cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Transcendental Infinite Products Associated with the $\pm 1$ Thue-Morse Sequence
Creators: name: Tóth, László
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 11A63, Secondary 68R15, 11Y60, 11B85

description: Infinite products associated with the $\pm 1$ Thue-Morse sequence whose value is rational or algebraic irrational have been studied by several authors. In this short note we prove three new infinite product identities involving $π$, $\sqrt{2}$, and the $\pm 1$ Thue-Morse sequence, building on a result by Allouche, Riasat, and Shallit. We then use our method to find a new expression for a product appearing within the context of the Flajolet-Martin constant.
Host immune recovery during long-term anti-retroviral therapy
Creators: name: Damalie  Nakanjako
name: Nabatanzi, Rose
name: Bayigga, Lois
name: Jones, Sarah Rowland
name: Cose, Steve
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objectives:
1) To develop and mentor a vibrant group of African scientists to lead high quality science to answer relevant questions to optimize immune recovery during HIV treatment in SSA.
2) To describe persistent abnormalities natural immune cells after seven years of successful HIV treatment with restoration of CD4 counts to 500cells/µl and over.
Results: We provided evidence of effects of HIV infection and ART on function of natural immune cells. Our work demonstrated partial recovery of specific immune cells (natural killer cells and monocytes) even after seven years of ‘successful’ HIV treatment. Further work is ongoing to better understand specific internal pathways that remain affected, in order to inform targeted biological interventions to support HIV-infected adults to have complete immune recovery and prevent complications of persistent abnormalities in the cells’ natural functions. We also provided evidence of female genital tract organisms among women in Africa are diverse and may affect their ability to protect themselves against HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Molecular work is ongoing to describe these characteristics among Ugandan pregnant mothers in Kampala, Uganda.

Conclusion: Abnormalities in natural immune cells persisted. Three doctoral students are being mentored and additional funding was sought to further pursue this work and disseminate our results widely.
Gaugino Condensates and D-terms from D7-branes
Creators: name: Haack, Michael
name: Krefl, Daniel
name: Lust, Dieter
name: Van Proeyen, Antoine
name: Zagermann, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate, at the microscopic level, the compatibility between D-term potentials from world-volume fluxes on D7-branes and non-perturbative superpotentials arising from gaugino condensation on a different stack of D7-branes. This is motivated by attempts to construct metastable de Sitter vacua in type IIB string theory via D-term uplifts. We find a condition under which the Kaehler modulus, T, of a Calabi-Yau 4-cycle gets charged under the anomalous U(1) on the branes with flux. If in addition this 4-cycle is wrapped by a stack of D7-branes on which gaugino condensation takes place, the question of U(1)-gauge invariance of the (T-dependent) non-perturbative superpotential arises. In this case an index theorem guarantees that strings, stretching between the two stacks, yield additional charged chiral fields which also appear in the superpotential from gaugino condensation. We check that the charges work out to make this superpotential gauge invariant, and we argue that the mechanism survives the inclusion of higher curvature corrections to the D7-brane action.
description: 34 pages, 1 figure, LaTeX2e; References added, open issue concerning higher derivative corrections clarified, other minor changes
Time, space, and the people of God : Anglican colonialism in nineteenth-century British Columbia
Creators: name: Christophers, Brett
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Anglican missionaries began to arrive in British Columbia after the mainland had been accorded colonial status in 1858. Here they strove to provide for the spiritual needs of other white colonists, and to convert the territory's Native population to Christianity. In part one of this thesis I sketch out the central convictions of Anglican imperialism — its motivations, aspirations, and biases. I argue that these beliefs distinguished the mission enterprise from other elements of the imperial project. These divergent impulses, moreover, were reflected in different material practices. In its imperial imagining, and in its colonial enactment, missionization was a distinctive breed of nineteenth century British expansionism. In part two I turn to the physical engagements of Anglican colonialism. Here I focus on the work of one missionary in particular, an agent of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel named John Booth Good. Based first at Nanaimo and then at Lytton, Good devoted his mission career to working among Native people. His impact was wide-ranging. I examine the geography of his mission strategy, the structure of his pedagogic regime, and his supervision of Native subjects. As such, I try to locate this history of Anglican missionization within an expanding literature concerned with questions of power, knowledge, and space.
Seroprevalence of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria in asymptomatic individuals in southern Senegal
Creators: name: LO, Aminata Collé
name: K Patterson
name: B Faye
name: O Gaye
name: C Drakeley
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Malaria continues to cause alarming morbidity and mortality in countries worldwide. It is important to evaluate the human immune defense against the malaria parasite. Plasmodium falciparumparasite is the principal cause of malaria in Senegal but recently clinical cases of malaria due to Plasmodium vivaxwere identified. Evaluating the antibodies production against these parasites could be useful for measuring progress towards malaria elimination.
Objective
We determined the quantity of antibodies (defense mechanisms found in the blood) directed against falciparum and vivax malaria in infected subjects without malaria symptoms.
Method
This work was done in Saraya medical district, an area where there are still malaria cases. 565 individuals were enrolled, a small amount of blood was collected from a finger of each and these samples were analyzed to detect antibodies.
Results
We founded high levels of antibody against both parasites. The most important antibody observed was directed against one of component called, AMA1 found on red blood cells infected with P. falciparum. This is especially interesting since AMA1 has been proposed as a potential malaria vaccine candidate.
Conclusion
For malaria control in Senegal, it is always important to monitor the human defenses against components of P. falciparum and especially P. vivax because this parasite is now emerging in Senegal.
Faint X-ray Sources in the Globular Cluster Terzan 5
Creators: name: Heinke, C. O.
name: Wijnands, R.
name: Cohn, H. N.
name: Lugger, P. M.
name: Grindlay, J. E.
name: Pooley, D.
name: Lewin, W. H. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report our analysis of a Chandra X-ray observation of the rich globular cluster Terzan 5, in which we detect 50 sources to a limiting 1.0-6 keV X-ray luminosity of 3*10^{31} ergs/s within the half-mass radius of the cluster. Thirty-three of these have L_X>10^{32} ergs/s, the largest number yet seen in any globular cluster. In addition to the quiescent low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB, identified by Wijnands et al.), another 12 relatively soft sources may be quiescent LMXBs. We compare the X-ray colors of the harder sources in Terzan 5 to the Galactic Center sources studied by Muno and collaborators, and find the Galactic Center sources to have harder X-ray colors, indicating a possible difference in the populations. We cannot clearly identify a metallicity dependence in the production of low-luminosity X-ray binaries in Galactic globular clusters, but a metallicity dependence of the form suggested by Jordan et al. for extragalactic LMXBs is consistent with our data.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures (3 color). Resubmitted to ApJ after incorporating referee comments. v2: Added references to introduction
Gate-Modulated Quantum Interference Oscillations in Sb-Doped Bi2Se3 Topological Insulator Nanoribbon
Creators: name: Hwang, Tae-Ha
name: Kim, Hong-Seok
name: Hou, Yasen
name: Yu, Dong
name: Doh, Yong-Joo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological insulator nanoribbons (TI NRs) provide a useful platform to explore the phase-coherent quantum electronic transport of topological surface states, which is crucial for the development of topological quantum devices. When applied with an axial magnetic field, the TI NR exhibits magnetoconductance (MC) oscillations with a flux period of h/e, i.e., Aharonov-Bohm (AB) oscillations, and h/2e, i.e., Altshuler-Aronov-Spivak (AAS) oscillations. Herein, we present an extensive study of the AB and AAS oscillations in Sb doped Bi$_2$Se$_3$ TI NR as a function of the gate voltage, revealing phase-alternating topological AB oscillations. Moreover, the ensemble-averaged fast Fourier transform analysis on the Vg dependent MC curves indicates the suppression of the quantum interference oscillation amplitudes near the Dirac point, which is attributed to the suppression of the phase coherence length within the low carrier density region. The weak antilocalization analysis on the perpendicular MC curves confirms the idea of the suppressed coherence length near the Dirac point in the TI NR.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
Myocardial and haemodynamic responses to two fluid regimens in African children with severe malnutrition and hypovolaemic shock (AFRIM study)
Creators: name: Nchafatso  Gikenyi Obonyo
name: BE  Brent
name: P  Olupot-Olupot
name: MB  Van Hensbroek
name: IM  Kuipers
name: S  Wong
name: K Shiino
name: J  Chan
name: JF  Fraser
name: JBM  Van Woensel
name: K  Maitland
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objectives: Giving drip fluid to severely-malnourished children is thought to be harmful due to reduced functioning of the heart. We evaluated effects of the World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines for treating shock (low circulation volume) on their hearts.

Methods: An observational study in two East African hospitals whereby we enrolled severely-malnourished children (6-60 months) with shock due to diarrhoea and vomiting. Two sequential drip fluid treatment strategies using different volumes were compared (Group 1: 15mls/kg/hr boluses of Ringer’s Lactate (RL) and Group 2: 10mls/kg/hr RL rehydration up to 5 hours. Clinical data and heart scans were collected from admission upto 28-days follow-up.

Results: Twenty children were enrolled (11 in Group 1 and 9 in Group 2); including 15 (75%) with kwashiorkor. Responses to drip fluid treatment in Group 2 were homogenous and as predicted unlike in Group 1 (heterogenous responses) which also had more deaths (81.8% versus 55.6%). We found no evidence of fluid overload on or during admission and majority of deaths were unrelated to drip fluid treatment administered.

Conclusion: The heart’s response to drip fluid treatment in this study does not support the notion that reduced heart function or fluid overload are common features in severely-malnourished children with shock following diarrhoea and vomiting.
