cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Rice Procurement Program and the Determinants of the Farm Level Stocks of Rice in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Alam, Mohammad
name: Akter, Shaheen
name: Begum, Ismat
name: Alam, Mohammad
name: Akter, Shaheen
name: Begum, Ismat
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Domestic rice procurement program serves the dual purposes of building rice stocks for the public food grain distribution system and of providing income support to farmers. Government of Bangladesh provides a support price higher than the cost of production. However, we examine the effectiveness of rice procurement program and analyse the factors influencing farm level rice stocks, to understand the household level food security. In doing so, we use Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2010 data, historical and field survey data. We find that government stock and market price were negatively correlated with domestic procurement but the planned distribution was positive correlated with it. Results also show that annual household income including farm income increased dueii to procurement program. Moreover, stocks at the farm level vary positively with respect to own price but negatively with respect to consumer price of coarse rice. Keywords: Rice procurement program, farm level stock, effectiveness, Bangladesh
SAFA: a Semi-Asynchronous Protocol for Fast Federated Learning with Low Overhead
Creators: name: Wu, Wentai
name: He, Ligang
name: Lin, Weiwei
name: Mao, Rui
name: Maple, Carsten
name: Jarvis, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Federated learning (FL) has attracted increasing attention as a promising approach to driving a vast number of end devices with artificial intelligence. However, it is very challenging to guarantee the efficiency of FL considering the unreliable nature of end devices while the cost of device-server communication cannot be neglected. In this paper, we propose SAFA, a semi-asynchronous FL protocol, to address the problems in federated learning such as low round efficiency and poor convergence rate in extreme conditions (e.g., clients dropping offline frequently). We introduce novel designs in the steps of model distribution, client selection and global aggregation to mitigate the impacts of stragglers, crashes and model staleness in order to boost efficiency and improve the quality of the global model. We have conducted extensive experiments with typical machine learning tasks. The results demonstrate that the proposed protocol is effective in terms of shortening federated round duration, reducing local resource wastage, and improving the accuracy of the global model at an acceptable communication cost.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures
MOESM2 of Canadian in-hospital mortality for patients with emergency-sensitive conditions: a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Berthelot, Simon
name: Lang, Eddy
name: Hude Quan
name: Stelfox, Henry
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. List of the Diagnosis Groups (nâ =â 37) of the International Classification of Diseases (10th version) included in the ED-HSMR
Equilibrium Displacement Model for Fertilizer Sector of Pakistan
Creators: name: Ali, Mubarik
name: Ahmed, Faryal
name: Channa, Hira
name: Davies, Stephen
name: Ali, Mubarik
name: Ahmed, Faryal
name: Channa, Hira
name: Davies, Stephen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Urea
subject: DAP
subject: fertilizer use
subject: Gas subsidy
subject: distribution subsidy
subject: policy intervention
subject: legal framework
subject: Equilibrium Displacement Model
subject: farmers
subject: processors

description: The current regulatory framework for the fertilizer sector in Pakistan is based upon a huge subsidy on urea processing and use, control on entry through a monopolistic gas supply and tight regulation on distribution, and promotion of urea at the cost of other nutrients. This setting is not sustainable because it has created a huge burden on the exchequer, inefficiency in fertilizer use, un-competitiveness in international markets, and abnormal profits to the industry without much benefit to farmers. This study first explains the existing regulatory framework and quantifies its impact, and then uses an Equilibrium Displacement Model (EDM) to estimate the impact of policy reform on multi-commodities and multi-stakeholder markets. Simulations of several policy options suggests that, under certain scenarios, the abnormal profit of processors can be squeezed, farmers’ profit enhanced, and the burden on exchequer can be reduced without much impact on productivity if free trade is allowed.
Single Photon Emission from a Plasmonic Light Source Driven by a Local Field-Induced Coulomb Blockade
Creators: name: Leon, Christopher C.
name: Gunnarsson, Olle
name: de Oteyza, Dimas G.
name: Rosławska, Anna
name: Merino, Pablo
name: Grewal, Abhishek
name: Kuhnke, Klaus
name: Kern, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A hallmark of quantum control is the ability to manipulate quantum emission at the nanoscale. Through scanning tunneling microscopy induced luminescence (STML) we are able to generate plasmonic light originating from inelastic tunneling processes that occur in a few-nanometer thick molecular film of C$_{60}$ deposited on Ag(111). Single photon emission, not of excitonic origin, occurs with a 1/$e$ lifetime of a tenth of a nanosecond or less, as shown through Hanbury Brown and Twiss photon intensity interferometry. We have performed tight-binding calculations of the electronic structure for the combined Ag-C$_{60}$-tip system and obtained good agreement with experiment. The tunneling happens through electric field induced split-off states below the C$_{60}$ LUMO band, which leads to a Coulomb blockade effect and single photon emission. The use of split-off states is shown to be a general technique that has special relevance for narrowband materials with a large bandgap.
Intersite coupling effects in a Kondo lattice
Creators: name: Nakatsuji, S.
name: Yeo, S.
name: Balicas, L.
name: Fisk, Z.
name: Schlottmann, P.
name: Pagliuso, P. G.
name: Moreno, N. O.
name: Sarrao, J. L.
name: Thompson, J. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The La dilution of the Kondo lattice CeCoIn_5 is studied. The scaling laws found for the magnetic susceptibility and the specific heat reveal two well-separated energy scales, corresponding to the single impurity Kondo temperature T_K and an intersite spin-liquid temperature T^*. The Ce-dilute alloy has the expected Fermi liquid ground state, while the specific heat and resistivity in the dense Kondo regime exhibit non-Fermi-liquid behavior, which scales with T^*. These observations indicate that the screening of the magnetic moments in the lattice involves antiferromagnetic intersite correlations with a larger energy scale in comparison with the Kondo impurity case.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Running Dark Energy and Dark Matter from Dynamical Spacetime
Creators: name: Banerjee, Shreya
name: Benisty, David
name: Guendelman, Eduardo I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Running Dark Energy and Dark Matter models are candidates to resolve the Hubble constant tension. However the model does not consider a Lagrangian formulation directly. In this paper we formulate an action principle where the Running Vacuum Model (RVM) is obtained from an action principle, with a scalar field model for the whole dark components. The Dynamical Spacetime vector field $χ_μ$ is a Lagrange multiplier that forces the kinetic term of the scalar field to behave as the modified dark matter. When we replace the vector field by a derivative of a scalar the model predicts diffusion interactions between the dark components with a different correspondence to the RVM. We test the models with the Cosmic Chronometers, Type Ia Supernova, Quasars, Gamma ray Bursts and the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations data sets. We find that $Λ$CDM is still the best model. However this formulation suggests an action principle for the $Λ$CDM, the RVM model and other extensions.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, modified version
Pristomerus belorus Gauld 2000
Creators: name: González-Moreno, Alejandra
name: Bordera, Santiago
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Pristomerus
Pristomerus belorus

description: Pristomerus belorus Gauld 2000
 Distribution. Neotropical (Costa Rica).
 Habitat. Savannah.
 Phenology. July.
 Studied material. MEXICO. Yucatán State, Ria Lagartos Biosphere Reserve, Ría lagartos Station, Core II: 08–22.VII.2009, 1 ♀ (CCBA).
description: Published as part of González-Moreno, Alejandra & Bordera, Santiago, 2011, New records of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) from Mexico, pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 2879 (1) on page 7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2879.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5285972
Predicting the effect of statins on cancer risk using genetic variants from a Mendelian randomization study in the UK Biobank
Creators: name: Carter, Paul
name: Vithayathil, Mathew
name: Kar, Siddhartha
name: Potluri, Rahul
name: Mason, Amy M
name: Larsson, Susanna C
name: Burgess, Stephen
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Cell Biology
Chromosomes and Gene Expression
genetic epidemiology
statins
lipids
causal inference
Mendelian randomization
cholesterol
Human

description: Funder: National Institute for Health Research; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000272
description: Laboratory studies have suggested oncogenic roles of lipids, as well as anticarcinogenic effects of statins. Here we assess the potential effect of statin therapy on cancer risk using evidence from human genetics. We obtained associations of lipid-related genetic variants with the risk of overall and 22 site-specific cancers for 367,703 individuals in the UK Biobank. In total, 75,037 individuals had a cancer event. Variants in the HMGCR gene region, which represent proxies for statin treatment, were associated with overall cancer risk (odds ratio [OR] per one standard deviation decrease in low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65–0.88, p=0.0003) but variants in gene regions representing alternative lipid-lowering treatment targets (PCSK9, LDLR, NPC1L1, APOC3, LPL) were not. Genetically predicted LDL-cholesterol was not associated with overall cancer risk (OR per standard deviation increase 1.01, 95% CI 0.98–1.05, p=0.50). Our results predict that statins reduce cancer risk but other lipid-lowering treatments do not. This suggests that statins reduce cancer risk through a cholesterol independent pathway.
Search for lepton-flavor violation in e+p collisions at HERA
Creators: name: ZEUS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search has been made for lepton-flavor-violating interactions, e+ p -> mu/tau X, at a center-of-mass energy of 300 GeV with an integrated luminosity of 47.7 pb^-1 using the ZEUS detector at HERA. No evidence was found for lepton-flavor violation and constraints were derived on leptoquarks that could mediate such interactions. Some of the constraints are also applicable to lepton-flavor-violating processes mediated by squarks in R-parity-violating supersymmetric models. In some cases involving heavy quarks and especially for the tau channel, the ZEUS constraints are the most stringent published to date.
description: 36 pages, 7 figures, to be submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Sorghum Silage to Sustain Dairy Industry in the Texas High Plains under Declining Aquifer
Creators: name: Almas, Lal
name: Guerrero, Bridget
name: Lust, David
name: Almas, Lal
name: Guerrero, Bridget
name: Lust, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Economic analysis of sorghum silage potential for the growing dairy industry was conducted and identified yield effect, water saved, feed requirement, acreage and production cost. More acreage, irrigation water and feed will be needed if sorghum silage is used to replace corn silage unless dryland sorghum silage yield is improved.
MOESM2 of RNA 3D structure prediction guided by independent folding of homologous sequences
Creators: name: Magnus, Marcin
name: Kalli Kappel
name: Rhiju Das
name: Bujnicki, Janusz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2: The analysis was performed also for various combinations of sequences of homologs (related to Fig. 6). The results of an analysis of core RMSD of all possible combinations of five input sequences of homologs for all 8 RNA families investigated in this work: Adenine riboswitch (Ade), c-di-GMP riboswitch (GMP), TPP riboswitch (TPP), THF riboswitch (THF), tRNA, RNA-Puzzle 13 (RP13), RNA-Puzzle 14 (RP14), RNA-Puzzle 17 (RP17). This analysis was performed with the evox_all_variants.py from the EvoClustRNA package. Each sequence of homologs was ordered from 1 to 3. A mode “h1” means models of the first homolog and the target sequence used for clustering, “h2” means models of the second homolog and the target sequence. “h234” means that models of three homologs were considered during clustering, the second homolog, third and fourth. For each variant 5 top clusters are shown and the first cluster is marked with a black dot. The first panel combines the results for SimRNA and Rosetta, the second panel shows the results for SimRNA and the third only for Rosetta.
Herbal microsponge enriched topical emulgel formulation for accelerated wound healing
Creators: name: Saini, Sapna
name: Dhiman, Anju
name: Saini, Rajesh
name: Nanda, Sanju
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biophysics
Space Science
Medicine
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: The development of a novel drug delivery system containing bioactive compounds for wound healing sounds intriguing offers and exciting opportunities to improve patient outcomes and overcome the limitations of conventional treatments. The present study aimed to develop a novel microsponge (MS) based drug delivery system that is capable of releasing the entrapped Piper betle leaf hydroalcoholic (PBHA) extract and enhances the deposition of active constituents onto the injured area. Microsponges of lyophilized PBHA were prepared by solvent evaporation method by optimizing the concentration of independent variables; ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and dichloromethane and their effect on entrapment efficiency and particle size have been reported. The drug excipient incompatibility was assessed using FTIR, DSC, and XRD studies. The optimized batch formulation of microsponges was found to be smooth, multiporous and spherical particles with particle size 750.68 nm and 87.74% entrapment efficiency. They were further incorporated in emulgel prepared using hen egg oil for easy application on to incised wound surface of Wistar rats. The prepared emulgel was found to be homogenous, smooth textured (viscosity; 0.3897 ± 0.65 cps), with good spreadability (39.6 ± 1.07 g cm/sec and stable in nature having zeta potential; −22.6 mv. The in-vitro drug release (24 h) from emulgel showed a maximum regression value of 0.991 for the Higuchi model, signifying the diffusion controlled and time dependent release. Various parameters studied in the incision wound model such as hydroxyproline content and wound breaking strength showed remarkable wound healing potential of the prepared emulgel.
Higher-order and fractional discrete time crystals in clean long-range interacting systems
Creators: name: Pizzi, Andrea
name: Knolle, Johannes
name: Nunnenkamp, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Discrete time crystals are periodically driven systems characterized by a response with periodicity $nT$, with $T$ the period of the drive and $n>1$. Typically, $n$ is an integer and bounded from above by the dimension of the local (or single particle) Hilbert space, the most prominent example being spin-$1/2$ systems with $n$ restricted to $2$. Here we show that a clean spin-$1/2$ system in the presence of long-range interactions and transverse field can sustain a huge variety of different `higher-order' discrete time crystals with integer and, surprisingly, even fractional $n > 2$. We characterize these (arguably prethermal) non-equilibrium phases of matter thoroughly using a combination of exact diagonalization, semiclassical methods, and spin-wave approximations, which enable us to establish their stability in the presence of competing long- and short-range interactions. Remarkably, these phases emerge in a model with continous driving and time-independent interactions, convenient for experimental implementations with ultracold atoms or trapped ions.
description: 6+6 pages, 4+2 figures
Energy transfer in two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic turbulence: formalism and numerical results
Creators: name: Dar, Gaurav
name: Verma, Mahendra K.
name: Eswaran, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The basic entity of nonlinear interaction in Navier-Stokes and the Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations is a wavenumber triad ({\bf k,p,q}) satisfying ${\bf k+p+q=0}$. The expression for the combined energy transfer from two of these wavenumbers to the third wavenumber is known. In this paper we introduce the idea of an effective energy transfer between a pair of modes by the mediation of the third mode, and find an expression for it. Then we apply this formalism to compute the energy transfer in the quasi-steady-state of two-dimensional MHD turbulence with large-scale kinetic forcing. The computation of energy fluxes and the energy transfer between different wavenumber shells is done using the data generated by the pseudo-spectral direct numerical simulation. The picture of energy flux that emerges is quite complex---there is a forward cascade of magnetic energy, an inverse cascade of kinetic energy, a flux of energy from the kinetic to the magnetic field, and a reverse flux which transfers the energy back to the kinetic from the magnetic. The energy transfer between different wavenumber shells is also complex---local and nonlocal transfers often possess opposing features, i.e., energy transfer between some wavenumber shells occurs from kinetic to magnetic, and between other wavenumber shells this transfer is reversed. The net transfer of energy is from kinetic to magnetic. The results obtained from the studies of flux and shell-to-shell energy transfer are consistent with each other.
description: 27 pages REVTEX; 14 ps figures
Pristomerus cinxus Gauld 2000
Creators: name: González-Moreno, Alejandra
name: Bordera, Santiago
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Pristomerus
Pristomerus cinxus

description: Pristomerus cinxus Gauld 2000
 Distribution. Neotropical (Costa Rica).
 Habitat. Savannah.
 Phenology. February, April.
 Studied material. MEXICO. Yucatán State, Ria Lagartos Biosphere Reserve, Ría lagartos Station, Post 024: 04–18.II.2009, 1 ♀ (CCBA); 18.III–01.IV.2009, 1 ♀ (CEUA).
description: Published as part of González-Moreno, Alejandra & Bordera, Santiago, 2011, New records of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) from Mexico, pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 2879 (1) on page 7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2879.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5285972
Computationally Efficient Optic Nerve Head Detection in Retinal Fundus Images
Creators: name: Pourreza-Shahri, Reza
name: Tavakoli, Meysam
name: Kehtarnavaz, Nasser
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents a computationally efficient method for the detection of optic nerve head in both color fundus and fluorescein angiography images. It involves a combination of Radon transformation and multi-overlapping windows within an optimization framework in order to achieve a robust detection in the presence of various structural, color, and intensity variations in such images. Three databases have been examined and it is shown that the introduced method provides high detection rates while achieving faster proceeding rates than the existing algorithms that possess comparable detection rates.
description: 63-73
The role of trade policies, multinationals, shipping modes and product differentiation in global value chains for bananas. The case of Cameroon
Creators: name: Anania, Giovanni
name: Anania, Giovanni
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The first part of the paper discusses changes which occurred in the world market for bananas in recent years. These changes include successive modifications of the EU import regime for bananas (the EU is the single largest importer of bananas, with 1/4 of the world market), innovations in sea shipment modes, increased concentration of the retail sector and the expansion of the demand in developed countries for environment-friendly and Fair Trade bananas. The implications of these changes for the distribution of the value among the actors at the different links of the global chain for bananas are discussed in details. The second part of the paper focuses on banana exports from Cameroon, a value chain representative of ‘traditional’ chains where large multinationals maintain a central role. First this chain is analyzed in detail, then a simple model representing its main characteristics is developed and expected effects of changes in key factors such as production and transportation technologies and fiscal and trade policies, derived.
Development prospects and stability limits of the mid-IR Kerr-lens mode-locked lasers
Creators: name: Kalashnikov, V. L.
name: Sorokin, E.
name: Sorokina, I. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kerr-lens mode locking ability and the ultrashort pulse characteristics are analyzed numerically for the Cr-doped ZnTe, ZnSe, ZnS active media. The advantages of these materials for the femtosecond lasing within 2 - 3 $μ$m spectral range are demonstrated.
description: LaTeX2e, 13 pages, 10 figs; expanded and corrected version
Variational Autoencoders for Cancer Data Integration: Design Principles and Computational Practice
Creators: name: Simidjievski, Nikola
name: Bodnar, Cristian
name: Tariq, Ifrah
name: Scherer, Paul
name: Andres Terre, Helena
name: Shams, Zohreh
name: Jamnik, Mateja
name: Liò, Pietro
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: machine learning
subject: cancer–breast cancer
subject: variational autoencoder
subject: deep learning
subject: integrative data analyses
subject: artificial intelligence
subject: bioinformactics
subject: multi-omic analysis

description: International initiatives such as the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium are collecting multiple data sets at different genome-scales with the aim to identify novel cancer bio-markers and predict patient survival. To analyze such data, several machine learning, bioinformatics, and statistical methods have been applied, among them neural networks such as autoencoders. Although these models provide a good statistical learning framework to analyze multi-omic and/or clinical data, there is a distinct lack of work on how to integrate diverse patient data and identify the optimal design best suited to the available data.In this paper, we investigate several autoencoder architectures that integrate a variety of cancer patient data types (e.g., multi-omics and clinical data). We perform extensive analyses of these approaches and provide a clear methodological and computational framework for designing systems that enable clinicians to investigate cancer traits and translate the results into clinical applications. We demonstrate how these networks can be designed, built, and, in particular, applied to tasks of integrative analyses of heterogeneous breast cancer data. The results show that these approaches yield relevant data representations that, in turn, lead to accurate and stable diagnosis.
Characterizing Rural Landscapes and Communities through Integrated Information: An Application to Yemen
Creators: name: Andam, Kwaw
name: Ahmed, Hanane
name: Richey, Jeffrey
name: Bruns, Bryan
name: Al-Wadaey, Ahmed
name: Andam, Kwaw
name: Ahmed, Hanane
name: Richey, Jeffrey
name: Bruns, Bryan
name: Al-Wadaey, Ahmed
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: Rural development planning in Yemen suffers from a lack of integrated analysis and monitoring to combine natural resource and land use indicators with socioeconomic data. This paper takes a first step in this direction by undertaking an integrated assessment of the constraints and opportunities for agricultural development in rural areas. The analysis includes an assessment of the biophysical environment in a selected study site; a description of rural livelihoods based on household data; and an assessment of rural institutions. Taken together, the findings yield a coherent assessment that water scarcity is the main constraint facing rural development in Yemen’s rain-fed highlands; that this key constraint is further exacerbated by changes in the social structure and livelihood strategies of households such as seasonal male migration; however, lastly, we find that rural institutions offer a strong mechanism for participatory development that could support natural resource management and rural development.
Neural Processes Underlying Tool Use in Humans, Macaques, and Corvids
Creators: name: Cabrera-Álvarez, María J.
name: Clayton, Nicola S.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: tool use
subject: neural mechanisms
subject: neural network
subject: causal reasoning
subject: macaques
subject: corvids

description: It was thought that tool use in animals is an adaptive specialization. Recent studies, however, have shown that some non-tool-users, such as rooks and jays, can use and manufacture tools in laboratory settings. Despite the abundant evidence of tool use in corvids, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying tool use in this family of birds. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the neural processes underlying tool use in humans, macaques and corvids. We suggest a possible neural network for tool use in macaques and hope this might inspire research to discover a similar brain network in corvids. We hope to establish a framework to elucidate the neural mechanisms that supported the convergent evolution of tool use in birds and mammals.
Combining experiments and relativistic theory for establishing accurate radiative quantities in atoms: the lifetime of the $^2$P$_{3/2}$ state in $^{40}$Ca$^+$
Creators: name: Meir, Ziv
name: Sinhal, Mudit
name: Safronova, Marianna S.
name: Willitsch, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a precise determination of the lifetime of the (4p)$^2$P$_{3/2}$ state of $^{40}$Ca$^+$, $τ_{\textrm{P}_{3/2}}=6.639(42)$ ns, using a combination of measurements of the induced light shift and scattering rate on a single trapped ion. Good agreement with the result of a recent high-level theoretical calculation, $6.69(6)$ ns [Safronova et al., PRA 83, 012503 (2011)], but a 6-$σ$ discrepancy with the most precise previous experimental value, $6.924(19)$ ns [Jin et al., PRL 70, 3213 (1993)] is found. To corroborate the consistency and accuracy of the new measurements, relativistically corrected ratios of reduced-dipole-matrix elements are used to directly compare our result with a recent result for the P$_{1/2}$ state, yielding a good agreement. The application of the present method to precise determinations of radiative quantities of molecular systems is discussed.
Genotype Diversity of Mycobacterium bovis and Pathology of Bovine Tuberculosis in Selected Emerging Dairy Regions of Ethiopia
Creators: name: Mekonnen, Getnet Abie
name: Mihret, Adane
name: Tamiru, Mekdes
name: Hailu, Elena
name: Olani, Abebe
name: Aliy, Abde
name: Sombo, Melaku
name: Lakew, Matios
name: Gumi, Balako
name: Ameni, Gobena
name: Wood, James L. N.
name: Berg, Stefan
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Veterinary Science
Mycobacterium bovis
spoligotype
cattle
Ethiopia
lesion distribution

description: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is endemic in Ethiopia with higher prevalence in cattle, particularly in the central parts. Spread of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) to wider regions is inevitable in uncontrolled conditions. This study was conducted to explore the pathology, characterize M. bovis strains, and describe genotypic diversity to demonstrate possible epidemiological links in emerging dairy areas of Ethiopia, namely, Mekelle and Gondar. Twenty-seven bTB positive cattle identified by the Single Intradermal Comparative Cervical Tuberculin (SICCT) test were subjected to post-mortem inspection to determine lesion distribution and pathological score. Samples from tissues with visible tuberculous or suspected non-visible lesions were processed and cultured following a standard protocol. Isolates identified as M. bovis by Region of Difference (RD)-based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were also spoligotyped to determine their spoligotype patterns. Post-mortem inspection of visceral organs indicated bTB suggestive lesions in 41% of the animals, with 25% being in the lungs. Lymph nodes from 77% of the animals had lesions. Fifty-five isolates identified from 24 of the slaughtered animals were confirmed as M. bovis. No other mycobacterial species were isolated. Spoligotyping classified strains from 21 of these animals into seven spoligotype patterns: SB0133, SB0134, SB1176, SB2233, SB2290, SB2467, and SB2520. More than one spoligotype were identified from five of these animals, and none of the last four spoligotypes had been reported in Ethiopia before. SB0134 was the most predominant type (47%) followed by SB0133 (25.5%). SB0133, SB2290, SB2467, and SB1176 are spoligotypes lacking spacers 3–7, characteristics of M. bovis strains of the African 2 (Af2) clonal complex, while SB0134, SB2233, and SB2520 do not belong to any of the established clonal complexes and likely to have a different evolutionary history. Despite a small sample size, the present study showed strain diversity with multiple genotypes identified in a single herd and even within a single animal, and the genotypes showed no sign of geographical localization, which could be a consequence of significant movement of bTB diseased cattle around the country, spreading the disease. Therefore, any future control programme of bTB in Ethiopia needs to address the risks of cattle movement.
Wigner Crystallization of a two dimensional electron gas in a magnetic field: single electrons versus electron pairs at the lattice sites
Creators: name: Taut, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground state energy and the lowest excitations of a two dimensional Wigner crystal in a perpendicular magnetic field with one and two electrons per cell is investigated. In case of two electrons per lattice site, the interaction of the electrons {\em within} each cell is taken into account exactly (including exchange and correlation effects), and the interaction {\em between} the cells is in second order (dipole) van der Waals approximation. No further approximations are made, in particular Landau level mixing and {\em in}complete spin polarization are accounted for. Therefore, our calculation comprises a, roughly speaking, complementary description of the bubble phase (in the special case of one and two electrons per bubble), which was proposed by Koulakov, Fogler and Shklovskii on the basis of a Hartree Fock calculation. The phase diagram shows that in GaAs the paired phase is energetically more favorable than the single electron phase for, roughly speaking, filling factor $f$ larger than 0.3 and density parameter $r_s$ smaller than 19 effective Bohr radii (for a more precise statement see Fig.s 4 and 5). If we start within the paired phase and increase magnetic field or decrease density, the pairs first undergo some singlet- triplet transitions before they break.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Pristomerus eiphasos Gauld 2000
Creators: name: González-Moreno, Alejandra
name: Bordera, Santiago
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Pristomerus
Pristomerus eiphasos

description: Pristomerus eiphasos Gauld 2000
 Distribution. Neotropical (Costa Rica).
 Habitat. Savannah.
 Phenology. February, August.
 Studied material. MEXICO. Yucatán State, Ria Lagartos Biosphere Reserve, Ría lagartos Station, Post 024: 04–18.II.2009, 1 ♀ (CCBA); 27.VII–06.VIII.2009, 1 ♀ (CEUA).
description: Published as part of González-Moreno, Alejandra & Bordera, Santiago, 2011, New records of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) from Mexico, pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 2879 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2879.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5285972
JRDB: A Dataset and Benchmark of Egocentric Robot Visual Perception of Humans in Built Environments
Creators: name: Martín-Martín, Roberto
name: Patel, Mihir
name: Rezatofighi, Hamid
name: Shenoi, Abhijeet
name: Gwak, JunYoung
name: Frankel, Eric
name: Sadeghian, Amir
name: Savarese, Silvio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present JRDB, a novel egocentric dataset collected from our social mobile manipulator JackRabbot. The dataset includes 64 minutes of annotated multimodal sensor data including stereo cylindrical 360$^\circ$ RGB video at 15 fps, 3D point clouds from two Velodyne 16 Lidars, line 3D point clouds from two Sick Lidars, audio signal, RGB-D video at 30 fps, 360$^\circ$ spherical image from a fisheye camera and encoder values from the robot's wheels. Our dataset incorporates data from traditionally underrepresented scenes such as indoor environments and pedestrian areas, all from the ego-perspective of the robot, both stationary and navigating. The dataset has been annotated with over 2.3 million bounding boxes spread over 5 individual cameras and 1.8 million associated 3D cuboids around all people in the scenes totaling over 3500 time consistent trajectories. Together with our dataset and the annotations, we launch a benchmark and metrics for 2D and 3D person detection and tracking. With this dataset, which we plan on extending with further types of annotation in the future, we hope to provide a new source of data and a test-bench for research in the areas of egocentric robot vision, autonomous navigation, and all perceptual tasks around social robotics in human environments.
MOESM1 of Does capitation affect patient satisfaction and prevalence of out-of-pocket payments in the insured? A propensity score analysis of Ghanaâ s demographic and health survey data
Creators: name: Siita, Shafiq
name: Cox, Sharon
name: Hanson, Kara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Tables S1 â S5.
Brain-to-Brain Coupling in the Gamma-Band as a Marker of Shared Intentionality
Creators: name: Barraza, Paulo
name: Pérez, Alejandro
name: Rodríguez, Eugenio
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Neuroscience
cooperation
hyperscanning
EEG
gamma
shared intentionality

description: Cooperation and competition are two ways of social interaction keys to life in society. Recent EEG-based hyperscanning studies reveal that cooperative and competitive interactions induce an increase in interbrain coupling. However, whether this interbrain coupling effect is just a reflection of inter-subject motor coordination or can also signal the type of social interaction is unknown. Here, we show that behavioral coordination and social interaction type can be distinguished according to the frequency of oscillation in which the brains are coupled. We use EEG to simultaneously measure the brain activity of pairs of subjects, while they were performing a visual cue-target task in a cooperative and competitive manner. Behavioral responses were quasi-simultaneous between subject pairs for both competitive and cooperative conditions, with faster average response times for the competitive condition. Concerning brain activity, we found increased interbrain coupling in theta band (3–7 Hz) during cooperation and competition, with stronger coupling during competitive interactions. This increase of interbrain theta coupling correlated with a decrease in reaction times of the dyads. Interestingly, we also found an increase in brain-to-brain coupling in gamma band (38–42 Hz) only during cooperative interactions. Unlike the theta coupling effect, the gamma interbrain coupling did not correlate with dyads’ reaction times. Taken together, these results suggest that theta interbrain coupling could be linked to motor coordination processes common to cooperative and competitive interactions, while gamma brain-to-brain coupling emerges as an electrophysiological marker of shared intentionality during cooperative interactions.
Spatial Analysis of Market Power of Cassava Starch in Brazil
Creators: name: Pancera, Aline
name: Alves, Alexandre
name: Pancera, Aline
name: Alves, Alexandre
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: starch
subject: spatial price transmission and competitive efficiency

description: The present study aimed to investigate the spatial price transmission of starch, addressing the major producing regions. The specific objectives were to identify their long-term behavior and to verify possible asymmetries on the price transmission. The analysis of price transmission among the markets indicates that prices cointegrated themselves in the long run, leading to the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Through the econometric regressions it was possible to verify the application of the Law of Price for only a region under analysis. This study concluded that the markets for starch were not spatially integrated. Thus, it was possible to infer that the market for starch showed a competitive inefficiency.
The Cuprate Pseudogap: Competing Order Parameters or Precursor Superconductivity
Creators: name: Stajic, Jelena
name: Iyengar, Andrew
name: Levin, K.
name: Boyce, B. R.
name: Lemberger, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we compare two broad classes of theories for the pseudogap in cuprate superconductors. The comparison in made in reference to measurements of the superfluid density, $ρ_s(T,x)$, in $YBa_2CuO_{7- δ}$ films having a wide range of stoichiometries, $δ$, or, hole doping, $x$. The theoretical challenge raised by these (and previous) data is to understand why the T-dependence of $ρ_s(T,x)$ is insensitive to the fermionic excitation gap $Δ(T,x)$, which opens in the normal state and persists into the superconducting state, when presumably $ρ_s(T)$ is governed, at least in part, by fermionic excitations. Indeed, $ρ_s(T,x)$ seems to have a BCS-like dependence on $T_c(x)$, which, although not unexpected, is not straightforward to understand in pseudogapped superconductors where $T_c(x)$ and the excitation gap have little in common. Here, we contrast "extrinsic" and "intrinsic" theoretical approaches to the pseudogap and argue that the former (for example, associated with a competing order parameter) exhibits more obvious departures from BCS-like $T$ dependences in $ρ_s(T)$ than approaches which associate the pseudogap with the superconductivity itself. Examples of the latter are Fermi liquid based schemes as well as a pair fluctuation mean field theory. Thus far, the measured behavior of the superfluid density appears to argue against an extrinsic interpretation of the pseudogap, and supports instead its intrinsic origin.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures; text rewritten in the PRB format
Can the Uranian Satellites Form from a Debris Disk Generated by a Giant Impact?
Creators: name: Ishizawa, Yuya
name: Sasaki, Takanori
name: Hosono, Natsuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrodynamic simulations of a giant impact to proto-Uranus indicated that such an impact could tilt its rotational axis and produce a circumplanetary debris disk beyond the corotation radius of Uranus. However, whether Uranian satellites can actually be formed from such a wide disk remains unclear. Herein, we modeled a wide debris disk of solids with several initial conditions inferred from the hydrodynamic simulations, and performed $N$-body simulations to investigate in-situ satellite formation from the debris disk. We also took account of orbital evolutions of satellites due to the planetary tides after the growth of satellites. We found that, in any case, the orbital distribution of the five major satellites could not be reproduced from the disk as long as the power index of its surface density is similar to that of the disk generated just after the giant impact: Satellites in the middle region obtained much larger masses than Ariel or Umbriel, while the outermost satellite did not grow to the mass of Oberon. Our results indicate that we should consider the thermal and viscous evolution of the evaporated disk after the giant impact to form the five major satellites through the in-situ formation scenario. On the other hand, the small inner satellites would be formed from the rings produced by the disrupted satellites which migrated from around the corotation radius of Uranus due to the planetary tides.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJ
Comparison of the Isolated Direct Photon Cross Sections in $p \bar p$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.8$ TeV and $\sqrt{s}=0.63$ TeV
Creators: name: CDF Collaboration
name: Acosta, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the cross sections $d^2σ/dP_T dη$ for production of isolated direct photons in \pbarp collisions at two different center-of-mass energies, 1.8 TeV and 0.63 TeV, using the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF). The normalization of both data sets agree with the predictions of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) for photon transverse momentum ($P_T$) of 25 GeV/c, but the shapes versus photon $P_T$ do not. These shape differences lead to a significant disagreement in the ratio of cross sections in the scaling variable $x_T (\equiv 2P_T/\sqrt{s}$). This disagreement in the $x_T$ ratio is difficult to explain with conventional theoretical uncertainties such as scale dependence and parton distribution parameterizations.
description: 34 pages, submitted to Physical Review D
Household Allocation of Microfinance Loans in Kyrgyzstan
Creators: name: Angioloni, Simone
name: Kudabaev, Zarylbek
name: Ames, Glenn
name: Wetzstein, Michael
name: Angioloni, Simone
name: Kudabaev, Zarylbek
name: Ames, Glenn
name: Wetzstein, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Financial Economics

description: Within Kyrgyzstan, microfinance provides the largest source of credit for lowincome households. The allocation of these loans between current consumption and investment has a direct bearing on the impact these loans have on rural development. For investigating this allocation, a multivariate Probit model is developed and populated with borrowers’ loan allocations from 2006 to 2010. Key factors considered are education, gender, equipment ownership, and geographical region. Results indicate that the Naryn region has the largest impact on borrowers’ likelihood to allocate loans toward food and the smallest (negative) impact on the probability of starting a new business. Mobile phone and livestock ownership were identified as two key factors, which decreases borrowers’ probability of using loans to purchase food and increases the probability of agricultural investment or to start a business.
Water emission in NGC1333-IRAS4: The physical structure of the envelope
Creators: name: Maret, S.
name: Ceccarelli, C.
name: Caux, E.
name: Tielens, A. G. G. M.
name: Castets, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report ISO-LWS far infrared observations of CO, water and oxygen lines towards the protobinary system IRAS4 in the NGC1333 cloud. We detected several water, OH, CO rotational lines, and two [OI] and [CII] fine structure lines. Given the relatively poor spectral and spatial resolution of these observations, assessing the origin of the observed emission is not straightforward. In this paper, we focus on the water line emission and explore the hypothesis that it originates in the envelopes that surround the two protostars, IRAS4 A and B, thanks to an accurate model. The model reproduces quite well the observed water line fluxes, predicting a density profile, mass accretion rate, central mass, and water abundance profile in agreement with previous works. We hence conclude that the emission from the envelopes is a viable explanation for the observed water emission, although we cannot totally rule out the alternative that the observed water emission originates in the outflow.