cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
QCD sum rules for D mesons in dense and hot nuclear matter
Creators: name: Hilger, T.
name: Schulze, R.
name: Kampfer, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Open charm mesons (pseudo-scalar and scalar as well as axial-vector and vector) propagating or resting in nuclear matter display an enhanced sensitivity to the chiral condensate. This offers new prospects to seek for signals of chiral restoration, in particular in p-A and p-bar-A reactions as envisaged in first-round experiments by the CBM and PANDA collaborations at FAIR. Weinberg type sum rules for charming chiral partners are presented, and the distinct in-medium modifications of open-charm mesons are discussed. We also address the gluon condensates near Tc and their impact on QCD sum rules.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures, conference proceedings
Modularity and anti-modularity in networks with arbitrary degree distribution
Creators: name: Hintze, Arend
name: Adami, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Networks describing the interaction of the elements that constitute a complex system grow and develop via a number of different mechanisms, such as the addition and deletion of nodes, the addition and deletion of edges, as well as the duplication or fusion of nodes. While each of these mechanisms can have a different cause depending on whether the network is biological, technological, or social, their impact on the network's structure, as well as its local and global properties, is similar. This allows us to study how each of these mechanisms affects networks either alone or together with the other processes, and how they shape the characteristics that have been observed. We study how a network's growth parameters impact the distribution of edges in the network, how they affect a network's modularity, and point out that some parameters will give rise to networks that have the opposite tendency, namely to display anti-modularity. Within the model we are describing, we can search the space of possible networks for parameter sets that generate networks that are very similar to well-known and well-studied examples, such as the brain of a worm, and the network of interactions of the proteins in baker's yeast.
description: 23 pages. 13 figures, 1 table. Includes Supplementary text
Performance Enhancement of Multiuser Time Reversal UWB Communication System
Creators: name: Naqvi, Ijaz Haider
name: Khaleghi, Ali
name: Zein, Ghaïs El
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: UWB communication is a recent research area for indoor propagation channels. Time Reversal (TR) communication in UWB has shown promising results for improving the system performance. In multiuser environment, the system performance is significantly degraded due to the interference among different users. TR reduces the interference caused by multiusers due to its spatial focusing property. The performance of a multiuser TR communication system is further improved if the TR filter is modified. In this paper, multiuser TR in UWB communication is investigated using simple TR filter and a modified TR filter with circular shift operation. The concept of circular shift in TR is analytically studied. Thereafter, the channel impulse responses (CIR) of a typical indoor laboratory environment are measured. The measured CIRs are used to analyze the received signal peak power and signal to interference ratio (SIR) with and without performing the circular shift operation in a multiuser environment.
Characterisation of Ferromagnetic Contacts to Carbon Nanotubes
Creators: name: Preusche, D.
name: Schmidmeier, S.
name: Pallecchi, E.
name: Dietrich, Ch.
name: Huettel, A. K.
name: Zweck, J.
name: Strunk, Ch.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an investigation of different thin-film evaporated ferromagnetic materials for their suitability as electrodes in individual single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotube-based spin devices. Various electrode shapes made from permalloy (Ni_{81}Fe_{19}), the diluted ferromagnet PdFe, and PdFe/Fe bilayers are studied for both their micromagnetic properties and their contact formation to carbon nanotubes. Suitable devices are tested in low-temperature electron transport measurements, displaying the typical tunneling magnetoresistance of carbon nanotube pseudo spin valves.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures
The 14C(n,g) cross section between 10 keV and 1 MeV
Creators: name: Reifarth, R.
name: Heil, M.
name: Forssen, C.
name: Besserer, U.
name: Couture, A.
name: Dababneh, S.
name: Doerr, L.
name: Goerres, J.
name: Haight, R. C.
name: Kaeppeler, F.
name: Mengoni, A.
name: O'Brien, S.
name: Patronis, N.
name: Plag, R.
name: Rundberg, R. S.
name: Wiescher, M.
name: Wilhelmy, J. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutron capture cross section of 14C is of relevance for several nucleosynthesis scenarios such as inhomogeneous Big Bang models, neutron induced CNO cycles, and neutrino driven wind models for the r process. The 14C(n,g) reaction is also important for the validation of the Coulomb dissociation method, where the (n,g) cross section can be indirectly obtained via the time-reversed process. So far, the example of 14C is the only case with neutrons where both, direct measurement and indirect Coulomb dissociation, have been applied. Unfortunately, the interpretation is obscured by discrepancies between several experiments and theory. Therefore, we report on new direct measurements of the 14C(n,g) reaction with neutron energies ranging from 20 to 800 keV.
The macrobenthic fauna of Great Lake and Arthurs Lake, Tasmania
Creators: name: Fulton, W
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The histories of Great Lake and Arthurs Lake are outlined In terms of geology, geomorphology, discovery, previous biological collections and drainage alterations. Collections of the benthic fauna were made from six sites in each lake every two months for a period of twelve months in Great Lake and fourteen months in Arthurs Lake. A total of 1560 grab samples in 20 sample series were examined. The number of individuals in each species was counted and total wet weights for each sample series were estimated. Physical data collected included sediment particle size distribution and organic content as well as temperature readings. An accurate and comparatively complete species list for each lake has been compiled and affinities are discussed. Approximately 15 species collected during the survey have been recognised as new to science and taxonomic descriptions have been made, or are pending. The data were briefly examined for variation within sample series at each site and for seasonal variation within a site. Some data on life histories of certain species are presented. Detailed analyses of faunal variation between sites, within and between lakes were made. This was done using both qualitative and quantitative (numbers of individuals) data. Cluster analysis, using various sorting strategies, generally grouped sites from the original lake areas of both lakes before grouping sites from different levels of the same lake. Principal coordinates analysis gave similar results. Biomass levels are presented and discussed in terms of component species groups. Instantaneous growth rates of some species are briefly examined. The species diversity and benthic biomass of the two lakes are discussed in relation to other Tasmanian, Australian and overseas lakes. The topics of lake typology and lake classification are examined both in relation to Australian lakes and in general. The question of prediction of lacustrine production levels is also briefly examined.
On the Bandwidth of High-Impedance Frequency Selective Surfaces
Creators: name: Costa, Filippo
name: Genovesi, Simone
name: Monorchio, Agostino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, the bandwidth of high-impedance surfaces (HISs) is discussed by an equivalent circuit approach. Even if these surfaces have been employed for almost 10 years, it is sometimes unclear how to choose the shape of the frequency selective surface (FSS) on the top of the grounded slab in order to achieve the largest possible bandwidth. Here, we will show that the conventional approach describing the HIS as a parallel connection between the inductance given by the grounded dielectric substrate and the capacitance of the FSS may induce inaccurate results in the determination of the operating bandwidth of the structure. Indeed, in order to derive a more complete model and to provide a more accurate estimate of the operating bandwidth, it is also necessary to introduce the series inductance of the FSS.We will present the explicit expression for defining the bandwidth of a HIS, and we will show that the reduction of the FSS inductance results in the best choice for achieving wide operating bandwidth in correspondence with a given frequency.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
Photon HBT interferometry for non-central heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Frodermann, Evan
name: Heinz, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Currently, the only known way to obtain experimental information about the space-time structure of a heavy-ion collision is through 2-particle momentum correlations. Azimuthally sensitive HBT interferometry (Hanbury Brown-Twiss intensity interferometry) can complement elliptic flow measurements by constraining the spatial deformation of the source and its time evolution. Performing these measurements on photons allows us to access the fireball evolution at earlier times than with hadrons. Using ideal hydrodynamics to model the space-time evolution of the collision fireball, we explore theoretically various aspects of 2-photon intensity interferometry with transverse momenta up to 2 GeV, in particular the azimuthal angle dependence of the HBT radii in non-central collisions. We highlight the dual nature of thermal photon emission, in both central and non-central collisions, resulting from the superposition of QGP and hadron resonance gas photon production. This signature is present in both the thermal photon source function and the HBT radii extracted from Gaussian fits of the 2-photon correlation function.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures
Analysis of the parameter space and spectrum of the $μν$SSM
Creators: name: Escudero, Nicolas
name: Lopez-Fogliani, Daniel E.
name: Munoz, Carlos
name: de Austri, Roberto Ruiz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $μν$SSM is a supersymmetric standard model that solves the $μ$ problem of the MSSM using the R-parity breaking couplings between the right-handed neutrino superfields and the Higgses in the superpotential, $λ_{i} \hat ν^c_i \hat H_d \hat H_u$. The $μ$ term is generated spontaneously through sneutrino vacuum expectation values, $μ=λ_i < \tilde ν^c_i>$, once the electroweak symmetry is broken. In addition, the couplings $κ_{ijk} \hat ν^c_i\hat ν^c_j\hat ν^c_k$ forbid a global U(1) symmetry avoiding the existence of a Goldstone boson, and also contribute to spontaneously generate Majorana masses for neutrinos at the electroweak scale. Following this proposal, we have analysed in detail the parameter space of the $μν$SSM. In particular, we have studied viable regions avoiding false minima and tachyons, as well as fulfilling the Landau pole constraint. We have also computed the associated spectrum, paying special attention to the mass of the lightest Higgs. The presence of right and left-handed sneutrino vacuum expectation values leads to a peculiar structure for the mass matrices. The most important consequence is that neutralinos are mixed with neutrinos, and neutral Higgses with sneutrinos.
description: Final version accepted in JHEP. 38 pages, 12 figures
An electronic simulation of the human handwriting system
Creators: name: McDonald, Robert Glen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A simple model of an antagonistic muscle system is developed based on several published physiological observations and is found to be a linear first order approximation to mammalian muscle. The model response is compared to that of the human hand in various tests including impulse response, frequency response, step response and the effect of sliding friction. The results of these tests are used to select the mechanical parameters of the proposed model. The final model simulates many of the observed responses of the human hand when executing motions similar to handwriting. A control scheme is proposed for use with the mechanical model and an electronic simulation of the whole system is conducted using a digital and an analogue computer. Good matches of displacement and acceleration waveforms from human handwriting were produced by the simulation. A discussion of some physiological evidence supporting the proposed control scheme is given.
First-Principles Study for the Anisotropy of Iron-based Superconductors toward Power and Device Applications
Creators: name: Nakamura, Hiroki
name: Machida, Masahiko
name: Koyama, Tomio
name: Hamada, Noriaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Performing the first-principles calculations, we investigate the anisotropy in the superconducting state of iron-based superconductors to gain an insight into their potential applications. The anisotropy ratio $γ_λ$ of the c-axis penetration depth to the ab-plane one is relatively small in BaFe2As2 and LiFeAs, i.e., $γ_λ\sim 3$, indicating that the transport applications are promising in these superconductors. On the other hand, in those having perovskite type blocking layers such as Sr2ScFePO3 we find a very large value, $γ_λ\sim 200$, comparable to that in strongly anisotropic high-Tc cuprate Bi2Sr2CaCu2O{8-δ}. Thus, the intrinsic Josephson junction stacks are expected to be formed along the c-axis, and novel Josephson effects due to the multi-gap nature are also suggested in these superconductors.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Large Magnetic Susceptibility Anisotropy of Metallic Carbon Nanotubes
Creators: name: Searles, T. A.
name: Imanaka, Y.
name: Takamasu, T.
name: Ajiki, H.
name: Fagan, J. A.
name: Hobbie, E. K.
name: Kono, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Through magnetic linear dichroism spectroscopy, the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes has been extracted and found to be 2-4 times greater than values for semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes. This large anisotropy is consistent with our calculations and can be understood in terms of large orbital paramagnetism of electrons in metallic nanotubes arising from the Aharonov-Bohm-phase-induced gap opening in a parallel field. We also compare our values with previous work for semiconducting nanotubes, which confirm a break from the prediction that the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy increases linearly with the diameter.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Complex crystal structures formed by the self assembly of di-tethered nanospheres
Creators: name: Iacovella, Christopher R.
name: Glotzer, Sharon C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results from a computational study of the self-assembly of amphiphilic di-tethered nanospheres using molecular simulation. As a function of the interaction strength and directionality of the tether-tether interactions, we predict the formation of four highly ordered phases not previously reported for nanoparticle systems. We find a double diamond structure comprised of a zincblende (binary diamond) arrangement of spherical micelles with a complementary diamond network of nanoparticles (ZnS/D); a phase of alternating spherical micelles in a NaCl structure with a complementary simple cubic network of nanoparticles to form an overall crystal structure identical to that of AlCu_2Mn (NaCl/SC); an alternating tetragonal ordered cylinder phase with a tetragonal mesh of nanoparticles described by the [8,8,4] Archimedean tiling (TC/T); and an alternating diamond phase in which both diamond networks are formed by the tethers (AD) within a nanoparticle matrix. We compare these structures with those observed in linear and star triblock copolymer systems.
Higher-order distributions and nongrowing complex networks without multiple connections
Creators: name: Hruz, Tomas
name: Natora, Michal
name: Agrawal, Madhuresh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study stochastic processes that generate non-growing complex networks without self-loops and multiple edges (simple graphs). The work concentrates on understanding and formulation of constraints which keep the rewiring stochastic processes within the class of simple graphs. To formulate these constraints a new concept of wedge distribution (paths of length 2) is introduced and its relation to degree-degree correlation is studied. The analysis shows that the constraints, together with edge selection rules, do not even allow to formulate a closed master equation in the general case. We also introduce a particular stochastic process which does not contain edge selection rules, but which, we believe, can provide some insight into the complexities of simple graphs.
description: This is an updated version of the original article published in Physical Review E. The original article can be found at http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.77.046101
Causality and Primordial Tensor Modes
Creators: name: Baumann, Daniel
name: Zaldarriaga, Matias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the real space correlation function of $B$-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) as a probe of superhorizon tensor perturbations created by inflation. By causality, any non-inflationary mechanism for gravitational wave production after reheating, like global phase transitions or cosmic strings, must have vanishing correlations for angular separations greater than the angle subtended by the particle horizon at recombination, i.e. $θ\gtrsim 2^\circ$. Since ordinary $B$-modes are defined non-locally in terms of the Stokes parameters $Q$ and $U$ and therefore don't have to respect causality, special care is taken to define `causal $\tilde B$-modes' for the analysis. We compute the real space $\tilde B$-mode correlation function for inflation and discuss its detectability on superhorizon scales where it provides an unambiguous test of inflationary gravitational waves. The correct identification of inflationary tensor modes is crucial since it relates directly to the energy scale of inflation. Wrongly associating tensor modes from causal seeds with inflation would imply an incorrect inference of the energy scale of inflation. We find that the superhorizon $\tilde B$-mode signal is above cosmic variance for the angular range $2^\circ < θ< 4^\circ$ and is therefore in principle detectable. In practice, the signal will be challenging to measure since it requires accurately resolving the recombination peak of the $B$-mode power spectrum. However, a future CMB satellite (CMBPol), with noise level $Δ_P \simeq 1μ$K-arcmin and sufficient resolution to efficiently correct for lensing-induced $B$-modes, should be able to detect the signal at more than 3$σ$ if the tensor-to-scalar ratio isn't smaller than $r \simeq 0.01$.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
Fermion Wavefunctions in Magnetized branes: Theta identities and Yukawa couplings
Creators: name: Antoniadis, Ignatios
name: Kumar, Alok
name: Panda, Binata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Computation of Yukawa couplings, determining superpotentials as well as the Kähler metric, with oblique (non-commuting) fluxes in magnetized brane constructions is an interesting unresolved issue, in view of the importance of such fluxes for obtaining phenomenologically viable models. In order to perform this task, fermion (scalar) wavefunctions on toroidally compactified spaces are presented for general fluxes, parameterized by Hermitian matrices with eigenvalues of arbitrary signatures. We also give explicit mappings among fermion wavefunctions, of different internal chiralities on the tori, which interchange the role of the flux components with the complex structure of the torus. By evaluating the overlap integral of the wavefunctions, we give the expressions for Yukawa couplings among chiral multiplets arising from an arbitrary set of branes (or their orientifold images). The method is based on constructing certain mathematical identities for general Riemann theta functions with matrix valued modular parameter. We briefly discuss an application of the result, for the mass generation of non-chiral fermions, in the SU(5) GUT model presented by us in arXiv:0709.2799.
description: 77 pages, v2:Some additions and improvements in text, version to appear in Nucl. Phys. B
Additional file 2 of Capsulized faecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates post-weaning diarrhoea by modulating the gut microbiota in piglets
Creators: name: Tang, Wenjie
name: Chen, Daiwen
name: Yu, Bing
name: He, Jun
name: Huang, Zhiqing
name: Zheng, Ping
name: Mao, Xiangbing
name: Luo, Yuheng
name: Luo, Junqiu
name: Wang, Quyuan
name: Wang, Huifen
name: Yu, Jie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Histological damage score.
Capillarity Theory for the Fly-Casting Mechanism
Creators: name: Trizac, E.
name: Levy, Y.
name: Wolynes, P. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Biomolecular folding and function are often coupled. During molecular recognition events, one of the binding partners may transiently or partially unfold, allowing more rapid access to a binding site. We describe a simple model for this flycasting mechanism based on the capillarity approximation and polymer chain statistics. The model shows that flycasting is most effective when the protein unfolding barrier is small and the part of the chain which extends towards the target is relatively rigid. These features are often seen in known examples of flycasting in protein-DNA binding. Simulations of protein-DNA binding based on well-funneled native-topology models with electrostatic forces confirm the trends of the analytical theory.
Low-energy theorems and spectral density of the Dirac operator in AdS/QCD
Creators: name: Kopnin, P. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the low-energy theorems of QCD from the point of view of the dual AdS/QCD models and demonstrate that these models are compatible with the theorems in the chiral limit, i.e. the arising expressions have the same analytical behavior at the pole when the quark mass tends to zero. Low-energy theorems are formulated in terms of the spectral density of the Dirac operator. In order to calculate the spectral density in the dual holographic models we express it in terms of a partition function of a QCD-like theory.
description: 26 pages, minor typos corrected, PACS added
On Thermostats: Isokinetic or Hamiltonian? finite or infinite?
Creators: name: Gallavotti, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relation between finite isokinetic thermostats and infinite Hamiltonian thermostats is studied and their equivalence is heuristically discussed.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure v2: several comments added thanks to the referees' suggestions; v3: collision rules with walls and influence on the form of the equations of motion precised (see acknowledgements). Two columns format
Aspects of the Striped Trumpeter (Latris lineata) Immune Response
Creators: name: Covello, Jennifer Marie
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The striped trumpeter (Latris lineate Forester 1801) has been identified as a new species for commercial culture in Tasmanian waters. Over the past 20 years, much research has gone into understanding the biology of this species, with specific attention to closing the life cycle and attaining good growth and survival during the early developmental stages. These endeavours have been successful, with the first cohort of juveniles recently transferred to sea cages for grow-out. However, if the culture of striped trumpeter is to intensify, it will be important to have an understanding of how its immune system functions, so that when disease issues arise, they can be dealt with in a prompt and effective manner. To that end, the broad aims of this thesis were (1) to investigate the ontogeny of adaptive immune response at both the protein and mRNA level, (2) to investigate the inflammatory response in terms of the mRNA expression levels of three important proinflammatory cytokines and (3) to link the knowledge gained from the first two aims, and investigate the influence of a recombinant interleukin-6 (rIL-6) on the proinflammatory cytokine and immunoglobulin mRNA expression levels. The antibody molecule (IgM) was characterised with regard to its structure and ontogeny. It was discovered that the striped trumpeter possess IgM as a secreted tetramer, like that of other teleost species. IgM protein did not reach detectable levels until 225 dph using Western blot analysis, but transcripts of IgM mRNA were present at 5 dph via RT-PCR. As the appearance of mRNA transcripts was earlier than in other marine teleosts studied, the idea of maternally transferred IgM mRNA transcripts was investigated. Additionally, three important pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-a, IL- 113, and IL-8, were cloned and sequenced for the first time in this species. Their mRNA expression levels were compared between healthy and ectoparastized fish using quantitative real-time PCR. It was found that striped trumpeter are able to mount a strong inflammatory response at the site of parasite attachment and that a somewhat less defined response occurrs systemically. Finally, the pleiotropic cytokine, IL-6, was cloned and sequenced, and a recombinant protein generated. The recombinant protein was used to investigate the influence of IL-6 on both the inflammatory response and the Th2 pathway.
Can one identify non-equilibrium in a three-state system by analyzing two-state trajectories?
Creators: name: Amann, C. P.
name: Schmiedl, T.
name: Seifert, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a three-state Markov system in a stationary state, we discuss whether, on the basis of data obtained from effective two-state (or on-off) trajectories, it is possible to discriminate between an equilibrium state and a non-equilibrium steady state. By calculating the full phase diagram we identify a large region where such data will be consistent only with non-equilibrium conditions. This regime is considerably larger than the region with oscillatory relaxation, which has previously been identified as a sufficient criterion for non-equilibrium.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, J. Chem. Phys. (2010) (in press)
The (unfortunate) complexity of the economy
Creators: name: Bouchaud, Jean-Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article is a follow-up of a short essay that appeared in Nature 455, 1181 (2008) [arXiv:0810.5306]. It has become increasingly clear that the erratic dynamics of markets is mostly endogenous and not due to the rational processing of exogenous news. I elaborate on the idea that spin-glass type of problems, where the combination of competition and heterogeneities generically leads to long epochs of statis interrupted by crises and hyper-sensitivity to small changes of the environment, could be metaphors for the complexity of economic systems. I argue that the most valuable contribution of physics to economics might end up being of methodological nature, and that simple models from physics and agent based numerical simulations, although highly stylized, are more realistic than the traditional models of economics that assume rational agents with infinite foresight and infinite computing abilities.
Forced convection heat transfer from a cylinder in supercritical carbon dioxide
Creators: name: Green, John Richard
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Heat transfer rates have been measured for forced flow of supercritical carbon dioxide normal to a horizontal heated cylinder. The 0.006 inch diameter cylinder was held at various constant temperatures by a feed-back bridge circuit. Free convection results are also included. The effects of bulk fluid temperature, bulk fluid pressure, and surface temperature were studied for a range of bulk fluid temperature and pressure of from 0.8 to 1.4 times the critical temperature and pressure for several free stream velocities from zero to three feet per second. The temperature difference between the heated cylinder and the bulk fluid was varied from 1 deg F to 320 deg F. Flow fields of all data runs were observed. Still photographs and high speed movies have been taken at operating conditions of interest. In a supercritical fluid the heat transfer rate increases smoothly and monotonically with increasing temperature difference, increasing velocity, and increasing pressure. In fluid with the bulk temperature below the pseudo-critical temperature the heat transfer coefficient shows large peaks when the cylinder temperature is near the pseudocritical temperature. Peaks are largest when the bulk fluid pressure is near the critical pressure. The heat transfer coefficient decreases with increasing temperature difference when the bulk fluid temperature is above the pseudo-critical temperature. The heat transfer rate noteably increases with increasing pressure only when vapour-like fluid is in contact with the heated cylinder. Supercritical forced flow has been compared to forced flow boiling. The supercritical case does not exhibit the characteristic strong maxima in heat transfer rate shown in forced flow nucleate boiling. Heat transfer rates at larger temperature differences are very similar in forced flow film boiling and supercritical forced flow heat transfer. With this horizontal, constant temperature cylinder, no "bubble-like" or "boiling-like" mechanisms of heat transfer were observed in supercritical free or forced convection. The flow field and heat transfer rate in free convection were found to be very unstable and sensitive to small temperature disturbances in the bulk fluid.
Systemic Proper Motions of Milky Way Satellites from Stellar Redshifts: the Carina, Fornax, Sculptor and Sextans Dwarf Spheroidals
Creators: name: Walker, Matthew G.
name: Mateo, Mario
name: Olszewski, Edward W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transverse motions of nearby dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies contribute line-of-sight components that increase with angular distance from the dSph centers, inducing detectable gradients in stellar redshift. In the absence of an intrinsic velocity gradient (e.g., due to rotation or streaming), an observed gradient in the heliocentric rest frame (HRF) relates simply to a dSph's systemic proper motion (PM). Kinematic samples for the Milky Way's brightest dSph satellites are now sufficiently large that we can use stellar redshifts to constrain systemic PMs independently of astrometric data. Data from our Michigan/MIKE Fiber System (MMFS) Survey reveal significant HRF velocity gradients in Carina, Fornax and Sculptor, and no significant gradient in Sextans. Assuming there are no intrinsic gradients, the data provide a relatively tight constraint on the PM of Fornax, (mu_{alpha}^{HRF},mu_{delta}^{HRF})=(+48 +/- 15,-25 +/- 14) mas/century, that agrees with published HST astrometric measurements. Smaller data sets yield weaker constraints in the remaining galaxies, but our Carina measurement, (mu_{alpha}^{HRF},mu_{delta}^{HRF})=(+25 +/- 36,+16 +/- 43) mas/century, agrees with the published astrometric value. The disagreement of our Sculptor measurement, (mu_{alpha}^{HRF},mu_{delta}^{HRF})= (-40 +/- 29, -69 +/- 47) mas/century, with astrometric measurements is expected if Sculptor has a rotational component as reported by Battaglia et al. (2008). For Sextans, which at present lacks an astrometric measurement, we measure (mu_{alpha}^{HRF},mu_{delta}^{HRF})=(-26 +/- 41, +10 +/- 44) mas/century.
description: Accepted for Publication by ApJ Letters
CRISPR-Cas: The Cutting Edge of Genetic Breakthroughs
Creators: name: R. Akash1 1, N. Kalaiselvi1 and E. Suresh2
Publisher: name: the fish world a monthly magazine
Year: 2024

description: CRISPR-Cas, a groundbreaking technology in genetic engineering, has revolutionized the field by enabling precise, targeted modifications to DNA. Derived from bacterial immune defense mechanisms, CRISPR-Cas employs a guide RNA to direct the Cas protein to specific genomic sites, allowing for the accurate addition, deletion, or alteration of genes. This revolutionary tool has broad applications across medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. In medicine, it offers the potential to cure genetic disorders and advance personalized therapies. In agriculture, CRISPR-Cas is used to develop crops with improved resistance to diseases and environmental stresses. In biotechnology, it accelerates the creation of innovative industrial solutions. However, the technology also presents ethical and safety concerns, such as off-target effects and the implications of germline editing. Ongoing research and the establishment of comprehensive regulatory frameworks are essential to harness the full potential of CRISPR-Cas while ensuring its safe and ethical application.
Nematic, vector-multipole, and plateau-liquid states in the classical O(3) pyrochlore antiferromagnet with biquadratic interactions in applied magnetic field
Creators: name: Shannon, Nic
name: Penc, Karlo
name: Motome, Yukitoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The classical bilinear-biquadratic nearest-neighbor Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the pyrochlore lattice does not exhibit conventional Neel-type magnetic order at any temperature or magnetic field. Instead spin correlations decay algebraically over length scales r ~ \sqrt{T}, behavior characteristic of a Coulomb phase arising from a strong local constraint. Despite this, its thermodynamic properties remain largely unchanged if Neel order is restored by the addition of a degeneracy-lifting perturbation, e.g., further neighbor interactions. Here we show how these apparent contradictions can be resolved by a proper understanding of way in which long-range Neel order emerges out of well-formed local correlations, and identify nematic and vector-multipole orders hidden in the different Coulomb phases of the model. So far as experiment is concerned, our results suggest that where long range interactions are unimportant, the magnetic properties of Cr spinels which exhibit half-magnetization plateaux may be largely independent of the type of magnetic order present.
description: 27 pages latex, 25 eps figures
Entangled Quantum Key Distribution with a Biased Basis Choice
Creators: name: Erven, C.
name: Ma, X.
name: Laflamme, R.
name: Weihs, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme which utilizes a biased basis choice in order to increase the efficiency of the scheme. The optimal bias between the two measurement bases, a more refined error analysis, and finite key size effects are all studied in order to assure the security of the final key generated with the system. We then implement the scheme in a local entangled QKD system that uses polarization entangled photon pairs to securely distribute the key. A 50/50 non-polarizing beamsplitter with different optical attenuators is used to simulate a variable beamsplitter in order to allow us to study the operation of the system for different biases. Over 6 hours of continuous operation with a total bias of 0.9837/0.0163 (Z/X), we were able to generate 0.4567 secure key bits per raw key bit as compared to 0.2550 secure key bits per raw key bit for the unbiased case. This represents an increase in the efficiency of the key generation rate by 79%.
description: v2: Revised paper based on referee reports, Theory section was revised (primarily regarding finite key effects), Results section almost completely rewritten with more experimental data. 16 pages, 5 figures. v1: 14 pages, 6 figures, higher resolution figures will be available in the published article
Poverty in Nepal: A Causal Analysis
Creators: name: Bhusal, Manoj
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Poverty
Poverty and Inequality
Nepal
Poverty in Nepal
Sustainable Development
Poverty Alleviation
Poverty alleviation strategies
Globalisation and Development
Poverty analysis

description: This short essay discusses the issue of poverty in Nepal. Despite a number of poverty-reduction programs run by a myriad of actors, poverty in Nepal is still rampant, and the country remains one of the poorest countries in the world. In this essay, I argue that many poverty alleviation programs in Nepal failed because they isolated poverty as an economic and growth problem, whereas, poverty should have been identified and tackled as a political and a human rights issue. I begin the essay by briefly sharing my own experience of poverty while growing up in rural Nepal. I, then, explore the overall poverty scenario in Nepal and analyze a few major causes and consequences of poverty in the country. After offering an overview of poverty reduction approaches in Nepal, I conclude the essay with a few recommendations intended for organizations and policymakers formulating poverty-alleviation strategies in Nepal.
A computer visual-input system for the automatic recognition of blood cells
Creators: name: Cossalter, John George
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A computer visual-input system was built for the purpose of studying the classification of leukocytes. It consisted of an image dissector camera interfaced directly to a D.E.C. PDP-9 computer; a display of the image field was also provided, using a monitoring scope. The design and hardware arrangement of the system is briefly described, while detailed diagrams of the logic networks are shown in Appendix II. Photomicrographs of neutrophils were used as a pattern set, in a study of the computer classification of cell age and lobularity. Clustering of feature vectors was noted in a two-dimensional measurement space showing that metamyelocyte, banded and segmented cells can be distinguished. A square contour-trace of the neutrophil nuclei was performed and an area operator pre-processed the shape of a nucleus into a curvature function. Peaks in this curvature function, a measure of lobularity, as well as the ratio of the perimeter to square root of nuclear area, a measure of the irregularity in the nuclear boundary, were used as orientation and size-independent features. The area operator was found to be unsuitable for extracting curvature from leukocyte images. In cases of extreme nuclear curvature and nuclear filamentation, the basic formulations of the operator were violated giving an erroneous measure of curvature. The general form of the frequency spectrum of the video signal from the image dissector camera was derived. The signal bandwidth requirements and the camera resolution were found experimentally.
On the birthrates of Galactic neutron stars
Creators: name: Keane, E. F.
name: Kramer, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In light of the recently discovered neutron star populations we discuss the various estimates for the birthrates of these populations. We revisit the question as to whether the Galactic supernova rate can account for all of the known groups of isolated neutron stars. After reviewing the rates and population estimates we find that, if the estimates are in fact accurate, the current birthrate and population estimates are not consistent with the Galactic supernova rate. We discuss possible solutions to this problem including whether or not some of the birthrates are hugely over-estimated. We also consider a possible evolutionary scenario between some of the known neutron star classes which could solve this potential birthrate problem.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS, 9 pages, 3 figures
Can extreme Arctic climate change be avoided with cost effective mitigation?
Creators: name: Williams, Dee
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Can extreme Arctic climate change be avoided with cost effective mitigation?
Bose systems in spatially random or time-varying potentials
Creators: name: Yukalov, V. I.
name: Yukalova, E. P.
name: Bagnato, V. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bose systems, subject to the action of external random potentials, are considered. For describing the system properties, under the action of spatially random potentials of arbitrary strength, the stochastic mean-field approximation is employed. When the strength of disorder increases, the extended Bose-Einstein condensate fragments into spatially disconnected regions, forming a granular condensate. Increasing the strength of disorder even more transforms the granular condensate into the normal glass. The influence of time-dependent external potentials is also discussed. Fast varying temporal potentials, to some extent, imitate the action of spatially random potentials. In particular, strong time-alternating potential can induce the appearance of a nonequilibrium granular condensate.
description: latex file, 26 pages, 1 figure
A study of some Tasmanian Oniscoidea (Crustacea, Isopoda)
Creators: name: Green, AJA
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The occurrence in Tasmania of seven of the eight species previously recorded is confirmed. It is recognized that Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille) has been recorded under a synonym. Six known species, Styloniscus thomsoni (Chilton), St. phormianus (Chilton), Notoniscus australis (Chilton), Deto marina (Chilton), Actaecia pallida Nicholls & Barnes, and Eluma caelatum (Miers), are recorded from Tasmania for the first time. Additional information on the known species is given. The position of Ligia australiensis Dana is clarified. Chiltonella tasmanica (Chilton) is is transferred to Notoniscus Chilton. Ten new species are established; one of these includes specimens which formerly have been wrongly assigned to Oniscus punctatus Thomson. The position of the following genera; Styloniscus Dana, Notoniscus Chilton, Chiltonella Vandel, Plymophiloscia Wahrberg, Cubaris Brandt, ss after Verhoeff, and Sphaerillo Verhoeff is reviewed.
Multiband Superconductivity in Spin Density Wave Metals
Creators: name: Ismer, J. -P.
name: Eremin, Ilya
name: Rossi, Enrico
name: Morr, Dirk K.
name: Blumberg, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the emergence of multiband superconductivity with $s$- and $d-$wave symmetry on the background of spin density wave (SDW). We show that the SDW coherence factors renormalize the momentum dependence of the superconducting (SC) gap, yielding a SC state with an \emph{unconventional} s-wave symmetry. Interband Cooper pair scattering stabilizes superconductivity in both symmetries. With increasing SDW order, the s-wave state is more strongly suppressed than the d-wave state. Our results are universally applicable to two-dimensional systems with a commensurate SDW.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Certain automorphisms of free rank planes
Creators: name: Kelly, Graham S
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Projective planes of finite free rank are planes freely generated by openly finite configurations (see Hughes and Piper, 1972, Chapter XI). We use the concept of a hyperfree extension process to obtain some properties of the finite collineation groups and polarities of such planes. We first obtain some basic properties of projective planes, free completions, hyperfree extension processes and free rank planes, together with some properties useful for our investigation. The main work of the thesis is concerned with finite collineation groups which fix elementwise the confined core of a plane of finite free rank. Most of the known properties of such groups are obtained, as well as some which, as far as is known to the author, have not previously been obtained. If G is such a group, we determine I G | when G is cyclic~ we obtain upper bounds for both I G | and the number of conjugacy classes to which G can belong, and we investigate the subplane of elements fixed by G. As our basic tool, we use the existence of a hyperfree completion process Q for the plane from its confined core, such that each configuration of Q is invariant under G. We then use similar methods to prove most known results about polarities of planes of finite free rank. Finally, we consider planes not having free rank, such as open, non-free planes. We give a generalization of a theorem of Kopejkina and use it to prove a theorem about some collineation groups of such planes.