cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption spectroscopy of space-related ices: Formation and destruction of solid carbonic acid upon 1~keV electron irradiation
Creators: name: Ioppolo, S.
name: Kanuchová, Z.
name: James, R. L.
name: Dawes, A.
name: Ryabov, A.
name: Dezalay, J.
name: Jones, N. C.
name: Hoffmann, S. V.
name: Mason, N. J.
name: Strazzulla, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is a weak acid relevant to astrobiology which, to date, remains undetected in space. Experimental work has shown that the beta-polymorph of H2CO3 forms under space relevant conditions through energetic (UV photon, electron, and cosmic ray) processing of CO2- and H2O-rich ices. We present a systematic set of VUV photoabsorption spectra of pure and mixed CO2 and H2O ices exposed to 1 keV electrons at 20 and 80 K to simulate different interstellar and Solar System environments. Ices were then annealed to obtain a layer of pure H2CO3 which was further exposed to 1 keV electrons at 20 and 80 K to monitor its destruction pathway. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used as a secondary probe providing complementary information on the physicochemical changes within an ice. Our laboratory work shows that the formation of solid H2CO3, CO, and O3 upon the energetic processing of CO2:H2O ice mixtures is temperature-dependent in the range between 20 and 80 K. The amorphous to crystalline phase transition of H2CO3 ice is investigated for the first time in the VUV spectral range by annealing the ice at 200 and 225 K. We have detected two photoabsorption bands at 139 and 200 nm, and we assigned them to beta-H2CO3 and gamma-H2CO3, respectively. We present VUV spectra of the electron irradiation of annealed H2CO3 ice at different temperatures leading to its decomposition into CO2, H2O, and CO ice. Laboratory results are compared to Cassini UltraViolet Imaging Spectrograph observations of the 70-90 K ice surface of Saturn's satellites Enceladus, Dione, and Rhea.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Additional file 1 of An exploratory study of food addiction in Indian youth
Creators: name: Tamoghna Ghosh
name: Siddharth Sarkar
name: Tilak, Aman
name: Kochhar, Kanwal Preet
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
The generalized parton distribution functions and the nucleon spin sum rules in the chiral quark soliton model
Creators: name: Wakamatsu, M.
name: Tsujimoto, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theoretical predictions are given for the forward limit of the unpolarized spin-flip isovector generalized parton distribution function $(E^u - E^d)(x, ξ, t)$ within the framework of the chiral quark soliton model, with full inclusion of the polarization of Dirac sea quarks. We observe that $[(H^u - H^d) + (E^u - E^d)](x,0,0)$ has a sharp peak around $x=0$, which we interpret as a signal of the importance of the pionic $q \bar{q}$ excitation with large spatial extension in the transverse direction. Another interesting indication given by the predicted distribution in combination with Ji's angular momentum sum rule is that the $\bar{d}$-quark carries more angular momentum than the $\bar{u}$-quark in the proton, which may have some relation with the physics of the violation of the Gottfried sum rule.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures, revised final version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Additional file 2 of Prevalence of problematic feeding in young children born prematurely: a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Pados, Britt Frisk
name: Hill, Rebecca R.
name: Yamasaki, Joy T.
name: Litt, Jonathan S.
name: Lee, Christopher S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2.
Multiple ground-state instabilities in the anisotropic quantum Rabi model
Creators: name: Chen, Xiang-You
name: Duan, Liwei
name: Braak, Daniel
name: Chen, Qing-Hu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, the anisotropic variant of the quantum Rabi model with different coupling strengths of the rotating and counter-rotating wave terms is studied by the Bogoliubov operator approach. The anisotropy preserves the parity symmetry of the original model. We derive the corresponding $G$-function, which yields both the regular and exceptional eigenvalues. The exceptional eigenvalues correspond to the crossing points of two energy levels with different parities and are doubly degenerate. We find analytically that the ground-state and the first excited state can cross several times, indicating multiple first-order phase transitions as function of the coupling strength. These crossing points are related to manifest parity symmetry of the Hamiltonian, in contrast to the level crossings in the asymmetric quantum Rabi model which are caused by a hidden symmetry.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
G-QUADRUPLEX STRUCTURES - FROM GENOMIC STABILITY TO BIOFABRICATION INNOVATIONS
Creators: name: Brandl, Edenilson
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Genomics
Developmental biology
Biotechnology
Genetic engineering
Polygenic inheritance
3D bioprinting
Nutritional modification
G-quadruplex structures
Regulatory genes
Aging-related disorders

description: This comprehensive exploration delves into the intricate realms of genomics, spanning developmental biology, biotechnology, and genetic engineering. The article navigates the genetic landscape, unraveling the complexities of embryonic processes, microbial life cycles, and tissue engineering. From innovative approaches in modifying nutritional characteristics to the interconnected nature of polygenic inheritance, it explores the latest advancements in biotechnological strategies. The genetic aspects of aging, including three-dimensional protein structures and therapeutic interventions through gene therapy, are meticulously examined. The spotlight also falls on G-quadruplex structures, playing multifaceted roles from genomic stability to their applications in biofabrication. Regulatory genes take center stage, influencing cellular processes through viral vectors, terminator genes, and the intricate interplay between coding and non-coding DNA strands. This article provides a panoramic view of the diverse and interconnected facets of genomics, shedding light on the molecular intricacies shaping genetic processes and cellular functions.

 

Diese umfassende Untersuchung befasst sich mit den komplexen Bereichen der Genomik und umfasst Entwicklungsbiologie, Biotechnologie und Gentechnik. Der Artikel navigiert durch die genetische Landschaft und entschlüsselt die Komplexität embryonaler Prozesse, mikrobieller Lebenszyklen und Tissue Engineering. Von innovativen Ansätzen zur Veränderung von Ernährungseigenschaften bis hin zur vernetzten Natur der polygenen Vererbung werden die neuesten Fortschritte bei biotechnologischen Strategien untersucht. Die genetischen Aspekte des Alterns, einschließlich dreidimensionaler Proteinstrukturen und therapeutischer Interventionen durch Gentherapie, werden akribisch untersucht. Der Fokus liegt auch auf G-Quadruplex-Strukturen, die vielfältige Rollen spielen, von der genomischen Stabilität bis hin zu ihren Anwendungen in der Biofabrikation. Im Mittelpunkt stehen regulatorische Gene, die zelluläre Prozesse durch virale Vektoren, Terminatorgene und das komplexe Zusammenspiel zwischen kodierenden und nicht-kodierenden DNA-Strängen beeinflussen. Dieser Artikel bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über die vielfältigen und miteinander verbundenen Aspekte der Genomik und beleuchtet die molekularen Feinheiten, die genetische Prozesse und Zellfunktionen prägen.
Detecting single infrared photons toward optimal system detection efficiency
Creators: name: Hu, Peng
name: Li, Hao
name: You, Lixing
name: Wang, Heqing
name: Xiao, You
name: Huang, Jia
name: Yang, Xiaoyan
name: Zhang, Weijun
name: Wang, Zhen
name: Xie, Xiaoming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) with near-unity system efficiency is a key enabling, but still elusive technology for numerous quantum fundamental theory verifications and quantum information applications. The key challenge is to have both a near-unity photon-response probability and absorption efficiency simultaneously for the meandered nanowire with a finite filling ratio, which is more crucial for NbN than other superconducting materials (e.g., WSi) with lower transition temperatures. Here, we overcome the above challenge and produce NbN SNSPDs with a record system efficiency by replacing a single-layer nanowire with twin-layer nanowires on a dielectric mirror. The detector at 0.8 K shows a maximal system detection efficiency (SDE) of 98% at 1590 nm and a system efficiency of over 95% in the wavelength range of 1530-1630 nm. Moreover, the detector at 2.1K demonstrates a maximal SDE of 95% at 1550 nm using a compacted two-stage cryocooler. This type of detector also shows the robustness against various parameters, such as the geometrical size of the nanowire, and the spectral bandwidth, enabling a high yield of 73% (36%) with an SDE of >80% (90%) at 2.1K for 45 detectors fabricated in the same run. These SNSPDs made of twin-layer nanowires are of important practical significance for batch production.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures
Delocalization transition of the selective interface model: distribution of pseudo-critical temperatures
Creators: name: Monthus, Cecile
name: Garel, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to recent progress in the finite size scaling theory of critical disordered systems, the nature of the phase transition is reflected in the distribution of pseudo-critical temperatures $T_c(i,L)$ over the ensemble of samples $(i)$ of size $L$. In this paper, we apply this analysis to the delocalization transition of an heteropolymeric chain at a selective fluid-fluid interface. The width $ΔT_c(L)$ and the shift $[T_c(\infty)-T_c^{av}(L)]$ are found to decay with the same exponent $L^{-1/ν_{R}}$, where $1/ν_{R} \sim 0.26$. The distribution of pseudo-critical temperatures $T_c(i,L)$ is clearly asymmetric, and is well fitted by a generalized Gumbel distribution of parameter $m \sim 3$. We also consider the free energy distribution, which can also be fitted by a generalized Gumbel distribution with a temperature dependent parameter, of order $m \sim 0.7$ in the critical region. Finally, the disorder averaged number of contacts with the interface scales at $T_c$ like $L^ρ$ with $ρ\sim 0.26 \sim 1/ν_R $.
description: 9 pages,6 figures
A periodic equation-of-motion coupled-cluster implementation applied to $F$-centers in alkaline earth oxides
Creators: name: Gallo, Alejandro
name: Hummel, Felix
name: Irmler, Andreas
name: Grüneis, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an implementation of equation of motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles (EOM-CCSD) theory using periodic boundary conditions and a plane wave basis set. Our implementation of EOM-CCSD theory is applied to study $F$-centers in alkaline earth oxides employing a periodic supercell approach. The convergence of calculated electronic excitation energies for neutral color centers in MgO, CaO and SrO crystals with respect to orbital basis set and system size is explored. We discuss extrapolation techniques that approximate excitation energies in the complete basis set limit and reduce finite size errors. Our findings demonstrate that EOM-CCSD theory can predict optical absorption energies of $F$-centers in good agreement with experiment. Furthermore, we discuss calculated emission energies corresponding to the decay from triplet to singlet states, responsible for the photoluminescence properties. Our findings are compared to experimental and theoretical results available in literature.
Self-supervised pre-training enhances change detection in Sentinel-2 imagery
Creators: name: Leenstra, Marrit
name: Marcos, Diego
name: Bovolo, Francesca
name: Tuia, Devis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: While annotated images for change detection using satellite imagery are scarce and costly to obtain, there is a wealth of unlabeled images being generated every day. In order to leverage these data to learn an image representation more adequate for change detection, we explore methods that exploit the temporal consistency of Sentinel-2 times series to obtain a usable self-supervised learning signal. For this, we build and make publicly available (https://zenodo.org/record/4280482) the Sentinel-2 Multitemporal Cities Pairs (S2MTCP) dataset, containing multitemporal image pairs from 1520 urban areas worldwide. We test the results of multiple self-supervised learning methods for pre-training models for change detection and apply it on a public change detection dataset made of Sentinel-2 image pairs (OSCD).
description: Presented at the Pattern Recognition and Remote Sensing (PRRS) workshop in ICPR, 2021
How environmental studies programs and the ESA 4DEE framework can help recruit diverse students into the environmental workforce
Creators: name: Cid, Carmen
name: Shea, Kathleen
name: Macfall, Janet
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: The new Ecological Society of America 4 dimensional curricular framework (4DEE) elevates the human dimension of environmental interactions, and focuses on aligning undergraduate ecology education with career skills needed in today's environmental workforce. Environmental Studies programs have traditionally integrated the social and natural sciences in their curriculum and showcase experiential learning that addresses community environmental issues. Both the ESA 4DEE and Environmental Studies programs follow the same process in making environmental knowledge connect with community needs to train students for real-world environmental problem solving. Examples are provided of how 4DEE can be used to design, implement and rate the quality of today's undergraduate environmental programs in making undergraduates career ready for the environmental workforce.
Thermomagnetic instability of plasma composition gradients
Creators: name: Sadler, James D.
name: Li, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that, under Braginskii magneto-hydrodynamics, anti-parallel gradients in average ion charge state and electron temperature can be unstable to the growth of self-generated magnetic fields. The instability is analogous to the field-generating thermomagnetic instability, although it is driven by the collisional thermal force magnetic source term rather than the Biermann battery term. The gradient in ion charge state causes a gradient in collisionality, which couples with temperature perturbations to create a self-generated magnetic field. This magnetic field deflects the electron heat flux in a way that reinforces the temperature perturbation. The derived linearized growth rate, typically on hydrodynamic timescales, includes the resistive and thermal smoothing. It increases with large ion composition gradients and electron heat flux, conditions typical of the hohlraum walls or contaminant mix jets in inertial confinement fusion implosions. However, extended magneto-hydrodynamic simulations indicate that the instability is usually dominated and stabilized by the nonlinear Nernst advection, in a similar manner to the standard thermomagnetic instability.
An Extremely Curved Relativistic Jet in PKS 2136+141
Creators: name: Savolainen, Tuomas
name: Wiik, Kaj
name: Valtaoja, Esko
name: Kadler, Matthias
name: Ros, Eduardo
name: Tornikoski, Merja
name: Aller, Margo F.
name: Aller, Hugh D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of an extremely curved jet in the radio-loud quasar PKS2136+141. Multi-frequency Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) images show a bending jet making a turn-around of 210 degrees in the plane of the sky, which is, to our knowledge, the largest ever observed change in the position angle of an astrophysical jet. Images taken at six different frequencies, from 2.3 to 43 GHz, reveal a spiral-like trajectory, which is likely a sign of an intrinsic helical geometry. A space-VLBI image, taken with the HALCA satellite at 5 GHz and having comparable resolution to our ground-based 15 GHz data, confirms that the bend is a frequency-independent structure. VLBA monitoring data at 15 GHz, covering eight years of observations, show knots in the jet clearly deviating from ballistic motion, which suggests that the bending may be caused by a growing helical Kelvin-Helmholtz normal mode. The jet appearance suggests a helical wave at a frequency well below the "resonant" frequency of the jet, which indicates that the wave is driven by a periodic perturbation at the base of the jet. We fit the observed structure in the source with a helical twist, and we find that a simple isothermal model with a constant wave speed and wavelength gives a good fit. The measured apparent velocities indicate some degree of acceleration along the jet, which together with an observed change in the apparent half-opening angle of the jet allow us to estimate the changes in the angle between the local jet direction and our line of sight. We suggest that the jet in PKS2136+141 is distorted by a helical Kelvin-Helmholtz normal mode externally driven into the jet (e.g. by precession), and that our line of sight falls within the opening angle of the helix cone.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal, 15 pages, uses emulateapj.cls
Community-wide impacts of a generalist brood parasite, the brown-headed cowbird (molothrus ater)
Creators: name: De Groot, Krista Leigh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Many ecologists have searched for species that contribute strongly to the structure and composition of communities of organisms. It is widely believed that the Brown-headed Cowbird, a generalist brood parasite, is capable of changing songbird communities. Cowbird parasitism may reduce numbers of suitable hosts, i.e., songbirds that accept cowbird eggs and raise cowbird young. In contrast, songbird species that have evolved egg ejection behaviour, nest in cavities, feed cowbird nestlings an unsuitable diet or are too big to parasitize, will generally escape the effects of cowbird parasitism. Thus, cowbirds may change the composition of entire songbird communities by depressing numbers of suitable host individuals. I tested this hypothesis using an existing cowbird removal program in the state of Michigan, USA . This removal program was designed to protect the endangered Kirtland's Warbler from high levels of cowbird parasitism, throughout its 19 200 km² breeding range. I compared songbird composition in stands of young jack pine where cowbirds had been removed for 5-11 years to Control sites 5-10 km from cowbird traps and Control sites >10 km from cowbird traps. I predicted that cowbird Removal sites would support greater songbird diversity and a greater proportion of suitable host vs. unsuitable host individuals relative to Control sites. Results from songbird point counts revealed that species diversity was very similar at cowbird Removal and Control sites but Removal sites contained 4.0 - 8.7 % more suitable hosts than Control sites. I conclude that cowbirds only weakly influence the composition of songbird communities in jack pine forests of Michigan. It remains to be shown that cowbirds affect songbird community composition more strongly in other areas, e.g., midwestern USA, where cowbirds are more abundant.
Identification and Calculation of the Universal Maximum Drag Reduction Asymptote by Polymers in Wall Bounded Turbulence
Creators: name: Benzi, Roberto
name: deAngelis, Elisabetta
name: L'vov, Victor S.
name: Procaccia, Itamar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Drag reduction by polymers in wall turbulence is bounded from above by a universal maximal drag reduction (MDR) velocity profile that is a log-law, estimated experimentally by Virk as $V^+(y^+)\approx 11.7 \log y^+ -17$. Here $V^+(y)$ and $y^+$ are the mean streamwise velocity and the distance from the wall in "wall" units. In this Letter we propose that this MDR profile is an edge solution of the Navier-Stokes equations (with an effective viscosity profile) beyond which no turbulent solutions exist. This insight rationalizes the universality of the MDR and provides a maximum principle which allows an ab-initio calculation of the parameters in this law without any viscoelastic experimental input.
description: 4 pages, 1 fig. Phys. Rev. Letts., submitted
Non-conservative effects on Spinning Black Holes from World-Line Effective Field Theory
Creators: name: Goldberger, Walter D.
name: Li, Jingping
name: Rothstein, Ira Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the worldline EFT formalism developed in [4-9] to calculate the non-conservative tidal effects on spinning black holes in a long wavelength approximation that is valid to all orders in the magnitude of the spin. We present results for the rate of change of mass and angular momentum in a background field and find agreement with previous calculations obtained by different techniques. We also present new results for both the non-conservative equations of motion and power loss/gain for a binary inspiral, which start at 5PN and 2.5PN order respectively and manifest the Penrose process.
description: 22 pages LaTeX, 1 figure
Renormalization of the Non-Linear Sigma Model in Four Dimensions. A two-loop example
Creators: name: Ferrari, Ruggero
name: Quadri, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The renormalization procedure of the non-linear SU(2) sigma model in D=4 proposed in hep-th/0504023 and hep-th/0506220 is here tested in a truly non-trivial case where the non-linearity of the functional equation is crucial. The simplest example, where the non-linear term contributes, is given by the two-loop amplitude involving the insertion of two ϕ_0 (the constraint of the non-linear sigma model) and two flat connections. In this case we verify the validity of the renormalization procedure: the recursive subtraction of the pole parts at D=4 yields amplitudes that satisfy the defining functional equation. As a by-product we give a formal proof that in D dimensions (without counterterms) the Feynman rules provide a perturbative symmetric solution.
description: Latex, 3 figures, 19 pages
Hybrid functional analysis of porous coordination polymers Cu[Cu(pdt)$_{2}$] and Cu[Ni(pdt)$_{2}$]
Creators: name: Syrotyuk, S. V.
name: Klysko, Yu. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ab initio investigation of the two porous coordination polymers Cu[Cu(pdt)$ _{2} $] and Cu[Ni(pdt)$ _{2} $] has been performed. The dispersion laws and partial density of states was obtained with the PBE0 hybrid functional. The results found here show that the materials under consideration are degenerate $p$-type semiconductors. Here, the effect of partial self-interaction removing of the strongly correlated 3$d$ electrons of Cu and Ni was examined. In case of Cu-containing materials, the obtained results confirm that the 3$d$ electrons of Cu reveal strong correlations, and, therefore, their electronic properties could be evaluated by means of a hybrid functional of the exchange-correlation energy. We also obtained quasiparticle properties within the Green's function (G0W0) and Bethe-Salpeter approaches. The last one was used in order to examine excitonic properties in the degenerate semiconductors. The imaginary part of the dielectric function was obtained within random-phase approximation as well as the Bethe-Salpeter approach.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Phase diagram for strongly interacting matter in the presence of a magnetic field using the Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with magnetic field dependent coupling strengths
Creators: name: Moreira, João
name: Costa, Pedro
name: Restrepo, Tulio E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phase diagram for strongly interacting matter using the 't Hooft determinant extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model with a Polyakov loop in the light and strange quark sectors (\emph{up}, \emph{down} and \emph{strange}) focusing on the effect of a magnetic field dependence of the coupling strengths of these interactions. This dependence was obtained so as to reproduce recent lattice QCD results for the magnetic field dependence of the quarks dynamical masses. A finite magnetic field is known to induce several additional first-order phase transition lines with the respective Critical End Points (CEP) in the temperature-quark chemical potential phase diagram when compared to the zero magnetic field case. A study of the magnetic field dependence in the range $eB=0-0.6~\mathrm{GeV}^2$ of the location of these CEPs reveals that the initial one as well as several of the new ones only survive up to a critical magnetic field. Only two remain in the upper limit of the studied magnetic field strength. A comparison of the results obtained with versions of the model with and without Polyakov loop is also done. We also found that the inclusion of the magnetic field dependence on the coupling strengths, while not changing the qualitative features of the phase diagram, affects the location of these CEPs. The comparison of results with and without a regularization cutoff in the medium part of the integrals does not show a significant change.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, EPJA Topical Issue on The QCD Phase Diagram in Strong Magnetic Fields
Siena College Research Institute Poll: April 2019 Siena New York Poll
Creators: name: Siena College Research Institute
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Opinion of public figures (8); Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (8); Donald Trump (1); Andrew Cuomo (1); Bill de Blasio (1); Joe Crowley (1); Nancy Pelosi (1); Chuck Schumer (1); Kirsten Gillibrand (1); Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez job approval (1); medicare for all (1); Green New Deal (1); free college tuition (1); living wage (1); ban on assault weapons (1); increasing tax rates for the wealthy (1); impeachment of Donald Trump (1); repeal/replace Obamacare (1); legalization of marijuana (1); undocumented immigrants (1); congestion pricing (1); monetary bail (1); Amazon headquarters in Queens (2); identify as a Democratic Socialist (1).
Streaming instability on different scales. I. Planetesimal mass distribution variability
Creators: name: Rucska, Josef
name: Wadsley, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present numerical simulations of dust clumping and planetesimal formation initiated by the streaming instability with self-gravity. We examine the variability in the planetesimal formation process by employing simulation domains with large radial and azimuthal extents and a novel approach of re-running otherwise identical simulations with different random initializations of the dust density field.We find that the planetesimal mass distribution and the total mass of dust that is converted to planetesimals can vary substantially between individual small simulations and within the domains of larger simulations. Our results show that the non-linear nature of the developed streaming instability introduces substantial variability in the planetesimal formation process that has not been previously considered and suggests larger scale dynamics may affect the process.
description: Accepted to MNRAS, 12 pages, 7 figures
Unitary local invariance
Creators: name: Paris, Matteo G A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address unitary local (UL) invariance of bipartite pure states. Given a bipartite state $|Ψ>>=\sum_{ij} ψ_{ij}\: |i>_1\otimes |j>_2$ the complete characterization of the class of local unitaries $U_1\otimes U_2$ for which $U_1\otimes U_2 |Ψ>>=|Ψ>>$ is obtained.The two relevant parameters are the rank of the matrix $Ψ$, $[Ψ]_{ij}=ψ_{ij}$, and the number of its equal singular values, {\em i.e.} the degeneracy of the eigenvalues of the partial traces of $|Ψ>>$.
description: Revised version. Accepted for publication Int. J. Quant. Inf
Reinvestigating $α$ Cen AB in light of asteroseismic forward and inverse methods
Creators: name: Salmon, Sébastien
name: Van Grootel, Valérie
name: Buldgen, Gaël
name: Dupret, Marc-Antoine
name: Eggenberger, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $α$ Cen stellar system is the closest neighbour to our Sun. Its main component is a binary composed of two main-sequence stars, one more massive than the Sun and one less massive. The system's bright magnitude led to a wealth of astronomical observations over a long period, making it an appealing testbed for stellar physics. In particular, detection of stellar pulsations in both $α$ Cen A and B has revealed the potential of asteroseismology for determining its fundamental stellar parameters. Asteroseismic studies have also focused on the presence of a convective core in the A component, but as yet without definitive confirmation. Progress in the determination of solar surface abundances and stellar opacities have yielded new input for stellar theoretical models. We investigate their impact on a reference system such as $α$ Cen AB. We seek to confirm the presence of a convective core in $α$ Cen A by analysing the role of different stellar physics and the potential of asteroseismic inverse methods. We present a new series of asteroseismic calibrations carried out using forward approach modelling and including updated chemical mixture and opacities in the models. We then complement our analysis with help of recent asteroseismic diagnostic tools based on inverse methods developed for solar-like stars. The inclusion of an updated chemical mixture -- that is less metal-rich -- appears to reduce the predicted asteroseismic masses of each component. Neither classical asteroseismic indicators such as frequency ratios, nor asteroseismic inversions favour the presence of a convective core in $α$ Cen A. The quality of the observational seismic dataset is the main limiting factor to settle the issue. Implementing new observing strategies to improve the precision on the pulsation frequencies would certainly refine the outcome of asteroseismology for this binary system.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
State tomography for two qubits using reduced densities
Creators: name: Petz, D.
name: Hangos, K. M.
name: Szanto, A.
name: Szollosi, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optimal state determination (or tomography) is studied for a composite system of two qubits when measurements can be performed on one of the qubits and interactions of the two qubits can be implemented. The goal is to minimize the number of interactions to be used. The algebraic method applied in the paper leads to an extension of the concept of mutually unbiased measurements.
description: 8 pages LATEX
Comptonization of CMB in galaxy clusters. Monte Carlo computations
Creators: name: Gornostaev, M. I.
name: Lipunova, G. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem under consideration is to determine the change of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) spectral shape due to the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. We numerically model the spectral intensity of the CMB radiation Comptonized by the hot intergalactic Maxwellian plasma. To this aim, a relativistic Monte Carlo code with photon weights is developed. The code enables us to construct the Comptonized CMB spectrum in a wide energy range. The results are compared with known analytical solutions and previous numerical simulations. We also calculate the angular distributions of the intensity of radiation emerging from the cloud, which show that the spectral shape of the tSZ effect is not universal for different directions of escaping photons. The numerical method can be applied to simulate the processes of Comptonization for different optical depths, temperatures, initial spectra of photon sources and their spatial distributions, the obtained results may have implications on investigating the profiles of galaxy clusters.
Agricultural Development and Sustainable Income to Farmers in Osun State: ChallengesandProspects
Creators: name: Bola Abefe
name: A.G Salaudeen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The dwindling oil price and expected population rise is a serious cause of concern for every Nigerian at home and in the Diaspora. This calls for the need to diversify the economy and expressly shift focus to once abandoned agriculture considering Nigeria abundant natural and human resources, and the role of agro-allied enterprises in economic development. The study sought to examine the role of small-scale livestock, cocoa and fisheries farmers in a developing economy. It can be noted that agricultural practices have the potential for the development of any economy which can manifest in employment generation, skills acquisition, economic growth, rural development, industrialization and better utilization of indigenous resources. Therefore, the study addressed the importance/roles, challenges, and prospects of farmers in the socio-economic development of the rural community vis-à-vis the Osun State. It has been discovered through the findings that small-scale farming has contributed to the growth and development of the economy, while there is no commensurate attention/contribution by the government. Developing agricultural sector is the best alternative to the oil economy, and an important strategic move to get the country out of her current economic predicament. The government should encourage local farmers and production of goods and services to promote small industries by buying/using locally made products and or services and allocating adequate funds for SMEs (more importantly agricultural sector) growth and development in the Nigerian economy.
The Carina Nebula and Gum 31 molecular complex III: The distribution of the 1-3 GHz radio continuum across the whole nebula
Creators: name: Rebolledo, David
name: Green, Anne J.
name: Burton, Michael G.
name: Breen, Shari L.
name: Garay, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the most detailed $1-3$ GHz radio continuum emission map of the nearest region of massive star formation, the Carina Nebula. As part of a large program with the Australia Telescope Compact Array, we have covered $\sim$ 12 deg$^2$, achieving an angular resolution of $\sim$ 16 arcsec, representing the largest and most complete map of the radio continuum to date. Our continuum map shows a spectacular and complex distribution of emission across the nebula, with multiple structures such as filaments, shells, and fronts across a wide range of size scales. The ionization fronts have advanced far into the southern and northern region of the Galactic Plane, as fronts are clearly detected at distances $\sim$ 80 pc from the stellar clusters in the center. We estimated an ionization photon luminosity $Q_\mathrm{H}=(7.8 \pm 0.8) \times 10^{50}$ s$^{-1}$ which corresponds to $\sim 85\%$ of the total value obtained from stellar population studies. Thus, approximately $15\%$ of the ionizing flux has escaped from the nebula into the diffuse Galactic Interstellar Medium. Comparison between radio continuum and the hydrogen atomic and molecular gas maps offers a clear view of the bipolar outflow driven by the energy released by the massive stellar clusters that also affects the fraction of molecular gas across the nebula. Comparison between 8$μ$m and 70$μ$m emission maps and the radio continuum reveals how the hot gas permeates through the molecular cloud, shapes the material into features such as pillars, small shells and arc-like structures, and ultimately, escapes.
description: 18 pages, 16 Figures, 1 appendix
Lorentz surfaces with constant curvature and their physical interpretation
Creators: name: Catoni, Francesco
name: Cannata, Roberto
name: Catoni, Vincenzo
name: Zampetti, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years it has been recognized that the hyperbolic numbers (an extension of complex numbers, defined as z=x+h*y with h*h=1 and x,y real numbers) can be associated to space-time geometry as stated by the Lorentz transformations of special relativity. In this paper we show that as the complex numbers had allowed the most complete and conclusive mathematical formalization of the constant curvature surfaces in the Euclidean space, in the same way the hyperbolic numbers allow a representation of constant curvature surfaces with non-definite line elements (Lorentz surfaces). The results are obtained just as a consequence of the space-time symmetry stated by the Lorentz group, but, from a physical point of view, they give the right link between fields and curvature as postulated by general relativity. This mathematical formalization can open new ways for application in the studies of field theories.
description: 15 pages
Additional file 1 of Trends, prevalence and factors associated with hypertension and diabetes among South African adults living with HIV, 2005–2017
Creators: name: Chiwandire, Nicola
name: Nompumelelo Zungu
name: Musawenkosi Mabaso
name: Chasela, Charles
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Characteristics of adults living with HIV in South Africa: 2005, 2008 & 2017. Figure S1. Distribution of study participants by province in 2005, 2008 & 2017.
Cooking from the bottom-up: an exploration into the use of Vancouver's community kitchens as an empowerment tool
Creators: name: Chung, Carrie Lee
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this thesis was to explore the effectiveness of community kitchens as an empowerment tool. This thesis observes the ways in which community kitchens empower their participants, how they are being used to foster community development, and the opportunities and constraints in using community kitchens as an empowerment tool. The research questions are addressed in a variety of ways. First, a comprehensive literature review was undertaken to define the meaning of empowerment and community development as used by this thesis. Secondly, a multiple case study approach involving participant observation, key informant interviews and a survey was conducted to examine these questions. A total of seven community kitchens were involved in the case studies. The research suggests that community kitchens do empower participants but at an individual level. Participants learn skills such as cooperation, cooking and socialisation, and are empowered through self-help and by gaining confidence and self-esteem. At a community level, efforts have been made to empower the community and contribute to community building processes but with limited output. In some community kitchens, community development initiatives (such as volunteering to cook for a larger community) are in place but community kitchens as a whole has a minimal effect in creating community. Community kitchens, however, are effective at empowering individuals which is considered the first step to community empowerment.
A Framework to Handle Multi-modal Multi-objective Optimization in Decomposition-based Evolutionary Algorithms
Creators: name: Tanabe, Ryoji
name: Ishibuchi, Hisao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-modal multi-objective optimization is to locate (almost) equivalent Pareto optimal solutions as many as possible. While decomposition-based evolutionary algorithms have good performance for multi-objective optimization, they are likely to perform poorly for multi-modal multi-objective optimization due to the lack of mechanisms to maintain the solution space diversity. To address this issue, this paper proposes a framework to improve the performance of decomposition-based evolutionary algorithms for multi-modal multi-objective optimization. Our framework is based on three operations: assignment, deletion, and addition operations. One or more individuals can be assigned to the same subproblem to handle multiple equivalent solutions. In each iteration, a child is assigned to a subproblem based on its objective vector, i.e., its location in the objective space. The child is compared with its neighbors in the solution space assigned to the same subproblem. The performance of improved versions of six decomposition-based evolutionary algorithms by our framework is evaluated on various test problems regarding the number of objectives, decision variables, and equivalent Pareto optimal solution sets. Results show that the improved versions perform clearly better than their original algorithms.
description: This is an accepted version of a paper published in the IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
shiny rrisk user guidance for setting up a predefined stochastic risk model
Creators: name: Wallstab, Christin
name: Selhorst, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: sh

description: This PowerPoint Document is a step by step guidance which helps the user to implement a predefined risk mode in shiny rrisk.
description: iny rrisk user guidance
Earthquakes electromagnetic precursors dataset with evaluation of radio seismic indicators
Creators: name: Mariscotti, Andrea
name: Romero, Renato
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: earthquake
radio seismic indicator
radio precursors
confusion matrix
electromagnetic propagation
transverse magnetic field

description: The set contains an Excel sheet of earthquakes (the EQ dataset) for which electromagnetic precursors have been discussed in the relevant literature with positive or negative outcome.

The data are loaded in Matlab and represented by means of histograms showing the distribution of positive, negative and doubtful precursors findings.

In addition values of transverse magnetic field from Li-Pan book (complete reference in the interp_Pan_v2.m file) are interpolated with a linear and quadratic model of the path loss to derive a robust estimate of attenuation to use for the derivation of a new radio-sesimic indicator RSI.

Data are then compared to a set of radio seismic indicators, already published (Hattori and Molchanov) and newly proposed (RSI). The efficacy of the indicators is verified by calculation of confusion matrices over the EQ dataset, followed by Balanced Accuracy and Matthews' coefficent phi as performance indexes tolerant to sets with quite different size.
Additional file 1 of Prospective in-depth analysis of anaesthetic management of spontaneous ventilation VATS for lung cancer resection: a matched pairs comparison to intubated VATS
Creators: name: Mihatsch, Lorenz L.
name: Huber, Anastasia
name: Weiland, Sandra
name: Friederich, Patrick
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 1