cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Influence of chiral asymmetry on phase structure of the two-color quark matter
Creators: name: Khunjua, T. G.
name: Klimenko, K. G.
name: Zhokhov, R. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper the influence of chiral chemical potential $μ_5$ on the phenomenon of diquark condensation and phase structure of dense quark matter altogether is contemplated in the framework of effective two-color and two-flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. We show that the duality relations, found $μ_5=0$, are also valid for any value of $μ_5\neq0$. Hence the dualities seem to be a real fundamental feature of the phase diagram of two color quark matter, and besides they are a very powerful tool of studying the phase structure. In terms of dualities and the influence on the phase diagram chiral imbalance $μ_5$ stands alone from other chemical potentials. Two regimes in the phase diagram could be discerned, the first one, rather small or moderate values of chemical potentials $μ_B$, $μ_I$ and $μ_{I5}$, where the picture is rather concise and elegant: each of the above phenomena is in one-to-one correspondence with some chemical potential ($μ_{I5}$ induces chiral symmetry breaking, $μ_I$ propels charged pion condensation and $μ_B$ leads to diquark condensation). In this regime chiral chemical potential $μ_5$ does not break this correspondence, it has a property of being universal catalyzer, i.e. it {\it catalyzes/enhances} all the phenomena on equal footing. The feature of chiral imbalance $μ_5$ to catalyze chiral symmetry breaking phenomenon was known before but its catalytic properties appeared to be more universal and it can catalyze also diquark and charged pion condensation. These happen due to the dual properties. In the second regime, when several chemical potentials reach rather large values, one could observe a rather complicated and rich phase structure, and $μ_5$ can be a factor that not so much catalyzes as {\it triggers} rather peculiar phases. For example, it can lead to the formation of diquark condensation at zero baryon chemical potential.
description: typos corrected
If You Like It, GAN It. Probabilistic Multivariate Times Series Forecast With GAN
Creators: name: Koochali, Alireza
name: Dengel, Andreas
name: Ahmed, Sheraz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, we present ProbCast - a novel probabilistic model for multivariate time-series forecasting. We employ a conditional GAN framework to train our model with adversarial training. Second, we propose a framework that lets us transform a deterministic model into a probabilistic one with improved performance. The motivation of the framework is to either transform existing highly accurate point forecast models to their probabilistic counterparts or to train GANs stably by selecting the architecture of GAN's component carefully and efficiently. We conduct experiments over two publicly available datasets namely electricity consumption dataset and exchange-rate dataset. The results of the experiments demonstrate the remarkable performance of our model as well as the successful application of our proposed framework.
Hierarchical causal variance decomposition for institution and provider comparisons in healthcare
Creators: name: Chen, Bo
name: Saarela, Olli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Disease-specific quality indicators (QIs) are used to compare institutions and health care providers in terms processes or outcomes relevant to treatment of a particular condition. In the context of surgical cancer treatments, the performance variations can be due to hospital and/or surgeon level differences, creating a hierarchical clustering. We consider how the observed variation in care received at patient level can be decomposed into that causally explained by the hospital performance, surgeon performance within hospital, patient case-mix, and unexplained (residual) variation. For this purpose, we derive a four-way variance decomposition, with particular attention to the causal interpretation of the components. For estimation, we use inputs from a mixed-effect model with nested random hospital/surgeon-specific effects, and a multinomial logistic model for the hospital/surgeon-specific patient populations. We investigate the performance of our methods in a simulation study.
Amygdala-prefrontal cortical functional connectivity during implicit emotion processing differentiates youth with bipolar spectrum from youth with externalizing disorders
Creators: name: Chase, Henry W.
name: Bertocci, Michele A.
name: Birmaher, Boris
name: Travis, Michael
name: Perlman, Susan B.
name: Kowatch, Robert A.
name: Hafeman, Danella
name: Axelson, David
name: Diwadkar, Vaibhav A.
name: Youngstrom, Eric A.
name: Bonar, Lisa
name: Gill, Mary Kay
name: Sunshine, Jeffrey L.
name: Fristad, Mary A.
name: Findling, Robert L.
name: Arnold, L. Eugene
name: Fournier, Jay C.
name: Bebko, Genna
name: Holland, Scott K.
name: Frazier, Thomas W.
name: Phillips, Mary L.
name: Horwitz, Sarah M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Both bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present with emotion-regulation deficits, but require different clinical management. We examined how the neurobiological underpinnings of emotion regulation might differentiate youth with BPSD versus ADHD (and healthy controls, HCs), specifically assessing functional connectivity (FxC) of amygdala-prefrontal circuitry during an implicit emotion processing task.
An optical investigation of the heavy fermion normal state in superconducting UTe$_2$
Creators: name: Mekonen, Sirak M.
name: Kang, Chang-Jong
name: Chaudhuri, Dipanjan
name: Barbalas, David
name: Ran, Sheng
name: Kotliar, Gabriel
name: Butch, Nicholas P.
name: Armitage, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently discovered superconductor, UTe$_2$, has attracted immense scientific interest due to the experimental observations that suggest odd-parity superconductivity. It is believed that the material becomes a heavy-fermion metal at low temperatures although details of the normal state are unclear. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the normal state electronic structure of UTe$_2$ was investigated at zero applied magnetic field. Combining the measured reflectivity with the dc resistivity, the complex optical conductivity was obtained over a large frequency range. The frequency dependence of the real part of the optical conductivity exhibits a MIR peak around 4000 cm$^{-1}$ and a narrow Drude peak that develops below 40 K. A combination of density functional and dynamic mean field theory (DFT + DMFT) gives spectra in close correspondence to the experiment. Via this comparison we attribute the prominent MIR peak to inter-band transitions involving a narrow U 5$f$ feature that develops near the Fermi level. In this regard, our data gives spectroscopic evidence for the existence of a low energy Kondo resonance at temperatures just above the onset of superconductivity and implicates heavy electrons in the formation of the superconducting state. We find that the coherent Kondo resonance is primarily associated with a collapse of scattering and less with a transfer of spectral weight.
Categorification of VB-Lie algebroids and VB-Courant algebroids
Creators: name: Sheng, Yunhe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, first we introduce the notion of a $\VB$-Lie $2$-algebroid, which can be viewed as the categorification of a $\VB$-Lie algebroid. The tangent prolongation of a Lie $2$-algebroid is a $\VB$-Lie $2$-algebroid naturally. We show that after choosing a splitting, there is a one-to-one correspondence between $\VB$-Lie $2$-algebroids and flat superconnections of a Lie 2-algebroid on a 3-term complex of vector bundles. Then we introduce the notion of a $\VB$-$\LWX$ 2-algebroid, which can be viewed as the categorification of a $\VB$-Courant algebroid. We show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between split Lie 3-algebroids and split $\VB$-$\LWX$ 2-algebroids. The notion of a $\VB$-Lie $2$-bialgebroid is introduced and the double of a $\VB$-Lie $2$-bialgebroid is a $\VB$-$\LWX$ 2-algebroid. Finally, we introduce the notion of an $E$-$\LWX$ 2-algebroid and show that associated to a $\VB$-$\LWX$ 2-algebroid, there is an $E$-$\LWX$ 2-algebroid structure on the graded fat bundle naturally. By this result, we give a construction of a Lie 3-algebra from a given Lie 3-algebra, which provides interesting examples of Lie 3-algebras including the higher analogue of the string Lie 2-algebra.
Melvin Magnetic Fluxtube/Cosmology Correspondence
Creators: name: Kastor, David
name: Traschen, Jennie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore a correspondence between Melvin magnetic fluxtubes and anisotropic cosmological solutions, which we call `Melvin cosmologies'. The correspondence via analytic continuation provides useful information in both directions. Solution generating techniques known on the fluxtube side can also be used for generating cosmological backgrounds. Melvin cosmologies interpolate between different limiting Kasner behaviors at early and late times. This has an analogue on the fluxtube side between limiting Levi-Civita behavior at small and large radii. We construct generalized Melvin fluxtubes and cosmologies in both Einstein-Maxwell theory and dilaton gravity and show that similar properties hold.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures; v2 - references added
Heat transfer in a one-dimensional harmonic crystal in a viscous environment subjected to an external heat supply
Creators: name: Gavrilov, Serge N.
name: Krivtsov, Anton M.
name: Tsvetkov, Denis V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider unsteady heat transfer in a one-dimensional harmonic crystal surrounded by a viscous environment and subjected to an external heat supply. The basic equations for the crystal particles are stated in the form of a system of stochastic differential equations. We perform a continualization procedure and derive an infinite set of linear partial differential equations for covariance variables. An exact analytic solution describing unsteady ballistic heat transfer in the crystal is obtained. It is shown that the stationary spatial profile of the kinetic temperature caused by a point source of heat supply of constant intensity is described by the Macdonald function of zero order. A comparison with the results obtained in the framework of the classical heat equation is presented. We expect that the results obtained in the paper can be verified by experiments with laser excitation of low-dimensional nanostructures.
description: Published manuscript with some small misprints corrected
Deformed Integrable Models from Holomorphic Chern-Simons Theory
Creators: name: Chen, Bin
name: He, Yi-Jun
name: Tian, Jia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the approaches to two-dimensional integrable field theories via a six-dimensional(6D) holomorphic Chern-Simons theory defined on twistor space. Under symmetry reduction, it reduces to a four-dimensional Chern-Simons theory, while under solving along fibres it leads to four-dimensional(4D) integrable theory, the anti-self-dual Yang-Mills or its generalizations. From both four-dimensional theories, various two-dimensional integrable field theories can be obtained. In this work, we try to investigate several two-dimensional integrable deformations in this framework. We find that the $λ$-deformation, the rational $η$-deformation and the generalized $λ$-deformation can not be realized from 4D integrable model approach, even though they could be obtained from 4D Chern-Simons theory. The obstacle stems from the incompatibility between the symmetry reduction and the boundary conditions. Nevertheless, we show that a coupled theory of $λ$-deformation and the $η$-deformation in the trigonometric description could be obtained from the 6D theory in both ways, by considering the case that $(3,0)$-form in the 6D theory is allowed to have zeros.
Callianthemum coriandrifolium Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs.
Creators: name: Peruzzi, Lorenzo
name: Galasso, Gabriele
name: Domina, Gianniantonio
name: Bartolucci, Fabrizio
name: Santangelo, Annalisa
name: Alessandrini, Alessandro
name: Astuti, Giovanni
name: D'Antraccoli, Marco
name: Roma-Marzio, Francesco
name: Ardenghi, Nicola M. G.
name: Barberis, Giuseppina
name: Conti, Fabio
name: Bernardo, Liliana
name: Peccenini, Simonetta
name: Stinca, Adriano
name: Wagensommer, Robert P.
name: Bonari, Gianmaria
name: Iamonico, Duilio
name: Iberite, Mauro
name: Viciani, Daniele
name: Guacchio, Emanuele Del
name: Galdo, Gianpietro Giusso Del
name: Lastrucci, Lorenzo
name: Villani, Mariacristina
name: Brunu, Antonello
name: Magrini, Sara
name: Pistarino, Annalaura
name: Brullo, Salvatore
name: Salmeri, Cristina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Ranunculales
Ranunculaceae
Callianthemum
Callianthemum coriandrifolium

description: Callianthemum coriandrifolium Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2(2): 727. 1832.
 Ind. Loc.:—“Am Rande der Gletscher auf Urgebirgsalpen, in Unterkärnthen auf der Pasterze: Hpp. Hornsch. in Tyrol auf dem Schleeren: Elsm. Scanuccia, Bondon, Spinale, Brixen; Schweiz im Wallis und in Graubünden, auf dem M. Septimo, Oberstafel und M. Moro n. Hall. am Schwarzsee und auf dem M. Räfel über Zermatten: v. Charp. M. Triftier: Schleich. M. Gries mach Sauss. M. Gallen am Fusse des Sylvio nach Gaud.; auf den Höhen des Baldo seit Pona, bes. in der Valle del bastion, Costa bella, Caval santo, la valle di Mon maor nach Pollini, Piemont, Novarese”. EST, PIE, TAA, VEN
 Type:—Not designated.
 Compiled by:— M. Iberite
description: Published as part of Peruzzi, Lorenzo, Galasso, Gabriele, Domina, Gianniantonio, Bartolucci, Fabrizio, Santangelo, Annalisa, Alessandrini, Alessandro, Astuti, Giovanni, D'Antraccoli, Marco, Roma-Marzio, Francesco, Ardenghi, Nicola M. G., Barberis, Giuseppina, Conti, Fabio, Bernardo, Liliana, Peccenini, Simonetta, Stinca, Adriano, Wagensommer, Robert P., Bonari, Gianmaria, Iamonico, Duilio, Iberite, Mauro, Viciani, Daniele, Guacchio, Emanuele Del, Galdo, Gianpietro Giusso Del, Lastrucci, Lorenzo, Villani, Mariacristina, Brunu, Antonello, Magrini, Sara, Pistarino, Annalaura, Brullo, Salvatore & Salmeri, Cristina, 2019, An inventory of the names of native, non-endemic vascular plants described from Italy, their loci classici and types, pp. 1-215 in Phytotaxa 410 (1) on page 33, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.410.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13716045
Comparative effectiveness of dual-action versus single-action antidepressants for the treatment of depression in people living with HIV/AIDS
Creators: name: Cook, Robert L.
name: Duncan, R. Paul
name: Bengtson, Angela M.
name: Harle, Christopher A.
name: Pence, Brian W.
name: Marlow, Nicole M.
name: Mills, Jon C.
name: Harman, Jeffrey S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: AbstractBackgroundDepression is the most common psychiatric comorbidity among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Little is known about the comparative effectiveness between different types of antidepressants used to treat depression in this population. We compared the effectiveness of dual-action and single-action antidepressants in PLWHA for achieving remission from depression.MethodsWe used data from the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinic Systems to identify 1175 new user dual-action or single-action antidepressant treatment episodes occurring from 2005 to 2014 for PLWHA diagnosed with depression. The primary outcome was remission from depression defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score ResultsIn ITT analysis, 32% of the episodes ended in remission for both dual-action and single-action antidepressants. The odds ratio (OR) of remission was 1.02 (95%CI=0.63,1.67). In PP analysis, 40% of dual-action episodes ended in remission compared to 32% in single-action episodes. Dual-action episodes had 1.33 times the odds of remission (95%CI=0.55,3.21), however the result was not statistically significant. Non-significant differences were also observed for depressive symptom severity.LimitationsMissing data was common but was addressed with inverse probability weights.ConclusionsResults suggest that single-action and dual-action antidepressants are equally effective in PLWHA. Remission was uncommon highlighting the need to identify health service delivery strategies that aid HIV providers in achieving full remission of their patients' depression.
Remarks on multivariate Gaussian Process
Creators: name: Chen, Zexun
name: Fan, Jun
name: Wang, Kuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Gaussian processes occupy one of the leading places in modern statistics and probability theory due to their importance and a wealth of strong results. The common use of Gaussian processes is in connection with problems related to estimation, detection, and many statistical or machine learning models. With the fast development of Gaussian process applications, it is necessary to consolidate the fundamentals of vector-valued stochastic processes, in particular multivariate Gaussian processes, which is the essential theory for many applied problems with multiple correlated responses. In this paper, we propose a precise definition of multivariate Gaussian processes based on Gaussian measures on vector-valued function spaces, and provide an existence proof. In addition, several fundamental properties of multivariate Gaussian processes, such as strict stationarity and independence, are introduced. We further derive multivariate Brownian motion including Itô lemma as a special case of a multivariate Gaussian process, and present a brief introduction to multivariate Gaussian process regression as a useful statistical learning method for multi-output prediction problems.
description: METRON (2023)
Cost-effectiveness of In-Home Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for low-income depressed mothers participating in early childhood prevention programs
Creators: name: Mallow, Peter J.
name: Ammerman, Robert T.
name: Putnam, Frank W.
name: Rizzo, John A.
name: Van Ginkel, Judith B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: To determine the cost-effectiveness of In-Home Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (IH-CBT) for low-income mothers enrolled in a home visiting program.
Toric principal bundles, piecewise linear maps and Tits buildings
Creators: name: Kaveh, Kiumars
name: Manon, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M25, 55R91, 20E42

description: We define the notion of a piecewise linear map from a fan $Σ$ to $\tilde{\mathfrak{B}}(G)$, the cone over the Tits building of a linear algebraic group $G$. Let $X_Σ$ be a toric variety with fan $Σ$. We show that when $G$ is reductive the set of integral piecewise linear maps from $Σ$ to $\tilde{\mathfrak{B}}(G)$ classifies the isomorphism classes of (framed) toric principal $G$-bundles on $X_Σ$. This in particular recovers Klyachko's classification of toric vector bundles, and gives new classification results for the orthogonal and symplectic toric principal bundles.
description: Final version. 26 pages
Observation Space Matters: Benchmark and Optimization Algorithm
Creators: name: Kim, Joanne Taery
name: Ha, Sehoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent advances in deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) enable researchers to solve challenging control problems, from simulated environments to real-world robotic tasks. However, deep RL algorithms are known to be sensitive to the problem formulation, including observation spaces, action spaces, and reward functions. There exist numerous choices for observation spaces but they are often designed solely based on prior knowledge due to the lack of established principles. In this work, we conduct benchmark experiments to verify common design choices for observation spaces, such as Cartesian transformation, binary contact flags, a short history, or global positions. Then we propose a search algorithm to find the optimal observation spaces, which examines various candidate observation spaces and removes unnecessary observation channels with a Dropout-Permutation test. We demonstrate that our algorithm significantly improves learning speed compared to manually designed observation spaces. We also analyze the proposed algorithm by evaluating different hyperparameters.
Campanula cochleariifolia Lam., Encycl.
Creators: name: Peruzzi, Lorenzo
name: Galasso, Gabriele
name: Domina, Gianniantonio
name: Bartolucci, Fabrizio
name: Santangelo, Annalisa
name: Alessandrini, Alessandro
name: Astuti, Giovanni
name: D'Antraccoli, Marco
name: Roma-Marzio, Francesco
name: Ardenghi, Nicola M. G.
name: Barberis, Giuseppina
name: Conti, Fabio
name: Bernardo, Liliana
name: Peccenini, Simonetta
name: Stinca, Adriano
name: Wagensommer, Robert P.
name: Bonari, Gianmaria
name: Iamonico, Duilio
name: Iberite, Mauro
name: Viciani, Daniele
name: Guacchio, Emanuele Del
name: Galdo, Gianpietro Giusso Del
name: Lastrucci, Lorenzo
name: Villani, Mariacristina
name: Brunu, Antonello
name: Magrini, Sara
name: Pistarino, Annalaura
name: Brullo, Salvatore
name: Salmeri, Cristina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asterales
Campanulaceae
Campanula
Campanula cochleariifolia

description: Campanula cochleariifolia Lam., Encycl. 1(2): 578. 1785. [1 August 1785]
 Ind. Loc.:—“des Alpes & de l’Italie”. EST, ITA
 Type:—Not designated.
 Note:—According to Art. 60.10 of the ICN, the spelling of the specific epithet originally published as “ Cochlearifolia ” is to be corrected in “ cochleariifolia ”.
 Compiled by:— R. Di Pietro
description: Published as part of Peruzzi, Lorenzo, Galasso, Gabriele, Domina, Gianniantonio, Bartolucci, Fabrizio, Santangelo, Annalisa, Alessandrini, Alessandro, Astuti, Giovanni, D'Antraccoli, Marco, Roma-Marzio, Francesco, Ardenghi, Nicola M. G., Barberis, Giuseppina, Conti, Fabio, Bernardo, Liliana, Peccenini, Simonetta, Stinca, Adriano, Wagensommer, Robert P., Bonari, Gianmaria, Iamonico, Duilio, Iberite, Mauro, Viciani, Daniele, Guacchio, Emanuele Del, Galdo, Gianpietro Giusso Del, Lastrucci, Lorenzo, Villani, Mariacristina, Brunu, Antonello, Magrini, Sara, Pistarino, Annalaura, Brullo, Salvatore & Salmeri, Cristina, 2019, An inventory of the names of native, non-endemic vascular plants described from Italy, their loci classici and types, pp. 1-215 in Phytotaxa 410 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.410.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13716045
Time Discounting and Credit Market Access in a Large-Scale Cash Transfer Programme
Creators: name: Thirumurthy, Harsha
name: Martorano, Bruno
name: Handa, Sudhanshu
name: Halpern, Carolyn T.
name: Pettifor, Audrey
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Time discounting is thought to influence decision-making in almost every sphere of life, including personal finances, diet, exercise and sexual behavior. In this article we provide evidence on whether a national poverty alleviation program in Kenya can affect inter-temporal decisions. We administered a preferences module as part of a large-scale impact evaluation of the Kenyan Government’s Cash Transfer for Orphans and Vulnerable Children. Four years into the program we find that individuals in the treatment group are only marginally more likely to wait for future money, due in part to the erosion of the value of the transfer by inflation. However among the poorest households for whom the value of transfer is still relatively large we find significant program effects on the propensity to wait. We also find strong program effects among those who have access to credit markets though the program itself does not improve access to credit.
Clarifying causal mediation analysis for the applied researcher: Defining effects based on what we want to learn
Creators: name: Nguyen, Trang Quynh
name: Schmid, Ian
name: Stuart, Elizabeth A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The incorporation of causal inference in mediation analysis has led to theoretical and methodological advancements -- effect definitions with causal interpretation, clarification of assumptions required for effect identification, and an expanding array of options for effect estimation. However, the literature on these results is fast-growing and complex, which may be confusing to researchers unfamiliar with causal inference or unfamiliar with mediation. The goal of this paper is to help ease the understanding and adoption of causal mediation analysis. It starts by highlighting a key difference between the causal inference and traditional approaches to mediation analysis and making a case for the need for explicit causal thinking and the causal inference approach in mediation analysis. It then explains in as-plain-as-possible language existing effect types, paying special attention to motivating these effects with different types of research questions, and using concrete examples for illustration. This presentation differentiates two perspectives (or purposes of analysis): the explanatory perspective (aiming to explain the total effect) and the interventional perspective (asking questions about hypothetical interventions on the exposure and mediator, or hypothetically modified exposures). For the latter perspective, the paper proposes tapping into a general class of interventional effects that contains as special cases most of the usual effect types -- interventional direct and indirect effects, controlled direct effects and also a generalized interventional direct effect type, as well as the total effect and overall effect. This general class allows flexible effect definitions which better match many research questions than the standard interventional direct and indirect effects.
A remark on Gersten complex for Milnor $K$-theory
Creators: name: Pawar, Rakesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 19D45 (Primary), 14F20, 14F42 (Secondary)

description: In this note, we consider the Gersten complex for Milnor $K$-theory over a regular local Henselian domain $S$ and prove that in degrees $\geq \dim S\geq 1$, the Gersten complex of an essentially smooth Henselian local $S$-scheme is exact.
description: 9 pages, version after final referee report, accepted for publication in the Pacific Journal of Mathematics
Alignment dependence of photoelectron momentum distributions for diatomic molecules N$_2$ in strong elliptical laser fields
Creators: name: Ren, Dianxiang
name: Wang, Shang
name: Chen, Chao
name: Li, Xiaokai
name: Yu, Xitao
name: Zhao, Xinning
name: Ma, Pan
name: Wang, Chuncheng
name: Luo, Sizuo
name: Chen, Yanjun
name: Ding, Dajun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study ionization dynamics of aligned diatomic molecules N$_2$ in strong elliptical laser fields experimentally and theoretically. The alignment dependence of photoelectron momentum distributions (PMDs) of N$_2$ measured in experiments is highlighted with comparing to Ar measured synchronously. Our results show that the PMDs of N$_2$ depend strongly on the alignment of the molecule, relative to the main axis of the laser ellipse. In particular, the most-probable electron-emission angle which is often used in attosecond measurement, differs remarkably when changing the molecular alignment. We show that the interplay of two-center interference and tunneling when the electron goes through the laser-Coulomb-formed barrier, plays an important role in these phenomena. Our work gives suggestions on studying ultrafast electron motion inside aligned molecules.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Familial Influences on Dating Violence Victimization Among Latino Youth
Creators: name: Chen, May S.
name: Tharp, Andra Teten
name: Ennett, Susan T.
name: McNaughton Reyes, H. Luz
name: Klevens, Joanne
name: Chapman, Mimi V.
name: Foshee, Vangie A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Despite theoretical and empirical evidence suggesting that the family environment plays a central role in Latino youth development, relatively little is known about how family processes influence dating violence victimization among Latino adolescents. To address this gap in the literature, we used data from 210 Latino parents and their 13- to 15-year-old adolescents to examine associations between several different family processes, including both parenting practices (parent monitoring, parent–adolescent communication) and aspects of the family relational climate (family cohesion, family conflict, acculturation conflict) and psychological, physical, and sexual dating violence victimization. Consistent with expectations, lower levels of family cohesion and higher levels of family and acculturation conflict were associated with risk for dating violence victimization, although associations varied depending on victimization type. In contrast, neither parental monitoring nor parent–adolescent communication was significantly associated with any type of dating violence victimization. In addition, we found that parent, but not teen, Anglo-American acculturation was associated with higher dating violence victimization risk. Findings suggest that family-based dating abuse prevention programs for Latino youth should seek to increase family cohesion and decrease family conflict, including acculturation-based conflict.
Covariance-Free Sparse Bayesian Learning
Creators: name: Lin, Alexander
name: Song, Andrew H.
name: Bilgic, Berkin
name: Ba, Demba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) is a powerful framework for tackling the sparse coding problem while also providing uncertainty quantification. The most popular inference algorithms for SBL exhibit prohibitively large computational costs for high-dimensional problems due to the need to maintain a large covariance matrix. To resolve this issue, we introduce a new method for accelerating SBL inference -- named covariance-free expectation maximization (CoFEM) -- that avoids explicit computation of the covariance matrix. CoFEM solves multiple linear systems to obtain unbiased estimates of the posterior statistics needed by SBL. This is accomplished by exploiting innovations from numerical linear algebra such as preconditioned conjugate gradient and a little-known diagonal estimation rule. For a large class of compressed sensing matrices, we provide theoretical justifications for why our method scales well in high-dimensional settings. Through simulations, we show that CoFEM can be up to thousands of times faster than existing baselines without sacrificing coding accuracy. Through applications to calcium imaging deconvolution and multi-contrast MRI reconstruction, we show that CoFEM enables SBL to tractably tackle high-dimensional sparse coding problems of practical interest.
description: 13 pages
Drone-assisted deliveries: new formulations for the Flying Sidekick Traveling Salesman Problem
Creators: name: Dell'Amico, Mauro
name: Montemanni, Roberto
name: Novellani, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we consider a problem related to deliveries assisted by an unmanned aerial vehicle, so-called drone. In particular we consider the Flying Sidekick Traveling Salesman Problem, where a truck and a drone cooperate to delivery parcels to customers minimizing the completion time. In the following we improve the formulation found in the related literature. We propose three-indexed and two-indexed formulations and a set of inequalities that can be implemented in a branch-and-cut fashion. We could find the optimal solutions for most of the literature instances. Moreover, we consider two versions of the problem: one in which the drone is allowed to wait at the customers, as in the literature, and one where waiting is allowed only in flying mode. The solving methodologies are adapted to both versions. A comparison between the two versions is provided.
Avacincaptad Pegol: First Approval
Creators: name: Kang, Connie
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine

description: Declarations Funding The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding. Authorship and Conflict of interest During the peer review process the manufacturer of the agent under review was offered an opportunity to comment on the article. Changes resulting from any comments received were made by the authors on the basis of scientific completeness and accuracy. Connie Kang is a salaried employee of Adis International Ltd/Springer Nature, and declares no relevant conflicts of interest. All authors contributed to this article and are responsible for its content. Ethics approval, Consent to participate, Consent to publish, Availability of data and material, Code availability Not applicable.
 Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here.
 Abstract Avacincaptad pegol (IZERVAY™; formerly Zimura®) is a complement C5 inhibitor that is being developed by IVERIC Bio, an Astellas company, for the treatment of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Avacincaptad pegol recently received approval for the treatment of adults with geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of avacincaptad pegol leading to this first approval for geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration.
 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023
Relationship Characteristics Associated with Teen Dating Violence Perpetration
Creators: name: Foshee, Vangie
name: Massetti, Greta
name: Niolon, Phyllis
name: Vivolo-Kantor, Alana M.
name: McNaughton-Reyes, Luz
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Teen dating violence (TDV) is unstable across dating relationships, suggesting that characteristics of the relationship could be related to TDV. Few empirical studies have examined these links. This study examined associations between relationship characteristics and TDV perpetration among teens and sex differences in those associations. Relationship characteristics examined include tactics used to manipulate partners; ways of responding to relationship problems; relationship duration; exclusivity of the relationship; age difference between partners; and history of sexual intercourse with partner. Data were drawn from 667 teens in a current relationship (62.5% female and 81.4% white) enrolled in the 11th or 12th grade in 14 public schools in a rural US state. Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses examined proposed associations. 30.1% and 8.2% of teens reported controlling and physical TDV perpetration, respectively. In multivariable models, frequent use manipulation tactics increased risk for controlling or physical TDV perpetration. Teens dating a partner two or more years younger were at significantly increased risk for both controlling and physical perpetration. A significant interaction emerged between sex and exit/neglect accommodation for physical TDV. Characteristics of a current dating relationship play an important role in determining risk for controlling and physical TDV perpetration.
Matheuristic algorithms for the parallel drone scheduling traveling salesman problem
Creators: name: Dell'Amico, Mauro
name: Montemanni, Roberto
name: Novellani, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In a near future drones are likely to become a viable way of distributing parcels in a urban environment. In this paper we consider the parallel drone scheduling traveling salesman problem, where a set of customers requiring a delivery is split between a truck and a fleet of drones, with the aim of minimizing the total time required to service all the customers. We present a set of matheuristic methods for the problem. The new approaches are validated via an experimental campaign on two sets of benchmarks available in the literature. It is shown that the approaches we propose perform very well on small/medium size instances. Solving a mixed integer linear programming model to optimality leads to the first optimality proof for all the instances with 20 customers considered, while the heuristics are shown to be fast and effective on the same dataset. When considering larger instances with 48 to 229 customers, the results are competitive with state-of-the-art methods and lead to 28 new best known solutions out of the 90 instances considered.
Spectral Measures for Derivative Powers via Matrix-Valued Clark Theory
Creators: name: Bush, Michael
name: Liaw, Constanze
name: Martin, Robert T. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34L05, 46N20, 47B25, 46E22, 47B32

description: The theory of finite-rank perturbations allows for the determination of spectral information for broad classes of operators using the tools of analytic function theory. In this work, finite-rank perturbations are applied to powers of the derivative operator, providing a full account from self-adjoint boundary conditions to computing aspects of the operators' matrix-valued spectral measures. In particular, the support and weights of the Clark (spectral) measures are computed via the connection between matrix-valued contractive analytic functions and matrix-valued nonnegative measures through the Herglotz Representation Theorem. For operators associated with several powers of the derivative, explicit formulae for these measures are included. While eigenfunctions and eigenvalues for these operators with fixed boundary conditions can often be computed using direct methods from ordinary differential equations, this approach provides a more complete picture of the spectral information.
Normalized Weighting Schemes for Image Interpolation Algorithms
Creators: name: Rukundo, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Image interpolation algorithms pervade many modern image processing and analysis applications. However, when their weighting schemes inefficiently generate very unrealistic estimates, they may negatively affect the performance of the end user applications. Therefore, in this work, the author introduced four weighting schemes based on some geometric shapes for digital image interpolation operations. And, the quantity used to express the extent of each shape weight was the normalized area, especially when the sums of areas exceeded a unit square size. The introduced four weighting schemes are based on the minimum side based diameter (MD) of a regular tetragon, hypotenuse based radius (HR), the virtual pixel length based height for the area of the triangle (AT), and the virtual pixel length for hypotenuse based radius for the area of the circle (AC). At the smaller scaling ratio, the image interpolation algorithm based on the HR scheme scored the highest at 66.6 % among non traditional image interpolation algorithms presented. But, at the higher scaling ratio, the AC scheme based image interpolation algorithm scored the highest at 66.6 % among non traditional algorithms presented and, here, its image interpolation quality was generally superior or comparable to the quality of images interpolated by both non traditional and traditional algorithms.
description: 17 pages, 15 figures, 2 Tables
Heterogeneity induces emergent functional networks for synchronization
Creators: name: Scafuti, Francesco
name: Aoki, Takaaki
name: di Bernardo, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of heterogeneous networks of oscillators subject to a state-dependent interconnection rule. We find that heterogeneity in the node dynamics is key in organizing the architecture of the functional emerging networks. We demonstrate that increasing heterogeneity among the nodes in state-dependent networks of phase oscillators causes a differentiation in the activation probabilities of the links. This, in turn, yields the formation of hubs associated to nodes with larger distances from the average frequency of the ensemble. Our generic local evolutionary strategy can be used to solve a wide range of synchronization and control problems.
Adaptive Radar Detection of a Subspace Signal Embedded in Subspace Structured plus Gaussian Interference Via Invariance
Creators: name: De Maio, Antonio
name: Orlando, Danilo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper deals with adaptive radar detection of a subspace signal competing with two sources of interference. The former is Gaussian with unknown covariance matrix and accounts for the joint presence of clutter plus thermal noise. The latter is structured as a subspace signal and models coherent pulsed jammers impinging on the radar antenna. The problem is solved via the Principle of Invariance which is based on the identification of a suitable group of transformations leaving the considered hypothesis testing problem invariant. A maximal invariant statistic, which completely characterizes the class of invariant decision rules and significantly compresses the original data domain, as well as its statistical characterization are determined. Thus, the existence of the optimum invariant detector is addressed together with the design of practically implementable invariant decision rules. At the analysis stage, the performance of some receivers belonging to the new invariant class is established through the use of analytic expressions.
Pathwise large deviations for white noise chaos expansions
Creators: name: Pannier, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F10, 60G15, 60H05, 60H07

description: We consider a family of continuous processes $\{X^\varepsilon\}_{\varepsilon>0}$ which are measurable with respect to a white noise measure, take values in the space of continuous functions $C([0,1]^d:\mathbb{R})$, and have the Wiener chaos expansion \[ X^\varepsilon = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \varepsilon^n I_n \big(f_n^{\varepsilon} \big). \] We provide sufficient conditions for the large deviations principle of $\{X^\varepsilon\}_{\varepsilon>0}$ to hold in $C([0,1]^d:\mathbb{R})$, thereby refreshing a problem left open by Pérez-Abreu (1993) in the Brownian motion case. The proof is based on the weak convergence approach to large deviations: it involves demonstrating the convergence in distribution of certain perturbations of the original process, and thus the main difficulties lie in analysing and controlling the perturbed multiple stochastic integrals. Moreover, adopting this representation offers a new perspective on pathwise large deviations and induces a variety of applications thereof.
description: 24 pages. Final version
Ballistic transport through quantum point contacts of multi-orbital oxides
Creators: name: Settino, J.
name: Perroni, C. A.
name: Romeo, F.
name: Cataudella, V.
name: Citro, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Linear and non-linear transport properties through an atomic-size point contact based on oxides two-dimensional electron gas is examined using the tight-binding method and the $\mathbf{k\cdot p}$ approach. The ballistic transport is analyzed in contacts realized at the (001) interface between band insulators $LaAlO_3$ and $SrTiO_3$ by using the Landauer-Büttiker method for many sub-bands derived from three Ti 3d orbitals ($d_{yz}$, $d_{zx}$ and $d_{xy}$) in the presence of an out-of-plane magnetic field. We focus especially on the role played by the atomic spin-orbit coupling and the inversion symmetry breaking term pointing out three transport regimes: the first, at low energies, involving the first $d_{xy}$-like sub-bands, where the conductance quantization is robust; a second one, at intermediate energies, entailing further $d_{xy}$-like sub-bands, where the sub-band splitting induced by the magnetic field is quenched; the third one, where the mixing between light $d_{xy}$-like, heavy $d_{yz}$-like and $d_{zx}$-like sub-bands is so strong that the conductance plateaus turn out to be very narrow. Very good agreement is found with recent experiments exploring the transport properties at low energies.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Lipidomic Analysis of Oxidized Fatty Acids in Plant and Algae Oils
Creators: name: Richardson, Christine E.
name: Hammock, Bruce D.
name: Otoki, Yurika
name: Hennebelle, Marie
name: Zamora, Daisy
name: Taha, Ameer Y.
name: Yang, Jun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) in plant or algae oils are precursors to oxidized fatty acid metabolites known as oxylipins. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify oxylipins in soybean, corn, olive, canola, and four high-oleic acid algae oils at room temperature or after heating for 10 min at 100 °C. Flaxseed oil oxylipin concentrations were determined in a follow-up experiment that compared it to soybean, canola, corn, and olive oil. Published consumption data for soybean, canola, corn, and olive oil were used to estimate daily oxylipin intake. The LA and ALA fatty acid composition of the oils was generally related to their respective oxylipin metabolites, except for olive and flaxseed oil, which had higher LA derived monohydroxy and ketone oxylipins than other oils, despite their low LA content. Algae oils had the least amount of oxylipins. The change in oxylipin concentrations was not significantly different among the oils after short-term heating. The estimat...