cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Internal interannual variability in the extra-tropical stratosphere
Creators: name: Hatfield, Luke Anthony
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2021

description: We investigate persistent low-frequency variability of the stratospheric winter polar vortex in a rotating spherical shallow-water model under the action of topographic wave-forcing and radiative cooling to a simple time-varying equilibrium state representative of the seasonal cycle in solar heating. A range of modes of variability is obtained, dependent on wave forcing amplitude and characterized by the distribution of quiescent and disturbed winters, defined as winters in which the vortex is either close to radiative equilibrium, with low planetary wave amplitude, or else strongly disturbed from equilibrium by the wave forcing. At low forcing amplitude the vortex is typically quiescent every year, while at higher amplitude it is typically disturbed; in both cases there is little year-to-year variation of the vortex state. For a range of intermediate forcing amplitudes, however, the vortex transitions between quiescent and disturbed states from one winter to the next with a persistent and well-defined pattern of variability. To investigate the extent to which the low-frequency variability found here may be explained in terms of a low-latitude ywheel mechanism, we conduct additional experiments varying a linear drag on the zonal mean ow in the tropics and find that sufficiently strong drag can completely suppress the variability. The robustness of the variability is demonstrated by further experiments using a modified radiative equilibrium profile, associated with a tropical westerly flow: similar variability is obtained but the modified profile is less effective at constraining the tropical ow from a persistent easterly acceleration.
A search for gravitational lensing in 38 X-ray selected clusters of galaxies
Creators: name: Luppino, G. A.
name: Gioia, I. M.
name: Hammer, F.
name: Fevre, O. Le
name: Annis, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a CCD imaging survey for gravitational lensing in a sample of 38 X-ray-selected clusters of galaxies. Our sample consists of the most X-ray luminous (Lx>= 2x10^{44} erg s^{-1}) clusters selected from the Einstein Observatory Extended Medium Sensitivity Survey (EMSS) that are observable from Mauna Kea (dec > -40deg). The sample spans a redshift range of 0.15 < z < 0.823 and includes 5 clusters with z > 0.5. CCD images of the clusters were obtained in excellent seeing. There is evidence of strong gravitational lensing in the form of giant arcs (length l > 8'', axis ratio l/w > 10) in 8 of the 38 clusters. Two additional clusters contain shorter arclets, and 6 more clusters contain candidate arcs that require follow-up observations to confirm their lensing origin. Since the survey does not have a uniform surface brightness limit we do not draw any conclusion based on the statistics of the arcs found. We note, however, that 60% (3 of 5) of the clusters with Lx > 10^{45} erg s^{-1}, and none of the 15 clusters with Lx < 4x10^{44} erg s^{-1} contain giant arcs, thereby confirming that high X-ray luminosity does identify the most massive systems, and thus X-ray selection is the preferred method for finding true, rich clusters at intermediate and high redshifts. The observed geometry of the arcs, most of which are thin, have large axis ratios (l/w > 10), and are aligned orthogonal to the optical major axes of the clusters, indicate the cluster core mass density profiles must be compact (steeper than isothermal). In several cases, however, there is also some evidence, in the form of possible radial arcs, for density profiles with finite core radii.
description: Latex file, 17 pages, 7 jpeg figures, to be published in Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplements
ALEX17 Diurnal Cycles Benchmark Kick-Off
Creators: name: Santos, Pedro Alvim De Azevedo
name: Arroyo, Roberto Aurelio Chávez
name: Rodrigo, Javier Sanz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: wind energy
wakebench
complex terrain
CFD
mesoscale
validation
benchmark

description: Presentation on the kick-off of the "ALEX17 Diurnal Cycles Benchmark" coordinated within the IEA Wind Task 31, consisting on a 4-day episode for flow modellers to simulate the interaction of mountain-valley winds with mesoscale forcing and thermal stratification to drive wind energy siting conditions.
Nowhere-uniform continuity of the solution map of the Camassa-Holm equation in Besov spaces
Creators: name: Li, Jinlu
name: Yu, Yanghai
name: Zhu, Weipeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the paper, we gave a strengthening of our previous work in [32] (J. Differ. Equ. 269 (2020)) and proved that the data-to-solution map for the Camassa-Holm equation is nowhere uniformly continuous in $B^s_{p,r}(\R)$ with $s>\max\{1+1/{p},3/2\}$ and $(p,r)\in [1,\infty]\times[1,\infty)$. The method applies also to the b-family of equations which contain the Camassa-Holm and Degasperis-Procesi equations.
