cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Probe particles in odd active viscoelastic fluids: how activity and dissipation determine linear stability
Creators: name: Duclut, Charlie
name: Bo, Stefano
name: Lier, Ruben
name: Armas, Jay
name: Surówka, Piotr
name: Jülicher, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Odd viscoelastic materials are constrained by fewer symmetries than their even counterparts. The breaking of these symmetries allow these materials to exhibit different features, which have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Immersing a bead in such complex fluids allows for probing their physical properties, highlighting signatures of their oddity and exploring consequences of these broken symmetries. We present the conditions under which the activity of an odd viscoelastic fluid can give rise to linear instabilities in the motion of the probe particle and unveil how the features of the probe particle dynamics depend on the oddity and activity of the viscoelastic medium in which it is immersed.
Isolation of squares in graphs
Creators: name: Bartolo, Karl
name: Borg, Peter
name: Scicluna, Dayle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 05C35, 05C38, 05C69

description: Given a set $\mathcal{F}$ of graphs, we call a copy of a graph in $\mathcal{F}$ an $\mathcal{F}$-graph. The $\mathcal{F}$-isolation number of a graph $G$, denoted by $ι(G,\mathcal{F})$, is the size of a smallest subset $D$ of the vertex set $V(G)$ such that the closed neighbourhood of $D$ intersects the vertex sets of the $\mathcal{F}$-graphs contained by $G$ (equivalently, $G - N[D]$ contains no $\mathcal{F}$-graph). Thus, $ι(G,\{K_1\})$ is the domination number of $G$. The second author showed that if $\mathcal{F}$ is the set of cycles and $G$ is a connected $n$-vertex graph that is not a triangle, then $ι(G,\mathcal{F}) \leq \left \lfloor \frac{n}{4} \right \rfloor$. This bound is attainable for every $n$ and solved a problem of Caro and Hansberg. A question that arises immediately is how much smaller an upper bound can be if $\mathcal{F} = \{C_k\}$ for some $k \geq 3$, where $C_k$ is a cycle of length $k$. The problem is to determine the smallest real number $c_k$ (if it exists) such that for some finite set $\mathcal{E}_k$ of graphs, $ι(G, \{C_k\}) \leq c_k |V(G)|$ for every connected graph $G$ that is not an $\mathcal{E}_k$-graph. The above-mentioned result yields $c_3 = \frac{1}{4}$ and $\mathcal{E}_3 = \{C_3\}$. The second author also showed that if $k \geq 5$ and $c_k$ exists, then $c_k \geq \frac{2}{2k + 1}$. We prove that $c_4 = \frac{1}{5}$ and determine $\mathcal{E}_4$, which consists of three $4$-vertex graphs and six $9$-vertex graphs. The $9$-vertex graphs in $\mathcal{E}_4$ were fully determined by means of a computer program. A method that has the potential of yielding similar results is introduced.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure, minor corrections made
Increased induction of osteopetrosis, but unaltered lymphomagenicity, by murine leukemia virus SL3-3 after mutation of a nuclear factor 1 site in the enhancer
Creators: name: Diaz-Cano, Salvador J.
name: A Luz
name: J Schmidt
name: S Ethelberg
name: F S Pedersen
name: B D Tzschaschel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Cancer

description: SL3-3 is a murine leukemia virus which is only weakly bone pathogenic but highly T-cell lymphomagenic. A major pathogenic determinant is the transcriptional enhancer comprising several transcription factor binding sites, among which are three identical sites for nuclear factor 1 (NF1). We have investigated the pathogenic properties of NF1 site enhancer mutants of SL3-3. Two different mutants carrying a 3-bp mutation either in all three NF1 sites or in the central site alone were constructed and assayed in inbred NMRI mice. The wild type and both mutants induced lymphomas in all mice, with a mean latency period of 9 weeks. However, there was a considerable difference in osteopetrosis induction. Wild-type SL3-3 induced osteopetrosis in 11% of the mice (2 of 19), and the triple NF1 site mutant induced osteopetrosis in none of the mice (0 of 19), whereas the single NF1 site mutant induced osteopetrosis in 56% (10 of 18) of the mice, as determined by X-ray analysis. A detailed histological examination of the femurs of the mice was carried out and found to support this diagnosis. Thus, the NF1 sites of SL3-3 are major determinants of osteopetrosis induction, without determining lymphomagenesis. This conclusion was further supported by evaluation of the bone pathogenicity of other SL3-3 enhancer variants, the lymphomagenicity of which had been examined previously. This evaluation furthermore strongly indicated that the core sites, a second group of transcription factor binding sites in the viral enhancer, are necessary for the osteopetrosis induction potential of SL3-3.
KARTOGRAFIYALÍQ USÍLLAR HÁM OLARDÍŃ ROLI
Creators: name: Patualiyeva, Qurbangul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Kartalaw usılları zamanagóy dúnyada zárúrli rol oynaydı, bul bizge tek ǵana obektlerdiń jaylasıwı haqqında maǵlıwmat berip qoymay, bálkim keńisliktegi maǵlıwmatlardı túsiniw hám analizlewge járdem beredi. Texnologiyanıń rawajlanıwı menen kartografiya hám de qolaylı hám kóp qırlı bolıp, izertlew, joybarlaw hám navigaciya ushın jańa múmkinshilikler jarattı. Bul maqalada kartografiyalıq usıllardıń rawajlanıw tariyxın, kartografiyadaǵı zamanagóy texnologiyalardı, olardıń zamanagóy dúnyadaǵı rolin, sonıń menen birge kartograflar biziń dáwirimizde dus keletuǵın máseleler hám mashqalalar kórip shıǵıladı. Sonıń menen birge, kartografiyanıń rawajlanıw múmkinshilikleri hám onıń kúndelikli iskerligi ushın áhmiyeti kórip shıǵıladı.
Unintentional Injuries in British Columbia : Trends and Patterns Among Children & Youth
Creators: name: Rajabali, Fahra
name: Han, GuangHong
name: Artes, Sheila
name: Smith, Dorry
name: Brussoni, Mariana
name: Joshi, Pamela
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: This report focuses on the fatal and non-fatal unintentional injuries among children and youth in BC, including data from 1987 to 2000, describing injury mortality and hospitalization variation by age, gender, injury category and leading causes, highlighting subgroups of the study population who are at higher risks for injury by region, year, and place of occurrence of injury events. Time trends by year, age group, sex and region are also described. Injuries seen in emergency departments are examined by age, gender, time of occurrence, activity, location, mechanism, breakdown event, nature of injury, injured area of the body and outcome of emergency department visits.
Wandel des Frauenbilds in China am Beginn der Republikzeit am Beispiel der Literaturzeitschrift Xiaoshuo Yuebao
Creators: name: Von Groeling-Che, Hui-Wen
Publisher: name: ASIEN: The German Journal on Contemporary Asia
Year: 2021

description: This article presents a study of the "Xiaoshuo yuebao" (The Short Story Magazine) covering the years 1910-1915. It provides an in-depth analysis of the contributions dealing with the situation of Chinese women and thereby sheds light on the role of women in the Chinese literature at the beginning of the twentieth century. Due to its socio-historical background and the political convictions of its editors, the XSYB displayed strong reformatory efforts and revolutionary tendencies during the first two years. Whereas up to 1912 the "modern women" was promoted as an example to follow, later on when Chinese women actually tried to assert their newly won freedom, there was a stronger tendency to push them back and to relegate them to the limits of the traditional values, while still expecting them to function as responsible citizens within a reformed family and society.
description: ASIEN: The German Journal on Contemporary Asia, Nr. 73 (1999): ASIEN (Oktober)
Fake News in Sheep's Clothing: Robust Fake News Detection Against LLM-Empowered Style Attacks
Creators: name: Wu, Jiaying
name: Guo, Jiafeng
name: Hooi, Bryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is commonly perceived that fake news and real news exhibit distinct writing styles, such as the use of sensationalist versus objective language. However, we emphasize that style-related features can also be exploited for style-based attacks. Notably, the advent of powerful Large Language Models (LLMs) has empowered malicious actors to mimic the style of trustworthy news sources, doing so swiftly, cost-effectively, and at scale. Our analysis reveals that LLM-camouflaged fake news content significantly undermines the effectiveness of state-of-the-art text-based detectors (up to 38% decrease in F1 Score), implying a severe vulnerability to stylistic variations. To address this, we introduce SheepDog, a style-robust fake news detector that prioritizes content over style in determining news veracity. SheepDog achieves this resilience through (1) LLM-empowered news reframings that inject style diversity into the training process by customizing articles to match different styles; (2) a style-agnostic training scheme that ensures consistent veracity predictions across style-diverse reframings; and (3) content-focused veracity attributions that distill content-centric guidelines from LLMs for debunking fake news, offering supplementary cues and potential intepretability that assist veracity prediction. Extensive experiments on three real-world benchmarks demonstrate SheepDog's style robustness and adaptability to various backbones.
description: Accepted to KDD 2024 (Research Track)
Volksrepublik China und die ASEAN im Streit um die Inselgruppe der Spratlys
Creators: name: Krone, Nicole
Publisher: name: ASIEN: The German Journal on Contemporary Asia
Year: 2021

description: The continuous struggle for sovereignty over the Spratly islands, located in the South China Sea, still remains to be a potential flashpoint for conflict in South­east Asia. Although the Spratly group mainly consists of uninhabited islets, reefs, and shoals, the surrounding seabed presumably contains large deposits of raw oil, natural gas, and minerals, thus being at the focus of the claimant states’ interest. In recent years it has been particularly difficult for the claimants to deal with the Peoples' Republic of China who claims the whole Spratly area due to -alleged- historic evidence. Some years ago, the evolution of a closer cooperation and stronger sense of unity within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations has contributed to moderating the PRC's behaviour. However, in these days ASEAN seems to be preoccupied with internal problems so that it remains to be seen whether the organisation can mediate the territorial disputes and elaborate solutions like a joint development, hence reducing the risk of armed clashes or even conflict in the region.
description: ASIEN: The German Journal on Contemporary Asia, Nr. 73 (1999): ASIEN (Oktober)
Effects of background solar wind and drag force on the propagation of coronal mass ejection driven shock
Creators: name: Wu, Chin-Chun
name: Liou, Kan
name: Wood, Brian E.
name: Hutting, Lynn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Propagation of interplanetary (IP) shocks, particularly those driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), is still an outstanding question in heliophysics and space weather forecasting. Here we address effects of the ambient solar wind on the propagation of two similar CME-driven shocks from the Sun to Earth. The two shock events (CME03: April 3, 2010 and CME12: July 12, 2012) have the following properties: Both events (1) were driven by a halo CME (i.e., source location is near the Sun-Earth line), (2) had a CME source in the southern hemisphere, (3) had a similar transit time (~2 days) to Earth, (4) occurred in a non-quiet solar period, and (5) led to a severe geomagnetic storm. The initial (near the Sun) propagation speed, as measured by coronagraph images, was slower (by ~300 km/s) for CME03 than CME12, but it took about the same amount of traveling time for both events to reach Earth. According to the in-situ solar wind observations from the Wind spacecraft, the CME03-driven shock was associated with a faster solar wind upstream of the shock than the CME12-driven shock. This is also demonstrated in our global MHD simulations. Analysis of our simulation result indicates that the drag force indirectly plays an important role in the shock propagation. The present study suggests that in addition to the initial CME propagation speed near the Sun the shock speed (in the inertial frame) and the ambient solar wind condition, in particular the solar wind speed, are the key to timing the arrival of CME-driven-shock events.
description: in press
Clonality as expression of distinctive cell kinetics patterns in nodular hyperplasias and adenomas of the adrenal cortex
Creators: name: Diaz-Cano, Salvador J.
name: Blanes, Alfredo
name: H Galera
name: H J Wolfe
name: M De Miguel
name: R Tashjian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2012
Subjects: Molecular Biology
Medicine
Cell Biology
Cancer

description: Although histopathologic criteria for adrenal cortical nodular hyperplasias (ACNHs) and adenomas (ACAs) have been developed, their kinetics and clonality are virtually unknown. We studied 20 ACNHs and 25 ACAs (based on World Health Organization criteria) from 45 females. Representative samples were histologically evaluated, and the methylation pattern of the androgen receptor alleles was analyzed on microdissected samples. Consecutive sections were selected for slide cytometry, flow cytometry, and in situ end labeling (ISEL). Apoptosis was studied by flow cytometry (nuclear area/DNA content plotter analysis) and by ISEL. Appropriate tissue controls were run in every case. Polyclonal gel patterns were revealed in 14/18 informative ACNHs and in 3/22 informative ACAs, whereas monoclonal gel patterns were observed in 4/18 ACNHs and 19/22 ACAs. Overlapping proliferation rates (PRs) were observed in both clonal groups, and apoptosis was detected only in G(0)/G(1) cells, especially in monoclonal ACNHs (3/4; 75%) and in polyclonal ACAs (2/3; 67%). Significantly higher PRs were observed in ACNHs with polyclonal patterns and G(0)/G(1) apoptosis and in ACAs regardless of clonality pattern and presence of G(0)/G(1) apoptosis. All except one ACNH (19/20; 95%) and 15/25 ACAs (60%) showed diploid DNA content, whereas the remaining cases were hyperdiploid. A direct correlation between PR and ISEL was observed in polyclonal lesions (PR = 29.32 ISEL - 1.93), whereas the correlation was inverse for monoclonal lesions (PR = -9.13 ISEL + 21.57). We concluded that only simultaneous down-regulated apoptosis and high proliferation result in selective kinetic advantage, dominant clone expansion, and unbalanced methylation patterns of androgen receptor alleles in ACNHs and ACAs.
Deutsche und französische Chinapolitik 1989 bis 1997 im Vergleich
Creators: name: Neßhöver, Christoph
Publisher: name: ASIEN: The German Journal on Contemporary Asia
Year: 2021

description: The article compares the policies of Germany and France towards the People's Republic of China (PRC) since the violent repression of the Chinese students’ movement at Tian'anmen Square in June of 1989. In the case of both Germany and France, a continuous and substantial shift from a value-oriented policy towards a mainly economically driven China policy can be detected in the 1990s. Despite the formulation of a number of European Union (EU) strategy papers dealing with Asia and also explicitly with China between 1994 and 1996, the similarity between German and French policy towards China in the 1990s has not increased the perspectives for a more united European approach towards the "Middle Kingdom". The fundamentally different notion between French and German ideas about the future international role of Europe and the lack of European solidarity in the commercial sector puts the possibility of establishing an effective European foreign policy in serious doubt for some years to come.
description: ASIEN: The German Journal on Contemporary Asia, Nr. 73 (1999): ASIEN (Oktober)
DISTINCT ENDOMETRIAL PROTEIN PROFILES IN SPONTANEOUS AND STIMULATED CYCLES IN WOMEN WITH POOR OVARIAN RESPONSE
Creators: name: Abdulkhalikova, Dzhamilyat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The window of implantation is a critical period for embryo implantation. Ovarian stimulation can disrupt endometrial receptivity, potentially through altered gene expression and protein synthesis. However, the impact on the endometrial proteome remains underexplored. Identifying biomarkers of endometrial receptivity provides an opportunity to develop targeted interventions aimed at improving implantation outcomes.

This prospective, case-crossover, open-label study was conducted by the Department of Human Reproduction, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia from September 2023 to June 2024.  

The study included 15 women under the age of 43 with primary infertility and poor ovarian response, classified per POSEIDON criteria. Endometrial samples were collected using a pipelle biopsy during the the window of implantation in spontaneous and stimulated cycles and analyzed using protein microarrays targeting 1,438 proteins. Differential protein expression was assessed using linear models for microarray data (LIMMA). 

Comparison of endometrial samples from spontaneous and stimulated cycles revealed 107 differentially abundant proteins (|logFC| > 0.5, adj. p < 0.05). Key proteins were associated with immune response (IL-8, proteins S100-A8 and S100-A9, CAMP) and extracellular matrix remodeling (MMP-9). KEGG analysis highlighted significant pathways, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, IL-17 signaling pathway, and pathways in cancer. Cluster analysis demonstrated distinct protein expression patterns, with all stimulated cycles exhibiting pronounced changes. Additionally, in 40% of the stimulated cycle samples, ovarian stimulation induced more pronounced variations in protein concentrations.

The findings highlight the need to refine ovarian stimulation protocols to minimize adverse effects on the endometrial environment. By tailoring treatments to individual patient profiles, it may be possible to enhance synchronization between the embryo and the endometrium, thereby improving clinical pregnancy rates.
Impact of Guidance and Interaction Strategies for LLM Use on Learner Performance and Perception
Creators: name: Kumar, Harsh
name: Musabirov, Ilya
name: Reza, Mohi
name: Shi, Jiakai
name: Wang, Xinyuan
name: Williams, Joseph Jay
name: Kuzminykh, Anastasia
name: Liut, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Personalized chatbot-based teaching assistants can be crucial in addressing increasing classroom sizes, especially where direct teacher presence is limited. Large language models (LLMs) offer a promising avenue, with increasing research exploring their educational utility. However, the challenge lies not only in establishing the efficacy of LLMs but also in discerning the nuances of interaction between learners and these models, which impact learners' engagement and results. We conducted a formative study in an undergraduate computer science classroom (N=145) and a controlled experiment on Prolific (N=356) to explore the impact of four pedagogically informed guidance strategies on the learners' performance, confidence and trust in LLMs. Direct LLM answers marginally improved performance, while refining student solutions fostered trust. Structured guidance reduced random queries as well as instances of students copy-pasting assignment questions to the LLM. Our work highlights the role that teachers can play in shaping LLM-supported learning environments.
description: To appear in CSCW 2024
Japans bewaffneter Pazifismus
Creators: name: Otto, Carsten
Publisher: name: ASIEN: The German Journal on Contemporary Asia
Year: 2021

description: Until the end of the Cold War, Japanese security policy was in essence directed against perceived Soviet hegemonic claims. Today, Japan faces multifaceted se­curity challenges due, inter alia, to the rise of China, the situation in the Korean Peninsula, or the conflict prone politico-security environment in Southeast Asia. Despite these challenges and due to its militaristic legacy in Asia, Japan is confronted with internal and external constraints, exerting serious influence on the formulation and implementation of an independent security policy. The article first outlines Japan's postwar security policy and gives an overview of the changed security environment, Japan is confronted with today. The final part of the article examines Japan's political and diplomatic responses to these changes. As will be demonstrated, Japan pursues an active security policy which centers around the promotion of multilateral cooperation mechanisms and its military alliance with the United States. Japan will take on a larger political role in the Asia-Pacific,however, for the time being, it still has to maintain a low key approach to security politics.
description: ASIEN: The German Journal on Contemporary Asia, Nr. 73 (1999): ASIEN (Oktober)
Prominent expression of mRNA for proinflammatory cytokines in synovium in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or chronic Lyme arthritis
Creators: name: Diaz-Cano, Salvador J.
name: H J Wolfe
name: M Harjacek
name: A C Steere
name: J Coburn
name: R Ruthazer
name: B A Alman
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: OBJECTIVE: To examine the cytokine profiles in synovium of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) or Lyme arthritis, 2 chronic inflammatory arthritides that affect children.

 METHODS: We used in situ hybridization with specific riboprobes to determine the expression of mRNA for proinflammatory or antiinflammatory cytokines in synovial samples from 5 patients with early, untreated JRA, 15 patients with late, treated JRA, and 9 patients with chronic Lyme arthritis. For comparison, synovia were examined from 6 patients with rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritis, and from 9 patients with various orthopedic conditions.

 RESULTS: Among the children with early, untreated JRA, a median of 3 to 8% of inflammatory cells in synovial samples expressed mRNA for the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha), or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Although a median of 3.9% of the cells expressed mRNA for the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10, none had IL-4 mRNA. Most of the patients with late, treated JRA, chronic Lyme arthritis, rheumatoid, or psoriatic arthritis had mRNA for each of these proinflammatory cytokines in about 1% of the cells, whereas mRNA for the antiinflammatory cytokines was less frequent. The inflammatory cell density was much less in the synovium of patients with various orthopedic conditions, but about 1% of the infiltrating cells expressed mRNA for at least one of the proinflammatory cytokines.

 CONCLUSION: Patients with early or late JRA or chronic Lyme arthritis have expression of mRNA in synovial tissue primarily for proinflammatory cytokines, with less expression of antiinflammatory cytokines.
Future global existence of homogeneous solutions to the Einstein-Boltzmann system with soft potentials
Creators: name: Lee, Ho
name: Nungesser, Ernesto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Cauchy problem for the Einstein-Boltzmann system with soft potentials in a cosmological setting. We assume the Bianchi I symmetry to describe a spatially homogeneous, but anisotropic universe and consider a cosmological constant $ Λ> 0 $ to describe an accelerated expansion of the universe. For the Boltzmann equation we introduce a new weight function and apply the method of Illner and Shinbrot to obtain the future global existence of spatially homogeneous, small solutions. For the Einstein equations we assume that the initial value of the Hubble variable is close to $ ( Λ/ 3 )^{ 1 / 2 } $. We obtain the future global existence and asymptotic behavior of spatially homogeneous solutions to the Einstein-Boltzmann system with soft potentials.
description: 40 pages, accepted in JDE version
Purcell modified Doppler cooling of quantum emitters inside optical cavities
Creators: name: Lyne, Julian
name: Bassler, Nico S.
name: Park, Seong eun
name: Pupillo, Guido
name: Genes, Claudiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Standard cavity cooling of atoms or dielectric particles is based on the action of dispersive optical forces in high-finesse cavities. We investigate here a complementary regime characterized by large cavity losses, resembling the standard Doppler cooling technique. For a single two-level emitter a modification of the cooling rate is obtained from the Purcell enhancement of spontaneous emission in the large cooperativity limit. This mechanism is aimed at cooling of quantum emitters without closed transitions, which is the case for molecular systems, where the Purcell effect can mitigate the loss of population from the cooling cycle. We extend our analytical formulation to the many particle case governed by weak individual coupling but exhibiting collective strong Purcell enhancement to a cavity mode.
description: 9+5 pages, 7 figures
Changes in lipids over twelve months after initiating protease inhibitor therapy among persons treated for HIV/AIDS
Creators: name: Levy, Adrian R.
name: McCandless, Lawrence
name: Harrigan, Paul Richard
name: Hogg, Robert S.
name: Bondy, Greg
name: Iloeje, Uchenna H.
name: Mukherjee, Jayanti
name: Montaner, Julio
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Background: Protease inhibitors are known to alter the lipid profiles in subjects treated for HIV/AIDS. However, the magnitude of this effect on plasma lipoproteins and lipids has not been adequately quantified. Objective: To estimate the changes in plasma lipoproteins and triglycerides occurring within 12 months of initiating PI-based antiretroviral therapy among HIV/AIDS afflicted subjects. Methods: We included all antiretroviral naïve HIV-infected persons treated at St-Paul's Hospital, British Columbia, Canada, who initiated therapy with protease inhibitor antiretroviral (ARV) drugs between August 1996 and January 2002 and who had at least one plasma lipid measurement. Longitudinal associations between medication use and plasma lipids were estimated using mixed effects models that accounted for repeated measures on the same subjects and were adjusted for age, sex, time dependent CD4+ T-cell count, and time dependent cumulative use of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and adherence. The cumulative number of prescriptions filled for PIs was considered time dependent. We estimated the changes in the 12 months following any initiation of a PI based regimen. Results: A total of 679 eligible subjects were dispensed nucleoside analogues and PI at the initiation of therapy. Over a median 47 months of follow-up (interquartile range (IQR): 29–62), subjects had a median of 3 (IQR: 1–6) blood lipid measurements. Twelve months after treatment initiation of PI use, there was an estimated 20% (95% confidence interval: 17% – 24%) increase in total cholesterol and 22% (12% – 33%) increase in triglycerides. Conclusions: Twelve months after treatment initiation with PIs, statistically significant increases in total cholesterol and triglycerides levels were observed in HIV-infected patients under conditions of standard treatment. Our results contribute to the growing body of evidence implicating PIs in the development of blood lipid abnormalities. In conjunction with the predominance or men, high rates of smoking, and aging of the treated HIV-positive population, elevated lipoproteins and triglycerides may mean that patients such as these are at elevated risk for cardiovascular events in the future.
Melanocytes in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
Creators: name: Diaz-Cano, Salvador J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2012
Subjects: Medicine
Cancer

description: An earlier study has described four biphenotypic neoplasms with squamous and melanocytic differentiation involving the upper and mid-dermis,3 although that finding had been reported earlier.4 One case of the series of Pool et al.3 revealed a connection between the tumour and lentigo maligna in the adjacent epidermis. In addition, the immunohistochemical profile reported was similar to that described by Matsumoto et al.1 Pool et al.3 interpret their tumours as true malignant proliferations of two distinct phenotypes. No genetic analysis, such as that based on microsatellites, has been carried out in order to prove tumour cell identity in both components.5 Therefore, the real nature of these neoplasms cannot be certain and could include colonization by normal cells of a pre- existing neoplasm, a collision neoplasm, or a biphenotypic neoplasm. The relationship between pigmented squamous cell carcinomas and biphenotypic squamous-melanocytic tumours must be clarified in order to achieve a better understanding of the biological aspects of those neoplasms and improve the prognostic meaning of tumour classification.
A Late Bronze Age hoard from Foxburrow Farm, North Elmham, Norfolk
Creators: name: Clough, T H McK
name: Wade-Martins, Peter
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2020

description: Norfolk Archaeology, 35 (1), 6-18
description: TF 974200. After two bronze axes had been found during ploughing, further search and excavation revealed more objects and the traces of a pit in which the hoard of forty-eight implements and ingots had been concealed. Thirty-three socketed axes (some fragmentary) formed the major part of the hoard and included plain, linear wing-decorated and Yorkshire triple-ribbed types. None are mould duplicates, but the similarity of style suggests the hand of one smith, who could also have concealed the Foulsham hoard (five miles away). Several pieces - the wing-decorated axe, a Ewart Park sword and fragmentary spearheads - suggest deposition in the Carp's Tongue phase, probably c 700 BC.
Real-time Control of Electric Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand Systems via Graph Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Singhal, Aaryan
name: Gammelli, Daniele
name: Luke, Justin
name: Gopalakrishnan, Karthik
name: Helmreich, Dominik
name: Pavone, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Operators of Electric Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand (E-AMoD) fleets need to make several real-time decisions such as matching available vehicles to ride requests, rebalancing idle vehicles to areas of high demand, and charging vehicles to ensure sufficient range. While this problem can be posed as a linear program that optimizes flows over a space-charge-time graph, the size of the resulting optimization problem does not allow for real-time implementation in realistic settings. In this work, we present the E-AMoD control problem through the lens of reinforcement learning and propose a graph network-based framework to achieve drastically improved scalability and superior performance over heuristics. Specifically, we adopt a bi-level formulation where we (1) leverage a graph network-based RL agent to specify a desired next state in the space-charge graph, and (2) solve more tractable linear programs to best achieve the desired state while ensuring feasibility. Experiments using real-world data from San Francisco and New York City show that our approach achieves up to 89% of the profits of the theoretically-optimal solution while achieving more than a 100x speedup in computational time. We further highlight promising zero-shot transfer capabilities of our learned policy on tasks such as inter-city generalization and service area expansion, thus showing the utility, scalability, and flexibility of our framework. Finally, our approach outperforms the best domain-specific heuristics with comparable runtimes, with an increase in profits by up to 3.2x.
description: 9 pages, revised SF travel data, includes additional experimental results, content and clarification revisions per reviewer feedback, and typo fixes
Nearest-neighbor Entropy Estimators with Weak Metrics
Creators: name: Timofeev, Evgeniy
name: Kaltchenko, Alexei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58F15, 58F17, 53C35

description: A problem of improving the accuracy of nonparametric entropy estimation for a stationary ergodic process is considered. New weak metrics are introduced and relations between metrics, measures, and entropy are discussed. Based on weak metrics, a new nearest-neighbor entropy estimator is constructed and has a parameter with which the estimator is optimized to reduce its bias. It is shown that estimator's variance is upper-bounded by a nearly optimal Cramer-Rao lower bound.
description: 9 pages, no figures
Bayesian method for fitting the low-energy constants in chiral perturbation theory
Creators: name: Pan, Hao-Xiang
name: Kong, De-Kai
name: Wen, Qiao-Yi
name: Jiang, Shao-Zhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The values of the low-energy constants (LECs) are very important in the chiral perturbation theory. This paper adopts a Bayesian method with the truncation errors to globally fit eight next-to-leading order (NLO) LECs $L_i^r$ and next-to-next-leading order (NNLO) LECs $C_i^r$. With the estimation of the truncation errors, the fitting results of $L_i^r$ in the NLO and NNLO are very close. The posterior distributions of $C_i^r$ indicate the boundary-dependent relations of these $C_i^r$. Ten $C_i^r$ are weakly dependent on the boundaries and their values are reliable. The other $C_i^r$ are required more experimental data to constrain their boundaries. Some linear combinations of $C_i^r$ are also fitted with more reliable posterior distributions. If one knows some more precise values of $C_i^r$, some other $C_i^r$ can be obtained by these values. With these fitting LECs, most observables provide a good convergence, except for the $πK$ scattering lengths $a_0^{3/2}$ and $a_0^{1/2}$. An example is also introduced to test the improvement of the method. All the computations indicate that considering the truncation errors can improve the global fit greatly, and more prior information can obtain better fitting results. This fitting method can be extended to the other effective field theories and the perturbation theory.
description: 27+11 pages, 5 figures
Case Study: Ecumenical Workshops for Refugees
Creators: name: LOBA - Customer Experience Design
name: FVA New Media Research (Italy)
name: University of Bologna
name: Q PLAN International (Greece)
name: Avans University of Applied Sciences
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Explore this case study collected by BioGov.net partners in Greece! This valuable resource provides a quick understanding of the amazing initiative of Ecumenical Workshops for Refugees.
Learning Realistic Joint Space Boundaries for Range of Motion Analysis of Healthy and Impaired Human Arms
Creators: name: Keyvanian, Shafagh
name: Johnson, Michelle J.
name: Figueroa, Nadia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A realistic human kinematic model that satisfies anatomical constraints is essential for human-robot interaction, biomechanics and robot-assisted rehabilitation. Modeling realistic joint constraints, however, is challenging as human arm motion is constrained by joint limits, inter- and intra-joint dependencies, self-collisions, individual capabilities and muscular or neurological constraints which are difficult to represent. Hence, physicians and researchers have relied on simple box-constraints, ignoring important anatomical factors. In this paper, we propose a data-driven method to learn realistic anatomically constrained upper-limb range of motion (RoM) boundaries from motion capture data. This is achieved by fitting a one-class support vector machine to a dataset of upper-limb joint space exploration motions with an efficient hyper-parameter tuning scheme. Our approach outperforms similar works focused on valid RoM learning. Further, we propose an impairment index (II) metric that offers a quantitative assessment of capability/impairment when comparing healthy and impaired arms. We validate the metric on healthy subjects physically constrained to emulate hemiplegia and different disability levels as stroke patients.
title: Luzerne :
title: Principes directeurs pour la conduite de l’examen de la distinction, de l’homogénéité et de la stabilité.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005

description: Ces principes directeurs (“principes directeurs d’examen”) visent à approfondir les principes énoncés dans l’introduction générale (document TG/1/3) et dans les documents TGP qui s’y rapportent afin de donner des indications concrètes détaillées pour l’harmonisation de l’examen de la distinction, de l’homogénéité et de la stabilité (DHS) et, en particulier, à identifier des caractères convenant à l’examen DHS et à la production de descriptions variétales harmonisées.
Kinetic profiles of intraepithelial and invasive prostatic neoplasias: the key role of down-regulated apoptosis in tumor progression
Creators: name: Diaz-Cano, Salvador J.
name: M De Miguel
name: M Koch
name: H Hoefler
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2012
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Cancer

description: The cell kinetic of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is poorly understood. Herein we report the kinetic pattern of PIN, both not associated (primary) and associated (secondary) with coexistent invasive carcinoma (PCa). Surgical specimens collected in 20 cases of primary PIN, 20 of secondary PIN and 20 of PCa were studied by MIB-1 immunostaining, in situ end-labeling (ISEL) and DNA histogram analysis, and the cell density in each case was estimated using the formula N = (n pi/4)2. Fifty high-power fields (HPF), or the complete lesion if smaller, were screened in each lesion, and both mean and standard deviation were recorded. Statistical differences were studied by means of Fisher's exact test. ISEL indices were significantly (P < 0.0001) lower in PCa (0.1 +/- 0.3) than in primary PIN (0.5 +/- 0.3), while the MIB-I indices were similar in both conditions (P = 0.56). Statistically significant differences were also detected for both MIB-1 and ISEL indices when secondary PIN (MIB-1 1.9 +/- 0.7, ISEL 3.7 +/- 3.3) was compared with primary PIN (MIB-1 2.5 +/- 2.1, ISEL 0.5 +/- 0.3) and PCa (P < 0.0001). In terms of cellularity, primary PIN (26.3 +/- 7.1) revealed scores significantly lower (P < 0.0001) than those recorded in PCa (39.0 +/- 8.8) and secondary PIN (32.9 +/- 14.3). In conclusion, early prostatic tumor is mainly defined by down-regulated apoptosis rather than by increased proliferation. Secondary PIN displays unique kinetic features suggesting an evolved stage of primary PIN.
Density-Matrix Renormalization Group Study of Kitaev--Heisenberg Model on a Triangular Lattice
Creators: name: Shinjo, Kazuya
name: Sota, Shigetoshi
name: Yunoki, Seiji
name: Totsuka, Keisuke
name: Tohyama, Takami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Kitaev--Heisenberg model on a triangular lattice by using the two-dimensional density-matrix renormalization group method. Calculating the ground-state energy and spin structure factors, we obtain a ground-state phase diagram of the Kitaev--Heisenberg model. As suggested by previous studies, we find a 120$^\circ$ antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase, a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-vortex crystal phase, a nematic phase, a dual $\mathbb{Z}_2$-vortex crystal phase (the dual counterpart of the $\mathbb{Z}_2$-vortex crystal phase), a $\mathbb{Z}_6$ ferromagnetic phase, and a dual ferromagnetic phase (the dual counterpart of the $\mathbb{Z}_6 $ ferromagnetic phase). Spin correlations discontinuously change at phase boundaries because of first-order phase transitions. We also study the relation among the von Neumann entanglement entropy, entanglement spectrum, and phase transitions of the model. We find that the Schmidt gap closes at phase boundaries and thus the entanglement entropy clearly changes as well. This is different from the Kitaev--Heisenberg model on a honeycomb lattice, where the Schmidt gap and entanglement entropy are not necessarily a good measure of phase transitions.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures
Molecular evolution and intratumor heterogeneity by topographic compartments in muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder
Creators: name: Diaz-Cano, Salvador J.
name: Blanes, Alfredo
name: H J Wolfe
name: J Rubio
name: A Matilla
name: A Matilla
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Superficial transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) of the urinary bladder have been shown to be monoclonal. However, no combined study of clonality and tumor suppressor genes (TSG) is available to date for muscle-invasive TCC. Forty-four muscle-invasive TCC of the urinary bladder selected from women were included in this study. Tumor cells located above and below the muscularis mucosa zone were systematically microdissected and used for DNA extraction. Hha-I digested and undigested samples were used to study the methylation pattern of androgen receptor alleles and undigested samples were used for microsatellite analysis of TSG (TP53, RB1, WT1, and NF1). Both loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses were performed using optimized denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The expression of p53, pRB, and p21WAF1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Appropriate controls were run in every case. All except two TCC showed a monoclonal pattern with the same allele inactivated in both compartments. Microsatellite analysis of TSG revealed the same LOH/SNP pattern in both tumor compartments in 30 cases (involving more than 1 TSG locus in 8) and genetic heterogeneity in 14 cases. From the latter group, 9 cases expressed more genetic changes in the deep compartment (involving TP53 gene in all cases, WT1 gene in 2, and NF1 in 1), whereas in 4 cases the superficial compartment showed more genetic changes (three involving NF1 and one involving both RB and TP53). No statistical difference in the immunoexpression was detected, although it tended to be higher in the superficial compartment than in the deep compartment. These concordant data in polymorphic DNA regions indicate that bladder-muscle-invasive TCC are monoclonal proliferations with homogeneous tumor cell selection. Heterogeneous tumor cell selection by topography defined two different genetic compartments: superficial, NF1-defective, and deep, TP53-defective. No differences in the immunohistochemical expression were observed, precluding a more extensive clinical application.
Effects of inhaled corticosteroids on sputum cell counts in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Gan, Wen Qi
name: Man, S. F. P.
name: Sin, Don D.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Background: Whether inhaled corticosteroids suppress airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains controversial. We sought to determine the effects of inhaled corticosteroids on sputum indices of inflammation in stable COPD. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Databases for randomized, controlled clinical trials that used induced sputum to evaluate the effect of inhaled corticosteroids in stable COPD. For each chosen study, we calculated the mean differences in the concentrations of sputum cells before and after treatment in both intervention and control groups. These values were then converted into standardized mean differences to accommodate the differences in patient selection, clinical treatment, and biochemical procedures that were employed across original studies. If significant heterogeneity was present (p < 0.10), then a random effects model was used to pool the original data. In the absence of significant heterogeneity, a fixed effects model was used. Results: We identified six original studies that met the inclusion criteria (N = 162 participants). In studies with higher cumulative dose (≥ 60 mg) or longer duration of therapy (≥ 6 weeks), inhaled corticosteroids were uniformly effective in reducing the total cell, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts. In contrast, studies with lower cumulative dose (< 60 mg) or shorter duration of therapy (< 6 weeks) did not demonstrate a favorable effect of inhaled corticosteroids on these sputum indices. Conclusions: Our study suggests that prolonged therapy with inhaled corticosteroids is effective in reducing airway inflammation in stable COPD.
Shedding black hole light on the emergent string conjecture
Creators: name: Basile, Ivano
name: Lust, Dieter
name: Montella, Carmine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Asymptotically massless towers of species are ubiquitous in the string landscape when infinite-distance limits are approached. Due to the remarkable properties of string dualities, they always comprise Kaluza-Klein states or higher-spin excitations of weakly coupled, asymptotically tensionless critical strings. The connection between towers of light species and small black holes warrants seeking a bottom-up rationale for this dichotomoy, dubbed emergent string conjecture. In this paper we move a first step in this direction, exploring bottom-up constraints on towers of light species motivated purely from the consistency of the corresponding thermodynamic picture for small black holes. These constraints shed light on the allowed towers in quantum gravity, and, upon combining them with unitarity and causality constraints from perturbative graviton scattering, they provide evidence for the emergent string scenario with no reference to a specific ultraviolet completion.
description: 45 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, v2: journal version