title: ÐÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐ¼Ð½Ð¾-Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð»ÐµÑÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÑÐ¸Ð±ÑÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÑÐ² ÑÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð² Ð½Ð° Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐµÑÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð°ÐºÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: The influence of space-planning characteristics of stairs and under-tribune space on the parameters of evacuation
Creators: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð²ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¾, ÐÐ³Ð¾Ñ
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2021
Subjects: ÐÐµÑÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ
ÐÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½ÐµÐ´ÐµÑÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð²ÐµÐºÐ°
Ð¢ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ° Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸
ÐÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ
Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÐ¼Ð½Ð¾-Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ðµ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ
Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÑÐ¸Ð±ÑÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÑÐ²Ð¾
ÑÐ²Ð°ÐºÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ
ÑÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸Ð¾Ð½
space-planning characteristics
under-tribune space
evacuation
stadium

description: Ð Ð°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð° Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÐ¼Ð½Ð¾-Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð»ÐµÑÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÑÐ¸Ð±ÑÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÑÐ² ÑÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð² Ð½Ð° Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐµÑÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð°ÐºÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸. ÐÐ°Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸, ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµ ÑÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ Ð² ÑÐ¾Ð´Ðµ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ: 1. ÐÐ±Ð·Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¸ Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð² Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°ÑÑÐ¸ Ð·Ð°Ð²Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¸ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð»ÑÐ´ÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾Ð² Ð¸ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐ¼Ð½Ð¾-Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ½ÑÐ¼Ð¸ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÐ¼Ð¸ ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾-Ð·ÑÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹; 2. ÐÐ½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐ¼Ð½Ð¾-Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾-Ð·ÑÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð°ÑÐµÐ½: ÐÐ¾Ð»Ð¸Ð·ÐµÑ, Ð³. Ð Ð¸Ð¼, ÐÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ Â«ÐÐ°Ð·Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¼ ÐÑÐµÐ½ÑÂ», Ð³. Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³, Ð Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ñ; 3. ÐÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐ° Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð»ÑÐ´ÐµÐ¹ Ð½Ð° ÑÑÐ¸Ð±ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ, Ð² Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÑÐ¸Ð±ÑÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ, Ð½Ð° Ð»ÐµÑÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÐºÐ»ÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÑ Ð°ÑÐµÐ½ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ ÑÐ²Ð°ÐºÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸; 4. Ð Ð°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ° ÑÐµÐºÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÑÑÐµÐ½ÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾-ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð½Ð° ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÑ Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÐµÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ²Ð°ÐºÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð»ÑÐ´ÐµÐ¹ Ð½Ð° Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ðµ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð° Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸. Ð Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐ¼Ð½Ð¾-Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð²ÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾-Ð·ÑÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð°ÑÐµÐ½ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ñ: Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð°Ð¼ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ°ÑÑÐ° Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¸ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ - Ð Ð¸Ð¼ÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÐÐ¾Ð»Ð¸Ð·ÐµÑ (Ð³. Ð Ð¸Ð¼, ÐÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ñ), Ð¸ ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑÑÐ±Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð° Â«ÐÐ°Ð·Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¼ ÐÑÐµÐ½Ð°Â» (Ð³. Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³, Ð Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ñ). ÐÐ¾ÑÑÑÐ¾ÐµÐ½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑÐµÑÐ½ÑÐµ 3D-Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ Ð°ÑÐµÐ½ Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¾ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐ° ÑÐ²Ð°ÐºÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð² Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð¼ Ð¾Ð±ÐµÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸ Â«Ð¡Ð¸Ð³Ð¼Ð° ÐÐÂ» (Ð Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ñ). ÐÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½ ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐ¼Ð½Ð¾-Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð°ÑÐµÐ½ Ñ ÑÐ¾ÑÐºÐ¸ Ð·ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÐµÐ¿ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¾Ð±ÐµÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð±ÐµÑÐ¿ÑÐµÐ¿ÑÑÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¸ ÑÐ²Ð¾ÐµÐ²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ²Ð°ÐºÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð»ÑÐ´ÐµÐ¹. Ð£ÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¾, ÑÑÐ¾ Ð² ÐÐ¾Ð»Ð¸Ð·ÐµÐµ Ð·Ð°Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½ ÑÑÐ´ Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹, Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð°ÐºÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ ÑÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾, ÑÐµÐ¼ Ð² ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¼ ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¼ ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸: ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÐ¸Ð³ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð»ÐµÑÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ, Ð¾Ð±ÐµÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð²ÑÑÐ¾ÐºÑÑ ÑÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ; ÑÑÐµÐ´Ð½ÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ ÑÐµÐ¼, Ð² ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð° Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑÐµ (306 Ñ Ð¸ 900 Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÐ²ÐµÑÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾), Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑÐµÐµ ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÑÐ²Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð½Ð° Ð»ÐµÑÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐ°Ñ. ÐÐ¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¾, ÑÑÐ¾ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ° ÐÐ¾Ð»Ð¸Ð·ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÐµÑ Ð½Ðµ Ð²ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ°Ð¿Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð°ÐºÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ Ð½Ðµ ÑÑÐµÐ±ÑÐµÑ Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÑÐµÐ¹ ÑÐ²Ð°ÐºÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¾Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÑÐ²Ð°. Ð ÑÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð¼, Ð² Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ðµ Ð¾Ñ ÑÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð° Â«ÐÐ°Ð·Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¼ ÐÑÐµÐ½Ð°Â» Ð½Ðµ ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð»Ð¾ÑÑ ÑÐ¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ²Ð°ÐºÑÐ°ÑÐ¸ÐµÐ¹ (Ð¼Ð°ÑÑÑÑÑÐ¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ) Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð³ÑÑÐ·ÐºÐ¸ Ð½Ð° Ð»ÐµÑÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¸ ÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸ ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ´ Ð»ÐµÑÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¸.
description: The work is devoted to the study of the influence of the parameters of space-planning characteristics of stairs and under-tribune space on the parameters of evacuation. The research set the following goals: 1. Review of scientific research and regulation standards in the field of dependencies between the parameters of movement of human flows and space-planning characteristics of sports arenas; 2. Analysis of space-planning characteristics for sports arenas: Colosseum, Rome, Italy and Gazprom Arena, St. Petersburg, Russia; 3. Computer modeling of the process of movement of people in the tribunes, in the under-tribune space, in the stairwells of sports arenas during evacuation; 4. Development of recommendations for improving organizational and technical measures in sports arenas to ensure safe evacuation of people based on the analysis of the data obtained in computer modeling The work analyzes the space-planning characteristics of the most famous amphitheater of ancient times of the Roman Colosseum (Rome, Italy) in the field of evacuation in case of fire. 3D computer models of the arena were built, and evacuation was simulated using the Sigma FS software (Russia). A comparative analysis of the space-planning solutions of the arena with the modern concept of organizing the provision of the unhindered and timely evacuation of people is carried out. It has been established that a number of features have been designed in the Colosseum, which makes it possible to carry out evacuation more successfully than in modern sports facilities: the configuration of the stairs, providing a high speed of movement; the average duration of clusters is three times less, and there are fewer turns on the stairs. It is shown that the layout of the Colosseum makes it possible not to carry out a phased evacuation and does not require fencing the escape routes from the main space. In general, the Roman Colosseum did not require evacuation control (routing) to equalize a load of traffic on the stairs and reduce the time of congestion in front of the stairs.