cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An Extended action for the effective field theory of dark energy: a stability analysis and a complete guide to the mapping at the basis of EFTCAMB
Creators: name: Frusciante, Noemi
name: Papadomanolakis, Georgios
name: Silvestri, Alessandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a generalization of the effective field theory (EFT) formalism for dark energy and modified gravity models to include operators with higher order spatial derivatives. This allows the extension of the EFT framework to a wider class of gravity theories such as Horava gravity. We present the corresponding extended action, both in the EFT and the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) formalism, and proceed to work out a convenient mapping between the two, providing a self contained and general procedure to translate a given model of gravity into the EFT language at the basis of the Einstein-Boltzmann solver EFTCAMB. Putting this mapping at work, we illustrate, for several interesting models of dark energy and modified gravity, how to express them in the ADM notation and then map them into the EFT formalism. We also provide for the first time, the full mapping of GLPV models into the EFT framework. We next perform a thorough analysis of the physical stability of the generalized EFT action, in absence of matter components. We work out viability conditions that correspond to the absence of ghosts and modes that propagate with a negative speed of sound in the scalar and tensor sector, as well as the absence of tachyonic modes in the scalar sector. Finally, we extend and generalize the phenomenological basis in terms of $α$-functions introduced to parametrize Horndeski models, to cover all theories with higher order spatial derivatives included in our extended action. We elaborate on the impact of the additional functions on physical quantities, such as the kinetic term and the speeds of propagation for scalar and tensor modes.
description: 36 pages, matches published version, typos corrected
Nonlinear and Linearized Models in Thermoviscoelasticity
Creators: name: Badal, Rufat
name: Friedrich, Manuel
name: Kružík, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 74D05, 74D10, 74A15, 35A15, 35Q74

description: We consider a quasistatic nonlinear model in thermoviscoelasticity at a finite-strain setting in the Kelvin-Voigt rheology where both the elastic and viscous stress tensors comply with the principle of frame indifference under rotations. The force balance is formulated in the reference configuration by resorting to the concept of nonsimple materials whereas the heat transfer equation is governed by the Fourier law in the deformed configurations. Weak solutions are obtained by means of a staggered in-time discretization where the deformation and the temperature are updated alternatingly. Our result refines a recent work by Mielke & Roub\'ıček [arXiv:1903.11094] since our approximation does not require any regularization of the viscosity term. Afterwards, we focus on the case of deformations near the identity and small temperatures, and we show by a rigorous linearization procedure that weak solutions of the nonlinear system converge in a suitable sense to solutions of a system in linearized thermoviscoelasticity. The same property holds for time-discrete approximations and we provide a corresponding commutativity result.
Soft X-Ray Imaging of Earth's Dayside Magnetosheath and Cusps Using Hybrid Simulations
Creators: name: Ng, J.
name: Walsh, B.M.
name: Chen, L.-J.
name: Omelchenko, Y.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023
Subjects: dayside
soft X-ray
hybrid simulation
kinetic physics

description: Interactions between solar wind ions and neutral hydrogen atoms in Earth's exosphere can lead to the emission of soft X-rays. Upcoming missions such as SMILE and LEXI aim to use soft X-ray imaging to study the global structure of the magnetosphere. Although the magnetosheath and dayside magnetopause can often be driven by kinetic physics, it has typically been omitted from fluid simulations used to predict X-ray emissions. We study the possible results of soft X-ray imaging using hybrid simulations under quasi-radial interplanetary magnetic fields, where ion-ion instabilities drive ultra-low frequency foreshock waves, leading to turbulence in the magnetosheath, affecting the dynamics of the cusp and magnetopause. We simulate soft X-ray emission to determine what may be seen by missions such as LEXI, and evaluate the possibility of identifying kinetic structures. While kinetic structures are visible in high-cadence imaging, current instruments may not have the time resolution to discern kinetic signals.
Patient-Reported Outcomes in Children with Chronic Disease
Creators: name: Arvanitis, Marina
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Background and Objective: Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is system of patient-reported outcomes questionnaires, which measures domains of physical, mental and social health. We evaluated the criterion validity and responsiveness of PROMIS in a web-based cohort of children with Crohn's Disease (CD). Methods: We recruited dyads of parents and children, age 9 to 17, with CD from the web-based Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America Kids & Teens Study cohort. Upon entry into the cohort and 6 months later, children self-reported CD activity, health-related quality of life and PROMIS domains of Pain Interference, Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue and Peer Relationships. Results: Mean PROMIS scores for the 276 participating dyads were worse among those with worse self-reported CD activity (per Short CD Activity Index, p<0.005 for all), CD activity in the prior 6 months (per Manitoba Index, p<0.01 for all) and health related quality of life (per IMPACT-35, p<0.001 for all). One hundred seventeen dyads completed follow-up questionnaires, 75% of whom reported stable disease activity. Those with improved CD activity reported improved PROMIS scores, and those with worsened CD activity reported worse PROMIS scores for all domains except Anxiety. All participants reported improved Anxiety from baseline, but those with stable or worsened CD activity reported less improvement (p=0.07). Conclusions:P ROMIS scores were significantly associated with known groups of CD activity in a linear and clinically meaningful manner, and responded to change in CD activity over a 6-month period. This supports the criterion validity and responsiveness of pediatric PROMIS.
title: Study of Radiological Imaging Cost Awareness
Creators: name: Giambrone, Yasmin
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Workforce
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Education and training
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cost-effectiveness
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Professional issues
subject: Management

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To determine the cost awareness of common radiological investigations among referrers in a major London acute trust. To quantify the extent by which referrers under- or over-estimate imaging tariffs. To identify variations and potential differences...
Heat Fluctuations in Chemically Active Systems
Creators: name: Mabillard, Joël
name: Weber, Christoph A.
name: Jülicher, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chemically active systems such as living cells are maintained out of thermal equilibrium due to chemical events which generate heat and lead to active fluctuations. A key question is to understand on which time and length scales active fluctuations dominate thermal fluctuations. Here, we formulate a stochastic field theory with Poisson white noise to describe the heat fluctuations which are generated by stochastic chemical events and lead to active temperature fluctuations. We find that on large length and time scales, active fluctuations always dominate thermal fluctuations. However, at intermediate length and time scales, multiple crossovers exist which highlight the different characteristics of active and thermal fluctuations. Our work provides a framework to characterize fluctuations in active systems and reveals that local equilibrium holds at certain length and time scales.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Intervention Effects in Palestinian Arabic: How Question Formation Becomes Degraded
Creators: name: Braun, Julia
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Linguistik , Semantik , Arabisch , Semitische Sprachen , Feldforschung
subject: 400
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: Semantics
subject: Fieldwork
subject: Semitic Languages
subject: Arabic

description: This paper provides novel results from semantic fieldwork on Palestinian Arabic (PA) on intervention effects. Theoretically, intervention effects can arise in simple and multiple wh- questions, in alternative questions and in scope marking constructions. It will be clarified why this is the case and why PA only exhibits effects in the latter two. Based on the empirical findings, it will be argued that grammaticality is not a binary phenomenon and that intervention effects, rather than turning a grammatical target sentence into an ungrammatical one, downgrade the judgements but do not necessarily make the target sentence ungrammatical. In this sense, intervention effects do exist, but the effect might not be as strong as predicted by the current theory.
An ultra-luminous quasar at z=5.363 with a ten billion solar mass black hole and a Metal-Rich DLA at z~5
Creators: name: Wang, Feige
name: Wu, Xue-Bing
name: Fan, Xiaohui
name: Yang, Jinyi
name: Cai, Zheng
name: Yi, Weimin
name: Zuo, Wenwen
name: Wang, Ran
name: McGreer, Ian D.
name: Ho, Luis C.
name: Kim, Minjin
name: Yang, Qian
name: Bian, Fuyan
name: Jiang, Linhua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of an ultra-luminous quasar J030642.51+185315.8 (hereafter J0306+1853) at redshift 5.363, which hosts a super-massive black hole (SMBH) with $M_{BH} = (1.07 \pm 0.27) \times10^{10}~M_\odot$. With an absolute magnitude $M_{1450}=-28.92$ and bolometric luminosity $L_{bol}\sim3.4\times10^{14} L_{\odot}$, J0306+1853 is one of the most luminous objects in the early Universe. It is not likely to be a beamed source based on its small flux variability, low radio loudness and normal broad emission lines. In addition, a $z=4.986$ Damped Ly$α$ system (DLA) with $\rm [M/H]=-1.3\pm0.1$, among the most metal rich DLAs at $z \gtrsim 5$, is detected in the absorption spectrum of this quasar. This ultra-luminous quasar puts strong constraint on the bright-end of quasar luminosity function and massive-end of black hole mass function. It will provide a unique laboratory to the study of BH growth and the co-evolution between BH and host galaxy with multi-wavelength follow-up observations. The future high resolution spectra will give more insights to the DLA and other absorption systems along the line-of-sight of J0306+1853.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
PION: Simulations of Wind-Blown Nebulae
Creators: name: Mackey, Jonathan
name: Green, Samuel
name: Moutzouri, Maria
name: Haworth, Thomas J.
name: Kavanagh, Robert D.
name: Celeste, Maggie
name: Brose, Robert
name: Zargaryan, Davit
name: O'Rourke, Ciarán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an overview of PION, an open-source software project for solving radiation-magnetohydrodynamics equations on a nested grid, aimed at modelling asymmetric nebulae around massive stars. A new implementation of hybrid OpenMP/MPI parallel algorithms is briefly introduced, and improved scaling is demonstrated compared with the current release version. Three-dimensional simulations of an expanding nebula around a Wolf-Rayet star are then presented and analysed, similar to previous 2D simulations in the literature. The evolution of the emission measure of the gas and the X-ray surface brightness are calculated as a function of time, and some qualitative comparison with observations is made.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, conference proceedings, IAUS362: The predictive power of computational astrophysics as discovery tool (D. Bisikalo, T. Hanawa, C. Boily, J. Stone, eds.)
Erinnerung und kulturelle Identität
Creators: name: Sahan, Sevval
name: Tiryaki, Beyza
name: Misiroglu, Eda
name: Hmouda, Ines
name: Höhs, Johanna
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Psychological Phenomena and Processes

description: Der Effekt der kulturellen Identität im Kontext von Individualismus und Kollektivismus auf Enkodierungsprozesse
title: Variants of Pancreatic Duct Anatomy
Creators: name: Abdulkarim, Jamal
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Pathology
subject: Normal variants
subject: MR
subject: Pancreas

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The aim of this poster is todescribe a ‘V shaped pancreas’, a pancreatic anomaly we have encountered not previously described in humans. We will also review the embryologic development and normal anatomy of the pancreas and pancreatic ducts and...
Egophoric Attitudes and Questions in Kathmandu Newar
Creators: name: Wechsler, Stephen
name: Hargreaves, David
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Linguistik , Semantik , Feldforschung , Sinotibetische Sprachen
subject: 400
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: Semantics
subject: Fieldwork
subject: Sino-Tibetan Languages
subject: Newar

description: Kathmandu Newar (Sino-Tibetan) has an egophoric verb marking system: an egophoric (or conjunct) verb form co-occurs with first person in declaratives and second person in inter- rogatives. Egophoric marking is restricted to predicates of intentional action and also interacts with evidential markers. This paper examines the distribution of egophoric marking in reports of speech and attitudes, extending to this domain the analysis of egophoric marking as indicating self-ascription by the epistemic authority for the utterance. This distribution reveals that egophoric marking of a clause further introduces an implication that the epistemic authority believes the proposition denoted by the clause.
Land-cover and land-use change trajectory hopping facilitates estate-crop expansion into protected forests in Indonesia
Creators: name: Xin, Yu
name: Sun, Laixiang
name: Hansen, Matthew C.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023
Subjects: deforestation
estate-crop expansion
Indonesia
multistate modeling
protected area

description: Protected areas (PAs) have been regarded as a critical strategy to protect natural forest (NF) and biodiversity. Estate-crop expansion is an important driver of deforestation in Indonesia. Yet, little is known regarding the temporal dynamics of PA effectiveness in preventing estate-crop expansion into NF. We employ Cox proportional hazard models and their extensions to characterize the dynamics of estate-crop expansion into NF in Indonesia during 1996–2015. The results show that PA effectiveness in Sumatra decreased over time and became insignificant in 2012–2015. A multistate modeling analysis shows that hopping in land-cover and land-use change (LCLUC) trajectories with shrub and/or bare ground as intermediates has decreased PA effectiveness and facilitated the expansion. Preventing LCLUC trajectory hopping becomes crucial to biodiversity conservation because it tends to occur at lowland forest, diminishing natural habitat area and increasing NF isolation.
How do Degrees Enter the Grammar? Language Change in Samoan from [-DSP] to [+DSP]
Creators: name: Hohaus, Vera
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Linguistik , Semantik , Feldforschung , Polynesische Sprachen
subject: 400
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: Semantics
subject: Fieldwork
subject: Austronesian
subject: Polynesian
subject: Samoan

description: The paper presents the result of a diachronic corpus study on Samoan, tracing a recent change in the setting of the Degree Semantics Parameter (Beck et al. 2009). We suggest that an earlier stage, Samoan had a negative setting of said parameter. Appropriation of another scalar concept then paved the way for the introduction of degrees into the grammar. Lexical and syntactic re-analysis of the directional particle [atu] (‘forth, away’) result in a new parameter setting.
The infra-red luminosities of ~332,000 SDSS galaxies predicted from artificial neural networks and the Herschel Stripe 82 survey
Creators: name: Ellison, Sara L.
name: Teimoorinia, Hossein
name: Rosario, David J.
name: Mendel, J. Trevor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The total infra-red (IR) luminosity (L_IR) can be used as a robust measure of a galaxy's star formation rate (SFR), even in the presence of an active galactic nucleus (AGN), or when optical emission lines are weak. Unfortunately, existing all sky far-IR surveys, such as the Infra-red Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) and AKARI, are relatively shallow and are biased towards the highest SFR galaxies and lowest redshifts. More sensitive surveys with the Herschel Space Observatory are limited to much smaller areas. In order to construct a large sample of L_IR measurements for galaxies in the nearby universe, we employ artificial neural networks (ANNs), using 1136 galaxies in the Herschel Stripe 82 sample as the training set. The networks are validated using two independent datasets (IRAS and AKARI) and demonstrated to predict the L_IR with a scatter sigma ~ 0.23 dex, and with no systematic offset. Importantly, the ANN performs well for both star-forming galaxies and those with an AGN. A public catalog is presented with our L_IR predictions which can be used to determine SFRs for 331,926 galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), including ~ 129,000 SFRs for AGN-dominated galaxies for which SDSS SFRs have large uncertainties.
description: MNRAS, accepted
Cervical Cancer Screening in South Eastern Nigeria
Creators: name: Adimorah, Nesochi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Aim: To provide a structure for the implementation of cervical cancer screening using the screen-and-treat method within a local government area in Anambra State with the goal of statewide implementation and possible adoption at the national level. Objectives: 1. To provide information on the current state of cervical cancer and current screening options in Nigeria 2. To highlight cervical cancer screening programs, through a systematic review, in other low-income and middle-income countries and identify strengths and weaknesses of those programs with the goal of incorporating lessons learned into the proposed program. 3. To describe the local and national context within which the program will be implemented 4. To determine the appropriate program theories that will form the basis upon which the program will be built. 5. To establish the goals and objectives of the program plan and the implementation of said goals and objectives 6. To provide the program implementers with a potential strategy for the evaluation of the program’s progress.
The “STICKINESS” of stigma: Guilt by association after a friend's arrest
Creators: name: Tinney, Erin
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023
Subjects: adolescent police contact
arrest
guilt by association
peers
stigma

description: Prior research has examined the consequences of one's police contact, but the consequences of vicarious police contact are not as well known. This study expands on labeling theory and the concept of “stickiness” by assessing whether a friend's arrest increases the likelihood of one's police contact. Using a sample of rural youth (N = 13,170), I find that a friend's arrest is associated with an increase in the likelihood of one's first arrest the next year after accounting for other predictors of police contact. Based on my theoretical framework, I interpret this finding as “guilt by association.” In addition, ending relationships with friends who have been arrested does not significantly impact this relationship. This study concludes that police contact may be harmful for a youth's social network and builds on the concept of stickiness by suggesting that stigma not only sticks from one individual to another but may also stay despite efforts to end one's association with the arrested individual. The study expands on preexisting research on the consequences of adolescent police contact by introducing a friend's police contact as a way in which an individual may be more likely to become involved in the justice system.
Mapping Progenitors of Binary Black Holes and Neutron Stars with Binary Population Synthesis
Creators: name: Weller, Miqaela K.
name: Johnson, Jennifer A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first directly observed gravitational wave event, GW150914, featuring the merger of two massive black holes, highlighted the need to determine how these systems of compact remnant binaries are formed. We use the binary population synthesis code COSMIC (Compact Object Synthesis and Monte Carlo Investigation Code) to predict the types of massive stars that will show significant radial velocity variations, indicative of a potential compact object (i.e. a black hole or neutron star) orbiting the star. We "observe" the binaries generated in the populations with a similar number of epochs and RV accuracy as planned for the Milky Way Mapper. In this analysis, we are especially interested in systems where a compact remnant is orbiting a massive O or B star as these systems survived the first supernova and neutron star kick. We test the ability of the Milky Way Mapper observing strategy to distinguish among different mass loss and kick prescriptions. We find that Wolf-Rayet stars or hot subdwarfs in binaries could be detectable (i.e. luminous, high delta RV max), viable progenitors of such objects, while the different prescriptions primarily affect the number of sources.
description: submitted to MNRAS main journal, comments are welcome
title: Scalp lesions incidentally discovered on the MRI scans of the head: prevalence, type and meaning
Creators: name: Kostic, Jelena
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Anatomy
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Cysts
subject: Metastases
subject: Haemorrhage

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Lesions of the scalp are commonly seen on MRI examinations of the brain and skull, though rarely reported. Their true etiology may be puzzling when the medical evaluation is based only on imaging findings. Mass lesions can be directly related to the...
Can gender-responsive budgeting change how governments budget?: Lessons from the case of Ecuador.
Creators: name: Martínez Guzmán, Juan Pablo
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023

description: Gender-responsive budgeting (GRB) has been introduced in over 80 countries to mitigate gender inequities. We evaluate if these reforms can influence policy making and enhance gender-oriented accountability. Our analysis follows the process-tracing methodology and includes over 20 in-depth interviews. Our findings show significant public administration obstacles to GRB, but success is possible in institutions with proper leadership, human, and technological resources. This study advances our understanding of the operational limits of GRB, highlights areas for future research on equity-oriented reforms, and sheds light on issues that practitioners need to account for as they strive to further gender equity.
Calculating the ground state energy of benzene under spatial deformations with noisy quantum computing
Creators: name: Sennane, Wassil
name: Piquemal, Jean-Philip
name: Rančić, Marko J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this manuscript, we calculate the ground state energy of benzene under spatial deformations by using the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE). The primary goal of the study is estimating the feasibility of using quantum computing ansatze on near-term devices for solving problems with large number of orbitals in regions where classical methods are known to fail. Furthermore, by combining our advanced simulation platform with real quantum computers, we provided an analysis of how the noise, inherent to quantum computers, affects the results. The centers of our study are the hardware efficient and quantum unitary coupled cluster ansatze (qUCC). First, we find that the hardware efficient ansatz has the potential to outperform mean-field methods for extreme deformations of benzene. However, key problems remain at equilibrium, preventing real chemical application. Moreover, the hardware efficient ansatz yields results that strongly depend on the initial guess of parameters - both in the noisy and noiseless cases - and optimization issues have a higher impact on their convergence than noise. This is confirmed by comparison with real quantum computing experiments. On the other hand, the qUCC ansatz alternative exhibits deeper circuits. Therefore, noise effects increase and are so extreme that the method never outperform mean-field theories. Our dual simulator/8-16 qubits QPU computations of qUCC appears to be a lot more sensitive to hardware noise than shot noise, which give further indications about where the noise-reduction efforts should be directed towards. Finally, the study shows that qUCC method better captures the physics of the system as the qUCC method can be utilized together with the Huckel approximation. We discussed how going beyond this approximation sharply increases the optimization complexity of such a difficult problem.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures + appendix
title: Triaging the acute abdomen patient in an Oncologic setting .
Creators: name: Raghavan, Bagyam
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Acute
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: CT
subject: Oncology
subject: Gastrointestinal tract

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The aim of the study is to illustrate the various presentations of acute abdomen in an oncology setting and correlate it with the various management strategies. Imaging plays key role in the diagnosis of acue abdomen. MDCT plays a vital role in...
Fractal dimensions of the wavefunctions and local spectral measures on the Fibonacci chain
Creators: name: Macé, Nicolas
name: Jagannathan, Anuradha
name: Piéchon, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical framework for understanding the wavefunctions and spectrum of an extensively studied paradigm for quasiperiodic systems, namely the Fibonacci chain. Our analytical results, which are obtained in the limit of strong modulation of the hopping amplitudes, are in good agreement with published numerical data. In the perturbative limit, we show a new symmetry of wavefunctions under permutation of site and energy indices. We compute the wavefunction renormalization factors and from them deduce analytical expressions for the fractal exponents corresponding to individual wavefunctions, as well as their global averages. The multifractality of wavefunctions is seen to appear at next-to-leading order in the ratio of the hopping amplitudes, $ρ$. Exponents for the local spectral density are given, in extremely good accord with numerical calculations. Interestingly, our analytical results for exponents are observed to describe the system rather well even for values of $ρ$ well outside the domain of applicability of perturbation theory.
description: Published in Phys. Rev. B
Fat, but smart: investigating negative and positive aspects of the gaming stereotype
Creators: name: Wingen, Tobias
name: Breuer, Johannes
name: Gurschke, Jessica
name: Rascher, Moritz
name: Holocher, Susanne
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: The primary aim of this study is to determine positive dimensions that are primary associated with computer gamers.
A Note on A Priori Forecasting and Simplicity Bias in Time Series
Creators: name: Dingle, Kamaludin
name: Kamal, Rafiq
name: Hamzi, Boumediene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: To what extent can we forecast a time series without fitting to historical data? Can universal patterns of probability help in this task? Deep relations between pattern Kolmogorov complexity and pattern probability have recently been used to make \emph{a priori} probability predictions in a variety of systems in physics, biology and engineering. Here we study \emph{simplicity bias} (SB) -- an exponential upper bound decay in pattern probability with increasing complexity -- in discretised time series extracted from the World Bank Open Data collection. We predict upper bounds on the probability of discretised series patterns, without fitting to trends in the data. Thus we perform a kind of `forecasting without training data', predicting time series shape patterns \emph{a priori}, but not the actual numerical value of the series. Additionally we make predictions about which of two discretised series is more likely with accuracy of $\sim$80\%, much higher than a 50\% baseline rate, just by using the complexity of each series. These results point to a promising perspective on practical time series forecasting and integration with machine learning methods.
Polymer quantization versus the Snyder noncommutative space
Creators: name: Gorji, M. A.
name: Nozari, K.
name: Vakili, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a noncanonical Hilbert space representation of the polymer quantum mechanics. It is shown that Heisenberg algebra get some modifications in the constructed setup from which a generalized uncertainty principle will naturally come out. Although the extracted physical results are the same as those obtained from the standard canonical representation, the noncanonical representation may be notable in view of its possible connection with the generalized uncertainty theories suggested by string theory. In this regard, by considering an Snyder-deformed Heisenberg algebra we show that since the translation group is not deformed it can be identified with a polymer-modified Heisenberg algebra. In classical level, it is shown the noncanonical Poisson brackets are related to their canonical counterparts by means of a Darboux transformation on the corresponding phase space.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure, to appear in CQG
title: An individualized dosage of F-18-FDG enables PEM tests with a high accuracy detecting breast cancer.
Creators: name: Müller, Frank
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Nuclear medicine
subject: Oncology
subject: PET
subject: Molecular imaging
subject: Vacuum assisted biopsy
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Outcomes

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The diagnostic performance of the first European PEM (PET mammography) is based on individualized dosage of FDG evaluated in 138 females, and 1 male, with 204 suspected breast lesions. Purpose: To determine the diagnostic performance of PEM...
“Acquired” Equals Addition? Associating Verbs with Arithmetic Operations Impacts Word Problem Performance
Creators: name: Jaffe, Joshua Benjamin
name: Gharibani, Troy
name: Bolger, Donald Joseph
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023

description: Successful word problem performance often requires understanding the linguistic relations between characters and objects. However, the keyword method promotes associating specific words with mathematical operations while neglecting the situational context. Research has thoroughly investigated the detrimental effects of individuals associating relational terminology (e.g., “more”) with mathematical operations (e.g., “addition”). The current study expands upon this line of research by examining whether undergraduate students associate verbs with mathematical operations and if verbal associations affect word problem performance. Similar to relational terminology, the participants associated verbs with operations, which significantly impacted performance. The educational implications are discussed.
British Gallup Poll CQ 584
Creators: name: Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2014

description: Government approval (1); James Callaghan performance (1); Margaret Thatcher performance (1); Daniel Steel performance (1); party support (1); last general election (2); unemployment (1); prices (1); firm busyness (1); personal financials (2); time to save (1); major purchases (1); prices and wages (5); prices of goods (4); cigarette smoker (1); oil companies (7); work in industry (1); pens (32); kitchen furniture (23); bedroom furniture (23); Banks (218); appliances in home (63).
Positive solutions to Schrödinger's equation and the exponential integrability of the balayage
Creators: name: Frazier, Michael
name: Verbitsky, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^n$, for $n \geq 2$, be a bounded $C^2$ domain. Let $q \in L^1_{loc} (Ω)$ with $q \geq 0$. We give necessary conditions and matching sufficient conditions, which differ only in the constants involved, for the existence of very weak solutions to the boundary value problem $(-\triangle -q) u =0, \, \, u\ge 0 \, \, \text{on} \, \, Ω, \, u=1 \, \text{on} \, \, \partial Ω$, and the related nonlinear problem with quadratic growth in the gradient, $-\triangle u = |\nabla u|^2 + q \, \text{on} \, Ω, \, u=0 \, \, \text{on} \, \, \partial Ω$. We also obtain precise pointwise estimates of solutions up to the boundary. A crucial role is played by a new "boundary condition" on $q$ which is expressed in terms of the exponential integrability on $\partial Ω$ of the balayage of the measure $δq \, dx$, where $δ(x) = \text{dist} (x, \partial Ω)$. This condition is sharp, and appears in such a context for the first time. It holds, for example, if $δq \, dx$ is a Carleson measure in $Ω$, or if its balayage is in $BMO(\partial Ω)$, with sufficiently small norm. This solves an open problem posed in the literature.
description: 33 pages
Constraints on Early Dark Energy from the Axion Weak Gravity Conjecture
Creators: name: Rudelius, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A popular proposal for resolving the Hubble tension involves an early phase of dark energy, driven by an axion field with a periodic potential. In this paper, we argue that these models are tightly constrained by the axion weak gravity conjecture: for typical parameter values, the axion decay constant must satisfy $f < 0.008 M_{\textrm{Pl}}$, which is smaller than the axion decay constants appearing in the vast majority of early dark energy models to date. We discuss possible ways to evade or loosen this constraint, arguing that its loopholes are small and difficult to thread. This suggests that it may prove challenging to realize early dark energy models in a UV complete theory of quantum gravity.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
title: Doppler ultrasound role in the evolution and evaluation of the complications of vascular hemodyalisis access.
Creators: name: Banegas Illescas, Maria Eugenia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Vascular
subject: Extremities
subject: Management
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Ultrasound-Spectral Doppler
subject: Ultrasound-Power Doppler
subject: Venous access
subject: Shunts
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Haemodynamics / Flow dynamics

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: - To highlight the importance of colour doppler ultrasound (CD-US) in the management of vascular access (VA) for hemodialysis (native fistula and arteriovenous graft). - To review and describe the doppler ultrasound findings of dysfunction and...
Review of Policies Implemented by Levels of Government to Curb Childhood Obesity: Strategies to improve future policies
Creators: name: Todd, Christopher
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Childhood obesity prevalence rates have reached epidemic levels in the United States having nearly tripled over the last thirty years (Prevention, 2012a). Increasing numbers of children are leading sedentary lifestyles. The causes of the pediatric obesity epidemic include factors that increase caloric consumption and those that lead to increasing sedentary behavior. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has increased in tandem with the prevalence of pediatric obesity in the United States indicating a correlation. Data collected from two randomized controlled studies have shown that reducing children’s intake of sugary drinks leads to a reduction in weight gain and fat accumulation (Wilson, 2012). In addition, the marketing of high-caloric foods specifically targeted to children has been seen as a catalyst for childhood obesity and junk food (i.e. low-nutrition, energy-dense foods and beverages) intake (Koplan Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity., 2007). Moreover, 94% of schools fail to provide lunches to students that meet USDA standards for healthy meals (Briefel, Wilson, Gleason, 2009). In an effort to curb the rapid increase in obesity throughout the United States, federal, state and local governments have begun to implement policies to help protect children. In December 2011, San Francisco implemented a policy to ban fast-food restaurants from providing toys in children’s meals that do not meet government nutrition guidelines (Bernstein, 2010). New York City banned supersized sugar-sweetened beverages from being sold by city restaurants, delis, sports facilities, and street vendors (Grynbaum, 2012). Howard County in Baltimore recently banned the distribution of sugary drinks on county property (Lavoie, 2012). Maine further extended federal restrictions on minimally nutritious foods at all high schools (Whatley Blum et al., 2011). On the federal level, the United States Congress reduced the standards for school lunches a year after strict guidelines were instituted (Healthy Hunger Free Kids Act, 2010). While these policies have been enacted recently and no formal evaluations have been published, they each lack several components of an effective governmental response. This paper proposes that future plans by governments should include, school-based interventions, taxation on high-caloric foods, restructuring of school lunches, elimination of high-caloric beverages from school campuses, and restrictions on marketing to children. Similar methods have been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and have been successful as population-based approaches for other health crises (Organization, 2012).
title: Evaluation of the Dimensions of the Structures that make up the Skin, in Young Adult Overweight, Slim and Athletes - Ultrasound Evaluation
Creators: name: André, Alexandra
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft tissues / Skin
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Efficacy studies
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Image verification

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The skin consists of two layers, epidermis more superficial and dermis, more deeper (1,2). Is the largest organ of the human body, is fundamental to the defense and external coating, protecting against the entry of microorganisms. It is...
The Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Debate
Creators: name: Bell, Samuel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The overwhelming majority of cervical cancer deaths are caused by a sexually-transmitted virus: the human papillomavirus, or HPV (Walboomers et al., 1999). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 4,000 American women die from it each year. A vaccine would seem a welcome tool in the fight against this deadly disease. However, the introduction of the first HPV vaccine in the United States in 2006 was met by controversy and public opposition (Schwartz, Caplan, Faden, Sugarman, 2007). This negative reaction to the vaccine was centered on attempts by its manufacturer, Merck Co., Inc., to make it a required childhood vaccine for school-aged girls. The attempt to create an HPV vaccination mandate largely failed. The reasons for the failure were complex and arose in the context of political opposition, public skepticism about vaccines, unresolved scientific questions, and issues of cost.
British Gallup Poll CQ 892B
Creators: name: Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2013

description: Government approval (1); Margaret Thatcher job performance (1); Neil Kinnock job performance (1); David Steel job performance (1); David Owen job performance (1); party support (1); June 1983 General Election (2); government controlling prices (1); rising prices stoppable (1); government's policies for economic situation appropriate (1); government's economic policies fair (1); wages compared to a year ago (1); food prices compared to a year ago (1); food prices compared to wages over last year (1); money left after necessary expenses more or less compared to last year (1); confidence in U.S. world problems (2); Ronald Reagan job approval (1); opinion of Reagan changed recently (1); Britain U.S. closeness (1); roles U.S., Russia, China play in world affairs approval (3); situation in Middle East, Caribbean presents risk of world war (2); American action in Grenada approval (1); LP and cassette buying (3); knowledge of food manufacturers (3); window covering advertisement and purchasing (7); knowledge of fast food restaurants (2); fast food advertising (5) fast food consumption (10).
The Influence of Native Phonology, Allophony, and Phonotactics on Nonnative Lexical Encoding: A Vocabulary Training Study
Creators: name: Zheng, Qi
name: Gor, Kira
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023
Subjects: lexical encoding
nonnative listeners
phonological categorization
allophoric variation
memory consolidation

description: Second language (L2) speakers often experience difficulties in learning words with L2-specific phonemes due to the unfaithful lexical encoding predicted by the fuzzy lexical representations hypothesis. Currently, there is limited understanding of how allophonic variation in the first language (L1) influences L2 phonological and lexical encoding. We report how the Mandarin Chinese L1 phonemic inventory and allophonic variation subject to phonotactic constraints predict phonological encoding problems for novel L2 English words with the /v/–/w/ contrast. L1 English and L1 Chinese participants speaking two varieties of Mandarin Chinese differing as to the presence of [ʋ]–[w] allophonic variation for the /w/ phoneme participated in a vocabulary learning task. The novel L2 words with the /v/–/w/ contrast were systematically less robustly encoded than the control words on the day of training and 24 hours later. The degree of fuzziness in lexical representations was jointly predicted by L1 allophonic variation subject to phonotactic constraints and L2 phonological categorization.
Rogue planet wide search biosignature and technosignatures infrared wavelength instruments
Creators: name: Pacupac, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Rogue planet wide search, biosignature and technosignatures infrared wavelength instruments this my proposal a next generation of telescope in ground and space telescopes in next decade is called Very extremely large telescope a 699.3 meters telescope and Grand Planetary Observatory is a four 699.3 meters class telescope and Muiwast a 25 meters class telescope in infrared wavelength space telescope this General Infrared Observatory
Decidability in the logic of subsequences and supersequences
Creators: name: Karandikar, Prateek
name: Schnoebelen, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.4.1; F.4.3

description: We consider first-order logics of sequences ordered by the subsequence ordering, aka sequence embedding. We show that the Σ_2 theory is undecidable, answering a question left open by Kuske. Regarding fragments with a bounded number of variables, we show that the FO2 theory is decidable while the FO3 theory is undecidable.
title: Pelvic actinomycosis : MR findings and the differentiation from invasive pelvic malignant tumor
Creators: name: Uchiyama, Fumiya
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Pelvis
subject: MR
subject: Surgery
subject: Abscess

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Pelvic Actinomycosis is one of pelvic infectious disease, caused by Actinomyces israelii, a gram-positive anerobic bacterium, that is a normal inhabitant of the upper intestinal tract in humans (1). The presence of a long-standing intrauterine...