cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Population Annealing Simulations of a Binary Hard Sphere Mixture
Creators: name: Callaham, Jared
name: Machta, Jon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Population annealing is a sequential Monte Carlo scheme well-suited to simulating equilibrium states of systems with rough free energy landscapes. Here we use population annealing to study a binary mixture of hard spheres. Population annealing is a parallel version of simulated annealing with an extra resampling step that ensures that a population of replicas of the system represents the equilibrium ensemble at every packing fraction in an annealing schedule. The algorithm and its equilibration properties are described and results are presented for a glass-forming fluid composed of a 50/50 mixture of hard spheres with diameter ratio of 1.4:1. For this system, we obtain precise results for the equation of state in the glassy regime up to packing fractions $φ\approx 0.60$ and study deviations from the BMCSL equation of state. For higher packing fractions, the algorithm falls out of equilibrium and a free volume fit predicts jamming at packing fraction $φ\approx 0.667$. We conclude that population annealing is an effective tool for studying equilibrium glassy fluids and the jamming transition.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
One Loop Tadpole in Heterotic String Field Theory
Creators: name: Erler, Theodore
name: Konopka, Sebastian
name: Sachs, Ivo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the off-shell 1-loop tadpole amplitude in heterotic string field theory. With a special choice of cubic vertex, we show that this amplitude can be computed exactly. We obtain explicit and elementary expressions for the Feynman graph decomposition of the moduli space, the local coordinate map at the puncture as a function of the modulus, and the $b$-ghost insertions needed for the integration measure. Recently developed homotopy algebra methods provide a consistent configuration of picture changing operators. We discuss the consequences of spurious poles for the choice of picture changing operators.
description: v3: 36 pages, 8 figures. Figure 8 corrected
An Empirical Comparison of Parametric and Permutation Tests for Regression Analysis of Randomized Experiments
Creators: name: Ottoboni, Kellie
name: Lewis, Fraser
name: Salmaso, Luigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hypothesis tests based on linear models are widely accepted by organizations that regulate clinical trials. These tests are derived using strong assumptions about the data-generating process so that the resulting inference can be based on parametric distributions. Because these methods are well understood and robust, they are sometimes applied to data that depart from assumptions, such as ordinal integer scores. Permutation tests are a nonparametric alternative that require minimal assumptions which are often guaranteed by the randomization that was conducted. We compare analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), a special case of linear regression that incorporates stratification, to several permutation tests based on linear models that control for pretreatment covariates. In simulations of randomized experiments using models which violate some of the parametric regression assumptions, the permutation tests maintain power comparable to ANCOVA. We illustrate the use of these permutation tests alongside ANCOVA using data from a clinical trial comparing the effectiveness of two treatments for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Given the considerable costs and scientific importance of clinical trials, an additional nonparametric method, such as a linear model permutation test, may serve as a robustness check on the statistical inference for the main study endpoints.
description: 28 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables
AdS$_5$ magnetized solutions in minimal gauged supergravity
Creators: name: Blázquez-Salcedo, Jose Luis
name: Kunz, Jutta
name: Navarro-Lérida, Francisco
name: Radu, Eugen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a generalization of the AdS charged rotating black holes with two equal magnitude angular momenta in five-dimensional minimal gauged supergravity. In addition to the mass, electric charge and angular momentum, the new solutions possess an extra-parameter associated with a non-zero magnitude of the magnetic potential at infinity. In contrast with the known cases, these new black holes possess a non-trivial zero-horizon size limit which describes a one parameter family of spinning charged solitons. All configurations reported in this work approach asymptotically an AdS$_5$ spacetime in global coordinates and are free of pathologies.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, typos corrected and references added, matches version published in PLB
First-principles molecular dynamics study of deuterium diffusion in liquid tin
Creators: name: Liu, Xiaohui
name: Zheng, Daye
name: Ren, Xinguo
name: He, Lixin
name: Chen, Mohan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the retention of hydrogen isotopes in liquid metals, such as lithium and tin, is of great importance in designing a liquid plasma-facing component in fusion reactors. However, experimental diffusivity data of hydrogen isotopes in liquid metals are still limited or controversial. We employ first-principles molecular dynamics simulations to predict diffusion coefficients of deuterium in liquid tin at temperatures ranging from 573 to 1673 K. Our simulations indicate faster diffusion of deuterium in liquid tin than the self-diffusivity of tin. In addition, we find that the structural and dynamic properties of tin are insensitive to the inserted deuterium at temperatures and concentrations considered. We also observe that tin and deuterium do not form stable solid compounds. These predicted results from simulations enable us to have a better understanding of the retention of hydrogen isotopes in liquid tin.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
The Foundational Function of the Universe
Creators: name: Lynch, Colin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Temporal Sciences Foundational Physics Universe Function Fundamental Equation Timeflow Rotational Geometry Phase Space Time Vector Mass-Energy Distance-Time Relationship Gravitational Structure Field Unification Cosmological Framework Alpha Misalignment Chronotensity Chronomatrix Chronet Phase Curvature Rotational Misalignment Structural Physics 3D Phase Space Emergent Gravity Temporal Field Theory Time-Mass-Energy Geometry Colin Lynch

description: The Foundational Function of the UniverseThis document introduces the core equation of the Temporal Sciences framework, formally defining the rotational structure underlying the universe. The function expresses time (T), mass (m), energy (E), and distance (D) as co-rotating temporal fields within a 3-dimensional phase space of misalignment. This phase-based formulation replaces force-centric models with geometric coherence, revealing the true manifold from which gravity, structure, and timeflow emerge.Authored by Colin Thomas Lynch, this marks the formal conclusion of Phase I of the Temporal Sciences roadmap.

For deeper exploration of the full Temporal Sciences (TS) framework – including core laws, equations, and the emerging TS Model of the universe – visit the Temporal Sciences Nexus.
Ensemble Inequivalence and Maxwell Construction in the Self-Gravitating Ring Model
Creators: name: Filho, T. M. Rocha
name: Silvestre, C. H.
name: Amato, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics is undoubtedly a cornerstone for the description of many particle systems. The common interpretation is based on ensemble theory as put forward by Gibbs, alongside the basic assumptions that different ensembles are equivalent, i.~e.\ the properties of the system can equally be obtained in any ensemble with the same results. However, the simplicity of the argument that provides such equivalence, mathematically grounded by the existence of Legendre transformation between the ensembles and the existence of its inverse, may break down for physical systems with long range interactions. In this paper we study the behavior of a simple toy model with a long range interaction and show from first principles, by solving numerically the mechanical equations of motion and Monte Carlo simulations, the inequivalence of ensembles, and discuss in what situations and how the Maxwell construction is applicable.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
title: Imperial Porphyry, a famous dimension stone from Egypt
Creators: name: Okrusch, Martin
name: Lorenz, Joachim
name: Abu El-Enen, Mahrous
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Imperial Porphyry is a pophyritic rock of trachyandesite to dacitec composition, providing U-Th-Pb zircon ages of 609-600 Ma (Abu El-Enen et al. 2007). It shows a spectacular purple color that is due to fine grained flakes of hematite, formed by pervasive hydrothermal alteration under oxidising conditions. The famous dimension stone was quarried in the Mons Porphyritis area in the Eastern Desert of Egypt from the first to the fifth century. During this period, the valuable material was processed as decorative stone for objects of art, reserved exclusively for the Imperial court of the Roman Empire. Careful polishing of the rock achieved a highly reflective finish, the characteristic purple color being regarded as an imperial status symbol. The different steps of extraction and the transport from the mountainous outcrops down to the river Nile involved masterly technical performances, all the more as a widespaced joint pattern allowed the production of large, cleavage- and fracture-free blocks, suitable for manufacturing of monolithic or sectioned columns, sarcophagy, magnificent giant bowls and sculptures. For instance, individual segments of Constantine's Column in Constantinople attain weights of up to 45 tons. Obviously, the Roman engineers had a fundamental knowledge on geological survey to detect ocurrences suitable for quarrying. After the Roman period, antique spoils of Imperial Porphyry, now known as Porfido rosso antico, were extensively re-used for sculpturing.

Abu El-Enen MM, Lorenz J, Ali KA, von Seckendorff V, Okrusch M, Schüssler U, Brätz H, Schmitt R-T (2007) Int J Earth Sci 108:2393-2408
Berry Global thermoformed lid resin evaluation : High-density polyethylene drink cup lids
Creators: name: Bragg, Braxton
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018

description: For this project, there were two main objectives. The first objective was to validate that
high-density polyethylene could be used for thermoformed plastic drink cup lid production at
Berry Global, Inc. The second objective was to conduct an economic analysis on the conversion
of Subway's medium and large polystyrene drink cup lids to a high-density polyethylene
alternative. These objectives were accomplished and a conclusion on high-density polyethylene
thermoformed drink cup lids was made.
In order to validate that high-density polyethylene lids could be used for thermoformed
plastic drink cup lid production at Berry Global, four different physical tests were conducted on
lid samples. These physical tests were lid application force, lid removal force, leak, and flavor
button force. The results of these tests were in favor of high-density polyethylene lids and
proved that they would be suitable for consumer use.
After high-density polyethylene lids were proven to be suitable for consumer use, an
economic analysis was conducted to weigh the costs and benefits of converting Subway medium
and large lids from polystyrene to high-density polyethylene. In order to conduct this analysis, it
was necessary to measure the electric current required to extrude high-density polyethylene. If
high-density polyethylene required more electric cun ent to extrude then there would be an
associated energy cost increase. It was also necessary to conduct a shrinkage analysis to
determine if new molds would need to be purchased in order to mold high-density polyethylene
Subway lids. The first study showed that high-density polyethylene does require more electric
current to extrude, which translates to an additional yearly energy cost of roughly $12,000. The
second study led to the conclusion that new molds would need to be purchased if Subway lids
were converted from polystyrene to high-density polyethylene.
The economic analysis led to the conclusion that production extruders would need to be
upgraded and new molds would need to be purchased. This would cost $466,000.00. The
additional energy cost of $12,000.00 per year was also added to the cost, amounting to a yearone
cost of $478,000.00. Raw material savings associated with switching from polystyrene to
high-density polyethylene amount to an estimated $496,000.00 per year. With these numbers
taken into consideration, the payback period associated with converting Subway medium and
large lids from polystyrene to high-density polyethylene was found to be 11 months-1 year.
Proteomics of Stage 2 Final.TR.2020.pdf
Creators: name: Frank, Benjamin
name: Davidson, Jesse
name: DiMaria, Michael
Publisher: name: Health Research Alliance
Year: 2023
Subjects: Infant and child health

description: This manuscript describes the result of targeted proteomic profiling of SVHD patients before and after Stage 2 palliation compared to healthy controls. We found that the targeted proteome differed significantly between cases and controls as well as among cases pre-operation and post-operation. Multiple individual protein levels were found to be associated with low post-operative oxygen levels including members of the matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase families.
AI, Reconciliation and Settler teachers' mediated morality
Creators: Groten, S., Adams, C., Kowalchuk, J.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2024

This case study addresses the integration of generative AI (GenAI) within educational practices, particularly in the context of reconciliation and decolonization of curriculum in Canadian schools. The case focuses on a teacher using ChatGPT to generate Cree star stories for a grade 4/5 science unit, aiming to fulfill the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's (TRC) educational calls to action. The study explores the ethical implications of using AI to include diverse knowledge traditions, questioning the potential harms and benefits, and highlighting the challenges of ensuring AI aligns with Indigenous epistemologies. Normative ethical theories and the TechnoEthical Framework for Teachers (TEFT) are employed to examine how AI technologies shape and mediate teacher practices and pedagogical responsibilities.
Effects of the direct light in the surface detectors (SD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory and their change in time
Creators: name: Esquipula, Pedro Alfonso Valencia
name: Mora, Karen Salomé Caballero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic Rays (CR) are particles which come to the earth from Universe. Their origin and production mechanisms are still unknown. The Pierre Auger Observatory is located in Mendoza, Argentina. It is dedicated to the study of CR. When CR arrive to the earth's atmosphere they produce a shower of secondary particles called \textit{air shower}. The surface detector (SD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory consists of tanks full of pure water, where CR produce \textit{Cherenkov radiation}, when going through them. This light is detected by three photomultiplier tubes (PMT) located on the top of each tank. Depending of the angle of arrival direction of the primary CR, each PMT is able to register different signal than the other. The goal of this study is to look at these effects of direct light on the PMT's to explore if they change in time. The obtained results may give information about the physical status of the tanks in order to monitor the work of the SD, and to estimate possible systematic effects on the measurements. The current results of this study are shown.
description: To be published in Journal of Physics Conference Series( IOP), Proceedings of the VI School on Cosmic Rays and Astrophysics, Chiapas Mexico 2015
Goldbach Representations in Arithmetic Progressions and zeros of Dirichlet L-functions
Creators: name: Bhowmik, Gautami
name: Halupczok, Karin
name: Matsumoto, Kohji
name: Suzuki, Yuta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11P32, 11M26, 11M41

description: Assuming a conjecture on distinct zeros of Dirichlet L-functions we get asymptotic results on the average number of representations of an integer as the sum of two primes in arithmetic progression. On the other hand the existence of good error terms gives information on the the location of zeros of L-functions and possible Siegel zeros. Similar results are obtained for an integer in a congruence class expressed as the sum of two primes.
description: Added section 8
Quantum Work Fluctuations in connection with Jarzynski Equality
Creators: name: Jaramillo, Juan D.
name: Deng, Jiawen
name: Gong, Jiangbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A result of great theoretical and experimental interest, Jarzynski equality predicts a free energy change $ΔF$ of a system at inverse temperature $β$ from an ensemble average of non-equilibrium exponential work, i.e., $\langle e^{-βW}\rangle =e^{-βΔF}$. The number of experimental work values needed to reach a given accuracy of $ΔF$ is determined by the variance of $e^{-βW}$, denoted ${\rm var}(e^{-βW})$. We discover in this work that ${\rm var}(e^{-βW})$ in both harmonic and an-harmonic Hamiltonian systems can systematically diverge in non-adiabatic work protocols, even when the adiabatic protocols do not suffer from such divergence. This divergence may be regarded as a type of dynamically induced phase transition in work fluctuations. For a quantum harmonic oscillator with time-dependent trapping frequency as a working example, any non-adiabatic work protocol is found to yield a diverging ${\rm var}(e^{-βW})$ at sufficiently low temperatures, markedly different from the classical behavior. The divergence of ${\rm var}(e^{-βW})$ indicates the too-far-from-equilibrium nature of a non-adiabatic work protocol and makes it compulsory to apply designed control fields to suppress the quantum work fluctuations in order to test Jarzynski equality.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures. revised version (fixing a minor issue in some equation numbers in v2)
title: Structural control on magma composition in northern Iceland and the southern Kolbeinsey Ridge
Creators: name: Beier, Christoph
name: Abersteiner, Adam
name: Haase, Karsten
name: Halldórsson, Sæmundur
name: Devey, Colin
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Geochemically enriched plume sources interacting with depleted, adiabatically upwelling mid-ocean ridge mantle allow for the tracing of processes of melting and melt transport through the mantle and crust. New major, trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope data from glasses along the Southern Kolbeinsey Ridge and Tjörnes Fracture Zone, along with published data from the northern Iceland Theistareykir, Krafla and Askja volcanoes. We combine these with new whole rock and glass data from the early-Holocene Sveinar-Randarhólar fissure, which is located 60 km North from Askja volcano and 30 km east off-axis of the Northern Volcanic Zone rift. In the case of the recent plume-ridge interaction between the Kolbeinsey Ridge and the Northern Volcanic Zone, the preservation of the geochemical mantle heterogeneity is the result of a preferential extraction along existing structural weaknesses. The mixing of plume and mid-ocean ridge sources prior to melting is preserved because of limited crustal interaction of the melts. In contrasting, the Sveinar-Randarhólar fissure displays a remarkable major, trace element and petrological homogeneity over a total length of ~75 km indicating limited fractionation, and interaction with the neighbouring country rocks. We can show that the magmas were transported from a reservoir underneath Askja volcano at sub-surface levels for ~60 kms likely due to remnant ice coverage in the region before reaching surface levels. We conclude that the efficient transport of off-axis magmas is the result of a strong, pre-existing structural domain opening extensive pathways for magma transport over lateral distances of 10-100’s of kilometres.
Restoring the Pauli principle in the random phase approximation ground state
Creators: name: Kosov, Daniel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Random phase approximation ground state contains electronic configurations where two (and more) identical electrons can occupy the same molecular spin-orbital violating the Pauli exclusion principle. This overcounting of electronic configurations happens due to quasiboson approximation in the treatment of electron-hole pair operators. We describe the method to restore the Pauli principle in the RPA wavefunction. The proposed theory is illustrated by the calculations of molecular dipole moments and electronic kinetic energies. The Hartree-Fock based RPA, which is corrected for the Pauli principle, gives the results of comparable accuracy with Møller-Plesset second order perturbation theory and coupled-cluster singles and doubles method.
Search for single production of a heavy vector-like T quark decaying to a Higgs boson and a top quark with a lepton and jets in the final state
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for single production of vector-like top quark partners (T) decaying into a Higgs boson and a top quark is performed using data from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 inverse femtobarns. The top quark decay includes an electron or a muon while the Higgs boson decays into a pair of b quarks. No significant excess over standard model backgrounds is observed. Exclusion limits on the product of the production cross section and the branching fraction are derived in the T quark mass range 700 to 1800 GeV. For a mass of 1000 GeV, values of the product of the production cross section and the branching fraction greater than 0.8 and 0.7 pb are excluded at 95% confidence level, assuming left- and right-handed coupling of the T quark to standard model particles, respectively. This is the first analysis setting exclusion limits on the cross section of singly produced vector-like T quarks at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/B2G-15-008/index.html
Dissipation in adiabatic quantum computers: Lessons from an exactly solvable model
Creators: name: Keck, Maximilian
name: Montangero, Simone
name: Santoro, Giuseppe E.
name: Fazio, Rosario
name: Rossini, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce and study the adiabatic dynamics of free-fermion models subject to a local Lindblad bath and in the presence of a time-dependent Hamiltonian. The merit of these models is that they can be solved exactly, and will help us to study the interplay between non-adiabatic transitions and dissipation in many-body quantum systems. After the adiabatic evolution, we evaluate the excess energy (average value of the Hamiltonian) as a measure of the deviation from reaching the target final ground state. We compute the excess energy in a variety of different situations, where the nature of the bath and the Hamiltonian is modified. We find a robust evidence of the fact that an optimal working time for the quantum annealing protocol emerges as a result of the competition between the non-adiabatic effects and the dissipative processes. We compare these results with matrix-product-operator simulations of an Ising system and show that the phenomenology we found applies also for this more realistic case.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures, published version
Superdiffusive quantum stochastic walk definable of arbitrary directed graph
Creators: name: Domino, Krzysztof
name: Glos, Adam
name: Ostaszewski, Mateusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we define a quantum stochastic walk on arbitrary directed graph with super-diffusive propagation on a line graph. Our model is based on global environment interaction QSW, which is known to have ballistic propagation. However we discovered, that in this case additional amplitude transitions occur, hence graph topology is changed into moral graph. Because of that we call the effect a spontaneous moralization. We propose a general correction scheme, which is proved to remove unnecessary transition and thus to preserve the graph topology. In the end we numerically show, that super-diffusive propagation is preserved. Because of that our new model may be applied as effective evolution on arbitrary directed graph.
Electron-Capture and Low-Mass Iron-Core-Collapse Supernovae: New Neutrino-Radiation-Hydrodynamics Simulations
Creators: name: Radice, David
name: Burrows, Adam
name: Vartanyan, David
name: Skinner, M. Aaron
name: Dolence, Joshua C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new 1D (spherical) and 2D (axisymmetric) simulations of electron-capture (EC) and low-mass iron-core-collapse supernovae (SN). We consider six progenitor models: the ECSN progenitor from Nomoto (1984, 1987); two ECSN-like low-mass low-metallicity iron core progenitors from Heger (private communication); and the 9-, 10-, and 11-$M_\odot$ (zero-age main sequence) progenitors from Sukhbold et al. (2016). We confirm that the ECSN and ESCN-like progenitors explode easily even in 1D with explosion energies of up to a 0.15 Bethes ($1 {\rm B} \equiv 10^{51}\ {\rm erg}$), and are a viable mechanism for the production of very low-mass neutron stars. However, the 9-, 10-, and 11-$M_\odot$ progenitors do not explode in 1D and are not even necessarily easier to explode than higher-mass progenitor stars in 2D. We study the effect of perturbations and of changes to the microphysics and we find that relatively small changes can result in qualitatively different outcomes, even in 1D, for models sufficiently close to the explosion threshold. Finally, we revisit the impact of convection below the protoneutron star (PNS) surface. We analyze, 1D and 2D evolutions of PNSs subject to the same boundary conditions. We find that the impact of PNS convection has been underestimated in previous studies and could result in an increase of the neutrino luminosity by up to factors of two.
description: 18 pages, 17 figures, 3 tables. Major revisions following a fix in the code input physics. Accepted on ApJ
The EBEX Balloon Borne Experiment - Optics, Receiver, and Polarimetry
Creators: name: The EBEX Collaboration
name: Aboobaker, Asad M.
name: Ade, Peter
name: Araujo, Derek
name: Aubin, François
name: Baccigalupi, Carlo
name: Bao, Chaoyun
name: Chapman, Daniel
name: Didier, Joy
name: Dobbs, Matt
name: Geach, Christopher
name: Grainger, Will
name: Hanany, Shaul
name: Helson, Kyle
name: Hillbrand, Seth
name: Hubmayr, Johannes
name: Jaffe, Andrew
name: Johnson, Bradley
name: Jones, Terry
name: Klein, Jeff
name: Korotkov, Andrei
name: Lee, Adrian
name: Levinson, Lorne
name: Limon, Michele
name: MacDermid, Kevin
name: Matsumura, Tomotake
name: Miller, Amber D.
name: Milligan, Michael
name: Raach, Kate
name: Reichborn-Kjennerud, Britt
name: Sagiv, Ilan
name: Savini, Giorgio
name: Spencer, Locke
name: Tucker, Carole
name: Tucker, Gregory S.
name: Westbrook, Ben
name: Young, Karl
name: Zilic, Kyle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The E and B Experiment (EBEX) was a long-duration balloon-borne cosmic microwave background polarimeter that flew over Antarctica in 2013. We describe the experiment's optical system, receiver, and polarimetric approach, and report on their in-flight performance. EBEX had three frequency bands centered on 150, 250, and 410 GHz. To make efficient use of limited mass and space we designed a 115 cm$^{2}$sr high throughput optical system that had two ambient temperature mirrors and four anti-reflection coated polyethylene lenses per focal plane. All frequency bands shared the same optical train. Polarimetry was achieved with a continuously rotating achromatic half-wave plate (AHWP) that was levitated with a superconducting magnetic bearing (SMB). Rotation stability was 0.45 % over a period of 10 hours, and angular position accuracy was 0.01 degrees. This is the first use of a SMB in astrophysics. The measured modulation efficiency was above 90 % for all bands. To our knowledge the 109 % fractional bandwidth of the AHWP was the broadest implemented to date. The receiver that contained one lens and the AHWP at a temperature of 4 K, the polarizing grid and other lenses at 1 K, and the two focal planes at 0.25 K performed according to specifications giving focal plane temperature stability with fluctuation power spectrum that had $1/f$ knee at 2 mHz. EBEX was the first balloon-borne instrument to implement technologies characteristic of modern CMB polarimeters including high throughput optical systems, and large arrays of transition edge sensor bolometric detectors with mutiplexed readouts.
description: 49 pages, 32 figures, submitted to The Astrophysical Journal Supplement
CURRENT METHODS OF PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Creators: name: Ixtiyarova, G.A.
name: Kudratova, D.SH.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis has existed for more than 20 years, during which time the range of possibilities of assisted reproductive technologies and the potential of molecular genetic diagnosis of single cells have significantly expanded.
Replica analysis of overfitting in regression models for time-to-event data
Creators: name: Coolen, ACC
name: Barrett, JE
name: Paga, P
name: Perez-Vicente, CJ
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 62

description: Overfitting, which happens when the number of parameters in a model is too large compared to the number of data points available for determining these parameters, is a serious and growing problem in survival analysis. While modern medicine presents us with data of unprecedented dimensionality, these data cannot yet be used effectively for clinical outcome prediction. Standard error measures in maximum likelihood regression, such as p-values and z-scores, are blind to overfitting, and even for Cox's proportional hazards model (the main tool of medical statisticians), one finds in literature only rules of thumb on the number of samples required to avoid overfitting. In this paper we present a mathematical theory of overfitting in regression models for time-to-event data, which aims to increase our quantitative understanding of the problem and provide practical tools with which to correct regression outcomes for the impact of overfitting. It is based on the replica method, a statistical mechanical technique for the analysis of heterogeneous many-variable systems that has been used successfully for several decades in physics, biology, and computer science, but not yet in medical statistics. We develop the theory initially for arbitrary regression models for time-to-event data, and verify its predictions in detail for the popular Cox model.
description: 37 pages, 9 figures
title: Raman spectroscopy as a powerful tool for estimating the chromium to aluminum content in a range of different chromites
Creators: name: Kaliwoda, Melanie
name: Krüger, Miriam Elisabeth
name: Viktor, Hoffmann
name: Malte, Junge
name: Fabian, Brandmiller
name: Felix, Hentschel
name: Wolfgang, Schmahl
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Raman spectroscopy has been applied to study a range of chromites with variable chromium to aluminum to iron contents to determine conclusions about possible correlations between the chromium concentration and the position of the main Raman peaks within this mineral. It was found that a negative correlation exists between the chromium number, calculated from electron microprobe data, and the Raman peak number. Chromite grains with high chromium number show a low Raman peak, whereas samples with low chromium numbers show a higher Raman peak. Therefore, it was possible to infer a relationship between the mineral composition and Raman bands for this type of mineral. The measurements have clearly shown that it is possible to draw conclusions about the chromium content of the mineral based on the Raman peak alone. This shows that in simple chemical compositions, such as in chromites and olivines, the peak positions can provide initial information about the compositions of the minerals. Thus, it is possible to use Raman spectroscopy as a simple and fast investigation method, which we could proof on very different materials. This outcome supports a possible application of portable Raman devices on Earth or in space, i.e. for asteroids and/or other planets. Raman spectroscopy has more over proven to be a quick and powerful method to identify minerals and a lot of other materials investigated in the mineralogical state collection Munich. Therefore, we have also created a new in house Raman database (MSM_RMD = Mineralogical-State-Collection-Munich_Raman-Mineral-Database) for minerals, plastic, ore minerals and other materials.
On dimensions supporting a rational projective plane
Creators: name: Kennard, Lee
name: Su, Zhixu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R20 (Primary), 57R65, 57R67, 57R15 (Secondary)

description: A rational projective plane ($\mathbb{QP}^2$) is a simply connected, smooth, closed manifold $M$ such that $H^*(M;\mathbb{Q}) \cong \mathbb{Q}[α]/\langle α^3 \rangle$. An open problem is to classify the dimensions at which such a manifold exists. The Barge-Sullivan rational surgery realization theorem provides necessary and sufficient conditions that include the Hattori-Stong integrality conditions on the Pontryagin numbers. In this article, we simplify these conditions and combine them with the signature equation to give a single quadratic residue equation that determines whether a given dimension supports a $\mathbb{QP}^2$. We then confirm existence of a $\mathbb{QP}^2$ in two new dimensions and prove several non-existence results using factorizations of numerators of divided Bernoulli numbers. We also resolve the existence question in the Spin case, and we discuss existence results for the more general class of rational projective spaces.
description: to appear in J. Topol. Anal
Decomposition of split-step quantum walks for simulating Majorana modes and edge states
Creators: name: Zhang, Wei-Wei
name: Goyal, Sandeep K.
name: Simon, Christoph
name: Sanders, Barry C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a decomposition procedure for converting split-step quantum walks into ordinary quantum walks with alternating coins, and we show that this decomposition enables a feasible linear optical realization of split-step quantum walks by eliminating quantum-control requirements. As salient applications, we show how our scheme will simulate Majorana modes and edge states.
Barjols, place de la Rouguière avant la fête de la saint Marcel
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Effect of pre-equilibrium phase on $R_{AA}$ and $v_2$ of heavy quarks in heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Das, Santosh K.
name: Ruggieri, Marco
name: Scardina, Francesco
name: Plumari, Salvatore
name: Greco, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heavy quark $R_{AA}$ and $v_2$ have been calculated at RHIC energy considering initial conditions with and without pre-equilibrium phase to highlight the effect of the latter on heavy quark observables. The momentum evolution of the heavy quark has been studied by means of the Boltzmann transport equation. To model the pre-equilibrium phase we have used the KLN initial condition. We have found that the pre-equilibrium phase impacts the $R_{AA}$ of about 20-25 $\%$ whereas the impact on $v_2$ is very negligible. We have also calculated heavy quark $R_{AA}$ and $v_2$ in the case of initializations with early thermalized quark-gluon plasma. We have checked that the particular form of the initial spectrum is not very important for $R_{AA}$, the larger energy density being more important. In fact, comparing the results obtained within the two initializations we have found that one can mimic the impact of the pre-equilibrium phase using a early thermalized QGP medium.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, Accepted for publication in Journal of Physics G
Lecture Notes on Mathematical Methods of Classical Physics
Creators: name: Cortés, Vicente
name: Haupt, Alexander S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: These notes grew out of a lecture course on mathematical methods of classical physics for students of mathematics and mathematical physics at the master's level. Also, physicists with a strong interest in mathematics may find this text useful as a resource complementary to existing textbooks on classical physics. Topics include Lagrangian Mechanics, Hamiltonian Mechanics, Hamilton-Jacobi Theory, as well as Classical Field Theory formulated in the language of jet bundles. The latter topic also covers important examples of field theories such as sigma models, gauge theory, and Einstein's theory of general relativity.
description: 105 pages. v2: minor changes and typos corrected. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56463-0
A multilayer network dataset of interaction and influence spreading in a virtual world
Creators: name: Jankowski, Jarosław
name: Michalski, Radosław
name: Bródka, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Presented data contains the record of five spreading campaigns that occurred in a virtual world platform. Users distributed avatars between each other during the campaigns. The processes varied in time and range and were either incentivized or not incentivized. Campaign data is accompanied by events. The data can be used to build a multilayer network to place the campaigns in a wider context. To the best of the authors knowledge, the study is the first publicly available dataset containing a complete real multilayer social network together, along with five complete spreading processes in it.
Multiplexed phase-space imaging for 3D fluorescence microscopy
Creators: name: Liu, Hsiou-Yuan
name: Zhong, Jingshan
name: Waller, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical phase-space functions describe spatial and angular information simultaneously; examples include light fields in ray optics and Wigner functions in wave optics. Measurement of phase-space enables digital refocusing, aberration removal and 3D reconstruction. High-resolution capture of 4D phase-space datasets is, however, challenging. Previous scanning approaches are slow, light inefficient and do not achieve diffraction-limited resolution. Here, we propose a multiplexed method that solves these problems. We use a spatial light modulator (SLM) in the pupil plane of a microscope in order to sequentially pattern multiplexed coded apertures while capturing images in real space. Then, we reconstruct the 3D fluorescence distribution of our sample by solving an inverse problem via regularized least squares with a proximal accelerated gradient descent solver. We experimentally reconstruct a 101-Megavoxel 3D volume ($1010\times510\times500μ$m with NA 0.4), demonstrating improved acquisition time, light throughput and resolution compared to scanning aperture methods. Our flexible patterning scheme further allows sparsity in the sample to be exploited for reduced data capture.
The Trace and the Mass of subcritical GJMS Operators
Creators: name: Ludewig, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $L_g$ be the subcritical GJMS operator on an even-dimensional compact manifold $(X, g)$ and consider the zeta-regularized trace $\mathrm{Tr}_ζ(L_g^{-1})$ of its inverse. We show that if $\ker L_g = 0$, then the supremum of this quantity, taken over all metrics $g$ of fixed volume in the conformal class, is always greater than or equal to the corresponding quantity on the standard sphere. Moreover, we show that in the case that it is strictly larger, the supremum is attained by a metric of constant mass. Using positive mass theorems, we give some geometric conditions for this to happen.
description: To appear in Differential Geometry and Applications
title: How rock weathering sets Earth’s thermostat
Creators: name: von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Since its formation 4.5 billion years ago our blue planet contains liquid water at its surface. If all water were frozen as on our cold neighbour Mars, or if all water had disappeared into space as on hot Venus there would be no life on Earth. We owe Earth’s habitability to the weathering feedback, balancing volcanic CO2 additions from Earth’s interior by CO2 drawdown through silicate weathering, stabilising the greenhouse effect.

The isotope ratios in seafloor sediment show that this balance has shifted in the last 15 million years. According to 18O/16O it got colder, eventually leading to the northern hemisphere glaciation. 11B/10B discloses that atmospheric CO2 decreased, resulting in cooling by a reduced greenhouse effect. The cause of decreasing CO2 is subject of a lively debate. One view holds that the rise, erosion, and increased weathering of mountain belts increased CO2 drawdown. The other suggests constant weathering fluxes,  as indicated by the ratio of the cosmogenic isotope 10Be rained out from the atmosphere to the stable isotope 9Be released from rocks by weathering (10Be/9Be). With a land surface that got increasingly more “weathering reactive” by geologic reworking, atmospheric CO2 concentration would decrease even if CO2 input and drawdown flux remained constant and balanced. Stable 7Li/6Li indeed confirms such change in the properties of the land surface in the past 15 million years.

Today a dramatic shift is imminent, because humans are massively interfering with this delicate balance through industrial CO2 emissions, an experiment that better be discontinued fast.
Postglitch exponential relaxation of radio pulsars and magnetars in terms of vortex creep across flux tubes
Creators: name: Gügercinoğlu, Erbil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Timing observations of rapidly rotating neutron stars revealed a great number of glitches, observed both from canonical radio pulsars and magnetars. Among them, 76 glitches have shown exponential relaxation(s) with characteristic decay times ranging from several days to a few months, followed by a more gradual recovery. Glitches displaying exponential relaxation with single or multiple decay time constants are analysed in terms of a model based on the interaction of the vortex lines with the toroidal arrangement of flux tubes in the outer core of the neutron star. Model results agree with the observed timescales in general. Thus, the glitch phenomenon can be used to deduce valuable information about neutron star structure, in particular on the interior magnetic field configuration which is unaccessible from surface observations. One immediate conclusion is that the magnetar glitch data are best explained with a much cooler core and therefore require that direct Urca type fast cooling mechanisms should be effective for magnetars.
description: To appear on MNRAS
Quasi-probability distributions for observables in dynamic systems
Creators: name: Hofer, Patrick P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a general framework to investigate fluctuations of non-commuting observables. To this end, we consider the Keldysh quasi-probability distribution (KQPD). This distribution provides a measurement-independent description of the observables of interest and their time-evolution. Nevertheless, positive probability distributions for measurement outcomes can be obtained from the KQPD by taking into account the effect of measurement back-action and imprecision. Negativity in the KQPD can be linked to an interference effect and acts as an indicator for non-classical behavior. Notable examples of the KQPD are the Wigner function and the full counting statistics, both of which have been used extensively to describe systems in the absence as well as in the presence of a measurement apparatus. Here we discuss the KQPD and its moments in detail and connect it to various time-dependent problems including weak values, fluctuating work, and Leggett-Garg inequalities. Our results are illustrated using the simple example of two subsequent, non-commuting spin measurements.
description: Accepted in Quantum