cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Coreless planar magnetic winding structures for power converters : track-width-ratio
Creators: name: Cove, Samuel Robert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: With the accelerated growth of slim consumer electronics has come the need to reduce the profile of all electronic components. Planar magnetics provide an excellent solution to this problem, where copper strip conductors and flattened planar magnetic cores allow for the height of the components to be severely decreased compared to traditional wire-wound components. Planar magnetics also provide more repeatable characteristics and easier manufacturability. The major design goals for planar windings are low resistance, predictable inductance, and acceptable capacitance. This work investigates the application of a constant ratio between turn widths, called the Track-Width-Ratio (TWR) as a technique to attain these qualities in planar spiral windings. This work introduces the generalized racetrack planar spiral winding, whose low-frequency analysis can be applied to a variety of common winding shapes while accommodating changing track widths. The accompanying dimensional system provides the specification of the novel winding arrangements, including predicting their inductance and resistance. A design example demonstrates an 18% increase in low-frequency performance. The second part investigates the AC resistance from TWR. The proposed technique provides a correction factor based on the most recent models for ac resistance. A winding technique which combines hollow windings with TWR is proposed to increase the quality factor of planar spiral windings at high frequency operation. A design example highlights a change in efficiency from 70% to 90% within a 5W Wireless Power Transfer system. Finally TWR is employed to reduce planar spiral capacitance. Through an inverse TWR winding structure, a significant decrease in capacitance is observed with a moderate reduction in resistance and inductance. A quasi-analytical approach with finite element analysis is employed to determine the winding capacitance. These windings show a 50% decrease in capacitance and a 20% decrease in resistance compared to traditional windings. All results from this work have been confirmed experimentally and highlight the exceptional flexibility which is provided when the turn widths are included in the design of planar spiral windings.
The path integral for the statistical sum of the microcanonical ensemble in cosmology
Creators: name: Barvinsky, A. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The path integral is calculated for the statistical sum of the microcanonical ensemble in a generic time-parametrization invariant gravitational model with the Friedman-Robertson-Walker (FRW) metric. This represents the first example of a systematic calculation of the Faddeev-Popov gauge-fixed path integral in the minisuperspace sector of quantum cosmology. The gauge fixing procedure, together with gauging out local diffeomorphisms, also handles the residual symmetries associated with the conformal Killing vector of the FRW metric and incorporates the Batalin-Vilkovisky quantization technique for gauge theories with linearly dependent generators. For a subset of saddle-point instantons, characterized by a single oscillation of the FRW scale factor, this technique is designed to obtain the one-loop statistical sum in the recently suggested model of cosmological initial conditions generated by a conformal field theory with a large number of quantum species.
description: LaTex, 22 pages, the discussion of the second zero mode of the dynamical operator is included, references to the path integration method in quantum cosmology are added and typos are corrected
Graph Representation Learning with Deep Recurrent Models
Creators: name: Aynaz Taheri
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Representing and comparing graphs is a central problem in many fields. We propose sequence- to-sequence architectures for graph representation learning in both static and dynamic settings. Our methods use recurrent neural networks to encode and decode information from graph-structured data. In the static setting, we investigate the graph representation learning problem in unsupervised and super- vised regimes. Recurrent neural networks require sequences, so we choose several methods of traversing graphs using different types of substructures with various levels of granularity. We train our unsupervised approaches using long short-term memory (LSTM) encoder-decoder models to embed the graph sequences into a continuous vector space. We then represent a graph by aggregating its graph sequence representations. Our supervised architecture uses the substructure embeddings obtained by our unsupervised encoder-decoder models and an attention mechanism to collect information from neighborhoods. The attention module enriches our model so that it can focus on the neighborhoods that are crucial from the supervised task’s point of view. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approaches by showing improvements over the existing state-of-the-art on several graph classification tasks. Moreover, we propose an unsupervised representation learning architecture for dynamic graphs, designed to learn both the topological and temporal features of the graphs that evolve over time. The approach consists of a sequence-to-sequence encoder-decoder model embedded with gated graph neural networks (GGNNs) and LSTMs. The GGNN is able to learn the topology of the graph at each time step, while LSTMs are leveraged to propagate the temporal information among the time steps. Moreover, an encoder learns the temporal dynamics of an evolving graph and a decoder reconstructs the dynamics over the same period of time using the encoded representation provided by the encoder. We demonstrate that our approach is capable of learning the representation of a dynamic graph through time by applying the embeddings to dynamic graph classification using two real-world datasets of animal behavior and brain networks.
tissue engineering
Creators: name: Tehrani, Sara Soltani
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: tissue engineering ,decellularization

description: Tissue engineering, a multidisciplinary field of principles and application of engineering methods and life sciences for a fundamental understanding of the relationship between structure and function in weaving is normal and sick. TISSUE ENGINEERING ELEMENTS IN SOLID ORGAN CONSTRUCTION 1. Cells: The seed of tissue‐engineered solid organs 2. Terminally differentiated cells 3. Stem or progenitor cells
Emergent Schrodinger geometries from mass-deformed CFT
Creators: name: Kim, Hee-Cheol
name: Kim, Seok
name: Lee, Kimyeong
name: Park, Jaemo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an M-theory solution for the holographic flow of AdS4 times Sasaki-Einstein 7-manifolds with skew-whiffing, perturbed by a mass operator. The infrared solution contains the 5 dimensional Schrodinger geometry after considering the gravity dual of the standard non-relativistic limit of relativistic field theories. The mass deformation of the field theory is discussed in detail for the case with 7 manifold being a round sphere.
description: 20 pages, 1 figure. v2: references added, minor corrections
Helical Optical Metamaterials
Creators: name: Gansel, Justyna Kinga
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Metamaterials
subject: Optics
subject: Nanotechnology
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology
subject: Laserlithography
subject: Electroplating

description: Metamaterials are artificial, structured materials that offer fascinating optical properties. Within this thesis, we have developed a method for fabrication of three-dimensional metallic structures with sub-micrometer feature sizes. It combines direct laser writing (laser lithography) and electrochemical deposition. Thereby, we have realized helical optical metamaterials. They show a strong, broadband circular dichroism (chirality) and can be used as compact broadband circular polarizers.
Portfolio Analysis with Multivariate Normal Tempered Stable Processes and Distributions
Creators: name: Krause, Dirk
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2011
Subjects: multivariate Lévy processes
Brownian subordination
financial econometrics
portfolio optimization
ARMA-GARCH models

description: Using the construction approach of Brownian subordination, the univariate framework of Normal Tempered Stable Lévy processes is extended to an arbitrary number of dimensions. A thorough study of the mathematical properties of the multivariate stochastic process is followed by various applications of its distributions in financial econometrics and portfolio analysis. Moreover, these distributions are employed in ARMA-GARCH models for capturing volatility clustering effects in financial markets.
Dynamical polarization of monolayer graphene in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Pyatkovskiy, P. K.
name: Gusynin, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The one-loop dynamical polarization function of graphene in an external magnetic field is calculated as a function of wavevector and frequency at finite chemical potential, temperature, band gap, and width of Landau levels. The exact analytic result is given in terms of digamma functions and generalized Laguerre polynomials, and has the form of double sum over Landau levels. Various limits (static, clean, etc) are discussed. The Thomas-Fermi inverse length $q_F$ of screening of the Coulomb potential is found to be an oscillating function of a magnetic field and a chemical potential. At zero temperature and scattering rate, it vanishes when the Fermi level lies between the Landau levels.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Fokker-Planck equation for transport of wave packets in nonlinear disordered media
Creators: name: Cherroret, Nicolas
name: Wellens, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from first principles, we formulate a theory of wave packet propagation in a nonlinear, disordered medium of any dimension, through the derivation of a Fokker-Planck transport equation. Our theory is based on a diagrammatic expansion of the wave packet's density, and is supported by a heuristic picture that involves a Boltzmann equation with an effective, external potential. Our approach also confirms results obtained in previous work for two-dimensional, nonlinear disordered media.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Investing in the Future by Encouraging Energy Retrofit Decisions
Creators: name: Boria, Eric Sergio
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Cities with aging building stocks and budgetary challenges often have a high number of buildings in need of energy efficiency upgrades. Inefficient residential buildings have a higher energy consumption and its associated negative, unintended environmental and social consequences. One such social consequence is that higher portions of a resident's income is spent on energy costs. This burden is proportionally higher for low-income residents, which raises the importance of addressing this issue. Energy retrofits can mitigate these consequences, but small municipal budgets and capacity hamper such efforts. The split incentive problem in the multi-family residential sector, where owners incur the costs but tenants primarily benefit from the energy savings, poses additional challenges to energy retrofit efforts. This study employs qualitative interviews to explore how municipalities and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Cleveland, Ohio, Detroit and Grand Rapids, Michigan incorporate strategies that leverage neighbor and network peer influences into their approaches to energy efficiency. These cities all have aging building stocks that are the legacy of a history with greater manufacturing employment. Selected interview findings were used to develop the Neighbor-Influenced Energy Retrofit (NIER) agent-based model to further explore the potential of peer influences within networks and among neighbors to amplify the motivation of multi-family residential building owners to reduce energy consumption through retrofits. The following insights emerge from NIER model: small neighbor peer groups successfully motivate different types of building owners to retrofit when there are also large financial incentives. Large peer groups, including a district approach, can achieve large energy efficiency gains in the population of buildings, but may not motivate all building owner types. The combination of a district approach with an approach of bringing buildings up to code at the point of sale can achieve energy efficiency gains broadly across different types of building owners. Planning and policy recommendations are produced from the insights from the NIER model and the interview findings. These are qualitative recommendations that aim to provide new solutions to the challenges that has hampered energy efficiency efforts among multi-unit residential buildings in the selected cities.
3d virtual histology reveals pathological alterations of cerebellar granule cells in multiple sclerosis
Creators: name: Frost, Jakob
name: Schmitzer, Bernhard
name: Töpperwien, Mareike
name: Eckermann, Marina
name: Franz, Jonas
name: Stadelmann, Christine
name: Salditt, Tim
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2022

description: doi:10.1101/2022.10.07.22280811
description: We investigate structural properties of neurons in the granular layer of human cerebellum with respect to their involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS). To this end we analyze data recorded by X-ray phase contrast tomography from tissue samples collected post mortem from a MS and a healthy control group. Using automated segmentation and histogram analysis based on optimal transport theory (OT) we find that the distributions representing nuclear structure in the granular layer move to a more compact nuclear state, i.e. smaller, denser and more heterogeneous nuclei in MS. We have previously made a similar observation for neurons of the dentate gyrus in Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting that more compact structure of neuronal nuclei which we attributed to increased levels of heterochromatin, may possibly represent a more general phenomenon of cellular senescence associated with neurodegeneration.
Novel Machine Learning Approaches to Examine Surgical Outcomes in Patients with Craniosynostosis
Creators: name: Azoulay-Avinoam, Shayna
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Objective: Craniosynostosis, defined as the premature fusion of cranial sutures, is one of the most common congenital craniofacial defects occurring 1 in 2000 to 2500 live births. Patients with craniosynostosis undergo multiple surgical interventions the earliest of which is in the first few years of life. Surgical interventions include fronto-orbital advancement, open cranial vault remodeling, extended strip craniectomy, spring-assisted cranial expansion, and cranial vault distraction. The objective of this study is to examine a mix of patient and hospital level factors associated with perioperative outcomes. We hypothesize that a mix of patient factors are associated with outcomes. Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample for the years 2012 to 2014 was used for this study. All patients aged up to 3 years who had a surgical repair of craniosynostosis were selected. Neural Network Models using Multilayer Perception was used. The dataset was partitioned into training (70%) and testing (30%) datasets. Automatic architecture selection was used for specifying the number of Hidden Layers in the model. Outcomes examined included development of infectious complications, length of stay in hospital and hospital charges. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to examine the simultaneous effects of patient and hospital level variables on outcomes. Results: During the study period, across the entire United States a total of 8360 hospitalization had a craniosynostosis correction surgical procedure. 65% were males. The overall infectious complication rate was 3.3%. The mean length of stay in hospital was 4.3 days and the total hospitalization charges was $91,795. In the Neural Network model predicting occurrence of infectious complications, 6 hidden layers were used. In terms of normalized importance, co-morbid burden (100%) and Race (81%) were strongest predictors. The Area Under Curve was 0.83. Overall, 96.2% of patients were classified correctly (infections or no infections). For Length of Stay and Hospital Charges models, comorbid burden (100% normalized importance) was the strongest predictor. 11 hidden layers were used in a sensitivity analysis infection model to identify the best mix of co-morbid conditions associated with high risk of developing infections. Neurological disorders, fluid and electrolyte disorders, and hypothyroidism were the strongest predictors. Conclusions: We developed a novel neural network model to accurately classify those who were highly likely to develop infections, have longer length of stay in hospital, and have high hospitalization charges amongst those undergoing craniosynostosis surgical repairs.
Absolute scattering length density profile of liposome bilayers obtained by SAXS combined with GIXOS - a tool to determine model biomembrane structure
Creators: name: Shen, Chen
name: Woelk, Christian
name: Kikhney, Alexey G.
name: Torres, Jaume
name: Surya, Wahyu
name: Harvey, Richard
name: Bello, Gianluca
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2022

description: doi:10.1101/2022.12.13.520277
description: Lipid membranes play an essential role in biology, acting as host matrices for biomolecules like proteins and facilitating their functions. Their structures, and structural responses to physiologically relevant interactions, i.e. with membrane proteins, provide key information for understanding biophysical mechanisms. Hence, there is a crucial need of methods to understand the effects of membrane host molecules on the lipid bilayer structure. Here, we present a purely experimental method for obtaining the absolute scattering length density (SLD) profile and the area per lipid of liposomal bilayers, by aiding the analysis of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data with the volume of bare headgroups obtained from fast (20-120s) grazing incidence off-specular scattering (GIXOS) data from monolayers of the same model membrane lipid composition. The GIXOS data experimentally demonstrate that the variation of the bare headgroup volume upon lipid packing density change is small enough to allow its usage as a reference value without knowing the lipid packing stage in a bilayer. This approach also bares the advantage that the reference volume is obtained at the same aqueous environment as used for the model membrane bilayers. We demonstrate the validity of this method using several typical membrane compositions, as well as one example of a phospholipid membrane with an incorporated transmembrane peptide. This methodology allows to obtain absolute scale values rather than relative scale by using solely X-ray-based instrumentation, retaining a similar resolution of SAXS experiments. The presented method has high potential to understand structural effects of membrane proteins on the biomembrane structure.
Energetic long-lived particles in the CMS muon chambers
Creators: name: Mitridate, Andrea
name: Papucci, Michele
name: Wang, Christina
name: Peña, Cristián
name: Xie, Si
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: particle, long-lived
muon, detector
CMS
showers
shielding
GeV
exceptional
benchmark
ATLAS
iron
background
calorimeter

description: We present a recast in different benchmark models of the recent CMS search that uses the endcap muon detector system to identify displaced showers produced by decays of long-lived particles (LLPs). The exceptional shielding provided by the steel between the stations of the muon system drastically reduces the Standard Model background that limits other existing ATLAS and CMS searches. At the same time, by using the muon system as a sampling calorimeter, the search is sensitive to LLPs energies rather than masses. We show that, thanks to these characteristics, this new search approach is sensitive to LLPs masses even lighter than a GeV, and can be complementary to proposed and existing dedicated LLP experiments.
On the functional determinant of a special operator with a zero mode in cosmology
Creators: name: Barvinsky, A. O.
name: Kamenshchik, A. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The functional determinant of a special second order quantum-mechanical operator is calculated with its zero mode gauged out by the method of the Faddeev-Popov gauge fixing procedure. This operator subject to periodic boundary conditions arises in applications of the early Universe theory and, in particular, determines the one-loop statistical sum in quantum cosmology generated by a conformal field theory (CFT). The calculation is done for a special case of a periodic zero mode of this operator having two roots (nodes) within the period range, which corresponds to the class of cosmological instantons in the CFT driven cosmology with one oscillation of the cosmological scale factor of its Euclidean Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric.
description: LaTex, 15 pages, a new section is added, containing the discussion of a special case of the operator having the second zero mode, typos are corrected
Amide imidic prototropic tautomerization of efavirenz, NBO analysis, hyperpolarizability, polarizability and HOMO–LUMO calculations using density functional theory
Creators: name: Jordaan, Maryam Amra
name: Ebenezer, Oluwakemi
name: Mthiyane, Khethiwe
name: Damoyi, Nkululeko
name: Shapi, Michael
Publisher: name: Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT)
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 30602 Chemical Thermodynamics and Energetics
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Thermodynamics

description: ensity functional theory (DFT) was performed in the gas phase to investigate the tautomerization and transi?tions in efavirenz. The amide and imidic tautomers’ geometrical parameters are performed using B3LYP/6- 31++G** and M06-2X/ cc-pVTZ (-F). The results showed that the amide tautomer is more stable than the imidic tautomer in the gas phase. The non-linear optical (NLO) properties of the amide and imidic tautomers are computed. Interestingly, the amide and imidic forms may be an attractive compound in enhancing NLO con?stituents due to their valuable non-linear property. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses have been performed on the amide and imidic tautomers. The substantial differences in occupancies and the energies of bonding and anti?bonding orbital have been analyzed and described. Notably, thermodynamic (Gibbs free energy, entropy, and enthalpy) properties of proton intra-migration of the tautomers via a single proton shift in the gas phase were predicted. The detailed results revealed that the kinetic and thermodynamic favorability increased from imidic tautomer to amide, hence the pathway to the amide arrangement of efavirenz is a favorable reaction. Besides this, the electrostatic potential surface plots have been used to explore the possible site for electron-withdrawing and donating. The frontier molecular orbital reveals the energy gap and chemical activity of the tautomers.
Constraining beyond the Standard Model nucleon isovector charges
Creators: name: Smail, R. E.
name: Batelaan, M.
name: Horsley, R.
name: Nakamura, Y.
name: Perlt, H.
name: Pleiter, D.
name: Rakow, P. E. L.
name: Schierholz, Gerrit
name: Stüben, H.
name: Young, R. D.
name: Zanotti, J. M.
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: n: electric moment
finite size: effect
interaction: scalar
quark: mass
symmetry breaking: flavor
CP: violation
n: decay
scale: TeV
new physics
isovector
lattice
GeV
nucleon
sensitivity
lattice field theory
effective operator

description: At the TeV scale, low-energy precision observations of neutron characteristics provide unique probes of novel physics. Precision studies of neutron decay observables are susceptible to beyond the Standard Model (BSM) tensor and scalar interactions, while the neutron electric dipole moment, $d_n$, also has high sensitivity to new BSM CP-violating interactions. To fully utilise the potential of future experimental neutron physics programs, matrix elements of appropriate low-energy effective operators within neutron states must be precisely calculated. We present results from the QCDSF/UKQCD/CSSM collaboration for the isovector charges $g_T,~g_A$ and $g_S$ using lattice QCD methods and the Feynman-Hellmann theorem. We use a flavour symmetry breaking method to systematically approach the physical quark mass using ensembles that span five lattice spacings and multiple volumes. We extend this existing flavour breaking expansion to also account for lattice spacing and finite volume effects in order to quantify all systematic uncertainties. Our final estimates of the isovector charges are $g_T~=~1.009(20)_{\text{stat}}(03)_{\text{sys}},~g_A=1.246(69)_{\text{stat}}(05)_{\text{sys}}$ and $g_S~=~1.06(10)_{\text{stat}}(03)_{\text{sys}}$ renormalised, where appropriate, at $\mu=2~\text{GeV}$ in the $\overline{\text{MS}}$ scheme.
On a difference between quantitative weak sequential completeness and the quantitative Schur property
Creators: name: Kalenda, Ondřej F. K.
name: Spurný, Jiří
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46B20, 46B25

description: We study quantitative versions of the Schur property and weak sequential completeness, proceeding thus with investigations started by G. Godefroy, N. Kalton and D. Li and continued by H. Pfitzner and the authors. We show that the Schur property of $\ell_1$ holds quantitatively in the strongest possible way and construct an example of a Banach space which is quantitatively weakly sequentially complete, has the Schur property but fails the quantitative form of the Schur property.
description: 10 pages, the paper was slightly reorganized, some more comments were added
Temporality in the narratives of children with Specific Language Impairment and typically developing children
Creators: name: Driver, Thyra
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Purpose: This study examined the use of linguistic devices to express time— temporality –in the narrative productions of a group of children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) compared to typically developing (TD) peers. Method: Participants formed two age-matched groups of 5- to 8-year-old children (SLI, n = 28; TD, n = 28; M age = 6 years;10 months). Each child produced two narratives from multi-episode wordless picture books that were transcribed and coded for temporal grammatical and lexical markers: past or present tense (e.g., jumps, jumped), simple or progressive aspect (built, was building), aspectual verbs (e.g., start, finish), connectors (e.g., and then, before, while), and other temporal expressions (e.g., later, again, suddenly, quite a while). Results: Children with SLI showed differences in expressing temporality using grammatical markers compared to TD peers. The children with SLI had more tense omissions in obligatory tense marking contexts (e.g., The frog *jump) and more frequent unmotivated tense shifting. As a result, fewer children with SLI used a consistent verb tense throughout their narratives, i.e., an anchor tense. Nonetheless, both groups used the past tense more often than the present tense, and children who had an anchor tense tended to tell their stories in the past. Both groups showed a preference for using simple over progressive aspect. Present progressive forms, which are generally associated with a picture-description mode, were in the minority for both groups. The children with SLI did, however, produce fewer complex progressive forms (e.g., he tries finding) compared to TD peers. Regarding lexical markers of temporality, the groups generally performed similarly in terms of the frequency of use of aspectual verbs, sequential or simultaneous temporal connectors, and other temporal expressions. Conclusion: This study highlights that 5- to 8 year-old children with SLI showed a relative strength in their use of lexical compared to grammatical markers of temporality in narratives they produced from wordless picture books. This study adds to the limited research on temporarily in narratives of children with or without SLI. It has implications for interventionists and educators who use narrative production for assessment and intervention.
supplementary.docx from Vulture culture: dietary specialization of an obligate scavenger
Creators: name: Arrondo, Eneko
name: Sebastián-González, Esther
name: Moleón, Marcos
name: Morales-Reyes, Zebensui
name: María Gil-Sánchez, José
name: Cortés-Avizanda, Ainara
name: Ceballos, Olga
name: Donázar, José Antonio
name: Sánchez-Zapata, José Antonio
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Individual dietary variation has important ecological and evolutionary consequences. However, it has been overlooked in many taxa that are thought to have homogeneous diets. This is the case of vultures, considered merely as ‘carrion eaters’. Given their high degree of sociality, vultures are an excellent model to investigate how inter-individual transmissible behaviours drive individual dietary variation. Here, we combine GPS-tracking and accelerometers with an exhaustive fieldwork campaign to identify the individual diet of 55 griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) from two Spanish populations that partially overlap in their foraging areas. We found that individuals from the more humanized population consumed more anthropic resources (e.g. stabled livestock or rubbish), resulting in more homogeneous diets. By contrast, individuals from the wilder population consumed more wild ungulates, increasing their dietary variability. Between sexes, we found that males consumed anthropic resources more than females did. Interestingly, in the shared foraging area, vultures retained the dietary preference of their original population, highlighting a strong cultural component. Overall, these results expand the role of cultural traits in shaping key behaviours and call for the need of including cultural traits in Optimal Foraging models, especially in those species that strongly rely on social information while foraging.
Bounds in 4D Conformal Field Theories with Global Symmetry
Creators: name: Rattazzi, Riccardo
name: Rychkov, Slava
name: Vichi, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the constraining power of OPE associativity in 4D Conformal Field Theory with a continuous global symmetry group. We give a general analysis of crossing symmetry constraints in the 4-point function , where Phi is a primary scalar operator in a given representation R. These constraints take the form of 'vectorial sum rules' for conformal blocks of operators whose representations appear in R x R and R x Rbar. The coefficients in these sum rules are related to the Fierz transformation matrices for the R x R x Rbar x Rbar invariant tensors. We show that the number of equations is always equal to the number of symmetry channels to be constrained. We also analyze in detail two cases - the fundamental of SO(N) and the fundamental of SU(N). We derive the vectorial sum rules explicitly, and use them to study the dimension of the lowest singlet scalar in the Phi x Phi* OPE. We prove the existence of an upper bound on the dimension of this scalar. The bound depends on the conformal dimension of Phi and approaches 2 in the limit dim(Phi)-->1. For several small groups, we compute the behavior of the bound at dim(Phi)>1. We discuss implications of our bound for the Conformal Technicolor scenario of electroweak symmetry breaking.
description: 30 pages
Three Essays on Higher Education
Creators: name: Khoo, Pauline P
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: In Chapter 1, I investigate whether the presence of peers from the same country of origin affects the success of international doctoral students. I use unique, administrative data on higher education enrollment and leverage variation in peer composition across cohorts within a program. Results indicate that a 10 percentage point increase in the share of peers from the same country of origin decreases the likelihood of persisting to the second year by two percentage points (2.35 percent). These country match effects are not driven by the general effect of international students or by language match effects. In Chapter 2, I evaluate how the Optional Practical Training (OPT) extension for STEM graduates impact enrollment decision of foreign students into STEM fields in the US. Using high-quality administrative data on higher education enrollment in Ohio, I find that the OPT extension increases the likelihood of foreign students’ enrollment in STEM fields. I also examine whether the extension of OPT affected degree completion. Results indicate that there is a higher probability of completion after the extension. These results suggest that the OPT program has the potential to change the skill composition of students in higher education and can also be a solution to the STEM shortage in the labor market. In Chapter 3, we provide the first estimate of the effect of graduating with honors on the earnings of recent college graduates. To help distinguish between the causal effect of honors and unobservables correlated with obtaining honors, we use a regression discontinuity design that exploits the fact that Latin honors such as cum laude are determined based on strict GPA cutoffs. We test for and find no evidence of students manipulating their GPA in order to obtain honors. Honors provides an earnings benefits for the first two years following graduation but this benefit disappears by the third year after graduation. This provides among the first pieces of evidence that firms respond to signals at the higher education level.
Algorithms for Highly Symmetric Linear and Integer Programs
Creators: name: Bödi, Richard
name: Herr, Katrin
name: Joswig, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90C05, 90C10, 20C99

description: This paper deals with exploiting symmetry for solving linear and integer programming problems. Basic properties of linear representations of finite groups can be used to reduce symmetric linear programming to solving linear programs of lower dimension. Combining this approach with knowledge of the geometry of feasible integer solutions yields an algorithm for solving highly symmetric integer linear programs which only takes time which is linear in the number of constraints and quadratic in the dimension.
description: 21 pages, 1 figure; some references and further comments added, title slightly changed
MPEC 2023-H232 : 2009 FZ4 = 2022 TG2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2009 FZ4 = 2022 TG2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Software systems for operation, control, and monitoring of the EBEX instrument
Creators: name: Milligan, Michael
name: Ade, Peter
name: Aubin, François
name: Baccigalupi, Carlo
name: Bao, Chaoyun
name: Borrill, Julian
name: Cantalupo, Christopher
name: Chapman, Daniel
name: Didier, Joy
name: Dobbs, Matt
name: Grainger, Will
name: Hanany, Shaul
name: Hillbrand, Seth
name: Hubmayr, Johannes
name: Jaffe, Andrew
name: Johnson, Bradley
name: Kisner, Theodore
name: Klein, Jeff
name: Korotkov, Andrei
name: Leach, Sam
name: Lee, Adrian
name: Levinson, Lorne
name: Limon, Michele
name: MacDermid, Kevin
name: Matsumura, Tomotake
name: Miller, Amber
name: Pascale, Enzo
name: Polsgrove, Daniel
name: Ponthieu, Nicolas
name: Raach, Kate
name: Reichborn-Kjennerud, Britt
name: Sagiv, Ilan
name: Tran, Huan
name: Tucker, Gregory S.
name: Vinokurov, Yury
name: Yadav, Amit
name: Zaldarriaga, Matias
name: Zilic, Kyle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the hardware and software systems implementing autonomous operation, distributed real-time monitoring, and control for the EBEX instrument. EBEX is a NASA-funded balloon-borne microwave polarimeter designed for a 14 day Antarctic flight that circumnavigates the pole. To meet its science goals the EBEX instrument autonomously executes several tasks in parallel: it collects attitude data and maintains pointing control in order to adhere to an observing schedule; tunes and operates up to 1920 TES bolometers and 120 SQUID amplifiers controlled by as many as 30 embedded computers; coordinates and dispatches jobs across an onboard computer network to manage this detector readout system; logs over 3~GiB/hour of science and housekeeping data to an onboard disk storage array; responds to a variety of commands and exogenous events; and downlinks multiple heterogeneous data streams representing a selected subset of the total logged data. Most of the systems implementing these functions have been tested during a recent engineering flight of the payload, and have proven to meet the target requirements. The EBEX ground segment couples uplink and downlink hardware to a client-server software stack, enabling real-time monitoring and command responsibility to be distributed across the public internet or other standard computer networks. Using the emerging dirfile standard as a uniform intermediate data format, a variety of front end programs provide access to different components and views of the downlinked data products. This distributed architecture was demonstrated operating across multiple widely dispersed sites prior to and during the EBEX engineering flight.
description: 11 pages, to appear in Proceedings of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010; adjusted metadata for arXiv submission
Hard and soft spectral states of ULXs
Creators: name: Soria, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss some differences between the observed spectral states of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) and the canonical scheme of spectral states defined in Galactic black holes. The standard interpretation of ULXs with a curved spectrum, or a moderately steep power-law with soft excess and high-energy downturn, is that they are an extension of the very high state, up to luminosities ~ 1 to 3 L_{Edd}. Two competing models are Comptonization in a warm corona, and slim disk; I suggest bulk motion Comptonization in the radiatively-driven outflow as another possibility. The interpretation of ULXs with a hard power-law spectrum is more problematic. Some of them remain in that state over a large range of luminosities; others switch directly to a curved state without going through a canonical high/soft state. I suggest that those ULXs are in a high/hard state not seen in Galactic black holes; that state may overlap with the low/hard state at lower accretion rates, and extend all the way to Eddington accretion rates. If some black holes can reach Eddington accretion rates without switching to a standard-disk-dominated state, it is also possible that they never quench their steady jets.
description: 6 pages, accepted for publication in the Astronomische Nachrichten, to appear in the proceedings of the conference "Ultra-Luminous X-ray sources and Middle Weight Black Holes" (Madrid, May 24-26, 2010)
Differential effects of the t-type calcium channel antagonist, Z944, on behaviours associated with amphetamine and morphine addiction
Creators: name: Cunningham, Jonathan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Mixed L-/T-type calcium channel antagonists attenuate morphine- and amphetamine induced conditioned place preference (CPP). Subtype specific antagonists for T-type calcium channels attenuate nicotine-reinforced behaviours in rats. This thesis investigated the effects of a novel T-type calcium channel antagonist, Z944, on the acquisition, expression, and reinstatement of amphetamine and morphine CPP. Furthermore, we examined Z944 for aversive or rewarding properties, and determined changes in locomotion with Z944 alone and in conjunction with amphetamine or morphine. CPP was induced with either morphine (5.0 mg/kg, IP) or amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg, IP) and Z944 (vehicle, 5.0, 7.5 mg/kg, IP) was administered 15 min prior to conditioning sessions for CPP acquisition experiments. For CPP expression experiments, Z944 was administered prior to the test session. In a related experiment Z944 was administered 15 min prior to the reinstatement injection of morphine after a period of extinction. Aversive and rewarding properties of Z944 were evaluated using a CPP/CPA procedure. Z944 dose-dependently attenuated the acquisition of morphine CPP, the expression of amphetamine CPP, and drug-induced reinstatement of both amphetamine and morphine CPP. Further, Z944 alone had no inherent rewarding or aversive effects, despite causing a decrease in spontaneous locomotor activity. It was also revealed that Z944 attenuated amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion and potentiated morphine-induced hypolocomotion. These results suggest that T-type calcium channel antagonists differentially attenuate behaviours induced by several classes of drugs of abuse.
Improving critical infrastructure resilience with application to power distribution networks
Creators: name: Alsubaie, Abdullah
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Our modern societies are dependent on the functioning of infrastructure systems that support economic prosperity and quality of life. These infrastructure systems face an increasingly set of threats, natural or man-made disasters, that can cause significant physical, economic, and social disruptions. Recent extreme events have shown that total protection can not be accomplished. Therefore, Critical Infrastructure Protection strategies should focus not only on the prevention of these events but also on the response and recovery following them. This shift is realized by the concept of infrastructure resilience. In this thesis, we address the problem of assessing and improving infrastructure resilience. The contributions of this thesis focus on modelling, simulation, and optimization of infrastructure systems with respect to their resilience to extreme events. We first develop a resilience assessment framework for interdependent infrastructure systems. The developed framework provides a quantitative means to assess infrastructure resilience by introducing a generalized resilience index. To account for the inherent complexity due to infrastructure interdependencies, we use the i2Sim framework for modelling and simulating the studied infrastructure. The resilience improvement problem is formulated using the proposed resilience index as a resources allocation optimization problem. The problem aims at finding the best allocation of available resources such as power and water to mitigate the consequences of a disaster. Two solutions algorithm are proposed to solve the problem: the first one uses a simulation-optimization approach based on the Ordinal Optimization theory, and the second one uses a Linear Programming formulation. Results of both algorithms show that infrastructure resilience can be greatly improved by efficient allocations of available resources. In addition, a prioritization methodology is developed to assess decision makers to direct resilience investment to the most important components in the infrastructure. Finally, an optimal power distribution network reconfiguration algorithm is developed to complement the two resources allocation algorithms by solving the technical feasibility problem of the power distribution network. A heuristic computationally inexpensive optimization algorithm is developed based on Graph theory for solving this problem. The proposed algorithms are tested using different test cases and promising results are achieved.
Becoming: Adult Learners’ Identity Work Toward Successful Learners of Mathematics
Creators: name: Bragelman, John
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This dissertation is a multi-case, life-story analysis of five adult learners’ experiences of success in the context of mathematics remediation in a large, urban community college. Prior research has shown that only a small percentage of learners experience formal success in remediation. To better understand how these learners experience formal success, I examine identity formation and identity work. Identity formation directs the analysis to how learners come to see themselves as doers of mathematics and how they negotiate identity ascriptions. I examine one aspect of these negotiations as identity work, defined as the narrative and behavioral effort invoked to actualize identities. Multiple forms of data inform this study, including mathematics artifacts as well as semi-structured interviews conducted at two time points. A cross-case analysis of the data revealed two explicit school-level narratives about remediation that participants worked to overcome: mathematics remediation as an institutionally-designated pathway for access and mathematics remediation as a deficit framing of students’ mathematics competencies and identities. A within-case analysis reveals how different participants navigated these narratives.