cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Identifying a Typology of High Schools Based on Their Orientation Toward STEM: A Latent Class Analysis of HSLS:09
Creators: name: Vaval, Luronne
name: Bowers, Alex J.
name: Snodgrass Rangel, Virginia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Education, Secondary
High schools
Science--Study and teaching (Secondary)
Multivariate analysis

description: The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent that there is a typology of high schools based on their orientation toward STEM, as well as the extent to which school-level demographic variables and student high school outcomes are associated with subgroup membership in the typology, by analyzing data from a large nationally representative sample of high schools (n=940) from the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 (HSLS:09) using latent class analysis (LCA). We used a three-step LCA approach to identify significantly different subgroups of STEM-oriented high schools, what covariates predict subgroup membership, and how subgroup membership predicts observed distal outcomes. We find that there are four significantly different subgroups of STEM-oriented high schools based on their principal’s perceptions: Abundant (12.3%), Support (23.3%), Bounded (10.1%), and Comprehensive (54.3%). In addition, we find that these subgroups are associated with school demographics, such as the percent of students eligible for free and reduced-price lunch, school locale, and control (public or private). Subgroup membership is also associated with student outcomes, such as postsecondary program enrollment and intent to pursue a STEM degree. Keywords: STEM Education, High Schools, Multivariate Analysis
An analysis of a selection of English-language Korean folktale picture books
Creators: name: Kim, Sae Yong
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This study draws from the fields of folktale and fairy tale studies, Korean studies, and translation studies to examine the changes that are made to Korean folktales when they are retold in English, and published in North America in the form of picture books. The objective of the study is to determine whether discernible departures from the traditional, orally transmitted versions are apparent in the retold picture-book versions; to note any common trends in the types of changes which have been made (if any); and to discuss the possible reasons for such changes to be made. The theoretical framework of this study is based in translation studies, and depends on the identification of the folktale reteller as fulfilling the role and facing the same issues as a translator does in transmitting cultural content from the source audience to the target audience. Analysis is conducted via close readings of the primary texts, the retold picture books, and the reference texts, which are comprised of a collection of the traditional Korean folktales which have been retold as picture books in English. After close examination of the motifs present in the traditional and retold picture-book versions of two well-known Korean folktales, it was possible to conclude that one was domesticated, in its omission of all potentially offensive content and addition of a non-traditional happy ending. The other folktale retelling was a largely “faithful” version of the traditional story, but some judicious insertion of information into the text was necessary in order to recreate the experience of a reader of the source culture, due to a (perceived) lack of cultural knowledge of Korean customs on the part of the target reader.
The Strategic Significance of Global Inequality
Creators: name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: Is there a "strategic significance" to global inequalities in income levels and economic growth? And, if so, which policies might the United States pursue to address those strategic concerns? Focusing on the scope and limitations of U.S. foreign assistance as a policy instrument to address global income inequalities is illuminating.
title: Caspar Cörber
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Caspar Cörber as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Blaiseus mexicanus Douglas, new species
Creators: name: Douglas, Hume
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Elateridae
Blaiseus
Blaiseus mexicanus

description: Blaiseus mexicanus Douglas, new species (Figs. 3, 5, 13, 24) Material examined. One male. Holotype: Male labeled: ‘‘Mex., 17 mi. N./ Hidalgo del Parral / 17.VIII.1967 ’’; [red] ‘‘ HOLOTYPE / Blaiseus / mexicanus/ Douglas 2006,’’ with aedeagus mounted on card (CNCI), collector unknown. Type locality: Mexico, Chihuahua State, 27 km north of Hidalgo del Parral (probably: 27.16 ° N, 105.65 ° W, elevation 1,600 m, if this distance is following road). Diagnosis. Pterothorax: Elytra with apices not upturned (Fig. 11). Legs: Protibiae with posterior tooth at midlength (Fig. 5). Aedeagus: Free portion of median lobe convex laterally in dorsal profile. Description. Male: Length 6.0 mm. Integument brown-black (Fig. 13). Head: Antennae reaching to mesocoxae; labrum flat, nasale with ovoid pits anteromesad of antennal fossae. Prothorax: Hypomeron with hind edge weakly sinuate immediately meso-ventrad of hind angles (Fig. 1). Prosternum with ventral surface of prosternal process surface not carinate laterally. Pterothorax: Scutellum with posterior apex pointed (Fig. 3). Elytra not upturned at apex; suture, epipleurae and interval 5 costate on apical half; epipleurae not serrate. Hind wings with CuA1 not forked at junction with MP3+4. Legs: Femora and tibiae expanded (fossorial); protibiae with posterior teeth at midlength and apex (Fig. 5); tarsomere 4 lobed. Male genitalia: Aedeagus with median lobe nearly circular, broadest near midlength; parameres with ventral apices longer than dorsal (setose) apices and reaching beyond apex of median lobe (Fig. 24). Female: Unknown. Comments. To my knowledge this species, B. zamoranoensis, new species and an undescribed Australian species of Patriciella Van Zwaluwenburg are the only Elateridae with non-apical tibial digging teeth. Additional evidence of the nonconspecifity of this species and all congeners is that this is the only New World species without upturned elytral apices. This is the only Blaiseus species known from northern Mexico.
description: Published as part of Douglas, Hume, 2009, Revision of Blaiseus Fleutiaux, a Genus Now Known from Asia, Africa and North America (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae), pp. 86-100 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 63 (1) on pages 96-97, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065x-63.1.86, http://zenodo.org/record/5496086
tussue and cell line of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma sequencing
Creators: name: 王海锋(Haifeng Wang)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2023
Subjects: Raw sequence reads
Transcriptome or Gene expression
Monoisolate
Medical

description: MBNL1 and QKI were identified as critical pre-mRNA alternative splicing regulators and play an important role in regulating circRNA production observed in multiple human solid tumors. However, the role of MBNL1 and QKI in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been investigated. In this study, we show that the occurrence of ESCC significantly changes the expression levels of MBNL1 and QKI, as well as a large number of circRNA, lncRNA and mRNA. Knockout of MBNL1 or QKI in KYSE150 cells significantly promotes cancer cell migration, invasion and proliferation. In addition, we observed that the expression patterns of hundreds of circRNAs, lncRNAs and mRNAs in MBNL1 or QKI-deficient cells were significantly regulated. It is worth noting that there are many overlapping genes in the differentially expressed circRNAs, lncRNAs and mRNAs generated by MBNL1 or QKI knockout. And there are also several overlapping genes in the top20 differentially expressed genes. Although the functions of circRNA and lncRNA in the overlapping genes are still unclear, 3 kinds of mRNA including SLCO4C1, TMPRSS15 and MAGEB2 in overlapping genes have been reported to be able to regulate tumor progression. These findings demonstrate that MBNL1 and QKI act as tumor suppressors for ESCC and may be served as potential biomarkers and targets for ESCC diagnosis and treatment.
title: Gerhard Corfey
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Gerhard Corfey as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Absence of Spontaneous CP violation in Multi-Higgs Doublet Extension of MSSM
Creators: name: Mohapatra, R. N.
name: Nishi, C. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that in the multi-Higgs extension of minimal supersymmetric standard model, which has N-pairs of Higgs doublets (called NHMSSM), it is impossible to break CP spontaneously, if we do not allow for fine-tuning relations between parameters. The result holds true even in the presence of spontaneous R-parity breaking.
description: 11pp. REVTeX4. v2: some typos corrected
Additional file 5: of Histone acetyltransferase CBP-related H3K23 acetylation contributes to courtship learning in Drosophila
Creators: name: Li, Kai-Le
name: Zhang, Lei
name: Yang, Xiao-Mei
name: Fang, Qiang
name: Yin, Xue-Fang
name: Wei, Hui-Min
name: Zhou, Ting
name: Li, Ya-Bin
name: Chen, Xue-Lin
name: Tang, Fan
name: Li, Yong-Hao
name: Chang, Jian-Feng
name: Li, Wei
name: Sun, Feng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: The total initial courtship time in the GFP RNAi flies and the dCBP RNAi flies. (a) The data of total courtship time were from the flies with Ok107-GAL4 derived RNAi in courtship learning experiments. (b-c) The learning index data of either GFP RNAi groups or dCBP RNAi groups were divided into two subgroups by the median. Then the learning indexes are compared to another subgroups. Unpaired Two-tailed Studentâ s t-test was used. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean; the number of samples was indicated in the bar. n.s., not significant. ***p<0.001. (DOCX 149 kb)
Towards Measures of Different and Useful Aspects of Schooling: Why Schools Need Both Teacher Assigned Grades and Standardized Assessments
Creators: name: Bowers, Alex J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Academic achievement--Evaluation
Grading and marking (Students)
Grading and marking (Students)--Evaluation
Educational tests and measurements
Educational tests and measurements--Evaluation

description: Summative assessments in classrooms typically result in teacher assigned grades. Grades are well known to be highly predictive of high school graduation, college enrollment and college completion, but there has been little research that explains why. In the psychometrics literature there is a persistent perception that while standardized test scores are objective measures of fundamental academic knowledge, grades are more subjective assessments that may vary school-by-school. This chapter examines the extent to which grades in high school include teacher perceptions of student effort, participation and behavior that is a different and useful measure for schools beyond what can be provided by standardized test scores, and to what extent grades vary between schools. The chapter is organized into three related sections: a review of the literature on the relationship of grades to standardized tests, an example analysis of a large high school student dataset, and, finally, a comparison of the findings from the literature and the analysis to discuss how grades are a useful yet multidimensional assessment of academic knowledge and engaged participation in the schooling process, with the latter being highly related to overall student life outcomes.
Neutral triple electroweak gauge boson production in the large extra-dimension model at the LHC
Creators: name: Kumar, M. C.
name: Mathews, Prakash
name: Ravindran, V.
name: Seth, Satyajit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the prospects of probing large extra dimension model at the LHC through neutral triple gauge boson production processes. In theories with extra dimensions these processes result from the exchange of a tower of massive graviton modes between the SM particles. We consider γγγ, γγZ, γZ Z and ZZZ production processes, and present our results for various kinematic distributions at the LHC for \sqrt{S}=14 TeV.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, version to appear in PRD
title: Joseph Graf von Corswarem
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Joseph Graf von Corswarem as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Automorphism groups of Grassmann codes
Creators: name: Ghorpade, Sudhir R.
name: Kaipa, Krishna V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M15, 20B25, 94B05, 94B27

description: We use a theorem of Chow (1949) on line-preserving bijections of Grassmannians to determine the automorphism group of Grassmann codes. Further, we analyze the automorphisms of the big cell of a Grassmannian and then use it to settle an open question of Beelen et al. (2010) concerning the permutation automorphism groups of affine Grassmann codes. Finally, we prove an analogue of Chow's theorem for the case of Schubert divisors in Grassmannians and then use it to determine the automorphism group of linear codes associated to such Schubert divisors. In the course of this work, we also give an alternative short proof of MacWilliams theorem concerning the equivalence of linear codes and a characterization of maximal linear subspaces of Schubert divisors in Grassmannians.
description: revised version
Automated microfluidic device for the separation of cancer cells from blood
Creators: name: Lin, Bill Kengli
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The ability to separate cells based on biomechanical properties such as size and deformability is emerging as a potential alternative to biochemical methods for cell separation, particularly in cases where biochemical markers are unknown or expressed at low levels. The separation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is an example problem where this type of technology is important because the cell surface markers currently used to capture these cells are known to be unreliable. The performance of existing biomechanical cell separation techniques is currently hindered by clogging, which reduces specificity of the separation process. We previously demonstrated a microfluidic ratchet mechanism that overcomes the reversible nature of low Reynolds number flow. In this thesis, we leverage this mechanism to prevent clogging while preserving high selectivity by periodically clearing the filter microstructure to create an automated microfluidic platform that demonstrates the size and deformability-based separation of cultured human bladder UC13 cancer cells from white blood cells (WBCs). This platform has two components: the first is a size-based hydrodynamic concentrator, which performs an initial sample preparation step to reduce the sample volume while removing a fraction of the contaminant WBCs. The second is an automated cell separation device where cells are transported through a 2D array of ratcheting funnel constrictions and sorted using an oscillatory flow. We evaluate the ability of this platform for separating rare cancer cells doped into WBCs at low concentration to assess the potential of this technology for biomechanical separation of CTCs. Specifically, using a sample where cancer cells are doped into WBCs at a ratio of 1:1000, the combined system achieved a cancer cell yield of 96.0±0.1%; the outlet had a purity of 75±3%; and the population of cancer cells in the mixture was enriched by a factor 3000 (+643, -278).
Predicting and dissecting the seats-votes curve in the 2006 U.S. House election
Creators: name: Kastellec, Jonathan P.
name: Gelman, Andrew E.
name: Chandler, Jamie P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Mathematical statistics
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The 2008 U.S. House elections mark the first time since 1994 that the Democrats will seek to retain a majority. With the political climate favoring Democrats this year, it seems almost certain that the party will retain control, and will likely increase its share of seats. In five national polls taken in June of this year, Democrats enjoyed on average a 13-point advantage in the generic congressional ballot; as Bafumi, Erikson, and Wlezien (2007) point out, these early polls, suitably adjusted, are good predictors of the November vote. As of late July, bettors at intrade.com put the probability of the Democrats retaining a majority at about 95% (Intrade.com 2008). Elsewhere in this symposium, Klarner (2008) predicts an 11-seat gain for the Democrats, while Lockerbie (2008) forecasts a 25-seat pickup. In this paper we document how the electoral playing field has shifted from a Republican advantage between 1996 and 2004 to a Democratic tilt today. In an earlier article (Kastellec, Gelman, and Chandler 2008), we predicted the seats-votes curve in the 2006 election, showing how the Democrats faced an uphill battle in their effort to take control of the House and, their victory notwithstanding, ended up winning a lower percentage of seats than their average district vote nationwide. We follow up on this analysis by using the same method to predict the seats-votes curve in 2008. Due to the shift in incumbency advantage from the Republicans to the Democrats, compounded by a greater number of retirements among Republican members, we show that the Democrats now enjoy a partisan bias, and can expect to win more seats than votes for the first time since 1992. While this bias is not as large as the advantage the Republicans held in 2006, it will likely help the Democrats increase their share of seats.
New alphabet-dependent morphological transition in a random RNA alignment
Creators: name: Valba, O. V.
name: Tamm, M. V.
name: Nechaev, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the fraction $f$ of nucleotides involved in the formation of a cactus--like secondary structure of random heteropolymer RNA--like molecules. In the low--temperature limit we study this fraction as a function of the number $c$ of different nucleotide species. We show, that with changing $c$, the secondary structures of random RNAs undergo a morphological transition: $f(c)\to 1$ for $c \le c_{\rm cr}$ as the chain length $n$ goes to infinity, signaling the formation of a virtually "perfect" gapless secondary structure; while $f(c)<1$ for $c>c_{\rm cr}$, what means that a non-perfect structure with gaps is formed. The strict upper and lower bounds $2 \le c_{\rm cr} \le 4$ are proven, and the numerical evidence for $c_{\rm cr}$ is presented. The relevance of the transition from the evolutional point of view is discussed.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures (title is changed, text is essentially reworked), accepted in PRL
Duality methods for a class of quasilinear systems
Creators: name: Marini, Antonella
name: Otway, Thomas H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 58A14, 58A15, 35J47, 35J62, 35M10

description: Duality methods are used to generate explicit solutions to nonlinear Hodge systems, demonstrate the well-posedness of boundary value problems, and reveal, via the Hodge-Bäcklund transformation, underlying symmetries among superficially different forms of the equations.
description: 14 pages
title: Verlängerte Leistungseinschränkungen für Geflüchtete: Negative Konsequenzen für Gesundheit – erhoffte Einsparungen dürften ausbleiben
Creators: name: Biddle, Louise
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: H51 National Government Expenditures and Health
subject: I14 Health and Inequality
subject: J15 Economics of Minorities, Races, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
subject: refugees
subject: asylum seekers
subject: healthcare entitlement
subject: healthcare access
subject: health inequities

description: Bis zum Abschluss ihres Asylverfahrens haben Geflüchtete nur einen eingeschränkten Anspruch auf Gesundheitsleistungen. Ende Februar 2024 wurde die maximale Dauer dieser Einschränkung von 18 auf 36 Monate verlängert. Diese Änderung dürfte die tatsächliche Wartezeit, die – wie Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) zeigen – derzeit bei über einem Jahr liegt, verdoppeln. Besonders betroffen sind davon Geflüchtete mit niedriger Bildung und geringen Deutschkenntnissen. Dies hat nicht nur negative Konsequenzen für die Gesundheit der betroffenen Menschen. Auch der Staat hat Nachteile, denn eine spätere Behandlung erfordert oft einen teureren Behandlungsansatz. Deshalb wäre es sinnvoller gewesen, die Dauer der Einschränkungen zu verkürzen statt zu verlängern. Die elektronische Gesundheitskarte für Geflüchtete erleichtert den Zugang zur Gesundheitsversorgung während der Wartezeit, denn sie verringert administrative Hürden. Derzeit erhalten aber nur knapp 20 Prozent aller Geflüchteten eine Gesundheitskarte, denn sie wurde nicht in allen Bundesländern eingeführt. Die elektronische Gesundheitskarte sollte bundesweit eingeführt werden; so könnten die negativen Konsequenzen des Asylbewerberleistungsgesetzes für die Gesundheit abgefedert werden.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 12, S. 199-207
Suppression of the water ice and snow albedo feedback on planets orbiting red dwarf stars and the subsequent widening of the habitable zone
Creators: name: Joshi, M.
name: Haberle, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2
subject: 85A20

description: M-stars comprise 80% of main-sequence stars, and so their planetary systems provide the best chance for finding habitable planets, i.e.: those with surface liquid water. We have modelled the broadband albedo or reflectivity of water ice and snow for simulated planetary surfaces orbiting two observed red dwarf stars (or M-stars) using spectrally resolved data of the Earth's cryosphere. The gradual reduction of the albedos of snow and ice at wavelengths greater than 1 ?m, combined with M-stars emitting a significant fraction of their radiation at these same longer wavelengths, mean that the albedos of ice and snow on planets orbiting M-stars are much lower than their values on Earth. Our results imply that the ice/snow albedo climate feedback is significantly weaker for planets orbiting M-stars than for planets orbiting G-type stars such as the Sun. In addition, planets with significant ice and snow cover will have significantly higher surface temperatures for a given stellar flux if the spectral variation of cryospheric albedo is considered, which in turn implies that the outer edge of the habitable zone around M-stars may be 10-30% further away from the parent star than previously thought.
description: Final accepted by Astrobiology, 20 pages (double spaced), 3 figures included
The playing field shifts: Predicting the seats-votes curve in the 2008 U.S. House election
Creators: name: Kastellec, Jonathan P.
name: Gelman, Andrew E.
name: Chandler, Jamie P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Mathematical statistics
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The 2008 U.S. House elections mark the first time since 1994 that the Democrats will seek to retain a majority. With the political climate favoring Democrats this year, it seems almost certain that the party will retain control, and will likely increase its share of seats. In five national polls taken in June of this year, Democrats enjoyed on average a 13-point advantage in the generic congressional ballot; as Bafumi, Erikson, and Wlezien (2007) point out, these early polls, suitably adjusted, are good predictors of the November vote. As of late July, bettors at intrade.com put the probability of the Democrats retaining a majority at about 95% (Intrade.com 2008). Elsewhere in this symposium, Klarner (2008) predicts an 11-seat gain for the Democrats, while Lockerbie (2008) forecasts a 25-seat pickup. In this paper we document how the electoral playing field has shifted from a Republican advantage between 1996 and 2004 to a Democratic tilt today. In an earlier article (Kastellec, Gelman, and Chandler 2008), we predicted the seats-votes curve in the 2006 election, showing how the Democrats faced an uphill battle in their effort to take control of the House and, their victory notwithstanding, ended up winning a lower percentage of seats than their average district vote nationwide. We follow up on this analysis by using the same method to predict the seats-votes curve in 2008. Due to the shift in incumbency advantage from the Republicans to the Democrats, compounded by a greater number of retirements among Republican members, we show that the Democrats now enjoy a partisan bias, and can expect to win more seats than votes for the first time since 1992. While this bias is not as large as the advantage the Republicans held in 2006, it will likely help the Democrats increase their share of seats.
title: Bedarf an und Inanspruchnahme von Unterstützung bei Geflüchteten ungleich verteilt
Creators: name: Heidinger, Ellen
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: F22 International Migration
subject: J15 Economics of Minorities, Races, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
subject: L31 Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs
subject: refugees
subject: professional support
subject: support utilization
subject: integration

description: Laut Bundesinnenministerium sollen Beratung und Hilfe zur Integration für alle Schutzsuchenden verfügbar sein. Der vorliegende Wochenbericht untersucht, inwieweit dies auf Personen zutrifft, die zwischen 2013 und 2016 nach Deutschland geflüchtet sind. Mithilfe von Daten der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung Geflüchteter wird der Bedarf an und die tatsächliche Inanspruchnahme von Unterstützungsangeboten in fünf Lebensbereichen untersucht: Flüchtlings- und Asylfragen, Deutsch lernen, Zugang zum Arbeitsmarkt, zu Bildung und zur Gesundheitsversorgung. Die Analyse zeigt, dass der große Bedarf an Unterstützung nicht überall gedeckt werden kann und der Zugang zu Hilfen selektiv ist. Vor allem Geduldete und Personen im Asylverfahren erhalten seltener Hilfe als jene mit anerkanntem Aufenthaltsstatus. Personen, die Bildung oder Arbeitserfahrung aus ihrem Herkunftsland mitbringen, gelingt es eher, die benötigte Hilfe in Anspruch zu nehmen. Staatliche sowie zivilgesellschaftliche Akteure sollten weiterhin zusammenarbeiten, um zugeschnittene sprach- und kultursensible Unterstützung anzubieten.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 12, S. 191-198
Mott criticality and pseudogap in Bose-Fermi mixtures
Creators: name: Altman, Ehud
name: Demler, Eugene
name: Rosch, Achim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Mott transition of a mixed Bose-Fermi system of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice, where the number of (spinless) fermions and bosons adds up to one atom per lattice, n_F+n_B=1. For weak interactions, a Fermi surface coexists with a Bose-Einstein condensate while for strong interaction the system is incompressible but still characterized by a Fermi surface of composite fermions. At the critical point, the spectral function of the fermions, A(k,w), exhibits a pseudo-gapped behavior, rising as |w| at the Fermi momentum, while in the Mott phase it is fully gapped. Taking into account the interaction between the critical modes leads at very low temperatures either to p-wave pairing or the transition is driven weakly first order. The same mechanism should also be important in antiferromagnetic metals with a small Fermi surface.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures + supplementary material. Corrected typo in Eq. (7): added previously omitted term
Adaptive experimental design for one-qubit state estimation with finite data based on a statistical update criterion
Creators: name: Sugiyama, Takanori
name: Turner, Peter S.
name: Murao, Mio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider 1-qubit mixed quantum state estimation by adaptively updating measurements according to previously obtained outcomes and measurement settings. Updates are determined by the average-variance-optimality (A-optimality) criterion, known in the classical theory of experimental design and applied here to quantum state estimation. In general, A-optimization is a nonlinear minimization problem; however, we find an analytic solution for 1-qubit state estimation using projective measurements, reducing computational effort. We compare numerically two adaptive and two nonadaptive schemes for finite data sets and show that the A-optimality criterion gives more precise estimates than standard quantum tomography.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Subtyping of renal cortical neoplasms in fine needle aspiration biopsies using a decision tree based on genomic alterations detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization
Creators: name: Gowrishankar, Banumathy
name: Cahill, Lynnette
name: Arndt, Alexandra E.
name: Al‐Ahmadie, Hikmat
name: Lin, Oscar
name: Chadalavada, Kalyani
name: Chaganti, Seeta
name: Nanjangud, Gouri J.
name: Vundavalli, Murty V.
name: Chaganti, Raju
name: Reuter, Victor
name: Houldsworth, Jane
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Renal cell carcinoma
Needle biopsy
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Decision trees

description: Objectives: To improve the overall accuracy of diagnosis in needle biopsies of renal masses, especially small renal masses (SRMs), using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and to develop a renal cortical neoplasm classification decision tree based on genomic alterations detected by FISH. Patients and Methods: Ex vivo fine needle aspiration biopsies of 122 resected renal cortical neoplasms were subjected to FISH using a series of seven-probe sets to assess gain or loss of 10 chromosomes and rearrangement of the 11q13 locus. Using specimen (nephrectomy)-histology as the ‘gold standard’, a genomic aberration-based decision tree was generated to classify specimens. The diagnostic potential of the decision tree was assessed by comparing the FISH-based classification and biopsy histology with specimen histology. Results: Of the 114 biopsies diagnostic by either method, a higher diagnostic yield was achieved by FISH (92 and 96%) than histology alone (82 and 84%) in the 65 biopsies from SRMs (<4 cm) and 49 from larger masses, respectively. An optimized decision tree was constructed based on aberrations detected in eight chromosomes, by which the maximum concordance of classification achieved by FISH was 79%, irrespective of mass size. In SRMs, the overall sensitivity of diagnosis by FISH compared with histopathology was higher for benign oncocytoma, was similar for the chromophobe renal cell carcinoma subtype, and was lower for clear-cell and papillary subtypes. The diagnostic accuracy of classification of needle biopsy specimens (from SRMs) increased from 80% obtained by histology alone to 94% when combining histology and FISH. Conclusion: The present study suggests that a novel FISH assay developed by us has a role to play in assisting in the yield and accuracy of diagnosis of renal cortical neoplasms in needle biopsies in particular, and can help guide the clinical management of patients with SRMs that were non-diagnostic by histology.
A local global principle for regular operators in Hilbert C*-modules
Creators: name: Kaad, Jens
name: Lesch, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46H25, 46C50, 47C15

description: Hilbert C*-modules are the analogues of Hilbert spaces where a C*-algebra plays the role of the scalar field. With the advent of Kasparov's celebrated KK-theory they became a standard tool in the theory of operator algebras. While the elementary properties of Hilbert C*-modules can be derived basically in parallel to Hilbert space theory the lack of an analogue of the Projection Theorem soon leads to serious obstructions and difficulties. In particular the theory of unbounded operators is notoriously more complicated due to the additional axiom of regularity which is not easy to check. In this paper we present a new criterion for regularity in terms of the Hilbert space localizations of an unbounded operator. We discuss several examples which show that the criterion can easily be checked and that it leads to nontrivial regularity results.
description: 31 pages, 2 figures; v3: revised version containing an erratum to v2 clarifying the contributions by Fran\c{c}ois Pierrot
title: Geflüchtete kommen auf gefährlichen Wegen nach Deutschland
Creators: name: Kristen, Cornelia
name: Nebelin, Jana
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: F22 International Migration
subject: J15 Economics of Minorities, Races, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
subject: refugees
subject: escape routes

description: Die Routen, auf denen Geflüchtete in den Jahren 2014 bis 2023 nach Europa und Deutschland gekommen sind, wurden in unterschiedlichem Maße für die Flucht genutzt. Zuletzt hat die Bedeutung der zentralen Mittelmeerroute wieder zugenommen. Lauf offizieller Statistiken, in denen vor allem Todesfälle erfasst werden, ist dies die weltweit tödlichste Fluchtroute. Die Gefahrenlage auf den verschiedenen Routen lässt sich auch aus Perspektive der Ankömmlinge beschreiben. Diese zeichnen ebenfalls ein in Teilen düsteres Bild von der Flucht, gekennzeichnet von unterschiedlichen Formen von Gewalt und Bedrohung. Gleichzeitig sprechen viele Schutzsuchende, darunter insbesondere Frauen, gar nicht erst über ihre Flucht. Um die Gefahren besser beschreiben und geeignete Instrumente zu ihrer Bekämpfung entwickeln zu können, sollten die Vorkommnisse während der Flucht besser erfasst werden.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 12, S. 181-190
Computing Invariant Manifolds and Connecting Orbits in the Circular Restricted Three Body Problem
Creators: name: Calleja, Renato C.
name: Doedel, Eusebius J.
name: Humphries, Antony R.
name: Lemus, Alexandra
name: Oldeman, Bart E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 70F07, 65L10, 37D10, 65P30

description: We demonstrate the remarkable effectiveness of boundary value formulations coupled to numerical continuation for the computation of stable and unstable manifolds in systems of ordinary differential equations. Specifically, we consider the Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem (CR3BP), which models the motion of a satellite in an Earth- Moon-like system. The CR3BP has many well-known families of periodic orbits, such as the planar Lyapunov orbits and the non-planar Vertical and Halo orbits. We compute the unstable manifolds of selected Vertical and Halo orbits, which in several cases leads to the detection of heteroclinic connections from such a periodic orbit to invariant tori. Subsequent continuation of these connecting orbits with a suitable end point condition and allowing the energy level to vary, leads to the further detection of apparent homoclinic connections from the base periodic orbit to itself, or the detection of heteroclinic connections from the base periodic orbit to other periodic orbits. Some of these connecting orbits could be of potential interest in space-mission design.
description: 24 pages, 19 figures
Discussion of the Article "Website Morphing"
Creators: name: Gelman, Andrew E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Mathematical statistics
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The article under discussion illustrates the trade-off between optimization and exploration that is fundamental to statistical experimental design. In this discussion, I suggest that the research under discussion could be made even more effective by checking the fit of the model by comparing observed data to replicated data sets simulated from the fitted model.
Additional file 1: of Mapping heterogeneity in glucose uptake in metastatic melanoma using quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT analysis
Creators: name: de Heer, Ellen
name: Brouwers, Adrienne
name: Boellaard, Ronald
name: Sluiter, Wim
name: Diercks, Gilles
name: Hospers, Geke
name: de Vries, Elisabeth
name: Jalving, Mathilde
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Figure S1. Patient selection. Flow diagram showing the selection of eligible patients. (DOCX 547 kb)
Understanding Regional Economic Growth in India
Creators: name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
name: Bajpai, Nirupam
name: Ramiah, Ananthi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: This paper aims to explain the growth experiences of 14 major states of India between 1980 and 1998. Using two measures of convergence, σ-convergence and ß-convergence, we examine whether per capita incomes in the states have been converging or diverging. By both standards of convergence, India demonstrated overall divergence during 1980-98, as well as during both the pre-reform and post-reform subperiods. Interestingly, the richer states experienced a degree of convergence during the post-reform period, whereas the poorer states did not. Divergence was most notable within the poorer group of states. A remarkable 82 percent of the cross-state variation in growth is explained by just the urbanization variable in India, with no hint of any conditional convergence after controlling for the degree of urbanization. The regression estimate shows that a 10 percentage point higher rate of urbanization is associated with 1.3 percentage points per year higher rate of annual growth.
A Higgs Mass Shift to 125 GeV and A Multi-Jet Supersymmetry Signal: Miracle of the Flippons at the \sqrt{s} = 7 TeV LHC
Creators: name: Li, Tianjun
name: Maxin, James A.
name: Nanopoulos, Dimitri V.
name: Walker, Joel W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a model named No-Scale F-SU(5) which is simultaneously capable of explaining the dual signals emerging at the LHC of i) a 124-126 GeV Higgs boson mass m_h, and ii) tantalizing low-statistics excesses in the multi-jet data which may attributable to supersymmetry. These targets tend to be mutually exclusive in more conventional approaches. The unified mechanism responsible for both effects is the introduction of a rather unique set of vector-like multiplets at the TeV scale, dubbed flippons, which i) can elevate m_h by around 3-4 GeV via radiative loop corrections, and ii) flatten the running of the strong coupling and color-charged gaugino, resulting in a prominent collider signal from production of light gluino pairs. This well motivated theoretical framework maintains consistency with all key phenomenological constraints, and all residual parameterization freedom may in principle be fixed by a combination of the two experiments described. We project that the already collected luminosity of 5 fb^-1 may be sufficient to definitively establish the status of this model, given appropriate data selection cuts.
description: Physics Letters B version, 10 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1105.3988
Health in the developing world: achieving the Millennium Development Goals
Creators: name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Managerial economics
Public health

description: The Millennium Development Goals depend critically on scaling up public health investments in developing countries. As a matter of urgency, developing-country governments must present detailed investment plans that are sufficiently ambitious to meet the goals, and the plans must be inserted into existing donor processes. Donor countries must keep the promises they have often reiterated of increased assistance, which they can easily afford, to help improve health in the developing countries and ensure stability for the whole world.
Holographic Dark Energy Characterized by the Total Comoving Horizon and Insights to Cosmological Constant and Coincidence Problem
Creators: name: Huang, Zhuo-Peng
name: Wu, Yue-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed acceleration of the present universe is shown to be well explained by the holographic dark energy characterized by the total comoving horizon of the universe ($η$HDE). It is of interest to notice that the very large primordial part of the comoving horizon generated by the inflation of early universe makes the $η$HDE behave like a cosmological constant. As a consequence, both the fine-tuning problem and the coincidence problem can reasonably be understood with the inflationary universe and holographical principle. We present a systematic analysis and obtain a consistent cosmological constraint on the $η$HDE model based on the recent cosmological observations. It is found that the $η$HDE model gives the best-fit result $Ω_{m0}=0.270$ ($Ω_{de0}=0.730$) and the minimal $χ^2_{min}=542.915$ which is compatible with $χ^2_{Λ{\rm CDM}}=542.919$ for the $Λ$CDM model.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, two eqs. (26)(27) added for the consistent approximate solution of dark energy in early universe, references added, published version in PRD
title: Dorothea Crafft
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Dorothea Crafft as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Listening to what the criminal justice system hears and the stories it tells : judicial sentencing discourses about the victimization and criminalization of Aboriginal women
Creators: name: Kaiser-Derrick, Elspeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Criminalized Aboriginal women continue to be overrepresented in Canadian prisons. Research demonstrates they often have extensive experiences of victimization. This thesis explores how judges navigate these issues on sentencing, primarily by examining discourses about victimization in selected judgments. This author identified and reviewed 91 decisions sentencing Aboriginal women offenders, focusing those dealing with conditional sentences where possible. This author uses the feminist theory of the victimization-criminalization continuum to inform her thesis. Parliament attempted to respond to the overincarceration of Aboriginal peoples in 1996 with the enactment of amendments to the sentencing regime: s. 718.2(e) requires judges to consider alternatives to imprisonment for Aboriginal offenders where appropriate, and s. 742.1 offers one such alternative through the conditional sentence order. In R. v. Gladue, the Supreme Court of Canada directed how judges are to engage in the sentencing analysis for Aboriginal offenders. In 2012, the Court offered further clarification on this direction in R. v. Ipeelee. This is the context for this thesis. The histories of victimization of criminalized Aboriginal women being sentenced generally overlap with factors that comprise the Gladue analysis, and are interrelated. However, this author suggests that the focuses of the victimization-criminalization continuum and the Gladue analysis differ: the victimization-criminalization continuum most directly focuses on gendered vulnerabilities and reactions to victimization, whereas the Gladue analysis most directly focuses on reverberations of colonization (and how that should impact sentencing). This author uses various judgments to examine the overlap between these analyses, highlighting decisions that successfully integrate gendered understandings of victimization histories within the Gladue analysis, and those demonstrating more decontextualized reasoning. This author then discusses how judicial discourses about victimization intersect with discourses about rehabilitation and treatment. This author suggests associated problems that appear at this intersection – particularly where imprisonment is regarded as a place of healing (despite documented deleterious effects of incarceration). Finally, this author argues that recent incursions into the conditional sentencing regime through amendments to the Criminal Code that restrict its availability (first through the passage of Bill C-9 and then Bill C-10) are problematic for criminalized Aboriginal women who may otherwise be sent to prison.
title: Johann Christoph Crafft
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Johann Christoph Crafft as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's