cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Axon Degeneration in C. Elegans
Creators: name: Rawson, Randi L.
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019

description: Axons degenerate following injury and during "dying-back" neurodegenerative diseases, which are characterized by early degeneration of synapses and axons. While injury and disease are clearly distinct events, they share some common regulators. Although these problems have been extensively studied, very little is known about which molecules initiate and execute the degeneration process. Uncovering mediators of axonal degeneration could provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. This dissertation studies axon degeneration in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, where degeneration can be induced genetically or by injury. Axons degenerate in a manner consistent with Wallerian degeneration; they swell and fragment into debris particles that are engulfed by other cells. I have studied two main aspects of axon degeneration. First, I have shown that mitochondria are required to prevent the initiation of axon degeneration. I characterize a novel gene ric-7, which is required for mitochondrial export from neuronal cell bodies. In both ric-7 mutant and wild-type axons, degeneration is enhanced in the absence of mitochondria. Thus, mitochondria primarily protect axons and are not required for the execution of degeneration. Second, I have identified genes required for nonprofessional phagocytes to engulf neuronal debris following degeneration. I demonstrate that hypodermal cells engulf degenerating axons in C. elegans and that only some of the programmed cell death (ced) genes are involved. There are two parallel pathways that mediate engulfment of cell corpses during apoptosis; ced-1, -6, -7 and ced-2, -5, -10, -12. Both ced-1 and ced-6 are required for engulfment of degenerating axons, but not the parallel ced-2, -5, -12 pathway. Thus, epithelial cells engulf degenerating axons in a manner that is distinct from both apoptosis and macrophage/gliamediated engulfment of degenerating axons. C. elegans will be a useful model system for uncovering novel regulators of mitochondria-mediated axon protection and epithelia-mediated engulfment.
A Unified, Merger-Driven Model for the Origin of Starbursts, Quasars, the Cosmic X-Ray Background, Supermassive Black Holes and Galaxy Spheroids
Creators: name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Cox, Thomas J.
name: Di Matteo, Tiziana
name: Robertson, Brant
name: Springel, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an evolutionary model for starbursts, quasars, and spheroidal galaxies in which mergers between gas-rich galaxies drive nuclear inflows of gas, producing intense starbursts and feeding the buried growth of supermassive black holes (BHs) until feedback expels gas and renders a briefly visible optical quasar. The quasar lifetime and obscuring column density depend on both the instantaneous and peak luminosity of the quasar, and we determine this dependence using a large set of simulations of galaxy mergers varying host galaxy properties, orbital geometry, and gas physics. We use these fits to deconvolve observed quasar luminosity functions (LFs) and obtain the evolution of the formation rate of quasars with a certain peak luminosity, n(L_peak,z). Quasars spend extended periods of time at luminosities well below peak, and so n(L_peak) has a maximum corresponding to the 'break' in the observed LF, falling off at both brighter and fainter luminosities. From n(L_peak) and our simulation results, we obtain self-consistent fits to hard and soft X-ray and optical quasar LFs and predict many observables, including: column density distributions of optical and X-ray samples, the LF of broad-line quasars in X-ray samples and the broad-line fraction as a function of luminosity, active BH mass functions, the distribution of Eddington ratios at z~0-2, the z=0 mass function of relic BHs and total mass density of BHs, and the cosmic X-ray background. In every case, our predictions agree well with observed estimates, and unlike previous modeling attempts, we are able to reproduce them without invoking any ad hoc assumptions about source properties or distributions. We provide a library of Monte Carlo realizations of our models for comparison with observations. (Abridged)
description: 50 pages, 25 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJS, March 2006. Revised and expanded with comments from referee report
Biochemical studies of retroviral replication and TRIM5α restriction
Creators: name: Langelier, Charles R.
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: Molecular biology
Biochemistry
Virology

description: During early stages of infection, HIV-1 and other lentiviruses progress through a series of cytoplasmic events that include capsid uncoating, reverse transcription and formation of the preintegration complex (PIC). In certain primates, the intrinsic immune factor TRIM5α can bind to lentiviral capsids and disrupt this program. Neither TRIM5α restriction nor early retroviral replication is understood in mechanistic detail and both were therefore the targets of investigation for research described in this dissertation. Chapter 2 describes a system for producing multimilligram quantities of an active TRIM5α variant, termed TRIM5-21R. TRIM5-21R is a chimeric protein composed primarily of the TRIM5α from rhesus (rh) monkeys, except for the N-terminal RING domain, which comes from the human TRIM21 protein. Recombinant TRIM5-21R was functional, as judged by its ability to autoubiquitylate in reconstituted ubiquitin transfer reactions and to bind specifically to HIV and EIAV capsid assemblies. Gel filtration and analytical ultracentrifugation experiments demonstrated that TRIM5-21R formed stable dimers, and chemical crosslinking experiments showed that TRIM5α proteins expressed in mammalian cells are also predominantly dimeric. We anticipate that this system for producing pure recombinant TRIM5-21R will facilitate future studies of the biochemistry, mechanism, and structural biology of this important class of antiretroviral proteins. Research described in the remaining chapters of this thesis characterized the requirement for the ESCRT-II complex in HIV budding and endosomal protein sorting (Chapter 4), structural and biochemical properties of the ubiquitin-binding EAP45 GLUE domain (Chapter 5), the molecular mechanism of (ESCRT-II involvement in) Hepcidin-mediated Ferroportin down-regulation (Chapter 6) and self-assembly of pure recombinant ESCRT-III proteins into helical tubes (Chapter 7).
