cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Prionus coriarius
Creators: name: Torrella, Pablo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Prionus
Prionus coriarius

description: Prionus coriarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
  Especie paleártica que ocupa la mitad septentrional peninsular (GONZÁLEZ PEÑA et al., 2007), donde habita en bosques mixtos con presencia de viejos tocones de especies latifolias y coníferas. En Galicia también podemos encontrar ejemplares de esta especie en grandes pinares de repoblación en los que haya tocones podridos, como en el caso de ciertos montes de mancomunidad, donde suele volar al atardecer o en las primeras horas de las noches de verano (obs. pers.). Por desgracia, este hecho propicia que en ocasiones se encuentren ejemplares muertos atropellados en la carreteras o machacados intencionadamente en la base de los puntos lumínicos a los que se vieron atraídos de noche, como se viene observando en las comarcas de Ferrolterra, Eume, O Salnés, O Morrazo, O Ribeiro, etc.
  Esta especie se encuentra citada de las cuatro provincias gallegas (L̎ PEZ-VAAMONDE et al., 2000).
  Si bien L̎ PEZ-VAAMONDE et al. (2000), en su trabajo sobre el estado de conservación en GAliciA de lA FAmiliA CerAmbYcidAe, seÑAlAn lA especie como “ No amenazada ” Y ApArece en situAción de “ Preocupación menor ” en lA IUCN Red List (MANNERKOSKI et al., 2010b), algunos autores vienen desde hace años notificando la decadencia de sus poblaciones en territorio europeo por la desaparición de los árboles añosos en los bosques mixtos (ZAHRADNÍK, 1990; MANNERKOSKI et al., 2010b; STEFANELLI et al., 2014).
 Material revisado:
 A CORUÑA: Montecoruto, Ferrol, sin fecha de recolección, 1 ♀ (PPC), Invent. MHN-SGHN: IN1103F01; Centroña, Pontedeume, 18-VII-1988 , 1 ♂ (CGL), Invent. MHN-SGHN: IN0937F00; Doniños, Ferrol, 09-VI-2015 , 1 ♀, capturada al vuelo al atardecer (BR). LUGO: A Fonsagrada, IX-2019 , 1 ♀ (AO).
description: Published as part of Torrella, Pablo, 2023, Cerambycidae Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera) de Galicia en la colección entomológica del Museo de Historia Natural de la SGHN (Ferrol, Galicia, España), pp. 219-244 in Arquivos Entomolóxicos 26 on page 221, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13245598
title: Copyright for Scholars: Osmosis Doesn't Do the Trick Anymore
title: Review: Copyright for Scholars: Osmosis Doesn't Do the Trick Anymore
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Croft, Janet Brennan
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Copyright
Academic writing
Author's rights

description: A review of four books: Smith, Kevin L. Owning and Using Scholarship: An IP Handbook for Teachers and Researchers; Crews, Kenneth. Copyright Law for Librarians and Educator: Creative Strategies and Practical Solutions; Butler, Rebecca P. Copyright for Academic Librarians and Professionals; Russell, Carrie. Complete Copyright for K-12 Librarians and Educators.
Hypoxia Performance Curve: Assess a Whole-Organism Metabolic Shift from a Maximum Aerobic Capacity towards a Glycolytic Capacity in Fish
Creators: name: Zhang, Yangfan
name: So, Bog E.
name: Farrell, Anthony Peter, 1952-
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: The utility of measuring whole-animal performance to frame the metabolic response to environmental hypoxia is well established. Progressively reducing ambient oxygen (O₂) will initially limit maximum metabolic rate as a result of a hypoxemic state and ultimately lead to a time-limited, tolerance state supported by substrate-level phosphorylation when the O₂ supply can no longer meet basic needs (standard metabolic rate, SMR). The metabolic consequences of declining ambient O₂ were conceptually framed for fishes initially by Fry’s hypoxic performance curve, which characterizes the hypoxemic state and its consequences to absolute aerobic scope (AAS), and Hochachka’s concept of scope for hypoxic survival, which characterizes time-limited life when SMR cannot be supported by O₂ supply. Yet, despite these two conceptual frameworks, the toolbox to assess whole-animal metabolic performance remains rather limited. Here, we briefly review the ongoing debate concerning the need to standardize the most commonly used assessments of respiratory performance in hypoxic fishes, namely critical O₂ (the ambient O₂ level below which maintenance metabolism cannot be sustained) and the incipient lethal O₂ (the ambient O₂ level at which a fish loses the ability to maintain upright equilibrium), and then we advance the idea that the most useful addition to the toolbox will be the limiting-O₂ concentration (LOC) performance curve. Using Fry & Hart’s (1948) hypoxia performance curve concept, an LOC curve was subsequently developed as an eco-physiological framework by Neil et al. and derived for a group of fish during a progressive hypoxia trial by Claireaux and Lagardère (1999). In the present review, we show how only minor modifications to available respirometry tools and techniques are needed to generate an LOC curve for individual fish. This individual approach to the LOC curve determination then increases its statistical robustness and importantly opens up the possibility of examining individual variability. Moreover, if peak aerobic performance at a given ambient O₂ level of each individual is expressed as a percentage of its AAS, the water dissolved O₂ that supports 50% of the individual’s AAS (DOAAS-₅₀) can be interpolated much like the P₅₀ for an O₂ hemoglobin dissociation curve (when hemoglobin is 50% saturated with O₂). Thus, critical O₂, incipient lethal O₂, DOAAS-₅₀ and P₅₀ and can be directly compared within and across species. While an LOC curve for individual fish represents a start to an ongoing need to seamlessly integrate aerobic to anaerobic capacity assessments in a single, multiplexed respirometry trial, we close with a comparative exploration of some of the known whole-organism anaerobic and aerobic capacity traits to examine for correlations among them and guide the next steps.
Contribution of Multiple Inherited Variants to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in a Family with 3 Affected Siblings
Creators: name: Dhaliwal, Jasleen
name: Qiao, Ying
name: Calli, Kristina
name: Martell, Sally
name: Race, Simone
name: Chijiwa, Chieko
name: Glodjo, Armansa
name: Jones, Steven J. M.
name: Rajcan-Separovic, Evica
name: Scherer, Stephen W.
name: Lewis, Suzanne
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and shows high heritability. However, how inherited variants contribute to ASD in multiplex families remains unclear. Using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in a family with three affected children, we identified multiple inherited DNA variants in ASD-associated genes and pathways (RELN, SHANK2, DLG1, SCN10A, KMT2C and ASH1L). All are shared among the three children, except ASH1L, which is only present in the most severely affected child. The compound heterozygous variants in RELN, and the maternally inherited variant in SHANK2, are considered to be major risk factors for ASD in this family. Both genes are involved in neuron activities, including synaptic functions and the GABAergic neurotransmission system, which are highly associated with ASD pathogenesis. DLG1 is also involved in synapse functions, and KMT2C and ASH1L are involved in chromatin organization. Our data suggest that multiple inherited rare variants, each with a subthreshold and/or variable effect, may converge to certain pathways and contribute quantitatively and additively, or alternatively act via a 2nd-hit or multiple-hits to render pathogenicity of ASD in this family. Additionally, this multiple-hits model further supports the quantitative trait hypothesis of a complex genetic, multifactorial etiology for the development of ASDs.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin dechlorination is differentially enhanced by Dichlorobenzene amendment in Passaic River, NJ sediments
Creators: name: Dean, Rachel K.
name: Fennell, Donna E.
name: Schneider, Cassidy R.
name: Almnehlawi, Haider S.
name: Dawson, Katherine S.
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Dioxin
PCDD
2,3,7,8-TeCDD
Dehalococcoidia
Complete dechlorination
Organohalide

description: Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) are a class of toxic organic compounds released by a number of industrial processes. Sediments of the Passaic River in New Jersey are contaminated by these compounds. To explore the ability of native organohalide respiring bacteria to dechlorinate PCDDs, we first enriched bacteria from sediments of the Passaic River on two organohalides, trichloroethene (TCE) and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB). We then used these enriched sediment cultures and original, unamended sediment as inoculum in a secondary experiment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TeCDD), 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1,2,3,4-TeCDD), and 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,7-DiCDD) as target organohalides. We observed dechlorination of 1,2,3,4-TeCDD by all inocula, although to different extents. We observed progressive dechlorination of 2,3,7,8-TeCDD only in bottles inoculated with the DCB enrichment culture, and dechlorination of 2,7-DiCDD almost exclusively in bottles inoculated with original, unamended river sediment. Dechlorination of 1,2,3,4-TeCDD was more rapid than that of the other amended congeners. Phylotypes within the class Dehalococcoidia associated with organohalide dechlorination were differentially enriched in DCB versus TCE cultures, indicating that they may play a role in dechlorination of the PCDDs.
Improved treatment of anisotropic scattering in radiation transfer analysis using the finite volume method
Creators: name: Hunter, Brian
name: Guo, Zhixiong
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Radiative heat transfer
Finite Volume Method
Phase Function
Scattering

description: Discretization of the integral anisotropic-scattering term in the equation of radiative transfer will result in two kinds of numerical errors: alterations in scattered energy and asymmetry factor. Though quadrature flexibility with large angular directions and further solid-angle splitting in the finite volume method (FVM) allow for reduction/minimization of these errors, computational efficiency is adversely impacted. A phase-function normalization technique to get rid of these errors is simpler and is applied to the three-dimensional (3-D) FVM for the first time to improve anisotropic radiation transfer computation accuracy and efficiency. FVM results are compared to Monte Carlo and discrete-ordinates method predictions of radiative heat transfer in a cubic enclosure housing a highly anisotropic participating medium. It is found that the FVM results generated using the normalization technique conform accurately to the results of the other two methods with little impact on computational efficiency.
Marine Dispersal Scales Are Congruent over Evolutionary and Ecological Time
Creators: name: Pinsky, Malin L.
name: Saenz-Agudelo, Pablo
name: Salles, Océane C.
name: Almany, Glenn R.
name: Bode, Michael
name: Berumen, Michael L.
name: Andréfouët, Serge
name: Thorrold, Simon R.
name: Jones, Geoffrey P.
name: Planes, Serge
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Population genetics
Connectivity
Isolation by distance
Reef fish
Larvae
Coral reef
Metapopulation
Papua New Guinea

description: The degree to which offspring remain near their parents or disperse widely is critical for understanding population dynamics, evolution, and biogeography, and for designing conservation actions. In the ocean, most estimates suggesting short-distance dispersal are based on direct ecological observations of dispersing individuals, while indirect evolutionary estimates often suggest substantially greater homogeneity among populations. Reconciling these two approaches and their seemingly competing perspectives on dispersal has been a major challenge. Here we show for the first time that evolutionary and ecological measures of larval dispersal can closely agree by using both to estimate the distribution of dispersal distances. In orange clownfish (Amphiprion percula) populations in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea, we found that evolutionary dispersal kernels were 17 km (95% confidence interval: 12–24 km) wide, while an exhaustive set of direct larval dispersal observations suggested kernel widths of 27 km (19–36 km) or 19 km (15–27 km) across two years. The similarity between these two approaches suggests that ecological and evolutionary dispersal kernels can be equivalent, and that the apparent disagreement between direct and indirect measurements can be overcome. Our results suggest that carefully applied evolutionary methods, which are often less expensive, can be broadly relevant for understanding ecological dispersal across the tree of life.
Automated redesign of the NASA P8 hypersonic inlet using numerical optimization
Creators: name: Shukla, Vijay
name: Gelsey, Andrew
name: Schwabacher, Mark
name: Smith, Don
name: Knight, Doyle
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 1995

description: The NASA P8 hypersonic inlet has been redesigned using an automated methodology incorporating a 3-D Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes code, a gradient-based optimizer and artificial intelligence methods. The objective of the redesign is to cancel the cowl shock and the additional cowl-generated compression at the centerbody by appropriate contouring of the centerbody boundary. The original P8 inlet, designed in the early 1970s, was intended to achieve this same objective, but detailed experimental measurements indicated that a substantial reflected shock system was present. We have obtained several different redesigns which achieve approximate cancelation of the cowl shock and additional cowl-generated compression. The choice of the objective function, which is used to drive the optimization, has a significant impact on the final design. Several different formulations for the objective function have been employed, and improvements of 60% to 80% have been achieved.
Khokmat Village's Waterworks Billing Management System
Creators: name: Kittiya Treesuk, Thida Khobmuangham
Publisher: name: MSMIS Thammasat University
Year: 2565
Subjects: Management system for village water supply
Village water supply system
Information system for village water supply

description: Journal of information systems in Business JISB, 8, 1, 25
All together now: disentangling semantics and pragmatics with together in child and adult language
Creators: name: Syrett, Kristen
name: Musolino, Julien
Publisher: name: Taylor and Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: Pragmatics
General semantics

description: The way in which an event is packaged linguistically can be informative about the number of participants in the event and the nature of their participation. At times, however, a sentence is ambiguous, and pragmatic information weighs in to favor one interpretation over another. Whereas adults may readily know how to pick up on such cues to meaning, children – who are generally naïve to such pragmatic nuances – may diverge and access a broader range of interpretations, or one disfavored by adults. A number of cases come to us from a now well established body of research on scalar implicatures and scopal ambiguity. Here, we complement this previous work with a previously uninvestigated example of the semantic-pragmatic divide in language development arising from the interpretation of sentences with pluralities and together. Sentences such as Two boys lifted a block (together) allow for either a Collective or a Distributive interpretation (one pushing event vs. two spatio temporally coordinated events). We show experimentally that children allow both interpretations in sentences with together, whereas adults rule out the Distributive interpretation without further contextual motivation. However, children appear to be guided by their semantics in the readings they access, since they do not allow readings that are semantically barred. We argue that they are unaware of the pragmatic information adults have at their fingertips, such as the conversational implicatures arising from the presence of a modifier, the probability of its occurrence being used to signal a particular interpretation among a set of alternatives, and knowledge of the possible lexical alternatives.
Spillover effects of digital identity for professional identity in digital economy era the case of generation y physicians and nurses in bangkok
Creators: name: Sirikarn Chaiharn, Laddawan Kaewkitipong
Publisher: name: MSMIS Thammasat University
Year: 2565
Subjects: Social media identity
Professional identity
Physician and nurse

description: Journal of information systems in Business JISB, 8, 1, 35
Spondylis buprestoides
Creators: name: Torrella, Pablo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Spondylis
Spondylis buprestoides

description: Spondylis buprestoides (Linnaeus, 1758)
  Especie eurosiberiana presente en toda la Península Ibérica, que en Galicia está citada de las cuatro provincias gallegas (GONZÁLEZ PEÑA et al., 2007). Suele criar en coníferas de los géneros Pinus y Abies, por lo que es coṁn encontrarla en las inmediaciones de este tipo de formaciones. Aparece a pleno sol en los meses de verano, tanto volando como posada en troncos o en el suelo (obs. pers.).
  Esta especie figura en la IUCN Red List como de “ Preocupación menor ” por presentar una población de tendencia creciente y tamaño muy grande (DODELIN et al., 2017h).
 Material revisado:
 A CORUÑA: Mandiá, Ferrol, 27-X-1985, 1 ♂ (CGL), Invent. MHN-SGHN: IN0745F00; Montecoruto, Ferrol , 5-VI-1993, 1 ♀ (PPC), Invent. MHN-SGHN: IN0743F00; A Cabana, Ferrol , 7-IX-2006, 1 ♂ (ALV), Invent. MHN-SGHN: IN0939F00 .
description: Published as part of Torrella, Pablo, 2023, Cerambycidae Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera) de Galicia en la colección entomológica del Museo de Historia Natural de la SGHN (Ferrol, Galicia, España), pp. 219-244 in Arquivos Entomolóxicos 26 on page 222, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13245598
The Orientation and Training of New Librarians for Business Information
Creators: name: Womack, Ryan
Publisher: name: Haworth Press
Year: 2008
Subjects: Training and development
Business reference
Reference services (Libraries)
Busines libraries--Reference services
Core competencies

description: Both new business librarians and non-business librarians serving business needs require training and orientation to the unique aspects of business librarianship. Formal training programs can be devised to raise competencies in providing core business information services. Given the pace of change, such programs must emphasize flexible and adaptable approaches to finding information, rather than reliance on specific sources. Trends in the business information environment will likely favor greater use of just-in-time training and knowledge databases.
Automating Software Documentation
Creators: name: Souvaine, Diane
name: Paendorf, Karen
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 1998

description: This paper describes automating the documentation of a software control structure. The code is preprocessed to take the form of directed graphs. The following tools are used for drawing the directed graphs: DaVinci, Graphlet, Graphviz, and VCG. The tools are described and compared.
The effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on endurance exercise performance and cardiorespiratory measures in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Gao, Chloe
name: Gupta, Saurabh
name: Adli, Taranah
name: Hou, Winston
name: Coolsaet, Reid
name: Hayes, Abigail
name: Kim, Kevin
name: Pandey, Arjun
name: Gordon, Jacob
name: Chahil, Gurneet
name: Belley-Cote, Emilie P.
name: Whitlock, Richard P.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2021

description: Background Nitrate supplementation is thought to improve performance in endurance sports. Objective To meta-analyze studies evaluating the effect of nitrate supplementation on endurance sports performance among adults. Data sources We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINAHL without language restrictions. Methods We included studies that: 1) compared nitrate supplementation with placebo; 2) enrolled adults engaging in an endurance-based activity; and 3) reported a performance measure or surrogate physiologic outcome. We evaluated risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration tool and pooled data with a random-effects model. We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to evaluate confidence in estimates. Results We included 73 studies (n = 1061). Nitrate supplementation improved power output (MD 4.6 watts, P < 0.0001), time to exhaustion (MD 25.3 s, P < 0.00001), and distance travelled (MD 163.7 m, P = 0.03). We found no significant difference on perceived exertion, time trial performance and work done. Nitrate supplementation decreased VO₂ (MD − 0.04 L/min, P < 0.00001) but had no significant effect on VO₂ₘₐₓ or blood lactate levels. Conclusion The available evidence suggests that dietary nitrate supplementation benefits performance-related outcomes for endurance sports.
MTCP: transport layer support for highly available network services
Creators: name: Srinivasan, Kiran
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2001

description: We propose a transport layer protocol designed for building highly available Internet network services. The transport layer protocol would provide a mechanism to transparently migrate the server endpoint of a live connection. The connection migration is dynamic and can happen multiple times during a client-service session. Our migration mechanism is client-initiated, integrated in a migration architecture that uniformly addresses various types of events that affect the quality of service perceived by the client. In the architecture, the migration mechanism is independent and decoupled from any migration policies. The migration mechanism can be applied for different contexts like server load balancing, to provide fault tolerance across server crashes, to improve the performance as perceived by the client etc. We examine and address a number of challenges posed by the transfer of connection state required for a connection migration to both the OS and the application layer. We describe the details of our design and an implementation, as well as experimental data that suggests the usefulness of this approach.
Arhopalus ferus
Creators: name: Torrella, Pablo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Arhopalus
Arhopalus ferus

description: Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant, 1839)
  Especie paleártica presente en toda la Península Ibérica (GONZÁLEZ PEÑA et al., 2007), muy coṁn en pinares que presentan ejemplares de gran porte, donde cría. En Galicia está citada de las cuatro provincias (L̎ PEZ-VAAMONDE et al., 2000). Alġn autor recoge esta especie como dañina para el maderamen de las viviendas a mediados del s. XX (URQUIJO, 1956). Los individuos de esta especie acuden a la luz por las noches mientras que suelen camuflarse en las horas centrales del día introduciéndose en posición vertical en las hendiduras de la corteza de pinos de gran tamaño, escondiéndose así de sus depredadores (obs. pers.).
  En la IUCN Red List estA especie FigurA como de “ Preocupación menor ” Al mostrAr unA tendenciA creciente en sus poblaciones a causa de las repoblaciones de pino (DODELIN et al., 2017d).
 Material revisado:
 A CORUÑA: Piñeiral das Cabazas, Covas, Ferrol, 2-IX-2018, 1 ex. atraído a la luz (PT). LUGO: San Cibrao, Cervo, IX-1986, 1 ♀ (CGL), Invent. MHN-SGHN: IN0942F00; A Fonsagrada , 20-VI-2017, 1 ♂ (AO); 1-VIII-2019, 1 ♂ (AO).
description: Published as part of Torrella, Pablo, 2023, Cerambycidae Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera) de Galicia en la colección entomológica del Museo de Historia Natural de la SGHN (Ferrol, Galicia, España), pp. 219-244 in Arquivos Entomolóxicos 26 on page 222, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13245598
Welcome to the revolution : COVID-19 and the democratization of spatial-temporal data
Creators: name: Koch, Tom
Publisher: name: Cell Press
Year: 2021

description: On January 22, 2020, Johns Hopkins University launched its online COVID-19 dashboard to track in real time what began in December as the regional outbreak of a novel coronavirus first identified in Wuhan, China. The dashboard and its format were quickly adopted by other organizations, making global, national, and regional data on the pandemic available to all. The wealth of data freely offered in this way was collected by syndromic programs whose precise algorithms search official and popular sources for data on COVID-19 and other diseases. The dashboard signals a new phase in the maturation of the ‘‘digital revolution’’ from paper resources and, in their popular employ, a ‘‘democratizion’’ of data and their presentation. This perspective thus uses the COVID-19 experience as an example of the effect of this digital revolution on both expert and popular audiences. Understanding it permits a broader perspective on not simply the pandemic but also the cultural and socioeconomic context in which it has occurred.
The effect of class distribution on classifier learning: an empirical study
Creators: name: Weiss, Gary M.
name: Provost, Foster
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2001

description: In this article we analyze the effect of class distribution on classifier learning. We begin by describing the different ways in which class distribution affects learning and how it affects the evaluation of learned classifiers. We then present the results of two comprehensive experimental studies. The first study compares the performance of classifiers generated from unbalanced data sets with the performance of classifiers generated from balanced versions of the same data sets. This comparison allows us to isolate and quantify the effect that the training set's class distribution has on learning and contrast the performance of the classifiers on the minority and majority classes. The second study assesses what distribution is "best" for training, with respect to two performance measures: classification accuracy and the area under the ROC curve (AUC). A tacit assumption behind much research on classifier induction is that the class distribution of the training data should match the "natural" distribution of the data. This study shows that the naturally occurring class distribution often is not best for learning, and often substantially better performance can be obtained by using a different class distribution. Understanding how classifier performance is affected by class distribution can help practitioners to choose training data--in real-world situations the number of training examples often must be limited due to computational costs or the costs associated with procuring and preparing the data.
Polychlorinated biphenyls in pigments: inadvertent production and environmental significance
Creators: name: Rodenburg, Lisa
name: Guo, Jia
name: Christie, Robert
Publisher: name: Society of Dyers and Colourists
Year: 2015
Subjects: Pigment
PCB
Persistent

description: Polychlorobiphenyls are toxic, bioaccumulative, and persistent chemicals whose intentional manufacture has been banned throughout the developed world. Polychlorobiphenyls may be generated inadvertently during the production of certain pigments, including diarylides. This inadvertent production is allowed under various regulatory schemes, such as the Toxic Substances Control Act in the United States and the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Generally, these regulations require polychlorobiphenyl levels in batches of pigment to be less than certain regulatory limits, usually 50 ppm. A growing body of evidence suggests that the use of pigments is dispersing polychlorobiphenyls throughout the environment. Polychlorobiphenyl congeners associated with pigments have been found throughout the United States in sediments and in surface waters at levels exceeding the prevailing water quality standards. A recent Japanese government study reported measured polychlorobiphenyl concentrations well above 50 ppm in several commercial batches of azo pigments. A strong case may thus be argued that pigment manufacturers should modify existing production processes to reduce, ideally prevent, the formation of polychlorobiphenyls, or develop new pigments that a collaboration involving environmental scientists (LR and JG) and a pigment chemist (RC), reviews the evidence for environmental contamination from inadvertent polychlorobiphenyl production in specific pigments, together with a rationalisation of the conclusions based on the reaction mechanisms involved in their manufacture. Broad measures are proposed that might address these issues, both from environmental and from chemical perspectives.
Latino Employment and Residential Segregation in Metropolitan Labor Markets
Creators: name: von Lockette, Niki T. Dickerson
name: Johnson, Jacqueline
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2010
Subjects: Latino or Hispanic
Residential Segregation
Employment
Metropolitan Labor Markets
Racial Stratification
Racial Inequality
Discrimination in housing
Employment (Economic theory)
Race discrimination
Segregation
Hispanic Americans

description: The spatial configuration of minorities relative to Whites in a metropolitan area, or residential segregation, has been identified as a significant barrier to access to employment opportunities for racial/ethnic minorities, including Latinos, in metropolitan labor markets. Dominating the research are tests of place stratification models that focus on segregated ethnic enclaves or the mismatch between minority communities and employment opportunities. Both approaches focus on predominantly Latino neighborhoods and communities, but overlook their structural location and isolation in the broader metropolitan labor market. This study examines whether and to what extent structural characteristics of metropolitan labor markets in which Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Cubans live and work shape their employment opportunities and whether or not these relationships vary across the three Latino native-origin groups. We utilize a unique dataset of the demographic, employment, educational, occupational, and industrial characteristics of the 95 largest US cities. The analyses feature both OLS regression to ascertain if varying levels of segregation across metropolitan areas in 2000 is associated with different levels of employment for Latinos, and a fixed-effects analysis to determine if changes in these structural factors between 1980 and 2000 within the same labor market affect the employment rates of Latinos in that metropolitan area. We find that segregation has a deleterious effect on Latino men’s employment; in cities where segregation is worse, their employment rates are lower, and as the cities that they live in became more segregated over the 20 year period of study, their employment rates decreased.
The use of artificial intelligence to improve the numerical optimization of complex engineering designs
Creators: name: Schwabacher, Mark
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 1996

description: Gradient-based numerical optimization of complex engineering designs promises to produce better designs rapidly. However, such methods generally assume that the objective function and constraint functions are continuous, smooth, and defined everywhere. Unfortunately, realistic simulators tend to violate these assumptions. We present several artificial intelligence-based techniques for improving the numerical optimization of complex engineering designs in the presence of such pathologies in the simulators. We have tested the resulting system in several realistic engineering domains, and have found that using our techniques can greatly decrease the cost of design space search, and can also increase the quality of the resulting designs.
Effects of green HRM and CEO ethical leadership on organizations’ environmental performance
Creators: name: Ren, Shuang
name: Tang, Guiyao
name: Jackson, Susan E.
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Environmental sustainability
Green human resource management
Upper echelons
Resource-based theory
Ethical leadership

description: This study proposes and tests a model grounded in resource-based theory to describe how the formal rules embedded in an organization’s green human resource management (GHRM) combine with informal cues communicated by members of the firm’s upper echelon, including the CEO and members of the top management team (TMT), to affect a firm’s environmental performance. Multi-source data were collected from 240 human resource managers, chief financial officers and CEOs in 80 firms. The results show that CEO ethical leadership moderates the positive relationship between GHRM and TMT green commitment, which in turn mediates the relationship between GHRM and firms’ environmental performance. Originality/value – The tested importance of CEO ethical leadership as an organizational condition that amplifies the effectiveness of strategically aligned HRM systems offers new theoretical insights to advance HRM scholarship.
Recent Progress in Nanotechnology for COVID-19 Prevention, Diagnostics and Treatment
Creators: name: Rasmi, Yousef
name: Saloua, Kouass Sahbani
name: Nemati, Mahdieh
name: Choi, Jane Ru
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021

description: The COVID-19 pandemic is currently an unprecedented public health threat. The rapid spread of infections has led to calls for alternative approaches to combat the virus. Nanotechnology is taking root against SARS-CoV-2 through prevention, diagnostics and treatment of infections. In light of the escalating demand for managing the pandemic, a comprehensive review that highlights the role of nanomaterials in the response to the pandemic is highly desirable. This review article comprehensively discusses the use of nanotechnology for COVID-19 based on three main categories: prevention, diagnostics and treatment. We first highlight the use of various nanomaterials including metal nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles for COVID-19. We critically review the benefits of nanomaterials along with their applications in personal protective equipment, vaccine development, diagnostic device fabrication and therapeutic approaches. The remaining key challenges and future directions of nanomaterials for COVID-19 are briefly discussed. This review is very informative and helpful in providing guidance for developing nanomaterial-based products to fight against COVID-19.
Enhanced absorption of solar energy in a daylighting louver with Ni-water nanofluid
Creators: name: Cai, Yaomin
name: Nan, Yi
name: Guo, Zhixiong
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Nanofluid
Nickel
Water
Illumination
Radiation Heat Transfer
Solar Energy

description: It is well known that addition of some nanoparticles (NPs) to a base fluid can enhance solar radiation absorption; however, its influence on simultaneous solar energy harvesting and daylighting is seldom studied. Water is nearly transparent to visible (VIS) light but highly absorbing of ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR). It is necessary to examine the performance of water-based nanofluid in a glass louver for dual purpose – illumination and energy harvesting. First, we investigated the absorption and scattering efficiencies of NPs commonly used in solar energy research including Ni, SiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, TiO2 and ZnO; and found that Ni NPs are the most desirable because they have an excellent balance between UV and IR absorption and VIS transmission. Then the spectral coefficients of absorption and scaled isotropic scattering with different NP sizes and concentrations in Ni-water nanofluids were scrutinized. Results show that the higher the NP size or concentration is, the higher are the absorption and scaled isotropic scattering coefficients. A dilute 0.00004 vol% Ni-water nanofluid with particle diameter of 80 nm was found to absorb more solar energy and provide required daylighting. Under AM1.5 model, a glass louver filled with such a nanofluid can transmit 46.5% solar VIS for daylighting and harvest 65.7% of the total solar energy, which is a 25.9% increase as compared to pure water.
Mapping shifts in spatial synchrony in grassland birds to inform conservation planning
Creators: name: Allen, Michael C.
name: Lockwood, Julie L.
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2021
Subjects: agricultura
cambio mundial
coherence
cohesión
dinámicas poblacionales
fluctuaciones
fluctuations
pastizales
population dynamics
Agriculture
Global Change
Grasslands

description: Spatial synchrony, defined as the correlated fluctuations in abundance of spatially separated populations, can be caused by regional fluctuations in natural and anthropogenic environmental population drivers. Investigations into the geography of synchrony can provide useful insight to inform conservation planning efforts by revealing regions of common population drivers and metapopulation extinction vulnerability. We examined the geography of spatial synchrony and decadal changes in these patterns for grassland birds in the United States and Canada, which are experiencing widespread and persistent population declines. We used Bayesian hierarchical models and over 50 years of abundance data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey to generate population indices within a 2° latitude by 2° longitude grid. We computed and mapped mean local spatial synchrony for each cell (mean detrended correlation of the index among neighboring cells), along with associated uncertainty, for 19 species in 2, 26‐year periods, 1968–1993 and 1994–2019. Grassland birds were predicted to increase in spatial synchrony where agricultural intensification, climate change, or interactions between the 2 increased. We found no evidence of an overall increase in synchrony among grassland bird species. However, based on the geography of these changes, there was considerable spatial heterogeneity within species. Averaging across species, we identified clusters of increasing spatial synchrony in the Prairie Pothole and Shortgrass Prairie regions and a region of decreasing spatial synchrony in the eastern United States. Our approach has the potential to inform continental‐scale conservation planning by adding an additional layer of relevant information to species status assessments and spatial prioritization of policy and management actions. Our work adds to a growing literature suggesting that global change may result in shifting patterns of spatial synchrony in population dynamics across taxa with broad implications for biodiversity conservation.
Pedagogical Questions in Parent-Child Conversations
Creators: name: Yu, Yue
name: Bonawitz, Elizabeth
name: Shafto, Patrick
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Child
Conversation
Data base
DNA transcription
Family study
Father
Female
Human
Learning
Major clinical study
Male
Preschool child

description: Questioning is a core component of formal pedagogy. Parents commonly question children, but do they use questions to teach? This article defines "pedagogical questions" as questions for which the questioner already knows the answer and intended to help the questionee learn. Transcripts of parent-child conversations were collected from the CHILDES database to examine the frequency and distribution of pedagogical questions. Analysis of 2,166 questions from 166 mother-child dyads and 64 father-child dyads (child's age between 2 and 6 years) showed that pedagogical questions are commonplace during day‐to‐day parent-child conversations and vary based on child's age, family environment, and historical era. The results serve as a first step toward understanding the role of parent-child questions in facilitating children's learning.
Constant propagation through array variables
Creators: name: Wonnacott, David
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Constant propagation
Dead code elimination
Forward substitution
Static analysis
Value-based array dependences

description: Constant propagation and provide significant improvements in program speed, both by directly enabling optimizations such as constant folding and algebraic simplification and by providing information that in- releases the effectiveness of other compile-time analyses. This technique has generally not been applied to arrays, as it relies on information about the ow of values, but standard array analysis produces only memory aliasing information. The development of techniques for analyzing the ow of values in array variables raises the possibility of applying constant propagation (as well as other traditional value-based scalar analyses and optimizations) to values in arrays. In the use of constant propagation, an analysis may benet from an extension of our definition of what constitutes a constant. In this work, we propose a definition of the constant array that subsumes those used for scalar and in previous work on constant propagation for arrays. We then show that this definition lets us perform analysis of arrays that fall outside the domain of previous work on constant propagation. We also discuss generalizations of dead code elimination and forward substitution.
What is Love? The Materiality of Care in Ghanaian Transnational Families
Creators: name: Coe, Cati
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2011

description: In the West, economics and intimacy are assumed to occupy separate – even antithetical – domains. In Ghanaian family life, however, affection is understood to be expressed through the distribution of material resources across generations and a person’s life cycle. Such an understanding of love means that migrant parents who leave their children behind in Ghana can continue to be good parents by sending remittances, and, in fact, may be considered better parents than caregivers who stay and are poorer. This construction of love also means that children tend to attach themselves to more financially secure caregivers over those with fewer economic opportunities — to men in favour of women, to those abroad over those in Ghana. It is precisely because love is signaled through material exchanges that children long to be with parental migrants far away who support them and feel abandoned by those parents who do not. The intertwining of economic and emotional ties in Ghanaian transnational families has significant implications for policy, as discussed in the conclusion.
Cerambyx (Microcerambyx) scopolii subsp. scopolii Fuessly 1775
Creators: name: Torrella, Pablo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Cerambyx
Cerambyx scopolii
Cerambyx (microcerambyx) scopolii scopolii fuessly, 1775

description: Cerambyx (Microcerambyx) scopolii scopolii Fuessly, 1775
  Especie holomediterránea, más coṁn en los dos tercios septentrionales peninsulares (GONZÁLEZ PEÑA et al., 2007). En Galicia está citada de las cuatro provincias (L̎ PEZ-VAAMONDE et al., 2000). A partir de nuestras observaciones personales destacamos el hecho de que en el noroeste de Galicia es habitual que críe en la madera de viejos frutales de gran porte del genéro Prunus, como cerezos, manzanos o perales. A este respecto, cabe destacar también el hecho de haber obtenido varios ejemplares a partir de restos leñosos de castaño recogidos en Esmelle (Ferrol). En los días soleados resulta coṁn encontrar adultos activos en flores de frutales o sobre apiáceas.
  En unA considerAción relAtiVAmente AntiguA, estA especie FigurA como de “ Preocupación menor ” en la IUCN Red List, con una evolución estable en sus poblaciones europeas (NIETO et al., 2010a).
 Material revisado:
 A CORUÑA: Sigüeiro, Oroso, 11-VII-1988, 1 ♂ (CGL). LUGO: Naraxa, A Fonsagrada , 25-V-2020, 1 ex. (restos depredados por ave) (AO).
description: Published as part of Torrella, Pablo, 2023, Cerambycidae Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera) de Galicia en la colección entomológica del Museo de Historia Natural de la SGHN (Ferrol, Galicia, España), pp. 219-244 in Arquivos Entomolóxicos 26 on pages 222-223, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13245598
On Boundedness of Semistable Sheaves
Creators: name: Langer, Adrian
Publisher: name: Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung
Year: 2022

description: We give a new simple proof of boundedness of the family of semistable sheaves with fixed numerical invariants on a fixed smooth projective variety. In characteristic zero our method gives a quick proof of Bogomolov's inequality for semistable sheaves on a smooth projective variety of any dimension $\ge 2$ without using any restriction theorems.
description: DOCUMENTA MATHEMATICA, Vol 27 (2022), p. 1-16
Another Bridge across the Access to Justice Gap: LII’s Virtual Reference Desk
Creators: name: Schneider, Charlotte D.
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Legal Information Institute
LII
Free law
Access to justice
Access to information
Reference
Reference desk
Virtual reference
Legal information

description: The Legal Information Institute (LII) has been at the forefront of access to justice for 25 years as the first organization to publish online the United States Code. More than just publishing the law online, the LII has been leader in helping people find and understand the law since 1992, through innovative technologies they've created or employed for use with their collections, and through partnerships with other like-minded organizations, groups, and individuals. Two decades later, the LII was inspired to help more people trying to find and understand the law. This summer will mark the third anniversary of the LII's virtual Reference Desk.
Intelligent Gradient-Based Search of Incompletely Defined Design Spaces
Creators: name: Gelsey, Andrew
name: Schwabacher, Mark
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 1996

description: Gradient-based numerical optimization of complex engineering designs offers the promise of rapidly producing better designs. However, such methods generally assume that the ob jective function and constraint functions are continuous, smooth, and de- ned everywhere. Unfortunately, realistic simulators tend to violate these assumptions. We present a knowledge- based technique for intelligently computing gradients in the presence of such pathologies in the simulators, and show how this gradient computation method can be used as part of a gradient-based numerical optimization system. We tested the resulting system in the domain of conceptual design of supersonic transport aircraft, and found that using knowledge-based gradients can decrease the cost of design space search by one or more orders of magnitude.