cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Internetplattformen zur Diagnostik von Lernverläufen von Schülerinnen und Schülern in Deutschland. Ein Vergleich der Plattformen Lernlinie, Levumi und quop
Creators: name: Blumenthal, Stefan
name: Gebhardt, Markus
name: Förster, Natalie
name: Souvignier, Elmar
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Lernverlaufsdiagnostik, Onlineplattformen, Testsysteme, datenbasierte Entscheidungen, Progress Monitoring, Lernfortschritt, CBM, Lesen, Rechtschreibung, Mathematik, Levumi, Quope, Lernlinien
subject: 370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: Die Lernverlaufsdiagnostik ist ein wesentliches Element zur Prävention von Lernproblemen sowie zur Evaluation von Förderentscheidungen und bildet die Grundlage für datenbasierte pädagogische Entscheidungsfindungsprozesse. Obwohl positive Effekte für die Anwendung einer Lernverlaufsdiagnostik nach aktueller Studienlage auf die Leistung der Schülerinnen und Schüler nachgewiesen sind, ist ihre Anwendung noch nicht weit verbreitet. Aktuell zeigt sich, dass Lehrkräfte Schwierigkeiten damit haben, Lernverlaufsdaten zu interpretieren und adäquate Förderentscheidungen abzuleiten. Internetbasierte Systeme zur Planung, Durchführung und Interpretation von Lernverlaufsdaten können zur Anwendung von Lernverlaufsdiagnostik für Sonder- oder Regelschullehrkräfte eine Hilfe sein. In diesem Kontext werden die drei Internetplattformen www.lernlinie.de, www.levumi.de sowie www.quop.de vorgestellt. Kriteriengeleitet werden jeweils die Grundideen, die Umsetzung in der pädagogischen Praxis und die wissenschaftliche Fundierung der Internetplattformen herausgearbeitet. Progress monitoring is an essential element for the prevention of learning problems as well as for the evaluation of support decisions and forms the basis for data-based decision-making processes. Although positive effects for the application of progress monitoring on student achievement have been proven, their application is not yet widespread. Currently, it appears that teachers have difficulties in interpreting learning progress data and in deriving adequate decisions and interventions. Internet-based systems for planning, conducting, and interpreting data can be of help in applying progress monitoring in research and practice. In this context, the internet platforms www.lernlinie.de, www.levumi.de as well as www.quop.de are presented in this paper. The basic ideas, the implementation in pedagogical practice and the scientific foundation of the Internet platforms are worked out on the basis of set criteria.
title: DNA Methylation in Lung Tissues of Mouse Offspring Exposed In utero to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Creators: name: Fish, Trevor J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) comprise an important class of environmental pollutants that are known to cause lung cancer in animals and suspected lung carcinogens in humans. PAHs are also known to cause cancer in offspring when provided to a pregnant mouse. Some evidence from cell-based studies points to PAHs as modulators of the epigenome, that is modifications to DNA structure that control the expression of genes. Inappropriate changes to the epigenome and consequently expression of cancer-critical genes are often characteristic of cancer cells. The objective of this thesis research was to determine the impact of transplacental exposure to two model PAHs on the epigenome of fetal and adult lung tissues in offspring. Specifically, we measured patterns of methylation of DNA, a type of epigenetic mark, in different types of lung tissue to assess changes in the epigenome associated with development of lung cancer. Two strategies were employed: 1) a targeted approach using ultra-deep bisulfite sequencing to precisely measure the specific pattern of methylated sites in the
promoter regulatory region for several tumor suppressor genes, including Cdkn2a, Rarb, Dapk1 and Mgmt; and 2) a broad, genome-wide approach using a microarray covering all regulatory promoter regions in the entire mouse genome. Our first approach did not yield any marked differences in methylation patterns for any of the target genes for lung tissues obtained at birth or at various ages up to 45 weeks, nor according to the type of tissue (normal, pre-neoplastic, tumor). However, the genome-wide approach did yield specific patterns of methylation in lung tumors, including distinct profiles associated with lung tumor tissue from PAH-exposed animals that were substantially different from normal lung tissue in control animals. Altogether, the research presented here identified several new target genes of interest for future studies investigating the epigenetics of PAHinitiated lung cancer. This work also provided new knowledge that exposure to PAHs can lead to distinct DNA methylation profiles in lung tumors in adult offspring.
A Note on Scalar Field Theory in AdS_3/CFT_2
Creators: name: Minces, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a scalar field theory in AdS_{d+1}, and introduce a formalism on surfaces at equal values of the radial coordinate. In particular, we define the corresponding conjugate momentum. We compute the Noether currents for isometries in the bulk, and perform the asymptotic limit on the corresponding charges. We then introduce Poisson brackets at the border, and show that the asymptotic values of the bulk scalar field and the conjugate momentum transform as conformal fields of scaling dimensions Δ_{-} and Δ_{+}, respectively, where Δ_{\pm} are the standard parameters giving the asymptotic behavior of the scalar field in AdS. Then we consider the case d=2, where we obtain two copies of the Virasoro algebra, with vanishing central charge at the classical level. An AdS_3/CFT_2 prescription, giving the commutators of the boundary CFT in terms of the Poisson brackets at the border, arises in a natural way. We find that the boundary CFT is similar to a generalized ghost system. We introduce two different ground states, and then compute the normal ordering constants and quantum central charges, which depend on the mass of the scalar field and the AdS radius. We discuss certain implications of the results.
description: 24 pages. v2: added minor clarification. v3: added several comments and discussions, abstract sligthly changed. Version to be published
title: Biogeography, Population Genetics, and Community Structure of North American Bumble Bees
Creators: name: Koch, Jonathan Berenguer
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: In 2011, several wild North American bumble bee pollinator species were reported to have declined by up to 96% in relative abundance in comparison to historic estimates, and one species was speculated to be extinct. None of these species have yet been documented to have recovered from these declines and additional species are now suggested to be at risk. Imperiled species in particular show increased specificity to narrow climatic envelopes, as opposed to putatively stable species. My dissertation describes patterns of population genetic diversity, structure, and gene flow pathways associated with climate variation and historical biogeography of bumble bees distributed in western North America. The results of my dissertation research suggests that (1) historic climate variability predicts contemporary patterns of population genetic structure and divergence in an economically important species, (2) color variability in bumble bees is likely associated with lineage diversification and phylogeography, (3) bumble bee community structure across evolutionary time is likely driven by Müllerian mimicry at narrow spatial scales, and (4) bumble bees inhabiting specialized ecological niches are associated with high levels of genetic fixation at regional spatial scales in the Pacific Northwest. The results of my research directly contribute to current efforts to effectively manage, conserve, and advocate for wild bumble bee pollinators in the context of global change.
Constraining dark energy with gamma-ray bursts
Creators: name: Samushia, Lado
name: Ratra, Bharat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the measurement of gamma-ray burst (GRB) distances to constrain dark energy cosmological model parameters. We employ two methods for analyzing GRB data - fitting luminosity relation of GRBs in each cosmology and using distance measures computed from binned GRB data. Current GRB data alone cannot tightly constrain cosmological parameters and allow for a wide range of dark energy models.
description: 27 pages, 12 figures, two methods of analysing GRB data, updated to match published version.
Karakorum temperature out of phase with hemispheric trends for the past five centuries
Creators: Zafar, Muhammad Usama
Ahmed, Moinuddin
Rao, Mukund Palat
Buckley, Brendan M.
Khan, Nasrullah
Wahab, Muhammad
Palmer, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Dendrochronology
Atmospheric temperature
Glaciers--Climatic factors
Climatic changes

description: A systematic increase in global temperature since the industrial revolution has been attributed to anthropogenic forcing. This increase has been especially evident over the Himalayas and Central Asia and is touted as a major contributing factor for glacier mass balance declines across much of this region. However, glaciers of Pakistan’s Karakorum region have shown no such decline during this time period, and in some instances have exhibited slight advance. This discrepancy, known as the ‘Karakorum Anomaly’, has been attributed to unusual amounts of debris covering the region’s glaciers; the unique seasonality of the region’s precipitation; and localized cooling resulting from increased cloudiness from monsoonal moisture. Here we present a tree-ring based reconstruction of summer (June–August) temperature from the Karakorum of North Pakistan that spans nearly five centuries (1523–2007 C.E.). The ring width indices are derived from seven collections (six—Picea smithiana and one—Pinus gerardiana) from middle-to-upper timberline sites in the northern Karakorum valleys of Gilgit and Hunza at elevations ranging from 2850 to 3300 meters above mean sea level (mean elevation 3059 m asl). The reconstruction passes all traditional calibration–verification schemes and explains 41 % of the variance of the nested Gilgit–Astore instrumental station data (Gilgit—1454 m asl, 1951–2009; Astore—2167 m asl, 1960–2013). Importantly, our results indicate that Karakorum temperature has remained decidedly out of phase with hemispheric temperature trends for at the least the past five centuries, highlighting the long-term stability of the Karakorum Anomaly, and suggesting that the region’s temperature and cloudiness are contributing factors to the anomaly.
title: Water Decision-Making Under Uncertainty
Creators: name: Odame, Augustina Yaa Oye
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: This dissertation is made up of three separate studies under the unifying theme of “Water Decision-Making under Uncertainty.” The first study analyzed a farmer’s decision to invest in a more efficient irrigation system given uncertainty about future water supplies and his post-investment efficiency. It found the price at which farmers would no longer produce to be a bigger consideration in irrigation investment than previously thought. It also found support for a careful identification and consideration of all significant sources of uncertainty in order to create better policy incentives for irrigation technology investments.
The second study extended the first to allow the farmer to gradually update his irrigation system rather than undertake a single, complete overhaul. It found that giving the farmer this option, has significant impact and potential with regards to investments meant to effect behavioral change for improved system outcomes such as more efficient irrigation systems towards regional water conservation goals.
The third and final chapter established a spatially explicit hydroeconomic model of water-use behavior in the Cache Valley of Utah to evaluate the impact of individual decisions, actions and interactions on available water supplies, and whether and how a water master’s privileged information about the behavior of users in his system may be used to improve system outcomes for users in the canal, downstream water requirements and storm-water management.
Additional file 1 of Cellstitch: 3D cellular anisotropic image segmentation via optimal transport
Creators: name: Liu, Yining
name: Jin, Yinuo
name: Azizi, Elham
name: Blumberg, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Information.
Isolation and identification of two new sargentodoxosides from Sargentodoxa cuneata and their agonistic effects against FXR
Creators: name: Zhang, Wen
name: Sun, Cheng-Peng
name: Peng, Yu-Lin
name: Zhao, Wen-Yu
name: Wang, Zheng-Yue
name: Ning, Jing
name: Lv, Xia
name: Yu, Zhen-Long
name: Zhou, Shuang
name: Peng, Wei
name: Fang, Bang-Jiang
name: Ma, Xiao-Chi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Virology
Computational Biology

description: Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehd. et Wils is a traditional Chinese medicine to treat acute appendicitis, rheumarthritis, abdominal pain, and painful menstruation for a long history. The investigation of S. cuneata led to the isolation and identification of twenty-three secondary metabolites, including two new compounds, sargentodoxosides A (1) and B (2), and twenty-one known ones (3-23). Their structural characterization was conducted by HRESIMS, 1 D and 2 D NMR spectra. All the isolated compounds were assayed for their agonistic activities against the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Nine of the isolated compounds displayed significant agonistic effects against FXR at 0.1 µM, suggesting that they could be served as potential agents for the development of FXR agonists.
High-field muSR studies of superconducting and magnetic correlations in cuprates above Tc
Creators: name: Sonier, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advent of high transverse-field muon spin rotation (TF-muSR) has led to recent muSR investigations of the magnetic-field response of cuprates above the superconducting transition temperature T_c. Here the results of such experiments on hole-doped cuprates are reviewed. Although these investigations are currently ongoing, it is clear that the effects of high field on the internal magnetic field distribution of these materials is dependent upon a competition between superconductivity and magnetism. In La_{2-x}Sr_xCuO_4 the response to the external field above Tc is dominated by heterogeneous spin magnetism. However, the magnetism that dominates the observed inhomogeneous line broadening below x ~ 0.19 is overwhelmed by the emergence of a completely different kind of magnetism in the heavily overdoped regime. The origin of the magnetism above x ~ 0.19 is currently unknown, but its presence hints at a competition between superconductivity and magnetism that is reminiscent of the underdoped regime. In contrast, the width of the internal field distribution of underdoped YBa_2Cu_3O_y above Tc is observed to track Tc and the density of superconducting carriers. This observation suggests that the magnetic response above Tc is not dominated by electronic moments, but rather inhomogeneous fluctuating superconductivity.
description: 28 pages, 11 figures, 104 references
title: Validation of Tissue Nutrient Status for Tart Cherry (Prunus cerasus) and Peach (Prunus persica) in Utah
Creators: name: Tsai, Emily
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: Nutrient concentrations in plant tissues are directly correlated with the nutritional status and productivity of fruit trees. Plant tissue testing is one of the most effective and accurate methods to determine nutritional status of perennial plants. Tissue test analyses were performed on tart cherry (Prunus cerasus) and peach (Prunus persica) leaves to validate tissue sufficiency levels used in Utah and to determine optimal timing of tissue sampling for prediction of harvest nutrient status, focusing on phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). Sufficiency limits that were adopted in Utah were developed in the 1960s from research data accumulated from the primary fruit growing regions in the United States. Limited research has been conducted under Utah growing conditions. Tissue nutrient concentrations over time correlated well with current sufficiency limits and observed nutrient deficiencies in the field. Tissue concentrations of P, K, Fe, and Zn were found to be chronically low in Utah orchards. Plant tissue data demonstrates that mid-season sampling can predict nutrient status at harvest. Mid-season sampling also allows time for corrective adjustments to maintain sufficiency levels and reach optimal fruit production. Nutrient management practices are commonly applied annually to increase yield, fruit quality, and overall health of an orchard. Yield was measured on previously treated tart cherry orchards to determine residual effect on tree nutrient status. Orchards were treated 2 to 3 years prior with rate-response formulations of P and K; one has since adopted recommended fertilizer rates for optimizing tart cherry production in Utah and the other continued with their less aggressive management practices. The less aggressively managed orchard showed trends across treatments, but differences were not significant. Annual fertilizer applications may not immediately show effect during year of application, but long term management is essential for overall productivity of orchards.
title: Survey of 1968 Graduates of Home Economics Programs at Intermountain School in Brigham City, Utah
Creators: name: Bitton, Aty Bakker
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1969

description: The Home Economics Program of Intermountain School in Brigham City, Utah was studied by a survey of graduates of the program of the year 1968. Research data was obtained from two sources: (1) a questionnaire to students who had graduated from the Home Economics Programs of Intermountain School in Brigham City in the year 1968, and (2) a questionnaire to employers of these students.
Findings of the study were that Home Economics education is useful to students in their personal life as well as in post high school training and employment and that a majority of the employers questioned rated graduates' preparation for work satisfactory. Many suggestions were made by graduates and their employers for improvements and additions to Home Economics and Preparation for Work programs.
N=1 Chern-Simons theories, orientifolds and Spin(7) cones
Creators: name: Forcella, Davide
name: Zaffaroni, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct three dimensional N=1 Chern-Simons theories living on M2 branes probing Spin(7) cones. We consider Spin(7) manifolds obtained as quotients of Calabi-Yau four-folds by an anti-holomorphic involution, following a construction by Joyce. The corresponding Chern-Simons theories can be obtained from N=2 theories by an orientifolding procedure. These theories are holographically dual to M theory solutions AdS_4 \times H, where the weak G_2 manifold H is the base of the Spin(7) cone.
description: 26 pages, 3 figures, reference added.
title: A Photographic Record of Selected Industries of Box Elder County
Creators: name: Jensen, Robert E.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1967

description: This thesis is primarily a photographic study of past and present industries of Box Elder County, Utah. A variety of industries have been established in this county since it was first settled in 1851. This study illustrates the varying degrees of growth and recession of industries within the county and also depicts the many changes in industry over the past century.
The main purpose of the study was to gather photographs and pertinent information concerning the major industries of the county. It was proposed that this material would be useful to industrial arts teachers in their responsibility of presenting industry to the students in their classes. Others interested in industry would also benefit from the study.
Research was done to find photographs and information in the major areas of Minerals, Manufacturing, Electric Light and Power, Transportation, and Communication. A total of 128 photographs are presented, some dating back as far as the 1860's when early industries were comparatively new.
title: Tissue Mineral Imbalances in Cattle with Brisket Disease
Creators: name: Field, Patricia H.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: Twenty four cattle, six each of healthy cows and calves, and cows and calves with brisket disease, were obtained, examined and slaughtered, The concentrations of calcium, chloride, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, molybdenum, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and zinc; and percent absolute dry matter and percent ash were determined in tissues selected from the following: cardiac, hepatic, renal, osseous, whole blood and blood serum. In addition, certain physical and biological parameters were recorded for each animal. The results were analyzed as a 2 x 2 factorial, segregating the effects of age and brisket disease, and the age-disease interaction.
The following statistically significant (P
The effects of brisket disease are superimposed upon these marked differences in the cattle in the present study as compared to those in a previous study of well nourished cattle of similar breeding from a similar environment: reduced cardiac, hepatic, serum and osseous calcium; reduced hepatic, osseous and serum magnesium and increased renal magnesium; reduced hepatic phosphorus and increased renal phosphorus; reduced hepatic, serum and osseous potassium and increased cardiac potassium; and reduced cardiac, osseous and serum sodium and zinc.
The effects of age must be evaluated in view of the fact that half of the animals were diseased; moreover, some age effects occurred almost exclusively in the diseased animals. Statistically significant (P
The interaction of increased age and brisket disease produced the following statistically significant (P
Hypotheses regarding possible reasons for these results are formulated and discussed.
Quantum Quenches in an XXZ Spin Chain from a Spatially Inhomogeneous Initial State
Creators: name: Lancaster, Jarrett
name: Mitra, Aditi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results are presented for the nonequilibrium dynamics of a quantum $XXZ$-spin chain whose spins are initially arranged in a domain wall profile via the application of a magnetic field in the $z$-direction which is spatially varying along the chain. The system is driven out of equilibrium in two ways: a). by rapidly turning off the magnetic field, b). by rapidly quenching the interactions at the same time as the magnetic field is turned off. The time-evolution of the domain wall profile as well as various two-point spin correlation functions is studied by the exact solution of the fermionic problem for the $XX$ chain and via a bosonization approach and a mean-field approach for the $XXZ$ chain. At long times the magnetization is found to equilibrate (reach the ground state value), while the two-point correlation functions in general do not. In particular, for quenches within the gapless $XX$ phase, the transverse spin correlation functions acquire a spatially inhomogeneous structure at long times whose details depend on the initial domain wall profile. The spatial inhomogeneity is also recovered for the case of classical spins initially arranged in a domain wall profile and shows that the inhomogeneities arise due to the dephasing of transverse spin components as the domain wall broadens. A generalized Gibbs ensemble approach is found to be inadequate in capturing this spatially inhomogeneous state.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures. References added. Final published version
title: An Automatic Algorithm for Textured Digital Elevation Model Formation using Aerial Texel Swaths
Creators: name: Bybee, Taylor C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: Textured digital elevation models (TDEMs) have valuable use in precision agriculture, situational awareness, and disaster response. However, Scientific-quality models are expensive to obtain using conventional aircraft-based methods. Photogrammetry-based techniques have no direct measurements, and thus has uncertainty in the reconstruction. The concept of a texel camera, which has both aerial imagery and ladar measurements from an inexpensive small UAV, can be used to combine the two methods.
A texel camera fuses calibrated ladar measurements and electro-optical imagery upon simultaneous capture, creating a texel image. This eliminates the problem of fusing the data in a post-processing step and enables both 2D- and 3D-image registration techniques to be used. A texel camera outputs texel swaths during a UAV flight. A swath consists of an aerial image that is calibrated to associated depth measurements. This thesis describes an automatic algorithm for registering these texel swaths into a TDEM.
The algorithm involves image processing, 3D geometry, and nonlinear optimization processes. The algorithm is seeded with a coarse estimate of the position and attitude of each texel swath capture, obtained using an on-board navigation system. Analysis of several data sets registered using this algorithm is shown. This method enables an inexpensive alternative to obtaining high quality textured 3D landscapes.
Expanding Space: The Root of Conceptual Problems of the Cosmological Physics
Creators: name: Baryshev, Yu. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The space expansion physics contains several paradoxes which were clearly demonstrated by Edward Harrison (1981, 1995, 2000), who emphasized that the cooling of homogeneous hot gas (including photon gas of CBR) in the standard cosmological model based on the violation of energy conservation by the expanding space. In modern version of SCM the term "space expansion" actually means continuous creation of vacuum, something that leads to conceptual problems. Recent discussion by Francis, Barnes, James, and Lewis (2007) on the physical sense of the increasing distance to a receding galaxy without motion of the galaxy is just a particular consequence of the arising paradoxes. Here we present an analysis of the following conceptual problems of the SCM: the violation of energy conservation for local comoving volumes, the exact Newtonian form of the Friedmann equation, the absence of an upper limit on the receding velocity of galaxies which can be greater than the speed of light, and the presence of the linear Hubble law deeply inside inhomogeneous galaxy distribution. The common cause of these paradoxes is the geometrical description of gravity, where there is no a well defined concept of the energy-momentum tensor for the gravitational field, no energy quanta - gravitons, and no energy-momentum conservation for matter plus gravity because gravity is not a material field.
description: 11 pages, proceedings of the International conference "Problems of Practical Cosmology", 23-27 June 2008, St.-Petersburg, Russia, see http://ppc08.astro.spbu.ru/text_proc.html
Mechanical properties of sheep skin in compression
Creators: name: Sakata, Kenji
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The mechanical properties of sheep skin in compression were investigated by two methods; a stress strain method and a cyclic stress fatigue method. It was shown that the skin behaves like a linear viscoelastic material for small loads, however, for large loads it behaves nonlinearly and the strain is essentially a logarithmic function of load. The effect on the skin of treatment with several solutions and enzymes were also investigated and characterized statistically. By the cyclic stress fatigue method the dependency of sheep skin on the previous history, which is axiomatic for biological materials, was investigated and it was shown that the fatigue behaviour of sheep skin is essentially a logarithmic function of time. Based on the experimental data, a mechanical model for sheep skin was proposed and the simulation of the model was carried out using an analog computer. By comparing the experimental data with the simulation results, the proposed model was shown to represent the experimental results satisfactorily.
Monsoon extremes and society over the past millennium on mainland Southeast Asia
Creators: Buckley, Brendan M.
Fletcher, Roland
Wang, Shi-Yu Simon
Zottoli, Brian
Pottier, Christophe
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Climatic changes

description: The early 21st century has seen vigorous scientific interest in the Asian monsoon and significant development of paleo-proxies of monsoon strength. These include the Monsoon Asian Drought Atlas – a 700-year, gridded reconstruction of hydroclimate derived from 327 tree ring records – and several long speleothem records from China and India. Similar progress has been made on the study of monsoon climate dynamics through re-analysis data products and General Circulation Model diagnostics. The story has emerged of a variable monsoon over the latter Holocene, with extended droughts and anomalously wet episodes that occasionally and profoundly influenced the course of human history. We focus on Southeast Asia where an anomalous period of unstable climate coincided with the demise of the capital of the Khmer Empire at Angkor between the 14th and the 16th centuries, and we suggest that protracted periods of drought and deluge rain events, the latter of which damaged Angkor's extensive water management systems, may have been a significant factor in the subsequent transfer of the political capital away from Angkor. The late 16th and early 17th century experienced climate instability and the collapse of the Ming Dynasty in China under a period of drought, while Tonkin experienced floods and droughts throughout the 17th century. The 18th century was a period of great turmoil across Southeast Asia, when all of the region's polities saw great unrest and rapid realignment during one of the most extended periods of drought of the past millennium. New paleo-proxy records and the incorporation of historical documentation will improve future analyses of the interaction between climate extremes, social behavior and the collapse or disruption of regional societies, a subject of increasing concern given the uncertainties surrounding projections for future climate.
Hydrodynamics of bivalve offshore aquaculture
Creators: name: Landmann, Jannis
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Hydrodynamics
subject: Sustainable aquaculture
subject: Offshore engineering
subject: Bivalves
subject: Physical model tests
subject: Forces
subject: Motion
subject: Hydrodynamik
subject: Nachhaltige Aquakultur
subject: Offshore-Technik
subject: Muscheln
subject: Physikalische Modellversuche
subject: Kräfte
subject: Bewegung
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: Without sustainable offshore aquaculture it is impossible to achieve food security for coastal communities. Growing populations in coastal zones, amounting to approximately 40% of the entire human population, exert high pressure on coastal ecosystems and natural resources, and furthermore increase the need for additional food sources. In coastal zones, marine-based nutrients offer great potential to meet this demand. With sustainability in mind, extractive species like mussels and oysters, which require no additional food, are becoming increasingly more important. Therefore, researchers, industry representatives, and policymakers alike are seeking to utilize offshore areas for shellfish aquaculture. To successfully grow shellfish in offshore areas, it is vital to understand the complex interaction of offshore aquaculture systems with waves and currents. Modelling these interactions facilitates the development of aquaculture structures that can withstand these high-energy environments. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to increase the understanding of the complex flow around offshore shellfish aquaculture systems and their interaction with waves and currents. The literature review reports on the hydromechanic drivers with a focus on the forces, motion, and wave-structure interaction of bivalve aquaculture systems to lay a sound basis for the analysis and interpretation of the results. From there, a lack of information regarding the motions and forces of bivalve aquaculture components in steady and oscillatory flow as well as a lack of guidance as to how the complex surface of mussel dropper lines should be modelled is identified. To address these gaps of knowledge, physical experiments with live blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), substitute surrogate models, a newly designed aquaculture system, and naturally floating islands were conducted. The results of these experiments, published in four journal manuscripts, provide insights regarding the hydrodynamic coefficients for mussel dropper lines and its influencing parameters. Furthermore, the procedural design and creation as well as the hydrodynamic fit of a surrogate structure are shown. Wave and current tests with the novel aquaculture system and the comprehensive analysis of the hydrodynamic interaction of waves and floating natural islands in a large-scale facility provide insights regarding the motion and forces. Combined, the results enhance the understanding of the hydrodynamic processes around bivalve offshore aquaculture structures.
title: An Exploratory Study of Attributes, Affordances, Abilities, and Distance in Children's Use of Mathematics Virtual Manipulative iPad Apps
Creators: name: Tucker, Stephen I.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: This exploratory qualitative study investigated the presence of and relationships among constructs that contribute to children's interactions with educational technology, leading to the development of the modification of attributes, affordances, abilities, and distance (MAAAD) for Learning framework. For this study, each of 10 fifth-grade children participated in one individual video-recorded semistructured interview session, during which they interacted with two mathematics virtual manipulative iPad apps and responded to follow-up questions. Video recordings and observation field notes were analyzed for evidence of attributes, affordance-ability relationships, distance, and relationships among these constructs.
Constant comparative data analysis using memoing and eclectic coding provided evidence of the presence of each focus construct. Further analysis and interpretation, including quantization of qualitative data for visualization using novel rhombus plots, also led to the identification of emergent themes related to each construct and revealed relationships among the constructs. Emergent themes included categorization, alignment, and modification of attributes, variations and interrelationships among affordance-ability relationships, and the identification of and interactions among mathematical and technological distance. Furthermore, each construct related to each other construct. The evidence and interpretations led to the development of the MAAAD for Learning framework.
The results of the study suggest that the MAAAD for Learning framework models relationships among attributes, affordance-ability relationships, and distance in the context of user-app interactions. the framework could serve as a tool for app developers designing apps, educators using apps to support children's learning, and researchers characterizing user-app interactions and the outcomes of those interactions. The constructs, relationships, and framework identified in this study advance the literature on children's interactions with educational technology tools, in particular literature concerning children's interactions with mathematics virtual manipulative iPad apps.
Additional file 1 of The experience of dry mouth and screening for Sjogren’s syndrome by the dentist: patient-reported experiences
Creators: name: Rihab, Boughanmi
name: Lina, El Houari
name: Noémie, Simon-Tillaux
name: Jean, Saide
name: Marjolaine, Gosset
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1.
title: Improving Reuse of Distributed Transaction Software with Transaction-Aware Aspects
Creators: name: AlSobeh, Anas Ahmad
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: Implementing crosscutting concerns for transactions is difficult, even using Aspect-Oriented Programming Languages (AOPLs) such as AspectJ. Many of these challenges arise because the context of a transaction-related crosscutting concern consists of loosely-coupled abstractions like dynamically-generated identifiers, timestamps, and tentative value sets of distributed resources. Current AOPLs do not provide joinpoints and pointcuts for weaving advice into high-level abstractions or contexts, like transaction contexts. Other challenges stem from the essential complexity in the nature of the data, operations on the data, or the volume of data, and accidental complexity comes from the way that the problem is being solved, even using common transaction frameworks. This dissertation describes an extension to AspectJ, called TransJ, with which developers can implement transaction-related crosscutting concerns in cohesive and loosely-coupled aspects. It also presents a preliminary experiment that provides evidence of improvement in reusability without sacrificing the performance of applications requiring essential transactions. This empirical study is conducted using the extended-quality model for transactional application to define measurements on the transaction software systems. This quality model defines three goals: the first relates to code quality (in terms of its reusability); the second to software performance; and the third concerns software development efficiency. Results from this study show that TransJ can improve the reusability while maintaining performance of TransJ applications requiring transaction for all eight areas addressed by the hypotheses: better encapsulation and separation of concern; loose Coupling, higher-cohesion and less tangling; improving obliviousness; preserving the software efficiency; improving extensibility; and hasten the development process.
title: "We are Entitled to, and we Must Have, Medical Care": San Juan County's Farm Security Administration Medical Plan, 1938-1946
Creators: name: Brumbaough, John Howard
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: This thesis traces the efforts of rural county in Utah attempting to create a professional medical system and addresses the challenges community faced in this effort including divisions among local and national medical societies, women and gender issues, and opposition to religious hierarchy. Navigating these conflicts, the local leaders in San Juan County established a medical cooperative which enable the permanent residence of a physician and later the construction of a hospital. San Juan County provided these medical services for its residents at a time when many of counties in the United States failed to expand their health services. San Juan succeeded due to dynamic leadership, support of local medical association, and the slow expansion of the medical system.
Additional file 1 of An artificial intelligence approach for predicting death or organ failure after hospitalization for COVID-19: development of a novel risk prediction tool and comparisons with ISARIC-4C, CURB-65, qSOFA, and MEWS scoring systems
Creators: name: Kwok, Stephen Wai Hang
name: Wang, Guanjin
name: Sohel, Ferdous
name: Kashani, Kianoush B.
name: Zhu, Ye
name: Wang, Zhen
name: Antpack, Eduardo
name: Khandelwal, Kanika
name: Pagali, Sandeep R.
name: Nanda, Sanjeev
name: Abdalrhim, Ahmed D.
name: Sharma, Umesh M.
name: Bhagra, Sumit
name: Dugani, Sagar
name: Takahashi, Paul Y.
name: Murad, Mohammad H.
name: Yousufuddin, Mohammed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1. Fig S1. STROBE flow-diagram. Table S1. Machine learning models. Table S2. Description of existing risk prediction tools. Table S3. Risk prediction models and estimated scores. Table S4. Characteristics of study population by the development and validation cohorts. Panel 1. Methods, additional description. Table S5. STROBE checklist. Table S6. TRIPOD checklist.
Comparing the statistics of interstellar turbulence in simulations and observations: Solenoidal versus compressive turbulence forcing
Creators: name: Federrath, C.
name: Roman-Duval, J.
name: Klessen, R.
name: Schmidt, W.
name: Mac Low, M. -M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study two limiting cases of turbulence forcing in numerical experiments: solenoidal (divergence-free) forcing, and compressive (curl-free) forcing, and compare our results to observations reported in the literature. We solve the equations of hydrodynamics on grids with up to 1024^3 cells for purely solenoidal and purely compressive forcing. Eleven lower-resolution models with mixtures of both forcings are also analysed. We find velocity dispersion--size relations consistent with observations and independent numerical simulations, irrespective of the type of forcing. However, compressive forcing yields stronger turbulent compression at the same RMS Mach number than solenoidal forcing, resulting in a three times larger standard deviation of volumetric and column density probability distributions (PDFs). We conclude that the strong dependence of the density PDF on the type of forcing must be taken into account in any theory using the PDF to predict properties of star formation. We supply a quantitative description of this dependence. We find that different observed regions show evidence of different mixtures of compressive and solenoidal forcing, with more compressive forcing occurring primarily in swept-up shells.
description: 28 pages, 20 figures, published as Highlight Paper in A&A, 512, A81 (2010); simulation movies available at http://www.ita.uni-heidelberg.de/~chfeder/videos.shtml?lang=en
title: Great Salt Lake Past and Present: Elevation and Salinity Changes to Utah's Great Salt Lake from Railroad Causeway Alterations
Creators: name: White, James S.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: In 1959, Union Pacific Railroad constructed a rock-filled causeway bisecting Utah’s Great Salt Lake, separating the lake into a north and south arm. Flow between the two arms was limited to two 4.6 meter wide culverts installed during original construction, an 88 meter breach opening installed in 1984, and the semi porous boulder and gravel causeway material. The south arm receives nearly all streamflows entering Great Salt Lake and a salinity gradient between the two arms developed over time. North arm salinity is often at or near saturation, averaging 317 g\L since 1966, while the south is considerably less saline, averaging 142 g\L since 1966. Ecological and industrial uses of the lake depend on salinity levels staying within physiologic and economic thresholds. Union Pacific Railroad proposed to replace aging culverts with a bridge, and provided four alternative bridge designs. Northern Utah’s variable climate complicates management of the causeway, where lake elevation and salinity are affected by wet and dry periods. Understanding the historical duration, magnitude, and frequency of wet and dry periods can inform future management decisions. I model the effect of each proposed bridge design on Great Salt Lake salinity and elevation in both arms by updating and applying US Geological Survey’s Great Salt Lake Fortran Model. I used measured historical streamflow and a 400-year tree-ring paleo-streamflow reconstruction to understand lake elevation and salinity sensitivity to longer-term climate variability. The model accurately simulates historical lake elevation and salinity and is sensitive to proposed bridge designs. Bridge alternatives vary salinity by 20 g\L within each arm using historical 1966-2012 conditions. When the model was run with the 400-year paleo-reconstructed hydrology, I find that the 20th century had the lowest average lake level of any century since 1600, and that 20th century floods were smaller than in previous centuries, both in terms of length and magnitude. With the 400-year paleo-streamflow model, differences of south arm salinity between bridge alternatives increase considerably through time, where alternative D results in salinity up to 100 g/l less than alternative A and that the current condition of the causeway would result in a fundamental change in Great Salt Lake characteristics, with the south arm approaching freshwater conditions at times. This research demonstrates that mass balance models are useful to predict management effects on terminal lake ecosystems, and provides a unique approach to reconstruct terminal lake paleo-salinity.
Automated Surveillance in Education
Creators: name: Gilliard, Chris
name: Selwyn, Neil
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 130306 Educational Technology and Computing
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: This is the first of three interviews for Special Issue of Postdigital Science and Education, ‘Education in the Automated Age’, This article presents a conversation with Professor Chris Gilliard - widely-regarded for his critiques of surveillance technology, digital privacy and the problematic ways that digital technologies intersect with race and social class. In this interview, Neil Selwyn talks with Chris about the automated forms of surveillance that have been integrated into schools and colleges over the past few years – from remote ‘online examination proctoring’ to ongoing enthusiasms for putting virtual assistants such as Amazon Echo and Alexa in classrooms.