title: Ð¡ÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ²ÑÐ°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð»Ð°Ñ
title: ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ðµ
titleType: Subtitle
title: Structural transformations in metals
Creators: name: ÐÐ¾Ð»Ð¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÐ²ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹, ÐÐ¸ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð°Ð¹
name: ÐÑÐ¼Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð°, ÐÐ°ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÑ
Publisher: name: ÐÐÐÐÐ¢ÐÐ¥-ÐÐ ÐÐ¡Ð¡
Year: 2023

description: Ð¡Ð¾Ð¾ÑÐ²ÐµÑÑÑÐ²ÑÐµÑ ÑÐ¾Ð´ÐµÑÐ¶Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸ Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð² 15.04.03 Â«ÐÑÐ¸ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°Â» Ð¿Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ðµ Â«Ð¤Ð¸Ð·Ð¸ÐºÐ° Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¸ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð²Â». Ð Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¼ ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¾Ð¼ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÑÑÑÑ ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ñ, ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÑÑÑÐ¸Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð»Ð¾Ð² Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¸ ÑÐµÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐµ, Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ðº Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð². Ð Ð³Ð»Ð°Ð²Ðµ, Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð´ÐµÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸, Ð¸Ð·Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ°Ð»Ð»Ð°, ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐµÐºÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸, ÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÑÐ°Ð³Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¸ ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ»ÑÑÑÐ°Ð¼ÐµÐ»ÐºÐ¾Ð·ÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÑÑÑ ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑ, Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ Ð´ÐµÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ, Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·ÑÑÑÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð½ÑÑ ÑÑÐµÐ¿ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð´ÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ Ð´ÐµÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÐ±ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÑ. Ð Ð³Ð»Ð°Ð²Ðµ, Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð²ÑÐ°ÑÑ Ð¸ ÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ°Ð»Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸, Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÑ, Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð´ÑÑÐ¸Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð½Ð°Ð³ÑÐµÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð»Ð¾Ð², Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð²ÐµÑÐ³Ð½ÑÑÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð´ÐµÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸. Ð¡ÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð°ÑÐ¿ÐµÐºÑÑ Ð¸ ÐºÐ¸Ð½ÐµÑÐ¸ÐºÐ° ÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ°Ð»Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ñ ÑÑÐµÑÐ¾Ð¼ Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹ Ð´ÐµÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÑ, Ð² ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÐµÐµ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¸ Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð»Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð³ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸. Ð¤Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð²ÑÐµ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ²ÑÐ°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ, Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ·Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¸ ÑÐ´Ð²Ð¸Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ðµ (Ð¼Ð°ÑÑÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸ÑÐ½Ð¾Ðµ) Ð¿ÑÐµÐ²ÑÐ°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ, Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐ°ÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑÐµ ÑÑÐ°Ð»ÐµÐ¹. ÐÐ¾Ð¼Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾ ÐºÐ¸Ð½ÐµÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ° Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð·Ñ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ°Ð»Ð»Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ²ÑÐ°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ, Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÑ Ð² Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÐµÐ¿ÐµÐ½Ð¸ Ð·Ð°Ð²Ð¸ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ²Ð° Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð°. ÐÐ´Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð² Ð¼Ñ ÑÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð» Ð½Ð° ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¼ ÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð½Ðµ Ñ ÑÑÐµÑÐ¾Ð¼ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð² Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð². ÐÑÐµÐ´Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¾ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑÑÐ´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ°ÑÑÑÑ Ð¸ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹ Ð² Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°ÑÑÐ¸ Ð½Ð°ÑÐºÐ¸ Ð¾ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð°Ñ.
description: The training manual corresponds to the content of the Masterâs degree major 15.04.03 âApplied Mechanicsâ in the program âPhysics of Strength and Plasticity of Materialsâ. This training manual considers the physical mechanisms controlling the processes of metal microstructure evolution during mechanical and thermal processing and approaches to mathematical modeling of these processes. The chapter devoted to plastic deformation describes the fundamentals of polycrystal micromechanics, deformation texture formation, fragmentation phenomenon, and creation of ultrafine grained structures, as well as presents strain hardening models that use different degrees of detail in describing the deformation substructure. In the chapter devoted to reversion and recrystallization, the authors describe the processes occurring during heating of metals subjected to cold deformatio. Structural aspects and kinetics of recrystallization are presented taking into consideration the peculiarities of the deformation structure, in particular its inhomogeneity and the presence of local orientation gradients. Phase transformations, including diffusion and displacive (martensitic) transformations, are studied on the example of steels. Apart from the kinetics of nucleation and growth of a new phase, the features of crystallography of the transformation, on which the strength properties of the material largely depend, are considered. Along with the presentation of the physical fundamentals, we tried to present the material at a modern level, taking into consideration the latest advances in the study of the microstructure of metallic materials. It is intended for Masterâs program students and researchers in the field of materials science.