Xilithus qizimeishanensis Liu & Hu 2024, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Liu, Rongxin
name: Liu, Jie
name: Liu, Changyong
name: Chen, Kuai
name: Hu, Changhao
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Phrurolithidae
Xilithus
Xilithus qizimeishanensis

description: Xilithus qizimeishanensis Liu & Hu sp. nov.
Materials
Type status: Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Changhao Hu (CBEE) & Mian Wei (CBEE); individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Phrurolithidae; genus: Xilithus; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; countryCode: China / CN; stateProvince: Hubei; county: Xuanen; verbatimLocality: Qizimeishan National Nature Reserve, Shadaogou Town, Xueluozhai Forest Farm; verbatimElevation: 1338; verbatimLatitude: 29.74721 ° N; verbatimLongitude: 109.74536 ° E; Event: year: 2023; month: 7; day: 19; Record Level: institutionID: QZMS 02704; institutionCode: CBEE
Description
Female (Holotype): Total length 3.87, carapace 1.61 long, 1.43 wide; abdomen 2.11 long, 1.92 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.10, PME 0.07, PLE 0.09; AME – AME 0.06, AME – ALE 0.03, ALE – ALE 0.26, PME – PME 0.09, PME – PLE 0.06, PLE – PLE 0.36, AME – PME 0.08, ALE – PLE 0.08. Eye area 0.44 width, cephalic region 0.83 width. Median ocular area 0.23 long, anterior width 0.19, posterior width 0.20. Clypeal height 0.13. Labium 0.27 long, 0.19 wide. Sternum 0.99 long, 0.91 wide. Leg measurements: Ⅰ 5.74 (1.59, 0.41, 1.71, 1.32, 0.71), II 4.65 (1.29, 0.36, 1.27, 1.00, 0.73), III 4.26 (1.17, 0.41, 0.87, 1.08, 0.73), IV 6.47 (1.75, 0.46, 1.50, 1.72, 1.04). Leg formula: IV-I-II-III. Spination: femora I pl 3, femora II d 1 pl 2, femora III d 1, tibia I pv 7 rv 8, tibia II pv 8 rv 8, metatarsus I pv 4 rv 4, metatarsus II pv 5 rv 3.
Colouration: Carapace reddish brown, radial furrows black. Labium and sternum brown. Legs yellow to brown. Abdomen: dorsum black; venter orange, posterior-lateral epigyne and anterior spinnerets black; spinnerets orange (Fig. 1 A, B).
Epigyne with pair of large oval atria (A). Median septum (MS) wide and trapezoidal. Copulatory openings (CO) trumpet-like, located at posterior margin of median septum (MS). Copulatory ducts (CD) short and C-shaped, the length of copulatory ducts (CD) almost twice the diameter of the spermathecae (S). Bursae (B) three times longer than wide, and exceed the anterior edge of the atria (A). Glandular appendages (GA) short, pointed anteriorly. Connecting tubes (CT) very short, between the base of glandular appendages (GA) and spermathecae (S). Spermathecae (S) double globular. Fertilization ducts (FD) short, located interiorly on spermathecae (S), pointed anteriorly (Fig. 2 A, B).
Male: unknown.
Diagnosis
The female of the new species resembles that of X. pseudostella (Fu, Jin & Zhang, 2014) (Fu et al. 2014) in having a wide and trapezoidal median septum (MS) and two double globular spermathecae (S), but can be recognized by: 1. copulatory openings (CO) located posteriorly (vs. anteriorly); 2. short and curved copulatory ducts (CD) (vs. long and straight); 3. length of copulatory ducts (CD) almost twice the diameter of the spermathecae (S) (vs. three times); 4. length of bursae (B) almost equal to the diameter of the atria (A) (vs. shorter than the diameter of the atria (A)); 5. glandular appendages (GA) located posteriorly (vs. medially); 6. spermathecae (S) located laterally on connecting tubes (CT) (vs. posteriorly).
Etymology
The specific name is derived from the type locality.
Distribution
Known only from the type locality (Fig. 3).
Notes
Liu et al. (2022) divided Xilithus species into five species groups: acerosus -, acutus -, leibo -, lingyun -, and ovatus - groups. The two large oval atria (A) separated by nose-shaped median septum (MS) and the organs of endogyne gathered together on ental of median septum (MS) of X. qizimeishanensis Liu & Hu sp. nov. show that the new species clearly belongs to lingyun - group.
description: Published as part of Liu, Rongxin, Liu, Jie, Liu, Changyong, Chen, Kuai & Hu, Changhao, 2024, A new Xilithus species from Hubei, China (Araneae, Phrurolithidae), pp. e 130526 in Biodiversity Data Journal 12 on page e130526, DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.12.e130526