cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Structure and temporal change of the credit network between banks and large firms in Japan
Creators: name: Fujiwara, Yoshi
name: Aoyama, Hideaki
name: Ikeda, Yuichi
name: Iyetomi, Hiroshi
name: Souma, Wataru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We present a new approach to understanding credit relationships between commercial banks and quoted firms, and with this approach, examine the temporal change in the structure of the Japanese credit network from 1980 to 2005. At each year, the credit network is regarded as a weighted bipartite graph where edges correspond to the relationships and weights refer to the amounts of loans. Reduction in the supply of credit affects firms as debtor, and failure of a firm influences banks as creditor. To quantify the dependency and influence between banks and firms, we propose a set of scores of banks and firms, which can be calculated by solving an eigenvalue problem determined by the weight of the credit network. We found that a few largest eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors are significant by using a null hypothesis of random bipartite graphs, and that the scores can quantitatively describe the stability or fragility of the credit network during the 25 years.
Temperature Dependence of Fluctuation Time Scales in Spin Glasses
Creators: name: Kenning, G. G.
name: Bowen, J.
name: Sibani, P.
name: Rodriguez, G. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a series of fast cooling protocols we have probed aging effects in the spin glass state as a function of temperature. Analyzing the logarithmic decay found at very long time scales within a simple phenomenological barrier model, leads to the extraction of the fluctuation time scale of the system at a particular temperature. This is the smallest dynamical time-scale, defining a lower-cut off in a hierarchical description of the dynamics. We find that this fluctuation time scale, which is approximately equal to atomic spin fluctuation time scales near the transition temperature, follows ageneralized Arrhenius law. We discuss the hypothesisthat, upon cooling to a measuring temperature within the spin glass state, there is a range of dynamically in-equivalent configurations in which the system can be trapped, and check within a numerical barrier model simulation, that this leads to sub-aging behavior in scaling aged TRM decay curves, as recently discussed theoretically, see arXiv:0902.3556 .
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Topological quantum numbers and curvature -- examples and applications
Creators: name: Szczesny, Jerzy
name: Biesiada, Marek
name: Szydlowski, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the idea of the degree of a smooth mapping between two manifolds of the same dimension we present here the topological (homotopical) classification of the mappings between spheres of the same dimension, vector fields, monopole and instanton solutions. Starting with a review of the elements of Riemannian geometry we also present an original elementary proof of the Gauss-Bonnet theorem and the Poincaré-Hopf theorem.
description: LaTeX2e, 26 pages, 4 figures
Analyzing golf swing variance: unraveling its impact on strokes gained
Creators: name: Ehrlich, Justin
name: Lee, JungHoon
name: Davis, Daniel
name: Handley, Eric
name: Cain, Chris
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2024

description: Engineering of Sport 15 - Proceedings from the 15th International Conference on the Engineering of Sport (ISEA 2024)
This study aims to both accurately measure the variance of a golf swing and to investigate how it is associated with performance of off the tee drives. Until this work, intrasubject swing variability research within golf has been elusive, as the golf swing is considered one of the most challenging motions in sports. Horan et al published a paper comparing males and females variability, but did not specifically analyze the relationship between swing variance and performance variance. In contrast, Tucker et al did examine this relationship but found no statistical correlations between them. However, in their study, Tucker et al calculated swing variability at each body marker instead of considering the overall swing variance. Additionally, their analysis focused on swing velocity rather than employing a comprehensive statistic such as strokes gained (SG). Therefore, this study contributes to swing variability research by modeling the golf swing as a single movement, enabling the examination of intra-subject variance across a series of swings off the tee and its impact on strokes gained and strokes gained variance.
The depletion of carbon by extra mixing in metal-poor giants
Creators: name: Stancliffe, Richard J.
name: Church, Ross P.
name: Angelou, George C.
name: Lattanzio, John C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is an apparent dichotomy between the metal-poor ([Fe/H] <= -2) yet carbon-normal giants and their carbon-rich counterparts. The former undergo significant depletion of carbon on the red giant branch after they have undergone first dredge-up, whereas the latter do not appear to experience significant depletion. We investigate this in the context that the extra mixing occurs via the thermohaline instability that arises due to the burning of helium-3. We present the evolution of [C/Fe], [N/Fe] and carbon-12/carbon-13 for three models: a carbon-normal metal-poor star, and two stars that have accreted material from a 1.5 solar mass AGB companion, one having received 0.01 solar masses of material and the other having received 0.1 solar masses. We find the behaviour of the carbon-normal metal-poor stars is well reproduced by this mechanism. In addition, our models also show that the efficiency of carbon-depletion is significantly reduced in carbon-rich stars. This extra-mixing mechanism is able to reproduce the observed properties of both carbon-normal and carbon-rich stars.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 7 pages, 8 figures
Operation of a double-phase pure argon Large Electron Multiplier Time Projection Chamber: comparison of single and double phase operation
Creators: name: Badertscher, A.
name: Knecht, L.
name: Laffranchi, M.
name: Lussi, D.
name: Marchionni, A.
name: Natterer, G.
name: Otiougova, P.
name: Resnati, F.
name: Rubbia, A.
name: Viant, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We constructed and operated a double phase (liquid-vapour) pure argon Large Electron Multiplier Time Projection Chamber (LAr LEM-TPC) with a sensitive area of 10x10 cm$^2$ and up to 30 cm of drift length. The LEM is a macroscopic hole electron multiplier built with standard PCB techniques: drifting electrons are extracted from the liquid to the vapour phase and driven into the holes of the LEM where the multiplication occurs. Moving charges induce a signal on the anode and on the LEM electrodes. The orthogonally segmented upper face of the upper LEM and anode permit the reconstruction of X-Y spatial coordinates of ionizing events. The detector is equipped with a Photo Multiplier Tube immersed in liquid for triggering the ionizing events and an argon purification circuit to ensure long drift paths. Cosmic muon tracks have been recorded and further characterization of the detector is ongoing. We believe that this proof of principle represents an important milestone in the realization of very large, long drift (cost-effective) LAr detectors for next generation neutrino physics and proton decay experiments, as well as for direct search of Dark Matter with imaging devices.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, Based on a talk given at the 11th Pisa meeting on advanced detectors - Isola d'Elba 26 May 2009
Levitating Dark Matter
Creators: name: Kaloper, Nemanja
name: Padilla, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A sizable fraction of the total energy density of the universe may be in heavy particles with a net dark $U(1)'$ charge comparable to its mass. When the charges have the same sign the cancellation between their gravitational and gauge forces may lead to a mismatch between different measures of masses in the universe. Measuring galactic masses by orbits of normal matter, such as galaxy rotation curves or lensing, will give the total mass, while the flows of dark matter agglomerates may yield smaller values if the gauge repulsion is not accounted for. If distant galaxies which house light beacons like SNe Ia contain such dark particles, the observations of their cosmic recession may mistake the weaker forces for an extra `antigravity', and infer an effective dark energy equation of state smaller than the real one. In some cases, including that of a cosmological constant, these effects can mimic $w
description: 20 pages LaTeX, added references and comments, version to appear in JCAP
Global causal propagator for the Klein-Gordon equation on a class of supersymmetric AdS backgrounds
Creators: name: Enciso, Alberto
name: Kamran, Niky
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the Cauchy problem for the Klein-Gordon equation on the type IIB supergravity backgrounds $AdS^5 \times Y^{p,q}$, where $Y^{p,q}$ is any of the Sasaki-Einstein 5-manifolds recently discovered by Gaunlett, Martelli, Sparks and Waldram (Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 8 (2004) 711--734). Although these spaces are not globally hyperbolic, we prove that there exists a unique admissible propagator and derive an integral representation thereof using spectral-theoretic techniques.
description: 18 pages, corrected typos
The effect of idioms on children's reading and understanding of prose
Creators: name: Edwards, Peter
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A survey of related literature showed that, although many educational researchers have stressed the importance of idioms in the English language, very few experimental studies have been carried out to ascertain the role played by idioms in the reading process. The author conducted a study to determine whether idioms cause difficulty for children in the reading and understanding of prose. A pilot study was performed to facilitate the selection of test items and to establish testing procedures. The experimental study consisted of four randomly chosen groups in each of two schools. Randomly assigned children in each group were given one of the four reading tests as follows: Non Literal 1 (N.L. 1), which contained idioms in all eighteen test items; Non Literal 2 (N.L. 2), which contained idioms in twelve of the eighteen test items; Non Literal 3 (N.L. 3), which contained idioms in six of the eighteen test items; Literal, which did not contain idioms in any of the eighteen test items. The children read their assigned test and answered comprehension questions by selecting one of the four multiple choice alternatives for each test item. The following statistical results were obtained: the treatment effect was highly significant; the means increased steadily, with the highest scores associated with the Literal test and the lowest scores associated with Non Literal 1 test. There was no significant difference between the performance of girls and boys in the tests; there was no linear or curvilinear interaction with I.Q. and treatment, nor was there a sex by treatment interaction. An analysis of the four treatment groups showed that there were significant differences between the means of all groups except Non Literal 1 and Non Literal 2, the two groups containing the greatest number of idioms in the test items. The results of the study raised several implications which necessitate further research. Several questions are concerned with the incidence and type of idiomatic language used in books and the best method of teaching idioms to school children. Another raises the possibility of having to allow for idioms when compiling readability formulae. A further implication is that there may be a need for strictly literal reading materials which would serve as a transitional link between the multiplicity of dialects existing in society today, and the need to read and understand written Standard English.
Entanglement, Berry Phases, and Level Crossings for the Atomic Breit-Rabi Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Oh, Sangchul
name: Huang, Zhen
name: Peskin, Uri
name: Kais, Sabre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relation between level crossings, entanglement, and Berry phases is investigated for the Breit-Rabi Hamiltonian of hydrogen and sodium atoms, describing a hyperfine interaction of electron and nuclear spins in a magnetic field. It is shown that the entanglement between nuclear and electron spins is maximum at avoided crossings. An entangled state encircling avoided crossings acquires a marginal Berry phase of a subsystem like an instantaneous eigenstate moving around real crossings accumulates a Berry phase. Especially, the nodal points of a marginal Berry phase correspond to the avoided crossing points.
description: 5 figures, submitted to a journal
A multi-spectral and polarization-selective surface-plasmon resonant mid-infrared detector
Creators: name: Rosenberg, Jessie
name: Shenoi, Rajeev V.
name: Vandervelde, Thomas E.
name: Krishna, Sanjay
name: Painter, Oskar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a multi-spectral polarization sensitive mid-infrared dots-in-a-well (DWELL) photodetector utilizing surface-plasmonic resonant elements, with tailorable frequency response and polarization selectivity. The resonant responsivity of the surface-plasmon detector shows an enhancement of up to 5 times that of an unpatterned control detector. As the plasmonic resonator involves only surface patterning of the top metal contact, this method is independent of light-absorbing material and can easily be integrated with current focal plane array processing for imaging applications.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Cavity of Molecular Gas Associated with Supernova Remnant 3C 397
Creators: name: Jiang, Bing
name: Chen, Yang
name: Wang, Junzhi
name: Su, Yang
name: Zhou, Xin
name: Safi-Harb, Samar
name: DeLaney, Tracey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 3C 397 is a radio and X-ray bright Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) with an unusual rectangular morphology. Our CO observation obtained with the Purple Mountain Observatory at Delingha reveals that the remnant is well confined in a cavity of molecular gas, and embedded at the edge of a molecular cloud (MC) at the local standard of rest systemic velocity of ~32 km/s. The cloud has a column density gradient increasing from southeast to northwest, perpendicular to the Galactic plane, in agreement with the elongation direction of the remnant. This systemic velocity places the cloud and SNR 3C 397 at a kinematic distance of ~10.3 kpc. The derived mean molecular density (~10-30 cm^-3) explains the high volume emission measure of the X-ray emitting gas. A 12CO line broadening of the ~32 km/s component is detected at the westmost boundary of the remnant, which provides direct evidence of the SNR-MC interaction and suggests multi-component gas there with dense (~10^4 cm^-3) molecular clumps. We confirm the previous detection of a MC at ~38 km/s to the west and south of the SNR and argue, based on HI self-absorption, that the cloud is located in the foreground of the remnant. A list of Galactic SNRs presently known and suggested to be in physical contact with environmental MCs is appended in this paper.
description: ApJ in press, 11 pages, 8 figures and 2 tables. A list of Galactic SNRs in physical contact with molecular clouds is included; it is updated in Ver.3
title: The effect of corporate taxes on investment: evidence from the Colombian firms
Creators: name: Melo-Becerra, Ligia Alba
name: Ávila Mahecha, Javier
name: Ramos-Forero, Jorge Enrique
Publisher: name: Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/007ygn379
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2017

description: Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies Working Paper ; no. 10/2017
Effective Hamiltonian Approach to Open Systems and Its Applications
Creators: name: Huang, X. L.
name: Yi, X. X.
name: Wu, Chunfeng
name: Feng, X. L.
name: Yu, S. X.
name: OH, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using the effective Hamiltonian approach, we present a self-consistent framework for the analysis of geometric phases and dynamically stable decoherence-free subspaces in open systems. Comparisons to the earlier works are made. This effective Hamiltonian approach is then extended to a non-Markovian case with the generalized Lindblad master equation. Based on this extended effective Hamiltonian approach, the non-Markovian master equation describing a dissipative two-level system is solved, an adiabatic evolution is defined and the corresponding adiabatic condition is given.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
The DarkStars code: a publicly available dark stellar evolution package
Creators: name: Scott, Pat
name: Edsjö, Joakim
name: Fairbairn, Malcolm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We announce the public release of the 'dark' stellar evolution code DarkStars. The code simultaneously solves the equations of WIMP capture and annihilation in a star with those of stellar evolution assuming approximate hydrostatic equilibrium. DarkStars includes the most extensive WIMP microphysics of any dark evolution code to date. The code employs detailed treatments of the capture process from a range of WIMP velocity distributions, as well as composite WIMP distribution and conductive energy transport schemes based on the WIMP mean-free path in the star. We give a brief description of the input physics and practical usage of the code, as well as examples of its application to dark stars at the Galactic centre.
description: The DarkStars code can be downloaded from http://www.fysik.su.se/~pat/darkstars; 8 pages, 3 figures. To appear in the Proceedings of Dark2009, Christchurch, NZ, Jan 18-24 2009
Some Extraordinary Results, their Cooperative Genesis across Five or Six Separate Areas of Mathematics  and Conclusions on Modern Research after Covid
Creators: name: Frank, Uhlig
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: math history, numerical analysis, fractional ODEs, shooting methods, proportional secting, Linear algebra, unitary block-decomposition, invariant subspace theory, quantum physics, time-varying matrix problem, Johnson-Bendixon matrix flow, neural network, zeroing neural network, discretized ZNN algorithm, field of values, matrix flows, time-varying numerical algorithm, ZNN set-up, predictive numerical method, matrix symmetrizer, math education, lesson plans, interactive teaching, meta-mathematics\

description: A draft of a survey paper in Mathematics
The chemistry of interstellar molecules containing the halogen elements
Creators: name: Neufeld, David A.
name: Wolfire, Mark G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although they are only minor constituents of the interstellar medium, halogen-containing molecules are of special interest because of their unique thermochemistry. Here, we present a theoretical study of the chemistry of interstellar molecules containing the halogen elements chlorine and fluorine. We have modeled both diffuse and dense molecular clouds, making use of updated estimates for the rates of several key chemical processes. We present predictions for the abundances of the three halogen molecules that have been detected to date in the interstellar medium: HF, CF+ and HCl. As in our previous study of fluorine-bearing interstellar molecules, we predict HF to be the dominant gas-phase reservoir of fluorine within both diffuse and dense molecular clouds; we expect the Herschel Space Observatory to detect widespread absorption in the HF J=1-0 transition. Our updated model now overpredicts the CF+ abundance by a factor ~10 relative to observations of the Orion Bar; this discrepancy has widened because we now adopt a laboratory measurement of the CF+ dissociative recombination rate that is smaller than the estimate we adopted previously. This disagreement suggests that the reaction of C+ with HF proceeds more slowly than the capture rate assumed in our model; a laboratory measurement of this reaction rate would be very desirable. Our model predicts diffuse cloud HCl abundances that are similar to those predicted previously and detected tentatively toward zeta Oph. Two additional species are potentially detectable from photodissociation regions: the H2Cl+ and HCl+ molecular ions. Ortho-H2Cl+ has its lowest-lying transition in the millimeter spectral region observable from the ground, and the lowest rotational transition of HCl+ is observable with Herschel's HIFI instrument.
description: 35 pages, including 14 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Restoration of Poissonian Images Using Alternating Direction Optimization
Creators: name: Figueiredo, Mário A. T.
name: Bioucas-Dias, José M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 94A08, 47N10

description: Much research has been devoted to the problem of restoring Poissonian images, namely for medical and astronomical applications. However, the restoration of these images using state-of-the-art regularizers (such as those based on multiscale representations or total variation) is still an active research area, since the associated optimization problems are quite challenging. In this paper, we propose an approach to deconvolving Poissonian images, which is based on an alternating direction optimization method. The standard regularization (or maximum a posteriori) restoration criterion, which combines the Poisson log-likelihood with a (non-smooth) convex regularizer (log-prior), leads to hard optimization problems: the log-likelihood is non-quadratic and non-separable, the regularizer is non-smooth, and there is a non-negativity constraint. Using standard convex analysis tools, we present sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of solutions of these optimization problems, for several types of regularizers: total-variation, frame-based analysis, and frame-based synthesis. We attack these problems with an instance of the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), which belongs to the family of augmented Lagrangian algorithms. We study sufficient conditions for convergence and show that these are satisfied, either under total-variation or frame-based (analysis and synthesis) regularization. The resulting algorithms are shown to outperform alternative state-of-the-art methods, both in terms of speed and restoration accuracy.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables. Submitted to the IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Carrier Density and Magnetism in Graphene Zigzag Nanoribbons
Creators: name: Jung, J.
name: MacDonald, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of carrier density on magnetism in a zigzag graphene nanoribbon is studied in a $π$-orbital Hubbard-model mean-field approximation. Departures from half-filling alter the magnetism, leading to states with charge density variation across the ribbon and parallel spin-alignment on opposite edges. Finite carrier densities cause the spin-density near the edges to decrease steadily, leading eventually to the absence of magnetism. At low doping densities the system shows a tendency to multiferroic order in which edge charges and spins are simultaneously polarized.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Modulation instability, Akhmediev Breathers and continuous wave supercontinuum generation
Creators: name: Dudley, J. M.
name: Genty, G.
name: Dias, F.
name: Kibler, B.
name: Akhmediev, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical simulations of the onset phase of continuous wave supercontinuum generation from modulation instability show that the structure of the field as it develops can be interpreted in terms of the properties of Akhmediev Breathers. Numerical and analytical results are compared with experimental measurements of spectral broadening in photonic crystal fiber using nanosecond pulses
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
Remote sensing of phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean
Creators: name: Johnson, R
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: One of the greatest challenges for Southern Ocean and Antarctic research is the development of robust methods for assessing the current and future impacts of climate change, and for evaluating regional differences in the rate and direction of that change. The Southern Ocean has been changing rapidly for at least the last 30 years, including measurable changes to phytoplankton communities. Climate projections suggest that they will continue to change. It is predicted that there will be continued southward movement of oceanographic fronts, in- creased warming and freshening (increased precipitation) of the surface ocean, shallowing of the mixed layer (increased stratification) and increased carbon dioxide enrichment and ab- sorption of the upper ocean. In order to capture and monitor the response of phytoplankton across the Southern Ocean, an economical observing system with high resolution in time and space is needed. This thesis examines the ability of ocean colour remote sensing to meet this challenge by accurately assessing and monitoring climate change impacts on phytoplankton. The ever-increasing number of in situ samples from the Southern Ocean, which can be used to calibrate and validate remote sensing algorithms, have the potential to make ocean colour radiometry a robust method for assessing climate change impacts on the Southern Ocean ecosystem. We investigated both calcite and chlorophyll products, two measurements that are key for assessing the impact of climate change on phytoplankton. Chlorophyll is used as a proxy for biomass and calcite is used to identify calcifying plankton, and to detect changes in calcification rates and carbon sequestration impacted by ocean acidification. We found that current satellite algorithms underestimate chlorophyll by as much as 50% and overestimate calcite by up to 400% in the Southern Ocean. Much of the in situ data used in this thesis were collected by ships transiting to and from the Antarctic on station re-supply missions that collected surface samples while the ship was sailing. This methodology naturally raised the question of how well does surface sampling capture the variability with depth in the euphotic zone. We determined that surface sampling of chlorophyll, either from ships or satellites, is an adequate representation of the ecologically important euphotic zone in the well-mixed regions of the Southern Ocean. This thesis concludes that customised ocean colour algorithms can be a robust method for assessing Southern Ocean phytoplankton and presents several methods and improved satellite products for doing so.
Visualizing a large-scale structure of production network by N-body simulation
Creators: name: Fujiwara, Yoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Our recent study of a nation-wide production network uncovered a community structure, namely how firms are connected by supplier-customer links into tightly-knit groups with high density in intra-groups and with lower connectivity in inter-groups. Here we propose a method to visualize the community structure by a graph layout based on a physical analogy. The layout can be calculated in a practical computation-time and is possible to be accelerated by a special-purpose device of GRAPE (gravity pipeline) developed for astrophysical N-body simulation. We show that the method successfully identifies the communities in a hierarchical way by applying it to the manufacturing sector comprising tenth million nodes and a half million edges. In addition, we discuss several limitations of this method, and propose a possible way to avoid all those problems.
Mother of mercy. By J. Hugh O'Donnell.
Creators: name: O'Donnell, John Hugh
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2023

description:
 Cover title.
 The third in the series of addresses under the general title of Hail, Holy Queen, delivered on May 12, 1946, by the Rev. J. Hugh O'Donnell, C.S.C., President of the University of Notre Dame.
 Catholic hour (Radio program)
Saved; a record and analysis of a production
Creators: name: Gray, John
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Saved, a play by Edward Bond, was produced and directed by John Gray in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a Master of Arts degree, in the Department of Theatre at The University of British Columbia, at the Dorothy Somerset Studio Theatre, from October 21 to October 24, 1970. The following is a detailed record of that production, together with the director's analysis and interpretation of the script. Saved was performed by a predominantly student cast, in costumes and setting designed by Astrid Janson, and with the technical direction of Richard Spencer. This record is divided into three main sections. The first is a short section setting forth as simply as possible the specific directorial concept used for this production, together with a comment on the language of the play. The second section contains a unit-by-unit analysis of Saved, together with notes on the groundplan, design, and costumes for the play. The third section is made up of the prompt script of the production, showing blocking, division into units, notes on motivations, and lighting and scenery cues. The promptbook is preceded by a scale groundplan for the production, a props list, and pictures of the production with notes on the scenes depicted.
Lattice splitting under intermittent flows
Creators: name: Schläpfer, Markus
name: Trantopoulos, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the splitting of regular square lattices subject to stochastic intermittent flows. Various flow patterns are produced by different groupings of the nodes, based on their random alternation between two possible states. The resulting flows on the lattices decrease with the number of groups according to a power law. By Monte Carlo simulations we reveal how the time span until the occurrence of a splitting depends on the flow patterns. Increasing the flow fluctuation frequency shortens this time span which reaches a minimum before rising again due to inertia effects incorporated in the model. The size of the largest connected component after the splitting is rather independent of the flow fluctuation frequency but slightly decreases with the link capacities. Our findings carry important implications for real-world networks, such as electric power grids with a large share of renewable intermittent energy sources.
Tunneling conductance of ferromagnet/noncentrosymmetric superconductor junctions
Creators: name: Wu, S.
name: Samokhin, K. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the extended Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk formalism, the tunneling conductance characteristics of a planar junction between a ferromagnet and a noncentrosymmetric superconductor are studied. The effects of the Rashba spin-orbit coupling (RSOC), the exchange energy, and the Fermi wave-vector mismatch (FWM) on the conductance are all taken into account. In the absence of the FWM, it is found that far away from the gap edge the conductance is suppressed by the RSOC, while around the gap edge it is almost independent of RSOC. The interplay of the RSOC and the exchange energy causes an enhancement of the subgap conductance, which is more pronounced when the RSOC is small. When the FWM is introduced, it is shown that the conductance is monotonically enhanced as the FWM parameter decreases.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Localization and Superconductivity in Doped Semiconductors
Creators: name: Yanase, Youichi
name: Yorozu, Naoyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the discovery of superconductivity in boron-doped (B-doped) diamond, we investigate the localization and superconductivity in heavily doped semiconductors. The competition between Anderson localization and s-wave superconductivity is investigated from the microscopic point of view. The effect of microscopic inhomogeneity and the thermal fluctuation in superconductivity are taken into account using the self-consistent 1-loop-order theory with respect to superconducting fluctuation. The crossover from superconductivity in the host band to that in the impurity band is described on the basis of the disordered three-dimensional attractive Hubbard model for binary alloys. We show that superconductor-insulator transition (SIT) accompanies the crossover. We point out an enhancement of Cooper pairing in the crossover regime. Further localization of the electron wave function gives rise to incoherent Cooper pairs and the pseudogap above T_c. A global phase diagram is drawn for host band superconductivity, impurity band superconductivity, Anderson localization, Fermi liquid state, and pseudogap state. A theoretical interpretation is proposed for superconductivity in the doped diamond, SiC, and Si.
description: Final version for publication. To appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. (2009) No.3
Simulating Stochastic Dynamics Using Large Time Steps
Creators: name: Corradini, O.
name: Faccioli, P.
name: Orland, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We present a novel approach to investigate the long-time stochastic dynamics of multi-dimensional classical systems, in contact with a heat-bath. When the potential energy landscape is rugged, the kinetics displays a decoupling of short and long time scales and both Molecular Dynamics (MD) or Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are generally inefficient. Using a field theoretic approach, we perform analytically the average over the short-time stochastic fluctuations. This way, we obtain an effective theory, which generates the same long-time dynamics of the original theory, but has a lower time resolution power. Such an approach is used to develop an improved version of the MC algorithm, which is particularly suitable to investigate the dynamics of rare conformational transitions. In the specific case of molecular systems at room temperature, we show that elementary integration time steps used to simulate the effective theory can be chosen a factor ~100 larger than those used in the original theory. Our results are illustrated and tested on a simple system, characterized by a rugged energy landscape.
description: 17 pager, 7 figures
Higher-order phosphatase-substrate contacts terminate the integrated stress response.
Creators: name: Yan, Yahui
name: Harding, Heather P
name: Ron, David
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: Many regulatory PPP1R subunits join few catalytic PP1c subunits to mediate phosphoserine and phosphothreonine dephosphorylation in metazoans. Regulatory subunits engage the surface of PP1c, locally affecting flexible access of the phosphopeptide to the active site. However, catalytic efficiency of holophosphatases towards their phosphoprotein substrates remains unexplained. Here we present a cryo-EM structure of the tripartite PP1c-PPP1R15A-G-actin holophosphatase that terminates signaling in the mammalian integrated stress response (ISR) in the pre-dephosphorylation complex with its substrate, translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). G-actin, whose essential role in eIF2α dephosphorylation is supported crystallographically, biochemically and genetically, aligns the catalytic and regulatory subunits, creating a composite surface that engages the N-terminal domain of eIF2α to position the distant phosphoserine-51 at the active site. Substrate residues that mediate affinity for the holophosphatase also make critical contacts with eIF2α kinases. Thus, a convergent process of higher-order substrate recognition specifies functionally antagonistic phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in the ISR.
Point-contact spectroscopy of the heavy-fermion superconductor CePt$_{3}$Si
Creators: name: Onuki, R.
name: Sumiyama, A.
name: Oda, Y.
name: Yasuda, T.
name: Settai, R.
name: Onuki, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Differential resistance spectra (${\rm d}V/{\rm d}I-V$ characteristics) have been measured for point-contacts between the heavy-fermion superconductor (HFS) CePt$_{3}$Si and a normal metal. Some contacts show a peak at V=0 that is characteristic of HFS coexisting with a magnetic order such as UPd$_2$Al$_3$, UNi$_2$Al$_3$ and URu$_2$Si$_2$. The evolution of the peak occurs well above the antiferromagnetic transition temperature $T_{\rm N}\sim$ 2.2 K, so that the direct relationship with the magnetic transition is questionable. The half-width of the peak seems to reflect the crystal field splitting or the spin-wave gap as observed for the above-mentioned HFSs, possibly suggesting that some common scattering process induces the zero-bias peaks in these materials.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, To be published in J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
Technologies for African Agricultural Transformation. (2020). Pathways to transformation: A compendium of 2019 TAAT success stories. 94 pp TAAT programme IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria
Creators: name: TAAT Program
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2021

description: For the past two years, the Technologies for African Agricultural Transformation (TAAT) program has been an important engine focused on boosting farmer productivity and livelihoods through the deployment of proven agricultural technologies. What makes the program even more unique is the framework by which it operates, bringing together a consortium of Consultative Group on International Agriculture Research (CGIAR) and non-CGIAR partners to move proven technologies forward across a wide ecosystem of strategic partners intended to provide sustainable and cost-effective solutions to farmers. As TAAT efforts intensified in 2019, the program’s partners working within compacts, have been contributing more agricultural solutions and best practices across the continent to farmers and other stakeholders, through the delivery and scaling of improved cultivars of crops and breeds of livestock, and increased use of best farm management practices. This report highlights the Program's 2019 achievements and looks forward to moving this effort in 2020.
Technologies for African Agricultural Transformation Program. (2019). TAAT in 2018: Preparing for African agricultural transformation. 65 pp. TAAT programme, IITA. Ibadan, Nigeria.
Creators: name: TAAT Program
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2021

description: This report provides information on the establishment of the Technologies for African Agricultural Transformation (TAAT) Program and its first several months of operation during 2018. TAAT is one of the flagship programs that arose from the High-Level Feed Africa Conference held in Dakar in October 2015 at the initiative of the African Development Bank (AfDB). This report describes the framework of TAAT implementation to meet its role within the Feed Africa Strategy, and some of its early successes.
Helical Electromagnetic Field Dynamics: A Spiral-Wound Extension to Maxwellian Formalism
Creators: name: Smith, Keaton
name: AI, Claude 3.7 Sonnet
name: GPT, Chat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Physics
subject: Mathematical physics
subject: Nuclear physics
subject: Quantum physics
subject: Theoretical physics
subject: Entropy
subject: Entity
subject: Spiral Electromagnetism
subject: Wound Channel
subject: Polarization Memory
subject: Helical Propagation
subject: Temporal Flip Plane
subject: Curvature
subject: Curvature Modulation
subject: Entity Phase Engine

description: This paper presents a novel extension to classical electromagnetism by embedding electromagnetic (EM) wave dynamics within a spiral wound geometry. By interpreting field propagation as a helical structure oscillating across forward and retrograde time domains, we derive an augmented form of Maxwell’s equations and formulate a Lagrangian that incorporates curvature, azimuthal twist, and radial memory. We establish formal connections between our spiral phase formalism and quantum wave functions, provide mathematical grounding for a new form of signal modulation based on the time-coherence constant Ki, and develop explicit field solutions that demonstrate “wound channel” behavior. This leads to a richer understanding of signal propagation, polarization, and resonance encoding, offering new avenues for 3D signal modulation and potentially unlocking methods of energy transfer or resonance manipulation not accessible through flat models.
Academic self-handicapping : prevalence and its impact on engagement with academic supports in a tertiary environment
Creators: name: Chakouch, KL
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Self-handicapping has been documented to have strong positive correlations with disengagement from learning, poor adjustment, and academic underachievement. The present longitudinal study investigated changes in self-handicapping strategies in response to evaluative threat and changes to study load during university students' first semester study, and its impact on engagement with academic supports. The hypothesis indicating that self-handicapping behaviour would change over time was not supported, however participants who reported low protective factors associated with poor academic achievement scored higher on self-handicapping measures than those whose scores reflected high protective factors associated with academic achievement. As expected, high self-handicappers invested less time in personal study but only for core units associated with meeting the requirements to completing one's degree. No significant differences between high and low self-handicappers were observed with engagement with support programs, however the direction of these means were counterintuitive to those originally hypothesised with high self-handicappers attending more Peer Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) core to their degree than low self-handicappers. It was concluded that self-handicapping strategies were stable within a semester of study, with evidence that university resources should be directed towards supports and interventions implemented early within the first semester of study.
Astrophysical Uncertainties in the Cosmic Ray Electron and Positron Spectrum From Annihilating Dark Matter
Creators: name: Simet, Melanie
name: Hooper, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, a number of experiments have been conducted with the goal of studying cosmic rays at GeV to TeV energies. This is a particularly interesting regime from the perspective of indirect dark matter detection. To draw reliable conclusions regarding dark matter from cosmic ray measurements, however, it is important to first understand the propagation of cosmic rays through the magnetic and radiation fields of the Milky Way. In this paper, we constrain the characteristics of the cosmic ray propagation model through comparison with observational inputs, including recent data from the CREAM experiment, and use these constraints to estimate the corresponding uncertainties in the spectrum of cosmic ray electrons and positrons from dark matter particles annihilating in the halo of the Milky Way.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures
Measuring Temperature Gradients over Nanometer Length Scales
Creators: name: Hoffmann, E. A.
name: Nilsson, H. A.
name: Matthews, J. E.
name: Nakpathomkun, N.
name: Persson, A. I.
name: Samuelson, L.
name: Linke, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a quantum dot is subjected to a thermal gradient, the temperature of electrons entering the dot can be determined from the dot's thermocurrent if the conductance spectrum and background temperature are known. We demonstrate this technique by measuring the temperature difference across a 15 nm quantum dot embedded in a nanowire. This technique can be used when the dot's energy states are separated by many kT and will enable future quantitative investigations of electron-phonon interaction, nonlinear thermoelectric effects, and the effciency of thermoelectric energy conversion in quantum dots.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
MPEC 2024-S118 : 2024 ST2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 ST2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.