Photis oxalai, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Nogueira, Marcos Moura
name: Alves, Jessika
name: Neves, Elizabeth
name: Johnsson, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Photidae
Photis
Photis oxalai

description: Photis oxalai sp. nov.
(Figures 1–4)
Examined material
Holotype. One male, 3.0 mm in length, TTNB, Salvador City, Todos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, 12°58 ʹ 14.1”S, 38°30 ʹ 55.4”W; depth 5 m, 30 August 2019, associated with Tedania ignis and Tubastraea spp., UFBA 3668.
Allotype. One female, 3.6 mm in length, TTNB, Salvador City, Todos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, 12°58 ʹ 14.1”S, 38°30 ʹ 55.4”W; depth 5 m, 30 August 2019, associated with Tedania ignis and Tubastraea spp., UFBA 3669.
Paratypes. Seventeen ovigerous females, 2–3 mm in length, TTNB, Salvador City, Todosos-Santos Bay, Bahia State, 12°58 ʹ 14.1”S, 38°30 ʹ 55.4”W; depth 5 m, 30 August 2019, associated with Tedania ignis and Tubastraea spp., UFBA 3670.
Thirty juveniles, 0.3–0.5 mm in length, TTNB, Salvador City, Todos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, 12°58 ʹ 14.1”S, 38°30 ʹ 55.4”W; depth 5 m, 30 August 2019, associated with Tedania ignis and Tubastraea spp., UFBA 3671.
Fifteen males, 2.5–3.5 mm in length, TTNB, Salvador City, Todos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, 12°58 ʹ 14.1”S, 38°30 ʹ 55.4”W; depth 5 m, 30 August 2019, associated with Tedania ignis and Tubastraea spp., UFBA 3672.
Four females, 2.8–3.0 mm in length, YCB, Salvador City, Todos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, 12°59 ʹ 58.4”S, 38°31 ʹ 50.7”W; depth 2 m, 10 December 2019, associated with Callyspongia sp., UFBA 3673.
Thirteen males, 2.8–3.0 mm in length, YCB, Salvador City, Todos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, 12°59 ʹ 58.4”S, 38°31 ʹ 50.7”W; depth 2 m, 10 December 2019, associated with Callyspongia sp., UFBA 3674.
Eleven males, 20 females, 10 juveniles, 2.0–3.0 mm in length, TTNB, Salvador City, Todos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, 12°58 ʹ 14.1”S, 38°30 ʹ 55.4”W; depth 5 m, 30 August 2019, associated with debris from the substratum, UFBA 3675.
Twelve males, 5 females, 3.0– 3.5 mm in length, TTNB, Salvador City, Todos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, 12°58 ʹ 14.1”S, 38°30 ʹ 55.4”W; depth 5 m, 30 August 2019, associated with Darwinella sp., UFBA 3676.
Ten males, 5 juveniles, 2.0– 3.6 mm in length, TTNB, Salvador City, Todos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, 12°58 ʹ 14.1”S, 38°30 ʹ 55.4”W; depth 5 m, 20 September 2019, associated with Darwinella sp. and Tubastraea spp., UFBA 3677.
Ten males, 8 females, 12 juveniles, 1.8–3.2 mm in length, TTNB, Salvador City, Todos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, 12°58 ʹ 14.1”S, 38°30 ʹ 55.4”W; depth 5 m, 30 August 2019, associated with Phallusia nigra and Tubastraea spp., UFBA 3678.
Eleven males, 5 juveniles, 2.0– 3.5 mm in length, TTNB, Salvador City, Todos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, 12°58 ʹ 14.1”S, 38°30 ʹ 55.4”W; depth 5 m, 30 August 2019; associated with Chlatria sp. and Tubastraea spp., UFBA 3679.
Twelve males, 30 females, 3.0– 3.6 mm in length, TTNB, Salvador City, Todos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, 12°58 ʹ 14.1”S 38°30 ʹ 55.4”W; depth 5 m, 30 August 2019, associated with Chlatria sp., UFBA 3680.
Ten males, 14 females, 2 ovigerous females, 3.0– 3.6 mm in length, TTNB, Salvador City, Todos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, 12°58 ʹ 14.1”S, 38°30 ʹ 55.4”W; depth 5 m, 30 August 2019, associated with Dysidea etheria, UFBA 3681.
Ten males, 3.1–3.6 mm in length, TTNB, Salvador City, Todos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, 12°58 ʹ 14.1”S, 38°30 ʹ 55.4”W; depth 5 m, 30 August 2019, associated with Dysidea etheria, UFBA 3681.
Ten males, 3.0– 3.5 mm in length, TTNB, Salvador City, Todos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, 12°58 ʹ 14.1”S 38°30 ʹ 55.4”W; depth 5 m, 30 August 2019, associated with Tubastraea spp., UFBA 3682.
