cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Multifaceted Simulator Based on Intelligent System Logic Design
Creators: name: Isiaka, Fatima
Publisher: name: Microwave Journal of Current Research
Year: 2024

description: The system is a multi-operational logic unit with multiple access that includes differential equation and integrator controls, a user-friendly liable tool with combination of logic functions and controls using a 3D design module. It is capable of performing a set of arithmetic operations and a set of logical operations. The arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) is used as default and has been developed by a sequence of operations that activates a successful ALU design that follows (3) main modules (1) initialise study of existing ALU design and implementation (2) analyse and design for the proposed intelligent system (3) implementation of a desirable design of ALU as a default sample.
PBW parametrizations and generalized preprojective algebras
Creators: name: Murakami, Kota
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B37, 16T20 (Primary) 16S90 (Secondary)

description: Geiß-Leclerc-Schröer [Invent. Math. 209 (2017)] has introduced a notion of generalized preprojective algebra associated with a generalized Cartan matrix and its symmetrizer. This class of algebra realizes a crystal structure on the set of maximal dimensional irreducible components of the nilpotent variety [Selecta Math. (N.S.) 24 (2018)]. For general finite types, we give stratifications of these components via partial orders of torsion classes in module categories of generalized preprojective algebras in terms of Weyl groups. In addition, we realize Mirković-Vilonen polytopes from generic modules of these components, and give an identification as crystals between the set of Mirković-Vilonen polytopes and the set of maximal dimensional irreducible components. This generalizes results of Baumann-Kamnitzer [Represent. Theory 16 (2012)] and Baumann-Kamnitzer-Tingley [Publ. Math. Inst. Hautes Études Sci. 120 (2014)].
description: 62 pages, v3: minor corrections, added explanations, updated references
Relaxin Family Peptide Receptor 4 (RXFP4) and its Ligand Insulin-like Peptide 5 (INSL5): Signalling Pathways and Physiological Roles
Creators: name: SHENG YU ANG
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Pharmacology

description: RXFP4 is recognised as the cognate G protein-coupled receptor for INSL5 although little is known about its signal transduction pathways and biological roles. This thesis investigates the signalling pathways activated by RXFP4 in a recombinant cell culture system and also identifies tissues and cell lines that endogenously express RXFP4, with subsequent evaluation of its endogenous signalling profile and possible physiological roles.
THE IMPLICATIONS OF A BIBLICALLY PRINCIPLED SEMINAR ON INTERPERSONAL SKILLS Revised (3).pdf
Creators: name: Wills, Winfred
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: In this study, the problem examined was that several Christians were dissatisfied with their interpersonal skills. Thus, they were looking for a way to overcome this dissatisfaction within their lives. Several reasons cited included looking to communicate more easily with others and seeking to improve relationships that were already established, and looking to experience greater levels of success in the workplace and in life. Thus, the study used several guiding questions. 1.) What interpersonal skills are these people looking to improve? 2.) What are the reasons for these skill deficits? 3.) How useful is a seminar on interpersonal skills from the biblical perspective for this group? When the interviews were completed, several themes were apparent regarding the thought processes of the participants. These themes included that people who experienced social deficits reported traumatic experiences in early childhood if the reason was anxiety whereas people who experienced social deficits related to a deficit in knowledge reported excessive dependence on parents throughout early life. Also, among those who reported traumatic experiences in early childhood all displayed signs of distress when confronted with a situation that was a reminder of the trauma. Furthermore, all who reported social deficits demonstrated on some level difficulty in appropriately relating to others. Additionally, all people in this study were high achievers in grade school. Several conclusions were drawn in this study about the effectiveness of the Ambiguous Therapeutic Seminar Approach (ATSA.) Firstly, the study concluded that people who are aware of difficulties that they experience very likely are willing and wanting to receive help. The study also concluded that an enlightening experience is definitely important in applying ATSA. Another conclusion drawn in regards to the effectiveness of the ATSA is that when we realize we are not alone healing becomes easier. The final conclusion drawn from this study is that as Christians, taking simply one step will open the door for God to complete the work.
Additional file 4 of Effect of nicastrin on hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and apoptosis through PI3K/AKT signalling pathway modulation
Creators: name: Wang, Xicheng
name: Wang, Xining
name: Xu, Yunxiuxiu
name: Yan, Maolin
name: Li, Wenxin
name: Chen, Jie
name: Chen, Tao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 4: Table S3. Gene sets enriched in phenotype high.
