cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Variation in embryonic thermal tolerance among populations of sockeye salmon : offspring survival, growth, and hatch timing in response to elevated incubation temperature
Creators: name: Whitney, Charlotte Kathryn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Populations of Pacific salmon are genetically and morphologically distinct across large watersheds, and these differences may reflect long-term adaptation to environmental factors such as temperature. While climate warming is predicted to affect sockeye salmon, it is likely that such impacts will happen differentially across life stages and populations. Given that selective pressures during early development plays an important role in lifetime fitness, and that elevated water temperatures can critically affect embryo success, this thesis focuses on inter-population differences in offspring response to supra-optimal temperatures during incubation. Variation in embryonic thermal tolerance was explored among populations of sockeye salmon using a common garden approach. The gametes of 15-20 families per population (N = 9) were incubated at water temperatures of 10°, 14°, and 16°C. Survival from fertilization to hatch varied significantly by temperature and population, and crossing reaction norms showed an interaction of genotype (population) and environment (incubation temperature). Thermal tolerance within the study was related to historical temperatures during early development in nature. From this correlation it seems that population thermal adaptation may exist, and be driven by elevated spawning ground temperatures. The same fertilization experiment was used to evaluate differences in egg size among populations, and to test the effect of temperature, population, and egg size on offspring size and hatching characteristics. Egg size varied among groups and was not related to hatch timing variation, but was tightly correlated to alevin size. Alevin length but not mass was significantly related to incubation temperature, perhaps due to a theoretical tradeoff between development rate and metabolic rate at high temperatures. Most embryos seemed to compensate for increased growth rates at high temperatures by requiring more thermal units to hatch than at lower temperatures. Overall, I found that populations of sockeye salmon responded differently to thermal stress during embryo development, and populations responded best to temperatures that reflected their historical natal thermal regime. In the context of climate change, these results show that inter-population thermal tolerance may influence future selection among populations, and additionally, that this intraspecific thermal adaptation will be important in ensuring population, and therefore species, persistence.
Directed-polymer systems explored via their quantum analogs: Topological constraints and their consequences
Creators: name: Rocklin, D. Zeb
name: Tan, Shina
name: Goldbart, Paul M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The equilibrium statistical mechanics of classical directed polymers in 2 dimensions is well known to be equivalent to the imaginary-time quantum dynamics of a 1+1-dimensional many-particle system, with polymer configurations corresponding to particle world-lines. This equivalence motivates the application of techniques originally designed for one-dimensional many-particle quantum systems to the exploration of many-polymer systems, as first recognized and exploited by P.-G. de Gennes [J.\ Chem.\ Phys.\ {\bf 48}, 2257 (1968)]. In this low-dimensional setting interactions give rise to an emergent polymer fluid, and we examine how topological constraints on this polymer fluid (e.g., due to uncrossable pins or barriers) and their geometry give rise to strong, entropy-driven forces. In the limit of large polymer densities, in which a type of mean-field theory is accurate, we find that a point-like pin causes a divergent pile-up of polymer density on the high-density side of the pin and a zero-density region (or gap) of finite area on the low-density. In addition, we find that the force acting on a pin that is only mildly displaced from its equilibrium position is sub-Hookean, growing less than linearly with the displacement, and that the gap created by the pin also grows sublinearly with the displacement. By contrast, the forces acting between multiple pins separated along the direction preferred by the polymers are super-Hookean. These nonlinear responses result from effective long-ranged interactions between polymer segments, which emerge via short-ranged interactions between distant segments of long polymer strands. In the present paper, we focus on the case of an infinitely strong, repulsive contact interaction, which ensures that the polymers completely avoid one another. In a companion paper, we consider the effects of a wider set of inter-polymer interactions.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures
Proof of finite surface code threshold for matching
Creators: name: Fowler, Austin G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The field of quantum computation currently lacks a formal proof of experimental feasibility. Qubits are fragile and sophisticated quantum error correction is required to achieve reliable quantum computation. The surface code is a promising quantum error correction code, requiring only a physically reasonable 2-D lattice of qubits with nearest neighbor interactions. However, existing proofs that reliable quantum computation is possible using this code assume the ability to measure four-body operators and, despite making this difficult to realize assumption, require that the error rate of these operator measurements is less than 10^-9, an unphysically low target. High error rates have been proved tolerable only when assuming tunable interactions of strength and error rate independent of distance, which is also unphysical. In this work, given a 2-D lattice of qubits with only nearest neighbor two-qubit gates, and single-qubit measurement, initialization, and unitary gates, all of which have error rate p, we prove that arbitrarily reliable quantum computation is possible provided p<7.4x10^-4, a target that many experiments have already achieved. This closes a long-standing open problem, formally proving the experimental feasibility of quantum computation under physically reasonable assumptions.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, published version
title: Semi-Parametric Spatial Individual-level Disease Transmission Models
Creators: name: Rahul, Chinmoy Roy
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Semi-parametric
subject: Infectious disease modeling
subject: Behavioural Change
subject: Biostatistics

description: Over recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in research activity on spatio-temporal statistical models to describe infectious disease dynamics. Individual-level models (ILMs), fitted in a Bayesian MCMC framework, can be used to understand the underlying mechanisms responsible for the spread of the infectious diseases, taking into account population heterogeneity via various individual-level covariates. There has also been a noticeable rise in the use of models that incorporate behavioral change dynamics. In either case, in modeling infectious disease spread parametric models are frequently employed, often depending on strong underlying assumptions regarding disease transmission mechanisms within the population. However, selecting appropriate parametric assumptions can be challenging in real-world scenarios, and incorrect assumptions may lead to erroneous conclusions. As an alternative, non-parametric approaches offer greater flexibility and robustness against strong assumptions. The aim of this study is to explore the use of semi-parametric spatial infectious disease transmission models in a Bayesian MCMC framework. This approach will help us to estimate the relationships between explanatory variables and the risk of infection with much more flexible assumptions compared to parametric approaches. To achieve our goal, we begin with considering ILMs that incorporate piecewise constant (step), or piecewise linear spatial functions, which may also have estimated change points. We also investigate the utilization of piecewise constant kernel spatial models for infectious disease transmission that integrate an ``alarm function" to account for population behavioral change (BC) resulting from increased infection prevalence over time. All models are fitted within a Bayesian MCMC framework. In this thesis, we explore results derived from both simulated and real-life epidemics, showing the greater flexibility of constant piecewise functions with and without BC effects, as well as piecewise linear spatial functions with both fixed and estimated change points. We also demonstrate the selection of the number of change points using the Deviance Information Criteria (DIC).
H3.3K27M mutant proteins reprogram epigenome by sequestering the PRC2 complex to poised enhancers
Creators: name: Fang, Dong
name: Gan, Haiyun
name: Cheng, Liang
name: Lee, Jeong-Heon
name: Zhou, Hui
name: Sarkaria, Jann N.
name: Daniels, David J.
name: Zhang, Zhiguo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Histones
Gene expression
Genetic transformation
Proteins--Synthesis--Regulation
Antioncogenes

description: Expression of histone H3.3K27M mutant proteins in human diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) results in a global reduction of tri-methylation of H3K27 (H3K27me3), and paradoxically, H3K27me3 peaks remain at hundreds of genomic loci, a dichotomous change that lacks mechanistic insights. Here, we show that the PRC2 complex is sequestered at poised enhancers, but not at active promoters with high levels of H3.3K27M proteins, thereby contributing to the global reduction of H3K27me3. Moreover, the levels of H3.3K27M proteins are low at the retained H3K27me3 peaks and consequently having minimal effects on the PRC2 activity at these loci. H3K27me3-mediated silencing at specific tumor suppressor genes, including Wilms Tumor 1, promotes proliferation of DIPG cells. These results support a model in which the PRC2 complex is redistributed to poised enhancers in H3.3K27M mutant cells and contributes to tumorigenesis in part by locally enhancing H3K27me3, and hence silencing of tumor suppressor genes.
Charging the Superconformal Index
Creators: name: Zwiebel, Benjamin I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The superconformal index is an important invariant of superconformal field theories. In this note we refine the superconformal index by inserting the charge conjugation operator C. We construct a matrix integral for this charged index for N=4 SYM with SU(N) gauge group. The key ingredient for the construction is a "charged character," which reduces to Tr(C) for singlet representations of the gauge group. For each irreducible real SU(N) representation, we conjecture that this charged character is equal to the standard character for a corresponding representation of SO(N+1) or SP(N-1), for N even or odd respectively. The matrix integral for the charged index passes tests for small N and for N -> infinity. Like the ordinary superconformal index, for N=4 SYM the charged index is independent of N in the large-N limit.
description: 31 pages, v2: minor changes, published version
title: Essays on Content Moderation, Misinformation, and Fraud
Creators: name: Hojati, Afrouz
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Content Moderation
subject: Fraud Detection
subject: Misinformation
subject: Social Media
subject: User generated content
subject: Business Administration--Management

description: In the digital age, ensuring online safety has become paramount. This dissertation explores three crucial dimensions of this challenge: fraud detection, misinformation management, and the control of harmful and extreme content. First, we introduce a novel framework for detecting fraudulent websites by analyzing the interactions between websites and third-party vendors. This approach transcends the limitations of traditional content-based methods, offering a more robust and adaptable solution that leverages the underlying infrastructure of websites. Our findings demonstrate that the structure of third-party requests can effectively differentiate between fraudulent and legitimate websites across diverse categories, enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of online fraud detection. Second, we empirically investigate the indirect effects of content moderation policies on social media platforms, specifically examining the unintended consequences of a policy change on Reddit designed to prevent misinformation. Through a natural experiment, we uncover that even seemingly minor policy adjustments can have far-reaching effects on user behavior, content sentiment, and overall platform dynamics. This study underscores the need for a nuanced understanding of the indirect effects of moderation policies and their broader implications for social media platforms, users, and regulators. Finally, we develop a theoretical model to investigate the economic incentives and welfare implications of different content moderation strategies, with a particular emphasis on shadowbanning. We compare shadowbanning with content removal, the most prevalent moderation strategy, to illuminate the economic motivations behind platform choices and their impact on consumer surplus and social welfare. Our analysis reveals that shadowbanning can be economically advantageous for platforms under certain conditions, but it also raises concerns about potential negative consequences for users and overall social welfare.
title: นโยบายการพัฒนาคุณภาพชีวิตผู้สูงอายุขององค์กรปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่นในเขตจังหวัดภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ
Creators: name: เศรษฐวัฒน์ โชควรกุล
Publisher: name: สาขารัฐประศาสนศาสตร์ คณะศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยกาฬสินธุ์
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2012
Subjects: การพัฒนาคุณภาพชีวิตผู้สูงอายุ
สังคมผู้สูงอายุ
ผู้สูงอายุ
องค์กรปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่น
Development for Quality of Life of the Elderly
Elderly Society
Elderly
Local Administrative Organization

description: วารสารรัฐศาสตร์และนิติศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏกาฬสินธุ์, 1, 1, 146-165
Learning time-varying information flow from single-cell epithelial to mesenchymal transition data
Creators: name: Krishnaswamy, Smita
name: Zivanovic, Nevena
name: Sharma, Roshan
name: Pe'er, Dana
name: Bodenmiller, Bernd
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Epithelial cells
Mesenchymal stem cells
Cell transformation
Transcription factors
Cellular control mechanisms
Computational biology

description: Cellular regulatory networks are not static, but continuously reconfigure in response to stimuli via alterations in protein abundance and confirmation. However, typical computational approaches treat them as static interaction networks derived from a single time point. Here, we provide methods for learning the dynamic modulation of relationships between proteins from static single-cell data. We demonstrate our approach using TGFß induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in murine breast cancer cell line, profiled with mass cytometry. We take advantage of the asynchronous rate of transition to EMT in the data and derive a pseudotime EMT trajectory. We propose methods for visualizing and quantifying time-varying edge behavior over the trajectory, and a metric of edge dynamism to predict the effect of drug perturbations on EMT.
General analysis of decay chains with three-body decays involving missing energy
Creators: name: Chen, Chien-Yi
name: Freitas, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model-independent analysis of decays of the form C -> l+ l- A (l=e,mu) is presented, including the possibility that this three-body decay is preceded by an additional decay step D -> j C. Here A, C and D are heavy new-physics particles and j stands for a quark jet. It is assumed that A escapes direct detection in a collider experiment, so that one cannot kinematically reconstruct the momenta of the new particles. Instead, information about their properties can be obtained from invariant-mass distributions of the visible decay products, i.e. the di-lepton (ll) and jet-lepton (jl) invariant-mass distributions. All possible spin configurations and renormalizable couplings of the new particles are considered, and explicit expressions for the invariant-mass distributions are derived, in a formulation that separates the coupling parameters from the spin and kinematic information. In a numerical analysis, it is shown how these properties can be determined independently from a fit to the m(ll) and m(jl) distributions.
description: 16 pp; v2: typo in title corrected
Non-equilibrium relaxation and critical aging for driven Ising lattice gases
Creators: name: Daquila, George L.
name: Tauber, Uwe C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ Monte Carlo simulations to study the non-equilibrium relaxation of driven Ising lattice gases in two dimensions. Whereas the temporal scaling of the density auto-correlation function in the non-equilibrium steady state does not allow a precise measurement of the critical exponents, these can be accurately determined from the aging scaling of the two-time auto-correlations and the order parameter evolution following a quench to the critical point. We obtain excellent agreement with renormalization group predictions based on the standard Langevin representation of driven Ising lattice gases.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures included; to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett. (2012)
Blood-based microRNA profiling in patients with cardiac amyloidosis
Creators: name: Derda, Anselm A.
name: Pfanne, Angelika
name: Bär, Christian
name: Schimmel, Katharina
name: Kennel, Peter J.
name: Xiao, Ke
name: Schulze, Paul Christian
name: Bauersachs, Johann
name: Thum, Thomas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Amyloidosis
Protein folding
Mesenchyme
Heart--Diseases
Epithelial cells
Cell interaction

description: Introduction
Amyloidosis is caused by dysregulation of protein folding resulting in systemic or organ specific amyloid aggregation. When affecting the heart, amyloidosis can cause severe heart failure, which is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Different subtypes of cardiac amyloidosis exist e.g. transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis and senile cardiac amyloidosis. Today, diagnostics is primarily based on cardiac biopsies and no clinically used circulating blood-based biomarkers existing. Therefore, our aim was to identify circulating microRNAs in patients with different forms of amyloidosis.

Methods
Blood was collected from healthy subjects (n = 10), patients with reduced ejection fraction (EF < 35%; n = 10), patients affected by transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (n = 13) as well as senile cardiac amyloidosis (n = 11). After performing TaqMan array profiling, promising candidates, in particular miR-99a-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-1180-3p, miR-155-5p, miR-339-3p, miR-574-3p, miR-342-3p and miR-329-3p were validated via quantitative real time PCR.

Results
The validation experiments revealed a significant upregulation of miR-339-3p in patients affected with senile cardiac amyloidosis compared to controls. This corresponded to the array profiling results. In contrast, there was no deregulation in the other patient groups.

Conclusion
MiR-339-3p was increased in blood of patients with senile cardiac amyloidosis. Therefore, miR-339-3p is a potential candidate as biomarker for senile cardiac amyloidosis in future studies. Larger patient cohorts should be investigated.
Phase Structure of Gauge Theories on an Interval
Creators: name: Fujimoto, Yukihiro
name: Nagasawa, Tomoaki
name: Ohya, Satoshi
name: Sakamoto, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss gauge symmetry breaking in a general framework of gauge theories on an interval. We first derive a possible set of boundary conditions for a scalar field, which are compatible with several consistency requirements. It is shown that with these boundary conditions the scalar field can acquire a nontrivial vacuum expectation value even if the scalar mass square is positive. Any nonvanishing vacuum expectation value cannot be a constant but, in general, depends on the extra dimensional coordinate of the interval. The phase diagram of broken/unbroken gauge symmetry possesses a rich structure in the parameter space of the length of the interval, the scalar mass and the boundary conditions. We also discuss 4d chiral fermions and fermion mass hierarchies in our gauge symmetry breaking scenario.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures
title: The Genesis and Evolution of Humanitarian Operations in the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005)
Creators: name: Sholeye, Yusuf Oluwaseun
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Humanitarianism
subject: Refugees
subject: Conflict
subject: Relief Aid
subject: SPLA
subject: Economics--History

description: This thesis focuses on the beginning and development of the symbiotic relationship between the rebel Sudan People’s Liberation Army(SPLA) and humanitarian agencies during the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005). To critically examine the origins of humanitarianism in Southern Sudan, this study analyzes the roles of colonial administrators and Christian missionaries in creating the foundation for humanitarian and developmental projects among the Southerners during the Anglo-Egyptian period (1899-1955). These happenings shaped the multifaceted differences between Northern and Southern Sudan during the post-colonial period. To understand the causes and effects of relief aid among the Southerners throughout the First Civil War (1955-1972), this study explores the roles of religious groups such as the World Council of Churches (WCC) and Caritas International in the unfolding and resolving of the conflict. Against this backdrop, the interwar years witnessed the ubiquitous activities of aid agencies in the Southern regions. Subsequently, the advent of the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005) initially affected the progress of relief and rehabilitation projects. However, by the late 1980s, the warfare caused unprecedented devastation among the Southerners, creating the context for the interdependent relationship between SPLA and aid organizations within Southern Sudan. Concurrently, the liberation army exploited the influx of Southern refugees into camps in Ethiopia and Uganda to strengthen SPLA’s mutual relationship with International Organizations (IOs)and Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) beyond the Southern regions. Based on these occurrences, this thesis uses a historical approach to further examine the emergence and impacts of Operation Lifeline Sudan (OLS) as a catalyst that propelled the collaborative relationship between relief agencies and SPLA. Following the genesis of SPLA’s interaction with humanitarian agencies, different happenings determined the contraction and expansion of relief operations in the Southern regions, shaping the mutual connections between the liberation army and relief agencies during the post-Cold War period. As such, rather than examine the humanitarian operation of a specific NGO within a locality in Southern Sudan, this thesis uses a comparative analysis to examine factors that enhanced and hindered the feasibility of mounting relief aid in the Southern regions till the end of the Second Sudanese Civil War in 2005.
title: Forgotten Dreams
Creators: name: Bidar, Saba
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Music

