cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A quantum model for the stock market
Creators: name: Zhang, Chao
name: Huang, Lu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Mathematical economics

description: Beginning with several basic hypotheses of quantum mechanics, we give a new quantum model in econophysics. In this model, we define wave functions and operators of the stock market to establish the Schrödinger equation for the stock price. Based on this theoretical framework, an example of a driven infinite quantum well is considered, in which we use a cosine distribution to simulate the state of stock price in equilibrium. After adding an external field into the Hamiltonian to analytically calculate the wave function, the distribution and the average value of the rate of return are shown.
description: Final accepted version by Physica A. 13 pages and 3 figures
title: Numerical modelling of stress‐strain response and deformation‐induced martensite in metastable austenitic stainless steels under monotonic tensile loading
Creators: name: Thammineni, Hari Kisan
name: Zhu, Tong
name: Smaga, Marek
name: Beck, Tilmann
name: Müller, Ralf
Publisher: name: Wiley-VCH
Year: 2023

description: A constitutive model describing the deformation‐induced martensite transformation in metastable austenitic CrNi steels is presented. In line with the previous work of Stringfellow et al. [1], the material is considered to have a composite response of the underlying austenite and the evolving martensite phases. The stresses and strains in the individual phases are described using viscoplastic models. The effective properties of the material are then computed by a homogenization method. Strain hardening in the individual phases is represented using separate flow rules. Furthermore, based on the plastic strain in the austenitic phase, a transformation kinetics model describes the evolution of the martensite volume, in the two‐phase composite. A numerical implementation of the model is done in the finite element program FEAP [2]. The parameters in model are identified by experimental data using the least‐squares optimization. Finally, some results are presented using an illustrative boundary value problem of a structured surface.
Basisdefinition einer gemeinsamen Sprache der Produktentwicklung im Kontext der Modellbildung technischer Systeme und einer Modellierungstechnik für Zielsystem und Objektsystem technischer Systeme in SysML auf Grundlage des ZHO-Prinzips = Basis definition of a common language of product engineering in the context of modeling of technical systems and a modeling technique for the systems of objectives and objects of technical systems on the basis of the ZHO-principle
Creators: name: Zingel, Johannes Christian
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013
Subjects: Model-Based Systems Engineering
MBSE
SysML

description: Die Arbeit begegnet den Herausforderungen einer erfolgreichen Kommunikation in der fachdisziplinübergreifenden Zusammenarbeit durch eine Basisdefinition einer gemeinsamen Sprache der Produktentwicklung für den Kontext der Modellbildung technischer Systeme. Darauf basierend wird eine Modellierungstechnik als zentrales Werkzeug zur Handhabung der umfangreichen und heterogenen Daten und Informationen vorgestellt.
Metabolic hormones and physical activity as regulators of brain glial cell functions and neuroimmune status
Creators: name: Spielman, Lindsay Joy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia worldwide, is characterized by several cellular hallmarks including chronic neuroinflammation. Glial cells, the immune and support cells of the brain, become activated in response to pathological formations in the AD brain and neuroinflammation occurs as a result. Persistent activation of glial cells can result in chronic neuroinflammation, which can be damaging to brain tissue. The goal of my PhD research project was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms by which certain non-neuronal factors increase the risk of developing AD, such that new treatment options for AD might be identified. My research focused on two risk factors for developing AD: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and sedentary (SED) lifestyles. The overarching hypothesis of my thesis is that the metabolic hormone dysregulation as well as reduced physical activity, contribute to AD pathogenesis through neuroimmune mechanisms. I focused on three specific hypotheses: 1) insulin, a metabolic hormone that has reduced functionality in T2DM, regulates the neuroinflammatory response of glia; 2) the incretin hormones glucagon like peptide (GLP)-1 and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which also become dysregulated in T2DM, control several aspects of glial cell function; and 3) physical activity (PA) has an impact on the neuroimmune status of the brain, which is regulated in a monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1-dependent manner. Using in vitro cell culture techniques, I demonstrate that glial cells express the insulin receptors. I show that insulin could have anti- inflammatory properties in the brain and may protect against glia-mediated neurotoxicity, while GLP-1 and GIP exhibit anti-apoptotic, antioxidant and trophic effects on glial cells. Utilizing in vivo murine studies, I demonstrate that PA can modify glial cell activation and regulate the expression of immune cytokines in the brain. Additionally, I reveal that the neuroimmune status-modifying activity of PA relies partially on MCP-1. I have discovered that insulin, GLP-1, GIP and PA regulate specific aspects of neuroinflammation. Therefore, targeting neuroinflammation may represent viable AD treatment options, which should be explored in future clinical studies.
Photograph of Henry Cowell with Cat
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016

description: This photograph of Henry Cowell is inscribed “to Ruth,” undoubtedly Ruth Ihrig, the Department of Music’s Administrator from 1947 to 1988. Creation date inferred from dates of Cowell's life (1897-1965) and those of Ruth Ihrig's employment at Columbia (1947-1988).
Self-Powered Multi-Function Harmonics-Based Wireless Sensing System Using Graphene Bioelectronics
Creators: name: Hajizadegan, Mehdi
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: We introduce a new paradigm of low-noise and low-interface wireless sensing system, which receives a radio signal at the fundamental frequency f0 and retransmits high harmonics (e.g. second harmonic 2f0) with the conversion gain being modulated by the targeted agent. Specifically, the harmonic-transponder sensor (or harmonic sensor) is based on all-graphene radio-frequency (RF) circuits. Thanks to unique properties in graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs), such as the ambipolar carrier transport and the shiftable charge neutral point, the frequency modulation and chemical/molecular sensing functions can be combined into a single RF component (i.e., chemically-sensitive modulator). By transmitting and interrogating RF signals with orthogonal frequencies, the backscattered signal can be free from severe background clutters, jamming, multipath-scattering and background electromagnetic interfaces, regardless of the sensor’s scattering cross-section. Moreover, a GFET-based RF modulator circuit may enable dual/multi-functional sensing by employing the machine learning approach to interpret output harmonics. The proposed graphene-based harmonic sensor may be used to a variety of sensing applications, including, but not limited to, real-time monitoring of chemical and gas exposures, as well as biological agents. Further development of such technique may have an impact on wearable and implantable devices, internet of things (IoTs), industry 4.0, and smart city.
Road traffic deaths: A retrospective analysis (2009–2019) in the north of the Italian region Emilia Romagna
Creators: name: Anzillotti, L.
name: Dagoli, S.
name: Calò, L.
name: Maglietta, G.
name: Cecchi, R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: International literature and several national studies demonstrate that alcohol and illicit drugs impair driving abilities, diminishing the level of attention, and cause traffic accidents. In Italy, driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs is regulated by Articles 186 and 187 of the National Street Code, which defines penalties and fines for the convicted. The aim of this study was the collection of all available data from 2009 to 2019 focusing on deaths related to road accidents in the Unit of Legal Medicine of Department of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Parma, in order to assess any consumption of alcohol, illicit drugs, and medicinal drugs among drivers. Data were retrieved from autopsy reports found at the Unit of Legal Medicine of Parma University related to 327 subjects who died following road accidents in the Italian areas of Parma, Reggio–Emilia, and Piacenza. The population was divided into subgroups according to age, gender, crash time, and drug positivity. Those in the age group 46 to 65 years old were involved in the most accidents, whereas the category with fewest members included subjects under 26 years old. The majority of road accidents occurred during the daytime and on weekends. Among the toxicological investigations carried out (only for drivers), the highest prevalence was found for alcohol (43.1%), followed by illicit drugs (14.4%) and medicinal drugs (7.8%). The prevalence of alcohol and illicit drugs in combination was 11.8%. Regarding subjects positive for alcohol and illicit drugs in combination, 44.4% had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) > 1.5 g/L and overall, in 61.1% of the total cases a BAC > 0.81 g/L was detected. Our results are in line with national and international studies highlighting the prevalence of high BAC levels in most of the cases. Confirmation analyses on blood collected from people who died following road accidents showed levels of BAC above 0.8 g/L (threshold for penal sanctions) in the majority of the subjects who tested positive for alcohol. They also revealed cocaine, cannabis, and benzodiazepines as the most common illicit drugs and medicinal drugs used, respectively, as demonstrated in several international studies.
Zweitveröffentlichen - gemeinsam sind wir stärker
Creators: name: Deppe, Arvid
name: Härkönen, Sonja
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: self-archiving
green open access
open access
Open Access Netzwerk
Fokusgruppe
Zweitveröffentlichung

description: Folien zum Imputvortrag beim OA-Netzwerk-Workshop für die Ressortforschung: Repositorien und Kooperation (2023-12-12).
Wirksamkeit der Elimination von Viren durch Filtrationsverfahren der Trinkwasseraufbereitung
Creators: name: Kreißel, Katja
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013
Subjects: Wasseraufbereitung
Viren
Ultrafiltration
Flockungsfiltration
Bakteriophagen

description: Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Dissertation wurde das Risiko des Vorkommens von Viren im Trinkwasser betrachtet, wobei besonders auf die Eliminationsleistung der partikelabtrennenden Stufen Flockungs- und Ultrafiltration eingegangen wurde. Der Virenrückhalt durch die genannten Verfahren wurde, neben großtechnischen Untersuchungen, durch labor- und halbtechnische Dosierversuche mit Bakteriophagen und enteralen Viren unter Berücksichtigung des Einflusses verschiedener Prozessgrößen bestimmt.
How people describe their place: Approaches to interpreting and formalizing place descriptions
Creators: name: Richter, Daniela
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013
Subjects: place descriptions
granularity
spatial relations

description: This cumulative thesis deals with human place descriptions and their interpretation. In particular, it poses four different research questions: What are dominant types of place descriptions? What different types of hierarchical structures do they use? What is the role of spatial relationships in defining the actual location? Can violations in form of flat structures or gaps in levels be related to the applied classification scheme?
R torsion and analytic torsion for a conical frustum
Creators: name: Hartmann, Luiz
name: Spreafico, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57Q10, 58J52

description: We investigate the limit the R torsion of a conical frustum as one of the basis is shrunk to a point. We show that, if we take suitable regularization, such a limit gives the intersection torsion of the resulting cone.
Predictions via large theta13 from cascades
Creators: name: Haba, Naoyuki
name: Takahashi, Ryo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a relation among neutrino observables, three mixing angles and two mass squared differences, from a cascade texture of neutrino mass matrix. We show an allowed region of the correlation by use of current data of neutrino oscillation experiments. The relation predicts sharp correlations among neutrino mixing angles as $0.315\lesssim\sin^2θ_{12}\lesssim0.332$ and $0.480\lesssim\sin^2θ_{23}\lesssim0.500$ with a large $θ_{13}$ ($0.03
description: 11 pages, 12 figures, version to appear in PLB
Multi-Scale Simulation of Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygen Exchange for the Entire Mouse Brain
Creators: name: Hartung, Grant A
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Aging-related dementia affects a significant and growing population every year. To investigate novel intervention techniques, the relationship between the brain chemistry must be quantified in healthy and unhealthy brains. Neurovascular imaging has correlated age-related hypoxic tissue to plaque formation (amyloid-β) and changes in vascular structure. Imaging paradigms investigating this coupling (known as the neurovascular unit) have limited spatial domains (=imaging window and depth) accompanied by point-measurements of oxygen, blood flow, and vascular structure which are performed using different imaging modalities and even on different subjects. This fragmented information can be pieced together with computational methods (=simulations) but historically suffered from even smaller spatial domains and significant non-physiological modeling assumptions. The current work advances these computational methods, using topological properties of empirically-derived vascular structures to synthesize synthetic clones (increase sample size) and grow the entire cerebral circulation of the hemisphere in mouse. These synthetic networks are topologically equivalent to empirical reconstructions. Improvements in nonlinear solvability and analysis have allowed rigorous biphasic blood flow simulations on these structures (=red blood cells + plasma). These simulations have revealed a previously undescribed red blood cell gradient in the microcirculation where the red blood cell (RBC) volume fraction (hematocrit) increases deeper in the cortex than at the surface. This gradient may constitute an autoregulatory function of the brain that was previously unknown, where the higher concentration of RBCs brings more oxygen to the deeper brain tissues than plasma alone. Moreover, a novel method for coupling the vascular structure to the extravascular tissue has been created that is able to resolve the 3D structure of the microvessels throughout the simulation domain of the tissue without sacrificing mathematical solvability. This new paradigm has allowed simulation of oxygen tension with spatial domains significantly larger than previously simulated throughout the cortical microcirculation. These advancements can be used to simulate the neurovascular unit at the scale of the entire mouse brain, removing modeling assumptions at artificial boundary edges (at the edge of the imaging window). Preliminary results in predicting reduced oxygen tension in the aged brain are also offered.
Aeroakustisches Betriebsverhalten von Kfz-Kühlerventilatoren
Creators: name: Zayani, Mohamed
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013
Subjects: Aeroakustik
Kühlerventilator
Geometrievariation
Spaltströmung
Geräuschvorhersagemodelle

description: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Maßnahmen zur Geräuschminderung am Kühlerventilator herauszuarbeiten und eine zuverlässige Voraussage des Gesamtgeräusches zu ermöglichen. Berichtet wird über den Einfluss wichtiger konstruktiver Parameter wie Schaufelform, Kopfspaltform und Schaufelteilung des Ventilatorrades. Die Einbausituation im Fahrzeug wird am Prüfstand simuliert und untersucht. Als Methoden werden numerische Simulation und Strömungsvisualisierungsverfahren eingesetzt.
Online Explorative Study on the Learning Uses of Virtual Reality Among Early Adopters
Creators: name: Sánchez, Roberto
name: Arigita García, Amaya
name: Barrientos, Amelia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Este artículo supone una doble aportación, puesto que cuenta con un artículo escrito de 20 páginas centrado especialmente en el protocolo y método seguido a la hora de hacer la exploración experimental a los primeros usuarios de visores de realidad virtual, y, por otro lado, incluye la grabación de un vídeoartículo de 8 minutos, realizado profesionalmente, para mostrar la investigación realizada de manera visual con ánimo divulgativo.
Characterization of oligodendrocyte lineage cell responses remote to the lesion site in a murine model of thoracic contusion spinal cord injury (SCI)
Creators: name: Moulson, Aaron Jack Taylor
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Traumatic injury to the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) commonly results in permanent functional impairment due to the inability of injured CNS neurons to mount an effective regenerative response. Injury to the spinal cord is associated with a range of sensory, motor, and autonomic deficits, the most severe of which is complete paralysis. At a histological level, injury induced pathophysiological processes have been thoroughly characterized for the tissue area immediately surrounding the lesion epicentre, however remote to the lesion these changes are less well described. Previous studies have demonstrated that various perturbations, including traumatic injury, demyelination, artificial neural stimulation, neurodegeneration, and social experience, among others, induce robust oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) responses, which function as endogenous precursors for myelinating oligodendrocytes. De novo myelination in the adult CNS has been implicated in motor learning, memory, and optimization of neural network function, thought to represent a potent form of neural plasticity. The demonstration of robust OPC proliferation and oligodendrogenesis in models of dorsal rhizotomy, axotomy, and axon degeneration, combined with the robust OPC responses characteristic of SCI lesion epicentres, lead us to hypothesize that contusion SCI would induce significant responses in resident OPC populations remote to the lesion site (specifically comprised of OPC proliferation, oligodendrogenesis, and new myelination). This may be functionally relevant to myelin plasticity on spared motor and sensory tracts remote to the lesion. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an in vivo study employing transgenic mouse lines (i.e. PDGFRα-CreERT:ROSA26-YFP and PDGFRα-CreERT:ROSA26-mGFP) that enabled the visualization and fate-mapping of OPCs and their progeny in the adult murine spinal cord following a moderate (70 Kdyne) T9-T10 thoracic contusion injury. Consistent with our predictions, we observed robust OPC proliferation and oligodendrogenesis remote to the lesion in both the cervical and lumbar spinal cord. Surprisingly, this did not manifest as increased new myelination, attributed (at least in part) to an observed maturation impairment of newly-formed oligodendrocytes.
Catalytic Reforming of Methane in the Presence of CO2 and H2O at High Pressure
Creators: name: Roussière, Thomas Luc
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013

description: CO2 can be used on large scale for the production of syngas with a H2/CO ratio of 1. Such a syngas can be produced by CO2 reforming of CH4. These reforming processes are conducted at low pressure, which is not suitable if the upstream and the downstream processes are operated at high pressures. This study consist of the development of active catalysts and a process concept for the valorization of CO2 in the reforming of CH4 under high pressure to achieve a CO-rich syngas with a H2/CO ratio of 1.
DIN 18009-2 – a new German standard on evacuation simulation
Creators: name: Seyfried, Armin
name: Kneidl
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2023

description: 11th International Conference on Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics, PED2023, Eindhoven, Netherlands, 28 Jun 2023 - 30 Jun 2023
description: After more than eight years of intensive standardisation work, the second part of the German DIN 18009 standard on "Simulation of evacuation and personal safety" was published in August 2022. The DIN 18009 series deals with fire protection engineering for Germany. The first part "Principles and application rules" was published in 2016, with further parts describing standards for smoke simulation and safety concepts to follow. DIN 18009-2 [1] standardises the performance-based approach for conducting evacuation simulations. It builds on earlier pre-standards such as the German RiMEA Guideline [2] as well as international standards such as ISO/TR 13387-4,16738BSI PD 7974-6 (British) or the CFPA-E Guideline No. 19. It is a milestone for the simulation community as it emphasises the growing importance of simulation models in the building design process and in fire safety. It places new requirements on existing models and evaluation procedures and gives modellers and authorities guidance on how to use simulation as a useful tool in their projects. The new standard provides a step-by-step approach to defining scenarios and performance criteria, selecting the simulation model, and documenting and analysing the results (see Figure 1). Various safety criteria, such as total evacuation time and congestion analysis, are introduced to evaluate and interpret the results. While the required evacuation time can be analysed by a simple comparison of ASET (Available Safe Egress Time) - RSET (Required Safe Egress Time), the standard gives engineers more leeway when analysing congestions: In the current version, no specifications are provided for the evaluation of congestions, since congestions are not inherently dangerous and even occurs in buildings that comply with building regulations. The standard makes it the user’s responsibility to assess the congestion in the context of the use case. To support the user, the standard provides several metrics, such as duration, location and size of congestion, delay time through congestion as well as congestion density. The paper gives an overview of the new standard and discusses the open issues that do not provide clear guidance to modelers in terms of congestion analysis. We also outline what knowledge is needed from a modelling perspective to be able to perform standard-compliant analyses in the future. Bibliography[1] DIN 18009-2:2022-08, Fire safety engineering - Part 2: Simulation of evacuation and personal safety [2] RiMEA “Guideline for Microscopic Evacuation Simulation”, V3.0, 2016
Simplicity and maximal commutative subalgebras of twisted generalized Weyl algebras
Creators: name: Hartwig, Jonas T.
name: Öinert, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we show that each non-zero ideal of a twisted generalized Weyl algebra (TGWA) $A$ intersects the centralizer of the distinguished subalgebra $R$ in $A$ non-trivially. We also provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the centralizer of $R$ in $A$ to be commutative, and give examples of TGWAs associated to symmetric Cartan matrices satisfying this condition. By imposing a certain finiteness condition on $R$ (weaker than Noetherianity) we are able to make an Ore localization which turns out to be useful when investigating simplicity of the TGWA. Under this mild assumption we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the simplicity of TGWAs. We describe how this is related to maximal commutativity of $R$ in $A$ and the (non-) existence of non-trivial $\Z^n$-invariant ideals of $R$. Our result is a generalization of the rank one case, obtained by D. A. Jordan in 1993. We illustrate our theorems by considering some special classes of TGWAs and providing concrete examples.
description: 32 pages, no figures, minor improvements of the presentation of the material
Quantum Simulation of Antiferromagnetic Spin Chains in an Optical Lattice
Creators: name: Simon, Jonathan
name: Bakr, Waseem S.
name: Ma, Ruichao
name: Tai, M. Eric
name: Preiss, Philipp M.
name: Greiner, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding exotic forms of magnetism in quantum mechanical systems is a central goal of modern condensed matter physics, with implications from high temperature superconductors to spintronic devices. Simulating magnetic materials in the vicinity of a quantum phase transition is computationally intractable on classical computers due to the extreme complexity arising from quantum entanglement between the constituent magnetic spins. Here we employ a degenerate Bose gas confined in an optical lattice to simulate a chain of interacting quantum Ising spins as they undergo a phase transition. Strong spin interactions are achieved through a site-occupation to pseudo-spin mapping. As we vary an applied field, quantum fluctuations drive a phase transition from a paramagnetic phase into an antiferromagnetic phase. In the paramagnetic phase the interaction between the spins is overwhelmed by the applied field which aligns the spins. In the antiferromagnetic phase the interaction dominates and produces staggered magnetic ordering. Magnetic domain formation is observed through both in-situ site-resolved imaging and noise correlation measurements. By demonstrating a route to quantum magnetism in an optical lattice, this work should facilitate further investigations of magnetic models using ultracold atoms, improving our understanding of real magnetic materials.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Vesicle Exocytosis and Endocytosis: TRPM7 and Sphingosine-1-phosphate
Creators: name: Zhongjiao Jiang
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Synaptic transmission is mediated by synaptic vesicle exocytosis and maintained by subsequent synaptic vesicle endocytosis, the functional integrity of synaptic vesicle exocytosis and endocytosis is thus critical to maintain normal neuronal functions. Notably, the importance of Ca2+ in synaptic vesicle exocytosis and endocytosis has been highlighted by decades of research with many detailed mechanisms still remaining to be elucidated. By applying patch clamp in chromaffin cells and calcium imaging in cortical neuron cultures, we identified that transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7), a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel, may function as a Ca2+ influx pathway for endocytosis. In addition, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive signaling lipid and its synthesis by SphK1 may modulate the channel function of TRPM7. By applying amperometry in chromaffin cells and live-cell imaging using pHluorin and synGCaMP6f in cortical neuron cultures, we discovered that S1P / SphK1 pathway is critical for presynaptic Ca2+ levels upon neuronal firing. Besides, our data also illustrated novel regulatory mechanisms of S1P in synaptic vesicle exocytosis: extracellular S1P regulates the rate of exocytosis by activating its membrane receptors and modulating properties of the readily releasable pool, while intracellular S1P controls the fusion pore kinetics.
The relative abundance of compact and normal massive early-type galaxies and its evolution from redshift z~2 to the present
Creators: name: Cassata, P.
name: Giavalisco, M.
name: Guo, Yicheng
name: Renzini, A.
name: Ferguson, H.
name: Koekemoer, A. M.
name: Salimbeni, S.
name: Scarlata, C.
name: Grogin, N. A.
name: Conselice, C. J.
name: Dahlen, T.
name: Lotz, J. M.
name: Dickinson, M.
name: Lin, Lihwai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the evolution of the number density and size of early-type galaxies from z~2 to z~0. We select a sample of 563 massive (M>10^{10} Msun), passively evolving (SSFR<10^{-2} Gyr^{-1}) and morphologically spheroidal galaxies at 01.2 and z<1.2, respectively). We measure a significant evolution of the mass-size relation of early-type galaxies, with the fractional increment that is almost independent on the stellar mass. Early-type galaxies (ETGs) formed at z>1 appear to be preferentially small, and the evolution of the mass-size relation at z<1 is driven by both the continuous size growth of the compact galaxies and the appearance of new ETGs with large sizes. We also find that the number density of all passive early-type galaxies increases rapidly, by a factor of 5, from z~2 to z~1, and then more mildly by another factor of 1.5 from z~1 to z~0. We interpret these results as the evidence that the bulk of the ETGs are formed at 1
description: accepted for publication in ApJ
Synthese catecholbasierter Linker zur Biofunktionalisierung von Titandioxid-Nanoteilchen
Creators: name: Geiseler, Bianca Jessica
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013

description: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Titandioxid-Nanopartikel hergestellt, die mit catecholbasierten Linkern modifiziert wurden. Ebenso konnten Bio-Nanohybride hergestellt werden. Zudem wurde die Fähigkeit der Radikalbildung untersucht. Dabei stellte sich heraus, dass kleine Nanopartikel reaktive Sauerstoffspezies produzieren. Die Modifikation mit Dopamin-Hydrochlorid führte dazu, dass die Produktion der reaktiven Sauerstoffspezies nahezu komplett unterdrückt werden konnte.
Nonlocal Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with wavefunction renormalization at finite temperature and chemical potential
Creators: name: Contrera, G. A.
name: Orsaria, M.
name: Scoccola, N. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter in the framework of a non-local SU(2) chiral quark model which includes wave function renormalization and coupling to the Polyakov loop. Both non-local interactions based on the frequently used exponential form factor, and on fits to the quark mass and renormalization functions obtained in lattice calculations are considered. Special attention is paid to the determination of the critical points, both in the chiral limit and at finite quark mass. In particular, we study the position of the Critical End Point as well as the value of the associated critical exponents for different model parameterizations.
description: v.2_August 2010, 26 pp, 8 fig
Injury risks and crashworthiness benefits for females and males: Which differences are physiological?
Creators: name: Brumbelow, Matthew L.
name: Jermakian, Jessica S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Previous research has found elevated injury risk for females relative to males in passenger vehicle crashes but has not accounted for ways the crashes themselves differ between these populations. Vehicle curb weight, ride height, safety rating, airbag deployment, and crash configuration all influence injury outcome and often are not well-represented by delta-V alone. This study evaluated the effect of occupant sex on injury risk in front and side crashes while limiting or controlling for non-physiological crash differences. Additionally, the effects of crashworthiness improvements are compared for females and males. NASS-CDS cases from 1998–2015 calendar years involving a belted driver in a front crash or a struck-side driver or right front passenger in a side crash were analyzed. Case vehicle model years were 1989–2016. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of MAIS ≥ 2 and MAIS ≥ 3 injury outcomes for females relative to males as well as the change in risk due to improved crashworthiness. Sex-based differences in occupant age, mass, and stature; crash test rating; delta-V; crash configuration; and vehicle-to-vehicle compatibility were considered either through case selection or the inclusion of additional regression covariates. Before controlling for crash and vehicle differences, female drivers in front crashes had higher estimated overall and body-region-specific risks of MAIS ≥ 2 and MAIS ≥ 3 injury, as consistent with previous findings. After accounting for such differences, all ratios of injury odds for females relative to males were reduced. Females remained at higher risk of MAIS ≥ 2 injury (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.42–3.51), especially extremity injury, but had similar odds for MAIS ≥ 3 non-extremity injury (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.56–1.7). While controlling for crash differences in side impacts, none of the estimated injury risk differences by sex were significant at the p ≤ 0.05 level. Estimated benefits of improved crashworthiness were similar or greater for females than for males for most injury outcomes. Female-specific crashworthiness improvements may be required to provide additional protection against AIS 2 extremity injury. Much of the remaining discrepancy in sex-based injury risk can be attributed differences between vehicles and crashes, not to physiological differences. Addressing these differences will require other types of countermeasures.
A New Mass Reconstruction Technique for Resonances Decaying to di-tau
Creators: name: Elagin, A.
name: Murat, P.
name: Pranko, A.
name: Safonov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate reconstruction of the mass of a resonance decaying to a pair of $τ$ leptons is challenging because of the presence of multiple neutrinos from $τ$ decays. The existing methods rely on either a partially reconstructed mass, which has a broad spectrum that reduces sensitivity, or the collinear approximation, which is applicable only to the relatively small fraction of events. We describe a new technique, which provides an accurate mass reconstruction of the original resonance and does not suffer from the limitations of the collinear approximation. The major improvement comes from replacing assumptions of the collinear approximation by a requirement that mutual orientations of the neutrinos and other decay products are consistent with the mass and decay kinematics of a $τ$ lepton. This is achieved by minimizing a likelihood function defined in the kinematically allowed phase space region. In this paper we describe the technique and illustrate its performance using $Z/γ^{*}\toττ$ and $H\toττ$ events simulated with the realistic detector resolution. The method is also tested on a clean sample of data $Z/γ^{*}\toττ$ events collected by the CDF experiment at the Tevatron. We expect that this new technique will allow for a major improvement in searches for the Higgs boson at both the LHC and the Tevatron.
description: added new section with CDF data results; submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Methods
Learning to drive: Parental attitudes toward introducing teen drivers to advanced driver assistance systems
Creators: name: Weast, Rebecca A.
name: Mueller, Alexandra S.
name: Kolodge, Kristin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have the potential to help mitigate the crash risk faced by new teen drivers. There has been little research on how these drivers use ADAS, as most only have access to these systems in their parents’ vehicles when learning to drive because teens tend to drive older, less expensive vehicles when driving independently. This study examined how parental attitudes toward ADAS influence how and when parents introduce their teens to these systems when teaching them to drive. Three web-based focus groups were conducted with parents who owned ADAS-equipped vehicles and who either had a teen with either a learner permit or a teen who recently began driving independently. The moderator-led discussion examined participant attitudes about teen driving risk, the perceived benefits or risks associated with teen use of ADAS, and parents’ teaching strategies for ADAS. Researchers generated a list of likely themes from a review of existing literature and then coded participant responses according to those themes. Parents who chose to introduce ADAS to their new teen drivers did so while also reporting conflicting opinions about the reliability of vehicle technologies and the impact of such systems on driving safety and skill acquisition. Many parents reported some distrust of ADAS and concerns that some features could hinder the development of good driving habits, although most participants stated that ADAS have had a positive impact on their teen drivers' safety. Opinions were split about the best point at which to introduce ADAS to teens, with half preferring introduction at the outset and half preferring to wait until the teen had mastered basic driving skills. Attitudes varied according to individual vehicle systems, with a preference for blind spot monitoring and a general dislike of lane-keeping assistance. Specific concerns about the potential impact of ADAS on teen driving safety and skill acquisition do not prevent parents from using such systems, although the teaching strategies parents use vary according to their preferences for individual systems.
Toward Bound-State Approach to Strangeness in Holographic QCD
Creators: name: Ishii, Takaaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An approach to realize a hyperon as a bound-state of a two-flavor baryon and a kaon is considered in the context of the Sakai-Sugimoto model of holographic QCD, which approach has been known in the Skyrme model as the bound-state approach to strangeness. As a simple case of study, pseudo-scalar kaon is considered as fluctuation around a baryon. In this case, strongly-bound hyperon-states are absent, different from the case of the Skyrme model. Observed is a weak bound-state which would correspond to Λ(1405).
description: 13 pages, 2 figures, v2: references added
Data Literacy in NFDI. Capturing Status Quo and Requirements of Data Literacy Education.
Creators: name: Day, Sarah
name: Lehmann, Anne
name: Wössner, Elena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Data Literacy
NFDI
Research Data Management
Teaching Materials
Cluster of needs

description: A fundamental challenge for scientists is the correct handling of rapidly growing amounts of data. According to Ridsdale and colleagues [1], the ability to collect, manage, evaluate, and apply data in an adaptive and critical way can be described as data literacy. Thus, the fostering of data literacy is becoming a critical success factor for scientists - and also for the development of a National Research Data Infrastructure.
The offers and demands of data literacy trainings for scientists are very diverse and sometimes confusing. The project Data Literacy in NFDI, which is funded for two years by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), is affiliated with the office of the National Research Data Infrastructure Association. It aims to support the comprehensive and lasting development of data literacy for scientists through the targeted collaboration with various agents. By means of online surveys, expert interviews and workshops, a target group analysis is conducted and a structured comparison of existing and needed data literacy educational resources is created. On this basis, concepts will be developed to promote data literacy in a needs-based manner. Data literacy and the knowledge of it is a precondition for good research data management and the creation of FAIR data.
The poster shows the first results collected during the project to October 2023.
 
[1] C. Ridsdale, J. Rothwell, M. Smit, H. Ali-Hassan, M. Bliemel, D. Irvine et al.: Strategies and Best Practices for Data Literacy Education: Knowledge Synthesis Report. 2015, doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.1922.5044
Suppressing Electroweak Precision Observables in 5D Warped Models
Creators: name: Cabrer, Joan A.
name: von Gersdorff, Gero
name: Quiros, Mariano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We elaborate on a recently proposed mechanism to suppress large contributions to the electroweak precision observables in five dimensional (5D) warped models, without the need for an extended 5D gauge sector. The main ingredient is a modification of the AdS metric in the vicinity of the infrared (IR) brane corresponding to a strong deviation from conformality in the IR of the 4D holographic dual. We compute the general low energy effective theory of the 5D warped Standard Model, emphasizing additional IR contributions to the wave function renormalization of the light Higgs mode. We also derive expressions for the S and T parameters as a function of a generic 5D metric and zero-mode wave functions. We give an approximate formula for the mass of the radion that works even for strong deviation from the AdS background. We proceed to work out the details of an explicit model and derive bounds for the first KK masses of the various bulk fields. The radion is the lightest new particle although its mass is already at about 1/3 of the mass of the lightest resonances, the KK states of the gauge bosons. We examine carefully various issues that can arise for extreme choices of parameters such as the possible reintroduction of the hierarchy problem, the onset of nonperturbative physics due to strong IR curvature or the creation of new hierarchies near the Planck scale. We conclude that a KK scale of 1 TeV is compatible with all these constraints.
description: 44 pages, 11 figures, references added
Tribological Materials on Titanium Alloy (Ti6Al4V) for Orthopedic Applications
Creators: name: Cheng, Kai-Yuan
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Total hip replacement (THR) surgeries have been common in United States and the safety of implants is one of focuses in research. Metal-on-metal (MoM) design was once the most used in THR but its degradation products can cause several adverse reactions to patients, leading to several recalls of commercial products. Inspired from “tribolayer” (Dr. Wimmer et al., 2000), carbide-derived carbon (CDC) is proposed to be a potential modification on MoM to relieve the tribocorrosive effect. The CDC cannot be directly applied on a metallic substrate, on which there must be a carbide precursor first. Thus, the carburization process for the metal substrate is also necessary to be developed in the current study. The main objectives can simply differentiate into three parts: synthesis and characterization, corrosion and tribocorrosion testing and biocompatibility examination. During the development of carburization on titanium alloy, another material, titanium oxycarbide with graphene in structure, was found, which might be another candidate to reduce the tribocorrosion damage on MoM. Therefore, oxycarbide and the CDC were compared for their corrosion and tribocorrosion properties with the control group, untreated Ti6Al4V alloy. Even though ordinary corrosion resistance did not increase due to the treatments, both groups exhibited better tribocorrosion resistance than the control group. Especially, the CDC presented the lowest OCP potential drops, the least induced currents, the lowest friction coefficient and the lowest material loss. Even 100,000 cycle experiments did not entirely wear off CDC’s protection, as verified with Raman spectroscopy. Finally, both materials were examined for their cytotoxicity with the cell proliferation and direct observation by confocal images, demonstrating that they remained biocompatible after treatments. Moreover, confocal images of oxycarbide specimens seemed to show osteoblast-like cells functioning on the surface. With the further examinations, data from mineralization and gene expression clearly indicated the oxycarbide improve the osseointegration on Ti6Al4V alloy. In summary, the two proposed materials showed no cytotoxicity after the treatments. The CDC increased the tribocorrosion resistance and oxycarbide enhanced the osseointegration on titanium substrate. Although both materials might provide beneficial modifications to the current implants, more research is still necessary to fully characterize their potential.
Exploring Interatomic Coulombic Decay by Free Electron Lasers
Creators: name: Demekhin, Philipp V.
name: Stoychev, Spas D.
name: Kuleff, Alexander I.
name: Cederbaum, Lorenz S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To exploit the high intensity of laser radiation, we propose to select frequencies at which single-photon absorption is of too low energy and two or more photons are needed to produce states of an atom that can undergo interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) with its neighbors. For Ne dimer it is explicitly demonstrated that the proposed scheme to investigate interatomic processes by multiphoton absorption is much more efficient than with single-photon absorption of sufficiently large frequency as used until now. Extensive calculations on Ne dimer including all the involved nuclear dynamics and the losses by ionization of the participating states show how the low-energy ICD electrons and Ne$^+$ pairs are produced for different laser intensities and pulse durations. At higher intensities the production of Ne$^+$ pairs by successive ionization of the two atoms becomes competitive and the respective emitted electrons interfere coherently with the ICD electrons. It is also demonstrated that a measurement after a time delay can be used to determine the contribution of ICD even at high laser intensity.
description: 5 figures, Supplemental material file
Zum Stofftransport schwer flüchtiger Additive in Polymerbeschichtungen - Untersuchungen mit Hilfe der konvokalen Mikro-Raman-Spektroskopie
Creators: name: Müller, Max
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012
Subjects: dünne Polymerbeschichtungen
Diffusion schwer flüchtiger Additive

description: Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit war es, den Einfluss von schwer flüchtigen Additiven auf die Mobilität von Lösemitteln zu quantifizieren sowie die Mobilität der Additive in Polymersystemen zu bestimmen. Ausgangspunkt hierfür war die Hypothese, dass sich Fick'sche Diffusionskoeffizienten einzelner Spezies in Polymersystemen durch Anpassung von Simulationsrechnungen an gemessene Beladunsprofile zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten eines Konzentrationsausgleichsprozesses bestimmen lassen.