cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Narrative competence and epistemological beliefs of German Swiss prospective history teachers: A situated relationship
Creators: name: Nitsche, Martin
name: Waldis Weber, Monika
Publisher: name: University of Newcastle
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 370 - Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: Few history education studies have indicated that school students’ epistemological beliefs affect their historical thinking and writing. Some research has suggested that history teaching could affect these aspects. Several history educators have assumed that (prospective) history teachers’ epistemological beliefs are related to their ways of teaching and to their ability to think historically. Yet evidence underpinning these assumptions is rare. To address this gap, we investigated how prospective German Swiss history teachers’ epistemological beliefs impacts their reading and writing abilities in terms of narrative competence. We therefore applied argumentative writing tasks to assess participants’ narrative competence and surveyed their epistemological beliefs and further contextual covariates (e.g., situational interest, number of history courses attended at university). Results show small effects of participants’ epistemological beliefs on their narrative competence, while their situational interest is more influential. Other contextual constructs (e.g., number of history courses attended at university) are also predictive. Overall, our results indicate that narrative competence and epistemological beliefs are correlated yet situated in contextual aspects.
“Hail, Ye Givers,” Sex and Gender in the Viking Age A discussion of Sex and Gender in Birka 581 and The Oseberg Burial
Creators: name: Blair, Zoe A
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sex and Gender
subject: Archaeology
subject: Viking Archaeology
subject: Viking
subject: Bioarchaeology
subject: osteobiography

description: Though much work has been done regarding sex and gender in history and prehistory, there lacks an interdisciplinary perspective regarding the use of textual sources of mythology-based religions combined with archaeological evidence. Utilizing the historical texts of the Poetic Edda and the sagas recorded in tandem with an osteobiographic approach, we can see evidence for a non-strict gender system that allows for mobility between traditionally male and female roles. Using the Birka 581 and Oseberg burials in combination with the religious mythology, it is clear that gender in the Viking age likely was not a simple binary but a spectrum that allowed for multiple expressions of gender.
An Improved Diversity Combining Receiver for Layered ACO-FOFDM in IM/DD Systems
Creators: name: Guo, Mengqi
name: Zhou, Ji
name: Tang, Xizi
name: Hu, Fan
name: Qi, Jia
name: Qiao, Yaojun
name: Yang, Aiying
name: Lu, Yueming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, an improved receiver based on diversity combining is proposed to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of layered asymmetrically clipped optical fast orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ACO-FOFDM) for intensity-modulated and direct-detected (IM/DD) optical transmission systems. Layered ACO-FOFDM can compensate the weakness of traditional ACO-FOFDM in low spectral efficiency, the utilization of discrete cosine transform in FOFDM system instead of fast Fourier transform in OFDM system can reduce the computational complexity without any influence on BER performance. The BER performances of layered ACO-FOFDM system with improved receiver based on diversity combining and DC-offset FOFDM (DCO-FOFDM) system with optimal DC-bias are compared at the same spectral efficiency. Simulation results show that under different optical bit energy to noise power ratios, layered ACO-FOFDM system with improved receiver has 2.86dB, 5.26dB and 5.72dB BER performance advantages at forward error correction limit over DCO-FOFDM system when the spectral efficiencies are 1 bit/s/Hz, 2 bits/s/Hz and 3 bits/s/Hz, respectively. Layered ACO-FOFDM system with improved receiver based on diversity combining is suitable for application in the adaptive IM/DD systems with zero DC-bias.
description: This manuscript has been published in Photonic Network Communications, we replace the previous version submitted on March 12th due to the modification of manuscript title
Equiangular line systems and switching classes containing regular graphs
Creators: name: Greaves, Gary R. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop the theory of equiangular lines in Euclidean spaces. Our focus is on the question of when a Seidel matrix having precisely three distinct eigenvalues has a regular graph in its switching class. We make some progress towards an answer to this question by finding some necessary conditions and some sufficient conditions. Furthermore, we show that the cardinality of an equiangular line system in $18$ dimensional Euclidean space is at most $60$.
description: 17 pages
Time evolution of entanglement for holographic steady state formation
Creators: name: Erdmenger, Johanna
name: Fernandez, Daniel
name: Flory, Mario
name: Megias, Eugenio
name: Straub, Ann-Kathrin
name: Witkowski, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within gauge/gravity duality, we consider the local quench-like time evolution obtained by joining two 1+1-dimensional heat baths at different temperatures at time t=0. A steady state forms and expands in space. For the 2+1-dimensional gravity dual, we find that the shockwaves expanding the steady-state region are of spacelike nature in the bulk despite being null at the boundary. However, they do not transport information. Moreover, by adapting the time-dependent Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi prescription, we holographically calculate the entanglement entropy and also the mutual information for different entangling regions. For general temperatures, we find that the entanglement entropy increase rate satisfies the same bound as in the "entanglement tsunami" setups. For small temperatures of the two baths, we derive an analytical formula for the time dependence of the entanglement entropy. This replaces the entanglement tsunami-like behaviour seen for high temperatures. Finally, we check that strong subadditivity holds in this time-dependent system, as well as further more general entanglement inequalities for five or more regions recently derived for the static case.
description: 57 pages, 25 figures. v2: Minor revisions and references added. v3: Referee's comments included. The numerical codes described in this paper are available in the ancillary files directory (anc/) of this submission
College or the Trades: Analyzing the Perception of High School Vocational Education
Creators: name: Newlin, Rachel
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Vocational education
subject: High school
subject: Perception of vocational education

