cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Legacy of Leadership: Black Female Adult Educators
Creators: name: Rosser-Mims, Dionne
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2018

description: This paper profiles the lives of four Black female adult educators whose leadership, power, and activism influenced the educational and political advances of the Black community. While it is not the author's intention to marginalize the stories of the women presented in this manuscript, Anna Julia Cooper, Charlotte Forten Grimke, Ida B. Wells, Septima Clark, and Fannie Lou Hamer made significant contributions as activists and educators who embodied teaching as a leadership style that focused on the development of others. Their struggles and lessons learned remain relevant even today. The biographical summaries presented on these remarkable female adult educators are an important reminder of how education became and remains the vehicle for social mobility and economic success that Black women used to not only improve their lives but also the quality of life for the Black community as a whole. Keywords: Forten Grimke; Ida B. Wells; Septima Clark; Fannie Lou Hamer; Adult Educators; Black Women; Adult/Continuing Education; Women and Gender Studies; Race, Ethnicity and Class
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 38 (2018)
Systematic Series Expansions for Processes on Networks
Creators: name: Hastings, M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use series expansions to study dynamics of equilibrium and non-equilibrium systems on networks. This analytical method enables us to include detailed non-universal effects of the network structure. We show that even low order calculations produce results which compare accurately to numerical simulation, while the results can be systematically improved. We show that certain commonly accepted analytical results for the critical point on networks with a broad degree distribution need to be modified in certain cases due to disassortativity; the present method is able to take into account the assortativity at sufficiently high order, while previous results correspond to leading and second order approximations in this method. Finally, we apply this method to real-world data.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Primary stabilization factor of the corrosion of historical glasses: the gel layer
Creators: name: Müller, Wolfgang
name: Torge, Manfred
name: Adam, Karin
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Leached gel layers of variable thickness and composition, mostly crisscrossed by cracks and fissures, are built during long term exposure of historical glasses. Depending on the glass composition as well as on the environmental conditions the gel layers show various shapes. They can be characterized by microprobe investigations, through photographs of the cross-sections in vertical plane to the corroded surface as well as determination of the chemical composition. Any cleaning measures in the course of restoration have to obey carefully their preservation, for it seems quite reasonable to assume that the progress of corrosion of the poorly resistant glasses is remarkably retarded by silica gel barriers.
Is it Really Helping? A Review of Women's "Self-Help" Literature
Creators: name: Lanier, Cayla
name: Fine, Zoe DuPree
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2018

description: In this article, we review recent popular literature about women in leadership at work. We focus on popular literature because of its extensive and diverse audience, and approach it as an indication of the status of women in the workplace: what is faced and how it is handled. In our review of the most frequently purchased books about women and leadership, we argue that these works' general message is as follows: women face difficulty getting ahead in their careers, women require advice about how to be successful leaders in their workplaces, and that advice instructs women that if they aspire to get ahead or even just stay afloat in systems that, for the most part, are still dominated by men and built on hegemonic values, then women employees must change aspects of themselves. We argue that this focus on individual women changing their behavior and appearance in the workplace fails to challenge systems issues that contribute to women's experiences as leaders in work. We conclude by inviting scholars to shift these conversations from how women should change to how everyone, including women, should work together to change workplace norms.
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 38 (2018)
Medical Selfies: Emotional Impacts and Practical Challenges
Creators: name: Diethei, Daniel
name: Colley, Ashley
name: Kalving, Matilda
name: Salmela, Tarja
name: Häkkilä, Jonna
name: Schöning, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Medical images taken with mobile phones by patients, i.e. medical selfies, allow screening, monitoring and diagnosis of skin lesions. While mobile teledermatology can provide good diagnostic accuracy for skin tumours, there is little research about emotional and physical aspects when taking medical selfies of body parts. We conducted a survey with 100 participants and a qualitative study with twelve participants, in which they took images of eight body parts including intimate areas. Participants had difficulties taking medical selfies of their shoulder blades and buttocks. For the genitals, they prefer to visit a doctor rather than sending images. Taking the images triggered privacy concerns, memories of past experiences with body parts and raised awareness of the bodily medical state. We present recommendations for the design of mobile apps to address the usability and emotional impacts of taking medical selfies.
