cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Homa haematoptila d'Australie
Creators: name: Webb, Michael D.
name: Xu, Ye
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Homa
Homa haematoptila

description: Homa haematoptila (Kirkaldy, 1906)
(Fig. 1L, M)
Eupteryx haematoptilus Kirkaldy, 1906: 362, plate 31, fig. 6. — Evans 1966: 267.
Cicadella haematoptila – Metcalf 1968: 685.
Homa haematoptilus – Dworakowska 1969: 487.
DISTRIBUTION. — Australia.
MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Australia • 1 ♀; Queensland; Kuranda; F. P. Dodd; VII.1904; Homa haematoptila det. I. Dworakowska; 1969; NHM.
REMARKS
Kirkaldy’s comments preceding his description that the “tegmina are unfortunately a little mutilated” suggests he had one specimen, the holotype, described as female with the following data: “ Queensland, Redlynch (vii)”. This information matches the image of the type (now without abdomen), from BPBM, given here (Fig. 1L, M).
Dworakowska (1969) placed this species as a senior synonym of H. insignis but later (Dworakowska 1994a) treated H. insignis as a valid species but this was apparently overlooked by Xu et al. (2022) who treated it still as a senior synonym of H. insignis, without justification. In fact, as H. haematoptila is known only from the female from Australia its identity remains uncertain, although from the described forewing markings and venation it is correctly placed in Homa and matches the female specimen examined here from Australia, Kuranda and some new species of Homa seen from the Pacific (NHM). The former specimen from Kuranda could represent the record of Dayus euryphaessus from Kuranda, by Evans (1966: 266). According to Murray Fletcher (pers. com.), the Redlynch type was collected as part of the Bishop Museum’s visit to Australia by Koebele and Perkins in 1904, which started Kirkaldy’s study of the Australian fauna.
description: Published as part of Webb, Michael D. & Xu, Ye, 2022, Review of the " red " Empoascini leafhoppers in the genera Baguoidea Mahmood, 1967, Dayus Mahmood, 1967 and Homa Distant, 1908 (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) from Asia and the West Pacific, pp. 549-563 in Zoosystema 44 (22) on page 556, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a22, http://zenodo.org/record/7428311
Homa katoi Dworakowska 1984
Creators: name: Webb, Michael D.
name: Xu, Ye
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Homa
Homa katoi

description: Homa katoi Dworakowska, 1984
(Fig. 1J, K)
Homa katoi Dworakowska, 1984: 12, figs 148-161. — Xu et al. 2022: 180 (key).
DISTRIBUTION. — Malaysia: Peninsular, Malacca, Sabah (new record).
MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Holotype. Malaysia • ♂; Malay Peninsula: Perak; Taiping; 8.XI.1943; R. Takahashi; NHM.
Paratypes. Malaysia • 1 ♂, 4 ♀, 1 specimen with abdomen missing; Malay Peninsula: Perak, Taiping; 8.XI.1943; R. Takahashi; NHM • 1 ♀; Malay Peninsula: Kuala Lumpur; 7.VIII.1931; on Solanum melongena (Aubergine); NHMUK 013588832
Non-types. West Malaysia • 1 ♂, 6♀, 1 immature; Malacca, Alor Gajah; 28.VIII.1989; on cocoa; NHM • 1♀; same data; 17.VII.1989; NMHUK 013387440 • 1 ♂, 5♀; Sabah; A.R.C. Tuaran; 22.V.1973; on castor oil; NHM.
REMARKS
In the original description of this species part of the legend is missing but communication with the author (Dr Dworakowska) indicates that the apodemes in her fig. 61 might be dorsal or ventral. The species is newly recorded from Sabah.
description: Published as part of Webb, Michael D. & Xu, Ye, 2022, Review of the " red " Empoascini leafhoppers in the genera Baguoidea Mahmood, 1967, Dayus Mahmood, 1967 and Homa Distant, 1908 (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) from Asia and the West Pacific, pp. 549-563 in Zoosystema 44 (22) on page 560, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a22, http://zenodo.org/record/7428311
Homa rubrodorsata Kato 1933
Creators: name: Webb, Michael D.
name: Xu, Ye
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Homa
Homa rubrodorsata

description: Homa rubrodorsata Kato, 1933
Homa rubrodorsata Kato, 1933a: 452, plate 15, fig. 26; 1933b: pl. 30, fig. 5. — Xu et al. 2022: 188, figs 78-80.
Empoasca (Homa) rubrodorsata – Esaki & Ito 1954: 22.
DISTRIBUTION. — Taiwan, Japan (see Remarks).
MATERIAL EXAMINED. — No material examined.
REMARKS
The identity of this species, described from Japan and Taiwan is uncertain as it is known only from a female type and males are needed for species identification. However, from the figures given by Kato (1933a, b) and images of a type given by Xu et al. (2022) taken by Dr Masami Hayashi from the Kato family collection (Japan), the marking on the forewings indicate it is correctly placed in Homa.
description: Published as part of Webb, Michael D. & Xu, Ye, 2022, Review of the " red " Empoascini leafhoppers in the genera Baguoidea Mahmood, 1967, Dayus Mahmood, 1967 and Homa Distant, 1908 (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) from Asia and the West Pacific, pp. 549-563 in Zoosystema 44 (22) on page 560, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a22, http://zenodo.org/record/7428311
Homa sinensis Qin & Zhang 2011
Creators: name: Webb, Michael D.
name: Xu, Ye
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Homa
Homa sinensis

description: Homa sinensis Qin & Zhang
(Fig. 5)
Homa sinensis Qin & Zhang in Qin et al., 2011: 32, figs 1-14. — Xu et al. 2022: 189, figs 81-85.
DISTRIBUTION. — China.
MATERIAL EXAMINED. — No material examined.
description: Published as part of Webb, Michael D. & Xu, Ye, 2022, Review of the " red " Empoascini leafhoppers in the genera Baguoidea Mahmood, 1967, Dayus Mahmood, 1967 and Homa Distant, 1908 (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) from Asia and the West Pacific, pp. 549-563 in Zoosystema 44 (22) on page 560, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a22, http://zenodo.org/record/7428311
BOOSTING POWER GRID STABILITY: INTEGRATION OF ELECTRIC SPRING CONTROL WITH ACOQPCI
Creators: name: Xiaoyu Lian, Zhang
Publisher: name: continental
Year: 2024
Subjects: Electric Spring (ES), Renewable Energy Integration, Power Grid Stability, Control Strategies, Voltage Fluctuations

description: The integration of large-scale renewable energy sources into the power grid has become increasingly important in recent years, driven by concerns over energy sustainability and environmental impact. However, the intermittent and unpredictable nature of renewable energy generation has led to power supply and demand imbalances, resulting in voltage and frequency fluctuations and harmonic pollution. To tackle these challenges, the first-generation Electric Spring (ES-1) was introduced, providing reactive power compensation to stabilize critical load voltage. Compared to traditional demand-side management and energy storage solutions, Electric Spring technology offers real-time and seamless control of load voltage during grid voltage fluctuations. This abstract provides an overview of the advancements in Electric Spring technology, emphasizing its role in addressing power grid challenges related to renewable energy integration. It explores the evolution of ES topology structures and control strategies, focusing on ES-2. Current research efforts are directed towards enhancing the performance of Electric Springs through innovative control schemes and optimization algorithms, including phase control, Proportional Resonant controller with grid voltage feedforward, fuzzy PI algorithms, and variable universe PI control. These control strategies are continually evolving to exhibit greater robustness, adaptability to nonlinearity, and intelligence.
Stactobia hattorii Botosaneanu & Nozaki 1996
Creators: name: Ito, Tomiko
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydroptilidae
Stactobia
Stactobia hattorii

description: Stactobia hattorii Botosaneanu & Nozaki 1996
(Figs 8, 18)
Stactobia hattorii Botosaneanu & Nozaki, 1996, 56–58, holotype male, Honshu (Shizuoka).
Diagnosis. This species belongs to the S. martynovi Species Group and is distinguished from congeneric species by the short, twisted phallic spine.
Description. Male (Figs 8A–8D). Antennae each 18-segmented and 0.8–1.0 mm long (n = 5). Length of each forewing and hind wing 2.0– 2.2 mm and 1.5–1.8 mm, respectively (n = 5). Tibial spur formula 1, 2, 4.
Genitalia. Tergite VII longer than sternite VII, sternite VII expanded at anterior margin in lateral view, ventral process long with expanded spiny apex. Tergite VIII longitudinally shorter than sternite VIII. Tergite IX with pair of long anterior apodemes, sternite IX reduced. Tergite X semimembranous with pair of weakly sclerotized, wide, transverse bands dorsolaterally. Subgenital appendages small, narrowly triangular, with heavily sclerotized and rounded apices in ventral view. Inferior appendages small, subquadrate in lateral view, M-shaped with rounded, heavily sclerotized mesal edges in ventral view. Phallus long, almost straight, slightly flattened, with subacute apex; internal spine strongly twisted twice, short, 10–12 times as long as basal width.
Larva. Unknown.
Specimens examined. HONSHU. Shizuoka: 2 males, Shizuoka-shi, Oi-gawa, 1200 m a.s.l., 29.iv.1996, TH (paratypes, PTN). Kyoto: 1 male, Kyoto-shi, Kibune, Kibune-gawa, 29.v.2000, K. Endo. Hyogo: 20 males, Sekinonomiya-cho, Hyonosen, 15.v.1993, NK; 1 male, Chisa-cho, Itanami-keikoku, 550 m a.s.l., 12.ix.2002, TH. Okayama: 10 males, Nagi-cho, Takimoto, Takiyama, 24.ix.2011, KN; 1 male, Tsuyama-shi, Okutsugawa, 5.v.2011, KN; 3 males, Tsuyama-shi, Kamo-cho, Kurami, 4.vi.2016, KN; 49 males, Nishi-awakura-son, Ogaya, 20 & 24.vii.2016, KN.
Distribution (Fig. 18). Honshu (Shizuoka, Kyoto, Hyogo, Okayama).
Habitat. Adults of this species were collected by the above colleagues near falls and very fast flowing streams.
Japanese name. Hattori-kaku-himetobikera (newly given here).
description: Published as part of Ito, Tomiko, 2017, The genus Stactobia McLachlan (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Japan, pp. 201-233 in Zootaxa 4350 (2) on pages 215-216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1053028
Stactobia nishimotoi Botosaneanu & Nozaki 1996
Creators: name: Ito, Tomiko
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydroptilidae
Stactobia
Stactobia nishimotoi

description: Stactobia nishimotoi Botosaneanu & Nozaki 1996
(Figs 10, 19)
Stactobia nishimotoi Botosaneanu & Nozaki, 1996, 58–61, holotype male, Honshu (Aichi). Stactobia sp.: Kuhara & Ito 2017, 16, Yakushima.
Diagnosis. This species belongs to the S. martynovi Species Group and is distinguished from congeneric species by the shape and position of the 2 short internal spines of the phallus.
Description. Male (Figs 10A–10E). Antennae each 18-segmented and 0.6–0.8 mm long (n = 7). Length of each forewing and hind wing 1.6–2.4 mm and 1.4–2.1 mm, respectively (n = 7). Tibial spur formula 1, 2, 4.
Genitalia. Tergite VII almost as long as sternite VII, sternite VII with ventral process long, apically expanded, spiny. Tergite VIII longitudinally shorter than sternite VIII. Tergite IX with pair of long anterior apodemes, sternite IX reduced. Tergite X semimembranous, weakly sclerotized dorsolaterally. Subgenital appendages transversely slender, rounded at mesal edges in ventral view. Inferior appendages small, in ventral view tightly arched. Phallus long, almost straight, rounded apically; with slender bar and 2 short, strongly sclerotized spines internally, situated at middle and apex, middle spine long, about 7 times as long as basal width, gently curved, directed posterad and apical spine 4 times as long as basal width, slightly curved, directed anterad.
Larva. Unknown.
Specimens examined. HONSHU. Miyagi: 1 male, Sendai-shi, Futakuchi, Natori-gawa, 400 m, a.s.l., 8.vi.1974, TH. Hyogo: 1 male, Asago-shi, Kamikawa-cho, Onakai, 4.v.2006, K. Inazu; 1 male, Asago-shi, Kamikawa-cho, Miyahashi, 4.v.2006, K. Inazu. Shimane: 9 males, Misato-cho, Daiwa, Nagato, Hibiki-dani, 6.viii.2001, AO. SHIKOKU. Kochi: 1 male, Shimanto-shi, Nishitosa, Kuroson-keikoku, 1.v.2004, MT (PTN). KYUSHU. Oita: 16 males, Yufu-shi, Yufuin, Kawanishi, Mizuwake-toge, 15.x.1992, NK. Kagoshima, Yakushima: 4 males, Yakushima-cho, Yoshida-gawa, Yoshida-bashi, 25.ix.2003, NK.
Distribution (Fig. 19). Honshu (Miyagi, Aichi, Hyogo, Shimane); Shikoku (Kochi); Kyushu (Oita); Yakushima. Newly recorded for Shikoku, Kyushu, and Yakushima.
Habitat. Adults of this species were collected by the above colleagues near fast flowing streams.
Japanese name. Nishimoto-kaku-himetobikera (newly given here).
description: Published as part of Ito, Tomiko, 2017, The genus Stactobia McLachlan (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Japan, pp. 201-233 in Zootaxa 4350 (2) on pages 218-219, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1053028
Stactobia distinguenda Botosaneanu & Nozaki 1996
Creators: name: Ito, Tomiko
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydroptilidae
Stactobia
Stactobia distinguenda

description: Stactobia distinguenda Botosaneanu & Nozaki, 1996
(Figs 11, 19)
Stactobia distinguenda Botosaneanu & Nozaki, 1996, 60–62, holotype male, Honshu (Gifu).
Diagnosis. This species belongs to the S. nielseni Species Group Schmid 1959. The male of this species is similar to that of Stactobia radovanovici Schmid 1959, described from Pakistan, in having a long sternite VIII and slender inferior appendages, but differs in the shape of the phallus: S. distinguenda has short phallic spines, S. radovanovici lacks spines.
Male (Figs 11A–11E). Antennae each 18-segmented and 0.5–0.7 mm long (n = 5). Length of each forewing and hind wing 1.4–1.6 mm and 1.2–1.4 mm, respectively (n = 5). Tibial spur formula 1, 2, 4.
Genitalia. Sternite VII longer than tergite VII, ventral process long with slightly expanded spiny apex. Tergite VIII longitudinally short, sternite VIII long, 4 times as long as tergite VIII, densely covered with thick setae. Tergite IX with pair of long apodemes anteriorly and pair of slender subgenital appendages at posteroventral edges, sternite IX reduced. Tergite X large, long, rectangular in lateral and dorsal views, 3 times as long as wide in lateral view, 2.5 times as long as wide in dorsal view, semimembranous, weakly sclerotized dorsally. Inferior appendages slender, directed dorsad in basal 1/7, gently curved posterad, then right and left appendages fused on meson and nearly straight in apical 3/4, almost reaching tip of tergite X. Phallus slender with apical 1/3 swollen; 2 short spines and slender bar internally; spines short, curved, situated apically and subapically, subapical one with inner hook in some specimens.
Larva. Unknown.
Specimens examined. HOKKAIDO. Ishikari: 2 males, Chitose-shi, Bifue-no-taki, 30.vii.2006, TI & TH. HONSHU. Shizuoka: 2 males, Shizuoka-shi, Akazawa, 19.ix.2013, TH & TI. Shiga: 1 male, Higashi-omi-shi, Eigenji, small fall near Kanzaki-gawa, 9.ix.2014, TI; 2 males, same locality, 29.v.2015, TI; 8 males, same locality, 11.vi.2016, TI.
Distribution (Fig. 19). Hokkaido (Ishikari), Honshu (Gifu, Shizuoka, Shiga). New to Hokkaido.
Habitat. Adults of this species were collected by TH and me near falls and hygropetric zones.
Japanese name. Onaga-kaku-himetobikera (newly given here).
description: Published as part of Ito, Tomiko, 2017, The genus Stactobia McLachlan (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Japan, pp. 201-233 in Zootaxa 4350 (2) on page 219, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1053028
Stactobia yona Ito 2017, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Ito, Tomiko
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydroptilidae
Stactobia
Stactobia yona

description: Stactobia yona sp. nov.
(Figs 13, 19)
Diagnosis. This species belongs to the S. martynovi Species Group. The male of this species is clearly distinguished from other congeneric species by the shape of the phallus which has a long sharp internal spine.
Description. Male (Figs 13A–13D). Antennae each 18-segmented and 0.8–0.9 mm long (n = 5). Length of each forewing and hind wing 1.9–2.0 mm and 1.6–1.7 mm, respectively (n = 5). Tibial spur formula 1, 2, 4.
Genitalia. Tergite VII quadrate, sternite VII slightly shorter longitudinally than tergite, ventral process long with apex expanded, spiny. Tergite VIII and sternite VIII subequally large, rectangular. Tergite IX subquadrate with pair of long anterior apodemes, sternite IX reduced. Tergite X semimembranous, quadrate in dorsal view, apically subacute in lateral view, with pair of pale longitudinal sclerites dorsolaterally. Subgenital appendages slender and inferior appendages small and heart-shaped in ventral view. Phallus tubular with slender bar and long flattened spine internally; bar weakly sclerotized, almost 1/2 as long as phallus; spine strongly sclerotized, 10 times as long as basal width, sharply pointed apically.
Final instar larva (Figs 13E–13G). Sclerites dark brown. Head up to 0.29 mm wide, body up to 2.0 mm long. Thorax: About 25 setae on each notum; prosternum with pair of very short, transversely wide sclerites and pair of small lateral round sclerites. Abdominal terga each with mid transverse dorsal sclerite and pair of small round dorsolateral sclerites. Other features typical of genus.
Case of larva (Figs 13H, 13I). Length 2.2 mm. Composed of silken dome-shaped dorsal valve and silken rectangular ventral valve. Anterior and posterior hoods large, convex, apices each often with small notch at middle. Other features typical of genus.
Type series. Holotype. Male, RYUKYU ISLANDS, Okinawa-jima, Kunigami-son, Aha, Fun-gawa, Tanagagumui, 26˚43’30”N, 128˚17’12”E, 78 m a.s.l., 22.iii.1999, TI & AO (CBM-ZI 166003).
Paratypes. 2 males, same data as holotype (CBM-ZI 166004–166005).
Other specimens. RYUKYU ISLANDS. Okinawa-jima: 2 males, 21 pupae, 5 prepupae, 71 final instar larvae, same data as holotype; 2 males, Kunigami-son, Yona-gawa, Heigi-bashi, 10.iv.2011, TI; 5 males, same locality, 18.iii.2014, TI. Amami-oshima: 1 male, Uken-son, 24.iii.1997, F. Nishimoto; 1 male, Yamato-son, Materia-no-taki, 25–26.x.2011, TI.
Distribution (Fig. 19). Ryukyu Islands (Amami-oshima, Okinawa-jima).
Habitat. Larvae of this species were collected by AO and me at very fast streams with large stones.
Ethymology. The name “ yona ” is a noun in apposition, coined from the locality where many males were collected.
Japanese name. Yona-kaku-himetobikera.
description: Published as part of Ito, Tomiko, 2017, The genus Stactobia McLachlan (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Japan, pp. 201-233 in Zootaxa 4350 (2) on page 222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1053028
Stactobia semele Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2007
Creators: name: Ito, Tomiko
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydroptilidae
Stactobia
Stactobia semele

description: Stactobia semele Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2007
(Figs 17, 19)
Stactobia semele Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2007, 1044, 1090, holotype male, Taiwan.
Diagnosis. This species belongs to the S. martynovi Species Group and is distinguished from congeneric species by the shape and position of the internal spine of the phallus.
Description. Male. Antennae each 18-segmented and 0.6–0.7 mm long (n = 5). Length of each forewing and hind wing 1.5–1.7 mm and 1.3–1.5 mm, respectively (n = 5). Tibial spur formula 1, 2, 4.
Genitalia (Fig 17A–17D). Tergite VII subquadrate, almost as long as sternite VII, ventral process with expanded spiny apex. Tergite and sternite VIII subequally long and longer than those of segment VII. Tergite IX subquadrate with pair of long anterior apodemes, sternite IX reduced. Tergite X semimembranous, weakly sclerotized dorsolaterally, subquadrate with large triangular excision medially in dorsal view. Subgenital appendages slender with round mesal edges. Inferior appendages roundish, in ventral view with small heart-shaped sclerites. Phallus tubular with internal slender spine at half length, subacute apically; spine almost straight, slightly curved at apex, 15–18 times as long as basal width.
Final instar larva (Figs 17E–G). Sclerites dark brown. Head about 0.29 mm wide, body up to 2.0 mm long. Thorax: About 25, 20, and 15 setae on pro-, meso- and metanota, respectively; pair of very short and transversely wide sclerites posteriorly on each of pro- and mesosterna. Abdominal terga each with middorsal sclerite and pair of small round sclerites dorsolaterally. Other features typical of genus.
Case (Figs 17H, 17I). Length 2.2 mm. Composed of dome-like dorsal valve and smaller rectangular ventral valve. Anterior and posterior hoods each convex apically with tiny notch at middle. Made of silk, with sand grains scattered on dorsal valve and hoods. Other features typical of genus.
Specimens examined. RYUKYU ISLANDS. Iriomote-jima: 11 males, Omijya-gawa, Omijya-bashi, 13.iv.2005, TI; 5 males, same locality, 30.ix.2013, TI; 9 males, 11 final instar larvae, same locality, 22.iii.2016, TI; 1 male, Omijya-gawa, Tage-no-taki, 22.iii.2016, TI; 1 male, Aira-gawa, middle reach, 21.iii.2016, TI; 1 male, Yuchin-gawa, small fall, 23.iii.2016, TI.
Distribution (Fig. 19). Ryukyu Islands (Iriomote-jima), Taiwan. Newly recorded for Japan.
Habitat. Larvae of this species were collected by me from very fast streams with large rocks.
Japanese name. Taiwan-kaku-himetobikera.
Remarks. The final instar larva and its case is described here for the first time.
description: Published as part of Ito, Tomiko, 2017, The genus Stactobia McLachlan (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Japan, pp. 201-233 in Zootaxa 4350 (2) on pages 230-232, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1053028
Ptilomerinae
Creators: name: Raruanysong, Sajeemat
name: Vitheepradit, Akekawat
name: Sites, Robert W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Gerridae

description: Subfamily Ptilomerinae
Members of this subfamily are characterized by a body length of 4–20 mm, metacetabular groove dorsally reaching the anterior end of abdominal tergite I, and the length of the foretarsus is at least half of the length of the foretibia (Chen et al. 2005). These insects are commonly found in montane streams in Thailand where they stride in an upstream direction against the water cuurent (AV pers. obs.). Specifically, species of Pleciobates, Pleciogonus, Ptilomerella, and Rhyacobates generally occur in the fast flowing sections of streams, whereas species of Ptilomera and Rheumatogonus occur in the less turbulent sections of streams in Thailand (Vitheepradit 2008, Zettel 2009). Moreover, several species of this subfamily are capable of hanging onto emergent rocks in streams and jumping down from those rocks when they are threatened, and a single specimen of Ptilomera tigrina Uhler was found hanging on the rockface of waterfall at the waterline in Kanchanaburi Province (AV pers. obs.).
Key to the genera of Ptilomerinae of Thailand (modified from Chen et al. 2005)
1. Hind femur distinctly longer than middle femur.............................................................. 2
1’. Hind femur subequal to or shorter than middle femur.........................................................3
2. Body large,> 15 mm in length. Hind coxa with prominent distolateral spine................................ Ptilomera
2’. Body small, <8 mm in length. Hind coxa without spine..................................... Ptilomerella akekawati
3. First antennal segment shorter the remaining three antennal segments together (Fig. 3).................. Rheumatogonus
3’. First antennal segment longer or subequal to the three remaining antennal segments together (Figs. 4–7)................ 4
4. Mesonotum orange with a broad mid-longitudinal black stripe (Fig. 4).......................... Pleciogonus wongsirii
4'. Mesonotum dark with or without midlongitudinal stripe (Figs. 5–7).............................................. 5
5. Pronotum black laterally with broad triangular orange marking that makes up> half of notum (Fig. 5) (all wing forms). Mesonotum darkly colored with mid-longitudinal orange stripe (Fig. 5) (apterous form only)......... Rhyacobates malaisei
5'. Pronotum mostly black with elongate orange midlongitudinal marking that makes up <half of notum (Figs. 6, 7) (all wing forms). Mesonotum darkly colored without mid-longitudinal orange stripe (Figs. 6, 7) (apterous form only)...... Pleciobates
description: Published as part of Raruanysong, Sajeemat, Vitheepradit, Akekawat & Sites, Robert W., 2014, Key to the species of Ptilomerinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) of Thailand and review of the fauna of the Tennaserim Mountain Range, pp. 101-117 in Zootaxa 3852 (1) on page 103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3852.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/230500
Ptilomera Amyot & Serville
Creators: name: Raruanysong, Sajeemat
name: Vitheepradit, Akekawat
name: Sites, Robert W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Gerridae
Ptilomera

description: Genus Ptilomera Amyot & Serville
The genus was revised by Hungerford & Matsuda (1965) and comprises 46 described species throughout the Oriental region and some Pacific islands (Hungerford & Matsuda 1965; Andersen 1967a, b; Nieser & Chen 1992; Polhemus 1998, 2001; Polhemus & Polhemus 2001; Zettel 2003; Vitheepradit & Sites 2007). The Thai fauna was thoroughly reviewed and seven species were reported from the country, which is the most speciose compared to that of other mainland countries in Southeast Asia (Vitheepradit & Sites 2007). The distribution patterns of Ptilomera in the Tennaserim Mountain Range are reflective of those of Ptilomera throughout Indochina in that P. tigrina is a widespread species, whereas the Thai congeners are local endemics (Polhemus 2001, Vitheepradit & Sites 2007). Members of this genus usually are found in riffles of fast flowing streams in which they maintain their position by rapid striding in an upstream direction. In the Tennaserim Mountain Range, three species were collected.
description: Published as part of Raruanysong, Sajeemat, Vitheepradit, Akekawat & Sites, Robert W., 2014, Key to the species of Ptilomerinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) of Thailand and review of the fauna of the Tennaserim Mountain Range, pp. 101-117 in Zootaxa 3852 (1) on page 103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3852.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/230500
Ptilomera tennaserim Vitheepradit & Sites
Creators: name: Raruanysong, Sajeemat
name: Vitheepradit, Akekawat
name: Sites, Robert W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Gerridae
Ptilomera
Ptilomera tennaserim

description: Ptilomera tennaserim Vitheepradit & Sites
Figs. 20, 21, 34, 35
Ptilomera tennaserim Vitheepradit & Sites 2007: Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 144–145.
Diagnosis. Ptilomera tennaserim males can be recognized by the pygophore with a narrowly digitate apical projection (Fig. 21) and females by abdominal segment VII reflexed upward from segment VI at a 75º angle (Fig. 35). More specifically, males of P. tennaserim can be distinguished by the median lobe of the proctiger surpassing the posterior tips of the lateral wings of the pygophore (Fig. 20), whereas the median lobe is more or less even with the posterior tips of the lateral wings in P. tigrina (Fig. 22). Males of P. tennaserim can be distinguished by the pygophore with a digitate apex (Fig. 21), which is broadly-rounded in P. j a r i y ae (Fig. 17).
Females of P. tennaserim can be distinguished by a well-developed ventrolateral lobe of abdominal segment VII (Fig. 35) which is obsolescent in P. j a r i y a e (Fig. 31), and by connexival spines that are strongly curved and crossing (Fig. 34), whereas they are straight and convergent in P. tigrina (Fig. 36).
Discussion. This species was previously found in a shaded, gravel-bottomed stream which flowed from the mountains into a reservoir in the Tennaserim Range in Kanchanaburi Province (Vitheepradit & Sites 2007). Although collecting during the present intensive survey was conducted repeatedly at the type locality and adjacent streams, additional specimens of this species were not collected. This may indicate the rarity of this species in the Thai fauna.
Material examined. THAILAND: Kanchanaburi Province: Amphur Sangkhla Buri, Heuy Li Jia, 15º04'N 98º33'E, 169 m, 26-V-2004, Vitheepradit and Prommi, L-718 (1 male, 2 females); same locality, 12-V-2003, AV, Prommi and Ferro, L-526 (1 female).
description: Published as part of Raruanysong, Sajeemat, Vitheepradit, Akekawat & Sites, Robert W., 2014, Key to the species of Ptilomerinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) of Thailand and review of the fauna of the Tennaserim Mountain Range, pp. 101-117 in Zootaxa 3852 (1) on page 108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3852.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/230500
Rheumatogonus Kirkaldy
Creators: name: Raruanysong, Sajeemat
name: Vitheepradit, Akekawat
name: Sites, Robert W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Macroveliidae
Rheumatogonus

description: Genus Rheumatogonus Kirkaldy
The genus Rheumatogonus in Southeast Asia was revised by Chen & Nieser (2002) and nine species were recognized. Similar to other members of Ptilomerinae, males and females can be identified based on genitalic structure and non-genitalic characters, respectively (Chen & Nieser 2002). However, accurate identification requires male specimens. This genus is distributed in the tropical forests of the Oriental Region and prefers slow reaches of montane streams in forested areas (Andersen 1982, Chen & Zettel 1998, Chen & Nieser 2002). Members of this genus in Thailand are yellowish green in color when they are alive, but become yellowish brown in alcohol or exposure to light. Two species have been reported from Thailand (Chen & Nieser 2002), both of which were collected in the Tennaserim Mountain Range.
description: Published as part of Raruanysong, Sajeemat, Vitheepradit, Akekawat & Sites, Robert W., 2014, Key to the species of Ptilomerinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) of Thailand and review of the fauna of the Tennaserim Mountain Range, pp. 101-117 in Zootaxa 3852 (1) on page 110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3852.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/230500
Rheumatogonus
Creators: name: Raruanysong, Sajeemat
name: Vitheepradit, Akekawat
name: Sites, Robert W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Macroveliidae
Rheumatogonus

description: Key to the species of male Rheumatogonus of Thailand
(modified from Chen & Nieser 2002)
1. Paramere with basal tooth pronounced; paramere semicircular (Fig. 39)............................... .. R. intermedius
1’. Paramere with basal tooth indistinct or lacking; paramere basal 2/3 parallel sided, distal 1/3 roundly right-angled (Fig. 38)............................................................................................. R. vietnamensis
description: Published as part of Raruanysong, Sajeemat, Vitheepradit, Akekawat & Sites, Robert W., 2014, Key to the species of Ptilomerinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) of Thailand and review of the fauna of the Tennaserim Mountain Range, pp. 101-117 in Zootaxa 3852 (1) on page 110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3852.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/230500
Pleciogonus pacholatkoi Zettel & Chen
Creators: name: Raruanysong, Sajeemat
name: Vitheepradit, Akekawat
name: Sites, Robert W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Macroveliidae
Pleciogonus
Pleciogonus pacholatkoi

description: Pleciobates pacholatkoi Zettel & Chen
Figs. 6, 7, 40, 43, 44
Pleciobates pacholatkoi Zettel & Chen 1996: Entomol. Abhand. Mus. Tierk. Dresden 164–166.
Diagnosis. Males of this species can be distinguished by the paramere noticeably wider near the middle (Fig. 40), whereas in P. tuberculatus the paramere is of even thickness throughout, except at the base (Fig. 41). Females can be distinguished by abdominal sternite VII with a straight to slightly concave posterior margin and the connexival spines are curved outward and slightly decurved (Figs. 43, 44), whereas in P. tuberculatus sternite VII is distinctly concave and the connexival spines are convergent and slightly depressed or directed straight caudad (Figs. 45, 46).
Discussion. This species has been reported from both Thailand and Vietnam, including Phitsanulok Province in Thailand (Zettel & Chen 1996). In this study, this species was collected from Kanchanaburi and Prachuap Khiri Khan provinces. Based on intensive observations in the field, both adults and nymphs were found frequently on the lee side of rocks in fast flowing streams, where the rocks provide a protected, less turbulent habitat. When they were pursued, they jumped off the rock and glided away, but returned to the same place after several minutes.
Material examined. THAILAND: Kanchanaburi Province: Amphur Thong Pha Phum, Heuy Pak Kog, 14º39'N 98º32'E, 184 m, 12-IV-2002, UMC and CMU teams, L-336 (6 males, 6 females); same locality, 8-IV-2003, Sites, Vitheepradit, Prommi, and Setaphan, L-455 (11 males, 7 females); Thong Pha Phum NP, Heuy Pak Kog, 14º38'N 98º31'E, 206 m, 9-IV-2003, Sites, AV, Prommi and Setaphan, L-460 (1 male, 2 females); Prachuap Khiri Khan Province: Amphur Kui Buri, Forest Plantation Station, 12º04'N 99º37'E, 117 m, 17-V-2002, Vitheepradit and Ferro, L-540 (1 male).
description: Published as part of Raruanysong, Sajeemat, Vitheepradit, Akekawat & Sites, Robert W., 2014, Key to the species of Ptilomerinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) of Thailand and review of the fauna of the Tennaserim Mountain Range, pp. 101-117 in Zootaxa 3852 (1) on pages 113-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3852.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/230500
Pleciogonus Chen, Nieser
Creators: name: Raruanysong, Sajeemat
name: Vitheepradit, Akekawat
name: Sites, Robert W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Macroveliidae
Pleciogonus

description: Genus Pleciogonus Chen, Nieser, & Wattanachaiyingcharoen
This monotypic genus is represented by Pleciogonus wongsirii Chen, Nieser, & Wattanachaiyingcharoen and has been recorded only from Thailand (Chen et al. 2002). This genus is found in montane streams (Chen et al. 2002) and is closely related to Andersenius Zettel & Chen and Pleciobates Esaki; however, P. wongsirii can easily be separated from the other genera based on color pattern (Chen & Zettel 1998). More specifically, Pleciogonus has a yellow mesopleuron whereas Andersenius and Pleciobates have dark mesopleura.
description: Published as part of Raruanysong, Sajeemat, Vitheepradit, Akekawat & Sites, Robert W., 2014, Key to the species of Ptilomerinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) of Thailand and review of the fauna of the Tennaserim Mountain Range, pp. 101-117 in Zootaxa 3852 (1) on page 115, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3852.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/230500
Synalpheus agelas Pequegnat 1979
Creators: name: Hultgren, Kristin M.
name: Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald
name: Duffy, Emmett
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Alpheidae
Synalpheus
Synalpheus agelas

description: Synalpheus agelas Pequegnat & Heard, 1979
Material examined. Barbados: 1 non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08BR5001), Brandon’s Beach, from Agelas clathrodes. 1 non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08BR8501), Cluff Reef, from A. clathrodes. 20 non-ovigerous individuals, 5 ovigerous females (VIMS 08BR8202–4, 08BR8302–3, 08BR8401–8404), Cluff Reef, from Agelas dispar. 1 non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08BR601), Spawnee Reef, from A. clathrodes. Largest ovigerous female, CL 3.2 mm, largest non-ovigerous individual, CL 4.02 mm.
Color. Ovigerous females had green or orange ovaries and embryos.
Hosts and ecology. As is true elsewhere, S. agelas was found only within sponges of the genus Agelas. At Cluff reef at the northern end of Barbados, S. agelas dominated the fauna of Agelas spp., with up to 11 individuals per sponge. This contrasts with previously sampled sites in other regions, where S. agelas is usually a minor component of the fauna of Agelas, often occurring as one or two heterosexual pairs within a sponge (Macdonald et al. 2006; Macdonald et al. 2009; Hultgren et al. 2010).
Distribution. Florida Keys, USA (Morrison et al. 2004); Bahamas (Dardeau 1984); Gulf of Mexico (Pequegnat & Heard 1979; Dardeau 1984); Puerto Rico (Dardeau 1984); Cuba (Martínez Iglesias & García Raso 1999); Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Ríos & Duffy 2007); Jamaica (Macdonald et al. 2009) Curaçao (Hultgren et al. 2010); Barbados (this study); northeastern Brazil (Coelho Filho 2006).
Remarks. Synalpheus agelas can be easily distinguished from other species of Synalpheus occurring in Agelas spp. by the number of segments in the carpus of the second pereopod (4 in S. agelas, 5 in other species living in Agelas spp.).
description: Published as part of Hultgren, Kristin M., Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald & Duffy, Emmett, 2011, Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Alpheidae: Synalpheus) of Barbados, West Indies, with a description of a new eusocial species, pp. 1-16 in Zootaxa 2834 on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.208079
Synalpheus androsi Coutiere 1909
Creators: name: Hultgren, Kristin M.
name: Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald
name: Duffy, Emmett
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Alpheidae
Synalpheus
Synalpheus androsi

description: Synalpheus androsi Coutière, 1909
Material examined. Barbados: 8 non-ovigerous individuals, 5 ovigerous females (VIMS 08BR6706–7, 08BR6802–3, 08BR7101–2), Cement Factory, from Hyattella intestinalis. 1 non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08BR8002), Cluff Reef, from H. intestinalis. 12 non-ovigerous individuals, 5 ovigerous females (VIMS 08BR 1402–3 08 BR 1405–11), Spawnee Reef, from H. intestinalis. Largest ovigerous female, CL 4.08 mm, largest non-ovigerous individual, CL 3.78 mm.
Color. Transparent, slightly opaque whitish, with olive-colored embryos (see Ríos and Duffy 2007, Plate 1).
Hosts and ecology. As in Belize and Jamaica (Macdonald et al., 2006; Ríos and Duffy, 2007; Macdonald et al., 2009), in Barbados S. androsi lives only within the sponge Hyattella intestinalis, apparently in heterosexual pairs; we found up to five pairs of adults within a single sponge.
Distribution. Bahamas (Coutière 1909); Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Ríos & Duffy 2007); Jamaica (Macdonald et al. 2009); Barbados (this study).
Remarks. Synalpheus androsi can be easily distinguished from other species of Synalpheus living in H. intestinalis by the thin lateral flanges on flexor margins of the merus and carpus of the third and fourth pereopods.
description: Published as part of Hultgren, Kristin M., Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald & Duffy, Emmett, 2011, Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Alpheidae: Synalpheus) of Barbados, West Indies, with a description of a new eusocial species, pp. 1-16 in Zootaxa 2834 on page 5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.208079
Synalpheus belizensis Anker & Toth 2008
Creators: name: Hultgren, Kristin M.
name: Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald
name: Duffy, Emmett
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Alpheidae
Synalpheus
Synalpheus belizensis

description: Synalpheus belizensis Anker & Tóth, 2008
Material examined. Barbados: 1 non-ovigerous individual, 1 ovigerous female (VIMS 08BR 5701–2), Brandon’s Beach, host unknown. 3 non-ovigerous individuals (VIMS 08BR4101–2, 08BR4301), Brandon’s Beach, from Xestospongia proxima. 3 non-ovigerous individuals, 1 ovigerous female (VIMS 08BR5801–2, 08BR5901), Breach Reef, from X. proxima. 5 non-ovigerous individuals, 3 ovigerous females (VIMS 08BR7003–4, 08BR7301, 08BR7401–2, 08BR7601–2, 08BR6901–2), Cement Factory, from Xestospongia proxima. 1 non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08BR107), Pamir, from Hyrtios cf. proteus. 1 non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08BR9501), Thun- der Bay, from X. proxima. Largest ovigerous female, CL 4.37 mm, largest non-ovigerous individual, CL 4.72 mm.
Color. Ovigerous females had yellowish-green ovaries and embryos.
Hosts and ecology. Synalpheus belizensis was most common in wider canals of Xestospongia proxima, which it often shared with the closely related, but much smaller and social S. microneptunus n. sp. (see below).
Distribution. Belize (Anker & Tóth, 2008); Jamaica (Macdonald et al. 2009) Curaçao (Hultgren et al. 2010); Barbados (this study).
Remarks. Synalpheus belizensis can be distinguished from the closely related S. microneptunus n. sp. by the larger body size of S. belizensis (3.03 – 4.72 mm CL vs. 2.16–2.73 mm CL for S. microneptunus n. sp.) and the number of segments in the carpus of the second pereopod (5 in S. belizensis, 4 in S. microneptunus n. sp.). Some individuals of S. belizensis were infested with branchial bopyrid isopods.
description: Published as part of Hultgren, Kristin M., Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald & Duffy, Emmett, 2011, Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Alpheidae: Synalpheus) of Barbados, West Indies, with a description of a new eusocial species, pp. 1-16 in Zootaxa 2834 on page 5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.208079
Synalpheus bousfieldi Chace 1972
Creators: name: Hultgren, Kristin M.
name: Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald
name: Duffy, Emmett
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Alpheidae
Synalpheus
Synalpheus bousfieldi

description: Synalpheus bousfieldi Chace 1972
Material examined. Barbados: 8 ovigerous females, 1 non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08BR3701, 3801–2, 4501, 4601, 4701–2, 4801, 5101), Brandon’s Beach, from Agelas clathrodes. Largest ovigerous female, CL 3.67 mm, largest non-ovigerous individual, CL 3.43 mm.
Color. Ovigerous females had ovaries that ranged in color from pinkish-brown to a brownish brick red, with embryo color ranging from pink to brick red.
Hosts and ecology. In Barbados, S. bousfieldi only occurred in Agelas clathrodes from a single site. S. bousfieldi commonly occurs in Hyattella intestinalis in Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006) and Curaçao (Hultgren et al. 2010), but was never found in this sponge in Barbados.
Distribution. Bahamas (Dardeau 1984); Cuba (Martínez Iglesias & García Raso 1999); Gulf of Mexico (Dardeau 1984); Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico (Chace 1972); Belize (Macdonald & Duffy 2006; Ríos & Duffy 2007); Curaçao (Hultgren et al. 2010); Barbados (this study); possibly Brazil (Christoffersen 1979, 1998).
Remarks. Synalpheus bousfieldi can be distinguished from other morphologically similar species in the S. brooksi complex occurring in Barbados by the tuft of setae on the minor chela (forming a thick brush in S. bousfieldi vs. with two parallel rows in S. thele), the typical third and fourth pereopods (vs. with thin lateral flanges in S. androsi), and the shape of the dorsal projection on the major chela (pointing downwards in S. bousfieldi vs. pointing forwards in S. idios).
description: Published as part of Hultgren, Kristin M., Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald & Duffy, Emmett, 2011, Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Alpheidae: Synalpheus) of Barbados, West Indies, with a description of a new eusocial species, pp. 1-16 in Zootaxa 2834 on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.208079
Synalpheus herricki Coutiere 1909
Creators: name: Hultgren, Kristin M.
name: Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald
name: Duffy, Emmett
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Alpheidae
Synalpheus
Synalpheus herricki

description: Synalpheus herricki Coutière, 1909
Material examined. Barbados: 2 ovigerous females, 4 non-ovigerous individuals (VIMS 08BR8101–5), Cluff Reef, from Aiolochroia crassa. 2 ovigerous females, 4 non-ovigerous individuals (VIMS 08BR1501–2, 1601, 2101–2), Spawnee Reef, from A. crassa. 1 ovigerous female, 5 non-ovigerous individuals (VIMS 08BR8901–3), Thunder Bay, from A. crassa. Largest ovigerous female, CL 6.46 mm, largest non-ovigerous individual, CL 5.33 mm.
Color. In Barbados S. herricki had a drab, non-descript body color; ovigerous females had grass-green to brownish-green developing ovaries and embryos.
Hosts and ecology. In Barbados, S. herricki only occurred in the common sponge Aiolochroia crassa.
Distribution. Florida (Coutière 1909); Gulf of Mexico (Coutière 1909; Dardeau 1984); Belize (Ríos & Duffy 2007), Curaçao (Hultgren et al. 2010); possibly Brazil (Christoffersen 1998).
Remarks. Many of the S. herricki collected in Barbados were juveniles. Some individuals had abdominal bopyrid parasites.
description: Published as part of Hultgren, Kristin M., Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald & Duffy, Emmett, 2011, Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Alpheidae: Synalpheus) of Barbados, West Indies, with a description of a new eusocial species, pp. 1-16 in Zootaxa 2834 on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.208079
Synalpheus hoetjesi Hultgren, Macdonald 2010
Creators: name: Hultgren, Kristin M.
name: Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald
name: Duffy, Emmett
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Alpheidae
Synalpheus
Synalpheus hoetjesi

description: Synalpheus hoetjesi Hultgren, Macdonald, & Duffy 2010
Material examined. Barbados: 2 ovigerous females, 8 non-ovigerous individuals (VIMS 08BR6701–5, 8, 12, 6801), Cement Factory, from Hyattella intestinalis. 1 non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08BR6401), Harrison’s Point reef, from Hyattella intestinalis. 1 non-ovigerous individual, 1 ovigerous female (VIMS 08BR9603–4), Thunder Bay, from Agelas clathrodes. Largest ovigerous female, CL 3.84 mm, largest non-ovigerous individual, CL 3.26 mm.
Color. Semitransparent with dull brown major chelae; females with dull olive to orange ovaries and brownish to yellowish-orange embryos.
Hosts and ecology. In Barbados, Synalpheus hoetjesi was collected in the sponges Hyattella intestinalis and Agelas clathrodes; it also occurs in the sponges Hyattella intestinalis, Xestospongia proxima, and X. subtriangularis in Curaçao (Hultgren et al. 2010).
Distribution. Curaçao (Hultgren et al. 2010); Barbados (this study); Caribbean Panama (Hultgren & Duffy 2011).
Remarks. The Barbados specimens of Synalpheus hoetjesi were similar in morphology to type specimens from Hyattella intestinalis in Curaçao and grouped with these specimens in phylogenetic trees based on DNA sequences (Hultgren et al. 2010; Hultgren & Duffy 2011). They can be distinguished from the related S. ul Rios and Duffy by the relative width of the distal telson spines (medial spines distinctly thicker than lateral spines in S. hoetjesi, similar in thickness in S. ul) and relatively larger body size (CL = 3.29 MM ± 0.144 SE for S. hoetjesi vs. 2.37 mm CL ± 0.107 for S. ul), and from S. pandionis by the development of the scaphocerite blade (generally absent or vestigial in S. hoetjesi vs.>40% of the length of scaphocerite spine in S. pandionis).
description: Published as part of Hultgren, Kristin M., Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald & Duffy, Emmett, 2011, Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Alpheidae: Synalpheus) of Barbados, West Indies, with a description of a new eusocial species, pp. 1-16 in Zootaxa 2834 on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.208079