cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Updated Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosing Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Creators: name: Shah, Prachi E.
name: Kalberg, Wendy O.
name: Blankenship, Jason
name: Adnams, Colleen M.
name: Jewett, Tamison
name: Marais, Anna-Susan
name: Chambers, Christina
name: Coles, Claire D.
name: Riley, Edward P.
name: Adam, Margaret P.
name: May, Philip A.
name: Warren, Kenneth R.
name: Elliott, Amy J.
name: Hoyme, H. Eugene
name: Abdul-Rahman, Omar
name: Charness, Michael E.
name: Buckley, David
name: Manning, Melanie A.
name: Robinson, Luther K.
name: Jones, Kenneth L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure constitute a continuum of disabilities (fetal alcohol spectrum disorders [FASD]). In 1996, the Institute of Medicine established diagnostic categories delineating the spectrum but not specifying clinical criteria by which diagnoses could be assigned. In 2005, the authors published practical guidelines operationalizing the Institute of Medicine categories, allowing for standardization of FASD diagnoses in clinical settings. The purpose of the current report is to present updated diagnostic guidelines based on a thorough review of the literature and the authors’ combined expertise based on the evaluation of >10 000 children for potential FASD in clinical settings and in epidemiologic studies in conjunction with National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism–funded studies, the Collaborative Initiative on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, and the Collaboration on FASD Prevalence. The guidelines were formulated through conference calls and meetings held at National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism offices in Rockville, MD. Specific areas addressed include the following: precise definition of documented prenatal alcohol exposure; neurobehavioral criteria for diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome, partial fetal alcohol syndrome, and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder; revised diagnostic criteria for alcohol-related birth defects; an updated comprehensive research dysmorphology scoring system; and a new lip/philtrum guide for the white population, incorporating a 45-degree view. The guidelines reflect consensus among a large and experienced cadre of FASD investigators in the fields of dysmorphology, epidemiology, neurology, psychology, developmental/behavioral pediatrics, and educational diagnostics. Their improved clarity and specificity will guide clinicians in accurate diagnosis of infants and children prenatally exposed to alcohol.
National Election Pool Poll: 2020 National Election Day Exit Poll
Creators: name: ABC News
name: CBS News
name: CNN
name: National Election Pool (NEP)
name: NBC
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2023

description: Presidential vote (4); US House vote (1); factors in deciding presidential vote (4); Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement (1); Supreme Court and 2010 federal health care law (Affordable Care Act, Obamacare) (1); Joe Biden favorability (1); President Donald Trump favorability (1); criminal justice system (1); wearing face mask in public (1); first time voter (1); voting for candidate/against opponent (1); national economy (1); 2016 presidential vote (1); feelings if Biden is elected (1); feelings if Trump is re-elected (1); feelings about federal government (1); Biden/Trump better able to handle economy, coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic (2); coronavirus pandemic (3); life for next generation of Americans (1); voting difficulty (1); candidates’ physical, mental health (1); racism (1); Kamala Harris favorability (1); Mike Pence favorability (1); confidence in accurate vote count (1); Trump job performance (1); abortion (1); personal financial situation (1); temperament of presidential candidates (2); climate change (1); household labor union membership (1); veteran status (1).
Supplementary documentation for SAEON's field instrument data collected at the Cathedral Peak Bambanani AWS station
Creators: name: South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) Grasslands-Forests-Wetlands Node
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: SAEON field instruments
Standard Operating Procedures
Calibration
Cathedral Peak
Meteorological
Automatic Weather Station Davis
Automatic Weather Station
Wind speed
Wind direction
Air temperature
rainfall
Barometer

