cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Factorization of Combinatorial R matrices and Associated Cellular Automata
Creators: name: Hatayama, Goro
name: Kuniba, Atsuo
name: Takagi, Taichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81R50 (Primary) 81R10, 82B23 (Secondary)

description: Solvable vertex models in statistical mechanics give rise to soliton cellular automata at q=0 in a ferromagnetic regime. By means of the crystal base theory we study a class of such automata associated with non-exceptional quantum affine algebras U'_q(\hat{\geh}_n). Let B_l be the crystal of the U'_q(\hat{\geh}_n)-module corresponding to the l-fold symmetric fusion of the vector representation. For any crystal of the form B = B_{l_1} \otimes ... \otimes B_{l_N}, we prove that the combinatorial R matrix B_M \otimes B \xrightarrow{\sim} B \otimes B_M is factorized into a product of Weyl group operators in a certain domain if M is sufficiently large. It implies the factorization of certain transfer matrix at q=0, hence the time evolution in the associated cellular automata. The result generalizes the ball-moving algorithm in the box-ball systems.
description: 19pages, LaTeX2e, no figure. For proceedings of The Baxter revolution in mathematical physics. (revised version)
Exploring transcendentality in superstring amplitudes
Creators: name: D'Hoker, Eric
name: Green, Michael B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is well known that the low energy expansion of tree-level superstring scattering amplitudes satisfies a suitably defined version of maximum transcendentality. In this paper it is argued that there is a natural extension of this definition that applies to the genus-one four-graviton Type II superstring amplitude to all orders in the low-energy expansion. To obtain this result, the integral over the genus-one moduli space is partitioned into a region ${\cal M}_R$ surrounding the cusp and its complement ${\cal M}_L$, and an exact expression is obtained for the contribution to the amplitude from ${\cal M}_R$. The low-energy expansion of the ${\cal M}_R$ contribution is proven to be free of irreducible multiple zeta-values to all orders. The contribution to the amplitude from ${\cal M}_L$ is computed in terms of modular graph functions up to order $D^{12} {\cal R}^4$ in the low-energy expansion, and general arguments are used beyond this order to conjecture the transcendentality properties of the ${\cal M}_L$ contributions. Maximal transcendentality of the full amplitude holds provided we assign a non-zero weight to certain harmonic sums, an assumption which is familiar from transcendentality assignments in quantum field theory amplitudes.
description: 65 pages, 4 figures; typos corrected, reference added, minor edits in version 2; factor of 4 corrected in theorem 4.1 in version 3
Instability Heating of Sympathetically-Cooled Ions in a Linear Paul Trap
Creators: name: Harmon, T. J.
name: Moazzen-Ahmadi, N.
name: Thompson, R. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sympathetic laser cooling of ions stored within a linear-geometry, radio frequency, electric-quadrupole trap has been investigated using computational and theoretical techniques. The simulation, which allows 5 sample ions to interact with 35 laser-cooled atomic ions, revealed an instability heating mechanism, which can prevent ions below a certain critical mass from being sympathetically cooled. This critical mass can however be varied by changing the trapping field parameters thus allowing ions with a very large range of masses to be sympathetically cooled using a single ion species. A theoretical explanation of this instability heating mechanism is presented which predicts that the cooling-heating boundary in trapping parameter space is a line of constant $q_u$ (ion trap stability coefficient), a result supported by the computational results. The threshold value of $q_u$ depends on the masses of the interacting ions. A functional form of this dependence is given.
Additional file 1 of Mild photothermal/radiation therapy potentiates ferroptosis effect for ablation of breast cancer via MRI/PA imaging guided all-in-one strategy
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhe
name: Lo, Hsuan
name: Zhao, Xingyang
name: Li, Wenya
name: Wu, Ke
name: Zeng, Fanchu
name: Li, Shiying
name: Sun, Hongzan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biophysics
Space Science
Medicine
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Additional documents.
Paradoxurus montanus Kelaart 1852
Creators: name: Groves, Colin P.
name: Rajapaksha, Channa
name: Manemandra-Arachchi, Kelum
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Viverridae
Paradoxurus
Paradoxurus montanus

description: PARADOXURUS MONTANUS KELAART, 1852   SRI LANKAN BROWN PALM CIVET
 Type: BM 52.5.9.17, subadult male skin and skull, Newara Eliya, cloud-forest zone of Central Highlands, Sri Lanka.
 Diagnosis: Dark, slightly greyish-toned wood-brown, with a yellowish-white tail tip. Underside a paler version of upper side. Skull smaller, narrow with a narrow, pointed muzzle, a lower, flatter braincase, and occipital crest narrows backwards. Coronoid process not strongly curved backwards.
 Distribution: Dry zone of Sri Lanka, on present evidence extending to high altitudes in the Knuckles Range, and cloud forest in the Central Highlands. Skulls from the wet zone are somewhat narrower, but with a wider interpterygoid fossa, and may be different; further material – especially of adult specimens – from the cloud forest may show that these populations are also different from those from the dry zone, in which case the cloud-forest animals would retain the name montanus, and lower-altitude taxa would require one or more new names.
CR has live-trapped 12 individuals of this species, as follows.
Knuckles Range: Memure, (1/1), Walpolamulla (1/0), Elukumbura (1/1).
Monaragala: Thabanna (4/1).
Bibila: Lunugala (0/1).
Ratnapura: Sirapagama (0/1).
description: Published as part of Groves, Colin P., Rajapaksha, Channa & Manemandra-Arachchi, Kelum, 2009, The taxonomy of the endemic golden palm civet of Sri Lanka, pp. 238-251 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (1) on page 250, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00451.x, http://zenodo.org/record/5444863
First principles study of the vibronic coupling in positively charged C$_{60}^+$
Creators: name: Huang, Zhishuo
name: Liu, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vibronic coupling parameters for C$_{60}^{+}$ were derived via DFT calculations with hybrid B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP functional, based on which the static Jahn-Teller effect were analyzed. The global minima of adiabatic potential energy surface (APES) shows a D$_{5d}$ Jahn-Teller deformation, with stabilization energies of 110 and 129 meV (with B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP respectively), which are two times larger than that in C$_{60}^-$, suggesting the crucial role of the dynamical Jahn-Teller effect. Present results enable us to assess the actual situation of dynamical Jahn-Teller effect in C$_{60}^{+}$ and excited C$_{60}$ in combination with the established parameters for C$_{60}^{-}$.
description: 19 pages, 25 figures and 2 tables
title: Urban Water Security in Asia-Pacific
title: Promoting Demand Management Strategies
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Brears, Robert
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::327 Internationale Beziehungen

description: In Asia-Pacific, urban centres will face water insecurity as a result of climate change and the impacts of urbanisation. To achieve urban water security in the Asia-Pacific region, water managers can use a variety of demand management tools to alter the attitudes and behaviours of individuals and society towards water resources. In Europe, urban water security is affected by droughts and scarcity. The European Commission has stated that demand management should come first and that alternative supply options are only considered once the potential for water efficiency has been exhausted. In order to achieve urban water security in the Asia- Pacific region, existing institutional frameworks between Europe and Asia-Pacific can be used to exchange best practices and lessons learnt from European urban centres implementing demand management strategies.
A simple expression for the terms in the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff series
Creators: name: Reinsch, Matthias W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A simple expression is derived for the terms in the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff series. One formulation of the result involves a finite number of operations with matrices of rational numbers. Generalizations are discussed.
description: 12 pages. New material and references added. Accepted for publication in the Journal of Mathematical Physics
Stationary and static stellar dynamic models with axial symmetry
Creators: name: Rein, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q99; 85A05; 85A15

description: We study the existence of stationary solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson system with finite radius and finite mass in the stellar dynamics case. So far, the existence of such solutions is known only under the assumption of spherical symmetry. Using the implicit function theorem we show that certain stationary, spherically symmetric solutions can be embedded in one parameter families of stationary, axially symmetric solutions with finite radius and finite mass. In general, these new steady states have non-vanishing average velocity field, but they can also be constructed such that their velocity field does vanish, in which case they are called static.
description: 38 pages, Latex
الصحراء المزدحمة ٢ لنستكشف المخيمات البدوية
Creators: name: Sherif, Shaima
name: Caravjel Lopez, Jose
name: Rowbotham, Annie
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 43
subject: History, heritage and archaeology
classificationCode: 4302
subject: Heritage, archive and museum studies
classificationCode: 4301
subject: Archaeology

description: This item is a Illustrated Presentation produced by UCL Qatar as part of the The Crowded Desert Project, and is part of Crowded Desert 2 School Pack - Arabic collection.  The Illustrated Presentation is for 6 - 11 years age groups. This work was illustrated by Marsya Abdulghani.
Quenched narrow-line second- and third-stage laser cooling of 40Ca
Creators: name: Curtis, E. Anne
name: Oates, Christopher W.
name: Hollberg, Leo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate three-dimensional (3-D) quenched narrow-line laser cooling and trapping of 40Ca. With 5 ms of cooling time we can transfer 28 % of the atoms from a magneto-optic trap based on the strong 423 nm cooling line to a trap based on the narrow 657 nm clock transition (that is quenched by an intercombination line at 552 nm), thereby reducing the atoms' temperature from 2 millikelvin to 10 microkelvin. This reduction in temperature should help reduce the overall systematic frequency uncertainty for our Ca optical frequency standard to < 1 Hz. Additional pulsed, quenched narrow-line third-stage cooling in 1-D yields sub-recoil temperatures as low as 300 nK, and makes possible the observation of high-contrast two-pulse Ramsey spectroscopic lineshapes.
description: 21 Pages including figures. Submitted to JOSA B
الصحراء المزدحمة ٢ لنستكشف المخيمات البدوية
Creators: name: Sherif, Shaima
name: Caravjel Lopez, Jose
name: Rowbotham, Annie
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3901
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy
classificationCode: 43
subject: History, heritage and archaeology
classificationCode: 4302
subject: Heritage, archive and museum studies
classificationCode: 4301
subject: Archaeology

description: This item is a Illustrated Presentation produced by UCL Qatar as part of the The Crowded Desert Project, and is part of Crowded Desert 2 School Pack - Arabic collection.  The Illustrated Presentation is for 6 - 11 years age groups. This work was illustrated by Marsya Abdulghani.
title: Zehnter Jahresbericht der Gottfried Keller-Gesellschaft 1941
title: Jahresbericht / Gottfried Keller-Gesellschaft (1932-1993)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Altwegg, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Verlag der Gottfried Keller-Gesellschaft
Year: 1942
Subjects: subject: 800 Literatur und Rhetorik
subject: Keller, Gottfried
subject: Gottfried Keller-Gesellschaft
subject: Bericht
subject: Deutsche Literatur
subject: Poetik
subject: Rede
subject: Rathaus Zürich
subject: Bibliografie

description: Enthält ein Verzeichnis der neuen Schriften zur Gottfried Keller-Literatur
description: Rede "Gottfried Kellers Verskunst" von Wilhelm Altwegg, am zehnten Jahresbott der Gottfried Keller-Gesellschaft am 26. Oktober 1941 im Rathaus Zürich
Modeling work-speed-accuracy trade-offs in a stochastic rotary machine
Creators: name: Kasper, Alexandra K. S.
name: Sivak, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular machines are stochastic systems that catalyze the energetic processes keeping living cells alive and structured. Inspired by the examples of F1-ATP synthase and the bacterial flagellum, we present a minimal model of an externally driven stochastic rotary machine. We explore the trade-offs of work, driving speed, and driving accuracy when changing driving strength, speed, and the underlying system dynamics. We find an upper bound on accuracy and work for a particular speed. Our results favor slow driving when tasked with minimizing the work-accuracy ratio and maximizing the rate of successful cycles. Finally, in the parameter regime mapping to the dynamics of F1-ATP synthase, we find a significant decay of driving accuracy at physiological rotation rates, raising questions about how ATP synthase achieves reasonable or even remarkable efficiency in vivo.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Discrete Gibbsian line ensembles and weak noise scaling for directed polymers
Creators: Wu, Xuan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Probabilities
subject: Mathematical physics

description: In this thesis we investigate three projects within in the field of KPZ universality class and integrable probability. The first project studies the weak KPZ universality for half-space directed polymers in dimension 1+1. This is the half-space analogue of the full-space polymers studied in [AKQ]. The novelty is the extra random environment introduced at the boundary. The new technical challenges are the estimates for half-space heat kernels which are super-probability measures and accurate estimates on visits to origin (weighted by the boundary randomness) for a simple symmetric walk in dimension 1 and 2 respectively. The second project introduces a framework to prove tightness of a sequence of discrete Gibbsian line ensembles L^N = {L(N/k)(u), k ∈ N, u ∈ (1/N)Z}, which is a countable collection of random curves. The sequence of discrete line ensembles L^N we consider enjoys a resampling invariance property, which we call (H^N,H^R^W,^N )-Gibbs property. We assume that L^N satisfies technical assumptions A1-A4 on (H^N,H^R^W,^N ) and the assumption that the lowest labeled curve with a parabolic shift, L(N/1)(u)+ u²/2 , converges weakly to a stationary process in the topology of uniform convergence on compact sets. Under these assumptions, we prove our main result Theorem 3.1.13 that L^N is tight as a sequence of line ensembles and that the H-Brownian Gibbs property holds for all subsequential limit line ensembles with H(x) = e^x. As an application of Theorem 3.1.13, under the weak noise scaling, we show that the scaled log-gamma line ensemble L^N is tight, which is a sequence of discrete line ensembles associated with the log-gamma polymer model via the geometric RSK correspondence. The H-Brownian Gibbs property (with H(x) = e^x) of its subsequential limits also follows. The third project proves an analogue of the classical Komlós-Major-Tusnády (KMT) embedding theorem for random walk bridges and it serves as a key technical input for the second project. The random bridges we consider are constructed through random walks with i.i.d jumps that are conditioned on the locations of their endpoints. We prove that such bridges can be strongly coupled to Brownian bridges of appropriate variance when the jumps are either continuous or integer valued under some mild technical assumptions on the jump distributions. Our arguments follow a similar dyadic scheme to KMT's original proof, but they require more refined estimates and stronger assumptions necessitated by the endpoint conditioning. In particular, our result does not follow from the KMT embedding theorem, which we illustrate via a counterexample.
Discrete Differential Geometry of Thin Materials for Computational Mechanics
Creators: Vouga, Paul Etienne
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Computer science

description: Instead of applying numerical methods directly to governing equations, another approach to computation is to discretize the geometric structure specific to the problem first, and then compute with the discrete geometry. This structure-respecting discrete-differential-geometric (DDG) approach often leads to new algorithms that more accurately track the physically behavior of the system with less computational effort. Thin objects, such as pieces of cloth, paper, sheet metal, freeform masonry, and steel-glass structures are particularly rich in geometric structure and so are well-suited for DDG. I show how understanding the geometry of time integration and contact leads to new algorithms, with strong correctness guarantees, for simulating thin elastic objects in contact; how the performance of these algorithms can be dramatically improved without harming the geometric structure, and thus the guarantees, of the original formulation; how the geometry of static equilibrium can be used to efficiently solve design problems related to masonry or glass buildings; and how discrete developable surfaces can be used to model thin sheets undergoing isometric deformation.
Infrared studies of surface carbonate binding to diimine-tricarbonyl Re(I) and Mn(I) complexes in mesoporous silica
Creators: name: Louis, Michael E.
name: Gonghu Li
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Diimine-tricarbonyl Re(I) and Mn(I) complexes have demonstrated interesting activity in photocatalytic and electrochemical CO2 reduction. In this study, we take a surface chemistry approach to investigate interactions of CO2 with Re(I) and Mn(I) complexes in the presence of triethylamine. The molecular complexes were adsorbed on the surface of a mesoporous silica. Under dark conditions, formation of metal-carbonate adducts was observed by infrared spectroscopy in the presence of CO2, triethylamine, and surface silanol groups. The Langmuir adsorption model was utilized to extract quantitative information regarding surface carbonate binding to the two molecular complexes. The results indicate that binding of carbonate was much stronger on the Re(I) center than on Mn(I), consistent with prior observations regarding the relative activities of these complexes in CO2-reduction catalysis.
Investigating the impact of climate change on ocean circulation and coastal ecosystems
Creators: name: Reynard, Nick
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: This thesis takes a multi-disciplinary approach to addressing some of ways impacts of climate change are felt throughout the ocean. This is first done through a modelling approach, an investigation into new data-driven methodologies using machine-learning and I lastly bring in policy-focused research that is aimed to connect science and policy. Turbulent mixing in the ocean is a key driver that ensures the closure of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC), with it acting to upwell abyssal waters across density levels. I begin by defining an effective diffusivity coefficient that achieves the required net water mass transformation rates in a model grid cell. Here I show that this more realistic effective diffusivity leads to significant changes in the sensitivity of ocean circulation under different surface forcings. I go on to look at the impact of a temporally evolving mixing, demonstrating how by allowing varying degrees of freedom turbulent mixing can be considered a mechanism for variability on an impactful scale. Parameterisations in climate models are often informed by observations, however, for mixing these are sparse in comparison to variables such as temperature and salinity. Here I use two supervised machine-learning models, which are informed by physical understanding, to predict key properties of turbulence. Results show promise and often outperform currently used mathematical parameterisations. I end this thesis by changing themes and present a policy-briefing paper that focuses on the importance blue carbon ecosystems in helping to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change. I first look at their global mitigation potential if restored to previous coverage estimates and conclude it to be limited to roughly 0.5% - 2% of current global annual emissions. I discuss how their protection is justified and should be encouraged due their current protection of carbon stores and potential for adaptation and ecosystem services.
Prospects for cosmic magnification measurements using HI intensity mapping
Creators: name: Witzemann, Amadeus
name: Pourtsidou, Alkistis
name: Santos, Mario G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the prospects of measuring the cosmic magnification effect by cross-correlating neutral hydrogen intensity mapping (HI IM) maps with background optical galaxies. We forecast the signal-to-noise ratio for HI IM data from SKA1-MID and HIRAX, combined with LSST photometric galaxy samples. We find that, thanks to their different resolutions, SKA1-MID and HIRAX are highly complementary in such an analysis. We predict that SKA1-MID can achieve a detection with a signal-to-noise ratio of $\sim 15$ on a multipole range of $\ell \lesssim 200$, while HIRAX can reach a signal-to-noise ratio of $\sim 50$ on $200 < \ell < 2000$. We conclude that measurements of the cosmic magnification signal will be possible on a wide redshift range with foreground HI intensity maps up to $z \lesssim 2$, while optimal results are obtained when $0.6 \lesssim z \lesssim 1.3$. Finally, we perform a signal to noise analysis that shows how these measurements can constrain the HI parameters across a wide redshift range.
description: Accepted version. 9 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
title: Global Social Inequalities
title: Review Essay
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Lillemets, Krista
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: global inequalities
subject: international and global comparison
subject: world-system
subject: transnationalism
subject: approach of entanglements
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften

description: The studies of global social and economic inequalities in social sciences that go beyond “methodological nationalism” are recent but have older roots. The first theories to reflect on the global and trans-regional interconnections and asymmetric regional developments within the capitalist system can be traced back to a Marxian tradition. These theories were critical to the conventional approach to social inequalities (hegemonic in the Western European and US academic centers in the 20th century) restricted to within nation-state boundaries. However, during the last three decades, several new approaches have emerged to capture the construction of social inequalities within the context of transnationalization, which extend beyond defined political units such as the nation-state. Transnationalization is creating a new challenge to social scientists to review critically their premises related to their reference units and to study social inequalities by focusing on social, economic, cultural and political interdependencies from the global perspective. This paper will focus specifically on four different approaches to global inequalities: (1) global and international comparative research; (2) the world-system perspective; (3) the transnational approach; and (4) the approach of entanglements. The aim is to draw a critical balance of these recent approaches, examine the central theoretical arguments and empirical findings, identify shortcomings and make suggestions for further research.
The topology of deformation spaces of Kleinian groups
Creators: name: Anderson, James W.
name: Canary, Richard D.
name: McCullough, Darryl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let M be a compact, hyperbolizable 3-manifold with nonempty incompressible boundary and let AH(π_1(M)) denote the space of (conjugacy classes of) discrete faithful representations of π_1(M) into PSL 2 (C). The components of the interior MP(π_1(M)) of AH(π_1(M)) (as a subset of the appropriate representation variety) are enumerated by the space A(M) of marked homeomorphism types of oriented, compact, irreducible 3-manifolds homotopy equivalent to M. In this paper, we give a topological enumeration of the components of the closure of MP(π_1(M)) and hence a conjectural topological enumeration of the components of AH(π_1(M)). We do so by characterizing exactly which changes of marked homeomorphism type can occur in the algebraic limit of a sequence of isomorphic freely indecomposable Kleinian groups. We use this enumeration to exhibit manifolds M for which AH(π_1(M)) has infinitely many components.
description: 49 pages, published version
Late universe decaying dark matter can relieve the H_0 tension
Creators: name: Vattis, Kyriakos
name: Koushiappas, Savvas M.
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the cosmological effects of two-body dark matter decays where the products of the decay include a massless and a massive particle. We show that if the massive daughter particle is slightly warm it is possible to relieve the tension between distance ladder measurements of the present day Hubble parameter with measurements from the cosmic microwave background.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Planar graphs have bounded queue-number
Creators: name: Dujmović, Vida
name: Joret, Gwenaël
name: Micek, Piotr
name: Morin, Pat
name: Ueckerdt, Torsten
name: Wood, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that planar graphs have bounded queue-number, thus proving a conjecture of Heath, Leighton and Rosenberg from 1992. The key to the proof is a new structural tool called layered partitions, and the result that every planar graph has a vertex-partition and a layering, such that each part has a bounded number of vertices in each layer, and the quotient graph has bounded treewidth. This result generalises for graphs of bounded Euler genus. Moreover, we prove that every graph in a minor-closed class has such a layered partition if and only if the class excludes some apex graph. Building on this work and using the graph minor structure theorem, we prove that every proper minor-closed class of graphs has bounded queue-number. Layered partitions have strong connections to other topics, including the following two examples. First, they can be interpreted in terms of strong products. We show that every planar graph is a subgraph of the strong product of a path with some graph of bounded treewidth. Similar statements hold for all proper minor-closed classes. Second, we give a simple proof of the result by DeVos et al. (2004) that graphs in a proper minor-closed class have low treewidth colourings.
A charged finitely extensible dumbbell model: Explaining rheology of dilute polyelectrolyte solutions
Creators: name: Shogin, Dmitry
name: Amundsen, Per Amund
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A robust non-Newtonian fluid model of dilute polyelectrolyte solutions is derived from kinetic theory arguments. Polyelectrolyte molecules are modeled as finitely elongated nonlinear elastic dumbbells, where effective charges (interacting through a simple Coulomb force) are added to the beads in order to model the repulsion between the charged sections of polyelectrolyte chains. It is shown that the relative strength of this repulsion is regulated by the electric-to-elastic energy ratio, $E$, which is one of the key parameters of the model. In particular, $E$ accounts for the intrinsic rigidity of polyelectrolyte molecules and can be used to explain the impact of solvent salinity on polyelectrolyte rheology. With two preaveraging approximations, the constitutive equations of the resulting fluid model are formulated in closed form. Material functions predicted by the model for steady shear flow, steady extensional flow, small-amplitude oscillatory shear flow, and start-up and cessation of steady shear flow are obtained and investigated using a combination of analytical and numerical methods. In particular, it is shown how these material functions depend on $E$. The two limiting cases of the model -- uncharged dumbbells ($E=0$) and rigid dumbbells ($E\to \infty$) -- are included in the analysis. It is found that despite its simplicity, the model predicts most of experimentally observed rheological features of polyelectrolyte solutions.
description: 36 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 2 of Costs of implementing community-based intervention for HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Creators: name: Uzoaru, Florida
name: Nwaozuru, Ucheoma
name: Ong, Jason J.
name: Obi, Felix
name: Obiezu-Umeh, Chisom
name: Tucker, Joseph D.
name: Shato, Thembekile
name: Mason, Stacey L.
name: Carter, Victoria
name: Manu, Sunita
name: BeLue, Rhonda
name: Ezechi, Oliver
name: Iwelunmor, Juliet
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Appendix B: CHEERS checklist of items studies should include when reporting economic evaluation of health interventions.
Disentangling mutation and selection in human genetic variation: promises and pitfalls
Creators: Agarwal, Ipsita
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolution (Biology)
subject: Mutation (Biology)
subject: Human genome
subject: Exomes

description: A subset of germline mutations that arise de novo each generation are deleterious and may cause severe genetic diseases. Predicting where in the genome and how often we expect to see deleterious mutations requires an understanding both of the distribution of mutation rates and the distribution of fitness effects in the genome. Both aspects are addressed in turn in the two projects described in this thesis. The distribution of mutations in the genome is poorly understood because germline mutations occur very rarely. In Chapter 1 of this work, we investigated the sources of mutations by using the spectrum of low-frequency variants in 13,860 human X chromosomes and autosomes as a proxy for the spectrum of germline de novo mutations. By comparing the mutation spectrum in multiple genomic compartments on the autosomes and between the X and autosomes that have unique biochemical and sex-specific properties, we ascribed specific mutation patterns to replication timing and recombination and identified differences in the types of mutations that accrue in males and females. Understanding mutational mechanisms provides a basis for modeling mutation rate variation in the genome, which is ultimately needed to infer the fitness effects of mutations. In Chapter 2, we used patterns of human genetic variation at methylated CpGsites, known to experience mutations at very high rates, to directly learn about the fitness effects of mutations at these sites. In whole exome sequences now available for 390,000 humans, 99% of putatively-neutral, synonymous CpG sites have experienced a C>T mutation; at current sample sizes, not seeing a C>T mutation at these sites indicates strong selection against that mutation. We leveraged the saturation of neutral C>T mutations and the similarity of mutation rates at methylated CpG sites across annotations to identify the subset of sites in a given functional annotation of interest that are likely to be under strong selection. One implication of this work is that for the vast majority of sites in the genome, there will be little information about strong selection even in samples that are many times larger than at present; the distribution of fitness effects at highly mutable CpG sites may then serve as an anchor for what to expect for other types of sites. Through the two specific cases described, this work illustrates the potential of large contemporary repositories of human genetic variation to inform human genetics and evolution, as well as their limitations in the absence of suitable models of mutation, selection, and other aspects of the evolutionary process.
Grammia doris subsp. minea
Creators: name: Schmidt, B. Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Arctiidae
Grammia
Grammia doris
Grammia doris minea (slosson)

description: GRAMMIA DORIS MINEA (SLOSSON) (FIGS 2 –4C)
 Diagnosis: Distinguished from nominal G. doris by the slightly smaller size (mean forewing length = 19 mm), thinner forewing pale bands, and larger hindwing spots.
 Biology: Adult collection dates indicate a single annual generation, with the flight peak between late May and mid June. As discussed under G. doris, the habitat preference of G. d. minea is not clear, but may include wetlands.
 Distribution: Southern BC east to NF and NB; because of the paucity of specimens, the southern extent of ssp. minea, and relationship to ssp. doris, is unclear.
description: Published as part of Schmidt, B. Christian, 2009, Taxonomic revision of the genus Grammia Rambur (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Arctiinae), pp. 507-597 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156 (3) on page 520, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00496.x, http://zenodo.org/record/5444719
Additional file 11 of Dissection of canopy layer-specific genetic control of leaf angle in Sorghum bicolor by RNA sequencing
Creators: name: Natukunda, Martha I.
name: Mantilla-Perez, Maria B.
name: Graham, Michelle A.
name: Liu, Peng
name: Salas-Fernandez, Maria G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 11: Supplementary Table S5. Annotations for the 284 candidate DEGs co-localizing with leaf angle QTL (genes are grouped by chromosome).
Supplementary Figures from A novel accessory respiratory muscle in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
Creators: name: Codd, Jonathan R.
name: Rose, Kayleigh A. R.
name: Tickle, Peter G.
name: Sellers, William I.
name: Brocklehurst, Robert J.
name: Elsey, Ruth M.
name: Crossley, Dane A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Figures S1 Representative mean integrated sum (meanSE, mV) of EMG activity of the iliocostalis under the experimental conditions, Figure S2 Electromyography (EMG) of the iliocostalis muscle demonstrating that the mask is not driving the expiratory activity of the muscle, Figure S3 Experimental chamber set-up for submerged breathing.
Laser damage attack against optical attenuators in quantum key distribution
Creators: name: Huang, Anqi
name: Li, Ruoping
name: Egorov, Vladimir
name: Tchouragoulov, Serguei
name: Kumar, Krtin
name: Makarov, Vadim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many quantum key distribution systems employ a laser followed by an optical attenuator to prepare weak coherent states in the source. Their mean photon number must be pre-calibrated to guarantee the security of key distribution. Here we experimentally show that this calibration can be broken with a high-power laser attack. We have tested four fiber-optic attenuator types used in quantum key distribution systems, and found that two of them exhibit a permanent decrease in attenuation after laser damage. This results in higher mean photon numbers in the prepared states and may allow an eavesdropper to compromise the key.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
title: Chancen und Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung am Beispiel des TeleDerm-Projekts – Ergebnispräsentation und Selbsterfahrung
Creators: name: Koch, Roland
name: Polanc, Andreas
name: Joos, Stefanie
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Hintergrund: Alle reden über Digitalisierung und eHealth, aber nicht selten fehlt hierbei der Praxisbezug zum Versorgungsalltag. In dem vom Innovationsfonds geförderten TeleDerm-Projekt wurden in 50 Hausarztpraxen innerhalb der hausarztzentrierten Versorgung technische Voraussetzungen zur [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 53. Kongress für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin
Discrete Optimization Problems in Popular Matchings and Scheduling
Creators: Powers, Vladlena
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Operations research
Matching theory
Statistical matching
Scheduling
Scheduling--Mathematical models

description: This thesis focuses on two central classes of problems in discrete optimization: matching and scheduling. Matching problems lie at the intersection of different areas of mathematics, computer science, and economics. In two-sided markets, Gale and Shapley's model has been widely used and generalized to assign, e.g., students to schools and interns to hospitals. The goal is to find a matching that respects a certain concept of fairness called stability. This model has been generalized in many ways. Relaxing the stability condition to popularity allows to overcome one of the main drawbacks of stable matchings: the fact that two individuals (a blocking pair) can prevent the matching from being much larger. The first part of this thesis is devoted to understanding the complexity of various problems around popular matchings. We first investigate maximum weighted popular matching problems. In particular, we show various NP-hardness results, while on the other hand prove that a popular matching of maximum weight (if any) can be found in polynomial time if the input graph has bounded treewidth. We also investigate algorithmic questions on the relationship between popular, stable, and Pareto optimal matchings. The last part of the thesis deals with a combinatorial scheduling problem arising in cyber-security. Moving target defense strategies allow to mitigate cyber attacks. We analyze a strategic game, PLADD, which is an abstract model for these strategies.
Two-color stabilization of atomic hydrogen in circularly polarized laser fields
Creators: name: Bauer, D.
name: Ceccherini, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamic stabilization of atomic hydrogen against ionization in high-frequency single- and two-color, circularly polarized laser pulses is observed by numerically solving the three-dimensional, time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The single-color case is revisited and numerically determined ionization rates are compared with both, exact and approximate high-frequency Floquet rates. The position of the peaks in the photoelectron spectra can be explained with the help of dressed initial states. In two-color laser fields of opposite circular polarization the stabilized probability density may be shaped in various ways. For laser frequencies $ω_1$ and $ω_2=nω_1$, $n=2,3,...$ and sufficiently large excursion amplitudes $n+1$ distinct probability density peaks are observed. This may be viewed as the generalization of the well-known ``dichotomy'' in linearly polarized laser fields, i.e, as ``trichotomy,'' ``quatrochotomy,'' ``pentachotomy'' etc. All those observed structures and their ``hula-hoop''-like dynamics can be understood with the help of high-frequency Floquet theory and the two-color Kramers-Henneberger transformation. The shaping of the probability density in the stabilization regime can be realized without additional loss in the survival probability, as compared to the corresponding single-color results.
description: 10 pages, REVTeX4, 11 eps-figures, see also http://www.physik.tu-darmstadt.de/tqe/dieter/publist.html for a manuscript with higher-quality figures
title: High Frequency Transformer for Switching Mode Power Supplies
Creators: name: Wong, Fu Keung
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: power supply
subject: switched mode power supply
subject: switching mode power supply
subject: microelectronics
subject: high frequency transformers
subject: planar transformers
subject: eddy currents

description: A power supply is an essential part of all electronic devices. A switching mode power supply is a light weight power solution for most modern electronic equipment. The high frequency transformer is the backbone of modern switched mode power supplies. The skin effect and proximity effects are major problems in high frequency transformer design, because of induced eddy currents. These effects can result in transformers being destroyed and losing their power transferring function at high frequencies. Therefore, eddy currents are unwanted currents in high frequency transformers. Leakage inductance and the unbalanced magnetic flux distribution are two further obstacles for the development of high frequency transformers. Winding structures of power transformers are also a critical part of transformer design and manufacture, especially for high frequency applications. A new planar transformer with a helical winding structure has been designed and can maintain the advantages of existing planar transformers and significantly reduce the eddy currents in the windings. The maximum eddy current density can be reduced to 27% of the density of the planar transformer with meander type winding structure and 33% of the density of the transformer with circular spiral winding structure at an operating frequency of 1MHz. The voltage ratio of the transformer with helical winding structure is effectively improved to 150% of the voltage ratio of the planar transformer with circular spiral coils. With the evenly distributed magnetic flux around the winding, the planar transformer with helical winding structure is excellent for high frequency switching mode power supplies in the 21st Century.
Can Two Quantum Cheshire Cats Exchange Grins?
Creators: name: Das, Debmalya
name: Pati, Arun Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A common-sense perception of a physical system is that it is inseparable from its physical properties. The notion of Quantum Cheshire Cat challenges this, as far as quantum systems are concerned. It shows that a quantum system can be decoupled from its physical property under suitable pre and postselections. However, in the Quantum Cheshire Cat setup, the decoupling is not permanent. The photon, for example, and its circular polarization is separated and then recombined. In this paper, we present a thought experiment where we decouple two photons from their respective polarizations and then interchange them during recombination. Thus, our proposal shows that the belongingness of a property for a physical system is very volatile in the quantum world. This raises the question of reality of an observable at a much deeper level.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1903.04152
Stable steady states in stellar dynamics
Creators: name: Guo, Yan
name: Rein, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q99; 35B35; 85A05; 85A15

description: We prove the existence and nonlinear stability of steady states of the Vlasov-Poisson system in the stellar dynamics case. The steady states are obtained as minimizers of an energy-Casimir functional from which fact their dynamical stability is deduced. The analysis applies to some of the well-known polytropic steady states, but it also considerably extends the class of known steady states.
description: 22 pages, Latex
Supplementary Material: Radio-tracking reveals how wind and temperature influence the pace of daytime insect migration
Creators: name: Knight, Samantha M.
name: Pitman, Grace M.
name: D. T. Tyler Flockhart
name: D. Ryan Norris
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Includes supplemental methods and table S1
title: Stellenwert der Palliativversorgung im hausärztlichen Bereich
Creators: name: Engeser, Peter
name: Kahle, Claudia
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Hintergrund: Aktivierung der AG Palliativmedizin, um Entwicklungen in der ambulanten und spezialisierten Palliativmedizin im hausärztlichen Bereich stärker zu beeinflussen. Verzahnung des universitären/hausärztlichen Bereichs in der Palliativmedizin in der DEGAM Beschreibung[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 53. Kongress für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin
Negative Specific Heat of a Magnetically Self-Confined Plasma Torus
Creators: name: Kiessling, Michael K. -H.
name: Neukirch, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the thermodynamic maximum entropy principle predicts negative specific heat for a stationary magnetically self-confined current-carrying plasma torus. Implications for the magnetic self-confinement of fusion plasma are considered.
description: 10p., LaTeX, 2 eps figure files