cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Salt-bearing disk candidates around high-mass young stellar objects
Creators: name: Ginsburg, Adam
name: McGuire, Brett A.
name: Sanhueza, Patricio
name: Olguin, Fernando
name: Maud, Luke T
name: Tanaka, Kei E. I.
name: Zhang, Yichen
name: Beuther, Henrik
name: Indriolo, Nick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular lines tracing the orbital motion of gas in a well-defined disk are valuable tools for inferring both the properties of the disk and the star it surrounds. Lines that arise only from a disk, and not also from the surrounding molecular cloud core that birthed the star or from the outflow it drives, are rare. Several such emission lines have recently been discovered in one example case, those from NaCl and KCl salt molecules. We studied a sample of 23 candidate high-mass young stellar objects (HMYSOs) in 17 high-mass star-forming regions to determine how frequently emission from these species is detected. We present five new detections of water, NaCl, KCl, PN, and SiS from the innermost regions around the objects, bringing the total number of known briny disk candidates to nine. Their kinematic structure is generally disk-like, though we are unable to determine whether they arise from a disk or outflow in the sources with new detections. We demonstrate that these species are spatially coincident in a few resolved cases and show that they are generally detected together, suggesting a common origin or excitation mechanism. We also show that several disks around HMYSOs clearly do not exhibit emission in these species. Salty disks are therefore neither particularly rare in high-mass disks, nor are they ubiquitous.
description: accepted to ApJ
Close Encounters of Tight Binary Stars with Stellar-mass Black Holes
Creators: name: Ryu, Taeho
name: Perna, Rosalba
name: Pakmor, Ruediger
name: Ma, Jing-Ze
name: Farmer, Rob
name: de Mink, Selma E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong dynamical interactions among stars and compact objects are expected in a variety of astrophysical settings, such as star clusters and the disks of active galactic nuclei. Via a suite of 3D hydrodynamics simulations using the moving-mesh code AREPO, we investigate the formation of transient phenomena and their properties in close encounters between an $2M_{\odot}$ or $20M_{\odot}$ equal-mass circular binary star and single $20M_{\odot}$ black hole (BH). Stars can be disrupted by the BH during dynamical interactions, naturally producing electromagnetic transient phenomena. Encounters with impact parameters smaller than the semimajor axis of the initial binary frequently lead to a variety of transients whose electromagnetic signatures are qualitatively different from those of ordinary disruption events involving just two bodies. These include the simultaneous or successive disruptions of both stars and one full disruption of one star accompanied by successive partial disruptions of the other star. On the other hand, when the impact parameter is larger than the semimajor axis of the initial binary, the binary is either simply tidally perturbed or dissociated into bound and unbound single stars ("micro-Hills" mechanism). The dissociation of $20M_{\odot}$ binaries can produce a runaway star and an active BH moving away from one another. Also, the binary dissociation can either produce an interacting binary with the BH, or a non-interacting, hard binary; both could be candidates of BH high- and low-mass X-ray binaries. Hence our simulations especially confirm that strong encounters can lead to the formation of the (generally difficult to form) BH low-mass X-ray binaries.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Movies: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGz2WokfZLA&list=PLxLK3qI02cQeEc3ktlYAOLY4RHVX1V_nZ
Investigating the hot molecular core, G10.47+0.03: A pit of nitrogen-bearing complex organic molecules
Creators: name: Mondal, Suman Kumar
name: Iqbal, Wasim
name: Gorai, Prasanta
name: Bhat, Bratati
name: Wakelam, Valentine
name: Das, Ankan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations have shown that Nitrogen-bearing complex organic species are present in large quantities in star-forming regions. Thus, investigating the N-bearing species in a hot molecular core, such as G10.47+0.03, is crucial to understanding the molecular complexity in star-forming regions. They also allow us to investigate the chemical and physical processes that determine the many phases during the structural and chemical evolution of the source in star-forming regions. The aim of this study is to investigate the spatial distribution and the chemical evolution states of N-bearing complex organic molecules in the hot core G10.47+0.03. We used the ALMA archival data of the hot molecular core G10.47+0.03. The extracted spectra were analyzed assuming LTE. Furthermore, robust methods such as MCMC and rotational diagram methods are implemented for molecules for which multiple transitions were identified to constrain the temperature and column density. Finally, we used the Nautilus gas-grain code to simulate the nitrogen chemistry in the hot molecular core. We carried out both 0D and 1D simulations of the source and compared with observational results. We report various transitions of nitrogen-bearing species (NH2CN, HC3N, HC5N, C2H3CN, C2H5CN, and H2NCH2CN) together with some of their isotopologues and isomers. Besides this, we also report the identification of CH3CCH and one of its isotopologues. The emissions originating from vinyl cyanide, ethyl cyanide, cyanoacetylene, and cyanamide are compact, which could be explained by our astrochemical modeling. Our 0D model shows that the chemistry of certain N-bearing molecules can be very sensitive to initial local conditions such as density or dust temperature. In our 1D model, simulated higher abundances of species such as HCN, HC3N, and HC5N toward the inner shells of the source confirm the observational findings.
description: 40 pages, 30 figures
Transtensional Rifting in the Late Proto-Gulf of California Near Bahía Kino, Sonora, México
Creators: name: Bennett, Scott Edmund Kelsey
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The Gulf of California provides an active rift example to test the role of rift obliquity in continental rupture. Continental rifts require focused strain to rupture and form an ocean basin. Strike-slip faults are ubiquitous in oblique rifts and focused transtensional strain adjacent to these faults may be a catalyst for rupture. To test this hypothesis, I completed structural mapping, fault-kinematic analysis, geochronology, basin analysis, and paleomagnetism of pre- and syn-rift rocks exposed in coastal Sonora, México. Sedimentary basins record ~16 km of west-northwest-directed transtension across the Kino-Chueca Shear Zone. Onset of transtension in the study area is estimated to be ca. 7 Ma and lasted for approximately 1 million years. This represents a significant portion (~28%) of plate boundary deformation over this time interval. Dextral shear was progressively localized within this zone of extensional deformation, and together shear and extension acted to focus lithospheric-scale strain into a narrower zone.
A spectral solver for solar inertial waves
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Jishnu
name: Hanasoge, Shravan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inertial waves, which are dominantly driven by the Coriolis force, likely play an important role in solar dynamics, and additionally, provide a window into the solar subsurface. The latter allows us to infer properties that are inaccessible to the traditional technique of acoustic-wave helioseismology. Thus, a full characterization of these normal modes holds promise in enabling the investigation of solar subsurface dynamics. In this work, we develop a spectral eigenvalue solver to model the spectrum of inertial waves in the Sun. We model the solar convection zone as an anelastic medium, and solve for the normal modes of the momentum and energy equations. We demonstrate that the solver can reproduce the observed mode frequencies and line-widths well, not only of sectoral Rossby modes, but also the recently observed high-frequency inertial modes. In addition, we believe that the spectral solver is a useful contribution to the numerical methods on modeling inertial modes on the Sun.
description: 6 Figures, accepted for publication in ApJS
Anomaly-Based Detection of Malicious Activity in In-Vehicle Networks
Creators: name: Taylor, Adrian
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: anomaly detection
cyber security
intrusion detection
recurrent neural network

description: Modern automobiles have been proven vulnerable to hacking by security researchers. By exploiting vulnerabilities in the car's external interfaces, attackers can access a car's controller area network (CAN) bus and cause malicious effects. We seek to detect these attacks on the bus as a last line of defence against automotive cyber attacks. The CAN bus standard defines a low-level message structure, upon which manufacturers layer their own proprietary command protocols; attacks must similarly be tailored for their target. This variability makes intrusion detection methods difficult to apply to the automotive CAN bus. Nevertheless, the bus traffic is generated by machines; thus we hypothesize that it can be characterized with machine learning, and that attacks produce anomalous traffic. Our goals are to show that anomaly detection trained without understanding of the message contents can detect attacks, and to create a framework for understanding how the characteristics of a novel attack can be used to predict its detectability. We developed a model that describes attacks based on their effect on bus traffic, informed by a review of published material on car hacking in combination with analysis of CAN traffic from a 2012 Subaru Impreza. The model specifies three high-level categories of effects: attacks that insert foreign packets, attacks that affect packet timing, and attacks that only modify data within packets. Foreign packet attacks are trivially detectable. For timing-based anomalies, we developed features suitable for one-class classification methods. For packet stream data word anomalies, we adapted recurrent neural networks and multivariate Markov model methods to sequence anomaly detection and compared their performance. We conducted experiments to evaluate our detection methods with special attention to the trade-off between precision and recall, given that a practical system requires a very low false alarm rate. The methods were evaluated by synthesizing anomalies within each attack category, parameterized to adjust their covertness. We generalize from the results to enable prediction of detection rates for new attacks using these methods.
NEUROMUSCULAR DETERMINANTS OF FUNCTIONAL BALANCE PERFORMANCE IN CAREER FIREFIGHTERS
Creators: name: Barnette, Timothy
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Slips, trips, and falls (STFs) are one of the most common injuries in the fire service. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between biceps femoris (BF) neuromuscular function [rate of torque development (RTD), rate of electromyographic rise (RER), muscle size (CSA), and muscle quality (EI)], and functional balance performance during a simulated firefighting activity. Rate of torque development and RER were examined during a maximal isometric strength assessment with surface electromyography and ultrasonography was used to examine CSA and EI in 44 career firefighters. The functional balance performance index was significantly related to age (r = 0.423, P < 0.01), %BF (r = 0.378, P < 0.05), and RTD (r = -0.327, P < 0.05). After accounting for age and %BF, increases in RTD remained related to improved functional balance performance, which was influenced by the RER, but not the size or quality of the BF.
Brillouin Cooling in a Linear Waveguide
Creators: name: Chen, Yin-Chung
name: Kim, Seunghwi
name: Bahl, Gaurav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Brillouin scattering is not usually considered as a mechanism that can cause cooling of a material due to the thermodynamic dominance of Stokes scattering in most practical systems. However, it has been shown in experiments on resonators that net phonon annihilation through anti-Stokes Brillouin scattering can be enabled by means of a suitable set of optical and acoustic states. The cooling of traveling phonons in a linear waveguide, on the other hand, could lead to the exciting future prospect of manipulating unidirectional phonon fluxes and even the nonreciprocal transport of quantum information via phonons. In this work, we present an analysis of the conditions under which Brillouin cooling of phonons of both low and high group velocities may be achieved in a linear waveguide. We analyze the three-wave mixing interaction between the optical and traveling acoustic modes that participate in forward Brillouin scattering, and reveal the key regimes of operation for the process. Our calculations indicate that measurable cooling may occur in a system having phonons with spatial loss rate that is of the same order as the spatial optical loss rate. If the Brillouin gain in such a waveguide reaches the order of 10$^{5}$ m$^{-1}$W$^{-1}$, appreciable cooling of phonon modes may be observed with modest pump power of a few mW.
Space-time variation of the s and c quark masses
Creators: name: Flambaum, V. V.
name: Munro-Laylim, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Space-time variation of fundamental physical constants in expanding Universe is predicted by a number of popular models. The masses of second generation quarks are larger than first generation quark masses by several orders of magnitude, therefore space-time variation in quark masses may significantly vary between each generation. We evaluate limits on variation in the s and c quark masses from Big Bang nucleosynthesis, Oklo natural nuclear reactor, Yb+, Cs and Rb clock data. The construction of 229Th nuclear clock is expected to enhance these limits by several orders of magnitude. Furthermore, constraints are obtained on an oscillating scalar or pseudoscalar cold dark matter field, as interactions of the field with quarks produce variations in quark masses.
Seismic Damage Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings in Canada
Creators: name: Al Mamun, Abdullah
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Damage Assessment
Frame Structure
Seismic Analysis
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis
Fragility Curve
Seismic Vulnerability
Reinforced Concrete
Ductile Structure

description: The emphasis on seismic design and assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure has shifted from force-based to performance-based design and assessment to accommodate strength and ductility for required performance of building. RC frame structure may suffer different levels of damage under seismic-induced ground motions, with potentials for formation of hinges in structural elements, depending on the level of stringency in design. Thus it is required to monitor the seismic behaviour and performance of buildings, which depend on the structural system, year of construction and the level of irregularities in the structural system. It is the objective of the current research project to assess seismic performance of RC frame buildings in Canada, while developing fragility curves as analytical tools for such assessment. This was done through dynamic inelastic analysis by modelling selected building structures and using PERFORM-3D as analysis software, while employing incremental dynamic analysis to generate performance data under incrementally increasing seismic intensity of selected earthquake records. The results lead to probabilistic tools to assess the performance of buildings designed following the National Building Code of Canada in different years of construction with and without irregularities. The research consists of three phases; i) regular buildings designed after 1975, ii) regular buildings designed prior to 1975, and iii) irregular buildings designed prior to 1975. The latter two phases address older buildings prior to the development of modern seismic building codes. All three phases were carried out by selecting and designing buildings in Ottawa, representing the seismic region in eastern Canada, as well as buildings in Vancouver, representing the seismic region in western Canada. Buildings had three heights (2; 5; and 10-stories) to cover a wide range of building periods encountered in practice. The resulting fragility curves indicated that the older buildings showed higher probabilities of exceeding life safety and/or collapse prevention performance levels. Newer buildings showed higher probabilities of exceeding target performance levels in western Canada than those located in the east.
Interaction between water and city
Creators: name: Guo, Lu
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: Ji’ning is a famous historic city with a long history and deep cultural accumulation in Shandong Province, China, which was facing serious environmental problems and cultural crisis due to largescale industrial production and coal mining in recent decades. It is necessary to study the historical legacy of Ji'ning in a scientific way, to excavate its context and characteristics, and furthermore to learn from the legacy and explore the way of urban transformation and development. Firstly, the historical context of the city development of Ji'ning is teased out to excavate its driving force. Secondly, the mechanism of the interaction between city and water is excavated with Canal Cultural Period as an example. Based on this, the enlightenment from the historical legacy to the sustainable future of the contemporary city is declared as a conclusion.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
High-redshift quasars along the Main Sequence
Creators: name: Deconto-Machado, A.
name: del Olmo, A.
name: Marziani, P.
name: Perea, J.
name: Stirpe, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We aim to evaluate the behaviour of our 22 high-redshift (2.2 < z < 3.7) and high-luminosity (47.39 < Lbol < 48.36) quasars in the context of the 4-Dimensional Eigenvector 1. Our approach involves studying quasar physics through spectroscopic exploration of UV and optical emission line diagnostics. We are using new observations from ISAAC/VLT and mainly from the SDSS to cover the optical and the UV rest-frames, respectively. Emission lines are characterised both through a quantitative parametrisation of the line profiles, and by decomposing the emission line profiles using multicomponent fitting routines. We provide spectrophotometric properties and line profile measurements for Hb+[O iii], as well as for Si iv+O iv], C iv+He ii and the 1900 blend. Six out of the 22 objects present a significant blueshifted component on the Hb profile, and in 14/22 cases an Hb outflowing component associated to [O iii] is detected. The majority of [O iii] emission line profiles show blueshifted velocities larger than 250 km s^-1. [O iii] and C iv blueshifts show very high amplitudes and a high degree of correlation. Line width and shift are correlated for both [O iii] and C iv, suggesting that emission from outflowing gas is providing a substantial broadening to both lines. Otherwise, the links between C iv centroid velocity at half intensity (c(1/2)), Eddington ratio (L/LEdd), and bolometric luminosity are found to be in agreement with previous studies of high-luminosity quasars. Our analysis suggests that the behaviour of quasars of very high luminosity all along the main sequence is strongly affected by powerful outflows involving a broad range of spatial scales. The main sequence correlations remain valid at high redshift and high luminosity even if a systematic increase in line width is observed. Scaling laws based on UV Al iii and Hb emission lines are equally reliable estimators of MBH.
description: Accepted for publication at A&A
Deciphering the ~18 TeV photons from GRB 221009A
Creators: name: Sahu, Sarira
name: Medina-Carrillo, B.
name: Sánchez-Colón, G.
name: Rajpoot, Subhash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On 9 October, 2022, an extremely powerful gamma-ray burst, GRB 221009A, was detected by several instruments. Despite being obstructed by the Milky Way galaxy, its afterglow outburst outshone all other GRBs seen before. LHAASO detected several thousands very high energy photons extending up to 18 TeV. Detection of such energetic photons are unexpected due to the large opacity of the Universe. It is possible that in the afterglow epoch the intrinsic very high energy photon flux from the source might have increased manifolds, which could compensate the attenuation by pair-production with the extragalactic background light. We propose such a scenario and show that very high energy photons can be observed on the Earth from the interaction of very high energy protons with the seed synchrotron photons in the external forward shock region of the GRB jet.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, to be published in ApJ Letters
Nature conservation planning approach in the urban epoch
Creators: name: Koyunoglu, Balm
name: Gulersoy, Nuran Zeren
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: This study explores the nature conservation planning in the urban context, an emerging issue in the process of striking a balance between natural heritage conservation and urbanization demands, by focusing on two cases: Breda City Plan in the Netherlands and Beykoz Riva Integrated Environmental Protection and Development Plan. Breda City Plan is analyzed as a reflection of a deep-rooted tradition that is sensitive to nature while Riva Beykoz Plan is analyzed as a unique example within Turkey in that regard. These cases see the development of an integrated rainwater management system by the enhancement of existing ecosystems and green urban spaces and by their connection to the adjacent protected natural areas. This study explores whether the recent implementations of nature conservation in Breda and Beykoz Riva meet IUCN guidelines for urban areas. These cases are analyzed with the IUCN Urban Protected Area Guidelines which adopts current concept and methodology of nature conservation planning in urban areas. As a result of their analysis, it is observed that they both meet the guideline criteria.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Deep-SDMs in the open oceans - MODEL CHECKPOINT
Creators: name: Morand, Gaétan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: deep learning
megafauna
open oceans
pelagic species
species distribution models

description: This deposit contains the model checkpoint and the associated configuration file. They can be used alongside the code (available on GitHub) to load the trained model and make new predictions.
description: This project is being developed as part of the G2OI project, co-financed by the European Union, the Reunion region, and the French Republic.
Characterizing the Rigidly Rotating Magnetosphere Stars HD 345439 and HD 23478
Creators: name: Wisniewski, J. P.
name: Chojnowski, S. D.
name: Davenport, J. R. A.
name: Bartz, J.
name: Pepper, J.
name: Whelan, D. G.
name: Eikenberry, S. S.
name: Lomax, J. R.
name: Majewski, S. R.
name: Richardson, N. D.
name: Skrutskie, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The SDSS III APOGEE survey recently identified two new $σ$ Ori E type candidates, HD 345439 and HD 23478, which are a rare subset of rapidly rotating massive stars whose large (kGauss) magnetic fields confine circumstellar material around these systems. Our analysis of multi-epoch photometric observations of HD 345439 from the KELT, SuperWASP, and ASAS surveys reveals the presence of a $\sim$0.7701 day period in each dataset, suggesting the system is amongst the faster known $σ$ Ori E analogs. We also see clear evidence that the strength of H-alpha, H I Brackett series lines, and He I lines also vary on a $\sim$0.7701 day period from our analysis of multi-epoch, multi-wavelength spectroscopic monitoring of the system from the APO 3.5m telescope. We trace the evolution of select emission line profiles in the system, and observe coherent line profile variability in both optical and infrared H I lines, as expected for rigidly rotating magnetosphere stars. We also analyze the evolution of the H I Br-11 line strength and line profile in multi-epoch observations of HD 23478 from the SDSS-III APOGEE instrument. The observed periodic behavior is consistent with that recently reported by Sikora and collaborators in optical spectra.
description: Accepted in ApJL
The large D effective theory of black strings in AdS
Creators: name: Licht, David
name: Suzuki, Ryotaku
name: Way, Benson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study black strings/funnels and other black hole configurations in AdS that correspond to different phases of the dual CFT in black hole backgrounds, employing different approaches at large $D$. We assemble the phase diagram of uniform and non-uniform black strings/funnels and study their dynamical stability. We also construct flowing horizons. Many of our results are available analytically, though some are only known numerically.
description: 43pages, 18figures; v2: minor modifications, references added, 44pages
Landscape architecture and environmentalism in the expansion era for Australian universities
Creators: name: Saniga, Andre
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: The 1960s and 1970s were an era of expansion of the tertiary education sector internationally with entirely new universities developed at an unprecedented pace. In the Australian context, the quintessential start-up suburban campus was usually set within a greenfield site - typically on postagricultural land at the fringe of rapidly expanding suburbia. An effective role for landscape architecture often materialised from symbiotic relationships between architects, engineers, planners, horticulturalists, and others. A significant driver in shaping and enacting a clear vision for a distinctive quality of campus landscape came internal to university administration. Communities consisting of academic staff, administrative staff, and other interested and talented practitioners have been found to be crucial in defining a niche for landscape architects in campus design, marking a significant moment in the recognition and due regard that would be paid to a small but influential profession on the Australian scene. This paper records the themes that define the distinctive nature of the Australian condition. Focusing on campus designs by Bruce Mackenzie and Associates (BMA), the paper provides a preliminary assessment of the roles and influence of people, organisations, and events in the creation of the modern campus in Australia. It concludes that the most effective results were achieved when the landscape architect was engaged at the formative stages of campus development and had broad support inclusive of collaboration with other consultants and with university administrators and on-ground staff. A significant ingredient for success in achieving innovative results was found to be the existence within the university of communities of interested and engaged people with joint aims and ambitions for the creation of high quality campus landscapes, often in line with a culture of environmentalism. Such communities often go unheralded yet without their involvement the establishment of campus landscapes that celebrated the conservation of Australian indigenous plants and forms may not have been as readily achieved.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Automated discovery of generalized standard material models with EUCLID
Creators: name: Flaschel, Moritz
name: Kumar, Siddhant
name: De Lorenzis, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We extend the scope of our approach for unsupervised automated discovery of material laws (EUCLID) to the case of a material belonging to an unknown class of behavior. To this end, we leverage the theory of generalized standard materials, which encompasses a plethora of important constitutive classes. We show that, based only on full-field kinematic measurements and net reaction forces, EUCLID is able to automatically discover the two scalar thermodynamic potentials, namely, the Helmholtz free energy and the dissipation potential, which completely define the behavior of generalized standard materials. The a priori enforced constraint of convexity on these potentials guarantees by construction stability and thermodynamic consistency of the discovered model; balance of linear momentum acts as a fundamental constraint to replace the availability of stress-strain labeled pairs; sparsity promoting regularization enables the automatic selection of a small subset from a possibly large number of candidate model features and thus leads to a parsimonious, i.e., simple and interpretable, model. Importantly, since model features go hand in hand with the correspondingly active internal variables, sparse regression automatically induces a parsimonious selection of the few internal variables needed for an accurate but simple description of the material behavior. A fully automatic procedure leads to the selection of the hyperparameter controlling the weight of the sparsity promoting regularization term, in order to strike a user-defined balance between model accuracy and simplicity. By testing the method on synthetic data including artificial noise, we demonstrate that EUCLID is able to automatically discover the true hidden material model from a large catalog of constitutive classes, including elasticity, viscoelasticity, elastoplasticity, viscoplasticity, isotropic and kinematic hardening.
Enhanced Biodegradability in Vegetable Tannery Wastewater by Sonication
Creators: name: Mohammadi Aghdam, Alireza
Publisher: name: Università di Pisa
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Environmental Engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: The tanning industry in Italy represents a significant contribution to the European economy. At the same time, it is well known that this industry generates significant amounts of contaminated wastewater. Vegetable Tannery wastewater contains high concentrations of organic matter (COD) with a significant percentage of recalcitrant organic compounds. Vegetable tannery wastewater shows several drawbacks due to the complexity of the chemical composition. Contaminants have to remove to avoid significant environmental impacts. In another hand, Activated sludge processes are key technologies in wastewater treatment. These biological processes produce massive amounts of waste activated sludge (WAS) or otherwise bio-solids. Mechanical, thermal, and/or chemical WAS conditioning techniques have been proposed to reduce the sludge charge. Among the WAS treatments; the pre-treatment with Sonication is one of the most innovative processes. Primary attention is focused on the effect of high-frequency Sonication on reducing organic matter with or without using H2O2 and Aeration. The parameters affecting the removal of the organic matter (COD) and soluble COD (SCOD) and total nitrogen (TN) and total organic carbon (TOC) were also analyzed and compared. Particular attention is then made on how the presence of H2O2, affects the performance of the process, and how it affects the combined Sonication and biological processes. In other words, the study focuses on the effect of Sono lysis on waste activated sludge solubilization and anaerobic biodegradability of vegetable tannery wastewater and primary sludge of a plant treating tannery wastewater, located in Santa Croce (Tuscany, Italy). The results obtained from a pilot scale study developed in the Tannery wastewater treatment plant (Cuoiodepur). In the test carried out, the combination of a Sonication pre-treatment with using H2O2 showed satisfactory results regarding reduction COD and SCOD on vegetable tannery wastewater and primary sludge for recovery and reuse in the tannery treatment cycle. The Sonication pre-treatment was able to remove approx. 25% of COD, and SCOD in wastewater and more than 40% of reducing COD and 18% increment of SCOD in the primary sludge of vegetable tannery wastewater. Moreover, the effect of sonication with using H2O2 in total suspended solid (TSS) and volatile suspended solid (VSS) respectively was 35% and 30%. In another hand, the results showed 27% reduction of total organic carbon (TOC) in the primary sludge of vegetable tannery wastewater.
Exhumation of the southern Pyrenean fold-thrust belt from orogenic growth to decay
Creators: name: Rushlow, Caitlin
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2012

description: We quantify the spatiotemporal patterns of exhumation across the southern fold-thrust belt (FTB) margin with apatite fission track (AFT) thermochronology and compare the results with existing deformation, exhumation, and sedimentation chronologies. Eighteen bedrock samples record exhumation ~90 to 10 Ma. Rocks from the range core (Axial Zone) record rapid exhumation that progresses east to west and north to south consistent with patterns of tectonically-driven uplift. Sediments shed into piggyback basins retain a detrital exhumation signal. Samples from other FTB structures record in situ exhumation, suggesting sedimentary burial of sufficient magnitudes to reset the AFT system. A major exhumation phase occurs at the boundary between the thick- and thin-skinned portions of the FTB wedge at 25-20 Ma. We suggest that this exhumation records uplift from sediment overloading the outboard FTB structures and/or wetter climate conditions. A final exhumation phase between ~20-10 Ma may be a response to base level lowering.
Development of a hardened THz energy meter for use on the kilojoule-scale, short-pulse OMEGA EP laser
Creators: name: Bruhaug, G.
name: Rinderknecht, H. G.
name: E, Y.
name: Wei, M. S.
name: Brannon, R. B.
name: Guy, D.
name: Peck, R. G.
name: Landis, N.
name: Brent, G.
name: Fairbanks, R.
name: McAtee, C.
name: Walker, T.
name: Buczek, T.
name: Krieger, M.
name: Romanofsky, M. H.
name: Mileham, C.
name: Francis, K. G.
name: Zhang, X. C.
name: Collins, G. W.
name: Rygg, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A highly adaptable and robust THz energy meter has been designed and implemented to detect energetic THz pulses from high intensity (greater than 1E18 watts per square centimeter) laser plasma interactions on OMEGA EP. THz radiation from the laser driven target is detected by a shielded pyrometer. A second identical pyrometer is used for background subtraction. The detector can be configured to detect THz pulses in the 1 mm to 30 microns (0.3 to 10 THz) range and pulse energies from joules to microjoules via changes in filtration, aperture size and position. Additional polarization selective filtration can also be used to determine THz pulse polarization. The design incorporates significant radiation and EMP shielding to survive and operate within the OMEGA EP radiation environment. We describe the design, operational principle, calibration and testing of the THz energy meter. The pyrometers were calibrated using a benchtop laser and show linear sensitivity up to 1000 nJ of absorbed energy. Initial results from four OMEGA EP THz experiments detected up to 15 microjoules at the detector, which can correspond to 100s of mJ depending on THz emission and reflection models.
Light dark matter candidates in intense laser pulses II: the relevance of the spin degrees of freedom
Creators: name: Villalba-Chávez, Selym
name: Müller, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical searches assisted by the field of a laser pulse might allow for exploring a variety of not yet detected dark matter candidates such as hidden-photons and scalar minicharged particles. These hypothetical degrees of freedom may be understood as a natural consequence of extensions of the Standard Model incorporating a hidden $\rm U(1)$-gauge sector. In this paper, we study the effects induced by both candidates on the propagation of a probe electromagnetic waves in the vacuum polarized by a long laser pulse of moderate intensity, this way complementing our previous study [JHEP \textbf{06}, $177$ ($2015$)]. We describe how the absence of a spin in the scalar charged carriers modifies the photon-paraphoton oscillations as compared with a fermionic minicharge model. In particular, we find that the regime close to their lowest threshold mass might provide the most stringent upper limit for minicharged scalars. The pure-laser based experiment investigated here could allow 23for excluding a sector in the parameter space of the particles which has not been experimentally ruled out by setups driven by dipole magnets. We explain how the sign of the ellipticity and rotation of the polarization plane acquired by a probe photon--in combination with their dependencies on the pulse parameters--can be exploited to elucidate the quantum statistics of the charge carriers.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures
The chinesenization of American zoning in the 1980s
Creators: name: Shen, Yun
name: Hou, Li
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: The most instrumental reform in Chinese urban planning system during the market reform in the 1980s is the introduction of so-called “regulatory detailed planning” (in Chinese pinyin, kong gui), an adaptive form of American zoning in Chinese cities. However, this episode of the reform hasn’t been closely examined from a historic and critical perspective so far. Based on archival research, mapping and interviews, this article traces the planning and development process of Shanghai Hongqiao New District and Wenzhou old town, and explores the original process of transplantation and localization of American zoning in Chinese cities. By comparing the planning and construction explorations of the two cities, we will argue that although it learned much from zoning techniques, especially the control indexes, the regulatory detailed planning is more to be a plat form for local government to negotiate with the foreign businessmen and other private sectors, rather than representing public intervention and regulation in the US, and served as a technical tool to materialize the development goals of Chinese cities.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Collision-induced Hopf-type bifurcation reversible transitions in a dual-wavelength femtosecond fiber laser
Creators: name: Liu, Runmin
name: Zou, Defeng
name: Niu, Shuang
name: Song, Youjian
name: Hu, Minglie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collision refers to a striking nonlinear interaction in dissipative systems, revealing the particle-like properties of solitons. In dual-wavelength mode-locked fiber lasers, collisions are inherent and periodic. However, how collisions influence the dynamical transitions in the dual-wavelength mode-locked state has still not been explored. In our research, dispersion management triggers the complex interactions between solitons in the cavity. We reveal the smooth or reversible Hopf-type bifurcation transitions of dual-color soliton molecules (SMs) during collision by real-time spectral measurement technique of TS-DFT. The reversible transitions from stationary SM to vibrating SM, revealing that cavity parameters pass through a bifurcation point in the collision process without active external intervention. The numerical results confirm the universality of collision-induced bifurcation behavior. These findings provide new insights into collision dynamics in dual-wavelength ultrafast fiber lasers. Furthermore, the study of intermolecular collisions is of great significance for other branches of nonlinear science.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
The influence of metallicity on a combined stellar and disk evolution
Creators: name: Gehrig, L.
name: Steindl, T.
name: Vorobyov, E. I.
name: Guadarrama, R.
name: Zwintz, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of an accretion disk are crucial to understanding the evolution of young stars. During the combined evolution, stellar and disk parameters influence each other, motivating a combined stellar and disk model. This makes a combined numerical model, evolving the disk alongside the star, the next logical step in the progress of studying early stellar evolution. We aim to understand the effects of metallicity on the accretion disk and the stellar spin evolution during the T~Tauri phase. We combine the numerical treatment of a hydrodynamic disk with stellar evolution, including a stellar spin model, allowing a self-consistent calculation of the back-reactions between the individual components. We present the self-consistent theoretical evolution of T-Tauri stars coupled to a stellar disk. We find that disks in low metallicity environments are heated differently and have shorter lifetimes, compared to their solar metallicity counterparts. Differences in stellar radii, the contraction rate of the stellar radius, and the shorter disk lifetimes result in faster rotation of low metallicity stars. We present an additional explanation for the observed short disk lifetimes in low metallicity clusters. A combination of our model with previous studies (e.g., a metallicity-based photo-evaporation) could help to understand disk evolution and dispersal at different metallicities. Furthermore, the stellar spin evolution model includes several important effects, previously ignored (e.g., the stellar magnetic field strength and a realistic calculation of the disk lifetime) and we motivate to include our results as initial or input parameters for further spin evolution models, covering the stellar evolution towards and during the main sequence.
description: accepted for publication in A&A
The Unpolarized and Polarized Single-Mass Three-Loop Heavy Flavor Operator Matrix Elements $A_{gg,Q}$ and $ΔA_{gg,Q}$
Creators: name: Ablinger, J.
name: Behring, A.
name: Blümlein, J.
name: De Freitas, A.
name: Schneider, A. Goedicke A. von Manteuffel C.
name: Schönwald, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the gluonic massive operator matrix elements in the unpolarized and polarized cases, $A_{gg,Q}(x,μ^2)$ and $ΔA_{gg,Q}(x,μ^2)$, at three-loop order for a single mass. These quantities contribute to the matching of the gluon distribution in the variable flavor number scheme. The polarized operator matrix element is calculated in the Larin scheme. These operator matrix elements contain finite binomial and inverse binomial sums in Mellin $N$-space and iterated integrals over square root-valued alphabets in momentum fraction $x$-space. We derive the necessary analytic relations for the analytic continuation of these quantities from the even or odd Mellin moments into the complex plane, present analytic expressions in momentum fraction $x$-space and derive numerical results. The present results complete the gluon transition matrix elements both of the single- and double-mass variable flavor number scheme to three-loop order.
description: 48 p LATEX, 4 figures
Comparing Graphs of Different Sizes
Creators: name: Lyons, Russell
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C05, 60C05 (Primary), 05C80, 05C81 (Secondary)

description: We consider two notions describing how one finite graph may be larger than another. Using them, we prove several theorems for such pairs that compare the number of spanning trees, the return probabilities of random walks, and the number of independent sets, among other combinatorial quantities. Our methods involve inequalities for determinants, for traces of functions of operators, and for entropy.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures