cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Probing the conformational landscape and thermochemistry of DNA dinucleotide anionsviahelium nanodroplet infrared action spectroscopy
Creators: name: Thomas, Daniel A.
name: Chang, Rayoon
name: Mucha, Eike
name: Lettow, Maike
name: Greis, Kim
name: Gewinner, Sandy
name: Schöllkopf, Wieland
name: Meijer, Gerard
name: Helden, Gert Von
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: mobility-mass spectrometry
subject: gas-phase conformations
subject: photon dissociation spectroscopy
subject: ion mobility
subject: basis-sets
subject: energy landscape
subject: unsolvated peptides
subject: cationized arginine
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Isolation of biomolecules in vacuum facilitates characterization of the intramolecular interactions that determine three-dimensional structure, but experimental quantification of conformer thermochemistry remains challenging. Infrared spectroscopy of molecules trapped in helium nanodroplets is a promising methodology for the measurement of thermochemical parameters. When molecules are captured in a helium nanodroplet, the rate of cooling to an equilibrium temperature ofca.0.4 K is generally faster than the rate of isomerization, resulting in "shock-freezing" that kinetically traps molecules in local conformational minima. This unique property enables the study of temperature-dependent conformational equilibriaviainfrared spectroscopy at 0.4 K, thereby avoiding the deleterious effects of spectral broadening at higher temperatures. Herein, we demonstrate the first application of this approach to ionic species by coupling electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) with helium nanodroplet infrared action spectroscopy to probe the structure and thermochemistry of deprotonated DNA dinucleotides. Dinucleotide anions were generated by ESI, confined in an ion trap at temperatures between 90 and 350 K, and entrained in traversing helium nanodroplets. The infrared action spectra of the entrained ions show a strong dependence on pre-pickup ion temperature, consistent with the preservation of conformer population upon cooling to 0.4 K. Non-negative matrix factorization was utilized to identify component conformer infrared spectra and determine temperature-dependent conformer populations. Relative enthalpies and entropies of conformers were subsequently obtained from a van't Hoff analysis. IR spectra and conformer thermochemistry are compared to results from ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and electronic structure methods. The implementation of ESI-MS as a source of dopant molecules expands the diversity of molecules accessible for thermochemical measurements, enabling the study of larger, non-volatile species.
title: Breaking up is Hard to Count: The Rise of Divorce and Cohabitation Instability in the United States
Creators: name: Kennedy, Sheela
name: Ruggles, Steven
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2013

description: This paper critically evaluates the available data on trends in divorce and the dissolution of cohabiting unions in the United States. We find that both vital statistics and retrospective survey data on divorce after 1990 underestimate recent marital instability. These flawed data led some analysts to conclude that divorce risk has been stable or declining for the past three decades. Using new data from the American Community Survey and controlling for changes in the composition of the married population, we conclude that there was actually a substantial increase in divorce risk between 1990 and 2008. Divorce rates have doubled over the past two decades among persons over 35. Among younger adults, marital dissolution risks are stable or declining. The leveling of divorce among persons born since 1980 may reflect increasing selectivity of marriage. Even among the youngest cohorts, however, the stabilization of divorce rates is more than offset by the increasing number of dissolutions of cohabiting unions. In sum, divorce risk has risen sharply in recent years, but if current trends continue it could level off or even decline over the next few decades. Nevertheless, we expect that overall union instability will continue to increase because of the rise of cohabitation.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
OCHROMOLOPIS (EPERMENIA) STAINTONELLA STAINTON {LEP. EPERMENIIDAE) NUOVO OSPITE DI BRACONIDI PARASSITI DI · PRAYS
Creators: name: Roberti, Domenico
Publisher: name: Entomologica
Year: 2016

description: Ochromolopis (Epermenia) staintonella Staint. (Lep. Epermeniidae) on Osyris alba is reported here as new host of Chelonus elaeaphilus Silv. and Bracon laetus Wesm. already known as parasites of Prays.

Si dà notizia di un nuovo ospite degli Imenotteri Braconidi Chelonus elaeaphilus Silv. e Bracon laetus Wesm. parassiti di Prays: la Ochromolopis (Epermenia) staintonella Staint., vivente sulla Osyris alba.
description: Entomologica, Vol 16 (1980)
title: The EU’s Governance Transfer
title: From External Promotion to Internal Protection?
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Börzel, Tanja A.
name: Hüllen, Vera Van
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::321 Staatsformen und Regierungssysteme

description: Whether the European Union (EU) really lives up to its image of “transformative power” is still an open empirical question. There is no doubt that the EU has been active in setting and promoting norms that go far beyond the objective of regional economic integration. It prescribes and promotes standards for national governance institutions related to democracy, human rights, and the rule of law. However, in comparison to other regional organizations, the EU used to focus on the transformation of domestic governance institutions beyond rather than within its borders, targeting accession candidates, neighboring countries, and third states alike. Only recently did the EU start to develop policies and instruments explicitly aiming to protect the same norms and values within its own member states that it seeks to transfer externally. This paper traces the evolution of the EU’s external and internal governance transfer. While the external dimension is still better developed institutionally, regional integration provides the EU with effective policies and instruments to protect its fundamental values within the member states.
description: Ob die Europäische Union (EU) tatsächlich dem Anspruch einer „transformativen Macht“ gerecht wird, ist eine offene empirische Frage. Die EU setzt und fördert jedoch ohne Zweifel aktiv Normen, die weit über das Ziel regionaler wirtschaftlicher Integration hinaus gehen. Dazu gehören Standards für nationale Governance-Institutionen mit Blick auf Demokratie, Menschenrechte, und Rechtsstaatlichkeit. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Regionalorganisationen konzentrierte sie sich dabei ursprünglich vor allem auf die Transformation nationaler Governance-Institutionen jenseits ihrer Grenzen in Beitrittskandidaten, Nachbarländern und Drittstaaten. Erst seit Kurzem entwickelt die EU auch Strategien und Instrumente, die explizit auf den Schutz dieser Normen und Werte in ihren eigenen Mitgliedstaaten zielen. Dieses Papier zeichnet die Entwicklung des externen und internen Governance-Transfers der EU nach. Obwohl die externe Dimension institutionell nach wie vor besser entwickelt ist, stehen der EU im Rahmen des Integrationsprozesses effektive Instrumente zum Schutz ihrer Grundwerte in den Mitgliedstaaten zur Verfügung.
title: Making Full Use of the Longitudinal Design of the Current Population Survey: Methods for Linking Records across 16 Months
Creators: name: Drew, Julia A. Rivera
name: Flood, Sarah
name: Warren, John Robert
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2013

description: Data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) are rarely analyzed in a way that takes advantage of the CPS’s longitudinal design. This is mainly because of the technical difficulties associated with linking CPS files across months. In this paper, we describe the method we are using to create unique identifiers for all CPS person and household records from 1979 onward. These identifiers—soon to be available along with CPS basic and supplemental data as part of the on-line Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS)—will make it dramatically easier to use CPS data for longitudinal research across any number of substantive domains. In order to facilitate the use of these new longitudinal IPUMS-CPS data, we also outline seven different ways that researchers may choose to link CPS person records across months, and we describe the sample sizes and sample retention rates associated with these seven designs. Finally, we discuss a number of unique methodological challenges that researchers will confront when analyzing.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
PARORNIX ACUTA N. SP. (LEPIDOPTERA GRACILLARIIDAE)
Creators: name: Triberti, Paolo
Publisher: name: Entomologica
Year: 2016

description: The Author describes Parornix acuta n. sp., on the ground of some specimens coming from the north-eastern mediterranean region. Within the genus Parornix the species is recognizable only through the examination of the genitalia. They show some relationship only with P. finitimella Zeller.

L'A. descrive Parornix acuta n. sp., in base ad alcuni esemplari provenienti dalla regione mediterranea nord-orientale. All'interno del genere Parornix la specie è individua- bile solo attraverso l'esame delle armature genitali. Esse mostrano qualche affinità solo con quelle di P. finitimella Zeller.
description: Entomologica, Vol 16 (1980)
title: Age Heaping and Cancer Rate Estimation in Nigeria
Creators: name: al-Haddad, Benjamin J.S.
name: Jedy-Agba, Elima
name: Oga, Emmanual
name: Adebamowo, Clement
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2013

description: Age heaping is an important source of demographic bias in many countries. There is little scholarship on the effect of age heaping on cancer rate estimation. We use Nigerian demographic and cancer registry data to (1) quantify age heaping in states and within cancer registries using the Myers Blended Index and (2) examine the effect of residual age heaping bias on age standardized cancer rates (ASRs). We find severe age heaping at the level of the state and within cancer registries which is more pronounced in the north than the south. Further, we find less age heaping among women in registries compared to both men in registries and to women in the general population. Lastly, we find little evidence of residual age heaping bias comparing ASRs estimated using the population data as given (Base) to Arriaga and Strong smoothed imputed populations. The geographic results likely reflect economic and educational disparities between the north and south. The gender difference may signify that higher educated women do more screening and seek care more often. Lastly, the absence of ASR differences between the Base and smoothed populations provides evidence that age heaping may not seriously bias ASRs in countries with severe age heaping.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
title: The problems of agricultural intensification in a marginal rainfed environment : A study of farmers' practices and government policies in two villages in northeastern Thailand.
Creators: name: Rigg, Jonathan
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1985

description: In short, the study proposes that farming in a marginal rain-fed environment such as that of the Northeast Region of Thailand presents special problems for the intensification of production, and that government policies should take account of these problems. The thesis is based on fieldwork conducted in two villages in the province of Mahasarakham, Northeastern Thailand, during the period September 1982 to June 1983. The villages were both farming communities in which households grew rain-fed wet-rice to meet their subsistence requirements/ and upland cash crops (principally cassava) to supplement their income. A detailed questionnaire was conducted among approximately a fifth of the population. The work involves an analysis of farmers' practices vis a vis rice and upland cropping and contrasts them with the government recommendations. There were significant disparities between the two and these have been explained from the perspective of the farmer, rather than that of the extension office. The outcome is that many government initiatives are shown to be less than relevant to the position in which the farmer finds himself. This fact - that the government recommendations are often irrelevant to the inhabitants - is then expanded upon to reveal some of the problems of intensifying agricultural production in a marginal environment where the risks are great. The strategy that the farmers adopted appeared to consist of two contrasting, although not contradictory, elements: firstly, a great specificity of response to varying edaphic and topographic conditions; and secondly, an emphasis on flexibility of response to the variable climate. Both elements combine to stabilise production or minimise risk. The resulting limited opportunities for investment in agriculture forced farmers to look for a large proportion of their cash income outside rice and upland crop cultivation. This was accentuated by the ever-increasing pressure on farmers to have a greater disposable income, and emphasises the importance of diversifying the farm economy and presenting farmers with opportunities outside agriculture.
An annotated checklist and integrative biodiversity discovery of barnacles (Crustacea, Cirripedia) from the Moluccas, East Indonesia
Creators: name: Pitriana, Pipit
name: Valente, Luis
name: Rintelen, Thomas Von
name: Jones, Diana S.
name: Prabowo, Romanus E.
name: Von Rintelen, Kristina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Acorn barnacle
subject: coral triangle
subject: Indonesian biodiversity
subject: new records
subject: stalked barnacles
subject: taxonomy
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: To contribute to the taxonomic knowledge of barnacles in this understudied area, the first checklist of barnacles from the Moluccas is presented, including additional information on morphology, distribution, and substrate as well as molecular data. The species of barnacles from the Moluccas have been determined using morphological analysis and DNA sequences. During 19 field trips conducted between January 2016 and September 2017, 1,513 specimens of 24 species of intertidal and one species of deep-sea barnacles were collected from 51 localities from the islands. Morphological and molecular analysis of the collected material detected members of three families of stalked barnacles and four families of acorn barnacles. In addition to sampling in the field, we also surveyed the literature on barnacles from the Moluccas. In total, our checklist comprises 97 species from the Moluccas including 23 new records, two of them yet to be described species. Results suggest that the Moluccas have a much higher diversity of barnacles than previously known, for example, from the reports of Challenger and Siboga expeditions. For further work, routine application of molecular systematics could aid the detection of cryptic species, while increased sampling of more islands and a taxonomic revision of several groups would likely lead to an even higher number of species than currently known.
UNA NUOVA SPECIE DI CONDICA WALKER, GENERE NUOVO PER L'EUROPA
Creators: name: Parenzan, Paolo
Publisher: name: Entomologica
Year: 2016

description: Candica (Platysenta) europaea N. SP. (Lepidoptera-Noctuidae), A NEW GENUS FOR EUROPE. (CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF LEPIDOPTERA IN SOUTHERN ITALY. VII)

Candica (Platysenta) europaea n. sp. is described and figurated on a specimen collected in a characteristic biotope near Rossano (Calabria).

It's the first record of the genus Candica Wlk. for Italy and Europe.
description: Entomologica, Vol 16 (1980)
title: Remote sensing for conservation of tropical moist forests: A study in Indonesia.
Creators: name: Warwick-Smith, Robert Myles
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1985

description: The Indonesian archipelago extends in a great 6000km arc from the northern tip of Sumatra to the eastern border of Irian Jaya. It includes a wide diversity of ecosystems ranging from the floristically rich and economically important lowland tropical rain forests to the 'moss' and sub-alpine meadows of the higher mountains and from fresh-water swamp forest to the dry monsoon forest and savanna woodlands of the lesser Sunda islands. These forests are of importance for the protection of watersheds and catchment areas, for the maintenance of water supplies, and for their general and local influence upon climate. They are the habitat of a large number of rare, endangered and endemic plant and animal species; also many other birds, mammals, reptiles and insects which form a colourful, scientifically valuable and irreplaceable part of the national heritage and world genetic resources. This study examines an area of great ecological importance in Sulawesi, and an attempt is made to map a number of ecosystems in the area. Landsat multispectral imagery (1972) was the basis of the mapping and field work was completed in 1980. The satellite imagery proved to be a satisfactory mapping tool in these tropical moist forest conditions.
title: Big Microdata for Population Research
Creators: name: Ruggles, Steven
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2013

description: This article describes an explosion in the availability of individual-level population data. By 2018, demographic researchers will have access to over two billion records of accessible microdata from over 100 countries, dating from 1703 to the present. Another two to four billion records will become available through restricted-access data enclaves. I argue that these new resources represent a new kind of data that will enable transformative research on demographic and economic change and the spatial organization of society.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
Autophagy-dependent filopodial kinetics restrict synaptic partner choice during Drosophila brain wiring
Creators: name: Kiral, Ferdi Ridvan
name: Linneweber, Gerit Arne
name: Mathejczyk, Thomas
name: Georgiev, Svilen Veselinov
name: Wernet, Mathias F.
name: Hassan, Bassem A.
name: Kleist, Max Von
name: Hiesinger, Peter Robin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: spectral preference
subject: optic lobe
subject: mechanisms
subject: macroautophagy
subject: circuits
subject: neurons
subject: complex
subject: health
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Brain wiring is remarkably precise, yet most neurons readily form synapses with incorrect partners when given the opportunity. Dynamic axon-dendritic positioning can restrict synaptogenic encounters, but the spatiotemporal interaction kinetics and their regulation remain essentially unknown inside developing brains. Here we show that the kinetics of axonal filopodia restrict synapse formation and partner choice for neurons that are not otherwise prevented from making incorrect synapses. Using 4D imaging in developing Drosophila brains, we show that filopodial kinetics are regulated by autophagy, a prevalent degradation mechanism whose role in brain development remains poorly understood. With surprising specificity, autophagosomes form in synaptogenic filopodia, followed by filopodial collapse. Altered autophagic degradation of synaptic building material quantitatively regulates synapse formation as shown by computational modeling and genetic experiments. Increased filopodial stability enables incorrect synaptic partnerships. Hence, filopodial autophagy restricts inappropriate partner choice through a process of kinetic exclusion that critically contributes to wiring specificity.
CONSIDERAZIONI SISTEMATICHE E COROLOGICHE SUL GEN. CONDICA WLK. 1856 (= PLATYSENTA GROTE, 1874), (LEPID.- NOCTUIDAE) CON RIFERIMENTO ALLA NUOVA SPECIE C EUROPAEA PARENZAN, PRIMA DEL GENERE RINVENUTA NELL'EUROPA CONTINENTALE
Creators: name: Berio, E.
Publisher: name: Entomologica
Year: 2016

description: The Author gives some systematic and chorologic considerations on the gen. Condica Wlk. 1856 (= Platysenta Grote, 1874) (Lepidoptera-Noctuidae), after discovering of Condica europaea Parenzan, 1980. This is :first record of genus reported for continental Europe.

Two new Subgenera (Monocondica n. Sgen., Bicondica n. Sgen.) are described, and some synonymycal notes are reported.

Di alcune delle specie appartenenti al Subgen. Platysenta dò la figura della valva destra per raffronto con la nuova specie, Candica europaea Par.

È evidente che quest'ultima costituisce il primo reperto di una Candica catturata nell'Italia meridionale e nell'intera Europa continentale.

Osservo che essa si distingue dalle altre congeneriche anche per avere l'apice delle ali anteriori leggermente più appuntito delle altre specie simili.
description: Entomologica, Vol 16 (1980)
title: Racial Bias in Traffic Stops: Tests of a Unified Model of Stops and Searches
Creators: name: Ritter, Joseph A.
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2013

description: This paper develops a model of traffic stops and subsequent searches in which police officers use information about the race of drivers to maximize a well defined objective. The model provides a behavioral foundation absent from Grogger and Ridgeway’s (2006) elegantly simple test and, by incorporating searches, adds two complementary tests. Using data collected during 2002 by the Minneapolis Police Department, the tests rule out (1) statistical discrimination, (2) taste-based discrimination by optimizing police officers, and (3) statistical discrimination with cognitive limitations. The pattern of results is consistent with implicit discrimination.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
DESCRIZIONE DI UNA NUOVS SPECIE DI CARDEPIA, GENERE NUOVO PER L'ITALIA
Creators: name: Parenzan, Paolo
Publisher: name: Entomologica
Year: 2016

description: Cardepia hartigi N. SP. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Hadeninae), A NEW GENUS FOR ITALY

Cardepia hartigi n. sp. is described and illustrated on specimens collected in a marsh near Taranto (South ltaly).

lt is the first record of the Genus Cardepia for ltaly.
 This new species is also presents in West Greece.
 The A. thinks Cardepia and Discestra are two distinct and well characterized Genus because their frontal processes and morphology of females genitalia.

Con la ·scoperta e la descrizione di Cardepia hartigi n. sp. si viene ad aggiungere un nuovo genere alla lepidotterofauna dell'Italia continentale ed una nuova specie alla fauna europea.

· Cardepia hartigi n. sp. sembra avere una diffusione di tipo transionico, essendo stata rinvenuta in Italia meridionale ed in Grecia occidentale e), ha un lungo periodo di volo che va dalla fine di maggio all'inizio di agosto, probabilmente con più di una generazione, e vola in ambienti costieri paludosi, frammista alla Discestra stigmosa, che però è sempre in numero preponderante.

Dall'esame delle strutture morfo-anatomiche l'autore considera il genere Cardepia distinto dal genere Discestra e non un suo sottogenere. Tale ipotesi viene suffragata dalla grande differenza esistente nella forma della caratteristica protuberanza del capo e nella struttura dei genitali femminili delle specie appar- tenenti ai due generi.
description: Entomologica, Vol 16 (1980)
title: Employment for Youth: A Growing Challenge for the Global Community
Creators: name: Assaad, Ragui
name: Levison, Deborah
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2013

description: Social and economic challenges facing young people today must be understood in terms of the complex interaction between unique demographic trends and specific economic contexts. There has been an unprecedented growth in the number of young people in the Global South in the past two decades, and these youth face situations where the forces of economic globalization interact with historically determined national and regional economic structures and policies. Although we will argue that unemployment is only a partial measure of employment inadequacy for youth, especially in poor countries, its ready availability and widespread use make it an important starting point. While we strive to take a global perspective on youth employment challenges, our focus in this paper is on the developing regions of Asia, Africa and Latin America. We focus primarily on youth ages 15 through 24 but sometimes also consider 25- to 29-year-olds because there is growing evidence that the transition to adulthood, including the transition to work, is now more protracted and extends into these higher ages. We argue in this paper that employment inadequacy among youth is a much broader phenomenon than youth unemployment as conventionally defined. Remaining out of work to actively search for employment is often either fruitless and/or unaffordable for many youths in developing countries if there are few wage and salary jobs to be had. After attempting to characterize the dimensions of the youth employment challenge, we move to a brief review of existing attempts to address the youth employment challenge. We focus in this discussion on education and training programs that prepare youth for the labor market and active labor market programs that help them transition into the world of work. We attempt to synthesize the implications and lessons learned from rigorous evaluations of such programs. Although these programs are fairly widespread, most of the evaluations and assessments that have been carried out so far have been done for programs implemented in upper- and middle income countries. The applicability of these lessons learned to poor countries is therefore still a work in progress.
description: Commissioned paper for the High-Level Panel on Post-2015 UN MDG Development Agenda Employment and Economic Growth
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
Thiol-based redox switches in the major pathogen Staphylococcus aureus
Creators: name: Linzner, Nico
name: Loi, Vu Van
name: Fritsch, Verena Nadin
name: Antelmann, Haike
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: bacillithiol
subject: electrophiles
subject: HOCl
subject: ROS
subject: Staphylococcus aureus
subject: thiol switches
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen, which encounters reactive oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, electrophile and sulfur species (ROS, RNS, RCS, RES and RSS) by the host immune system, during cellular metabolism or antibiotics treatments. To defend against redox active species and antibiotics, S. aureus is equipped with redox sensing regulators that often use thiol switches to control the expression of specific detoxification pathways. In addition, the maintenance of the redox balance is crucial for survival of S. aureus under redox stress during infections, which is accomplished by the low molecular weight (LMW) thiol bacillithiol (BSH) and the associated bacilliredoxin (Brx)/BSH/bacillithiol disulfide reductase (YpdA)/NADPH pathway. Here, we present an overview of thiol-based redox sensors, its associated enzymatic detoxification systems and BSH-related regulatory mechanisms in S. aureus, which are important for the defense under redox stress conditions. Application of the novel Brx-roGFP2 biosensor provides new insights on the impact of these systems on the BSH redox potential. These thiol switches of S. aureus function in protection against redox active desinfectants and antimicrobials, including HOCl, the AGXX (R) antimicrobial surface coating, allicin from garlic and the naphthoquinone lapachol. Thus, thiol switches could be novel drug targets for the development of alternative redox-based therapies to combat multi-drug resistant S. aureus isolates.
Plate-height model of ion mobility-mass spectrometry
Creators: name: Grabarics, Márkó
name: Lettow, Maike
name: Kirk, Ansgar T.
name: Helden, Gert Von
name: Causon, Tim J.
name: Pagel, Kevin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: capillary-zone-electrophoresis
subject: band-broadening contributions
subject: collision cross-sections
subject: optimum drift voltage
subject: resolving power
subject: space-charge
subject: theoretical-plate
subject: stochastic-theory
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: In the past decade, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) in combination with mass spectrometry (IM-MS) became a widely employed technique for the separation and structural characterization of ionic species in the gas phase. Similarly to chromatography, where studies on the mechanism of band broadening and adequate plate-height equations have been aiding method development and promoting advancements in column technology, a suitable resolving power theory of drift tube ion mobility-mass spectrometry (DTIM-MS) is essential to stimulate further progress in this emerging field of separation science. In the present study, therefore, we explore dispersion processes in detail and present a plate-height model of ion mobility-mass spectrometry. We quantify the effects of five major dispersion processes that contribute to zone broadening and determine the resolving power in DTIM-MS: diffusion, Coulomb repulsion, electric field inhomogeneities, the finite initial spread of the ion cloud and dispersion outside the mobility cell. A solution is provided to account for the nonuniform separation field in IM-MS in the presence of multiple compartments. The equations - derived from first principles - serve as the basis for formulating an expression that is similar in nature to van Deemter's plate-height equation for chromatography. A comprehensive set of experiments was performed on a custom-built DTIM-MS instrument to evaluate the accuracy of the plate-height model, resulting in satisfactory agreement between experiment and theory. Building on these findings, the plate-height equation was employed to explore the influence of drift gas pressure, injection pulse-width and the mobility of ions on resolving power from a theoretical point of view. Our findings may aid instrument design and development in the future, as well as the optimization of measurement conditions to improve ion mobility separations. By employing the plate-height concept and the general formalism of differential migration processes to describe zone spreading in IM-MS, we aim to find a common ground between this emerging method and such well-established techniques as HPLC or CZE. We also hope that the work presented here will facilitate a broader acceptance of IMS as a separation method of great potential by the communities of chromatography and electrophoresis, as well as that of mass spectrometry.
Molecular analysis of polymorphic species of the genus Marshallagia (Nematoda: Ostertagiinae)
Creators: name: Kuchboev, Abdurakhim
name: Sobirova, Khanifakhon
name: Karimova, Rokhatoy
name: Amirov, Oybek
name: Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg Von
name: Krücken, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Marshallagia
subject: Polymorphic species
subject: Parasitic nematodes
subject: Ruminants
subject: Barcoding gap
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Background: The genus Marshallagia (Family Haemonchidae, subfamily Ostertagiinae) contains multiple species of nematodes parasitising the abomasum (or duodenum) of ruminants, in particular of Caprinae. Male specimens have been described to be polymorphic with the frequent/major morphotype initially described in the genus Marshallagia while the minor/rare morphotype was initially often placed in the genus Grossospicularia. Due to common morphological features, certain pairs of morphotypes were suggested to belong to the same species such as Marshallagia marshalli/M. occidentalis. However, molecular evidence to confirm these pairs of morphotypes belonging to the same species is missing. Methods: In the present study, Marshallagia sp. were collected from domestic sheep in Uzbekistan. Male specimens were morphologically described with particular emphasis on the structure of the bursa copulatrix. After DNA isolation from morphologically identified specimens, PCRs targeting the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) regions were conducted. After Sanger sequencing, maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses and pairwise identities between sequences were calculated. Results: The major morphotypes of M. marshalli, M. schumakovitschi and M. uzbekistanica and the minor morphotypes M. occidentalis, M. trifida and M. sogdiana were identified and their morphology was documented in detail. ITS2 sequences showed little variation and did not allow diagnosing species. In contrast, phylogenetic analysis of cox1 sequences identified highly supported clusters and verified that M. marshalli, M. occidentalis and M. uzbekistanica are different morphotypes of the species M. marshalli while M. schumakovitschi and M. trifida represent distinct morphotypes of M. trifida. For M. sogdiana no corresponding major morphotype could be identified in the present study. Due to a large barcoding gap, comparison of cox1 sequences in terms of percent identity was sufficient to reliably assign the sequences to a particular species without phylogenetic analysis. Conclusions: The data presented here create a framework that will allow the classification of other members of the genus in the future and underline that parallel morphological and molecular analysis of specimens is crucial to improve the taxonomy of polymorphic species.
title: Methodological Challenges in Studying the Impact of Domestic Violence on Children's Human Capital: An Application to Colombia
Creators: name: Assaad, Ragui
name: Friedemann-Sanchez, Greta
name: Levison, Deborah
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2013
Subjects: domestic violence
intimate partner violence
education
children
outcomes
Colombia

description: This paper examines the effects of intimate-partner violence (IPV) against the mother on the educational outcomes of her children ages 6-14. We explore the potential non-random selection of children into situations where they are exposed to IPV using non-parametric matching methods and parametric instrumental variables methods. The analyses of Colombia’s 2005 DHS (N= 21,827) indicate that mother’s exposure to IPV reduces children’s school attendance by 1.2 to 2.7 percentage points, depending on methodology, substantial when compared to the 6.7 percent average non-attendance rate. It reduces unconditional grade advancement by 2.1 to 2.8 percentage points, which should be compared to an average non-advancement rate of 8 percent. It reduces grade advancement conditional on staying in school by 1.5 to 1.8 percentage points, relative to an average non-advancement rate of 4.4 percent. The effect of mother’s IPV on the probability of drop-out in the past year is not statistically significant, but it lowers grade attainment conditional on current attendance by 0.06 to 0.12 years and unconditional years of education completed by about 0.10 years.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
The P-glycoprotein repertoire of the equine parasitic nematode Parascaris univalens
Creators: name: Gerhard, Alexander P.
name: Krücken, Jürgen
name: Heitlinger, Emanuel
name: Janssen, I. Jana I.
name: Basiaga, Marta
name: Kornas, Slawomir
name: Beier, Celine
name: Nielsen, Martin K.
name: Davis, Richard E.
name: Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg Von
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: macrocyclic lactone resistance
subject: gene-expression analysis
subject: anthelmintic resistance
subject: ivermectin resistance
subject: caenorhabditis-elegans
subject: equorum infection
subject: abc transporters
subject: stud farms
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: P-glycoproteins (Pgp) have been proposed as contributors to the widespread macrocyclic lactone (ML) resistance in several nematode species including a major pathogen of foals, Parascaris univalens. Using new and available RNA-seq data, ten different genomic loci encoding Pgps were identified and characterized by transcriptome-guided RT-PCRs and Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed an ascarid-specific Pgp lineage, Pgp-18, as well as two paralogues of Pgp-11 and Pgp-16. Comparative gene expression analyses in P. univalens and Caenorhabditis elegans show that the intestine is the major site of expression but individual gene expression patterns were not conserved between the two nematodes. In P. univalens, PunPgp-9, PunPgp-11.1 and PunPgp-16.2 consistently exhibited the highest expression level in two independent transcriptome data sets. Using RNA-Seq, no significant upregulation of any Pgp was detected following in vitro incubation of adult P. univalens with ivermectin suggesting that drug-induced upregulation is not the mechanism of Pgp-mediated ML resistance. Expression and functional analyses of PunPgp-2 and PunPgp-9 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae provide evidence for an interaction with ketoconazole and ivermectin, but not thiabendazole. Overall, this study established reliable reference gene models with significantly improved annotation for the P. univalens Pgp repertoire and provides a foundation for a better understanding of Pgp-mediated anthelmintic resistance.
sj-pdf-1-ips-10.1177_0192512120923068 - Supplemental material for Agenda dynamics and policy priorities in military regimes
Creators: name: T. Murat Yildirim
name: Bulut, Alper T.
name: Ilter, Emel
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160607 International Relations
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-ips-10.1177_0192512120923068 for Agenda dynamics and policy priorities in military regimes by T. Murat Yildirim, Alper T. Bulut and Emel Ilter in International Political Science Review
title: Is School the Best Route to Skills? Returns to Vocational School and Vocational Skills in Egypt
Creators: name: Krafft, Caroline
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2013

description: Formal vocational schooling is expected by many to be the best route to job skills, to make young Egyptians highly employable and to generate substantial returns. This paper compares the returns to formal vocational secondary education and the returns to vocational skills acquired through other routes, such as apprenticeships, in Egypt. By using a unique panel data set that allows for a comparison of siblings, this paper estimates the impact of education and skills on wages in terms of causal effects. The evidence in this paper shows that for older adults there are substantial returns to a vocational secondary education. However, for recent graduates there are very limited, near zero returns to vocational secondary education, even as compared to attaining no formal education whatsoever. Additionally, this paper demonstrates that the returns to vocational skills, specifically craft skills obtained through an apprenticeship, are substantial even for recent graduates. Formal vocational secondary education is not the best route to employable skills and higher wages. Given this evidence, Egypt’s current system of vocational secondary education should be dismantled. The widely held assumption that formal education is the most effective route to skills should be re-examined in other contexts as well.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
JCR-ESI – Supplemental material for o-Phenylenediamine as a reaction-based probe for the fluorescent detection of Ce(IV) ions
Creators: name: Lai, Xiaojing
name: Ye, Qiuxiang
name: Wang, Ruixiang
name: Wang, Peng
name: Liu, Jin-Biao
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Supplemental material, JCR-ESI for o-Phenylenediamine as a reaction-based probe for the fluorescent detection of Ce(IV) ions by Xiaojing Lai, Qiuxiang Ye, Ruixiang Wang, Peng Wang and Jin-Biao Liu in Journal of Chemical Research
title: Economic and Health Outcomes of Unpaid Caregiving: A Framework from the Health and Social Sciences
Creators: name: Friedemann-Sánchez, Greta
name: Griffin, Joan M.
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2013

description: Unpaid caregiving performed by family members for dependents is often overlooked in research and policies on development processes and outcomes. This article presents a framework for understanding the determinants and effects of caregiving for caregivers, organized into three levels: at the micro-level, individual care recipient and caregiver characteristics and resources; at the meso-level social norms, social support, and community resources; and at the macro-level, caregiver support policies. Drawing on existing evidence from developed and developing nations, the article highlights gaps in knowledge regarding developing nations, proposes interdisciplinary questions for future research in developing nations, and points at policy and research implications within and between each analytical level.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
title: Mustafa al-Nahhas: A case study of Egyptian political leadership.
Creators: name: El-Hadidy, Mohamed Alaa
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1985

description: Nahhâs' rise to the leadership of the Wafd and the national movement reflected the rise of a new social force in Egyptian society and politics, the urban, middle-class professionals, especially the lawyers. This group, which first adopted the ideology of the Watani Party under the leadership of Mustafa Kâmil at the turn of the century, would soon shift its ideological orientation towards the ideology of the Umma Party controlled by its rural landowner supporters, and join forces under the leadership of Saâd Zaghlul and the newly-created Wafd Party. Nahhâs was soon to clash with the landowners, and his political career would be marked inside the Party by a continuous struggle of his wing for the domination of the Party, partly achieved in 1927 by his election, and then by the defection of the rival wing in 1932. The policy of the Party under the leadership of Nahhâs towards the British and the Palace reflected the inner balance of power between the two wings. The landowners being defeated by the lawyers in the elections brought about by the 1923 Constitution, would abandon their Umma ant-autocratic principles, while Nahhâs, the ex-Watani adherent, would implement the Umma's concept of co-operation with the British to achieve gradual independence, while at the same time curtailing the power of the Palace for a more constitutional representative government. In this light we can understand the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian treaty and the Palace incident of 4 February 1942. It was with the rise of a new urban middle class after World War II and the decline of Nahhâs as a representative of this group by bringing into the leadership ranks of the Wafd a landowner, Siraj al-Din, that the social base on which he depended moved to other political groups which finally succeeded in bringing down the whole of Nahhâs' regime in 1952.
title: Nominal anchoring
title: Specificity, definiteness and article systems across languages
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Balogh, Kata (Ed.)
name: Latrouite, Anja (Ed.)
name: Valin, Robert D. Van (Ed.)
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: articles systems
subject: 400 Sprache::410 Linguistik::410 Linguistik

description: The papers in this volume address to different degrees issues on the relationship of articles systems and the pragmatic notions of definiteness and specificity in typologically diverse languages: Vietnamese, Siwi (Berber), Russian, Mopan (Mayan), Persian, Danish and Swedish. The main questions that motivate this volume are: 1.) How do languages with and without an article system go about helping the hearer to recognize whether a given noun phrase should be interpreted as definite, specific or non-specific? 2.) Is there clear-cut semantic definiteness without articles or do we find systematic ambiguity regarding the interpretation of bare noun phrases? 3.) If there is ambiguity, can we still posit one reading as the default? 4.) What exactly do articles in languages encode that are not analyzed as straightforwardly coding (in)definiteness? 5.) Do we find linguistic tools in these languages that are similar to those found in languages without articles? Most contributions report on research on different corpora and elicited data or present the outcome of various experimental studies. One paper presents a diachronic study of the emergence of article systems. On the issue of how languages with and without articles guide the hearer to the conclusion that a given noun phrase should be interpreted as definite, specific or non-specific, the studies in this paper argue for similar strategies. The languages investigated in this volume use constructions and linguistic tools that receive a final interpretation based on discourse prominence considerations and various aspects of the syntax-semantics interface. In case of ambiguity between these readings, the default interpretation is given by factors (e. g., familiarity, uniqueness) that are known to contribute to the salience of phrases, but may be overridden by discourse prominence. Articles that do not straightforwardly mark (in)definiteness encode different kinds of specificity. In the languages studied in this volume, whether they have articles or do not have an article system, we find similar factors and linguistic tools in the calculation process of interpretations. The volume contains revised selected papers from the workshop entitled Specificity, definiteness and article systems across languages held at the 40th Annual Conference of the German Linguistic Society (DGfS), 7-9 March, 2018 at the University of Stuttgart.
title: Re-Thinking the Two-Body Problem: The Segregation of Women into Geographically-Dispersed Occupation
Creators: name: Benson, Alan
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2013
Subjects: household mobility
occupational segregation
family

description: Research on the family cites the tendency for couples to relocate for husbands’ careers as evidence against the gender-neutrality of household economic decisions. I test whether the prioritization of husbands’ careers in mobility decisions is endogenous to men’s and women’s occupations. Consistent with this hypothesis, I find the tendency for households to relocate for husbands’ careers is better-explained by the segregation of women into geographically-dispersed occupations in advance of marriage rather than by the direct prioritization of men’s careers. I find that, even among never-married workers, women relocate for work less-often than men and that the gender effect disappears after accounting for segregation. While most two-earner families feature husbands in geographically-clustered jobs involving frequent relocation for work, families are no-less-likely to relocate for work when it belongs to the wife. I conclude future research in household mobility should treat occupational segregation occurring prior to marriage rather than gender bias within married couples as the primary explanation for the prioritization of husbands’ careers in household mobility decisions.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series