cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Environmental factors influencing fungal growth on gypsum boards and their biodegradation : a university campus case study
Creators: name: Kazemian, Negin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Contamination and growth of fungi within buildings, has gained increasing public attention within the last decade. Indoor fungal growth can have many adverse effects on building materials and has been linked to many health effects. In an effort to better understand the different environmental conditions that lead to fungal growth on indoor materials of drywall, and observe the biodegradative capabilities of these organisms, a case study was conducted at the University of British Columbia-Okanagan campus. The results of this study showed that age, and type of rooms can affect the diversity and composition of fungal taxa, with rooms in older buildings and laboratories supporting a higher diversity of fungi. The type of flooring and presence of carpet was not an influencing factor on fungal growth and diversity observed on drywall samples. A higher degree of fungal growth also affected the physical and mechanical properties of these building materials, with more fungi increasing the dry weight loss and decreasing the tensile strength of drywall. Although there are several epidemiological studies on the association between indoor fungi and the development of health problems, much still needs to be learned about what factors in indoor environments lead to the growth of these microorganisms. With a better understanding of which factors and environmental conditions trigger fungal growth in built environments, we can eventually better design indoor living spaces occupied by humans and develop methods for dealing with such problems.
Additional file 1 of LAMA2 and LOXL4 are candidate FSGS genes
Creators: name: Vijayan, Poornima
name: Hack, Saidah
name: Yao, Tony
name: Qureshi, Mohammad Azfar
name: Paterson, Andrew D.
name: John, Rohan
name: Davenport, Bernard
name: Lennon, Rachel
name: Pei, York
name: Barua, Moumita
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. In silico predictions for LAMA2 (Table 1) and LOXL4 (Table 2).
Read Me from Bayesian inference on a microstructural, hyperelastic model of tendon deformation
Creators: name: Haughton, James
name: Cotter, Simon L.
name: Parnell, William J.
name: Shearer, Tom
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 310908
subject: Animal physiology - biophysics
classificationCode: 320203
subject: Clinical microbiology
classificationCode: 320802
subject: Human biophysics
classificationCode: 490102
subject: Biological mathematics

description: A Microsoft Word file explaining the code files in the two Zip folders
Comparative Analysis of Nutritional Components in Muscles between Wild and Cultured Masu Salmon Oncorhynchus masou
Creators: name: WEI Kai
name: ZHENG Wei
name: GENG Yan
name: MA Long
name: CHEN  Chunshan
name: WEI Kai
name: ZHENG Wei
name: GENG Yan
name: MA Long
name: CHEN  Chunshan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Oncorhynchus masou, Wild population, Cultured population, Amino acid composition

description: In this paper, approximate nutritional components and amino acid content were determined in muscles of female wild population (WP) with body weight of 2 500 - 3 000 g and female cultured population (CP) with body weight of 750-1 250 g masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou in the gonadal development stage IV by conventional method. The results showed that there were significantly higher crude protein and significantly lower crude fat in fresh muscle of WP than that in CP (P < 0.05), but not significant differences in the contents of moisture and crude ash between WP and CP (P > 0.05). Eighteen kinds of amino acids were detected in muscles of WP and CP, with higher total content of amino acids (TAA), essential amino acids (EAA) and four kinds of delicious amino acids (DAA) in WP than those in CP (P < 0.05). The amino acid score (AAS) and chemical score (CS) revealed that the first limiting amino acid was tryptophan in two populations, with essential amino acid index (EAAI) of 75.59% in WP and 70.77% in CP. The findings indicated that the amino acid contents in muscles of CP are lower than that of WP, but the amino acid nutritional value evaluation indicators of both populations are very close, and both have high nutritional value.
Macroaquatic fossils in the Pliocene- Pleistocene deposits of Jordan and their living environments as compared with surviving relatives
Creators: name: Alhejoj, Ikhlas Khalaf
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013
Subjects: Fossils
Pliocene- Pleistocene deposits
Jordan

description: Deposits of Pliocene- Pleistocene age from different parts of Jordan were studied. Those stemming from lakes, creeks and rivers in the Jordan Valley contain fossils which are predominantly those of molluscs and ostracods.
The Hartman effect and weak measurements "which are not really weak"
Creators: name: Sokolovski, D.
name: Akhmatskaya, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that in wavepacket tunnelling localisation of the transmitted particle amounts to a quantum measurement of the delay it experiences in the barrier. With no external degree of freedom involved, the envelope of the wavepacket plays the role of the initial pointer state. Under tunnelling conditions such 'self measurement' is necessarily weak, and the Hartman effect just reflects the general tendency of weak values to diverge, as post-selection in the final state becomes improbable. We also demonstrate that it is a good precision, or 'not really weak' quantum measurement: no matter how wide the barrier d, it is possible to transmit a wavepacket with a width σ small compared to the observed advancement. As is the case with all weak measurements, the probability of transmission rapidly decreases with the ratio σ/d.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Semantische Informationsintegration - Konzeption eines auf Beschreibungslogiken basierenden Integrationssystems für die Produktentwicklung
Creators: name: Bittel, Vitalis
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2014
Subjects: Informationsintegration
Produktentwicklung
Ontologie
Inferenz
Produktdaten

description: Aufgrund der Notwendigkeit, unkontrolliert aufkommende Datenfluten zu beherrschen sowie der steigenden Produktkomplexität resultiert der Handlungsbedarf, skalierbare Informationsintegrationslösungen zu finden, die einen effizienten und kontextbezogenen Zugriff auf Wissen unterstützen. Einsatz eines semantischen Integrationskonzepts in der Produktentwicklung erweitert den Wissensbeschaffungsraum des Ingenieurs enorm und ermöglicht die Interoperabilität heterogener Informationssysteme.
Alternative approach to computing transport coefficients: application to conductivity and Hall coefficient of hydrogenated amorphous silicon
Creators: name: Zhang, M. -L.
name: Drabold, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a theoretical framework for computing transport coefficients for complex materials. As a first example, we resolve long-standing inconsistencies between experiment and theory pertaining to the conductivity and Hall mobility for amorphous silicon and show that the Hall sign anomaly is a consequence of localized states. Next, we compute the AC conductivity of amorphous polyanaline. The formalism is applicable to complex materials involving defects and band-tail states originating from static topological disorder and extended states. The method may be readily integrated with current \textit{ab initio} methods.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy on Electron-Boson Interactions in Superconductors
Creators: name: Schackert, Michael Peter
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2014
Subjects: superconductivity
STM
inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy
Eliashberg theory
iron pnictide

description: This thesis describes the experimental study of electron-boson interactions in superconductors by means of inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy performed with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) at temperatures below 1 K. This new approach allows the direct measurement of the Eliashberg function of conventional superconductors as demonstrated on lead (Pb) and niobium (Nb). Preparative experiments on unconventional iron-pnictides are presented in the end.
Orbits of Near-Earth Asteroid Triples 2001 SN263 and 1994 CC: Properties, Origin, and Evolution
Creators: name: Fang, Julia
name: Margot, Jean-Luc
name: Brozovic, Marina
name: Nolan, Michael C.
name: Benner, Lance A. M.
name: Taylor, Patrick A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three-body model fits to Arecibo and Goldstone radar data reveal the nature of two near-Earth asteroid triples. Triple-asteroid system 2001 SN263 is characterized by a primary of ~10^13 kg, an inner satellite ~1% as massive orbiting at ~3 primary radii in ~0.7 days, and an outer satellite ~2.5% as massive orbiting at ~13 primary radii in ~6.2 days. 1994 CC is a smaller system with a primary of mass ~2.6 \times 10^11 kg and two satellites ~2% and ~1% as massive orbiting at distances of ~5.5 and ~19.5 primary radii. Their orbital periods are ~1.2 and ~8.4 days. Examination of resonant arguments shows that the satellites are not currently in a mean-motion resonance. Precession of the apses and nodes are detected in both systems (2001 SN263 inner body: d{\varpi}/dt ~1.1 deg/day, 1994 CC inner body: d{\varpi}/dt ~ -0.2 deg/day), which is in agreement with analytical predictions of the secular evolution due to mutually interacting orbits and primary oblateness. Nonzero mutual inclinations between the orbital planes of the satellites provide the best fits to the data in both systems (2001 SN263: ~14 degrees, 1994 CC: ~16 degrees). Our best-fit orbits are consistent with nearly circular motion, except for 1994 CC's outer satellite which has an eccentric orbit of e ~ 0.19. We examine several processes that can generate the observed eccentricity and inclinations, including the Kozai and evection resonances, past mean-motion resonance crossings, and close encounters with terrestrial planets. In particular, we find that close planetary encounters can easily excite the eccentricities and mutual inclinations of the satellites' orbits to the currently observed values.
description: 17 pages, accepted to Astronomical Journal
Additional file 1 of Comparison of conventional and wide field direct ophthalmoscopy on medical students’ self-confidence for fundus examination: a 1-year follow-up
Creators: name: Ayub, Gabriel
name: Souza, Rafael Boava
name: de Albuquerque, Andrelisa Marina
name: de Vasconcellos, José Paulo Cabral
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Entanglement or separability: The choice of how to factorize the algebra of a density matrix
Creators: name: Thirring, Walter
name: Bertlmann, Reinhold A.
name: Köhler, Philipp
name: Narnhofer, Heide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the concept of how entanglement changes with respect to different factorizations of the total algebra which describes the quantum states. Depending on the considered factorization a quantum state appears either entangled or separable. For pure states we always can switch unitarily between separability and entanglement, however, for mixed states a minimal amount of mixedness is needed. We discuss our general statements in detail for the familiar case of qubits, the GHZ states, Werner states and Gisin states, emphasizing their geometric features. As theorists we use and play with this free choice of factorization, which is naturally fixed for an experimentalist. For theorists it offers an extension of the interpretations and is adequate to generalizations, as we point out in the examples of quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping.
description: 29 pages, 9 figures. Introduction, Conclusion and References have been extended in v2
Replikation von µ-Peptidarrays
Creators: name: Striffler, Jakob
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2014
Subjects: Peptidarrays
Immunoassay
Replikation

description: In der vorliegen Arbeit wurde ein Verfahren erarbeitet und mit Photometrie, XPS und ToF-SIMS charakterisiert, mit dem durch mikropartikelbasierte Verfahren hergestellte µ-Peptidarrays von Syntheseoberflächen abgespalten und auf beliebige Zieloberflächen transferiert werden können.
Genomic selection in a single cross doubled-haploid wheat population
Creators: name: Song, Jiayin (Susan)
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: A traditional wheat breeding program normally takes 7 to 12 years to develop a new cultivar to be eligible for commercial release. Genomic selection (GS), which uses single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker information to predict breeding values, has been proven to be an efficient method to accelerate the lengthy breeding process and increase the resultant gain in many animal and plant species. In this study, two GS algorithms, Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP) and Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) regression, were evaluated using grain yield data generated from a single hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) full-sib doubled-haploid (DH) population in two consecutive generations. In each generation, a total of 257 individuals were genotyped with 14,028 SNP markers using “Genotyping-by-Sequencing” (GBS). Due to the uniformity of genetic material across generations, year effect was considered as an environmental factor or replication for the analysis. Potential upward bias in model’s predictive accuracy was estimated by comparing the within-year cross-validation scheme with the cross-year prediction scheme. The effect of SNP marker number on the models’ predictive ability was also analyzed by creating SNP subsets filtered with absolute pairwise correlation (t) value. In general, RKHS produced higher predictive ability than GBLUP for predicting grain yield in this population. A 32 and 38% decrease in predictive ability was observed for GBLUP and RKHS models, respectively, when comparing within-year cross-validation and cross-year prediction models’ results. A t value of 0.4 could produce a similar predictive ability compared to using the unfiltered full SNP set, providing less computation- and time-consuming strategy. In the context of an ongoing breeding program, this study also demonstrated confidence of line selection based on GS results, advocating the implementation of GS in wheat variety development.
Evaporation of 2-Dimensional Black Holes
Creators: name: Ashtekar, Abhay
name: Pretorius, Frans
name: Ramazanoğlu, Fethi M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of results from a new study of the quantum evaporation of Callan-Giddings-Harvey-Strominger (CGHS) black holes within the mean-field approximation. This semi-classical theory incorporates back reaction. Our analytical and numerical calculations show that, while some of the assumptions underlying the standard evaporation paradigm are borne out, several are not. One of the anticipated properties we confirm is that the semi-classical space-time is asymptotically flat at right future null infinity, $\spr$, yet incomplete in the sense that null observers reach a future Cauchy horizon in finite affine time. Unexpected behavior includes that the Bondi mass traditionally used in the literature can become negative even when the area of the horizon is macroscopic; an improved Bondi mass remains positive until the end of semi-classical evaporation, yet the final value can be arbitrarily large relative to the Planck mass; and the flux of the quantum radiation at $\spr$ is non-thermal even when the horizon area is large compared to the Planck scale. Furthermore, if the black hole is initially macroscopic, the evaporation process exhibits remarkable universal properties. Although the literature on CGHS black holes is quite rich, these features had escaped previous analyses, in part because of lack of required numerical precision, and in part due to misinterpretation of certain properties and symmetries of the model. Finally, our results provide support for the full quantum scenario recently developed by Ashtekar, Taveras and Varadarajan, and also offer a number of interesting problems to the mathematical relativity and geometric analysis communities.
description: Two citations added
Dominance of gauge artifact in the consistency relation for the primordial bispectrum
Creators: name: Tanaka, Takahiro
name: Urakawa, Yuko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conventional cosmological perturbation theory has been performed under the assumption that we know the whole spatial region of the universe with infinite volume. This is, however, not the case in the actual observations because observable portion of the universe is limited. To give a theoretical prediction to the observable fluctuations, gauge-invariant observables should be composed of the information in our local observable universe with finite volume. From this point of view, we reexamine the primordial non-Gaussianity in single field models, focusing on the bispectrum in the squeezed limit. A conventional prediction states that the bispectrum in this limit is related to the power spectrum through the so-called consistency relation. However, it turns out that, if we adopt a genuine gauge invariant variable which is naturally composed purely of the information in our local universe, the leading term for the bispectrum in the squeezed limit predicted by the consistency relation vanishes.
description: 12 pages; v2: accepted version in JCAP
Revisiting superparticle spectra in superconformal flavor models
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Tatsuo
name: Nakai, Yuichiro
name: Takahashi, Ryo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study superparticle spectra in the superconformal flavor scenario with non-universal gaugino masses. The non-universality of gaugino masses can lead to the wino-like or higgsino-like neutralino LSP. Furthermore, it is shown that the parameter space for the higgsino-like LSP includes the region where the fine-tuning problem can be improved. The degeneracy of soft scalar masses squared does not drastically change by taking ratios of gaugino masses of order one. The degeneracy of scalar masses for squarks and left-handed sleptons would be good to avoid the FCNC problem but that of right-handed slepton masses is weak. However, the overall size of right-handed slepton masses become larger when the bino becomes heavier. It is also pointed out that such region can be realized, and thus, that would be favorable to avoid the FCNC problem for soft scalar masses as well as A-terms.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, reference added, minor corrections
ХУШМУОМАЛАЛИК КАТЕГОРИЯСИ МАКСИМАЛЛАРИНИ САЛБИЙ БАҲОЛАНИШИНИНГ ВЕРБАЛИЗАЦИЯСИ
Creators: name: Адамбоева, Нафиса
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ушбу мақола хушмуомалалик категориясини салбий бахоланиши хақида маълумот берилади.
Dreischleifen-Betafunktionen und die Stabilität des Vakuums im Standardmodell
Creators: name: Zoller, Max Frederik
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2014
Subjects: Quantenfeldtheorie
Renormierungsgruppe
Betafunktionen
Higgs-Selbstkopplung
Vakuumstabilität

description: In dieser Arbeit werden Renormierungsgruppenfunktionen im Standardmodell der Elementarteilchenphysik zur Dreischleifenordnung berechnet. Insbesondere die Betafunktion der Higgs-Selbstkopplung ist von Interesse, da sie eng mit der Stabilität des Grundzustandes, auch Vakuum genannt, verknüpft ist. Mit den gefundenen Ergebnissen wird eine Präzisionsanalyse des Vakuumstabilitätsproblems im Standardmodell bis zur Planck-Skala vorgenommen.
Photocatalytic nucleophilic additions to styrene derivatives
Creators: name: Penner, Alexander
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2014
Subjects: photocatalysis
styrenes
DIMAP

description: DIMAP could be identified and characterized as a potent photocatalyst to drive the photoinitiated addition of MeOH to styrene derivatives upon excitation with LEDs. Synthetic application of the DIMAP photocatalyzed reaction could be demonstrated. The underlying mechanism could be elucidated. A peptide containing DIMAP as the chromophore could be synthesized and investigated in detail towards its characteristics and photocatalytic activity.
Cosmology of Einstein-Vlasov system in a weak modification of general relativity
Creators: name: Corda, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In earlier work it was shown that a weak modification of general relativity, in the linearized approach, renders a spherically symmetric and stationary model of the Universe. This was due to the presence of a third mode of polarization in the linearized gravity in which a "curvature energy" term is present. Such term was identified as the Dark Energy of the Universe. In this letter a more realistic model is discussed. A different cosmological solution to the Einstein-Vlasov System is analysed. This solution shows reasonable results which are within the standard bounds predicted by the cosmological observations.
description: 10 pages, definitive version accepted for publication in Modern Physics Letters A
Changes in trophic structure along a gradient of water availability in temperate montane grasslands
Creators: name: Harrower, William Laughton
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Predators and plants are inextricably linked by the flow of energy in ecosystems. However, we still lack good descriptions of how predators affect the diversity, function, and stability of ecosystems under different environmental conditions. If water availability to plants modifies the interactions between predators and plants, and changes in these species interactions lead to a modification of trophic structure, then the direction and strength of trophic cascades must depend on the availability of water to plants. I use the unifying concept of the trophic cascade and an underlying gradient of water availability to investigate how species interactions in a montane grassland influence the diversity and function of these ecosystems. Firstly, I examine the distribution, abundance, and community composition of grassland songbirds. I show that as water becomes more abundant, the number of species increases more slowly than the number of songbird individuals. Second, I manipulate the presence of vertebrate predators along the gradient. I found that changes in the abundance of both songbirds, small mammals and their prey alters feeding behavior and restructures communities. These changes in intraguild predation work in conjunction with the metabolic demands of consumers to determine trophic structure and alter the strength of the trophic cascade in response to water availability. Finally, I show that predators mediate apparent competition between herbivore and detritivore food chains. In the montane grassland I studied, an apparent trophic cascade becomes established as detritus food chains emerge with increasing water availability. I show that the reversal of trophic control typical of ecosystems with allochthonous external subsidies does not occur with autochthonous detritus subsidies in my system. The direction of trophic control in the grazing food chain remains bottom-up, but the detritus food chain is instead controlled by generalist predators. These interactions between predators and plants regulate the diversity of plants and arthropod functional groups, and affect ecosystem functions such as plant biomass production and decomposition. My results show that as water availability to plants increases in semi-arid and temperate grasslands, food webs become shorter, broader, more reticulate, and are more resistant to the effect of species losses and drought.
Finite-size scaling theory for explosive percolation transitions
Creators: name: Cho, Y. S.
name: Kim, S. -W.
name: Noh, J. D.
name: Kahng, B.
name: Kim, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The finite-size scaling (FSS) theory for continuous phase transitions has been useful in determining the critical behavior from the size dependent behaviors of thermodynamic quantities. When the phase transition is discontinuous, however, FSS approach has not been well established yet. Here, we develop a FSS theory for the explosive percolation transition arising in the Erdős and Rényi model under the Achlioptas process. A scaling function is derived based on the observed fact that the derivative of the curve of the order parameter at the critical point $t_c$ diverges with system size in a power-law manner, which is different from the conventional one based on the divergence of the correlation length at $t_c$. We show that the susceptibility is also described in the same scaling form. Numerical simulation data for different system sizes are well collapsed on the respective scaling functions.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Big Data Analytics in Healthcare
Creators: name: John, Jeba Praba
name: Srividhya V
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Big data
Analytics
Healthcare
Prediction system

description: ABSTRACT: A buzzword big data is used to recognize the datasets due to their large size and complexity. It is rapidly expanding in all areas such as science and engineering physical, biological and biomedical sciences. It is the collection of a large volume of structured and unstructured data. The big data is evolution is from business applications, agriculture, healthcare, social media and sensor data and so on. The data in healthcare is increasing quickly and is expected to increase very much in the coming years. Adoption of an evidence-based approach of big data solutions will play a critical role in the outcomes of the healthcare industry and providing patient centric treatment. Big data analytics is expanding area with the potential to provide useful insight into healthcare. With the big data and analytics tools and technologies, the predictive system will be designed to identify the increased risk. This paper describes big data analytics, characteristics, and potential and implementation of big data analytics in healthcare. It ends up with a survey of challenges and future directions in the healthcare sector.
Scale-free networks embedded in fractal space
Creators: name: Yakubo, Kousuke
name: Korosak, Dean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The impact of inhomogeneous arrangement of nodes in space on network organization cannot be neglected in most of real-world scale-free networks. Here, we wish to suggest a model for a geographical network with nodes embedded in a fractal space in which we can tune the network heterogeneity by varying the strength of the spatial embedding. When the nodes in such networks have power-law distributed intrinsic weights, the networks are scale-free with the degree distribution exponent decreasing with increasing fractal dimension if the spatial embedding is strong enough, while the weakly embedded networks are still scale-free but the degree exponent is equal to $γ=2$ regardless of the fractal dimension. We show that this phenomenon is related to the transition from a non-compact to compact phase of the network and that this transition is related to the divergence of the edge length fluctuations. We test our analytically derived predictions on the real-world example of networks describing the soil porous architecture.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Determination of the chiral condensate from QCD Dirac spectrum on the lattice
Creators: name: Fukaya, H.
name: Aoki, S.
name: Chiu, T. W.
name: Hashimoto, S.
name: Kaneko, T.
name: Noaki, J.
name: Onogi, T.
name: Yamada, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the chiral condensate of QCD with 2, 2+1 and 3 flavors of sea quarks. Lattice QCD simulations are performed employing dynamical overlap fermions with up and down quark masses covering a range between 3 and 100 MeV. On L ~ 1.8-1.9 fm lattices at a lattice spacing ~ 0.11 fm, we calculate the eigenvalue spectrum of the overlap-Dirac operator. By matching the lattice data with the analytical prediction from chiral perturbation theory at the next-to-leading order, the chiral condensate in the massless limit of up and down quarks is determined.
description: 38 pages, 11 figures, minor corrections, version appearing in PRD
Semigroup evolution in Wigner Weisskopf pole approximation with Markovian spectral coupling
Creators: name: Shikerman, F.
name: Peer, A.
name: Horwitz, L. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish the relation between the Wigner-Weisskopf theory for the description of an unstable system and the theory of coupling to an environment. According to the Wigner-Weisskopf general approach, even within the pole approximation (neglecting the background contribution) the evolution of a total system subspace is not an exact semigroup for the multi-channel decay, unless the projectors into eigesntates of the reduced evolution generator $W(z)$ are orthogonal. In this case these projectors must be evaluated at different pole locations $z_α\neq z_β$. Since the orthogonality relation does not generally hold at different values of $z$, for example, when there is symmetry breaking, the semigroup evolution is a poor approximation for the multi-channel decay, even for a very weak coupling. Nevertheless, there exists a possibility not only to ensure the orthogonality of the $W(z)$ projectors regardless the number of the poles, but also to simultaneously suppress the effect of the background contribution. This possibility arises when the theory is generalized to take into account interactions with an environment. In this case $W(z)$, and hence its eigenvectors as well, are {\it independent} of $z$, which corresponds to a structure of the coupling to the continuum spectrum associated with the Markovian limit.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Hubble parameter data constraints on dark energy
Creators: name: Chen, Yun
name: Ratra, Bharat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use Hubble parameter versus redshift data from Stern, et al(2010) and Gaztañaga, et al (2009) to place constraints on model parameters of constant and time-evolving dark energy cosmological models. These constraints are consistent with (through not as restrictive as) those derived from supernova Type Ia magnitude-redshift data. However, they are more restrictive than those derived from galaxy cluster angular diameter distance, and comparable with those from gamma-ray burst and lookback time data. A joint analysis of the Hubble parameter data with more restrictive baryon acoustic oscillation peak length scale and supernova Type Ia apparent magnitude data favors a spatially-flat cosmological model currently dominated by a time-independent cosmological constant but does not exclude time-varying dark energy.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in PLB
Message passing algorithms for the Hopfield network reconstruction: threshold behavior and limitation
Creators: name: Huang, Haiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hopfield network is reconstructed as an inverse Ising problem by passing messages. The applied susceptibility propagation algorithm is shown to improve significantly on other mean-field-type methods and extends well into the low temperature region. However, this iterative algorithm is limited by the nature of the supplied data. Its performance deteriorates as the data becomes highly magnetized, and this method finally fails in the presence of the frozen type data where at least two of its magnetizations are equal to one in absolute value. On the other hand, a threshold behavior is observed for the susceptibility propagation algorithm and the transition from good reconstruction to poor one becomes sharper as the network size increases.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, appendixes and references added
Behavior Identification in Markets - using Visualization and Network Analysis
Creators: name: Blume, Hans Michael
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012
Subjects: prediction markets
fraud detection
network analysis
visualization

description: Market manipulation is an open problem in prediction markets. In this work a new method is introduced to identify fraud via analysis of the network structure. Furthermore, an interactive graph visualizations technique for market monitoring is developed. The results show that a low false positive rate is possible to attain, while keeping the number of true positives high. The suggested indicators are fast enough for real-time monitoring on small and medium sized graphs.
Additional file 1 of Identification and biochemical characterisation of Acanthamoeba castellanii cysteine protease 3
Creators: name: Wang, Zhixin
name: Wu, Duo
name: Tachibana, Hiroshi
name: Feng, Meng
name: Cheng, Xun-jia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Additional figures and tables of identification and biochemical characterisation of Acanthamoeba castellanii cysteine proteinase 3. Figure S1. The catalytic site of cathepsin L-family CPs exist in AcCPs. Structural organization of six A. castellanii cysteine proteases. Numbers indicate the number of amino acid residues forming the predomains, prodomains, or catalytic domains. Figure S2. The AcCPs expression levels of trophozoites after AcCP3 gene silencing using qRT-PCR analysis. PYG: normal cultured trophozoites, Ne: negative siRNA transfected trophozoites, and AcCP3 silencing: AcCP3-knockdown trophozoites. The average values are presented with vertical bars representing standard deviations. Figure S3. Location of AcCP3 and AcCP6 nucleic acids in cyst stage of Acanthamoeba using in situ hybridization. Fixed cysts were subjected to FISH with AcCP3 and AcCP6 DNA probes. AcCP3 (green) and AcCP6 (red) were visualized in both submembranous cytoplasm and nucleus of cysts (a and b). DAPI-stained cell nuclei (blue) are shown for orientation. Table S1. Primers used for amplification of A.castellanii genes. Table S2. Primers used for qRT-PCR of A.castellanii genes. Table S3. The information of AcCPs.
Non-Abelian Monopoles in the Higgs Phase
Creators: name: Nitta, Muneto
name: Vinci, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the moduli matrix approach to study the moduli space of 1/4 BPS kinks supported by vortices in the Higgs phase of N = 2 supersymmetric U(N) gauge theories when non-zero masses for the matter hypermultiplets are introduced. We focus on the case of degenerate masses. In these special cases vortices acquire new orientational degrees of freedom, and become "non-Abelian". Kinks acquire new degrees of freedom too, and we will refer to them as "non-Abelian". As already noticed for the Abelian case, non-Abelian kinks must correspond to non-Abelian monopoles of the unbroken phase of SU(N) Yang-Mills. We show, in some special cases, that the moduli spaces of the two objects are in one-to-one correspondence. We argue that the corre- spondence holds in the most general case. The consequence of our result is two-fold. First, it gives an alternative way to construct non-Abelian monopoles, in addition to other well- known techniques (Nahm transform, spectral curves, rational maps). Second, it opens the way to the study of the quantum physics of non- Abelian monopoles, by considering the simpler non-Abelian kinks.
description: 37 pages, no figures; v2: refs. added
title: Thermally Induced Oxygen Vacancies in BiOCl Nanosheets and Their Impact on Photoelectrochemical Performance**
Creators: name: Wu, Xiaofeng
name: Oropeza, Freddy E.
name: Boer, Daan den
name: Kleinschmidt, Peter
name: Hannappel, Thomas
name: Hetterscheid, Dennis G. H.
name: Hensen, Emiel J. M.
name: Hofmann, Jan P.
Publisher: name: Wiley-VCH
Year: 2023

description: Oxygen vacancies (OVs) have been reported to significantly alter the photocatalytic properties of BiOCl nanosheets. However, their formation mechanism and their role in the enhancement of photoelectrochemical performance remain unclear. In this work, thermally induced oxygen vacancies are introduced in BiOCl nanosheets by annealing in He atmosphere at various temperatures and their formation mechanism is investigated by in‐situ diffuse reflectance infrared (DRIFTS) measurements. The influence of OVs on band offset, carrier concentrations and photoelectrochemical performance are systematically studied. The results show that (1) the surface of BiOCl nanosheets is extremely sensitive to temperature and defects are formed at temperatures as low as 200 °C in inert atmosphere. (2) The formation of surface and bulk OVs in BiOCl is identified by a combination of XPS, in‐situ DRIFTS, and EPR experiments. (3) The photocurrent of BiOCl is limited by the concentration of charge carriers and shallow defect states induced by bulk oxygen vacancies, while the modulation of these parameters can effectively increase light absorption and carrier concentration leading to an enhancement of photoelectrochemical performance of BiOCl.
Antimatter production in supernova remnants
Creators: name: Kachelriess, M.
name: Ostapchenko, S.
name: Tomas, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the energy spectra of cosmic rays (CR) and their secondaries produced in a supernova remnant (SNR), taking into account the time-dependence of the SNR shock. We model the trajectories of charged particles as a random walk with a prescribed diffusion coefficient, accelerating the particles at each shock crossing. Secondary production by CRs colliding with gas is included as a Monte Carlo process. We find that SNRs produce less antimatter than suggested previously: The positron/electron ratio and the antiproton/proton ratio are a few percent and few $\times 10^{-5}$, respectively. Moreover, the obtained positron/electron ratio decreases with energy, while the antiproton/proton ratio rises at most by a factor of two above 10 GeV.
description: 8 pages, 8 eps figures; extended version of arXiv:1004.1118; v2: minor corrections, matches published version
Automatic Reconstruction of Textured 3D Models
Creators: name: Pitzer, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012
Subjects: 3D reconstruction
robot mapping
SLAM
texture
geometry

description: The digital recreation of environments is an increasingly important task and there are many application areas where 3D models are required. This thesis addresses the problem of automatic 3D reconstruction and we present a system for unsupervised reconstruction of textured 3D models in the context of modeling indoor environments. The contributions are solutions to all aspects of the modeling process and an integrated system for the automatic creation of large-scale 3D models.
Disparate symmetries in head-to-tail Schiff-base macrocycles
Creators: name: Chen, Zhengyu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Two new Schiff-base macrocycles (called campestarenes) with 5-fold symmetry were prepared with bulky triphenylsilyl and triisopropylsilyl substituents. A single crystal structure of one campestarene showed an almost flat conformation of campestarenes are in their extreme enol-imine form. Tautomerization within the campestarene between the enol-imine and keto-enamine form was investigated by variable-temperature NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy. It was found that the molecule displays strong solvent- and temperature-dependent tautomerization that leads to large changes in color. These results were supported by computational investigations that showed the possibility of tautomerization between keto-enamine form and enol-imine form. The experimental studies showed the relative permittivity of solvents has a large influence on the relative stability of different campestarene tautomers in solution. Some methyl/phenyl substituted campestarene precursors were prepared for macrocyclization of methyl/phenyl substituted campestarenes. Different synthetic conditions were tested to facilitate the formation of campestarens. One phenyl substituted campestarene was synthesized under acid condition. Two new Pt₃ Schiff-base macrocycles with 3-fold symmetry were synthesized following a head-to-tail approach. Computational investigations showed an almost flat conformation of Pt₃ macrocycles. Aggregation of Pt₃ macrocycles in solid state was studied by MALDI-TOF, TEM and PXRD. It was found that Pt₃ macrocycles displays nanotubular structures due to aggregation. Aggregation of Pt₃ macrocycles in solution was investigated by variable-temperature 1D NMR and 2D NMR. The experimental results showed aggregation of Pt3 macrocycles at both high and low temperatures. [An errata to this thesis/dissertation was made available on 2017-03-03.]
Strangeness Production close to Threshold in Proton-Nucleus and Heavy-Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Hartnack, Christoph
name: Oeschler, Helmut
name: Leifels, Yvonne
name: Bratkovskaya, Elena L.
name: Aichelin, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss strangeness production close to threshold in p+A and A+A collision. Comparing the body of available K+, K0, K-, and Lambda data with the IQMD transport code and for some key observables as well with the HSD transport code, we find good agreement for the large majority of the observables. The investigation of the reaction with help of these codes reveals the complicated interaction of the strange particles with hadronic matter which makes strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions very different from that in elementary interactions. We show how different strange particle observables can be used to study the different facets of this interaction (production, rescattering and potential interaction) which finally merge into a comprehensive understanding of these interactions. We identify those observables which allow for studying (almost) exclusively one of these processes to show how future high precision experiments can improve our quantitative understanding. Finally, we discuss how the K+ multiplicity can be used to study the hadronic equation of state.
description: 134 pages, pdf 3.3MB, version to be published in Physics Reports
The Conformal Manifold of Chern-Simons Matter Theories
Creators: name: Bianchi, Marco S.
name: Penati, Silvia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine perturbatively the conformal manifold of N=2 Chern-Simons matter theories with the aim of checking in the three dimensional case the general prescription based on global symmetry breaking, recently introduced. We discuss in details few remarkable cases like the N=6 ABJM theory and its less supersymmetric generalizations with/without flavors. In all cases we find perfect agreement with the predictions of global symmetry breaking prescription.
description: 1+17 pages, 1 figure, references added
Polar Phase of 1D Bosons with Large Spin
Creators: name: Shlyapnikov, G. V.
name: Tsvelik, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spinor ultracold gases in one dimension represent an interesting example of strongly correlated quantum fluids. They have a rich phase diagram and exhibit a variety of quantum phase transitions. We consider a one-dimensional spinor gas of bosons with a large spin $S$. A particular example is the gas of chromium atoms (S=3), where the dipolar collisions efficiently change the magnetization and make the system sensitive to the linear Zeeman effect. We argue that in one dimension the most interesting effects come from the pairing interaction. If this interaction is negative, it gives rise to a (quasi)condensate of singlet bosonic pairs with an algebraic order at zero temperature, and for $(2S+1)\gg 1$ the saddle point approximation leads to physically transparent results. Since in one dimension one needs a finite energy to destroy a pair, the spectrum of spin excitations has a gap. Hence, in the absence of magnetic field there is only one gapless mode corresponding to phase fluctuations of the pair quasicondensate. Once the magnetic field exceeds the gap another condensate emerges, namely the quasicondensate of unpaired bosons with spins aligned along the magnetic field. The spectrum then contains two gapless modes corresponding to the singlet-paired and spin-aligned unpaired bose-condensed particles, respectively. At T=0 the corresponding phase transition is of the commensurate-incommensurate type.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures; references added, conclusions section is modified
Enhancing and suppressing radiation with some permeability-near-zero structures
Creators: name: Jin, Yi
name: He, Sailing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using some special properties of a permeability-near-zero material, the radiation of a line current is greatly enhanced by choosing appropriately the dimension of a dielectric domain in which the source lies and that of a permeability-near-zero shell. The radiation of the source can also be completely suppressed by adding appropriately another dielectric domain or an arbitrary perfect electric conductor (PEC) inside the shell. Enhanced directive radiation is also demonstrated by adding a PEC substrate.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures