Syneches striatus Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Menezes, Isis Sá
name: Ale-Rocha, Rosaly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Hybotidae
Syneches
Syneches striatus

description: Syneches striatus sp. nov.
(Figs 80–86, 113, 122)
Diagnosis. Antenna with scape and pedicel dark brown; postpedicel long, ovate, pale yellow, 1/3 longer than length of scape and pedicel combined. Scutum light brown except anterior region at acrostichal area, intra-alar region, narrow longitudinal stripe at prescutellar disc and anterior half of postpronotal lobe brown; pleura pale brown, except anepisternum, anterior half of katepisternum, anepimeron and laterotergite, brown; scutellum with three pairs of setae, apical pair absent. Hind femur slightly enlarged; hind femur brown with 1 preapical yellow ring, fore and mid femora yellow with basal, median and preapical brown rings, fore and hind tibia yellow with 1 sub-basal and 1 median or preapical brown ring; wing sub-hyaline, pterostigma large, rectangular, brownish stain at apex of Sc and R2+3, tenuous brown infuscation on transverse veins.
Description. Holotype ♂. Body: 3.5 mm. Wing: 3.4 mm. Head. Ocellar triangle protuberant with sparse golden pruinescence. Face dark brown to black, with dense grey pruinescence. Antenna with scape and pedicel dark brown covered with golden brown pruinescence and pale yellow postpedicel; scape long, same length as pedicel; pedicel with ventral marginal setae reaching middle length of postpedicel; postpedicel elongate, 1/3 longer than length of scape and pedicel combined, ovate, 2.6 longer than wide, with short pale golden setulae and 1 sub-basal dorsal seta longer than length of postpedicel; stylus about 2.5 times length of antenna, with short pale golden setulae, bare on distal 1/4. Proboscis light brown; palpus yellow, with short golden setulae, elongate, about half length of proboscis, with 1 apical, 1 ventral median and 1 ventral long seta before middle. Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum brown, with golden pruinescence, long and sparse marginal setae. Scutum high, same height as mesopleuron; light brown with pale golden pruinescence, except anterior region at acrostichal area, intra-alar region, narrow longitudinal stripe at prescutellar disc and anterior half of postpronotal lobe, brown; setae brown, longer at prescutellar disc; 6 series of acrostichal setae and 1 dorsocentral series; scutellum light brown with central portion brown. Pleura pale brown except anepisternum, anterior half of katepisternum, anepimeron and laterotergite brown, with pale golden pruinescence. Chaetotaxy: 2 long and robust acr and 1 dc seta with apices curved ventrally, on prescutellar disc; 2 long, robust and widely separated npl; 1 long and slender pal; scutellum with 1 pair of long and robust subapical setae and 3 lateral weak setae about 1/3 length of subapical pair, apical pair absent. Legs. Elongate, fore and hind femora slightly enlarged. Coxae with pale golden pruinescence; coxae, trochanters and tarsomeres 3–5 brown; mid tibia, fore and mid tarsomeres 1–2 and hind tarsomere 2 yellow; hind femur brown with 1 preapical yellow ring; hind tarsomere 1 brown with apical 1/3 yellow, fore and mid femora yellow with basal, median and preapical brown rings (tenuous on mid femur); fore tibia yellow with 1 sub-basal and 1 median brown ring; hind tibia yellow with 1 sub-basal and 1 preapical brown ring. Fore tibia with 4 setae on D surface and 1 preapical PD seta. Mid femur with AV and PV rows of long setae, stronger on basal half. Mid tibia with 1 submedial AD seta,1/4 length of tibia and 1 preapical AD seta; 1 apical AV seta; one before middle and one apical PV seta; 1 preapical P seta; PD surface with 1 seta after middle and 1 preapical seta. Hind femur with 1 preapical D seta; AD row with 5 setae; 1 preapical PV seta; 4 long and strong AV setae intercalated with short setae. Hind tibia with 1 AV and 1 A apical seta; AD surface with 1 seta before middle and 1 preapical seta; 1 apical PD and 1 PD slender preapical seta. Hind tarsomere 1 with AV row of short and robust setae. Wing (Fig. 113). Subhyaline, with large brown rectangular pterostigma, almost twice longer than wide, located at end of R1, brownish stain at apex of Sc and R2+3, tenuous brown infuscation on transverse veins; R2+3 with apex slightly curved upward. Abdomen. About 2.0 times length of thorax. Brown, except for light brown first tergite and half of second tergite; with reddish brown pruinescence. Setae brown and sparse, longer and abundant laterally, dorsal setae short. Tergite 8 longer than usual, twice longer than wide, with central portion unsclerotized and distal margin more sclerotized than basal margin (Fig. 83); sternite 8 trapezoidal (Fig. 84). Terminalia (Figs 80–82): elongate; hypandrium rather short and wide with medial deep cleft on distal margin forming two large rounded lobes, bearing long apical seta each, extending beyond apex of phallus; epandrial lamella wide with rounded apex and medium sized setae; phallus elongate with two small lateral more sclerotized protuberances and triangular apex; postgonite wide, simple and longer than phallus. Female. As in male. Terminalia short (Figs 85, 86): sternite 8 short, narrowed at base; tergite 8 short, about twice wider than long; cercus short and ovate, half-length of tergite 10.
Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (INPA): BRASIL, Amazonas, Querari (pelotão) 1°5′N- 69°51′W / 06.iv- 15.v.1993, J. Vidal / Holótipo, Syneches striatus, Menezes & Ale-Rocha (red label). Specimen in good conditions. PARATYPES: BRASIL. Amazonas, Tabatinga, 11–14.vii.1981, Socorro & Vidal, Arm[adilha] Malaise (1 ♀, INPA); same data as holotype (1♀; MZUSP; 2 ♀, INPA); Parque Nacional do Jaú, 29.vii.–8.viii.2001, 01°53′42″ S 61°35′ 01″W, Arm[adilha] Malaise, campinarana alta, Henriques & Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); Rio Carabinani, Boa Vista, 02°01′05″ S 61°32′ 19″W, 29–31.vii.1995, Varredura, J.A. Rafael & J.F. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); idem, Malaise (1 ♀, INPA); Rio Unini, Democracia, 01°43′54″ S 61°54′ 32″W, 20–24.vi.1996, A.L. Henriques, J. Vidal & F. Oliveira, Arm[adilha] Malaise (2 ♀, INPA); Ig[arapé] Miratucu/ Ig[arapé] do Gerlei, 01°57′00″ S 61°49′ 00″W, 23–28.vii.1995, Arm[adilaha] Malaise, J.A Rafael & J. Vidal (2 ♀, INPA); Rio Carabinani, Ig[arapé] Ipiranga, 02°03′05″ S 61°33′ 32″W, 29– 31.vii.1995, Arm[adilha] Malaise, J.A Rafael & J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); Igarapé Patauá, 01°53′16″ S 61°44′ 07″W, 23– 28.vii.1995, Varredura, J.A. Rafael & J. F. Vidal (2 ♀, INPA); Rio Jaú, Meriti, Mun[icipio] Novo Airão, 4–10.vi.1994, J.A. Rafael (1 ♀, INPA); Rio Jaú, Malaise, Mata alta, 24.x.1993, J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); Manaus, PDBFF /WWF, Proj: Bert Klein, x.1984, Malaise, Reserva 1112 (1 ♀, INPA); iii.1985, Reserva 1208 (1 ♀, INPA); vi.1985, Reserva 1112 (1 ♀, INPA); vii.1985, Reserva 1301 (2 ♀, INPA); vii.1985, Reserva 1208 (2 ♀, INPA); iii.1986, Reserva 1113 (1 ♀, INPA); iv.1986, Reserva 1208 (1 ♀, INPA); ii.1986, Reserva 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); vi.1985, Reserva 1208 (1 ♀, INPA); xii.1985, Reserva 1208 (1 ♀, INPA); iv.1986, Reserva 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); 26.ii.1985, Reserva 1112 (1 ♀, INPA); v.1986, Reserva 1112 (2 ♀, INPA); iv.1986, Reserva 1112 (1 ♀, INPA); vi.1985, Reserva 1210 (1 ♀, INPA); vi.1985, Reserva 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); vii.1985, Reserva 1208 (1 ♀, INPA); vii.1984, Reserva 1208 (1 ♀, MZUSP; 14 ♀, INPA); vi.1984, Reserva 1112 (1 ♀, INPA); xi.1984, Reserva 1208 (1 ♀, INPA); vi.1986, Reserva 1208 (1 ♀, INPA); ii.1985, Reserva 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); i.1985, Reserva 1112 (1 ♀, INPA); vii.1984, Reserva 1112 (1 ♀, INPA); viii.1985, Reserva 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); iv.1985, Reserva 1208 (1 ♀, INPA); iv.1987, Reserva 1208 (1 ♀, INPA); iii.1985, Reserva 1210 (2 ♀, INPA); iv.1985, Reserva 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); BR-174, KM-72, Faz[enda] Dimona, 11–14.vi.1993, F.F. Xavier, Varredura (1 ♀, INPA); Res[erva] KM-41, PDBFF, 21–22.vii.2004, Trilha AB B-SB, R Querino (1 ♀, INPA); ZF-3, Faz[azenda] Esteio, vii.1986, J.A. Rafael (1 ♀, INPA); F[azenda] Esteio, BR-174, KM-41, ZF3, 24–27.viii.1993, F.F. Xavier (1 ♀, INPA); idem 21–23.x.1993 (1 ♀, INPA); AM-010, KM-54, BI-2, 02°45′33″ S 59°51′ 03″W, 21– 31.vii.1997, Susp[ensa] baixa, mata, J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); 21–30. X.1997, J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); KM 30, 02°51′47″ S 59°55′ 51″W, F.L. Oliveira col., Arm[adilha] Malaise, 29.v.–6.vi.1996 (1 ♀, INPA); KM-21, Reserva [Adolpho] Ducke, x.2001, J. F. Vidal, Malaise (1 ♀, INPA); Ig[arapé] Acará, Malaise, 2.ix.1993, J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); idem, 5.viii.1992 (2 ♂, INPA); idem, 5.viii.1993 (2 ♂, INPA); idem, 2.v.1990, R.A. Rocha & J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); Igarapé Barro Branco, Armadilha Malaise, 8–18.xi.2004, Henriques, A. leg. (1 ♀, INPA); idem, Malaise 3, 13–23.ix.2004 (1 ♀, INPA); Igarapé Tinga, Arm[adilha] Suspensa 20 m, 14–24.vi.2004, Henriques, A. leg. (1 ♀, INPA); INPA-V8, 27.ix.1982, J.A. Rafael (1 ♀, INPA); Lábrea, Sítio São Raimundo, Ramal Apaeral, KM 0 9, 07°19′10″ S 64°40′ 07″W, vi.2006, Arm[adilha] Malaise, Xavier Filho, F.F. (2 ♀, INPA); Pará, Benevides, F. Morelandia, 14.xi.1986, J.A. Rafael, Arm[adilha] Malaise (1 ♀, INPA); Óbidos, Sítio Curió, 01°47′03″ S 55°07′ 05″W, 29.viii.–8.ix.2001, Malaise, J.A. Rafael & J. F. Vidal (2 ♀, INPA); Rio Trombetas, Cruz Alta, 25–28.vii.1992, Arm. Malaise, J. Vidal (1 ♂, INPA). VENEZUELA. T. P. Amaz., Cerro de la Neblina, Basecamp, 140 m, 0°51′N 66°10′W, 10–20.ii.1985, Malaise trap in rainforest, P.J. & P.M. Spangler, R.A. Faitoute & W.E. Steiner cols. (1 ♂, USNM).
Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas, Pará), Venezuela (Fig. 122).
Comments. The new species is easily distinguished from congeners by having brown rings on the legs, which gives a striped appearance to the specimen, and postpedicel long when compared with the other species (it is comparatively smaller than in S. longiflagellatus, which has very long postpedicel, 3.5 times longer than scape and pedicel together).
Etymology. From the Latin striatus = streak, band, in reference to the coloration of the legs, yellow with brown rings.
description: Published as part of Menezes, Isis Sá & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2016, Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), pp. 401-442 in Zootaxa 4103 (5) on pages 429-431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/267788