cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
CRYLOGGER: Detecting Crypto Misuses Dynamically
Creators: name: Piccolboni, Luca
name: Di Guglielmo, Giuseppe
name: Carloni, Luca P.
name: Sethumadhavan, Simha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cryptographic (crypto) algorithms are the essential ingredients of all secure systems: crypto hash functions and encryption algorithms, for example, can guarantee properties such as integrity and confidentiality. Developers, however, can misuse the application programming interfaces (API) of such algorithms by using constant keys and weak passwords. This paper presents CRYLOGGER, the first open-source tool to detect crypto misuses dynamically. CRYLOGGER logs the parameters that are passed to the crypto APIs during the execution and checks their legitimacy offline by using a list of crypto rules. We compare CRYLOGGER with CryptoGuard, one of the most effective static tools to detect crypto misuses. We show that our tool complements the results of CryptoGuard, making the case for combining static and dynamic approaches. We analyze 1780 popular Android apps downloaded from the Google Play Store to show that CRYLOGGER can detect crypto misuses on thousands of apps dynamically and automatically. We reverse-engineer 28 Android apps and confirm the issues flagged by CRYLOGGER. We also disclose the most critical vulnerabilities to app developers and collect their feedback.
description: To appear in the Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security & Privacy (SP) 2021
AN INCOMPLETE CONTRACTS MODEL OF DAIRY ENTERPRISE ORGANIZATION
Creators: name: Mussell, Al
name: Eidman, Vernon R.
name: Mussell, Al
name: Eidman, Vernon R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Industrial Organization
Livestock Production/Industries

description: An empirical incomplete contracts approach is used to analyze optimal integration schemes in a Minnesota dairy farm supply chain that transfers feed and manure. The results show that the forage enterprise is the constraining factor. The preferred ownership structure is for a forage producer to own cropping and dairy assets.
Quantum stream cipher by Yuen 2000 protocol: Design and experiment by intensity modulation scheme
Creators: name: Hirota, Osamu
name: Sohma, Masaki
name: Fuse, Masaru
name: Kato, Kentaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper shall investigate Yuen protocol, so called Y-00, which can realize a randomized stream cipher with high bit rate(Gbps) for long distance(several hundreds km). The randomized stream cipher with randomization by quantum noise based on Y-00 is called quantum stream cipher in this paper, and it may have security against known plaintext attacks which has no analog with any conventional symmetric key ciphers. We present a simple cryptanalysis based on an attacker's heterodyne measurement and the quantum unambiguous measurement to make clear the strength of Y-00 in real communication. In addition, we give a design for the implementation of an intensity modulation scheme and report the experimental demonstration of 1 Gbps quantum stream cipher through 20 km long transmission line.
description: This paper will appear in Phys. Rev. A
Are there any 'object detectors' in the hidden layers of CNNs trained to identify objects or scenes?
Creators: name: Gale, Ella M.
name: Martin, Nicholas
name: Blything, Ryan
name: Nguyen, Anh
name: Bowers, Jeffrey S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: I.2.6; I.2.10; I.4.10; I.4.0; J.4
subject: 68-T02

description: Various methods of measuring unit selectivity have been developed with the aim of better understanding how neural networks work. But the different measures provide divergent estimates of selectivity, and this has led to different conclusions regarding the conditions in which selective object representations are learned and the functional relevance of these representations. In an attempt to better characterize object selectivity, we undertake a comparison of various selectivity measures on a large set of units in AlexNet, including localist selectivity, precision, class-conditional mean activity selectivity (CCMAS), network dissection,the human interpretation of activation maximization (AM) images, and standard signal-detection measures. We find that the different measures provide different estimates of object selectivity, with precision and CCMAS measures providing misleadingly high estimates. Indeed, the most selective units had a poor hit-rate or a high false-alarm rate (or both) in object classification, making them poor object detectors. We fail to find any units that are even remotely as selective as the 'grandmother cell' units reported in recurrent neural networks. In order to generalize these results, we compared selectivity measures on units in VGG-16 and GoogLeNet trained on the ImageNet or Places-365 datasets that have been described as 'object detectors'. Again, we find poor hit-rates and high false-alarm rates for object classification. We conclude that signal-detection measures provide a better assessment of single-unit selectivity compared to common alternative approaches, and that deep convolutional networks of image classification do not learn object detectors in their hidden layers.
description: Published in Vision Research 2020, 19 pages, 8 figures
Redshifted 21 cm Emission From the Pre-Reionization Era II. HII Regions Around Individual Quasars
Creators: name: Kohler, Katharina
name: Gnedin, Nickolay Y.
name: Miralda-Escude, Jordi
name: Shaver, Peter A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use cosmological simulations of reionization to predict the effect of large HII regions around individual high-redshift quasars on the possible signal from the redshifted 21cm line of neutral hydrogen in the pre-reionization era. We show that these HII regions appear as ``spectral dips'' in frequency space with equivalent widths in excess of 3 mK MHz or depths in excess of about 1.5 mK, and that they are by far the most prominent cosmological signals in the redshifted HI distribution. These spectral dips are expected to be present in almost every line of sight. If the spectral dips of a large enough sample of HII regions are well resolved in frequency space, the distribution of line depth and equivalent width in frequency with a known observing beamsize can be used to infer the HII region size distribution and the mean difference in neutral hydrogen density between the \HII regions (which may contain self-shielded neutral gas clumps) and the surrounding medium, providing a powerful test for models of reionization.
description: Submitted to ApJ
Full-scale demonstration of a floating seal for enhanced biological nutrient removal in a sequencing batch reactor establishing chemical-free environment in wastewater treatment at low carbon source availability
Creators: name: Szombathy, Péter
name: Nagy, Kinga K.
name: Vértessy, Beáta G.
name: Jobbágy, Andrea
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Due to the cyclical nature and changing water levels in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR), oxygen diffusion and utilization can be difficult to control particularly in light of the need to conserve the limited quantity of carbon source required to optimize biological nutrient removal. During the fill period, oxygen penetration may be undesirable since heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms cause a reduction in the readily biodegradable carbon source (rbCOD). This carbon source is essential and often limited in the anaerobic and anoxic periods. As a consequence, unwanted oxygen penetration can hinder efficient biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal. The purpose of the present research was to verify the advantage of a floating seal on the continuously moving surface of an SBR reactor to minimize undesirable oxygen penetration. In the floating seal-covered SBR both nitrification and denitrification efficiency proved to be higher due to insulation, and even during wintertime biological phosphorus removal met target removals without chemical dosing. The SVI values in the two SBR trains proved to be close to each other, despite the high difference in chemical dosing. Having experienced the higher efficiency of the seal-covered train, microbiome compositions of the two differently operated systems were investigated in order to determine potential differences via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing experiments. In the samples taken from the seal-covered system, higher ratios of fermentative bacteria and phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) as well as glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) could be observed as compared to the samples deriving from the uncovered system.
THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE DEFORESTATION: THE CASE OF IMPROVED FALLOWS IN THE PERUVIAN AMAZON
Creators: name: Yanggen, David
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Yanggen, David
name: Reardon, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Land Economics/Use
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper uses a profit function theoretical approach and three stage least squares regression analysis for examining the relationship between land-intensifying technologies and deforestation in the Peruvian Amazon. This modeling approach permits analysis of the determinants of input technology adoption and how input technology choice effects deforestation rates.
The ways of learning : experienced and described by post-registered nurse learners
Creators: name: Vithanarachchi, Seetha L. H.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Contemporary nursing education may lead to changes in the learning processes used by learners, from traditional ways of transmission of knowledge to transformation of knowledge. Present trends encourage critical thinking skills in nursing practice and in nursing education, thus, facilitating nursing learners' transformation of nursing information into nursing knowledge. Identifying ways of enhancing critical thinking skills is pivotal to professional development. In this sense, identifying how these mature post registered nurse (post-RN) learners learn, and how they use critically reflective actions in learning, is important in helping learners to face the challenges of education in order to learn successfully. The way we learn to acquire a practical skill is different from the way we learn to understand information given in a lecture. Especially in higher education, learners need to think reflectively and critically. Although there are studies describe different learning styles and models of learning and the learner, reflective learning or transformative learning is not described adequately in the literature of nursing education. Mezirow's (1991) transformation theory describes the process of transformation that takes place in adult learning, where prior knowledge is transformed into new knowledge through critical reflection. This study attempted to identify the ways of learning experienced by post registered nurse (post-RN) learners, using a theoretical framework based on Mezirow's transformation theory. A qualitative, naturalistic approach was used to explore and identify post-RN learners' ways of learning. A purposive sample of 11 post registered nurse learners was used in this study. A total of three focus group interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis followed strategies of qualitative content analysis and the constant comparison method. It was also guided by Mezirow's theoretical framework. Four major themes emerged from the data: approaches to understanding, knowledge constructing, preserving knowledge, and conceptions of learning. The first three themes describe the ways of learning and the fourth one describes factors influencing learning. Participants apply this new or revised knowledge immediately or may preserve it for future use. Later, this preserved knowledge become existing knowledge and used in participants' next learning situation. Therefore, this study identifies learning as a continuous process.
Determining the structure of Ru(0001) from low-energy electron diffraction of a single terrace
Creators: name: de la Figuera, J.
name: Puerta, J. M.
name: Cerda, J. I.
name: Gabaly, F. El
name: McCarty, K. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While a perfect hcp (0001) surface has three-fold symmetry, the diffraction patterns commonly obtained are six-fold symmetric. This apparent change in symmetry occurs because on a stepped surface, the atomic layers on adjacent terraces are rotated by 180 degrees. Here we use a Low-Energy Electron Microscope to acquire the three-fold diffraction pattern from a single hcp Ru terrace and measure the intensity-vs-energy curves for several diffracted beams. By means of multiple scattering calculations fitted to the experimental data with a Pendry R-factor of 0.077, we find that the surface is contracted by 3.5(+-0.9) at 456 K.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures. Corrected some typos, added more details. Accepted for publication in Surface Science (Letters)
A Compact Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna Based on Multimode Plane Spiral OAM
Creators: name: Zhu, Zelin
name: Zheng, Shilie
name: Xiong, Xiaowen
name: Chen, Yuqi
name: Jin, Xiaofeng
name: Yu, Xianbin
name: Zhang, Xianmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Orbital angular momentum (OAM) has attracted great interest in the past few decades due to its helical phase characteristics. It has been proved that Plane spiral OAM (PSOAM) has potential in pattern reconfiguration of azimuthal domain because it solves the difficulty of mode superposition caused by different main lobe directions of different modes. However, the absence of a compact high-purity multimode PSOAM antenna hinders the development of PSOAM applications. In this paper, a compact high-purity 8-mode PSOAM antenna consisting of a coaxial resonator group (CRG) and a rotating parabolic reflector (RPR) is designed. It works in the X-band with the bandwidth of 140 MHz, and its efficiency is greater than 90$\%$. Amplitude and phase of each PSOAM beam generated by this antenna can be controlled independently owing to its feed network and separate resonators design, hence any target pattern in azimuthal domain can be approximately reconfigured by modes weighting. The simulation and experiment results show that this antenna can make the PSOAM based pattern configuration possible, which will have potential in the OAM based applications.
An Oscillon in the SU(2) Gauged Higgs Model
Creators: name: Farhi, E.
name: Graham, N.
name: Khemani, V.
name: Markov, R.
name: Rosales, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study classical dynamics in the spherical ansatz for the SU(2) gauge and Higgs fields of the electroweak Standard Model in the absence of fermions and the photon. With the Higgs boson mass equal to twice the gauge boson mass, we numerically demonstrate the existence of oscillons, extremely long-lived localized configurations that undergo regular oscillations in time. We have only seen oscillons in this reduced theory when the masses are in a two-to-one ratio. If a similar phenomenon were to persist in the full theory, it would suggest a preferred value for the Higgs mass.
description: 7 pages, 6 .eps figures, uses revtex4 and epsfig
Geometry of C-flat connections, coarse graining and the continuum limit
Creators: name: Martínez, Jorge
name: Meneses, Claudio
name: Zapata, José A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A notion of effective gauge fields which does not involve a background metric is introduced. The role of scale is played by cellular decompositions of the base manifold. Once a cellular decomposition is chosen, the corresponding space of effective gauge fields is the space of flat connections with singularities on its codimension two skeleton, ${\cal A}_{C-flat} \subset \bar{\cal A}_M$. If cellular decomposition $C_2$ is finer than cellular decomposition $C_1$, there is a coarse graining map $π_{C_2 \to C_1}: {\cal A}_{C_2-flat} \to {\cal A}_{C_1-flat}$. We prove that the triple $({\cal A}_{C_2-flat}, π_{C_2 \to C_1}, {\cal A}_{C_1-flat})$ is a principal fiber bundle with a preferred global section given by the natural inclusion map $i_{C_1 \to C_2}: {\cal A}_{C_1-flat} \to {\cal A}_{C_2-flat}$. Since the spaces ${\cal A}_{C-flat}$ are partially ordered (by inclusion) and this order is directed in the direction of refinement, we can define a continuum limit, $C \to M$. We prove that, in an appropriate sense, $\lim_{C \to M} {\cal A}_{C-flat} = \bar{\cal A}_M$. We also define a construction of measures in $\bar{\cal A}_M$ as the continuum limit (not a projective limit) of effective measures.
description: 29 pages, 2 figures
Cross-Dimensional relaxation in Bose-Fermi mixtures
Creators: name: Goldwin, J.
name: Inouye, S.
name: Olsen, M. L.
name: Jin, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the equilibration rate for fermions in Bose-Fermi mixtures undergoing cross-dimensional rethermalization. Classical Monte Carlo simulations of the relaxation process are performed over a wide range of parameters, focusing on the effects of the mass difference between species and the degree of initial departure from equilibrium. A simple analysis based on Enskog's equation is developed and shown to be accurate over a variety of different parameter regimes. This allows predictions for mixtures of commonly used alkali atoms.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, uses Revtex 4. This is a companion paper to [PRA 70, 021601(R) (2004)] (cond-mat/0405419)
Tracing bulk elemental ratios in exoplanetary atmospheres with TiO chemistry
Creators: name: Ramírez, Vanesa
name: Cridland, Alex J.
name: Mollière, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Knowing the bulk elemental abundances of an exoplanetary atmosphere is not an easy task, but it is crucial to understand the formation history of planets. The purpose of this work is to show that the observability of TiO features at optical wavelengths in the transmission spectra of hot Jupiter atmospheres is sensitive to the bulk chemical properties of the atmosphere. For that, we run a grid of chemical models which include TiO formation and destruction, for the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-19b and an ultra-hot version of HD~209458b. We take into account non-equilibrium chemistry and changes in the temperature and pressure structure of these atmospheres caused by different C/O ratios. We calculate synthetic transmission spectra for these models, and study the relative strengths of TiO and \ce{H2O} features quantitatively. To compare with observations, we use a model independent metric for molecular abundances, $ΔZ_{\rm TiO-H_2O}/H_{\rm eq}$ that has been previously used in observational studies of exoplanetary atmospheres. We find that with this metric we can differentiate between different chemical models and place constraints on the atmosphere's bulk carbon and oxygen abundance. From chemical considerations we expected that the TiO abundance would depend on the bulk nitrogen, however found that any change to N/H did not result in changes to the resulting TiO. We apply our method to a set of known exoplanets that have been observed in the relevant optical wavelengths and find good agreement between low resolution observations and our model for WASP-121b, marginally good agreement with WASP-79b, WASP-76b, and WASP-19b, and poorer agreement with HD 209458b. Our method can be particularly helpful for indirect studies of the bulk abundances of carbon and oxygen.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
AGRICULTURAL LAND VALUES AND FUTURE LAND DEVELOPMENT
Creators: name: Plantinga, Andrew J.
name: Miller, Douglas J.
name: Plantinga, Andrew J.
name: Miller, Douglas J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: We develop a theoretical model of land prices and urban expansion and derive a reduced-form expression for agricultural land values. This result dictates the specification of our econometric model in terms of variable choice and functional form. We find strong support for the model in an application to New York.
Demonstration of all-optical beam steering in modulated photonic lattices
Creators: name: Rosberg, Christian R.
name: Garanovich, Ivan L.
name: Sukhorukov, Andrey A.
name: Neshev, Dragomir N.
name: Krolikowski, Wieslaw
name: Kivshar, Yuri S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate experimentally all-optical beam steering in modulated photonic lattices induced optically by three beam interference in a biased photorefractive crystal. We identify and characterize the key physical parameters governing the beam steering, and show that the spatial resolution can be enhanced by the additional effect of nonlinear beam self-localization.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures
Optically induced spin to charge transduction in donor spin read-out
Creators: name: Testolin, M. J.
name: Greentree, Andrew D.
name: Wellard, C. J.
name: Hollenberg, L. C. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The proposed read-out configuration D+D- for the Kane Si:P architecture[Nature 393, 133 (1998)] depends on spin-dependent electron tunneling between donors, induced adiabatically by surface gates. However, previous work has shown that since the doubly occupied donor state is so shallow the dwell-time of the read-out state is less than the required time for measurement using a single electron transistor (SET). We propose and analyse single-spin read-out using optically induced spin to charge transduction, and show that the top gate biases, required for qubit selection, are significantly less than those demanded by the Kane scheme, thereby increasing the D+D- lifetime. Implications for singlet-triplet discrimination for electron spin qubits are also discussed.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures; added reference, corrected typo
Characteristics of nitrogen flow and its environmental effects in the Yellow River Basin, China
Creators: name: Zhao, Yongqiang
name: Yang, Shuoguo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: In large river basins, the nitrogen (N) cycle is largely regulated by complicated interactions between human and natural elements. Nevertheless, the origins, fate, and driving forces of reactive nitrogen (Nr) flows in the basins are still not clear. An estimation model of N flux was established for evaluating the Nr flow and its environmental effects in the Yellow River Basin of Henan Province (HYRB) by means of material flow analysis. Total N input and output of HYRB were calculated at 4090.9 and 3948.8 Gg N yr−1, causing 142.0 Gg yr−1 of N stored in the basin. Industry, cropland and residential activities, respectively occupied for 42.2%, 23.2% and 12.3% of the whole input, as well as 43.6%, 25.1% and 12.3% of the whole output, which were central to HYRB’s N cycle. Anthropogenic activities regulated above 95.0% of total inputs, and 49.5% of N outputs was emitted into the air and 4.5% into hydrosphere. High N input, energy intensive, imperfect sewage disposal facilities, and low N utilization efficiency were the main reasons of contaminate. How to effectively regulate the input of high-strength N pollutant associated with insufficient N cycling and Nr elimination is the main issue in the Yellow River Basin. In present research also put forward corresponding control measures according to the evaluation of N flow and Nr release of HYRB. The research can supply science foundation for coordinating the human-environment relationship in large basins, and also has important reference significance for the formulation of Nr emission reduction strategies.
Evolution of prosocial behavior in multilayer populations
Creators: name: Su, Qi
name: McAvoy, Alex
name: Mori, Yoichiro
name: Plotkin, Joshua B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Human societies include diverse social relationships. Friends, family, business colleagues, and online contacts can all contribute to one's social life. Individuals may behave differently in different domains, but success in one domain may engender success in another. Here, we study this problem using multilayer networks to model multiple domains of social interactions, in which individuals experience different environments and may express different behaviors. We provide a mathematical analysis and find that coupling between layers tends to promote prosocial behavior. Even if prosociality is disfavored in each layer alone, multilayer coupling can promote its proliferation in all layers simultaneously. We apply this analysis to six real-world multilayer networks, ranging from the socio-emotional and professional relationships in a Zambian community, to the online and offline relationships within an academic University. We discuss the implications of our results, which suggest that small modifications to interactions in one domain may catalyze prosociality in a different domain.
description: 68 pages; final version
Colonization and phytoremediation potential for Miscanthus sacchariflorus in copper tailings
Creators: name: Xin, Jianpan
name: Liu, Yali
name: Liu, Jiefeng
name: Tian, Runan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: A pot experiment was conducted to explore the effects of copper (Cu) tailings with various proportions in the substrate on seed germination and morphological traits of the plant. Concurrently, to identify the adaptive and tolerance strategies of the plant to Cu tailings, the uptake and accumulation of the plant to heavy metals, variations in soil enzymatic activities, and metal speciation in the blank, rhizospheric, and non-rhizospheric soils were estimated. Cu tailings at 25% proportion in the substrate exerted no significant negative effects on seed germination and seedling growth. However, Cu tailings at higher proportions (≧50%) inhibited seed germination and disturbed the plant physiological metabolism and growth. More biomass allocated to the plant roots could contribute to more heavy metals being immobilized, arresting their translocation from roots to shoots. This was accepted as a crucial defense mechanism for the plant against heavy metal co-contamination. The plant can improve the biological properties of Cu tailings in terms of enhanced invertase and phosphatase activities. And in turn, this can effectively alleviate heavy metal phytotoxicity. Simultaneously, it markedly decreased exchangeable Cu and Zn content in the rhizosphere in 25% Cu tailings treatments. In 50% Cu tailings treatment, no differences were observed in Zn speciation between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils. In 75% Cu tailings, compared to the non-rhizosphere, an obvious reduction in exchangeable Cu in rhizosphere occurred, while an opposite tendency was demonstrated in carbonate-bound Zn. The plant could successfully colonize in Cu tailings, and represent a phytoremediation potential in Cu tailings.
Scaling the electrical current switching of exchange bias in fully-epitaxial antiferromagnet/ferromagnet bilayers
Creators: name: Hajiri, T.
name: Goto, H.
name: Asano, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While the electrical current manipulation of antiferromagnets (AFMs) has been demonstrated, the extent of the studied AFM materials has been limited with few systematic experiments and a poor understanding. We compare the electrical current switching of the exchange-bias field ($H_{ex}$) in AFM-Mn$_3A$N/ferromagnet-Co$_3$FeN bilayers. An applied pulse current can manipulate $H_{ex}$ with respect to the current density and FM layer magnetization, which shifts exponentially as a function of the current density. We found that the saturation current density and exponential decay constant $τ$ increase with the local moment of AFM Mn atoms. Our results highlight the effect of the AFM local moment to electrical current switching of $H_{ex}$, although it has a near-zero net magnetization, and may provide a facile way to explore the electrical current manipulation of AFM materials.
description: Accepted in Phys. Rev. B
ECONOMICS OF A WETLAND-RESERVOIR SUBIRRIGATION SYSTEM IN NORTHWESTERN OHIO
Creators: name: Richards, Steven T.
name: Batte, Marvin T.
name: Brown, Larry C.
name: Czartoski, Bernie J.
name: Fausey, Norman R.
name: Belcher, H.W.
name: Richards, Steven T.
name: Batte, Marvin T.
name: Brown, Larry C.
name: Czartoski, Bernie J.
name: Fausey, Norman R.
name: Belcher, H.W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Economic Analysis
subject: Wetlands
subject: Subirrigation
subject: Net Present Value Model

description: Subirrigation in conjunction with an artificial wetland has been shown to benefit the environment. It must also be demonstrated that this technology can be profitable for the private sector. Using cost structures developed from three Northwest Ohio test sites, this paper examines the economic soundness of applying these techniques to production agriculture. The hypothesis is that the benefits of increased yields resulting from stabilizing the water supply throughout the growing season will offset the costs of construction. Presented results will include a summary of private revenues and costs associated with the subirrigation and artificial wetland investment for the three demonstration sites.
Colonization and Phytoremediation Potential for Miscanthus sacchariflorus in copper tailings
Creators: name: Xin, Jianpan
name: Liu, Yali
name: Liu, Jiefeng
name: Tian, Runan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: A pot experiment was conducted to explore the effects of copper (Cu) tailings with various proportions in the substrate on seed germination and morphological traits of the plant. Concurrently, to identify the adaptive and tolerance strategies of the plant to Cu tailings, the uptake and accumulation for the plant to heavy metals, variations in soil enzymatic activities, and metal speciation in the blank, rhizospheric, and non-rhizospheric soils were estimated. Cu tailings at 25% proportion in the substrate exerted no significant negative effects on seed germination and seedling growth. However, Cu tailings at higher proportions (≧50%) inhibited seed germination, disturbed the plant physiological metabolism and growth. More biomass allocated to the plant roots could contribute to more heavy metals being immobilized, arresting their translocation from roots to shots. This was accepted as a crucial defense mechanism for the plant against heavy metal co-contamination. The plant can improve the biological properties of Cu tailings in terms of enhanced invertase and phosphatase activities. And in turn, this can effectively alleviate heavy metal phytotoxicity. Simultaneously, it markedly decreased exchangeable Cu and Zn content in the rhizosphere in 25% Cu tailings treatments. In 50% Cu tailings treatment, no differences were observed in Zn speciation between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils. In 75% Cu tailings, compared to the non-rhizosphere, an obvious reduction in exchangeable Cu in rhizosphere occured, while an opposite tendency was demonstrated in carbonate-bound Zn. The plant could successfully colonize in Cu tailings, and represent a phytoremeditaion potential in Cu tailings.
Simultaneous X-ray and Optical Observations of EX Hydrae
Creators: name: Belle, K. E.
name: Howell, S. B.
name: Mukai, K.
name: Szkody, P.
name: Nishikida, K.
name: Ciardi, D. R.
name: Fried, R. E.
name: Oliver, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intermediate polar, EX Hydrae, was the object of a large simultaneous multiwavelength observational campaign during 2000 May - June. Here we present the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer photometry and optical photometry and spectroscopy from ground-based observatories obtained as part of this campaign. Balmer line radial velocities and Doppler maps provide evidence for an extended bulge along the outer edge of the accretion disk and some form of extended/overflowing material originating from the hot spot. In addition, the optical binary eclipse possesses an extended egress shoulder, an indication that an additional source (other than the white dwarf) is coming out of eclipse. We also compare the X-ray and optical results with the results obtained from the EUV and UV observations from the multiwavelength data set.
description: to appear in the Astronomical Journal, April 2005
A QUADRATIC INVERSE DEMAND SYSTEM
Creators: name: Moro, Daniele
name: Sckokai, Paolo
name: Moro, Daniele
name: Sckokai, Paolo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: We derive a (quadratic) inverse demand system (IQUAIDS), that generalizes the (almost ideal) inverse demand system. We discuss how the assumptions of separability and concavity can be simultaneously accommodated within the model, thus giving a (locally) separable and concave quadratic demand system. An empirical application is provided for illustrative purposes.
Quantum repeaters based on individual electron spins and nuclear-spin-ensemble memories in quantum dots
Creators: name: Sharman, Kenneth
name: Asadi, Faezeh Kimiaee
name: Wein, Stephen C
name: Simon, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by recent developments in the control and manipulation of quantum dot nuclear spins, which allow for the transfer of an electron spin state to the surrounding nuclear-spin ensemble for storage, we propose a quantum repeater scheme that combines individual quantum dot electron spins and nuclear-spin ensembles, which serve as spin-photon interfaces and quantum memories respectively. We consider the use of low-strain quantum dots embedded in high-cooperativity optical microcavities. Quantum dot nuclear-spin ensembles allow for the long-term storage of entangled states, and heralded entanglement swapping is performed using cavity-assisted gates. We highlight the advances in quantum dot technologies required to realize our quantum repeater scheme which promises the establishment of high-fidelity entanglement over long distances with a distribution rate exceeding that of the direct transmission of photons.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures
PUBLIC POLICY IN VERTICALLY RELATED MARKETS: A COURNOT OLIGOPOLY-OLIGOPSONY MODEL
Creators: name: Desquilbet, Marion
name: Guyomard, Herve
name: Desquilbet, Marion
name: Guyomard, Herve
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: vertically related markets
subject: imperfect competition

description: We use a partial equilibrium two-country model, with two vertically related markets, with perfect competition in the primary good sector and with a fixed number of processing firms in each country, characterized by a Cournot behavior upstream and downstream. In the first stage of the game, the government of the exporting country chooses the level of price instruments on both goods. The targeting principle is used to characterize optimal intervention in presence of a minimum revenue constraint towards primary producers. Keywords: vertically related markets, imperfect
Method for Solving the Bloch Equation from the Connection with Time-Dependent Oscillator
Creators: name: Kim, Sang Pyo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a novel method to find exact density operators for a spin-1/2 particle in time-dependent magnetic fields by using the one-mode bosonic representation of $su(2)$ and the connection with a time-dependent oscillator. As illustrative examples, we apply the method to find the density operators for constant and/or oscillating magnetic fields, which turn out to be time-dependent in general.
description: RevTex, 14 pages, no figure
Motion of a Vector Particle in a Curved Spacetime. II First Order Correction to a Geodesic in a Schwarzschild Background
Creators: name: Turakulov, Z.
name: Safonova, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of spin on a photon's motion in a Schwarzschild and FRW spacetimes is studied. The first order correction to the geodesic motion is found. It is shown that unlike the world-lines of spinless particles, the photons world-lines do not lie in a plane.
description: 14 pages, LaTeX2e, second paper in the series (the first one: gr-qc/0110067), replaced with typos and style corrected version, accepted in MPLA
Raw Data for the article: Circulating miRNAs as Promising Biomarkers to Evaluate ECMO Treatment Responses in ARDS Patients
Creators: name: Martucci, Gennaro
name: Miceli, Vitale
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: ARDS
ECMO
Biomarkers
miRNAs.

description: The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has increased in the last decade. However, mortality remains high, and the complexity of ECMO requires individualized treatment. There are some biomarkers to monitor progression and predict clinical outcomes of ARDS. This project aims to advance the management of ARDS patients treated with ECMO by exploring miRNA expression in whole blood. The analysis was conducted on two groups with different length of ECMO: Group A (longer runs) and group B (shorter runs). We analyzed miRNAs before ECMO cannulation, and at 7 and 14 days of ECMO support. Our results showed that in the group B patients, 11 deregulated miRNAs were identified, and showed an opposite trend of expression compared to the group A patients. In silico analysis revealed that these 11 miRNAs were related to processes involved in the pathogenesis and evolution of ARDS. This scenario could represent homeostatic mechanisms by which, in ECMO responsive patients, pathways activated during ARDS progression are switched-off. Circulating miRNAs could represent promising biomarkers to monitor the evolution of ARDS under ECMO support. Further studies may shed light on this topic to improve a personalized approach in such a complex setting of patients.
Micro-canonical pentaquark production in $\ee$ annihilations
Creators: name: Liu, Fu-Ming
name: Werner, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of pentaquarks, namely baryonic states made up of four quarks and one antiquark, became questionable, because the candidates, i.e. the $Θ^+$ peak, are seen in certain reactions, i.e. p+p collisions, but not in others, i.e. $\ee$ annihilations. In this paper, we estimate the production of $Θ^{+}(1540)$ and $Ξ^{--} (1860)$ in $\ee$ annihilations at different energies using Fermi statistical model as originally proposed in its microcanonical form. The results is compared with that from pp collisions at SPS and RHIC energies. We find that, if pentaquark states exist, the production is highly possible in $\ee$ annihilations. For example, at LEP energy $\sqrt{s}$=91.2 GeV, both $Θ^{+}(1540)$ and $Ξ^{--} (1860)$ yield more than in pp collisions at SPS and RHIC energy.
description: 7 pages 2 figures
PATHOGEN REDUCTION OPTIONS IN SLAUGHTERHOUSES AND METHODS FOR EVALUATING THEIR ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS
Creators: name: Narrod, Clare A.
name: Malcolm, Scott A.
name: Ollinger, Michael
name: Roberts, Tanya
name: Narrod, Clare A.
name: Malcolm, Scott A.
name: Ollinger, Michael
name: Roberts, Tanya
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Health Economics and Policy

description: Foodborne pathogens cause millions of human illnesses annually, many resulting in death or chronic illnesses. Universal methods to evaluate microbial risks and their associated costs have yet to be developed. Typically, risk analysis and economic analysis have been carried out independently. In this paper, we link a risk analysis model based on typical slaughterhouse practices with a decision model to evaluate the cost effectiveness of various combinations of pathogen reducing technologies. We describe technological change with regard to pathogen reduction in meat and compare the use, effectiveness, and the degree to which different control technologies have penetrated the market. We follow with the description of a cost-effectiveness framework for evaluating technology adoption and provide an illustration for generic E. coli. In particular, we show that some options appear in every combination of technologies that are not inferior in both the cost dimension and effectiveness, and should be preferred. The paper concludes with a discussion of the institutional (and other) barriers affecting the adoption and development of more effective technologies for pathogen reduction.
Spiral galaxy rotation curves determined from Carmelian general relativity
Creators: name: Hartnett, John G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Equations of motion, in cylindrical co-ordinates, for the observed rotation of gases within the gravitational potential of spiral galaxies have been derived from Carmeli's Cosmological General Relativity theory. A Tully-Fisher type relation results and rotation curves are reproduced without the need for non-baryonic halo dark matter. Two acceleration regimes are discovered that are separated by a critical accleration $\approx 4.75 \times 10^{-10}$ $m.s^{-2}$. For accelerations larger than the critical value the Newtonian force law applies, but for accelerations less than the critical value the Carmelian regime applies. In the Newtonian regime the accelerations fall off as $r^{-2}$, but in the Carmelian regime the accelerations fall off as $r^{-1}$. This is new physics but is exactly what is suggested by Migrom's phenomenological MOND theory.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures, Int. J. Theor. Phys, corrected typos
SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY, MOBILITY AND ACCESS: THE CASE OF RANGE MANAGEMENT IN THE SAHEL
Creators: name: Sanchirico, James N.
name: Wyatt, T.J.
name: Sanchirico, James N.
name: Wyatt, T.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: In this paper, we develop and calibrate a spatial and intertemporal bioeconomic model of livestock production to the West African Sahel region. The model is then used to investigate the effects of land heterogeneity, range scale, and access rights on long term management of rangeland in the Sahel.
Iterated function systems, Ruelle operators, and invariant projective measures
Creators: name: Dutkay, Dorin Ervin
name: Jorgensen, Palle E. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42C10, 42C40, 47D07

description: We introduce an harmonic analysis for iterated function systems (IFS) (X, mu) which is based on a Markov process on certain paths. The probabilities are determined by a weight function W on X. From W we define a transition operator R_W acting on functions on X, and a corresponding class of R_W-harmonic functions. The properties of these functions determine the spectral theory of L^2(mu). For affine IFSs we establish orthogonal bases in L^2(mu). These bases are generated by paths with infinite repetition of finite words. We use this in the last section to analyze tiles in R^d.
description: 39 pages, LaTeX "amsart" class. v2, a little clarification added. v3: new introductory section, pages 2-4; explanation of notation, below (6.13) on page 26; correction in the statement of Theorem 8.4 on page 31: S\Lambda + L contained in \Lambda; typographic, notational, and linguistic refinements, and improved cross-references, throughout the paper, and both formal and substantive corrections in the bibliography
A photometric study of V1193 Ori: detection of orbital and negative superhump periods
Creators: name: Ak, T.
name: Retter, A.
name: Liu, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results obtained from unfiltered photometric CCD observations of V1193 Ori made during 24 nights between November 2002 and January 2003. We found periods of 0.1430 d, 0.1362 d and possibly 2.98 d in the data. The 0.1430 d period is consistent with the 1d^{-1} alias of the proposed orbital period of P_{orb}=0.165 d (Ringwald et al., 1994, Papadaki et al., 2004). Thus and using the known relation between the orbital and superhump periods, we interpret these periods as the orbital period of 0.1430 d, the negative superhump period of 0.1362 d and the precession period of 2.98 d. V1193 Ori can then be classified as a permanent superhump system.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures and one table. Accepted by New Astronomy
JOINT MODELING AND SIMULATION OF AUTOCORRELATED NON-NORMAL TIME SERIES: AN APPLICATION TO RISK AND RETURN ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Ramirez, Octavio A.
name: Somarriba, Eduardo
name: Ramirez, Octavio A.
name: Somarriba, Eduardo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
Risk and Uncertainty

description: This study presents a technique that can jointly model and simulate the expected values, variances, and covariances of sets of correlated time-series dependent variables that are autocorrelated and non-normal (right or left skewed and/or kurtotic). It illustrates the method by applying it to risk analysis of diversified tropical agroforestry systems.