cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Can budget support to the cotton sector be used more efficiently? An assessment of the policy support measures in Mali and Burkina Faso
Creators: name: Gourichon, Hélène
name: Kone, Bouréma
name: Lanos, Barthélémy
name: Mas Aparisi, Alban
name: Gourichon, Hélène
name: Kone, Bouréma
name: Lanos, Barthélémy
name: Mas Aparisi, Alban
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Farm Management
Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: In Burkina Faso and Mali, cotton is the most important cash crop, given its high contribution to the GDP and to the export sector revenue. Export of cotton lint accounted for 60 and 15 percent of the value of national exports, respectively, in 2014. To maintain the level of cotton production, the two Governments support the sector. Indeed, the analysis based on the Monitoring and Analysing Food and Agricultural Policies (MAFAP) methodology show that producers received incentives of 21 and 12 percent in Burkina Faso and Mali, respectively, between 2005 and 2012 (nominal rate of protection [NRP]). The analysis provides insights on the level of domestic price protection that compensates price distortions resulting from on one hand, exogenous causes namely the international price distortions and the exchange rate misalignment and on the other hand, endogenous inefficiencies such as the high transport or processing costs. Two adjusted NRP are computed, one using an adjusted benchmark price for cotton that is netted out of policy interventions at the international level (Anderson and Valenzuela, 2006) and one using an alternate, non-misaligned exchange rate (BCEAO, 2013). The value chain inefficiencies are then discussed, using the market development gap indicator which reveals that higher producer price could be obtained if inefficiencies were corrected through sound investment policies. Finally, a budgetary allocation analysis is proposed, along with the computation of nominal rates of assistance that reveal the full extent of policy support to the cotton value chain. Price intervention, with other cotton-related budgetary transfers, represented 9 percent of food and agricultural expenditure in Burkina Faso between 2006 and 2012 and 31 percent in Mali.
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4944e.pdf
General soliton matrices in the Riemann-Hilbert problem for integrable nonlinear equations
Creators: name: Shchesnovich, V. S.
name: Yang, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the soliton matrices corresponding to an arbitrary number of higher-order normal zeros for the matrix Riemann-Hilbert problem of arbitrary matrix dimension, thus giving the complete solution to the problem of higher-order solitons. Our soliton matrices explicitly give all higher-order multi-soliton solutions to the nonlinear partial differential equations integrable through the matrix Riemann-Hilbert problem. We have applied these general results to the three-wave interaction system, and derived new classes of higher-order soliton and two-soliton solutions, in complement to those from our previous publication [Stud. Appl. Math. \textbf{110}, 297 (2003)], where only the elementary higher-order zeros were considered. The higher-order solitons corresponding to non-elementary zeros generically describe the simultaneous breakup of a pumping wave $(u_3)$ into the other two components ($u_1$ and $u_2$) and merger of $u_1$ and $u_2$ waves into the pumping $u_3$ wave. The two-soliton solutions corresponding to two simple zeros generically describe the breakup of the pumping $u_3$ wave into the $u_1$ and $u_2$ components, and the reverse process. In the non-generic cases, these two-soliton solutions could describe the elastic interaction of the $u_1$ and $u_2$ waves, thus reproducing previous results obtained by Zakharov and Manakov [Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. \textbf{69}, 1654 (1975)] and Kaup [Stud. Appl. Math. \textbf{55}, 9 (1976)].
description: To appear in J. Math. Phys
The Covid19Impact Survey: Assessing the Pulse of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain via 24 questions
Creators: name: Oliver, Nuria
name: Barber, Xavier
name: Roomp, Kirsten
name: Roomp, Kristof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we describe the results of analyzing a large-scale survey, called the Covid19Impact survey, to assess citizens feedback on four areas related to the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: social contact behavior, financial impact, working situation and health status. A total of 24 questions cover the areas of demographics, their home situation, social contact behavior, personal economic impact, their workplace situation and their health. The survey was responded to by 156,614 participants between the evening of March 28th and April 2nd, 2020. Such a large response enables us to gain new insights, as well as an unprecedented glimpse at respondents personal experiences and concerns during the current COVID-19 pandemic. From the analysis, we draw several implications for the design of public policies related to the management of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Livelihood diversification and vulnerability to poverty in rural Malawi
Creators: name: Asfaw, Solomon
name: McCarthy, Nancy
name: Paolantonio, Adriana
name: Cavatassi, Romina
name: Amare, Mulubrhan
name: Lipper, Leslie
name: Asfaw, Solomon
name: McCarthy, Nancy
name: Paolantonio, Adriana
name: Cavatassi, Romina
name: Amare, Mulubrhan
name: Lipper, Leslie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: Climate variability, associated with farm-income variability, is recognized as one of the main drivers of livelihood diversification strategies in developing countries. Analysing determinants of livelihood diversification choices, to better understand household strategic behaviour in the event of climatic risks and other shocks, is important for the formulation of development policies in developing countries highly dependent on rain-fed agriculture, like Malawi. We use geo-referenced farm-household-level data collected in 2010-11 to investigate how climatic variability influences the pattern of diversification that farmers adopt, and the impacts of these choices on welfare. To do so we apply the 'vulnerability to expected poverty' approach which measures the future level of poverty taking into consideration the role of risk and uncertainty. The analysis considers the effect of policies and institutions such as fertilizer subsidies, extension services, safety-net and credit on diversification choices. The results show that higher levels of climate risk generally increase the likelihood of diversification across labour, cropland and income, suggesting the importance of diversification as a response to constraints imposed by increased risk. In contrast, we find that in areas with favourable average rainfall conditions households are more likely to diversify income, suggesting diversification as a response to opportunities. In terms of welfare, the analysis performed on the components of vulnerability to poverty provides evidence that climatic variables are key determinants of both components of vulnerability (expected consumption and its variance). Fertilizer subsidies are found to be significant in diversification choices for all dimensions and also particularly effective in reducing vulnerability to poverty in high variability environments although the same does not hold for extension. Looking at differences across gender, we find that women labour diversification is less responsive than men's, resulting in a lower positive impact on expected consumption per capita.
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4887e.pdf
600 leagues under the sea : maritime communities and commercial connectivity in the western Mediterranean world of late antiquity
Creators: name: Munnery, Rowan
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2025
Subjects: Maritime archaeology
Network studies
Late antiquity
Ancient history
Mediterranean studies
Digital humanities
Quantitative analysis
Maritime trade
Mercantile communities

description: This thesis focuses on the relational connections inherent in the maritime economies of the late antique western Mediterranean, combining archaeological material from both land and sea along with environmental and literary evidence to produce a new account of the dynamic changes in interconnectivity and distribution networks which occurred over the course of this period. By employing social network analysis coupled with an investigation of maritime cultural landscapes, it sheds light on how maritime exchange was structured in late antiquity, as increased fragmentation and regionalisation, combined with changing economies, saw major shifts in the organisation of the western Mediterranean system. After detailing the methodology that is utilised for modelling maritime networks, the fĳirst part of the thesis focuses on the social, environmental, and archaeological background to maritime commerce. This includes examining ships, navigation, sea routes, and mercantile business before shifting to deliver an overview of what the material we possess from shipwreck sites can truly tell us about seaborne trade given the issues inherent in its collection and analysis. The second part is centred around outlining the distribution networks and trading communities represented by the remains included in the collected archaeological dataset. Drawing on a combination of network and geostatistical models, it examines the ties between types of goods being shifted across the Mediterranean, using them to better understand the connections between areas of production and consumption as well as the formation and spatial limits of communities. These are then combined with an overview of archaeological fĳinds from on land in a series of case studies which explore how the models which were created line up with this source of information and what a synthesis of this data can tell us about regional dynamics and gaps within the underwater record. From the evidence that is presented in the thesis as a whole, I argue that regionalisation accelerated over the course of late antiquity as longdistance connections became increasingly selective, creating new patterns of maritime distribution and heavily disturbing pre-existing webs of connectivity. However, this process was uneven and also significantly mediated by specific conditions within the maritime landscape of each region.
Additional file 2 of Increased complement activation 3 to 6 h after trauma is a predictor of prolonged mechanical ventilation and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: a prospective observational study
Creators: name: Rognes, Ingrid Nygren
name: Pischke, Søren Erik
name: Ottestad, William
name: Røislien, Jo
name: Berg, Jens Petter
name: Johnson, Christina
name: Eken, Torsten
name: Mollnes, Tom Eirik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. STROBE flow diagram.
Controlling vertical magnetization shift by spin-orbit torque in ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic heterostructure
Creators: name: Zhou, Z. P.
name: Liu, X. H.
name: Wang, K. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the control of vertical magnetization shift (VMS) and exchange bias through spin-orbit torque (SOT) in Pt/Co/Ir25Mn75/Co heterostructure device. The exchange bias accompanying with a large relative VMS of about 30 % is observed after applying a single pulse 40 mA in perpendicular field of 2 kOe. Furthermore, the field-free SOT-induced variations of VMS and exchange bias is also observed, which would be related to the effective built-in out-of-plane field due to unequal upward and downward interfacial spin populations. The SOT-induced switched fraction of out-of-plane interfacial spins shows a linear dependence on relative VMS, indicating the number of uncompensated pinned spins are proportional to the switched interfacial spins. Our finding offers a comprehensive understanding for electrically manipulating interfacial spins of AFM materials.
Φαρμακογονιδιωματική των αντιπηκτικών και αντιαιμοπεταλιακών φαρμάκων και εφαρμογή στην κλινική πράξη
Creators: name: Κιτσικίδου, Ελισάβετ Οδυσσέα
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Κλινική Φαρμακολογία
subject: Φαρμακογονιδιωματικη
subject: Αντιπηκτικα
subject: Αντιαιμοπεταλιακα
subject: Clinical Pharmacology
subject: Pharmacogenomics
subject: FOS: Medical biotechnology
subject: Anticoagulants
subject: Antiplatelets

description: Τα τελευταία χρόνια, η χρήση της φαρμακογονιδιωματικής στην κλινική πράξη, έχει υπάρξει παγκοσμίως πεδίο συζήτησης και έρευνας. Τα αντιπηκτικά και αντιαιμοπεταλιακά φάρμακα παίζουν ιδιαίτερα σημαντικό ρόλο στη πρωτογενή και δευτερογενή πρόληψη θρομβοεμβολικών καταστάσεων, που αποτελούν σημαντική αιτία θνητότητας και θνησιμότητας , μειώνοντας τον κίνδυνο αρτηριακής και φλεβικής θρόμβωσης. Ωστόσο έχει παρατηρηθεί μεγάλη ετερογένεια μεταξύ των ασθενών όσον αφορά την απόκριση στα φάρμακα αυτά, με κάποιους ασθενείς να εμφανίζουν θρομβωτικά συμβάματα και άλλους αιμορραγικές επιπλοκές. Υπάρχει πληθώρα δεδομένων που υποδεικνύουν ότι το γενετικό υπόβαθρο επηρεάζει την φαρμακοκινητική και φαρμακοδυναμική του φαρμάκου, οδηγώντας σε διαφορετική κλινική ανταπόκριση και ανεπιθύμητα καρδιαγγειακά συμβάματα. Ο σκοπός της συγκεκριμένης βιβλιογραφικής μελέτης είναι να συνοψίσει φαρμακοκινητικά και φαρμακοδυναμικά δεδομένα των πλέον συχνά χρησιμοποιούμενων αντιπηκτικών και αντιαιμοπεταλιακών φαρμάκων (βαρφαρίνη, δαβιγαρτάνη, ριβαροξαμπάνη, απιξαμπάνη, κλοπιδογρέλη, ασπιρίνη) και να παραθέσει τα μέχρι σήμερα γνωστά φαρμακογονιδιωματικά δεδομένα γα το κάθε ένα από αυτά.
description: In recent years, the use of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice has been an area of discussion and research worldwide. Anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs are critical in the primary and secondary prevention of thromboembolic disorders, which are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, reducing the risk of arterial and venous thrombosis. However, the observed large interindividual variation in responsiveness resulting in either lack of antithrombotic effect or elevated bleeding risk. There is a large body of evidence to suggest that genetic predisposition substantially influences drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, thereby resulting in altered drug response and increases in the rate of adverse cardiovascular events. The purpose of this literature study is to summarize pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data of the most commonly used anticoagulants and platelets (warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, clipidogrel, aspirin) and to present the known pharmacogenomic data for each of them.
Intellectual exchange and the reception of classical literature at early medieval Fulda
Creators: name: Edholm, Matthew Brian
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2025
Subjects: Monasticism
Carolingian
Hrabanus Maurus
Rudolf of Fulda
Brun Candidus

description: This thesis studies the inheritance of classical literature at the monastery of Fulda in the ninth century. An examination of two writers, Rudolf of Fulda and Brun Candidus, provides a kind of case study of the broader intellectual networks and transmission of classical literature at work in the Carolingian Empire. The study attempts to situate Carolingian literary aesthetics within the context of Late Antique poetry and material culture. It argues that the dominant thread in these writers was the inheriting and refashioning of past classical sources. Through slight emendations made to the classical sources, Rudolf and Candidus are able to incorporate and synthesize pagan writers into the Christian culture of the ninth century. The thesis uses the transmission history of Vitruvius’ De architectura as a case study of the broader intellectual networks. Further, it uncovers a previously unknown Carolingian reader of Vitruvius, Rudolf, and argues for the onetime existence of a manuscript copy of Vitruvius at the Fulda monastery. Additionally, the thesis contains the first English translations of Rudolf’s Miracula sanctorum in Fuldenses ecclesias translatorum, and Brun Candidus’ opus geminatum or ‘twinned-work’, the prose Vita Eigilis, and the metrical Vita Aeigili. In the study of the metrical Vita the thesis argues that, contrary to being simply derivative or unoriginal, through the use and manipulation of fragments of classical poets such as Vergil and Ovid, Candidus created a narrative subtext to his poem that offered a commentary on the recent crisis at the Fulda monastery, while also offering a vision of ideal and harmonious monastic life. An extensive commentary on the poem adds to this evidence by examining in detail every classical reference in the poem.
Additional file 3 of Increased complement activation 3 to 6 h after trauma is a predictor of prolonged mechanical ventilation and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: a prospective observational study
Creators: name: Rognes, Ingrid Nygren
name: Pischke, Søren Erik
name: Ottestad, William
name: Røislien, Jo
name: Berg, Jens Petter
name: Johnson, Christina
name: Eken, Torsten
name: Mollnes, Tom Eirik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. Characteristics of trauma patients with and without major head injury.
Seasonal, environmental and anthropogenic influences on nocturnal basking in turtles and crocodiles from North-Eastern Australia
Creators: name: Nordberg, EJ
name: McKnight, Donald
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3103
subject: Ecology
classificationCode: 3109
subject: Zoology
classificationCode: 41
subject: Environmental sciences

description: Many ectotherms bask in the sun as a behavioural mechanism to increase body temperature and facilitate metabolism, digestion or gamete production, among other functions. Such behaviours are common during the day, but some nocturnal species are also known to thermoregulate at night, in the absence of solar radiation, through shifts in body posture or microhabitat selection. Additionally, recent work has documented nocturnal basking in freshwater turtles in tropical Australia, though the purpose of the behaviour remains unknown. Here, we have built upon that work to test: 1. seasonal differences, 2. the influence of environmental factors and 3. the influence of anthropogenic development (e.g. river-front houses) on nocturnal basking behaviour. We visually surveyed transects repeatedly at night on the Ross River, Townsville, QLD, Australia from March to November 2020 and documented nocturnal basking in both freshwater turtles (Emydura macquarii krefftii) and freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus johnstoni). For both taxa, we found significantly more nocturnal basking activity during the hotter months. Likewise, water surface temperature significantly influenced nocturnal basking in both taxa, especially when water temperatures were both high and warmer than air temperatures. We propose that nocturnal basking provides a mechanism for thermoregulatory cooling when water temperatures are high (e.g. 30°C) and above-preferred temperatures. After accounting for availability in basking habitat, both turtles and crocodiles basked more frequently on the undeveloped side of the river, suggesting avoidance of human activity or disturbance. This study is the first to document nocturnal basking activity temporally throughout the year as well as the first to identify the influences of environmental factors. Nocturnal thermoregulation has been documented in many reptiles, however, thermoregulatory cooling in tropical systems is less well-known.
Anisopodus ligneus Bates 1863
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Anisopodus
Anisopodus ligneus

description: 25. Anisopodus ligneus Bates, 1863
Syntype localities — Brazil, Amazonas: Ega [Tefé]. Pará: Tapajós. (MNHN). Distribution — Ecuador, French Guiana, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia), Bolivia.
 Anisopodus ligneus Bates, 1863: 287.
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., 2005, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae, pp. 1-760 in Zootaxa 1023 (1) on pages 1-760, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.946.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049553
Too cold is better than too hot: Preferred temperatures and basking behaviour in a tropical freshwater turtle
Creators: name: Kidman, RA
name: McKnight, Donald
name: Schwarzkopf, L
name: Nordberg, EJ
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 41
subject: Environmental sciences
classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 310304
subject: Freshwater ecology

description: Thermoregulation is critical to the survival of animals. Tropical environments can be particularly thermally challenging as they reach very high, even lethal, temperatures. The thermoregulatory responses of tropical freshwater turtles to these challenges are poorly known. One common thermoregulatory behaviour is diurnal basking, which, for many species, facilitates heat gain. Recently, however, a north-eastern Australian population of Krefft's river turtles (Emydura macquarii krefftii) has been observed basking nocturnally, possibly to allow cooling. To test this, we determined the thermal preference (central 50% of temperatures selected) of E. m. krefftii in an aquatic thermal gradient in the laboratory. We then conducted a manipulative experiment to test the effects of water temperatures, both lower and higher than preferred temperature, on diurnal and nocturnal basking. The preferred temperature range fell between 25.3°C (±SD: 1.5) and 27.6°C (±1.4) during the day, and 25.3°C (±2.4) and 26.8°C (±2.5) at night. Based on this, we exposed turtles to three 24 h water temperature treatments (‘cool’ [23°C], ‘preferred’ [26°C] and ‘warm’ [29°C]) while air temperature remained constant at 26°C. Turtles basked more frequently and for longer periods during both the day and night when water temperatures were above their preferred range (the ‘warm’ treatment). This population frequently encounters aquatic temperatures above the preferred thermal range, and our results support the hypothesis that nocturnal basking is a mechanism for escaping unfavourably warm water. Targeted field studies would be a valuable next step in understanding the seasonal scope of this behaviour in a natural environment.
Kantian constitutivism and the limits of agency
Creators: name: Frank, Michael Paul
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2025
Subjects: Immanuel Kant
Metaethics
Moral philosophy

description: The philosophical method referred to as constitutivism regards some norms as constitutive of the active exercise of a particular capacity. The distinctive feature of Korsgaard’s Self-Constitution Constitutivism (SCC) is the way that it explains and justifies normativity. The SCC theory treats the principle of practical reason as constitutive of the capacity for agency. While I take the SCC theory to be an ingenious attempt at providing an explanatory and justificatory ground for moral and non-moral normativity, the account it provides has come under criticism both from inside and outside the Kantian tradition. Those inside the Kantian tradition often criticize the view for its tendentious interpretation of practical reason. Those outside the Kantian tradition often criticize the view for offering an account of normativity that is insufficient to ground anything like categorical moral authority. As a Kantian, with broadly sympathetic constructivist leanings, I aim to answer the criticisms of those from outside the Kantian tradition by taking on board the criticisms of Kantians. Specifically, I address three core problems and themes. First, I look to the problem of motivational ambivalence. Second, I discuss the relational theory of value. And, third, I discuss the objection that constitutivism provides insufficient ground for categorical moral authority. I conclude by making a few suggestions that allow philosophers of different types to move past these debates. First, for philosophers who align with the SCC theory, I suggest that, instead of speaking of a unified capacity for rational agency, the theory would be better served by speaking of several capacities, each with their own rationally structured function. Second, for Kantians more broadly, I show what role constitutivism is playing in Kant’s practical philosophy. From this, it becomes clear that constitutivism cannot answer all metaethical questions.
An in-depth review of the evolution of integrated public policies to strength family farms in Brazil
Creators: name: Del Grossi, Mauro Eduardo
name: De Azevedo Marques, Vicente P.M.
name: Del Grossi, Mauro Eduardo
name: De Azevedo Marques, Vicente P.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: From 2003, the Zero Hunger Program and subsequently, in 2011, the Brazil Without Poverty Plan, marked a deliberate convergence of the purposes and actions focused on farmers and family farmers in Brazil. This allowed simultaneous access to social policies and polices focused on agriculture and livestock activities, through a permanent set of public policies, such as rural credit, climate and income insurance, technical assistance and commercialization. This happened in parallel to affirmative actions related to gender, ethnicity and rural youth. To deal with such complex themes such as eradicating hunger and extreme poverty, the Federal Government began to integrate traditionally independent actions and programs. The creation of institutional markets focused on family farming, such as the Program for Purchase of Food (PAA) and the National Program for School Meals (PNAE), is an example of combining public policies, such as social assistance, education, agriculture and land development. The creation of this integrated program was only made possible by the coordination and the strong commitment towards joint efforts by federal ministries and bodies, as well as the effective participation of state and municipal governments. The constant presence of organized civil society, with its councils and forums, and of the organized movements in the rural, helped to correct and increase the actions, and conferring legitimacy to the programs.
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4863e.pdf
Additional file 4 of Increased complement activation 3 to 6 h after trauma is a predictor of prolonged mechanical ventilation and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: a prospective observational study
Creators: name: Rognes, Ingrid Nygren
name: Pischke, Søren Erik
name: Ottestad, William
name: Røislien, Jo
name: Berg, Jens Petter
name: Johnson, Christina
name: Eken, Torsten
name: Mollnes, Tom Eirik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 4. Figure S2. Time to death.
A practical limitation for continuous-variable quantum cryptography using coherent states
Creators: name: Namiki, Ryo
name: Hirano, Takuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, first, we investigate the security of a continuous-variable quantum cryptographic scheme with a postselection process against individual beam splitting attack. It is shown that the scheme can be secure in the presence of the transmission loss owing to the postselection. Second, we provide a loss limit for continuous-variable quantum cryptography using coherent states taking into account excess Gaussian noise on quadrature distribution. Since the excess noise is reduced by the loss mechanism, a realistic intercept-resend attack which makes a Gaussian mixture of coherent states gives a loss limit in the presence of any excess Gaussian noise.
description: RevTeX4, 4 pages, 5 figures
Fano resonance in crossed carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Kim, Jinhee
name: Kim, Jae-Ryoung
name: Lee, Jeong-O
name: Park, Jong Wan
name: So, Hye Mi
name: Kim, Nam
name: Kang, Kicheon
name: Yoo, Kyung-Hwa
name: Kim, Ju-Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the observation of the resonant transport in multiwall carbon nanotubes in a crossed geometry. The resonant transport is manifested by an asymmetric peak in the differential conductance curve. The observed asymmetric conductance peak is well explained by Fano resonance originating from the scattering at the contact region of the two nanotubes. The conductance peak depends sensitively on the external magnetic field and exhibits Aharonov-Bohm-type oscillation.
description: 4 pages, 3 figure, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Cycling 11 as a step to align learning in secondary schools with learning in the ‘real world’
Creators: name: Dietrich, Darryl
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: “If we want young people with the competencies to innovate and make our economy more competitive, we need to model our schools after how innovation actually happens” ~Dr. Pasi Sahlberg (Finnish educator, scholar, and policy advisor) As I see it, the educational landscape in British Columbia, Canada is contradictory in its present state. Our education system, from the Ministry of Education at the top, down to teachers and students in classrooms, are not preparing students for success in the post-secondary world. There is a disconnect between how people learn after secondary school with how we expect them to learn while enrolled in school. The goal of this paper is threefold. Firstly, I will critically examine the existing frameworks for education in British Columbia, and propose changes that better align how people learn in formal and informal learning environments. Secondly, I will outline my epistemological stance, and discuss how it differs with the structures currently in place. Thirdly, a learning resource package for Cycling 11 – a new course curriculum written for the Vancouver School Board – will be proposed for educator use. Cycling 11 will be discussed throughout as it provides direct evidence of a solution to what I see as the problem in British Columbia schools.
Food security and adaptation impacts of potential climate smart agricultural practices in Zambia
Creators: name: Arslan, Aslihan
name: McCarthy, Nancy
name: Lipper, Leslie
name: Asfaw, Solomon
name: Cattaneo, Andrea
name: Kokwe, Misael
name: Arslan, Aslihan
name: McCarthy, Nancy
name: Lipper, Leslie
name: Asfaw, Solomon
name: Cattaneo, Andrea
name: Kokwe, Misael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Food Security and Poverty

description: This paper analyzes how a set of widely promoted agricultural practices, including reduced tillage, crop rotations, legume intercropping as well as the use of modern inputs, affect crop yields and their resilience (i.e. probability of disastrously low yields) in Zambia using panel data from the Rural Incomes and Livelihoods Surveys (RILS). The RILS data are merged with a novel set of climatic variables based on geo-referenced historical rainfall and temperature data to understand whether and how the effects of the practices analyzed here change with climatic conditions. We estimate the impacts on the level of maize yields and the probability of very low yields controlling for time invariant unobservable household characteristics. We find no significant impact of minimum soil disturbance, positive impact of legume intercropping and a negative impact of crop rotation on maize yields, which is off-set by a significantly positive impact under highly variable rainfall conditions. We also find that the average positive impacts of modern input use are conditioned by climatic variables, whereas that of legume intercropping is robust to shocks. Timely access to fertilizer is the most robust determinant of yields and resilience. This paper provides important insights into the interplay between food security outcomes and climatic variables, and provides policy implications for targeted interventions to improve the productivity and the resilience of smallholder agriculture in Zambia in the face of climate change.
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4305e.pdf
Food security impact of agricultural technology adoption under climate change. Micro-evidence from Niger
Creators: name: Asfaw, Solomon
name: Di Battista, Federica
name: Lipper, Leslie
name: Asfaw, Solomon
name: Di Battista, Federica
name: Lipper, Leslie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Food Security and Poverty

description: We assess farmers' incentives and the conditioning factors that hinder or promote adoption of agricultural technologies under climate risk and evaluate its impact on food security in Niger. We distinguish between (i) exposure to climatic disruptions, (ii) bio-physical sensitivity to such disruptions, (iii) household adaptive capacity in terms of farmers' ability to prepare and adjust to the resulting stress, and, finally, (iv) system-level adaptive capacity that serve as enabling factors for household-level adaptation. We employ multivariate probit and instrumental variable techniques to model the selection decisions and its impact. The results clearly indicate that while the use of modern inputs and organic fertilizers significantly improves crop productivity, results are unclear for the impact of crop residues. Results also show that factors driving modern input use are different than those of crop residues and organic fertilizer which can be characterized at low investment capital requirements, higher labour requirements and longer time for results versus modern inputs which can be characterized as higher investment capital requirements, less labour requirement and shorter time for returns. Exposure to climatic stress and bio-physical factors are identified as key factors that hinder or accelerate adoption. Results show that greater climate variability as represented by the coefficient of variation of rainfall and temperature and recent climate shocks as represented by average rainfall shortfall increases use of risk-reducing inputs such as crop residue, but reduce the use of modern inputs. Results also show the key role of system-level adaptive capacity in governing input use decision. For instance people who are close to extension offices and periodic markets are more likely to use modern inputs whereas those further away are more likely to use climate-smart agricultural inputs suggesting that role extension in promoting the use of modern inputs. Results presented have implications for understanding and overcoming barriers to selection for each practice, distinguishing structural aspects such as exposure and sensitivity from potential interventions at the household or system levels linked to adaptive capacity.
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4303e.pdf
Identifying the family farm. An informal discussion of the concepts and definitions
Creators: name: Garner, Elisabeth
name: De La O Campos, Ana Paula
name: Garner, Elisabeth
name: De La O Campos, Ana Paula
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Farm Management

description: The definition of family farm varies across countries and contexts. We reviewed 36 definitions and uses of the term 'family farm' by academics, government and civil society organisations that describe the characteristics that make family farms unique. After reviewing these concepts we conclude that the majority of definitions recognize the role of family labour and the role of the family in managing the farm operation. However, the notion of family farming seems to go beyond farming capacity, size and orientation. The term is sometimes also used to capture ecological, social, cultural and environmental objectives and therefore has close ties to the local culture and the rural community. This paper concludes that a uniform definition of the term 'family farm' is difficult because the term is not applicable to all contexts. Instead of a definition we propose a concept of the term that highlights the most defining characteristic of family farms - the reliance on family labour - and that recognizes the linkages between its agricultural functions and its economic, environmental, reproductive, social and cultural functions. The role of family farms in food security and rural development needs to be looked at from these perspectives. This definition is the following: 'Family Farming is a means of organizing agricultural, forestry, fisheries, pastoral and aquaculture production which is managed and operated by a family and predominantly reliant on family labour, both women's and men's. The family and the farm are linked, coevolve and combine economic, environmental, reproductive, social and cultural functions.'
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4306e.pdf
Microrheological approach for the viscoelastic response of gels
Creators: name: Rizzi, L. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper I present a simple and self-consistent framework based on microrheology that allows one to obtain the mechanical response of viscoelastic fluids and gels from the motion of probe particles immersed on it. By considering a non-markovian Langevin equation, I obtain general expressions for the mean-squared displacement and the time-dependent diffusion coefficient that are directly related to the memory kernels and the response function, and which allow one to obtain estimates for the complex shear modulus and the complex viscosity of the material. The usefulness of such approach is demonstrated by applying it to describe experimental data on chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide through its sol-gel transition.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Instruments evaluating the quality of the clinical learning environment in nursing education: An updated systematic review
Creators: name: Rajapaksha-Mudiyanselage, Ishanka
name: Hall, M
name: Shaw, Louise
name: Kiegaldie, D
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4204
subject: Midwifery
classificationCode: 3901
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy
classificationCode: 4205
subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objectives: The clinical learning environment offers meaningful learning opportunities for nursing students to apply theoretical knowledge to practice on actual or simulated patients. A previous systematic review assessed the quality of several instruments that evaluated the quality of clinical learning environments. This updated systematic review aimed to identify: any additional instruments that have been researched in the last 5 years, ii) the psychometric properties of available instruments and iii) the estimated comparable psychometric properties of the available instruments. Data sources: Medline, CINAHL and Cochrane databases Review methods: Databases were searched from January 2016 to January 2023. Studies were included if they: a) validated instruments evaluating the experience and quality of clinical learning environments; b) assessed the pre-licensure nursing student experience; c) were published in English; and d) were published after April 2016. Two independent reviewers conducted title and abstract screening, full text screening, data extraction and methodological quality assessment. Any disagreements were resolved by consensus. A summary of the findings was tabulated using the same format as the initial review. Results: An additional 18 studies were found, which used seven different clinical learning environment evaluation instruments. Internal consistency and structural validity were the most frequently reported psychometric properties. In almost all studies, methodology for these properties were of sufficient quality according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) tool evaluation. Other properties were inconsistently reported, with differing qualities in the methodology. Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher (CLES + T) remains the most translated and validated instrument across several countries. Conclusions: Instruments developed and validated using a systematic, transparent and high-quality methodology assist in accurately assessing the skills, attitudes and decision-making abilities of the preregistration level nursing student. These tools can be used in clinical placement accreditation and quality improvement of nursing education. The methodology for evaluation of the psychometric properties of instruments should be clearly described.
Entanglement characteristics of subharmonic modes reflected from cavity for type II second harmonic generation
Creators: name: Zhai, Zehui
name: Li, Yongming
name: Gao, Jiangrui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum fluctuation and quantum entanglement of the pump field reflected from an optical cavity for type II second harmonic generation are theoretically analyzed. The correlation spectra between the quadratures of the reflected subharmonic fields are interpreted in terms of pump parameter, intracavity losses and normalized frequency. Large correlation degrees of both amplitude and phase quadratures can be accessed in a triple resonant cavity before the pitchfork bifurcation occurs. The two reflected subharmonic fields are in an entangled state with the quantum correlation of phase quadratures and anticorrelation of amplitude quadratures. The proposed system can be exploited to be a new source generating entangled states of continuous variables.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures. submitted to Physical Review A
Additional file 5 of Increased complement activation 3 to 6 h after trauma is a predictor of prolonged mechanical ventilation and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: a prospective observational study
Creators: name: Rognes, Ingrid Nygren
name: Pischke, Søren Erik
name: Ottestad, William
name: Røislien, Jo
name: Berg, Jens Petter
name: Johnson, Christina
name: Eken, Torsten
name: Mollnes, Tom Eirik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 5. Table S2. Correlation analyses.
The Wholesale Food Marketing Facilities at Grand Rapids, Michigan
Creators: name: Clowes, Harry G.
name: Utter, Kenneth
name: Clowes, Harry G.
name: Utter, Kenneth
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1958
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpts from the study: The study that is the basis of this report was started in the spring of 1955 at the request of the Grand Rapids Chamber of Commerce "Agri-Hort" Committee, Wholesale Market Subcommittee. The Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University, and the Kent County Extension Service cooperated in the collection of data. This study of the facilities for handling the major food commodities at wholesale in Grand Rapids is part of a broad program of research to reduce costs of marketing farm products. The study had the following objectives: 1. To analyze the present wholesale food marketing situation in Grand Rapids and to ascertain the adequacy of present facilities in the light of present and future needs. 2. To suggest and describe new marketing facilities adequate to provide efficient marketing for Grand Rapids' food supplies. 3. To estimate costs of construction and possible operating expenses and sources of income of the proposed new food marketing facilities. 4. To estimate the potential benefits to be obtained from construction of a new and modern food center.
Transportation cost inequalities for stochastic reaction-diffusion equations with Lévy noises and non-Lipschitz reaction terms
Creators: name: Ma, Yutao
name: Wang, Ran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A35, 60E15

description: For stochastic reaction-diffusion equations with Lévy noises and non-Lipschitz reaction terms, we prove that $W_1H$ transportation cost inequalities hold for their invariant probability measures and for their process-level laws on the path space with respect to the $L^1$-metric. The proofs are based on the Galerkin approximations.
description: 16 pages
The challenges of managing agricultural price and production risks in sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Antonaci, Lavinia
name: Demeke, Mulat
name: Vezzani, Antonio
name: Antonaci, Lavinia
name: Demeke, Mulat
name: Vezzani, Antonio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Food Security and Poverty

description: Agricultural production is prone to several risks which affect both producers and consumers. In order to enhance investment and achieve a sustained increase in production, coherent and integrated long-term strategies and policies are required to reduce risk aversion and build resilience among African rural producers. Furthermore, the critical importance of social protection and its complementarity to risk management initiatives must be recognised. This paper investigates possible tools and instruments to deal with various production and price risks. Market-based approaches are crucial for risk management options to thrive, but the country experiences examined have highlighted that most of the risk management instruments are not in place or are not fully developed in Sub-Saharan Africa. Farmers are not protected against production and price shocks and this underscores the critical role of governments in agricultural risk management. In view of the high correlation between production, price and market risks, African governments need to adopt an integrated and holistic approach in support of risk management interventions through incentives and by strengthening agricultural markets and financial institutions. Risk management tools need to be mainstreamed into agricultural policies and programmes as currently advocated by the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) Planning and Coordination Agency (NPCA).
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3907e.pdf