Thrinchini
Creators: name: Ünal, Mustafa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Pamphagidae

description: Key to genera of Thrinchini
(Modified from Uvarov 1943; Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951; Popov 1997; Xia Kailing et al. 1994)
1 Hind tibia with apical spines in both sides (Fig. 103); if absent on outer side then body clearly stout and tegmina short, not reaching to beyond the half of hind tibia in male; mostly squamipterous to brachypterous in female (Figs. 246–247)...... 2
- Hind tibia at least without outer apical spine (Fig. 102); body very slender, fully winged in both sexes, tegmina very narrow and long, almost reaching apex of hind tibia (Figs. 237–238)................................................. 21
2 Prosternum not raised on anterior margin (Fig. 104); metazona of pronotum longer than prozona..................... 3
- Prosternum with strongly raised anterior margin, collar-shaped or bilobate (Fig. 105); metazona of pronotum not longer than prozona (except Beybienkia).......................................................................... 16
3 Pronotum not saddle-shaped with arcuate median carina or almost straight along its length, narrowly sometimes deeply intersected by typical sulcus; metazona raised, clearly convex or almost straight in lateral view (Figs. 106– 107)............ 4
- Pronotum saddle-shaped with high median carina in prozona, strongly and sharply lowered on typical sulcus; metazona lower than prozona gradually raised backwards or almost straight (Fig. 108)......................................... 10
4 Body and legs without hairs; pronotum intersected twice by transversal sulci; typical sulcus very narrowly cut; arolium in male very large, fully filling between claws, longer than half of claws (Fig. 109); subtympanal lobe very small, hardly reaching to tympanum (Figs. 111–112); apical valves of penis elongated, extending far beyond valves of cingulum (Fig. 6)................................................................................................. Prionotropis Fieber
- Body and legs with hairs; pronotum intersected three times by transversal sulci (except some specimens of Iranotmethis); typical sulcus cut much widely; arolium in male much smaller, very narrow, not longer than half of claws (Fig. 110); subtympanal lobe large, covering almost 1/3 of tympanum (Figs. 113–114); apical valves of penis short, at most slightly extending beyond the valves of cingulum (except Glyphanus) (Figs. 7–16)..................................................... 5
5 Pronotum not straight in lateral view; prozona and metazona raised; prozona as high as or slightly higher than metazona; metazona convex (Fig. 106); hind wings mostly with a distinct apical dark spot or with darkened veins apically (except Eremotmethis) (Figs. 156–164).................................................................................. 6
- Pronotum almost straight in lateral view (Fig. 107); prozona not raised, as high as metazona or slightly higher (in Eremocharis) or slightly lower (in Tuarega); metazona almost flat; hind wings without apical dark spot (Figs. 205–213).............. 8
6 Tegmina short, brachypterous in female, at most slightly extending beyond hind knee in male; hind femur wide in distal half, dorsal carina laminate, preapical narrowing indistinct (Fig. 115); vertex wide, wider than vertical diameter of eye in male, much wider in female (Fig. 117)......................................................... Iranotmethis Uvarov
- Tegmina fully developed extending far beyond the hind knee, mostly extending beyond half of hind tibia; hind femur in usual form, not wide in distal half; dorsal carina not laminate, preapical narrowing distinct (Fig. 116); vertex narrower than vertical diameter of eye in male, not wider than eye even in female (Fig. 118)............................................7
7 Apical valves of penis stout, tube shaped, not fully covered by valves of cingulum, visible in lateral view; posteromedian projection of epiphallus convex, straight or slightly concave at hind margin (Figs. 7–11); hind wings with a distinct apical spot or at least with darkened veins apically (in E. reducta and E. kashmirensis sp. nov.) (Figs. 150–164)...... Eremopeza Saussure
- Apical valves of penis slender, sharp, flattened antero-posteriorly, almost fully covered by valves of cingulum, not visible in lateral view; posteromedian projection of epiphallus with a small but distinct median incision at hind margin (Fig. 13); apical part of hind wings fully transparent, without darkened veins (Fig. 177).......................... Eremotmethis Uvarov
8 Pronotum (Fig. 119) with wide prozona; anterior part of metazona narrow slightly wider than prozona; shoulder not distinct and not enlarged outwards; metazona very thick, flat, mostly concave in preapical part with very dense and large tubercles; apical valves of penis very short, tube-shaped basally, apex strongly flattened antero-posteriorly, typically heart-shaped in posterior view (Figs. 14–15); median carina of pronotum typically sulcate in prozona and anterior part of metazona.............................................................................................. Eremocharis Saussure
- Pronotum (Fig. 120) with very narrow prozona; anterior part of metazona much wider than prozona; shoulder very distinct, enlarged outwards; metazona like a thin plate, almost flat with very sparse tubercles; apical valves of penis longer, tubeshaped, apex not flattened antero-posteriorly in Tuarega, bilobate in Dhofaria (Fig. 16); if present median carina of pronotum not sulcate.......................................................................................... 9
9 Prozona of pronotum cylindrical, strongly depressed dorso-ventrally; median carina of pronotum mostly absent or very faintly visible (Fig. 120); hind wings yellow, with a transverse dark band near to posterior margin (Fig. 213). Female tegmina very long, extending beyond half of hind tibia; apical valves of penis tube-shaped, not separated at apex; posteromedian projection of epiphallus almost straight at hind margin (Fig. 16); hind tibia red................................ Tuarega Uvarov
- Prozona of pronotum roof-shaped, slightly raised; median carina of pronotum distinct along its length; hind wings blue, without dark band, but with slightly darkened veins at distal end of second anal area (Fig. 211); female tegmina short, not reaching to hind knee (Fig. 212); apical valves of penis separated at apex, bilobate; posteromedian projection of epiphallus with a small but distinct median incision at hind margin; hind tibia blue....................................... Dhofaria Popov
10 Vertex narrow, strongly sloping, clearly depressed with distinctly raised lateral margins, similar to a gutter (Figs. 121–122); subtympanal lobe large covering half of tympanum; metazona of pronotum clearly narrowed in distal half, elongated, hind margin acutangular; median carina always raised in this part of metazona; lateral margins of metazona usually concave; lateral projection of mesozona absent or indistinct (Figs. 214–216); apical valves of penis fully surrounded by valves of cingulum; posteromedian projection of epiphallus with a very deep median incision at hind margin, dividing hind margin into two separate lobes (Fig. 17)......................................................................... Tmethis Fieber
- Vertex wide, slightly sloping, slightly depressed with less raised lateral margins; not gutter shaped (Figs. 123–124); subtympanal lobe covering 1/3 of tympanum or smaller; metazona of pronotum wider, if elongated and hind margin acutangular then lateral margins not concave, at most straight or convex; lateral projection of mesozona always distinct even in the laeviuscula forms (Figs. 217–232); apical valves of penis surrounded by valves of cingulum laterally and anteriorly but never posteriorly; posteromedian projection of epiphallus convex, straight or at most with a very small incision, never dividing hind margin into two separate lobes (Figs. 18–23)........................................................................ 11
11 Tumida of zygoma wide and low with scattered denticles, not strongly projected; tumida of cingulum elongated vertically, ridge-like; apical valves of penis truncate at apex (Figs. 18–19); hind wings darkened except apex (in Melanotmethis) or with a whole and broad median dark band from anterior margin; fully winged or wings reaching genicular lobe of hind femur (only female of Melanotmethis) (Figs. 217–220)................................................................12
- Tumida of zygoma small and high with denser denticles, strongly projected outward; tumida of cingulum short, small rounded, tubercle-shaped; apical valves of penis pointed at apex (Figs. 20–23); hind wings with sectional dark band, basal half of 2nd and 3rd anal areas always transparent, not darkened (Figs. 221–232); female tegmina not reaching to genicular lobe of hind femur (except Asiotmethis zachargini and A. heptapotamicus), mostly shorter; male tegmina squamipterous to macropterous (Figs. 221–232).......................................................................................... 13
12 Pseudolophi of epiphallus very wide with scattered spines (Fig. 18 c); metazona of pronotum thin and distinctly laminate edge (Fig. 125), hind margin narrowly rounded; basal part of hind wing not darkened (Figs. 217–218); subtympanal lobe rounded; hind tibia bright red.................................................................. Atrichotmethis Uvarov
- Pseudolophi of epiphallus distinctly smaller (Fig. 19 c); metazona of pronotum thickened, without laminate edge (Fig. 126), hind margin sharply angular; hind wing with fully darkened basal part (Figs. 219–220); subtympanal lobe quadrangle; hind tibia dark blue except basal and apical fifth............................................... Melanotmethis Uvarov
13 Metazona of pronotum thickened, without laminate edge (Fig. 128); posteromedian projection of epiphallus elongated with narrowly rounded hind margin (Fig. 20 c).................................................. Pezotmethis Uvarov
- Metazona of pronotum thinner, with laminate edge (Fig. 127); posteromedian projection of epiphallus slightly elongated with broad hind margin (Figs. 22 c, 23c)..................................................................... 14
14 Squamipterous, tegmina reduced like a narrow and elongated lateral scale in both sexes, not wider than vertex (Figs. 227–228); pronotum with small tubercles; prozona quite low with rounded lobes (Fig. 127); found only in Greece.... Glyphanus Fieber
- Brachypterous to macropterous in male and squamipterous, with broad and short tegmina in female (Figs. 221–226), if strongly reduced (only in Glyphotmethis ovipennis), always wider than vertex; pronotum mostly with sharp tubercles; prozona higher with sharp lobes.............................................................................. 15
15 Tegmina always fully developed in male and mostly in female; if short in female reaching to genicular lobe of hind femur, never squamipterous (Figs. 221–222); first abdominal tergite with raised median carina, like a plate or strong projection (Fig. 129); middle part of metazona of pronotum always swollen, with distinct median carina, this part clearly convex in lateral view..................................................................................... Asiotmethis Uvarov
- Tegmina brachypterous to macropterous in male, always squamipterous in female (Figs. 223–226); if fully developed in male, then first abdominal tergite with just slightly raised median carina, not like a strong projection or not a plate-shaped (Fig. 130); metazona of pronotum flat; middle part of metazona not swollen, with a weak median carina, this part straight or slightly convex in lateral view............................................................... Glyphotmethis Bey-Bienko
16 Frontal ridge slightly projecting forward, with a weak depression below the median ocellus (Fig. 131); ocellus not fully turned downward, situated on frontal surface................................................................... 17
- Frontal ridge strongly projecting forward, with a strong, right angled depression below the median ocellus (Fig. 132); ocellus fully turned downward, situated on ventral surface of this projection........................................... 19
17 Pronotum (Fig. 133) saddle-shaped, with high median carina in prozona, then strongly and sharply lowered on typical sulcus; metazona not raised, distinctly lower than prozona with linear median carina; prozona shorter than metazona; hind tibia without outer apical spine dorsally.......................................................... Beybienkia Tsyplenkov
- Pronotum (Fig. 134) not saddle-shaped, with arcuate median carina, narrowly and deeply intersected by the typical sulcus; metazona strongly convex in lateral view, raised up to prozona level; prozona longer or at most as long as metazona; hind tibia with outer apical spine dorsally (except Mongolotmethis).................................................... 18
18 Hind tibia without outer apical spine dorsally (Fig. 136); frontal groove shallow (Fig. 137); supraocellar foveola absent (Fig. 137); vertex smoother; pronotum with small tubercles along the posterior part of metazona (Figs. 246–247)............................................................................................ Mongolotmethis Bey-Bienko
- Hind tibia with outer apical spine dorsally (Fig. 135); frontal groove deep (Fig. 138); supraocellar foveola present (Fig. 13 8); vertex distinctly rugose; pronotum with large, sharper spine-like tubercles along the posterior part of metazona (Figs. 239–242)..................................................................................... Filchnerella Karny
19 Frontal ridge very strongly projecting forward in both sexes, but in male much more like a rostrum, always longer than diameter of eye, with a weak ridge between eye and antennae in lateral view (Fig. 139); ocellus placed in the ventral surface of projection and not visible in frontal view in male.............................................. Rhinotmethis Sjöstedt
- Frontal ridge less projecting forward in both sexes, not a rostrum like in male and not longer than diameter of eye, with a dis-
tinct ridge between eye and antennae in lateral view (Fig. 140); ocellus placed in the ventral surface of projection, but visible in frontal view in both sexes............................................................................. 20 20 Tegmina of male short, not reaching the base of supra-anal plate; male subgenital plate pointed at apex; hind tibia with red basal and apical parts................................................................ Eotmethis Bey-Bienko
- Tegmina of male long, reaching half of hind tibia; male subgenital plate bidentate at apex; hind tibia with yellowish-brown basal and apical parts.............................................................. Eoeotmethis Zheng, 1985
21 Prosternum without projection; frontal ridge not depressed below the median ocellus (Fig. 141); male subgenital plate in usual form, not bidentate apically; apical valves of penis small, slender, reaching the end of valves of cingulum and almost fully surrounded by them (Fig. 24 a, b, d); posteromedian projection of epiphallus with a narrow and deep median incision at hind margin, that divides hind margin into two lobes (Fig. 24 c)............................................ Utubius Uvarov
- Prosternum with raised collar like projection; frontal ridge distinctly depressed below the median ocellus (Fig. 142); male subgenital plate bidentate apically; apical valves of penis long, stout, extending clearly beyond the valves of cingulum; posterior part not surrounded by them (Figs. 25 a, b, d, 26a, b,d); posteromedian projection of epiphallus with straight or convex hind margin, without median incision (Fig. 25 c, 26c)............................................................22
22 Anterior margin of pronotum strongly and sharply prolonged dorsally; anteroventral corner of paranota acutely prolonged (Fig. 143); prosternum with strongly raised anterior margin, covering the mouth parts from below (Fig. 145) Strumiger Zubovski
- Anterior margin of pronotum without strong and sharp projection; anteroventral corner of paranota not prolonged, in a usual form (Fig. 144); prosternum with slightly raised anterior margin, not covering the mouth parts from below (Fig. 146)................................................................................. Thrinchus Fischer von Waldheim
description: Published as part of Ünal, Mustafa, 2016, Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from the Palaearctic Region: taxonomy, classification, keys to genera and a review of the tribe Nocarodeini I. Bolívar, pp. 1-223 in Zootaxa 4206 (1) on pages 18-20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4206.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/208260