Parandrya Gulyaev & Chechulin 1996
Creators: name: Haukisalmi, Voitto
name: Hardman, Lotta M.
name: Hoberg, Eric P.
name: Henttonen, Heikki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Platyhelminthes
Cestoda
Cyclophyllidea
Anoplocephalidae
Parandrya

description: Parandrya Gulyaev & Chechulin, 1996
(Fig. 8)
Diagnosis. Strobila relatively long and wide. Scolex prominent, but relatively short. Suckers large, directed anterolaterally. Neck long and wide relative to scolex (minimum width ca. 80% of scolex width), not distinctly set off from scolex. Proglottids distinctly craspedote, transversely elongated (length/width ratio of mature proglottids 10–25%). Genital pores unilateral. Genital ducts pass dorsal to longitudinal osmoregulatory canals. Testes antiporal, porally not extending further than antiporal margin of vitellarium. Testes may overlap antiporal ventral longitudinal canal, but do not extend beyond it. Testes mostly not overlapping ovary. Cirrus sac large, extending across longitudinal ventral canal. Vagina tubiform or widening distally, shorter than cirrus sac, overlapping longitudinal ventral canal, positioned ventral or postero-ventral to cirrus sac. Seminal receptacle elongate. Ovary poral, not reaching ventral longitudinal canals. Vitellarium median or slightly poral with respect to ovary. Early uterus reticulate, anterior, ventral to other organs, with lateral, posteriorly widened, fenestrated “wings”. In arvicoline rodents (Cricetidae) of the genera Arvicola and Microtus in Eurasia.
Type species: P. feodorovi Gulyaev & Chechulin, 1996
Other species: P. oeconomi (Gubányi & Murai, 2002) n. comb. Paranoplocephala oeconomi Gubányi & Murai, 2002
Holotype of P. feodorovi: ISEA 112.
Remarks. Parandrya resembles Chionocestus, Microticola and Beringitaenia in having a wide (>65% of scolex width) and usually short neck, transversely elongated proglottids (length/width ratio 10–29%), primarily antiporally positioned testes that do not reach the poral ventral canal and porally positioned ovary. Parandrya differs from Chionocestus by the structure of scolex and distribution of testes (testes extending more porally in Chionocestus) and, perhaps, the shape of the seminal receptacle (more elongated in Parandrya). Parandrya can be distinguished from Microticola by the longer vagina (relative to the cirrus sac length), neck, cirrus sac and seminal receptacle of the former. Parandrya also lacks the characteristic “neck swelling” of Microticola. Beringitaenia differs from Parandrya due to its short body, distinctly poral vitellarium and prominently spined cirrus and, perhaps, position of genital ducts between dorsal and ventral longitudinal canals (ventral to longitudinal canals in Parandrya).
Parandrya feodorovi and P. oeconomi formed an exclusive monophyletic group in the cox1 data, nad1 data and concatenated data, thus supporting the preliminary observation by Haukisalmi et al. (2009b). However, Parandrya spp. belong to a larger, strongly supported clade also including P. yoccozi, Gallegoides and Microcephaloides spp. The latter two genera are morphologically divergent, differing from Paranoplocephala (s. l.), for example, in their tubular early uterus (early uterus is reticulate/fenestrate in Paranoplocephala). The relationship between Parandrya spp. and P. y o cc o z i remains unresolved, but there is morphological evidence suggesting that they represent different genus-level lineages (below). Interestingly, all taxa in this morphologically diverse clade are characterized by a short and wide neck (relative to the scolex width) despite pronounced differences in absolute scolex size, suggesting that this feature may be phylogenetically informative in the whole arvicoline clade of cestodes.
Parandrya feodorovi is primarily a parasite of the water vole Arvicola amphibius in Siberia, occurring sporadically in Microtus spp. (see Gulyaev & Chechulin 1996, Haukisalmi et al. 2009b), whereas P. oeconomi appears to be a host-specific parasite of Microtus oeconomus in Central Europe (Hungary; Gubányi & Murai 2002, Gubányi et al. 2002).
description: Published as part of Haukisalmi, Voitto, Hardman, Lotta M., Hoberg, Eric P. & Henttonen, Heikki, 2014, Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic revision of Paranoplocephala Lühe, 1910 sensu lato (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea, Anoplocephalidae), pp. 371-415 in Zootaxa 3873 (4) on pages 382-383, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/229232