description: This package contains supporting information for the meteorological data collected at Cathedral Peak's Bambanani AWS station, as part of the South African Environmental Observation Network's monitoring projects.
Announcements Versus Conversations to Improve HPV Vaccination Coverage: A Randomized Trial
Creators: name: Brewer, Noel T.
name: Malo, Teri L.
name: Hall, Megan E.
name: Lathren, Christine
name: Gilkey, Melissa B.
name: Quinn, Beth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Improving provider recommendations is critical to addressing low human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage. Thus, we sought to determine the effectiveness of training providers to improve their recommendations using either presumptive “announcements” or participatory “conversations.”
Basis construction for range estimation by phase unwrapping
Creators: name: Akhlaq, Assad
name: McKilliam, R. G.
name: Subramanian, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of estimating the distance, or range, between two locations by measuring the phase of a sinusoidal signal transmitted between the locations. This method is only capable of unambiguously measuring range within an interval of length equal to the wavelength of the signal. To address this problem signals of multiple different wavelengths can be transmitted. The range can then be measured within an interval of length equal to the least common multiple of these wavelengths. Estimation of the range requires solution of a problem from computational number theory called the closest lattice point problem. Algorithms to solve this problem require a basis for this lattice. Constructing a basis is non-trivial and an explicit construction has only been given in the case that the wavelengths can be scaled to pairwise relatively prime integers. In this paper we present an explicit construction of a basis without this assumption on the wavelengths. This is important because the accuracy of the range estimator depends upon the wavelengths. Simulations indicate that significant improvement in accuracy can be achieved by using wavelengths that cannot be scaled to pairwise relatively prime integers.
description: submitted to IEEE Signal Processing Letters
Hints of dynamical vacuum energy in the expanding Universe
Creators: name: Sola, Joan
name: Gomez-Valent, Adria
name: Perez, Javier de Cruz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently there have been claims on model-independent evidence of dynamical dark energy. Herein we consider a fairly general class of cosmological models with a time-evolving cosmological term of the form $Λ(H)=C_0+C_H H^2+C_{\dot{H}} \dot{H}$, where $H$ is the Hubble rate. These models are well motivated from the theoretical point of view since they can be related to the general form of the effective action of quantum field theory in curved spacetime. Consistency with matter conservation can be achieved by letting the Newtonian coupling $G$ change very slowly with the expansion. We solve these dynamical vacuum models and fit them to the wealth of expansion history and linear structure formation data. The results of our analysis show a significantly better agreement as compared to the concordance $Λ$CDM model, thus supporting the possibility of a dynamical cosmic vacuum.
description: Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters. Extended discussion including BBN and CMB bounds, one more table and figure. References added
The Turing Way Guide to Reproducible, Ethical and Collaborative Research
Creators: name: Sharan, Malvika
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: For speakers notes, please visit the Google slides maintained by SeptembRSE conference team. As researchers, we make complex choices around project design and decision-making throughout the lifecycle of our research. We are expected to ensure that our research objects are easily accessed, openly examined and built upon by others in future work. Although open and transparent reporting helps to make sure that scientific work can be trusted, we must also integrate considerations of the societal and ethical implications of our work. Especially when these considerations impact people's lives. Furthermore, reproducible research practices are important for enabling independent verification of research methods, underlying data, analysis code and workflows. All these require an understanding of research best practices and skills that are often not widely taught or explored among academic researchers. In this talk, I will introduce The Turing Way - an open source community-driven guide to reproducible, ethical and inclusive data science and research. Our goal is to provide all the information that researchers, industry professionals and community leaders need at the start of their projects to ensure that they maintain the highest reproducible and ethical standards at all stages of development. All attendees will leave the talk understanding the many dimensions of openness and how they can participate in an inclusive, kind and inspiring open source ecosystem as they collaboratively seek to improve research culture. All questions and contributions are welcome at GitHub repository: https://github.com/alan-turing-institute/the-turing-way.
Transport through a quantum dot coupled to two Majorana bound states
Creators: name: Zeng, Qi-Bo
name: Chen, Shu
name: You, L.
name: Lv, Rong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate electron transport inside a ring system composed of a quantum dot (QD) coupled to two Majorana bound states confined at the ends of a one-dimensional topological superconductor nanowire. By tuning the magnetic flux threading through the ring, the model system we consider can be switched into states with or without zero-energy modes when the nanowire is in its topological phase. We find that the Fano profile in the conductance spectrum due to the interference between bound and continuum states exhibits markedly different features for these two different situations, which consequently can be used to detect the Majorana zero-energy mode. Most interestingly, as a periodic function of magnetic flux, the conductance shows $2π$ periodicity when the two Majorana bound states are nonoverlapping (as in an infinitely long nanowire) but displays $4π$ periodicity when the overlapping becomes nonzero (as in a finite length nanowire). We map the model system into a QD--Kitaev ring in the Majorana fermion representation and affirm these different characteristics by checking the energy spectrum.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Supplementary documentation for SAEON's field instrument data collected at the Jonkershoek Bosboukloof station
Creators: name: South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) Fynbos Node
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: SAEON field instruments
Standard Operating Procedures
Calibration
Jonkershoek
Hydrological
Weir
Water level
water temperature

description: This package contains supporting information for the hydrological data collected at Jonkershoek's Bosboukloof station, as part of the South African Environmental Observation Network's monitoring projects.
Critical Fitness Collapse in Three-Dimensional Spatial Population Genetics
Creators: name: Lavrentovich, Maxim O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: If deleterious mutations near a fitness maximum in a spatially distributed population are sufficiently frequent or detrimental, the population can undergo a fitness collapse, similarly to the Muller's ratchet effect in well-mixed populations. Recent studies of one-dimensional habitats (e.g., the frontier of a two-dimensional range expansion) have shown that the onset of the fitness collapse is described by a directed percolation phase transition with its associated critical exponents. We consider population fitness collapse in three-dimensional range expansions with both inflating and fixed-size frontiers (applicable to, e.g., expanding and treadmilling spherical tumors, respectively). We find that the onset of fitness collapse in these two cases obeys different scaling laws, and that competition between species at the frontier leads to a deviation from directed percolation scaling. As in two-dimensional range expansions, inflating frontiers modify the critical behavior by causally disconnecting well-separated portions of the population.
description: 25 pages, 11 figures
Celiac Disease and Anorexia Nervosa: A Nationwide Study
Creators: name: Rewers, Marian
name: Liu, Edwin
name: Bulik, Cynthia M.
name: Ludvigsson, Jonas F.
name: Marild, Karl
name: Ekbom, Anders
name: Stordal, Ketil
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Previous research suggests an association of celiac disease (CD) with anorexia nervosa (AN), but data are mostly limited to case reports. We aimed to determine whether CD is associated with the diagnosis of AN.

METHODS: Register-based cohort and case-control study including women with CD (n = 17 959) and sex- and age-matched population-based controls (n = 89 379). CD (villous atrophy) was identified through the histopathology records of Sweden's 28 pathology departments. Inpatient and hospital-based outpatient records were used to identify AN. Hazard ratios for incident AN diagnosis were estimated by using stratified Cox regression with CD diagnosis as a time-dependent exposure variable. In the secondary analyses, we used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios for being diagnosed with AN before CD.

RESULTS: Median age of CD diagnosis was 28 years. During 1 174 401 person-years of follow-up, 54 patients with CD were diagnosed with AN (27/100 000 person-years) compared with 180 matched controls (18/100 000 person-years). The hazard ratio for later AN was 1.46 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.98) and 1.31 beyond the first year after CD diagnosis (95% CI, 0.95-1.81). A previous AN diagnosis was also associated with CD (odds ratio, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.45-3.29). Estimates remained largely unchanged when adjusted for socioeconomic characteristics and type 1 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS: The bidirectional association between AN diagnosis and CD warrants attention in the initial assessment and follow-up of these conditions because underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis of these disorders likely cause protracted and unnecessary morbidity.
Super-resolving J-PLUS images
Creators: name: Pintos-Castro, Irene
name: Del Pino, Andrés
name: Cernadas, Eva
name: Fernández Delgado, Manuel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: super-resolution, optical imaging, wide surveys

description: Using paired images of JAST/T80 Telescope in OAJ and of Hubble Space Telescope we aim at increasing the resolution of JAST/T80 images with the objective of enhancing object detection. Higher resolution versions of JAST/T80 images in crowded areas of the sky will significantly increase the number of stars and/or galaxies detected, enabling a better measurement of their photometry. We pre-processed both low-resolution and high-resolution images to build a dataset of paired crops, which is used to train the Real-ESRGAN neural network. We are able to get super-resolved images with a 4× scale and an FSIM=0.8903, showing an improvement in the source detection in crowded areas. However, visual inspection of bright stars and nearby galaxies reveals that there is room for learning a better model that can reproduce the PSF and the details of the extended objects.
Line intercept - Leucadendron Salignum in Groot Winterhoek, Katbakkies - Road to De Tronk, site 3319AA/12
Creators: name: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Centre
Groot Winterhoek
Leucadendron salignum

description: This is a scanned copy of a document of a line intercept in monitoring site 3319AA/12 in Groot Winterhoek, including Leucadendron salignum. The Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center (part of the former South African Forestry Research Institute) was established in 1935 at Jonkershoek, near Stellenbosch, under the directorship of Dr C. L. Wicht. The initial aim was to determine how forestry activities in state plantations would affect climate, water conservation and erosion, and was later expanded to include studies of fynbos ecology, fire and alien species. Studies from the 1930s to the early 1990s saw the accumulation of a large amount of data dealing with fire experiments, detailed vegetation plot surveys, rare plant surveys and ecological studies, hydrological studies and the development of management plans for catchments around the Western Cape. SAEON now houses the archive of data collected by the Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center, which was originally held by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).
On the Shape Dependence of Entanglement Entropy
Creators: name: Carmi, Dean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the shape dependence of entanglement entropy (EE) by deforming symmetric entangling surfaces. We show that entangling surfaces with a rotational or translational symmetry extremize (locally) the EE with respect to shape deformations that break some of the symmetry (i.e. the 1st order correction vanishes). This result applies to EE and Renyi entropy for any QFT in any dimension. Using Solodukhin's formula in $4d$ and holography in any $d$, we calculate the 2nd order correction to the universal EE for CFTs and simple symmetric entangling surfaces. In all cases we find that the 2nd order correction is positive, and thus the corresponding symmetric entangling surface is a local minimum. Some of the results are extended to free massive fields and to 4d Renyi entropy.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures, minor changes, added references
Fragile X Newborn Screening: Lessons Learned From a Multisite Screening Study
Creators: name: Powell, Cynthia M.
name: Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth
name: Wheeler, Anne
name: Tassone, Flora
name: Guarda, Sonia
name: Hagerman, Randi
name: Bailey, Donald B.
name: Gane, Louise W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: BACKGROUND: Delays in the diagnosis of children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) suggest the possibility of newborn screening as a way to identify children earlier. However, FXS does not have a proven treatment that must be provided early, and ethical concerns have been raised about the detection of infants who are carriers. This article summarizes major findings from a multisite, prospective, longitudinal pilot screening study.

METHODS: Investigators in North Carolina, California, and Illinois collaborated on a study in which voluntary screening for FXS was offered to parents in 3 birthing hospitals. FXS newborn screening was offered to >28 000 families to assess public acceptance and determine whether identification of babies resulted in any measurable harms or adverse events. Secondary goals were to determine the prevalence of FMR1 carrier gene expansions, study the consent process, and describe early development and behavior of identified children.

RESULTS: A number of publications have resulted from the project. This article summarizes 10 "lessons learned" about the consent process, reasons for accepting and declining screening, development and evaluation of a decision aid, prevalence of carriers, father participation in consent, family follow-up, and maternal reactions to screening.

CONCLUSIONS: The project documented public acceptance of screening as well as the challenges inherent in obtaining consent in the hospital shortly after birth. Collectively, the study provides answers to a number of questions that now set the stage for a next generation of research to determine the benefits of earlier identification for children and families.
When is a quantum heat engine quantum?
Creators: name: Friedenberger, Alexander
name: Lutz, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum thermodynamics studies quantum effects in thermal machines. But when is a heat engine, which cyclically interacts with external reservoirs that unavoidably destroy its quantum coherence, really quantum? We here use the Leggett-Garg inequality to assess the nonclassical properties of a single two-level Otto engine. We provide the complete phase diagram characterizing the quantumness of the engine as a function of its parameters and identify three distinct phases. We further derive an explicit expression for the transition temperature.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Novel freeze-drying matrix for enhancing viability of probiotic supplemented milkshake during simulated in vitro digestion
Creators: name: Muninathan, Chakravarthy
name: Poompozhilan, Megavarshini
name: Guruchandran, Srisowmeya
name: Kalyan, Adithya Jairam Viswanath
name: Ganesan, Nandhini Devi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Probiotics are recognized as essential components to improve health and regulate immune functions. Despite several probiotic formulations, the anticipation for non-fermented probiotic foods is noticeable. The objective of the study was to investigate and develop a stable freeze-dried synbiotic formula that can serve the purpose of a probiotic enricher as well as a thickener in an instant milk-based beverage. The freeze-dried synbiotic formula was assessed for the protective effect of whey protein-polysaccharides for retaining high cell viability during freeze-drying and subsequent storage. Highest survival rates were obtained for WP-15%I (85.90%), WP-15%P (85.43%), and WP-0.6%X (80.23%) combinations. During storage at 4 °C for 75 d, a lower specific rate of cell inactivation was found for WP-0.4%X (–0.0184 day−1), WP-5%P (–0.0197 day−1) and WP-5%I (–0.023 day−1). Subsequent ingestion of synbiotic portions in the gastro-intestinal digestion simulator was studied in two ways to enumerate the retaining cell viability and understanding the importance of co-ingested food. Synbiotic portions reconstituted in milk showed higher probiotic survival through gastrointestinal digestion than water demonstrating the significance of supporting food matrix for improving the survival and efficiency of probiotics.
Production of new lipase from Preussia africana and partial characterization
Creators: name: Oliveira, Gustavo F.
name: Silva, Milena R. L.
name: Hirata, Daniela B.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: The present work aims to study the production of a new extracellular lipase from the endophytic fungus Preussia africana isolated from red lapacho tree (Handroanthus impetiginosus). Tests were carried out in order to evaluate the influence of different inducing oils (sunflower, cotton, corn, palm kernel, canola and linseed) and carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N of 11.73, 8.63 and 7.05) on submerged fermentation aiming at optimal production of a single extracellular lipase. Results show that an optimal lipase production of 14.5 kDa has been attained after 48 h of fermentation when sunflower oil was used in the C/N ratio of 8.63 in the fermentation medium. The produced lipase showed greater activity for oils that had higher percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in their composition. Characterization was performed using a two-factor central composite rotatable design (CCRD), and the pH 6 was found to be optimal (around 28 U/mL). The temperature range studied (from 20 to 54 °C) showed no difference for the lipase catalytic activity. This is an advantage, especially when aiming at its application in reactions of industrial interest.
$C$-field cosmological models: revisited
Creators: name: Yadav, A. K.
name: Ali, A. T.
name: Ray, Saibal
name: Rahaman, F.
name: Sardar, I. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate plane symmetric space-time filled with perfect fluid in the $C$-field cosmology of Hoyle and Narlikar. A new class of exact solutions have been obtained by considering the creation field $C$ as a function of time only. To get the deterministic solution, it has been assumed that the rate of creation of matter-energy density is proportional to the strength of the existing $C$-field energy density. Several physical aspects and geometrical properties of the models are discussed in detail, especially it is shown that some of our solutions of $C$-field cosmology are free from singularity in contrast to the Big Bang cosmology. A comparative study has been carried out between two models, one singular and the other nonsingular, by contrasting the behaviour of the physical parameters and noted that the model in a unique way represents both the features of the accelerating as well as decelerating Universe depending on the parameters and thus seems provides glimpses of the oscillating or cyclic model of the Universe without invoking any other agent or theory in allowing cyclicity.
description: 20 pages, 13 figures, Accepted in `Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics'
Newborn Sequencing in Genomic Medicine and Public Health
Creators: name: Dukhovny, Dmitry
name: Pereira, Stacey
name: Mooney, Sean D.
name: Wise, Anastasia L.
name: Puck, Jennifer M.
name: Yu, Timothy W.
name: Cakici, Julie A.
name: Milko, Laura V.
name: Roche, Myra
name: Berg, Jonathan S.
name: Powell, Bradford C.
name: Brenner, Steven E.
name: Lewis, Megan A.
name: Kwok, Pui-Yan
name: Koenig, Barbara A.
name: Powell, Cynthia M.
name: Holm, Ingrid A.
name: Willig, Laurel
name: Leeder, Steven J.
name: Chen, Flavia
name: Beggs, Alan H.
name: Kingsmore, Stephen F.
name: Rehm, Heidi L.
name: Bailey, Donald B.
name: Lantos, John
name: Agrawal, Pankaj B.
name: Ceyhan-Birsoy, Ozge
name: Risch, Neil
name: Joseph, Galen
name: Parad, Richard B.
name: Urv, Tiina
name: Green, Robert C.
name: Shieh, Joseph T.
name: Watson, Michael S.
name: Veeraraghavan, Narayanan
name: Chan, Kee
name: Currier, Robert J.
name: Brower, Amy M.
name: Iglesias, Brenda
name: Petrikin, Joshua
name: McGuire, Amy L.
name: Harris-Wai, Julie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The rapid development of genomic sequencing technologies has decreased the cost of genetic analysis to the extent that it seems plausible that genome-scale sequencing could have widespread availability in pediatric care. Genomic sequencing provides a powerful diagnostic modality for patients who manifest symptoms of monogenic disease and an opportunity to detect health conditions before their development. However, many technical, clinical, ethical, and societal challenges should be addressed before such technology is widely deployed in pediatric practice. This article provides an overview of the Newborn Sequencing in Genomic Medicine and Public Health Consortium, which is investigating the application of genome-scale sequencing in newborns for both diagnosis and screening.
Pressure, stress, and strain distribution in the double-stage diamond anvil cell
Creators: name: Lobanov, Sergey S.
name: Prakapenka, Vitali B.
name: Prescher, Clemens
name: Konôpkova, Zuzana
name: Liermann, Hanns-Peter
name: Crispin, Katherine
name: Zhang, Chi
name: Goncharov, Alexander F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Double stage diamond anvil cells (DAC) of two designs have been assembled and tested. We used a standard symmetric DAC as a primary stage and CVD microanvils machined by a focused ion beam - as a second. We evaluated pressure, stress, and strain distributions in Au and Fe-Au samples as well as in secondary anvils using synchrotron x-ray diffraction with a micro-focused beam. A maximum pressure of 240 GPa was reached independent of the first stage anvil culet size. We found that the stress field generated by the second stage anvils is typical of conventional DAC experiments. The maximum pressures reached are limited by strains developing in the secondary anvil and by cupping of the first stage diamond anvil in the presented experimental designs. Also, our experiments show that pressures of several megabars may be reached without sacrificing the first stage diamond anvils.
Obesogenic Behavior and Weight-Based Stigma in Popular Children’s Movies, 2012 to 2015
Creators: name: Steiner, Michael J.
name: Perrin, Eliana M.
name: Ravanbakht, Sophie N.
name: Brown, Jane D.
name: Skinner, Asheley Cockrell
name: Perrin, Andrew J.
name: Howard, Janna B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: BACKGROUND: Obesity-promoting content and weight-stigmatizing messages are common in child-directed television programming and advertisements, and 1 study found similar trends in G- and PG-rated movies from 2006 to 2010. Our objective was to examine the prevalence of such content in more recent popular children's movies.

METHODS: Raters examined 31 top-grossing G- and PG-rated movies released from 2012 to 2015. For each 10-minute segment (N = 302) and for movies as units, raters documented the presence of eating-, activity-, and weight-related content observed on-screen. To assess interrater reliability, 10 movies (32%) were coded by more than 1 rater.

RESULTS: The result of Cohen's κ test of agreement among 3 raters was 0.65 for binary responses (good agreement). All 31 movies included obesity-promoting content; most common were unhealthy foods (87% of movies, 42% of segments), exaggerated portion sizes (71%, 29%), screen use (68%, 38%), and sugar-sweetened beverages (61%, 24%). Weight-based stigma, such as a verbal insult about body size or weight, was observed in 84% of movies and 30% of segments.

CONCLUSIONS: Children's movies include much obesogenic and weight-stigmatizing content. These messages are not shown in isolated incidences; rather, they often appear on-screen multiple times throughout the entire movie. Future research should explore these trends over time, and their effects.
The Turing Way workshop: Boost your reproducibility with Binder
Creators: name: Sharan, Malvika
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: This workshop was organized with the UKDRI team. Title: The Turing Way workshop on Boost your reproducibility with Binder Date: 11 June, 2020 13:00 - 17:00 (GMT) Instructors: Kirstie Whitaker, Sarah Gibson, Malvika Sharan Shared notes: https://hackmd.io/@malvikasharan/BinderJune2020 Agenda: Time, Activity 13:00 - 13:10, Introductions 13:10 - 13:20, Introduction to the workshop and The Turing Way (Malvika Sharan) 13:20 - 14.30, Why you need a reproducible computing environment and how Binder can help (Kirstie Whitaker) 14:30 - 15:00, Break 15:00 - 16:00, Zero to Binder, a guided tour of building a Binder resource (Sarah Gibson) 16:00 - 16:30, Build your own Binder (Group activity) 16:30 - 17:00, Feedback, demo and closing
Should School Boards Discontinue Support for High School Football?
Creators: name: Lantos, John D.
name: Halstead, Mark
name: Margolis, Lewis H.
name: Canty, Greg
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: A pediatrician is asked by her local school board to help them decide whether to discontinue their high school football program. She reviews the available evidence on the risks of football and finds it hopelessly contradictory. Some scholars claim that football is clearly more dangerous than other sports. Others suggest that the risks of football are comparable to other sports, such as lacrosse, ice hockey, or soccer. She finds very little data on the long-term sequelae of concussions. She sees claims that good coaching and a school culture that prioritizes the health of athletes over winning can reduce morbidity from sports injuries. In this paper, 3 experts also review the evidence about sports risks and discuss what is known and not known about the science and the ethics of high school football.
The Trapping and Characterization of a Single Hydrogen Molecule in a Continuously Tunable Nanocavity
Creators: name: Wang, Hui
name: Li, Shaowei
name: He, Haiyan
name: Yu, Arthur
name: Toledo, Freddy
name: Han, Zhumin
name: Ho, W.
name: Wu, Ruqian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy with the scanning tunneling microscope (STM-IETS) and density functional theory calculations (DFT), we investigated properties of a single H2 molecule trapped in nanocavities with controlled shape and separation between the STM tip and the Au (110) surface. The STM tip not only serves for the purpose of characterization, but also is directly involved in modification of chemical environment of molecule. The bond length of H2 expands in the atop cavity, with a tendency of dissociation when the gap closes, whereas it remains unchanged in the trough cavity. The availability of two substantially different cavities in the same setup allows understanding of H2 adsorption on noble metal surfaces and sets a path for manipulating a single chemical bond by design.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Extended Bose-Hubbard model in a shaken optical lattice
Creators: name: Miao, Jiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an extended Bose-Hubbard model with next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) hopping in a shaken optical lattice. We show how mean-field phase diagram evolves with the change of NNN hopping amplitude $t_{2}$, which can be easily tuned via shaking amplitude. As $t_{2}$ increases, a $Z_{2}$-symmetry-breaking superfluid ($Z_{2}$SF) phase emerges at the bottom of the Mott lobs. The tricritical points between normal superfluid, $Z_{2}$SF, and Mott insulator (MI) phases are identified. We further demonstrate the tricritical point can be tuned to the tip of the Mott lobe, in which case a new critical behavior has been predicted. Within random-phase approximation, excitation spectra in the three phases are obtained, which indicate how the phase transitions occur.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Transformative Trade: The Impacts of Trade on the Periphery of the Roman Empire
Creators: name: Lee, Hyun Ji
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Rather than emphasising the effect of the Roman Empire’s trade with Africa, Arabia, and India on the Roman core itself, this thesis will focus on cities within its periphery. Previously, the Eurocentrism of Rome’s eastern trade has overshadowed the developments that these cities made. As a result, they are often studied as passive participants in Rome’s greatness and consequently, the study of such developments has been overlooked. This study will argue that as a result of the growing trade heightened by the needs of the Roman Empire, societies along the trading routes were able to develop in tandem, growing through mutual interaction and stimulation. To decentre Rome in analyses of the connectivity, as a result of trade, would recognise the communities in smaller cities and towns as active agents shaping their own role within the business. As trade intensified during the Roman period, connectivity between disparate communities fostered mutual socio-cultural interactions that have shaped the histories of the communities part of the trading network. Reinterpreting the Roman imperial experience, when considering the socio-cultural effects of trade will not only highlight the dynamic nature of culture, but also the agency of the periphery. This thesis will examine three cities in the Roman periphery: Berenike, Dura Europos, and Palmyra, in an attempt to depart from a dichotomous perspective of the Roman centre and its provinces, by situating local studies of these cities in a broader regional framework.
title: Application of mixed-effects modelling and rule-based models to explain copper variation in soil profiles of southern Germany
Creators: name: Ludwig, Bernard
name: Wölfel, Petra
name: Greenberg, Isabel
name: Piepho, Hans-Peter
name: Spörlein, Peter
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: heavy metals
subject: independent validation
subject: mixes-effects models
subject: pseudo-independent validation
subject: rule-based cubist models
subject: soil monitoring
subject: 540
subject: 550
subject: 570
subject: Deutschland
subject: Schwermetall
subject: Kupfer
subject: Gemischtes Modell
subject: Validierung
subject: Bodenchemie
subject: Bodenprofil

