cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gravitational Cheshire effect: Nonminimally coupled scalar fields may not curve spacetime
Creators: name: Ayón-Beato, Eloy
name: Martínez, Cristián
name: Troncoso, Ricardo
name: Zanelli, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that flat spacetime can be dressed with a real scalar field that satisfies the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation without curving spacetime. Surprisingly, this possibility arises from the nonminimal coupling of the scalar field with the curvature, since a footprint of the coupling remains in the energy-momentum tensor even when gravity is switched off. Requiring the existence of solutions with vanishing energy-momentum tensor fixes the self-interaction potential as a local function of the scalar field depending on two coupling constants. The solutions describe shock waves and, in the Euclidean continuation, instanton configurations in any dimension. As a consequence of this effect, the tachyonic solutions of the free massive Klein-Gordon equation become part of the vacuum.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, CECS style; small changes to match published version, title changed by journal
Can you be an effective principal when you don"št smoke, swing a club, or ride a Harley?
Creators: name: Jacobs, Jacqueline E.
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2017

description: Perhaps, the day will come when men and women administrators will learn with, and from each other, without having to consider whether it earns (or costs them) "brownie point" with the superintendent. The increasing desire for essential leadership skills that promote collaboration, consensus building, and empowerment of others has resulted in more opportunities for women (Logan, 1998) in educational administration. According to Patterson (1994), there "exists a world view in which gender and racial equity issues are no longer considered to be a problem" (p. 2). And, Logan (1998) suggests, "although problems still persist and much remains to be done to remove gender filters in the workplace, conditions are favorable for advancing gender equity" (p. 4). Yet, at the most basic levels of interaction, administrators may not exhibit collaboration, consensus building and supportive empowerment when interacting with each other. Consider this: if you don't smoke cigars, play golf, or ride a motorcycle, how effective can you be as an administrator? Even when you know something about being a good principal and educational leader, if you don't participate in the social activities supported by the superintendent you can't help but wonder if your teachers and students would be better off if you did. Patterson (1994) reminds us "we live in a society in which white men define and legitimate the dominant culture" (p. 3). This is a tale of how true that still is.
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 10 (2002)
Supplementary document for Suppression of Kerr-Induced Satellites in Multi-Pulse CPA - 7197086.pdf
Creators: name: Stummer, Vinzenz
name: Kaksis, Edgar
name: Pugzlys, Audrius
name: Baltuska, Andrius
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Lasers and Quantum Electronics
Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy

description: Supplemental Document
Hypernode Automata
Creators: name: Bartocci, Ezio
name: Henzinger, Thomas A.
name: Nickovic, Dejan
name: da Costa, Ana Oliveira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.4.1
subject: 68Q45

description: We introduce hypernode automata as a new specification formalism for hyperproperties of concurrent systems. They are finite automata with nodes labeled with hypernode logic formulas and transitions labeled with actions. A hypernode logic formula specifies relations between sequences of variable values in different system executions. Unlike HyperLTL, hypernode logic takes an asynchronous view on execution traces by constraining the values and the order of value changes of each variable without correlating the timing of the changes. Different execution traces are synchronized solely through the transitions of hypernode automata. Hypernode automata naturally combine asynchronicity at the node level with synchronicity at the transition level. We show that the model-checking problem for hypernode automata is decidable over action-labeled Kripke structures, whose actions induce transitions of the specification automaton. For this reason, hypernode automaton is a suitable formalism for specifying and verifying asynchronous hyperproperties, such as declassifying observational determinism in multi-threaded programs.
Geant4 Systematic Study of the FRACAS Apparatus for Hadrontherapy Cross Section Measurements
Creators: name: Barlerin, Edgar
name: Salvador, Samuel
name: Labalme, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we report on systematic Monte Carlo (MC) studies for the FRACAS apparatus, a large acceptance mass spectrometer that will be used to measure the fragmentation cross sections of $^{12}$C ions for hadrontherapy. The apparatus placed, in a 100 mbar reaction chamber, will be made of a beam monitor, trackers surrounding a magnet and a Time-Of-Flight (TOF) wall. In order to determine the required performances of the trackers, Geant4 simulations of the whole system and in-house developed algorithms were used. While keeping the beam monitor and TOF-wall positions fixed, the effects of the tracker positions and spatial resolutions on the trajectory reconstruction and mass identification efficiencies have been extracted. An optimal configuration was found where the upstream trackers should be located 6 cm away from the target and spaced 4 cm apart whereas their spatial resolutions should be close to 100 $μ$m. The positions of the downstream trackers will have to be changed according to the beam energy to preserve high identification efficiencies. Their spatial resolutions, even though of a lesser importance compared to the upstream trackers, should be around 1 mm or better. In this optimal configuration, an overall fragment identification efficiency above 90% has been obtained for beam energies ranging from 100 to 400 MeV/nucleon.
Possible evidence for the ejection of a supermassive black hole from an ongoing merger of galaxies
Creators: name: Haehnelt, Martin G.
name: Davies, Melvyn B.
name: Rees, Martin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Attempts of Magain et al (2005) to detect the host galaxy of the bright QSO HE0450--2958 have not been successful. We suggest that the supermassive black hole powering the QSO was ejected from the observed ULIRG at the same redshift and at 1.5 arcsec distance. Ejection could have either be caused by recoil due to gravitational wave emission from a coalescing binary of supermassive black holes or the gravitational slingshot of three or more supermassive black holes in the ongoing merger of galaxies which triggered the starburst activity in the ULIRG. We discuss implications for the possible hierarchical build-up of supermassive black holes from intermediate and/or stellar mass black holes, and for the detection of coalescing supermassive binary black holes by LISA.
description: 4 pages, LaTeX, no figures; MNRAS in press
Additional file 1 of Treatment- and population-specific genetic risk factors for anti-drug antibodies against interferon-beta: a GWAS
Creators: name: Andlauer, Till F. M.
name: Link, Jenny
name: Martin, Dorothea
name: Ryner, Malin
name: Hermanrud, Christina
name: Grummel, Verena
name: Auer, Michael
name: Hegen, Harald
name: Aly, Lilian
name: Gasperi, Christiane
name: Knier, Benjamin
name: Müller-Myhsok, Bertram
name: Jensen, Poul Erik Hyldgaard
name: Sellebjerg, Finn
name: Kockum, Ingrid
name: Olsson, Tomas
name: Pallardy, Marc
name: Spindeldreher, Sebastian
name: Deisenhammer, Florian
name: Fogdell-Hahn, Anna
name: Hemmer, Bernhard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1. Previous measurements and design of new ADA measurements. Previous ADA measurements in the Swedish KI and German TUM cohorts per treatment preparation and distribution of samples for the new ADA measurements. For part of the TUM patients, only previous bADA measurements were available.
Additional file 21 of Treatment- and population-specific genetic risk factors for anti-drug antibodies against interferon-beta: a GWAS
Creators: name: Andlauer, Till F. M.
name: Link, Jenny
name: Martin, Dorothea
name: Ryner, Malin
name: Hermanrud, Christina
name: Grummel, Verena
name: Auer, Michael
name: Hegen, Harald
name: Aly, Lilian
name: Gasperi, Christiane
name: Knier, Benjamin
name: Müller-Myhsok, Bertram
name: Jensen, Poul Erik Hyldgaard
name: Sellebjerg, Finn
name: Kockum, Ingrid
name: Olsson, Tomas
name: Pallardy, Marc
name: Spindeldreher, Sebastian
name: Deisenhammer, Florian
name: Fogdell-Hahn, Anna
name: Hemmer, Bernhard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 21. Forest plots of the top GWAS variants and HLA alleles in the analysis of IFNβ-1b s.c.-treated patients. Green: IFNβ-1a s.c., blue: IFNβ-1a i.m., orange: IFNβ-1b s.c., magenta: pooled discovery−/replication-stage analyses. D. = discovery, R. = replication, P. = pooled discovery + replication.
Frequency of Hot Jupiters and Very Hot Jupiters from the OGLE-III Transit Surveys Toward the Galactic Bulge and Carina
Creators: name: Gould, Andrew
name: Dorsher, Susan
name: Gaudi, B. Scott
name: Udalski, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the frequencies of hot Jupiters (HJs) with 3--5 day periods and very hot Jupiters (VHJs) with 1-3 day periods by comparing the planets actually detected in the OGLE-III survey with those predicted by our models. The models are constructed following Gould & Morgan (2003) by populating the line of sight with stars drawn from the Hipparcos catalog. Using these, we demonstrate that the number of stars with sensitivity to HJs and VHJs is only 4--16% of those in the OGLE-III fields satisfying the spectroscopic-followup limit of V_max<17.5. Hence, the frequencies we derive are much higher than a naive estimate would indicate. We find that at 90% confidence the fraction of stars with planets in the two period ranges is (1/310)(1^{+1.39}_{-0.59}) for HJs and (1/690)(1^{+1.10}_{-0.54}) for VHJs. The HJ rate is statistically indistinguishable from that found in radial velocity (RV) studies. However, we note that magnitude-limited RV samples are heavily biased toward metal-rich (hence, planet-bearing) stars, while transit surveys are not, and therefore we expect that more sensitive transit surveys should find a deficit of HJs as compared to RV surveys. The detection of 3 transiting VHJs, all with periods less than 2 days, is marginally consistent with the complete absence of such detections in RV surveys. The planets detected are consistent with being uniformly distributed between 1.00 and 1.25 Jovian radii, but there are too few in the sample to map this distribution in detail.
description: 62 pages including 16 figures and 9 tables. Submitted to Acta Astronomica. Full resolution version at http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~gould/ogle_hot_jupiters.ps.gz
On Higher-Spin Points and Infinite Distances in Conformal Manifolds
Creators: name: Baume, Florent
name: Calderón-Infante, José
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Distances in the conformal manifold, the space of CFTs related by marginal deformations, can be measured in terms of the Zamolodchikov metric. Part of the CFT Distance Conjecture posits that points in this manifold where part of the spectrum becomes free, called higher-spin points, can only be at infinite distance from the interior. There, an infinite tower of operators become conserved currents, and the conformal symmetry is enhanced to a higher-spin algebra. This proposal was initially motivated by the Swampland Distance Conjecture, one of pillars of the Swampland Program. In this work, we show that the conjecture can be tackled using only methods from the conformal toolkit, and without relying on the existence of a weakly-coupled gravity dual. Via conformal perturbation theory combined with properties of correlators and of the higher-spin algebra, we establish that higher-spin points are indeed at infinite distance in the conformal manifold. We make no assumptions besides the usual properties of local CFTs, such as unitarity and the existence of an energy-momentum tensor. In particular, we do not rely on a specific dimension of spacetime (although we assume $d>2$), nor do we require the presence of supersymmetry.
description: 34 pages + appendices; two figures. v2: matches published version
SIS100 status report 2014
Creators: name: Spiller, P.
name: Blell, U.
name: Bozyk, L.
name: Ceballos Velasco, J.
name: Eisel, T.
name: Fischer, E.
name: König, Hans Günter
name: Kornilov, V.
name: Kowina, P.
name: Maier, J. P.
name: Mierau, A.
name: Mühle, C.
name: Omet, C.
name: Ondreka, David
name: Ramakers, H.
name: Pyka, Niels
name: Rottländer, P.
name: Roux, C.
name: Schnizer, P.
name: Wilfert, S.
name: Winters, D.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
What are neutron stars made of? Gravitational waves may reveal the answer
Creators: name: Lu, Neil
name: Scott, Susan M.
name: Wette, Karl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron stars are one of the most mysterious wonders in the Universe. Their extreme densities hint at new and exotic physics at work within. Gravitational waves could be the key to unlocking their secrets. In particular, a first detection of gravitational waves from rapidly-spinning, deformed neutron stars could yield new insights into the physics of matter at extreme densities and under strong gravity. Once a first detection is made, a critical challenge will be to robustly extract physically interesting information from the detected signals. In this essay, we describe initial research towards answering this challenge, and thereby unleashing the full power of gravitational waves as an engine for the discovery of new physics.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures. This essay was awarded 5th Place in the Gravity Research Foundation 2023 Awards for Essays on Gravitation. To appear in International Journal of Modern Physics D
Star Forming Galaxies at z~6 and Reionization
Creators: name: Bunker, Andrew
name: Stanway, Elizabeth
name: Ellis, Richard
name: McMahon, Richard
name: Eyles, Laurence
name: Lacy, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the abundance of i'-band drop-outs in the HST/ACS GOODS surveys and the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (UDF). The majority of these sources are likely to be z~6 galaxies whose flux decrement arises from Lyman-alpha absorption. We have shown with Keck/DEIMOS spectroscopy that this technique does indeed select high redshift galaxies, and we discovered Lyman-alpha emission for about a third of the galaxies with z'_AB<25.6 The increased depth of UDF enables us to reach a ~10sigma limiting magnitude of z'_AB=28.5 (equivalent to 1.5M_sun/yr at z=6.1, or 0.1L*_UV for the z~3 U-drop population). The star formation rate at z~6 was approximately x6 LESS than at z~3. This declining comoving star formation rate poses an interesting challenge for models which suggest that L_UV>0.1L* star forming galaxies at z~6 reionized the universe. The short-fall in ionizing photons might be alleviated by galaxies fainter than our limit, or a radically different IMF. Alternatively, the bulk of reionization might have occurred at z>>6. We have recently discovered evidence of an early epoch of star formation in some of the i'-drops at z~6. Spitzer images with IRAC at 3.6-4.5microns show evidence of the age-sensitive Balmer/4000Ang break, dominated by stars older than 100Myr (and most probably 400Myr old). This pushes the formation epoch for these galaxies to z_form=7.5-13.5. There are at least some galaxies already assembled with stellar masses ~3x10^10M_sun (equivalent to 0.2M* today) within the first billion years. The early formation of such systems may have played a key role in reionizing the Universe at z~10.
description: To appear in proceedings of UC Irvine May 2005 workshop on "First Light & Reionization", eds. E. Barton & A. Cooray, New Astronomy Reviews, in press
title: Nondestructive Evaluation of Rigid Pavements Using Road Rater Deflections
title: [1984]
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Sharpe, Gary W.
name: Anderson, Mark
name: Deen, Robert C.
name: Southgate, Herbert F.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1984
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Road Rater deflections have been used to determine in-place structural conditions of rigid and composite pavements, based on modifications of principles and experience with the structural evaluation of flexible pavements. Details of the use of elastic layer theory to simulate deflection measurements associated with loadings for the Kentucky Road Rater are presented. Included is an illustration of the use of field deflection measurements to "back calculate'" in-place moduli. The procedures are generally iterative and involve matching measured deflections with theoretical deflections. Elastic layer principles have been used to simulate deflections only at the midslab position. Relationships regarding deflections at other locations on the slab currently involve empirical analyses. Evaluations involving the effects of pavement temperature, time of day, season, etc. are still empirical. In summary, major aspects of this paper will be twofold. One will be related to procedures and principles applied to the use of deflections and layer elastic theory to estimate effective parameters representative of existing in-place pavement conditions. The second will be related to the application of deflection measurements and evaluation methodologies to determine appropriate recommendations of rehabilitation strategies and scheduling for rigid pavements.
Ratio of cross-sections of kaons to pions produced in $pp$ collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s}$
Creators: name: Lykasov, G. I.
name: Malakhov, A. I.
name: Zaitsev, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A calculation of the inclusive spectra of pions and kaons produced in $pp$ collisions as functions of their transverse momentum $p_t$ at mid-rapidity is presented within the self-similarity approach. A satisfactory description of the data within a wide range of initial energies is presented. We focus mainly on the ratio of cross-sections of $K^\pm$ to $π^\pm$ mesons produced in $pp$ collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s}$. A fast rise of this ratio, when the initial energy increases starting from the kaon production threshold up to $\sqrt{s}\simeq$ 20-30 Gev, is revealed together with its very slow increase up to LHC energies. The energy dependence of this ratio is due to the conservation laws of four-momenta and quantum numbers of the initial and produced hadrons, and to the Regge behavior of cross-sections at large energies. The more or less satisfactory agreement of these ratios with NA61-SHINE, RHIC and LHC data is demonstrated.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Supplementary document for Plasmonic Devices – Equivalent Circuit Representations - 7228996.pdf
Creators: name: Baumann, Michael
name: Koepfli, Stefan
name: Vukovic, Boris
name: Bisang, Dominik
name: Smajic, Jasmin
name: Leuthold, Juerg
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplement 1
Additional file 20 of Treatment- and population-specific genetic risk factors for anti-drug antibodies against interferon-beta: a GWAS
Creators: name: Andlauer, Till F. M.
name: Link, Jenny
name: Martin, Dorothea
name: Ryner, Malin
name: Hermanrud, Christina
name: Grummel, Verena
name: Auer, Michael
name: Hegen, Harald
name: Aly, Lilian
name: Gasperi, Christiane
name: Knier, Benjamin
name: Müller-Myhsok, Bertram
name: Jensen, Poul Erik Hyldgaard
name: Sellebjerg, Finn
name: Kockum, Ingrid
name: Olsson, Tomas
name: Pallardy, Marc
name: Spindeldreher, Sebastian
name: Deisenhammer, Florian
name: Fogdell-Hahn, Anna
name: Hemmer, Bernhard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 20. Regional association plots of the top GWAS variants in the analysis of IFNβ-1b s.c.-treated patients. Regional association plots of variants from the GWAS generated using LocusZoom v1.4 and the 1000 Genomes 1000G_Nov2014 EUR reference panel [72]. The color of dots indicates LD with the lead variant (pink). Gray dots represent signals with missing LD r2 values. If no LD information was present in the database on the top variant, LD with the variant showing the second-lowest p-value is indicated. The gray line indicates genome-wide significance. cM: centimorgan, chr: chromosome, Mb: mega base pairs.
W-like states of N uncoupled spins 1/2
Creators: name: Ferraro, E.
name: Napoli, A.
name: Jivulescu, M. A.
name: Messina, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exact dynamics of a disordered spin star system, describing a central spin coupled to N distinguishable and non interacting spins 1/2, is reported. Exploiting their interaction with the central single spin system, we present possible conditional schemes for the generation of W-like states, as well as of well-defined angular momentum states, of the N uncoupled spins. We provide in addition a way to estimate the coupling intensity between each of the N spins and the central one. Finally the feasibility of our procedure is briefly discussed.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in European Physical Journal Special Topics
Reimagining our Academic Journeys through Spiritual Metaphor
Creators: name: Collay, Michelle
name: Gehrig, Sandra
name: Lesniak, Valerie
name: Mayer, Carol
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2017

description: Four mid-life women examine their individual and collective pilgrimages through, near and around the academy. Our pilgrimages are spiritual, moral, social, and developmental in a variety of ways. Our scholarship reflects these perspectives with language, research frameworks, and metaphors for understanding. We offer women of, within, and about the academy the metaphors as lenses to understand our academic journeys. So much of our language about recent membership in the academy depicts being "other" and about exclusion and indifference, we felt compelled to take a proactive stance about our own journeys. The language of these spiritually-grounded metaphors are a beginning.
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 10 (2002)
Supplementary document for Plasmonic Devices – Equivalent Circuit Representations - 7147218.pdf
Creators: name: Baumann, Michael
name: Koepfli, Stefan
name: Vukovic, Boris
name: Bisang, Dominik
name: Smajic, Jasmin
name: Leuthold, Juerg
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplement 1
Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly-alpha emitters at z>3 to Lyman continuum escape
Creators: name: Kramarenko, I. G.
name: Kerutt, J.
name: Verhamme, A.
name: Oesch, P. A.
name: Barrufet, L.
name: Matthee, J.
name: Kusakabe, H.
name: Goovaerts, I.
name: Thai, T. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physical conditions giving rise to high escape fractions of ionizing radiation (LyC $f_{\rm{esc}}$) in star-forming galaxies - most likely protagonists of cosmic reionization - are not yet fully understood. Using the VLT/MUSE observations of ~1400 Ly$α$ emitters at 2.9 < z < 6.7, we compare stacked rest-frame UV spectra of candidates for LyC leakers and non-leakers selected based on their Ly$α$ profiles. We find that the stacks of potential LyC leakers, i.e. galaxies with narrow, symmetric Ly$α$ profiles with small peak separation, generally show (i) strong nebular OIII]1666, [SiIII]1883, and [CIII]1907+CIII]1909 emission, indicating a high-ionization state of the interstellar medium (ISM); (ii) high equivalent widths of HeII1640 (~1-3 A), suggesting the presence of hard ionizing radiation fields; (iii) SiII*1533 emission, revealing substantial amounts of neutral hydrogen off the line of sight; (iv) high CIV1548,1550 to [CIII]1907+CIII]1909 ratios (CIV/CIII] > 0.75), signalling the presence of low column density channels in the ISM. In contrast, the stacks with broad, asymmetric Ly$α$ profiles with large peak separation show weak nebular emission lines, low HeII1640 equivalent widths (<1 A), and low CIV/CIII] (<0.25), implying low-ionization states and high-neutral hydrogen column densities. Our results suggest that CIV/CIII] might be sensitive to the physical conditions that govern LyC photon escape, providing a promising tool for identification of ionizing sources among star-forming galaxies in the epoch of reionization.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, published in MNRAS
High-fidelity Prediction of Megapixel Longitudinal Phase-space Images of Electron Beams using Encoder-Decoder Neural Networks
Creators: name: Zhu, Jun
name: Chen, Ye
name: Brinker, Frank
name: Decking, Winfried
name: Tomin, Sergey
name: Schlarb, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modeling of large-scale research facilities is extremely challenging due to complex physical processes and engineering problems. Here, we adopt a data-driven approach to model the longitudinal phase-space diagnostic beamline at the photoinector of the European XFEL with an encoder-decoder neural network model. A deep convolutional neural network (decoder) is used to build images measured on the screen from a small feature map generated by another neural network (encoder). We demonstrate that the model trained only with experimental data can make high-fidelity predictions of megapixel images for the longitudinal phase-space measurement without any prior knowledge of photoinjectors and electron beams. The prediction significantly outperforms existing methods. We also show the scalability and interpretability of the model by sharing the same decoder with more than one encoder used for different setups of the photoinjector, and propose a pragmatic way to model a facility with various diagnostics and working points. This opens the door to a new way of accurately modeling a photoinjector using neural networks and experimental data. The approach can possibly be extended to the whole accelerator and even other types of scientific facilities.
A Quantitative Analysis of the Personal Characteristics and Workplace Experiences of Women and Men as Professional and Community Leaders
Creators: name: Zanville, Rose Lyn
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2017

description: In the past, the subject of leadership in women has been confined to anecdotal figures who are remarkable for their small numbers. Women leaders have emerged as a more common phenomenon in American society in the last three decades, reflecting the transition in the status of women in society. According to Dye and Strickland (1982), between 1970 and 1980, the total number of women managers and administrators in the U.S. workforce increased over 100%. However, this change has not extended through all levels of leadership. Hymowitz & Schellhardt found that by 1985 only 2.7% of the top executives and directors of AT&T were women and 8.3% and 15% of division and district managers were women. In contrast, 22% of second-level supervisors and 38.7% of first -level supervisors were women. The slow progress of women on this front has two possible explanations. One is "the glass ceiling," a term that was coined in 1986 by Hymowitz and Schellhardt, two Wall Street Journal reporters. This is an invisible barrier that blocks women from advancing to senior leadership positions in organizations. An alternative explanation to "the glass ceiling" might be a delay in the pipeline with appreciable numbers of women only now reaching the point in their careers where senior positions are available. With increasing competition for leadership positions, women will likely encounter a growing number of obstacles to promotion (Pipelines of Progress, An Update on the Glass Ceiling Initiative, 1992). In a survey of female senior executives, one-third believed that the number of female executives in their companies would remain static or decrease (Business Week, June 8, 1992). In 1991, the author was a participant in a yearlong program run by a private, nonprofit organization for women professional and community leaders. Beginning that year, the author initiated a study of these women. The goal of this study was to discern how factors of personal background and workplace experience compare in successful women and men leaders. It was then extrapolated that these factors might influence the course of advancement for women leaders vis a vis men leaders.
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 9 (2001)
Bloch theory of entangled photon generation in non-linear photonic crystals
Creators: name: Irvine, William T. M.
name: de Dood, Michiel J. A.
name: Bouwmeester, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a quantum mechanical description of parametric down-conversion and phase-matching of Bloch-waves in non-linear photonic crystals. We discuss the theory in one-dimensional Bragg structures giving a recipe for calculating the down-converted emission strength and direction. We exemplify the discussion by making explicit analytical predictions for the emission amplitude and direction from a one-dimensional structure that consists of alternating layers of Al0.4Ga0.6As and Air. We show that the emission is suitable for the extraction of polarization-entangled photons.
description: 12 pages
A Cosmic Milestone: Constraints from Metal-Poor Halo Stars on the Cosmological Reionization Epoch
Creators: name: Venkatesan, Aparna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical studies and current observations of the high-redshift intergalactic medium (IGM) indicate that at least two cosmic transitions occur by the time the universe reaches gas metallicities of about $10^{-3}$ of solar values. These are the cosmological reionization of the IGM, and the transition from a primordial to present-day mode of star formation. We quantify this relation through new calculations of the ionizing radiation produced in association with the elements carbon, oxygen and silicon observed in Galactic metal-poor halo stars, which are likely second-generation objects formed in the wake of primordial supernovae. We demonstrate that sufficient ionizing photons per baryon are created by enrichment levels of [Fe/H] of about -3 in the environment of metal-poor halo stars to provide the optical depth in the cosmic microwave background of about 0.1 detected by $WMAP$. We show, on a star by star basis, that a genuine cosmic milestone in IGM ionization and star formation mode occurred at metallicities of $10^{-4}$ to $10^{-3}$ solar in these halo stars. This provides an important link in the chain of evidence for metal-free first stars having dominated the process of reionization by redshift 6. We conclude that many of the Fe-poor halo stars formed close to the end of or soon after cosmological reionization, making them the ideal probe of the physical conditions under which the transition from first- to second-generation star formation happened in primordial galaxies.
description: ApJ Letters, in press. Minor revisions to reflect new 3-year WMAP data, results unchanged
High Transverse Momentum Xi Baryon Correlations in p+p Collisions at s^(1/2)=200 GeV
Creators: name: Bezverkhny, Betty I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Angular correlations between produced high pT Xi baryons and unidentified charged and neutral particles are observed in high-tower-triggered (on a large electromagnetic energy deposit) s^(1/2)=200 GeV p+p collisions. This trigger favors events with higher average multiplicity than those in minimum bias. These events are likely to contain jets. The average multiplicity of a high-tower triggered event is similar to that of a minimum bias event containing a Xi, which implies that Xi baryons are likely to be produced in jets. Xi mean pT is higher in the triggered data then in the minimum bias sample.
Constrained Cosmological Simulations of Dark Matter Halos
Creators: name: Romano-Diaz, Emilio
name: Faltenbacher, Andreas
name: Jones, Daniel
name: Heller, Clayton
name: Hoffman, Yehuda
name: Shlosman, Isaac
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation and structure of dark matter (DM) halos is studied by means of constrained realizations of Gaussian fields using N-body simulations. A series of experiments of the formation of a 10^{12} Msun halo is designed to study the dependence of the density profile on its merging history. We confirm that the halo growth consists of violent and quiescent phases, with the density well approximated by the Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) profile during the latter phases. We find that (1) the NFW scale radius R_s stays constant during the quiescent phase and grows abruptly during the violent one. In contrast, the virial radius grows linearly during the quiescent and abruptly during the violent phases. (2) The central density stays unchanged during the quiescent phase while dropping abruptly during the violent phase. (3) The value of \rs reflects the violent merging history of the halo, and depends on the number of violent events and their fractional magnitudes, independent of the time and order of these events. It does not reflect the formation time of the halo. (4) The fractional change in R_s is a nonlinear function of the fractional absorbed kinetic energy within R_s in a violent event.
description: 5 pages, 2 postscript figures, ApJ emulator, submitted to ApJ Letters
Государственный контроль в Российской федерации
Creators: name: Бойко Семен Витальевич
name: Коннов Роман Андреевич
Publisher: name: Colloquium-journal
Year: 2019
Subjects: контроль
государственный контроль
понятие
содержание.
control
state control
concept
content.

description: В настоящей научной статье рассматривается вопрос о государственном контроле в Российской Федерации. Также дается определение государственного контроля, исходя из различных подходов. Поднимается актуальная проблема содержания государственного контроля, рассматриваются пробелы, которое имеет специфические свойства. Рассматривается проект Федерального закона, который призван устранить существующие проблемы.
description: This scientific article addresses the issue of state control in the Russian Federation. The definition of state control is also given on the basis of various approaches. The actual problem of the content of state control is raised, gaps that have specific properties are considered. A draft federal law is being considered, which is intended to eliminate existing problems.
Plasmonic photoconductive terahertz focal-plane array with pixel super-resolution
Creators: name: Li, Xurong
name: Mengu, Deniz
name: Ozcan, Aydogan
name: Jarrahi, Mona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Imaging systems operating in the terahertz part of the electromagnetic spectrum are in great demand because of the distinct characteristics of terahertz waves in penetrating many optically-opaque materials and providing unique spectral signatures of various chemicals. However, the use of terahertz imagers in real-world applications has been limited by the slow speed, large size, high cost, and complexity of the existing imaging systems. These limitations are mainly imposed due to the lack of terahertz focal-plane arrays (THz-FPAs) that can directly provide the frequency-resolved and/or time-resolved spatial information of the imaged objects. Here, we report the first THz-FPA that can directly provide the spatial amplitude and phase distributions, along with the ultrafast temporal and spectral information of an imaged object. It consists of a two-dimensional array of ~0.3 million plasmonic photoconductive nanoantennas optimized to rapidly detect broadband terahertz radiation with a high signal-to-noise ratio. As the first proof-of-concept, we utilized the multispectral nature of the amplitude and phase data captured by these plasmonic nanoantennas to realize pixel super-resolution imaging of objects. We successfully imaged and super-resolved etched patterns in a silicon substrate and reconstructed both the shape and depth of these structures with an effective number of pixels that exceeds 1-kilo pixels. By eliminating the need for raster scanning and spatial terahertz modulation, our THz-FPA offers more than a 1000-fold increase in the imaging speed compared to the state-of-the-art. Beyond this proof-of-concept super-resolution demonstration, the unique capabilities enabled by our plasmonic photoconductive THz-FPA offer transformative advances in a broad range of applications that use hyperspectral and three-dimensional terahertz images of objects for a wide range of applications.
description: 62 pages
The Institutionalization of a Gender Biased Sport Value System
Creators: name: Everhart, Robert B.
name: Pemberton, Cynthia Lee A.
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2017

description: To develop tougher males while controlling wild ones, some school administrators experimented with an innovative plan. They co-opted the rough-and-tumble games boys played during recess and in their free time, and made these part of the official curriculum. (Sadker & Sadker, 1994, pp. 214-215) Sport has been a part of the "...official school program..." since the mid-1800s, and was originally incorporated into the curriculum to serve as "...an important line of defense..." against the potential feminization of American males by a growing female teaching profession (Sadker & Sadker, 1994, p. 213). As a part of the curriculum, sport provided opportunities for physical fitness and competition, as well as a medium through which valued socio-cultural life skills could be learned and practiced. Grounded in ideals of masculinity, sport, more than any other part of the educational curriculum has been, and continues to be, a gender issue. This paper will explore how school sport has served to institutionalize a gender specific and gender biased sport value system. First the socio-cultural context in which school sport emerged, and its history and evolution will be reviewed. Next the differential impact which school sport has on females and males will be examined. The paper concludes that the development of school sport has, over time, marginalized and devalued women's sport, and the women who participate. It is suggested that because of this, sport participation by women and girls has actually been suppressed.
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 9 (2001)
Influence of slab thickness on the Casimir force
Creators: name: Pirozhenko, I. G.
name: Lambrecht, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the Casimir force between slabs of finite thickness made of intrinsic and doped silicon with different concentration of carriers and compare the results to those obtained for gold slabs. We use the Drude and the plasma models to describe the dielectric function for the carriers in doped Si. We discuss the possibility of experimentally testing the appropriateness of these models. We also investigate the influence of finite thickness on $VO_2$, which has recently been proposed for Casimir effect measurements testing the metal-insulator transition.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, v2, typos corrected
On Suslin Matrices and their connection to Spin groups
Creators: name: Chintala, Vineeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13C10, 15A63, 15A66, 17C50

description: A concrete representation of the Clifford algebra (for any hyperbolic quadratic space) is given using what are called Suslin matrices. This explicit construction is used to analyze the corresponding Spin groups and the involution and might be of interest in low dimensional computations. Conversely, this connection to Clifford algebras gives a conceptual foundation to some (seemingly accidental) properties of Suslin matrices.
description: 2015 paper, improved presentation, 20 pages
Status of the superconducting magnets for FAIR
Creators: name: Fischer, E.
name: Bezkorovaynyy, V.
name: Bleile, A.
name: Ceballos, J.
name: Cho, E. J.
name: Freisleben, W.
name: Joshi, N.
name: Körber, B.
name: Maroussov, V.
name: Marzouki, F.
name: Meier, J. P.
name: Meyer, S.
name: Mierau, Anna
name: Müller, H.
name: Raach, H.
name: Roux, C.
name: Schnizer, P.
name: Seifert, F.
name: Stafiniak, A.
name: Sugita, K.
name: Szwangruber, P.
name: Weiss, Harald
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Primordial Magnetic Fields from Out of Equilibrium Cosmological Phase Transitions
Creators: name: Boyanovsky, D.
name: de Vega, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The universe cools down monotonically following its expansion.This generates a sequence of phase transitions. If a second order phase transition happens during the radiation dominated era with a charged order parameter, spinodal unstabilities generate large numbers of charged particles. These particles hence produce magnetic fields.We use out of equilibrium field theory methods to study the dynamics in a mean field or large N setup.The dynamics after the transition features two distinct stages: a spinodal regime dominated by linear long wave length instabilities, and a scaling stage in which the non-linearities and backreaction of the scalar fields are dominant. This second stage describes the growth of horizon sized domains. We implement a formulation based on the non equilibrium Schwinger-Dyson equations to obtain the spectrum of magnetic fields that includes the dissipative effects of the plasma. We find that large scale magnetogenesis is efficient during the scaling regime. Charged scalar field fluctuations with wavelengths of the order of the Hubble radius induce large scale magnetogenesis via loop effects.The leading processes are:pair production, pair annihilation and low energy bremsstrahlung, these processes while forbidden in equilibrium are allowed strongly out of equilibrium. The ratio between the energy density on scales larger than L and that in the background radiation r(L,T)= rho_B(L,T)/rho_{cmb}(T) is r(L,T) ~ 10^{-34} at the Electroweak scale and r(L,T) ~ 10^{-14} at the QCD scale for L sim 1 Mpc. The resulting spectrum is insensitive to the magnetic diffusion length and equipartition between electric and magnetic fields does not hold. We conjecture that a similar mechanism could be operative after the QCD chiral phase transition.
description: 11 pages, no figures. Lecture given at the International Conference Magnetic Fields in the Universe, Angra dos Reis, Brazil, November, 2004
A Career Advising Analysis of the Motivations and Personalities of Highly Successful Women Business Owners
Creators: name: Davis, Jack
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2017

description: There has been a sizable movement of American women into business ownership in recent years. One researcher stated in 1993 women were initiating businesses at twice the rate of men (Buttner, 1993). According to the U. S. Labor Department October 1999 website, women were starting businesses in the US at a rate of 350,000 to 400,000 a year between 1987 and 1996. With such growth through the year 2010, there will be approximately four to five million female owned businesses added to the American economy. Combined with the estimated 1999 total of eight and one-half million, there could be between 12 to 13 million women entrepreneurs in the US by the end of this decade. This statistical possibility speaks well for women achieving more financial independence. However, broad issues arise as a result of this extraordinary social and economic trend. One of these is what will be the long-term impact, if any, on American family life. Another is how many of these new entrepreneurs will not succeed in their bid for business success, and what will be the economic and psychological costs to them and their families. There are more specific and near term issues. One of these has to do with the kind and amount of education and training this massive group of women will receive. A second near term issue involves the quality and quantity of the counseling and advising made available in the coming decade to insure these millions of women will make the best decision to undertake or not undertake the risky step of starting their own businesses. A recent study of the motivations and personalities of highly successful women business owners by the author deals directly with this last issue. The principal objective of this paper is to report the findings of more than 50 highly successful women
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 9 (2001)