Sibinia viscariae Linnaeus 1760
Creators: name: Skuhrovec, Jiří
name: Gosik, Rafał
name: Caldara, Roberto
name: Košťál, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Sibinia
Sibinia viscariae

description: <i>Sibinia viscariae</i> (Linnaeus, 1760) Caldara, 1985: 33. <b>Material examined</b>. 31 larvae from seeds of <i>Silene vulgaris</i> (Moench) collected 3.vii. 1982 at Levanto (Liguria, northern Italy), leg. R. Caldara, and 12 (5 &amp;male;&amp;male;, 7 &amp;female;&amp;female;) pupae obtained from larvae collected similarly to the others, all determined by association with reared adults. <b>Differential diagnosis.</b> See Key to the immatures of the Palaearctic species of the genus <i>Sibinia</i> and Table. 3. <b>Description of mature larva.</b> COLORATION. Head brown to dark yellow. All thoracic and abdominal segments light yellow. HEAD CAPSULE AND MOUTH PARTS. Head width: 0.68–0.75 mm (see Table. 1). Endocarinal line present, reaching middle of frons. <i>Des</i> <i>1</i> very short, located near frontal suture; <i>des</i> <i>2</i> very short, located almost in central parts of epicarnium; <i>des</i> <i>3</i> long, located along frontal suture; <i>des</i> <i>4</i> absent; <i>des</i> <i>5</i> long, located anterolaterally (Fig. 46). <i>Fs</i> <i>1</i> and <i>fs</i> <i>2</i> absent; <i>fs</i> <i>3</i> minute, located medially; <i>fs</i> <i>4</i> long, located anteromedially (along epistoma); <i>fs</i> <i>5</i> very long, located anterolaterally (along epistoma), <i>fs</i> <i>5</i> 2.5 times as long as <i>fs</i> <i>4</i> (Fig. 46). <i>Les</i> almost as long as <i>des</i> <i>3</i>; both <i>ves</i> short. Postepicranial area with 1 <i>pes</i> and with 3 sensilla. Antennal segment membranous, bearing conical sensorium and 2 very short, conical, sensilla (Fig. 49). Clypeus (Fig. 50) 3 times as wide as long; without setae, and 1 sensillum, all located posterolaterally; anterior margin slightly rounded inside. Labrum (Fig. 50) approximately 3.5 times as wide as long; <i>lms</i> <i>1</i> distinctly shorter than <i>lms</i> <i>2</i>, and as long as <i>lms</i> <i>3</i>; anterior margin slightly sinuate. Epipharynx (Fig. 51) with 2 short, finger-like <i>als</i>, similar in length; with 3 short <i>ams</i>, similar in length; with 2 relatively short and finger-like <i>mes</i> (see comments about <i>ams</i> and <i>mes</i> in Material and Methods); labral rods elongate, kidney-shaped, strongly converging posteriorly. Mandibles (Fig. 48) with 1 moderately long <i>mds</i>. Maxilla (Fig. 47): stipes with 1 long <i>stps</i>, and with 2 long <i>pfs</i>, <i>pfs</i> <i>1</i> 1.5 times as long as <i>pfs</i> <i>2</i>; 1 very short <i>mbs</i>; mala with 4 slightly curved <i>dms</i>, different in length; with 3 very short <i>vms</i>, almost of equal length. Maxillary palpi: length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres 1: 1.7; basal palpomera with 1 short <i>mxps</i>; distal palpomera with group of 3–4 conical, cuticular apical processes. Prementum (Fig. 47) almost rounded, with 1 <i>prms</i>; margin of ligula slightly curved inside; ligula with 2 <i>ligs</i>; premental sclerite clearly visible. Postmentum (Fig. 47) with 2 <i>pms</i>, <i>pms</i> <i>1</i> absent, long <i>pms</i> <i>2</i>, 2.5 times as long as <i>pms</i> <i>3</i>. THORAX AND ABDOMEN. Body length 4.20–5.30 mm (see Table. 1), elongate (Fig. 52). Abdominal segments I– V almost equal in length, slightly larger than abdominal segment VI and VII (Fig. 52). Spiracles on abdomen in median parts of segments (abdominal seg. I–VIII). Chaetotaxy of body rather reduced. Setae long to very short and light yellow. <b>Thorax.</b> Prothorax (Fig. 53) with 9 <i>prn</i>, 8 macro- and 1 microsetae; 2 moderately long <i>ps</i> of same length; 1 moderately short <i>eus</i>. Meso- and metathorax (Fig. 53) with 1 long <i>prs</i>; 2 long <i>pds</i>, different in length; alar area with moderately long 1 <i>as</i>; 1 long <i>ss</i> (mesothorax with very short <i>ss</i>); 1 moderately long <i>eps</i>; 2 moderately long <i>ps</i>; and 1 moderately short <i>eus</i>. Each pedal area of thoracic segments well-separated and with 2–4 <i>pda</i>. <b>Abdomen.</b> Abdominal segments I–VII (Figs. 54, 55) with 1 moderately long <i>prs</i>; 3 <i>pds</i> of different length, <i>pds</i> <i>1</i> and <i>pds</i> <i>3</i> very short to short, <i>pds</i> <i>2</i> long; 2 <i>ss</i> of different length, <i>ss</i> <i>1</i> very short, <i>ss</i> <i>2</i> moderately long; 2 moderately long <i>eps</i> in equal length; 2 <i>ps</i> of different length, <i>ps</i> <i>1</i> short and <i>ps</i> <i>2</i> moderately long; 1 moderately long <i>lsts</i>; and 2 short <i>eus</i>. Abdominal segment VIII (Fig. 55) with 1 moderately long <i>prs</i>; 3 <i>pds</i> of different length, <i>pds</i> <i>1</i> and <i>pds</i> <i>3</i> short, <i>pds</i> <i>2</i> moderately long; 2 <i>ss</i> of different length, <i>ss</i> <i>1</i> minute, <i>ss</i> <i>2</i> moderately long; 2 moderately long <i>eps</i> in equal length; 2 <i>ps</i> of different length, <i>ps</i> <i>1</i> short and <i>ps</i> <i>2</i> moderately long; 1 moderately long <i>lsts</i>; and 2 very short <i>eus</i>. Abdominal segment IX (Fig. 55) with 2 long <i>ds</i>; 2 <i>ps</i> of different length, <i>ps</i> <i>1</i> short and <i>ps</i> <i>2</i> moderately long; and 2 moderately long <i>sts</i> in equal length. Anal lobes on abdominal segment X (Fig. 55) without setae. <b>Description of pupa.</b> COLORATION. Body yellow. MORPHOLOGY (Figs. 56–60). Body length 2.95–3.90 mm; widest part 1.90–2.40 mm (see Table. 2). Body moderately stout. Rostrum long, approximately 5 times as long as wide, reaching mesocoxae. Pronotum 1.85 times as wide as long. CHAETOTAXY (Figs. 56–60). Setae distinct, short to moderately long, unequal in length, light brown, on head, rostrum and thorax hair-like, on abdomen almost as thorn-like. <i>Sos</i> and <i>pas</i> slightly shorter than other setae of head and rostrum (Fig. 57). All pronotal setae moderately long and equal in length (Fig. 59). Setae on abdominal segments I–VIII located posteromedially and posterolaterally; all abdominal setae short, curved, located on thornlike protuberances. Pseudocerci elongated, slightly curved to inside. <b>Biological observations.</b> The larvae fed on seeds, and mature larvae left the capsule and entered the soil to pupate. Pupation was observed 10 days after the larvae entered the soil. Adults were found in the cells 9 days later. <b>Remarks.</b> This common species with a wide Euro-Asiatic distribution was reported to live on several species belonging to the genera <i>Silene</i> (<i>S</i>. <i>dioica</i> L., <i>S</i>. <i>nutans</i> L., and <i>S</i>. <i>vulgaris</i> L.) and <i>Lychnis</i> (<i>L</i>. <i>viscaria</i> L.: Hoffmann 1955; Caldara 1985; Dieckmann 1988; Rheinheimer &amp; Hassler 2010). The larva and the pupa were described synthetically by Scherf (1964), who reported on only length and coloration of the body, without comments on chaetotaxy.
description: Published as part of <i>Skuhrovec, Jiří, Gosik, Rafał, Caldara, Roberto &amp; Košťál, Michael, 2015, Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Sibinia (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with suggestions on their potential value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus, pp. 151-187 in Zootaxa 2</i> on pages 170-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3955.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239116
description: {"references": ["Caldara, R. (1985) Revisione delle Sibinia paleartiche (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 62 / 63 (1983 - 1984), 24 - 105.", "Hoffmann, A. (1955) Coleopteres Curculionides (deuxieme partie). Faune de France, 59, 487 - 1207.", "Dieckmann, L. (1988) Beitrage zur Insektenfauna der DDR: Curculionidae (Curculioninae: Ellescini, Acalyptini, Tychiini, Anthonomini, Curculionini). Beitrage zur Entomologie, 38, 365 - 468.", "Rheinheimer, J. &amp; Hassler, M. (2010) Die Russelkafer Baden-Wurttembergs. Verlag Regionalkultur &amp; LUBW Landesanstalt fur Umwelt, Messungen und Naturschutz Baden-Wurttemberg, Karlsruhe, 944 pp.", "Scherf, H. (1964) Die Entwicklungsstadien der mitteleuropaischen Curculioniden (Morphologie, Bionomie, Okologie). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 506, 1 - 335."]}