cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Maritime aerosol network as a component of AERONET – first results and comparison with global aerosol models and satellite retrievals
Creators: name: Smirnov, A.
name: Holben, B. N.
name: Giles, D. M.
name: Slutsker, I.
name: O'Neill, N. T.
name: Eck, Thomas
name: Macke, A.
name: Croot, P.
name: Courcoux, Y.
name: Sakerin, S. M.
name: Smyth, T. J.
name: Zielinski, T.
name: Zibordi, G.
name: Goes, J. I.
name: Harvey, M. J.
name: Quinn, P. K.
name: Nelson, N. B.
name: Radionov, V. F.
name: Duarte, C. M.
name: Losno, R.
name: Sciare, J.
name: Voss, K. J.
name: Kinne, S.
name: Nalli, N. R.
name: Joseph, E.
name: Krishna Moorthy, K.
name: Covert, D. S.
name: Gulev, S. K.
name: Milinevsky, G.
name: Larouche, P.
name: Belanger, S.
name: Horne, E.
name: Chin, M.
name: Remer, L. A.
name: Kahn, R. A.
name: Reid, J. S.
name: Schulz, M.
name: Heald, C. L.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Lapina, K.
name: Kleidman, R. G.
name: Griesfeller, J.
name: Gaitley, B. J.
name: Tan, Q.
name: Diehl, T. L.
Publisher: name: EGU
Year: 2011

description: The Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) has been collecting data over the oceans since November 2006. Over 80 cruises were completed through early 2010 with deployments continuing. Measurement areas included various parts of the Atlantic Ocean, the Northern and Southern Pacific Ocean, the South Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, the Arctic Ocean and inland seas. MAN deploys Microtops hand-held sunphotometers and utilizes a calibration procedure and data processing traceable to AERONET. Data collection included areas that previously had no aerosol optical depth (AOD) coverage at all, particularly vast areas of the Southern Ocean. The MAN data archive provides a valuable resource for aerosol studies in maritime environments. In the current paper we present results of AOD measurements over the oceans, and make a comparison with satellite AOD retrievals and model simulations.
Effect of wind speed on columnar aerosol optical properties at Midway Island
Creators: name: Smirnov, A.
name: Holben, B. N.
name: Eck, Thomas
name: Dubovik, O.
name: Slutsker, I.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2003
Subjects: AERONET
aerosol optical depth
atmospheric correction
maritime aerosol
wind speed

description: Aerosol optical properties over Midway Island in the central Pacific Ocean are considered in conjunction with the information on surface wind speed. In general, optical conditions over Midway resemble aerosol found over other maritime locations in the Pacific Ocean (Lanai, Tahiti, and Nauru). The most frequently occurring values of aerosol optical depth at 500-nm wavelength and Angstrom parameter are 0.06 and ?0.40, respectively. Empirical relationships are established between columnar aerosol optical properties and surface wind speed. Increased emission of sea-salt aerosols at greater wind speeds primarily influenced aerosol optical depth at infrared wavelengths. The correlation coefficient between 24 hour average surface wind speed and aerosol optical depth, although not high (0.52 at a 1020 nm wavelength), is statistically significant at a 99% confidence level. Wind speed anticorrelates with the Angstrom parameter owing to an influx of large particles from the surface. Wind speed influences primarily the coarse fraction (radius > 0.5 ?m) concentration of the retrieved columnar size distribution (correlation coefficient 0.56). Effective radii of the retrieved fine and coarse modes are found to be independent of wind speed. Average size distributions for various wind speed bins can be very well simulated with the maritime aerosol component model.
Seven years of global retrieval of cloud properties using space-borne data of GOME
Creators: name: Lelli, L.
name: Kokhanovsky, A. A.
name: Rozanov, V. V.
name: Vountas, M.
name: Sayer, Andrew
name: Burrows, J. P.
Publisher: name: EGU
Year: 2012

description: We present a global and regional multi-annual (June 1996–May 2003) analysis of cloud properties (spherical cloud albedo – CA, cloud optical thickness – COT and cloud top height – CTH) of optically thick (COT > 5) clouds, derived using measurements from the GOME instrument on board the ESA ERS-2 space platform. We focus on cloud top height, which is obtained from top-of-atmosphere backscattered solar light measurements in the O2 A-band using the Semi-Analytical CloUd Retrieval Algorithm SACURA. The physical framework relies on the asymptotic equations of radiative transfer. The dataset has been validated against independent ground- and satellite-based retrievals and is aimed to support trace-gases retrievals as well as to create a robust long-term climatology together with SCIAMACHY and GOME-2 ensuing retrievals. We observed the El Niño-Southern Oscillation anomaly in the 1997–1998 record through CTH values over the Pacific Ocean. The global average CTH as derived from GOME is 5.6 ± 3.2 km, for a corresponding average COT of 19.1 ± 13.9.
title: Cartography as a spatial science
Creators: name: Pápay, Gyula
Publisher: name: KartDok - Repositorium Kartographie
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image science
subject: spatial science
subject: semiotics
subject: theoretical cartography
subject: Bildwissenschaft
subject: Raumwissenschaft
subject: Semiotik
subject: Theoretische Kartografie
subject: 520