STM and ab initio study of holmium nanowires on a Ge(111) Surface
Creators: name: Eames, C.
name: Bonet, C.
name: Perkins, E. W.
name: Probert, M. I. J.
name: Tear, S. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A nanorod structure has been observed on the Ho/Ge(111) surface using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The rods do not require patterning of the surface or defects such as step edges in order to grow as is the case for nanorods on Si(111). At low holmium coverage the nanorods exist as isolated nanostructures while at high coverage they form a periodic 5x1 structure. We propose a structural model for the 5x1 unit cell and show using an ab initio calculation that the STM profile of our model structure compares favorably to that obtained experimentally for both filled and empty states sampling. The calculated local density of states shows that the nanorod is metallic in character.
description: 4 pages, 12 figures (inc. subfigures). Presented at the the APS March meeting, Baltimore MD, 2006
Atomic data for the Gaia-ESO Survey
Creators: name: Heiter, Ulrike
name: Lind, Karin
name: Bergemann, Maria
name: Asplund, Martin
name: Mikolaitis, Šarunas
name: Barklem, Paul S.
name: Masseron, Thomas
name: de Laverny, Patrick
name: Magrini, Laura
name: Edvardsson, Bengt
name: Jönsson, Henrik
name: Pickering, Juliet C.
name: Ryde, Nils
name: Arán, Amelia Bayo
name: Bensby, Thomas
name: Casey, Andrew R.
name: Feltzing, Sofia
name: Jofré, Paula
name: Korn, Andreas J.
name: Pancino, Elena
name: Damiani, Francesco
name: Lanzafame, Alessandro
name: Lardo, Carmela
name: Monaco, Lorenzo
name: Morbidelli, Lorenzo
name: Smiljanic, Rodolfo
name: Worley, Clare
name: Zaggia, Simone
name: Randich, Sofia
name: Gilmore, Gerard F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the atomic and molecular data that were used for the abundance analyses of FGK-type stars carried out within the Gaia-ESO Survey. We present an unprecedented effort to create a homogeneous line list, which was used by several abundance analysis groups to calculate synthetic spectra and equivalent widths. The atomic data are accompanied by quality indicators and detailed references to the sources. The atomic and molecular data are made publicly available in electronic form. In general experimental transition probabilities were preferred but theoretical values were also used. Astrophysical gf-values were avoided due to the model-dependence of such a procedure. For elements whose lines are significantly affected by hyperfine structure or isotopic splitting a concerted effort has been made to collate the necessary data for the individual line components. We also performed a detailed investigation of available data for line broadening due to collisions with neutral hydrogen atoms. Synthetic spectra calculated for the Sun and Arcturus were used to assess the blending properties of the lines. Among a subset of over 1300 lines of 35 elements in the wavelength ranges from 475 nm to 685 nm and from 850 nm to 895 nm we identified about 200 lines of 24 species which have accurate gf-values and are free of blends in the spectra of the Sun and Arcturus. For the broadening due to collisions with neutral hydrogen we recommend data based on Anstee-Barklem-O'Mara theory, where available, and to avoid lines of neutral species otherwise. Theoretical broadening data by R.L. Kurucz should be used for Sc II, Ti II, and Y II lines. For ionised rare-earth species the Unsöld approximation with an enhancement factor of 1.5 for the line width can be used. Desirable improvements in atomic data were identified for a number of species, including Al I, S I, Cr II, Na I, Si I, Ca II, and Ni I.
description: Accepted for publication in section 12. Atomic, molecular, and nuclear data of Astronomy and Astrophysics; main part 25 pages, 8 tables, 5 figures; appendices 53 pages, 23 tables, 29 figures
A study of the maximal Abelian gauge in SU(2) Euclidean Yang-Mills theory in the presence of the Gribov horizon
Creators: name: Capri, M. A. L.
name: Lemes, V. E. R.
name: Sobreiro, R. F.
name: Sorella, S. P.
name: Thibes, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We pursue the study of SU(2) Euclidean Yang-Mills theory in the maximal Abelian gauge by taking into account the effects of the Gribov horizon. The Gribov approximation, previously introduced in [1], is improved through the introduction of the horizon function, which is constructed under the requirements of localizability and renormalizability. By following Zwanziger's treatment of the horizon function in the Landau gauge, we prove that, when cast in local form, the horizon term of the maximal Abelian gauge leads to a quantized theory which enjoys multiplicative renormalizability, a feature which is established to all orders by means of the algebraic renormalization. Furthermore, it turns out that the horizon term is compatible with the local residual U(1) Ward identity, typical of the maximal Abelian gauge, which is easily derived. As a consequence, the nonrenormalization theorem, Z_{g}Z_{A}^{1/2}=1, relating the renormalization factors of the gauge coupling constant Z_{g} and of the diagonal gluon field Z_{A}, still holds in the presence of the Gribov horizon. Finally, we notice that a generalized dimension two gluon operator can be also introduced. It is BRST invariant on-shell, a property which ensures its multiplicative renormalizability. Its anomalous dimension is not an independent parameter of the theory, being obtained from the renormalization factors of the gauge coupling constant and of the diagonal antighost field.
description: 31 pages
MPEC 2024-A11 : 2024 AC
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 AC

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Manifestation of one- and two-body currents in longitudinal and transverse response functions of the 12C nucleus at q = 300 MeV/c
Creators: name: Buki, A. Yu.
name: Timchenko, I. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The experimental values of longitudinal and transverse response functions of the 12C nucleus have been obtained at the 3-momentum transfer q = 300 MeV/c. The data are compared with the calculations made with due regard to the dynamics of all the nucleons constituting the 12C nucleus, and also, to the contributions of both the one-body currents only, and their combination with two-body currents.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Real-Space Green's functions for Warm Dense Matter
Creators: name: Laraia, M.
name: Hanson, C.
name: Shaffer, N. R.
name: Saumon, D.
name: Kilcrease, D. P.
name: Starrett, C. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate modeling of the electronic structure of warm dense matter is a challenging problem whose solution would allow a better understanding of material properties like equation of state, opacity, and conductivity, with resulting applications from astrophysics to fusion energy research. Here we explore the real-space Green's function method as a technique for solving the Kohn-Sham density functional theory equations under warm dense matter conditions. We find the method to be tractable and accurate throughout the density and temperature range of interest, in contrast to other approaches. Good agreement on equation of state is found when comparing to other methods, where they are thought to be accurate.
Two electron entanglement in quasi-one dimensional system: Role of resonances
Creators: name: López, Alexander
name: Rendón, Otto
name: Villalba, Víctor M.
name: Medina, Ernesto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the role of resonances in two-fermion entanglement production for a quasi one-dimensional two channel scattering problem. We solve exactly for the problem of a two-fermion antisymmetric product state scattering off a double delta well potential. It is shown that the two-particle concurrence of the post-selected state has an oscillatory behavior where the concurrence vanishes at the values of momenta for virtual bound states in the double well. These concurrence zeros are interpreted in terms of the uncertainty in the knowledge of the state of the one particle subspace reduced one particle density matrix. Our results suggest manipulation of fermion entanglement production through the resonance structure of quantum dots.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Thermodynamics of FRW Universe: Heat Engine
Creators: name: Debnath, Ujjal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We assume the non-flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) Universe as a thermodynamical system. We assume the cosmological horizon as a inner trapping horizon which is treated as dynamical apparent horizon of FRW Universe. We write the dynamical apparent horizon radius and temperature on the apparent horizon. We assume that the fluid pressure as thermodynamical pressure of the system. Using Hayward's unified first law, Clausius relation and Friedmann equations with cosmological constant, we obtain the entropy on the apparent horizon. We assume that the cosmological constant provides the thermodynamic pressure of the system. We obtain the entropy, surface area, volume, temperature, Gibb's Helmholtz's free energies, specific heat capacity of the FRW Universe due to the thermodynamic system. We study the Joule-Thomson expansion of the FRW Universe and by evaluating the positive sign of Joule-Thomson coefficient, we determine that the FRW Universe obeys the cooling nature. We also find the inversion temperature and inversion pressure. Next we demonstrate the thermodynamical FRW Universe as heat engine. For Carnot cycle, we obtain the work done and the maximum efficiency. Also for new engine, we study the work done and its efficiency.
description: 6 pages, no figures
Physics Models of Earthquake
Creators: name: Pradhan, Srutarshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since long back, scientists have been putting enormous effort to understand earthquake dynamics -the goal is to develop a successful prediction scheme which can provide reliable alarm that an earthquake is imminent. Model studies sometimes help to understand in some extend the basic dynamics of the real systems and therefore is an important part of earthquake research. In this report, we review several physics models which capture some essential features of earthquake phenomenon and also suggest methods to predict catastrophic events being within the range of model parameters.
description: 9 pages, 19 figures To be appeared in the special issue of "Science and Culture", Kolkata, India
Μοντελοποίηση, προσομοίωση και απόδοση μεθόδων χρονοδρομολόγησης εργασιών σε συστήματα GRID:
Creators: name: Γκουτιούδη, Κυριακή Ζήση
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2010
Subjects: Απόδοση
Μέθοδος ομαδοποίησης υποδιεργασιών
Χρονοδρομολόγηση
Performance
Task Clustering Method
Scheduling

description: Η αποδοτική κατανομή του φόρτου των διεργασιών και η διαχείριση των πόρων είναι εξαιρετικά σημαντικοί παράγοντες όσον αφορά των σχεδιασμό πολύπλοκων συστημάτων όπως το Grid. Αυτό προϋποθέτει την δυνατότητα «τεμαχισμού» των εισερχόμενων διεργασιών σε ανεξάρτητες υποδιεργασίες, οι οποίες μπορούν να εκτελεστούν παράλληλα, με την ανάθεση της εξυπηρέτησης της κάθε υποδιεργασίας από έναν επεξεργαστή. Για την αποτίμηση της απόδοσης του συστήματος για διάφορες τιμές του φόρτου, χρησιμοποιείται ένα μοντέλο προσομοίωσης, που αποτελείται από δύο ομογενείς συστοιχίες (clusters). Επιπλέον, εφαρμόζεται η Αναβαλλόμενη πολιτική με σκοπό την συγκέντρωση πληροφορίας σχετικά με την κατάσταση στις ουρές των επεξεργαστών. Στην παρούσα εργασία γίνεται χρήση της τεχνικής της ομαδοποίησης των υποδιεργασιών (task clustering method). Γίνεται επίσης μελέτη της απόδοσης δύο πολιτικών δρομολόγησης διεργασιών –μίας στατικής και μίας προσαρμοστικής- και έξι πολιτικών χρονοδρομολόγησης υποδιεργασιών στην ουρά, οι οποίες ανακατατάσσουν τις ουρές των επεξεργαστών σύμφωνα με ένα κριτήριο. Τα αποτελέσματα της προσομοίωσης αποδεικνύουν ότι η προσαρμοστική πολιτική δρομολόγησης διεργασιών σε συνδυασμό με την πολιτική χρονοδρομολόγησης διεργασιών στην ουρά SGFS-ST, η οποία χρησιμοποιεί την τεχνική της ομαδοποίησης υποδιεργασιών αποδοτικότερα, οδηγεί σε σημαντική βελτίωση της απόδοσης του συστήματος.
description: Effective load distribution and resource management is of great importance in designing complex distributed systems as Grid. This pre-assumes the capability of partitioning the arriving jobs into independent tasks that can be executed simultaneously, assigning the tasks to processors and scheduling the task execution on each processor. A simulation model, consisting of two homogeneous clusters, is considered to evaluate the performance for various workloads. The Deferred policy is applied to collect global system information about processor queues. In this paper task clustering method is employed. We examine the efficiency of two task routing policies –one static and one adaptive- and six task scheduling policies, which rearrange processor queues regarding to a criterion. Our simulation results indicate that the adaptive task routing policy in conjunction with SGFS-ST scheduling algorithm, which uses more efficiently the task clustering method, leads to a significant performance improvement.
Trypanosoma brucei sensu lato [T. brucei s.l.] drug resistance: A roaming impediment to sleeping sickness eradication plan
Creators: name: D Muhanguzi
name: C Ndekezi
name: J Nkamwesiga
name: DC Kato
name: W Amanyire
name: S Ochwo
name: J Mulindwa
name: A Mugenyi
name: B Nerima
name: R Tweyongyere
name: E Matovu
name: SC Welburn
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Treatment of sleeping sickness and nagana is threatened by drug resistance. To guide drug use in sleeping sickness control, we set out to determine if cattle-derived drug resistant sleeping sickness causing parasites spill-over to humans as drug resistant; causing sleeping sickness treatment failure. We screened cattle (n= 2,750) and sleeping sickness patients (n=147) from south-eastern Uganda for drug resistant sleeping sickness [T. b. rhodesiense]] and nagana causing parasites [ T. brucei s.l. ] and hence determined their prevalence in either populations using sound statistical means. One in three cattle [949/2,750] was positive for T. brucei s.l. and about 90 of every 100 of these parasites had changes in their genes induced by drug use. More than half of the sleeping sickness patients carried T. b. rhodesiense with changes in their genes induced by drug use and their occurrence was spatially related to those in cattle. Drugs are still effective in both nagana and sleeping sickness control in south-eastern Uganda since the genetic changes in nagana and sleeping sickness causing parasites detected in this study do not reduce drug effectiveness against these parasites. It is very likely that genetic changes in T. b. rhodesiense occur in cattle and are then transmitted to humans.
Gauged N=4 supergravities
Creators: name: Schon, Jonas
name: Weidner, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the gauged N=4 (half-maximal) supergravities in four and five spacetime dimensions coupled to an arbitrary number of vector multiplets. The gaugings are parameterized by a set of appropriately constrained constant tensors, which transform covariantly under the global symmetry groups SL(2) x SO(6,n) and SO(1,1) x SO(5,n), respectively. In terms of these tensors the universal Lagrangian and the Killing Spinor equations are given. The known gaugings, in particular those originating from flux compactifications, are incorporated in the formulation, but also new classes of gaugings are found. Finally, we present the embedding chain of the five dimensional into the four dimensional into the three dimensional gaugings, thereby showing how the deformation parameters organize under the respectively larger duality groups.
description: 36 pages, v2: references added, comments added, v3: published version, references added, typos corrected, v4: sign mistakes in footnote 4 and equation (2.13) corrected
Global softwood lumber trade : a spatial equilibrium model
Creators: name: Delcourt, Gregg Vincent
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study uses a partial spatial equilibrium model to analyze changes in global softwood lumber trade. Based on work by Adams and Haynes (1980) and Cardellichio et al. (1990), trade flows from 15 different regions are analyzed using elasticity estimates and production, trade and price data from the year 1987. Unlike the earlier models, this one focuses on British Columbia (BC) and how proposed changes in the Annual Allowable Cut (AAC) will impact trade flows and prices. The model establishes a base case of expected future conditions from which a variety of different scenarios are tested. Prices, production, consumption and trade flows are calculated over a 38 year time period, 1987-2025. The results of the model indicate that changes in BC production cause an increase in the world average price until production responds to this shortage. As BC experiences a decline in production, exports to the United States are replaced by the increased production in the US South. However, BC continues to increase its exports to Japan and Interior Canada as demand for softwood lumber grows over time. Increases in transportation costs affect production and trade flows by forcing many importers to increase production and supply their domestic market. BC exports to Japan increase in response to this redistribution of trade. Welfare results indicate that, in the long-term, BC is better-off with a reduduction in AAC. A decline in production in BC causes world prices to rise, therby causing producer surplus to increase in the BC market. This comes at relatively small cost to the BC domestic consumer. These results suggest that provincial forest companies are not jointly maximizing returns from lumber production.
Comparison of the accuracy of four malaria diagnostic methods in a high transmission setting in Coastal Cameroon.
Creators: name: N.M Moyeh
name: I.M Ali
name: D.L Njimoh
name: A.M Nji
name: P.M Netongo
name: M-S Evehe
name: B Atogho-Tiedeu
name: S.M Ghogomu
name: W.F Mbacham
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objective.
In this study, we aimed to compare how well four different methods perform in the diagnosis of malaria infection in the coastal South West region of Cameroon.
Methods.
We recruited 320 patients suspected to have malaria infections and tested them using microscopic method, rapid test method, presumptive diagnosis method and specialized molecular method. We read the results and recorded for each test independently. We compared all other methods against the specialized test and checked if other types of malaria parasites circulated in the area.
Results.
We found that the rapid test method was good at detecting malaria infections at same level as microscopic method. The presumptive method missed 25% of cases diagnosed using the specialized test. We found that a person who had a positive test by microscopy or rapid test will always be truly be malaria infected in at least 90% of the time. Presumptive diagnosis by measuring temperature only was worse at confirming infection when compared.
Conclusion
Microscopic and rapid test methods were better at confirming malaria infection in the coastal South West region of Cameroon. The specialized test revealed the presence of 5 infections which could not be detected by rapid tests. More studies are needed to recommend change in treatment guidelines.
Geometric properties of Lagrangian mechanical systems
Creators: name: Bucataru, Ioan
name: Miron, Radu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C60, 58B20, 70H03

description: The geometry of a Lagrangian mechanical system is determined by its associated evolution semispray. We uniquely determine this semispray using the symplectic structure and the energy of the Lagrange space and the external force field. We study the variation of the energy and Lagrangian functions along the evolution and the horizontal curves and give conditions by which these variations vanish. We provide examples of mechanical systems which are dissipative and for which the evolution nonlinear connection is either metric or symplectic.
Identification of Acinetobacter baumannii: A comparison of MALDITOF and blaOXA-51-like PCR
Creators: name: Amulele, Anne
name: Mwanzu, Alfred A.
name: Berkley, James A.
name: Wareham, David D.
name: Gordon, Nicola C.
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objectives
Acinetobacter baumannii infects very ill patients in hospital. It is difficult to differentiate it from other nonpathogenic Acinetobacter species resulting in incorrect patient treatment. We compared the performance of a faster and simpler protein based assay (MALDI-TOF) with a nucleic acid based assay (PCR) to identify A.baumannii.
Methods
We compared PCR with MALDI-TOF for identification of Acinetobacter species isolated from patients admitted at Kilifi County Hospital between 2005 and 2018.
Results
There were 258 Acinetobacter bacteria stored during the period and PCR identified 70 (27%) as A. baumannii. The MALDI-TOF also identified 70 (27%) as A. baumannii, 167 (65%) as other Acinetobacter species, 3 (1%) as non-Acinetobacter and 18 (7%) were unidentified. However, one positive and negative strain by PCR were identified as Acinetobacter species and A. baumannii by MALDI-TOF respectively which was 99% sensitive and specific (p<0.001). One hundred and ninety-six patients had Acinetobacter in their bloodstream and those with A. baumannii were hospitalized for 13 days typically, three days longer than those with other species. Fifty patients (25%) with Acinetobacter in their bloodstream died in-hospital.
Conclusion
The MALDI-TOF reliably distinguished A. baumannii from other species and is a faster and simpler alternative to PCR in diagnosis of A. baumannii infections.
Spin asymmetry A_1^d and the spin-dependent structure function g_1^d of the deuteron at low values of x and Q^2
Creators: name: The Compass Collaboration
name: Ageev, E. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a precise measurement of the deuteron longitudinal spin asymmetry A_1^d and of the deuteron spin-dependent structure function g_1^d at Q^2 < 1 GeV^2 and 4*10^-5 < x < 2.5*10^-2 based on the data collected by the COMPASS experiment at CERN during the years 2002 and 2003. The statistical precision is tenfold better than that of the previous measurement in this region. The measured A_1^d and g_1^d are found to be consistent with zero in the whole range of x.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures
Transitional Viral Suppression due to ART on a Zimbabwean Cohort from 2004 to 2017: A Bayesian Mixed effects Multistate Model
Creators: name: Zvifadzo  Matsena Zingoni
name: T.F.   Chirwaa
name: J.  Todd
name: E.  Musenge
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objective: Achieving viral suppression is important in monitoring HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Multistate models can be used to estimate the HIV disease progression rates among HIV patients in Zimbabwe between 2004 and 2017 during their ART uptake.
Methods: A Bayesian structural additive semiparametric mixed effects multistate Markov model was fitted to the data . The model states were defined based on viral load undetectable threshold cutoff limits: (“suppressed-state” (<50copies/mL), “unsuppressed-state” (≥50copies/mL) and “death (absorbing) state”).
Results: Amongst 18,150 participants, 66.36% were females and 54.43% were in WHO stage III/IV. The baseline transition rate from unsuppressed to the suppressed, increased with greater duration on ART at a rate of 31.4% per additional year. Males with detectable viral load were 68% more likely to die compared to females. Viral increase was 26% more likely among WHO stage III/IV patients (reference: WHO stage I/II). Elderly with high viral load were more likely to die. Compared to other provinces, Matabeleland North and Manicaland were more likely to have viral load increase.
Conclusion: Unique to this study was inclusion of spatial random-effects in the model. More focused interventions targeting defaulters on ART treatment which could prioritize high burdened areas, such as Matabeleland North and Manicaland provinces are required.
Understanding dendritic cell and T cell interactions in Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Creators: name: Osii, Rowland S
name: Meehan, Gavin R.
name: Scales, Hannah E.
name: Garside, Paul
name: Brewer, James
name: Ndung'u, Francis M.
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Malaria remains a major global health challenge. Majority of the malaria burden occurs in sub-Saharan Africa. Although individuals who are continuously exposed do develop some immunity to malaria, the exact mechanism of how it is achieved remain largely unknown. The current study aims to understand the interaction between dendritic cells (DCs) and helper T cells and how it shapes malaria immunity. DCs are the bodies surveillance system. They constantly survey the body for any foreign substances and ingests them. The ingested substances are broken down to peptides and presented to helper T cells to initiate an adaptive immune response. How these cell interactions occur in malaria naïve individuals and individuals with previous malaria episodes, will aid in determining the molecular signatures for malaria immunity and help identify potential pathways that can be targeted to restore dendritic cell function. The results from co-culture experiment with the two cell types shows Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells (PfiRBC) dysregulate the activation of the DCs. While these DCs do seem to activate helper T cells, they also induce expression of inhibitory markers on their surface that may have a role in dampening the immune response. Our next plan is to test the same using a controlled malaria challenge model.
Ανταλλαγή Κανόνων ανάμεσα σε Ευφυείς Πράκτορες στο Σημασιολογικό Ιστό:
Creators: name: Καστώρη, Γραμματή-Ειρήνη Αστέριου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2010
Subjects: Ευφυείς πράκτορες
Ανταλλαγή κανόνων
Σημασιολογικός Ιστός
Intelligent Agents
Rule Exchange
Semantic Web

description: Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία γίνεται μελέτη του Σημασιολογικού Ιστού και των ευφυών πρακτόρων. Μοντελοποιήθηκε και μελετήθηκε η επικοινωνία μεταξύ των πρακτόρων με την ανταλλαγή ενός συνόλου από κανόνες. Χρησιμοποιήθηκε και μία υπηρεσία αναιρέσιμης συλλογιστικής, η οποία παρέχεται από έναν ανεξάρτητο πράκτορα, ο οποίος έχοντας τα κατάλληλα στοιχεία, μπορεί να επιτελέσει υπηρεσίες συλλογιστικής. Στη συνέχεια υλοποιήθηκε ένα σενάριο χρήσης (use case), όπου μοντελοποιήθηκε η επικοινωνία μεταξύ πρακτόρων με την ανταλλαγή των κατάλληλων συνόλων κανόνων, που αποτελούν μέρος των ιδιωτικών στρατηγικών τους. Στο υλοποιημένο σενάριο, παρουσιάστηκε ένα πολυ-πρακτορικό σύστημα, στο οποίο γίνεται διαπραγμάτευση των όρων ενός «συμβολαίου», στο οποίο πρέπει να συμφωνήσουν οι πράκτορες. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, οι πράκτορες των πελατών επιθυμούν να γίνουν μέλη σε ένα διαδικτυακό κατάστημα που προσφέρει κρασιά και προσπαθούν να διαπραγματευτούν, με τον εκπρόσωπο αυτού του καταστήματος, τους όρους με τους οποίου θα γίνουν μέλη.
description: This paper studies both Semantic Web and Intelligent Agents. The basic idea was to create a model of communication between the agents, using only rule languages. A defeasible reasoning service was used, in order to facilitate the communication between the agents. This service is offered by an independent agent who can act as an inference engine when the appropriate data is provided to him. A specific use case was implemented, in order to model the communication between the agents, which is achieved only by exchanging files that are part of their strategies. In this use case, a multi-agent is presented were a negotiation between agents takes place. More specifically, the agents-customers wish to become members to a Wine Club and therefore, they try to negotiate with the representative of the Wine Club the contract that needs to be sealed in order to become members to this Wine Club.
Domain wall type defects as anyons in phase space
Creators: name: Seidel, Alexander
name: Lee, Dung-Hai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss how the braiding properties of Laughlin quasi-particles in quantum Hall states can be understood within a one-dimensional formalism we proposed earlier. In this formalism the two-dimensional space of the Hall liquid is identified with the phase space of a one-dimensional lattice system, and localized Laughlin quasi-holes can be understood as coherent states of lattice solitons. The formalism makes comparatively little use of the detailed structure of Laughlin wavefunctions, and may offer ways to be generalized to non-abelian states.
description: published version
An analysis of Strawson’s defence of moral practices against the claims of determinism
Creators: name: Boston, Alexander Holtby
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: I plan to examine and defend Strawson's argument in "Freedom and Resentment" against various criticisms from Downie, Russell, Ayer, Watson, and Nagel. Strawson holds that moral responsibility and determinism are compatible, exploring people's feelings and attitudes to make the case that people neither can nor should give up reactive attitudes, whether or not determinism is true. I will use Wolf and Dennett to supplement Strawson's argument, and examine Bennett's paper to see whether certain modifications of Strawson's view are necessary. Using character improvement as its foundation, I will offer an account of responsibility compatible with Strawson's argument and thus with determinism. I will rely on Dennett's concept of the ability to act and Taylor's idea of reflective identification with one's actions to construct my account.
Potential Role of Soluble CD14 as an Early Diagnostic Biomarker for HIV-associated TB
Creators: name: Okechukwu  Ndumnego
name: Y Liu
name: T Chen
name: RS Kim
name: Kasprowicz, Victoria
name: ER Jenny-Avital
name: T Ndung'u
name: D Wilson
name: JM Achkar
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: The risk of contracting active tuberculosis throughout the lifetime of people living with HIV (PLHIV) is about 30-60%. New diagnostic tools for screening and predicting the risk of HIV-associated TB development are urgently needed for early treatment initiation. Recently, from a panel of proteins produced in PLHIV, we identified soluble CD14 (sCD14) as a protein able to distinguish TB from other respiratory diseases with high accuracy. The protein is released into blood by immune cells in response to microbial infections and inflammation. We believe that the measurement of sCD14 levels in blood can help in screening for early TB stages in PLHIV. Following measurement of this protein in HIV-infected pulmonary TB patients and HIV-infected controls, we found that sCD14 was much higher in patients with HIV and TB co-infection. Also, following the study of sCD14 levels in PLHIV two years before and one year after TB diagnosis, the level of the protein was significantly increased three months before active TB development compared to HIV infected controls. These results suggest that sCD14 measurement is a highly accurate screening tool for HIV-associated TB and can be used in early tests for active TB in PLHIV to identify individuals needing further TB confirmatory testing.
Treatment outcomes of bubble-CPAP versus oxygen therapy among preterm babies presenting with respiratory distress syndrome at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania – Randomised Trial
Creators: name: Baine, Annette
name: M.  Mahande
name: R.  Olomi
name: B.  John
name: R.  Philemon
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objectives: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the most common respiratory disease in premature babies and the major cause of morbidity and mortality among preterm babies. We aimed to implement and determine the efficacy of bCPAP and its immediate outcomes as compared to oxygen therapy in preterm babies presenting with RDS at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania.
Method: A randomized control trial included all premature babies admitted at the neonatal care unit presenting with signs of RDS. The primary outcome was survival while secondary outcomes were treatment duration, duration of hospital stay and treatment complications.
Results: 48 preterm babies were enrolled and randomized (25 bCPAP vs 23 oxygen). After randomization, 3 babies were excluded leaving 45 babies (22 bCPAP vs 23 oxygen). The overall survival for all 48 participants was 58.5%. Babies in the bCPAP group had higher survival as compared to the oxygen group (77.8% vs 47.8%). Babies treated with oxygen therapy had a longer treatment duration (87 hours) as compared to babies receiving bCPAP (48 hours). Babies treated with bCPAP experienced a shorter hospital stay. Nasal bleeding was observed in babies who received bCPAP.
Conclusion: Treatment with bCPAP improved survival by 30% and reduced the duration for RDS treatment when compared to treatment with oxygen therapy.