Crocidura monticola Peters 1870
Creators: name: Mittermeier, Russell A.
name: Wilson, Don E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Soricomorpha
Soricidae
Crocidura
Crocidura monticola

description: 264. Sunda White-toothed Shrew <i>Crocidura monticola</i> <b>French:</b> Crocidure du Sunda / <b>German:</b> Sunda-WeiRzahnspitzmaus / <b>Spanish:</b> Musarana de Sonda <b>Other common names:</b> Javan \White-toothed Shrew, Sunda Shrew <b>Taxonomy.</b> Crocidura (Crocidura) monticola Peters, 1870, “ Walde des Berges Lawu bei Surakarta aufJava [= forest of Mount Lawu at Surakarta on Java],” Indonesia. Includes bartelsii and minuta as synonyms. Taxonomy still debated and much confusion reigned about which other small Sunda Crocidura should be included or associated with C. monticola. Sometimes associated with C. maxi, but molecular data show that they are not closely related and differ by at least 15% sequence divergence at the cytochrome-b gene, which is largely above usual values of interspecific divergence in mammals. Formerly treated as a widespread species across Sundaland, but similar small-bodied Crocidura from Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, and Sumatra are now treated as distinct species related to C. neglecta. The most recent revision, which is based on new material collected from close to the type locality and a broad sample of other small-bodied shrews, showed that the species is strictly endemic to Java. Extensive mitochondrial and nuclear data, place it phylogenetically closest to C. a A Sa distance about 4%), which occurs syntopically with this species on Mount Gede, with little evidence of interbreeding. Monotypic. <b>Distribution.</b> Endemic to Java. <b>Descriptive notes.</b> Head-body 53-70 mm, tail 35-59 mm, ear 4-5 mm, hindfoot 10-13 mm; weight 3-4-6-3 g. The Sunda White-toothed Shrew is the smallest Crocidura from Sundaland, comparable in size only with the Sulawesi Tiny Whitetoothed Shrew (C. levicula) of Sulawesi. Dorsal pelage relatively short (less than 3:5 mm) and gray-brown, but pelage much paler on venter, with whitish tips to the hairs. Ears and feet gray-brown. Tail slightly shorter than head-body length, covered with short applied hairs hiding the scales, and with long, translucent bristles along half of its length. The slightly larger Javan Ghost White-toothed Shrew (C. umbra) and with other small white-toothed shrews, have much more hairytails, and have browner pelage. Skull smaller (length less than 17-5 mm) with relatively narrower braincase (less than 8 mm) and rostrum (greater than 2:2 mm) than any other Javan shrew. <b>Habitat.</b> Found in primary and secondary montane forests throughout the island, where pitfall trapping indicates that it can be relatively common. Altitudinal range 1055-2044 m. Records from loweraltitudes require confirmation due to potential confusion with the Javan White-toothed Shrew. <b>Food and Feeding.</b> The Sunda White-toothed Shrew feeds on invertebrates but no precise data are available. <b>Breeding.</b> No information. <b>Activity patterns.</b> No information. <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> No precise data available for the species. In the montane forests of Mount Gede (W Java), occurs sympatrically with at least four other shrews: the larger Oriental White-toothed Shrew (C. orientalis), the Javan Long-tailed White-toothed Shrew (C. abscondita), the Thick-tailed White-toothed Shrew (C. brunnea), and the Javan Ghost White-toothed Shrew. The Sunda Whitetoothed Shrew and the Javan Ghost White-toothed Shrew are apparently segregated on altitude along the slopes of Mount Gede, with an overlap at ¢.1600 m; the Sunda White-toothed Shrew is found mostly below this elevation. In EastJava,it also co-occurs with another slightly larger species, the Javan White-toothed Shrew, on the slopes of Mount [jen. Apart from shrews, other insectivores caught in the same habitats include the Short-tailed Gymnure (Hylomys suillus). <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List in view ofits occurrence in primary and secondary montane forests, but since (following taxonomic change) it is now restricted to Java, a heavily populated island with few remnants of intact habitat, its status may require reassessment. Mountain ranges in W Java where it occurs relatively commonly are well protected (e.g. Gede—Pangrango National Park or Mount Halimun Salak National Park), but favorable habitats in East Java (e.g. Mount [jen volcano) offer less protection. <b>Bibliography.</b> Chiozza (2016b), Davison et al. (1982), Demos, Achmadi, Giarla et al. (2016), Demos, Achmadi, Handika et al. (2017), Jenkins (1982), Hutterer (2005b), Omar et al. (2013), Peters (1870), Ruedi (1995).
description: Published as part of <i>Russell A. Mittermeier &amp; Don E. Wilson, 2018, Soricidae, pp. 332-551 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on pages 487-488, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6870843