cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Simulations for designing and interpreting intervention trials in infectious diseases
Creators: name: Lessler, J
name: Smith, T.A
name: Özler, B
name: Vynnycky, E
name: Lipsitch, M
name: Basta, N.E
name: Hughes, J.P
name: Onnela, J.-P
name: Seage, G.R
name: Vespignani, A
name: Brookmeyer, R
name: Lofgren, E.T
name: DeGruttola, V
name: Auranen, K
name: Cooper, B.S
name: Halloran, M.E
name: Baird, S
name: Bellan, S.E
name: Longini, I.M
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd.
Year: 2017

description: Background: Interventions in infectious diseases can have both direct effects on individuals who receive the intervention as well as indirect effects in the population. In addition, intervention combinations can have complex interactions at the population level, which are often difficult to adequately assess with standard study designs and analytical methods. Discussion: Herein, we urge the adoption of a new paradigm for the design and interpretation of intervention trials in infectious diseases, particularly with regard to emerging infectious diseases, one that more accurately reflects the dynamics of the transmission process. In an increasingly complex world, simulations can explicitly represent transmission dynamics, which are critical for proper trial design and interpretation. Certain ethical aspects of a trial can also be quantified using simulations. Further, after a trial has been conducted, simulations can be used to explore the possible explanations for the observed effects. Conclusion: Much is to be gained through a multidisciplinary approach that builds collaborations among experts in infectious disease dynamics, epidemiology, statistical science, economics, simulation methods, and the conduct of clinical trials.
(Pre-print) A Grammar for Spreadsheet Formulas Evaluated on Two Large Datasets
Creators: name: Efthimia Aivaloglou
name: Hoepelman, David
name: Felienne Hermans
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: Applied Computer Science

description: Pre-print version of paper "A Grammar for Spreadsheet Formulas Evaluated on Two Large Datasets" about parsing spreadsheet formulas.
Assessment of atherosclerotic plaque burden: comparison of AI-QCT versus SIS, CAC, visual and CAD-RADS stenosis categories
Creators: name: Sidahmed, Alfateh
name: Nurmohamed, Nick S.
name: Griffin, William F.
name: Cantlay, Catherine
name: Zeman, Robert K.
name: Choi, Andrew D.
name: Katz, Richard J.
name: Khan, Hufsa
name: Bansal, Kopal
name: Blankstein, Ron
name: Earls, James P.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: This study assesses the agreement of Artificial Intelligence-Quantitative Computed Tomography (AI-QCT) with qualitative approaches to atherosclerotic disease burden codified in the multisociety 2022 CAD-RADS 2.0 Expert Consensus. 105 patients who underwent cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) for chest pain were evaluated by a blinded core laboratory through FDA-cleared software (Cleerly, Denver, CO) that performs AI-QCT through artificial intelligence, analyzing factors such as % stenosis, plaque volume, and plaque composition. AI-QCT plaque volume was then staged by recently validated prognostic thresholds, and compared with CAD-RADS 2.0 clinical methods of plaque evaluation (segment involvement score (SIS), coronary artery calcium score (CACS), visual assessment, and CAD-RADS percent (%) stenosis) by expert consensus blinded to the AI-QCT core lab reads. Average age of subjects were 59 ± 11 years; 44% women, with 50% of patients at CAD-RADS 1–2 and 21% at CAD-RADS 3 and above by expert consensus. AI-QCT quantitative plaque burden staging had excellent agreement of 93% (k = 0.87 95% CI: 0.79–0.96) with SIS. There was moderate agreement between AI-QCT quantitative plaque volume and categories of visual assessment (64.4%; k = 0.488 [0.38–0.60]), and CACS (66.3%; k = 0.488 [0.36–0.61]). Agreement between AI-QCT plaque volume stage and CAD-RADS % stenosis category was also moderate. There was discordance at small plaque volumes. With ongoing validation, these results demonstrate a potential for AI-QCT as a rapid, reproducible approach to quantify total plaque burden.
Vancomycin-Conjugated Polyethyleneimine-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles Attenuate Germination and Show Potent Antifungal Activity against Aspergillus spp.
Creators: name: Kumar, Saroj
name: Bharti, Prahlad Singh
name: Narayan, Roger J.
name: Tiwari, Atul Kumar
name: Nikhil, Aishwarya
name: Pandey, Prem C.
name: Gupta, Munesh Kumar
name: Tilak, Ragini
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024

description: Antifungal drug resistance in filamentous fungi, particularly Aspergillus species, is increasing worldwide. Therefore, new antifungal drugs or combinations of drugs are urgently required to overcome this public health situation. In the present study, we examined the antifungal activity of vancomycin-functionalized AuNPs. These functionalized AuNPs were characterized, and their antifungal activity and associated killing mechanism were investigated using conventional methodologies against the conidia of A. fumigatus and A. flavus. The differential antifungal activity of vancomycin-functionalized Au-NPs against the conidia of Aspergillus species is dependent on structural differences in the conidial cell wall. The results demonstrated potent fungicidal activity against A. fumigatus, with a MIC value of 4.68 µg/mL, 93% germination inhibition, and 38.4% killing rate within 8 h of exposure. However, the activity against A. flavus was fungistatic; a MIC value of 18.7 µg/mL and 35% conidial germination inhibition, followed by 28.4% killing rate, were noted under similar conditions. Furthermore, endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was 37.4 and 23.1% in conidial populations of A. fumigatus and A. flavus, respectively. Raman spectroscopy analysis confirmed the possible (but not confirmed) binding of functionalized AuNPs with the chitin and galactomannan components of the cell wall. A potential strategy that involves the exploration of antibacterial drugs using AuNPs as efficient drug carriers may also be appropriate for countering emerging drug resistance in filamentous fungi.
Increased α2,3‐sialyl N‐glycosylated prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in post‐DRE urine is associated with high grade group prostate cancer
Creators: name: Troyer, Dean A.
name: Main, Brian P.
name: Burch, Tanya C.
name: Oduor, Ian O.
name: Mackay, Stephen
name: Semmes, Oliver J.
name: Nyalwidhe, Julius O.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2024

description: INTRODUCTION: Aberrant glycosylation of proteins is an important hallmark in multiple cancers. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a highly glycosylated protein with 10 N-linked glycosylation sites, is an Food and Drug Administration approved theranostic for prostate cancer. However, glycosylation changes in PSMA that are associated with prostate cancer disease progression have not been fully characterized.
METHODS: We investigated whether urinary PSMA sialylation correlate with high-grade prostate cancer. Urine samples were collected from men after digital rectal examination (DRE) before prostate biopsy. Lectin-antibody enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to quantify α2,3-sialyl PSMA in post-DRE urine samples from subjects with benign prostate tumors, Grade Group 1 prostate cancer and those with Grade Group ≥2 disease.
RESULTS: There are significant increases in α2,3-sialylated PSMA in patients with Grade Group ≥2 disease compared to benign (p = 0.0009) and those with Grade Group 1 disease (p = 0.0063). There were no significant differences in α2,3-sialyl PSMA levels between Grade Group 1 and benign prostate tumors (p = 0.7947).
CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that there are significant differences in the abundance of α2,3-sialylated PSMA in post-DRE urines from disease stratified prostate cancer patients, and the increase is correlated with progression and disease severity. The detection of increased PSMA sialyation in post-DRE urines from patients with higher Grade Group ≥2 disease states provides novel untapped potential for the development of prognostic biomarkers for prostate cancer. Specifically, quantitation of α2,3-sialylated PSMA shows potential for discriminating between benign to intermediate grade disease, which is a significant clinical challenge in staging and risk stratification of prostate cancer.
An Efficient and Convenient Method for Synthesis of Benzofuran-3-acetic Acids and Naphthafuran-acetic Acids
Creators: name: Mahantesha Basanagouda
name: Narayanachar
name: Iranna B. Majati
name: Shiddappa S. Mulimani
name: Sunnal, Satish B.
name: Rohit V. Nadiger
name: Ghanti, Ashok S.
name: Siddeshwar F. Gudageri
name: Naik, Ravi
name: Akshata Nayak
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: Herein, we report an efficient and convenient method for synthesis of benzofuran-3-acetic acids and naphthafuran-acetic acids 5(a-p) by the reaction of substituted-4-bromomethylcoumarins with aqueous sodium hydroxide at refluxing temperature. The obtained products are characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectral data. Structures 5a and 5e are confirmed by their single X-ray diffraction studies. The advantages of this method are good yields, easy workup and without chromatographic purifications.
Hypothermia and the Global War on Terror: 18 Years of Minimal Progress
Creators: name: Francis, Andrew D
name: Pak, Grace E
name: Pumiglia, Luke
name: Palmerton, Hannah M
name: Prey, Beau J
name: Bingham, Jason R
name: McClellan, John M
name: Williams, James M
name: Lammers, Daniel T
name: Gurney, Jennifer M
name: Zhang, Bobby Z
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Year: 2024

description: INTRODUCTION: The association between hypothermia, coagulopathy, and acidosis in trauma is well described. Hypothermia mitigation starts in the prehospital setting; however, it is often a secondary focus after other life-saving interventions. The deployed environment further compounds the problem due to prolonged evacuation times in rotary wing aircraft, resource limitations, and competing priorities. This analysis evaluates hypothermia in combat casualties and the relationship to resuscitation strategy with blood products.
METHODS: Using the data from the Department of Defense Joint Trauma Registry from 2003 to 2021, a retrospective analysis was conducted on adult trauma patients. Inclusion criteria was arrival at the first military treatment facility (MTF) hypothermic (<95ºF). Study variables included: mortality, year, demographics, battle vs non-battle injury, mechanism, theater of operation, vitals, and labs. Subgroup analysis was performed on severely injured (15 < ISS < 75) hypothermic trauma patients resuscitated with whole blood (WB) vs only component therapy.
RESULTS: Of the 69,364 patients included, 908 (1.3%) arrived hypothermic; the vast majority of whom (N = 847, 93.3%) arrived mildly hypothermic (90-94.9°F). Overall mortality rate was 14.8%. Rates of hypothermia varied by year from 0.7% in 2003 to 3.9% in 2014 (P <0.005). On subgroup analysis, mortality rates were similar between patients resuscitated with WB vs only component therapy; though base deficit values were higher in the WB cohort (-10 vs -6, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Despite nearly 20 years of combat operations, hypothermia continues to be a challenge in military trauma and is associated with a high mortality rate. Mortality was similar between hypothermic trauma patients resuscitated with WB vs component therapy, despite greater physiologic derangements on arrival in patients who received WB. As the military has the potential to conduct missions in environments where the risk of hypothermia is high, further research into hypothermia mitigation techniques and resuscitation strategies in the deployed setting is warranted.
Diaglyptidea conformis
Creators: name: Riedel
name: Pénigot
name: Schwarz
name: Diller
name: Johansson
name: Japoshvili, G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Diaglyptidea
Diaglyptidea conformis

description: Diaglyptidea conformis (GMELIN, 1790)
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Trap7: 1♀ 20.v.-1.vi.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Western Palaearctic, new record for Georgia and the Caucasus region.
description: Published as part of Riedel, Pénigot, Schwarz, Diller, Johansson & Japoshvili, G., 2023, Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Kintrishi National Park, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of six new species, pp. 61-153 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1) on page 121, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10788481
Top ten discoveries of the year: Neurodevelopmental disorders
Creators: name: Dierssen, Mara
Publisher: name: Free Neuropathology
Year: 2020

description: Developmental brain disorders, a highly heterogeneous group of disorders with a prevalence of around 3% of worldwide population, represent a growing medical challenge. They are characterized by impaired neurodevelopmental processes leading to deficits in cognition, social interaction, behavior and motor functioning as a result of abnormal development of brain. This can include developmental brain dysfunction, which can manifest as neuropsychiatric problems or impaired motor function, learning, language or non-verbal communication. Several of these phenotypes can often co-exist in the same patient and characterize the same disorder. Here I discuss some contributions in 2019 that are shaking our basic understanding of the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders. Recent developments in sophisticated in-utero imaging diagnostic tools have raised the possibility of imaging the fetal human brain growth, providing insights into the developing anatomy and improving diagnostics but also allowing a better understanding of antenatal pathology. On the other hand, advances in our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms reveal a remarkably complex molecular neuropathology involving a myriad of genetic architectures and regulatory elements that will help establish more rigorous genotype-phenotype correlations.
description: Free Neuropathology, Bd. 1 (2020)
A Grammar for Spreadsheet Formulas Evaluated on Two Large Datasets
Creators: name: Efthimia Aivaloglou
name: Hoepelman, David
name: Felienne Hermans
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: Applied Computer Science

description: Pre-print version of paper "A Grammar for Spreadsheet Formulas Evaluated on Two Large Datasets" about parsing spreadsheet formulas.
Adjusting the community of inquiry approach to a synchronous mathematical context
Creators: name: McDonald, Christine
name: Loch, Birgit
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This paper applies the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework previously used in asynchronous discussion forums to synchronous chats in a mathematically-based undergraduate course. While the three presences described in the CoI framework - cognitive, social and teaching presence - are still identified, it is argued that categories and indicators tailored for coding asynchronous discussion may need adjustment when applied to this new context. Preliminary results based on the transcript analysis of one chat log and using two coders are presented in this paper.
A gel-coated air-liquid-interface culture system with tunable substrate stiffness matching healthy and diseased lung tissues
Creators: name: Dickson, Riley
name: He, Zhi-Jian
name: Cai, Li-Heng
name: Chu, Catherine
name: Okuda, Kenichi
Publisher: name: American Physiological Society
Year: 2024

description: Since its invention in the late 1980s, the air-liquid-interface (ALI) culture system has been the standard in vitro model for studying human airway biology and pulmonary diseases. However, in a conventional ALI system, cells are cultured on a porous plastic membrane that is much stiffer than human airway tissues. Here, we develop a gel-ALI culture system by simply coating the plastic membrane with a thin layer of hydrogel with tunable stiffness matching that of healthy and fibrotic airway tissues. We determine the optimum gel thickness that does not impair the transport of nutrients and biomolecules essential to cell growth. We show that the gel-ALI system allows human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) to proliferate and differentiate into pseudostratified epithelium. Furthermore, we discover that HBECs migrate significantly faster on hydrogel substrates with stiffness matching that of fibrotic lung tissues, highlighting the importance of mechanical cues in human airway remodeling. The developed gel-ALI system provides a facile approach to studying the effects of mechanical cues in human airway biology and in modeling pulmonary diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In a conventional ALI system, cells are cultured on a plastic membrane that is much stiffer than human airway tissues. We develop a gel-ALI system by coating the plastic membrane with a thin layer of hydrogel with tunable stiffness matching that of healthy and fibrotic airway tissues. We discover that human bronchial epithelial cells migrate significantly faster on hydrogel substrates with pathological stiffness, highlighting the importance of mechanical cues in human airway remodeling.
Dichrogaster aestivalis
Creators: name: Riedel
name: Pénigot
name: Schwarz
name: Diller
name: Johansson
name: Japoshvili, G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Dichrogaster
Dichrogaster aestivalis

description: Dichrogaster aestivalis (GRAVENHORST, 1829)
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Trap7: 1♀ 27.vii.-10.viii.; trap 8: 1♀ 15-29.vi.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Transpalaearctic, known from Azerbaijan (JONAITIS & ALIEV 1983 a, ALIEV 1988), new record for Georgia.
description: Published as part of Riedel, Pénigot, Schwarz, Diller, Johansson & Japoshvili, G., 2023, Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Kintrishi National Park, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of six new species, pp. 61-153 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1) on page 121, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10788481
Perspective piece: What is a hotspot anyway?
Creators: name: Moore, S.M
name: Lessler, J
name: Azman, A.S
name: McKay, H.S
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The importance of spatial clusters, or "hotspots," in infectious disease epidemiology has been increasingly recognized, and targeting hotspots is often seen as an important component of disease-control strategies. However, the precise meaning of "hotspot" varies widely in current research and policy documents. Hotspots have been variously described as areas of elevated incidence or prevalence, higher transmission efficiency or risk, or higher probability of disease emergence. This ambiguity has led to confusion and may result in mistaken inferences regarding the best way to target interventions. We surveyed the literature on epidemiologic hotspots, examining the multitude of ways in which the term is used; and highlight the difference in the geographic scale of hotspots and the properties they are supposed to have. In response to the diversity in the term's usage, we advocate the use of more precise terms, such as "burden hotspot," "transmission hotspot," and "emergence hotspot," as well as explicit specification of the spatiotemporal scale of interest. Increased precision in terminology is needed to ensure clear and effective policies for disease control.
Two new isoaurones derivatives from Callistephus chinensis flower
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiao-Shu
name: Cao, Jia-Qing
name: Shi, Guo-Hui
name: Zhen-Ting Liu
name: Liu, Jing-Xin
name: Zhao, Yu-Qing
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Engineering
subject: Biochemistry

description: Two new isoaurones derivatives were obtained from Callistephus chinensis flower. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. Both of the new compounds were evaluated cytotoxic activity. Phytochemical investigation of Callistephus chinensis flower led to the isolation of two new isoaurones derivatives (Z)-4′,4,10-trihydroxy-siamaurone (1) and (E)-4′,4,10-trihydroxy-siamaurone (2). The structures of these new compounds were identified by the interpretation of spectroscopic data (mainly 1D and 2D NMR) and by comparison with data reported in the literature. Both of the new compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity.
Prognostic assessment of the zone of occurrence of radiation combined injuries within a nuclear blast area
Creators: name: Cherniavskiy, Igor
name: Vinnikov, Volodymyr
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: A detonation of nuclear weapon (NW) is considered as one of the most devastating radiological scenarios in the list of modern global threats. An essential proportion of victims in a mass casualty radiation event may require an immediate medical care due to radiation combined injuries (RCI). Surprisingly, there is a lack of clear guidance for quantitative prognosis of the spatial distribution of expected RCI casesin a given nuclear explosion scenario. This work is aimed at the presentation of a new, improved model, allowing more confident evaluation of the contributions from different NW destructive forces to RCI formation, thus leading to more accurate approximation of the zone around the epicentre for a guided search for RCI cases. The model is made compatible with a classic approach and provides the estimates of radial distance from the epicenter, at which NW explosion can produce RCI. Mathematical formalism comprises a set of equations for the reciprocal assessment of a distance – effect for radiation dose (separately for neutrons and gamma-rays), thermal wave and blast shock wave depending on the NW type, detonation yield and altitude, environmental conditions (i.e. season) and shielding factors. The model’s capabilities were demonstrated using an example of the RCI grade causing a profound operational performance decrement of military personnel in two marginal scenarios: Troops deployed in an open area or a tank crew. A remarkable difference in the expected radial zones of possible RCI occurrence was found between the actions of a ‘historical’ atomic bomb, thermonuclear weapons, and low-yield neutron munitions, also with a noticeable impact of the season factor (summer/winter). For a tank crew the clinically manageable RCI are possible only in very high yield explosion scenarios, while the damage caused by radiation alone possess much higher risk. Suggested formalism may provide guidance for a preliminary planning of countermeasures, targeting of radiation reconnaissance, and clarification of triage results in a broad range of radiological scenarios based on NW detonation. Further improvement of the model is possible by considering neutrons’ and gamma-rays’ relative biological efficacy, possible shielding factors, and a synergetic effect of NW’s destructive forces.
Catastrophic outburst and tsunami flooding of Lake Baikal: U–Pb detrital zircon provenance study of the Palaeo-Manzurka megaflood sediments
Creators: name: Ivanov, Alexei V.
name: Demonterova, Elena I.
name: Reznitskii, Leonid Z.
name: Barash, Igor G.
name: Arzhannikov, Sergey G.
name: Arzhannikova, Anastasia V.
name: Chan-Hui Hung
name: Sun-Lin Chung
name: Iizuka, Yoshiyuki
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Lake Baikal, the largest freshwater reservoir on Earth (~600 × 30 km in size and up to 1.6 km in depth), has more than 300 contributing rivers but only one N-trending outflow – River Angara. In the Pliocene or Pleistocene, another N-trending outflow operated through the Palaeo-Manzurka to Lena. Provenance analysis using U–Pb dating of detrital zircons from the Palaeo-Manzurka sediments demonstrates that the dominant source of the zircons was the lake deposits, while the contribution of zircons from local bedrocks was limited to about 8% only. Looking for an explanation of this, we propose a hypothesis that formation of the Palaeo-Manzurka sediments took place in association with a catastrophic mega-landslide (~15 × 3 km) into the lake and the resulting mega-tsunami flooding.
Instantly adhesive and ultra-elastic patches for dynamic organ and wound repair
Creators: name: Blackwell, John
name: Etter, Emma L.
name: Chansoria, Parth
name: Chaudhari, Ameya
name: Maile, Robert
name: Wallet, Shannon M.
name: Egan, Thomas M.
name: Le, Jiayan
name: Jasiewicz, Natalie E.
name: Maruthamuthu, Murali Kannan
name: Sellers, Rani S.
name: Nguyen, Juliane
name: Bonacquisti, Emily E.
name: Kussatz, Caden C.
name: Heavey, Mairead K.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: Bioadhesive materials and patches are promising alternatives to surgical sutures and staples. However, many existing bioadhesives do not meet the functional requirements of current surgical procedures and interventions. Here, we present a translational patch material that exhibits instant adhesion to tissues (2.5-fold stronger than Tisseel, an FDA-approved fibrin glue), ultra-stretchability (stretching to >300% its original length without losing elasticity), compatibility with rapid photo-projection (<2 min fabrication time/patch), and ability to deliver therapeutics. Using our established procedures for the in silico design and optimization of anisotropic-auxetic patches, we created next-generation patches for instant attachment to tissues while conforming to a broad range of organ mechanics ex vivo and in vivo. Patches coated with extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells demonstrate robust wound healing capability in vivo without inducing a foreign body response and without the need for patch removal that can cause pain and bleeding. We further demonstrate a single material-based, void-filling auxetic patch designed for the treatment of lung puncture wounds.
High hepatitis e seroprevalence among displaced persons in South Sudan
Creators: name: Bouhenia, M
name: Gurley, E.S
name: Luquero, F.J
name: Lessler, J
name: Wamala, J.F
name: Rumunu, J
name: Leung, D.T
name: Azman, A.S
name: Gignoux, E
name: Rodriguez-Barraquer, I
name: Laku, R.L
name: Iyer, A.S
name: Ciglenecki, I
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Large protracted outbreaks of hepatitis E virus (HEV) have been documented in displaced populations in Africa over the past decade though data are limited outside these exceptional settings. Serological studies can provide insights useful for improving surveillance and disease control. We conducted an age-stratified serological survey using samples previously collected for another research study from206 residents of an internally displaced person campin Juba, South Sudan.We tested serumfor anti-HEV antibodies (IgMand IgG) and estimated the prevalence of recent and historical exposure to the virus. Using data on individuals' serostatus, camp arrival date, and state of origin, we used catalytic transmission models to estimate the relative risk of HEV infection in the camp compared with that in the participants' home states. The age-adjusted seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG was 71% (95% confidence interval = 63-78), and 4% had evidence of recent exposure (IgM). We estimated HEV exposure rates to be more than 2-fold (hazard ratio = 2.3, 95% credible interval = 0.3-5.8) higher in the camp than in the participants' home states, although this difference was not statistically significant. HEV transmission may be higher than previously appreciated, even in the absence of reported cases. Improved surveillance in similar settings is needed to understand the burden of disease and minimize epidemic impact through early detection and response.
Pulmonary Ionocytes: What Are They Transporting and Which Way?
Creators: name: Gentzsch, Martina
name: Okuda, Kenichi
Publisher: name: American Thoracic Society
Year: 2024

description: Airway mucociliary clearance is a key innate defense mechanism for
lung health.Mucus concentration and biophysiochemical properties
are tightly regulated by airway epithelial cellular activities to provide
effective host innate defense, including mucus transport and airway
surface liquid (ASL) pH regulation. Quantitative and qualitative
mucus abnormalities are common features of muco-obstructive lung
diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF). CF is characterized by
the presence of hyperconcentratedmucus, reflecting loss-of-function
mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)
gene and consequent defective control of ASL volume by CF airway
epithelia. It has been suggested that CFTR dysfunction also leads to
acidification of mucus in model systems that is associated with
reduced bacterial killing in CF airways. However, a study of
children with CF reported that the pH of their ASL in vivo was the
same as that in children without CF. Therefore, it remains
critically important to understand how airway epithelial cells regulate
CFTR-dependent mucus properties to maintain mucus homeostasis
and how it fails in CF.
A new labdane diterpene from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum
Creators: name: Wu, Hai-Feng
name: Qiong-Yu Zou
name: Tang, Yu-Lian
name: Di-Zhao Chen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: Biochemistry

description: A new labdane diterpene, (Z)-12,14-labdadien-15(16)-olide-17-oic acid (1), and a new natural cadinane sesquiterpene, 4-isopropyl-6-methyl-1-naphthalenemethanol (2), were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum, together with three other products, galangin (3), kaempferol (4) and quercetin (5). Their structures were elucidated by using extensive spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1 and 2 showed no remarkable cytotoxic activity against HeLa and HepG2 cancer cell lines with IC50>50 μg mL− 1.
Gene expression plasticity facilitates acclimatization of a long-lived Caribbean coral across divergent reef environments
Creators: name: Hughes, Annabel M.
name: Castillo, Karl D.
name: Powell, Maya E.
name: Ries, Justin B.
name: Bove, Colleen B.
name: Davies, Sarah W.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: Local adaptation can increase fitness under stable environmental conditions. However, in rapidly changing environments, compensatory mechanisms enabled through plasticity may better promote fitness. Climate change is causing devastating impacts on coral reefs globally and understanding the potential for adaptive and plastic responses is critical for reef management. We conducted a four-year, three-way reciprocal transplant of the Caribbean coral Siderastrea siderea across forereef, backreef, and nearshore populations in Belize to investigate the potential for environmental specialization versus plasticity in this species. Corals maintained high survival within forereef and backreef environments, but transplantation to nearshore environments resulted in high mortality, suggesting that nearshore environments present strong environmental selection. Only forereef-sourced corals demonstrated evidence of environmental specialization, exhibiting the highest growth in the forereef. Gene expression profiling 3.5 years post-transplantation revealed that transplanted coral hosts exhibited profiles more similar to other corals in the same reef environment, regardless of their source location, suggesting that transcriptome plasticity facilitates acclimatization to environmental change in S. siderea. In contrast, algal symbiont (Cladocopium goreaui) gene expression showcased functional variation between source locations that was maintained post-transplantation. Our findings suggest limited acclimatory capacity of some S. siderea populations under strong environmental selection and highlight the potential limits of coral physiological plasticity in reef restoration.
A comparative evaluation of biological activities and bioactive compounds of the seagrasses Zostera marina and Zostera noltei from southern Portugal
Creators: name: Custódio, Luísa
name: Engelen, Aschwin H.
name: Pereira, Hugo
name: Vizetto-Duarte, Catarina
name: Barreira, Luísa
name: Alberício, Fernando
name: Varela, João
name: Laukaityte, Simona
name: Rodrigues, Maria João
name: Rodríguez, Hortensia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biochemistry

description: This work assessed the antioxidant potential, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and the in vitro cytotoxic activity of extracts of the seagrasses Zostera marina and Zostera noltei collected from southern Portugal. The total phenolic contents (TPCs), the rosmarinic acid (RA) concentration (HPLC/DAD) and the fatty acid (FA) profile (GC/MS) are also described. Z. marina had the highest TPC, radical scavenging activity against DPPH radicals and copper chelating activity. Z. noltei had metal chelation capacity to copper and iron ions. None of the species was able to inhibit AChE. Both seagrasses had high levels of polyunsaturated FAs. Z. marina significantly and selectively reduced the viability of tumorous neuronal cells. Z. noltei was highly toxic for the three cell lines tested and was selective against hepatocarcinoma cells at the concentration of 100 μg/mL. RA was the main compound identified in Z. marina, but not in Z. noltei.
Dichrogaster liostylus
Creators: name: Riedel
name: Pénigot
name: Schwarz
name: Diller
name: Johansson
name: Japoshvili, G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Dichrogaster
Dichrogaster liostylus

description: Dichrogaster liostylus (THOMSON, 1885), det. Schwarz
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Trap 2: 1♀ 1-15.vi., 1♀ 29.vi.-13.vii.; trap 7: 1♀ 23.iv.-5.v., 1♁ 20.v.-1.vi.; trap 8: 1♀ 15-29.vi.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Transpalaearctic, known from Azerbaijan (JONAITIS & ALIEV 1983a), new record for Georgia.
description: Published as part of Riedel, Pénigot, Schwarz, Diller, Johansson & Japoshvili, G., 2023, Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Kintrishi National Park, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of six new species, pp. 61-153 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1) on page 121, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10788481
Examining the feasibility of assisted index case testing for HIV case-finding: a qualitative analysis of barriers and facilitators to implementation in Malawi
Creators: name: Chitani, Mike
name: Vansia, Dhrutika
name: Mphande, Mtisunge
name: Tembo, Tapiwa A.
name: Rutstein, Sarah E.
name: Munkhondya, Tiwonge E. Mbeya
name: Kim, Maria H.
name: Barrington, Clare
name: Kumbuyo, Caroline
name: Simon, Katherine R.
name: Rosenberg, Nora E.
name: Jean-Baptiste, Milenka
name: Wang, Jiayu
name: Meek, Caroline J.
name: Go, Vivian F.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: Background Assisted index case testing (ICT), in which health care workers take an active role in referring at-risk contacts of people living with HIV for HIV testing services, has been widely recognized as an evidence-based intervention with high potential to increase status awareness in people living with HIV. While the available evidence from eastern and southern Africa suggests that assisted ICT can be an effective, efficient, cost-effective, acceptable, and low-risk strategy to implement in the region, it reveals that feasibility barriers to implementation exist. This study aims to inform the design of implementation strategies to mitigate these feasibility barriers by examining “assisting” health care workers’ experiences of how barriers manifest throughout the assisted ICT process, as well as their perceptions of potential opportunities to facilitate feasibility. Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with 26 lay health care workers delivering assisted ICT in Malawian health facilities. Interviews explored health care workers’ experiences counseling index clients and tracing these clients’ contacts, aiming to inform development of a blended learning implementation package. Transcripts were inductively analyzed using Dedoose coding software to identify and describe key factors influencing feasibility of assisted ICT. Analysis included multiple rounds of coding and iteration with the data collection team. Results Participants reported a variety of barriers to feasibility of assisted index case testing implementation, including sensitivities around discussing ICT with clients, privacy concerns, limited time for assisted index case testing amid high workloads, poor quality contact information, and logistical obstacles to tracing. Participants also reported several health care worker characteristics that facilitate feasibility (knowledge, interpersonal skills, non-stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors, and a sense of purpose), as well as identified process improvements with the potential to mitigate barriers. Conclusions Maximizing assisted ICT’s potential to increase status awareness in people living with HIV requires equipping health care workers with effective training and support to address and overcome the many feasibility barriers that they face in implementation. Findings demonstrate the need for, as well as inform the development of, implementation strategies to mitigate barriers and promote facilitators to feasibility of assisted ICT.Trial registrationNCT05343390. Date of registration: April 25, 2022.
Effectiveness of one dose of oral cholera vaccine in response to an outbreak: a case-cohort study
Creators: name: Lino, R.L
name: Jamet, C
name: Page, A.-L
name: Abubakar, A
name: Deng, L.L
name: Lasuba, M
name: Rumunu, J
name: Azman, A.S
name: Llosa, A.E
name: Parker, L.A
name: Wamala, J.F
name: Ontweka, L
name: Pezzoli, L
name: Ciglenecki, I
name: Luquero, F.J
name: Mpairwe, A.M
name: Cohuet, S
name: Sodjinou, D.V
name: Grandesso, F
name: Lessler, J
name: Tadesse, F
name: Bior, B.K
name: Sack, D.A
name: Quilici, M.-L
name: Debes, A.K
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Background Oral cholera vaccines represent a new effective tool to fight cholera and are licensed as two-dose regimens with 2-4 weeks between doses. Evidence from previous studies suggests that a single dose of oral cholera vaccine might provide substantial direct protection against cholera. During a cholera outbreak in May, 2015, in Juba, South Sudan, the Ministry of Health, Médecins Sans Frontières, and partners engaged in the first field deployment of a single dose of oral cholera vaccine to enhance the outbreak response. We did a vaccine effectiveness study in conjunction with this large public health intervention. Methods We did a case-cohort study, combining information on the vaccination status and disease outcomes from a random cohort recruited from throughout the city of Juba with that from all the cases detected. Eligible cases were those aged 1 year or older on the first day of the vaccination campaign who sought care for diarrhoea at all three cholera treatment centres and seven rehydration posts throughout Juba. Confirmed cases were suspected cases who tested positive to PCR for Vibrio cholerae O1. We estimated the short-term protection (direct and indirect) conferred by one dose of cholera vaccine (Shanchol, Shantha Biotechnics, Hyderabad, India). Findings Between Aug 9, 2015, and Sept 29, 2015, we enrolled 87 individuals with suspected cholera, and an 898-person cohort from throughout Juba. Of the 87 individuals with suspected cholera, 34 were classified as cholera positive, 52 as cholera negative, and one had indeterminate results. Of the 858 cohort members who completed a follow-up visit, none developed clinical cholera during follow-up. The unadjusted single-dose vaccine effectiveness was 80·2% (95% CI 61·5-100·0) and after adjusting for potential confounders was 87·3% (70·2-100·0). Interpretation One dose of Shanchol was effective in preventing medically attended cholera in this study. These results support the use of a single-dose strategy in outbreaks in similar epidemiological settings. Funding Médecins Sans Frontières.
1.20_Schlez: Validation and Verification of Models of the Waked Flow of a Large Wind Farm
Creators: name: Schlez, Wolfgang
name: Bradstock, Philip
name: Schmidt, Sascha
name: Cabezón, Daniel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: wind energy
wind farm
wake model
validation
WakeBlaster

description: A case study is presented, in which the authors compare several models against yet unpublished data from a large wind farm. The wind farm is in mostly flat and open farmland, with some settlements. Ten-minute SCADA data collected over three years has been filtered, cleaned, and processed, to be represented as flow cases. For each wind direction and wind speed the resulting observed power average, the standard deviation and min./max., and the number of underlying data points are presented. A range of different commercial models is used. These are implemented in the packages WindFarmer, WindPro, OpenWind, WAsP, and WakeBlaster. This case study shows that, if operated by an experienced engineer, the commercial models agree well with each other and with the corresponding data, overall. In the model verification, the differences between the models are highlighted and explored what differentiates them from one another. In the validation, the model results are compared for critical scenarios with the production data.
Efficient computation of frame bounds using LMI-based optimization
Creators: name: Chai, Li
name: Zhang, Jingxin
name: Zhang, Cishen
name: Mosca, Edoardo
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This correspondence presents a simple and effective method for computing the optimal frame bounds of oversampled perfect reconstruction (PR) filter banks (FBs). It first shows that computation of the optimal frame bounds for complex-valued oversampled PR FBs can be formulated as a convex optimization subject to complex-valued linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints and solved by effective interior-point algorithms. It then deals with discrete-time Weyl-Heisenberg (WH) frames to compute bounds on the WH frames by real-valued LMI optimization. The WH frames are closely related to modulated FBs and have complex coefficients. Four examples are given to illustrate the generality and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Size characterization of clusters: Ward's method via Lance-Williams algorithm
Creators: name: Wicaksono, Aulia Tegar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computation Theory and Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This document describes the numerical technique implemented to characterize the size of helium clusters from molecular dynamics simulation, i.e. Chapters 7 and 8 of author's doctoral thesis.
Dichrogaster modesta
Creators: name: Riedel
name: Pénigot
name: Schwarz
name: Diller
name: Johansson
name: Japoshvili, G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Dichrogaster
Dichrogaster modesta

description: Dichrogaster modesta (GRAVENHORST, 1829)
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Trap 2: 1♀ 29.vi.-13.vii.; trap 8: 1♀ 15-29.vi.; trap 15: 1♀ 20.v.- 2.vi., 1♀ 14-28.vii., 1♀ 25.viii.-8.ix.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Western Palaearctic, known from Georgia (RIEDEL et al. 2018).
description: Published as part of Riedel, Pénigot, Schwarz, Diller, Johansson & Japoshvili, G., 2023, Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Kintrishi National Park, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of six new species, pp. 61-153 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1) on page 121, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10788481
Constructing EAM potential files for LAMMPS
Creators: name: Wicaksono, Aulia Tegar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter Physics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This document presents the anatomy of an EAM potential file for modelling the behaviour of binary iron-helium (Fe-He) system via molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using LAMMPS. The potentials discussed in this document are the Ackland-04, the Aziz-95 and the Gao-11 potentials, describing the Fe-Fe, He-He, and Fe-He interaction, respectively. While the emphasis here is placed upon these potentials, this document can still be used as a guide for constructing a LAMMPS-compatible potential file for EAM binary systems from the literature.
Harpagophytum procumbens extract potentiates morphine antinociception in neuropathic rats
Creators: name: Parenti, Carmela
name: Aricò, Giuseppina
name: Pennisi, Marzio
name: Venditti, Alessandro
name: Scoto, Giovanna M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: The association of opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, to enhance pain relief and reduce the development of side effects, has been demonstrated. Given many reports concerning the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Harpagophytum procumbens extracts, the aim of our study was to investigate the advantage of a co-administration of a subanalgesic dose of morphine preceded by a low dose of H. procumbens to verify this therapeutically useful association in a neuropathic pain model. Time course, registered with the association of the natural extract, at a dose that does not induce an antinociceptive effect, followed by a subanalgesic dose of morphine showed a well-defined antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effect, suggesting a synergism as a result of the two-drug association. H. procumbens cooperates synergistically with morphine in resolving hyperalgesia and allodynia, two typical symptoms of neuropathic pain. The results support the strategy of using an adjuvant drug to improve opioid analgesic efficacy.
Encrateola laevigata
Creators: name: Riedel
name: Pénigot
name: Schwarz
name: Diller
name: Johansson
name: Japoshvili, G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Encrateola
Encrateola laevigata

description: Encrateola laevigata (RATZEBURG, 1848), det. Schwarz
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Trap4: 1♀ 15-29.vi.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Holarctic, new record for Georgia and the Caucasus region.
description: Published as part of Riedel, Pénigot, Schwarz, Diller, Johansson & Japoshvili, G., 2023, Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Kintrishi National Park, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of six new species, pp. 61-153 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1) on page 121, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10788481