cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Glaciotomella Criscione & Hallan & Puillandre & Fedosov 2021, GEN. NOV.
Creators: name: Criscione, Francesco
name: Hallan, Anders
name: Puillandre, Nicolas
name: Fedosov, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Raphitomidae
Glaciotomella

description: GLACIOTOMELLA GEN. NOV.   Z o o B a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 6FE3648B-B095-4996-B90E-C4DF4640961A.
 Type species: Glaciotomella investigator. OD, herein.
 Etymology: The name is composed of the Latin glacies, ice, for the glossy, icy-like surface of its shell, Ancient Greek τόμος, a piece, and the Latin deminutive suffix -ella, referring to -tomella, indicating a resemblance with members of the genus Pleurotomella.
 Diagnosis
Shell (Fig. 3G) with cyrtoconoid spire, chalky, semitranslucent to opaque. Teleoconch of about five whitish whorls; whorl profile with weakly pronounced subsutural ramp, broadly convex below. Suture deep. Scultpure below subsutural ramp of orthicline axial ribs and spiral sculpture of intermittent weak and strong cords (most prominent on immature whorls). Siphonal canal long, clearly differentiated from last adult whorl. Aperture broadly pyriform, about half of shell length. Anal sinus moderately deep, J-shaped. Cephalic tentacles small; eyes minute. Rhynchostome and rhynchostomal sphincter extremely large; rhynchocoel short. Radula of long, straight, cylindrical hypodermic teeth with no distinct barbs or blades.
description: Published as part of Criscione, Francesco, Hallan, Anders, Puillandre, Nicolas & Fedosov, Alexander, 2021, Where the snails have no name: a molecular phylogeny of Raphitomidae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea) uncovers vast unexplored diversity in the deep seas of temperate southern and eastern Australia, pp. 961-1000 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 on pages 984-985
Exact solutions of the Boeder differential equation for macromolecular orientations in a flowing liquid
Creators: name: Khater, A.
name: Tannous, C.
name: Hijazi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Boeder differential equation is solved in this work over a wide range of $α$, yielding the probability density functions (PDF), that describe the average orientations of rod-like macromolecules in a flowing liquid. The quantity $α$ is the ratio of the hydrodynamic shear rate to the rotational diffusion coefficient. It characterises the coupling of the motion of the macromolecules in the hydrodynamic flow to their thermal diffusion. Previous analytical work is limited to approximate solutions for small values of $α$. Special analytical as well as numerical methods are developed in the present work in order to calculate accurately the PDF for a range of $α$ covering several orders of magnitude, $10^{-6} \le α\le 10^{8}$. The mathematical nature of the differential equation is revealed as a singular perturbation problem when $α$ becomes large. Scaling results are obtained over the differential equation for $α\ge 10^{3}$. Monte Carlo Brownian simulations are also constructed and shown to agree with the numerical solutions of the differential equation in the bulk of the flowing liquid, for an extensive range of $α$. This confirms the robustness of the developed analytical and numerical methods.
description: This paper has been withdrawn due to a crucial error in equation 21
Austrotheta Criscione & Hallan & Puillandre & Fedosov 2021, GEN. NOV.
Creators: name: Criscione, Francesco
name: Hallan, Anders
name: Puillandre, Nicolas
name: Fedosov, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Raphitomidae
Austrotheta

description: AUSTROTHETA GEN. NOV.   Z o o B a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 1FCE9160-3FA0-44F9-89DE-46A6FA46ACA7.
 Type species: Austrotheta crassidentata. OD, herein.
 Etymology: The name is composed of the Latin auster, south, for its discovery in the Southern Hemisphere, and Θ, θ, the eighth letter of the Greek alphabet, a name given to members of the genus Theta possibly because of a similarity in shell shape. The gender is feminine.
 Diagnosis
Shell (Fig. 3H) fusiform, semitranslucent to opaque. Protoconch multispiral; sculpture of arcuate cordlets on upper portion of whorls and diagonally cancellate below. Teleoconch with distinctly shouldered to rounded whorls, bearing sharp opisthocline axial ribs in early to median whorls; last whorl evenly convex below narrow subsutural ramp, with undulating striae throughout its height. Siphonal canal long and straight. Aperture wide, pyriform, about half of shell length. Anal sinus shallow, U-shaped. Eyes minute. Radula (Fig. 6H) of thick, cylindrical hypodermic teeth, bearing two weak distal barbs and with short adapical opening. Base broad, with extremely coarse external sculpture. Ligament large.
description: Published as part of Criscione, Francesco, Hallan, Anders, Puillandre, Nicolas & Fedosov, Alexander, 2021, Where the snails have no name: a molecular phylogeny of Raphitomidae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea) uncovers vast unexplored diversity in the deep seas of temperate southern and eastern Australia, pp. 961-1000 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 on pages 985-986
Boosting Operational DNN Testing Efficiency through Conditioning
Creators: name: Li, Zenan
name: Ma, Xiaoxing
name: Xu, Chang
name: Cao, Chun
name: Xu, Jingwei
name: Lü, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the increasing adoption of Deep Neural Network (DNN) models as integral parts of software systems, efficient operational testing of DNNs is much in demand to ensure these models' actual performance in field conditions. A challenge is that the testing often needs to produce precise results with a very limited budget for labeling data collected in field. Viewing software testing as a practice of reliability estimation through statistical sampling, we re-interpret the idea behind conventional structural coverages as conditioning for variance reduction. With this insight we propose an efficient DNN testing method based on the conditioning on the representation learned by the DNN model under testing. The representation is defined by the probability distribution of the output of neurons in the last hidden layer of the model. To sample from this high dimensional distribution in which the operational data are sparsely distributed, we design an algorithm leveraging cross entropy minimization. Experiments with various DNN models and datasets were conducted to evaluate the general efficiency of the approach. The results show that, compared with simple random sampling, this approach requires only about a half of labeled inputs to achieve the same level of precision.
description: Published in the Proceedings of the 27th ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE 2019)
Reflectionless canonical systems, I. Arov gauge and right limits
Creators: name: Bessonov, Roman
name: Lukić, Milivoje
name: Yuditskii, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34L40

