cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Terahertz photogalvanics in twisted bilayer graphene close to the second magic angle
Creators: name: Otteneder, M.
name: Hubmann, S.
name: Lu, X.
name: Kozlov, D.
name: Golub, L. E.
name: Watanabe, K.
name: Taniguchi, T.
name: Efetov, D. K.
name: Ganichev, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the observation of photogalvanic effects in twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) with a twist angle of 0.6°. We show that excitation of tBLG bulk causes a photocurrent, whose sign and magnitude are controlled by orientation of the radiation electric field and the photon helicity. The observed photocurrent provides evidence for the reduction of the point group symmetry in low twist-angle tBLG to the lowest possible one. The developed theory shows that the current is formed by asymmetric scattering in gyrotropic tBLG. We also detected the photogalvanic current formed in the vicinity of the edges. For both, bulk and edge photocurrents, we demonstrate the emergence of pronounced oscillations upon variation of the gate voltage. The gate voltages associated with the oscillations coincide well with peaks in resistance measurements. These are well explained by inter-band transitions between a multitude of isolated bands in tBLG.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Optimal Design of Permit Markets with an ex ante Pollution Target
Creators: name: Rabotyagov, Sergey S.
name: Feng, Hongli
name: Kling, Catherine L.
name: Rabotyagov, Sergey S.
name: Feng, Hongli
name: Kling, Catherine L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: delivery coefficient
subject: ex ante pollution target
subject: ex post pollution target
subject: permit trading
subject: total permit cap
subject: trading ratio

description: The optimal pollution permit trading system is examined when the regulator, faced with incomplete information on firms' abatement costs and delivery coefficients, seeks to minimize expected total abatement costs to meet an ex ante pollution target. Intuitively, we find that the optimal trading ratio and permit cap are set such that there will be more pollution when abatement costs are high and less pollution when abatement costs are low. Surprisingly however , even when the delivery coefficients are known with certainty, the optimal trading ratio will not necessarily equal the delivery coefficient, nor will it be optimal for the total permit quantity to equal the given pollution target. Instead, the trading ratio will tend to be larger when there is negative correlation between firms' abatement costs and/or there is positive correlation between abatement costs and the delivery coefficient. The result that the optimal permit trading system under these circumstances depends on the regulator's information on firm's abatement costs contrasts sharply with a previously well-established attribute of permit trading systems: no information on firms' abatement costs is needed in order to design an optimal policy and achieve the least cost of reaching a pollution target (ex post). Our results demonstrate that whether an ex ante or ex post pollution target is used has fundamental implications for the design of the permit trading system. Finally, while not descriptive of all pollution problems, the class of pollutants for which this model applies is large.
The $β^4$ potential at the U(5)-O(6) critical point of the Interacting Boson Model
Creators: name: Garcia-Ramos, J. E.
name: Dukelsky, J.
name: Arias, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exact numerical results of the interacting boson model Hamiltonian along the integrable line from U(5) to O(6) are obtained by diagonalization within boson seniority subspaces. The matrix Hamiltonian reduces to a block tridiagonal form which can be diagonalized for large number of bosons. We present results for the low energy spectrum and the transition probabilities for systems up to 10000 bosons, which confirm that at the critical point the system is equally well described by the Bohr Hamiltonian with a $β^4$ potential.
description: To be published in PRC
Economic Impacts of E. Coqui frogs in Hawaii
Creators: name: Kaiser, Brooks A.
name: Burnett, Kimberly M.
name: Kaiser, Brooks A.
name: Burnett, Kimberly M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Eleutherodactylus coqui, a small frog native to Puerto Rico, was introduced to Hawaii in the late 1980s, presumably as a hitchhiker on plant material from the Caribbean or Florida (Kraus et al. 1999). The severity of the frogs' songs on the island of Hawaii has lead to a hypothesis touted both in the scientific community and in the popular media that the presence of the frog on or near a property results in a decline in that property's value. The objective of this study is to explicitly test the extent to which this hypothesis is true, and if it is, what the level of localized damage incurred on a property's value is. The invasion began on either Hawaii or Maui, and has now expanded to Oahu and Kauai. Spread has occurred through the movement of nursery plants and through intentional introduction of the frogs to previously uninfested areas. The coqui frogs have attained some of the highest densities ever observed for terrestrial amphibian populations (up to 133,000 per ha on Hawaii). These extremely dense populations have lead to both economic and ecological concerns, especially on the island of Hawaii. The loud mating song of the male frogs is the most widely cited complaint in Hawaii. The frog's song has been measured to range in the 80-100 decibel level (Beard and Pitt 2005). Given that 45 decibels may be enough to prevent the average person from sleeping , the song of the coqui is considered a form of noise pollution in Hawaii. In this study we focus only on the direct damage costs of the coqui's loud mating songs through a hedonic pricing model. Because this only one component of the economic costs of noise pollution, it should be considered a lower bound estimate of the true cost of their noise and their presence. Since this lower bound is generated through measurable losses in property value, its use in invasive species policy should be welcomingly straightforward compared to survey methods or other efforts to quantify damages from ecosystem change. We find that coqui frogs do impose localized damages to real estate values, but by 800 meters distance from a complaint this damage is declining relative to the effect at 500m. The per-transaction reduction in value when frog complaints have been lodged within 500m appears to be about 0.16%, holding constant district, acreage, financial conditions, zoning, and neighborhood characteristics. This is just over 1/3 of the impact that an increase of 1% in mortgage rates is estimated to have on price.
Inter-Intra Molecular Dynamics as an Iterated Function System
Creators: name: Kaneko, Kunihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of units (molecules) with slowly relaxing internal states is studied as an iterated function system (IFS) for the situation common in e.g. biological systems where these units are subjected to frequent collisional interactions. It is found that an increase in the collision frequency leads to successive discrete states that can be analyzed as partial steps to form a Cantor set. By considering the interactions among the units, a self-consistent IFS is derived, which leads to the formation and stabilization of multiple such discrete states. The relevance of the results to dynamical multiple states in biomolecules in crowded conditions is discussed.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures. submitted to Europhysics Letters
Convexifying Sparse Interpolation with Infinitely Wide Neural Networks: An Atomic Norm Approach
Creators: name: Kumar, Akshay
name: Haupt, Jarvis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This work examines the problem of exact data interpolation via sparse (neuron count), infinitely wide, single hidden layer neural networks with leaky rectified linear unit activations. Using the atomic norm framework of [Chandrasekaran et al., 2012], we derive simple characterizations of the convex hulls of the corresponding atomic sets for this problem under several different constraints on the weights and biases of the network, thus obtaining equivalent convex formulations for these problems. A modest extension of our proposed framework to a binary classification problem is also presented. We explore the efficacy of the resulting formulations experimentally, and compare with networks trained via gradient descent.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 1 of New azaphilones from Aspergillus neoglaber
Creators: name: Isbrandt, Thomas
name: Frisvad, Jens C.
name: Madsen, Anja
name: Larsen, Thomas O.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. UV-, MS/MS and NMR spectra of sassafrin E, F and sassafrinamine A, as well as dereplication and proposed MS/MS fragmentation pathway for sassafrin E.
title: 34. Bernburger Winterseminar Arznei- und Gewürzpflanzen, 20. - 21.02.2024, Tagungsbroschüre
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Verein für Arznei- und Gewürzpflanzen SALUPLANTA e. V.
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 630

description: Bernburger Winterseminar Arznei- und Gewürzpflanzen
Developing the theoretical model of chinese physical education teachers' health communication competence: based on grounded theory
Creators: name: Chen, Lilin
name: Xu, Yue
name: Li, Fangfei
name: Sun, Mingzhu
name: Yin, Zhihua
name: Guo, Zhen
name: Liu, Bo
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 4207
subject: Sports science and exercise

description: Background: Physical education teachers’ health communication competence is a key factor in health promotion. Although health communication is a multidisciplinary field, medical practitioners are the primary focus of health communication research, whereas physical education teachers are marginalized. Therefore, this study proposes a theoretical model of health communication competence for physical education teachers. Methods: This qualitative research utilized interviews as the primary data collection method. Purposeful sampling was employed to select participants, including university teachers, primary and secondary school teachers, and health education professionals from diverse regions of China. A total of 31 participants were interviewed through two focus groups (N = 15) and individual semi-structured interviews (N = 16). Grounded theory was used to analyze and code the collected interview materials. Results: The health communication competence of physical education teachers consisted of three main categories, 10 subcategories, 30 concepts, and 240 statement labels. The three main categories were as follows: (i) foundations of health communication knowledge and skills (this category encompassed three subcategories, namely sport and health knowledge reserve, health beliefs, and health behaviors); (ii) health communication perception competence (this category included two subcategories, namely health risk and crisis perception competence and communication audience perception competence); and (iii) practical competence of health communication (this category consisted of five subcategories, namely language expression competence, organizational and design competence, utilization of new media tools competence, communication content selection and processing competence, and professional skills). Conclusion: The theoretical model of health communication competence in this study provides a foundation for the involvement of physical education teachers in health communication work. It can serve as a reference for the development of both pre-service health education courses and in-service training systems for physical education teachers. Future research can expand the sample size and geographic coverage to further validate the applicability of the findings. Additionally, investigating the factors influencing the formation of the identified competencies is recommended
Skibsværftet - Øvre Værft. Stregmaner. Original, tegnet fra Moe-bryggens loft 1897. I forgrunden fra venstre: Bedding (der var før mindst 6 beddinge). Mod Baklandet: Bestyrerboligen, materialboder, materialskure, smie, værksteder, kontor-bygning. I landskabet bag Værftet sees Bakke kirke, Riangaarden, Hvilehaugen, Skorstenen. Skisse 1897
Creators: name: Mathiesen, Henrik
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1919
Subjects: Udefinert

description: Skipsverftet.
description: Tegning, original.
Duration of the Process of Complete Synchronizationof Two Coupled Identical Chaotic Systems
Creators: name: Koronovskii, A. A.
name: Hramov, A. E.
name: Khromova, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the time required for complete synchronization of two identical one-way coupled vander Pol-Duffing oscillators occurring in the regime of dynamic chaos. The influence of the initial phase differ-ence between oscillators on the duration of the process of complete synchronization has been studied. At a fixedphase of chaotic oscillations of the self-excited drive oscillator, the period of time (past the coupling onset) during which the complete synchronization regime is established depends on the phase of the self-excited responseoscillator
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
The third parafermionic chiral algebra with the symmetry Z_{3}
Creators: name: Dotsenko, Vladimir S.
name: Santachiara, Raoul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have constructed the parafermionic chiral algebra with the principal parafermionic fields Ψ,Ψ^{+} having the conformal dimension Δ_Ψ=8/3 and realizing the symmetry Z_{3}.
description: 6 pages, no figure
Probing Neural Dialog Models for Conversational Understanding
Creators: name: Saleh, Abdelrhman
name: Deutsch, Tovly
name: Casper, Stephen
name: Belinkov, Yonatan
name: Shieber, Stuart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The predominant approach to open-domain dialog generation relies on end-to-end training of neural models on chat datasets. However, this approach provides little insight as to what these models learn (or do not learn) about engaging in dialog. In this study, we analyze the internal representations learned by neural open-domain dialog systems and evaluate the quality of these representations for learning basic conversational skills. Our results suggest that standard open-domain dialog systems struggle with answering questions, inferring contradiction, and determining the topic of conversation, among other tasks. We also find that the dyadic, turn-taking nature of dialog is not fully leveraged by these models. By exploring these limitations, we highlight the need for additional research into architectures and training methods that can better capture high-level information about dialog.
Investigating Coupon Effects on Household Interpurchase Behavior for Cheese
Creators: name: Dong, Diansheng
name: Kaiser, Harry M.
name: Dong, Diansheng
name: Kaiser, Harry M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: In this study, a market segmentation approach is developed and applied to analyze U.S. household cheese purchases. The segmentation is based on household interpurchase time or the hazard rate of purchases. The hazard rate for a household belonging to a given segment is a function of household demographic and marketing-mix variables, and its baseline is assumed to follow a Weibull distribution. The model is flexible and is able to yield increasing, decreasing, or constant hazard rate functions. Four segments have been discovered in the U.S. household cheese purchase market. Two of the segments contain about 40% of the cheese purchase households, which are frequent buyers with an average interpurchase time of 2 weeks. These frequent cheese purchase households are larger in size, with higher income, less proportion of African Americans, and are insensitive to coupons. They are often referenced in the marketing literatures as loyal customers. In contrast, the other two segments contain about 60% of the households, which are infrequent buyers with an average interpurchase time of 6 weeks. These infrequent cheese purchase households are smaller in size, with lower income, higher proportion of African Americans, and are sensitive coupons. The infrequent purchase households are usually the targets of marketing promotions.
Synchronization and spindle oscillation in noisy integrate-and-fire-or-burst neurons with inhibitory coupling
Creators: name: Sakaguchi, H.
name: Tobiishi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We propose another integrate-and-fire model as a single neuron model. We study a globally coupled noisy integrate-and-fire model with inhibitory interaction using the Fokker-Planck equation and the Langevin equation, and find a reentrant transition of oscillatory states. Intermittent time evolutions of neuron firing are found in strongly inhibited systems. We propose another integrate-and-fire-or-burst model including the dynamics of the low-threshold Ca$^{2+}$ current based on the new integrate-and-fire model. We study a globally coupled noisy integrate-and-fire-or-burst model with inhibitory interaction using the Fokker-Planck equation, and find bistability of the tonic mode and burst mode. Doubly periodic oscillation appears in a coupled system of two neuron assemblies, which is similar to the spindle oscillation in thalamic cells.
description: 18pages, 8figures
Additional file 5 of A co-production approach guided by the behaviour change wheel to develop an intervention for reducing sedentary behaviour after stroke
Creators: name: Hall, Jennifer
name: Morton, Sarah
name: Hall, Jessica
name: Clarke, David J.
name: Fitzsimons, Claire F.
name: English, Coralie
name: Forster, Anne
name: Mead, Gillian E.
name: Lawton, Rebecca
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5. Example of completed behavioural diagnosis.
Capital as a Factor of Production in OECD Agriculture: Measurement and Data
Creators: name: Ball, V. Eldon
name: Lindamood, W.A.
name: Nehring, Richard F.
name: Mesonada, Carlos San Juan
name: Ball, V. Eldon
name: Lindamood, W.A.
name: Nehring, Richard F.
name: Mesonada, Carlos San Juan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: This paper provides a farm sector comparison of levels of capital input for fourteen OECD countries for the period 1973-2002. The starting point for construction of a measure of capital input is the measurement of capital stock. Estimates of depreciable capital are derived by representing capital stock at each point of time as a weighted sum of past investments. The weights correspond to the relative efficiencies of capital goods of different ages, so that the weighted components of capital stock have the same efficiency. Estimates of the stock of land are derived from balance sheet data. We convert estimates of capital stock into estimates of capital service flows by means of capital rental prices. Comparisons of levels of capital input among countries require data on relative prices of capital input. We obtain relative price levels for capital input via relative investment goods prices, taking into account the flow of capital input per unit of capital stock in each country.
The 2004 Niger Food Crisis: What Role Can Price Discovery Play in Famine Early Warning Systems?
Creators: name: Vitale, Jeffrey D.
name: Bessler, David A.
name: Vitale, Jeffrey D.
name: Bessler, David A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: The 2005 food crisis centered in Niger received worldwide attention and extensive media coverage. Crops suffered from poor rainfall and were plagued by locusts throughout the growing season. Malnutrition flourished with the sudden disruption in food supplies. One-fifth of Niger's children suffered from moderate to severe forms of malnutrition by the summer of 2005. In an era of increased awareness and the introduction of famine early warning systems, the development community was left wondering why they were for the most part caught off guard by the food crisis. This paper tests whether market prices and price discovery could have played an active role in detecting the food crisis. Directed acyclic graphs are used to test whether price discovery mechanisms within Niger's millet markets were ahead of the early warning systems. Results suggest that as early as October 2005 markets in Arlit and the Dosso province had price anomalies that appeared to begin signaling the upcoming food crisis. This market based discovery came about two months earlier than the warnings issued by the regional early warning networks.
An Augmented Translation Technique for low Resource language pair: Sanskrit to Hindi translation
Creators: name: Kumar, Rashi
name: Jha, Piyush
name: Sahula, Vineet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7

description: Neural Machine Translation (NMT) is an ongoing technique for Machine Translation (MT) using enormous artificial neural network. It has exhibited promising outcomes and has shown incredible potential in solving challenging machine translation exercises. One such exercise is the best approach to furnish great MT to language sets with a little preparing information. In this work, Zero Shot Translation (ZST) is inspected for a low resource language pair. By working on high resource language pairs for which benchmarks are available, namely Spanish to Portuguese, and training on data sets (Spanish-English and English-Portuguese) we prepare a state of proof for ZST system that gives appropriate results on the available data. Subsequently the same architecture is tested for Sanskrit to Hindi translation for which data is sparse, by training the model on English-Hindi and Sanskrit-English language pairs. In order to prepare and decipher with ZST system, we broaden the preparation and interpretation pipelines of NMT seq2seq model in tensorflow, incorporating ZST features. Dimensionality reduction of word embedding is performed to reduce the memory usage for data storage and to achieve a faster training and translation cycles. In this work existing helpful technology has been utilized in an imaginative manner to execute our NLP issue of Sanskrit to Hindi translation. A Sanskrit-Hindi parallel corpus of 300 is constructed for testing. The data required for the construction of parallel corpus has been taken from the telecasted news, published on Department of Public Information, state government of Madhya Pradesh, India website.
Additional file 4 of A co-production approach guided by the behaviour change wheel to develop an intervention for reducing sedentary behaviour after stroke
Creators: name: Hall, Jennifer
name: Morton, Sarah
name: Hall, Jessica
name: Clarke, David J.
name: Fitzsimons, Claire F.
name: English, Coralie
name: Forster, Anne
name: Mead, Gillian E.
name: Lawton, Rebecca
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Topic guides. These are prompts for workshop facilitators based on evidence from earlier work streams.
High-value supply chains, food standards and poor farmers in developing countries: the case of vegetable exports from Senegal
Creators: name: Maertens, Miet
name: Maertens, Miet
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper studies the welfare effects of high-value FFV exports from Senegal to the EU. We analyze how the structure of the export supply chain has changed in response to tightening food standards and investigate the impact for the local population. The study yields four important findings. First, we find that public and private food standards in the EU have lead to increased consolidation and increased vertical coordination in the FFV supply chain with a shift away from smallholder contract-based production to integrated estate production. Second, these structural changes have increased the participation of rural households, and especially poorer households, in the supply chains through wage employment on FFV estates. Third, we find that household participation in FFV export production, whether through contract-farming or through estate wage employment, generates significant income gains. Fourth, high-value FFV trade has a major impact on rural poverty-reduction and the increasing prevalence of food standards is even enhancing this impact.
Decoherence induced by a chaotic environment: A quantum walker with a complex coin
Creators: name: Ermann, Leonardo
name: Paz, Juan Pablo
name: Saraceno, Marcos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the differences between the process of decoherence induced by chaotic and regular environments. For this we analyze a family of simple models wich contain both regular and chaotic environments. In all cases the system of interest is a "quantum walker", i.e. a quantum particle that can move on a lattice with a finite number of sites. The walker interacts with an environment wich has a D dimensional Hilbert space. The results we obtain suggest that regular and chaotic environments are not distinguishable from each other in a (short) timescale t*, wich scales with the dimensionality of the environment as t*~log(D). Howeber, chaotic environments continue to be effective over exponentially longer timescales while regular environments tend to reach saturation much sooner. We present both numerical and analytical results supporting this conclusion. The family of chaotic evolutions we consider includes the so-called quantum multi-baker-map as a particular case.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Coevolutionary Investments in Human Speech and Trade
Creators: name: Bulte, Erwin H.
name: Horan, Richard D.
name: Shogren, Jason F.
name: Bulte, Erwin H.
name: Horan, Richard D.
name: Shogren, Jason F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: We propose a novel explanation for the emergence of language in modern humans, and the lack thereof in other hominids. A coevolutionary process, where trade facilitates speech and speech facilitates trade, driven by expectations and potentially influenced by geography, gives rise to multiple stable development trajectories. While the trade-speech equilibrium is not an inevitable outcome for modern humans, we do find that it is a relatively likely result given that our species evolved in Africa under climatic conditions supporting relatively high population densities.
Effects of photon escape on diagnostic diagrams for HII regions
Creators: name: Giammanco, C.
name: Beckman, J. E.
name: Cedres, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we first outline the mounting evidence that a significant fraction of the ionizing photons emitted by OB stars within HII regions escape from their immediate surroundings and explain how an HII region structure containing high density contrast in homogeneities facilitates this escape. Next we describe sets of models containing inhomogeneities which are used to predict tracks in the commonly used diagnostic diagrams (based on ratios of emission lines) whose only independent variable is the photon escape fraction, xi. We show that the tracks produced by the models in two of the most cited of these diagrams conform well to the distribution of observed data points, with the models containing optically thick inhomogeneities ("CLUMPY" models) yielding somewhat better agreement than those with optically thin inhomogeneities ("FF" models). We show how variations in the ionization parameter U, derived from emission line ratios, could be due to photon escape. Using a rather wide range of assumptions about the filling factor of dense clumps we find, for a selected set of regions observed in M51 photon escape fraction ranging between 30% and 50%. We show, using oxygen as the test element, that models with different assumptions about the gas inhomogeneity will give variations in the abundance values derived from diagnostic diagrams, but do not claim here to have a fully developed set of diagnostic tools to improve abundance determinations made in this way. We finally propose a combination of line ratios with the absolute Halpha luminosity of a given HII region, which allows us to determine the photon escape fraction, and hence resolve the degeneracy between U and xi.
description: 13 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Late Time Behaviors of an Inhomogeneous Rolling Tachyon
Creators: name: Kwon, O-Kab
name: Lee, Chong Oh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an inhomogeneous decay of an unstable D-brane in the context of Dirac-Born-Infeld~(DBI)-type effective action. We consider tachyon and electromagnetic fields with dependence of time and one spatial coordinate, and an exact solution is found under an exponentially decreasing tachyon potential, $e^{-|T|/\sqrt{2}}$, which is valid for the description of the late time behavior of an unstable D-brane. Though the obtained solution contains both time and spatial dependence, the corresponding momentum density vanishes over the entire spacetime region. The solution is governed by two parameters. One adjusts the distribution of energy density in the inhomogeneous direction, and the other interpolates between the homogeneous rolling tachyon and static configuration. As time evolves, the energy of the unstable D-brane is converted into the electric flux and tachyon matter.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure, version to appear in PRD
To gamle gaarde paa toppen af Asylbakken. Den nederste, borteste, er "Bramsalen", et berygtet dansehus for sjømænd. Baklandets misjonshus staar nu paa tomten.
Creators: name: Mathiesen, Henrik
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1898
Subjects: Udefinert

description: Toppen av Asylbakken.
description: Tegning.
An explicitly solvable model of the spontaneous PT-symmetry breaking
Creators: name: Jakubsky, Vit
name: Znojil, Miloslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We contemplate the pair of the purely imaginary delta-function potentials on a finite interval with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The two parameter model exhibits nicely the expected quantitative features of the unavoided level crossing and of a "phase-transition" complexification of the energies. Combining analytic and numerical techniques we investigate strength- and position-dependence of its spectrum.
description: presented in the int. conference "Pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians in Quantum Physics III" (Instanbul, Koc University, June 20 - 22, 2005). accepted in Czechoslovak J. Phys
Additional file 2 of A co-production approach guided by the behaviour change wheel to develop an intervention for reducing sedentary behaviour after stroke
Creators: name: Hall, Jennifer
name: Morton, Sarah
name: Hall, Jessica
name: Clarke, David J.
name: Fitzsimons, Claire F.
name: English, Coralie
name: Forster, Anne
name: Mead, Gillian E.
name: Lawton, Rebecca
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Example materials specifying target behaviour and barriers to achieving the target behaviour. These are written summaries of discussions and updates on developments since the earlier workshops.
Emotion as elicited by components of an E-Commerce interface
Creators: name: Lee, Wilson
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis is a result of a study conducted in an effort to understand, in part, the effects of web interface features (image size, visual fidelity, and motion) on emotional related responses such as valence, arousal, attention, and memory. The study was motivated by the relatively low success rates of Electronic Commerce and the work done by Reeves and Nass (1996). One of Reeves and Nass' major claims is that psychological responses (including emotions) are elicited by interactions with media. This study is an attempt to validate their claims and to extend their theory onto web-based media. We have conducted a laboratory experiment with undergraduate students to test an experimental EC website. Students were instructed to search for information on the web, complete attention and memory tasks, and fill out several self-assessment scales on a questionnaire. We have demonstrated from this study that psychological and sociological factors are important in Human Computer Interaction (HCI). Specifically, we have empirically shown that interface features size, visual fidelity, and motion play important roles in influencing users' emotion. We have also demonstrated that the interaction between visual fidelity and motion plays a minor role in influencing users' emotion (in particular, arousal). Furthermore, emotion (in particular, arousal) has been illustrated to be a factor in affecting consumer behavior. Overall, this study confirmed the relevance of Reeves and Nass' studies in the area of Human-Media interaction. As well, it shed new light on the application of their work to the EC context. It also contributes knowledge to the research community with a relatively new paradigm of studying interface and HCI.
Additional file 3 of A co-production approach guided by the behaviour change wheel to develop an intervention for reducing sedentary behaviour after stroke
Creators: name: Hall, Jennifer
name: Morton, Sarah
name: Hall, Jessica
name: Clarke, David J.
name: Fitzsimons, Claire F.
name: English, Coralie
name: Forster, Anne
name: Mead, Gillian E.
name: Lawton, Rebecca
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Selected examples of workshop materials.
A. Visser't Hooft, Wilhelm, Der Sinn des Wortes "ökumenisch"
Creators: name: Menn, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 3 Nr. 2 (1954): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 3, Heft 2
Additional file 1 of A co-production approach guided by the behaviour change wheel to develop an intervention for reducing sedentary behaviour after stroke
Creators: name: Hall, Jennifer
name: Morton, Sarah
name: Hall, Jessica
name: Clarke, David J.
name: Fitzsimons, Claire F.
name: English, Coralie
name: Forster, Anne
name: Mead, Gillian E.
name: Lawton, Rebecca
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Example personas and infographics. These are examples of materials developed to communicate findings from previous work streams.
Galeorhinus de Blainville 1816
Creators: name: Cicimurri, David J.
name: Ebersole, Jun A.
name: Stringer, Gary L.
name: Starnes, James E.
name: Phillips, George E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Elasmobranchii
Carcharhiniformes
Triakidae
Galeorhinus

description: Genus Galeorhinus de Blainville, 1816
Type species
Squalus galeus Linnaeus, 1758, Extant.
description: Published as part of Cicimurri, David J., Ebersole, Jun A., Stringer, Gary L., Starnes, James E. & Phillips, George E., 2025, Late Oligocene fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) from the Catahoula Formation in Wayne County, Mississippi, USA, pp. 1-131 in European Journal of Taxonomy 984 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.984.2851, http://zenodo.org/record/15126034
Nonequivalent ensembles and metastability
Creators: name: Touchette, Hugo
name: Ellis, Richard S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reviews a number of fundamental connections that exist between nonequivalent microcanonical and canonical ensembles, the appearance of first-order phase transitions in the canonical ensemble, and thermodynamic metastable behavior.
description: 4 pages, RevTeX, 1 figure. Contribution to the Proceedings of the 31st Workshop of the International School of Solid State Physics ``Complexity, Metastability and Nonextensivity'', held at the Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture, Erice, Sicily, Italy, July 2004. Edited by C. Tsallis, A. Rapisarda and C. Beck. To be published by World Scientific, 2005
Does Measurement Error Explain a Paradox About Household Size and Food Demand? Evidence from Variation in Household Survey Methods
Creators: name: Gibson, John
name: Gibson, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food demand
subject: Economies of scale
subject: Household surveys
subject: Measurement error

description: Several recent papers report a puzzling pattern of food demand falling as household size rises at constant per capita expenditure, especially in poorer countries. This pattern is contrary to a widely used model of scale economics. This paper exploits within-country differences in household survey methods and interviewer practices to provide a measurement error interpretation of this puzzle. A comparison of household surveys in Cambodia and Indonesia with the results from Monte Carlo experiments suggest that food expenditure estimates from shorter, less detailed recall surveys have measurement errors that are correlated with household size. These correlated measurement errors contribute to the negative effect of household size on food demand and cause upward bias in Engel estimates of household scale economies.
RURAL CREDIT RATIONING AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Creators: name: Casillas, Gabriel
name: Mitchell, Paul D.
name: Casillas, Gabriel
name: Mitchell, Paul D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: A common problem in agricultural credit markets in developing countries is the coexistence of a competitive market equilibrium interest rate and credit rationing. The literature typically explains the existence of credit rationing in competitive credit markets using adverse selection and moral hazard. Unfortunately these analyses are not consistent with the empirical reality that developing countries deal with in terms of subsidized credit, especially in the agricultural sector. This paper presents an alternative explanation for credit rationing in the agricultural sector in developing countries based on the fact that the requested loans are usually for small amounts, with many farmers making applications. As a result, the costs of operation increase with the number of loans given, so that inefficiencies in credit allocation occur when national development banks are present. It is shown that credit rationing can be reduced if shutting-down the national development bank is a feasible policy. Two other cases show that a national development bank is welfare-improving if an incentive compatible contract is used.
Regimes of Soft Lubrication
Creators: name: Essink, Martin
name: Pandey, Anupam
name: Karpitschka, Stefan
name: Venner, Kees
name: Snoeijer, Jacco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elastohydrodynamic lubrication, or simply soft lubrication, refers to the motion of deformable objects near a boundary lubricated by a fluid, and is one of the key physical mechanisms to minimise friction and wear in natural and engineered systems. Hence it is of particular interest to relate the thickness of the lubricant layer to the entrainment (sliding/rolling) velocity, the mechanical loading exerted onto the contacting elements, and properties of the elastic boundary. In this work we provide an overview of the various regimes of soft lubrication for two-dimensional cylinders in lubricated contact with compliant walls. We discuss the limits of small and large entrainment velocity, which is equivalent to large and small elastic deformations, as the cylinder moves near thick or thin elastic layers. The analysis focusses on thin elastic coatings, both compressible and incompressible, for which analytical scaling laws are not yet available in the regime of large deformations. By analysing the elastohydrodynamic boundary layers that appear at the edge of the contact, we establish the missing scaling laws - including prefactors. As such, we offer a rather complete overview of physically relevant limits of soft lubrication.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures
FACTORS AFFECTING REGIONAL SHIFTS OF U.S PORK PRODUCTION
Creators: name: Adhikari, Bishwa B.
name: Harsh, Stephen B.
name: Cheney, Laura Martin
name: Adhikari, Bishwa B.
name: Harsh, Stephen B.
name: Cheney, Laura Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: The U.S. pork industry in the recent past has transferred into fewer, larger and specialized operations. Inputs availability, developments of transportation systems, technological changes, government regulations and the consumer preferences have been driving changes in the pork industry. Spatial inequalities affect the competitiveness of one region relative to other regions. This paper is focused on how these forces affect the regional competitiveness of the pork industry and movement towards larger, specialized and geographically concentrated operations. A mathematical programming model is used to analyze the effect of market forces on the pork industry structure. The results of this study show that although raising hogs in larger operations is less costly, small-sized operations in some regions still need to produce hogs to meet the demand for consumption and export. Environmental compliance cost is considered one of the major factors of industry relocation; the analysis showed that the effect of such costs was minimal. Feed costs and transportation costs play a greater role in location of production and processing. Pork operations tend to locate near the populous areas to meet the consumer demand and to minimize the transportation cost. Pressures from current and future environment regulations, moratoria and scarcity of agricultural land for manure management tend to keep the hog operations away from high population areas. A future scenario analysis suggested that the Western region of the U.S. would experience higher growth in pork production. The current trend of fewer and larger production units and location change in the pork industry will continue.
TESTING AGGREGATION CONSISTENCY ACROSS GEOGRAPHY AND COMMODITIES
Creators: name: Liu, Qinghua
name: Shumway, C. Richard
name: Liu, Qinghua
name: Shumway, C. Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Aggregation
subject: commodity
subject: geographic
subject: composite commodity theorem
subject: multiple-comparison tests.

description: Consistent aggregation of production data across commodities and states was tested using Lewbel's generalized composite commodity theorem (GCCT). This was the first empirical GCCT test for consistent geographic aggregation and was applied to two groups of states. Consistent commodity aggregation was tested in all states for two output groups and three input groups and in one state for a larger number of groups. Using a more powerful test procedure than previously applied to production data, most tests for commodity aggregation gave ambiguous results. Consistent geographic aggregation was generally supported across Pacific Northwest states but was ambiguous across all Western states. Key words: Aggregation, commodity, geographic, composite commodity theorem, multiple-comparison tests.
Non-Abelian Brane Worlds: The Heterotic String Story
Creators: name: Blumenhagen, Ralph
name: Honecker, Gabriele
name: Weigand, Timo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss chiral supersymmetric compactifications of the SO(32) heterotic string on Calabi-Yau manifolds equipped with direct sums of stable bundles with structure group U(n). In addition we allow for non-perturbative heterotic five-branes. These models are S-dual to Type I compactifications with D9- and D5-branes, which by themselves are mirror symmetric to general intersecting D6-brane models. For the construction of concrete examples we consider elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau manifolds with SU(n) bundles given by the spectral cover construction. The U(n) bundles are obtained via twisting by line bundles. We present a four-generation Pati-Salam and a three-generation Standard-like model.
description: 29 pages, 7 tables, LATEX; v2: refs added