cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Do innovative firms communicate more? evidence from the relation between patenting and management guidance
Creators: name: Huang, Sterling
name: Ng, Jeffrey
name: Ranasinghe, Tharindra
name: Zhang, Mingyue
Publisher: name: American Accounting Association
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 35
subject: Commerce, management, tourism and services

description: Successful innovations could induce more disclosure if the information asymmetry between the firm and its investors about post-innovation outcomes leads investors to demand more information. However, such innovations also likely entail greater proprietary cost concerns, which deter disclosure. This paper uses patent grants to examine the effect of innovation success on management guidance behavior. We find that more management guidance follows patent grants, suggesting that despite disclosure cost concerns, firms with successful innovations do respond to information demand. This association is stronger after enactment of Regulation Fair Disclosure and for firms with greater institutional investor ownership, further highlighting the role of information demand. The association is weaker for firms with more competition, consistent with proprietary cost concerns having a moderating impact. Overall, our findings suggest that innovation creates demand for more voluntary disclosure, and firms’ disclosure decisions following innovation outcomes vary in ways that disclosure theory and economic intuition predict.
Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome in dynamical small-world networks
Creators: name: Masuda, Naoki
name: Konno, Norio
name: Aihara, Kazuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is still threatening the world because of a possible resurgence. In the current situation that effective medical treatments such as antiviral drugs are not discovered yet, dynamical features of the epidemics should be clarified for establishing strategies for tracing, quarantine, isolation, and regulating social behavior of the public at appropriate costs. Here we propose a network model for SARS epidemics and discuss why superspreaders emerged and why SARS spread especially in hospitals, which were key factors of the recent outbreak. We suggest that superspreaders are biologically contagious patients, and they may amplify the spreads by going to potentially contagious places such as hospitals. To avoid mass transmission in hospitals, it may be a good measure to treat suspected cases without hospitalizing them. Finally, we indicate that SARS probably propagates in small-world networks associated with human contacts and that the biological nature of individuals and social group properties are factors more important than the heterogeneous rates of social contacts among individuals. This is in marked contrast with epidemics of sexually transmitted diseases or computer viruses to which scale-free network models often apply.
description: 4 figures
Topology of superconductors beyond mean-field theory
Creators: name: Lapa, Matthew F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of topological superconductivity is largely based on the analysis of mean-field Hamiltonians that violate particle number conservation and have only short-range interactions. Although this approach has been very successful, it is not clear that it captures the topological properties of real superconductors, which are described by number-conserving Hamiltonians with long-range interactions. To address this issue, we study topological superconductivity directly in the number-conserving setting. We focus on a diagnostic for topological superconductivity that compares the fermion parity $\mathcal{P}$ of the ground state of a system in a ring geometry and in the presence of zero vs. $Φ_{\text{sc}}=\frac{h}{2e} \equiv π$ flux of an external magnetic field. A version of this diagnostic exists in any dimension and provides a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ invariant $ν=\mathcal{P}_0\mathcal{P}_π$ for topological superconductivity. In this paper we prove that the mean-field approximation correctly predicts the value of $ν$ for a large family of number-conserving models of spinless superconductors. Our result applies directly to the cases of greatest physical interest, including $p$-wave and $p_x+ip_y$ superconductors in one and two dimensions, and gives strong evidence for the validity of the mean-field approximation in the study of (at least some aspects of) topological superconductivity.
description: v1: 5+1 pages, v2: reformatted with some minor revisions and additional references. Now published in Physical Review Research
Using expert knowledge to support Endangered Species Act decision-making for data-deficient species
Creators: name: Fitzgerald, Daniel B.
name: Smith, David R.
name: Culver, David C.
name: Feller, Daniel
name: Fong, Daniel
name: Hajenga, Jeff
name: Niemiller, Matthew L.
name: Nolfi, Daniel C.
name: Orndorff, Wil D.
name: Douglas, Barbara
name: Maloney, Kelly O.
