cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Counterfactual P -Value Approach for Benefit-Risk Assessment in Clinical Trials
Creators: name: Jiang, Qi
name: Chen, Ming-Hui
name: Zeng, Donglin
name: Ke, Chunlei
name: Ding, Beiying
name: Wei, Rachel
name: Ibrahim, Joseph G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Clinical trials generally allow various efficacy and safety outcomes to be collected for health interventions. Benefit-risk assessment is an important issue when evaluating a new drug. Currently, there is a lack of standardized and validated benefit-risk assessment approaches in drug development due to various challenges. To quantify benefits and risks, we propose a counterfactual p-value (CP) approach. Our approach considers a spectrum of weights for weighting benefit-risk values and computes the extreme probabilities of observing the weighted benefit-risk value in one treatment group as if patients were treated in the other treatment group. The proposed approach is applicable to single benefit and single risk outcome as well as multiple benefit and risk outcomes assessment. In addition, the prior information in the weight schemes relevant to the importance of outcomes can be incorporated in the approach. The proposed counterfactual p-values plot is intuitive with a visualized weight pattern. The average area under CP (AUCP) and preferred probability over time are used for overall treatment comparison and a bootstrap approach is applied for statistical inference. We assess the proposed approach using simulated data with multiple efficacy and safety endpoints and compare its performance with a stochastic multi-criteria acceptability analysis (SMAA) approach.
The Use of Bayesian Hierarchical Models for Adaptive Randomization in Biomarker-Driven Phase II Studies
Creators: name: Barry, William T.
name: Ibrahim, Joseph G.
name: Perou, Charles M.
name: Carey, Lisa A.
name: Marcom, P. Kelly
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The role of biomarkers has increased in cancer clinical trials such that novel designs are needed to efficiently answer questions of both drug effects and biomarker performance. We advocate Bayesian hierarchical models for response-adaptive randomized phase II studies integrating single or multiple biomarkers. Prior selection allows one to control a gradual and seamless transition from randomized-blocks to marker-enrichment during the trial. Adaptive randomization is an efficient design for evaluating treatment efficacy within biomarker subgroups, with less variable final sample sizes when compared to nested staged designs. Inference based on the Bayesian hierarchical model also has improved performance in identifying the sub-population where therapeutics are effective over independent analyses done within each biomarker subgroup.
BARRIERS TO THE USE OF MODERN CONTRACEPTIVES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR WOMAN-CONTROLLED PREVENTION OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS IN MADAGASCAR
Creators: name: LOVANIAINA RABENJA, NY
name: RANDRIANASOLO, BODO
name: BELL, APRIL J.
name: SWEZEY, TERESA
name: BEHETS, FRIEDA
name: RAVELOMANANA, NORO
name: RAHARINIVO, MBOLATIANA
name: JAMIESON, DENISE
name: VAN DAMME, KATHLEEN
name: KHAN, MARIA R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Globally, unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) persist as significant threats to women’s reproductive health. Barriers to the use of modern contraceptives by women might inhibit uptake of novel woman-controlled methods for preventing STIs/HIV. Use of modern contraceptives and perceptions and attitudes towards contraceptive use were investigated among women in Antananarivo, Madagascar using qualitative research. The hypothetical acceptability of the diaphragm, a woman-controlled barrier contraceptive device that also holds promise of protecting against STI/HIV, was assessed. Women consecutively seeking care for vaginal discharge at a public health clinic were recruited for participation in a semi-structured interview (SSI) or focus group discussion (FGD). Audiotaped SSIs and FGDs were transcribed, translated, and coded for predetermined and emerging themes. Of 46 participating women, 70% reported occasional use of male condoms, mostly for preventing pregnancy during their fertile days. Although women could name effective contraceptive methods, only 14% reported using hormonal contraception. Three barriers to use of modern contraceptives emerged: gaps in knowledge about the range of available contraceptive methods; misinformation and negative perceptions about some methods; and concern about social opposition to contraceptive use, mainly from male partners. These results demonstrate the need for programs in both family planning and STI prevention to improve women’s knowledge of modern contraceptives and methods to prevent STI and to dispel misinformation and negative perceptions of methods. In addition, involvement of men will likely be a critical component of increased uptake of woman-controlled pregnancy and STI/HIV prevention methods and improved health.
Anisotropic Magnetic Turbulence in the Inner Heliosphere -- Radial Evolution of Distributions observed by Parker Solar Probe
Creators: name: Chhiber, Rohit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations from Parker Solar Probe's first five orbits are used to investigate the helioradial evolution of probability density functions (PDFs) of fluctuations of magnetic field components, between \(\sim 28\) - 200 \(\rs\). Transformation of the magnetic field vector to a local mean-field coordinate system permits examination of anisotropy relative to the mean magnetic field direction. Attention is given to effects of averaging-interval size. It is found that PDFs of the perpendicular fluctuations are well approximated by a Gaussian function, with the parallel fluctuations less so: kurtoses of the latter are generally larger than 10, and their PDFs indicate increasing skewness with decreasing distance \(r\) from the Sun, with the latter observation possibly explained by the increasing Alfvénicity of the fluctuations. The ratio of perpendicular to parallel variances is greater than unity; this variance anisotropy becomes stronger with decreasing \(r\). The ratio of the total rms fluctuation strength to the mean field magnitude decreases with decreasing \(r\), with a value \(\sim 0.8\) near 1 AU and \(\sim 0.5\) at 0.14 AU; the ratio is well approximated by a \(r^{1/4}\) power law. These findings improve our understanding of the radial evolution of turbulence in the solar wind, and have implications for related phenomena such as energetic-particle transport in the inner heliosphere.
Bulk Gauge Fields and Holographic RG from Exact RG
Creators: name: Dharanipragada, Pavan
name: Dutta, Semanti
name: Sathiapalan, Bala
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a method was described for deriving Holographic RG equation in $AdS_{D+1}$ space starting from an Exact RG equation of a $D$-dimensional boundary CFT (Sathiapalan, Sonoda, 2017). The evolution operator corresponding to the Exact RG equation was rewritten as a functional integral of a $D+1$ dimensional field theory in $AdS_{D+1}$ space. This method has since been applied to elementary scalars and composite scalars in the $O(N)$ model (Sathiapalan, 2020). In this paper, we apply this technique to the conserved vector current and the energy momentum tensor of a boundary CFT, the $O(N)$ model at a fixed point. These composite spin one and spin two operators are represented by auxiliary fields and extend into the bulk as gauge fields and metric perturbations. We obtain, at the free level, the (gauge fixed) Maxwell and Einstein actions. While the steps involved are motivated by the AdS/CFT correspondence, none of the steps logically require the AdS/CFT conjecture for their justification.
description: v3: added important references, and made precise a few vague statements regarding standard and alternate quantisations
MuSA: Multivariate Sampling Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks
Creators: name: Aquino, André L. L.
name: Junior, Orlando S.
name: Frery, Alejandro C.
name: de Albuquerque, Édler Lins
name: Mini, Raquel A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A wireless sensor network can be used to collect and process environmental data, which is often of multivariate nature. This work proposes a multivariate sampling algorithm based on component analysis techniques in wireless sensor networks. To improve the sampling, the algorithm uses component analysis techniques to rank the data. Once ranked, the most representative data is retained. Simulation results show that our technique reduces the data keeping its representativeness. In addition, the energy consumption and delay to deliver the data on the network are reduced.
AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ETHNIC DIVERSITY AND HIV PREVALENCE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Creators: name: BRODISH, PAUL HENRY
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: This paper investigates whether ethnic diversity at the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) cluster level predicts HIV serostatus in three sub-Saharan African countries (Kenya, Malawi, and Zambia), using DHS household survey and HIV biomarker data for men and women ages 15–59 collected since 2006.. The analysis relates a binary dependent variable (HIV positive serostatus) and a weighted aggregate predictor variable representing the number of different ethnic groups within a DHS Statistical Enumeration Area (SEA) or cluster, which roughly corresponds to a neighborhood. Multilevel logistic regression is used to predict HIV prevalence within each SEA, controlling for known demographic, social, and behavioral and predictors of HIV serostatus. The key finding was that the cluster-level ethnic diversity measure was a significant predictor of HIV serostatus in Malawi and Zambia but not in Kenya. Additional results reflected the heterogeneity of the epidemics: male gender, marriage (Kenya), number of extramarital partners in the past year (Kenya and Malawi, but likely confounded with younger age), and Muslim religion (Zambia) were associated with lower odds of positive HIV serostatus. Condom use at last intercourse (a spurious result likely reflecting endogeneity), STD in the past year, number of lifetime sexual partners, age (Malawi and Zambia), education (Zambia), urban residence (Malawi and Zambia), and employment (Kenya and Malawi) were associated with higher odds of positive serostatus. Future studies might continue to employ multilevel models and incorporate additional, more robust controls for individual behavioral risk factors and for higher-level social and economic factors, in order to verify and further clarify the association between neighborhood ethnic diversity and HIV serostatus.