description: Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEAL
Reproducible Computational Environments with Binder
Creators: name: Sharan, Malvika
name: Gibson, Sarah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: About the event: The East African Network for Bioinformatics training (EANBiT), seeks to upskill students in Bioinformatics using the model: coursework, 5-week residential training and finally research project placement at partner institutions. EANBiT works with universities in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, to offer MSc in Bioinformatics. It supports curriculum development, offers MSc fellowships to students, and support placement for research. The residential training (gone online this year), has four tracks: technical, Soft skills, Seminars, and Mini projects. The seminars involve talks from leaders in various areas of genomics, including open science. About the workshop: A short workshop was delivered as a hand-on guided training on building a Binder resource using the following agenda: - 15 minutes: presentation (attached slides) to introduce The Turing Way project, the importance of reproducibility in research and the Binder tool for creating executable codes and script through a browser - 30 minutes: hands-on development of a binder ready GitHub repository using Zero-to-Binder tutorial. - 15 minutes: Troubleshooting - 10 minutes: Wrap-up and final Q&A This training took place online and a shared HackMD was used for facilitating collaboration and discussion among the participants.
Hottentots Holland, Grabouw State Forest, Koeelberg, site 3418BB/11
Creators: name: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Centre
Hottentots Holland
Grabouw State Forest

description: This is a scanned copy of a document on Hottentots Holland, Grabouw State Forest, Koeelberg, site 3418BB/11. The Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center (part of the former South African Forestry Research Institute) was established in 1935 at Jonkershoek, near Stellenbosch, under the directorship of Dr C. L. Wicht. The initial aim was to determine how forestry activities in state plantations would affect climate, water conservation and erosion, and was later expanded to include studies of fynbos ecology, fire and alien species. Studies from the 1930s to the early 1990s saw the accumulation of a large amount of data dealing with fire experiments, detailed vegetation plot surveys, rare plant surveys and ecological studies, hydrological studies and the development of management plans for catchments around the Western Cape. SAEON now houses the archive of data collected by the Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center, which was originally held by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).
Trends in Antibiotic Use by Birth Season and Birth Year
Creators: name: Mack, Christina D.
name: Daniels, Julie L.
name: Kinlaw, Alan C.
name: Lund, Jennifer L.
name: Kappelman, Michael D.
name: Sørensen, Henrik Toft
name: Stürmer, Til
name: Frøslev, Trine
name: Pedersen, Lars
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: OBJECTIVES: We examined 2 birth cohort effects on antibiotic prescribing during the first year of life (henceforth, infancy) in Denmark: (1) the birth season effect on timing and overall occurrence of antibiotic prescribing, and (2) the birth year effect amid emerging nationwide pneumococcal vaccination programs and changing prescribing guidelines.

METHODS: We linked data for all live births in Denmark from 2004 to 2012 (N = 561 729) across the National Health Service Prescription Database, Medical Birth Registry, and Civil Registration System. Across birth season and birth year cohorts, we estimated 1-year risk, rate, and burden of redeemed antibiotic prescriptions during infancy. We used interrupted time series methods to assess prescribing trends across birth year cohorts. Graphical displays of all birth cohort effect data are included.

RESULTS: The 1-year risk of having at least 1 redeemed antibiotic prescription during infancy was 39.5% (99% confidence interval [CI]: 39.3% to 39.6%). The hazard of a first prescription increased with age throughout infancy and varied by season; subsequently, Kaplan-Meier-derived risk functions varied by birth season cohort. After rollout of a first vaccination program and new antibiotic prescribing guidelines, 1-year risk decreased by 4.4% over 14 months (99% CI: 3.4% to 5.5%); it decreased again after rollout of a second vaccination program by 6.9% over 3 years (99% CI: 4.4% to 9.3%).

CONCLUSIONS: In Denmark, birth season and birth year cohort effects influenced timing and risk of antibiotic prescribing during infancy. Future studies of antibiotic stewardship, effectiveness, and safety in children should consider these cohort effects, which may render some children inherently more susceptible than others to downstream antibiotic effects.
Early life parental losses and the timing of family formation events in young adulthood
Creators: name: Saunders, Randi Elizabeth
name: 0000-0002-6072-9368
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Family formation
Transition to adulthood
Family instability
Union formation
Parenthood
First birth
Young adulthood
Social stratification

description: Demographic differences in patterns of family formation, including the timing of key family formation events such as union formation and the transition to parenthood, are well-documented. These differences reflect and contribute to cycles of inequality through their consequences for educational attainment, family stability, and labor force participation. An under-explored contributor to intergenerational transmission of inequality is differential exposure to early family losses across racial groups. Using data from a nationally representative longitudinal panel study, this paper examines how the loss of a parent prior to age 18 contributes to the timing of key family formation milestones during the transition to adulthood. Results indicate that early parental deaths are significantly associated with changes in the timing of first union formation and the transition to parenthood across racial groups, with maternal deaths strongly contributing to accelerated union formation, particularly among Black Americans.
Density count of Leucadendron pubescens, Leucadendron salignum and Paranomus at site 3219AC/12
Creators: name: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Centre
datasheet
density counts
Leucadendron pubescens
Leucadendron salignum
Paranomus

description: This is a scanned copy of a datasheet noting the density count of Leucadendron pubescens, Leucadendron salignum and Paranomus at site 3219AC/12. The Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center (part of the former South African Forestry Research Institute) was established in 1935 at Jonkershoek, near Stellenbosch, under the directorship of Dr C. L. Wicht. The initial aim was to determine how forestry activities in state plantations would affect climate, water conservation and erosion, and was later expanded to include studies of fynbos ecology, fire and alien species. Studies from the 1930s to the early 1990s saw the accumulation of a large amount of data dealing with fire experiments, detailed vegetation plot surveys, rare plant surveys and ecological studies, hydrological studies and the development of management plans for catchments around the Western Cape. SAEON now houses the archive of data collected by the Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center, which was originally held by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).
Outcomes of Adult Patients with Small Body Size Supported with a Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device
Creators: name: Sundareswaran, Kartik S.
name: Farrar, David J.
name: Lee, Sangjin
name: Moazami, Nader
name: Jorde, Ulrich P.
name: Katz, Jason N.
name: Frazier,
name: John, Ranjit
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: There is insufficient data on patients with small body size to determine if this should be considered a risk factor for continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) support. We sought to evaluate survival outcomes, adverse events, and functional status of CF-LVAD patients with body surface area (BSA) <1.5 m2 in a large national registry. Adults with BSA < 1.5 m2 (n = 128) implanted with a HeartMate II (HMII)-LVAD from the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support registry from April 2008 to December 2012 formed this cohort. Outcomes were compared with HMII bridge to transplant (BTT) and destination therapy (DT) post approval studies. The majority of patients were female (n = 106, 83%). A total of 64% (n = 82) were implanted for BTT and 36% (n = 46) for DT. The median BSA (range) was 1.44 (1.19–1.49) and 1.45 (1.25–1.49) m2 for BTT and DT, respectively. Overall survival 1 year post implant was 81% ± 5% for BTT and 84% ± 6% for DT. The most common adverse events for BTT and DT patients were bleeding (0.91, 0.88 events/patient year) and driveline infection (16%, 0.28 events/patient year). Six months post implantation, 87% of BTT and 77% of DT patients were New York Heart Association functional class I or II. Post implant survival, functional status improvement, and adverse event profile for adult BTT and DT HMII patients with BSA < 1.5 m2 are favorable and comparable with outcomes published in the overall patient population.