name: Young, John A.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Many questions relevant to conservation decision-making are characterized by extreme uncertainty due to lack of empirical data and complexity of the underlying ecologic processes, leading to a rapid increase in the use of structured protocols to elicit expert knowledge. Published ecologic applications often employ a modified Delphi method, where experts provide judgments anonymously and mathematical aggregation techniques are used to combine judgments. The Sheffield elicitation framework (SHELF) differs in its behavioral approach to synthesizing individual judgments into a fully specified probability distribution for an unknown quantity. We used the SHELF protocol remotely to assess extinction risk of three subterranean aquatic species that are being considered for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. We provided experts an empirical threat assessment for each known locality over a video conference and recorded judgments on the probability of population persistence over four generations with online submission forms and R-shiny apps available through the SHELF package. Despite large uncertainty for all populations, there were key differences between species’ risk of extirpation based on spatial variation in dominant threats, local land use and management practices, and species’ microhabitat. The resulting probability distributions provided decision makers with a full picture of uncertainty that was consistent with the probabilistic nature of risk assessments. Discussion among experts during SHELF's behavioral aggregation stage clearly documented dominant threats (e.g., development, timber harvest, animal agriculture, and cave visitation) and their interactions with local cave geology and species’ habitat. Our virtual implementation of the SHELF protocol demonstrated the flexibility of the approach for conservation applications operating on budgets and time lines that can limit in-person meetings of geographically dispersed experts.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in traditionally used medicinal plants from Varna region, Bulgaria
Creators: name: Georgieva, Angelika
name: Georgieva, Stanislava K.
name: Peteva, Zlatina V.
name: Cherneva, Djeni P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: PAHs
medicinal plants
GC-MS
Bulgaria

description: The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was determined in Matricaria chamomilla L., Thymus serpyllum L., Tilia L., Sambucus nigra L. and Achillea millefolium L., collected from urban and rural region near Varna, Bulgaria. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of PAHs in traditionally used medicinal plants from different regions to assess environmental pollution. Benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene are among the 16 priority pollutants pointed out by US EPA. The EU legislation has set a limit of 50 µg/kg dry weight (dw) for the sum of the 4 PAHs. The PAH levels were determined in extracts of medicinal plants by GC-MS after purification. Chrysene was registered as most abundant compound in all plant species investigated. Benzo[a]pyrene, identified by the International agency for research on cancer as carcinogenic to humans, was not detected in the samples analyzed. The levels of investigated PAHs were significantly higher in samples from areas with intensive traffic compared to samples from suburban areas. The sum of 4 PAHs in all plant species were found in the range from 0.68 (Sambucus nigra L.) to 6.82 µg/kg dw (Tilia L.) and was below the permissible limit of the European commission.
N=1/2 Wess-Zumino model is renormalizable
Creators: name: Britto, Ruth
name: Feng, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Wess-Zumino model on N=1/2 nonanticommutative superspace, which contains the dimension-6 term F^3, is shown to be renormalizable to all orders in perturbation theory, upon adding F and F^2 terms to the original Lagrangian. The renormalizability is possible, even with this higher-dimension operator, because the Lagrangian is not hermitian. Such deformed field theories arise naturally in string theory with a graviphoton background.
description: 8 Pages, one Table and one Figure
Using expert knowledge to support Endangered Species Act decision-making for data-deficient species
Creators: name: Fitzgerald, Daniel B.
name: Smith, David R.
name: Culver, David C.
name: Feller, Daniel
name: Fong, Daniel
name: Hajenga, Jeff
name: Niemiller, Matthew L.
name: Nolfi, Daniel C.
name: Orndorff, Wil D.
name: Douglas, Barbara
name: Maloney, Kelly O.
name: Young, John A.
Publisher: name: Society for Conservation Biology
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Many questions relevant to conservation decision-making are characterized by extreme uncertainty due to lack of empirical data and complexity of the underlying ecologic processes, leading to a rapid increase in the use of structured protocols to elicit expert knowledge. Published ecologic applications often employ a modified Delphi method, where experts provide judgments anonymously and mathematical aggregation techniques are used to combine judgments. The Sheffield elicitation framework (SHELF) differs in its behavioral approach to synthesizing individual judgments into a fully specified probability distribution for an unknown quantity. We used the SHELF protocol remotely to assess extinction risk of three subterranean aquatic species that are being considered for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. We provided experts an empirical threat assessment for each known locality over a video conference and recorded judgments on the probability of population persistence over four generations with online submission forms and R-shiny apps available through the SHELF package. Despite large uncertainty for all populations, there were key differences between species’ risk of extirpation based on spatial variation in dominant threats, local land use and management practices, and species’ microhabitat. The resulting probability distributions provided decision makers with a full picture of uncertainty that was consistent with the probabilistic nature of risk assessments. Discussion among experts during SHELF's behavioral aggregation stage clearly documented dominant threats (e.g., development, timber harvest, animal agriculture, and cave visitation) and their interactions with local cave geology and species’ habitat. Our virtual implementation of the SHELF protocol demonstrated the flexibility of the approach for conservation applications operating on budgets and time lines that can limit in-person meetings of geographically dispersed experts.
A Note on Testing Separability in Nonparametric Demand Analysis
Creators: name: Cox, Thomas L.
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
name: Cox, Thomas L.
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Demand and Price Analysis

description: This paper seeks to clarify the empirical options for testing separability in nonparametric demand analysis. It is noted that the Afriat-Varian characterization of weak separability can be obtained only under the restrictive assumption of a concave utility function. An alternative nonparametric separability test is discussed under weaker assumptions.
Second-order quark number susceptibility of deconfined QCD matter in the presence of a magnetic field
Creators: name: Karmakar, Bithika
name: Haque, Najmul
name: Mustafa, Munshi G
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Considering the strong field approximation we compute the hard thermal loop pressure at finite temperature and chemical potential of hot and dense deconfined QCD matter in lowest Landau level in one-loop order. We consider the anisotropic pressure in the presence of the strong magnetic field i.e., longitudinal and transverse pressure along parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field direction. As a first effort, we compute and discuss the anisotropic quark number susceptibility of deconfined QCD matter in lowest Landau level. The longitudinal quark number susceptibility is found to increase with the temperature whereas the transverse one decreases with the temperature. We also compute the quark number susceptibility in the weak field approximation. We find that the thermomagnetic correction to the quark number susceptibility is very marginal in the weak field approximation.
description: 31 pages, 9 figures, Version published in PRD
Direct approach to the problem of strong local minima in Calculus of Variations
Creators: name: Grabovsky, Yury
name: Mengesha, Tadele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49K10

description: The paper introduces a general strategy for identifying strong local minimizers of variational functionals. It is based on the idea that any variation of the integral functional can be evaluated directly in terms of the appropriate parameterized measures. We demonstrate our approach on a problem of W^{1,infinity} weak-* local minima--a slight weakening of the classical notion of strong local minima. We obtain the first quasiconvexity-based set of sufficient conditions for W^{1,infinity} weak-* local minima.
description: 26 pages, no figures
Strain Engineering of Spin and Rashba properties in Group-III Monochalcogenide MX (M=Ga, In and X=S, Se, Te) Monolayer
Creators: name: Ariapour, Mohammad
name: Touski, Shoeib Babaee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, spin properties of monolayer MX (M=Ga, In and X=S, Se, Te) in the presence of strain are studied. Density functional theory is used to investigate spin properties. The strain changes modification of bandgap due to spin-orbit coupling, the results indicate the spin-orbit coupling has a higher effect in the compressive regime. Also, spin splitting in the conduction and valence bands respect to strain are compared for six materials. The location of conduction band minimum (CBM) imposed a type of spin properties. These materials with mirror symmetry can display the Rashba effect while M valley is located at CBM. Strain tunes the conduction band minimum in three valleys (K, M and $Γ$ valleys) and determines which spin effect (spin splitting, Rashba splitting or no spin splitting) has occurred in each strain for every material. Lastly, the relation between the Rashba parameter and the atomic mass is explored and it is observed that there is a linear correlation between atomic mass and Rashba coefficient.
A warm hot intergalactic medium towards 3C 120?
Creators: name: McKernan, B.
name: Yaqoob, T.
name: Mushotzky, R.
name: George, I. M.
name: Turner, T. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observed the Seyfert I active galaxy/broad line radio galaxy 3C120 with the Chandra high energy transmission gratings and present an analysis of the soft X-ray spectrum. We identify the strongest absorption feature (detected at >99.9% confidence) with O VIII Lya (FWHM=1010^{+295}_{-265} km/s), blueshifted by -5500 +/- 140 km/s from systemic velocity. The absorption may be due to missing baryons in warm/hot intergalactic medium (WHIGM) along the line-of-sight to 3C 120 at z=0.0147 +/- 0.0005, or it could be intrinsic to the jet of 3C 120. Assuming metallicities of 0.1 solar, we estimate an ionic column density of N_{O VIII}>3.4 \times 10^{16} cm^{-2} for WHIGM and a filament depth of <19 h^{-1}_{70} Mpc. We find a baryon overdensity >56 relative to the critical density of a $Λ$-dominated cold dark matter universe, which is in reasonable agreement with WHIGM simulations. We detect, at marginal significance, absorption of O VIII Lya at z\sim 0 due to a hot medium in the Local Group. We also detect an unidentified absorption feature at \sim 0.71 keV. Absorption features which might be expected along with O VIII Lya, were not significant statistically. Relative abundances of metals in the WHIGM and local absorbers may therefore be considerably different from solar.
description: 4 pages, uses emulateapj.cls, ApJL (accepted)
Vortex dynamics in a compact Kardar-Parisi-Zhang system
Creators: name: Zamora, A.
name: Lad, N.
name: Szymanska, M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of vortices in a two-dimensional, non-equilibrium system, described by the compact Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation, after a sudden quench across the critical region. Our exact numerical solution of the phase-ordering kinetics shows that the unique interplay between non-equilibrium and the variable degree of spatial anisotropy leads to different critical regimes. We provide an analytical expression for the vortex evolution, based on scaling arguments, which is in agreement with the numerical results, and confirms the form of the interaction potential between vortices in this system.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures and Supplementary Material
Naturally heavy superpartners and a Little Higgs
Creators: name: Roy, Tuhin
name: Schmaltz, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct an extension of the MSSM in which scalar superpartners can naturally be as heavy as 1 TeV. In the MSSM, the most significant fine tuning stems from the logarithmically enhanced top-stop loop contribution to the soft Higgs mass. We combine supersymmetry with the "simplest little Higgs" to render this loop finite, thereby removing the large logarithm even in models in which superpartner masses are generated at high scales such as in supergravity. Our model predicts an extended Higgs sector, superpartner masses near a TeV and little Higgs partners at a few TeV.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure
Separating symbolic and active representation : A mixed methods study of gender and education in China
Creators: name: Xu, Xiaoyang
name: Meier, Kenneth
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Bureaucracies representative of the public can affect programme outcomes either through active representation by bureaucrats or symbolic representation via changes in client behaviour. Separating out these different aspects of representation requires understanding the interaction of bureaucrats and clients which is difficult using only quantitative data. Using individual-level quantitative analysis of Chinese education data, we find gender representation exists. Qualitative interviews of teachers, students and school principals, however, indicate that the effects are most likely not from active representation but rather via the symbolic representation through role-model effects.
Flame Retarding-Stabilizing Behavior of Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride) Containing Novel Heavy Metal Free Modifier
Creators: name: I.Al-Mosawi, Ali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 91209 Polymers and Plastics
subject: FOS: Materials engineering

description: There is no universal super-material in the universe, but there are compounds that can have more than one characteristic that make it unconventional, and one of these is discovered in this study, which is Oxydtron (nano cement). Oxydtron has proven excellent efficiency as a flame retardant and surprisingly also showed excellent heat stabilizing effect. Tests carried out were limiting oxygen index, static heat stability, congo-red, differential scanning calorimetry, dehydrochlorination, capillary rheometry analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, and color change measurement. These thermal tests proved the ability of Oxydtron to improve the properties of poly(vinyl chloride) at high temperatures reducing the risks associated with the combustion of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) by increasing its thermal stability, flame retardation, and rate of degradation was effectively decreased. These tests has been shown that Oxydtron is not only a material used to improve the properties of concrete; but also a material that has shown a significant indication in the stabilization process of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride). As well, the structural changes in the poly(vinyl chloride) layer located directly under the flame zone (heat affected zone-HAZ), which is exposed to high temperatures without burning, have been checked by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FLIR analysis. Images obtained from SEM and FLIR analysis for the heat affected zone of limiting oxygen index samples showed a significant decrease in the chlorine content in the poly(vinyl chloride) structure accompanied by considerable stability of the carbon content when compared to the untested samples images. But after adding Oxydtron, the chlorine percentage was maintained at acceptable levels. Also, the effect of the processing method on poly(vinyl chloride)'s properties has been studied. The results obtained from the L.O.I test showed that the extrusion method was better than the rolling method for L.O.I. This behavior because the heat will be distributed uniformly in the screw-extrusion process, which reduces thermal stresses in the final product.
Fermionic Ghosts in Moyal String Field Theory
Creators: name: Bars, I.
name: Kishimoto, I.
name: Matsuo, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We complete the construction of the Moyal star formulation of bosonic open string field theory (MSFT) by providing a detailed study of the fermionic ghost sector. In particular, as in the case of the matter sector, (1) we construct a map from Witten's star product to the Moyal product, (2) we propose a regularization scheme which is consistent with the matter sector and (3) as a check of the formalism, we derive the ghost Neumann coefficients algebraically directly from the Moyal product. The latter satisfy the Gross-Jevicki nonlinear relations even in the presence of the regulator, and when the regulator is removed they coincide numerically with the expression derived from conformal field theory. After this basic construction, we derive a regularized action of string field theory in the Siegel gauge and define the Feynman rules. We give explicitly the analytic expression of the off-shell four point function for tachyons, including the ghost contribution. Some of the results in this paper have already been used in our previous publications. This paper provides the technical details of the computations which were omitted there.
description: 65 pages, typos corrected
Dynamical Coulomb blockade and spin-entangled electrons
Creators: name: Recher, Patrik
name: Loss, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the production of mobile and nonlocal pairwise spin-entangled electrons from tunneling of a BCS-superconductor (SC) to two normal Fermi liquid leads. The necessary mechanism to separate the two electrons coming from the same Cooper pair (spin-singlet) is achieved by coupling the SC to leads with a finite resistance. The resulting dynamical Coulomb blockade effect, which we describe phenomenologically in terms of an electromagnetic environment, is shown to be enhanced for tunneling of two spin-entangled electrons into the same lead compared to the process where the pair splits and each electron tunnels into a different lead. On the other hand in the pair-split process, the spatial correlation of a Cooper pair leads to a current suppression as a function of distance between the two tunnel junctions which is weaker for effectively lower dimensional SCs.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Asymptotic expansions for the Lagrangian trajectories from solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations
Creators: name: Hoang, Luan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Consider any Leray-Hopf weak solution of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible, viscous fluid flows. We prove that any Lagrangian trajectory associated with such a velocity field has an asymptotic expansion, as time tends to infinity, which describes its long-time behavior very precisely.
description: 15 pages, in press
Unknown Quantum States and Operations, a Bayesian View
Creators: name: Fuchs, Christopher A.
name: Schack, Ruediger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The classical de Finetti theorem provides an operational definition of the concept of an unknown probability in Bayesian probability theory, where probabilities are taken to be degrees of belief instead of objective states of nature. In this paper, we motivate and review two results that generalize de Finetti's theorem to the quantum mechanical setting: Namely a de Finetti theorem for quantum states and a de Finetti theorem for quantum operations. The quantum-state theorem, in a closely analogous fashion to the original de Finetti theorem, deals with exchangeable density-operator assignments and provides an operational definition of the concept of an "unknown quantum state" in quantum-state tomography. Similarly, the quantum-operation theorem gives an operational definition of an "unknown quantum operation" in quantum-process tomography. These results are especially important for a Bayesian interpretation of quantum mechanics, where quantum states and (at least some) quantum operations are taken to be states of belief rather than states of nature.
description: 37 pages, 3 figures, to appear in "Quantum Estimation Theory," edited by M.G.A. Paris and J. Rehacek (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2004)
What is the Right Ambient Water Quality Tax?
Creators: name: House, Brett W.
name: Helfand, Gloria
name: Larson, Douglas M.
name: House, Brett W.
name: Helfand, Gloria
name: Larson, Douglas M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Political Economy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper presents an extension and empirical application of Segerson's nonpoint pollution control mechanism. Segerson's incentive is designed to eliminate free riding by requiring each polluter to pay the full marginal cost of pollution for ambient water quality worse than a target, or to be subsidized for water quality better than that target. The magnitude of the incentive necessary to achieve a specified target depends on the assumed behavior of farmers: if they collude, a lower incentive level will achieve the same ambient water quality as a higher incentive if farmers act independently. Alternatively, an incentive level designed under the assumption that farmers will act independently will lead to greater abatement and subsidy payments to farmers if they collude. Thus, regulators need to consider how farmers will respond to each other when they calculate an incentive level. An empirical application is made to lettuce ·production in California's Salinas Valley.
Distinguished cuspidal representations over p-adic and finite fields
Creators: name: Hakim, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The author’s work with Murnaghan on distinguished tame supercuspidal representations is reexamined using a simplified treatment of Jiu-Kang Yu’s construction of tame supercuspidal representations of p-adic reductive groups. This leads to a unification of aspects of the theories of distinguished cuspidal representations over p-adic and finite fields.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND GROWTH: An Overview From The Perspective of the New Growth Theory
Creators: name: Roe, Terry
name: Mohtadi, Hamid
name: Roe, Terry
name: Mohtadi, Hamid
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Endogenous Growth
subject: Trade
subject: Technological Spillovers

description: The role of international trade in the new growth theory is investigated from several perspectives. following a historical outline and a brief analytical sketch of the R&D based models, the results from fitting three structural models to data are presented. Results show the relative impacts on growth from trade and R&D based policies including technological spillovers from trade. The mechnaism of inter-sectoral adjustments to the long-run growth path are also discussed. Results from selected econometric studies are reviewed. With emphasis on agriculture, this includes evidence of technological spillovers from trade, the effect of R&D expenditures on growth in total factor productivity, and the extent to which the stock of technological knowledge is accessible by others.
Separating symbolic and active representation : A mixed methods study of gender and education in China
Creators: name: Xu, Xiaoyang
name: Meier, Kenneth
Publisher: name: Public Management Review
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4407
subject: Policy and administration

description: Bureaucracies representative of the public can affect programme outcomes either through active representation by bureaucrats or symbolic representation via changes in client behaviour. Separating out these different aspects of representation requires understanding the interaction of bureaucrats and clients which is difficult using only quantitative data. Using individual-level quantitative analysis of Chinese education data, we find gender representation exists. Qualitative interviews of teachers, students and school principals, however, indicate that the effects are most likely not from active representation but rather via the symbolic representation through role-model effects.
The cytokines in immune microenvironment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis regulates the glycosylation of IgG
Creators: name: , Cao
name: Zhijing Song
name: Zhao, Xue
name: Yan, Gong
name: Keli Zhao
name: Chenxue Qu
name: Youyuan Huang
name: Li, Yan
name: Gao, Ying
name: Junqing Zhang
name: Xiaohui Guo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110703 Autoimmunity
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110704 Cellular Immunology

description: Supplementary Figures and Table for journal article. Currently under review at The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
Can $f(T)$ gravity resolve the $H_0$ tension?
Creators: name: Wang, Deng
name: Mota, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the discrepancy in measurements of $H_0$ between local and global probes, we investigate whether teleparallel gravities could be a better model to describe the present days observations or at least to alleviate the $H_0$ tension. Specifically, in this work we study and place constraints on three popular $f(T)$ models in light of the Planck-2018 CMB data release. We find that the $f(T)$ power-law model can alleviate the $H_0$ tension from $4.4σ$ to $1.9σ$ level, while the $f(T)$ model of two exponential fail to resolve this inconsistency. Moreover, for the first time, we obtain constraints on the effective number of relativistic species $N_{eff}$ and on the sum of the neutrino masses $Σm_ν$ in $f(T)$ gravity. We find that the constraints obtained are looser than in $Λ$CDM. However, the introduction of massive neutrinos into the cosmological model alleviate the $H_0$ tension for the power-law model. Finally, we find that whether a viable $f(T)$ theory can mitigate the $H_0$ tension depends on the mathematical structure of the distortion factor $y(z,\,b)$. These results could provide a clue for theoreticians to write a more physical-motivated expression of $f(T)$ function.
description: 13 pages, 8 figs. figs and refs added. Accepted in PRD
Distinguished cuspidal representations over p-adic and finite fields
Creators: name: Hakim, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Pacific Journal of Mathematics
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 49
subject: Mathematical sciences

description: The author’s work with Murnaghan on distinguished tame supercuspidal representations is reexamined using a simplified treatment of Jiu-Kang Yu’s construction of tame supercuspidal representations of p-adic reductive groups. This leads to a unification of aspects of the theories of distinguished cuspidal representations over p-adic and finite fields.
The RR Lyrae Distance to the Draco Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
Creators: name: Bonanos, A. Z.
name: Stanek, K. Z.
name: Szentgyorgyi, A. H.
name: Sasselov, D. D.
name: Bakos, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first CCD variability study of the Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy. The data were obtained with the FLWO 1.2 m telescope on 22 nights, over a period of 10 months, covering a 22 x 22 arcmin field centered at RA=17:19:57.5, Dec=57:50:05, J2000.0. The analysis of the BVI images produced 163 variable stars, 146 of which were RR Lyrae: 123 RRab, 16 RRc, 6 RRd and one RR12. The other variables include a SX Phe star, four anomalous Cepheids and a field eclipsing binary. Using the short distance scale statistical parallax calibration of Gould & Popowski and 94 RRab stars from our field, we obtain a distance modulus of (m-M)_0=19.40 +/- 0.02 (stat) +/- 0.15 (syst) mag for Draco, corresponding to a distance of 75.7 kpc +/- 0.7 (stat) +/- 5.4 (syst) kpc. By comparing the spread in magnitudes of RRab stars in B,V and I, we find no evidence for internal dust in the Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy. The catalog of all variables, as well as their photometry and finding charts, is available electronically via anonymous ftp and the World Wide Web. The complete set of the CCD frames is available upon request.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables; Accepted for publication by AJ (Feb 2004). Data presented are available at http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~kstanek/DIRECT/ and at ftp://cfa-ftp.harvard.edu/pub/kstanek/DIRECT/Draco/
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS: APPLICATION OF THE RANDOM UTILITY MODEL TO RECREATIONAL BENEFIT ASSESSMENT FOR THE MP&M EFFLUENT GUIDELINE
Creators: name: Tudor, Lynne G.
name: Besedin, Elena
name: Fisher, Michael
name: Smith, Stuart
name: Tudor, Lynne G.
name: Besedin, Elena
name: Fisher, Michael
name: Smith, Stuart
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The present study focuses on a state-wide case study to evaluate recreational benefits from forthcoming effluent limitation guidelines for the Metal Products and Machinery Industry. The study combines water quality modeling and a random utility model to assess how changes in water quality from the regulation will affect consumer valuation of water resources. Based on preliminary results, the MP&M regulation has the potential to generate substantial recreational benefits in Ohio .
Quality Responses to Agricultural Policies
Creators: name: James, Jennifer S.
name: James, Jennifer S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Most policy analyses are conducted using a model of a single market for a homogeneous commodity. Usually, the commodity of interest is not truly homogeneous, but the homogeneity assumption is imposed for the sake of simplicity. In doing so, analysts are implicitly assuming that a single-market model of a homogeneous product closely approximates true policy effects. This paper explores the implications of this assumption. The effects of the homogeneity assumption are shown for the simple case of a product available in two qualities, when market-distorting policies are introduced. It is shown that, for plausible parameter values, ignoring quality responses can have substantial impacts on the estimated welfare effects of policies. In addition, for a given transfer to producers, a model that incorporates quality responses to policies will imply different settings for policy instruments than a model of a homogeneous commodity, and in some cases, different instruments. For some transfers, including quality responses will switch the ranking of policies.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on business expectations
Creators: name: Meyer, Brent H.
name: Prescott, Brian
name: Sheng, Xuguang
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: We document and evaluate how businesses are reacting to the COVID-19 crisis through August 2020. First, on net, firms see the shock (thus far) largely as a demand rather than supply shock. A greater share of firms report significant or severe disruptions to sales activity than to supply chains. We compare these measures of disruption to their expected changes in selling prices and find that, even for firms that report supply chain disruptions, they expect to lower near-term selling prices on average. We also show that firms are engaging in wage cuts and expect to trim wages further before the end of 2020. These cuts stem from firms that have been disproportionally negatively impacted by the pandemic. Second, firms (like professional forecasters) have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by lowering their one-year-ahead inflation expectations. These responses stand in stark contrast to that of household inflation expectations (as measured by the University of Michigan or the New York Fed). Indeed, firms’ one-year-ahead inflation expectations fell precipitously (to a series low) following the onset of the pandemic, while household measures of inflation expectations jumped markedly. Third, despite the dramatic decline in firms’ near-term inflation expectations, their longer-run inflation expectations have remained relatively stable.
A Numerical Quadrature Approach to Option Valuation in Water Markets
Creators: name: Villinski, Michele T.
name: Villinski, Michele T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The standard Black-Scholes approach to option valuation becomes cumbersome and may fail to yield a solution when applied to non-standard options such as those emerging in water markets. An alternative tool, numerical quadrature, avoids some restrictive assumptions of the BlackScholes framework and can more easily price options with complex structures.
Cardiochiles Nees 1819
Creators: name: Edmardash, Yusuf A.
name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Sharkey, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Cardiochiles

description: Genus Cardiochiles Nees ab Esenbeck, 1818 sensu stricto
 Cardiochiles Nees ab Esenbeck, 1818 (not 1819 of Yu et al. 2012). Nova Acta Acad. Nat. Curios. 9: 307 (neither species nor genus was included). Type species: Ichneumon saltator Fabricius was subsequently designated as the type of the the genus by Nees ab Esenbeck (1834).
 Ditherus Cameron, 1902. – J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 14: 434. Type species:  Ditherus ru fi collis  Cameron (by monotypy) (synonymised by Morley (1909)).
description: Published as part of Edmardash, Yusuf A., Gadallah, Neveen S. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2018, Revision of the subfamily Cardiochilinae Ashmead, 1900 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Egypt, with new records and a new species, pp. 269-297 in Journal of Natural History 52 (5 - 6) on page 278, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1420834, http://zenodo.org/record/4747392
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on business expectations
Creators: name: Meyer, Brent H.
name: Prescott, Brian
name: Sheng, Xuguang
Publisher: name: International Journal of Forecasting
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 35
subject: Commerce, management, tourism and services

description: We document and evaluate how businesses are reacting to the COVID-19 crisis through August 2020. First, on net, firms see the shock (thus far) largely as a demand rather than supply shock. A greater share of firms report significant or severe disruptions to sales activity than to supply chains. We compare these measures of disruption to their expected changes in selling prices and find that, even for firms that report supply chain disruptions, they expect to lower near-term selling prices on average. We also show that firms are engaging in wage cuts and expect to trim wages further before the end of 2020. These cuts stem from firms that have been disproportionally negatively impacted by the pandemic. Second, firms (like professional forecasters) have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by lowering their one-year-ahead inflation expectations. These responses stand in stark contrast to that of household inflation expectations (as measured by the University of Michigan or the New York Fed). Indeed, firms’ one-year-ahead inflation expectations fell precipitously (to a series low) following the onset of the pandemic, while household measures of inflation expectations jumped markedly. Third, despite the dramatic decline in firms’ near-term inflation expectations, their longer-run inflation expectations have remained relatively stable.
Probing the processes : longitudinal qualitative research on social determinants of HIV
Creators: name: Barrington, Clare
name: Rosenberg, Alana P.
name: Kerrigan, Deanna
name: Blankenship, Kim
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Longitudinal qualitative research can provide rich understanding of the life circumstances of vulnerable groups who experience health inequities, of whether, how and why these circumstances change, and of how these circumstances and processes of change impact health. But, this rich understanding is not automatic and requires systematic and thoughtful approaches to data collection and analysis. The purpose of this paper is to describe two longitudinal qualitative studies embedded in mixed-methods studies of social determinants of HIV in the United States and the Dominican Republic. We compare these two studies to critically reflect on specific techniques that facilitate longitudinal and iterative data collection, management, and analysis, in particular the use of participant-specific matrices and analytic summaries across the distinct phases of the research. We conclude that combining cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis that engages with both themes and processes of change can contribute to improved contextualization and understanding of social determinants of HIV.
Big bang nucleosynthesis with a varying fine structure constant and non-standard expansion rate
Creators: name: Ichikawa, Kazuhide
name: Kawasaki, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate primordial abundances of light elements produced during big bang nucleosynthesis when the fine structure constant and/or the cosmic expansion rate take non-standard values. We compare them with the recent values of observed D, He4 and Li7 abundances, which show slight inconsistency among themselves in the standard big bang nucleosynthesis scenario. This inconsistency is not solved by considering either a varying fine structure constant or a non-standard expansion rate separately but solutions are found by their simultaneous existence.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Probing the processes : longitudinal qualitative research on social determinants of HIV
Creators: name: Barrington, Clare
name: Rosenberg, Alana P.
name: Kerrigan, Deanna
name: Blankenship, Kim
Publisher: name: AIDS and Behavior
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health

description: Longitudinal qualitative research can provide rich understanding of the life circumstances of vulnerable groups who experience health inequities, of whether, how and why these circumstances change, and of how these circumstances and processes of change impact health. But, this rich understanding is not automatic and requires systematic and thoughtful approaches to data collection and analysis. The purpose of this paper is to describe two longitudinal qualitative studies embedded in mixed-methods studies of social determinants of HIV in the United States and the Dominican Republic. We compare these two studies to critically reflect on specific techniques that facilitate longitudinal and iterative data collection, management, and analysis, in particular the use of participant-specific matrices and analytic summaries across the distinct phases of the research. We conclude that combining cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis that engages with both themes and processes of change can contribute to improved contextualization and understanding of social determinants of HIV.
Detecting chiral pairing and topological superfluidity using circular dichroism
Creators: name: Midtgaard, J. M.
name: Wu, Zhigang
name: Goldman, N.
name: Bruun, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Realising and probing topological superfluids is a key goal for fundamental science, with exciting technological promises. Here, we show that chiral $p_x+ip_y$ pairing in a two-dimensional topological superfluid can be detected through circular dichroism, namely, as a difference in the excitation rates induced by a clockwise and counter-clockwise circular drive. For weak pairing, this difference is to a very good approximation determined by the Chern number of the superfluid, whereas there is a non-topological contribution scaling as the superfluid gap squared that becomes signifiant for stronger pairing. This gives rise to a competition between the experimentally driven goal to maximise the critical temperature of the superfluid, and observing a signal given by the underlying topology. Using a combination of strong coupling Eliashberg and Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless theory, we analyse this tension for an atomic Bose-Fermi gas, which represents a promising platform for realising a chiral superfluid. We identify a wide range of system parameters where both the critical temperature is high and the topological contribution to the dichroic signal is dominant.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures