cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Migdal effect and photon Bremsstrahlung: improving the sensitivity to light dark matter of liquid argon experiments
Creators: name: di Cortona, Giovanni Grilli
name: Messina, Andrea
name: Piacentini, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search for dark matter weakly interacting massive particles with noble liquids has probed masses down and below a GeV/c^2. The ultimate limit is represented by the experimental threshold on the energy transfer to the nuclear recoil. Currently, the experimental sensitivity has reached a threshold equivalent to a few ionization electrons. In these conditions, the contribution of a Bremsstrahlung photon or a so-called Migdal electron due to the sudden acceleration of a nucleus after a collision might be sizable. In the present work, we use a Bayesian approach to study how these effects can be exploited in experiments based on liquid argon detectors. In particular, taking inspiration from the DarkSide-50 public spectra, we develop a simulated experiment to show how the Migdal electron and the Bremsstrahlung photon allow to push the experimental sensitivity down to masses of 0.1 GeV/c^2, extending the search region for dark matter particles of previous results. For these masses we estimate the effect of the Earth shielding that, for strongly interacting dark matter, makes any detector blind. Finally, we show how the sensitivity scales for higher exposure.
description: 30 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables
Do the technical indicators reward chartists? A study on the stock markets of China, Hong Kong and Taiwan
Creators: name: Wong, Wing-Keung
name: Du, Jun
name: Chong, Terence Tai-Leung
name: Wong, Wing-Keung
name: Du, Jun
name: Chong, Terence Tai-Leung
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Technical analysis
subject: Moving Average
subject: buy-and-hold strategy

description: This paper studies the profitability of applying technical analysis that signals the entry and exit from the stock market in three Chinese stock markets - the Shanghai, Hong Kong and Taiwan Stock Exchanges. The Simple Moving Average (MA) and its extensions, Exponential MA, Dual MA, Triple MA, MACD and TRIX for both long and short strategies are examined. Applying the trading signals generated by the MA family to the Greater China markets, significantly positive returns are generated, which outperform the buy-and-hold strategy. The cumulative wealth obtained also surpasses that of the buy-and-hold strategy regardless of transaction costs. In addition, we study the performance of the MA family before and after the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis and find that the MA family works well in both sub-periods and in different market conditions of bull runs, bear markets and mixed markets. That technical analysis can forecast the directions of these markets implies that the three China stock markets are not efficient.
Super-Eddington black hole accretion: Polish doughnuts and slim disks
Creators: name: Abramowicz, Marek A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theory of highly super-Eddington black hole accretion was developed in the 1980s in Warsaw by Paczynski and his collaborators in terms of "Polish doughnuts", i.e. low viscosity, rotating accretion flows that are optically thick, radiation pressure supported, cooled by advection, and radiatively very inefficient. Polish doughnuts resemble fat tori with two narrow funnels along rotation axis. The funnels collimate radiation into beams with highly super-Eddington luminosities. "Slim disks" introduced later by Abramowicz, Lasota and collaborators, have only moderately super-Eddington accretion rates, rather disk-like shapes, and almost thermal spectra.
description: Invited lecture at the conference "Growing Black Holes: Accretion in a Cosmological Context" (Garching, Germany, 21-25 June 2004) In print: "Growing Black Holes", Eds. A. Merloni, S. Nayakshin and R. Sunyaev, "ESO Astrophysics Symposia Series", Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2004
Dynamic Comparative Advantage: Implications for China
Creators: name: Lim, Steven
name: Feng, Gary
name: Lim, Steven
name: Feng, Gary
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Flying Geese model
subject: comparative advantage
subject: China

description: Over the last two decades the structure of the Chinese economy has transformed rapidly. The transformation has had a significant impact on other economies, particularly as Chinese exports maintain their global ascendance. The economic threats and opportunities posed by China will continue to change over time. Yet very little research has been conducted on the economic forces that spur the transformation of China’s economic structure. We present a model of the forces underpinning China’s evolving economy, investigating the determinants of China’s progression through key economic stages, including the initial transition from agriculture to manufacturing. To highlight the speed of structural transformation we analyze data from 1985-2003. Our forecasts suggest that while China currently has a comparative advantage in labor-intensive manufacturing, comparative advantage is likely to shift to capital-intensive industry early in the next decade.
Effect of Plasticizer Percentage on Thermal Properties of Plasticised PVC
Creators: name: I.Al-Mosawi, Ali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Additive Manufacturing

description: The effect of DOP plasticizer percentage on limiting oxygen index and thermal stability of plasticised PVC was investigated in this paper. DOP was added PVC with various quantities (20, 30, and 50) pphr. LOI and thermal stability instruments used for estimating LOI and thermal stability of plasticised PVC as a function to DOP percentage. The results showed that the thermal stability of plasticised PVC was improved by increasing DOP percentage, but in the same time has a reverse behavior where the LOI decreases as the DOP percentage increases.
tf-Darshan: Understanding Fine-grained I/O Performance in Machine Learning Workloads
Creators: name: Chien, Steven W. D.
name: Podobas, Artur
name: Peng, Ivy B.
name: Markidis, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine Learning applications on HPC systems have been gaining popularity in recent years. The upcoming large scale systems will offer tremendous parallelism for training through GPUs. However, another heavy aspect of Machine Learning is I/O, and this can potentially be a performance bottleneck. TensorFlow, one of the most popular Deep-Learning platforms, now offers a new profiler interface and allows instrumentation of TensorFlow operations. However, the current profiler only enables analysis at the TensorFlow platform level and does not provide system-level information. In this paper, we extend TensorFlow Profiler and introduce tf-Darshan, both a profiler and tracer, that performs instrumentation through Darshan. We use the same Darshan shared instrumentation library and implement a runtime attachment without using a system preload. We can extract Darshan profiling data structures during TensorFlow execution to enable analysis through the TensorFlow profiler. We visualize the performance results through TensorBoard, the web-based TensorFlow visualization tool. At the same time, we do not alter Darshan's existing implementation. We illustrate tf-Darshan by performing two case studies on ImageNet image and Malware classification. We show that by guiding optimization using data from tf-Darshan, we increase POSIX I/O bandwidth by up to 19% by selecting data for staging on fast tier storage. We also show that Darshan has the potential of being used as a runtime library for profiling and providing information for future optimization.
description: Accepted for publication at the 2020 International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER 2020)
Numerical Study of the Ghost-Ghost-Gluon Vertex on the Lattice
Creators: name: Mihara, A.
name: Cucchieri, A.
name: Mendes, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that, in Landau gauge, the renormalization function of the ghost-ghost-gluon vertex \widetilde{Z}_1(p^2) is finite and constant, at least to all orders of perturbation theory. On the other hand, a direct non-perturbative verification of this result using numerical simulations of lattice QCD is still missing. Here we present a preliminary numerical study of the ghost-ghost-gluon vertex and of its corresponding renormalization function using Monte Carlo simulations in SU(2) lattice Landau gauge. Data were obtained in 4 dimensions for lattice couplings beta = 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 and lattice sides N = 4, 8, 16.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure, presented by A. Mihara at the IX Hadron Physics and VII Relativistic Aspects of Nuclear Physics Workshops, Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (March 28--April 3, 2004)
Mathematical aspects of the cold plasma model
Creators: name: Otway, Thomas H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82D10, 35M10, 35D05

description: A simple model for electromagnetic wave propagation through zero-temperature plasma is analyzed. Many of the complexities of the plasma state are present even under these idealized conditions, and a number of mathematical difficulties emerge. In particular, boundary value problems formulated on the basis of conventional electromagnetic theory turn out to be ill-posed in this context. However, conditions may be prescribed under which solutions to the Dirichlet problem exist in an appropriately weak sense. In addition to its physical interest, analysis of the cold plasma model illuminates generic difficulties in formulating and solving boundary value problems for mixed elliptic-hyperbolic partial differential equations.
description: Expository review, 30 pages
Global Coffee Import Demand in a New Era: Implications for Developing Countries
Creators: name: Feleke, Shiferaw T.
name: Walters, Lurleen M.
name: Feleke, Shiferaw T.
name: Walters, Lurleen M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Coffee
subject: import
subject: marketing strategies

description: With coffee prices at their lowest in a century, producing countries, which are mostly developing countries, are facing the worst crisis in history. The International Coffee Organization (ICO) acknowledges that poverty and unemployment are growing so rapidly that the consequences would be dire if nothing is done to halt the decline. This study draws welfare implications for producing countries based on import demand analysis for coffee in the three largest importers – the United States, European Union, and Japan. A differential production approach is employed. Results imply that coffee-producing countries will continue to be worse off with the expansion of exports. Hence, we suggest that they attempt new marketing strategies that include consistent provision of higher quality coffees, differentiation with value-adding activities, and campaigns to boost domestic consumption. Producer organizations must be strengthened to provide essential services to farmers. Diversification and increased access to industrialized markets could also help to mitigate the crisis.
A Claim of Mind and Will versus Ryle’s Logical Behaviorism
Creators: name: Morandin-Ahuerma, Fabio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 220314 Philosophy of Mind (excl. Cognition)
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: This article describes four arguments presented Gilbert Ryle in his book The Concept of Mind to argue that the concept of “mind” is a product of the false belief that there is a ghost in the machine, and this ambiguity is analyzed, it causes words as “will” take meaning in ordinary language. Besides the analysis of the arguments, we offer an answer to each of them and, finally, the idea that mind and will form part of the body and have an ontological support, although not possessing a separate existence from the same holding.
The Determinants of the Very Highest Income Shares: The Case of France
Creators: name: DiPietro, William R.
name: Anoruo, Emmanuel
name: Sawhney, Bansi
name: DiPietro, William R.
name: Anoruo, Emmanuel
name: Sawhney, Bansi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Income inequality
subject: interest rate
subject: unemployment rate
subject: France
subject: Fully modified OLS

