cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic insights into cAMP-mediated presynaptic potentiation at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses
Creators: name: Fukaya, Ryota
name: Miyano, Rinako
name: Hirai, Himawari
name: Sakaba, Takeshi
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: hippocampal mossy fiber synapses
subject: cAMP-mediated potentiation
subject: presynaptic plasticity
subject: synaptic vesicle release
subject: readily-releasable pool
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Presynaptic plasticity is an activity-dependent change in the neurotransmitter release and plays a key role in dynamic modulation of synaptic strength. Particularly, presynaptic potentiation mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is widely seen across the animals and thought to contribute to learning and memory. Hippocampal mossy fiber-CA3 pyramidal cell synapses have been used as a model because of robust presynaptic potentiation in short- and long-term forms. Moreover, direct presynaptic recordings from large mossy fiber terminals allow one to dissect the potentiation mechanisms. Recently, super-resolution microscopy and flash-and-freeze electron microscopy have revealed the localizations of release site molecules and synaptic vesicles during the potentiation at a nanoscale, identifying the molecular mechanisms of the potentiation. Incorporating these growing knowledges, we try to present plausible mechanisms underlying the cAMP-mediated presynaptic potentiation.
Asgard archaea capable of anaerobic hydrocarbon cycling
Creators: name: Ettema, T.J.G.
name: Seitz, K.W.
name: Spang, A.
name: Lombard, J.
name: Baker, B.J.
name: Eme, L.
name: Teske, A.P.
name: Sieber, J.R.
name: Dombrowski, N.
Publisher: name: Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2019

description: Large reservoirs of natural gas in the oceanic subsurface sustain complex communities of anaerobic microbes, including archaeal lineages with potential to mediate oxidation of hydrocarbons such as methane and butane. Here we describe a previously unknown archaeal phylum, Helarchaeota, belonging to the Asgard superphylum and with the potential for hydrocarbon oxidation. We reconstruct Helarchaeota genomes from metagenomic data derived from hydrothermal deep-sea sediments in the hydrocarbon-rich Guaymas Basin. The genomes encode methyl-CoM reductase-like enzymes that are similar to those found in butane-oxidizing archaea, as well as several enzymes potentially involved in alkyl-CoA oxidation and the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. We suggest that members of the Helarchaeota have the potential to activate and subsequently anaerobically oxidize hydrothermally generated short-chain hydrocarbons.
Pyrite chemistry records a multistage ore forming system at the Proterozoic George Fisher massive sulfide Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, Mount Isa, Australia
Creators: name: Rieger, Philip
name: Magnall, Joseph M.
name: Gleeson, Sarah A.
name: Oelze, Marcus
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: CD-type massive sulfide deposit
subject: pyrite chemistry
subject: Proterozoic
subject: LA-ICP MS
subject: Mount Isa
subject: Zn resources
subject: mineral system
subject: trace metals
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Trace element (TE) analysis of pyrite via LA-ICP-MS can be used to reconstruct the conditions of pyrite formation in complex mineral systems. The Carpentaria province in northern Australia is host to some of the world’s highest value Zn-Pb (+Ag, Cu) deposits. The genesis of many of these deposits is controversial, with competing models of single-vs. multi-stage ore formation. In this study, LA-ICP-MS data of paragenetically constrained pyrite from the George Fisher Zn-Pb-Ag deposit has been analysed to investigate the chemistry of different stages of ore formation. Pyrite from correlative unmineralized host rocks has also been analysed to investigate evidence of distal hydrothermal anomalism. All LA-ICP-MS data have been statistically evaluated (principal component analysis) and interpreted together with whole rock lithogeochemical data of the same samples. Pre-ore diagenetic pyrite is compositionally similar to other Proterozoic diagenetic pyrite, with some evidence of minor hydrothermal anomalism that with further analysis could help define distal alteration. Pyrite from the different ore stages are compositionally distinct, consistent with a multi-stage system. Ore stage 1 pyrite exceeds background contents of Co, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Sb, Tl, and Pb and has elevated Co/Ni ratios, whereas only Ni and Co are above background abundances in ore stage 2 and 3 pyrite, of which only ore stage 3 pyrite has high Co/Ni ratios. Ore stage 1 pyrite has a similar composition to hydrothermal pyrite in the undeformed northern Carpentaria CD-type deposits and was likely syn-diagenesis. Ore stage 2 was syn-deformation, and resulted in replacement and recrystallization of pre-existing pyrite, and the expulsion of incompatible TEs. Ore stage 3 formed via a later Cu-Zn-Pb mineralizing event that resulted in a new geochemically distinct generation of Co-rich pyrite. Overall, this study demonstrates the value of paragenetically-constrained pyrite TE data for refining genetic models in complex sediment hosted mineral systems.