Topological Sectors and Gauge invariance in massive Vector-Tensor Theories in D >=4
Creators: name: Arias, Pio J.
name: Leal, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A family of locally equivalent models is considered. They can be taken as a generalization to $d+1$ dimensions of the Topological Massive and ``Self-dual'' models in 2+1 dimensions. The corresponding 3+1 models are analized in detail. It is shown that one model can be seen as a gauge fixed version of the other, and their space of classical solutions differs in a topological sector represented by the classical solutions of a pure BF model. The topological sector can be gauged out on cohomologically trivial base manifolds but on general settings it may be responsible of the difference in the long distance behaviour of the models. The presence of this topological sector appears explicitly in the partition function of the theories. The generalization of this models to higher dimensions is shown to be straightfoward.
description: 15 pages in LaTeX. This is a revised version. The BRST invariant covariant effective action and partition function for the 3+1 BF theory are explicity calculated, static solutions for special sources of the Proca and TM model are included and compared, some references added
Additional file 1 of Glycemic variability and in-hospital death of critically ill patients and the role of ventricular arrhythmias
Creators: name: Su, Yuhao
name: Fan, Weiguo
name: Liu, Yang
name: Hong, Kui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Lettre de Michal Jan Borch à Jean-François Séguier, 1775-09-09
Creators: name: Borch, Michal Jan
name: Borch, Michal Jan
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2022
Subjects: Histoire naturelle (général)

description: Ce 9 7bre 1775 de Lyon

Je n’ai pu jusqu’à présent, Monsieur, Vous remercier des dendrittes que Vous avés eu la bonté de menvoïer, elles m’ont étés remises depuis très longtemps mais, si je ne vous ai point témoigné ma reconnaissance au sujet de cet envoi, j’ai pour moi une excuse bien légale aux yeux d’un français, c’est mon ardeur à voler sur les pas de Mme Clotilde, qui de même qu’un astre ne devait qu’apparaître sur notre horizon. A présent que son départ nous laisse un peu l’esprit en repos, je commence par vous remercier de votre gratieuxsouvenir, et pars demain pour le mont Pilate. Le manque de tems ne me permet pas de prolonger ma lettre au gré de mon désir. Je vous embrasse [fol. 364v] en idée, et Vous prie d’etre persuadé des sentimens devoués et sincères avec lesquels je suis à jamais Monsieur
Votre très humble et très obeissant serviteur 
Comte de Borch
description: Source: [établissement de conservation] Nîmes, Bibliothèque Carré d'Art [cote] ms. 138, fol. 364
Hidden Sector Dark Matter and the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess: A Closer Look
Creators: name: Escudero, Miguel
name: Witte, Samuel J.
name: Hooper, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stringent constraints from direct detection experiments and the Large Hadron Collider motivate us to consider models in which the dark matter does not directly couple to the Standard Model, but that instead annihilates into hidden sector particles which ultimately decay through small couplings to the Standard Model. We calculate the gamma-ray emission generated within the context of several such hidden sector models, including those in which the hidden sector couples to the Standard Model through the vector portal (kinetic mixing with Standard Model hypercharge), through the Higgs portal (mixing with the Standard Model Higgs boson), or both. In each case, we identify broad regions of parameter space in which the observed spectrum and intensity of the Galactic Center gamma-ray excess can easily be accommodated, while providing an acceptable thermal relic abundance and remaining consistent with all current constraints. We also point out that cosmic-ray antiproton measurements could potentially discriminate some hidden sector models from more conventional dark matter scenarios.
description: v2: Published Version. Added references and text, and modified Figure 1. Conclusions unchanged. v1: 28 pages, 35 figures
A Geometric Representation for the Proca Model
Creators: name: Camacaro, Jaime
name: Gaitán, Rolando
name: Leal, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Proca model is quantized in an open-path dependent representation that generalizes the Loop Representation of gauge theories. The starting point is a gauge invariant Lagrangian that reduces to the Proca Lagrangian when certain gauge is selected.
description: 10 pages, Latex
ALMA and GMRT constraints on the off-axis gamma-ray burst 170817A from the binary neutron star merger GW170817
Creators: name: Kim, Sam
name: Schulze, Steve
name: Resmi, Lekshmi
name: González-López, Jorge
name: Higgins, Adam. B.
name: Ishwara-Chandra, C. H.
name: Bauer, Franz. E.
name: de Gregorio-Monsalvo, Itziar
name: De Pasquale, Massimiliano
name: Postigo, Antonio de Ugarte
name: Kann, David A.
name: Martín, Sergio
name: Oates, Samantha R.
name: Starling, Rhaana L. C.
name: Tanvir, Nial. R.
name: Buchner, Johannes
name: Campana, Sergio
name: Cano, Zach
name: Covino, Stefano
name: Fruchter, Andrew S.
name: Fynbo, Johan P. U.
name: Hartmann, Dieter H.
name: Hjorth, Jens
name: Jakobsson, Pall P.
name: Levan, Andrew J.
name: Malesani, Daniele
name: Michałowski, Michal J.
name: Milvang-Jensen, Bo
name: Misra, Kuntal
name: O'Brien, Paul T.
name: Sánchez-Ramírez, Rubén
name: Thöne, Christina C.
name: Watson, Darach J.
name: Wiersema, Klaas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binary neutron-star mergers (BNSMs) are among the most readily detectable gravitational-wave (GW) sources with LIGO. They are also thought to produce short $γ$-ray bursts (SGRBs), and kilonovae that are powered by r-process nuclei. Detecting these phenomena simultaneously would provide an unprecedented view of the physics during and after the merger of two compact objects. Such a Rosetta Stone event was detected by LIGO/Virgo on 17 August 2017 at a distance of $\sim 44$ Mpc. We monitored the position of the BNSM with ALMA at 338.5 GHz and GMRT at 1.4 GHz, from 1.4 to 44 days after the merger. Our observations rule out any afterglow more luminous than $3\times 10^{26}~{\rm erg\,s}^{-1}\,{\rm Hz}^{-1}$ in these bands, probing $>$2--4 dex fainter than previous SGRB limits. We match these limits, in conjunction with public data announcing the appearance of X-ray and radio emission in the weeks after the GW event, to templates of off-axis afterglows. Our broadband modeling suggests that GW170817 was accompanied by a SGRB and that the GRB jet, powered by $E_{\rm AG,\,iso}\sim10^{50}$~erg, had a half-opening angle of $\sim20^\circ$, and was misaligned by $\sim41^\circ$ from our line of sight. The data are also consistent with a more collimated jet: $E_{\rm AG,\,iso}\sim10^{51}$~erg, $θ_{1/2,\,\rm jet}\sim5^\circ$, $θ_{\rm obs}\sim17^\circ$. This is the most conclusive detection of an off-axis GRB afterglow and the first associated with a BNSM-GW event to date. Assuming a uniform top-hat jet, we use the viewing angle estimates to infer the initial bulk Lorentz factor and true energy release of the burst.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letter. 12 pages, 4 figures
title: Carte des camps d'été du service de la Jeunesse et des sports
title: Carte des camps d'été du service de la Jeunesse et des sports
Creators: name: :Unkn
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Camps d'été

description: Cartographie
description: BESM-carto_1951-49-p225_49-07
description: 225
description: 49
description: Bulletin économique et social du Maroc
description: Source: Maison méditerranéenne des sciences de l'homme, Cité numérique de la Méditerranée (Cinumed), Bibliothèque nationale du Royaume du Maroc (BNRM)
description: Source: Bulletin économique et social du Maroc
description: Source: Bulletin économique et social du Maroc (BESM) > BESM (Cartographie)
description: Relation: https://cinumed.mmsh.univ-aix.fr/idurl/1/81939
description: Coverage: Maroc
description: Coverage: XXe siècle
description: Temporal: XXe siècle
description: Bibliographic citation: « Carte des camps d'été du service de la Jeunesse et des sports », In Bulletin économique et social du Maroc (BESM), n° 49, 1951
description: Provenance: Maison méditerranéenne des sciences de l'homme, Cité numérique de la Méditerranée (Cinumed), Bibliothèque nationale du Royaume du Maroc (BNRM)
description: Provenance: https://cinumed.mmsh.univ-aix.fr/
Balanced at the edges : feminist organizing as oppositional practice
Creators: name: Burrington, Debra Diane
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Womens studies
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Social structure

description: This research considers feminist organization as a variant of collectivist organization which, given the hegemony of bureaucratic forms of modern organization, exists as an "alternative" or "oppositional" practice. In this context the research concentrates on feminist political organizations and explores the dilemma faced by all groups that want to function as oppositional forces in society: close contact with bureaucratic structures is required for such groups to influence the public policy agenda, and yet, this close contact may also necessitate significant departure from oppositional structures, processes, strategies and issue preferences. What this dilemma suggests is that these organizations must initiate strategies for simultaneously complying with and deviating from structures, processes and political agendas that are regarded as acceptable by and to those entities these oppositional organizations hope to influence. They must learn to balance at the edges of liberal and radical politics, of reform and transformation, of assimilation and opposition, thus refiguring oppositional terms into oscillations that have neither beginning nor end. I assert that feminist organizations that desire to engage in a largely oppositional politics appear in structure and practice closer to the collectivist end of what I call the bureaucratic-collectivist continuum; however, due to their interest in influencing public policies, they have also learned to incorporate certain features that resemble bureaucratic forms. The feminist purposes of these organizations act as a "corrective" to these tendencies, though, because of the primacy of means or process over ends or results within feminist organizational practices. The research--which includes participant observation, survey research, and review of other empirical studies of feminist organizations--points to the difficulties many of these organizations have in dealing with the differences which are made even more visible because of the focus of marginalized populations on their supposedly common identities. I suggest that the focus on "identity politics" and "politics of difference" has brought us to an impasse, one which can be moved around by a reappropriation of the concept of "interest" as the foundation--instead of "identity"--for oppositional politics, and a shift toward "project politics" and away from "coalition politics." Finally, I argue for the invention of techniques for institutionalizing contradiction within oppositional organizations and an embracing of intentionally schizophrenic political practices designed to help us move beyond quests for unity and into a terrain of fragmented, but tenuously balanced, agendas for social and political change.