description: Since the highest income groups have tremendous influence over economic policy by virtue of money, position, and connection, it is important to identify the interest of these groups with regard to economic conditions. Recently, annual time series data on the shares of the very highest income groups have become available for the French economy. Using this new high-income share data for France, this paper examines the potential relationship between the income shares of the very highest income groups and four macroeconomic variables including the inflation rate, the interest rate, the unemployment rate, and the extent of trade. To be specific, this paper investigates the extent to which the four macroeconomic variables affect the highest income shares. The results indicate that the inflation rate, the interest rate, the unemployment rate, and the extent of trade are important determinants of the top most income shares in France.
Insular glioma transopercular approach supplementary material.docx
Creators: name: Biswas, Chandrima
name: Moiyadi, Aliasgar
name: Shetty, Prakash
name: sahu, arpita
name: velayutham, parthiban
name: Singh, Vikas Kumar
name: shah, kanchi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 420399
subject: Health services and systems not elsewhere classified

description: Surgical resection of insular gliomas (IG) is a challenge. Transopercular route for resection of insular gliomas is considered more versatile with less risk of vascular damage. In this study, we aim to understand the factors that affect the resection rates, ischemic changes and neurological outcomes, and study the utility of intraoperative neuro-physiological monitoring in patients undergoing transopercular resection of insular glioma. Sixty six patients underwent surgery for IG with radical resection possible in 39% of cases. Involvement of zone II and absence of contrast enhancement in the tumor predicted a lower resection rate. Persistent deficit rate was 10.9%. Though dominant lobe tumors increased immediate deficit rates, and involvement of fronto-orbital operculum reduced prolonged deficit rate, no tumor related factor correlated with persistent deficits. 45% patients developed a postoperative infarct, 53% of them developing deficits. The most affected territory was lenticulostriate vessels (39%). MEPs were used in 57 cases and changes were observed in 9 cases. 67% of stable transcranial MEP and 74.5% of stable strip MEP did not develop postoperative deficit. 25% of patients with reversible strip MEP changes and 50% of patients with reversible Tc MEP changes had a persistent motor deficit. DWI changes were clinically more relevant when accompanied by MEP changes intraoperatively, with persistent deficit rates being three times higher (28.5% vs 9.5%) when MEP changes occurred than when MEPs were stable. In conclusion, though gross total resections are difficult, radical resections can be achieved in large, multi-zone IGs, with acceptable outcomes using a transopercular approach and multimodal intraoperative strategy with IONM
The Effect of Protection and Exchange Rate Policies on Agricultural Trade: Implications for Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico
Creators: name: Krissoff, Barry
name: Ballenger, Nicole
name: Krissoff, Barry
name: Ballenger, Nicole
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: trade liberalization
subject: protection
subject: exchange rates
subject: simulation model
subject: Argentina. Brazil
subject: Mexico

description: The impacts of reducing both agricultural and nonagricultural protection on the agricultural sector are assessed with emphasis placed on Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. By modeling simultaneously all goods sectors of the economy in a multi-country framework, we evaluate the importance of (1) the relative rates of protection between sectors and (2) exchange rate adjustments that follow trade liberalization in a world of floating rates. We find substantial improvements in net agricultural trade for Argentina and Brazil, particularly following a multilateral trade and exchange rate liberalization. Additionally, the value of gross domestic product improves for all three countries following multilateral liberalization suggesting that these countries experience gains in standard of living from lower world protection.
Neuropsychological characterization of cognitively-impaired-not-demented individuals
Creators: name: Peters, Kevin Ross
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The focus of this dissertation was on Cognitively-Impaired-Not-Demented (CIND) individuals. CLND is a diagnostic label applied to individuals who present with cognitive impairment but do not meet formal criteria for dementia (Ebly, Hogan, & Parhad, 1995). The purpose of this research was to determine whether the cognitive heterogeneity of CIND could account for the prognostic heterogeneity of this condition. This dissertation is divided into two sections. The primary objective of the first section was to characterize the neuropsychological test performance of a large sample of clinic-referred CIND participants. Participants classified as Not-Cognitively-Impaired (NCI; n = 68) differed from CIND individuals (n = 205) on a number of demographic, clinical, and neuropsychological variables. Measures of learning and memory, visuoconstruction abilities, and cognitive flexibility provided the best discrimination between NCI and CIND participants. Clinical comparison data were generated for various demographically defined groups of CIND participants. The results supported the impression that CIND is a cognitively heterogeneous population. The primary objectives of the second section of this dissertation were, first, to determine whether subgroups of CIND individuals with distinct neuropsychological profiles exist in two independent samples, and second, to determine whether subgroup membership was related to diagnostic outcome over periods of 2 to 5 years. A series of cluster analyses was performed on ipsative factor z-scores derived from principal component analyses. Five subgroups were identified in the Base Sample (n = 461): Verbal Dysfunction, Verbal/Visuospatial Dysfunction, Memory/Verbal Dysfunction, Memory Dysfunction, and Visuospatial Dysfunction. This 5-cluster solution was replicated in an independent sample of CIND individuals (n = 166). The highest rates of conversion to dementia were observed in the Memory Dysfunction and Memory/Verbal Dysfunction subgroups. The Verbal Dysfunction subgroup was most likely to show improvement in cognitive status. The results suggest that CIND is a syndrome of conditions rather than a single population at risk for converting to dementia. This observation has implications for the diagnosis and treatment of CIND individuals. A deeper understanding of the cognitive heterogeneity of CIND will facilitate research to identify individuals who will and will not progress to dementia.
Sub-semigroups determined by the zero-divisor graph
Creators: name: Wu, Tongsuo
name: Lu, Dancheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we study sub-semigroups of a zero-divisor semigroup $S$ determined by properties of the zero-divisor graph $Γ(S)$. We use these sub-semigroups to study the correspondence between zero- divisor semigroups and zero-divisor graphs. We study properties of sub- semigroups of Boolean semigroups via the zero-divisor graph. As an application, we provide a characterization of the graphs which are zero- divisor graphs of Boolean rings.
description: 14 pages
Experimental setup for the production of ultracold strongly correlated fermionic superfluids of $^{6}$Li
Creators: name: Hernández-Rajkov, D.
name: Padilla-Castillo, J. E.
name: Mendoza-López, M.
name: Colín-Rodríguez, R.
name: Gutiérrez-Valdés, A.
name: Morales-Ramírez, S. A.
name: Gutiérrez-Arenas, R. A.
name: Gardea-Flores, C. A.
name: Roati, G.
name: Jáuregui-Renaud, R.
name: Poveda-Cuevas, F. J.
name: Seman, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present our experimental setup to produce ultracold strongly correlated fermionic superfluids made of a two-component spin-mixture of $^6$Li atoms. Employing standard cooling techniques, we achieve quantum degeneracy in a single-beam optical dipole trap. Our setup is capable of generating spin-balanced samples at temperatures as low as $T/T_F = 0.1$ containing up to $5 \times 10^4$ atomic pairs. We can access different superfluid regimes by tuning the interparticle interactions close to a broad magnetic Feshbach resonance. In particular, we are able to explore the crossover from the molecular Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superfluid regimes.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures
The Linear Boltzmann Equation as the Low Density Limit of a Random Schrodinger Equation
Creators: name: Eng, David
name: Erdos, Laszlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Q1; 81S30

description: We study the evolution of a quantum particle interacting with a random potential in the low density limit (Boltzmann-Grad). The phase space density of the quantum evolution defined through the Husimi function converges weakly to a linear Boltzmann equation with collision kernel given by the full quantum scattering cross section.
description: 74 pages, 4 figures, (Final version -- typos corrected)
ACRE in the U.S. Farm Bill and the WTO
Creators: name: Zulauf, Carl R.
name: Orden, David
name: Zulauf, Carl R.
name: Orden, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Farm Policy
subject: Food Conservation and Energy Act of 2008
subject: Average Crop Revenue Election Program (ACRE)
subject: WTO Domestic Support Commitments

description: Two counterfactual analyses investigate the new ACRE program. Had ACRE existed instead of the programs authorized during 1996-2006 for corn, soybeans, and wheat, farm program spending would have totaled less. Estimated ACRE revenue payments increase 78 percent when calculated by applying the annual 1996-2006 percentage variations to USDA forecast average 2009-2012 acres, prices, and yields. Traditional marketing loan and counter-cyclical payments are estimated near zero. Policy design issues concern the merit of revenue versus price protection, fixed support targets versus support adjusting with lagged market revenue, and the economic dislocation and WTO compliance from alternative policy instruments.
Cotton Production in Uganda: Would GM technologies be the Solution?
Creators: name: Horna, J. Daniela
name: Kyotalimye, Miriam
name: Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin
name: Horna, J. Daniela
name: Kyotalimye, Miriam
name: Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Stochastic budget analysis
subject: GM cotton
subject: Organic cotton

description: The government of Uganda is currently testing the performance of genetically modified (GM) cotton varieties. Cotton is cultivated in Uganda for two main reasons: 1) agro-ecological conditions favor cotton cultivation, and 2) there is a long tradition of cotton cultivation in the country. Two main research questions are addressed in this study: a) would the adoption of genetically modified (GM) cotton benefit Ugandan farmers? b) Would the use of GM seed be more profitable than the low input traditional system or than the organic production system? Stochastic budget analysis is used to address these questions. The results show that estimated values of cotton profitability do not seem to justify the investment in a complex technology. The question then is how transferable is GM technology and how easily can it be adopted by Ugandan farmers. The vertical integration of the chain could facilitate the dissemination of the technology, but availability of seed and inputs of good quality and appropriate extension support have to be guaranteed.
An integrable structure related with tridiagonal algebras
Creators: name: Baseilhac, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The standard generators of tridiagonal algebras, recently introduced by Terwilliger, are shown to generate a new (in)finite family of mutually commuting operators which extends the Dolan-Grady construction. The involution property relies on the tridiagonal algebraic structure associated with a deformation parameter $q$. Representations are shown to be generated from a class of quadratic algebras, namely the reflection equations. The spectral problem is briefly discussed. Finally, related massive quantum integrable models are shown to be superintegrable.
description: 11 pages; LaTeX file with amssymb; ; v2: typos corrected, one reference added, to appear in Nucl. Phys. B
On-the-fly Closed-loop Autonomous Materials Discovery via Bayesian Active Learning
Creators: name: Kusne, A. Gilad
name: Yu, Heshan
name: Wu, Changming
name: Zhang, Huairuo
name: Hattrick-Simpers, Jason
name: DeCost, Brian
name: Sarker, Suchismita
name: Oses, Corey
name: Toher, Cormac
name: Curtarolo, Stefano
name: Davydov, Albert V.
name: Agarwal, Ritesh
name: Bendersky, Leonid A.
name: Li, Mo
name: Mehta, Apurva
name: Takeuchi, Ichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Active learning - the field of machine learning (ML) dedicated to optimal experiment design, has played a part in science as far back as the 18th century when Laplace used it to guide his discovery of celestial mechanics [1]. In this work we focus a closed-loop, active learning-driven autonomous system on another major challenge, the discovery of advanced materials against the exceedingly complex synthesis-processes-structure-property landscape. We demonstrate autonomous research methodology (i.e. autonomous hypothesis definition and evaluation) that can place complex, advanced materials in reach, allowing scientists to fail smarter, learn faster, and spend less resources in their studies, while simultaneously improving trust in scientific results and machine learning tools. Additionally, this robot science enables science-over-the-network, reducing the economic impact of scientists being physically separated from their labs. We used the real-time closed-loop, autonomous system for materials exploration and optimization (CAMEO) at the synchrotron beamline to accelerate the fundamentally interconnected tasks of rapid phase mapping and property optimization, with each cycle taking seconds to minutes, resulting in the discovery of a novel epitaxial nanocomposite phase-change memory material.
description: 30 pages and 13 figures in PDF including Methods section
Spin-glass chain in a magnetic field : influence of the disorder distribution on ground state properties and low-energy excitations
Creators: name: Monthus, Cecile
name: Garel, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the spin-glass chain in an external field $h$, a non-zero weight at the origin of the bond distribution $ρ(J)$ is known to induce a non-analytical magnetization at zero temperature : for $ρ(J) \sim A | J |^{μ-1}$ near $J \to 0$, the magnetization follows the Chen-Ma scaling $M \sim h^{μ/(2+μ)}$. In this paper, we numerically revisit this model to obtain detailed statistical information on the ground state configuration and on the low-energy two-level excitations that govern the low temperature properties. The ground state consists of long unfrustrated intervals separated by weak frustrated bonds: We accordingly compute the strength distribution of these frustrated bonds, as well as the length- and magnetization- distributions of the unfrustrated intervals. We find that the low-energy excitations are of two types (i) one frustrated bond of the ground state may have two positions that are nearly degenerate in energy (ii) two neighboring frustrated bonds of the ground state may be annihilated or created with nearly zero energy cost. For each excitation type, we compute its probability density as a function of its length. We moreover show that the contributions of these excitations to various observables (specific heat, Edwards-Anderson order parameter, susceptibility) are in full agreement with direct transfer matrix evaluations at low temperature. Finally, following the special bimodal case $\pm J$, where a Ma-Dasgupta RG procedure has been previously used to compute explicitly the above observables, we discuss the possibility of an extended RG procedure : we find that the ground state can be seen as the result of a hierarchical `fragmentation' procedure that we describe.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
2008 Michigan Dairy Industry Survey
Creators: name: Bitsch, Vera
name: Bitsch, Vera
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: dairy farmers
subject: dairy industry
subject: extension evaluation
subject: information sources
subject: internet use
subject: survey questionnaire

description: The Michigan State University (MSU) Dairy Team conducted an industry survey with the objectives of identifying and rating industry priorities. After holding discussion groups across the state, two questionnaires were developed and sent to 2,237 dairy farm owners and operators and 480 allied industry professionals in the state; 23.4% of the dairy farmers and 28.1% of the allied industry professionals returned questionnaires with useable data. This report summarizes respondents’ ratings of industry issues, as well as education and knowledge needs. In addition, educational preferences, management practices, Internet use and access, demographic information, and farm characteristics are outlined.
The Structures of Zero-divisor Semigroups with Graph Kn + 1
Creators: name: Wu, Tongsuo
name: Cheng, Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we determine the structures of zero-divisor semigroups whose graph is $K_n + 1$, the complete graph $K_n$ together with an end vertex. We also present a formula to calculate the number of non-isomorphic zero-divisor semigroups corresponding to the complete graph $K_n$, for all positive integer $n$.
description: 10 pages
Development of low-temperature catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3: Review
Creators: name: Vuong, Thanh Huyen
name: Doan, Anh Tuan
name: Pham, Thanh Huyen
name: Brückner, Angelika
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30601 Catalysis and Mechanisms of Reactions
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides by ammonia over V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts is one of the most popular techniques to control NOx emission from combustion processes which, however, operates only in a rather high and narrow temperature range of 300-500°C. The temperature of other NOx sources such as diesel or lean-burn gasoline engines is much lower. Therefore, development and optimization of catalysts being highly active and selective for NH3-SCR of NOx already at temperatures well below 300°C is highly desirable. In recent years, significant efforts have been dedicated to developing de-NOx catalysts for both stationary sources and diesel engines working at low temperatures. Among various SCR catalysts, Mn-based catalysts obtained the highest low-temperature activity. However, their low SO2 and H2O resistance, and preference for N2O formation limited these catalysts for industrial applications. V2O5 supported on different materials still have attracted much attention due to high SCR activity and SO2 tolerance at low temperatures. Recently, Cu-containing small pore zeolites with a CHA or AEI structure, such as Cu-SSZ-13, Cu-SAPO-34, and Cu-SSZ-39, Cu-SAPO-18, respectively, exhibited high low-temperature activity and high-temperature excellent hydrothermal stability, and thus received much attention for applications on diesel vehicles. In this review, we will focus on the development of different catalysts for low-temperature NH3-SCR of NOx.
The Completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: BAO and RSD measurements from anisotropic clustering analysis of the Quasar Sample in configuration space between redshift 0.8 and 2.2
Creators: name: Hou, Jiamin
name: Sánchez, Ariel G.
name: Ross, Ashley J.
name: Smith, Alex
name: Neveux, Richard
name: Bautista, Julian
name: Burtin, Etienne
name: Zhao, Cheng
name: Scoccimarro, Román
name: Dawson, Kyle S.
name: de Mattia, Arnaud
name: de la Macorra, Axel
name: Bourboux, Hélion du Mas des
name: Eisenstein, Daniel J.
name: Gil-Marín, Héctor
name: Lyke, Brad W.
name: Mohammad, Faizan G.
name: Mueller, Eva-Maria
name: Percival, Will J.
name: Magaña, Mariana Vargas
name: Rossi, Graziano
name: Zarrouk, Pauline
name: Zhao, Gong-Bo
name: Brinkmann, Jonathan
name: Brownstein, Joel R.
name: Chuang, Chia-Hsun
name: Myers, Adam D.
name: Newman, Jeffrey A.
name: Schneider, Donald P.
name: Vivek, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the anisotropic clustering of the quasar sample from Data Release 16 (DR16) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS). A sample of $343,708$ spectroscopically confirmed quasars between redshift $0.8
description: 21 pages, 16 figures, matches version accepted by MNRAS
The impacts of mobile phone coverage expansion and personal networks on migration: evidence from Uganda
Creators: name: Muto, Megumi
name: Muto, Megumi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: International Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Africa
subject: Networks
subject: Information
subject: Migrants

description: Personal networks can help rural workers find urban jobs. Moreover, when the information flow increases due to the mobile phone coverage expansion, the new information flow may strengthen the existing personal networks or bypass them, helping those who were previously outside the networks in the latter case. We examine the combined impact of mobile phone coverage expansion and personal networks by using panel data of 856 households in 94 communities in rural Uganda, where the number of communities covered by mobile phone coverage increased from 41 to 87 communities over a two-year period between first and second surveys in 2003 and 2005, respectively. We first find that, when the household head’s ethnicity belongs to a larger ethnic group in Kampala, an individual’s chance of leaving his or her rural village to find a job increases while controlling for the distance from Kampala and other variables. The mobile phone network expansion increases the chance of choosing migration to find a job, and this impact is larger for individuals who belong to a larger ethnic group in Kampala. These findings suggest that mobile phone coverage strengthens the existing majority ethnic network with regard to the decision to migrate to find a job.
Infrared Echelle Spectroscopy of Palomar6 and M71
Creators: name: Lee, Jae-Woo
name: Carney, Bruce W.
name: Balachandran, Suchitra C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high-resolution infrared echelle spectroscopy for the globular clusters Palomar 6 and M71. Our mean heliocentric radial velocity of Palomar 6 is +180.6 +/- 3.2 km sec/s and is 20 km/s lower than that found by Minniti in 1995. Contrary to the previous metallicity estimates using low-resolution spectroscopy, our results show that Palomar~6 has an intermediate metallicity with [Fe/H] = -1.0 +/- 0.1 and is slightly more metal-poor than M71. Reasonable changes in the surface temperature or the microturbulent velocity of the model atmospheres do not affect [Fe/H] at more than +/- 0.2 dex. In spite of its high metallicity, based on the spectrum of a single cluster member the [Si/Fe] and [Ti/Fe] ratios of Palomar~6 appear to be enhanced by 0.4 dex and 0.5 dex, respectively, suggesting that the Galactic inner halo may have experienced a very rapid chemical enrichment history.
description: Accepted for publication in AJ (Nov. 2004)
Dynamo models and differential rotation in late-type rapidly rotating stars
Creators: name: Covas, E.
name: Moss, D.
name: Tavakol, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Increasing evidence is becoming available about not only the surface differential rotation of rapidly rotating cool stars but, in a small number of cases, also about temporal variations, which possibly are analogous to the solar torsional oscillations. Given the present difficulties in resolving the precise nature of such variations, due to both the short length and poor resolution of the available data, theoretical input is vital to help assess the modes of behaviour that might be expected, and will facilitate interpretation of the observations. Here we take a first step in this direction by studying the variations in the convection zones of such stars, using a two dimensional axisymmetric mean field dynamo model operating in a spherical shell in which the only nonlinearity is the action of the azimuthal component of the Lorentz force of the dynamo generated magnetic field on the stellar angular velocity. We consider three families of models with different depths of dynamo-active regions. For moderately supercritical dynamo numbers we find torsional oscillations that penetrate all the way down to the bottom of the convection zones, similar to the case of the Sun. For larger dynamo numbers we find fragmentation in some cases and sometimes there are other dynamical modes of behaviour, including quasi-periodicity and chaos. We find that the largest deviations in the angular velocity distribution caused by the Lorentz force are of the order of few percent, implying that the original assumed `background' rotation field is not strongly distorted.
description: Astronomy and Astrophysics, in press
Evaluating the Impact of Land Tenure and Titling on Access to Credit in Uganda
Creators: name: Petracco, Carly K.
name: Pender, John L.
name: Petracco, Carly K.
name: Pender, John L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Uganda
subject: land tenure
subject: land titling
subject: rural credit

