cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Concordance Cosmic Star Formation Rate: Implications from and for the Supernova Neutrino and Gamma Ray Backgrounds
Creators: name: Strigari, Louis E.
name: Beacom, John F.
name: Walker, Terry P.
name: Zhang, Pengjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We constrain the Cosmic Star Formation Rate (CSFR) by requiring that massive stars produce the observed UV, optical, and IR light while at the same time not overproduce the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background as bounded by Super-Kamiokande. With the massive star component so constrained we then show that a reasonable choice of stellar Initial Mass Function and other parameters results in SNIa rates and iron yields in good agreement with data. In this way we define a `concordance' CSFR that predicts the optical SNII rate and the SNIa contribution to the MeV Cosmic Gamma-Ray Background. The CSFR constrained to reproduce these and other proxies of intermediate and massive star formation is more clearly delineated than if it were measured by any one technique and has the following testable consequences: (1) SNIa contribute only a small fraction of the MeV Cosmic Gamma-Ray Background, (2) massive star core-collapse is nearly always accompanied by a successful optical SNII, and (3) the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background is tantalizingly close to detectability.
description: Improved discussion. Version accepted for publication in JCAP
Characterizing the temperature dependence of Fano-Feshbach resonances of Ultracold Polarized Thulium
Creators: name: Khlebnikov, V. A
name: Tsyganok, V. V
name: Pershin, D. A.
name: Davletov, E. T
name: Kuznetsova, E.
name: Akimov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies demonstrated anomalous temperature shifts for some Fano-Feshbach resonances of thulium atoms. These anomalies were explained by the variation in light intensity in the optical dipole trap, which accompanied changes in temperature. In addition, a temperature-related transformation of the statistics of the interresonance spacing was demonstrated [1]. Here, we analyze the shifts of isolated s- and d-type Fano-Feshbach resonances of ultracold thulium atoms with temperature for a fixed depth of an optical dipole trap. The measurements are consistent with the 3-body recombination-based theory of the temperature-related resonance shift and enable the extraction of the resonance parameters, particularly the magnetic moments of closed channel states. This parameter and the known polarizability of the open channel enable us to separate the contributions of the temperature and Stark shift to the overall shift of the resonances and show the dominant role of the Stark effect in the overall shift.
Second-order gravitational effects of local inhomogeneities on CMB anisotropies in nonzero-Lambda flat cosmological models
Creators: name: Tomita, Kenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear gravitational effects of large-scale inhomogeneities on Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies are studied. based on the relativistic second-order theory of perturbations in nonzero-Lambda flat cosmological models, which has been analytically derived by the present author, and on the second-order formula of CMB anisotropies derived by Mollerach and Matarrese. In this paper we derive the components of the CMB anisotropy power spectra in the range of l = 1 -22 which are caused by asymmetric local inhomogeneities on scales of 300 Mpc. Using our results it is found that there is a possibility to explain the small north-south asymmetry of CMB anisotropies which has recently been observed.
description: 13 pages
MPEC 2024-A76 : 2016 AE165
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Skyrmion lattice creep at ultra-low current densities
Creators: name: Luo, Yongkang
name: Lin, Shizeng
name: Leroux, M.
name: Wakeham, N.
name: Fobes, D. M.
name: Bauer, E. D.
name: Betts, J. B.
name: Migliori, A.
name: Thompson, J. D.
name: Janoschek, M.
name: Maiorov, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic skyrmions are well-suited for encoding information because they are nano-sized, topologically stable, and only require ultra-low critical current densities $j_c$ to depin from the underlying atomic lattice. Above $j_c$ skyrmions exhibit well-controlled motion, making them prime candidates for race-track memories. In thin films thermally-activated creep motion of isolated skyrmions was observed below $j_c$ as predicted by theory. Uncontrolled skyrmion motion is detrimental for race-track memories and is not fully understood. Notably, the creep of skyrmion lattices in bulk materials remains to be explored. Here we show using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy--a probe highly sensitive to the coupling between skyrmion and atomic lattices--that in the prototypical skyrmion lattice material MnSi depinning occurs at $j_c^*$ that is only 4 percent of $j_c$. Our experiments are in excellent agreement with Anderson-Kim theory for creep and allow us to reveal a new dynamic regime at ultra-low current densities characterized by thermally-activated skyrmion-lattice-creep with important consequences for applications.
description: 28 pages, 4+4 figures, 1 table. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1711.08873
Removal of forbidden states in a three-$α$ system
Creators: name: Matsumura, H.
name: Orabi, M.
name: Suzuki, Y.
name: Fujiwara, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground and excited 0$^+$ states of $^{12}$C are investigated in a 3$α$ macroscopic model using the deep potential of Buck, Friedrich and Wheatley. The elimination of forbidden states is performed either by constructing the allowed state space explicitly or by using the orthogonalizing pseudopotential. The well-known enigmatic behavior of the latter approach is resolved. It is safe to define the forbidden states referring to the underlying microscopic model.
description: 18pages, 2figures
Deformation theory of deformed Donaldson-Thomas connections for ${\rm Spin}(7)$-manifolds
Creators: name: Kawai, Kotaro
name: Yamamoto, Hikaru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A deformed Donaldson-Thomas connection for a manifold with a ${\rm Spin}(7)$-structure, which we call a ${\rm Spin}(7)$-dDT connection, is a Hermitian connection on a Hermitian line bundle $L$ over a manifold with a ${\rm Spin}(7)$-structure defined by fully nonlinear PDEs. It was first introduced by Lee and Leung as a mirror object of a Cayley cycle obtained by the real Fourier-Mukai transform and its alternative definition was suggested in our other paper. As the name indicates, a ${\rm Spin}(7)$-dDT connection can also be considered as an analogue of a Donaldson-Thomas connection (${\rm Spin}(7)$-instanton). In this paper, using our definition, we show that the moduli space $\mathcal{M}_{{\rm Spin}(7)}$ of ${\rm Spin}(7)$-dDT connections has similar properties to these objects. That is, we show the following for an open subset $\mathcal{M}'_{{\rm Spin}(7)} \subset \mathcal{M}_{{\rm Spin}(7)}$. (1) Deformations of elements of $\mathcal{M}'_{{\rm Spin}(7)}$ are controlled by a subcomplex of the canonical complex introduced by Reyes Carrión by introducing a new ${\rm Spin}(7)$-structure from the initial ${\rm Spin}(7)$-structure and a ${\rm Spin}(7)$-dDT connection. (2) The expected dimension of $\mathcal{M}'_{{\rm Spin}(7)}$ is finite. It is $b^1$, the first Betti number of the base manifold, if the initial ${\rm Spin}(7)$-structure is torsion-free. (3) Under some mild assumptions, $\mathcal{M}'_{{\rm Spin}(7)}$ is smooth if we perturb the initial ${\rm Spin}(7)$-structure generically. (4) The space $\mathcal{M}'_{{\rm Spin}(7)}$ admits a canonical orientation if all deformations are unobstructed.
description: 51 pages, v2: minor corrections, final version. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2004.00532
On the crowdsourcing of behaviors for autonomous agents
Creators: name: Russo, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is concerned with the problem of designing, from data, agents that are able to craft their behavior from a number of contributors in order to fulfill some agent-specific task. This is not necessarily known to the contributors. After formalizing this crowdsourcing process as a control problem, we present a result to synthesize behaviors from the information made available by the contributors. The result is turned into an algorithmic procedure and the theoretical findings are complemented via a numerical example.
description: Paper accepted on the IEEE Control Systems Letters
title: Interrogating selves : deconstructive strategies in Buddhism and contemporary art
title: Interrogations of self : research into the nexus between Buddhism, contemporary art and textile practice
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Hughes, Meredith Ann
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2015

description: There is a long history of artistic exchange that endures between European and Asian cultures. In contemporary artistic contexts Buddhism has relevance to a wide range of practitioners but scholarly interest that acknowledges the significance of Buddhist concepts and practices to contemporary art production is relatively recent. This research has integrated studio based artistic development with academic approaches such as cultural history and visual analysis to investigate relationships between Buddhism and art. The nexus of art and Buddhism creates sites that interrogate alternative notions of self and subjectivity. These sites have focused an exploration of devices that characterise subjective interrogation, such as deconstruction, multiplicity, transformation, subjugation, duration, temporality and reflexivity. I have developed a body of artwork, dissertation and exegesis to consider interrogation of the self and subjectivity through numerous modes of enquiry that incorporate broad visual, technical and conceptual resources. I have conceptualised my approach with a foundational Buddhist concept, dependent arising, meaning briefly, the interdependence of all things, and this concept has provided a framework to consider visual, technical and conceptual resources. These resources include traditional textile processes (embroidery, quilting striped fabrics, applique, printing and heat press), calm abiding and analytical meditative techniques from Indo-Tibetan Buddhism, interrogative devices that emerged with French Surrealism and are evident within the trajectory of Western art from the 1960's onward, contemporary installation theory and durational approaches that characterise performance work by artists such as Tehching Hseih. Outcomes of the research contribute to artistic and scholarly fields that recognise the intersection of Buddhist and artistic concepts and practices as mutually illuminating in relation to engagement with alternative concepts of self. When considered through their common interrogative devices new insights are gleaned that enlarge the emerging interest in the importance of Buddhism to Western art.
On the formation of H-alpha line emission around classical T Tauri stars
Creators: name: Kurosawa, Ryuichi
name: Harries, Tim J.
name: Symington, Neil H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present radiative transfer models of the circumstellar environment of classical T Tauri stars, concentrating on the formation of the H-alpha emission. The wide variety of line profiles seen in observations are indicative of both inflow and outflow, and we therefore employ a circumstellar structure that includes both magnetospheric accretion and a disc wind. We perform systematic investigations of the model parameters for the wind and the magnetosphere to search for possible geometrical and physical conditions which lead to the types of profiles seen in observations. We find that the hybrid models can reproduce the wide range of profile types seen in observations, and that the most common profile types observed occupy a large volume of parameter space. Conversely, the most infrequently observed profile morphologies require a very specific set of models parameters. We find our model profiles are consistent with the canonical value of the mass-loss rate to mass-accretion rate ratio (mu=0.1) found in earlier magneto-hydrodynamic calculations and observations, but the models with 0.05
description: 18 pages, 17 figures. Accepted by MNRAS
Universal Landau-Zener regimes in dynamical topological phase transitions
Creators: name: Ge, Yang
name: Rigol, Marcos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In finite systems driven unitarily across topological phase transitions, the Chern number and the Bott index have been found to exhibit different behaviors depending on the boundary conditions and on the commensurability of the lattice. For periodic boundary conditions, the Chern number does not change for finite commensurate lattices (or in the thermodynamic limit). On the other hand, the Chern number can change for incommensurate lattices with periodic boundary conditions and the Bott index can change for lattices with open boundary conditions. Here we show that the scalings of the fields at which those two indices change exhibit Landau-Zener and near-adiabatic regimes depending on the speed at which the strength of the drive is ramped up and on the system size. Those regimes are preceded by a regime in which the topological indices do not change. The latter is the only regime that, for nonvanishing ramp speeds, survives in the thermodynamic limit. We then show that the dc Hall response can be used to detect topological phase transitions independently of the behavior of the topological indices.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, as published
Application of a rational model of stream equilibrium for predicting channel adjustments
Creators: name: MacVicar, Bruce Jonathan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In this thesis, channel geometry adjustments and possible restoration efforts were modeled and interpreted for three streams in British Columbia using the physical model of Millar and Quick (1993). The major challenge of the project was to overcome limitations in our ability to quantify important physical processes such as flow resistance, sediment transport, and bank stability in order to access the inherent predictive and modeling capabilities of a rational approach. In practical terms this meant the model had to be calibrated to past adjustments of channel geometry before it could be used to predict future changes. The success of calibration was found to be dependent on the type of disturbance a stream was adjusting to. Disturbances of bank stability were readily modeled. Calibration was facilitated by the sensitivity of modeled widths to changes in bank stability and the availability of air photographs to measure historical changes in channel width. Slesse Creek was found to have been disturbed by a reduction in bank stability due to forest harvesting in the riparian area of the creek. The creek adjusted by widening its channel and switching from a single to a multiple thread. Modeling results indicated that a moderate increase in bank stability could be used to reinstate a singlethread channel, reduce bank and floodplain erosion and allow vegetation to recover. Disturbances to water discharges were also readily modeled provided that flow records existed or that past flows could be estimated from a clearly defined bankfull flow condition. Shovelnose Creek was found to have been disturbed by an increase in the discharge conveyed by the channel. The creek adjusted to the increase by widening and deepening its channel, and breaks in the slope were introduced. These breaks were now control points as channel discharge has been reduced to pre-disturbance levels. Modeling indicated that the use of point deflectors to narrow and deepen the channel may be particularly suited to Shovelnose Creek due to the lateral and vertical stability of the channel. Disturbances to the sediment transport regime were not readily modeled. The example of Harris Creek highlighted the difficulty of assessing simultaneous changes of particle sizes, channel roughness, and sediment transport. The longer time scale of sediment supply waves and effect of bedrock control on slope were additional difficulties. The approach used to apply the rational model of Millar and Quick (1993) was advantageous because it focused on stream processes, produced exact numerical results and resulted in a stream response framework that was specific to each stream. The approach thus represents a step forward from other available approaches. Further research that could increase the applicability of the rational model is discussed.
Gamma-Ray Burst Selected High Redshift Galaxies: Comparison to Field Galaxy Populations to z~3
Creators: name: Conselice, C. J.
name: Vreeswijk, P. M.
name: Fruchter, A. S.
name: Levan, A.
name: Kouveliotou, C.
name: Fynbo, J. P. U.
name: Gorosabel, J.
name: Tanvir, N. R.
name: Thorsett, S. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the internal structural properties of 37 long duration gamma-ray burst (GRB) host galaxies imaged with the Hubble Space Telescope. Fitting exponential disk and r^1/4 models to the surface brightness profiles of eight z < 1.2 bright host galaxies, we find that the disk model is slightly preferred for most hosts, although two galaxies are fit best with an r^1/4 profile. We furthermore measure the central concentrations and asymmetries of all 37 host galaxies using the CAS system, and compare with field galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field. Our first main conclusion is that GRB hosts exhibit a surprisingly high diversity of galaxy types. A significant fraction (68%) of host galaxies are situated in a region of the concentration-asymmetry diagram occupied by spirals or peculiar/merging galaxies. Twelve hosts (32%) are situated in the region occupied by elliptical galaxies, having high concentration indices. We also find some evidence for evolution in GRB host galaxy morphology, such that hosts at z > 1 have a relatively high light concentration, indicating that these systems are perhaps progenitors of massive galaxies, or are compact blue star forming galaxies. We find that GRB hosts at z > 1 are different from the general field population at z > 1 in terms of light concentration at >99.5% confidence, yet have sizes similar to the general z > 1 population. This is the opposite of the effect at z < 1 where GRB hosts are smaller than average. We argue that GRB hosts trace the starburst population at high redshift, as similarly concentrated galaxies at z > 1 are undergoing a disproportionate amount of star formation for their luminosities. Our results show that GRBs are perhaps ideal tracers of typical galaxies undergoing star formation at any epoch.
description: Astrophysical Journal, in press, Oct. 10th, 2005 issue
title: Analysis of the Spinopelvic Parameters in Patients with Fragility Fractures of the Pelvis
Creators: name: Lodde, Moritz Friedrich
name: Fischer, Thies M.
name: Riesenbeck, Oliver
name: Roßlenbroich, Steffen Bernd
name: Katthagen, J. Christoph
name: Rometsch, Daria
name: Günes, Dennis
name: Schneider, Marc
name: Raschke, Michael J.
name: Liljenqvist, Ulf
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610 Medicine and health

description: Background: We investigated the spinopelvic parameters of lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT) and sacral slope (SS) in patients with fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFPs). We hypothesized that these parameters differ from asymptomatic patients. Methods: All patients treated for FFPs in a center of maximal care of the German Spine Society (DWG) between 2017 and 2021 were included. The inclusion criteria were age ≥ 60 years and the availability of a standing lateral radiograph of the spine and pelvis in which the spine from T12 to S1 and both femoral heads were visible. The baseline characteristics and study parameters were calculated and compared with databases of asymptomatic patients. The two-sample t-Test was performed with p < 0.05. Results: The study population (n = 57) consisted of 49 female patients. The mean age was 81.0 years. The mean LL was 47.9°, the mean PT was 29.4°, the mean SS was 34.2° and the mean PI was 64.4°. The mean value of LLI was 0.7. LL, LLI and SS were significantly reduced, and PI and PT were significantly increased compared to asymptomatic patients. Conclusions: The spinopelvic parameters in patients with FFPs differ significantly from asymptomatic patients. In patients with FFPs, LL, LLI and SS are significantly reduced, and PI and PT are significantly increased. The sagittal spinopelvic balance is abnormal in patients with FFPs.
description: Finanziert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der Universität Münster.
Berkeley Undergraduate Field Methods: Lulamogi
Creators: name: Mukacha, Andrew
name: Bothfeld, Sarah
name: Faytak, Matthew
name: Granados, Alejandro
name: Hyman, Larry M.
name: Lei, Justin
name: Minas, Emil
name: Morales, Mark
name: Rolle, Nicholas
name: Schultz, Donald
name: Spingeld, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2021

description: Audio recordings of class and small-group elicitation sessions
Model-based analysis support for dependable complex systems in CHESS
Creators: name: Ihirwe, Felicien
name: Mazzini, Silvia
name: Pierini, Pierluigi
name: Debiasi, Alberto
name: Tonetta, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The challenges related to dependable complex systems are heterogeneous and involve different aspects of the system. On one hand, the decision-making processes need to take into account many options. On the other hand, the design of the system's logical architecture must consider various dependability concerns such as safety, reliability, and security. Moreover, in case of high-assurance systems, the analysis of such concerns must be performed with rigorous methods. In this paper, we present the new development of CHESS, a cross-domain, model-driven, component-based, and open-source tool for the development of high-integrity systems. We focus on the new recently distributed version of CHESS, which supports extended model-based development and analyses for safety and security concerns. Finally, we present contributions of CHESS to several international research projects.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures
MPEC 2024-A77 : 2019 YU3
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Precision of Inflaton Potential Reconstruction from CMB Using the General Slow-Roll Approximation
Creators: name: Kadota, Kenji
name: Dodelson, Scott
name: Hu, Wayne
name: Stewart, Ewan D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Through a principal component analysis, we study how accurately CMB observables can constrain inflaton potentials in a model independent manner. We apply the general slow-roll approximation in our analysis where we allow, in contrast to the standard slow-roll approximation, the possibility of variations in $V''(ϕ)$ and take into account the fact that horizon crossing is not an instantaneous event. Our analysis provides a set of modes to be used in fitting observables. We find that of order five of these modes will be constrained by future observations, so a fully general data analysis package could use the amplitudes of just a handful of modes as free parameters and retain all relevant information in the data.
Calculable microscopic theory for $^{12}$C($α, γ$)$^{16}$O cross section near Gamow window
Creators: name: Suzuki, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $^{12}$C$(α, γ)^{16}$O radiative-capture process is a key reaction to produce the element of oxygen in stars. Measuring the cross section near the Gamow window is extremely hard because it is too small. To make a theoretical contribution towards resolving the long-standing problem, I present a microscopic formulation that aims at providing all materials needed to calculate the cross section. The states of $^{12}$C and $^{16}$O relevant to the reaction are respectively described with fully microscopic 3 $α$-particle and 4 $α$-particle configurations, in which the relative motion among the $α$ particles is expanded in terms of correlated Gaussian basis functions. The configuration space has the advantage of being able to well describe the reduced $α$-width amplitudes of the states of $^{16}$O. Both electric dipole and electric quadrupole transitions are responsible for the radiative-capture process. The $α$ particle is described with a $(0s)^4$ configuration admixed with a small amount of an isospin $T=1$ impurity component, which is crucially important to account for the isovector electric dipole transition. The isoscalar electric dipole operators are also taken into account up to the first order beyond the long-wavelength approximation. All the necessary ingredients are provided to make the paper self-contained and ready for numerical computations.
description: 25 pages, accepted for publication in Few-Body Systems
Deep Transfer Learning for Signal Detection in Ambient Backscatter Communications
Creators: name: Liu, Chang
name: Wei, Zhiqiang
name: Ng, Derrick Wing Kwan
name: Yuan, Jinhong
name: Liang, Ying-Chang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Tag signal detection is one of the key tasks in ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) systems. However, obtaining perfect channel state information (CSI) is challenging and costly, which makes AmBC systems suffer from a high bit error rate (BER). To eliminate the requirement of channel estimation and to improve the system performance, in this paper, we adopt a deep transfer learning (DTL) approach to implicitly extract the features of channel and directly recover tag symbols. To this end, we develop a DTL detection framework which consists of offline learning, transfer learning, and online detection. Specifically, a DTL-based likelihood ratio test (DTL-LRT) is derived based on the minimum error probability (MEP) criterion. As a realization of the developed framework, we then apply convolutional neural networks (CNN) to intelligently explore the features of the sample covariance matrix, which facilitates the design of a CNN-based algorithm for tag signal detection. Exploiting the powerful capability of CNN in extracting features of data in the matrix formation, the proposed method is able to further improve the system performance. In addition, an asymptotic explicit expression is also derived to characterize the properties of the proposed CNN-based method when the number of samples is sufficiently large. Finally, extensive simulation results demonstrate that the BER performance of the proposed method is comparable to that of the optimal detection method with perfect CSI.
description: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Asymptotically Optimal Multiple-access Communication via Distributed Rate Splitting
Creators: name: Cao, Jian
name: Yeh, Edmund M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the multiple-access communication problem in a distributed setting for both the additive white Gaussian noise channel and the discrete memoryless channel. We propose a scheme called Distributed Rate Splitting to achieve the optimal rates allowed by information theory in a distributed manner. In this scheme, each real user creates a number of virtual users via a power/rate splitting mechanism in the M-user Gaussian channel or via a random switching mechanism in the M-user discrete memoryless channel. At the receiver, all virtual users are successively decoded. Compared with other multiple-access techniques, Distributed Rate Splitting can be implemented with lower complexity and less coordination. Furthermore, in a symmetric setting, we show that the rate tuple achieved by this scheme converges to the maximum equal rate point allowed by the information-theoretic bound as the number of virtual users per real user tends to infinity. When the capacity regions are asymmetric, we show that a point on the dominant face can be achieved asymptotically. Finally, when there is an unequal number of virtual users per real user, we show that differential user rate requirements can be accommodated in a distributed fashion.
description: Submitted to the IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 15 Pages
Tailoring magnetocaloric effect in all-d-metal Ni-Co-Mn-Ti Heusler alloys: a combined experimental and theoretical study
Creators: name: Taubel, Andreas
name: Beckmann, Benedikt
name: Pfeuffer, Lukas
name: Fortunato, Nuno
name: Scheibel, Franziska
name: Ener, Semih
name: Gottschall, Tino
name: Skokov, Konstantin P.
name: Zhang, Hongbin
name: Gutfleisch, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Novel Ni-Co-Mn-Ti all-d-metal Heusler alloys are exciting due to large multicaloric effects combined with enhanced mechanical properties. An optimized heat treatment for a series of these compounds leads to very sharp phase transitions in bulk alloys with isothermal entropy changes of up to 38 J kg$^{-1}$ K$^{-1}$ for a magnetic field change of 2 T. The differences of as-cast and annealed samples are analyzed by investigating microstructure and phase transitions in detail by optical microscopy. We identify different grain structures as well as stoichiometric (in)homogenieties as reasons for differently sharp martensitic transitions after ideal and non-ideal annealing. We develop alloy design rules for tuning the magnetostructural phase transition and evaluate specifically the sensitivity of the transition temperature towards the externally applied magnetic fields ($\frac{dT_t}{μ_0dH}$) by analyzing the different stoichiometries. We then set up a phase diagram including martensitic transition temperatures and austenite Curie temperatures depending on the e/a ratio for varying Co and Ti content. The evolution of the Curie temperature with changing stoichiometry is compared to other Heusler systems. Density Functional Theory calculations reveal a correlation of T$_C$ with the stoichiometry as well as with the order state of the austenite. This combined approach of experiment and theory allows for an efficient development of new systems towards promising magnetocaloric properties. Direct adiabatic temperature change measurements show here the largest change of -4 K in a magnetic field change of 1.93 T for Ni$_{35}$Co$_{15}$Mn$_{37}$Ti$_{13}$.
Modelling Decentralized Hydrogen Systems: Lessons Learned and Challenges from German Regions
Creators: name: Jarosch, Charlotte
name: Jahnke, Philipp
name: Giehl, Johannes
name: Himmel, Jana
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: green hydrogen
subject: power-to-gas
subject: hydrogen-production costs
subject: renewable energies
subject: operation mode
subject: flexibility
subject: energy transition

description: Green hydrogen produced by power-to-gas will play a major role in the defossilization of the energy system as it offers both carbon-neutral chemical energy and the chance to provide flexibility. This paper provides an extensive analysis of hydrogen production in decentralized energy systems, as well as possible operation modes (H2 generation or system flexibility). Modelling was realized for municipalities—the lowest administrative unit in Germany, thus providing high spatial resolution—in the linear optimization framework OEMOF. The results allowed for a detailed regional analysis of the specific operating modes and were analyzed using full-load hours, share of used negative residual load, installed capacity and levelized cost of hydrogen to derive the operation mode of power-to-gas to produce hydrogen. The results show that power-to-gas is mainly characterized by constant hydrogen production and rarely provides flexibility to the system. Main drivers of this dominant operation mode include future demand for hydrogen and the fact that high full-load hours reduce hydrogen-production costs. However, changes in the regulatory, market and technical framework could promote more flexibility and support possible use cases for the central technology to succeed in the energy transition.
On a Dynamical Brauer-Manin Obstruction
Creators: name: Hsia, Liang-Chung
name: Silverman, Joseph H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B37, 11G99, 11R56, 14G99, 37F10

description: Let F : X --> X be a morphism of a variety defined over a number field K, let V be a K-subvariety of X, and let O_F(P)= {F^n(P) :n=0,1,2,...} be the orbit of a point P in X(K). We describe a local-global principle for the intersection of V and O_F(P). This principle may be viewed as a dynamical analog of the Brauer-Manin obstruction. We show that the rational points of V(K) are Brauer--Manin unobstructed for power maps on P^2 in two cases: (1) V is a translate of a torus. (2) V is a line and P has a preperiodic coordinate. A key tool in the proofs is the classical Bang-Zsigmondy theorem on primitive divisors in sequences. We also prove analogous local-global results for dynamical systems associated to endomoprhisms of abelian varieties.
description: 17 pages
title: Tereny kolejowe i elektrownie wiatrowe w miejscowych planach zagospodarowania przestrzennego a postępowanie administracyjne w organie administracji architektoniczno-budowlanej
Creators: name: Kunik, Karolina
name: Nadolny, Adam
Publisher: name: Publishing House of Poznan University of Technology
Year: 2023

description: Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura, Urbanistyka, Architektura Wnętrz, 15, 127-139
Fast neutrino flavor conversion, ejecta properties, and nucleosynthesis in newly-formed hypermassive remnants of neutron-star mergers
Creators: name: George, Manu
name: Wu, Meng-Ru
name: Tamborra, Irene
name: Ardevol-Pulpillo, Ricard
name: Janka, Hans-Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrinos emitted in the coalescence of two neutron stars affect the dynamics of the outflow ejecta and the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements. In this work, we analyze the neutrino emission properties and the conditions leading to the growth of flavor instabilities in merger remnants consisting of a hypermassive neutron star and an accretion disk during the first 10 ms after the merger. The analyses are based on hydrodynamical simulations that include a modeling of neutrino emission and absorption effects via the "Improved Leakage-Equilibration-Absorption Scheme" (ILEAS). We also examine the nucleosynthesis of the heavy elements via the rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) inside the material ejected during this phase. The dominant emission of $\barν_e$ over $ν_e$ from the merger remnant leads to favorable conditions for the occurrence of fast pairwise flavor conversions of neutrinos, independent of the chosen equation of state or the mass ratio of the binary. The nucleosynthesis outcome is very robust, ranging from the first to the third r-process peaks. In particular, more than $10^{-5}$ $M_\odot$ of strontium are produced in these early ejecta that may account for the GW170817 kilonova observation. We find that the amount of ejecta containing free neutrons after the $r$-process freeze-out, which may power early-time UV emission, is reduced by roughly a factor of 10 when compared to simulations that do not include weak interactions. Finally, the potential flavor equipartition between all neutrino flavors is mainly found to affect the nucleosynthesis outcome in the polar ejecta within $\lesssim 30^\circ$, by changing the amount of the produced iron-peak and first-peak nuclei, but it does not alter the lanthanide mass fraction therein.
description: matches the published version
Link, Hans-Georg, Stöhr, Martin: Der Herr des Lebens
Creators: name: Hammerstein, Franz Von
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 36 Nr. 2 (1987): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 36, Heft 2
Universal Statistics of Vortices in a Newborn Holographic Superconductor: Beyond the Kibble-Zurek Mechanism
Creators: name: del Campo, Adolfo
name: Gómez-Ruiz, Fernando Javier
name: Li, Zhi-Hong
name: Xia, Chuan-Yin
name: Zeng, Hua-Bi
name: Zhang, Hai-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Traversing a continuous phase transition at a finite rate leads to the breakdown of adiabatic dynamics and the formation of topological defects, as predicted by the celebrated Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM). We investigate universal signatures beyond the KZM, by characterizing the distribution of vortices generated in a thermal quench leading to the formation of a holographic superconductor. The full counting statistics of vortices is described by a binomial distribution, in which the mean value is dictated by the KZM and higher-order cumulants share the universal power-law scaling with the quench time. Extreme events associated with large fluctuations no longer exhibit a power-law behavior with the quench time and are characterized by a universal form of the Weibull distribution for different quench rates.
description: Submitted version
All entangled states are useful for information processing
Creators: name: Masanes, Ll.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The question whether all entangled states can be used as a nonclassical resource has remained open so far. Here we provide a conclusive answer to this problem for the case of systems shared by two parties. We show that any entangled state $σ$ can enhance the teleportation power of some other state. This holds even if the state $σ$ is bound entangled.
description: 4 pages
Elicitation on ergative marking, biased questions, some/all implicature
Creators: name: Rudolph, Johnny (Soni)
name: Drummond, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: nkr

description: Elicitation investigating post-verbal subjects and ergative marking, biased polar questions, and implicature based on some/all.
The hydraulic conductivity and adsorptivity of clay barrier materials containing organoclay
Creators: name: Denham, William T.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study investigated the hydraulic conductivity (k) and adsorptivity of simulated clay barrier material which contained organoclay, for the purpose of discovering if the inclusion of organoclay in clay barrier material could effectively immobilize inorganic contaminants. The organoclay was produced using sodium bentonite and the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) . The test chemicals used to investigate k and adsorptivity were pentachlorophenol (PCP), naphthalene (NP), toluene (TL), and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). Batch adsorption tests using the test chemicals in dilute concentrations were performed on bentonite and organoclay. Clay barrier materials were produced with bentonite, organoclay, and sand. These clay barrier materials were compacted, placed in a rigid-wall permeameter, and permeated with 0.01 M CaSO4 or 0.01 M CaCl2, and also with dilute solutions of the test chemicals. Air pressure was used to create hydraulic head through the permeameter, and k of the clay barrier materials with and without organoclay was determined. The effluent from the permeameter was collected and analyzed for the test chemicals. Results from the batch adsorption tests indicated that organoclay was much more effective than bentonite in adsorbing PCP, NP and TL from a dilute aqueous solution. These three chemicals are sparing soluble in water. Neither organoclay nor bentonite effectively adsorbed MEK, the only test chemical in the study that was highly soluble in water. However, organoclay did adsorb more MEK than bentonite. Organoclay was shown to have a significant effect on k in the clay barrier materials, always increasing k as compared to clay barrier material which did not contain organoclay. There was also a considerable interaction between k, organoclay, and the test chemicals. NP and TL caused a large increase in k in the clay barrier materials containing organoclay, and MEK caused a decrease. This interaction, though present, was not as pronounced in the clay barrier materials which did not contain organoclay. Testing of the effluent in the permeameter tests showed that clay barrier materials containing organoclay retained PCP much better than clay barrier materials without organoclay. However, the retention of PCP was not as great as would be predicted using the results of the batch adsorption tests. [Scientific formulae used in this abstract could not be reproduced.]
Benchmarking magnetizabilities with recent density functionals
Creators: name: Lehtola, Susi
name: Dimitrova, Maria
name: Fliegl, Heike
name: Sundholm, Dage
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have assessed the accuracy for magnetic properties of a set of 51 density functional approximations, including both recently published as well as already established functionals. The accuracy assessment considers a series of 27 small molecules and is based on comparing the predicted magnetizabilities to literature reference values calculated using coupled cluster theory with full singles and doubles and perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] employing large basis sets. The most accurate magnetizabilities, defined as the smallest mean absolute error, were obtained with the BHandHLYP functional. Three of the six studied Berkeley functionals and the three range-separated Florida functionals also yield accurate magnetizabilities. Also some older functionals like CAM-B3LYP, KT1, BHLYP (BHandH), B3LYP and PBE0 perform rather well. In contrast, unsatisfactory performance was generally obtained with Minnesota functionals, which are therefore not recommended for calculations of magnetically induced current density susceptibilities, and related magnetic properties such as magnetizabilities and nuclear magnetic shieldings. We also demonstrate that magnetizabilities can be calculated by numerical integration of the magnetizability density; we have implemented this approach as a new feature in the gauge-including magnetically induced current method (GIMIC). Magnetizabilities can be calculated from magnetically induced current density susceptibilities within this approach even when analytical approaches for magnetizabilities as the second derivative of the energy have not been implemented. The magnetizability density can also be visualized, providing additional information that is not otherwise easily accessible on the spatial origin of the magnetizabilities.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures + 25 pages of supporting information
Cyclotron Maser Emission from Blazar Jets?
Creators: name: Begelman, Mitchell C.
name: Ergun, Robert E.
name: Rees, Martin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the production of electron cyclotron maser emission by low-density, highly magnetized plasmas in relativistic jets. The population inversion required to drive cyclotron maser instability could occur in localized, transient sites where hydromagnetic instabilities, shocks, and/or turbulence lead to magnetic mirroring along current-carrying flux tubes. The maser is pumped as electrons are accelerated by the parallel electric field that develops as a result of the mirror. We estimate the maximum brightness temperatures that can be obtained in a single maser site and in an array of many masers operating simultaneously, under conditions likely to apply in blazar jets. Synchrotron absorption, by relativistic electrons within the jet, presents the largest obstacle to the escape of the maser radiation, and may render most of it invisible. However, we argue that a high brightness temperature could be produced in a thin boundary layer outside the synchrotron photosphere, perhaps in the shear layer along the wall of the jet. Induced Compton scattering provides additional constraints on the maximum brightness temperature of a masing jet. We suggest that recent observations of diffractive scintillation in the blazar J1819+3845, indicating intrinsic brightness temperatures greater than 10^{14} K at 5 GHz, may be explained in terms of cyclotron maser emission. High brightness temperature maser emission from blazar jets may extend to frequencies as high as ~100 GHz, with the maximum possible T_B scaling roughly as 1/frequency. Less massive relativistic jet sources, such as microquasars, are even better candidates for producing cyclotron maser emission, primarily in the infrared and optical bands.
description: 22 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal