cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
SAGE: A Storage-Based Approach for Scalable and Efficient Sparse Generalized Matrix-Matrix Multiplication
Creators: name: Jang, Myung-Hwan
name: Ko, Yunyong
name: Gwon, Hyuck-Moo
name: Jo, Ikhyeon
name: Park, Yongjun
name: Kim, Sang-Wook
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sparse generalized matrix-matrix multiplication (SpGEMM) is a fundamental operation for real-world network analysis. With the increasing size of real-world networks, the single-machine-based SpGEMM approach cannot perform SpGEMM on large-scale networks, exceeding the size of main memory (i.e., not scalable). Although the distributed-system-based approach could handle large-scale SpGEMM based on multiple machines, it suffers from severe inter-machine communication overhead to aggregate results of multiple machines (i.e., not efficient). To address this dilemma, in this paper, we propose a novel storage-based SpGEMM approach (SAGE) that stores given networks in storage (e.g., SSD) and loads only the necessary parts of the networks into main memory when they are required for processing via a 3-layer architecture. Furthermore, we point out three challenges that could degrade the overall performance of SAGE and propose three effective strategies to address them: (1) block-based workload allocation for balancing workloads across threads, (2) in-memory partial aggregation for reducing the amount of unnecessarily generated storage-memory I/Os, and (3) distribution-aware memory allocation for preventing unexpected buffer overflows in main memory. Via extensive evaluation, we verify the superiority of SAGE over existing SpGEMM methods in terms of scalability and efficiency.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables, CIKM
The first pre-supersoft X-ray binary
Creators: name: Parsons, S. G.
name: Schreiber, M. R.
name: Gansicke, B. T.
name: Rebassa-Mansergas, A.
name: Brahm, R.
name: Zorotovic, M.
name: Toloza, O.
name: Pala, A. F.
name: Tappert, C.
name: Bayo, A.
name: Jordan, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of an extremely close white dwarf plus F dwarf main-sequence star in a 12 hour binary identified by combining data from the RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) survey and the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) survey. A combination of spectral energy distribution fitting and optical and Hubble Space Telescope ultraviolet spectroscopy allowed us to place fairly precise constraints on the physical parameters of the binary. The system, TYC 6760-497-1, consists of a hot Teff~20,000K, M~0.6Ms white dwarf and an F8 star (M~1.23Ms, R~1.3Rs) seen at a low inclination (i~37 deg). The system is likely the descendent of a binary that contained the F star and a ~2Ms A-type star that filled its Roche-lobe on the thermally pulsating asymptotic giant branch, initiating a common envelope phase. The F star is extremely close to Roche-lobe filling and there is likely to be a short phase of thermal timescale mass-transfer onto the white dwarf during which stable hydrogen burning occurs. During this phase it will grow in mass by up to 20 per cent, until the mass ratio reaches close to unity, at which point it will appear as a standard cataclysmic variable star. Therefore, TYC 6760-497-1 is the first known progenitor of a super-soft source system, but will not undergo a supernova Ia explosion. Once an accurate distance to the system is determined by Gaia, we will be able to place very tight constraints on the stellar and binary parameters.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures and 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Relative Defects in Relative Theories: Trapped Higher-Form Symmetries and Irregular Punctures in Class S
Creators: name: Bhardwaj, Lakshya
name: Giacomelli, Simone
name: Hubner, Max
name: Schafer-Nameki, Sakura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A relative theory is a boundary condition of a higher-dimensional topological quantum field theory (TQFT), and carries a non-trivial defect group formed by mutually non-local defects living in the relative theory. Prime examples are 6d N=(2,0) theories that are boundary conditions of 7d TQFTs, with the defect group arising from surface defects. In this paper, we study codimension-two defects in 6d N=(2,0) theories, and find that the line defects living inside these codimension-two defects are mutually non-local and hence also form a defect group. Thus, codimension-two defects in a 6d N=(2,0) theory are relative defects living inside a relative theory. These relative defects provide boundary conditions for topological defects of the 7d bulk TQFT. A codimension-two defect carrying a non-trivial defect group acts as an irregular puncture when used in the construction of 4d N=2 Class S theories. The defect group associated to such an irregular puncture provides extra "trapped" contributions to the 1-form symmetries of the resulting Class S theories. We determine the defect groups associated to large classes of both conformal and non-conformal irregular punctures. Along the way, we discover many new classes of irregular punctures. A key role in the analysis of defect groups is played by two different geometric descriptions of the punctures in Type IIB string theory: one provided by isolated hypersurface singularities in Calabi-Yau threefolds, and the other provided by ALE fibrations with monodromies.
description: 125 pages
Digi-Nose Part 2: Enhancing Accuracy and Efficiency of a Digital Nose System With Sensor Technology for Early Detection of Changes in the Forest
Creators: name: Bilješko, Leo
name: Schneider, Georg Roman
name: Probst, Claudia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The detection of forest health has become significant for maintaining the forest environment, especially now in the time of increasing ecological stressors. The objective of this project is to design an electronic nose (e-nose) using metal-oxide (MOx) gas sensors to be able to distinguish between healthy and stressed trees by detecting unique volatile organic components (VOCs). The project involved the development and implementation of a gas sensor array, combining multiple MOx sensors, to detect VOCs. Taking advantage of the Arduino microcontroller, data was able to be received from gas sensors, while Python was utilized for data analysis. Data analysis involved machine learning methods, such as Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), for classification and dimensionality reduction of the sensor data. Python also came in handy for the creation of graphical user interfaces. The capacity of the e-noses to differentiate between healthy and sick trees was demonstrated in the initial results, where it showed a reasonable level of accuracy. Initially, PCA provided good separation, however, with an increased number of target gases, the separation accuracy deteriorated. The LDA provided a clear separation between two classes, with slight overlaps. The e-nose was further assessed for different substances that may be present in stressed trees. Although it has shown the good separability of some substances, others overlapped. The great sensitivity of the MOx sensor comes with a cost of selectivity for different gases. Future research will focus on detecting these specific substances contained in the tree’s odor using a neural network, enhancing the electronic nose’s ability to detect a wider range of compounds.
A Short Tutorial on The Weisfeiler-Lehman Test And Its Variants
Creators: name: Huang, Ningyuan
name: Villar, Soledad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph neural networks are designed to learn functions on graphs. Typically, the relevant target functions are invariant with respect to actions by permutations. Therefore the design of some graph neural network architectures has been inspired by graph-isomorphism algorithms. The classical Weisfeiler-Lehman algorithm (WL) -- a graph-isomorphism test based on color refinement -- became relevant to the study of graph neural networks. The WL test can be generalized to a hierarchy of higher-order tests, known as $k$-WL. This hierarchy has been used to characterize the expressive power of graph neural networks, and to inspire the design of graph neural network architectures. A few variants of the WL hierarchy appear in the literature. The goal of this short note is pedagogical and practical: We explain the differences between the WL and folklore-WL formulations, with pointers to existing discussions in the literature. We illuminate the differences between the formulations by visualizing an example.
Worry Intensity about Situations Experienced by Student Teachers
Creators: name: McCurdy, Kelsey Faith
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Teacher education
subject: Situational Worry
subject: Stress Reactivity
subject: Student Teachers
subject: Worry
subject: Worry Intensity

description: Student teachers are often overlooked in discussions about teacher burnout, attrition, and turnover despite evidence that burnout may begin to develop during student teaching (Horgan, Howard, & Gardiner-Hyland, 2018). High rates of teacher turnover and attrition are costly and detract from the quality of education (Alliance, 2014). This study examines four questions related to student teachers’ experience with worry and stress: how much do student teachers worry about common teaching situations, to what extent is worry intensity situational, how do student teachers describe their experiences with worry, and is worry intensity related to perceived stress reactivity? Results demonstrated that person differences accounted for relatively more variation in worry intensity than did situations. Further, results demonstrated that worry intensity was significantly related to perceived stress reactivity to social evaluation. Implications for understanding how individuals reason about worry intensity and implications for teacher preparation programs are discussed.
Investigating the role of p300/CBP HAT activity in embryonic stem cell pluripotency and differentiation
Creators: name: Alghamdi, Saeed Obaid H
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: p300 and CBP are homologous proteins that possess histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity. Both proteins play critical roles in various cellular processes including transcriptional activation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of p300/CBP HAT inhibition on mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency and differentiation utilising the specific p300/CBP inhibitor, A-485. It was observed that p300/CBP catalytic inhibition reduced the growth of ESCs and elevated the proportion of cells in G1 phase of cell cycle. Transcriptome analysis following p300/CBP HAT inhibition revealed a significant alteration in gene expression at different time points. Transcriptional levels of pluripotency genes including Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, Esrrb among others were robustly downregulated. Interestingly, RNA-Seq analysis showed that several trophectoderm associated genes were upregulated in response to A-485 treatment. Moreover, these observations were accompanied by a reduction in acetylation levels of H3K18, H3K27 and H3K56 which are known substrates for p300/CBP. Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-Seq) showed that chromatin accessibility was significantly changed following p300/CBP catalytic inhibition. Notably, the chromatin accessibility was reduced at the super-enhancer elements of pluripotency genes. To assess the effect of p300/CBP HAT inhibition on ESCs differentiation, a novel differentiation system known as gastruloids was utilised. Following p300/CBP inhibition, elongation of gastruloids was significantly blocked while expression of differentiation markers associated with elongated gastruloids was downregulated including Brachyury, Meox1 and Hox genes. Taking together, the data presented in this thesis suggests that p300/CBP HAT activity is indispensable for pluripotency and differentiation of ESCs.
MULTI-FEATURE ANALYSIS OF EEG SIGNAL ON SEIZURE PATTERNS AND DEEP NEURAL STRUCTURES FOR PREDICTION OF EPILEPTIC SEIZURES
Creators: name: Ma, Xinyuan
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Electrical engineering

description: This work investigates EEG signal processing and seizure prediction based on deep learning architectures. The research includes two major parts. In the first part, we use wavelet decomposition to process the signals and extract signal features from the time-frequency bands. The second part examines the machine learning model and deep learning architecture we have developed for seizure pattern analysis. In our design, the extracted feature maps are processed as image inputs into our convolutional neural network (CNN) model. We proposed a combined CNN-LSTM model to directly process the EEG signals with layers functioning as feature extractors. In cross-validation testing, our CNN feature model can reach an accuracy of 96% and our CNN-LSTM model could reach an accuracy of 98%. We also proposed a matching network architecture that employs two parallel multilayer channels to improve sensitivity.
THE ART OF MUSIC IN GB-Lbl Add. MS 4911: A CASE FOR ROBERT CARVOR AS THE ANONYMOUS SCOT
Creators: name: Nakos, Debra Marion Livant
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Music history
subject: Music
subject: Music theory
subject: British Library Add MS 4911
subject: faburden
subject: Renaissance music
subject: Robert Carvor
subject: Scottish Anonymous
subject: The Art of Music

description: GB-Lbl Add. MS 4911, the sole source of an anonymous music treatise, The Art of Music, is among the few manuscripts to have survived the Scottish Reformation. In answer to the puzzle of its authorship, masters of song schools in Edinburgh or Aberdeen have been proposed. A new reading of the text places the date of its creation between 1559 and 1567 and leads to a revised profile of the author, which, as is demonstrated here, the Scottish composer Robert Carvor (1487/8 – c. 1568) uniquely matches. Further supporting Carvor as the author of the treatise is its inclusion of a section of Carvor’s Missa L’homme armé and of a caricature strikingly similar to one found in the Carvor Choirbook (GB-En MS Adv. 5.1.15), where Carvor’s compositions bear his signature. An Appendix includes the first English translation of the rules of faburden, which are unique to The Art of Music (f.94r-f.112r).
Digi-Nose Part 1: Characterization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by European spruce trees under stress
Creators: name: Huber, Eva Olivia
name: Kröhnert, Sabrina
name: Schneider, Georg Roman
name: Probst, Claudia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In recent years, factors such as heat, drought, storms, and excessive rainfall, which can largely be attributed to man-made climate change, have weakened the European spruce population. Trees, especially during climate-related stress, communicate with each other by exchanging nutrients through their root system or by emitting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via their needles, leaves, and bark. Some of these VOCs are attractive to pests, such as the bark beetle, as they indicate weakened defense mechanisms. Detection of these VOCs can be attained through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Subsequently, a digital "nose" is planned to be developed, utilizing a combination of gas sensors, artificial intelligence, and image recognition to detect vulnerable trees early on. To achieve this, experimental trees were subjected to controlled conditions in a laboratory to simulate various stress situations, such as drought or waterlogging. Pre-filtered ambient air was drawn through ORBO32 sorbent tubes in the sampling set-up, eluted with petroleum ether, and then analyzed using gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). Peak areas of volatile organic compounds were statistically evaluated and compared. The findings suggested that stressed spruce trees emitted higher quantities of volatile organic substances. Particularly noteworthy were alcohols, terpenes, alkanes and alkenes. This work is part of the development of a digital nose to detect tree stress funded by the Austrian Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry, Regions and Water Management.
