cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Introducing the step Monte Carlo method for simulating dynamic properties
Creators: name: Sztenkiel, Dariusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we introduce a simple modification of the Monte Carlo algorithm, which we call step Monte Carlo (sMC). The sMC approach allows to simulate processes far from equilibrium and obtain information about the dynamic properties of the system under investigation. In the approach proposed here the probability of accepting the final (trial) state depends on the activation energy, not on the relative energy between the final and initial state. This barrier height is probed on an ongoing basis, by generating intermediate states along the path connecting the initial and trial positions. Importantly, to calculate the activation energy, our model only requires knowledge of the Hamiltonian without having to introduce additional input parameters such as transition rates etc. The details of sMC are explained for the case of a simple spin model. The comparison of its results with the ones obtained within the frame of stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert indicates the correctness of sMC. In our opinion, the proposed here method can be applied to simulate other processes, for example dynamics of classical atoms and complex fluids, diffusion, nucleation, surface adsorption and crystal growth processes.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Political settlements: the history of an idea in policy and theory
Creators: name: Ingram, Sue
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT: State, Society and Governance in Melanesia (SSGM), Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University
Year: 2014
Subjects: politics
political settlement
development
fragile states

description: Over the past five years, several major international development policy statements and declarations have adopted ‘political settlement’ as a framing concept to guide statebuilding practice in fragile and conflict-affected states, and encouraged efforts towards achieving an inclusive, or inclusive enough, political settlement in order to underpin stability. Despite the policy enthusiasm, the concept itself remains elusive.1 This discussion paper explores how the concept ‘political settlement’ arose and where it came from, identifies its essential elements and the level of consensus around them and tests out some of its normative content. Finally it considers where the concept might go from here.
Eesti laste esimesed sõnad: MacArthuri-Batesi suhtlemise arengu testi tulemused
Creators: name: Schults, Astra
name: Tulviste, Tiia
name: Kaljumäe, Kai
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2013
Subjects: esimese keele omandamine, kõneloome, keel ja sugu, eesti keel

description: Eesmärgid. Uurida 8 kuni 16 kuu vanuste eesti laste sõnavara suurust ja koostist; kirjeldada selles vanuses laste sõnavara vanusekuude kaupa ning otsida võimalikke erinevusi poiste ja tüdrukute sõnavara suuruses ja koostises. Meetod. Uurimuses kasutati MacArthuri-Batesi suhtlemise arengu testi „Sõnad ja suhtlemisliigutused“eesti adaptatsiooni (ECDI). Testi täitsid 593 lapse vanemad.Tulemused. Lapsevanemate taidetud testide tulemuste kohaselt utlevad eesti lapsed esimese sona 10 kuu vanuselt, 12 kuu vanuselt utlevad lapsed keskmiselt 11 sona. Hüppeline kasv laste sõnavara suuruses toimub 14. elukuul, mil senine sõnavara kahekordistub. Teine sarnane järsk sõnavara suurenemine leiab aset 16. elukuul. Igas vanuses oli lapsi, kelle sõnavara oli keskmisest oluliselt erinev. Eesti laste esimeste sõnade hulka kuuluvad nimetused oluliste inimeste kohta (nt ema, isa, tita), korduvate sotsiaalsete tegevustega kaasnevad sõnad (nt aitäh, nämm-nämm, aidaa) ning mõnede esemete ja elusolendite kohta kasutatavad sõnad (nt auto, lamp, koer, kass, karu).Järeldused. Eesti väikelapse kõne arengumuster on nii sõnavara suuruse kui ka koostise poolest võrreldav teisi keeli rääkivate laste sõnavara arenguga.

Eesti Arst 2013; 92(1):21–27
description: Eesti Arst, Jaanuar 2013
Fundamental measurements with muons - View from PSI
Creators: name: Lauss, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Muons can serve as probes to precisely determine fundamental parameters of the Standard Model or search for `new physics'. The high intensity muon beams at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) allow for precision measurements and searches for rare or forbidden processes. Both types of experiments challenge the Standard Model in a way complementary to high energy physics. We give a short overview of recent results and ongoing experiments at PSI, and of ideas for the future.
description: 7 pages, 4 Figures Proceedings of the PANIC'08 Conference, Eilat, Israel, (invited talk)
Nomen non est omen: Why it is too soon to identify ultra-compact objects as black holes
Creators: name: Murk, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black holes play a pivotal role in the foundations of physics, but there is an alarming discrepancy between what is considered to be a black hole in observational astronomy and theoretical studies. Despite claims to the contrary, we argue that identifying the observed astrophysical black hole candidates as genuine black holes is not justified based on the currently available observational data, and elaborate on the necessary evidence required to support such a remarkable claim. In addition, we investigate whether the predictions of semiclassical gravity are equally compatible with competing theoretical models, and find that semiclassical arguments favor horizonless configurations.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure. Published version. Selected Honorable Mention in the 2023 Gravity Research Foundation Essay Competition. Comments welcome!
Pärilik pika QT sündroom
Creators: name: Pajusalu, Sander
name: Žordania, Riina
name: Jalas, Tiiu
name: Paju, Rain
name: Õunap, Katrin
name: Reimand, Tiia
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2013
Subjects: pika QT sündroom, südamerütmihäired, äkksurm, sünkoop, geneetilised uuringud

description: Pärilik pika QT sündroom on geneetilise etioloogiaga südame elektrofüsioloogiline häire, mida iseloomustab EKGs QT-aja pikenemine, T-saki anomaaliad ning ventrikulaarse tahhükardia torsade de pointes’i tüüpi paroksüsmid koos sünkoobiga. Võimalik on ka vatsakeste fibrillatsiooni teke ja seega kardiaalne äkksurm, mis võib olla haiguse esmaavaldumiseks.