Ten males, 3.2–3.5 mm in length, TTNB, Salvador City, Todos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, 12°58 ʹ 14.1”S 38°30 ʹ 55.4”W; depth 5 m, 30 August 2019, associated with Tubastraea spp. and Chlatria sp., UFBA 3683.
Diagnosis
Eyes subrounded and small. Epistome conical and not curved. Mandible asymmetrical. Gnathopod 1 carpus, propodus and dactylus with posterior margins serrated. Male gnathopod 2 propodus palm acute with medial excavation and medial tooth, defined by an acute spine. Coxae 3 and 4 with stridulating ridges. Pereopods 5–7 dactylus with accessory spines. Uropods 1–2 peduncle longer than rami. Uropod 3 outer ramus longer than peduncle. Telson subtriangular, with 4 lateral small simple setae and 2 distofacial long and simple setae.
Etymology
The species name refers to Oxalá, a deity responsible for human creation, worshiped by all African-based religions in Salvador, being a symbol of union and peace.
Description
Antenna 1 bigger than antenna 2, peduncle 1.3 times longer than flagellum; peduncular article 1 twice wider than article 2, ventral margin with 3 small setae and 1 long seta; peduncular article 2 1.3 times longer than article 1, ventral margin with 6 sets of setae; peduncular article 3 1.6 times shorter than article 2, ventral margin with 4 sets of setae (Figure 2). Accessory flagellum absent; primary flagellum with 8 articles, distal article reduced (Figure 2). Antenna 2 cone gland not reaching the end of article 3; article 4 is 1.2 times shorter than article 5; primary flagellum with 6 articles (Figure 2). Head lateral cephalic lobes rounded and narrow, eyes subrounded with dark ommatidia, inserted into the cephalic lobes (Figure 2).
Epistome conical, not curved (Figure 2). Upper lip distally acute with apical small setae (Figure 2). Mandible incisor asymmetrical, right incisor with 5 teeth, left incisor with 3 teeth; lacinia mobilis asymmetrical, the right lacinia with 2 teeth, the left one with 8 teeth; right mandible accessory row of setae composed of 4 pectinated setae, left one is composed of 4 plumose setae; molar triturative and well developed; mandibular palp 3-articulated; article 1 subquadrate without setae; article 2 is 1.3 times longer than article 3, with 12 plumose setae; article 3 spatulate, distally acute, with several lateral and distal plumose setae (Figure 2). Maxilla 1 palp 2-articulated, article 1 without setae; article 2 distally rounded with several apical stout setae; outer lobe subrectangular, distal margin straight with 2 rows of pectinate setae, one of them with smaller setae and the other with longer ones; inner lobe subconical, twice shorter than outer lobe, without setae (Figure 2). Maxilla 2 outer lobe slightly longer than inner one, apical margin with 1 row of long stout setae; inner lobe globose, densely setose, with 1 row of lateral and fascial setae (Figure 2). Lower lip, outer lobe distally projected, apically setose; inner lobe ovated, laterally and distally setose (Figure 2).
Gnathopod 1 coxa 1 subrectangular, ventral margin with 7 setae; basis 2.5 times longer than wide, posterior margin with 2 long setae; ischium subquadrate, slightly shorter than merus; merus 3 times shorter than carpus, posteroventral corner rounded, projected with several long setae; carpus as long as propodus, posterior margin densely setose with plumose and simple setae, anteroventral corner with a tuft of long setae; propodus palm acute, not defined, serrated, with dense fringe of simple and plumose setae; dactylus about 70% of propodus length, inner margin serrated in pattern similar to propodus palm (Figure 3).
Gnathopod 2 coxa 2 subrectangular, ventral margin smooth; basis robust, about twice longer than wide, with anteroventral lobe rounded, well projected and casteloserrated; ischium short, about 50% the length of merus, posteroventral corner with 2 slender setae; merus subrectangular and as long as carpus, posteroventral corner setose; carpus falciform, posteroventral and anteroventral corners setose; propodus subpyriniform, about 3.5 times longer than carpus, palm oblique, defined by single spine, palmar margin setose and ornamented with a medial rounded tooth, excavation and spine near the hinge of dactylus; dactylus long, reaching 70% of propodus, inner margin slightly undulate with short stout setae, distal portion with 1 spine and 1 long simple seta, outer margin with 2 proximal simple setae (Figure 3).
Pereopod 3, coxa 3 elongated, ventral margin with stridulating ridges; basis about twice longer than wide, anterior margin with 3 plumose setae, posteroventral corner with 2 long and 1 small setae; ischium subquadrate, anterior margin undulated, posteroventral corner with 2 plumose setae; merus robust, about twice longer and 1.3 times wider than carpus, anteroventral corner with 2 long setae, posterior margin with 4 small setae; carpus globose anteroventral corner acute and projected downwards with 2 long setae, posterior margin with 2 setae, a medium one and a long one; propodus 1.3 times longer than carpus, anterior margin concave with single seta, posterior margin convex, with 2 setae; dactylus long, about 70% of propodus (Figure 4).
Pereopod 4, coxa 4 elongated, ventral margin with 2 rows of stridulating ridges; basis long, about 3 times longer than wide, posterior margin with 2 long plumose setae, posteroventral corner with plumose small seta, anterior margin with 2 medium plumose setae; ischium subquadrate, anterior margin undulated, about reaching 50% of merus, posteroventral corner with 1 plumose seta; merus robust, about 1.4 times longer and 0.4 times wider than carpus, posterior margin straight with 2 simple setae, anterior margin concave and smooth, anteroventral corner with 2 long setae; carpus ovoid; propodus 1.8 times longer and slightly thinner than carpus, anterior margin concave with 1 seta and posterior margin convex without setae; dactylus long, reaching 70% of propodus (Figure 4).
Pereopod 5 about 70% of pereopod 6 length; coxa 5 lobed and long, with 5 small setae; basis ovoid, posterior margin with 5 small setae, distally undulated and slightly concave, anteroventral corner with 1 stout and long setae; ischium subquadrate and smooth, about 60% of merus length; merus subrectangular, anteroventral and posteroventral corners each with 1 simple seta; carpus slightly shorter than merus, anteroventral corner with 2 setae, posteroventral corner with 3 setae; propodus 1.2 times thinner than merus, subrectangular, about 1.2 times longer than carpus, anteroventral corner with several simple setae and 3 small and plumose setae, anteroventral corner with 2 stout and short setae; dactylus about 40% of propodus length, with an accessory spine (Figure 4).
Pereopod 6 about 70% of pereopod 7 length, basis robust, about twice longer than wide, posterior margin with 6 small simple setae and 2 long plumose setae, distally undulated and concave with soft excavation near the posteroventral corner, posteroventral corner subquadrate and not projected, anterior margin concave, smooth, with 2 small setae, anteroventral corner rounded with small seta; ischium subquadrate and about 60% of merus length, anteroventral corner with 1 seta; merus subrectangular, posteroventral corner with 1 long seta; anteroventral corner with 2 small setae; carpus similar in length and shape to merus, posteroventral corner with 1 long and stout seta, anteroventral corner with 3 medium setae; propodus 1.3 times longer than carpus, posteroventral corner with 1 plumose seta; dactylus about 1/3 of propodus length, with 2 setae, a long posterior one and a small anterior one, accessory spine present (Figure 4).
Pereopod 7 basis rounded, about twice longer than wide, posterior margin convex with a distal notch and 3 small setae, posteroventral corner subquadrate, not projected, anteroventral corner with 1 small seta; ischium smooth, slightly thinner in comparison with pereopods 5 and 6, about 50% of merus length, anteroventral corner with 1 seta; merus subrectangular, posteroventral corner with 1 long seta; carpus subrectangular, slightly shorter than merus, posteroventral corner with 2 setae, a long one and a small one, anteroventral corner with 1 long seta; propodus twice longer than carpus. Posterior and anterior margins with 2 simple setae, posteroventral corner with several simple and long setae; dactylus reaching 50% of propodus length, accessory spine present (Figure 4).
Epimeral plates smooth, epimeral plate 1 subrounded, slightly angulated; epimeral plate 2 subquatrate, epimeral plate 3 subrounded (Figure 4). Uropod 1 peduncle twice longer than rami, with 1 stout and small lateral seta, inner ramus similar in length and shape to outer one, subconical with 1 robust distal seta, similar to the inner ramus. Uropod 2 is 1.4 times smaller than uropod 1, peduncle about 1.8 times longer than the outer ramus; outer ramus 1.2 times longer than the inner one, subconical, with 1 lateral small and stout seta, apical margin with 1 robust seta; inner ramus subconical with 1 apical robust seta. Uropod 3 about 70% of uropod 2 length, peduncle subquadrate with 1 slender seta and 2 stout setae, outer ramus 1.6 times longer than peduncle, 2-articulated, article 1 long with 1 medial seta, article 2 vestigial with 2 long setae; inner ramus reduced, subtriangular with 1 small seta. Telson subtriangular, distal margin projected and rounded, lateral margins with 2 small setae on each side, facial margin with 2 distal and long setae (Figure 4).
Female
(sexually dimorphic characteristics). Gnathopod 2 (Figure 3) basis posteroventral corner less pronounced in comparison with males; propodus palm subtransverse, not defined by an acute process, palm with medial excavation and proximal acute spine; propodus less than twice longer than wide (while more than 2 times longer than wide in adult males); dactylus about 1.3 times shorter than males (Figure 3).
Juvenile
Juvenile males show similar gnathopod 1 to adult ones. Gnathopod 2 similar in adult and juvenile males, except for the propodus palm. In juveniles, propodus palm defined by subconical process (while males show acute and more pronounced process); juveniles with medial excavation without tooth (while adult males show medial tooth); juveniles bearing weakly pronounced proximal spine (while adult males have more projected proximal spine) (Figure 3).
Remarks
Photis oxalai sp. nov. is very similar to P. lecroyae Ortiz, et al. 2011, originally described from Cuba and posteriorly recorded in the Gulf of Mexico, in the similar shape of the gnathopod 2 propodus and the basis of pereopods 5–7 (Ortiz et al. 2011; Winfield et al. 2020). Photis lecroyae was originally described from a juvenile male of length 1.8 mm. In the present study, juveniles between 1.5 and 2.0 mm in length were observed, and all of them show the following significant differences from P. lecroyae: (1) absence of bifid seta in the anteroventral corner of coxa 1 (present in P. lecroyae); (2) gnathopod 1 posterior margins of carpus, propodus and dactylus serrate (smooth in P. lecroyae); (3) gnathopod 2 basis with anteroventral corner serrated (smooth in P. lecroyae); (4) gnathopod 2 dactylus with 7 setae and posterior margin undulated (smooth with distal spine in P. lecroyae); (5) gnathopod 2 propodus palm with plumose setae (gnathopod 2 propodus without plumose setae in P. lecroyae); (6) gnathopod 2 propodus palm slightly concave with 3 slightly angulated projections (palm straight with strongly projected spines in P. lecroyae). Photis oxalai sp. nov. adult specimens also differ from the juvenile holotype of P. lecroyae by the following: (1) gnathopod 2 propodus palm with medial rounded tooth (absent in P. lecroyae); (2) presence of several plumose setae in gnathopod 2 propodus palm (absent in P. lecroyae); (3) the distinct ornamentation of gnathopod 2 dactylus; (4) mandible asymmetrical and palp articles 2 and 3 covered by plumose setae (symmetrical and covered by simple setae in P. lecroyae); (5) pereopod 6 dactylus with 2 setae (without setae in P. lecroyae); (6) telson with 6 setae and distal margin projected (with 2 setae and distal margin not projected in P. lecroyae).
The new species is also similar to Photis sarae from Brazil in the shape of gnathopod 2 in female and juveniles (Souza-Filho and Serejo 2010). But P. oxalai sp. nov. differs in having: (1) gnathopod 1 dactylus serrated with small simple setae (dactylus serrate and spinose in P. sarae); (2) gnathopod 2 propodus palm with medial tooth and acute spine (without medial tooth and subacute spine less projected in P. sarae); (3) gnathopod 2 dactylus undulated with several short stout setae and distal spine (with several spines and 4 slender and small setae in P. sarae); (4) epistome distally rounded (acute in P. sarae); (5) pereopod 5 dactylus with distinct ornamentation of dactylus; (6) telson subtriangular, with 6 simple setae (emarginated, with 4 plumose and 2 simple setae in P. sarae).
Photis oxalai sp. nov. also differs from Atlantic species P. melanica McKinney, 1980 and P. trapherus Thomas and J. L. Barnard, 1991 in having coxa 3 and 4 with stridulating ridges and pereopod 5 dactylus with accessory spine (absent in P. melanica and P. trapherus); from P. pugnator Shoemaker, 1945 in having male gnathopod 2 propodus palm with 2 weakly pronounced excavations (with a large and well-pronounced excavation all along the palm in P. pugnator); from P. macromana McKinney, Kalke and Holland, 1978 in having uropod 3 outer ramus longer than peduncle; from P. longicauda Bate and Westwood, 1862 in having pereopod 7 dactylus with accessory spine. Photis oxalai sp. nov. also differs from the Atlantic species Photis sp. F., documented by LeCroy et al. (2000), in not showing a pronounced gnathopod 2 ischium and propodus palm with weak excavations (while the ischium is well pronounced and propodus palm is not excavated in Photis sp. F.).
description: Published as part of Nogueira, Marcos Moura, Alves, Jessika, Neves, Elizabeth & Johnsson, Rodrigo, 2021, The competition of native sponges and the sun coral Tubastraea spp. does not influence the morphological pattern of a new Photis (Photidae: Senticaudata), pp. 2065-2081 in Journal of Natural History 55 (33 - 34) on pages 2069-2076, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1973133, http://zenodo.org/record/5727824