Community structural differences shape microbial responses to high molecular weight organic matter
Creators: name: Ziervogel, K.
name: Teske, A.
name: Buckley, A.
name: Ghobrial, S.
name: Arnosti, C.
name: Balmonte, J.P.
name: Hoarfrost, A.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2019

description: The extent to which differences in microbial community structure result in variations in organic matter (OM) degradation is not well understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that distinct marine microbial communities from North Atlantic surface and bottom waters would exhibit varying compositional succession and functional shifts in response to the same pool of complex high molecular weight (HMW-OM). We also hypothesized that microbial communities would produce a broader spectrum of enzymes upon exposure to HMW-OM, indicating a greater potential to degrade these compounds than reflected by initial enzymatic activities. Our results show that community succession in amended mesocosms was congruent with cell growth, increased bacterial production and most notably, with substantial shifts in enzymatic activities. In all amended mesocosms, closely related taxa that were initially rare became dominant at time frames during which a broader spectrum of active enzymes were detected compared to initial timepoints, indicating a similar response among different communities. However, succession on the whole-community level, and the rates, spectra and progression of enzymatic activities, reveal robust differences among distinct communities from discrete water masses. These results underscore the crucial role of rare bacterial taxa in ocean carbon cycling and the importance of bacterial community structure for HMW-OM degradation.
Additional file 1 of Understanding psychosocial determinants of malaria behaviours in low-transmission settings: a scoping review
Creators: name: Casella, Albert
name: Monroe, April
name: Toso, Michael
name: Hunter, Gabrielle
name: Underwood, Carol
name: Pillai, Ruchita
name: Hughes, Jayme
name: Van Lith, Lynn M.
name: Cash, Shelby
name: Hwang, Jimee
name: Babalola, Stella
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Search terms list.
Pulsar polarization: a broad-band population view with the Parkes Ultra-Wideband receiver
Creators: name: Oswald, L. S.
name: Johnston, S.
name: Karastergiou, A.
name: Dai, S.
name: Kerr, M.
name: Lower, M. E.
name: Manchester, R. N.
name: Shannon, R. M.
name: Sobey, C.
name: Weltevrede, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radio polarization properties of the pulsar population are only superficially captured by the conventional picture of pulsar radio emission. We study the broadband polarization of 271 young radio pulsars, focusing particularly on circular polarization, using high quality observations made with the Ultra-Wideband Low receiver on Murriyang, the Parkes radio telescope. We seek to encapsulate polarization behaviour on a population scale by defining broad categories for frequency- and phase-dependent polarization evolution, studying the co-occurrences of these categorizations and comparing them with average polarization measurements and spin-down energy ($\dot{E}$). This work shows that deviations of the linear polarization position angle (PA) from the rotating vector model (RVM) are linked to the presence of circular polarization features and to frequency evolution of the polarization. Polarization fraction, circular polarization contribution and profile complexity all evolve with $\dot{E}$ across the population, with the profiles of high-$\dot{E}$ pulsars being simple and highly linearly polarized. The relationship between polarization fraction and circular contribution is also seen to evolve such that highly polarized profiles show less variation in circular contribution with frequency than less strongly polarized profiles. This evolution is seen both across the population and across frequency for individual sources. Understanding pulsar radio polarization requires detailed study of individual sources and collective understanding of population-level trends. For the former, we provide visualizations of their phase- and frequency-resolved polarization parameters. For the latter, we have highlighted the importance of including the impact of circular polarization and of $\dot{E}$.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures, supplementary material available at the MNRAS website or by contacting the lead author
Physiological measurements, especially of intra-abdominal pressure, during lifting and other movements: a study of dynamic anthropometry, involving synchronisation of electromyography, cinematography, intra-abdominal pressure telemetry, computation of spinal curvature, accelerometry and biomechanics
Creators: name: Saunders, Gareth R.
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 119999 Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences

description: Physiological measurements, especially of intra-abdominal pressure, during lifting and other movements: a study of dynamic anthropometry, involving synchronisation of electromyography, cinematography, intra-abdominal pressure telemetry, computation of spinal curvature, accelerometry and biomechanics
Möbius Roll-Ups
Creators: name: Vílchez, Clara Pont
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Publishing industry

description: These roll-ups have been created to showcase themselves at Möbius face-to-face events to give information about the project, such as its social media channels, consortium, and website. Also, to brand the atmosphere where the event takes place with the Möbius image.
MegaMorph: classifying galaxy morphology using multi-wavelength Sérsic profile fits
Creators: name: Vika, M.
name: Vulcani, B.
name: Bamford, S. P.
name: Häußler, B.
name: Rojas, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. This work investigates the potential of using the wavelength-dependence of galaxy structural parameters (Sérsic index, n, and effective radius, Re) to separate galaxies into distinct types. Methods. A sample of nearby galaxies with reliable visual morphologies is considered, for which we measure structural parameters by fitting multi-wavelength single-Sérsic models. Additionally, we use a set of artificially redshifted galaxies to test how these classifiers behave when the signal-to-noise decreases. Results. We show that the wavelength-dependence of n may be employed to separate visually-classified early- and late-type galaxies, in a manner similar to the use of colour and n. Furthermore, we find that the wavelength variation of n can recover galaxies that are misclassified by these other morphological proxies. Roughly half of the spiral galaxies that contaminate an early-type sample selected using (u-r) versus n can be correctly identified as late-types by N, the ratio of n measured in two different bands. Using a set of artificially-redshifted images, we show that this technique remains effective up to z ~ 0.1. N can therefore be used to achieve purer samples of early-types and more complete samples of late-types than using a colour-n cut alone. We also study the suitability of R, the ratio of Re in two different bands, as a morphological classifier, but find that the average sizes of both early- and late-type galaxies do not change substantially over optical wavelengths.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in A&A
Neuroplasticity to autophagy cross-talk in a therapeutic effect of physical exercises and irisin in ADHD
Creators: name: Abdulghani, Alhasan
name: Poghosyan, Mikayel
name: Mehren, Aylin
name: Philipsen, Alexandra
name: Anderzhanova, Elmira
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: physical exercises
subject: ADHD
subject: autophagy
subject: BDNF
subject: neuroplacticity
subject: irisin
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: Adaptive neuroplasticity is a pivotal mechanism for healthy brain development and maintenance, as well as its restoration in disease- and age-associated decline. Management of mental disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) needs interventions stimulating adaptive neuroplasticity, beyond conventional psychopharmacological treatments. Physical exercises are proposed for the management of ADHD, and also depression and aging because of evoked brain neuroplasticity. Recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of muscle-brain cross-talk pinpoints the role of the myokine irisin in the mediation of pro-cognitive and antidepressant activity of physical exercises. In this review, we discuss how irisin, which is released in the periphery as well as derived from brain cells, may interact with the mechanisms of cellular autophagy to provide protein recycling and regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling via glia-mediated control of BDNF maturation, and, therefore, support neuroplasticity. We propose that the neuroplasticity associated with physical exercises is mediated in part by irisin-triggered autophagy. Since the recent findings give objectives to consider autophagy-stimulating intervention as a prerequisite for successful therapy of psychiatric disorders, irisin appears as a prototypic molecule that can activate autophagy with therapeutic goals.
Citizen science practices in the International Long-Term Ecological Research (ILTER) Network
Creators: name: Bergami, Caterina
name: Stylinski, Cathlyn
name: Campanaro, Alessandro
name: Oggioni, Alessandro
name: Pugnetti, Alessandra
name: L'Astorina, Alba
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: The International Long-Term Ecological Research (ILTER) network offers a unique scenario to explore scientists’ perspectives on the benefits, opportunities and challenges of citizen science (CS) as these are embedded in local communities over long time periods. We describe some general trends obtained from a survey conducted among ILTER scientists, which include the following: about half of international scientists are involved in CS initiatives that primarily focus on biology and environmental science research; they train volunteers via short in-person workshops or written instructions and involve them multiple times in collecting samples and data; and they often acknowledge volunteers in peer-reviewed publications.
Energy Spatial Data Management Plan for Senegal
Creators: name: SARR Amadou Makhtar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: management
data

description: As part of the Plan Sénégal Émergent, the Senegalese government has set itself the goal of providing all citizens with access to reliable, high-quality, affordable electricity by 2025. One of the major components of this ambition is to raise the electrification rate to 100% by 2025 through major investments in the sector, targeting in particular rural areas where only 53.9% of the population had access to electricity. To achieve this major objective, there is need for effective spatial data management systems such as NSDI so that all Households and productive use units (public infrastructures) are connected to electricity by 2025. Data from all sectors requiring electrification to operate their businesses will be collected together through NSDI and from there, it will be easier to supply electricity to them by the set planning horizon.
Remarkable Capacity for Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane at High Methane Concentration
Creators: name: Finke, N.
name: Hunter, K.S.
name: Joye, S.B.
name: Teske, A.P.
name: Girguis, P.R.
name: Samarkin, V.A.
name: Bowles, M.W.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2019

description: Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM), a central process in the carbon cycle of anoxic environments, moderates the release of methane from soils and sediments to water bodies and, ultimately, the atmosphere. The regulation of AOM in the environment remains poorly constrained. Here we quantified AOM and sulfate reduction (SR) rates in diverse deep seafloor samples at in situ pressure and methane concentration and discovered that, in some cases, AOM exceeded SR rates by more than four times when methane concentrations were above 5 mM. Methane concentration also affected other carbon-cycling processes (e.g., carbon assimilation) in addition to SR. These results illustrate that substantial amounts of methane may be oxidized independent of SR under in situ conditions, reshaping our view of the capacity and mechanism of AOM in methane-rich environments, including the deep biosphere, where sulfate availability is considered to limit AOM.
Condensation of dust in the ejecta of type II-P supernovae
Creators: name: Sarangi, Arkaprabha
name: Cherchneff, Isabelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: We study the production of dust in Type II-P supernova by coupling the gas-phase chemistry to the dust nucleation and condensation phases. We consider two supernova progenitor masses with homogeneous and clumpy ejecta to assess the chemical type and quantity of dust that forms. Grain size distributions are derived as a function of post-explosion time. Methods: The chemistry of the gas phase and the simultaneous formation of dust clusters are described by a chemical network. The formation of key species (CO, SiO) and dust clusters of silicates, alumina, silica, metal carbides and sulphides, pure metals, and amorphous carbon is considered. The master equations describing the chemistry of the nucleation phase are coupled to a dust condensation formalism based on Brownian coagulation. Results: Type II-P supernovae produce dust grains of various chemical compositions and size distributions as a function of time. The grain size distributions gain in complexity with time, are slewed towards large grains, and differ from the usual MRN power-law distribution used for interstellar dust. Gas density enhancements in the form of clumps strongly affect the dust chemical composition and the grain size distributions. Silicates and pure metallic grains are highly dependent on clumpiness. Specifically, clumpy ejecta produce grains over 0.1 micron, and the final dust mass reaches 0.14 Msun. Conversely, carbon and alumina dust masses are controlled by the mass yields of alumina and carbon in the zones where the dust is produced. Several dust components form in the ejecta and the total dust mass gradually builds up over a time span of 3 to 5 years post-outburst. This gradual growth provides a possible explanation for the discrepancy between the small dust masses formed at early post-explosion times and the high dust masses derived from recent observations of supernova remnants.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
RKKY interaction on curved surfaces: Different behavior of Dirac and Schrödinger carriers as interaction mediating particles
Creators: name: Shokri, Behzad
name: Eghbali, Ali
name: Phirouznia, Arash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The RKKY interaction between two impurities on a curved surface is investigated. Practical curved sample parameters are considered for investigating curvatures, similar to those observed experimentally in available samples such as graphene. For this type of two-dimensional curved systems and for two types of Schrödinger and Dirac carriers, the RKKY interaction and local density of states (LDOS) are calculated. Results show that the strength of the RKKY interaction on a curved surface depends significantly on the nature of particles embedded on this surface, indicating that the geometry has a different effect on the dynamics of Schrödinger and Dirac carriers. While the curved surface increases the RKKY interaction strength for Schrödinger-type carriers in comparison with the flat sample, RKKY interaction decreases in the curved surface for Dirac-type particles. This can be understood regrading the effective magnetic field experienced by the Dirac particles as a result of the curved surface. There is also a correlation between LDOS and the RKKY interaction, which could be explained by the effect of conducting electrons density on the exchange interaction mediated by these carriers.
The effect of combined knockdowns of Attacins on survival and bacterial load in Tenebrio molitor
Creators: name: Keshavarz, Maryam
name: Zanchi, Caroline
name: Rolff, Jens
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: RNA interference
subject: antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)
subject: host survival
subject: Attacin
subject: Pseudomonas entomophila
subject: Tenebrio molitor
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Introduction: Upon infection, insect hosts simultaneously express a cocktail of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) which can impede pathogen colonization and increase host fitness. It has been proposed that such a cocktail might be adaptive if the effects of co-expressed AMPs are greater than the sum of individual activities. This could potentially prevent the evolution of bacterial resistance. However, in vivo studies on AMPs in combination are scarce. Attacins are one of the relatively large AMP families, which show anti-Gram-negative activity in vitro. Material and methods: Here, we used RNA interference (RNAi) to silence three members of the Attacin family genes in the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor: (TmAttacin1a (TmAtt1a), TmAttacin1b (TmAtt1b), and TmAttacin2 (TmAtt2) both individually and in combination. We then infected T. molitor with the Gram negative entomopathogen Pseudomonas entomophila. Results: We found that survival of the beetles was only affected by the knockdown of TmAttacin1b, TmAttacin2 and the knockdown of all three Attacins together. Triple knockdown, rather than individual or double knockdowns of AMPs, changes the temporal dynamics of their efficiency in controlling the colonization of P. entomophila in the insect body. Discussion: More precisely, AMP gene expression influences P. entomophila load early in the infection process, resulting in differences in host survival. Our results highlight the importance of studying AMP-interactions in vivo.
Overshooting by differential heating
Creators: name: Andrássy, R.
name: Spruit, H. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the long nuclear time scale of stellar main-sequence evolution, even weak mixing processes can become relevant for redistributing chemical species in a star. We investigate a process of "differential heating," which occurs when a temperature fluctuation propagates by radiative diffusion from the boundary of a convection zone into the adjacent radiative zone. The resulting perturbation of the hydrostatic equilibrium causes a flow that extends some distance from the convection zone. We study a simplified differential-heating problem with a static temperature fluctuation imposed on a solid boundary. The astrophysically relevant limit of a high Reynolds number and a low Péclet number (high thermal diffusivity) turns out to be interestingly non-intuitive. We derive a set of scaling relations for the stationary differential heating flow. A numerical method adapted to a high dynamic range in flow amplitude needed to detect weak flows is presented. Our two-dimensional simulations show that the flow reaches a stationary state and confirm the analytic scaling relations. These imply that the flow speed drops abruptly to a negligible value at a finite height above the source of heating. We approximate the mixing rate due to the differential heating flow in a star by a height-dependent diffusion coefficient and show that this mixing extends about $4\%$ of the pressure scale height above the convective core of a $10\,M_\odot$ zero-age main sequence star.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Energy Spatial Data Management Plan for Malawi
Creators: name: Namalima, James
name: Theu, Austin
name: Kasamba, Chisomo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Spatial Data
Energy Access
Data Management

description: Malawi’s electrification rate is one of the lowest in the SADC region at 19%. The increased penetration of off grid electrification options has made it difficult to track the access rate in real time. The need for up to date data is increasing as the 2030 target for achieving universal access is fast approaching. It is therefore, proposed that an integrated Spatial Data Management System for the energy sector should be developed to address the challenges of data capture, archiving, analysis and reporting. A system architecture and entity relationship diagram has been proposed. A work breakdown structure has also been proposed to ensure a more focused and logical approach to the roll out of the Spatial Data Infrastructure. It is expected that the fully functional SDI will unlock financing for investment in the energy sector. It will also improve the accuracy of reporting of the access rate as per the national and international requirements.
Intracellular calcite and sulfur dynamics of Achromatium cells observed in a lab-based enrichment and aerobic incubation experiment
Creators: name: Teske, A.
name: Yang, T.
name: Nielsen, L.P.
name: Bagnell, R.
name: Salman-Carvalho, V.
name: Ambrose, W.
Publisher: name: Springer Netherlands
Year: 2019

description: We investigated the intracellular dynamics of calcite and sulfur in the large sulfur-oxidizing, calcite-accumulating bacterium Achromatium, with an emphasis on oxygen exposure as a physiological control. For this purpose, morphological changes and possible accretion mechanisms of calcite granules in cells that were freshly collected from natural Achromatium-containing sediment were compared to cells from the same source after prolonged exposure to atmospheric oxygen. Intracellular sulfur is oxidized and removed in response to oxygen exposure. Calcite granules also undergo distinct oxygen-related dynamics; they alternate between tightly packaged, smooth granules with narrow but sharply defined interstitial spaces in atmospheric oxygen-exposed cells, and more loosely packaged granules with irregular, bumpy surface texture and larger interstitial spaces in cells that were not artificially exposed to oxygen. These results suggest that morphological changes of the calcite granules reflect their changing physiological role inside the cell. Sulfur oxidation and calcite dissolution appear to be linked in that proton generation during sulfur oxidation is buffered by gradual calcite erosion, visible in the smooth, rounded surface morphology observed after oxygen exposure. Our results support the hypothesis that calcite dynamics buffer the intracellular pH fluctuations linked to electron acceptor limitation during proton-consuming sulfide oxidation to sulfur, and electron acceptor abundance during proton-generating sulfur oxidation to sulfate.
ANALYSIS OF ENERGY DEMAND FOR THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR IN ITALY: A CASE STUDY FOR MUNICIPALITY OF MILAN
Creators: name: Elmaddah, Esraa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Energy Demand Assessment
Residential Sector

description: Italy has been working towards implementing the different energy efficiency and security instruments in all sectors including households. The residential sector represented around 20% of the final consumption of energy as per 2016. Accordingly, this study provides an analysis of the penetration of different energy resources in households demand in the municipality of Milan based on 2011 ISTAT census data as base-year and the following years of 2016,2021,2026 and 2031. The study took into account “the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan” targets. This presentation summarizes the project developed as part of the ICTP Joint Summer School for Sustainable Development 2023. This presentation was made to all participants of the schools with a Q and A session.
Significant contribution of As 4p orbitals to the low-lying electronic structure of 112-type iron-based superconductor Ca0.9La0.1FeAs2
Creators: name: Li, M. Y.
name: Liu, Z. T.
name: Zhou, W.
name: Yang, H. F.
name: Shen, D. W.
name: Li, W.
name: Jiang, J.
name: Niu, X. H.
name: Xie, B. P.
name: Sun, Y.
name: Fan, C. C.
name: Yao, Q.
name: Liu, J. S.
name: Shi, Z. X.
name: Xie, X. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a systematic polarization-dependent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of the three-dimensional electronic structure of the recently discovered 112-type iron-based superconductor Ca1-xLaxFeAs2 (x = 0.1). Besides the commonly reported three hole-like and two electron-like bands in iron-based superconductors, we resolve one additional hole-like band around the zone center and one more fast-dispersing band near the X point in the vicinity of Fermi level. By tuning the polarization and the energy of incident photons,we are able to identify the specific orbital characters and the kz dependence of all bands. Combining with band calculations, we find As 4pz and 4px (4py) orbitals contribute significantly to the additional three-dimensional hole-like band and the narrow band, respectively. Also, there are considerable hybridization between the As 4p zand Fe 3d orbitals in the additional hole-like band, which suggests the strong coupling between the unique arsenic zigzag bond layers and the FeAs layers therein. Our findings provide a comprehensive picture of the orbital characters of the low-lying band structure of 112-type iron-based superconductors, which can be a starting point for the further understanding of their unconventional superconductivity.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
On the geometry of elementary flux modes
Creators: name: Wieder, Frederik
name: Henk, Martin
name: Bockmayr, Alexander
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Metabolic networks
subject: Elementary flux modes
subject: Steady-state flux cone
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik

description: Elementary flux modes (EFMs) play a prominent role in the constraint-based analysis of metabolic networks. They correspond to minimal functional units of the metabolic network at steady-state and as such have been studied for almost 30 years. The set of all EFMs in a metabolic network tends to be very large and may have exponential size in the number of reactions. Hence, there is a need to elucidate the structure of this set. Here we focus on geometric properties of EFMs. We analyze the distribution of EFMs in the face lattice of the steady-state flux cone of the metabolic network and show that EFMs in the relative interior of the cone occur only in very special cases. We introduce the concept of degree of an EFM as a measure how elementary it is and study the decomposition of flux vectors and EFMs depending on their degree. Geometric analysis can help to better understand the structure of the set of EFMs, which is important from both the mathematical and the biological viewpoint.
Describing complex interactions of social-ecological systems for tipping point assessments: an analytical framework
Creators: name: Froese, Rebecca
name: Andrino, Alberto
name: Giudice, Renzo
name: Stuch, Benjamin
name: Kilian Salas, Simone
name: Böhner, Jürgen
name: Boy, Diana
name: Boy, Jens
name: Brown, Foster
name: Díaz García, Elisa
name: Figueroa, Diana
name: Frör, Oliver
name: Guggenberger, Georg
name: Horn, Marcus A.
name: Hasson, Shabeh Ul
name: Jung, Christopher
name: Lagneaux, Elisabeth G.
name: Meurer, Katharina H. E.
name: Pinzón Cuellar, Claudia
name: Schaldach, Rüdiger
name: Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto
name: Schilling, Janpeter
name: Schmidt, Fernando A.
name: Schönenberg, Regine
name: Selaya, Galia
name: Vega, Claudia M.
name: Vetter, Vanessa M. S.
name: Villavicenio, Miguel
name: Callo-Concha, Daniel
name: Jansen, Merel
name: Jungkunst, Hermann F.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: cross-impact matrix
subject: feedbacks
subject: livelihood strategy
subject: moist convection
subject: social cohesion
subject: soil functional diversity
subject: Southwestern Amazon
subject: tipping matrix
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Humans play an interconnecting role in social-ecological systems (SES), they are part of these systems and act as agents of their destruction and regulation. This study aims to provide an analytical framework, which combines the concept of SES with the concept of tipping dynamics. As a result, we propose an analytical framework describing relevant dynamics and feedbacks within SES based on two matrixes: the “tipping matrix” and the “cross-impact matrix.” We take the Southwestern Amazon as an example for tropical regions at large and apply the proposed analytical framework to identify key underlying sub-systems within the study region: the soil ecosystem, the household livelihood system, the regional social system, and the regional climate system, which are interconnected through a network of feedbacks. We consider these sub-systems as tipping elements (TE), which when put under stress, can cross a tipping point (TP), resulting in a qualitative and potentially irreversible change of the respective TE. By systematically assessing linkages and feedbacks within and between TEs, our proposed analytical framework can provide an entry point for empirically assessing tipping point dynamics such as “tipping cascades,” which means that the crossing of a TP in one TE may force the tipping of another TE. Policy implications: The proposed joint description of the structure and dynamics within and across SES in respect to characteristics of tipping point dynamics promotes a better understanding of human-nature interactions and critical linkages within regional SES that may be used for effectively informing and directing empirical tipping point assessments, monitoring or intervention purposes. Thereby, the framework can inform policy-making for enhancing the resilience of regional SES.
Additional file 1 of Innovative approaches for mycotoxin detection in various food categories
Creators: name: Boshra, Marina H.
name: El-Housseiny, Ghadir S.
name: Farag, Mohammed M. S.
name: Aboshanab, Khaled M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Comprehensive Overview of Mycotoxins: Their Varied types and forms Predominant Food Sources, Toxicity Levels, IARC Carcinogenicity Classification, and Regulatory Limits in the US and EU. Table S2. Contributing Factors to MTs Production: Effects and Required Conditions.
A nonlinear tracking algorithm with range-rate measurements based on unbiased measurement conversion
Creators: name: Jiao, Lianmeng
name: Pan, Quan
name: Liang, Yan
name: Yang, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The three-dimensional CMKF-U with only position measurements is extended to solve the nonlinear tracking problem with range-rate measurements in this paper. A pseudo measurement is constructed by the product of range and range-rate measurements to reduce the high nonlinearity of the range-rate measurements with respect to the target state; then the mean and covariance of the converted measurement errors are derived by the measurement conditioned method, showing better consistency than the transitional nested conditioning method; finally, the sequential filter was used to process the converted position and range-rate measurements sequentially to reduce the approximation error in the second-order EKF. Monte Carlo simulations show that the performance of the new tracking algorithm is better than the traditional one based on CMKF-D.
Hydrocarbon-degradation and MOS-formation capabilities of the dominant bacteria enriched in sea surface oil slicks during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
Creators: name:  Bowler, B.
name:  Morris, G.
name:  Jones, M.
name:  Salek, K.
name:  Mulloy, B.
name: Gutierrez, T.
name:  Teske, A.
name:  Ellis, D.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2018

description: A distinctive feature of the Deepwater Horizon (DwH) oil spill was the formation of significant quantities of marine oil snow (MOS), for which the mechanism(s) underlying its formation remain unresolved. Here, we show that Alteromonas strain TK-46(2), Pseudoalteromonas strain TK-105 and Cycloclasticus TK-8 – organisms that became enriched in sea surface oil slicks during the spill – contributed to the formation of MOS and/or dispersion of the oil. In roller-bottle incubations, Alteromonas cells and their produced EPS yielded MOS, whereas Pseudoalteromonas and Cycloclasticus did not. Interestingly, the Cycloclasticus strain was able to degrade n-alkanes concomitantly with aromatics within the complex oil mixture, which is atypical for members of this genus. Our findings, for the first time, provide direct evidence on the hydrocarbon-degrading capabilities for these bacteria enriched during the DwH spill, and that bacterial cells of certain species and their produced EPS played a direct role in MOS formation.
Cost analysis, generation capacity of Rwanda energy system to achieve 60% renewable share in generation mix since 2030 through horizon to 2050
Creators: name: Jovine NSEKANABANGA
name: Devothe NSHIMIYIMANA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Cost analysis; generation capacity analysis; Rwanda energy system; Renewable share; Generation mix

description: Rwanda is a landlocked country in east Africa. By vision 2050, Rwanda intends to become a middile income country with service based economy. Under this visoon, the country intends to increase GDP from 868.43 US$ per Cap to 12,476 US$ per Cap. The energy renewable share intends to reach 60% and remain at this level in following years. This study was made using OSeMOSYS tool learned under International Energy Agnecy capacity building program, specifically in “ICTP JOINT SUMMER SCHOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | 2023”. The study reflect to Rwanda energy system. The 3 scenarios were analysed BAU scenario, focus on the existing opportunities in technology and budget, Domestic focuses on energy security and promotion of domestic resources utulization (Hydro, solar and methan gas) and Renewable scenario, focus on imports, hydro utlization, solar and biomass. According to the SE4All Action Agenda and Rwanda Vision 2050, 60% of the generation mix should be from renewable sources by 2030 and beyond. The study results show less change in 2 base scenarios and clear change with adoption of renewable constraints. Here the best for costs management is renewable scenario, howver it create more emissions compared to other scenarios due to the promotion of biomass energy. This study was made for learning purposes and with reflection to the real stuation of the country. More scenarios will be created after these and data callibration will be improved in the near future.
Exploring the Impact of E-Mobility Adoption in the Transport sector on Energy Demand in Ghana
Creators: name: BOATENG DANIEL YEBOAH
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: ENERGY TRANSITION, EMOBILITY, E-VEHICLE, TRANSPORT

description: This study was made using the MAED tool to understand how the advent of E-mobility in the transport sector affects overall energy consumption in order to enable informed decision-making regarding energy policy and planning, as well as to promote a more sustainable and efficient energy system.
Thermodynamic instability of topological black holes in Gauss-Bonnet gravity with a generalized electrodynamics
Creators: name: Hendi, S. H.
name: Panahiyan, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the string corrections on the gravity and electrodynamics sides, we consider a quadratic Maxwell invariant term as a correction of the Maxwell Lagrangian to obtain exact solutions of higher dimensional topological black holes in Gauss-Bonnet gravity. We first investigate the asymptotically flat solutions and obtain conserved and thermodynamic quantities which satisfy the first law of thermodynamics. We also analyze thermodynamic stability of the solutions by calculating the heat capacity and the Hessian matrix. Then, we focus on horizon-flat solutions with adS asymptote and produce a rotating spacetime with a suitable transformation. In addition, we calculate the conserved and thermodynamic quantities for asymptotically adS black branes which satisfy the first law of thermodynamics. Finally, we perform thermodynamic instability criterion to investigate the effects of nonlinear electrodynamics in canonical and grand canonical ensembles.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Size-selective accretion of dust onto CPDs: Low CPD masses and filtration of larger grains
Creators: name: Karlin, Samuel M.
name: Panić, Olja
name: van Loo, Sven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The major satellites of Jupiter and Saturn are believed to have formed in circumplanetary discs, which orbit forming giant protoplanets. Gas and dust in CPDs have different distributions and affect each other by drag, which varies with grain size. Yet simulations of multiple dust grain sizes with separate dynamics have not been done before. We seek to assess how much dust of each grain size there is in circumplanetary discs. We run multifluid 3D hydrodynamical simulations including gas and four discrete grain sizes of dust from 1$μ$m to 1mm, representing a continuous distribution. We consider a 1 $M_\mathrm{Jup}$ protoplanet embedded in a protoplanetary disc around a 1 $M_{\odot}$ star. Our results show a truncated MRN distribution at smaller grain sizes, which starts to tail off by $a=100μ$m and is near zero at 1mm. Large dust grains, which hold most of the dust mass, have very inefficient accretion to the CPD, due to dust filtration. Therefore CPDs' dust masses must be small, with mass ratio ~ a few $\times 10^{-6}$ to the protoplanet. These masses and the corresponding millimetre opacities are in line with CPD fluxes observed to date.
description: 14 pages, 15 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Expansive microbial metabolic versatility and biodiversity in dynamic Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediments
Creators: name: Teske, A.P.
name: Baker, B.J.
name: Dombrowski, N.
Publisher: name: Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2018

description: Microbes in Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California) hydrothermal sediments thrive on hydrocarbons and sulfur and experience steep, fluctuating temperature and chemical gradients. The functional capacities of communities inhabiting this dynamic habitat are largely unknown. Here, we reconstructed 551 genomes from hydrothermally influenced, and nearby cold sediments belonging to 56 phyla (40 uncultured). These genomes comprise 22 unique lineages, including five new candidate phyla. In contrast to findings from cold hydrocarbon seeps, hydrothermal-associated communities are more diverse and archaea dominate over bacteria. Genome-based metabolic inferences provide first insights into the ecological niches of these uncultured microbes, including methane cycling in new Crenarchaeota and alkane utilization in ANME-1. These communities are shaped by a high biodiversity, partitioning among nitrogen and sulfur pathways and redundancy in core carbon-processing pathways. The dynamic sediments select for distinctive microbial communities that stand out by expansive biodiversity, and open up new physiological perspectives into hydrothermal ecosystem function.
Mental health across two years of the COVID-19 pandemic: a 5-wave longitudinal study in Germany
Creators: name: Weber, Maxi
name: Burchert, Sebastian
name: Sijbrandij, Marit
name: Patanè, Martina
name: Pinucci, Irene
name: Renneberg, Babette
name: Knaevelsrud, Christine
name: Schumacher, Sarah
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: mental health
subject: depression
subject: anxiety
subject: pandemic
subject: longitudinal
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: The COVID-19 pandemic has been negatively associated with mental health. However, little is known about the temporal dynamics of mental health in the longer term of the pandemic. We aimed to investigate symptom levels and changes of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and loneliness spanning two years of the pandemic; and to examine associated risk factors. This five-wave, longitudinal online study from May 2020 to April 2022 included 636 adults (Mage = 39.5 years, SD = 16.11; 84.1% female) from the German general population who completed the international COVID-19 Mental Health Survey. Symptoms of anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; GAD-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PHQ-9), posttraumatic stress (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; PCL-5), and loneliness (“Do you feel lonely?”) were assessed using mixed-effects models. Associations with anxiety and depressive symptoms were examined with having children, student status, financial worries, contamination fear, and loneliness. PHQ-9, GAD-7, PCL-5, and loneliness scores overall decreased throughout the two-year period of the pandemic but exhibited an increase during two national lockdowns. Controlled for significant associations with female gender and younger age, increased PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were associated with contamination fear, financial worries, and loneliness. No associations were found with having children and student status. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and loneliness decreased over time but varied along with the dynamics of the pandemic. Longitudinal monitoring of mental health in vulnerable subgroups is required, especially those of younger age, females, and the financially insecure.