cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Emerging stock markets in the Pacific Basin : An empirical analysis with particular reference to the Korean stock market.
Creators: name: Ryoo, Hyun-Jung
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 2001

description: This thesis investigates emerging stock markets in the Pacific Basin with particular reference to the Korean stock market, which is representative of typical, fast-growing emerging markets. Using a broader range of econometric models, the short-run and long-run behaviour of stock prices, the impact of changes of a price limit system, and derivatives trading on the stock market are investigated. In the first two chapters, recent performance of emerging stock markets in the Pacific Basin and the development of the Korean stock market are examined. Chapter 3 investigates the behaviour of Korean stock market volatility is investigated. The results show that the GARCH(1,1)-AR(1) and the GARCH(1,1)-MA(1) seemed to be the best fit models among the Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) class models. The nexus between Korean stock market returns and macroeconomic variables is investigated in Chapter 5. The evidence suggests that changes in the exports/imports ratio is the most important determinant in forecasting the variance of stock returns in the Korean export-oriented economy. Chapter 6 provides tests of long-run equilibrium among Pacific-Basin stock markets for a period spanning the Asian financial market crises. Using unit root tests, which allow for a possible crash, the results find that four of the series are trend stationary. Among the remaining I(1) series, little evidence of cointegration is found. In Chapter 7, the consequences of price limits for weak-form efficiency is investigated for the first time. The evidence suggests that the stock market as a whole approaches a random walk as price limits are relaxed. Chapter 8 investigates the impact on the spot market of trading in KOSPI 200 futures. Empirical results show that futures trading increases the speed at which information is impounded into spot market prices. The lead-lag relation is asymmetric with stronger evidence that the stock index futures market leads the spot market.
Electron-Hole Tunneling Revealed by Quantum Oscillations in the Nodal-Line Semimetal HfSiS
Creators: name: Delft, M. R. Van
name: Pezzini, S.
name: Khouri, T.
name: Müller, C. S. A.
name: Breitkreiz, M.
name: Schoop, L. M.
name: Carrington, A.
name: Hussey, N. E.
name: Wiedmann, S.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Fermi surface
subject: Magnetotransport
subject: Node-line semimetals
subject: Density functional theory
subject: Shubnikov-de Haas effect
subject: 500 Natural sciences and mathematics::530 Physics::530 Physics

description: We report a study of quantum oscillations in the high-field magnetoresistance of the nodal-line semimetal HfSiS. In the presence of a magnetic field up to 31 T parallel to the c axis, we observe quantum oscillations originating both from orbits of individual electron and hole pockets, and from magnetic breakdown between these pockets. In particular, we reveal a breakdown orbit enclosing one electron and one hole pocket in the form of a “figure of eight,” which is a manifestation of Klein tunneling in momentum space, although in a regime of partial transmission due to the finite separation between the pockets. The observed very strong dependence of the oscillation amplitude on the field angle and the cyclotron masses of the orbits are in agreement with the theoretical predictions for this novel tunneling phenomenon.
title: Unequally Insecure: Rising Black/White Disparities in Job Displacement, 1981-2017
Creators: name: Wrigley-Field, Elizabeth
name: Seltzer, Nathan
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2019

description: Social scientists have documented vast racial disparities in labor market outcomes such as hiring and firing decisions, compensation, and opportunities for occupational advancement. Yet little is known about the racial patterning of job displacement (permanent involuntary layoffs), a remarkably common labor market outcome. Using data from the Displaced Worker Survey, covering nearly four decades of displacements, 1981-2017, we provide the first systematic analysis of Black/white displacement disparities since the 1990s. We find that Black workers were nearly always more likely to be displaced than whites, but the Black/white disparity has grown over time, with excess Black displacement doubling for women and tripling for men since the 1990s. Additionally, during the 1990s, being Black replaced lacking a college degree as the better predictor of displacement. To evaluate whether these disparities are explained by compositional differences—i.e. whether Black workers were more likely to be employed in displacement-prone jobs than whites—we decompose Black-white displacement disparities by job characteristics including occupation, industry, and public vs. private sector, and indexes reflecting displacement risk and job quality. The results support arguments that the public sector has become less protective for Black workers, but generally provide scant evidence that compositional differences explain the rise of racial disparities in displacement. This is an updated version of DOI: https://doi.org/10.18128/MPC2019-06
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
Cone_Online_Appendix – Supplemental material for A Process Dissociation Model of Implicit Rapid Revision in Response to Diagnostic Revelations
Creators: name: Cone, Jeremy
name: Calanchini, Jimmy
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Supplemental material, Cone_Online_Appendix for A Process Dissociation Model of Implicit Rapid Revision in Response to Diagnostic Revelations by Jeremy Cone and Jimmy Calanchini in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
title: Opening the Front Door: Household Composition as a Link Between Asian American Identities and Histories
Creators: name: Kathawalla, Ummul-Kiram
name: Liebler, Carolyn A.
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2019
Subjects: context
ethnic-racial identity and identification
household diversity
Asian American immigration history
census

description: We focus on the household’s racial-ethnic homogeneity and diversity as a bridge between society-level forces and person-level experiences. We use 2010 U.S. Census data and focus on groups who fall under the general label “Asian American” to explore the relationships between household context and histories (e.g. immigration, intermarriage, settlement patterns). We provide fine-grain descriptive information into the contextual experience for Asian American subgroups. Specific Asian group histories work together with household composition to influence individuals’ ethnic-racial identification. Our results provide important contextual information using household diversity, homogeneity, and size to better understand an important location where ethnic-racial development occurs.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
Reviewer_1_v.1 – Supplemental material for Combination therapy of gefitinib and miR-30a-5p may overcome acquired drug resistance through regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway in non-small cell lung cancer
Creators: name: Fengfeng Wang
name: Meng, Fei
name: Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
name: Cho, William C.S.
name: Sijun Yang
name: Chan, Lawrence W.C.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110203 Respiratory Diseases

description: Supplemental material, Reviewer_1_v.1 for Combination therapy of gefitinib and miR-30a-5p may overcome acquired drug resistance through regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway in non-small cell lung cancer by Fengfeng Wang, Fei Meng, Sze Chuen Cesar Wong, William C.S. Cho, Sijun Yang and Lawrence W.C. Chan in Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease
title: Implications of Measurement: Comparing ATUS Estimates of Physical Activity to NHANES
Creators: name: Hill, Rachelle
name: Flood, Sarah
name: Williams, Kari
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2020
Subjects: physical activity
measurement
time diary
accelerometer

description: Measuring physical activity reliably and accurately is challenging. The gold standard is limited because it is resource intensive. Accelerometer data has been used as a more accessible option but other less explored data such as time diary data could be a good alternative. Understanding how estimates differ by measurement strategy, including time diary data and accelerometer data, is thus an important contribution to the limited research base about physical activity measurement. Using nationally representative data from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the 2006-2008 American Time Use Survey (ATUS), we investigate the following questions. First, how do recall estimates of time spent in physical activity in the ATUS compare to NHANES estimates based on accelerometer data? And, to what extent do these estimates vary by demographic characteristics?
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
title: Ritual concepts and political factors in the making of Tang Dynasty princess tombs(643-706 A.D.).
Creators: name: Liu, Chao-Hui J.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 2005

description: The thesis examines the art and epitaphs of five princess tombs of the Chinese medieval Tang Dynasty (618-907 A.D.) against the background of the historical period and ritual concepts. The thesis discovers that the tomb of a princess did not depict her former life but that its scale, epitaph, and art reflected the status that the tomb builders planned for the deceased, the current political situation, and contemporary concepts of death and burial. Ritual is the grammar with which image and text built their representation of the princess's last abode. The first chapter provides a survey of the field, theoretical perspective and research methodology, and a broad narrative account of the five tombs using archaeological reports and firsthand fieldwork observation. Chapter Two explores the historical background of the sixty-four year period (643-706 A.D.) in which these tombs were built, the conflicts over the extent of princess influence and prestige and the relationship between status and representation. Chapter Three uses ritual texts to reconstruct the possible structure of the transition of the princesses from life to death and the codification of their commemoration, beginning from the living household of the princess and ending at the tomb, her new abode-in-death. The preparations and the burial itself could take anywhere from one to seven months. I argue that these ritual actions and concepts created a space in which the classic stages of rites of passage-separation, liminality, and re-incorporation-occur. Chapter Four shows how princess identities were codified at death by epitaphs which followed a ritually- prescribed plan in describing the princesses' lives. Chapter Five discusses how murals, pottery figurines, and the line engravings on stone together contribute to a coherent program depicting the entry and settlement of the deceased into her new home.
title: Depicted identities: Image and image-makers of post-1959 Tibet.
Creators: name: Harris, Clare E.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1997

description: This thesis examines the role of images and image-makers in the period after 1959, when political control of Tibet was assumed by the People's Republic of China and thousands of Tibetans followed the Dalai Lama into exile. It is based on the work of image-makers in exile communities in India and in the Tibetan Autonomous Region of the People's Republic. The first section of the thesis establishes the importance of images in the exile community (with emphasis on the Tibetan capital-in-exile, Dharamsala) as religious objects and as definers of identity. Image-makers' responses to the conditions of exile and their engagement with new techniques of production and subject matter are discussed. Their works are analysed in the context of Tibetan debates about what constitutes appropriate imagery for exilic conditions. The thesis demonstrates that style is invented and negotiated in different ways, with significant differences emerging between image-makers in Dharamsala and those outside the capital-in-exile. The second section of the study examines the parallel history of image production in the Tibetan Autonomous Region. Here the impact of the colonial gaze is registered in a chapter on Chinese depictions of Tibet. The resulting entanglement of Chinese and Tibetan styles of image- making over the course of nearly five decades is outlined. Finally, the emergence of self-consciously Tibetan "modernist" images and image- makers is considered. A case study of one artist, who has worked in both the Tibetan Autonomous Region and the capital-in exile, draws the two sections into a problematised alignment. The contribution of this thesis rests in the analysis of Tibetan images during a period of dramatic political and social upheaval, a subject which has been largely ignored by art historians and is only beginning to be considered by anthropologists. It aims to enter into a debate about style in Tibetan painting from the perspective of post-1959 Tibetan image-makers.
sj-pdf-1-sjs-10.1177_1457496920930142 – Supplemental material for Validation of the low anterior resection syndrome score in finnish patients: preliminary results on quality of life in different lars severity groups
Creators: name: Carpelan, Anu
name: Elamo, Eeva
name: Karvonen, Jukka
name: Varpe, Pirita
name: Elamo, Sami
name: Vahlberg, Tero
name: Grönroos, Juha
name: Huhtinen, Heikki
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 110323 Surgery
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-sjs-10.1177_1457496920930142 for Validation of the low anterior resection syndrome score in finnish patients: preliminary results on quality of life in different lars severity groups by Anu Carpelan, Eeva Elamo, Jukka Karvonen, Pirita Varpe, Sami Elamo, Tero Vahlberg, Juha Grönroos and Heikki Huhtinen in Scandinavian Journal of Surgery
title: The life and poetry of Dai Tian.
Creators: name: Ng, Lui N.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1999

description: The thesis studies the life and poetry of Dai Tian (1937-) as a Hong Kong poet. Hong Kong literature and poetry have seldom been studied by scholars in the West in past years. With the ending of British colonial rule and the handing over of the sovereignty of Hong Kong back to the Chinese on 1st July 1997, there is an urgency in the study of Hong Kong poetry to render overdue recognition to Hong Kong poets. Dai Tian was bom in China, raised in Mauritius, studied in Taiwan and the USA, and now lives in Hong Kong. In this thesis, I demonstrate that Hong Kong poetry exists and that Dai Tian is one of its foremost representatives. The thesis is in 5 chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the literary activities and development of Hong Kong from 1842-1997. A definition of Hong Kong poetry on the basis of themes will be given. The question of Hong Kong being a place of importance in poetry is raised. Chapter 2 is an account of the life of Dai Tian. Chapter 3 is the discussion of Dai Tian's poetry. Dai Tian's poetry is divided into 3 stages, the 1st stage is from 1957-1966, the 2nd stage from 1967-1980 and the stage from 1981-1990. Recurring themes like Chineseness, Chinese arts and artists, time and life, international politics, fables and cultural China are discussed. Chapter 4 is the study of Dai Tian as a Hong Kong poet. Dai Tian's poetry will be studied as representative of Hong Kong poets. The themes of anti-colonialism and Hong Kong as a periphery to Mainland China, Taiwan and the United Kingdom will be examined. Chapter 5 concludes the thesis and examines the friendship between Dai Tian and contemporary poets, Dai Tian's influence on Hong Kong poets and his plans for future writings.
Appendix_1 – Supplemental material for Validation of the Low Anterior Resection Syndrome Score in Finnish Patients: Preliminary Results on Quality of Life in Different Lars Severity Groups
Creators: name: Carpelan, A.
name: Elamo, E.
name: Karvonen, J.
name: Varpe, P.
name: Elamo, S.
name: Vahlberg, T.
name: Grönroos, J.
name: Huhtinen, H.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110323 Surgery
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplemental material, Appendix_1 for Validation of the Low Anterior Resection Syndrome Score in Finnish Patients: Preliminary Results on Quality of Life in Different Lars Severity Groups by A. Carpelan, E. Elamo, J. Karvonen, P. Varpe, S. Elamo, T. Vahlberg, J. Grönroos and H. Huhtinen in Scandinavian Journal of Surgery
Anthelmintic resistance of horse strongyle nematodes to ivermectin and pyrantel in Lithuania
Creators: name: Dauparaitė, Evelina
name: Kupčinskas, Tomas
name: Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg Von
name: Petkevičius, Saulius
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Efficacy
subject: Helminths
subject: In vivo
subject: Selective therapy
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Background With intensive use of anthelmintic drugs in recent decades, anthelmintic resistance (AR) in horse nematodes is becoming a growing issue in many countries. However, there is little available information about the parasites, treatment practices or AR in the horse population in Lithuania. The aim of this study was to assess the current situation of AR on horse farms in Lithuania. The study was conducted in 25 stables on horses with a strongyle faecal egg count (FEC) of >= 200 eggs per gram. A faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was performed on each farm after administration of ivermectin (IVM) or pyrantel (PYR). Results The efficacy of IVM was comparatively high, with 98.8% of 250 horses having a zero egg count 14 days after treatment. Two conditions were used to interpret the FECRT results for PYR: firstly, resistance was determined when FECR was < 90% and the lower 95% confidence interval (LCL) was < 80%, and secondly when in addition the upper confidence level (UCL) was < 95%. Under the first condition, resistance against PYR was found in five stables (25% of all tested herds), while when considering the UCL as well, resistance was only detected in two stables (8%). The FEC showed a significant (P < 0.01) difference between the treatment and control groups. Only cyathostomin larvae were detected in larval cultures derived from strongyle-positive faecal samples collected 14 days after treatment of a test group with PYR. Conclusions This in vivo study showed that PYR resistance is prevalent on horse farms in Lithuania, while the efficacy of IVM still appears to be unaffected. However, further studies of ivermectin resistance are needed. These findings should guide the implementation of more sustainable management of strongyle infections in horses in Lithuania.
title: User Beware: Concerning Findings from Recent U.S. Internal Revenue Service Migration Data
Creators: name: DeWaard, Jack
name: Hauer, Mathew
name: Fussell, Elizabeth
name: Curtis, Katherine J.
name: Whitaker, Stephan
name: McConnell, Kathryn
name: Price, Kobie
name: Egan-Robertson, David
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2020
Subjects: Migration
Internal migration
Migration data
Internal Revenue Service
U.S. Census Bureau

description: The U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) makes publicly and freely available annual placebased and place-to-place migration data at the state and county levels. Among their many uses, the IRS migration data inform estimates of net-migration as part of the U.S. Census Bureau’s Population Estimates Program, which, in turn, are used for producing other annual statistics, survey design, business planning, community development programs, and federal funding allocations. In this Research Note, we document what appears to be a systemic problem with the IRS migration data since the IRS took over responsibilities for preparing these data from the U.S. Census Bureau in 2011. We conclude by speculating on possible reasons for this problem and suggesting that the post-2011 IRS migration data not be used until the IRS resolves this issue.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
title: Water stress: Some symptoms and causes: A case study of Ta'iz, Yemen.
Creators: name: Handley, Christopher D.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1999

description: This study claims that to develop water resources sustainably in areas facing water shortage an understanding of the factors leading to scarcity require an integrated, interdisciplinary and holistic approach. This hypothesis has been tested in the context of a water shortage crisis in the Yemeni city of Ta'iz (population 400,000) that peaked in 1995. The crisis was triggered by the demise of the main aquifer supplying the city. Numerical assessment of the aquifer's water resources permits an historical reconstruction of its degradation. The environmental cost of its demise, were irrigated agriculture to cease so that the aquifer could recover, is modelled. The returns to water from agriculture and industry are estimated in economic and livelihood provision terms, and contrasted. Sectoral contribution to water resource pollution is also contrasted. The area's dependence on grain imports is evaluated in terms of 'virtual water' (Allan, 1998). Adaptation to water shortage of individual households and water-related businesses is assessed quantitatively (through questionnaires) and that of political actors qualitatively through interviews. An assessment of the influence of the legal and institutional frameworks to the adaptive process utilises secondary data and interviews. These data and analysis suggest that the reality of water allocation in the Ta'iz area reflects politcal rather than economic factors, and economic rather than water resource criteria. The data are also used to examine critically the causes of the crisis in terms of political ecology and environmental reconstructionist models of sustainable development. An alternative model is proposed which incorporates economic progress, environmental protection and equity provision. Northern hydropolitical theory is found inadequate to encompass the allocative process of a Southern weak state (Migdal, 1988).
title: LINK and the dynamics of utterance interpretation.
Creators: name: Swinburne, David T.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1999

description: The operation allows the derivation of inferential units as the result of syntactic processing. The same operation derives structure across a diffuse range of data; the differences between these are attributable to lexical information and the dynamics of the process. The thesis examines a range of data where clauses depend on some element in the main clause for interpretation. These are assigned structure as LINK trees in the framework of Labelled Deductive Systems for Natural Language outlined in Kempson, Meyer-Viol & Gabbay, (Dynamic Syntax: the Deductive Flow of Natural Language, in prep.). I describe the approach to utterance interpretation this proposes: linguistic structure is built incrementally according to lexically encoded procedural instructions and rules of construction constrained by pragmatic principles. This allows a perspective where problems previously divided between syntax, semantics and pragmatics can be addressed in a more unified manner. 1 outline the operation as it has been developed for relative clauses. This allows several trees to be built for the same utterance which are connected by a having a node description in common. I argue that this operation can be extended to cover the following data: extraposed relative clauses, reduced relative clauses, adjunct predicates and parenthetical constituents. To this end I introduce type (p) into the framework, which allows the representation of non-tensed propositions and I modify the operation to allow the creation of trees from discontinuous input. I develop context-dependent lexical rules to capture the difference between modifying and predicative uses of lexical items. The interaction of processing tasks, compilation and lexical information determines the precise nature of the structures which are built. The update procedure I develop allows a uniform characterisation of the way structure is derived across different contexts, shedding new light on the dynamics of building interpretation.
Data assimilation of CrIS NH3 satellite observations for improving spatiotemporal NH3 distributions in LOTOS-EUROS
Creators: name: Graaf, Shelley Van Der
name: Dammers, Enrico
name: Segers, Arjo
name: Kranenburg, Richard
name: Schaap, Martijn
name: Shephard, Mark W.
name: Erisman, Jan Willem
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: ammonia
subject: atmospheric levels
subject: satellite observations
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Atmospheric levels of ammonia (NH3) have substantially increased during the last century, posing a hazard to both human health and environmental quality. The atmospheric budget of NH3, however, is still highly uncertain due to an overall lack of observations. Satellite observations of atmospheric NH3 may help us in the current observational and knowledge gaps. Recent observations of the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) provide us with daily, global distributions of NH3. In this study, the CrIS NH3 product is assimilated into the LOTOS-EUROS chemistry transport model using two different methods aimed at improving the modeled spatiotemporal NH3 distributions. In the first method NH3 surface concentrations from CrIS are used to fit spatially varying NH3 emission time factors to redistribute model input NH3 emissions over the year. The second method uses the CrIS NH3 profile to adjust the NH3 emissions using a local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) in a top-down approach. The two methods are tested separately and combined, focusing on a region in western Europe (Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands). In this region, the mean CrIS NH3 total columns were up to a factor 2 higher than the simulated NH3 columns between 2014 and 2018, which, after assimilating the CrIS NH3 columns using the LETKF algorithm, led to an increase in the total NH3 emissions of up to approximately 30 %. Our results illustrate that CrIS NH3 observations can be used successfully to estimate spatially variable NH3 time factors and improve NH3 emission distributions temporally, especially in spring (March to May). Moreover, the use of the CrIS-based NH3 time factors resulted in an improved comparison with the onset and duration of the NH3 spring peak observed at observation sites at hourly resolution in the Netherlands. Assimilation of the CrIS NH3 columns with the LETKF algorithm is mainly advantageous for improving the spatial concentration distribution of the modeled NH3 fields. Compared to in situ observations, a combination of both methods led to the most significant improvements in modeled monthly NH3 surface concentration and NH4+ wet deposition fields, illustrating the usefulness of the CrIS NH3 products to improve the temporal representativity of the model and better constrain the budget in agricultural areas.
title: Early Fertility Decline in the United States: Tests of Alternative Hypotheses using New County-level and Individual-Level Census Data
Creators: name: Haines, Michael R.
name: Hacker, J. David
name: Jaremski, Matthew
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2020
Subjects: Fertility Decline
Life-Cycle Savings Model
IPUMS
Banking
United States

description: The U.S. fertility transition in the nineteenth century is unusual. Not only did it start from a very high fertility level and very early in the nation’s development, but it also took place long before the nation’s mortality transition, industrialization, and urbanization. This paper assembles new county-level, household-level, and individual-level data for census years 1800-1880 to evaluate different theories for the nineteenth-century American fertility transition. We construct county-level models of child-woman ratios in all census years and couple-level models of marital fertility in census years 1830-1880. We find evidence of marital fertility control consistent with hypotheses as early as 1835. The results indicate support for several different but complimentary theories of the early U.S. fertility decline, including the land availability, local labor market/child default, conventional structuralist, ideational, and life-cycle savings theories. We emphasize discussion of the life-cycle savings hypothesis, which has received limited empirical study to date.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
Combination of Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation with Selective Oxygenation of Organic Substrates using Manganese Borophosphates
Creators: name: Menezes, Prashanth W.
name: Walter, Carsten
name: Chakraborty, Biswarup
name: Hausmann, Jan Niklas
name: Zaharieva, Ivelina
name: Frick, Achidi
name: Hauff, Elizabeth Von
name: Dau, Holger
name: Driess, Matthias
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: active catalytic structures
subject: electrocatalytic water oxidation
subject: helical manganese borophosphates
subject: selective oxygenation
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: One of the key catalytic reactions for life on earth, the oxidation of water to molecular oxygen, occurs in the oxygen-evolving complex of the photosystem II (PSII) mediated by a manganese-containing cluster. Considerable efforts in this research area embrace the development of efficient artificial manganese-based catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Using artificial OER catalysts for selective oxygenation of organic substrates to produce value-added chemicals is a worthwhile objective. However, unsatisfying catalytic performance and poor stability have been a fundamental bottleneck in the field of artificial PSII analogs. Herein, for the first time, a manganese-based anode material is developed and paired up for combining electrocatalytic water oxidation and selective oxygenations of organics delivering the highest efficiency reported to date. This can be achieved by employing helical manganese borophosphates, representing a new class of materials. The uniquely high catalytic activity and durability (over 5 months) of the latter precursors in alkaline media are attributed to its unexpected surface transformation into an amorphous MnOx phase with a birnessite-like short-range order and surface-stabilized Mn-III sites under extended electrical bias, as unequivocally demonstrated by a combination of in situ Raman and quasi in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy as well as ex situ methods.
Simulation-Based Assessment of the Impact of Non-Adherence on Endoxifen Target Attainment in Different Tamoxifen Dosing Strategies
Creators: name: Mueller-Schoell, Anna
name: Klopp-Schulze, Lena
name: Michelet, Robin
name: Dyk, Madelé Van
name: Mürdter, Thomas E.
name: Schwab, Matthias
name: Joerger, Markus
name: Huisinga, Wilhelm
name: Mikus, Gerd
name: Kloft, Charlotte
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: tamoxifen
subject: non-adherence
subject: model-informed precision dosing
subject: pharmacokinetics
subject: pharmacometrics
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: Tamoxifen is widely used in breast cancer treatment and minimum steady-state concentrations of its active metabolite endoxifen (CSS,min ENDX) above 5.97 ng/mL have been associated with favourable disease outcome. Yet, about 20% of patients do not reach target CSS,min ENDX applying conventional tamoxifen dosing. Moreover, 4–75% of patients are non-adherent, resulting in worse disease outcomes. Assuming complete adherence, we previously showed model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) to be superior to conventional and CYP2D6-guided dosing in minimising the proportion of patients with subtarget CSS,min ENDX. Given the high non-adherence rate in long-term tamoxifen therapy, this study investigated the impact of non-adherence on CSS,min ENDX target attainment in different dosing strategies. We show that MIPD allows to account for the expected level of non-adherence (here: up to 2 missed doses/week): increasing the MIPD target threshold from 5.97 ng/mL to 9 ng/mL (the lowest reported CSS,min ENDX in CYP2D6 normal metabolisers) as a safeguard resulted in the lowest interindividual variability and proportion of patients with subtarget CSS,min ENDX even in non-adherent patients. This is a significant improvement to conventional and CYP2D6-guided dosing. Adding a fixed increment to the originally selected dose is not recommended, since it inflates interindividual variability.
Modeling of Nitric Oxide Infrared radiative flux in lower thermosphere: a machine learning perspective
Creators: name: Nailwal, Dayakrishna
name: Krishna, MV Sunil
name: Ranjan, Alok Kumar
name: Yue, Jia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nitric Oxide (NO) significantly impacts energy distribution and chemical processes in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). During geomagnetic storms, a substantial influx of energy in the thermosphere leads to an increase in NO infrared emissions. Accurately predicting the radiative flux of Nitric Oxide is crucial for understanding the thermospheric energy budget, particularly during extreme space weather events. With advancements in computational techniques, machine learning (ML) has become a highly effective tool for space weather forecasting. This effort becomes even more worthwhile considering the availability of two decades of continuous NO infrared emissions measurement by TIMED/SABER along with several other key thermospheric variables. We present the scheme of development of an ML-based predictive model for Nitric Oxide Infrared Radiative Flux (NOIRF). Various ML algorithms have been tested for better predictive ability, and an optimized model (NOEMLM) has been developed for the study of NOIRF. This model is able to extract the underlying relationships between the input features and effectively predict the NOIRF. The NOEMLM predictions have very good agreements with SABER observation during quiet time as well as geomagnetic storms. In comparison with the existing TIEGCM model, NOEMLM has very good performance, especially during extreme space weather conditions. The results of this study suggest that utilizing geomagnetic and space weather indices with ML/AI can serve as superior parameters for studying the upper atmosphere, as compared to focusing on specific species having complex chemical processes and associated uncertainties in constituents. ML techniques can effectively carry out the analysis with greater ease than traditional chemical studies.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Pharyngeal Pumping and Tissue-Specific Transgenic P-Glycoprotein Expression Influence Macrocyclic Lactone Susceptibility in Caenorhabditis elegans
Creators: name: Gerhard, Alexander P.
name: Krücken, Jürgen
name: Neveu, Cedric
name: Charvet, Claude L.
name: Harmache, Abdallah
name: Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg Von
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: macrocyclic lactones
subject: nematode
subject: parasitology
subject: P-glycoprotein
subject: drug resistance
subject: Caenorhabditis elegans
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: Macrocyclic lactones (MLs) are widely used drugs to treat and prevent parasitic nematode infections. In many nematode species including a major pathogen of foals, Parascaris univalens, resistance against MLs is widespread, but the underlying resistance mechanisms and ML penetration routes into nematodes remain unknown. Here, we examined how the P-glycoprotein efflux pumps, candidate genes for ML resistance, can modulate drug susceptibility and investigated the role of active drug ingestion for ML susceptibility in the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Wildtype or transgenic worms, modified to overexpress P. univalens PGP-9 (Pun-PGP-9) at the intestine or epidermis, were incubated with ivermectin or moxidectin in the presence (bacteria or serotonin) or absence (no specific stimulus) of pharyngeal pumping (PP). Active drug ingestion by PP was identified as an important factor for ivermectin susceptibility, while moxidectin susceptibility was only moderately affected. Intestinal Pun-PGP-9 expression elicited a protective effect against ivermectin and moxidectin only in the presence of PP stimulation. Conversely, epidermal Pun-PGP-9 expression protected against moxidectin regardless of PP and against ivermectin only in the absence of active drug ingestion. Our results demonstrate the role of active drug ingestion by nematodes for susceptibility and provide functional evidence for the contribution of P-glycoproteins to ML resistance in a tissue-specific manner.
Online Tree Reconstruction and Forest Inventory on a Mobile Robotic System
Creators: name: Freißmuth, Leonard
name: Mattamala, Matias
name: Chebrolu, Nived
name: Schaefer, Simon
name: Leutenegger, Stefan
name: Fallon, Maurice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is the standard technique used to create accurate point clouds for digital forest inventories. However, the measurement process is demanding, requiring up to two days per hectare for data collection, significant data storage, as well as resource-heavy post-processing of 3D data. In this work, we present a real-time mapping and analysis system that enables online generation of forest inventories using mobile laser scanners that can be mounted e.g. on mobile robots. Given incrementally created and locally accurate submaps-data payloads-our approach extracts tree candidates using a custom, Voronoi-inspired clustering algorithm. Tree candidates are reconstructed using an adapted Hough algorithm, which enables robust modeling of the tree stem. Further, we explicitly incorporate the incremental nature of the data collection by consistently updating the database using a pose graph LiDAR SLAM system. This enables us to refine our estimates of the tree traits if an area is revisited later during a mission. We demonstrate competitive accuracy to TLS or manual measurements using laser scanners that we mounted on backpacks or mobile robots operating in conifer, broad-leaf and mixed forests. Our results achieve RMSE of 1.93 cm, a bias of 0.65 cm and a standard deviation of 1.81 cm (averaged across these sequences)-with no post-processing required after the mission is complete.
title: Analyzing the Demographic, Spatial, and Temporal Factors Influencing Social Contact Patterns in the U.S. and Implications for Infectious Disease Spread
Creators: name: Dorelien, Audrey
name: Ramen, Aparna
name: Swanson, Isabella
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2020
Subjects: social contacts
age-contact matrices
age pattern of contacts
infectious disease
ATUS
COVID-19

description: We know diseases such as the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) are spread through social contact. Moreover, interventions to control social contacts such as stay-home orders are required to stop disease spread in pandemics for which vaccines have not yet been developed. However, existing data on social contact patterns in the United States (U.S.) is limited. Method: Consequently, we use American Time Use Survey data from 2003-2018 to describe and quantify the number and duration of social contacts occurring at home and in non-household locations. For household locations we also estimate age contact matrices (who spends time with whom by age). This is the first study to describe variation in U.S. social contact patterns across space, time, and based on demographic characteristics. Findings: We find that gender differences in social contact patterns exist. In the home, they appear to be driven by caretaking responsibilities. Non-Hispanic Blacks have a shorter duration and fewer social contacts than non-Hispanic Whites. However, they are more likely to work in jobs that require close physical proximity, therefore the nature of their contacts is riskier. Hispanics have the highest number of household contacts and are also more likely to work in jobs requiring close physical proximity compared to non-Hispanic whites. Seasonal differences in contact patterns are not large; they appear to be driven by the school term and therefore are chiefly present in school-aged respondents. Consequently, if the main mechanism driving infectious disease seasonality is seasonality in contact patterns, then we should not expect to see large seasonal differences in disease incidence when the young are not very susceptible or infectious. Spatial differences in contact patterns are small. Conclusion: In addition to age, demographic characteristics, particularly race and ethnicity and gender, are associated with differences in social contact patterns. In contrast, seasonal differences seem to be associated with school participation and therefore less consequential for older respondents.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
title: A history of Addis Ababa from its foundation in 1886 to 1910.
Creators: name: Phillips Garretson, Peter
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1974

description: This thesis traces aspects of the political, economic and religious history of Addis Ababa from 1886 to 1910. It is based largely on documentary material, both Ethiopian and European, but also depends on oral information. As a city it was unique in Africa because of the absence of an imposed European direction of its development and as a result it grew ad hoc, influenced by both Ethiopian and foreign concepts of an urban community. From the beginnings Emperor Menilek completely dominated the political and administrative machinery of the capital, but during his illnesses many of his responsibilities were, perforce, delegated to his closest associates who exercised their powers largely through the organisation of the Imperial Palace. The bureaucracy became increasingly civilian in its personnel, rather than military, especially after the Battle of Adwa. Furthermore, since Addis Ababa was also the capital of the empire, the city and its administrators played not only a local but also an imperial role. The economic influence of the capital was even more pronounced, where again the Emperor was more important than any other individual in the land and under his watchful eye foreigners dominated the import and export trade, while Christians wrested the overall control of trade in the Empire from the Muslims. Yet evangelically, the church was rarely very energetic in the capital although its influence was pervasive. While many historians have seen Menilek's reign as a period of significant innovation and modernisation, this thesis regards that as an exaggerated claim. For, when closely examined, the modernisation of even the capital was never very impressive, although it was the acknowledged centre of foreign influence. Nonetheless, the capital did show itself to be the main point for the diffusion of the few modernisations that were introduced into the country from the 1880s to 1910.
title: How do Populations Aggregate?
Creators: name: Feehan, Dennis
name: Wrigley-Field, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2020
Subjects: COVID-19
excess mortality
racial disparities

description: BACKGROUND: Understanding the relationship between populations at different scales plays an important role in many demographic analyses. OBJECTIVE: We show that when a population can be partitioned into subgroups, the death rate for the entire population can be written as the weighted harmonic mean of the death rates in each subgroup, where the weights are given by the numbers of deaths in each subgroup. This decomposition can be generalized to other types of occurrence-exposure rate. Using different weights, the death rate for the entire population can also be expressed as an arithmetic mean of the death rates in each subgroup. CONTRIBUTION: We use these relationships as a starting point for investigating how demographers can correctly aggregate rates across non-overlapping subgroups. Our analysis reveals conceptual links between classic demographic models and length-biased sampling. To illustrate how the harmonic mean can suggest new interpretations of demographic relationships, we present as an application a new expression for the frailty of the dying, given a standard demographic frailty model.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
Adaptation and validation of a German version of the Strengths Use and Deficit Correction (SUDCO) questionnaire
Creators: name: Lorenz, Timo
name: Heinitz, Kathrin
name: Beer, Clemens
name: Woerkom, Marianne Van
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: perceived organizational support
subject: cross-cultural adaptation
subject: positive psychology
subject: method variance
subject: job
subject: engagement
subject: work
subject: character
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: The Strength Use and Deficit Correction (SUDCO) Questionnaire has been shown to be a reliable instrument for the measurement of its four dimensions perceived organizational support for strengths use, perceived organizational support for deficit correction, strengths use behavior, and deficit correction behavior in the context of organizations. This paper aims to adapt and validate the SUDCO for the German-speaking population (SUDCO-G). Three studies were conducted. Confirmatory factor analyses and correlations with other psychological constructs on the data of three German samples (N-1 = 302; N-2 = 243, N-3 = 295) were performed. The twenty-four item SUDCO-G exhibits the anticipated factorial structure with four factors and an acceptable model fit in all three studies (CFI = .920-.937, TLI = .911-.929, RMSEA = .063-.079, SRMR = 0.52-.075). The associations of the four dimensions to other constructs concur with previous findings (study 2) and the subscales of the SUDCO-G also show positive relations with general strengths use, meaning of work and Psychological Capital (study 3). We conclude that the SUDCO-G is a reliable and valid instrument for the use in the German-speaking population.