Vampyriscus bidens
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Mittermeier, Russell A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Phyllostomidae
Vampyriscus
Vampyriscus bidens

description: 149. Bidentate Yellow-eared Bat <i>Vampyriscus bidens</i> <b>French:</b> Vampyresse bidentée / <b>German:</b> Zweizahn-Gelbohrenfledermaus / <b>Spanish:</b> Vampiresa bidente <b>Taxonomy.</b> Chiroderma bidens Dobson, 1878, “Huallaga.” Identified by R. L.. Peterson in 1968 as Rio Huallaga, and restrict ed by D. C. Carter and P. G. Dolan in 1978 to Santa Cruz, Rio Huallaga, Loreto, Peru. Vampyriscus bidens is the type species of the genus, which was first proposed as a subgenus of Vampyrops (= Platyrrhinus) by O. Thomas in 1900. Its distinction as a valid genus, distinct from Vampyressa, comes from molecular and morphological analyses. Monotypic. <b>Distribution.</b> Amazonian Basin and Guianan Shield in Colombia E of Andes, Venezuela, the Guianas, E Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, and N &amp; C Bolivia. <b>Descriptive notes.</b> Head-body 55-60 mm (males) and 50-59 mm (females), tailless, ear 14-18 mm (males) and 11-18 mm (females), hindfoot 9-11 mm (males) and 8-11 mm (females), forearm 35-6-37 mm (males) and 34-9-37-1 mm (females); weight 11-12 mm (males) and 11:7-13 mm (females). Greatest lengths of skulls are 19:9-20-3 mm (males) and 19-6-20-2 mm (females). Female Bidentate Yellow-eared Bats are slightly larger than males. Dorsal pelage ranges from dark chocolate to medium or pale brown. Fur on neck and upper back is paler than fur on lower back. Venter is paler than dorsum. There are two pairs of well-defined bright dorso-medial and ventrolateral facial stripes, and bright white stripe crosses dorsum in midline, extending from posterior head to posterior end of body. Ear pinna is edged with bright yellow margin, which is interrupted in dorso-lateral part of ear pinna. Lateral attachment of tragus has developed gland-like structure that is often swollen and hirsute. Noseleafis bicolored, with most of horseshoe and lateral flap of lancet pale, generally yellow, but column of centralrib is brown. Uropatagium is hairless or has only sparse hair, and itis deeply notched. Nasal bones are short and bowed anteroposteriorly, occupying about one-half of rostrum, and lateral maxilla is compressed at level of premolars. Basisphenoid pits are narrow and shallow. I' approaches the form of an elongated cylinder that can be bilobed or not (when bilobed notch is shallow), and its tip converges medially. I* is much smaller and peg-like and has minute posteromedial cusp. P, is blade-like. One lowerincisoris present, rarely two. There is a slender cusp-like projection arising from posterolateral part of cingulum of P*. Minute peg-like M, is generally present. Dental formulais12/1,C1/1,P2/2,M 2/3 (x2) = 28, although some polymorphisms have been reported in number of incisors (some individuals with two in each ramus of the mandible) and presence/absence of a M, (some individuals withoutit). Chromosomal complement has 2n = 26 and FN = 48, which is the same as one of its congeners, the Striped Yellow-eared Bat (V. nymphaea). The three species of Vampyriscus have entirely biarmed autosomal complements. <b>Habitat.</b> Well-preserved tropical humid forests (Venezuela and Brazil), preserved and disturbed forested habitats (Peru), and savanna on the edge of a forest (Suriname) at elevations of 200-1000 m. Although the Bidentate Yellow-eared Bat often occurs in low densities in the Guianas and central and eastern Amazonia, there are reports that it was one of the most abundant locally recorded species of bats in Mishana, northern Peru, and near the Aripuana River, Brazil. It has been captured in large numbers in a flyway near a house and in a place with fruit trees such as Ficus (Moraceae), Inga marginata (Fabaceae), and Pourouma cecropiaefolia (Urticaceae) at Mishana, Peru. <b>Food and Feeding.</b> The Bidentate Yellow-eared Bat eats fruit. Seeds of Piper spp. (Piperaceae) have been found in fecal samples from Central Amazonia. <b>Breeding.</b> Several pregnant Bidentate Yellow-eared Bats have been reported in October-November and December in Peru. In Central Amazonia, a pregnant female was captured in February, and lactating females were captured in April andJune. In the region of middle Madeira and Aripuana rivers, central western Amazonian Brazil, ¢.87% of females captured (n = 90) were pregnant in September, and 83% were lactating in April-May. One pregnant female was captured in Suriname in August, and another was taken in September in Bolivia. <b>Activity patterns.</b> The Bidentate Yellow-eared Bat has been reported to fly more often at dusk, but it might fly up until dawn and rarely in early morning, according to observations of Peruvian populations. <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> The Bidentate Yellow-eared Bat has been reported to share a water hole with many other stenodermatines and a Lowland Tapir (Tapirus terrestris) in Venezuela. <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Bidentate Yellow-eared Bat has a large distribution and seems common at some localities. <b>Bibliography.</b> Arroyo-Cabrales (2008c), Bernard (2002), Bobrowiec (2007), Carter &amp; Dolan (1978), Davis &amp; Dixon (1976), Gardner (1977a), Honeycutt et al. (1980), Hoofer &amp; Baker (2006), Lee et al. (2001), Peterson (1968), Tavares (2008), Thomas (1900).
description: Published as part of <i>Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Phyllostomidae, pp. 444-583 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on page 555, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6458594