Vastavalt haigust põhjustavale geenimutatsioonile jaotatakse pärilik pika QT sündroom 13 alavormi. Haiguse diagnoosimise ja riski prognoosimise puhul on oluline lähtuda nii patsiendi kliinilisest leiust (sh EKG), perekonna anamneesist kui ka näidustuse korral molekulaardiagnostikast.
Ravi eesmärgiks on kardiaalsete sünkoopide ja äkksurmade ennetamine, milleks tuleb patsiendil rakendada elustiili muutusi, medikamentoosset ravi beetablokaatoritega ning vajaduse korral paigaldada ka implanteeritav kardioverter-defibrillaator.

Eesti Arst 2013; 92(1):28–33
description: Eesti Arst, Jaanuar 2013
No evidence of superconductivity in the compressed sample prepared from the lutetium foil and H2/N2 gas mixture
Creators: name: Cai, Shu
name: Guo, Jing
name: Shu, Haiyun
name: Yang, Liuxiang
name: Wang, Pengyu
name: Zhou, Yazhou
name: Zhao, Jinyu
name: Han, Jinyu
name: Wu, Qi
name: Yang, Wenge
name: Xiang, Tao
name: Mao, Ho-kwang
name: Sun, Liling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A material described as lutetium-hydrogen-nitrogen (Lu-H-N in short) was recently claimed to have near-ambient superconductivity[Gammon et al, Nature 615, 244, 2023]. If the results could be reproduced by other teams, it would be a major scientific breakthrough. Here, we report our results of transport and structure measurements on a material prepared using the same method as that reported by Gammon et al. Our X-ray diffraction measurements indicated that the obtained sample contained three substances: the FCC-1 phase (Fm-3m) with a lattice parameter a=5.03 Å, the FCC-2 phase (Fm-3m) with a lattice parameter a= 4.755 Å and Lu metal. These two FCC phases are identical to the those reported in the so-called near-ambient superconductor. However, we found that the samples had no evidence of superconductivity, through our resistance measurements in the temperature range of 300 - 4 K and pressure range of 0.9 - 3.4 GPa, and our magnetic susceptibility measurements in the pressure range of 0.8-3.3 GPa and temperature down to 100 K. We also used a laser heating technique to heat the sample to 1800°C and found no superconductivity in the produced dark blue samples below 6.5 GPa. In addition, the color of the both samples remain dark blue in the pressure range investigated.
description: 13 pages and 4 figures
Benchmark thermochemistry of the C_nH_{2n+2} alkane isomers (n=2--8) and performance of DFT and composite ab initio methods for dispersion-driven isomeric equilibria
Creators: name: Karton, Amir
name: Gruzman, David
name: Martin, Jan M. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermochemistry of linear and branched alkanes with up to eight carbons has been reexamined by means of W4, W3.2lite and W1h theories. `Quasi-W4' atomization energies have been obtained via isodesmic and hypohomodesmotic reactions. Our best atomization energies at 0 K (in kcal/mol) are: 1220.04 n-butane, 1497.01 n-pentane, 1774.15 n-hexane, 2051.17 n-heptane, 2328.30 n-octane, 1221.73 isobutane, 1498.27 isopentane, 1501.01 neopentane, 1775.22 isohexane, 1774.61 3-methylpentane, 1775.67 diisopropyl, 1777.27 neohexane, 2052.43 isoheptane, 2054.41 neoheptane, 2330.67 isooctane, and 2330.81 hexamethylethane. Our best estimates for $ΔH^\circ_{f,298K}$ are: -30.00 n-butane, -34.84 n-pentane, -39.84 n-hexane, -44.74 n-heptane, -49.71 n-octane, -32.01 isobutane, -36.49 isopentane, -39.69 neopentane, -41.42 isohexane, -40.72 3-methylpentane, -42.08 diisopropyl, -43.77 neohexane, -46.43 isoheptane, -48.84 neoheptane, -53.29 isooctane, and -53.68 hexamethylethane. These are in excellent agreement (typically better than 1 kJ/mol) with the experimental heats of formation at 298 K obtained from the CCCBDB and/or NIST Chemistry WebBook databases. However, at 0 K a large discrepancy between theory and experiment (1.1 kcal/mol) is observed for only neopentane. This deviation is mainly due to the erroneous heat content function for neopentane used in calculating the 0 K CCCBDB value. The thermochemistry of these systems, especially of the larger alkanes, is an extremely difficult test for density functional methods. A posteriori corrections for dispersion are essential. Particularly for the atomization energies, the B2GP-PLYP and B2K-PLYP double-hybrids, and the PW6B95 hybrid-meta GGA clearly outperform other DFT functionals.
description: (J. Phys. Chem. A, in press)
Patsiendi omaosalus soodusravimite ostmisel ja selle vähendamisele suunatud abinõud
Creators: name: Laidmäe, Erki
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2013
Subjects: omaosalus, soodusravimid, ravimite väljakirjutamine

