cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of nano-frictional and mechanical properties of a novel Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer/self-assembly monolayer composite structure
Creators: name: Yang, Guang-hong
name: Dai, Shu-xi
name: Cheng, Gang
name: Zhang, Ping-yu
name: Dub, Zu-liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel stearic acid (SA)/3-aminopropyltrethoxysilane (APS) composite structure was fabricated using the combined method of the Langmuir-Blodgett technique and self-assembly monolayer (SAM) technique. Its frictional, adhesive properties and interface contact types between the atomic force microscope tip and the samples were evaluated based on Amonton's laws and the general Carpick's transition equation, respectively. The results showed that the tip-sample contacts corresponded to the Johnson-Kendall-Robert/Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov (DMT) transition model for SiO2, APS-SAMs, and the unheated SA-APS composite structure, and for the heated SA-APS bilayer to the DMT model. Frictional forces for the four samples were linearly dependent on external loads at higher loads, and at lower loads they were significantly affected by adhesive forces. Frictional and scratching tests showed that the heated SA-APS composite structure exhibited the best lubricating properties and adhesion resistance ability, and its wear resistance capacity was greatly improved due to the binding-mode conversion from hydrogen bonds to covalent bonds. Thus, this kind of composite bilayer might be promising for applications in the lubrication of nano/microelectromechanical systems. I.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Advancing Climate Data (Re)usability through FAIR Digital Objects and Decentralized Technologies
Creators: name: Kulüke, Marco
name: Anders, Ivonne
name: Peters-von Gehlen, Karsten
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Climate science relies heavily on the effective creation, management, sharing, and analysis of massive and diverse datasets. As the digital landscape evolves, there is a growing need to establish a framework that ensures FAIRness in handling climate science digital objects. Especially, the machine-to-machine actionability of digital objects will be a crucial step towards future AI assisted workflows. Motivated by a use case, this contribution proposes the adoption of the Fair Digital Object (FDO) concept to address the challenges associated with the emerging spread in interdisciplinary reuse scenarios of climate model simulation output, as well as observational data.

FDOs are encapsulations of data and their metadata made accessible via persistent identifiers (PIDs) in a way that data and their context will remain a complete unit as FDO travels through cyberspace and time. They represent a paradigm shift in data management, emphasizing the machine-actionability principles of FAIRness and the requirements enabling cross-disciplinary research. The FDO concept can be applied to various digital objects, including data, documents and software within different research disciplines and industry areas.

The aim of this work is to commit to an FDO standard in climate science that enables standardized and therefore automated data analysis workflows and facilitates the extraction and analysis of relevant weather and climate data by all stakeholders involved. The current work expands on the efforts made to enable broad reuse of CMIP6 climate model data and focuses on requirements identified to enable automated processing of climate simulation output and their possible implementation strategies. In doing so, we propose the following concrete avenues: (1) Enriching the PID profiles of climate model and observational data in accordance with the FDO concept while taking into account the needs of the climate science community will lead to improved findability of digital objects, especially for machines. (2) Adopting the FDO concept for existing data management solutions, such as intake-esm and Spatio Temporal Asset Catalogs (STAC), can lead to improved data handling in line with prevailing community practices. (3) Furthermore, combining the FDO concept with the Inter Planetary File System (IPFS) offers benefits, such as decentralized storage, improved data integrity and easier data sharing through content addressing of digital objects.

Eventually, implementing an FDO standard will benefit climate science as well as related communities in several ways: The reusability of the data will facilitate the cost-effective use of existing economically expensive climate model and observational data. Also, these approaches will lead to higher transparency and will increase the reproducibility of research workflows and consolidate scientific results.
Supplementary document for Shortwave Infrared Single-Pixel Spectral Imaging based on GSST Phase-Change Metasurface - 5987482.pdf
Creators: name: Tao, Chenning
name: Zhu, Huanzheng
name: Zhang, Yusheng
name: Luo, Si
name: ling, qiang
name: Zhang, Bin
name: Yu, Zhangwei
name: TAO, XIAO
name: Chen, Daru
name: Li, Qiang
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary notes
title: Tumor Immune Microenvironment Modification by Nanosecond Electric Pulses
Creators: name: Guo, Siqi
name: Nanajian, Anthony
name: Ruedlinger, Brittney
name: Beebe, Stephen J.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Nanosecond electric pulse (nsEP) technology has been utilized to successfully treat many types of tumors in animal models. The safety of nsEP treatment for skin basal cell carcinoma has been reported in clinical trial. Importantly, we have demonstrated that in addition to local ablation, nsEP treatment results in favorable immune outcomes including potent immune protection and/or strong systemic effects in mouse pancreatic and orthotopic breast and rat hepatocellular carcinoma models. Nevertheless, how nsEP treatment induces such a strong immune protection in the tumor microenvironment predominating with immunosuppression is not fully understood.

Mouse 4T1 breast cancer, which has demonstrated immunosuppressive dominance in the literature, was utilized to characterize changes of immune cell dynamics, cell death, function, and metabolism in the tumor microenvironment. We have discovered that nsEP treatment: (1) Collapses immunosuppression by selective eradication of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs); (2) Reprograms metabolism for immune cells activation and differentiation; (3) Promotes TAM-M1 polarization; (4) Impairs the function of immunosuppressor cells; (5) induces cytotoxic T cells and tissue resident memory T cells in the tumor microenvironment. The mechanisms underlying these pro-immunostimulatory changes following nsEP treatment will be proposed and need further investigations.
Universal properties of Ising clusters and droplets near criticality
Creators: name: Delfino, Gesualdo
name: Viti, Jacopo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Clusters and droplets of positive spins in the two-dimensional Ising model percolate at the Curie temperature in absence of external field. The percolative exponents coincide with the magnetic ones for droplets but not for clusters. We use integrable field theory to determine amplitude ratios which characterize the approach to criticality within these two universality classes of percolative critical behavior.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Biogenic Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Potential Evaluation of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Against Escherichia coli
Creators: name: Ali, Mohsin
name: Ijaz, Muhammad
name: Ikram, Muhammad
name: Ul-Hamid, Anwar
name: Avais, Muhammad
name: Anjum, Aftab Ahmad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. (a–d) In-vitro antibacterial activity of doped CuO NPs (a, b) Gi doped CuO at ↓ and ↑ dose, (c, d) Ga doped CuO at ↓ and ↑ doses, respectively
The investigation of production of brominated cladoniamides through medium enrichment and precursor directed biosynthesis
Creators: name: Ding, Tong
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Cladoniamides are a set of bisindole compounds that contain an indolotryptoline rather than the more common indolocarbazole scaffold. Besides their interesting structures, several of the cladoniamides have been found to be potent cytotoxic agents. We set out to isolate the brominated analogues of known cladoniamides by supplementing the fermentation medium with KBr, which led to the production of 5-bromocladoniamide A. However, the observed production levels were very low. To determine whether the selection against the bromo-substrates is early or late in the cladoniamide biosynthetic pathway, we synthesized 3-chloroarcyriaflavin and 3-bromoarcyriaflavin. These substrates were then fed into Streptomyces albus + cla (ΔclaC), which contains the complete cladoniamide biosynthetic pathway, except one crucial gene required for the production of cladoniamides. Through the feeding experiment, we found approximately equal amount of incorporation of the chloro and bromo substrates. The results suggest that the substrate selectivity against bromo precursors is upstream in the pathway from the enzyme encoded by the inactivated gene. Overall, we have observed the production of brominated cladoniamides through the two different methods of modifying the growth conditions and of precursor directed biosynthesis. Furthermore, this work presents a facile way to generate new indolotryptoline molecules through synthetic generation of desired indolocarbazole substrates and then biological conversion using the cladoniamide biosynthetic pathway.
Additional file 1 of p16 is superior to Stathmin-1 and HSP27 in identifying cervical dysplasia
Creators: name: Liou, Sofia
name: Nilforoushan, Neshat
name: Kang, Yuna
name: Moatamed, Neda A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Summary of the immunohistochemistry stains’ results and their performance in each histopathology diagnostic category.
"Quantum Interference with Slits" Revisited
Creators: name: Rothman, Tony
name: Boughn, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Marcella [arXiv:quant-ph/0703126] has presented a straightforward technique employing the Dirac formalism to calculate single- and double-slit interference patterns. He claims that no reference is made to classical optics or scattering theory and that his method therefore provides a purely quantum mechanical description of these experiments. He also presents his calculation as if no approximations are employed. We show that he implicitly makes the same approximations found in classical treatments of interference and that no new physics has been introduced. At the same time, some of the quantum mechanical arguments Marcella gives are, at best, misleading.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Evaluation Of The Methanogenic Potential Of Two Lignocellulosic Crops
Creators: name: Testa, Giorgio
name: Piccitto, Alessandra
name: Scordia, Danilo
name: Corinzia, Sebastiano Andrea
name: Calcagno, Silvio
name: Cosentino, Salvatore Luciano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: Biogas production can be considered an important technology for the sustainable use of agricultural biomass as a renewable energy source even more when the substrates for anaerobic digestion are crop residues, livestock residues or energy crops that don’t compete with food crops for land use. The aims of this study were to evaluate the production of biogas and biomethane from two lignocellulosic crops suitable for the Mediterranean environment (Arundo donax L. and Saccharum spontaneum subsp. aegyptiacum (Willd.) Hack) and the efficiency of a thermal pretreatment to increase the biomethane production. The purpose of the pretreatment is to break the recalcitrant lignin layer, so that the cellulose and hemicellulose present in the biomass are hydrolyzed by microorganisms and converted into simple sugars to achieve greater energy yield.
Capillary floating and the billiard ball problem
Creators: name: Gutkin, Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 76B45, 76D45, 52A10, 37A45, 37E10, 37E40

description: We establish a connection between capillary floating in neutral equilibrium and the billiard ball problem. This allows us to reduce the question of floating in neutral equilibrium at any orientation with a prescribed contact angle for infinite homogeneous cylinders to a question about billiard caustics for their orthogonal cross-sections. We solve the billiard problem. As an application, we characterize the possible contact angles and exhibit an infinite family of real analytic non-round cylinders that float in neutral equilibrium at any orientation with constant contact angles.
description: 31 pages, 8 figures
ICA-based sparse feature recovery from fMRI datasets
Creators: name: Varoquaux, Gaël
name: Keller, Merlin
name: Poline, Jean Baptiste
name: Ciuciu, Philippe
name: Thirion, Bertrand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Spatial Independent Components Analysis (ICA) is increasingly used in the context of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to study cognition and brain pathologies. Salient features present in some of the extracted Independent Components (ICs) can be interpreted as brain networks, but the segmentation of the corresponding regions from ICs is still ill-controlled. Here we propose a new ICA-based procedure for extraction of sparse features from fMRI datasets. Specifically, we introduce a new thresholding procedure that controls the deviation from isotropy in the ICA mixing model. Unlike current heuristics, our procedure guarantees an exact, possibly conservative, level of specificity in feature detection. We evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the method on synthetic and fMRI data and show that it outperforms state-of-the-art approaches.
Simulations of stellar convection, pulsation and semiconvection
Creators: name: Muthsam, Herbert J.
name: Kupka, Friedrich
name: Mundprecht, Eva
name: Zaussinger, Florian
name: Grimm-Strele, Hannes
name: Happenhofer, Natalie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on modelling in stellar astrophysics with the ANTARES code. First, we describe properties of turbulence in solar granulation as seen in high-resolution calculations. Then, we turn to the first 2D model of pulsation-convection interaction in a cepheid. We discuss properties of the outer and the HEII ionization zone. Thirdly, we report on our work regarding models of semiconvection in the context of stellar physics.
description: Astrophysical Dynamics: From Stars to Galaxies. IAU Symposium 271
Additional file 2 of Overexpression of a Novel ERF-X-Type Transcription Factor, OsERF106MZ, Reduces Shoot Growth and Tolerance to Salinity Stress in Rice
Creators: name: Chen, Hung-Chi
name: Chien, Tzu-Cheng
name: Chen, Tsung-Yang
name: Chiang, Ming-Hau
name: Lai, Ming-Hsin
name: Chang, Men-Chi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2. Table S1 Primers used in this study.
The SuperB Project
Creators: name: Finocchiaro, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The SuperB project for a next generation asymmetric e+e- flavor factory to be built in the Rome area with a baseline luminosity of 10^{36}cm-2s-1 is discussed. Some explicit examples are given to elucidate how such a facility can provide a uniquely sensitive probe of physics beyond the Standard Model. The basic accelerator concepts allowing luminosities 50-100 times larger than the existing B factories are briefly discussed, along with the main characteristics of the SuperB detector.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures. Prepared for the proceedings of the HQL2010 conference (Frascati, 11-15 October 2010)
Cosmic Evolution of Size and Velocity Dispersion for Early Type Galaxies
Creators: name: Fan, L.
name: Lapi, A.
name: Bressan, A.
name: Bernardi, M.
name: De Zotti, G.
name: Danese, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [abridged] Massive, passively evolving galaxies at redshifts z>1 exhibit on the average physical sizes smaller by factors ~3 than local early type galaxies (ETGs) endowed with the same stellar mass. Small sizes are in fact expected on theoretical grounds, if dissipative collapse occurs. Recent results show that the size evolution at z<1 is limited to less than 40%, while most of the evolution occurs at z>1, where both compact and already extended galaxies are observed and the scatter in size is remarkably larger than locally. The presence at high z of a significant number of ETGs with the same size as their local counterparts as well as of ETGs with quite small size, points to a timescale to reach the new, expanded equilibrium configuration of less than the Hubble time. We demonstrate that the projected mass of compact, high-z galaxies and that of local ETGs within the *same physical radius*, the nominal half-luminosity radius of high-z ETGs, differ substantially, in that the high-z ETGs are on the average significantly denser. We propose that quasar activity, which peaks at z~2, can remove large amounts of gas from central galaxy regions on a timescale shorter than of the dynamical one, triggering a puffing up of the stellar component at constant stellar mass; in this case the size increase goes together with a decrease of the central mass. The size evolution is expected to parallel that of the quasars and the inverse hierarchy, or downsizing, seen in the quasar evolution is mirrored in the size evolution.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, uses RevTeX4 + emulateapj.cls and apjfonts.sty. Accepted by ApJ
MULOQOTNING YANGI SHAKLLARI VA UNING IJOBIY, SALBIY TOMONLARI
Creators: name: Raximova, Z.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Hozirgi globallashuv va raqamlashuv davrida hayotimizni  internetsiz, ijtimoiy tarmoqlarsiz tasavvur etolmaymiz. Internet jamiyatda o’z rivojini topishi bilan bizning hayot tarzimiz, hattoki muloqot jarayonimiz ham tubdan o’zgardi. Buning ta’sirida muloqotning yangi shakllari tushunchasi paydo bo’ldi. Quyida hozirgi kundagi muloqot shakllari, ularning kelib chiqish jarayonidan tortib, ijobiy va salbiy taraflarini qisman ko’rib chiqamiz.
The Area Distribution of Solar Magnetic Bright Points
Creators: name: Crockett, P. J.
name: Mathioudakis, M.
name: Jess, D. B.
name: Shelyag, S.
name: Keenan, F. P.
name: Christian, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic Bright Points (MBPs) are among the smallest observable objects on the solar photosphere. A combination of G-band observations and numerical simulations is used to determine their area distribution. An automatic detection algorithm, employing 1-dimensional intensity profiling, is utilized to identify these structures in the observed and simulated datasets. Both distributions peak at an area of $\approx$45000 km$^2$, with a sharp decrease towards smaller areas. The distributions conform with log-normal statistics, which suggests that flux fragmentation dominates over flux convergence. Radiative magneto-convection simulations indicate an independence in the MBP area distribution for differing magnetic flux densities. The most commonly occurring bright point size corresponds to the typical width of intergranular lanes.
description: Astrophysical Journal, accepted
Additional file 7 of Complete root specimen of plants grown in soil-filled root box: sampling, measuring, and staining method
Creators: name: Koyama, Takuya
name: Murakami, Shun
name: Karasawa, Toshihiko
name: Ejiri, Masato
name: Shiono, Katsuhiro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Figure S6. AM whole root specimens and AM root-external hyphae of two soybean cultivars: Nattoukotsubu (a) and Tachinagaha (b). The frame on the whole root specimens indicates the location of the close-up section. Arrows indicate AM root-external hyphae.
Discovery of VVV CL001. A Low-Mass Globular Cluster Next to UKS~1 in the Direction of the Galactic Bulge
Creators: name: Minniti, D.
name: Hempel, M.
name: Toledo, I.
name: Ivanov, V. D.
name: Alonso-García, J.
name: Saito, R.
name: Catelan, M.
name: Geisler, D.
name: Jordán, A.
name: Borissova, J.
name: Zoccali, M.
name: Kurtev, R.
name: Carraro, G.
name: Barbuy, B.
name: Clariá, J.
name: Rejkuba, M.
name: Emerson, J.
name: Bidin, C. Moni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: It is not known how many globular clusters may have been left undetected towards the Galactic bulge. Aims: One of the aims of the VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) Survey is to accurately measure the physical parameters of the known globular clusters in the inner regions of the Milky Way and to search for new ones, hidden in regions of large extinction. Methods: Deep near infrared images give deep JHKs-band photometry of a region surrounding the known globular cluster UKS 1 and reveal a new low-mass globular cluster candidate that we name VVV CL001. Results: We use the horizontal branch red clump in order to measure E(B-V)~2.2 mag, $(m-M)_0$=16.01 mag, and D=15.9 kpc for the globular cluster UKS 1. Based on the near-infrared colour magnitude diagrams, we also measure that VVV CL001 has E(B-V)~2.0, and that it is at least as metal-poor as UKS 1, however, its distance remains uncertain. Conclusions: Our finding confirms the previous projection that the central region of the Milky Way harbors more globular clusters. VVV CL001 and UKS 1 are good candidates for a physical cluster binary, but follow-up observations are needed to decide if they are located at the same distance and have similar radial velocities.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in A\&A
Casimir Scaling and String Breaking in G(2) Gluodynamics
Creators: name: Wellegehausen, Bjoern H.
name: Wipf, Andreas
name: Wozar, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the potential energy between static charges in G(2) gluodynamics in three and four dimensions. Our work is based on an efficient local hybrid Monte-Carlo algorithm and a multi-level Lüscher-Weisz algorithm with exponential error reduction to accurately measure expectation values of Wilson- and Polyakov loops. Both in three and four dimensions we show that at intermediate scales the string tensions for charges in various G(2)-representations scale with the second order Casimir. In three dimensions Casimir scaling is confirmed within one percent for charges in representations of dimensions 7, 14, 27, 64, 77, 77', 182 and 189 and in 4 dimensions within 5 percent for charges in representions of dimensions 7, 14, 27 and 64. In three dimensions we detect string breaking for charges in the two fundamental representations. The scale for string breaking agrees very well with the mass of the created pair of glue-lumps.
description: 20 pages, 17 figures
Kleinstaaten und sekundäre Akteure im Kalten Krieg: Politische, wirtschaftliche, militärische und kulturelle Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Europa und Lateinamerika
Creators: name: Manke, Albert
name: Březinová, Kateřina
Publisher: name: Transcript
Year: 2016

description: Welche Rolle spielten im Kalten Krieg Akteure, die im globalen Machtgefüge eine untergeordnete Stellung einnahmen? Inwieweit war es Kleinstaaten und sekundären Akteuren trotz ihrer Abhängigkeit von den Supermächten möglich, miteinander Kooperationen einzugehen – teils auch über die Schranken ideologischer Lager hinweg? Auf der Grundlage empirischer Quellenarbeit zeigen die Beiträge dieses Bandes am Beispiel transnationaler und transkultureller Verflechtungen zwischen staatlichen und nichtstaatlichen Akteuren (wie Wirtschaftsunternehmen, Solidaritätsgruppen und Kulturschaffenden) die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Europa (insbesondere Zentraleuropa) und Lateinamerika auf.

Mit einem Vorwort von Bernd Greiner.
Mobility in aging : clinical and neuroimaging studies
Creators: name: Bolandzadeh, Niousha
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Introduction: The world’s population is aging at an unprecedented rate. By 2050, the number of adults older than 60 years will double from 10% to 20%. This trend has immense implications, due to the prevalence of impaired physical and cognitive functions among older adults. Therefore, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms for these impairments and identify effective prevention strategies. White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are common findings on MRI scans of older adults, and are associated with both physical and cognitive decline. Key risk factors for WMHs are related to metabolic and cardiovascular health. Thus, due to the established and significant benefit of targeted exercise training on metabolic and cardiovascular health in older adults, we hypothesized that one mechanism by which exercise, and specifically resistance training (RT), promotes physical and cognitive functions is by reducing WMH progression among older adults. Methods: We explored the associations between WMHs and physical and cognitive functions in Chapters 2 to 4. In Chapter 5, we presented a randomized controlled trial of 52-week RT. Participants were randomized to either once-weekly RT, twice-weekly RT, or twice-weekly balance and tone. We investigated the effect of RT on WMH progression. Results: Results from Chapters 2 and 3 suggest that reduced WMH progression may translate to maintained, or improved, physical and cognitive functions. Chapter 4 demonstrated that physical function is important for cognitive health. Chapter 5 provided proof-of-concept evidence that RT has beneficial effects on WMH progression, which may translate to improved physical and cognitive function. Specifically, we found that reduced WMH progression was significantly iii associated with improved gait speed. Moreover, our results suggest this effect may be dose-dependent, as the significant reduction in WMH progression was only observed among those in the twice-weekly RT group, and not in the once-weekly RT group. Conclusion: We provided converging evidence from four separate studies leading to the conclusion that RT has beneficial effects on WMH progression. Since WMHs are demonstrated to have significant associations with physical and cognitive dysfunctions, we believe that exercise-induced reductions of WMHs progression might translate to improvements in physical and cognitive functions in older adults.
Additional file 1 of The mechanism of nicotinamide on reducing acute lung injury by inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB signal pathway
Creators: name: Zhang, Qun
name: Li, Junyao
name: Zhong, Haixia
name: Xu, Yanling
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Effect of NAM on IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in primary macrophages. Primary mouse macrophages were isolated and treated with NAM and LPS. The treatment method was the same as that in RAW264.7 cells. (a-c) The gene levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β were detected using qRT-PCR in raw264.7 and normalized to that of β-actin. The values are presented as the mean ± SD (*p
Evaluation Of An Hemp Genotype (Futura 75) For A Dual Purpose Production In A Semi-Arid Mediterranean Environment
Creators: name: Testa, Giorgio
name: Calcagno, Silvio
name: Guarnaccia, Paolo
name: Corinzia, Sebastiano Andrea
name: Patanè, Giancarlo
name: Scordia, Danilo
name: Cosentino, Salvatore Luciano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: In recent years it was observed a renewed interest for hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation, both as industrial and food crop. The interest as food crop lays in the nutritional values of hemp seeds mainly related to their high-quality oil and proteins contents. As reported by Amaducci et al. (2015), hemp fibre can also be used as reinforcement in composite materials, to produce insulation mats, car interior panels, and requested in bio-building sector to form concrete too. The possibility to cultivate hemp for a dual purpose use could improve the farmer revenue. The information regarding the dual purpose hemp cultivations are poor and even more in Mediterranean environments. In this respect the present study evaluated the adaptability of Futura 75 hemp genotype under the Mediterranean conditions of Southern Italy (Sicily).
A Protection Approach for Video Information transmitted in TCP/IP based networks
Creators: name: Stoianov, Nikolai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper an analysis of the existing video information protection methods is made. Analysis of current H.323 protocol stack has been made. A new encryption/decryption layer has been suggested. An approach for partial data encryption in the H.323 protocol stack is proposed and sample architecture of a Virtual Private Video Network is given.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures, 3rd INDECT/IEEE International Conference on MCSS on May 6th and 7th, Krakow, Poland
Generalized Geologic Map for Land-Use Planning: Gallatin County, Kentucky
Creators: name: Smath, Richard A.
name: Davidson, Bart
name: Carey, Daniel I.
name: Kiefer, John D.
name: Daniels, Ken
Publisher: name: Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky
Year: 2005

description: Abstract:
This map is not intended to be used for selecting individual sites. Its purpose is to inform land-use planners, government officials, and the public in a general way about geologic bedrock conditions that affect the selection of sites for various purposes. The properties of thick soils may supercede those of the underlying bedrock and should be considered on a site-to-site basis. At any site, it is important to understand the characteristics of both the soils and the underlying rock.
The charged top-pion production associated with the bottom quark pair as a probe of the topcolor-assisted technicolor model at the LHC
Creators: name: Liu, Guoli
name: Zhou, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The topcolor-assisted technicolor (TC2) model predicts the existence of the charged top-pions ($π_t^\pm$), whose large couplings with the third generation fermions will induce the charged top-pion production associated with the bottom and anti-bottom quark pair at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) through the parton processes $c\bar b \to π_t^+ b \bar b$ and $u\bar d(c\bar s) \to π_t^+ b \bar b$. In this paper we examine these productions and find that, due to the small Standard Model backgrounds, their production rates can exceed the $3σ$ sensitivity of the LHC in a large part of parameter space, so these processes may serve as a good probe for the TC2 model.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures; negligible changes in the text, notations for curves in Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b changed, references added
Additional file 2 of Patient-centered infertility questionnaire for female clients (PCIQ-F): part I: questionnaire development
Creators: name: Webair, Hana Hasan
name: Ismail, Tengku Alina Tengku
name: Ismail, Shaiful Bahari
name: Khaffaji, Azza Jameel
name: Hussain, Nik Hazlina Nik
name: Kadir, Azidah Abdul
name: Muhamad, Rosediani
name: Bakar, Fatin Aina Abu
name: Ismail, Nur Raihan
name: Badri, Nagwa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Patient-Centered Infertility Care for Female Clients (PCIQ-F) Draft Questionnaire.
Exploring the randomness of Directed Acyclic Networks
Creators: name: Goñi, Joaquín
name: Corominas-Murtra, Bernat
name: Solé, Ricard V.
name: Rodríguez-Caso, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The feed-forward relationship naturally observed in time-dependent processes and in a diverse number of real systems -such as some food-webs and electronic and neural wiring- can be described in terms of so-called directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). An important ingredient of the analysis of such networks is a proper comparison of their observed architecture against an ensemble of randomized graphs, thereby quantifying the {\em randomness} of the real systems with respect to suitable null models. This approximation is particularly relevant when the finite size and/or large connectivity of real systems make inadequate a comparison with the predictions obtained from the so-called {\em configuration model}. In this paper we analyze four methods of DAG randomization as defined by the desired combination of topological invariants (directed and undirected degree sequence and component distributions) aimed to be preserved. A highly ordered DAG, called \textit{snake}-graph and a Erd\:os-Rényi DAG were used to validate the performance of the algorithms. Finally, three real case studies, namely, the \textit{C. elegans} cell lineage network, a PhD student-advisor network and the Milgram's citation network were analyzed using each randomization method. Results show how the interpretation of degree-degree relations in DAGs respect to their randomized ensembles depend on the topological invariants imposed. In general, real DAGs provide disordered values, lower than the expected by chance when the directedness of the links is not preserved in the randomization process. Conversely, if the direction of the links is conserved throughout the randomization process, disorder indicators are close to the obtained from the null-model ensemble, although some deviations are observed.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures and 5 tables
Manipulating Photogalvanic Effects in Two-Dimensional Multiferroic Breathing Kagome Materials
Creators: name: Wang, Haonan
name: Yang, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiferroic materials, known for their multiple tunable orders, present an exceptional opportunity to manipulate nonlinear optical responses, which are sensitive to symmetry. In this study, we propose leveraging electric and magnetic fields to selectively control and switch specific types of photogalvanic effects in two-dimensional multiferroic breathing kagome materials. Taking monolayer Nb3I8 as an example, we demonstrate that the shift current, characterized by the real-space shift of electrons and holes, is predominantly unaffected by magnetic order. In contrast, injection current, featured by quantum metric dipole in momentum space, is closely related to valley polarization which can be controlled by magnetic field. Furthermore, both photocurrents can be reversed by out-of-plane electric field via the lattice breathing. Our findings reveal the potential of multiferroic beathing kagome structures for multifunctional optoelectronic applications and sensors.
description: 5 figures and 1 table
Diversity of microbial community structure and their association with phthalic acid esters and physicochemical parameters in informal landfills
Creators: name: Yin, Qin
name: Yan, Haihong
name: Guo, Xiaoya
name: Liang, Yu
name: Wang, Xingzhi
name: Nian, Yuegang
name: Wang, Haiyan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Informal landfill is a common waste treatment method employed in rural areas of China, and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are one of the typical pollutants in landfill leachate. However, there is no corresponding theoretical basis for whether microbial treatment technology can be used to reduce environmental risk of PAEs in informal landfills. Thus, a typical informal landfill site in northern China was selected and approximately 1,133,023 effective sequences were obtained from 21 samples collected from three layers (different deposit depths) of the landfill. This research explored the correlation between PAEs and the composition and distribution of microbial community in specific environments of informal landfill sites. Here we found that dis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP) were positively and significantly correlated with Bhargavaea, Planococcus, Virgibacillus, and Oceanobacillus, respectively. The redundancy analysis demonstrated that moisture content, pH, NO2
 −-N, and SUVA254 among the seven physicochemical factors (pH, TN, NO3
 −-N, NO2
 −-N, NH4
 +-N, SUVA254, and moisture content) significantly affected bacterial communities. The research conclusion can provide theoretical basis for the degradation technology of PAEs by microorganism and research basis for the treatment of informal landfill sites. Landfilling was a commonly adopted waste disposal method in China before the 1990s and was mostly practiced in the countryside. Informal landfills have brought many environmental problems. This research focused on microbial community distribution or structure in informal landfills and contaminations on-site, specifically their relationship with physicochemical factors, so as to put forward the theoretical basis for microbial remediation technology of informal landfills.
Randomized algorithms for solving large scale nonlinear least squares problems
Creators: name: Roosta-Khorasani, Farbod
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: This thesis presents key contributions towards devising highly efficient stochastic reconstruction algorithms for solving large scale inverse problems, where a large data set is available and the underlying physical systems is complex, e.g., modeled by partial differential equations (PDEs). We begin by developing stochastic and deterministic dimensionality reduction methods to transform the original large dimensional data set into the one with much smaller dimensions for which the computations are more manageable. We then incorporate such methods in our efficient stochastic reconstruction algorithms. In the presence of corrupted or missing data, many of such dimensionality reduction methods cannot be efficiently used. To alleviate this issue, in the context of PDE inverse problems, we develop and mathematically justify new techniques for replacing (or filling) the corrupted (or missing) parts of the data set. Our data replacement/completion methods are motivated by theory in Sobolev spaces, regarding the properties of weak solutions along the domain boundary. All of the stochastic dimensionality reduction techniques can be reformulated as Monte-Carlo (MC) methods for estimating the trace of a symmetric positive semi-definite (SPSD) matrix. In the next part of the present thesis, we present some probabilistic analysis of such randomized trace estimators and prove various computable and informative conditions for the sample size required for such Monte-Carlo methods in order to achieve a prescribed probabilistic relative accuracy. Although computationally efficient, a major drawback of any (randomized) approximation algorithm is the introduction of “uncertainty” in the overall procedure, which could cast doubt on the credibility of the obtained results. The last part of this thesis consists of uncertainty quantification of stochastic steps of our approximation algorithms presented earlier. As a result, we present highly efficient variants of our original algorithms where the degree of uncertainty can easily be quantified and adjusted, if needed. The uncertainty quantification presented in the last part of the thesis is an application of our novel results regarding the maximal and minimal tail probabilities of non-negative linear combinations of gamma random variables which can be considered independently of the rest of this thesis.
Additional file 1 of Imaging mass cytometry for high-dimensional tissue profiling in the eye
Creators: name: Schlecht, Anja
name: Boneva, Stefaniya
name: Salie, Henrike
name: Killmer, Saskia
name: Wolf, Julian
name: Hajdu, Rozina Ida
name: Auw-Haedrich, Claudia
name: Agostini, Hansjürgen
name: Reinhard, Thomas
name: Schlunck, Günther
name: Bengsch, Bertram
name: Lange, Clemens AK
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Supplemental Fig. 1: Overview of markers showing diffuse or absent staining in healthy conjunctiva and/or conjunctival melanoma. Nucleic acid labeling is shown in blue, respective markers in white.
Selfconsistent descriptions of vector-mesons in hot matter revisited
Creators: name: Riek, F.
name: Knoll, Jörn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Technical concepts are presented that improve the selfconsistent treatment of vector-mesons in a hot and dense medium. First applications concern an interacting gas of pions and rho mesons. As an extension of earlier studies we thereby include RPA-type vertex corrections and further use dispersion relations in order to calculate the real part of the vector-meson selfenergy. An improved projection method preserves the four transversality of the vector-meson polarisation tensor throughout the selfconsistent calculations, thereby keeping the scheme void of kinematical singularities.
description: 10 pages, 3 figure
Computational Science and Innovation
Creators: name: Dean, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulations - utilizing computers to solve complicated science and engineering problems - are a key ingredient of modern science. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is a world leader in the development of high-performance computing (HPC), the development of applied math and algorithms that utilize the full potential of HPC platforms, and the application of computing to science and engineering problems. An interesting general question is whether the DOE can strategically utilize its capability in simulations to advance innovation more broadly. In this article, I will argue that this is certainly possible.
description: 10 pages; INPC 2010 conference procedings
Escaping Particle fluxes in the atmospheres of close-in exoplanets: I. model of hydrogen
Creators: name: Guo, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A multi-fluid model for an atomic hydrogen-proton mixture in the upper atmosphere of extrosolar planet is presented when the continuity and momentum equations of each component have been already solved with an energy equation. The particle number density, the temperature distribution and the structure of velocity can be found by means of the model. We chose two special objects, HD 209458b and HD 189733b, as discussion samples and the conclusion is that their mass loss rates predicted by the model are in accordance with those of observation. The most important physical process in coupling each component is charge exchange which tightly couples atomic hydrogen with protons. Most of the hydrogen escaping from hot Jupiters is protons, especially in young star-planet system. We found that the single-fluid model can describe the escape of particles when the mass loss rate is higher than a few times $10^{9}$ g/s while below $10^{9}$ g/s the multi-fluid model is more suitable for it due to the decoupling of particles. We found that the predicted mass loss rates of HD 189733b with the assumption of energy-limit are a factor of 10 larger than that calculated by our models due to the high ionization degree. For the ionized wind which is almost compose of protons, the assumption of energy-limit is no longer effective. We fitted the mass loss rates of the ionized wind as a function of $F_{UV}$ by calculating the variation of the mass loss rates with UV fluxes.
description: 35 pages, 6 figures, submitted to ApJ
Additional file 2 of Imaging mass cytometry for high-dimensional tissue profiling in the eye
Creators: name: Schlecht, Anja
name: Boneva, Stefaniya
name: Salie, Henrike
name: Killmer, Saskia
name: Wolf, Julian
name: Hajdu, Rozina Ida
name: Auw-Haedrich, Claudia
name: Agostini, Hansjürgen
name: Reinhard, Thomas
name: Schlunck, Günther
name: Bengsch, Bertram
name: Lange, Clemens AK
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Supplemental Fig. 2: Heatmap illustrating average marker expression in each cluster.