Gomphostemma crinitum Wall.
Creators: name: Bongcheewin, Bhanubong
name: Ingrouille, Martin J.
name: Paton, Alan J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Lamiaceae
Gomphostemma
Gomphostemma crinitum

description: <b> 2. Gomphostemma crinitum <i>Wall. ex 3enth</i></b> . (Bentham in Wallich 1830b: 12); Hooker (1883: 698); Prain (1891: 232); Mukercee (1920: 209); Keng (1969: 82, 1958: 321); Murata (1956: 188); Li &amp; Hedge (1992: 52); Phuong (2000: 103); Walsingham (2019: 196). Type: Burma, Tavoy [12.0333°, 98.2], 22 Oct. 1825, <i>Gomez</i> s.n. in <i>Wall. Cat.</i> 2139.2 (lectotype K [K000301083], selected here; isolectotype K-W [K001113328]). <i>Gomphostemma crinitum</i> var. <i>griffithii</i> Prain (1891: 232). Type: Malaysia, Mt Ophir [Gunung Ledang, 2.3665°, 102.6165°], Chebu [Chabau] forest, <i>Griffith</i> 2022 (lectotype CAL [CAL0000005125], selected here; isolectotypes K [K000229839, K000229820], P). Perennial herb up to 2.3 m tall. <i>Stems</i> erect, woody at base, obtusely quadrangular with longitudinal grooves, with dense stellate hairs and sometimes dendroid hairs. <i>Leaoes</i> petiolate, chartaceous; blades elliptic, elliptic-obovate or elliptic-ovate, 20 – 33 × 6 – 11 (– 12) cm, apex acute, margin shallowly serrate, base attenuate, upper side dark green with sparse stellate hairs, lower side pale green tomentose with dense stellate hairs; petioles 20 – 30 mm long. <i>Inflorescence</i> axillary with opposite cymes, unbranched then congested with axis not visible between flowers or rarely branched, exceeding 20 mm wide when pressed, excluding corolla, inserted at the upper nodes at which leaves are usually present; verticils few – many-flowered; bracts lanceolate or ellipticovate, 13 – 30 × 2 – 3 mm, narrower than the calyx, apex acute, margin entire, base cuneate, upper side with sparse stellate hairs, lower side with dense stellate hairs; bracteoles linear, 10 – 20 × 1 – 3 mm. <i>Flowering calyx</i> tubular, 12 – 13 mm long, 10-ridged, outside with stellate hairs, inside tomentose with adpressed simple hairs; tube 2 – 3 mm long; lobes triangular, 8 – 10 mm long, apex filiform. <i>Fruiting calyx</i> cupular, 13 – 20 mm long; tube 3 – 5 mm long; lobes 10 – 13 mm long. <i>Corolla</i> bright yellow, 20 – 30 mm long, throat narrow, not enlarged, sometimes gradually dilated towards the throat; tube straight, 13 – 23 mm long, exserted from the calyx, outside with stellate hairs, inside glabrous; posterior lip elliptic-ovate, 3 – 5 mm long; anterior lip 3-lobed, longer than posterior lip with median lobe ovate, 3 mm long and lateral lobes ovate, apex round. <i>Staminal filaments</i> slightly fleshy. <i>Style</i> slender, slightly shorter than corolla, glabrous with apex unequally lobed. <i>Nutlets</i> solitary, globose or ovate, 2 – 5 mm long, glabrous. Fig. 6A, F. <b>DISTRIBUTION.</b> Bangladesh, China (Yunnan), Burma, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra). Map 1. <b> SPECIMENS EXAMINED. BANGLADESH. Chittagong: Rangamati, Sitapahar, Kaptai [22.3139°, 92.2036°], 8 Oct. 1998, <i>Uddin &amp; Ullah</i> 3338 (AB?).</b> <b>CHINA.</b> Yunnan: Mong-hain or Gan-lan-ba [22.2833°, 100.3833°], Che-li Hsien, 860 m, Oct. 1936, <i>Wang</i> 59803 (KUN). <b>MYANMAR.</b> Tanintharyi: Eastern Tenasserim [11.8°, 99.23°], 30 m, 30 May 1932, <i>Kerr</i> 21612 (BK, BM, K); Tavoy, 22 Oct. 1825, <i>Gomez</i> s.n. in <i>Wall. Cat.</i> 2139.2 (lectotype, K [Herb. Benthamianum]; isolectotypeKW); Tavoy, Zimba Valley, 22 Nov. 1922, <i>Parker</i> 2233 (K); Tenasserim, Tavoy, along the W bank of Paungdaw R., 3 miles E of Paungdaw Power Station, 220 m [800 ft], 22 Aug. 1961, <i>Keenan et al.</i> 1098 (E, K). <b>THAILAND.</b> Chiang Rai: Trail to?oi Jong Summit, 20°35&amp;65”N 98°92&amp;68”E, Nov. 2011, <i>Norsaengsri &amp; Tathana</i> 5351 (QBG); Kanchanaburi: Kwae Noi River Basin, near Neeckey, near Wangka [13.1°, 98.2665°], 130 m, 2 June 1926, <i>den Hoed</i> 912 (BK, K, L, P); Thung Yai Naraesuan Wildlife Sanctuary [13.3333°, 98.9165°], Lai Wo, Ban Saneh Pawng, 200 m, 16 June 1993, <i>Maxwell</i> 93-626 (BKF, CMUB); Phetchaburi: Kaeng Krachan?istr., Kaeng Krachan National Park, on steep slope down from road on the way to Phanoen Thung Ranger Substation, 12°28&amp;N 99°22&amp;E, 360 m, 9 May 2003, <i>Middleton et al.</i> 3323 (BKF, E); Kaeng Krachan, near Ban Krang Camp, 18 th km, 12°28&amp;N 99°26&amp;E, 330 m, 25 June 2000, <i>Newman et al.</i> 1102 (AAU, BKF, E); Prachuap Khiri Khan: Kao Luang [Khao Luang, 11.6°, 99.6665°], 500 m, 2 July 1926, <i>Kerr</i> 10832 (AB?, BK, BM, L); Ranong: Ban Racha Krude, 9°22&amp;N 98°35&amp;E, 30 – 100 m, 5 July 1992, <i>Larsen et al.</i> 23200 (AAU, BKF); Klong Naka Wildlife Sanctuary, stream branch about 200 m down stream from base camp, left branch, flowing from NW, 9°30&amp;N 98°20&amp;E, 100 – 600 m, 9 Jan. 1990, <i>Hoooer et al.</i> 3312 (E); Kraburi [Kra Buri, 10.2°, 98.5833°], Klawng Wa, 30 m, 23?ec. 1928, <i>Kerr</i> 16310 (AB?, BK, BM 2 sheets, L); Muang?istr., Ranong Hot Springs, 9°35&amp;23”N 98°39&amp;11”E, 20 m, 23 June 2006, <i>Williams et al.</i> 2080 (E); Surat Thani: Phanom, Khlong Phanom National Park, ‘Big Tree’ nature trail, S of park headquarters, 8°32&amp;N 98°20&amp;E, 130 m, 26 Nov. 2003, <i>Gardner et al.</i> ST 1952 (E 2 sheets); Phanom, Ban Phong Lom, Khao Mok, Khao Sok National Park [8.8333°, 98.5°], 30 – 130 m, 29 Aug. 1982, <i>Shimizu et al.</i> T-28921 (BKF); Takuapah, Takuapah-Surat Thani Road, 20 – 60 km from Takuapah, 8°33&amp;N 98°21&amp;E, 100 – 230 m, 12 July 1952, <i>Larsen et al.</i> 30928 (AAU, BKF, K, L); Phangnga: Khao Khlong Yang at Khao Phra Mi, 9°15&amp;N 98°26&amp;E, 100 – 300 m, 6 July 1952, <i>Larsen et al.</i> 30632 (AAU, BKF, K, L, P); Krabi: Tambon Kao Panom [8.23°, 99.0333°], 100 m, 1 April 1930, <i>Kerr</i> 18802 (BK, BM 2 sheets); Nakhon Si Thammarat: Kao Luang [8.3°, 99.6665°], 200 m, 28 April 1928, <i>Kerr</i> 13222 (BK, BM 2 sheets); Lansaka, Kiriwong [8.2333°, 99.5833°], 25 Jan. 1931, <i>Smitinand</i> s.n. (BKF); Trang: Kao Chong, 5°20&amp;N 99°23&amp;E, 200 m, 13 June 1952, <i>Geesink et al.</i> 5165 (AAU, BKF, K, L); Nayong, Khao Chong, trail from botanic garden headquarters to Ton Yai, 5°33&amp;N 99°25&amp;E, 80 m, 9 July 2000, <i>Middleton et al.</i> 362 (BKF); Pattani: Betong [3.53°, 101.0333°], 300 m, 3 Aug. 1923, <i>Kerr</i> 5280 (BK, BM, K, L); Yala. Betong, Bang Lang National Park, Ban Chulaphon Phattana 10, near rattan plantation procect, 3°31&amp;N 101°18&amp;E, 600 m, 19 July 2002, <i>Pooma et al.</i> 2225 (BKF); Nikom Kua Long, 600 m, 12 Feb. 1952, <i>Santisuk &amp; Nimanong</i> 355 (BKF); Than To, Bang Lang National Park, along stream to Halasa Waterfall, 6°02&amp;N 101°3&amp;E, 133 m, 12 Feb. 2002, <i>Middleton et al.</i> 3000 (BKF, E); Narathiwat: Bukit [6.1665°, 101.8333°], 200 m, 8 July 1923, <i>Kerr</i> 5119 (BK, BM, K). <b>MALAYSIA.</b> Johor: Bukit Jitan [2.0665°, 102.9833°], Nov. 1900, <i>Ridley</i> 11131 (SING); Woods below Mt Ophir [2.3665°, 102.6165°], June 1892, <i>Ridley</i> s.n. (SING); Mt Ophir [Gunung Ledang, 2.3665°, 102.6165°], Chebu [Chabau] forest, <i>Griffith</i> 2022 [type of <i>G. crinitum</i> var. <i>griffithii</i>, lectotype CAL; isolectotypes K 2 sheets, P]; Sungai Linggiu logged forest via Kluang [1.8139°, 103.6922°], 130 m, 23 July 1991, <i>Tay et al.</i> 91-33 (SING); Kedah. Kedah, Kroh [3.5°, 100.9833°], 120 m [200 ft], 6 Aug. 1921, <i>Nauen</i> 38026 (K 2 sheets, GH, SING); Malacca: [2.2°, 102.2833°], <i>Aloins</i> 2130 (SING); Negeri Sembilan: Pasoh Forest [3.0333°, 102.3333°], 18 April 1958, <i>Ang</i> FRI 25353 (GH, L); Bukit Linggung, Ulu Bendol [2.5333°, 102.1333°], 1?ec. 1922, <i>Holttum</i> 9836 (SING); Genting Peras [3.1333°, 101.9665°], May, <i>Ridley</i> 5600 (SING); Kelantan: Aring FR, <i>Anthonysamy</i> SA 1092 (KEP); Pahang: Bentong, Genting Sempah [3.3333°, 101.9165°], 353 m [1230 ft], 18 Jan. 1939, <i>Wyatt-Smith</i> 93193 (K, L); Bukit Sadam [Bukit Serdam, 3.8333°, 101.9165°], 120 m [200 ft], 6 Oct. 1931, <i>Henderson</i> 23061 (BK, BM, SING); Kuala Tembeling [2.0665°, 102.3165°], 20 Aug. 1928, <i>Holttum</i> 20331 (SING); Kwala Jahau, Aug. 1891, <i>Ridley</i> 2183 (K); Pulau Manis [3.33°, 103.2165°], 1891, <i>Ridley</i> s.n. (SING); Ulu Sungai, Sepia [2.6108°, 102.8839°], Jeram Perahu, 130 m [300 ft], 18 July 1950, <i>Shah &amp; Noor</i> 1963 (C, GH, L, SING); Sungai Yu [2.3008°, 102.0028°], 1 Feb. 1922, <i>Nur &amp; Forworthy</i> 11922 (SING); Penang [3.3333°, 100.23°], 1822, <i>Wall. Cat.</i> 2139.1 [lectoparatypes of <i>G. crinitum</i>, K-W]; ibid., <i>Wall. Cat.</i> s.n. (K); ibid., <i>Wall. Cat.</i> 2138C (K-W); Perak [3°, 101°], 300 m, July 1889, <i>Wray</i> 3553 (SING); Kampong Kota [2.2665°, 100.8°], Feb. 1889, <i>Wray</i> 3320 (SING); Batu Tegoh, Taiping [2.83°, 100.5333°], 19 Jan. 1922, <i>Henderson</i> 10038 (SING); Gunung Icok [3.2°, 100.5165°], Sept. 1882, <i>Scortechini</i> 3 (lectoparatype of <i>G. crinitum</i> var. <i>griffithii</i>, CAL); Gopeng [2.2665°, 101.1665°], S of Ipoh, Gua Kandu, <i>Daoison</i> 1 (SING); Gunong Kerbau [Korbu] [2.6833°, 101.3°], 1200 – 1330 m [2000 – 2300 ft], 12 March 1913, <i>Robinson</i> s.n. (BM); Gunong Raya [Korbu, 2.6833°, 101.2833°], 1200 m [2000 ft], 31 Jan. 1938, <i>Strugnell</i> 23832 (K); Hulu Kwansa [Kangsar], June 1882, <i>Scortechini</i> 928 (lectoparatypes CAL, SING); Hulu Perak, Lenggong, Lata Kekabu, along trail in recreational forest, after hanging bridge, 3°2.93&amp;N 100°92.32&amp;E, 151 m, 18?ec. 2006, <i>Lim et al.</i> FRI 32830 (K, SING); Ipoh, near Rapat [2.3665°, 101.1165°], mouth of limestone caves, 600 m [2000 ft], 12 Jan. 1983, <i>Daois</i> 69298 (E); Kamuning [2.8333°, 101.0665°], Feb. 1902, <i>Ridley</i> s.n. (SING); Larut &amp; Matang, Bukit Larut Forest Reserve [2.83°, 100.5833°], 310 m, 13 Aug. 1999, <i>Saw</i> FRI 22282 (K); Tancung Rambutan [2.6665°, 101.1665°], 2 June 1930, <i>Henderson</i> 23553 (SING); Tambun limestone cliffs, 10 Sept. 1920, <i>3urkill &amp; Haniff</i> 6298 (K, SING); Tong Temple, Chemor [2.5165°, 101.1165°], 2 miles N of Ipoh, base of limestone rocks, 23 Oct. 1938, <i>Sinclair</i> 9829 (E, GH, K, L, SING); Upper Perak, N of Lawin, S Kenerong [3.2665°, 101.03°], 20 June 1922, <i>3urkill</i> 12282 (SING); Upper Perak, Bintang Hicau Forest Reserve, Compartment 22, [3.2333°, 100.9665°], 22 Nov. 1966, <i>Ismail</i> 99812 (GH, K, L, SING); Selangor. Hulu Selangor, Gading Forest Reserve [3.6665°, 101.6333°], 230 m [1300 ft], 19 July 1969, <i>Loh</i> 13368 (K, L); 3 miles before Gap [3.6350°, 101.5359°] from Kuala Kubu Baru, 16 March 1983, <i>Kiew</i> 1629 (SING); Genting Bidai [3.3°, 101.8165°], <i>Kloss</i> s.n. (BM, K); Genting Sempah [3.33°, 101.5833°], 22 Oct. 1921, <i>Hume</i> 9263 (SING); Ulu Selangor [3.3665°, 101.3665°], 8 Oct. 1899, <i>Goodenough</i> s.n. (SING); Terengganu. Ulu Brang [2.83°, 102.9333°], 120 m [200 ft], July 1935, <i>Moysey &amp; Kiah</i> 33503 (SING); Hulu Terengganu, Tasik Kenyir, Ex logging trail from Tancung Bewah towards Gunung Taat, 2°30.52&amp;N 102°22.95&amp;E, 282 m, 5 Aug. 2005, <i>Lim et al.</i> FRI 36261 (K, SING). <b>INDONESIA. SUMATRA</b>. Riau: Indragiri, Pangian, Indragiri Kwantan?istr., 1 Oct. 1939, <i>3uwalda</i> 6238 (GH, K). <b>HABITAT.</b> In primary or secondary, lowland dipterocarp forest, evergreen forest, on riverbanks; alt. 23 – 1330 m. <b>CONSERVATION STATUS.</b> Widespread; Least Concern (LC). <b>PHENOLOGY.</b> Flowering April – October. Fruiting September – March. <b>NOTES.</b> <i>Gomphostemma crinitum</i> is recognised by filiform fruiting calyx lobes, much longer than the tube at maturity. It is morphologically similar to <i>G. paroiflorum</i> in having a straight corolla and narrow corolla throat, but <i>G. paroiflorum</i> does not have calyx lobes longer than the tube. Prain named <i>Gomphostemma crinitum</i> var. <i>griffthii</i> based on some specimens from Peninsular Malaysia distinguished by their leaf blades, petiole and calyx; we consider them to fall within the variation in these characters in <i>G. crinitum</i>. <i>Gomphostemma crinitum</i> var. <i>griffithii</i> was named to honour William Griffith, a British colonial physician and botanist in 1891 when Prain acted as Superintendent of the Calcutta Botanic Garden, Calcutta: Griffith’ s collection (<i>Griffith</i> 2022, C [CAL0000005125]) is selected as the lectotype.
description: Published as part of <i>Bongcheewin, Bhanubong, Ingrouille, Martin J. &amp; Paton, Alan J., 2022, A revision of Gomphostemma (Lamiaceae), pp. 27-92 in Kew Bulletin 77 (1)</i> on pages 40-43, DOI: 10.1007/s12225-021-09991-y, http://zenodo.org/record/7615581
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