cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The nylon balloon for xenon loaded liquid scintillator in KamLAND-Zen 800 neutrinoless double-beta decay search experiment
Creators: name: Zen Collaboration
name: Gando, Y.
name: Gando, A.
name: Hachiya, T.
name: Hayashida, S.
name: Hosokawa, K.
name: Ikeda, H.
name: Mitsui, T.
name: Nakada, T.
name: Obara, S.
name: Ozaki, H.
name: Shirai, J.
name: Ueshima, K.
name: Watanabe, H.
name: Abe, S.
name: Hata, K.
name: Hayashi, A.
name: Honda, Y.
name: Ieki, S.
name: Inoue, K.
name: Ishidoshiro, K.
name: Ishikawa, S.
name: Kamei, Y.
name: Kamizawa, K.
name: Karino, Y.
name: Kawada, N.
name: Kinoshita, T.
name: Koga, M.
name: Matsuda, S.
name: Miyake, H.
name: Nakamura, K.
name: Nemoto, K.
name: Ono, A.
name: Ota, N.
name: Otsuka, S.
name: Shibukawa, Y.
name: Shimizu, I.
name: Shirahata, Y.
name: Soma, K.
name: Suzuki, A.
name: Suzuki, A. A.
name: Takai, T.
name: Takeuchi, A.
name: Tamae, K.
name: Teraoka, Y.
name: Wada, Y.
name: Chernyak, D.
name: Kozlov, A.
name: Yoshida, S.
name: Umehara, S.
name: Takemoto, Y.
name: Fushimi, K.
name: Hirata, S.
name: Grant, C.
name: Li, A.
name: Learned, J. G.
name: Maricic, J.
name: Berger, B. E.
name: Fujikawa, B. K.
name: Fraker, S.
name: Herman, A.
name: Krupczak, E.
name: Pease, G. L.
name: Winslow, L. A.
name: Efremenko, Y.
name: Karwowski, H. J.
name: Markoff, D. M.
name: Tornow, W.
name: O'Donnell, T.
name: Dell'Oro, S.
name: Detwiler, J. A.
name: Enomoto, S.
name: Decowski, M. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The KamLAND-Zen 800 experiment is searching for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe by using $^{136}$Xe-loaded liquid scintillator. The liquid scintillator is enclosed inside a balloon made of thin, transparent, low-radioactivity film that we call Inner Balloon (IB). The IB, apart from guaranteeing the liquid containment, also allows to minimize the background from cosmogenic muon-spallation products and $^{8}$B solar neutrinos. Indeed these events could contribute to the total counts in the region of interest around the Q-value of the double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe. In this paper, we present an overview of the IB and describe the various steps of its commissioning minimizing the radioactive contaminations, from the material selection, to the fabrication of the balloon and its installation inside the KamLAND detector. Finally, we show the impact of the IB on the KamLAND background as measured by the KamLAND detector itself.
description: 23 pages, 16 figures, to be submitted to JINST
AKARI Detection of the Infrared-Bright Supernova Remnant B0104-72.3 in the Small Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Koo, Bon-Chul
name: Lee, Ho-Gyu
name: Moon, Dae-Sik
name: Lee, Jae-Joon
name: Seok, Ji Yeon
name: Lee, Hyung Mok
name: Hong, Seung Soo
name: Lee, Myung Gyoon
name: Kaneda, Hidehiro
name: Ita, Yoshifusa
name: Jeong, Woong-Seob
name: Onaka, Takashi
name: Sakon, Itsuki
name: Nakagawa, Takao
name: Murakami, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a serendipitous detection of the infrared-bright supernova remnant (SNR) B0104-72.3 in the Small Magellanic Cloud by the Infrared Camera (IRC) onboard AKARI. An elongated, partially complete shell is detected in all four observed IRC bands covering 2.6-15 um. The infrared shell surrounds radio, optical, and X-ray emission associated with the SNR and is probably a radiative SNR shell. This is the first detection of a SNR shell in this near/mid-infrared waveband in the Small Magellanic Cloud. The IRC color indicates that the infrared emission might be from shocked H2 molecules with some possible contributions from ionic lines. We conclude that B0104-72.3 is a middle-aged SNR interacting with molecular clouds, similar to the Galactic SNR IC 443. Our results highlight the potential of AKARI IRC observations in studying SNRs, especially for diagnosing SNR shocks.
description: 12 pages with 3 figures, accepted for publication in AKARI PASJ special issue
Theoretical mapping of interaction between alkali metal atoms adsorbed on graphene-like BC3 monolayer
Creators: name: Zhour, Kazem
name: Postnikov, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First-principles calculations using density functional theory and two methods in comparison, Quantum ESPRESSO and Siesta, are done on large supercells which describe different placements of two identical adsorbed alkali metal atoms (of either Na, or K species) on the monolayer of boron carbide BC3. The energy of single-atom adsorption over the center of C6 ring, of the C4B2 hexagon and over a boron atom have been preliminarily estimated, the effect of applying the Grimme D2 correction on the adsorption characteristics evaluated, and the comparison of these results with available data discussed. The interaction of two identical Na or K atoms adsorbed at close enough distances (less than 10 Angstrom) is negligible if the adsorption occurs at the opposite sides of the BC3 layer, but creates a steep repulsive potential at distances less than 8 Angstrom if both atoms are adsorbed on the same side of the monolayer. Relaxation patterns resulting from the two K atoms being trapped at adjacent adsorption sites in the lattice are explained. The results suggest that the density of adsorbed K atoms on BC3 can be interestingly high.
