cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Previously Undiagnosed HIV Infections Identified Through Cluster Investigation, North Carolina, 2002–2007
Creators: name: Cadwell, Betsy L.
name: Leone, Peter
name: Fleischauer, Aaron T.
name: Moore, Zack S.
name: Dailey Garnes, Natalie J.M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: During cluster investigation, index patients name social contacts that are not sex or drug-sharing partners. The likelihood of identifying new HIV infections among social contacts is unknown. We hypothesized greater odds of identifying new infections among social contacts identified by men who report sex with men (MSM). We reviewed North Carolina HIV diagnoses during 2002–2005 and used logistic regression to compare testing results among social contacts of MSM, men who report sex with women only (MSW) and women. HIV was newly diagnosed among 54/601 (9.0%) social contacts tested named by MSM, 16/522 (3.1%) named by MSW, and 23/639 (3.6%) named by women. Compared with those named by MSW, odds of new HIV diagnosis were greater among MSM social contacts (adjusted odds ratio: 2.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.3–4.7). Testing social contacts identified previously undiagnosed HIV infections and could provide an opportunity to interrupt transmission.
Sexual Behaviors of US Women at Risk of HIV Acquisition: A Longitudinal Analysis of Findings from HPTN 064
Creators: name: Hughes, J.
name: Kuo, I.
name: El-Sadr, W. M.
name: Soto-Torres, L.
name: Befus, M.
name: Haley, D. F.
name: del Rio, C.
name: Mannheimer, S.
name: Adimora, A. A.
name: Wang, J.
name: Justman, J.
name: Golin, C. E.
name: Rompalo, A.
name: Hodder, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: We describe the sexual behaviors of women at elevated risk of HIV acquisition who reside in areas of high HIV prevalence and poverty in the US. Participants in HPTN 064, a prospective HIV incidence study, provided information about participants’ sexual behaviors and male sexual partners in the past 6 months at baseline, 6- and 12-months. Independent predictors of consistent or increased temporal patterns for three high-risk sexual behaviors were assessed separately: exchange sex, unprotected anal intercourse [UAI] and concurrent partnerships. The baseline prevalence of each behavior was >30% among the 2,099 participants, 88% reported partner(s) with > one HIV risk characteristic and both individual and partner risk characteristics decreased over time. Less than high school education and food insecurity predicted consistent/increased engagement in exchange sex and UAI, and partner's concurrency predicted participant concurrency. Our results demonstrate how interpersonal and social factors may influence sustained high-risk behavior by individuals and suggest that further study of the economic issues related to HIV risk could inform future prevention interventions.
Eigenvalue estimates for a class of elliptic differential operators in divergence form on Riemannian manifolds isometrically immersed in Euclidean space
Creators: name: Filho, Marcio C. Araújo
name: Gomes, José N. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 47A75, Secondary 47F05, 35P15, 53C25

description: In this paper, we obtain eigenvalue estimates for a larger class of elliptic differential operators in divergence form on a bounded domain in a complete Riemannian manifold isometrically immersed in Euclidean space. As an application, we give eigenvalue estimates in the Gaussian shrinking soliton, and we find a domain that makes the behavior of these estimates similar to the estimates for the case of the Laplacian. Moreover, we also give an answer to the generalized conjecture of Pólya.
description: Final version which has been accepted for publication in Zeitschrift f\"ur Angewandte Mathematik und Physik
STI/HIV Sexual Risk Behavior and Prevalent STI Among Incarcerated African American Men in Committed Partnerships: The Significance of Poverty, Mood Disorders, and Substance Use
Creators: name: Friedman, S. R.
name: Judon-Monk, S.
name: Oza, K. K.
name: Khan, M. R.
name: Golin, C. E.
name: Myers, D.
name: Adimora, A. A.
name: Dockery, G.
name: Scheidell, J. D.
name: Medina, K. P.
name: Griffin, S.
name: Hobbs, M. M.
name: Hu, H.
name: Wohl, D. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: African Americans face disproportionate sexually transmitted infection including HIV (STI/HIV), with those passing through a correctional facility at heightened risk. There is a need to identify modifiable STI/HIV risk factors among incarcerated African Americans. Project DISRUPT is a cohort study of incarcerated African American men recruited from September 2011 through January 2014 from prisons in North Carolina who were in committed partnerships with women at prison entry (N=207). During the baseline (in-prison) study visit, participants responded to a risk behavior survey and provided a urine specimen, which was tested for STIs. Substantial proportions reported multiple partnerships (42%), concurrent partnerships (33%), and buying sex (11%) in the six months before incarceration, and 9% tested positive for an STI at baseline (chlamydia: 5.3%, gonorrhea: 0.5%, trichomoniasis: 4.9%). Poverty and depression appeared to be strongly associated with sexual risk behaviors. Substance use was linked to prevalent STI, with binge drinking the strongest independent risk factor (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.79, 95% CI: 1.19–12.04). There is a continued need for improved prison-based STI testing, treatment, and prevention education as well as mental health and substance use diagnosis.
Strategies for Recruiting Steady Male Partners of Female Sex Workers for HIV Research
Creators: name: Barrington, Clare
name: Perez, Martha
name: Fleming, Paul J.
name: Donastorg, Yeycy
name: Kerrigan, Deanna
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Steady male partners of female sex workers (FSW) are a key population for HIV prevention, but researchers face challenges finding and recruiting this population. We conducted forty in-depth interviews with FSW and steady male partners of FSW in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic about how to engage steady male partners in HIV research. Participants cautioned that male partners might be unwilling to participate because of discomfort disclosing intimate information and cultural norms of masculinity. They recommended inviting male partners to research offices, instead of venue-based recruitment, because it was more private and trust-promoting. Most participants suggested that FSW could refer their partners or men could refer their friends who have FSW partners. Participants emphasized that referrals could break down trust-related barriers that prevent male partners from participating. Establishing an environment of respect and trust in the research setting can aid referral processes as individuals who participate communicate their positive experiences to their networks.
Magnetic Wells in Dimension Three
Creators: name: Helffer, Bernard
name: Kordyukov, Yuri
name: Raymond, Nicolas
name: Ngoc, San Vu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper deals with semiclassical asymptotics of the three-dimensional magnetic Laplacian in presence of magnetic confinement. Using generic assumptions on the geometry of the confinement, we exhibit three semiclassical scales and their corresponding effective quantum Hamiltonians, by means of three microlocal normal forms à la Birkhoff. As a consequence, when the magnetic field admits a unique and non degenerate minimum, we are able to reduce the spectral analysis of the low-lying eigenvalues to a one-dimensional $\hbar$-pseudo-differential operator whose Weyl's symbol admits an asymptotic expansion in powers of $\hbar^{\frac1 2}$.
title: Evaluation of advanced virtual monoenergetic images of tiny vessels computed tomography angiography in femoral heads
Creators: name: Wu, Yan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Vascular
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Objective : To compare the image quality of advanced virtual monoenergetic images with the non-linearly blending images from dual-energy CT angiography of tiny vesselsinfemoral...
Separating the impact of nuclear skin and nuclear deformation in high-energy isobar collisions
Creators: name: Jia, Jiangyong
name: Giacalone, Giuliano
name: Zhang, Chunjian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bulk nuclear structure properties, such as radii and deformations, leave distinct signatures in the final state of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Isobaric collisions offer an easy route to establish explicit connections between the colliding nuclei's structure and the observable outcomes. Here, we investigate the effects of nuclear skin thickness and nuclear deformations on the elliptic flow ($v_2$) and its fluctuations in high-energy $^{96}$Ru+$^{96}$Ru and $^{96}$Zr+$^{96}$Zr collisions. Our findings reveal that the difference in skin thickness between these isobars only influences the inherent ellipticity of the collision systems, $v_2^{\mathrm{rp}}$. In contrast, differences in nuclear deformations solely impact the fluctuations of $v_2$ around $v_2^{\mathrm{rp}}$. Hence, we have identified a data-driven method to disentangle the effects of nuclear skin and nuclear deformations, marking a significant step toward assessing the consistency of nuclear phenomena across energy scales.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures plus an appendix
Additional file 1 of Assessment of the effects of dexmedetomidine on outcomes of traumatic brain injury using propensity score analysis
Creators: name: Xu, Jinbu
name: Xiao, Qing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Characteristics of propensity score-matched data. Table S2. Characteristics of inverse probability-weighted data. Table S3. Incidence of hypotension, occurrence of infection and seizure in unmatched data and propensity score matched data.
Trauma, stressful life events and depression predict HIV-related fatigue
Creators: name: Pence, B. W.
name: Harmon, J. L.
name: Salahuddin, N.
name: Barroso, J.
name: Leserman, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Despite the fact that fatigue is a common and debilitating symptom among HIV-infected persons, we know little about the predictors of fatigue in this population. The goal of this cross-sectional study was to examine the effects of early childhood trauma, recent stressful life events and depression on intensity and impairment of fatigue in HIV, over and above demographic factors and clinical characteristics. We studied 128 HIV-infected men and women from one southern state. The median number of childhood traumatic events was two and participants tended to have at least one moderate recent stressful event. Multiple regression findings showed that patients with less income, more childhood trauma, more recent stressful events and more depressive symptoms had greater fatigue intensity and fatigue-related impairment in daily functioning. Recent stresses were a more powerful predictor of fatigue than childhood trauma. None of the disease-related measures (e.g. CD4, viral load, antiretroviral medication) predicted fatigue. Although stress and trauma have been related to fatigue in other populations, this is the first study to examine the effects of traumatic and recent stressful life events on fatigue in an HIV-infected sample.
(101037) Francis (Frank) Fedden
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(101039) Henry Fedden
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A systematic review comparing antiretroviral adherence descriptive and intervention studies conducted in the USA
Creators: name: Chang, Yunkyung
name: Sandelowski, Margarete
name: Voils, Corrine I.
name: Lee, Eun Jeong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: We examined the extent to which studies aimed at testing interventions to improve antiretroviral adherence have targeted the facilitators of and barriers known to affect adherence. Of the 88 reports reviewed, 41 were reports of descriptive studies conducted with U.S. HIV-positive women and 47 were reports of intervention studies conducted with U.S. HIV-positive persons. We extracted from the descriptive studies all findings addressing any factor linked to antiretroviral adherence and from the intervention studies, information on the nature of the intervention, the adherence problem targeted, the persons targeted for the intervention, and the intervention outcomes desired. We discerned congruence between the prominence of substance abuse as a factor identified in the descriptive studies as a barrier to adherence and its prominence as the problem most addressed in those reports of intervention studies that specified the problems targeted for intervention. We also discerned congruence between the prominence of family and provider support as factors identified in the descriptive studies as facilitators of adherence and the presence of social support as an intervention component and outcome variable. Less discernible in the reports of intervention studies was specific attention to other factors prominent in the descriptive studies, which may be due to the complex nature of the problem, individualistic and rationalist slant of interventions, or simply the ways interventions were presented. Our review raises issues about niche standardization and intervention tailoring, targeting, and fidelity.
Effects of discretization on viscosity in the necklace model
Creators: name: Mártin, D. A.
name: Aldao, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The consequences of discretization on the resulting viscosity for the necklace model are analyzed to find out the mechanisms by which this model leads to results different from what could be anticipated. In order to accomplish this, various models of increasing complexity are proposed. First, the effects of the jump distance and temporal discretizations are studied. Then, the lack of proportionality between the length and the mass of the chains and the fact that chains do not perform a random walk are analyzed. Knowing of these influences on the viscosity, we finally address the effect of length fluctuations. It is shown that fluctuations can have unexpected effects that lead to larger or smaller values of viscosity. The simplicity of the studied models allows us to quantify the effects of discretization and fluctuations, effects that can be present in other models of similar or larger complexity.
MPEC 2024-R192 : 2024 RX7
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 RX7

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Barriers and facilitators to HIV testing and linkage to primary care: narratives of people with advanced HIV in the Southeast
Creators: name: Strauss, Ronald P.
name: Leone, Peter A.
name: Eron, Joseph J.
name: MacDonald, Pia D.M.
name: Miller, William C.
name: Hurt, Christopher B.
name: McCoy, Sandra I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Persons with unrecognized HIV infection forgo timely clinical intervention and may unknowingly transmit HIV to partners. However, in the United States, unrecognized infection and late diagnosis are common. To understand barriers and facilitators to HIV testing and care, we conducted a qualitative study of 24 HIV infected persons attending a Southeastern HIV clinic who presented with clinically advanced illness. The primary barrier to HIV testing prior to diagnosis was perception of risk; consequently, most participants were diagnosed after the onset of clinical symptoms. While most patients were anxious to initiate care rapidly after diagnosis, some felt frustrated by the passive process of connecting to specialty care. The first visit with an HIV care provider was identified as critical in the coping process for many patients. Implications for the implementation of recent CDC HIV routine screening guidelines are discussed.
title: Correlation between bowel wall features and mesenteric involvement on 750 MR enterography studies in patients affected by Crohn’s disease
Creators: name: Terranova, Maria Chiara
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Small bowel
subject: MR
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Abscess delineation
subject: Colonography MR
subject: Inflammation

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Crohn’s Disease (CD) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease of the gut, which can potentially involve the entire gastrointestinal tract, but most commonly involves the terminal ileum [1]. It is characterized by granulomatous autoimmune...
(101040) William Maggs
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Hamiltonian approach to Ehrenfest expectation values and Gaussian quantum states
Creators: name: Bonet-Luz, Esther
name: Tronci, Cesare
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of quantum expectation values is considered in a geometric setting. First, expectation values of the canonical operators are shown to be equivariant momentum maps for the action of the Heisenberg group on quantum states. Then, the Hamiltonian structure of Ehrenfest's theorem is shown to be Lie-Poisson for a semidirect-product Lie group, named the `Ehrenfest group'. The underlying Poisson structure produces classical and quantum mechanics as special limit cases. In addition, quantum dynamics is expressed in the frame of the expectation values, in which the latter undergo canonical Hamiltonian motion. In the case of Gaussian states, expectation values dynamics couples to second-order moments, which also enjoy a momentum map structure. Eventually, Gaussian states are shown to possess a Lie-Poisson structure associated to another semidirect-product group, which is called the Jacobi group. This structure produces the energy-conserving variant of a class of Gaussian moment models previously appeared in the chemical physics literature.
description: 15 pages, no figures. Typos fixed
Social support and delays seeking care after HIV diagnosis, North Carolina, 2000–2006
Creators: name: Miller, William C.
name: McCoy, Sandra I.
name: MacDonald, Pia D.M.
name: Strauss, Ronald P.
name: Leone, Peter A.
name: Eron, Joseph J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Many adults in the United States enter primary care late in the course of HIV infection, countering the clinical benefits of timely HIV services and missing opportunities for risk reduction. Our objective was to determine if perceived social support was associated with delay entering care after an HIV diagnosis. Two hundred sixteen patients receiving primary care at a large, university-based HIV outpatient clinic in North Carolina were included in the study. Dimensions of functional social support (emotional/informational, tangible, affectionate and positive social interaction) were quantified with a modified Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale and included in proportional hazard models to determine their effect on delays seeking care. The median delay between diagnosis and entry to primary care was 5.9 months. Levels of social support were high but only positive social interaction was moderately associated with delayed presentation in adjusted models. The effect of low perceived positive social interaction on the time to initiation of primary care differed by history of alcoholism (no history of alcoholism, hazard ratio (HR): 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88, 2.34; history of alcoholism, HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.40, 1.28). Ensuring timely access to HIV care remains a challenge in the southeastern United States. Affectionate, tangible, and emotional/informational social support were not associated with the time from diagnosis to care. The presence of positive social interaction may be an important factor influencing care seeking behavior after diagnosis.
Factors associated with self-reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy in a Tanzanian setting
Creators: name: Golin, Carol E.
name: Bangdiwala, Shrikant I.
name: Watt, Melissa H.
name: Maman, Suzanne
name: Earp, Jo Anne
name: Jacobson, Mark
name: Eng, Eugenia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: This study aimed to determine the level of antiretroviral (ART) adherence and factors associated with adherence among patients receiving free ART at one clinic in Tanzania. Adult patients were recruited into the cross-sectional study and completed a survey that included self-reported adherence over four days and over one month. Less than 95% adherence on either measure was considered “poor”. Factors associated with adherence in unadjusted analyses (α=0.10) were included in a logistic regression model. 340 patients participated in the study, and 5.9% (20/340) reported poor adherence. The final model found poor adherence associated with: being young (OR=4.03) or old (OR=6.68); having lower perceived quality of patient-provider interaction (OR=2.75); and ever missing a clinic appointment (OR=3.13). Results highlight good adherence, but suggest the importance of addressing: 1) age-specific challenges of adherence through counseling and support; 2) client-focused care and quality of patient-provider interaction; and 3) clinic appointment reminder systems.
Additional file 1 of Systematic review of the utility of the frailty index and frailty phenotype to predict all-cause mortality in older people
Creators: name: Kim, Dani J.
name: Massa, M. Sofia
name: Potter, Caroline M.
name: Clarke, Robert
name: Bennett, Derrick A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table 1. PRIMSA checklist. Table 2. Sample search strategy and results (MEDLINE OVID). Table 3. SIGN Methodology Checklist 3: Cohort studies. Table 4. Data extraction forms. Table 5. Rationale for SIGN checklist rating. Table 6. Characteristics of individual studies with data on FI. Table 7. Characteristics of individual studies with data on FP. Table 8. Rationale given by authors for continuous and categorical labels. Table 9. Details of the frailty phenotype (FP). Table 10. Details of the frailty index (FI). Table 11. Domains included in the FI. Figure 1. Plot of discriminative ability as assessed by Area Under the Curve (AUC) against number of events by methodological quality. Figure 2. Discriminative ability as assessed by Area Under the Curve (AUC) for Frailty Index (FI) continuous instruments arranged by total number of domains. Figure 3. Discriminative ability as assessed by Area Under the Curve (AUC) for Frailty Index (FI) categorical instruments.
Stigma as experienced by women accessing prevention of parent-to-child transmission of HIV services in Karnataka, India
Creators: name: Cohen, Craig R.
name: Sreenivas, Amita
name: Turan, Janet M.
name: Rahangdale, Lisa
name: Banandur, Pradeep
name: Washington, Reynold
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: In Karnataka, India only one-third of HIV-infected pregnant women received antiretroviral prophylaxis at delivery in 2007 through the state government’s prevention of parent-to-child HIV transmission (PPTCT) program. The current qualitative study explored the role of HIV-associated stigma as a barrier to accessing PPTCT services in the rural northern Karnataka district of Bagalkot using in depth interviews and focus group discussions with HIV-infected women who had participated in the PPTCT program, male and female family members, and HIV service providers. Participants discussed personal experiences, community perceptions of HIV, and decision-making related to accessing PPTCT services. They described stigma towards HIV-infected individuals from multiple sources: healthcare workers, community members, family and self. Stigma-related behaviors were based on fears of HIV transmission through personal contact and moral judgment. Experience and/or fears of discrimination led pregnant women to avoid using PPTCT interventions. Government, cultural and historical factors are described as the roots of much the stigma-related behavior in this setting. Based on these formative data, PPTCT program planners should consider further research and interventions aimed at diminishing institutional and interpersonal HIV-associated stigma experienced by pregnant women.
title: Postoperative validation of finger fracture using tomosynthesis: is there an added value?
Creators: name: Frauenfelder, Thomas
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Extremities
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Trauma
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Technology assessment

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Background: Clinical standard for postoperative assessment after implantation of osteosynthesis material (OSM) (in wrist and hand fractures typically Kirschner wires, plates with screws or screws only) is conventional radiography (CR). CR...
Geometric optics approximation for the Einstein vacuum equations
Creators: name: Touati, Arthur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show the stability of the geometric optics approximation in general relativity by constructing a family $(g_λ)_{λ\in(0,1]}$ of high-frequency metrics solutions to the Einstein vacuum equations in 3+1 dimensions without any symmetry assumptions. In the limit $λ\to 0$ this family approaches a fixed background $g_0$ solution of the Einstein-null dust system, illustrating the backreaction phenomenon. We introduce a precise second order high-frequency ansatz and identify a generalised wave gauge as well as polarization conditions at each order. The validity of our ansatz is ensured by a weak polarized null condition satisfied by the quadratic non-linearity in the Ricci tensor. The Einstein vacuum equations for $g_λ$ are recast as a hierarchy of transport and wave equations, and their coupling induces a loss of derivatives. In order to solve it, we take advantage of a null foliation associated to $g_0$ as well as a Fourier cut-off adapted to our ansatz. The construction of high-frequency initial data solving the constraint equations is the content of our companion paper \cite{Touati2023a}.
description: 76 pages, corresponds to the final version accepted in CMP, note the change of title
Energy transfer in simple and active binary fluid turbulence {\bf {-}} a false friend of incompressible MHD turbulence
Creators: name: Pan, Nandita
name: Banerjee, Supratik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inertial range energy transfer in three dimensional fully developed binary fluid turbulence is studied under the assumption of statistical homogeneity. Using two point statistics, exact relations corresponding to the energy cascade are derived (i) in terms of two-point increments and (ii) two-point correlators. Despite having some apparent resemblances, the exact relation in binary fluid turbulence is found to be different from that of the incompressible MHD turbulence (Politano and Pouquet, GRL, 1998). Besides the usual direct cascade of energy, under certain situations, an inverse cascade of energy is also speculated depending upon the strength of the activity parameter and the interplay between the two-point increments of the fluid velocity and the composition gradient fields. An alternative form of the exact relation is also derived in terms of the `upsilon' variables and a subsequent phenomenology is also proposed predicting a $k^{-{3}/{2}}$ law for the turbulent energy spectrum.
The complexity of consent: women's experiences testing for HIV at an antenatal clinic in Durban, South Africa
Creators: name: Makhanya, Nduduzo
name: Msomi, Sibekezelo
name: Moodley, Dhayendre
name: Maman, Suzanne
name: Groves, Allison K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Informed consent has historically been a cornerstone to ensuring autonomy during HIV testing. However, recent changes to global guidance on HIV testing have led to substantial debate on what policy provisions are necessary to ensure that consent remains meaningful in the context of testing. Despite disproportionate rates of testing during pregnancy, pregnant women's perspectives on the HIV testing process are underrepresented in the testing discourse. This study explores women's experiences with HIV testing and the consent process in a public antenatal clinic in South Africa. Qualitative interviews with 25 women were conducted at the clinic at either an antenatal visit or an infant immunization visit that followed HIV testing. Interviews were transcribed, translated, and coded for analysis. Women were categorized into one of the three groups based on their perceptions of choice in consenting for an HIV test. Matrices were used to allow for cross-category and cross-case comparison. Half of the women described having a clear choice in their decision to test. Others were less clear about their choice. Some women felt they had no choice in testing for HIV. None of the women stated that they were tested without having signed a consent form. We found that half of the women's narratives illustrated direct and indirect ways in which providers coerced them into taking an HIV test while receiving antenatal care. As the new guidance on HIV testing is implemented in different settings, it is critical to monitor women's testing experiences to ensure that a woman's right to make an informed, voluntary choice is not violated. Furthermore, models of testing that allow us to meet broader public health goals while simultaneously respecting women's autonomy are needed.
(101038) Louisa Fedden
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: UTE-T2* relaxation time in Achilles tendinopathy and healthy controls and correlation with clinical score
Creators: name: Qiao, Yang
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Soft tissues / Skin
subject: Contrast agents
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Achilles tendinopathy, a syndrome with Achilles tendon(AT) pain, tenderness and swelling that limited the tendon function is one of the most common injures and the prevalence increased in the last decades. [1][2] Nowadays, due to a higher...
Cluster gas fraction as a test of gravity
Creators: name: Li, Baojiu
name: He, Jian-hua
name: Gao, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new cosmological test of gravity, by using the observed mass fraction of X-ray emitting gas in massive galaxy clusters. The cluster gas fraction, believed to be a fair sample of the average baryon fraction in the Universe, is a well-understood observable, which has previously mainly been used to constrain background cosmology. In some modified gravity models, such as $f(R)$ gravity, gas temperature in a massive cluster is determined by the effective mass of that cluster, which can be larger than its true mass. On the other hand, X-ray luminosity is determined by the true gas density, which in both modified gravity and $Λ$CDM models depends mainly on $Ω_{\rm b}/Ω_{\rm m}$ and hence the true total cluster mass. As a result, the standard practice of combining gas temperatures and X-ray surface brightnesses of clusters to infer their gas fractions can, in modified gravity models, lead to a larger - in $f(R)$ gravity this can be $1/3$ larger - value of $Ω_{\rm b}/Ω_{\rm m}$ than that inferred from other observations such as the CMB. A quick calculation shows that the Hu-Sawicki $n=1$ $f(R)$ model with $|\bar{f}_{R0}|=3\sim5\times10^{-5}$ is in tension with the gas fraction data of the 42 clusters analysed by Allen et al. (2008). We also discuss the implications for other modified gravity models.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
title: Enhancement pattern of contrast-enhanced fluid attenuated inversion recovery and T1-weighted imaging for primary central nervous system lymphoma: preliminary study
Creators: name: Suh, Sangil
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR
subject: Imaging sequences

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is a special inversion recovery pulse sequence with a long repetition time (TR) and echo time (TE), and an inversion time (TI) that effectively nulls signals from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Many...
Complexity of Gaussian random fields with isotropic increments: critical points with given indices
Creators: name: Auffinger, Antonio
name: Zeng, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the landscape complexity of the Hamiltonian $X_N(x) +\frac\mu2 \|x\|^2,$ where $X_{N}$ is a smooth Gaussian process with isotropic increments on $\mathbb R^{N}$. This model describes a single particle on a random potential in statistical physics. We derive asymptotic formulas for the mean number of critical points of index $k$ with critical values in an open set as the dimension $N$ goes to infinity. In a companion paper, we provide the same analysis without the index constraint.
description: Submission arXiv:2007.07668 was updated and split into two articles. This submission corresponds to the second part of arXiv:2007.07668v2. 50 pages
(101034) Mary Anne Fedden
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Association of ongoing drug and alcohol use with non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy and higher risk of AIDS and death: results from ACTG 362
Creators: name: Williams, Paige L.
name: Jiang, Hongyu
name: Cohn, Susan E.
name: Currier, Judith S.
name: Robertson, Kevin R.
name: Koletar, Susan L.
name: McCutchan, J. Allen
name: Murphy, Robert L.
name: De St. Maurice, Annabelle M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Drug and alcohol use have been associated with a worse prognosis in short-term and cross-sectional analyses of HIV-infected populations, but longitudinal effects on adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and clinical outcomes in advanced AIDS are less well characterized. We assessed self-reported drug and alcohol use in AIDS patients, and examined their association with non-adherence and death or disease progression in a multicenter observational study. We defined non-adherence as reporting missed ART doses in the 48 hours before study visits. The association between drug use and ART non-adherence was evaluated using repeated measures generalized estimating equation (GEE) models. The association between drug and alcohol use and time to new AIDS diagnosis or death was evaluated via Cox regression models, controlling for covariates including ART adherence. Of 643 participants enrolled between 1997–1999 and followed through 2007, at entry 39% reported ever using cocaine, 24% amphetamines, and 10% heroin. Ongoing drug use during study follow-up was reported by 9% using cocaine, 4% amphetamines, and 1% heroin. Hard drug (cocaine, amphetamines, or heroin) users had 2.1 times higher odds (p=0.001) of ART non-adherence in GEE models and 2.5 times higher risk (p=0.04) of AIDS progression or death in Cox models. Use of hard drugs was attenuated as a risk factor for AIDS progression or death after controlling for non-adherence during follow-up (HR=2.11, p=0.08), but was still suggestive of a possible adherence-independent mechanism of harm. This study highlights the need to continuously screen and treat patients for drug use as a part of ongoing HIV care.
Quantum Griffiths inequalities
Creators: name: Miyao, Tadahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general framework of Griffiths inequalities for quantum systems. Our approach is based on operator inequalities associated with self-dual cones and provides a consistent viewpoint of the Griffiths inequality. As examples, we discuss the quantum Ising model, quantum rotor model, Bose--Hubbard model, Hubbard model, and spin-1/2 quantum Heisenberg model. We present a model-independent structure that governs the correlation inequalities.
description: Revised and improved version, to appear in J. Stat. Phys
Additional file 1 of Strengthening Mental Abilities with Relational Training (SMART) in multiple sclerosis (MS): study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Golijani-Moghaddam, Nima
name: Dawson, David L.
name: Evangelou, Nikos
name: Turton, James
name: Hawton, Annie
name: Law, Graham R.
name: Roche, Bryan
name: Rowan, Elise
name: Burge, Rupert
name: Frost, Alexandra C.
name: das Nair, Roshan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1. Template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist for the SMART MS intervention.
title: Characteristics, trends, and quality of systematic review and meta-analysis in general radiology research between 2007 and 2015
Creators: name: Park, Ju Yong
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Thorax
subject: Computer applications
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Statistics

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Systematic review includes identification and screening of relevant research articles, review and analysis data from screened research to evaluate the effects of therapeutic interventions or the accuracy of diagnostic tests. Meta-analysis is a kind...
title: Ms
Creators: name: Beecher, Donal
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Radiation physics
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Thorax
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Radiation safety

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The Influence of Source-to-Image Distance on Effective Dose and Image Quality for Mobile Chest X-ray Imaging In radiology examination routine, mobile chest x-rays are the most prevalent tool for monitoring a patient’s condition in ICUs, wards and...
(101035) Clara Fedden
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Dynamic cardiac CT in acute exacerbation of COPD: a novel technique to detect undiagnosed cardiac disease
Creators: name: McCusker, Mark
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cardiac
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Lung
subject: CT
subject: CT-Quantitative
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Experimental investigations

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Cardiovascular disease and cardiac dysfunction are frequently associated with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) (1), and comorbid cardiac disease is associated with increased mortality during AECOPD (2,3). However...
Changes and correlates in multiple sexual partnerships among Chinese adult women – population-based surveys in 2000 and 2006
Creators: name: Smith, Kumi
name: Yingying, Huang
name: Suiming, Pan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The sexual transmission of HIV and STI is becoming a major public health concern in China. However, studies on sexuality in China remain scant, particularly those that analyze female sexuality. This study is to investigate the prevalence of multiple sexual partnerships among adult women, and to examine trends and correlates for having more than one lifetime sexual partner.