cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A search for counterparts to massive X-ray binaries using photometric catalogues
Creators: name: Negueruela, Ignacio
name: Schurch, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) INTEGRAL has discovered large numbers of new hard X-ray sources, many of which are believed to be high mass X-ray binaries. However, for a significant fraction, their counterparts remain unidentified. We explore the use of photometric catalogues to find optical counterparts to high mass X-ray binaries. Candidates were selected from 2MASS photometry by means of a reddening free Q parameter. Sufficiently bright candidates were spectroscopically observed. Many of the candidates selected turned out to be moderately reddened late A or early F stars, but our method is able to identify the counterpart to IGR J16207-5129, confirmed by a Chandra localisation. We classify this object as a B0 supergiant. In the field of AX J1820.5-1434, we find a mid or early B-type star, but we cannot confirm it as the counterpart. For AX J1700.2-4220, we do not find any suitable candidate within the ASCA error circle. We classify HD 153295, a marginal candidate to be the counterpart, as B0.5IVe, and find a distance compatible with membership in Sco OB1. We derive a spectral type B0IIIe for HD100199, previously identified as the counterpart to IGR J11305-6256. In the case of IGR J17091-3624, the object associated with a variable radio source in the field is a late F star. The procedure used is able to correctly identify OB stars and, in about one third of the cases, may lead to the localisation of the correct counterpart. However, the majority of INTEGRAL error circles do not contain any suitable optically visible counterpart. Deep infrared searches are going to be necessary in order to locate the counterparts to these sources.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures; Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics (Sept 25th)
Identifying the mediators of intracellular E. coli inactivation under UVA light: the (photo)Fenton process and singlet oxygen.
Creators: name: Giannakis, Stefanos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 401199
subject: Environmental engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Pre-proof versionSolar disinfection (SODIS) was probed for its underlying mechanism. When Escherichia coli was exposed to UVA irradiation, the dominant solar fraction acting in SODIS process, cells exhibited a shoulder before death ensued. This profile resembles cell killing by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Indeed, the use of specialized strains revealed that UVA exposure triggers intracellular H2O2 formation. The resultant H2O2 stress was especially impactful because UVA also inactivated the processes that degrade H2O2—peroxidases through the suppression of metabolism, and catalases through direct enzyme damage. Cell killing was enhanced when water was replaced with D2O, suggesting that singlet oxygen plays a role, possibly as a precursor to H2O2 and/or as the mediator of catalase damage. UVA was especially toxic to mutants lacking miniferritin (dps) or recombinational DNA repair (recA) enzymes, indicating that reactions between ferrous iron and UVA-generated H2O2 lead to lethal DNA damage. Importantly, experiments showed that the intracellular accumulation of H2O2 alone is insufficient to kill cells; therefore, UVA must do something more to enable death. A possibility is that UVA stimulates the reduction of intracellular ferric iron to its ferrous form, either by stimulatingformation or by generating photoexcited electron donors. These observations and methods open the door to follow-up experiments that can probe the mechanisms of H2O2 formation, catalase inactivation, and iron reduction. Of immediate utility, the data highlight the intracellular pathways formed under UVA light during SODIS, and that the presence of micromolar iron accelerates the rate at which radiation disinfects water.
The 2024 Europe report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: unprecedented warming demands unprecedented action
Creators: name: Llabrés-Brustenga, Alba
name: Sofiev, Mikhail
name: Lowe, Rachel
name: Triñanes, Joaquin
name: Schmoll, Oliver
name: Jankin, Slava
name: Courtenay, Orin
name: Eckelman, Matthew J
name: Farooq, Zia
name: Semenza, Jan C
name: Kriit, Hedi Katre
name: Treskova, Marina
name: Kazmierczak, Aleksandra
name: Minx, Jan C
name: Wagner, Fabian
name: Ballester, Joan
name: Markandya, Anil
name: Hamilton, Ian
name: Sirotkina, Elena
name: van Daalen, Kim R
name: Bechara, Hannah
name: Hatfield, Charles
name: Hänninen, Risto
name: Sjödin, Henrik
name: Mi, Zhifu
name: Vanuytrecht, Eline
name: Sánchez-Valdivia, Nacho
name: Robinson, Elizabeth J Z
name: Dasgupta, Shouro
name: Scamman, Daniel
name: Milà, Carles
name: Carvalho, Bruno M
name: Palamarchuk, Julia
name: Kouznetsov, Rostislav
name: Maia, Carla
name: Antó, Josep M
name: Springmann, Marco
name: Dasandi, Niheer
name: Zhang, Ran
name: Tonne, Cathryn
name: Beck, Thessa M
name: Nilsson, Maria
name: Gonzalez-Reviriego, Nube
name: Achebak, Hicham
name: Solaraju-Murali, Balakrishnan
name: Singh, Pratik
name: Batista, Martín Lotto
name: Romanello, Marina
name: Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime
name: Warnecke, Laura
name: He, Kehan
name: Quijal-Zamorano, Marcos
name: Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo
name: Gallo, Elisa
name: Pradas, Marta Cirah
name: Fransson, Peter
name: Kendrovski, Vladimir
name: Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark
name: Walawender, Maria
name: Kiesewetter, Gregor
name: Kennard, Harry
name: Pantera, Dafni Kalatzi
name: Lloyd, Simon J
name: Sherman, Jodi D
name: Chambers, Jonathan
name: Rocklöv, Joacim
name: Callaghan, Max W
name: Gasparyan, Olga
name: Rafaj, Peter
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: Record-breaking temperatures were recorded across the
globe in 2023. Without climate action, adverse climate-related
health impacts are expected to worsen worldwide,
affecting billions of people. Temperatures in Europe are
warming at twice the rate of the global average,
threatening the health of populations across the
continent and leading to unnecessary loss of life. The
Lancet Countdown in Europe was established in 2021, to
assess the health profile of climate change aiming to
stimulate European social and political will to implement
rapid health-responsive climate mitigation and
adaptation actions. In 2022, the collaboration published
its indicator report, tracking progress on health and
climate change via 33 indicators and across five domains.
Unique transcriptomic features for stomach of the year 50,000,000 BC
Creators: name: Ruidong Xiang
name: V. Hutton  Oddy
name: Archibald, Alan
name: Vercoe, Philip
name: Dalrymple, Brian
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Epithelial, metabolic and innate immunity transcriptomic signatures differentiating the rumen from other sheep gastrointestinal tract tissues
Cosmic ray tracks in astrophysical ices: Modeling with the Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo Toolkit
Creators: name: Shingledecker, Christopher N.
name: Incerti, Sebastien
name: Ivlev, Alexei
name: Emfietzoglou, Dimitris
name: Kyriakou, Ioanna
name: Vasyunin, Anton
name: Caselli, Paola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic rays are ubiquitous in interstellar environments, and their bombardment of dust-grain ice mantles is a possible driver for the formation of complex, even prebiotic molecules. Yet, critical data that are essential for accurate modeling of this phenomenon, such as the average radii of cosmic-ray tracks in amorphous solid water (ASW) remain unconstrained. It is shown that cosmic ray tracks in ASW can be approximated as a cylindrical volume with an average radius that is mostly independent of the initial particle energy. Interactions between energetic ions and both a low-density amorphous (LDA) and high-density amorphous (HDA) ice target are simulated using the Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo toolkit, which allows for tracking secondary electrons down to subexcitation energies in the material. We find the peak track core radii, $r_\mathrm{cyl}$, for LDA and HDA ices to be 9.9 nm and 8.4 nm, respectively - somewhat less than double the value of 5 nm often assumed in astrochemical models.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, 1 table (accepted in ApJ)
Dissecting molecular mechanisms of disease in the wheat pathogen, Parastagonospora nodorum
Creators: name: Mead, Oliver
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2019

description: Dissecting molecular mechanisms of disease in the wheat pathogen, Parastagonospora nodorum Parastagonospora nodorum is a wheat specific pathogen that causes annual losses to the Australian wheat industry in excess of $100 million AUD. This necrotrophic fungus kills the host tissue generating necrotic lesions within which fruiting bodies develop, spreading spores and continuing the disease cycle. This polycyclic infection cycle leads to field epidemics resulting in the losses to growers. Sporulation and virulence are the two crucial aspects for disease development in the P. nodorum-wheat pathosystem and form the basis of this project. A forward genetics approach was employed to discover novel mechanisms by which P. nodorum facilitates infection on wheat. A library of random P. nodorum insertion mutants was generated, and subsequently screened for gain and loss of virulence phenotypes on non-susceptible and susceptible wheat cultivars. From a library of 950 transformants seven displayed a consistent avirulent phenotype on the susceptible wheat cultivar. To identify the disrupted loci leading to avirulence, genomes of the seven avirulent P. nodorum strains were sequenced elucidating a Catechol-1,2-dioxygenase and a Copper dependent amine oxidase. To complement the virulence investigation, a combined transcriptomics and metabolomics approach was employed to decipher sporulation in this pathogen. This is of particular interest as the canonical sporulation pathways in other, model fungi, were previously shown to be not applicable in P. nodorum. A differential gene analysis of fungal material collected at critical developmental time points identified several key genes involved in initiating a sporulation cascade. Notably, a WetA homolog was identified, along with an uncharacterised Aquaporin-like protein and a Pr1-like protein. Metabolomics and subsequent sporulation assays revealed a polyamine pathway plays an integral role in initiating and coordinating asexual development of P. nodorum.
Magnetar-like Emission from the Young Pulsar in Kes 75
Creators: name: Gavriil, F. P.
name: Gonzalez, M. E.
name: Gotthelf, E. V.
name: Kaspi, V. M.
name: Livingstone, M. A.
name: Woods, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report detection of magnetar-like X-ray bursts from the young pulsar PSR J1846-0258, at the center of the supernova remnant Kes 75. This pulsar, long thought to be rotation-powered, has an inferred surface dipolar magnetic field of 4.9x10^13 G, higher than those of the vast majority of rotation-powered pulsars, but lower than those of the ~12 previously identified magnetars. The bursts were accompanied by a sudden flux increase and an unprecedented change in timing behavior. These phenomena lower the magnetic and rotational thresholds associated with magnetar-like behavior, and suggest that in neutron stars there exists a continuum of magnetic activity that increases with inferred magnetic field strength.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Science. Note: The content of this paper is embargoed until February 21, 2008
Advancing bioenergetics-based modeling to improve climate change projections of marine ecosystems
Creators: name: Paula, JR
name: Bednaršek, N
name: Muhling, BA
name: Koenigstein, S
name: Bueno-Pardo, J
name: Huebert, KB
name: Nye, JA
name: van Denderen, PD
name: Rose, KA
name: Fulton, EA
name: Siddon, EC
name: Markowitz, EH
name: Li, L
name: Spencer, PD
name: Peck, MA
name: van der Meeren, GI
name: Skogen, MD
name: Neubauer, P
name: Moustahfid, H
name: Deslauriers, D
name: Huret, M
name: Banha, TNS
name: Holsman, K
name: Ito, Si
Publisher: name: Inter-Research Science Center
Year: 2024

description: Climate change has rapidly altered marine ecosystems and is expected to continue to push systems and species beyond historical baselines into novel conditions. Projecting responses of organisms and populations to these novel environmental conditions often requires extrapolations beyond observed conditions, challenging the predictive limits of statistical modeling capabilities. Bioenergetics modeling provides the mechanistic basis for projecting climate change effects on marine living resources in novel conditions, has a long history of development, and has been applied widely to fish and other taxa. We provide our perspective on 4 opportunities that will advance the ability of bioenergetics-based models to depict changes in the productivity and distribution of fishes and other marine organisms, leading to more robust projections of climate impacts. These are (1) improved depiction of bioenergetics processes to derive realistic individual-level response(s) to complex changes in environmental conditions, (2) innovations in scaling individual-level bioenergetics to project responses at the population and food web levels, (3) more realistic coupling between spatial dynamics and bioenergetics to better represent the local- to regional-scale differences in the effects of climate change on the spatial distributions of organisms, and (4) innovations in model validation to ensure that the next generation of bioenergetics-based models can be used with known and sufficient confidence. Our focus on specific opportunities will enable critical advancements in bioenergetics modeling and position the modeling community to make more accurate and robust projections of the effects of climate change on individuals, populations, food webs, and ecosystems.
Domino diels-alder approaches to aromatic steroids
Creators: name: Mackay, Emily Grace
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2014

description: The Diels-Alder reaction is widely acknowledged to be one of the most synthetically useful reactions available to the organic chemist. Introducing carbocyclic and heterocyclic rings in one operation, its utility in the construction of the tetracyclic steroid nucleus in particular is pronounced. This thesis explores the application of the Diels-Alder reaction in the synthesis of steroids, and is divided into four chapters. The first chapter reviews the myriad ways the Diels-Alder reaction has been applied to the preparation of the steroidal skeleton comprehensively and systematically for the first time. In the second chapter, the domino intramolecular Diels-Alder aromatisation cascade is developed, in which an acyclic precursor, containing two dienes and two dienophiles, undergoes a double Diels-Alder sequence, generating all four rings of the aromatic D-homosteroid skeleton. The polyunsaturated precursor is accessed in a convergent manner in only five steps in 49% overall yield. The application of this methodology in total synthesis is subsequently explored, leading to the preparation of a domino Diels-Alder substrate containing a 2,2'-bifuran unit. The parent 2,2'-bifuran is found to be a useful building block for the synthesis of complex polycyclic products via double Diels-Alder sequences. In Chapter Three the dendralene family of cross-conjugated polyenes is introduced. The dendralenes have recently been the subject of a comprehensive review, and this chapter serves as an overview of the inherent synthetic utility of this family of highly unsaturated hydrocarbons. In particular, their diene-transmissive Diels-Alder sequences, and the applications of these sequences in target-oriented synthesis are examined. Finally, in Chapter Four, the diene-transmissive Diels-Alder sequence of a substituted [3]dendralene is developed, generating the aromatic steroid framework in only two steps. The possibility for the application of this methodology in total synthesis is subsequently explored. In particular, the diastereoselectivity of the first, intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction is probed, and methods of control for the second, intermolecular Diels-Alder are explored. The development of the first regioselective Diels-Alder reaction of an acyclic diene with a substituted aryne is reported.
On the existence, uniqueness, and smoothing of solutions to the generalized SQG equations in critical Sobolev spaces
Creators: name: Jolly, Michael S.
name: Kumar, Anuj
name: Martinez, Vincent R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 76D03, 35Q35, 35Q86, 35K59, 35B65, 34K37

description: This paper studies the dissipative generalized surface quasi-geostrophic equations in a supercritical regime where the order of the dissipation is small relative to order of the velocity, and the velocities are less regular than the advected scalar by up to one order of derivative. We also consider a non-degenerate modification of the endpoint case in which the velocity is less smooth than the advected scalar by slightly more than one order. The existence and uniqueness theory of these equations in the borderline Sobolev spaces is addressed, as well as the instantaneous smoothing effect of their corresponding solutions. In particular, it is shown that solutions emanating from initial data belonging to these Sobolev classes immediately enter a Gevrey class. Such results appear to be the first of its kind for a quasilinear parabolic equation whose coefficients are of higher order than its linear term; they rely on an approximation scheme which modifies the flux in such a way that preserves the underlying commutator structure lost by having to work in the critical space setting, as well as delicate adaptations of well-known commutator estimates to Gevrey classes.
description: 34 pages and 1 figure
Split-quaternionic representation of SDYM SU(1,1) instantons in S^2 x S^2
Creators: name: Lee, Sungwook
name: Maung, Khin Maung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper has been withdrawn by the authors due to some fatal errors that cannot be mended. The authors apologize for any inconvenience.
description: This paper has been withdrawn
Anomaly Detection for Bivariate Signals
Creators: name: Cottrell, Marie
name: Faure, Cynthia
name: Lacaille, Jérôme
name: Olteanu, Madalina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62-08

description: The anomaly detection problem for univariate or multivariate time series is a critical question in many practical applications as industrial processes control, biological measures, engine monitoring, supervision of all kinds of behavior. In this paper we propose a simple and empirical approach to detect anomalies in the behavior of multivariate time series. The approach is based on the empirical estimation of the conditional quantiles of the data, which provides upper and lower bounds for the confidence tubes. The method is tested on artificial data and its effectiveness has been proven in a real framework such as that of the monitoring of aircraft engines.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of traditional Chinese calligraphy arts for realistic perception
Creators: name: Muwei Jian
name: Junyu Dong
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Calligraphy of East Asian characters is an important and appreciated aspect of East Asian culture, especially in the traditional Chinese culture. However, this art is often neglected nowadays. Since 3D details can be used to realistically present real-world surface structure of an object under various illuminations and viewing angles, we propose a 3D surface texture reconstruction method based on Photometric Stereo to provide users with a more realistic perception of digital art.
Observational constraints on Cosmic Reionization
Creators: name: Fan, Xiaohui
name: Carilli, C. L.
name: Keating, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations have set the first constraints on the epoch of reionization (EoR), corresponding to the formation epoch of the first luminous objects. Studies of Gunn-Peterson (GP) absorption, and related phenomena, suggest a qualitative change in the state of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at $z \sim 6$, indicating a rapid increase in the neutral fraction of the IGM, from $x_{HI} < 10^{-4}$ at $z \le 5.5$, to $x_{HI} > 10^{-3}$, perhaps up to 0.1, at $z \ge 6$. Conversely, transmission spikes in the GP trough, and the evolution of the \lya galaxy luminosity function indicate $x_{HI} < 0.5$ at $z\sim 6.5$, while the large scale polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) implies a significant ionization fraction extending to higher redshifts, $z \sim 11 \pm 3$. The results suggest that reionization is less an event than a process, with the process beginning as early as $z \sim 14$, and with the 'percolation', or 'overlap' phase ending at $z \sim 6$. The data are consistent with low luminosity star forming galaxies as being the dominant sources of reionizing photons. Low frequency radio telescopes currently under construction should be able to make the first direct measurements of HI 21cm emission from the neutral IGM during the EoR, and upcoming measurements of secondary CMB temperature anisotropy will provide fine details of the dynamics of the reionized IGM.
description: to appear in ARAA 2006, vol 44, page 415-462; latex. 84 pages. 15 fig
Empirical Essays in Intergenerational Mobility and Early Childhood Human Capital Formation
Creators: name: Deutscher, Nathan
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2019

description: This thesis contributes to the vast literature on intergenerational mobility and human capital formation. It consists of four papers presenting new facts on intergenerational mobility in Australia, and fresh insights into its measurement and underlying causal mechanisms. I use a variety of empirical techniques, and datasets ranging from millions to mere hundreds of observations. In Chapter 2, I introduce a new Australian intergenerational dataset. I use this data to present a brief overview of intergenerational income mobility in Australia, at both a national and regional scale. Special attention is paid to a variety of measurement issues known to bias measures of mobility. Australia has a high degree of intergenerational mobility but still displays significant regional variations. In Chapter 3, I examine the causes of regional variation in intergenerational mobility. Is it driven by sorting across regions or does it reflect a causal effect of place? I apply the methodology introduced in Chetty and Hendren (2018), exploiting variation in the age at which children move to identify a causal effect of exposure to place. I find that place matters, and it matters most in the teenage years. I identify two mechanisms that may explain a causal effect of place in the teenage years --- entry to local labour markets and peer effects. In Chapter 4, I explore the intergenerational mobility of migrants to Australia. The second generation in some migrant communities is remarkably successful, even conditional on outcomes for the first generation. I present a new decomposition of intergenerational income mobility, and use it to highlight the pivotal role of education in second-generation success. I provide evidence of a role for culture and the context of migration in shaping the educational achievements and aspirations of the second generation. In Chapter 5, I examine the causal influence of family income itself on child outcomes. I use the sharp date-of-birth eligibility cut-off for the Australian Baby Bonus to examine the effects of a modest boost to family income at birth. While the income boost is enough to induce parents to shift births, resulting in changes in infant health outcomes, it has no appreciable effect on Year 3 test scores.
On electron (anti)localization in graphene
Creators: name: Khveshchenko, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss localization properties of the Dirac-like electronic states in monolayers of graphite. In the framework of a general disorder model, we identify the conditions under which such standard localization effects as logarithmic temperature-dependent conductivity corrections appear to be strongly suppressed, as compared to the case of a two-dimensional electron gas with parabolic dispersion, in agreement with recent experimental observations.
description: Latex, no figures
Rectification of bipolar nanopores in multivalent electrolytes: effect of charge inversion and strong ionic correlations
Creators: name: Fertig, Dávid
name: Valiskó, Mónika
name: Boda, Dezső
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bipolar nanopores have powerful rectification properties due to the asymmetry in the charge pattern on the wall of the nanopore. In particular, bipolar nanopores have positive and negative surface charges along the pore axis. Rectification is strong if the radius of the nanopore is small compared to the screening length of the electrolyte so that both cations and anions have depletion zones in the respective regions. The depths of these depletion zones is sensitive to sign of the external voltage. In this work, we are interested in the effect of the presence of strong ionic correlations (both between ions and between ions and surface charge) due to the presence of multivalent ions and large surface charges. We show that strong ionic correlations cause leakage of the coions, a phenomenon that is absent in mean field theories. In this modeling study, we use both the mean-field Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) theory and a particle simulation method, Local Equilibrium Monte Carlo (LEMC), to show that phenomena such as overcharging and charge inversion cannot be reproduced with PNP, while LEMC is able to produce nonmonotonic dependence of currents and rectification as a function of surface charge strength.
Miscellaneous content and Christmas
Creators: name: Caster, Amelia
name: Emerson, Lee
name: Halpern, Abraham M.
name: Hill, Norrine
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: yum

description: 2 WAV files. Date is date of Side A (Caster). Side B (undated) is a copy of a recording created by Norrine Hill at Christmas time, featuring Emerson. For associated notebook, see Margaret Langdon Papers (Bancroft Library), carton 10, folder 8. Digitization by The Audio Archive (Burlingame, California).
Contribution of the QCD $Θ$-term to nucleon electric dipole moment
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Tanmoy
name: Cirigliano, Vincenzo
name: Gupta, Rajan
name: Mereghetti, Emanuele
name: Yoon, Boram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a calculation of the contribution of the $Θ$-term to the neutron and proton electric dipole moments using seven 2+1+1-flavor HISQ ensembles. We also estimate the topological susceptibility for the 2+1+1 theory to be $χ_Q = (66(9)(4) \rm MeV)^4$ in the continuum limit at $M_π= 135$ MeV. The calculation of the nucleon three-point function is done using Wilson-clover valence quarks. The CP-violating form factor $F_3$ is calculated by expanding in small $Θ$. We show that lattice artifacts introduce a term proportional to $a$ that does not vanish in the chiral limit, and we include this in our chiral-continuum fits. A chiral perturbation theory analysis shows that the $N(0) π(0)$ state should provide the leading excited state contribution, and we study the effect of such a state. Detailed analysis of the contributions to the neutron and proton electric dipole moment using two strategies for removing excited state contamination are presented. Using the excited state spectrum from fits to the two-point function, we find $d_n^Θ$ is small, $|d_n^Θ| \lesssim 0.01 \overline Θe$ fm, whereas for the proton we get $|d_p^Θ| \sim 0.02 \overline Θe$ fm. On the other hand, if the dominant excited-state contribution is from the $N π$ state, then $|d_n^Θ|$ could be as large as $0.05 \overline Θe$ fm and $|d_p^Θ| \sim 0.07 \overline Θe$ fm. Our overall conclusion is that present lattice QCD calculations do not provide a reliable estimate of the contribution of the $Θ$-term to the nucleon electric dipole moments, and a factor of ten higher statistics data are needed to get better control over the systematics and possibly a $3σ$ result.
description: 27 pages, 21 figures
Institutional Commitment and Sovereign Borrowing in Africa
Creators: name: Olawale Paul Ajiboye
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description: Forbes magazine of July 4, 1994 reports the need for investors to “watch central banks closely in
order to avoid the carnage of stock markets.” Why should lenders care about central banks? Previous
studies have given account of the importance of central banks to the economy. Inflation control and
price stability are at the core of these functions. Other arguments posit that central banks can be
more effective when they are given independence to perform these duties. Due to the importance of
central banks, it has also been argued that they are capable of signaling creditworthiness. In other
words, lenders pay attention to them because independent central banks signal monetary policy
discipline and also fill information gap for investors. However, the argument of creditworthiness in
relation to central banks is under discussed. I extend this argument by examining the implication of
central banks’ creditworthiness for diverse lenders in African debt landscape. I argue that different
credit sources have different loan conditions and even when central bank independence heightens the
creditworthiness of borrowers, its effect will vary across credit types. Analyzing a new dataset on
“Who lends to Africa” between 2000-2020 for 43 African countries, I find that effect of creditworthiness
varies across different type of lenders. While de jure CBI should lead to access to multilateral credit,
I do not find similar evidence for bilateral credits and sovereign bond.
Proof of the angular momentum-mass inequality for axisymmetric black holes
Creators: name: Dain, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that extreme Kerr initial data set is a unique absolute minimum of the total mass in a (physically relevant) class of vacuum, maximal, asymptotically flat, axisymmetric data for Einstein equations with fixed angular momentum. These data represent non-stationary, axially symmetric, black holes. As a consequence, we obtain that any data in this class satisfy the inequality $\sqrt{J} \leq m$, where $m$ and $J$ are the total mass and angular momentum of the spacetime.
description: The statement before Eq. (17) in page 5 in the previous version is incorrect. This mistake is corrected in the new version
The original author's code and data for four experiments.
Creators: name: J ZhangZhou
name: Can He
name: Jianhao Sun
name: Jianming Zhao
name: Yang Lyu
name: Shengxin Wang
name: Wenyu Zhao
name: Anzhou Li
name: Xiaohui Ji
name: Anant Agarwal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: For details, please see the corresponding manuscript.Comparing application results with those of Petrelli et al.  (2020) for regression, Qin et al. (2022) for classification, Stracke et al. (2022) for clustering, and Tao et al. (2021) for dimension reduction.
An exactly solvable ansatz for statistical mechanics models
Creators: name: Kim, Isaac H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a family of "exactly solvable" probability distributions to approximate partition functions of two-dimensional statistical mechanics models. While these distributions lie strictly outside the mean-field framework, their free energies can be computed in a time that scales linearly with the system size. This construction is based on a simple but nontrivial solution to the marginal problem. We formulate two non-linear constraints on the set of locally consistent marginal probabilities that simultaneously (i) ensure the existence of a consistent global probability distribution and (ii) lead to an exact expression for the maximum global entropy.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Multi-Wavelength Constraints on the Day-Night Circulation Patterns of HD 189733b
Creators: name: Knutson, Heather A.
name: Charbonneau, David
name: Cowan, Nicolas B.
name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
name: Showman, Adam P.
name: Agol, Eric
name: Henry, Gregory W.
name: Everett, Mark E.
name: Allen, Lori E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new Spitzer observations of the phase variation of the hot Jupiter HD 189733b in the MIPS 24 micron bandpass, spanning the same part of the planet's orbit as our previous observations in the IRAC 8 micron bandpass (Knutson et al. 2007). We find that the minimum hemisphere-averaged flux from the planet in this bandpass is 76 +/- 3% of the maximum flux; this corresponds to minimum and maximum hemisphere-averaged brightness temperatures of 984 +/- 48 K and 1220 +/- 47 K, respectively. The planet reaches its maximum flux at an orbital phase of 0.396 +/- 0.022, corresponding to a hot region shifted 20-30 degrees east of the substellar point. Because tidally locked hot Jupiters would have enormous day-night temperature differences in the absence of winds, the small amplitude of the observed phase variation indicates that the planet's atmosphere efficiently transports thermal energy from the day side to the night side at the 24 micron photosphere, leading to modest day-night temperature differences. The similarities between the 8 and 24 micron phase curves for HD 189733b lead us to conclude that the circulation on this planet behaves in a fundamentally similar fashion across the range of pressures sensed by these two wavelengths. One-dimensional radiative transfer models indicate that the 8 micron band should probe pressures 2-3 times greater than at 24 micron, although the uncertain methane abundance complicates the interpretation. If these two bandpasses do probe different pressures, it would indicate that the temperature varies only weakly between the two sensed depths, and hence that the atmosphere is not convective at these altitudes. (abridged)
description: 15 pages in emulateapj format, 9 figures (some color), 3 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
ИЧКИ ИШЛАР ОРГАНЛАРИ ФАОЛИЯТИДАГИ "СЕКТОР" ТУШУНЧАСИГА ДОИР ИЛМИЙ ЁНДАШУВЛАР
Creators: name: Сарабеков, Хасан
name: Азизов, Элбек
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: мақолада ички ишлар органларининг секторлардаги фаолиятига доир илмий-назарий тушунчалар тавсифи, хусусан бу борада илмий манбалар таҳлил қилинган ҳамда муаллифлик таърифи ишлаб чиқилган.
Generation and Analysis of Content for Physics-Based Video Games
Creators: name: Stephenson, Matthew
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2019

description: The development of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques that can assist with the creation and analysis of digital content is a broad and challenging task for researchers. This topic has been most prevalent in the field of game AI research, where games are used as a testbed for solving more complex real-world problems. One of the major issues with prior AI-assisted content creation methods for games has been a lack of direct comparability to real-world environments, particularly those with realistic physical properties to consider. Creating content for such environments typically requires physics-based reasoning, which imposes many additional complications and restrictions that must be considered. Addressing and developing methods that can deal with these physical constraints, even if they are only within simulated game environments, is an important and challenging task for AI techniques that intend to be used in real-world situations. The research presented in this thesis describes several approaches to creating and analysing levels for the physics-based puzzle game Angry Birds, which features a realistic 2D environment. This research was multidisciplinary in nature and covers a wide variety of different AI fields, leading to this thesis being presented as a compilation of published work. The central part of this thesis consists of procedurally generating levels for physics-based games similar to those in Angry Birds. This predominantly involves creating and placing stable structures made up of many smaller blocks, as well as other level elements. Multiple approaches are presented, including both fully autonomous and human-AI collaborative methodologies. In addition, several analyses of Angry Birds levels were carried out using current state-of-the-art agents. A hyper-agent was developed that uses machine learning to estimate the performance of each agent in a portfolio for an unknown level, allowing it to select the one most likely to succeed. Agent performance on levels that contain deceptive or creative properties was also investigated, allowing determination of the current strengths and weaknesses of different AI techniques. The observed variability in performance across levels for different AI techniques led to the development of an adaptive level generation system, allowing for the dynamic creation of increasingly challenging levels over time based on agent performance analysis. An additional study also investigated the theoretical complexity of Angry Birds levels from a computational perspective. While this research is predominately applied to video games with physics-based simulated environments, the challenges and problems solved by the proposed methods also have significant real-world potential and applications.
Crowdsourced Data to Improve Rapid Flood Inundation Mapping and Current Flood Assessment Case Study Kuala Lumpur
Creators: name: BIN JAMALUDIN, MUHAMMAD IKHWAN
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 400599
subject: Civil engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Floods are highly destructive and have resulted in the loss of property and infrastructure damage, becoming a burden to government, private, insurance companies and individuals. Moreover, output from social network sites (SNS) data able to provide additional reference data but they are not well represented in current flood management strategies. This research demonstrated the value of data from SNS and their potential to become supplementary input to support authorities and communities during floods.
Unitarity in "quantization commutes with reduction"
Creators: name: Hall, Brian C.
name: Kirwin, William D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53D50, 53D20, 81S10

description: Let M be a compact Kahler manifold equipped with a Hamiltonian action of a compact Lie group G. In this paper, we study the geometric quantization of the symplectic quotient M//G. Guillemin and Sternberg [Invent. Math. 67 (1982), 515--538] have shown, under suitable regularity assumptions, that there is a natural invertible map between the quantum Hilbert space over M//G and the G-invariant subspace of the quantum Hilbert space over M. We prove that in general the natural map of Guillemin and Sternberg is not unitary, \textit{even to leading order in Planck's constant}. We then modify the quantization procedure by the "metaplectic correction" and show that in this setting there is still a natural invertible map between the Hilbert space over M//G and the G-invariant subspace of the Hilbert space over M. We then prove that this modified Guillemin--Sternberg map is asymptotically unitary to leading order in Planck's constant.
description: 36 pages (LaTeX); v1. minor corrections; v2. minor corrections; v3. final version (to appear in Comm. Math. Phys.)
The CMS Silicon Strip Tracker
Creators: name: Pasztor, Gabriella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CMS collaboration is constructing the largest silicon tracker ever built with an active silicon area of 200 m^2 to provide robust charged particle tracking and vertex reconstruction within the 4T magnetic field of the CMS Solenoid. The design of the detector, the status of the construction and the performance of the substructures are reviewed.
description: Presented at PANIC05, Particles and Nuclei International Conference, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, 24-28 October, 2005
The effects of stress, cortisol, and pulp mill effluent on phagocyte function and disease resistance in juvenile salmonids
Creators: name: Pegg, James R.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Several experiments were performed to determine the effect of confinement stress, Cortisol, and pulp mill effluent on phagocyte function in juvenile salmonids. Phagocytosis and superoxide production of anterior kidney phagocytes as well as plasma Cortisol and plasma glucose concentrations were measured. Five different confinement experiments and a disease challenge were performed, but only a combination of confinement and increased temperature resulted in a decrease in phagocytosis at 3 d. However, superoxide production was increased at the same time and at two other times in separate experiments. In a disease challenge experiment, confinement had no effect on mortality due to vibriosis, however, mortalities due to an opportunistic infection of tail rot were significantly higher in unconfined, sham-challenged fish suggesting that in this case confinement was protective. Plasma glucose concentration was also significantly elevated in unconfined, sham-challenged fish 2 d post challenge while plasma Cortisol concentration was elevated in both confined and unconfined disease-challenged fish. Phagocytosis was increased in unconfined disease-challenged fish at 2 d post challenge while superoxide production was increased in both confined and unconfined sham-challenged fish. These results indicate that the relationship between stress, immune function, and disease resistance is complex, and requires the measurement of many aspects of immune function. Injection of a Cortisol analog (prednisolone) and implantation of Cortisol into coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) resulted in decreased phagocytosis. Cortisol implantation in chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), however, resulted in increased phagocytosis and had no effect on superoxide production. Cortisol had no effect on phagocytosis or superoxide production in vitro at a physiological concentration, however, phagocytes incubated in vitro with 10% pooled serum from fish stressed for 1 h or 3 d resulted in a significant reduction in phagocytosis and an increase in superoxide production compared to phagocytes incubated with serum from control fish. This combined with the Cortisol results from the confinement experiments indicate that the effect of Cortisol is not direct and that plasma Cortisol concentration is not a good predictor of phagocyte function. Pulp mill effluent caused significant increases in superoxide production and decreases in phagocytosis especially at low concentrations. Hypoxia also caused an increase in superoxide production, but had no effect on phagocytosis. It was concluded that stress and Cortisol do not have a general suppressive effect on immune function. Some aspects of immune function may be suppressed while others are stimulated to compensate. Pulp mill effluent exposure had a significant effect on phagocyte function, and like stress and Cortisol, both suppressive and stimulatory effects were observed.
Analysis of the finite temperature transition for 3 flavor QCD using p4-improved staggered fermions
Creators: name: Cheng, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a calculation of the transition temperature for 3 flavor QCD using p4-improved staggered fermions with two different variants of fattened links. We examine various susceptibilities at two different values for the temporal extent - $N_t = 4$ and $N_t = 6$ - in the vicinity of the 3 flavor transition at vanishing chemical potential. For $N_t = 4$, we study bare quark masses in the range $m_qa = 0.005$ to $m_qa = 0.1$, and for $N_t = 6$, we use $m_qa = 0.02$ to $m_qa = 0.2$. We also calculate hadron masses and the static quark potential at zero temperature in order to set the scale for the transition temperature and to study quark mass and cut-off dependent scaling properties of the transition temperature. A comparison of the R Algorithm and the RHMC algorithm for finite-temperature simulations is also made
description: Talk at Lattice 2006; to be published in Proceedings Of Science as POS(LAT2006)129. 7 pages; 10 figures
Additional file 1 of Building a resilient health system for universal health coverage and health security: a systematic review
Creators: name: Debie, Ayal
name: Nigusie, Adane
name: Gedle, Dereje
name: Khatri, Resham B.
name: Assefa, Yibeltal
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Search strategy.