description: The paper contains a historical overview of the development of cartography and its relations to other sciences, including astronomy, mathematics, geodesy and photogrammetry. Different approaches to understanding spatial concepts in cartography are presented. An approach to understanding cartographic space from the perspective of image and spatial sciences is further developed. This is mainly the concept of "concrete visual space" and its cartographic relationship.
description: Der Beitrag enthält einen historischen Überblick über die Entwicklung der Kartographie und ihre Beziehungen zu anderen Wissenschaften, darunter Astronomie, Mathematik, Geodäsie. Es werden verschiedene Ansätze zum Verständnis räumlicher Konzepte in der Kartographie vorgestellt. Es wird weiterhin ein Ansatz zum Verständnis des kartografischen Raums aus der Perspektive der Bild- und Raumwissenschaften entwickelt. Es handelt sich dabei vor allem um das Konzept des "konkreten visuellen Raums" und um seine kartographische Beziehung.
Enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolizing microorganisms on the oral mucosa of tobacco users
Creators: name: Tao, Lin
name: Chiarelli, M Paul
name: Pavlova, Sylvia
name: Kolokythas, Antonia
name: Schwartz, Joel
name: DeFrancesco, James
name: Salameh, Benjamin
name: Green, Stefan J
name: Adami, Guy
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3107
subject: Microbiology
classificationCode: 41
subject: Environmental sciences

description: Certain soil microbes resist and metabolize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The same is true for a subset of skin microbes. In the human mouth, oral microbes have the potential to oxidize tobacco PAHs, thereby increasing these chemicals' ability to cause cancer of adjacent epithelium. We hypothesized that we could identify, in smokers, the oral mucosal microbes that can metabolize PAH. We isolated bacteria and fungi that survived long-term in minimal media with PAHs as the sole carbon source, under aerobic conditions, from the oral mucosa in 17 of 26 smokers and two of 14 nonsmokers. Of bacteria genera that survived harsh PAH exposure in vitro, most were found at trace levels, except for Staphylococcus, Actinomyces, and Kingella, which were more abundant. Two PAH-resistant strains of Candida albicans (C. albicans) were isolated from smokers. C. albicans was a prime candidate to contribute to carcinogenesis in tobacco users as it is found orally at high levels in tobacco users on the mucosa, and some Candida species can metabolize PAHs. However, when C. albicans isolates were tested for metabolism of two model PAH substrates, pyrene and phenanthrene, they were not capable, suggesting they cannot metabolize PAH under the conditions used. In conclusion, evidence for large scale microbial degradation of tobacco PAHs under aerobic conditions on the oral mucosa remains lacking, though nonabundant PAH metabolizers are certainly present.
MARKOV ZANJIRI USULI VA O'LCHANGAN SHAMOL TEZLIKLARIDAN FOYDALANGAN HOLDA YANGI SHAMOL TEZLIKLARINI BASHORAT QILISH
Creators: name: Kurbonov, Nurali
name: Mansurov, Faxriddin
name: Eshtemirov, Jamshidbek
name: Panjiyev, Asilbek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada Markov zanjiri, boshqacha qilib aytganda, o'tish matritsalari yordamida shamol tezligini bashorat qilish usuli muhokama qilinadi. Mavzuni o'rganayotganda shuni ta'kidlash kerakki, bu usul haqiqiy qiymatlarga juda yaqin bo'lgan ma'lumotlarni yaratish (prognozlash) uchun foydalidir. Shamol fermalaridan olingan shamol tezligi ma'lumotlari ko'pincha turli sabablarga ko'ra o'lchov bo'shliqlariga ega. Natijalar shuni ko'rsatadiki, Markov zanjiri ma'lumotlar seriyasidagi qisqa muddatli bo'shliqlarni to'ldirishning juda samarali usuli hisoblanadi.
title: История искусств
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Профобразование
Year: 2024

description: Учебное пособие представляет собой обзор культурного наследия мирового сообщества на протяжении основных периодов: Первобытного общества, Древнего мира, Средних веков, эпохи Возрождения, Нового времени и современности. Каждый раздел освещает особенности искусства эпохи в тесной связи с историко-социальной проблематикой этого времени и содержит подборку иллюстративного материала. Издание также включает темы докладов и рефератов, списки рекомендуемой литературы в конце каждой темы, рекомендации по самостоятельной работе студентов. Учебное пособие предназначено для изучения дисциплины «История искусств» по укрупненным группам специальностей и профессий среднего профессионального образования «Изобразительное и прикладные виды искусств».
Differences in arctic tundra vegetation type and phenology as seen using bidirectional radiometry in the early growing season
Creators: name: Vierling, Lee A.
name: Deering, Donald W.
name: Eck, Thomas
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 1997

description: Ground-based nadir and off-nadir radiometric measurements were collected on the North Slope of Alaska in early June to determine their utility in 1) differentiating arctic tundra vegetation community types through remote sensing, and 2) examining differences in structure and phenology of arctic tundra vegetation communities. We employed a PS-II (personal spectrometer II) portable field spectroradiometer to measure narrow-band spectra at nadir and the PARABOLA (portable apparatus for rapid acquisition of bidirectional observations of the land and atmosphere) three-channel radiometer to gather bidirectional radiometric data over almost the complete ground hemisphere. Measurements were taken at a lowland wet sedge site and at two tussock tundra sites containing different amounts of woody deciduous shrub cover. PS-II nadir measurements alone allowed spectral differentiation between the highly senescent wet sedge site and the two relatively greener tussock tundra sites but did not allow clear discrimination between tussock tundra sites. Off-nadir measurements, however, permitted good discrimination between the two tussock tundra sites. For example, the reflectance-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVIp) difference between the tussock tundra sites at a 75° forward-scatter view angle averaged 26% over a range of solar zenith angles (?sS). Similarly, NDVIp calculated from PARABOLA spectral hemispheric data averaged 6% higher in woody tussock tundra than in nonwoody tussock tundra. Differences between the tussock sites calculated by using NDVI based on hemispheric radiance (NDVIL) were greater than those calculated by using hemispheric NDVIp by approximately a factor of two regardless of ?s Measurements taken when ?s=75° generally exhibited the largest differences between NDVI at the two tussock tundra sites. Although nadir measurements exhibited minimal differences between tussock tundra types, bidirectional and hemispheric-based NDVI values revealed differences in tussock tundra woody vegetation cover because large view zenith angles were sensitive to the woody shrub foliage that extends above the hummocky tundra surface in early spring. These results may be useful for detecting changes in tundra woody cover through time.
title: Empfehlungen von Bürgerinnen und Bürgern für die Entwicklung einer vorsorgenden Klimaanpassungsstrategie
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Umweltbundesamt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Klimawandel
subject: Klimaanpassung
subject: Bürgerbeteiligung
subject: Partizipation
subject: Politikberatung
subject: Lebensqualität
subject: Klima | Energie

description: Die Bundesregierung entwickelt derzeit die Deutsche ⁠Anpassungsstrategie⁠ aus dem Jahr 2008 zu einer neuen, vorsorgenden ⁠Anpassungsstrategie⁠ an den ⁠Klimawandel⁠ weiter. Mit dem „Dialog KlimaAnpassung – Leben im Klimawandel gemeinsam meistern“ wurden im Herbst 2023 zum einen Fachleute der Bundesländer, der Wissenschaft und der Verbände, zum anderen Bürgerinnen und Bürger beteiligt. Die Empfehlungen aus fünf regionalen Dialogen mit insgesamt 331 zufällig ausgewählten Bürgerinnen und Bürgern dokumentieren einen Teil der Beteiligungsergebnisse. Die Broschüre präsentiert die regionsübergreifenden Kernbotschaften zur Klimaanpassung sowie die zugrunde liegenden Empfehlungen aus den fünf Regionen.
Aerosol and surface properties characterization from joint inversion of ground-based and satellite observations
Creators: name: Sinyuk, Alexander
name: Dubovik, Oleg
name: Holben, Brent
name: Eck, Thomas
name: Breon, Francois-Marie
name: Martonchik, John
name: Kahn, Ralph
name: Diner, David J.
name: Vermote, Eric F.
name: Roger, Jean-Claude
name: Lapyonok, Tatyana
name: Slutsker, Ilya
Publisher: name: Optica
Year: 2007
Subjects: Aerosols
Refractive index
Albedo
Atmospheric properties
Optical properties
Viewing angles

description: A method for simultaneously retrieving aerosol and surface parameters from ground based and satellite observations collocated in space and time is presented. The improvements in aerosol and surface reflectance characterization are discussed.
1,4-CHD_Si(001)-2x1.xyz
Creators: name: Uliankina, Anastasiia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 340701
subject: Computational chemistry

description: The xyz-coordinates of the optimized structures of 1,4-cyclohexadiene on Si(001) are presented. The surface slab is designated as Si(001)-m×n×l, where m is the number of rows of Si=Si dimers, n is the number of Si=Si dimers within one row, l is the thickness of the slab measured in silicon atoms.
Directional Radiance Distributions Above And Witihn A Forest Canopy
Creators: name: Deering, D. W.
name: Eck, Thomas
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 1990
Subjects: Optical sensors
Anisotropic magnetoresistance
Bidirectional control
Area measurement
Distribution functions
Earth
Land surface
Radiometry
Remote monitoring
Satellite broadcasting

description: 10th Annual International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 20-24 May 1990, College Park, MD, USA
description: A multidirectional field radiometer was adapted for measuring directional radiances both above and below a boreal forest canopy to examine the total f canopy system optical-reflective radiative transfer characteristics and to validate plant canopy models. Analyses of the reflected radiances above the canopy reveal a highly anisotropic bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) with a sub­ stantial forwardscatler but a considerably stronger bacbcatter. Tbe characteristics of the forest BRDF vary with solar zeoith angle, .. has been obseJved to be the usual case in all olber green plant cmK>pies previously examined. However, the anisotropy was found to be considerably greater at the larger solar 1.ellith angles for the Maine spruce-hemlock forest than bas been ob8erved for other land surfaces, at least for the limitad range of solar zeniths available in September. But at the smaller solar zenith aniles, the forest was found to have slightly less anisotropy in the near-infrared spectral band than a scrub oak plant community and less anisotropy than a prairie arassland. Keywords: Bidirectional reflectance, BRDF, boreal forest, anisotropy, transmittance.
title: История отечественной культуры (конец X — XVII в.)
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Профобразование
Year: 2024