Density operators that extremize Tsallis entropy and thermal stability effects
Creators: name: Vignat, C.
name: Plastino, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quite general, analytical (both exact and approximate) forms for discrete probability distributions (PD's) that maximize Tsallis entropy for a fixed variance are here investigated. They apply, for instance, in a wide variety of scenarios in which the system is characterized by a series of discrete eigenstates of the Hamiltonian. Using these discrete PD's as "weights" leads to density operators of a rather general character. The present study allows one to vividly exhibit the effects of non-extensivity. Varying Tsallis' non-extensivity index $q$ one is seen to pass from unstable to stable systems and even to unphysical situations of infinite energy.
description: 22 pages
Leadership Self-Efficacy: A Study of Male and Female MBA Students in Mexico
Creators: name: D­Az, Eduardo
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2018

description: A disproportionate share of men holds leadership positions in Mexico. Relatively new studies on gender and leadership self- efficacy conducted under transformational leadership models have started to challenge the idea that gender moderates leader effectiveness. This study was developed to analyze differences in leadership self-efficacy between 80 female and 73 male MBA students in the city of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. The results contributed to the growing number of studies on leadership self-efficacy conducted under transformational leadership models that support the claim that gender does not moderate leader effectiveness.
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 38 (2018)
Analysis of doorway states in a graphene structure
Creators: name: Carrillo, E. A.
name: Flores, J.
name: Monsivais, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Doorway states, which are related to the strength function phenomenon and giant resonances, arise when two systems interact, one with a high density eigenvalue spectrum and the other with a comparatively low density. These concepts, first studied in nuclear physics in the 40's, are here analyzed from a theoretical point of view in special and simple graphene structures, obtained after applying appropriate voltages to a graphene sheet. The influence of the doorway states on the electronic transport in these systems is also studied. To analyze these effects we consider a two-dimensional model of two potential barriers of equal height but very different widths separated by a well.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Bound states of the Klein-Gordon equation in the presence of short-range potentials
Creators: name: Villalba, Victor M.
name: Rojas, Clara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We solve the Klein-Gordon equation in the presence of a spatially one-dimensional cusp potential. The bound state solutions are derived and the antiparticle bound state is discussed.
description: 13 pages. To appear in International Journal of Modern Physics A
Some problems of precise measurements of heat transfer coefficients in glass melts : Part 1. Measurements of effective conductivity
Creators: name: Tarakanov, Sergei V.
name: Leko, Victor K.
name: Mazurin, Oleg V.
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: 660

description: In the paper the method of measurements of the so-called effective conductivity of glass melts basing on characteristic of temperature gradient in a molten glass inside a refractory tank is analyzed. For this purpose a computer model based on the solution of the radiative transfer equation in a semitransparent medium was used. Among the papers on effective conductivity measurements published so far, only two contained enough numerical information on the details of measurement which permitted to perform the corresponding calculations. The authors of the present paper show what particular defects of experimental procedure could be the reason of surprising results reported in these publications, namely that the measured effective conductivity coefficient of a number of glasses was found to be lower than the radiative conductivity alone.
Integrating Care and Critical Reflection in Women's Leadership Development Programs
Creators: name: Frkal, Robin
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2018

description: Women's leadership development programs (WLDPs) have been suggested as programmatic additions for achieving gender-equity in organizational contexts. These programs are conceptualized as transformative learning spaces affording women the opportunity to explore uncritically examined assumptions and create new perspectives of themselves as leaders. This paper explains how these types of transformative learning environments are predicated on dialogue that encourages critical reflection in the context of caring relationships. Recognizing that women may arrive in leadership programs with varied capacities for both relational learning and critical reflection, this paper seeks to explore the communication practices needed to create the dialogic conditions of care and critical reflection. It outlines the results of a qualitative study that examined critical incidents of dialogue in a women's leadership development program to demonstrate the ways in which facilitators communicate to create these conditions. The results suggest how taking a communication perspective on dialogue may increase a facilitator's capacity to integrate care and critical reflection.
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 38 (2018)
Extended phase space thermodynamics for Lovelock black holes with non-maximally symmetric horizons
Creators: name: Farhangkhah, N.
name: Dayyani, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study thermodynamics and critical behaviors of higher-dimensional Lovelock black holes with non-maximally symmetric horizons in the canonical ensemble of extended phase space. The effects from non-constancy of the horizon of the black hole via appearing two chargelike parameters in thermodynamic quantities of third-order Lovelock black holes are investigated. We find that Ricci flat black holes with nonconstant curvature horizon show critical behavior. This is an interesting feature that is not seen for any kind of black hole in Einstein or Lovelock gravity in the literature. We examine how various interesting thermodynamic phenomena such as standard first-order small-large black hole phase transition, a reentrant phase transition, or zeroth order phase transition happens for Ricci flat, spherical, or hyperbolic black holes with nonconstant curvature horizon depending on the values of Lovelock coefficient and chargelike parameters. While for a spherical black hole of third order Lovelock gravity with constant curvature horizon phase transition is observed only for $7\leq d \leq11$, for our solution criticality and phase transition exist in every dimension. With a proper choice of the free parameters, a large-small-large black hole phase transition occurs. This process is accompanied by a finite jump of the Gibbs free energy referred to as a zeroth-order phase transition. For the case $κ=-1$ a novel behavior is found for which three critical points could exist.
description: 16 pages, 26 figures
Phase dynamics and particle production in preheating
Creators: name: Charters, T.
name: Nunes, A.
name: Mimoso, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a simple model of a massive inflaton field $ϕ$ coupled to another scalar filed $χ$ with interaction term $g^2ϕ^2χ^2$. We use the theory developed by Kofman {\em et al.} (Phys. Rev. D {\bf 56} (1997) 3258 [arXiv:hep-ph/9704452])for the first stage of preheating to give a full description of the dynamics of the $χ$ field modes, including the behaviour of the phase, in terms of the iteration of a simple family of circle maps. The parameters of this family of maps are a function of time when expansion of the universe is taken into account. With this more detailed description, we obtain a systematic study of the efficiency of particle production as a function of the inflaton field and coupling parameters, and we find that for $g \lesssim 3 \times 10^{-4}$ the broad resonance ceases during the first stage of preheating.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D. Correct Figure 9, results unchanged. Added references and corrected misprints/misspellings
Carbon crucible technology for optical glass melting
Creators: name: Müller, Michael
name: Carl, Matthias
name: Kittel, Thomas
name: Ehrt, Doris
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Fluoro crown and phosphate crown glasses are attractive candidates for application in the deep ultraviolet range. The calculated values for the ultraviolet resonance wavelenghts are comparable with those of CaF₂, BeF₂ and SiO₂. However, the experimental ultraviolet transmission of glass is frequently limited by extrinsic absorption due to trace impurities of metal ions, mainly iron, copper and lead. The influence of different technological parameters on the ultraviolet transmission and the glass quality was investigated, especially the effect of reducing melting conditions, by using a carbon crucible in a glove box. The ultraviolet absorption of the glass is strongly dependent on the redox conditions of the melt, the reducing temperature and time. Glasses melted under reducing conditions have a much higher transmission at 250 nm due to the shift of redox equilibria of polyvalent transition metal ions to the lower redox state and the fact that the molar absorption coefficients of the lower redox states are more than one order of magnitude lower than those of the higher redox state in the ultraviolet range. Undesirable side reactions that may occur under strong reducing melting conditions are described. Using carbon crucible technology for fluoro and phosphate crown glass melting it is possible to achieve high UV transmission values and a good inner glass quaUty.
Women in International Public Leadership: Impacting Foreign Direct Investment by Reducing Corruption and Increasing Healthcare Investment
Creators: name: Cole, Catherine
name: Dooley, Larry
name: Sandlin, Judy
name: Murano, Elsa
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2017

description: A potential solution for an economic challenge — increasing needed foreign direct investment (FDI) — is proposed using a human resource development perspective: equally investing in the development of men and women to serve in public leadership. This cross-sectional, nonexperimental study addressed a void in the literature by examining the impact of women in public leadership on FDI through lowered perceived corruption and increased national investment in healthcare. Structural equation modeling using a simple path model was used to test relationships between observable variables. Results included statistically significant relationships between the number of women in public leadership and lower levels of perceived corruption, between lower levels of perceived corruption and greater national investment in healthcare, and between greater national investment in healthcare and increased FDI countries received. Additionally, a fully mediated, indirect relationship between the number of women in public leadership and FDI countries received was statistically significant. That is, as the number of women increased within governments, levels of perceived corruption decreased, national investment in healthcare increased, and FDI increased. Ultimately, this study provides empirical results professionals and institutions can use to advocate for gender equitable vertically integrated human resource development, particularly within developing countries, to promote FDI and its related benefits. Keywords: women, public leadership, corruption, foreign direct investment, healthcare
