cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Redox cycling by catechol metabolites of endogenous estrogens as potential contributors to the initiation of breast cancer
Creators: name: Fussell, Karma Claire
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Human idiopathic post-menopausal mammary adenocarcinoma is a tumor of breast epithelial tissue with a high incidence in women. The etiology of this disease stems from both genetic and environmental factors. A major environmental component thought to beimportant in the development of breast cancer is estrogen exposure; indeed at least one environmental estrogen is known to have tumorigenic properties. Several studies have attempted to characterize the role of exogenous estrogens in initiating breast cancer;however little work has been done using endogenous human estrogens. The present studies investigated a mechanism by which endogenous estrogens may contribute to idiopathic breast tumor formation. In this mechanism, endogenous estrogens are firstmetabolized by cytochrome P450s to catechol metabolites. Catechols are known to bereactive and can generate highly toxic and mutagenic reactive oxygen species (ROS) by redox cycling. We have shown that the flavoenzymes NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase can mediate redox cycling of catechol estrogen metabolites and generate hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, and, under conditions favorable for Fenton chemistry, hydroxyl radicals. Moreover, we show that this process can damage DNA causing strand breakage and nucleotide base oxidation. We alsodemonstrated that redox cycling by catechol metabolites of endogenous estrogens can occur in breast epithelial cells. Cell lysates from three human mammary epithelial cell lines, MCF-7 (estrogen receptor alpha positive, tumorigenic), MDA-MB-231 (estrogenreceptor alpha negative, tumorigenic), and MCF-10A (estrogen receptor alpha negative, non-tumorigenic), were found to redox cycle catechol estrogens and generate ROS. Additionally, these metabolites were found to stimulate hydrogen peroxide release byintact cells as measured using an extracellular electrochemical microsensor. In all cases,the three cell lines were found to be equally active in mediating redox cycling and generating ROS. These data indicate that redox cycling can occur in breast epithelial cells; however, ROS production appears to be independent of either estrogen receptor status or tumorigenic stage. Therefore, catechol estrogen metabolite redox cycling must be a constitutive property of the breast epithelial cells and is not acquired during breast tumor development. Because we can measure release of hydrogen peroxide by intact breast epithelial cells by catechol estrogens, redox cycling must be significant enough to overwhelm protective cellular antioxidant defense systems. Taken together, these data indicate that endogenous estrogen metabolism to catechols and subsequent flavoenzymemediatedredox cycling and generation of ROS may contribute to breast tumor development.
Dysoxylum Raspail
Creators: name: Holzmeyer, Laura
name: Hauenschild, Frank
name: Mabberley, David J.
name: Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Meliaceae
Dysoxylum

description: II. Dysoxylum Blume ex Raspail in Bull. Sci. Nat. Géol. 11: 68.1827
≡ Dysoxylum sect. Cyrtochiton Miq. in Ann. Mus.
Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 9, 23. 1868 – Type (designated above): Dysoxylum macrocarpum (Spreng.) Blume ex G.Don.
Distribution. – Twenty-eight Indomalesian species from India and Sri Lanka to Australia and the Solomon Is. This contrasts sharply with the more easterly distribution of Didymocheton (see Heads, 2019).
Note. – See also Mabberley (1995b: 62).
description: Published as part of Holzmeyer, Laura, Hauenschild, Frank, Mabberley, David J. & Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., 2021, Confirmed polyphyly, generic recircumscription and typification of Dysoxylum (Meliaceae), with revised disposition of currently accepted species, pp. 1248-1272 in TAXON 70 (6) on page 1262, DOI: 10.1002/tax.12591, http://zenodo.org/record/14047415
Diagnostic tools of HDL damage by tobacco smoke
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Cigarette smoking is a well established risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Cigarette smoking causes depletion from plasma of the “good” cholesterol transport particle known as high density lipoprotein (HDL). One of the major functions of HDL is to prevent a build-up of cholesterol in arteries. This protective function of HDL is compromised due to the HDL deficiency in cigarette smokers. The objectives of this research is to create new and sensitive diagnostic tools for evaluating changes in HDL during the initial stages of cigarette smoke-induced atherosclerosis. The focus of this research is on a functional component of HDL (known in the field as LCAT) that is highly susceptible to damage upon exposure to small quantities of cigarette smoke. LCAT stands for lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and is a protein component on HDL. This protein is responsible for the packaging of cholesterol within HDL particles. In this role, LCAT serves as a molecular “pump” to facilitate the removal of cholesterol from arteries of the heart. It is proposed that detection of this damaged component of HDL will serve as a sensitive marker of smoking related heart disease. The newly developed methodologies emanating from this work will permit early diagnosis of HDL deficiency that can be used to treat patients at risk for cardiovascular disease.
Visualization of plasma edges using VTK and Adobe Flash
Creators: name: Gupta, Lavesh Kumar
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Visualization is a very useful tool in the study and analysis of huge experimental or simulation datasets. It converts vast amount of numerical data into graphical images, extracts important hidden information and aids scientists in hypothesis building. This thesis focuses on migrating visualization module of Plasma Edge from commercial visualization software AVS to open source visualization library VTK. The VTK visualization module will be integrated in new plasma edge simulation code package at the Center for Plasma Edge Simulation for the study of plasma edge region relevant to both existing magnetic fusion facilities and next generation burning plasma experiments. VTK visualization module generates two set of images: 2D images representing cross-sectional view of 3D torroidal plane, and 3D images representing whole torroidal plane.Two Adobe Flash modules were also developed using open source Adobe Flex to integrate the VTK visualization module with eSimMon dashboard, a front-end tool for simulation monitoring. Using these modules, virtual 3D visualization capability was provided in the dashboard for viewing generated plasma images.
Dysoxylum acutangulum subsp. foveolatum Mabb.
Creators: name: Holzmeyer, Laura
name: Hauenschild, Frank
name: Mabberley, David J.
name: Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Meliaceae
Dysoxylum
Dysoxylum acutangulum
Dysoxylum acutangulum subsp. foveolatum (radlk.) mabb.

description: 1. Dysoxylum acutangulum subsp. foveolatum (Radlk.) Mabb. in Blumea 38: 303. 1994
≡ Dysoxylum foveolatum Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 9: 598. 1879 – Holotype: Indonesia, Timor, Tanini, Teijsmann 10579 (M barcode M-0244410 [image!]).
Distribution. – Moluccas to N Australia and Solomon Is. Dysoxylum acutangulum Miq. subsp. acutangulum is native from peninsular Thailand to Borneo and Philippines (Mabberley, 2013a: 193).
Note. – See also Mabberley (2013b: 32).
description: Published as part of Holzmeyer, Laura, Hauenschild, Frank, Mabberley, David J. & Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., 2021, Confirmed polyphyly, generic recircumscription and typification of Dysoxylum (Meliaceae), with revised disposition of currently accepted species, pp. 1248-1272 in TAXON 70 (6) on pages 1262-1263, DOI: 10.1002/tax.12591, http://zenodo.org/record/14047415
Regulation of MAP kinase signaling pathway in lung cancer
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths for both men and woman in the United States and the majority (>80%) of lung cancers are attributable to tobacco smoke; overall one in nine smokers develop lung cancer in his or her lifetime. In the majority of patients, the lung cancer is detected at a stage when it has already spread to other organs by metastasis and cannot be cured by surgery. Unfortunately, most lung cancers are quite resistant to conventional chemotherapy agents, and better therapies are urgently needed.

 There are two major kinds of smoking-induced lung cancers, called small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which develop from different types of lung cells and behave differently with respect to growth characteristics and spread in the patient. Growth and spread of both types of lung cancer is dependent on certain substances called growth factors; the cancer cells frequently produce their own growth factors which bind to the cell’s surface to stimulate growth. Growth factors send signals from the cell’s surface to the nucleus (the internal “headquarters” of the cell) to switch on growth-related programs. This signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus is accomplished by a number of signal transduction pathways which are often composed of many proteins called protein kinases. One such pathway, which we propose to study in detail, is called the mitogen- (or growth factor-) activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Activation of this pathway by growth factors is necessary for SCLC and NSCLC cells to grow. Our project focuses on a small messenger molecule called cyclic AMP (cAMP) which can be made in response to drugs used for the treatment of common lung diseases such as asthma. This molecule can interfere with signal transduction through the MAPK pathway and can thereby inhibit cancer cell growth. We will study the mechanism by which cAMP regulates the MAPK pathway and inhibits cell growth in SCLC and NSCLC cells. These studies should help our understanding of how lung cancer cells use the MAPK pathway to grow and how one can interrupt this pathway to develop novel approaches for lung cancer treatment. Indeed, several different classes of drugs which block this pathway by different mechanisms are under development by the pharmacological industry and some show promising results in early clinical trials of cancer therapy.
The ethics of the family in Seneca
Creators: name: Gloyn, Elizabeth A.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Seneca, a Roman philosopher of the first century AD, provides our best source for understanding Stoicism under the early Roman empire. Seneca’s writing focuses heavily on the family, especially the consolations addressed to people mourning the loss ofrelatives. My dissertation focuses on family relationships in Seneca’s philosophical writing. I seek to explain how Seneca’s emphasis on correct familial conduct is not only compatible with the sage’s self-sufficiency, but enriches our understanding of how the Stoic wise man attains virtue. I argue that throughout his philosophical works, Seneca demonstrates the importance of the family to the sage as a resource for moral development. Chapter I considers the nature of motherhood and a mother’s relationship to herchildren. Through two case studies, we see that a mother provides her children with the model from which one may learn how to become a Stoic sage. Chapter II turns to the “Consolation to Polybius” and examines the relationship between brothers. Seneca reminds Polybius of his duty to his surviving brothers, and of the supportive network they provide him in his grief for his biological brother’s death. Chapter III examines Seneca’s conception of marriage as a site of stability and a relationship which should result in a couple’s mutual progress towards virtue. It includesthe first discussion in English of the fragmentary evidence for Seneca’s “On Marriage”. Chapter IV examines how Seneca uses the imperial family as an example of how not to act within familial relationships. Their failings remind the reader that only the Stoic sageis capable of virtue; worldly power does not lead to moral perfection. Chapter V considers the picture of family relationships found in the “Moral Epistles”. Seneca writes for a philosophically-inclined reader, and so focuses on helping the reader acquire a virtuous disposition. However, he does not omit the practicalimplications of Stoic virtue for the family. He introduces discussion of familial topics as the collection progresses and the reader advances on the path to becoming a Stoic wise man. Even this work, which primarily discusses the sage’s internal disposition, ultimately reconciles the sage with his family.
Dysoxylum brachybotrys Merr.
Creators: name: Holzmeyer, Laura
name: Hauenschild, Frank
name: Mabberley, David J.
name: Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Meliaceae
Dysoxylum
Dysoxylum brachybotrys

description: 2. Dysoxylum brachybotrys Merr. in Philipp.J. Sci. 26:461. 1925
– Holotype: Philippines, Mindanao, Zamboanga, Malangas, s.coll. BS 37012 (PNH†; isotypes: A barcode 00044804, K, L barcode L 0017189!, P, US barcode 00108198!).
Distribution. – Borneo, Philippines.
Note. – See also Mabberley (2007: 154).
description: Published as part of Holzmeyer, Laura, Hauenschild, Frank, Mabberley, David J. & Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., 2021, Confirmed polyphyly, generic recircumscription and typification of Dysoxylum (Meliaceae), with revised disposition of currently accepted species, pp. 1248-1272 in TAXON 70 (6) on page 1263, DOI: 10.1002/tax.12591, http://zenodo.org/record/14047415
title: Long-Term System Performance of a Direct Expansion Solar Assisted Heat Pump
Creators: name: Abazeri, Majid
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1985

description: The long-term thermal performance of a direct expansion solar assisted heat pump is determined from the transient system simulation of the system. The system employs a bare collector which also acts as the heat pump evaporator. Of particular interest in this study is the

configuration in which the compressor and the collector area are properly matched from the long-term thermal performance viewpoint. This matching is achieved through continuous as well as two step compressor capacity modulation. In addition to examining the effects of compressor capacity modulation, the effects of various system parameters such as collector area„ storage volume, load temperature, load profile, collector inclination, wind speed and refrigerant properties are also studied in some detail.

The monthly averaged thermal performance parameters such as the collector efficiency and the heat, pump system coefficient of performance are determined by executing a computer simulation program which uses a typical meteorological year of solar da ta for Norfolk, Virginia. The results indicate that the system performance is governed strongly by collector area, compressor capacity, load temperature, and refrigerant properties. The remaining parameters have only weal& influence on the long-term system performance of the direct expansion solar assisted heat pump system considered in this study.
Gymnosarda Gill 1862
Creators: name: Ebersole, Jun A.
name: Cicimurri, David J.
name: Stringer, Gary L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Scombridae
Gymnosarda

description: Gymnosarda sp.
Fig. 65
Material examined
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA – Alabama • 1 isolated tooth; Claiborne Group; MSC 37271.
Description
Hypural plate roughly triangular in outline, consisting of fused hypurals, parahypural, and urostyle. Dorsal and ventral edges flat, straight, of equal length, wedge-shaped in dorsal and ventral views. Lateral faces flat; hypural sutures worn but visible; posterior margin slightly concave; basal notch nearly closed. Uroneural projecting dorsally from urostyle; face of urostyle ovoid, concave.
Remarks
A diagnostic characteristic of the members of the Scombridae is the fusion of the hypurals and urostyle into a unique hypural plate (Johnson 1986; Monsch 2005). The hypural plate identified in our sample (MSC 37271; Fig. 65) also possesses a fused parahypural and has a basal notch that is nearly closed. According to Monsch (2000, 2005), Acanthocybium and the members of the Scomberomorinae have hypural plates with a basal notch that is large and distinct. However, a caudal notch is completely absent on the hypural plates of the members of the Tribe Thunnini Starks, 1910, and nearly absent on those within the Sardini Collette & Chao, 1975. The presence of a reduced notch and fused parhypural on MSC 37271 are characteristic of a single member of Sardini, Gymnosarda Gill, 1862 (Monsch 2000, 2005). MSC 37271 is very similar to the hypural plate described on the extant Gymnosarda unicolor (Rüppell, 1838) and also very similar to the hypural of the only Eocene member of this genus, Gymnosarda prisca Monsch, 2000 (see Monsch 2000: fig. 1c, 2005: fig. 9c). However, the hypural plate of G. prisca has a clear caudal notch, a purported plesiomorphic character within this genus. Monsch (2000) described another Eocene Gymnosarda sp. hypural plate that, although damaged along the posterior edge, exhibits a basal notch that appears nearly closed (see fig. 10) and is more elongated dorsoventrally than MSC 37271, suggesting the plates represent two different species. Although MSC 37271 likely represents an undescribed species within Gymnosarda, we refrain from erecting one because our sample consist of only a single specimen.
Stratigraphic and geographic range in Alabama
The lone specimen in our sample was collected from the basal Lisbon Formation at site ACov-11. Lower Lutetian, Zone NP15.
description: Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on pages 177-178, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/3660259
Life histories: Chinese-American elders' smoking encounters
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: There are two general aims of the proposed research. The first is to use qualitative anthropological methods to interview a small number of elderly Californians of Chinese descent about their smoking histories in order to understand better the causes and nature of their tobacco usage and responsiveness to tobacco-risk information. During these interviews, particular attention will be placed on investigating what might be characterized as two sides of the same coin: (a) how for Americans of Chinese ancestry smoking has operated as a highly gendered feature of their identity formation; and (b) how for particularly male members of this sample group experiences of identity development have contributed to ways such men have understood and responded to tobacco, tobacco advertising, and tobacco-risks. In order to understand how these two sides of the coin have been dialectically framed, special focus will be placed on life course features shaping informants’ personal trajectories. The second broad aim of this research is to produce journal articles and a project report. It is hoped that these written products will stimulate academic, public health and community-based organizations to develop more culturally- and gender-attuned smoking prevention/cessation programs.

 For several reasons understanding Chinese-Americans’ tobacco experiences, particularly among adult men, is a particularly important agendum for the state of California’s anti-tobacco efforts. First, according to the 1990-91 Screener Survey of Californian Asian and Pacific Islander Americans (APIA), 11 percent of persons claiming Chinese ancestry smoke. Second, among the APIA subgroups that the Screener study examined, persons of Chinese ancestry have the widest male-female differential of tobacco use, with four times as many Chinese-American men smoking than women. Third, according to 1990 census data, California has more persons claiming Chinese ancestry than any US state. Fourth, the fastest growing source of new immigrants to the United States in general and California specifically is Asia and the Pacific Islands. Fifth, while several statistical studies about Chinese-American smoking patterns have been conducted and some Chinese-American anti-smoking efforts developed by community-based organizations, sparse qualitative research on smoking among Chinese Americans has yet been undertaken.
Fisherichthys Weems 1999
Creators: name: Ebersole, Jun A.
name: Cicimurri, David J.
name: Stringer, Gary L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Fisherichthys

description: Genus Fisherichthys Weems, 1999
Type species
Fisherichthys folmeri, Weems, 1999, early Eocene, Stafford County, Virginia, USA.
description: Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on page 178, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/3660259
Sexists observing sexism
Creators: name: Good, Jessica J.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: A growing body of research has documented the deleterious effects of benevolent sexism on women‟s performance, self-construals of competence, and acceptance of gender inequality (Barreto, Ellemers, Piebinga, & Moya, 2010; Dardenne, Dumont, & Bollier, 2007; Jost & Jay, 2005). Less research has examined perceptions of women who are the victims of benevolent sexism. Notably, Good and Rudman (2010) found that hostile sexist observers were particularly likely to punish a gender atypical female job applicant when she was treated with benevolent sexism by a male interviewer as opposed to hostile sexism or no sexism. The current research builds upon this finding to test a novel Model of Incongruent Sexism (MIS), in which ambivalent sexist perceivers‟ evaluations of a female target vary as a function of her gender typicality and the type of sexist treatment she receives. Study 1 (N = 281) tested the MIS by having undergraduate participants read a job interview transcript featuring a woman applying for a gender typical vs. atypical job, who was treated with benevolent vs. hostile sexism by a male interviewer. Results did not support the MIS in its current form, but indicated that hostile sexist observers punished a female job candidate regardless of her gender typicality. In Study 2 (N = 269) undergraduate participants listened to an audio recording of a job interview featuring a female applicant applying for a gender atypical job who either accepted or rejected a benevolent sexist male interviewer‟s treatment. Results showed that observers who evaluated the male sexist interviewer favorably tended to rate the applicant as less competent and therefore less hireable. When the applicant rejected the benevolent sexist treatment, female observers evaluated the applicant as more competent and the interviewer as less favorable; however this pattern was not found for men. Across both studies, a novel measure of appearance gender typicality was tested, showing preliminary reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity. Implications for reducing sexism in the workplace are discussed.
Antisense transcription regulates gene expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae
Creators: name: Gelfand, Brian Nathan
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has previously been shown to have a transcriptome comprising over 6,000 protein coding genes, as well as over 900 noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). This work focuses on the regulation of the gene IME4, which is normally expressed only in a/α diploid cells. In haploid cells, an ncRNA, which I have termed Regulator of Meiosis 2, (RME2) is expressed from the antisense strand of IME4.RME2 has a direct role in the haploid-specific repression of IME4. I have shown that RME2 represents a novel class of cis-acting non-coding RNA regulators, as it does not regulate in a trans-acting mechanism like microRNA. Furthermore, RME2 represses IME4 transcription in a promoter-independent mechanism, as transcription factor binding at the IME4 promoter is not perturbed. Regulation by IME4 does appear to require transcription across specific sequences within the IME4 ORF itself; in absence of the required sequences, IME4 and RME2 are co-expressed. In addition to IME4, this work details another meiotic gene, ZIP2, which was found to have a similar regulatory antisense transcript, RME3. Like RME2, RME3 represses in a cis- acting mechanism. To determine if other genes are regulated in a manner similar to IME4 and ZIP2, strand-specific RNA-sequence analysis was used to compare the antisense transcriptomesof MATa and a/α cells grown vegetatively and in early meiotic conditions. This analysis identified over 1400 antisense ncRNAs, including 147 cases where antisense ncRNAs are differentially expressed in relation to the sense transcripts in different cell-types or growth conditions. Another subset of 65 genes express antisense ncRNA but not the sense transcript in the four conditions assayed here. These genes may be regulated by antisense transcription, and derepressed under other environmental conditions. There arealso over 300 examples of genes that express both sense and antisense transcripts at similar levels. In these cases, the antisense transcript may not have a role in regulating coding expression. This work shows that the non-coding transcriptome has an importantrole in differential cellular responses, and suggests cis-acting antisense transcription may be a widespread mechanism of regulation.
Dysoxylum carolinae Mabb.
Creators: name: Holzmeyer, Laura
name: Hauenschild, Frank
name: Mabberley, David J.
name: Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Meliaceae
Dysoxylum
Dysoxylum carolinae

description: 3. Dysoxylum carolinae Mabb. in Blumea 38: 305. 1994 – Holotype: Malaysia, Pahang, Kemasul For. Res., Symington FD49827 (KEP lost?).
Distribution. – Vietnam and Sumatra to Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore (extinct).
Note. – See also Mabberley (2013a: 200).
description: Published as part of Holzmeyer, Laura, Hauenschild, Frank, Mabberley, David J. & Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., 2021, Confirmed polyphyly, generic recircumscription and typification of Dysoxylum (Meliaceae), with revised disposition of currently accepted species, pp. 1248-1272 in TAXON 70 (6) on page 1263, DOI: 10.1002/tax.12591, http://zenodo.org/record/14047415
Fisherichthys Weems 1999
Creators: name: Ebersole, Jun A.
name: Cicimurri, David J.
name: Stringer, Gary L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Fisherichthys

description: Fisherichthys aff. F. folmeri Weems, 1999
Fig. 66 A–L
Fisherichthys folmeri Weems, 1999: 63, pls 4.7d, 4.8a–b.
Albula eppsi – Case 1994b: 142, pl. 1, figs 372–375.
cf. Fisherichthys sp. – Clayton et al. 2013: fig. 6k–l.
Material examined
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA – Alabama • 6 isolated teeth; Claiborne Group; MSC 38501, SC 2012.47.125 (2 specimens), SC 2012.47.237, SC 2012.47.238, SC 2012.47.239.
Description
Small teeth measuring up to 1.5 mm diameter, 1.0 mm crown height. Tooth crown conical in profile, with flat apex. Crown covered by smooth enameloid; apical surface with shallow depression surrounded by small tubercles. Occlusal surface of worn teeth composed of dentine, with a thin outer enameloid layer. Crown base thick, with basal cingulum. Circular basal pulp cavity centrally located.
Remarks
Six specimens in our sample are tentatively assigned to Fisherichthys folmeri because they exhibit the features of the type and only known species. The conical profile, apical tubercles, and basal cingulum serve to distinguish teeth of Fisherichthys in our sample from the somewhat similar teeth of Albula, Paralbula, Pycnodus, and Egertonia.
The occurrence of Fisherichthys in Claiborne Group strata, particularly in the Gosport Sand, represents the stratigraphically youngest records for the genus, which was previously not known to occur beyond Zone NP11 of the Ypresian Stage (Case 1994b; Weems 1999; Cicimurri & Knight 2009). Our tentative species identification is due to our small sample size and much younger stratigraphic occurrence.
Stratigraphic and geographic range in Alabama
The specimens in our sample were collected from the basal Lisbon Formation at site ACov-11 and the basal Gosport Sand at site ACl-4. Lower Lutetian to middle Bartonian, zones NP15 to NP17.
description: Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on pages 178-180, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/3660259
Dysoxylum cyrtobotryum Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv.
Creators: name: Holzmeyer, Laura
name: Hauenschild, Frank
name: Mabberley, David J.
name: Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Meliaceae
Dysoxylum
Dysoxylum cyrtobotryum

description: 4. Dysoxylum cyrtobotryum Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv.: 196, 504. 1861
– Holotype: Indonesia, Sumatra, near Panti, Teijsmann s.n. (L barcode U 0004327!).
Distribution. – Nicobar and Andaman Is. to Borneo andPhilippines.
Note. – See also Mabberley (2013a: 205).
description: Published as part of Holzmeyer, Laura, Hauenschild, Frank, Mabberley, David J. & Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., 2021, Confirmed polyphyly, generic recircumscription and typification of Dysoxylum (Meliaceae), with revised disposition of currently accepted species, pp. 1248-1272 in TAXON 70 (6) on page 1263, DOI: 10.1002/tax.12591, http://zenodo.org/record/14047415
Stock market response to the 2008 China milk scandal
Creators: name: Gao, Chen
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Food safety has consistently drawn attention in domestic and even international markets, especially when severe food scare events occur. The overall objective of this thesis is to investigate the stock market response to the 2008 China milk scandal by employing an event study approach and a GARCH model to examine asymmetric impacts of the scandal on the level and volatility of stock prices of dairy companies and utilizing a random effects model to investigate how information uncertainty and media coverage attenuate or facilitate the impact of the scandal in different stock markets. A total of all eight relevant dairy companies traded in five stock markets are included for the analysis. I find supporting evidence on the asymmetric impacts as well as the impacts of information uncertainty and media coverage. Overall, the results suggest that firms listed in the overseas stock markets were more responsive to the scandal than those publically traded in China, but the former reacted slowly than the latter when the positive safety information occurred. Furthermore, I find that among the firms whose products were not found to be contaminated, media coverage contributed to the price rebound and even the price gain as it had a statistically significant, positive impact on the stock prices. This thesis provides policy relevance and implications to food safety in China and beyond China. The private sector may learn from this study as it suggests that firms traded in different stock markets react differently to food safety information and the market distinguishes between positive and negative food safety information. Furthermore, the regulatory agencies communicate with the public and the firms to mitigate the impact of food-scare events.
Total phenolics and antioxidant capacity of cocoa pulp
Creators: name: Endraiyani, Vidya
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Cocoa pulp, the white mucilage that surrounds cocoa beans, is the main substrate in cocoa bean fermentation and is rich in macro- and micronutrients. Yet, the presence of phenolics and their antioxidant activity in cocoa pulp has not been explored. Theobjectives of this study were to quantify the total phenolics of cocoa pulp by using Folin-Ciocalteu assay and antioxidant activity by using Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity (ORAC) assay as well as Cellular Antioxidant Activity (CAA) assay. The effect of singleand double pasteurization was investigated to better understand the potential health value and subsequently promote the utilization of cocoa pulp. Eight weeks storage studies at 4ºC, 25ºC, and 37ºC were also performed to monitor the stability of phenolics, ORACvalues, and color of pasteurized cocoa pulp. Single and double pasteurization decreased phenolics content of the cocoa pulp by 25% and 38%, respectively, when compared to unpasteurized pulp (103.76±4.79 mg GAE/100 g pulp). The ORAC values were not significantly different between unpasteurized (1871±58 μmol TE/100 g pulp), single (1835±41 μmol TE/100 g pulp), and double pasteurized (1681±157 μmol TE/100 g pulp) pulp. There was a significant increase in the CAA values (EC50) of double pasteurized pulp (59.76±9.26 μmol QE/100g pulp) as compared to unpasteurized pulp (23.71±3.12 μmol QE/100 g pulp). Thus, there was a weak negative correlation between ORAC and CAA values in quantifying the antioxidant activity of cocoa pulp. Overall color differences (ΔE*) relative to unpasteurized pulp were not significantly different between single (11.50±6.64) and double pasteurized pulp (14.96±8.64). Throughout the eight week storage studies, single and double pasteurized pulp showed very little change in the phenolics content and the ORAC values at 4ºC and 25ºC. However, at 37°C, up to 50% relative loss in phenolics content and 40% relative loss in the ORAC values were observed in single pasteurized pulp; whereas double pasteurization resulted in lesser relative loss. Both single and double pasteurized pulp showed the lowest lightness (L*) values when stored at 37ºC, as well as the lowest hueangle and chroma values when stored at 4ºC, suggesting less color changes at lower storage temperature.
Development of a new device to measure ambulatory smoking
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: While it appears that most people understand the negative health consequences of smoking, many fail to recognize how smoking represents drug-taking behavior at an extreme level. Each puff from a cigarette produces a “hit” of nicotine that reaches the brain in less than 10 seconds. Multiply this by 10 puffs per cigarette and 20 cigarettes per day, typical values for many smokers, and one can see that nicotine has a very high frequency of use compared to most other addictive drugs. Nonetheless there are few studies that have examined how people typically smoke in careful detail. This is due to the fact that people normally smoke throughout the day and in many different contexts. This pattern is difficult to replicate in the laboratory and devices for field research have, up to now, been unwieldy.

 Advances in technology now allow for miniaturized electronics so that smoking can be measured with a lightweight handheld device. This project will test a new device, the CH9900, which is slightly larger than a cigarette lighter. Cigarettes are inserted into the CH9900 and smoked through the mouthpiece like a cigarette holder. This device is capable of measuring a comprehensive set of smoking measures, including puff volume, puff duration, peak flow, puffs per cigarette, etc., with time and date stamping of all recorded data.

 In the first study, the device will be tested in 30 smokers. Participants will be observed for two weeks, one week while smoking normally, and one week while using the CH9900 to smoke their cigarettes. Biochemical markers of smoking and self-reported smoking behavior will be collected on a daily basis. These values will be compared to determine whether smoking through the CH9900 is similar to smoking without it. The CH9900 may be modified and further improve based the information collected and feedback from the study participants.

 In the second study, the CH9900 will be utilized in a simple test of the effect of nicotine replacement on smoking behavior. Smoking will be recorded using the CH9900 for one week while subjects wear two nicotine patches, and one week while wearing placebo patches. Biochemical and questionnaire data will also be collected. It is predicted that while the total number of cigarettes smoked may not show substantial differences, quantities such as total number of puffs will be significantly different with nicotine vs. placebo patches.

 While the development of a device to monitor smoking in detail is clearly a benefit for tobacco use research, this device may also be useful smoking cessation treatment as well. For example, the device could be used to improve compliance in programs where smoking is reduced by a set schedule. More generally, the development of this technology could lead to a large array of recording devices both for smoking research and in other areas.
Gen. indet. sp. indet. Rafinesque 1810
Creators: name: Ebersole, Jun A.
name: Cicimurri, David J.
name: Stringer, Gary L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Tetraodontiformes
Ostraciidae

description: Gen. et sp. indet.
Fig. 66 M–U
Ostracion sp. – White 1956: 146.
Ostracion meretrix – Case 1981: 2, fig. 22.
Ostracion sp. – Thurmond & Jones 1981: 108.
Material examined
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA – Alabama • 12 isolated teeth; Claiborne Group; MMNS VP-8194, MSC 2401, MSC 35771.1–3, MSC 37121, MSC 37136, MSC 37418, NJSM 24046, NJSM 24327, WSU 28, WSU 5005.
Description
Dermal plates generally polygonal, thickest at center but laterally tapered. Outer surface convex, ornamented with concentric pattern of isolated enameloid-covered tubercles surrounding central node. Internal surface smooth, concave.
Remarks
In North America, fossil dermal plates like those described above have been assigned to Ostracion Rafinesque, 1815 (see Leriche 1942; White 1956; Stringer 2001). However, as discussed by Winterbottom & Tyler (1983), Tyler & Gregorova (1991), and Weems (1998, 1999), there is a tremendous amount of inter- and intraspecific variation within the dermal armor of ostraciid fish, and even on the body of a single individual. Weems (1998) explained that specimens like those described herein can be assigned to the Ostraciidae because those of Aracanidae, the only other family of boxfishes, are ornamented with a central spine from which radiating lines of tubercles emanate.
Stratigraphic and geographic range in Alabama
The specimens in our sample were collected from the lower Tallahatta Formation at site ADl-1, the contact of the Tallahatta and Lisbon formations at sites ACh-14 and ACov-11, the basal Lisbon Formation at site ACov-11, the basal Gosport Sand at site ACl-4, and the Gosport Sand at site ACh-21. Upper Ypresian to middle Bartonian, zones NP14 to NP17.
description: Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on page 180, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/3660259
Dysoxylum dolichobotrys Merr. & L. M. Perry
Creators: name: Holzmeyer, Laura
name: Hauenschild, Frank
name: Mabberley, David J.
name: Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Meliaceae
Dysoxylum
Dysoxylum dolichobotrys

description: 5. Dysoxylum dolichobotrys Merr. & L.M.Perry in J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 311. 1940
– Holotype: Solomon Islands, Ysabel, Maruto, Brass 3385 (A barcode 00044795!).
Distribution. – Solomon Is.
description: Published as part of Holzmeyer, Laura, Hauenschild, Frank, Mabberley, David J. & Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., 2021, Confirmed polyphyly, generic recircumscription and typification of Dysoxylum (Meliaceae), with revised disposition of currently accepted species, pp. 1248-1272 in TAXON 70 (6) on page 1263, DOI: 10.1002/tax.12591, http://zenodo.org/record/14047415
Cerodontha (Butomomyza) angulata
Creators: name: Eiseman, Charles S.
name: Lonsdale, Owen
name: Linden, John Van Der
name: Feldman, Tracy S.
name: Palmer, Michael W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Agromyzidae
Cerodontha
Cerodontha angulata

description: Cerodontha (Butomomyza) angulata (Loew)
Material examined. IOWA: Winneshiek Co., Freeport Marsh, 18.vi.2017, em. vii.2017, J. van der Linden, ex sedge, # CSE4658, CNC1144048 (1♁); MASSACHUSETTS: Nantucket Co., Nantucket, Squam Swamp, 27.vii.2017, em. 26.iv–1.v.2018, C.S. Eiseman, ex Juncus tenuis, # CSE4444, CNC1135688–1135689 (1♁ 1♀).
Hosts. Cyperaceae: Carex crinita Lam., C. stipata Muhl. ex Willd., Scirpus hattorianus Makino; Juncaceae: * Juncus tenuis Willd., Luzula DC.; Poaceae: Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A.Clark, D. clandestinum (L.) Gould (Eiseman & Lonsdale 2018).
Leaf mine. Whitish, occupying the full width of the narrow leaves of Juncus tenuis, and not distinguished in the field from a mine that produced a female tentatively identified as Cerodontha (Poemyza) incisa (Meigen); see Eiseman & Lonsdale (2018) for a discussion of mines on other hosts.
Puparium. Oval, typically reddish-brown but ranging from yellowish-brown to blackish-brown; formed within or outside the mine. See Eiseman & Lonsdale (2018) for further details.
Phenology and voltinism. This species is multivoltine in Massachusetts. We have exceptionally found larvae in mid-April (adult emerging in early May), and they are common beginning in June. Many of our collections have been of puparia, but we have observed larvae in late July and in October. Reared adults have emerged in July, August, and September, always within a few weeks of collecting larvae or pupae, with 25 September being the latest emergence date. The new specimens from Nantucket are unusual in having overwintered as pupae from larvae collected as early as 27 July. In North Carolina we have found feeding larvae as early as 10 January.
Distribution. Probably present in most states; Canada: AB, ON; Europe (Eiseman & Lonsdale 2018).
description: Published as part of Eiseman, Charles S., Lonsdale, Owen, Linden, John Van Der, Feldman, Tracy S. & Palmer, Michael W., 2021, Thirteen new species of Agromyzidae (Diptera) from the United States, with new host and distribution records for 32 additional species, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 4931 (1) on pages 21-22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4931.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4545337
Gen. sp. Ebersole, Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019, indet.
Creators: name: Ebersole, Jun A.
name: Cicimurri, David J.
name: Stringer, Gary L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Gen. et sp. indet.
Fig. 67
Material examined
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA – Alabama • 1 isolated tooth; Claiborne Group; MSC 2402.
Description
Teeth anteroposteriorly longer than wide, laterally compressed covered with thick enameloid. Anterior half of tooth wider than posterior half, resulting in pear-shaped occlusal outline. Indistinct cusp located anteriorly, posterior margin slopes towards edge of tooth. Blunt transverse ridge extends across cusp; cusp conspicuously lighter in color than remainder of tooth. Lateral surfaces of crown convex, exhibiting fine growth lines. Basal face rounded.
Remarks
MSC 2402 (Fig. 67) appears to be conspecific with teeth belonging to the Balistidae as described by Tyler (1980) and Tyler & Santini (2002). Tyler & Santini (2002) noted that isolated teeth and jaw fragments have little taxonomic value because the majority of differential characteristics among the described fossil taxa are based on complete specimens, not isolated teeth. The only reported Eocene member of the Balistidae, Gornylistes prodigiosus Bannikov & Tyler, 2008, was described from a nearly complete specimen from the middle Eocene of the Caucasus. Although the type description for this specimen mentions the number of teeth in the jaws, the tooth morphologies were not described nor were they illustrated.
The teeth of Balistidae are superficially similar to the pharyngeal teeth of the Eocene fish Eotrigonodon. However, teeth of Balistidae teeth differ by having convex lateral edges, as opposed to being mesiodistally compressed with flat lateral edges on the teeth of Eotrigonodon (see Ciobanu 2011: figs 5–10). Furthermore, the crown of Eotrigonodon teeth has smooth enameloid that lacks transverse growth lines, which are visible on the teeth of Balistidae.
Stratigraphic and geographic range in Alabama
The lone specimen in our sample was collected from the Gosport Sand at site ACh-21. Middle Bartonian, Zone NP17.
description: Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on pages 180-182, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/3660259