cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Magnetocaloric effect and improved relative cooling power in (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrRuO3) superlattices
Creators: name: Zhang, Q.
name: Thota, S.
name: Guillou, F.
name: Padhan, P.
name: Hardy, V.
name: Wahl, A.
name: Prellier, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic properties of a series of (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrRuO3) superlattices, where the SrRuO3 layer thickness is varying, are examined. A room-temperature magnetocaloric effect is obtained owing to the finite size effect which reduces the TC of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 layers. While the working temperature ranges are enlarged,, -DeltaSmax values remains similar to the values in polycrystalline La0.7Sr0.3MnO3. Consequently, the relative cooling powers are significantly improved, the microscopic mechanism of which is related to the effect of the interfaces at La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrRuO3 and higher nanostructural disorder. This study indicates that artificial oxide superlattices/multilayers might provide an alternative pathway in searching for efficient room-temperature magnetic refrigerators for (nano)microscale systems.
description: 14^pages, 3 figures, Submitted to J. Phys. Cond. Mat
Sulfur chemistry: 1D modeling in massive dense cores
Creators: name: Wakelam, V.
name: Hersant, F.
name: Herpin, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main sulfur-bearing molecules OCS, H2S, SO, SO2, and CS have been observed in four high mass dense cores (W43-MM1, IRAS 18264, IRAS 05358, and IRAS 18162). Our goal is to put some constraints on the relative evolutionary stage of these sources by comparing these observations with time-dependent chemical modeling. We used the chemical model Nahoon, which computes the gas-phase chemistry and gas-grain interactions of depletion and evaporation. Mixing of the different chemical compositions shells in a 1D structure through protostellar envelope has been included since observed lines suggest nonthermal supersonic broadening. Observed radial profiles of the temperature and density are used to compute the chemistry as a function of time. With our model, we underproduce CS by several orders of magnitude compared to the other S-bearing molecules, which seems to contradict observations, although some uncertainties in the CS abundance observed at high temperature remain. The OCS/SO2, SO/SO2, and H2S/SO2 abundance ratios could in theory be used to trace the age of these massive protostars since they show a strong dependence with time, but the sources are too close in age compared to the accuracy of chemical models and observations. Our comparison between observations and modeling may, however, indicate that W43-MM1 could be chemically younger than the three other sources. Turbulent diffusivity through the protostellar envelopes has to be less efficient than 2e14 cm2s-1. Otherwise, it would have smoothed out the abundance profiles, and this would have been observed. The sulfur chemistry depends strongly on the 1D physical conditions. In our case, no conclusion can be given on the relative age of IRAS 18264, IRAS 18162 and IRAS 05358 except that they are very close. W43-MM1 seems younger than the other sources.
description: Accepted for publication to A&A
Toward a Deterministic Model of Planetary Formation VI: Dynamical Interaction and Coagulation of Multiple Rocky Embryos and Super-Earth Systems around Solar Type Stars
Creators: name: Ida, S.
name: Lin, D. N. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radial velocity and transit surveys indicate that solar-type stars bear super-Earths, with mass and period up to ~ 20 M_E and a few months, are more common than those with Jupiter-mass gas giants. In many cases, these super-Earths are members of multiple-planet systems in which their mutual dynamical interaction has influenced their formation and evolution. In this paper, we modify an existing numerical population synthesis scheme to take into account protoplanetary embryos' interaction with their evolving natal gaseous disk, as well as their close scatterings and resonant interaction with each other. We show that it is possible for a group of compact embryos to emerge interior to the ice line, grow, migrate, and congregate into closely-packed convoys which stall in the proximity of their host stars. After the disk-gas depletion, they undergo orbit crossing, close scattering, and giant impacts to form multiple rocky Earths or super-Earths in non-resonant orbits around ~ 0.1AU with moderate eccentricities of ~0.01-0.1. We suggest that most refractory super-Earths with period in the range of a few days to weeks may have formed through this process. These super-Earths differ from Neptune-like ice giants by their compact sizes and lack of a substantial gaseous envelope.
description: 37 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
High-order Harmonic Spectroscopy of the Cooper Minimum in Argon: Experimental and Theoretical Study
Creators: name: Higuet, J.
name: Ruf, H.
name: ThirÉ, N.
name: Cireasa, R.
name: Constant, E.
name: Cormier, E.
name: Descamps, D.
name: MÉvel, E.
name: Petit, S.
name: Pons, B.
name: Mairesse, Y.
name: Fabre, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Cooper minimum in high harmonic generation from argon atoms using long wavelength laser pulses. We find that the minimum in high harmonic spectra is systematically shifted with respect to total photoionization cross section measurements. We use a semi-classical theoretical approach based on Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo and Quantum Electron Scattering methods (CTMC-QUEST) to model the experiment. Our study reveals that the shift between photoionization and high harmonic emission is due to several effects: the directivity of the recombining electrons and emitted polarization, and the shape of the recolliding electron wavepacket.
description: 13 pages
Porous media equations with multiplicative space-time white noise
Creators: name: Dareiotis, Konstantinos
name: Gerencsér, Máté
name: Gess, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The existence of martingale solutions for stochastic porous media equations driven by nonlinear multiplicative space-time white noise is established in spatial dimension one. The Stroock-Varopoulos inequality is identified as a key tool in the derivation of the corresponding estimates.
description: 21 pages
After-gate attack on a quantum cryptosystem
Creators: name: Wiechers, Carlos
name: Lydersen, Lars
name: Wittmann, Christoffer
name: Elser, Dominique
name: Skaar, Johannes
name: Marquardt, Christoph
name: Makarov, Vadim
name: Leuchs, Gerd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method to control the detection events in quantum key distribution systems that use gated single-photon detectors. We employ bright pulses as faked states, timed to arrive at the avalanche photodiodes outside the activation time. The attack can remain unnoticed, since the faked states do not increase the error rate per se. This allows for an intercept-resend attack, where an eavesdropper transfers her detection events to the legitimate receiver without causing any errors. As a side effect, afterpulses, originating from accumulated charge carriers in the detectors, increase the error rate. We have experimentally tested detectors of the system id3110 (Clavis2) from ID Quantique. We identify the parameter regime in which the attack is feasible despite the side effect. Furthermore, we outline how simple modifications in the implementation can make the device immune to this attack.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
On the Spectrum of D=2 Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Michishita, Yoji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the structure of the spectrum of states in D=2 SU(N) supersymmetric Yang-Mills matrix quantum mechanics, which is a simplified model of Matrix theory. We compute the thermal partition function of this system and give evidence for the correctness of naively conjectured structure of the spectrum. It also suggests that Claudson-Halpern-Samuel solution is the unique eigenfunction of simultaneously diagonalizable hermitian operators, and we show that it is true in N=3 and N=4 cases.
description: 28 pages, LaTex, no figures
Crossover between two different magnetization reversal modes in arrays of iron oxide nanotubes
Creators: name: Escrig, J.
name: Bachmann, J.
name: Jing, J.
name: Daub, M.
name: Altbir, D.
name: Nielsch, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetization reversal in ordered arrays of iron oxide nanotubes of 50 nm outer diameter grown by atomic layer deposition is investigated theoretically as a function of the tube wall thickness, $d_{w}$. In thin tubes ($d_{w}<13$ nm) the reversal of magnetization is achieved by the propagation of a vortex domain boundary, while in thick tubes ($d_{w}>13$ nm) the reversal is driven by the propagation of a transverse domain boundary. Magnetostatic interactions between the tubes are responsible for a decrease of the coercive field in the array. Our calculations are in agreement with recently reported experimental results. We predict that the crossover between the vortex and transverse modes of magnetization reversal is a general phenomenon on the length scale considered.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
An effective construction for cut-and-project rhombus tilings with global n-fold rotational symmetry
Creators: name: Lutfalla, Victor H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give an explicit and effective construction for rhombus cut-and-project tilings with global n-fold rotational symmetry for any n. This construction is based on the dualization of regular n-fold multigrids. The main point is to prove the regularity of these multigrids, for this we use a result on trigonometric diophantine equations.
Breaking the symmetry. The first steps of a new way of thinking
Creators: name: Sardella, Ignazio A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking (SSB) represents a real breakthrough for present description of fundamental interactions by means of gauge theories. Although the underlying ideas were ancient, their formalization required a long time, due to epistemological obstacles and technical difficulties. In this paper, the main steps of SSB evolution are briefly outlined, from the introduction of the order parameter in the Thirties to the birth of the many-body theory at the end of the Fifties. In this context, the contribute of the capital L.Landau's works on phase transitions and quantum fluids, as well as of the seminal ideas of F. London, is highlighted, and the phenomenological approach in theoretical physics (whose features are schematically underlined) is showed to be crucial in the rising field of complex systems.
description: Submitted to Il Nuovo Cimento C
Localization of unitary braid group representations
Creators: name: Rowell, Eric C.
name: Wang, Zhenghan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 20F36, 16T25, 81P68

description: Governed by locality, we explore a connection between unitary braid group representations associated to a unitary $R$-matrix and to a simple object in a unitary braided fusion category. Unitary $R$-matrices, namely unitary solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation, afford explicitly local unitary representations of braid groups. Inspired by topological quantum computation, we study whether or not it is possible to reassemble the irreducible summands appearing in the unitary braid group representations from a unitary braided fusion category with possibly different positive multiplicities to get representations that are uniformly equivalent to the ones from a unitary R-matrix. Such an equivalence will be called a localization of the unitary braid group representations. We show that the q=exp(πi/6) specialization of the unitary Jones representation of the braid groups can be localized by a unitary $9\times 9$ R-matrix. Actually this Jones representation is the first one in a family of theories (SO(N),2) for an odd prime N>1, which are conjectured to be localizable. We formulate several general conjectures and discuss possible connections to physics and computer science.
description: 27 pages; version 2: clarified definitions, expanded section 6
Characterization of the mechanisms by which Carbonic Anhydrase IX facilitates tumour growth and metastasis
Creators: name: Vallejo Espi, Maria De Lourdes
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: The presence of hypoxic microenvironments in solid tumours is a marker of poor prognosis in numerous cancer types, including breast cancer; the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Hypoxia results in an adaptive response in tumour cells through the activation of the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α), which stimulates the expression of a large number of genes that contribute to tumour progression. One of the most prominently activated genes is Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CAIX), which facilitates the acidification of the extracellular space and cell invasion by producing protons. Moreover, it assists in keeping the intracellular space neutral through the generation of bicarbonate, which is shuttled into the cytoplasm by bicarbonate transporters, ultimately favouring cell survival. CAIX facilitates breast tumour growth and metastasis; however the exact mechanism remains unknown. The overexpression of CAIX in hypoxic solid tumours, its limited expression in normal tissue and the presence of an extracellular catalytic domain makes this protein an excellent therapeutic target. The intent of this thesis was to unveil the mechanisms by which CAIX facilitates tumour progression, and to characterize novel small molecule inhibitors and antibodies targeting CAIX. It was found that the intracellular (IC) domain of CAIX regulates its catalytic activity, which is required for cell survival, cell invasion and metastasis. The extracellular proteoglycan-like (PG-like) domain of CAIX does not regulate CAIX catalytic activity; however it does modulate cell migration, invasion and metastasis. I identified a role of CAIX in promoting tumour cell invasion through interaction with membrane-bound matrix metalloprotease-14 (MMP-14) and localization in invadopodia. The IC domain of CAIX mediates this interaction and CAIX enzymatic activity appears to regulate the ability of MMP-14 to degrade type I collagen during cell invasion. From the pool of anti-CAIX inhibitors and antibodies characterized in this thesis, the inhibitor U-104 was excellent at blocking CAIX enzymatic activity and has entered phase I clinical trials. Likewise, anti-CAIX antibody MM-26 blocked 50% of CAIX activity and induced cell death in vitro. The work described here provides new insight into the mechanism of CAIX-mediated tumour invasion and metastasis and has identified two new therapeutic strategies for targeting CAIX.
The Magnetic Structure of $Er_{2}Ti_{2}O_{7}$
Creators: name: Briffa, A. K. R.
name: Mason, R. J.
name: Long, M. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ the previously published neutron scattering experiments\cite{1,2,3} to suggest that Er$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ has a broken-symmetry multiple-{\bf q} state with tetragonal magnetic symmetry\cite{4}. The ordered moments do not appear to lie close to the crystal-field anticipated directions\cite{5} and we suggest that the low energy gapless mode, visible in specific-heat measurements\cite{6}, is not of the usual transverse isotropic Goldstone-mode type, but is longitudinal and is associated with the internal transfer of magnetism between distinct magnetic Bragg spots.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
High-Performance Silicon-Based Multiple Wavelength Source
Creators: name: Levy, Jacob S.
name: Saha, Kasturi
name: Okawachi, Yoshitomo
name: Foster, Mark A.
name: Gaeta, Alexander L.
name: Lipson, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a stable CMOS-compatible on-chip multiple-wavelength source by filtering and modulating individual lines from a frequency comb generated by a microring resonator optical parametric oscillator.. We show comb operation in a low-noise state that is stable and usable for many hours. Bit-error rate measurements demonstrate negligible power penalty from six independent frequencies when compared to a tunable diode laser baseline. Open eye diagrams confirm the fidelity of the 10 Gb/s data transmitted at the comb frequencies and the suitability of this device for use as a fully integrated silicon-based WDM source.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures
Contact structures and Beltrami fields on the torus and the sphere
Creators: name: Peralta-Salas, Daniel
name: Slobodeanu, Radu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new explicit tight and overtwisted contact structures on the (round) 3-sphere and the (flat) 3-torus for which the ambient metric is weakly compatible. Our proofs are based on the construction of nonvanishing curl eigenfields using suitable families of Jacobi or trigonometric polynomials. As a consequence, we show that the contact sphere theorem of Etnyre, Komendarczyk and Massot (2012) does not hold for weakly compatible metric as it was conjectured. We also establish a geometric rigidity for tight contact structures by showing that any contact form on the 3-sphere admitting a compatible metric that is the round one is isometric, up to a constant factor, to the standard (tight) contact form.
description: 19 pages; Remark 2 changed content
Additional file 4: of Mutation allele frequency threshold does not affect prognostic analysis using next-generation sequencing in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Creators: name: Ma, Jie
name: Fu, Yong
name: Tu, Yao-yao
name: Liu, Ying
name: Tan, Yi-ran
name: Ju, Wu-tong
name: Pickering, Curtis
name: Myers, Jeffrey
name: Zhang, Zhi-yuan
name: Zhong, Lai-ping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S4. Validation of TP53 mutations by Sanger sequencing in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. *NA: the DNA is not available. (DOCX 16Â kb)
title: Water-Rock Reaction on Mars - as Seen through Earth Analogues
Creators: name: Seidel, Robert
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2022

description: Impact-induced hydrothermal systems are important targets for Mars exploration. Their existence is confirmed by remote observation, in situ investigation by Mars rovers, and the study of Martian meteorites. However, ground truth is lacking for the alteration behaviour of basalt and gabbro in such systems, which dominate the Martian crust. This study uses a detailed petrologic investigation of an alteration event in a terrestrial analogue (Frankenstein Gabbro, Germany), combined with thermochemical modelling, to deduce a reaction path that is guided by ground truth, but independent of the terrestrial composition. Martian host rocks and fluids are substituted for the terrestrial model inputs, to predict the alteration of gabbro in an impact-induced system on Mars.

 Alteration in the Frankenstein Gabbro mimics the fracture-controlled alteration expected in Martian impact craters, being focused along tectonically-induced, < 250 μm wide fractures and associated mineral veinlets. Peak conditions are T ≥ 300 °C, at P = 150 bar. The dominant secondary assemblage is Act-Ab-Chl-Ep-Kfs-Prh, formed at pH ~ 6.7 and low water : rock ratio (W/R 10–35). The initial fluid likely resulted from mixing of an autochthonous basement fluid with a limited amount (max. 15 parts per 100) of sediment-derived fluid.

 Simulated alteration of Martian gabbro (meteorite NWA 6963) along the analogue-based reaction path predicts a uniform assemblage of amphibole-chlorite at low W/R and variable assemblages at high W/R, for two starting fluids and a control of pure water. Available ground truth suggests the low-W/R assemblage best predicts the alteration in a Martian impact-induced system. The modelled conditions are expected to take place beneath the peak ring of craters ≥ 100 km in diameter. Cooling in situ of the fluids produced at high T, low W/R results in habitable fluids at T = 10–100 °C that are suitable for potential sulfide- and/or sulfate-utilising organisms.
Sparse Aperture Masking (SAM) at NAOS/CONICA on the VLT
Creators: name: Tuthill, Peter
name: Lacour, Sylvestre
name: Amico, Paola
name: Ireland, Michael
name: Norris, Barnaby
name: Stewart, Paul
name: Evans, Tom
name: Kraus, Adam
name: Lidman, Chris
name: Pompei, Emanuela
name: Kornweibel, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The new operational mode of aperture masking interferometry has been added to the CONICA camera which lies downstream of the Adaptive Optics (AO) corrected focus provided by NAOS on the VLT-UT4 telescope. Masking has been shown to deliver superior PSF calibration, rejection of atmospheric noise and robust recovery of phase information through the use of closure phases. Over the resolution range from about half to several resolution elements, masking interferometry is presently unsurpassed in delivering high fidelity imaging and direct detection of faint companions. Here we present results from commissioning data using this powerful new operational mode, and discuss the utility for masking in a variety of scientific contexts. Of particular interest is the combination of the CONICA polarimetry capabilities together with SAM mode operation, which has revealed structures never seen before in the immediate circumstellar environments of dusty evolved stars.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, SPIE 2010
Extended Emission from Short Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected with SPI-ACS/INTEGRAL
Creators: name: Minaev, P. Yu.
name: Pozanenko, A. S.
name: Loznikov, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The short duration (T90 < 2 s) gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected in the SPI-ACS experiment onboard the INTEGRAL observatory are investigated. Averaged light curves have been constructed for various groups of events, including short GRBs and unidentified short events. Extended emission has been found in the averaged light curves of both short GRBs and unidentified short events. It is shown that the fraction of the short GRBs in the total number of SPI-ACS GRBs can range from 30 to 45%, which is considerably larger than has been thought previously.
description: 27 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 2 of The ability of late pregnancy maternal tests to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with placental dysfunction (specifically fetal growth restriction and pre-eclampsia): a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic accuracy studies
Creators: name: Griffin, Melanie
name: Heazell, Alexander E. P.
name: Chappell, Lucy C.
name: Zhao, Jian
name: Lawlor, Deborah A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 2. Draft search strategy to be used for the Medline online database.
Planck Scale Cosmology and Asymptotic Safety in Resummed Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Ward, B. F. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Weinberg's asymptotic safety approach, a finite dimensional critical surface for a UV stable fixed point generates a theory of quantum gravity with a finite number of physical parameters. We argue that, in an extension of Feynman's original formulation of the theory, we recover this fixed-point UV behavior from an exact re-arrangement of the respective perturbative series. Our results are consistent with the exact field space Wilsonian renormalization group results of Reuter {\it et al.} and with recent Hopf- algebraic Dyson-Schwinger renormalization theory results of Kreimer. We obtain the first "first principles" predictions of the dimensionless gravitational and cosmological constants and our results support the Planck scale cosmology of Bonanno and Reuter. We conclude with an estimate for the currently observed value of the cosmological constant.
description: 5 pages; presented by B.F.L. Ward at ICHEP 2010
Radial Nano-Heterojunctions Consisting of CdS Nanorods Wrapped by 2D CN:PDI Polymer with Deep HOMO for Photo-Oxidative Water Splitting, Dye Degradation and Alcohol Oxidation
Creators: Pawan Kumar
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

Solar energy harvesting using semiconductor photocatalysis offers an enticing solution to two of the biggest societal challenges, energy scarcity and environmental pollution. After decades of effort, no photocatalyst exists which can simultaneously meet the demand for excellent absorption, high quantum efficiency and photochemical resilience/durability. While CdS is an excellent photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution, pollutant degradation and organic synthesis, photocorrosion of CdS leads to the deactivation of the catalyst. Surface passivation of CdS with 2D graphitic carbon nitrides (CN) such as g-C3N4 and C3N5 has been shown to mitigate the photocorrosion problem but the poor oxidizing power of photogenerated holes in CN limits the utility of this approach for photooxidation reactions. We report the synthesis of exfoliated 2D nanosheets of a modified carbon nitride constituted of tris-s-triazine (C6N7) linked pyromellitic dianhydride polydiimide (CN:PDI) with a deep oxidative highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) position, which ensures sufficient oxidizing power for photogenerated holes in CN. The heterojunction formed by the wrapping of mono-/few layered CN:PDI on CdS nanorods (CdS/CN:PDI) was determined to be an excellent photocatalyst for oxidation reactions including photoelectrochemical water splitting, dye decolorization and the photocatalytic conversion of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. Extensive structural characterization using HR-TEM, Raman, XPS, etc., confirmed wrapping of few-layered CN:PDI on CdS nanorods. The increased photoactivity in CdS/CN:PDI catalyst was ascribed to facile electron transfer from CdS to CN:PDI in comparison to CdS/g-C3N4, leading to an increased electron density on the surface of the photocatalyst to drive chemical reactions.
Additional file 9 of Nomograms for predicting difficult airway based on ultrasound assessment
Creators: name: Wang, Bin
name: Yao, Weidong
name: Xue, Qi
name: Wang, Mingfang
name: Xu, Jianling
name: Chen, Yongquan
name: Zhang, Ye
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biochemistry
Space Science
Medicine
Pharmacology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 9: Figure S2. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) of age in DL.
Interaction between light and matter: A photon wave function approach
Creators: name: Saldanha, Pablo L.
name: Monken, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Bialynicki-Birula-Sipe photon wave function formalism is extended to include the interaction between photons and continuous non-absorptive media. When the second quantization of this formalism is introduced, a new way of describing the quantum interactions between light and matter emerges. As an example of application, the quantum state of the twin photons generated by parametric down conversion is obtained in agreement with previous treatments, but with a more intuitive interpretation.
description: 13 pages, no figures. To appear in New Journal of Physics
CODAS-Sort ve Çok Boyutlu Ölçekleme Analizi ile İllerin Girişimcilik Sınıflandırması
Creators: name: Aytekin, Ahmet
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 220302 Decision Theory
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: 170202 Decision Making
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Entrepreneurship has positive effects on reducing unemployment and economic growth. In this context, countries produce policies to support entrepreneurship. One of these countries is Turkey. In this study, it is aimed to examine the newly created ventures at the provincial level in Turkey in recent times. Also, the classification of the provinces based on new venture numbers and to identify the basic characteristics of these classes is aimed. The data obtained from TUIK for the 2017-2019 period were analyzed using Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and CODAS-Sort methods. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that İstanbul differs significantly from other provinces. According to the classification including four classes, Istanbul alone constituted the first class, while Ankara and Izmir constituted the second class. Fifty-nine provinces were assigned in the third class and nineteen in the fourth class. When the results are evaluated across Turkey, an entrepreneur profile is emerging, centered mainly in Istanbul and the service sector. At this point, it is thought that it would be appropriate to focus on sub-sectors within the technology and manufacturing with high added value and to establish cluster-like initiatives by the state to facilitate access to resources for these sectors.
Regularisation by regular noise
Creators: name: Gerencsér, Máté
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that perturbing ill-posed differential equations with (potentially very) smooth random processes can restore well-posedness -- even if the perturbation is (potentially much) more regular than the drift component of the solution. The noise considered is of fractional Brownian type, and the familiar regularity condition $α>1-1/(2H)$ is recovered for all non-integer $H>1$.
description: 13 pages
Gravitational collapse and black hole formation in a braneworld
Creators: name: Wang, Daoyan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: In this thesis we present the first numerical study of gravitational collapse in braneworld within the framework of the single brane model by Randall-Sundrum (RSII). We directly show that the evolutions of sufficiently strong initial data configurations result in black holes (BHs) with finite extension into the bulk. The extension changes from sphere to pancake (or cigar, as seen from a different perspective) as the size of BH increases. We find preliminary evidences that BHs of the same size generated from distinct initial data profiles are geometrically indistinguishable. As such, a no-hair theorem of BH (uniqueness of BH solution) is suggested to hold in the RSII spacetimes studied in this thesis—these spacetimes are axisymmetric without angular momentum and non-gravitational charges. In particular, the BHs we obtained as the results of the dynamical system, are consistent with the ones previously obtained from a static vacuum system by Figueras and Wiseman. We also obtained some results in closed form without numerical computation such as the equality of ADM mass of the brane with the total mass of the braneworld. The calculation within the braneworld requires advances in the formalism of numerical relativity (NR). The regularity problem in previous numerical calculations in axisymmetric (and spherically symmetric) spacetimes, is actually associated with neither coordinate systems nor the machine pre- cision. The numerical calculation is regular in any coordinates, provided the fundamental variables (used in numerical calculations) are regular, and their asymptotic behaviours at the vicinity of the axis (or origin) are compatible with the finite difference scheme. The generalized harmonic (GH) formalism and the BSSN formalism for general relativity are developed to make them suitable for calculations in non-Cartesian coordinates under non-flat background. A conformal function of the metric is included into the GH formalism to simulate the braneworld.
Geomiti, processo di cristianizzazione e figure di Santi nella Valle d’Ansanto (Irpinia, Campania, Italia) Geomythes, Christianization process and figures of Saints in the Ansanto Valley (Irpinia, Campania, Italy)
Creators: name: sisto, michele
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 40399 Geology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: History
subject: 220407 Studies in Religious Traditions (excl. Eastern, Jewish, Christian and Islamic Traditions)
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: In this paper we deal with some probable connections noticed analysing a very important
geological emergency (the gas emissions of Mefite in the Ansanto Valley, Province of Avellino,
Campania, Italy) and the birth of some forms of pagan ritualism which should be emblematic of
a kind of Geomythology that was not completely supersed in the long term by Christian proselitism enacted by preachers, smong which the figure of Marciano di Frigento reveals to be really interesting. For these reasons it’s our aim to talk about the relevant historical religious and
scientific data that are consistent with our territory and focus on its cultural importance, in a sustainable and holistic way, for the recognition of Cultural Landscape by UNESCO.
Photonic Technologies for a Pupil Remapping Interferometer
Creators: name: Tuthill, Peter
name: Jovanovic, Nemanja
name: Lacour, Sylvestre
name: Lehmann, Andrew
name: Ams, Martin
name: Marshall, Graham
name: Lawrence, Jon
name: Withford, Michael
name: Robertson, Gordon
name: Ireland, Michael
name: Pope, Benjamin
name: Stewart, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interest in pupil-remapping interferometry, in which a single telescope pupil is fragmented and recombined using fiber optic technologies, has been growing among a number of groups. As a logical extrapolation from several highly successful aperture masking programs underway worldwide, pupil remapping offers the advantage of spatial filtering (with single-mode fibers) and in principle can avoid the penalty of low throughput inherent to an aperture mask. However in practice, pupil remapping presents a number of difficult technological challenges including injection into the fibers, pathlength matching of the device, and stability and reproducibility of the results. Here we present new approaches based on recently-available photonic technologies in which coherent three-dimensional waveguide structures can be sculpted into bulk substrate. These advances allow us to miniaturize the photonic processing into a single, robust, thermally stable element; ideal for demanding observatory or spacecraft environments. Ultimately, a wide range of optical functionality could be routinely fabricated into such structures, including beam combiners and dispersive or wavelength selective elements, bringing us closer to the vision of an interferometer on a chip.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, SPIE 2010
Challenging times: a re-analysis of NGC 5408 X-1
Creators: name: Middleton, M. J.
name: Roberts, T. P.
name: Done, C.
name: Jackson, F. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX), NGC 5408 X-1, is one of only 3 such objects to show a quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) in its power spectrum. Previous analysis of this signal identified it with the well-studied type C low-frequency QPO (LFQPO) seen in black hole binaries (BHBs), implying an intermediate mass black hole (IMBH). However, in BHBs this QPO has a centroid frequency which scales tightly with the position of the low-frequency break in the broad band power spectrum. We use this relation to predict the frequency of the power spectral break in NGC 5408 X-1, and show that this is inconsistent with the break frequencies in both available, archival XMM-Newton observations. Thus the broad band power spectral shape does not support this identification of the QPO. The energy spectra also do not support an IMBH interpretation. They can be fit by a two-component model, best described by soft thermal emission at low energies, together with low-temperature, optically thick Comptonisation producing a tail which dominates above 2 keV. The parameters of the tail are unlike those seen in any of the sub-Eddington BHB spectral states. The energy dependent variability supports this deconvolution, as it is consistent with the soft thermal component below 2 keV diluting extreme variability of the high energy tail. The only objects with similar spectra which have similar amounts of variability are the BHB, GRS 1915+105, and some extreme NLS1s. This suggests that NGC 5408 X-1 is in a similar super-Eddington state, placing a natural limit on the mass of < 100 solar masses. Its QPO could then be similar to the ultra-LFQPO seen occasionally in GRS 1915+105, consistent with a large stellar mass black hole. We suggest a model geometry which may explain the spectra and variability of highly super-Eddington sources.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Random Gaussian sums on trees
Creators: name: Lifshits, Mikhail
name: Linde, Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G15, 06A06, 05C05

description: Let $T$ be a tree with induced partial order $\preceq$. We investigate centered Gaussian processes $X=(X_t)_{t\in T}$ represented as $$ X_t=σ(t)\sum_{v \preceq t}α(v)ξ_v $$ for given weight functions $α$ and $σ$ on $T$ and with $(ξ_v)_{v\in T}$ i.i.d. standard normal. In a first part we treat general trees and weights and derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the a.s. boundedness of $X$ in terms of compactness properties of $(T,d)$. Here $d$ is a special metric defined via $α$ and $σ$, which, in general, is not comparable with the Dudley metric generated by $X$. In a second part we investigate the boundedness of $X$ for the binary tree and for homogeneous weights. Assuming some mild regularity assumptions about $α$ we completely characterize weights $α$ and $σ$ with $X$ being a.s. bounded.
Accretion, jets and winds: High-energy emission from young stellar objects
Creators: name: Guenther, Hans Moritz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article summarizes the processes of high-energy emission in young stellar objects. Stars of spectral type A and B are called Herbig Ae/Be (HAeBe) stars in this stage, all later spectral types are termed classical T Tauri stars (CTTS). Both types are studied by high-resolution X-ray and UV spectroscopy and modeling. Three mechanisms contribute to the high-energy emission from CTTS: 1) CTTS have active coronae similar to main-sequence stars, 2) the accreted material passes through an accretion shock at the stellar surface, which heats it to a few MK, and 3) some CTTS drive powerful outflows. Shocks within these jets can heat the plasma to X-ray emitting temperatures. Coronae are already well characterized in the literature; for the latter two scenarios models are shown. The magnetic field suppresses motion perpendicular to the field lines in the accretion shock, thus justifying a 1D geometry. The radiative loss is calculated as optically thin emission. A mixture of shocked and coronal gas is fitted to X-ray observations of accreting CTTS. Specifically, the model explains the peculiar line-ratios in the He-like triplets of Ne IX and O VII. All stars require only small mass accretion rates to power the X-ray emission. In contrast, the HAeBe HD 163296 has line ratios similar to coronal sources, indicating that neither a high density nor a strong UV-field is present in the region of the X-ray emission. This could be caused by a shock in its jet. Similar emission is found in the deeply absorbed CTTS DG Tau. Shock velocities between 400 and 500 km/s are required to explain the observed spectrum.
Isoperimetric control of the Steklov spectrum
Creators: name: Colbois, Bruno
name: Soufi, Ahmad El
name: Girouard, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58J50, 58E11, 35P15

description: Let N be a complete Riemannian manifold of dimension n+1 whose Riemannian metric g is conformally equivalent to a metric with non-negative Ricci curvature. The normalized Steklov eigenvalues of a bounded domain in N are bounded above in terms of the isoperimetric ratio of the domain. Consequently, the normalized Steklov eigenvalues of a bounded domain in Euclidean space, hyperbolic space or a standard hemisphere are uniformly bounded above. On a compact surface with boundary, the normalized Steklov eigenvalues are uniformly bounded above in terms of the genus. We also obtain a relationship between the Steklov eigenvalues of a domain and the eigenvalues of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on its bounding hypersurface.
Effect of Si and Ga substitutions on the magnetocaloric properties of NiCoMnSb quaternary Heusler alloys
Creators: name: Sahoo, Roshnee
name: Nayak, Ajaya K.
name: Suresh, K. G.
name: Nigam, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of Si and Ga substitutions on the magnetic and the magnetocaloric properties in Heusler based system Ni46Co4Mn38Sb12-xZx (Z=Si and Ga) has been studied. From the M(T) plots it is found that Si substitution stabilizes the austenite phase, whereas, Ga substitution stabilizes the martensite phase. Strong metamagnetic behaviour is observed in the M(H) isotherms for Si=0.75 and 1, whereas, such a behaviour is absent in the Ga substituted alloys. Associated with magneto-structural transition, large MCE of 58 J/kg K and 70 J/kg K is observed for x=0.75 and 1, respectively in the case of Si. Though the MCE observed in x=0.5 and 1 in the case of Ga is much lower, the MCE peak is found to be quite broad.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in Journal of Applied Physics
Information theory of quantum systems with some hydrogenic applications
Creators: name: Dehesa, J. S.
name: Manzano, D.
name: Sánchez-Moreno, P. S.
name: Yáñez, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The information-theoretic representation of quantum systems, which complements the familiar energy description of the density-functional and wave-function-based theories, is here discussed. According to it, the internal disorder of the quantum-mechanical non-relativistic systems can be quantified by various single (Fisher information, Shannon entropy) and composite (e.g. Cramer-Rao, LMC shape and Fisher-Shannon complexity) functionals of the Schrödinger probability density. First, we examine these concepts and its application to quantum systems with central potentials. Then, we calculate these measures for hydrogenic systems, emphasizing their predictive power for various physical phenomena. Finally, some recent open problems are pointed out.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 8 of Nomograms for predicting difficult airway based on ultrasound assessment
Creators: name: Wang, Bin
name: Yao, Weidong
name: Xue, Qi
name: Wang, Mingfang
name: Xu, Jianling
name: Chen, Yongquan
name: Zhang, Ye
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biochemistry
Space Science
Medicine
Pharmacology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 8: Figure S1. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) of TMJ in DL.
Onsager coefficients of a Brownian Carnot cycle
Creators: name: Izumida, Yuki
name: Okuda, Koji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a Brownian Carnot cycle introduced by T. Schmiedl and U. Seifert [Europhys. Lett. \textbf{81}, 20003 (2008)] from a viewpoint of the linear irreversible thermodynamics. By considering the entropy production rate of this cycle, we can determine thermodynamic forces and fluxes of the cycle and calculate the Onsager coefficients for general protocols, that is, arbitrary schedules to change the potential confining the Brownian particle. We show that these Onsager coefficients contain the information of the protocol shape and they satisfy the tight-coupling condition irrespective of whatever protocol shape we choose. These properties may give an explanation why the Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency often appears in the finite-time heat engines.