description: The content of arXiv article 2207.08190 "Nowhere-uniform continuity of the solution map of the Camassa-Holm equation in Besov spaces" is included by the content of new updated arXiv article 2112.14104 "Non-uniform dependence on initial data for the Camassa--Holm equation in Besov spaces: Revisited" which is published in Journal of Differential Equations 390 (2024) 426-450
Modification of "Counterfactual communication protocols" which eliminates weak particle traces
Creators: name: Aharonov, Yakir
name: Vaidman, Lev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Possibility to communicate between spatially separated regions, without even a single photon passing between the two parties, is an amazing quantum phenomenon. The possibility of transmitting one value of a bit in such a way, the interaction-free measurement, was known for quarter of a century. The protocols of full communication, including transmitting unknown quantum states were proposed only few years ago, but it was shown that in all these protocols the particle was leaving a weak trace in the transmission channel, the trace larger than the trace left by a single particle passing through the channel. This made the claim of counterfactuality of these protocols at best controversial. However, a simple modification of these recent protocols eliminates the trace in the transmission channel making all these protocols counterfactual.
description: To be published as Rapid Communication in Physical Review A
Partial sums of typical multiplicative functions over short moving intervals
Creators: name: Pandey, Mayank
name: Wang, Victor Y.
name: Xu, Max Wenqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that the $k$-th positive integer moment of partial sums of Steinhaus random multiplicative functions over the interval $(x, x+H]$ matches the corresponding Gaussian moment, as long as $H\ll x/(\log x)^{2k^2+2+o(1)}$ and $H$ tends to infinity with $x$. We show that properly normalized partial sums of typical multiplicative functions arising from realizations of random multiplicative functions have Gaussian limiting distribution in short moving intervals $(x, x+H]$ with $H\ll X/(\log X)^{W(X)}$ tending to infinity with $X$, where $x$ is uniformly chosen from $\{1,2,\dots, X\}$, and $W(X)$ tends to infinity with $X$ arbitrarily slowly. This makes some initial progress on a recent question of Harper.
description: 19 pages; final version, with some minor differences to the published version
Generative Quantile Regression with Variability Penalty
Creators: name: Wang, Shijie
name: Shin, Minsuk
name: Bai, Ray
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Quantile regression and conditional density estimation can reveal structure that is missed by mean regression, such as multimodality and skewness. In this paper, we introduce a deep learning generative model for joint quantile estimation called Penalized Generative Quantile Regression (PGQR). Our approach simultaneously generates samples from many random quantile levels, allowing us to infer the conditional distribution of a response variable given a set of covariates. Our method employs a novel variability penalty to avoid the problem of vanishing variability, or memorization, in deep generative models. Further, we introduce a new family of partial monotonic neural networks (PMNN) to circumvent the problem of crossing quantile curves. A major benefit of PGQR is that it can be fit using a single optimization, thus bypassing the need to repeatedly train the model at multiple quantile levels or use computationally expensive cross-validation to tune the penalty parameter. We illustrate the efficacy of PGQR through extensive simulation studies and analysis of real datasets. Code to implement our method is available at https://github.com/shijiew97/PGQR.
Improving saliency models' predictions of the next fixation with humans' intrinsic cost of gaze shifts
Creators: name: Kadner, Florian
name: Thomas, Tobias
name: Hoppe, David
name: Rothkopf, Constantin A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The human prioritization of image regions can be modeled in a time invariant fashion with saliency maps or sequentially with scanpath models. However, while both types of models have steadily improved on several benchmarks and datasets, there is still a considerable gap in predicting human gaze. Here, we leverage two recent developments to reduce this gap: theoretical analyses establishing a principled framework for predicting the next gaze target and the empirical measurement of the human cost for gaze switches independently of image content. We introduce an algorithm in the framework of sequential decision making, which converts any static saliency map into a sequence of dynamic history-dependent value maps, which are recomputed after each gaze shift. These maps are based on 1) a saliency map provided by an arbitrary saliency model, 2) the recently measured human cost function quantifying preferences in magnitude and direction of eye movements, and 3) a sequential exploration bonus, which changes with each subsequent gaze shift. The parameters of the spatial extent and temporal decay of this exploration bonus are estimated from human gaze data. The relative contributions of these three components were optimized on the MIT1003 dataset for the NSS score and are sufficient to significantly outperform predictions of the next gaze target on NSS and AUC scores for five state of the art saliency models on three image data sets. Thus, we provide an implementation of human gaze preferences, which can be used to improve arbitrary saliency models' predictions of humans' next gaze targets.
Epstein Barr Virus genome variation and functional analysis of the IR-1 internal repeat
Creators: name: Correia, Samantha
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), a human gammaherpesvirus, establishes lifelong infection in B lymphocytes and is associated with a variety of malignancies including; Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Due to the differences in geographical prevalence and expression patterns of EBV associated malignancies, it has been hypothesised that variation between EBV strains contributes to these malignancies. To investigate the natural variation of EBV strains, isolates were either collected or donated by contributors from a variety of sources; such as saliva, cell lines and tumour biopsies, which following DNA extraction and quantification, were Next-Generation sequenced. Analysis of saliva isolates determined that 50\% of isolates were co-infected with both type 1 and type 2 strains and, type 2 strains although most commonly found in Sub-Saharan Africa, were found to be the predominant strain within some British Caucasian individuals. Highly polymorphic proteins, EBNA-1 and LMP-1, were characterised into subtypes and following analysis, found to be both geographically and ethnically associated but not cancer associated. Certain EBNA-1 and LMP-1 subtypes were found to be linked and polymorphisms throughout the EBNA-1 protein were associated with specific 487 codons. Most of the EBV genome has been characterised but the complete function of the large internal repeat (IR-1), which typically consists of 5-8 copies of a 3 kilo base repeat unit, remains unclear. This repeat array is known to contain the latency promoter Wp, used initially during B cell infection, and the W1 and W2 exons which make up the repeat region of the EBNA-LP protein. Other components of the IR-1; the BWRF1 open reading frame and a 512bp inverted repeat both remain uncharacterised. Through the production of an inverted repeat knockout ($\Delta$invR) B95-8 EBV BAC, this study found that the inverted repeat is essential for B cell immortalisation and plays a role in virus production.
Calibrating UV Emissivity And Dust Absorption At z \approx 3
Creators: name: Meurer, Gerhardt R.
name: Heckman, Timothy M.
name: Calzetti, Daniela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We detail a technique for estimating the UV extinction and luminosity of UV selected galaxies using UV quantities alone. The technique is based on a tight correlation between the ratios of far infrared (FIR) to UV flux ratios and UV color for a sample of local starbursts. A simple empirical fit to this correlation can be used to estimate UV extinction as a function of color. This method is applied to a sample of Lyman-break systems selected from the HDF and having $z \approx 3$. The resultant UV emissivity is at least nine times higher than the original Madau et al. (1996) estimate. This technique can be readily applied to other rest-frame UV surveys.
description: To appear in "After The Dark Ages: When Galaxies Were Young", edited by S.S. Holt, and E.P. Smith. 4 pages, 3 figures
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project: Accretion-Disk Sizes from Continuum Lags
Creators: name: Homayouni, Y.
name: Trump, Jonathan R.
name: Grier, C. J.
name: Shen, Yue
name: Starkey, D. A.
name: Brandt, W. N.
name: Alvarez, G. Fonseca
name: Hall, P. B.
name: Horne, Keith
name: Kinemuchi, Karen
name: Li, Jennifer I-Hsiu
name: McGreer, Ian
name: Sun, Mouyuan
name: Ho, L. C.
name: Schneider, D. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present accretion-disk structure measurements from continuum lags in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping (SDSS-RM) project. Lags are measured using the \texttt{JAVELIN} software from the first-year SDSS-RM $g$ and $i$ photometry, resulting in well-defined lags for 95 quasars, 33 of which have lag SNR $>$ 2$σ$. We also estimate lags using the \texttt{ICCF} software and find consistent results, though with larger uncertainties. Accretion-disk structure is fit using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach, parameterizing the measured continuum lags as a function of disk size normalization, wavelength, black hole mass, and luminosity. In contrast with previous observations, our best-fit disk sizes and color profiles are consistent (within 1.5~$σ$) with the \citet{SS73} analytic solution. We also find that more massive quasars have larger accretion disks, similarly consistent with the analytic accretion-disk model. The data are inconclusive on a correlation between disk size and continuum luminosity, with results that are consistent with both no correlation and with the \citet{SS73} expectation. The continuum lag fits have a large excess dispersion, indicating that our measured lag errors are underestimated and/or our best-fit model may be missing the effects of orientation, spin, and/or radiative efficiency. We demonstrate that fitting disk parameters using only the highest-SNR lag measurements biases best-fit disk sizes to be larger than the disk sizes recovered using a Bayesian approach on the full sample of well-defined lags.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 20 pages and 15 figures. Complete version of table 1 and full figure set (similar to figure 4) are provided through http://www.phys.uconn.edu/~jtrump/sdssrmdisk_table1.txt http://www.phys.uconn.edu/~jtrump/sdssrmdisk_figset.zip
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Magny-lès-Aubigny et Montot (XVe siècle), Cart. 183 (11 H 821), 21 folios, f. 0018
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2015
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire

description: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Magny-lès-Aubigny et Montot (XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 183 (11 H 821), 21 folios, f. 0018, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Magny-lès-Aubigny et Montot (XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 183 (11 H 821), 21 folios, f. 0018, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Ongoing Gas Stripping in the Virgo Cluster Spiral NGC 4522
Creators: name: Kenney, Jeffrey D. P.
name: Koopmann, Rebecca A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Virgo cluster galaxy NGC 4522 is one of the best spiral candidates for ICM-ISM stripping in action. Optical broadband and H-alpha images from the WIYN telescope of the highly inclined galaxy reveal a relatively undisturbed stellar disk and a peculiar distribution of H-alpha emission. Ten percent of the H-alpha emission arises from extraplanar HII regions which appear to lie within filamentary structures >3 kpc long above one side of the disk. The filaments emerge from the outer edge of a disk of bright H-alpha emission which is abruptly truncated beyond 0.35R(25). Together the truncated H-alpha disk and extraplanar H-alpha filaments are reminiscent of a bow shock morphology, which strongly suggests that the interstellar medium (ISM) of NGC 4522 is being stripped by the gas pressure of the intracluster medium (ICM). The galaxy has a line-of-sight velocity of 1300 km/sec with respect to the mean Virgo cluster velocity, and thus is expected to experience a strong interaction with the intracluster gas. The existence of HII regions apparently located above the disk plane suggests that star formation is occuring in the stripped gas, and that newly formed stars will enter the galaxy halo and/or intracluster space. The absence of HII regions in the disk beyond 0.35R(25), and the existence of HII regions in the stripped gas suggest that even molecular gas has been effectively removed from the disk of the galaxy.
description: to appear in The Astronomical Journal, 16 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Loxia cardinalis Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Fringillidae
Loxia
Loxia cardinalis

description: Loxia cardinalis [spec. nov.]
L. rubra, facie nigra. Chin. Lagerstr. 13.
Cardinalis. Will. orn. 245. t. 44. f. 8.
Coccothraustes capensis ruber, rostro hiante. Pet. gaz. 16. t. 16. f. 7.
Coccothraustes rubra. Catesb. car. 1. p. 38. t. 38. Frisch. ornith. 1. t. 4. f. 1.
Coccothraustes indica cristata. Alb. orn. 1. p. 55. t. 57. & 3. t. 61. Aldr. orn l. 16. c. 21. Raj. av. 85.
Psittacus cristatus ruber. Seb. mus. 1. p. 96. t. 60. f. 4.
Habitat in America septentrionali.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 172, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 1: of Crescentic glomerulonephritis with anti-GBM antibody but no glomerular deposition
Creators: name: Sadeghi-Alavijeh, Omid
name: Henderson, Scott
name: Bass, Paul
name: Cook, Terence
name: DeGroot, Kirsten
name: Salama, Alan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S1. Western blot using whole human collagenase solubilized GBM using positive control (patient with circulating anti-GBM antibodies with linear glomerular binding and crescentic nephritis) and patients 3 and 4, demonstrating binding to alpha 3 dimers and monomers in the positive control but only dimers in patients 3 and 4. (PDF 18 kb)
Experimental Observation and Description of Bandgaps Opening in Chiral Phononic Crystals by Analogy with Thomson scattering
Creators: name: Ding, Wei
name: Chen, Tianning
name: Chen, Chen
name: Chronopoulos, Dimitrios
name: Assouar, Badreddine
name: Zhu, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral phononic crystals provide unique properties not offered by conventional phononic material based on Bragg scattering and local resonance. However, it is insufficient to only consider the inertial amplification effect in chiral phononic crystals. Here, we theoretically and experimentally introduce the analogy with Thomson scattering to characterize the bandgap phenomena in chiral phononic crystals. Two phononic structures are proposed and discussed, one with translationrotation coupling and another with translation-translation coupling. The two lattices are different in appearance but have similar bandgaps. Thomson scattering in electromagnetic waves was drawn on to describe the coupling motion of the unit cells. We evidence that the bandgap generation is essentially based on the analogous Thomson scattering aiming to achieve an anti-phase superposition of the waves in the same polarization mode. This finding sheds new light on the physics of the elastodynamic wave manipulation in chiral phononic crystals and opens a remarkable route for their pragmatic implementation.
The Radio Emission of the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 7319
Creators: name: Aoki, K.
name: Kosugi, G.
name: Wilson, A. S.
name: Yoshida, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present VLA maps of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 7319 at 3.6, 6, and 20 cm. Sub-arcsecond resolution is achieved at 3.6 and 6 cm. The radio emission exhibits a triple structure on a scale of ~4'' (1.7 kpc). All three components have steep spectra, consistent with synchrotron radiation. We have also analyzed an HST archival, broad-band red image, which contains structure related to the radio components. In particular, a V-shaped feature in the HST image some 3.7'' (1.6 kpc) southwest of the nucleus is associated with highly blueshifted emission lines seen in ground-based spectra. We interpret the V-shaped feature as emission from gas compressed by the bow shock driven by the outwardly moving radio plasmoid.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures (fig. 6 is a color PS), to be published in The Astrophysical Journal April 20, 1999 issue
Symbolic execution of verification languages and floating-point code
Creators: name: Liew, Daniel Simon
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: The focus of this thesis is a program analysis technique named symbolic execution. We present three main contributions to this field. First, an investigation into comparing several state-of-the-art program analysis tools at the level of an intermediate verification language over a large set of benchmarks, and improvements to the state-of-the-art of symbolic execution for this language. This is explored via a new tool, Symbooglix, that operates on the Boogie intermediate verification language. Second, an investigation into performing symbolic execution of floating-point programs via a standardised theory of floating-point arithmetic that is supported by several existing constraint solvers. This is investigated via two independent extensions of the KLEE symbolic execution engine to support reasoning about floating-point operations (with one tool developed by the thesis author). Third, an investigation into the use of coverage-guided fuzzing as a means for solving constraints over finite data types, inspired by the difficulties associated with solving floating-point constraints. The associated prototype tool, JFS, which builds on the LibFuzzer project, can at present be applied to a wide range of SMT queries over bit-vector and floating-point variables, and shows promise on floating-point constraints.
Additional file 3: of Civil servants' demand for social health insurance in Northwest Ethiopia
Creators: name: Sahilu Yeshiwas
name: Mengistu Kiflie
name: Atinkut Zeleke
name: Mihiretu Kebede
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Table S1. Demographic and socio-economic characteristics among civil servants in Bahir Dar town (nâ =â 488). (DOCX 19 kb)
Learning to Incorporate Texture Saliency Adaptive Attention to Image Cartoonization
Creators: name: Gao, Xiang
name: Zhang, Yuqi
name: Tian, Yingjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Image cartoonization is recently dominated by generative adversarial networks (GANs) from the perspective of unsupervised image-to-image translation, in which an inherent challenge is to precisely capture and sufficiently transfer characteristic cartoon styles (e.g., clear edges, smooth color shading, abstract fine structures, etc.). Existing advanced models try to enhance cartoonization effect by learning to promote edges adversarially, introducing style transfer loss, or learning to align style from multiple representation space. This paper demonstrates that more distinct and vivid cartoonization effect could be easily achieved with only basic adversarial loss. Observing that cartoon style is more evident in cartoon-texture-salient local image regions, we build a region-level adversarial learning branch in parallel with the normal image-level one, which constrains adversarial learning on cartoon-texture-salient local patches for better perceiving and transferring cartoon texture features. To this end, a novel cartoon-texture-saliency-sampler (CTSS) module is proposed to dynamically sample cartoon-texture-salient patches from training data. With extensive experiments, we demonstrate that texture saliency adaptive attention in adversarial learning, as a missing ingredient of related methods in image cartoonization, is of significant importance in facilitating and enhancing image cartoon stylization, especially for high-resolution input pictures.
description: Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), PMLR 162:7183-7207, 2022
Quark mean-field model for nuclear matter with or without bag
Creators: name: Zhu, Zhen-Yu
name: Li, Ang
name: Hu, Jin-Niu
name: Shen, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the new quark mean-field bag (QMFB) model by incorporating the bag confinement mechanism in the original quark mean-field model. Nuclear matter and neutron star properties are studied with the QMFB model. For the study of the bag effect, we newly fit 12 parameter sets by reproducing the empirical saturation properties of nuclear matter. Quark confinement is found to be mainly demonstrated by the bag after it is included in the model, instead of the confining potential. For nuclear matter, the bag decreases the binding energy and increases the symmetry energy. For neutron star, the bag affects significantly the radius $R$ of a $1.4M_\odot$ star, with the maximum mass only slightly modified. The bag also has a large suppression effect on the well-accepted $R$ vs $L$ dependence, with $L$ the symmetry energy slope at the saturation density.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, Phys. Rev. C accepted
Neutrino emission due to Cooper pairing of nucleons in cooling neutron stars
Creators: name: Yakovlev, D. G.
name: Kaminker, A. D.
name: Levenfish, K. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutrino energy emission rate due to formation of Cooper pairs of neutrons and protons in the superfluid cores of neutron stars is studied. The cases of singlet-state pairing with isotropic superfluid gap and triplet-state pairing with anisotropic gap are analysed. The neutrino emission due to singlet-state pairing of protons is found to be greatly suppressed with respect to the cases of singlet- and triplet-state pairings of neutrons. The neutrino emission due to pairing of neutrons is shown to be very important in the superfluid neutron-star cores with the standard neutrino luminosity and with the luminosity enhanced by the direct Urca process. It can greatly accelerate both, standard and enhanced, cooling of neutron stars with superfluid cores. This enables one to interpret the data on surface temperatures of six neutron stars, obtained by fitting the observed spectra with the hydrogen atmosphere models, by the standard cooling with moderate nucleon superfluidity.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, uses aa.cls, Astronomy and Astrophysics (accepted)
Transient optoelectronic characterisation and simulation of perovskite solar cells
Creators: name: Calado, Philip
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Lead halide perovskites are a class of solution-processable semiconductor materials showing great potential for photovoltaic applications. While perovskite solar cell (PSC) efficiencies have escalated rapidly to beyond 22% in recent years, the materials suffer from a number of chemical instabilities and the processes underlying the optoelectronic response of devices are not well understood. This thesis investigates the device physics of PSCs using novel transient optoelectronic measurements combined with device simulation. A one-dimensional numerical drift-diffusion model capable of solving for electrons, holes and a single ionic charge carrier was developed to simulate perovskite devices. The inclusion of a high density of mobile ionic species in the absorber layer is found to have important consequences on both device performance and the interpretation of established measurements. Transient optoelectronic measurements are presented showing that mobile ions are present in architectures of PSC that do not exhibit current-voltage hysteresis. Simulations of p-i-n structured devices indicate that a combination of mobile ions and field-dependent interfacial recombination rates are critical to reproducing hysteresis. Transient ideality factor measurements are used to identify the dominant recombination mechanisms in PSCs. Changes in the perceived ideality factor are correlated to localised recombination, the charge carrier population overlap, and ion density profiles in simulated devices. Simulations are used to assess the validity of a zero-dimensional model applied to small perturbation transient photovoltage (TPV) measurements on perovskite devices. Two analytical models are proposed to explain the different regimes of behaviour in devices with high rates of interfacial recombination. The TPV decay in perovskites is identified as being predominantly a measure of the transport properties of the absorber layer. Together these findings demonstrate the combined power of experimental measurements and simulation to improve our physical understanding of new semiconductor technologies.
Stochastic approximations to the Pitman-Yor process
Creators: name: Arbel, Julyan
name: De Blasi, Pierpaolo
name: Pruenster, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we consider approximations to the popular Pitman-Yor process obtained by truncating the stick-breaking representation. The truncation is determined by a random stopping rule that achieves an almost sure control on the approximation error in total variation distance. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the random truncation point as the approximation error epsilon goes to zero in terms of a polynomially tilted positive stable distribution. The practical usefulness and effectiveness of this theoretical result is demonstrated by devising a sampling algorithm to approximate functionals of the epsilon-version of the Pitman-Yor process.
description: 19 pages
An Universal Image Attractiveness Ranking Framework
Creators: name: Ma, Ning
name: Volkov, Alexey
name: Livshits, Aleksandr
name: Pietrusinski, Pawel
name: Hu, Houdong
name: Bolin, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a new framework to rank image attractiveness using a novel pairwise deep network trained with a large set of side-by-side multi-labeled image pairs from a web image index. The judges only provide relative ranking between two images without the need to directly assign an absolute score, or rate any predefined image attribute, thus making the rating more intuitive and accurate. We investigate a deep attractiveness rank net (DARN), a combination of deep convolutional neural network and rank net, to directly learn an attractiveness score mean and variance for each image and the underlying criteria the judges use to label each pair. The extension of this model (DARN-V2) is able to adapt to individual judge's personal preference. We also show the attractiveness of search results are significantly improved by using this attractiveness information in a real commercial search engine. We evaluate our model against other state-of-the-art models on our side-by-side web test data and another public aesthetic data set. With much less judgments (1M vs 50M), our model outperforms on side-by-side labeled data, and is comparable on data labeled by absolute score.
description: Accepted by 2019 Winter Conference on Application of Computer Vision (WACV)
Loxia dominicana Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Fringillidae
Loxia
Loxia dominicana

description: Loxia dominicana [spec. nov.]
L. nigra, capite gulaque coccineis, pectore abdomine remigumque margine albis. Chin. Lagerstr. 14.
Rubicilla americana. Will. orn. 180. Raj. av. 86.
Cardinalis dominicanus. Edw. av. 127. t. 127.
Gviralivica. Marcgr. bras. 211.
Habitat in Brasilia.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 172, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Fabrication of novel nanostructures for plasmonic fluorescence enhancements and biosensing applications
Creators: name: Price, Daniel
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Nanotechnology has moved fabrication of devices into smaller dimensions opening interesting and novel avenues to existing materials science. Once in the nano-regime structures are not solely defined by the classic models but start to enter the quantum domain. One such phenomena that arises is the introduction of plasmon resonance of metallic nanostructures and film surfaces. The field of fluorescence imaging is rapidly expanding due to the plasmonic properties of metallic nanostructures. This is because they enhance the fluorescence intensity of nearby fluorophores known as metal enhanced fluorescence (MEF). There has been much recent research of near-field (light propagated/detected closer than one wavelength in distance to the surface) fluorescence in the presence of metallic nanoparticles. A literature review of current novel nanostructures and those showing high MEF is given whilst considering fabrication. Often with publications showing great enhancements, up scalability, reproducibility and cost are not considered. A review of MEF used in biosensing and biological settings to show viability of this research to real life applications is also given. Colloidal lithography is chosen as a viable cheap fabrication method for depositing monolayers of hexagonally closed packed (HCP) polystyrene (PS) masks. PS ‘fished’ from a water surface, assembled on Si wafers, and vertical dip-coating were chosen as the lithography techniques. Gold and SiO2 were deposited by physical vapour deposition methods to create films and nanotriangle arrays through the masks. By altering the mask morphology, changing pH during deposition or oxygen plasma, and PS size, the plasmonic resonance can be tuned. Nanotriangle arrays alone and coupled with a gold-film spaced with SiO2 films were fabricated and characterised for MEF. Trilayer nanotriangle arrays with Au-SiO2-Au layering were produced, as were arrays with HCP gold nanoparticle arrays already lain. Maximum enhancements factors found for nanotriangle arrays and film-coupled nanotriangle arrays were 45X and 371X respectively.
Impact of topology on the impurity effects in extended $s$-wave superconductors with spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Mashkoori, M.
name: Moghaddam, A. G.
name: Hajibabaee, M. H.
name: Black-Schaffer, A. M.
name: Parhizgar, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the impact of topology on the existence of impurity subgap states in a time-reversal-invariant superconductor with an extended $s$-wave pairing and strong spin-orbit coupling. By simply tuning the chemical potential we access three distinct phases: topologically trivial $s$-wave, topologically non-trivial $s_\pm$-wave, and nodal superconducting phase. For a single potential impurity we find subgap impurity bound states in the topological phase, but notably no subgap states in the trivial phase. These subgap impurity states have always finite energies for any strength of the potential scattering and subsequently, the superconducting gap in the topological $s_\pm$-wave phase survives but is attenuated in the presence of finite disorder. By creating islands of potential impurities we smoothly connect the single impurity results to topological edge states of impurity island. On the other hand, magnetic impurities lead to the formation of Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states in both the trivial and topological phases, which even reach zero energy at certain scattering strengths. We thus propose that potential impurities can be a very valuable tool to detect time-reversal-invariant topological superconductivity.
description: 9 pages, 8figures: Fig.8 added to Sec.III and the references are updated
Sturnus cinclus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Sturnidae
Sturnus
Sturnus cinclus

description: Sturnus cinclus [spec. nov.]
S. niger, pectore albo.
Motacilla pectore albo, corpore nigro. Fn. svec. 216.
Merula aquatica. Gesn. av. 609. Aldr. orn. l. 20. c. 54. Will. orn. 104. t. 24. Raj. av. 66. n. 7. Alb. av. 2. p. 36. t. 39.
Habitat in Europa ad aquas: Hyeme ad cataractas, fontesque non congelandos, ubi descendit per voragines voratura Oniscos aquaticos Insectaque alia: emergitque non palmipes, hyeme solitaria, aestate plerumque gemina versatur. Mere insectivora nec granivora, naribus laminula fere clausis distincta a Motacillis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 168, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Numerical modelling of local scour with computational methods
Creators: name: Nunez Rattia, Juan Mauricio
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Evaluating bed morphological evolution (specifically the scoured bed level) accurately using computational modelling is critical for analyses of the stability of many marine and coastal structures, such as piers, groynes, breakwaters, submarine pipelines and even telecommunication cables. This thesis considers the coupled hydrodynamic and morphodynamic modelling of the local scour around hydraulic structures, such as near a vertical pile or near a horizontal pipe. The focus in this study is on applying a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) approach to simulate the morphodynamical behaviour of the bed deformation, replacing the structural (i.e. solid mechanics) equation by the sediment continuity equation or Exner equation. Specifically, this works presents a novel method of mesh movement with anisotropic mesh adaptivity based on optimization for simulating local scour near structures with discontinuous Garlerkin (DG) discretisation methods for solving the flow field. Amongst the other goals of this work is the validation of the proposed procedure with previously performed laboratory as well as two- and three-dimensional numerical experiments. Additionally, performance is considered using an implementation of the methodology within Fluidity (http://fluidityproject.github.io/), an open-source, multi-physics, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, capable of handling arbitrary multi-scale unstructured tetrahedral meshes and including algorithms to perform dynamic anisotropic mesh adaptivity and mesh movement. The flexibility over mesh structure and resolution that these optimisation capabilities provide makes it potentially highly suitable for accounting the extreme bed morphological evolution close to a fixed solid structure under the action of hydrodynamics. Galerkin-based finite element methods have been used for the hydrodynamics (including discontinuous Galerkin discretisations) and morphological calculations, and automatic mesh deformation has been utilised to account for bed evolution changes while preserving the validity and quality of the mesh. Finally, the work extends the scope in regards of computational methods and considers scour modelling with pure Lagrangian and meshless methods such as smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), which have also become of interest in the analysis and modelling of coastal sediment transport, particularly in scour-related processes. The SPH modelling is considered in a two-phase, flow-sediment fully Lagrangian scour simulation where the discrete-particle interaction forces between phases are resolved at the interface and continuous changes in the bed profile are obtained naturally.
A Test for Large-Scale Systematic Errors in Maps of Galactic Reddening
Creators: name: Hudson, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate maps of Galactic reddening are important for a number of applications, such as mapping the peculiar velocity field in the nearby Universe. Of particular concern are systematic errors which vary slowly as a function of position on the sky, as these would induce spurious bulk flow. We have compared the reddenings of Burstein & Heiles (BH) and those of Schlegel, Finkbeiner & Davis (SFD) to independent estimates of the reddening, for Galactic latitudes |b| > 10. Our primary source of Galactic reddening estimates comes from comparing the difference between the observed B-V colors of early-type galaxies, and the predicted B-V color determined from the B-V--Mg_2 relation. We have fitted a dipole to the residuals in order to look for large-scale systematic deviations. There is marginal evidence for a dipolar residual in the comparison between the SFD maps and the observed early-type galaxy reddenings. If this is due to an error in the SFD maps, then it can be corrected with a small (13%) multiplicative dipole term. We argue, however, that this difference is more likely to be due to a small (0.01 mag.) systematic error in the measured B-V colors of the early-type galaxies. This interpretation is supported by a smaller, independent data set (globular cluster and RR Lyrae stars), which yields a result inconsistent with the early-type galaxy residual dipole. BH reddenings are found to have no significant systematic residuals, apart from the known problem in the region 230 < l < 310, -20 < b < 20.
description: 8 pages, PASP, in press (Jan 1999)
Cosmological Implications of Lyman-Break Galaxy Clustering
Creators: name: Wechsler, Risa H.
name: Gross, Michael A. K.
name: Primack, Joel R.
name: Blumenthal, George R.
name: Dekel, Avishai
name: Somerville, Rachel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review our analysis of the clustering properties of ``Lyman-break'' galaxies (LBGs) at redshift z~3, previously discussed in Wechsler et al (1998). We examine the likelihood of spikes found by Steidel et al (1998) in the redshift distribution of LBGs, within a suite of models for the evolution of structure in the Universe. Using high-resolution dissipationless N-body simulations, we analyze deep pencil-beam surveys from these models in the same way that they are actually observed, identifying LBGs with the most massive dark matter halos. We find that all the models (with SCDM as a marginal exception) have a substantial probability of producing spikes similar to those observed, because the massive halos are much more clumped than the underlying matter -- i.e., they are biased. Therefore, the likelihood of such a spike is not a good discriminator among these models. The LBG correlation functions are less steep than galaxies today (gamma~1.4), but show similar or slightly longer correlation lengths. We have extened this analysis and include a preliminary comparison to the new data presented in Adelberger et al (1998). We also discuss work in progress, in which we use semi-analytic models to identify Lyman-break galaxies within dark-matter halos.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, Latex, uses aipproc.sty; to appear in the proceedings of the 9th Annual October Maryland Astrophysics Conference, "After the Dark Ages: When the Galaxies Were Young (the Universe at 2