cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Two-Particle Self-Consistent method for the multi-orbital Hubbard model
Creators: name: Zantout, Karim
name: Backes, Steffen
name: Valenti, Roser
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most challenging problems in solid state systems is the microscopic analysis of electronic correlations. A paramount minimal model that encodes correlation effects is the Hubbard Hamiltonian, which -- albeit its simplicity -- is exactly solvable only in a few limiting cases and approximate many-body methods are required for its solution. In this review we present an overview on the non-perturbative Two-Particle Self-Consistent method (TPSC) which was originally introduced to describe the electronic properties of the single-band Hubbard model. We introduce here a detailed derivation of the multi-orbital generalization of TPSC and discuss particular features of the method on exemplary interacting models in comparison to dynamical mean-field theory results.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures
Infrared length scale and extrapolations for the no-core shell model
Creators: name: Wendt, K. A.
name: Forssén, C.
name: Papenbrock, T.
name: Sääf, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We precisely determine the infrared (IR) length scale of the no-core shell model (NCSM). In the NCSM, the $A$-body Hilbert space is truncated by the total energy, and the IR length can be determined by equating the intrinsic kinetic energy of $A$ nucleons in the NCSM space to that of $A$ nucleons in a $3(A-1)$-dimensional hyper-radial well with a Dirichlet boundary condition for the hyper radius. We demonstrate that this procedure indeed yields a very precise IR length by performing large-scale NCSM calculations for $^{6}$Li. We apply our result and perform accurate IR extrapolations for bound states of $^{4}$He, $^{6}$He, $^{6}$Li, $^{7}$Li. We also attempt to extrapolate NCSM results for $^{10}$B and $^{16}$O with bare interactions from chiral effective field theory over tens of MeV.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. Updated to address issues fixed during publication. We have prepared a python (v2.7) script that will compute the IR scales (both full scale and intrinsic scale). This script depends only on numpy and scipy and can be found at http://github.com/KyleWendt/ncsm_ho_ir_scale
Fail-Safe Controller Architectures for Quadcopter with Motor Failures
Creators: name: Rible, Gene Patrick
name: Arriola, Nicolette Ann
name: Ramos, Manuel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90602 Control Systems, Robotics and Automation
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 90101 Aerodynamics (excl. Hypersonic Aerodynamics)
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: A fail-safe algorithm in case of motor failure was developed, simulated, and tested. For practical fail-safe flight, the quadcopter may fly with only three or two opposing propellers. Altitude for two-propeller architecture was maintained by a PID controller that is independent from the inner and outer controllers. A PID controller on propeller force deviations from equilibrium was augmented to the inner controller of the three-propeller architecture. Both architectures used LQR for the inner attitude controller and a damped second order outer controller that zeroes the error along the horizontal coordinates. The restrictiveness, stability, robustness, and symmetry of these architectures were investigated with respect to their output limits, initial conditions, and controller frequencies. Although the three-propeller architecture allows for distribution of propeller forces, the two-propeller architecture is more efficient, robust, and stable. The two-propeller architecture is also robust to model uncertainties. It was shown that higher yaw rate leads to greater stability when operating in fail-safe mode.
Design Principles for Ensuring Compliance in Business Processes
Creators: name: Zasada, Andrea
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 004 Data processing Computer sciences
subject: 330 Economics

description: In this thesis, we evaluate the complexity and understandability of compliance languages. First, to calculate the complexity, we apply established software metrics and interpret the results with respect to the languages’ expressiveness. Second, to investigate the languages’ understandability, we use a cognitive model of the human problem-solving process and analyze how efficiently users perform a compliance modeling task. Our results have theoretical and practical implications that give directions for the development of compliance languages, and rule-based languages in general.
Approximate Cross-Validation with Low-Rank Data in High Dimensions
Creators: name: Stephenson, William T.
name: Udell, Madeleine
name: Broderick, Tamara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many recent advances in machine learning are driven by a challenging trifecta: large data size $N$; high dimensions; and expensive algorithms. In this setting, cross-validation (CV) serves as an important tool for model assessment. Recent advances in approximate cross validation (ACV) provide accurate approximations to CV with only a single model fit, avoiding traditional CV's requirement for repeated runs of expensive algorithms. Unfortunately, these ACV methods can lose both speed and accuracy in high dimensions -- unless sparsity structure is present in the data. Fortunately, there is an alternative type of simplifying structure that is present in most data: approximate low rank (ALR). Guided by this observation, we develop a new algorithm for ACV that is fast and accurate in the presence of ALR data. Our first key insight is that the Hessian matrix -- whose inverse forms the computational bottleneck of existing ACV methods -- is ALR. We show that, despite our use of the \emph{inverse} Hessian, a low-rank approximation using the largest (rather than the smallest) matrix eigenvalues enables fast, reliable ACV. Our second key insight is that, in the presence of ALR data, error in existing ACV methods roughly grows with the (approximate, low) rank rather than with the (full, high) dimension. These insights allow us to prove theoretical guarantees on the quality of our proposed algorithm -- along with fast-to-compute upper bounds on its error. We demonstrate the speed and accuracy of our method, as well as the usefulness of our bounds, on a range of real and simulated data sets.
description: Published in NeurIPS 2020
Wildlife crime data integration from multiple sources: A way forward to ensure public access to information and data analytics
Creators: name: Alagesan, Shankar Prakash
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 50211 Wildlife and Habitat Management
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 160299 Criminology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Law
subject: 50202 Conservation and Biodiversity
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Over a while, the activities of criminals have expanded due to advancements in information and communication technology. In this background, police, and intelligence agencies have been developing a robust crime database in order to anticipate, prevent, and monitor criminal activity. Hence, wildlife crime databases become a vital information system that helps enforcement officers detect and prevent wildlife crime and pursue wildlife criminals. Therefore, an attempt has been made in this paper to shed light on available wildlife crime databases in India. Further, an appeal has been made to integrate such wildlife crime data from various sources and make it available in the public domain. This article has also touched upon the importance of data analytics and crime analysts to handle wildlife crime data.
Differential influences of early growth and social factors on young children's cognitive performance in four low-and-middle-income birth cohorts (Brazil, Guatemala, Philippines, and South Africa)
Creators: name: Adair, L.S.
name: Stein, A.D.
name: Orkin, F.M.
name: Kroker-Lobos, M.F.
name: Mayol, N.L.
name: Victora, C.
name: Martorell, R.
name: Richter, L.M.
name: Menezes, A.M.B.
name: Murray, J.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2020

description: Background: Studies relating childhood cognitive development to poor linear growth seldom take adequate account of social conditions related to both, leading to a focus on nutrition interventions. We aimed to assess the roles of both biological and social conditions in determining early childhood cognition, mediated by birthweight and early linear growth. Methods: After exploratory structural equation modelling to identify determining factors, we tested direct and indirect paths to cognitive performance through birthweight and child height-for-age at 2 years, assessed between 4 and 8.5 years of age among 2448 children in four birth cohort studies in low-and-middle-income countries (Brazil, Guatemala, Philippines and South Africa). Determinants were compared across the cohorts. Findings: Three factors yielded excellent fit, comprising birth endowment (primarily maternal age and birth order), household resources (crowding, dependency) and parental capacity (parental education). We estimated their strength together with maternal height in determining cognitive performance. Percentage shares of total effects of the four determinants show a marked transition from mainly biological determinants of birth weight (birth endowment 34%) and maternal height (30%) compared to household resources (25%) and parental capacity (11%), through largely economic determinants of height at 2 years (household resources (60%) to cognitive performance being predominantly determined by parental capacity (64%) followed by household resources (29%). The largely biological factor, birth endowment (maternal age and birth order) contributed only 7% to childhood cognitive performance and maternal height was insignificant. In summary, the combined share of social total effects (household resources and parental capacity) rises from 36∙2% on birth weight, to 78∙2% on height for age at 24 m, and 93∙4% on cognitive functioning. Interpretation: Across four low- and middle-income contexts, cognition in childhood is influenced more by the parental capacity of families and their economic resources than by birth weight and early linear growth. Improving children's cognitive functioning requires multi-sectoral interventions to improve parental education and enhance their economic wellbeing, interventions that are known to improve also early childhood growth.
The Four Domain Food Insecurity Scale (4D-FIS): Development and evaluation of a complementary food insecurity measure
Creators: name: Adair, L.S.
name: Bowen, S.K.
name: Aiello, A.E.
name: Hardison-Moody, A.
name: Flax, V.L.
name: Ammerman, A.S.
name: Johnson, C.M.
name: Elliott, S.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2020

description: The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Security Survey Module (FSSM) is a valuable tool for measuring food insecurity, but it has limitations for capturing experiences of less severe food insecurity. To develop and test the Four Domain Food Insecurity Scale (4D-FIS), a complementary measure designed to assess all four domains of the food access dimension of food insecurity (quantitative, qualitative, psychological, and social).Low-income Black, Latina, and White women (n = 109) completed semi-structured (qualitative) and structured (quantitative) interviews. Interviewers separately administered two food insecurity scales, including the 4D-FIS and the USDA FSSM adult scale. A scoring protocol was developed to determine food insecurity status with the 4D-FIS. Analyses included a confirmatory factor analysis to examine the hypothesized structure of the 4D-FIS and an initial evaluation of reliability and validity. A four-factor model fit the data reasonably well as judged with fit indices. Results showed relatively high factor loadings and inter-factor correlations indicated that factors were distinct. Cronbach's alpha for the overall scale was 0.90 (subscale ? ranged from 0.69 to 0.91) and provided support for the scale's internal consistency reliability. There was fair overall agreement between the 4D-FIS and USDA FSSM adult scale, but agreement varied by category. Findings provide preliminary support for the 4D-FIS as a complementary measure of food insecurity, with implications for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working in U.S. communities.
A Levine-Tristram invariant for knotted tori
Creators: name: Ruberman, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57K41, 57K45

description: Echeverria recently introduced an invariant for a smoothly embedded torus in a homology $S^1\times S^3$, using gauge theory for singular connections. We define a new topological invariant of such an embedded torus, analogous to the classical Levine-Tristram invariant of a knot. In the 3-dimensional situation, a count of singular connections on a knot complement reproduces the Levine-Tristram invariant. We compute the invariant for a number of examples embedded tori, and show that our topological invariant is the same as what one might expect from Echeverria's invariant. Langte Ma has subsequently shown this in general.
description: 28 pages, one figure. Revised introduction, amended discussion of one example, and added another example. Version 3 is the final version, to appear in Algebraic & Geometric Topology
Genetic-algorithm-optimized neural networks for gravitational wave classification
Creators: name: Deighan, Dwyer S.
name: Field, Scott E.
name: Capano, Collin D.
name: Khanna, Gaurav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Gravitational-wave detection strategies are based on a signal analysis technique known as matched filtering. Despite the success of matched filtering, due to its computational cost, there has been recent interest in developing deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for signal detection. Designing these networks remains a challenge as most procedures adopt a trial and error strategy to set the hyperparameter values. We propose a new method for hyperparameter optimization based on genetic algorithms (GAs). We compare six different GA variants and explore different choices for the GA-optimized fitness score. We show that the GA can discover high-quality architectures when the initial hyperparameter seed values are far from a good solution as well as refining already good networks. For example, when starting from the architecture proposed by George and Huerta, the network optimized over the 20-dimensional hyperparameter space has 78% fewer trainable parameters while obtaining an 11% increase in accuracy for our test problem. Using genetic algorithm optimization to refine an existing network should be especially useful if the problem context (e.g. statistical properties of the noise, signal model, etc) changes and one needs to rebuild a network. In all of our experiments, we find the GA discovers significantly less complicated networks as compared to the seed network, suggesting it can be used to prune wasteful network structures. While we have restricted our attention to CNN classifiers, our GA hyperparameter optimization strategy can be applied within other machine learning settings.
description: 25 pages, 8 figures, and 2 tables; Version 2 includes an expanded discussion of our hyperparameter optimization model
Non-equilibrium Casimir-like Forces in Liquid Mixtures
Creators: name: Kirkpatrick, T. R.
name: de Zárate, J. M. Ortiz
name: Sengers, J. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter we consider a liquid mixture confined between two thermally conducting walls subjected to a stationary temperature gradient. While in a one-component liquid non-equilibrium fluctuation forces appear inside the liquid layer only, non-equilibrium fluctuations in a mixture induce a Casimir-like force on the walls. The physical reason is that the temperature gradient induces large concentration fluctuations through the Soret effect. Unlike temperature fluctuations, non-equilibrium concentration fluctuations are also present near a perfectly thermally conducting wall. The magnitude of the fluctuation-induced Casimir force is proportional to the square of the Soret coefficient and is related to the concentration dependence of the heat and volume of mixing.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Decreased consumption of common weaning foods is associated with poor linear growth among HIV-exposed infants participating in the Kigali antiretroviral and breastfeeding assessment for the elimination of HIV (Kabeho) study
Creators: name: Ndatimana, D.
name: Lane, C.
name: Ndayisaba, G.F.
name: Adair, L.S.
name: Bobrow, E.A.
Publisher: name: Wiley-Liss Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Objective: The World Health Organization recommends that complementary foods that are adequate, safe, and appropriate be introduced to infants at age 6 months. Using an innovative modeling technique, we examine patterns of nutrient intake in HIV-exposed and uninfected (HEU) infants and establish their relationship with growth. Methods: Single-day dietary recalls and anthropometrics were collected every two to 3 months from 543 infants living in Kigali, Rwanda, and attending clinics for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission. A common weaning food index (CWFI) was calculated in grams and nutrient density for infants to reflect the extent to which the infants consumed the weaning foods typical of this population at ages 6 to 10, 11 to 15, and 16 to 20 months. Regressions among the CWFI, length-for-age z-scores (LAZ), and weight-for-length z-scores (WLZ) were conducted to estimate the relationship between the dietary patterns and growth. Results: Mean absolute intake of zinc and calcium from complementary foods was insufficient. Increasing CWFI was related to increasing cow milk consumption. The density CWFI showed a decrease in the density of iron and folate as infants consume more of the weaning foods typical of this population. Density CWFI, breastfeeding, and caloric intake act on early LAZ and WLZ and interact with one another. Among breastfed infants, those who consume little of the common weaning foods and have a high caloric intake develop deficits in LAZ and have an elevated WLZ. Conclusions: A diet that is more dominated by the typical weaning foods of this population may support a healthy growth pattern.
A note on thickness of knots
Creators: name: Stipsicz, Andras I.
name: Szabo, Zoltan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a numerical invariant β(K) of a knot K which measures how non-alternating K is. We prove an inequality between β(K) and the (knot Floer) thickness of K. As an application we show that all Montesinos knots have thickness at most one.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Two-photon amplitude interferometry for precision astrometry
Creators: name: Stankus, Paul
name: Nomerotski, Andrei
name: Slosar, Anže
name: Vintskevich, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Improved quantum sensing of photons from astronomical objects could provide high resolution observations in the optical benefiting numerous fields, including general relativity, dark matter studies, and cosmology. It has been recently proposed that stations in optical interferometers would not require a phase-stable optical link if instead sources of quantum-mechanically entangled pairs could be provided to them, potentially enabling hitherto prohibitively long baselines. A new refinement of this idea is developed, in which two photons from different sources are interfered at two separate and decoupled stations, requiring only a slow classical information link between them. We rigorously calculate the observables and contrast this new interferometric technique with the Hanbury Brown & Twiss intensity interferometry. We argue this technique could allow robust high-precision measurements of the relative astrometry of the two sources. A basic calculation suggests that angular precision on the order of $10$~microarcsecond in the relative opening angle could be achieved in a single night's observation of two bright stars.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures; to be submitted to Open Journal of Astrophysics
Magnetosphere of a Kerr black hole immersed in magnetized plasma and its perturbative mode structure
Creators: name: Yang, Huan
name: Zhang, Fan
name: Lehner, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work studies jet-like electromagnetic configurations surrounding a slowly-spinning black-hole immersed in a uniformly magnetized force-free plasma. In the first part of this work, we present a family of stationary solutions that are jet-capable. While these solutions all satisfy the force-free equations and the appropriate boundary conditions, our numerical experiments show a unique relaxed state starting from different initial data, and so one member of the family is likely preferred over the others. In the second part of this work, we analyze the perturbations of this family of jet-like solutions, and show that the perturbative modes exhibit a similar split into the trapped and traveling categories previously found for perturbed Blandford-Znajek solutions. In the eikonal limit, the trapped modes can be identified with the fast magnetosonic waves in the force-free plasma and the traveling waves are essentially the Alfven waves. Moreover, within the scope of our analysis, we have not seen signs of unstable modes at the light-crossing timescale of the system, within which the numerical relaxation process occurs. This observation disfavors mode instability as the selection mechanism for picking out a preferred solution. Consequently, our analytical study is unable to definitively select a particular solution out of the family to serve as the aforementioned preferred final state. This remains an interesting open problem.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Medical machine intelligence: swarm optimization, feature fusion, and neighboring-awareness
Creators: name: Lu, Siyuan
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Medical imaging can be one of the most significant bridges that connect clinicians to patients because medical imaging can produce clear visualization results on human organs under the skin so that clinicians can get a clear understanding of the structure of the organs and conduct accurate analysis. The medical images contain massive information, but manual interpretation often suffers from high inter-observer variance and low reproducibility. In addition, image analysis poses a heavy burden on physicians and surgeons. In this thesis, my research on automatic medical image interpretation is presented based on deep learning and computer vision. Specifically, the contributions to the detection of COVID-19 using chest CT scans are demonstrated. Firstly, swarm optimization is employed to find the best parameters in the proposed deep model for COVID-19 detection. An optimal backbone selection method is proposed to obtain the best backbone model, and an extreme learning machine is used for classification. A bat algorithm with chaotic maps is presented to further optimize the weights and biases in the hidden layer of the extreme learning machine. Experimental results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed model CoDeNet. However, swarm optimization is time-consuming in applications because classifiers can be trained more frequently than backbone models in real-world applications. Therefore, a feature fusion mechanism is proposed for automatic chest CT analysis. Two different pre-trained CNN models are fine-tuned on the CT dataset for image feature extraction. The two feature sets are then fused together by discriminant correlation analysis. Three RNNs are trained as the classifier in the proposed model, and the predictions of the three RNNs are fused by majority voting to produce the final predictions of the proposed model DFFNet-M. The fusion of multiple features and classifiers is effective for COVID-19 diagnosis, but the context information within a single feature set can be further explored. The classification performance of the CAD system can be improved by integrating the neighboring information among the samples to improve. The graph theory is introduced to embed the neighboring information among the feature vectors, and a neighboring-aware graph neural network is presented for COVID-19 classification. A graph random vector functional-link net is trained as the classifier in the model. Experiment results from 5-fold cross-validation show that the proposed NAGNN can achieve better classification performance than the baseline models.
Fractonic gauge theory of smectics
Creators: name: Zhai, Zhengzheng
name: Radzihovsky, Leo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by striped correlated quantum matter, and the recently developed duality between elasticity of a two-dimensional (2D) crystal and a gauge theory, we derive a dual coupled U(1) vector gauge theory for a two-dimensional (2D) quantum smectic, where the disclination is mapped onto the fractonic charge, that we demonstrate can only move transversely to smectic layers. This smectic gauge theory dual also emerges from a gauge dual of a quantum crystal after a Higgs transition corresponding to a single flavor of its dipole condensation, an anisotropic quantum melting via dislocation proliferation. A condensation of the second flavor of dislocations is described by another Higgs transition describing the smectic-to-nematic melting. We also utilize the electrostatic limit of this duality to formulate a melting of a 2D classical smectic in terms of a higher derivative sine- Gordon model, demonstrating its instability to a nematic at any nonzero temperature. Generalizing this classical duality to a 3D smectic, gives formulation of a 3D nematic-to-smectic transition in terms of an anisotropic Abelian-Higgs model.
description: 16+5 pages, 11 figures; minor typos corrected, AOP published version
Ankle brachial index (ABI) in a cohort of older women in the Philippines: Prevalence of peripheral artery disease and predictors of ABI
Creators: name: Borja, J.B.
name: Barrett, T.M.
name: Adair, L.S.
name: McDade, T.W.
name: Kuzawa, C.W.
name: Lee, N.R.
name: Aquino, C.T.
Publisher: name: Wiley-Liss Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is rising in low and middle-income countries, but studies of CVD epidemiology in such settings often focus on risk factors rather than measures of disease progression. Here we use the ankle brachial index (ABI) to assess the prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) among older women living in Metropolitan Cebu, Philippines, and relationships between ABI and CVD risk factors and body composition. Methods: ABI was measured using the Doppler technique in 538 female participants in the 2015 Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (mean age 58 years, range 47-78 years). ABI was related to a panel of CVD risk factors measured in 2005 and 2012, and to 2012 body composition measures. Results: The prevalence of PAD (1.8%) was among the lowest reported in any comparably-aged sample, and only 9.9% of participants had an ABI indicating borderline PAD risk. Smoking (P < 0.011) and use of CVD medications (P < 0.0001) predicted lower ABI (indicating higher PAD risk), which was also lower in relation to 2012 systolic blood pressure (P < 0.054). ABI was unrelated to other CVD risk factors. An apparent protective relationship between body mass index (BMI) and ABI, noted in previous studies, was found to be confounded by protective relationships between ABI and fat free mass, height, and grip strength (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of PAD is low in Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey participants, and ABI was related to few CVD risk factors. Past reports of lower PAD risk in relation to BMI may reflect confounding by lean mass, which has protective relationships with ABI.
New mechanisms to engineer magnetic skyrmions and topological superconductors
Creators: name: Kotetes, Panagiotis
name: Huang, Yun-Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an alternative route to stabilize magnetic skyrmions which does not require Dzyaloshinkii-Moriya interactions, magnetic anisotropy, or an external Zeeman field. Our so-called magnetic skyrmion catalysis (MSC) solely relies on the emergence of flux in the system's ground state. We review scenarios that allow for a nonzero flux and summarize the magnetic skyrmion phases that it induces. Among these, we focus on the so-called skyrmionic spin-whirl crystal (Sk-SWC$_4$) phase. We discuss aspects of MSC using a concrete model for topological superconductivity, which describes the surface states of a topological crystalline insulator in the presence of proximity induced pairing. By assuming that the surface states can exhibit the Sk-SWC$_4$ phase, we detail how the addition of a pairing gap generates a chiral superconductor. For this purpose, we construct a low-energy model which renders the mechanism for topological superconductivity transparent. Moreover, by employing this model, we perform a self-consistent investigation of the appearance of the Sk-SWC$_4$ phase for different values of the pairing gap and the ground state's flux. Our analysis verifies the catalytic nature of our mechanism in stabilizing the Sk-SWC$_4$ phase, since the magnetization modulus becomes enhanced upon ramping up the flux. The involvement of MSC further shields magnetism against the suppression induced by the pairing gap. Remarkably, even if the pairing gap fully suppresses the Sk-SWC$_4$ phase for a given value of flux, this skyrmion phase can be restored by further increasing the flux. Our findings demonstrate that MSC enables topological superconductivity in a minimal and robust fashion.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings SPIE 12656, Spintronics XVI (San Diego USA)
Quadratic Wasserstein metrics for von Neumann algebras via transport plans
Creators: name: Duvenhage, Rocco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how one can obtain a class of quadratic Wasserstein metrics, that is to say, Wasserstein metrics of order 2, on the set of faithful normal states of a von Neumann algebra $A$, via transport plans, rather than through a dynamical approach. Two key points to make this work, are a suitable formulation of the cost of transport arising from Tomita-Takesaki theory and relative tensor products of bimodules (or correspondences in the sense of Connes). The triangle inequality, symmetry and $W_{2}(μ,μ)=0$ all work quite generally, but to show that $W_{2}(μ,ν)=0$ implies $μ=ν$, we need to assume that $A$ is finitely generated.
description: v1: 20 pages. v2: typos fixed, minor corrections, added remarks and references, to appear in Journal of Operator Theory, 22 pages. v3: corrected typos in Prop 4.3's proof. v4: minor corrections and two references added
Effective Field Theory out of Equilibrium: Brownian quantum fields
Creators: name: Boyanovsky, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emergence of an effective field theory out of equilibrium is studied in the case in which a light field --the system-- interacts with very heavy fields in a finite temperature bath. We obtain the reduced density matrix for the light field, its time evolution is determined by an effective action that includes the \emph{influence action} from correlations of the heavy degrees of freedom. The non-equilibrium effective field theory yields a Langevin equation of motion for the light field in terms of dissipative and noise kernels that obey a generalized fluctuation dissipation relation. These are completely determined by the spectral density of the bath which is analyzed in detail for several cases. At $T=0$ we elucidate the effect of thresholds in the renormalization aspects and the asymptotic emergence of a local effective field theory with unitary time evolution. At $T\neq 0$ new "anomalous" thresholds arise, in particular the \emph{decay} of the environmental heavy fields into the light field leads to \emph{dissipative} dynamics of the light field. Even when the heavy bath particles are thermally suppressed this dissipative contribution leads to the \emph{thermalization} of the light field which is confirmed by a quantum kinetics analysis. We obtain the quantum master equation and show explicitly that its solution in the field basis is precisely the influence action that determines the effective non-equilibrium field theory. The Lindblad form of the quantum master equation features \emph{time dependent dissipative coefficients}. Their time dependence is crucial to extract renormalization effects at asymptotically long time. The dynamics from the quantum master equation is in complete agreement with that of the effective action, Langevin dynamics and quantum kinetics, thus providing a unified framework to effective field theory out of equilibrium.
description: 33 pages 4 figs, typos fixed, refs.updated, published version
The Field Concept in Psychology, Gestalt Theory, Physics, and Epic Theatre – Brecht’s Adaptations of Kurt Lewin
Creators: name: Langemeyer, Ines
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2017
Subjects: Field theory
Conceptual modelling
Procedural thinking
Dialectics
Paradigm shift

description: In the first half of the 20th century, the field concept was part of theoretical and methodological innovations in physics, gestalt theory as well as epic theatre as introduced by Bertolt Brecht. Another reference is the psychology of Kurt Lewin. In what ways Brecht took notice of Lewin’s research, especially his demand of a transition from Aristotelian to Galileian thought is reconstructed within the context of paradigm shifts fostered by logical empiricism, gestalt theory and physics. Lewin’s argumentation of an advanced understanding of the lawfulness of societal and psychological processes is placed in the center and traced back as an inspiration to Brecht’s writings. Vice versa, the article investigates in what ways Brecht’s theoretical writings and adaptations of Lewin’s approach can be reconsidered as a source for psychological theorizing.
Tel Aviv. Tracing the Ideal City dream
Creators: name: Leonova, Yulia
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2017
Subjects: Tel Aviv
Garden city
Modernism

description: In descriptions of Tel Aviv often occur reflections about the ideal “first Hebrew city”. A gap between real Tel Aviv and its visionary model is a commonplace. Nevertheless, links between them are plentiful, although they are discussed either with irony or with pathos. The paper gives a cursory review of some of such links.
Determinants of successful aging in a cohort of Filipino women
Creators: name: Tzioumis, E.
name: Adair, L.S.
name: Avila, J.
Publisher: name: MDPI Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2019

description: This study describes a multidimensional measure of successful aging (SA) and examines the relationship with chronic disease status and self-reported health. Using data from the 2015 Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey of 1568 Filipino women, we created a four domainmeasure of SA (physiological, mental health, cognitive, sociological). We explored age-stratified associations of each domain and total SA with various health behaviors, chronic disease status, and correlations with self-reported health measures. Both age groups reported aging well, but younger women had higher mean SA scores. Association patterns between domain and total SA and sociodemographic and health behaviors were similar across age groups. Physiological score was associated with hypertension for all ages, and with diabetes in younger women. Total SA was moderately correlated with self-reported health measures. Participants reported aging successfully despite chronic disease status. Future studies should use a multidimensional definition of SA which incorporates elders' perspective.
Deliverable D-JRP-DISCOVER-WP4.2: Campylobacter source attribution results by region/country, for each applied method
Creators: name: Hald, Tine
name: Mughini-Gras, Lapo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: DISCOVER
Campylobacter
Source attribution
Modelling
MLST
Subtyping

description: OHEJP project: DiSCoVeR
Invertibility Conditions for the Admittance Matrices of Balanced Power Systems
Creators: name: Turizo, Daniel
name: Molzahn, Daniel K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The admittance matrix encodes the network topology and electrical parameters of a power system in order to relate the current injection and voltage phasors. Since admittance matrices are central to many power engineering analyses, their characteristics are important subjects of theoretical studies. This paper focuses on the key characteristic of \emph{invertibility}. Previous literature has presented an invertibility condition for admittance matrices. This paper first identifies and fixes a technical issue in the proof of this previously presented invertibility condition. This paper then extends this previous work by deriving new conditions that are applicable to a broader class of systems with lossless branches and transformers with off-nominal tap ratios.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, published in IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
Determinants of growth in HIV-exposed and HIV-uninfected infants in the Kabeho Study
Creators: name: Bobrow, E.A.
name: Ndayisaba, G.F.
name: Adair, L.S.
name: Ndatimana, D.
name: Lane, C.E.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2019

description: HIV-exposed and HIV-uninfected (HEU) infants may be at increased risk of poor health and growth outcomes. We characterized infant growth trajectories in a cohort of HEU infants to identify factors associated with healthy growth. HIV-positive women participating in prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programmes in Kigali, Rwanda, were followed until their infants were 2 years old. Infant anthropometrics were regularly collected. Latent class analysis was used to categorize infant growth trajectories. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of infants belonging to each growth trajectory class. On average, this population of HEU infants had moderate linear growth faltering, but only modest faltering in weight, resulting in mean weight-for-length z-score (WLZ) above the World Health Organization (WHO) median. Mean WLZ was 0.53, and mean length-for-age z-score (LAZ) was −1.14 over the first 2 years of life. We identified four unique WLZ trajectories and seven trajectories in LAZ. Low neonatal weight-for-age and a high rate of illness increased the likelihood that infants were in the lightest WLZ class. Shorter mothers were more likely to have infants with linear growth faltering. Female infants who were older at the end of exclusive breastfeeding were more likely to be in the second tallest LAZ class. In conclusion, the current WHO recommendations of Option B+ and extended breastfeeding may induce higher WLZ and lower LAZ early in infancy. However, there is considerable heterogeneity in growth patterns that is obscured by simply analysing average growth trends, necessitating the analysis of growth in subpopulations.
Wartime Myths: Poetry and the American Civil War
Creators: name: Veale, Harriet N.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This thesis explores the political evolution and ideological impact of nineteenth-century American poetry during and in the immediate aftermath of the Civil War. The American Civil War (1861–1865) was a conflict of unprecedented scale and cultural influence. It was also the first war in which poetry played a major part. Fundamentally transformed by its place within the emergent mass media of the nineteenth century, poetry gained both a broad new readership and a new level of political influence. When war broke out, this influence meant that poetry became an intrinsic part of constructing America’s wartime myths. Such myths performed the vital political functions that the nation required to go to war; they issued the call to arms, unified the Union and Confederate armies, drummed up hatred for the enemy and offered consolation to those who had lost loved ones in battle. In the aftermath of the conflict, these myths dissolved and were reformed into the necessary postbellum narratives through which Americans of the North and South attempted to rebuild a shattered country whilst retaining some sense of former identity. This project analyses the myth-building role of poetry in several areas including but not limited to the myths surrounding soldiery, abolition and slavery and the postwar romances of the postbellum era. It considers the differences in poetic representations of these ideologies depending on their publication position in newspapers, whether they were written in the North or South, whether they were written by men or women and whether they were written by white or African American authors.
Seventeen-Year Changes in Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Elevated Blood Pressure, and Diabetes Phenotypes in a Cohort of Filipino Women
Creators: name: McDade, T.
name: Adair, L.S.
name: Kuzawa, C.
name: Borja, J.B.
name: Carba, D.B.
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications Inc.
Year: 2018

description: Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes have risen dramatically in Asia, but few cohort studies track age and secular trends in these conditions. We use Cebu (The Philippines) Longitudinal Health and Nutrition survey data to document 1998 to 2015 prevalence and co-occurrence of body mass index (BMI; >25 kg/m2), high waist circumference (WC; >80 cm), elevated blood pressure (EBP; systolic ⩾130 or diastolic ⩾85 mm Hg), and type 2 diabetes among ~2000 women aged 29 to 62 years in 1998; and identify their relationship to community, household, and individual factors using longitudinal logistic regression. Prevalence (1998-2015) rates were 35% to 49%, BMI >25 kg/m2; 32% to 58% high WC; 21% to 59% EBP; and 2% to 14% diabetes. Only 20% of women had none of these conditions in 2015. Diabetes was strongly driven by age and secular trends in high WC related to higher socioeconomic status and urbanization. Hypertension increased with age in lower socioeconomic status rural and more affluent urban women. Results underscore the continuing need for public health measures to prevent obesity and to identify and treat hypertension and diabetes.
On the spectral sets of Inoue surfaces
Creators: name: Ruberman, Daniel
name: Saveliev, Nikolai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32J15 53C55 57R57 58J50

description: The Inoue surfaces are certain non-Kaehler complex surfaces that have the structure of a $T^3$ bundle over the circle. We study the Inoue surfaces $S_M$ with the Tricerri metric and the canonical spin$^c$ structure, and the corresponding chiral Dirac operators twisted by a flat $\mathbb C^*$--connection. The twisting connection is determined by $z \in \mathbb C^*$, and the points for which the twisted Dirac operators $\mathcal D^{\pm}_z$ are not invertible are called spectral points. We show that there are no spectral points inside the annulus $α^{-1/4} < |z| < α^{1/4}$, where $α>1$ is the only real eigenvalue of the matrix $M$ that determines $S_M$, and find the spectral points on its boundary. Via Taubes' theory of end-periodic operators, this implies that the corresponding Dirac operators are Fredholm on any end-periodic manifold whose end is modeled on $S_M$.
description: 15 pages. Final version, to appear in Open Book Series volume entitled 'Gauge theory and low-dimensional topology: progress and interaction.'
Molecular Dynamics Studies on the Buffalo Prion Protein
Creators: name: Zhang, Jiapu
name: Wang, Feng
name: Chatterjee, Subhojyoti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: It was reported that buffalo is a low susceptibility species resisting to prion diseases, which are invariably fatal and highly infectious neurodegenerative diseases that affect a wide variety of species. In molecular structures, TSE neurodegenerative diseases are caused by the conversion from a soluble normal cellular prion protein, predominantly with alpha-helices, into insoluble abnormally folded infectious prions, rich in beta-sheets. This paper studies the molecular structure and structural dynamics of buffalo prion protein, in order to reveal the reason why buffalo are resistant to prion diseases. We first did molecular modeling of a homology structure constructed by one mutation at residue 143 from the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance structure of bovine and cattle PrP(124-227); immediately we found for buffalo PrPC(124-227) there are 5 hydrogen bonds at Asn143, but at this position bovine/cattle do not have such hydrogen bonds. Same as that of rabbits, dogs or horses, our molecular dynamics studies also confirmed there is a strong salt bridge ASP178-ARG164 (O-N) keeping the beta2-alpha2 loop linked in buffalo. We also found there is a very strong hydrogen bond SER170-TYR218 linking this loop with the C-terminal end of alpha-helix H3. Other information such as (i) there is a very strong salt bridge HIS187-ARG156 (N-O) linking alpha-helices H2 and H1 (if mutation H187R is made at position 187 then the hydrophobic core of PrPC will be exposed), (ii) at D178, there is a hydrogen bond Y169-D178 and a polar contact R164-D178 for BufPrPC instead of a polar contact Q168-D178 for bovine PrPC, (iii) BufPrPC owns 3-10 helices at 125-127, 152-156 and in the beta2-alpha2 loop respectively, and (iv) in beta2-alpha2 loop there are strong pi-contacts, etc, has been discovered.