cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impacts of retail supply chains on food security and agricultural sustainability in the global South : the case of Walmart in Nicaragua
Creators: name: Elder, Sara Dawn Whitfield
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Multinational food retailers are expanding in size and reach, gaining buyer-driven power to govern global agrifood production and consumption. Alongside a rise in private governance is a growing belief by governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that corporate social responsibility (CSR) will be effective at achieving rural development goals for smallholder farmers and their families in the global South. This dissertation investigates the on-the-ground impacts of rising corporate governance for household food security and agricultural sustainability, and how and why the particular terms of farmer engagement in retail-led supply chains mediate these impacts, through the case of Walmart in Nicaragua. The analysis is based on nine months of original fieldwork in Nicaragua in 2013, including 65 interviews with produce sector stakeholders and a survey of 250 smallholder vegetable farmers, and draws on theoretical traditions in the private governance and development studies literatures. The results show that CSR is ineffective at advancing food security and agricultural sustainability in Nicaragua. Walmart’s CSR program is designed to achieve business not development goals, and farmers are exiting the Walmart supply chain due to business practices they perceive as unfair, leaving Walmart unable to exert control over its supply chains. Cooperative organization is not sufficient for improving the terms of farmer engagement in Walmart supply chains, particularly for the most resource-poor farmers, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are in some cases worsening farmer vulnerability by linking them to buyers unwilling to adapt to local needs. Instead, voluntary public standards appear to be filling a gap that private standards do not address in supporting local farmers to improve their agricultural practices. The evidence presented in the dissertation extends understanding of why corporate social responsibility is not in many cases an effective development strategy. The findings challenge theories of private governance effectiveness, showing that multinational retail CSR programs in some cases fail to increase control over suppliers, and highlighting the agency and dynamism of smallholder farmers and governments in the global South. The findings also point to practical considerations in the design of policy to promote food security and agricultural sustainability in rural areas.
The thermal model on the verge of the ultimate test: particle production in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC
Creators: name: Andronic, A.
name: Braun-Munzinger, P.
name: Redlich, K.
name: Stachel, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the production of hadrons in nuclear collisions within the framework of the thermal (or statistical hadronization) model. We discuss both the ligh-quark hadrons as well as charmonium and provide predictions for the LHC energy. Even as its exact magnitude is dependent on the charm production cross section, not yet measured in Pb-Pb collisions, we can confidently predict that at the LHC the nuclear modification factor of charmonium as a function of centrality is larger than that observed at RHIC and compare the experimental results to these predictions.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; proceedings of QM2011
Additional file 1 of Psychometric validation of the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Desire/Arousal/Orgasm
Creators: name: Derogatis, Leonard R.
name: Revicki, Dennis A.
name: Rosen, Raymond C.
name: Jordan, Robert
name: Lucas, Johna
name: Spana, Carl
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. FSDS-R versus specified PRO measures (evaluable mITT sample).
On the origin of non-monotonic doping dependence of the in-plane resistivity anisotropy in Ba(Fe$_{1-x}T_x$)$_2$As$_2$, $T$ = Co, Ni and Cu
Creators: name: Kuo, Hsueh-Hui
name: Chu, Jiun-Haw
name: Riggs, Scott C.
name: Yu, Leo
name: McMahon, Peter L.
name: De Greve, Kristiaan
name: Yamamoto, Yoshihisa
name: Analytis, James G.
name: Fisher, Ian R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The in-plane resistivity anisotropy has been measured for detwinned single crystals of Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Ni$_x$)$_2$As$_2$ and Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Cu$_x$)$_2$As$_2$. The data reveal a non-monotonic doping dependence, similar to previous observations for Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$)$_2$As$_2$. Magnetotransport measurements of the parent compound reveal a non-linear Hall coefficient and a strong linear term in the transverse magnetoresistance. Both effects are rapidly suppressed with chemical substitution over a similar compositional range as the onset of the large in-plane resistivity anisotropy. It is suggested that the relatively small in-plane anisotropy of the parent compound in the spin density wave state is due to the presence of an isotropic, high mobility pocket of reconstructed Fermi surface. Progressive suppression of the contribution to the conductivity arising from this isotropic pocket with chemical substitution eventually reveals the underlying in-plane anisotropy associated with the remaining FS pockets.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Hubble parameter reconstruction from a principal component analysis: minimizing the bias
Creators: name: Ishida, Emille E. O.
name: de Souza, Rafael S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model-independent reconstruction of the cosmic expansion rate is essential to a robust analysis of cosmological observations. Our goal is to demonstrate that current data are able to provide reasonable constraints on the behavior of the Hubble parameter with redshift, independently of any cosmological model or underlying gravity theory. Using type Ia supernova data, we show that it is possible to analytically calculate the Fisher matrix components in a Hubble parameter analysis without assumptions about the energy content of the Universe. We used a principal component analysis to reconstruct the Hubble parameter as a linear combination of the Fisher matrix eigenvectors (principal components). To suppress the bias introduced by the high redshift behavior of the components, we considered the value of the Hubble parameter at high redshift as a free parameter. We first tested our procedure using a mock sample of type Ia supernova observations, we then applied it to the real data compiled by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) group. In the mock sample analysis, we demonstrate that it is possible to drastically suppress the bias introduced by the high redshift behavior of the principal components. Applying our procedure to the real data, we show that it allows us to determine the behavior of the Hubble parameter with reasonable uncertainty, without introducing any ad-hoc parameterizations. Beyond that, our reconstruction agrees with completely independent measurements of the Hubble parameter obtained from red-envelope galaxies.
description: Modified to match journal version
Model Theory and Machine Learning
Creators: name: Chase, Hunter S
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: We study a connection between model theory and machine learning by way of common combinatorial properties. In various settings of machine learning, combinatorial properties of the concept class being learned dictate whether the class is learnable, and if so, how long or how much data is required. In model theory, combinatorial properties can give rise to dividing lines, which create classes of theories in which a structure theory can be developed to varying degrees. Model theory and machine learning share several common combinatorial properties. The first known connection was between PAC learning and NIP theories by way of VC dimension, which led to subsequent interaction between the two fields. In this thesis, we describe a broad connection between stability and several forms of exact learning. The key combinatorial property is Littlestone dimension. This property has been known to both model theory and machine learning for decades (although by a different name in model theory), although it had not been previously pointed out that the connection existed. Finite Littlestone dimension classifies online learning, in which a learner classifies sequentially presented data. Finite Littlestone dimension also classifies stable theories, a model-theoretic class in which a rich structure theory has been developed. We extend this connection to query learning, in which the learner attempts to identify the target concept by guessing it exactly and receiving feedback to its guesses. We also consider compression schemes, where sets must be encoded by a bounded number of its elements and reconstructed by one of several reconstruction functions. The boundary between finite and infinite Littlestone dimension that corresponds to learnability and non-learnability has many similarities to the boundary between finite and infinite VC dimension. In both settings, one can define a counting function called the shatter function, and the relevant dimension controls the growth rate of this function. In particular, the appropriate Sauer-Shelah Lemma gives a polynomial bound if the relevant dimension is finite, while the function is exponential if the relevant dimension is infinite. We develop a framework for proving bounds in a uniform way and apply it in similar settings.
title: Neue Perspektiven in der Gewaltgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts
Creators: name: Wildt, Micheal
Publisher: name: Leibniz-Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam
Year: 2013

description: Am 6. Dezember wird Timothy Snyder der Hannah-Arendt-Preis im Bremer Rathaus verliehen. Sein Buch „Bloodlands. Europe between Hitler and Stalin“, das 2010 in den USA und 2011 in deutscher Übersetzung erschien, hat die Geschichtsschreibung nachhaltig verändert.
Erstmals hat ein Historiker explizit die Massenmorde des nationalsozialistischen und stalinistischen Regimes in Beziehung gesetzt und jene ostmitteleuropäische Region von Zentralpolen, der Ukraine und den baltischen Staaten bis Weißrussland in den Mittelpunkt gestellt, in der von 1917 bis 1947/48 etwa 14 Millionen Menschen starben, keine Soldaten, sondern wehrlose Zivilisten, Männer, Frauen, Kinder – die „Bloodlands“.
Additional file 1 of Impact of admission hyperglycemia on short and long-term prognosis in acute myocardial infarction: MINOCA versus MIOCA
Creators: name: Paolisso, Pasquale
name: Foà, Alberto
name: Bergamaschi, Luca
name: Angeli, Francesco
name: Fabrizio, Michele
name: Donati, Francesco
name: Toniolo, Sebastiano
name: Chiti, Chiara
name: Rinaldi, Andrea
name: Stefanizzi, Andrea
name: Armillotta, Matteo
name: Sansonetti, Angelo
name: Magnani, Ilenia
name: Iannopollo, Gianmarco
name: Rucci, Paola
name: Casella, Gianni
name: Galiè, Nazzareno
name: Pizzi, Carmine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary File 1
Quantum Quench of an Atomic Mott Insulator
Creators: name: Chen, D.
name: White, M.
name: Borries, C.
name: DeMarco, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quenches across the Bose-Hubbard Mott-insulator-to-superfluid quantum phase transition using an ultra-cold atomic gas trapped in an optical lattice. Quenching from the Mott insulator to superfluid phase is accomplished by continuously tuning the ratio of Hubbard tunneling to interaction energy. Excitations of the condensate formed after the quench are measured using time-of-flight imaging. We observe that the degree of excitation is proportional to the fraction of atoms that cross the phase boundary, and that the quantity of excitations and energy produced during the quench have a power-law dependence on the quench rate. These phenomena suggest an excitation process analogous to the Kibble-Zurek (KZ) mechanism for defect generation in non-equilibrium classical phase transitions.
Konservierte und nicht-konservierte Funktionen der Lef/Tcf Transkriptionsfaktoren
Creators: name: Klingel, Susanne
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012
Subjects: Lef/Tcf
ß-Catenin
Wnt-Signalweg

description: Die Lef/Tcf Transkriptionsfaktoren sind die nukleären Mediatoren des Wnt-Signalwegs. In allen bisher untersuchten Invertebraten liegt je nur ein Ortholog vor. Dagegen sind in Vertebraten vier distinkte Vertreter der Lef/Tcfs zu finden, Lef-1, Tcf-1, Tcf-3 und Tcf-4. Diese weisen spezifische aber auch redundante Funktionen auf. Die funktionale Analyse in Xenopus sowie in Drosophila ergab, dass diese Transkriptionsfaktoren durch das evolutionäre Prinzip der Subfunktionalisierung entstanden sind.
Two-Loop Neutrino Mass Generation through Leptoquarks
Creators: name: Babu, K. S.
name: Julio, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new model of radiative neutrino mass generation wherein TeV scale leptoguark scalars induce tiny neutrino masses as two-loop radiative corrections. The neutrino oscillation parameter \sin^2θ_{13} is predicted to be close to the current experimental limit within the model. Rare lepton flavor violating processes mediated by leptoquarks have an interesting pattern: μ-> e γ$ may be suppressed, while μ-> 3 e and μ-e conversion in nuclei are within reach of the next generation experiments. New CP violating contributions to B_s- \bar{B}_s mixing via leptoquark box diagrams are in a range that can explain the recently reported discrepancy with the standard model. D_s^- -> \ell^- νdecays mediated by leptoquarks brings theory and experiment closer, removing an observed 2 sigma anomaly. Muon g-2 receives new positive contributions, which can resolve the discrepancy between theory and experiment. The leptoquarks of the model are accessible to the LHC, and their decay branching ratios probe neutrino oscillation parameters.
description: 30 pages in LaTeX, 10 eps figures, references added, expanded discussion on B_s mixing
Charged-particle multiplicity and transverse energy in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt(snn) = 2.76 TeV with ALICE
Creators: name: Loizides, Constantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measurements of charged-particle multiplicity and transverse energy at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 2.76 TeV are reported as a function of centrality. The fraction of the inelastic cross section recorded by the ALICE detector is estimated using a Glauber model. The results scaled by the number of participating nucleons are compared with pp collisions at the same collision energy, to similar results obtained at significantly lower energies, and with models based on different mechanisms for particle production in nuclear collisions.
description: Contribution to QM 2011
Additional file 5 of Clinical connectivity map for drug repurposing: using laboratory results to bridge drugs and diseases
Creators: name: Wen, Qianlong
name: Liu, Ruoqi
name: Zhang, Ping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5: Table S1. Laboratory Result List. This table includes the name of 35 kinds of laboratory result involved in ourexperiments and their corresponding NHANES code. Figure S1. Disease Clinical Variable Statistics. The figure present number of diseases will increase (Up) or decrease(Down) the level of each clinical variables. X-axis is the name of eachclinical variable, Y-axis is the number diseases. Blue bar stands for the “Up”relation, red bar stands for the “Down” relation. Figure S2. Drug Clinical Variable Statistics. The number of drugs will increase (Up) or decrease (Down) the level ofeach clinical variables. X-axis is the name of each clinical variable, Y-axis isthe number diseases. Blue bar stands for the “Up” relation, red bar standsfor the “Down” relation.
Metallicity Gradient of a Lensed Face-on Spiral Galaxy at Redshift 1.49
Creators: name: Yuan, T. -T.
name: Kewley, L. J.
name: Swinbank, A. M.
name: Richard, J.
name: Livermore, R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first metallicity gradient measurement for a grand-design face-on spiral galaxy at z~1.5. This galaxy has been magnified by a factor of 22$\times$ by a massive, X-ray luminous galaxy cluster MACS\,J1149.5+2223 at z=0.544. Using the Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics aided integral field spectrograph OSIRIS on KECK II, we target the Halpha emission and achieve a spatial resolution of 0.1", corresponding to a source plane resolution of 170 pc. The galaxy has well-developed spiral arms and the nebular emission line dynamics clearly indicate a rotationally supported disk with V_{rot}/σ~4. The best-fit disk velocity field model yields a maximum rotation of V_{rot} sin{i}=150$\pm$15 km s^{-1}, and a dynamical mass of M_{dyn}=1.3$\pm0.2\times10^{10}csc^2(i) M_{\odot} (within 2.5\,kpc), where the inclination angle i=45$\pm10^{\circ}$. Based on the [NII] and Halpha ratios, we measured the radial chemical abundance gradient from the inner hundreds of parsecs out to ~5 kpc. The slope of the gradient is -0.16$\pm$0.02 dex kpc$^{-1}$, significantly steeper than the gradient of late-type or early-type galaxies in the local universe. If representative of disk galaxies at z~1.5, our results support an "inside-out" disk formation scenario in which early infall/collapse in the galaxy center builds a chemically enriched nucleus, followed by slow enrichment of the disk over the next 9 Gyr.
description: 13page, 4 figures, ApJL in press (updated version after proof)
From local to national : the creation of a new Hong Kong identity
Creators: name: Kwan, Justin Patrick
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Hong Kong is undergoing major political change. Its citizens have expressed concern over Beijing’s implementation of “One Country, Two Systems” and the Basic Law in protecting the city-state’s autonomy. The socio-political discontent arising from the re-sinicization of Hong Kong since 1997 has furthered the development of localism, a process whereby Hong Kongers are beginning to prioritize a local Hong Konger identity over a national Chinese identity. Situating this analysis within the nationalism literature, this thesis analyzes three types of localism: (1) preservationists who seek to protect local Hong Kong spaces through the discourse of cultural and socio-economic struggle (2) an ethnic localism which uses nativism to create a Hong Kong nation based on Southern Chinese traditions and an ethno-cultural superiority over China and (3) a civic localism that emphasizes an acquired identity based on liberal democratic values, universal suffrage as well as the right to self-determination. To illustrate this, an analysis of the 2014 Umbrella Movement will identify the diverging ideology of localism from other pan-democratic groups through an examination of the movement’s successes and failures and the impact of localist political forces on the electoral system. This is further analyzed through a case study of the 2016 New Territories East by-election. This thesis attempts to provide three main contributions to the study of Hong Kong: (1) to understand how the “local” is being articulated by various localist groups, (2) to analyze the process by which a Hong Konger nationality is becoming integrated into the political orientations of the people and (3) to link how the geopolitical relationship between Hong Kong and China is connected to an evolving Hong Kong identity. The transformation of localism from a social movement into political participation suggests not only a widening identity gap of Hong Kong from China, but the rising rationalism of Hong Kongers in defending their home.
Additional file 1 of Social media use and social connectedness among adolescents in the United Kingdom: a qualitative exploration of displacement and stimulation
Creators: name: Winstone, Lizzy
name: Mars, Becky
name: Haworth, Claire M. A.
name: Kidger, Judi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1. Social media use and social connectedness: interview topic guide.
Monomial warm inflation revisited
Creators: name: Ballesteros, Guillermo
name: Pérez Rodríguez, Alejandro
name: Pierre, Mathias
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: inflation: stochastic
curvature: fluctuation
power spectrum: scalar
gravitational radiation: primordial
correction: thermal
Fokker-Planck equation
dissipation
inflaton
numerical calculations

description: We revisit the idea that the inflaton may have dissipated part of its energy into a thermal bath during inflation, considering monomial inflationary potentials and three different forms of dissipation rate. Using a numerical Fokker-Planck approach to describe the stochastic dynamics of inflationary fluctuations, we confront this scenario with current bounds on the spectrum of curvature fluctuations and primordial gravitational waves. We also obtain analytical approximations that outperform those frequently used in previous analyses. We show that only our numerical Fokker-Planck method is accurate, fast and precise enough to test these models against current data. We advocate its use in future studies of warm inflation. We also apply the stochastic inflation formalism to this scenario, finding that a commonly implemented large thermal correction to the primordial spectrum--that had been argued to become apparent with it--is actually not required. Improved bounds on the scalar spectral index will further constrain warm inflation in the near future.
Synthesis and Rheology of Model Comb Polymer Architectures
Creators: name: Kempf, Michael
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2011
Subjects: Anionic Polymerization
Polymer Topology
Branched Polymers
Extensional Rheology
Fourier-Transform Rheology

description: For a better understanding of the extent of branching and its influence on the rheological properties of commercial branched polymers, well-defined linear and branched (comb) model polymers were synthesized. The correlation between the melt rheological properties and the polymer topology was investigated under small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS), uniaxial extension and medium- (MAOS) respectively large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) in combination with Fourier-Transform rheology.
An Institutional Handoff Effort: Guiding Future Communication Milestones and Accreditation Requirements
Creators: name: Williams, Sarah R
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Background: “Handoffs” occur when the care of a patient is transitioned from one provider to another. Safe and effective handoffs are integral to patient safety and are included in multiple specialties’ ICS milestone assessments. Unfortunately, poor handoffs continue to be a major cause of medical error. Purpose: As part of an institution-wide initiative to improve transitions of care, we explored experiences related to handoffs by housestaff across multiple specialties. This data will not only help inform future ICS milestones, but also serve as a targeted needs-assessment for the development of effective institution-wide handoff curricula. Underlying cultural and/or systems-level issues that impact handoffs may be identified that are outside individual trainees’ control. Findings may indicate the need for additional resources for both training programs and institutions, and in turn guide new accreditation requirements. Methods: A survey instrument was developed and administered to housestaff at a large, university-affiliated medical center with a wide range of ACGME specialties. We explored multiple handoff elements including content, process, and potential barriers to safe and effective handoffs. A mix of question types was used: demographics, Likert-style rankings, and open-ended responses. Data analysis included quantitative and thematic qualitative methods. Results: 687/1138 (60.4%) residents and fellows responded to the survey, representing 46 training programs. Our findings suggest wide variability in handoff content and process, notably code status not being reliably mentioned 34.7% of the time for patients who were not full code. Supervision of handoffs by attendings or senior residents commonly occurred only 39.4% of the time. 60% of respondents asked for a standardized patient hand-off tool or mnemonic. Our thematic analysis identified 5 important aspects of handoffs described by subjects: 1) handoff structure, 2) impact, 3) systems-level factors, 4) agency, and 5) blame/shame. Conclusions: Individual and systems-issues affect handoff communication. Our findings indicate a need for institution-wide training of providers that emphasizes the process and impact of handoff communications. Culture and systems-issues must be addressed, as an undercurrent of blame and shame permeates the work environment. Further study and increased programmatic and institutional -level support and resources are necessary to address this ongoing threat to patient safety and source of medical errors.
Untersuchung teilfluorierter Kohlenwasserstoffe in Dichtungswerkstoffen mittels NMR
Creators: name: Neutzler, Sven
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2011
Subjects: NMR
Kernmagnetische Resonanz
Dichtung
HFKW
teilfluorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe

description: Mit Hilfe NMR wurde das Eindringverhalten (Absorption und Diffusion) teilfluorierter Kohlenwasserstoffe in industrielle elastomere Dichtungswerkstoffe ortsaufgelöst und zerstörungsfrei bestimmt. Dazu wurden sowohl Messungen an unbelasteten sowie belasteten Proben durchgeführt und folgende Dichtungseigenschaften bestimmt:
1) Herabsetzung der Beweglichkeit des Fluids
2) Permeationswiderstand gegenüber dem Fluid
3) Veränderung des Polymers
4) Konzentration des Fluids im Polymer
Mehrdimensionale hydrodynamisch-numerische Modelle im praxisorientierten und operationellen Einsatz
Creators: name: Musall, Mark
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2011
Subjects: HN-Modell
Strömungsmodell
Praxisorientierter Einsatz
Operationeller Einsatz
FlowGIS

description: Die Dissertation zeigt die relevanten Grundlagen mehrdimensionaler HN-Modelle. Es wird eine Anleitung für das praktische Arbeiten gegeben und Besonderheiten einzelner Modelltypen werden diskutiert. Auf aktuelle Anforderungen wird eingegangen und Synergieeffekte hybrider bzw. gekoppelter Modellierung werden aufgezeigt. Abgeschlossen wird die Arbeit durch Ausführungen zum operationellen Modelleinsatz sowie die Vorstellung des für das Hochwassermanagement entwickelten Softwaresystems FlowGIS.
Symbol Alphabets from the Landau Singular Locus
Creators: name: Dlapa, Christoph
name: Helmer, Martin
name: Papathanasiou, Georgios
name: Tellander, Felix
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: Feynman graph
loop integral: 1
differential equations
Jacobi identity
Landau-Lifshitz model
singularity
kinematics

description: We provide evidence through two loops, that rational letters of polylogarithmic Feynman integrals are captured by the Landau equations, when the latter are recast as a polynomial of the kinematic variables of the integral, known as the principal $A$-determinant. Focusing on one loop, we further show that all square-root letters may also be obtained, by re-factorizing the principal $A$-determinant with the help of Jacobi identities. We verify our findings by explicitly constructing canonical differential equations for the one-loop integrals in both odd and even dimensions of loop momenta, also finding agreement with earlier results in the literature for the latter case. We provide a computer implementation of our results for the principal $A$-determinant, symbol alphabets and canonical differential equations in an accompanying Mathematica file. Finally, we study the question of when a one-loop integral satisfies the Cohen-Macaulay property and show that for almost all choices of kinematics the Cohen-Macaulay property holds. Throughout, in our approach to Feynman integrals, we make extensive use of the Gel'fand, Graev, Kapranov and Zelevinskiĭ on what are now commonly called GKZ-hypergeometric systems whose singularities are described by the principal $A$-determinant.
Nonlinear interfacial waves in a constant-vorticity planar flow over variable depth
Creators: name: Ruban, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exact Lagrangian in compact form is derived for planar internal waves in a two-fluid system with a relatively small density jump (the Boussinesq limit taking place in real oceanic conditions), in the presence of a background shear current of constant vorticity, and over arbitrary bottom profile. Long-wave asymptotic approximations of higher orders are derived from the exact Hamiltonian functional in a remarkably simple way, for two different parametrizations of the interface shape.
description: revtex, 4.5 pages, minor corrections, summary added, accepted to JETP Letters
Band Structure Based Analysis of Certain Photonic Crystal Structures
Creators: name: Wolff, Christian
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2011
Subjects: Photonischer Kristall
Bandstruktur
Wannierfunktion
Polarisation
spontane Emission

description: Photonic crystals are periodic dielectric structures that may exhibit a complete photonic band gap. First, I discuss geometric properties of the band structure such as band edges. In a second part, I present work on photonic Wannier functions and their use for solving the wave equation. The third part is devoted to applications of the presented methods: A polarization resolved transmission experiment of opel films and an analogy experiment for spontaneous emission inside a photonic crystal.
Weak decay constants of the pseudoscalar mesons from lattice QCD+QED
Creators: name: Kordov, Z. R.
name: Horsley, R.
name: Kamleh, W.
name: Nakamura, Y.
name: Perlt, H.
name: Rakow, P. E. L.
name: Schierholz, Gerrit
name: Stüben, H.
name: Young, R. D.
name: Zanotti, J. M.
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: quark, mass
decay, weak interaction
isospin, effect
quantum electrodynamics
lattice field theory
pseudoscalar meson
renormalization
lattice
nonperturbative
decay constant
pseudoscalar
mixing

description: With increasing requirements for greater precision, it becomes essential to describe the effects of isospin breaking induced by both quark masses and electro-magnetic effects. In this work we have performed a lattice analysis of the weak decay constants of the pseudoscalar mesons including such isospin breaking effects, with particular consideration being given to the state mixing of the $\pi^0$, $\eta$ and $\eta^\prime$. We also detail extensions to the non-perturbative RI$^\prime$-MOM renormalization scheme for application to non-degenerate flavour-neutral operators which are permitted to mix, and present initial results. Using flavour-breaking expansions in terms of quark masses and charges we reach decay constant determinations at physical quark masses for all but the $\eta^\prime$, demonstrating in principle how precision determinations of all pseudoscalar decay constants could be reached in lattice QCD with QED and strong isospin-breaking.
Simulations of High-Velocity Clouds. I. Hydrodynamics and High-Velocity High Ions
Creators: name: Kwak, Kyujin
name: Henley, David B.
name: Shelton, Robin L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present hydrodynamic simulations of high-velocity clouds (HVCs) traveling through the hot, tenuous medium in the Galactic halo. A suite of models was created using the FLASH hydrodynamics code, sampling various cloud sizes, densities, and velocities. In all cases, the cloud-halo interaction ablates material from the clouds. The ablated material falls behind the clouds, where it mixes with the ambient medium to produce intermediate-temperature gas, some of which radiatively cools to less than 10,000 K. Using a non-equilibrium ionization (NEI) algorithm, we track the ionization levels of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in the gas throughout the simulation period. We present observation-related predictions, including the expected H I and high ion (C IV, N V, and O VI) column densities on sight lines through the clouds as functions of evolutionary time and off-center distance. The predicted column densities overlap those observed for Complex C. The observations are best matched by clouds that have interacted with the Galactic environment for tens to hundreds of megayears. Given the large distances across which the clouds would travel during such time, our results are consistent with Complex C having an extragalactic origin. The destruction of HVCs is also of interest; the smallest cloud (initial mass \approx 120 Msun) lost most of its mass during the simulation period (60 Myr), while the largest cloud (initial mass \approx 4e5 Msun) remained largely intact, although deformed, during its simulation period (240 Myr).
description: 20 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
A gauge choice for parton showers
Creators: name: Nagy, Zoltan
name: Soper, Davison E.
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: parton, showers
quantum chromodynamics
splitting function
higher-order
infrared
Feynman gauge
Coulomb gauge

description: We explore the features of interpolating gauge for QCD. This gauge, defined by Doust and by Baulieu and Zwanziger, interpolates between Feynman gauge or Lorenz gauge and Coulomb gauge. We argue that it could be useful for defining the splitting functions for a parton shower beyond order $\alpha_s$ or for defining the infrared subtraction terms for higher order perturbative calculations.
Additional file 1 of A simple method to evaluate the air-to-ground coupling efficiency: a tool helping the assessment of seismic/infrasonic energy partitioning during an eruption
Creators: name: Ichihara, Mie
name: Yamakawa, Kazuya
name: Muramatsu, Dan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Evaluation of the wind noise effect.
Measurement of dynamic Stark polarizabilities by analyzing spectral lineshapes of forbidden transitions
Creators: name: Dounas-Frazer, D. R.
name: Tsigutkin, K.
name: Family, A.
name: Budker, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a measurement of the dynamic scalar and tensor polarizabilities of the excited state 3D1 in atomic ytterbium. The polarizabilities were measured by analyzing the spectral lineshape of the 408-nm 1S0->3D1 transition driven by a standing wave of resonant light in the presence of static electric and magnetic fields. Due to the interaction of atoms with the standing wave, the lineshape has a characteristic polarizability-dependent distortion. A theoretical model was used to simulate the lineshape and determine a combination of the polarizabilities of the ground and excited states by fitting the model to experimental data. This combination was measured with a 13% uncertainty, only 3% of which is due to uncertainty in the simulation and fitting procedure. The scalar and tensor polarizabilities of the state 3D1 were measured for the first time by comparing two different combinations of polarizabilities. We show that this technique can be applied to similar atomic systems.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, submitted to PRA
Communication skills development after a drama program for children with social-pragmatic communication difficulties
Creators: name: Meriano, Olivia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: The current study set out to describe a drama-based group intervention (InterAct) for children with social (pragmatic) communication difficulties and examine the outcomes, with a particular focus on methodologies suitable to measuring potential change. Those with difficulties in this area may have limitations in the skills that are important for achieving successful interactions with others. As a result, they are likely to struggle to develop and maintain meaningful relationships and are at a higher risk of being socially isolated or depressed. InterAct was conducted over 10 weeks and utilized scripting, storytelling and improvisation. The over- arching goals of the program were for the children to develop: (1) more effective social behaviour and interaction; (2) greater socio-emotional awareness of themselves and others, including skills in modulation of their own communication; and (3) more confidence in their communication abilities. Participants were between the ages of 6 and 9 years and had a range of conditions affecting social communication: autism spectrum disorder (ASD), complex developmental behaviour disorder, social anxiety and/or more global developmental delays (n=6). Because there is no consensus on how to evaluate social (pragmatic) communication, outcomes were assessed using a range of standardized tests and non-standard measures of social cognition and behaviour, including communication samples, a false-belief task, Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS: Kiresuk & Sherman, 1968), a parent-report questionnaire and participant interviews. Results suggest that some participants in the InterAct program showed gains in inferencing, flexible thinking and emotional embodiment, including improvement on a false- belief task. No change was observed for recognition of non-social emotions due to pre-program ceiling effects. Parents and participants indicated satisfaction with the program. Participant feedback indicated highlights in: (1) activities and games; (2) forming meaningful relationships; and (3) self-assurance. Additionally, gains were made in observed social communication, as measured by Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS). Overall, the findings show promising results for use of drama as a form of speech-language therapy for children with social skill deficits. This study discussed methodological considerations for future studies, including the potential for GAS to capture progress in social communication.
Cavitation in holographic sQGP
Creators: name: Klimek, Aleksandra
name: Leblond, Louis
name: Sinha, Aninda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility of cavitation in the nonconformal N=2^* SU(N) theory which is a mass deformation of N=4 SU(N) Yang-Mills theory. The second order transport coefficients are known from the numerical work using AdS/CFT by Buchel and collaborators. Using these and the approach of Rajagopal and Tripuraneni, we investigate the flow equations in a 1+1 dimensional boost invariant set up. We find that the string theory model does not exhibit cavitation before phase transition is reached. We give a semi-analytic explanation of this finding.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, v2: minor changes
Observation of anisotropic effect of antiferromagnetic ordering on the superconducting gap in ErNi2B2C
Creators: name: Bobrov, N. L.
name: Chernobay, V. N.
name: Naidyuk, Yu. G.
name: Tyutrina, L. V.
name: Yanson, I. K.
name: Naugle, D. G.
name: Rathnayaka, K. D. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The point-contact (PC) spectra of the Andreev reflection dV/dI curves of the superconducting rare-earth nickel borocarbide ErNi2B2C (Tc=11 K) have been analyzed in the "one-gap" and "two-gap" approximations using the generalized Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk (GBTK) model and the Beloborod'ko (BB) model allowing for the pair-breaking effect of magnetic impurities. Experimental and calculated curves have been compared not only in shape, but in magnitude as well, which provide more reliable data for determining the temperature dependence of the energy gap (or superconducting order parameter) Δ(T). The anisotropic effect of antiferromagnetic ordering at T_N =6 K on the superconducting gap/order parameter has been determined: as the temperature is lowered, Δ(T) decreases by 25% in the c-direction and only by 4% in the ab-plane. It is found that the pair-breaking parameter increases in the vicinity of the magnetic transitions, the increase being more pronounced in the c-direction. The efficiency of the models was tested for providing Δ(T) data for ErNi2B2C from Andreev reflection spectra.
description: 16 two column pages, 20 figs., will be published in Fiz. Nizk. Temp. N10, 2010; V2: added - "Acknowledgement" & "Note added in proof"
Understanding local adaptation and effective population size in the face of complex demographic history
Creators: name: Gilbert, Kimberly Julie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Evolution is driven by four major processes that create, maintain, or eliminate genetic diversity within and among populations: mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection. My thesis examines the role of demographic history and its interactions with each of these processes in impacting the evolution of populations. Demographic history can cause various states of non-equilibria in populations creating the potential to mis-inform important evolutionary inferences. Such inferences may be key for making conservation decisions in applied biology. Chapter 2 investigates methods for estimating effective population sizes under the assumption-violating scenario of migration among populations. Effective population size is proportional to the amount of genetic drift a population experiences, yet gene flow can affect measures of drift and thus estimates of population size. Using simulated data to understand the impact of migration on estimation accuracy, I find that two existing estimation methods function best. I next present two studies on species range expansions and the roles of migration, mutation, selection, and drift on expansion dynamics. Range expansion is a common demographic history in many species and can lead to non-equilibrium genetic scenarios. The first of these studies shows the interaction of deleterious mutation accumulation and local adaptation to environmental gradients during range expansions (Chapter 3). The interplay of expansion load, mutation load, and migration load lead to different levels of local adaptation in expanding populations. Chapter 4 examines the ability of species to expand over patches of environmental optima under different genetic architecture regimes. Expansion is enhanced by certain genetic architectures, and each of these interacts with the size of patches on the landscape as well as how strongly selection varies across patches. My final study assesses the reproducibility of analyses using the common stochastic algorithm structure (Chapter 5). This research finds 30% failure of reproducibility for results from structure using published datasets and elucidates the reasons for failure of reproducibility. In sum, my thesis contributes to our understanding of how gene flow, population size, heterogeneous selection, and mutation interact to impact the genetics of populations and thus the fate of evolving biodiversity.
Thermodynamic properties of tunneling quasiparticles in graphene-based structures
Creators: name: Bolmatov, Dima
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermodynamic properties of quasiparticles in a graphene-based structures are investigated. Two graphene superconducting layers (one superconducting component is placed on the top layeredgraphene structure and the other component in the bottom) separated by oxide dielectric layers and one normal graphene layer in the middle. The quasiparticle flow emerged due to external gate voltage, we considered it as a gas of electron-hole pairs whose components belong to different layers. This is a striking result in view of the complexity of these systems: we have established that specific heat exhibits universal (-T3) behaviour at low T, independent from the gate voltage and the superconducting gap. The experimental observation of this theoretical prediction would be an important step towards our understanding of critical massless matter.
description: 4 pages, 3 pictures
Deep Generation Techniques in Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems
Creators: name: Shu, Lei
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Building a task-oriented dialogue system like a restaurant booking is meaningful since it can largely reduce the working load of human and serve multiple users at the same time. A task-oriented dialogue system is often composed of a few modules, such as natural language understanding, dialogue state tracking, knowledgebase (KB) query, dialogue policy engine and response generation. Language understanding aims to convert the input to some predefined semantic frame. State tracking models explicitly the input semantic frame and the dialogue history for producing KB queries. Dialogue policy model decides on the system action which is then realized by a natural language generation component. The natural language generation component, particularly style-variation text generation, aims to map the meaning representations (MRs) and style (such as personality), we call them together as themes, to one or more corresponding natural language (NL) texts. A novel Focal-Variation Network (FVN) that learns latent distributions that closely follow the given themes are proposed for diverse text generation. Besides the language generation module, the other modules can also adopt the deep generation technique to achieve better performance: (1) multi-act generation in the policy engine module, (2) a flexible-structured end-to-end dialogue system based on a two-stage-decoder network. A future work that extends multiple-act to the natural language will also be discussed.