description: As of April 5, 2022, there was almost $1.75 trillion of student debt in the US (Hahn & Tarver). The student debt crisis, combined with the COVID-19 pandemic, has led many American young people to seek alternatives to 4-year colleges (Dickler, 2021). One possible alternative path is vocational education, in which a young person learns a trade like welding or cosmetology instead of or in addition to academic subjects. This can occur at the high school and/or postsecondary level. Historically, there has been a stigma against vocational education in favor of 4-year colleges (Gauthier, 2020). This study seeks to examine vocational education in American high schools. Specifically, the perception of various aspects of vocational education (perceived intelligence of vocational students, how much vocational tertiary education should be promoted over academic tertiary education, etc.) from people who were on the academic track and people who were on the vocational track in high school. These perceptions were collected via online survey of 90 American high school graduates, ranging in age from 18 to 94. Data show that the vast majority of academic track and vocational track individuals support vocational education being promoted as much or more than college prep courses in high schools. In addition, statistically significant findings include the fact that academic track students who had friends on the vocational track in high school had higher opinions of vocational track students' intelligence than academic track students who did not. Although this newfound acceptance of vocational education has many positive implications, steps must be taken to ensure that Black, Latine, and low-income students are not the only ones encouraged to take this route, but rather that all high school students receive the same level of encouragement.
Turbulence in Three-Dimensional Simulations of Magnetopause Reconnection
Creators: name: Price, L.
name: Swisdak, M.
name: Drake, J. F.
name: Burch, J. L.
name: Cassak, P. A.
name: Ergun, R. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present detailed analysis of the turbulence observed in three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause. The parameters are representative of an electron diffusion region encounter of the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. The turbulence is found to develop around both the magnetic X line and separatrices, is electromagnetic in nature, is characterized by a wave vector $k$ given by $kρ_e\sim(m_eT_e/m_iT_i)^{0.25}$ with $ρ_e$ the electron Larmor radius, and appears to have the ion pressure gradient as its source of free energy. Taken together, these results suggest the instability is a variant of the lower hybrid drift instability. The turbulence produces electric field fluctuations in the out-of-plane direction (the direction of the reconnection electric field) with an amplitude of around $\pm 10$~mV/m, which is much greater than the reconnection electric field of around $0.1$~mV/m. Such large values of the out-of-plane electric field have been identified in the MMS data. The turbulence in the simulations controls the scale lengths of the density profile and current layers in asymmetric reconnection, driving them closer to $\sqrt{ρ_eρ_i}$ than the $ρ_e$ or $d_e$ scalings seen in 2-D reconnection simulations, and produces significant anomalous resistivity and viscosity in the electron diffusion region.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Low-control and robust quantum refrigerator and applications with electronic spins in diamond
Creators: name: Mohammady, M. Hamed
name: Choi, Hyeongrak
name: Trusheim, Matthew E.
name: Bayat, Abolfazl
name: Englund, Dirk
name: Omar, Yasser
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a general protocol for low-control refrigeration and thermometry of thermal qubits, which can be implemented using electronic spins in diamond. The refrigeration is implemented by a probe, consisting of a network of interacting spins. The protocol involves two operations: (i) free evolution of the probe; and (ii) a swap gate between one spin in the probe and the thermal qubit we wish to cool. We show that if the initial state of the probe falls within a suitable range, and the free evolution of the probe is both unital and conserves the excitation in the $z$-direction, then the cooling protocol will always succeed, with an efficiency that depends on the rate of spin dephasing and the swap gate fidelity. Furthermore, measuring the probe after it has cooled many qubits provides an estimate of their temperature. We provide a specific example where the probe is a Heisenberg spin chain, and suggest a physical implementation using electronic spins in diamond. Here the probe is constituted of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers, while the thermal qubits are dark spins. By using a novel pulse sequence, a chain of NV centers can be made to evolve according to a Heisenberg Hamiltonian. This proposal allows for a range of applications, such as NV-based nuclear magnetic resonance of photosensitive molecules kept in a dark spot on a sample, and it opens up possibilities for the study of quantum thermodynamics, environment-assisted sensing, and many-body physics.
Complexity theory for spaces of integrable functions
Creators: name: Steinberg, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper investigates second-order representations in the sense of Kawamura and Cook for spaces of integrable functions that regularly show up in analysis. It builds upon prior work about the space of continuous functions on the unit interval: Kawamura and Cook introduced a representation inducing the right complexity classes and proved that it is the weakest second-order representation such that evaluation is polynomial-time computable. The first part of this paper provides a similar representation for the space of integrable functions on a bounded subset of Euclidean space: The weakest representation rendering integration over boxes is polynomial-time computable. In contrast to the representation of continuous functions, however, this representation turns out to be discontinuous with respect to both the norm and the weak topology. The second part modifies the representation to be continuous and generalizes it to Lp-spaces. The arising representations are proven to be computably equivalent to the standard representations of these spaces as metric spaces and to still render integration polynomial-time computable. The family is extended to cover Sobolev spaces on the unit interval, where less basic operations like differentiation and some Sobolev embeddings are shown to be polynomial-time computable. Finally as a further justification quantitative versions of the Arzelà-Ascoli and Fréchet-Kolmogorov Theorems are presented and used to argue that these representations fulfill a minimality condition. To provide tight bounds for the Fréchet-Kolmogorov Theorem, a form of exponential time computability of the norm of Lp is proven.
On the optimal design of grid-based binary holograms for matter wave lithography
Creators: name: Nesse, Torstein
name: Banon, Jean-Philippe
name: Holst, Bodil
name: Simonsen, Ingve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Grid based binary holography (GBH) is an attractive method for patterning with light or matter waves. It is an approximate technique in which different holographic masks can be used to produce similar patterns. Here we present an optimal design method for GBH masks that allows for freely selecting the fraction of open holes in the mask from below 10% to above 90%. Open-fraction is an important design parameter when making masks for use in lithography systems. The method also includes a rescaling feature that potentially enables a better contrast of the generated patterns. Through simulations we investigate the contrast and robustness of the patterns formed by masks generated by the proposed optimal design method. It is demonstrated that high contrast patterns are achievable for a wide range of open-fractions. We conclude that reaching a desired open-fraction is a trade-off with the contrast of the pattern generated by the mask.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures
Characterizing Higgs portal dark matter models at the ILC
Creators: name: Kamon, Teruki
name: Ko, P.
name: Li, Jinmian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Dark Matter (DM) discovery prospect and its spin discrimination in the theoretical framework of gauge invariant and renormalizable Higgs portal DM models at the ILC with $\sqrt{s} = 500$ GeV. In such models, the DM pair is produced in association with a $Z$ boson. In case the singlet scalar DM, the mediator is just the SM Higgs boson, whereas for the fermion or vector DM there is an additional singlet scalar mediator that mixes with the SM Higgs boson, which produces significant observable differences. After careful investigation of the signal and backgrounds both at parton level and at detector level, we find the signal with hadronically decaying $Z$ boson provides a better search sensitivity than the signal with leptonically decaying $Z$ boson. Taking the fermion DM model as a benchmark scenario, when the DM-mediator coupling $g_χ$ is relatively small, the DM signals are discoverable only for benchmark points with relatively light scalar mediator $H_2$. And the spin discriminating from scalar DM is always promising while it is difficult to discriminate from vector DM. As for $g_χ$ approaching the perturbative limit, benchmark points with the mediator $H_2$ in the full mass region of interest are discoverable. And the spin discriminating from both the scalar and fermion DM are quite promising.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures, version accepted for publication in EPJC
Interpreting Hints for Lepton Flavor Universality Violation
Creators: name: Altmannshofer, Wolfgang
name: Stangl, Peter
name: Straub, David M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We interpret the recent hints for lepton flavor universality violation in rare $B$ meson decays. Based on a model-independent effective Hamiltonian approach, we determine regions of new physics parameter space that give a good description of the experimental data on $R_K$ and $R_{K^*}$, which is in tension with Standard Model predictions. We suggest further measurements that can help narrowing down viable new physics explanations. We stress that the measured values of $R_K$ and $R_{K^*}$ are fully compatible with new physics explanations of other anomalies in rare $B$ meson decays based on the $b \to s μμ$ transition. If the hints for lepton flavor universality violation are first signs of new physics, perturbative unitarity implies new phenomena below a scale of $\sim 100$ TeV.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. v2: (belated) update to published version
The Design of Cavity Resonators and Microwave Filters Applying Shape Deformation Techniques
Creators: name: Michał Baranowski
name: Łukasz Balewski
name: Adam Lamęcki
name: Michał Mrozowski
name: Jaione Galdeano
Publisher: name: Gdańsk University of Technology
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING (AM), CAVITY RESONATOR, COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (CAD), DESIGN OPTIMIZATION, MICROWAVE FILTER, RADIAL BASIS FUNCTIONS (RBFS), SHAPE DEFORMATION.

description: This article introduces shape deformation as a new
approach to the computer-aided design (CAD) of high-frequency
components. We show that geometry deformation opens up new
design possibilities and offers additional degrees of freedom
in the 3-D modeling of microwave structures. Such design
flexibility is highly desirable if the full potential of additive
manufacturing (AM) is to be exploited in the fabrication of RF
and microwave devices. The use of deformation techniques in
the design of high-frequency components allows the attainment
of improved electrical parameters, such as high-quality factors
for cavity resonators and wide higher-order mode separation.
In this work, shape deformation with radial basis functions
(RBFs) is integrated with an electromagnetic field simulator
based on the 3-D finite-element method (FEM), allowing the
semiautomated optimization of microwave components, such as
cavity resonators and filters. The proposed strategy is used for
the design of high Q-factor cavity resonators, cavity bandpass
filters with improved spurious mode separation, and a compact
twisted waveguide filter. Three designs of waveguide cavity
filters with complex geometry are experimentally verified using
3-D-printed prototypes fabricated with selective laser melting
(SLM) technology
Combating Wildlife Trafficking in Southeast Asia Countries -- An Analysis of CITES Confiscations/Seizure Data and Key Factors associated with Illicit Wildlife Trade
Creators: name: Shi, Jinxuan
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022

description: Illicit trade generates billions of dollars annually for transnational criminal networks. Southeast Asia countries serve as transit points and destination markets for wildlife products that have been shipped across the global supply chains. A wide variety of animals are traded alive, dead, or as processed products. Part I of this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of illegal wildlife trades involving Southeast Asia countries, and Part II identifies the key factors in the illegal wildlife trade and evaluates the nature of the relationship between the key factors and the wildlife trade.
On the mathematical description of time-dependent surface water waves
Creators: name: Düll, Wolf-Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76B15, 35Q35, 35Q53, 35Q55

description: This article provides a survey on some main results and recent developments in the mathematical theory of water waves. More precisely, we briefly discuss the mathematical modeling of water waves and then we give an overview of local and global well-posedness results for the model equations. Moreover, we present reduced models in various parameter regimes for the approximate description of the motion of typical wave profiles and discuss the mathematically rigorous justification of the validity of these models.
description: This paper is an extension of the previous submission arXiv:1612.06242v1 with a slightly changed title. In its present form, the paper has been accepted for publication in: Jahresbericht der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung
LHC constraints on color octet scalars
Creators: name: Hayreter, Alper
name: Valencia, German
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extract constraints on the parameter space of the MW model by comparing the cross-sections for dijet, top-pair, dijet-pair, $t\bar t t \bar t$ and $b\bar b b \bar b$ productions at the LHC with the strongest available experimental limits from ATLAS or CMS at 8 or 13 TeV. Overall we find that masses below 1 TeV have not been excluded for color octet scalars as it is often claimed in the literature. The constraints that can be placed on coupling constants are typically weaker than those from existing theoretical considerations, with the exception of the parameter $η_D$.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures (matches version accepted)
Self-compression of spatially limited laser pulses in a system of coupled light-guides
Creators: name: Balakin, A. A.
name: Litvak, A. G.
name: Mironov, V. A.
name: Skobelev, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The self-action features of wave packets propagating in a two-dimensional system of equidistantly arranged fibers are studied analytically and numerically on the basis of the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Self-consistent equations for the characteristic scales of a Gaussian wave packet are derived on the basis of the variational approach, which are proved numerically for powers $\mathcal{P} < 10 \mathcal{P}_\text{cr}$ exceeding slightly the critical one for self-focusing. At higher powers, the wave beams become filamented, and their amplitude is limited due to nonlinear breaking of the interaction between neighbor light-guides. This make impossible to collect a powerful wave beam into the single light-guide. The variational analysis show the possibility of adiabatic self-compression of soliton-like laser pulses in the process of their three-dimensional self-focusing to the central light-guide. However, the further increase of the field amplitude during self-compression leads to the longitudinal modulation instability development and formation of a set of light bullets in the central fiber. In the regime of hollow wave beams, filamentation instability becomes predominant. As a result, it becomes possible to form a set of light bullets in optical fibers located on the ring.
Diagnostic reliability of aphasia assessment tools performed online: a systematic review
Creators: name: Roder, Jessica
name: Baumgärtner, Annette
name: Bethge, Matthias
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Sciences
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Medical Specialties
subject: Rehabilitation and Therapy
subject: Neurology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Applied Linguistics
subject: Telehealth Telediagnosis Aphasia Speech Language Pathology

description: This is a registration of a systematic review which aim it is to figure out, if the most frequently used tests for diagnosing aphasia (“Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination”, “Western Aphasia Battery” and “Boston Naming Test”) developed and standardized for the “in-person” use are reliable for diagnosing aphasia when conducted via the internet.
Entanglement loss in molecular quantum-dot qubits due to interaction with the environment
Creators: name: Blair, Enrique P.
name: Toth, Geza
name: Lent, Craig S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum entanglement loss due to environmental interaction in a condensed matter system with a complex geometry relevant to recent proposals for computing with single electrons at the nanoscale. We consider a system consisting of two qubits, each realized by an electron in a double quantum dot, which are initially in an entangled Bell state. The qubits are widely separated and each interacts with its own environment. The environment for each is modeled by surrounding double quantum dots placed at random positions with random orientations. We calculate the unitary evolution of the joint system and environment. The global state remains pure throughout. We examine the time dependence of the expectation value of the bipartite Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) and Brukner-Paunković-Rudolph-Vedral (BPRV) Bell operators and explore the emergence of correlations consistent with local realism. Though the details of this transition depend on the specific environmental geometry, we show how the results can be mapped on to a universal behavior with appropriate scaling. We determine the relevant disentanglement times based on realistic physical parameters for molecular double-dots.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
THE INFLUENCE OF BARIATRIC SURGERY ON AUTONOMIC HEART RATE CONTROL: A LITERATURE REVIE
Creators: name: Tavares, Marilia
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Autonomic dysfunction; Bariatric surgery; Obesity; Cardiovascular physiology; Heartbeat variability; cardiovascular rehabilitation

description: Obesity is defined as an accumulation of body fat measured by the body mass index (BMI) above 30 kg/m2. Severe or morbid obesity is defined by a BMI of at least 35 kg/m2. This condition is associated with the development of various diseases, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease and many others. In some studies, an increase in cardiac variability is reported after bariatric surgery, indicating an improvement in the autonomic control of heart rate, however, the literature still does not provide evidence that these outcomes are directly caused by the surgical procedure. Objective of the study: To evaluate the quality of evidence of improvement in cardiac variability after bariatric surgery in morbidly obese people. Inclusion criteria: Data on the effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery for the improvement of cardiac variability in randomized controlled trials and in prospective controlled observational studies with more than 10 patients. Exclusion criteria: Duplicate publications. letters and editorials. Animal and in vitro studies. Case reports, case series with less than 10 patients. Studies that did not examine the results of interest. The quality of the studies will be evaluated according to the Downs & Black Checklist criteria to classify the quality of the evidence.
Finite Generation of Extensions of Associated Graded Rings Along a Valuation
Creators: name: Cutkosky, Steven Dale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14B05, 14B22, 13B10, 11S15

description: In this paper we consider the question of when the associated graded ring along a valuation, ${\rm gr}_{ν^*}(S)$, is a finite ${\rm gr}_{ν^*}(R)$-module, where $S$ is a normal local ring which lies over a normal local ring $R$ and $ν^*$ is a valuation of the quotient field of $S$ which dominates $S$. We obtain a very general result in equicharacteristic zero in Theorem 1.5. We also obtain general results for unramified extensions of excellent local rings in Proposition 1.7.
description: 28 pages, Final version
Statistical and computational phase transitions in spiked tensor estimation
Creators: name: Lesieur, Thibault
name: Miolane, Léo
name: Lelarge, Marc
name: Krzakala, Florent
name: Zdeborová, Lenka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider tensor factorizations using a generative model and a Bayesian approach. We compute rigorously the mutual information, the Minimal Mean Squared Error (MMSE), and unveil information-theoretic phase transitions. In addition, we study the performance of Approximate Message Passing (AMP) and show that it achieves the MMSE for a large set of parameters, and that factorization is algorithmically "easy" in a much wider region than previously believed. It exists, however, a "hard" region where AMP fails to reach the MMSE and we conjecture that no polynomial algorithm will improve on AMP.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Recognizing Value Resonance with the World Values Corpus
Creators: name: Benkler, Noam
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social Statistics
subject: Social and Cultural Anthropology
subject: Linguistic Anthropology
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: World Values Corpus data for use in Recognizing Value Resonance modeling.
"The system is unfair": Uncontrollable attributions for inequality predict more equitable giving in adolescents
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Antonya
name: McLean, Kate
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Developmental Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The current study explores the nature of adolescents’ reasoning about hypothetical and real-world inequality. The goal of this study is to understand adolescents’ resource allocation in circumstances of hypothetical inequality, their explanation or justification of that allocation, and how adolescents explain inequality in real life. We have included both the pre-registration and the final coding scheme in this repository.
Chiral Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence
Creators: name: Pavlović, Petar
name: Leite, Natacha
name: Sigl, Günter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work the influence of the chiral anomaly effect on the evolution of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence was studied. We argue that in the early universe, before the electroweak symmetry breaking, and for temperatures high enough such that the electron mass can be ignored, the description of a charged plasma in general needs to take into account the interplay between turbulence and the anomaly effects. It was demonstrated that this generalization can have important consequences on the evolution of turbulence, leading to the creation of maximally-helical fields from initially non-helical ones. Therefore, chiral effects can strongly support turbulent inverse cascade, and lead to a slower decrease of the magnetic field with time, and also to a faster growth of the correlation length, when compared to the evolution predicted by the standard magnetohydrodynamical description. Using the weak anomaly approximation, and treating the anomaly contributions to magnetic energy and helicity as a small perturbation, we derive the specific solutions for the inverse cascade regime that demonstrate how chiral effects support the inverse cascade.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Programmable material testing device for mechanoluminescence measurements.
Creators: name: Einbergs, Ernests
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
subject: Physics
subject: material testing system
subject: strain
subject: tensile test
subject: three-point flexural test

description: Design files and software for a low-cost material device intended for mechanoluminescence measurements.
Stationary states and screening equations in the spin-Hall effect
Creators: name: Wegrowe, Jean-Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The characterization of the stationary states in the spin-Hall effect is discussed within the framework of the phenomenological two spin-channel model. It is shown that two different definitions of the stationary states can be applied in the spin-Hall effect, leading to two different types of state in the bulk: zero transverse spin-current or non-zero pure spin-current. This difference is due to the treatment of the region near the edges, in which electric charge accumulation occurs. The screening equations that describe the accumulation of electric charges due to spin-orbit coupling are derived. The spin-accumulation associated to spin-flip scattering and the spin-Hall accumulation due to spin-orbit coupling are two independent effects if we assume that the screening length is small with respect to the spin-diffusion length. The corresponding transport equations are discussed in terms of the Dyakonov-Perel equations.
description: The work is a pedological presentation of the problem of the stationary states in the spin-Hall effect, in complement to a previously submitted article arXiv :1609.03916v1 [cond-mat.mes-hall] 2016, entitled "Conditions for the generation of spin and charge currents in spin-Hall devices" (Europhys. Lett. 118, 67005 (2017))
Exploring the phase structure of the multi-flavor Schwinger model with quantum computing
Creators: name: Funcke, Lena
name: Hartung, Tobias
name: Jansen, Karl
name: Kuehn, Stefan
name: Pleinert, Marc-Oliver
name: Schuster, Stephan
name: von Zanthier, Joachim
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: potential, chemical
computer, quantum
critical phenomena
hardware
Schwinger model
capture
variational quantum eigensolver
quantum device
ground state
variational
parametric

description: We propose a variational quantum eigensolver suitable for exploring the phase structure of the multi-flavor Schwinger model in the presence of a chemical potential. The parametric ansatz circuit we design is capable of incorporating the symmetries of the model, present in certain parameter regimes, which allows for reducing the number of variational parameters substantially. Moreover, the ansatz circuit can be implementated on both measurement-based and circuit-based quantum hardware. We numerically demonstrate that our ansatz circuit is able to capture the phase structure of the model and allows for faithfully approximating the ground state. Our results show that our approach is suitable for current intermediate-scale quantum hardware and can be readily implemented on existing quantum devices.
Rethinking Fitness: A Comparative Analysis of Idealized Fitness and Thinness in Contemporary China
Creators: name: Jinglan Hong
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: idealized fitness, idealized thinness, female body, objectification theory, computational sociology

description: Since the 1980s, the idealized thin body has gradually become an expectation for Chinese women's figures. Women's internalization of the aesthetics of thinness and the negative psychological and physical consequences it triggers has received growing attention. In the past decade, idealized fitness has emerged and gained rapid momentum, self-labeling itself as positive, proactive, and female-empowering, compared to the thin body. Through a comparative analysis of two separate corpora constructed from online communities about the thin ideal and the fit ideal, the study found that the similarities between the two discourses outweighed the differences. The criterion of beauty was based on slenderness in both discourses. Further, in pursuit of the beauty ideal, women exhibit similar sustained, precise, and planned self-monitoring in their actions. Finally, the results of the emotional analysis of both corpora were heavily biased towards negativity. This study is a reflection regarding Chinese women's fitness aspirations, while presenting an East Asian viewpoint for introducing cross-cultural research on the female body, and a potential application of computational approaches to gender research.
title: Oneness, indigeneity, and Ghanaian citizenship(s): lessons learned from teachers
Creators: name: Smail, Amy
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2023

description: Redefining Ghanaian citizenship has been the impetus for the new 2019 educational reform (NaCCA/MoE, 2018). This is out of the ambition from Nana Akufo-Addo, the current President, to seek a ‘renewed mindset’ in future Ghanaians to break dependence on aid from the West and refocus onto Ghana to become self-reliant, moving their country out of poverty (GOG, 2019a:8). For this reason, the President also seeks in children a greater appreciation of their heritage for a more located, historic expression of citizenship. These words are symbolic: echoing those of the first Ghanaian President, Kwame Nkrumah (1963:132) who articulated this as ‘Oneness:’ a deep-rooted identity and unity for mobilising African solutions to African problems. The current Government deems teachers as central to this change. This thesis explores what lessons can be learned from government primary teachers in the city of Accra, Ghana about Ghanaian citizenship, in relation to their learners. The main lesson learned was about Ghanaian citizenship(s), a vast, overlapping definition on their ethnic, national, and (Black) African consciousness, with its tensions, contradictions, and possibilities. The new curriculum and, in particular, the subject of History after its prolonged absence in schools, had begun to activate these teachers’ views. Drawing on the words of Nkrumah, teachers further spoke of ‘Oneness,’ described as a relational Indigenous ontology for seeking unity in difference, and, to sustain the liberal democratic state. Oneness was also grounded in ‘Rootedness’ for articulating indigeneity, symbiotic with how teachers located their learners in forming and negotiating the intricacies of ethnic identity and difference. Additionally, these teachers viewed Ghanaian citizenship(s) as rhetoric for re-centring mindsets back onto Ghana, to accelerate their economic development. Oneness was a symbol for national transformation. While accepting the Government’s neoliberal terms for fostering self-sufficiency in their learners, the teachers were seeking to reimagine a different trajectory for their future nation on their own Ghanaian terms. This included reclaiming the meaning of (Black) African identity and heritage. Inspired by these teachers’ words, one possible conceptual model for critical praxis around the subject of Ghanaian citizenship(s) in the urban classroom in Accra is presented.
Doomsdays in a modified theory of gravity: A classical and a quantum approach
Creators: name: Albarran, Imanol
name: Bouhmadi-López, Mariam
name: Chen, Che-Yu
name: Chen, Pisin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By far cosmology is one of the most exciting subject to study, even more so with the current bulk of observations we have at hand. These observations might indicate different kinds of doomsdays, if dark energy follows certain patterns. Two of these doomsdays are the Little Rip (LR) and Little Sibling of the Big Rip (LSBR). In this work, aside from proving the unavoidability of the LR and LSBR in the Eddington-inspired-Born-Infeld (EiBI) scenario, we carry out a quantum analysis of the EiBI theory with a matter field, which, from a classical point of view would inevitably lead to a universe that ends with either LR or LSBR. Based on a modified Wheeler-DeWitt equation, we demonstrate that such fatal endings seems to be avoidable.
description: 6 pages. A more careful and detailed analysis of the classical and quantum Hamiltonian included. Physical results unchanged. Version accepted in PLB
title: Queeres Wellenreiten: Kino in Krisen(zwischen)räumen
Creators: name: Speder, Tabea
Publisher: name: DuEPublico
Year: 2023

description: Queersein ist eng mit dem Bewusstsein für Krisen verknüpft, da queere Communities durch Erfahrungen der Ablehnung, Verfolgung, Isolation entstehen. Seit jeher teilen sie Schmerz, Trauer und Verlust miteinander und navigieren gemeinsam durchs (Über-)Leben. In queeren Räumen finden sich folglich besondere und kreative Formen der Resilienz. Doch wie gehen queere Communities mit gegenwärtigen Krisen um?

Diese Frage begleitete auch 2022 das Hamburg International Queer Film Festival, das problematisierte, „was uns Kunst, Kultur und Kino in diesen fragilen Krisenzeiten geben kann″ (Programmheft 2022, 3). Gemeinsam mit älteren Besucher*innen erinnerten sich die Veranstalter*innen an die Anfänge der schwulen und lesbischen Filmtage, die noch komplett von Studierenden mit ihren selbstgedrehten Filmen organisiert wurden. Wir Zuschauenden sitzen in gepolsterten roten Kinosesseln, zwischen schweren Vorhängen und der großen Leinwand. Zwischen Licht und Dunkel. Zwischen ihren Erinnerungen und unserer gemeinsamen Gegenwart. Zwischen Krise und Post-Krise. Welche Rolle können queere Filmfestivals in diesen Krisen(zwischen)räumen einnehmen?
description: blog interdisziplinäre geschlechterforschung
Tools to assess the competence of health professionals in providing care regarding smoking, nutrition, alcohol and/or physical activity (SNAP): A systematic review of the literature.
Creators: name: Ball, Lauren
name: Chua, David
name: Mitchell, Lana
name: Jani, Rati
name: Purtell, Louise
name: Burton, Nicola
name: Van Dorssen, Clare
name: Allen, Connie
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Community Health and Preventive Medicine
subject: Health Services Research
subject: SNAP Competency Tool

description: Narrative systematic literature review of tools to assess health professionals' competence at providing care and advice relating to smoking, nutrition, alcohol and/or physical activity.
Lozenge tiling dynamics and convergence to the hydrodynamic equation
Creators: name: Laslier, Benoit
name: Toninelli, Fabio Lucio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study a reversible continuous-time Markov dynamics of a discrete $(2+1)$-dimensional interface. This can be alternatively viewed as a dynamics of lozenge tilings of the $L\times L$ torus, or as a conservative dynamics for a two-dimensional system of interlaced particles. The particle interlacement constraints imply that the equilibrium measures are far from being product Bernoulli: particle correlations decay like the inverse distance squared and interface height fluctuations behave on large scales like a massless Gaussian field. We consider a particular choice of the transition rates, originally proposed in [Luby-Randall-Sinclair]: in terms of interlaced particles, a particle jump of length $n$ that preserves the interlacement constraints has rate $1/(2n)$. This dynamics presents special features: the average mutual volume between two interface configurations decreases with time and a certain one-dimensional projection of the dynamics is described by the heat equation. In this work we prove a hydrodynamic limit: after a diffusive rescaling of time and space, the height function evolution tends as $L\to\infty$ to the solution of a non-linear parabolic PDE. The initial profile is assumed to be $C^2$ differentiable and to contain no "frozen region". The explicit form of the PDE was recently conjectured on the basis of local equilibrium considerations. In contrast with the hydrodynamic equation for the Langevin dynamics of the Ginzburg-Landau model [Funaki-Spohn,Nishikawa], here the mobility coefficient turns out to be a non-trivial function of the interface slope.
description: 35 pages, 7 figures. v3: a few more typos corrected, remark 2.8 added. To appear on Comm. Math. Phys
Late-time power-law stages of cosmological evolution in teleparallel gravity with nonminimal coupling
Creators: name: Skugoreva, Maria A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Universe evolution at late-time stages in models of teleparallel gravity with power-law nonminimal coupling and a decreasing power-law potential of the scalar field $ϕ$. New asymptotic solutions are found analytically for these models in vacuum and with a perfect fluid. Applying numerical integration, we show that the cosmological evolution leads to these solutions for some region of the initial conditions, and these asymptotic regimes are stable with respect to homogeneous variations of the initial data. The physical sense of the results is discussed.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, some clarifications and references added, published version
Tattoos and Discrimination
Creators: name: Aviya Fuchs
name: Gali, Omri
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This is a study examining how tattoos are viewed in the workplace and the implicatory discrimination based off of external looks, specifically tattoos. This is a study for the purpose of the Experimentla Psychology Course in Tel-Aviv University.