cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
FQPA IMPLEMENTATION TO REDUCE PESTICIDE RESIDUE RISKS: PART I: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCER CONCERNS
Creators: name: Batie, Sandra S.
name: Swinton, Scott M.
name: Schulz, Mary A.
name: Batie, Sandra S.
name: Swinton, Scott M.
name: Schulz, Mary A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 (FQPA) transforms the regulation of pesticide residues on food in the United States. Three changes are prominent. First, under the FQPA, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is authorized to develop uniform pesticide residue tolerances for both fresh and processed foods. These tolerances must be based on a conservative standard appropriate for infants and children, rather than the adult-based tolerances that prevailed previously for fresh-market produce. Second, under the FQPA, pesticide registration will be based upon aggregate risk to the most susceptible consumers from all pesticides sharing a common biochemical mode of action in humans. Third, the FQPA expands the scope of health effects included in risk assessment decisions to include potential endocrine and reproductive effects of pesticidal chemicals. As the EPA has moved to develop implementation guidelines for the FQPA, agricultural producers and input suppliers have become concerned about its impact on them. Even if the FQPA's implementation results only in a restriction of the pesticides used on some crops, producers still have four major concerns: (1) the potential loss of farm profitability, especially for farms specializing in fruit and vegetable production; (2) unfair competition if foreign competitors can use pesticides forbidden to domestic producers; (3) the impact of the FQPA on consumer purchases, (i.e., if reduced pesticide use results in more blemishes or lower quality product, will consumers refuse to purchase the product?); and (4) excessive reliance on a few remaining pest control weapons, possibly resulting in accelerated pest resistance. Because these uncertainties potentially impact producers' livelihoods, many argue for a go-slow, long transition for any major changes in the way they farm or the pest control products they use. Competing with these agricultural concerns, however, are a parallel set of concerns, expressed by consumer and environmental groups, that the FQPA's promise to protect infants and children from pesticide risks will be sabotaged by lax or ineffective implementation. There are many uncertainties with respect to the impacts related to alternative FQPA implementation strategies. Research to resolve these concerns is fragmentary and frequently inconclusive. The common element that emerges from this review of producer concerns is: Impacts on producers will depend on how the FQPA is implemented.
Dynamical descalarization in binary black hole mergers
Creators: name: Silva, Hector O.
name: Witek, Helvi
name: Elley, Matthew
name: Yunes, Nicolás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scalar fields coupled to the Gauss-Bonnet invariant can undergo a tachyonic instability, leading to spontaneous scalarization of black holes. Studies of this effect have so far been restricted to single black hole spacetimes. We present the first results on dynamical scalarization in head-on collisions and quasicircular inspirals of black hole binaries with numerical relativity simulations. We show that black hole binaries can either form a scalarized remnant or dynamically descalarize by shedding off its initial scalar hair. The observational implications of these findings are discussed.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures. (v2) new references added; (v3) matches published version. For movies of the simulations see https://bhscalarization.bitbucket.io
Additional file 1 of Upregulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 by particulate matter and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a potential role in severe COVID-19
Creators: name: Hsin-Hsien Li
name: Liu, Chen-Chi
name: Tien-Wei Hsu
name: Jiun-Han Lin
name: Jyuan-Wei Hsu
name: Li, Anna Fen-Yau
name: Yeh, Yi-Chen
name: Hung, Shih-Chieh
name: Han-Shui Hsu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in normal lung tissue. (A) Immunohistochemistry for ACE2 and TMPRSS2 was performed in normal human lung tissue. Positive staining for ACE2 is clearly observed on alveolar cells in normal lung tissues. Weak positive staining for TMPRSS2 is observed on alveolar cells. For negative control samples, the primary antibody was omitted. 20X magnification, scale bar: 50 μm. (B, C) Double immunofluorescence was performed in continuous lung tissue sections from normal patients. Representative images show the colocalizationof (B) ACE2 or (C) TMPRSS2 with surfactant protein C (SP-C) as the marker of type II alveolar cells. The rectangle frames are magnified on the right upper corners. 40X magnification, scale bar: 50 μm. ACE2: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; TMPRSS2: transmembrane serine protease 2; SP-C: surfactant protein C. Figure S2. Expression of fibrosis in IPF lung tissue. The fibrosis areas in the lung tissues of IPF patients were stained with Masson’s trichrome, PicroSirius Red and Elastin staining. Almost all of these stains show the same fibrotic areas. 20X magnification, scale bar: 50μm. Figure S3. Expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in FSP-1 positive murine pulmonary fibrosis areas. The mice treated with bleomycin plus PM were sacrificed and the lung tissue sections were subjected to double immunofluorescence. Representative images show the colocalizationof (A) ACE2 or (B) TMPRSS2 with fibroblast marker, FSP-1. (C) Representative immunofluorescence staining for TMPRSS2 (red) and ACE2 (green) show colocalizationin the same cells. The rectangle frames are magnified on the right upper corners. 40X magnification, scale bar: 50 μm. ACE2: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; TMPRSS2: transmembrane serine protease 2; FSP-1: fibroblast-specific protein 1; PM: particulate matter.
Pseudogap induced by short-range spin correlations in a doped Mott insulator
Creators: name: Kyung, B.
name: Kancharla, S. S.
name: Sénéchal, D.
name: Tremblay, A. -M. S.
name: Civelli, M.
name: Kotliar, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of a Mott-Hubbard insulator into a correlated metal upon doping in the two-dimensional Hubbard model using the Cellular Dynamical Mean Field Theory. Short-range spin correlations create two additional bands apart from the familiar Hubbard bands in the spectral function. Even a tiny doping into this insulator causes a jump of the Fermi energy to one of these additional bands and an immediate momentum dependent suppression of the spectral weight at this Fermi energy. The pseudogap is closely tied to the existence of these bands. This suggests a strong-coupling mechanism that arises from short-range spin correlations and large scattering rates for the pseudogap phenomenon seen in several cuprates.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
The miR-26a-5p/IL-6 axis alleviates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting renal inflammation
Creators: name: Chen, Yanhong
name: Zhou, Xu
name: Wu, Yanhong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and life-threatening complication in hospitalized and critically ill patients and has unacceptable morbidity and mortality rates. However, effective approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of septic AKI are still lacking. Here, we demonstrated significant increases in the miR-26a-5p levels in renal tubular cells of LPS-induced septic AKI models both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, we provided evidence of the involvement of NF-κB in miR-26a-5p induction. LPS treatment of renal tubular cells led to the activation of NF-κB, and inhibition of NF-κB by TPCA-1 prevented the induction of miR-26a-5p. These results indicated that NF-κB was a key upstream factor for the induction of miR-26a-5p in septic AKI. Anti-miR-26a-5p enhanced the expression of IL-6 at both the protein and mRNA levels following LPS treatment. Furthermore, our luciferase microRNA target reporter assay verified that IL-6 is a direct target of miR-26a-5p. Blocking miR-26a-5p promoted renal inflammation and worsened kidney injury. Thus, our study indicated that the miR-26a-5p/IL-6 axis can alleviate sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting renal inflammation. This mechanism may represent a therapeutic target for septic AKI.
Search for the anomalous $WWγ$ couplings through the process $e^-e^+\,\rightarrow\,ν_e\barν_eγ$ at ILC with unpolarized and polarize beams
Creators: name: Spor, S.
name: Köksal, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the anomalous $W^+W^-γ$ couplings through the process $e^-e^+\,\rightarrow\,ν_e\barν_eγ$ for unpolarized and polarized electron (positron) beams at the International Linear Collider. We give the 95$\%$ Confidence Level limits on the anomalous couplings with and without the systematic uncertainties for various values of center-of-mass energies and the integrated luminosities. We show that the obtained limits on the anomalous couplings through the process $e^-e^+\,\rightarrow\,ν_e\barν_eγ$ can highly improve the current experimental limits.
description: 28 pages, 9 figures, 7 tables
Correspondence of the eigenvalues of a non-self-adjoint operator to those of a self-adjoint operator
Creators: name: Weir, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34Lxx; 76Rxx; 34B24

description: We prove that the eigenvalues of a certain highly non-self-adjoint operator that arises in fluid mechanics correspond, up to scaling by a positive constant, to those of a self-adjoint operator with compact resolvent; hence there are infinitely many real eigenvalues which accumulate only at $\pm \infty$. We use this result to determine the asymptotic distribution of the eigenvalues and to compute some of the eigenvalues numerically. We compare these to earlier calculations by other authors.
description: 29 pages, corrections to section 3, added section 5
2004 Business Analysis Summary Feeder Steers
Creators: name: Black, J. Roy
name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Black, J. Roy
name: Wittenberg, Eric
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: This report summarizes the financial and production records of 8 Michigan feeder steer farms. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from feeder steer sales. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm project and the Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. Farm records were included if a farm financial summary was completed on 2004 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses. The data were checked to verify that cash discrepancy was less than 10% of gross cash inflow and that debt discrepancy was less than $1,000. While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported in the summary tables below.
Criticality in Cell Adhesion
Creators: name: Blom, Kristian
name: Godec, Aljaž
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We illuminate the many-body effects underlying the structure, formation, and dissolution of cellular adhesion domains in the presence and absence of forces. We consider mixed Glauber-Kawasaki dynamics of a two-dimensional model of nearest-neighbor interacting adhesion bonds with intrinsic binding-affinity under the action of a shared pulling or pushing force. We consider adhesion bonds that are immobile due to being anchored to the underlying cytoskeleton as well as adhesion molecules that are transiently diffusing. Highly accurate analytical results are obtained on the pair-correlation level of the Bethe-Guggenheim approximation for the complete thermodynamics and kinetics of adhesion clusters of any size, including the thermodynamic limit. A new kind of dynamical phase transition is uncovered -- the mean formation and dissolution times per adhesion bond change discontinuously with respect to the bond-coupling parameter. At the respective critical points cluster formation and dissolution are fastest, while the statistically dominant transition path undergoes a qualitative change -- the entropic barrier to complete binding/unbinding is rate-limiting below, and the phase transition between dense and dilute phases above the dynamical critical point. In the context of the Ising model the dynamical phase transition reflects a first-order discontinuity in the magnetization-reversal time. Our results provide a potential explanation for the mechanical regulation of cell adhesion, and suggest that the quasi-static and kinetic response to changes in the membrane stiffness or applied forces is largest near the statical and dynamical critical point, respectively.
description: Version accepted for publication in Physical Review X
Glass-like two-level systems in minimally disordered mixed crystals
Creators: name: Wrubel, J. P.
name: Hubbard, B. E.
name: Agladze, N. I.
name: Sievers, A. J.
name: Fedorov, P. P.
name: Klimenchenko, D. I.
name: Ryskin, A. I.
name: Campbell, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: THz spectroscopy is used to identify a broad distribution of two-level systems, characteristic of glasses, in the substitutional monatomic mixed crystal systems, Ba_{1-x}Ca_xF_2 and Pb_{1-x}Ca_xF_2. In these minimally disordered systems, two-level behavior begins at a specific CaF_2 concentration. The concentration dependence, successfully modeled using the statistics of the impurity distribution in the lattice, points to a collective dopant tunneling mechanism.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett v.2: fixed typo in authors list, no text changes
A scattering amplitudes approach to hard thermal loops
Creators: name: de la Cruz, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by recent progress on classical limits of scattering amplitudes, we show that hard thermal loops can be obtained from classical limits of off-shell currents. The classicality of hard thermal loops is made manifest by associating classical wavenumbers to soft particles. We compute the classical limit of these currents in QED, QCD and gravity. Our proposal does not involve the introduction of ghosts.
description: 13 pages plus references, 3 Figures, v2: references added and minor typos corrected, v3: clarifications and references added, version to be published
THE VERTICAL COORDINATION CONTINUUM AND THE DETERMINANTS OF FIRM-LEVEL COORDINATION STRATEGY
Creators: name: Peterson, H. Christopher
name: Wysocki, Allen F.
name: Peterson, H. Christopher
name: Wysocki, Allen F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Industrial Organization

description: A number of past authors have argued that vertical coordination strategies lie along a continuum running from spot markets to vertical integration. However, the strategies that make up the middle of this continuum have remained ill defined and the sense in which the continuum is truly a continuum has not been made specific. This paper attempts to define the continuum and its "middle" strategies in such a manner that the continuum is truly a continuum has not been made specific. This paper attempts to define the continuum and its "middle" strategies in such a manner that the continuum becomes a useful means by which firm-level decision makers could examine their options for vertical coordination strategy.
A nomogram predicts cardiovascular events in patients with peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis
Creators: name: Huang, Dan-dan
name: Li, Yuan-yuan
name: Qi, Xiang-ming
name: Wu, Yong-gui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: To predict the risk factors for cardiovascular events within 5 years in patients with peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis and establish a nomogram for clinical prediction. A prediction model was established by conducting an observational study in 150 patients with peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis obtained from the Information Database of AnHui Medical University Affiliated Hospital. The nomogram was constructed using the multivariate COX regression model. The C-index and the calibration plot were used to assess the discrimination and calibration of the prediction model. The elderly [HR = 2.453 (1.071–5.619)], history of cardiovascular events [HR = 2.296 (1.220–4.321)], alkaline phosphatase [HR = 1.004 (1.002–1.005)] and culture-positive [HR= 2.173 (1.009–4.682)] were identified as risk predictors of cardiovascular events, while serum albumin [HR = 0.396(0.170–0.924)] was identified as protective predictors of cardiovascular events. Combined with clinical studies, we constructed a nomogram based on the minimum value of the Akaike Information Criterion or Bayesian Information Criterion. The C index of the nomogram is 0.732, revealing great discrimination and appropriate calibration. Through the total score of the nomogram and the result of ROC, we classify patients into high-risk groups (cardiovascular events group) and low-risk groups (no cardiovascular events group). Cardiovascular events were significantly different for patients in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group (HR = 3.862(2.202–6.772; p < 0.001). The current novel nomogram can accurately predict cardiovascular events in patients with peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis. However, external validation is required before the model can be used in clinic settings.
Supermarkets and Rural Livelihoods: A Research Method
Creators: name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Berdegue, Julio A.
name: Lundy, Mark
name: Schutz, Paul
name: Balsevich, Fernando
name: Hernandez, Ricardo
name: Perez, Edwin
name: Jano, Pilar
name: Wang, Honglin
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Berdegue, Julio A.
name: Lundy, Mark
name: Schutz, Paul
name: Balsevich, Fernando
name: Hernandez, Ricardo
name: Perez, Edwin
name: Jano, Pilar
name: Wang, Honglin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This document presents a research method to analyze the access of small and medium farmers to the supermarket market, and the effect of such access on the producers' decisions and net incomes. The method was developed for and used in a study carried out in 2004 in three Central American countries.
A Survey on Neural Network Interpretability
Creators: name: Zhang, Yu
name: Tiňo, Peter
name: Leonardis, Aleš
name: Tang, Ke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Along with the great success of deep neural networks, there is also growing concern about their black-box nature. The interpretability issue affects people's trust on deep learning systems. It is also related to many ethical problems, e.g., algorithmic discrimination. Moreover, interpretability is a desired property for deep networks to become powerful tools in other research fields, e.g., drug discovery and genomics. In this survey, we conduct a comprehensive review of the neural network interpretability research. We first clarify the definition of interpretability as it has been used in many different contexts. Then we elaborate on the importance of interpretability and propose a novel taxonomy organized along three dimensions: type of engagement (passive vs. active interpretation approaches), the type of explanation, and the focus (from local to global interpretability). This taxonomy provides a meaningful 3D view of distribution of papers from the relevant literature as two of the dimensions are not simply categorical but allow ordinal subcategories. Finally, we summarize the existing interpretability evaluation methods and suggest possible research directions inspired by our new taxonomy.
description: This work has been accepted by IEEE-TETCI
From Sasaki-Einstein spaces to quivers via BPS geodesics: Lpqr
Creators: name: Benvenuti, Sergio
name: Kruczenski, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The AdS/CFT correspondence between Sasaki-Einstein spaces and quiver gauge theories is studied from the perspective of massless BPS geodesics. The recently constructed toric Lpqr geometries are considered: we determine the dual superconformal quivers and the spectrum of BPS mesons. The conformal anomaly is compared with the volumes of the manifolds. The U(1)^2_F x U(1)_R global symmetry quantum numbers of the mesonic operators are successfully matched with the conserved momenta of the geodesics, providing a test of AdS/CFT duality. The correspondence between BPS mesons and geodesics allows to find new precise relations between the two sides of the duality. In particular the parameters that characterize the geometry are mapped directly to the parameters used for a-maximization in the field theory. The analysis simplifies for the special case of the Lpqq models, which are shown to correspond to the known "generalized conifolds". These geometries can break conformal invariance through toric deformations of the complex structure.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures, LaTeX. v2: One more figure. References added, typos corrected
Interaction of hemoglobin, transfusion, and acute kidney injury in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass: a group-based trajectory analysis
Creators: name: Cao, Lingyong
name: Ru, Weizhe
name: Hu, Caibao
name: Shen, Yanfei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Anemia is a risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Whether red blood cell (RBC) transfusion-enhanced hemoglobin levels contribute to low AKI rates remains unclear. We investigated the interaction between hemoglobin, RBC transfusion, and AKI after CPB. Hemoglobin trajectories within 72 h were analyzed using group-based trajectory analysis. Multivariable logistic analysis and inverse probability-weighted regression were adopted to evaluate the associations between hemoglobin and AKI in RBC and non-RBC transfusion subgroups. We analyzed 6226 patients’ data. In the transfusion subgroup, three hemoglobin trajectories were identified. The AKI incidence was lowest in the trajectory with the lowest hemoglobin level (trajectory 1, less transfusion), and it was comparable in trajectories 2 and 3 (20.7% vs. 32.7% vs. 29.4%, p < 0.001, respectively). In four logistic models, the odds ratio for AKI with trajectory 1 as the reference ranged from 1.44 to 1.85 for trajectory 2 (p < 0.001) and 1.45 to 1.66 for trajectory 3 (p < 0.050). The average treatment effect on AKI was 5.6% (p = 0.009) for trajectory 2 and 7.5% (p = 0.041) for trajectory 3, with trajectory 1 as the reference. In the non-RBC transfusion subgroup, three approximately linear hemoglobin trajectories (9, 10, and 12 g/dL) were observed; however, both the crude and adjusted AKI incidence were similar within the three trajectories. In patients undergoing CPB, hemoglobin level >9 g/dL was not associated with decreased AKI incidence in the subgroup without RBC transfusion. However, in patients with RBC transfusion, maintaining hemoglobin level >9 g/dL by RBC transfusion was associated with increased AKI incidence.
IMMOVABLE PROPERTY MARKETS IN METROPOLITAN TIRANA, ALBANIA
Creators: name: Stanfield, J. David
name: Childress, Malcolm
name: Dervishi, Artan
name: Stanfield, J. David
name: Childress, Malcolm
name: Dervishi, Artan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Real property--Prices--Albania--Tirana
subject: Land use, Urban--Albania--Tirana
subject: Land titles--Registration and transfer--Albania--Tirana
subject: Real estate development--Albania--Tirana
subject: Land markets--Albania--Tirana
subject: Land tenure, Urban--Albania--Tirana

description: This paper uses information from three empirical studies to describe, after seven years of privatization and real estate market transactions, how the physical space of the city of Tirana is presently organized, and how active real estate markets have been. The first empirical study, fielded in December 1997 (completed in January 1998), was based on an "area sample" of the city of Tirana. One-hectare grid squares were overlaid on the city's 3,060 hectares within the municipal boundary, and a random sample was taken of these grids. Eighteen grid squares within the ring roads (an area of 340 hectares) and 14 grid squares between the ring roads and the outer municipal boundary (an area of 2,720 hectares) were randomly selected. Within the selected grid squares of 1 hectare each, research teams visited each property and questioned the holders about its use, who owned it, when it was constructed, and other characteristics of the property. The sample values obtained from the questionnaires were then "expanded" by the sampling ratio to describe the physical space of Tirana within the city's municipal boundaries. The second study of the transactions recorded in the Hipoteka Office of Tirana was done in early 1998. All documents from 1993 through 1997 were classified according to type of property involved, and the number of transactions were tabulated. The third study of real estate prices from 1993 to 1997 was done based on the data of one real estate agency in February 1998. This database represents approximately 70 percent of all offerings of real estate for sale done through real estate agencies in Tirana.
Global well-posedness and long-time behavior of the fractional NLS
Creators: name: Sy, Mouhamadou
name: Yu, Xueying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, our discussion mainly focuses on equations with energy supercritical nonlinearities. We establish probabilistic global well-posedness (GWP) results for the cubic Schrödinger equation with any fractional power of the Laplacian in all dimensions. We consider both low and high regularities in the radial setting, in dimension $\geq 2$. In the high regularity result, an {\it Inviscid - Infinite dimensional (IID) limit} is employed while in the low regularity global well-posedness result, we make use of the Skorokhod representation theorem. The IID limit is presented in details as an independent approach that applies to a wide range of Hamiltonian PDEs. Moreover we discuss the adaptation to the periodic settings, in any dimension, for smooth regularities.
description: 39 pages
LOCATING THE COMMUNITY: ADMINISTRATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN MOZAMBIQUE
Creators: name: Kloeck-Jenson, Scott
name: Kloeck-Jenson, Scott
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Natural resources -- Government policy -- Mozambique
subject: Natural resources -- Mozambique -- Management -- Citizen participation
subject: Forest management -- Mozambique -- Citizen participation
subject: Decentralization in government -- Mozambique.

description: This paper does not presume to offer definitive answers to complex questions raised around the new emphasis on "local communities" in Mozambique. Such answers vary and depend upon the sociopolitical histories of each community. Instead, the paper briefly explores the concept of local community in the lexicon of Mozambican law as well as NGO and donor discourse. This paper argues that a simplified representation of local communities as harmonious and homogeneous units served a useful purpose in the era of postwar reconciliation and reconstruction. Now that local communities have begun a process of empowerment, however, these idealized representations must be broadened to more accurately define and address the issues of community territoriality and community representation. This must be done in such a way so as not to promote political polarization nor exacerbate social inequalities predicated on gender, lineage or other biological characteristics.
Associations of left renal vein entrapment with IgA nephropathy and Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis
Creators: name: Wang, Fengmei
name: Zhu, Huizi
name: Bao, Shougang
name: Qi, Hengtao
name: Xu, Liang
name: Liu, Xiang
name: Zhai, Chunjuan
name: Yang, Xiaowei
name: Wang, Rong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Virology

description: The aims of the study were to identify whether left renal vein (LRV) entrapment was more prevalent in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) compared with other types of renal diseases, and the association of LRV entrapment with glomerular incidental IgA and galactose-deficient-IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) deposition. A total of 797 patients with biopsy-proven kidney diseases have been screened for LRV entrapment by color Doppler ultrasound, and the prevalence of LRV entrapment in different types of renal diseases were then analyzed. Propensity score matching analysis was used to adjust for age, gender, and body mass index. Immunostaining of Gd-IgA1 with KM55 was performed in paraffin-embedded sections of renal biopsy specimens. LRV entrapment was diagnosed in 47 patients (6%) with several kinds of renal diseases in our cohort. A total of 32 (68%) LRV entrapments were combined with expanded IgAN (idiopathic IgAN and HSPN). The prevalence of LRV entrapment in expanded IgAN was significantly higher than that in non-expanded IgAN (17 vs. 2%, p < 0.001), even after adjustment for age, gender, and body mass index by propensity score matching analysis (13 vs. 2%, p < 0.001). Removing expanded IgAN and LN, glomerular incidental IgA deposition was observed to be significantly more common in patients with LRV entrapment compared with patients without it (43 vs. 9%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, in glomerular diseases with incidental IgA deposits, significantly much larger proportion of patients with LRV entrapment were positive for glomerular Gd-IgA1 in contrast to patients without LRV entrapment (5/5 vs. 5/17, p = 0.01). LRV entrapment coexisted with several kinds of renal diseases, with a significantly higher prevalence in patients with idiopathic IgAN and HSPN. In patients of LN and IgAN-unrelated disease with LRV entrapment, glomerular IgA and Gd-IgA1 deposition was more common compared with patients without LRV entrapment.
An origin for short g-ray bursts unassociated with current star formation
Creators: name: Barthelmy, S. D.
name: Chincarini, G.
name: Burrows, D. N.
name: Gehrels, N.
name: Covino, S.
name: Moretti, A.
name: Romano, P.
name: O'Brien, P. T.
name: Sarazin, C. L.
name: Kouveliotou, C.
name: Goad, M.
name: Vaughan, S.
name: Tagliaferri, G.
name: Zhang, B.
name: Antonelli, L. A.
name: Campana, S.
name: Cummings, J. R.
name: D'Avanzo, P.
name: Davies, M. B.
name: Giommi, P.
name: Grupe, D.
name: Kaneko, Y.
name: Kennea, J. A.
name: King, A.
name: Kobayashi, S.
name: Melandri, A.
name: Meszaros, P.
name: Nousek, J. A.
name: Patel, S.
name: Sakamoto, T.
name: Wijers, R. A. M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two short (<2 s) g-ray bursts (GRBs) have recently been localized and fading afterglow counterparts detected. The combination of these two results left unclear the nature of the host galaxies of the bursts, because one was a star-forming dwarf, while the other was probably an elliptical galaxy. Here we report the X-ray localization of a short burst (GRB 050724) with unusual g-ray and X-ray properties. The X-ray afterglow lies off the centre of an elliptical galaxy at a redshift of z=0.258, coincident with the position determined by ground-based optical and radio observations. The low level of star formation typical for elliptical galaxies makes it unlikely that the burst originated n a supernova explosion. A supernova origin was also ruled out for GRB 050709, even though that burst took place in a galaxy with current star formation. The isotropic energy for the short bursts is 2-3 orders of magnitude lower han that for the long bursts. Our results therefore suggest that an alternative source of bursts -- the of binary systems of neutron stars or a neutron star-black hole pair -- are the progenitors of short bursts.
description: 11 pages of taxt plus figures (all in 1 file). Nature Letters (accepted; publish Dec 19, 2005)
Institut für Gesellschaftspolitik and der Hochschule für Philosophie München (Hrsg.), Rassismus und Widerstand
Creators: name: Motel, Hans-Beat
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 22 Nr. 1 (1973): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 22, Heft 1
PROPOSAL TO STUDY ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF REDUCING SOIL EROSION IN ALBANIA
Creators: name: Bockheim, James G.
name: Bockheim, James G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Soil conservation--Environmental aspects--Albania
subject: Soil conservation--Economic aspects--Albania

description: Soil erosion and associated nonpoint pollution are critical problems affecting the economic welfare, food security, and public health of Albania. Nearly 60 million tons of sediment are deposited by Albanian rivers into the Adriatic Sea each year. This translates into a national average soil erosion rate of 27.2 tons per hectare per year, which is more than twice the level of "tolerable" erosion established by many countries. This also means that an average of 2.3 mm of valuable topsoil are lost to the ocean each year. Accompanying the topsoil are agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers as well as industrial pollutants, which are transported to reservoirs, rivers, lakes, and the ocean, thereby causing a degradation in water quality. The objectives of the proposed study include: to quantify the magnitude of soil erosion and its effects on water quality at three levels of intensity: site-specific, watershed, and the nation as a whole; to identify high-risk areas for immediate soil erosion control using a geographic information system; to create a public awareness program that uses soil erosion control as an example of land protection in Albania; to monitor the effectiveness of soil erosion control on discharge of sediments into the Adriatic Sea using remote sensing; and to determine the economic benefits of soil erosion control.
Properties of a future susy universe
Creators: name: Clavelli, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the string landscape picture, the effective potential is characterized by an enormous number of local minima of which only a minuscule fraction are suitable for the evolution of life. In this "multiverse", random transitions are continually made between the various minima with the most likely transitions being to minima of lower vacuum energy. The inflationary era in the very early universe ended with such a transition to our current phase which is described by a broken supersymmetry and a small, positive vacuum energy. However, it is likely that an exactly supersymmetric (susy) phase of zero vacuum energy as in the original superstring theory also exists and that, at some time in the future, there will be a transition to this susy world. In this article we make some preliminary estimates of the consequences of such a transition.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures; intermediate extensions/revisions available at http://www.bama.ua.edu/~lclavell/Susyria.pdf
Dynamical Models for Disk Galaxies with Triaxial Halos
Creators: name: Widrow, Lawrence M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct self-consistent dynamical models for disk galaxies with triaxial, cuspy halos. We begin with an equilibrium, axisymmetric, disk-bulge-halo system and apply an artificial acceleration to the halo particles. By design, this acceleration conserves energy and thereby preserving the system's differential energy distribution even as its phase space distribution function is altered. The halo becomes triaxial but its spherically-averaged density profile remains largely unchanged. The final system is in equilibrium, to a very good approximation, so long as the halo's shape changes adiabatically. The disk and bulge are ``live'' while the halo is being deformed; they respond to the changing gravitational potential but also influence the deformation of the halo. We test the hypothesis that halo triaxiality can explain the rotation curves of low surface brightness galaxies by modelling the galaxy F568-3.
description: 23 pages including 9 figures
A Catalog of Transient X-ray Sources in M31
Creators: name: Williams, Benjamin F.
name: Naik, S.
name: Garcia, Michael R.
name: Callanan, Paul J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From October 1999 to August 2002, 45 transient X-ray sources were detected in M31 by Chandra and XMM-Newton. We have performed spectral analysis of all XMM-Newton and Chandra ACIS detections of these sources, as well as flux measurements of Chandra HRC detections. The result is absorption-corrected X-ray lightcurves for these sources covering this 2.8 year period, along with spectral parameters for several epochs of the outbursts of most of the transient sources. We supply a catalog of the locations, outburst dates, peak observed luminosities, decay time estimates, and spectral properties of the transient sources, and we discuss similarities with Galactic X-ray novae. Duty cycle estimates are possible for 8 of the transients and range from 40% to 2%; upper limits to the duty cycles are estimated for an additional 15 transients and cover a similar range. We find 5 transients which have rapid decay times and may be ultra-compact X-ray binaries. Spectra of three of the transients suggest they may be faint Galactic foreground sources. If even one is a foreground source, this suggests a surface density of faint transient X-ray sources of >~1 deg$^{-2}$.
description: 63 pages, 22 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Effects of High Density Phase Transitions on Neutron Star Dynamics
Creators: name: Liebling, Steven L.
name: Palenzuela, Carlos
name: Lehner, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Various theoretical arguments motivate an expectation of a phase transition in matter at extreme densities above nuclear density, accompanied by hopes that gravitational wave observations may reveal the properties of such a transition. Instead of adopting a particular theory, we consider here a generic form of first order phase transition using a piecewise polytropic equation of state, and evolve both isolated neutron stars and neutron star binaries, including unequal mass binaries and, in some cases, magnetic field, looking at dynamical effects. Of particular interest are effects that may be observable either via gravitational waves or electromagnetic observations.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures; Updated with accepted version which includes updates to the text, a new figure, and rearrangement of certain existing figures
Timed-averaged blood pressure showed a J-curve association with stroke in elderly chronic kidney disease patients
Creators: name: Fu, Chen
name: Zhang, Dongliang
name: Chen, Haiping
name: Zhang, Hui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Mental Health

description: The risk factors for stroke in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are not well understood. This study aimed to explore the influence of systolic blood pressure (SBP) on the risk of stroke in a large cohort of elderly patients with stage 3–5 CKD. We retrospectively identified 665 patients hospitalized in Beijing Friendship Hospital from January 2000 to December 2021. Patients were followed up until the occurrence of stroke or death. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the risk factors for stroke according to the presence or absence of CKD. The association between CKD and stroke was further evaluated regarding the role of SBP in the hypertensive population. In individuals with CKD, a J-shaped relationship was observed between SBP levels and the risk of stroke. Participants with CKD and an SBP less than 125 mmHg had a significantly higher cumulative stroke survival rate than those whose SBP was between 125 and 139 mmHg. The cumulative stroke survival rate increased progressively for those with SBP higher than 140 mmHg. This J-shaped relationship was not found in patients without CKD. In elderly patients with CKD, those with the lowest BP are at increased risk for incident stroke. This phenomenon could be different from that in the general population.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LAND TENURE, PROPERTY BOUNDARIES, AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION: EXAMPLES FROM BOLIVIA AND NORWAY
Creators: name: Goodale, Mark R.G.
name: Sky, Per Kare
name: Goodale, Mark R.G.
name: Sky, Per Kare
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land tenure -- Bolivia
subject: Land tenure -- Norway
subject: Dispute resolution -- Bolivia
subject: Dispute resolution -- Norway
subject: Land conflicts -- Bolivia
subject: Land conflicts -- Norway

description: This paper compares and contrasts patterns of land tenure, property boundaries, and dispute resolution regarding property using examples from two diverse social and economic regions: Bolivia and Norway. The goal of the paper is essentially a comparative one. By placing the examples of Bolivia and Norway side by side, the authors hope to shed light on common strategies while recognizing the diversity to be found in the ways that people relate to land. It is hoped that readers will be able to compare the material here with examples from other regions. By using data based on field research and related methods from two regions starkly distinguished from each other by language, socioeconomic levels, political histories, and extent of integration into world markets, the authors present a picture of how people interact with their bounded environments and the various meanings that they construct through such environments. Norway has one of the highest standards of living in the world and is in many ways a model of economic and social efficiency; Bolivia, by contrast, is characterized by extreme ecological zones and has struggled for most of its 170 years of independence to both maintain its population at the most basic of levels and to achieve social stability. Yet, despite these significant historical and contemporary differences, the ways in which people relate to land in both countries are often remarkably similar, particularly in rural areas.
Deep Residual Learning for Channel Estimation in Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Assisted Multi-User Communications
Creators: name: Liu, Chang
name: Liu, Xuemeng
name: Ng, Derrick Wing Kwan
name: Yuan, Jinhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Channel estimation is one of the main tasks in realizing practical intelligent reflecting surface-assisted multi-user communication (IRS-MC) systems. However, different from traditional communication systems, an IRS-MC system generally involves a cascaded channel with a sophisticated statistical distribution. In this case, the optimal minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator requires the calculation of a multidimensional integration which is intractable to be implemented in practice. To further improve the channel estimation performance, in this paper, we model the channel estimation as a denoising problem and adopt a deep residual learning (DReL) approach to implicitly learn the residual noise for recovering the channel coefficients from the noisy pilot-based observations. To this end, we first develop a versatile DReL-based channel estimation framework where a deep residual network (DRN)-based MMSE estimator is derived in terms of Bayesian philosophy. As a realization of the developed DReL framework, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based DRN (CDRN) is then proposed for channel estimation in IRS-MC systems, in which a CNN denoising block equipped with an element-wise subtraction structure is specifically designed to exploit both the spatial features of the noisy channel matrices and the additive nature of the noise simultaneously. In particular, an explicit expression of the proposed CDRN is derived and analyzed in terms of Bayesian estimation to characterize its properties theoretically. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed method approaches that of the optimal MMSE estimator requiring the availability of the prior probability density function of channel.
description: This paper has been accepted by IEEE TWC and the source code is available at https://github.com/XML124/CDRN-channel-estimation-IRS