description: Forgotten Dreams is a thirty-two-minute musical composition that explores the challenges faced by women artists across cultures and centuries. Combining true stories and personal experiences, the piece unfolds in three distinct movements, each reflecting a theme related to the ongoing struggle for equality in the arts. While acknowledging progress made towards gender parity, Forgotten Dreams underscores the need for further advancement. Inspired by the poetry of Iranian poet Parvin Etesami and the narratives of diverse female artists, the work aims to evoke empathy and raise awareness about the often-forgotten voices of remarkable women. The thesis comprises an introductory essay and a score for Mezzo Soprano, a Reader, Flute, Percussion, Harp, and String quartet.
Packaging Domestic Interests into Intellectual Property Law: Lessons from Tobacco Plain Packaging Disputes
Creators: name: Wilkinson, Genevieve
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Intellectual property law

description: Disputes about tobacco plain packaging legislation highlight the complex interplay between trade and investment agreements and domestic regulatory autonomy to protect public welfare objectives when developing intellectual property legislation. This article evaluates whether recent decisions about Australia’s plain packaging measures in the World Trade Organization (‘WTO’) Dispute Settlement Body permit effective intellectual property calibration for local conditions in Australia. It finds that states should feel more confident about developing intellectual property policy that restricts the interests of intellectual property owners but is consistent with social welfare interests and non-WTO agreements such as the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. It recommends a series of questions for legislators to consider when restricting intellectual property rights. The Philip Morris-Uruguay arbitration on Uruguayan tobacco packaging measures demonstrates that the proposed approach could also be useful to support contested intellectual property legislation in investor-state disputes. The article argues that adopting this approach can support both calibration of domestic interests in domestic intellectual property laws and better integration of different fields of international law such as human rights obligations.
Ramboldia russula Kalb, Lumbsch & Elix
Creators: name: R, Jeanne dos
name: Silva, eis
name: Aptroot, André
name: E, Marcela
name: S, ugenia da
name: Cáceres, ilva
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Lecanoromycetes
Lecanorales
Ramboldiaceae
Ramboldia
Ramboldia russula

description: Ramboldia russula (Ach.) Kalb, Lumbsch & Elix
PREVIOUS REPORT. — Mistry (1998).
NEW REPORT. — Parque Nacional de Brasília, on bark, leg. J.A.R. Silva, ISE 53599.
description: Published as part of R, Jeanne dos, Silva, eis, Aptroot, André, E, Marcela, S, ugenia da & Cáceres, ilva, 2023, Lichens from dry central Brazil: a checklist of lichenized fungi from Distríto Federal and Goiás, pp. 117-133 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (9) on page 123, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2023v44a9, http://zenodo.org/record/8434271
Packaging Domestic Interests into Intellectual Property Law: Lessons from Tobacco Plain Packaging Disputes
Creators: name: Wilkinson, Genevieve
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Intellectual property law

description: Disputes about tobacco plain packaging legislation highlight the complex interplay between trade and investment agreements and domestic regulatory autonomy to protect public welfare objectives when developing intellectual property legislation. This article evaluates whether recent decisions about Australia’s plain packaging measures in the World Trade Organization (‘WTO’) Dispute Settlement Body permit effective intellectual property calibration for local conditions in Australia. It finds that states should feel more confident about developing intellectual property policy that restricts the interests of intellectual property owners but is consistent with social welfare interests and non-WTO agreements such as the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. It recommends a series of questions for legislators to consider when restricting intellectual property rights. The Philip Morris-Uruguay arbitration on Uruguayan tobacco packaging measures demonstrates that the proposed approach could also be useful to support contested intellectual property legislation in investor-state disputes. The article argues that adopting this approach can support both calibration of domestic interests in domestic intellectual property laws and better integration of different fields of international law such as human rights obligations.
Enhancement of $T_{c}$ by disorder in underdoped iron pnictides
Creators: name: Fernandes, R. M.
name: Vavilov, M. G.
name: Chubukov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze how disorder affects the transition temperature $T_{c}$ of the $s^{+-}$superconducting state in the iron pnictides. The conventional wisdom is that $T_{c}$ should rapidly decrease with increasing inter-band non-magnetic impurity scattering, but we show that this behavior holds only in the overdoped region of the phase diagram. In the underdoped regime, where superconductivity emerges from a pre-existing magnetic state, disorder gives rise to two competing effects: breaking of the Cooper pairs, which tends to reduce $T_{c}$, and suppression of the itinerant magnetic order, which tends to bring $T_{c}$ up. We show that for a wide range of parameters the second effect wins, leading to an increase of $T_{c}$ with disorder in the coexistence state. Our results explain several recent experimental findings and provide another evidence for $s^{+-}$-pairing in the iron pnictides.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; revised version accepted in PRB-RC
title: Development of Site-Selective C-H Functionalization Strategies for Azaheterocycles
Creators: name: Kaur, Milanpreet
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Heterocycles
subject: Site-Selective Reaction
subject: Amination
subject: Hydroxylation
subject: C-H Functionalization
subject: Chemistry--Organic

description: C-H activation is an area of major ongoing research exploration and has emerged as a valuable addition to the organic chemist’s toolbox for the rapid construction of compounds that are of great interest to the pharmaceutical industry. More specifically, recent work has focused on C-H activation at a late stage in complex and biologically relevant molecules. Recently, activation of C-H bonds in heterocycles has emerged as a new route in the synthesis of heterocycles. In particular, the transformation of the C-H bond into C-X bond (where= carbon, oxygen or nitrogen) in heterocycles has gained interest due to its availability in biologically active pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and natural products. Although various approaches have been developed for activating C-H bonds in azaheterocycles, there has been a noticeable challenge in a) carrying competitive C-H functionalization when several sites of comparable reactivity are present; and b) accessing many possible reactive sites within a substrate. This work showcases the development of a novel site-selective C-H functionalization strategy in azaheterocycles by taking substrates with different C-H bonds of comparable reactivity and selectivity and converting only one of those C-H bonds predictably into a new carbon-element bond. The goal was to do so using catalyst control and without including any directing groups. This research begins with the development of a new site-selective benzylic C-H hydroxylation in electron-deficient azaheterocycles, encompassing a diverse range of substrates. The latter part of the thesis addresses the challenges associated with the site-selective amination strategy previously developed by our group. In-depth research was conducted to develop catalytic systems capable of selectively and predictably aminating the C-H bond adjacent to an azaheterocycle. Additionally, extensive research was conducted towards synthesizing and deprotecting aminating reagents as well as utilizing photochemistry to install a selective hydrazine/amine unit that can be used to direct other C-H functionalization chemistries.
Generally covariant state-dependent diffusion
Creators: name: Polettini, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Statistical invariance of Wiener increments under SO(n) rotations provides a notion of gauge transformation of state-dependent Brownian motion. We show that the stochastic dynamics of non gauge-invariant systems is not unambiguously defined. They typically do not relax to equilibrium steady states even in the absence of extenal forces. Assuming both coordinate covariance and gauge invariance, we derive a second-order Langevin equation with state-dependent diffusion matrix and vanishing environmental forces. It differs from previous proposals but nevertheless entails the Einstein relation, a Maxwellian conditional steady state for the velocities, and the equipartition theorem. The over-damping limit leads to a stochastic differential equation in state space that cannot be interpreted as a pure differential (Ito, Stratonovich or else). At odds with the latter interpretations, the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation admits an equilibrium steady state; a detailed comparison with other theories of state-dependent diffusion is carried out. We propose this as a theory of diffusion in a heat bath with varying temperature. Besides equilibrium, a crucial experimental signature is the non-uniform steady spatial distribution.
description: 24 pages
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) Durability Factors,Challenges, and Future Perspectives: A Detailed Review
Creators: name: Habib, Md. Shehan
name: Arefin, Paroma
name: Salam, Abdus
name: Ahmed, Kawsar
name: Uddin, Md. Sahab
name: Hossain, Tareq
name: Papri, Nasrin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics
subject: Atomic Physics
subject: 20201 Atomic and Molecular Physics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 20299 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: 20202 Nuclear Physics

description: Hydrogen fuel cell technology is now being researched extensively
globally to provide a stable renewable energy source in the future. New
research is aiding in improving performance, endurance, cost-efficiency,
and the elimination of fuel cell limitations. Throughout the development
process, the many aspects impacting the features, efficiency, durability,
and cost of a fuel cell must be examined in a specific method. This
review study looked at the impact of several variables on hydrogen fuel
cell durability (HFC). In every sphere of fuel cell application, long-term
operation is a must to make this electrochemical cell work. The major
durability-enhancing aspects of a fuel cell include temperature, catalytic
decay, contaminants, thermal energy and water maintenance, and fuel
cell component design.
Numerical studies of the ABJM theory for arbitrary N at arbitrary coupling constant
Creators: name: Hanada, Masanori
name: Honda, Masazumi
name: Honma, Yoshinori
name: Nishimura, Jun
name: Shiba, Shotaro
name: Yoshida, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the ABJM theory, which is an N=6 superconformal U(N)*U(N) Chern-Simons gauge theory, can be studied for arbitrary N at arbitrary coupling constant by applying a simple Monte Carlo method to the matrix model that can be derived from the theory by using the localization technique. This opens up the possibility of probing the quantum aspects of M-theory and testing the AdS_4/CFT_3 duality at the quantum level. Here we calculate the free energy, and confirm the N^{3/2} scaling in the M-theory limit predicted from the gravity side. We also find that our results nicely interpolate the analytical formulae proposed previously in the M-theory and type IIA regimes. Furthermore, we show that some results obtained by the Fermi gas approach can be clearly understood from the constant map contribution obtained by the genus expansion. The method can be easily generalized to the calculations of BPS operators and to other theories that reduce to matrix models.
description: 35 pages, 20 figures; reference added. The simulation code is available upon request to mhonda@post.kek.jp
Focal optogenetic suppression in macaque area MT biases direction discrimination and decision confidence, but only transiently
Creators: name: Fetsch, Christopher R.
name: Odean, Naomi N.
name: Jeurissen, Danique
name: El-Shamayleh, Yasmine
name: Horwitz, Gregory D.
name: Shadlen, Michael Neil
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optogenetics
subject: Neural networks (Neurobiology)
subject: Psychology, Pathological
subject: Decision making
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Insights from causal manipulations of brain activity depend on targeting the spatial and temporal scales most relevant for behavior. Using a sensitive perceptual decision task in monkeys, we examined the effects of rapid, reversible inactivation on a spatial scale previously achieved only with electrical microstimulation. Inactivating groups of similarly tuned neurons in area MT produced systematic effects on choice and confidence. Behavioral effects were attenuated over the course of each session, suggesting compensatory adjustments in the downstream readout of MT over tens of minutes. Compensation also occurred on a sub-second time scale: behavior was largely unaffected when the visual stimulus (and concurrent suppression) lasted longer than 350 ms. These trends were similar for choice and confidence, consistent with the idea of a common mechanism underlying both measures. The findings demonstrate the utility of hyperpolarizing opsins for linking neural population activity at fine spatial and temporal scales to cognitive functions in primates.
Matchings in Random Biregular Bipartite Graphs
Creators: name: Perarnau, Guillem
name: Petridis, Giorgis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the existence of perfect matchings in suitably chosen induced subgraphs of random biregular bipartite graphs. We prove a result similar to a classical theorem of Erdos and Renyi about perfect matchings in random bipartite graphs. We also present an application to commutative graphs, a class of graphs that are featured in additive number theory.
description: 30 pages and 3 figures - Latest version has updated introduction and bibliography
title: In Vitro Modeling of Clozapine-Induced Myocarditis to Elucidate Mechanism and Identify Potential Therapeutics
Creators: name: Vaziri, Nazanin
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics--Medical

description: Schizophrenia is a common and devastating psychiatric disorder. A significant proportion (30-60%) of patients show incomplete recovery from their symptoms despite treatment and are classified as “treatment-resistant.” Clozapine is the only approved pharmacotherapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. However, the widespread utilization of clozapine is constrained due to the potential for severe adverse effects, including myocarditis. Multiple mechanisms have been suggested to account for the cardiotoxic effects of clozapine, yet these investigations have not used cells derived from clozapine treated patients and the precise mechanism of clozapine-induced myocarditis remains unknown. For this study, cardiomyocytes that were derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) generated from four patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia with (n = 2) and without (n = 2) a history of clozapine-induced myocarditis were used to test the hypothesis that that clozapine increases mitochondrial ROS production and mitochondrial fragmentation that then leads to activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway which induces myocarditis. We found that treatment of cardiomyocytes with a physiologically relevant dose (2.8 μM) of clozapine for 24 hours: (1) induced cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction, increased cytotoxicity, and apoptosis, (2) induced oxidative stress by elevating the level of reactive oxygen species and increasing mitochondrial fragmentation, and (3) elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and activated the NLRP3 inflammasome. These effects were more pronounced in iPSC-CMs from individuals with a history of clozapine-induced myocarditis. Pharmacological protection of mitochondria with elamipretide and blockade of inflammasome signalling with ustekinumab attenuated these clozapine-induced cardiotoxic effects. Collectively, these results suggest that a mitochondria- and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated mechanism is responsible for the development of myocarditis associated with clozapine and support further evaluation of therapeutics that target mitochondria and NLRP3 signaling.
The $KD$, $ηD_s$ interaction in finite volume and the nature of the $D_{s^* 0}(2317)$ resonance
Creators: name: Torres, A. Martínez
name: Dai, L. R.
name: Koren, C.
name: Jido, D.
name: Oset, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An SU(4) extrapolation of the chiral unitary theory in coupled channels done to study the scalar mesons in the charm sector is extended to produce results in finite volume. The theory in the infinite volume produces dynamically the $D_{s^*0}(2317)$ resonance by means of the coupled channels $KD$, $ηD_s$. Energy levels in the finite box are evaluated and, assuming that they would correspond to lattice results, the inverse problem of determining the bound states and phase shifts in the infinite volume from the lattice data is addressed. We observe that it is possible to obtain accurate $KD$ phase shifts and the position of the $D_{s^*0}(2317)$ state, but it requires the explicit consideration of the two coupled channels in the analysis if one goes close to the $ηD_s$ threshold. We also show that the finite volume spectra look rather different in case the $D_{s^*0}(2317)$ is a composite state of the two mesons, or if it corresponds to a non molecular state with a small overlap with the two meson system. We then show that a careful analysis of the finite volume data can shed some light on the nature of the $D_{s^*0}(2317)$ resonance as a $KD$ molecule or otherwise.
description: Published version
title: Carbon-aware Federated Learning with Model Size Adaptation
Creators: name: Abbasi, Ali
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: federated learning
subject: carbon emission
subject: model compression
subject: ordered dropout
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Engineering--Electronics and Electrical
subject: Computer Science

description: Developing machine learning models heavily depends on the availability of data. Establishing a responsible data economy and safeguarding data ownership are essential to facilitate learning from distinct, heterogeneous data sources without centralizing data. Federated learning (FL) provides a collaborative framework that enables model development using data from geographically distributed clients, each characterized by unique carbon footprints associated with varying energy sources which can lead to significant carbon emissions when learning from these decentralized data from edge clients like smart phones and IoT devices. This variability in carbon intensity poses a substantial challenge in striving for environmentally sustainable model training with minimal carbon emissions. This thesis introduces innovative carbon-aware strategies within FL to mitigate total carbon emissions through strategic client engagement and resource allocation. We propose two distinct methods: (1) clustering clients based on data distribution and offsetting high carbon emissions with those exhibiting lower emissions, implemented through a client similarity matrix (FedGreenCS), and (2) adapting model sizes based on the carbon intensity of client locations (FedGreen), employing model compression techniques. Our results affirm the effectiveness of both approaches in harmonizing model performance with environmental impact, underscoring their potential as sustainable solutions in distributed learning scenarios. We conduct a theoretical analysis of the trade-offs between carbon emissions and convergence accuracy, taking into account the carbon intensity disparities across different regions to optimally select parameters. Empirical studies reveal that model size adaptation significantly reduces the carbon footprints of FL, surpassing contemporary methods while maintaining competitive accuracy. This research also highlights the viability of client selection and model adaptation as sustainable strategies in distributed learning contexts.
Papers in Australian Linguistics No. 6
Creators: name: Schebeck, B. (Ed.)
name: Hercus, L. (Ed.)
name: White, I. (Ed.)
Publisher: name: Pacific Linguistics
Year: 1973

description: A-36
description: Contents iii{B. SCHEBECK} 1THE ADNJAMATHANHA PERSONAL PRONOUN AND THE "WAILPI KINSHIP SYSTEM".IN MEMORY OF ANDREW COULTHARD 1 0. INTRODUCTION 3 1. SYSTEMATIC PRESENTATION 4 2. DETAILED PRESENTATION 10 3. SOME ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION 23NOTES 29BIBLIOGRAPHY 44{LUISE A. HERCUS AND ISOBEL M. WHITE} 47PERCEPTION OF KINSHIP STRUCTURE REFLECTED IN THE ADNJAMATHANHA PRONOUNS. 1. INTRODUCTION 49=63#ILLUSTRATIONS: 1. Andrew and Dolly Coulthard 48a=55# 2. May Wilton 48a=55# 3. Jack Coulthard 48c=57# 4. Sydney and Annie Ryan 48e=59# 5. Alice Oldfield 48g=61# 6. Barney Coffin 48g=61# 2. THE ADNJAMATHANHA AND THEIR KINSHIP AND MARRIAGE SYSTEM 50=64# 3. THE PERCEPTION OF KINSHIP STRUCTURE 53 4. PRONOUN FORMS 57 5. COLLECTIVE NOUNS 60 6. THE GEOGRAPHICAL EXTENT OF THE ADNJAMATHANHA PRONOUN SYSTEM 61 7. THE FURTHER EXTENT OF COMPLEX PRONOUN SYSTEMS 62 a. in other parts of Australia 62 b. Southern and Eastern Aranda 63 c. Arabana - Waŋgaŋuru and the Dieri Language Group 63 8. NOTES 67FIGURES AND TABLES: Figure I The Ŋapaḷa and Ubmaḷi Relationships 68a=83# Table 1 Adnjamathanha Kinship Terminology from the point of view of a Man 69=85# Table 2 Adnjamathanha Kinship Terminology from the point of view of a Woman 71MAPS: Map 1. Distribution of Birth-order Names 73 Map 2. Distribution of Special Pronouns in South Central Australia 75