cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Review on Suitability of Available LCIA Methodologies for Assessing Environmental Impact of the Food Sector
Creators: name: Amani, Pegah
name: Schiefer, Gerhard
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2011
Subjects: food chain sustainability; environmental impact; life cycle impact assessment (LCIA); LCIA methodologies

description: Production, processing, distribution, and consumption of a wide variety of products in the food sector have different ranges of environmental impacts. Methodologies used in environmental impact assessment differ in which set of impact categories is covered and which models are used to assess them. In the food sector, life cycle assessment results are mostly presented without any clear distinction of the principles applied to selecting the relevant methodology. In this paper, the most relevant life cycle impact assessment methodologies are determined from the list of recommended methodologies published recently in the international reference life cycle data system (ILCD) handbook. The range of the relevant impacts covered is considered as the main indicator decisive in selecting a methodology. The selection of the relevant set of impact categories is performed through an overview of more than 50 recent LCA case studies of different products in the sector. The result of the research is a short list of three LCIA methodologies recommended to be used for environmental impact assessment of products in the food sector.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 2, No 2 (2011)
Linear Viscoelasticity of Dumbbells Interacting via Gaussian Soft-Core Potential
Creators: name: Uneyama, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In polymer melts, the interaction between segments are considered to be screened and the ideal Gaussian chain statistics is recovered. The experimental fact that linear viscoelasticity of unentangled polymers can be well described by the Rouse model is naively considered as due to this screening effect. Although various theoretical models are based on the screening effect and the screening effect is believed to be reasonable, the screening effect cannot be fully justified on a solid theoretical basis. In this work, we study the screening effect by utilizing a simple dumbbell type model. We perform simulations for dumbbell systems in which particles interact via the Gaussian soft-core potential. We show that, if the density of dumbbells is high, the Gaussian soft-core interaction is actually screened and the static structures are well described by the ideal model without Gaussian soft-core interaction. We also show that the relaxation moduli of interacting dumbbell systems approximately coincide to those of the non-interacting dumbbell systems. In the low density systems, we observe the deviations from the ideal non-interacting systems. For example, the relaxation moduli become relatively broad. However, the relaxation moduli of such systems can be decomposed into the relaxation modes by the Gaussian soft-core interaction and the bond. The bond relaxation mode can be successfully described by a single Maxwell relaxation with effective relaxation strength and time. Our results support a naive use of the Rouse model to analyze unentangled polymer melts.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi (J. Soc. Rheol. Jpn.)
Sustainability in the Food Sector: Rethinking the Relationship between the Agro‐Food System and the Natural, Social, Economic and Institutional Environments - Selected papers, 119th Seminar of the EAAE ‐
Creators: name: Cicia, Gianni
name: Fritz, Melanie
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2011
Subjects: sustainability; food sector

description: Sustainability in the Food Sector: Rethinking the Relationship between the Agro‐Food System and the Natural, Social, Economic and Institutional Environments

Special issue with a selection of papers presented at the 119th Seminar of the European Association for Agricultural Economics (EAAE), Capri, Italy, June 30 - July 2, 2010

Editors of the special issue:

Gianni Cicia, University of Naples, Italy
Melanie Fritz, University of Bonn, Germany
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 2, No 3 (2011): Special issue on sustainability in the food sector
Evaluation of the impact of climate change of hydropower generation in Ethiopia, a case of upper awash river basin
Creators: name: Shoro, Keneni Elias
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 333.7 Natural resources, energy and environment
subject: 550 Earth sciences
subject: 620 Engineering & allied operations

description: In this study, two scenarios of hydropower generation were developed based on two scenarios of climate change, namely RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 (see Fifth Assessment Report, AR5 of IPCC). Simulation results of three future periods, 2019 – 2040, 2041 – 2070 and 2071 – 2100, were compared with the actual state (2006 – 2014). The results of modelling revealed that there will be a decrease in hydropower energy by about 15 % in the last decade of the 21st Century under RCP8.5 scenario. Based on RCP4.5, an increment of 8 % was simulated for 2019 – 2040. But in the last period it is with ca. 1 % negligible.
Group Rewards and Individual Sanctions in Environmental Policy
Creators: name: Dijkstra, Bouwe R.
name: Rubbelke, Dirk T.G.
name: Dijkstra, Bouwe R.
name: Rubbelke, Dirk T.G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Team Incentive Scheme
subject: Stochastic Pollution
subject: UK Climate Change Agreements

description: We examine an incentive scheme for a group of agents, where all agents are rewarded if the group meets its target. If the group does not meet its target, only the agents that meet their individual target are rewarded. In environmental policy, the EU burden sharing agreement and the UK Climate Change Agreements feature this incentive scheme. There is only a difference in outcome between group and individual rewards if emissions are stochastic. Group rewards generally lead to higher expected emissions than individual rewards. The attraction of the group reward scheme may lie in its fairness and its tough-looking targets.
Coordinate descent methods beyond smoothness and separability
Creators: name: Chorobura, Flavia
name: Necoara, Ion
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper deals with convex nonsmooth optimization problems. We introduce a general smooth approximation framework for the original function and apply random (accelerated) coordinate descent methods for minimizing the corresponding smooth approximations. Our framework covers the most important classes of smoothing techniques from the literature. Based on this general framework for the smooth approximation and using coordinate descent type methods we derive convergence rates in function values for the original objective. Moreover, if the original function satisfies a growth condition, then we prove that the smooth approximations also inherits this condition and consequently the convergence rates are improved in this case. We also present a relative randomized coordinate descent algorithm for solving nonseparable minimization problems with the objective function relative smooth along coordinates w.r.t. a (possibly nonseparable) differentiable function. For this algorithm we also derive convergence rates in the convex case and under the growth condition for the objective.
description: 40 pages
Martin Bartelheim / Primitiva Bueno Ramírez / Michael Kunst (Hrsg.), Key Resources and Sociocultural Developments in the Iberian Chalcolithic
Creators: name: Brandherm, Dirk
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2021

description: Rezension zu: Martin Bartelheim / Primitiva Bueno Ramírez / Michael Kunst (Hrsg.), Key Resources and Sociocultural Developments in the Iberian Chalcolithic. RessourcenKulturen Band 6. Tübingen Library Publishing, Tübingen 2017. ISBN 978-3-946552-12-3 (Hardcover). ISBN 978-3-946552-13-0 (PDF, Open Access). doi: https://doi.org/10.15496/publikation-19737. 312 Seiten mit zahlreichen farbigen Abbildungen
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 98 2020(2021)
Floristics and successional patterns of microbiotic crusts in ponderosa pine forests of Southern Inland British Columbia
Creators: name: Williston, Patrick
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Microbiotic crusts are an important component of the ecology and species diversity of terrestrial ecosystems in semiarid regions. This study documents 72 lichen species and 48 bryophyte species occurring in the ponderosa pine forests Of southern inland British Columbia and contains a key to common species. Successional patterns are described for vascular plants, lichens, and bryophytes along a disturbance gradient reflecting past grazing activity by livestock. While species richness among vascular plants varied little with disturbance, microbiotic species richness was found to differ significantly. Maximum richness occurred in moderately disturbed sites. Indicator species for early versus late successional sites were discerned using Principal Components Analysis. Early successional sites were often dominated by xerophytic crustose and squamulose lichens, while late successional sites also supported foliose lichens, fruticose lichens, and bryophytes. It is hypothesized that this trend from smaller to larger species relates to increased moisture retention, and denotes a positive feedback mechanism. This study describes the floristics and successional patterns of microbiotic crusts; this is important for managing species diversity in one of British Columbia's most restricted ecosystems.
Responsible Research Assessment (RRA):State-of-the-art and the way ahead
Creators: name: Rijcke, Sarah De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Responsible Research Assessment (RRA)
Open Science
Responsible Metrics

description: Keynote address for the Norwegian Network for Administration and Research Management (NARMA) Conference 2021. Key findings from a new global survey of Responsible Research Assessment policies and practices in the participant organisations of the Global Research Council (GRC). The report was published alongside the November 2020 Global Research Council (GRC) virtual conference on responsible research assessment—and it was co-authored by a team drawn from DORA, the Research on Research Institute, CWTS in Leiden, and the National Research Foundation of South Africa. https://researchonresearch.org/tpost/f1bfxzkiz1-new-rori-working-paper-the-changing-role Progress update from Leiden University’s Recognition & Rewards steering group, and in particular “Academia in Motion,” a vision document for new Recognition and Reward mechanisms at Leiden University. The paper sets out the basic principles for Leiden, our aims, progress, and challenges. This is part of a larger, national initiative in the Netherlands for a new form of recognition and rewards in academia. This was sparked by concerns at all universities about the heavy workload, the quality of assessment and the lack of transparency in career policy. An influential coalition of funders, the association of universities and that of the medical centers published a position paper ‘Room for everyone’s talent’, and this lays out the ambitions for culture change, including more Open Science; a better balance between teaching and research; but also greater recognition of team science; and the elimination of simplistic assessment criteria.
Are Workers' Enterprises Entry Policies Conventional
Creators: name: Moretto, Michele
name: Rossini, Gianpaolo
name: Moretto, Michele
name: Rossini, Gianpaolo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: One of the main reasons why workers' enterprises (WE) still represent a relevant chunk of the economy may lie in some affinities with conventional profit maximizing firms. To prove this, we compare the entry policies of WEs and conventional firms when they can decide size at entry while having to stick to it afterwards. Even though short run differences remain, a long run coincidence appears besides that under certainty. Endogenizing size and time of entry in an uncertain dynamic environment we see that WEs enter at the same trigger and size of conventional firms. Both of them wait less and choose a dimension larger than the minimum efficient scale. This may be another way to explain why WE are still an important share of the economy (Hesse and Cihàk, 2007) despite the ongoing mantra of their imminent demise.
Sobolev of the Euler School
Creators: name: Kutateladze, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 01A72, 46F99

description: This is a short overview of the origins of distribution theory as well as the life of Sergei Sobolev (1908--1989) and his contribution to the formation of the modern outlook of mathematics.
description: 11 pages; a few typos corrected
The Neoliberal Myth in Latin America: The Cases of Mexico and Argentina in the 90s
Creators: name: Ronchi, Veronica
name: Ronchi, Veronica
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: Latin America
subject: Mexico
subject: Argentina
subject: '90s
subject: Neoliberalism

description: During the '90s most Latin American countries were submitted to neoliberal structural reform policies. Neoliberal policies imposed market supremacy, reduced the State's role in the economy and deregulated the markets. This paper aims at describing how these policies affected the most important macroeconomic indexes, with special emphasis on Argentina and Mexico, the two countries that suffered most from the economic crises of the '80s and '90s, and where the neoliberal policies were applied with greater orthodoxy. In spite of a slight improvement in some macroeconomic indexes, in Latin America neoliberalism failed to reduce poverty and unemployment, and was unable to guarantee a fair distribution of the wealth and improve welfare.
Weak antilocalization and localization in Eu$_2$Ir$_2$O$_7$ (111) thin films by reactive solid phase epitaxy
Creators: name: Wu, Xiaofeng
name: Wang, Zhen
name: Ding, Zhaoqing
name: Lin, Zeguo
name: Yang, Mingyu
name: Gu, Minghui
name: Meng, Meng
name: Yang, Fang
name: Liu, Xiaoran
name: Guo, Jiandong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thin films of the pyrochlore iridates along the [111] direction have drawn significant attention to investigate exotic correlated topological phenomena. Here, we report the fabrication of Eu$_2$Ir$_2$O$_7$ thin films via reactive solid phase epitaxy using the pulsed laser deposition technique. We mainly focus on the transport properties of the films below the magnetic phase transition at 105 K. Analyses on the temperature and the field dependences of resistivity unveil the presence of weak antilocalization, a characteristic signature of the Weyl semimetallic state that has been "buried" by magnetism. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the contribution from many-body interactions in Eu2Ir2O7 thin films is enhanced at lower temperatures and competes with the weak antilocalization effect, and eventually drives the crossover to weak localization at 2 K.
Topological Signatures in Nodal Semimetals through Neutron Scattering
Creators: name: Nguyen, Thanh
name: Tsurimaki, Yoichiro
name: Pablo-Pedro, Ricardo
name: Bednik, Grigory
name: Liu, Tongtong
name: Apte, Anuj
name: Andrejevic, Nina
name: Li, Mingda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological nodal semimetals are known to host a variety of fascinating electronic properties due to the topological protection of the band-touching nodes. Neutron scattering, despite its power in probing elementary excitations, has not been routinely applied to topological semimetals, mainly due to the lack of an explicit connection between the neutron response and the signature of topology. In this work, we theoretically investigate the role that neutron scattering can play to unveil the topological nodal features: a large magnetic neutron response with spectral non-analyticity can be generated solely from the nodal bands. A new formula for the dynamical structure factor for generic topological nodal metals is derived. For Weyl semimetals, we show that the locations of Weyl nodes, the Fermi velocities and the signature of chiral anomaly can all leave hallmark neutron spectral responses. Our work offers a neutron-based avenue towards probing bulk topological materials.
Stalled response near thermal equilibrium in periodically driven systems
Creators: name: Dabelow, Lennart
name: Reimann, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The question of how systems respond to perturbations is ubiquitous in physics. Predicting this response for large classes of systems becomes particularly challenging if many degrees of freedom are involved and linear response theory cannot be applied. Here, we consider isolated many-body quantum systems which either start out far from equilibrium and then thermalize, or find themselves near thermal equilibrium from the outset. We show that time-periodic perturbations of moderate strength, in the sense that they do not heat up the system too quickly, give rise to the following phenomenon of stalled response: While the driving usually causes quite considerable reactions as long as the unperturbed system is far from equilibrium, the driving effects are strongly suppressed when the unperturbed system approaches thermal equilibrium. Likewise, for systems prepared near thermal equilibrium, the response to the driving is barely noticeable right from the beginning. Numerical results are complemented by a quantitatively accurate analytical description and by simple qualitative arguments.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures + suppl. 14 pages, 10 figures
Populism and Neopopulism in Latin America: Clientelism, Trade Union Organisation and Electoral Support in Mexico and Argentina in the '90s
Creators: name: Ronchi, Veronica
name: Ronchi, Veronica
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: Latin America
subject: Mexico
subject: Argentina
subject: 90s
subject: Populism
subject: Neopopulism

description: The state of anomie that has characterised and still characterises most Latin American countries, resulting from the fragmentation of the social fabric, has encouraged the rise of successful personalist leaderships in the 90s. This paper aims at investigating how neopopulism developed in Latin America, considering as main actors the two Presidents who have best embodied this ideal: Carlos Salinas de Gortari, (Mexico 1988-1994) and Carlos Menem (Argentina 1989-1999). Neopopulism is based on an economic project, the neoliberal policy based on cuts in the welfare, which seems very far from the populist positions of the past. Populism revives through the charisma of these Presidents, bypassing institutional or organisational forms of mediation between the leader and the masses. The development of selected social policies has gained strong political support from the lower classes, including extensive institutional reforms.
Symmetry and scaling in the Q-exact lattice (2,2) 2d Wess-Zumino model
Creators: name: Giedt, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a nonperturbative check on the Q-exact lattice formulation, we demonstrate that the continuum R-symmetries are recovered. We locate the critical domain of the lattice theory. Aspects of the continuum nonrenormalization theorems are found to be respected at finite lattice spacing. Preliminary attempts to extract critical exponents--another nonperturbative check--are discussed. All of our results are obtained from Monte Carlo simulations with dynamical fermions.
description: 5 pages, to appear in proceedings of XXIIIrd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, 25-30 July 2005, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
Large enhancement of thermopower at low magnetic field in compensated semimetals
Creators: name: Feng, Xiaozhou
name: Skinner, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermoelectric properties of conductors with low electron density can be altered significantly by an applied magnetic field. For example, recent work has shown that Dirac/Weyl semimetals with a single pocket of carriers can exhibit a large enhancement of thermopower when subjected to a sufficiently large field that the system reaches the extreme quantum limit, in which only a single Landau level is occupied. Here we study the magnetothermoelectric properties of compensated semimetals, for which pockets of electron- and hole-type carriers coexist at the Fermi level. We show that, when the compensation is nearly complete, such systems exhibit a huge enhancement of thermopower starting at a much smaller magnetic field, such that $ω_cτ> 1$, and the stringent conditions associated with the extreme quantum limit are not necessary. We discuss our results in light of recent measurements on the compensated Weyl semimetal tantalum phosphide, in which an enormous magnetothermoelectric effect was observed. We also calculate the Nernst coefficient of compensated semimetals, and show that it exhibits a maximum value with increasing magnetic field that is much larger than in the single band case. In the dissipationless limit, where the Hall angle is large, the thermoelectric response can be described in terms of quantum Hall edge states, and we use this description to generalize previous results to the multi-band case.
Nucleation is More than Critical -- A Case Study of the Electroweak Phase Transition in the NMSSM
Creators: name: Baum, Sebastian
name: Carena, Marcela
name: Shah, Nausheen R.
name: Wagner, Carlos E. M.
name: Wang, Yikun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electroweak baryogenesis is an attractive mechanism to generate the baryon asymmetry of the Universe via a strong first order electroweak phase transition. We compare the phase transition patterns suggested by the vacuum structure at the critical temperatures, at which local minima are degenerate, with those obtained from computing the probability for nucleation via tunneling through the barrier separating local minima. Heuristically, nucleation becomes difficult if the barrier between the local minima is too high, or if the distance (in field space) between the minima is too large. As an example of a model exhibiting such behavior, we study the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, whose scalar sector contains two SU(2) doublets and one gauge singlet. We find that the calculation of the nucleation probabilities prefers different regions of parameter space for a strong first order electroweak phase transition than the calculation based solely on the critical temperatures. Our results demonstrate that analyzing only the vacuum structure via the critical temperatures can provide a misleading picture of the phase transition patterns, and, in turn, of the parameter space suitable for electroweak baryogenesis.
description: 38+14 pages, 10 figures. v2: matches the published version. Added Benchmark Points. Our Code implementing the NMSSM in CosmoTransitions is available at https://github.com/sbaum90/NMSSM_CosmoTrans.git
Neutron - mirror neutron mixing and neutron stars
Creators: name: Berezhiani, Zurab
name: Biondi, Riccardo
name: Mannarelli, Massimo
name: Tonelli, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The oscillation of neutrons $n$ into mirror neutrons $n'$, their mass degenerate partners from dark mirror sector, can have interesting implications for neutron stars: an ordinary neutron star could gradually transform into a mixed star consisting in part of mirror dark matter. Mixed stars can be detectable as twin partners of ordinary neutron stars: namely, there can exist compact stars with the same masses but having different radii. For a given equation of state (identical between the ordinary and mirror components), the mass and radius of a mixed star depend on the proportion between the ordinary and mirror components in its interior which in turn depends on its age. If $50 \% - 50\%$ proportion between two fractions can be reached asymptotically in time, then the maximum mass of such "maximally mixed stars" should be $\sqrt2$ times smaller than that of ordinary neutron star while the stars exceeding a critical mass value $M^{\rm max}_{NS}/\sqrt2$ should collapse in black holes after certain time. We evaluate the evolution time and discuss the implications of $n-n'$ transition for the pulsar observations as well as for the gravitational waves from the neutron star mergers and associated electromagnetic signals.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
Kart / plakat turistrute Spitsbergen
Creators: name: Røske Og Røstad
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1920
Subjects: Repro

description: Kart over stedene som turistruten til Bergenske og Nordenfjeldske damskipsselskaper besøkte på Svalbard. Kartet baserer seg på opptegnelsene til en svensk ekspedisjon i årene 1861-64, med senere tillegg og korreksjoner, seneste fra 1901.
Do adverse childhood experiences and genetic obesity risk interact in relation to body mass index in young adulthood? Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health
Creators: name: Li, Y.
name: Howard, A.G.
name: Gordon-Larsen, P.
name: Young, K.L.
name: Duan, Q.
name: Harris, K.M.
name: Inoue, Y.
name: North, K.E.
name: Graff, M.
name: Highland, H.M.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Year: 2022

description: Background: Few studies have focused on the role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in relation to genetic susceptibility to obesity. Objective: We aimed to examine the interaction between the presence of ACEs (i.e., physical, psychological and sexual abuse) before the age of 18 and BMI polygenic score. Methods: Data came from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) Wave IV (2007/2008) where saliva samples were collected for DNA genotyping and information on BMI and ACEs were obtained from 5854 European American (EA), 2073 African American (AA) and 1448 Hispanic American (HA) participants aged 24 to 32 years old. Polygenic scores were calculated as the sum of the number of risk alleles of BMI-related SNPs which were weighted by effect size. A race/ethnicity-stratified mixed-effects linear regression model was used to test for differential association between BMI polygenic score and BMI by the presence of ACEs. Results: We did not find any evidence of significant interaction between ACEs and polygenic score in relation to BMI among EA (p = 0.289), AA (p = 0.618) or HA (p = 0.870). In main effects models, polygenic score was positively associated with BMI in all race/ethnic groups, yet the presence of ACEs was associated with increased BMI only among EA. Conclusion: We did not find any evidence that ACEs exacerbate genetic predisposition to increased BMI in early adulthood.
Path integral virial estimator based on the scaling of fluctuation coordinates: Application to quantum clusters with fourth-order propagators
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Takeshi M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We first show that a simple scaling of fluctuation coordinates defined in terms of a given reference point gives the conventional virial estimator in discretized path integral, where different choices of the reference point lead to different forms of the estimator (e.g., centroid virial). The merit of this procedure is that it allows a finite difference evaluation of the virial estimator with respect to temperature, which totally avoids the need of higher-order potential derivatives. We apply this procedure to energy and heat capacity calculation of the (H_2)_22 and Ne_13 clusters at low temperature using the fourth-order Takahashi-Imada and Suzuki propagators. This type of calculation requires up to third-order potential derivatives if analytical virial estimators are used, but in practice only first-order derivatives suffice by virtue of the finite difference scheme above. From the application to quantum clusters, we find that the fourth-order propagators do improve upon the primitive approximation, and that the choice of the reference point plays a vital role in reducing the variance of the virial estimator.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures (to appear in J. Chem. Phys.)
How planets grow by pebble accretion. III. Emergence of an interior composition gradient
Creators: name: Ormel, Chris
name: Vazan, Allona
name: Brouwers, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During their formation, planets form large, hot atmospheres due to the ongoing accretion of solids. It has been customary to assume that all solids end up at the center constituting a "core" of refractory materials, whereas the envelope remains metal-free. Recent work, as well as observations by the JUNO mission, indicate however that the distinction may not be so clear cut. Indeed, small silicate, pebble-sized particles will sublimate in the atmosphere when they hit the sublimation temperature (T ~ 2,000 K). In this paper we extend previous analytical work to compute the properties of planets under such a pebble accretion scenario. We conduct 1D numerical calculations of the atmosphere of an accreting planet, solving the stellar structure equations, augmented by a non-ideal equation of state that describes a hydrogen/helium-silicate vapor mixture. Calculations terminate at the point where the total mass in metal equals that of the H/He gas, which we numerically confirm as the onset of runaway gas accretion. When pebbles sublimate before reaching the core, insufficient (accretion) energy is available to mix dense, vapor-rich lower layers with the higher layers of lower metallicity. A gradual structure in which Z decreases with radius is therefore a natural outcome of planet formation by pebble accretion. We highlight, furthermore, that (small) pebbles can act as the dominant source of opacity, preventing rapid cooling and presenting a channel for (mini-)Neptunes to survive in gas-rich disks. Nevertheless, once pebble accretion subsides, the atmosphere rapidly clears followed by runaway gas accretion. We consider atmospheric recycling to be the more probable mechanisms that have stalled the growth of these planets' envelopes.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Valuing the Cultural Monuments of Armenia: Bayesian Updating of Prior Beliefs in Contingent Valuation
Creators: name: Alberini, Anna
name: Longo, Alberto
name: Alberini, Anna
name: Longo, Alberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Valuation of Cultural Heritage Sites
subject: Non-Market Valuation
subject: Contingent Valuation
subject: Bayesian Updating
subject: Prior Beliefs

description: We use contingent valuation to place a value on the conservation of built cultural heritage sites in Armenia. When we present the hypothetical scenario in the questionnaire we spell out what would happen to the monuments in the absence of the government conservation program. We posit that respondents combine such information with their own prior beliefs, which the questionnaire also elicits, and that the WTP for the good or program is likely to be affected by these updated beliefs. We propose a Bayesian updating model of prior beliefs, and empirically implement it using the data from our survey. We find that uncertainty about what would happen to the monument in the absence of the program results in lower WTP amounts. .
Lifting the Iron Curtain : Toward an Understanding of the Iron Stars XX Oph and AS 325
Creators: name: Cool, Richard J.
name: Howell, Steve B.
name: Pena, Maria
name: Adamson, Andy J.
name: Thompson, Robert R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new optical, near infrared, and archival ultraviolet observations of XX Ophiuchi and AS 325, two proposed iron stars. These unusual stars have optical spectra dominated by emission lines arising from hydrogen as well as ionized metals such as iron, chromium, and titanium. Both stars have been classified as iron stars and a number of exotic models have been presented for their origin. Using two years of moderately high resolution optical spectroscopy, the first high signal-to-noise K-band spectroscopy of these sources (which reveals stellar photospheric absorption lines), and new near-infrared interferometric observations, we confirm that both systems are composed of two stars, likely binaries, containing a hot Be star with an evolved late-type secondary. The hydrogen emission features arise in the hot wind from the Be star while the corresponding P-Cygni absorption lines are produced from dense material in the expanding, radiation driven, wind around each system. The optical FeII emission lines are pumped by ultraviolet FeII absorption lines through fluorescence. Contrary to some claims in the literature, the spectral features of XX Oph and AS 325 are quite similar, evidence that they are comparable systems. We examine the variability of the spectral morphology and radial velocity motions of both sources. We also study the variability of XX Oph during a major photometric event and find that the spectral nature of the system varies during the event. A comparison of the velocity of the absorption line components in our new spectra with those in the literature show that the structure of the stellar wind from XX Oph has changed since the system was observed in 1951.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in PASP
Transfer-Learning-Based Autotuning Using Gaussian Copula
Creators: name: Randall, Thomas
name: Koo, Jaehoon
name: Videau, Brice
name: Kruse, Michael
name: Wu, Xingfu
name: Hovland, Paul
name: Hall, Mary
name: Ge, Rong
name: Balaprakash, Prasanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.4; G.3; D.2.8

description: As diverse high-performance computing (HPC) systems are built, many opportunities arise for applications to solve larger problems than ever before. Given the significantly increased complexity of these HPC systems and application tuning, empirical performance tuning, such as autotuning, has emerged as a promising approach in recent years. Despite its effectiveness, autotuning is often a computationally expensive approach. Transfer learning (TL)-based autotuning seeks to address this issue by leveraging the data from prior tuning. Current TL methods for autotuning spend significant time modeling the relationship between parameter configurations and performance, which is ineffective for few-shot (that is, few empirical evaluations) tuning on new tasks. We introduce the first generative TL-based autotuning approach based on the Gaussian copula (GC) to model the high-performing regions of the search space from prior data and then generate high-performing configurations for new tasks. This allows a sampling-based approach that maximizes few-shot performance and provides the first probabilistic estimation of the few-shot budget for effective TL-based autotuning. We compare our generative TL approach with state-of-the-art autotuning techniques on several benchmarks. We find that the GC is capable of achieving 64.37% of peak few-shot performance in its first evaluation. Furthermore, the GC model can determine a few-shot transfer budget that yields up to 33.39$\times$ speedup, a dramatic improvement over the 20.58$\times$ speedup using prior techniques.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, 7 tables, the definitive version of this work is published in the Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Supercomputing 2023, available at https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3577193.3593712
Gauge-invariant electromagnetic response of a chiral px+ipy superconductor
Creators: name: Lutchyn, Roman M.
name: Nagornykh, Pavel
name: Yakovenko, Victor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a gauge-invariant theory of the electromagnetic response of a chiral px+ipy superconductor in the clean limit. Due to the spontaneously broken time-reversal symmetry, the effective action of the system contains an anomalous term not present in conventional superconductors. As a result, the electromagnetic charge and current responses contain anomalous terms, which depend explicitly on the chirality of the superconducting order parameter. These terms lead to a number of unusual effects, such as coupling of the transverse currents to the collective plasma oscillations and a possibility of inducing the charge density by the magnetic field perpendicular to the conducting planes. We calculate the antisymmetric part of the conductivity tensor (the intrinsic Hall conductivity) and show that it depends on the wave vector of the electromagnetic field. We also show that the Mermin-Muzikar magnetization current and the Hall conductivity are strongly suppressed at high frequencies. Finally, we discuss implications of the theory to the experiments in Sr2RuO4.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures, final version as published in PRB
The Demand for Hired Labour on Australian Sheep Farms
Creators: name: Bhati, U.N.
name: Bhati, U.N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: Farm Management

description: The motivation for this study was provided by the interest currently being expressed in the effects of rising wage rates and other factors on the employment levels in various industries in Australia. An attempt is made to examine a number of key factors affecting the demand for labour in a major subsector of Australian agriculture. Using the average farm-firm approach, a time-series econometric model of the demand for hired labour for Australian sheep farms is developed and estimated. Major findings on the determinants of labour demand are discussed, together with their policy implications.
New physics in $b\rightarrow se^+e^-$: A model independent analysis
Creators: name: Alok, Ashutosh Kumar
name: Kumbhakar, Suman
name: Saini, Jyoti
name: Sankar, S Uma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lepton universality violating flavor ratios $R_K/R_{K^*}$ indicate new physics either in $b \to s μ^+ μ^-$ or in $b \to s e^+ e^-$ or in both. If the new physics is only $b \to s e^+ e^-$ transition, the corresponding new physics operators, in principle, can have any Lorentz structure. In this work, we perform a model independent analysis of new physics only in $b \to se^+e^-$ decay by considering effective operators either one at a time or two similar operators at a time. We include all the measurements in $b\rightarrow se^+e^-$ sector along with $R_K/R_{K^*}$ in our analysis. We show that various new physics scenarios with vector/axial-vector operators can account for $R_K/R_{K^*}$ data but those with scalar/pseudoscalar operators and with tensor operators can not. We also show that the azimuthal angular observable $P_1$ in $B \to K^* e^+ e^-$ decay is most suited to discriminate between the different allowed solutions.
description: Accepted to publish in Nucl. Phys. B
Schäferdieck, Knut: Die Kirche des frühen Mittelalters
Creators: name: Schnellbach, Jörg
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 28 Nr. 3 (1979): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 28, Heft 3
Genetic determinants of metabolic biomarkers and their associations with cardiometabolic traits in Hispanic/Latino adolescents
Creators: name: Justice, A.E.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Howard, A.G.
name: Almeida, M.
name: Comuzzie, A.G.
name: Peralta, J.
name: Blangero, J.
name: Angel, B.
name: Albala, C.
name: Lehman, D.M.
name: Blanco, E.
name: North, K.E.
name: Voruganti, V.S.
name: Chittoor, G.
name: Rohde, R.
name: Duggirala, R.
name: Santos, J.L.
name: Curran, J.E.
name: Gahagan, S.
name: Buchanan, V.L.
name: Lozoff, B.
name: Graff, M.
name: Burrows, R.
name: Kim, D.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2022

description: Background: Metabolic regulation plays a significant role in energy homeostasis, and adolescence is a crucial life stage for the development of cardiometabolic disease (CMD). This study aims to investigate the genetic determinants of metabolic biomarkers—adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, and orexin—and their associations with CMD risk factors. Methods: We characterized the genetic determinants of the biomarkers among Hispanic/Latino adolescents of the Santiago Longitudinal Study (SLS) and identified the cumulative effects of genetic variants on adiponectin and leptin using biomarker polygenic risk scores (PRS). We further investigated the direct and indirect effect of the biomarker PRS on downstream body fat percent (BF%) and glycemic traits using structural equation modeling. Results: We identified putatively novel genetic variants associated with the metabolic biomarkers. A substantial amount of biomarker variance was explained by SLS-specific PRS, and the prediction was improved by including the putatively novel loci. Fasting blood insulin and insulin resistance were associated with PRS for adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin, and BF% was associated with PRS for adiponectin and leptin. We found evidence of substantial mediation of these associations by the biomarker levels. Conclusions: The genetic underpinnings of metabolic biomarkers can affect the early development of CMD, partly mediated by the biomarkers. Impact: This study characterized the genetic underpinnings of four metabolic hormones and investigated their potential influence on adiposity and insulin biology among Hispanic/Latino adolescents.Fasting blood insulin and insulin resistance were associated with polygenic risk score (PRS) for adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin, with evidence of some degree of mediation by the biomarker levels. Body fat percent (BF%) was also associated with PRS for adiponectin and leptin. This provides important insight on biological mechanisms underlying early metabolic dysfunction and reveals candidates for prevention efforts.Our findings also highlight the importance of ancestrally diverse populations to facilitate valid studies of the genetic architecture of metabolic biomarker levels.
Optical spectroscopy of Blazars for the Cherenkov Telescope Array
Creators: name: Goldoni, P.
name: Pita, S.
name: Boisson, C.
name: Max-Moerbeck, W.
name: Kasai, E.
name: Williams, D. A.
name: D'Ammando, F.
name: Navarro-Aranguiz, V.
name: Backes, M.
name: de Almeida, U. Barres
name: Becerra-Gonzalez, J.
name: Cotter, G.
name: Hervet, O.
name: Lenain, J. -P.
name: Lindfors, E.
name: Sol, H.
name: Wagner, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Blazars are the most numerous class of High Energy (HE; E about 50 MeV - few 100 GeV) and Very High Energy (VHE; E about 100 GeV - 10 TeV) gamma-ray emitters. As of today, a measured spectroscopic redshift is available for only about 50% of gamma-ray BL Lacs, mainly due to the difficulty of measuring reliable redshifts from their nearly featureless, continuum-dominated optical spectra. The knowledge of the redshift is fundamental for understanding the emission from blazars, for population studies and also for indirect studies of the extragalactic background light and searches for Lorentz invariance violation and axion-like particles using blazars. Aims. This paper is the first of a series of papers which aim to measure the redshift of a sample of blazars likely to be detected with the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), a ground based gamma-ray observatory. Methods. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to select those hard spectrum gamma-ray blazars detected with the Fermi-LAT telescope still lacking redshift measurements but likely to be detected by CTA in 30 hours of observing time or less. Optical observing campaigns involving deep imaging and spectroscopic observations were organised to efficiently constrain their redshifts. We performed deep medium to high resolution spectroscopy of nineteen blazar optical counterparts using the ESI spectrograph at Keck, the RSS spectrograph at the SALT telescope, and the EFOSC2 spectrograph at the ESO NTT. We searched systematically for spectral features and, when possible, we estimated the contribution of the host galaxy to the total flux. Results. We measured eleven firm spectroscopic redshifts with values ranging from 0.1116 to 0.482. one tentative redshift, three redshift lower limits including one at z > 0.449 and another at z > 0.868. There were four objects found to have featureless spectra.
description: Accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics
Is biodynamic farming the sustainable agriculture of the future?
Creators: name: Wood, Bethan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015

description: The research taken place in this dissertation has shown that biodynamic agriculture is indeed a very sustainable agricultural practice. Where this practice lacks in economic sustainability, it makes up for in environmental and social sustainability. It is one of the most environmentally friendly farming practices in the world and is well on its way to being one of the sustainable options for the future. From literature analyses it was found that biodynamic preparations 500-508 do have beneficial effects on the soil quality. The benefits identified were increased microbiological movement, higher organic matter content and higher concentrations of dehydrogenase enzyme activity. Finally the research highlighted that there is a need for more sustainable agriculture to exist and that a large-scale move to sustainable agriculture may be the way forward. Nonetheless, the world still lacks the basic foundation for delivering sustainable development. Until this changes the world will still need to rely upon conventional agriculture in order to meet the current and further food demand.
description: The research found that in terms of sustainability biodynamic agriculture is one of the most sustainable agricultural practices in modern day farming. It has no adverse effects on the environment.