Chamus Distant 1904
Creators: name: Namyatova, Anna A.
name: Cassis, Gerasimos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Miridae
Chamus

description: CHAMUS DISTANT   
Figures 6, 10C, K, 11A, 14T –AE, 18K–O, 22  
 Chamus Distant, 1904a: 197 (gen. nov.; type species: Chamus wealei Distant, 1904 by monotypy); Kirkaldy, 1906: 134 (cat.); Reuter, 1910: 152 (cat.); Reuter and Poppius, 1911: 413 (descr.); Poppius, 1912: 176, 192, 193 (key to gen., descr., key to spp.); Bergroth, 1922: 57 (cat.); China, 1944: 174 (key to gen.); Carvalho, 1952: 60 (cat.); Carvalho, 1955: 41 (key to gen.); Carvalho, 1957: 144 (cat.); Odhiambo, 1962: 271, 272, 274 (disc., descr., key to spp.); Schuh, 1995: 527 (cat.); Schuh, 2002 – 2013 (cat.).   
 Chamopsis Reuter and Poppius, 1911: 415 (gen. nov.; type species: Chamopsis conradti Reuter & Poppius, 1911 by monotypy); Poppius, 1912: 176, 195 (key to gen., descr.); Bergroth, 1922: 57 (cat.); China, 1944: 174 (key to gen.); Carvalho, 1952: 60 (cat.); Carvalho, 1955: 40 (key to gen.); Carvalho, 1957: 144 (cat.); Odhiambo, 1962: 271, 282 (disc., descr.); Schuh, 1995: 527 (cat.); Schuh, 2002 –2013 (cat.); Namyatova et al., in press (phylogeny), syn. nov., this work.   
 Parachamus Schouteden, 1946: 282 (gen. nov.; type species Parachamus bellus Distant, 1918 by monotypy); Villiers, 1952: 187 (descr.); Carvalho, 1952: 60 (cat.); Carvalho, 1955: 40 (key to gen.); Carvalho, 1957: 147 (cat.); Odhiambo, 1962: 271, 285 (disc., descr.); Schuh, 1995: 530 (cat.); Schuh, 2002 –2013 (cat.), syn. nov., this work.   
 Diagnosis: Chamus is diagnosed by a number of unique characters, including: three frontal spines (Fig. 10K, fig. 4B in Namyatova et al., in press), presence of long flattened setae on ASI, presence of wrinkles on lateral side of head (fig. 6B in Namyatova et al., in press), and R + M very short, not reaching middle of corium. It can also be separated by: row of punctures on R + M and clavus present (as in fig. 12C, D in Namyatova et al., in press), distance between antennal fossa longer than antennal fossa diameter; calli separated (fig. 4B in Namyatova et al., in press), hemelytra widened posteriorly, membrane cell forming right angle (as in fig. 13B in Namyatova et al., in press), endosoma with semicircular or semioval spicule apically (Fig. 14T, X, AB).   
 Description: Male: Length 5–7.5 mm. COLORATION (Fig. 6). Ground colour varying from yellow to dark brown to black, appendages whitish yellow to yellow, sometimes with reddish tinge or pale brown areas; hemelytron often whitish yellow to yellow, transparent, with pale brown to dark brown markings, including large marking on posterior margin of corium, sometimes hemelytron mostly reddish or pale brown, not transparent. TEXTURE. Body mostly impunctate, only pair of punctures between mesoscutum and scutellum, striations on lateral margin of scutellum, and rows on punctures on clavus and on R + M present (as in Fig. 11C, D in Namyatova et al., in press); head dorsally smooth or rugose, with wrinkles laterally (fig. 6B in Namyatova et al., in press); vertex with pair of tubercles anteriorly on depression delimiting neck and single depression between eyes; tubercles on ASI absent or present; semicircular depression between scutellum and mesoscutum present (Fig. 11A); pronotum impunctate, often with small tubercles (fig. 4B in Namyatova et al., in press), sometimes mostly smooth with tubercles only laterally; scutellum often with wrinkles and tubercles, rarely smooth (Fig. 11A); hemelytron often with tubercles at base of setae, sometimes smooth. VESTITURE. Dorsum, ASII–IV, legs and abdomen clothed with pale or dark long erect setae often longer than tibia width, sometimes those setae spine-like; legs regularly setose; hemelytra also with short flattened setae, sometimes only basally; pleura clothed with pale short simple setae; ASI clothed with dense long flattened setae; spinules on femora absent; spinules on tibia in rows (as in fig. 18D in Namyatova et al., in press). STRUCTURE. Head. Distance between eye and pronotum subequal or slightly longer then eye diameter (fig. 4B in Namyatova et al., in press); depression delimiting occipital region indistinct or rarely distinct; longitu- dinal depression on vertex present, short; eye often not stylate, sometimes substylate, not embedded into head (Fig. 10K, fig. 4B in Namyatova et al., in press), c. 0.2– 0.25× as wide as head; distance between antennal fossa almost as long as or slightly longer than antennal fossa diameter; frons straight or concave, with three distinct outgrowths (Fig. 10K, fig. 4B in Namyatova et al., in press), sometimes middle outgrowth shorter than lateral; anterior view head c. 1.4–1.6× as wide as high (Fig. 10K); eye as long as or slightly longer than distance from eye to apex of clypeus; antennal fossa round, its diameter subequal to or slightly shorter than half of eye height (Fig. 10K), distinctly tuberculate (fig. 6B in Namyatova et al., in press), its inferior margin placed slightly above to or on the same level with inferior half of eye; base of clypeus placed on the same level with inferior margin of antennal fossa, delimited with depression; in lateral view head often almost flat, rarely convex dorsally; gula c. 1.5–2× as long as buccula. Labium. Length varying from slightly surpassing anterior margin of mesosternum to reaching middle of metasternum; LSI–II twice as long as wide, almost subequal in length; LSIII c. 1.5–2× as long as wide, slightly shorter than LSII, LSIV c. 3–5× as long as wide, c. 1.5–2× as long as LSIII. Antenna. Almost reaching apex of cuneus; ASI as long as, slightly longer or slightly shorter than head width, widened medially; ASII c. 1.6–2.0× as long as ASI, as long as or slightly longer than head and pronotum combined; ASIII c. 0.6– 0.7× as long as ASII, ASIV c. 0.4–0.7× as long as ASIII; ASII–IV filiform. Thorax. Collar distinct, fused with calli, flat (fig. 4B in Namyatova et al., in press); calli distinctly separated, rounded, depression delimiting calli posteriorly indistinct distinct only laterally (fig. 4B in Namyatova et al., in press); humeral angles of pronotum rounded, not dilated (fig. 4B in Namyatova et al., in press), posterior part of pronotum sometimes with two protuberances (Fig. 10C); posterior margin of pronotum straight or sinuate (fig. 4B in Namyatova et al., in press); scutellum almost flat or slightly swollen anteriorly, without outgrowth, with wide medial depression, without ridge (Fig. 11A); metepimeron more or less enlarged, c. 2–3× as high as long, more or less angulate and subtriangular (as in Fig. 13C); metasternum extending to abdominal segment II in triangular outgrowth (fig. 17A in Namyatova et al., in press). Hemelytron. Costal margins convex; hemelytra broadened posteriorly; claval commissure c. 1.6–2× as long as scutellum, straight (as in fig. 11C in Namyatova et al., in press); R + M shortened, not reaching posterior margin of corium; medial fracture inclined towards midline; posterior margin of corium slightly or moderately raised, but without swelling; cuneus c. 1–1.8× as long as wide, as long as, shorter or slightly longer than pronotum, medial margin almost straight; membrane cell slightly to distinctly surpassing apex of cuneus, forming almost right angle (as in fig. 13B in Namyatova et al., in press), as long as or longer than pronotum; auxiliary vein absent; distance from cell to apex of membrane 0.5–0.6× as long as cell length. Legs. Forecoxae contiguous (as in fig. 17A in Namyatova et al., in press); femora only indistinctly swollen apically, straight; foretibia shorter than head and pronotum combined; swellings on tibiae absent; segment I of hind tarsus subequal to or slightly longer than segment II, subequal to or slightly shorter than segment III; claw with apical half or third part curved; basal tooth on claw 2–3× as long as wide, concave or almost straight (Fig. 13J). Genitalia (Fig. 14, T-AE). Genital capsule at least slightly longer than wide, without outgrowth(s), its ventral wall not shortened anteriorly; left paramere c. 3.5–5× as long as right paramere, shape varying from almost straight to distinctly curved; sclerite around primary gonopore bowl-shaped, with short or long outgrowths, supporting ductus seminis; ductus seminis not sclerotized basally or apically, distinctly shorter than phallotheca length, without coils, attached to phallobase medially; sclerotized part of phallotheca broad, occupying entire dorsal part, rounded apically, without outgrowths or ridges; endosoma with oval or semioval dentate sclerite apically, and sometimes also with large field of small spicules.   
 Female: Length 5.5–8.5 mm. Similar to male, generally only slightly larger than males (Fig. 6). Genitalia (Fig. 18K–O). DLP often without sclerotized bands, sometimes with single band, with many striations, without sclerotizations; lateral oviducts placed in posterior half of DLP or at midpoint, equidistant between them and lateral margins of DLP; spermathecal gland often placed in posterior part of DLP, sometimes almost at midpoint; posterior wall of bursa copulatrix with small tubercles, without any sclerotizations; base of second valvula slightly concave; ventral wall membranous.   
 Distribution: Broadly distributed in central and southern Africa (Fig. 22).   
 Host plants: Chamus species are known from noncrop plants, such as Alchornea sp. (Euphorbiaceae), Tetracera potatoria (Dilleniaceae), Erythrina sp. (Fabaceae) (Odhiambo, 1962) and Combretum spp. (China, 1944; Odhiambo, 1962). Chamus tuberculatus was collected from guava (Odhiambo, 1962).
description: Published as part of Namyatova, Anna A. & Cassis, Gerasimos, 2016, Systematic revision and phylogeny of the plant bug tribe Monaloniini (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae) of the world, pp. 36-136 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (1) on pages 88-90, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12311, http://zenodo.org/record/5356719