Acanthosomatidae Signoret 1863
Creators: name: Grazia, Jocelia
name: Schuh, Randall T.
name: Wheeler, Ward C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Acanthosomatidae

description: <i>ACANTHOSOMATIDAE Signoret</i> <i>Historical</i>: This predominantly Southern Hemisphere taxon includes three subfamilies: Acanthosomatinae, Blaudinae with two tribes Blaudini and Lanopini, and Ditomotarsinae, also with two tribes, Ditomotarsini and Laccophorellini (Kumar, 1974). Froeschner (1999) emendedthe spelling of Blaudusinae Kumar to Blaudinae and Blaudini because the higher-taxon name was based on <i>Blaudus</i> Stål; we follow Froeschner̕s usage. In the cladistic analysis of Gapud (1991) the Acanthosomatidae is related to the Dinidoridae plus Tessaratomidae and Scutelleridae, coming out in a relatively basal position on the cladogram (Fig. 1f). Fischer (1994a,b), in a phylogenetic analysisof the family, stressed the monophyly of the Acanthosomatidae based on three non-homoplastic characters and one homoplastic character: (i) presence of Pendergrast̕s organ (abdominal disc organ), (ii) segment VIII in males visible (not concealed by segment VII), (iii) females with a special organ for symbiont transmission, and (iv) openings of anterior abdominal scent glands shifted laterad, a feature shared with the Scutelleridae. Fischer (2006) described the biological context and evolution of Pendergrast̕s organ in the Acanthosomatidae, presenting a surveyof these organsin more than 100 acanthosamatid species. <i>Analytical result</i>: Our morphological and total evidence analyses (Figs 42–44 and 51–55, respectively) always resolve the Acanthosomatidae as monophyletic, a theory concordant with most prior work. Our taxon sample for DNA sequences is biased toward the Australian fauna and the subfamilies Acanthosomatinae and Blaudinae, although we did sequence <i>Elasmostethus</i> Fieber from the Northern Hemisphere, a member of the Acanthosomatinae. The position of the group within the Pentatomoidea is variable, depending on the data set being analysed. The morphological analyses treat the group as relatively basal (Figs 42–44), whereas the molecular data always treat the group as closely associated with the Pentatomidae (Figs 45 and 46), although sometimes with a small number of other taxa involved (Fig. 45). The 52-taxon total evidence analyses (Figs 51 and 52) place the Acanthosomatidae + Lestoniidae as the sister group of the Pentatomidae, in the case of 1: 1 cost ratio also including <i>Thaumastella</i>. The result of the 92-taxon analysis under a 1: 1 cost ratio (Fig. 53) is similar to molecular and 52-taxon analyses, the 1: 2 cost ratio moves the Acanthosomatidae to a more basal position in the cladogram (Fig. 54), and the 2: 2 costratioincludesthe Dinidoridae + Tessaratomidae as part of the Acanthosomatidae + Pentatomidae complex. Morphological characters supporting the monophyly of the Acanthosomatidae in both the morphological and 92-taxon total evidence analyses are the membranous abdominal tergite VIII in males (411) and the triangulin absent with a smooth intergonocoxal membrane between gonapophyses 8 (531). The 92-taxon total evidence analyses offer additional support from the obsolete claval commissure (172) and the claws with bristles (311).
description: Published as part of <i>Grazia, Jocelia, Schuh, Randall T. &amp; Wheeler, Ward C., 2008, Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera), pp. 932-976 in Cladistics 24</i> on pages 969-970, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00224.x, http://zenodo.org/record/3968591
description: {"references": ["Kumar, R., 1974. A revision of world Acanthosomatidae (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea): Keys to and descriptions of subfamilies, tribes and genera with designation of types. Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser. N. 34, 1 - 60.", "Froeschner, R. C., 1999. Revision of the South American genus Hellica Stal (Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae). J. NY Entomol. Soc. 107, 164 - 170.", "Gapud, V., 1991. A generic revision of the subfamily Asopinae with consideration of its phylogenetic position in the family Pentatomidae and superfamily Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Philippine Entomol. 8, 865 - 961.", "Fischer, C., 1994 a. Phylogenetisch-systematische analyse der Acanthosomatidae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea). Verh. Deut. Zool. Ges. 87, 220.", "Fischer, C., 2006. The biological context and evolution of Pendergrasts \u0315 organs of Acanthosomatidae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea). In: Rabitsch, W. (Ed.), Hug the bug-For love of true bugs. Festschrift zum 70 Geburtstag von Ernst Heiss., Denisia 19, 1041 - 1054."]}