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 37 (2017)
Illuminating the dark side of cosmic star formation two billion years after the Big Bang
Creators: name: Talia, Margherita
name: Cimatti, Andrea
name: Giulietti, Marika
name: Zamorani, Gianni
name: Bethermin, Matthieu
name: Faisst, Andreas
name: Fèvre, Olivier Le
name: Smolčić, Vernesa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: How and when did galaxies form and assemble their stars and stellar mass? The answer to these questions, so crucial to astrophysics and cosmology, requires the full reconstruction of the so called cosmic star formation rate density (SFRD), i.e. the evolution of the average star formation rate per unit volume of the universe. While the SFRD has been reliably traced back to 10-11 billion years ago, its evolution is still poorly constrained at earlier cosmic epochs, and its estimate is mainly based on galaxies luminous in the ultraviolet and with low obscuration by dust. This limited knowledge is largely due to the lack of an unbiased census of all types of star-forming galaxies in the early universe. We present a new approach to find dust-obscured star-forming galaxies based on their emission at radio wavelengths coupled with the lack of optical counterparts. Here, we present a sample of 197 galaxies selected with this method. These systems were missed by previous surveys at optical and near-infrared wavelengths, and 22 of them are at very high redshift (i.e. z > 4.5). The contribution of these elusive systems to the SFRD is substantial and can be as high as 40% of the previously known SFRD based on UV-luminous galaxies. The mere existence of such heavily obscured galaxies in the first two billion years after the Big Bang opens new avenues to investigate the early phases of galaxy formation and evolution, and to understand the links between these systems and the massive galaxies which ceased their star formation at later cosmic times.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Corrected a typo in Table 3. Minor changes to match the accepted version
ArcGIS and HSPF model development
Creators: name: Johnson, Nathan William
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2005
Subjects: Hydrologic Simulation Program in Fortran
ArcGIS software

description: The Hydrologic Simulation Program in Fortran, (HSPF), is a widely used computer model used to simulate hydrologic and water quality processes. Geographic Information System (GIS) tools from the BASINS system are widely used for creating new HSPF models, but operate within the ESRI ArcView environment. New ArcGIS software is an upgrade from their ArcView and ArcInfo predecessors and offers a robust data management framework and a common environment for the development of custom applications. This thesis presents a set of existing and custom tools that can be used for creating HSPF models in the ArcGIS environment. In addition, an ArcGIS system for preparing NEXRAD precipitation data for input to HSPF models provides an example of how ArcGIS tools and data structures can aid in HSPF modeling after initial model development
Rapid Deceleration of Blast Waves Witnessed in Tycho's Supernova Remnant
Creators: name: Tanaka, Takaaki
name: Okuno, Tomoyuki
name: Uchida, Hiroyuki
name: Yamaguchi, Hiroya
name: Lee, Shiu-Hang
name: Maeda, Keiichi
name: Williams, Brian J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In spite of their importance as standard candles in cosmology and as major major sites of nucleosynthesis in the Universe, what kinds of progenitor systems lead to type Ia supernovae (SN) remains a subject of considerable debate in the literature. This is true even for the case of Tycho's SN exploded in 1572 although it has been deeply studied both observationally and theoretically. Analyzing X-ray data of Tycho's supernova remnant (SNR) obtained with Chandra in 2003, 2007, 2009, and 2015, we discover that the expansion before 2007 was substantially faster than radio measurements reported in the past decades and then rapidly decelerated during the last ~ 15 years. The result is well explained if the shock waves recently hit a wall of dense gas surrounding the SNR. Such a gas structure is in fact expected in the so-called single-degenerate scenario, in which the progenitor is a binary system consisting of a white dwarf and a stellar companion, whereas it is not generally predicted by a competing scenario, the double-degenerate scenario, which has a binary of two white dwarfs as the progenitor. Our result thus favors the former scenario. This work also demonstrates a novel technique to probe gas environments surrounding SNRs and thus disentangle the two progenitor scenarios for Type Ia SNe.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJL
Energy consumption in the glass melting process : Part 2. Results of calculations
Creators: name: Němec, Lubomír
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: 660

description: A simple model melting space of 1 m³ has been proposed to demonstrate the influence of internal melting factors such as temperature, pressure, glass composition, size distribution in batch and glass flow distribution, on the specific energy consumption of the glass melting process. The laboratory data have been applied to evaluate the constants in proposed relations expressing this influence. The numerical results are graphically presented and show the main tendencies in the energy consumption development; the upper limits of the high-temperature application are obvious as well as the promising role of glass stirring, glass flow distribution and the physical way of refining.
Leadership Style and Career Success of Women Leaders in Nonprofit Organizations
Creators: name: Jones, Elwin
name: Jones, Ronald
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2017

description: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between the leadership styles and the career success of women in nonprofit organizations. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire served as the instrument to identify transformation, transactional, and passive leadership styles. The development of a career success index through summing the coded values of data regarding job satisfaction, work-life balance, tenure in the nonprofit industry, tenure in current position, and compensation level facilitated correlational analysis with leadership style. The Gulf Coast region of the United States was the geographic region for the study. The results indicated a significant and positive correlation between the transformational and transactional leadership styles and the career success index, p = 0.024 for Pearson's Product Moment; p = 0.038 for Spearman's rho, and p = 0.012 for Pearson's Product Moment; p = 0.022 for Spearman's rho, respectively. No significant relationship existed between passive leadership style and the career success index, with p = 0.81 for Pearson's Product Moment and p = 0.983 for Spearman's rho. Keywords: Women in leadership, leadership style, career success of women, nonprofit leadership
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 37 (2017)
Examination of universal microhardness of liard reaction layers resulting from reactions of organic polymers with container glass surfaces and their use for low-friction protective layers
Creators: name: Wagner, Gerhard F.
name: Tiede, Ute
name: Meisel, Manfred
name: Schulze, Rolf-Dieter
name: Mackrodt, Brigitte
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Clear, highly alkaline and wear-resistant hard reaction layers are formed by direct alkaline coupling of organic polymers with functional groups, particularly high-molecular polyols, to siliceous glass surfaces having container glass compositions. As compared with untreated glass these are characterized by an increased universal hardness and an excellent scratch resistance. Formation of these layers requires a highly alkahne reaction medium, e.g. 2% NaOH, 85°C, according to the conditions of the alkaline washing process of returnable beverage bottles in the bottling plants. It can be assumed that the formation of the reaction layer is associated with the formation of highly molecular ionic polymers with 5-coordinated silicon. Results of universal microhardness measurements of the hard reaction layers which were formed with aqueous polymer dispersions (epoxy resin microdispersion; low-molecular oxidized polyethylene) are presented. The increase of plastic universal hardness in comparison with untreated glass demonstrates the enhanced wear resistance of these layers. So far layer thicknesses up to 0.3 µm could be achieved. These results suggest new approaches to develop highly efficient low-friction protective layers for returnable bottles, and after increasing the thickness of the hard reaction layer up to several micrometers, they could possibly be applied also to lightweight bottles under enhanced internal pressure as used for carbonated beverages. Universal microhardness measurements are a very useful tool in the development and most effective improvement of such novel low-friction protective coatings for container glass.
Entanglement on mixed stabiliser states--I: Normal Forms and Reduction Procedures
Creators: name: Audenaert, Koenraad M. R.
name: Plenio, Martin B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stabiliser formalism allows the efficient description of a sizeable class of pure as well as mixed quantum states of N-qubit systems. That same formalism has important applications in the field of quantum error correcting codes, where mixed stabiliser states correspond to projectors on subspaces associated with stabiliser codes. Here, we derive efficient reduction procedures to obtain various useful normal forms for stabiliser states. We explicitly prove that these procedures will always converge to the correct result and that these procedures are efficient in that they only require a polynomial number of operations on the generators of the stabilisers. We obtain two single-party normal forms. The simplest, the row-reduced echelon form, is useful to calculate partial traces of stabiliser states. The second is the fully reduced form and allows for the efficient calculation of the overlap between two stabiliser states, as well as of the Uhlmann fidelity between them, and their Bures distance. We also find a reduction procedure of bipartite stabiliser states, where the operations involved are restricted to be local ones. Using this two-party normal form, we prove that every bipartite mixed stabiliser state is locally equivalent to a direct product of a number of maximally entangled states and a separable state. Using this normal form we can efficiently calculate every reasonable bipartite entanglement measure of mixed stabiliser states.
description: 13 pages. Replaced with published version. Mistake in result about Uhlmann fidelity corrected
A generalization for the expected value of the earth mover's distance
Creators: name: Erickson, William Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13P25, 05E14, 05E40

description: The earth mover's distance (EMD), also called the first Wasserstein distance, can be naturally extended to compare arbitrarily many probability distributions, rather than only two, on the set $[n]=\{1,\dots,n\}$. We present the details for this generalization, along with a highly efficient algorithm inspired by combinatorics; it turns out that in the special case of three distributions, the EMD is half the sum of the pairwise EMD's. Extending the methods of Bourn and Willenbring (arXiv:1903.03673), we compute the expected value of this generalized EMD on random $d$-tuples of distributions, using a generating function which coincides with the Hilbert series of the Segre embedding. We then use the EMD to analyze a real-world data set of grade distributions.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures; corrected typos, simplified notation, added proof of Proposition 6, added discussion of even vs. odd d-values, updated real-world example to compare 7 distributions instead of 3, rewrote Section 7 for clarity
Gender Pay Inequality: An Examination of the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act Six Years Later
Creators: name: Wade, Michelle
name: Fiorentino, Susan
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2017

description: The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act was the first piece of legislation signed into law by President Barack Obama in January of 2009. This legislation enables an employee to sue more easily for wage discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In this article, we examine the impact that the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act has had on gender pay equity discrimination complaints and on how the lower courts have interpreted it since it was signed into law in January of 2009. First, we will provide a brief background about the passage of the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act and a description of the legislation itself. Then we will examine any changes in discrimination complaints since its passage, and we will analyze how lower courts have interpreted the legislation. We conclude by arguing that passage of the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act has offered little redress for gender wage discrimination since its passage six years ago. Keywords: gender discrimination, equal pay complaints, Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 37 (2017)
Electrical conductivity of V₂O₅-SnO-TeO₂ glasses
Creators: name: Mori, Hidetsugu
name: Igarashi, Jun
name: Sakata, Hironobu
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Electrical conductivity of glasses in the system V₂O₅-SnO-TeO₂ prepared by press quenching is measured and the mechanism of conduction related to glass composition is discussed. The glass forming region was found in the composition range (in mol%): 0 to 70 V₂O₅, 0 to 30 SnO and 30 to 100 TeO₂. Dc conductivities ranged from 2.1 * 10⁻⁵ to 5.4- 10⁻⁴ S/cm at 473 K for V₂O₅ concentrations of 20 to 60 mol%. The glass 20V₂O₅ * 20SnO * 60TeO₂ was more conductive (σ = 2.6 * 10⁻⁴ S/cm at 473 K) than the glasses V₂O₅ * 20SnO * (80 - X)TeO₂ with X=30 and 40 mol% (σ = -1.0 to 1.4 * 10⁻⁴ S/cm at 473 K). The electric conduction was attributed to adiabatic small-polaron hopping for V₂O₅ ≥ 50 mol% and non-adiabatic small-polaron hopping for V₂O₅ ≤ 50 mol%. The SnO content is contributed to increase basicity and decrease activation energy. The polaron bandwidth / ranged from 0.02 to 0.07 eV depending on the V-V ion spacing. The estimated carrier mobilities were remarkably small: 1.3 * 10⁻⁶ to 4.5 * 10⁻⁵ cm²/(Vs) at 473 K. This small mobility confirmed the small-polaron hopping conduction mechanism. The carrier density was evaluated to be 2.1 * 10¹⁹ to 2.1 * 10²¹/cm³ for V₂O₅ concentrations of 20 to 60mol%.
Measurement of the Ratios of Branching Fractions B(Bs->Ds- pi+)/B(B0->D-pi+) and B(B+->D0bar pi+)/B(B0->D-pi+)
Creators: name: CDF Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an observation of the decay Bs -> Ds- pi+ in p pbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV using 115 pb^(-1) of data collected by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. We observe 83 +/- 11 Bs -> Ds- pi+ candidates, representing a large increase in statistics over previous measurements and the first observation of this decay at a p pbar collider. We present the first measurement of the relative branching fraction B(Bs -> Ds- pi+) / B(B0 -> D- pi+) = 1.32 +/- 0.18 (stat.) +/- 0.38 (syst.). We also measure B(B+ -> D0bar pi+) / B(B0 -> D- pi+) = 1.97 +/- 0.10(stat.) +/- 0.21(syst.), which is consistent with previous measurements.
PyLightcurve-torch: a transit modelling package for deep learning applications in PyTorch
Creators: name: Morvan, Mario
name: Tsiaras, Angelos
name: Nikolaou, Nikolaos
name: Waldmann, Ingo P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a new open source python package, based on PyLightcurve and PyTorch, tailored for efficient computation and automatic differentiation of exoplanetary transits. The classes and functions implemented are fully vectorised, natively GPU-compatible and differentiable with respect to the stellar and planetary parameters. This makes PyLightcurve-torch suitable for traditional forward computation of transits, but also extends the range of possible applications with inference and optimisation algorithms requiring access to the gradients of the physical model. This endeavour is aimed at fostering the use of deep learning in exoplanets research, motivated by an ever increasing amount of stellar light curves data and various incentives for the improvement of detection and characterisation techniques.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures; submission status updated, fig 2 caption added
Career Experiences of Women Working in Paralympic Sport Organizations Internationally
Creators: name: Itoh, Maki
name: Bower, Glenna
name: Hums, Mary
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2017

description: The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify and understand the career factors considered important for women working in leadership positions in the Paralympic Movement. This study relied on in-depth interviews and demographic information as the primary means of collecting data. Formal semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 participants who have worked in leadership positions in the Paralympic Movement for a minimum of 5 years. The three parts of the interview were (a) personal life history including demographics and career path, (b) career experiences including the most/least enjoyable and greatest challenges as a woman working in the Paralympic Movement, and (c) career aspirations and career advice. The results provide insight into the career challenges and work climate for women working in Paralympic sport. Keywords: Women , Paralympic sport, Social Role Theory
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 37 (2017)
Water release behaviour of soda-lime-silica glass melts
Creators: name: Gaber, Martin
name: Harder, Ulrike
name: Hähnert, Manfred
name: Geißler, Heinz
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Glass with the composiüon (in mol%) 16Na₂O * 10CaO * 74SiO₂ and a water content of 0.12 to 0.005 mol/1 has been investigated by IR spectroscopy. It has been found that at a water content of < 0.01 mol/l the rado of the extincdons of the absorpdon bands at 3550 and 2800 cm⁻¹ is not constant. Through the vacuum hot extraction method it could be shown that the release of bonded water from glass melt does not occur continuously, and is not determined by the kinetics of formadon of molecular water. At concentrations > 0.01 mol/l the largest part of bonded water is released at temperatures < 1000°C. Small amounts of water can be detected at temperatures > 1250°C as well. This high-temperature release of strongly bonded water is caused by changes in the structure of glass melt or by the simultaneous release of other volatile species.
Message passing for vertex covers
Creators: name: Weigt, Martin
name: Zhou, Haijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Constructing a minimal vertex cover of a graph can be seen as a prototype for a combinatorial optimization problem under hard constraints. In this paper, we develop and analyze message passing techniques, namely warning and survey propagation, which serve as efficient heuristic algorithms for solving these computational hard problems. We show also, how previously obtained results on the typical-case behavior of vertex covers of random graphs can be recovered starting from the message passing equations, and how they can be extended.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures - version accepted for publication in PRE
Microstructural evolution of TiO₂-doped silica gels during heating
Creators: name: Kielski, Andrzej
name: Łączka, Maria
name: Wodnicka, Krystyna
name: Najman, Jelena
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Properties of silica glass, doped with TiO₂, obtained by the sol-gel technique were examined as depending on the heating method, using the microstructural investigation methods. It has been found that the greatest specific surface and porosity are obtained immediately after the removal of water and organic substances at the temperature of about 300 °C. With increasing heating temperature the specific surface and the porosity decrease, especially above 900 °C. The mode the pores are Hnked with each other is also changed. The pores assume the character of "through-pores", open at both ends, and their closing takes place only with the lapse of time. The heating rate does not exert any essential influence on the product properties after heating, nevertheless slow heating favours the preservation of the primary microstructure of gel.
Discrete Symmetries for Spinor Field in de Sitter Space
Creators: name: Moradi, S.
name: Rouhani, S.
name: Takook, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Discrete symmetries, parity, time reversal, antipodal, and charge conjugation transformations for spinor field in de Sitter space, are presented in the ambient space notation, i.e. in a coordinate independent way. The PT and PCT transformations are also discussed in this notation. The five-current density is studied and their transformation under the discrete symmetries is discussed.
description: 13 pages, LaTeX; appendices added
Literature Review of The University Teaching Trap of Academic Women
Creators: name: Cummins, Helene
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2017

description: Commonplace division of labor practices in Canadian academia favor a forty percent focus on each of teaching and research, with a twenty percent focus on service. The social climate, workplace culture, and social structure of academe often burdens women faculty with excessive teaching responsibilities. This may inhibit both their career success, and personal work-life balance. The absence of workplace policies, career and institutional support often encumbers women faculty and produces inequities in the workplace triggering what is defined as the "teaching trap". Smaller universities, financial cutbacks in the university system, and the general neglect of the needs of women academics serves to maintain both unfair, and unequal treatment of women scholars in the academy. The implications of these issues are discussed. Keywords: Women faculty, university teaching trap, workplace culture, structural barriers, Canada
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 37 (2017)
Women-only Leadership Positions in the Middle East: Exploring Cultural Attitudes towards Syrian Women for Sport Career Development
Creators: name: Megheirkouni, Majd
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2014

description: Based on the gender ratios in the leadership positions of general sport organisation in Syria, this article aims to explore the reasons behind the low level of women in sport leadership positions. Leadership training used in the general sport organisation in Syria for high-skilled leaders serves to understand the how individual leaders develop in sport bodies, but it fails to explain the reasons for the low level of women in senior sport administrative positions. In this study, I attempt to analyze the cultural aspects to find out: the nature of challenges surrounding women's' career development; and how Syrian women learn and develop within the institutional-cultural context of Syria. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews with ten Syrian women leaders: eight from sports governing bodies, one from the National Olympic Committee, and one from the high executive committee. Implications for addressing the challenges for the low level of women in top management in Syrian sport are outlined. Keywords: national culture, leadership, development, Syrian women, and sport.
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 34 (2014)
Coupled cavity-waveguide system based on topological corner state and edge state
Creators: name: Shi, Aoqian
name: Yan, Bei
name: Ge, Rui
name: Xie, Jianlan
name: Peng, Yuchen
name: Li, Hang
name: Sha, Wei E. I.
name: Liu, Jianjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological corner state (TCS) and topological edge state (TES) have provided new approaches to control the propagation of light. The construction of topological coupled cavity-waveguide system (TCCWS) based on TCS and TES is worth looking forward to, due to its research prospects in realizing high-performance micro-nano integrated photonic devices. In this Letter, TCCWS is proposed in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PC), which possesses strong optical localization, high quality factor and excellent robustness compared with the conventional coupled cavity-waveguide system (CCCWS). This work will provide the possibility to design high-performance logic gates, lasers, filters and other micro-nano integrated photonics devices and expand their applications.
The experience of reworking shame through psychodrama
Creators: name: De Vries, Raymond
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The focus of the present research study was to explore the experience of reworking shame through psychodrama. Using an existentialphenomenological multiple case study design, the stories of three people were articulated. In depth semi-structured interviews were tape recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for themes. In total 15 themes emerged and provided the basis for constructing first person narrative "stories" to summarize the findings for each individual. Themes were clustered into three categories and discussed in the final chapter. The three categories were: the experience of shame, the experience of the enactment and the experience of change following the enactment. Limitations of the study, implications for counselling and ideas for future research were also considered.
Non-Perturbative Gluon pair production from a Constant Chromo-Electric Field via the Schwinger Mechanism in Arbitrary Gauge
Creators: name: Cooper, Fred
name: Nayak, Gouranga C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non-perturbative production of gluon pairs from a constant SU(3) chromo-electric background field via the Schwinger mechanism. We fix the covariant background gauge with an arbitrary gauge parameter α. We determine the transverse momentum distribution of the gluons, as well as the total probability of creating pairs per unit space time volume. We find that the result is independent of the covariant gauge parameter αused to define arbitrary covariant background gauges. We find that our non-perturbative result is both gauge invariant and gauge parameter αindependent.
description: Final version, To be published in Physical Review D
Low-Tg phosphate glasses with improved water resistance for the coating of fluoride glass fibers
Creators: name: Hartmann, Matthias
name: Bitzer-Schmidt, Sigrid
name: Frischat, Günther Heinz
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Starting from a multicomponent lead phosphate glass composition given in the literature, a glass was developed suitable for the protective overclad of heavy-metal fluoride glass fibers. Besides a low glass transition temperature < 270 °C, a high thermal expansion coefficient > 18 * 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ the phosphate glass material developed had a water resistance at 60°C for 10 h comparable to that of commercial container glass. The final composition developed was (in mol%): 54.7 P₂O₅, 19.8 PbO, 18.0 Na₂O, 1.2 MgO, 1.2 BaO, 1.2 CaO, 0.4 V₂O₅, 1.5 AI₂O₃, 2.0 Bi₂O₃. Besides the influences of these different components the acdon of the melting conditions, especially melting temperature and trace SiO₂ content from the crucible material, have to be taken into account. Fiber drawing experiments including the in-situ apphcation of the phosphate glass overclad were successful.