cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The effects of waterponding on the reclamation of degraded scalds in the semi-arid rangelands of N.S.W.
Creators: name: Ditchfield, Ross
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Land degradation -- Australia -- Nyngan (N.S.W.) -- Marra Creek
subject: Claypan soils -- Australia -- Nyngan (N.S.W.) -- Marra Creek
subject: Agricultural landscape management -- Australia -- Nyngan (N.S.W.) -- Marra Creek
subject: Soil restoration -- Australia -- Nyngan (N.S.W.) -- Marra Creek
subject: Nyngan (N.S.W.)

description: Soil erosion as a result of extensive overgrazing and the subsequent reduction in vegetation cover is seriously affecting the long term ecological and economic sustainability of the grazing industry. Where this occurs on saline-sodic soils, the loss of the Ai horizon and consequent exposure of the silty A2 horizon, results in the creation of an impervious crust over the clayey B horizon. The resultant scald is an extremely hostile environment for plants. Currently 10%, or the semi-arid rangelands of western NSW is affected by scalding. A lack of water in the soil profile is the primary factor restricting plant reestablishment on scalds. Although the A2 is thin, it reduces infiltration rates dramatically, so that water is quickly lost from the scald surface by runoff and evaporation. Waterponding, whereby U-shaped banks are formed on the scald surface to create shallow ponds approximately 0.5ha in area, is arguably the most effective method of scald reclamation. These ponds trap rain, allowing greater opportunity for infiltration and thus leaching of salts from the upper soil profile. The leaching reduces the structural stability of the upper soil profile and encourages shrink-swell processes to occur, with the subsequent formation of cracks. These cracks enable water to by pass the crust, thereby improving the water availability and likelihood of reestablishment of vegetation on the pond. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of spatial and temporal factors on the above soil processes and vegetation characteristics. The study area, covering approximately 1 800 km^, is located on the Bogan River/Marra Creek/Macquarie River flood plain, approximately 100 km north of Nyngan, NSW. Between September 1995 and March 1996, soil and vegetation data were collected at 9 sites from both ponds and their adjacent scalds. The ponds range in age from 6 months to 31 years. Changes in soil and vegetation properties after these different periods of waterponding were measured. The success of reclamation was assessed in terms of vegetation and soil response to ponding.
Edolius crishna Latham
Creators: name: Vigors, N. A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1836
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Cuculiformes
Cuculidae
Edolius
Edolius crishna

description: Edolius Crishna. Ed. velutino-ater viridi metallic^ (praesertim ad alas') splendens; gutturis plumis sublanceolatis, viridibus; capite pilis longissimis pluribus ornato -, rectricum externarum vexillis spiraliter intortis.
 Long. tot. (rectricibus externis exclusis) 12 une.; rostri, l⅝; alce, 7; caudae, 6; tarsi, 1.
 Crishna Crow, Lath., Hist.
Hab. in Nepaliâ.
 The bill of this species is more cultratcd and lengthened than is usual in the genus. The outer feathers of the tail, which are spirally reflected inwards, are not so much produced as those of Ed. Malabaricus. A very curious character is furnished by the long, hair-like, black filaments which spring from the head and measure nearly 4 inches in length.
description: Published as part of Vigors, N. A., 1836, January 26, 1836, pp. 5-8 in Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1836 on page 5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7457546
Office development in the central city
Creators: name: Kemp, Derek Craven
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1979
Subjects: subject: Central business districts -- Australia
subject: Land use, Urban
subject: Land use, Urban -- Australia -- Melbourne (Vic.)
subject: Real estate investment

description: This study pursues the thesis that the conventional concepts of urban ecology and land economics should not be invoked to explain the distribution of office space in the central city. First, it is argued that the concept of general metropolitan accessibility provides an unsatisfactory basis for explaining the continued concentration of office activities in the central city. Second,it is wrong to assume that the occupiers of office space were responsible for its development and therefore competed on the land market. Third, it is argued that the mechanisms implied in the graphical models used to describe competitive bidding are misleading for describing the operation of property markets controlled by investors. Finally, it is concluded that intermediaries in the property market played an important in perpetuating the concentration of office activities in the central city. 4 In presenting these arguments a new paradigm of office location is introduced. It is argued that office activities concentrated in the central city to gain the agglomeration advantages of local accessibility, functional convenience and prestige. The introduction of insurance companies and property companies as intermediaries in the office market perpetuated office concentration by providing rental accommodation and forcing owner-occupiers to assume the role of investors. The increased concentration of office space in established office districts allowed office activities to cluster more closely together and therefore enhanced the local agglomeration advantages of the central city. In addition a new model is introduced to explain the operation of land markets controlled by investors. It is argued that major investors used their financial strength to financially exclude rivals from low risk locations. A profit niche existed in areas where demand was high and competition from major investors was low. This allowed smaller rivals with limited financial resources to enter the property market. Beyond this area demand was lower and the profit niche disappeared so that the users of space were left to develop their own premises or modify existing buildings.
Direct observation of pore collapse and tensile stress generation on pore wall due to salt crystallization
Creators: name: Naillon, Antoine
name: Joseph, Pierre
name: Prat, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generation of stress in a pore due to salt crystallization is generally analysed as a compressive stress generation mechanism using the concept of crystallization pressure. We report on a completely different stress generation mechanism. In contrast with the classical picture where the crystal pushes the pore wall, the crystal growth leads to the generation of a local tensile stress. This tensile stress occurs next to a region where a compressive stress is generated, thus inducing also shear stresses. The tensile stress generation is attributed to capillary effects in the thin film confined between the crystal and the pore wall. These findings are obtained from direct optical observations in model pores where the tensile stress generation results in the collapse of the pore region located between the crystal and the pore dead-end. The experiments also reveal other interesting phenomena, such as the hyperslow drying in PDMS channels or the asymmetrical growth of the crystal during the collapse.
Strict liability for the wrongdoing of another in tort
Creators: name: Beuermann, Christine
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: KN30.B48 2012 ANU
subject: Torts
subject: Strict liability

description: This thesis adopts a novel approach to resolving the present difficulties experienced by the courts in determining whether to impose strict liability for the wrongdoing of another in tort. It looks beyond the traditional classifications of 'vicarious liability' and 'liability for breach of a non-delegable duty of care' and for the first time seeks to explain all instances of strict liability for the wrongdoing of another in tort in terms of the various relationships in which the courts impose such liability. The thesis shows that, despite appearances, there is a unifying feature to the various relationships in which the courts currently impose strict liability for the wrongdoing of another in tort. That feature is authority. Whenever the courts impose strict liability for the wrongdoing of another in tort, the defendant is either vested with authority over the person who wrongfully harmed the plaintiff or has vested or conferred a form of authority upon that person in respect of the plaintiff. This thesis uses this feature of authority to construct a new expositive framework within which strict liability for the wrongdoing of another in tort can be understood. - provided by Candidate.
The Gamma-Ray Properties of Unidentified EGRET Sources
Creators: name: Reimer, Olaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although the majority of gamma-ray sources still remain unidentified, we have various kinds of information to characterize the observational properties of unidentified EGRET sources. Despite astronomical properties like locations of individual sources or the collective arrangement of the class as such, the nine years of CGRO observations provide the ability to investigate flux variability at different timescales, enable us to perform periodicity searches, determine gamma-ray source spectra between 30 MeV and 10 GeV and even investigate spectral variability. The basic observational properties of unidentified high-energy gamma-ray sources discovered by EGRET are reviewed. Various instrumental and observational peculiarities affecting the interpretation of the EGRET data are pointed out, also describing the way such biases might affect scientific conclusions drawn from the EGRET data.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, To appear in the proceedings of the workshop: "The Nature of the Unidentified Galactic Gamma-Ray Sources" held at INAOE, Mexico, October 2000 (Ed. A.Carraminana, O.Reimer, and D.J.Thompson)
Evolution of the quasiparticle spectral function in cuprates
Creators: name: Misra, S.
name: Gatt, R.
name: Schmauder, T.
name: Chubukov, Andrey V.
name: Onellion, M.
name: Zacchigna, M.
name: Vobornik, I.
name: Zwick, F.
name: Grioni, M.
name: Margaritondo, G.
name: Quitmann, C.
name: Kendziora, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyzed photoemssion data for several doping levels of the Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+x} compounds, ranging from overdoped to underdoped. We show that the high frequency part of the spectra near (0,π) can be described by Fermi liquid theory in the overdoped regime, but exhibits a non-Fermi liquid behavior in the underdoped regime. We further demonstrate that this novel behavior fits reasonably well to a 1/\sqrtω behavior suggested for systems with strong spin fluctuations.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures (EPS), RevTeX, submitted to Phys Rev B RC
Paradoxornis flavirostris Gould 1836
Creators: name: Barlow. J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1836
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Sylviidae
Paradoxornis
Paradoxornis flavirostris

description: P aradoxornis flavirostris
. Par. arenaceo-brunneus, subtùs pallidior; capite nuchdque rvfo-brunneis; auribus partim aterrimis; facie guttureque albis nigro variis; pectore nigro.
 Long. tot. 8 une.; alce, 3⅛; caudoe, 4⅛; tarsi, l ⅛; hallncis (ar ­ cuati), ⅜.
 Rostrum splendide aurantiaco-flavum; pedes coerulescentes.
 Hab. (verosimiliter) in Nepaliâ.
 Mr. Gould regarded another of the Birds exhibited as the representative of a new type among the Thrushes; and characterized it as the type of the genus
description: Published as part of Barlow. J., 1836, February 23, 1836, pp. 17-24 in Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1836 on page 7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7458114
Hamiltonian Description of Composite Fermions: Aftermath
Creators: name: Shankar, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Lowest Landau Level (LLL), long distance theory of Composite Fermions (CF) developed by Murthy and myself is minimally extended to all distances, guided by very general principles. The resulting theory is mathematically consistent, and physically appealing: we clearly see the electron and the vortices binding to form the CF. The meaning of the constraints, their role in ensuring compressibility of dipolar objects at $ν=1/2$, and the observability of dipoles are clarified.
description: Revised for publication in PRL, 4 - epsilon pages
Are granular materials simple? An experimental study of strain gradient effects and localization
Creators: name: Kuhn, Matthew R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments test the dependence of shearing stress on the first two gradients of shear strain. The tests were conducted by direct numerical simulation using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) on a large two-dimensional (2D) assembly of circular disks. The assembly was coerced into non-uniformly deformed shapes by applying body forces to the material region. The tests show that shearing stress is affected by both the first and second gradients of shear strain, and the measured responses to strain and its gradients are all incrementally non-linear. The dilation rate is unaffected by strain gradients. Particle rotations, although highly erratic, are, on average, consistent with the mean-field rotation and unaffected by strain gradients. In independent unconstrained tests, the material was sheared without body forces so that localization could freely occur. Three localization patterns were observed: microbands at very small strains; non-persistent shear bands at moderate strains; and persistent bands at large strains. The observed features of microbands and shear bands are consistent with the measured influences of shearing strain and its first two derivatives.
The calculation of the impurity entropy for the exactly solvable two-channel Kondo model
Creators: name: Rozhkov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper the entropy of the two-channel Kondo impurity is calculated. We demonstrate that the exactly solvable system of finite size can be described in terms of free fermions. None of these fermions is Majorana fermion. This allows us to find the impurity entropy $S(T, L)$ for arbitrary values of $T$ and $L$. As found before, $S(T=0, L=\infty)$ equals to $(1/2)\ln 2$. For finite $L$ the entropy shows a cross-over to the infinite-size behavior at $T>T_L=v_F/L$, in agreement with results of other researchers.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, the title is changed, some changes in the paper text, two references are added
Integrable Floquet Hamiltonian for a Periodically Tilted 1D Gas
Creators: name: Colcelli, Andrea
name: Mussardo, Giuseppe
name: Sierra, German
name: Trombettoni, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An integrable model subjected to a periodic driving gives rise generally to a non-integrable Floquet Hamiltonian. Here we show that the Floquet Hamiltonian of the integrable Lieb--Liniger model in presence of a linear potential with a periodic time--dependent strength is instead integrable and its quasi-energies can be determined using the Bethe ansatz approach. We discuss various aspects of the dynamics of the system at stroboscopic times and we also propose a possible experimental realisation of the periodically driven tilting in terms of a shaken rotated ring potential.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures
Actinodura egertoni Gould 1836
Creators: name: Barlow. J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1836
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Leiothrichidae
Actinodura
Actinodura egertoni

description: Actinodura Egertoni
. Act. cristata; suprà nitidè rufo-brunnea olivaceo tincta, subtùs pallide rufo-brunnea; cristd, occipite, genisque brunnescenti-cinereis; remigibus ad basin rufis, pogoniis nigro flavoque fasciatis; secundariis nigro brunneoque fasciatis; rectricibus sordidi rufo-brunneis, lineis saturatioribus transversim notatis, alboque apiculatis. ■
 Long. tot. 8½ unc.; alae, 3 ⅜; caudce, 4 ¾; tarsi, l⅜; rostri, 1.
 Rostrum pedesque brunnei.
 Hab. in Nepaliâ.
The specimen described was presented to the Society by Sir P. Grey Egerton, Bart., M. P.
description: Published as part of Barlow. J., 1836, February 23, 1836, pp. 17-24 in Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1836 on page 8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7458114
The Kurūmbā Origin Of The Pallavar
Creators: name: RODRIGUES, TENSING CARLOS
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: History
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Archaeology
subject: Geography
subject: Sociology

description: However obscure the source of the Mackenzie Manuscripts the above extract is a rich source of information about the very early history of the Deccan; let us analyse it threadbare. ‘After the deluge’ means at the beginning, referring to the early pre-history. ‘the country was a vast forest, inhabited by wild beasts’ fits well into the image of Deccan that emerges from Hwen Thsang’s ‘a great forest which is infested with savage animals and desert’ and Al-Beruni’s ‘an animal called sharava larger than a ganda.’ [Beal, 1911 :The Life of Hiuen-Tsiang by the Shaman Hwui Li, 146; Sachau, 1910 : Alberuni’s India, 203] ‘A wild race of men arose; and, destroying the wild beasts, dwelt in certain districts. … men were naked savages’ matches the description of vēdar we have encountered earlier. [Stuart, 1895 : Madras District Manuals – North Arcot, Vol. 1, 234; Thurston, 1909 : Castes And Tribes Of Southern India, Vol. 7, 332] ‘Many years after, the Curumbars arose in the Carnāta country’; that confirms our hypothesis that the kur followed the vēd in Deccan. ‘… they were murderers’; that is what the tāmiḷ texts said about the vaḍukar. ‘They chose a man (who) was called Camanda Curumba Prabhu, and Palal Rāja’; could the name pallavar have been derived from ‘Palal’ ? ‘While they were ruling, there was a commerce carried on by ships’; that conforms to what we know about the Pallavar. The extensive, massive and fabulous heritage of Māmallapuram is a living testimony to their trading success; ‘Traditions state that a very considerable sea-trade was carried on by them with foreign countries’ says Stuart in the quotation above. One may find it difficult to reconcile the present thoroughly ‘brāmhaṇ’ character of the Shore Temple and other sculptures at Māmallapuram with the kur origin of the Pallavar; the fact is that the artefacts have undergone destructive modifications over the last eleven centuries. [Dehejia et al, 2010 : Addition, Erasure, and Adaptation : Interventions in the Rock-Cut Monuments of Māmallapuram, in Archives of Asian Art, Vol 60, 9]
The Ethics of Rust: an interpretation of Ruskin's gothic
Creators: name: Hughes, Peter
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Ruskin
gothic
classicism
craft
ornament
decoration
design
architecture
ecology
environment
biophilia
industrialisation
industrialization
mass production

description: The aim of the thesis is to demonstrate that the critical theories of John Ruskin have a particular interest to us at the end of the 20th century. The basis for this claim is that Ruskin’s mode of thought was essentially ecological. By this I do not mean to suggest that he was simply interested in nature conservation or environmental degradation. Rather, the term “ecological” is used to refer to a much broader paradigm shift. The thesis has three chapters, the 1st of which deals with broad cosmological issues. It traces an ecological pattern of thought in Ruskin’s critical writing, and defines ecology as a paradigm shift, in contrast to instrumental varieties of environmentalism. It shows how different understandings of nature are reflected, and reflect, understandings of human society and culture. The 2nd chapter examines Ruskin’s use of Gothic and Classical architecture as metaphors to describe these different world views. The Classical is made to represent a mechanistic and atomistic conception of reality which focuses on universals and mathematical abstraction. The Ruskinian Gothic represents a holistic and ecological conception of reality which focuses on the contingent and specific, and is rooted in the concrete experience of reality. The 3rd chapter seeks to demonstrate that these broad ecological concerns - through Ruskin’s interpretation of the Gothic - locate his theories about ornament within a broader critique of industrial civilisation. Because Ruskin saw ornament as essentially intermediary, located in the individual’s experience of nature, society and history, he believed it to be profoundly incompatible with industrial production. In this respect he was unlike contemporaries who sought to find a new ornamental style suited to the industrial era. Ultimately, Ruskin believed that art could not change the world, but argued that if the world wanted art it would have to change.
Generalised hypergeometric ensembles of random graphs: the configuration model as an urn problem
Creators: name: Casiraghi, Giona
name: Nanumyan, Vahan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 05C80, 60C05

description: We introduce a broad class of random graph models: the generalised hypergeometric ensemble (GHypEG). This class enables to solve some long standing problems in random graph theory. First, GHypEG provides an elegant and compact formulation of the well-known configuration model in terms of an urn problem. Second, GHypEG allows to incorporate arbitrary tendencies to connect different vertex pairs. Third, we present the closed-form expressions of the associated probability distribution ensures the analytical tractability of our formulation. This is in stark contrast with the previous state-of-the-art, which is to implement the configuration model by means of computationally expensive procedures.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures
Stability, bifurcation, and softening in discrete systems: A conceptual approach for granular materials
Creators: name: Kuhn, Matthew R.
name: Chang, Ching S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Matrix stiffness expressions are derived for the particle movements in an assembly of rigid granules having compliant contacts. The derivations include stiffness terms that arise from the particle shapes at their contacts. These geometric stiffness terms may become significant during granular failure. The geometric stiffness must be added to the mechanical stiffnesses of the contacts to produce the complete stiffness. With frictional contacts, this stiffness expression is incrementally nonlinear, having multiple loading branches. To aid the study of material behavior, a modified stiffness is derived for isolated granular clusters that are considered detached from the rest of a granular body. Criteria are presented for bifurcation, instability, and softening of such isolated and discrete granular sub-regions. Examples show that instability and softening can result entirely from the geometric terms in the matrix stiffness.
Corvus pectoralis Gould 1836
Creators: name: Barlow. J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1836
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Corvidae
Corvus
Corvus pectoralis

description: Corvus pectoralis
. Corv. niger coeruleo iridescens; macula nuchali latd fascidque lunatd pectorali albis.
 Long. tot. 17 une.; rostri, 2j; alce, 11⅜; caudae, 7-J-; tarsi, 2 ⅛.
 Rostrum pedescpie nigri.
 Hab. in China.
 Statura Corv. Corone.
description: Published as part of Barlow. J., 1836, February 23, 1836, pp. 17-24 in Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1836 on page 8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7458114
Thermal Transport in MoS$_2$ from Molecular Dynamics using Different Empirical Potentials
Creators: name: Xu, Ke
name: Gabourie, Alexander J.
name: Hashemi, Arsalan
name: Fan, Zheyong
name: Wei, Ning
name: Farimani, Amir Barati
name: Komsa, Hannu-Pekka
name: Krasheninnikov, Arkady V.
name: Pop, Eric
name: Ala-Nissila, Tapio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal properties of molybdenum disulfide (MoS$_2$) have recently attracted attention related to fundamentals of heat propagation in strongly anisotropic materials, and in the context of potential applications to optoelectronics and thermoelectrics. Multiple empirical potentials have been developed for classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of this material, but it has been unclear which provides the most realistic results. Here, we calculate lattice thermal conductivity of single- and multi-layer pristine MoS$_2$ by employing three different thermal transport MD methods: equilibrium, nonequilibrium, and homogeneous nonequilibrium ones. These methods allow us to verify the consistency of our results and also facilitate comparisons with previous works, where different schemes have been adopted. Our results using variants of the Stillinger-Weber potential are at odds with some previous ones and we analyze the possible origins of the discrepancies in detail. We show that, among the potentials considered here, the reactive empirical bond order (REBO) potential gives the most reasonable predictions of thermal transport properties as compared to experimental data. With the REBO potential, we further find that isotope scattering has only a small effect on thermal conduction in MoS$_2$ and the in-plane thermal conductivity decreases with increasing layer number and saturates beyond about three layers. We identify the REBO potential as a transferable empirical potential for MD simulations of MoS$_2$ which can be used to study thermal transport properties in more complicated situations such as in systems containing defects or engineered nanoscale features. This work establishes a firm foundation for understanding heat transport properties of MoS$_2$ using MD simulations.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Mapping of the SZ effect in the cluster Cl 0016+16 with the Ryle Telescope
Creators: name: Grainge, K.
name: Grainger, W. F.
name: Jones, M. E.
name: Kneissl, R.
name: Pooley, G. G.
name: Saunders, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have mapped the high-redshift (z = 0.546) cluster Cl 0016+16 with the Ryle Telescope at 15 GHz. The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich decrement is clearly detected, and resolved. We combine our data with an X-ray image from ROSAT, and a gas temperature from ASCA to estimate the Hubble Constant H0 = 69 +21/-16 km/s/Mpc for an Omega_M=1.0 cosmology or H0 = 84 +25/-19 km/s/Mpc for Omega_M=0.3 and Omega_Lambda=0.7.
description: 10 pages, 2 tables, 6 figures Submitted to MNRAS
Anisotropic work function of elemental crystals
Creators: name: Tran, Richard
name: Li, Xiang-Guo
name: Montoya, Joseph
name: Winston, Donald
name: Persson, Kristin Aslaug
name: Ong, Shyue Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The work function is a fundamental electronic property of a solid that varies with the facets of a crystalline surface. It is a crucial parameter in spectroscopy as well as materials design, especially for technologies such as thermionic electron guns and Schottky barriers. In this work, we present the largest database of calculated work functions for elemental crystals to date. This database contains the anisotropic work functions of more than 100 polymorphs of about 72 elements and up to a maximum Miller index of two and three for non-cubic and cubic crystals, respectively. The database has been rigorously validated against previous experimental and computational data where available. We also propose a weighted work function based on the Wulff shape that can be compared to measurements from polycrystalline specimens, and show that this weighted work function can be modeled empirically using simple atomic parameters. Furthermore, for the first time, we were able to analyze simple bond breaking rules for metallic systems beyond a maximum Miller index of one, allowing for a more generalized investigation of work function anisotropy.
reentrance effect in normal-metal/superconducting hybrid loops
Creators: name: Chien, C. -J.
name: Chandrasekhar, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the transport properties of two mesoscopic hybrid loops composed of a normal-metal arm and a superconducting arm. The samples differed in the transmittance of the normal/superconducting interfaces. While the low transmittance sample showed monotonic behavior in the low temperature resistance, magnetoresistance and differential resistance, the high transmittance sample showed reentrant behavior in all three measurements. This reentrant behavior is due to coherent Andreev reflection at the normal/superconducting interfaces. We compare the reentrance effect for the three different measurements and discuss the results based on the theory of quasiclassical Green's functions.
Boundary critical behaviour of two-dimensional random Ising models
Creators: name: Igloi, F.
name: Lajko, P.
name: Selke, W.
name: Szalma, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Monte Carlo techniques and a star-triangle transformation, Ising models with random, 'strong' and 'weak', nearest-neighbour ferromagnetic couplings on a square lattice with a (1,1) surface are studied near the phase transition. Both surface and bulk critical properties are investigated. In particular, the critical exponents of the surface magnetization, 'beta_1', of the correlation length, 'nu', and of the critical surface correlations, 'eta_{\parallel}', are analysed.
description: 16 pages in ioplppt style, 7 ps figures, submitted to J. Phys. A
Corvus curvirostris Gould 1836
Creators: name: Barlow. J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1836
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Corvidae
Corvus
Corvus curvirostris

description: Corvus curvirostris. Corv. niger chalybeo-coeruleo purpureoque iridescens; maculd dorsali fascidque latd ventrali albis.
 Long. tot. 17 une.; rostri, 2}; alce, 12}; caudce, 7-J-; tarsi, 2 ⅛.
 Rostrum pedesc\ae. nigri.
 Hab. in Africa Occidentali.
 Nearly allied to the Corv. scapulatus, Daud., a species of Southern Africa; but smaller in all its proportions, and possessing a bill which is rather feeble and considerably curved.
description: Published as part of Barlow. J., 1836, February 23, 1836, pp. 17-24 in Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1836 on page 8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7458114
The life and work of C.H. Pearson, 1830-1894
Creators: name: Tregenza, John
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1959
Subjects: C H Pearson
Pearson, Charles Henry,
Education History
Victoria Politics and government 1861-1891

description: This thesis is a biography of a nineteenth century Fellow of Oriel who emigrated to Australia in middle age and laboured there for most of his remaining years as educational pioneer and reformer, liberal politician, and journalist. There have been two principle aims: to show how his liberals ideas evolved, first in England, later in his wide travels, later still in his varied experiences of colonial life; then to show how he attempted to put his ideas into practice. He is first shown growing up in the Evangelical tradition, then coming into contact with the High Churchmanship of Professor Brewer, the Christian Socialism of F. D. Maurice, the free-thinking of his uncle Bebington; then attempting to follow Goethe in a search for all-round culture, lecturing in History, writing an eye-witness account of the Polish insurrection against Russia in 1863; then suddenly throwing up the Old World for the New and buying a South Australian farm, returning to England defeated by drought, but impressed by the fruits of democracy, seeking satisfaction again in travel and in medieval scholarship, returning once more to his colonial farm, marrying, being obliged for his wife's health to live in Melbourne, lecturing, acting as foundation headmaster of the first Australian school to provide a first-class education for girls; then plunging into politics and attempting to implement radical reforms of the land laws, the constitution and the colony's whole education system from the University to the Reformatory Schools; then experiencing a lean period, drawn once more to England but coming back to take the Education portfolio and to carry on the work he had begun - extending technical education, seeing to the foundation of a Teachers' College, resisting attempts to change the secular character of the State education curriculum; finally returning to England, sick, and deprived of most of his savings by the 1890's depression, but able to enjoy a last few months of fame following the publication of a book summarizing his experiences and accurately predicting the sort of world the next two or three generations would have either to enjoy or endure.
Naked singularities in Tolman-Bondi-de Sitter collapse
Creators: name: Goncalves, Sergio M. C. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the formation of central naked singularities in spherical dust collapse with a cosmological constant. We find that the central curvature singularity is locally naked, Tipler strong, and generic, in the sense that it forms from a non-zero-measure set of regular initial data. We also find that the Weyl and Ricci curvature scalars diverge at the singularity, with the former dominating over the latter, thereby signaling the non-local origin of the singularity.
description: 8 pages, RevTeX, 1 eps figure; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Micro-mechanics of fabric and failure in granular materials
Creators: name: Kuhn, Matthew R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper addresses the underlying source of two forms of induced anisotropy in granular materials: contact orientation anisotropy and contact force anisotropy. A rational, mathematical structure is reviewed for the manner in which fabric anisotropy emerges and evolves during loading. Fabric is expressed as an orientation density, and transport phenomena such as convection, contact generation, and diffusion control the rate of fabric evolution during loading. The paper proposes specific measurable forms for all terms, based upon the micro-mechanics of particle interactions. Discrete element (DEM) simulations are used to verify and quantify these terms, so that the theory can be applied to general loading conditions. The DEM simulations are of densely packed durable spheres, and the emphasis is on soil behavior at large strains, specifically on fabric and strength at the critical state. Once the theory has been developed and quantified, it is applied to predict the effect of the intermediate principal stress on strength.
The radio source counts at 15 GHz and their implications for cm-wave CMB imaging
Creators: name: Taylor, Angela C.
name: Grainge, Keith
name: Jones, Michael E.
name: Pooley, G. G.
name: Saunders, Richard
name: Waldram, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the preliminary results of a new survey of radio sources using the Ryle telescope at 15.2 GHz. This is the highest frequency at which a survey has been done that is relevant to the issue of radio source contamination in CMB experiments. The differential source count of the 66 sources found in 63 sqdeg is 80(S/Jy)^-2 /Jy/sr from about 20 to 500 mJy. Extrapolating this to 34 GHz (where many cm-wave CMB experiments operate) gives an estimated temperature contribution from sources of 9 microK in a CMB image, with a beam corresponding to multipole l=500. A means of source subtraction is evidently necessary, otherwise the signal-to-noise ratio in CMB images will be limited to 4 or 5, becoming worse at higher resolution. We compare the population of sources observed in this new survey to that predicted by extrapolation from lower frequency surveys, finding that source fluxes, and indeed the existence of many sources, cannot be determined by extrapolation.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Sinusoidal-signal detection by active, noisy oscillators on the brink of self-oscillation
Creators: name: Maoiléidigh, Dáibhid Ó
name: Hudspeth, AJ
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Determining the conditions under which an active system best detects sinusoidal signals is important for numerous fields. It is known that a quiescent, deterministic system possessing a supercritical Hopf bifurcation is more sensitive to sinusoidal stimuli the closer it operates to the bifurcation. To understand signal detection in many natural settings, however, noise must be taken into account. We study the Fokker-Planck equation describing the sinusoidally forced dynamics of a noisy supercritical or subcritical Hopf oscillator. To distinguish an oscillator's motion owing to sinusoidal forcing from that provoked by noise, we employ the phase-locked amplitude and vector strength, which are zero in the absence of an external signal. The phase-locked amplitude and entrainment to frequency-detuned forcing but not resonant forcing peak as functions of the control parameter. These peaks occur near but not at the bifurcations. Moreover, an oscillator can detect stimuli over the broadest frequency range when it spontaneously oscillates near a Hopf bifurcation. Although noise exerts the greatest effect on the phase-locked amplitude when a Hopf oscillator is near a Hopf bifurcation, the oscillator nevertheless performs best as a sinusoidal-signal detector when it operates close to the bifurcation. The oscillator's ability to differentiate detuned signals from noise is greatest with it autonomously oscillates near to but not at the bifurcation.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures
Acerodon mackloti subsp. alorensis Andersen, 1909, subsp. n.
Creators: name: Andersen, Knud
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1909
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Pteropodidae
Acerodon
Acerodon mackloti
Acerodon mackloti alorensis

description: Acerodon mackloti alorensis, subsp. n.
 Skull and teeth as in A. m. mackloti and floresii (skull of type, total length 7 T 8 mm.; maxillary tooth-row, c-nd 29’7; m1, length 5’8, breadth 4'5), but external dimensions larger: forearm 156 mm., against 139-146 in nine adult specimens of the allied forms. Colour of fur scarcely differing from that of A. m. floresii.
 Type. ♂ ad. (ale., skull), Alor (Ombay), Lesser Sunda Islands, April 16, 1896; collected by A. Everett; B. M. 98.3.11.1.
description: Published as part of Andersen, Knud, 1909, IV. — Notes on the genus Acerodon, with a synopsis of its species and subspecies, and descriptions of four new forms, pp. 20-29 in Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8 th series 3 on page 25, DOI: 10.1080/00222930908692540
Contact rolling and deformation in granular media
Creators: name: Kuhn, Matthew R.
name: Bagi, Katalin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper considers rotations at different scales in granular materials: the rotations of individual particles, the rolling and rigid-rotation of particle pairs, the rotational interactions of a particle within its cluster of neighbors, and the rotation of material regions. Numerical, Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations on two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) assemblies show that particle rotations are diverse, that they increase with strain until the material begins to soften, and that they are expressed in spatial patterns, even at small strains. The interactions of a pair of particles are a combination of three modes: a contact deformation mode, a contact rolling mode, and a mode of rigid pair motions. Definitions are presented for each mode, including four different definitions of contact rolling. A rolling curl is also defined, which describes the cumulative rolling of neighboring particles around a central particle or sub-region. At a larger scale, material deformation and rotation are measured within small sub-regions of material, and the material deformation can be attributed to separate contributions of contact rolling, contact deformation, and the rigid-rotation of particle pairs. The diversity and extend of contact rolling were measured in 2D and 3D simulations. A dominant rolling pattern was observed, which resembles the interactions of rolling gears. This pattern can extend to distances of at least six particle diameters from a central particle.
Revealing a new region of gamma-ray emission in the vicinity of HESS J1825-137
Creators: name: Araya, M.
name: Mitchell, A. M. W.
name: Parsons, R. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HESS J1825-137 is a bright very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray source that has been firmly established as a pulsar wind nebula (PWN), and one of the most extended gamma-ray objects within this category. The progenitor supernova remnant (SNR) for this PWN has not been firmly established. We carried out an analysis of gamma-ray observations in the region of HESS J1825-137 with the Fermi-LAT which reveal emission in the direction away from the Galactic plane. The region lies beyond the PWN and reaches a distance from the pulsar compatible with the supposed location of the SNR shock front. The spectrum of the gamma-rays is hard with a photon index of $\sim 1.9$ in the 10-250 GeV range. Several scenarios for the origin of the emission are discussed, including the SNR as a source of high-energy particles and the "leakage"' of leptons from the PWN.
description: To be published in MNRAS
Traveling time and traveling length for flow in porous media
Creators: name: Lee, Youngki
name: Andrade, Jose S.
name: Buldyrev, Sergey V.
name: Dokholyan, Nikolay V.
name: Havlin, Shlomo
name: King, Peter R.
name: Paul, Gerald
name: Stanley, H. Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study traveling time and traveling length for tracer dispersion in porous media. We model porous media by two-dimensional bond percolation, and we model flow by tracer particles driven by a pressure difference between two points separated by Euclidean distance $r$. We find that the minimal traveling time $t_{min}$ scales as $t_{min} \sim r^{1.40}$, which is different from the scaling of the most probable traveling time, ${\tilde t} \sim r^{1.64}$. We also calculate the length of the path corresponding to the minimal traveling time and find $\ell_{min} \sim r^{1.13}$ and that the most probable traveling length scales as ${\tilde \ell} \sim r^{1.21}$. We present the relevant distribution functions and scaling relations.
description: 4 pages including 9 figures, Minor corrections in text
Investigating the relevance of the graduate attributes to Australian tertiary chemistry education: a staff, student and industry perspective
Creators: name: Ibo, Rami
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2014
Subjects: graduate attributes
chemistry
education
industry
relevance

description: Universities are increasingly seen to have both a research and a vocational training role. They have responded to this expectation by proclaiming the graduate attributes on their public websites. However, disciplines are also expected to develop their own graduate attributes and train students at them. For the discipline of chemistry in Australia, it is unclear how relevant these graduate attributes are to the different stakeholders of tertiary chemistry education: students, staff, and industries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relevance of the graduate attributes to those three different stakeholders. Chemistry students and staff at the ANU, as well as industries in Canberra that employed chemists, were surveyed and interviewed and asked to rate the importance of and the student competence at the ANU graduate attributes for science. Results of this study showed that all stakeholder groups perceived the graduate attributes to be important, except some attributes were perceived more important than others - scientific analysis and problem solving were perceived as more important than communication, teamwork, and professionalism. Results also showed a discrepancy between students' perceived self-rated competence at the attributes, and the perceived competence of staff and industry; with competency ratings declining in the order of student, staff, and industry. Industry perceived students to be deficient at scientific analysis and problem solving, the very two attributes it valued most, and perceived deficiencies in students' wet chemistry and instrumentation skills. This thesis showed that the graduate attributes are relevant to the three stakeholders of Australian tertiary chemistry education, and that further work involving these stakeholders needs to be done in order to ensure that Australian chemistry students are receiving the best chemistry education possible, and the best future employability outcomes.