cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Horseshoe crab eggs determine Red Knotdistribution in Delaware Bay
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2006

description: A decline in red knots (Calidris canutus rufa) has been attributed to horseshoe crab (limulus polyphemus) egg shortages on the Delaware Bay, an important foraging area for migrating knots. We studied the movements and distribution of 65 radiotagged red knots on Delaware Bay from May to June 2004 and related movements to the distribution and abundance of horseshoe crab eggs and other prey and to other habitat characteristics. The number of horseshoe crab eggs was the most important factor determining the use of Delaware Bay beaches by red knots (logistic regression cumulative Akaike's Information Criterion adjusted for small sample size (AICJ w = 0.99). The knots shifted from emergent marsh and peat-beaches to sandy Delaware Bay beach when crab eggs became abundant, which also suggested the importance of crab eggs. While red knots used sandy beach zones more than expected, given their availability, 44% of red knot low tide locations were in bay and coastal emergent marsh. The abundance of Don ax variabilis (AICc w = 0.95) and Mytilus edulis (AICc w = 0.94) spat, both food for red knots, had a relationship with red knot use of sandy beaches. Levels of disturbance and the abundance of laughing gulls (Larus atricilla) also were important factors in red knot sandy beach use, although secondary to prey resources (AICc w < 0.4). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the abundance of horseshoe crab eggs on sandy beaches is driving movement and distribution of red knots and that there is little alternative food during the migratory stopover in Delaware Bay. Our findings that red knots disproportionately use Delaware Bay sites with abundant eggs and that there is a lack of surplus eggs at areas used and unused by red knots support the continuation of management for sustained yield of horseshoe crabs and other food resources at this stopover.
Berry Twist: a Twisting-Tube Soft Robotic Gripper for Blackberry Harvesting
Creators: name: Elfferich, Johannes F.
name: Shahabi, Ebrahim
name: Della Santina, Cosimo
name: Dodou, Dimitra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As global demand for fruits and vegetables continues to rise, the agricultural industry faces challenges in securing adequate labor. Robotic harvesting devices offer a promising solution to solve this issue. However, harvesting delicate fruits, notably blackberries, poses unique challenges due to their fragility. This study introduces and evaluates a prototype robotic gripper specifically designed for blackberry harvesting. The gripper features an innovative fabric tube mechanism employing motorized twisting action to gently envelop the fruit, ensuring uniform pressure application and minimizing damage. Three types of tubes were developed, varying in elasticity and compressibility using foam padding, spandex, and food-safe cotton cheesecloth. Performance testing focused on assessing each gripper's ability to detach and release blackberries, with emphasis on quantifying damage rates. Results indicate the proposed gripper achieved an 82% success rate in detaching blackberries and a 95% success rate in releasing them, showcasing the promised potential for robotic harvesting applications.
The Shape of Word Embeddings: Quantifying Non-Isometry With Topological Data Analysis
Creators: name: Draganov, Ondřej
name: Skiena, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Word embeddings represent language vocabularies as clouds of $d$-dimensional points. We investigate how information is conveyed by the general shape of these clouds, instead of representing the semantic meaning of each token. Specifically, we use the notion of persistent homology from topological data analysis (TDA) to measure the distances between language pairs from the shape of their unlabeled embeddings. These distances quantify the degree of non-isometry of the embeddings. To distinguish whether these differences are random training errors or capture real information about the languages, we use the computed distance matrices to construct language phylogenetic trees over 81 Indo-European languages. Careful evaluation shows that our reconstructed trees exhibit strong and statistically-significant similarities to the reference.
description: Submitted to EMNLP Findings 2024. The code used is shared on GitHub: https://github.com/OnDraganov/shape-of-word-embeddings. URL of the publication: "https://aclanthology.org/2024.findings-emnlp.705"
A Scotogenic Model as a Prototype for Leptogenesis with One Single Gauge Singlet
Creators: name: Garbrecht, Björn
name: Wang, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the potential of a minimal Scotogenic model with two additional scalar doublets and a single heavy Majorana fermion to explain neutrino masses, dark matter, and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. In this minimal setup, Leptogenesis is purely flavored, and a second Majorana neutrino is not necessary because the Yukawa couplings of the extra doublets yield the necessary $CP$-odd phases. The mechanism we employ can also be applied to a wide range of scenarios with at least one singlet and two gauge multiplets. Despite stringent limits from the dark matter abundance, direct detection experiments, and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, we find a parametric region consistent with all bounds which could resolve the above shortcomings of the Standard Model of particle physics. Methodically, we improve on the calculation of correlations between the mixing scalar fields given their finite width. We also present an argument to justify the kinetic equilibrium approximation for out-of-equilibrium distribution functions often used in calculations of Baryogenesis and Leptogenesis.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures, matches journal version
Noncommutative Reissner-Nordström black hole from noncommutative charged scalar field
Creators: name: Ćirić, Marija Dimitrijević
name: Jurić, Tajron
name: Konjik, Nikola
name: Samsarov, Andjelo
name: Smolić, Ivica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the framework of noncommutative (NC) deformation of gauge field theory by the angular twist, we first rederive the NC scalar and gauge field model from our previous papers and then generalize it to the second order in the Seiberg-Witten (SW) map. It turns out that SW expansion is finite and that it ceases at the second order in the deformation parameter, ultimately giving rise to the equation of motion for the scalar field in Reissner--Nordström (RN) metric that is nonperturbative and exact at the same order. As a further step, we show that the effective metric put forth and constructed in our previous work satisfies the equations of Einstein-Maxwell gravity, but only within the first order of deformation and when the gauge field is fixed by the Coulomb potential of the charged black hole. Thus obtained NC deformation of the Reissner--Nordström (RN) metric appears to have an additional off-diagonal element which scales linearly with a deformation parameter. We analyze various properties of this metric.
description: 16 pages, improved version
Public hearing before Senate Special Committee toStudy Coastal and Ocean Pollution: the pretreatment ofindustrial waste waters prior to discharge into publiclyowned treatment works
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1987

description: The Committee will be taking testimony concerning the pretreatment ofindustrial waste waters prior to discharge into publicly owned treatment works.Pretreatment decreases the amount of hazardous substances entering a sewagetreatment plant and ultimately contaminating its sludge. Contaminated sludgesare ocean dumped.This is a rescheduling of the August hearing on this topic whichwas postponed.
Euphoria discicollis Species-Group
Creators: name: Orozco, Jesús
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cetoniidae
Euphoria
Euphoria discicollis

description: Euphoria discicollis Species-Group
(Appendix 3: Plate 5k–m)
The only member of this group resembles those in the verticalis and areata species-groups in the globular body shape and ecology, but it exhibits a unique combination of characters to warrant placement in a different group. Together with the areata and verticalis species-groups, this group exhibits a strongly reduced mesometasternal process and a rounded pronotal basal margin. It is distinguished from these two other species-groups by the following: clypeus without denticles; tibial teeth strongly developed; antennal club longer in males; pronotum with a color pattern, body without cretaceous markings; and tarsal claws as long as or longer than last tarsomere (shorter than the last tarsomere in all other species in the genus).
description: Published as part of Orozco, Jesús, 2012, Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), pp. 1-182 in The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) (mo 11) 66 on page 102, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4907222
Dischistodus melanotus
Creators: name: Andréfouët, Serge
name: Chen, Wei-Jen
name: Kinch, Jeff
name: Mana, Ralph
name: Russell, Barry C.
name: Tully, Dean
name: White, William T.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Pomacentridae
Dischistodus
Dischistodus melanotus

description: Dischistodus melanotus (Bleeker 1858) —Black-vent damselfish
Status at New Ireland. New record, based on specimens at St. KVGPMT 27 in Kavieng District by Serge Andréfouët on 16 Aug. 2014; a video of a specimen taken at Nubilus Island, off eastern New Hanover, at 3–32 m depth, St. KR 88, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell).
Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: Malaysia and Indonesia east to Yap and Papua New Guinea, south to Queensland (Australia). Found in sheltered coral reefs and lagoons, 1–10 m depth. Marine.
description: Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163
Qiskit-Torch-Module: Fast Prototyping of Quantum Neural Networks
Creators: name: Meyer, Nico
name: Ufrecht, Christian
name: Periyasamy, Maniraman
name: Plinge, Axel
name: Mutschler, Christopher
name: Scherer, Daniel D.
name: Maier, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum computer simulation software is an integral tool for the research efforts in the quantum computing community. An important aspect is the efficiency of respective frameworks, especially for training variational quantum algorithms. Focusing on the widely used Qiskit software environment, we develop the qiskit-torch-module. It improves runtime performance by two orders of magnitude over comparable libraries, while facilitating low-overhead integration with existing codebases. Moreover, the framework provides advanced tools for integrating quantum neural networks with PyTorch. The pipeline is tailored for single-machine compute systems, which constitute a widely employed setup in day-to-day research efforts.
description: Accepted to the IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE 2024), Montr\'eal, Qu\'ebec, Canada. 7 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables
Comprehensive Library of Variational LSE Solvers
Creators: name: Meyer, Nico
name: Röhn, Martin
name: Murauer, Jakob
name: Plinge, Axel
name: Mutschler, Christopher
name: Scherer, Daniel D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Linear systems of equations can be found in various mathematical domains, as well as in the field of machine learning. By employing noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, variational solvers promise to accelerate finding solutions for large systems. Although there is a wealth of theoretical research on these algorithms, only fragmentary implementations exist. To fill this gap, we have developed the variational-lse-solver framework, which realizes existing approaches in literature, and introduces several enhancements. The user-friendly interface is designed for researchers that work at the abstraction level of identifying and developing end-to-end applications.
description: Accepted to the 2nd International Workshop on Quantum Machine Learning: From Research to Practice (QML@QCE 2024), Montr\'eal, Qu\'ebec, Canada. 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Dischistodus perspicillatus
Creators: name: Andréfouët, Serge
name: Chen, Wei-Jen
name: Kinch, Jeff
name: Mana, Ralph
name: Russell, Barry C.
name: Tully, Dean
name: White, William T.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Pomacentridae
Dischistodus
Dischistodus perspicillatus

description: Dischistodus perspicillatus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830) —White damselfish
Status at New Ireland. New record, based on specimens observed at Kavieng fish market by Barry C. Russell during 7–28 June 2014. Specimens photographed at St. KVG19 (Bagail Bay, Kavieng District) by Serge Andréfouët on 19 Aug. 2014; a video of a specimen taken at Anelaua Island, off eastern New Hanover, at 3–16 m depth, St. KR 98, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell).
Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: Andaman Sea and Indonesia east to Yap (Caroline Islands) and Solomon Islands, north to Vietnam and Philippines, south to northern Australia. Found in coastal reefs or lagoons with sand or silt bottom, often in seagrass beds, 1–10 m depth. Marine.
description: Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163
Public hearing before Assembly CountyGovernment and Regional Authorities Committeeassembly bill no. 4105 (Requires the Department ofEnvironmental Protection to conduct a study of cumulativeimpact of resource recovery facilities on the environment,and also appropriate $75,00 to the Department ofEnvironmental Protection to conduct the study)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1989

description: The subject of the hearing will be Assembly Bill No. 4105, whichconcerns resource recovery facilities. The bill specifically requires theDepartment of Environmental Protection to conduct a study of thecumulative impact of resource recovery facilities on the environment,and also appropriates $75,000 to the Department of EnvironmentalProtection to conduct the study.
Parameterizations for Large-Scale Variational System Identification Using Unconstrained Optimization
Creators: name: Dutra, Dimas Abreu Archanjo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper details how to parameterize the posterior distribution of state-space systems to generate improved optimization problems for system identification using variational inference. Three different parameterizations of the assumed state-path posterior distribution are proposed based on this representation: time-varying, steady-state, and convolution smoother; each resulting in a different parameter estimator. In contrast to existing methods for variational system identification, the proposed estimators can be implemented with unconstrained optimization methods. Furthermore, when applied to mini-batches in conjunction with stochastic optimization, the convolution-smoother formulation enables identification of large linear and nonlinear state-space systems from very large datasets. For linear systems, the method achieves the same performance as the inherently sequential prediction-error methods using an embarrassingly parallel algorithm that benefits from large speedups when computed in modern graphical processing units (GPUs). The ability of the proposed estimators to identify large models, work with large datasets split into mini-batches, and work in parallel on GPUs make them well-suited for identifying deep models for applications in systems and control.
description: Accepted for publication in Automatica
Warm-Start Variational Quantum Policy Iteration
Creators: name: Meyer, Nico
name: Murauer, Jakob
name: Popov, Alexander
name: Ufrecht, Christian
name: Plinge, Axel
name: Mutschler, Christopher
name: Scherer, Daniel D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reinforcement learning is a powerful framework aiming to determine optimal behavior in highly complex decision-making scenarios. This objective can be achieved using policy iteration, which requires to solve a typically large linear system of equations. We propose the variational quantum policy iteration (VarQPI) algorithm, realizing this step with a NISQ-compatible quantum-enhanced subroutine. Its scalability is supported by an analysis of the structure of generic reinforcement learning environments, laying the foundation for potential quantum advantage with utility-scale quantum computers. Furthermore, we introduce the warm-start initialization variant (WS-VarQPI) that significantly reduces resource overhead. The algorithm solves a large FrozenLake environment with an underlying 256x256-dimensional linear system, indicating its practical robustness.
description: Accepted to the IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE 2024), Montr\'eal, Qu\'ebec, Canada. 9 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Ethmia pericentrota Meyrick 1926
Creators: name: Mey, Wolfram
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Elachistidae
Ethmia
Ethmia pericentrota

description: Ethmia pericentrota Meyrick, 1926
Material examined: 1 ♀, Namibia, Karibib, Otjipatera Mts., Etusis Lodge, 1086 m, 22º10.770′S; 15°44.221′E, 18–21.iii.2022, leg. W. Mey; 6 ♂ 2 ♀, Namibia, Etendeka Plateau, Palmwag Lodge, 26.ii.2008, leg. W. Mey (MfN).
Remarks: This species was described from Namibia, Owamboland. There are several specimens from different localities in RSA preserved in the DMNH, which indicates a wider distribution of the species in southern Africa.
description: Published as part of Mey, Wolfram, 2023, New data and species of Ethmiidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) from the Afrotropical Region, pp. 117-124 in Metamorphosis 34 (1) on page 117, DOI: 10.4314/met.v34i1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/14682335
Dischistodus prosopotaenia
Creators: name: Andréfouët, Serge
name: Chen, Wei-Jen
name: Kinch, Jeff
name: Mana, Ralph
name: Russell, Barry C.
name: Tully, Dean
name: White, William T.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Pomacentridae
Dischistodus
Dischistodus prosopotaenia

description: Dischistodus prosopotaenia (Bleeker 1852) —Honey-head damselfish
Status at New Ireland. First recorded from New Ireland by Allen & Erdmann (2012: 600); a video of a specimen taken at Anelaua Island, off eastern New Hanover, at 3–16 m depth, St. KR 98, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell); a specimen observed at Nusa Channel, Kavieng District, 0–19 m depth, St. T 2, on 30 Oct. 2006, by Gerald R. Allen.
Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: Eastern Andaman Sea and Indonesia east to Philippines and Solomon Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Found in coastal reefs or lagoons with sand and silt bottom, 1–12 m depth. Transitional water and marine.
description: Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163
Quantum algorithm for copula-based risk aggregation using orthogonal series density estimation
Creators: name: Mori, Hitomi
name: Miyamoto, Koichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Monte Carlo integration (QMCI) provides a quadratic speed-up over its classical counterpart, and its applications have been investigated in various fields, including finance. This paper considers its application to risk aggregation, one of the most important numerical tasks in financial risk management. Risk aggregation combines several risk variables and quantifies the total amount of risk, taking into account the correlation among them. For this task, there exists a useful tool called copula, with which the joint distribution can be generated from marginal distributions with a flexible correlation structure. Classically, the copula-based method utilizes sampling of risk variables. However, this procedure is not directly applicable to the quantum setting, where sampled values are not stored as classical data, and thus no efficient quantum algorithm is known. In this paper, we introduce a quantum algorithm for copula-based risk aggregation that is compatible with QMCI. In our algorithm, we first estimate each marginal distribution as a series of orthogonal functions, where the coefficients can be calculated with QMCI. Then, by plugging the marginal distributions into the copula and obtaining the joint distribution, we estimate risk measures using QMCI again. With this algorithm, nearly quadratic quantum speed-up can be obtained for sufficiently smooth marginal distributions.
Socioeconomic position and the transmission of psychological distress: a life course and intergenerational analysis of the panel study of income dynamics
Creators: name: Katic, Bozena J.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2018

description: Low socioeconomic position is associated with worse mental health, yet few studies have examined how socioeconomic patterning or fluctuations over the life course can influence later psychiatric symptoms. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we examined how income patterning across the life course and across generations impacts present-day psychological distress symptoms.
Open-system eigenstate thermalization in a noninteracting integrable model
Creators: name: Ptaszynski, Krzysztof
name: Esposito, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Significant attention has been devoted to the problem of thermalization of observables in isolated quantum setups by individual eigenstates. Here, we address this issue from an open quantum system perspective, examining an isolated setup where a small system (specifically, a single fermionic level) is coupled to a macroscopic fermionic bath. We argue that in such a model, despite its full integrability, the system observables exhibit thermalization when the system-bath setup resides in a typical eigenstate of its Hamiltonian, a phenomenon known as weak eigenstate thermalization. This thermalization occurs unless it is suppressed by localization due to strong coupling. We further show that following the quench of the system Hamiltonian, the system occupancy typically relaxes to the thermal value corresponding to the new Hamiltonian. Finally, we demonstrate that system thermalization also arises when the system is coupled to a bath that has been initialized in a typical eigenstate of its Hamiltonian. Our findings suggest that nonintegrability is not the sole driver of thermalization, highlighting the need for complementary approaches to fully understand the emergence of statistical mechanics.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures
To build or cultivate
Creators: name: Knight, Adam
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2018

description: Rebel governance appears to provide some of the raw materials necessary for democratization. Despite this, rebel governance does not appear to uniformly produce more democratic governance in the wake of civil wars. To address this, I develop a theory which predicts that rebels who cultivate political consciousness among their charges by eliciting input into their own administration contribute to postwar democratization. To test the theory, I adapt a rebel governance framework which emphasizes outputs—rather than the structures which produce them—and applied this framework to a novel dataset of 79 civil wars which ended between 1980 and 2006. I then test the theory using regression and proportional hazard models as well as by examining four cases in greater detail. These quantitative models show that feedback mechanisms—regular points of interaction between governor and governed—correlate with more democratic governance after civil wars and accelerate democratic transitions. The case studies confirm that building consciousness contributes to postwar democratic transition. These results suggest that regular interactions between rebels and civilians is an important factor in determining whether a state emerges from a civil war with more democratic governance than the status quo ante.
On the generic increase of observational entropy in isolated systems
Creators: name: Nagasawa, Teruaki
name: Kato, Kohtaro
name: Wakakuwa, Eyuri
name: Buscemi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observational entropy -- a quantity that unifies Boltzmann's entropy, Gibbs' entropy, von Neumann's macroscopic entropy, and the diagonal entropy -- has recently been argued to play a key role in a modern formulation of statistical mechanics. Here, relying on algebraic techniques taken from Petz's theory of statistical sufficiency and on a Lévy-type concentration bound, we prove rigorous theorems showing how the observational entropy of a system undergoing a unitary evolution chosen at random tends to increase with overwhelming probability and to reach its maximum very quickly. More precisely, we show that for any observation that is sufficiently coarse with respect to the size of the system, regardless of the initial state of the system (be it pure or mixed), random evolution renders its state practically indistinguishable from the uniform (i.e., maximally mixed) distribution with a probability approaching one as the size of the system grows. The same conclusion holds not only for random evolutions sampled according to the unitarily invariant Haar distribution, but also for approximate 2-designs, which are thought to provide a more physically and computationally reasonable model of random evolutions.
description: 13 pages, one figure; accepted version
Dischistodus pseudochrysopoecilus
Creators: name: Andréfouët, Serge
name: Chen, Wei-Jen
name: Kinch, Jeff
name: Mana, Ralph
name: Russell, Barry C.
name: Tully, Dean
name: White, William T.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Pomacentridae
Dischistodus
Dischistodus pseudochrysopoecilus

description: Dischistodus pseudochrysopoecilus (Allen & Robertson 1974) —Monarch damselfish
Status at New Ireland. New record, based on a video of a specimen taken at Anelaua Island, off eastern New Hanover, 4–12 m depth, St. KR130, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell).
Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1.—General distribution: Indonesia east to Philippines and Solomon Islands, south to Queensland (Australia). Found in coral thickets interspersed with open sand and dead coral, 1–5 m depth. Marine.
description: Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163
Quantum computational advantage with constant-temperature Gibbs sampling
Creators: name: Bergamaschi, Thiago
name: Chen, Chi-Fang
name: Liu, Yunchao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum system coupled to a bath at some fixed, finite temperature converges to its Gibbs state. This thermalization process defines a natural, physically-motivated model of quantum computation. However, whether quantum computational advantage can be achieved within this realistic physical setup has remained open, due to the challenge of finding systems that thermalize quickly, but are classically intractable. Here we consider sampling from the measurement outcome distribution of quantum Gibbs states at constant temperatures, and prove that this task demonstrates quantum computational advantage. We design a family of commuting local Hamiltonians (parent Hamiltonians of shallow quantum circuits) and prove that they rapidly converge to their Gibbs states under the standard physical model of thermalization (as a continuous-time quantum Markov chain). On the other hand, we show that no polynomial time classical algorithm can sample from the measurement outcome distribution by reducing to the classical hardness of sampling from noiseless shallow quantum circuits. The key step in the reduction is constructing a fault-tolerance scheme for shallow IQP circuits against input noise.
description: To appear in FOCS 2024. v2: Improved main result to constant locality
Hemiglyphidodon plagiometopon
Creators: name: Andréfouët, Serge
name: Chen, Wei-Jen
name: Kinch, Jeff
name: Mana, Ralph
name: Russell, Barry C.
name: Tully, Dean
name: White, William T.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Pomacentridae
Hemiglyphidodon
Hemiglyphidodon plagiometopon

description: Hemiglyphidodon plagiometopon (Bleeker 1852) —Lagoon damselfish
Status at New Ireland. First recorded from New Ireland by Allen & Erdmann (2012: 601); a video of a specimen taken at Anelaua Island, off eastern New Hanover, at 3–16 m depth, St. KR 98, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell); another video taken in Albatross Passage, southwestern Kavieng District, 3–13 m depth, St. KD 83, in 2014.
Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: Andaman Sea and Indonesia east to Palau and Solomon Islands, north to Philippines, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Found in sheltered coastal reefs and lagoons, 1–20 m depth. Marine.
description: Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163
Ethmia spyrathodes Meyrick 1922
Creators: name: Mey, Wolfram
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Elachistidae
Ethmia
Ethmia spyrathodes

description: Ethmia spyrathodes Meyrick, 1922
Material examined: 2 ♂, Kenya, Kakamega Forest, Byango Hill, 600 m, light trap 1, 14–17.x.2001, leg. L. Kühne; 5 ♂ 5 ♀, Uganda, Kibale National Park, Biological Field Station, 1500 m, 00°32.419′N; 30°21.772′E, 19– 24.xi.2014, at the lights, leg. W. Mey, genitalia slide Mey 48/23 (MfN). (all in MfN).
description: Published as part of Mey, Wolfram, 2023, New data and species of Ethmiidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) from the Afrotropical Region, pp. 117-124 in Metamorphosis 34 (1) on page 120, DOI: 10.4314/met.v34i1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/14682335
The Categorical Data Map: A Multidimensional Scaling-Based Approach
Creators: name: Dennig, Frederik L.
name: Joos, Lucas
name: Paetzold, Patrick
name: Blumberg, Daniela
name: Deussen, Oliver
name: Keim, Daniel A.
name: Fischer, Maximilian T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Categorical data does not have an intrinsic definition of distance or order, and therefore, established visualization techniques for categorical data only allow for a set-based or frequency-based analysis, e.g., through Euler diagrams or Parallel Sets, and do not support a similarity-based analysis. We present a novel dimensionality reduction-based visualization for categorical data, which is based on defining the distance of two data items as the number of varying attributes. Our technique enables users to pre-attentively detect groups of similar data items and observe the properties of the projection, such as attributes strongly influencing the embedding. Our prototype visually encodes data properties in an enhanced scatterplot-like visualization, encoding attributes in the background to show the distribution of categories. In addition, we propose two graph-based measures to quantify the plot's visual quality, which rank attributes according to their contribution to cluster cohesion. To demonstrate the capabilities of our similarity-based approach, we compare it to Euler diagrams and Parallel Sets regarding visual scalability and show its benefits through an expert study with five data scientists analyzing the Titanic and Mushroom datasets with up to 23 attributes and 8124 category combinations. Our results indicate that the Categorical Data Map offers an effective analysis method, especially for large datasets with a high number of category combinations.
description: Fully replaced; 10 pages, 9 figures, LaTeX; to appear at Visual Data Science (VDS) Symposium at IEEE VIS 2024
Chloeia kudenovi Barroso & Paiva 2011
Creators: name: Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Amphinomida
Amphinomidae
Chloeia
Chloeia kudenovi

description: Chloeia kudenovi Barroso & Paiva, 2011
Chloeia kudenovi Barroso & Paiva, 2011: 420–422, Figs 1, 2, Tab. 1; Craveiro et al. 2019: 303–304, Figs 1, 2.
Diagnosis. Chloeia with bipinnate branchiae from chaetiger 4, abruptly shorter in median and posterior chaetigers; dorsal cirri barely pigmented basally; harpoon notochaetae with smooth tines, or without spurs; neurochaetae spurred and furcates, major tines without denticles along inner margin.
Remarks. Chloeia kudenovi Barroso & Paiva, 2011 was described from Brazil. Barroso et al. (2021) have recently emended the description of this species, and no other specimens were available; C. kudenovi belongs in the group kudenovi by having bipinnate branchiae from chaetiger 4, abruptly shortened after a few chaetigers. As indicated in the key above, C. kudenovi resembles C. pocicola Barroso & Kudenov in Barroso et al. (2021), also described from Brazil, but they differ in pigmentation of dorsal cirri and in the type of furcate neurochaetae. In C. kudenovi dorsal cirri are pigmented basally, and its furcate neurochaetae have smooth tines, whereas in C. pocicola dorsal cirri are pigmented along their basal half, and its furcate neurochaetae have denticles along the inner margin.
description: Published as part of Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., 2023, Revision of Chloeia Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (Annelida, Amphinomidae), pp. 1-134 in Zootaxa 5238 (1) on page 79, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5238.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7621793
Neoglyphidodon melas
Creators: name: Andréfouët, Serge
name: Chen, Wei-Jen
name: Kinch, Jeff
name: Mana, Ralph
name: Russell, Barry C.
name: Tully, Dean
name: White, William T.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Pomacentridae
Neoglyphidodon
Neoglyphidodon melas

description: Neoglyphidodon melas (Valenciennes [ex Kuhl & Hasselt] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830)—Blackdamselfish
Status at New Ireland. New record, based on a video of a specimen taken in Steffen Strait, western Kavieng District at 3–18 m depth, St. KR68, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell); a specimen observed south of Nemto Island, New Hanover, 1–12 m depth, St. T24, on 7 Nov. 2006, by Gerald R. Allen.
Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: Red Sea, East Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Philippines and Vanuatu, north to Ryukyu Islands and southern Japan, south to northern Australia. Solitary on sheltered coastal reefs, in lagoons and on exposed offshore reefs, 1–12 m depth. Marine.
description: Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on pages 216-217, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163
Neutrino many-body flavor evolution: the full Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Cirigliano, Vincenzo
name: Sen, Srimoyee
name: Yamauchi, Yukari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study neutrino flavor evolution in the quantum many-body approach using the full neutrino-neutrino Hamiltonian, including the usually neglected terms that mediate non-forward scattering processes. Working in the occupation number representation with plane waves as single-particle states, we explore the time evolution of simple initial states with up to $N=10$ neutrinos. We discuss the time evolution of the Loschmidt echo, one body flavor and kinetic observables, and the one-body entanglement entropy. For the small systems considered, we observe `thermalization' of both flavor and momentum degrees of freedom on comparable time scales, with results converging towards expectation values computed within a microcanonical ensemble. We also observe that the inclusion of non-forward processes generates a faster flavor evolution compared to the one induced by the truncated (forward) Hamiltonian.
description: 21 pages, 16 figures
Analyses of medical device failures related to computing technology
Creators: name: Khanal, Deepak
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2018

description: Background: The adoption of computing technology in modern medical devices is ubiquitous. However, limited research currently exists on the role of computing technology on medical device failures and patient safety. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) collects and publishes reports of medical device events as a part of its Medical Device Reporting program, but the problem codes assigned to events in the published database do not appear to be reliable to identify computing technology-related events.    Methods: A supervised machine learning technique was designed and implemented to classify over 11 million natural-language narratives of medical device events reported to the FDA between 2007 and 2016 to identify events related to computing technology. The result of the classification was then used to analyze the events from several dimensions.    Results: A total of 5,110,200 reports of medical device events were submitted to the FDA between 2007 and 2016. Of these, 1,155,516 (22.61%) were related to computing technology. Number of computing technology-related medical device events reported to the FDA jumped nearly 7-fold from 37,679 in 2007 to 262,407 in 2016. Nearly all (99.36%) of these reports were submitted to the FDA by the manufacturers of devices, even though patients were the original reporters of the issues leading up to the submission in nearly a third (32.46%) of the events. A total of 3,449 medical device events related to computing technology were associated with patient deaths in the 10-year period. Also, events published by the FDA on its Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database were found to be missing problem codes in 62.74% of a sampled set (N=102) of events related to computing technology and inaccurate in 26.47% of the sampled events.    Conclusions: Computing technology-related events constitute a significant portion of medical device events reported to the FDA every year. Overall, these events are on an increasing trend on an absolute basis. Manufacturers are the submitters of nearly all of the computing technology-related medical device events reported to the FDA. Medical device events related to computing technology can cause serious adverse patient events, including death. Problem codes assigned to computing technology-related medical device events in the MAUDE database published by the FDA are inaccurate at a significant rate and should not be used in research.
Ethmia phricotypa Bradley 1975
Creators: name: Mey, Wolfram
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Elachistidae
Ethmia
Ethmia phricotypa

description: Ethmia phricotypa Bradley, 1975
Material examined: 1 ♀, Uganda, Kibale National Park, Biological Field Station, 1500 m, 00°32.419′N; 30°21.772′E, 19–24.xi.2014, at the lights, leg. W. Mey, genitalia slide Mey 48/23 (MfN).
description: Published as part of Mey, Wolfram, 2023, New data and species of Ethmiidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) from the Afrotropical Region, pp. 117-124 in Metamorphosis 34 (1) on page 120, DOI: 10.4314/met.v34i1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/14682335
Primordial Black Hole Formation in a Dust Bouncing Model
Creators: name: Barroso, E. J.
name: Demétrio, L. F.
name: Vitenti, S. D. P.
name: Ye, Xuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Linear scalar cosmological perturbations have increasing spectra in the contracting phase of bouncing models. We study the conditions for which these perturbations may collapse into primordial black holes and the hypothesis that these objects constitute a fraction of dark matter. We compute the critical density contrast that describes the collapse of matter perturbations in the flat-dust bounce model with a parametric solution, obtained from the Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi metric that represents the spherical collapse. We discuss the inability of the Newtonian gauge to describe perturbations in contracting models as the perturbative hypothesis does not hold in such cases. We carry the calculations for a different Gauge choice and compute the perturbations power spectra numerically. Finally, assuming a Gaussian distribution, we compute the primordial black hole abundance with the Press-Schechter formalism and compare it with observational constraints. From our analysis, we conclude that the primordial black hole formation in a dust-dominated contracting phase does not lead to a significant mass fraction of primordial black holes in dark matter today.
description: 39 pages, 8 figures
Chloeia macleayi Haswell 1879
Creators: name: Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Amphinomida
Amphinomidae
Chloeia
Chloeia macleayi

description: Chloeia macleayi Haswell, 1879 Indeterminable
Chloeia macleayi Haswell, 1879: 345–346; Hartman, 1959: 131.
Type locality. Cape Sidmouth (13°24'50.1" S, 143°35'41.5" E) in northeastern Australia.
Type material. Lost (Day & Hutchings 1979: 94).
Remarks. Haswell (1879: 345) described the species with one specimen from Cape Sidmouth, Northeastern Australia. He noted the median antennae had a discontinuous black stripe, that the second chaetiger had a large black spot on its ventral surface, and that branchiae, starting from chaetiger 4, had black stems and pale branches. For the dorsal pigmentation, he indicated “one indistinct, broad, oblique, dark band internal to the branchiae; and in the centre, two obscure dark spots, one behind the other” (Haswell 1879:345–346), and that dorsal cirri had a similar pigmentation as the median antenna. With these details, it cannot be inserted in the key to species above.
This might be close to C. amphora Horst, 1910, and to C. bimaculata Wang et al. 2019, but because there are no type material and the description is incomplete, it must be regarded as indeterminable.
description: Published as part of Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., 2023, Revision of Chloeia Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (Annelida, Amphinomidae), pp. 1-134 in Zootaxa 5238 (1) on page 81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5238.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7621793
Classifying two-body Hamiltonians for Quantum Darwinism
Creators: name: Doucet, Emery
name: Deffner, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Darwinism is a paradigm to understand how classically objective reality emerges from within a fundamentally quantum universe. Despite the growing attention that this field of research as been enjoying, it is currently not known what specific properties a given Hamiltonian describing a generic quantum system must have to allow the emergence of classicality. Therefore, in the present work, we consider a broadly applicable generic model of an arbitrary finite-dimensional system interacting with an environment formed from an arbitrary collection of finite-dimensional degrees of freedom via an unspecified, potentially time-dependent Hamiltonian containing at most two-body interaction terms. We show that such models support quantum Darwinism if the set of operators acting on the system which enter the Hamiltonian satisfy a set of commutation relations with a pointer observable and with one other. We demonstrate our results by analyzing a wide range of example systems: a qutrit interacting with a qubit environment, a qubit-qubit model with interactions alternating in time, and a series of collision models including a minimal model of a quantum Maxwell demon.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures