cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effects of changing milking and feeding times on the behaviour, body temperature, respiration rate and milk production of dairy cows on pasture
Creators: name: Schutz, Karin
name: Cox, Neil
name: Cave, Vanessa
name: Huddart, Frankie
name: Tucker, Cassandra B.
Publisher: name: AgResearch
Year: 2023
Subjects: Animal behaviour

description: Management strategies to reduce heat stress are needed, especially when there is no or little shade in pasture-based dairy systems. We investigated management practices used to reduce heat load in summer: milking later when it is cooler, feeding later, and milking only in the morning. Fifteen groups (n = 4 pregnant Friesian-cross cows/group) were managed on pasture and milked at 0700 h followed by a new pasture allocation including silage and one of five afternoon/evening treatments (n = 3 groups/treatment): 1) Late milking (1935 h)/early feed (1630 h), 2) Late milking (1935 h)/late feed (2015 h), 3) Early milking (1550 h)/early feed (1630 h, control), 4) Early milking (1550 h)/late feed (2015 h), 5) Once-a-day milking (OAD): cows were milked only in the morning and provided feed at 1630 h. Lying, grazing and ruminating were recorded using validated accelerometers over 25 d (mean temperature: 19 °C, range: 5–32 °C). Body temperature (BT) was recorded using vaginal temperature loggers and respiration rate (RR) was recorded manually. Individual milk production and water intake (group level) were recorded daily. Data were analysed using linear mixed models with group as the experimental unit (n = 3/treatment). There was no evidence of an overall treatment effect at the 5% significance level for grazing, ruminating, lying time, BT or RR, however, the diurnal pattern varied among treatments (grazing, ruminating, lying, BT: P < 0.001). Typically, cows spent more time grazing after fresh pasture was provided followed by rumination, however, this may have resulted in an observed numerical reduction in lying time for cows with delayed milking and/or feeding. Control cows had numerically the highest RR in the afternoon and OAD cows and cows with delayed feeding the lowest. Water intake tended to differ between treatments (P = 0.060); cows milked early in the afternoon consumed most water. Cows with delayed milking had the greatest peak in BT in the afternoon/evening, whereas cows with delayed milking and feeding, and OAD cows had the lowest BT in the afternoon/evening (P < 0.001). Milk production declined over time, which is normal in summer, however, this decline was numerically lowest for cows with delayed milking and feeding. In summary, OAD cows may have experienced reduced heat load. Delaying milking and feeding and milking OAD reduced the afternoon peak in BT that is associated with walking into milking. Modifying milking and feeding times can be used to change diurnal patterns of behaviour but more information is needed to understand what this means for cow welfare.
title: The effects of chronic hypoxia and nitric oxide on myocardial contractility in steelhead trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss)
Creators: name: Carnevale, Christian
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2019

description: Environmental hypoxia has been intensifying and spreading in recent years due to climate change, and there is accumulating evidence that the cardiac function of hypoxia-intolerant fish is negatively affected by long-term exposure to low oxygen conditions. However, the cause of this reduced heart performance has not been conclusively identified, and it is unknown whether nitric oxide (NO)-mediated effects are involved. This thesis examined how chronic hypoxia (> 8 weeks at ~8 kPa O₂) influenced the contractility (i.e., work and power) of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spongy myocardial strips upon exposure to graded hypoxia (21 – 1.5 kPa), and influenced NO-mediated performance. Hypoxic-acclimated strips produced less shortening power (by ~35%) as compared to those from normoxic-acclimated conspecifics, but experienced similar reductions in contractility during acute hypoxia and did not recover as well upon re-oxygenation. The effects of NO on myocardial function were not greatly affected by hypoxic-acclimation, but were found to be highly dependent on contraction frequency and strain.
Higgs Couplings and Electroweak Phase Transition
Creators: name: Katz, Andrey
name: Perelstein, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that extensions of the Standard Model (SM) with a strongly first-order electroweak phase transition generically predict significant deviations of the Higgs couplings to gluons, photons, and Z bosons from their SM values. Precise experimental measurements of the Higgs couplings at the LHC and at the proposed next-generation facilities will allow for a robust test of the phase transition dynamics. To illustrate this point, in this paper we focus on the scenario in which loops of a new scalar field are responsible for the first-order phase transition, and study a selection of benchmark models with various SM gauge quantum numbers of the new scalar. We find that the current LHC measurement of the Higgs coupling to gluons already excludes the possibility of a first-order phase transition induced by a scalar in a sextet, or larger, representation of the SU(3)_c. Future LHC experiments (including HL-LHC) will be able to definitively probe the case when the new scalar is a color triplet. If the new scalar is not colored, an electron-positron Higgs factory, such as the proposed ILC or TLEP, would be required to test the nature of the phase transition. The extremely precise measurement of the Higgsstrahlung cross section possible at such machines will allow for a comprehensive and definitive probe of the possibility of a first-order electroweak phase transition in all models we considered, including the case when the new scalar is a pure gauge singlet.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures. v2: typos fixed, some clarifications added, results and conclusions unchanged
Probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and acidophilus R0052) Reduce the Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Mice with Alcoholic Liver Disease
Creators: name: Hong, Meegun
name: Kim, Seung Woo
name: Han, Sang Hak
name: Kim, Dong Joon
name: Suk, Ki Tae
name: Kim, Yeon Soo
name: Kim, Myong Jo
name: Kim, Moon Young
name: Baik, Soon Koo
name: Ham, Young Lim
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Alcoholic liver diseases
Ginseng--Therapeutic use
Urushiol
Endotoxins
Therapeutics
Probiotics
Medicine
Toxicology
Pathology
Pharmacology

