cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Standards for Belief Representations in LLMs
Creators: name: Herrmann, Daniel A.
name: Levinstein, Benjamin A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As large language models (LLMs) continue to demonstrate remarkable abilities across various domains, computer scientists are developing methods to understand their cognitive processes, particularly concerning how (and if) LLMs internally represent their beliefs about the world. However, this field currently lacks a unified theoretical foundation to underpin the study of belief in LLMs. This article begins filling this gap by proposing adequacy conditions for a representation in an LLM to count as belief-like. We argue that, while the project of belief measurement in LLMs shares striking features with belief measurement as carried out in decision theory and formal epistemology, it also differs in ways that should change how we measure belief. Thus, drawing from insights in philosophy and contemporary practices of machine learning, we establish four criteria that balance theoretical considerations with practical constraints. Our proposed criteria include accuracy, coherence, uniformity, and use, which together help lay the groundwork for a comprehensive understanding of belief representation in LLMs. We draw on empirical work showing the limitations of using various criteria in isolation to identify belief representations.
Unraveling alignment pattern in high-energy particles via transverse momentum disbalance analysis
Creators: name: Lokhtin, I. P.
name: Nikolskii, A. V.
name: Snigirev, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hypothesis of the relation between strong azimuthal correlations, known as alignment, in families of hadrons and photons observed in cosmic ray experiments and the selection procedure of the highest-energy particles together with the transverse momentum conservation are tested in the framework of the HYDJET++ model. The results show that the high degree of alignment can appear in nucleus-nucleus interactions at reasonable values of the transverse momentum disbalance of most energetic detected particles.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Definitions and comments have been added to the manuscript. Version accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J. A
title: Effects of saltwater intrusion on groundwater microbial community diversity
Creators: name: Houghton, Karen M.
name: Moreau, Magali
name: Tschritter, Conny
Publisher: name: GNS Science
Year: 2022

description: Microbial communities in groundwater carry out biochemical processes that are essential ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling and removal of contaminants. These processes play an important role in the quality of groundwater used for drinking and irrigation as well as interconnected surface water. The effects of climate change on these communities, e.g. from increasing salt levels from rising sea levels, or from global temperature increases, are unknown. This study used a combination of culture-dependent (growth curves, isolation of bacteria) and culture-independent (marker gene sequencing, functional gene quantification) methods to identify the potential effects of saltwater intrusion on groundwater microbes and their functions. Groundwater samples were collected from sites in two regions, Waikato and Canterbury, and exposed to a range of concentrations of chloride. Each groundwater sample responded differently to chloride, depending on the microbial community present within that sample. Some groundwater microbial communities were negatively impacted by increasing chloride concentrations, including declines in bacteria responsible for nitrate and ammonia removal. These ecosystems should be prioritised for future protection from sea level rise or increased pumping of groundwater for agriculture. Other samples were stimulated in the presence of chloride, often caused by an increase in abundance of salt-tolerant heterotrophic bacteria using sugars, peptides, or organic acids for energy. Identification of keystone species affected by saltwater in these ecosystems will enable management decisions to be made about future abstraction limits or if defences against sea level rise are needed. (The authors)
Scheduling two types of jobs with minimum makespan
Creators: name: Cao, Song
name: Jin, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider scheduling two types of jobs (A-job and B-job) to $p$ machines and minimizing their makespan. A group of same type of jobs processed consecutively by a machine is called a batch. For machine $v$, processing $x$ A-jobs in a batch takes $k^A_vx^2$ time units for a given speed $k^A_v$, and processing $x$ B-jobs in a batch takes $k^B_vx^2$ time units for a given speed $k^B_v$. We give an $O(n^2p\log(n))$ algorithm based on dynamic programming and binary search for solving this problem, where $n$ denotes the maximal number of A-jobs and B-jobs to be distributed to the machines. Our algorithm also fits the easier linear case where each batch of length $x$ of $A$-jobs takes $k^A_v x$ time units and each batch of length $x$ of $B$-jobs takes $k^B_vx$ time units. The running time is the same as the above case.
title: The 2021 update to New Zealand's National Tsunami Hazard Model
Creators: name: Power, William L.
name: Burbidge, David R.
name: Gusman, Aditya R.
Publisher: name: GNS Science
Year: 2022

description: The National Tsunami Hazard Model (NTHM) provides estimates of tsunami heights at the shoreline for return periods of up to 2500 years. It is used as a basis for selecting scenarios used for tsunami inundation modelling, which underpins tsunami evacuation zone design, land use planning and risk assessments. The original NTHM was completed in 2013, though it built upon a 2005 study focused only on the main coastal cities. Since 2013, there have been improvements in the understanding of tsunami sources and in the techniques of tsunami modelling, and this report describes an incremental update incorporating those improvements. This new revision we refer to as the 2021 NTHM. One area of improvement is in the definition of earthquake recurrences, and the update uses parameters from the Global Earthquake Model (GEM), which was still in development at the time of the 2013 NTHM. The 2021 NTHM makes use of a broad catalogue of simulated tsunami events caused by subduction earthquakes from around the Pacific. This catalogue was developed in 2019, initially for the purpose of informing real-time tsunami forecasts. By using this large catalogue of scenarios, and through more sophisticated use of scaling relationships, it is expected that the 2021 NTHM should produce more accurate tsunami hazard estimates. Modelling of tsunami caused by crustal faults close to New Zealand has also been significantly improved. The 2013 NTHM used simple empirical relationships to estimate tsunami heights, and here those have been replaced by using scaled hydrodynamic models, which should produce significantly more accurate results. Overall, we find that the 2021 NTHM tends to produce similar or slightly lower estimates of tsunami hazard at the shoreline compared to the 2013 NTHM at most locations and return times. The main exception to this is the east coast of the North Island, for which some areas are estimated to have higher hazard at longer return times. We anticipate that the introduction of improved tsunami height estimates will lead to better choices of scenarios for inundation modelling studies. (The authors)
Linear-T Resistivity from Spatially Random Vector Coupling
Creators: name: Wang, Yi-Li
name: Ge, Xian-Hui
name: Sin, Sang-Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Patel et al. introduced a higher dimensional version of the SYK model with random coupling in a Yukawa interaction to find the linear-$T$ resistivity. We test the universality of the mechanism by replacing the scalar field with a vector field in various dimensions. We find that it works for vector and scalar interactions, although the details are largely different. However, this mechanism for the linear-$T$ resistivity works only in $(2+1)$ dimensions and not in higher dimensions, regardless of the interaction type. Based on these results, we explore the rôle of spatial random disorder and find a simple explanation of how such random scattering converts the Fermi liquid to a strange metal by changing the self-energies of the involved bosons and fermions.
description: 34 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables
Edition des Schafferbuchs der „Broderschup der medelidinge Marien“ 1510/20
Creators: name: Micheel, Franziska
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Schafferbuch
subject: Totengedächtnis (Memoria)
subject: "Broderschup der medelidinge Marien"
subject: Bruderschaft
subject: Laiengesellschaft
subject: Mittelalter
subject: Bremen
subject: 900

description: Im späten Mittelalter gab es in Bremen, so wie in den meisten anderen Städten Europas auch, viele Bruderschaften. Trotz ihres Namens waren viele davon für Männer und Frauen offen. Manche hatten Laien und es jedoch reine Laiengesellschaften, die sich unterschiedlichen Aufgaben widmeten. Zentral war allen jedoch das Totengedächtnis (Memoria) ihrer Mitglieder. Von den ca. 30 Bruderschaften am Ende des Mittelalters in Bremen ist die der „Mitleidigen Maria“ eine, von der immerhin Reste ihres Schafferbuchs überliefert sind. Es wird hier erstmals ediert.
Bremen - Eine "Stadt der Kolonien"? Bremer Kolonialpläne während der NS-Zeit (1935-1945)
Creators: name: Scharfenort, Andreas
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Bremen (Stadt)
subject: Nationalsozialismus
subject: NS-Zeit
subject: Kolonialismus
subject: "Stadt der Kolonien"
subject: Kolonialrevisionist*innen
subject: 900

description: Eine kleine Gruppe von Kolonialrevisionist*innen übte während der NS-Zeit großen Einfluss auf die Bremer Stadtregierung aus. Parteimitglieder der NSDAP, Wissenschaftler*innen und Teile der Bremer Kaufmannschaft versuchten Bremen zum Zentrum deutscher Kolonialpolitik zu machen. Sie wollten der Stadt u.a. den inoffiziellen Zusatz „Stadt der Kolonien“ verleihen. Die dazugehörigen Korrespondenzen sind in Akten des Bremer Staatsarchivs überliefert. In dieser Arbeit werden Personen, Institutionen und Verbände vorgestellt, die den kolonialen Gedanken in Bremen förderten. Die Intentionen dieser kolonialen Akteure und wie sie untereinander vernetzt waren und zusammenarbeiteten, wird anhand konkreter Fallbeispiele erläutert.
Intrinsic high-fidelity spin polarization of charged vacancies in hexagonal boron nitride
Creators: name: Lee, Wonjae
name: Liu, Vincent S.
name: Zhang, Zhelun
name: Kim, Sangha
name: Gong, Ruotian
name: Du, Xinyi
name: Pham, Khanh
name: Poirier, Thomas
name: Hao, Zeyu
name: Edgar, James H.
name: Kim, Philip
name: Zu, Chong
name: Davis, Emily J.
name: Yao, Norman Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The negatively charged boron vacancy ($\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{B}}^-$) in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has garnered significant attention among defects in two-dimensional materials. This owes, in part, to its deterministic generation, well-characterized atomic structure, and optical polarizability at room temperature. We investigate the latter through extensive measurements probing both the ground and excited state polarization dynamics. We develop a semiclassical model based on these measurements that predicts a near-unity degree of spin polarization, surpassing other solid-state spin defects under ambient conditions. Building upon our model, we include the presence of nuclear spin degrees of freedom adjacent to the $\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{B}}^-$ and perform a comprehensive set of Lindbladian numerics to investigate the hyperfine-induced polarization of the nuclear spins. Our simulations predict a number of important features that emerge as a function of magnetic field which are borne out by experiment.
Bound polariton states in the Dicke-Ising model
Creators: name: Román-Roche, Juan
name: Gómez-León, Álvaro
name: Luis, Fernando
name: Zueco, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of hybrid light-matter excitations in cavity QED materials using the Dicke-Ising model as a theoretical framework. Leveraging linear response theory, we derive the exact excitations of the system in the thermodynamic limit. Our results demonstrate that the cavity can localize spin excitations, leading to the formation of bound polaritons, where the cavity acts as an impurity of the two-excitation band, localizing spin-wave pairs around single-spin domains. We derive the condition for the existence of these bound states and discuss its satisfiability in different regimes. Finally, we show that these effects persist in finite systems using exact-diagonalization calculations.
description: Significant changes with respect to the second version. It was formerly a letter accompanying a longer paper (arXiv:2406.11971v2). The letter was not accepted for publication and we have modified the manuscript into a paper focused on the main result of the former letter. Readers interested in the theoretical part of the former letter can read arXiv:2406.11971
"Nach zwanzig, dreißig Jahren hängt das immer noch im einzelnen Menschen" – Der Radikalenbeschluss von 1972 in der Erinnerung betroffener Lehrer*innen. Eine Oral-History-Untersuchung
Creators: name: Gärtner, Helen
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nachkriegszeit
subject: Radikalenbeschluss (1972)
subject: Willy Brandt (Bundeskanzler)
subject: Bremen
subject: Öffentlicher Dienst
subject: Oral-History-Untersuchung
subject: 900

description: Zu den unbekannteren Kapiteln der westdeutschen Nachkriegsgeschichte zählt der Radikalenbeschluss, 1972 gefasst unter Bundeskanzler Willy Brandt. Sein Ziel war der Ausschluss mutmaßlich verfassungsfeindlicher Personen aus dem öffentlichen Dienst. Mehr als drei Millionen vornehmlich politisch links orientierte Personen wurden in den 1970er und -80er Jahren durch den Verfassungsschutz überprüft, es kam zur Anwendung von Disziplinarmaßnahmen und Entlassungen. Das große mediale und politische Echo verhallte, nachdem die Beschlusspraxis im Laufe der 1980er Jahre nach und nach zum Erliegen kam – heute steht die Wissenschaft einer Forschungslücke gegenüber, die erst seit wenigen Jahren sukzessive gefüllt wird. Der Artikel rückt erstmals die Perspektive der Betroffenen in den Vordergrund und untersucht anhand teilbiographischer Interviews mit Lehrer*innen aus dem Land Bremen, wie diese die Praxis des Radikalenbeschlusses heute erinnern und erzählen. Im Fokus der Oral History-Untersuchung stehen insbesondere Kollektividentifikationen, wiederkehrende inhaltliche Schwerpunktsetzungen sowie narrative, kommunikative und sprachliche Phänomene.
Supplementary figures, methods and notes from Detecting and distinguishing tipping points using spectral early warning signals
Creators: name: T. M. Bury
name: C. T. Bauch
name: M. Anand
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: Environmental Science
Computational Biology

description: Figures show EWS behaviour prior to each local bifurcation, additional model simulations and a more detailed analysis of the chemostat data. Methods provide further details on computation of the EWS and derivation of their analytical approximations. The note discusses the occurrence of bifurcations in high-dimensional systems.
Linear response theory for cavity QED materials at arbitrary light-matter coupling strengths
Creators: name: Román-Roche, Juan
name: Gómez-León, Álvaro
name: Luis, Fernando
name: Zueco, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a linear response theory for materials collectively coupled to a cavity that is valid in all regimes of light-matter coupling, including symmetry-broken phases. We present and compare two different approaches. First, using a coherent path integral formulation for the partition function to obtain thermal Green functions. This approach relies on a saddle point expansion for the action, that can be truncated in the thermodynamic limit. Second, by formulating the equations of motion for the retarded Green functions and solving them. We use a mean-field decoupling of high-order Green functions in order to obtain a closed, solvable system of equations. Both approaches yield identical results in the calculation of response functions for the cavity and material. These are obtained in terms of the bare cavity and material responses. In combination, the two techniques clarify the validity of a mean-field decoupling in correlated light-matter systems and provide complementary means to compute finite-size corrections to the thermodynamic limit. The theory is formulated for a general model that encompasses most of the systems typically considered in the field of cavity QED materials. Finally, we provide a detailed application of the theory to the Quantum Hall effect and to a collection of spin models.
description: Significant changes with respect to the second version, including the title. This paper was previously part of a joint submission with an accompanying letter (arXiv:2406.11957v2). Since that letter was not accepted for publication, we have made changes to the content and layout of this paper to reflect that it is now a standalone paper
Supplementary document for Phase-unwrapping-free 3D reconstruction in structured light field system based on varied auxiliary point - 5963771.pdf
Creators: name: Zhou, Ping
name: Wang, Yanzheng
name: Xu, Yuda
name: Cai, Zewei
name: Zuo, Chao
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Revised Appendix
title: 'Geologic Champagne' voyage report R/V Tangaroa TAN2006: 26 June - 17 July 2020, Wellington-Wellington
Creators: name: Pecher, Ingo A.
name: Hillman, Jess I. T.
name: Davy, Bryan W.
name: Gorman, A. R.
name: Woelz, Suzi
name: Andrew, D.
name: Boettger, L.
name: Dalbeth, A.
name: Gerring, P.
name: Hoffman, J.
name: Macnaughtan, A.
name: Oluwunmi, P.
name: Quinn, W.
name: Shorrock, A.
name: Tankersley, M.
Publisher: name: GNS Science
Year: 2022

description: Tangaroa voyage TAN2006 took place from 26 June – 17 July 2020, with an unscheduled port call in Wellington from 29 June – 1 July due to equipment problems. The voyage objectives focused on geophysical studies of seafloor pockmarks on the Chatham Rise, as well as possible pockmarks and contourite deposits in the Bounty Trough. We acquired ~800 km of 2D seismic data, ~500 km of which were in a dense grid designed for high-resolution 3D seismic imaging across a pockmark field on the Chatham Rise. The other ~300 km of seismic data were collected as regional profiles stretching into the Bounty Trough. Approximately 2900 km of TOPAS sub-bottom profiler data were collected, including along all seismic profiles. Coverage across the 3D seismic area is particularly dense, with in- and cross-lines at 25 m spacing in the centre of the 3D cube. We also collected multibeam echo-sounder data with the R/V Tangaroa’s Kongsberg Simrad EM302 system. Weather-related downtime for seismic profiling was nearly 50%; however, we were able to acquire high-quality TOPAS data during most the voyage. (The authors)
Insights into improving embryo survival in sheep
Creators: name: Reader, Karen L.
name: Juengel, Jenny
Publisher: name: AgResearch
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 300302
subject: Animal management
classificationCode: 300301
subject: Animal growth and development

description: In sheep, embryo loss reduces farm profitability and increases the environmental footprint per kg of sheep meat produced. Additionally, improving embryo survival in assisted reproductive technologies is critical for accelerating genetic gain. However, embryo loss remains hidden, and thus often unrecognized, and our ability to improve embryo survival is limited. To reduce embryo loss, we need to first understand when the loss is occurring during gestation and then delineate the mechanisms that result in failure of the embryo to survive. It is only through using this knowledge that we will be able to improve embryo survival and thereby improve farm profitability and environmental credentials. This review will focus on understanding the role that embryo survival may play in optimizing farm productivity and factors influencing embryo survival in sheep. We present insights gained from both in vivo and in vitro experiments, focusing on the role of steroids and the immune system. We highlight potential new approaches to improving farm productivity within a reduced environmental footprint and key areas of research where additional knowledge may lead to new interventions to improve embryo survival.
Comparing differentiable logics for learning with logical constraints
Creators: name: Flinkow, Thomas
name: Pearlmutter, Barak A.
name: Monahan, Rosemary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Extensive research on formal verification of machine learning systems indicates that learning from data alone often fails to capture underlying background knowledge, such as specifications implicitly available in the data. Various neural network verifiers have been developed to ensure that a machine-learnt model satisfies correctness and safety properties; however, they typically assume a trained network with fixed weights. A promising approach for creating machine learning models that inherently satisfy constraints after training is to encode background knowledge as explicit logical constraints that guide the learning process via so-called differentiable logics. In this paper, we experimentally compare and evaluate various logics from the literature, present our findings, and highlight open problems for future work. We evaluate differentiable logics with respect to their suitability in training, and use a neural network verifier to check their ability to establish formal guarantees. The complete source code for our experiments is available as an easy-to-use framework for training with differentiable logics at https://github.com/tflinkow/comparing-differentiable-logics.
description: 23 pages, 8 tables, 5 figures. Published in Science of Computer Programming 244 (2025)
Fair Money -- Public Good Value Pricing With Karma Economies
Creators: name: Riehl, Kevin
name: Kouvelas, Anastasios
name: Makridis, Michail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: City road infrastructure is a public good, and over-consumption by self-interested, rational individuals leads to traffic jams. Congestion pricing is effective in reducing demand to sustainable levels, but also controversial, as it introduces equity issues and systematically discriminates lower-income groups. Karma is a non-monetary, fair, and efficient resource allocation mechanism, that employs an artificial currency different from money, that incentivizes cooperation amongst selfish individuals, and achieves a balance between giving and taking. Where money does not do its job, Karma achieves socially more desirable resource allocations by being aligned with consumers' needs rather than their financial power. This work highlights the value proposition of Karma, gives guidance on important Karma mechanism design elements, and equips the reader with a useful software framework to model Karma economies and predict consumers' behaviour. A case study demonstrates the potential of this feasible alternative to money, without the burden of additional fees.
Asymmetric Fluid Flow in Helical Pipes Inspired by Shark Intestines
Creators: name: Levin, Ido
name: Sadaba, Naroa
name: Nelson, Alshakim
name: Keller, Sarah L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unlike human intestines, which are long, hollow tubes, the intestines of sharks and rays contain interior helical structures surrounding a cylindrical hole. One function of these structures may be to create asymmetric flow, favoring passage of fluid down the digestive tract, from anterior to posterior. Here, we design and 3D print biomimetic models of shark intestines, in both rigid and deformable materials. We use the rigid models to test which physical parameters of the interior helices (the pitch, the hole radius, the tilt angle, and the number of turns) yield the largest flow asymmetries. These asymmetries exceed those of traditional Tesla valves, structures specifically designed to create flow asymmetry without any moving parts. When we print the biomimetic models in elastomeric materials so that flow can couple to the structure's shape, flow asymmetry is significantly amplified; it is 7-fold larger in deformable structures than in rigid structures. Last, we 3D-print deformable versions of the intestine of a dogfish shark, based on a tomogram of a biological sample. This biomimic produces flow asymmetry comparable to traditional Tesla valves. The ability to influence the direction of a flow through a structure has applications in biological tissues and artificial devices across many scales, from large industrial pipelines to small microfluidic devices.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, SI (10 S. figures)
UNLOCKING KNOWLEDGE: Academic Libraries' Contributions to Open Science Initiatives in the US
Creators: name: Scotti, Kristen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: open science
open access
open data
libraries
united states
data management
open research
sustainable development goals
SDG
open knowledge
DEI

description: Open Science is a revolutionary, global movement that seeks to enhance research transparency, collaboration, and accessibility throughout the research lifecycle. Academic libraries play a central role in this transformation, as they support Open Science by offering innovative services, resources, and guidance for researchers. This study focuses on the evolving contributions of academic libraries across the United States in advancing open initiatives. Drawing from a systematized review of over 3,000 papers, our research charts the contributions of US academic libraries to the Open Science landscape. This talk provides insights into the diverse range of initiatives undertaken by these institutions to promote open research practices. While prior reviews have explored the involvement of academic libraries in Open Science on a global scale, this study fills a gap in the literature with a focused examination of the US context. Our analysis identifies key factors influencing Open Science endeavors within US institutions, including disparities in access to resources and institutional support. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for devising tailored strategies that address the specific challenges and opportunities present across the US academic community. By mapping library contributions to Open Science, our study aims to inform best practices while also identifying areas of opportunity for collaboration and innovation. These findings can help cultivate an ecosystem where open research practices thrive across disciplines and institutions, ultimately benefiting the entire scholarly community.
General Electronic Structure Calculation Method for Twisted Systems
Creators: name: Yu, Junxi
name: Qian, Shifeng
name: Liu, Cheng-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, two-dimensional twisted systems have gained increasing attention. However, the calculation of electronic structures in twisted material has remained a challenge. To address this, we have developed a general computational methodology that can generate twisted geometries starting from monolayer structure and obtain the precisely relaxed twisted structure through a machine learning-based method. Then the electronic structure properties of the twisted material are calculated using tight-Binding (TB) and continuum model methods, thus the entire process requires minimal computational resources. In this paper, we first introduce the theoretical methods for generating twisted structures and computing their electronic properties. We then provide calculations and brief analyses of the electronic structure properties for several typical two-dimensional materials with different characteristics. This work serves as a solid foundation for researchers interested in studying twisted systems.
description: 13 pages, 14 figures
Helicity modulus in the bilayer XY model by worm algorithm
Creators: name: Masini, A.
name: Cuccoli, A.
name: Rettori, A.
name: Trombettoni, A.
name: Cinti, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The behaviour of the helicity modulus has been frequently employed to investigate the onset of the topological order characterizing the low-temperature phase of the two-dimensional XY-model. We here present how the analysis based on the use of this key quantity can be applied to the study of the properties of coupled layers. To this aim, we first discuss how to extend the popular worm algorithm to a layered sample, and in particular to the evaluation of the longitudinal helicity, that we introduce taking care of the fact that the virtual twist representing the elastic deformation one applies to properly define the helicity modulus can act on a single layer or on all of them. We then apply the method to investigate the bilayer XY-model, showing how the helicity modulus can be used to determine the phase diagram of the model as a function of temperature and inter-layer coupling strength
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
About the generalized Hamming weights of matrix-product codes
Creators: name: San-José, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 94B05 (Primary) 94B65, 11T71 (Secondary)

description: We derive a general lower bound for the generalized Hamming weights of nested matrix-product codes, with a particular emphasis on the cases with two and three constituent codes. We also provide an upper bound which is reminiscent of the bounds used for the minimum distance of matrix-product codes. When the constituent codes are two Reed-Solomon codes, we obtain an explicit formula for the generalized Hamming weights of the resulting matrix-product code. We also deal with the non-nested case for the case of two constituent codes.
Subject Headings for the Colombian Conflict: The Case of a Digital Collection within the Medellín Public Library System Catalog
Creators: name: Información, conocimiento y sociedad, Grupo de investigación
name: Restrepo Fernández, Maria Camila
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 461005
subject: Informetrics
classificationCode: 461006
subject: Library studies
classificationCode: 461002
subject: Human information behaviour

description: Abstract: This article presents the importance of cataloging in the ­representation of knowledge of the Colombian conflict. The case of the Sistema de Bibliotecas Públicas de Medellín (SBPM) is reviewed with reference to the content and cataloging of its digital collection, “Voces que construyen tejido.” Subject headings developed by catalogers specific to the Colombian conflict, are extracted and analyzed as to frequency of occurrence. A proposal for the construction of a controlled vocabulary for the theme of armed conflict in cooperation with victims of violence is discussed.
THE ROLE OF PEDAGOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF IDEOLOGICAL IMMUNITY IN THE ERA OF THE THIRD RENAISSANCE IN UZBEKISTAN
Creators: name: Rozubayeva Mokhinur Tursunbayevna 4th year student of the Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology of TSPU  named after Nizami, a youth activist
name: Normurodov Makhmud Shavkatovich  3rd year student of the Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology of TSPU  named after Nizami
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In recent years, the problem of ideological immunity has become more and more urgent all over the world, which, of course, makes us think about methods to eradicate this problem. All these reflections lead us to a certain question: "What is the essence of ideological immunity?" The main and first element of ideological immunity is knowledge.  The second main part of the system of ideological immunity is the system of values formed on the basis of such knowledge.
Supplementary document for Optical force calculation in the ray-optics regime for beam with arbitrary complex amplitude profiles - 5964390.pdf
Creators: name: Malik, Karuna
name: Boruah, Bosanta
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Optical Physics not elsewhere classified

description: Supplement 1: A) Further explanation of experimental observations and B) More on comparison of the proposed method with other methods
Verifying the analogy between transversely coupled spin-1/2 systems and inductively-coupled fluxoniums
Creators: name: Lin, Wei-Ju
name: Cho, Hyunheung
name: Chen, Yinqi
name: Vavilov, Maxim G.
name: Wang, Chen
name: Manucharyan, Vladimir E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a detailed characterization of two inductively coupled superconducting fluxonium qubits for implementing high-fidelity cross-resonance gates. Our circuit stands out because it behaves very closely to the case of two transversely coupled spin-1/2 systems. In particular, the generally unwanted static ZZ-term due to the non-computational transitions is nearly absent despite a strong qubit-qubit hybridization. Spectroscopy of the non-computational transitions reveals a spurious LC-mode arising from the combination of the coupling inductance and the capacitive links between the terminals of the two qubit circuits. Such a mode has a minor effect on our specific device, but it must be carefully considered for optimizing future designs.
Super-Optimal Charging of Quantum Batteries via Reservoir Engineering
Creators: name: Ahmadi, Borhan
name: Mazurek, Paweł
name: Barzanjeh, Shabir
name: Horodecki, Paweł
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energy dissipation, typically considered an undesirable process, has recently been shown to be harnessed as a resource to optimize the performance of a quantum battery. Following this perspective, we introduce a novel technique of charging in which coherent charger-battery interaction is replaced by a dissipative interaction via an engineered shared reservoir. We demonstrate that exploiting collective effects of the engineered shared reservoir allows for extra optimization giving rise to optimal redistribution of energy, which leads to a significant enhancement in the efficiency of the charging process. The article unveils the intricacies of built-in detuning within the context of a shared environment, offering a deeper understanding of the charging mechanisms involved. These findings apply naturally to quantum circuit battery architectures, suggesting the feasibility of efficient energy storage in these systems. Moreover, the super-optimal charging offers a practical justification for charger-battery configurations.
Supplementary material for NZJG-2021-0047
Creators: name: Whitehead, Melody
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 40314 Volcanology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Supplementary material for NZJG-2021-0047
 An initial assessment of short-term eruption forecasting options in New Zealand There are currently no quantitative short-term eruption forecasts based on peer-reviewed and validated models that are operational for New Zealand’s volcanoes. Specific forecasts produced for work-risk assessments are not generally publicised. During a volcanic crisis, eruption forecasts are demanded under high stress and time-restricted conditions. Many forecasting options exist but none are proven as universally viable, with testing and calibration limited to the hindcasting of specific events. Here, we compare the requirements six methods with currently available data and monitoring capabilities at each of New Zealand’s volcanoes to determine which methods are currently feasible, as well as those options that may be implemented with additional effort or equipment. In New Zealand, the major limiting factor in method selection is the low number of past instrumentally monitored eruptions. This data gap may be filled by carefully selected analogue data from a global volcano set and expert knowledge. Event trees and the failure forecasting method may be set up at most volcanoes with minimal effort, but the latter can only forecast eruption onset time. Expert interpretation is the only method available in New Zealand for any forecast output type.
A Two-Stage Imaging Framework Combining CNN and Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Full-Inverse Tomography: A Case Study in Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)
Creators: name: Yang, Xuanxuan
name: Zhang, Yangming
name: Chen, Haofeng
name: Ma, Gang
name: Wang, Xiaojie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a highly ill-posed inverse problem, with the challenge of reconstructing internal conductivities using only boundary voltage measurements. Although Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have shown potential in solving inverse problems, existing approaches are limited in their applicability to EIT, as they often rely on impractical prior knowledge and assumptions that cannot be satisfied in real-world scenarios. To address these limitations, we propose a two-stage hybrid learning framework that combines Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and PINNs. This framework integrates data-driven and model-driven paradigms, blending supervised and unsupervised learning to reconstruct conductivity distributions while ensuring adherence to the underlying physical laws, thereby overcoming the constraints of existing methods.
3D Adaptive VEM with stabilization-free a posteriori error bounds
Creators: name: Berrone, Stefano
name: Fassino, Davide
name: Vicini, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N30, 65N50

description: The present paper extends the theory of Adaptive Virtual Element Methods (AVEMs) to the three-dimensional meshes showing the possibility to bound the stabilization term by the residual-type error estimator. This new bound enables a stabilization-free a posteriori control for the energy error. Following the recent studies for the bi-dimensional case, we investigate the case of tetrahedral elements with aligned edges and faces. We believe that the AVEMs can be an efficient strategy to address the mesh conforming requirements of standard three-dimensional Adaptive Finite Element Methods (AFEMs), which typically extend the refinement procedure to non-marked mesh cells. Indeed, numerical tests on the Fichera corner shape domain show that this method can reduce the number of three-dimensional cells generated in the refinement process by about 30% with compared to standard AFEMs, for a given error threshold.
Preparation of high fidelity entangled cat states with composite pulses
Creators: name: Gu, Ge-Ge
name: Li, Dong-Sheng
name: Chen, Ye-Hong
name: Huang, Bi-Hua
name: Xia, Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a protocol for the preparation of high-fidelity entangled cat states with composite pulses. The physical model contains two Kerr-nonlinear resonators and a cavity. By properly designing the parameters, each Kerr-nonlinear resonator is confined in the cat-state subspace and the entangled cat states can be generated efficiently. We introduce composite two-photon drives with multiple amplitudes and frequencies to improve the fidelity of the entangled cat states in the presence of parameter errors. The performance of the protocol is estimated by taking into account the parametric errors and decoherence. Numerical simulation results show that the protocol is insensitive to timing error and detuning error, and has strong robustness to decoherence. We hope the protocol may provide a method for preparing stable entangled cat states.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, comments are welcome
LightViz: Autonomous Light-field Surveying and Mapping for Distributed Light Pollution Monitoring
Creators: name: Huang, Sheng-En
name: Suhi, Kazi Farha Farzana
name: Islam, Md Jahidul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Existing technologies for distributed light-field mapping and light pollution monitoring (LPM) rely on either remote satellite imagery or manual light surveying with single-point sensors such as SQMs (sky quality meters). These modalities offer low-resolution data that are not informative for dense light-field mapping, pollutant factor identification, or sustainable policy implementation. In this work, we propose LightViz -- an interactive software interface to survey, simulate, and visualize light pollution maps in real-time. As opposed to manual error-prone methods, LightViz (i) automates the light-field data collection and mapping processes; (ii) provides a platform to simulate various light sources and intensity attenuation models; and (iii) facilitates effective policy identification for conservation. To validate the end-to-end computational pipeline, we design a distributed light-field sensor suit, collect data on Florida coasts, and visualize the distributed light-field maps. In particular, we perform a case study at St. Johns County in Florida, which has a two-decade conservation program for lighting ordinances. The experimental results demonstrate that LightViz can offer high-resolution light-field mapping and provide interactive features to simulate and formulate community policies for light pollution mitigation. We also propose a mathematical formulation for light footprint evaluation, which we integrated into LightViz for targeted LPM in vulnerable communities. A test-case of the LightViz software release is available at: https://github.com/uf-robopi/LightViz.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures
aUPaEU D4.1 Inventory, Action Plan and preliminary Set of Business Processes
Creators: name: Anger, Michael
name: Kramer, Claudia
name: Wedlich-Zachodin, Kerstin Vanessa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The purpose of this three-part-deliverable is threefold. First, it provides an inventory of operating acceleration services at Unite! and EPICUR partner universities. Second, it displays and explains the business processes that are part of the Agora platform. Third, it offers an action plan for the implementation of the Higher Education Transformation Agenda.
Investigating the hyperfine systematic error and relative phase in low spin-polarization alkali FID magnetometers
Creators: name: Hewatt, D. P.
name: Ellmeier, M.
name: Kiehl, C.
name: Menon, T. S.
name: Pollock, J. W.
name: Regal, C. A.
name: Knappe, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Alkali-metal optically-pumped magnetometers are prone to inaccuracies arising from the overlap of the average F = I + 1/2 and F = I - 1/2 ground-state Zeeman resonances. We employ density-matrix simulations and experiments to investigate how this hyperfine systematic error varies with spin polarization in a $^{87}$Rb free-induction-decay (FID) magnetometer. At low spin polarizations, ($P \leq 0.5$), this effect causes single-frequency magnetic-field extraction techniques to exhibit inaccuracies up to approximately 3.5 nT. Density-matrix simulations reveal that this bias can be traced to the relative amplitude and phase between the F = I $\pm$ 1/2 hyperfine ground-state manifolds in the FID spin precession signal. We show that this systematic error can be mitigated using either a double-frequency fitting model that accounts for the relative amplitude and phase or synchronous-pulse pumping, that minimizes the F = 1 contribution to the FID signal. Theoretical simulations predict accuracies within 0.5 nT for both techniques across a wide range of spin polarizations, suggesting a sevenfold enhancement over single-frequency extraction methods. Our experiments validate this, showcasing a variation in the extracted field below 1 nT, a 3.5-fold improvement compared to single-frequency extraction methods. Furthermore, the mitigation techniques demonstrate agreement of the extracted magnetic field within 1.5 nT.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
ANALYSIS OF IoT AND MACHINE LEARNING FOR COMMUNITY HEALTH IMPROVEMENT REAL-TIME APPLICATION FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Creators: name: Jagdish Makhijani
name: Varsha D. Jadhav
name: K. Vimala Devi
name: S. Gayathri
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: IoT, Deep Learning, Healthcare, Rural Development, Sensor Data.

description: Abstract

This research aims at enhancing the methodologies and procedures of a community health problem-solving approach through an integration with newly developed technologies using devices produced by Internet of Things (IoT). The objective of this research is to develop and test machine learning models for predicting patient clinical outcomes based on temperature, pressure, blood glucose and heart rate sensor data. In this research four machine learning models used Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT) and Naive Bayes (NB) on a dataset of sensor readings from 10 patients over time. A set of 2100 readings are divided into training and testing sets, with a ratio that utilizes 70% of the data for training and the remaining 30% to testing. The performance of the models in terms of predicting patient health outcomes is evaluated using a number of metrics including accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score. A comparison of sensitivity, specificity accuracy and AUC between the ANN approach (97.6% in average), SVM model at 93.4%, DT with the lowest value at 90.25% and NB (mean: 88.56%). For the active surveillance of rural areas, an ANN model excelling in capturing complex data patterns have been considered as the best suited with enhanced accuracy and robustness.
Supplementary document for Optical force calculation in the ray-optics regime for beam with arbitrary complex amplitude profiles - 5964390.pdf
Creators: name: Malik, Karuna
name: Boruah, Bosanta
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Optical Physics not elsewhere classified

description: Supplement 1: A) Further explanation of experimental observations and B) More on comparison of the proposed method with other methods