description: In spectral theory, $j$-monotonic families of $2\times 2$ matrix functions appear as transfer matrices of many one-dimensional operators. We present a general theory of such families, in the perspective of canonical systems in Arov gauge. This system resembles a continuum version of the Schur algorithm, and allows to restore an arbitrary Schur function along the flow of associated boundary values at infinity. In addition to results in Arov gauge, this provides a gauge-independent perspective on the Krein-de Branges formula and the reflectionless property of right limits on the absolutely continuous spectrum. This work has applications to inverse spectral problems which have better behavior with respect to a normalization at an internal point of the resolvent domain.
description: 26 pages
Additional file 1: of Long-term exposure to air pollution and hospitalization for dementia in the Rome longitudinal study
Creators: name: Cerza, Francesco
name: Renzi, Matteo
name: Gariazzo, Claudio
name: Davoli, Marina
name: Michelozzi, Paola
name: Forastiere, Francesco
name: Cesaroni, Giulia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology

description: ICD9-CM codes for comorbid conditions. (DOCX 13 kb)
Akysis heterurus H. H. Ng 1996
Creators: name: Ng, H. H. Tan H. H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2000
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Akysidae
Akysis
Akysis heterurus

description: Akysis heterurus Ng, 1996
 Akysis heterurus H. H. Ng, 1996: 4 (type locality: Sungai Alai, Sumatra).
 Material examined. BATANG HARI DRAINAGE: ZRC 34194 (1), holotype, 18.9 mm SL. ZRC 39248 (7), paratypes, 18.4±26.1 mm SL. CMK 12199 (1), paratype, 21.1 mm SL. MZB 6209 (1), paratype, 25.4 mm SL. ZRC 42309 (2), 20.9, 25.9 mm SL.
description: Published as part of Ng, H. H. Tan H. H., 2000, The cat ® shes (Teleostei: Siluriformes) of central Sumatra, pp. 267-303 in Journal of Natural History 34 on page 289
Vertex-Unfoldings of Simplicial Polyhedra
Creators: name: Demaine, Erik D.
name: Eppstein, David
name: Erickson, Jeff
name: Hart, George W.
name: O'Rourke, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.2; G.2.2

description: We present two algorithms for unfolding the surface of any polyhedron, all of whose faces are triangles, to a nonoverlapping, connected planar layout. The surface is cut only along polyhedron edges. The layout is connected, but it may have a disconnected interior: the triangles are connected at vertices, but not necessarily joined along edges.
description: 10 pages; 7 figures; 8 references
Akysis macronema Bleeker 1860
Creators: name: Ng, H. H. Tan H. H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2000
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Akysidae
Akysis
Akysis macronema

description: Akysis macronema Bleeker, 1860
(®gure 8)
 Akysis macronema Bleeker, 1860b: 11 (type locality: Lahat, Sumatra).
description: Published as part of Ng, H. H. Tan H. H., 2000, The cat ® shes (Teleostei: Siluriformes) of central Sumatra, pp. 267-303 in Journal of Natural History 34 on page 289
Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Gravity, and Approximate Lorentz Invariance from a Classical Phase-Boundary Universe
Creators: name: Grady, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A classical dynamical system in a four-dimensional Euclidean space with universal time is considered. The space is hypothesized to be originally occupied by a uniform substance, pictured as a liquid, which at some time became supercooled. Our universe began as a nucleation event initiating a liquid to solid transition. The universe we inhabit and are directly aware of consists of only the three-dimensional expanding phase boundary - a crystalline surface. Random energy transfers to the boundary from thermal fluctuations in the adjacent bulk phases are interpreted by us as quantum fluctuations, and give a physical realization to the stochastic quantization technique. Fermionic matter is modeled as screw dislocations; gauge bosons as surface acoustic waves. Minkowski space emerges dynamically through redefining local time to be proportional to the spatial coordinate perpendicular to the boundary. Lorentz invariance is only approximate, and the photon spectrum (now a phonon spectrum) has a maximum energy. Other features include a geometrical quantum gravitational theory based on elasticity theory, and a simple explanation of the quantum measurement process as a spontaneous symmetry breaking. Present, past and future are physically distinct regions, the present being a unique surface where our universe is being continually constructed.
description: 28 pages, Latex, no figures. Published version, minor wording and formatting changes
Macunahyphes Dias, Salles & Molineri 2005
Creators: name: Paula Malaquias Souto
name: Frederico Falcão Salles
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Ephemeroptera
Leptohyphidae
Macunahyphes

description: Macunahyphes Dias, Salles & Molineri, 2005
Macunahyphes Dias, Salles & Molineri, 2005: 196 (type species: Tricorythus australis (Banks, 1913), by monotypy).
Diagnosis
Genus characterisation: 1) eyes undivided in both sexes; 2) fore wings with well-developed Cu-A lobe, especially in males; 3) longitudinal vein CuP poorly developed in both sexes or absent; 4) hind wings absent in both sexes; 5) membranous filaments of mesoscutellum present or absent; 6) styliger plate very slightly projected posteriorly as a columnar base for each pair of forceps (see figs 7–9 in Molineri et al. 2011); 7) basal swelling on forceps segment II present or absent. In the nymph: 1) maxillary palp reduced in size, one-segmented, with apical seta; 2) glossa and paraglossa almost completely fused, with a circular outline; 3) femora with numerous robust serrate setae; 4) tarsal claws long and slender, with 7–10 marginal denticles and a double row of 2–4 submarginal denticles; 5) gills present on abdominal segments II–VI, gill formula 3/3/3/3/2; 6) operculate gills subtriangular; 7) posterior margin of terga II–V smooth, other segments with denticles.
Comments
Due to the presence of membranous filaments on the mesoscutellum in females and males in one species, and to the presence of a basal swelling on forceps segment II in four species, we propose an expansion to the diagnosis of the genus provided by Dias et al. (2005) to include characters 5 and 7 above. As M. australis is the only species in which nymphs have been described, the generic diagnostic features of the nymphal stage are maintained.
Distribution (Fig. 1)
Argentina, Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela.
description: Published as part of Paula Malaquias Souto & Frederico Falcão Salles, 2016, New species of Macunahyphes Dias, Salles & Molineri (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae), with taxonomic notes, pp. 1-15 in European Journal of Taxonomy 254 on pages 2-3, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.254, http://zenodo.org/record/269386
Quantum Assisted Simulator
Creators: name: Bharti, Kishor
name: Haug, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum simulation can help us study poorly understood topics such as high-temperature superconductivity and drug design. However, existing quantum simulation algorithms for current quantum computers often have drawbacks that impede their application. Here, we provide a novel hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for simulating the dynamics of quantum systems. Our approach takes the Ansatz wavefunction as a linear combination of quantum states. The quantum states are fixed, and the combination parameters are variationally adjusted. Unlike existing variational quantum simulation algorithms, our algorithm does not require any classical-quantum feedback loop and by construction bypasses the barren plateau problem. Moreover, our algorithm does not require any complicated measurements such as the Hadamard test. The entire framework is compatible with existing experimental capabilities and thus can be implemented immediately.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2010.05638
Gladiobela Criscione & Hallan & Puillandre & Fedosov 2021, GEN. NOV.
Creators: name: Criscione, Francesco
name: Hallan, Anders
name: Puillandre, Nicolas
name: Fedosov, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Raphitomidae
Gladiobela

description: GLADIOBELA GEN. NOV.   Z o o B a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 1FD74C2F-24EC-4FA6-B62F-02C380F9CAC9.
 Type species: Gladiobela angulata. OD, herein.
 Etymology: The name is composed of the Latin noun gladius, sword, for the long blade of its hypodermic tooth, and the Greek βέλος, arrow, from the genus name Bela Leach, 1847, indicating similarity to Gymnobela. The gender is feminine
 Diagnosis
Shell (Fig. 4A) fusiform-biconical, semitranslucent. Protoconch multispiral, lower whorl portion diagonally cancellate, upper portion with arcuate sculpture only. Teleoconch with broad whorls with shoulder situated at mid-height of whorl. Anal sinus wide, U-shaped. Animal with long, cylindrical tentacles; eyes small. Radula (Fig. 6B) of hypodermic type, awl-shaped, with long adapical opening; dorsal blade extremely long; base broad, angular.
description: Published as part of Criscione, Francesco, Hallan, Anders, Puillandre, Nicolas & Fedosov, Alexander, 2021, Where the snails have no name: a molecular phylogeny of Raphitomidae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea) uncovers vast unexplored diversity in the deep seas of temperate southern and eastern Australia, pp. 961-1000 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 on page 987
Breitensteinia cessator Ng and Siebert 1998
Creators: name: Ng, H. H. Tan H. H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2000
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Akysidae
Breitensteinia
Breitensteinia cessator

description: Breitensteinia cessator Ng and Siebert, 1998
 Breitensteinia cessator Ng and Siebert, 1998: 647, ®gure 1 (type locality: Kapuas river).
 Breitensteinia insignis: Weber and de Beaufort, 1913: 374, ®gure 151 (in part); Roberts, 1989: 140 (in part).
 Material examined. BATANG HARI DRAINAGE: ZMA 104.653 (1), paratype, 75.3 mm SL.
 Remarks. See Ng and Siebert (1998) for a discussion of the species.
description: Published as part of Ng, H. H. Tan H. H., 2000, The cat ® shes (Teleostei: Siluriformes) of central Sumatra, pp. 267-303 in Journal of Natural History 34 on page 290
Dark and luminous matter in the NGC 3992 group of galaxies, I. The large barred spiral NGC 3992
Creators: name: Bottema, Roelof
name: Verheijen, Marc A. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detailed neutral hydrogen observations have been obtained of the large barred spiral galaxy NGC 3992 and its three small companion galaxies, UGC 6923, UGC 6940, and UGC 6969. For the main galaxy, the HI distribution is regular with a low level radial extension outside the stellar disc. However, at exactly the region of the bar, there is a pronounced central HI hole in the gas distribution. Likely gas has been transported inwards by the bar and because of the emptyness of the hole no large accretion events can have happened in recent galactic times. The gas kinematics is very regular and it is demonstrated that the influence of the bar potential on the velocity field is negligible. A precise and extended rotation curve has been derived showing some distinct features which can be explained by the non-exponential radial light distribution of NGC 3992. The decomposition of the rotation curve gives a slight preference for a sub maximal disc, though a range of disc contributions, up to a maximum disc situation fits nearly equally well. For such a maximum disc contribution, which might be expected in order to generate and maintain the bar, the required mass-to-light ratio is large but not exceptional.
description: accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. A copy with high resolution graphics will shortly become available at http://www.astro.rug.nl/Preprints/preprints.html
Experimental dissipative quantum sensing
Creators: name: Xie, Yijin
name: Geng, Jianpei
name: Yu, Huiyao
name: Rong, Xing
name: Wang, Ya
name: Du, Jiangfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum sensing utilizes quantum systems as sensors to capture weak signal, and provides new opportunities in nowadays science and technology. The strongest adversary in quantum sensing is decoherence due to the coupling between the sensor and the environment. The dissipation will destroy the quantum coherence and reduce the performance of quantum sensing. Here we show that quantum sensing can be realized by engineering the steady-state of the quantum sensor under dissipation. We demonstrate this protocol with a magnetometer based on ensemble Nitrogen-Vacancy centers in diamond, while neither high-quality initialization/readout of the sensor nor sophisticated dynamical decoupling sequences is required. Thus our method provides a concise and decoherence-resistant fashion of quantum sensing. The frequency resolution and precision of our magnetometer are far beyond the coherence time of the sensor. Furthermore, we show that the dissipation can be engineered to improve the performance of our quantum sensing. By increasing the laser pumping, magnetic signal in a broad audio-frequency band from DC up to 140 kHz can be tackled by our method. Besides the potential application in magnetic sensing and imaging within microscopic scale, our results may provide new insight for improvement of a variety of high-precision spectroscopies based on other quantum sensors.
ER-XOTIN MUNASABATLARIGA SHARQ MUTAFAKKIRLARINING PEDAGOGIC QARASHLARI
Creators: name: Babajanov G'ulomjon Muxtorovich Osiyo xalqaro universiteti magistranti
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Sharqda qadimdan oila muqaddas Vatan sanalib kelingan. Halollik, rostgo‘ylik, or-nomus, sharmu-hayo, mehru-muhabbat, oqibat, mehnatsevarlik, vatanparvarlik, insonparvarlik kabi barcha insoniy fazilatlar, eng avvalo, oilada shakllangan. Darhaqiqat, sharqning buyuk allomalari va ma’rifatparvarlari hisoblangan Abu Nasr Forobiy, Abu Rayhon Beruniy, Abu Ali ibn Sino, Kaykovus, Yusuf Xos Hojib, Alisher Navoiy, Husayn Voiz Koshifiy, Zahriddin Muhammad Bobur, Rizouddin ibn Faxruddin, Ahmad Donish, Abdulla Avloniy, Fitrat, Mahmudxo‘ja Behbudiy va boshqalarning asarlarida Markaziy Osiyoda yashab kelayotgan xalqlar, jumladan, o‘zbek xalqining oilaviy hayoti, undagi o‘zaro munosabatlarning milliy psixologik xususiyatlari, er-xotinning burch va vazifalari, oilaning turmush tarzi va tarbiyaviy muhiti va boshqa xususiyatlari haqida qimmatli fikrlar mavjud.
Parakysis grandis Ng and Lim 1995
Creators: name: Ng, H. H. Tan H. H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2000
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Akysidae
Parakysis
Parakysis grandis

description: Parakysis grandis Ng and Lim, 1995
 Parakysis grandis Ng and Lim, 1995: 260 (type locality: Riau, near Pangkalankasai, Sumatra). Parakysis verrucosa: Kottelat et al., 1993: 76, pl. 37 (in part).
 Material examined. BATANG HARI DRAINAGE: ZRC 39178 (1), paratype, 29.3 mm SL. ZRC 38632 (3), CMK 11192 (3), 21.8±24.5 mm SL. ZRC 42419 (1), 23.6 mm SL. ZRC 42494 (1), 25.0 mm SL.
INDRAGIRI DRAINAGE: ZRC 39111 (1), holotype, 27.8 mm SL. CMK 9032 (5), 16.2±21.8 mm SL.
 Remarks. See Ng and Lim (1995) for a discussion of the species.
description: Published as part of Ng, H. H. Tan H. H., 2000, The cat ® shes (Teleostei: Siluriformes) of central Sumatra, pp. 267-303 in Journal of Natural History 34 on page 290
DEVIANT-XULQ ATVOR PSIXOLOGIYASINING NAMOYON XUSUSIYATLARI
Creators: name: Bekmurodova Ruxsora Ulug'bek qizi Osiyo xalqaro universiteti magistranti
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada deviant-xulq atvor psixologiyasining xususiyatlari va ommaviy madaniyatning yoshlar tarbiyasiga bevosita tasiri haqida ma’lumotlar berilgan.

Kalit so’zlar: Deviant xulq-atvor, huquqbuzarlik, jinoyatchilik, ichkilikbozlik, fohishabozlik, qimor o’yinlari,o’z joniga qasd qilish va zararli odatlar.
Enumerating Foldings and Unfoldings between Polygons and Polytopes
Creators: name: Demaine, Erik D.
name: Demaine, Martin L.
name: Lubiw, Anna
name: O'Rourke, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.2; G.2.1

description: We pose and answer several questions concerning the number of ways to fold a polygon to a polytope, and how many polytopes can be obtained from one polygon; and the analogous questions for unfolding polytopes to polygons. Our answers are, roughly: exponentially many, or nondenumerably infinite.
description: 12 pages; 10 figures; 10 references. Revision of version in Proceedings of the Japan Conference on Discrete and Computational Geometry, Tokyo, Nov. 2000, pp. 9-12. See also cs.CG/0007019
Pueridaphne Criscione & Hallan & Puillandre & Fedosov 2021, GEN. NOV.
Creators: name: Criscione, Francesco
name: Hallan, Anders
name: Puillandre, Nicolas
name: Fedosov, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Raphitomidae
Pueridaphne

description: PUERIDAPHNE GEN. NOV.   Z o o B a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 00258E64-8241-4207-9744-65B4BFE2C68C.
 Type species: Pueridaphne cirrisulcata. OD, herein.
 Etymology: The name is composed of the Latin noun, puer, a child, for the similarity of its teleoconch to that of the larval shell sculpture, and the Greek mythological naiad Δάφνη, who turned into a laurel tree, here chosen to indicate resemblance to some species of Daphnella Hinds, 1844. The gender is feminine.
 Diagnosis
Shell (Fig. 4B) fusiform, opaque. Protoconch (Fig. 5D) multispiral, of 4.5 whorls of which first whorl exhibits punctate sculpture; subsequent whorls diagonally cancellate. Teleoconch of at least 4.5 uniformly white whorls. Suture impressed. Teleoconch whorls with wide subsutural ramp and well-defined shoulder in immature whorls, lower whorl portion and shell base with fine cancellate sculpture. Siphonal canal long, straight. Anal sinus wide, deeply U-shaped. Animal reddish brown. Cephalic tentacles (Supporting Information, Fig. S4A) long, cylindrical, exhibiting longitudinal groove throughout; eyes small. Venom apparatus (Supporting Information, Fig. S4B) large. Radula (Fig. 6C) of straight, tightly rolled hypodermic teeth with sharp, long blade and long adapical opening. Base broad, with lateral process and extremely coarse external texture. Ligament broad.
description: Published as part of Criscione, Francesco, Hallan, Anders, Puillandre, Nicolas & Fedosov, Alexander, 2021, Where the snails have no name: a molecular phylogeny of Raphitomidae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea) uncovers vast unexplored diversity in the deep seas of temperate southern and eastern Australia, pp. 961-1000 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 on pages 987-988
Additional file 2: of Is it the decision of women to choose a cesarean section as the mode of birth? A review of literature on the views of stakeholders
Creators: name: Loke, Alice
name: Davies, Louise
name: Yim-Wah Mak
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Summary of studies on the views of stakeholders on the choice of mode of delivery. (DOCX 68 kb)
A Multisection Broadband Impedance Transforming Branch-Line Hybrid
Creators: name: Kumar, S.
name: Tannous, C.
name: Danshin, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements and design equations for a two section impedance transforming hybrid suitable for MMIC applications and a new method of synthesis for multisection branch-line hybrids are reported. The synthesis method allows the response to be specified either of Butterworth or Chebyshev type. Both symmetric (with equal input and output impedances) and non-symmetric (impedance transforming) designs are feasible. Starting from a given number of sections, type of response, and impedance transformation ratio and for a specified midband coupling, power division ratio, isolation or directivity ripple bandwidth, the set of constants needed for the evaluation of the reflection coefficient response is first calculated. The latter is used to define a driving point impedance of the circuit, synthesize it and obtain the branch line immittances with the use of the concept of double length unit elements (DLUE). The experimental results obtained with microstrip hybrids constructed to test the validity of the brute force optimization and the synthesized designs show very close agreement with the computed responses.
description: 6 pages and 14 figures. Published in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
Clarias nieuho ®: Bleeker 1862
Creators: name: Ng, H. H. Tan H. H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2000
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Siluridae
Clarias
Clarias nieuho

