cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Contaminant-Free Catalogue of Gaia DR2-WISE Galactic Plane Matches: Including the Effects of Crowding in the Cross-Matching of Photometric Catalogues
Creators: name: Wilson, Tom J
name: Naylor, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Faint, hidden contaminants in the point-spread functions (PSFs) of stars cause shifts to their measured positions. Wilson & Naylor (2017) showed failing to account for these shifts can lead to a drastic decrease in the number of returned catalogue matches in crowded fields. Here we highlight the effect these perturbations have on cross-matching, for matches between Gaia DR2 and WISE stars in a crowded Galactic plane region. Applying the uncertainties as quoted to Gaussian-based astrometric uncertainty functions (AUFs) can lead, in dense Galactic fields, to only matching 55% of the counterparts. We describe the construction of empirical descriptions for AUFs, building on the cross-matching method of Wilson & Naylor (2018), utilising the magnitudes of both catalogues to discriminate between true and false counterparts. We apply the improved cross-matching method to the Galactic plane |b| < 10. We provide the most likely counterpart matches and their respective probabilities. We also analyse several cases to verify the robustness of the results, highlighting some important caveats and considerations. Finally, we discuss the effect PSF resolution has by comparing the intra-catalogue nearest neighbour separation distributions of a sample of likely contaminated WISE objects and their corresponding Spitzer counterpart. We show that some WISE contaminants are resolved in Spitzer, with smaller intra-catalogue separations. We have highlighted the effect contaminant stars have on WISE, but it is important for all photometric catalogues, playing an important role in the next generation of surveys, such as LSST.
description: 22 pages, 16 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Dataset of Gaia-WISE matches described in paper is available from the University of Exeter ORE repository in FITS format, and will appear on the CDS once the paper is assigned Volume and Page numbers
Making Predictions in Eternally Inflating Universe
Creators: name: Vilenkin, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Eternally inflating universes can contain large thermalized regions with different values of the constants of Nature and with different density fluctuation spectra. To find the probability for a `typical' observer to detect a certain set of constants, or a certain fluctuation spectrum, one needs to compare the volumes occupied by different types of regions. If the volumes are taken on an equal-time hypersurface, the results of such a comparison are extremely sensitive to the choice of the time variable t. Here, I propose a method of comparing the volumes which is rather insensitive to the choice of t. The method is then applied to evaluate the relative probability of different minima of the inflaton potential and the probability distribution for the density fluctuation spectra.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures can be faxed on request
Topology-Aware Non-Rigid Point Cloud Registration
Creators: name: Zampogiannis, Konstantinos
name: Fermuller, Cornelia
name: Aloimonos, Yiannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we introduce a non-rigid registration pipeline for pairs of unorganized point clouds that may be topologically different. Standard warp field estimation algorithms, even under robust, discontinuity-preserving regularization, tend to produce erratic motion estimates on boundaries associated with `close-to-open' topology changes. We overcome this limitation by exploiting backward motion: in the opposite motion direction, a `close-to-open' event becomes `open-to-close', which is by default handled correctly. At the core of our approach lies a general, topology-agnostic warp field estimation algorithm, similar to those employed in recently introduced dynamic reconstruction systems from RGB-D input. We improve motion estimation on boundaries associated with topology changes in an efficient post-processing phase. Based on both forward and (inverted) backward warp hypotheses, we explicitly detect regions of the deformed geometry that undergo topological changes by means of local deformation criteria and broadly classify them as `contacts' or `separations'. Subsequently, the two motion hypotheses are seamlessly blended on a local basis, according to the type and proximity of detected events. Our method achieves state-of-the-art motion estimation accuracy on the MPI Sintel dataset. Experiments on a custom dataset with topological event annotations demonstrate the effectiveness of our pipeline in estimating motion on event boundaries, as well as promising performance in explicit topological event detection.
THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF LISTENING LESSONS IN LEARNING THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN SENIOR CLASSES OF GENERAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Creators: name: Sattarova, Gulnoza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In this article, the study of the hearing problems of senior secondary school students and the factors that lead to students' hearing difficulties are described. The article also provides an analysis of the main problems in students' listening skills and some strategies and methods to help improve their listening skills.
Chemical non-equilibrium and deconfinement in 200 A GeV Sulphur induced reactions
Creators: name: Letessier, Jean
name: Rafelski, Johann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We interpret hadronic particle abundances produced in S--Au/W/Pb 200 A GeV reactions in terms of the final state hadronic phase space model and determine by a data fit of the chemical hadron freeze-out parameters. Allowing for the flavor abundance non-equilibrium a highly significant fit to experimental particle abundance data emerges, which supports possibility of strangeness distillation. We find under different strategies stable values for freeze-out temperature T_f=143\pm3 MeV, baryochemical potential μ_B= 173\pm6 MeV, ratio of strangeness (γ_s) and light quark (γ_q) phase space occupancies γ_s/γ_q=0.60\pm0.02, and γ_q=1.22\pm0.05 without accounting for collective expansion (radial flow). When introducing flow effects which allow a consistent description of the transverse mass particle spectra, yielding |v_c|=0.49\pm0.01c, we find γ_s/γ_q=0.69\pm0.03, γ_q=1.41\pm0.08. The strange quark fugacity is fitted at λ_s=1.00\pm0.02 suggesting chemical freeze-out directly from the deconfined phase.
description: 10 pages including 3 figures and 3 tables, submitted to Phys. Rev. C Sections introduced (v2), Last paragraph in section 2 edited (v3) Effect of radial flow described (v4)
Additional file 2: of Phospholipase CÎľ plays a crucial role in neutrophilic inflammation accompanying acute lung injury through augmentation of CXC chemokine production from alveolar epithelial cells
Creators: name: Kanoko Umezawa
name: Nagano, Tatsuya
name: Kobayashi, Kazuyuki
name: Dokuni, Ryota
name: Katsurada, Masahiro
name: Masatsugu Yamamoto
name: Yoshikawa, Yoko
name: Kataoka, Tohru
name: Nishimura, Yoshihiro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Table S1. List of primer sequences. (DOCX 21 kb)
WWGENPV 2.0 - A Monte Carlo Event Generator for Four-Fermion Production at e+ e- Colliders
Creators: name: Charlton, D. G.
name: Montagna, G.
name: Nicrosini, O.
name: Piccinini, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Monte Carlo program {\tt WWGENPV}, designed for computing distributions and generating events for four-fermion production in $e^+ e^- $ collisions, is described. The new version, 2.0, includes the full set of the electroweak (EW) tree-level matrix elements for double- and single-$W$ production, initial- and final-state photonic radiation including $p_T / p_L$ effects in the Structure Function formalism, all the relevant non-QED corrections (Coulomb correction, naive QCD, leading EW corrections). An hadronisation interface to {\tt JETSET} is also provided. The program can be used in a three-fold way: as a Monte Carlo integrator for weighted events, providing predictions for several observables relevant for $W$ physics; as an adaptive integrator, giving predictions for cross sections, energy and invariant mass losses with high numerical precision; as an event generator for unweighted events, both at partonic and hadronic level. In all the branches, the code can provide accurate and fast results.
description: LateX file, 23 pages, in press on Computer Physics Communications
The effective hyper-K"ahler potential in the N=2 supersymmetric QCD
Creators: name: Ketov, Sergei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effective low-energy hyper-K"ahler potential for a massive N=2 matter in the N=2 super-QCD is investigated. The N=2 extended supersymmetry severely restricts that N=2 matter self-couplings so that their exact form can be fixed by a few parameters, which is apparent in the N=2 harmonic superspace. In the N=2 QED with a single matter hypermultiplet, the one-loop perturbative calculations lead to the Taub-NUT hyper-K"ahler metric in the massive case, and a free metric in the massless case. It is remarkable that the naive non-renormalization `theorem' does not apply. There exists a manifestly N=2 supersymmetric duality transformation converting the low-energy effective action for the N=2 QED hypermultiplet into a sum of the quadratic and the improved (non-polynomial) actions for an N=2 tensor multiplet. The duality transformation also gives a simple connection between the low-energy effective action in the N=2 harmonic superspace and the component results.
description: 12 pages, LaTeX, one figure and macros included
Broadband Intensity Tomography: Spectral Tagging of the Cosmic UV Background
Creators: name: Chiang, Yi-Kuan
name: Ménard, Brice
name: Schiminovich, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic photons can be efficiently collected by broadband intensity mapping but information on their emission redshift and frequency is largely lost. We introduce a technique to statistically recover these otherwise collapsed dimensions by exploiting information in spatial fluctuations and apply it to the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) All Sky and Medium Imaging Surveys. By spatially cross-correlating photons in the GALEX far-UV (1500A) and near-UV (2300A) bands with a million spectroscopic objects in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey as a function of redshift, we robustly detect the redshift-dependent intensity of the UV background (UVB) modulated by its clustering bias up to $z\sim2$. These measurements clearly reveal the imprints of UVB spectral features redshifting through the filters. Using a simple parameterization, we simultaneously fit a UVB emissivity and clustering bias factor to these observations and constrain the main spectral features of the UVB spectrum: (i) the Lyman break, (ii) the non-ionizing UV continuum, which agrees with the Haardt & Madau model but does not rely on any assumption regarding the nature of the sources, and (iii) the Ly$α$ emission, whose luminosity density is consistent with estimates of the combined galaxy and AGN contributions at $z\sim1$. Because the technique probes the total background including low surface brightness emission, we place constraints on the amount of UV light originating from the diffuse intergalactic medium (IGM). Finally, the clustering bias of UV photons is found to be chromatic and evolving. Our frequency- and redshift-dependent UVB measurement delivers a summary statistic of the universe's net radiation output from stars, black holes, and the IGM combined.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Ladder operator for the one-dimensional Hubbard model
Creators: name: Links, Jon
name: Zhou, Huan-Qiang
name: McKenzie, Ross H.
name: Gould, Mark D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The one-dimensional Hubbard model is integrable in the sense that it has an infinite family of conserved currents. We explicitly construct a ladder operator which can be used to iteratively generate all of the conserved current operators. This construction is different from that used for Lorentz invariant systems such as the Heisenberg model. The Hubbard model is not Lorentz invariant, due to the separation of spin and charge excitations. The ladder operator is obtained by a very general formalism which is applicable to any model that can be derived from a solution of the Yang-Baxter equation.
description: 4 pages, no figures, revtex; final version to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Saturated control without velocity measurements for planar robots with flexible joints
Creators: name: Wesselink, T. C.
name: Borja, P.
name: Scherpen, J. M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this work, we propose a passivity-based controller that addresses the problem of set point regulation for planar robots with two links and flexible joints. Moreover, the controller is saturated and does not require velocity measurements. Additionally, we present experiments that corroborate the theoretical results of this note.
description: 9 figures, 3 tables. A short version of this paper was presented at the 58th Conference on Decision and Control (2019)
Charge and orbital ordering in underdoped La1-xSrxMnO3
Creators: name: Mizokawa, T.
name: Khomskii, D. I.
name: Sawatzky, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have explored spin, charge and orbitally ordered states in La1-xSrxMnO3 (0 < x < 1/2) using model Hartree-Fock calculations on d-p-type lattice models. At x=1/8, several charge and orbitally modulated states are found to be stable and almost degenerate in energy with a homogeneous ferromagnetic state. The present calculation indicates that a ferromagnetic state with a charge modulation along the c-axis which is consistent with the experiment by Yamada et al. might be responsible for the anomalous behavior around x = 1/8.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Characterising poroelastic materials in the ultrasonic range - A Bayesian approach
Creators: name: Niskanen, Matti
name: Dazel, Olivier
name: Groby, Jean-Philippe
name: Duclos, Aroune
name: Lähivaara, Timo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Acoustic fields scattered by poroelastic materials contain key information about the materials' pore structure and elastic properties. Therefore, such materials are often characterised with inverse methods that use acoustic measurements. However, it has been shown that results from many existing inverse characterisation methods agree poorly. One reason is that inverse methods are typically sensitive to even small uncertainties in a measurement setup, but these uncertainties are difficult to model and hence often neglected. In this paper, we study characterising poroelastic materials in the Bayesian framework, where measurement uncertainties can be taken into account, and which allows us to quantify uncertainty in the results. Using the finite element method, we simulate measurements where ultrasonic waves are incident on a water-saturated poroelastic material in normal and oblique angles. We consider uncertainties in the incidence angle and level of measurement noise, and then explore the solution of the Bayesian inverse problem, the posterior density, with an adaptive parallel tempering Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Results show that both the elastic and pore structure parameters can be feasibly estimated from ultrasonic measurements.
description: Published in JSV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2019.05.026
Additional file 2: of Comparative plastid genomics of Synurophyceae: inverted repeat dynamics and gene content variation
Creators: name: Kim, Jong
name: Hyunmoon Shin
name: Kaloud, Pavel Ĺ
name: Jaehee Jung
name: Yoon, Hwan
name: Archibald, John
name: Woongghi Shin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Figure S3. Phylogenetic tree based on dnaB. Numbers on branches are IQ-Tree UFBoot values. The scale bar shows the inferred number of amino acid substitutions per site. (PDF 283 kb)
Cytotoxic constituents from the mangrove endophytic Pestalotiopsis sp. induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human cancer cells
Creators: name: Zhou, Jing
name: Li, Gang
name: Deng, Qin
name: Zheng, Dongyao
name: Yang, Xiaobo
name: Xu, Jing
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Chemical examination of Chinese mangrove Rhizophora mucronata endophytic Pestalotiopsis sp., yielded  11 known metabolites with various structure types, including demethylincisterol A3 (1), dankasterone B (2), (22E, 24R)-ergosta-7,9(11), 22-triene-3β, 5α, 6α-triol (3), ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-ol (4), 5, 8-epidioxy-5, 8-ergosta-6, 22E-dien-3-ol (5), stigmastan-3-one (6), stigmast-4-en-3-one (7), stigmast-4-en-6 -ol-3-one (8), flufuran (9), (2-cis, 4-trans)-abscisic acid (10), similanpyrone B (11). Their structures were unambiguously elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses. Compounds 1, 4, 6–9 showed significant in vitro cytotoxicity against the human cancer cell lines Hela, A549 and HepG, of which compound 1 was the most potential with IC50 values reaching nM degree ranging from 0.17 to 14.16 nM. Flow cytometric investigation demonstrated that compound 1 mainly inhibited cell cycle at G0/G1 phase in a dose-dependent manner with a significant induction of apoptosis on the three tested cell lines. The involvement of the mitochondria in compound 1 induced apoptosis was investigated using MMP. We suggested that R. mucronata endophytic Pestalotiopsis sp. contained a potential anticancer compound demethylincisterol A3.
On the conformal equivalence between 2D black holes and Rindler spacetime
Creators: name: Cadoni, Mariano
name: Mignemi, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a two-dimensional dilaton gravity model related by a conformal transformation of the metric to the Callan-Giddings-Harvey-Strominger model. We find that most of the features and problems of the latter can be simply understood in terms of the classical and semiclassical dynamics of accelerated observers in two-dimensional Minkowski space.
description: 6 pages, plain-tex file, no figures
Additional file 1 of Gene losses may contribute to subterranean adaptations in naked mole-rat and blind mole-rat
Creators: name: Zheng, Zhizhong
name: Hua, Rong
name: Xu, Guoqiang
name: Yang, Hui
name: Shi, Peng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Flowchart for identifying gene loss events in NMRs, BMRs, guinea pigs and rats. Fig. S2. Inactivating mutations of TRIM17 in another three cetaceans. Fig. S3. Original western blot images.
DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR BASED ON GENETIC ALGORITHM AND FUZZY ADAPTIVE PI CONTROLLER
Creators: name: ALEMNEH BZUAYEHU TEGEGNE
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2019
Subjects: Induction Motor (IM), Direct Torque Control (DTC), Genetic Algorithm (GA), proportional integral controller (PI), Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), Fuzzy Logic-Proportional Integral Controller (FLC-PI), Genetic Algorithm and Fuzzy Adaptive Proportional Integral Controller (FLC-PI-GA).

description: Direct torque control of induction motor is one of the most widely used machines in industrial applications due to its high reliability, relatively low cost, and less maintenance requirement. The aim of this thesis is to design and comparative analysis of fuzzy logic proportional integral controller and genetic algorithm and fuzzy adaptive proportional integral controller for direct torque controlled induction motor. The parameters of the scale factor of fuzzy logic controller were genetically optimized using integral Absolute Square of error as fitness function. The proposed of genetic algorithm and fuzzy adaptive proportional integral controller that was the genetic algorithm working to optimize the fuzzy proportional integral controller. In this approach, according to speed error and its first time derivative, the proportional coefficient and integral coefficient can be adjusted by fuzzy logic controller, and then the scale factor of the fuzzy logic adapter parameters are optimized by genetic algorithm to improve the self-adaptation of speed. This increases the performance of induction motor drive. The performance of genetic algorithm and fuzzy adaptive proportional integral system controller was compared with fuzzy logic proportional integral controller using MATLAB simulation results with different operating conditions. It is observed from the simulation results that by using fuzzy logic proportional integral and genetic algorithm and fuzzy adaptive proportional integral controllers, from the reference speed of 50 rad/se, the percentage peak overshoots were 22.84% and 15.698% respectively. Thus, genetic algorithm and fuzzy adaptive proportional integral controller shows less overshoot that fuzzy logic proportional controller. Also the speed reaches its desired set value at 0.648 second in genetic algorithm and fuzzy logic proportional integral controller controlled induction motor drive.
Report of the Supersymmetry Theory Working Group
Creators: name: Amundson, J.
name: Anderson, G.
name: Baer, H.
name: Bagger, J.
name: Barnett, R. M.
name: Chen, C. H.
name: Cleaver, G.
name: Dobrescu, B.
name: Drees, M.
name: Gunion, J. F.
name: Kane, G. L.
name: Kayser, B.
name: Kolda, C.
name: Lykken, J.
name: Martin, S. P.
name: Moroi, T.
name: Mrenna, S.
name: Nojiri, M.
name: Pierce, D.
name: Tata, X.
name: Thomas, S.
name: Wells, J. D.
name: Wright, B.
name: Yamada, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a mini-guide to some of the possible manifestations of weak scale supersymmetry. For each of six scenarios we provide a brief description of the theoretical underpinnings, the adjustable parameters, a qualitative description of the associated phenomenology at future colliders, comments on how to simulate each scenario with existing event generators.
description: Report of Snowmass Supersymmetry Theory Working Group; 14 pages plus 3 figures using latex2e and snow2e.cls; this version has corrected a number of typos from the first version
Dimensionality-Reduction of Climate Data using Deep Autoencoders
Creators: name: Saenz, J. A.
name: Lubbers, N.
name: Urban, N. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the use of deep neural networks for nonlinear dimensionality reduction in climate applications. We train convolutional autoencoders (CAEs) to encode two temperature field datasets from pre-industrial control runs in the CMIP5 first ensemble, obtained with the CCSM4 model and the IPSL-CM5A-LR model, respectively. With the later dataset, consisting of 36500 96$\times$96 surface temperature fields, the CAE out-performs PCA in terms of mean squared error of the reconstruction from a 40 dimensional encoding. Moreover, the noise in the filters of the convolutional layers in the autoencoders suggests that the CAE can be trained to produce better results. Our results indicate that convolutional autoencoders may provide an effective platform for the construction of surrogate climate models.
description: 6th International Workshop on Climate Informatics
Particles and Events in Classical Off-Shell Electrodynamics
Creators: name: Land, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite the many successes of the relativistic quantum theory developed by Horwitz, et. al., certain difficulties persist in the associated covariant classical mechanics. In this paper, we explore these difficulties through an examination of the classical Coulomb problem in the framework of off-shell electrodynamics. As the local gauge theory of a covariant quantum mechanics with evolution parameter $τ$, off-shell electrodynamics constitutes a dynamical theory of spacetime events, interacting through five $τ$-dependent pre-Maxwell potentials. We present a straightforward solution of the classical equations of motion, which is seen to be unsatisfactory, and reveals the essential difficulties in the formalism at the classical level. We then offer a new model of the particle current -- as a certain distribution of the event currents on the worldline -- which eliminates these difficulties and permits comparison of classical off-shell electrodynamics with the standard Maxwell theory. In this model, the ``fixed'' event induces a Yukawa-type potential, permitting a semi-classical identification of the pre-Maxwell time scale $λ$ with the inverse mass of the intervening photon. Numerical solutions to the equations of motion are compared with the standard Maxwell solutions, and are seen to coincide when $λ\gtrsim 10^{-6}$ seconds, providing an initial estimate of this parameter. It is also demonstrated that the proposed model provides a natural interpretation for the photon mass cut-off required for the renormalizability of the off-shell quantum electrodynamics.
description: 21 pages, Latex, 3 Postscript figures
Additional file 5 of Unprecedented organelle genomic variations in morning glories reveal independent evolutionary scenarios of parasitic plants and the diversification of plant mitochondrial complexes
Creators: name: Lin, Yanxiang
name: Li, Pan
name: Zhang, Yuchan
name: Akhter, Delara
name: Pan, Ronghui
name: Fu, Zhixi
name: Huang, Mingqing
name: Li, Xiaobo
name: Feng, Yanlei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 5. Plastid CDS, Mitochondrial CDS, and Nuclear 45S.
Path-integral fermion-boson decoupling at finite temperature
Creators: name: Manías, M. V.
name: Naón, C. M.
name: Trobo, M. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to extend the standard functional approach to bosonisation, based on a decoupling change of path-integral variables, to the case in which a finite temperature is considered. As examples, in order to both illustrate and check the procedure, we derive the thermodynamical partition functions for the Thirring and Schwinger models.
description: 12 pages, latex, no figures
Increased Performance of Matsubara space calculations: A case study within Eliashberg theory
Creators: name: Schrodi, Fabian
name: Aperis, Alex
name: Oppeneer, Peter M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method to considerably improve the numerical performance for solving Eliashberg-type coupled equations on the imaginary axis. Instead of the standard practice of introducing a hard numerical cutoff for treating the infinite summations involved, our scheme allows for the efficient calculation of such sums extended formally up to infinity. The method is first benchmarked with isotropic Migdal-Eliashberg theory calculations and subsequently applied to the solution of the full-bandwidth, multiband and anisotropic equations focusing on the FeSe/SrTiO$_3$ interface as a case study. Compared to the standard procedure, we reach similarly well converged results with less than one fifth of the number of frequencies for the anisotropic case, while for the isotropic set of equations we spare approximately ninety percent of the complexity. Since our proposed approximations are very general, our numerical scheme opens the possibility of studying the superconducting properties of a wide range of materials at ultra-low temperatures.
A fast algorithm for semi-analytically solving the homogenization boundary value problem for block locally-isotropic heterogeneous media
Creators: name: March, Nathan G.
name: Carr, Elliot J.
name: Turner, Ian W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct numerical simulation of diffusion through heterogeneous media can be difficult due to the computational cost of resolving fine-scale heterogeneities. One method to overcome this difficulty is to homogenize the model by replacing the spatially-varying fine-scale diffusivity with an effective diffusivity calculated from the solution of an appropriate boundary value problem. In this paper, we present a new semi-analytical method for solving this boundary value problem and computing the effective diffusivity for pixellated, locally-isotropic, heterogeneous media. We compare our new solution method to a standard finite volume method and show that equivalent accuracy can be achieved in less computational time for several standard test cases. We also demonstrate how the new solution method can be applied to complex heterogeneous geometries represented by a two-dimensional grid of rectangular blocks. These results indicate that our new semi-analytical method has the potential to significantly speed up simulations of diffusion in heterogeneous media.
description: 28 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, accepted version of paper published in Applied Mathematical Modelling
Additional file 3 of Likelihood-based random-effects meta-analysis with few studies: empirical and simulation studies
Creators: name: Seide, Svenja
name: RĂśver, Christian
name: Friede, Tim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Supplement-2.pdf: The plots analogous to Fig.Â 5, for all simulation scenarios. (PDF 826 kb)
Sparticle Spectroscopy and Electroweak Symmetry Breaking with Gauge-Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking
Creators: name: Dimopoulos, Savas
name: Thomas, Scott
name: Wells, James D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phenomenology associated with gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking is presented. A renormalization group analysis of the minimal model is performed in which the constraints of radiative electroweak symmetry breaking are imposed. The resulting superpartner and Higgs boson spectra are highly correlated and depend on only a few parameters. Superpartner mass ratios and sum rules are identified which can be tested at future colliders. Some of these relations are logarithmically sensitive to the messenger scale, while others allow gauge-mediation to be distinguished from other schemes for tansmitting supersymmetry breaking. Deviations from the minimal model, such as larger messenger representations and additional contributions to Higgs sector masses, can in some circumstances dramatically modify the low energy spectrum. These modifications include a slepton or Higgsino as the lightest standard model superpartner, or exotic mass relations among the scalars and gauginos. The contribution to $b \to s γ$ and resulting bound on superpartner masses are also presented for the minimal model. Finally, the unique collider signatures of heavy charged particle production, or decay to the Goldstino within a detector are discussed.
description: 59 pages, Latex, published version
title: Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs)' understanding of 'Black Crusts' predictive models for built heritage preservation
Creators: name: Sun, Wenrui
name: Grau-Bove, Josep
name: Reggio, Daniela
Publisher: name: University of Southampton
Year: 2024

description: This study evaluates the understanding of LLMs in predicting limestone sulphation, described in common language as 'black crusts', which is an environmental decay damaging for historic buildings, implying gypsum formation on the surface of carbonatic materials. The research question is: 'To what extent can built heritage managers use LLMs for preservation advice?'. GPT-4, Claude, and OpenArt were used for evaluation, and prompts were designed to test different aspects of limestone sulphation predictions. Gypsum thickness calculated at various time intervals from published studies was prompted to the LLMs to generate new predictions. These results were then cross-referenced with predictive models to assess accuracy. The findings indicate that LLMs produced varying results each time, with significant discrepancies compared to published models. Numerical predictions, data fitting, and image forecasting based on LLMs were explored, underscoring the limitations of LLMs in predictive modelling. Further testing is required to leverage LLMs capabilities in heritage preservation.
Smectic-Nematic Phase Transition as Wrinkling Transition in a Stack of Membranes
Creators: name: Kleinert, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out that the smectic-nematic phase transition may considered as a transition of a stack of membranes in $2+ε$ dimensions, in which the layers become so wrinkled that they interpenetrate each other are no longer distinguishable.
description: Author Information under http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/institution.html . Latest update of paper also at http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/137n
The equivalent media generated by bubbles of high contrasts: Volumetric metamaterials and metasurfaces
Creators: name: Ammari, Habib
name: Challa, Durga Prasad
name: Choudhury, Anupam Pal
name: Sini, Mourad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We deal with the point-interaction approximations for the acoustic wave fields generated by a cluster of highly contrasted bubbles for a wide range of densities and bulk moduli contrasts. We derive the equivalent fields when the cluster of bubbles is appropriately distributed (but not necessarily periodically) in a bounded domain $Ω$ of $\mathbb{R}^3$. We handle two situations. 1. In the first one, we distribute the bubbles to occupy a $3$ dimensional domain. For this case, we show that the equivalent speed of propagation changes sign when the medium is excited with frequencies smaller or larger than (but not necessarily close to) the Minnaert resonance. As a consequence, this medium behaves as a reflective or absorbing depending on whether the used frequency is smaller or larger than this resonance. In addition, if the used frequency is extremely close to this resonance, for a cluster of bubbles with density above a certain threshold, then the medium behaves as a 'wall', i.e. allowing no incident sound to penetrate. 2. In the second one, we distribute the bubbles to occupy a $2$ dimensional (open or closed) surface, not necessarily flat. For this case, we show that the equivalent medium is modeled by a Dirac potential supported on that surface. The sign of the surface potential changes for frequencies smaller or larger than the Minnaert resonance, i.e. it behaves as a smart metasurface reducing or amplifying the transmitted sound across it. As in the $3$D case, if the used frequency is extremely close to this resonance, for a cluster of bubbles with density above an appropriate threshold, then the surface allows no incident sound to be transmitted across the surface, i.e. it behaves as a white screen.
Additional file 1: of Comparative plastid genomics of Synurophyceae: inverted repeat dynamics and gene content variation
Creators: name: Kim, Jong
name: Hyunmoon Shin
name: Kaloud, Pavel Ĺ
name: Jaehee Jung
name: Yoon, Hwan
name: Archibald, John
name: Woongghi Shin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S2. Overview of Synurophyceae plastid genomes. Linearized maps of five novel complete plastid genomes are compared with Ochromonas sp. CCMP1393. The color coded syntenic blocks are shown above each genome, and the gene maps are shown below each genome. The syntenic blocks above the horizontal line are on the same strand, and those below the line are on the opposite strand. The horizontal bars inside the syntenic blocks show sequence conservation. The block boundaries correspond to the sites where inversion events occurred. In the gene maps, the genes above the horizontal line are transcribed from left to right, and those below the horizontal line are transcribed from right to left. The rRNA operons are shown in red. (PDF 1586 kb)
A novel phthalocyanine based discotic liquid crystal for efficient corrosion inhibition of mild steel
Creators: name: T, Aravinda
name: Rao, Srilatha
name: S, Sowmyashree A
name: Gowda, Ashwathanarayana
name: L, Parashuram
name: Urbina, Kayim Pineda
name: Jayaprakash, Gururaj Kudur
name: Kumar, Sandeep
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Discotic liquid crystals have been extensively investigated for their applications in electro-optical devices. Very recently their potential as corrosion inhibitor has been realised. Effective methods for the prevention of corrosion of mild steel (MS) are still challenging research for industrial chemists. In the present work, MS samples in 1.0 M HCl medium were used to test the corrosion inhibition capacity of a metal-free phthalocyanine (Pc)-based discotic liquid crystal (DLC) using potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedance parameters. The phthalocyanine discotic liquid crystal (PcDLC) exhibited an excellent corrosion inhibition with a maximum inhibition efficiency of 89.61%. This superior ability was attributed to the strong adsorption of PcDLC on to the surface of mild steel as confirmed from the potentiodynamic polarisation data that fit into the cathodic inhibitor category. The protective layer of inhibitors generated on the MS surface was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FTIR. The density function theory (DFT) approach was used to investigate the relationship between molecular structures and inhibitory efficacy, which indicated a strong interaction between the inhibitor and the surface iron atoms.
KPZ Formulas for Weyl-Invariant Induced Gravity and Topologically Massive Gravity
Creators: name: Amelino-Camelia, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss the applicability in Weyl-invariant induced gravity and topologically massive gravity of certain formulas originally derived by Knizhnik, Polyakov, and Zamolodchikov in the context of diffeomorphism-invariant induced gravity.
description: 4 pages, LaTex. (Contribution to the Proceedings of the 2nd Topical Meeting on Constrained Dynamics and Quantum Gravity.)
title: Ð¡ÑÐ´Ð¾Ð²ÑÐµ Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ»Ñ
title: ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ðµ
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: ÐÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð², ÐÐ°Ð»ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸Ð½
name: ÐÐ°ÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð², ÐÐ¸ÐºÑÐ¾Ñ
name: ÐÐ°Ð¿ÑÐµÐ², ÐÐ¸ÑÐ°Ð¸Ð»
name: ÐÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð², ÐÐ¸ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð»
name: ÐÑÐ»Ð¸Ð½, ÐÐ½ÑÐ¾Ð½
name: Ð Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¾, ÐÐ»ÐµÐ±
Publisher: name: ÐÐÐÐÐ¢ÐÐ¥-ÐÐ ÐÐ¡Ð¡
Year: 2024
Subjects: ÐÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ»Ñ
Ð¡ÑÐ´Ð¾Ð²ÑÐµ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ»Ñ

description: Ð ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¾Ð¼ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð¸, ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¸ Ð¸Ð½Ð¶ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð² ÑÐºÑÐ¿Ð»ÑÐ°ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÑÑÐ´Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð² Ð¸ ÑÑÑÐ±Ð¾Ð½Ð°Ð´Ð´ÑÐ²Ð¾ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð°Ð³ÑÐµÐ³Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð². Ð Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐ¼ Ð¸Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð² Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°ÑÑÐ¸ Ð²Ð½ÑÑÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð², ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð°, Ð½Ð°Ð´Ð´ÑÐ²Ð° Ð¸ Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸. Ð£ÑÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ðµ Â«Ð¡ÑÐ´Ð¾Ð²ÑÐµ Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ»ÑÂ» ÑÐµÐºÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð´ÑÐµÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐºÐ°Ñ ÐºÑÑÑÐ¾Ð² Â«ÐÐ°Ð¼ÐµÑÑ ÑÐ³Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ, Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð³ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¾ÑÑ Ð¸ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¸Â» Ð¸ Â«ÐÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Ð¸ ÑÐºÑÐ¿Ð»ÑÐ°ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ ÐÐÐ ÐÐÐ¡Â» Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑÑÐ´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¾Ð², Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸ÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸ Â«Ð­Ð½ÐµÑÐ³ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ðµ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ¾ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÐµÂ» (Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ¸Ð°Ñ â 13.03.03, Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ°ÑÑÑÐ° â 13.04.03).
Discriminating between Higgs Boson models using $e^+e^-\to t \anti t \h$ and $Z\h$ at the NLC
Creators: name: Gunion, J. F.
name: He, X. -G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the process $e^+e^-\to t\anti t h$ at the NLC provides a powerful tool for extracting the $t\anti t$ (Yukawa) couplings of the $\h$. In combination with the $\epem\to Z\h$ process, an accurate determination of the $ZZ$ coupling of the $\h$ is also possible. The resulting ability to distinguish different models of the Higgs sector is illustrated by detailed studies for two-Higgs-doublet models.
description: 5 pages, full postscript file also available via anonymous ftp at ftp://ucdhep.ucdavis.edu/gunion/he_sm96.ps
Additional file 6 of Unprecedented organelle genomic variations in morning glories reveal independent evolutionary scenarios of parasitic plants and the diversification of plant mitochondrial complexes
Creators: name: Lin, Yanxiang
name: Li, Pan
name: Zhang, Yuchan
name: Akhter, Delara
name: Pan, Ronghui
name: Fu, Zhixi
name: Huang, Mingqing
name: Li, Xiaobo
name: Feng, Yanlei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 6 Similar situation observed for HSP60.
Split Supersymmetry Breaking from Stuckelberg Mixing of Multiple U(1)'s
Creators: name: Ghaffari, Ghazaal
name: Torabian, Mahdi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that multiple Abelian sectors with Stuckelberg mass-mixing simply break supersymmetry via Fayet-Iliopoulos D-terms and straightforwardly mediate it to the other sectors. This mechanism naturally realizes a split supersymmetry spectrum for soft parameters. Scalar squared-masses (holomorphic and non-holomorphic) are induced through sizable portals and are not suppressed. Gaugino masses, a-terms and a mu-like term are generated by higher-dimensional operators and are suppressed. The hypercharge is mixed with extra U(1)'s, it's D-term in non-vanishing and supersymmetry is broken in the visible sector too. Scalar tachyonic directions are removed by unsuppressed interactions and hypercharge is preserved as supersymmetry is broken. Moreover, if a singlet chiral field is charged under additional $U(1)$'s proportional to its hypercharge, new interaction terms in the Kahler potential and the superpotential are added through Stuckelberg compensation. In this case supersymmetry is broken via F-terms or mixed F and D-terms.
description: 6 pages, v2: typos corrected, references added, major corrections to section 3
Poisson type relativistic perfect fluid spheres
Creators: name: García-Reyes, Gonzalo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Static spherically symmetric solutions of the Einstein's field equations in isotropic coordinates representing perfect fluid matter distributions from Newtonian potential-density pairs are investigated. The approach is illustrated with three simple examples based on the potential-density pairs corresponding to a harmonic oscillator (homogeneous sphere), the well-known Plummer model and a massive spherical dark matter halo model with a logarithmic potential. Moreover, the geodesic circular motion of test particles around such structures is studied. The stability of the orbits against radial perturbations is also analyzed using an extension of the Rayleigh criteria of stability of a fluid in rest in a gravitational field. The models considered satisfy all the energy conditions.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures