cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Premerger localization of intermediate mass binary black holes with LISA and prospects of joint observations with Athena and LSST
Creators: name: Saini, Pankaj
name: Bhat, Sajad A.
name: Arun, K. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The planned Laser Interferometric Space Antenna (LISA) will be able to detect gravitational waves (GWs) from intermediate mass binary black holes (IMBBHs) in the mass range $\sim 10^{2} \mbox{-} 10^{4}\,M_{\odot}$ up to a redshift $z\sim20$. Modulation effects due to orbital motion of LISA around the Sun facilitate precise premerger localization of the sources, which in turn would help in electromagnetic (EM) followups. In this work, we calculate the uncertainties in sky position, luminosity distance, and time of coalescence as a function of time to coalescence. For representative masses of the IMBBHs, we synthesize a population of binaries uniformly located and oriented on a sphere of radius 3 Gpc and compute the projected parameter measurement uncertainties using the Fisher information matrix. We find that for systems with a total mass of $10^3\,M_{\odot}$, the errors in the sky position and luminosity distance are $\sim 0.4\,\text{deg}^2$ and $\sim 6\%$, respectively, one day prior to coalescence. The coalescence time can be predicted with an uncertainty $\lesssim 10$ sec, one day before coalescence. We also find that for $10^3\,M_{\odot}$, around $40\%$ ($100\%$) of the population has a source localization that is smaller than the field of view of Athena (LSST) one day before the merger. These extremely precise measurements can be used to alert ground-based GW detectors and EM telescopes about the time and location of these mergers. We also discuss mechanisms that may produce EM emission from IMBBH mergers and study its detectability using the planned Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) in the optical and Athena in the x-ray bands. Detection of an EM transient may provide us vital clues about the environments where these mergers occur and the distance estimation can pave the way for cosmography.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures; Published in Phys. Rev. D. v2: Fig.1 added, minor changes to match the published version
Spherical functions on the space of $p$-adic unitary hermitian matrices II, the case of odd size
Creators: name: Hironaka, Yumiko
name: Komori, Yasushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11E85, 11E95, 11F70, 22E50, 33D52

description: We are interested in the harmonic analysis on $p$-adic homogeneous spaces based on spherical functions. In the present paper, we investigate the space $X$ of unitary hermitian matrices of odd size over a ${\mathfrak p}$-adic field of odd residual characteristic, which is a continuation of our previous paper where we have studied for even size matrices. First we give the explicit representatives of the Cartan decomposition of $X$ and introduce a typical spherical function $ω(x;z)$ on $X$. After studying the functional equations, we give an explicit formula for $ω(x;z)$, where Hall-Littlewood polynomials of type $C_n$ appear as a main term, though the unitary group acting on $X$ is of type $BC_n$. By spherical transform, we show the Schwartz space ${\mathcal S}(K \backslash X)$ is a free Hecke algebra ${\mathcal H}(G, K)$-module of rank $2^n$, where $2n+1$ is the size of matrices in $X$, and give parametrization of all the spherical functions on $X$ and the explicit Plancherel formula on ${\mathcal S}(K \backslash X)$.
description: 31 pages
Sub-10 fs pulses tunable from 480 to 980 nm from a NOPA pumped by a Yb:KGW source
Creators: name: Liebel, Matz
name: Schnedermann, Christoph
name: Kukura, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe two noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) systems pumped by either the second (515 nm) or the third (343 nm) harmonic of an Yb:KGW amplifier, respectively. Pulse durations as short as 6.8 fs are readily obtained by compression with commercially available chirped mirrors. The availability of both second and third harmonic for NOPA pumping allows for gap-free tuning from 520 to 980 nm. The use of an intermediate NOPA to generate seed light at 780 nm extends the tuning range of the third-harmonic pumped NOPA towards 450 nm.
Combating errors in propagation of orbital angular momentum modes of light in turbulent media
Creators: name: Bala, Rajni
name: Asthana, Sooryansh
name: Ravishankar, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a wealth of simulation, experimental and analytical studies on propagation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes through atmospheric and oceanic turbulence.} Using the data of these studies and generalising the framework proposed in [Bala et al., [arXiv:2208.04555] for error-immune information transfer, we accomplish two tasks. First, we identify invariants for propagation of OAM modes through atmospheric and oceanic turbulence, in which error-immune information can be encoded. A closer look at the data reveals two universal features: (i)coherence lasts for a much longer distance in turbulence than entanglement, and, (ii) the crosstalk among different OAM modes depends very weakly on the initial OAM mode index in the weak turbulence regime. Keeping these in mind, we next develop a method for combating errors in what we call an idealised crosstalk channel. In an idealised crosstalk channel, the crossover probabilities are independent of the initial mode index (IMI). We lay down a procedure that allows to retrieve full information in a state by identifying invariant quantities. Finally, we construct quantum error correction and rejection codes for idealised crosstalk channels, without any need for multiparty entanglement.
Collisional energy loss above the critical temperature in QCD
Creators: name: Lin, Shu
name: Pisarski, Robert D.
name: Skokov, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the collisional energy loss for a heavy quark above the critical temperature in Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD). We work in the semi Quark-Gluon Plasma, which assumes that this region is dominated by the non-trivial holonomy of the thermal Wilson line. Relative to the result to leading order in perturbation theory, at a fixed value of the coupling constant we generically we find that collisional energy loss is suppressed by powers of the Polyakov loop, l < 1. For small values of the loop, this suppression is linear for the scattering off of light quarks, and quadratic for the scattering off of gluons, or for Compton scattering.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures
The Neumann problem for a class of generalized Kirchhoff-type potential systems
Creators: name: Eddine, Nabil Chems
name: Repovš, Dušan D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B33, 35D30, 35J50, 35J60, 46E35

description: In this paper, we are concerned with the Neumann problem for a class of quasilinear stationary Kirchhoff-type potential systems, which involves general variable exponents elliptic operators with critical growth and real positive parameter. We show that the problem has at least one solution, which converges to zero in the norm of the space as the real positive parameter tends to infinity, via combining the truncation technique, variational method, and the concentration-compactness principle for variable exponent under suitable assumptions on the nonlinearities.
Ground-based astrometry with wide field imagers. V. Application to near-infrared detectors: HAWK-I@VLT/ESO
Creators: name: Libralato, M.
name: Bellini, A.
name: Bedin, L. R.
name: Piotto, G.
name: Platais, I.
name: Kissler-Patig, M.
name: Milone, A. P.
name: .
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-precision astrometry requires accurate point-spread function modeling and accurate geometric-distortion corrections. This paper demonstrates that it is possible to achieve both requirements with data collected at the high acuity wide-field K-band imager (HAWK-I), a wide-field imager installed at the Nasmyth focus of UT4/VLT ESO 8m telescope. Our final astrometric precision reaches ~3 mas per coordinate for a well-exposed star in a single image with a systematic error less than 0.1 mas. We constructed calibrated astro-photometric catalogs and atlases of seven fields: the Baade's Window, NGC 6656, NGC 6121, NGC 6822, NGC 6388, NGC 104, and the James Webb Space Telescope calibration field in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We make these catalogs and images electronically available to the community. Furthermore, as a demonstration of the efficacy of our approach, we combined archival material taken with the optical wide-field imager at the MPI/ESO 2.2m with HAWK-I observations. We showed that we are able to achieve an excellent separation between cluster members and field objects for NGC 6656 and NGC 6121 with a time base-line of about 8 years. Using both HST and HAWK-I data, we also study the radial distribution of the SGB populations in NGC 6656 and conclude that the radial trend is flat within our uncertainty. We also provide membership probabilities for most of the stars in NGC 6656 and NGC 6121 catalogs and estimate membership for the published variable stars in these two fields.
description: 36 pages (included appendix), 13 tables, 35 figures (26 in low resolution), accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Online materials will be soon available on CDS. Meanwhile, online materials can be requested directly to the first author
SottoVoce: An Ultrasound Imaging-Based Silent Speech Interaction Using Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Kimura, Naoki
name: Kono, Michinari
name: Rekimoto, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: H.1.2; I.2.1; I.2.7

description: The availability of digital devices operated by voice is expanding rapidly. However, the applications of voice interfaces are still restricted. For example, speaking in public places becomes an annoyance to the surrounding people, and secret information should not be uttered. Environmental noise may reduce the accuracy of speech recognition. To address these limitations, a system to detect a user's unvoiced utterance is proposed. From internal information observed by an ultrasonic imaging sensor attached to the underside of the jaw, our proposed system recognizes the utterance contents without the user's uttering voice. Our proposed deep neural network model is used to obtain acoustic features from a sequence of ultrasound images. We confirmed that audio signals generated by our system can control the existing smart speakers. We also observed that a user can adjust their oral movement to learn and improve the accuracy of their voice recognition.
description: ACM CHI 2019 paper
BoW3D: Bag of Words for Real-Time Loop Closing in 3D LiDAR SLAM
Creators: name: Cui, Yunge
name: Chen, Xieyuanli
name: Zhang, Yinlong
name: Dong, Jiahua
name: Wu, Qingxiao
name: Zhu, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Loop closing is a fundamental part of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) for autonomous mobile systems. In the field of visual SLAM, bag of words (BoW) has achieved great success in loop closure. The BoW features for loop searching can also be used in the subsequent 6-DoF loop correction. However, for 3D LiDAR SLAM, the state-of-the-art methods may fail to effectively recognize the loop in real time, and usually cannot correct the full 6-DoF loop pose. To address this limitation, we present a novel Bag of Words for real-time loop closing in 3D LiDAR SLAM, called BoW3D. Our method not only efficiently recognizes the revisited loop places, but also corrects the full 6-DoF loop pose in real time. BoW3D builds the bag of words based on the 3D LiDAR feature LinK3D, which is efficient, pose-invariant and can be used for accurate point-to-point matching. We furthermore embed our proposed method into 3D LiDAR odometry system to evaluate loop closing performance. We test our method on public dataset, and compare it against other state-of-the-art algorithms. BoW3D shows better performance in terms of F1 max and extended precision scores on most scenarios. It is noticeable that BoW3D takes an average of 48 ms to recognize and correct the loops on KITTI 00 (includes 4K+ 64-ray LiDAR scans), when executed on a notebook with an Intel Core i7 @2.2 GHz processor. We release the implementation of our method here: https://github.com/YungeCui/BoW3D.
description: Accepted by IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L)/ICRA 2023
Effect of spin fluctuations on quasiparticle excitations: first-principles theory and application to sodium and lithium
Creators: name: Lischner, Johannes
name: Bazhirov, Timur
name: MacDonald, Allan H.
name: Cohen, Marvin L.
name: Louie, Steven G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present first-principles calculations for quasiparticle excitations in sodium and lithium including the effects of charge and spin fluctuations. We employ the Overhauser-Kukkonen form for the electron self energy arising from spin fluctuations and demonstrate that the coupling of electrons to spin fluctuations gives an important contribution to the quasiparticle lifetime, but does not significantly reduce the occupied bandwidth. Including correlation effects beyond the random-phase approximation in the screening from charge fluctuations yields good agreement with experiment.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted to Phys. Rev. B (Rapid Communication)
title: Australia's Identified Mineral Resources 2022
Creators: name: A., Hughes
name: A., Hughes
name: A., Britt
name: J., Pheeney
name: D., Summerfield
name: A., Senior
name: A., Hitchman
name: A., Cross
name: M., Sexton
name: H., Colclough
name: J., Hill
Publisher: name: Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: GEOLOGY
subject: Mineral Resources
subject: Mineral Commodity
subject: Minerals Inventory
subject: Published_External

description: Australia's Identified Mineral Resources is an annual national assessment that takes a long-term view of Australian mineral resources likely to be available for mining. The assessment also includes evaluations of long-term trends in mineral resources, world rankings, summaries of significant exploration results and brief reviews of mining industry developments.
Non-Hermitian quantum system generated from two coupled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models
Creators: name: Cai, Wenhe
name: Cao, Sizheng
name: Ge, Xian-Hui
name: Matsumoto, Masataka
name: Sin, Sang-Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a non-Hermitian two coupled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model can provide thermodynamic structure equivalent to Hermitian two coupled SYK model. The energy spectrum, the entanglement degree of the ground states and the low energy effective action of this model are not influenced by the non-Hermiticity. The novel biorthogonal ground states demonstrates that two SYK sites, one of which can be in the ground state and the other in the Schwarzian excited state by tuning the non-Hermiticity. We find evidence that the free energy is independent of the non-Hermiticity.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures
Ehrenfest scheme for $P-V$ criticality of higher dimensional charged black holes, rotating black holes and Gauss-Bonnet AdS black holes
Creators: name: Mo, Jie-Xiong
name: Liu, Wen-Biao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To provide an analytic verification of the nature of phase transition at the critical point of $P-V$ criticality, the original expressions of Ehrenfest equations have been introduced directly. By treating the cosmological constant and its conjugate quantity as thermodynamic pressure and volume respectively, we carry out analytical check of classical Ehrenfest equations. To show that our approach is universal, we investigate not only higher-dimensional charged AdS black holes, but also rotating AdS black holes. Not only are the examples of Einstein gravity shown, but also the example of modified gravity is presented for Gauss-Bonnet AdS black holes. The specific heat at constant pressure $C_P$, the volume expansion coefficient $α$ and the isothermal compressibility coefficient $κ_T$ are found to diverge exactly at the critical point. It has been verified that both Ehrenfest equations hold at the critical point of $P-V$ criticality in the extended phase spaces of AdS black holes. So the nature of the critical point of $P-V$ criticality of AdS black holes has been demonstrated analytically to be a second-order phase transition. These results are consistent with the nature of liquid-gas phase transition at the critical point. In this sense, our research would deepen the understanding of the relations of AdS black holes and liquid-gas systems. Moreover, our successful approaches to introduce the original expressions of Erhenfest equations directly into black hole phase transition research demonstrate again that black hole thermodynamics is closely related to classical thermodynamics, which allows us to borrow techniques from classical thermodynamics to investigate the thermodynamics of black holes.
description: 12 pages
Ginzburg-Landau description of twin boundaries in noncentrosymmetric superconductors
Creators: name: Achermann, Michael
name: Neupert, Titus
name: Arahata, Emiko
name: Sigrist, Manfred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically a model for twin boundaries in superconductors with Rashba spin-orbit coupling, which can be relevant to both three-dimensional noncentrosymmetric tetragonal crystals and two-dimensional gated superconductors such as the LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ interface. In both cases, the broken inversion symmetry allows for a coexistence of singlet and triplet pairing. Within the framework of a Ginzburg-Landau theory, we identify two $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetries that are broken via two consecutive second order phase transitions as the temperature is lowered. We show that a time-reversal symmetry breaking superconducting state nucleates near the twin boundary if singlet and triplet pairing amplitudes are of comparable magnitude. As a consequence, the tendency towards ferromagnetic order is locally increased along with the emergence of spontaneous supercurrents parallel to the twin boundary. Spin currents, which are present in the form of Andreev bound states, are found enhanced in the time-reversal broken phases.
description: 8 pages; 3 figures
Interfacial adhesion between graphene and silicon dioxide by density functional theory with van der Waals corrections
Creators: name: Gao, Wei
name: Xiao, Penghao
name: Henkelman, Graeme
name: Liechti, Kenneth M.
name: Huang, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interfacial adhesion between graphene and a SiO2 substrate is studied by density functional theory (DFT) with dispersion corrections. The results demonstrate the van der Waals (vdW) interaction as the predominate mechanism for the graphene/SiO2 interface. It is found that the interaction strength is strongly influenced by changes of the SiO2 surface structures due to surface reactions with water. The adhesion energy is reduced when the reconstructed SiO2 surface is hydroxylated, and further reduced when covered by a monolayer of adsorbed water molecules. Thus, the effect of humidity may help explain the wide variation of adhesion energies measured in recent experiments between graphene and SiO2. Moreover, it is noted that vdW forces are required to accurately model the graphene/SiO2 interface with DFT and that the adhesion energy is underestimated by empirical force fields commonly used in atomistic simulations.
Optimal fidelity in implementing Grover's search algorithm on open quantum system
Creators: name: Chanda, Nilanjana
name: Bhattacharyya, Rangeet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the fidelity of Grover's search algorithm by implementing it on an open quantum system. In particular, we study with what accuracy one can estimate that the algorithm would deliver the searched state. In reality, every system has some influence of its environment. We include the environmental effects on the system dynamics by using a recently reported fluctuation-regulated quantum master equation (FRQME). The FRQME indicates that in addition to the regular relaxation due to system-environment coupling, the applied drive also causes dissipation in the system dynamics. As a result, the fidelity is found to depend on both the drive-induced dissipative terms and the relaxation terms and we find that there exists a competition between them, leading to an optimum value of the drive amplitude for which the fidelity becomes maximum. For efficient implementation of the search algorithm, precise knowledge of this optimum drive amplitude is essential.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Mechanics of fiber reinforced soft manipulators based on inhomogeneous Cosserat rod theory
Creators: name: Hanza, Sadegh Pourghasemi
name: Ghafarirad, Hamed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this study, an inhomogeneous Cosserat rod theory is introduced and compared to the conventional homogeneous rod for modeling soft manipulators. The inhomogeneity is addressed by considering the pressure actuation as part of the rod's constitutive laws, resulting in shifting the neutral axis. This shift is investigated for a soft manipulator with three parallel fiber-reinforced actuators. Furthermore, a fiber-reinforced actuator is modeled using nonlinear continuum mechanics to extract the effect of radial pressure on axial deformation and is combined with Cosserat model. Finally, several numerical methods are employed to solve the proposed model and validated by a series of experiments.
description: Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures (2023)
Low-Frequency Vibrational States in Ideal Glasses with Random Pinning
Creators: name: Shiraishi, Kumpei
name: Hara, Yusuke
name: Mizuno, Hideyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Glasses exhibit spatially localized vibrations in the low-frequency regime. These localized modes emerge below the boson peak frequency $ω_\text{BP}$, and their vibrational densities of state follow $g(ω) \propto ω^4$ ($ω$ is frequency). Here, we attempt to address how the localized vibrations behave through the ideal glass transition. To do this, we employ a random pinning method, which enables us to study the thermodynamic glass transition. We find that the localized vibrations survive even in equilibrium glass states. Remarkably, the localized vibrations still maintain the properties of appearance below $ω_\text{BP}$ and $g(ω) \propto ω^4$. Our results provide important insight into the material properties of ideal glasses.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Locally enhanced conductivity due to the tetragonal domain structure in LaAlO$_{3}$/SrTiO$_{3}$ heterointerfaces
Creators: name: Kalisky, Beena
name: Spanton, Eric M.
name: Noad, Hilary
name: Kirtley, John R.
name: Nowack, Katja C.
name: Bell, Christopher
name: Sato, Hiroki K.
name: Hosoda, Masayuki
name: Xie, Yanwu
name: Hikita, Yasuyuki
name: Woltmann, Carsten
name: Pfanzelt, Georg
name: Jany, Rainer
name: Richter, Christoph
name: Hwang, Harold Y.
name: Mannhart, Jochen
name: Moler, Kathryn A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to control materials properties through interface engineering is demonstrated by the appearance of conductivity at the interface of certain insulators, most famously the {001} interface of the band insulators LaAlO$_{3}$ and TiO$_{2}$-terminated SrTiO$_{3}$ (STO). Transport and other measurements in this system show a plethora of diverse physical phenomena. To better understand the interface conductivity, we used scanning superconducting quantum interference device microscopy to image the magnetic field locally generated by current in an interface. At low temperature, we found that the current flowed in conductive narrow paths oriented along the crystallographic axes, embedded in a less conductive background. The configuration of these paths changed on thermal cycling above the STO cubic-to-tetragonal structural transition temperature, implying that the local conductivity is strongly modified by the STO tetragonal domain structure. The interplay between substrate domains and the interface provides an additional mechanism for understanding and controlling the behaviour of heterostructures.
Gauge Invariant Derivation of Zeroth and First Laws of Black Hole Thermodynamics
Creators: name: Hajian, K.
name: Sheikh-Jabbari, M. M.
name: Tekin, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In gauge invariant theories, like Einstein-Maxwell theory, physical observables should be gauge invariant. In particular, mass, entropy, angular momentum, electric charge and their respective chemical potentials, temperature, horizon angular velocity and electric potential which appear in the laws of black hole thermodynamics should be gauge invariant. In the usual construction of the laws of black hole thermodynamics, gauge invariance of the intensive quantities is subtle; here we remedy this and provide a gauge invariant derivation and the proof of the zeroth and first laws of black hole thermodynamics.
description: 13 pages, no figures, to match the published version
Modeling Anisotropic Plasmon Excitations in Self-Assembled Fullerenes
Creators: name: Iurov, Andrii
name: Gumbs, Godfrey
name: Gao, Bo
name: Huang, Danhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The plasmon excitations in Coulomb-coupled spherical two-dimensional electron gases (S2DEGs) reveal an interesting dependence on the displacement vector between the centers of the spheres with respect to the axis of quantization for the angular momentum quantum number L. Specifically, plasmon modes for a bundle of three S2DEGs have been obtained within the random-phase approximation (RPA). The inter-sphere Coulomb interaction matrix elements and their symmetry properties were also investigated in detail. The case of a bundle gives an adequate picture of the way in which the Coulomb interaction depends on the orbital angular momentum quantum number L and its projection M. We concluded that the interaction between the S2DEGs aligned at an angle of 45o with the axis of quantization is negligible compared to the interaction along and perpendicular to the quantization axis, which are themselves unequal to each other. Consequently, the plasmon excitation frequencies reveal an interesting orientational anisotropic coupling to an external electromagnetic field probing the charge density oscillations. Our result on the spatial correlation may be experimentally observable. In this connection, there have already been some experimental reports pointing to a similar effect in nanoparticles
description: 7 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1309.7328
Electrically charged multi-field configurations
Creators: name: Bazeia, D.
name: Marques, M. A.
name: Paganelly, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we investigate the presence of electrically charged structures that are localized in two and three spatial dimensions. We use the Maxwell-scalar Lagrangian to describe several systems with distinct interactions for the scalar fields. The procedure relies on finding first order differential equations that solve the equations of motion and ensure stability of the corresponding minimum energy solutions. We illustrate the many possibilities in two and in three spatial dimensions, examining different examples of electrically charged solutions that engender internal structure
description: 13 pages, 20 figures
Meme Sentiment Analysis Enhanced with Multimodal Spatial Encoding and Facial Embedding
Creators: name: Hazman, Muzhaffar
name: McKeever, Susan
name: Griffith, Josephine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Internet memes are characterised by the interspersing of text amongst visual elements. State-of-the-art multimodal meme classifiers do not account for the relative positions of these elements across the two modalities, despite the latent meaning associated with where text and visual elements are placed. Against two meme sentiment classification datasets, we systematically show performance gains from incorporating the spatial position of visual objects, faces, and text clusters extracted from memes. In addition, we also present facial embedding as an impactful enhancement to image representation in a multimodal meme classifier. Finally, we show that incorporating this spatial information allows our fully automated approaches to outperform their corresponding baselines that rely on additional human validation of OCR-extracted text.
description: Published as chapter in ISBN:978-3-031-26438-2
Sudden quench of harmonically trapped mass-imbalanced fermions
Creators: name: Nandy, Dillip K.
name: Sowiński, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical properties of two-component mass-imbalanced few-fermion systems confined in a one-dimensional harmonic trap following a sudden quench of interactions are studied. It is assumed that initially the system is prepared in the non-interacting ground state and then, after a sudden quench of interactions, the unitary evolution is governed by interacting many-body Hamiltonian. By careful analysis of the evolution of the Loschmidt echo, density distributions of the components, and entanglement entropy between them, the role of mass imbalance and particle number imbalance on the system's evolution stability are investigated. All the quantities studied manifest a dramatic dependence on the number of heavy and lighter fermions in each component at a given quench strength. The results may have implications for upcoming experiments on fermionic mixtures with a well-defined and small number of particles.
Supplementary Material from Chicks produce consonant, sometimes jazzy, sounds
Creators: name: Maldarelli, Gianmarco
name: Dissegna, Andrea
name: Ravignani, Andrea
name: Chiandetti, Cinzia
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310901
subject: Animal behaviour

description: BiolLett_Maldarelli_et_al_Rev2Manuscript_TrackChanges.docx
Local Electrostatic Imaging of Striped Domain Order in LaAlO3/SrTiO3
Creators: name: Honig, Maayan
name: Sulpizio, Joseph A.
name: Drori, Jonathan
name: Joshua, Arjun
name: Zeldov, Eli
name: Ilani, Shahal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emerging field of complex oxide interfaces is generically built on one of the most celebrated substrates - strontium titanate (SrTiO3). This material hosts a range of phenomena, including ferroelasticity, incipient ferroelectricity, and most puzzlingly, contested giant piezoelectricity. Although these properties may markedly influence the oxide interfaces, especially on microscopic length scales, the lack of local probes capable of studying such buried systems has left their effects largely unexplored. Here we use a scanning charge detector - a nanotube single-electron transistor - to noninvasively image the electrostatic landscape and local mechanical response in the prototypical LaAlO3/SrTiO3 system with unprecedented sensitivity. Our measurements reveal that on microscopic scales SrTiO3 exhibits large anomalous piezoelectricity with curious spatial dependence. Through electrostatic imaging we unravel the microscopic origin for this extrinsic piezoelectricity, demonstrating its direct, quantitative connection to the motion of locally ordered tetragonal domains under applied gate voltage. These domains create striped potential modulations that can markedly influence the two-dimensional electron system at the conducting interface. Our results have broad implications to all complex oxide interfaces built on SrTiO3 and demonstrate the importance of microscopic structure to the physics of electrons at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface.
description: MH and JAS contributed equally to this work; supplementary information included
Habitable Zone Dependence on Stellar Parameter Uncertainties
Creators: name: Kane, Stephen R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An important property of exoplanetary systems is the extent of the Habitable Zone (HZ), defined as that region where water can exist in a liquid state on the surface of a planet with sufficient atmospheric pressure. Both ground and space-based observations have revealed a plethora of confirmed exoplanets and exoplanetary candidates, most notably from the Kepler mission using the transit detection technique. Many of these detected planets lie within the predicted HZ of their host star. However, as is the case with the derived properties of the planets themselves, the HZ boundaries depend on how well we understand the host star. Here we quantify the uncertainties of HZ boundaries on the parameter uncertainties of the host star. We examine the distribution of stellar parameter uncertainties from confirmed exoplanet hosts and Kepler candidate hosts and translate these into HZ boundary uncertainties. We apply this to several known systems with a HZ planet to determine the uncertainty in their HZ status.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Diffusion and velocity correlations of the phase transitions in a system of macroscopic rolling spheres
Creators: name: Reyes, F. Vega
name: Rodríguez-Rivas, A.
name: González-Saavedra, J. F.
name: López-Castaño, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an air-fluidized granular monolayer, composed of plastic spheres which roll on a metallic grid. The air current is adjusted so that the spheres never loose contact with the grid, so that the dynamics may be regarded as pseudo two-dimensional (or two-dimensional, if the effects of sphere rolling are not taken into account). We find two surprising continuous transitions, both of them displaying two coexisting phases. Moreover, in all cases, we found the coexisting phases display strong energy non-equipartition. In the first transition, at weak fludization, a glassy phase coexists with a disordered fluid-like phase. In the second transition, a hexagonal crystal coexists with the fluid phase. We analyze, for these two-phase systems, the specific diffusive properties of each phase, as well as the velocity correlations. Surprisingly, we find a glass phase at very low packing fraction and for a wide range of granular temperatures. Both phases are characterized also by a strong anti-correlated velocities upon collision. Thus, the dynamics observed for this quasi two-dimensional system unveils phase transitions with peculiar properties, very different from the predicted behavior in well know theories for their equilibrium counterparts.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures. To appear in Entropy (MDPI), 2022
Maldarelli_etal_ESM from Chicks produce consonant, sometimes jazzy, sounds
Creators: name: Maldarelli, Gianmarco
name: Dissegna, Andrea
name: Ravignani, Andrea
name: Chiandetti, Cinzia
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310901
subject: Animal behaviour

description: Supplementary Information
UNav: An Infrastructure-Independent Vision-Based Navigation System for People with Blindness and Low vision
Creators: name: Yang, Anbang
name: Beheshti, Mahya
name: Hudson, Todd E
name: Vedanthan, Rajesh
name: Riewpaiboon, Wachara
name: Mongkolwat, Pattanasak
name: Feng, Chen
name: Rizzo, John-Ross
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Vision-based localization approaches now underpin newly emerging navigation pipelines for myriad use cases from robotics to assistive technologies. Compared to sensor-based solutions, vision-based localization does not require pre-installed sensor infrastructure, which is costly, time-consuming, and/or often infeasible at scale. Herein, we propose a novel vision-based localization pipeline for a specific use case: navigation support for end-users with blindness and low vision. Given a query image taken by an end-user on a mobile application, the pipeline leverages a visual place recognition (VPR) algorithm to find similar images in a reference image database of the target space. The geolocations of these similar images are utilized in downstream tasks that employ a weighted-average method to estimate the end-user's location and a perspective-n-point (PnP) algorithm to estimate the end-user's direction. Additionally, this system implements Dijkstra's algorithm to calculate a shortest path based on a navigable map that includes trip origin and destination. The topometric map used for localization and navigation is built using a customized graphical user interface that projects a 3D reconstructed sparse map, built from a sequence of images, to the corresponding a priori 2D floor plan. Sequential images used for map construction can be collected in a pre-mapping step or scavenged through public databases/citizen science. The end-to-end system can be installed on any internet-accessible device with a camera that hosts a custom mobile application. For evaluation purposes, mapping and localization were tested in a complex hospital environment. The evaluation results demonstrate that our system can achieve localization with an average error of less than 1 meter without knowledge of the camera's intrinsic parameters, such as focal length.
Bubble size distribution and electrode coverage at porous nickel electrodes in a novel 3-electrode flow-through cell
Creators: name: Rox, Hannes
name: Bashkatov, Aleksandr
name: Yang, Xuegeng
name: Loos, Stefan
name: Mutschke, Gerd
name: Gerbeth, Gunter
name: Eckert, Kerstin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel 3-electrode cell type is introduced to run parametrical studies of H$_2$ evolution in an alkaline electrolyte on porous electrodes. Electrochemical methods combined with a high-speed optical measurement system are applied simultaneously to characterize the electrodes and the bubble dynamics in terms of bubble size distribution and coverage of the working electrode. Three different cathodes made of expanded nickel are investigated at applied current densities of |j| = 10 to 200 mA cm$^{-2}$ without forced flow and at a flow rate of 5 ml min$^{-1}$. The applied current density is found to significantly influence both the size of detached bubbles and the surface coverage of the working electrode. The forced flow through the cathodes is found to strongly reduce the bubble size up to current densities of about 100 mA cm$^{-2}$, whereas the initial transient until the cathode surface is completely covered by bubbles is only marginally affected by the flow-through.
description: Accepted in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 20 pages, 14 figures
Vibrational, non-adiabatic and isotopic effects in the dynamics of the H$_2$ + H$_2^+$ $\rightarrow$ H$_3^+$ + H reaction: application to plasma modeling
Creators: name: del Mazo-Sevillano, P.
name: Félix-González, D.
name: Aguado, A.
name: Sanz-Sanz, C.
name: Kwon, D. -H.
name: Roncero, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The title reaction is studied using a quasi-classical trajectory method for collision energies between 0.1 meV and 10 eV, considering the vibrational excitation of H$_2^+$ reactant. A new potential energy surface is developed based on a Neural Network many body correction of a triatomics-in-molecules potential, which significantly improves the accuracy of the potential up to energies of 17 eV, higher than in other previous fits.The effect of the fit accuracy and the non-adiabatic transitions on the dynamics are analyzed in detail.The reaction cross section for collision energies above 1 eV increases significantly with the increasing of the vibrational excitation of H$_2^+$($v'$), for values up to $v'$=6. The total reaction cross section (including the double fragmentation channel) obtained for $v'$=6 matches the new experimental results obtained by Savic, Schlemmer and Gerlich [Chem. Phys. Chem. 21 (13), 1429.1435(2020)]. The differences among several experimental setups, for collision energies above 1 eV, showing cross sections scattered/dispersed over a rather wide interval, can be explained by the differences in the vibrational excitations obtained in the formation of H$_2^+$ reactants. On the contrary, for collision energies below 1 eV, the cross section is determined by the long range behavior of the potential and do not depend strongly on the vibrational state of H$_2^+$. In addition in this study, the calculated reaction cross sections are used in a plasma model and compared with previous results. We conclude that the efficiency of the formation of H$_3^+$ in the plasma is affected by the potential energy surface used.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures
A Generalization of Gauge Symmetry, Fourth-Order Gauge Field Equations and Accelerated Cosmic-Expansion
Creators: name: Hsu, Jong-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generalization of the usual gauge symmetry leads to fourth-order gauge field equations, which imply a new constant force independent of distances. The force associated with the new $U_1$ gauge symmetry is repulsive among baryons. Such a constant force based on baryon charge conservation gives a field-theoretic understanding of the accelerated cosmic-expansion in the observable portion of the universe dominated by baryon galaxies. In consistent with all conservation laws and known forces, a simple rotating `dumbbell model' of the universe is briefly discussed.
description: 15 pages, to be published in Modern Physics Letters A, 29 (2014)
Anisotropic flows of charmonium in the relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Li, Chenyu
name: Chen, Baoyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review recent studies about anisotropic flows ($v_1, v_2, v_3$) of charmonium in the quark-gluon plasma produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Collective flows of the bulk medium are developed due to the anisotropic pressure gradient of the medium. Strongly coupled with the bulk medium, charm quarks carry collective flows from the expanding medium, which will be inherited by the regenerated charmonium via the coalescence process. In event-by-event collisions where nucleon positions fluctuate from the smooth distribution, there is triangularity in the medium initial energy density. Triangular flows of the bulk medium and heavy flavor particles can be developed due to the initial fluctuations. In the longitudinal direction, the rapidity-odd distribution of the initial energy density is induced by the rotation of the medium in non-central heavy-ion collisions. Charmonium suffers biased dissociation along positive and negative $x$-directions in forward (backward) rapidity. The directed flow of charmonium becomes non-zero. The directed, elliptic and triangular flows ($v_1, v_2, v_3$) of charmonium come from the anisotropic initial distributions of the medium energy density in the transverse and longitudinal directions.
description: 12pages, 10 figures
Cross-validation of correlation networks using modular structure
Creators: name: Neuman, Magnus
name: Jonsson, Viktor
name: Calatayud, Joaquín
name: Rosvall, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Correlation networks derived from multivariate data appear in many applications across the sciences. These networks are usually dense and require sparsification to detect meaningful structure. However, current methods for sparsifying correlation networks struggle with balancing overfitting and underfitting. We propose a module-based cross-validation procedure to threshold these networks, making modular structure an integral part of the thresholding. We illustrate our approach using synthetic and real data and find that its ability to recover a planted partition has a step-like dependence on the number of data samples. The reward for sampling more varies non-linearly with the number of samples, with minimal gains after a critical point. A comparison with the well-established WGCNA method shows that our approach allows for revealing more modular structure in the data used here.