Role of Mentorship, Career Conceptualization, and Leadership in Developing Women's Physics Identity and Belonging
Creators: name: Rosenberg, Jessica L.
name: Holincheck, Nancy
name: Fernández, Kathryn
name: Dreyfus, Benjamin W.
name: Wardere, Fardousa
name: Stehle, Stephanie
name: Butler, Tiffany N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The percentage of women receiving bachelors degrees in physics in the U.S. lags well behind that of men, and women leave the major at higher rates. Achieving equity in physics will mean that women stay in physics at the same rates as men, but this will require changes in the culture and support structures. A strong sense of belonging can lead to higher retention rates so interventions meant to increase dimensions of physics identity (interest, recognition, performance, and competence) may increase persistence overall and increase women's retention differentially. We describe our model in which mentorship, an understanding of career options (career conceptualization), and leadership are inputs into the development of these dimensions of physics identity. This paper includes preliminary results from a qualitative study that aims to better understand how career conceptualization, leadership, and mentorship contribute to the development of physics identity and belonging. We report results from a survey of 15 undergraduate physics students which was followed up by interviews with 5 of those students. The students were from a small private liberal arts college in the midwest region of the U.S. and a large public university in the southeast region of the U.S. classified as a Hispanic-serving institution (HSI). With respect to mentorship, we found that it could provide critical support for students' engagement in the physics community. Leadership experiences have not previously been positioned as an important input into identity, yet we found that they helped women in physics feel more confident, contributing to their recognition of themselves as physics people. While the data on how career conceptualization contributed to the building of identity is limited, there are some connections to recognition and competence, and it will be an interesting avenue of future exploration.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure, Physical Review Physics Education Research, in press
Interpretable Survival Prediction for Colorectal Cancer using Deep Learning
Creators: name: Wulczyn, Ellery
name: Steiner, David F.
name: Moran, Melissa
name: Plass, Markus
name: Reihs, Robert
name: Tan, Fraser
name: Flament-Auvigne, Isabelle
name: Brown, Trissia
name: Regitnig, Peter
name: Chen, Po-Hsuan Cameron
name: Hegde, Narayan
name: Sadhwani, Apaar
name: MacDonald, Robert
name: Ayalew, Benny
name: Corrado, Greg S.
name: Peng, Lily H.
name: Tse, Daniel
name: Müller, Heimo
name: Xu, Zhaoyang
name: Liu, Yun
name: Stumpe, Martin C.
name: Zatloukal, Kurt
name: Mermel, Craig H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deriving interpretable prognostic features from deep-learning-based prognostic histopathology models remains a challenge. In this study, we developed a deep learning system (DLS) for predicting disease specific survival for stage II and III colorectal cancer using 3,652 cases (27,300 slides). When evaluated on two validation datasets containing 1,239 cases (9,340 slides) and 738 cases (7,140 slides) respectively, the DLS achieved a 5-year disease-specific survival AUC of 0.70 (95%CI 0.66-0.73) and 0.69 (95%CI 0.64-0.72), and added significant predictive value to a set of 9 clinicopathologic features. To interpret the DLS, we explored the ability of different human-interpretable features to explain the variance in DLS scores. We observed that clinicopathologic features such as T-category, N-category, and grade explained a small fraction of the variance in DLS scores (R2=18% in both validation sets). Next, we generated human-interpretable histologic features by clustering embeddings from a deep-learning based image-similarity model and showed that they explain the majority of the variance (R2 of 73% to 80%). Furthermore, the clustering-derived feature most strongly associated with high DLS scores was also highly prognostic in isolation. With a distinct visual appearance (poorly differentiated tumor cell clusters adjacent to adipose tissue), this feature was identified by annotators with 87.0-95.5% accuracy. Our approach can be used to explain predictions from a prognostic deep learning model and uncover potentially-novel prognostic features that can be reliably identified by people for future validation studies.
Additional file 1 of Effect of nicastrin on hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and apoptosis through PI3K/AKT signalling pathway modulation
Creators: name: Wang, Xicheng
name: Wang, Xining
name: Xu, Yunxiuxiu
name: Yan, Maolin
name: Li, Wenxin
name: Chen, Jie
name: Chen, Tao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S2. Correlation between NCSTN expression and clinicopathological characteristics of 60 HCC patients in our center.