Ion-acoustic solitary waves in a partially degenerate plasma
Creators: name: Dey, Rupak
name: Banerjee, Gadadhar
name: Misra, Amar P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The propagation of arbitrary amplitude ion-acoustic (IA) solitary waves (SWs) is studied in unmagnetized, collisionless, homogeneous electron-positron-ion (e-p-i) plasmas with finite temperature degeneracy of both electrons and positrons. Starting from a set of fluid equations for classical ions and Fermi-Dirac distribution for degenerate electrons and positrons, a linear dispersion relation for IA waves is derived. It is seen that the wave dispersion is significantly modified due to the presence of positron species and the effects of finite temperature degeneracy of electrons and positrons. In the nonlinear regime, the Sagdeev's pseudopotential approach is employed to study the existence domain and the evolution of nonlinear IA-SWs in terms of the parameters that are associated with the finite temperature degeneracy, the background number densities, and the thermal energies of electrons and positrons. It is found that in contrast to classical electron-ion plasmas both the subsonic and supersonic IA-SWs can exist in a partially degenerate e-p-i plasma.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures; Revised version to appear in IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Expected properties of the first gravitational wave signal detected with pulsar timing arrays
Creators: name: Rosado, Pablo A.
name: Sesana, Alberto
name: Gair, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we attempt to investigate the nature of the first gravitational wave (GW) signal to be detected by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs): will it be an individual, resolved supermassive black hole binary (SBHB), or a stochastic background made by the superposition of GWs produced by an ensemble of SBHBs? To address this issue, we analyse a broad set of simulations of the cosmological population of SBHBs, that cover the entire parameter space allowed by current electromagnetic observations in an unbiased way. For each simulation, we construct the expected GW signal and identify the loudest individual sources. We then employ appropriate detection statistics to evaluate the relative probability of detecting each type of source as a function of time for a variety of PTAs; we consider the current International PTA, and speculate into the era of the Square Kilometre Array. The main properties of the first detectable individual SBHBs are also investigated. Contrary to previous work, we cast our results in terms of the detection probability (DP), since the commonly adopted criterion based on a signal-to-noise ratio threshold is statistic-dependent and may result in misleading conclusions for the statistics adopted here. Our results confirm quantitatively that a stochastic signal is more likely to be detected first (with between 75 to 93 per cent probability, depending on the array), but the DP of single-sources is not negligible. Our framework is very flexible and can be easily extended to more realistic arrays and to signal models including environmental coupling and SBHB eccentricity.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, published in MNRAS
practical solutions for efficient structured collaborative work in the frame of CALLISTO, a reusable launcher first stage international demonstrator
Creators: name:  E. CLIQUET MORENO
name:   J. DESMARIAUX
name:   S. KRUMMEN
name:   Y. SAITO
Publisher: name: Proceedings of  the 9th European Conference for Aerospace Sciences. Lille, France, 27 June - 1 July, 2022
Year: 2022
Subjects: SYSTEM INTEGRATION
SYSTEM APPROACH

description: In order to address the technical difficulties and evaluate benefits of reusability of launchers, CNES, DLR and JAXA decided to join their efforts in developing a reduced scale in-flight demonstrator of a vertical take-off vertical landing first stage named CALLISTO (Cooperation Action Leading to Launcher Innovation in Stage Toss back Operations)[1]. CALLISTO vehicle is roughly 13m high and 1.1m diameter, with a mass of roughly 3.5t at lift-off and propelled by a LOx-LH2 engine derived from Japanese Reusable Vehicle Experiment [2]. On top of technical brainteasers associated to bringing a launcher first stage safely back to ground [3], CALLISTO project has to tackle the extra challenge of cooperation across 3 continents time zones (French Guiana, Europe, Japan), involving multiple cultures. The variety of cultures do not only relate to nationalities (mostly Japanese, German French) but also to the background of the team members (researchers, engineers, project managers) and to the different corporate cultures of the entities involved (national agencies, laboratories, small big industrial companies). After briefly summarizing the latest milestones progress of CALLISTO, this paper will focus on practical solutions processes that have been implemented for efficient structured collaborative work within the team. Dedicated concepts to maintain a single source of truth in distributed environments have been established for a shared System Engineering Database and a common Interface Control virtual space. Particular focus has been put here on the usability in the heterogeneity of teams, infrastructures and organizational heritage. Based on the recent experience and observations in this project, recommendations for future multilateral launch vehicle developments will be derived.
A study of the civil parish of Meare in the Poor Law Union of Wells in the County of Somerset with emphasis on the forces leading to decisions to either stay or to migrate from the parish in the period 1851 to 1891
Creators: name: Hardie, Stanley Ernest
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This thesis explores various factors which may have influenced migration decisions and the outcomes of those decisions of the villagers of Meare in the County of Somerset in the second half of the nineteenth century. Unlike many rural communities the population of Meare was still growing in the 1850s and 1860s, peaking in 1871, but then joined the general rural experience of a declining population. The village was affected by various factors – geographical, societal, agricultural, transport – which impacted on the population, and each of these are explored in a total history approach. It is a micro-history of a small population but this approach enables national trends to be illuminated and challenged. The various national censuses of the period provide the basic building blocks, enabling individuals, families and occupational groups to be studied. The parish and other local records add to the census records, as do newspaper, national and local, and other archives. These are used to build a picture of the village and the constraints and choices available to the various groups who made up the village population – the landowners, professional classes, farmers, tradespeople, manual workers and the largest group, the agricultural labourers. Two groups of people are specifically examined, the mothers of illegitimate children and their children, and those who found themselves in need of parish assistance or in the workhouse. Having studied the ‘push’ factors, attention then turns to the outcomes, first by reviewing Meare in 1891, and then the ‘pull’ factors are considered through the actual migration moves of those individuals it has been possible to trace. The overall conclusion is that despite a decline in population the village retained an underlying stability, but also that migration followed well-trodden paths to industrial and urban areas and overseas. Whereas overseas emigration declined in popularity over the period internal migration grew.
Dibenzoylmethane induced cell cycle arrest in human colon cancer cells and its pharmacokinetic disposition in the rats
Creators: name: Hong, Jin-Liern
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2007

description: The phytochemical dibenzoylmethane (DBM) is a minor constituent of licorice and has been shown to inhibit the growth of various types of cancer cells in vitro and prevent the carcinogenesis in various animal models. In previous studies in our laboratory it was found that DBM effectively inhibited colorectal carcinogenesis in APC(Min/+) mice. However, little is known regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this inhibition, and the pharmacokinetic disposition of DBM still remains unclear. In the first part of this thesis, the anti-proliferative activity of DBM in human colon carcinoma HT-29 cells and the possible molecular mechanisms were investigated. We found that DBM inhibited HT-29 cell proliferation and that this inhibition is associated with cell cycle arrest at G1 phase without inducing apoptosis. DBM-treatment dose-dependently down-regulated various cell cycle regulatory proteins including Cyclin D1, c-Myc and the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. It appears that decreased mRNA transcription and proteasome-mediated protein degradation were involved in the DBM-induced down-regulation of those proteins. At the same time, p21CIP1, a negative cell cycle regulatory protein, was up-regulated by DBM at both protein and mRNA levels. Taken together, our results from this cell culture studies suggest that DBM inhibited HT-29 cell growth by modulating cell cycle regulatory proteins leading to the induction of cell cycle arrest. In the second part of my thesis, I developed and validated a rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay to determine the concentrations of DBM in the rat plasma, then followed by examining the in vivo pharmacokinetics of DBM in the rats by using this HPLC assay with UV detector. The data indicate that DBM followed a linear pharmacokinetics within the dose ranges tested. The volume of distribution at steady state was about 7.1 L with a systemic clearance of 0.72 L/Kg and t1/2 of 13.23 hr. The oral bioavailability of DBM was approximately 11%. In summary, this thesis investigated the in vitro molecular mechanism of DBM-induced cell cycle arrest in HT-29 cells as well as the in vivo pharmacokinetic disposition of DBM in the rats.
Object Geolocalization Using Consumer-Grade Devices: Algorithms and Applications
Creators: name: Lampesberger, Harald
name: Hermann, Eckehard
name: Zeilinger, Markus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In this article, we present advancements in object geolocalization, originally intended for humanitarian aid, specifically for the localization of reminiscences of war, but also applicable in ecology, e.g., estimating geolocations of observed wildlife. The research utilizes consumer-grade devices such as smartphones and drones, aiming to localize objects geometrically without laser range finders. The main contributions are three geolocalizationa lgorithms operating in a global coordinate system – Ray Marching, Ray Intersection, and Gradient Descent – each suited for different scenarios depending on the availability and nature of measurement data. We also discuss the limitations and sources of error, such as GNSS accuracy and magnetic disturbances, and suggest a method for error correction. The implemented software prototypes were tested using the Parrot ANAFI drone and an Apple iPhone 14 smartphone, with future work focusing on improving error correction and incorporating object detectors for enhanced real-time geolocalization capabilities.
Anti-obesity effects of green tea EGCG, orange peel extract, black tea extract and caffeine in mice fed on a high-fat diet
Creators: name: Huang, Yu-Wen
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2007

description: In this study, we elucidate the anti-obesity effects of EGCG (Epigallocatechin-3-gallate), orange peel extracts (OPE), black tea extracts (BTE), and caffeine (CF) by oral feeding to female CD-1 mice. Female CD-1 mice were fed on high-fat diets containing 0.1% EGCG, 0.2% orange peel extract, 0.2% black tea extract and 0.05% caffeine, singly and in combination for 10 weeks. The body weight gain and weights of abdominal fat and brown adipose tissue were significantly reduced by the diets containing orange peel extract, black tea extract, caffeine, OPE + BTE and OPE + CF. Noticeably, our result also found that mice fed with high-fat diet supplemented daily among the combination of 0.2% OPE + 0.2% BTE + 0.05% CF prevented the body weight gain by 48.8%, the parametrial fat pad weight by 88.2%, retroperitoneal fat pad weight by 82.8% and brown adipose tissue by 63.7% compared to mice fed on high-fat diet. On the basis of these finding, it was supported that oral feeding of orange peel extracts, black tea extracts and caffeine had anti-obesity effects by suppressing body weigh growth and adipose tissue formation. Moreover, it was shown that orange peel extract, black tea extract and caffeine were synergistic in anti-obesity actions. To clarify the anti-obesity action of orange peel extract, female CD-1 mice were fed on various degrees of orange peel extracts and different composition of orange peel extract for 17 weeks. Our results showed that feeding of different degrees of orange peel extracts to female CD-1 mice fed high-fat diet results in the reduction of body weight, white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue as well as lipid profile includes total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL in blood. Furthermore, long term consumption of dietary orange peel extracts intake considerably decreases diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia, and hypercholesterolemia in mice without a dose-dependent manner.
Image Cropping under Design Constraints
Creators: name: Nishiyasu, Takumi
name: Shimoda, Wataru
name: Sato, Yoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Image cropping is essential in image editing for obtaining a compositionally enhanced image. In display media, image cropping is a prospective technique for automatically creating media content. However, image cropping for media contents is often required to satisfy various constraints, such as an aspect ratio and blank regions for placing texts or objects. We call this problem image cropping under design constraints. To achieve image cropping under design constraints, we propose a score function-based approach, which computes scores for cropped results whether aesthetically plausible and satisfies design constraints. We explore two derived approaches, a proposal-based approach, and a heatmap-based approach, and we construct a dataset for evaluating the performance of the proposed approaches on image cropping under design constraints. In experiments, we demonstrate that the proposed approaches outperform a baseline, and we observe that the proposal-based approach is better than the heatmap-based approach under the same computation cost, but the heatmap-based approach leads to better scores by increasing computation cost. The experimental results indicate that balancing aesthetically plausible regions and satisfying design constraints is not a trivial problem and requires sensitive balance, and both proposed approaches are reasonable alternatives.
description: ACMMM Asia accepted
Deformation Decomposition versus Energy Decomposition for Chemo- and Poro- Mechanics
Creators: name: Chua, Janel
name: Karimi, Mina
name: Kozlowski, Patrick
name: Massoudi, Mehrdad
name: Narasimhachary, Santosh
name: Kadau, Kai
name: Gazonas, George
name: Dayal, Kaushik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We briefly compare the structure of two classes of popular models used to describe poro- and chemo- mechanics wherein a fluid phase is transported within a solid phase. The multiplicative deformation decomposition has been successfully used to model permanent inelastic shape change in plasticity, solid-solid phase transformation, and thermal expansion, which has motivated its application to poro- and chemo- mechanics. However, the energetic decomposition provides a more transparent structure and advantages, such as to couple to phase-field fracture, for models of poro- and chemo- mechanics.
Autonomous Educational Knowledge Management System using Artificial Intelligence and Robotic Process Automation
Creators: name: U P, Narendra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Engineering
subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Aim of the knowledge management system (KMS) is to provide vital information through text, audio, visual and make the education knowledge as an exploring way. KMS is one of the data management systems and these experiments make tremendous changes in the educational sector. These implementations are to share the information and improve the education system exponentially. An important goal of this article is to build knowledge-based systems that solve challenging  problems of educational institutions on their own with a new direction, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Robot Process Automation (RPA). AI&RPA methods are proposed in this article to implement an autonomous knowledge management system for the research and development for the educational institutes to support learner queries and assistance. This proposed AI, RPA Autonomous knowledge management system is innovative and improves academic services. RPA services the learners, and answers to queries. This Robotic Process Automation helps to search the data of existing KMS as well as it retrieves additional knowledge beyond existing KMS and provides relevant data to the learner. RPA provides the information accurately with customized screen Interfaces, pictorial, graphical data. This RPA based KMS is enhanced and improved for the development of Higher  Educational system. 
Factors Influencing Utilization of Rehabilitation Services in the Community by Families with Children with Disability in Cagayan de Oro City
Creators: name: Chui, Irish Mae Castro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: The World Health Organization (WHO) is making efforts to collaborate governments, non-governmental organization (NGOs), and international health advocates in support of research for health in under-serves areas who have limited access to rehabilitation services (WHO, 2022). This research study helped synthesize data gaps on the factors influencing utilization of rehabilitation by families with children with disability in Cagayan de Oro City to address the lack of research on the predicament of children with disabilities. The focus is to showcase how barriers are still present in a city existing rehabilitation services. The specific objectives of the study are as follows: to determine patterns of treatment seeking behaviors in terms of utilizing rehabilitation services, to establish the identified perceived barriers, and to describe how the perceived barriers influence utilization of rehabilitation services such as therapy by families with children with disability in Cagayan de Oro City. Mixed methods exploratory sequential research design was used. Q-methodology was used and analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Virmax Rotation. In this study, with the estimated number of 33 statements in the Q-set, the targeted number of participants for the Q-methodology is 32. This study revealed three prominent factors that influence the utilization of rehabilitation services by children with disabilities, namely: systemic discrimination base on differences in culture and ethnicity, socioeconomic factors such as affordability and accessibility, and predisposed health beliefs and lack of trust to health professionals. This means that improving access to health care integrated to rehabilitation is necessary to improve the health of children with disability and help them attain a better life so they can fully participate in family and community activities.
TaxaNet: Harnessing a Hierarchical Loss Function for Insect Classification Using Deep Learning
Creators: name: Padubidri, Chirag
name: Visserman, Heleen
name: Lanitis, Andreas
name: Kamilaris, Andreas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Insects have the largest percentage of all living organisms worldwide, playing a pivotal role in maintaining essential ecosystem services such as pollination, pest control, nutrient cycling, and food provisioning. However, recent studies have reported alarming declines in insect populations globally, highlighting an urgent need for automated methods to estimate and quantify these populations, to better understand the reasons of their decline and to take proper measures. The ability to automatically estimate insect populations is crucial for shaping appropriate environmental policies. Advances in AI and computer vision techniques are revolutionizing the study of insects through non-invasive camera traps. However, the diversity of insects, close resemblances of many species, and multi-level taxa classification remain significant challenges in image-based insect monitoring. In this work, we propose TaxaNet a deep learning model for multi-level insect taxa classification, utilizing a pretrained EfficientNet as a feature extractor, followed by six classification blocks. Each block predicts one of the six taxonomic levels: Kingdom, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. This hierarchical design and the loss function improves lower-level taxa predictions by leveraging the higher-level features available. A class-weighted hierarchical loss function, alongside the standard class-wise loss, allows the model to understand the relationships between taxonomic levels while maintaining classification accuracy. Trained on the Diopsis insect camera trap dataset containing 31,000 training images and 7,900 test images, the model achieved an average precision of 0.85 and a recall of 0.86 across five taxonomic levels. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in harnessing multi-level insect taxonomy to achieve multi-level insect classification.
Pulmonary Delivery of Nanoparticle-Bound Toll-like Receptor 9 Agonist for the Treatment of Metastatic Lung Cancer
Creators: name: Harrison, E.B.
name: Perry, J.L.
name: Cheng, N.
name: Ting, J.P.-Y.
name: Tian, S.
name: Luft, J.C.
name: Kapadia, C.H.
name: Sengottuvel, N.
name: Desimone, J.M.
name: Gorentla, B.K.
name: Pecot, C.V.
Publisher: name: American Chemical Society
Year: 2020

description: CpG oligodeoxynucleotides are potent toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 agonists and have shown promise as anticancer agents in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Binding of CpG to TLR9 initiates a cascade of innate and adaptive immune responses, beginning with activation of dendritic cells and resulting in a range of secondary effects that include the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, activation of natural killer cells, and expansion of T cell populations. Recent literature suggests that local delivery of CpG in tumors results in superior antitumor effects as compared to systemic delivery. In this study, we utilized PRINT (particle replication in nonwetting templates) nanoparticles as a vehicle to deliver CpG into murine lungs through orotracheal instillations. In two murine orthotopic metastasis models of non-small-cell lung cancer-344SQ (lung adenocarcinoma) and KAL-LN2E1 (lung squamous carcinoma), local delivery of PRINT-CpG into the lungs effectively promoted substantial tumor regression and also limited systemic toxicities associated with soluble CpG. Furthermore, cured mice were completely resistant to tumor rechallenge. Additionally, nanodelivery showed extended retention of CpG within the lungs as well as prolonged elevation of antitumor cytokines in the lungs, but no elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the serum. These results demonstrate that PRINT-CpG is a potent nanoplatform for local treatment of lung cancer that has collateral therapeutic effects on systemic disease and an encouraging toxicity profile and may have the potential to treat lung metastasis of other cancer types.
How to improve the estimation of red deer (Cervus elaphus) population density in Serbia
Creators: name: Urošević, Miroslav
name: Mirceta, Jovan
name: Tubic, Bojan
name: Beukovic, Dejan
name: Wisely, Samantha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Spatial and temporal estimates of population abundance or density are essential to evaluate whether conservation efforts are having the desired effects on endangered species and to determine the impact of extrinsic effects such as climate change or land use change, or the intrinsic threats such as disease outbreaks. Precise estimates are challenging because red deer have a relatively large radius of movement between the place where they stay during the day and where they take food at night which can lead to counting errors of 10, 20 and even 50%. To the author’s best knowledge, there is a lack of available data about red deer (Cervus elaphus) counting methods in Serbia, as well as possible improvements of the current situation. This was the motivation to conduct a short analysis on the state-of-the-art use of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) i.e. drones in the estimation of red deer population density in Europe as a possible solution for Serbia.
Signature Change of the Metric in CDT Quantum Gravity?
Creators: name: Ambjørn, Jan
name: Coumbe, Daniel N.
name: Gizbert-Studnicki, Jakub
name: Jurkiewicz, Jerzy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effective transfer matrix within the semiclassical and bifurcation phases of CDT quantum gravity. We find that for sufficiently large lattice volumes the kinetic term of the effective transfer matrix has a different sign in each of the two phases. We argue that this sign change can be viewed as a Wick rotation of the metric. We discuss the likely microscopic mechanism responsible for the bifurcation phase transition, and propose an order parameter that can potentially be used to determine the precise location and order of the transition. Using the effective transfer matrix we approximately locate the position of the bifurcation transition in some region of coupling constant space, allowing us to present an updated version of the CDT phase diagram.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
Multi-color imaging of magnetic Co/Pt heterostructures
Creators: name: Willems, Felix
name: Von Korff Schmising, Clemens
name: Weder, David
name: Günther, Christian M.
name: Schneider, Michael
name: Pfau, Bastian
name: Meise, Sven
name: Guehrs, Erik
name: Geilhufe, Jan
name: Merhe, Alaa El Din
name: Jal, Emmanuelle
name: Vodungbo, Boris
name: Lüning, Jan
name: Mahieu, Benoit
name: Capotondi, Flavio
name: Pedersoli, Emanuele
name: Gauthier, David
name: Manfredda, Michele
name: Eisebitt, Stefan
Publisher: name: Melville, NY : AIP Publishing LLC
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Coherent scattering
subject: Magnetic domains
subject: Real time systems
subject: 530
subject: 500

description: We present an element specific and spatially resolved view of magnetic domainsin Co/Pt heterostructures in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range. Resonantsmall-angle scattering and coherent imaging with Fourier-transform holographyreveal nanoscale magnetic domain networks via magnetic dichroism of Co at theM2,3 edges as well as via strong dichroic signals at the O2,3 and N6,7 edges of Pt.We demonstrate for the first time simultaneous, two-color coherent imaging at afree-electron laser facility paving the way for a direct real space access toultrafast magnetization dynamics in complex multicomponent material systems.
The role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy
Creators: name: Hamed, Mohamed
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is a common cause of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. The defining characteristic of IgAN is the presence of galactose deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) containing immune complexes (ICs) in the glomerular mesangium, with subsequent mesangial cell proliferation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, leading to end stage renal disease (ESRD). Although higher levels of Gd-IgA1 are commonly seen in patients with IgAN, this does not lead to development of glomerulonephritis in all patients. Indeed, the pathogenesis of IgAN is incompletely understood and glomerular IgA deposits may be seen in people with no evidence of renal disease. It is well documented that the deposited IgA originates from serum and that Gd-IgA1 is recognised by anti-glycan antibodies, (IgG and IgA). These antibodies combine with Gd-IgA1 to form circulating ICs that deposit in the mesangium and trigger mesangial cell proliferation and the release of cytokines. In the majority of IgAN kidney biopsies, C3 and other complement proteins are observed. The origin of these proteins is unclear. Changes in the level of serum complement proteins have been observed in IgAN suggesting disease-associated complement activation. To date, the role of complement in IgAN has not been clearly defined. This thesis aimed to investigate the role of complement in IgAN by measuring serum levels of IgA-complement ICs in IgAN using novel in-house ELISAs, developing a model of IgAN in a C3 gain-of-function (GOF) transgenic mouse, and assessing the human mesangial cell response to IgA1 containing high and low levels of IgA-complement ICs. I found that IgAN was associated with the presence of high serum levels of IgA-complement macromolecular complexes which was also observed in C3 GOF mice, and that high levels of these complexes were associated with severity of IgAN and more renal histological changes in mice. Moreover, exposing human mesangial cells to ICs containing high levels of IgA-complement ICs resulted in an exaggerated pro-inflammatory IL-6 cytokine response. These results support the hypothesis that in IgAN complement components bind directly to IgA in the circulation forming high molecular weight IgA-complement complexes which subsequently become trapped in the glomerular mesangium, leading to the activation of mesangial cells.