cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Switching local magnetization by electric-field-induced domain wall motion
Creators: name: Kakizakai, H.
name: Ando, F.
name: Koyama, T.
name: Yamada, K.
name: Kawaguchi, M.
name: Kim, S.
name: Kim, K. -J.
name: Moriyama, T.
name: Chiba, D.
name: Ono, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electric field effect on magnetism is an appealing technique for manipulating the magnetization at a low cost of energy. Here, we show that the local magnetization of the ultra-thin Co film can be switched by just applying a gate electric field without an assist of any external magnetic field or current flow. The local magnetization switching is explained by the nucleation and annihilation of the magnetic domain through the domain wall motion induced by the electric field. Our results lead to external field free and ultra-low energy spintronic applications.
Using the basin entropy to explore bifurcations
Creators: name: Wagemakers, Alexandre
name: Daza, Alvar
name: Sanjuán, Miguel A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bifurcation theory is the usual analytic approach to study the parameter space of a dynamical system. Despite the great power of prediction of these techniques, fundamental limitations appear during the study of a given problem. Nonlinear dynamical systems often hide their secrets and the ultimate resource is the numerical simulations of the equations. This paper presents a method to explore bifurcations by using the basin entropy. This measure of the unpredictability can detect transformations of phase space structures as a parameter evolves. We present several examples where the bifurcations in the parameter space have a quantitative effect on the basin entropy. Moreover, some transformations, such as the basin boundary metamorphoses, can be identified with the basin entropy but are not reflected in the bifurcation diagram. The correct interpretation of the basin entropy plotted as a parameter extends the numerical exploration of dynamical systems.
Additional file 1 of A proteomics analysis of 5xFAD mouse brain regions reveals the lysosome-associated protein Arl8b as a candidate biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease
Creators: name: Boeddrich, Annett
name: Haenig, Christian
name: Neuendorf, Nancy
name: Blanc, Eric
name: Ivanov, Andranik
name: Kirchner, Marieluise
name: Schleumann, Philipp
name: Bayraktaroğlu, Irem
name: Richter, Matthias
name: Molenda, Christine Mirjam
name: Sporbert, Anje
name: Zenkner, Martina
name: Schnoegl, Sigrid
name: Suenkel, Christin
name: Schneider, Luisa-Sophie
name: Rybak-Wolf, Agnieszka
name: Kochnowsky, Bianca
name: Byrne, Lauren M.
name: Wild, Edward J.
name: Nielsen, Jørgen E.
name: Dittmar, Gunnar
name: Peters, Oliver
name: Beule, Dieter
name: Wanker, Erich E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
classificationCode: 111714
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Commercial antibodies used in this study. Table S2. Characteristics of AD and HD patients and corresponding controls. Table S3. Spearman correlation analysis of Arl8b protein level measurements and AD biomarker levels.
Quantum cloning of steering
Creators: name: Zhu, Dian
name: Shang, Wei-Min
name: Zhang, Fu-Lin
name: Chen, Jing-Ling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum steering in a global state allows an observer to remotely steer a subsystem into different ensembles by performing different local measurements on the other part. We show that, in general, this property cannot be perfectly cloned by any joint operation between a steered subsystem and a third system. Perfect cloning is viable if and only if the initial state is of zero discord. We also investigate the process of cloning the steered qubit of a Bell state using a universal cloning machine. Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering, which is a type of quantum correlation existing in the states without a local-hidden-state model, is observed in the two copy subsystems. This contradicts the conclusion of no-cloning of quantum steering (EPR steering) [C. Y. Chiu et al., npj Quantum Inf. 2, 16020 (2016)] based on a mutual information criterion for EPR steering.
description: Published by CPL as Editors' Suggestion; This work has been reported in Physics World (https://physicsworld.com/a/cloning-quantum-steering-is-a-no-go/)
New cross section data and review of production routes of medically used $^{110m}$In
Creators: name: Tárkányi, F.
name: Takács, S.
name: Ditrói, F.
name: Hermanne, A.
name: Baba, M.
name: Mohsena, B. M. A.
name: Ignatyuk, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evaluation of nuclear data for production routes of $^{110m}$In is in progress in the frame of an IAEA Coordinated Research Project (CRP). New experimental cross section data for the indirect $^{nat}$In(p,x)$^{110}$Sn $\longrightarrow$ $^{110m}$In and for the direct $^{107}$Ag($α$,n)$^{110m}$In and $^{109}$Ag($^{3}$He,2n)$^{110m}$In production routes and for the satellite impurity reactions $^{107}$Ag($α$,xn)$^{110g,109}$In and $^{109}$Ag($^{3}$He,xn)$^{110g,111,109}$In have been measured by using the activation method, stacked foil irradiation technique and gamma-ray spectrometry. Additional data are reported for production of the $^{111}$In diagnostic gamma-emitter via the $^{109}$Ag($α$,2n)$^{111}$In reaction. The earlier experimental data were critically reviewed in order to prepare recommended data and optimal production parameters for the different routes.
