cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gamma rays and neutrinos from dark matter annihilation in galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Yuan, Qiang
name: Yin, Peng-Fei
name: Bi, Xiao-Jun
name: Zhang, Xin-Min
name: Zhu, Shou-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $γ$-ray and neutrino emissions from dark matter (DM) annihilation in galaxy clusters are studied. After about one year operation of Fermi-LAT, several nearby clusters are reported with stringent upper limits of GeV $γ$-ray emission. We use the Fermi-LAT upper limits of these clusters to constrain the DM model parameters. We find that the DM model distributed with substructures predicted in cold DM (CDM) scenario is strongly constrained by Fermi-LAT $γ$-ray data. Especially for the leptonic annihilation scenario which may account for the $e^{\pm}$ excesses discovered by PAMELA/Fermi-LAT/HESS, the constraint on the minimum mass of substructures is of the level $10^2-10^3$ M$_{\odot}$, which is much larger than that expected in CDM picture, but is consistent with a warm DM scenario. We further investigate the sensitivity of neutrino detections of the clusters by IceCube. It is found that neutrino detection is much more difficult than $γ$-rays. Only for very heavy DM ($\sim 10$ TeV) together with a considerable branching ratio to line neutrinos the neutrino sensitivity is comparable with that of $γ$-rays.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures and 1 table; extended discussion about the uncertainties of concentration and subhalo models, figures replotted for better read; references updated; accepted for publication by Phys. Rev. D
Numerical investigation of the influence of process parameters and tool path on the temperature in the laser glass deposition (LGD) process
Creators: name: Denkena, B.
name: Dittrich, M.-A.
name: Malek, T.
name: Sleiman, K.
name: Rettschlag, K.
name: Jäschke, P.
name: Kaierle, S.
Publisher: name: Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Additive manufacturing
subject: Additive manufacturing of glass
subject: Laser glass deposition (LGD)
subject: Simulation
subject: Thermal analysis
subject: Tool path planning
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: Additive manufacturing has gained interest in the industry due to its flexibility in design and the possibility to integrate functionalities. Thereby, glass has a high potential to be developed also in this field due to its thermal stability, chemical resistance, and optical transmission. Laser glass deposition is a method for fabricating glass components on a glass substrate. The energy input and the resulting temperature are crucial factors in this process, which can influence the material properties and the resulting geometry. Also, depending on the temperature in the substrate, difficulties such as high residual stresses or thermal shock can occur. The temperature on the glass substrate and in the melt zone can be changed either directly by the laser power or laser spot size, or indirectly by other process variables such as travel speed or path planning strategy. In this study, the energy input and the resulting temperature in the melt zone are numerically investigated under selected process parameters. Based on this, a regression function was created so that the generated temperature can be calculated by corresponding laser power, laser spot diameter, and axis velocity. Moreover, different tool path strategies for the production of horizontally multilayered surfaces were thermally investigated. The results showed a more uniform temperature profile with zigzag movement than the spiral tool path. The influence of the turning point angle in path planning on the temperature change was also investigated. It was observed that the 90° corner in contrast to the smaller angle has no significant influence on the temperature change.
title: An Analysis of Sensitivity in Economic Forecasting for Pavement Management Systems
Creators: name: Fuentes, Antonio
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: The research presented in this thesis investigates the effect the data collection process has on the results of the economic analysis in pavement management systems. The incorporation of pavement management systems into software packages has enabled local governments to easily implement and maintain an asset management plan. However a general standard has yet to be set, enabling local governments to select from several methods of data collection.
In this research, two pavement management system software packages with different data collection methods are analyzed on the common estimated recommended M&R cost provided by their respective economic analysis. The Transportation Asset Management Software (TAMS) software package developed by the Utah LTAP Center at Utah State University consists of a data collection process composed of nine asphalt pavement distress observations. The Micro PAVERTM software package developed by the Army Corps of Engineers consists of a data collection process composed of 20 asphalt pavement distress observations.
A Latin-hypercube sample set was input into each software package, as well as actual local government pavement condition data for the City of Smithfield, Utah and the City of Tremonton, Utah. This resulted in six total data sets for analysis, three entered and analyzed in TAMS and three entered and analyzed in Micro PAVERTM. These sample sets were then statistically modeled to determine the effect each distress variable had on the response produced by the economic analysis of estimated recommended M&R costs.
Due to the different methodologies of pavement condition data collection, two different statistical approaches were utilized during the sensitivity analysis. The TAMS data sets consisted of a general linear regression model, while the Micro PAVERTM data sets consisted of an analysis of covariance model. It was determined that each data set had varying results in terms of sensitive pavement distresses; however the common sensitive distress in all of the data sets was that of alligator cracking/fatigue. This research also investigates the possibility of utilizing statistically produced models as a direct cost estimator given pavement condition data.
title: Molecular Sensing and Imaging of Human Disease Cells and Their Responses to Biochemical Stimuli
Creators: name: Xiao, Lifu
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: The overall goal of this dissertation is to develop noninvasive imaging techniques that allow us not only to detect diseased cells but also to study the molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases.
Atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy are applied to measure cellular mechanical properties (e.g. Young’s Modulus, adhesion force) and biochemical composition of living cancerous vs. healthy (A549 vs. SAEC) human lung epithelial cells. These biomechanical and biochemical properties can be utilized to differentiate between cancerous A549 and healthy SAEC human lung epithelial cells. Furthermore, different cellular responses to anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) treatment are also observed. Using AFM and Raman spectroscopy, we can quantitatively measure biophysical properties of different cells, as complementary parameters to other properties (e.g. gene and protein expression), helping identify the states of diseased cells.
Another major task of this dissertation is to develop noninvasive imaging techniques to detect cancer biomarker epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at single cell level using advanced instrumentation. We first synthesized a gold nanorod (AuNR)-based nanoprobe for single-cell imaging of EGFR using surface-enhance Raman spectroscopy (SERS). SERS is able to quantitatively measure the EGFR expression level in different breast cancer cell lines and map the cellular distribution of EGFR in single cells. Moreover, SERS, as a noninvasive imaging technique, is able to monitor the process of nanoparticle uptake by single cell. Due to the diffraction limit of optical microscopy, SERS is unable to provide nanoscale imaging resolution. We then applied an AFM-based simultaneous Topography and RECognition (TREC) imaging technique to image EGFR with nanoscale resolution. TREC is first validated on mica surface and then successfully utilized to map the EGFR distribution in fixed and living breast cancer cells at single molecule level. In addition, we have explored the potential of a gadolinium-gold (Gd-Au) composite nanomaterial as a dual functional (MRI-SERS) imaging probe. Using this previous reported MRI contrast agent, we successfully apply SERS function in the detection of EGFR in three cancer cell lines.
The last part of the dissertation is to study fat-responsive G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120), and its interaction with linoleic acid (LA). We have synthesized a dual functional composite nanoparticle for SERS-fluorescence bimodal imaging of GRP120 in living HEK293 cells. By SERS-fluorescence imaging, we are able to locate GPR120 distribution in single cells. Moreover, we have observed a dose-dependent GPR120 response to LA treatments using SERS. This work demonstrates the potential to use SERS-fluorescence bimodal imaging technique for real-time detection of the interaction between fatty acids and their receptors (e.g. GPR120, CD36).
The coupling flow of N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory
Creators: name: Rupprecht, Maximilian
Publisher: name: Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Extended Supersymmetry
subject: Global Symmetries
subject: Supersymmetric Gauge Theory
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We offer a novel perspective on N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory through the framework of the Nicolai map, a transformation of the bosonic fields that allows one to compute quantum correlators in terms of a free, purely bosonic functional measure. Generally, any Nicolai map is obtained through a path-ordered exponential of the so-called coupling flow operator. The latter can be canonically constructed in any gauge using an N = 1 off-shell superfield formulation of N = 4 SYM, or alternatively through dimensional reduction of the result from N = 1 D = 10 SYM, in which case we need to restrict to the Landau gauge. We propose a general theory of the N = 4 coupling flow operator, arguing that it exhibits an ambiguity in form of an R-symmetry freedom given by the Lie algebra su(4). This theory incorporates our two construction approaches as special points in su(4) and defines a broad class of Nicolai maps for N = 4 SYM.
Highly anisotropic mechanical and optical properties of 2D NbOX2 (X = Cl, Br, I) revealed by first-principle
Creators: name: Mortazavi, Bohayra
name: Shahrokhi, Masoud
name: Javvaji, Brahmanandam
name: Shapeev, Alexander V.
name: Zhuang, Xiaoying
Publisher: name: Bristol : IOP Publ.
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 2D NbOI 2
subject: anisotropic
subject: mechanical
subject: optical
subject: photocatalysis
subject: semiconductor
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: In the latest experimental success, NbOI2 two-dimensional (2D) crystals with anisotropic electronic and optical properties have been fabricated (Adv. Mater. 33 (2021), 2101505). In this work inspired by the aforementioned accomplishment, we conduct first-principles calculations to explore the mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of NbOX2 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanosheets. We show that individual layers in these systems are weakly bonded, with exfoliation energies of 0.22, 0.23, and 0.24 J m-2, for the isolation of the NbOCl2, NbOBr2, and NbOI2 monolayers, respectively, distinctly lower than those of the graphene. The optoelectronic properties of the single-layer, bilayer, and bulk NbOCl2, NbOBr2, and NbOI2 crystals are investigated via density functional theory calculations with the HSE06 approach. Our results indicate that the layered bulk NbOCl2, NbOBr2, and NbOI2 crystals are indirect gap semiconductors, with band gaps of 1.79, 1.69, and 1.60 eV, respectively. We found a slight increase in the electronic gap for the monolayer and bilayer systems due to electron confinement at the nanoscale. Our results show that the monolayer and bilayer of these novel 2D compounds show suitable valence and conduction band edge positions for visible-light-driven water splitting reactions. The first absorption peaks of these novel monolayers along the in-plane polarization are located in the visible range of light which can be a promising feature to design advanced nanoelectronics. We found that the studied 2D systems exhibit highly anisotropic mechanical and optical properties. The presented first-principles results provide a comprehensive vision about direction-dependent mechanical and optical properties of NbOX2 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanosheets.
Effects of Alpha-Element Enhancement and the Thermally Pulsing-Asymptotic Giant Branch on Surface Brightness Fluctuation Magnitudes and Broadband Colors
Creators: name: Lee, Hyun-chul
name: Worthey, Guy
name: Blakeslee, John P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effects of alpha-element enhancement and the thermally pulsing-asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) stars on the surface brightness fluctuation (SBF) magnitudes and broadband colors of simple stellar populations and compare to the empirical calibrations. We consider a broad range of ages and metallicities using the recently updated Teramo BaSTI isochrones. We find that the alpha-element enhanced I-band SBF magnitudes are about 0.35 mag brighter and their integrated V - I colors are about 0.02 mag redder, mostly because of oxygen enhancement effects on the upper red giant branch and asymptotic giant branch. We also demonstrate, using both the Teramo BaSTI and Padova isochrones, the acute sensitivity of SBF magnitudes to the presence of TP-AGB stars, particularly in the near-IR, but in the I-band as well. Empirical SBF trends therefore hold great promise for constraining this important but still highly uncertain stage of stellar evolution. In a similar vein, non-negligible disparities are found among several different models available in the literature due to intrinsic model uncertainties.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, 15 figures
title: Clinician Recasts and Production of Complex Syntax by Children With and Without Specific Language Impairment
Creators: name: Wada, Rebekah
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: Studies have indicated that separate use of the technique of priming and recasting can increase the use of complex syntax by children with and without specific language impairment (SLI). The current study was devised to examine whether children with SLI differ from children who are typically developing (TD) in the use of relative clauses in response to an intervention composed of a combination of priming and recasting. Twenty-six children (13 with SLI and 13 TD) ranging in age from 6 years, 10 months to 10 years, 11 months participated in the study. Forty pairs of stimulus pictures and sentences for each relative clause type (SR and OR) were created. The examiner presented the picture and read a sentence to the participant. Next, a new picture was shown and the participant created a sentence. The examiner then recasted the participants’ responses into the desired syntactic form. A preliminary ANOVA for the trials to criteria (3 out of 4 consecutive correct responses) for the subject relative and object relative clauses revealed nonsignificant main effects for Order and Group by Order interactions. A two-way mixed ANOVA was conducted to assess differences between the two groups and the two sentence types when compared with the trials to criteria scores. There was a significant effect for group where the SLI group required more trials to reach the criteria for both sentence types than the TD group. Additionally, the subject relative sentences were easier for the participants in both groups (TD and SLI) than the object relative sentences. A regression analysis conducted to predict the trials to criteria scores for both sentence types using the participants’ age, CELF raw score, and UNIT raw score revealed that the CELF raw score was significantly related to the trails to criteria score for the two sentence types. When additional analysis of the group and sentence type interaction was completed with the CELF raw score as a covariate, the group main effect was no longer significant. Analyses of the error patterns observed in the sentences produced by the participants as well as implications of the results are discussed.
Global existence in reaction–diffusion systems with mass control under relaxed assumptions merely referring to cross-absorptive effects
Creators: name: Lankeit, Johannes
name: Winkler, Michael
Publisher: name: Basel : Springer
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Global existence
subject: Reaction–diffusion equation
subject: Renormalized solution
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::510 | Mathematik

description: We introduce a generalized concept of solutions for reaction–diffusion systems and prove their global existence. The only restriction on the reaction function beyond regularity, quasipositivity and mass control is special in that it merely controls the growth of cross-absorptive terms. The result covers nonlinear diffusion and does not rely on an entropy estimate.
The characteristics of the superconducting and magnetic phases in the polycrystalline samples of ruthenocuprates of nominal compositions RuSr2GdCu2O8, Ru0.98Sr2GdCu2O8 and Ru0.5Sr2GdCu2.5O8-d
Creators: name: Klamut, Piotr W.
name: Plackowski, Tomasz
name: Matusiak, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temperature dependencies of the resistivity for the superconducting ruthenocuprates of nominal compositions RuSr2GdCu2O8, Ru0.98Sr2GdCu2O8 and Ru0.5Sr2GdCu2.5O8-d were examined for the magnetic field dependent characteristics of the superconducting transitions. The effect of the insignificant diminishing of the Ru/Cu ratio in parent RuSr2GdCu2O8 was confirmed as relevant for the stabilisation of the superconducting phase. Noted differences in the compared characteristics are interpreted for possible inhomogeneous nucleation of the superconducting phase in the parent ruthenocuprate. The phase anisotropy in RuSr2GdCu2O8 and Ru0.98Sr2GdCu2O8 , in presence of the compounds Ru magnetism, appears to be a cause of a significant softening of the Hc2(T) phase line. An anomalous lowering of the magneto-resistivity was observed in the approx. 10 K range above the onset of the superconducting transition, which may suggest the presence of enhanced superconducting fluctuations in the samples. The positive magnetic field shift of the temperatures, which limit the magneto-resistivity and the specific heat signatures of the magnetic ordered state of the Ru sub-lattice, suggests probing the influence of the ferromagnetic Ru interactions in an effective metallic-like conduction channel present in the samples. Superconducting characteristics of the Ru0.5Sr2GdCu2.5O8-d reveal a significant contribution of the Gd paramagnetic signal at low temperatures, interpreted for the presence of a significant anisotropy of the superconducting phase. It is concluded that the Ru-Cu substituted phases of ruthenocuprates may present an opportunity to investigate the effectively anisotropic superconducting phase despite its comparatively high Tc in the compounds related to the 123-type cuprate superconductor.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication
MPEC 2023-Y01 : 2023 XR14
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 XR14

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Reanalysis of the process of the cascade gamma decay of compound state of $^{198}$Au
Creators: name: Sukhovoj, A. M.
name: Khitrov, V. A.
name: Crawford, B. E.
name: Stephenson, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To further study the "pygmy" resonance phenomena in the photon strength function, we reanalyzed the two-step cascade data for the target nucleus $^{197}$Au using the Dubna group approach. The range of obtained values allows for meaningful conclusions: the level density at low excitation energy shows a step-like behavior; the electric dipole photon strength function has a broad maximum around $E_γ=5$ MeV and is not typical of a "pygmy" resonance; the level density below $B_{n}$ also demonstrates step-like behavior.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Search for the electric dipole moment of the electron with thorium monoxide
Creators: name: Vutha, Amar C.
name: Campbell, Wesley C.
name: Gurevich, Yulia V.
name: Hutzler, Nicholas R.
name: Parsons, Maxwell
name: Patterson, David
name: Petrik, Elizabeth
name: Spaun, Benjamin
name: Doyle, John M.
name: Gabrielse, Gerald
name: DeMille, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electric dipole moment of the electron (eEDM) is a signature of CP-violating physics beyond the Standard Model. We describe an ongoing experiment to measure or set improved limits to the eEDM, using a cold beam of thorium monoxide (ThO) molecules. The metastable $H {}^3Δ_1$ state in ThO has important advantages for such an experiment. We argue that the statistical uncertainty of an eEDM measurement could be improved by as much as 3 orders of magnitude compared to the current experimental limit, in a first-generation apparatus using a cold ThO beam. We describe our measurements of the $H$ state lifetime and the production of ThO molecules in a beam, which provide crucial data for the eEDM sensitivity estimate. ThO also has ideal properties for the rejection of a number of known systematic errors; these properties and their implications are described.
description: v2: Equation (11) corrected
On Morphisms Between Connected Commutative Algebraic Groups over a Field of Characteristic 0
Creators: name: Dill, Gabriel A.
Publisher: name: Boston, Mass. : Birkhäuser
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Group varieties
subject: Other algebraic groups (geometric aspects)
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::510 | Mathematik

description: Let K be a field of characteristic 0 and let G and H be connected commutative algebraic groups over K. Let Mor0(G,H) denote the set of morphisms of algebraic varieties G → H that map the neutral element to the neutral element. We construct a natural retraction from Mor0(G,H) to Hom(G,H) (for arbitrary G and H) which commutes with the composition and addition of morphisms. In particular, if G and H are isomorphic as algebraic varieties, then they are isomorphic as algebraic groups. If G has no non-trivial unipotent group as a direct factor, we give an explicit description of the sets of all morphisms and isomorphisms of algebraic varieties between G and H. We also characterize all connected commutative algebraic groups over K whose only variety automorphisms are compositions of automorphisms of algebraic groups with translations.
title: A Data-intensive Assessment of the Species Abundance Distribution
Creators: name: Baldridge, Elita
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2013

description: The hollow curve species abundance distribution describes the pattern of large numbers of rare species and a small number of common species in a community. The species abundance distribution is one of the most ubiquitous patterns in nature and many models have been proposed to explain the mechanisms that generate this pattern. While there have been numerous comparisons of species abundance distribution models, most of these comparisons only use a small subset of available models, focus on a single ecosystem or taxonomic group, and fail to use the most appropriate statistical methods. This makes it difficult to draw general conclusions about which, if any, models provide the best empirical fit to species abundance distributions. I compiled data from the literature to significantly expand the available data for underrepresented taxonomic groups, and combined this with other macroecological datasets to perform comprehensive model comparisons for the species abundance distribution. A multiple model comparison showed that most available models for the species abundance distribution fit the data equivalently well across a diverse array of ecosystems and taxonomic groups. In addition, a targeted comparison of the species abundance distribution predicted by a major ecological theory, the unified neutral theory of biodiversity (neutral theory), against a non-neutral model of species abundance, demonstrates that it is difficult to distinguish between these two classes of theory based on patterns in the species abundance distribution. In concert, these studies call into question the potential for using the species abundance distribution to infer the processes operating in ecological systems.
Tool wear when using natural rocks as cutting material for the turning of aluminum alloys and plastics
Creators: name: Breidenstein, Bernd
name: Denkena, Berend
name: Bergmann, Benjamin
name: Picker, Tobias
name: Wolters, Philipp
Publisher: name: Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cutting tools
subject: Indexable inserts
subject: Natural rocks
subject: Turning
subject: Wear
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: The growing challenges regarding climate-neutral and resource-saving manufacturing technology is forcing research and development to work out new cutting tool alternatives since the production of conventional cutting materials requires rare raw materials and huge amounts of energy. Natural rocks could be such an alternative since they are available in large quantities worldwide, have a potentially suitable property profile, and do not require energy-intensive processes to make them usable as cutting material. However, according to the current state of knowledge, there are only a few studies on the usability and suitability of natural rocks as cutting materials for machining processes. Therefore, in this article, inserts made of natural rocks are ground and used in turning operations. Their operational behavior is then described by the occurring tool wear and workpiece surface roughness. The influence of different natural rocks, process parameters as well as cutting edge microgeometries is compared after the machining of aluminum alloys and plastic. In the end, this made it possible to define process and tool properties in which natural rocks have application potential.
title: Auf zu neuen Ufern! - Rückschau auf das Symposium "Analog | Digital | Integriert: Kompetenzorientiertes Prüfen der Zukunft"
Creators: name: Bachmaier, Regine
name: Hawelka, Birgit
Publisher: name: Zentrum für Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsdidaktik, Universität Regensburg
Year: 2023

description: Der Beitrag fasst ausgewählte Ergebnisse und Erkenntnisse des Symposiums "Analog | Digital | Integriert: Kompetenzorientiertes Prüfen der Zukunft" zusammen.
MPEC 2023-Y02 : 2023 XS14
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 XS14

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
title: Input Substitution in the Coal-Fired Electric Power Industry
Creators: name: Fatoorehchie, Mohammad
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1979

description: A gradual increase in the price of oil, a decline in the supply of gas, and a lag in nuclear construction leaves coal (a potential major resource for the future energy needs) as a fuel in ample supply. The major portion of the United States' electricity is generated by steam-driven generators where steam is produced by fossil fuel-fired boilers. In 1978, 47 percent of the total electricity generation was fueled by coal, up from 43 percent in 1975. Use of coal in generation of electricity has spawned numerous research projects concerning the economics of the coal-fired electric power industry.
The majority of the empirical works employed estimates of cost or production functions derived from the traditional strong separable functions (i.e., Cobb-Douglas or Constant Elasticity Substitution models). In the case of multiple-output, multiple-input models, constancy of elasticity of substitution proves to be highly restrictive. Limitations of conventional models have motivated the use of more general models, specifically the transcendental logarithmic function which imposes no separability restriction a priori.
Absence of new empirical studies for the industry, provides sufficient justification for the empirical study of the economic relationship between inputs and outputs in the coal-fired electric power industry. Also absent in previous works is the element of machine mix and air pollution control factors. The analysis of substitution possibilities between inputs and the existence of a technological change from the objectives of the present study. Substitution and price demand elasticities are estimated which provide guidelines and useful information for planning and design of optimally more efficient coal-fired power plants. These estimated elasticities can be used to analyze the impacts of some selected government or industry policies, or they can provide guidance in further policy development and research.
A transcendental logarithmic multiple-input, multiple-output cost function is adapted to the cross-section data of the coal-fired electric power industry for 1973 at the plant level. The maximum-likelihood ratio test is used to empirically test the validity of various restrictions on the productive structure. The model used in this study provides for a share-specific elasticity to be computed for each price and share observation.
Results drawn from this study suggest that models with constant elasticity of substitution (i.e., Cobb-Douglas, and the Constant Elasticity Substitution and Separable models) do not appropriately represent the structure of the United States' coal-fired electric power industry. Although the empirical findings at the industry level provide substitution possibilities can be found for several vintages. Scale economies are present; and contrary to the findings for the power industry, it was found that the coal-fired power plants do not operate on the flat portion of the average cost curve.
Iterated primitives of logarithmic powers
Creators: name: Medina, Luis A.
name: Moll, Victor H.
name: Rowland, Eric S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A09, 11A25

description: The evaluation of iterated primitives of powers of logarithms is expressed in closed form. The expressions contain polynomials with coefficients given in terms of the harmonic numbers and their generalizations. The logconcavity of these polynomials is established.
description: 11 pages
Adolescent participants in a wilderness-based challenge : an evaluation of a primary and secondary prevention program
Creators: name: Sveen, RL
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: A theoretical eclectic model adopting a preventive approach to address adolescents at-risk of offending was created. Salient features were then utilised to assess a primary and secondary prevention program in practice. The sample (N = 62) consisted of 44 male and 18 female voluntary adolescents between 15 and 25 years of age, from all geographical areas within Tasmania, Australia. Conducted between September 1992 and October 1994, the study utilised a quasi-experimental recurrent institutional, non-parametric (pre-post- follow-up) design as a control measure, to gauge maturational changes over a 12 month period of 11 groups of participants. Program effect was established through significant post minus pre participant general self-esteem and self-actualisation gain scores. Subsequent gender analysis found that female participants attained greater initial short-term gains in areas of social self-esteem (new peer relationships) and self-actualisation (personal insights). Conversely, longitudinal gains (pre to follow) were evidenced in the male sample in areas of general and personal self-esteem. Cross-sectional age-maturational analysis found significant personal self-esteem (happiness) gains achieved longitudinally by the early (i.e. 13-15) and in the short-term by the late (i.e. 19-21) adolescent groups of both genders. On the basis of these results, it is posited that the gender neutral physical demands of this wilderness-based program assisted female adolescent participants in gaining a more accurate and positive understanding of their social and personal attributes and abilities. Adolescent males appear to begin the program with an overestimation of their physical selves. Post activity loss of bravado occurs amongst male peers, potentially signalling a less competitive atmosphere and possible opportunity for development of self. The effect of this program as a catalyst preventing primary participants initial contact with court proceedings and reducing secondary prevention participants further involvement over a twelve month period was substantiated. The program provides the stimulus to assist with the actualisation of potential, manifesting most significantly within the community in educational and employment outcomes by 68% of the participants within this sample. It is surmised that this process works as an 'anti-depressant inoculation' particularly for the more mature, in that psychological strength is attained positively influencing post behavioural patterns. Perhaps an alternative perspective is that post course euphoria leaves a lingering positive effect. Recommendations for future research are included.
Theory-guided data science : combining machine learning with domain expertise to predict springflow
Creators: name: Pease, Emily Camille
name: 0000-0001-8295-1632
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Hydrology
Springflow
Data science
Machine learning
Comal Springs
Edwards Aquifer
Central Texas
Feature engineering
Artificial intelligence

description: Traditionally, science follows a theory-based approach through which physical equations are used to model natural phenomena. In this recent era of artificial intelligence and "big data", there is a shift into a new paradigm of scientific discovery. The paradigm of theory-guided data science (TGDS) enables scientists to perform data science modeling while retaining their domain expertise to produce informed results consistent with the physical system. Predicting springflow discharge from Comal Springs using machine learning was determined to be an appropriate case study. The Edwards Aquifer in central Texas serves as the primary water supply for over 1.5 million Texans, providing water for recreational activities, businesses, and down-stream users. Additionally, these waters serve as a home to many aquatic species, eight of which are endangered or threatened. Quantifying springflow is essential in regulating groundwater resources in the Edwards Aquifer, especially during drought conditions. Here, a theory-guided predictive machine learning model for springflow estimation at Comal Springs is developed. First, feature engineering is performed to discover relations between data available in the Edwards Aquifer region, selected through theory-guided parameter initialization. Next, multiple machine learning models were explored and tested in their ability to model a complex springs system. Finally, theory-guided refinement of data science outputs was performed to make the model results consistent with what is possible in nature.
Only a trickle? Blood in detail and three women's films
Creators: name: Field, E
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis constructs an analysis of the representation of blood in a selection of American films. This analysis does not aim to construct a representative theory of blood, rather, it examines discrete instances and certain relationships between a mainstream discourse of blood and various resistances presented by women film directors. In particular these films present critical approaches to blood at the level of mise-en-scene. The specific presentation of blood works in ways that resist a realist and masculinist tradition that codes blood as a marker of the feminine. An analysis of blood in mise-en-scene is used to reflect upon wider questions of narrative. I use this methodology in the absence of film criticism identifying blood as a specific object of extended analysis. Three theoretical essays form a general backdrop to the project: Barbara Creed's influential study of horror, The Monstrous Feminine: Film, Feminism, Psychoanalysis, where blood indicates abjection, castration and the femme castratrice; Steve Neale's essay 'Masculinity as Spectacle' that reads blood as indicating disavowed homoeroticism and doomed narcissism in the Western; and Teresa de Lauretis's essay 'Desire in Narrative' where blood is a marker of the story of the mythological male subject. I isolate two films; Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho (1960) and Martin Scorsese's 'Taxi Driver'(1976) as inaugurating certain mainstream aesthetics of libidinal violence. Blood here is the paint of penetration and distorted pleasure, however blood also serves to erase a female narrative. In the three films that form the focus of the project, blood is frequently an intertextual key that undoes the overdetermined patterns it speaks to. Bette Gordon's Variety (1983) and Kathryn Bigelow's Blue Steel (1990) evoke scenes from Taxi Driver and Psycho. In Variety sex and blood are the red herrings to an open ended investigation into the scene of pornography. Blue Steel explores the allure of the gun for a female protagonist while detaching the gun from blood as libidinal. While both Variety and Blue Steel intervene into existing structures and genres, Maya Deren's Meshes of the Afternoon (1943) is an experimental film and defines itself in opposition to Hollywood cinema. However, this film serves as a postscript to the project in its poetic displacement of mise-en-scene and a female subject position. This film speaks to de Lauretis's concerns in 'Desire in Narrative' in its evocation of the myth of Perseus from the Medusa's point of view. Blood functions as a literal condensation of dreamed and lived events: it is ambivalent realisation of woman's figuration within cinematic myth.
Gauge invariant hydrogen atom Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Sun, Wei-Min
name: Chen, Xiang-Song
name: Lu, Xiao-Fu
name: Wang, Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For quantum mechanics of a charged particle in a classical external electromagnetic field, there is an apparent puzzle that the matrix element of the canonical momentum and Hamiltonian operators is gauge dependent. A resolution to this puzzle is recently provided by us in [2]. Based on the separation of the electromagnetic potential into pure gauge and gauge invariant parts, we have proposed a new set of momentum and Hamiltonian operators which satisfy both the requirement of gauge invariance and the relevant commutation relations. In this paper we report a check for the case of the hydrogen atom problem: Starting from the Hamiltonian of the coupled electron, proton and electromagnetic field, under the infinite proton mass approximation, we derive the gauge invariant hydrogen atom Hamiltonian and verify explicitly that this Hamiltonian is different from the Dirac Hamiltonian, which is the time translation generator of the system. The gauge invariant Hamiltonian is the energy operator, whose eigenvalue is the energy of the hydrogen atom. It is generally time-dependent. In this case, one can solve the energy eigenvalue equation at any specific instant of time. It is shown that the energy eigenvalues are gauge independent, and by suitably choosing the phase factor of the time-dependent eigenfunction, one can ensure that the time-dependent eigenfunction satisfies the Dirac equation.
description: 7 pages, revtex4, some further discussion on Dirac Hamiltonian and the gauge invariant Hamiltonian is added, one reference removed; new address of some of the authors added, final version to appear in Phys. Rev. A
title: The Economics of Fertility in Utah
Creators: name: Enomoto, Carl E.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1979

description: The purpose of this thesis are to determine the economic forces influencing birth rates in Utah and to compare their influences with those found in similar studies for the United States. To do this, an economic model describing fertility behavior was used. Data for the model was collected primarily from Census Bureau reports for the year 1970.
Archaeological investigations at Church Farm West, Ball Mill Quarry, Grimley
Creators: name: Webster, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2019

description: Worcestershire Archaeology Research Reports, 6
description: Work over several years up till 2009, revealed and investigated a large settlement of Iron Age and Romano-British date. Four complete enclosures with associated field systems and trackways revealed mainly pastoral activity, raising or coralling cattle and other livestock. Evidence for 7th to 8thc AD activity included a sunken featured building and pottery. The site provides an insight into the changing character of habitation in this part of the Severn Valley.
Mesoscopic organization reveals the constraints governing C. elegans nervous system
Creators: name: Pan, Raj Kumar
name: Chatterjee, Nivedita
name: Sinha, Sitabhra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the biggest challenges in biology is to understand how activity at the cellular level of neurons, as a result of their mutual interactions, leads to the observed behavior of an organism responding to a variety of environmental stimuli. Investigating the intermediate or mesoscopic level of organization in the nervous system is a vital step towards understanding how the integration of micro-level dynamics results in macro-level functioning. In this paper, we have considered the somatic nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, for which the entire neuronal connectivity diagram is known. We focus on the organization of the system into modules, i.e., neuronal groups having relatively higher connection density compared to that of the overall network. We show that this mesoscopic feature cannot be explained exclusively in terms of considerations, such as optimizing for resource constraints (viz., total wiring cost) and communication efficiency (i.e., network path length). Comparison with other complex networks designed for efficient transport (of signals or resources) implies that neuronal networks form a distinct class. This suggests that the principal function of the network, viz., processing of sensory information resulting in appropriate motor response, may be playing a vital role in determining the connection topology. Using modular spectral analysis, we make explicit the intimate relation between function and structure in the nervous system. This is further brought out by identifying functionally critical neurons purely on the basis of patterns of intra- and inter-modular connections. Our study reveals how the design of the nervous system reflects several constraints, including its key functional role as a processor of information.
description: Published version, Minor modifications, 16 pages, 9 figures
title: Mileage per First Service as Affected by Shape of Area and Number of Cows Serviced by a Technician of a Utah Artificial Breeding Association
Creators: name: Howell, Geren V.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1953

description: Artificial insemination of dairy cattle is one of the recent enterprises of dairymen in this area. It is an enterprise which has expanded rapidly and will likely continue to expand during the next few years. In this area the technician or inseminator collects from $6.00 to $10.00 at the time of first service. This entitles the dairyman to two repeat inseminations for that cow, if necessary, to get the cow pregnant. Of this amount the technician receives $2.75. A bonus payment is made so that technicians inseminating fewer than 500 cows receive a total payment of $3.60. The bonus payment per cow decreases gradually until at 1500 or more cows, no bonus is paid. Payment to the technician is intended to include the value of his time and the mileage necessary to either impregnate the cow or inseminate her three times.
Mileage per first service may be affected by size and shape of the area in which a technician operates. The pattern of cow distribution where cows are located in and around the communities may affect mileage. This mileage may be different than in an area with a block pattern of roads with cows located on the farms in all parts of the area. In many of the technician units a small number of first service may be different than in those units where a large number of cows are inseminated.
This study was undertaken to determine the mileage traveled to impregnate a cow as affected by the number of first services in a year. The relation of mileage to shape of are serviced by a technician and the number of first services within a year were also studied.
Non-equilibrium Fluctuation Relations in a Quantum Coherent Conductor
Creators: name: Nakamura, Shuji
name: Yamauchi, Yoshiaki
name: Hashisaka, Masayuki
name: Chida, Kensaku
name: Kobayashi, Kensuke
name: Ono, Teruo
name: Leturcq, Renaud
name: Ensslin, Klaus
name: Saito, Keiji
name: Utsumi, Yasuhiro
name: Gossard, Arthur C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrate the validity of non-equilibrium fluctuation relations by using a quantum coherent conductor. In equilibrium the fluctuation-dissipation relation leads to the correlation between current and current noise at the conductor, namely, Johnson-Nyqusit relation. When the conductor is voltage-biased so that the non-linear regime is entered, the fluctuation theorem has predicted similar non-equilibrium fluctuation relations, which hold true even when the Onsager-Casmir relations are broken in magnetic fields. Our experiments qualitatively validate the predictions as the first evidence of this theorem in the non-equilibrium quantum regime. In the appendix, we give simple deduction of the higher order correlations between the current and the current noise based on the fluctuation theorem.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures with 1-page appendix.