TCoA-IIIA Turkish 2010 Vardar.pdf
Creators: name: Brown, Gavin
Publisher: name: The University of Auckland
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 130303 Education Assessment and Evaluation
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 130313 Teacher Education and Professional Development of Educators

description: This is a Turkish translation created by Emine Vardar in 2010 of the Teacher Conceptions of Assessment inventory (Version III Abridged). The source is Vardar, E. (2010). Sixth, seventh and eighth grade teachers’ conception of assessment. (unpublished masters thesis), Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
Spreading of Correlations and Entanglement in the Long-Range Transverse Ising Chain
Creators: name: Schneider, J. T.
name: Despres, J.
name: Thomson, S. J.
name: Tagliacozzo, L.
name: Sanchez-Palencia, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Whether long-range interactions allow for a form of causality in non-relativistic quantum models remains an open question with far-reaching implications for the propagation of information and thermalization processes. Here, we study the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the one-dimensional transverse Ising model with algebraic long-range exchange coupling. Using a state of the art tensor-network approach, complemented by analytic calculations and considering various observables, we show that a weak form of causality emerges, characterized by non-universal dynamical exponents. While the local spin and spin correlation causal edges are sub-ballistic, the causal region has a rich internal structure, which, depending on the observable, displays ballistic or super-ballistic features. In contrast, the causal region of entanglement entropy is featureless and its edge is always ballistic, irrespective of the interaction range. Our results shed light on the propagation of information in long-range interacting lattice models and pave the way to future experiments, which are discussed.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, and supplemental material
Additional file 1 of Oncogenic and drug-sensitive RET mutations in human epithelial ovarian cancer
Creators: name: Guan, Luyao
name: Li, Zhang
name: Xie, Feifei
name: Pang, Yuzhi
name: Zhang, Chenyun
name: Tang, Haosha
name: Zhang, Hao
name: Chen, Chun
name: Zhan, Yaying
name: Zhao, Ting
name: Jiang, Hongyuan
name: Jia, Xiaona
name: Wang, Yuexiang
name: Lu, Yuan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. PTKs-encoding genes. Supplementary Figure 2. Endogenous RET expression in human ovarian cancer cells. (A) The RNA-seq data from epithelial ovary carcinoma patients from the TCGA program (TCGA Pan Can Atlas study: n = 585; TCGA Provisional study; n = 606) were retrieved and analyzed. Endogenous RET is expressed in epithelial ovary carcinoma at RNA level. (B) Lysates from two epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOV3 and OVK18, were analyzed by western blot with anti-RET antibody and GAPDH antibody. The pancreatic ductal epithelia cell line MiaPaCa-2 and NIH3T3 cell line were positive and negative controls, respectively. Supplementary Figure 3. A641T mutant does not activate RET kinase. (A) NIH3T3 cells were transduced stably with EV, RET WT or mutants (A641T and C634R). The lysates were analyzed by western blotting with anti-phospho RET (Y905) and anti-RET antibodies. (B) Bar graphs demonstrated the quantification of western blotting bands in sFigure 3A, normalized to WT control. (C) A641T mutant is not able to increase the cell viability of NIH3T3 cells. NIH3T3 cells stably expressing EV, RET WT, A641T, and C634R (positive control) were cultured on 96-well plates and the viability was measured by CTG assay at day 2.
Detecting hidden signs of diabetes in external eye photographs
Creators: name: Babenko, Boris
name: Mitani, Akinori
name: Traynis, Ilana
name: Kitade, Naho
name: Singh, Preeti
name: Maa, April
name: Cuadros, Jorge
name: Corrado, Greg S.
name: Peng, Lily
name: Webster, Dale R.
name: Varadarajan, Avinash
name: Hammel, Naama
name: Liu, Yun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Diabetes-related retinal conditions can be detected by examining the posterior of the eye. By contrast, examining the anterior of the eye can reveal conditions affecting the front of the eye, such as changes to the eyelids, cornea, or crystalline lens. In this work, we studied whether external photographs of the front of the eye can reveal insights into both diabetic retinal diseases and blood glucose control. We developed a deep learning system (DLS) using external eye photographs of 145,832 patients with diabetes from 301 diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening sites in one US state, and evaluated the DLS on three validation sets containing images from 198 sites in 18 other US states. In validation set A (n=27,415 patients, all undilated), the DLS detected poor blood glucose control (HbA1c > 9%) with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 70.2; moderate-or-worse DR with an AUC of 75.3; diabetic macular edema with an AUC of 78.0; and vision-threatening DR with an AUC of 79.4. For all 4 prediction tasks, the DLS's AUC was higher (p<0.001) than using available self-reported baseline characteristics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, years with diabetes). In terms of positive predictive value, the predicted top 5% of patients had a 67% chance of having HbA1c > 9%, and a 20% chance of having vision threatening diabetic retinopathy. The results generalized to dilated pupils (validation set B, 5,058 patients) and to a different screening service (validation set C, 10,402 patients). Our results indicate that external eye photographs contain information useful for healthcare providers managing patients with diabetes, and may help prioritize patients for in-person screening. Further work is needed to validate these findings on different devices and patient populations (those without diabetes) to evaluate its utility for remote diagnosis and management.
Recent Breakthrough in AI-Driven Materials Science: Tech Giants Introduce Groundbreaking Models
Creators: name: Liu, Miao
name: Meng, Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A close look of Google's GNoME inorganic materials dataset [Nature 624, 80 (2023)], and 11 things you would like to know.
Experiences of physiotherapists promoting non-treatment physical activity
Creators: name: Kunstler, Breanne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 110317 Physiotherapy
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: This presentation was given at the APA Momentum conference in 2017. It describes findings from a qualitative study identifying the experiences of physiotherapists' promoting non-treatment physical activity
Computing bounds for imprecise continuous-time Markov chains using normal cones
Creators: name: Škulj, Damjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The theory of imprecise Markov chains has achieved significant progress in recent years. Its applicability, however, is still very much limited, due in large part to the lack of efficient computational methods for calculating higher-dimensional models. The high computational complexity shows itself especially in the calculation of the imprecise version of the Kolmogorov backward equation. The equation is represented at every point of an interval in the form of a minimization problem, solvable merely with linear programming techniques. Consequently, finding an exact solution on an entire interval is infeasible, whence approximation approaches have been developed. To achieve sufficient accuracy, in general, the linear programming optimization methods need to be used in a large number of time points. The principal goal of this paper is to provide a new, more efficient approach for solving the imprecise Kolmogorov backward equation. It is based on the Lipschitz continuity of the solutions of the equation with respect to time, causing the linear programming problems appearing in proximate points of the time interval to have similar optimal solutions. This property is exploited by utilizing the theory of normal cones of convex sets. The present article is primarily devoted to providing the theoretical basis for the novel technique, yet, the initial testing shows that in most cases it decisively outperforms the existing methods.
description: 32 pages; The paper was presented at the UQOP 2020 conference (http://utopiae.eu/uqop-2020/)
NOMAD CAMELS: Configurable Application for Measurements, Experiments and Laboratory Systems
Creators: name: Fuchs, Alexander D.
name: Lehmeyer, Johannes A. F.
name: Junkes, Heinz
name: Weber, Heiko B.
name: Krieger, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NOMAD CAMELS (short: CAMELS) is a configurable, open-source measurement software that records fully self-describing experimental data. It has its origins in the field of experimental physics where a wide variety of measurement instruments are used in frequently changing experimental setups and measurement protocols. CAMELS provides a graphical user interface (GUI) which allows the user to configure experiments without the need of programming skills or deep understanding of instrument communication. CAMELS translates user-defined measurement protocols into stand-alone executable Python code for full transparency of the actual measurement sequences. Existing large-scale, distributed control systems using e.g. EPICS can be natively implemented. CAMELS is designed with focus on full recording of data and metadata. When shared with others, data produced with CAMELS allow full understanding of the measurement and the resulting data in accordance with the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Re-usable) principles.
Predicting Prostate Cancer-Specific Mortality with A.I.-based Gleason Grading
Creators: name: Wulczyn, Ellery
name: Nagpal, Kunal
name: Symonds, Matthew
name: Moran, Melissa
name: Plass, Markus
name: Reihs, Robert
name: Nader, Farah
name: Tan, Fraser
name: Cai, Yuannan
name: Brown, Trissia
name: Flament-Auvigne, Isabelle
name: Amin, Mahul B.
name: Stumpe, Martin C.
name: Muller, Heimo
name: Regitnig, Peter
name: Holzinger, Andreas
name: Corrado, Greg S.
name: Peng, Lily H.
name: Chen, Po-Hsuan Cameron
name: Steiner, David F.
name: Zatloukal, Kurt
name: Liu, Yun
name: Mermel, Craig H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Gleason grading of prostate cancer is an important prognostic factor but suffers from poor reproducibility, particularly among non-subspecialist pathologists. Although artificial intelligence (A.I.) tools have demonstrated Gleason grading on-par with expert pathologists, it remains an open question whether A.I. grading translates to better prognostication. In this study, we developed a system to predict prostate-cancer specific mortality via A.I.-based Gleason grading and subsequently evaluated its ability to risk-stratify patients on an independent retrospective cohort of 2,807 prostatectomy cases from a single European center with 5-25 years of follow-up (median: 13, interquartile range 9-17). The A.I.'s risk scores produced a C-index of 0.84 (95%CI 0.80-0.87) for prostate cancer-specific mortality. Upon discretizing these risk scores into risk groups analogous to pathologist Grade Groups (GG), the A.I. had a C-index of 0.82 (95%CI 0.78-0.85). On the subset of cases with a GG in the original pathology report (n=1,517), the A.I.'s C-indices were 0.87 and 0.85 for continuous and discrete grading, respectively, compared to 0.79 (95%CI 0.71-0.86) for GG obtained from the reports. These represent improvements of 0.08 (95%CI 0.01-0.15) and 0.07 (95%CI 0.00-0.14) respectively. Our results suggest that A.I.-based Gleason grading can lead to effective risk-stratification and warrants further evaluation for improving disease management.
Effective temperatures of red supergiants estimated from line-depth ratios of iron lines in the YJ bands, 0.97--1.32 micron
Creators: name: Taniguchi, Daisuke
name: Matsunaga, Noriyuki
name: Jian, Mingjie
name: Kobayashi, Naoto
name: Fukue, Kei
name: Hamano, Satoshi
name: Ikeda, Yuji
name: Kawakita, Hideyo
name: Kondo, Sohei
name: Otsubo, Shogo
name: Sameshima, Hiroaki
name: Takenaka, Keiichi
name: Yasui, Chikako
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Determining the effective temperatures (Teff) of red supergiants (RSGs) observationally is important in many fields of stellar physics and galactic astronomy, yet some significant difficulties remain due to model uncertainty originating majorly in the extended atmosphere of RSGs. Here we propose the line-depth ratio (LDR) method in which we use only Fe I lines. As opposed to the conventional LDR method with lines of multiple species involved, the LDR of this kind is insensitive to the surface gravity effects and expected to circumvent the uncertainty originating in the upper atmosphere of RSGs. Therefore, the LDR--Teff relations that we calibrated empirically with red giants may be directly applied to RSGs, though various differences, e.g., caused by the three-dimensional non-LTE effects, between the two groups of objects need to be kept in mind. Using the near-infrared YJ-band spectra of nine well-known solar-metal red giants observed with the WINERED high-resolution spectrograph, we selected 12 pairs of Fe I lines least contaminated with other lines. Applying their LDR--Teff relations to ten nearby RSGs, the resultant Teff with the internal precision of 30--70 K shows good agreement with previous observational results assuming one-dimensional LTE and with Geneva's stellar evolution model. We found no evidence of significant systematic bias caused by various differences, including those in the size of the non-LTE effects, between red giants and RSGs except for one line pair which we rejected because the non-LTE effects may be as large as ~250 K. Nevertheless, it is difficult to evaluate the systematic bias, and further study is required, e.g., with including the three-dimensional non-LTE calculations of all the lines involved.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures, 9 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Connecting ansatz expressibility to gradient magnitudes and barren plateaus
Creators: name: Holmes, Zoë
name: Sharma, Kunal
name: Cerezo, M.
name: Coles, Patrick J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Parameterized quantum circuits serve as ansätze for solving variational problems and provide a flexible paradigm for programming near-term quantum computers. Ideally, such ansätze should be highly expressive so that a close approximation of the desired solution can be accessed. On the other hand, the ansatz must also have sufficiently large gradients to allow for training. Here, we derive a fundamental relationship between these two essential properties: expressibility and trainability. This is done by extending the well established barren plateau phenomenon, which holds for ansätze that form exact 2-designs, to arbitrary ansätze. Specifically, we calculate the variance in the cost gradient in terms of the expressibility of the ansatz, as measured by its distance from being a 2-design. Our resulting bounds indicate that highly expressive ansätze exhibit flatter cost landscapes and therefore will be harder to train. Furthermore, we provide numerics illustrating the effect of expressiblity on gradient scalings, and we discuss the implications for designing strategies to avoid barren plateaus.
description: Main text: 10 pages, 4 figures. Appendices: 10 pages, 2 figures
Conservative, density-based smoothed particle hydrodynamics with improved partition of the unity and better estimation of gradients
Creators: name: García-Senz, Domingo
name: Cabezón, Rubén M.
name: Escartín, José A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The correct evaluation of gradients is at the cornerstone of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) technique. Using an integral approach to estimate gradients has proven to enhance accuracy substantially. Such approach retains the Lagrangian structure of SPH equations and is fully conservative. But, in practice, it is difficult to make the Lagrangian formulation totally consistent to an exact partition of the unity. In this paper we study, among other things, the connection between the choice of the volume elements (VEs), which enters in the SPH summations, and the accuracy in the gradient estimation within the integral approach scheme (ISPH). A new variant of VEs are proposed which improve the partition of the unity and is fully compatible with the Lagrangian formulation of SPH, including the grad-h corrections. Using analytic considerations, simple static toy models in 1D, and a few full 3D test cases, we show that any improvement in the partition of the unity also leads to a better calculation of gradients when the integral approach is used jointly. Additionally, we propose an easy-to-implement modification of the ISPH scheme, which makes it more flexible and better suited to handle sharp density contrasts. The ISPH code built with the proposed scheme has been validated with a good number of standard tests, some of them involving contact discontinuities. The performance of the code was excellent in all of them, showing that an improvement in the partition of the unity is not detrimental of the good conservation of energy, momentum, and entropy typical of Lagrangian schemes.
description: 20 pages, 20 figures, published in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Symmetry-resolved dynamical purification in synthetic quantum matter
Creators: name: Vitale, Vittorio
name: Elben, Andreas
name: Kueng, Richard
name: Neven, Antoine
name: Carrasco, Jose
name: Kraus, Barbara
name: Zoller, Peter
name: Calabrese, Pasquale
name: Vermersch, Benoit
name: Dalmonte, Marcello
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a quantum system initialized in a product state is subjected to either coherent or incoherent dynamics, the entropy of any of its connected partitions generically increases as a function of time, signalling the inevitable spreading of (quantum) information throughout the system. Here, we show that, in the presence of continuous symmetries and under ubiquitous experimental conditions, symmetry-resolved information spreading is inhibited due to the competition of coherent and incoherent dynamics: in given quantum number sectors, entropy decreases as a function of time, signalling dynamical purification. Such dynamical purification bridges between two distinct short and intermediate time regimes, characterized by a log-volume and log-area entropy law, respectively. It is generic to symmetric quantum evolution, and as such occurs for different partition geometry and topology, and classes of (local) Liouville dynamics. We then develop a protocol to measure symmetry-resolved entropies and negativities in synthetic quantum systems based on the random unitary toolbox, and demonstrate the generality of dynamical purification using experimental data from trapped ion experiments [Brydges et al., Science 364, 260 (2019)]. Our work shows that symmetry plays a key role as a magnifying glass to characterize many-body dynamics in open quantum systems, and, in particular, in noisy-intermediate scale quantum devices.
description: 41 pages, 11 figures
TCLR: Temporal Contrastive Learning for Video Representation
Creators: name: Dave, Ishan
name: Gupta, Rohit
name: Rizve, Mamshad Nayeem
name: Shah, Mubarak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Contrastive learning has nearly closed the gap between supervised and self-supervised learning of image representations, and has also been explored for videos. However, prior work on contrastive learning for video data has not explored the effect of explicitly encouraging the features to be distinct across the temporal dimension. We develop a new temporal contrastive learning framework consisting of two novel losses to improve upon existing contrastive self-supervised video representation learning methods. The local-local temporal contrastive loss adds the task of discriminating between non-overlapping clips from the same video, whereas the global-local temporal contrastive aims to discriminate between timesteps of the feature map of an input clip in order to increase the temporal diversity of the learned features. Our proposed temporal contrastive learning framework achieves significant improvement over the state-of-the-art results in various downstream video understanding tasks such as action recognition, limited-label action classification, and nearest-neighbor video retrieval on multiple video datasets and backbones. We also demonstrate significant improvement in fine-grained action classification for visually similar classes. With the commonly used 3D ResNet-18 architecture with UCF101 pretraining, we achieve 82.4\% (+5.1\% increase over the previous best) top-1 accuracy on UCF101 and 52.9\% (+5.4\% increase) on HMDB51 action classification, and 56.2\% (+11.7\% increase) Top-1 Recall on UCF101 nearest neighbor video retrieval. Code released at github.com/DAVEISHAN/TCLR.
description: Accepted to Computer Vision and Image Understanding (CVIU) Journal
Photon-photon interactions in Rydberg-atom arrays
Creators: name: Zhang, Lida
name: Walther, Valentin
name: Mølmer, Klaus
name: Pohl, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the interaction of weak light fields with two-dimensional lattices of atoms, in which two-photon coupling establishes conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency and excites high lying atomic Rydberg states. This system features different interactions that act on disparate length scales, from zero-range defect scattering of atomic excitations and finite-range dipole exchange interactions to long-range Rydberg-state interactions that span the entire array. Analyzing their interplay, we identify conditions that yield a nonlinear quantum mirror which coherently splits incident fields into correlated photon-pairs in a single transverse mode, while transmitting single photons unaffected. Such strong photon-photon interactions in the absence of otherwise detrimental photon losses in Rydberg-EIT arrays opens up a promising approach for the generation and manipulation of quantum light, and the exploration of many-body phenomena with interacting photons.
Implication of Size-Controlled Graphite Nanosheets as Building Blocks for Thermal Conductive Three-Dimensional Framework Architecture of Nanocarbons
Creators: name: Shin, Keun-Young
name: Jin, Sung Gook
name: Sung, Bong June
name: Lee, Sang-Soo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Science Policy

description: Preparation of three-dimensional (3D) networks has received significant attention as an effective approach for applications involving transport phenomena, such as thermal management materials, and several nanomaterials have been examined as potential building blocks of 3D networks for the improvement of heat conduction in polymer nanocomposites. For that purpose, nanocarbons such as graphene and graphite nanoplatelets have been spotlighted as suitable filler materials because of their excellent thermal conductivities (ca. 102–103 W·(m·K)−1 along their lateral axes) and morphological merits. However, the implications of morphological features such as the lateral length and thickness of graphene or graphene-like materials have not yet been identified. In this study, a controlled dissociation of bulk graphite to graphite nanosheets (GNSs) using a low-cost, ecofriendly bead mill process was extensively examined and, when configured in a 3D framework architecture formation, the size-controlled GNSs demonstrated that the thermal conductivities of a 3D interconnected framework of GNSs and the corresponding polymer nanocomposite were intimately correlated with the size of the GNSs, thus demonstrating the successful preparation of an efficient thermal management material without highly sophisticated efforts. The capability of controlling the lateral size and thickness of the GNSs as well as the use of a 3D interconnected framework architecture should greatly assist the commercialization of high-quality graphene-based thermal management materials in a scalable production process.
Representations of involutory subalgebras of affine Kac-Moody algebras
Creators: name: Kleinschmidt, Axel
name: Köhl, Ralf
name: Lautenbacher, Robin
name: Nicolai, Hermann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the subalgebras of split real, non-twisted affine Kac-Moody Lie algebras that are fixed by the Chevalley involution. These infinite-dimensional Lie algebras are not of Kac-Moody type and admit finite-dimensional unfaithful representations. We exhibit a formulation of these algebras in terms of $\mathbb{N}$-graded Lie algebras that allows the construction of a large class of representations using the techniques of induced representations. We study how these representations relate to previously established spinor representations as they arise in the theory of supergravity.
description: 37 pages. v2: Commun. Math. Phys. version
Universal enveloping algebras of Lie-Rinehart algebras as a left adjoint functor
Creators: name: Saracco, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 16B50, 16S10, 16S30, 16W25, 18A40. Secondary: 17A30, 17B66

description: We prove how the universal enveloping algebra constructions for Lie-Rinehart algebras and anchored Lie algebras are naturally left adjoint functors. This provides a conceptual motivation for the universal properties these constructions satisfy. As a supplement, the categorical approach offers new insights into the definitions of Lie-Rinehart algebra morphisms, of modules over Lie-Rinehart algebras and of the infinitesimal gauge algebra of a module.
description: 17 pages, comments are welcome!
Archimedes' principle for ideal gas
Creators: name: Burdzy, Krzysztof
name: Małecki, Jacek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82B21, 82C21

description: We prove Archimedes' principle for a macroscopic ball in ideal gas consisting of point particles with non-zero mass. The main result is an asymptotic theorem, as the number of point particles goes to infinity and their total mass remains constant. We also show that, asymptotically, the gas has an exponential density as a function of height. We find the asymptotic inverse temperature of the gas. We derive an accurate estimate of the volume of the phase space using the local central limit theorem.
description: 33 pages, 4 figures
Signatures of superconducting triplet pairing in Ni--Ga-bilayer junctions
Creators: name: Costa, Andreas
name: Sutula, Madison
name: Lauter, Valeria
name: Song, Jia
name: Fabian, Jaroslav
name: Moodera, Jagadeesh S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ni-Ga bilayers are a versatile platform for exploring the competition between strongly antagonistic ferromagnetic and superconducting phases. We characterize the impact of this competition on the transport properties of highly-ballistic Al/Al2O3(/EuS)/Ni-Ga tunnel junctions from both experimental and theoretical points of view. While the conductance spectra of junctions comprising Ni (3 nm)-Ga (60 nm) bilayers can be well understood within the framework of earlier results, which associate the emerging main conductance maxima with the junction films' superconducting gaps, thinner Ni (1.6 nm)-Ga (30 nm) bilayers entail completely different physics, and give rise to novel large-bias (when compared to the superconducting gap of the thin Al film as a reference) conductance-peak subseries that we term conductance shoulders. These conductance shoulders might attract considerable attention also in similar magnetic superconducting bilayer junctions, as we predict them to offer an experimentally well-accessible transport signature of superconducting triplet pairings that are induced around the interface of the Ni-Ga bilayer. We further substantiate this claim performing complementary polarized neutron reflectometry measurements on the bilayers, from which we deduce (1) a nonuniform magnetization structure in Ga in a several nanometer-thick area around the Ni-Ga boundary and can simultaneously (2) satisfactorily fit the obtained data only considering the paramagnetic Meissner response scenario. While the latter provides independent experimental evidence of induced triplet superconductivity inside the Ni-Ga bilayer, the former might serve as the first experimental hint of its potential microscopic physical origin.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures, 1 table
How Many Elements Matter?
Creators: name: Ting, Yuan-Sen
name: Weinberg, David H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some studies of stars' multi-element abundance distributions suggest at least 5-7 significant dimensions, but others show that many elemental abundances can be predicted to high accuracy from [Fe/H] and [Mg/Fe] (or [Fe/H] and age) alone. We show that both propositions can be, and are, simultaneously true. We adopt a machine learning technique known as normalizing flow to reconstruct the probability distribution of Milky Way disk stars in the space of 15 elemental abundances measured by APOGEE. Conditioning on Teff and log g minimizes the differential systematics. After further conditioning on [Fe/H] and [Mg/Fe], the residual scatter for most abundances is $σ_{[X/{\rm H}]} \lesssim 0.02$ dex, consistent with APOGEE's reported statistical uncertainties of $\sim$0.01-0.015 dex and intrinsic scatter of 0.01-0.02 dex. Despite the small scatter, residual abundances display clear correlations between elements, which we show are too large to be explained by measurement uncertainties or by the finite sampling noise. We must condition on at least seven elements to reduce correlations to a level consistent with observational uncertainties. Our results demonstrate that cross-element correlations are a much more sensitive probe of hidden structure than dispersion, and they can be measured precisely in a large sample even if star-by-star measurement noise is comparable to the intrinsic scatter. We conclude that many elements have an independent story to tell, even for the "mundane" disk stars and elements produced by core-collapse and Type Ia supernovae. The only way to learn these lessons is to measure the abundances directly, and not merely infer them.
description: 36 pages, 17 figures, ApJ (Accepted for publication)
A fast algorithm for solving a three-dimensional inverse multiple frequency problems of scalar acoustics in a cylindrical region
Creators: name: Bakushinsky, Anatoly B.
name: Leonov, Alexander S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 65R20, 65R30, 65R32

description: A new algorithm for the stable solution of a three-dimensional scalar inverse problem of acoustic sounding of an inhomogeneous medium in a cylindrical region is proposed. The data of the problem is the complex amplitude of the wave field, measured outside the region of acoustic inhomogeneities in a cylindrical layer. Using the Fourier transform and Fourier series, the inverse problem is reduced to solving a set of one-dimensional Fredholm integral equations of the first kind, to the subsequent calculation of the complex amplitude of the wave field in the region of inhomogeneity, and then to finding the required sound velocity field in this region. The algorithm allows solving the inverse problem on a personal computer of average performance for sufficiently fine three-dimensional grids in tens of seconds. A numerical study of the accuracy of the proposed algorithm for solving model inverse problems at various frequencies is carried out, and the issues of stability of the algorithm with respect to data perturbations are investigated.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1911.10487