description: Objective
The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR 4) in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has been widely established. We evaluated the biological effects of probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and acidophilus R0052), KRG (Korea red ginseng), and urushiol (Rhus verniciflua Stokes) on ALD, including their effects on normal and high-fat diet in mice.
Methods
One hundred C57BL/6 mice were classified into normal (N) and high-fat diet (H) groups. Each group was divided into 5 sub-groups: control, alcohol, alcohol+probiotics, alcohol+KRG, and alcohol+urushiol. A liver function test, histology, electron-microscopy, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, and IL-10, and TLR 4 were evaluated and compared.
Results
In the N group, probiotics, KRG, and urushiol significantly reduced levels of TNF-α (12.3±5.1, 13.4±3.9, and 12.1±4.3 vs. 27.9±15.2 pg/mL) and IL-1β (108.4±39.4, 75.0±51.0, and 101.1±26.8 vs. 162.4±37.5 pg/mL), which were increased by alcohol. Alcohol-induced TLR 4 expression was reduced by probiotics and urushiol (0.7±0.2, and 0.8±0.1 vs. 1.0±0.3, p<0.001). In the H group, IL-10 was significantly increased by probiotics and KRG, compared with alcohol (25.3±15.6 and 20.4±6.2 vs. 7.6±5.6 pg/mL) and TLR 4 expression was reduced by probiotics (0.8±0.2 vs. 1.0±0.3, p = 0.007).
Conclusions
Alcohol-induced TLR 4 expression was down-regulated by probiotics in the normal and high-fat diet groups. Probiotics, KRG, and urushiol might be effective in the treatment of ALD by regulating the gut-liver axis.
Surfaces of colloidal PbSe nanocrystals probed by thin-film positron annihilation spectroscopy
Creators: name: Chai, L.
name: Al-Sawai, W.
name: Gao, Y.
name: Houtepen, A. J.
name: Mijnarends, P. E.
name: Barbiellini, B.
name: Schut, H.
name: van Schaarenburg, L. C.
name: van Huis, M. A.
name: Ravelli, L.
name: Egger, W.
name: Kaprzyk, S.
name: Bansil, A.
name: Eijt, S. W. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and positron-electron momentum density (PEMD) studies on multilayers of PbSe nanocrystals (NCs), supported by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), show that positrons are strongly trapped at NC surfaces, where they provide insight into the surface composition and electronic structure of PbSe NCs. Our analysis indicates abundant annihilation of positrons with Se electrons at the NC surfaces and with O electrons of the oleic ligands bound to Pb ad-atoms at the NC surfaces, which demonstrates that positrons can be used as a sensitive probe to investigate the surface physics and chemistry of nanocrystals inside multilayers. Ab-initio electronic structure calculations provide detailed insight in the valence and semi-core electron contributions to the positron-electron momentum density of PbSe. Both lifetime and PEMD are found to correlate with changes in the particle morphology characteristic of partial ligand removal.
description: 4 Figures, 1 Supplemental file
Echimyidae Gray 1825
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Echimyidae

description: Family Echimyidae REVIEWED BY: M. A. Mares (MAM); C. A. Woods (CAW). COMMENT: Includes Heteropsomys from the Greater Antilles; known only from fossils, possibly Holocene; see Hall, 1981:875-876. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410029000000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 586, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
description: {"references": ["Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90."]}
Evaluation of Non-Local Means Based Denoising Filters for Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Using a New Phantom
Creators: name: Zhou, Min-Xiong
name: Yan, Xu
name: Xie, Hai-Bin
name: Zheng, Hui
name: Xu, Dongrong
name: Yang, Guang
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Phantoms (Radiology)
Magnetic resonance imaging
Distribution (Probability theory)
Image processing
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging
Diagnostic imaging
Biomedical engineering

description: Image denoising has a profound impact on the precision of estimated parameters in diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). This work first proposes an approach to constructing a DKI phantom that can be used to evaluate the performance of denoising algorithms in regard to their abilities of improving the reliability of DKI parameter estimation. The phantom was constructed from a real DKI dataset of a human brain, and the pipeline used to construct the phantom consists of diffusion-weighted (DW) image filtering, diffusion and kurtosis tensor regularization, and DW image reconstruction. The phantom preserves the image structure while minimizing image noise, and thus can be used as ground truth in the evaluation. Second, we used the phantom to evaluate three representative algorithms of non-local means (NLM). Results showed that one scheme of vector-based NLM, which uses DWI data with redundant information acquired at different b-values, produced the most reliable estimation of DKI parameters in terms of Mean Square Error (MSE), Bias and standard deviation (Std). The result of the comparison based on the phantom was consistent with those based on real datasets.
Vortex-phase filtering technique for extracting spatial information from unresolved sources
Creators: name: Ruane, Garreth J.
name: Kanburapa, Prachyathit
name: Han, Jiaxuan
name: Swartzlander, Grover A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A white light vortex coronagraph was used to experimentally achieve sub-resolution detection. The angular location of the centroid, $γ$, and the angular extent of circular pinhole sources, $Θ$, were measured to within errors of $δγ= \pm0.015\,λ/D$ and $δΘ= \pm0.026\,λ/D$. This technique has two advantages over conventional imaging: simple power measurements are made and shorter exposure times may be required to achieve a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Using Quantum entanglement to study CP and CPT violations
Creators: name: Shi, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report some general phenomenological results concerning CP and CPT violations in joint decays of entangled pseudoscalar neutral mesons.
description: 4 pages. Presented at the Sixth Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry, Bloomington, Indiana, June 17-21, 2013
British Columbia Legislative Assembly sessional clipping book (1914-01)
Creators: name: :Unav
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Politics and government
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1919741
subject: Law
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/993678
subject: FOS: Law
subject: British Columbia. Legislative Assembly
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/600765

description: These Sessional Clippings books cover the period 1891 to 1972, and include newspaper accounts written by various legislative reporters who covered debates occurring in the British Columbia Legislative Assembly. Transcripts of debates of the Legislative Assembly (Hansard) were not published in B.C. until 1970; hence these "Sessional Clipping Books" augment the "Journals", the record of daily proceedings of the Legislative Assembly. Selected clippings from various newspapers including the Vancouver Sun, the Vancouver Province, the Colonist, and the Times newspapers, relating to the newspaper reports concerning activities of the Legislature. The original sessional clippings books comprise 351 ledger size print volumes, held at the Legislative Library in Victoria BC. The print volumes were microfilmed onto 26 reels in 1977 under a Tri University Libraries (TRIUL) project by Precision Micrographic Services (Vancouver, B.C.), with the permission of the Legislative Library, Victoria, British Columbia. This digital collection was created by scanning the 26 microfilm reels.
Tests of Lorentz Invariance Using High Energy Astrophysics Observations
Creators: name: Stecker, Floyd W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-energy astrophysics observations provide the best possibilities to detect a very small violation of Lorentz invariance, such as may be related to the structure of space-time near the Planck scale. I discuss the possible signatures of Lorentz invariance violation that can be manifested by observing the spectra, polarization, and timing of gamma-rays from active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts. Other sensitive tests are provided by observations of the spectra of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays and very high-energy neutrinos. I also discuss a new time-of-flight analysis of observations of GRB 090510 by the Fermi gamma-ray Space Telescope. These results, based on high-energy astrophysical observations, have fundamental implications for space-time physics and quantum gravity models.
description: Plenary Talk, Proceedngs of the Sixth Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry (CPT'13)
Placental Genome and Maternal-Placental Genetic Interactions: A Genome-Wide and Candidate Gene Association Study of Placental Abruption
Creators: name: Denis, Marie
name: Enquobahrie, Daniel A.
name: Tadesse, Mahlet G.
name: Gelaye, Bizu
name: Sanchez, Sixto E.
name: Salazar, Manuel
name: Ananth, Cande V.
name: Williams, Michelle A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Placenta--Physiology
subject: Haploidy
subject: Genomics
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Obstetrics
subject: Gynecology

description: While available evidence supports the role of genetics in the pathogenesis of placental abruption (PA), PA-related placental genome variations and maternal-placental genetic interactions have not been investigated. Maternal blood and placental samples collected from participants in the Peruvian Abruptio Placentae Epidemiology study were genotyped using Illumina’s Cardio-Metabochip platform. We examined 118,782 genome-wide SNPs and 333 SNPs in 32 candidate genes from mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways in placental DNA from 280 PA cases and 244 controls. We assessed maternal-placental interactions in the candidate gene SNPS and two imprinted regions (IGF2/H19 and C19MC). Univariate and penalized logistic regression models were fit to estimate odds ratios. We examined the combined effect of multiple SNPs on PA risk using weighted genetic risk scores (WGRS) with repeated ten-fold cross-validations. A multinomial model was used to investigate maternal-placental genetic interactions. In placental genome-wide and candidate gene analyses, no SNP was significant after false discovery rate correction. The top genome-wide association study (GWAS) hits were rs544201, rs1484464 (CTNNA2), rs4149570 (TNFRSF1A) and rs13055470 (ZNRF3) (p-values: 1.11e-05 to 3.54e-05). The top 200 SNPs of the GWAS overrepresented genes involved in cell cycle, growth and proliferation. The top candidate gene hits were rs16949118 (COX10) and rs7609948 (THRB) (p-values: 6.00e-03 and 8.19e-03). Participants in the highest quartile of WGRS based on cross-validations using SNPs selected from the GWAS and candidate gene analyses had a 8.40-fold (95% CI: 5.8–12.56) and a 4.46-fold (95% CI: 2.94–6.72) higher odds of PA compared to participants in the lowest quartile. We found maternal-placental genetic interactions on PA risk for two SNPs in PPARG (chr3∶12313450 and chr3∶12412978) and maternal imprinting effects for multiple SNPs in the C19MC and IGF2/H19 regions. Variations in the placental genome and interactions between maternal-placental genetic variations may contribute to PA risk. Larger studies may help advance our understanding of PA pathogenesis.
3D Global climate model of an exo-Venus: a modern Venus-like atmosphere for the nearby super-Earth LP 890-9 c
Creators: name: Quirino, Diogo
name: Gilli, Gabriella
name: Kaltenegger, Lisa
name: Navarro, Thomas
name: Fauchez, Thomas J.
name: Turbet, Martin
name: Leconte, Jérémy
name: Lebonnois, Sébastien
name: González-Galindo, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently discovered super-Earth LP 890-9 c is an intriguing target for atmospheric studies as it transits a nearby, low-activity late-type M-dwarf star at the inner edge of the Habitable Zone. Its position at the runaway greenhouse limit makes it a natural laboratory to study the climate evolution of hot rocky planets. We present the first 3D-GCM exo-Venus model for a modern Venus-like atmosphere (92 bar surface pressure, realistic composition, H$_2$SO$_4$ radiatively-active clouds), applied to the tidally-locked LP 890-9c to inform observations by JWST and future instruments. If LP 890-9 c has developed into a modern exo-Venus, then the modelled temperatures suggest that H$_2$SO$_4$ clouds are possible even in the substellar region. Like on modern Venus, clouds on LP 890-9 c would create a flat spectrum. The strongest CO$_2$ bands in transmission predicted by our model for LP 890-9 c are about 10 ppm, challenging detection, given JWST estimated noise floor. Estimated phase curve amplitudes are 0.9 and 2.4 ppm for continuum and CO$_2$ bands, respectively. While pointing out the challenge to characterise modern exo-Venus analogues, these results provide new insights for JWST proposals and highlight the influence of clouds in the spectrum of hot rocky exoplanet spectra.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, MNRAS letter
Borrelia burgdorferi Promotes the Establishment of Babesia microti in the Northeastern United States
Creators: name: Dunn, Jessica M.
name: Krause, Peter J.
name: Davis, Stephen
name: Vannier, Edouard G.
name: Fitzpatrick, Meagan C.
name: Rollend, Lindsay
name: Belperron, Alexia A.
name: States, Sarah L.
name: Stacey, Andrew
name: Bockenstedt, Linda K.
name: Fish, Durland
name: Diuk-Wasser, Maria
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nymphs (Insects)
subject: Borrelia burgdorferi
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental sciences

description: Babesia microti and Borrelia burgdorferi, the respective causative agents of human babesiosis and Lyme disease, are maintained in their enzootic cycles by the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) and use the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) as primary reservoir host. The geographic range of both pathogens has expanded in the United States, but the spread of babesiosis has lagged behind that of Lyme disease. Several studies have estimated the basic reproduction number (R0) for B. microti to be below the threshold for persistence (<1), a finding that is inconsistent with the persistence and geographic expansion of this pathogen. We tested the hypothesis that host coinfection with B. burgdorferi increases the likelihood of B. microti transmission and establishment in new areas. We fed I. scapularis larva on P. leucopus mice that had been infected in the laboratory with B. microti and/or B. burgdorferi. We observed that coinfection in mice increases the frequency of B. microti infected ticks. To identify the ecological variables that would increase the probability of B. microti establishment in the field, we integrated our laboratory data with field data on tick burden and feeding activity in an R0 model. Our model predicts that high prevalence of B. burgdorferi infected mice lowers the ecological threshold for B. microti establishment, especially at sites where larval burden on P. leucopus is lower and where larvae feed simultaneously or soon after nymphs infect mice, when most of the transmission enhancement due to coinfection occurs. Our studies suggest that B. burgdorferi contributes to the emergence and expansion of B. microti and provides a model to predict the ecological factors that are sufficient for emergence of B. microti in the wild.
title: Verschidene Gründe warum die Abhaltung eines Landtags in Wirtemberg unvermeidlich seye; [1796]
title: Herrn und Landschaft gewidmet im Dezember 1796
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2015

description: In Fraktur
Serum IgG Antibody Levels to Periodontal Microbiota Are Associated with Incident Alzheimer Disease
Creators: name: Noble, James M.
name: Scarmeas, Nikolaos
name: Celenti, Romanita S.
name: Elkind, Mitchell S.
name: Wright, Clinton B.
name: Schupf, Nicole
name: Papapanou, Panos N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Immunoglobulin G
subject: Periodontitis--Microbiology
subject: Alzheimer's disease
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biology
subject: Epidemiology

description: Background

Periodontitis and Alzheimer disease (AD) are associated with systemic inflammation. This research studied serum IgG to periodontal microbiota as possible predictors of incident AD.

Methods

Using a case-cohort study design, 219 subjects (110 incident AD cases and 109 controls without incident cognitive impairment at last follow-up), matched on race-ethnicity, were drawn from the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP), a cohort of longitudinally followed northern Manhattan residents aged >65 years. Mean follow-up was five years (SD 2.6). In baseline sera, serum IgG levels were determined for bacteria known to be positively or negatively associated with periodontitis (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4, Treponema denticola, Campylobacter rectus, Eubacterium nodatum, and Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies-2). In all analyses, we used antibody threshold levels shown to correlate with presence of moderate-severe periodontitis.

Results

Mean age was 72 years (SD 6.9) for controls, and 79 years (SD 4.6) for cases (p<0.001). Non-Hispanic Whites comprised 26%, non-Hispanic Blacks 27%, and Hispanics 48% of the sample. In a model adjusting for baseline age, sex, education, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, prior history of stroke, and apolipoprotein E genotype, high anti-A. naeslundii titer (>640 ng/ml, present in 10% of subjects) was associated with increased risk of AD (HR = 2.0, 95%CI: 1.1–3.8). This association was stronger after adjusting for other significant titers (HR = 3.1, 95%CI: 1.5–6.4). In this model, high anti-E. nodatum IgG (>1755 ng/ml; 19% of subjects) was associated with lower risk of AD (HR = 0.5, 95%CI: 0.2–0.9).

Conclusions

Serum IgG levels to common periodontal microbiota are associated with risk for developing incident AD.
Interferon Beta and Vitamin D Synergize to Induce Immunoregulatory Receptors on Peripheral Blood Monocytes of Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Creators: name: Waschbisch, Anne
name: Sanderson, Nicholas
name: Krumbholz, Markus
name: Vlad, George
name: Theil, Diethilde
name: Schwab, Stefan
name: Mäurer, Mathias
name: Derfuss, Tobias
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Multiple sclerosis
subject: Immune response--Regulation
subject: Interferon
subject: Monocytes
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cytology

description: Immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT) 3 and 4 are inhibitory receptors that modulate immune responses. Their expression has been reported to be affected by interferon, offering a possible mechanism by which this cytokine exerts its therapeutic effect in multiple sclerosis, a condition thought to involve excessive immune activity. To investigate this possibility, we measured expression of ILT3 and ILT4 on immune cells from multiple sclerosis patients, and in post-mortem brain tissue. We also studied the ability of interferon beta, alone or in combination with vitamin D, to induce upregulation of these receptors in vitro, and compared expression levels between interferon-treated and untreated multiple sclerosis patients. In vitro interferon beta treatment led to a robust upregulation of ILT3 and ILT4 on monocytes, and dihydroxyvitamin D3 increased expression of ILT3 but not ILT4. ILT3 was abundant in demyelinating lesions in postmortem brain, and expression on monocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid was higher than in peripheral blood, suggesting that the central nervous system milieu induces ILT3, or that ILT3 positive monocytes preferentially enter the brain. Our data are consistent with involvement of ILT3 and ILT4 in the modulation of immune responsiveness in multiple sclerosis by both interferon and vitamin D.
The Fermi Bubbles as a Scaled-up Version of Supernova Remnants
Creators: name: Fujita, Yutaka
name: Ohira, Yutaka
name: Yamazaki, Ryo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we treat the Fermi bubbles as a scaled-up version of supernova remnants (SNRs). The bubbles are created through activities of the super-massive black hole (SMBH) or starbursts at the Galactic center (GC). Cosmic-rays (CRs) are accelerated at the forward shocks of the bubbles like SNRs, which means that we cannot decide whether the bubbles were created by the SMBH or starbursts from the radiation from the CRs. We follow the evolution of CR distribution by solving a diffusion-advection equation, considering the reduction of the diffusion coefficient by CR streaming. In this model, gamma-rays are created through hadronic interaction between CR protons and the gas in the Galactic halo. In the GeV band, we can well reproduce the observed flat distribution of gamma-ray surface brightness, because some amount of gas is left behind the shock. The edge of the bubbles is fairly sharp owing to the high gas density behind the shock and the reduction of the diffusion coefficient there. The latter also contributes the hard gamma-ray spectrum of the bubbles. We find that the CR acceleration at the shock has started when the bubbles were small, and the time-scale of the energy injection at the GC was much smaller than the age of the bubbles. We predict that if CRs are accelerated to the TeV regime, the apparent bubble size should be larger in the TeV band, which could be used to discriminate our hadronic model from other leptonic models. We also present neutrino fluxes.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Compilation of U.S. City Climate Adaptation Plans
Creators: name: Lopez-Cantu, Tania
name: Samaras, Constantine
name: Webber, Marissa
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90799 Environmental Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: This document presents a compilation of climate adaptation plans from cities with a population larger a population larger than 300,000 in 2019 according to the U.S. Census Bureau City and Town Population Totals between 2010 and 2019. In addition, we also included the most populated city for each U.S. State to ensure every U.S. State was represented in our assessment. This search was completed by May 2020.
 For each of the 87 cities assessed, but we found only 48 cities that had a standalone climate adaptation plan (or climate assessment report) published before May 2020. 5 out of 48 plans were county-level plans. 1 out of 48 is a regional-level plan.
For the 48 cities, we collected information about whether the city’s local government has published an adaptation plan. We used the pattern “city of XXXX climate adaptation plan” as a keyword, replacing the XXXX symbols with the name of the city, in a Google-based search. We also substituted the word “adaptation” with “resilience” to account for commonly used terms in the climate adaptation and resilience field. We complemented the search by individually looking for climate adaptation plans published in the local government website under the Sustainability or Environment office and also the Georgetown Climate Center database. This search also revealed climatic assessments or action plans for some cities. For our analysis, an adaptation plan differs from an action plan in that the former includes sector-targeted strategies to adapt the dynamic city environment to changing climate conditions, while the latter’s focus is to mitigate greenhouse gases emissions. We considered climate assessment reports as an adaptation plan because these contain information that is intended for decision-making. It is often the case that there is little difference between these two document types (adaptation plans and assessment reports), however, we identified 3 categories: 1) Adaptation plan only, 2) Assessment report only, 3) Adaptation plan and assessment report. As mentioned above, adaptation plans include a list of actions or strategies that the city is planning given changing climate conditions. Information about changing climate conditions come from assessment reports commissioned by the local government or other national and international reports. An assessment report lists the changes in climate variables at the city location and often also include a vulnerability analysis, however, no specific actions are recommended. Finally, an adaptation plan can also include a detailed assessment of the observed and future changes in climate variables at the city.
A Simplified Score to Quantify Comorbidity in COPD
Creators: name: Putcha, Nirupama
name: Puhan, Milo A.
name: Drummond, M. Bradley
name: Han, MeiLan K.
name: Regan, Elizabeth A.
name: Hanania, Nicola A.
name: Martinez, Carlos H.
name: Foreman, Marilyn
name: Bhatt, Surya P.
name: Make, Barry
name: Ramsdell, Joe
name: DeMeo, Dawn L.
name: Barr, R. Graham
name: Rennard, Stephen I.
name: Martinez, Fernando
name: Silverman, Edwin K.
name: Crapo, James
name: Wise, Robert A.
name: Hansel, Nadia N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Lungs--Diseases, Obstructive
Dyspnea
Comorbidity
Epidemiology
Medicine

description: Importance

Comorbidities are common in COPD, but quantifying their burden is difficult. Currently there is a COPD-specific comorbidity index to predict mortality and another to predict general quality of life. We sought to develop and validate a COPD-specific comorbidity score that reflects comorbidity burden on patient-centered outcomes.

Materials and Methods

Using the COPDGene study (GOLD II-IV COPD), we developed comorbidity scores to describe patient-centered outcomes employing three techniques: 1) simple count, 2) weighted score, and 3) weighted score based upon statistical selection procedure. We tested associations, area under the Curve (AUC) and calibration statistics to validate scores internally with outcomes of respiratory disease-specific quality of life (St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, SGRQ), six minute walk distance (6MWD), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea score and exacerbation risk, ultimately choosing one score for external validation in SPIROMICS.

Results

Associations between comorbidities and all outcomes were comparable across the three scores. All scores added predictive ability to models including age, gender, race, current smoking status, pack-years smoked and FEV1 (p<0.001 for all comparisons). Area under the curve (AUC) was similar between all three scores across outcomes: SGRQ (range 0·7624–0·7676), MMRC (0·7590–0·7644), 6MWD (0·7531–0·7560) and exacerbation risk (0·6831–0·6919). Because of similar performance, the comorbidity count was used for external validation. In the SPIROMICS cohort, the comorbidity count performed well to predict SGRQ (AUC 0·7891), MMRC (AUC 0·7611), 6MWD (AUC 0·7086), and exacerbation risk (AUC 0·7341).

Conclusions

Quantifying comorbidity provides a more thorough understanding of the risk for patient-centered outcomes in COPD. A comorbidity count performs well to quantify comorbidity in a diverse population with COPD.
British Columbia Legislative Assembly sessional clipping book (1914-02)
Creators: name: :Unav
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Politics and government
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1919741
subject: British Columbia. Legislative Assembly
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/600765
subject: Law
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/993678
subject: FOS: Law

description: These Sessional Clippings books cover the period 1891 to 1972, and include newspaper accounts written by various legislative reporters who covered debates occurring in the British Columbia Legislative Assembly. Transcripts of debates of the Legislative Assembly (Hansard) were not published in B.C. until 1970; hence these "Sessional Clipping Books" augment the "Journals", the record of daily proceedings of the Legislative Assembly. Selected clippings from various newspapers including the Vancouver Sun, the Vancouver Province, the Colonist, and the Times newspapers, relating to the newspaper reports concerning activities of the Legislature. The original sessional clippings books comprise 351 ledger size print volumes, held at the Legislative Library in Victoria BC. The print volumes were microfilmed onto 26 reels in 1977 under a Tri University Libraries (TRIUL) project by Precision Micrographic Services (Vancouver, B.C.), with the permission of the Legislative Library, Victoria, British Columbia. This digital collection was created by scanning the 26 microfilm reels.
PARP Inhibition Restores Extrinsic Apoptotic Sensitivity in Glioblastoma
Creators: name: Karpel-Massler, Georg
name: Pareja, Fresia
name: Aime, Pascaline
name: Shu, Chang
name: Chau, Lily
name: Westhoff, Mike-Andrew
name: Halatsch, Marc-Eric
name: Crary, John F.
name: Canoll, Peter D.
name: Siegelin, Markus D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Apoptosis
NAD-ADP-ribosyltransferase
Cancer--Treatment--Research
Glioblastoma multiforme
Pathology
Cytology
Oncology

description: Background

Resistance to apoptosis is a paramount issue in the treatment of Glioblastoma (GBM). We show that targeting PARP by the small molecule inhibitors, Olaparib (AZD-2281) or PJ34, reduces proliferation and lowers the apoptotic threshold of GBM cells in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

The sensitizing effects of PARP inhibition on TRAIL-mediated apoptosis and potential toxicity were analyzed using viability assays and flow cytometry in established GBM cell lines, low-passage neurospheres and astrocytes in vitro. Molecular analyses included western blots and gene silencing. In vivo, effects on tumor growth were examined in a murine subcutaneous xenograft model.

Results

The combination treatment of PARP inhibitors and TRAIL led to an increased cell death with activation of caspases and inhibition of formation of neurospheres when compared to single-agent treatment. Mechanistically, pharmacological PARP inhibition elicited a nuclear stress response with up-regulation of down-stream DNA-stress response proteins, e.g., CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) homology protein (CHOP). Furthermore, Olaparib and PJ34 increased protein levels of DR5 in a concentration and time-dependent manner. In turn, siRNA-mediated suppression of DR5 mitigated the effects of TRAIL/PARP inhibitor-mediated apoptosis. In addition, suppression of PARP-1 levels enhanced TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in malignant glioma cells. Treatment of human astrocytes with the combination of TRAIL/PARP inhibitors did not cause toxicity. Finally, the combination treatment of TRAIL and PJ34 significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo when compared to treatment with each agent alone.

Conclusions

PARP inhibition represents a promising avenue to overcome apoptotic resistance in GBM.
MYC Protein Expression in Primary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System
Creators: name: Gill, Kamraan Z.
name: Iwamoto, Fabio M.
name: Allen, Ashleigh
name: Hoehn, Daniela
name: Vundavalli, Murty V.
name: Alobeid, Bachir
name: Bhagat, Govind
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Central nervous system
subject: Lymphomas
subject: Myc proteins
subject: Pathology
subject: Cytology
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS DLBCL) is a rare, aggressive subtype of DLBCL, the biology of which is poorly understood. Recent studies have suggested a prognostic role of MYC protein expression in systemic DLBCL, but little is known about the frequency and significance of MYC protein expression in CNS DLBCL. Hence, we investigated MYC protein expression profiles of CNS DLBCL and assessed the relationship between MYC expression and a variety of histopathologic, immunophenotypic, genetic, and clinical features. Fifty-nine CNS DLBCL diagnosed at our institution over the past 13 years were evaluated. The majority of cases (80%) showed centroblastic morphology, and 12 (20%) displayed a perivascular pattern of infiltration. According to the Hans criteria, 41 (69%) cases had a non-germinal center B-cell and 18 (31%) had a germinal center B-cell cell-of-origin (COO) phenotype. Mean MYC protein expression was 50% (median: 50%, range: 10-80%). Forty-three cases (73%) showed MYC overexpression (≥40%), and 35 (60%) showed MYC/BCL2 coexpression. MYC overexpression was seen in the single case harboring MYC translocation and in the cases showing increased copies of MYC (27%); however, no significant difference in mean MYC expression was seen between groups harboring or lacking MYC aberrations. In our series, age was associated with a significantly increased risk of death, and the perivascular pattern of infiltration was associated with a significantly increased risk of disease progression. Neither MYC expression (with or without BCL2 coexpression) nor other variables, including COO subtype were predictive of clinical outcome. Our findings indicate that the proportion of CNS DLBCL overexpressing MYC is higher compared to systemic DLBCL, and MYC overexpression appears to be independent of genetic MYC abnormalities. Thus, MYC expression and other immunophenotypic markers used for prognostication of systemic DLBCL might not apply to CNS DLBCL due to differences in disease biology.
Persistent Associations between Maternal Prenatal Exposure to Phthalates on Child IQ at Age 7 Years
Creators: name: Factor-Litvak, Pam
name: Insel, Beverly J.
name: Calafat, Antonia M.
name: Liu, Xinhua
name: Perera, Frederica P.
name: Rauh, Virginia A.
name: Whyatt, Robin M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Metabolites
Phthalate esters--Toxicology
Children--Intelligence levels
Epidemiology
Public health

description: Background

Prior research reports inverse associations between maternal prenatal urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and mental and motor development in preschoolers. No study evaluated whether these associations persist into school age.

Methods

In a follow up of 328 inner-city mothers and their children, we measured prenatal urinary metabolites of di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP), di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and diethyl phthalate in late pregnancy. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition was administered at child age 7 years and evaluates four areas of cognitive function associated with overall intelligence quotient (IQ).

Results

Child full-scale IQ was inversely associated with prenatal urinary metabolite concentrations of DnBP and DiBP: b = −2.69 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −4.33, −1.05) and b = −2.69 (95% CI = −4.22, −1.16) per log unit increase. Among children of mothers with the highest versus lowest quartile DnBP and DiBP metabolite concentrations, IQ was 6.7 (95% CI = 1.9, 11.4) and 7.6 (95% CI = 3.2, 12.1) points lower, respectively. Associations were unchanged after control for cognition at age 3 years. Significant inverse associations were also seen between maternal prenatal metabolite concentrations of DnBP and DiBP and child processing speed, perceptual reasoning and working memory; DiBP and child verbal comprehension; and BBzP and child perceptual reasoning.

Conclusion

Maternal prenatal urinary metabolite concentrations measured in late pregnancy of DnBP and DiBP are associated with deficits in children’s intellectual development at age 7 years. Because phthalate exposures are ubiquitous and concentrations seen here within the range previously observed among general populations, results are of public health significance.
Creatinine, Arsenic Metabolism, and Renal Function in an Arsenic-Exposed Population in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Peters, Brandilyn Anna
name: Hall, Megan N.
name: Liu, Xinhua
name: Neugut, Yael Dana
name: Pilsner, J. Richard
name: Levy, Diane K.
name: Ilievski, Vesna
name: Slavkovich, Vesna N.
name: Islam, Tariqul
name: Factor-Litvak, Pam
name: Graziano, Joseph
name: Gamble, Mary
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Kidneys--Diseases
Creatinine
Arsenic--Toxicology
Arsenic--Health aspects
Environmental health
Biometry

description: Kidney disease is emerging as an arsenic (As)-linked disease outcome, however further evidence of this association is warranted. Our first objective for this paper was to examine the potential renal toxicity of As exposure in Bangladesh. Our second objective relates to examining whether the previously reported positive association between urinary creatinine (uCrn) and As methylation may be explained by renal function. We had hypothesized that these associations relate to supply and demand for s-adenosylmethionine, the methyl donor for both creatine synthesis and As methylation. Alternatively, renal function could influence both As and creatinine excretion, or the As metabolites may influence renal function, which in turn influences uCrn. We conducted a cross-sectional study (N = 478) of adults, composed of a sample recruited in 2001 and a sample recruited in 2003. We assessed renal function using plasma cystatin C, and calculated the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Consistent with renal toxicity of As, log-uAs had a marginal inverse association with eGFR in the 2003 sample (b = −5.6, p = 0.07), however this association was not significant in the 2001 sample (b = −1.9, p = 0.24). Adjustment for eGFR did not alter the associations between uCrn and the %uAs metabolites, indicating that GFR does not explain these associations. Increased eGFR was associated with increased odds of having %uInAs >12.2% (2001: OR = 1.01, 95%CI (1.00,1.03); 2003: OR = 1.04, 95%CI (1.01,1.07)). In the 2003 sample only, there was a negative association between eGFR and %uDMA (b = −0.08, p = 0.02). These results may indicate differential effects of renal function on excretion of InAs and DMA. Alternatively, a certain methylation pattern, involving decreased %InAs and increased %DMA, may reduce renal function. Given that these studies were cross-sectional, we cannot distinguish between these two possibilities. Discrepancies between the samples may be due to the higher As exposure, poorer nutrition, and lower As methylation capacity in the 2003 sample.
Edge states of a three-dimensional topological insulator
Creators: name: Deb, Oindrila
name: Soori, Abhiram
name: Sen, Diptiman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the bulk Hamiltonian for a three-dimensional topological insulator such as $\rm Bi_2 Se_3$ to study the states which appear on its various surfaces and along the edge between two surfaces. We use both analytical methods based on the surface Hamiltonians (which are derived from the bulk Hamiltonian) and numerical methods based on a lattice discretization of the bulk Hamiltonian. We find that the application of a potential along an edge can give rise to states localized at that edge. These states have an unusual energy-momentum dispersion which can be controlled by applying a potential along the edge; in particular, the velocity of these states can be tuned to zero. The scattering across the edge is studied as a function of the edge potential. We show that a magnetic field in a particular direction can also give rise to zero energy states on certain edges. We point out possible experimental ways of looking for the various edge states.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures