cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Dysfunction Programmed in Male Offspring of Adverse Pregnancy.
Creators: name: Lakshman, Rama
name: Spiroski, Ana-Mishel
name: McIver, Lauren B
name: Murphy, Mike
name: Giussani, Dino
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: biomarkers
cardiovascular diseases
fetal hypoxia
oxidative stress
pregnancy

description: [Figure: see text].
Agricultural R&D Investments, Biofuel Policy And Food Security – A CGE Analysis
Creators: name: Smeets Kristkova, Zuzana
name: Smeets, Edward
name: Van Meijl, Hans
name: Smeets Kristkova, Zuzana
name: Smeets, Edward
name: Van Meijl, Hans
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Bioenergy policy
subject: R&D investments
subject: food security
subject: CGE model
subject: agricultural productivity

description: The objective of this study is to evaluate the possibilities and limitations of avoiding the undesirable effects of energy crops on land use and food security by increasing agricultural productivity through investments in R&D. An extended version of the MAGNET CGE model is used to model the R&D investments in agriculture to compensate the effects of 15 EJ to 100 EJ biomass supply from woody and grassy energy crop plantations. We conclude that investments in agriculture R&D are a potentially effective and low-cost strategy, but early planning and timing of bioenergy policies with investments in R&D in agriculture is essential.
Lehrer-Schüler-Beziehung bewusst gestalten Eine Handreichung mit theoretischen Hintergrundinformationen und Umsetzungsideen für die Praxis
Creators: name: Banz, Regula
name: Rohrbach, Beatrice
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Lehrer
Schüler
Beziehung
Masterarbeit

description: Eine gute Lehrer-Schüler-Beziehung hat nachweislich einen positiven Einfluss auf das Lernen, das Verhalten, das Wohlbefinden und die Gesundheit. Lehrpersonen wie Schüler/-innen profitieren davon gleichermassen. Explizites Wissen über das Thema „Lehrer-Schüler-Beziehung“ ist Voraussetzung für eine strukturierte und regelmässige Beziehungspflege im Schulalltag. Daher ist die Entwicklung einer überschaubaren und ansprechenden Handreichung für die bewusste Gestaltung der Lehrer-Schüler-Beziehung Ziel dieser Masterarbeit. Sie basiert auf theoretischem Hintergrundwissen und beinhaltet sowohl einen kurzen Theorieabriss als auch einfach umsetz- und integrierbare Übungen für die Praxis. Die Handreichung wurde von Klassenlehrpersonen und Schulischen Heilpädagogen/-innen der Primarstufe praktisch erprobt und mittels Fragebogen evaluiert. Die Ergebnisse daraus dienten zur Optimierung der Handreichung.
Gemeinsam, frei & fair – Modelle des gemeinwirtschaftlichen Open-Access-Publizierens
Creators: name: Henkes, Lena Marie
name: Wrzesinski, Marcel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Open Access
Diamond Open Access

description: Vortrag: Gemeinsam, frei & fair – Modelle des gemeinwirtschaftlichen Open-Access-Publizierens

Wie kann Diamond Open Access als Publikationsmodell in Deutschland langfristig organisiert und nachhaltig finanziert werden? Welche gemeinschaftlichen Publikationsformen gibt es, wie funktionieren sie und welche Rollen spielen sie für die Transformation zu Diamond Open Access in Deutschland?

Im Rahmen der Open-Access-Tage 2024 (Köln) stellen Lena Marie Henkes und Marcel Wrzesinski erste Zwischenergebnisse aus dem Forschungsprojekt ELADOAH vor und geben Einblicke in die Durchführung einer Interviewstudie. Der Vortrag fand als Teil der Session 6: Diamond und Finanzierung am 11.09.2024 von 09:30-11:00 Uhr statt.

Das Projekt "Erwerbungslogik als Diamond-Open-Access-Hindernis: Aus-, Um- und Nebenwege" (ELADOAH) ist vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung gefördert (Förderkennzeichen: 16KOA027).
Present Situations and Suggestions for Large-scale Development of Chenopodium quinoa Willd.
Creators: name: LU Wei
name: WANG Xinyu
name: ZHAO Yu
name: GUO Ming
name: PEI Meiyan
name: WEI Zhimin
name: LU Chuan
name: LU Wei
name: WANG Xinyu
name: ZHAO Yu
name: GUO Ming
name: PEI Meiyan
name: WEI Zhimin
name: LU Chuan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Chenopodium quinoa Willd., Large-scale development, Present situations, Suggestions

description: In this paper, based on the study of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. planting, it is concluded that the current situations of large-scale development of C. quinoa Willd. include the following four aspects: first, the research on C. quinoa Willd. varieties needs to be strengthened; second, it is insufficient to master the training environment and cultivation techniques; third, the large-scale planting of C. quinoa Willd. is not enough; fourth, the degree of mechanization of C. quinoa Willd. planting is not enough. In view of the above situation, this paper puts forward the following effective suggestions to strengthen the large-scale development of C. quinoa Willd.: the first is to increase the investment in C. quinoa Willd. variety research; the second is to strengthen the analysis of introduction and screening of C. quinoa Willd. varieties; the third is to study the best planting environment and cultivation techniques of C. quinoa Willd.; the fourth is to increase the scale of mechanized production of C. quinoa Willd.; the fifth is to increase the research and development of C. quinoa Willd. related products and their deep processing technology.
How to Project onto an Arbitrary Single-Photon Wavepacket
Creators: name: Propp, Tzula B.
name: van Enk, Steven J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The time-frequency degree of freedom of the electromagnetic field is the final frontier for single-photon measurements. The temporal and spectral distribution a measurement retrodicts (that is, the state it projects onto) is determined by the detector's intrinsic resonance structure. In this paper, we construct ideal and more realistic positive operator-valued measures (POVMs) that project onto arbitrary single-photon wavepackets with high efficiency and low noise. We discuss applications to super-resolved measurements and quantum communication. In doing so we will give a fully quantum description of the entire photo detection process, give prescriptions for (in principle) performing single-shot Heisenberg-limited time-frequency measurements of single photons, and discuss fundamental limits and trade-offs inherent to single-photon detection.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Financial Stress And Farm Bankruptcies In U.S. Agriculture
Creators: name: Dinterman, Robert1mailto
name: Katchova, Ani1
name: Harris, J. Michael
name: Dinterman, Robert1mailto
name: Katchova, Ani1
name: Harris, J. Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: farm bankruptcies
subject: financial stress

description: We evaluate farm financial stress within the U.S. over the past twenty years and the agricultural and economic factors which have impacted farm businesses. We further evaluate the effect of the 2005 Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act (BAPCPA) on farm financial stress. In particular, Chapter 12 bankruptcies ‐‐ which can only be filed by farmers ‐‐ were only a temporary measure until BAPCPA made Chapter 12 a permanent fixture in bankruptcy law. We utilize filings of Chapter 12 bankruptcies from 1997 until 2016 as a proxy for farm financial stress. Panel fixed effects models are used to determine relevant factors affecting financial stress for farmers from agricultural and macroeconomic perspectives. Further, models incorporating pre‐ and post‐BAPCPA regimes are utilized. We find that macroeconomic factors (interest and unemployment rates) are strong predictors of farm bankruptcies for farms while agricultural land values are the only consistent strong predictor among the agricultural factors. When evaluating the post‐BAPCPA regime, only agricultural land values continue to be a significant predictor of farm bankruptcies. Our findings also indicate a dynamic relationship with agricultural land values, where current year values are negatively related but previous year land values are positively related to bankruptcies. We provide an analysis of the post‐BAPCPA regime on farm bankruptcies that was not previously evaluated. Further, our findings illuminate discussion on a potentially dynamic relationship with financial stress and agricultural land values.
Implications Of Changing Aflatoxin Standards For EU Border Controls On Nut Imports
Creators: name: Taghouti, Ibtissem1
name: Garcia-Alvarez-Coque, Jose Maria
name: Martinez-Gomez, Victor
name: Taghouti, Ibtissem1
name: Garcia-Alvarez-Coque, Jose Maria
name: Martinez-Gomez, Victor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Aflatoxins
subject: Market access
subject: Non-tariff measures
subject: tree nuts
subject: SPS

description: Due to the toxic effect of Aflatoxin (AF), the European Union has implemented strict standards regarding its maximum acceptable levels in tree nuts and peanuts. This paper evaluates the impact of changes in AF standards, a lessening of the maximum residue levels on the frequency of border controls. To do that, a count data model was proposed and estimated to test the determinants of border controls on EU imports of these products, based on political economy considerations, past alerts, path dependence effects and other scientific and economic variables. The revision of these standards has involved changes in controls and border refusals as measured by notifications at the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed. Changes in AF standards are estimated to have significant impact on the frequency of border controls.
Analysis of Marx's Theory of Urban and Rural Integration
Creators: name: ZHU Jiefang
name: ZHU Jiefang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marx, Separation and opposition between urban and rural areas, Urban and rural integration

description: Marx's theory of urban and rural integration is an indispensable part of Marx's economic theory. Using the basic principles of historical materialism, Marx explored the inevitable law of separation and opposition between urban and rural areas from the contradictory movement of productive forces and production relations, and put forward the theory of urban and rural integration. Analyzing and grasping the scientific connotation of Marx's theory of urban and rural integration has very important theoretical value and practical significance for promoting the process of China's urban-rural integration.
SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PERCEPTION OF LEADERSHIP BY HUSBAND AND WIFE IN UZBEK FAMILIES
Creators: name: Umarova, Iroda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The article presents the results of a study conducted by Uzbek psychologists based on the study of emotional relationships of spouses in families. In addition, the article reveals mutual respect and mutual understanding, as well as trust and problems between the couple in maintaining the stability of family interpersonal relations.
Neurodegenerative damage reduces firing coherence in a continuous attractor model of grid cells
Creators: name: Zhi, Yuduo
name: Cox, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Grid cells in the dorsolateral band of the medial entorhinal cortex(dMEC) display strikingly regular periodic firing patterns on a lattice of positions in 2-D space. This helps animals to encode relative spatial location without reference to external cues. The dMEC is damaged in the early stages of Alzheimer's Disease, which affects navigation ability of a disease victim, reducing the synaptic density of neurons in the network. Within an established 2-dimensional continuous attractor neural network model of grid cell activity, we introduce damage parameterized by radius and by the strength of the synaptic output for neurons in the damaged region. The proportionality of the grid field flow on the dMEX to the velocity of the model organism is maintained, but when we examine the coherence of the grid cell firing field in the form of the Fourier transform (Bragg peaks) of the grid lattice, we find that a wide range of damage radius and strength induces an incoherent structure with only a single central peak, adjacent to narrow bands of striped (two additional peaks), which abut an orthorhombic pattern (four additional peaks), that abuts the undamaged hexagonal region (six additional peaks). Within the damaged region, grid cells show no Bragg peaks, and outside the damaged region the central Bragg peak strength is largely unaffected. There is a re-entrant region of normal grid firing for very large damage area. We anticipate that the modified grid cell behavior can be observed in non-invasive fMRI imaging of the dMEC.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures
A new scenario for the origin of galactic warps
Creators: name: Revaz, Yves
name: Pfenniger, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic warps represent an old unresolved problem, since the discovery, at the end of the fifties, of the HI warp of the Milky Way. In this paper, we propose a new scenario explaining a large fraction of the observed optical warps. Based on N-body simulations, we show that realistic galactic disks, where the dark matter is essentially distributed in a disk, are subject to bending instabilities. S, U-shaped, as well as asymmetric warps are spontaneously generated and in some cases are long-lived. While this scenario presents the advantage of explaining the three observed types of warps, it also brings new constraints on the dark matter distribution in spiral galaxies. Finally, it gives us a unified picture of galaxies where galactic asymmetries, like bars, spirals and warps result from gravitational instabilities.
description: 4 pages, To appear in the proceedings of the "Island Universes: Structure and Evolution of Disk Galaxies" conference held in Terschelling, Netherlands, July 2005, ed. R. de Jong (Springer: Dordrecht)
Characterization of an architecture for front-end pixel binning in an integrating pixel array detector
Creators: name: Gadkari, D.
name: Shanks, K. S.
name: Philipp, H. T.
name: Tate, M. W.
name: Thom-Levy, J.
name: Gruner, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optimization of an area detector involves compromises between various parameters like frame rate, read noise, dynamic range and pixel size. We have implemented and tested a novel front-end binning design in a photon-integrating hybrid pixel array detector using the MM-PAD-2.0 pixel architecture. In this architecture, the pixels can be optionally binned in a 2$\times$2 pixel configuration using a network of switches to selectively direct the output of 4 sensor pixels to a single amplifier input. Doing this allows a trade-off between frame rate and spatial resolution. Tests show that the binned pixels perform well, but with some degradation on performance as compared to an un-binned pixel. The increased parasitic input capacitance does reduce the signal collected per x-ray as well as increases the noise of the pixel. The increase in noise is, however, less than the factor of 2 increase one would observe for binning in post-processing. Spatial scans across the binned pixels show that no measured signal intensity is lost at the inner binning unit boundaries. In the high flux regime, at a 2$\times$2 pixel wide beam spot (FWHM) size, binned mode responds linearly up to a photon flux of ~10$^{7}$ x-rays/s, and performs comparably with un-binned mode up to a photon flux of ~10$^{8}$ x-rays/s. While this study demonstrates a proof of concept for front-end binning in integrating detectors, we also identify changes to this early-stage prototype which can further improve the performance of binning pixel structures.
description: Revised manuscript reflecting minor proofreading changes
Adopting Bio-Energy Crops: Does Farmers Attitude toward Loss Matter?
Creators: name: Anand, Mohit
name: Miao, Ruiqing
name: Khanna, Madhu
name: Anand, Mohit
name: Miao, Ruiqing
name: Khanna, Madhu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Adoption
subject: Bioenergy Crops
subject: Expected Utility Theory
subject: Prospect Theory
subject: Miscanthus

description: This paper analyzes farmers’ willingness to grow a perennial energy crop (namely, miscanthus) while accounting for their attitude toward loss based on prospect theory. The analysis includes 1,877 U.S. counties east of the 100th Meridian that have data for corn yield and for miscanthus. We first estimate distributions of profits for miscanthus and conventional crops. The average probability of having a loss from growing miscanthus on high and low quality land for each county is calculated. We then study farmers’ optimal land allocation between miscanthus and conventional crops under prospect theory, and separately, under expected utility theory. Results show that all else equal, miscanthus production is lower when farmers’ loss aversion is considered than when loss aversion is ignored. Moreover, geographical configuration of miscanthus adoption predicted by prospect theory significantly differs from that predicted by expected utility theory.
Strictly Hermitian Positive Definite Functions
Creators: name: Pinkus, Allan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 43A35

description: Let H be any complex inner product space with inner product . We say that f : C -->C is Hermitian positive definite on H if the matrix $$(f())_{r,s=1}^n \eqno(*)$$ is Hermitian positive definite for all choice of z^1,...,z^n in H, all n. It is strictly Hermitian positive definite if the matrix (*) is also non-singular for any choice of distinct z^1,...,z^n in H. In this article we prove that if dim H >= 3, then f is Hermitian positive definite on H if and only if $$f(z) = \sum_{k,m =0}^\infty b_{k,m} z^k \oz^m \eqno(**)$$ where \oz is the conjugate of z, b_{k,m}>= 0, all k,m in Z_+, and the series converges for all z in C. We also prove that f of the form (**) is strictly Hermitian positive definite on any H if and only if the set $$J={(k, m) : b_{k,m}> 0}$$ is such that (0,0) is in J, and every arithmetic sequence in Z intersects the values {k-m : (k,m)\in J} an infinite number of times.
description: 25 pages
The Design Of The Income Stabilization Tool In Italy: Balancing Risk Pooling, Risk Reduction And Distribution Of Policy Benefits
Creators: name: Severini, Simone
name: Biagini, Luigi
name: Finger, Robert
name: Severini, Simone
name: Biagini, Luigi
name: Finger, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: income stabilisation tool
subject: policy design
subject: mutual funds
subject: risk-pooling

description: The potential impact of the income stabilisation tool (IST) is analysed on a panel of Italian farms. The paper extends the existing literature by investigating two implementation issues: level of aggregation of mutual funds (MF); definition of farmers contribution to MF. Enlarging the MF to cover more sectors/regions allows to better pool the risk making the indemnifications less variable over time. Regarding the second issue, a flat contribution is compared with a contribution proportional to the expected income of each farm. The latter approach generates a less unequal distribution of benefits among farms and more effectively reduces income variability.
Construction of Quasisymmetric Stellarators Using a Direct Coordinate Approach
Creators: name: Jorge, R.
name: Sengupta, W.
name: Landreman, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optimized stellarator configurations and their analytical properties are obtained using a near-axis expansion approach. Such configurations are associated with good confinement as the guiding center particle trajectories and neoclassical transport are isomorphic to those in a tokamak. This makes them appealing as fusion reactor candidates. Using a direct coordinate approach, where the magnetic field and flux surface functions are found explicitly in terms of the position vector at successive orders in the distance to the axis, the set of ordinary differential equations for first and second order quasisymmetry is derived. Examples of quasi-axisymmetric shapes are constructed using a pseudospectral numerical method. Finally, the direct coordinate approach is used to independently verify two hypotheses commonly associated with quasisymmetric magnetic fields, namely that the number of equations exceeds the number of parameters at third order in the expansion and that the near-axis expansion does not prohibit exact quasisymmetry from being achieved on a single flux surface.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures
Dovetailing Fairtrade And Organic Certification: How The Twin Can Meet?
Creators: name: Ruben, Ruerd
name: Ruben, Ruerd
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Standards
subject: Impact pathways
subject: Fairtrade
subject: Organic
subject: Coffee & Bananas

description: Impact analysis of effects of Fairtrade or organic certification for agro commodities are based on different pathways that pursue changes in prices, yield, net income and agricultural practices. Field studies using robust impact methods mostly register mixed results. We intend to identify possible complementarities between Fairtrade and organic standards for coffee and bananas in Peru. Since only minor output price differences are observed, and positive income effects depend mostly on yield increase due to improved input applications. Access to inputs and finance are thus critically important to enable the transition towards certified production. Impact finance may become a challenging alternative.
Probability distribution of residence-times of grains in sandpile models
Creators: name: Dhar, Deepak
name: Pradhan, Punyabrata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the probability distribution of the residence-times of sand grains in sandpile models, in the scaling limit, can be expressed in terms of the survival probability of a single diffusing particle in a medium with absorbing boundaries and space-dependent jump rates. The scaling function for the probability distribution of residence times is non-universal, and depends on the probability distribution according to which grains are added at different sites. We determine this function exactly for the 1-dimensional sandpile when grains are added randomly only at the ends. For sandpiles with grains are added everywhere with equal probability, in any dimension and of arbitrary shape, we prove that, in the scaling limit, the probability that the residence time greater than t is exp(-t/M), where M is the average mass of the pile in the steady state. We also study finite-size corrections to this function.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, extra file deleted
Heterogeneity And Spatial Interdependence In Farm Survival: Evidence From Brittany
Creators: name: Saint-Cyr, Legrand Dunold Fils
name: Storm, Hugo
name: Heckelei, Thomas2mailto
name: Piet, Laurent
name: Saint-Cyr, Legrand Dunold Fils
name: Storm, Hugo
name: Heckelei, Thomas2mailto
name: Piet, Laurent
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: EM algorithm
subject: Farm interdependence
subject: Mixture model
subject: Spatial interactions
subject: Unobserved heterogeneity

description: Accounting for spatial interdependence is relevant for the analysis of structural change in farming because of potential interactions between farms. To identify specic farms' relationships considering farm survival, a mixture modelling framework that enables capturing heterogeneity in spatial interdependence between farms is developed. An application to a panel of farms in Brittany in France from 2004 to 2014 shows that relationships between farms are more in terms of competition for land than positive spill overs of new technology adoption, leading to a negative impact of neighbouring farms' size on the probability to survive for a majority of farms.
Old Inflation in String Theory
Creators: name: Pilo, L.
name: Riotto, A.
name: Zaffaroni, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a stringy version of the old inflation scenario which does not require any slow-roll inflaton potential and is based on a specific example of string compatification with warped metric. Our set-up admits the presence of anti-D3-branes in the deep infrared region of the metric and a false vacuum state with positive vacuum energy density. The latter is responsible for the accelerated period of inflation. The false vacuum exists only if the number of anti-D3-branes is smaller than a critical number and the graceful exit from inflation is attained if a number of anti-D3-branes travels from the ultraviolet towards the infrared region. The cosmological curvature perturbation is generated through the curvaton mechanism.
description: 31 pages, 3 figures; typos corrected and reference added
Evidence for Octupole Order in Ce$_{0.7}$La$_{0.3}$B$_6$ from Resonant X-ray Scattering
Creators: name: Kusunose, Hiroaki
name: Kuramoto, Yoshio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The azimuthal angle dependence observed in the resonant X-ray scattering in phase IV of Ce$_{0.7}$La$_{0.3}$B$_6$ is analyzed theoretically. It is shown that the peculiar angle dependence observed in the E2 channel is consistent with the Gamma_{5u}-type octupole order with principal axis along (111) and equivalent directions. Under the assumption that the four equivalent octupole domains are nearly equally populated in the sample, the observed angle dependences are reproduced by calculation for both sigma-sigma' and sigma-pi' polarizations. The calculation for various symmetries of order parameters excludes unambiguously other order parameters than the Gamma_{5u}-type octupole.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables, in JPSJ format
'Computing' as Information Compression by Multiple Alignment, Unification and Search
Creators: name: Wolff, J Gerard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.0

description: This paper argues that the operations of a 'Universal Turing Machine' (UTM) and equivalent mechanisms such as the 'Post Canonical System' (PCS) - which are widely accepted as definitions of the concept of `computing' - may be interpreted as *information compression by multiple alignment, unification and search* (ICMAUS). The motivation for this interpretation is that it suggests ways in which the UTM/PCS model may be augmented in a proposed new computing system designed to exploit the ICMAUS principles as fully as possible. The provision of a relatively sophisticated search mechanism in the proposed 'SP' system appears to open the door to the integration and simplification of a range of functions including unsupervised inductive learning, best-match pattern recognition and information retrieval, probabilistic reasoning, planning and problem solving, and others. Detailed consideration of how the ICMAUS principles may be applied to these functions is outside the scope of this article but relevant sources are cited in this article.
Inflationary spectra, decoherence, and two-mode coherent states
Creators: name: Campo, David
name: Parentani, Renaud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We re-examine the question of the entropy stored in the distribution of primordial density fluctuations. To this end we make use of two-mode coherent states. These states incorporate the isotropy of the distribution as well as the temporal coherence and the semi-classical character of highly amplified modes. They also provide a lower bound for the entropy if, as one expects, decoherence processes erase the squeezing which originally characterized the distribution in inflationary models. This lower bound is one half the maximal (thermal) value. By considering backreaction effects, we also provide an upper bound for this entropy at the onset of the adiabatic era.
description: 19 pages, Latex
Monte Carlo simulation of x-ray dose distributions for direct aperture optimization of intensity modulated treatment fields
Creators: name: Bergman, Alanah Mary
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This thesis investigates methods of reducing radiation dose calculation errors as applied to a specialized x-ray therapy called intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). There are three major areas of investigation. First, limits of the popular 2D pencil beam kernel (PBK) dose calculation algorithm are explored. The ability to resolve high dose gradients is partly related to the shape of the PBK. Improvements to the spatial resolution can be achieved by modifying the dose kernel shapes already present in the clinical treatment planning system. Optimization of the PBK shape based on measured-to-calculated test pattern dose comparisons reduces the impact of some limitations of this algorithm. However, other limitations remain (e.g. assuming spatial invariance, no modeling of extra-focal radiation, and no modeling of lateral electron transport). These limitations directed this thesis towards the second major investigation - Monte Carlo (MC) simulation for IMRT. MC is considered to be the "gold standard" for radiation dose calculation accuracy. This investigation incorporates MC calculated beamlets of dose deposition into a direct aperture optimization (DAO) algorithm for IMRT inverse planning (MC-DAO) . The goal is to show that accurate tissue inhomogeneity information and lateral electronic transport information, combined with DAO, will improve the quality/accuracy of the patient treatment plan. MC simulation generates accurate beamlet dose distributions in traditionally difficultto- calculate regions (e.g. air-tissue interfaces or small (≤ 5 cm² ) x-ray fields). Combining DAO with MC beamlets reduces the required number of radiation units delivered by the linear accelerator by ~30-50%. The MC method is criticized for having long simulation times (hours). This can be addressed with distributed computing methods and data filtering ('denoising'). The third major investigation describes a practical implementation of the 3D Savitzky-Golay digital filter for MC dose 'denoising'. This thesis concludes that MC-based DAO for IMRT inverse planning is clinically feasible and offers accurate modeling of particle transport and dose deposition in difficult environments where lateral electronic dis-equilibrium exists.
Peaks in the Hartle-Hawking Wave Function from Sums over Topologies
Creators: name: Anderson, M.
name: Carlip, S.
name: Ratcliffe, J.
name: Surya, S.
name: Tschantz, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent developments in ``Einstein Dehn filling'' allow the construction of infinitely many Einstein manifolds that have different topologies but are geometrically close to each other. Using these results, we show that for many spatial topologies, the Hartle-Hawking wave function for a spacetime with a negative cosmological constant develops sharp peaks at certain calculable geometries. The peaks we find are all centered on spatial metrics of constant negative curvature, suggesting a new mechanism for obtaining local homogeneity in quantum cosmology.
description: 16 pages,LaTeX, no figures; v2: some changes coming from revision of a math reference: wave function peaks sharp but not infinite; v3: added paragraph in intro on interpretation of wave function
Belisana Thorell 1898
Creators: name: Tong, Yanfeng
name: Li, Shuqiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Pholcidae
Belisana

description: Belisana Thorell, 1898
 Belisana Thorell, 1898: 278; Simon, 1903: 988; Simon, 1909: 81; Deeleman-Reinhold, 1986: 46–48; Huber, 2001: 124–126; Huber, 2005a: 1–126. Type species: Belisana tauricornis Thorell, 1898.
description: Published as part of Tong, Yanfeng & Li, Shuqiang, 2008, Four New Species Of Six-Eyed Pholcid Spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) From Hainan Island, China, pp. 45-53 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 56 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4509100
Measuring The Effects Of The EU School Fruit Scheme Based On Consumption Recalls And Real Choice Behaviour
Creators: name: Lingl, Christoph
name: Staudigel, Matthias
name: Roosen, Jutta
name: Lingl, Christoph
name: Staudigel, Matthias
name: Roosen, Jutta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: double-difference
subject: school fruit scheme
subject: fruit and vegetables
subject: policy evaluation
subject: quasiexperiment

description: We assess the effect of the European School Fruit Scheme (SFS) on children’s fruit and vegetable (FV) intake frequencies and choice behaviour. We collect consumption data in a quasi-experiment and estimate the SFS’s treatment effect via double-difference models. Results indicate that the SFS raised children’s intake frequency of FV by 30- 50 %. Results further suggest a decreasing effect of the SFS on the probability of choosing apples over cookies in actual choice situations for certain subgroups. These findings call for increased attention to heterogeneous behaviour and the importance of personal and socio-economic mediators both in research and policy design.
$B_{d,s}^0 \to f_1 f_1$ decays with $f_1(1285)-f_1(1420)$ mixing in the perturbative QCD approach
Creators: name: Jiang, Zewen
name: Yao, De-Hua
name: Zou, Zhi-Tian
name: Liu, Xin
name: Li, Ying
name: Xiao, Zhen-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the $B_{d,s}^0 \to f_1 f_1$ decays in the framework of perturbative QCD(PQCD) approach with a referenced value $ϕ_{f_1} \sim 24^\circ$. Here, $f_1$ denotes the axial-vector mesons $f_1(1285)$ and $f_1(1420)$ with mixing angle $ϕ_{f_1}$ in the quark-flavor basis. The observables such as branching ratios, direct CP violations, and polarization fractions of the $B_s^0 \to f_1 f_1$ decays are predicted for the first time. We find that: (i) the almost pure penguin modes $B_s^0 \to f_1 f_1$ have large branching ratios in the order of $10^{-6} \sim 10^{-5}$ due to the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa enhancement and generally constructive interferences between the amplitudes of $B_s^0 \to f_n f_s$ and $B_s^0 \to f_s f_s$ with $f_n$ and $f_s$ being the quark-flavor states of $f_1$ mesons; (ii) The observables receive important contributions from the weak annihilation diagrams in the PQCD approach. In particular, without the annihilation contributions, the $B_s^0 \to f_1(1420) f_1(1420)$ branching ratio will decrease about 81% and its longitudinal polarization fraction will reduce around 43%. And (iii) the dependence of the $B_{d,s}^0 \to f_1 f_1$ decay rates on $ϕ_{f_1}$ exhibits some interesting line shapes, whose confirmations would be helpful to constrain the determination of $ϕ_{f_1}$ inversely. All the PQCD predictions await for the (near) future examinations at Large Hadron Collider beauty and/or Belle-II experiments to further understand the properties of the axial-vector mesons and the perturbative dynamics released from the considered decay modes.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures, and 6 tables. the values in (A12) corrected, the numerical results and conclusions remain unchanged
Dephasing Time in a Two-Dimensional Electron Fermi Liquid
Creators: name: Eshkol, M.
name: Eisenberg, E.
name: Karpovski, M.
name: Palevski, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation of coherent quantum transport phenomena in metals and semiconductors is limited by the eventual loss of phase coherence of the conducting electrons. We use the weak localization effect to measure the low-temperature dephasing time in a two-dimensional electron Fermi liquid in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. We use a novel temperature calibration method based on the integer quantum Hall effect in order to directly measure the electrons' temperature. The data are in excellent agreement with recent theoretical results, including contributions from the triplet channel, for a broad temperature range. We see no evidence for saturation of the dephasing time down to around 100mK. Moreover, the zero-temperature dephasing time is extrapolated to be higher than 4ns.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
title: Interactivity, computers and orthodontic training for undergraduates
Creators: name: Grigg, Penny
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2005

description: This phenomenological study investigates the interactivity taking place when students use computer-assisted-learning (CAL) in orthodontics and what can be inferred about why these interactions occur. CAL has been proposed in orthodontics because it provides an opportunity to follow a case through to completion. This training is needed if only to give all dentists sufficient knowledge to identify and refer cases for treatment. Two programs have been developed for the pilot: an introductory e-book and a narrative case study based on real records that takes students through a series of decisions relating to case assessment, treatment planning and appliance design.

The mixed-methodology approach of the main study uses activity theory to provide a. framework combining qualitative and quantitative data to analyse the interactivity of 48 students as they work through the case study. Observations and transcripts of recordings of conversations between pairs of students, together with post-session interviews, facilitate a deeper understanding of students' conceptions of orthodontics particularly when they explain their reasoning in negotiations over answers, clarified where necessary by data recorded by computer activity log-files. The linear sequence of questions in the program allows students'interactions to be compared on a "like-for-like" basis.

Activity systems are used to identify various tensions in students' responses whilst using CAL, facilitating a deeper understanding of the observed interactivity. A phenomenological profile of the students has been developed based on these interactions, particularly in response to the unexpected caused by the complex reality of the case. Further supporting quantitative data is obtained from a questionnaire survey and end-of-year examination results used to provide contextual background material particularly when presenting the results to a domain heavily dominated by a scientific epistemology.

Throughout the program many students seem to ignore features not in their immediate focus. Students' reactions to the unexpected (extraction of 7s) indicates about half of the students are so reliant on simplified taught procedure they are unable to relate the extractions to these "hidden" features. Other students adopt a deeper approach and are able to identify reasons why the unexpected occurs. The program has been found to promote an active approach to learning in most students, whether their approach is surface or deep. Most students learn from the feedback provided by the program, even when this feedback is not explicit on a point. Students also benefit from working with a partner. The deeper understanding of students' misconceptions afforded by the adopted research methodology enables the development of guidelines for the future design of CAL in dentistry.
title: Investigation of dendritic cells as a vector for vaccine delivery
Creators: name: Healey, Gareth D.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2005

description: Dendritic cells (DC) are an attractive target for both vaccine targeting and use as a delivery vehicle due to their ability to direct innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study a procedure was developed where DC were employed as a vehicle to induce cell-mediated immune responses to the Gram negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei. This bacterium is the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease endemicto areas of south-east Asia and northern Australia, to which presently no licensed vaccine exists.

Purified DC were pulsed with heat-killed (HK) whole cell B. pseudomallei and used to immunise syngeneic mice. The use of this immunisation method elicited strong cellular immune responses against B. pseudomallei, which have historically been difficult to generate. Antibody responses following immunisation with DC were low. Booster immunisations of either a second dose of HK B. pseudomallei pulsed DC or HK B.pseudomallei in MPL + TDM adjuvant were administered to increase the immuneresponse. Immunised animals were challenged with fully virulent B. pseudomallei and protection was demonstrated in animals immunised with a combination of HK B. pseudomallei pulsed DC and HK B. pseudomallei delivered in MPL + TDM adjuvant. The protective immune response demonstrated was then further elucidated to reveal arole for both cell-mediated and humoral immunity in protection against B. pseudomallei infection. The data also demonstrate the potential for DC as vaccine delivery vectors and as a screening mechanism for the evaluation of potential vaccine candidates.
UNA NUEVA METODOLOGÍA EN PLANEACION ESTRATEGICA COMO UN RECURSO BASICO EN LA GANADERÍA LECHERA. Versión 2017
A New Planning Strategy Methodology as a resource in dairy farming. 2017 Version
Creators: name: Valdés, Alfredo Aguilar
name: Agustín Cabral M.,
name: M., Luis F. Alvarado
name: M., Tomás Alvarado
name: Marcial., Roberto David Rubio
name: Valdés, Alfredo Aguilar
name: Agustín Cabral M.,
name: M., Luis F. Alvarado
name: M., Tomás Alvarado
name: Marcial., Roberto David Rubio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: UALAE method, stages, flexible.

description: The UALAE methodology is a theoretical protocol, complemented with practical aspects that are observed on a daily basis in agricultural enterprises. This methodology consists of twelve consecutive stages that are used to determine the conditions and status of the company to which it is applied. These are mission, vision, objectives, policies, programs, strategies, tactics, diagnostic, forecasting, conclusions and recommendations, controls, and finally, the presentation of the results. As an exercise, this methodology deals with basic theoretical aspects that need to be supported or complemented by the practical characteristics of agricultural enterprises. The complexity depends on the geographical location and the company's size, whether it is at a local, regional, national, or international level. The methodology is flexible and can be adapted to the size and type of agricultural enterprise to which it is applied.
IMPACTO DE LA CADENA DE VALOR EN EL MARGEN DE UTILIDAD BRUTA EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE DESTILADOS DE AGAVE
Impact of the Value Chain in Gross Profit Margin in the Production of Agave Distillates
Creators: name: Díaz Víquez Antonio
name:  Pérez Hernández Amalia
name:  Hernández Ávila Jesús
name:  Casto García María Guadalupe
name: Díaz Víquez Antonio
name:  Pérez Hernández Amalia
name:  Hernández Ávila Jesús
name:  Casto García María Guadalupe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: marketing, cost, strategies, manufacturing, innovation, integration, maintenance

description: The value proposition is intended to solve a problem or meet a customer's need. This implies that the value proposition is a series of advantages that an agribusiness offers its customers. Every company integrates a set of interrelated activities, such as product design, procurement of productive resources, programming and commissioning of production, personnel management, logistics operations and product distribution to customers, including other. In turn, the company gains a competitive advantage to the extent that performs at a lower cost and more efficiently than its competitors, in those chain activities that are strategically important. In the value chain are considered different processes / activities, where it is desirable for each process costs quantified and its value drivers are identified, which generates a strategic landscape that demands make efforts to add value and control costs (Fernandez, 2006). The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact that the value chain of production of distilled agave in Gross Profit, considering the costs of the activity of the same production process, from the continued cultivation to packaging for distribution .
title: Influence of soil water regime on nitrogen availability and plant competition in wet meadows
Creators: name: Araya, Yoseph Negusse
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2005

description: Identified ecological drivers controlling the equilibrium of species coexistence in wet meadows include site hydrology, soil nutrient availability and grazing. Of these, depth and annual variation of the water table has been considered as a primary factor and been frequently used in management decisions. A mechanistic understanding of how water regime influences species coexistence is thus vital for guiding conservation practices. In this context, this thesis explores the involvement of nitrogen availability, an often limiting resource which may be dependent on soil water regime. Laboratory and mesocosm experiments alongside field observations were undertaken to explore the interrelationships between water regime, nitrogen availability and plant competition.Three coexisting meadow species: meadow fescue, Festuca pratensis, common sedge, Carex nigra and greater burnet, Sanguisorba officinalis, were used to study the consequences in plant competition.

Study of soil nitrogen mineralization revealed a depression in mineralized nitrogen asmatric potential approached zero. This depression coincided with soil air-filled porespace of less than 10%. The changes in water tension were accompanied by changes in soil microbial community composition as indicated by their phospholipid fatty acid signatures. Mesocosm study of F. pratensis and C. nigra grown on a gradient of constant water regime showed Significant differences in biomass production and tissue nitrogen concentration. Individually and in competition the species responded by modifying resource allocation to reproductive/vegetative as well as shoot/root tissues. Nitrogen fertilization removed the influence of water regime on biomass production and tissue nitrogen concentration of C. nigra and S. officinalis. However, it did not significantly negate the influence of water regime on plant competitive response. Direct field observation in a species-rich meadow confirmed species richness, biomass production and tissue nitrogen concentration were correlated to both soil water regime and nitrogen availability. A multivariate ordination of all recorded species along measured gradients of soil water regime, nitrogen availability and plant tissue nutrient concentrations indicated evidence of niche separation between species.