cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Multimodal non-invasive assessment of intracranial hypertension: an observational study
Creators: name: Robba, Chiara
name: Pozzebon, Selene
name: Bedrana Moro
name: Jean-Louis Vincent
name: Creteur, Jacques
name: Taccone, Fabio Silvio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1 Supplemental Table 1. Number of abnormal values for each monitoring tool, according to the different forms of brain injury. Supplemental Figure 1. Correlations and Bland-Altman graphs for ICP and estimated ICP (eCIP). The continuous line shows the mean difference (bias) and the dotted lines show the limits of agreement (2.2 ± SD of the bias). Supplemental Figure 2. Correlations and Bland-Altman graphs for ICP and estimated ICP (eCIP). The continuous line shows the mean difference (bias) and the dotted lines show the limits of agreement (2.2 ± SD of the bias). The mean bias between ICP and eICP were: − 1.37 mmHg (LoA − 21.78 to 19.05 mmHg) for TBI; − 0.68 mmHg (LoA − 19.67 to 18.30 mmHg) for SAH; − 3.91 mmHg (LoA − 21.36 to 13.54 mmHg) for ICH.
Irrigation Restriction and Biomass Market Interactions: The Case of the Alluvial Aquifer
Creators: name: Popp, Michael P.
name: Nalley, Lawton Lanier
name: Vickery, Gina B.
name: Popp, Michael P.
name: Nalley, Lawton Lanier
name: Vickery, Gina B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Political Economy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: biomass crops
subject: ground water irrigation
subject: spatial income redistribution
subject: sustainability

description: The U.S. Geological Survey has determined that irrigation in Arkansas’ Delta is unsustainable. This study examines how irrigation restrictions would affect county net returns to crop production. It also considers the effect of planting less water-intensive bioenergy crops—switchgrass and forage sorghum—in the event biofuel markets become a reality. Results suggest that sustainable irrigation restrictions without bioenergy crops would decrease producer returns by 28% in the region. Introducing these alternative crops would both reduce groundwater use and may restore state producer returns, albeit with significant spatial income redistribution to crop production throughout the state.
Wheat Variety Selection to Maximize Returns and Minimize Risk: An Application of Portfolio Theory
Creators: name: Barkley, Andrew P.
name: Peterson, Hikaru Hanawa
name: Shroyer, James
name: Barkley, Andrew P.
name: Peterson, Hikaru Hanawa
name: Shroyer, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Production Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: portfolio theory
subject: wheat variety selection

description: This research shows that a portfolio of wheat varieties could enhance profitability and reduce risk over the selection of a single variety for Kansas wheat producers. Many Kansas wheat farmers select varieties solely based on published average yields. This study uses portfolio theory from business investment analysis to find the optimal, yield-maximizing and risk-minimizing combination of wheat varieties in Kansas.
Integrating Invasive Species Prevention and Control Policies
Creators: name: Livingston, Michael J.
name: Osteen, Craig D.
name: Livingston, Michael J.
name: Osteen, Craig D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: agricultural economics
subject: invasive species
subject: management programs
subject: pests
subject: plant diseases
subject: foreign pests
subject: trade
subject: production
subject: ERS
subject: USDA

description: Programs and policies to minimize the threat of, or mitigate the damages from, invasive species work best if designed in concert with each other. Whether program emphasis should be on prevention or control depends on the biological characteristics and size of the invasive species population, ecological characteristics of invaded ecosystems, the cost and efficacy of prevention measures relative to control measures, and the level of prevention costs borne abroad. Because all of these factors are highly variable, data needs are constant if intervention is to be both effective and economical.
Economic Linkages Between the WIC Program and the Farm Sector
Creators: name: Hanson, Kenneth
name: Oliveira, Victor
name: Hanson, Kenneth
name: Oliveira, Victor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Public Economics
subject: WIC
subject: WIC linkage to farm sector
subject: WIC food package
subject: Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program
subject: FANRP
subject: ERS
subject: USDA

description: In fiscal 2008, the $4.6 billion of food purchased with vouchers from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) generated $1.3 billion in farm revenue. Because WIC participants would have purchased some of these foods with their own money in the absence of the program, the net addition to farm revenue from WIC is estimated at $331 million and the net increase in full-time-equivalent farm jobs at 2,640. The study uses an Input-Output Multiplier Model to derive these estimates and assumes that recent revisions in the WIC food packages were implemented in all States in fiscal 2008.
WIC and the Battle Against Childhood Overweight
Creators: name: Ver Ploeg, Michele
name: Ver Ploeg, Michele
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: WIC
subject: children
subject: Body Mass Index
subject: overweight
subject: ERS
subject: USDA

description: One of the most worrisome aspects of the growing tide of obesity in the United States is the high rate of overweight among children. Over one in five young children, ages 2 to 5, are at risk of being overweight. The number of children at risk of being overweight has grown in the past two decades, as has the number of young children whose families participate in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Are these increases connected? The answer appears to be “No.” However, being from a low-income family, especially a low-income, Mexican-American family, does raise the probability of a child’s being at risk for overweight. This brief examines trends in the relationship between WIC participation and weight status by updating the results of Food and Nutrition Assistance Programs and Obesity: 1976-2002 (ERR-48) to include data from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Agricultural Land Tenure and Carbon Offsets
Creators: name: Claassen, Roger
name: Morehart, Mitchell J.
name: Claassen, Roger
name: Morehart, Mitchell J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Keywords: Climate change
subject: carbon sequestration
subject: carbon offsets
subject: cap and trade programs
subject: farmland ownership
subject: tenure
subject: farming practices
subject: conservation practices
subject: Conservation Reserve Program
subject: crops
subject: livestock
subject: environmental services
subject: ERS
subject: USDA

description: Agricultural Land Tenure and Carbon Offsets examines the potential role that land ownership might play in determining the agricultural sector’s involvement in carbon sequestration programs. By estimating the carbon sequestration potential of agricultural producers who own most of the land they operate, this report finds that land ownership should not be a constraining factor in agriculture’s ability to provide carbon offsets.
Tunable Phases of Moiré Excitons in van der Waals Heterostructures
Creators: name: Brem, Samuel
name: Linderälv, Christopher
name: Erhart, Paul
name: Malic, Ermin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stacking monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides into a heterostructure with a finite twist-angle gives rise to artificial moiré superlattices with a tunable periodicity. As a consequence, excitons experience a periodic potential, which can be exploited to tailor optoelectronic properties of these materials. While recent experimental studies have confirmed twist-angle dependent optical spectra, the microscopic origin of moiré exciton resonances has not been fully clarified yet. Here, we combine first principle calculations with the excitonic density matrix formalism to study transitions between different moiré exciton phases and their impact on optical properties of the twisted MoSe$_2$/WSe$_2$ heterostructure. At angles smaller than 2$^{\circ}$ we find flat, moiré trapped states for inter- and intralayer excitons. This moiré exciton phase drastically changes into completely delocalized states already at 3$^{\circ}$. We predict a linear and quadratic twist-angle dependence of excitonic resonances for the moiré-trapped and delocalized exciton phase, respectively. Our work provides microscopic insights opening the possibility to tailor moiré exciton phases in van der Waals superlattices.
Rural America At A Glance, 2009 Edition
Creators: name: Kusmin, Lorin D.
name: Kusmin, Lorin D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Rural indicators
subject: population
subject: housing markets
subject: employment
subject: rural unemployment
subject: nonmetropolitan
subject: nonmetro
subject: rural economy
subject: metro
subject: rural America
subject: census data
subject: population growth
subject: unemployment
subject: poverty
subject: demographics
subject: ERS
subject: USDA

description: Update of an annual series, the 2009 edition of Rural America At A Glance deals with effects of the major recession on rural America. Initially, effects of the recession were mitigated in nonmetro areas by high commodity prices throughout much of 2008, but as the recession deepened, prices fell. Both nonmetro and metro areas experienced rising unemployment as manufacturing and other major employment sectors contracted, and they were similarly affected by the mortgage foreclosure crisis. However, even before the current recession, nonmetro poverty rates had risen in the growth years after the 2001 recession, against the usual trend during a time of economic expansion; the nonmetro poverty rate has exceeded the national poverty rate since 2001. The nonmetro population continued to grow in 2007 and 2008, but at less than half the rate of the metro population. Nonmetro growth is largely due to a rise in births, offsetting a decline in net migration from metro to nonmetro areas.
Rural Broadband At A Glance, 2009 Edition
Creators: name: Stenberg, Peter L.
name: Low, Sarah A.
name: Stenberg, Peter L.
name: Low, Sarah A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Keywords: Internet
subject: broadband
subject: high-speed internet
subject: telemedicine
subject: rural
subject: urban
subject: Census data
subject: Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS)
subject: ERS
subject: USDA

description: Three-quarters of U.S. residents used the Internet to access information, education, and services in 2007. Broadband Internet access is becoming essential for both businesses and households; many compare its evolution to other technologies now considered common necessities—such as cars, electricity, televisions, microwave ovens, and cell phones. Although rural residents enjoy widespread access to the Internet, they are less likely to have high-speed, or broadband, Internet access than their urban counterparts. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the difference in access may lie in the higher cost and limited availability of broadband Internet in rural areas. As a result, rural residents depend more on Internet use outside of the home, in places like the library, school, and work, where broadband Internet access is available.
Quark--antiquark states and their radiative transitions in terms of the spectral integral equation. {\Huge I.} Bottomonia
Creators: name: Anisovich, V. V.
name: Dakhno, L. G.
name: Matveev, M. A.
name: Nikonov, V. A.
name: Sarantsev, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of the spectral integral equation, we consider the $b\bar b$ states and their radiative transitions. We reconstruct the $b\bar b$ interaction on the basis of data for the levels of the bottomonium states with $J^{PC}=0^{-+}$, $1^{--}$, $0^{++}$, $1^{++}$, $2^{++}$ as well as the data for the radiative transitions $Υ(3S) \toγχ_{bJ}(2P) $ and $Υ(2S) \toγχ_{bJ}(1P) $ with $J=0,1,2$. We calculate bottomonium levels with the radial quantum numbers $n\le 6$, their wave functions and corresponding radiative transitions. The ratios $Br[χ_{bJ}(2P)\toγΥ(2S)]/Br[χ_{bJ}(2P)\toγΥ(1S)]$ for $J=0,1,2$ are found in the agreement with data. We determine the $b\bar b$ component of the photon wave function using the data for the $e^+e^-$ annihilation, $e^+e^- \toΥ(9460)$, $Υ(10023)$, $Υ(10036)$, $Υ(10580)$, $ Υ(10865)$, $Υ(11019)$, and predict partial widths of the two-photon decays $η_{b0}\to\ggam$, $χ_{b0}\to\ggam$, $χ_{b2}\to\ggam$ for the radial excitation states below $B\bar B$ threshold ($n\le 3$).
description: 43 pages, 13 figures
Rural America At A Glance, 2008 Edition
Creators: name: Kusmin, Lorin D.
name: Kusmin, Lorin D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Rural indicators
subject: population
subject: employment
subject: rural unemployment
subject: nonmetropolitan
subject: nonmetro
subject: rural economy
subject: metro
subject: rural America
subject: census data
subject: population growth
subject: unemployment
subject: poverty
subject: demographics
subject: ERS
subject: USDA

description: Rural America At A Glance, 2008 Edition highlights the most recent indicators of social and economic conditions in rural areas for use in developing policies and programs to assist rural areas. The 2008 edition focuses on employment, poverty, population change, and demographic characteristics of nonmetro areas.
Knot Complement, ADO-Invariants and their Deformations for Torus Knots
Creators: name: Chae, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A relation between the two-variable series knot invariant and the Akutus-Deguchi-Ohtsuki(ADO)-invariant was conjectured recently. We reinforce the conjecture by presenting explicit formulas and/or an algorithm for certain ADO-invariants of torus knots obtained from the series invariant of complement of a knot. Furthermore, one parameter deformation of ADO_3-polynomial of torus knots is provided.
description: The published version of the paper
One Ring to Rule Them All ... and in the Darkness Bind Them?
Creators: name: Bena, Iosif
name: Warner, Nicholas P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct all eleven-dimensional, three-charge BPS solutions that preserve a fixed, standard set of supersymmetries. Our solutions include all BPS three-charge rotating black holes, black rings, supertubes, as well as arbitrary superpositions of these objects. We find very large families of black rings and supertubes with profiles that follow arbitrary closed curves in the spatial R^4 transverse to the branes. The black rings copiously violate black hole uniqueness. The supertube solutions are completely regular, and generically have small curvature. They also have the same asymptotics as the three-charge black hole; and so they might be mapped to microstates of the D1-D5-p system and used to explain the entropy of this black hole.
description: 25 pages, LaTeX; v2 - citations added, typos corrected
Rural America At A Glance, 2007 Edition
Creators: name: Kusmin, Lorin D.
name: Kusmin, Lorin D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: rural indicators
subject: population growth
subject: employment
subject: rural unemployment
subject: rural economy
subject: nonmetro
subject: metro
subject: creative occupations
subject: rural America
subject: natural amenities
subject: census data
subject: educational attainment
subject: college education
subject: poverty
subject: domestic migration
subject: ERS
subject: USDA

description: Rural America At A Glance, 2007 highlights the most recent indicators of social and economic conditions in rural areas for use in developing policies and programs to assist rural areas. The brochure provides information on key rural conditions and trends for use by public and private decisionmakers and others involved in efforts to enhance the economic opportunities and quality of life for rural people and their communities.
A comparison study of supervised learning techniques for the approximation of high dimensional functions and feedback control
Creators: name: Oster, Mathias
name: Saluzzi, Luca
name: Wenzel, Tizian
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2024
Subjects: High-Dimensionality
Kernel Methods
Neural Networks
Optimal Control
Tensor Trains

description: 29 Seiten (2024). doi:10.48550/arXiv.2402.01402
A Dynamical Cosmological Term from the Verlinde's Maps
Creators: name: Correa-Borbonet, L. Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter it is proposed another generalization of the Verlinde's maps for the case $Λ\neq 0$. Thermodynamical arguments combined with this proposal conduce to a inverse square-law cosmological term behavior.
description: 7 pages, minor changes added. v3: Minor changes in title, content and style; acknowledgments and references added; v4 Minor changes and references added
Light-induced structural transformations in a single gallium nanoparticulate
Creators: name: Soares, B. F.
name: MacDonald, K. F.
name: Fedotov, V. A.
name: Zheludev, N. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a single gallium nanoparticulate, self-assembled (from an atomic beam) in a nano-aperture at the tip of a tapered optical fiber, we have observed evidence for a sequence of reversible light-induced transformations between five different structural phases (gamma - epsilon - delta - beta - liquid), stimulated by optical excitation at nanowatt power levels.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, 19 references
Generating Functions For Kernels of Digraphs (Enumeration & Asymptotics for Nim Games)
Creators: name: Banderier, Cyril
name: Bars, Jean-Marie Le
name: Ravelomanana, Vlady
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this article, we study directed graphs (digraphs) with a coloring constraint due to Von Neumann and related to Nim-type games. This is equivalent to the notion of kernels of digraphs, which appears in numerous fields of research such as game theory, complexity theory, artificial intelligence (default logic, argumentation in multi-agent systems), 0-1 laws in monadic second order logic, combinatorics (perfect graphs)... Kernels of digraphs lead to numerous difficult questions (in the sense of NP-completeness, #P-completeness). However, we show here that it is possible to use a generating function approach to get new informations: we use technique of symbolic and analytic combinatorics (generating functions and their singularities) in order to get exact and asymptotic results, e.g. for the existence of a kernel in a circuit or in a unicircuit digraph. This is a first step toward a generatingfunctionology treatment of kernels, while using, e.g., an approach "a la Wright". Our method could be applied to more general "local coloring constraints" in decomposable combinatorial structures.
description: Presented (as a poster) to the conference Formal Power Series and Algebraic Combinatorics (Vancouver, 2004), electronic proceedings
Binary Lenses in OGLE-III EWS Database. Seasons 2002--2003
Creators: name: Jaroszynski, M.
name: Udalski, A.
name: Kubiak, M.
name: Szymanski, M.
name: Pietrzynski, G.
name: Soszynski, I.
name: Zebrun, K.
name: Szewczyk, O.
name: Wyrzykowski, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 15 binary lens candidates from OGLE-III Early Warning System database for seasons 2002-2003. We also found 15 events interpreted as single mass lensing of double sources. The candidates were selected by visual light curves inspection. Examining the models of binary lenses of this and our previous study (10 caustic crossing events of OGLE-II seasons 1997-1999) we find one case of extreme mass ratio binary (q ~ 0.005) and the rest in the range 0.1
description: 24 pages, Latex; extra column added to tables + minor corrections
Magnetic properties of antiferromagnetic quantum Heisenberg spin systems with a strict single particle site occupation
Creators: name: Dillenschneider, Raoul
name: Richert, Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We work out the magnetization and susceptibility of Heisenberg- and XXZ-model antiferromagnet spin-1/2 systems in $D$ dimensions under a rigorous constraint of single particle site occupancy. Quantum fluctuations are taken into account up to the first order in a loop expansion beyond the Néel state mean field solution. We discuss the results, their validity in the vicinity of the critical point and compare them with the results obtained by means of a spin wave approach.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
An open book decomposition compatible with rational contact surgery
Creators: name: Ozbagci, Burak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R17

description: We construct an open book decomposition compatible with a contact structure given by a rational contact surgery on a Legendrian link in the standard contact $S^3$. As an application we show that some rational contact surgeries on certain Legendrian knots induce overtwisted contact structures.
description: 13 pages
Rural Employment At A Glance
Creators: name: Kusmin, Lorin D.
name: Parker, Timothy S.
name: Kusmin, Lorin D.
name: Parker, Timothy S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: employment
subject: unemployment
subject: metro
subject: nonmetro
subject: rural
subject: urban
subject: earnings
subject: occupation
subject: employment growth
subject: unemployment rate

description: Rural Employment At A Glance is a six-page brochure that highlights the most recent indicators of employment and unemployment in rural areas. It documents changes and differences in metro and nonmetro employment growth, unemployment, earnings per job, and occupational mix, as well as differences across nonmetro areas by location and county type.
Data/moment-driven approaches for fast predictive control of collective dynamics
Creators: name: Albi, Giacomo
name: Bicego, Sara
name: Herty, Michael
name: Huang, Yuyang
name: Kalise, Dante
name: Segala, Chiara
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2024

description: 18 Seiten (2024). doi:10.48550/arXiv.2402.15611
Using participatory based mapping to identify links between special places ‘on country’ and Indigenous well-being: a case study of the Mullunburra-Yidinji people.
Creators: name: Delisle, Aurelie
name: Delisle, Aurelie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009

description: The standard way of reporting used by the Australian Bureau of Statistics does not accurately take into consideration all the aspects that contribute to Indigenous well-being, specifically environmental goods and services derived from the use of “country”. Using participatory mapping and an economics approach to measuring utility, this qualitative work provides information on the contribution which ecological factors make to the well-being of the Mullunburra-Yidinji people. Results show a link between the use of ‘country’ and wellbeing. These results are relevant to land use planners and highlight that indicators of wellbeing directly related to the environment should be included to measure Aboriginal wellbeing adequately.
Additional file 1 of Spatial conservation prioritisation in data-poor countries: a quantitative sensitivity analysis using multiple taxa
Creators: name: El-Gabbas, Ahmed
name: Gilbert, Francis
name: Dormann, Carsten F.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Additional Tables, Figure and Appendix.
Interferometrically estimating a quadratic form for any immanant of a matrix and its permutations
Creators: name: Khalique, Aeysha
name: de Guise, Hubert
name: Sanders, Barry C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We devise a multiphoton interferometry scheme for sampling a quadratic function of a specific immanant for any submatrix of a unitary matrix and its row permutations. The full unitary matrix describes a passive, linear interferometer, and its submatrix is used when photons enter in and are detected at subsets of possible input and output channels. Immanants are mathematical constructs that interpolate between the permanent and determinant; contrary to determinants and permanents, which have meaningful physical applications, immanants are devoid of physical meaning classically but here are shown to be meaningful in a quantum setting. Our quadratic form of immanants is sampled by injecting vacuum and single photons into interferometer input ports such that the photon arrival times are entangled, in contrast to previous methods that control arrival times without entangling. Our method works for any number of photons, and we solve explicitly the quadratic form for the two-, three- and four-photon cases.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Supply management, community food systems and the dairy industry in the Fraser Valley, British Columbia
Creators: name: Duncan, Judith A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: It has become increasingly obvious that a growing number of ecologically and socially destructive trends are linked to the global integration and commodification of agriculture systems and food. This thesis investigates the connections between ecological, and socio-economic, sustainability and Canada's supply management system. Supply management is a regulatory framework that, among other objectives, targets price and income stabilization for agricultural producers. Although supply management was not developed to promote sustainable development, it may be possible to use this institution to enhance environmental and social health. This thesis explores this possibility. Specifically I explore - through a Grounded Theory methodological approach involving qualitative in-depth interviews; and informal interviews - the ecological and socio-economic costs and benefits of supply management in the dairy industry in the Fraser Valley, British Columbia. Through this research, I found that supply management in the dairy industry has a greater potential to support the local economy and positively influence socio-economic equity than nonsupply managed regions such as the dairy industry in the western United States. I also discovered that these non-supply managed regions seem to experience a greater degree of surface and ground water contamination from dairy operations. This suggests that price instability may be a barrier to environmental stewardship; or, that income stabilization accorded by supply management has encouraged ecological sustainability. My analysis also reveals that the loss of supply management - in the current global trading environment - has the potential to result in a loss of domestic control over environmental health regulations. In conclusion, I suggest that the deregulation of supply management would quite likely represent a transfer of power from the local dairy farmer to international, and uncontrollable, forces. Consequently, any further policy adjustments toward deregulation should not be made until careful investigation of the ecological and socio-economic cost and benefits are evaluated on a qualitative level. I recommend that further research is necessary to clarify these indirect and direct connections between sustainability and supply management, and that coalitions between Community Food System advocates and supply management supporters would benefit both of these groups and the public at large.
Statistical field theory for simple fluids: the collective variables representation
Creators: name: Caillol, Jean-Michel
name: Patsahan, Oksana
name: Mryglod, Ihor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An alternative representation of an exact statistical field theory for simple fluids, based on the method of collective variables, is presented. The results obtained are examined from the point of another version of theory that was developed recently by performing a Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation of the configurational Boltzmann factor [J.-M. Caillol, Mol. Phys. 101 (2003) 1617]. The analytical expressions for the pressure and the free energy are derived in two-loop approximation for both versions of theory and it is shown that they are indeed equivalent.The results yield a new type approximation within an untested approximation scheme.
GeV emission of gamma-ray binary with pulsar scenario
Creators: name: Hu, Xingxing
name: Jumpei, Takata
name: Qingwen, Tang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study GeV emission from gamma-ray binaries by assuming that the compact object is a young pulsar. We assume that the relativistic unshocked pulsar wind with Lorentz factor of 10^4~5 can produce the GeV emission by the inverse-Compton scattering process in the dense soft-photon field of the companion star. The travel distance of the unshocked pulsar wind that moves toward the observer depends on the orbital phase of the pulsar. We discuss that the orbital modulation of the GeV emission is a result of combination of the effects of the travel distance of the unshocked pulsar wind and of the anisotropic soft-photon field of the companion star. In this paper, we study how the effect of the travel distance of the unshocked pulsar wind affects to the orbital modulation of GeV emission. We apply our scenario to two gamma-ray binaries, LMC P3 and 4FGL J1405.5-6119. We find that with the suggested system parameters of LMC P3, the observed amplitude of the orbital modulation and the peak width are more consistent with the model light curve by taking into account the effect of the travel distance. For LMC P3, we analyze the GeV spectrum with 8-years Fermi-LAT data and discuss the broadband emission process in X-ray to TeV energy bands. We predict a possible system geometry for 4FGL J1405.5-6119 by fitting the GeV light curve. Key words: shock waves, gamma-rays: stars, stars: massive stars: mass-loss, stars: neutron
description: 13 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Favoritism and allocative efficiency: a game theoretic approach
Creators: name: Farida, Moe
name: Ahmadi-Esfahani, Fredoun Z.
name: Farida, Moe
name: Ahmadi-Esfahani, Fredoun Z.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: favoritism
subject: allocative efficiency
subject: bribery game.

description: This paper seeks to investigate the interaction between favoritism and allocative efficiency. The issue of whether corruption distorts allocative efficiency in a bribery game under a pre-existing environment of alleged favoritism is considered. It is demonstrated that if there is no unambiguous favoritism, observed favoritism in bribery game may disrupt allocative efficiency. A bribery game under corruption and favoritism is developed. The model and some possible equilibria are discussed. A simple numerical example from Lebanon is also presented.
Sustainability comes to the mall : rethinking the Eastwood Towne Center
Creators: name: Smar, Matt
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The plans for a shopping mall under construction on a 192-acre site in Lansing Township, Ingham County, Michigan, United States were used as the basis of a design exploration into ways for improving the environmental and social sustainability of conventional malls. The exploration focused on four themes, specifically: Native plant materials; stormwater management^experiential qualities; and biodiversity. Literature on the use of these four themes to achieve sustainability goals was reviewed, and design precedents and projects that employed native plant materials, stormwater management, place experiential qualities, and biodiversity to improve environmental and social sustainability were examined. The literature on plant species native to the Ingham County area was researched to determine which species are suitable as landscape plant materials for shopping mall environments. A variety of interventions were proposed for managing stormwater runoff on the site, with an emphasis on soil infiltration as a management technique. Interventions were proposed to provide a pleasurable and comfortable experience for mall visitors, most notably summer shade for people and parked cars, ease of navigation and movement through the site for pedestrians and vehicles, and aesthetically pleasing plantings and architecture. Planted areas were designed to provide food and cover for wildlife common in the Ingham County area. The layout of the buildings and parking lots was designed to facilitate the future transformation of the shopping mall into a residential neighborhood, as a means of recycling developed land and limiting urban sprawl. Many of the interventions proposed were designed with the intention of revealing natural processes operating in the landscape, in the manner of the Eco-Revelatory design movement. This exploration demonstrated that it is possible to redesign a conventional shopping mall to make it a greater social asset to the community and less of an environmental liability.
Policy responses to invasive native species: issues of social and private benefits and costs
Creators: name: Farquharson, Robert J.
name: Kelly, Jason A.
name: Welsh, Pam
name: Mazur, Kasia
name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
name: Farquharson, Robert J.
name: Kelly, Jason A.
name: Welsh, Pam
name: Mazur, Kasia
name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Invasive native scrub
subject: environmental values
subject: choice modelling
subject: financial
subject: economic
subject: Namoi catchment

description: Farm and catchment managers in Australia face decisions about controlling invasive native species (or scrub) which may infest agricultural land. The treatment of this land to remove the infestation and re-establish native pastures is likely to be expensive for landholders. Yet there are potential social benefits from such remediation and so a policy question arises of what to do to about facilitating such change. New South Wales state government legislation addresses this issue through regulations, and the Catchment Management Authorities are responsible for administering public funds to achieve associated natural resource improvements. However, the extent of the private costs and social benefits associated with such changes are not known, which precludes benefit-cost analyses using the traditional welfare economics framework. This paper reports results of a social and private economic analysis of the impacts of a typical infestation remediation decision. We show that for the landholder the private costs exceed the benefits achieved from increased livestock productivity. However, there are social benefits expressed by the willingness to pay by members of the local catchment community for improvements in native vegetation and biodiversity. When these social benefits are included, the economic analysis shows a positive social net benefit. This raises questions of how to reconcile the public and private accounting, and whether any changes to policies, regulations or procedures for natural resource management in New South Wales are warranted.
QCD Dirac Spectra and the Toda Lattice
Creators: name: Splittorff, K.
name: Verbaarschot, J. J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the spectrum of the QCD Dirac operator both at zero and at nonzero baryon chemical potential. We show that, in the ergodic domain of QCD, the Dirac spectrum can be obtained from the replica limit of a Toda lattice equation. At zero chemical potential this method explains the factorization of known results into compact and noncompact integrals, and at nonzero chemical potential it allows us to derive the previously unknown microscopic spectral density.
description: 15 pages and 2 figures; Invited talk at Continous Advances in QCD 2004, Minneapolis, May 2004
Maximal axion misalignment from a minimal model
Creators: name: Huang, Junwu
name: Madden, Amalia
name: Racco, Davide
name: Reig, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The QCD axion is one of the best motivated dark matter candidates. The misalignment mechanism is well known to produce an abundance of the QCD axion consistent with dark matter for an axion decay constant of order $10^{12}$ GeV. For a smaller decay constant, the QCD axion, with Peccei-Quinn symmetry broken during inflation, makes up only a fraction of dark matter unless the axion field starts oscillating very close to the top of its potential, in a scenario called "large-misalignment". In this scenario, QCD axion dark matter with a small axion decay constant is partially comprised of very dense structures. We present a simple dynamical model realising the large-misalignment mechanism. During inflation, the axion classically rolls down its potential approaching its minimum. After inflation, the Universe reheats to a high temperature and a modulus (real scalar field) changes the sign of its minimum dynamically, which changes the sign of the mass of a vector-like fermion charged under QCD. As a result, the minimum of the axion potential during inflation becomes the maximum of the potential after the Universe has cooled through the QCD phase transition and the axion starts oscillating. In this model, we can produce QCD axion dark matter with a decay constant as low as $6\times 10^9\,{\rm GeV}$ and an axion mass up to 1 meV. We also summarise the phenomenological implications of this mechanism for dark matter experiments and colliders.
description: 35 pages, 9 figures, 1 table. v2: minor modifications, matches published version
Biosecurity Economics: Conflicting results in evaluation criteria
Creators: name: Goswami, Sarah L.
name: Goswami, Sarah L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Biosecurity economics
subject: eradication
subject: containment
subject: invasive species

description: Determining the optimal policy response to a species invasion is a multidimensional problem. The choice between eradication or containment has social, environmental, political and economic dimensions. Often, economic evaluation is used as a basis to underpin policy decisions. However, under certain conditions economic evaluation criteria may provide conflicting results. Deterministic factors, such as rate of spread, degree of damage and the time until detection, are derived for identifying when caution must be taken with the results of economic evaluation criteria. The conditions under which conflicting results may be obtained between NPV and BCR are identified and linked to policy implications.
Quantum fields, cosmological constant and symmetry doubling
Creators: name: Elze, Hans-Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energy-parity has been introduced by Kaplan and Sundrum as a protective symmetry that suppresses matter contributions to the cosmological constant [KS05]. It is shown here that this symmetry, schematically Energy --> - Energy, arises in the Hilbert space representation of the classical phase space dynamics of matter. Consistently with energy-parity and gauge symmetry, we generalize the Liouville operator and allow a varying gauge coupling, as in "varying alpha" or dilaton models. In this model, classical matter fields can dynamically turn into quantum fields (Schroedinger picture), accompanied by a gauge symmetry change -- presently, U(1) --> U(1) x U(1). The transition between classical ensemble theory and quantum field theory is governed by the varying coupling, in terms of a one-parameter deformation of either limit. These corrections introduce diffusion and dissipation, leading to decoherence.
description: Replaced by published version, no change in contents - Int. J. Theor. Phys. (2007)
Formation of "Blanets" from Dust Grains around the Supermassive Black Holes in Galaxies
Creators: name: Wada, Keiichi
name: Tsukamoto, Yusuke
name: Kokubo, Eiichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Wada, Tsukamoto, and Kokubo (2019), we proposed for the first time that a new class of planets, "blanets" (i.e., black hole planets), can be formed around supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the galactic center. Here, we investigate the dust coagulation processes and physical conditions of the blanet formation outside the snow line ($r_{snow} \sim $ several parsecs) in more detail, especially considering the effect of the radial advection of the dust aggregates. We found that a dimensionless parameter $α= v_t^2/c_s^2$, where $v_t$ is the turbulent velocity and $c_s$ is the sound velocity, describing the turbulent viscosity should be smaller than 0.04 in the circumnuclear disk, to prevent the destruction of the aggregates due to collisions. The formation timescale of blanets $τ_{GI}$ at $r_{snow}$ is, $τ_{GI} \simeq$ 70-80 Myr for $α= 0.01-0.04$ and $M_{BH} = 10^6 M_\odot$. The mass of the blanets ranges from $\sim 20 M_E$ to $3000 M_E$ in $r < 4$ pc for $α= 0.02$ ($M_E$ is the Earth mass), which is in contrast with $ 4 M_E-6 M_E$ for the case without the radial advection. Our results suggest that \textit{blanets} could be formed around relatively low-luminosity AGNs ($L_{bol} \sim 10^{42}$ erg s$^{-1}$) during their lifetime ($\lesssim 10^8$ yr).
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, accepted by ApJ
Additional file 1 of Impact of unhealthy lifestyle on cardiorespiratory fitness and heart rate recovery of medical science students
Creators: name: Lampson M. Fan
name: Collins, Adam
name: Geng, Li
name: Li, Jian-Mei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Activity & lifestyle questionnaire.
Non adoption of improved maize varieties in East Timor
Creators: name: Gregg, Daniel
name: Gregg, Daniel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009

description: East Timor formally obtained its independence in 2002 following a protracted period of occupation by Indonesia which ended in 1999. It was initially faced with a series of issues such as a low level of infrastructure, poor quality germplasm for the major staple crops, and being one of the world’s poorest nations (Piggin and Palmer, 2003). Many East Timorese experience annual periods of food shortage, sometimes exacerbated by droughts and pest damage (Piggin and Palmer, 2003). In response to a shortage of suitably adapted varieties for the major staple crops of East Timor, a project called Seeds of Life was developed in 2000 to locate and test local and international crop varieties with the aim of improving the germplasm stock in the country (Piggin and Palmer, 2003). Seeds of Life recruited willing farmers to participate in On-Farm Demonstration Trials (OFDTs) in 2006 which was hoped to result in independent replanting and seed dissemination by these participants to neighbouring farmers. Two international maize varieties were extended to participating farmers for trial – these were LYDMR (Late Yellow with Downy Mildew Resistance) and Suwan 5 (a popular Thai variety with Downy Mildew Resistance). Given the reported potential for the new varieties to increase farm maize yields, the self-selection of participants in the Seeds of Life program, and that the adoption process was only in its first phase, a significant proportion of non-adoption following OFDTs was observed (approximately 32% of participants). A survey conducted in 2007 provided data for the estimation of a binary probit regression model to assess the reasons for non-adoption. Results obtained corroborated the findings of Seeds of Life researchers prior to variety extension; yet initial testing of varieties did not explicitly involve the inclusion of factors that were considered likely to affect the utility of prospective adopters. Non-inclusion of factors relevant to household utility when assessing new crop varieties may lead to the selection of less than optimal varieties. Stochastic dominance methods are a potential solution to this issue allowing researchers to consider the impact of new crop varieties on household utility and thus adoption decisions prior to their extension. Stochastic dominance methods can be derived from the same utility maximisation framework as the probit regression model and easily incorporate non-normal distributions of returns. Their capabilities in assessing high numbers of potential innovations and their similarity in ease of application to existing methods such as mean-variance dominance analysis are also advantages. In this paper tests for stochastic dominance are retrospectively applied to the two introduced and the local maize varieties to demonstrate their application as a competitive and relevant ex ante technology assessment tool in developing countries.