Oplophorus spinosus
Creators: name: Cardoso, Irene
name: Contents, Paulo Young Table Of
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Oplophoridae
Oplophorus
Oplophorus spinosus

description: Oplophorus spinosus (Brullé, 1839)   
(Figs 44–48)  
 Palaemon spinosus Brullé, 1839: 18.   
 Oplophorus grimaldii Coutiére, 1905: 1, fig. I1–9; Calman, 1939: 189; Chace, 1940: 187, fig. 55; Kensley, 1972: 38, fig. 17i, j.   
 Oplophorus spinosus — Holthuis, 1949: 229; Crosnier & Forest, 1973: 25; Chace, 1986: 59; Kensley, 1987: 289.   
Material examined: Revizee Program: E­0538, 20°27’S, 39°38’W, 1680m, 1 female (24mm), MNRJ 14866; E­0543, 21°23’S, 40°11’W, 666m, 1 female (12mm), 3 males (12 to 13), MNRJ 14867; E­0534, 19°42’S, 39°21’W, 613m, 1 male (13mm), MNRJ 14868; E ­0523, 19°42’S, 38°32’W, 922m, 1 female (13mm), MNRJ 14869; E­0552, 21°07’S, 39°46’W, 1694m, 1 ovigerous female (15mm), 1 male (14mm), MNRJ 14872; E­0550, 21°26’S, 39°46’W, 1598m, 1 male (20mm), MNRJ 14873; E­0544, 21°24’S, 40°02’W, 1159m, 3 females (13 to14mm), MNRJ 14874; E­0524, 19°43’S, 38°39’W, 925m, 1 ovigerous female (14mm), 1 female (12mm), MNRJ 14875; E­0541, 21°13’S, 40°14’W, 557m, 3 females (10 to 12mm), MNRJ 14876; E­0535, 19°58’S, 39°38’W, 1002m, 1 ovigerous female (13mm), 4 females (11 to 15mm), MNRJ 14877; E­0528, 19°45’S, 39°03’W, 1237m, 2 females (11, 14mm), MNRJ 14879; E­0512, 15°50’S, 38°02’W, 1043m, 1 female (17mm), MNRJ 14880; E­0540, 21°12’S, 40°00’W, 1364m, 2 ovigerous females (13, 17mm), 2 females (11,12mm), MNRJ 14881; E­0526, 20°06’S, 38°40’W, 1637m, 1 female (10mm), 2 males (15, 17mm), MNRJ 14882; E­0549, 21°25’S, 39°43’W, 1718m, 1 female (15mm), MNRJ 14886. Oceanprof I: A­12, 22°11'S, 39°47'W, 1632m, 1 male (15.5mm), MNRJ 19184; A­7, 22°45'S, 40°19'W, 1124m, 3 females (8 to 10mm), 3 males (11 to 13mm), MNRJ 19186; A­4, 22°24'S, 39°54'W, 1128m, 1 ovigerous female (17mm), MNRJ 19187; A­2, 30'S, 40°00'W, 1122m, 1 male (14mm), MNRJ 19193; A­6, 22°27'S, 39°52'W, 1649m, 1 female (13mm), MNRJ 19217; A­9, 22°41'S, 40°02'W, 1609m, 3 females (13.5 to 19mm), MNRJ 19188; A­18, 22°15'S, 39°47"W, 1608m, 1 female (12mm), 2 males (16, 17.5mm), MNRJ 19190; A­1, 22°45'S, 40°10'W, 1322m, 6 females (8.5 to 12.5mm), 4 males (13 to 18mm), MNRJ 19185; A­16, 22°15'S, 39°53'W, 1071m, 2 males (16.5, 19mm), MNRJ 19189.  
Diagnosis: Carapace with rostrum overreaching scaphocerite, ventral margin with seven teeth; antennal spine present; branchiostegal spine present, without distinct carina; without sharp tooth near posterior end of ventral margin; with posterior extensions of upper lateral rostral carina slightly convergent in dorsal aspect. Scaphocerite with 11 teeth on outer margin, and a barb near apex of inner margin. Abdomen not dorsally carinate on somite 6; pleura of somite 1 without small tooth on ventral margin; somites 3 to 5 with posteromesial tooth, the one of somite 3 distinctly strong. Male pleopod 1 with endopod rounded, densely plumose setae on lateral margins, hook setae on apex; male pleopod 2, appendix masculina slender with strong pectinate setae on apex; appendix interna half length of appendix masculina, lateral margins with pappose setae, distal portion rounded and with numerous hook setae.  
Description: Eyestalk with ocellus on medio­distal portion (Fig. 44B). Carapace with rostrum as long as carapace, overreaching scaphocerite, ventral margin convex, with seven teeth, dorsal margin with 14 teeth; dorsal margin carinate throughout entire length; posterior extensions of upper lateral, rostral carina slightly convergent in dorsal aspect; antennal spine present; branchiostegal spine absent, without distinct carina; supraorbital and pterygostomian spine absent; cervical groove and suprabranchial carina absent; without sharp tooth near posterior end of ventral margin (Fig. 44A). Stylocerite short and broad; apex rounded reaching less than half of first antennular peduncle article; first antennular peduncle article with a blunt tooth on distal outer margin reaching a half of second antennular peduncle article (Fig. 44C). Scaphocerite ending in acute apex, 11 teeth on outer margin, barb near apex of inner margin (Fig. 44D). Mandible with palp threearticulated, incisor process with about 14 teeth; molar process with grooves and a row of many acute teeth (Fig. 45A, B). Maxilla 1 with two endites; distal endite with numerous stout, pectinate and simple setae on inner margin, several pappose setae on outer margin; basal endite with stout setae at surface near inner margin, pappose setae on distal and posterior half of inner margins, pectinate setae on anterior half of inner margin; exopod unarmed on rounded apex, one stout seta on a protuberance, several pappose setae on inner margin (Fig. 45C). Maxilla 2 with two endites; distal endite elongate, pappose­pectinate setae on distal and inner margins; basal endite with pappose and pectinate setae on inner margin; endopod as long as distal endite, pappose­pectinate setae on apex; scaphognathite with densely plumose setae on all margins (Fig. 45D). Maxilliped 1 with two endites; distal endite with stout, pappose­pectinate setae on anterior and inner margins; basal endite with scattered plumose setae on inner margin; endopod three­articulated, twice length of distal endite, with numerous pappose­pectinate setae on apex and inner margin; exopodal lobe with densely plumose setae on all margins; exopod small, densely plumose setae on outer margin (Fig. 45E). Maxilliped 2 endopod with elongate ischium and merus, pappose setae on inner margin; carpus short; propod rounded, pappose­pectinate and long, stout setae on inner margin; dactyl with pappose­pectinate and long, stout setae on inner margin; broad, elongate exopod, densely plumose setae on all margins (Fig. 45F). Maxilliped 3 slender and elongate, simple setae in all articles; propod­dactyl with stout setae in distal portion; exopod with densely plumose setae on all margins (Fig. 45G). Pereopods 1 and 2 chelate. Pereopod 3 ischium and merus with five stout setae on inner margin. Pereopod 4 ischium with six and merus with seven stout setae on inner margins. Pereopod 5 unarmed on inner margin; dactyl not rounded, claw shaped (Fig. 44A). Epipods with mesial teeth on pereopods 1 to 3; epipods well developed on pereopod 4, except for vertical component (Fig. 46A, B). Abdomen dorsally carinate on somites 2 to 4; somites 3 to 6 with posteromesial tooth; the one of somite 3 distinctly strong; somite 6 shorter than somite 5 (Fig. 44A). Male pleopod 1 with endopod rounded, densely plumose setae on lateral margin, hook setae on apex (Fig. 46C); male pleopod 2 appendix masculina slender, strong pectinate setae on apex; appendix interna half length of appendix masculina, lateral margins with pappose setae, apex rounded, numerous hook setae (Fig. 46D). Female pleopod 1 with endopod leaf­shaped densely plumose setae on posterior margin and pappose­pectinate setae on anterior margin (Fig. 46E). Exopod of uropod with complete diaresis, distal spine on outer margin (Fig. 47A). Telson not sulcate in dorsal midline; with two pairs of dorsolateral stout setae, spinose end piece, flanked by a pair of long, stout setae, formed by three pairs of stout, pectinate setae (Fig. 47A, B).  
Distribution: Western Atlantic: U.S.A., Bermudas, Bahamas, Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo). Eastern Atlantic: Azores, Madeira and Canary Archipelagos, Senegal, Tristan da Cunha. Indian and Pacific: southwestern Indian Ocean, west Australia, Indonesia, south Japan, Hawaii. Adults probably are mesopelagic (Chace 1947, 1986).  
 Remarks: Oplophorus spinosus occurs in the Indian, Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. In the Western Atlantic this species was previously recorded on North and Central Americas. This is the first record of this genus and species from Brazil (Fig.48).   
The observed material has the telson with two dorsolateral pairs of stout setae and a spinose end piece, flanked by a pair of long, stout setae, with three pairs of stout setae as observed by Coutiére (1905). The material examined agrees with the description and figures of Chace (1940, 1947) in the rostrum overreaching the scaphocerite, the scaphocerite with a barb on the distal inner margin, in the carapace without a posterior ventral tooth, and in the pleura of abdominal somite 1 without a ventral tooth.
description: Published as part of Cardoso, Irene & Contents, Paulo Young Table Of, 2005, Deep-sea Oplophoridae (Crustacea Caridea) from the southwestern Brazil, pp. 1-76 in Zootaxa 1031 (1) on pages 58-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1031.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5050357