Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis Gonzalez &amp; Guerra 1998
Creators: name: Strugnell, Jan
name: Voight, Janet R.
name: Collins, Patrick C.
name: Allcock, A. Louise
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Octopoda
Enteroctopodidae
Vulcanoctopus
Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis

description: <i>Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis</i> González &amp; Guerra, 1998 <i>Type material examined:</i> <i>Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis</i> González &amp; Guerra, 1998 in González, Guerra, Pascual &amp; Briand, holotype, MNHN 2885, HOT 96 East Pacific Rise, North of Genesis, 12°48'N 103°56'W, 19 February 1996, 2647 m, male. <i>Additional material examined:</i> <i>Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis:</i> FMNH 307183, RV Atlantis HOV <i>Alvin</i>, 10°46'N 103°39'W (East Pacific Rise), <i>Alvin</i> Dive 3936, 17 November 2003, 2574 m, male, coll &amp; det JR Voight. * FMNH 307184, RV <i>Atlantis</i> HOV <i>Alvin</i>, 08°38'N 104°13'W (East Pacific Rise), <i>Alvin</i> Dive 3926, 7 November 2003, 2541 m, male, coll &amp; det JR Voight. FMNH 278064, RV <i>Atlantis</i> HOV <i>Alvin</i>, 9°50.333'N 104°17.482'W (East Pacific Rise), Dive 2846, 24 Oct. 1994, 2512 m, male, coll R. Lutz, det JR Voight. FMNH 287365, RV <i>Atlantis</i> HOV <i>Alvin</i>, 9°49.136'N 104°17.332'W (East Pacific Rise), Dive 3217, 17 May 1998, 2495 m, male, coll C. Fisher, det JR Voight. FMNH 287366, RV <i>Atlantis</i> HOV <i>Alvin</i>, 9°50.624'N 104°17.48'W (East Pacific Rise), Dive 3212, 13 May 1998, 2509 m, male, coll C. Fisher, det JR Voight. FMNH 307185, RV <i>Atlantis</i> HOV <i>Alvin</i>, 12°49'N 103°56'W (East Pacific Rise), Dive 3938, 19 November 2003, 2619 m, male, coll &amp; det JR Voight. FMNH 306500, RV <i>Atlantis</i> HOV <i>Alvin</i>, 12°48.673'N 103°56.408'W (East Pacific Rise), Dive 3939, 20 November 2003, 2620 m, male, coll A. Berry &amp; J. Voight, det JR Voight. <i>Diagnosis.</i> Incirrate octopod. Biserial Suckers. Ink sac and anal flaps absent. Arms 2–4.5 times ML. Arm formula 1&gt;2&gt;3&gt;4; arm length somewhat variable among 8 specimens with seemingly intact (or fully regenerated arms): arm I at least 10 mm longer than II in 5, subequal in 3; arms II at least 10 mm longer than III in 4 of 8; arms III and IV subequal in 5 of 8. Arm I with up to 166 suckers, other arms with fewer; hectocotylus carries between 58 and 83 suckers. Funnel organ W-shaped, lateral limbs shorter than medial limbs. Gills with 8 to 10 lamellae per outer demibranch. Ligula of males without strong transverse ridges LLI 8–10. Digestive gland multilobed. Maximum spermatophore length 62, maximum SpLI 125, maximum number of spermatophores 114. Mature males without enlarged suckers. Rachidian multicuspid. Integument of holotype shows evidence of some sculpture in the form of widely spaced small papillae on the dorsal and ventral mantle, but most conspicuous are the low wrinkles that cover the animal, including the oral web. These are present in both fresh and preserved specimens, not as the description stated “wrinkled in preservation” (González <i>et al.</i> 1998 p. 173). <i>Remarks.</i> A female of this species was recently described (González <i>et al.</i> 2008) as lacking the dark swelling described in the intestine of males (González <i>et al.</i> 1998). Neither has the dark swelling been seen in 13 additional specimens, 8 from the type locality, in Field Museum collections. The condition of the optic chiasma is nearly unexplored in other deep-sea octopodids. Information on spermatophores given in diagnoses was extracted from González <i>et al.</i> (2002), which details variation in male specimens from the type locality. The holotype has been heavily dissected; the reproductive tract, for example, is in eight parts. Only 69 spermatophores remain in the holotype; this is similar to the next highest counts we found in 30 male specimens (70, 72, 74). The funnel organ shape is herein described for the first time based on specimens from the type locality.
description: Published as part of <i>Strugnell, Jan, Voight, Janet R., Collins, Patrick C. &amp; Allcock, A. Louise, 2009, Molecular phylogenetic analysis of a known and a new hydrothermal vent octopod: their relationships with the genus Benthoctopus (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae), pp. 442-459 in Zootaxa 2096 (1)</i> on page 450, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2096.1.27, http://zenodo.org/record/5321990
description: {"references": ["Gonzalez, A. F., Guerra, A., Pascual, S. &amp; Briand, P. (1998) Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis gen. et sp. nov. (Mollusca, Cephalopoda): an octopod from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent site. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 39, 169 - 184.", "Gonzalez, A. F., Guerra, A., Pascual, S. &amp; Segonzac, M. (2008) Female description of the hydrothermal vent cephalopod Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 88, 375 - 379.", "Gonzalez, A. F., Guerra, A., Rocha, F. &amp; Briand, P. (2002) Morphological variation in males of Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis (Mollusca, Cephalopoda). Bulletin of Marine Science, 71, 289 - 298."]}