State space structure and entanglement of rotationally invariant spin systems
Creators: name: Breuer, Heinz-Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the structure of SO(3)-invariant quantum systems which are composed of two particles with spins j_1 and j_2. The states of the composite spin system are represented by means of two complete sets of rotationally invariant operators, namely by the projections P_J onto the eigenspaces of the total angular momentum J, and by certain invariant operators Q_K which are built out of spherical tensor operators of rank K. It is shown that these representations are connected by an orthogonal matrix whose elements are expressible in terms of Wigner's 6-j symbols. The operation of the partial time reversal of the combined spin system is demonstrated to be diagonal in the Q_K-representation. These results are employed to obtain a complete characterization of spin systems with j_1 = 1 and arbitrary j_2 > 1. We prove that the Peres-Horodecki criterion of positive partial transposition (PPT) is necessary and sufficient for separability if j_2 is an integer, while for half-integer spins j_2 there always exist entangled PPT states (bound entanglement). We construct an optimal entanglement witness for the case of half-integer spins and design a protocol for the detection of entangled PPT states through measurements of the total angular momentum.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Marginally bound (critical) geodesics of rapidly rotating black holes
Creators: name: Hod, Shahar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most important geodesics in a black-hole spacetime is the marginally bound spherical orbit. This critical geodesic represents the innermost spherical orbit which is bound to the central black hole. The radii $r_{\text{mb}}({\bar a})$ of the marginally bound {\it equatorial} circular geodesics of rotating Kerr black holes were found analytically by Bardeen {\it et. al.} more than four decades ago (here $\bar a\equiv J/M^2$ is the dimensionless angular-momentum of the black hole). On the other hand, no closed-form formula exists in the literature for the radii of generic ({\it non}-equatorial) marginally bound geodesics of the rotating Kerr spacetime. In the present study we analyze the critical (marginally bound) orbits of rapidly rotating Kerr black holes. In particular, we derive a simple {\it analytical} formula for the radii $r_{\text{mb}}(\bar a\simeq 1;\cos i)$ of the marginally bound spherical orbits, where $\cos i$ is an effective inclination angle (with respect to the black-hole equatorial plane) of the geodesic. We find that the marginally bound spherical orbits of rapidly-rotating black holes are characterized by a critical inclination angle, $\cos i=\sqrt{2/3}$, above which the coordinate radii of the geodesics approach the black-hole radius in the extremal $\bar a\to1$ limit. It is shown that this critical inclination angle signals a transition in the physical properties of the orbits: in particular, it separates marginally bound spherical geodesics which lie a finite proper distance from the black-hole horizon from marginally bound geodesics which lie an infinite proper distance from the horizon.
description: 10 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1210.2486
Constraints on Low-Dimensional String Compactifications
Creators: name: Sethi, S.
name: Vafa, C.
name: Witten, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the restrictions imposed by cancellation of the tadpoles for two, three, and four-form gauge fields in string theory, M-theory and F-theory compactified to two, three and four dimensions, respectively. For a large class of supersymmetric vacua, turning on a sufficient number of strings, membranes and three-branes, respectively, can cancel the tadpoles, and preserve supersymmetry. However, there are cases where the tadpole cannot be removed in this way, either because the tadpole is fractional, or because of its sign. For M-theory and F-theory compactifications, we also explore the relation of the membranes and three-branes to the nonperturbative space-time superpotential.
description: 16 pages, harvmac
DIE ROLLE DER LOKALEN SELBSTVERWALTUNGSORGANE BEI DER GEWÄHRLEISTUNG DER ÖFFENTLICHEN ORDNUNG WÄHREND DES KRIEGES
Creators: name: ORLOV, VIKTOR
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Während des Kriegsrechts zielt die Tätigkeit der lokalen Selbstverwaltungsorgane darauf ab, die Anwendung der Verfassung und der Gesetze der Ukraine zu gewährleisten, insbesondere die Durchführung von Maßnahmen der Rechtsordnung, der Verteidigung, des Schutzes der Rechte, Freiheiten und legitimen Interessen der Bürger. Die Gebietskörperschaften sind mit den erforderlichen Befugnissen ausgestattet, um die Bedrohung abzuwenden, einen bewaffneten Angriff abzuwehren und die nationale Sicherheit der Ukraine zu gewährleisten.In Anbetracht der enormen Belastung der ukrainischen Streitkräfte, der territorialen Verteidigung und anderer Strafverfolgungsbehörden ist es notwendig, die Rolle der lokalen Selbstverwaltungsorgane (im Folgenden LSG genannt) bei der Gewährleistung der öffentlichen Ordnung auf dem Gebiet der Gemeinschaft zu stärken, da diese Funktion der LSG für die Gewährleistung der nationalen Sicherheit und der Verteidigung sowohl auf lokaler als auch auf nationaler Ebene von großer Bedeutung ist.
Annex to (Greco et al. 2018), main items of the questionnaire used to test the BeCO framework
Creators: name: Greco, Marco
name: Grimaldi, Michele
name: Cricelli, Livio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 150307 Innovation and Technology Management
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The Annex includes a table describing the main items of the questionnaire used to test the BeCO framework, which analyses the benefits and costs of inbound and outbound open innovation
Electrolubrication in flowing liquid mixtures
Creators: name: Tsori, Yoav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the ``electrolubrication'' occurring in liquid mixtures confined between two charged surfaces. For a mixture of two liquids, the effective viscosity decreases markedly in the presence of a field. The origin of this reduction is field-induced phase separation, leading to the formation of two low-viscosity lubrication layers at the surfaces. These layers facilitate larger strain at a given stress. The effect is strong if the viscosities of the two liquids are sufficiently different, the volume fraction of the less viscous liquid is small, the gap between the surfaces is small, and the applied potential is large. The phase separation relies on the existence of dissociated ions in the solution. The effective viscosity is reduced by a factor $α$; its maximum value is the ratio between the viscosities of the two liquids. In most liquids, $α\sim1 $ -- $10$, and in mixtures of water and glycerol $α\sim 80$ -- $100$ under relatively small potentials.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Modeling the adiabatic creation of ultracold, polar $\mathrm{^{23}Na^{40}K}$ molecules
Creators: name: Seeßelberg, Frauke
name: Buchheim, Nikolaus
name: Lu, Zhen-Kai
name: Schneider, Tobias
name: Luo, Xin-Yu
name: Tiemann, Eberhard
name: Bloch, Immanuel
name: Gohle, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we model and realize stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in the diatomic $\mathrm{^{23}Na^{40}K}$ molecule from weakly bound Feshbach molecules to the rovibronic ground state via the $\left|v_d=5,J=Ω=1\right\rangle$ excited state in the $d^3Π$ electronic potential. We demonstrate how to set up a quantitative model for polar molecule production by taking into account the rich internal structure of the molecules and the coupling laser phase noise. We find excellent agreement between the model predictions and the experiment, demonstrating the applicability of the model in the search of an ideal STIRAP transfer path. In total we produce 5000 fermionic groundstate molecules. The typical phase-space density of the sample is 0.03 and induced dipole moments of up to 0.54 Debye could be observed.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures Version 2: Fixed a few typos, elaborated more on the differences between different choices of intermediate state, clarified H\"onl-London factor, added a intuitive explanation of the benefits of detuned STIRAP, elaborated on realized dipole moments in diatomics, compared phase-space density reducing processes in the whole molecule creation process, added two more references
Optimal Bell tests do not require maximally entangled states
Creators: name: Acin, Antonio
name: Gill, Richard
name: Gisin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Any Bell test consists of a sequence of measurements on a quantum state in space-like separated regions. Thus, a state is better than others for a Bell test when, for the optimal measurements and the same number of trials, the probability of existence of a local model for the observed outcomes is smaller. The maximization over states and measurements defines the optimal nonlocality proof. Numerical results show that the required optimal state does not have to be maximally entangled.
description: 1 figure, REVTEX4
IDF-CR: Iterative Diffusion Process for Divide-and-Conquer Cloud Removal in Remote-sensing Images
Creators: name: Wang, Meilin
name: Song, Yexing
name: Wei, Pengxu
name: Xian, Xiaoyu
name: Shi, Yukai
name: Lin, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Deep learning technologies have demonstrated their effectiveness in removing cloud cover from optical remote-sensing images. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) exert dominance in the cloud removal tasks. However, constrained by the inherent limitations of convolutional operations, CNNs can address only a modest fraction of cloud occlusion. In recent years, diffusion models have achieved state-of-the-art (SOTA) proficiency in image generation and reconstruction due to their formidable generative capabilities. Inspired by the rapid development of diffusion models, we first present an iterative diffusion process for cloud removal (IDF-CR), which exhibits a strong generative capabilities to achieve component divide-and-conquer cloud removal. IDF-CR consists of a pixel space cloud removal module (Pixel-CR) and a latent space iterative noise diffusion network (IND). Specifically, IDF-CR is divided into two-stage models that address pixel space and latent space. The two-stage model facilitates a strategic transition from preliminary cloud reduction to meticulous detail refinement. In the pixel space stage, Pixel-CR initiates the processing of cloudy images, yielding a suboptimal cloud removal prior to providing the diffusion model with prior cloud removal knowledge. In the latent space stage, the diffusion model transforms low-quality cloud removal into high-quality clean output. We refine the Stable Diffusion by implementing ControlNet. In addition, an unsupervised iterative noise refinement (INR) module is introduced for diffusion model to optimize the distribution of the predicted noise, thereby enhancing advanced detail recovery. Our model performs best with other SOTA methods, including image reconstruction and optical remote-sensing cloud removal on the optical remote-sensing datasets.
description: Accepted by IEEE TGRS, we first present an iterative diffusion process for cloud removal, the code is available at: https://github.com/SongYxing/IDF-CR
Further spectroscopic observations of the CSL-1 object
Creators: name: Sazhin, M.
name: Capaccioli, M.
name: Longo, G.
name: Paolillo, M.
name: Khovanskaya, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CSL-1 is a peculiar object (R.A._{2000}= 12h 23m 30.5"; Dec_{2000}= -12deg 38' 57.0") which, for its photometric and spectroscopic properties, is possibly the first case of gravitational lensing by a cosmic string. In this paper we present additional evidences, based on medium-high resolution VLT + FORS1 observations, that the spectra of the two components of CSL-1 are identical within a confidence level higher than 99.9% and the velocity difference of the two components is consistent with zero. This result adds further confidence to the interpretation of the system as a true lens.
description: In press on ApJ Letters. 10 pages, 3 figures - Accepted version with additional statistical evidence
Emergent symmetries in the canonical tensor model
Creators: name: Obster, Dennis
name: Sasakura, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The canonical tensor model (CTM) is a tensor model proposing a classically and quantum mechanically consistent model of gravity, formulated as a first-class constraint system with structural similarities to the ADM formalism of general relativity. A recent study on the formal continuum limit of the classical CTM has shown that it produces a general relativistic system. This formal continuum limit assumes the emergence of a continuous space, but ultimately continuous spaces should be obtained as preferred configurations of the quantum CTM. In this paper we study the symmetry properties of a wave function which exactly solves the quantum constraints of the CTM for general $N$. We have found that it has strong peaks at configurations invariant under some Lie-groups, as predicted by a mechanism described in our previous paper. A surprising result was the preference of configurations invariant not only under Lie-groups with positive signatures, but also with spacetime-like signatures, i.e., $SO(1,n)$. Such symmetries could characterize the global structures of spacetimes, and our results are encouraging towards showing spacetime emergence in the CTM. To verify the asymptotic convergence of the wave function we have also analyzed the asymptotic behaviour, which for the most part seems to be well under control.
description: 40 pages, 9 figures; Typos corrected. Minor changes. A reference added
Improved Measurements of Branching Fractions and CP Asymmetries in B-> eta h Decays
Creators: name: Chang, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report improved measurements of B decays with an eta meson in the final state using 492 fb^{-1} of data collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB e^+ e^- collider. We observe the decays B^{+-}-> eta pi^{+-} and B^{+-}-> eta K^{+-}; the measured branching fractions are Br(B^{+-}-> eta pi^{+-}) = (4.2+- 0.4(stat)+- 0.2(sys))x10^{-6} and Br(B^{+-}-> eta K^{+-}) = (1.9+-0.3(stat)^{+0.2}_{-0.1}(sys))x10^{-6}. The corresponding CP-violating asymmetries are measured to be -0.23+- 0.09(stat) +-0.02(sys) for eta pi^{+-} and -0.39+-0.16(stat)+-0.03(sys) for eta K^{+-}. We also search for B^0-> eta K^0 decays and set an upper limit of 1.9x10^{-6} at the 90% confidence level.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Three superconducting phases with different categories of pairing in hole- and electron-doped LaFeAs$_{1-x}$P$_x$O
Creators: name: Miyasaka, S.
name: Uekubo, M.
name: Tsuji, H.
name: Nakajima, M.
name: Shiota, T.
name: Mukuda, H.
name: Tajima, S.
name: Sagayama, H.
name: Nakao, H.
name: Kumai, R.
name: Murakami, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase diagram of LaFeAs$_{1-x}$P$_x$O system has been extensively studied through hole- and electron-doping as well as As/P-substitution. It has been revealed that there are three different superconducting phases with different Fermi surface (FS) topologies and thus with possibly different pairing glues. One of them is well understood as spin fluctuation-mediated superconductivity within a FS nesting scenario. Another one with the FSs in a bad nesting condition must be explained in a different context such as orbital or spin fluctuation in strongly correlated electronic system. In both phases, $T$-linear resistivity was commonly observed when the superconducting transition temperature $T_{\rm c}$ becomes the highest value, indicating that the strength of bosonic fluctuation determines $T_{\rm c}$. In the last superconducting phase, the nesting condition of FSs and the related bosonic fluctuation are moderate. Variety of phase diagram characterizes the multiple orbital nature of the iron-based superconductors which are just near the boundary between weak and strong correlation regimes.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, accepted in PRB
Annex to (Greco et al. 2018), main items of the questionnaire used to test the BeCO framework
Creators: name: Greco, Marco
name: Grimaldi, Michele
name: Cricelli, Livio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150307 Innovation and Technology Management
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The Annex includes a table describing the main items of the questionnaire used to test the BeCO framework, which analyses the benefits and costs of inbound and outbound open innovation
title: Estimation of the Efficiency of Hydraulic Pumps
Creators: name: Martin-Candilejo, A.
name: Santillán, D.
name: Garrote, L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: A sustainable design of water supply systems needs to account operational costs. When pumping is required, the energy consumed by the pumps plays a major part in the operational costs, and the efficiency of the pumps can greatly affect the energy expenses. How to properly estimate the value of pump efficiency is hence of great importance. The aim of this study is to study in depth the efficiency of hydraulic pumps, in relation with the other design variables (flow rate, pumping head, power, etc.). For that, 400 hydraulic pumps were analysed. A strong relationship between the flow rate and the pump efficiency was observed. This relationship was interpolated, and three empiric curves were defined (one for the average maximum and minimum expected value of pump efficiency). These curves can be easily used by designers in order to obtain an estimation of the efficiency of the hydraulic pumps.
Biostratigraphy of the Cambrian Glossopleura zone : west-central Utah.
Creators: name: Oldroyd, John David
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019

description: In two measured sections in the House Range and Drum Mountains, the Chisholm and Dome Formations have a combined thickness of approxmately 600 feet and represent Middle Cambrian deposition in shallow shelf-lagoon and near-sea-level shoal environments. The chisholm formation consists of shale and thin-bedded limestone forms slopes. The shale units of the Chisholm mark a decrease in the area of shoals and the limestone units mark an increase.
Dark matter effect on black hole accretion disks
Creators: name: Pugliese, D.
name: Stuchlík, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comparing different dark matter (DM) models, we explore the DM influence on black hole (BH) accretion disk physics, considering corotating and counterrotating thick accretion tori orbiting a central spinning BH. Our results identify accretion onto a central BH as a good indicator of DM presence, signaling possible DM tracers in accretion physics. We analyze accretion around a spinning BH immersed in perfect-fluid dark matter, cold dark matter and scalar field dark matter. Our investigation addresses observational evidence of distinctive DM effects on toroidal accretion disks and protojet configurations, proving that BH accretion tori immersed in DM can present characteristics, such as interdisk cusp or double tori, which have usually been considered as tracers for superspinars and naked singularity attractors. Therefore, in this context DM influence on the BH geometry could manifest as superspinar mimickers. DM also affects the central spinning attractor energetics associated with accretion physics, and its influence on accretion disks can be searched for in a variation of the central BH energetics as an increase of the mass accretion rates.
Biosynthesis and Genetic Engineering of Biologically Active Natural Products from Marine Ascidian Symbionts
Creators: name: Donia, Mohamed Samir Abou
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019

description: Numerous marine natural products are currently being assessed clinically for their pharmacological properties. Marine invertebrates supply the highest percentage of these bioactive metabolites. A major obstacle against pursuing a marine drug lead into clinical trials is ensuring its continuous supply in enough quantities. In the following series of results, I provide alternative solutions to the marine natural products supply problem. Previously, It was shown that two didemnid ascidian metabolites, patellamide A and C, are actually produced by the cyanobacterial symbiont Prochloron didemni. In this work, I developed metagenomic methods to further investigate the biosynthesis of this class of metabolites. I discovered that similar gene clusters are responsible for the biosynthesis of more than 60 metabolites isolated from didemnid ascidians in a diversifying manner never described before. In addition, we found that this class of metabolites is present globally in free-living as well as symbiotic cyanobacteria and is worthy of a separate classification. We named this class of molecules cyanobactins, modified N-to-C terminal cyclic peptides produced by cyanobacteria. I developed universal methods for the prediction, cloning, and heterologous expression of cyanobactins from any environment. One member of cyanobactins, trunkamide, was in preclinical evaluations for its anticancer properties. As part of this work, I discovered the biosynthetic bases for iv trunkamide and many relatives thereof. I also developed a robust system that allows the heterologous production of these highly modified peptides in Escherichia coli. Using genetic engineering, I optimized this system for the production of natural and unnatural trunkamide derivatives for structure-activity-relationship studies and natural products discovery and supply. Marine invertebrates harbor a variable pool of natural products where closely related organisms can have a completely different chemical content. This variability complicates the supply problem of marine natural products and delays drug discovery efforts. Using metagenome sequencing and PCR and chemical analyses, I discovered that biosynthetic pathways are sporadically occurring in symbionts of marine ascidians with no apparent pattern. Within didemnid ascidians, this sporadic distribution contributes directly to the observed chemical differences among very closely related organisms.
Qualitative aspects of the entanglement in the three-level model with photonic crystals
Creators: name: Abdel-Aty, Mahmoud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This communication is an enquiry into the circumstances under which concurrence and phase entropy methods can give an answer to the question of quantum entanglement in the composite state when the photonic band gap is exhibited by the presence of photonic crystals in a three-level system. An analytic approach is proposed for any three-level system in the presence of photonic band gap. Using this analytic solution, we conclusively calculate the concurrence and phase entropy, focusing particularly on the entanglement phenomena. Specifically, we use concurrence as a measure of entanglement for dipole emitters situated in the thin slab region between two semi-infinite one-dimensionally periodic photonic crystals, a situation reminiscent of planar cavity laser structures. One feature of the regime considered here is that closed-form evaluation of the time evolution may be carried out in the presence of the detuning and the photonic band gap, which provides insight into the difference in the nature of the concurrence function for atom-field coupling, mode frequency and different cavity parameters. We demonstrate how fluctuations in the phase and number entropies effected by the presence of the photonic-band-gap. The outcomes are illustrated with numerical simulations applied to GaAs. Finally, we relate the obtained results to instances of any three-level system for which the entanglement cost can be calculated. Potential experimental observations in solid-state systems are discussed and found to be promising.
description: 28 pages, 10 figures: Accepted in Applied Physics B: Laser and Optics
The Blank(Ish) Slate: Biology's Return to Analyses of Human Affairs
Creators: name: Abrams, Nels Martin
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: Science history

description: Intellectuals today frequently incorporate biology into their analyses of human affairs. The fact that they do so is rarely acknowledged, much less questioned. However, when one learns the history of the relationship between biology and the social sciences, today's casual use of, and often dependence on, biological factors becomes a mystery. In the early 1900s thinkers of all stripes looked to biology-specifically the evolution of human beings-for guidance. Then, after the horrors of the holocaust became clear, Western society rejected the notion of innate biological differences between people and championed instead the paradigm of behaviorism, or the notion that all human beings are "blank slates" upon which culture scripts its values and ideas. How, then, did it come to pass that biological thinking returned to analyses of humans? In this paper I argue that two evolutionary biologists, William Hamilton and Robert Trivers, relied upon the insights of population genetics to demonstrate the evolutionary logic of cooperation and sacrifice, and that in doing so they gave the emotional and political "green light" to reintroduce biology to various fields.
Higgs-Precision Constraints on Colored Naturalness
Creators: name: Essig, Rouven
name: Meade, Patrick
name: Ramani, Harikrishnan
name: Zhong, Yi-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of weak-scale colored top partners is among the simplest solutions to the Higgs hierarchy problem and allows for a natural electroweak scale. We examine the constraints on generic colored top partners coming solely from their effect on the production and decay rates of the observed Higgs with a mass of 125 GeV. We use the latest Higgs precision data from the Tevatron and the LHC as of EPS 2017 to derive the current limits on spin-0, spin-1/2, and spin-1 colored top partners. We also investigate the expected sensitivity from the Run 3 and Run 4 of the LHC, as well from possible future electron-positron and proton-proton colliders, including the ILC, CEPC, FCC-ee, and FCC-hh. We discuss constraints on top partners in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model and Little Higgs theories. We also consider various model-building aspects--multiple top partners, modified couplings between the Higgs and Standard-Model particles, and non-Standard-Model Higgs sectors--and evaluate how these weaken the current limits and expected sensitivities. By modifying other Standard-Model Higgs couplings, we find that the best way to hide low-mass top partners from current data is through modifications of the top-Yukawa coupling, although future measurements of top-quark-pair production in association with a Higgs will extensively probe this possibility. We also demonstrate that models with multiple top partners can generically avoid current and future Higgs precision measurements. Nevertheless, some of the model parameter space can be probed with precision measurements at future electron-positron colliders of, for example, the e+ e- -> Zh cross section.
description: 34 pages + appendices and references, 14 figures; added references