cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Greybody factors for a black hole in massive gravity
Creators: name: Dong, Ruifeng
name: Stojkovic, Dejan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An exact solution was recently found in the massive gravity theory having the form of Schwarzschild-dS black holes with some additional background fields. Hawking radiation will occur at the event and cosmological horizons having the blackbody spectrum, which will be modified by the geometry outside the black hole. In this paper, we study the greybody factors of a test scalar, considering its minimal coupling with the background geometry. The case of small black holes with the horizon radius much smaller than the cosmological dS radius is studied numerically. The case of near-extremal black holes with the horizon radius comparable to the cosmological dS radius is studied analytically. In addition, we considered the coupling of the test field with the background {Stückelberg} fields, which in turn leads to reductions in particle emission and some non-trivial features (resonances) in the greybody factors.
description: significantly expanded version, published in Phys.Rev. D92 (2015) 8, 084045
NW-FVA Waldschutzinformation Nr. 2023-01
Creators: name: Langer, Gitta
name: Ihlemann, Anette
name: Sutmöller, Johannes
name: Rohde, Martin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Witterung 2022
Waldschutz

description: Waldschutzinformation 2023-01 der NW-FVA Göttingen zum Thema Witterung des Jahres 2022
Generalized tomographic maps and star-product formalism
Creators: name: Asorey, M.
name: Facchi, P.
name: Man'ko, V. I.
name: Marmo, G.
name: Pascazio, S.
name: Sudarshan, E. C. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We elaborate on the notion of generalized tomograms, both in the classical and quantum domains. We construct a scheme of star-products of thick tomographic symbols and obtain in explicit form the kernels of classical and quantum generalized tomograms. Some of the new tomograms may have interesting applications in quantum optical tomography.
description: 5 pages, 0 figures
Simulation Paths for Quantum Circuit Simulation with Decision Diagrams
Creators: name: Burgholzer, Lukas
name: Ploier, Alexander
name: Wille, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Simulating quantum circuits on classical computers is a notoriously hard, yet increasingly important task for the development and testing of quantum algorithms. In order to alleviate this inherent complexity, efficient data structures and methods such as tensor networks and decision diagrams have been proposed. However, their efficiency heavily depends on the order in which the individual computations are performed. For tensor networks the order is defined by so-called contraction plans and a plethora of methods has been developed to determine suitable plans. On the other hand, simulation based on decision diagrams is mostly conducted in a straight-forward, i.e., sequential, fashion thus far. In this work, we study the importance of the path that is chosen when simulating quantum circuits using decision diagrams and show, conceptually and experimentally, that choosing the right simulation path can make a vast difference in the efficiency of classical simulations using decision diagrams. We propose an open-source framework (available at github.com/cda-tum/ddsim) that not only allows to investigate dedicated simulation paths, but also to re-use existing findings, e.g., obtained from determining contraction plans for tensor networks. Experimental evaluations show that translating strategies from the domain of tensor networks may yield speedups of several factors compared to the state of the art. Furthermore, we design a dedicated simulation path heuristic that allows to improve the performance even further -- frequently yielding speedups of several orders of magnitude. Finally, we provide an extensive discussion on what can be learned from tensor networks and what cannot.
description: 10 Pages, 7 Figures, 1 Table, Journal Extension to "Exploiting Arbitrary Paths for the Simulation of Quantum Circuits with Decision Diagrams" Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference (DATE), 2022. Published in the IEEE Transactions on Computer Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems (TCAD)
Supplementary Files B from The effect of a multi-target protocol on cetacean detection and abundance estimation in aerial surveys
Creators: name: C. Lambert
name: M. Authier
name: G. Dorémus
name: A. Gilles
name: P. Hammond
name: S. Laran
name: A. Ricart
name: V. Ridoux
name: M. Scheidat
name: J. Spitz
name: O. Van Canneyt
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Sightings distribution and encounter rates for each taxonomic groups
Cosmological simulations with hydrodynamics of screened scalar-tensor gravity with non-universal coupling
Creators: name: Hammami, Amir
name: Mota, David F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the effects of letting the dark matter and the gas in the Universe couple to the scalar field of the symmetron model, a modified gravity theory, with varying coupling strength. We also search for a way to distinguish between universal and non-universal couplings in observations. The research is performed utilising a series of hydrodynamic, cosmological N-Body simulations, studying the resulting power spectra and galaxy halo properties, such as the density and temperature profiles. Results show that in the cases of universal couplings, the deviations in the baryon fraction from $Λ$CDM are smaller than in the cases of non-universal couplings throughout the halos. The same is apparent in the power spectrum baryon bias, defined as the ratio of gas to dark matter power spectrum. Deviations of the density profiles and power spectra from the $Λ$CDM reference values can differ significantly between dark matter and gas because the dark matter deviations are mostly larger than the deviations in the gas.
description: Updated following referee reports, results unchanged
Supplementary Files A from The effect of a multi-target protocol on cetacean detection and abundance estimation in aerial surveys
Creators: name: C. Lambert
name: M. Authier
name: G. Dorémus
name: A. Gilles
name: P. Hammond
name: S. Laran
name: A. Ricart
name: V. Ridoux
name: M. Scheidat
name: J. Spitz
name: O. Van Canneyt
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Jags code for hierarchical modelling of the observer effect
(993) John Beardshaw
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Unitarization and Causalization of Non-local quantum field theories by Classicalization
Creators: name: Addazi, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest that classicalization can cure non-local quantum field theories from acausal divergences in scattering amplitudes, restoring unitarity and causality. In particular, in "trans-non-local" limit, the formation of non-perturbative classical configurations, called {\it classicalons}, in scatterings like $ϕϕ\rightarrow ϕϕ$, can avoid typical acausal divergences.
description: More references on non-local QFT and quantum gravity added, few typos corrected. The content is the same
Ion Acceleration at Magnetotail Plasma Jets
Creators: name: Richard, L.
name: Khotyaintsev, Yu. V.
name: Graham, D. B
name: Vaivads, A.
name: Nikoukar, R.
name: Cohen, I. J.
name: Turner, D. L.
name: Fuselier, S. A.
name: Russell, C. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a series of Earthward bursty bulk flows (BBFs) observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft in Earth's magnetotail at (-24, 7, 4) RE in Geocentric Solar Magnetospheric (GSM) coordinates. At the leading edges of the BBFs, we observe complex magnetic field structures. In particular, we focus on one which presents a chain of small scale (~0.5 RE) dipolarizations, and another with a large scale (~3.5 RE) dipolarization. Although the two structures have different scales, both of these structures are associated with flux increases of supra-thermal ions with energies > 100 keV. We investigate the ion acceleration mechanism and its dependence on the mass and charge state. We show that the ions with gyroradii smaller than the scale of the structure are accelerated by the ion bulk flow. We show that whereas in the small scale structure, ions with gyroradii comparable with the scale of the structure undergo resonance acceleration, and the acceleration in the larger scale structure is more likely due to a spatially limited electric field.
description: Submitted to JGR: Space Physics
A Method for Finding Galaxy Groups in Early Formation Stages Applied to RESOLVE and ECO
Creators: name: Castelloe, Ella
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: The most common galaxy group finding algorithm, Friends-of-Friends (FoF), finds "settled'' groups that share a common dark matter halo but misses groups that are in earlier stages of formation and have not yet merged halos. We present a new algorithm that is designed to find groups like the Local Group that are gravitationally bound but do not yet share a common halo and are not identified as FoF groups. We use escape velocity to test whether settled groups are bound to other nearby settled groups (including "groups'' of one solitary galaxy). We statistically correct for projection effects present in observational data using mock catalogs containing simulated three-dimensional data. We apply the boundness method to RESOLVE and ECO, two large volume-limited surveys of galaxies in the local Universe. Using our boundness method increases the number of multiple galaxy systems that are identified and decreases the number of single galaxy systems. We find evidence that the bound systems we identify are truly groups in the early stages of formation, based on comparisons of large scale environment and virialization state with settled groups.  We identify "Local Group analogues" that are similar to the real Local Group. We find 32 Local Group analogues in RESOLVE and 229 in ECO. In RESOLVE and ECO, about 13% of all multiple-galaxy systems are Local Group analogues and about 8% of all galaxies belong to a Local Group analogue. Local Group analogues are among the most virialized systems found by the boundness method in RESOLVE and ECO, with a median crossing time about three times shorter than other bound multi-group systems with similar masses. To determine how well the boundness method finds systems like the Local Group, we identify a population of Local Group analogues in the mock catalogs. FoF finds only 6% of the Local Group analogues, whereas the boundness method finds 97%. We compare properties of different categories of bound systems in RESOLVE and ECO, focusing on their evolutionary connection, and find that gas content may be higher in small settled groups (FoF groups with halo mass < 10^12 M_sun) than in proto-groups (bound multi-group systems with system mass < 10^12 M_sun) at fixed virialization state.
Droplet beam generated with the round-tip axicon: Exact solutions for different axicon shapes
Creators: name: Mylnikov, V. Yu.
name: Sokolovskii, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate droplet quasi-Bessel beams for different shapes of the round-tip axicon. Exact solutions for the Fresnel diffraction integrals describing the axial distribution of the electric field amplitude behind the axicon are demonstrated. The analysis of the exact solutions shows that the period of «light droplets» is not a constant value, but depends on the axial distance and on the deviation of the axicon surface from the conical shape far from the rounded region. The predicted effect can be applied for the reconstruction of the exact shape of the axicon surface without 3D scanning.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Is Bianchi I a Bouncing Cosmology in the Wheeler-DeWitt picture?
Creators: name: Giovannetti, Eleonora
name: Montani, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a quantum picture for the emergence of a bouncing cosmology, according to the idea that a semiclassical behavior of the Universe towards the singularity is not available in many relevant Minisuperspace models. In particular, we study the Bianchi I model in vacuum adopting the isotropic Misner variable as an internal clock for the quantum evolution. The isomorphism between the Wheeler-DeWitt equation in this Minisuperspace representation and the Klein-Gordon one for a relativistic scalar field allows to identify the positive and negative frequency solutions as associated to the collapsing and expanding Universe respectively. We clarify how any Bianchi I localized wave packet unavoidably spreads when the singularity is approached and therefore the semiclassical description of the model evolution in the Planckian region loses its predictability. Then, we calculate the transition amplitude that a collapsing Universe is turned into an expanding one, according to the standard techniques of relativistic quantum mechanics, thanks to the introduction of an ekpyrotic-like matter component which mimics a time-dependent potential term and breaks the frequency separation. In particular, the transition probability of this "Quantum Big Bounce" acquires a maximum value when the mean values of the momenta conjugate to the anisotropies in the collapsing Universe are close enough to the corresponding mean values in the expanding one, depending on the variances of the in-going and out-going Universe wave packets. This symmetry between the pre-Bounce and post-Bounce mean values reflects what happens in the semiclassical bouncing cosmology, with the difference that here the connection of the two branches takes place on a pure probabilistic level.
title: L'impact du conseil de coopération sur la gestion des conflits
title: L'impact du conseil de coopération sur la gestion des conflits
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Romain, Laurence
name: Rossi, Aline
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: conseil de coopération
subject: message clair
subject: climat de classe
subject: gestion des conflits
subject: dimension relationnelle
subject: gestion de la classe

description: Ce mémoire porte sur la mise en place d’un conseil de coopération au sein d’une classe vaudoise de 3H et de l’influence de celle-ci sur la dimension relationnelle du climat de classe. Plus particulièrement, ce travail explore la manière dont les conflits peuvent être gérés à travers ce dispositif de pédagogie coopérative et par conséquent contribuer à un meilleur climat de classe. Des outils tels que le message clair, le journal mural et la demande de réparation ont été introduits progressivement auprès des élèves. Pour répondre à la question de recherche, la méthodologie qualitative a été choisie. Elle est constituée d’observations pendant le déroulement des conseils de coopération, d’entretiens réalisés auprès des élèves ainsi que d’un entretien formel avec la praticienne formatrice. Les données récoltées et leur analyse ont permis d’établir des liens entre la mise en place du conseil de coopération et la dimension relationnelle du climat de classe. Avec l’outil message clair, les élèves ont débuté un apprentissage afin de traiter les conflits de manière plus autonome. Cela leur a également permis de mettre des mots sur leur ressenti. Du point de vue du corps enseignant, il a été constaté que l’implémentation du dispositif conseil de coopération ainsi que ses outils ont participé à réduire la gestion des conflits par l’enseignante. Enfin, cela a favorisé les échanges interpersonnels et initié des apprentissages du mieux vivre ensemble.
(989) Harriet Beardshaw
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Path Similarity Analysis: a Method for Quantifying Macromolecular Pathways
Creators: name: Seyler, Sean L.
name: Kumar, Avishek
name: Thorpe, Michael F.
name: Beckstein, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Diverse classes of proteins function through large-scale conformational changes; sophisticated enhanced sampling methods have been proposed to generate these macromolecular transition paths. As such paths are curves in a high-dimensional space, they have been difficult to compare quantitatively, a prerequisite to, for instance, assess the quality of different sampling algorithms. The Path Similarity Analysis (PSA) approach alleviates these difficulties by utilizing the full information in 3N-dimensional trajectories in configuration space. PSA employs the Hausdorff or Fréchet path metrics---adopted from computational geometry---enabling us to quantify path (dis)similarity, while the new concept of a Hausdorff-pair map permits the extraction of atomic-scale determinants responsible for path differences. Combined with clustering techniques, PSA facilitates the comparison of many paths, including collections of transition ensembles. We use the closed-to-open transition of the enzyme adenylate kinase (AdK)---a commonly used testbed for the assessment enhanced sampling algorithms---to examine multiple microsecond equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) transitions of AdK in its substrate-free form alongside transition ensembles from the MD-based dynamic importance sampling (DIMS-MD) and targeted MD (TMD) methods, and a geometrical targeting algorithm (FRODA). A Hausdorff pairs analysis of these ensembles revealed, for instance, that differences in DIMS-MD and FRODA paths were mediated by a set of conserved salt bridges whose charge-charge interactions are fully modeled in DIMS-MD but not in FRODA. We also demonstrate how existing trajectory analysis methods relying on pre-defined collective variables, such as native contacts or geometric quantities, can be used synergistically with PSA, as well as the application of PSA to more complex systems such as membrane transporter proteins.
description: 9 figures, 3 tables in the main manuscript; supplementary information includes 7 texts (S1 Text - S7 Text) and 11 figures (S1 Fig - S11 Fig) (also available from journal site)
(990) Cantley Dawson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary data 1 file from Chitinase genes from Metarhizium anisopliae for the control of whitefly in cotton.
Creators: name: Anwar, Waheed
name: Javed, Muhammad Asim
name: Shahid, Ahmad Ali
name: Nawaz, Kiran
name: Akhter, Adnan
name: Rehman, Muhammad Zia Ur
name: Hameed, Usman
name: Sehrish Iftikhar
name: Haider, Muhammad Saleem
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Science

description: Nucleotides along deduced amino acids indicated below codons of Met_Chit1 gene of M. anisopliae isolate Tn-16. Substrate binding and catalytic domains are highlighted while start and stop codons are represented in bold
Testing galaxy feedback models with the first resolved profiles of the circumgalactic medium
Creators: name: Chadayammuri, Urmila
name: Bogdan, Akos
name: Oppenheimer, Benjamin
name: Kraft, Ralph
name: Forman, William
name: Jones, Christine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hot ($>10^6$ K) phase of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) contains a large fraction of baryons in galaxies. It also retains signatures of the processes that shaped the galaxies, such as feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and supernovae, and offers a uniquely powerful way to constrain theoretical models of feedback. It is, however, notoriously difficult to detect. By stacking 2643 optically selected galaxies in the eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS), we present spatially resolved properties of the extended CGM in both star-forming and quiescent galaxies spanning an order of magnitude in stellar mass. We mask out resolved point sources and galaxy groups/clusters and model the contribution from X-ray binaries and the hot ISM, producing accurate radial profiles. We compare the profiles to mock X-ray observations of galaxy stacks in the IllustrisTNG100 (TNG) and EAGLE cosmological simulations. We detect extended emission from both the high-mass ($10.7<\log(M_*/M_\odot)<11.2$) and low-mass ($10.2<\log(M_*/M_\odot)<10.7$) galaxy stacks. Galaxies have somewhat more luminous CGM between $10-100$~kpc if they are more massive or star-forming. However, the luminosity increases slower with stellar mass than predicted in simulations. Simulated quenched galaxies are far dimmer than observed, suggesting that they rely too heavily on CGM ejection for quenching. Star-forming galaxies are observed to have flatter and more extended profiles than in simulations, suggesting under-efficient stellar feedback models. Our results highlight the need to modify future prescriptions of galaxy feedback models.
description: Accepted to ApJ Letters
Probing the Structural Basis of Triclosan-Glucuronide Processing by Flavin Mononucleotide-Binding β-Glucuronidases
Creators: name: Beaty, Violet
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Triclosan is an antibacterial compound which is commonly used in a number of consumer products. In its native form, triclosan is an irritant to the lining of the bowel. Bowel irritation caused by the reactivation of triclosan can worsen the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).1 Over 1.6 million Americans are believed to have IBD.2 Therefore, it is of great interest and necessity to understand the reactivation pathway of triclosan in the gut by a class of gut bacterial enzyme known as β-glucuronidases (GUS). This study focuses on elucidating the structure and key residues responsible for the reactivation of triclosan by GUS through in silico and in vitro methods. Preliminary catalytic efficiency data regarding triclosan processing efficiency was collected in order to better understand which GUS were the most successful at reactivating triclosan. The GUS which were the most successful at processing triclosan were then examined via in silico methods. In order to visualize the structure of these GUS, X-ray crystallography was performed to determine two novel GUS structures. With structures in hand, Schrödinger molecular docking suite was used to computationally model the ligand binding and interactions within the active site. Using site directed mutagenesis, we then probed the key residues of interest which had been identified by docking based on proximity to the ligand and hypothesized chemical interactions. This resulted in the discovery of key active site residues which are significant in the reactivation of triclosan by loop 1 and FMN-binding GUS. The findings of this study will help to better characterize the reactivation of the environmental risk factor triclosan by GUS within the human gut and subsequent implications for patients with IBD.
Positional impairment of gas exchange during diaphragm pacing alleviated by increasing amplitude settings in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome
Creators: name: Esther, C.R., Jr.
name: Chada, A.
name: Perez, I.A.
name: Kasi, A.S.
name: Leu, R.M.
Publisher: name: American Academy of Sleep Medicine
Year: 2020

description: Diaphragm pacing (DP) by phrenic nerve stimulation is a modality of chronic ventilatory support in individuals with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS). We report a 9-year-old girl with CCHS who uses DP without tracheostomy during sleep. Her parents report hypoxemia and hypercapnia related to positional changes of the body during sleep requiring frequent adjustment of pacer settings. Overnight polysomnography was performed to titrate DP settings that showed adequate gas exchange in the supine position, but intermittent hypoxemia and hypercapnia were noted in the left decubitus position without obstructive sleep apnea occurring. Subsequently, the DP amplitude settings were increased during polysomnography, thereby identifying and treating positional hypoxemia and hypercapnia in various body positions. Our case emphasizes the importance of polysomnography in children with CCHS using DP to monitor for sleep-disordered breathing and titration of DP settings to achieve optimal oxygenation and ventilation with different body positions during sleep. © 2020 American Academy of Sleep Medicine. All rights reserved.
Action Plan for Diamond Open Access (Japanese)
Creators: name: Ancion, Zoe
name: Borrell-Damián, Lidia
name: Mounier, Pierre
name: Rooryck, Johan
name: Saenen, Bregt
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Diamond Open Access
Open Access

description: Science Europe, cOAlition S, OPERAS, and the French National Research Agency (ANR) present an Action Plan for Diamond Open Access to further develop and expand a sustainable, community-driven Diamond OA scholarly communication ecosystem. It focuses on efficiency, quality standards, capacity building, and sustainability, and it addresses the alignment and development of common resources for the whole Diamond OA ecosystem, including journals and platforms, while respecting the cultural, multilingual, and disciplinary diversity that constitutes the strength of the sector. The Action Plan intends to create an inclusive worldwide community that has the tools to strengthen existing Diamond OA journals and platforms and increase their visibility.
Chemical insights into the base-tuned hydrothermal treatment of side stream biomasses
Creators: name: Tkachenko, Vitalii
name: Marzban, Nader
name: Vogl, Sarah
name: Filonenko, Svitlana
name: Antonietti, Markus
Publisher: name: Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: % reductions
subject: Basic pH
subject: Chemical diversity
subject: Hydrothermal process
subject: Hydrothermal treatments
subject: pH condition
subject: Pine bark
subject: Pressung
subject: Side streams
subject: Simple++
subject: 660

description: Herein, we analyzed the hydrothermal processes applied to four very different side stream biomasses (chestnut foliage, sugar beet pressing chips, pine bark and branches from park cleaning, bamboo cuts) and identified diverse soluble products depending on the starting pH of the reaction, covering mild to strong basic pH conditions. Despite the biological diversity of the starting products, hydrothermal disintegration of biomass results in a remarkable reduction of chemical diversity towards a controllable number of molecular products, and the well-resolved and rather simple NMR-spectra allow the assignment of the products to only a few families of compounds. It has been revealed that in comparison with the classical hydrothermal treatment, where mostly hydrochar is produced, molar excess of base shifts the hydrothermal treatment towards a humification process. A further increase of the base content causes destruction of the biomass into the more oxygenated homogeneous colloid and thus, for the first time, it can be assigned to the hydrothermal fulvication process. We discuss diverse valorization schemes depending on the biomass and conditions applied.
(986) Margaret Ann Beardshaw
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Electroweak Phase Transition and Gravitational Waves in the Type-II Seesaw Model
Creators: name: Zhou, Ruiyu
name: Bian, Ligong
name: Du, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The type-II seesaw model is a possible candidate for simultaneously explaining non-vanishing neutrino masses and the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe. In this work, we study in detail the pattern of phase transition and the gravitational wave production of this model. We find a strong first-order electroweak phase transition generically prefers positive Higgs portal couplings and a light triplet below $\sim550$ GeV. In addition, we find the gravitational wave yield generated during the phase transition would be at the edge of BBO sensitivity and could be further examined by Ultimate-DECIGO.
description: v1: 34 pages, 2 tables, 8 figures; v2: update references
Entanglement and correlations in fast collective neutrino flavor oscillations
Creators: name: Roggero, Alessandro
name: Rrapaj, Ermal
name: Xiong, Zewei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collective neutrino oscillations play a crucial role in transporting lepton flavor in astrophysical settings like supernovae and neutron star binary merger remnants, which are characterized by large neutrino densities. In these settings, simulations in the mean-field approximation show that neutrino-neutrino interactions can overtake vacuum oscillations and give rise to fast collective flavor evolution on time-scales $t\proptoμ^{-1}$, with $μ$ proportional to the local neutrino density. In this work, we study the full out-of-equilibrium flavor dynamics in simple multi-angle geometries displaying fast oscillations in the mean field linear stability analysis. Focusing on simple initial conditions, we analyze the production of pair correlations and entanglement in the complete many-body-dynamics as a function of the number $N$ of neutrinos in the system, for up to thousands of neutrinos. Similarly to simpler geometries with only two neutrino beams, we identify three regimes: stable configurations with vanishing flavor oscillations, marginally unstable configurations with evolution occurring on long time scales $τ\approxμ^{-1}\sqrt{N}$, and unstable configurations showing flavor evolution on short time scales $τ\approxμ^{-1}\log(N)$. We present evidence that these fast collective modes are generated by the same dynamical phase transition which leads to the slow bipolar oscillations, establishing a connection between these two phenomena and explaining the difference in their time scales. We conclude by discussing a semi-classical approximation which reproduces the entanglement entropy at short to medium time scales and can be potentially useful in situations with more complicated geometries where classical simulation methods starts to become inefficient.
Electronic structure of helicoidal graphene: massless Dirac particles on a curved surface with a screw symmetry
Creators: name: Watanabe, Masataka
name: Komatsu, Hisato
name: Tsuji, Naoto
name: Aoki, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massless Dirac particles on the helicoid are theoretically investigated. With its possible application being helical graphene, we explore how the peculiarities of Dirac particles appear on the curved, screw-symmetric surface. The zweibein is used to derive the massless Dirac equation on the helicoid, as well as general curved surfaces. Bound states of massless Dirac electrons are shown to be absent on the helicoid, and then the scattering probabilities and the phase shifts on the surface are obtained from numerically calculated wave functions. We find the local density of states and the phase shifts idiosyncratic especially around the axis of the helicoid. Bound states of massive Dirac electrons on the surface are also shown to be absent as an extension of the above result on massless Dirac electrons.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures
Titanium-Based Static Mixer Electrodes to Improve the Current Density of Slurry Electrodes
Creators: name: Percin, Korcan
name: Hereijgers, Jonas
name: Mulandi, Nicolas
name: Breugelmans, Tom
name: Wessling, Matthias
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: conducting materials
subject: electrochemistry
subject: redox flow battery
subject: slurry electrode
subject: static mixer
subject: 540

description: Complex geometries for electrodes are a great challenge in electrochemical applications. Slurry electrodes have been one example, which use complex flow distributors to improve the charge transfer between the current collector and the slurry particles. Here we use titanium-based flow distributors produced by indirect 3D-printing to improve further the electron transfer from highly conductive flow distributors to the slurry particles for a vanadium redox flow application. The titanium static mixers are directly coated with graphite to increase the activity for vanadium redox reactions. Increasing layers of graphite have shown an optimum for the positive and negative electrolytes. The application of heat treatment on the electrodes improves the anodic and cathodic current peaks drastically. Testing the highly conductive static mixers in a self-made redox flow cell results in 110 mA cm−2 discharge polarization.
Reconstruction of Missing Resonances Combining Nearest Neighbors Regressors and Neural Network Classifiers
Creators: name: Alves, Alexandre
name: Yamaguchi, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrinos, dark matter, and long-lived neutral particles traverse the particle detectors unnoticed, carrying away information about their parent particles and interaction sources needed to reconstruct key variables like resonance peaks in invariant mass distributions. In this work, we show that a $k$-nearest neighbors regressor algorithm combined with deep neural network classifiers, a $k$NN, is able to accurately recover binned distributions of the fully leptonic $WW$ mass of a new heavy Higgs boson and its Standard Model backgrounds from the observable detector level information at disposal. The output of the regressor can be used to train even stronger classifiers to separate signals and backgrounds in the fully leptonic case and guarantee the selection of on-mass-shell Higgs bosons with enhanced statistical significance. The method assumes previous knowledge of the event classes and model parameters, thus suitable for post-discovery studies.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables. Comments and suggestions are welcome
Influence of Gribov ambiguities in a class of nonlinear covariant gauges
Creators: name: Serreau, Julien
name: Tissier, Matthieu
name: Tresmontant, Andréas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider Yang-Mills theories in a recently proposed family of nonlinear covariant gauges that consistently deals with the issue of Gribov ambiguities. Such gauges provide a generalization of the Curci-Ferrari-Delbourgo-Jarvis gauges which can be formulated as an extremization procedure and might be implemented in numerical calculations. This would allow for nonperturbative studies of Yang-Mills correlators in a broad class of covariant gauges continuously connected to the well-studied Landau gauge. We compute the ghost and gluon propagators in the continuum formulation at one-loop order in perturbation theory and we study their momentum dependence down to the deep infrared regime, with and without renormalization group improvement. In particular, we show that the theory admits infrared-safe renormalization-group trajectories with no Landau pole. Both the gluon and the ghost behave as massive fields at low energy, and the gluon propagator is transverse even away from the Landau gauge limit. We compare our results to those obtained in the usual Curci-Ferrari model, which allows us to pinpoint the specific effects arising from our treatment of Gribov copies.
description: 23 pages. 24 figures. One suplemental material: Mathematica file with the full expressions of the one-loop Feynman diagrams
Challenging scenarios in nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in cystic fibrosis
Creators: name: Kasperbauer, S.H.
name: Caverly, L.J.
name: Zemanick, E.T.
name: Haworth, C.S.
name: Martiniano, S.L.
name: Esther, C.R., Jr.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Year: 2020

description: This review summarizes the discussion of a session held during the 2018 North American Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Conference titled “Challenging Cases in Nontuberculous Mycobacterial (NTM) Management.” In this session, a multidisciplinary panel of NTM experts discussed clinical challenges related to the management of NTM infection in people with CF in which decision-making falls outside of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation/European Cystic Fibrosis Society NTM guidelines. Topics discussed included managing newly acquired NTM infection, selecting and monitoring treatment regimens, determining treatment endpoints, and caring for patients after NTM treatment.
On the elephant random walk with stops playing hide and seek with the Mittag-Leffler distribution
Creators: name: Bercu, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60G50, 60G42, 60F05

description: The aim of this paper is to investigate the asymptotic behavior of the so-called elephant random walk with stops (ERWS). In contrast with the standard elephant random walk, the elephant is allowed to be lazy by staying on his own position. We prove that the number of ones of the ERWS, properly normalized, converges almost surely to a Mittag-Leffler distribution. It allows us to carry out a sharp analysis on the asymptotic behavior of the ERWS. In the diffusive and critical regimes, we establish the almost sure convergence of the ERWS. We also show that it is necessary to self-normalized the position of the ERWS by the random number of ones in order to prove the asymptotic normality. In the superdiffusive regime, we establish the almost sure convergence of the ERWS, properly normalized, to a nondegenerate random variable. Moreover, we also show that the fluctuation of the ERWS around its limiting random variable is still Gaussian.
(987) Charles Henry Beardshaw
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary data 2 file from Chitinase genes from Metarhizium anisopliae for the control of whitefly in cotton.
Creators: name: Anwar, Waheed
name: Javed, Muhammad Asim
name: Shahid, Ahmad Ali
name: Nawaz, Kiran
name: Akhter, Adnan
name: Rehman, Muhammad Zia Ur
name: Hameed, Usman
name: Sehrish Iftikhar
name: Haider, Muhammad Saleem
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Science

description: Nucleotides along deduced amino acids indicated below codons of Met_Chit1 gene of M. anisopliae isolate Tn-25. Substrate binding and catalytic domains are highlighted while start codon is represented in bold.
(988) [Beardshaw]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Extensive study of magneto-optical and optical properties of Cd1−xMnxTe between 675 and 1025 nm
Creators: name: Tyborski, Christoph
name: Hassan, Muhammad T.
name: Flisgen, Thomas
name: Schiemangk, Max
name: Wicht, Andreas
Publisher: name: New York, NY : American Inst. of Physics
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Complex indices
subject: Loss coefficients
subject: Magneto-optical
subject: Optical isolators
subject: Optical reflection
subject: Reflection and transmission
subject: Reflection measurements
subject: Stoichiometric ratio
subject: Transmission measurements
subject: Verdet constant
subject: 530

description: We determine Faraday rotations and measure the optical reflection and transmission from magneto-optical Cd1−xMnxTe crystals with various stoichiometric ratios. For wavelengths between 675 and 1025 nm, we derive Verdet constants, optical loss coefficients, and the complex indices of reflection that are relevant measures to find suitable stoichiometric ratios of Cd1−xMnxTe for the realization of miniaturized optical isolators. By reflection and transmission measurements, we determine the stoichiometric ratios of several different Cd1−xMnxTe crystals and discuss the observed dependence of the optical properties on the stoichiometric ratio with respect to their use in optical isolators. Finally, we show the relevant figure of merit, i.e., the ratio of Verdet constants and optical loss coefficients for Cd1−xMnxTe crystals with Mn contents ranging from x = 0.14 to x = 0.50.
Predictors of change in code status from time of admission to death in critically ill surgical patients
Creators: name: Purcell, L.N.
name: Maine, R.
name: Tignanelli, C.J.
name: Charles, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Racial and gender disparities in end-of-life decision-making practices have not been well described in surgical patients. We performed an eight-year retrospective analysis of surgical patients within the Cerner Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Outcomes database. ICU patients with documented admission code status, and death or ICU discharge code status, respectively, were included. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess change in code status. Of 468,000 ICU patients, 97,968 (20.9%) were surgical, 63,567 (95%) survived, and 3,343 (5%) died during their hospitalization. Of those, 50,915 (80.1%) and 2,625 (78.5%) had complete code status data on admission and discharge or death, respectively. Women were less likely than men to remain full code at ICU discharge and death (n 5 20,940, 95.6% and n 5 141, 11.9% vs n 5 29,320, 97.4% and n 5 233, 16.3%, P < 0.001). Compared with whites, blacks and other minorities had a 0.46 odds (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33–0.64, P < 0.001) and 0.54 odds (95% CI: 0.34–0.85, P 5 0.01) of changing from full code status before death, respectively. Before ICU discharge, blacks and other minorities had a 0.56 odds of changing from full code status when compared with whites (95% CI: 0.40–0.79, P < 0.001 vs 95% CI: 0.36–0.87, P 5 0.01, respectively). Women were more likely to be discharged or die after a change in code status from full code (odds ratio 1.27, 95% CI: 1.06–1.07, P < 0.001 odds ratio 1.39, 95% CI: 1.09–1.79, P 5 0.009). Men and minorities are more likely to be discharged from the ICU or die with a full code status designation.