description: Clarias nieuho ®i Valenciennes, in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840
 Clarias nieuho ®i Valenciennes, in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840b: 386 (type locality: Indies); Bleeker, 1858b: 351.
 Clarias nieuho®: Bleeker, 1862: 105, pl. 99 ®gure 2.
 Clarias nieuho®: Volz, 1904: 463; 1907: 158.
 Clarias nieuho ®i: Weber and de Beaufort, 1912: 533; 1913: 189; Kottelat et al., 1993: 78, pl. 38.
 Material examined. BATANG HARI DRAINAGE: ZRC 38978 (5), 200.0±238.0 mm SL.
INDRAGIRI DRAINAGE: ZRC 39093 (5), 204.5±358 mm SL.
 Remarks. We have examined the type of C. pentapterus Bleeker, 1851, and found them to be conspeci®c with the holotype of C. nieuho ®i.
description: Published as part of Ng, H. H. Tan H. H., 2000, The cat ® shes (Teleostei: Siluriformes) of central Sumatra, pp. 267-303 in Journal of Natural History 34 on page 292
Near-infrared spectra of ISO selected Chamaeleon I young stellar objects
Creators: name: Gomez, Mercedes
name: Persi, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 0.95--2.5 micron moderate (R = 500) resolution spectra of 19 ISOCAM detected sources in the Chamaeleon I dark cloud. Thirteen of these stars are candidate very low mass members of the cloud proposed by Persi et al. (2000 A&A 357:219) on basis of the mid-IR color excess. The sample also includes a bona-fide young brown dwarf (Cha Halpha 1), a transition --stellar/sub-stellar-- object (Cha Halpha 2), one previously known T Tauri star (Sz 33) and three ISOCAM sources with no mid-IR excess. The spectra of the mid-IR color excess sources are relatively flat and featureless in this wavelength range. Both atomic and molecular lines (when in absorption) are partially veiled suggesting the presence of continuum emission from circumstellar dust. In addition some of the sources show Paschen and Brackett lines in emission. We apply the 2 micron water vapor index defined by Wilking et al. (1999 AJ 117:469) to estimate spectral types. These stars have spectral types M0--8. We use Persi et al.'s stellar luminosity determinations, in combination with D'Antona & Mazzitelli latest pre-main sequence evolutionary tracks, to estimate masses and ages. The ISOCAM detected mid-IR excess sources have sub-solar masses down to the H-burning limit and a median age of few x 10^6 yr, in good agreement with the higher mass members of this cloud.
description: Preprint in Manuscript format; 30 pages including 10 figures
Bernoulli Race Particle Filters
Creators: name: Schmon, Sebastian M
name: Doucet, Arnaud
name: Deligiannidis, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: When the weights in a particle filter are not available analytically, standard resampling methods cannot be employed. To circumvent this problem state-of-the-art algorithms replace the true weights with non-negative unbiased estimates. This algorithm is still valid but at the cost of higher variance of the resulting filtering estimates in comparison to a particle filter using the true weights. We propose here a novel algorithm that allows for resampling according to the true intractable weights when only an unbiased estimator of the weights is available. We demonstrate our algorithm on several examples.
description: 19 pages
O'QITISHDA PSIXOLOGIK KOMPONENTLARGA MUROJAAT QILISHNING AHAMIYATI
Creators: name: Parmanov Xosilmurat Axmatovich Osiyo xalqaro universiteti magistranti
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqola o‘qitishdagi psixologik komponentlarning muhim rolini o‘rganadi, ularning ta’lim natijalari va talabalar farovonligiga ta’sirini ta’kidlaydi. Keng qamrovli adabiyotlarni o‘rganish orqali u motivatsiya, o‘z-o‘zini samaradorligi, kognitiv jarayonlar va ijtimoiy-emotsional rivojlanish kabi asosiy psixologik omillarni o‘rganadi. Tadqiqotda ushbu komponentlarni o‘qitish amaliyotiga integratsiyalashuvining ahamiyatini tushuntirish, ta’lim samaradorligi va talabalar muvaffaqiyati uchun ta’sirlarni ko‘rsatish uchun sifatli tahlil qo‘llaniladi.

Kalit so‘zlar: O‘qitish, psixologik komponentlar, motivatsiya, o‘z-o‘zini samaradorligi, kognitiv jarayonlar, ijtimoiy-emotsional rivojlanish, o‘quvchilarning farovonligi, pedagogika, ta’lim, ichki motivatsiya, o‘sish tafakkuri, metakognitsiya, ijtimoiy-emotsional o‘rganish, sifatli tadqiqot, adabiyotlarni o‘rganish.
Additional file 1: of Is it the decision of women to choose a cesarean section as the mode of birth? A review of literature on the views of stakeholders
Creators: name: Loke, Alice
name: Davies, Louise
name: Yim-Wah Mak
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Table S1. NICE appraisal checklist for quantitative studies. Table S2. NICE appraisal checklist for qualitative studies. (DOCX 71 kb)
Clarias teijsmanni Bleeker 1857
Creators: name: Ng, H. H. Tan H. H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2000
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Siluridae
Clarias
Clarias teijsmanni

description: Clarias teijsmanni Bleeker, 1857
 Clarias teijsmanni Bleeker, 1857: 344 (type locality:`Tjikoppo, provinciae Buitenzorg, 900 metr. supra mare’, Java).
 Clarias teijsmanni: Kottelat et al., 1993: 78, pl. 38.
 Clarias teysmanni: Hubrecht, 1887: 11; Volz, 1904: 463; 1907: 157.
 Material examined. BATANG HARI DRAINAGE: ZRC 39128 (1), 67.5 mm SL. ZRC 39184 (1), 58.6 mm SL.
INDRAGIRI DRAINAGE: ZRC 39105 (4), 37.0±150.0 mm SL.
description: Published as part of Ng, H. H. Tan H. H., 2000, The cat ® shes (Teleostei: Siluriformes) of central Sumatra, pp. 267-303 in Journal of Natural History 34 on pages 294-295
APA - ADVOCATING FOR PATIENT ADVOCATES
Creators: name: Vaz de Almeida, Cristina
name: Coutinho, Mariana
name: Rodrigues, Patrícia
name: Ramos, Susana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: patient advocacy
patient advocates
health literacy
literacia em saúde
health communication
comunicação em saúde

description: Missão   Ajudar a posicionar e a melhorar a compreensão e a notoriedade do conceito de Patient Advocate e do Patient Advocacy em Portugal. Objetivos    1. Posicionar mais claramente o conceito e a ação de Patient Advocate e Patient Advocacy em Portugal. 2. Contribuir para a notoriedade do conceito. 3. Envolver associações e organizações da saúde, escolas, profissionais e pacientes/utentes na disseminação do conceito e das mais-valias existentes. 4. Desenvolver estudos e pesquisas sobre o conceito de Patient Advocate. 5. Fazer pontes entre a rede internacional e algumas estruturas portuguesas que queiram participar. 6. Criar dinâmicas como webinares e comunicação em Media para trabalhar mais eficazmente o conceito e a notoriedade. Intervenções  O Grupo APA é constituído por 4 investigadoras, Cristina Vaz de Almeida, Mariana Coutinho, Patrícia Rodrigues e Susana Ramos (resumos curriculares anexos). Têm reunido com regularidade para debater o tema do patient advocacy (área geral) e do patient advocate (individuo e/ou organização que pratica o patient advocacy). Estão a desenvolver um estudo de notoriedade do termo patient advocate junto de associações, profissionais de saúde e de utentes. Os objetivos estão explanados acima no conjunto dos seis objetivos deste grupo APA que visa precisamente “Advocate for Patient Advocates”. Para além dos conteúdos do patient advocacy, visam ainda contribuir para a clarificação do conceito e contribuir para a sua notoriedade e conhecimento em Portugal.
Globodaphne Criscione & Hallan & Puillandre & Fedosov 2021, GEN. NOV.
Creators: name: Criscione, Francesco
name: Hallan, Anders
name: Puillandre, Nicolas
name: Fedosov, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Raphitomidae
Globodaphne

description: GLOBODAPHNE GEN. NOV.   Z o o B a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 369D1B2A-EDCA-48E2-83AD-C6215BD46D28.
 Type species: Globodaphne pomum. OD, herein.
 Etymology: The name is composed of Latin globus, a sphere, for its subglobose shell, and the Greek mythological naiad Δάφνη, who turned into a laurel tree, here chosen to indicate resemblance to some species of Xanthodaphne.
 Diagnosis
Shell (Fig. 4C) subglobose, thin-walled, semitranslucent. Protoconch (Fig. 5B) multispiral, with dense diagonally cancellate sculpture. Teleoconch of few, pale whorls. Suture impressed. Whorl profile broad, strongly convex. Sculpture throughout whorl of dense, weakly arcuate riblets and dense, irregularly set spiral cordlets. Siphonal canal straight, short. Aperture wide, ovate, about two-thirds of shell length. Anal sinus shallow. Cephalic tentacles long, cylindrical; eyes extremely small. Venom apparatus and radula absent.
description: Published as part of Criscione, Francesco, Hallan, Anders, Puillandre, Nicolas & Fedosov, Alexander, 2021, Where the snails have no name: a molecular phylogeny of Raphitomidae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea) uncovers vast unexplored diversity in the deep seas of temperate southern and eastern Australia, pp. 961-1000 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 on page 989
Multi-species modeling in the particle-based ESBGK method for monatomic gas species
Creators: name: Pfeiffer, Marcel
name: Mirza, Asim
name: Nizenkov, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-species modeling is implemented for the particle-based ellipsoidal statistical Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (ESBGK) for monatomic species in the open-source plasma simulation suite PICLas. After a literature review on available multi-species extensions of the kinetic model equations and approaches for the determination of the transport coefficients, Brull's model is implemented for the former and Wilke's mixing rules and collision integrals for the latter. The implementation is verified with three simulation test cases: a simple reservoir, a supersonic Couette flow and the hypersonic flow around a 70$^{\circ}$ blunted cone. The simulation results are compared with the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, where good overall agreement can be achieved. However, the determination of the transport coefficients through collision integrals offers better agreement with the DSMC results at acceptable computational cost. For the last test case, a comparison of the computational duration is presented.
Chaca bankanensis Bleeker 1852
Creators: name: Ng, H. H. Tan H. H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2000
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Chacidae
Chaca
Chaca bankanensis

description: Chaca bankanensis Bleeker, 1852c
 Chaca bankanensis Bleeker, 1852c: 455 (type locality: Banka); 1858b: 323; 1860a: 49; 1862: 96, pl. 95 ®gure 1; GuÈnther, 1864: 29; Volz, 1904: 463; 1907: 159; 1907: 159; Weber and de Beaufort, 1912: 537; Roberts, 1982b: 899; Kottelat et al., 1993: 78, pl. 38.
 Chaca chaca (non Hamilton, 1822): Weber and de Beaufort, 1913: 246, ®gure 99.
 Material examined. BATANG HARI DRAINAGE: ZRC 38548 (1), 120.5 mm SL. ZRC 38707 (3), 146.7±170.0 mm SL. ZRC 39147 (1), 128.7 mm SL. ZRC 41822 (2), 71.2, 109.5 mm SL. ZRC 42042 (4), 80.2±168.0 mm SL. ZRC 42242 (2), 52.7, 59.8 mm SL. ZRC 42403 (1), 63.6 mm SL. ZRC 42438 (1), 18.2 mm SL.
description: Published as part of Ng, H. H. Tan H. H., 2000, The cat ® shes (Teleostei: Siluriformes) of central Sumatra, pp. 267-303 in Journal of Natural History 34 on page 295
Additional file 1: of WeChat-based teaching for an immersion cultural exchange program â a case study in CFL
Creators: name: Xiaoqin Huang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: WeChat Questionnaire on the overall Chinese course. (DOCX 18 kb)
Direct and inverse theorems of approximation of functions in weighted Orlicz type spaces with variable exponent
Creators: name: Abdullayev, Fahreddin G.
name: Chaichenko, Stanislav O.
name: kyzy, Meerim Imash
name: Shidlich, Andrii L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 41A27, 41A17, 42A16

description: In weighted Orlicz type spaces ${\mathcal S}_{_{\scriptstyle \mathbf p,\,μ}}$ with a variable summation exponent, the direct and inverse approximation theorems are proved in terms of best approximations of functions and moduli of smoothness of fractional order. It is shown that the constant obtained in the inverse approximation theorem is in a certain sense the best. Some applications of the results are also proposed. In particular, the constructive characteristics of functional classes defined by such moduli of smoothness are given. Equivalence between moduli of smoothness and certain Peetre $K$-functionals is shown in the spaces ${\mathcal S}_{_{\scriptstyle \mathbf p,\,μ}}$.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1901.07253
The X-ray transient XTE J1859+226 in Outburst & Quiescence
Creators: name: Zurita, C.
name: Sanchez-Fernandez, C.
name: Casares, J.
name: Charles, P. A.
name: Abbott, T. M.
name: Hakala, P.
name: Rodriguez-Gil, P.
name: Bernabei, S.
name: Piccioni, A.
name: Guarnieri, A.
name: Bartolini, C.
name: Masetti, N.
name: Shahbaz, T.
name: Castro-Tirado, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present optical photometry and spectroscopy of the X-ray transient XTE J1859+226, obtained during outburst and its subsequent decay to quiescence. Both the X-ray and optical properties are very similar to those of well-studied black hole soft X-ray transients. We have detected 3 minioutbursts, when XTE J1859+226 was approaching quiescence, as has been previously detected in the Soft X-Ray Transients GRO J0422+32 and GRS 1009-45. By 24 Aug 2000 the system had reached quiescence with R=22.48+/-0.07. The estimated distance to the source is ~11 kpc. Photometry taken during quiescence shows a sinusoidal modulation with a peak to peak amplitude of about 0.4 mag. A period analysis suggests that periods from 0.28 to 0.47 days are equally possible at the 68% confidence level. The amplitude of the quiescent light curve and the relatively low ratio of X-ray to optical flux, indicates that the binary inclination should be high. The measured colours during the outburst allows us to obtain the basic properties of the disc, which agrees well with irradiated disc model predictions.
description: Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices
Koopman Operator and its Approximations for Systems with Symmetries
Creators: name: Salova, Anastasiya
name: Emenheiser, Jeffrey
name: Rupe, Adam
name: Crutchfield, James P.
name: D'Souza, Raissa M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear dynamical systems with symmetries exhibit a rich variety of behaviors, including complex attractor-basin portraits and enhanced and suppressed bifurcations. Symmetry arguments provide a way to study these collective behaviors and to simplify their analysis. The Koopman operator is an infinite dimensional linear operator that fully captures a system's nonlinear dynamics through the linear evolution of functions of the state space. Importantly, in contrast with local linearization, it preserves a system's global nonlinear features. We demonstrate how the presence of symmetries affects the Koopman operator structure and its spectral properties. In fact, we show that symmetry considerations can also simplify finding the Koopman operator approximations using the extended and kernel dynamic mode decomposition methods (EDMD and kernel DMD). Specifically, representation theory allows us to demonstrate that an isotypic component basis induces block diagonal structure in operator approximations, revealing hidden organization. Practically, if the data is symmetric, the EDMD and kernel DMD methods can be modified to give more efficient computation of the Koopman operator approximation and its eigenvalues, eigenfunctions, and eigenmodes. Rounding out the development, we discuss the effect of measurement noise.
Fast crystallization of rotating membrane proteins
Creators: name: Oppenheimer, Naomi
name: Stein, David B.
name: Shelley, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the interactions between actively rotating proteins moving in a membrane. Experimental evidence suggests that such rotor proteins, like the ATP synthases of the inner mitochondrial membrane, can arrange themselves into lattices. We show that crystallization is possible through a combination of hydrodynamic and repulsive interactions between the rotor proteins. In particular, hydrodynamic interactions induce rotational motion of the rotor protein assembly that, in the presence of repulsion, drives the system into a hexagonal lattice. The entire crystal rotates with an angular velocity which increases with motor density and decreases with lattice diameter - larger and sparser arrays rotate at a slower pace. The rotational interactions allow ensembles of proteins to sample configurations and reach an ordered steady state, which are inaccessible to the quenched nonrotational system. Rotational interactions thus act as a sort of temperature that removes disorder, except that actual thermal diffusion leads to expansion and loss of order. In contrast, the rotational interactions are bounded in space. Hence, once an ordered state is reached, it is maintained at all times.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures