cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Selection of the Truncation Lag in Structural VARs (or VECMs) with Long-Run Restrictions
Creators: name: DeSerres, Alain
name: Guay, Alain
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1995

description: authors examine the issue of lag-length selection in the context of a structural vector autoregression (VAR) and a vector error-correction model with long-run restrictions. First, they show that imposing long-run restrictions implies, in general, a moving-average (MA) component in the stationary multivariate representation. Then they examine the sensitivity of estimates of the permanent and transitory components to the selection of the lag length required in a VAR system to approximate this MA component. In summary, they find that using a lag structure that is too short can lead to a significant estimation bias of the permanent and transitory components. In addition, in comparing four different lag-selection criteria, they find that the Schwarz information criterion systematically underperforms relative to the other tests. More generally, as the order of the VAR that best approximates the data-generating process increases, the sequence-based tests (Wald, likelihood ratio) tend to provide more reliable results than the information-based tests (Akaike, Schwarz).
description: Dans la présente étude, les auteurs examinent la question du choix des retards dans un modèle structurel d'autorégression vectorielle ou modèle vectoriel de correction des erreurs avec contraintes de long terme. Ils montrent tout d'abord que l'imposition de telles contraintes implique généralement qu'une composante de moyennes mobiles (MA) intervient dans la représentation stationnaire du modèle à plusieurs variables. Puis ils examinent le degré de sensibilité que les estimations des composantes permanente et temporaire du modèle doivent afficher par rapport au choix du retard dans un système autorégressif pour s'approcher de cette composante MA. En somme, ils trouvent que l'utilisation d'une structure de retard de trop courte durée peut entraîner une distorsion importante de l'estimation des composantes permanente et temporaire. En outre, une comparaison de quatre critères différents du choix des retards révèle que les tests axés sur le critère d'information de Schwarz produisent toujours des résultats moins probants que les autres. De façon générale, au fur et à mesure que s'accroît l'ordre du vecteur autorégressif qui fournit la meilleure approximation du processus de génération de données, les tests séquentiels (Wald, rapport des vraisemblances) tendent à produire des résultats plus fiables que ceux qui s'appuient sur les critères d'information (Akaike, Schwarz).
Incompatibility probability of random quantum measurements
Creators: name: Zhang, Lin
name: Xiang, Hua
name: Li-Jost, Xianqing
name: Fei, Shao-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Incompatibility of quantum measurements is of fundamental importance in quantum mechanics. It is closely related to many nonclassical phenomena such as Bell nonlocality, quantum uncertainty relations, and quantum steering. We study the necessary and sufficient conditions of quantum compatibility for a given collection of $n$ measurements in $d$-dimensional space. From the compatibility criterion for two-qubit measurements, we compute the incompatibility probability of a pair of independent random measurements. For a pair of unbiased random qubit measurements, we derive that the incompatibility probability is exactly $\frac35$. Detailed results are also presented in figures for pairs of general qubit measurements.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, LaTex
VLA cm-wave survey of young stellar objects in the Oph A cluster: constraining extreme UV- and X-ray-driven disk photo-evaporation -- A pathfinder for Square Kilometre Array studies
Creators: name: Coutens, A.
name: Liu, H. B.
name: Jiménez-Serra, I.
name: Bourke, T. L.
name: Forbrich, J.
name: Hoare, M.
name: Loinard, L.
name: Testi, L.
name: Audard, M.
name: Caselli, P.
name: Chacón-Tanarro, A.
name: Codella, C.
name: Di Francesco, J.
name: Fontani, F.
name: Hogerheijde, M.
name: Johansen, A.
name: Johnstone, D.
name: Maddison, S.
name: Panić, O.
name: Pérez, L. M.
name: Podio, L.
name: Punanova, A.
name: Rawlings, J. M. C.
name: Semenov, D.
name: Tazzari, M.
name: Tobin, J. J.
name: van der Wiel, M. H. D.
name: van Langevelde, H. J.
name: Vlemmings, W.
name: Walsh, C.
name: Wilner, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of young stellar objects (YSOs) in centimeter bands can probe the continuum emission from growing dust grains, ionized winds, and magnetospheric activity, which are intimately connected to the evolution of protoplanetary disks and the formation of planets. We have carried out sensitive continuum observations toward the Ophiuchus A star-forming region using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) at 10 GHz over a field-of-view of 6$'$ with a spatial resolution of $θ_{maj}$ $\times$ $θ_{min}$ $\sim$ 0.4$''$ $\times$ 0.2$''$. We achieved a 5 $μ$Jy beam$^{-1}$ root-mean-square noise level at the center of our mosaic field of view. Among the eighteen sources we detected, sixteen are YSOs (three Class 0, five Class I, six Class II, and two Class III) and two are extragalactic candidates. We find that thermal dust emission generally contributes less that 30% of the emission at 10 GHz. The radio emission is dominated by other types of emission such as gyro-synchrotron radiation from active magnetospheres, free-free emission from thermal jets, free-free emission from the outflowing photo-evaporated disk material, and/or synchrotron emission from accelerated cosmic-rays in jet or protostellar surface shocks. These different types of emission could not be clearly disentangled. Our non-detections towards Class II/III disks suggest that extreme UV-driven photoevaporation is insufficient to explain the disk dispersal, assuming that the contribution of UV photoevaporating stellar winds to radio flux does not evolve with time. The sensitivity of our data cannot exclude photoevaporation due to X-ray photons as an efficient mechanism for disk dispersal. Deeper surveys with the Square Kilometre Array will be able to provide strong constraints on disk photoevaporation.
description: Accepted in A&A
Machine learning driven adaptive optics photometry and astrometry
Creators: name: Ribeiro, Francisco
name: Garcia, Paulo
name: Cardoso, Jaime
name: Silva, Miguel
name: Davies, Richard
Publisher: name: Proceedings of AO4ELT7 conference 2023 - Editors: Thierry Fusco and Benoit Neichel
Year: 2023
Subjects: POINT SOURCE DETECTION
ADAPTIVE OPTICS
MACHINE LEARNING
OBJECT DETECTION
DEEP LEARNING
SIMULATED IMAGES
PHOTOMETRY

description: Photometry and astrometry of stellar clusters is a key methodology in contemporary astronomy. Adaptive optics images exhibit significant spatial and temporal variability in the point spread function, which is challenging for classical approaches. These rely on point spread function fitting to detect and compute photometric and astrometric quantities. Machine learning techniques are extremely popular due to their precision, reliability, and computational cost, and could outperform their counterparts, especially on datasets with significant noise and variance. This is the particular context of adaptive optics. Our goal is to develop an automatic point source detector that provides reliable and complete photometry and astrometry of stellar cluster fields. For that, we will use simulated adaptive optics images of clusters with the ground truth to train the network and to quantify: a) the source detection efficiency; b) the accuracy of the photometry and astrometry of machine learning driven algorithms compared to classical approaches.
Lastly, we show that the algorithm has a significantly higher source detection efficiency than classical approaches in simulated data. It also showcases reasonable performance in photometry.
LSS 1135: an O-Type Spectroscopic Binary in the galactic OB association Bochum 7
Creators: name: Corti, Mariela
name: Niemela, Virpi
name: Morrell, Nidia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From radial velocities derived from optical spectroscopic observations performed at CTIO, Chile, and CASLEO, Argentina, we have discovered that LSS 1135 is a single--lined O-type binary system with an orbital period of 2.7532 days. We present an analysis of the orbital elements of this system based on radial velocities of the He absorption lines. We classify the spectrum of LSS 1135 as O6.5V((f)). We also present spectral classifications and radial velocities for other seven OB stars in the region of Bochum 7, an OB association to which LSS 1135 belongs. Our data indicate a distance of 5.0 kpc for this star group.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, many tables, uses aa.cls version 4.05. Accepted for publication in A&A
title: Switching Between Chartists and Fundamentalists: A Markov Regime-Switching Approach
Creators: name: Vigfusson, Robert
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1996

description: Since the early 1980s, models based on economic fundamentals have been poor at explaining the movements in the exchange rate (Messe 1990). In response to this problem, Frankel and Froot (1988) developed a model that uses two approaches to forecast the exchange rate: the fundamentalist approach, which bases the forecast on economic fundamentals, and the chartist approach, which bases the forecast on the past behaviour of the exchange rate. This was an innovation, as only the fundamentalist approach had been used before.

A feature of the chartist-and-fundamentalist (c&f) model is that these two approaches' relative importance varies over time. Because this weighting is unobserved, the c&f model can not be estimated or tested using standard techniques. To overcome these difficulties and to test the model, the author uses Markov regime-switching techniques. He defines the two groups' different methods of forecasting as regimes and rewrites the c&f model as a regime-switching model.

The model is then used to test for c&f behaviour in the Canada-U.S. daily exchange rate between 1983 and 1992. The author finds favourable though inconclusive evidence for the c&f model and accordingly makes suggestions for further research.
description: Depuis le début des années 80, les modèles fondés sur les facteurs économiques fondamentaux n'ont guère contribué à expliquer les variations du taux de change (Messe 1990). Devant ce problème, Frankel et Froot (1988) ont élaboré un modèle dans lequel ils ont utilisé deux approches de prévision du taux de change : l'approche fondamentaliste, dans laquelle la prévision repose sur des facteurs économiques fondamentaux, et l'approche technique, où la prévision s'appuie sur le comportement passé du taux de change. Il s'agissait là d'une innovation car, auparavant, seule l'approche fondamentaliste était utilisée.

Une caractéristique propre au modèle fondamentaliste et technique (f et t) est que le poids relatif des deux composantes varie avec le temps. Comme cette pondération n'est pas observable, le modèle ne peut être estimé ni testé à l'aide des techniques standard. Pour surmonter ces difficultés et tester le modèle, l'auteur fait appel aux techniques de changement de régime de Markov. Il définit chacune des deux approches comme un différent régime de génération d'informations et transforme le modèle f et t en un modèle avec changement de régime.

Le modèle est ensuite utilisé pour tester le comportement du taux de change au jour le jour Canada-États-Unis pour la période 1983-1992. Les résultats favorables quoique non concluants du modèle amènent l'auteur à suggérer la poursuite des recherches.
MOESM2 of Gantenerumab reduces amyloid-β plaques in patients with prodromal to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: a PET substudy interim analysis
Creators: name: Klein, Gregory
name: Delmar, Paul
name: Voyle, Nicola
name: Rehal, Sunita
name: Hofmann, Carsten
name: Abi-Saab, Danielle
name: Andjelkovic, Mirjana
name: Ristic, Smiljana
name: Guoqiao Wang
name: Bateman, Randall
name: Kerchner, Geoffrey
name: Baudler, Monika
name: Fontoura, Paulo
name: Doody, Rachelle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. SUV Values for Week 104 Completers. Evaluation of cerebellar gray, pons, and white matter reference region SUVs compared with cortical target region SUVs show that SUVR change is primarily driven by changes in the target cortical regions.
Thermal History of the Early Universe and Primordial Gravitational Waves from Induced Scalar Perturbations
Creators: name: Hajkarim, Fazlollah
name: Schaffner-Bielich, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the induced primordial gravitational waves (GW) coming from the effect of scalar perturbation on the tensor perturbation at the second order of cosmological perturbation theory. We use the evolution of the standard model degrees of freedom with respect to temperature in the early Universe to compute the induced gravitational waves bakcground. Our result shows that the spectrum of the induced GW is affected differently by the standard model degrees of freedom than the GW coming from first order tensor perturbation. This phenomenon is due to the presence of scalar perturbations as a source for tensor perturbations and it is effective around the quark gluon deconfinement and electroweak transition. In case of considering a scalar spectral index larger than one at small scales or a non-Gaussian curvature power spectrum this effect can be observed by gravitational wave observatories.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Consumer Attitudes, Labeling Regimes and the Market Success of Food Nanotechnology
Creators: name: Tran, Van T.
name: Yiannaka, Amalia
name: Giannakas, Konstantinos
name: Tran, Van T.
name: Yiannaka, Amalia
name: Giannakas, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: food nanaotechnology
subject: nanofood
subject: heterogeneous consumers
subject: consumer attitudes
subject: consumer and producer welfare
subject: nanofood labeling

description: The study explores the market and welfare effects of the introduction of a food nanotechnology innovation under different labeling regimes. An analytical framework of heterogeneous consumers who differ in their attitudes towards interventions in the production process and imperfectly competitive producers is developed to analyze the effects of food nanotechnology under different labeling regimes while considering different consumer preferences for food nanotechnology. Analytical results show that high consumer valuation of the enhanced attributes of nanofoods can lead to consumer acceptance of nanofoods even when consumers are averse to nanotechnology. In most cases, the introduction of food nanotechnology leads to a reduction in the prices and quantities of the existing food alternatives with the price and quantity decreases being greater when nanotechnology adoption costs are low. When this happens, welfare is lower for non-adopting producers and greater for nanofood adopters and for all consumers; consumers who benefit the most from the introduction of food nanotechnology are those who switch their consumption to nanofoods. Finally, labeling regulation has an adverse impact on consumer welfare when consumers are averse to food nanotechnology. Under this case, producers of substitute food products experience welfare gains at the expense of nanofood producers. The results, yet, are intriguingly divergent if consumers have no knowledge of or are indifferent to food nanotechnology in the absence of labeling. Moreover, if consumers perceive food nanotechnology as less invasive than conventional food technology, welfare gains and losses might be realized by different groups of consumers and producers depending on the relative magnitude of the model parameters.
Dynamics and Scaling of 2D Polymers in a Dilute Solution
Creators: name: Falck, E.
name: Punkkinen, O.
name: Vattulainen, I.
name: Ala-Nissila, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The breakdown of dynamical scaling for a dilute polymer solution in 2D has been suggested by Shannon and Choy [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 79}, 1455 (1997)]. However, we show here both numerically and analytically that dynamical scaling holds when the finite-size dependence of the relevant dynamical quantities is properly taken into account. We carry out large-scale simulations in 2D for a polymer chain in a good solvent with full hydrodynamic interactions to verify dynamical scaling. This is achieved by novel mesoscopic simulation techniques.
MPEC 2024-C128 : DAILY ORBIT UPDATE (2024 February 12)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
On the Institutional Details that Mediate the Impact of Cash Crops on Food Crop Intensification: The Case of Cotton
Creators: name: Tschirley, David L.
name: Theriault, Veronique
name: Tschirley, David L.
name: Theriault, Veronique
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Intensification
subject: Institutional details
subject: cotton
subject: food crops
subject: conceptual framework

description: The surge in basic food commodity prices in 2007/08 and again in 2011, have led to a renewed focus among governments and donors on agricultural growth, especially in staple food production in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is widely agreed that smallholder-led agricultural growth would contribute most to improved food security and reduced poverty. Yet, how to achieve broader and more sustainable access by smallholder farmers to productivity enhancing inputs for food crop production remains a largely unsolved riddle. In light of the great institutional diversity across cotton sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa, this study investigates whether cotton market structures can be used to spur the intensification of smallholder food production. Especially, it examines how the particular institutional structure of a cotton sector might affect its ability to spur such growth in food crop intensification and productivity. With this aim, a conceptual framework linking cotton institutional structures to food crop intensification is first developed. Drawing on the literature, country experience is then reviewed and predictions from the conceptual framework are compared with empirical evidence.
Electrostatic Engineering of Nanotube Transistors for Improved Performance
Creators: name: Heinze, S.
name: Tersoff, J.
name: Avouris, Ph.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With decreasing device dimensions, the performance of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs) is limited by high Off currents except at low drain voltages. We show that an asymmetric design improves the performance, reducing Off currents and extending the usable range of drain voltage. The improvement is most dramatic for ambipolar Schottky-barrier CNFETs. Moreover, this approach allows a single device to exhibit equally good performance as an n- or p-type transistor, by changing only the sign of the drain voltage. Even for CNFETs having ohmic contacts, an asymmetric design can greatly improve the performance for small-bandgap nanotubes.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ФИНАНСОВОЙ СИСЕМЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, РИСКИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ.
Creators: name: Саидова, Лазиза
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Доступ к финансам является одним из ключевых факторов построения инклюзивной и устойчивой экономики.е технологии: торговля фьючерсами, опционами и ценными бумагами. Цифровые банковские услуги, электронные платежи и альтернативные модели финансирования способствовали преодолению традиционных барьеров, таких как географическая удалённость и административные издержки, которые часто мешают доступу к финансовым услугам.
MOESM2 of Comparative pathologic analysis of mediastinal B-cell lymphomas: selective expression of p63 but no GATA3 optimally differentiates primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma from classic Hodgkin lymphoma
Creators: name: Kim, Hyun-Jung
name: Kim, Hee
name: Gyeongsin Park
name: Min, Soo
name: Cha, Hee
name: Hyekyung Lee
name: Choi, Suk
name: Na, Hee
name: Choe, Ji-Young
name: Kim, Ji
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Expression of p63 and GATA3 between mediastinal and non-mediastinal B-cell lymphoma.
Variable polarization in the optical afterglow of GRB 021004
Creators: name: Rol, E.
name: Wijers, R. A. M. J.
name: Fynbo, J. P. U.
name: Hjorth, J.
name: Gorosabel, J.
name: Egholm, M. P.
name: Cerón, J. M. Castro
name: Castro-Tirado, A. J.
name: Kaper, L.
name: Masetti, N.
name: Palazzi, E.
name: Pian, E.
name: Tanvir, N.
name: Vreeswijk, P.
name: Kouveliotou, C.
name: Moller, P.
name: Pedersen, H.
name: Fruchter, A. S.
name: Rhoads, J.
name: Burud, I.
name: Salamanca, I.
name: Heuvel, E. P. J. Van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present polarimetric observations of the afterglow of gamma-ray burst (GRB) 021004, obtained with the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) and the Very Large Telescope (VLT) between 8 and 17 hours after the burst. Comparison among the observations shows a 45 degree change in the position angle from 9 hours after the burst to 16 hours after the burst, and comparison with published data from later epochs even shows a 90 degree change between 9 and 89 hours after the burst. The degree of linear polarization shows a marginal change, but is also consistent with being constant in time. In the context of currently available models for changes in the polarization of GRBs, a homogeneous jet with an early break time of t_b ~ 1 day provides a good explanation of our data. The break time is a factor 2 to 6 earlier than has been found from the analysis of the optical light curve. The change in the position angle of the polarization rules out a structured jet model for the GRB.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. Published in A&A letters
"Local is the New Organic": Do Consumers Agree?
Creators: name: Meas, Thong
name: Hu, Wuyang
name: Batte, Marvin T.
name: Woods, Timothy
name: Ernst, Stan
name: Meas, Thong
name: Hu, Wuyang
name: Batte, Marvin T.
name: Woods, Timothy
name: Ernst, Stan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: willingness-to-pay
subject: local and organic processed food products
subject: choice experiment
subject: conditional logit model
subject: Mixed Logit model
subject: processed food labels

description: There have been numerous studies and growing interests to identify consumer preferences and compare willingness-to-pay for different value-added food labels or attributes. This paper uses stated preference data from choice experiments in a mail survey in Kentucky and Ohio to analyze consumer preferences for a host of value-added attributes of processed blackberry jam. Results from the study confirm positive willingness-to-pay for both organic and local attributes as well as other label claims. However, consumers were found to be willing to pay less for organic blackberry jam than jam identified as being produced in smaller state regions. Furthermore, the study found some evidence of substitution between these two attributes, an issue receiving minimal attention in the existing literature.
From polymers to proteins -- novel phases of short compact tubes
Creators: name: Banavar, Jayanth R.
name: Maritan, Amos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Quantitative Biology (q-bio)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A framework is presented for understanding the common character of proteins. Proteins are linear chain molecules. However, the simple model of a polymer viewed as spheres tethered together does not account for many of the observed characteristics of protein structures. The authors show here that proteins may be regarded as tubes of nonzero thickness. This approach allows one to bridge the conventional compact polymer phase with a novel phase employed by Nature to house biomolecular structures. The continuum description of a tube (or a sheet) of arbitrary thickness entails using appropriately chosen many-body interactions rather than two-body interactions. The authors suggest that the structures of folded proteins are selected based on geometrical considerations and are poised at the edge of compaction, thus accounting for their versatility and flexibility. This approach also offers an explanation for why helices and sheets are the building blocks of protein structures.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures
title: Speculative Behaviour, Regime-Switching and Stock Market Crashes
Creators: name: van Norden, Simon
name: Schaller, Huntley
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1996

description: This paper uses regime-switching econometrics to study stock market crashes and to explore the ability of two very different economic explanations to account for historical crashes. The first explanation is based on historical accounts of "manias and panics." Its key features are that "overvaluation" increases the probability and expected size of a crash. Using U.S. data for 1926-89, we find considerable support for this model's predictions. The second explanation is based on switches in fundamentals. Simulations show that switching fundamentals can cause markets to mimic speculative behaviour. However, switches in fundamentals do not coincide with most stock market crashes.
description: Les auteurs utilisent des méthodes de régression avec changement de régime pour étudier les krachs et examiner la validité de deux thèses très différentes qui pourraient expliquer ceux qui sont survenus dans le passé. La première repose sur une description des épisodes antérieurs de folie spéculative et de panique. Son argument central est que la « surévaluation » accroît la probabilité et l'ampleur attendue des krachs. L'analyse des données américaines couvrant la période 1926-1989 appuie dans une large mesure les prédictions obtenues. La deuxième thèse est fondée sur la présence de changements de régime dans les déterminants fondamentaux. Selon les simulations effectuées, les changements de régime peuvent amener les marchés à se comporter comme s'il existait une bulle. Toutefois, ils ne coïncident généralement pas avec des krachs.
Deep reinforcement learning for complex evaluation of one-loop diagrams in quantum field theory
Creators: name: Windisch, Andreas
name: Gallien, Thomas
name: Schwarzlmueller, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we present a novel technique based on deep reinforcement learning that allows for numerical analytic continuation of integrals that are often encountered in one-loop diagrams in quantum field theory. In order to extract certain quantities of two-point functions, such as spectral densities, mass poles or multi-particle thresholds, it is necessary to perform an analytic continuation of the correlator in question. At one-loop level in Euclidean space, this results in the necessity to deform the integration contour of the loop integral in the complex plane of the square of the loop momentum, in order to avoid non-analyticities in the integration plane. Using a toy model for which an exact solution is known, we train a reinforcement learning agent to perform the required contour deformations. Our study shows great promise for an agent to be deployed in iterative numerical approaches used to compute non-perturbative 2-point functions, such as the quark propagator Dyson-Schwinger equation, or more generally, Fredholm equations of the second kind, in the complex domain.
MOESM1 of Gantenerumab reduces amyloid-β plaques in patients with prodromal to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: a PET substudy interim analysis
Creators: name: Klein, Gregory
name: Delmar, Paul
name: Voyle, Nicola
name: Rehal, Sunita
name: Hofmann, Carsten
name: Abi-Saab, Danielle
name: Andjelkovic, Mirjana
name: Ristic, Smiljana
name: Guoqiao Wang
name: Bateman, Randall
name: Kerchner, Geoffrey
name: Baudler, Monika
name: Fontoura, Paulo
name: Doody, Rachelle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Reduction in Amyloid Load in Patients Receiving High-Dose Gantenerumab (Week 104 Completers). Findings in Week 104 completers show continued reduction in amyloid load across groups over 104 weeks, consistent with the overall group.
The Influence of Dining Location on Adult Overweight and Obesity in Urban China
Creators: name: Liu, Haiyan
name: Wahl, Thomas I.
name: Bai, Junfei
name: Seale, James
name: Liu, Haiyan
name: Wahl, Thomas I.
name: Bai, Junfei
name: Seale, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: BMI
subject: Overweight and Obese
subject: Food Eating Location
subject: Dining Location
subject: Socio-economics
subject: China

description: Chinese have been experiencing dramatic changes in their body weight in the last ten years. Food service sector is believed to have significant effect on the rise of obesity in China. This paper analyses Body Mass Index (BMI) and overweight issue of adults 18 years and above in urban China with respect to food eating locations and other socio-economic and demographic variables. The data are from household surveys in three representative Chinese cities: Xi’an, Shenyang, and Xiamen. OLS is used to estimate the relationship between continuous BMI and food eating outlets, and an ordered probit model is fit to the categorical BMI. Findings indicate that the number of meals eaten at cafeterias significantly increases the probability of being overweight and obese while decreasing the probability of staying underweight and normal. The probability that a person in Xi’an, Shenyang and Xiamen is underweight and normal decreases by 0.25 and 0.49 percentage point respectively if consuming one additional meal at a cafeteria. And one unit increase in the number of meals ate at a cafeteria increases the probability to become overweight and obese by 0.55 and 0.19 percentage point correspondingly. The number of meals consumed at full service restaurants and fast food outlets are found to be insignificant on the body weight of Chinese adults. Education, household income and employment status all have significant effects on body weight change, as well as smoking status and physical activity.
Electronic structure and magnetism of Mn doped GaN
Creators: name: Sanyal, B.
name: Bengone, O.
name: Mirbt, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mn doped semiconductors are extremely interesting systems due to their novel magnetic properties suitable for the spintronics applications. It has been shown recently by both theory and experiment that Mn doped GaN systems have a very high Curie temperature compared to that of Mn doped GaAs systems. To understand the electronic and magnetic properties, we have studied Mn doped GaN system in detail by a first principles plane wave method. We show here the effect of varying Mn concentration on the electronic and magnetic properties. For dilute Mn concentration, $d$ states of Mn form an impurity band completely separated from the valence band states of the host GaN. This is in contrast to the Mn doped GaAs system where Mn $d$ states in the gap lie very close to the valence band edge and hybridizes strongly with the delocalized valence band states. To study the effects of electron correlation, LSDA+U calculations have been performed. Calculated exchange interaction in (Mn,Ga)N is short ranged in contrary to that in (Mn,Ga)As where the strength of the ferromagnetic coupling between Mn spins is not decreased substantially for large Mn-Mn separation. Also, the exchange interactions are anisotropic in different crystallographic directions due to the presence or absence of connectivity between Mn atoms through As bonds.
description: 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Additional file 1 of Small extracellular vesicles-transported lncRNA TDRKH-AS1 derived from AOPPs-treated trophoblasts initiates endothelial cells pyroptosis through PDIA4/DDIT4 axis in preeclampsia
Creators: name: Chen, Qian
name: He, Jiexing
name: Liu, Haihua
name: Huang, Qiuyu
name: Wang, Shuoshi
name: Yin, Ailan
name: Chen, Shuying
name: Shen, Xinyang
name: Xiao, Yanxuan
name: Hu, Haoyue
name: Jiang, Jiayi
name: Chen, Wenqian
name: Wang, Song
name: Huang, Zhenqin
name: Li, Jiaqi
name: Peng, You
name: Wang, Xiaocong
name: Yang, Xinping
name: Wang, Zhijian
name: Zhong, Mei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Detection of the expression levels of TDRKH-AS1 in cells and sEVs with different treatments. A The qRT-PCR quantification of TDRKH-AS1 expression in HTR8/SVneo cells transfected with full-length sequence of human TDRKH-AS1 and empty vector. B The qRT-PCR quantification of TDRKH-AS1 expression in sEVs and HUVECs treated with AOPPs and TDRKH-AS1 sEVs. C The qRT-PCR quantification of overexpress and knockdown TDRKH-AS1 expression in HUVECs transfected with lentivirus vectors. D The silvery staining of the gel with the proteins pulled down by TDRKH-AS1 and antisense RNA. E qRT-PCR and western blotting used to examine the PDIA4 expression levels transfected with overexpressing and knockdown lentivirus vectors in HUVECs. F The expression of DDIT4 detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting in HUVECs with transfection with pcDNA3.1- DDIT4 and siRNAs. **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05.
title: Dai principi alla pratica: gestire i dati della ricerca
Creators: name: Caldoni, Giulia
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2024

description: Nell’ambito del ciclo “Open Science Corner”, che affronta le buone pratiche alla base della corretta gestione del dato di ricerca, l’incontro “Dai principi alla pratica: gestire i dati della ricerca” intende partire dalle definizioni dei concetti fondamentali per offrire ai ricercatori una panoramica su come orientarsi nella gestione dei dati di ricerca.
Brownian motion and beyond: first-passage, power spectrum, non-Gaussianity, and anomalous diffusion
Creators: name: Metzler, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Brownian motion is a ubiquitous physical phenomenon across the sciences. After its discovery by Brown and intensive study since the first half of the 20th century, many different aspects of Brownian motion and stochastic processes in general have been addressed in Statistical Physics. In particular, there now exist a very large range of applications of stochastic processes in various disciplines. Here, we highlight some of the advances in stochastic processes prompted by novel experimental methods such as superresolution microscopy. Here we provide a summary of some of the recent developments highlighting both the experimental findings and theoretical frameworks.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures, StatPhys27 special issue
The 160 Square Degree ROSAT Survey: the Revised Catalog of 201 Clusters with Spectroscopic Redshifts
Creators: name: Mullis, C. R.
name: McNamara, B. R.
name: Quintana, H.
name: Vikhlinin, A.
name: Henry, J. P.
name: Gioia, I. M.
name: Hornstrup, A.
name: Forman, W.
name: Jones, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the revised catalog of galaxy clusters detected as extended X-ray sources in the 160 Square Degree ROSAT Survey, including spectroscopic redshifts and X-ray luminosities for 200 of the 201 members. The median redshift is z~0.25 and the median X-ray luminosity is 4.2e+43 erg/s/h50^2 (0.5-2.0 keV). This is the largest high-redshift sample of X-ray selected clusters published to date. There are 73 objects at z>0.3 and 22 objects at z>0.5 drawn from a statistically complete flux-limited survey with a median object flux of 1.4d-13 erg/cm^2/s. We describe the optical follow-up of these clusters with an emphasis on our spectroscopy which has yielded 155 cluster redshifts, 110 of which are presented here for the first time. These measurements combined with 45 from the literature and other sources provide near-complete spectroscopic coverage for our survey. We discuss the final optical identifications for the extended X-ray sources in the survey region and compare our results to similar X-ray cluster searches.
description: 17 pages, 7 figs, accepted for publication in ApJ, a version with full resolution images is available at http://www.eso.org/~cmullis/papers/160sd-catalog.ps.gz, machine-readable versions of the catalog are available at http://www.eso.org/~cmullis/research/160sd-catalog.html
Can Thin Disks Produce Anomalous X-Ray Pulsars?
Creators: name: Eksi, K. Yavuz
name: Alpar, M. Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate whether young neutron stars with fall-back disks can produce Anomalous X-Ray Pulsars (AXPs) within timescales indicated by the ages of associated supernova remnants. The system passes through a propeller stage before emerging as an AXP or a radio pulsar. The evolution of the disk is described by a diffusion equation which has self-similar solutions with either angular momentum or total mass of the disk conserved. We associate these two types of solutions with accretor and propeller regimes, respectively. Our numerical calculations of thin disk models with changing inner radius take into account the super-critical accretion at the early stages, and electron scattering and bound-free opacities with rich metal content. Our results show that, assuming a fraction of the mass inflow is accreted onto the neutron star, the fall-back disk scenario can produce AXPs for acceptable parameters.
description: 16 pages, 4 Figures, to be published in Astrophysical Journal Vol. 599, Dec. 10
title: A Modified P*-Model of Inflation Based on M1
Creators: name: Atta-Mensah, Joseph
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1996

description: This paper examines the performance of M1 in an indicator-model of inflation over time horizons as long as 16 quarters into the future. The central conclusion of the paper is that, in addition to the output gap, the cumulative growth of M1 and the deviations of M1 from its long-run path provide "distant-early-warning" information about the future path of inflation.
description: L'auteur cherche à évaluer le rôle joué par l'agrégat M1 dans un modèle indicateur servant à la prévision du taux d'inflation sur un horizon pouvant aller jusqu'à seize trimestres. Sa principale conclusion est que, à l'instar de l'écart de production, la croissance cumulative de M1 et les écarts de cet agrégat par rapport à son sentier de long terme renferment des éléments d'information sur l'évolution de l'inflation à long terme.
Chatter Diagnosis in Milling Using Supervised Learning and Topological Features Vector
Creators: name: Yesilli, Melih C.
name: Tymochko, Sarah
name: Khasawneh, Firas A.
name: Munch, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Chatter detection has become a prominent subject of interest due to its effect on cutting tool life, surface finish and spindle of machine tool. Most of the existing methods in chatter detection literature are based on signal processing and signal decomposition. In this study, we use topological features of data simulating cutting tool vibrations, combined with four supervised machine learning algorithms to diagnose chatter in the milling process. Persistence diagrams, a method of representing topological features, are not easily used in the context of machine learning, so they must be transformed into a form that is more amenable. Specifically, we will focus on two different methods for featurizing persistence diagrams, Carlsson coordinates and template functions. In this paper, we provide classification results for simulated data from various cutting configurations, including upmilling and downmilling, in addition to the same data with some added noise. Our results show that Carlsson Coordinates and Template Functions yield accuracies as high as 96% and 95%, respectively. We also provide evidence that these topological methods are noise robust descriptors for chatter detection.
Excess current in superconducting Sr$_2$RuO$_4$
Creators: name: Laube, F.
name: Goll, G.
name: Eschrig, M.
name: Fogelström, M.
name: Werner, Ralph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from point-contact measurements on Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ that show a linear dependence of the excess current as a function of temperature and applied magnetic fields over a surprisingly wide range of the phase diagram. We propose an explanation of this finding in terms of a p-wave triplet-pairing state with coupling to a low-energy fluctuation mode. Within this model we obtain a quantitative description of the temperature dependence of the excess current. The impact of surface effects on order parameter and excess current is addressed.
description: 4 pages REVTeX, 3 figures; Using a modified p-wave model are able to reproduce the linear temperature dependence of the excess current. This is discussed in a new paragraph
On Technological Change in Crop Yields
Creators: name: Tolhurst, Tor
name: Ker, Alan P.
name: Tolhurst, Tor
name: Ker, Alan P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Technological change in plant research rarely shifts the entire yield distribution upwards as assumed in the agricultural economics literature. Rather, technologies have been targeted at a specific subpopulation of the yield distribution--for example, drought resistant seeds or so-called racehorse seeds--therefore, it is unlikely technological advancements are equal across subpopulations. In this manuscript we introduce a mixture model of crop yields with an embedded trend function in the component means, which allows different rates of technological change in each mixture or subpopulation. By doing so, we can test some interesting hypotheses that have been previously untestable. While previous literature assumes an equivalent rate of technological change across subpopulations we reject the null in 84.0%, 82.3%, and 64.0% of the counties for corn, soybean, and wheat respectively. Conversely, with respect to stable subpopulations through time (i.e. climate change) we reject in only 12.0%, 5.4%, and 4.6% of the counties for corn, soybean, and wheat respectively. These results have implications for modelling yields, directing funds regarding plant science research, and explaining the prevalence of heteroscedasticity in yield data.
Emergency Nursing and Patient Violence
Creators: name: Bertrand, Allison
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2021
Subjects: Violence
Nurses
Emergency

description: Nurses are at an increased risk for violence from patients compared to other healthcare professionals working in hospital emergency departments. In this setting, there are multiple factors contributing to patient violence including long wait-times, overcrowding, insufficient staffing, and lack of security personnel. This violence can be verbal, physical, or sexual in nature, and may result in psychological, emotional, cognitive, and social consequences. While there is an abundance of literature that explores how nurses working in the emergency department experience patient violence, less is known about how patient violence affects their day-to-day nursing practice. The purpose of this study was to explore how nurses working in Ontario emergency departments who have experienced patient violence enact their nursing care. This was an interpretive description qualitative study using semi-structured, conversation-style telephone interviews, set in Ontario, Canada. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. The participants’ experiences with patient violence and its effect on their nursing care were described using four categories and seven subcategories: ‘Violent Context’ (Leadership), (Wait-Times), (Security Measures), ‘Being Responsible’ (Work Family), ‘Violent Patients’ (Patient for Whom we Anticipate Violence), (Patients who Surprise Us), and ‘Adapting their Practice’ (Engaging with Patients). Nurses working in the emergency department describe frequent occurances of physical and verbal violence as part of their daily practice. This violence leads to emotional and psychological consequences, as well as changes to their nursing care and interactions with future patients. Inconsistencies in hospital policies, resources, and supports create an environment where nurses are often left to manage both the violent encounter and their personal and professional responses.