description: Increasing smallholder farmers’ access to credit is a paramount concern in Africa in general and in Uganda in particular, as a means to help modernize agriculture. We use matching impact evaluation methods to assess four pair-wise comparisons: i) households who have freehold land with vs. without a title, ii) households who have customary land with vs. without a customary certificate, iii) households with a title or certificate having freehold vs. customary tenure, and iv) households without a title or certificate having freehold vs. customary tenure. Each comparison is then evaluated for the impact on access to any form of credit, formal credit and informal credit. Two matching methods were used and the results compared to test the robustness of the conclusions. The only statistically significant finding is a positive impact on access to credit of households with freehold without title over customary holders without a certificate. The results imply that tenure rights, rather than title to those rights, affect credit access for rural households in Uganda. The fact that access to informal credit is increased by freehold tenure status, even without a title, suggests that informal lenders use the tenure status as a screening device, rather than as recoverable collateral.
An NMR-compatible microfluidic platform enabling in situ electrochemistry
Creators: name: Davoodi, Hossein
name: Nordin, Nurdiana
name: Bordonali, Lorenzo
name: Korvink, Jan G.
name: MacKinnon, Neil
name: Badilita, Vlad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combining microfluidic devices with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has the potential of unlocking their vast sample handling and processing operation space for use with the powerful analytics provided by NMR. One particularly challenging class of integrated functional elements from the perspective of NMR are conductive structures. Metallic electrodes could be used for electrochemical sample interaction for example, yet they can cause severe NMR spectral degradation. In this study, a combination of simulation and experimental validation was used to identify an electrode geometry that, in terms of NMR spectral parameters, performs as well as for the case when no electrodes are present. By placing the metal tracks in the side-walls of a microfluidic channel, we found that NMR RF excitation performance was actually enhanced, without compromising $B_0$ homogeneity. Monitoring in situ deposition of chitosan in the microfluidic platform is presented as a proof-of-concept demonstration of NMR characterisation of an electrochemical process.
Stellar disks and halos of the edge-on spiral galaxies: NGC 891, NGC 4144 and NGC 4244
Creators: name: Tikhonov, N. A.
name: Galazutdinova, O. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results of the stellar photometry of the images ACS/WFC and WFPC2 of the HST are used to study stellar population and spatial distribution of stars in three edge-on galaxies: NGC 891, NGC 4144 and NGC 4244. The measuring of the number density of the old stars revealed two stellar substructures in these galaxies: thick disk and halo. The borders of these substructures consisting mainly of red giants, are determined by the change of number density gradient of the old stars. The revealed halos have flattened shapes and extend up to 25 kpc from the galaxy planes. The obtained results of number density distributions of different type stars perpendicular to the galaxy planes allow us to verify our stellar model of spiral galaxies. Using the determination of the tip of red giant branch (TRGB method) we have derived the following distances: D = 9.82 Mpc (NGC 891), D = 7.24 Mpc (NGC 4144), D = 4.29 Mpc (NGC 4244).
description: 18 pages, 9 figures. accepted to Astrofizica
Why market institutions disfavor smallholder farmers’ compliance with international food safety standards: Evidence from Kenya, Zambia and Ethiopia
Creators: name: Okello, Julius Juma
name: Narrod, Clare A.
name: Roy, Devesh
name: Okello, Julius Juma
name: Narrod, Clare A.
name: Roy, Devesh
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: International Development
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Smallholder farmers
subject: international food safety standards
subject: critical control points
subject: exclusion
subject: green beans
subject: Africa

description: This paper examines the high value chains (HVC) for green bean exports from Africa to identify the critical points at which exporters exercise great caution in preventing produce contamination with pathogens and pesticide residues. It then examines the control points that pose greatest threat to continued participation of smallholder farmers in the HVC and discusses the strategies African countries have used to maintain smallholder farmers in the green bean HVC. The paper identifies six critical control points. Among these, smallholders are most threatened with exclusion from HVC at two control points. At those points the farmer must make costly lumpy investments to meet the standards. To overcome the likelihood of smallholders being excluded from HVC at these points study countries have used non market institutions namely collective action and public-private partnerships. These findings imply that the market itself could adopt solutions that exclude smallholder farmers at these most challenging critical control points.
Rational Galaxy Structure and its Disturbance
Creators: name: He, Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Why is there little dust in elliptical galaxies? Firstly, the universe is rational and the rationality is the proportional density distribution in any independent galaxy. Proportion means that the density distribution of stars is orderly. For example, there are four giants standing in array. Their heights are A, B, C, D, respectively, and A, B stand in the first row from left to right, C, D in the second row from left to right. Proportion requires that A divided by C be equal to B divided by D. Rational structures are smooth 2- (or 3-) dimensional structures, which are either circularly (spherically) symmetric with respect to the center point, or bilaterally symmetric. Secondly, spiral galaxy arms are linearly shaped, which are neither circularly symmetric nor bilaterally symmetric. Therefore, arms are not rational structures. Arm patterns exist only in spiral galaxies and they are weak compared with the main disk structure. Therefore, the presence of arm structure is the disturbance to the rational structure. Because arm patterns exist only in spiral galaxies and only spiral galaxies present dust, I come to the critical answer to the above question: any disturbance to rational structure produces cosmic dust. From now on we call the disturbance to rational structure the cosmic impulse. Therefore, the universe is originated not only rationally but also impulsively.
description: "Conclusion" Section added; 6 Figures, totally 24 pages