cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Charge asymmetry and radiative phi decays
Creators: name: Czyz, H.
name: Grzelinska, A.
name: Kuhn, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of radiative phi decays into scalar mesons, with subsequent decay into pi pi gamma, constitutes an important topic at the electron-positron collider DAPHNE. The interference of the respective amplitude with the one for pi+ pi- gamma production, where the photon originates from initial state radiation, will allow for unambiguous tests of models for the phi -> gamma f0(-> pi pi) amplitude. The forward-backward asymmetry of charged pions, which is a clear signal of such an interference, amounts up to 30 % and is at the same time quite sensitive to the details of the various amplitudes. The results for several characteristic cases are presented and their implementation into the Monte Carlo generator PHOKHARA is described.
LA POBLACIÓN MUNDIAL Y LOS MEDIOS DE SUBSISTENCIA: UNA NUEVA ENCRUCIJADA A PROPÓSITO DE LOS CAMBIOS GLOBALES MEDIOAMBIENTALES.
Creators: name: Rodriguez, Armando Jesus De La Colina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 50101 Ecological Impacts of Climate Change
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: La humanidad se encuentra hoy en una nueva encrucijada en la cual involucra las mismas variables que desde 1789 plantearon Malthus en su obra: Ensayo sobre el Principio de Población, que más tarde en la década del 60 profundamente debatidas y críticas por otros científicos, entre los que destacaron M. Cepede, F.Houtert y L. Grond que publicaron en 1967 el libro: La población mundial y los medios de subsistencia (Cépede et al, 1967), que según Francois Perroux constituye un instrumento de trabajo irremplazable, que ordena en forma accesible a todos un enorme volumen de datos, cifras y reflexiones concernientes a la relación entre las subsistencias y la población del mundo sin embargo, a la luz de los acontecimientos actuales amerita incorporar a las anterioresreflexiones realizadas una nueva variable: la situación medio ambiental. No es un capricho académico la toma de conciencia acerca del desequilibrio amenazador existente entre el crecimiento de la población, los medios de subsistencia y la degradación y el deterioro del medio ambiente, es en realidad una tema insoslayable: la Humanidad se encuentra amenazada, su propia imprevisión ha desencadenado la venganza de la madre natura,los Cambios Globales Medioambientales. No es intención presentar un panorama pesimista, sino llamar la atención de los geógrafos, en particular los del Tercer Mundo, de la peligrosa unipolaridad actual en el manejo y difusión de la información y sugerirles el estudio crítico acerca de un temaque si bien ha sido debatido en el escenario mundial, hoy adquiere para el SUR, que se encuentra sumido en los avatares de la deuda, la pobreza, la desnutrición, la explosión demográfica y la sobreurbanización, un significado especial.Se exponen algunas ideas con la intención primera de aprender nosotros mismos y de concluir que es necesario todavía investigar para conocer los antecedentes y problemas actuales de las dimensiones humanas de esta nueva encrucijada
Can Niche Agriculturalists Take Notes from the Craft Beer Industry?
Creators: name: Woolverton, Andrea E.
name: Parcell, Joseph L.
name: Woolverton, Andrea E.
name: Parcell, Joseph L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This industry-level case study focuses on the growth cycles of craft brewing, a niche industry. The research case is defined as the craft beer industry evolution including the surrounding institutional and consumer environments. The research goal is to provide insight for niche agriculturalists by examining the case of the successful niche craft beer industry. First, the environment surrounding craft beer reemergence is analyzed. We examine the current state of the craft beer industry with a focus on competitive and logistical forces. We then highlight critical success factors of the craft beer industry and suggests how these factors can be applied to niche agriculture. Conclusions regarding the craft beer industry are drawn from both published documents and craft beer industry discussions. The primary craft beer industry “success” factors deemed transferable to niche agriculture include: 1) indentifying a consumer-driven niche opportunity; 2) engaging in marketing strategies leveraging consumer “hobby consumption” within the niche; 3) leveraging established industry logistics; and 4) participating in unified advocacy regarding both marketing and regulatory lobbies.
