cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Craniofacial reconstruction using hierarchical B-Spline interpolation
Creators: name: Archer, Katrina Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Craniofacial forensic reconstruction is often the only means of determining a deceased individual's appearance. Current manual methods of estimating the appearance of the individual from his or her skull are extremely expensive and time-consuming. Normally a single facial estimate is produced and publicized. As a result, the success rate for identification resulting from facial reconstruction is on the order of only 50%. A software tool that produces multiple three-dimensional likenesses that more completely cover the range of likely appearances due to factors such as body fat content, and nose and lip appearance would improve this success rate. The application should closely simulate the artist's technique of generating a base facial shape with rough details that are later refined. The prototype generates a generic hierarchical B-spline surface around a 3D scan of the skull. Sparse data points representing tissue thickness are first placed at landmarks about the scan. The generic surface is subsequently automatically placed in order to smoothly and evenly interpolate the data points. This thesis presents a new interpolation method that is well adapted to fitting a hierarchical surface to sparse data points. A reasonable facial approximation is produced from a minimal amount of data using this technique. Multiple facial base shapes are easily created by using the appropriate tissue depths for race, age, sex and body fat content. Facial details such as the eyes, nose and lips can be edited after interpolation. These basic techniques are appropriate for use in an eventual commercial 3D forensic reconstruction tool.
Activating Anti-tumor Immunity by Overcoming Programmed Death Ligand 1-mediated Immunosuppression
Creators: name: Haile, Samuel
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: T cell activation
T cells
Tumor immunity
tumor immunology
tumor-induced immune suppression

description: Immunotherapy is a promising approach for the treatment of primary and metastatic cancer because of the immune system's ability to recognize and target tumor cells.  Tumor cells employ various mechanisms to escape anti-tumor immunity.  One such mechanism they employ is mediated by programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1), which interacts with T cell-expressed PD1 and results in T cell apoptosis.  PDL1 is expressed constitutively or is induced by interferon-gamma (IFN?) on the surface of most tumor cells and protects tumor cells from T cell-mediated lysis.  PDL1 also suppresses T cell activation by binding T cell-expressed CD80.  Given that CD80 and PDL1 bind each other, work in this thesis will exploit this interaction to design a therapy that prevents PDL1-mediatied immunosuppression to allow tumor recognition by tumor-specific T cells.  Therefore, it was hypothesized that overexpressing CD80 on PDL1+ tumor cells will functionally inactivate PDL1, and secondly that a soluble form of CD80 (CD80-Fc) would similarly inactivate PDL1.  Initial experiments demonstrated that co-expression of CD80 by PDL1+ mouse and human tumor cells prevented the binding of PD1, and co-culture of CD80+PDL1+ tumor cells with PD1+ T cells maintained T cells in an activated state.  Further work demonstrated that CD80-Fc restores activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells similar to that of membrane-bound CD80.  Since monoclonal antibodies to PD1 and PDL1 are currently in clinical trials, the ability of CD80-Fc to prevent PDL1-mediated suppression was compared to that of anti-PDL1 and anti-PD1 antibodies.  These experiments demonstrated that CD80-Fc is more effective at facilitating T cell activation than treatment with mAb to either PD1 or PDL1.  Although CD80 is well known as a costimulatory molecule, using antibodies to block CD28-CD80 costimulation on T cells does not prevent CD80-mediated restoration of T cell activation, indicating an alternate role for CD80.  In the absence of costimulation, CD80-Fc restores T cell activation, confirming that soluble CD80 mediates this effect by simultaneously neutralizing PD1-PDL1-mediated immune suppression and providing CD28-CD80 costimulation.  These studies identify a new role for CD80 and suggest that it may be a better therapeutic agent than antibody therapy for overcoming PD1-PDL1-mediated immune suppression in cancer patients.
No Man is an Island: Social Predictors of Treatment Retention in a Therapeutic Community
Creators: name: Wolfman, Jade Nichole
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2009
Subjects: African American
homeless
Substance Abuse
survival analysis
Therapeutic Community
Treatment Retention

description: The therapeutic community ( TC) approach to recovery from drug abuse has gained  research support for its overall effectiveness, but questions remain regarding the low rates  of treatment retention. Much of the research on predictors of retention in TCs has  focused on patient factors, but these yield little consistent predictive ability. This study  examined the relationship between social predictors ( at treatment entry) and treatment  retention ( i. e., the number of days retained in the program) for homeless substance  abusing men residing in a TC ( N= 107; mean age of 39, SD= 8.41; 74% African  American). The following questions were examined: 1.) Do pre- treatment social  predictors, like social support and 12- Step participation, increase retention? 2.) Does an  initial psychological sense of community ( PSOC) increase retention in the program? 3.)  Does an individual’s PSOC mediate the relationship between pre- treatment social  predictors and retention? A series of logistic regressions were estimated predicting early  retention and a series of Cox ( survival analysis) regressions were estimated predicting the  length of stay in the program. Results indicated that 12- step involvement predicted  length of stay, with those reporting greater involvement remaining in the program for  fewer days, which was contrary to what was expected. PSOC also significantly predicted  treatment retention, with those developing a higher initial PSOC being more likely to  remain in the program, particularly through the first 45 days. However, 12- step  attendance and measures of social support did not predict either early retention or length  of stay and there was no support for the hypothesized mediated model. These findings  begin to illuminate the importance of social factors, particularly PSOC, in a therapeutic  community where treatment retention is the goal. This is an important first step, as  existing literature has neglected to identify social predictors of treatment retention within  the TC. Future studies would do well to examine whether other measures of social  support, like network reaction to use, for example, serve as more promising predictors of  treatment retention. Similarly, research should address whether changes in these social  factors over time predict retention and whether 12- step involvement and PSOC promote  retention in other populations and therapeutic contexts.
title: Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids
Creators: name: Kostadinova, Viktorija
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR
subject: Inflammation
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 59-year-old female patient was admitted to the neurologic emergency department due to 3-month progressive brainstem dysfunction (vertigo and ataxia), occipital headaches, and dysarthria. The clinical examination additionally revealed pseudobulbar palsy, dysmetria, titubation of the head, left-sided hemiparesis, and absent reflexes in the lower limbs. The patient was hospitalized and underwent extensive diagnostics including blood test for autoantibodies, paraneoplastic and other antibodies, and cerebrospinal fluid tests.

description: 59 years, female
A multidisciplinary approach to divergence in the Icterus graduacauda and Icterus chrysater group: genetic, morphometric and ecological divergence across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.
Creators: name: Cortes, Maria Nandadevi
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: Coalescent
Divergence
ENM
Icterus
Orioles
Tehuantepec

description: Researchers studying earliest stages of speciation have the opportunity to study the divergence of multiple sets of characters. In this study I compared genetic, morphometric and ecological variation between two sister species of orioles, Icterus graduacauda and Icterus chrysater, across a well-known geographic gap, The Isthmus of Tehuantepec (50 km wide). In addition, I compared populations of Icterus chrysater across a much larger gap (around 600 km). s  Morphometric analyses comparing Icterus graduacauda and Icterus chrysater revealed that both species show similar overall size with no diagnosable character differences between them. Furthermore, Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) showed niche conservatism east and west of the isthmus, suggesting the two species share abiotic requirements, thus could potentially inhabit the same areas. However, in spite of the close proximity and bioclimatic similarity, coalescent analysis with the program IM shows no evidence of gene flow. These two taxa have very distinct plumage patterns, and in orioles plumage likely plays an important role in mate choice. Thus, this lack of gene flow may be the result of behavioral isolation based on plumage differences. However, for the comparison within I. chrysater, despite the large gap between north and south populations, IM shows strong evidence of gene flow. Additionally, ENM revealed evidence of ecological divergence between northern and southern populations, and there is some morphometric divergence. Therefore, within I. chrysater, I found evidence of gene flow in spite of a larger geographic gap, along with some niche and morphometric divergence. However, as these two populations have no known plumage differences, gene flow across the gap could be facilitated by the similarity in plumage patterns.  The graduacauda/chrysater group is interesting because despite their similar overall morphometrics, environment and behavior, no hybrids have been found. Importantly, the differences in plumage could be one way that behavioral isolation is maintained. In contrast, within I. chrysater, the lack of plumage differences could be contributing to the gene flow that occurs in spite of the large gap between the two populations. Future studies are needed to test the importance of plumage in preventing and allowing gene flow in this species complex.
title: A suspicious spleen: Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder.
Creators: name: Johnstone, Philip
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Abdominal imaging
subject: Haematologic
subject: Spleen
subject: CT
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Biopsy
subject: Lymphoma
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 35-year-old woman presented to her general practitioner with a 6-week history of left flank pain. Her past medical history included renal dysplasia and right lower quadrant renal transplantation. The differential diagnosis included hydronephrosis or urinary tract infection; therefore, she underwent abdominal ultrasound.

description: 35 years, female
The Dark Sector Cosmology
Creators: name: Abdalla, Elcio
name: Marins, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most important problem in fundamental physics is the description of the contents of the Universe. Today, we know that 95% thereof is totally unknown. Two thirds of that amount is the mysterious Dark Energy described in an interesting and important review. We briefly extend here the ideas contained in that review including the more general Dark Sector, that is, Dark Matter and Dark Energy, eventually composing a new physical Sector. Understanding the Dark Sector with precision is paramount for us to be able to understand all the other cosmological parameters comprehensively as modifications of the modelling could lead to potential biases of inferred parameters of the model, such as measurements of the Hubble constant and distance indicators such as the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations. We discuss several modern methods of observation that can disentangle the different possible descriptions of the Dark Sector. The possible application of some theoretical developments are also included in this paper as well as a more thorough evaluation of new observational techniques at lower frequencies and gravitational waves.
description: 14 pages, invited paper to appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys. D
Exact mean first-passage time on the T-graph
Creators: name: Agliari, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a simple random walk on the T-fractal and we calculate the exact mean time $τ^g$ to first reach the central node $i_0$. The mean is performed over the set of possible walks from a given origin and over the set of starting points uniformly distributed throughout the sites of the graph, except $i_0$. By means of analytic techniques based on decimation procedures, we find the explicit expression for $τ^g$ as a function of the generation $g$ and of the volume $V$ of the underlying fractal. Our results agree with the asymptotic ones already known for diffusion on the T-fractal and, more generally, they are consistent with the standard laws describing diffusion on low-dimensional structures.
description: 6 pages
Exact expressions for quantum corrections to spinning strings
Creators: name: Schafer-Nameki, Sakura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The one-loop worldsheet quantum corrections to the energy of spinning strings on R x S^3 within AdS_5 x S^5 are reexamined. The explicit expansion in the effective 't Hooft coupling λ'= λ/J^2 is rigorously derived. The expansion contains both analytic and non-analytic terms in λ', as well as exponential corrections. Furthermore, we pin down the origin of the terms that are not captured by the quantum string Bethe ansatz, which only produces analytic terms in λ'. It is shown that the analytic terms arise from string fluctuations within the S^3, whereas the non-analytic and exponential terms, which are not captured by the Bethe ansatz, originate from the fluctuations in all directions within the supersymmetric sigma model on AdS_5 x S^5. We also comment on the case of spinning string in AdS_3 x S^1.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure
Neuropsychological Correlates of Anger-Reactivity, Physical Aggression, and Emotional Abuse among Partner-Violent Men
Creators: name: Persampiere, John
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2011
Subjects: Domestic Violence
Executive Functioning
Impulsivity
Intimate Partner-Violence
Neuropsychology

description: Prior research has demonstrated that relatively poor neuropsychological functioning is correlated with perpetration of intimate partner violence. The current study builds upon these findings by examining the functional significance of executive functioning and impulsivity among partner-violent men. Eighty partner-violent men were recruited at a domestic violence agency in Baltimore, Maryland. They completed a brief neuropsychological assessment battery, self-report questionnaires assessing anger and abusive behaviors, and an assessment of distorted and irrational thinking derived from the Articulated Thoughts during Simulated Situations (ATSS) paradigm. It was hypothesized that relatively poorer neuropsychological functioning in the realms of executive functioning and impulsivity would have significant positive associations with anger-reactivity, cognitive distortions, and irrational beliefs expressed during the ATSS assessment. It was also hypothesized that relatively poorer neuropsychological functioning would have significant positive associations with anger expression and general hostility, and negative associations with anger control. With regard to abuse, it was hypothesized that poorer neuropsychological functioning would have a significant positive association with levels of physical assault and psychological aggression. A moderate to strong relation was found between relatively poorer executive functioning and increased levels of both cognitive distortions and irrational beliefs expressed during the ATSS cognitive assessment. Relatively poorer executive functioning was found to have a moderate relation with increased levels of anger-reactivity, defined as the change in state anger from pre to post ATSS assessment. Relatively poorer executive functioning was also found to have a small to moderate positive relation with anger expression and general hostility. Increased impulsivity was found to have a moderate relation with cognitive distortions and irrational beliefs, and a small to moderate relation with increased anger-reactivity. No significant association was found between neuropsychological functioning and anger control. In addition, no significant associations were found between neuropsychological functioning and self-reported levels of physical or psychological abuse. The present study provides evidence that relatively poorer neuropsychological functioning among IPV perpetrators is associated with both cognitive and affective processing of negative relationship stimuli, as well as anger expression difficulties and general hostility. Clinical implications, study limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Additional file 4 of Interrater reliability in the assessment of physiotherapy students
Creators: name: Gittinger, Flora P.
name: Lemos, Martin
name: Neumann, Jan L.
name: Förster, Jürgen
name: Dohmen, Daniel
name: Berke, Birgit
name: Olmeo, Anke
name: Lucas, Gisela
name: Jonas, Stephan M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4: Addendum A. ICC estimates by evaluation criterion.
Nonflat Histogram Techniques for Spin Glasses
Creators: name: Müller, Fabio
name: Schnabel, Stefan
name: Janke, Wolfhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the bimodal Edwards-Anderson spin glass comparing established methods, namely the multicanonical method, the $1/k$-ensemble and parallel tempering, to an approach where the ensemble is modified by simulating power-law-shaped histograms in energy instead of flat histograms as in the standard multicanonical case. We show that by this modification a significant speed-up in terms of mean round-trip times can be achieved for all lattice sizes taken into consideration.
Investigation of Characteristics of Mentoring Relationships and Positive Youth Outcomes
Creators: name: King, Jacqueline
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2009
Subjects: adolescent girls
mentoring
mentoring relationships
positive youth outcomes

description: This research examined associations among mentoring relationship characteristics (frequency of contact, engaging in recreational activities, and interpersonal discussions), relationship closeness, and youth outcomes (perceived benefits, future orientation, and GPA).  The mediating role of relationship closeness on positive youth outcomes was also examined. The mentoring relationships were formed within My Sister's Circle (MSC), a community-based mentoring program for pre-adolescent and adolescent girls. The girls in MSC ranged in age from 11-16 years, and length of mentoring relationship varied from less than 6 months to 5 years. Adult mentors (N = 41) completed surveys each month during the 9-month study period; the surveys assessed frequency of contact and relationship content (engaging in recreational activities and interpersonal discussions). The girls (N=42) completed surveys in September 2005 and June 2006; these surveys assessed relationship closeness, perceived benefits of the relationship, and future orientation. School records were used to calculate GPA. Hierarchical regression analyses, using cross-source (mentor reported relationship characteristics, youth outcome) data were conducted in order to examine the hypothesized associations.  In addition to quantitative data, qualitative data were collected; 6 mentor/youth pairs were interviewed to examine the mentor/youth relationship processes in more depth. Results provided limited support for relationship characteristics predicting positive youth outcomes. The strongest support was found for frequency of contact predicting perceived benefits for youth. Frequency of contact, however, was not related to future orientation or GPA. Relationship content (recreational activity, interpersonal discussion) was not associated with youth outcomes. Results provided only marginal support for the hypothesized mediating role of relationship closeness in positive youth outcomes. Qualitative findings complemented survey data results in that youth perceived the mentoring relationship to be positive and noted several benefits of the relationship. Mentors and youth discussed the various types of support they believed to be associated with relationship benefits.  Implications for future theory development, research and practice are examined.
title: Bilateral medullary nephrocalcinosis with nephrolithiasis: a case report
Creators: name: Koirala, Keshika
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Uroradiology & genital male imaging
subject: Anatomy
subject: Kidney
subject: CT
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Calcifications / Calculi
subject: Anatomy and Functional Imaging

description: Clinical History: A 36-year-old female presented with the chief complaint of on and off flank pain for the last 6 months. It was not associated with fever or burning micturition. No discolouration of urine was noted. There was no history of diabetes or hypertension. No significant previous medical history was noted.

description: 36 years, female
Globular structure of the hypermineralized tissue in human femoral neck
Creators: name: Wang, Qiong
name: Tang, Tengteng
name: Cooper, David
name: Eltit, Felipe
name: Fratzl, Peter
name: Guy, Pierre
name: Wang, Rizhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bone becomes more fragile with ageing. Among many structural changes, a thin layer of highly mineralized and brittle tissue covers part of the external surface of the thin femoral neck cortex in older people and has been proposed to increase hip fragility. However, there have been very limited reports on this hypermineralized tissue in the femoral neck, especially on its ultrastructure. Such information is critical to understanding both the mineralization process and its contributions to hip fracture. Here, we use multiple advanced techniques to characterize the ultrastructure of the hypermineralized tissue in the neck across various length scales. Synchrotron radiation micro-CT found larger but less densely distributed cellular lacunae in hypermineralized tissue than in lamellar bone. When examined under FIB-SEM, the hypermineralized tissue was mainly composed of mineral globules with sizes varying from submicron to a few microns. Nano-sized channels were present within the mineral globules and oriented with the surrounding organic matrix. Transmission electron microscopy showed the apatite inside globules were poorly crystalline, while those at the boundaries between the globules had well-defined lattice structure with crystallinity similar to the apatite mineral in lamellar bone. No preferred mineral orientation was observed both inside each globule and at the boundaries. Collectively, we conclude based on these new observations that the hypermineralized tissue is non-lamellar and has less organized mineral, which may contribute to the high brittleness of the tissue.
Problematising and framing spatial research in engineering education
Creators: name: McNea, Meryn
name: COLE, REENA
name: TANNER, DAVID
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering

description: Spatial research has experienced a surge in popularity across the global community in recent years, with an undeniable rise in the favourability of spatial thinking approaches in academic and higher education settings. An engineer’s spatial ability is dependent on their capacity to engage a set of cognitive skills to visualise, reason and communicate spatial relations between objects and space. With the recent growth in popularity around spatial research, new spatial terms are frequently introduced resulting in a definitional overlap between terms and ideas. This may sometimes result in a lack of clarity regarding spatial terms and definitions, with the definitions of such terms varying amongst the literature. The eight most researched spatial terms over the last ten years are included in this study: Spatial Ability, Spatial Skills, Spatial Intelligence, Spatial Visualisation, Spatial Literacy, Spatial Reasoning, Spatial Factors and Spatial Thinking. A review of literature supported the unpacking of spatial terms and related research and the subsequent synthesis of the same. Particular focus centred on the various definitions and conceptualizations of these terms, as well as the contexts in which they are used to improve the accuracy, validity, and value of spatial analysis and its potential applications across different fields and disciplines. This paper aims to unpack and synthesise the various interpretations and dimensions of spatial competencies in the body of international research, ensuring that the pertinent research information is more readily accessible to practicing engineering educators.
Additional file 2 of Investigating the effects of peptide-based, MOS and protease feed additives on the growth performance and fecal microbial composition of weaned pigs
Creators: name: Poudel, Prakash
name: Samuel, Ryan
name: Levesque, Crystal
name: St-Pierre, Benoit
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary file 1. Product description for Peptiva, MOS and exogenous protease from the manufacturer (Vitech Bio-Chem Corporation (Glendale, CA, USA).
title: Contrast enhanced ultrasound identifies a spontaneous testicular haematoma and negates the need for orchidectomy
Creators: name: Tee, Alice
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Uroradiology & genital male imaging
subject: Genital / Reproductive system male
subject: Elastography
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 34-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with a five-day history of left-sided testicular pain. There was no history of trauma or any obvious precipitant. Clinical examination revealed a tender, swollen left hemi-scrotum. The patient was referred for ultrasound to exclude spermatic cord torsion.

description: 34 years, male
Proper Orthogonal and Dynamic Mode Decomposition of Sunspot Data
Creators: name: Albidah, A. B.
name: Brevis, W.
name: Fedun, V.
name: Ballai, I.
name: Jess, D. B.
name: Stangalini, M.
name: Higham, J.
name: Verth, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High resolution solar observations show the complex structure of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave motion. We apply the techniques of POD and DMD to identify the dominant MHD wave modes in a sunspot using the intensity time series. The POD technique was used to find modes that are spatially orthogonal, whereas the DMD technique identifies temporal orthogonality. Here we show that the combined POD and DMD approaches can successfully identify both sausage and kink modes in a sunspot umbra with an approximately circular cross-sectional shape.
title: Septo-optic dysplasia plus syndrome with associated arachnoid cyst in a toddler presenting with ocular and motor dysfunction
Creators: name: Reyes Sacdalan, Marian Cristina
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Paediatric
subject: MR
subject: Congenital
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A one-year-old female presented with rotatory nystagmus, generalised hypotonia, and developmental delay. Ophthalmologic examination revealed bilaterally small optic discs, while physical examination showed hyperreflexia in the right lower extremity. A past history of febrile seizure was elicited. Her mother reported of alcohol intake during the first month of pregnancy.

description: 1 year, female
title: Significance of chest computed tomography (CT) in COVID-19 pneumonia in obstetrics: a case report.
Creators: name: Gartsueva, Marina
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chest imaging
subject: Lung
subject: CT
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A pregnant 34-year-old woman was taken to our hospital in the clinical condition of mechanical ventilation (dependence on oxygen was 60%). On admission: SpO2 was 83% with a single decline episode to 68%, laboratory tests showed high CRP 46,58 mg/L, ERS 91 mm/h, IL-6 36,58 pgr/mL, initial RT-PCR test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was negative, pregnancy 28-29 weeks.

description: 34 years, female
Understanding the Stellar Initial Mass Function
Creators: name: Larson, Richard B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The essential features of the stellar Initial Mass Function are, rather generally, (1) a peak at a mass of a few tenths of a solar mass, and (2) a power-law tail toward higher masses that is similar to the original Salpeter function. Recent work suggests that the IMF peak reflects a preferred scale of fragmentation associated with the transition from a cooling phase of collapse at low densities to a nearly isothermal phase at higher densities, where the gas becomes thermally coupled to the dust. The Salpeter power law is plausibly produced, at least in part, by scale-free accretion processes that build up massive stars in dense environments. The young stars at the Galactic Center appear to have unusually high masses, possibly because of a high minimum mass resulting from the high opacity of the dense star-forming gas.
description: 5 pages, text only. Invited talk presented at the 11th Latin American Regional IAU Meeting, Pucon, Chile, December 2005; to be published by Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica. Second version has some revisions and updates
A Genomic Approach to Identify the Genetic Basis of Natural Variation in Lifespan and Age Specific Fecundity and their Plastic Responses to Diet in Drosophila melanogaster
Creators: name: Durham, Mary F.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: aging
diet
fecundity
lifespan
phenotypic plasticity
senescence

description: Genetically based variation in lifespan and reproduction is pervasive in nature, and both traits are sensitive to changes in diet; however, we still know little about the actual genes influencing natural variation in lifespan and reproduction, and how these genes interact with environmental variables like diet to influence variation in lifespan and reproduction.  I used the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP), to complete a genome-wide association (GWA) study on lifespan, age specific fecundity, lifetime fecundity and the plastic response of these traits to changes in diet using mated Drosophila females reared as adults on either a high yeast (HY) diet or a low yeast (LY) diet.  I identified a large number of candidate polymorphisms associated with each trait, and follow up studies using RNAi stocks validated the influence of a subset of candidates.  I found very little overlap in candidate fecundity SNPs between ages, which suggests that the genetic basis of natural variation in fecundity changes dramatically with age.  I also found that only 20 SNPs (0.97%) and 88 genes (8.55%) overlapped as candidates for age specific fecundity or lifespan on both diets, which suggests that individual genes influence lifespan and fecundity in a diet specific manner.  I used the GWA results to test the predictions of two evolutionary theories of senescence: mutation accumulation (MA) and antagonistic pleiotropy (AP) and the data provide strong evidence in support of MA at the nucleotide level.  Finally, I tested the predictions of two hypotheses regarding the genetic mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity by comparing the results of the GWAs on trait means to the results of the GWAs on the plastic response to diet.  I found evidence to support both theories, but most of the data supported the gene regulation hypothesis.
Towards a Real-time Transient Classification Engine
Creators: name: Bloom, J. S.
name: Starr, D. L.
name: Butler, N. R.
name: Nugent, P.
name: Rischard, M.
name: Eads, D.
name: Poznanski, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Temporal sampling does more than add another axis to the vector of observables. Instead, under the recognition that how objects change (and move) in time speaks directly to the physics underlying astronomical phenomena, next-generation wide-field synoptic surveys are poised to revolutionize our understanding of just about anything that goes bump in the night (which is just about everything at some level). Still, even the most ambitious surveys will require targeted spectroscopic follow-up to fill in the physical details of newly discovered transients. We are now building a new system intended to ingest and classify transient phenomena in near real-time from high-throughput imaging data streams. Described herein, the Transient Classification Project at Berkeley will be making use of classification techniques operating on ``features'' extracted from time series and contextual (static) information. We also highlight the need for a community adoption of a standard representation of astronomical time series data (i.e., ``VOTimeseries'').
description: 4 pages, refereed proceedings of "Hot-wiring the Transient Universe," June 2007 (Tuscon). Editors: A. Allan, R. Seaman, J. S. Bloom
Image merging in a dynamic visual communication system with multiple cameras
Creators: name: Cui, Ying
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In tele-operation, visual communication plays an important role as a source of information for control of a remote machine. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the image merging in a dynamic visual communication system (DVCS) that can provide better visual presentation of the remote machine's working environment to the operator. The conventional VCS such as television cannot provide wide field of view (WFOV) and high resolution at the same time without significantly increasing the number of pixels and the bandwidth which is difficult and expensive. One of the proposed alternatives is to have a high resolution insert at the area of interest (AOI), determined by the observer's current eye orientation, projected into a cutout in the low resolution wide field of view (WFOV) background. This system is called a dynamic VCS (DVCS) in this thesis because of its active feedback control over the viewing scene. A DVCS requires a multi-channel imaging system, dual-resolution presentation, an eye tracker controlling the location of the AOI insert within pixel level accuracy, and an image merging system that can register and fuse AOI and WFOV images, all in real time. This thesis discuss some of these issues, mainly focusing on the design and implementation of the image merging in such a system. Several possible approaches are analyzed with regard to the free parameters in the implementation, and experiments are carried out on seven sets of AOI and WFOV images. These images are taken by off-the-shelf cameras with different rotational angles, zooms (scale), and optical centres (translational change) (RST). The optical axis for AOI and WFOV imaging are kept parallel. Based on the analysis and experiments, a new multi-process approach was designed and implemented which can trade off performance characteristics for various imaging conditions. This approach requires only rough estimation of the RST values to start with and presents a registered and fused dual resolution image to the viewer. This processing is also calibration free and can relax the specification requirements of the position sensor and camera control devices. A new study of using comer attributes to recover RST values leads to a derivation of an analytical representation of the significance value for detecting scale-consistent corners. There are many other issues to be studied in the future for a better DVC system.
title: Extra-hepatic portal vein aneurysm in a long-term liver transplant recipient
Creators: name: Neves, Teresa
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Abdominal imaging
subject: Abdomen
subject: Vascular
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 42-year-old female patient with a history of primary sclerosing cholangitis had been submitted to liver transplantation 32 years prior. The patient had been followed elsewhere and had no imaging examinations in her possession. A routine abdominal ultrasound was ordered by the referring physician.

description: 42 years, female
Negative peer influences among partner-violent men: Counter-therapeutic talk and participants' responses to group intervention
Creators: name: Meis, Laura
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2008
Subjects: Psychology, Clinical (0622)

description: Research demonstrates group interventions for male IPV perpetrators have small effects on recidivism rates. Little is known about the mechanisms behind these interventions, including what role the basic act of aggregating IPV perpetrators plays in treatment responses. The current investigation explored whether group interactions around counter-therapeutic (CT) statements in treatment predicted attenuated treatment gains. The study had three main goals 1.) Investigate which individuals were most likely to make counter-therapeutic statements, specifically those with antisocial characteristics and/or low motivational readiness to change, 2.) Determine what role CT talk and group support for CT talk play in predicting treatment response; 3.) Explore to what degree group support for CT talk leads to higher rates of CT talk later in treatment. Participants included 130 men presenting for a 16-week cognitive-behavioral group intervention for partner violence perpetration and 105 of their current or former partners. Partner reports of IPV were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and 6 months after treatment. CT talk and group responses to CT talk were coded from observing two video-taped group therapy sessions from early in treatment and two sessions late in treatment. Results indicated associations between motivational readiness to change and CT talk. CT talk was associated with abuse after treatment for both the speaker and individuals exposed to these statements. These associations were non-significant in multilevel analyses. Group responses predicted attenuated declines in both CT talk over the course of treatment and police visits over time. Group rejection of CT talk late in treatment was associated with greater rates of decline in IPV scores. However, early in treatment, those who participated in groups with high rates of non-support for CT talk experienced less pronounced declines in their psychological abuse over time. Overall, these findings highlight the power of group responses to potentially impair or facilitate group members' rates of decline in IPV over time. Addressing motivational readiness to change may provide a method of reducing CT talk and group support for CT talk. Finally, the timing of responses to CT talk may be pivotal, as confrontation by group members early in treatment is associated with reductions in the effectiveness of interventions, whereas confrontation late in treatment is associated with treatment gains.
UV/optical disk thermal reverberation in AGN: an in-depth study with an analytic prescription for the time-lag spectra
Creators: name: Kammoun, E. S.
name: Dovciak, M.
name: Papadakis, I. E.
name: Caballero-Garcia, M. D.
name: Karas, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several active galactic nuclei show correlated variations in the ultraviolet/optical range, with time delays increasing at longer wavelengths. Thermal reprocessing of the X-rays illuminating the accretion disk has been proposed as a viable explanation. In this scenario, the variable X-ray flux irradiating the accretion disk is partially reflected in X-rays, and partially absorbed, thermalized and re-emitted with some delay by the accretion disk at longer wavelengths. We investigate this scenario assuming an X-ray point-like source illuminating a standard Novikov-Thorne accretion disk, around a rotating black hole. We consider all special and general relativistic effects to determine the incident X-ray flux on the disk and in propagating light from the source to the disk and to the observer. We also compute the disk reflection flux taking into consideration the disk ionization. We investigate the dependence of the disk response function and time lags on various physical parameters, such as black hole mass and spin, X-ray corona height, luminosity, and photon index, accretion rate, inclination, and inner/outer disk radii. We found it is important to consider relativistic effects and the disk ionization in estimating the disk response. We also found a strong non-linearity between the X-ray luminosity and the disk response. We present an analytic function for the time-lags dependence on wavelength, which can be used to fit observed time-lag spectra. We also estimate the fraction of the reverberation signal with respect to the total flux and we suggest possible explanation for the lack of X-ray-ultraviolet/optical correlated variations in a few sources.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
title: Gastric perforation secondary to trichobezoar
Creators: name: Bourekba, Iliass
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Abdominal imaging
subject: Abdomen
subject: CT
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 14-year-old girl with no significant past medical history, referred to the pediatric surgical department with rapidly progressive epigastric pain. On clinical examination, an abdominal guarding was found, and the rectal temperature was measured at 39 ° C.

description: 14 years, female
On The Impact Of 22Ne On The Pulsation Periods Of Carbon-Oxygen White Dwarfs With Helium Dominated Atmospheres
Creators: name: Chidester, Morgan T.
name: Timmes, F. X.
name: Schwab, Josiah
name: Townsend, Richard H. D.
name: Farag, Ebraheem
name: Thoul, Anne
name: Fields, C. E.
name: Bauer, Evan B.
name: Montgomery, Michael H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore changes in the adiabatic low-order g-mode pulsation periods of 0.526, 0.560, and 0.729 M$_\odot$ carbon-oxygen white dwarf models with helium-dominated envelopes due to the presence, absence, and enhancement of $^{22}$Ne in the interior. The observed g-mode pulsation periods of such white dwarfs are typically given to 6$-$7 significant figures of precision. Usually white dwarf models without $^{22}$Ne are fit to the observed periods and other properties. The root-mean-square residuals to the $\simeq$ 150$-$400 s low-order g-mode periods are typically in the range of $σ_{rms}$ $\lesssim$ 0.3 s, for a fit precision of $σ_{rms}/ P$ $\lesssim$ 0.3 %. We find average relative period shifts of $ΔP/P$ $\simeq$ $\pm$ 0.5 % for the low-order dipole and quadrupole g-mode pulsations within the observed effective temperature window, with the range of $ΔP/P$ depending on the specific g-mode, abundance of $^{22}$Ne, effective temperature, and mass of the white dwarf model. This finding suggests a systematic offset may be present in the fitting process of specific white dwarfs when $^{22}$Ne is absent. As part of the fitting processes involves adjusting the composition profiles of a white dwarf model, our study on the impact of $^{22}$Ne can provide new inferences on the derived interior mass fraction profiles. We encourage routinely including $^{22}$Ne mass fraction profiles, informed by stellar evolution models, to future generations of white dwarf model fitting processes.
description: 23 pages, 19 figures total. Accepted to the ApJ. Presented results at 2021 AAS January meeting
title: Intrahepatic periportal mass and diffuse bone marrow infiltration: a very uncommon presentation of Burkitt leukemia and lymphoma.
Creators: name: Miranda Bautista, Juan
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Abdominal imaging
subject: Abdomen
subject: Liver
subject: Oncology
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: PET-CT
subject: Chemotherapy
subject: Leukaemia
subject: Lymphoma
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 67-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with complaints of painless jaundice, weight loss, and night sweats. The patient underwent several imaging tests (US, contrast-enhanced CT, MRI and FDG PET/TC) as well as histological, immunophenotypic and genetic analysis. 

description: 67 years, male
Frozen light in photonic crystals with degenerate band edge
Creators: name: Figotin, A.
name: Vitebskiy, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Consider a plane monochromatic wave incident on a semi-infinite periodic structure. What happens if the normal component of the transmitted wave group velocity vanishes? At first sight, zero normal component of the transmitted wave group velocity simply implies total reflection of the incident wave. But we demonstrate that total reflection is not the only possible outcome. Instead, the transmitted wave can appear in the form of a frozen mode with very large diverging amplitude and either zero, or purely tangential energy flux. The field amplitude in the transmitted wave can exceed that of the incident wave by several orders of magnitude. There are two qualitatively different kinds of frozen mode regime. The first one is associated with a stationary inflection point of electromagnetic dispersion relation. This phenomenon has been analyzed in our previous publications. Now, our focus is on the frozen mode regime related to a degenerate photonic band edge. An advantage of this new phenomenon is that it can occur in much simpler periodic structures. This spectacular effect is extremely sensitive to the frequency and direction of propagation of the incident plane wave. These features can be very attractive in a variety practical applications, such as higher harmonic generation and wave mixing, light amplification and lasing, highly efficient superprizms, etc.