework makes it possible to study market competition of several firms by both quality and price of their products. We find Nash market equilibria and other optimal strategies in various situations ranging from competition of two identical firms to firms of different sizes and firms which improve their efficiency.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Floquet Topological States in Shaking Optical Lattices
Creators: name: Zheng, Wei
name: Zhai, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we propose realistic schemes to realize topologically nontrivial Floquet states by shaking optical lattices, using both one-dimension lattice and two-dimensional honeycomb lattice as examples. The topological phase in the two-dimensional model exhibits quantum anomalous Hall effect. The transition between topological trivial and nontrivial states can be easily controlled by shaking frequency and amplitude. Our schemes have two major advantages. First, both the static Hamiltonian and the shaking scheme are sufficiently simple to implement. Secondly, it requires relatively small shaking amplitude and therefore heating can be minimized. These two advantages make our scheme much more practical.
description: 6 pages including supplementary materials, 3 figures
New weakly-coupled forces hidden in low-energy QCD
Creators: name: Tulin, Sean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Is it possible to detect a new weakly-coupled force at the QCD scale that interacts primarily with quarks? This work investigates experimental signatures of a new MeV - GeV gauge boson that couples to baryon number, with attention to the 100 MeV - GeV mass range that is the regime of nonperturbative QCD. Such a state can be searched for in rare radiative decays of light mesons ($η, η^\prime, ϕ, ω$) as a $π^0 γ$ resonance, which is its leading decay mode from 140 - 620 MeV. This is a new discovery window for forces beyond the Standard Model that is not covered by existing dark photon searches.
description: 14 pages
Additional file 1 of Functioning of young patients with cerebral palsy: Rasch analysis of the pediatric evaluation of disability inventory computer adaptive test daily activity and mobility
Creators: name: Maíra Ferreira Amaral
name: Sampaio, Rosana Ferreira
name: Coster, Wendy Jane
name: Souza, Mariana Peixoto
name: Mancini, Marisa Cotta
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Science Policy
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. List of PEDI-CAT Daily Activities and Mobility items and indication of their use in the data analysis.
Magnetic anisotropy of the van der Waals ferromagnet Cr$_2$Ge$_2$Te$_6$ studied by angular-dependent XMCD
Creators: name: Suzuki, M.
name: Gao, B.
name: Shibata, G.
name: Sakamoto, S.
name: Nonaka, Y.
name: Ikeda, K.
name: Chi, Z.
name: Wan, Y. -X.
name: Takeda, T.
name: Takeda, Y.
name: Koide, T.
name: Tanaka, A.
name: Kobayashi, M.
name: Cheong, S. -W.
name: Fujimori, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The van der Waals ferromagnet Cr$_2$Ge$_2$Te$_6$ (CGT) has a two-dimensional crystal structure where each layer is stacked through van der Waals force. We have investigated the nature of the ferromagnetism and the weak perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of CGT by means of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) studies of CGT single crystals. The XMCD spectra at the Cr $L_{2,3}$ edge for different magnetic field directions were analyzed on the basis of the cluster-model multiplet calculation. The Cr valence is confirmed to be 3+ and the orbital magnetic moment is found to be nearly quenched, as expected for the high-spin $t_{2g}$$^3$ configuration of the Cr$^{3+}$ ion. A large ($\sim 0.2$ eV) trigonal crystal-field splitting of the $t_{2g}$ level caused by the distortion of the CrTe$_6$ octahedron has been revealed, while the single-ion anisotropy (SIA) of the Cr atom is found to have a sign {\it opposite} to the observed PMA and too weak compared to the reported anisotropy energy. The present result suggests that anisotropic exchange coupling between the Cr atoms through the ligand Te $5p$ orbitals having strong spin-orbit coupling has to be invoked to explain the weak PMA of CGT, as in the case of the strong PMA of CrI$_3$.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
Proton acceleration by a relativistic laser frequency-chirp driven plasma snowplow
Creators: name: Sahai, Aakash A.
name: Katsouleas, T. C.
name: Bingham, R. A.
name: Tsung, F. S.
name: Tableman, A. R.
name: Tzoufras, M.
name: Mori, W. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the use of a relativistic laser pulse with a controlled frequency chirp incident on a rising plasma density gradient to drive an acceleration structure for proton and light-ion acceleration. The Chirp Induced Transparency Acceleration (ChITA) scheme is described with an analytical model of the velocity of the snowplow at critical density on a pre-formed rising plasma density gradient that is driven by a positive-chirp in the frequency of a relativistic laser pulse. The velocity of the ChITA-snowplow is shown to depend upon rate of rise of the frequency of the relativistic laser pulse represented by $\frac{ε_0}θ$ where, $ε_0 = \frac{Δω_0}{ω_0}$ and chirping spatial scale-length, $θ$, the normalized magnetic vector potential of the laser pulse $a_0$ and the plasma density gradient scale-length, $α$. We observe using 1-D OSIRIS simulations the formation and forward propagation of ChITA-snowplow, being continuously pushed by the chirping laser at a velocity in accordance with the analytical results. The trace protons reflect off of this propagating snowplow structure and accelerate mono-energetically. The control over ChITA-snowplow velocity allows the tuning of accelerated proton energies.
description: Proceedings of IPAC2012, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, pp.2654-2656, 07 Accelerator Technology and Main Systems, T25 Lasers, ISBN 978-3-95450-115-1. http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/accelconf/ipac2012/papers/weppd059.pdf
A simple but rigorous micro-macro transition
Creators: name: Dreyer, Wolfgang
name: Herrmann, Michael
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Micro-macro transitions
subject: Multiscale problems
subject: Young measures
subject: 35D05

description: This paper is devoted to a case study of micro-macro transitions. The main objective is the mathematically rigorous description of the macroscopic behavior of highly oscillating microscopic variables. In particular, we show that the theory of Young measures provides an elegant approach to this problem. A nontrivial application of the results is given in WIAS-Preprint 724.