Flory-Huggins theory for the solubility of heterogeneously-modified polymers
Creators: name: Warren, Patrick B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many water soluble polymers are chemically modified versions of insoluble base materials such as cellulose. A Flory-Huggins model is solved to determine the effects of heterogeneity in modification on the solubility of such polymers. It is found that heterogeneity leads to decreased solubility, with the effect increasing with increasing blockiness. In the limit of extreme blockiness, the nature of the phase coexistence crosses over to a polymer-polymer demixing transition. Some consequences are discussed for the synthesis of partially modified polymers, and the experimental characterisation of such systems.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, RevTeX 4.0
Quantum analysis of second-order effects in superconducting travelling-wave parametric amplifiers
Creators: name: Zhao, Songyuan
name: Withington, Stafford
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed a quantum mechanical analysis of travelling-wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) in order to investigate five experimental phenomena related to their operations, namely the effect of impedance mismatch, the presence of upper idler modes, the presence of quantum and thermal noise, the generation of squeezed states, and the preservation of pre-squeezed states during amplification. Our analysis uses momentum operators to describe the spatial evolution of quantised modes along a TWPA. We calculate the restriction placed on pump amplitude as well as amplifier gain as a result of impedance mismatch between a TWPA and its external system. We apply our analysis to upper idler modes and demonstrate that they will result in suppressed gain. We show that an ideal TWPA is indeed quantum-limited - i.e. it introduces a half-quantum of zero-point fluctuation which is the minimum possible noise contribution for a phase-preserving linear amplifier. We analyse the thermal noise associated with a TWPA by considering the effect of distributed sources along an amplifier transmission line. Our analysis predicts a doubling of thermal noise in the high gain limit as a result of wave-mixing between signal and idler modes. We study the operation of a TWPA in the presence of a DC bias current, and have shown that highly squeezed states can in principle be generated. However, amplifying a pre-squeezed state using a non-degenerate TWPA generally reduces the squeezing advantage.
The number of open paths in an oriented $ρ$-percolation model
Creators: name: Comets, Francis
name: Popov, Serguei
name: Vachkovskaia, Marina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K37

description: We study the asymptotic properties of the number of open paths of length $n$ in an oriented $ρ$-percolation model. We show that this number is $e^{nα(ρ)(1+o(1))}$ as $n \to \infty$. The exponent $α$ is deterministic, it can be expressed in terms of the free energy of a polymer model, and it can be explicitely computed in some range of the parameters. Moreover, in a restricted range of the parameters, we even show that the number of such paths is $n^{-1/2} W e^{nα(ρ)}(1+o(1))$ for some nondegenerate random variable $W$. We build on connections with the model of directed polymers in random environment, and we use techniques and results developed in this context.
description: 30 pages, 2 figures
The OTELO survey: Revealing a population of low-luminosity current/active star-forming galaxies at z$\sim0.9$
Creators: name: Martínez, Rocío Navarro
name: Pérez-García, Ana María
name: Pérez-Martínez, Ricardo
name: Cerviño, Miguel
name: Gallego, Jesús
name: Bongiovanni, Ángel
name: Barrufet, Laia
name: Nadolny, Jakub
name: Cedrés, Bernabé
name: Cepa, Jordi
name: Alfaro, Emilio
name: Castañeda, Héctor O.
name: de Diego, José A.
name: González-Otero, Mauro
name: González, J. Jesús
name: González-Serrano, J. Ignacio
name: Lara-López, Maritza A.
name: Torres, Carmen P. Padilla
name: Sánchez-Portal, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a sample of H$β$ emission line sources at $z\sim$0.9 to identify the star-forming (SF) galaxies sample and characterise them in terms of line luminosity, stellar mass, SFR, and morphology. The final aim is to obtain the H$β$ luminosity function (LF) of the SF galaxies at this redshift. We used the instrument OSIRIS at GTC to obtain the pseudo spectra of emission line sources in the OTELO field. From these pseudo spectra, we identified the objects with H$β$ emission. As the resolution of the pseudo spectra allowed us to separate H$β$ from O[III], we derive the H$β$ flux without contamination. Using data from the extended OTELO catalogue, we discriminated AGNs and studied the SFR, the stellar mass, and the morphology of the SF galaxies. We find that our sample is located on the main sequence of SF galaxies. The sources are morphologically classified, mostly as disc-like galaxies (76%), and 90% of the sample are low-mass galaxies ($M_*<10^{10}\;\mathrm{M}_\odot$). The low-mass SF galaxies at $z \sim 0.9$ that were detected by OTELO present similar properties as low-mass SF galaxies in the local universe, suggesting that these kinds of objects do not have a favorite epoch of formation and star formation enhancement from $z \sim 1$ to now. Our sample of 40 H$β$ SF galaxies includes the faintest H$β$ emitters detected so far. This allows us to constrain the faint end of the LF for the H$β$ line alone with a minimum luminosity of $\log L = 39 \;\mathrm{erg\,s}^{-1}$, which is a hundred times fainter than previous surveys. The dust-corrected OTELO H$β$ LF established the faint-end slope as $α=-1.36\pm 0.15$. We increased the scope of the analysis to the bright end by adding ancillary data from the literature, which was not dust-corrected in this case. The obtained slope for this extended LF is $α= -1.43\pm 0.12$.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted by A&A
XMM-Newton campaign on the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 247 ULX-1: outflows
Creators: name: Pinto, C.
name: Soria, R.
name: Walton, D.
name: D'Ai, A.
name: Pintore, F.
name: Kosec, P.
name: Alston, W. N.
name: Fuerst, F.
name: Middleton, M. J.
name: Roberts, T. P.
name: Del Santo, M.
name: Barret, D.
name: Ambrosi, E.
name: Robba, A.
name: Earnshaw, H.
name: Fabian, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most ULXs are believed to be powered by super-Eddington accreting neutron stars and, perhaps, black holes. Above the Eddington rate the disc is expected to thicken and to launch powerful winds through radiation pressure. Winds have been recently discovered in several ULXs. However, it is yet unclear whether the thickening of the disc or the wind variability causes the switch between the classical soft and supersoft states observed in some ULXs. In order to understand such phenomenology and the overall super-Eddington mechanism, we undertook a large (800 ks) observing campaign with XMM-Newton to study NGC 247 ULX-1, which shifts between a supersoft and classical soft ULX state. The new observations show unambiguous evidence of a wind in the form of emission and absorption lines from highly-ionised ionic species, with the latter indicating a mildly-relativistic outflow (-0.17c) in line with the detections in other ULXs. Strong dipping activity is observed in the lightcurve and primarily during the brightest observations, which is typical among soft ULXs, and indicates a close relationship between the accretion rate and the appearance of the dips. The latter is likely due to a thickening of the disc scale-height and the wind as shown by a progressively increasing blueshift in the spectral lines.
description: 18 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
An HLA-G/SPAG9/STAT3 axis promotes brain metastases.
Creators: name: Bassey-Archibong, Blessing Iquo
name: Chokshi, Chirayu Rajendra
name: Aghaei, Nikoo
name: Kieliszek, Agata Monika
name: Tatari, Nazanin
name: McKenna, Dillon
name: Singh, Mohini
name: Subapanditha, Minomi Kalpana
name: Parmar, Arun
name: Mobilio, Daniel
name: Savage, Neil
name: Lam, Fred
name: Tokar, Tomas
name: Provias, John
name: Lu, Yu
name: Chafe, Shawn Christopher
name: Swanton, Charles
name: Hynds, Robert Edward
name: Venugopal, Chitra
name: Singh, Sheila Kumari
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: Tumour Biology
subject: Tumour Biology
classificationCode: Signalling & Oncogenes
subject: Signalling & Oncogenes
classificationCode: Genetics & Genomics
subject: Genetics & Genomics
classificationCode: Genome Integrity & Repair
subject: Genome Integrity & Repair
classificationCode: Human Biology & Physiology
subject: Human Biology & Physiology
classificationCode: Chemical Biology & High Throughput
subject: Chemical Biology & High Throughput
classificationCode: Ecology,Evolution & Ethology
subject: Ecology,Evolution & Ethology
classificationCode: Computational & Systems Biology
subject: Computational & Systems Biology

description: Brain metastases (BM) are the most common brain neoplasm in adults. Current BM therapies still offer limited efficacy and reduced survival outcomes, emphasizing the need for a better understanding of the disease. Herein, we analyzed the transcriptional profile of brain metastasis initiating cells (BMICs) at two distinct stages of the brain metastatic cascade-the "premetastatic" or early stage when they first colonize the brain and the established macrometastatic stage. RNA sequencing was used to obtain the transcriptional profiles of premetastatic and macrometastatic (non-premetastatic) lung, breast, and melanoma BMICs. We identified that lung, breast, and melanoma premetastatic BMICs share a common transcriptomic signature that is distinct from their non-premetastatic counterparts. Importantly, we show that premetastatic BMICs exhibit increased expression of HLA-G, which we further demonstrate functions in an HLA-G/SPAG9/STAT3 axis to promote the establishment of brain metastatic lesions. Our findings suggest that unraveling the molecular landscape of premetastatic BMICs allows for the identification of clinically relevant targets that can possibly inform the development of preventive and/or more efficacious BM therapies.
Functions of mountain pine beetle cytochromes P450 CYP6DJ1, CYP6BW1 and CYP6BW3 in the oxidation of pine monoterpenes and diterpene resin acids
Creators: name: Chiu, Christine C.; Keeling, Christopher I.; Henderson, Hannah M.; Bohlmann, Joerg
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Libraries
Year: 2019

Abstract
Asteroseismology of delta Scuti stars in open clusters: Praesepe
Creators: name: Suárez, J. C.
name: Michel, E.
name: Houdek, G.
name: Hernández, F. Pérez
name: Lebreton, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present paper provides a general overview of the asteroseismic potential of delta Scuti stars in clusters, in particular focusing on convection diagnostics. We give a summarise of the last results obtained by the authors for the Praesepe cluster of which five delta Scuti stars are analysed. In that work, linear analysis is confronted with observations, using refined descriptions for the effects of rotation on the determination of the global stellar parameters and on the adiabatic oscillation frequency computations. A single, complete, and coherent solution for all the selected stars is found, which lead the authors to find important restrictions to the convection description for a certain range of effective temperatures. Furthermore, the method used allowed to give an estimate of the global parameters of the selected stars and constrain the cluster.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in Communications in Asteroseismology
Macrophage interaction with Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Creators: name: Kluftinger, Janet Louise
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The interactions of macrophages with Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied. Five monoclonal antibodies specific for porin protein F were tested for their ability to opsonize P. aeruginosa for complement-independent phagocytosis by unelicited mouse peritoneal macrophages, human peripheral blood monocytes and mouse macrophage cell line P388[sub D1]. All five antibodies significantly increased the level of bacterial uptake over that obtained with the non-opsonic controls. The relative effectiveness of the different antibodies was approximately the same in all cell types indicating that the P388[sub D1] cells can be used as a model for normal macrophages. Of the four monoclonal antibodies directed against similar epitopes of protein F, the three IgGl monoclonal antibodies were substantially more opsonic than the one IgG2a isotype. P. aeruginosa cytotoxin and periplasmic contents caused a significant reduction in antibody-mediated phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa. Phagocytosis was restored upon pre-incubation with anti-cytotoxin serum. Both cytotoxin and periplasmic contents caused depolarization of the P388[sub D1] cell membrane, as demonstrated using a polarization-sensitive fluorescent probe. These data indicated that P. aeruginosa cytotoxin was localized in the periplasm and had the potential to inhibit macrophage-mediated phagocytosis, possibly by perturbing ion gradients across the macrophage plasma membrane. Monoclonal antibodies directed against protein F were also capable of enhancing phagocytosis of in vivo-grown P. aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa cells taken directly from the in vivo growth system were significantly more susceptible to macrophage phagocytosis than were the same cells after being washed in buffer. The phagocytosis-promoting factor could be isolated from the supernatant of in vivo-grown bacteria and was determined to be fibronectin. Data indicated that promotion by fibronectin of non-opsonic phagocytosis was mediated by direct activation of the macrophages. The tetrapeptide arginine-glycine-aspartate-serine in the eukaryotic cell binding domain of fibronectin was demonstrated to be the macrophage-activating region. Phagocytosis of a mutant P. aeruginosa strain lacking surface pili could not be enhanced by fibronectin. Furthermore, exogenously added Pseudomonas pili was capable of abrogating the enhanced phagocytosis of the wild type strain observed with fibronectin-activated macrophages. It was concluded that Pseudomonas pili were the bacterial ligands required for attachment to fibronectin-activated macrophages in the initial stages of non-opsonic phagocytosis.
Braiding transformation, entanglement swapping and Berry phase in entanglement space
Creators: name: Chen, Jing-Ling
name: Xue, Kang
name: Ge, Mo-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that braiding transformation is a natural approach to describe quantum entanglement, by using the unitary braiding operators to realize entanglement swapping and generate the GHZ states as well as the linear cluster states. A Hamiltonian is constructed from the unitary $\check{R}_{i,i+1}(θ,ϕ)$-matrix, where $ϕ=ωt$ is time-dependent while $θ$ is time-independent. This in turn allows us to investigate the Berry phase in the entanglement space.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures. Published version
Magnetic-order induced phonon splitting in MnO from far-infrared spectroscopy
Creators: name: Rudolf, T.
name: Kant, Ch.
name: Mayr, F.
name: Loidl, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detailed far-infrared spectra of the optical phonons are reported for antiferromagnetic MnO. Eigenfrequencies, phonon damping and effective plasma frequencies are studied as a function of temperature. Special attention is paid to the phonon splitting at the antiferromagnetic phase transition. The results are compared to recent experimental and theoretical studies of the spin-phonon coupling in frustrated magnets, which are explained in terms of a spin-driven Jahn-Teller effect, and to ab initio and model calculations, which predict phonon splitting induced by magnetic order.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Photoproduction of pi0 omega off protons for E(gamma) < 3 GeV
Creators: name: Junkersfeld, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Differential and total cross-sections for photoproduction of gamma proton to proton pi0 omega and gamma proton to Delta+ omega were determined from measurements of the CB-ELSA experiment, performed at the electron accelerator ELSA in Bonn. The measurements covered the photon energy range from the production threshold up to 3GeV.
description: 8 pages, 13 figures
Two-pion exchange three-nucleon potential: O(q^4) chiral expansion
Creators: name: Ishikawa, S.
name: Robilotta, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the expansion of the two-pion exchange three-nucleon potential (TPE-3NP) to chiral order q^4, which corresponds to a subset of all possibilities at this order and is based on the \piN amplitude at O(q^3). Results encompass both numerical corrections to strength coefficients of previous O(q^3) terms and new structures in the profile functions. The former are typically smaller than 10% whereas the latter arise from either loop functions or non-local gradients acting on the wave function. The influence of the new TPE-3NP over static and scattering three-body observables has been assessed and found to be small, as expected from perturbative corrections.
description: 29 pages, 7 figures
Decay rate enhancement of diamond NV-centers on diamond thin films
Creators: name: Li, Hao
name: Ou, Jun-Yu
name: Fedotov, Vassili A.
name: Papasimakis, Nikitas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate experimentally two-fold enhancement of the decay rate of NV$^0$ centers on diamond/Si substrate as opposed to a bare Si substrate. We link the decay enhancement to the interplay between the excitation of substrate modes and the presence of non-radiative decay channels. We show that the radiative decay rate can vary by up to 90% depending on the thickness of the diamond film.
Fermion mass and width in QED in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Ayala, Alejandro
name: Castaño-Yepes, Jorge David
name: Loewe, M.
name: Muñoz, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the calculation of the fermion self-energy in QED in the presence of a magnetic field. We show that, after carrying out the renormalization procedure and identifying the most general perturbative tensor structure for the modified fermion {mass operator} in the large field limit, the mass develops an imaginary part. This happens when account is made of the sub-leading contributions associated to Landau levels other than the lowest one. The imaginary part is associated to a spectral density describing the spread of the mass function in momentum. The center of the distribution corresponds to the magnetic-field modified mass. The width becomes small as the field intensity increases in such a way that for asymptotically large values of the field, when the separation between Landau levels becomes also large, the mass function describes a stable particle occupying only the lowest Landau level. For large but finite values of the magnetic field, the spectral density represents a finite probability for the fermion to occupy Landau levels other than the LLL.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures. Expanded discussion, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Envisioning Communities: A Participatory Approach Towards AI for Social Good
Creators: name: Bondi, Elizabeth
name: Xu, Lily
name: Acosta-Navas, Diana
name: Killian, Jackson A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Research in artificial intelligence (AI) for social good presupposes some definition of social good, but potential definitions have been seldom suggested and never agreed upon. The normative question of what AI for social good research should be "for" is not thoughtfully elaborated, or is frequently addressed with a utilitarian outlook that prioritizes the needs of the majority over those who have been historically marginalized, brushing aside realities of injustice and inequity. We argue that AI for social good ought to be assessed by the communities that the AI system will impact, using as a guide the capabilities approach, a framework to measure the ability of different policies to improve human welfare equity. Furthermore, we lay out how AI research has the potential to catalyze social progress by expanding and equalizing capabilities. We show how the capabilities approach aligns with a participatory approach for the design and implementation of AI for social good research in a framework we introduce called PACT, in which community members affected should be brought in as partners and their input prioritized throughout the project. We conclude by providing an incomplete set of guiding questions for carrying out such participatory AI research in a way that elicits and respects a community's own definition of social good.
description: Bondi and Xu Equal contribution. 12 pages, 5 figures. Accepted at the Fourth AAAI/ACM Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Society (AIES-21)
A Systematic Literature Review and Taxonomy of Modern Code Review
Creators: name: Davila, Nicole
name: Nunes, Ingrid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern Code Review (MCR) is a widely known practice of software quality assurance. However, the existing body of knowledge of MCR is currently not understood as a whole. Objective: Our goal is to identify the state of the art on MCR, providing a structured overview and an in-depth analysis of the research done in this field. Method: We performed a systematic literature review, selecting publications from four digital libraries. Results: A total of 139 papers were selected and analyzed in three main categories. Foundational studies are those that analyze existing or collected data from the adoption of MCR. Proposals consist of techniques and tools to support MCR, while evaluations are studies to assess an approach or compare a set of them. Conclusion: The most represented category is foundational studies, mainly aiming to understand the motivations for adopting MCR, its challenges and benefits, and which influence factors lead to which MCR outcomes. The most common types of proposals are code reviewer recommender and support to code checking. Evaluations of MCR-supporting approaches have been done mostly offline, without involving human subjects. Five main research gaps have been identified, which point out directions for future work in the area.
Adapting Long Context NLM for ASR Rescoring in Conversational Agents
Creators: name: Shenoy, Ashish
name: Bodapati, Sravan
name: Sunkara, Monica
name: Ronanki, Srikanth
name: Kirchhoff, Katrin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural Language Models (NLM), when trained and evaluated with context spanning multiple utterances, have been shown to consistently outperform both conventional n-gram language models and NLMs that use limited context. In this paper, we investigate various techniques to incorporate turn based context history into both recurrent (LSTM) and Transformer-XL based NLMs. For recurrent based NLMs, we explore context carry over mechanism and feature based augmentation, where we incorporate other forms of contextual information such as bot response and system dialogue acts as classified by a Natural Language Understanding (NLU) model. To mitigate the sharp nearby, fuzzy far away problem with contextual NLM, we propose the use of attention layer over lexical metadata to improve feature based augmentation. Additionally, we adapt our contextual NLM towards user provided on-the-fly speech patterns by leveraging encodings from a large pre-trained masked language model and performing fusion with a Transformer-XL based NLM. We test our proposed models using N-best rescoring of ASR hypotheses of task-oriented dialogues and also evaluate on downstream NLU tasks such as intent classification and slot labeling. The best performing model shows a relative WER between 1.6% and 9.1% and a slot labeling F1 score improvement of 4% over non-contextual baselines.
description: Accepted to Interspeech 2021. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2103.10325
The time delay distribution and formation metallicity of LIGO-Virgo's binary black holes
Creators: name: Fishbach, Maya
name: Kalogera, Vicky
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the first constraints on the time delay distribution of binary black hole (BBH) mergers using the LIGO-Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog GWTC-2. Assuming that the progenitor formation rate follows the star formation rate (SFR), the data favor that $43$--$100\%$ of mergers have delay times $<4.5$ Gyr (90% credibility). Adopting a model for the metallicity evolution, we derive joint constraints for the metallicity-dependence of the BBH formation efficiency and the distribution of time delays between formation and merger. Short time delays are favored regardless of the assumed metallicity dependence, although the preference for short delays weakens as we consider stricter low-metallicity thresholds for BBH formation. For a $p(τ) \propto τ^{-1}$ time delay distribution and a progenitor formation rate that follows the SFR without metallicity dependence, we find that $τ_\mathrm{min}<2.2$ Gyr, whereas considering only the low-metallicity $Z < 0.3\,Z_\odot$ SFR, $τ_\mathrm{min} < 3.0$ Gyr (90% credibility). Alternatively, if we assume long time delays, the progenitor formation rate must peak at higher redshifts than the SFR. For example, for a $p(τ) \propto τ^{-1}$ time delay distribution with $τ_\mathrm{min} = 4$ Gyr, the inferred progenitor rate peaks at $z > 3.9$ (90% credibility). Finally, we explore whether the inferred formation rate and time delay distribution vary with BBH mass.
description: 8 pages main text + 3 page appendix, 7 figures. Updated to match accepted version
Interference effects in above-threshold ionization from diatomic molecules: determining the internuclear separation
Creators: name: Hetzheim, H.
name: Faria, C. Figueira de Morisson
name: Becker, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate angle-resolved above-threshold ionization spectra for diatomic molecules in linearly polarized laser fields, employing the strong-field approximation. The interference structure resulting from the individual contributions of the different scattering scenarios is discussed in detail, with respect to the dependence on the internuclear distance and molecular orientation. We show that, in general, the contributions from the processes in which the electron is freed at one center and rescatters off the other obscure the interference maxima and minima obtained from single-center processes. However, around the boundary of the energy regions for which rescattering has a classical counterpart, such processes play a negligible role and very clear interference patterns are observed. In such energy regions, one is able to infer the internuclear distance from the energy difference between adjacent interference minima.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures; discussions slightly modified and an additional figure inserted for clarity
A new rank-2 Argyres-Douglas theory
Creators: name: Kaidi, Justin
name: Martone, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide evidence for the existence of a new strongly-coupled four dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal field theory arising as a non-trivial IR fixed point on the Coulomb branch of the mass-deformed superconformal Lagrangian theory with gauge group $G_2$ and four fundamental hypermultiplets. Notably, our analysis proceeds by using various geometric constraints to bootstrap the data of the theory, and makes no explicit reference to the Seiberg-Witten curve. We conjecture a corresponding VOA and check that the vacuum character satisfies a linear modular differential equation of fourth order. We also propose an identification with existing class $\mathcal{S}$ constructions.
description: 6 pages
High sensitivity infrared nano-spectroscopy in ambient and water environment
Creators: name: Jin, Mingzhou
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2019
Subjects: Near-field imaging
Infrared spectroscopy
Nano-spectroscopy
Atomic force microscopy

description: Mid-infrared (mid-IR) vibrational spectroscopy is a universal label–free tool for identifying molecular compounds via their ‘fingerprint’ vibrational absorption lines. Infrared nano-spectroscopies with nanoscale spatial resolution can reveal the chemical and physical properties at a few nanometers, and several scanning probe techniques¹⁻⁹ have been developed to address this need. Among these methods, AFM-IR and scattering nearfield scanning microscopy (s-NSOM) have produced outstanding results in mid-IR and far-IR spectral range. In this thesis, a set of experiments are presented, which have substantially improved AFM-IR in terms of the sensitivity and resolution, and have implemented the system for operation under different conditions. We demonstrated high-sensitivity AFM-IR on monolayer molecules via molecular expansion force. AFM-IR microscopy and spectroscopy is also demonstrated on thin films in aqueous environment, which offers the possibility of in vivo studies of biological samples using IR nanospectroscopies¹⁰. Apart from AFM-IR, s-NSOM imaging using the self-mixing detection in mid-IR quantum cascade lasers (QCL) is also presented in this dissertation. The phase and amplitude of the scattered light field can be analyzed from the voltage signal on the QCL, without the need of external-cavity interferometric optical setup.
A Statistical Theory for the Analysis of Uncertain Systems
Creators: name: Chen, Xinjia
name: Zhou, Kemin
name: Aravena, Jorge L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper addresses the issues of conservativeness and computational complexity of probabilistic robustness analysis. We solve both issues by defining a new sampling strategy and robustness measure. The new measure is shown to be much less conservative than the existing one. The new sampling strategy enables the definition of efficient hierarchical sample reuse algorithms that reduce significantly the computational complexity and make it independent of the dimension of the uncertainty space. Moreover, we show that there exists a one to one correspondence between the new and the existing robustness measures and provide a computationally simple algorithm to derive one from the other.
description: 32 pages, 15 figures
HOMOGENEIDADE E RENTABILIDADE: O CASO DAS OPERADORAS DE PLANOS DE SAÚDE
Creators: name: Kudlawicz, Claudineia
name: Steiner Neto, Pedro Jose
name: Frega, Jose Roberto
Publisher: name: Revista de Informação Contábil
Year: 2016
Subjects: desempenho; controladoria

description: Este artigo objetiva analisar a existência de homogeneidade na rentabilidade das empresas do setor de planos de saúde no Brasil, no período de 2005 a 2011. Na definição da rentabilidade utilizou-se o Retorno sobre o Ativo e para a análise, a ANOVA. Sua contribuição está em aprofundar a discussão sobre o setor, que é pouco explorado e possui grande importância para a sociedade, no que tange ao cenário da saúde, abordando a rentabilidade das Operadoras de Planos de Saúde como elemento-chave para sua permanência no mercado nacional. Os resultados identificaram homogeneidade em alguns períodos, mas também uma queda em sua rentabilidade, ocasionada por fatores que, por serem determinantes ambientais não estão sob o domínio das mesmas.
description: Revista de Informação Contábil, v. 9, n. 1 (2015): RIC - Revista de Informação Contábil
Fairness and Transparency in Recommendation: The Users' Perspective
Creators: name: Sonboli, Nasim
name: Smith, Jessie J.
name: Berenfus, Florencia Cabral
name: Burke, Robin
name: Fiesler, Casey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Though recommender systems are defined by personalization, recent work has shown the importance of additional, beyond-accuracy objectives, such as fairness. Because users often expect their recommendations to be purely personalized, these new algorithmic objectives must be communicated transparently in a fairness-aware recommender system. While explanation has a long history in recommender systems research, there has been little work that attempts to explain systems that use a fairness objective. Even though the previous work in other branches of AI has explored the use of explanations as a tool to increase fairness, this work has not been focused on recommendation. Here, we consider user perspectives of fairness-aware recommender systems and techniques for enhancing their transparency. We describe the results of an exploratory interview study that investigates user perceptions of fairness, recommender systems, and fairness-aware objectives. We propose three features -- informed by the needs of our participants -- that could improve user understanding of and trust in fairness-aware recommender systems.
El impacto del ciudadano digital: análisis y visualización del debate ciudadano-ayuntamiento en Twitter
Creators: name: Arroyo-Machado, Wenceslao
name: Barros García, Benamí
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Twitter, social media, data

description: Presentación para el curso internacional "Looking at human-centered technologies for the future" celebrado en Málaga el 27-28 de junio de 2019.
Prediction of three-phase relative permeabilities of Berea sandstone using lattice Boltzmann method
Creators: name: Li, Sheng
name: Jiang, Fei
name: Wei, Bei
name: Hou, Jian
name: Liu, Haihu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three-phase flows through a pore network of Berea sandstone are studied numerically under critical interfacial tension condition. Results show that the relative permeability of each fluid increases as its own saturation increases. The specific interfacial length between wetting and non-wetting fluids monotonously decreases with increasing the saturation of intermediate-wetting fluid, while the other two specific interfacial lengths exhibit a non-monotonous variation. As the wetting (non-wetting) fluid becomes less wetting (non-wetting), the relative permeability of wetting fluid monotonously increases, while the other two relative permeabilities show a non-monotonous trend. Due to the presence of spreading layer, the specific interfacial length between wetting and non-wetting fluids always stabilizes at a low level. As the viscosity ratio of wetting (non-wetting) to intermediate-wetting fluids increases, the relative permeability of wetting (non-wetting) fluid increases. With the viscosity ratio deviating from unity, the phase interfaces become increasingly unstable, leading to an increased specific interfacial length.
Bench-top Cooling of a Microwave Mode using an Optically Pumped Spin Refrigerator
Creators: name: Wu, Hao
name: Mirkhanov, Shamil
name: Ng, Wern
name: Oxborrow, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrate the temporary removal of thermal photons from a microwave mode at 1.45 GHz through its interaction with the spin-polarized triplet states of photo-excited pentacene molecules doped within a p-terphenyl crystal at room temperature. The crystal functions electromagnetically as a narrow-band cryogenic load, removing photons from the otherwise room-temperature mode via stimulated absorption. The noise temperature of the microwave mode dropped to $50^{+18}_{-32}$ K (as directly inferred by noise-power measurements) while the metal walls of the cavity enclosing the mode remained at room temperature. Simulations based on the same system's behavior as a maser (which could be characterized more accurately) indicate the possibility of the mode's temperature sinking to $\sim$10 K (corresponding to $\sim$140 microwave photons). These observations, when combined with engineering improvements to deepen the cooling, identify the system as a narrow-band yet extremely convenient platform -- free of cryogenics, vacuum chambers and strong magnets -- for realizing low-noise detectors, quantum memory and quantum-enhanced machines (such as heat engines) based on strong spin-photon coupling and entanglement at microwave frequencies.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Spin texture induced by non-magnetic doping and spin dynamics in 2D triangular lattice antiferromagnet h-Y(Mn,Al)O3
Creators: name: Park, Pyeongjae
name: Park, Kisoo
name: Oh, Joosung
name: Lee, Ki Hoon
name: Leiner, Jonathan C.
name: Sim, Hasung
name: Kim, Taehun
name: Jeong, Jaehong
name: Rule, Kirrily C.
name: Kamazawa, Kazuya
name: Iida, Kazuki
name: Perring, T. G.
name: Woo, Hyungje
name: Cheong, S. -W.
name: Zhitomirsky, M. E.
name: Chernyshev, A. L.
name: Park, Je-Geun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Novel effects induced by nonmagnetic impurities in frustrated magnets and quantum spin liquid represent a highly nontrivial and interesting problem. A theoretical proposal of extended modulated spin structures induced by doping of such magnets, distinct from the well-known skyrmions has attracted significant interest. Here, we demonstrate that nonmagnetic impurities can produce such extended spin structures in h-YMnO3, a triangular antiferromagnet with noncollinear magnetic order. Using inelastic neutron scattering (INS), we measured the full dynamical structure factor in Al-doped h-YMnO3 and confirmed the presence of magnon damping with a clear momentum dependence. Our theoretical calculations can reproduce the key features of the INS data, supporting the formation of the proposed spin textures. As such, our study provides the first experimental confirmation of the impurity-induced spin textures. It offers new insights and understanding of the impurity effects in a broad class of noncollinear magnetic systems.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures and supplementary Information. Accepted for publication in Nature Communications
Neel order in the two-dimensional S=1/2 Heisenberg Model
Creators: name: Löw, Ute
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of Neel order in the S=1/2 Heisenberg model on the square lattice at T=0 is shown using inequalities set up by Kennedy, Lieb and Shastry in combination with high precision Quantum Monte Carlo data.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Properties of new unflavored mesons below 2.4 GeV
Creators: name: Afonin, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The global features of spectrum of highly excited light nonstrange mesons can be well understood within both chiral symmetry restoration scenario combined with the relation $M^2\sim J+n$ and within nonrelativistic description based on the relation $M^2\sim L+n$. The predictions of these two alternative classifications for missing states are different and only future experiments can distinguish between the two. We elaborate and compare systematically the predictions of both schemes, which may serve as a suggestion for future experiments devoted to the search for missing states.
description: 5 pages, to appear in Phys. Rev. C XX, 005200 (2007)