Stabilizer extent is not multiplicative
Creators: name: Heimendahl, Arne
name: Montealegre-Mora, Felipe
name: Vallentin, Frank
name: Gross, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Gottesman-Knill theorem states that a Clifford circuit acting on stabilizer states can be simulated efficiently on a classical computer. Recently, this result has been generalized to cover inputs that are close to a coherent superposition of logarithmically many stabilizer states. The runtime of the classical simulation is governed by the stabilizer extent, which roughly measures how many stabilizer states are needed to approximate the state. An important open problem is to decide whether the extent is multiplicative under tensor products. An affirmative answer would yield an efficient algorithm for computing the extent of product inputs, while a negative result implies the existence of more efficient classical algorithms for simulating largescale quantum circuits. Here, we answer this question in the negative. Our result follows from very general properties of the set of stabilizer states, such as having a size that scales subexponentially in the dimension, and can thus be readily adapted to similar constructions for other resource theories.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure
Dilepton production from hot hadronic matter in nonequilibrium
Creators: name: Schenke, B.
name: Greiner, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of time dependent medium modifications of low mass vector mesons on dilepton yields is investigated within a nonequilibrium quantum field theoretical description on the basis of the Kadanoff-Baym equations. Time scales for the adaption of the spectral properties to changing self energies are given and, under use of a model for the fireball evolution, nonequilibrium dilepton yields from the decay of rho- and omega-mesons are calculated. In a comparison of these yields with those from calculations that assume instantaneous (Markovian) adaption to the changing medium, quantum mechanical memory effects turn out to be important.
description: 25 pages, 20 figures, accepted version for publication in Phys.Rev.C
Gravitational wave signals of dark matter freeze-out
Creators: name: Marfatia, Danny
name: Tseng, Po-Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stochastic background of gravitational waves which accompany the sudden freeze-out of dark matter triggered by a cosmological first order phase transition that endows dark matter with mass. We consider models that produce the measured dark matter relic abundance via (1) bubble filtering, and (2) inflation and reheating, and show that gravitational waves from these mechanisms are detectable at future interferometers.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. Version to appear in JHEP
Estimating Price Premiums for Breads Marketed as “Low-Carbohydrate Breads”
Creators: name: Nganje, William E.
name: Kaitibie, Simeon
name: Wachenheim, Cheryl J.
name: Acquah, Emmanuel T.
name: Matson, Joel
name: Johnson, Grant
name: Nganje, William E.
name: Kaitibie, Simeon
name: Wachenheim, Cheryl J.
name: Acquah, Emmanuel T.
name: Matson, Joel
name: Johnson, Grant
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Retail data are used in a hedonic pricing framework to estimate the premium paid for the “low-carbohydrate” attribute and other attributes of bread at grocery and non-grocery stores in a regional market. Results show that consumer willingness to pay is influenced by the “low-carbohydrate” attribute as well as by sugar, fiber, and fat content; serving size; and size of loaf. Implicit price premiums vary significantly by retail location. However, price differentials may be compounded by the absence of an acceptable definition for low-carbohydrate foods.
Shortest paths on uncertain terrains
Creators: name: Gray, Chris
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In this dissertation, we introduce the concept of uncertain terrains first suggested by Jorg Sack. We then examine the problem of finding the shortest path that stays on these terrains given certain assumptions about the terrains. We show that this problem is NP-hard under two fairly natural assumptions (meaning that we do not expect any polynomial time algorithm that finds these paths to be discovered).
Corings over rings with local units
Creators: name: Kaoutit, L. El
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16W30, 13B02

description: We show that the category of corings over a fixed base ring with local units is equivalent to the category of comonads in (right) unital modules whose underlying functors preserve inductive limits. Changing base rings, we prove a bi-equivalence of bicategories. A base ring extension of corings by adjunctions is also introduced.
Can weight sharing outperform random architecture search? An investigation with TuNAS
Creators: name: Bender, Gabriel
name: Liu, Hanxiao
name: Chen, Bo
name: Chu, Grace
name: Cheng, Shuyang
name: Kindermans, Pieter-Jan
name: Le, Quoc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.10

description: Efficient Neural Architecture Search methods based on weight sharing have shown good promise in democratizing Neural Architecture Search for computer vision models. There is, however, an ongoing debate whether these efficient methods are significantly better than random search. Here we perform a thorough comparison between efficient and random search methods on a family of progressively larger and more challenging search spaces for image classification and detection on ImageNet and COCO. While the efficacies of both methods are problem-dependent, our experiments demonstrate that there are large, realistic tasks where efficient search methods can provide substantial gains over random search. In addition, we propose and evaluate techniques which improve the quality of searched architectures and reduce the need for manual hyper-parameter tuning. Source code and experiment data are available at https://github.com/google-research/google-research/tree/master/tunas
description: Published at CVPR 2020
Evidence for muon neutrino oscillation in an accelerator-based experiment
Creators: name: K2K Collaboration
name: Aliu, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results for muon neutrino oscillation in the KEK to Kamioka (K2K) long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. K2K uses an accelerator-produced muon neutrino beam with a mean energy of 1.3 GeV directed at the Super-Kamiokande detector. We observed the energy dependent disappearance of muon neutrino, which we presume have oscillated to tau neutrino. The probability that we would observe these results if there is no neutrino oscillation is 0.0050% (4.0 sigma).
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Quality Differences and Risk Shifting Associated with Alternative Marketing Arrangements in the Swine Industry
Creators: name: Vukina, Tomislav
name: Vukina, Tomislav
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We analyze quality differences in market hogs across alternative procurement methods. The test results show that alternative marketing (procurement) channels generate hogs of statistically different quality. However, the quality ordering of alternative marketing arrangements is not unique, but varies across quality attributes, and the quality differences do not appear to be economically significant. We examine the relationship between alternative procurement methods for live hogs and the quality of the resulting pork products. The correlation coefficient between the non-spot market purchases of live hogs and the Hicks’ composite quality index for pork products is positive and significant, but the magnitude of that effect is small. Finally, we show that different types of marketing arrangements exhibit different price volatilities, subjecting the producers selling their hogs through these channels to different levels of risk.
Particle size distributions and hygroscopic restructuring of ultrafine particles emitted during thermal spraying
Creators: name: A. Salmatonidis
name: M. Viana
name: G. Biskos
name: S. Bezantakos
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We report measurements of the size, concentration, and hygroscopicity of ultrafine particles (UFPs) emitted during thermal spraying of ceramic coatings in an industrial setting. High concentrations (i.e., higher than 106 cm−3) of fractal-like UFPs were measured inside the spraying booths of the facility. The emitted UFPs were found to take up small amounts of water when exposed to elevated relative humidity (RH =87%) within a Hygroscopic Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (HTDMA) system. The hygroscopicity of the sampled particles was distinguishably lower compared to those of the atmospheric background aerosol particles present in the breathing air. UFPs smaller than 90 nm that are produced by the thermal spraying process, exhibit hygroscopic factors less than unity in a systematic way. This behaviour indicates that the particles were irregularly shaped at dry conditions, and that they underwent a shape change (i.e., restructuring) upon humidification inside the HTDMA. The fractal-like structure of process-emitted UFPs was further corroborated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) conducted on samples collected on site at dry conditions.
Synchronization framework for modeling transition to thermoacoustic instability in laminar combustors
Creators: name: Weng, Yue
name: Unni, Vishnu R.
name: Sujith, R. I.
name: Saha, Abhishek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We, herein, present a new model based on the framework of synchronization to describe a thermoacoustic system and capture the multiple bifurcations that such a system undergoes. Instead of applying flame describing function to depict the unsteady heat release rate as the flame's response to acoustic perturbation, the new model considers the acoustic field and the unsteady heat release rate as a pair of nonlinearly coupled damped oscillators. By varying the coupling strength, multiple dynamical behaviors, including limit cycle oscillation, quasi-periodic oscillation, strange nonchaos, and chaos can be captured. Furthermore, the model was able to qualitatively replicate the different behaviors of a laminar thermoacoustic system observed in experiments by Kabiraj et al.~[Chaos 22, 023129 (2012)]. By analyzing the temporal variation of the phase difference between heat release rate oscillations and pressure oscillations under different dynamical states, we show that the characteristics of the dynamical states depend on the nature of synchronization between the two signals, which is consistent with previous experimental findings.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
The Connection between Ultraviolet and X-ray Outflows in AGN: the case of PDS 456
Creators: name: O'Brien, Paul T.
name: Reeves, James N.
name: Simpson, Chris
name: Ward, Martin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-velocity outflows from AGN are a well-known phenomena in terms of the Broad Absorption Lines seen in the UV/optical. More recently, similar, possibly related, outflows have been reported in the X-ray. The most extreme example is seen in the nearby, luminous QSO PDS 456, which displays a massive, high velocity (50000 km s-1), high-ionization X-ray outflow of 10 solar masses yr-1. Here we present the UV spectrum of PDS 456 as observed by the Hubble Space Telescope. We find the UV spectrum is also extreme, displaying very broad emission-lines, with CIV 1549 blueshifted by 5000 km s-1 and a broad Ly-alpha absorption trough blueshifted by 14000-24000 km s-1. No strong, broad high-ionization absorption features are seen. We interpret the combined UV and X-ray spectrum of PDS 456 as the signature of a decelerating, cooling outflow, which may be driven by radiation and/or magnetic field. This outflow may be the source of some of the broad emission and absorption-line gas.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 6 pages. 6 figures
Existence and Hölder regularity of infinitely many solutions to a $p$-Kirchhoff type problem involving a singular nonlinearity without the Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz (AR) condition
Creators: name: Choudhuri, Debajyoti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J35, 35J60

description: We carry out an investigation of the existence of infinitely many solutions to a fractional $p$-Kirchhoff type problem with a singularity and a superlinear nonlinearity with a homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition. Further the solution(s) will be proved to be bounded and a weak comparison principle has also been proved. A {\it `$C^1$ versus $W_0^{s,p}$'} analysis has also been discussed.
AWM 4 - an isothermal cluster observed with XMM-Newton
Creators: name: O'Sullivan, E.
name: Vrtilek, J. M.
name: Kempner, J. C.
name: David, L. P.
name: Houck, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present analysis of an XMM observation of the poor cluster AWM 4. The cluster is relaxed and its X-ray halo is regular with no apparent substructure. Azimuthally averaged radial spectral profiles suggest that the cluster is isothermal to a radius of at least 160 kpc, with no evidence of a central cooling region. Spectral mapping shows some significant temperature and abundance substructure, but no evidence of strong cooling in the cluster core. Abundance increases in the core, but not to the extent expected, and we find some indication of gas mixing. Modeling the three dimensional properties of the system, we show that ongoing heating by an AGN in the dominant elliptical, NGC 6051, is likely to be responsible for the lack of cooling. We also compare AWM 4 to MKW 4, a cluster of similar mass observed recently with XMM. While the two systems have similar gravitational mass profiles, MKW 4 has a cool core and somewhat steeper gas density profile, which leads to a lower core entropy. AWM 4 has a considerably larger gas fraction at 0.1 R200, and we show that these differences result from the difference in mass between the two dominant galaxies and the activity cycles of their AGN. We estimate the energy required to raise the temperature profile of MKW 4 to match that of AWM 4 to be 9x10^58 erg, or 3x10^43 erg/s for 100 Myr, comparable to the likely power output of the AGN in AWM 4.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 18 pages, 1 colour and 11 b&w postscript figures, corrected author affiliation
Erinevused reieluu proksimaalse osa murru järelravi praktikas ja kaasuv dementsus halvendavad taastusravi kättesaadavust
Creators: name: Prommik, Pärt
name: Kolk, Helgi
name: Maiväli, Ülo
name: Pääsuke, Mati
name: Märtson, Aare
Publisher: name: Eesti Arst
Year: 2021

description: Eesti Arst 2021; 100(2):118
description: Eesti Arst, 2021: Veebruar
Electronic structure and bond competition in the polar magnet PbVO$_3$
Creators: name: Singh, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Density functional electronic structure studies of tetragonal PbVO$_3$ are reported. The results show a an important role for both Pb 6$p$ - O 2$p$ and V $d$ - O $p$ bonding, with an interplay between these. This is discussed in relation to the possibility of obtaining magnetoelectric behavior.
description: 5 pages
Hospitalization dynamics during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave: SIR modelling compared to Belgium, France, Italy, Switzerland and New York City data
Creators: name: Kozyreff, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the classical Susceptible-Infected-Recovered epidemiological model, an analytical formula is derived for the number of beds occupied by Covid-19 patients. The analytical curve is fitted to data in Belgium, France, New York City and Switzerland, with a correlation coefficient exceeding 98.8%, suggesting that finer models are unnecessary with such macroscopic data. The fitting is used to extract estimates of the doubling time in the ascending phase of the epidemic, the mean recovery time and, for those who require medical intervention, the mean hospitalization time. Large variations can be observed among different outbreaks.
The Effect of Entry by Wal-Mart Supercenters on Retail Grocery Concentration
Creators: name: Martens, Bobby J.
name: Martens, Bobby J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Agribusiness
Industrial Organization

description: The U.S. retail grocery industry shifted from an industry dominated by small grocers serving local markets to one characterized by large retailers present in international markets. Average retail grocery concentration as measured by CR4 increased from 19.9 in 1997 to 31.0 in 2002 (U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 2000; 2005). Wal-Mart’s tremendous growth is the catalyst to this change, but little is known about Wal-Mart’s effect on market concentration. This analysis evaluates the effects of de novo entry by Wal-Mart Supercenters on retail grocery concentration. The effect of Wal-Mart Supercenters on changes in retail grocery concentration is estimated using econometric modeling. The results show that existing Wal-Mart Supercenter operations and entry by Wal-Mart Supercenters significantly increase the rate of change in retail grocery concentration.
Logistic Barriers to U.S.–Mexico Grain and Soybean Trade
Creators: name: Salin, Delmy L.
name: Somwaru, Agapi
name: Reilly, Byron E.
name: Salin, Delmy L.
name: Somwaru, Agapi
name: Reilly, Byron E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Fourteen years after the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), border-crossing restrictions still remain with Mexico. Although studies have analyzed the impact of NAFTA trade liberalization, there has only been limited research on effects of informal trade barriers on U.S.–Mexico grain and soybean flows. This paper quantitatively measures the impact of logistic barriers impeding U.S.–Mexico grain and soybean trade. A conditional model testing for the presence of asymmetries in grain trade suggests that logistic barriers and transshipments are correlated. Econometric analysis rejects the null hypo
Calibration of projection-based reduced-order models for unsteady compressible flows
Creators: name: Zucatti, Victor
name: Wolf, William R.
name: Bergmann, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analysis of calibration for reduced-order models (ROMs) is presented in this work. The Galerkin and least-squares Petrov-Galerkin (LSPG) methods are tested on compressible flows involving a disparity of temporal scales. A novel calibration strategy is proposed for the LSPG method and two test cases are analyzed. The first consists of a subsonic airfoil flow where boundary layer instabilities are responsible for trailing-edge noise generation and the second comprises a supersonic airfoil flow with a transient period where a detached shock wave propagates upstream at the same time that shock-vortex interaction occurs at the trailing edge. Results show that calibration produces stable and long-time accurate for both cases. In order to reduce the computational costs of the LSPG models, an accelerated greedy missing point estimation (MPE) algorithm is employed for hyper-reduction. For the first case investigated, LSPG solutions obtained with hyper-reduction show good comparison with those obtained by the full order model. However, for the supersonic case the transient features of the flow need to be properly captured by the sampled points. Otherwise, the dynamics of the moving shock wave are not fully recovered. The impact of different time-marching schemes is also assessed and, differently than reported in literature, Galerkin models are shown to be more accurate than those computed by LSPG when the non-conservative form of the Navier-Stokes equations are solved. For the supersonic case, the Galerkin and LSPG models (without hyper-reduction) capture the overall dynamics of the detached and oblique shock waves along the airfoil. However, when shock-vortex interaction occurs at the trailing-edge, the Galerkin ROM is able to capture the high-frequency fluctuations from vortex shedding while the LSPG presents a more dissipative solution, not being able to recover the flow dynamics.
Gilles de la Tourette’i sündroomi perekondlik haigusjuht
Creators: name: Kolk, Anneli
name: Leis, Kristin
name: Laan, Maris
name: Parmas, Kadri-Ann
Publisher: name: Eesti Arst
Year: 2021

description: Artiklis kirjeldatud haigusjuht täiendab Gilles de la Tourette’i sündroomi tänapäevase käsitluse ja probleemide ülevaadet, mis on avaldatud Eesti Arsti käesolevas numbris. Eesti haigusjuhu kirjelduse näitel on ühe võimaliku etioloogilise tegurina toodud välja perekondlik eelsoodumus ning rõhutatud sündroomi sagedast aladiagnoosimist ja puudulikku ravi. Kirjeldatud on 17 aasta vanuse Eesti naispatsiendi haigusjuhtu.
description: Eesti Arst, 2021: Veebruar
Analytic doubly periodic wave patterns for the integrable discrete nonlinear Schroedinger (Ablowitz-Ladik) model
Creators: name: Chow, K. W.
name: Conte, Robert
name: Xu, Neil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive two new solutions in terms of elliptic functions, one for the dark and one for the bright soliton regime, for the semi-discrete cubic nonlinear Schroedinger equation of Ablowitz and Ladik. When considered in the complex plane, these two solutions are identical. In the continuum limit, they reduce to known elliptic function solutions. In the long wave limit, the dark one reduces to the collision of two discrete dark solitons, and the bright one to a discrete breather.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures. To appear, Physics Letters A
Mandarin Market Segments Based on Consumer Sensory Evaluations
Creators: name: Campbell, Benjamin L.
name: Nelson, Robert G.
name: Ebel, Robert C.
name: Dozier, William A.
name: Campbell, Julie H.
name: Woods, Floyd M.
name: Campbell, Benjamin L.
name: Nelson, Robert G.
name: Ebel, Robert C.
name: Dozier, William A.
name: Campbell, Julie H.
name: Woods, Floyd M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Ninety-five consumers in seven grocery stores tasted unidentified peeled sections of three mandarins (a tangerine, a satsuma, and a clementine), and provided demographic and purchase information. Forty-four percent of the respondents preferred tangerines, 34 percent satsumas, and 22 percent clementines. The probability of preferring each of type of mandarin was estimated from internal quality analysis of paired samples, as well as from demographic and purchase responses. Model simulations were used to recommend harvest standards for satsumas based on Brix-to-acid ratios.
Accelerating linear solvers for Stokes problems with C++ metaprogramming
Creators: name: Demidov, Denis
name: Mu, Lin
name: Wang, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35-04, 65-04, 65Y05, 65Y10, 65Y15, 97N80

description: The efficient solution of large sparse saddle point systems is very important in computational fluid mechanics. The discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods have become increasingly popular for incompressible flow problems but their application is limited due to high computational cost. We describe the C++ programming techniques that may help to accelerate linear solvers for such problems. The approach is based on the policy-based design pattern and partial template specialization, and is implemented in the open source AMGCL library. The efficiency is demonstrated with the example of accelerating an iterative solver of a discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for the Stokes problem. The implementation allows selecting algorithmic components of the solver by adjusting template parameters without any changes to the codebase. It is possible to switch the system matrix to use small statically sized blocks to store the nonzero values, or use a mixed precision solution, which results in up to 4 times speedup, and reduces the memory footprint of the algorithm by about 40\%. We evaluate both monolithic and composite preconditioning strategies for the 3 benchmark problems. The performance of the proposed solution is compared with a multithreaded direct Pardiso solver and a parallel iterative PETSc solver.
Consumer Preferences for Locally Produced Strawberries
Creators: name: Hinson, Roger A.
name: Bruchhaus, Michael N.
name: Hinson, Roger A.
name: Bruchhaus, Michael N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Consumers were surveyed to understand preference in an effort to stabilize acreage and market share in a minor strawberry production area. Preferred attributes were identified using conjoint analysis. Local product was highest in overall relative importance, followed by price, pesticide strategy, and container. Cluster analysis identified groups with similar demographics. For two groups, local product was 77 percent and 67 percent of relative importance; for another group, price was about 75 percent of importance; while the final group was balanced across three attributes. Alignment with consumer preferences and with strategies of local retailers and wholesalers lead to suggested tactics to support local product.
Gilles de la Tourette’i sündroom – jätkuvalt mõistatuslik häire
Creators: name: Parmas, Kadri-Ann
Publisher: name: Eesti Arst
Year: 2021

description: Gilles de la Tourette’i sündroom (TS) on lapsepõlves algav krooniline neuroloogiline häire, mille tunnuseks on erinevaid lihaserühmi haaravad motoorsed tikid ja ühe või rohkema vokaalse tiki samaaegne esinemine. TSi seostatakse nii geneetiliste, autoimmuunsete kui ka pre- ja perinataalsete probleemidega, mis panevad aluse TSi fenotüüpide heterogeensusele. Peamisteks põhjusteks peetakse muutusi basaalganglionide funktsioonis, kortiko-striato-talamo-kortikaalsetes juhteteedes ja neurokeemilistes komponentides. TSi levimus on kooliealiste hulgas 0,3–0,8% ning ligikaudu 90%-l patsientidest võib kaasneda aktiivsus- ja tähelepanuhäire või obsessiiv-kompulsiivne häire. Diagnoosimiseks on vaja täpsustada anamneesi ja kirjeldada kliinilist leidu. Ravimisel kasutatakse ravimeid, kognitiiv-käitumisravi ning harvadel juhtudel võib vajalik olla ka neurokirurgiline sekkumine. Artiklis on antud ülevaade praegustest teadmistest Gilles de la Tourette’i sündroomi kohta ja sellest, mis vajab veel edasist uurimist.
description: Eesti Arst, 2021: Veebruar
Stationary Gaussian Entanglement between Levitated Nanoparticles
Creators: name: Chauhan, Anil Kumar
name: Černotík, Ondřej
name: Filip, Radim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent scattering of photons is a novel mechanism of optomechanical coupling for optically levitated nanoparticles promising strong, versatile interactions with light and between nanoparticles. We show that it allows efficient deterministic generation of Gaussian entanglement between two particles in separate tweezers. A combination of red- and blue-detuned tweezers brings a mechanical Bogoliubov mode to its ground state. An additional, dispersively coupled cavity mode can reduce noise in the orthogonal mode, resulting in strong entanglement as quantified by the logarithmic negativity and verifiable with the Duan criterion for realistic experimental parameters. Such an important resource for quantum sensing and quantum simulations is pivotal for current experiments and presents an important step towards optomechanics with multiple particles in the quantum regime.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Anti-vaccine videos on YouTube ™: analysis for intervention against «fake news». Sample 10 YouTube videos
Creators: name: García-Oliva, Alicia
name: Armayones, Dr. Manuel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80703 Human Information Behaviour
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 170113 Social and Community Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 200199 Communication and Media Studies not elsewhere classified

description: This material is part of a research focused on unveiling persuasive traits in antivaccine videos.This set includes the videos used in the sample of the research, and the transcriptions as well. 8 of these videos have been removed from YouTube, however they are avaible in this set, just for research purposes. During their speeches the spokers tell some bizarre stories, you can find this stories after the transcriptions.
Here you have the abstract of the research:
Objective: Vaccine hesitancy is a global challenge for infectious diseases. Youtube™ videos are an inexhaustible source of misinformation on vaccination and health. We pursue to unveil how anti-vaccine leaders use “fake news» and narrative in YouTube ™ videos to understand how they persuade the audience not to vaccinate. Methodology: We performed a content analysis with ten pre-covid anti-vaccine videos on YouTube ™. For sample selection, we previously surfed Google Trends to find the most used vaccine terms. We chose the videos that appeared most frequently. We conducted an iterative content analysis until we reached the point where no new relationships emerged from the data. Results: After carrying out the content analysis, the categories we identified are the following: "misrepresentation of scientific evidence", "industry governs with the support of the State", "lack of scientific consensus on vaccination", "unreliability of science "," vaccines as a business ","naive parents "," the state obliges the use of vaccines "," infection does not exist "," persecuted movement." Conclusions: In this research, we have identified six persuasive elements in the content of anti-vaccine leaders' speeches, as well as a high emotional burden. This allows us to identify common anti-vaccine strategies that should be considered by campaigns aimed at neutralising anti-vaccine messages.
The material is in Spanish language
Replication and Evolution of Quantum Species
Creators: name: Pati, Arun K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We dwell upon the physicist's conception of `life' since Schroedinger and Wigner through to the modern-day language of living systems in the light of quantum information. We discuss some basic features of a living system such as ordinary replication and evolution in terms of quantum bio-information. We also discuss the principle of no-culling of living replicas. We show that in a collection of identical species there can be no entanglement between one of the mutated copies and the rest of the species in a closed universe. Even though these discussions revolve around `artificial life' they may still be applicable in real biological systems under suitable conditions.
description: Latex, 12 pages, no figures
A Review on Current Mechanical and Electronic Design.pdf
Creators: name: Habib, Shehan
name: Arefin, Paroma
name: Aishawarya Arefin
name: Saidul Arefin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111001 Aged Care Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: 110301 Anaesthesiology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111704 Community Child Health
subject: Diseases
subject: Health Care
subject: 111709 Health Care Administration
subject: 111710 Health Counselling
subject: 111711 Health Information Systems (incl. Surveillance)
subject: 111602 Human Biophysics
subject: FOS: Basic medicine
subject: 111708 Health and Community Services
subject: 111712 Health Promotion

description: Smart canes are one of the mobility assistive devices to facilitate
the freedom of movement and help people with mobility problems
to move around and perform daily chores, which are not possible
usually. But they are available in different design options to offer
specific advantages. In this review paper, we have addressed different
mechanical and electronic designs of assistive devices proposed and
developed by various researchers. The aim of our study was to sort
out different mechanisms of actions used by them. With the discussion
and comparison of their mode of functions, we have found a direction
to potential future improvements, development, and variations to fulfill
individualized and customized requirements
Soyfood Consumption Patterns: Effects of Product Attributes and Household Characteristics
Creators: name: Rimal, Arbindra
name: Moon, Wanki
name: Balasubramanian, Siva K.
name: Rimal, Arbindra
name: Moon, Wanki
name: Balasubramanian, Siva K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Effects of perceived attributes of soyfoods on the consumption patterns for six different soyfood products are evaluated. Perceived attributes include convenience, health benefits, and taste. The soyfood products are tofu, vegetable burgers, soy milk, soy supplements, meat substitutes, and soy cheese. This study uses a conceptual model that highlights the role of perceived attributes in a demand model by combining Lancaster’s characteristics model with Fishbein’s multi-attribute model. A binary-choice model and a zero-inflated negative binomial model (ZINB) are used as empirical specifications to address the zero consumption of soyfood products. Results show that perceived health attributes of soyfood have differential effects across the six soyfood products. Convenience of preparation and consumption as well as taste have strong effects across soyfood products. The study identifies several socio-economic characteristics of consumers that have a significant influence on soyfood consumption patterns. Implications for the food industry are discussed in relation to the differential effects of health attributes and socio-demographic variables.
Collapse of the Fano Resonance Caused by the Nonlocality of the Majorana State
Creators: name: Aksenov, S. V.
name: Kagan, M. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the main features of the Majorana state, which attracts a considerable current interest to these excitations in solid-state systems, is related to its nonlocal character. It is demonstrated that the direct consequence of such nonlocality is the collapse of the Fano resonance manifesting itself in the conductance of an asymmetric interference device, the arms of which are connected by a one-dimensional topological superconductor. In the framework of the spinless model, it is shown that the predicted effect is associated with an increase in the multiplicity of the degeneracy of the zero-energy state of the structure arising at a specific case of the Kitaev model. Such an increase leads to the formation of a bound state in the continuum.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Antibiootikumide kasutamine ja antimikroobne resistentsus COVID-19-pandeemia ajajärgul
Creators: name: Allas, Ülar
name: Telling, Kaidi
name: Tenson, Tanel
Publisher: name: Eesti Arst
Year: 2021

description: COVID-19-st põhjustatud hingamisraskustega patsientidele määratakse sageli antibiootikumravi. Ometigi kinnitavad nüüdseks kogunenud andmed, et COVID-19-ga kaasnevate respiratoorsete haigusnähtude põhjustaja on üksnes harva bakteriaalne või fungaalne sekundaarinfektsioon. Mõnedes haiglates on COVID-19 raviks kasutatud asitromütsiini, ehkki selleks puudub praeguse seisuga teaduslik alus. Kuna antibiootikumravi määratakse sageli ja ilma tegeliku vajaduseta, on paljud teadlased väljendanud muret, et COVID-19-pandeemia võimendab antimikroobse resistentsuse (AMR) üleilmset levikut. AMRi levikut mõjutavaks lisateguriks on maailmas järsult suurenenud biotsiidide kasutamine. Antibiootikumide ebavajaliku kasutamise vähendamiseks ja AMRi leviku ohjeldamiseks tuleb COVID-19-patsientide ravis lähtuda antibiootikumide vastutustundliku kasutamise põhimõtetest.
description: Eesti Arst, 2021: Veebruar
Object recognition with many local features
Creators: name: Helmer, Scott
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: There has been a great deal of attention focused on part-based approaches to object classification in recent research in computer vision, and some approaches have achieved a surprising amount of success. However, learning models with a large number of parts has been a particular challenge. One of the most successful approaches is that of Fergus et al. [5] who have developed a generative model for recognition that achieves excellent results on a variety of datasets. The learning method that they present to learn the parameters for the model, however, requires an exponential amount of time to train as the number of parts increase. The primary contribution of this thesis is the extension of their generative model, and the development of a learning algorithm that can learn a large number of parts in a reasonable amount of time. In particular, we have developed an incremental learning algorithm where the model is initialized intelligently with a small number of parts, and parts are added to the model one at a time. By taking such an approach we are able to learn models with a large number of parts in nearly a linear amount of time in the number of parts. The approach is validated on a number of datasets, including cars, motorbikes, and faces, and demonstrates excellent recognition results along with large models learned in a reasonable amount of time.
A Serendipitous XMM-Newton Observation of the Intermediate Polar WX Pyx
Creators: name: Schlegel, Eric M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We briefly describe a serendipitous observation of the little-studied intermediate polar WX Pyx using XMM-Newton. The X-ray spin period is 1557.3 sec, confirming the optical period published in 1996. An orbital period of approximately 5.54 hr is inferred from the separation of the spin-orbit sidelobe components. The soft and hard band spin-folded light curves are nearly sinusoidal in shape. The best-fit spectrum is consistent with a bremsstrahlung temperature of about 18 keV. An upper limit of approximately 300 eV is assigned to the presence of Fe line emission. WX Pyx lies near TX and TV Col in the P_spin-P_orb plane.
description: 5 pages, 5 figs; accepted A&A 2004 Dec 8
GW190814 as a massive rapidly-rotating neutron star with exotic degrees of freedom
Creators: name: Dexheimer, V.
name: Gomes, R. O.
name: Klähn, T.
name: Han, S.
name: Salinas, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of the massive secondary object recently observed in the compact-star merger GW190814, we investigate the possibility of producing massive neutron stars from a few different equation of state models that contain exotic degrees of freedom, such as hyperons and quarks. Our work shows that state-of-the-art relativistic mean field models can generate massive stars reaching $\gtrsim 2.05\,\Msun$, while being in good agreement with gravitational-wave events and x-ray pulsar observations, when quark vector interactions and non-standard self-vector interactions are introduced. In particular, we present a new version of the Chiral Mean Field (CMF) model in which a different quark-deconfinement potential allows for stable stars with a pure quark core. When rapid rotation is considered, our models generate stellar masses that approach, and in some cases surpass $2.5\,\Msun$. We find that in such cases fast rotation does not necessarily suppress exotic degrees of freedom due to changes in stellar central density, but require a larger amount of baryons than what is allowed in the non-rotating stars. This is not the case for pure quark stars, which can easily reach $2.5\,\Msun$ and still possess approximately the same amount of baryons as stable non-rotating stars. We also briefly discuss possible origins for fast rotating stars with a large amount of baryons and their stability, showing how the event GW190814 can be associated with a star containing quarks as one of its progenitors.
description: extended version