cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lorentz's model with dissipative collisions
Creators: name: Martin, Ph. A.
name: Piasecki, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Propagation of a particle accelerated by an external field through a scattering medium is studied within the generalized Lorentz model allowing inelastic collisions. Energy losses at collisions are proportional to $(1-α^{2})$, where $0\leα\le 1$ is the restitution coefficient. For $α=1$ (elastic collisions) there is no stationary state. It is proved in one dimension that when $α<1$ the stationary state exists . The corresponding velocity distribution changes from a highly asymmetric half-gaussian ($α=0$) to an asymptotically symmetric distribution $\sim {\rm exp}[-(1-α)v^{4}/2]$, for $α\to 1$. The identical scaling behavior in the limit of weak inelasticity is derived in three dimensions by a self-consistent perturbation analysis, in accordance with the behavior of rigorously evaluated moments. The dependence on the external field scales out in any dimension, predicting in particular the stationary current to be proportional to the square root of the external acceleration.
description: 13 pages, no figures, submitted to Physica A
Constructing Qubits in Physical Systems
Creators: name: Viola, Lorenza
name: Knill, Emanuel
name: Laflamme, Raymond
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The notion of a qubit is ubiquitous in quantum information processing. In spite of the simple abstract definition of qubits as two-state quantum systems, identifying qubits in physical systems is often unexpectedly difficult. There are an astonishing variety of ways in which qubits can emerge from devices. What essential features are required for an implementation to properly instantiate a qubit? We give three typical examples and propose an operational characterization of qubits based on quantum observables and subsystems.
description: 16 pages, no figures; IoP LaTeX2e style. Submitted to J. Phys. A: Math. Gen
Effective charges and statistical signatures in the noise of normal metal--superconductor junctions at arbitrary bias
Creators: name: Torres, Julien
name: Martin, Thierry
name: Lesovik, Gordey B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shot noise is studied in a single normal metal-superconductor (N-S) junction at finite frequency, and for branched N-S junctions at zero frequency. The noise spectral density displays a singularity at the Josephson frequency ($ω= 2eV/\hbar$) when the applied bias is smaller than gap of the superconductor. Yet, in the limit $eV\gg Δ$, quasiparticle contributions yield a singularity at $ω= eV/\hbar$ analogous to that of a normal metal. The crossover between these two regimes shows new structures in the noise characteristic, pointing out the failure of the effective charge model. As an alternative to a finite frequency measurement, if a sinusoidal external field is superposed to the constant bias (non stationary Aharonov--Bohm effect), the second derivative of the zero frequency noise with respect to the voltage exhibits peaks when the frequency of the perturbation is commensurate with the Josephson frequency. Finally, the statistical aspects of noise are studied with an analog of the Hanbury-Brown and Twiss experiment for fermions: a superconductor connected to two normal leads. Noise correlations are found to be either negative (fermionic) or positive (bosonic), due to the presence of evanescent Cooper pairs in the normal side of the junction, in the latter case.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures, some minor changes
Light Sheets with Extended Length
Creators: name: Du, Shengwang
name: Zhao, Teng
name: Zhao, Luwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High resolution light-sheet optical microscopy requires illuminating a sample by a thin excitation light sheet with large area. Here, we describe methods for producing light sheets with extended length, as compared to Gaussian-beam-type diffracting light sheets with the same thickness, without scanning or dithering the light beams.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Crashes as Critical Points
Creators: name: Johansen, Anders
name: Ledoit, Olivier
name: Sornette, Didier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a rational expectation model of bubbles and crashes. The model has two components : (1) our key assumption is that a crash may be caused by local self-reinforcing imitation between noise traders. If the tendency for noise traders to imitate their nearest neighbors increases up to a certain point called the ``critical'' point, all noise traders may place the same order (sell) at the same time, thus causing a crash. The interplay between the progressive strengthening of imitation and the ubiquity of noise is characterized by the hazard rate, i.e. the probability per unit time that the crash will happen in the next instant if it has not happened yet. (2) Since the crash is not a certain deterministic outcome of the bubble, it remains rational for traders to remain invested provided they are compensated by a higher rate of growth of the bubble for taking the risk of a crash. Our model distinguishes between the end of the bubble and the time of the crash,: the rational expectation constraint has the specific implication that the date of the crash must be random. The theoretical death of the bubble is not the time of the crash because the crash could happen at any time before, even though this is not very likely. The death of the bubble is the most probable time for the crash. There also exists a finite probability of attaining the end of the bubble without crash. Our model has specific predictions about the presence of certain critical log-periodic patterns in pre-crash prices, associated with the deterministic components of the bubble mechanism. We provide empirical evidence showing that these patterns were indeed present before the crashes of 1929, 1962 and 1987 on Wall Street and the 1997 crash on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. These results are compared with statistical tests on synthetic data.
description: A total of 40 pages including 9 figures and 6 tables
Statistically Significant Concept-based Explanation of Image Classifiers via Model Knockoffs
Creators: name: Xu, Kaiwen
name: Fukuchi, Kazuto
name: Akimoto, Youhei
name: Sakuma, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A concept-based classifier can explain the decision process of a deep learning model by human-understandable concepts in image classification problems. However, sometimes concept-based explanations may cause false positives, which misregards unrelated concepts as important for the prediction task. Our goal is to find the statistically significant concept for classification to prevent misinterpretation. In this study, we propose a method using a deep learning model to learn the image concept and then using the Knockoff samples to select the important concepts for prediction by controlling the False Discovery Rate (FDR) under a certain value. We evaluate the proposed method in our synthetic and real data experiments. Also, it shows that our method can control the FDR properly while selecting highly interpretable concepts to improve the trustworthiness of the model.
description: Accepted to IJCAI'23
First-order transitions and triple point on a random p-spin interaction model
Creators: name: de Araujo, J. M.
name: da Costa, F. A.
name: Nobre, F. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of competing quadrupolar- and spin-glass orderings are investigated on a spin-1 Ising model with infinite-range random $p$-spin interactions. The model is studied through the replica approach and a phase diagram is obtained in the limit $p\to\infty$. The phase diagram, obtained within replica-symmetry breaking, exhibits a very unusual feature in magnetic models: three first-order transition lines meeting at a commom triple point, where all phases of the model coexist.
description: 9 pages, 2 ps figures included
Technicolor models with coupled systems of Schwinger-Dyson equations
Creators: name: Doff, A.
name: Natale, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When Technicolor (TC), QCD, Extended Technicolor (ETC) and other interactions become coupled through their different Schwinger-Dyson equations, the solution of these equations are modified in comparison with the ones of the isolated equations. The change in the self-energies is similar to the one obtained in the presence of four-fermion interactions, but without their \textsl{ad hoc} inclusion in the theory. In this case TC and QCD self-energies decrease logarithmically with the momenta, what allow us to build models where ETC boson masses can be pushed to very high energies, and their effects will barely appear at present energies. Here we present a detailed discussion of this class of TC models. We first review the Schwinger-Dyson TC and QCD coupled equations, explaining the origin of the asymptotic self-energies. We develop the basic ideas of how viable TC models may be built along this line, where ordinary lepton masses appear naturally lighter than quark masses. One specific unified TC model associated with a necessary horizontal (or family) symmetry is described. The values of scalar and pseudo-Goldstone boson masses in this class of models are also discussed, as well as the value of the trilinear scalar coupling, and the consistency of the models with the experimental constraints.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, v2:minor corrections, reference added, accepted for publication in PRD
Interaction-induced Liouvillian skin effect in a fermionic chain with a two-body loss
Creators: name: Hamanaka, Shu
name: Yamamoto, Kazuki
name: Yoshida, Tsuneya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite recent intensive research on topological aspects of open quantum systems, effects of strong interactions have not been sufficiently explored. In this paper, we demonstrate that complex-valued interactions induce the Liouvillian skin effect by analyzing a one-dimensional correlated model with two-body loss. We show that, in the presence of complex-valued interactions, eigenmodes and eigenvalues of the Liouvillian strongly depend on boundary conditions. Specifically, we find that complex-valued interactions induce localization of eigenmodes of the Liouvillian around the right edge under open boundary conditions. To characterize the Liouvllian skin effect, we define the topological invariant by using the Liouvillian superoperator. Then, we numerically confirm that the topological invariant captures the Liouvillian skin effect. Furthermore, the presence of the localization of eigenmodes results in the unique dynamics observed only under open boundary conditions: particle accumulation at the right edge in transient dynamics. Our result paves the way to realize topological phenomena in open quantum systems induced by strong interactions.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures
MOESM1 of Iron and folic acid supplementation adherence among pregnant women attending antenatal care in North Wollo Zone northern Ethiopia: institution based cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Asmamaw Demis
name: Biftu Geda
name: Tadesse Alemayehu
name: Haimanot Abebe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Distribution of socio-demographic characteristics of pregnant womenâ s attending ANC in North Wollo Zone, northern Ethiopia, 2018.
