Verbascum parsana Sotoodeh, Attar &amp; Civeyrel 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Sotoodeh, Arash
name: Attar, Farideh
name: Civeyrel, Laure
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Scrophulariaceae
Verbascum
Verbascum parsana

description: <i>Verbascum parsana</i> Sotoodeh, Attar &amp; Civeyrel, sp. nov. (Fig. 1) <i>Planta verosimilter biennis, indumento cinereo e pilis stellato-ramosis, glandulosa.Folia basalia oblonga-elliptica,margine crenata,petiolata; caulina basalibus conformia sed minora, non decurrentia.Inflorescentia paniculatoramosa; bracteae lineares-acuminatae; pedicellus usque 8 mm longus; calyx 4-6 mm longus; corolla lutea, 15 mm diam., extus stellato-glandulosa; stamina 5; filamenta dense villoso-velutina violacea; filamenta antica apice nuda; stigma. Capsula elliptica, obtus, 5-7 mm longa, stellato-glandulosa.</i> TYPUS. — <b>Iran</b>. Gilan, Asalem to Khalkhal (Asbdavani), 1876 m, 37°37’4.68”N, 48°46’2”E, 12.VIII.2004, <i>Moazzeni &amp; Keshvari 34941</i> (holo-, TUH!; iso-, P [P04022112]). HABITAT AND ECOLOGY. — <i>Verbascum parsana</i> sp. nov. is known only from the type specimen and one locality (type location) in north of Iran (Fig. 2). Based on present study it is a narrow endemic taxon. The new species grows on porous and soft sandy-clay soils at elevation of 1876 m in transition zone out of forest. ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet is to honor Dr Ahmad Parsa (1907- 1997), the first Iranian botanist who produced important concepts for flora of Iran. OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — <i>Verbascum hervieri</i> Degen., Spain: Le Pozo, 1500 m, 1905, <i>Elisée Reverchon 1375</i> (P[P03803835, P03803836, P03803837, P03803838], images!). <i>Verbascum microcarpum</i> Benth., Mesopotamia: 1837, <i>Aucher-Eloy 2458</i> (P[P03287023], image!). <i>Verbascum punalense</i> Boiss. &amp; Buhse, Iran: Tonekabon, 1085 m, 2012, <i>Arash Sotoodeh 43467</i> (TUH!); Tonekabon, 250 m, 2012, <i>Arash Sotoodeh 43464</i> (TUH!); Gilan, 1893, <i>Punal Buhse – no number</i> (K!); Mazandaran, Kujur, 1800 m, 1948, <i>Rechinger 6543</i> (BM!). <i>Verbascum shahsavarensis</i> Sotoodeh, Attar &amp; Civeyrel, Iran: Tonekabon (Shahsavar), road of Sehezar, 36°27’59”N, 50°51’13”E, 1570 m, 30.VI.2014, <i>Arash Sotoodeh et al. AS 29</i> (holo-, TUH!; iso-, P[P04021689]!, K). <i>Verbascum siculum</i> Tod. Ex Lojac., Italy: Bosco Bauli Siracusa, 1976, <i>Brullo 057058</i> (CAT, image!). <i>Verbascum spectabile</i> M. Bieb., Turkey: Giresum-Susehri, 1700 m, 1977, <i>Max Nydegger 12948</i> (P[P03836032], image!); Tauria, 1875, <i>no number</i> (P[P03416378, P03416379], image!). <i>Verbascum subnivale</i> Boiss. &amp; Hausskn. ex Boiss., Turkey: Montis Berytdagh, 9000 ped, 1865, <i>Haussknecht – no number</i> (iso-, JE[JE00007237], P[P03287723], image!) <i>Verbascum virgatum</i> Stokes, India: Nilgiri, 1885, <i>Beddome 5631</i> (BM!). — <b>France</b>. Rennes, <i>Legris</i> (P[P00700061], image!); Cognacle-Froid, 7.VIII.1954, <i>H.Bouby 3190</i> (P[P00687503], image!). — Spain. Huelva Galarosa, 28.V.1931, <i>E. Gros</i> (P[P03986576], image!). <i>Verbascum wiedemannianum</i> Fisch. &amp; C.A.May:—Turkey. Karasar- Gecidi, 1650 m, 6.VI.1987, <i>Nydegger 42651</i> (P [P03807346], image!); Merzifoun, 1891/92, <i>Manissadjian 182</i> (P [P03287104, P03287105], images!); Paphlagonia, Wilajet KastambuliTossia Seke, <i>Sintenis 4010</i> (P [P03287101, P03287103, P03287106], images!); Arac-Kastamonu, 1985, <i>Norman 7</i> (K!); SE of Bayburt, 1150m, 1965, <i>Mathew &amp; Tomlinson 4340</i> (K!); Keyseri-Bonyan, 1954, <i>Davis 21793</i> (K!). DESCRIPTION Plant, probably biennial, covered by sparse gray stellate and glandular hairs on basal parts and mostly glandular on 34941 AS 29 34941 10663 43465 29 AS 34941 10663 43465 A 43467 . <i>parsana</i> <i>V</i> <i>shahsavarensis punalense. V V punalense. punalense V. shahsavarensis parsana. V V. punalense. V punalense V punalense.</i> <i>..</i> <i>V V</i> inflorescence region. Stem up to 60 cm long, terete. Basal leaves oblong-elliptic, semi-crenate at margin, with up to 5 cm long petiole, tapering toward apex, 5-8 × 2-3 cm; cauline leaves are similar to basal ones but smaller, not decurrent. Inflorescence paniculiform, lax; flowers single at the axil of each bract; bracts linear-acuminate; bracteoles absent; pedicel up to 8 mm long (Fig. 1B, C), covered with stellate and glandular hairs; calyx 4-6 mm long, divided, with elliptic segments (Fig. 1B, C); corolla yellow, 15 mm in diam (Fig. 1D), densely stellate and glandular hairy outside; stamens 5; hairs of filaments violet; 2 anterior stamens naked from the top to ¾ (blue arrows Fig. 1E), only the last quarter of the filaments close to the corolla hairy (Fig. 1E); anthers reniform, 4-5 mm long; stigma 4-5 mm (Fig. 1D). Capsule elliptic-obtuse, 5-7 mm long, covered with dense stellate and glandular hairs (Fig. 1C). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The new species described as <i>V. parsana</i> sp. nov. has a combination of characters that is uncommon within the genus <i>Verbascum</i>. Only a few species have both stellate and glandular hairs together such as <i>V. punalense</i> and <i>V. sinuatum</i> L. var. <i>adenosepalum</i> Murb.. If we consider the combination of characteristics: ebracteolate and single flowers, violet hairs on filaments, pedicel size between 3 to 10 mm and stellateglandular indumentum, the new species is closely related to <i>V. punalense</i> but cannot be mistaken with it because it has no decurrent anthers, the basal leaves are narrow, the corolla is smaller, its calyx lobes are acute and have sparse glandular-stellate hairs (Table 1). Based on Murbeck (1933), the new species belongs to the subsection II, Singuliflora, and to the group ebracteolata. Seven species have been described in this section. But they all differ from <i>V. parsana</i> sp. nov. There is no species looking like this new species in any of the recent floras published since then (Ferguson 1972; Feinbrun-Dothan 1978; Huber-Morath 1978; Huber- Morath 1981; Fedtschenko 1997; Ibn Tattou 2007; Benedi 2009; Sharifnia 2011). The phylogenetic dendrograms constructed using distance method on molecular data and on morphological data, confirm the difference of our new species with <i>V. punalense</i> and <i>V. shahsavarensis</i> on both analyses (Fig. 3).
description: Published as part of <i>Sotoodeh, Arash, Attar, Farideh &amp; Civeyrel, Laure, 2016, A new species of Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) from the Gilan province (Iran), based on morphological and molecular evidences, pp. 127-132 in Adansonia 38 (1)</i> on pages 128-130, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5153883
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