cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Risk preferences implied by synthetic options
Creators: name: Dew-Becker, Ian
name: Giglio, Stefano
name: Bloom, Nicholas
name: Davis, Steven
name: Fernandez-Villaverde, Jesus
name: Liu, Zheng
name: Sun, Bo
name: Xu, Nancy
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: Risks
CAPM
hedging
equity index options
Stock returns

description: The historical returns on equity index options are well-known to be strikingly negative. That is typically explained either by investors having convex marginal utility over stock returns (e.g., crash/variance aversion) or by intermediaries demanding a premium for hedging risk. This paper examines the consistency of those explanations with returns on dynamically replicated, or synthetic, options. Theoretically, it derives conditions under which convex marginal utility leads synthetic options to also have negative excess returns. Empirically, synthetic options have never earned significantly negative CAPM alphas, in stark contrast to exchange-traded options. Over the last 15 years, returns on true options have converged to those on synthetic options while various drivers of the cost and risk of hedging options exposures have shrunk, consistent with a model in which intermediaries drive option prices.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 10326.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 30.03.1927, erstellt von William Otto Brunner
Creators: name: Eidgenössische Sternwarte in Zürich (ETH Zürich bzw. vor 1911 Polytechnikum)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1927

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Kern-Merz-Refraktor.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Zugeordnete numerische Werte wurden in einer separat geführten, chronologischen Tabelle erfasst. Unter Umständen sind tabellarisch notierte Werte, die für Protuberanzen mit rot geschrieben wurden (zum Teil Doppelbeobachtungen), direkt auf der Fleckenzeichnung vermerkt
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Fano resonance from a one-dimensional topological photonic crystal
Creators: name: Gu, Linpeng
name: Wang, Binbin
name: Yuan, Qingchen
name: Fang, Liang
name: Zhao, Qiang
name: Gan, Xuetao
name: Zhao, Jianlin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An ultra-compact one-dimensional topological photonic crystal (1D-TPC) is designed in a single mode silicon bus-waveguide to generate Fano resonance lineshape. The Fano resonance comes from the interference between the discrete topological boundary state of the 1D-TPC and the continuum high-order leaky mode of the bus-waveguide. Standalone asymmetric Fano resonance lineshapes are obtained experimentally in the waveguide transmission spectrum with a maximum extinction ratio of 33 dB and a slope ratio of 10 dB/nm over a broadband flat background.
KPZ fluctuations in finite volume
Creators: name: Prolhac, Sylvain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: These lecture notes, adapted from the habilitation thesis of the author, survey in a first part various exact results obtained in the past few decades about KPZ fluctuations in one dimension, with a special focus on finite volume effects describing the relaxation to its stationary state of a finite system starting from a given initial condition. The second part is more specifically devoted to an approach allowing to express in a simple way the statistics of the current in the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process in terms of a contour integral on a compact Riemann surface, whose infinite genus limit leads to KPZ fluctuations in finite volume.
description: Adapted from the habilitation thesis of the author. 99 pages, 25 figures, 605 references
Intermediary Balance Sheets and the Treasury Yield Curve
Creators: name: Li, Wenhao
name: Du, Wenxin
name: Hébert, Benjamin
name: Judd, Kenneth
name: Pohl, Walter
name: Schmedders, Karl
name: Wilms, Ole
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: Treasury yield curve
Balance sheet
Treasury market
Treasury bonds
Global Financial Crisis

description: We document a regime change in the U.S. Treasury market post-Global Financial Crisis (GFC): dealers switched from net short to net long Treasury bonds. Consistent with this change, we derive “net-long” and “net-short” Treasury curves that account for dealers’ balance sheet costs, and show that actual Treasury yields moved from the net short curve pre-GFC to the net long curve post-GFC. This regime change helps explain negative swap spreads post-GFC and the co-movement among swap spreads, dealer Treasury positions, yield curve slope, and covered interest-parity violations, and implies changing effects for a wide range of monetary and regulatory policy interventions.
Secondary cosmic-ray nuclei in the Galactic halo model with nonlinear Landau damping
Creators: name: Chernyshov, D. O.
name: Ivlev, A. V.
name: Dogiel, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employed our recent model of the cosmic-ray (CR) halo to compute the Galactic spectra of stable and unstable secondary nuclei. In this model, confinement of the Galactic CRs is entirely determined by the self-generated Alfvenic turbulence whose spectrum is controlled by nonlinear Landau damping. We analyzed the physical parameters affecting propagation characteristics of CRs and estimated the best set of free parameters providing accurate description of available observational data. We also show that agreement with observations at lower energies may be further improved by taking into account the effect of ion-neutral damping that operates near the Galactic disk.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures. Published in A&A. Updated to match the published version
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 10372.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 23.05.1927, erstellt von William Otto Brunner
Creators: name: Eidgenössische Sternwarte in Zürich (ETH Zürich bzw. vor 1911 Polytechnikum)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1927

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Kern-Merz-Refraktor.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Zugeordnete numerische Werte wurden in einer separat geführten, chronologischen Tabelle erfasst. Unter Umständen sind tabellarisch notierte Werte, die für Protuberanzen mit rot geschrieben wurden (zum Teil Doppelbeobachtungen), direkt auf der Fleckenzeichnung vermerkt
description: ETH-Bibliothek
The Debt-Inflation Channel of the German Hyperinflation
Creators: name: Brunnermeier, Markus
name: Correia, Sergio
name: Luck, Stephan
name: Verner, Emil
name: Zimmermann, Tom
name: Bianchi, Francesco
name: Krishnamurthy, Arvind
name: Nico Lustig, Hanno
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: Debt
Inflation
Hyperinflation
Liabilities

description: This paper studies how a large increase in the price level is transmitted to the real economy through firm balance sheets. Using newly digitized macro- and micro-level data from the German inflation of 1919-1923, we show that inflation led to a large reduction in real debt burdens and bankruptcies. Firms with higher nominal liabilities at the onset of inflation experienced a larger decline in interest expenses, a relative increase in their equity values, and higher employment during the inflation. The results are consistent with real effects of a debt-inflation channel that operates even when prices and wages are flexible.
title: Charakteristika von berufstätigen Personen mit Schmerzen insbesondere im Bereich der Wirbelsäule und deren Auswirkungen auf die Bewältigung des täglichen Lebens
Creators: name: Czupak, Alicja
Year: 2011

description: Ziel der Arbeit ist,die Einschränkungen bei erwerbstätigen Personen,die unter Rückenschmerzen leiden und dadurch eine verminderte Lebensqualität aufzeigen,zu erforschen.
description: The aim of the following thesis is to give an understanding of the importance of that disease to ist´s readers. Due to that it was my concern to research and show the limitation of a working person`s life quality who suffers from back pain.
Reallocation and the (In)efficiency of Exit in the U.S. Nursing Home Industry
Creators: name: Olenski, Andrew
name: Cuesta, Jose Ignacio
name: Einav, Liran
name: Illanes, Gaston
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Health care
subject: Nursing home patients
subject: Medicaid

description: This paper examines the impacts of health care provider exits on patient outcomes and subsequent reallocation. Using administrative data on the universe of nursing home patients, I estimate the mortality effects of 1,109 nursing home closures on incumbent residents with a matched difference-in-differences approach. I find that displaced residents face a short-run 15.7% relative increase in their mortality risk. Yet this increase is offset by long-run survival improvements, so the cumulative effect inclusive of the initial spike is a net decline in mortality risk. These gains are driven by patients reallocating to higher quality providers. I also find significant heterogeneity by local market conditions: the survival gains accrue only to patients in competitive nursing home markets, whereas residents in concentrated markets experience no survival improvements. I then develop and estimate a dynamic model of the nursing home industry with endogenous exit. Combining the model estimates with the mortality results, I examine the effects of counterfactual reimbursement policy experiments on nursing home closures and resident life expectancy. A universal 10% increase in the Medicaid rate decreases the frequency of closures but causes some low-quality providers to remain open in competitive areas. In contrast, targeted subsidies for facilities in areas with limited alternatives improve overall life expectancy by averting the costliest nursing home closures.
INTELLEKTUAL SALOHIYATLI YOSHLAR – SOHA TARAQQIYOTI KAFOLATI
Creators: name: Majidov, Murodjon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Yаngi O‘zbekistondа mаdаniyаt vа sаn’аt sohаsining Uсhinсhi Renessаns poydevorini yаrаtishdаgi аhаmiyаti g‘oyatda kattadir. Ijodiy sohada Yаngi O‘zbеkiston bunyodkorlаri bo‘lgаn yoshlаrgа berilаyotgаn imkoniyаtlаr yoshlаrgа oid dаvlаt siyosаtining mаqsаdlаridan biri. Shu sabab, yoshlar bilan ishlashish doimo dolzarb ahamiyatga ega jarayon hisoblanadi.
Five Facts about MPCs: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment
Creators: name: Jaravel, Xavier
name: Boehm, Johannes
name: Fize, Etienne
name: Auclert, Adrien
name: Bocola, Luigi
name: Mitman, Kurt
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Marginal Propensity to Consume
subject: Randomized Controlled Trial
subject: Helicopter Money
subject: Negative Interest Rates

description: We conduct a randomized controlled trial to study the consumption response of French households to unanticipated one-time money transfers of 300 Euros. Using prepaid debit cards, we consider three implementation designs: (i) a transfer without restrictions; (ii) a transfer where any unspent value expires after three weeks; (iii) a transfer subject to a 10% negative interest rate every week. We observe participants’ main bank accounts, such that we can compute the impact of the transfer on their overall spending. We establish five facts about MPCs in this setting. First, we find that participants in the baseline treatment group have an average marginal propensity to consume (MPC) of 22 percent over one month. Second, we find that implementation design matters: the MPC is substantially higher for treatment groups where any remaining balance becomes unusable after three weeks (60%) or where remaining balances are subject to the 10% negative interest rate every week (36%). Third, we document that the cumulative consumption responses are concentrated in the first weeks following the transfer and are flat thereafter. Fourth, we find that there is significant MPC heterogeneity by observed household characteristics, including by liquid wealth, current income, proxies for permanent income, gender, and age. Fifth, we estimate the unconditional distribution of MPCs across households and find that a large fraction of households have high MPCs. These facts are difficult to reconcile with the consumption response in standard Heterogeneous Agent New Keynesian (HANK) models. Furthermore, we observe that households in the treatment groups with a short expiry date or a negative interest rate frequently use other means of payment while still having a sufficient balance on the prepaid card to cover their expenses, indicating that participants see money as non-fungible. Our finding that households consume more when presented with an urgent spending need lends support to theories where the salience of treatments affects economic choices. We conclude that the implementation design and the targeting of transfers can greatly alter the effectiveness of short-run stimulus policies.
Adrien Kohler (1864-1918) als Präsident der Société jurassienne d'Emulation sowie Gustav Amweg (1874-1944), Sekretär, an Louis Rollier (1859-1931)
Creators: name: Kohler, Adrien
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1911

description: Brief aus Porrentruy.
Zusätzlich darauf vermerkt: Notiz zur Beantwortung am 3.12.1911 von Louis Rollier
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Optimal Information and Security Design
Creators: name: Tsoy, Anton
name: Inostroza, Nicolas
name: Skrzypacz, Andrzej
name: Sugaya, Takuo
name: Ramos, João
name: Bardhi, Arjada
name: Board, Simon
name: Madsen, Erik
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: Asymmetric information
Information design
Security design

description: An asset owner designs an asset-backed security and a signal about its value. After privately observing the signal, he sells the security to the monopolistic liquidity supplier. Any optimal signal structure guarantees the security sale and commits the issuer not to learn too positive private information about the security value. The optimal security design is pure equity – the most informationally sensitive security. It is risky debt under additional liquidity requirements akin to Basel III regulation. Thus, the standard intuition behind debt optimality as the least informationally sensitive security holds only under additional restrictions (e.g., regulatory) on security or information design.
VERGA A SCUOLA, TRA GRAMMATICHE E ANTOLOGIE
Creators: name: De Blasi, Margherita
Publisher: name: Italiano LinguaDue
Year: 2018

description: Verga entra nei programmi scolastici un anno dopo la sua morte, nel 1923. Il presente intervento intende offrire una prima ricognizione sui modi e i tempi di ingresso di Verga nelle grammatiche e nelle antologie scolastiche, attraverso l’ausilio di alcuni esempi, che metteranno in luce le differenti motivazioni alla base dell’uso degli scritti verghiani. Si terrà conto anche delle riflessioni di Croce che hanno avuto enormi riflessi sulle scelte antologiche successive, contribuendo alla creazione dell’immagine di Verga, tuttora presente nelle scuole (e nelle università), di uno scrittore la cui lingua non va analizzata in senso stretto per dare spazio al piacere della lettura. Nelle grammatiche, invece, sono spesso invece state sottolineate alcune particolarità dello stile di Verga (anche per prenderne tacitamente le distanze), accentuando lo scarto tra le scelte di Verga e le soluzioni aderenti alla norma.

Verga at school, from grammar books to anthologies

Verga began being included in school programs a year after his death, in 1923. This paper intends to offer an initial survey on Verga’s entry into school grammar books and anthologies thanks to a number of examples meant to highlight the different motivations behind the use of Verghian writings. The paper considers the enormous repercussions that Croce’s reflections had on subsequent anthological choices and how they have contributed to creating the image of Verga that still prevails in schools (and universities) as an author whose language should not be analyzed in the strict sense, giving space to the pleasure of reading. In grammar books, on the other hand, some peculiarities of Verga’s style have often been underlined (with the aim of keeping them at a distance), in order to emphasize the gap between Verga’s choices and solutions complying with the norm.
description: Italiano LinguaDue, V. 10, N. 1 (2018)
Job Search and Matching by Race and Gender
Creators: name: Lessem, Rebecca
name: Miller, Robert
name: Jarosch, Gregor
name: Sorkin, Isaac
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Race
subject: Gender
subject: Job Search
subject: Hiring process

description: In this project, we use data from a large firm that provided information on all job applications as well as labor market outcomes within the firm over a 5 year period. Careful analysis of the data shows that African Americans and women engage in more overt job search activity within the organization than Caucasian males, attain shorter tenure on each job, and experience slower wage growth. We also see that African Americans are less likely to be interviewed for a position, although we do not see any differences with race for hiring probabilities conditional on being interviewed. To explain these empirical patterns, we develop and estimate a model of two sided search and matching, in which positions become vacant when the current occupant of the job leaves, the firm begins a search process by advertising the position, and workers employed both inside and outside the organization apply for the newly vacated position.The applicants are culled during a hiring process that lead both parties to become more informed about the potential job match with each applicant. After estimating the model, we will use counterfactuals to understand more about the differences in the search and matching process across racial  and gender groups, as well as how that affects wage outcomes. First, we know in the data that the durations that people stay in a job differs by race and gender. Our counterfactuals can analyze how large of a role these durations play in the hiring process. Second, we can study how outcomes would change if the hiring committee is forced to interview more or fewer candidates. This can help to understand how institutional restrictions will affect the likelihood that an individual is offered a position.
“QUESTIONI D’ABBICCÌ”: PRESENTAZIONI E RAPPRESENTAZIONI DEL SISTEMA ALFABETICO ITALIANO FRA OTTOCENTO E NOVECENTO
Creators: name: Revelli, Luisa
Publisher: name: Italiano LinguaDue
Year: 2018

description: L’inventario grafematico ricevuto in eredità dalla lingua latina ha conquistato tardivamente in ambito italiano un proprio assetto definitivo: la soltanto parziale biunivocità tra segni e suoni e la presenza di simboli polivalenti, incongrui o ridondanti, hanno impedito fino al XX secolo che l’identificazione delle lettere dell’alfabeto risultasse codificata in modo stabile e condiviso. A partire da questi presupposti, il contributo si propone di analizzare le modalità attraverso le quali le informazioni relative a denominazione, genere, numero e statuto dei grafemi italiani sono presentate e definite all’interno di un ampio corpus di testi scolastici destinati alla prima alfabetizzazione (grammatiche e sillabari) stampati o ristampati tra la seconda metà dell’Ottocento e il primo ventennio del Novecento. Obiettivo finale è di verificare se e in che misura le rappresentazioni veicolate attraverso l’insegnamento scolare possano, agendo dal basso e attraverso schematizzazioni motivate da esigenze didascaliche, aver contribuito nel periodo considerato alla definitiva configurazione del paradigma dell’inventario grafematico con effetti a livelli anche più profondi di quello meramente alfabetico-ortografico.

A, B, C… : 19th and 20th century presentatons and representations of the Italian alphabetic system

The graphemic inventory inherited from Latin has only recently taken on its definitive structure in Italy: the only partial biunivocal relationship between symbols and sounds and the presence of multipurpose, incongruous or redundant symbols prevented the stable and shared identification of the letters of the alphabet until the 20th century. Starting from these assumptions, this paper investigates how information concerning designation, gender, number, status of Italian graphemes are presented and defined within an extensive corpus of school textbooks intended for basic literacy (grammar and spelling books) printed or reprinted between the 1850s and the 1920s. The final goal is to verify whether and how much these ideas spread through school contributed, from the bottom-up and based on didactic needs, to configuring the graphemic inventory during the considered period, with much deeper effects than merely alphabetic-orthographical ones.
description: Italiano LinguaDue, V. 10, N. 1 (2018)
title: Subversive Blicke
Creators: name: Thalwitzer, Mario Tadzio
Year: 2011

description: Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der kulturellen und sozialen Konstruktion von Blickbeziehungen; genauer gesagt wie die Kategorie Geschlecht innerhalb dieser Blickbeziehungen verhandelt wird. Dabei sind die Rollenzuschreibungen bezüglich Männlichkeit und Weiblichkeit keineswegs „zufällig“: Es handelt sich um keine neue Erkenntnis, dass dem Mann die Rolle des aktiven Betrachters zukommt, während die Frau zum passiven Bildobjekt (gemacht) wird. Das erste Kapitel widmet sich der Nachzeichnung dieses historischen Prozesses, seiner Kontinuitäten und Brüche. Aufgrund der fortbestehenden patriarchalen Ordnung, folgen die Blickbeziehungen über die Jahrhunderte – erste Beispiele finden sich in der Antike – trotz aller kulturellen und sozialen Wandel dem gleichen Schema. Der Hauptanspruch meiner Arbeit war jedoch die Möglichkeit eine (feministische) Umkehr dieser Blickbeziehung aufzuzeigen und zu untersuchen. Hierbei beziehe ich auf zwei Theorieapparate. Zum einen, die Blicktheorie des französischen Psychoanalytikers Jaques Lacan, und zum anderen die poststrukturalistische Sprachkritik. Die Blicktheorie Lacans, ausführlich besprochen im zweiten Kapitel, ermöglicht es den Blick, als Blick von außen und als Teil des Prozesses, welcher das Subjekt konstituiert, zu denken. Der zweite Theoriestrang, mit dem sich das dritte Kapitel auseinandersetzt, bezieht sich auf die poststrukturalistische Sprachkritik von J.L.Austin bis Judith Butler. Es ist ein Versuch den Blick als Handlung zu verstehen und so das breite Feld der Sprachtheorie für das Feld des Sehens zu erschließen.Den Blick als Handlung zu verstehen scheint auf den ersten Blick in einem unauflöslichen Widerspruch zu der Theorie Lacans zu stehen, der ja den Blick immer als Blick von außen liest. Eine Wendung die Kaja Silverman der Lacan’schen Theorie gibt führt die beiden Modelle jedoch harmonisch zusammen und so bildet das vierte Kapitel ein Schanier zwischen den beiden vorangegangenen. Weiters bespreche ich im vierten Kapitel die Möglichkeit des (titelgebenden) Blickes aus dem Bild, der sowohl ein künstlerisches Mittel in der Darstellung ist, als auch eine feministische Strategie den Objektstatus – die Frau als Bild – zu überkommen darstellt. Im fünften und letzten Kapitel wird dies schließlich ausführlich anhand von Beispielen dargelegt. Die besprochenen Werke stammen Großteils aus einer feministischen Kunsttradition und sind zwischen 1969, dem Beginn der zweiten Frauenbewegung, und heute entstanden.
Emilie Mühlberg an Louis Rollier (1859-1931)
Creators: name: Mühlberg, Emilie
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1903