Additional file 1: of What is known about the effects of exercise or training to reduce skeletal muscle impairments of patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1? A scoping review
Creators: name: Marie-Pier Roussel
name: Morin, Marika
name: Gagnon, Cynthia
name: Duchesne, Elise
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Search words and headings. All search words and headings used in the different data bases (Medline (EBSCO), Pubmed, CINAHL (EBSCO) and EMBASE) can be found in this additional file. (DOCX 19 kb)
Landlust statt Landfrust: Soziale Arbeit an Schulen im ländlichen Raum: Eine qualitative Forschung am Beispiel des Kantons Graubünden
Creators: name: Salihaj, Saranda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: In der vorliegenden Bachelor-Arbeit «Soziale Arbeit an Schulen im ländlichen Raum: Eine qualitative Forschung am Beispiel des Kantons Graubünden» untersucht die Autorin Saranda Salihaj, welche Besonderheiten und Herausforderungen die Soziale Arbeit an Schulen im ländlichen Raum aufweist. Die Arbeit geht zunächst einzeln auf die Themen ländlicher Raum und Soziale Arbeit in der Schule ein und arbeitet Definitionen für diese Themenbereiche heraus. Um die Forschungsfrage zu beantworten, wurden qualitative Interviews mit sechs Expert*innen der Sozialen Arbeit in der Schule aus vier Regionen des Kantons Graubünden durchgeführt. Für die Auswertung der Interviews wurde das pragmatische Auswertungsverfahren von Mühlfeld et al. herangezogen. Es zeigt sich, dass die Fachpersonen sehr heterogene Rahmenbedingungen haben und dass alle eine Erhöhung der Stellenprozente befürworten. Zudem wird aus den Antworten deutlich, dass der niederschwellige Zugang zur Sozialen Arbeit in der Schule aufgrund der tiefen Anstellungsgrade und der gleichzeitigen Betreuung mehrerer Schulen nicht immer gewährleistet werden kann. Um die Soziale Arbeit in der Schule im Kanton Graubünden flächendeckend zu implementieren und um eine hohe Qualität zu gewährleisten, empfiehlt die Autorin, eine kantonale gesetzliche Grundlage einzuführen. Dabei sollten die Herausforderungen und Besonderheiten im ländlichen Raum berücksichtigt werden. Zudem empfiehlt die Autorin, dass die Fachpersonen mehr Öffentlichkeitsarbeit leisten und mit Berufsverbänden, Vereinen und anderen Bündnispartner*innen zusammenarbeiten sollten, um sich effektiver für ihre Anliegen einsetzen zu können.
description: + Code Diss LU: hslusa basa 2019 + Fussnote: Bachelorarbeit, Hochschule Luzern - Soziale Arbeit, Ausbildungsgang Sozialarbeit, 2019 + NL-Code: NLLUHSA201909
MOESM1 of Self-organizing scale-free patterns in a phase-modulated periodic connecting system
Creators: name: Matsunaga, Tsutomu
name: Muramatsu, Masaaki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1a. The 20 most frequent words in the OMIM text (terms are sorted in descending order according to their frequencies). Table S1b. The 20 most frequent connections in the OMIM text (connections are sorted in descending order according to their frequencies). Figure S1. A rank-ordered frequency distribution in the OMIM text: (a) word frequency and (b) connection frequency. The least-squares fitting of the word frequency plot yields λ (scaling exponent) = 1.26 and R2 = 0.993 to obey Zipf’s law. For the connection frequency plot, λ (scaling exponent) = 0.909 and R2 = 0.988 are obtained. Figure S2. Examples of distributing a resource of the phase-modulated connecting system for the case of a total of 500 balls and 250 urns (N = 500, K = 250): (a) initial setting, (b) after 0.5 million iterations, and (c) after 4.8 million iterations. The vertical bars show the number of balls in the 250 urns. The ball movements create such a heterogeneity that balls are admeasured into the three modules which are around 20, 100, and 180 of the numbered urns (b), and then a few urns with larger numbers of balls have co-appeared (c).
Temporally stable coherent states in energy degenerate systems: The hydrogen atom
Creators: name: Crawford, Michael G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Klauder's recent generalization of the harmonic oscillator coherent states [J. Phys. A 29, L293 (1996)] is applicable only in non-degenerate systems, requiring some additional structure if applied to systems with degeneracies. The author suggests how this structure could be added, and applies the complete method to the hydrogen atom problem. To illustrate how a certain degree of freedom in the construction may be exercised, states are constructed which are initially localized and evolve semi-classically, and whose long time evolution exhibits "fractional revivals."
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Clumpy jets from black hole-massive star binaries as engines of Fast Radio Bursts
Creators: name: Yi, Shu-Xu
name: Cheng, K. S.
name: Luo, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new model of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) based on stellar mass black hole-massive star binaries. We argue that the inhomogeneity of the circumstellar materials or/and the time varying wind activities of the stellar companion will cause the black hole to accrete at a transient super-Eddington rate. The collision among the clumpy ejecta in the resulted jet could trigger plasma instability. As a result, the plasma in the jet will emit coherent curvature radiation. When the jet cone aims toward the observer, the apparent luminosity can be $10^{41}-10^{42}$\,erg/s. The duration of the resulted flare is $\sim$ millisecond. The high event rate of the observed non-repeating FRBs can be explained. A similar scenario in the vicinity of a supermassive black hole can be used to explain the interval distribution of the repeating source FRB121102 qualitatively.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Revisiting weak values through non-normality
Creators: name: Ferraz, Lorena Ballesteros
name: Muolo, Riccardo
name: Caudano, Yves
name: Carletti, Timoteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum measurement is one of the most fascinating and discussed phenomena in quantum physics, due to the impact on the system of the measurement action and the resulting interpretation issues. Scholars proposed weak measurements to amplify measured signals by exploiting a quantity called a weak value, but also to overcome philosophical difficulties related to the system perturbation induced by the measurement process. The method finds many applications and raises many philosophical questions as well, especially about the proper interpretation of the observations. In this paper, we show that any weak value can be expressed as the expectation value of a suitable non-normal operator. We propose a preliminary explanation of their anomalous and amplification behavior based on the theory of non-normal matrices and their link with non-normality: the weak value is different from an eigenvalue when the operator involved in the expectation value is non-normal. Our study paves the way for a deeper understanding of the measurement phenomenon, helps the design of experiments, and it is a call for collaboration to researchers in both fields to unravel new quantum phenomena induced by non-normality.
Noise in neurons is message-dependent
Creators: name: Cecchi, Guillermo A.
name: Sigman, Mariano
name: Alonso, Jose-Manuel
name: Martinez, Luis
name: Chialvo, Dante R.
name: Magnasco, Marcelo O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantitative Biology (q-bio)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Neuronal responses are conspicuously variable. We focus on one particular aspect of that variability: the precision of action potential timing. We show that for common models of noisy spike generation, elementary considerations imply that such variability is a function of the input, and can be made arbitrarily large or small by a suitable choice of inputs. Our considerations are expected to extend to virtually any mechanism of spike generation, and we illustrate them with data from the visual pathway. Thus, a simplification usually made in the application of information theory to neural processing is violated: noise {\sl is not independent of the message}. However, we also show the existence of {\sl error-correcting} topologies, which can achieve better timing reliability than their components.
description: 6 pages,6 figures. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (in press)
Additional file 2 of LSM-W2: laser scanning microscopy worker for wheat leaf surface morphology
Creators: name: Zubairova, Ulyana S.
name: Verman, Pavel Yu.
name: Oshchepkova, Polina A.
name: Elsukova, Alina S.
name: Doroshkov, Alexey V.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: LSM-W2 user manual. (DOCX 1266 kb)
Generic entanglement generation, quantum statistics and complementarity
Creators: name: Bose, S.
name: Home, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general and an arbitrarily efficient scheme for entangling the spins (or any spin-like degree of freedom) of two independent uncorrelated identical particles by a combination of two particle interferometry and which way detection is formulated. It is shown that the same setup could be used to identify the quantum statistics of the incident particles from either the sign or the magnitude of measured spin correlations. Our setup also exhibits a curious complementarity between particle distinguishability and the amount of generated entanglement.
description: To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Bloch point nanospheres for the design of magnetic traps
Creators: name: Tejo, F.
name: Zambrano-Rabanal, C.
name: Carvalho-Santos, V.
name: Vidal-Silva, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Through micromagnetic simulations, this work analyzes the stability of Bloch points in magnetic nanospheres and the possibility of using an array of such particles to compose a system with the features of a magnetic trap. We show that a BP can be nucleated as a metastable configuration in a relatively wide range of the nanosphere radius compared to a quasi-uniform and vortex state. We also show that the stabilized Bloch point generates a quadrupolar magnetic field outside it, from which we analyze the field profile of different arrays of these nanospheres to show that the obtained magnetic field shares the features of magnetic traps. Some of the highlights of the proposed magnetic traps rely on the magnetic field gradients achieved, which are orders of magnitude higher than standard magnetic traps, and allow three-dimensional trapping. Our results could be useful in trapping particles through the intrinsic magnetization of ferromagnetic nanoparticles while avoiding the commonly used mechanisms associated with Joule heating.
Additional file 1: of Comparative genomics and pathogenicity potential of members of the Pseudomonas syringae species complex on Prunus spp
Creators: name: Ruinelli, Michela
name: Blom, Jochen
name: Smits, Theo
name: JoĂŤl Pothier
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: This file contains all supplementary tables and figures listed below. Table S1. List of phytotoxins and phytohormons screened in this study. Table S1. List of type III effectors (T3E) screened in this study and their respective locus tags in reference genomes. Table S2. Metrics of the PacBio RSII sequencing results. Table S3. Metrics of the Illumina MiSeq sequencing results for the two Pseudomonas syringae pv. persicae (Ppe) strains. Table S4. Metrics of the Illumina MiSeq sequencing results for the two Pseudomonas 11 syringae pv. persicae (Ppe) strains. Figure S1. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) matrix based on BLASTn and derived phylogeny of a set of the Pseudomonas syringae genomes used in this study. Figure S2. Pathogenicity test results performed on cherry immature fruitlets. (PDF 1680 kb)
Additional file 1 of Transcriptome analysis of peripheral whole blood identifies crucial lncRNAs implicated in childhood asthma
Creators: name: Zheng, Peiyan
name: Huang, Chen
name: Leng, Dongliang
name: Sun, Baoqing
name: Zhang, Xiaohua Douglas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Basic statistics of deep RNA sequencing data before and after processing.
From spinons to magnons in explicit and spontaneously dimerized antiferromagnetic chains
Creators: name: Dobry, Ariel
name: Ibaceta, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconsider the excitation spectra of a dimerized and frustrated antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain. This model is taken as the simpler example of compiting spontaneous and explicit dimerization relevant for Spin-Peierls compounds. The bosonized theory is a two frequency Sine-Gordon field theory. We analize the excitation spectrum by semiclassical methods. The elementary triplet excitation corresponds to an extended magnon whose radius diverge for vanishing dimerization. The internal oscilations of the magnon give rise to a series of excited state until another magnon is emited and a two magnon continuum is reached. We discuss, for weak dimerization, in which way the magnon forms as a result of a spinon-spinon interaction potential.
description: 5 pages, latex, 3 figures embedded in the text
Additional file 1 of LSM-W2: laser scanning microscopy worker for wheat leaf surface morphology
Creators: name: Zubairova, Ulyana S.
name: Verman, Pavel Yu.
name: Oshchepkova, Polina A.
name: Elsukova, Alina S.
name: Doroshkov, Alexey V.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Staining and microscopy protocol. (DOCX 15 kb)
Spectral and Jet Properties of the Quasi-thermal Dominated GRB 210121A, GRB 210610B and GRB 221022B
Creators: name: Song, Xin-Ying
name: Wang, Ling-Jun
name: Zhang, Shu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some quasi-thermal (QT) dominated gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) could be well described by a multi-color blackbody (BB) function or a combined model of BB plus non-thermal (NT) component. In this analysis, two QT radiation-dominated bursts with known emission properties (GRB 210610B likely from a hybrid jet, and GRB 210121A with a spectrum consistent with a non-dissipative photospheric emission from a pure hot fireball) are used to make a comparison between these two modelings. To diagnose the magnetization properties of the central engine, the `top-down' approach proposed by Gao \& Zhang is adopted. It is found that diagnoses based on these two modelings could provide similar conclusions qualitatively; however, the modeling with mBB (or mBB+NT) may give more reasonable physical explanations. This implies that impacts from the GRB jet structure and the geometrical broadening on the observed spectrum should be considered. However, conservatively, these methods may be not sensitive enough to distinguish between the pure hot fireball and a mildly magnetized hybrid jet. Some other information is necessary to provide more evidence for the determination of jet properties for similar GRBs. Based on these considerations, we suggest that the photospheric emission of GRB 221022B is from a hot jet; a dissipation is caused by a internal shock (IS) mechanism due to the increasing Lorentz Factor with time, which makes its prompt emission behaves a typical evolution from thermal to NT.
description: Published in ApJ on Jan 19th 2024. Accepted for publication in The ApJ on 19 Nov. 16 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, submitted to ApJ on 06-May-2023
The Influence of Distant Boundaries on the Solvation of Charged Particles
Creators: name: Remsing, Richard C.
name: Weeks, John D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The long-ranged nature of the Coulomb potential requires a proper accounting for the influence of even distant electrostatic boundaries in the determination of the solvation free energy of a charged solute. We introduce an exact rewriting of the free energy change upon charging a solute that explicitly isolates the contribution from these boundaries and quantifies the impact of the different boundaries on the free energy. We demonstrate the importance and advantages of appropriately referencing the electrostatic potential to that of the vacuum through the study of several simple model charge distributions, for which we can isolate an analytic contribution from the boundaries that can be readily evaluated in computer simulations of molecular systems. Finally, we highlight that the constant potential of the bulk dielectric phase - the Bethe potential - cannot contribute to the solvation thermodynamics of a single charged solute when the charge distributions of the solvent and solute do not overlap in relevant configurations. But when the charge distribution of a single solute can overlap with the intramolecular charge distribution of solvent molecules, as is the case in electron holography, for example, the Bethe potential is needed when comparing to experiment. Our work may also provide insight into the validity of "extra thermodynamic assumptions" traditionally made during the experimental determination of single ion solvation free energies.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Heavy-Fermions in LiV2O4: Kondo-Compensation vs. Spin-Liquid Behavior?
Creators: name: Kaps, H.
name: Büttgen, N.
name: Trinkl, W.
name: Loidl, A.
name: Klemm, M.
name: Horn, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 7Li NMR measurements were performed in the metallic spinel LiV2O4. The temperature dependencies of the line width, the Knight shift and the spin-lattice relaxation rate were investigated in the temperature range 30 mK < T < 280 K. For temperatures T < 1 K we observe a spin-lattice relaxation rate which slows down exponentially. The NMR results can be explained by a spin-liquid behavior and the opening of a spin gap of the order 0.6 K.
Additional file 2 of Transcriptome analysis of peripheral whole blood identifies crucial lncRNAs implicated in childhood asthma
Creators: name: Zheng, Peiyan
name: Huang, Chen
name: Leng, Dongliang
name: Sun, Baoqing
name: Zhang, Xiaohua Douglas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Basic statistics of clean reads alignment against to the Homo sapiens genome sequence.
Discovery of An Active Intermediate-Mass Black Hole Candidate in the Barred Bulgeless Galaxy NGC 3319
Creators: name: Jiang, Ning
name: Wang, Tinggui
name: Zhou, Hongyan
name: Shu, Xinwen
name: Yang, Chenwei
name: Dou, Liming
name: Sun, Luming
name: Dong, Xiaobo
name: Wang, Shaoshao
name: Yang, Huan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of an active intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) candidate in the center of nearby barred bulgeless galaxy $\rm NGC~3319$. The point X-ray source revealed by archival Chandra and XMM-Newton observations is spatially coincident with the optical and UV galactic nuclei from Hubble Space Telescope observations. The spectral energy distribution derived from the unresolved X-ray and UV-optical flux is comparable with active galactic nuclei (AGNs) rather than ultra-luminous X-ray sources, although its bolometric luminosity is only $3.6\times10^{40}~\rm erg~s^{-1}$. Assuming an Eddington ratio range between 0.001 and 1, the black hole mass ($M_\rm{BH}$) will be located at $3\times10^2-3\times10^5~M_{\odot}$, placing it in the so-called IMBH regime and could be the one of the lowest reported so far. Estimates from other approaches (e.g., fundamental plane, X-ray variability) also suggest $M_\rm{BH}\lesssim10^5~M_{\odot}$.Similar to other BHs in bulgeless galaxies, the discovered IMBH resides in a nuclear star cluster with mass of $\sim6\times10^6~M_{\odot}$. The detection of such a low-mass BH offers us an ideal chance to study the formation and early growth of SMBH seeds, which may result from the bar-driven inflow in late-type galaxies with a prominent bar such as $\rm NGC~3319$.
description: ApJ accepted, 2 tables, 6 figures
Bell's inequalities II: logical loophole in their interpretation
Creators: name: Sica, Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assumed data streams from a delayed choice gedanken experiment must satisfy a Bell's identity independently of locality assumptions. The violation of Bell's inequality by assumed correlations of identical form among these data streams implies that they cannot all result from statistically equivalent variables of a homogeneous process. This is consistent with both the requirements of arithmetic and distinctions between commuting and noncommuting observables in quantum mechanics. Neglect of these distinctions implies a logical loophole in the conventional interpretation of Bell's inequalities.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures
GMMap: Memory-Efficient Continuous Occupancy Map Using Gaussian Mixture Model
Creators: name: Li, Peter Zhi Xuan
name: Karaman, Sertac
name: Sze, Vivienne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Energy consumption of memory accesses dominates the compute energy in energy-constrained robots which require a compact 3D map of the environment to achieve autonomy. Recent mapping frameworks only focused on reducing the map size while incurring significant memory usage during map construction due to multi-pass processing of each depth image. In this work, we present a memory-efficient continuous occupancy map, named GMMap, that accurately models the 3D environment using a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). Memory-efficient GMMap construction is enabled by the single-pass compression of depth images into local GMMs which are directly fused together into a globally-consistent map. By extending Gaussian Mixture Regression to model unexplored regions, occupancy probability is directly computed from Gaussians. Using a low-power ARM Cortex A57 CPU, GMMap can be constructed in real-time at up to 60 images per second. Compared with prior works, GMMap maintains high accuracy while reducing the map size by at least 56%, memory overhead by at least 88%, DRAM access by at least 78%, and energy consumption by at least 69%. Thus, GMMap enables real-time 3D mapping on energy-constrained robots.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables
Lagrangian method for multiple correlations in passive scalar advection
Creators: name: Frisch, U.
name: Mazzino, A.
name: Noullez, A.
name: Vergassola, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Lagrangian method is introduced for calculating simultaneous n-point correlations of a passive scalar advected by a random velocity field, with random forcing and finite molecular diffusivity kappa. The method, which is here presented in detail, is particularly well suited for studying the kappa tending to 0 limit when the velocity field is not smooth. Efficient Monte Carlo simulations based on this method are applied to the Kraichnan model of passive scalar and lead to accurate determinations of the anomalous intermittency corrections in the fourth-order structure function as a function of the scaling exponent xi of the velocity field in two and three dimensions. Anomalous corrections are found to vanish in the limits xi tending to 0 and xi tending to 2, as predicted by perturbation theory.
description: 11 pages, LATEX, 8 figures. To appear in Phys. Fluids (revised version, minor corrections) Special issue Proceedings of the May 1998 Los Alamos workshop in honor of Robert H. Kraichnan
Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays: Anomalies, QCD, and LHC data
Creators: name: d'Enterria, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of proton and nuclear collisions at the Large Hadron Collider at nucleon-nucleon c.m. energies up to $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 13 TeV, have improved our understanding of hadronic interactions at the highest energies reached in collisions of cosmic rays with nuclei in the earth atmosphere, up to $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\approx 450$ TeV. The Monte Carlo event generators (EPOS, QGSJET, and SIBYLL) commonly used to describe the air showers generated by ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECR, with $E_{CR}\approx 10^{17}$--$10^{20}$ eV) feature now, after parameter retuning based on LHC Run-I data, more consistent predictions on the nature of the cosmic rays at the tail of the measured spectrum. However, anomalies persist in the data that cannot be accommodated by the models. Among others, the total number of muons (as well as their maximum production depth) remains significantly underestimated (overestimated) by all models. Comparisons of EPOS, QGSJET, and SIBYLL predictions to the latest LHC data, and to collider MC generators such as PYTHIA, indicate that improved description of hard multiple minijet production and nuclear effects may help reduce part of the data--model discrepancies, shed light on the UHECR composition approaching the observed $E_{CR}\approx 10^{20}$ eV cutoff, and uncover any potential new physics responsible of the observed anomalies.
description: Minor text corrections. 6 pages, 10 figures. Proceedings of UHECR2018 (Paris). EDP WebOfConf to appear
Simple Microscopic Theory of Amontons' Laws for Static Friction
Creators: name: Müser, M. H.
name: Wenning, L.
name: Robbins, M. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A microscopic theory for the ubiquitous phenomenon of static friction is presented. Interactions between two surfaces are modeled by an energy penalty that increases exponentially with the degree of surface overlap. The resulting static friction is proportional to load, in accordance with Amontons' laws. However the friction coefficient between bare surfaces vanishes as the area of individual contacts grows, except in the rare case of commensurate surfaces. An area independent friction coefficient is obtained for any surface geometry when an adsorbed layer of mobile atoms is introduced between the surfaces. The predictions from our simple analytic model are confirmed by atomistically detailed molecular dynamics simulations.
description: 4 pages 4 figures
title: Investigation into the potential differences between Male Scottish International Field Hockey players based upon the location of their club team throughout a Domestic and International season
Creators: name: Traynor, Emma
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2019

description: The aim of this study was to investigate and audit the potential differences of the intensity of training and gameplay experienced throughout a season within the Scottish Senior Men’s hockey team dependent on the location of their club team. 25 elite male players (age: 25 ± 3.7) wore 10Hz Playertek Global Positioning Systems (GPS) over the course of a season to measure total distance, sprint distance and speed zones (SZ1=0-11km·hrˉ¹, SZ2=11-15 km·hrˉ¹, SZ3=15-19 km·hrˉ¹, SZ4=19-23 km·hrˉ¹, SZ5=>23 km·hrˉ¹) covered in both club and international training and games. The data was analysed both in an Non-Standardised fashion where durations were unaltered and separately the data was also analysed in a Standardised form to a rate of 60 minutes . All sessions were included in the analysis but only those found to have significant differences (p<0.05) were analysed in further detail. It was found that when comparing each region (Europe, Scotland, England) within one session type (Club Training, Club Game, International Game, International Training) that significant differences were found within club games and club training. Within club games the differences between regions were found to show that Scottish based players cover 7.0±1.6km, English based players to cover 7.1±1.2km and European based players to cover 5.9±1.4km on average. Separately when comparing between different sessions it was found that there was a significant difference between club games and club training with Scottish based players covering 6.0±1.5km in club games compared to 3.6±0.6km in training, English based players covering 6.1±1.1km in games compared to 3.9±0.9km in training and Europe covering 5.1±1.2km in games compared to 4.1±0.8km in club training. Finally speed zone analysis was carried out and it was found that as a whole each region performed similarly across each of the three regions. However, 2 players from the region of Scotland behaved differently from the rest, with each player covering between 26-30% and 15-19% in speed zones 2 & 3 respectively compared to the average of 19% for speed zones 2 and 12% for speed zone 3 for the remaining subjects. In conclusion, it was found that differences did occur in the intensity experienced within training and games in different regions and also across different types of international or club sessions. However whether these differences are down to the specific region that the players are within or a result of other factors such as training content, pitch time or other in inconclusive at this point.
Improving forecasting accuracy of time series data using a new ARIMA-ANN hybrid method and empirical mode decomposition
Creators: name: Büyükşahin, Ümit Çavuş
name: Ertekin, Şeyda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many applications in different domains produce large amount of time series data. Making accurate forecasting is critical for many decision makers. Various time series forecasting methods exist which use linear and nonlinear models separately or combination of both. Studies show that combining of linear and nonlinear models can be effective to improve forecasting performance. However, some assumptions that those existing methods make, might restrict their performance in certain situations. We provide a new Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA)-Artificial Neural Network(ANN) hybrid method that work in a more general framework. Experimental results show that strategies for decomposing the original data and for combining linear and nonlinear models throughout the hybridization process are key factors in the forecasting performance of the methods. By using appropriate strategies, our hybrid method can be an effective way to improve forecasting accuracy obtained by traditional hybrid methods and also either of the individual methods used separately.
Finite-size scaling for the S=1/2 Heisenberg Antiferromagnetic Chain
Creators: name: Barzykin, Victor
name: Affleck, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Corrections to the asymptotic correlation function in a Heisenberg spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic spin chain are known to vanish slowly (logarithmically) as a function of the distance r or the chain size L. This leads to significant differences with numerical results. We calculate the sub-leading logarithmic corrections to the finite-size correlation function, using renormalization group improved perturbation theory, and compare the result with numerical data.
description: 7 pages Revtex, 3 figures