description: Ravimite ostmisega seotud omaosaluse all mõistetakse rahasummat, mille patsient peab temale määratud soodusravimite eest tasuma ise, ehk seda osa ravimi maksumusest, mida ei kata ravikindlustus. Omaosalust rakendatakse patsiendi vastutuse tagamiseks, muu hulgas eesmärgiga vähendada ravikindlustuse ressursikulu olukorras, kus patsient tegelikult ei kasuta temale väljakirjutatud ravimeid. Samas võib liiga suur omaosalus, eriti väiksema sissetulekuga leibkonna liikmete puhul muutuda teguriks, mis pärsib ravisoovitustest kinnipidamist. Viimastel aastatel on omaosalusele retseptiravimite ostmisel viidatud kui murekohale, mille vähendamisega tuleks aktiivselt tegeleda. Artiklis on antud ülevaade ravimite soetamisel liiga suure omaosaluse tekkimise põhjustest ja selle vältimise võimalustest. Samuti on kirjeldatud konkreetseid samme, mida probleemi leevendamiseks on astutud. Omaosaluse määr kasvas pidevalt kuni 2009. aastani, mil see ulatus 8,02 euroni ühe soodusretsepti kohta. 2012. aasta esimese 9 kuu andmete järgi oli soodusretseptiga määratud ravimi puhune omaosalus tipptasemega võrreldes juba 17% soodsam, makstes 6,65 eurot.
 Eesti Arst 2013; 92(1):34–38
description: Eesti Arst, Jaanuar 2013
Constraining the equation of state of hybrid stars using recent information from multidisciplinary physics
Creators: name: Shirke, Swarnim
name: Ghosh, Suprovo
name: Chatterjee, Debarati
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At the ultra-high densities existing in the core of neutron stars, it is expected that a phase transition from baryonic to deconfined quark matter may occur. Such a phase transition would affect the underlying equation of state (EoS) as well as the observable astrophysical properties of neutron stars. Comparison of EoS model predictions with astronomical data from multi-messenger signals then provides us an opportunity to probe the behaviour of dense matter. In this work, we restrict the allowed parameter space of EoS models in neutron stars for both nucleonic (relativistic mean field model) and quark matter (bag model) sectors by imposing state-of-the-art constraints from nuclear calculations, multi-messenger astrophysical data and perturbative QCD (pQCD). We systematically investigate the effect of each constraint on the parameter space of uncertainties using a cut-off filter scheme, as well as the correlations among the parameters and with neutron star astrophysical observables. Using the constraints, we obtain limits for maximum NS mass, maximum central density, as well as for NS radii and tidal deformability. Although pQCD constraints are only effective at very high densities, they significantly reduce the parameter space of the quark model. We also conclude that astrophysical data supports high values of the bag parameter B and disfavors the existence of a pure quark matter core in hybrid stars.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables
Healoomuline metastaseeruv leiomüoom. Haigusjuhu kirjeldus
Creators: name: Šavrova, Aleksandra
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2013
Subjects: emaka leiomüoom, healoomuline metastaseeruv leiomüoom

description: Healoomuline metastaseeruv leiomüoom on harva esinev haigus. Terminit healoomuline metastaseeruv leiomüoom (benign metastizing leiomyoma, BML) kasutas esimest korda 1937. aastal arst Steiner, kes töötas Chicago Ülikoolis. On teada et healoomulised kasvajad ei anna siirdeid, seepärast on palju vaieldud selle termini üle. Histoloogiliselt on kasvaja healoomuline, sest puuduvad põhilised pahaloomulisusele kasvajale iseloomulikud omadused nagu rohked mitoosid, rakuline atüpism ning kasvaja nekroos (1). Samas käitub BML nagu pahaloomuline kasvaja, andes siirdeid kaugelunditesse – kopsudesse, nahka, luudesse, lümfisõlmedesse, südamesse – ning retroperitoneaalsele (2). BML koosneb silelihaskoe rakkudest, mis sarnanevad emaka leiomüoomi rakkudega. Siiski on piir healoomulise ja metastaseeruva silelihaskoe kasvaja vahel jäänud histoloogiliselt siiani ebamääraseks. Tulevikus on oodata uusi markereid, mis on diferentsiaaldiagnostikas abiks.
Eesti Arst 2013; 92(1):39–41
description: Eesti Arst, Jaanuar 2013
Structural regulation of mechanical gating in molecular junctions
Creators: name: Pabi, Biswajit
name: Šebesta, Jakub
name: Korytár, Richard
name: Tal, Oren
name: Pal, Atindra Nath
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In contrast to silicon-based transistors, single molecule junctions can be gated by simple mechanical means. Specifically, charge can be transferred between the junction's electrodes and its molecular bridge when the interelectrode distance is modified, leading to variations in the electronic transport properties of the junction. While this effect has been studied extensively, the influence of the molecule orientation on mechanical gating has not been addressed, despite its potential influence on the gating effectiveness. Here, we show that the same molecular junction can experience either clear mechanical gating or none, depending on the molecule orientation in the junctions. The effect is found in silver-ferrocene-silver break junctions, and analyzed in view of ab-initio and transport calculations, where the influence of molecular orbitals geometry on charge transfer to or from the molecule is revealed. The molecule orientation is thus a new degree of freedom that can be used to optimize mechanically-gated molecular junctions.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Milky Way globular clusters on cosmological timescales. I. Evolution of the orbital parameters in time-varying potentials
Creators: name: Ishchenko, M.
name: Sobolenko, M.
name: Berczik, P.
name: Khoperskov, S.
name: Omarov, C.
name: Sobodar, O.
name: Makukov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Recent observational data show that the Milky Way (MW) galaxy contains about 170 globular clusters (GCs). A fraction of them is likely formed in dwarf galaxies accreted onto the MW in the past, while the remaining of clusters are formed in-situ. Therefore, different parameters, including orbits, of the globular clusters is a valuable tool for studying the Milky Way evolution. However, since the evolution of the 3D mass distribution of the MW is poorly constrained, the orbits of the clusters are usually calculated in static potentials. Aims. In this work, we study the evolution of the GCs in several external potentials, where we aim to quantify the effects of the evolving galaxy potential on the orbits of the GCs. Methods. For the orbits calculation we used five MW-like potentials from IllustrisTNG-100 simulation. The orbits of 159 GCs were integrated using a high-order N-body parallel dynamic code phi-GPU, with initial conditions obtained from recent Gaia DR3 catalogues. Results. We provide a classification of the GCs orbits according to their 3D shapes and association with different components of the MW (disk, halo, bulge). We also found that the globular clusters in the external potentials have roughly similar energy-angular momentum distributions at the present time. However, both total energy and total angular momentum of the GCs are not conserved due to time-varying nature of the potentials. In some extreme cases, the total energy can change up to 40% (18 objects) over the last 5 Gyr of evolution. We found that the in-situ formed GCs are less affected by the evolution of the TNG potentials as compared to the clusters which are likely formed ex-situ. Therefore, our results suggest that time-varying potentials significantly affect the orbits of the GC, thus making it vital for understanding the formation of the MW.
description: 19 pages, 17 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Characterisation of the upper atmospheres of HAT-P-32 b, WASP-69 b, GJ 1214 b, and WASP-76 b through their He I triplet absorption
Creators: name: Lampón, M.
name: López-Puertas, M.
name: Sanz-Forcada, J.
name: Czesla, S.
name: Nortmann, L.
name: Casasayas-Barris, N.
name: Orell-Miquel, J.
name: Sánchez-López, A.
name: Danielski, C.
name: Pallé, E.
name: Molaverdikhani, K.
name: Henning, Th.
name: Caballero, J. A.
name: Amado, P. J.
name: Quirrenbach, A.
name: Reiners, A.
name: Ribas, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Characterisation of atmospheres undergoing photo-evaporation is key to understanding the formation, evolution, and diversity of planets. However, only a few upper atmospheres that experience this kind of hydrodynamic escape have been characterised. Our aim is to characterise the upper atmospheres of the hot Jupiters HAT-P-32 b and WASP-69 b, the warm sub-Neptune GJ 1214 b, and the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-76 b through high-resolution observations of their HeI triplet absorption. In addition, we also reanalyse the warm Neptune GJ 3470 b and the hot Jupiter HD 189733 b. We used a spherically symmetric 1D hydrodynamic model coupled with a non-local thermodynamic equilibrium model. Comparing synthetic absorption spectra with observations, we constrained the main parameters of the upper atmosphere of these planets and classify them according to their hydrodynamic regime. Our results show that HAT-P-32 b photo-evaporates at (130$\pm$70)$\times$10$^{11}$ gs$^{-1}$ with a hot (12 400$\pm$2900 K) upper atmosphere; WASP-69 b loses its atmosphere at (0.9$\pm$0.5)$\times$10$^{11}$ gs$^{-1}$ and 5250$\pm$750 K; and GJ 1214 b, with a relatively cold outflow of 3750$\pm$750 K, photo-evaporates at (1.3$\pm$1.1)$\times$10$^{11}$ gs$^{-1}$. For WASP-76 b, its weak absorption prevents us from constraining its temperature and mass-loss rate significantly; we obtained ranges of 6000-17 000\,K and 23.5$\pm$21.5$\times$10$^{11}$ gs$^{-1}$. Our reanalysis of GJ 3470 b yields colder temperatures, 3400$\pm$350 K, but practically the same mass-loss rate as in our previous results. Our reanalysis of HD 189733 b yields a slightly higher mass-loss rate, (1.4$\pm$0.5)$\times$10$^{11}$ gs$^{-1}$, and temperature, 12 700$\pm$900 K compared to previous estimates. Our results support that photo-evaporated outflows tend to be very light.
Ühe aeroobikastiili spordimeditsiiniline ja psühho-füsioloogiline analüüs
Creators: name: Nurmekivi, Ants
name: Pihl, Eve
name: Slavin, Georgi
name: Neissaar, Inge
name: Kippasto, Merike
name: Jürimäe, Toivo
name: Karu, Toomas
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2003
Subjects: aeroobika, pulsisagedus, laktaat, anaeroobne lävi, subjektiivne hinnang

description: Analüüsis  hinnati  21  naisel  aeroobikatunni  erinevate  osade  ajal ja selle järel pulsisagedust  ja vere  laktaadisisaldust  ning küsiti  subjektiivset hinnangut  rakendatud koormusele. Saadud 65 näitajat analüüsiti spetsiaalse arvutiprogrammi abil. Ilmnes, et horisontaalasendis  tehtud  harjutuste  korral  madala  pulsisageduse  juures  ületasid laktaadiväärtused veres anaeroobse läve.
description: Eesti Arst, Detsember 2003
Ülevaade kaltsiumikanali antagonistide toimest endoteelile
Creators: name: Pulges, Andres
name: Kals, Jaak
name: Zilmer, Mihkel
name: Kampus, Priit
name: Teesalu, Rein
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2003
Subjects: endoteel, arteriaalse süsteemi jäikus, hüpertooniatõbi, kaltsiumikanali antagonistid

description: Kahjustunud endoteeli  funktsioon on hüpertensiooni oluliseks riskiteguriks  ja kliinilist kulgu  määravaks  faktoriks,  mille  mõjutamise  kaudu  on  võimalik  vähendada haigestumust ning suremust kardiovaskulaarsüsteemi haigustesse. Arvestades endoteeli keskset  rolli  hüpertensiooni  patogeneesis,  on  hakatud  uurima  erinevate antihüpertensiivsete ravimirühmade toimet endoteeli funktsioonile, arteriaalse süsteemi jäikusele  ja  arteriseina  strukturaalsetele  aterosklerootilistele  muutustele.
description: Eesti Arst, Detsember 2003
Quantum gas microscopy of a geometrically frustrated Hubbard system
Creators: name: Mongkolkiattichai, Jirayu
name: Liu, Liyu
name: Garwood, Davis
name: Yang, Jin
name: Schauss, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Geometrically frustrated many-particle quantum systems are notoriously hard to study numerically but are of profound interest because of their unusual properties and emergent phenomena. In these systems energetic constraints cannot be minimized simultaneously, leading to large ground-state degeneracy and a variety of exotic quantum phases. Here, we present a platform that enables unprecedentedly detailed experimental exploration of geometrically frustrated electronic systems on lattices with triangular geometry. We demonstrate the first realization of triangular atomic Hubbard systems, directly image Mott insulators in the triangular geometry with single-atom and single-site resolution, and measure antiferromagnetic spin-spin correlations for all nearest neighbors allowing for thermometry. This platform provides a powerful new approach for studying exotic quantum magnetism and direct detection of quantum spin liquid signatures in Hubbard systems.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 3 of Geographical origin of Plasmodium vivax in the Hainan Island, China: insights from mitochondrial genome
Creators: name: Li, Yuchun
name: Huang, Xiaomin
name: Qing, Ling
name: Zeng, Wen
name: Zeng, Xiangjie
name: Meng, Feng
name: Wang, GuangZe
name: Chen, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: The calculation for covariance components within population, among population/within group, and among populations.
Positron scattering and annihilation from the hydrogen molecule at zero energy
Creators: name: Zhang, J. -Y.
name: Mitroy, J.
name: Varga, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The confined variational method is used to generate a basis of correlated gaussians to describe the interaction region wave function for positron scattering from the H$_2$ molecule. The scattering length was $\approx -2.7$ $a_0$ while the zero energy $Z_{\rm eff}$ of 15.7 is compatible with experimental values. The variation of the scattering length and $Z_{\rm eff}$ with inter-nuclear distance was surprisingly rapid due to virtual state formation at $R \approx 3.4$ $a_0$.
Electronic band structure changes across the antiferromagnetic phase transition of exfoliated MnPS$_3$ probed by $μ$-ARPES
Creators: name: Strasdas, Jeff
name: Pestka, Benjamin
name: Rybak, Milosz
name: Budniak, Adam K.
name: Leuth, Niklas
name: Boban, Honey
name: Feyer, Vitaliy
name: Cojocariu, Iulia
name: Baranowski, Daniel
name: Avila, José
name: Dudin, Pavel
name: Bostwick, Aaron
name: Jozwiak, Chris
name: Rotenberg, Eli
name: Autieri, Carmine
name: Amouyal, Yaron
name: Plucinski, Lukasz
name: Lifshitz, Efrat
name: Birowska, Magdalena
name: Morgenstern, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2

description: Exfoliated magnetic 2D materials enable versatile tuning of magnetization, e.g., by gating or providing proximity-induced exchange interaction. However, their electronic band structure after exfoliation has not been probed, most likely due to their photochemical sensitivity. Here, we provide micron-scale angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of the exfoliated intralayer antiferromagnet MnPS$_3$ above and below the Néel temperature down to one monolayer. The favorable comparison with density functional theory calculations enables to identify the orbital character of the observed bands. Consistently, we find pronounced changes across the Néel temperature for bands that consist of Mn 3d and 3p levels of adjacent S atoms. The deduced orbital mixture indicates that the superexchange is relevant for the magnetic interaction. There are only minor changes between monolayer and thicker films demonstrating the predominant 2D character of MnPS$_3$. The novel access is transferable to other MPX$_3$ materials (M: transition metal, P: phosphorus, X: chalcogenide) providing a multitude of antiferromagnetic arrangements.
description: 26 pages, 17 figures
Spinaalkateetrite kasutamine kliinilises praktikas
Creators: name: Kaasik, Ain-Elmar
name: Sell, Andres
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2003
Subjects: spinaalkateetrid, kasutamise ajalugu, tehnika, kasutusalad, kliiniline kogemus

description: Spinaalkateetreid  kasutatakse  valdavalt  anestesioloogias spinaalanesteesia  ja  valuravi eesmärgil.  Neurokirurgilistel  haigetel  võimaldavad  spinaalkateetrid  vähendada koljusisest rõhku ning nende kasutamisest  tingitud  tüsistuste risk on väike. Artiklis on antud  lühiülevaade  spinaalkateetrite kasutamise võimalustest kliinilises  töös,  tuginedes 75 haigel rakendatud protseduuri positiivsele isiklikule kogemusele.
description: Eesti Arst, Detsember 2003
The Mantis Network III: Expanding the limits of chemical searches within ultra hot-Jupiters. New detections of Ca I, V I, Ti I, Cr I, Ni I, Sr II, Ba II, and Tb II in KELT-9 b
Creators: name: Borsato, N. W.
name: Hoeijmakers, H. J.
name: Prinoth, B.
name: Thorsbro, B.
name: Forsberg, R.
name: Kitzmann, D.
name: Jones, K.
name: Heng, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cross-correlation spectroscopy is an invaluable tool in the study of exoplanets. However, aliasing between spectral lines makes it vulnerable to systematic biases. This work strives to constrain the aliases of the cross-correlation function to provide increased confidence in the detections of elements in the atmospheres of ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) observed with high-resolution spectrographs. We use a combination of archival transit observations of the UHJ KELT-9 b obtained with the HARPS-N and CARMENES spectrographs and show that it is possible to leverage each instrument's strengths to produce robust detections at substantially reduced signal-to-noise. Aliases that become present at low signal-to-noise regimes are constrained through a linear regression model. We confirm previous detections of H I, Na I, Mg I, Ca II, Sc II, Ti II, Cr II, Fe I, and Fe II, and detect eight new species Ca I, Cr I, Ni I, Sr II, Tb II at the 5$σ$ level and Ti I, V I, Ba II above the 3$σ$ level. Ionised terbium (Tb II) has never before been seen in an exoplanet atmosphere. We further conclude that a 5$σ$ threshold may not provide a reliable measure of confidence when used to claim detections, unless the systematics in the cross-correlation function caused by aliases are taken into account.
description: Accepted for publication on the 1st of April 2023
Evidence for a compact jet dominating the broadband spectrum of the black hole accretor XTE J1550-564
Creators: name: Russell, D. M.
name: Maitra, D.
name: Dunn, R. J. H.
name: Markoff, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [abridged] The black hole X-ray binary XTE J1550-564 was monitored extensively at X-ray, optical and infrared wavelengths throughout its outburst in 2000. We show that it is possible to separate the optical/near-infrared (OIR) jet emission from the OIR disc emission. Focussing on the jet component, we find that as the source fades in the X-ray hard state, the OIR jet emission has a spectral index consistent with optically thin synchrotron emission (alpha ~ -0.6 to -0.7, where F_nu \propto nu^alpha). This jet emission is tightly and linearly correlated with the X-ray flux; L_OIR,jet \propto L_X^(0.98 +- 0.08) suggesting a common origin. This is supported by the OIR, X-ray and OIR to X-ray spectral indices being consistent with a single power law (alpha = -0.73). Ostensibly the compact, synchrotron jet could therefore account for ~ 100 % of the X-ray flux at low luminosities in the hard state. At the same time, (i) an excess is seen over the power law decay of the X-ray flux at the point in which the jet would start to dominate, (ii) the X-ray spectrum slightly softens, which seems to be due to a high energy cut-off or break shifting to a lower energy, and (iii) the X-ray rms variability increases. This may be the strongest evidence to date of synchrotron emission from the compact, steady jet dominating the X-ray flux of an X-ray binary. For XTE J1550-564, this is likely to occur within the luminosity range ~ (2 e-4 - 2 e-3) L_Edd on the hard state decline of this outburst. However, on the hard state rise of the outburst and initially on the hard state decline, the synchrotron jet can only provide a small fraction (~ a few per cent) of the X-ray flux. Both thermal Comptonization and the synchrotron jet can therefore produce the hard X-ray power law in accreting black holes.
description: MNRAS accepted, 12 pages, 9 figures
title: The Feasibility of the Location of a Steel Fabrication Plant in the State of Utah
Creators: name: Pulsipher, A. Brent
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1967

description: The feasibility of locating the major household appliance industry in Utah was studied by comparing a Utah location with present production sites for this commodity.
Major elements of cost were projected in detail according to a hypothetically constructed model. The Utah location showed advantages in transportation and labor costs while at the same time having a disadvantage in the cost of steel.
Since the analysis is made with respect to the model, which is based on certain assumptions, the use of different models would naturally lead to different results.
Both the advantages and disadvantages of the Utah location would most likely change in the event that a facility for the construction of household appliances were established in Utah. The advantages of the Utah site would become more defined .
title: Sleep Apnea Crash Risk Study [Brief]
Creators: name: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration: Technology Division
Publisher: name: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/01jt5mq34
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2004
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91821
subject: Sleep
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90810
subject: Apnea
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91882
subject: Alertness
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90683
subject: Crash causes
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90692
subject: Sleep deprivation
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91813
subject: Fatigue (Physiological condition)

description: Sleep apnea is a condition in which a narrowing or closure of the upper airway during sleep causes repeated sleep disturbances, and possible complete awakenings, leading to poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness. This study was completed to assess the risks of commercial motor vehicle (CMV) crashes due to the presence of sleep apnea among truck drivers. The primary objectives of the study were to: (1) Obtain additional and more meaningful crash data by linking the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) sleep apnea database to the FMCSA Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) crash database, (2) Understand the impact of sleep apnea and driver impairment on crash involvement, the number of crashes, and the severity of crashes, and (3) Gain insight into how crash rates are impacted before and after drivers are diagnosed with sleep apnea. The study used a modeling approach to analyze specific data regarding truck drivers and sleep apnea. The hypothesis tested was that "A driver diagnosed with sleep apnea is more likely to be involved in a motor vehicle crash than a driver with no history or symptoms of sleep apnea, after controlling for differences in the other predictor variables included in the model." The data gained in this study did not support this hypothesis.
Oportunistlikud infektsioonid II
Creators: name: Adojaan, Aleksander
name: Masso, Marika
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2003
Subjects: oportunistlikud infektsioonid, mikroseened, algloomad, AIDS

description: Oportunistlikud infektsioonid on meditsiini aktuaalseks teemaks saanud viimase kümne-viieteistkümne  aasta  kestel.  AIDSi  laialdase  levikuga  tekkinud  oportunistlike infektsioonide (OI) probleem puudutab lähitulevikus kahjuks kogu Eestit, ka arstkonda. Mitmed uued probleemid ja ülesanded on tõstatanud üleilmne AIDSi-epideemia. Seoses sellega  on  muutunud  oluliseks  hulk  infektsioone,  mida  enne  AIDSi  ajastut  ei diagnoositud.
description: Eesti Arst, Detsember 2003
An onset model of mutually catalytic self-replicative systems formed by an assembly of polynucleotides
Creators: name: Sawada, Yasuji
name: Daigaku, Yasukazu
name: Toma, Kenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-replicability is the unique attribute observed in all the living organisms and the question how the life was physically initiated could be equivalent to the question how self-replicating informative polymers were formed in the abiotic material world. It has been suggested that the present DNA and proteins world was preceded by RNA world in which genetic information of RNA molecules was replicated by the mutual catalytic function of RNA molecules. However, the important question how the transition occurred from a material world to the very early pre-RNA world remains unsolved experimentally nor theoretically. We present an onset model of mutually catalytic self-replicative systems formed in an assembly of polynucleotides. A quantitative expression of the critical condition for the onset of growing fluctuation towards self-replication in this model is obtained by analytical and numerical calculations.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review E
On the critical role of martensite hardening behavior in the paradox of local and global ductility in dual-phase steels
Creators: name: Rezazadeh, V.
name: Peerlings, R. H. J.
name: Hoefnagels, J. P. M.
name: Geers, M. G. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental findings in the literature reveal that DP steels with identical strength and composition, but different microstructures, exhibit inconsistent trends under either necking-controlled or damage-controlled ductility tests. A special case of this phenomenon is referred to in the forming community as the cut-edge failure or edge cracking issue of DP steels. It is observed that globally ductile microstructures are prone to premature damage at cut edges while a comparatively less ductile DP steel performs better under the locally applied deformation at such edges. In this paper, a systematical statistical study is conducted to analyse this paradox from a micromechanical point of view. The obtained results qualitatively confirm the experimental observations and allowed us to explain/rationalize them, as follows. To reach a higher necking-controlled ductility, i.e. global ductility, the mechanical contrast between ferrite and martensite must be increased. Since martensite reveals a very high initial hardening and fast saturation, activation of martensite plasticity will lead to early necking in the microstructure and should therefore be avoided; a high mechanical phase contrast has this effect. However, at the same time a higher mechanical phase contrast is detrimental for the local ductility. More heterogeneity in the microstructure causes the generation of higher local plastic strains and triaxial stresses which leads to early damages. Therefore, in DP steel, increasing the global ductility may come at the expense of decreasing local ductility, and vice versa. The martensite hardening behavior is the main factor governing this phenomenon, and therefore also constitutes the key to processing improved steels that combine the best of both.
title: The Free Sterol Content of Selected Clones of Alfalfa as Related to Seed Infestation by the Alfalfa Seed Chalcid
Creators: name: Richards, Rex Alton
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1967

description: The infestation of twelve selected clones of alfalfa by the alfalfa seed chalcid was measured. The free sterol content of the stems, leaves, f lowers and pods of these clones was determined. A check was made to see if there was a correlation between the sterol content and the chalcid infestation.
Differences were found among t he clones in the sterol content for each plant part. There were also significant differences in percent chalcid infestation in the 12 clones. Duncan ' s New Multiple Range Test pointed out which clones differed Significantly from the others.
Using linear regression analysis, the correlation coefficient of the comparison between the sterol content and the chalcid infestation was obtained.
There was a significant negative correlation between the sterol content of the flower and the percent chalcid infestation. No significant correlation was found between t he sterol content of the stems, leaves or pods and the percent chalcid infestation.
Naised meditsiinis: pinged ja lahendused
Creators: name: Gautam, Mamta
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2003
Subjects: naisarstid, füüsiline ja emotsionaalne pinge, stress, läbipõlemine, stressiga toimetulek

description: Üha rohkem naisi valib tänapäeval oma erialaks meditsiini. Naisarstide pingeallikad on töökeskkond ja kodune elu, mis tekitavad stressi, kui nad neid konkureerivaid nõudmisi püüavad  tasakaalu  viia. Pikaajalise pinge  tagajärjeks  võib  olla  läbipõlemine, mis  toob kaasa  tõsiseid  füüsilisi  ja emotsionaalseid probleeme. Et  stressiga paremini  toime tulla ja  töös  edukas  olla,  peaksid  naisarstid  oma  pingetega  aktiivselt  tegelema. Käesolevas artiklis  räägibki  autor,  kuidas  stressi  ära  tunda,  ning  annab  soovitusi  sellest vabanemiseks.
description: Eesti Arst, Detsember 2003
title: An Evaluation of Control on the Pocket Gopher, Thomomys Talpoides, on the Cache National Forest, Utah
Creators: name: Richens, Voit B.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1967

description: The Monte Cristo area of the Cache National Forest has consistently supported a heavy pocket gopher infestation for many years. In 1957, and several succeeding years, infested range was treated with poisoned grain for pocket gopher control. Nearby range (also infested) was no t treated. Thus, gopher- control l ed range became available for comparative study, with period s of successive annual control of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years. Within each of these areas (designated as treatments) were located two study sites in 1961 and three in 1962. Within each study site were three sample areas, and just out side each study site were two trap blocks.
Half-acre trap blocks were saturated with snap t raps for 3- consecutive days to give a 3-day population index ; this was converted to population per acre by treatments for use with regression analysis. Mound and cast counts, which have been widely used as indicators of the relative abundance of gophers were made on the 1-acre sample areas of each treatment. Within these sample areas line-plot transects were used to obtain in format ion on perennial plant numbers and yield, annual plant abundance, and "bulbed plant" abundance.
Naha sügelustunne psoriaasihaigetel
Creators: name: Elberg, Elle
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2003
Subjects: psoriaas, naha sügelemine, elukvaliteet

description: Psoriaasi  korral  on  isikule  kannatuste  põhjustajaks  nii  nahalööbe  esinemine  kui samaaegne  naha  sügelemine.  Psoriaasihaige  elukvaliteeti  mõjutavate  negatiivsete faktorite  korrelatsioonanalüüsil  oli  naha  intensiivne  sügelemine  haigele  kannatuste põhjustajana  teisel  kohal.  Kõige  rohkem  kannatusi  põhjustas  haigetele  nahalööbe segav  mõju  inimestevahelises  suhtlemises.  Sügelustunde  häirivat mõju  konstateeris 85% psoriaasihaigetest.
description: Eesti Arst, Detsember 2003
title: Factors Influencing Meat Consumption in the Home, Cache and Box Elder Counties, Utah, 1965-1966
Creators: name: Evans, William Duane
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1967

description: Meat is important in the American diet. Money spent for meat ranks as the largest single item in the family food dollar. Various studies indicate that the proportion of the food dollar spent for meat ranges from 25 to 30 percent. Such foods as dairy products and fresh and frozen fruits and vegetables calculated as separate groups account for a smaller single percentage than meat. Dairy products, the one of next importance to meat, account for approximately 18 percent of the consumer's food dollar.
Theoretical expectations for a fractional quantum Hall effect in graphene
Creators: name: Papić, Z.
name: Goerbig, M. O.
name: Regnault, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to its fourfold spin-valley degeneracy, graphene in a strong magnetic field may be viewed as a four-component quantum Hall system. We investigate the consequences of this particular structure on a possible, yet unobserved, fractional quantum Hall effect in graphene within a trial-wavefunction approach and exact-diagonalisation calculations. This trial-wavefunction approach generalises an original idea by Halperin to account for the SU(2) spin in semiconductor heterostructures with a relatively weak Zeeman effect. Whereas the four-component structure at a filling factor nu=1/3 adds simply a SU(4)-ferromagnetic spinor ordering to the otherwise unaltered Laughlin state, the system favours a valley-unpolarised state at nu=2/5 and a completely unpolarised state at nu=4/9. Due to the similar behaviour of the interaction potential in the zero-energy graphene Landau level and the first excited one, we expect these states to be present in both levels.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure; review article for Solid State Comm. (Graphene Week 2008)