description: В учебном пособии анализируются основные этапы развития отечественной культуры с конца X в. до конца XVII в. Дана характеристика выдающихся произведений изобразительного искусства и литературы. Показана связь культурных процессов с социально-экономической и политической историей восточнославянских земель. Особое внимание уделено выявлению специфических черт русской средневековой культуры. Учебное пособие предназначено для изучения дисциплины «История отечественной культуры» по специальностям среднего профессионального образования «Гостиничный сервис», «Народное художественное творчество», «Социально-культурная деятельность (по видам)».
Characterising the regolith profile of the E41 Gold Deposit, Cowal, NSW : implications for orepProcessing and mineral exploration
Creators: name: Keeble, Harrison
Publisher: name: University of Tasmania
Year: 2024

description: Endeavour 41 is a structurally controlled low-sulfidation epithermal gold deposit in the Cowal district of central New South Wales. This deposit is distinguished by an extensive regolith profile that hosts several highly enriched supergene gold mineralisation zones. Considering that over 80% of Australia is covered by regolith, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the structure, mineralogy, and gold deportment within the Endeavour 41regolith profile holds substantial significance. These knowledge plays significant role, shaping mine planning and ore processing strategies.
The regolith at Endeavour 41 comprises five distinct facies, including four residual and one transported regolith facies. Beneath the altered mafic monzonite and volcano-sedimentary sequences, are overlaid by saprock (10 – 30 m thick), representing the least developed portion of the regolith profile. Progressing in depth, lower ferruginous saprolite was encountered (10 – 75 m thick), which is characterised by a large portion of Fe-oxides and limonites. The upper kaolinitic saprolite (10 – 25 m thick) represents the most advanced stage of regolith developed, with primary minerals extensively weathered and replaced by kaolinite. A thin layer of indurated silcrete (1 – 3 m) marks the boundary between the residual and transported regolith. The entire deposit is covered by a 5 – 10 meters thick layer of lacustrine sediments, originating from ephemeral Lake Cowal to the east of the deposit.
Detailed mineralogical, geochemical, and spectral analysis of the regolith have unveiled high?grade gold mineralisation (exceeding 20 g/t) in the regolith profile. Gold is hosted as free gold and electrum grains, closely associated with goethite in limonite aggregates, and as lattice?bound gold within iron-oxides, indicative of pseudomorphs derived from primary pyrite alteration to goethite and hematite. The prevalence of the lattice-bound gold endorses significant supergene enrichment across the deposit, due to the significant development of iron oxides across the regolith profile.
Based on the whole rock geochemical analysis, distinct mineral weathering boundaries and geochemical profiles for each regolith facies have been identified. of an alternative proxy technique for gathering geochemical data.
Partial least squares regression using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data was employed to predict elemental geochemistry data with a remarkable degree of accuracy. Notably, major elements such as iron, aluminium, and calcium, exhibited exceptional prediction success (with R2 of 97.1, 98.28 and 96.21, respectively). This ground-breaking finding holds the potential to directly predict whole rock elemental geochemistry data from FTIR spectral data, offering a more cost-effective, efficient, and safer approach.
Assessment of smoke aerosol impact on surface solar irradiance measured in the Rondônia region of Brazil during Smoke, Clouds, and Radiation - Brazil
Creators: name: Tarasova, T. A.
name: Nobre, C. A.
name: Holben, B. N.
name: Eck, Thomas
name: Setzer, A.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 1999

description: The impact of smoke aerosols on the surface solar irradiance in the Rondônia region of Brazil is examined. The climate of this region is subequatorial with two distinct seasons. There is a sharp decline of the precipitation and cloudiness during the dry season which lasts from June to September accompanied by anthropogenic burning of savanna and forest in August and September with the resultant strong emission of smoke into the troposphere. Thus the magnitude of the column aerosol optical depth increases in these months while both precipitable water and cloud amount decrease in accordance with the seasonal cycle of humidity. All these atmospheric constituents influence the magnitude of the solar irradiance at the surface. In order to assess the aerosol and gaseous effects on the surface irradiance as compared with impact of cloudiness, we performed the clear-sky radiative transfer model calculations by employing a broadband radiation code and both aerosol optical depth and precipitable water retrieved from Sun photometer measurements. Calculation results show that the elevated aerosol optical depth observed in Rondônia during August and September causes a negative trend in the daily mean clear-sky surface solar irradiance during this period. Since the daily mean solar irradiance measured at the surface under all-sky conditions demonstrates a similar negative trend, it can be explained by the aerosol influence while the effect of clouds appears in the daily variations of the irradiance. It was also shown that smoke aerosols cause a decrease of the monthly mean values of all-sky surface irradiance in August and September as compared with July and October. Corresponding decreases in the near surface air temperature due to the smoke aerosols were not found.
title: Il documentario nella Sardegna del nuovo millennio
Creators: name: Floris, Antioco
name: Bruni, David
Publisher: name: UNICApress
Year: 2024

description: Il volume scaturisce da un progetto di ricerca finalizzato a elaborare una mappatura della produzione del documentario in Sardegna dagli inizi del nuovo millennio fino a oggi ed è dedicato a questo specifico ambito cinematografico e audiovisivo, in espansione evidente sul piano produttivo e contraddistinto da una notevole varietà e ricchezza sul versante formale. La crescita del documentario negli ultimissimi decenni, propiziata da una serie di fattori concomitanti che scaturiscono da interventi legislativi mirati e dall’attività di vari enti e istituzioni, ha contributo a valorizzare risorse culturali, paesaggistiche e professionali dell’Isola dando luogo a esiti assai significativi e ricchi di molteplici ricadute. Per questo motivo, l’ottica adottata nei diversi contributi inclusi nel presente libro è necessariamente multidisciplinare e si fonda sull’adozione di competenze differenziate, in grado di cogliere gli aspetti storici, estetici, linguistici e culturali del fenomeno indagato, assieme a quelli di natura socieconomica e legati alle logiche di mercato. L’obiettivo è quello di fornire le coordinate del contesto produttivo in cui i documentari vengono realizzati ma anche quello di offrire un quadro conoscitivo ben definito e aggiornato, a disposizione di una platea potenzialmente vasta di fruitori, che contempla gli operatori del settore, gli amministratori locali e regionali, i ricercatori universitari e indipendenti, le aziende e gli enti (pubblici e privati). Infine, i contenuti di questo volume sono da considerarsi complementari al data base contenente i dati quantitativi del censimento effettuato, che ha portato all’individuazione di centinaia di titoli realizzati nel periodo in questione, consultabile pubblicamente all’indirizzo https://cinema.dh.unica.it/mados/
SeaWiFS Ocean Aerosol Retrieval (SOAR): Algorithm, validation, and comparison with other data sets
Creators: name: Sayer, Andrew
name: Hsu, N. C.
name: Bettenhausen, C.
name: Ahmad, Z.
name: Holben, B. N.
name: Smirnov, A.
name: Thomas, G. E.
name: Zhang, J.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2012
Subjects: AERONET
aerosol
ocean
remote sensing
retrieval
SeaWiFS

description: The Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) provides a well-calibrated 13-year (1997–2010) record of top-of-atmosphere radiance, suitable for use in retrieval of atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD). This paper presents and validates a SeaWiFS Ocean Aerosol Retrieval (SOAR) algorithm, which retrieves the AOD at 550 nm and the partition of aerosol particle volume between fine and coarse modes. The algorithm has been applied over water to the whole SeaWiFS record. The data set includes quality flags to identify those retrievals suitable for quantitative use. SOAR has been validated against Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) data and found to compare well (correlation 0.86 at 550 nm and 0.88 at 870 nm for AERONET, and 0.87 at 550 nm and 0.85 at 870 nm for MAN, using recommended quality control settings). These comparisons are used to identify the typical level of uncertainty on the AOD, estimated as 0.03 + 15% at 550 nm and 0.03 + 10% at 870 nm. The data set also includes the Ångström exponent, although as expected this is noisy for low aerosol loadings (correlation 0.50; 0.78 for points where the AOD at 550 nm is 0.3 or more). Retrieved AOD is compared with colocated observations from other satellite sensors; regional and seasonal patterns are found to be common between all data sets, and differences generally linked to factors such as cloud screening and retrieval assumptions.
Sunphotometer network for monitoring aerosol properties in the Brazilian Amazon
Creators: name: Holben, Brent N.
name: Eck, Thomas
name: Setzer, A.
name: Pereira, Alfredo
name: Vermote, E.
name: Reagan, J. A.
name: Kaufman, Y. A.
name: Tanre, D.
name: Slutsker, I.
Publisher: name: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
Year: 1993
Subjects: Earth Resources And Remote Sensing

description: Compton Symposium, Saint Louis, MO, October 1, 1992
description: Satellite platforms have provided a methodology for regional and global remote sensing of aerosols. New systems will significantly improve that capability during the EOS era; however, the voluminous 20 year record of satellite data has produced only regional snapshots of aerosol loading and have not yielded a data base of the optical properties of those aerosols which are fundamental to our understanding of their influence on climate change. The prospect of fully understanding the properties of the aerosols with respect to climate change is small without validation and augmentation by ancillary ground based observations. Sun photometry was demonstrated to be an effective tool for ground based measurements of aerosol optical properties from fire emissions. Newer technology has expanded routine sun photometer measurements to spectral observations of solar aureole and almucantar allowing retrievals of size distribution, scattering phase function, and refractive index. A series of such observations were made in Brazil's Amazon basin from a network of six simultaneously recording instruments deployed in Sep. 1992. The instruments were located in areas removed from local aerosol sources such that sites are representative of regional aerosol conditions. The overall network was designed to cover the counter clockwise tropospheric circulation of the Amazon Basin. Spectral measurements of sun, aureole and sky data for retrieval of aerosol optical thickness, particle size distribution, and scattering phase function as well as measurements of precipitable water were made during noncloudy conditions.
The Collection 6 MODIS aerosol products over land and ocean
Creators: name: Levy, R. C.
name: Mattoo, S.
name: Munchak, L. A.
name: Remer, L. A.
name: Sayer, Andrew
name: Patadia, F.
name: Hsu, N. C.
Publisher: name: EGU
Year: 2013

description: The twin Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors have been flying on Terra since 2000 and Aqua since 2002, creating an extensive data set of global Earth observations. Here, we introduce the Collection 6 (C6) algorithm to retrieve aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol size parameters from MODIS-observed spectral reflectance. While not a major overhaul from the previous Collection 5 (C5) version, there are enough changes that there are significant impacts to the products and their interpretation. The C6 aerosol data set will be created from three separate retrieval algorithms that operate over different surface types. These are the two "Dark Target" (DT) algorithms for retrieving (1) over ocean (dark in visible and longer wavelengths) and (2) over vegetated/dark-soiled land (dark in the visible), plus the "Deep Blue" (DB) algorithm developed originally for retrieving (3) over desert/arid land (bright in the visible). Here, we focus on DT-ocean and DT-land (#1 and #2). We have updated assumptions for central wavelengths, Rayleigh optical depths and gas (H2O, O3, CO2, etc.) absorption corrections, while relaxing the solar zenith angle limit (up to ≤ 84°) to increase poleward coverage. For DT-land, we have updated the cloud mask to allow heavy smoke retrievals, fine-tuned the assignments for aerosol type as function of season/location, corrected bugs in the Quality Assurance (QA) logic, and added diagnostic parameters such topographic altitude. For DT-ocean, improvements include a revised cloud mask for thin-cirrus detection, inclusion of wind speed dependence on the surface reflectance, updates to logic of QA Confidence flag (QAC) assignment, and additions of important diagnostic information. At the same time, we quantified how "upstream" changes to instrument calibration, land/sea masking and cloud masking will also impact the statistics of global AOD, and affect Terra and Aqua differently. For Aqua, all changes will result in reduced global AOD (by 0.02) over ocean and increased AOD (by 0.02) over land, along with changes in spatial coverage. We compared preliminary data to surface-based sun photometer data, and show that C6 should improve upon C5. C6 will include a merged DT/DB product over semi-arid land surfaces for reduced-gap coverage and better visualization, and new information about clouds in the aerosol field. Responding to the needs of the air quality community, in addition to the standard 10 km product, C6 will include a global (DT-land and DT-ocean) aerosol product at 3 km resolution.
title: История России
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Профобразование
Year: 2024

description: В учебном пособии описаны основные явления, события и факты развития исторического процесса в России с древности до 1990-х гг. По каждой теме приведены вопросы для обсуждения и списки рекомендуемой литературы, отражающей современное состояние исследований по различным периодам и проблемам отечественной истории. Издание нацелено на формирование у студентов представлений о социально-экономических, политических и культурных процессах, происходивших в истории России с древности до современности. Учебное пособие предназначено для изучения дисциплины «История» по всем профессиям и специальностям среднего профессионального образования. Издание рекомендовано Экспертным советом Федерального учебно-методического объединения в системе среднего профессионального образования по укрупненной группе профессий, специальностей «Машиностроение».
Satellite-Based Assessment of Rainfall-Triggered Landslide Hazard for Situational Awareness
Creators: name: Kirschbaum, Dalia
name: Stanley, Thomas
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: hazard assessment
landslide
remote sensing
satellite precipitation
situational awareness

description: Determining the time, location, and severity of natural disaster impacts is fundamental to formulating mitigation strategies, appropriate and timely responses, and robust recovery plans. A Landslide Hazard Assessment for Situational Awareness (LHASA) model was developed to indicate potential landslide activity in near real-time. LHASA combines satellite-based precipitation estimates with a landslide susceptibility map derived from information on slope, geology, road networks, fault zones, and forest loss. Precipitation data from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission are used to identify rainfall conditions from the past 7 days. When rainfall is considered to be extreme and susceptibility values are moderate to very high, a “nowcast” is issued to indicate the times and places where landslides are more probable. When LHASA nowcasts were evaluated with a Global Landslide Catalog, the probability of detection (POD) ranged from 8% to 60%, depending on the evaluation period, precipitation product used, and the size of the spatial and temporal window considered around each landslide point. Applications of the LHASA system are also discussed, including how LHASA is used to estimate long-term trends in potential landslide activity at a nearly global scale and how it can be used as a tool to support disaster risk assessment. LHASA is intended to provide situational awareness of landslide hazards in near real-time, providing a flexible, open-source framework that can be adapted to other spatial and temporal scales based on data availability.
title: EJP Soil - EnergyLink: Report and data set on bulk soil microbial CUE
title: Deliverable D5.2
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Schroeder, Julia
name: Poeplau, Christopher
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: EJP Soil
EnergyLink
microbial carbon use efficiency
CUE
soil
agriculture
crop diversification
soil organic carbon
SOC

description: Crop diversification is a potentially attractive agricultural practice for enhancing organic C storage in soils. The aim of the EJP SOIL EnergyLink project is to understand the link between crop diversity and the processing of organic C by the soil microbiome across a pan-European pedo-climatic gradient. The central hypothesis is that greater crop diversity results in more efficient microbial use of C, thus enhancing the potential of soils to store C. 

This repository provides the data and report on the complete dataset of Task 5.2 (microbial carbon use efficiency - CUE) of the EnergyLink project. CUE has been measured in 8 experiments of crop diversification across Europe and can be analysed in several ways. Here, we shortly explain the concept, the methodology and finally present the dataset.
Comparison of aerosol optical depth from four solar radiometers during the fall 1997 ARM intensive observation period
Creators: name: Schmid, B.
name: Michalsky, J.
name: Halthore, R.
name: Beauharnois, M.
name: Harrison, L.
name: Livingston, J.
name: Russell, P.
name: Holben, B.
name: Eck, Thomas
name: Smirnov, A.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 1999

description: In the Fall of 1997 the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program conducted an Intensive Observation Period (IOP) to study aerosols. Five sun-tracking radiometers were present to measure the total column aerosol optical depth. This comparison performed on the Southern Great Plains (SGP) demonstrates the capabilities and limitations of modern tracking sunphotometers at a location typical of where aerosol measurements are required. The key result was agreement in aerosol optical depth measured by 4 of the 5 instruments within 0.015 (rms). The key to this level of agreement was meticulous care in the calibrations of the instruments.
LATITUDINAL VARIATION OF AEROSOL PROPERTIES FROM INDO GANGETIC PLAIN (IGP) TO CENTRAL HIMALAYAN FOOTHILLS DURING TIGERZ CAMPAIGN
Creators: name: Dumka, U. C.
name: Tripathi, S. N.
name: Giles, D. M.
name: Eck, Thomas
name: Sagar, Ram
name: Holben, B. N.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2014

description: Conference: Asian Aerosol Conference
description: As part of TIGERZ campaign, latitudinal variation of aerosol optical properties was analyzed over Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) to central Himalayas during premonsoon of 2008 and 2009. Measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) were performed using Aerosol Robotic Network Sun photometer at four sites with different aerosol environments. The AOD increases from Nainital located in central Himalayas to Kanpur located in IGP region. Further, aerosol size varies spatially with dominance of coarse-mode aerosols at Kanpur compared to fine-mode aerosols dominated at Nainital. Spectral variation of single-scattering albedo suggests that during premonsoon, dust is the dominant species in the IGP with exception of Pantnagar, where absorbing aerosols are dominant. The optical properties of aerosols are calculated, and shortwave clear-sky aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) is estimated. An insignificant difference is found in columnar ARF and columnar heating rate (HR) when vertical profiles of aerosols are included in radiative transfer models. Over Nainital, average ARF is estimated to be ?7.61, ?45.75, and 38.14?W?m?2 at top of atmosphere (TOA), surface (SUR), and in the atmosphere (ATM), respectively. Average ARF is less negative at Kanpur compared to Pantnagar and Bareilly with values ?17.63, ?73.06, and 55.43?W?m?2 at TOA, SUR, and ATM, respectively. ARF shows positive gradient from the highlands to the IGP sites; larger TOA and SUR cooling were observed at the three sites compared to the highland site. This translates into large columnar HR with estimated average values as 1.07, 1.41, 1.58, and 1.56 K?d?1 for Nainital, Pantnagar, Bareilly, and Kanpur, respectively.
Characterization of the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols in Amazônia from long-term AERONET monitoring (1993–1995 and 1999–2006)
Creators: name: Schafer, J. S.
name: Eck, Thomas
name: Holben, B. N.
name: Artaxo, P.
name: Duarte, A. F.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2008
Subjects: aerosols
climatology
single-scattering albedo

description: We present a new climatology of atmospheric aerosols (primarily pyrogenic and biogenic) for the Brazilian tropics on the basis of a high-quality data set of spectral aerosol optical depth and directional sky radiance measurements from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) Cimel Sun-sky radiometers at more than 15 sites distributed across the Amazon basin and adjacent Cerrado region. This network is the only long-term project (with a record including observations from more than 11 years at some locations) ever to have provided ground-based remotely-sensed column aerosol properties for this critical region. Distinctive features of the Amazonian area aerosol are presented by partitioning the region into three aerosol regimes: southern Amazonian forest, Cerrado, and northern Amazonian forest. The monitoring sites generally include measurements from the interval 1999–2006, but some sites have measurement records that date back to the initial days of the AERONET program in 1993. Seasonal time series of aerosol optical depth (AOD), Ångström exponent, and columnar-averaged microphysical properties of the aerosol derived from sky radiance inversion techniques (single-scattering albedo, volume size distribution, fine mode fraction of AOD, etc.) are described and contrasted for the defined regions. During the wet season, occurrences of mineral dust penetrating deep into the interior were observed.
MYIASIS: ETIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, CLINIC, TREATMENT, PREVENTION
Creators: name: Saburova, Yakutzhan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article presents review data from the literature on various types of myiasis with features of etiology, epidemiology and clinical picture. The main methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of myiasis are given. Author gives some examples about results of the myiasis. And also it is informed about types of myiasis.
Systematic satellite observations of the impact of aerosols from passive volcanic degassing on local cloud properties
Creators: name: Ebmeier, S. K.
name: Sayer, Andrew
name: Grainger, R. G.
name: Mather, T. A.
name: Carboni, E.
Publisher: name: EGU
Year: 2014

description: The impact of volcanic emissions, especially from passive degassing and minor explosions, is a source of uncertainty in estimations of aerosol indirect effects. Observations of the impact of volcanic aerosol on clouds contribute to our understanding of both present-day atmospheric properties and of the pre-industrial baseline necessary to assess aerosol radiative forcing. We present systematic measurements over several years at multiple active and inactive volcanic islands in regions of low present-day aerosol burden. The time-averaged indirect aerosol effects within 200 km downwind of island volcanoes are observed using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, 2002–2013) and Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR, 2002–2008) data. Retrievals of aerosol and cloud properties at K?lauea (Hawai'i), Yasur (Vanuatu) and Piton de la Fournaise (la Réunion) are rotated about the volcanic vent to be parallel to wind direction, so that upwind and downwind retrievals can be compared. The emissions from all three volcanoes – including those from passive degassing, Strombolian activity and minor explosions – lead to measurably increased aerosol optical depth downwind of the active vent. Average cloud droplet effective radius is lower downwind of the volcano in all cases, with the peak difference ranging from 2–8 ?m at the different volcanoes in different seasons. Estimations of the difference in Top of Atmosphere upward Short Wave flux upwind and downwind of the active volcanoes from NASA's Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) suggest a downwind elevation of between 10 and 45 Wm?2 at distances of 150–400 km from the volcano, with much greater local (< 80 km) effects. Comparison of these observations with cloud properties at isolated islands without degassing or erupting volcanoes suggests that these patterns are not purely orographic in origin. Our observations of unpolluted, isolated marine settings may capture processes similar to those in the pre-industrial marine atmosphere.
A seasonal trend of single scattering albedo in southern African biomass-burning particles: Implications for satellite products and estimates of emissions for the world's largest biomass-burning source
Creators: name: Eck, Thomas
name: Holben, B. N.
name: Reid, J. S.
name: Mukelabai, M. M.
name: Piketh, S. J.
name: Torres, O.
name: Jethva, H. T.
name: Hyer, E. J.
name: Ward, D. E.
name: Dubovik, O.
name: Sinyuk, A.
name: Schafer, J. S.
name: Giles, D. M.
name: Sorokin, M.
name: Smirnov, A.
name: Slutsker, I.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2013
Subjects: aerosol absorption
biomass burning
southern Africa

description: As a representative site of the southern African biomass-burning region, sun-sky data from the 15 year Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) deployment at Mongu, Zambia, was analyzed. For the biomass-burning season months (July–November), we investigate seasonal trends in aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA), aerosol size distributions, and refractive indices from almucantar sky scan retrievals. The monthly mean single scattering albedo at 440 nm in Mongu was found to increase significantly from 0.84 in July to 0.93 in November (from 0.78 to 0.90 at 675 nm in these same months). There was no significant change in particle size, in either the dominant accumulation or secondary coarse modes during these months, nor any significant trend in the Ångström exponent (440–870 nm; r2 = 0.02). A significant downward seasonal trend in imaginary refractive index (r2 = 0.43) suggests a trend of decreasing black carbon content in the aerosol composition as the burning season progresses. Similarly, burning season SSA retrievals for the Etosha Pan, Namibia AERONET site also show very similar increasing single scattering albedo values and decreasing imaginary refractive index as the season progresses. Furthermore, retrievals of SSA at 388 nm from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument satellite sensor show similar seasonal trends as observed by AERONET and suggest that this seasonal shift is widespread throughout much of southern Africa. A seasonal shift in the satellite retrieval bias of aerosol optical depth from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer collection 5 dark target algorithm is consistent with this seasonal SSA trend since the algorithm assumes a constant value of SSA. Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer, however, appears less sensitive to the absorption-induced bias.
title: История России с древнейших времен до 1917 года
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Профобразование
Year: 2024

description: В учебном пособии рассмотрены ключевые моменты исторического развития России с древнейших времен до 1917 года. Описаны периоды родоплеменного строя, Киевской державы, политической раздробленности, Московского царства и Российской империи. В тексте приведены отрывки из древнерусских летописей и сочинений, написанных в XI–XX веках, а также наиболее содержательные и яркие цитаты из трудов ведущих отечественных историков, призванные помочь читателю проникнуть в духовную атмосферу прошедших времен. Издание предназначено для изучения дисциплины «История» по всем профессиям и специальностям среднего профессионального образования.
Satellite estimation of spectral UVB irradiance using TOMS derived total ozone and UV reflectivity
Creators: name: Eck, Thomas
name: Bhartia, P. K.
name: Kerr, J. B.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 1995

description: A method for satellite remote sensing of spectral UVB radiation incident at the earth's surface for snow and/or ice free areas has been developed. Measurements of total ozone and UV reflectivity from the Nimbus-7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instrument have been applied to this technique. Comparison of satellite estimates with ground based measurements of spectral UVB irradiance show differences which are comparable to differences between near simultaneous measurements made with two or more ground based co-located instruments.
MPEC 2024-H56 : 2024 HZ
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 HZ

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.