cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Generalized Shortcuts to Adiabaticity and Enhanced Robustness Against Decoherence
Creators: name: Santos, Alan C.
name: Sarandy, Marcelo S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shortcuts to adiabaticity provide a general approach to mimic adiabatic quantum processes via arbitrarily fast evolutions in Hilbert space. For these counter-diabatic evolutions, higher speed comes at higher energy cost. Here, the counter-diabatic theory is employed as a minimal energy demanding scheme for speeding up adiabatic tasks. As a by-product, we show that this approach can be used to obtain infinite classes of transitionless models, including time-independent Hamiltonians under certain conditions over the eigenstates of the original Hamiltonian. We apply these results to investigate shortcuts to adiabaticity in decohering environments by introducing the requirement of a fixed energy resource. In this scenario, we show that generalized transitionless evolutions can be more robust against decoherence than their adiabatic counterparts. We illustrate this enhanced robustness both for the Landau-Zener model and for quantum gate Hamiltonians.
description: 21 pages, 7 Figures. v3: published version
First measeurements in search for keV-sterile neutrino in tritium beta-decay by Troitsk nu-mass experiment
Creators: name: Abdurashitov, J. N.
name: Belesev, A. I.
name: Chernov, V. G.
name: Geraskin, E. V.
name: Golubev, A. A.
name: Grigorieva, P. V.
name: Koroteev, G. A.
name: Likhovid, N. A.
name: Nozik, A. A.
name: Pantuev, V. S.
name: Parfenov, V. I.
name: Skasyrskaya, A. K.
name: Tkachev, I. I.
name: Zadorozhny, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first measurements of tritium beta-decay spectrum in the electron energy range 16-18.6 keV. The goal is to find distortions which may correspond to the presence of a heavy sterile neutrinos. A possible contribution of this kind would manifest itself as a kink in the spectrum with a similar shape but with end point shifted by the value of a heavy neutrino mass. We set a new upper limits to the neutrino mixing matrix element U^2_{e4} which improve existing limits by a factor from 2 to 5 in the mass range 0.1-2 keV.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication version
Vector Galileon and inflationary magnetogenesis
Creators: name: Nandi, Debottam
name: Shankaranarayanan, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological inflation provides the initial conditions for the structure formation. However, the origin of large-scale magnetic fields cannot be addressed in this framework. The key issue for this long-standing problem is the conformal invariance of the electromagnetic (EM) field in 4-D. While many approaches have been proposed in the literature for breaking conformal invariance of the EM action, here, we provide a completely new way of looking at the modifications to the EM action and generation of primordial magnetic fields during inflation. We explicitly construct a higher derivative EM action that breaks conformal invariance by demanding three conditions - theory be described by vector potential $A_μ$ and its derivatives, Gauge invariance be satisfied, and equations of motion be linear in second derivatives of vector potential. The unique feature of our model is that appreciable magnetic fields are generated at small wavelengths while tiny magnetic fields are generated at large wavelengths that are consistent with current observations.
description: 20 pages, 0 figure, updated references, published in JCAP
Quantum AI simulator using a hybrid CPU-FPGA approach
Creators: name: Suzuki, Teppei
name: Miyazaki, Tsubasa
name: Inaritai, Toshiki
name: Otsuka, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum kernel method has attracted considerable attention in the field of quantum machine learning. However, exploring the applicability of quantum kernels in more realistic settings has been hindered by the number of physical qubits current noisy quantum computers have, thereby limiting the number of features encoded for quantum kernels. Hence, there is a need for an efficient, application-specific simulator for quantum computing by using classical technology. Here we focus on quantum kernels empirically designed for image classification and demonstrate a field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) implementation. We show that the quantum kernel estimation by our heterogeneous CPU-FPGA computing is 470 times faster than that by a conventional CPU implementation. The co-design of our application-specific quantum kernel and its efficient FPGA implementation enabled us to perform one of the largest numerical simulations of a gate-based quantum kernel in terms of features, up to 780-dimensional features. We apply our quantum kernel to classification tasks using Fashion-MNIST dataset and show that our quantum kernel is comparable to Gaussian kernels with the optimized hyperparameter.
description: 32 pages, 4 figures, 8 supplementary figures, 1 supplementary table
Improved bounds for the triangle case of Aharoni's rainbow generalization of the Caccetta-Häggkvist conjecture
Creators: name: Hompe, Patrick
name: Qu, Zishen
name: Spirkl, Sophie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a digraph $G$ and $v \in V(G)$, let $δ^+(v)$ be the number of out-neighbors of $v$ in $G$. The Caccetta-Häggkvist conjecture states that for all $k \ge 1$, if $G$ is a digraph with $n = |V(G)|$ such that $δ^+(v) \ge k$ for all $v \in V(G)$, then $G$ contains a directed cycle of length at most $\lceil n/k \rceil$. Aharoni proposed a generalization of this conjecture, that a simple edge-colored graph on $n$ vertices with $n$ color classes, each of size at least $k$, has a rainbow cycle of length at most $\lceil n/k \rceil$. Let us call $(α, β)$ \emph{triangular} if every simple edge-colored graph on $n$ vertices with at least $αn$ color classes, each with at least $βn$ edges, has a rainbow triangle. Aharoni, Holzman, and DeVos showed the following: $(9/8,1/3)$ is triangular; $(1,2/5)$ is triangular. In this paper, we improve those bounds, showing the following: $(1.1077,1/3)$ is triangular; $(1,0.3988)$ is triangular. Our methods give results for infinitely many pairs $(α, β)$, including $β< 1/3$; we show that $(1.3481,1/4)$ is triangular.
description: Accepted manuscript; see DOI for journal version
Discrete integrable systems and random Lax matrices
Creators: name: Gisonni, Massimo
name: Grava, Tamara
name: Gubbiotti, Giorgio
name: Mazzuca, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37K10, 60B20, 37A60

description: We study properties of Hamiltonian integrable systems with random initial data by considering their Lax representation. Specifically, we investigate the spectral behaviour of the corresponding Lax matrices when the number $N$ of degrees of freedom of the system goes to infinity and the initial data is sampled according to a properly chosen Gibbs measure. We give an exact description of the limit density of states for the exponential Toda lattice and the Volterra lattice in terms of the Laguerre and antisymmetric Gaussian $β$-ensemble in the high temperature regime. For generalizations of the Volterra lattice to short range interactions, called INB additive and multiplicative lattices, the focusing Ablowitz--Ladik lattice and the focusing Schur flow, we derive numerically the density of states. For all these systems, we obtain explicitly the density of states in the ground states.
description: 35 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Intergenerational Changes in Education and Social Mobility in Contemporary China: Based on Gender, Area and Family Size
Creators: name: Chen, Zhibin
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: education
subject: social mobility
subject: gender gap
subject: reginal disparity
subject: family size effect
subject: reform and opening up

description: This study explores the significant changes of the gender gap, regional divide, and family size effect in the context of intergenerational education improvement and social mobility after the launch of China's reform and open-up policy. The reform and open-up policy, initiated in 1978 China, introduced significant social changes including increased urbanization, changes in family structure, shifts in social norms and values. This study will contribute valuable insights into how such large-scale national policy shape and affect social structures and patterns of mobility among different groups of population, and either reinforce or mitigate forms of social inequality. Therefore, intergenerational education improvement and social mobility are the main focuses as well as key indicators in this study to measure the prevalence, magnitude and changes of the gender gap, regional disparities, and family size effect. This study utilizes data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), a nationally representative, longitudinal household survey of over 14,000 families in contemporary China, and mainly multi-linear regression models with interactive effects to investigate the impact of the reform and opening policy. The results of this study indicates that while there are still social inequality and differences among different population groups in modern China, these differences to some extent have been effectively and significantly reduced over time with the influence of the reform and opening policy.
Combining the in-medium similarity renormalization group with the density matrix renormalization group: Shell structure and information entropy
Creators: name: Tichai, A.
name: Knecht, S.
name: Kruppa, A. T.
name: Legeza, Ö.
name: Moca, C. P.
name: Schwenk, A.
name: Werner, M. A.
name: Zarand, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel many-body framework combining the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) with the valence-space (VS) formulation of the in-medium similarity renormalization group. This hybrid scheme admits for favorable computational scaling in large-space calculations compared to direct diagonalization. The capacity of the VS-DMRG approach is highlighted in ab initio calculations of neutron-rich nickel isotopes based on chiral two- and three-nucleon interactions, and allows us to perform converged ab initio computations of ground and excited state energies. We also study orbital entanglement in the VS-DMRG, and investigate nuclear correlation effects in oxygen, neon, and magnesium isotopes. The explored entanglement measures reveal nuclear shell closures as well as pairing correlations.
description: 5 pages, 4 Figures, version published at Phys. Lett. B
Highly accurate quantum optimization algorithm for CT image reconstructions based on sinogram patterns
Creators: name: Jun, Kyungtaek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Computed tomography (CT) has been developed as a non-destructive technique for observing minute internal images of samples. It has been difficult to obtain photo-realistic (clean or clear) CT images due to various unwanted artifacts generated during the CT scanning process, along with limitations of back projection algorithms. Recently, an iterative optimization algorithm has been developed that uses the entire sinogram to reduce errors caused by artifacts. In this paper, we introduce a new quantum algorithm for reconstructing CT images. This algorithm can be used with any type of light source as long as the projection is defined. Suppose we have an experimental sinogram produced by a Radon transform. To find the CT image of this sinogram, we express the CT image as a combination of qubits. After the Radon transform of the undetermined CT image, we find the combination of the actual sinogram and the optimized qubits. The global energy optimization value used here can determine the value of qubits through a gate model quantum computer or quantum annealer. In particular, the new algorithm can also be used for cone-beam CT image reconstructions and will be of great help in the field of medical imaging.
description: 16 Pages, 5 figures, 1 Table
Low-energy Fock-space localization for attractive hard-core particles in disorder
Creators: name: Beaud, Vincent
name: Warzel, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82B44

description: We study a one-dimensional quantum system with an arbitrary number of hard-core particles on the lattice, which are subject to a deterministic attractive interaction as well as a random potential. Our choice of interaction is suggested by the spectral analysis of the XXZ quantum spin chain. The main result concerns a version of high-disorder Fock-space localization expressed here in the configuration space of hard-core particles. The proof relies on an energetically motivated Combes-Thomas estimate and an effective one-particle analysis. As an application, we show the exponential decay of the two-point function in the infinite system uniformly in the particle number.
description: 24 pages
Search for supersymmetry with multiple charged leptons in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results are reported from a search for physics beyond-the-standard-model, such as supersymmetry, in final states with at least three charged leptons, in any combination of electrons or muons. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV, recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2015. Two jets are required in each event, providing good sensitivity to strong production of gluinos and squarks. The search regions, sensitive to a range of different supersymmetry scenarios, are defined using the number of jets tagged as originating from bottom quarks, the sum of the magnitudes of the transverse momenta of the jets, the imbalance in the overall transverse momentum in the event, and the invariant mass of opposite-sign, same-flavor lepton pairs. The event yields observed in data are consistent with the expected background contributions from standard model processes. These results are used to derive limits in terms of R-parity conserving simplified models of supersymmetry that describe strong production of gluinos and squarks. Model-independent limits are presented to facilitate the reinterpretation of the results in a broad range of scenarios for physics beyond the standard model.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/SUS-16-003 (CMS Public Pages)
title: Tailored formulations to accelerate deterministic global optimisation of mixed-integer nonlinear programs
title: Electronic Supplementary Information
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Karia, Tanuj
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This repository contains all the supporting data and files for the thesis titled 'Tailored formulations to accelerate deterministic global optimisation of mixed-integer nonlinear programs' authored by Tanuj Karia to partly fulfil the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Imperial College London.

The contents of the supplementary information are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International Licence (CC BY-NC).Under this licence, you may copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. You may also create and distribute modified versions of the work.This is on the condition that: you credit the author and do not use it, or any derivative works, for a commercial purpose.When reusing or sharing this work, ensure you make the licence terms clear to others by naming the licence and linking to the licence text. Where a work hasbeen adapted, you should indicate that the work has been changed and describe those changes.Please seek permission from the copyright holder for uses of this work that arenot included in this licence or permitted under UK Copyright Law.
Verzeichnis der mineralogischen, geologischen, urgeschichtlichen und hydrologischen Literatur von Württemberg, Hohenzollern und den angrenzenden Gebieten. [Lieferung] IV
Creators: name: Unkn
Publisher: name: unkn
Year: 2021

description: Beilagen zu den Jahresheften des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg
description: 1906, 4 [JVVNW 62, 1906]
Incommensurate charge-stripe correlations in the kagome superconductor CsV$_3$Sb$_{5-x}$Sn$_x$
Creators: name: Kautzsch, Linus
name: Oey, Yuzki M.
name: Li, Hong
name: Ren, Zheng
name: Ortiz, Brenden R.
name: Seshadri, Ram
name: Ruff, Jacob
name: Wang, Ziqiang
name: Zeljkovic, Ilija
name: Wilson, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We track the evolution of charge correlations in the kagome superconductor CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ as its parent, long-ranged charge density order is destabilized. Upon hole-doping doping, interlayer charge correlations rapidly become short-ranged and their periodicity is reduced by half along the interlayer direction. Beyond the peak of the first superconducting dome, the parent charge density wave state vanishes and incommensurate, quasi-1D charge correlations are stabilized in its place. These competing, unidirectional charge correlations demonstrate an inherent electronic rotational symmetry breaking in CsV$_3$Sb$_5$, independent of the parent charge density wave state and reveal a complex landscape of charge correlations across the electronic phase diagram of this class of kagome superconductors. Our data suggest an inherent 2$k_f$ charge instability and the phenomenology of competing charge instabilities is reminiscent of what has been noted across several classes of unconventional superconductors.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
[Nachträge zur Literatur von 1903 und die Literatur von 1904 und 1905]
Creators: name: Schütze, Ewald
Publisher: name: unkn
Year: 2021

description: Beilagen zu den Jahresheften des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg
description: 1906, 4 [JVVNW 62, 1906]
On the Feynman-Hellmann Theorem in Quantum Field Theory and the Calculation of Matrix Elements
Creators: name: Bouchard, Chris
name: Chang, Chia Cheng
name: Kurth, Thorsten
name: Orginos, Kostas
name: Walker-Loud, Andre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Feynman-Hellmann theorem can be derived from the long Euclidean-time limit of correlation functions determined with functional derivatives of the partition function. Using this insight, we fully develop an improved method for computing matrix elements of external currents utilizing only two-point correlation functions. Our method applies to matrix elements of any external bilinear current, including nonzero momentum transfer, flavor-changing, and two or more current insertion matrix elements. The ability to identify and control all the systematic uncertainties in the analysis of the correlation functions stems from the unique time dependence of the ground-state matrix elements and the fact that all excited states and contact terms are Euclidean-time dependent. We demonstrate the utility of our method with a calculation of the nucleon axial charge using gradient-flowed domain-wall valence quarks on the $N_f=2+1+1$ MILC highly improved staggered quark ensemble with lattice spacing and pion mass of approximately 0.15 fm and 310 MeV respectively. We show full control over excited-state systematics with the new method and obtain a value of $g_A = 1.213(26)$ with a quark-mass-dependent renormalization coefficient.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures, version published in PRD
SU(4) Kondo entanglement in double quantum dot devices
Creators: name: Bonazzola, Rodrigo
name: Andrade, J. A.
name: Facio, Jorge I.
name: García, D. J.
name: Cornaglia, Pablo S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze, from a quantum information theory perspective, the possibility of realizing a SU(4) entangled Kondo regime in semiconductor double quantum dot devices. We focus our analysis on the ground state properties and consider the general experimental situation where the coupling parameters of the two quantum dots differ. We model each quantum dot with an Anderson type Hamiltonian including an interdot Coulomb repulsion and tunnel couplings for each quantum dot to independent fermionic baths. We find that the spin and pseudospin entanglements can be made equal, and the SU(4) symmetry recovered, if the gate voltages are chosen in such a way that the average charge occupancies of the two quantum dots are equal, and the double occupancy on the double quantum dot is suppressed. We present density matrix renormalization group numerical results for the spin and pseudospin entanglement entropies, and analytical results for a simplified model that captures the main physics of the problem.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, Phys. Rev. B
Variational quantum iterative power algorithms for global optimization
Creators: name: Kyaw, Thi Ha
name: Soley, Micheline B.
name: Allen, Brandon
name: Bergold, Paul
name: Sun, Chong
name: Batista, Victor S.
name: Aspuru-Guzik, Alán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a family of variational quantum algorithms called quantum iterative power algorithms (QIPA) that outperform existing hybrid near-term quantum algorithms of the same kind. We demonstrate the capabilities of QIPA as applied to three different global-optimization numerical experiments: the ground-state optimization of the $H_2$ molecular dissociation, search of the transmon qubit ground-state, and biprime factorization. Since our algorithm is hybrid, quantum/classical technologies such as error mitigation and adaptive variational ansatzes can easily be incorporated into the algorithm. Due to the shallow quantum circuit requirements, we anticipate large-scale implementation and adoption of the proposed algorithm across current major quantum hardware.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures
Quantum transport under AC drive from the leads : A Quantum Master Equation approach
Creators: name: Purkayastha, Archak
name: Dubi, Yonatan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evaluating the time-dependent dynamics of driven open quantum systems is relevant for a theoretical description of many systems, including molecular junctions, quantum dots, cavity-QED experiments, cold atoms experiments and more. Here, we formulate a rigorous microscopic theory of an out-of-equilibrium open quantum system of non-interacting particles on a lattice weakly coupled to multiple baths and driven by periodically varying thermodynamic parameters like temperature and chemical potential of the bath. The particles can be either bosonic or fermionic and the lattice can be of any dimension and geometry. Based on Redfield quantum master equation under Born-Markov approximation, we derive a complete set of linear differential equations for equal time two-point correlation functions from which various physical observables, for example, current, can be calculated. Various interesting physical effects, such as resonance, can be directly read-off from the equations. Thus, our theory is quite general gives quite transparent and easy-to-calculate results. We validate our theory by comparing with exact numerical simulations. We apply our method to a generic open quantum system, namely a double-quantum dot coupled to leads with modulating chemical potentials. Two most important experimentally relevant insights from this are : (i) time-dependent measurements of current for symmetric oscillating voltages (with zero instantaneous voltage bias) can point to the degree of asymmetry in the system, and (ii) under certain conditions, time-dependent currents can exceed time-averaged currents by several orders of magnitude, and can therefore be detected even when the average current is below the measurement threshold.
Efficient Adiabatic Preparation of Tensor Network States
Creators: name: Wei, Zhi-Yuan
name: Malz, Daniel
name: Cirac, J. Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and study a specific adiabatic path to prepare those tensor network states that are unique ground states of few-body parent Hamiltonians in finite lattices, which include normal tensor network states, as well as other relevant nonnormal states. This path guarantees a gap for finite systems and allows for efficient numerical simulation. In one dimension, we numerically investigate the preparation of a family of states with varying correlation lengths and the one-dimensional Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki (AKLT) state and show that adiabatic preparation can be much faster than standard methods based on sequential preparation. We also apply the method to the two-dimensional AKLT state on the hexagonal lattice, for which no method based on sequential preparation is known, and show that it can be prepared very efficiently for relatively large lattices.
description: 7+6 pages, 3 figures
On observational signatures of multi-fractional theory
Creators: name: Asghari, Mahnaz
name: Sheykhi, Ahmad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the multi-fractional theory with $q$-derivatives, where the multi-fractional measure is considered to be in the time direction. The evolution of power spectra and also the expansion history of the universe are investigated in the $q$-derivatives theory. According to the matter power spectra diagrams, the structure growth would increase in the multi-fractional model, expressing incompatibility with low redshift measurements of large scale structures. Furthermore, concerning the diagrams of Hubble parameter evolution, there is a reduction in the value of Hubble constant which conflicts with local cosmological constraints. Thus, primary numerical investigations imply that $q$-derivatives theory has no potential to relieve observational tensions. We also explore the multi-fractional model with current observational data, principally Planck 2018, weak lensing, supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), and redshift-space distortions (RSD) measurements. Numerical analysis reveals that the degeneracy between multi-fractional parameters makes them remain unconstrained under observations. Furthermore, observational constraints on $H_0$ and $σ_8$, detect no significant departure from standard model of cosmology.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Relative Permittivity in the Electrical Double Layer from Nonlinear Optics
Creators: name: Boamah, Mavis D.
name: Ohno, Paul E.
name: Geiger, Franz M.
name: Eisenthal, Kenneth B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy has been applied to probe the fused silica/water interface at pH 7 and the uncharged 11bar02 sapphire/water interface at pH 5.2 in contact with aqueous solutions of NaCl, NaBr, NaI, KCl, RbCl, and CsCl as low as several 10 microM. For ionic strengths up to about 0.1 mM, the SHG responses were observed to increase, reversibly for all salts surveyed, when compared to the condition of zero salt added. Further increases in the salt concentration led to monotonic decreases in the SHG response. The SHG increases followed by decreases are found to be consistent with recent reports of phase interference and phase matching in nonlinear optics. By varying the relative permittivity employed in common mean field theories used to describe electrical double layers, and by comparing our results to available literature data, we find that models recapitulating the experimental observations are ones in which 1) the relative permittivity of the diffuse layer is that of bulk water, with other possible values as low as 30, 2) the surface charge density varies with salt concentration, and 3) the charge in the Stern layer or its thickness vary with salt concentration. We also note that the experimental data exhibit sensitivity depending on whether the salt concentration is increased from low to high values or decreased from high to low values, which, however, is not borne out in the fits, at least within the current uncertainties associated with the model point estimates.
description: Pre-edited final accepted version, 15 Pages main text, 1 Table, 5 Figures, Mathematica notebook available upon request
Light Axial Vectors, Nuclear Transitions, and the $^8$Be Anomaly
Creators: name: Kozaczuk, Jonathan
name: Morrissey, David E.
name: Stroberg, S. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New hidden particles could potentially be emitted and discovered in rare nuclear transitions. In this work we investigate the production of hidden vector bosons with primarily axial couplings to light quarks in nuclear transitions, and we apply our results to the recent anomaly seen in $^8$Be decays. The relevant matrix elements for $^8{\rm Be}^*(1^+) \rightarrow ^8{\rm Be} (0^+)$ transitions are calculated using ${\it ab \, initio}$ methods with inter-nucleon forces derived from chiral effective field theory and the in-medium similarity renormalization group. We find that the emission of a light axial vector with mass $m_X \simeq 17\, {\rm MeV}$ can account for the anomaly seen in the $1^+\to 0^+$ isoscalar transition together with the absence of a significant anomaly in the corresponding isovector transition. We also show that such an axial vector can be derived from an anomaly-free ultraviolet-complete theory that is consistent with current experimental data.
description: v2: Minor corrections, conclusions unchanged. Matches version published in PRD
Exact solution and precise asymptotics of a Fisher-KPP type front
Creators: name: Berestycki, Julien
name: Brunet, Éric
name: Derrida, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present work concerns a version of the Fisher-KPP equation where the nonlinear term is replaced by a saturation mechanism, yielding a free boundary problem with mixed conditions. Following an idea proposed in [BrunetDerrida.2015], we show that the Laplace transform of the initial condition is directly related to some functional of the front position $μ_t$. We then obtain precise asymptotics of the front position by means of singularity analysis. In particular, we recover the so-called Ebert and van Saarloos correction [EbertvanSaarloos.2000], we obtain an additional term of order $\log t /t$ in this expansion, and we give precise conditions on the initial condition for those terms to be present.
description: v2: correction of some typos, a couple more references and some clarifications
Hillclimbing inflation
Creators: name: Jinno, Ryusuke
name: Kaneta, Kunio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new class of inflationary models in which inflation takes place while the inflaton is climbing up a potential hill due to a coupling to gravity. We study their attractor behavior, and investigate its relation with known attractors. We also discuss a possible realization of this type of models with the natural inflation, and show that the inflationary predictions come well within the region consistent with the observation of the cosmic microwave background.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Recent progress on intrinsic charm
Creators: name: Hobbs, T. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the past $\sim\!\! 10$ years, the topic of the nucleon's nonperturbative or $\textit{intrinsic}$ charm (IC) content has enjoyed something of a renaissance, largely motivated by theoretical developments involving quark modelers and PDF fitters. In this talk I will briefly describe the importance of intrinsic charm to various issues in high-energy phenomenology, and survey recent progress in constraining its overall normalization and contribution to the momentum sum rule of the nucleon. I end with the conclusion that progress on the side of calculation has now placed the onus on experiment to unambiguously resolve the proton's intrinsic charm component.
description: Invited talk at the Conference "XIIth Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum" (Thessaloniki, Greece; 29th August - 3rd September 2016). 9 pages, 4 figures; reference added in version 2
A hybrid Bayesian network for medical device risk assessment and management
Creators: name: Hunte, Joshua
name: Neil, Martin
name: Fenton, Norman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: ISO 14971 is the primary standard used for medical device risk management. While it specifies the requirements for medical device risk management, it does not specify a particular method for performing risk management. Hence, medical device manufacturers are free to develop or use any appropriate methods for managing the risk of medical devices. The most commonly used methods, such as Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), are unable to provide a reasonable basis for computing risk estimates when there are limited or no historical data available or where there is second-order uncertainty about the data. In this paper, we present a novel method for medical device risk management using hybrid Bayesian networks (BNs) that resolves the limitations of classical methods such as FTA and incorporates relevant factors affecting the risk of medical devices. The proposed BN method is generic but can be instantiated on a system-by-system basis, and we apply it to a Defibrillator device to demonstrate the process involved for medical device risk management during production and post-production. The example is validated against real-world data.
Multiple valued Jacobi fields
Creators: name: Stuvard, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49Q20, 35J57, 54E40, 53A10

description: We develop a multivalued theory for the stability operator of (a constant multiple of) a minimally immersed submanifold $Σ$ of a Riemannian manifold $\mathcal{M}$. We define the multiple valued counterpart of the classical Jacobi fields as the minimizers of the second variation functional defined on a Sobolev space of multiple valued sections of the normal bundle of $Σ$ in $\mathcal{M}$, and we study existence and regularity of such minimizers. Finally, we prove that any $Q$-valued Jacobi field can be written as the superposition of $Q$ classical Jacobi fields everywhere except for a relatively closed singular set having codimension at least two in the domain.
description: 82 pages, 1 figure. Section 9 is new with respect to the previous version
Measurement of D-meson production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at $\mathbf{\sqrt{s}=7}$ TeV
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production cross sections of the prompt charmed mesons ${\rm D^0}$, ${\rm D^+}$, ${\rm D^{*+}}$ and ${\rm D_s^+}$ were measured at mid-rapidity in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). D mesons were reconstructed from their decays ${\rm D}^0 \to {\rm K}^-π^+$, ${\rm D}^+\to {\rm K}^-π^+π^+$, ${\rm D}^{*+} \to {\rm D}^0 π^+$, ${\rm D_s^{+}\to ϕπ^+\to K^-K^+π^+}$, and their charge conjugates. With respect to previous measurements in the same rapidity region, the coverage in transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) is extended and the uncertainties are reduced by a factor of about two. The accuracy on the estimated total $\rm c\overline c$ production cross section is likewise improved. The measured $p_{\rm T}$-differential cross sections are compared with the results of three perturbative QCD calculations.
description: 28 pages, 9 captioned figures, 4 tables, authors from page 23, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/3365
Multi-NeuS: 3D Head Portraits from Single Image with Neural Implicit Functions
Creators: name: Burkov, Egor
name: Rakhimov, Ruslan
name: Safin, Aleksandr
name: Burnaev, Evgeny
name: Lempitsky, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.10

description: We present an approach for the reconstruction of textured 3D meshes of human heads from one or few views. Since such few-shot reconstruction is underconstrained, it requires prior knowledge which is hard to impose on traditional 3D reconstruction algorithms. In this work, we rely on the recently introduced 3D representation $\unicode{x2013}$ neural implicit functions $\unicode{x2013}$ which, being based on neural networks, allows to naturally learn priors about human heads from data, and is directly convertible to textured mesh. Namely, we extend NeuS, a state-of-the-art neural implicit function formulation, to represent multiple objects of a class (human heads in our case) simultaneously. The underlying neural net architecture is designed to learn the commonalities among these objects and to generalize to unseen ones. Our model is trained on just a hundred smartphone videos and does not require any scanned 3D data. Afterwards, the model can fit novel heads in the few-shot or one-shot modes with good results.
Local parameter selection in the $C^0$ interior penalty method for the biharmonic equation
Creators: name: Bringmann, Philipp
name: Carstensen, Carsten
name: Streitberger, Julian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N12, 65N15, 65N30, 65N50, 65Y20

description: The symmetric $C^0$ interior penalty method is one of the most popular discontinuous Galerkin methods for the biharmonic equation. This paper introduces an automatic local selection of the involved stability parameter in terms of the geometry of the underlying triangulation for arbitrary polynomial degrees. The proposed choice ensures a stable discretization with guaranteed discrete ellipticity constant. Numerical evidence for uniform and adaptive mesh-refinement and various polynomial degrees supports the reliability and efficiency of the local parameter selection and recommends this in practice. The approach is documented in 2D for triangles, but the methodology behind can be generalized to higher dimensions, to non-uniform polynomial degrees, and to rectangular discretizations. Two appendices present the realization of our proposed parameter selection in various established finite element software packages as well as a detailed documentation of a self-contained MATLAB program for the lowest-order $C^0$ interior penalty method.
On the distality and expansivity of certain maps on spheres
Creators: name: Choudhuri, Manoj
name: Faraco, Gianluca
name: Yadav, Alok Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37B05, 37C25, 37E10

description: Any affine map on the (n+1)-dimensional Euclidean space gives rise to a natural map on the n-dimensional sphere whose dynamical aspects are not so well-studied in the literature. We explore the dynamical aspects of these maps by investigating about their distality and expansivity.
Search for the Dimuon Decay of the Higgs Boson in $pp$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for the dimuon decay of the Higgs boson was performed using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb$^{-1}$ collected with the ATLAS detector in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. No significant excess is observed above the expected background. The observed (expected) upper limit on the cross section times branching ratio is 3.0 (3.1) times the Standard Model prediction at the 95% confidence level for a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV. When combined with the $pp$ collision data at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV and $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV, the observed (expected) upper limit is 2.8 (2.9) times the Standard Model prediction.
description: 28 pages in total, author list starting page 12, 2 figures, 1 table, published in , All figures including auxiliary figures are available at
Phononic heat transport in nanomechanical structures: steady-state and pumping
Creators: name: Sena-Junior, Marcone I.
name: Lima, Leandro R. F.
name: Lewenkopf, Caio H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the heat transport due to phonons in nanomechanical structures using a phase space representation of non-equilibrium Green's functions. This representation accounts for the atomic degrees of freedom making it particularly suited for the description of small (molecular) junctions systems. We show that for the steady state limit our formalism correctly recovers the heuristic Landauer-like heat conductance for a quantum coherent molecular system coupled to thermal reservoirs. We find general expressions for the non-stationary heat current due to an external periodic drive. In both cases we discuss the quantum thermodynamic properties of the systems. We apply our formalism to the case of a diatomic molecular junction.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
Positive Representations of a Class of Complex Measures
Creators: name: Seiler, Erhard
name: Wosiek, Jacek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the problem of constructing positive representations of complex measures. In this paper we consider complex densities on a direct product of $U(1)$ groups and look for representations by probability distributions on the complexification of those groups. After identifying general necessary and sufficient conditions we propose several concrete realizations. Finally we study some of those realizations in examples representing problems in abelian lattice gauge theories.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures, minor changes to bring it into agreement with published version
Experimentally-realizable $\mathcal{PT}$ phase transitions in reflectionless quantum scattering
Creators: name: Soley, Micheline B.
name: Bender, Carl M.
name: Stone, A. Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A class of above-barrier quantum-scattering problems is shown to provide an experimentally-accessible platform for studying $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric Schrödinger equations that exhibit spontaneous $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry breaking despite having purely real potentials. These potentials are one-dimensional, inverted, and unstable and have the form $V(x) = - \lvert x\rvert^p$ ($p>0$), terminated at a finite length or energy to a constant value as $x\to \pm\infty$. The signature of unbroken $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry is the existence of reflectionless propagating states at discrete real energies up to arbitrarily high energy. In the $\mathcal{PT}$-broken phase, there are no such solutions. In addition, there exists an intermediate mixed phase, where reflectionless states exist at low energy but disappear at a fixed finite energy, independent of termination length. In the mixed phase exceptional points (EPs) occur at specific $p$ and energy values, with a quartic dip in the reflectivity in contrast to the quadratic behavior away from EPs. $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry-breaking phenomena have not been previously predicted in a quantum system with a real potential and no reservoir coupling. The effects predicted here are measurable in standard cold-atom experiments with programmable optical traps. The physical origin of the symmetry-breaking transition is elucidated using a WKB force analysis that identifies the spatial location of the above-barrier scattering.
Biological efficiency in processing information
Creators: name: Brody, Dorje C.
name: Trewavas, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Signal transduction, or signal-processing capability, is a fundamental property of nature that manifests universally across systems of different scales -- from quantum behaviour to the biological. This includes the detection of environmental cues, particularly relevant to behaviours of both quantum systems and green plants, where there is neither an agent purposely transmitting the signal nor a purposefully built communication channel. To characterise the dynamical behaviours of such systems driven by signal detection followed by transduction, and thus to predict future statistics, it suffices to model the flow of information. This, in turn, provides estimates for the quantity of information processed by the system. The efficiency of biological computation can then be inferred by measuring energy consumption and subsequent heat production.
description: 13 pages