description: Brief ohne Ortsangabe, mit der Bitte um einen Beitrag für einen weihnächtlichen Freundschaftskalender für ihren Sohn Max Mühlberg, der nach 1903 als Ölgeologe u.a. in Galizien tätig war.
Zusätzlich darauf vermerkt: Notiz von Louis Rollier
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Context-dependent Perceptions and Decision Making
Creators: name: Wu, Keyu
name: Bernheim, Douglas
name: Beshears, John
name: Crawford, Vincent
name: Laibson, David
name: Malmendier, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: Information perception
Contextual information
Attractiveness of products
Decisions

description: All choices are based on information about the available options. A large body of research documents, however, that the same information is often perceived and evaluated differently depending on the prevailing context. Moreover, seemingly identical contextual information, such as previously seen products or job applicants, have been shown to exert opposing influences on perceptions of the same information about a “target” product or job applicant. Inspired by insights from neuroscience and psychophysics, I propose a unifying framework that can parsimoniously reconcile the seemingly contradictory influences of contextual information. This framework generates a novel set of predictions for how properties of the contextual information and the target, such as the perceived uncertainty in both and the perceived discrepancy between them, can be manipulated to affect perceptions and decisions. Because of the generality of perceptual regularities, the framework yields testable implications for a wide range of decision domains, such as the perceived attractiveness of products and services, the evaluation of job applicants, the perceived acceptability of wages, or the perceived trustworthiness of politicians. In addition, based on an experiment on risky investment decisions, I document how decisions can be changed as predicted by the framework through appropriately manipulating several properties of tthe context and the target.
TERMINOLOGIA METALINGUISTICA NELLA GRAMMATICOGRAFIA E NELLE PRATICHE SCOLASTICHE POSTUNITARIE
Creators: name: Revelli, Luisa
Publisher: name: Italiano LinguaDue
Year: 2018

description: La discontinuità diacronica e l’eterogeneità sincronica che caratterizzano il metalinguaggio grammaticale impiegato come lingua di lavoro nella didattica della lingua italiana si motivano in relazione al variare dei modelli teorici adottati per illustrare concetti, categorie, nozioni descrittive del sistema linguistico, ma anche in rapporto all’adattamento degli stessi a specifici obiettivi didattici, ai differenti bisogni educativi e ai diversi pubblici di riferimento. In questa prospettiva e con riferimento al segmento dell’alfabetizzazione primaria del primo cinquantennio postunitario, evidenti elementi di discontinuità emergono dal confronto comparativo fra la terminologia citata nelle indicazioni programmatiche nazionali, quella proposta dalla manualistica scolastica e quella documentata nelle prassi di didattica della grammatica concretamente messe in atto, analizzate attraverso quaderni di scuola relativi all’epoca considerata. Attraverso un approccio quali-quantitativo, ovvero tenendo in cauta considerazione anche alcuni aspetti legati alla frequenza delle occorrenze di singoli logonimi tipici del vocabolario metalinguistico, il contributo si propone quindi di verificare se, in che termini e in quale tipologia di fonti relative al periodo e al segmento educativo preso in esame sia effettivamente rilevabile la tendenza all’esuberanza nomenclatoria ritenuta tipica dell’insegnamento grammaticale tradizionale.

Metalinguistic terminology in grammaticography and post-unity school practices

The diachronic discontinuity and the synchronic heterogeneity that characterize the grammatical meta-language adopted as a “work language” in Italian language teaching are based on the change of theoretical models adopted to explain ideas, categories, descriptive notions of the linguistic system. They are also adapted to specific objectives in didactics, educational needs and different target audiences. In this perspective, in particular when focusing on basic literacy during the first 50 years after Italian Unity, undeniable elements of discontinuity emerge. We compare the terminology in national education program indications with that used in schoolbooks or in the classroom, analyzed thanks to school notebooks from the period. By carefully considering the aspects linked to the frequency of the occurrences of single technical terms typical of metalinguistic vocabulary, this paper aims at verifying whether, to what extent, from which sources and the educational segment considered, there is a detectable tendency towards redundancy in the nomenclature typical of traditional grammar teaching.
description: Italiano LinguaDue, V. 10, N. 1 (2018)
The Roles of Borrower Private Information and Mortgage Relief Design in Foreclosure Prevention
Creators: name: Kytömaa, Lauri
name: Cuesta, Jose Ignacio
name: Einav, Liran
name: Illanes, Gaston
name: Tebaldi, Pietro
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mortgage relief
subject: Debt relief
subject: Federal Home Affordable Modification Program
subject: Foreclosures

description: I study frictions that prevent banks and loan servicers from granting debt relief to struggling borrowers in the U.S. residential mortgage market. I explore how asymmetric information, transaction costs, and aid generosity associated with granting debt relief affect mortgage foreclosure outcomes. To disentangle these mechanisms, I introduce a structural model in which banks decide whether to offer debt relief to potentially distressed borrowers when processing relief is costly and borrowers hold private information about their financial well-being. Relative to full information, banks reduce the probability of granting relief to deter financially healthy borrowers from pretending to be distressed, leading to more foreclosures in equilibrium. I use my model to estimate the impact of the Federal Home Affordable Modification Program (HAMP) using the outcomes of mortgages that were originated before the 2008 financial crisis. I find that HAMP incentive payments offset bank costs enough to increase relief disbursement and to decrease realized foreclosures by 3%, or 200,000 properties nationally, over the decade from 2007 to 2016. Despite this, information frictions increased total foreclosures by 14%, or the equivalent of 1.1 million properties and $110 billion of lost value over the same time period. Finally, I find that the level of borrower relief prescribed under HAMP was insufficient for preventing 86% of foreclosures, highlighting the extent of borrower distress arising during 2008. Beyond the focus on malpractice in mortgage origination prior to the financial crisis, my findings illustrate how the design of debt relief and the behavior of financial intermediaries contributed to the widespread occurrence of foreclosure in the United States after the housing market collapse.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 10388.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 09.06.1927, erstellt von William Otto Brunner
Creators: name: Eidgenössische Sternwarte in Zürich (ETH Zürich bzw. vor 1911 Polytechnikum)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1927

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Kern-Merz-Refraktor.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Zugeordnete numerische Werte wurden in einer separat geführten, chronologischen Tabelle erfasst. Unter Umständen sind tabellarisch notierte Werte, die für Protuberanzen mit rot geschrieben wurden (zum Teil Doppelbeobachtungen), direkt auf der Fleckenzeichnung vermerkt
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Continuum percolation for Cox point processes
Creators: name: Hirsch, Christian
name: Jahnel, Benedikt
name: Cali, Elie
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cox processes
subject: percolation
subject: stabilization
subject: large deviations
subject: 60F10
subject: 60K35

description: We investigate continuum percolation for Cox point processes, that is, Poisson point processes driven  by random intensity measures. First, we derive sufficient conditions for the existence  of non-trivial sub- and super-critical percolation regimes based on the notion of stabilization.  Second, we give asymptotic expressions for the percolation probability in large-radius, high-density and  coupled regimes.  In some regimes, we find universality, whereas in others, a sensitive dependence on the  underlying random intensity measure survives.
Dynamic Concern for Misspecification
Creators: name: Lanzani, Giacomo
name: Skrzypacz, Andrzej
name: Sugaya, Takuo
name: Ramos, João
name: Bardhi, Arjada
name: Board, Simon
name: Madsen, Erik
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: Probabilistic models
Behavior cycles
Misspecification

description: We consider an agent who posits a set of probabilistic models for the payoff- relevant outcomes. The agent has a prior over this set but fears the actual model is omitted and hedges against this possibility. The concern for misspecification is endogenous: If a model explains the previous observations well, the concern attenuates. We show that different static preferences under uncertainty (subjective expected utility, maxmin, robust control) arise in the long run, depending on how quickly the agent becomes unsatisfied with unexplained evidence and whether they are misspecified. The misspecification concern’s endogeneity naturally induces behavior cycles, and we characterize the limit action frequency. This model is consistent with the empirical evidence on monetary policy cycles and choices in the face of complex tax schedules. Finally, we axiomatize in terms of observable choices this decision criterion and how quickly the agent adjusts their misspecification concern.
Risky Business Cycles
Creators: name: Chahrour, Ryan
name: Basu, Susanto
name: Bloom, Nicholas
name: Davis, Steven
name: Fernandez-V, Jesus
name: Liu, Zheng
name: Sun, Bo
name: Xu, Nancy
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Business cycles
subject: Risk premia
subject: Uncertainty

description: We identify a shock that explains the bulk of fluctuations in the equity risk premium, and show that the shock also explains a large fraction of the business-cycle comovements of output, consumption, employment, and investment. Recessions induced by the shock are associated with reallocation away from full-time labor positions, and towards part-time and flexible contract workers. We develop a novel real model with labor market frictions and fluctuations in risk appetite, where a "flight-to-safety" reallocation from riskier to safer factors of production precipitates a recession that can explain the data, since the safer factors offer lower marginal products in equilibrium.
Effects Of Increased Specialization On Revenue Of Alaskan Salmon Fishers Over Four Decades
Creators: name: Ward, Eric J.
name: Anderson, Sean C.
name: Shelton, Andrew O.
name: Brenner, Richard E.
name: Adkison, Milo D.
name: Beaudreau, Anne H.
name: Watson, Jordan T.
name: Shriver, Jennifer C.
name: Haynie, Alan C.
name: Williams, Benjamin C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: salmon
commercial fishing
Alaska
STAN
variance function regression model
portfolio
revenue variability

description: Cloned repository for NCEAS/pfx-commercial-salmon

Repository includes code and data from Ward et al. "Effects of increased specialization on revenue of Alaskan salmon fishers over four decades" to be published in the Journal of Applied Ecology

Please see the GitHub link for the most recent version.
High-Value Work and the Rise of Women: The Cotton Revolution and Gender Equality in China
Creators: name: Meng Xue, Melanie
name: Martinez-Marquina, Alejandro
name: Niederle, Muriel
name: Voena, Alessandra
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Technology
subject: Trade
subject: Culture
subject: Gender Equality

description: This study investigates the impact of the Cotton Revolution (1300–1840 AD) on women’s economic roles and the emergence of gender-equitable beliefs. The Cotton Revolution involved the adoption of new technologies and regional specialization in cotton weaving, which enabled women to become major income earners in affected regions. Using a difference-in-differences approach, I find that the Cotton Revolution led to a positive shift in the portrayal of women in poetry, reflecting changing attitudes. I also document a negative relationship between the Cotton Revolution and the belief that men are naturally more capable, and identify long-term changes such as reduced sex selection, increased education for women, and more female leaders. These findings are robust to matching and instrumental variable methods. The enduring influence of the Cotton Revolution under centralized socialist rule suggests the operation of a cultural channel.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 10347.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 24.04.1927, erstellt von William Otto Brunner
Creators: name: Eidgenössische Sternwarte in Zürich (ETH Zürich bzw. vor 1911 Polytechnikum)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1927

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Kern-Merz-Refraktor.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Zugeordnete numerische Werte wurden in einer separat geführten, chronologischen Tabelle erfasst. Unter Umständen sind tabellarisch notierte Werte, die für Protuberanzen mit rot geschrieben wurden (zum Teil Doppelbeobachtungen), direkt auf der Fleckenzeichnung vermerkt
description: ETH-Bibliothek
How Do Consumers Finance Increased Retirement Savings?
Creators: name: Choukhmane, Taha
name: Palmer, Christopher
name: Matvos, Gregor
name: Seru, Amit
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: welfare
subject: Retirement contributions
subject: non-retirement savings

description: The welfare impact of increasing retirement contributions depends on how individuals adjust their spending, borrowing, and non-retirement savings in response. Using newly merged deposit-, credit-, and pension-account data from a large UK financial institution, we estimate the relevant elasticities by leveraging a policy that incrementally increased minimum retirement contributions in the U.K. from 2% to 8% of salary between March 2018 and April 2019. For every £1 reduction in monthly take-home pay due to higher employee pension contributions, consumers cut their spending by £0.34 (especially in the restaurant and leisure categories) and finance the remainder with lower deposit account balances and higher credit card debt levels. Those with lower initial deposit balances cut their spending the most, while those with significant liquid savings draw down their deposits. Interpreted via a theoretical model, these results suggest that a social planner concerned about undersaving should target retirement saving interventions at low-liquidity individuals whose spending is more elastic to increased retirement saving. In contrast, interventions that increase the retirement contributions of high-liquidity individuals are both less efficient (due to large crowd-out) and often regressive.
Comité International de la Croix-Rouge, Agence Internationale des Prisonniers de Guerre, an Louis Rollier (1859-1931)
Creators: name: Rollier, Louis
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1918

description: Brief aus Genève.
Zusätzlich darauf vermerkt: Notiz von Louis Rollier
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Pareto Improvements in the Contest for College Admissions
Creators: name: Siegel, Ron
name: Krishma, Kala
name: Lychagin, Sergey
name: Olszewski, Wojciech
name: Tergiman, Chloe
name: Akbarpour, Mohammad
name: Dworczak, Piotr
name: Jagadeesan, Ravi
name: Li, Shengwu
name: Muir, Ellen
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: Pareto frontier
College admissions
Performance-disclosure policies
Centralized tests

description: College admissions in many countries are based on a centrally administered test. Applicants invest a great deal of resources to improve their performance on the test, and there is growing concern about the large costs associated with these activities. We consider modifying such tests by introducing performance-disclosure policies that pool intervals of performance rankings, and investigate how such policies can improve students’ welfare in a Pareto sense. Pooling affects the equilibrium allocation of students.
Paul Niggli (1888-1953) an Louis Rollier (1859-1931)
Creators: name: Niggli, Paul
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1911

description: Brief aus Zofingen.
Zusätzlich darauf vermerkt: Notiz zur Beantwortung am 17.9.1911 von Louis Rollier
description: ETH-Bibliothek
The Simple Economics of Optimal Bundling
Creators: name: Yang, Frank
name: Akbarpour, Mohammad
name: Dworczak, Piotr
name: Jagadeesan, Ravi
name: Li, Shengwu
name: Muir, Ellen
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: Bundling
Mechanism design
Tiered pricing
Multidimensional screening

description: We study optimal bundling when consumers differ in one dimension. We introduce a partial order on the set of bundles defined by (i) set inclusion and (ii) sales volumes (if sold alone and priced optimally). We show that if the undominated bundles with respect to this partial order are nested, then nested bundling (tiered pricing) is optimal. We characterize which nested menu is optimal: Selling a given menu of nested bundles is optimal if a smaller bundle in (out of) the menu sells more (less) than a bigger bundle in the menu. We present three applications of these insights: the first two connect optimal bundling and quality design to price elasticities and cost structures; the last one establishes a necessary and sufficient condition for costly screening to be optimal when a principal can use both price and nonprice screening instruments.
Did they just say that? Cable news, policy uncertainty and market volatility
Creators: name: Bradley, Daniel
name: Bloom, Nicholas
name: Davis, Steven
name: Fernandez-Villaverde, Jesus
name: Liu, Zheng
name: Sun, Bo
name: Xu, Nancy
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: Policy uncertainty
TV media
stock market volatility
economic uncertainty
politics

description: We capture economic policy uncertainty from mainstream TV cable networks and link it to expected market volatility. The novelty of our method is that we can identify who is on TV and when the news is delivered. At the daily level, our measure is correlated with print-based proxies of policy uncertainty, but contains significant complementary information. Importantly, it is also correlated with expected market volatility when measured at more granular time intervals, such as at the hourly level. Politician airtime is not related to market volatility, but it is when they discuss policy-related matters. The news network, political party, and party control are also related to the expected volatility reaction. Finally, aggregated firm state-level volatility is correlated with the home state Governor’s discussion of policy uncertainty.
Efficiency and Redistribution in Environmental Policy: An Equilibrium Analysis of Agricultural Supply Chains
Creators: name: Dominguez-Iino, Tomás
name: Allcott, Hunt
name: Fowlie, Meredith
name: Goulder, Lawrence
name: Shapiro, Joe
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Empirical model
subject: Supply chain
subject: Environmental policy
subject: Agribusiness
subject: Pigouvian signal

description: I build an empirical model of the South American agricultural sector to show how environmental policy is transmitted along a supply chain when regulation at the externality’s source is infeasible. Given obstacles to a carbon tax on farmers, I show how alternative market-based policies—downstream agribusiness taxes—reduce upstream emissions but their effectiveness is limited by international leakage and domestic mistargeting, while also being regressive. Agribusiness monopsony power worsens targeting by lowering pass-through to upstream farmers in uncompetitive and emissions-intense regions, thus eroding the Pigouvian signal where the social cost is highest. By contrast, command-and-control tools perform robustly when markets face pre-existing distortions.
title: „Ich brauch dich, ich brauch dich nicht“
Creators: name: Ott, Christina
Year: 2011

description: Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit befasst sich in Form einer Einzelfallstudie mit dem Erleben des vierjährigen Mädchens Amina im Kindergarten. Dabei sind zwei spezifische Aspekte in Aminas Verhalten auffällig: einerseits ihre Beziehungserfahrungen mit einer Gleichaltrigen und andererseits ihr Erleben von Abhängigkeit und ihr Streben nach Autonomie. Die Fragestellung, die in diesem Zusammenhang bearbeitet wird, setzt sich damit auseinander, welche Bedeutung die Beziehungserfahrungen, die Amina mit einer Gleichaltrigen im Kindergarten macht, für ihr Erleben von Abhängigkeit und ihr Streben nach Autonomie haben. Zunächst wird eine theoretische Hinführung zu der Thematik dieser Fragestellung dargestellt, welche die diesbezüglich bestehende Forschungslücke identifiziert. Die Grundlage für diese Einzelfallstudie über das Mädchen Amina bilden Beobachtungsprotokolle, die über einen Zeitraum von vier Monaten, mittels der Methode der Young Child Observation, in einem Kindergarten erhoben und anschließend, innerhalb einer Seminargruppe als auch einer Forschungsgruppe, analysiert wurden. Die Darstellung der Analyse des Beobachtungsmaterials nimmt einen zentralen Stellenwert in dieser Diplomarbeit ein. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse der Einzelfallstudie Amina in Beziehung zu bestehenden Theorien gesetzt, um den wissenschaftlichen Ertrag dieser Arbeit auszuweisen.
description: The present diploma thesis is in the form of a single case study and deals with the experiences of a four year old girl named Amina at a nursery. In this study, two particular issues in Aminas behaviour are remarkable: on one hand are her experiences in her relationship with a peer, and on the other, the experience of dependence and the aspiration to autonomy. The question, which will be addressed in this context, deals with the acceptance of the experiences that Amina makes with a peer in the nursery, and as aforementioned, centers on her dependence and her need for autonomy. In the beginning, a thematic introduction to the core of this question will be presented, which in turn, will identify the existing academic void. Observational reports make up the foundation of this single case study on Amina. All of the information was collected in the nursery of the child over the period of four months using the young-child-observation method. This information was then analysed within a seminar group as well as a research group. In conclusion, the results of the single case study on Amina will be correlated to existing theories, and shall account for the scientific portion of this paper.