cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Self-dual quasiperiodic percolation
Creators: name: Sommers, Grace M.
name: Gullans, Michael J.
name: Huse, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: How does the percolation transition behave in the absence of quenched randomness? To address this question, we study two nonrandom self-dual quasiperiodic models of square-lattice bond percolation. In both models, the critical point has emergent discrete scale invariance, but none of the additional emergent conformal symmetry of critical random percolation. From the discrete sequences of critical clusters, we find fractal dimensions of $D_f=1.911943(1)$ and $D_f=1.707234(40)$ for the two models, significantly different from $D_f=91/48=1.89583...$ of random percolation. The critical exponents $ν$, determined through a numerical study of cluster sizes and wrapping probabilities on a torus, are also well below the $ν=4/3$ of random percolation. While these new models do not appear to belong to a universality class, they demonstrate how the removal of randomness can fundamentally change the critical behavior.
description: 17 pages (17 figures) + 3 appendices (6 figures, 3 tables). v3 revisions: integrated supplement into main text; added analysis of a second quasiperiodic model, determination of fractal dimension of hulls, and investigation of universality; revised estimates of $D_f$ and $\nu$ for original model using nominally infinite methods; removed discussion of energy correlator and red bonds
Erfolgsfaktor Payment - Der Einfluss der Zahlungsverfahren auf Ihren Umsatz
Creators: name: Stahl, Ernst
name: Breitschaft, Markus
name: Krabichler, Thomas
name: Wittmann, Georg
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Webshop; Optimierung; Zahlungsverfahren; E-Commerce; Leitfaden
subject: 000 Allgemeines, Wissenschaft

description: Haben Sie sich auch schon gefragt, wie viele Kunden in Webshops den Kaufvorgang abbrechen, weil sie nicht die richtigen Zahlungsverfahren angeboten bekommen? Aber welche Kombination von Bezahlverfahren verspricht insgesamt den größten Erfolg? Diesen Fragen ist ibi research an der Universität Regensburg zusammen mit dem Partnerkonsortium des E-Commerce-Leitfadens auf den Grund gegangen. Mehr als 1.300 Endkunden haben sich an der Umfrage beteiligt. Ihnen wurden verschiedene realitätsnahe Situationen geschildert, die beim Einkaufen im Internet denkbar wären (z.B. Jeanskauf, Reisebuchung). Dabei hatten die Teilnehmer jeweils die Möglichkeit, aus unterschiedlichen angebotenen Zahlungsverfahren das bevorzugte Verfahren zu wählen bzw. den Webshop zu verlassen und nach einem anderen Anbieter zu suchen. Neben den Präferenzen der potenziellen Kunden für unterschiedliche Zahlungsverfahren sowie den Auswirkungen des Zahlungsverfahrens-Angebots auf die Kaufabbruchquote wurden auch die Einflüsse von Rabatten, Gütesiegeln und soziodemographischen Faktoren untersucht. Hier einige ausgewählte Ergebnisse: * 56% der Teilnehmer haben schon einmal schlechte Erfahrungen beim Online-Shopping gemacht. * Wenn nur die Zahlung per Vorkasse angeboten wird, suchen 79% der Kunden nach einem anderen Anbieter. * Wenn der Anbieter über ein Gütesiegel verfügt, sinkt die Kaufabbruchquote im Schnitt um ein Drittel. * Ein Rabatt von 3% steigert den Anteil der Vorkasse-Zahlungen deutlich. * Mit der Kreditkarte zahlen vor allem 26- bis 45-jährige, gut verdienende Männer.
A partial differential equation for pseudocontact shift
Creators: name: Charnock, G. T. P.
name: Kuprov, Ilya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is demonstrated that pseudocontact shift (PCS), viewed as a scalar or a tensor field in three dimensions, obeys an elliptic partial differential equation with a source term that depends on the Hessian of the unpaired electron probability density. The equation enables straightforward PCS prediction as well as analysis of experimental PCS data in systems with multiple and / or distributed unpaired electron centres.
description: Submitted for publication
Modular architectures to deterministically generate graph states
Creators: name: Shapourian, Hassan
name: Shabani, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graph states are a family of stabilizer states which can be tailored towards various applications in photonic quantum computing and quantum communication. In this paper, we present a modular design based on quantum dot emitters coupled to a waveguide and optical fiber delay lines to deterministically generate N-dimensional cluster states and other useful graph states such as tree states and repeater states. Unlike previous proposals, our design requires no two-qubit gates on quantum dots and at most one optical switch, thereby, minimizing challenges usually posed by these requirements. Furthermore, we discuss the error model for our design and demonstrate a fault-tolerant quantum memory with an error threshold of 0.53% in the case of a 3d graph state on a Raussendorf-Harrington-Goyal (RHG) lattice. We also provide a fundamental upper bound on the correctable loss in the fault-tolerant RHG state based on the percolation theory, which is 1.24 dB or 0.24 dB depending on whether the state is directly generated or obtained from a simple cubic cluster state, respectively.
description: 22 pages, 16 figures, 3 appendices
Topological invariants, surface states, and interaction-driven phase transitions in correlated Kondo insulators with cubic symmetry
Creators: name: Legner, Markus
name: Rüegg, Andreas
name: Sigrist, Manfred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a lattice model for a cubic Kondo insulator consisting of one spin-degenerate $d$ and $f$ orbital at each lattice site. The odd-parity hybridization between the two orbitals permits us to obtain various trivial and topological insulating phases, which we classify in the presence of cubic symmetry. In particular, depending on the choice of our model parameters, we find a strong topological insulator phase with a band inversion at the $\mathrm{X}$ point, modeling the situation potentially realized in SmB$_6$, and a topological crystalline insulator phase with trivial $\mathbb{Z}_2$ indices but nonvanishing mirror Chern numbers. Using the Kotliar-Ruckenstein slave-boson scheme, we further demonstrate how increasing interactions among $f$ electrons can lead to topological phase transitions. Remarkably, for fixed band parameters, the $f$-orbital occupation number at the topological transitions is essentially independent of the interaction strength, thus yielding a robust criterion to discriminate between different phases.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures
La pointe électrique dans la stratégie énergie-climat
Anticiper pour maîtriser
Creators: name: Hauet, Jean-Pierre
name: Beeker, Etienne
Publisher: name: SEE
Year: 2019

