cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gomphocerus (Gomphocerus) turcicus Mistshenko 1951
Creators: name: Mol, Abbas
name: Şirin, Deniz
name: Taylan, Mehmet Sait
name: Sevgili, Hasan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Acrididae
Gomphocerus
Gomphocerus turcicus

description: Gomphocerus (Gomphocerus) turcicus Mistshenko, 1951 stat. n. et sp. rev.
Material: Male specimens collected from Turkey, Niğde, Ulukışla, Bolkar Mountains, 01.viii.2021, 2544 m., N: 37.416297, E: 34.553538, (leg. A. Mol, H. Sevgili, D. Şirin & M.S. Taylan) and male calling song recorded from two males in the field and laboratory conditions by authors.
Description of male calling song: Three records from two males were examined. The calling song consists of a phrase which last in 30.8–34.6 s. Bioacoustics analyses show that a phrase is composed of totally 100–108 syllables (first 80–86 syllables are contiguous without gaps and last 20–22 syllables are isolated (gaps: 200–220 ms) (Fig. 6A). The phrase begins quietly and crescendo structure and is reached the maximum intensity at the 40–45 syllables (2/5 of the phrase) and lasting 20–22 short and isolated syllables (Fig. 6A). Each syllable (RPU) lasts in 215–317 ms. Oscillographic analysis shows that a syllable consists of two different parts (Fig. 6B) in the first part of the phrase. The syllable begins with low-amplitude pulses which last for 95–102 ms and the second part of syllable has a high amplitude structure and last for 120–155 ms (Fig. 6C). At the end of the phrase (the last 20–22 relatively short and isolated syllables), syllables last for 82–105 ms with gaps (180–220 ms) and each syllable includes 6–9 distinct elements (Fig. 6C).
description: Published as part of Mol, Abbas, Şirin, Deniz, Taylan, Mehmet Sait & Sevgili, Hasan, 2023, A review of the Anatolian Gomphocerus Thunberg, 1815 (Orthoptera: Acrididae Gomphocerinae) via morphological and bioacoustics characters: data suggesting a new species, a new subgenus and three new statuses, pp. 401-429 in Zootaxa 5353 (5) on page 424, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10010058
Eulecanium Cockerell 1893
Creators: name: Đurović, Gordana
name: Spodek, Malkie
name: Ülgentürk, Selma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae
Eulecanium

description: Genus Eulecanium Cockerell
Type species: Coccus tiliae Linnaeus.
Eulecanium is a genus containing 51 species worldwide, some of which are forest and agricultural pests. There are 33 species in the Palearctic Region (Kozár 1998). In Türkiye, nine species of Eulecanium are known (Bodenheimer 1953, Ülgentürk et al. 2022); three species were collected from the Ankara district for this work.
description: Published as part of Đurović, Gordana, Spodek, Malkie & Ülgentürk, Selma, 2024, Investigations on the immature stages of some species of Eulecaniinae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), pp. 451-494 in Zootaxa 5405 (4) on page 453, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5405.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10603625
Eulecanium cerasorum
Creators: name: Đurović, Gordana
name: Spodek, Malkie
name: Ülgentürk, Selma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae
Eulecanium
Eulecanium cerasorum

description: Eulecanium cerasorum (Cockerell) (Figs 1–3)
Material examined. TURKEY: Ankara, Çankaya, Botanic Park, Quercus spp., 07.vi.2008, Selma Ülgentürk (5 N 1); same locality and host, 03.iv.2014, Gordana Đurovic & Selma Ülgentürk (5 female N 2; 4 male N 2).
description: Published as part of Đurović, Gordana, Spodek, Malkie & Ülgentürk, Selma, 2024, Investigations on the immature stages of some species of Eulecaniinae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), pp. 451-494 in Zootaxa 5405 (4) on page 453, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5405.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10603625
Eulecanium ciliatum
Creators: name: Đurović, Gordana
name: Spodek, Malkie
name: Ülgentürk, Selma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae
Eulecanium
Eulecanium ciliatum

description: Eulecanium ciliatum (Douglas) (Figs 4‒6)
Previously documented by Rehacek (1960) and Ülgentürk (1998).
Material examined. TURKEY, all collected by Gordana Đurovic: Ankara, Agriculture Faculty Campus (AFC), Cydonia oblongata, 14.vi.2014, (3 N 1); same locality and host, C. oblongata, 14.vi.2014, (1 N 1); 14.vi.2014, (1 N 1); 06.iv.2014, (1 male N 2); 04.iii.2014, (3 male N 2); 04.iii.2014, (3 male N 2, 5 female N 2).
description: Published as part of Đurović, Gordana, Spodek, Malkie & Ülgentürk, Selma, 2024, Investigations on the immature stages of some species of Eulecaniinae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), pp. 451-494 in Zootaxa 5405 (4) on page 459, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5405.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10603625
Eulecanium tiliae
Creators: name: Đurović, Gordana
name: Spodek, Malkie
name: Ülgentürk, Selma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae
Eulecanium
Eulecanium tiliae

description: Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus) (Figs 7‒9)
Material examined. TURKEY: Ankara,Agriculture Faculty Campus (AFC), Aesculus hippocastanum L, 24.iv.2014, Gordana Đurovic (21 N 1); Ankara, Tandoğan, Crateagus monogyna, 14.vi.2014, Gordana Đurovic (8 N 1); AFC, C. oblongata, 14.vi.2014, Gordana Đurovic (5 N 1); AFC, Malus floribunda, 06.iv.2014, Gordana Đurovic (1 male N 2); AFC, M. domestica L., 04.iii.2014, Gordana Đurovic (5 male N 2); AFC, C. oblongata, 04.iii.2014, Gordana Đurovic (11 male N 2, 4 female N 2). ISRAEL: Jerusalem, Pistacia mutica, 30.iv.1942, F.S. Bodenheimer 4 first-instar nymphs and 1 male N 2); Gamla, P. atlantica, 21.ii.2010, Y. Ben-Dov 2 first-instar nymphs); Gamla, P. palestina, 7.iv.2013, M. Spodek (MC-850/3 first-instar nymphs); Shivta, P. atlantica, 27.iii.1969, Y. Ben-Dov (5 first-instar nymphs); Aquabella, P. palestina, 3.vii.1969, Y. Ben-Dov (1 female N 2); Aquabella, P. palestina, 3.vii.1969, Y. Ben-Dov (1female N 2); Aquabella, P. palestina, 20.xii.1969, Y. Ben-Dov (1 female N 2; 1 male N 2); Aquabella, P. palestina, 12.ii.1970, Y. Ben-Dov (2 female N 2); Rehovot, P. palestina, 24.ii.1970, Y. Ben-Dov (1 female N 2); Rehovot, P. palestina, 29.i.1970, Y. Ben-Dov (1 male N 2); Shoresh, P. palestina, 16.i.1978, Y. Ben-Dov (1 female N 2); Jerusalem, P. palestina, 15.ii.1971, Y. Ben-Dov (5 adult females).
description: Published as part of Đurović, Gordana, Spodek, Malkie & Ülgentürk, Selma, 2024, Investigations on the immature stages of some species of Eulecaniinae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), pp. 451-494 in Zootaxa 5405 (4) on page 465, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5405.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10603625
Palaeolecanium Sulc
Creators: name: Đurović, Gordana
name: Spodek, Malkie
name: Ülgentürk, Selma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae
Palaeolecanium

description: Genus: Palaeolecanium Šulc
Type species: Lecanium bituberculatum Targioni Tozzetti.
There are two species of Palaeolecanium in the Palaearctic Region: P. bituberculatum is widespread in Western Europe, whereas P. kosswigi (Bodenheimer) is endemic in Türkiye (Ülgentürk et al. 2022).
description: Published as part of Đurović, Gordana, Spodek, Malkie & Ülgentürk, Selma, 2024, Investigations on the immature stages of some species of Eulecaniinae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), pp. 451-494 in Zootaxa 5405 (4) on page 471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5405.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10603625
Physokermes Targioni Tozzetti 1868
Creators: name: Đurović, Gordana
name: Spodek, Malkie
name: Ülgentürk, Selma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae
Physokermes

description: Genus: Physokermes Targioni Tozzetti
Type species: Coccus hemicryphus Dalman.
The genus Physokermes currently contains 13 species, of which eight occur in the Palearctic Region (Kozar et al. 2012; García Morales et al. 2016). In the adult female, anal plates are absent, and antennae and legs are reduced; but well-developed antennae, legs and anal plates are present in the immature stages (Williams & Kosztarab 1972; Kozar et al. 2012). In Türkiye, two species are known (Ülgentürk 2016), one of which was collected in Ankara during this study.
description: Published as part of Đurović, Gordana, Spodek, Malkie & Ülgentürk, Selma, 2024, Investigations on the immature stages of some species of Eulecaniinae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), pp. 451-494 in Zootaxa 5405 (4) on page 477, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5405.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10603625
Palaeolecanium bituberculatum
Creators: name: Đurović, Gordana
name: Spodek, Malkie
name: Ülgentürk, Selma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae
Palaeolecanium
Palaeolecanium bituberculatum

description: Palaeolecanium bituberculatum (Signoret) (Figs 10‒12)
Material examined. TURKEY, all collected by Gordana Đurovic: Ankara, Botanik Park, Malus communis, 27.iv.2014 (5 N1); same locality and host, 01.vi. 2014, (5 male N2; 2 female N2); 31.v.2014, (3 female N2).
description: Published as part of Đurović, Gordana, Spodek, Malkie & Ülgentürk, Selma, 2024, Investigations on the immature stages of some species of Eulecaniinae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), pp. 451-494 in Zootaxa 5405 (4) on page 471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5405.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10603625
Physokermes piceae
Creators: name: Đurović, Gordana
name: Spodek, Malkie
name: Ülgentürk, Selma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae
Physokermes
Physokermes piceae

description: Physokermes piceae (Schrank) (Figs 13‒15)
Material examined. TURKEY: Ankara, Ankara University Campus, on Picea pungens, 26.vii.2002, Sema Turguter (5N 1); same locality and host, 20.ii.2015, Gordana Đurovic (2 female N 2); 11.xi.2001, Sema Turguter (1 female N 2); 07.x.2001, Sema Turguter (2 female N 2); 20.ii.2015, Gordana Đurovic (4 male N 2); and 14.iii.2001, Sema Turguter (1 male N 2).
description: Published as part of Đurović, Gordana, Spodek, Malkie & Ülgentürk, Selma, 2024, Investigations on the immature stages of some species of Eulecaniinae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), pp. 451-494 in Zootaxa 5405 (4) on page 477, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5405.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10603625
Rhodococcus Borchsenius
Creators: name: Đurović, Gordana
name: Spodek, Malkie
name: Ülgentürk, Selma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae
Rhodococcus

description: Genus: Rhodococcus Borchsenius
Type species: Rhodococcus rosaeluteae Borchsenius.
Seven of the eight species of Rhodococcus are found in the Palearctic Region. In Türkiye, R. perornatus (Cockerell & Parrott) and R. turanicus (Archangelskaya) are known to occur (Ülgentürk et al. 2022). Rhodococcus perornatus is an important pest of oil roses in Bulgaria and Türkiye (Ülgentürk et al. 2001; Demirözer et al. 2008; Trencheva & Tomov 2014).
description: Published as part of Đurović, Gordana, Spodek, Malkie & Ülgentürk, Selma, 2024, Investigations on the immature stages of some species of Eulecaniinae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), pp. 451-494 in Zootaxa 5405 (4) on page 483, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5405.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10603625
Rhodococcus perornatus
Creators: name: Đurović, Gordana
name: Spodek, Malkie
name: Ülgentürk, Selma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae
Rhodococcus
Rhodococcus perornatus

description: Rhodococcus perornatus (Cockerell & Parrott) (Fig. 16‒18)
Material examined. TURKEY: Ankara, Subayevleri, Rosa spp., 28. v.2014, Gordana Đurovic (4 N 1); same locality and host, 26.vi.2014, Selma Ülgentürk (9 N1); 29.viii.2014, Gordana Durovic (6 male N2); and 26.ii.2014, Gordana Đurovic (7 female N2).
description: Published as part of Đurović, Gordana, Spodek, Malkie & Ülgentürk, Selma, 2024, Investigations on the immature stages of some species of Eulecaniinae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), pp. 451-494 in Zootaxa 5405 (4) on page 483, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5405.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10603625
Eulecaniinae
Creators: name: Đurović, Gordana
name: Spodek, Malkie
name: Ülgentürk, Selma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae

description: Key to separate developmental stages of Eulecaniinae found in Ankara
1 With wings or wing buds............................................................................... 2
- Without wings or wing buds............................................................................. 4
2 With fully developed wings; usually not inside a glassy test............................................ Adult male
- With wing buds only; living inside a glassy test............................................................. 3
3 Body not obviously constricted to form distinct head, thorax and abdomen; wing buds large................Prepupal male
- Body clearly constricted to form distinct head, thorax and abdomen; wing buds small....................... Pupal male
4 Each anal plate tipped with 1 seta longer than plate............................................ First-instar nymph
- Each anal plate tipped with setae much shorter than plate...................................................... 5
5 Dorsum with tubular ducts in a transverse or radial row, in addition to 1 or 2 longitudinal lines around margin. Living inside a translucent glassy test..............................................................Second-instar male nymph
- Dorsum without tubular ducts (except in E. cerasorum and P. hellenicus) If test present (as in E. cerasorum and E. ciliatum), this may be translucent................................................................................. 6
6 Ventral multilocular disc pores and tubular ducts numerous at least on abdomen. Legs with or without tibio-tarsal articulation..........................................................................................Adult female
- Ventral multilocular disc pores and tubular ducts absent or very few. Legs always without tibio-tarsal articulation......... 7
7 Dorsum and venter without multilocular disc pores (except in Physokermes); setae and pores relatively few............................................................................................ Second-instar female nymph
- Dorsum without tubular ducts and multilocular pores (except in Physokermes); setae and pores more numerous..........................................................................................Third-instar female nymph
description: Published as part of Đurović, Gordana, Spodek, Malkie & Ülgentürk, Selma, 2024, Investigations on the immature stages of some species of Eulecaniinae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), pp. 451-494 in Zootaxa 5405 (4) on page 490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5405.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10603625
Eulecaniinae
Creators: name: Đurović, Gordana
name: Spodek, Malkie
name: Ülgentürk, Selma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae

description: Key to first-instar nymphs of Eulecaniinae found in Ankara
1 Spiracular setae and dorsal microducts absent. On Picea (spruce)................................ Physokermes piceae
- Spiracular setae present; dorsal microducts present or absent. Not on Picea ....................................... 2
2 Spiracular setae numbering 2 in each spiracular cleft. Dorsum with simple pores in longitudinal lines on dorsum.......... 3
- Spiracular setae numbering 3 in each spiracular cleft. Dorsum with longitudinal lines either of mixed microducts and simple pores, or of simple pores only........................................................................... 4
3 Each side of dorsum with simple pores in 2 longitudinal lines. On Abies (fir).................... Physokermes hellenicus
- Each side of dorsum with simple pores in 2 longitudinal lines. On Rosa (roses)................. Rhodococcus perornatus
4 Spiracular seta lengths unequal, with median seta clearly longer than lateral setae.................................. 5
- Spiracular seta lengths subequal, with median seta almost same length as lateral setae............................... 6
5 Dorsum with large microducts (large bilocular pores) near mid-line; each side with 2 longitudinal lines of simple pores only........................................................................... Palaeolecanium bituberculatum
- Dorsum without large microducts; each side with 2 longitudinal lines of simple pores and microducts................................................................................................. Sphaerolecanium prunastri
6 Each side of dorsum with 2 lines of simple pores closely paired with microducts. Spiracular setae slender, base of each seta about 2.5 μm wide................................................................... Eulecanium cerasorum
- Each side of dorsum with 2 or 3 lines of simple pores, either closely paired with or separate from microducts. Spiracular setae thicker, base of each seta about 5 μm wide................................................................. 7
7 Each side of dorsum with 3 longitudinal lines: 2 lines consisting of simple pores only, with a line of microducts between them. Spiracular setae bluntly spinose............................................................. Eulecanium tilia e
- Each side of dorsum with submarginal longitudinal lines consisting of simple pores and dorsal microducts; submedial lines containing microducts only. Spiracular setae conical, apically rounded............................ Eulecanium ciliatum
description: Published as part of Đurović, Gordana, Spodek, Malkie & Ülgentürk, Selma, 2024, Investigations on the immature stages of some species of Eulecaniinae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), pp. 451-494 in Zootaxa 5405 (4) on page 490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5405.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10603625
Eulecaniinae
Creators: name: Đurović, Gordana
name: Spodek, Malkie
name: Ülgentürk, Selma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae

description: Key to second-instar male nymphs of Eulecaniinae found in Ankara
1 Spiracular setae absent. On Picea (spruce).................................................. Physokermes piceae
- Spiracular setae present. Not on Picea ..................................................................... 2
2 Spiracular setae numbering 2 in each spiracular cleft......................................................... 3
- Spiracular setae numbering 3 in each spiracular cleft......................................................... 4
3 Each side of dorsum with 1 submarginal longitudinal line of tubular ducts. On Abies (fir).......... Physokermes hellenicus
- Each side of dorsum with 1 submarginal line and 1 short submedian line of tubular ducts. On Rosa (roses)................................................................................................ Rhodococcus perornatus
4 Each side of dorsum with 1 or more submarginal line and without or short submedian line of tubular ducts. Spiracular setae unequal in length, with median seta clearly longer than lateral setae............................................. 5
- Each side of dorsum with 2 submarginal lines and 2 short radial rows of tubular ducts, and 1 long submedian line. Spiracular seta lengths subequal, with median seta almost same length as lateral setae........................................ 6
5 Each side of dorsum with single submarginal longitudinal line of tubular ducts, and without submedial line of tubular ducts. Venter with heavily rimmed pores, and 3 pairs of submedian setae on abdomen............... Sphaerolecanium prunastri
- Each side of dorsum with complex submarginal longitudinal lines of tubular ducts and a long submedian line of tubular ducts. Venter without heavily rimmed pores; submedian setae on abdomen numbering 6 pairs..... Palaeolecanium bituberculatum
6 Each side of dorsum with inner longitudinal line of tubular ducts running from head to anal lobes..... Eulecanium cerasorum
- Each side of dorsum with inner longitudinal line of tubular ducts running from head to thorax........................ 7
7 Each side of dorsum with inner longitudinal line of tubular ducts running from head to anterior spiracular cleft.................................................................................................. Eulecanium tiliae
- Each side of dorsum with inner longitudinal line of tubular ducts running from head to posterior spiracular cleft............................................................................................... Eulecanium ciliatum
description: Published as part of Đurović, Gordana, Spodek, Malkie & Ülgentürk, Selma, 2024, Investigations on the immature stages of some species of Eulecaniinae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), pp. 451-494 in Zootaxa 5405 (4) on pages 490-491, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5405.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10603625
Eulecaniinae
Creators: name: Đurović, Gordana
name: Spodek, Malkie
name: Ülgentürk, Selma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae

description: Key to second-instar female nymphs of Eulecaniinae found in Ankara
1 Spiracular setae absent. Dorsum with more than 50 multilocular disc-pores. On Picea (spruce)......... Physokermes piceae
- Spiracular setae present. Dorsum with about 10 multilocular disc-pores. Not on Picea ............................... 2
2 Spiracular setae numbering 2 in each spiracular cleft. Dorsum without multilocular disc-pores, or with fewer than 10 pores.. ................................................................................................... 3
- Spiracular setae numbering 3 in each spiracular cleft. Dorsum without multilocular disc pores........................ 4
3 Dorsum with multilocular disc-pores. On Abies (fir)........................................ Physokermes hellenicus
- Dorsum without dorsal multilocular disc-pores. On Rosa (roses)............................. Rhodococcus perornatus
4 Spiracular setae unequal, with median seta clearly longer than lateral setae........................................ 5
- Spiracular seta lengths subequal, with median seta almost same length as lateral setae............................... 6
5 Venter with heavily rimmed pores, and abdomen with only 3 pairs of submedian setae. Marginal setae between anterior spiracular setae numbering 12...................................................... Sphaerolecanium prunastri
- Venter without heavily rimmed pores, and abdomen with 6 pairs submedian setae. Marginal setae between anterior spiracular setae numbering 14‒17........................................................ Palaeolecanium bituberculatum
6 Marginal setae bluntly setose, numbering fewer than 55 between anterior spiracular setae............... Eulecanium tiliae
- Marginal setae conical, numbering more than 55 between anterior spiracular setae.................................. 7
7 Dorsal tubular ducts present. Spiracular setae all similar lengths to marginal setae. Marginal setae numbering 79‒97 between anterior spiracular setae............................................................... Eulecanium cerasorum
- Dorsal tubular ducts absent. At least some spiracular setae clearly longer than marginal setae. Marginal setae numbering 55‒68 between anterior spiracular setae.......................................................... Eulecanium ciliatum
description: Published as part of Đurović, Gordana, Spodek, Malkie & Ülgentürk, Selma, 2024, Investigations on the immature stages of some species of Eulecaniinae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), pp. 451-494 in Zootaxa 5405 (4) on page 491, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5405.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10603625
Eulecaniinae
Creators: name: Đurović, Gordana
name: Spodek, Malkie
name: Ülgentürk, Selma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae

description: Key to adult females of Eulecaniinae found in Ankara
1 Spiracular setae absent. On Picea (spruce)................................................. Physokermes piceae
- Spiracular setae and anal plates absent. Not on Picea ......................................................... 2
2 Spiracular setae numbering 2 in each spiracular cleft, with or without anal plates.................................. 3
- Spiracular setae numbering 3 in each spiracular cleft, with anal plates........................................... 4
3 Dorsum of each anal lobe with a large group of multilocular disc-pores and without anal plates. On Abies (fir)............................................................................................ Physokermes hellenicus
- Dorsum of anal lobe without multilocular disc-pores and with anal plates. On Rosa (roses)........................................................................................................... Rhodococcus perornatus
4 Spiracular setae unequal, with median seta clearly longer than lateral setae....................................... 5
- Spiracular seta lengths subequal, with median seta almost same length as lateral setae............................... ................................................................................................... 6
5 Dorsum with broad median band of discoidal pores mixed with hair-like setae. Tubular ducts absent.................................................................................................. Sphaerolecanium prunastri
- Dorsum with only a narrow median band of discoidal pores. Tubular ducts numerous on dorsum and in submarginal band on venter..................................................................... Palaeolecanium bituberculatum
6 Marginal setae of 2 types, hair-like and conical. Spiracular setae cylindrical, with apices swollen and blunt Eulecanium tiliae
- Marginal and spiracular setae all conical.................................................................. 7
7 Ventral multilocular disc-pores present on pro-, meso- and metathorax, also on abdominal segments... Eulecanium cerasorum
- Ventral multilocular disc-pores present on metathorax and abdominal segments only............... Eulecanium ciliatum
description: Published as part of Đurović, Gordana, Spodek, Malkie & Ülgentürk, Selma, 2024, Investigations on the immature stages of some species of Eulecaniinae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), pp. 451-494 in Zootaxa 5405 (4) on pages 491-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5405.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10603625
title: Doing justice: sentencing practices in Scottish sheriff courts
Creators: name: Velasquez Valenzuela, Javier
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Sentencing, Bourdieu, practice, theory of practice, criminology, community payback orders, judges, judge, Sheriff, Sheriffs, Scots law, custodial sentences, supervision, probation, unpaid work, suspended sentences, admonitions, social work, solicitors, plea in mitigation, criminal justice system.

description: This thesis is an examination of the sentencing practices of judges (known as Sheriffs) in criminal cases heard in the Scottish sheriff courts. Despite the importance of sentencing, there is little knowledge of how exactly Sheriffs deal with cases. In particular, little is known about why and in which cases they decide that a custodial sentence is appropriate in the context of summary court proceedings. This research aims to understand the rationales behind the Sheriffs’ sentencing practice and, through this exploration, tries to examine how Sheriffs currently understand their role as sentencers. 

To achieve this objective, I negotiated access with the Scottish Judiciary which allowed me to carry out my fieldwork during the winter of 2016/2017. I interviewed, observed and shadowed 16 Sheriffs in 14 different Sheriff Courts throughout the country. The observation entailed shadowing the Sheriffs during what is called the ‘remand court’(RC). This is a day where they deal with all the criminal business - most of it on summary procedure - concerning sentencing diets. By the end of my fieldwork, I had observed Sheriffs dealing with more than 400 cases. 

One of the key findings was to confirm the perception that different Sheriffs have distinctive sentencing styles. However, I also found that there were structural legal and non-legal factors that partially explained those differences. Critically, my findings stressed how the Sheriffs' practices are shaped by the distinctive local realities in which they practice. This contextualization of sentencing practices allowed me to explore how different social, economic and geographical differences impacted the Sheriffs’ decision-making. Furthermore, through the observation of the Sheriffs in court and in their chambers, I was able to describe the routines behind sentencing practices. This allowed me to explore at which stages of these routines the Sheriffs’ decision-making begins to differ from one another. As a consequence, I was able to outline two models of sentencing practices. The first one is a depiction of the observable stages of the sentencing process. The second one is related to the fundamental questions the Sheriff faces during the individualisation of punishment which allow us to highlight at which moment the different sentencing styles emerge.
Epirhyssa amazonica Mocsary 1905
Creators: name: Gómez, Isrrael C.
name: Sääksjärvi, Ilari E.
name: Puhakka, Liisa
name: Castillo, Carol
name: Bordera, Santiago
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Epirhyssa
Epirhyssa amazonica

description: Epirhyssa amazonica Mocsary 1905
(Fig. 2 D)
Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from all other Neotropical Epirhyssa by the combination of the following characters: 1) margin of clypeus strongly convex; 2) propodeum short and finely granulate with dense long setae; 3) tergite I polished with fine wrinkles; and 4) mesoscutum with transverse rugae discontinuous and rounded.
Variation. Three specimens from Peruvian Amazonia show variation in coloration: lime yellow and black instead of pale yellow and brownish pattern of the paratype. Although the pattern is similar and structurally there are no clear differences with the paratype studied, this variation makes us consider the possibility of re-examining the identification of these specimens in the future when more material is available.
Distribution. Bolivia; Brazil; Peru.
Material examined. Paratype: Female (FSCA) Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Buena vista, 12.VII.1972 Porter & Stange.
Peru: Female (ZMUT) Dept. of Madre de Dios, Los Amigos, 278 m., Isrrael Gómez leg Malaise trap, 14–21.VIII. 2008. Female (ZMUT), Dept. Loreto, Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana, 3°58’29” S, 73°25’46” W, 124 m., Sääksjärvi et al. leg., Malaise D2/ 3. X.1998. Male (ZMUT): Dept. of Madre de Dios, Los Amigos, 278 m., Isrrael Gómez leg., Malaise, 14–21.VIII. 2008.
Biological notes. This species seems to be well distributed in lowland Amazonia and is recorded for the first time from Peru.
description: Published as part of Gómez, Isrrael C., Sääksjärvi, Ilari E., Puhakka, Liisa, Castillo, Carol & Bordera, Santiago, 2015, The Peruvian Amazonian species of Epirhyssa Cresson (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae), with notes on tropical species richness, pp. 311-336 in Zootaxa 3937 (2) on pages 316-317, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3937.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/243111
Epirhyssa braconoides Porter 1978
Creators: name: Gómez, Isrrael C.
name: Sääksjärvi, Ilari E.
name: Puhakka, Liisa
name: Castillo, Carol
name: Bordera, Santiago
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Epirhyssa
Epirhyssa braconoides

description: Epirhyssa braconoides Porter 1978
(Figs 1 B, 2B, 3B)
Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from all other Neotropical Epirhyssa by the combination of the following characters: 1) fore wing with two blackish bands; 2) apex of hind wing blackish; 3) facial orbits generally white (blackish in a few specimens); and 4) base of hind coxae orange.
Distribution. Brazil; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru.
Material examined. Brazil: Male, (BMNH) Bahia, Cepec Itabuna, F.P. Benton leg., 4.VIII.1979.
Ecuador: Male (USNM), Dept. Orellana, Onkone gare, 216 m., Erwin et al. leg., fogging 0° 39’ S, 76°27’ W, X.1995. Male (USNM), Dept. Orellana, Tiputini, 250 m., Erwin et al. leg., fogging 0° 37’ S, 76°08’ W, X.1998.
Colombia: Female (NHRS), Amazonas, PNN Amacayacu, 150 m., 3° 23’ S, 70°6’ W, A. Parente leg., Malaise, 28.V–11.VI.2001. Male, (BMNH) Vaupes, Miraflores, 31.I–5.II.1972, M.Cooper. B.M 1972-275.
Peru: Female (ZMUT), Dept. of Madre de Dios, Los Amigos, 290 m., Isrrael Gómez leg Malaise trap, 21–28.V.2008. Female (ZMUT), as above but, 240 m., 24–31.VII.2008. Female (ZMUT): Dept. Loreto, Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana, 3°58’ S, 73°25’ W, 124 m., I. Gómez & Sääksjärvi leg., Net, 11–17.VII.2011. Female (ZMUT): Dept. Loreto, Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo-Mishana, 3°58’29” S, 73°25’46” W, 124 m., Sääksjärvi et al. leg., Malaise, 7–13.VIII.2011. Female (ZMUT). Dept. of Cusco, Amarakaeri, 12°55’ S, 70°51’ W, 333– 884 m., Vilchez & Castillo leg., net, IX.2010.
Biological notes. This species is well distributed in the whole Amazon region and is recorded for the first time from Colombia and Ecuador.
description: Published as part of Gómez, Isrrael C., Sääksjärvi, Ilari E., Puhakka, Liisa, Castillo, Carol & Bordera, Santiago, 2015, The Peruvian Amazonian species of Epirhyssa Cresson (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae), with notes on tropical species richness, pp. 311-336 in Zootaxa 3937 (2) on page 317, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3937.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/243111
Epirhyssa lygra Porter 1978
Creators: name: Gómez, Isrrael C.
name: Sääksjärvi, Ilari E.
name: Puhakka, Liisa
name: Castillo, Carol
name: Bordera, Santiago
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Epirhyssa
Epirhyssa lygra

description: Epirhyssa lygra Porter 1978
Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from all other Neotropical Epirhyssa by the combination of the following characters: 1) occipital carina joining hypostomal carina; 2) tergite I elongate, about 2.7 times as long as posteriorly broad; 3) propodeum smooth and polished, with median longitudinal depression; and 4) submetapleural carina sharp throughout.
Distribution. Peru.
Biological notes. Only one specimen (holotype) is known to occur in Central Peruvian Amazonia.
description: Published as part of Gómez, Isrrael C., Sääksjärvi, Ilari E., Puhakka, Liisa, Castillo, Carol & Bordera, Santiago, 2015, The Peruvian Amazonian species of Epirhyssa Cresson (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae), with notes on tropical species richness, pp. 311-336 in Zootaxa 3937 (2) on page 327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3937.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/243111
Epirhyssa melampyge Porter 1978
Creators: name: Gómez, Isrrael C.
name: Sääksjärvi, Ilari E.
name: Puhakka, Liisa
name: Castillo, Carol
name: Bordera, Santiago
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Epirhyssa
Epirhyssa melampyge

description: Epirhyssa melampyge Porter 1978
Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from all other Neotropical Epirhyssa by the combination of the following characters: 1) occipital carina not joining hypostomal carina; 2) hind tibia prominently swollen; and 3) tergite I elongate, about 3.2 times as long as posteriorly broad; and 4) strong median tubercle on the anterior edge of the clypeus.
Distribution. Peru.
Biological notes. Only one male specimen (holotype) has been found from the Andean-Amazonian interface in southern Peru.
description: Published as part of Gómez, Isrrael C., Sääksjärvi, Ilari E., Puhakka, Liisa, Castillo, Carol & Bordera, Santiago, 2015, The Peruvian Amazonian species of Epirhyssa Cresson (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae), with notes on tropical species richness, pp. 311-336 in Zootaxa 3937 (2) on page 328, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3937.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/243111
Epirhyssa nigrithorax Graf & Kumagai 2004
Creators: name: Gómez, Isrrael C.
name: Sääksjärvi, Ilari E.
name: Puhakka, Liisa
name: Castillo, Carol
name: Bordera, Santiago
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Epirhyssa
Epirhyssa nigrithorax

description: Epirhyssa nigrithorax Graf & Kumagai 2004
(Fig. 7 F)
Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from all other Neotropical Epirhyssa by the combination of the following characters: 1) mesosoma totally or almost totally blackish; 2) occipital carina weakly present, not joining hypostomal carina; 3) clypeus with the apical tubercle sharp; and 4) tergite II with longitudinal wrinkling. The species is very closely related to E. electronigra sp. n. (see the diagnosis and notes of the latter species).
Distribution. Brazil, Peru.
Material examined. Peru: Female (UNSM, currently on loan to ZMUT): Dept. of Cusco, Tono, 12°57’ S, 70°32’ W, 862 m., Castillo leg., Malaise.
Biological notes.This species is currently restricted to western Amazonia in mid altitude areas and is recorded for the first time from Peru.
description: Published as part of Gómez, Isrrael C., Sääksjärvi, Ilari E., Puhakka, Liisa, Castillo, Carol & Bordera, Santiago, 2015, The Peruvian Amazonian species of Epirhyssa Cresson (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae), with notes on tropical species richness, pp. 311-336 in Zootaxa 3937 (2) on page 328, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3937.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/243111
Epirhyssa pertenuis Porter 1978
Creators: name: Gómez, Isrrael C.
name: Sääksjärvi, Ilari E.
name: Puhakka, Liisa
name: Castillo, Carol
name: Bordera, Santiago
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Epirhyssa
Epirhyssa pertenuis

description: Epirhyssa pertenuis Porter 1978
(Fig. 3 D)
Male. Fore wing length about 11–12 mm. Head with occipital carina present not joining hypostomal carina; posterior ocellus separated from eye by about 1.5 times its diameter; clypeus with a strong tubercle; lower face about 1.1 times as broad as medially long, polished with sparse setae. Mesosoma with strong epomia; mesoscutum with central lobe not overhanging pronotum, transverse rugae discontinuous and sharp with short sparse pubescence; mesopleuron polished, with scattered setiferous punctures; subalar prominence inflated; epicnemial carina weak, not reaching level of lower corner of pronotum; propodeum highly polished with scattered setae, without median longitudinal depression; submetapleural carina complete. Metasoma with tergite I about 4.8 times as long as posteriorly broad, dorsally highly polished; tergite II about 2.1 times as long as posteriorly broad, highly polished, tergites III+ highly polished.
Coloration. An entirely orange-reddish species.
Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from all other Neotropical Epirhyssa by the combination of the following characters: 1) tergite I extremely elongate, about 4.8 times as long as posteriorly broad; 2) tergite II basally with wrinkling; 3) entirely fulvous; and 4) propodeum highly polished without a trace of a median longitudinal depression.
Distribution. French Guiana, Peru.
Material examined. Paratype: Female (FSCA) Peru, Tingo María, 620 m., X-5/12 -1964, C.C. Porter.
Non-type material. Male (ZMUT), French Guiana, Male, French Guiana, M´de Kaw, Patawa, O. Morvan leg., rec., IX.2003.
Biological notes. This species is recorded for the first time from French Guiana. The male is described for the first time.
description: Published as part of Gómez, Isrrael C., Sääksjärvi, Ilari E., Puhakka, Liisa, Castillo, Carol & Bordera, Santiago, 2015, The Peruvian Amazonian species of Epirhyssa Cresson (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae), with notes on tropical species richness, pp. 311-336 in Zootaxa 3937 (2) on page 328, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3937.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/243111
Epirhyssa zaphyma Porter 1978
Creators: name: Gómez, Isrrael C.
name: Sääksjärvi, Ilari E.
name: Puhakka, Liisa
name: Castillo, Carol
name: Bordera, Santiago
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Epirhyssa
Epirhyssa zaphyma

description: Epirhyssa zaphyma Porter 1978
(Figs 2 C, 3F, 7B)
Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from all other Neotropical Epirhyssa by the combination of the following characters: 1) almost entirely fulvous; 2) tergite I long, about 2.5–3.0 times as long as posteriorly broad; and 3) clypeus with a strong median tubercle.
Distribution. Brazil; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru.
Material examined. Brazil: Female (INPA), Dept. of Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Ducke, Igarape, J.M.F. Ribeiro leg., Malaise, 31.XII.2002.
Ecuador: Male (USNM), Dept. Orellana, Onkone gare, 216 m., Erwin et al. leg., fogging 0° 39’ S, 76°27’ W, VI.1996.
Peru: Female (UNSM), Dept. of Cusco, Amarakaeri, 12°55’ S, 70°51’ W, 333– 884 m., Vilchez & Castillo leg., net, Female (ZMUT), Dept. Loreto, Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana, 3°58’ S, 73°25’ W, 124 m., I. Gómez & Sääksjärvi leg., Malaise, 2.X.2011. Female (ZMUT), as above but, Sääksjärvi et al. leg., Malaise, H2(16), 21.XII.2000. Male (ZMUT), Dept. Loreto, Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana, 3°58’ S, 73°25’ W, 124 m., I. Gómez & Sääksjärvi leg., Malaise, 5–11.XII.2011. Male (ZMUT), Dept. of Madre de Dios, Los Amigos, 280 m., Castillo leg., Malaise, 5.III.2006.
Biological notes. This species is well distributed in lowland Amazonia and is recorded for the first time from Brazil, Ecuador and Peru.
description: Published as part of Gómez, Isrrael C., Sääksjärvi, Ilari E., Puhakka, Liisa, Castillo, Carol & Bordera, Santiago, 2015, The Peruvian Amazonian species of Epirhyssa Cresson (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae), with notes on tropical species richness, pp. 311-336 in Zootaxa 3937 (2) on pages 332-333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3937.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/243111
Myrmecina Curtis
Creators: name: Shattuck, Steve
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Myrmecina

description: Myrmecina Curtis
Myrmecina Curtis 1829: 265. Type species: Formica graminicola Latreille 1802, by monotypy.
Diagnosis. The sides of the head behind the eyes with an elongate ridge or groove on each side which starts at the mandibles, runs the length of the head and ends near the upper corners. In side view, the petiole is low, rounded and barrel-shaped and lacks a distinct node. The propodeum is armed with long spines near the angle as well as short spines or angles near the metanotal groove. The distinctive ridge on the sides of the head behind the eyes combined with the low, rounded petiole will separate these ants from all others in Australia.
List of Australian species
alpina sp. n.
australis Wheeler and Wheeler difficulta sp. n.
eruga sp. n.
inaequala sp. n. pumila sp. n.
rugosa Forel
silvalaeva sp. n. silvampla sp. n.
silvangula sp. n. silvarugosa sp. n. silvatransversa sp. n. wesselensis sp. n.
description: Published as part of Shattuck, Steve, 2009, A revision the Australian species of the ant genus Myrmecina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 2146 on page 2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.188674
Myrmecina alpina Shattuck, 2009, sp. n.
Creators: name: Shattuck, Steve
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Myrmecina
Myrmecina alpina

description: Myrmecina alpina sp. n.
(Figs 1–4, 47)
Types. Holotype worker from Mt. Demi, 7km SW Mossman, 16°30'S 145°19'E, 1100m, Queensland, 29 Oct. 1983, D. K. Yeates & G. I. Thompson, rainforest, sieved litter berlesate (ANIC, ANIC32-047350); 13 paratype workers, same data as holotype (ANIC, BMNH, MCZC, ANIC32-047232).
Diagnosis. Sides of head behind compound eyes with 2–3 well defined longitudinal carinae running nearly the length of the head. The presence of these carinae will separate this species from all others in Australia with the exception of some higher-elevation populations of M. silvangula. The longitudinal rather than transverse sculpturing on the pronotum will separate this taxon from these workers.
Worker description. Antennal scapes smooth to weakly ridged. First segment of funiculus cone-shaped. Sides of head behind compound eyes with 2–3 longitudinal carinae running the length of the head. Sculpturing on dorsal surface of mesosoma running longitudinally and generally with the central carina (or carinae) running nearly the length (the pronotum not differentiated from the mesonotum). Carinae extending continuously from the dorsal surface onto the lateral surfaces of the mesosoma. Metanotal spines short. Propodeal spines long. Erect hairs abundant, straight. Colour dark brown-black, antennae, mandibles and legs yellow-red.
Measurements. Worker (n = 5) - CI 95–99; HL 0.72–0.84; HW 0.69–0.80; MTL 0.38–0.45; SI 85–94; SL 0.65–0.72; WL 0.87–1.06.
Additional material examined (ANIC except where noted). Queensland: 1km S Mt. Lewis (Calder,A. & Weir,T.); 2.5km N Mt. Lewis via Julatten (Yeates,D.K. & Thompson,G.I.); 4km WNW Round Mt. site 3 (Burwell,C.) (QMBA); 4km WNW Round Mt. site 5 (Yek,S) (QMBA); Mary Creek site 4 (Burwell,C.) (QMBA); Mary Creek site 5 (Burwell,C.) (QMBA); Mt. Demi, 7km SW Mossman (Yeates,D.K. & Thompson,G.I.); Mt. Lewis (Taylor & Feehan); Mt. Lewis (Van Ingen,L.) (TERC); Mt. Lewis summit, via Julatten (Monteith,G. & Cook,D.); The Bluff, 11km W Mossman (Monteith,G.B. & Yeates,D.K.).
Comments. This is a high-elevation specialist known from a limited number of mountain-tops, the lowest collection site being just less than 1000m, and is confined to an area less than 20 square kilometres within Queensland’s wet tropics. It is found in rainforest where it has been collected in leaf litter samples. It is sympatric with silvarugosa, another high-elevation species, and these two species are the only Australian species with carinae on the sides of the head behind the eyes.
description: Published as part of Shattuck, Steve, 2009, A revision the Australian species of the ant genus Myrmecina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 2146 on pages 3-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.188674
Myrmecina rugosa Forel
Creators: name: Shattuck, Steve
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Myrmecina
Myrmecina rugosa

description: Myrmecina rugosa Forel
(Figs 26–28, 50)
Myrmecina rugosa Forel, 1902: 438.
Types. Syntype workers from Mackay, Queensland, Turner (1 worker in ANIC, examined, ANIC32-047224).
Diagnosis. Rugae on head and dorsum of mesosoma irregular and ill-defined, not forming a regular pattern. The presence of irregular rugae on the body of this species will separate it from all other Australian species.
Worker description. Antennal scapes smooth or with low ridges. First segment of funiculus coneshaped. Sides of head behind compound eyes smooth. Sculpturing on dorsal surface of mesosoma ill-defined and irregular rugae. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of mesosoma separated by an indistinct angle or ridge which interrupts or breaks the mesosomal sculpturing. Metanotal spines very short. Propodeal spines long. Erect hairs abundant, straight. Colour dark brown-black, antennae, mandibles, legs and tip of gaster yellow-red.
Measurements. Worker (n = 1) — CI 101; HL 0.64; HW 0.65; MTL 0.35; SI 81; SL 0.53; WL 0.78.
Comments. This species, the first species in the genus described from Australia, is so far known only from type material. It can be recognised by the irregular rugose body sculpturing which is in contrast to the remaining Australian species where distinct carinae are present on the head and mesosoma. It is curious that this species was the first described given that it is one of the rarest in the genus.
description: Published as part of Shattuck, Steve, 2009, A revision the Australian species of the ant genus Myrmecina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 2146 on pages 13-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.188674