cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Metacognition and cravings during smoking cessation
Creators: name: Nosen, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Nicotine cravings are important predictors of smoking cessation difficulty and relapse. Metacognitive models suggest that the ways people think about and respond to cravings may affect how severe cravings become. Specifically, appraising cravings to mean something awful about oneself or one’s quit attempt (i.e., as meaning one is weak-willed, destined to fail, or out of control) is predicted to increase distress. Negative affect is then theorized to trigger further craving and motivate unhelpful coping responses such as thought suppression and rumination. The present study examined evidence for this metacognitive model using an experimental paradigm. One hundred and seventy-six adult smokers participated in two lab sessions either during or preceding a cessation attempt; during the first session, participants received metacognitive, control or no psychoeducation. Dependent variables were assessed using ecological momentary assessment and questionnaires four days later. Metacognitive models predict that overly negative beliefs increase cravings and withdrawal-related distress. Consistent with this hypothesis, metacognitive beliefs correlated with increased distress and withdrawal symptoms among both continuing smokers and active quitters. Providing psychoeducation challenging maladaptive beliefs about cravings did not causally impact craving or smoking four days later, but psychoeducation was associated with differential diurnal variation in cravings. Specifically, abstinent smokers experienced lower cravings early and later in the day if they received metacognitive psychoeducation. An alternative directional hypothesis suggests that withdrawal symptoms increase beliefs. Consistent with this, changes in negative affect predicted changes in metacognitive beliefs. Quitting smoking did not causally impact beliefs, but successfully abstinent smokers showed a greater decline in overly negative craving interpretations. Regarding metacognitive responses, cessation increased use of reappraisal, distraction and suppression, but there were no differences in strategies used by successful and unsuccessful abstainers. Only rumination predicted smoking one month later. Overall, results provide partial support for metacognitive models. Causal effects of beliefs on withdrawal symptoms (and vice versa) were not detected but nonexperimental results imply a bidirectional relationship. Future research on rumination and certain types of metacognitive beliefs is warranted. Examination of clinical applications of metacognitive models would also be valuable, particularly among depressed smokers or as an adjunct to behavioural approaches to smoking cessation.
“We’re stronger as a family”: Family experiences and relationships in an adapted physical activity camp
Creators: name: Youngblood, Jessica
name: McDonough, Meghan H.
name: Condliffe, Elizabeth G.
name: Legg, David
name: Emery, Carolyn A.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2023
Subjects: Disability
Children
Adolescents
Family relationships
Adapted recreation
Qualitative inquiry

description: Adapted recreation programs involving the entire family may offer ways to enhance relationships in families with a child living with a disability because they enable participating together in new and potentially empowering experiences. This study examined family members’ perspectives on their lived experiences with their relationships within their family and how they perceived they were affected by their participation in an adapted summer camp for families with a child living with a disability. We conducted a collective case study with five families who participated in a week-long camp. A focus group was conducted with each family and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Participation in the camp impacted family relationships by reducing isolation for mothers; alleviating stress and anxiety which helped families bond; providing shared experience which led to mutual understanding, communication, and support; improving independence and confidence of the child living with a disability; facilitating sibling bonding and parent comfort with giving siblings more responsibility; and enhancing families’ confidence to participate in family activities beyond the camp. These findings elucidate how participation in this type of program can impact relationships in families that include a child living with a disability and inform future program design.
But-prefacing for Refocusing in Public Questioning and Answering
Creators: name: Choe, Ann Tai
name: Reddington, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Questions and answers
Audiences
Conversation analysis
Applied linguistics

description: In this paper, we focus on a special use of but in interactions in which those doing the questioning and answering are accountable for producing talk that is relevant to a third party—an overhearing audience. Specifically, we aim to show how participants leverage the contrastive power of but in turn-initial position to refocus following a deviation from the main course of action.
X-chromosome inactivation and FMR1 CGG repeat and AGG interspersion number in female newborns conceived by assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs)
Creators: name: Wu, Elizabeth Xianshi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Pregnancies derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are associated with increased rates of chromosome abnormalities, congenital malformations, low birth weight, pre-term births, multiple gestations, and imprinting disorders. Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) enable sub-fertile individuals to circumvent the natural selective pressures involved in human reproduction. The risks of ARTs may be due to the underlying causes of subfertility in these individuals or to the artificial processes used to achieve pregnancy. X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) may be at risk to perturbations in ARTs as it is thought to occur during the blastocyst stage when in vitro culturing would be taking place. We examined the XCI status in females conceived by ICSI (n=70), IVF (n=68), and naturally (NC, n=42). We found no significant differences between the populations in the frequency of mild skewing (≥75%) or extreme skewing (≥90%), or the mean level of skewing. Two extremely skewed cases were identified (1 IVF and 1 NC). It was determined that the maternal allele was preferentially inactivated in the cord blood of the extremely skewed IVF case. XCI status between placental sites varied in this case, but skewing values tended to correlate between different tissues within the same site. Furthermore, it is possible that infertile individuals are passing on high repeat FMR1 alleles associated with infertility or that repeat expansion could be occurring in subfertile parent’s germlines or during in vitro culturing. We investigated FMR1 CGG repeat and AGG interspersion number in the alleles of females conceived by ICSI (n=36), IVF (n=36), and NC (n=36). We did not find a significant difference between the populations in the frequency of intermediate alleles (45-54 repeats), premutation alleles (55-200 repeats), the mean allele repeat number, the biallelic mean, the distribution of FMR1 genotypes, or the distribution of total AGG interspersion number. No full mutation alleles were observed. A single premutation allele was found in a NC infant. The results indicate that female newborns conceived through ICSI and IVF are not at a greater risk of having skewed XCI or of inheriting FMR1 alleles with higher CGG repeat counts and more instability than female newborns conceived naturally.
Predictive Modeling of Community Acquired MRI After a Diagnosis of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Baseline Disease Severity and Surgical Outcomes
Creators: name: Ost, Kalum
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy
subject: DCM
subject: Machine Learning
subject: Magnetic Resonance Imagine
subject: MRI
subject: Data Science
subject: Spinal Cord
subject: Cervical Spine
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Medicine and Surgery
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Computer Science

description: Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy (DCM) is the most common form of atraumatic spinal cord injury in the world. The only treatment for DCM presently is surgical treatment, though only 50-70% of patients will see significant improvement to their condition afterwards. As surgery itself poses a risk, identifying those which will see improvement is imperative to improving the long-term prognosis of the patient. Many studies have utilized Machine Learning (ML) analyses to predict post-surgical outcomes through the use of clinically-derived metrics, to mixed success. This literature has numerous limitations, using only clinically-derived and demographic metrics, or requiring that images be interpreted by time-intensive manual analysis. We aimed to address these shortcomings by evaluating the ability for ML models to predict post-surgical DCM outcomes, using only metrics which were readily available or attainable using imaging-derived metrics obtained via automated means. To accomplish this, we first did a pilot analyses, testing the capabilities for simple regression-based models to assess a patient’s DCM severity based on clinical, demographic, and imaging-derived metrics. Said analysis showed that the majority of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) derived metrics were associate with DCM severity (p ≤ 0.05). However, when we attempted to developed regression models to predict DCM severity trained on these metrics alone, the resulting models were insufficient, reaching a peak Receiver Operating Characteristic Area Under Curve (ROC-AUC) of 0.713. We then moved on to test a broader assortment of ML techniques for predicting post-surgical DCM outcomes. This revealed that regression-based models trained on metrics derived from T2-weighted axial MRI sequences were most effective, achieving a peak balanced accuracy of 67%. These models appear to utilize an error within the algorithms used for deriving imaging metrics which only occurred around regions of Spinal Cord (SC) compression, resulting in outliers which the ML models could detect. Taken together, it is clear that utilizing both imaging and clinical metrics together alongside ML techniques can produce models capable of predicting the prognostic outcomes of DCM patients post-surgery, though significant strides in model performance remain to be made.
Triangle Anomalies, Thermodynamics, and Hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Jensen, Kristan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider 3+1-dimensional fluids with U(1)^3 anomalies. We use Ward identities to constrain low-momentum Euclidean correlation functions and obtain differential equations that relate two and three-point functions. The solution to those equations yields, among other things, the chiral magnetic conductivity. We then compute zero-frequency functions in hydrodynamics and show that the consistency of the hydrodynamic theory also fixes the anomaly-induced conductivities.
description: 4+epsilon pages, REVTeX 4.1; v2: updated references
Tuning the Van Der Waals Forces between Cations and Proteins in Polarizable and Non-polarizable Force Fields
Creators: name: Amin, Kazi Shudipto
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Molecular dynamics
subject: Biochemistry

description: Molecular dynamics (MD) is a set of computational methods widely used in various disciplines to simulate the motion of various molecular structures. In this work, MD refers particularly to their application to the study of biomolecular systems like proteins. Despite constant refinement and progress, there remain shortcomings in the ability of MD in several cases, such as in accurately capturing the interactions between metals and proteins. This work evaluates some widely used molecular dynamics force-fields such as CHARMM and OPLS-AA. Evaluations are also performed on existing extensions of these force-fields that include polarization or charge transfer effects, which are known to be crucial to metal-protein interactions. Preliminary studies show that while polarizable force-fields may better reproduce some QM energies of representative molecules in vacuum, there still remains a need to further optimize them, particularly the van der Waals interactions described by the Lennard-Jones potential, which is challenging due to the additional parameters involved. This is evident from the benchmarking study performed with Ca2+, with calmodulin as the protein used for experimental verification. A follow-up study implements a charge transfer and polarization (CTPOL) extension of OPLS-AA for a specific Zn-finger system and evaluates the extension with a variety of coordination metrics extracted from experimental data. The results show significant improvement over the original OPLS-AA, particularly when the Lennard-Jones parameters are re-optimized, with some caveats which are discussed in the study. The Drude polarizable force-field, which extends CHARMM by adding Drude particles to capture atomic polarization, is evaluated against osmotic pressure data for monovalent cations in acetate solutions, representing M+COO- interactions common in proteins with a number of exposed ASP and GLU residues. Quantum mechanical (QM) data of acetate-M+ in vacuum in various conformations is used as a reference to perform optimization of the Lennard-Jones and Coulomb screening parameters of specific cation-oxygen pairs in the Drude polarizable force-field. Different criteria are explored to perform these optimizations, with interestingly very different results. The most effective predictor of osmotic pressure is a criterion that compares local variations, or “shape” of energy minima rather than absolute differences. This criterion provides parameters that reproduce experimental osmotic pressure quite accurately for a full range of concentrations and three different ions (K+, Li+, Na+), without the need for further refinement. Future direction for parametrization in general is suggested, which includes exploring objective functions as a high priority, as well as deviating from the standard Lennard-Jones potential as a representation of van der Waals forces.
title: ภาวะผู้นำกับการตัดสินใจ
Creators: name: สุวกิจ ศรีปัดถา
Publisher: name: สาขารัฐประศาสนศาสตร์ คณะศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยกาฬสินธุ์
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2012
Subjects: ภาวะผู้นำ
การตัดสินใจ
Leadership
Decision Making

description: วารสารรัฐศาสตร์และนิติศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏกาฬสินธุ์, 1, 1, 1-23
Quasi-isometric co-Hopficity of non-uniform lattices in rank-one semi-simple Lie groups
Creators: name: Kapovich, Ilya
name: Lukyanenko, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65

description: We prove that if $G$ is a non-uniform lattice in a rank-one semi-simple Lie group $\ne Isom(\H^2_\R)$ then $G$ is quasi-isometrically co-Hopf. This means that every quasi-isometric embedding $G\to G$ is coarsely onto and thus is a quasi-isometry.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures
Graded quiver varieties, quantum cluster algebras and dual canonical basis
Creators: name: Kimura, Yoshiyuki
name: Qin, Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Inspired by a previous work of Nakajima, we consider perverse sheaves over acyclic graded quiver varieties and study the Fourier-Sato-Deligne transform from a representation theoretic point of view. We obtain deformed monoidal categorifications of acyclic quantum cluster algebras with specific coefficients. In particular, the (quantum) positivity conjecture is verified whenever there is an acyclic seed in the (quantum) cluster algebra. In the second part of the paper, we introduce new quantizations and show that all quantum cluster monomials in our setting belong to the dual canonical basis of the corresponding quantum unipotent subgroup. This result generalizes previous work by Lampe and by Hernandez-Leclerc from the Kronecker and Dynkin quiver case to the acyclic case. The Fourier transform part of this paper provides crucial input for the second author's paper where he constructs bases of acyclic quantum cluster algebras with arbitrary coefficients and quantization.
description: 42 pages, minor corrections, references updated
Morphophonemics of the Adzera Language
Creators: name: Holzknecht, K.G. (Ed.)
Publisher: name: Pacific Linguistics
Year: 1973

description: MORPHOPHONEMICS OF THE ADZERA LANGUAGE. 13 1. TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP AND BODY PARTS 13 2. POSSESSIVE SUFFIXES WITH OTHER NOUNS 13 3. THE COMPLETE POSSESSIVE PRONOUN SET 14 4. NOUNS 15 5. VERBS 16 6. PRONOUNS 17
Octet baryon electromagnetic form factors in nuclear medium
Creators: name: Ramalho, G.
name: Tsushima, K.
name: Thomas, A. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the octet baryon electromagnetic form factors in nuclear matter using the covariant spectator quark model extended to the nuclear matter regime. The parameters of the model in vacuum are fixed by the study of the octet baryon electromagnetic form factors. In nuclear matter the changes in hadron properties are calculated by including the relevant hadron masses and the modification of the pion-baryon coupling constants calculated in the quark-meson coupling model. In nuclear matter the magnetic form factors of the octet baryons are enhanced in the low $Q^2$ region, while the electric form factors show a more rapid variation with $Q^2$. The results are compared with the modification of the bound proton electromagnetic form factors observed at Jefferson Lab. In addition, the corresponding changes for the bound neutron are predicted.
description: Version accepted for publication in J.Phys. G. Few changes. 40 pages, 14 figures and 8 tables
title: “Abflüsse aus der Realität gespeist von sibirischen Ein- und gedanklichen Nebenflüssen”
Creators: name: Stötzler, Antonia
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst Slavistik
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Griškovec, Evgenij Reki
subject: Rezension
subject: 491.8

description: Man kennt Evgenij Griškovec als Dramatiker, als Regisseur und als Interpret der eigenen Bühnenwerke. Seine erfolgreichen Stücke wie etwa “Gleichzeitig” oder “Wie ich einen Hund gegessen habe” sind in mehrere Sprachen übersetzt und werden gerade in Deutschland wiederholt gezeigt.
description: novinkigegengelesen
Narrating the Visual: Accounting for and Projecting Actions in Webinar Q&As
Creators: name: Yu, Di
name: Tadic, Nadja
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Ethnomethodology
Visual communication
Visual communication--Digital techniques
Digital communications
Questions and answers
Applied linguistics

description: Visual conduct, including the use of gaze to attend to bodily-visual cues and other semiotic resources in interaction, has long been a topic of interest in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis (EMCA). Past EMCA work has examined visual conduct in face-to-face interaction, shedding light on the use of gaze to secure recipiency, facilitate smooth turn-taking, and create and sustain the local interactional ecology (Goodwin, 2000; Nishizaka, 2000). In technology-mediated interaction, however, participants’ lack of access to each other’s visual conduct can create fractured ecologies and hinder communication (Heath & Luff, 1993; Luff, Heath, Kuzuoka, Hindmarsh, Yamazaki, & Oyama, 2003). In this paper, we explore how participants’ asymmetrical visual access shapes one form of technology-mediated interaction: webinar talk. In particular, we examine how webinar moderators use what is visible on their computer screens to manage question-and-answer components during webinar events.
Experiencing the shift: How postsecondary contract and continuing faculty moved to online course delivery
Creators: name: Danyluk, Patricia
name: Burns, Amy
Publisher: name: Brock University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Continuing faculty
Contract faculty
Shift to online
Pandemic
Teaching online

description: The shift to online learning that occurred in March of 2020 created an unprecedented period of intense work for faculty and sessional instructors at the postsecondary level. This shift necessitated courses be adapted under short timelines, new technology be integrated into course design, and teaching strategies and assessment methods be adapted for an online environment (Van Nuland et al., 2020). This study examines how sessional instructors, referred to in this article as contract faculty, and continuing full-time faculty members delivering the same online courses experienced this shift. While the demands of a continuing faculty position call for balancing of teaching, research, and service responsibilities, contract instructors have their own unique stressors (Karram Stephenson et al., 2020). Contract faculty lack job security, are paid by the course, and often receive their teaching assignments with short notice. By examining their perspectives on delivering the same courses online, we learn that the shift to online teaching resulted in additional work in order to adapt courses to the online environment, with faculty describing the challenges of balancing the additional work with other responsibilities of their position. Concerns of participants focused on a perceived inability to develop relationships with students in an online environment.
Microbial dysbiosis alters serotonin signalling in a post-inflammatory murine model of visceral pain
Creators: name: Roth, Timothy Douglas
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 5-ht
subject: serotonin
subject: dysbiosis
subject: IBD
subject: enterochromaffin
subject: murine
subject: visceral pain
subject: microbiota
subject: Education--Health
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Psychology--Physiological

description: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, affecting a growing number of individuals worldwide. Despite achieving endoscopic remission, many IBD patients continue to experience visceral pain, suggesting underlying mechanisms beyond inflammation. One hypothesis implicates alterations in gut microbiota post-inflammation, leading to dysregulated serotonin (5-HT) signalling within the gut and heightened pain sensitivity. This thesis investigated this hypothesis using a mouse model of IBD in remission associated with visceral pain to explore changes in enterochromaffin cell populations, gene expression related to 5-HT synthesis, transport, and degradation, as well as 5-HT concentration and its metabolites. Additionally, fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) experiments were performed using stool from DSS-treated mice, alongside comparative analyses with germ-free (GF) mice, to delineate the impact of the microbiota on post-inflammatory pain in IBD and establish a baseline for gut microbiota effects on 5-HT signalling. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was utilized to assess 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) tissue concentrations, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to determine 5-HT release dynamics in the gut. Our findings revealed region-specific differences in 5-HT release in the terminal ileum, proximal colon, and distal colon, suggesting localized alterations in 5-HT signalling post-inflammation. Additionally, GF mice displayed distinct patterns of altered gene expression and 5-HT/5-HIAA concentration compared to conventionally colonized counterparts, underscoring the pivotal role of gut microbiota in modulating 5-HT metabolism and signalling. FMT experiments allowed us to assess the impact of dysbiotic microbiota on post-inflammatory pain. Surprisingly, we found no significant differences in gene expression between control and DSS-treated FMT groups, suggesting resilience of the host to changes in microbiota composition. However, we observed differences in 5-HT release dynamics between FMT groups, indicating potential microbiota-driven alterations in neuronal signalling pathways. Overall, we found alterations in 5-HT signalling in the recovery model of DSS-induced colitis. These findings enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of IBD-related pain, highlighting the complex interplay between gut microbiota and 5-HT signalling after a period of intestinal inflammation.
Pulsating Strings in Deformed Backgrounds
Creators: name: Rivelles, Victor O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a brief summary on pulsating strings in beta deformed backgrounds found recently.
description: 8 pages. Talk presented at Quantum Theory and Symmetries 7, Prague, August 7-13, 2011
The Phonemes of the Adzera Language
Creators: name: Holzknecht, K.G. (Ed.)
Publisher: name: Pacific Linguistics
Year: 1973

description: THE PHONEMES OF THE ADZERA LANGUAGE. 1 0. INTRODUCTION 1 1. CHART OF PHONEMES 2 2. CONTRASTIVE FEATURES 3 3. DESCRIPTION OF PHONEMES WITH ILLUSTRATIONS 5 4. CONTRUCTION OF SYLLABLES 6 5. DISTRIBUTION OF PHONEMES 8
Membrane Heterogeneity: Manifestation of a Curvature-Induced Microemulsion
Creators: name: Schick, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To explain the appearance of heterogeneities in the plasma membrane, I propose a hypothesis which begins with the observation that fluctuations in the membrane curvature are coupled to the difference between compositions in one leaf and the other. Because of this coupling, the most easily excited fluctuations can occur at non-zero wavenumbers. When the coupling is sufficiently strong, it is well-known that it leads to microphase separation and modulated phases. I note that when the coupling is less strong, the tendency towards modulation remains manifest in a liquid phase that exhibits transient structure of a characteristic size; that is, it is a microemulsion. The characteristic size of the fluctuating domains is estimated to be on the order of 100 nm, and experiments to verify this hypothesis are proposed.
description: 4 pages
Analysis of public expenditures in support of food and agricultural development in Mali, 2006/07-2010/11
Creators: name: J Komorowska-Ilicic
name: A Mas Aparisi
name: N Keita
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Analysis of public expenditures in support of food and agricultural development in Mali, 2006/07-2010/11
Coccocarpia erythroxyli Swinscow & Krog
Creators: name: R, Jeanne dos
name: Silva, eis
name: Aptroot, André
name: E, Marcela
name: S, ugenia da
name: Cáceres, ilva
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Lecanoromycetes
Peltigerales
Coccocarpiaceae
Coccocarpia
Coccocarpia erythroxyli

description: Coccocarpia erythroxyli (Spreng.) Swinscow & Krog
NEW REPORT. — Parque Nacional de Brasília, on bark, leg. J.A.R. Silva, ISE 53794. New to Distríto Federal.
description: Published as part of R, Jeanne dos, Silva, eis, Aptroot, André, E, Marcela, S, ugenia da & Cáceres, ilva, 2023, Lichens from dry central Brazil: a checklist of lichenized fungi from Distríto Federal and Goiás, pp. 117-133 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (9) on page 120, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2023v44a9, http://zenodo.org/record/8434271
Unexpected Field-Aligned Structure in Equatorial Plasma Bubbles
Creators: name: Beyene, Bizuayehu Addisie
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Plasma Bubbles
subject: Equatorial Ionospheric Dynamics
subject: Bubble sizes
subject: Education--Physical
subject: Education--Sciences

description: Equatorial plasma bubbles, commonly known as EPBs, are field-aligned ionospheric irregularities in the bottomside of the F-region equatorial ionosphere generated due to the RayleighTaylor instability. EPBs affect radio waves and are sources of error for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) due to their effect on the amplitude and phase of the satellite signal. In this thesis, 2 Hz plasma density data from 2014 to 2023 from the Swarm satellite mission orbiting nearly parallel to geomagnetic field lines is used to study equatorial plasma bubble characteristics such as bubble length and occurrence frequency. A moving average iterative smoothing technique over different window sizes was used to extract the smoothed background data, which in turn was used to compute the relative plasma density that is used to identify bubble boundaries based on a predefined threshold value. The results are compared with data from the Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite, which cut across bubbles while flying eastward. According to the results obtained, plasma bubbles appear after sunset until before dawn which is in agreement with previous results and the existing theory. Although it is commonly believed that EPBs extend along the entire geomagnetic field line, the results in this study show similar degrees of structure in both Swarm and C/NOFS data, despite their orthogonal directions of travel. This suggests a much higher degree of structuring along B than previously recognized and strongly suggests a heretofore unidentified source of severe plasma structure parallel to B.
Charged bottomonium-like structures in the hidden-bottom dipion decays of $Υ(11020)$
Creators: name: Chen, Dian-Yong
name: Liu, Xiang
name: Matsuki, Takayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Under the Initial Single Pion Emission mechanism, we study the hidden-bottom dipion decays of $Υ(11020)$, i.e., $Υ(11020)\to Υ(nS)π^+π^-$ $(n=1,2,3)$ and $Υ(11020)\to h_b(mP)π^+π^-$ $(m=1,2)$. We predict explicit sharp peak structures close to the $B\bar{B}^*$ and $B^*\bar{B}^*$ thresholds and their reflections in the $Υ(1S)π^+$, $Υ(2S)π^+$ and $h_b(1P)π^+$ invariant mass spectrum distributions. We suggest future experiment, i.e., Belle, BaBar, and forthcoming BelleII or Super-B, carry out the search for these novel phenomena, which can provide important test to the Initial Single Emission mechanism existing in higher bottomonia.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, More discussions added. Accepted by Phys. Rev. D
Introducing a GURT 2018 Panel on Communicating with the Public: “Third Parties” in Question-Answer Sequences
Creators: name: Tadic, Nadja
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Round Table Conference
Charities
Applied linguistics
Communication

description: This forum is dedicated to a panel on Communicating with the Public: “Third Parties” in Question-Answer Sequences organized by Professor Hansun Zhang Waring for the 2018 Georgetown University Round Table (GURT) in Washington, DC. The panel was devoted to research conducted as part of a larger, two-year grant-funded project led by Professor Waring and Elizabeth Reddington at Teachers College, Columbia University. Specifically, the panel examined how representatives of a philanthropic foundation communicate their mission and programs to various audiences on various platforms. This introduction (originally delivered by Professor Waring) offers a brief overview of the 2018 GURT panel on Communicating with the Public and is followed by the four panel papers.
Learning in Smooth Rate and Non-Smooth Spiking Networks
Creators: name: Newton, Thomas Robert
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Spiking Neural Networks
subject: Computaional Neuroscience
subject: Firing-Rate Networks
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Neuroscience

description: This thesis investigates the differences between spiking and firing-rate based neural networks, focusing on learning. Understanding these differences can enhance spiking neural network learning techniques for engineering tasks and contribute to the modeling of learning in biological neural systems, such as in neuromorphic computing applications. The FORCE technique uses an online update to a linearly decoded reservoir network to train both spiking and non-spiking networks to perform dynamical systems tasks. We demonstrate that the FORCE technique effectively trains networks of leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons and their equivalent instantaneous firing-rate neurons to perform various dynamical systems tasks with correlated neural bases. Our findings indicate that while both network types perform correlated neural computations, firing-rate networks achieve more finely tuned solutions that are not always transferable to LIF networks. However, the solution learned by the LIF networks were largely transferable to the firing-rate networks. We explore error scaling as a function of network size, revealing that FORCE trained spiking networks likely use a noisy rate encoding, while firing-rate networks utilize the neural basis more efficiently. Analyzing the time-averaged cross-trial variance and bias squared in these networks, we find that spiking networks’ output error is primarily due to variability in the spiking neural basis, whereas firing-rate networks are limited by the expressiveness of their neural basis and decoder. Our results suggest that to avoid approximating a cross-trial averaged firing rate in LIF networks, stabilizing spike times relative to the learning task or using an error function different from the L2 norm is necessary. Additionally, we examine the effects of noisy conditions on spike-train decoding error. Precise and reliable spike trains can achieve efficient encoding, but perturbations in spike timing or spike failures disrupt this efficiency. Reducing spike time jitter linearly in network size and failure rates at least in the square root of network size is necessary to maintain efficient error scaling.
title: ทำความเข้าใจมโนทัศน์ว่าด้วย “กระบวนทัศน์”
Creators: name: ศิว้ช ศรีโภคางกุล
Publisher: name: สาขารัฐประศาสนศาสตร์ คณะศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยกาฬสินธุ์
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2012
Subjects: กระบวนทัศน์
โทมัส คูห์น
Paradigm
Thomas Kuhn

description: วารสารรัฐศาสตร์และนิติศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏกาฬสินธุ์, 1, 1, 61-86
Gas transport and water vapourization in out-of-autoclave prepreg laminates
Creators: name: Hsiao, Kevin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: Primary load-bearing aerospace structures have traditionally been manufactured using autoclave processing. However, recent advances in material technology have led to the development of pre-impregnated (prepreg) composites that are designed to be cured out-of-autoclave (OOA) and can potentially reduce the costs of processing. In OOA processing, voids are removed by vacuum evacuation through gas pathways in the prepreg. The availability and interconnectivity of these pathways determine the prepreg’s gas transport ability. Voids enter into the prepreg via moisture absorption during storage and physical air entrapment during manufacturing and material handling. Environmental effects, such as relative humidity, can alter the moisture content of prepregs and lead to significant vapour generation during cure. This study examines the gas transport and water vapourization characteristics of OOA prepreg CYCOM 5320/T650 (epoxy/carbon). Gas permeabilities in the in-plane and through-thickness directions are measured, and the effects of processing history (debulk time, temperature etc.) on gas transport are examined. The relationships between relative humidity, moisture content, and vapour generation are analyzed, and the use of mass flow sensors for water vapour quantification is validated. Gas transport is shown to be highly anisotropic in CYCOM 5320/T650, with inplane gas permeability being three orders of magnitude greater than through thickness. Processing history has a significant effect on permeability, with extended debulking sessions reducing in-plane permeability by 50%. Increasing temperature causes in-plane and through-thickness permeabilities to fall. Microscopy analyses reveal that permeability change is a result of collapsing voids and resin flow during heating. Moisture content is relatively unaffected by relative humidity until reaching 30% RH, after which increases in moisture content become more apparent. Vapourization of absorbed moisture between 0 %RH and ambient conditioned vacuum bagged laminates are similar, suggesting that under typical process conditions moisture vapourization mainly comes from the vacuum bag consumables. During vacuum bag processing, vapourization of absorbed moisture occurs immediately upon heating, peaks around 40 to 60oC, and then dissipates as heating reaches the hold temperature. The mass flow sensors are demonstrated to be capable of detecting the onset and termination of moisture vapourization and quantifying the total mass of water vapourized to within 10% error.
Rejection-free Monte-Carlo sampling for general potentials
Creators: name: Peters, E. A. J. F.
name: de With, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Monte Carlo method to sample the classical configurational canonical ensemble is introduced. In contrast to the Metropolis algorithm, where trial moves can be rejected, in this approach collisions take place. The implementation is event-driven, i.e., at scheduled times the collisions occur. A unique feature of the new method is that smooth potentials (instead of only step-wise changing ones) can be used. Besides an event-driven approach where all particles move simultaneously, we also introduce a straight event-chain implementation. As proof-of-principle a system of Lennard-Jones particles is simulated.
Cooling and Heating Functions of Photoionized Gas
Creators: name: Gnedin, Nickolay Y.
name: Hollon, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cooling and heating functions of cosmic gas are a crucial ingredient for any study of gas dynamics and thermodynamics in the interstellar and intergalactic medium. As such, they have been studied extensively in the past under the assumption of collisional ionization equilibrium. However, for a wide range of applications, the local radiation field introduces a non-negligible, often dominant, modification to the cooling and heating functions. In the most general case, these modifications cannot be described in simple terms, and would require a detailed calculation with a large set of chemical species using a radiative transfer code (the well-known code Cloudy, for example). We show, however, that for a sufficiently general variation in the spectral shape and intensity of the incident radiation field, the cooling and heating functions can be approximated as depending only on several photoionization rates, which can be thought of as representative samples of the overall radiation field. This dependence is easy to tabulate and implement in cosmological or galactic-scale simulations, thus economically accounting for an important but rarely-included factor in the evolution of cosmic gas. We also show a few examples where the radiation environment has a large effect, the most spectacular of which is a quasar that suppresses gas cooling in its host halo without any mechanical or non-radiative thermal feedback.
description: replaced with the accepted version; note that the revised version differs substantially from the original draft
Dark Matter Antibaryons from a Supersymmetric Hidden Sector
Creators: name: Blinov, Nikita
name: Morrissey, David E.
name: Sigurdson, Kris
name: Tulin, Sean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmological origin of both dark and baryonic matter can be explained through a unified mechanism called hylogenesis where baryon and antibaryon number are divided between the visible sector and a GeV-scale hidden sector, while the Universe remains net baryon symmetric. The "missing" antibaryons, in the form of exotic hidden states, are the dark matter. We study model-building, cosmological, and phenomenological aspects of this scenario within the framework of supersymmetry, which naturally stabilizes the light hidden sector and electroweak mass scales. Inelastic dark matter scattering on visible matter destroys nucleons, and nucleon decay searches offer a novel avenue for the direct detection of the hidden antibaryonic dark matter sea.
description: 33 pages, 10 figures. Minor changes to match published version
Analysis of Viral Variants and Biomarkers in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) Coinfected Individuals
Creators: name: Presbitero, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Hepatitis B Virus
subject: Hepatitis Delta Virus
subject: HBV Variants
subject: NGS
subject: Hepatitis B and D Virus Coinfection
subject: Virology
subject: Biology--Molecular

description: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) coinfection can cause the most severe form of viral hepatitis in humans. The HDV needs HBV to disseminate, co-opting HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) during assembly. Both viruses have error-prone replication leading to increased variability. We aim to compare clinical and viral outcomes in a contemporary cohort of HBV/HDV coinfected (HBsAg positive and HDV antibody (anti-HDV) positive) vs. HBV monoinfected (HBsAg positive, anti-HDV negative) individuals. Viral variants, HBV biomarkers, HBV DNA, and quantitative HBV surface antigen (qHBsAg) were assessed. Nucleic acid related antigen (NRAg) and HBV core antibody (qAHBc) were quantified by ELISA. HDV RNA/HBV DNA was tested by qPCR. HBV S, X, and HDV delta gene were analyzed by Sanger and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and MEGAX. In this prospective study, 25 anti-HDV+/HBsAg+ patients (median age 41y (SD10), 10 females, mostly Asian (n=10) and HBeAg negative (n=19), with median 5 years follow-up (range 1-10). The known HBV genotypes (GT) (n=16) were 3A, 10D, 3E, and known HDV GT (n=19) were 1 (n=16), 2 (n=1), 5 (n=2). Data was compared to a contemporary cohort of 20 HBV monoinfected patients (median age 45y (SD10), 7F, mostly Asian (n=15), with HBV GT 2A, 3B, 12C, 2D, 1E, all HBeAg (-). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of the HBV S to date in 11/20 by Sanger sequencing showed no mutations, but 3/20 showed X gene variants. Similarly, HBV X NGS analysis in 2 patients showed 16 mutations and 18 S variants in 9 patients. NGS analysis of S gene showed 6 unique mutations not found in the HBV/HDV coinfected cohort. In 25 HBsAg+/anti-HDV+ patients, 19 are HBeAg(-), with low-level HBV viremia, high qHBsAg, and 23/25 HDV RNA+. NGS and SNP analysis showed unique HBV S/X variants. The X and/or S mutations detected correlate with severe liver disease, impaired replication, HCC development, decreased antigenicity and vaccine escape. We found unique SNPs/variants and increased diversity over time in the HDV gene. In summary, this study provides novel data on HBV and/or HDV viral sequence changes in a cohort with high risk of liver disease progression over long-term follow-up.
The cone of Betti diagrams over a hypersurface ring of low embedding dimension
Creators: name: Berkesch, Christine
name: Burke, Jesse
name: Erman, Daniel
name: Gibbons, Courtney
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13D02, 05E40

description: We give a complete description of the cone of Betti diagrams over a standard graded hypersurface ring of the form k[x,y]/, where q is a homogeneous quadric. We also provide a finite algorithm for decomposing Betti diagrams, including diagrams of infinite projective dimension, into pure diagrams. Boij--Soederberg theory completely describes the cone of Betti diagrams over a standard graded polynomial ring; our result provides the first example of another graded ring for which the cone of Betti diagrams is entirely understood.
description: Minor edits, references updated
Assessing Motor Adaptation Following Adolescent Sport-Related Concussion
Creators: name: Stuart, Devon Walter
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics
subject: Sport-Related Concussion
subject: Adolescent
subject: Motor Adaptation
subject: Neuroscience

description: Concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury that is common for adolescents participating in sports. Sport-related concussion can be acquired through biomechanically diverse mechanisms of injury, leading to diverse damage to the brain that can result in cognitive, sensorimotor, and/or vestibular impairments. Currently there are no gold standard tools for clinicians to use when diagnosing, managing, and making clearance to play decisions following sport-related concussion. When examining individuals following suspected concussion and when making clearance decisions to play, we postulated that an assessment task that engages distributed, global brain networks to capture concussion-related neurological impairments would be useful. Motor adaptation is a brain function important for sport participation that requires engagement of sensory, motor, cognitive, and association regions of the brain, leading us test this brain function. This thesis examined motor adaptation impairments in adolescents at two timepoints: within 10 days postinjury (Experiment 1), and after obtaining medical clearance to return to sports (Experiment 2). Group level differences in all tested task parameters were seen within 10 days of sport-related concussion, with approximately one-in-four participants exhibiting overall impairments in motor adaptation. When medical clearance to return to play was granted, group level differences were no longer seen compared to healthy controls. However, approximately one-in-four participants who were medically cleared exhibited overall impairments in motor adaptation. Taken together, our results suggest that motor adaptation may be a valuable brain function to assess during the clinical management of sport-related concussion, especially given the relevance of motor adaptation within sport. Further, robotic tools were shown to be capable of detecting subtle neurological deficits after sport-related concussion.