description: La stratégie française pour l’énergie et le climat retient un objectif très ambitieux de neutralité carbone à horizon 2050. L’atteinte d’un tel objectif suppose un effort considérable d’efficacité énergétique, dans les bâtiments notamment, et un appel quasi-exclusif aux énergies décarbonées en 2050. Dans cette optique l’électricité est appelée à jouer un rôle très important et sa part dans le bilan des consommations finales d’énergie devrait doubler entre 2017 et 2050, passant de 26 % à 53 %. Les documents officiels de programmation raisonnent en énergie, c’est-à-dire en kWh. Cependant la question se pose de savoir si la politique d’électrification croissante des usages ne serait pas de nature à entraîner une augmentation excessive de la puissance appelée sur les réseaux en période de pointe électrique. L’article présente les résultats d’une étude effectuée dans le cadre de l’association Equilibre des Energies, d’où il ressort que cet appel de puissance devrait, si toutes les hypothèses de la stratégie énergie-climat sont satisfaites, être stabilisé au niveau actuel d’environ 95 GW. Le parc de production prévisionnel, selon les hypothèses et la méthodologie de RTE, est normalement capable d’assurer le passage des périodes de pointe de consommation jusqu’en 2030. Cependant des risques de déviation importante existent qui pourraient conduire, en hypothèse pessimiste, à un supplément de puissance appelée de plus de 20 GW en 2050. L’évolution du parc de production, telle qu’elle est au-jourd’hui prévue, conduit de son côté à une perspective de diminution des quantités certifiées qui pourrait atteindre 7 GW en 2035. Les éléments ne sont pas réunis pour faire des prévisions au-delà mais il apparaît que la robustesse du réseau électrique dépendra essentiellement de la possibilité de renforcer à la hauteur voulue le parc de production d’origine renouvelable. Dans ces conditions, l’étude conclut à l’opportunité de développer massivement, dès à présent, toutes les flexibilités qu’offre l’association du numérique et de l’électrique, tout particulièrement dans les domaines de la gestion active de l’énergie, dans les bâtiments notamment, et du pilotage intelligent de la recharge des véhicules électriques, y compris en mode bidirectionnel (V2G).
Additional file 1 of Doppler study of portal vein and renal venous velocity predict the appropriate fluid response to diuretic in ICU: a prospective observational echocardiographic evaluation
Creators: name: Guinot, Pierre-Grégoire
name: Bahr, Pierre-Alain
name: Andrei, Stefan
name: Popescu, Bogdan A.
name: Caruso, Vincenza
name: Mertes, Paul-Michel
name: Berthoud, Vivien
name: Nguyen, Maxime
name: Bouhemad, Belaid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Hemodynamic and echocardiographic measurements according to congestive response to diuretic treatment (Appropriate fluid depletion vs Control). $p < 0.05 comparison between two groups of patient. *p < 0.05 comparison with baseline.
Evidencing non-Bloch dynamics in temporal topolectrical circuits
Creators: name: Wu, Maopeng
name: Zhao, Qian
name: Kang, Lei
name: Weng, Mingze
name: Chi, Zhonghai
name: Peng, Ruiguang
name: Liu, Jingquan
name: Werner, Douglas H.
name: Meng, Yonggang
name: Zhou, Ji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the core concepts from the non-Hermitian skin effect is the extended complex wavevectors (CW) in the generalized Brillouin zone (GBZ), while the origin of CW remains elusive, and further experimental demonstration of GBZ is still lacking. We show that the bulk states of an open quantum system dynamically governed by the Lindblad master equation exhibit non-Bloch evolution which results in CW. Experimentally, we present temporal topolectrical circuits to serve as simulators for the dynamics of an open system. By reconstructing the correspondence between the bulk states of an open system and circuit voltage modes through gauge scale potentials in the circuit, the non-Bloch evolution is demonstrated. Facilitated by the simulators and proper approach to characterize the non-Bloch band proposed here, the GBZ is confirmed. Our work may advance the investigation of the dissipative topological modes and provide a versatile platform for exploring the unique evolution and topology for both closed and open systems.
description: 5 figures
Collider Signatures of a Scalar Leptoquark and Vector-like Lepton in Light of Muon Anomaly
Creators: name: Ghosh, Nivedita
name: Rai, Santosh Kumar
name: Samui, Tousik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite the immense success of the Standard Model, the hunt for physics beyond the Standard Model has continued. Extension of the SM gauge group or the particle content of the SM remains a viable solution to many observed anomalies, such as the anomalous magnetic moment of muon, flavor violation, dark matter, etc. In this work, we consider a BSM model which includes a leptoquark, a vector-like lepton, and a real scalar singlet. The model accounts for a dark matter candidate through a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry in addition to predicting the muon $(g-2)$ in agreement with the experimental measurement. We also show that the experimental measurements of the lepton flavor violation are satisfied in a wide range of parameter space. The viable parameter space of the model is used to study the collider signatures arising from the pair production of the leptoquark in the $2μ+2b+MET$ channel at the 14 TeV LHC run.
description: 27 pages, 4 figures, and 4 tables. Version accepted for publication in Physical Review D journal
Social imitation vs strategic choice, or consensus vs cooperation in the networked Prisoner's Dilemma
Creators: name: Vilone, Daniele
name: Ramasco, Jose J.
name: Sánchez, Angel
name: Miguel, Maxi San
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay of social and strategic motivations in human interactions is a largely unexplored question in collective social phenomena. Whether individuals' decisions are taken in a pure strategic basis or due to social pressure without a rational background crucially influences the model outcome. Here we study a networked Prisoner's Dilemma in which decisions are made either based on the replication of the most successful neighbor's strategy (unconditional imitation) or by pure social imitation following an update rule inspired by the voter model. The main effects of the voter dynamics are an enhancement of the final consensus, i.e., asymptotic states are generally uniform, and a promotion of cooperation in certain regions of the parameter space as compared to the outcome of purely strategic updates. Thus, voter dynamics acts as an interface noise and has a similar effect to a pure random noise; furthermore, its influence is mostly independent of the network heterogeneity. When strategic decisions are made following other update rules such as the replicator or Moran processes, the dynamic mixed state found under unconditional imitation for some parameters disappears, but an increase of cooperation in certain parameter regions is still observed. Comparing our results with recent experiments on the Prisoner's Dilemma, we conclude that such a mixed dynamics may explain moody conditional cooperation among the agents.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures. In press for Physical Review E
Additional file 1 of Does United Kingdom parliamentary attention follow social media posts?
Creators: name: Bollenbacher, John
name: Loynes, Niklas
name: Bryden, John
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary information (PDF 53 kB)
A saddle-point finder and its application to the spin foam model
Creators: name: Huang, Zichang
name: Huang, Shan
name: Wan, Yidun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a saddle-point finder that can find the complex saddle points for any analytically continued action. We showcase our saddle-point finder by two examples in the EPRL spin foam model: the single vertex case and the case of triangulation $Δ_3$. In both cases, the complex saddle points are found, and each saddle point's contribution to the partition function is estimated. We also discuss the geometrical interpretation of each saddle point.
description: 27 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Clinical prediction models assessing response to radiotherapy for rectal cancer: protocol for a systematic review
Creators: name: Karageorgou, Margarita
name: Hughes, David M.
name: Myint, Arthur Sun
name: Pritchard, D. Mark
name: Bonnett, Laura J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Full search strategy tables.
Mathematical Modeling of Microscale Biology: Ion Pairing, Dielectric Decrement, and Born Energy in Glycosaminoglycan Brushes
Creators: name: Ceely, William
name: Chugunova, Marina
name: Nadim, Ali
name: Sterling, James D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Biological macromolecules including nucleic acids, proteins, and glycosaminoglycans are typically anionic and can span domains of up to hundreds of nanometers and even micron length scales. The structures exist in crowded environments that are dominated by weak multivalent electrostatic interactions that can be modeled using mean field continuum approaches that represent underlying molecular nanoscale biophysics. We develop such models for glycosaminoglycan brushes using both steady state modified Poisson-Boltzmann models and transient Poisson-Nernst-Planck models that incorporate important ion-specific (Hofmeister) effects. The results quantify how electroneutrality is attained through ion electrophoresis, dielectric decrement hydration forces, and ion-specific pairing. Brush-Salt interfacial profiles of the electrostatic potential as well as bound and unbound ions are characterized for imposed jump conditions across the interface. The models should be applicable to many intrinsically-disordered biophysical environments and are anticipated to provide insight into the design and development of therapeutics and drug-delivery vehicles to improve human health.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures (from 20 separate image files). Submitted to Physical Review E
1D-1D Coulomb Drag Signature of a Luttinger Liquid
Creators: name: Laroche, D.
name: Gervais, G.
name: Lilly, M. P.
name: Reno, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report Coulomb drag measurements between vertically-integrated quantum wires separated by a barrier only 15 nm wide. The temperature dependence of the drag resistance is measured in the true one-dimensional (1D) regime where both wires have less than one 1D subband occupied. As a function of temperature, an upturn in the drag resistance is observed in three distinct devices at a temperature $T^* \sim 1.6$ K. This crossover in Coulomb drag behaviour is consistent with Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid models for the 1D-1D drag between quantum wires.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
Emergence of steady currents due to strong prethermalization
Creators: name: Xu, Xiansong
name: Guo, Chu
name: Poletti, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A steady current between baths is a manifestation of the prethermalization phenomenon, a quasi-equilibrium dynamical process with weak conserved quantity breaking. We consider two finite nonintegrable many-body baths each following the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, and each prepared in a random product state with fixed and different energy constraints, i.e., within the mean energy ensemble. Such an initialization, not being constrained to superpositions or mixtures of many-body eigenstates, opens the door to experimental realization and also significantly simplifies numerical simulations. We show that such dynamical process is typical as the current variance decreases exponentially with respect to the size of baths. We also demonstrate that the emerging current is prethermalized in a strong sense, analogously to strong thermalization, meaning that the current values stay close to the microcanonical one for most of the time.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
The novel p.Ser263Phe mutation in the human high-affinity choline transporter 1 (CHT1/ SLC5A7) causes a lethal form of fetal akinesia syndrome
Creators: Banerjee, M
Arutyunov, D
Brandwein, D
Janetzki-Flatt, C
Kolski, H
Hume, S
Leonard, NJ
Watt, J
Lacson, A
Baradi, M
Leslie, EM
Cordat, E
Caluseriu, O
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2019