Amplitude and phase variation of point processes
Creators: name: Panaretos, Victor M.
name: Zemel, Yoav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop a canonical framework for the study of the problem of registration of multiple point processes subjected to warping, known as the problem of separation of amplitude and phase variation. The amplitude variation of a real random function $\{Y(x):x\in[0,1]\}$ corresponds to its random oscillations in the $y$-axis, typically encapsulated by its (co)variation around a mean level. In contrast, its phase variation refers to fluctuations in the $x$-axis, often caused by random time changes. We formalise similar notions for a point process, and nonparametrically separate them based on realisations of i.i.d. copies $\{Π_i\}$ of the phase-varying point process. A key element in our approach is to demonstrate that when the classical phase variation assumptions of Functional Data Analysis (FDA) are applied to the point process case, they become equivalent to conditions interpretable through the prism of the theory of optimal transportation of measure. We demonstrate that these induce a natural Wasserstein geometry tailored to the warping problem, including a formal notion of bias expressing over-registration. Within this framework, we construct nonparametric estimators that tend to avoid over-registration in finite samples. We show that they consistently estimate the warp maps, consistently estimate the structural mean, and consistently register the warped point processes, even in a sparse sampling regime. We also establish convergence rates, and derive $\sqrt{n}$-consistency and a central limit theorem in the Cox process case under dense sampling, showing rate optimality of our structural mean estimator in that case.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/15-AOS1387 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Ramification and Discriminants of Vector Bundles and a Quick Proof of Bogomolov's Theorem
Creators: name: Abo, Hirotachi
name: Lazarsfeld, Robert
name: Smith, Gregory G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J60, 14C17, 14N05

description: By analyzing degeneracy loci over projectivized vector bundles, we recompute the degree of the discriminant locus of a vector bundle and provide a new proof of the Bogomolov instability theorem.
description: 12 pages, typos corrected, reference added
Driven Boson Sampling
Creators: name: Barkhofen, Sonja
name: Bartley, Tim J.
name: Sansoni, Linda
name: Kruse, Regina
name: Hamilton, Craig S.
name: Jex, Igor
name: Silberhorn, Christine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sampling the distribution of bosons that have undergone a random unitary evolution is strongly believed to be a computationally hard problem. Key to outperforming classical simulations of this task is to increase both the number of input photons and the size of the network. We propose driven boson sampling, in which photons are input within the network itself, as a means to approach this goal. When using heralded single-photon sources based on parametric down-conversion, this approach offers an $\sim e$-fold enhancement in the input state generation rate over scattershot boson sampling, reaching the scaling limit for such sources. More significantly, this approach offers a dramatic increase in the signal-to-noise ratio with respect to higher-order photon generation from such probabilistic sources, which removes the need for photon number resolution during the heralding process as the size of the system increases.
Improved Multimodal Fusion for Small Datasets with Auxiliary Supervision
Creators: name: Holste, Gregory
name: van der Wal, Douwe
name: Pinckaers, Hans
name: Yamashita, Rikiya
name: Mitani, Akinori
name: Esteva, Andre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in men worldwide. Like many cancers, diagnosis involves expert integration of heterogeneous patient information such as imaging, clinical risk factors, and more. For this reason, there have been many recent efforts toward deep multimodal fusion of image and non-image data for clinical decision tasks. Many of these studies propose methods to fuse learned features from each patient modality, providing significant downstream improvements with techniques like cross-modal attention gating, Kronecker product fusion, orthogonality regularization, and more. While these enhanced fusion operations can improve upon feature concatenation, they often come with an extremely high learning capacity, meaning they are likely to overfit when applied even to small or low-dimensional datasets. Rather than designing a highly expressive fusion operation, we propose three simple methods for improved multimodal fusion with small datasets that aid optimization by generating auxiliary sources of supervision during training: extra supervision, clinical prediction, and dense fusion. We validate the proposed approaches on prostate cancer diagnosis from paired histopathology imaging and tabular clinical features. The proposed methods are straightforward to implement and can be applied to any classification task with paired image and non-image data.
description: IEEE ISBI 2023 (see http://2023.biomedicalimaging.org/en/)
Surfaces in the flag threefold containing smooth conics and twistor fibers
Creators: name: Altavilla, Amedeo
name: Ballico, Edoardo
name: Brambilla, Maria Chiara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 32L25, 14M15, Secondary: 14D21, 14J26

description: We study smooth integral curves of bidegree $(1,1)$, called \textit{smooth conics}, in the flag threefold $\mathbb{F}$. The study is motivated by the fact that the family of smooth conics contains the set of fibers of the twistor projection $\mathbb{F}\to\mathbb{CP}^{2}$. We give a bound on the maximum number of smooth conics contained in a smooth surface $S\subset\mathbb{F}$. Then, we show qualitative properties of algebraic surfaces containing a prescribed number of smooth conics. Lastly, we study surfaces containing infinitely many twistor fibers. We show that the only smooth cases are surfaces of bidegree $(1,1)$. Then, for any integer $a>1$, we exhibit a method to construct an integral surface of bidegree $(a,a)$ containing infinitely many twistor fibers.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure
A regular Hamiltonian halting ratchet for matter wave transport
Creators: name: Dupont, N.
name: Gabardos, L.
name: Arrouas, F.
name: Ombredane, N.
name: Billy, J.
name: Peaudecerf, B.
name: Guéry-Odelin, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the design of a Hamiltonian ratchet exploiting periodically at rest integrable trajectories in the phase space of a modulated periodic potential, leading to the linear non-diffusive transport of particles. Using Bose-Einstein condensates in a modulated one-dimensional optical lattice, we make the first observations of this new spatial ratchet transport. In the semiclassical regime, the quantum transport strongly depends on the effective Planck constant due to Floquet state mixing. We also demonstrate the interest of quantum optimal control for efficient initial state preparation into the transporting Floquet states to enhance the transport periodicity.
description: 5 pages + supplementary material
Additional file 2 of A proteomics analysis of 5xFAD mouse brain regions reveals the lysosome-associated protein Arl8b as a candidate biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease
Creators: name: Boeddrich, Annett
name: Haenig, Christian
name: Neuendorf, Nancy
name: Blanc, Eric
name: Ivanov, Andranik
name: Kirchner, Marieluise
name: Schleumann, Philipp
name: Bayraktaroğlu, Irem
name: Richter, Matthias
name: Molenda, Christine Mirjam
name: Sporbert, Anje
name: Zenkner, Martina
name: Schnoegl, Sigrid
name: Suenkel, Christin
name: Schneider, Luisa-Sophie
name: Rybak-Wolf, Agnieszka
name: Kochnowsky, Bianca
name: Byrne, Lauren M.
name: Wild, Edward J.
name: Nielsen, Jørgen E.
name: Dittmar, Gunnar
name: Peters, Oliver
name: Beule, Dieter
name: Wanker, Erich E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
classificationCode: 111714
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Aβ peptide levels and APP and PSEN1 expression in hippocampus and cortex of 5xFAD mice. Fig. S2. Analysis of Aβ aggregate formation using membrane filter assays and sucrose gradient centrifugations. Fig. S3. Analysis of wild-type expression profiles to assess whether the protein abundance changes detected in 5xFAD brains are more frequent among highly expressed mouse proteins. Fig. S4. Functional analysis of dysregulated proteins defined with a pairwise model in brains of 5xFAD mice. Fig. S5. Enrichment analysis of cell-type-specific marker proteins among dysregulated proteins in brains of 5xFAD mice. Fig. S6. IPA and gene ontology enrichment analysis of differentially expressed proteins defined with the full model in cortical and hippocampal tissues of 5xFAD mice. Fig. S7. Ingenuity pathway analysis of Aβ-correlated and anticorrelated DEPs defined by the pairwise model in brains of 5xFAD mice. Fig. S8. Numbers of pairwise common DEPs in the mouse datasets and datasets from human studies. Fig. S9. Strategy to define mouse protein signatures that are concordantly altered also in AD patient brains. Fig. S10. Investigation of the overlap of DEPs in brains of 5xFAD mice with DEPs in asymptomatic AD brains. Fig. S11. Analysis of the correlation in protein effect sizes between 5xFAD mouse and AD patient brains for proteins present in all studies. Fig. S12. Selection of the neuronal lysosome-associated protein Arl8b by step-by-step data filtering. Fig. S13. Immunofluorescence analysis of 5xFAD brain slices. Fig. S14. Analysis of Arl8b protein aggregates using human brain homogenates derived from AD patients and control individuals.
The effect of Ta oxygen scavenger layer on HfO$_2$-based resistive switching behavior: thermodynamic stability, electronic structure, and low-bias transport
Creators: name: Zhong, X.
name: Rungger, I.
name: Zapol, P.
name: Nakamura, H.
name: Asai, Y.
name: Heinonen, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reversible resistive switching between high-resistance and low-resistance states in metal-oxide-metal heterostructures makes them very interesting for applications in random access memories. While recent experimental work has shown that inserting a metallic "oxygen scavenger layer" between the positive electrode and oxide improves device performance, the fundamental understanding of how the scavenger layer modifies heterostructure properties is lacking. We use density functional theory to calculate thermodynamic properties and conductance of TiN/HfO$_2$/TiN heterostructures with and without Ta scavenger layer. First, we show that Ta insertion lowers the formation energy of low-resistance states. Second, while the Ta scavenger layer reduces the Schottky barrier height in the high-resistance state by modifying the interface charge at the oxide-electrode interface, the heterostructure maintains a high resistance ratio between high- and low-resistance states. Finally, we show that the low-bias conductance of device on-states becomes much less sensitive to the spatial distribution of oxygen removed from the HfO$_2$ in the presence of the Ta layer. By providing fundamental understanding of the observed improvements with scavenger layers, we open a path to engineer interfaces with oxygen scavenger layers to control and enhance device performance. In turn, this may enable the realization of a non-volatile low-power memory technology with concomitant reduction in energy consumption by consumer electronics and significant benefits to society.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
Exploring thermal effects of the hadron-quark matter transition in neutron star mergers
Creators: name: Blacker, Sebastian
name: Bauswein, Andreas
name: Typel, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the importance of the thermal behavior of the hadron-quark phase transition in neutron star (NS) mergers. To this end, we devise a new scheme approximating thermal effects to supplement any cold, barotropic hybrid equation of state (EoS) model, i.e. two-phase EoS constructions with a hadronic regime and a phase of deconfined quark matter. The consideration of temperature-dependent phase boundaries turns out to be critical for a quantitative description of quark matter effects in NS mergers, since the coexistence phase can introduce a strong softening of the EoS at finite temperature, which is even more significant than the change of the EoS by the phase transition at T=0. We validate our approach by comparing to existing fully temperature-dependent EoS models and find a very good quantitative agreement of postmerger gravitational-wave (GW) features. Simulations with the commonly-used thermal ideal-gas approach exhibit sizable differences compared to full hybrid models implying that its use in NS merger simulations with quark matter is problematic. Our new scheme provides the means to isolate thermal effects of quark matter from the properties of the cold hybrid EoS and thus allows an assessment of the thermal behavior alone. We show that different shapes of the phase boundaries at finite temperature can have a large impact on the postmerger dynamics and GW signal for the same cold hybrid model. This finding demonstrates that postmerger GW emission contains important complementary information compared to properties extracted from cold stars. We also show by concrete examples that it is even possible for quark matter to only occur and thus be detectable in finite-temperature systems like merger remnants but not in cold NSs (abbreviated).
description: 28 pages, 16 figures, revised version, published by Phys. Rev. D
Driven one-dimensional noisy Kitaev chain
Creators: name: Singh, Manvendra
name: Dhara, Santanu
name: Gangadharaiah, Suhas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study one-dimensional Kitaev chain driven by the anisotropy parameter, $J_{-}= t/τ_Q$, in the presence of weak Gaussian noise in the parameter $J_{+}$. The system is prepared in the ground state of the Hamiltonian at the initial time $t\rightarrow -\infty$. The defect density and the residual energy at the end of the drive protocol reveals anti-Kibble Zurek (AKZ) behavior which deviates from the earlier reported linear in quench time dependence for the defect density. The entropy density at the end of the protocol is found to exhibit the signature of the AKZ behavior. In the context of the Kitaev chain, the two-point spin correlators are short ranged. The hidden topological order across the quantum phase transition point is probed via the non-local string order parameters. The two-point Majorana correlator and the hidden string correlator calculated in the final decohered state at the end of the noisy drive protocol is consistent with the AKZ picture. We have analyzed the kink statistics in the dual spin space, the first three cumulants at the end of the noisy drive also exhibit the AKZ scaling behavior for slower sweeps similar to the defect density. The kink distribution function is well approximated with the normal distribution with non-universal noise dependent mean and variance.
Trichopria melanopa subsp. scilloniensis Notton 1993
Creators: name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mymaridae
Trichopria
Trichopria melanopa
Trichopria melanopa scilloniensis notton, 1993: 143

description: Trichopria melanopa scilloniensis Notton, 1993: 143, figs 22-28.
Valid name
Trichopria subimpressa scilloniensis Notton, 1993.
Summary of types
Holotype ♀, BMNH number 9.889, by original designation. Paratypes 9 ♀♀, 8 ♂♂.
Primary type data
England: Scilly / Tresco / 21.ix.1975; J.S.Noyes / Brit. Mus./ 1975-479; ♀ Holotype / Trichopria / melanopa/ scilloniensis n. ssp./ det. D.G.Notton 1991.
Type locality
England, Isles of Scilly, Tresco.
Remarks
The holotype is mounted on a card and is entire.
description: Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on pages 104-105, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773
Proper motions of 15 pulsars: a comparison between Bayesian and frequentist algorithms
Creators: name: Li, L.
name: Wang, N.
name: Yuan, J. P.
name: Wang, J. B.
name: Hobbs, G.
name: Lentati, L.
name: Manchester, R. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present proper motions for 15 pulsars which are observed regularly by the Nanshan 25-m radio telescope. Two methods, the frequentist method (Coles et al.2011) and the Bayesian (Lentati et al. 2014) method, are used and the results are compared. We demonstrate that the two methods can be applied to young pulsar data sets that exhibit large amounts of timing noise with steep spectral exponents and give consistent results. The measured positions also agree with very-long-baseline interferometric positions. Proper motions for four pulsars are obtained for the first time, and improved values are obtained for five pulsars.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures and 7 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Deep learning of systematic sea ice model errors from data assimilation increments
Creators: name: Gregory, William
name: Bushuk, Mitchell
name: Adcroft, Alistair
name: Zhang, Yongfei
name: Zanna, Laure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Data assimilation is often viewed as a framework for correcting short-term error growth in dynamical climate model forecasts. When viewed on the time scales of climate however, these short-term corrections, or analysis increments, can closely mirror the systematic bias patterns of the dynamical model. In this study, we use convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to learn a mapping from model state variables to analysis increments, in order to showcase the feasibility of a data-driven model parameterization which can predict state-dependent model errors. We undertake this problem using an ice-ocean data assimilation system within the Seamless system for Prediction and EArth system Research (SPEAR) model, developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, which assimilates satellite observations of sea ice concentration every 5 days between 1982--2017. The CNN then takes inputs of data assimilation forecast states and tendencies, and makes predictions of the corresponding sea ice concentration increments. Specifically, the inputs are states and tendencies of sea ice concentration, sea-surface temperature, ice velocities, ice thickness, net shortwave radiation, ice-surface skin temperature, sea-surface salinity, as well as a land-sea mask. We find the CNN is able to make skillful predictions of the increments in both the Arctic and Antarctic and across all seasons, with skill that consistently exceeds that of a climatological increment prediction. This suggests that the CNN could be used to reduce sea ice biases in free-running SPEAR simulations, either as a sea ice parameterization or an online bias correction tool for numerical sea ice forecasts.
description: 38 pages, 8 figures, 10 supplementary figures
Quadrature domains for the Helmholtz equation with applications to non-scattering phenomena
Creators: name: Kow, Pu-Zhao
name: Larson, Simon
name: Salo, Mikko
name: Shahgholian, Henrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J05, 35J15, 35J20, 35R30, 35R35

description: In this paper, we introduce quadrature domains for the Helmholtz equation. We show existence results for such domains and implement the so-called partial balayage procedure. We also give an application to inverse scattering problems, and show that there are non-scattering domains for the Helmholtz equation at any positive frequency that have inward cusps.
description: 45 pages, 6 figures
Elastic aging from coexistence and transformations of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric states in PZT
Creators: name: Cordero, Francesco
name: Craciun, Floriana
name: Trequattrini, Francesco
name: Galizia, Pietro
name: Galassi, Carmen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Materials undergoing antiferroelectric/ferroelectric (AFE/FE) transitions are studied for possible applications that exploit the large volume, charge and entropy differences between the two states, such as electrocaloric cooling, energy storage, electromechanical actuators. Though certain compositions of PZT codoped with La and Sn may withstand millions of electrically induced AFE/FE cycles, in other cases few thermally induced cycles and room temperature aging may cause noticeable changes in the material properties. This is particularly evident in the elastic moduli, which at room temperature can become as much as four times softer. In order to get more insight into the mechanisms involved in such elastic aging and full recovering with mild annealing at 600-800 K, the effect of La doping on PZT with 4.6% Ti is studied with anelastic measurements. Complete suppression of the time dependent phenomena is found after the transformation of the intermediate FE phase into incommensurate AFE by 2% La doping. This is discussed in terms of disappearance of the stress and electric fields at the FE/AFE interfaces, in the light of the thermally activated anelastic relaxation processes that are observed at high temperature, and are due to mobile defects, presumably O vacancies.
Prospects for the observation of continuous gravitational waves from spinning neutron stars lensed by the galactic supermassive black hole
Creators: name: Basak, Soummyadip
name: Sharma, Aditya Kumar
name: Kapadia, Shasvath J.
name: Ajith, Parameswaran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the prospects of detecting continuous gravitational waves (CGWs) from spinning neutron stars (NSs), gravitationally lensed by the galactic supermassive black hole. Assuming various astrophysically motivated spatial distributions of galactic NSs, we find that CGW signals from a few ($\sim 0-6$) neutron stars should be strongly lensed. Lensing will produce two copies of the signal (with time delays of seconds to minutes) that will interfere with each other. The relative motion of the NS with respect to the lensing optical axis will change the interference pattern, which will help us to identify a lensed signal. Accounting for the magnifications and time delays of the lensed signals, we investigate their detectability by ground-based detectors. Modelling the spin distribution of NSs based on that of known pulsars and assuming an ellipticity of $ε= 10^{-7}$, lensed CGWs are unlikely to be detectable by LIGO and Virgo in realistic searches involving $\mathcal{O}(10^{12})$ templates. However, third generation detectors have a $\sim 2-51\%$ probability of detecting at least one lensed CGW signal. For an ellipticity of $ε= 10^{-8}$, the detection probability reduces to $\sim 0-18 \, \% $. Though rare, such an observation will enable interesting probes of the supermassive black hole and its environment.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Hydrodynamical simulations of the tidal stripping of binary stars by massive black holes
Creators: name: Mainetti, Deborah
name: Lupi, Alessandro
name: Campana, Sergio
name: Colpi, Monica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a galactic nucleus, a star on a low angular momentum orbit around the central massive black hole can be fully or partially disrupted by the black hole tidal field, lighting up the compact object via gas accretion. This phenomenon can repeat if the star, not fully disrupted, is on a closed orbit. Because of the multiplicity of stars in binary systems, also binary stars may experience in pairs such a fate, immediately after being tidally separated. The consumption of both the binary components by the black hole is expected to power a double-peaked flare. In this paper, we perform for the first time, with GADGET2, a suite of smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of binary stars around a galactic central black hole in the Newtonian regime. We show that accretion luminosity light curves from double tidal disruptions reveal a more prominent knee, rather than a double peak, when decreasing the impact parameter of the encounter and when elevating the difference between the mass of the star which leaves the system after binary separation and the mass of the companion. The detection of a knee can anticipate the onset of periodic accretion luminosity flares if one of the stars, only partially disrupted, remains bound to the black hole after binary separation. Thus knees could be precursors of periodic flares, which can then be predicted, followed up and better modelled. Analytical estimates in the black hole mass range $10^5-10^8 \rm M_{\rm \odot}$ show that the knee signature is enhanced in the case of black holes of mass $10^6-10^7 \rm M_{\rm \odot}$.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, 8 tables. Accepted by MNRAS
Array Program Transformation with Loo.py by Example: High-Order Finite Elements
Creators: name: Klöckner, Andreas
name: Wilcox, Lucas C.
name: Warburton, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: D.3.4; D.1.3; G.4

description: To concisely and effectively demonstrate the capabilities of our program transformation system Loo.py, we examine a transformation path from two real-world Fortran subroutines as found in a weather model to a single high-performance computational kernel suitable for execution on modern GPU hardware. Along the transformation path, we encounter kernel fusion, vectorization, prefetch- ing, parallelization, and algorithmic changes achieved by mechanized conversion between imperative and functional/substitution- based code, among a number more. We conclude with performance results that demonstrate the effects and support the effectiveness of the applied transformations.
Supratransmission-induced travelling breathers in long Josephson junctions
Creators: name: De Santis, Duilio
name: Guarcello, Claudio
name: Spagnolo, Bernardo
name: Carollo, Angelo
name: Valenti, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emergence of travelling sine-Gordon breathers due to the nonlinear supratransmission effect is theoretically studied in a long Josephson junction driven by suitable magnetic pulses, taking into account the presence of dissipation, a current bias, and a thermal noise source. The simulations clearly indicate that, depending on the pulse's shape and the values of the main system parameters, such a configuration can effectively yield breather excitations only. Furthermore, a nonmonotonic behavior of the breather-only generation probability is observed as a function of the noise intensity. Finally, the dynamics of the supratransmission-induced breathers is characterized by looking at quantities such as their radiative decay lifetime and the medium's energy.
description: 27 pages, 12 figures
Lorentz symmetry breaking -- classical and quantum aspects
Creators: name: Mariz, T.
name: Nascimento, J. R.
name: Petrov, A. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this book, we review various aspects of the Lorentz symmetry breaking, both classical and quantum ones, with the special interest to perturbative generation of Lorentz-breaking terms. We present impacts of Lorentz symmetry breaking in noncommutative and supersymmetric theories. Also, we discuss the problem of Lorentz symmetry breaking in a curved space-time. The book is closed with a review of experimental studies of Lorentz symmetry breaking.
description: 122 pages, published in SpringerBriefs in Physics
The Degrees-of-Freedom in Monostatic ISAC Channels: NLoS Exploitation vs. Reduction
Creators: name: Lu, Shihang
name: Liu, Fan
name: Hanzo, Lajos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The degrees of freedom (DoFs) attained in monostatic integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) are analyzed. Specifically, monostatic sensing aims for extracting target-orientation information from the line of sight (LoS) channel between the transmitter and the target, since the Non-LoS (NLoS) paths only contain clutter or interference. By contrast, in wireless communications, typically, both the LoS and NLoS paths are exploited for achieving diversity or multiplexing gains. Hence, we shed light on the NLoS exploitation vs. reduction tradeoffs in a monostatic ISAC scenario. In particular, we optimize the transmit power of each signal path to maximize the communication rate, while guaranteeing the sensing performance for the target. The non-convex problem formulated is firstly solved in closed form for a single-NLoS-link scenario, then we harness the popular successive convex approximation (SCA) method for a general multiple-NLoS-link scenario. Our simulation results characterize the fundamental performance tradeoffs between sensing and communication, demonstrating that the available DoFs in the ISAC channel should be efficiently exploited in a way that is distinctly different from that of communication-only scenarios.
description: Submit to IEEE Journal. 5 pages, 4 figures
Elementary Relative Tractor Calculus for Legendrean contact structures
Creators: name: Wasilewicz, Michał Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D12

description: For a manifold $M$ endowed with a Legendrean (or Lagrangean) contact structure $E\oplus F \subset TM$, we give an elementary construction of an invariant partial connection on the quotient bundle $TM/F$. This permits us to develop a naïve version of relative tractor calculus and to construct a second order invariant differential operator, which turns out to be the first relative BGG operator induced by the partial connection.
description: 8 pages, v2: corrected typos
Hardy and Rellich inequality on lattices
Creators: name: Gupta, Shubham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 39B62, 26D10, 35A23

description: In this paper, we study the asymptotic behaviour of the sharp constant in discrete Hardy and Rellich inequality on the lattice $\mathbb{Z}^d$ as $d \rightarrow \infty$. In the process, we proved some Hardy-type inequalities for the operators $Δ^m$ and $\nabla(Δ^m)$ for non-negative integers $m$ on a $d$ dimensional torus. It turns out that the sharp constant in discrete Hardy and Rellich inequality grows as $d$ and $d^2$ respectively as $ d \rightarrow \infty$.
description: minor changes: some references and remarks added
Critical phenomena in the extended phase space of Kerr-Newman-AdS black holes
Creators: name: Cheng, Peng
name: Wei, Shao-Wen
name: Liu, Yu-Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Treating the cosmological constant as a thermodynamic pressure, we investigate the critical behavior of a Kerr-Newman-AdS black hole system. The critical points for the van der Waals like phase transition are numerically solved. The highly accurate fitting formula for them is given and is found to be dependent of the charge $Q$ and angular momentum $J$. In the reduced parameter space, we find that the temperature, Gibbs free energy, and coexistence curve depend only on the dimensionless angular momentum-charge ratio $ε=J/Q^2$ rather than $Q$ and $J$. Moreover, when varying $ε$ from 0 to $\infty$, the coexistence curve will continuously change from that of the Reissner-Nordström-AdS black hole to the Kerr-AdS black hole. These results may guide us to study the critical phenomena for other thermodynamic systems with two characteristic parameters.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, and 1 table
Understanding Factors that Shape Children's Long Term Engagement with an In-Home Learning Companion Robot
Creators: name: Cagiltay, Bengisu
name: White, Nathan
name: Ibtasar, Rabia
name: Mutlu, Bilge
name: Michaelis, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Social robots are emerging as learning companions for children, and research shows that they facilitate the development of interest and learning even through brief interactions. However, little is known about how such technologies might support these goals in authentic environments over long-term periods of use and interaction. We designed a learning companion robot capable of supporting children reading popular-science books by expressing social and informational commentaries. We deployed the robot in homes of 14 families with children aged 10-12 for four weeks during the summer. Our analysis revealed critical factors that affected children's long-term engagement and adoption of the robot, including external factors such as vacations, family visits, and extracurricular activities; family/parental involvement; and children's individual interests. We present four in-depth cases that illustrate these factors and demonstrate their impact on children's reading experiences and discuss the implications of our findings for robot design.
description: Interaction Design and Children Conference, 2022
Emergence of Persistent Infection due to Heterogeneity
Creators: name: Agrawal, Vidit
name: Moitra, Promit
name: Sinha, Sudeshna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the emergence of persistent infection in a patch of population, where the disease progression of the individuals is given by the SIRS model and an individual becomes infected on contact with another infected individual. We investigate the persistence of contagion qualitatively and quantitatively, under varying degrees of heterogeneity in the initial population. We observe that when the initial population is uniform, consisting of individuals at the same stage of disease progression, infection arising from a contagious seed does not persist. However when the initial population consists of randomly distributed refractory and susceptible individuals, a single source of infection can lead to sustained infection in the population, as heterogeneity facilitates the de-synchronization of the phases in the disease cycle of the individuals. We also show how the average size of the window of persistence of infection depends on the degree of heterogeneity in the initial composition of the population. In particular, we show that the infection eventually dies out when the entire initial population is susceptible, while even a few susceptibles among an heterogeneous refractory population gives rise to a large persistent infected set.
Array of Individual Circular Rydberg Atoms Trapped in Optical Tweezers
Creators: name: Ravon, Brice
name: Méhaignerie, Paul
name: Machu, Yohann
name: Hernández, Andrés Durán
name: Favier, Maxime
name: Raimond, Jean-Michel
name: Brune, Michel
name: Sayrin, Clément
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Circular Rydberg atoms (CRAs), i.e., Rydberg atoms with maximal orbital momentum, are highly promising for quantum computation, simulation and sensing. They combine long natural lifetimes with strong inter-atomic interactions and coupling to electromagnetic fields. Trapping individual CRAs is essential to harness these unique features. We report the first demonstration of CRAs laser-trapping in a programmable array of optical bottle beams. We observe the decay of a trapped Rubidium circular level over 5ms using a novel optical detection method. This first optical detection of alkali CRAs is both spatially- and level selective. We finally observe the mechanical oscillations of the CRAs in the traps. This work opens the route to the use of circular levels in quantum devices. It is also promising for quantum simulation and information processing using the full extent of Rydberg manifolds.
Uncovering the planets and stellar activity of CoRoT-7 using only radial velocities
Creators: name: Faria, J. P.
name: Haywood, R. D.
name: Brewer, B. J.
name: Figueira, P.
name: Oshagh, M.
name: Santerne, A.
name: Santos, N. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar activity can induce signals in the radial velocities of stars, complicating the detection of orbiting low-mass planets. We present a method to determine the number of planetary signals present in radial-velocity datasets of active stars, using only radial-velocity observations. Instead of considering separate fits with different number of planets, we use a birth-death Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to infer the posterior distribution for the number of planets in a single run. In a natural way, the marginal distributions for the orbital parameters of all planets are also inferred. This method is applied to HARPS data of CoRoT-7. We confidently recover both CoRoT-7b and CoRoT-7c although the data show evidence for additional signals.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in A&A, language editing revisions
Exploring Children's Preferences for Taking Care of a Social Robot
Creators: name: Cagiltay, Bengisu
name: Michaelis, Joseph
name: Sebo, Sarah
name: Mutlu, Bilge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Research in child-robot interactions suggests that engaging in "care-taking" of a social robot, such as tucking the robot in at night, can strengthen relationships formed between children and robots. In this work, we aim to better understand and explore the design space of caretaking activities with 10 children, aged 8--12 from eight families, involving an exploratory design session followed by a preliminary feasibility testing of robot caretaking activities. The design sessions provided insight into children's current caretaking tasks, how they would take care of a social robot, and how these new caretaking activities could be integrated into their daily routines. The feasibility study tested two different types of robot caretaking tasks, which we call connection and utility, and measured their short term effects on children's perceptions of and closeness to the social robot. We discuss the themes and present interaction design guidelines of robot caretaking activities for children.
description: Interaction Design and Children Conference, 2022