The Great Dimming of Betelgeuse seen by the Himawari-8 meteorological satellite
Creators: name: Taniguchi, Daisuke
name: Yamazaki, Kazuya
name: Uno, Shinsuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Betelgeuse, one of the most studied red supergiant stars, dimmed in the optical by ~1.2 mag between late 2019 and early 2020, reaching an historical minimum called "the Great Dimming." Thanks to enormous observational effort to date, two hypotheses remain that can explain the Dimming: a decrease in the effective temperature and an enhancement of the extinction caused by newly produced circumstellar dust. However, the lack of multi-wavelength monitoring observations, especially in the mid infrared where emission from circumstellar dust can be detected, has prevented us from closely examining these hypotheses. Here we present 4.5-year, 16-band photometry of Betelgeuse between 2017-2021 in the 0.45-13.5 micron wavelength range making use of images taken by the Himawari-8 geostationary meteorological satellite. By examining the optical and near-infrared light curves, we show that both a decreased effective temperature and increased dust extinction may have contributed by almost the same amount to the Great Dimming. Moreover, using the mid-infrared light curves, we find that the enhanced circumstellar extinction actually contributed to the Dimming. Thus, the Dimming event of Betelgeuse provides us an opportunity to examine the mechanism responsible for the mass loss of red supergiants, which affects the fate of massive stars as supernovae.
description: 19 pages, 3+4+6 figures. Published open access in Nature Astronomy. The Himawari-8 light curves of Betelgeuse are available at https://d-taniguchi-astro.github.io/homepage/Data_Himawari_en.html
AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN NEIGHBOURHOOD WEALTH INEQUALITY AND HIV PREVALENCE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Creators: name: BRODISH, PAUL HENRY
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: This paper investigates whether community-level wealth inequality predicts HIV serostatus, using DHS household survey and HIV biomarker data for men and women ages 15-59 pooled from six sub-Saharan African countries with HIV prevalence rates exceeding five percent. The analysis relates the binary dependent variable HIV positive serostatus and two weighted aggregate predictors generated from the DHS Wealth Index: the Gini coefficient, and the ratio of the wealth of households in the top 20% wealth quintile to that of those in the bottom 20%. In separate multilevel logistic regression models, wealth inequality is used to predict HIV prevalence within each SEA, controlling for known individual-level demographic predictors of HIV serostatus. Potential individual-level sexual behavior mediating variables are added to assess attenuation, and ordered logit models investigate whether the effect is mediated through extramarital sexual partnerships. Both the cluster-level wealth Gini coefficient and wealth ratio significantly predict positive HIV serostatus: a 1 point increase in the cluster-level Gini coefficient and in the cluster-level wealth ratio is associated with a 2.35 and 1.3 times increased likelihood of being HIV positive, respectively, controlling for individual-level demographic predictors, and associations are stronger in models including only males. Adding sexual behavior variables attenuates the effects of both inequality measures. Reporting 11 plus lifetime sexual partners increases the odds of being HIV positive over five-fold. The likelihood of having more extramarital partners is significantly higher in clusters with greater wealth inequality measured by the wealth ratio. Disaggregating logit models by sex indicates important risk behavior differences. Household wealth inequality within DHS clusters predicts HIV serostatus, and the relationship is partially mediated by more extramarital partners. These results emphasize the importance of incorporating higher-level contextual factors, investigating behavioral mediators, and disaggregating by sex in assessing HIV risk in order to uncover potential mechanisms of action and points of preventive intervention
Carbon Explorer: A Holistic Approach for Designing Carbon Aware Datacenters
Creators: name: Acun, Bilge
name: Lee, Benjamin
name: Kazhamiaka, Fiodar
name: Maeng, Kiwan
name: Chakkaravarthy, Manoj
name: Gupta, Udit
name: Brooks, David
name: Wu, Carole-Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: C.0; B.0

description: Technology companies have been leading the way to a renewable energy transformation, by investing in renewable energy sources to reduce the carbon footprint of their datacenters. In addition to helping build new solar and wind farms, companies make power purchase agreements or purchase carbon offsets, rather than relying on renewable energy every hour of the day, every day of the week (24/7). Relying on renewable energy 24/7 is challenging due to the intermittent nature of wind and solar energy. Inherent variations in solar and wind energy production causes excess or lack of supply at different times. To cope with the fluctuations of renewable energy generation, multiple solutions must be applied. These include: capacity sizing with a mix of solar and wind power, energy storage options, and carbon aware workload scheduling. However, depending on the region and datacenter workload characteristics, the carbon-optimal solution varies. Existing work in this space does not give a holistic view of the trade-offs of each solution and often ignore the embodied carbon cost of the solutions. In this work, we provide a framework, Carbon Explorer, to analyze the multi-dimensional solution space by taking into account operational and embodided footprint of the solutions to help make datacenters operate on renewable energy 24/7. The solutions we analyze include capacity sizing with a mix of solar and wind power, battery storage, and carbon aware workload scheduling, which entails shifting the workloads from times when there is lack of renewable supply to times with abundant supply.
description: Published at ASPLOS'23: Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 2
Apparent counter-rotation in the torus of NGC 1068: influence of an asymmetric wind
Creators: name: Bannikova, Elena Yu.
name: Akerman, Nina A.
name: Capaccioli, Massimo
name: Berczik, Peter P.
name: Akhmetov, Volodymyr S.
name: Ishchenko, Maryna V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent ALMA maps together with observations of H$_2$O maser emission seem to suggest the presence of a counter-rotation in the obscuring torus of NGC 1068. We propose to explain this phenomenon as due to the influence of a wind, considered as radiation pressure, and the effects of torus orientation. In order to test this idea: 1. we make $N$-body simulation of a clumpy torus taking into account mutual forces between particles (clouds); 2. we apply ray-tracing algorithm with the beams from the central engine to choose the clouds in the torus throat that can be under direct influence of the accretion disk emission; 3. we use semi-analytical model to simulate the influence of the asymmetrical radiation pressure (wind) forced on the clouds in the torus throat. An axis of such a wind is tilted with respect to the torus symmetry axis; 4. we orient the torus relative to an observer and again apply ray-tracing algorithm. In this step the beams go from an observer to the optically thick clouds that allows us to take into account the mutual obscuration of clouds; 5. after projecting on the picture plane, we impose a grid on the resulting cloud distribution and find the mean velocity of clouds in each cells to mimic the ALMA observational maps. By choosing the parameters corresponding to NGC 1068 we obtain the model velocity maps that emulate the effect of an apparent counter-rotation and can explain the discovery made by ALMA.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Direct measurement of non-thermal electron acceleration from magnetically driven reconnection in a laboratory plasma
Creators: name: Chien, Abraham
name: Gao, Lan
name: Zhang, Shu
name: Ji, Hantao
name: Blackman, Eric G.
name: Daughton, William
name: Stanier, Adam
name: Le, Ari
name: Guo, Fan
name: Follett, Russ
name: Chen, Hui
name: Fiksel, Gennady
name: Bleotu, Gabriel
name: Cauble, Robert C.
name: Chen, Sophia N.
name: Fazzini, Alice
name: Flippo, Kirk
name: French, Omar
name: Froula, Dustin H.
name: Fuchs, Julien
name: Fujioka, Shinsuke
name: Hill, Kenneth
name: Klein, Sallee
name: Kuranz, Carolyn
name: Nilson, Philip
name: Rasmus, Alexander
name: Takizawa, Ryunosuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic reconnection is a ubiquitous astrophysical process that rapidly converts magnetic energy into some combination of plasma flow energy, thermal energy, and non-thermal energetic particles, including energetic electrons. Various reconnection acceleration mechanisms in different low-$β$ (plasma-to-magnetic pressure ratio) and collisionless environments have been proposed theoretically and studied numerically, including first- and second-order Fermi acceleration, betatron acceleration, parallel electric field acceleration along magnetic fields, and direct acceleration by the reconnection electric field. However, none of them have been heretofore confirmed experimentally, as the direct observation of non-thermal particle acceleration in laboratory experiments has been difficult due to short Debye lengths for \textit{in-situ} measurements and short mean free paths for \textit{ex-situ} measurements. Here we report the direct measurement of accelerated non-thermal electrons from low-$β$ magnetically driven reconnection in experiments using a laser-powered capacitor coil platform. We use kiloJoule lasers to drive parallel currents to reconnect MegaGauss-level magnetic fields in a quasi-axisymmetric geometry. The angular dependence of the measured electron energy spectrum and the resulting accelerated energies, supported by particle-in-cell simulations, indicate that the mechanism of direct electric field acceleration by the out-of-plane reconnection electric field is at work. Scaled energies using this mechanism show direct relevance to astrophysical observations. Our results therefore validate one of the proposed acceleration mechanisms by reconnection, and establish a new approach to study reconnection particle acceleration with laboratory experiments in relevant regimes.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Financing new ideas : evidence from Kickstarter campaigns
Creators: name: Serrano, Jonathan
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Crowdfunding
Entrepreneurship
Kickstarter
Financing ideas

description: In this dissertation, I study the crowdfunding market and the importance of access to financing for early stage entrepreneurs. Using a novel and rich dataset of crowdfunding projects from Kickstarter, the world's largest crowdfunding platform, I begin by showing that entrepreneurs who launch campaigns on days when many other entrepreneurs launch campaigns are less likely to reach their campaign funding goals and be funded. My evidence suggests that three main factors are responsible for this relationship: 1) capital supply, 2) capital allocation, and 3) investor limited attention. First, while the supply of capital increases with the number of campaigns launched, this increase is not enough to match the increase in the demand for capital. Second, crowdfunding campaigns that are very likely to succeed based on ex-ante characteristics are able to raise more financing at the expense of less promising campaigns. Third, this allocation is partly explained by investors' limited attention, which seem to cluster towards certain campaigns when their ability to screen projects suffers as the number of campaigns launched increases. In the second part of the dissertation, I exploit the source of luck-driven variation in funding outcome introduced by the number of campaigns launched to examine how access to external financing affects entrepreneurial success and future entrepreneurial activity. Using machine learning to match crowdfunding campaigns with a self-collected dataset of Amazon searches, I estimate a significant causal effect of crowdfunding on the likelihood that an entrepreneur commercializes their subject idea, becomes a serial entrepreneur, and successfully raises capital for future projects. My findings suggest that limited attention and capital supply play an important role in determining which projects receive crowdfunding and that funding success has a causal effect on different entrepreneurial outcomes.
Anomalous Floquet non-Hermitian skin effect in a ring resonator lattice
Creators: name: Gao, He
name: Xue, Haoran
name: Gu, Zhongming
name: Li, Linhu
name: Zhu, Weiwei
name: Su, Zhongqing
name: Zhu, Jie
name: Zhang, Baile
name: Chong, Y. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a one-dimensional coupled ring resonator lattice exhibiting a variant of the non- Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) that we call the anomalous Floquet NHSE. Unlike existing approaches to achieving the NHSE by engineering gain and loss on different ring segments, our design uses fixed on-site gain or loss in each ring. The anomalous Floquet NHSE is marked by the existence of skin modes at every value of the Floquet quasienergy, allowing for broadband asymmetric transmission. Varying the gain/loss induces a non-Hermitian topological phase transition, reversing the localization direction of the skin modes. An experimental implementation in an acoustic lattice yields good agreement with theoretical predictions, with a very broad relative bandwidth of around 40%.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Experiences of women living in social housing with mental illness and substance use disorder: A scoping review
Creators: name: Oudshoorn, Abe
name: Gewurtz, Rebecca
name: Easton, Corinna
name: Hariramani, Sneh
name: Drake, Fiona
name: Marshall, Carrie Anne
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: I propose to conduct a scoping review that will aim to answer the research question: What empirical, peer-reviewed studies have described the experiences of women living with mental illness and substance use disorders in social housing?
Type-II see-saw: searching the LHC elusive low-mass triplet-like Higgses at $e^-e^+$ colliders
Creators: name: Ashanujjaman, Saiyad
name: Ghosh, Kirtiman
name: Huitu, Katri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While the triplet-like Higgses up to a few hundred GeV masses are already excluded for a vast region of the model parameter space from the LHC searches, strikingly, there is a region of this parameter space that is beyond the reach of the existing LHC searches, and doubly/singly-charged and neutral Higgses as light as 200 GeV or even lighter are still allowed by the LHC data. We study several search strategies targeting different parts of this LHC elusive parameter space at two configurations of $e^-e^+$ colliders -- 500 GeV and 1 TeV centre of mass energies. We find that a vast region of this parameter space could be probed with 5$σ$ discovery with the early $e^-e^+$ colliders' data.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures
Harm Hypervigilance in Public Reactions to Scientific Evidence
Creators: name: Clark, Cory J
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Industrial and Organizational Psychology
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Experimental Analysis of Behavior
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: evolutionary psychology
subject: risk perception
subject: metascience
subject: bias
subject: harm avoidance
subject: moral psychology

description: Data and syntax for studies in 'Harm Hypervigilance in Public Reactions to Scientific Evidence' by Clark et al. (in press 2023)
Higgs coupling measurements and impact on the MSSM
Creators: name: Dumont, Beranger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Run I of the LHC has not revealed any sign of new physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). However, the discovery of an SM-like Higgs boson with mass around 125 GeV opens up new possibilities for probing various BSM scenarios with enlarged Higgs sectors and/or new particles affecting the loop-induced processes or opening new decay modes. We will present how we derive constraints on new physics from the Higgs measurements performed by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations. The impact of these measurements will then be assessed in the context of the general phenomenological Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and in the MSSM with a light neutralino as a dark matter candidate.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Presented at the XXII. International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects (DIS 2014), Warsaw, Poland, 28 April - 2 May 2014. To appear in the proceedings
Toward Interactive Bug Reporting for (Android App) End-Users
Creators: name: Song, Yang
name: Mahmud, Junayed
name: Zhou, Ying
name: Chaparro, Oscar
name: Moran, Kevin
name: Marcus, Andrian
name: Poshyvanyk, Denys
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many software bugs are reported manually, particularly bugs that manifest themselves visually in the user interface. End-users typically report these bugs via app reviewing websites, issue trackers, or in-app built-in bug reporting tools, if available. While these systems have various features that facilitate bug reporting (e.g., textual templates or forms), they often provide limited guidance, concrete feedback, or quality verification to end-users, who are often inexperienced at reporting bugs and submit low-quality bug reports that lead to excessive developer effort in bug report management tasks. We propose an interactive bug reporting system for end-users (Burt), implemented as a task-oriented chatbot. Unlike existing bug reporting systems, Burt provides guided reporting of essential bug report elements (i.e., the observed behavior, expected behavior, and steps to reproduce the bug), instant quality verification, and graphical suggestions for these elements. We implemented a version of Burt for Android and conducted an empirical evaluation study with end-users, who reported 12 bugs from six Android apps studied in prior work. The reporters found that Burt's guidance and automated suggestions/clarifications are useful and Burt is easy to use. We found that Burt reports contain higher-quality information than reports collected via a template-based bug reporting system. Improvements to Burt, informed by the reporters, include support for various wordings to describe bug report elements and improved quality verification. Our work marks an important paradigm shift from static to interactive bug reporting for end-users.
description: Accepted by the Research Papers Track of the ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE'22)
Disruption of BMP Signaling in Osteoblasts Through Type IA Receptor (BMPRIA) Increases Bone Mass*
Creators: name: Feng, Jian Q
name: Mishina, Yuji
name: Kobayashi, Tatsuya
name: Mochida, Yoshiyuki
name: Kronenberg, Henry M
name: Yamauchi, Mitsuo
name: Ye, Ling
name: Lucas, Donald J
name: Kamiya, Nobuhiro
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are known as ectopic bone inducers. The FDA approved BMPs (BMP2 and BMP7) for clinical use. However, direct effects of BMPs on endogenous bone metabolism are not yet well known. We conditionally disrupted BMP receptor type IA (BMPRIA) in osteoblasts during weanling and adult stages to show the impact of BMP signaling on endogenous bone modeling and remodeling. Cre recombination was detected in immature osteoblasts in the periosteum, osteoblasts, and osteocytes but not in chondrocytes and osteoclasts after tamoxifen administration. Bmpr1a conditional knockout mice (cKO) showed increased bone mass primarily in trabecular bone at P21 and 22 wk as determined by H&E staining. Vertebrae, tails, and ribs showed increased radiodensity at 22 wk, consistent with a significant increase in BMD. Both μCT and histomorphometry showed an increase in trabecular BV/TV and thickness of cKO adult bones, whereas osteoclast number, bone formation rate, and mineral apposition rate were decreased. Expression levels of bone formation markers (Runx2 and Bsp), resorption markers (Mmp9, Ctsk, and Tracp), and Rankl were decreased, and Opg was increased in adult bones, resulting in a reduction in the ratio of Rankl to osteoprotegerin (Opg). The reduction in osteoclastogenesis through the RANKL–OPG pathway was also observed in weanling stages and reproduced in newborn calvaria culture. These results suggest that Bmpr1a cKO increased endogenous bone mass primarily in trabecular bone with decreased osteoclastogenesis through the RANKL–OPG pathway. We conclude that BMPRIA signaling in osteoblasts affects both bone formation and resorption to reduce endogenous bone mass in vivo.
Cluster Algebras and Scattering Diagrams, Part I. Basics in Cluster Algebras
Creators: name: Nakanishi, Tomoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13F60

description: This is a first step guide to the theory of cluster algebras. We especially focus on basic notions, techniques, and results concerning seeds, cluster patterns, and cluster algebras.
description: v1: 80 pp; v2: 82 pp, Prop 2.4 corrected, index added; v3: 85 pp. This is the final manuscript of Part I of the monograph "Cluster Algebras and Scattering Diagrams'', MSJ Mem. 41 (2023) by the author
Incendies volontaires à Montréal dans les années 1980 : Pyromanie ou crise urbaine ? Analyse socio-économique et politique
Creators: name: Pichel, Léa
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2024
Subjects: Incendies volontaires
Montréal
Economie politique urbaine
Pyromane
Sources journalistiques
Sources judiciaires

description: Dans les années 1980, Montréal, en particulier le quartier de Montréal- Nord, a été le théâtre d'une série d'incendies volontaires inquiétants. Ces actes ont souvent été attribués à des pyromanes, une figure mystérieuse et sensationnaliste. Cependant, cette explication simpliste masque les causes socio-économiques et politiques plus profondes. En s'appuyant sur des sources journalistiques et judiciaires, ces incendies peuvent être analysés à travers les concepts clés de l'économie politique urbaine, tels que le capitalisme urbain, la suburbanisation, la spéculation immobilière, la gentrification et les contestations sociales. Cette analyse vise à replacer ces incendies dans le contexte plus large des transformations urbaines et des dynamiques socio-économiques, afin de mieux comprendre les motivations et les causes qui les sous-tendent.
Heavy Flavor Dynamics in QGP and Hadron Gas
Creators: name: Cao, Shanshan
name: Qin, Guang-You
name: Bass, Steffen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study heavy flavor evolution in the quark-gluon plasma matter and the subsequent hadron gas created in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. The motion of heavy quarks inside the QGP is described using our modified Langevin framework that incorporates both collisional and radiative energy loss mechanisms; and the scatterings between heavy mesons and the hadron gas are simulated with the UrQMD model. We find that the hadronic interaction further suppresses the $D$ meson $R_\mathrm{AA}$ at high $p_\mathrm{T}$ and enhances its $v_2$. And our calculations provide good descriptions of experimental data from both RHIC and LHC. In addition, we explore the heavy-flavor-tagged angular correlation functions and find them to be a potential candidate for distinguishing different energy loss mechanisms of heavy quarks inside the QGP.
description: 4 pages, 8 figures, proceedings of the XXIV Quark Matter conference, May 19-24 2014, Darmstadt (Germany)
On L-Open and L-Closed C*-Algebras and the Construction of C*-Diagonals in C*-Algebras
Creators: name: Oyetunbi, Dolapo Muhammed
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2024
Subjects: Inductive
Cartan subalgebras
C*-diagonal
L-open C*-algebras
L-closed C*-algebras
Homotopy
C*-algebras

description: This thesis broadly focuses on certain lifting problems related to the stability of relations and the existence of a particular rich abelian subalgebra of an inductive limit 𝒞*-algebra of 1-dimensional noncommutative 𝒞𝒲-complexes. We consider the newly introduced notions of 𝓁-open and 𝓁-closed 𝒞*-algebras by Blackadar. These 𝒞*-algebras derive their definitions and properties from the space of *-homomorphisms from the algebra to another 𝒞*-algebra, equipped with the point-norm topology. We characterize 𝓁-open and 𝓁-closed 𝒞*-algebras and use these characterizations to resolve some questions posed by Blackadar. Additionally, we explore the relationships of these notions with other 𝒞*-algebraic concepts, such as extension theory and the homotopy lifting property, which is the dual concept of the classical homotopy extension property. A 1-dimensional noncommutative 𝒞𝒲-complex exemplifies an 𝓁-open 𝒞*-algebra which serves as a building block for many important examples of stably finite classifiable 𝒞*-algebras. A 𝒞*-diagonal is an abelian 𝒞*-subalgebra with the unique extension property and certain regularity conditions. This study investigates the unique extension property of an abelian 𝒞*-subalgebra within a 1-dimensional NCCW complex, along with the limitations and implications of approximating *-homomorphisms between two such complexes. Furthermore, leveraging Leonel's classification result, which extends beyond simple 𝒞*-algebras, we establish the existence of 𝒞*-diagonals in the inductive limits of some 1-dimensional NCCW complexes.
Similarity reductions of peakon equations: integrable cubic equations
Creators: name: Barnes, L. E.
name: Hone, A. N. W.
name: Senthilvelan, M.
name: Stalin, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the scaling similarity solutions of two integrable cubically nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) that admit peaked soliton (peakon) solutions, namely the modified Camassa-Holm (mCH) equation and Novikov's equation. By making use of suitable reciprocal transformations, which map the mCH equation and Novikov's equation to a negative mKdV flow and a negative Sawada-Kotera flow, respectively, we show that each of these scaling similarity reductions is related via a hodograph transformation to an equation of Painlevé type: for the mCH equation, its reduction is of second order and second degree, while for Novikov's equation the reduction is a particular case of Painlevé V. Furthermore, we show that each of these two different Painlevé-type equations is related to the particular cases of Painlevé III that arise from analogous similarity reductions of the Camassa-Holm and the Degasperis-Procesi equation, respectively. For each of the cubically nonlinear PDEs considered, we also give explicit parametric forms of their periodic travelling wave solutions in terms of elliptic functions. We present some parametric plots of the latter, and, by using explicit algebraic solutions of Painlevé III, we do the same for some of the simplest examples of scaling similarity solutions, together with descriptions of their leading order asymptotic behaviour.
Relativistic quark-diquark model of baryons with a spin-isospin transition interaction
Creators: name: De Sanctis, M.
name: Ferretti, J.
name: Santopinto, E.
name: Vassallo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relativistic interacting quark-diquark model of baryons, recently developed, is here extended to introduce a spin-isospin transition interaction into the mass operator. The refined version of the model is used to calculate the non strange baryon spectrum. The results are compared to the present experimental data.
Corrigendum à "Sous-groupe de Brauer invariant et obstruction de descente itérée" Algebra & Number Theory 14 (2020), no. 8, 2151--2183
Creators: name: Cao, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The §2 of our work "Sous-groupe de Brauer invariant et obstruction de descente itérée" uses a statement about the degree two Künneth formula proved by Skorobogatov and Zarhin in their paper "The Brauer group and the Brauer-Manin set of products of varieties". Recently they find that this statement is not correct (see their Corrigendum). We correct §2 of our paper. The rest of our paper is still correct.
description: In French
Nonlinear stability of periodic roll solutions in the real Ginzburg-Landau equation against $C_{\mathrm{ub}}^m$-perturbations
Creators: name: Hilder, Bastian
name: de Rijk, Björn
name: Schneider, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B10, 35B35, 35B40, 35Q56

description: The real Ginzburg-Landau equation arises as a universal amplitude equation for the description of pattern-forming systems exhibiting a Turing bifurcation. It possesses spatially periodic roll solutions which are known to be stable against localized perturbations. It is the purpose of this paper to prove their stability against bounded perturbations, which are not necessarily localized. Since all state-of-the-art techniques rely on localization or periodicity properties of perturbations, we develop a new method, which employs pure $L^\infty$-estimates only. By fully exploiting the smoothing properties of the semigroup generated by the linearization, we are able to close the nonlinear iteration despite the slower decay rates. To show the wider relevance of our method, we also apply it to the amplitude equation as it appears for pattern-forming systems with an additional conservation law.
Gene set proximity analysis: expanding gene set enrichment analysis through learned geometric embeddings
Creators: name: Cousins, Henry
name: Hall, Taryn
name: Guo, Yinglong
name: Tso, Luke
name: Tzeng, Kathy Tzy-Hwa
name: Cong, Le
name: Altman, Russ
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Gene set analysis methods rely on knowledge-based representations of genetic interactions in the form of both gene set collections and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Explicit representations of genetic interactions often fail to capture complex interdependencies among genes, limiting the analytic power of such methods. Here we propose an extension of gene set enrichment analysis to a latent feature space reflecting PPI network topology, called gene set proximity analysis (GSPA). Compared with existing methods, GSPA provides improved ability to identify disease-associated pathways in disease-matched gene expression datasets, while improving reproducibility of enrichment statistics for similar gene sets. GSPA is statistically straightforward, reducing to classical gene set enrichment through a single user-defined parameter. We apply our method to identify novel drug associations with SARS-CoV-2 viral entry. Finally, we validate our drug association predictions through retrospective clinical analysis of claims data from 8 million patients, supporting a role for gabapentin as a risk factor and metformin as a protective factor for COVID-19 hospitalization.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
Osteoblasts Express NLRP3, a Nucleotide-Binding Domain and Leucine-Rich Repeat Region Containing Receptor Implicated in Bacterially Induced Cell Death
Creators: name: Sahraei, Mahnaz
name: Duncan, Joseph A
name: Worley, Charles S
name: Marriott, Ian
name: Young, Amy B
name: Ting, Jenny Pan-Yun
name: McCall, Samuel H
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Bacterially induced osteoblast apoptosis may be a major contributor to bone loss during osteomyelitis. We provide evidence for the functional expression in osteoblasts of NLRP3, a member of the NLR family of cytosolic receptors that has been implicated in the initiation of programmed cell death.
Manifestation of two-channel nonlocal spin transport in the shapes of the Hanle curves
Creators: name: Roundy, R. C.
name: Prestgard, M. C.
name: Tiwari, A.
name: Mishchenko, E. G.
name: Raikh, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamics of charge-density fluctuations in a system of two tunnel-coupled wires contains two diffusion modes with dispersion iw=Dq^2 and iw =Dq^2+2/tau_t, where D is the diffusion coefficient and tau_t is the tunneling time between the wires. The dispersion of corresponding spin-density modes depends on magnetic field as a result of spin precession with Larmour frequency, w_L. The presence of two modes affects the shape of the Hanle curve describing the spin-dependent resistance, R, between ferromagnetic strips covering the non-magnetic wires. We demonstrate that the relative shapes of the R(w_L)-curves, one measured within the same wire and the other measured between the wires, depends on the ratio tau_t/tau_s, where tau_s is the spin-diffusion time. If the coupling between the wires is local, i.e. only at the point x=0, then the difference of the shapes of intra-wire and inter-wire Hanle curves reflects the difference in statistics of diffusive trajectories which "switch" or do not switch near x=0. When one of the coupled wires is bent into a loop with a radius, a, the shape of the Hanle curve reflects the statistics of random walks on the loop. This statistics is governed by the dimensionless parameter, a/(D tau_s)^(1/2).
description: 9 pages, 5 figures