A subset of a larger and heterogeneous class of disorders, the congenital myasthenic syndromes

(CMS) are caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding proteins that support the integrity

and function of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). A central component of the NMJ is the sodiumdependent

high-affinity choline transporter 1 (CHT1), a solute carrier protein (gene symbol

SLC5A7), responsible for the reuptake of choline into the nerve termini has recently been

implicated as one of several autosomal recessive causes of CMS. We report the identification

and functional characterization of a novel pathogenic variant in SLC5A7, c.788C>T

(p.Ser263Phe) in an El Salvadorian family with a lethal form of congenital myasthenic syndrome

characterized by fetal akinesia. This study expands the clinical phenotype and insight into a form

of fetal akinesia related to choline transporter defects and proposes a genotype-phenotype

correlation for the lethal form of SLC5A7-related disorder with potential implications for genetic

counseling.
Additional file 2 of Clinical prediction models assessing response to radiotherapy for rectal cancer: protocol for a systematic review
Creators: name: Karageorgou, Margarita
name: Hughes, David M.
name: Myint, Arthur Sun
name: Pritchard, D. Mark
name: Bonnett, Laura J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. PRISMA-P 2015 Checklist.
A study of the high-inclination population in the Kuiper belt - II. The Twotinos
Creators: name: Li, Jian
name: Zhou, Li-Yong
name: Sun, Yi-Sui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As the second part of our study, in this paper we proceed to explore the dynamics of the high-inclination Twotinos in the 1:2 Neptune mean motion resonance (NMMR). Depending on the inclination $i$, we show the existence of two critical eccentricities $e_a(i)$ and $e_c(i)$, which are lower limits of the eccentricity $e$ for the resonant angle $σ$ to exhibit libration and asymmetric libration, respectively. Accordingly, we have determined the libration centres $σ_0$ for inclined orbits, which are strongly dependent on $i$. With initial $σ=σ_0$ on a fine grid of $(e, i)$, the stability of orbits in the 1:2 NMMR is probed by 4-Gyr integrations. It is shown that symmetric librators are totally unstable for $i\ge30^{\circ}$; while stable asymmetric librators exist for $i$ up to $90^{\circ}$. We further investigate the 1:2 NMMR capture and retention of planetesimals with initial inclinations $i_0\le90^{\circ}$ in the planet migration model using a time-scale of $2\times10^7$ yr. We find that: (1) the capture efficiency of the 1:2 NMMR decreases drastically with the increase of $i_0$, and it goes to 0 when $i_0\ge60^{\circ}$; (2) the probability of discovering Twotinos with $i>25^{\circ}$, beyond observed values, is roughly estimated to be $\le0.1$ per cent; (3) more particles are captured into the leading rather than the trailing asymmetric resonance for $i_0\le10^{\circ}$, but this number difference appears to be the opposite at $i_0=20^{\circ}$ and is continuously varying for even larger $i_0$; (4) captured Twotinos residing in the trailing resonance or having $i>15^{\circ}$ are practically outside the Kozai mechanism, like currently observed samples.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, Accepted by MNRAS. Comments welcome!
Website-Fingerprinting mit dem multinomialen Naıve-Bayes-Klassifizierer
Creators: name: Herrmann, Dominik
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Website-Fingerprinting, IT-Forensik, Traffic-Analyse, Text-Mining
subject: 000 Allgemeines, Wissenschaft
subject: 004 Informatik

description: In diesem Arbeitspapier wird ein verbessertes Verfahren zur Identifizierung von Webseiten anhand des charakteristischen Datenverkehrs, der bei ihrem Abruf entsteht, vorgestellt und mit Testdaten evaluiert. Es basiert auf dem multinomialen Naive-Bayes-Klassifizierer, der auf die normalisierte Häufigkeitsverteilung der IP-Paketgrößen angewendet wird. Das Verfahren ist bereits bei einer einzigen Trainingsinstanz mit einer Erkennungsrate von 89% genauer als bislang vorgestellte Methoden. Darüber hinaus werden eine Reihe von Forschungsfragen formuliert, die zur Evaluierung der Praktikabilität von Website-Fingerprinting zu untersuchen sind.
On maximal area integral problem for analytic functions in the starlike family
Creators: name: Sahoo, S. K.
name: Sharma, N. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30C45, 30C55

description: For an analytic function $f$ defined on the unit disk $|z|<1$, let $Δ(r,f)$ denote the area of the image of the subdisk $|z|
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to a journal
A novel concept of fractal dimension in deterministic and stochastic Lorenz-63 systems
Creators: name: Alberti, Tommaso
name: Faranda, Davide
name: Lucarini, Valerio
name: Donner, Reik V.
name: Dubrulle, Berengere
name: Daviaud, Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many natural systems show emergent phenomena at different scales, leading to scaling regimes with signatures of chaos at large scales and an apparently random behavior at small scales. These features are usually investigated quantitatively by studying the properties of the underlying attractor, the compact object asymptotically hosting the trajectories of the system with their invariant density in the phase-space. This multi-scale nature of natural systems makes it practically impossible to get a clear picture of the attracting set as it spans over a wide range of spatial scales and may even change in time due to non-stationary forcing. Here we combine an adaptive decomposition method with extreme value theory to study the properties of the instantaneous scale-dependent dimension, which has been recently introduced to characterize such temporal and spatial scale-dependent attractors in turbulence and astrophysics. To provide a quantitative analysis of the properties of this metric, we test it on the well-known low-dimensional deterministic Lorenz-63 system perturbed with additive or multiplicative noise. We demonstrate that the properties of the invariant set depend on the scale we are focusing on and that the scale-dependent dimensions can discriminate between additive and multiplicative noise, despite the fact that the two cases exhibit very similar stochastic attractors at large scales. The proposed formalism can be generally helpful to investigate the role of multi-scale fluctuations within complex systems, allowing us to deal with the problem of characterizing the role of stochastic fluctuations across a wide range of physical systems.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
A Whitney map onto the Long Arc
Creators: name: Hernández-Gutiérrez, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54F15, 54F05, 54F50, 54B35

description: In a recent paper, Garc\'ıa-Velazquez has extended the notion of Whitney map to include maps with non-metrizable codomain and left open the question of whether there is a continuum that admits such a Whitney map. In this paper, we consider two examples of hereditarily indecomposable, chainable continua of weight $ω_1$ constructed by Michel Smith; we show that one of them admits a Whitney function onto the long arc and the other admits no Whitney maps at all.
Structural Conditional Correlation
Creators: name: Weber, Enzo
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Simultaneity, Identification, EGARCH, Conditional Correlation
subject: 330 Wirtschaft
subject: C32
subject: G10

description: A small strand of recent literature is occupied with identifying simultaneity in multiple equation systems through autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity. Since this approach assumes that the structural innovations are uncorrelated, any contemporaneous connection of the endogenous variables needs to be exclusively explained by mutual spillover effects. In contrast, this paper allows for instantaneous covariances, which become identifiable by imposing the constraint of structural constant / dynamic conditional correlation (SCCC / SDCC). In this, common driving forces can be modelled in addition to simultaneous transmission effects. The methodology is applied to the Dow Jones and Nasdaq Composite indexes, illuminating scope and functioning of the new models.
Testing a Bell Inequality with a Remote Quantum Processor
Creators: name: Brody, Jed
name: Avram, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: IBM Quantum offers free remote access to real quantum processors. One of the many experiments now accessible to all students is a test of Bell inequalities. This experiment introduces the rigorous mysteries that physicists have grappled with for a century. Using IBM Quantum to test Bell inequalities is not new. However, we are unaware of any single reference, appropriate for introductory students, that contains (1) the derivation of a Bell inequality, (2) the derivation of the corresponding quantum prediction, and (3) instructions for carrying out the experiment with IBM Quantum.
description: The following article has been accepted by The Physics Teacher. After it is published, it will be found at https://aapt.scitation.org/journal/pte
On the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability evolving from a deterministic multimode planar interface
Creators: name: Tritschler, V. K.
name: Olson, B. J.
name: Lele, S. K.
name: Hickel, S.
name: Hu, X. Y.
name: Adams, N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the shock-induced turbulent mixing between a light and heavy gas, where a Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI) is initiated by a $\Ma = 1.5$ shock wave. The prescribed initial conditions define a deterministic multimode interface perturbation between the gases, which can be imposed exactly for different simulation codes and resolutions to allow for quantitative comparison. Well-resolved large-eddy simulations are performed using two different and independently developed numerical methods with the objective of assessing turbulence structures, prediction uncertainties and convergence behaviour. The two numerical methods differ fundamentally with respect to the employed subgrid-scale regularisation, each representing state-of-the-art approaches to RMI. Unlike previous studies the focus of the present investigation is to quantify uncertainties introduced by the numerical method, as there is strong evidence that subgrid-scale regularisation and truncation errors may have a significant effect on the linear and non-linear stages of the RMI evolution. Fourier diagnostics reveal that the larger energy containing scales converge rapidly with increasing mesh resolution and thus are in excellent agreement for the two numerical methods. Spectra of gradient dependent quantities, such as enstrophy and scalar dissipation rate, show stronger dependencies on the small-scale flow field structures in consequence of truncation error effects, which for one numerical method are dominantly dissipative and for the other dominantly dispersive.
description: 34 pages, submitted to Journal of Fluid Mechanics
Anomalous Higgs boson couplings in weak boson fusion production at NNLO in QCD
Creators: name: Asteriadis, Konstantin
name: Caola, Fabrizio
name: Melnikov, Kirill
name: Röntsch, Raoul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of Higgs bosons in weak boson fusion has the second largest cross section among Higgs-production processes at the LHC. As such, this process plays an important role in detailed studies of Higgs interactions with vector bosons. In this paper we extend the available description of Higgs boson production in weak boson fusion by considering anomalous $HVV$ interactions and NNLO QCD radiative corrections at the same time. We find that, while leading order QCD predictions are too uncertain to allow for detailed studies of the anomalous couplings, NLO QCD results are sufficiently precise, most of the time. The NNLO QCD corrections alter the NLO QCD predictions only marginally, but their availability enhances the credibility of conclusions based on NLO QCD computations.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Research designs and instruments to detect physiotherapy overuse of low-value care services in low back pain management: a scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Kühn, Lukas
name: Lindert, Lara
name: Choi, Kyung-Eun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) 2015 checklist: recommended items to address in a systematic review protocol*.
Optimal selection of learning data for highly accurate QSAR prediction of chemical biodegradability: a machine learning-based approach
Creators: name: Takeda, K.
name: Takeuchi, K.
name: Sakuratani, Y.
name: Kimbara, K.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Prior to the manufacture of new chemicals, regulations mandate a thorough review of the chemicals under risk management. This review involves evaluating their effects on the environment and human health. To assess these effects, a review report that conforms to the OECD Test Guidelines must be submitted to the regulatory body. One of the essential components of the report is an assessment of the biodegradability of chemicals in the environment. In addition to conventional methods, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models have been developed to predict the properties of chemicals based on their structural features. Although a greater number of chemicals in the learning set may enhance the prediction accuracy, it may also lead to a decrease in accuracy due to the mixing of different structural features and properties of the chemicals. To improve the prediction performance, it is recommended to use only the appropriate data for biodegradability prediction as a training set. In this study, we propose a novel approach for the optimal selection of training set that enables a highly accurate prediction of the biodegradability of chemicals by QSAR. Our findings indicate that the proposed method effectively reduces the root mean squared error and improves the prediction accuracy.
Effective spectral function of vector mesons via lifetime analysis
Creators: name: Hirayama, Renan
name: Staudenmaier, Jan
name: Elfner, Hannah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effective spectral functions of the $ρ$ meson are reconstructed by considering the lifetimes inside different media using the hadronic transport SMASH (Simulating Many Accelerated Strongly-interacting Hadrons). Due to inelastic scatterings, resonance lifetimes are dynamically shortened (collisional broadening), even though the employed approach assumes vacuum resonance properties. Analyzing the $ρ$ meson lifetimes allows to quantify an effective broadening of the decay width and spectral function, which is important in order to distinguish dynamical effects from additional genuine medium modifications to the spectral functions, indicating e.g. an onset of chiral symmetry restoration. The broadening of the spectral function in a thermalized system is shown to be consistent with other theoretical calculations. The effective $ρ$ meson spectral function is also presented for the dynamical evolution of heavy-ion collisions, finding a clear correlation of the broadening to system size, which is explained by an observed dependence of the width on the local hadron density. Furthermore, the difference in the results between the thermal system and full collision dynamics is explored, which may point to non-equilibrium effects.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures. Ancillary files divided by system
Tailoring phase transition from topological superconductor to trivial superconductor induced by magnetic textures of a spin-chain on a $p$-wave superconductor
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Pritam
name: Pradhan, Saurabh
name: Nandy, Ashis K.
name: Saha, Arijit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the phase transition from a non-trivial topological $p$-wave superconductor to a trivial $s$-wave like superconducting phase through a gapless phase, driven by different magnetic textures as an one-dimensional spin-chain impurity, e.g. Bloch-type, in-plane and out-of-plane Néel-type spin-chains etc. In our proposal, the chain of magnetic impurities is placed on a spin-triplet $p$-wave superconductor where we obtain numerically as well as analytically an effective $s$-wave like pairing due to spin rotation, resulting in gradual destruction of the Majorana zero modes present in the topological superconducting phase. In particular, when the impurity spins are antiferromagnetically aligned i.e. spiral wave vector $G_{s}=π$, the system becomes an effective $s$-wave superconductor without Majorana zero modes in the local density of states. The Shiba bands, on the other hand, formed due to the overlapping of Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states play a crucial role in this topological to trivial superconductor phase transition, confirmed by the sign change in the minigap within the Shiba bands. We also characterize this topological phase transition via gap closing and winding number analysis. Moreover, interference of the Shiba bands exhibiting oscillatory behavior within the superconducting gap, $-Δ_{p}$ to $Δ_{p}$, as a function of $G_{s}$, also reflects an important evidence for the formation of an effective $s$-wave pairing. Such oscillation is absent in the $p$-wave regime.
description: This is the published version
Hidden horizons in non-relativistic AdS/CFT
Creators: name: Keeler, Cynthia
name: Knodel, Gino
name: Liu, James T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study boundary Green's functions for spacetimes with non-relativistic scaling symmetry. For this class of backgrounds, scalar modes with large transverse momentum, or equivalently low frequency, have an exponentially suppressed imprint on the boundary. We investigate the effect of these modes on holographic two-point functions. We find that the boundary Green's function is generically insensitive to horizon features on small transverse length scales. We explicitly demonstrate this insensitivity for Lifshitz z=2, and then use the WKB approximation to generalize our findings to Lifshitz z>1 and RG flows with a Lifshitz-like region. We also comment on the analogous situation in Schroedinger spacetimes. Finally, we exhibit the analytic properties of the Green's function in these spacetimes.
description: Abstract and Introduction updated, typos corrected
Efficient verification of Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki states
Creators: name: Chen, Tianyi
name: Li, Yunting
name: Zhu, Huangjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki (AKLT) states are an important class of many-body quantum states that are useful in quantum information processing, including measurement-based quantum computation in particular. Here we propose a general approach for constructing efficient verification protocols for AKLT states on arbitrary graphs with local spin measurements. Our verification protocols build on bond verification protocols and matching covers (including edge coloring) of the underlying graphs, which have a simple geometric and graphic picture. We also provide rigorous performance guarantee that is required for practical applications. With our approach, most AKLT states of wide interest, including those defined on 1D and 2D lattices, can be verified with a constant sample cost, which is independent of the system size and is dramatically more efficient than all previous approaches. As an illustration, we construct concrete verification protocols for AKLT states on various lattices and on arbitrary graphs up to five vertices.
description: 18+7 pages, 15 figures, and 4+1 tables; see also the companion paper on the verification of ground states. Comments and suggestions are very welcome!
Using Machine Learning to Anticipate Tipping Points and Extrapolate to Post-Tipping Dynamics of Non-Stationary Dynamical Systems
Creators: name: Patel, Dhruvit
name: Ott, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider the machine learning (ML) task of predicting tipping point transitions and long-term post-tipping-point behavior associated with the time evolution of an unknown (or partially unknown), non-stationary, potentially noisy and chaotic, dynamical system. We focus on the particularly challenging situation where the past dynamical state time series that is available for ML training predominantly lies in a restricted region of the state space, while the behavior to be predicted evolves on a larger state space set not fully observed by the ML model during training. In this situation, it is required that the ML prediction system have the ability to extrapolate to different dynamics past that which is observed during training. We investigate the extent to which ML methods are capable of accomplishing useful results for this task, as well as conditions under which they fail. In general, we found that the ML methods were surprisingly effective even in situations that were extremely challenging, but do (as one would expect) fail when ``too much" extrapolation is required. For the latter case, we investigate the effectiveness of combining the ML approach with conventional modeling based on scientific knowledge, thus forming a hybrid prediction system which we find can enable useful prediction even when its ML-based and knowledge-based components fail when acting alone. We also found that achieving useful results may require using very carefully selected ML hyperparameters and we propose a hyperparameter optimization strategy to address this problem. The main conclusion of this paper is that ML-based approaches are promising tools for predicting the behavior of non-stationary dynamical systems even in the case where the future evolution (perhaps due to the crossing of a tipping point) includes dynamics on a set outside of that explored by the training data.
Additional file 2 of Research designs and instruments to detect physiotherapy overuse of low-value care services in low back pain management: a scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Kühn, Lukas
name: Lindert, Lara
name: Choi, Kyung-Eun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Initial search strategy.
Critical behavior of models with infinite disorder at a star junction of chains
Creators: name: Juhász, Róbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study two models having an infinite-disorder critical point --- the zero temperature random transverse-field Ising model and the random contact process --- on a star-like network composed of $M$ semi-infinite chains connected to a common central site. By the strong disorder renormalization group method, the scaling dimension $x_M$ of the local order parameter at the junction is calculated. It is found to decrease rapidly with the number $M$ of arms, but remains positive for any finite $M$. This means that, in contrast with the pure transverse-field Ising model, where the transition becomes of first order for $M>2$, it remains continuous in the disordered models, although, for not too small $M$, it is hardly distinguishable from a discontinuous one owing to a close-to-zero $x_M$. The scaling behavior of the order parameter in the Griffiths-McCoy phase is also analyzed.
description: 14 pages
Solving Einstein's Equation Numerically on Manifolds With Arbitrary Spatial Topologies
Creators: name: Lindblom, Lee
name: Szilagyi, Bela
name: Taylor, Nicholas W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper develops a method for solving Einstein's equation numerically on multi-cube representations of manifolds with arbitrary spatial topologies. This method is designed to provide a set of flexible, easy to use computational procedures that make it possible to explore the never before studied properties of solutions to Einstein's equation on manifolds with arbitrary toplogical structures. A new covariant, first-order symmetric-hyperbolic representation of Einstein's equation is developed for this purpose, along with the needed boundary conditions at the interfaces between adjoining cubic regions. Numerical tests are presented that demonstrate the long-term numerical stability of this method for evolutions of a complicated, time-dependent solution of Einstein's equation coupled to a complex scalar field on a manifold with spatial topology S^3. The accuracy of these numerical test solutions is evaluated by performing convergence studies and by comparing the full non-linear numerical results to the analytical perturbation solutions, which are also derived here.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures, 1 table; v2 minor revisions to agree with published version