cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Zebrafish Mutants to Model Human Genetic Defects in the LRRC56 Gene.
Creators: name: Ivare, Joshua
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020
Subjects: Lrrc56
Cilia
Zebrafish
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Situs Inversus

description: In humans, defects of motile cilia are characterized by respiratory infections, in some cases, congenital heart disease, and in about 50% of patients, laterality defects where the proper placement of internal organs is disrupted. Recently, two autopsied human fetuses identified as carrying a homozygous missense variant of the Leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing gene 56 (LRRC56) gene showed mirror image placement of thoracic and abdominal structures as well as complex cardiac anomalies. Furthermore, LRRC56 was recently reported to be a homolog of the Outer Dynein Arm 8 gene (oda8), a gene necessary for the cytoplasmic maturation of the outer dynein arms (ODA) in the flagella of algae. Therefore, to confirm that the observed phenotypes of the human fetuses are the result of an inactive LRRC56 protein, we created a zebrafish lrrc56 knockout with a 4bp deletion in the first exon of the lrrc56 gene (lrrc56-/-) using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology. We hypothesize that if the missense mutation of the LRRC56 gene in the human fetuses indeed renders the LRRC56 protein inactive, a knockout of the zebrafish lrrc56 gene might produce in zebrafish similar phenotypes to those observed in the mutant human fetuses. We show that knocking out the zebrafish lrrc56 gene leads to spinal defects in the lrrc56-/- zebrafish. By performing gene expression analyses on the lrrc56-/- mutants, we observed defects in visceral organ left/right asymmetry. Injection of the wild type lrrc56 mRNA rescued the phenotypes of spinal and visceral organ asymmetry defects in the lrrc56-/- mutants while the injection of a lrrc56 mRNA possessing the same missense mutation observed in the two autopsied fetuses failed to rescue these phenotypes. When we performed IHC with an α-tubulin antibody to detect cilia in the zebrafish Kupffer’s Vesicle (KV), we observed that the cilia present in the KV of the lrrc56-/- mutants were longer than those in WT zebrafish. Together, our results verify that the observed phenotypes of the fetuses are due to the homozygous missense LRRC56 variant they possessed.
title: Formulaire de candidature résidence Fondation Camargo 2016-2017
Creators: name: Fondation Camargo; LabexMed
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Formulaire de candidature relatif à l'appel à candidature pour des séjours de résidence à la Fondation Camargo.
Explaining Survival: The Hierarchy of Persecution and the Jews of the Department of Vaucluse, 1933-1945
Creators: name: Dallaire, Adrien
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020
Subjects: Holocaust
Shoah
Prosopography
Vaucluse
Avignon

description: How three-quarters of the Jews of France survived the Holocaust has long been a subject of debate between historians. After the war, top Vichy officials sought to frame their participation in the persecution of the Jews in the best light possible and were amongst the first to articulate what came to be known as the “shield thesis.” The Vichy Regime, so the argument went, had served as a shield against the worst of the German demands regarding the Jews, which had the happy result of saving thousands of them—and, in particular, those of French origin—from destruction. This thesis was subsequently advanced by some of the most prominent scholars in the field, who tended to rally around one of its central tenets: the “French-foreign dichotomy,” the argument according to which the Vichy authorities pragmatically sacrificed the foreign Jews in order to preserve the French Israélites. This dissertation challenges what has become the framework for understanding the Holocaust in France, by examining the lives of the Jews of a small, rural department in southeast France through the prism of quantitative prosopography. It argues that, through its repeated appeals to the “French-foreign dichotomy,” the historiography has overemphasized one factor for explaining the fate of the Jews in France during the war, by bringing together very different individuals into two artificially homogeneous groups, thereby inadvertently obscuring other, more important differences between them. This dissertation shows that there was, indeed, a hierarchy between the Vauclusian Jews, but not one narrowly defined by nationality or country of origin. This hierarchy, moreover, evolved throughout the war and was at times one of persecution or of privilege. In the end, it was this hierarchy—underpinned by a confluence of personal, geographical and temporal forces—that enabled the majority of the 2,826 Jews of the Vaucluse to make it through the war intact.
title: Prácticas lingüísticas heterogéneas
title: Nuevas perspectivas para el estudio del español en contacto con lenguas amerindias
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: contact-induced variation
subject: change phenomena
subject: Spanish-speaking world
subject: 400 Sprache::410 Linguistik::410 Linguistik

description: Synopsis: After celebrating the International workshop « Spanish varieties in contact or heterogeneous language practices » in Paris in 2017, this volume brings together ten scientific contributions offering a change of perspective on the description of contact-induced variation and change phenomena in the Spanish-speaking world, based on new methodological and theoretical frameworks. This change of perspective implies to move from the analysis of “systems” and “codes” in contact, and its outcomes, to the description and analysis of heterogeneous language practices that focuses on the use of semiotic and linguistic resources by speakers to express messages, to transmit knowledge, or to take positions and epistemic and affective stances, that is, to create meaning. The aim of this book is to question, from different perspectives and backgrounds, the notion of contact as just simply the influence of systems or codes and, rather, to propose a dynamic view centered on the use of linguistic heterogeneous resources by social actors living in complex contact settings involving the contact of languages such as Spanish, Quechua, Guaraní, Yukuna, Mapuzugún, Otomí, Chichimeca jonaz, and Tepehuano del sureste. This book brings together contributions from well-known specialists and young researchers of language contact such as Carol Klee, Azucena Palacios, Isabelle Léglise, Carola Mick, Aura Lemus, Magdalena Lemus, Ignacio Satti, Mario Soto, Aldo Olate Vinet, Alonso Guerrero Galván, Nadiezdha Torres Sánchez, Élodie Blestel, and Santiago Sánchez Moreano. The volume is divided in two sections. The first one: "Methodological and theoretical perspectives" includes four contributions offering innovative guidelines and perspectives for the study of contact-induced variation and change. These perspectives, although they have been widely worked in linguistic anthropology and ethnographic sociolinguistics, for example, have been on the contrary not yet well explored in the field of language contact in the “Spanish-speaking world”. The second section is entitled “Applied perspectives” and includes five contributions offering new theoretically and methodologically views on language contact.
title: ADCO, Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome I, Cart. 185 (11 H 70), f. 0059r
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire

description: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome I, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 185 (11 H 70), f. 0059r, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome I, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 185 (11 H 70), f. 0059r, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
title: Messungen und Computersimulationen für eine klimaangepasste Stadtplanung
title: Klimawirksamkeit von Anpassungsmaßnahmen in der Stadt Bonn
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Roll, Ortrun
name: Halbig, Guido
name: Buchholz, Saskia
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: klimaangepasste Stadtplanung
subject: Klimawandel
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: Zusammenfassung: Bei der Diskussion um den Klimawandel gewinnt in urbanen Gebieten – neben dem Klimaschutz – das Thema der Anpassung an den Klimawandel immer mehr an Bedeutung. Vor allem in Städten nimmt die Anzahl heißer Tage, und damit auch die Wärmebelastung, immer weiter zu. Dort macht sich der sogenannte städtische Wärmeinseleffekt bemerkbar: Durch sehr dichte Bebauung, versiegelte Flächen (z. B. asphaltierte Straßen und Plätze), weniger Begrünung und zusätzlichen anthropogenen Wärmestrom (verursacht durch z. B. Klimaanlagen und Heizungen) kann die Lufttemperatur in größeren Städten um 10 Kelvin und mehr höher liegen als im kühleren Umland. Mit INKAS (Informationsportal Klimaanpassung in Städten) hat der Deutsche Wetterdienst bereits einen elektronischen Experimentierkasten entwickelt, um auf einfache Weise verschiedene Anpassungsmaßnahmen an die Klimaerwärmung in Städten miteinander vergleichen zu können. Mit dem Projekt „Klimaangepasste Stadtplanung in Bonn und Nordrhein-Westfalen“ wurde INKAS nun um wesentliche Aspekte erweitert. Im vorliegenden Bericht wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie sich verschiedene Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen (Albedo der Dachfläche, Dachbegrünung und Entsiegelung zwischen Gebäuden) auf unterschiedliche städtische Areale thermisch auswirken. Es zeigt sich, dass potentiell negative Auswirkungen von Planungsvorhaben auf das lokale Klima (z.B. Temperaturerhöhungen durch Nachverdichtung und Aufstockung) durch Kombinationen aus Anpassungsmaßnahmen zum Teil kompensiert werden können. Um der Frage nachzugehen, ob die gewählten Anpassungsmaßnahmen auch in anderen Stadtquartieren in Nordrhein-Westfalen gleiche oder ähnliche Effekte auf die Lufttemperatur zeigen, wurden idealisierte Stadtklimasimulationen durchgeführt. Der Ergebnisvergleich belegt, dass die Wirksamkeit der getesteten Anpassungsmaßnahmen von idealisierten Stadtquartieren auf reale Stadtquartiere übertragen werden kann.
ПИЩЕВАЯ АЛЛЕРГИЯ У ДЕТЕЙ
Creators: name: Жумартова, Шарофат
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Гастроинтестинальная пищевая аллергия является важной медико-социальной проблемой. Данные о распространенности этой патологии весьма разноречивы. Так, по сведениям ряда исследователей, не менее 20-30% населения убеждены, что у них имеются те или иные проявления пищевой аллергии. По данным эпидемиологических исследований распространенность доказанной пищевой аллергии в развитых странах среди детей первого года жизни составляет 6%-8%, среди детей подросткового возраста - 2%-4%, а среди взрослых - 1,5% .
The Management and Indirect Impacts of Fire Regimes
Creators: name: Harris, Jaclyn Elise
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 410205
subject: Fire ecology
classificationCode: 410401
subject: Conservation and biodiversity
classificationCode: 310509
subject: Genomics

description: My thesis aims to investigate the indirect impacts and management of fire regimes,
with a particular lens on reptiles in mallee Victoria. We know that reptiles are
significantly impacted by both natural and anthropogenic fires, but we have a limited
understanding of the mechanisms that drive post-fire population fluctuations. I
attempt to dig further into potential drivers, investigating indirect impacts of fires,
post-fire predation and genetic repercussions of fire. Given the importance of
science in conservation management, I endeavour to present my research questions
in the context of management also.
Solid-phase extraction of Cu2+ and Pb2+ from waters using new thermally treated chitosan/polyacrylamide thin films; adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics
Creators: name: Yasmeen G. Abou El-Reash
name: Abdelghany, Amr M.
name: Leopold, Kerstin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: New biologically safe thin adsorptive films were synthesised using chitosan/polyacrylamide polymer blend (Ch/PA) via thermal crosslinking technique for the separation of Cu2+ and Pb2+ from aqueous solution and natural water samples. The prepared films were characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. Thermo-gravimetric analysis revealed an enhancement in the thermal stability of the prepared thin films with increasing polyacrylamide content. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies were evaluated by batch-type experiments. The obtained results indicated that the adsorption isotherms were well described by Freundlich model, and Ch/PA have adsorption capacities of 177.9 and 126.58 mg.g−1 to Cu2+ and Pb2+, respectively. Under optimum conditions, calculated detection limits were as low as 0.018 and 0.034 μg.L−1 for Cu2+ and Pb2+, respectively, and relative standard deviations of less than 4% for five separate experiments. Moreover, the traditional Lagergren adsorption kinetic model provided the best fitting for the kinetic data. Furthermore, the reusability studies revealed a decrease in the adsorption capacity by about 8% after three adsorption–desorption cycles. The prepared thin films were successfully applied for the separation of Cu2+ and Pb2+ from natural water samples.
Ischaemia reperfusion injury in islet and pancreas transplantation
Creators: name: Sandhu, Bynvant
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: The global prevalence of diabetes continues to rise, leading to an obvious need for effective treatment strategies. Whole organ pancreas or isolated islet transplantation is currently offered to a small proportion of the diabetic population, based upon selective indications and fitness for the procedure. The use of both treatment modalities is in part limited due to the potential complications associated with transplantation and imperfect long-term outcomes. Ischaemia reperfusion injury affects both islet and pancreas transplantation and impacts upon the effectiveness and longevity of the graft. Activation of the coagulation cascade has been described as a common mediator of ischaemia reperfusion injury, in both islet and pancreas transplantation. Cytotopic anticoagulant peptides have been proposed as a treatment strategy in other solid organ transplants as an alternative to systemic anticoagulation. This approach offers a cell-binding therapy, reducing coagulation-associated injury whilst avoiding bleeding risks associated with systemic anticoagulation. The aims of my project were to examine the efficacy of cytotopic anticoagulation in the context of islet and pancreas transplantation and to design a model for examination of reperfusion injury in the human pancreas. I have explored the expression of Tissue Factor in donor pancreas grafts and shown an upregulation of TF expression in isolated human islets exposed to hypoxic, ischaemic conditions. Using a specialised coagulation assay I have confirmed the efficacy of the cytotopic anticoagulant in reducing Tissue Factor initiated coagulation. I have shown an improvement in endothelial viability and function using cytotopic anticoagulation in in vitro models of ischaemia reperfusion. My project also investigated the use of cytotopic anticoagulation in human islet reperfusion models. I demonstrated a reduction in the expression of Tissue Factor and activation of the coagulation cascade in islets treated with the cytotopic anticoagulation, I also explored the impact upon activation of associated mechanisms of injury in islet reperfusion. Finally, I have successfully developed a new model of ex vivo organ reperfusion for the examination of ischaemia reperfusion injury in the pancreas and other organs in the future.
Looking towards the future: the changing nature of intrusive surveillance and technical attacks against high-profile targets
Creators: name: Gudgeon, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: In this thesis a novel Bayesian model is developed that is capable of predicting the probability of a range of eavesdropping techniques deployed, given an attacker's capability, opportunity and intent. Whilst limited attention by academia has focused on the cold war activities of Soviet bloc and Western allies' bugging of embassies, even less attention has been paid to the changing nature of the technology used for these eavesdropping events. This thesis makes four contributions: through the analysis of technical eavesdropping events over the last century, technological innovation is shown to have enriched the eavesdropping opportunities for a range of capabilities. The entry barrier for effective eavesdropping is lowered, while for the well resourced eavesdropper, the requirement for close access has been replaced by remote access opportunities. A new way to consider eavesdropping methods is presented through the expert elicitation of capability and opportunity requirements for a range of present-day eavesdropping techniques. Eavesdropping technology is shown to have life-cycle stages with the technology exploited by different capabilities at different times. Three case studies illustrate that yesterday’s secretive government method becomes today’s commodity. The significance of the egress transmission path is considered too. Finally, by using the expert elicitation information derived for capability, opportunity and life-cycle position, for a range of eavesdropping techniques, it is shown that it is possible to predict the probability of particular eavesdropping techniques being deployed. This novel Bayesian inferencing model enables scenarios with incomplete, uncertain or missing detail to be considered. The model is validated against the previously collated historic eavesdropping events. The development of this concept may be scaled with additional eavesdropping techniques to form the basis of a tool for security professionals or risk managers wishing to define eavesdropping threat advice or create eavesdropping policies based on the rigour of this technological study.
Locating geographies of inequality: publication trends across OECD countries
Creators: name: Cavanaugh, Alicia
name: Breau, Sébastien
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: This paper examines journal publications and article citations on the subject of the spatial dimensions of income inequality within the social sciences. A systematic literature review methodology is used to develop a dataset containing 2944 articles published between 1980 and 2014. Analysis reveals that the number of papers soared in the late 1990s with significant differences (1) between papers focusing on the causes versus consequences of inequality; and (2) in the spatial scales studied. Increases in interdisciplinary and multidimensional approaches to understanding regional inequalities are also key features of the literature. Areas for future work on spatial inequality are outlined.
Application of Micro and Nano Aeration in Aquaculture
Creators: name: Ravindra Sontakke1*, Harsha Haridas2, Sunil Kumar Nayak2, Dhalongsaih Reang2, Somu Sunder Lingam3
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description: Aquaculture, the culture of aquatic plants and organisms, has become increasingly vital in meeting global demands for fish. However, the industry faces challenges related to water quality management, particularly dissolved oxygen levels crucial for aquatic life and waste water treatment. Micro-nano aeration represents a cutting-edge approach to oxygenation in aquatic environments, combining the advantages of micro and nano-scale aeration technologies. This innovative method utilizes both microscale and nanoscale bubbles to enhance dissolved oxygen levels and improve water quality in a variety of applications, including aquaculture, water treatment, and environmental remediation.
Improved Forecasting Using a PSO-RDV Framework to Enhance Artificial Neural Network
Creators: name: Aribe, Sales
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Decision making and planning have long relied heavily on AI-driven forecasts. The government and the general public are working to minimize the risks while maximizing benefits in the face of potential future public health uncertainties. This study used an improved method of forecasting utilizing the Random Descending Velocity Inertia Weight (RDV IW) technique to improve the convergence of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and the accuracy of Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The IW technique, inspired by the motions of a golf ball, modified the particles' velocities as they approached the solution point to a parabolically descending structure. Simulation results revealed that the proposed forecasting model with [0.4, 0.9] combination of alpha and alpha_dump exhibits a 6.36% improvement in position error and 11.75% improvement in computational time compared to the old model, thus, improving its convergence. It reached the optimum level at minimal steps with 12.50% improvement as against the old model since it provides better velocity averages when speed stabilization occurs at the 24th iteration. Meanwhile, the computed p-values for NRMSE (0.04889174), MAE (0.02829063), MAPE (0.02226053), WAPE (0.01701545), and R2 (0.00000021) of the proposed algorithm are less than the set 0.05 level of significance, thus the values indicated a significant result in terms of accuracy performance. Applying the modified ANN-PSO using RDV IW technique greatly improved the new HIV/AIDS forecasting model compared with the two models.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, Published with International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT)
Chimeric antigen receptor for treatment of T-cell malignancies and HIV-1 cure
Creators: name: Ma, Weiwei
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs) T cell therapy has achieved great success in the treatment of B-cell malignancies by targeting B-cell specific antigen CD19. However, a similar approach targeting the CD4 molecule for T cell lymphoma has thus far been unrealised. CD4, a cell surface glycoprotein, is highly expressed in the majority of mature T-cell malignancies, and absent in hematopoietic stem cells. Anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies have been widely assessed for T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma treatment, but yielded limited efficacy, suggesting more potent therapies targeting CD4 are required. Here T cells were transduced with a third-generation CAR specifically targeting CD4 molecule (CART4) via a two-step retroviral system, incorporating with truncated epidermal growth factor receptor (tEGFR) as tracking marker and inducible caspase-9 (iC9) as safety switch. CART4 transduced T cells showed remarkable cytotoxicity against CD4+ T cells in vitro. Those CART4 cells effectively eliminated CD4+ T tumour cell line and primary tumour cells from patients with adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). In a xenograft model bearing T cell leukaemia cell line, CART4 cells efficiently suppressed tumour progression and prolonged mouse survival, suggesting that CART4 T cells could be a promising strategy for T-cell malignancy. Besides, as CD4 as serves the primary receptor for HIV-1 entry, it was hypothesised that the anti-CD4 CAR could be applied for HIV eradication. By in vitro co-culture assays, CART4 cells effectively eliminated target cells, including CD4+ T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and macrophages. In vivo test utilizing A humanized mouse model of HIV treatment demonstrated that CART4 cells were superior at expanding upon antigen stimulation, eliminating target cells, and controlling HIV rebound after antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption. Together, these results support the therapeutic potential of CART4 in patients with T-cell malignancies and HIV-1 infection, respectively.
Statistical process optimisation and probabilistic performance assessment of resin infused carbon-epoxy composite laminates
Creators: name: Ngah, Mohammad Fahmi
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: The Resin Infusion under Flexible Tooling (RIFT) has always been assumed to be a cost- effective alternative for manufacturing composite structures. However, there appears to be limited consensus on defining an optimised RIFT manufacturing process configuration for manufacturing a given structure. This had led to many costly trial and error approaches to the problem. In addition, the exact cost-performance advantages of an infused structure are also not widely known. The objective of this research is to assess and present an optimised process configuration for manufacturing a flat RIFT laminate using woven carbon fabrics and a liquid epoxy resin. A statistical process optimisation technique, namely the Design-Of-Experiments method was used for this assessment. It was found that the ideal process configuration for low cycle times does not necessarily result in a laminate having ideal mechanical properties. An optimised process configuration for RIFT of flat laminates was obtained and presented. However, the mechanical properties of the optimised RIFT laminate are still slightly lower than the equivalent Resin Transfer Moulded (RTM) laminate. The second objective of this research is to quantify the cost-performance advantages of manufacturing a flat laminate with RIFT compared with RTM. In this respect, RTM was found to be a better choice for manufacturing better quality laminates. RIFT on the other hand becomes exceptionally more economical than RTM especially for low volume manufacturing, for example prototyping or composite tool manufacture. There appears to be some scope for further automating both processes and hence reduce its labour dependency, which was found to be the dominant cost element in both processes. The third objective of this research is to investigate the applicability and shortcomings of currently available analytical material models for predicting the compressive strength of RIFT and RTM laminates. The fibre kinking model and the shear instability method, developed for unidirectional prepreg were found to be highly accurate (to within 5%) for predicting the compressive strengths of the infused woven laminates. In addition to the three main objectives set at the beginning of the project, the reliability of both the RTM and RIFT laminates were also computed using the Monte-Carlo Simulation Method. The RTM laminates were found to be more reliable than the RIFT laminates and further uptake of the probabilistic strength analysis into industry is recommended.
Liquid droplets and gas interactions in two-phase flow
Creators: name: Zoby, Maria Regina Gomes
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: The work focuses on the interactions of the two phases (liquid and gas) in droplet flows. Most studies of sprays do not resolve the liquid phase nor the near field and droplets are treated as point sources of mass, momentum, energy and species. In the present work, two- and three-dimensional Direct Numerical Simulations of fully resolved droplet arrays are analysed. Simulations of droplets arrays in inert and reacting environments are performed and evaporation rates and fuel vapour mixing in laminar and turbulent flows are assessed. The novel model developed in this work combines the one- and two-fluid formulations for multiphase flows. The energy transport equation is solved based on a one-fluid formulation while the species, velocities and pressure equations are solved with a two-fluid formulation. In addition, a Level Set technique is combined with the Ghost Fluid method in a mass conserving approach in order to track the liquid interfaces. The numerical algorithm was parallelised in order to satisfy the computational demand of the simulations. The validation tests performed show that the model implemented is able to capture the dynamic behavior of droplet interactions and heat and mass transfer across interfaces. The effects of turbulence and droplet density on droplet evaporation rates in reacting flows is investigated for n-heptane and kerosene droplet arrays. The evaporation rates are compared to existing models commonly used in Large Eddy Simulations and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computations. A shell around the droplet approach is proposed in order to estimate the gas properties used in these models. It is noted that this approach allows the models to capture transients and provides predictions of the evaporation rates with errors around 2%. The gas phase mixing is assessed by examining the distribution of scalar dissipation. Novel multi-conditional models are proposed that use mixture fraction, distance to previous droplet and zone of location as the conditioning variables for the scalar dissipation. The scalar dissipation is found to be well predicted in terms of magnitude and distribution. The accurate representation of the mean scalar dissipation is achieved. The b-PDF description of the mixture fraction seems to capture well the global behaviour for a laminar environment and for time averaged results in the turbulent cases.
Preservice Science Teachers’ Strategies in Scientific Reasoning: the Case of Modeling
Creators: name: Göhner, Maximilian
name: Krell, Moritz
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Scientific reasoning
subject: Modeling
subject: Preservice science teachers
subject: Typology
subject: Modeling strategies
subject: Qualitative content analysis
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: The development of scientific reasoning competencies is a key goal of science education. To better understand the complex construct of scientific reasoning, which includes modeling as one style of reasoning, thorough investigations of the underlying processes are needed. Therefore, in this study, a typology of preservice science teachers’ modeling strategies was developed. Thirty-two preservice science teachers were videotaped while engaging in the modeling task of investigating a black box. Following a qualitative content analysis, sequences of modeling activities were identified. By transforming these sequences of modeling activities into state transition graphs, six types of modeling strategies were derived, differing in the homogeneity and complexity of their modeling processes. The preservice science teachers engaged in activities of (1) exploration only; (2a) exploration and development with a focus on development; (2b) exploration and development with a focus on exploration; (2c) exploration and development, balanced; (3a) exploration, development, and drawing predictions from a model once; or (3b) exploration, development, and repeatedly drawing predictions from a model. Finally, this typology is discussed regarding the process of its development and its potential to inform and guide further research as well as the development of interventions aiming to foster competencies in scientific modeling.
Calculating the Malliavin Derivative of some numerical model using the Malliavin Weight Sampling method
Creators: name: HAUSEUX, Paul
name: Hale, Jack S.
name: BORDAS, Stéphane
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 10506 Statistical Mechanics, Physical Combinatorics and Mathematical Aspects of Condensed Matter
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 10302 Numerical Solution of Differential and Integral Equations
subject: 91308 Solid Mechanics
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 10406 Stochastic Analysis and Modelling
subject: Mechanics

description: The Malliavin calculus suggests a methodology, called the Malliavin Weight Sampling method, for computing the derivative of an expected quantity of a stochastic system with respect to the parameters of its underlying stochastic variable. This repository shows how to apply this method to some problems found in classical mechanics, including problems solved using numerical methods like finite elements (FEniCS) and finite differences.
Antecedent lake conditions shape resistance and resilience of a shallow lake ecosystem following extreme wind storms
Creators: name: Thayne, Michael W.
name: Kraemer, Benjamin M.
name: Mesman, Jorrit P.
name: Ibelings, Bastiaan W.
name: Adrian, Rita
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: shallow lake ecosystem
subject: resistance
subject: resilience
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Extreme wind storms can strongly influence short-term variation in lake ecosystem functioning. Climate change is affecting storms by altering their frequency, duration, and intensity, which may have consequences for lake ecosystem resistance and resilience. However, catchment and lake processes are simultaneously affecting antecedent lake conditions which may shape the resistance and resilience landscape prior to storm exposure. To determine whether storm characteristics or antecedent lake conditions are more important for explaining variation in lake ecosystem resistance and resilience, we analyzed the effects of 25 extreme wind storms on various biological and physiochemical variables in a shallow lake. Using boosted regression trees to model observed variation in resistance and resilience, we found that antecedent lake conditions were more important (relative importance = 67%) than storm characteristics (relative importance = 33%) in explaining variation in lake ecosystem resistance and resilience. The most important antecedent lake conditions were turbidity, Schmidt stability, %O2 saturation, light conditions, and soluble reactive silica concentrations. We found that storm characteristics were all similar in their relative importance and results suggest that resistance and resilience decrease with increasing duration, mean precipitation, shear stress intensity, and time between storms. In addition, we found that antagonistic or opposing effects between the biological and physiochemical variables influence the overall resistance and resilience of the lake ecosystem under specific lake and storm conditions. The extent to which these results apply to the resistance and resilience of different lake ecosystems remains an important area for inquiry.
Diktaturen in Lateinamerika im Zeitalter des Kalten Krieges
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Lateinamerika
subject: Geschichte
subject: Diktatur
subject: Kalter Krieg
subject: Nationale Sicherheit
subject: Kuba
subject: Venezuela
subject: Peru
subject: Panama
subject: Argentinien
subject: Chile
subject: USA
subject: UdSSR
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::980 Geschichte Südamerikas::980 Geschichte Südamerikas

description: Der vorliegende Band beschreibt Erscheinungsformen von einigen Diktaturen in Lateinamerika im 20. Jahrhundert und beschäftigt sich mit den internen und externen Bedingungen sowie mit der Legitimation von Diktatur im Zeitraum zwischen 1945 und 1990. Die Beiträge fragen, wie Diktatoren in dieser Zeit die Konkurrenz zwischen den USA und der UdSSR für ihre politische Agenda nutzten, um größere wirtschaftliche Unabhängigkeit von den Industrienationen sowie nationale Souveränität gegenüber der Hegemonialmacht USA zu erlangen oder sich z.B. mit der „Doktrin der nationalen Sicherheit“ weiter deren Einfluss unterzuordnen. Mit der Darstellung von unterschiedlich ausgerichteten Diktaturen auf Kuba, in Venezuela, Peru, Panama, Argentinien und Chile entsteht ein differenziertes Bild von Entstehung und Begründung von Diktatur in Lateinamerika.
Research trends of microplastics in the soil environment: Comprehensive screening of effects
Creators: name: Kim, Shin Woong
name: Rillig, Matthias C.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Significant effect
subject: Species sensitivity distribution
subject: Soil
subject: Soil properties
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: We collated and synthesized previous studies that reported the impacts of microplastics on soil parameters. The data were classified and integrated to screen for the proportion of significant effects, then we suggest several directions to alleviate the current data limitation in future experiments. We compiled 106 datasets capturing significant effects, which were analyzed in detail. We found that polyethylene and pellets (or powders) were the most frequently used microplastic composition and shape for soil experiments. The significant effects mainly occurred in broad size ranges (0.1–1 mm) at test concentrations of 0.1%–10% based on soil dry weight. Polyvinyl chloride and film induced significant effects at lower concentrations compared to other compositions and shapes, respectively. We adopted a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) and soil property effect distribution (SPED) method using available data from soil biota, and for soil properties and enzymes deemed relevant for microplastic management. The predicted-no-effect-concentration (PNEC)-like values needed to protect 95% of soil biota and soil properties was estimated to be between 520 and 655 mg kg−1. This study was the first to screen microplastic levels with a view toward protecting the soil system. Our results should be regularly updated (e.g., quarterly) with additional data as they become available.
Towards the Elucidation of the Pharmacokinetics of Voriconazole: A Quantitative Characterization of Its Metabolism
Creators: name: Schulz, Josefine
name: Thomas, Antonia
name: Saleh, Ayatallah
name: Mikus, Gerd
name: Kloft, Charlotte
name: Michelet, Robin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: voriconazole
subject: drug metabolism
subject: pharmacokinetics
subject: CYP P450 enzymes
subject: CYP inhibition
subject: intersystem extrapolation factors
subject: time-dependent inhibition
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: The small-molecule drug voriconazole (VRC) shows a complex and not yet fully understood metabolism. Consequently, its in vivo pharmacokinetics are challenging to predict, leading to therapy failures or adverse events. Thus, a quantitative in vitro characterization of the metabolism and inhibition properties of VRC for human CYP enzymes was aimed for. The Michaelis–Menten kinetics of voriconazole N-oxide (NO) formation, the major circulating metabolite, by CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4, was determined in incubations of human recombinant CYP enzymes and liver and intestine microsomes. The contribution of the individual enzymes to NO formation was 63.1% CYP2C19, 13.4% CYP2C9 and 29.5% CYP3A4 as determined by specific CYP inhibition in microsomes and intersystem extrapolation factors. The type of inhibition and inhibitory potential of VRC, NO and hydroxyvoriconazole (OH–VRC), emerging to be formed independently of CYP enzymes, were evaluated by their effects on CYP marker reactions. Time-independent inhibition by VRC, NO and OH–VRC was observed on all three enzymes with NO being the weakest and VRC and OH–VRC being comparably strong inhibitors of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4. CYP2C19 was significantly inhibited by VRC only. Overall, the quantitative in vitro evaluations of the metabolism contributed to the elucidation of the pharmacokinetics of VRC and provided a basis for physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling and thus VRC treatment optimization.
Antimicrobial and Biocide Resistance among Feline and Canine Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolates from Diagnostic Submissions
Creators: name: Feßler, Andrea T.
name: Scholtzek, Anissa D.
name: Schug, Angela R.
name: Kohn, Barbara
name: Weingart, Christiane
name: Schink, Anne-Kathrin
name: Bethe, Astrid
name: Lübke-Becker, Antina
name: Schwarz, Stefan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: dog
subject: cat
subject: infections
subject: S. aureus
subject: MRSA
subject: S. pseudintermedius
subject: MRSP
subject: antimicrobial resistance
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::590 Tiere (Zoologie)::590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: A total of 114 Staphylococcus isolates from various infections of companion animals, including 43 feline Staphylococcus aureus, 19 canine S. aureus, 11 feline Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and 41 canine S. pseudintermedius were investigated for (i) their susceptibility to 24 antimicrobial agents and three combinations of antimicrobial agents by broth microdilution following CLSI recommendations and (ii) the corresponding resistance genes. In addition, the isolates were tested for their susceptibility to the four biocides benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine, polyhexanide and octenidine by a recently developed biocide susceptibility testing protocol. Penicillin resistance via blaZ was the dominant resistance property in all four groups of isolates ranging between 76.7 and 90.9%. About one quarter of the isolates (25.4%) proved to be methicillin-resistant and carried the genes mecA or mecC. Macrolide resistance was the second most prevalent resistance property (27.2%) and all isolates harbored the resistance genes erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), erm(T) or msr(A), alone or in combinations. Fluoroquinolone resistance was detected in 21.1% of all isolates tested, whereas tetracycline resistance via tet(K) and/or tet(M) occurred in 19.3% of the isolates. Resistance to last resort antimicrobial agents in human medicine was seen only in single isolates, if at all. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the four biocides showed unimodal distributions and were very similar for the four groups of staphylococci. Because of the large number of (multi)resistant isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility testing of feline and canine S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius isolates is highly recommended before the start of an antimicrobial chemotherapy. Moreover, no hints towards the development of biocide resistance were detected.
The Impact of Pre- and Probiotic Product Combinations on Ex vivo Growth of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella Enteritidis
Creators: name: Fuhrmann, Laura
name: Vahjen, Wilfried
name: Zentek, Jürgen
name: Günther, Ronald
name: Saliu, Eva-Maria
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: chicken
subject: inulin
subject: FOS
subject: Enterococcus faecium
subject: Bacillus coagulans
subject: direct fed microbials
subject: DFM
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::590 Tiere (Zoologie)::590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Due to the global spread of antibiotic resistance, there is a strong demand to replace antimicrobial growth promotors in livestock. To identify suitable additives that inhibit the growth of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O1/O18 and Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis strains, an ex vivo screening was performed. Inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) were investigated as prebiotics. Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus coagulans served as probiotic strains. Firstly, the pathogen was anaerobically incubated in caecal digesta from different broiler breeder flocks with the addition of feed additives. Secondly, subsamples of these suspensions were incubated in an antibiotic medium for selective growth of the pathogen. During this step, turbidity was recorded, and lag times were calculated for each pathogen as readout of growth inhibition. Combinations of E. faecium with inulin or FOS significantly extended the lag time for E. coli compared to control. Moreover, older age was a significant factor to enhance this inhibitory effect. In contrast, the combination of FOS and B. coagulans showed shorter lag times for S. Enteritidis. Our results indicate that the E. faecium strain with prebiotics may inhibit the pathogen proliferation in the studied poultry flocks. Furthermore, our results suggest that prophylactic treatments should be assigned by feed additive, age and animal origin.
The Bidirectional Relationship between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Social Support in a 9/11-Exposed Cohort: A Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Analysis
Creators: name: Liu, Sze Yan
name: Li, Jiehui
name: Leon, Lydia F.
name: Schwarzer, Ralf
name: Cone, James E.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: posttraumatic stress disorder
subject: 9/11 disaster
subject: social support
subject: World Trade Center
subject: longitudinal study
subject: cross-lagged analysis
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Research on the longitudinal relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social support among survivors of large-scale trauma is limited. This study assessed bidirectional relationships between PTSD and perceived social support in a large sample of the 9/11-exposed cohort over a 14-year follow-up. We used data from 23,165 World Trade Center Health Registry (WTCHR) enrollees who were exposed to the 9/11 attacks and participated in the first four WTCHR surveys (Wave 1 (2003–2004) to Wave 4 (2015–2016)). PTSD symptoms were measured using the 17-item PTSD Checklist. Perceived social support was measured using the five-item version of the Modified Social Support Survey. We used a cross-lagged panel analysis and found an inverse relationship between PTSD symptoms and social support. PTSD at Wave 2 (W2) predicted less social support at Wave 3 (W3) (β = −0.10, p < 0.01), and PTSD at W3 predicted less social support at W4 (β = −0.05, p < 0.01). Conversely, social support at W3 buffered PTSD symptoms at W4 (β = −0.03, p < 0.05). Sub-analyses by types of perceived social support suggest greater effects of PTSD on emotional support than tangible support and in community members than rescue/recovery workers. Our findings suggest a bidirectional effect between PTSD symptoms and social support in a longitudinal study of 9/11-exposed populations.