cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Learning-Aided Physical Layer Attacks Against Multicarrier Communications in IoT
Creators: name: Nooraiepour, Alireza
name: Bajwa, Waheed U.
name: Mandayam, Narayan B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices that are limited in power and processing are susceptible to physical layer (PHY) spoofing (signal exploitation) attacks owing to their inability to implement a full-blown protocol stack for security. The overwhelming adoption of multicarrier techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for the PHY layer makes IoT devices further vulnerable to PHY spoofing attacks. These attacks which aim at injecting bogus/spurious data into the receiver, involve inferring transmission parameters and finding PHY characteristics of the transmitted signals so as to spoof the received signal. Non-contiguous (NC) OFDM systems have been argued to have low probability of exploitation (LPE) characteristics against classic attacks based on cyclostationary analysis, and the corresponding PHY has been deemed to be secure. However, with the advent of machine learning (ML) algorithms, adversaries can devise data-driven attacks to compromise such systems. It is in this vein that PHY spoofing performance of adversaries equipped with supervised and unsupervised ML tools are investigated in this paper. The supervised ML approach is based on deep neural networks (DNN) while the unsupervised one employs variational autoencoders (VAEs). In particular, VAEs are shown to be capable of learning representations from NC-OFDM signals related to their PHY characteristics such as frequency pattern and modulation scheme, which are useful for PHY spoofing. In addition, a new metric based on the disentanglement principle is proposed to measure the quality of such learned representations. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the spoofing adversaries highly depends on the subcarriers' allocation patterns. Particularly, it is shown that utilizing a random subcarrier occupancy pattern secures NC-OFDM systems against ML-based attacks.
description: 15 pages; 20 figures; 3 tables; preprint of a paper accepted for publication in IEEE Trans. Cognitive Commun. Netw
Organising yourself for study
Creators: name: Pearson, Amy
name: Sales, Nicola
Publisher: name: University of Salford
Year: 2020
Subjects: classificationCode: 390303
subject: Higher education

description: How do you like to learn? How can
you fit in everything in and meet your deadlines? These questions and more are
answered in this eLearning module.

Format

Articulate
Storyline 3

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the published resource here http://library-files.salford.ac.uk/elearning/uniskills/organising-yourself/story_html5.html

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are free to reuse this eLearning for non-commercial purposes by directing users
to the above URL. If you wish to modify the resource download the .story file
from this site. Refer to the licence for terms of use.

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University of Salford. It is licenced under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.
Multiphase Superconductivity in Skutterudite PrOs_4Sb_12
Creators: name: Maki, K.
name: Won, H.
name: Thalmeier, P.
name: Yuan, Q.
name: Izawa, K.
name: Matsuda, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a model of nodal order parameters for the superconducting A and B - phase of skutterudite PrOs_4Sb_{12} and discuss the associated angular dependent magnetothermal conductivity at low temperatures. The model for the hybrid gap functions \De(k) containing an s- and g- wave parts is consistent with recent thermal conductivity experiments in PrOs_4Sb_12. In particular the model accounts for the data on polar an azimuthal field angle dependence of κ_zz(θ,ϕ). The low temperature behaviour of thermodynamic properties in zero field is also presented. We show that the effect of impurity scattering on a nodal hybrid gap function immediately leads the opening of a gap and related exponential behaviour of low temperature specific heat and thermal conductivity which is very different from d- wave superconductors.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Including virtual photons in strong interactions
Creators: name: Rusetsky, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the perturbative field-theoretical models we investigate the inclusion of the electromagnetic interactions into the purely strong theory that describes hadronic processes. In particular, we study the convention for splitting electromagnetic and strong interactions and the ambiguity of such a splitting. The issue of the interpretation of the parameters of the low-energy effective field theory in the presence of electromagnetic interactions is addressed, as well as the scale and gauge dependence of the effective theory couplings. We hope, that the results of these studies are relevant for the electromagnetic sector of ChPT.
description: Talk presented at the International conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics, June 9-14, 2002, Juelich, Germany
Modulating outcomes of oil drops bursting at a water-air interface
Creators: name: Kulkarni, Varun
name: Tamvada, Suhas
name: Lolla, Venkata Yashasavi
name: Anand, Sushant
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering

description:  Recent studies have shown that capillary waves generated by the bursting of an oil drop at the water–air interface produces a daughter droplet inside the bath, while a part of it floats above it. Successive bursting events produce next generations of daughter droplets, gradually diminishing in size until the entire volume of oil rests atop the water–air interface. In this work, we demonstrate two different ways to modulate this process by modifying the constitution of the drop. First, we introduce hydrophilic clay particles inside the parent oil drop and show that it arrests the cascade of daughter droplet generation preventing it from floating over the water–air interface. Second, we show that bursting behavior can be modified by a compound water–oil–air interface made of a film of oil with finite thickness and design a regime map, which displays each of these outcomes. We underpin both of these demonstrations by theoretical arguments providing criteria to predict outcomes resulting therein. Finally, all our scenarios have a direct relation to control of oil–water separation and stability of emulsified solutions in a wide variety of applications, which include drug delivery, enhanced oil recovery, oil spills, and food processing, where a dispersed oil phase tries to separate from a continuous phase.
Additional file 2 of Cost-effectiveness evaluation of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine for children in Taiwan
Creators: name: Lu, Chun-Yi
name: Ching-Hu Chung
name: Huang, Li-Min
name: Kruger, Eliza
name: Seng-Chuen Tan
name: Xu-Hao Zhang
name: Chiu, Nan-Chang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Focus on the Patient.
My Learning Personality
Creators: name: Pearson, Amy
name: Sales, Nicola
Publisher: name: University of Salford
Year: 2020
Subjects: classificationCode: 390303
subject: Higher education

description: Discover what learning at University is all about, how you like to learn and ideas you can put into practice to boost your learning potential.FormatArticulate Storyline 3View the published resource here http://library-files.salford.ac.uk/elearning/uniskills/learning-personality/story_html5.htmlUsage
You are free to reuse this eLearning for non-commercial purposes by directing users to the above URL. If you wish to modify the resource, download the .story file from this site. Refer to the licence for terms of use.Please include the following attribution on any page which links to or embeds this content or any content derived from it.This content was developed by the Library’s Skills for Learning team at the University of Salford. It is licenced under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.
FUSE Observations of the Magellanic Bridge Gas toward Two Early-Type Stars: Molecules, Physical Conditions, and Relative Abundance
Creators: name: Lehner, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss FUSE observations of two early-type stars, DI1388 and DGIK975, in the low density and low metallicity gas of Magellanic Bridge (MB). Toward DI1388, the FUSE observations show molecular hydrogen, O VI, and numerous other atomic or ionic transitions in absorption, implying the presence of multiple gas phases in a complex arrangement. The relative abundance pattern in the MB is attributed to varying degrees of depletion onto dust similar to that of halo clouds. The N/O ratio is near solar, much higher than N/O in damped Ly-alpha systems, implying subsequent stellar processing to explain the origin of nitrogen in the MB. The diffuse molecular cloud in this direction has a low column density and low molecular fraction. H2 is observed in both the Magellanic Stream and the MB, yet massive stars form only in the MB, implying significantly different physical processes between them. In the MB some of the H2 could have been pulled out from the SMC via tidal interaction, but some also could have formed in situ in dense clouds where star formation might have taken place. Toward DGIK975, the presence of neutral, weakly and highly ionized species suggest that this sight line has also several complex gas phases. The highly ionized species of O VI, C IV, and Si IV toward both stars have very broad features, indicating that multiple components of hot gas at different velocities are present. Several sources (a combination of turbulent mixing layer, conductive heating, and cooling flows) may be contributing to the production of the highly ionized gas in the MB. Finally, this study has confirmed previous results that the high-velocity cloud HVC 291.5-41.2+80 is mainly ionized composed of weakly and highly ions. The high ion ratios are consistent with a radiatively cooling gas in a fountain flow model.
description: Accepted for publication in the ApJ (October 10, 2002). Added reference (Gibson et al. 2000)
Controlling outcomes of oil drops bursting at an air/water interface
Creators: name: Kulkarni, Varun
name: Tamvada, Suhas
name: Lolla, Venkata Yashasavi
name: Anand, Sushant
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering

description: No description supplied
new_title - snapshot
Creators: name: Bogusz Janiak
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: http://eurovoc.europa.eu/3291
subject: http://eurovoc.europa.eu/4107
subject: http://eurovoc.europa.eu/685
subject: http://eurovoc.europa.eu/3931

description: updated_two
description: Research Object in rohub2020: https://w3id.org/ro-id-dev/c1dddb73-a819-4cc5-8d8e-19332c196493
Exact, convergent periodic-orbit expansions of individual energy eigenvalues of regular quantum graphs
Creators: name: Blümel, R.
name: Dabaghian, Y.
name: Jensen, R. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present exact, explicit, convergent periodic-orbit expansions for individual energy levels of regular quantum graphs. One simple application is the energy levels of a particle in a piecewise constant potential. Since the classical ray trajectories (including ray splitting) in such systems are strongly chaotic, this result provides the first explicit quantization of a classically chaotic system.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures
Towards a model of full-sky Galactic synchrotron intensity and linear polarisation: a re-analysis of the Parkes data
Creators: name: Giardino, G.
name: Banday, A. J.
name: Gorski, K. M.
name: Bennett, K.
name: Jonas, J. L.
name: Tauber, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analysed the angular power spectra of the Parkes radio continuum and polarisation survey of the Southern galactic plane at 2.4 GHz. We have found that in the multipole range l=40-250 the angular power spectrum of the polarised intensity is well described by a power-law spectrum with fitted spectral index alpha_L = 2.37 +- 0.21. In the same multipole range the angular power spectra of the E and B components of the polarised signal are significantly flatter, with fitted spectral indices respectively of alpha_E = 1.57 +- 0.12 and alpha_B = 1.45 +- 0.12. Temperature fluctuations in the E and B components are mostly determined by variations in polarisation angle. We have combined these results with other data from available radio surveys in order to produce a full-sky toy model of Galactic synchrotron intensity and linear polarisation at high frequencies (> 10 GHz). This can be used to study the feasibility of measuring the Cosmic Microwave Background polarisation with forthcoming experiments and satellite missions.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Paper with higher quality images available at ftp://astro.esa.int/pub/synchrotron/paper.ps.gz
Quantile Inverse Optimization: Improving Stability in Inverse Linear Programming
Creators: name: Shahmoradi, Zahed
name: Lee, Taewoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Inverse linear programming (LP) has received increasing attention due to its potential to generate efficient optimization formulations that can closely replicate the behavior of a complex system. However, inversely inferred parameters and corresponding forward solutions from the existing inverse LP method can be highly sensitive to noise, errors, and uncertainty in the input data, limiting its applicability in data-driven settings. We introduce the notion of inverse and forward stability in inverse LP and propose a novel inverse LP method that determines a set of objective functions that are stable under data imperfection and generate solutions close to the relevant subset of the data. We formulate the inverse model as a mixed-integer program and elucidate its connection to bi-clique problems, which we exploit to develop efficient heuristics. We also show how this method can be used for online learning. We numerically evaluate the stability of the proposed method and demonstrate its practical use in the diet recommendation and transshipment applications.
How glasses explore configuration space
Creators: name: Franz, Silvio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review a statistical picture of the glassy state derived from the analysis of the off-equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation relations. We define an ultra-long time limit where ``one time quantities'' are close to equilibrium while response and correlation can still display aging. In this limit it is possible to relate the fluctuation-response relation to static breaking of ergodicity. The resulting picture suggests that even far from that limit, the fluctuation-dissipation ratio relates to the rate of growth of the configurational entropy with free-energy density.
description: To appear in the proceedings of the "3rd workshop on non-equilibrium phenomena in supercooled fluids, glasses and amorphous materials" Pisa 22-27 September 2002
Governing the 'immigration nation'. Development, humanitarianism and migration politics in Morocco
Creators: name: Gazzotti, Lorena
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: aid
development
humanitarianism
morocco
borders
sovereignty
migration politics
governance
non-governmental organisations
international organisations
donors

description: A burgeoning body of migration scholarship has scrutinised the role that aid, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and International Organisations (IOs) play in the governance of migration in sending and ‘transit’ countries. Although scholars agree that aid and non-state actors contribute to broader objectives of migration containment, the dynamics through which this happens on the ground are not well understood, mainly because the grounded implementation of these donor- funded projects has received comparatively little attention. This thesis adds to this literature by questioning the rise of ‘Sub-Saharan’ migrants as a category of beneficiaries of the development and humanitarian industry in Morocco. I combine literature on non-state governance, development securitisation and border control to analyse the role played by donors, NGOs and IOs in the regulation of three spheres of migration governance: the politicisation of migration, the implementation of a social policy targeting migrants and refugees, and the regulation of the borderlands. Building on fieldwork in Morocco, I examine how the drive for border control merges with situated dynamics of neoliberalisation and state formation, thus producing localised processes of marginalisation, containment and contestation. I argue that aid-funded actors occupy an ambiguous position in the migration governance puzzle in Morocco. On the one hand, donor-funded NGOs and IOs fulfill an important function of care. In the space left by an “indifferent” Moroccan state, non-state actors palliate the lack of social and humanitarian assistance to migrants and refugees. On the other hand, the origin, working logics and priorities orienting the work of the aid industry are drenched with migration control objectives, rationales and symbolism. These two indissoluble aspects of the migration industry (care and control) merge together and overlap with situated dynamics of neoliberalisation and authoritarian redeployment, feeding a social and political environment producing, reproducing and ‘managing’ the marginalisation of migrant life.
description: Cambridge Trust (Vice Chancellor's Award) and Lucy Cavendish College (Maria Marina Foundation graduate scholarship).
Evaluation of Economic, Land Use, and Land Use Emission Impacts of Substituting Non-GMO Crops for GMO in the US
Creators: name: Taheripour, Farzad
name: Mahaffey, Harry
name: Tyner, Wallace E.
name: Taheripour, Farzad
name: Mahaffey, Harry
name: Tyner, Wallace E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: GMO Crops
subject: Productivity
subject: Computable General Equilibrium
subject: Economic Impacts
subject: Land Use
subject: Land Use Emissions

description: The main objective of this study was to evaluate what would be the economic and environmental consequences of losing the GMO traits in the U.S. for the major crops of corn, soybeans, and cotton. The first step was to obtain from the literature a range of estimates of the yield loses if we move away from GMO traits in the U.S. The second step was to introduce the yield losses obtained in the first step into a well known CGE model, GTAP-BIO, to quantify the land use and economic impacts of banning GMO traits in the U.S. Our analyses confirms that if we do not have access to the GMO technology, a significant amount of land would need to be converted from other crops, cropland pasture, pasture, and forest to meet the global food demand. The land expansion likely is similar to the entire U.S. ethanol program. Furthermore, induced land use emissions were significantly larger that the corresponding figure for corn ethanol. The price changes for corn were as high as 28% and for soybeans as high as 22%. In general, the price increases for the reference and average cases were higher than those observed previously for biofuel shocks. Food price changes in the U.S. amount to $14 - $24 billion per year. As expected, welfare falls both in the U.S. and globally.
On Validating an Astrophysical Simulation Code
Creators: name: Calder, A. C.
name: Fryxell, B.
name: Plewa, T.
name: Rosner, R.
name: Dursi, L. J.
name: Weirs, V. G.
name: Dupont, T.
name: Robey, H. F.
name: Kane, J. O.
name: Remington, B. A.
name: Drake, R. P.
name: Dimonte, G.
name: Zingale, M.
name: Timmes, F. X.
name: Olson, K.
name: Ricker, P.
name: MacNeice, P.
name: Tufo, H. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a case study of validating an astrophysical simulation code. Our study focuses on validating FLASH, a parallel, adaptive-mesh hydrodynamics code for studying the compressible, reactive flows found in many astrophysical environments. We describe the astrophysics problems of interest and the challenges associated with simulating these problems. We describe methodology and discuss solutions to difficulties encountered in verification and validation. We describe verification tests regularly administered to the code, present the results of new verification tests, and outline a method for testing general equations of state. We present the results of two validation tests in which we compared simulations to experimental data. The first is of a laser-driven shock propagating through a multi-layer target, a configuration subject to both Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities. The second test is a classic Rayleigh-Taylor instability, where a heavy fluid is supported against the force of gravity by a light fluid. Our simulations of the multi-layer target experiments showed good agreement with the experimental results, but our simulations of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability did not agree well with the experimental results. We discuss our findings and present results of additional simulations undertaken to further investigate the Rayleigh-Taylor instability.
description: 76 pages, 26 figures (3 color), Accepted for publication in the ApJS
MOESM1 of Notch1 signaling in NOTCH1-mutated mantle cell lymphoma depends on Delta-Like ligand 4 and is a potential target for specific antibody therapy
Creators: name: Silkenstedt, Elisabeth
name: Arenas, Fabian
name: Colom-Sanmartí, Berta
name: Sílvia Xargay-Torrent
name: Higashi, Morihiro
name: Giró, Ariadna
name: Rodriguez, Vanina
name: Fuentes, Patricia
name: Aulitzky, Walter
name: Kuip, Heiko
name: Sílvia Beà
name: Toribio, Maria
name: Campo, Elias
name: Mònica López-Guerra
name: Colomer, Dolors
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Gene sets included in the “Custom MCL” set of genes.
Quantum tomography as a tool for the characterization of optical devices
Creators: name: D'Ariano, G. Mauro
name: Paris, Matteo G. A.
name: De Laurentis, Martina
name: Porzio, Alberto
name: Solimeno, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a novel tool for the quantum characterization of optical devices. The experimental setup involves a stable reference state that undergoes an unknown quantum transformation and is then revealed by balanced homodyne detection. Through tomographic analysis on the homodyne data we are able to characterize the signal and to estimate parameters of the interaction, such as the loss of an optical component, or the gain of an amplifier. We present experimental results for coherent signals, with application to the estimation of losses introduced by simple optical components, and show how these results can be extended to the characterization of more general optical devices.
description: Low quality pictures (too large for the archive). Full version at http://enterprise.unipv.it/~paris
Scale Heterogeneity, Consequentiality, and Willingness-to-Pay for Public Goods: The Case of Beef Choices
Creators: name: Li, Xiaogu
name: Jensen, Kimberly L.
name: Clark, Christopher D.
name: Lambert, Dayton M.
name: Li, Xiaogu
name: Jensen, Kimberly L.
name: Clark, Christopher D.
name: Lambert, Dayton M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: beef
subject: extrinsic attributes
subject: public goods
subject: scale heterogeneity
subject: consequentiality

description: Consumers in the United States spend a large portion of their household food expenditure on beef, as some of them are willing to pay premium for beef products presented with high quality attributes, both taste and non-taste related. This study examines U.S. beef consumer preferences and willingness to pay for non-taste, "extrinsic" attributes that exhibit public benefits, and how they are affected by individual taste and scale heterogeneity. Effects of consumers' beliefs in the consequential effects of their beef choices are also investigated. Results may further understanding of U.S. consumers' perception and acceptance of extrinsic attributes in beef products and public issues such as food safety, climate change and animal welfare.
Non-equilibrium magnetic phases in spin lattices with gain and loss
Creators: name: Huber, Julian
name: Kirton, Peter
name: Rabl, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the magnetic phases of a non-equilibrium spin chain, where coherent interactions between neighboring lattice sites compete with alternating gain and loss processes. This competition between coherent and incoherent dynamics induces transitions between magnetically aligned and highly mixed phases, across which the system changes from a low- to an effective infinite-temperature state. We show that the origin of these transitions can be traced back to the dynamical effect of parity-time-reversal symmetry breaking, which has no counterpart in the theory of equilibrium phase transitions. This mechanism also results in very atypical features and we find first-order transitions without phase co-existence and mixed-order transitions which do not break the underlying $U(1)$ symmetry, even in the appropriate thermodynamic limit. Thus, despite its simplicity, the current model considerably extends the phenomenology of non-equilibrium phase transitions beyond that commonly assumed for driven-dissipative spins and related systems.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
Unsteady Aerodynamics of Wing-Gust Encounters
Creators: name: Corkery, Simon James
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Low Reynolds Number
Wagner
Kussner
Added Mass
Virtual Mass
Gust Encounter

description: Wind gusts can be highly detrimental to the performance of fixed wing aircraft. At low flight speeds, gusts transverse to the lifting surfaces can cause massive changes to the angle of incidence, fluctuations in lift and drag, and result in flight instability. This may be catastrophic for small drones, and hazardous for larger aircraft during take-off and landing. Onboard gust sensing and counter-control is a promising solution, but requires a model of the wing-gust interaction. The problem is that only simple linear models such as Küssner’s theory exist, and the physics of large amplitude wing-gust encounters is unknown. This work is a fundamental study into the physics of such interaction. The aims are to uncover the phenomenon which contribute toward the force response of the wing. In particular, the role of free vortices and added mass are investigated and compared with the conditions modelled within Küssner’s transverse gust theory. Two sets of experiments were conducted using flat plate wing models in a water towing tank. Data was acquired using a combination of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), dye flow visualisation, and force measurements. A novel methodology was also developed to isolate added mass effects from standard resolution PIV. The first experiment involved accelerating the plate in translation and angular directions to validate the added mass extraction methodology, and investigate viscous effects on added mass. The experiments successfully demonstrated both the technique, and that the potential flow added mass solution is valid even for viscous and separated flows. For the second experiment, equipment was constructed to facilitate the generation of a ‘sharp edged’ top-hat shaped gust velocity profile in the towing tank. The wing models were towed through this, thereby replicating a wing-gust encounter. Test cases with gust ratios of 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0, as well as Reynolds numbers from 5,000 to 40,000 were conducted. The results showed that Küssner’s model predicted the force response for each encounter surprisingly well, albeit discrepancies emerged at the higher gust ratios. This was attributed to significant leading edge separation as well as deflection and subsequent roll-up of the gust shear layers. For wing-gust encounters it was shown that the force component attributed to added mass in Küssner’s model is not equivalent to that of an accelerating body, rather it can be attributed to the relative advection of gust shear layer vortices. We call this a ‘non-circulatory vortex force’. A second non-circulatory vortex force was additionally proposed, attributed to the generation of free vortices. This was shown to be responsible for the buoyancy and added mass like force, for cases where a flow field is accelerated past a stationary body.
description: This work was funded by the Cambridge Commonwealth European and International Trust and Schlumberger Limited
New light and shadows on Stephan's Quintet
Creators: name: Gutierrez, C. M.
name: Lopez-Corredoira, M.
name: Prada, F.
name: Eliche, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present deep broad-band R and narrow-band Halpha images of Stephan's Quintet. The observations in the R band show that the diffuse halo of the Stephan's Quintet is larger than previously thought and extends out to NGC 7320C. However, we have not found emission connecting NGC 7331 and NGC 7320 to R ~ 26.7 mag/arcsec^2 (at more than 3-sigma level), so there is no direct evidence up to this limiting magnitude of a relation between the peculiar kinematical structure found in NGC 7331 and an ongoing or past interaction between this galaxy and NGC 7320. The Halpha emission at high-velocity (6000-7000 km/s) is distributed in a diffuse structure running NS between NGC 7319 and NGC 7318B and in some other more concentrated features. Some of these are located in the tidal tails produced by the interaction between the galaxies of the group. With the Halpha images we have made a two-dimensional velocity map which helps to identify the origin of each structure detected. This map does not show features at intermediate velocities between the high- and low-redshift members of the group. This is in agreement with the standard scenario in which the apparent proximity of NGC 7320 to the rest of the galaxies of the Quintet is merely a projection effect. The only point which is unclear in this interpretation, is an Halpha filament which is seen extending throughout NGC 7320 with velocity at 6500 km/s instead of the 800 km/s expected for this galaxy.
description: Accepted for publication in Astrophys. J
Effective density for inhomogeneous quadratic forms I: generic forms and fixed shifts
Creators: name: Ghosh, Anish
name: Kelmer, Dubi
name: Yu, Shucheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We establish effective versions of Oppenheim's conjecture for generic inhomogeneous quadratic forms. We prove such results for fixed shift vectors and generic quadratic forms. When the shift is rational we prove a counting result which implies the optimal density for values of generic inhomogeneous forms. We also obtain a similar density result for fixed irrational shifts satisfying an explicit Diophantine condition. The main technical tool is a formula for the second moment of Siegel transforms on certain congruence quotients of $\operatorname{SL}_n(\mathbb{R})$ which we believe to be of independent interest. In a sequel, we use different techniques to treat the companion problem concerning generic shifts and fixed quadratic forms.
description: 28 pages; corrected an error in the second moment formula in Theorem 2.1 and simplified the proof; added an alternative proof to the second moment formula in Theorem 3.2 following suggestions of a referee
The Distance Scale of Planetary Nebulae
Creators: name: Bensby, T.
name: Lundström, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By collecting distances from the literature, a set of 73 planetary nebulae with mean distances of high accuracy is derived. This sample is used for recalibration of the mass-radius relationship, used by many statistical distance methods. An attempt to correct for a statistical peculiarity, where errors in the distances influences the mass--radius relationship by increasing its slope, has been made for the first time. Distances to PNe in the Galactic Bulge, derived by this new method as well as other statistical methods from the last decade, are then used for the evaluation of these methods as distance indicators. In order of achieving a Bulge sample that is free from outliers we derive new criteria for Bulge membership. These criteria are much more stringent than those used hitherto, in the sense that they also discriminate against background objects. By splitting our Bulge sample in two, one with optically thick (small) PNe and one with optically thin (large) PNe, we find that our calibration is of higher accuracy than most other calibrations. Differences between the two subsamples, we believe, are due to the incompleteness of the Bulge sample, as well as the dominance of optical diameters in the ``thin'' sample and radio diameters in the ``thick'' sample. Our final conclusion is that statistical methods give distances that are at least as accurate as the ones obtained from many individual methods. Also, the `long' distance scale of Galactic PNe is confirmed.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Additional file 1 of Middle-aged Lebanese women’s interpretation of sexual difficulties: a qualitative inquiry
Creators: name: Azar, Mathilde
name: Bradbury-Jones, Caroline
name: Kroll, Thilo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1. Topic guide of the individual and focus group interviews with women.
An exploration of some aspects of molecular replacement in macromolecular crystallography
Creators: name: Mifsud, Richard William
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: macromolecular crystallography
protein
x-ray crystallography
x-ray
x ray
phaser
phenix
phenix.guess_molecular_centres
NCS
non-crystallographic symmetry

description: This thesis reports work in three areas of X-ray crystallography. An initial chapter describes the structure of a protein, the methods based on the use of X-rays and computer analysis of diffraction patterns to determine crystal structure, and the subsequent derivation of the structure of part or all of a protein molecule. Work to determine the structure of the protein cytokine receptor-like factor 3 (CRLF3) leading to the successful generation of a structural model of a significant part of this molecule is then described in Chapter 2. A variety of techniques had to be deployed to complete this work, and the steps undertaken are described. Analysis was performed principally using phaser, using maximum likelihood methods. Areas for improvement in generating non-crystallographic symmetry (NCS) operators in existing programmes were identified and new and modified algorithms implemented and tested. Searches based on improved single sphere algorithms, and a new two-sphere approach, are reported. These methods showed improvements in many cases and are available for future use. In Chapter 4, work on determining the relative importance of low resolution and high intensity data in molecular replacement solutions is described. This work has shown that high intensity data are more important than the low resolution data, dispelling a common perception and helping in experimental design.
description: Welcome Trust funded PhD with a travel fellowship from Instruct
What is the Social Value of Second Generation Biofuels?
Creators: name: Hertel, Thomas W
name: Steinbuks, Jevgenijs
name: Tyner, Wallace E.
name: Hertel, Thomas W
name: Steinbuks, Jevgenijs
name: Tyner, Wallace E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Land Economics/Use
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: What are second generation (2G) biofuel technologies worth to global society? A dynamic, economic model is used to assess the impact on crops, livestock, biofuels, forestry, and environmental services, as well as GHG emissions of introducing 2G biofuels technology. Under baseline conditions, this to amounts to $64.2 billion at today’s population or an increase of roughly 0.3% in the valuation of the world’s land resources. Under GHG regulation this global valuation more than doubles, whereas a flat energy price scenario essentially eliminates the value of 2G technology to society.
The urgent need for newer drugs in routine HIV treatment in Africa: the case of Ghana
Creators: name: Appiedu-Addo, Sekyibea Nana Ama
name: Appeaning, Mark
name: Magomere, Edwin
name: Ansa, Gloria Akosua
name: Bonney, Evelyn Yayra
name: Quashie, Peter Kojo
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: Infectious Disease
subject: Infectious Disease

description: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has tremendously improved the quality of life of people living with HIV (PLWH). Through rigorous scientific research and development, newer, more effective, and less toxic antiretrovirals (ARVs) have been developed and are available to PLWH in high-income countries (HICs). Although Africa accounts for more than two-thirds of the global burden of HIV/AIDS, this large population does not readily have access to these newer and more effective ARVs. In some instances, new ARVs become available to PLWH in Africa over a decade after they have been approved for use by the Food and Drug Authorities (FDAs) in HICs. Since 2010, 35 new drug entities have been approved; of those, only 3 are in common use in Ghana and most of Sub-Saharan Africa. To achieve the 2030 goal of ending HIV/AIDS as a global health epidemic, it is critical to ensure equity in access to newer and effective ARVs across all regions, including Africa, where the majority of PLWH reside. We highlight here the urgent need to make newer ARVs available in Africa to ensure the realization of the Global End AIDS by 2030 goal.
Spin-resolved off-specular neutron scattering from magnetic domain walls using the polarized $^3He$ gas spin filter
Creators: name: Radu, F.
name: Vorobiev, A.
name: Major, J.
name: Humblot, H.
name: Westerholt, K.
name: Zabel, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the use of the polarized $^3$He gas filter and neutron resonant enhancement techniques for the measurement of spin-polarized diffuse neutron scattering due to ferromagnetic domains. A CoO/Co exchange biased bilayer was grown on a Ti/Cu/$Al_2O_3$ neutron resonator template. The system is cooled in an applied magnetic field of $H_a=2000$ Oe through the Néel temperature of the antiferromagnet to 10 K where the applied magnetic field is swept as to measure the magnetic hysteresis loop. After the second magnetization reversal at the coercive field $H_{c2}=+ 230$ Oe, the system is supposed to approach the original magnetic configuration. In order to prove that this is not the case for our exchange biased bilayer, we have measured four off-specular maps I++, I+-, I-+, I-- at $H_a \approx + 370$ Oe, where the Co magnetic spins were mostly reversed. They show a striking behavior in the total reflection region: while the nonspin-flip scattering exhibits no diffuse reflectivity, the spin-flip scattering shows strong diffuse scattering at incident angles which satisfy the resonance conditions. Moreover the spin-flip off-specular part of the reflectivity is asymmetric. The I-+ intensity occurs at higher exit angles than the specularly reflected neutrons, and the I+- intensity is shifted to lower angles. Their intensities are noticeably different and there is a splitting of the resonance positions for the up and down neutron spins ($α_{n} ^{+} \ne α_{n} ^{-}$) . Additionally, a strong influence of the stray fields from magnetic domains to the resonance splitting is observed.
Compressing 3DCNNs Based on Tensor Train Decomposition
Creators: name: Wang, Dingheng
name: Zhao, Guangshe
name: Li, Guoqi
name: Deng, Lei
name: Wu, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Three dimensional convolutional neural networks (3DCNNs) have been applied in many tasks, e.g., video and 3D point cloud recognition. However, due to the higher dimension of convolutional kernels, the space complexity of 3DCNNs is generally larger than that of traditional two dimensional convolutional neural networks (2DCNNs). To miniaturize 3DCNNs for the deployment in confining environments such as embedded devices, neural network compression is a promising approach. In this work, we adopt the tensor train (TT) decomposition, a straightforward and simple in situ training compression method, to shrink the 3DCNN models. Through proposing tensorizing 3D convolutional kernels in TT format, we investigate how to select appropriate TT ranks for achieving higher compression ratio. We have also discussed the redundancy of 3D convolutional kernels for compression, core significance and future directions of this work, as well as the theoretical computation complexity versus practical executing time of convolution in TT. In the light of multiple contrast experiments based on VIVA challenge, UCF11, and UCF101 datasets, we conclude that TT decomposition can compress 3DCNNs by around one hundred times without significant accuracy loss, which will enable its applications in extensive real world scenarios.
description: Accepted by Neural Networks. Please see the final version by the DOI below
Stability of strange quark matter: model dependence
Creators: name: Alberico, W. M.
name: Ratti, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The minimum energy per baryon number of strange quark matter is studied, as a function of the strangeness fraction, in the MIT bag model and in two different versions of the Color Dielectric Model: a comparison is made with the hyperon masses having the same strangeness fraction, and coherently calculated within both models. Calculations are carried out in mean field approximation, with one gluon exchange corrections. The results allow to discuss the model dependence of the stability of strangelets: they can be stable in the MIT bag model and in the double minimum version of the Color Dielectric Model, while the single minimum version of the Color Dielectric Model excludes this possibility.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, Talk given at CRIS 2002, 4th Catania Relativistic Ion Studies, Exotic Clustering, June 10-14, 2002
Additional file 1 of Causal relationship of CA3 back-projection to the dentate gyrus and its role in CA1 fast ripple generation
Creators: name: Núñez-Ochoa, Miguel A.
name: Chiprés-Tinajero, Gustavo A.
name: González-Domínguez, Nadia P.
name: Medina-Ceja, Laura
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Representative images obtained by NeuN immunofluorescence in both sham (n = 3) and epileptic groups (n = 4) in dentate gyrus (DG, sham: 630 ± 31.2, epileptic: 447.5 ± 18.3, T-test *** p
Deep XMM-Newton observations of the northern disk of M31 II: Tracing the hot interstellar medium
Creators: name: Kavanagh, Patrick J.
name: Sasaki, Manami
name: Breitschwerdt, Dieter
name: de Avillez, Miguel A.
name: Filipovic, Miroslav D.
name: Galvin, Timothy
name: Haberl, Frank
name: Hatzidimitriou, Despina
name: Henze, Martin
name: Plucinsky, Paul P.
name: Saeedi, Sara
name: Sokolovsky, Kirill V.
name: Williams, Benjamin F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: We use new deep XMM-Newton observations of the northern disk of M 31 to trace the hot interstellar medium (ISM) in unprecedented detail and to characterise the physical properties of the X-ray emitting plasmas. Methods: We used all XMM-Newton data up to and including our new observations to produce the most detailed image yet of the hot ISM plasma in a grand design spiral galaxy such as our own. We compared the X-ray morphology to multi-wavelength studies in the literature to set it in the context of the multi-phase ISM. We performed spectral analyses on the extended emission using our new observations as they offer sufficient depth and count statistics to constrain the plasma properties. Data from the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury were used to estimate the energy injected by massive stars and their supernovae. We compared these results to the hot gas properties. Results: The brightest emission regions were found to be correlated with populations of massive stars, notably in the 10 kpc star-forming ring. The plasma temperatures in the ring regions are ~0.2 keV up to ~0.6 keV. We suggest this emission is hot ISM heated in massive stellar clusters and superbubbles. We derived X-ray luminosities, densities, and pressures for the gas in each region. We also found large extended emission filling low density gaps in the dust morphology of the northern disk, notably between the 5 kpc and 10 kpc star-forming rings. We propose that the hot gas was heated and expelled into the gaps by the populations of massive stars in the rings. Conclusions. It is clear that the massive stellar populations are responsible for heating the ISM to X-ray emitting temperatures, filling their surroundings, and possibly driving the hot gas into the low density regions. Overall, the morphology and spectra of the hot gas in the northern disk of M 31 is similar to other galaxy disks.
description: 23 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics