cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multiplicity and Pseudorapidity Distributions of Charged Particles and Photons at Forward Pseudorapidity in Au + Au Collisions at sqrt{s_NN} = 62.4 GeV
Creators: name: STAR Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the centrality dependent measurement of multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles and photons in Au + Au collisions at sqrt{s_NN} = 62.4 GeV. The charged particles and photons are measured in the pseudorapidity region 2.9 < eta < 3.9 and 2.3 < eta < 3.7, respectively. We have studied the scaling of particle production with the number of participating nucleons and the number of binary collisions. The photon and charged particle production in the measured pseudorapidity range has been shown to be consistent with energy independent limiting fragmentation behavior. The photons are observed to follow a centrality independent limiting fragmentation behavior while for the charged particles it is centrality dependent. We have carried out a comparative study of the pseudorapidity distributions of positively charged hadrons, negatively charged hadrons, photons, pions, net protons in nucleus--nucleus collisions and pseudorapidity distributions from p+p collisions. From these comparisons we conclude that baryons in the inclusive charged particle distribution are responsible for the observed centrality dependence of limiting fragmentation. The mesons are found to follow an energy independent behavior of limiting fragmentation while the behavior of baryons seems to be energy dependent.
description: 17 pages and 20 figures
Metaplectic geometrical optics for modeling caustics in uniform and nonuniform media
Creators: name: Lopez, N. A.
name: Dodin, I. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As an approximate theory that is highly regarded for its computational efficiency, geometrical optics (GO) is widely used for modeling waves in various areas of physics. However, GO fails at caustics, which significantly limits its applicability. A new framework, called metaplectic geometrical optics (MGO), has recently been developed that allows caustics of certain types to be modeled accurately within the GO framework. Here, we extend MGO to the most general case. To illustrate our new theory, we also apply it to several sample problems, including calculations of two-dimensional wavefields near fold and cusp caustics. In contrast with traditional-GO solutions, the corresponding MGO solutions are finite everywhere and approximate well the true wavefield near these caustics.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, 3 appendices. Complete derivations in supplementary pdf
Discussion on Skid Resistance of Pavement Surfaces
Creators: name: Rizenbergs, Rolands L.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1968
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The concern for adequate skid resistance or friction of pavement surfaces is confined to wet weather conditions. Dry pavements are highly skid resistant unless the surface contains loose material, such as gravel, sand, etc., which could provide rolling action by the particles under the tires. Surface contaminates, such as oil, soft tars and asphalt, etc., could also provide lubrication to the surface and create a slippery condition. Normally, however, water is the lubricating agent reducing pavement friction and in some cases creating very hazardous driving conditions. Another situation of concern is drainage, or lack of proper drainage, of the pavement. Excessive water depth may cause the vehicle tires to hydroplane, i.e., the tires may become separated from the surface and ride partially or entirely on a water layer, thus causing loss of traction. Both of these conditions will be discussed in detail.
A REVIEW OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL LITERATURE ON RISK PERCEPTION IN TERMS OF CHANCE, HARM, AND CONTEXT
Creators: name: Decker, Bill D.
name: Decker, Bill D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: This review examines the psychological literature on risk perception in terms of van Ravenswaay's proposal of a broad-based definition of risk perception that includes the three concepts of chance, harm, and context. The review further investigates the manner in which psychological researchers attempt to measure risk perception. It is suggested that the majority of psychological research on risk perception does not address van Ravenswaay's concepts in a comprehensive manner. This review of the psychological literature reveals that elements of van Ravenswaay's concepts are often employed as variables by psychological researchers, although not in a fashion similar to that suggested by van Ravenswaay. It is proposed that van Ravenswaay's definition of risk perception would go far toward alleviating much of the difficulty in interpreting and comparing studies from competing disciplines. It is also proposed that the literature reveals serious implications concerning economists's risk perception proxies.
REITS: Reflective Surface for Intelligent Transportation Systems
Creators: name: Li, Zhuqi
name: Wu, Can
name: Wagner, Sigurd
name: Sturm, James C.
name: Verma, Naveen
name: Jamieson, Kyle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Autonomous vehicles are predicted to dominate the transportation industry in the foreseeable future. Safety is one of the major challenges to the early deployment of self-driving systems. To ensure safety, self-driving vehicles must sense and detect humans, other vehicles, and road infrastructure accurately, robustly, and timely. However, existing sensing techniques used by self-driving vehicles may not be absolutely reliable. In this paper, we design REITS, a system to improve the reliability of RF-based sensing modules for autonomous vehicles. We conduct theoretical analysis on possible failures of existing RF-based sensing systems. Based on the analysis, REITS adopts a multi-antenna design, which enables constructive blind beamforming to return an enhanced radar signal in the incident direction. REITS can also let the existing radar system sense identification information by switching between constructive beamforming state and destructive beamforming state. Preliminary results show that REITS improves the detection distance of a self-driving car radar by a factor of 3.63.
THE BEAN SUBSECTOR IN MALAWI: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS, CURRENT STATUS, AND POLICY ISSUES
Creators: name: Kambewa, Patrick Sawasawa
name: Kambewa, Patrick Sawasawa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Legumes are a major important source of protein in Malawi where animal protein is scarce and expensive. Among the legumes, beans are a major crop. A subsector study was conducted to examine the vertical set of activities from production, through distribution to consumption. The study revealed that generally smallholder farmers do not use inputs such as fertilizer or pesticides unlike in other crops, the Government does not provide credit for the inputs in beans. The majority of the farmers face seed shortage as a major constraint. While beans are generally grown for consumption and for sale, farmers differ the extent to which they rely on beans for sale. Generally, farmers in the areas without any lucrative crop and near urban areas will rely on beans as a major cash crop. The majority of the consumers rely on the market for getting beans. What influences marketing forces is poorly understood as not much research has been conducted to understand consumer behavior. Whereas earlier research was less market driven and concentrated on selecting on high performing lines, in recent years, there is an attempt to understand the market forces driving the seed sub-sector as well as understanding the farmers' seed technology issues. Central in these efforts will be to understand the role of institutions in improving the performance of the sub-sector.
Solar Flare Hard X-ray Spectra Possibly Inconsistent with the Collisional Thick Target Model
Creators: name: Kontar, Eduard P.
name: Brown, John C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent progress in solar Hard X-ray (HXR) observations with RHESSI data and methods for spectral inversion allow us to study model-independent mean electron flux spectra in solar flares. We report several hard X-ray events observed by RHESSI in which the photon spectra $I(ε)$ are such that the inferred source mean electron spectra are not consistent with the standard model of collisional transport in solar flares. The observed photon spectra are so flat locally that the recovered mean electron flux spectra show a dip around 17-31 keV. While we note that alternative explanations, unrelated to electron transport, have not been ruled out, we focus on the physical implications of this tentative result for the collisional thick-target model.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Advances in Space Research
AN ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL LEVERAGE FOR SELECTED MICHIGAN FARM TYPES
Creators: name: Manley, James W.
name: Manley, James W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: Price variability for agricultural products in the 1970's has been increased greatly by drastic reductions in reserves, changing government programs for numerous domestic commodities, unstable foreign demand, and devaluation of the dollar. This riskier market environment has created management problems, at least for those managers with highly financially leveraged operations. There is a need to evaluate the effects of financial leverage in an environment wrought with market risks. This study answers for three typical Michigan farm types the following questions: 1) How do different financial leverage rations affect profitability, equity, and the ability to service debts? and 2) Can prudent hedging on the commodity futures market effectively reduce the risk inherent in the use of financial leverage?
Global phase diagrams of binary dipolar fluid mixtures
Creators: name: Szalai, I.
name: Dietrich, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a modified mean-field density functional theory to determine the phase behavior of binary mixtures of Stockmayer fluids whose spherical constituents interact according to Lennard-Jones (LJ) pair potentials with embedded pointlike dipole moments. On the basis of systematic numerical calculations we construct the global phase diagrams of these systems in the three-dimensional thermodynamic space of temperature, pressure, and chemical potential difference of the two components. The vapor-liquid, isotropic liquid - isotropic liquid, isotropic liquid - ferromagnetic liquid, and ferromagnetic liquid - ferromagnetic liquid first-order phase separations are investigated. The loci of the second-order isotropic fluid - ferromagnetic fluid transition are calculated from Landau theory. Liquid-vapor and liquid-liquid critical lines, tricritical lines, triple lines, and lines of critical end points of the binary Stockmayer mixtures are also determined. We discuss how the topology of the phase diagrams change upon varying the strengths of the two dipole moments of the two species as well as their sizes.
description: 23 pages including 20 figures
Discovery of a 500 pc shell in the nucleus of Centaurus A
Creators: name: Quillen, Alice C.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
name: Brookes, Mairi H.
name: Werner, Michael W.
name: Smith, J. D.
name: Stern, Daniel
name: Keene, Jocelyn
name: Lawrence, Charles R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spitzer Space Telescope mid-infrared images of the radio galaxy Centaurus A reveal a shell-like, bipolar, structure 500 pc to the north and south of the nucleus. This shell is seen in 5.8, 8.0 and 24 micron broad-band images. Such a remarkable shell has not been previously detected in a radio galaxy and is the first extragalactic nuclear shell detected at mid-infrared wavelengths. We estimate that the shell is a few million years old and has a mass of order million solar masses. A conservative estimate for the mechanical energy in the wind driven bubble is 10^53 erg. The shell could have created by a small few thousand solar mass nuclear burst of star formation. Alternatively, the bolometric luminosity of the active nucleus is sufficiently large that it could power the shell. Constraints on the shell's velocity are lacking. However, if the shell is moving at 1000 km/s then the required mechanical energy would be 100 times larger.
description: submitted to ApJ Letters
AN ANALYSIS OF INSTITUTIONAL MODIFICATIONS FOR EFFECTIVE FARMER CREDIT IN CEYLON
Creators: name: Samuel, S.N.
name: Samuel, S.N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: A primary objective of the Agricultural Credit Scheme of 1967 was to accelerate the pace of economic development. Economic development was to be promoted by the credit scheme's expected contribution towards increasing agricultural output and incomes. Agriculture occupies a dominant position in the Ceylon economy, with the rural sector containing over 50 percent of the population. An increase in agricultural output would have an overall effect on per capita incomes and national welfare. The dominance of the agricultural sector makes the interplay between development means and development objective important in that sector. Hence, there appears to be wide scope for raising gross national product through agricultural development. Increasing agricultural production is a problem of investment requiring cash capital for the purchasing of inputs. The importance of purchased inputs in modern agriculture is exemplified by the fact that in Japan, where output per acre is eight times that of India, the expenditures on purchased inputs are ten times as great per acre of land than in India. Credit is a device by which cash capital is provided to farmers. It may be defined as a temporary transfer of purchasing power from an individual or institutions to farmers. Due to the important facilitating role that a credit program can play in a development context, it is important that the credit scheme of 1967 be both technically efficient and effective. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors causing the limited success of the scheme of 1967 and to propose alternative modifications for credit to farmers in Ceylon.
Strongly nonlocal unextendible product bases do exist
Creators: name: Shi, Fei
name: Li, Mao-Sheng
name: Hu, Mengyao
name: Chen, Lin
name: Yung, Man-Hong
name: Wang, Yan-Ling
name: Zhang, Xiande
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A set of multipartite orthogonal product states is locally irreducible, if it is not possible to eliminate one or more states from the set by orthogonality-preserving local measurements. An effective way to prove that a set is locally irreducible is to show that only trivial orthogonality-preserving local measurement can be performed to this set. In general, it is difficult to show that such an orthogonality-preserving local measurement must be trivial. In this work, we develop two basic techniques to deal with this problem. Using these techniques, we successfully show the existence of unextendible product bases (UPBs) that are locally irreducible in every bipartition in $d\otimes d\otimes d$ for any $d\geq 3$, and $3\otimes3\otimes 3$ achieves the minimum dimension for the existence of such UPBs. These UPBs exhibit the phenomenon of strong quantum nonlocality without entanglement. Our result solves an open question given by Halder \emph{et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{122}, 040403 (2019)] and Yuan \emph{et al.} [Phys. Rev. A \textbf{102}, 042228 (2020)]. It also sheds new light on the connections between UPBs and strong quantum nonlocality.
Kamimuria chungnanshana Wu 1938
Creators: name: Sun, Hai-Tao
name: Du, Yu-Zhou
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Kamimuria
Kamimuria chungnanshana

description: Kamimuria chungnanshana Wu, 1938
Figures 5–7
 Kamimuria chungnanshana Wu, 1938, 197; Claassen, 1940: 122; Zwick, 1977: 116; Du, 1999: 60; Sivec & Stark, 2008: 137. Perla chungnanshana (Wu), Illies, 1966: 288.
 Type material (lost). Holotype, male, China: Shannxi province, Chungnanshan.
 Examined specimens. 1 male, Shannxi province, Ningshan county, Huoditang forest farm, 5 June 1998, Leg. Du Yu-Zhou; 1 male, Shannxi province, Ningshan county, Huoditang, 22 July 1980, Leg. Unknown (a gift from Northwest A & F University); 1male, Gansu province, Tianshui city, Maiji district, Dangchuan village, 4 August 2009, 1800 m, Leg. Unknown.
 5 9 Male. Forewing length 23 mm. Presternum of metathorax with a brown hair brush. Hemiterga slender, fingerlike, the tips of which rounded and nearly reaching to the posterior margin of the tergum 9; a few sensilla basiconica present on apical venter. Tergum 9 with a large mesal field of sensilla basiconica; tergum 8 with a mesal patch of sensilla basiconica (Fig. 6); tergum 7 with a few scattered sensilla basiconica. Hair brushes present on abdominal sterna 4–7. Aedeagus membranous and slightly curved ventrad from midlength; tube with a small triangular, weak sclerite at apical venter. Sac consists of minute to small triangular spines covered nearly half of sac surface, but apical venter bare and dorsum with a large, nearly triangular bare area; apical venter bearing a small bare lobe (Fig. 7).
 Remarks. The holotype was lost because of the war (Wu, 1962). Because of this Sivec and Stark (2008) listed K. chungnanshan as nomen dubium. Fortunately, Du collected the specimen of K. chungnanshana from Ningshan county, Huoditang tree farm nearby the type locality Chungnanshan of this species. The specimen is in close agreement with Wu’ description, particularly in his reference to the presence of “tergites 7–9 each with a group of papillae (sensilla basiconica) in the middle” and “the (hemitergal) tips of which rounded”. The redescription and illustration of this Du male will help other researchers confidently identify this species in the future. This, and the rest of the Du specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of Yangzhou University now.
description: Published as part of Sun, Hai-Tao & Du, Yu-Zhou, 2012, Two new species of the genus Kamimuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from China, with redescription of Kamimuria cheni Wu and Kamimuria Chungnanshana Wu, pp. 61-68 in Zootaxa 3455 on pages 63-65, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210213
Equation of state from lattice QCD
Creators: name: Katz, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent results on the equation of state from lattice QCD are reviewed. The lattice technique and previous results are shortly discussed. New results for physical quark masses and two sets of lattice spacings are presented. The pressure, energy density, entropy density, speed of sound and quark number susceptibilities are determined.
description: 10 pages, 11figures. Plenary talk presented at the Quark Matter 2005 conference
The Supply Chain for Asian Vegetable Retailers: A Case Study of Michigan
Creators: name: Gautam, Shriniwas
name: Gautam, Shriniwas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The demand for fresh vegetables including specialty vegetables such as Asian vegetables is increasing in the US. In addition to broad-line food retailers Asian grocery stores and restaurants cater to this demand. However, the supply chain for these Asian vegetable retailers has not yet been documented while supply chain research has focused on the broad-line vegetable retailers. This study traces the supply chain of the Asian vegetable retailers, both groceries and restaurants, based on a case study of Michigan. It also analyzes the potential to grow vegetables in Michigan that are common to the supply chain of Asian vegetable retailer's in Michigan and evaluates the potential of Michigan produced vegetables to access the supply chain. This study shows that the Asian grocery stores cater to a niche market that relies heavily on Asian customers. These Asian customers demand Asian specialty vegetables that are not common to broad-line grocery retailers and thus have a supply chain that is distinctive with ethnic ties. The variables such as ethnic presence, predominance of exotic Asian varieties and Asian customers, limited use of technology, fragmented businesses selling limited produce items and limited value addition make the supply chain distinctive. The study findings indicate that Michigan has potential to grow some general vegetables and limited Asian vegetables which gives Michigan producers a limited potential access to the supply chain of Asian vegetable retailers.
NUTRITION AND CONSUMPTION LEVELS IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: THE CASE OF MILK IN CALI, COLOMBIA
Creators: name: Fong, Nancy J.
name: Fong, Nancy J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The primary purpose of this study is to explore the relations between the consumption of milk by different income groups in Cali, Colombia. The specific objectives are: (1) To estimate the nutritional level of present diets for four income groups; (2) To determine factors which influence the consumption of milk; and (3) To explore food supplements as a way of increasing nutritional levels.
Siegert pseudostate perturbation theory: one- and two-threshold cases
Creators: name: Toyota, Koudai
name: Morishita, Toru
name: Watanabe, Shinichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Perturbation theory for the Siegert pseudostates (SPS) [Phys.Rev.A 58, 2077 (1998) and Phys.Rev.A 67, 032714 (2003)] is studied for the case of two energetically separated thresholds. The perturbation formulas for the one-threshold case are derived as a limiting case whereby we reconstruct More's theory for the decaying states [Phys.Rev.A 3,1217(1971)] and amend an error. The perturbation formulas for the two-threshold case have additional terms due to the non-standard orthogonality relationship of the Siegert Pseudostates. We apply the theory to a 2-channel model problem, and find the rate of convergence of the perturbation expansion should be examined with the aide of the variance $D= ||E-\sum_{n}λ^n E^{(n)}||$ instead of the real and imaginary parts of the perturbation energy individually.
Spin 1/2 Fermions in the Unitary Regime: A Superfluid of a New Type
Creators: name: Bulgac, Aurel
name: Drut, Joaquin E.
name: Magierski, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied, in a fully non-perturbative calculation, a dilute system of spin 1/2 interacting fermions, characterized by an infinite scattering length at finite temperatures. Various thermodynamic properties and the condensate fraction were calculated and we have also determined the critical temperature for the superfluid-normal phase transition in this regime. The thermodynamic behavior appears as a rather surprising and unexpected melange of fermionic and bosonic features. The thermal response of a spin 1/2 fermion at the BCS-BEC crossover should be classified as that of a new type of superfluid.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, published version
THE SOYBEAN SUBSECTOR IN ECUADOR: AN ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE AND GOVERNMENT POLICY
Creators: name: Whittenberg, Thomas E.
name: Whittenberg, Thomas E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries

description: The primary purpose of this analysis is to provide government officials in Ecuador with information on the soybean subsector. Toward this end, this paper describes and analyzes the economic system which encompasses the flow of soybeans and soybean products from producer to consumer. Particular attention is given to the interaction between industry structure, the conduct of private sector participants and existing government policy. Also, weaknesses in existing government policy are identified and alternate policy approaches are explored. Two methodologies, the subsector studies approach and the structure-conduct-performance paradigm, were employed to guide and organize the research and analysis. Also, a simple technique based on the opportunity cost concept was employed to examine the costs to the consumers of soybeans and soybean products of existing government policy.
Flavor Diagonal and Off-Diagonal Susceptibilities in a Quasiparticle Model of the Quark-Gluon Plasma
Creators: name: Bluhm, M.
name: Kampfer, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Taylor coefficients of flavor diagonal and off-diagonal susceptibilities as well as baryon number, isovector and electric charge susceptibilities are considered within a phenomenological quasiparticle model of the quark-gluon plasma and successfully compared with lattice QCD data for two degenerate quark flavors. These susceptibility coefficients represent sensible probes of baryon density effects in the equation of state. The baryon charge is carried, in our model, by quark-quasiparticle excitations for hard momenta.
description: Jan 2008. 25 pp
Heterojunctions of halogen-doped carbon nitride nanosheets and BiOI for sunlight-driven water-splitting
Creators: name: Kumar, Pawan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60805 Animal Neurobiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cheminformatics
subject: 30602 Chemical Thermodynamics and Energetics
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 30404 Cheminformatics and Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships
subject: 30603 Colloid and Surface Chemistry
subject: 30604 Electrochemistry

description: A fluorine-doped, chlorine-intercalated carbon nitride (CNF-Cl) photocatalyst has been synthesized for simultaneous improvements in light harvesting capability along with suppression of charge recombination in bulk g-C3N4. The formation of heterojunctions of these CNF-Cl nanosheets with low bandgap, earth abundant bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) was achieved, and the synthesized heterojunctions were tested as active photoanodes in photoelectrochemical water splitting experiments. BiOI/CNF-Cl heterojunctions exhibited extended light harvesting with a band-edge of 680 nm and generated photocurrent densities approaching 1.3 mA cm−2 under AM1.5 G one sun illumination.
Semi-classical BMS-blocks from the Oscillator Construction
Creators: name: Ammon, Martin
name: Gray, Seán
name: Moran, Claire
name: Pannier, Michel
name: Wölfl, Katharina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flat-space holography requires a thorough understanding of BMS symmetry. We introduce an oscillator construction of the highest-weight representation of the $\mathfrak{bms}_3$ algebra and show that it is consistent with known results concerning the $\mathfrak{bms}_3$ module. We take advantage of this framework to prove that $\mathfrak{bms}_3$-blocks exponentiate in the semi-classical limit, where one of the central charges is large. Within this context, we compute perturbatively heavy, and heavy-light vacuum $\mathfrak{bms}_3$-blocks.
description: 26 + 17 pages; v2: Minor improvements, references added, matches published version
Fermi Surface and Anisotropic Spin-Orbit Coupling of Sb(111) studied by Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Sugawara, K.
name: Sato, T.
name: Souma, S.
name: Takahashi, T.
name: Arai, M.
name: Sasaki, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy has been performed on Sb(111) to elucidate the origin of anomalous electronic properties in group-V semimetal surfaces. The surface was found to be metallic despite the semimetallic character of bulk. We clearly observed two surface-derived Fermi surfaces which are likely spin split, demonstrating that the spin-orbit interaction plays a dominant role in characterising the surface electronic states of group-V semimetals. Universality/disimilarity of the electronic structure in Bi and Sb is discussed in relation to the granular superconductivity, electron-phonon coupling, and surface charge/spin density wave.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. to be published in Phys. Rev. Lett
Supplementary Figures and Tables. from Concerted variation in melanogenesis genes underlies emergent patterning of plumage in capuchino seedeaters
Creators: name: Estalles, Cecilia
name: Turbek, Sheela P.
name: José Rodríguez-Cajarville, María
name: Silveira, Luís Fábio
name: Wakamatsu, Kazumasa
name: Ito, Shosuke
name: Lovette, Irby J.
name: Tubaro, Pablo L.
name: Lijtmaer, Darío A.
name: Campagna, Leonardo
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This file contains the pigments concentration values for each plumage patch for the ten capuchino species, plots and tables of the GWAS results, details of the samples and information of the pigmentation genes found in this study.
An Evaluation of Temperature Distribution Within Asphalt Pavements and Its Relationship to Pavement Deflection
Creators: name: Southgate, Herbert F.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1968
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The attached report presents significant progress and achievements in the area of asphalt pavement design. Benkelman beam deflections were used extensively in conjunction with our 1958 study of asphalt pavement performance; apparent relationships between 18–kip deflections and pavement structures were evident then although scatter in the data was thought to be necessarily admissible. During the spring and summer of 1966, another extensive series of pavements, built since 1958, were evaluated from the standpoint of performance and deflection. It seemed compelling at that time to adjust all deflections to some common reference temperature and so the surface temperature of the pavement was measured at each test site at the time the deflection test was made. However, the development of a temperature-deflection adjustment factor became more complicated than it was expected to be. It became rather evident that surface temperature alone would not suffice. Since temperatures were not measured at depths and since subsurface temperatures were thought to influence deflections greatly, a method of approximating or estimating temperatures at depths was desired. This became the first objective; the second objective then was to determine the magnitude of the adjusting factor.
Observation of the Decrease of Larmor Tunneling Times with Lower Incident Energy
Creators: name: Spierings, David C.
name: Steinberg, Aephraim M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: How much time does a tunneling particle spend in a barrier? A Larmor clock, one proposal to answer this question, measures the interaction between the particle and the barrier region using an auxiliary degree of freedom of the particle to clock the dwell time inside the barrier. We report on precise Larmor time measurements of ultra-cold $^{87}$Rb atoms tunneling through an optical barrier, which confirm longstanding predictions of tunneling times. We observe that atoms generally spend less time tunneling through higher barriers and that this time decreases for lower energy particles. For the lowest measured incident energy, at least $90\%$ of transmitted atoms tunneled through the barrier, spending an average of $0.59(2)$ms inside. This is $0.11(3)$ms faster than atoms traversing the same barrier with energy close to the barrier's peak and $0.21(3)$ms faster than when the atoms traverse a barrier with $23\%$ less energy.
description: Corrected typos, revised title to be consistent with journal version, results unchanged
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RICE PRODUCTION COSTS IN SMALL- AND LARGE-SCALE IRRIGATED PERIMETERS IN THE UPSTREAM ZONE OF THE FLEUVE, MAURITANIA
Creators: name: Koita, Tocka
name: Koita, Tocka
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Some agricultural project analysts advocate that "small-scale" perimeters are more cost effective and successful than large ones. Patterson argues that the small scale perimeter if potentially conducive to development because of their smallness and their flexibility in terms of innovations. Morever a recent survey irrigation in the Sahelian countries by Stryker, Gotsch, McIntire and Roche, suggests that labor intensive schemes generally have better distributional characteristics than those that are more capital intensive. These advantages attributed to the small schemes have even biased some donors towards funding small scale perimeters. Efforts to expand rice production and therefore to increase self-sufficiency can be analyzed in terms of their contributions to the three fundamental economic objectives: increased national incomes, more even income distribution, and increased food self-sufficiency. In the case of Mauritania, the main objective is to increase food self-sufficiency. As a Resources Assessment Manpower report (RAMS) stated, after 10 years of drought, loss of livestock and an increasing rate of food deficit, expanding irrigation is no longer an alternative, but an obligation. This study will 1) compare rice production costs in the large and small scale perimeters in the upstream zone of the Fleuve in Mauritania, 2) highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the large and small scale perimeters, and 3) draw some policy recommendations for future land development. While the Mauritanian government has used irrigation since 1973 to increase food security, the cost has been substantial. Related issues that will be explored relate to Mauritania's comparative advantage in rice production. Is locally produced rice competitive with the imported rice? For example, rice produced and consumed in the same zone may be competitive with imported rice delivered to this zone. Finally, this study analyzes rice policies used by the Mauritanian government to increase real rural incomes. In particular, are existing incentives adequate to motivate farmers to continue to produce under the current rice policies? Incentives to guide and reward farmers are critical component as once there are investment opportunities and efficient incentives, farmers will turn sand into gold.
Dynamic Controllability with Overlapping targets: A Generalization of the Tinbergen-Nash Theory of Economic Policy
Creators: name: Di Bartolomeo, Giovanni
name: Acocella, Nicola
name: Hallett, Andrew Hughes
name: Di Bartolomeo, Giovanni
name: Acocella, Nicola
name: Hallett, Andrew Hughes
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: We generalize some recent results developed in static policy games with multiple players, to a dynamic context. We find that the classical theory of economic policy can be usefully applied to a strategic context of difference games: if one player satisfies the Golden Rule, then either all other players' policies are ineffective with respect to the dynamic target variables shared with that player; or no Nash Feedback Equilibrium can exist, unless they all share target values for those variables. We extend those results to the case where there are also non-dynamic targets, to show that policy effectiveness (a Nash equilibrium) can continue to exist if some players satisfy the Golden Rule but target values differ between players in the non-dynamic targets. We demonstrate the practical importance of these results by showing how policy effectiveness (a policy equilibrium) can appear or disappear with small variations in the expectations process or policy rule in a widely used model of monetary policy.
title: Florida Skid Correlation Study of 1967
title: Skid Testing with Automobiles
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Rizenbergs, Rolands L.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1968
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The inclusion of automobiles in the Florida skid correlation study was promoted by the recognition of the following needs: 1) to compare stopping-distance measurements obtained with different instrumentation, 2) to suggest a standard method of stopping-distance testing, 3) to relate skid-resistance measurements of trailer-type testers with stopping distances of automobiles, and 4) to explore other skid-resistance measurements techniques using an automobile.  The vehicles were all full-size automobiles. Each vehicle was instrumented to measure a distance from a predetermined pressure in the brake hydraulic system to where the vehicle came to rest. Stopping distance in most of the automobiles was read directly from summating counters. Two of the automobiles were equipped with strip-chart recorders to measure distance, velocity and deceleration during the skid.  The measured stopping distances displayed minor differences between automobiles regardless of the instrumentation. The primary cause of variation in the test results was attributed to the ability of the driver to apply brakes at the prescribed test velocity. Lag between brake application and wheel lock and errors in the distance-measurement instrumentation were of secondary concern.  The stopping-distance data were correlated with the trailer-measured skid resistances for several velocities. Approximate stopping distance, therefore, can be predicted from trailer tests, or vice versa.  The results of the stopping-distance tests were sufficiently encouraging to consider standardization. Adoption of a standard method of test would serve several useful purposes. The principal benefits would be derived from having a reliable, alternate method of skid testing and references to "stopping distance" of automobiles would acquire a uniform understanding of the measurement and, therefore, common usage of the term.
An unsupervised method for identifying $X$-enriched stars directly from spectra: Li in LAMOST
Creators: name: Wheeler, Adam
name: Ness, Melissa
name: Hogg, David W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stars with peculiar element abundances are important markers of chemical enrichment mechanisms. We present a simple method, tangent space projection (TSP), for the detection of $X$-enriched stars, for arbitrary elements $X$, even from blended lines. Our method does not require stellar labels, but instead directly estimates the counterfactual unrenriched spectrum from other unlabelled spectra. As a case study, we apply this method to the $6708~$Å Li doublet in LAMOST DR5, identifying 8,428 Li-enriched stars seamlessly across evolutionary state. We comment on the explanation for Li-enrichement for different subpopulations, including planet accretion, nonstandard mixing, and youth.
description: Published in ApJ; Data available at https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-3ap9-qe35
Blaser, Klauspeter: Gottes Heil in heutiger Wirklichkeit
Creators: name: Becken, Hans-Jürgen
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 28 Nr. 4 (1979): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 28, Heft 4
Does Envy Destroy Social Fundamentals? The Impact of Relative Income Position
Creators: name: Fischer, Justina A.V.
name: Torgler, Benno
name: Fischer, Justina A.V.
name: Torgler, Benno
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: Research evidence on the impact of relative income position on individual attitudes and behaviour is sorely lacking. Therefore, this paper assesses such positional impact on social capital by applying 14 different measurements to International Social Survey Programme data from 25 countries. We find support for a positional concern effect or 'envy' whose magnitude in several cases is quite substantial. The results indicate that such an effect is non-linear. In addition, we find an indication that absolute income level is also relevant. Lastly, changing the reference group (regional versus national) produces no significant differences in the results.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/19/06.
Self-similarity and vanishing diffusion in fluvial landscapes
Creators: name: Anand, Shashank Kumar
name: Bertagni, Matteo B.
name: Drivas, Theodore D.
name: Porporato, Amilcare
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex topographies exhibit universal properties when fluvial erosion dominates landscape evolution over other geomorphological processes. Similarly, we show that the solutions of a minimalist landscape evolution model display invariant behavior as the impact of soil diffusion diminishes compared to fluvial erosion at the landscape scale, yielding complete self-similarity with respect to a dimensionless channelization index. Approaching its zero limit, soil diffusion becomes confined to a region of vanishing area and large concavity or convexity, corresponding to the locus of the ridge and valley network. We demonstrate these results using 1D analytical solutions and 2D numerical simulations, supported by real-world topographic observations. Our findings on the landscape self-similarity and the localized diffusion resemble the self-similarity of turbulent flows and the role of viscous dissipation. Topographic singularities in the vanishing diffusion limit are suggestive of shock waves and singularities observed in nonlinear complex systems.
Tinbergen and Theil Meet Nash: Controllability in Policy Games
Creators: name: Di Bartolomeo, Giovanni
name: Acocella, Nicola
name: Di Bartolomeo, Giovanni
name: Acocella, Nicola
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: This paper generalizes the classical theory of economic policy to a static LQ-strategic context between n players. We show how this generalized version of controllability can profitably be used to deal with policy ineffectiveness issues and Nash equilibrium existence.
Allelic polymorphism of Ovar-DRB1 exon2 gene and parasite resistance in two dairy sheep breeds
Creators: name: Koutsouli, Panagiota
Publisher: name: Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA)
Year: 2016
Subjects: dairy sheep; Greek breeds; Ovar-DRB1 exon2 alleles; genetic polymorphism; parasites.

description: The Ovar-DRB1 gene locus is one of the most polymorphic genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (Ovar-MHC) and holds a functional role to antigen presentation. The aim of this study was: a) to describe the Ovar-DRB1 locus variability in two dairy Greek sheep breeds and b) to investigate associations between this variability with resistance to gastrointestinal parasitosis. Blood and faecal samples were collected from 231 and 201 animals of Arta and Kallarytiko breeds, respectively. The identification of alleles was performed using the sequence–base method. Faecal egg counting (FEC) of the gastrointestinal parasites and measures of blood plasma pepsinogen levels were performed in order to evaluate parasitological parameters. From this study in the overall examined animals, thirty-nine Ovar-DRB1 alleles were identified, among them, ten new alleles, reported for the first time in the literature. In Arta breed a total of twenty-four alleles were found. Among the detected alleles, ten were breed specific and five were new. Regarding the Kalarrytiko breed, twenty-nine alleles were found, fifteen of them were unique and nine were new. The studied breeds differed in their allelic profile, with only 12 common from the total of 134 different recorded genotypes. A higher number of animals with high parasitic load and high plasma pepsinogen values were found in Kalarrytiko. Associations between Ovar-DRB1 alleles with FEC values were found with certain heterozygous genotypes to present significantly reduced FEC values. The large number of detected alleles with low frequencies and the fact that the majority of animals were heterozygous, make hard to find strong associations.
description: International Journal of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Vol 3, No 1 (2016)
Simple Models for the Distribution of Dark Matter
Creators: name: An, Jin H.
name: Evans, N. Wyn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a simple family of models for representing the dark matter in galaxies. The potential and phase space distribution function are all elementary, while the density is cusped. The models are all hypervirial, that is, the virial theorem holds locally, as well as globally. As an application to dark matter studies, we compute some of the properties of gamma-ray sources caused by neutralino self-annihilation in dark matter clumps.
description: to appear in A&A, including 4 figures, appendices B&C are only available through arxiv
title: Пословицы Петровского времени в Словаре В.П. Жукова
Creators: name: Мокиенко, Валерий
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2021

description: В статье подчёркивается значение «Словаря русских пословиц и поговорок», составленного В.П. Жуковым, для русской и общей паремиологии и паремиографии. Отмечается инновативное, нетрадиционное понимание составителем термина поговорка. Характеризуются основные лексикографические параметры, на которых этот словарь построен: 1) последовательная подача толкований к каждой образной пословице при их отсутствии для безобразных пословиц, т.е. поговорок; 2) детализированные контекстные иллюстрации из классической и современной литературы к каждой пословице, подтверждающие ее семантизацию; 3) последовательный историзм в указании хронологической последовательности фиксации русских паремий. Достижения последней цели В.П. Жуков добивается тремя способами. Во-первых, расположением цитатного материала с преимущественно имплицитным использованием хронологической последовательности авторов. Во-вторых – приведением в конце словарной статьи ссылок на литературу XVIII века и контекстных иллюстраций.