Dollfusentis salgadoi Monks, Alemán-García & Pulido-Flores, 2008, n. sp.
Creators: name: Monks, Scott
name: Alemán-García, Berenice
name: Pulido-Flores, Griselda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Acanthocephala
Palaeacanthocephala
Echinorhynchida
Illiosentidae
Dollfusentis
Dollfusentis salgadoi

description: Dollfusentis salgadoi n. sp.
(Figs. 1–11)
Type-host: Eugerres plumieri (Cuvier, 1830), Gerreidae, striped mojarra.
Type-locality: Bahía de Chetumal, state of Quintana Roo, México (19°31’ N, 105°06’ W; April, 1999– July, 2005).
Site: Rectum.
Prevalence: Infecting 31 of 48 fish examined (65%).
Mean abundance: 1021 worms/ 48 fish examined (21.3 worms per fish examined).
Intensity and mean intensity: Range of intensity 1-216 worms, mean intensity 33 worms per infected fish.
Type-specimens: Holotype CNHE-6267 (male); Allotype CNHE-6268 (female); Paratypes CNHE-6269, HWML-48915–48924, CHE-P0058, numbers for paratypes deposited in ECOSUR and USNPC not given; Vouchers CHE-P0059.
Etymology: The specific epithet honors Dr. Guillermo Salgado-Maldonado, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, for his lifelong work with acanthocephalans of México.
Description: Based on 25 male and 25 female specimens. Trunk cylindrical, 3406–8669 (5616±1666, n=46) long, 206–619 (386±83, n=49) wide with greatest width approximately 1/3 total body length posterior to neck (Figures 1, 4). Proboscis cylindrical, 721–1082 (926±87, n=28) long, 82–134 (110±16, n=53) wide, bearing 13–14 (n=31) rows of 17–19 (n=31) hooks each (Figure 3) and a ventral half-moon crescent of enlarged hooks, located 21–31 (27±3, n=46) posterior to posteriormost complete ring of proboscis hooks. Armature similar in both sexes; anteriormost hooks largest with thick roots, posteriormost 4–5 hooks in each row small, rootless. Sensory papilla present laterally between the fifth and sixth or sixth and seventh hooks from the posteriormost complete ring of hooks on the proboscis. Apical organ oval, 26–46 (35±8, n=12) long, 13–26 (18±4, n=12) wide at middle. Neck 278–464 (355±46, n=47) long. Proboscis receptacle double-walled (Figure 3), 958–1401 (1114±105, n=49) long, 93–216 (170±27, n=49) wide at midpoint, attached at level of proboscis-neck junction, outer wall shorter than inner wall. Cerebral ganglion elongate, attached to proboscis retractor muscles, located in neck, 170–324 (240±45, n=15) long, 41–67 (53±7, n=15) wide. Two lemnisci, elongate, one slightly shorter than the other. Nuclei in lemnisci oval, partially fragmented in mature specimens. Single ligament sac, ruptured in adult females, connected to interior uterine bell at posterior end (Figure 5). Uterine bell elongate, slightly wider at anterior end (Figure 5). Uterus slightly longer than vagina; vagina elongate, widest at posterior end. Females with pair of moderately developed bands of vestibular muscle with fan-shaped posterior attachment, extending from dorsal body wall at level of uterine bell posteriorly to posteroventral body wall adjacent to genital pore (Figures 5, 11). Testes oval, tandem, contiguous with slight overlap (Figure 2). Vas efferens from each testis joining vas deferens, each efferent duct slightly widened to provide 2–4 individual seminal reservoirs arranged tandemly; vas deferens present. Seminal vesicle elongate oval; ejaculatory duct present. Eight elongate oval cement glands, each with 13–14 nuclei. Cement duct from each gland slightly widened anteriorly to provide individual cement reservoirs. Saefftigen’s pouch located immediately posterior to cluster of cement glands. Body wall thin, containing small subcuticular nuclei, not fragmented in mature specimens. Main canals of lacunar system lateral. Trunk spines, most with small rootlets, extending from the neck-trunk junction posteriorly over about 11%–15% of length of trunk (Figures 1, 3–4, 6). Genital pores terminal; genital spines present in both sexes, points of most directed anteriorly (Figures 2, 5, 9–10). Mature eggs elongate fusiform, prolongation of inner membranes slightly pinched at the poles (Figure 7) in only a few eggs.
Male (Figures 1–3, 8 B, 9): Trunk 3406–5341 (4151±501, n=21) long, 206–464 (346±57, n=24) wide at greatest width (Figure 1). Trunk spines, most with small rootlets, extending from the neck-trunk junction posteriorly over about 15% of length of trunk; slightly more extensive dorsally (covering 15.8% of trunk length dorsally vs. 15.3% ventrally). Proboscis 721–1082 (900±92, n=18) long, 82–124 (102±13, n=29) wide, bearing 13–14 (n=18) longitudinal rows of hooks with 17–19 (18±1, n=18) hooks (Figures 1, 3, 8 B); hook sizes are given in Table 1. Apical organ 28–36 (31±3, n=5) long, 13–26 (20±5, n=5) wide. Neck 278–371 (317±25, n=22) long, 72–113 (94±12, n=22) wide at anterior end, 82–196 (130±26, n=23) wide at neck-trunk junction. Half-moon crescent of enlarged hooks, located 21–31 (25±3, n=22) posterior to posteriormost complete ring of proboscis hooks. Proboscis receptacle 958–1215 (1050±66, n=25) long, 93–206 (164±30, n=25) wide. Inner wall 8–15 (11±2, n=22) thick, outer wall 8–15 (10±2, n=22) thick. Outer wall shorter than inner wall, 1190–1506 (1350±106, n=12) long, extending to within 188–524 (340±99, n=13) of anterior end of inner wall. Cerebral ganglion 170–280 (219±40, n=8) long, 49–67 (56±7, n=8) wide. Shorter lemniscus 1215–2565 (1849±260, n=25) in length, longer lemniscus 1504–2750 (2050±284, n=24) long; width of lemnisci equal, 41–72 (58±9, n=25) wide. Male reproductive system 999–1803 (1447±224, n=16) long, occupying approximately 35% of trunk length (Figure 2). Anterior testis 268–391 (322±38, n=25) long and 124–227 (176±29, n=25) wide. Posterior testis 206–361 (287±43, n=22) long and 134–237 (189±30, n=22) wide. Anterior and posterior testes with 5%–7% overlap. Vas efferens from anterior testis 470–943 (615±119, n=12) long and from posterior testis 278–496 (347±76, n=13) long. Vas deferens 139–301 (220±53, n=13) long. Seminal vesicle 105–226 (179±33, n=21) long and 67–141 (106±19, n=21) wide. Ejaculatory duct 57–198 (120±55, n=9) long and 10–21 (15±4, n=9) wide. Cement glands 67–139 (97±19, n=25) long and 54–103 (72±14, n=25) wide; ducts 357–902 (590±104, n=24) long and 31–62 (40±7, n=25) wide. Saefftigen’s pouch 144–249 (199±25, n=25) long and 93–172 (135±20, n=25) wide; pouch wall 5–15 (9±2, n=25) thick.
8 M 32–36 36–41 33–41 39–49 39–44 41–51 (39) (44) (41) (46)
9 33–41 41–44 39–44 41–46 (37) (42) (41) (44)
M 10 33–56 26–41 36–39 36–46 39–44 41–46 (38) (39) (41) (44)
M 11 28–36 26–41 39 39–41 (32) (36) (39) (40) M 13 18–21 21–26 21 18–23 (19) (23) (21) (21)
M 14 18–21 21–23 15–26 18–23 (19) (21) (21) (21)
M 15 18–21 18–26 18–21 15–26 (20) (21) (19) (21)
M 16 11–18 18 B 12–20 12–16 13–23 15–26 18–21 18–21 (19) (19) (19) (19)
17 B 12–20 12–16 13–21 15–21 13–15 15–18 (16) (17) (14) (17)
B 18 11 7–18 18 –18 18–23 13–18 15–18 (16) (20) (15) (17)
B 19 B 20 7–15 11 –15 Separation 33 37 28–41 41 21–31 23–31 (25) (28)
Crescent 37–67 48–60 41 43 26–77 33–82 (55) (62)
*Measurements from Salgado-Maldonado 1976, and hook positions are as given in that work for D. chandleri (20 hooks per row; his Cuadro 1).†Measurements from Salgado-Maldonado 1976, and hook positions are as given in that work for D. bravoae (17 hooks per row; his Cuadro 2). Note: Measurements for D. salgadoi n. sp. are given as minimum–maximum (average); hooks from 5 females and 5 males were measured but, for uniformity, only those having 18 hooks per row are given here. Letters indicate hook positions and measurements of hooks designated as groups of apical(A), midle(M), and basal (B) hooks.
Female (Figures 4–6, 8 A, 10–11): Trunk 4644–8669 (6846±1242, n=25) long, 232–619 (425±85, n=25) wide at greatest width (Figure 4). Trunk spines, most with small rootlets, extending from the neck-trunk junction posteriorly over about 11% of length of trunk; slightly more extensive ventrally (covering 11.7% of trunk length dorsally vs. 11.8% ventrally). Proboscis 865–1051 (972±55, n=10) long, 93–134 (120±13, n=24) wide, bearing 14 (n=13) longitudinal rows of hooks with 17–19 (18±1, n=13) hooks; hook sizes are given in Table 1. Apical organ 26–46 (37±10, n=7) long, 15–21 (17±2, n=7) wide. Neck 288–464 (389±33, n=25) long, 82–124 (101±10, n=25) wide at anterior end, 113–185 (155±21, n=25) wide at neck-trunk junction. Half-moon crescent of enlarged hooks, located 23–31 (28±3, n=24) posterior to posteriormost complete ring of proboscis hooks. Proboscis receptacle 1020–1401 (1180±97, n=24) long, 134–216 (175±21, n=24) wide. Inner wall 8–21 (13±3, n=24) thick, outer wall 8–15 (12±2, n=24) thick. Outer wall shorter than inner wall, 1375–1822 (1546±103, n=24) long, extending to within 347–542 (447±53, n=24) of anterior end of inner wall. Cerebral ganglion 218–324 (263±39, n=7) long, 41–57 (50±5, n=7) wide. Shorter lemniscus 1669–2925 (2232±384, n=21) long, longer lemniscus 1864–3162 (2491±370, n=20) long; shorter lemnisci, 41–93 (61±16, n=21) wide, slightly wider than longer lemnisci, 31–82 (58±14, n=21) wide. Female reproductive system 505–876 (709±91, n=23) long (Figure 5), occupying approximately 10% of trunk length. Uterine bell 154–439 (289±61, n=23) long, 44–129 (85±23, n=23) wide at anterior opening, 41–121 (80±24, n=23) wide at middle. Sorting apparatus 113–226 (189±26, n=24) long, 41–85 (66±12, n=24) wide. Uterus 100–175 (129±14, n=25) long, 28–57 (40±6, n=25) wide. Vagina 33–67 (53±8, n=23) long, 39–64 (50±7, n=23) wide at anterior, 59–116 (88±15, n=23) long, 26–46 (34±5, n=23) wide at posterior. Size of mature eggs measured through body wall 41–72 (60±10, n=14) long, 10–18 (15±2, n=14) wide (Figure 7).
Remarks: Monks & Pulido-Flores (2002) recognized 4 species of Dollfusentis Golvan, 1969 as being valid: D. bravoae; D. chandleri; D. ctenorhynchus, and D. longispinus. The finding of D. salgadoi n. sp. adds a fifth member to that group. Two synapomophies for the genus, the presence of a ventral crescent (partial ring) of elongated hooks that are separated posteriorly from the posteriormost complete ring of proboscis hooks, and vestibular muscles in the form of 2 lateral bands, have been recognized (Monks 2001; Monks & Pulido-Flores 2002). Dollfusentis salgadoi n. sp. shares those characters with the other species assigned to the genus. The 4 known species of the genus can be divided into 2 groups based on the absence (D. chandleri and D. ctenorhynchus) or presence of genital spines (D. longispinus, D. bravoae, and the new species). Dollfusentis salgadoi n. sp. can be separated from D. longispinus by the number of genital spines present in members of each species (only females of the latter species have genital spines, 1 dorsally and 1 ventrally) and from D. bravoae because females of that species lack genital spines; both males and females of the new species have 8–23 genital spines located laterally as well as dorsally and ventrally.
All known species of Dollfusentis have 13–14 longitudinal rows of hooks on the proboscis, except D. ctenorhynchus, which has 12–14 rows. Dollfusentis chandleri has an average of 20 (19–21) hooks per longitudinal row, D. ctenorhynchus has 22 (19–24), and D. longispinus has 22 hooks per row. Specimens of D. bravoae have 16–17 hooks per row and those of the new species have 17–19 hooks per row. Of the known Mexican species of Dollfusentis, D. salgadoi n. sp. has longer lemnisci (shorter = 2.0, longer = 2.3), larger testes (anterior = 0.32 long by 0.18 wide, posterior = 0.29 long by 0.20 wide), and longer eggs (0.060) than D. bravoae (shorter = 1.7, longer = 1.9; anterior = 0.22 long by 0.14 wide, posterior = 0.21 long by 0.14 wide; and 0.057 long, respectively) or D. chandleri (shorter = 1.5, longer = 1.8; anterior = 0.27 long by 0.16 wide, posterior = 0.25 long by 0.17 wide; and 0.047 long, respectively). In the specimens examined for this study, the trunk spines were found to extend from the neck-trunk junction more posteriorly in D. bravoae than in D. chandleri or the new species, although this difference is not obvious in the percent coverage (over about 11%–12%, 8%–20%, and 11%–12% of the length of trunk, respectively). In these specimens the trunk spines are slightly more extensive ventrally than dorsally than ventrally in D. bravoae (0.1%–0.5%), more extensive dorsally than ventrally in D. chandleri (0.6%–2.7%), and slightly more extensive dorsally (0.5%) than ventrally in males and slightly more extensive ventrally (0.1%) than dorsally in females of the new species. Both
description: Published as part of Monks, Scott, Alemán-García, Berenice & Pulido-Flores, Griselda, 2008, A new species of Dollfusentis Golvan, 1969 (Palaeacanthocephala: Illiosentidae) in the striped mojara, Eugerres plumieri (Perciformes: Actinoptergii), from Bahía de Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México, pp. 45-56 in Zootaxa 1853 on pages 46-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183464