cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of Sequential Doses of Capreomycin Powder for Inhalation in Guinea Pigs
Creators: name: Muttil, Pavan
name: Garcia-Contreras, L.
name: Fallon, John K.
name: Hickey, Anthony J.
name: Kabadi, Mohan
name: Gerety, Robert
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: ABSTRACT The global control of tuberculosis (TB) is at risk by the spread of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB). Treatment of MDR TB is lengthy and involves injected drugs, such as capreomycin, that have severe side effects. It was previously reported that a single daily dose of inhaled capreomycin had a positive effect on the bacterial burden of TB-infected guinea pigs. The modest effect observed was possibly due to a dose that resulted in insufficient time of exposure to therapeutic systemic and local levels of the drug. In order to determine the length of time that systemic and local drug concentrations are above therapeutic levels during the treatment period, the present study investigated the disposition of capreomycin powders after sequential pulmonary administration of doses of 20 mg/kg of body weight. Capreomycin concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue of animals receiving a series of one, two, or three doses of capreomycin inhalable powder were significantly higher (50- to 100-fold) at all time points than plasma concentrations at the same time points or those observed in animals receiving capreomycin solution by intramuscular (i.m.) injection (10- to 100-fold higher). Notably, at the end of each dosing period, capreomycin concentrations in the lungs were approximately 100-fold higher than those in plasma and severalfold higher than the MIC, suggesting that sufficient capreomycin remains in the lung environment to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis . No accumulation of capreomycin powder was detected in the lungs after 3 pulmonary doses. These results indicate that the systemic disposition of capreomycin after inhalation is the same as when injected i.m. with the advantage that higher drug concentrations are present at all times in the lungs, the primary site of infection.
Accounting for Earnings Announcements in the Pricing of Equity Options
Creators: name: Leung, Tim
name: Santoli, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We study an option pricing framework that accounts for the price impact of an earnings announcement (EA), and analyze the behavior of the implied volatility surface prior to the event. On the announcement date, we incorporate a random jump to the stock price to represent the shock due to earnings. We consider different distributions of the scheduled earnings jump as well as different underlying stock price dynamics before and after the EA date. Our main contributions include analytical option pricing formulas when the underlying stock price follows the Kou model along with a double-exponential or Gaussian EA jump on the announcement date. Furthermore, we derive analytic bounds and asymptotics for the pre-EA implied volatility under various models. The calibration results demonstrate adequate fit of the entire implied volatility surface prior to an announcement. We also compare the risk-neutral distribution of the EA jump to its historical distribution. Finally, we discuss the valuation and exercise strategy of pre-EA American options, and illustrate an analytical approximation and numerical results.
description: 34 Pages
Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir following Intravaginal and Intrarectal Administration of Tenofovir Gel to Rhesus Macaques
Creators: name: Nuttall, Jeremy
name: Roberts, Jeffrey
name: Allen, Philip
name: Kashuba, Angela
name: Wang, Ruili
name: Romano, Joseph
name: White, Nicole
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: ABSTRACT Tenofovir gel (1%) is being developed as a microbicide for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and has been shown to reduce transmission to women by 39%. The gel also prevents infection in macaques when applied intravaginally or intrarectally prior to challenge with simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), but very little pharmacokinetic information for macaques is available to help extrapolate the data to humans and thus inform future development activities. We have determined the pharmacokinetics of tenofovir in macaques following intravaginal and intrarectal administration of 0.2, 1, and 5% gels. Plasma and vaginal and rectal fluid samples were collected up to 24 h after dosing, and at 24 h postdosing biopsy specimens were taken from the vaginal wall, cervix, and rectum. Following vaginal and rectal administration, tenofovir rapidly distributed to the matrices distal to the site of administration. In all matrices, exposure increased with increasing dose, and with the 1% and 5% formulations, concentrations remained detectable in most animals 24 h after dosing. At all doses, concentrations at the dosing site were typically 1 to 2 log units higher than those in the opposite compartment and 4 to 5 log units higher than those in plasma. Exposure in vaginal fluid after vaginal dosing was 58 to 82% lower than that in rectal fluid after rectal dosing, but plasma exposure was 1- to 2-fold greater after vaginal dosing than after rectal dosing. These data suggest that a tenofovir-based microbicide may have the potential to protect when exposure is via vaginal or anal intercourse, regardless of whether the microbicide is applied vaginally or rectally.
Rural mobility challenges : an analysis of nine rural Mobility-as-a-Service trials in Japan
Creators: name: Matsuzawa, Minori
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Rural mobility challenges
MaaS
Japan

description: Rural areas often experience challenges with the lack of adequate public transport options due to geographic and demographic characteristics. Lack of mobility options can negatively impact rural population by hindering access to social, medical services, and economic activities. This report explores novel mobility options and Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) concept and their implementation in rural areas in an attempt to examine possible solutions to rural mobility challenges. Nine rural MaaS cases are analyzed to provide examples for the study area in Japan (Oito Line area) facing the threat of possible rail service decommission. The analysis of case studies revealed that MaaS models can be applied to rural areas, and they can provide benefits of increasing service efficiency and mobility access. The findings also include numerous challenges for rural MaaS implementation such as a lack of financial and human resources, the need for accommodating elderly residents with limited digital literacy, the need for public-private partnership, and competing interests between stakeholders.
Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT). V. A Uniform Search for Transiting Planets in Young Clusters Observed by K2
Creators: name: Rizzuto, A.C.
name: Covey, K.R.
name: Kraus, A.L.
name: Vanderburg, A.
name: Mann, A.W.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2017

description: Detection of transiting exoplanets around young stars is more difficult than for older systems owing to increased stellar variability. Nine young open cluster planets have been found in the K2 data, but no single analysis pipeline identified all planets. We have developed a transit search pipeline for young stars that uses a transit-shaped notch and quadratic continuum in a 12 or 24 hr window to fit both the stellar variability and the presence of a transit. In addition, for the most rapid rotators ( days) we model the variability using a linear combination of observed rotations of each star. To maximally exploit our new pipeline, we update the membership for four stellar populations observed by K2 (Upper Scorpius, Pleiades, Hyades, Praesepe) and conduct a uniform search of the members. We identify all known transiting exoplanets in the clusters, 17 eclipsing binaries, one transiting planet candidate orbiting a potential Pleiades member, and three orbiting unlikely members of the young clusters. Limited injection recovery testing on the known planet hosts indicates that for the older Praesepe systems we are sensitive to additional exoplanets as small as 1-2 R ⊕, and for the larger Upper Scorpius planet host (K2-33) our pipeline is sensitive to ∼4 R ⊕ transiting planets. The lack of detected multiple systems in the young clusters is consistent with the expected frequency from the original Kepler sample, within our detection limits. With a robust pipeline that detects all known planets in the young clusters, occurrence rate testing at young ages is now possible.
Linear adiabatic analysis for general relativistic instability in primordial accreting supermassive stars
Creators: name: Saio, Hideyuki
name: Nandal, Devesh
name: Ekstroem, Sylvia
name: Meynet, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accreting supermassive stars of $\gtrsim 10^{5}\,M_\odot$ will eventually collapse directly to a black hole via the general relativistic (GR) instability. Such direct collapses of supermassive stars are thought to be a possible formation channel for supermassive black holes at $z > 6$. In this work, we investigate the final mass of accreting Population III stars with constant accretion rates between $0.01$ and $1000\,M_\odot$yr$^{-1}$. We determine the final mass by solving the differential equation for the general relativistic linear adiabatic radial pulsations. We find that models with accretion rates $\gtrsim 0.05\,M_\odot$yr$^{-1}$ experience the GR instability at masses depending on the accretion rates. The critical masses are larger for higher accretion rates, ranging from $8\times10^{4}\,M_\odot$ for $0.05\,M_\odot$yr$^{-1}$ to $\sim10^6\,M_\odot$ for $1000\,M_\odot$yr$^{-1}$. The $0.05\,M_\odot$yr$^{-1}$ model reaches the GR instability at the end of the core hydrogen burning. The higher mass models with the higher accretion rates reach the GR instability during the hydrogen burning stage.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Experimental discovery of Weyl semimetal TaAs
Creators: name: Lv, B. Q.
name: Weng, H. M.
name: Fu, B. B.
name: Wang, X. P.
name: Miao, H.
name: Ma, J.
name: Richard, P.
name: Huang, X. C.
name: Zhao, L. X.
name: Chen, G. F.
name: Fang, Z.
name: Dai, X.
name: Qian, T.
name: Ding, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weyl semimetals are a class of materials that can be regarded as three-dimensional analogs of graphene breaking time reversal or inversion symmetry. Electrons in a Weyl semimetal behave as Weyl fermions, which have many exotic properties, such as chiral anomaly and magnetic monopoles in the crystal momentum space. The surface state of a Weyl semimetal displays pairs of entangled Fermi arcs at two opposite surfaces. However, the existence of Weyl semimetals has not yet been proved experimentally. Here we report the experimental realization of a Weyl semimetal in TaAs by observing Fermi arcs formed by its surface states using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Our first-principles calculations, matching remarkably well with the experimental results, further confirm that TaAs is a Weyl semimetal.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, see also theoretical paper on TaAs arXiv:1501.00060
Nutrient chemistry and seasonal variation in the groundwater quality of a Riverine Island on the west coast of Kerala, India
Creators: name: Pazhuparambil Jayarajan, Sajil Kumar
name: Kokkat, Aswin
name: Kurian, P. K.
name: James, E. J.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Riverine Island
subject: Groundwater
subject: Water quality
subject: Seasonal variation
subject: Nutrient chemistry
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: This study attempted to evaluate the groundwater quality, with a special emphasis on nutrients, of a riverine coastal island near Kodungallur, Kerala. Water quality parameters were analyzed in the collected samples over pre- and post-monsoon seasons. A considerable variation in groundwater chemistry was observed in the two periods. During pre-monsoon season, many wells were contaminated with TDS, Cl, Fe, Ca and Mg in certain locations. Whereas, post-monsoon water was relatively fresh, indicating the dilution process as well as aquifer recharge by the monsoon rain and consequent regression of saline water. A higher concentration of Fe was observed in the pre-monsoon season (41%) than in the post-monsoon season (24%). Nitrate and phosphates were analyzed to assess the nutrients and the observed concentration was below their corresponding permissible limits. Results show that overexploitation of the aquifer as well as the decreased flow of the River Periyar during the pre-monsoon period increased the threat from seawater intrusion and groundwater contamination. An interesting groundwater recharge mechanism locally known as backwashing—the diversion of rainwater from rooftops to dug wells—is being practiced in the study area and has been found to be effective in raising water levels and improving water quality.
Die Holzschneidekunst in Zürich im sechszehnten Jahrhundert. 1. Heft
Creators: name: Vögelin, Salomon
Publisher: name: Orell Füssli & Co.
Year: 1879
Subjects: subject: 761 Hochdruckverfahren (Blockdruck)
subject: 949 Geschichte anderer Teile Europas
subject: Neujahrsblatt
subject: Zürich
subject: Holzschnitt

description: Beilage "Zusätze und Verbesserungen"
The State-of-the-Art Estimation of Groundwater Recharge and Water Balance with a Special Emphasis on India: A Critical Review
Creators: name: Pazhuparambil Jayarajan, Sajil Kumar
name: Schneider, Michael
name: Lakshmanan, Elango
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: groundwater
subject: aquifers
subject: recharge estimation
subject: suitability analysis
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: Groundwater recharge estimation is essential for sustainable water management and water supply schemes. In this paper, we review groundwater recharge estimation techniques and identify the appropriate methods by considering India’s hydrological and climatic conditions. Significant components of recharge, factors affecting groundwater recharge, aquifer systems of India, and historical groundwater recharge estimation practices are reviewed. Currently used recharge estimation methods are assessed based on case studies. The most popular estimation methods are studied and compared based on their application in various regions. It is observed that the accuracy of the recharge estimates is largely influenced by false assumptions, the possibility of erroneous measurements, a potential lack of reliable data, and a variety of problems associated with parameter estimation. The suitability of different methods for a region is found to depend on time and space considerations, the objective of the study, hydrogeological condition, and availability of data. In Indian conditions, it is suggested to use water table fluctuation and water balance methods for the recharge estimation, provided that accurate water level measurements are assured.
Size matters: are we witnessing super-Eddington accretion in high-redshift black holes from JWST?
Creators: name: Lupi, Alessandro
name: Trinca, Alessandro
name: Volonteri, Marta
name: Dotti, Massimo
name: Mazzucchelli, Chiara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations by the James Webb Space Telescope of the Universe at $z\gtrsim 4$ have shown that massive black holes (MBHs) appear extremely overmassive compared to the local correlation for active galactic nuclei. In some cases, these objects might even reach half the stellar mass inferred for the galaxy. Understanding how such objects formed and grew to this masses has then become a big challenge for theoretical models, with different ideas ranging from heavy seed to super-Eddington accretion phases. Here, we take a different approach, and try to infer how accurate these MBH mass estimates are and whether we really need to revise our physical models. By considering how the emerging spectrum (both the continuum and the broad lines) of an accreting MBH changes close to and above the Eddington limit, we infer a much larger uncertainty in the MBH mass estimates relative to that of local counterparts, up to an order of magnitude, and a potential preference for lower masses and higher accretion rates, which i) move them closer to the local correlations, and ii) might indicate that we are witnessing for the first time a widespread phase of very rapid accretion.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, submitted to A&A
Inflationary universe from higher-derivative quantum gravity
Creators: name: Myrzakulov, Ratbay
name: Odintsov, Sergei
name: Sebastiani, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider higher-derivative quantum gravity where renormalization group improved effective action beyond one-loop approximation is derived. Using this effective action, the quantum-corrected FRW equations are analyzed. De Sitter universe solution is found. It is demonstrated that such de Sitter inflationary universe is instable. The slow-roll inflationary parameters are calculated. The contribution of renormalization group improved Gauss-Bonnet term to quantum-corrected FRW equations as well as to instability of de Sitter universe is estimated. It is demonstrated that in this case the spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio are consistent with Planck data.
description: final version, 17 pages, accepted in Phys. Rev. D
The gold standard: Accurate stellar and planetary parameters for eight kepler m dwarf systems enabled by parallaxes
Creators: name: Mann, A.W.
name: Dupuy, T.
name: Liu, M.C.
name: Dalba, P.A.
name: Johnson, M.C.
name: Muirhead, P.S.
name: Hadden, S.
name: Ansdell, M.
name: Swift, J.J.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2017

description: We report parallaxes and proper motions from the Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program for eight nearby M dwarf stars with transiting exoplanets discovered by Kepler. We combine our directly measured distances with mass-luminosity and radius-luminosity relationships to significantly improve constraints on the host stars' properties. Our astrometry enables the identification of wide stellar companions to the planet hosts. Within our limited sample, all the multi-transiting planet hosts (three of three) appear to be single stars, while nearly all (four of five) of the systems with a single detected planet have wide stellar companions. By applying strict priors on average stellar density from our updated radius and mass in our transit fitting analysis, we measure the eccentricity probability distributions for each transiting planet. Planets in single-star systems tend to have smaller eccentricities than those in binaries, although this difference is not significant in our small sample. In the case of Kepler-42bcd, where the eccentricities are known to be ≃0, we demonstrate that such systems can serve as powerful tests of M dwarf evolutionary models by working in space. The transit-fit density for Kepler-42bcd is inconsistent with model predictions at 2.1σ (22%), but matches more empirical estimates at 0.2σ (2%), consistent with earlier results showing model radii of M dwarfs are underinflated. Gaia will provide high-precision parallaxes for the entire Kepler M dwarf sample, and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite will identify more planets transiting nearby, late-type stars, enabling significant improvements in our understanding of the eccentricity distribution of small planets and the parameters of late-type dwarfs.
Exploring the Stellar Rotation of Early-type Stars in the LAMOST Medium-resolution Survey. III. Evolution
Creators: name: Sun, Weijia
name: Chiappini, Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar rotation significantly shapes the evolution of massive stars, yet the interplay of mass and metallicity remains elusive, limiting our capacity to construct accurate stellar evolution models and to better estimate the impact of rotation in chemical evolution of galaxies. Our goal is to investigate how mass and metallicity influence the rotational evolution of A-type stars on the main sequence (MS). We seek to identify deviations in rotational behaviors that could serve as new constraints to existing stellar models. Using the LAMOST median-resolution survey Data Release 9, we derived stellar parameters for a population of 104,752 A-type stars. Our study focused on the evolution of surface rotational velocities and their dependence on mass and metallicity in 84,683 `normal' stars. Normalized surface rotational revealed a prevailing evolutionary profile from 1.7 to 4.0 $M_\odot$. This profile features an initial rapid acceleration until $t/t_\mathrm{ms} = 0.25$, potentially a second acceleration peak near $t/t_\mathrm{ms} = 0.55$ for stars heavier than 2.5 $M_\odot$, followed by a steady decline and a `hook' feature at the end. Surpassing theoretical expectations, the initial acceleration likely stems from a concentrated distribution of angular momentum at ZAMS, resulting in a prolonged increase in speed. The inverse circulation becomes more efficient at lower metallicity, explaining the correlation of the slope of this deceleration phase with metallicity from -0.3 dex up to 0.1 dex. The metal-poor subsample suggests a mechanism dependent on metallicity for removing angular momentum during star formation. The proportion of fast rotators decreases with an increase in metallicity, up to $\log(Z/Z_\odot)\sim -0.2$, a trend consistent with observations of OB-type stars found in the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Until the End of the Word
Creators: name: CIORRA, Giuseppe Pippo
Publisher: name: Institute for Philosophy and Social Theory (IFDT), University of Belgrade
Year: 2025
Subjects: representation
theory
image
technology
art
activism
science

description: Thinkers of the Architecture world, and of the arts in general, love to play with the notion of the “end,” often associated with death, which in turn is easily reflected in the modernist concept of tabula rasa, fueling the avant-garde spirit of twentieth-century architecture. From Duchamp to postmodernism, art—and architecture—seems to sustain itself and its social function by playing with the progressive disruption (an “end”) of every representational code, continuously questioning the very possibility of existing and having agency in the world. In the middle decades of the second half of the century such permanent condition of de-construction was embodied by a leading architecture tendency, gaining most of its allure and authority by the close dialogue/collaboration with philosophers. This essay discusses how such design attitude has also come to an end. The reasons for this shift are to be found in two main areas. The first is today’s Weltaanschuuung—the cultural and anthropological condition we live in, compared to the final decades of the twentieth century and the early twenty-first. This can be examined by looking at how philosophy and its sister disciplines are reacting to these new conditions, gradually distancing themselves from architecture. The second is the loss of a set of protocols that once governed the relationships between theory, practice, and representation, as well as the loss of philosophy as the main partner in defining these protocols—an arrangement that had existed since Kant’s Critique of the Power of Judgment (1790).
Effects of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) powder on quality attributes and consumer acceptance of pound cakes
Creators: name: Saifullah, Said B
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 90805 Food Processing
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: 170112 Sensory Processes, Perception and Performance
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 150501 Consumer-Oriented Product or Service Development
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The effects of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) powder on the physicochemical and sensory attributes of pound cakes were investigated. Based on the red skin surrounding the kernel, two types of powders were partially substituted to wheat flour at three different levels (0%, 15% and 30%, w/w) with other ingredients at their constant levels. The proximate analysis showed that the addition of groundnut powder had increased the crude protein, crude fiber, and total fat contents significantly (p < 0.05) ranging from 9.625% to 11.025%, 0.273% to 0.9375%, and 7.57% to 13.463% respectively. The peroxide value had decreased from 15.45 mEq/kg to 11.23 mEq/kg showing good antioxidant properties and the probability of higher shelf life. The approximate yielded energy varied significantly (p < 0.05) ranged from 281.40 Kcal to 314.57 Kcal. There were
significant differences (p < 0.05) in the sensory attributes (color, flavor, taste, and overall acceptability) of the formulated cakes excluding texture. The Duncan Multiple Range Test concluded that the groundnut kernel powder without the red skins can be substituted up to 30% to wheat flour in the formulation of pound cakes to achieve the best consumer acceptance.
Boosting Sustainability in Egypt by Developing Initiatives to Promote Smart Energy Systems
Creators: name: Konbr, Usama
name: Maher, Ehab
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 120101 Architectural Design
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)
subject: 120104 Architectural Science and Technology (incl. Acoustics, Lighting, Structure and Ecologically Sustainable Design)
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: 120199 Architecture not elsewhere classified

description: Egypt is striving to improve energy exports and efficiency. Smart Buildings (SBs) promote sustainability and represent an essential pillar of smart cities. Smart Systems (SSs) are the physical infrastructure of SBs, serving the integration between their components and the users. Smart energy systems (SESs) are among the essential SSs in SBs. This article aims is to boost sustainability, relying on increasing energy efficiency by harnessing the SESs, which are divided into three key divisions: Smart energy management (SEMS), smart energy generating (SEGSs), and smart energy consumption (SECSs). It concluded the features of SESs to analyze several international and local case studies. Then, it developed and checked 35 initiatives of SESs, relying on in-depth local surveys, to address smartness features in energy systems (ESs) according to their priority, availability, and cost. These initiatives represent an appropriate and customized guide to architects, stakeholders, and decision-makers, especially in the Egyptian scope. The study results concluded that only 22 initiatives were achieved by 62.86% and addressed their efficiencies. The discussion interpreted losing the 16 absent and weak initiatives regarding the technical, economic, and social obstacles to strengthen the current Egyptian unprecedented urban development decision-making. © 2021, World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society. All rights reserved.
Kepler-1649b: An Exo-Venus in the Solar Neighborhood
Creators: name: Quintana, E.V.
name: Huber, D.
name: Burningham, B.
name: Still, M.
name: Rowe, J.F.
name: Barclay, T.
name: Kane, S.R.
name: Howell, S.B.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Ciardi, D.R.
name: Angelo, I.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2017

description: The Kepler mission has revealed that Earth-sized planets are common, and dozens have been discovered to orbit in or near their host star's habitable zone. A major focus in astronomy is to determine which of these exoplanets are likely to have Earth-like properties that are amenable to follow-up with both ground- and future space-based surveys, with an ultimate goal of probing their atmospheres to look for signs of life. Venus-like atmospheres will be of particular interest in these surveys. While Earth and Venus evolved to have similar sizes and densities, it remains unclear what factors led to the dramatic divergence of their atmospheres. Studying analogs to both Earth and Venus can thus shed light on the limits of habitability and the potential for life on known exoplanets. Here, we present the discovery and confirmation of Kepler-1649b, an Earth-sized planet orbiting a nearby M5V star that receives incident flux at a level similar to that of Venus. We present our methods for characterizing the star, using a combination of point-spread function photometry, ground-based spectroscopy, and imaging, to confirm the planetary nature of Kepler-1649b. Planets like Kepler-1649b will be prime candidates for atmospheric and habitability studies in the next generation of space missions.
Dynamic Gaussian Marbles for Novel View Synthesis of Casual Monocular Videos
Creators: name: Stearns, Colton
name: Harley, Adam
name: Uy, Mikaela
name: Dubost, Florian
name: Tombari, Federico
name: Wetzstein, Gordon
name: Guibas, Leonidas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Gaussian splatting has become a popular representation for novel-view synthesis, exhibiting clear strengths in efficiency, photometric quality, and compositional edibility. Following its success, many works have extended Gaussians to 4D, showing that dynamic Gaussians maintain these benefits while also tracking scene geometry far better than alternative representations. Yet, these methods assume dense multi-view videos as supervision. In this work, we are interested in extending the capability of Gaussian scene representations to casually captured monocular videos. We show that existing 4D Gaussian methods dramatically fail in this setup because the monocular setting is underconstrained. Building off this finding, we propose a method we call Dynamic Gaussian Marbles, which consist of three core modifications that target the difficulties of the monocular setting. First, we use isotropic Gaussian "marbles'', reducing the degrees of freedom of each Gaussian. Second, we employ a hierarchical divide and-conquer learning strategy to efficiently guide the optimization towards solutions with globally coherent motion. Finally, we add image-level and geometry-level priors into the optimization, including a tracking loss that takes advantage of recent progress in point tracking. By constraining the optimization, Dynamic Gaussian Marbles learns Gaussian trajectories that enable novel-view rendering and accurately capture the 3D motion of the scene elements. We evaluate on the Nvidia Dynamic Scenes dataset and the DyCheck iPhone dataset, and show that Gaussian Marbles significantly outperforms other Gaussian baselines in quality, and is on-par with non-Gaussian representations, all while maintaining the efficiency, compositionality, editability, and tracking benefits of Gaussians. Our project page can be found here https://geometry.stanford.edu/projects/dynamic-gaussian-marbles.github.io/.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Metronidazole Evaluated Using Scavenged Samples from Preterm Infants
Creators: name: Zadell, Arlene
name: Smith, P. Brian
name: Cohen-Wolkowiez, Michael
name: James, Laura P.
name: Newman, Nancy
name: Walsh, Michele C.
name: White, Nicole R.
name: Sullivan, Janice E.
name: Ouellet, Daniele
name: Ross, Ashley
name: Benjamin, Daniel K.
name: Kashuba, Angela D. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: ABSTRACT Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in preterm infants are rarely conducted due to the research challenges posed by this population. To overcome these challenges, minimal-risk methods such as scavenged sampling can be used to evaluate the PK of commonly used drugs in this population. We evaluated the population PK of metronidazole using targeted sparse sampling and scavenged samples from infants that were ≤32 weeks of gestational age at birth and <120 postnatal days. A 5-center study was performed. A population PK model using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling (NONMEM) was developed. Covariate effects were evaluated based on estimated precision and clinical significance. Using the individual Bayesian PK estimates from the final population PK model and the dosing regimen used for each subject, the proportion of subjects achieving the therapeutic target of trough concentrations >8 mg/liter was calculated. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to evaluate the adequacy of different dosing recommendations per gestational age group. Thirty-two preterm infants were enrolled: the median (range) gestational age at birth was 27 (22 to 32) weeks, postnatal age was 41 (0 to 97) days, postmenstrual age (PMA) was 32 (24 to 43) weeks, and weight was 1,495 (678 to 3,850) g. The final PK data set contained 116 samples; 104/116 (90%) were scavenged from discarded clinical specimens. Metronidazole population PK was best described by a 1-compartment model. The population mean clearance (CL; liter/h) was determined as 0.0397 × (weight/1.5) × (PMA/32) 2.49 using a volume of distribution ( V ) (liter) of 1.07 × (weight/1.5). The relative standard errors around parameter estimates ranged between 11% and 30%. On average, metronidazole concentrations in scavenged samples were 30% lower than those measured in scheduled blood draws. The majority of infants (>70%) met predefined pharmacodynamic efficacy targets. A new, simplified, postmenstrual-age-based dosing regimen is recommended for this population. Minimal-risk methods such as scavenged PK sampling provided meaningful information related to development of metronidazole PK models and dosing recommendations.
Survey of End-to-End Mobile Network Measurement Testbeds, Tools, and Services
Creators: name: Goel, Utkarsh
name: Wittie, Mike P.
name: Claffy, Kimberly C.
name: Le, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2.1; C.2.3

description: Mobile (cellular) networks enable innovation, but can also stifle it and lead to user frustration when network performance falls below expectations. As mobile networks become the predominant method of Internet access, developer, research, network operator, and regulatory communities have taken an increased interest in measuring end-to-end mobile network performance to, among other goals, minimize negative impact on application responsiveness. In this survey we examine current approaches to end-to-end mobile network performance measurement, diagnosis, and application prototyping. We compare available tools and their shortcomings with respect to the needs of researchers, developers, regulators, and the public. We intend for this survey to provide a comprehensive view of currently active efforts and some auspicious directions for future work in mobile network measurement and mobile application performance evaluation.
description: Submitted to IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials. arXiv does not format the URL references correctly. For a correctly formatted version of this paper go to http://www.cs.montana.edu/mwittie/publications/Goel14Survey.pdf
Dissertação Raquel A. F. .pdf
Creators: name: Fohesato, Raquel
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: 130313 Teacher Education and Professional Development of Educators
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 130102 Early Childhood Education (excl. Maori)

description: The purpose of this qualitative documentary research is to investigate which knowledge related to the area of ​​Natural Science, to its teaching and learning are manifested in the menus and teaching plans of Pedagogy courses for the training of graduates, with a view to Child education? Therefore, the objective was to unveil what is manifested in the curricular structures of Pedagogy Degree courses at Federal Public Universities, identifying the knowledge base necessary for the Teaching of Natural Science in Early Childhood Education. In order to answer the problem and reach the proposed goal, firstly it was sought to present the context in which the present research is inserted. It was used for this propose the contribution of authors such as Kuhlmann Jr. (1991, 2000, 2005, 2015, 2016), Vieira (1988), Kramer (2006), Craidy (2012) and Cerisara (1999, 2002). In the second part of this work, the theoretical framework on the formation of teachers teaching Natural Science is presented the thoughts of Carvalho and Gil-Pérez (2011), Shulman (1986, 1987, 2014), Grossman (1990) and Carlsen (2002) and on the issue of the curriculum the contributions of Sacristán (2000, 2013). The third part presents the issues related to the development of the research. As the first step in this path, the results of the bibliographic reviews carried out on the Scielo, Bank of Thesis and Dissertation of Capes and ENPEC Annal platforms are presented. It can be seen from this search that there is little national research on this subject that is relevant for Brazilian education. The research corpus is constituted by the menus and teaching plans of the disciplines that approach the Teaching of Natural Science in classroom Pedagogy Degree courses of Federal Universities. These documents were obtained online and / or through e-mail responses sent to educational institutions. For the corpus analysis it was used as methodology the Content Analysis (MORAES, 1999; BARDIN, 2016). As a result of the data analysis process, a priori codes based on Carlsen (2002) and 6 emergent codes were used. These codes were distributed in three homonymous categories of knowledge that form the basis for the teaching proposed by Shulman (1986, 1987, 2014). As a result of this categorization process the presence in the disciplines analyzed of all the necessary knowledge for the Teaching of Natural Science was perceived. Aiming for a better adaptation to the reality of Early Childhood Education, a model was proposed that portrays the knowledge base necessary for the Teaching of Natural Science in Early Childhood Education. The aim of this study is to contribute to the training of teachers who will teach Natural Science at this level of education, promoting respect both in the existing characteristics of this knowledge area and the work in Early Childhood Education.
Approaches to Antifungal Therapies and Their Effectiveness among Patients with Cryptococcosis
Creators: name: El Husseini, Nada
name: Weber, David J.
name: Stürmer, Til
name: Perfect, John R.
name: Chastain, Cody A.
name: Juliano, Jonathan J.
name: Poole, Charles
name: Lee, Michael S.
name: Bratton, Emily W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to determine the degree to which the persistence of cryptococcosis, overall 1-year mortality, and 1-year mortality due to cryptococcosis were influenced by initial antifungal treatment regimen in a cohort of adults with cryptococcosis treated at a tertiary care medical center. Risk factors, underlying conditions, treatment, and mortality information were obtained for 204 adults with cryptococcosis from Duke University Medical Center (DUMC) from 1996 to 2009. Adjusted risk ratios (RR) for persistence and hazard ratios (HR) for mortality were estimated for each exposure. The all-cause mortality rate among patients with nonsevere disease (20%) was similar to that in the group with disease (26%). However, the rate of cryptococcosis-attributable mortality with nonsevere disease (5%) was much lower than with severe disease (20%). Flucytosine exposure was associated with a lower overall mortality rate (HR, 0.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2 to 0.9) and attributable mortality rate (HR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2 to 1.2). Receiving a nonrecommended antifungal regimen was associated with a higher relative risk of persistent infection at 4 weeks (RR, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.9 to 4.3), and the rate of attributable mortality among those not receiving the recommended dose of initial therapy was higher than that of those receiving recommended dosing (HR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.0 to 5.0). Thus, the 2010 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines are supported by this retrospective review as a best-practice protocol for cryptococcal management. Future investigations should consider highlighting the distinction between all-cause mortality and attributable mortality so as not to overestimate the true effect of cryptococcosis on patient death.
ZODIACAL EXOPLANETS in TIME (ZEIT). IV. SEVEN TRANSITING PLANETS in the PRAESEPE CLUSTER
Creators: name: Sokal, K.R.
name: Vanderburg, A.
name: Ansdell, M.
name: Kraus, A.L.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Mace, G.N.
name: Gaidos, E.
name: Rizzuto, A.C.
name: Medina, J.V.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2017

description: Open clusters and young stellar associations are attractive sites to search for planets and to test theories of planet formation, migration, and evolution. We present our search for, and characterization of, transiting planets in the 800 Myr old Praesepe (Beehive, M44) Cluster from K2 light curves. We identify seven planet candidates, six of which we statistically validate to be real planets, the last of which requires more data. For each host star, we obtain high-resolution NIR spectra to measure its projected rotational broadening and radial velocity, the latter of which we use to confirm cluster membership. We combine low-resolution spectra with the known cluster distance and metallicity to provide precise temperatures, masses, radii, and luminosities for the host stars. Combining our measurements of rotational broadening, rotation periods, and our derived stellar radii, we show that all planetary orbits are consistent with alignment to their host star's rotation. We fit the K2 light curves, including priors on stellar density to put constraints on the planetary eccentricities, all of which are consistent with zero. The difference between the number of planets found in Praesepe and Hyades (8 planets, Myr) and a similar data set for Pleiades (0 planets, ≃125 Myr) suggests a trend with age, but may be due to incompleteness of current search pipelines for younger, faster-rotating stars. We see increasing evidence that some planets continue to lose atmosphere past 800 Myr, as now two planets at this age have radii significantly larger than their older counterparts from Kepler.
Digging deeper into the dense Galactic globular cluster Terzan 5 with Electron-Multiplying CCDs. Variable star detection and new discoveries
Creators: name: Jaimes, R. Figuera
name: Catelan, M.
name: Horne, K.
name: Skottfelt, J.
name: Snodgrass, C.
name: Dominik, M.
name: Jørgensen, U. G.
name: Southworth, J.
name: Hundertmark, M.
name: Longa-Peña, P.
name: Sajadian, S.
name: Tregolan-Reed, J.
name: Hinse, T. C.
name: Andersen, M. I.
name: Bonavita, M.
name: Bozza, V.
name: Burgdorf, M. J.
name: Haikala, L.
name: Khalouei, E.
name: Korhonen, H.
name: Peixinho, N.
name: Rabus, M.
name: Rahvar, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. High frame-rate imaging was employed to mitigate the effects of atmospheric turbulence (seeing) in observations of globular cluster Terzan 5.
 Aims. High-precision time-series photometry has been obtained with the highest angular resolution so far taken in the crowded central region of Terzan 5, with ground-based telescopes, and ways to avoid saturation of the brightest stars in the field observed.
 Methods. The Electron-Multiplying Charge Coupled Device (EMCCD) camera installed at the Danish 1.54-m telescope at the ESO La Silla Observatory was employed to produce thousands of short-exposure time images (ten images per second) that were stacked to produce the normal-exposure-time images (minutes). We employed difference image analysis in the stacked images to produce high-precision photometry using the DanDIA pipeline.
 Results. Light curves of 1670 stars with 242 epochs were analyzed in the crowded central region of Terzan 5 to statistically detect variable stars in the field observed. We present a possible visual counterpart outburst at the position of the pulsar J1748-2446N, and the visual counterpart light curve of the low-mass X-ray binary CX 3. Additionally, we present the discovery of 4 semiregular variables. We also present updated ephemerides and properties of the only RR Lyrae star previously known in the field covered by our observations in Terzan 5. Finally, we report a significant displacement of two sources by ~0.62 and 0.59 arcseconds with respect to their positions in previous images available in the literature.
description: 22 pages, 18 figures, 7 tables. Accepted for publication in A&A
Anisotropic Ripple Deformation in Phosphorene
Creators: name: Kou, Liangzhi
name: Ma, Yandong
name: Smith, Sean C.
name: Chen, Changfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional materials tend to become crumpled according to the Mermin-Wagner theorem, and the resulting ripple deformation may significantly influence electronic properties as observed in graphene and MoS2. Here we unveil by first-principles calculations a new, highly anisotropic ripple pattern in phosphorene, a monolayer black phosphorus, where compression induced ripple deformation occurs only along the zigzag direction in the strain range up to 10%, but not the armchair direction. This direction-selective ripple deformation mode in phosphorene stems from its puckered structure with coupled hinge-like bonding configurations and the resulting anisotropic Poisson ratio. We also construct an analytical model using classical elasticity theory for ripple deformation in phosphorene under arbitrary strain. The present results offer new insights into the mechanisms governing the structural and electronic properties of phosphorene crucial to its device applications.
description: J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2015
Ion Selective Extended Floating Gate CMOS FET Biosensor for DNA charge detection
Creators: name: Pandey, Santosh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other biological sciences not elsewhere classified

description: A CMOS biosensor with a folded floating-gate is created to detect charged biochemical molecules. It contains a FET, a control-gate and a sensing area. The floating-gate spans the whole device, allowing the sensing area to be placed on top of the FET, resulting in a decrease of the device's total area. The device is sensitive to the polarity and quantity of charged poly amino acids and could be used for electronic recognition of temporal and spatial migration of charges, such as in biological phenomena.
 B. Chen, A. Parashar and S. Pandey, "Folded Floating-Gate CMOS Biosensor for the Detection of Charged Biochemical Molecules," in IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 2906-2910, Nov. 2011, doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2011.2149514.
 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5762313