cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Modeling Convective Core Overshoot and Diffusion in Procyon Constrained by Asteroseismic Data
Creators: name: Guenther, D. B.
name: Demarque, P.
name: Gruberbauer, M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare evolved stellar models, which match Procyons mass and position in the HR diagram, to current ground-based asteroseismic observations. Diffusion of helium and metals along with two conventional core overshoot descriptions and the Kuhfuss nonlocal theory of convection are considered. We establish that one of the two published asteroseismic data reductions for Procyon, which mainly differ in their identification of even versus odd l-values, is a significantly more probable and self-consistent match to our models than the other. The most probable models according to our Bayesian analysis have evolved to just short of turnoff, still retaining a hydrogen convective core. Our most probable models include Y and Z diffusion and have conventional core overshoot between 0.9 and 1.5 pressure scale heights, which increases the outer radius of the convective core by between 22% to 28%, respectively. We discuss the significance of this comparatively higher than expected core overshoot amount in terms of internal mixing during evolution. The parameters of our most probable models are similar regardless of whether adiabatic or nonadiabatic model p-mode frequencies are compared to the observations, although, the Bayesian probabilities are greater when the nonadiabatic model frequencies are used. All the most probable models (with or without core overshoot, adiabatic or nonadiabatic model frequencies, diffusion or no diffusion, including priors for the observed HRD location and mass or not) have masses that are within one sigma of the observed mass 1.497+/-0.037 Msun.
The reproducibility within the laboratory of findings in a three month toxicity study in the rat
Creators: name: Kallesen, Th.
name: Skydsgaard, K.
name: Svendsen, O.
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: A three month rat toxicity study was conducted twice with the same compound in the same laboratory. The studies were conducted according to internationally recognized guidelines for subchronic toxicity studies and followed essentially identical protocols (a control group and three dose groups, 10 rats/sex/ group). The compound was administered subcutaneously once daily for three months. Body weight and food and water intake were measured once weekly. Blood samples for hematology and blood chemistry were taken during the week before termination of dosing. Body weight gain and food and water intake were increased in both studies. For great many hematological and blood chemical parameters there was a dosedependent statistically significant increase or decrease in one or both sexes. Some changes attained only the level of significance in one study whereas there was a tendency of a similar change in the other study. Only a few deviations (no or opposit change in one study) were seen between the two studies. Altogether there seemed to be a good correspondance between the findings in the two studies and the variations seen would probably not influence the safety evaluation made from any of the studies.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 15 No. 3 (1988)
Pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus phage type 3A/3C/55/71 and Staphylococcus sciuri in germfree euthymic and athymic mice after intravenous infection
Creators: name: Wullenweber-Schmidt, M.
name: Kaspareit-Rittinghausen, J.
name: Jonas, C.
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: To evaluate the possibility ofprotecting our colonies of small laboratory animals against Staphylococcus aureus infections by preassociation with the rodent specific Staphylococcus sciuri, it was first of all necessary to determine the pathogenicity of the S. sciuri strain under consideration. Germfree euthymic Han: NMRI and athymic (T-cell deficient) Han:NMRInu/nu mice were injected intravenously with increasing doses of S. sciuri strain 908/1. S. aureus (phage type 3A/3C/55/71) which is known to cause health problems in SPF colonies of the above mentioned strains of mice was used for comparison. S. aureus infections exhibited a dosedependent morbidity and mortality in both strains of mice. In contrast, S. sciuri did not cause any lethal infection but produced sporadically mild purulent processes in the euthymic mice. Due to the use of relatively small groups a statistical evaluation can only show tendenc1es.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 15 No. 3 (1988)
On the Performance of Quasar Reverberation Mapping in the Era of Time-Domain Photometric Surveys
Creators: name: Chelouche, Doron
name: Shemmer, Ohad
name: Cotlier, Gabriel I.
name: Barth, Aaron J.
name: Rafter, Stephen E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantitatively assess, by means of comprehensive numerical simulations, the ability of broad-band photometric surveys to recover the broad emission line region (BLR) size in quasars under various observing conditions and for a wide range of object properties. Focusing on the general characteristics of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), we find that the slope of the size-luminosity relation for the BLR in quasars can be determined with unprecedented accuracy, of order a few percent, over a broad luminosity range and out to $z\sim 3$. In particular, major emission lines for which the BLR size can be reliably measured with LSST include H$α$, MgII $λ2799$, CIII] $λ1909$, CIV $λ1549$, and Ly$α$, amounting to a total of $\gtrsim 10^5$ time-delay measurements for all transitions. Combined with an estimate for the emission line velocity dispersion, upcoming photometric surveys will facilitate the estimation of black hole masses in AGN over a broad range of luminosities and redshifts, allow for refined calibrations of BLR size-luminosity-redshift relations in different transitions, as well as lead to more reliable cross-calibration with other black hole mass estimation techniques.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures, ApJ published
A questionnaire-based inventory of the orbital puncture method in the Netherlands
Creators: name: Van Herck, H
name: Baumans, V
name: Stafleu, F R
name: Beynen, A C
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: To contribute to the assessment of the degree of discomfort in rodents as caused by orbital puncture, we made an inventory in the Netherlands on the basis of an inquiry. Orbital puncture is being performed in laboratory rodents more than 45000 times a year. Usually, ether is used as anaesthetic. In about two-third of the institutes where orbital puncture is being performed, complications are noted. In I to 5 % of the animals punctured blindness can occur. In more than half of the institutes where orbital puncture is being performed there are objections to this technique. Which are essentially of an emotional/ethical nature.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 19 No. 4 (1992)
Tunneling in heavy-fermion junctions
Creators: name: Dzero, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper I briefly overview recent theoretical and experimental advances in understanding of tunneling processes between normal metals and metals containing electrons which occupy partially filled f-orbitals. In heavy-fermion materials the effective mass of the quasiparticles far exceeds the bare electron mass due to strong hybridization between conduction and f-orbital states. Kondo lattices form a class of heavy-fermion systems in which an average occupation number of f-electron states is close to an integer. Therefore, the tunneling into a Kondo lattice necessarily involves co-tunneling process of a tip electron into an f-electron state of a Kondo lattice. This co-tunneling process is manifested in the Fano-lineshape of differential conductance as a function of an applied voltage, which has been routinely observed in recent experiments on various Kondo lattice systems. To illustrate these ideas, I discuss the problem of the tunneling junction when the single particle states in the tip are also a product of hybridization between conduction and f-states, i.e. tunneling between two heavy-fermion materials.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, invited paper for SCES'13
Forward-backward eccentricity and participant-plane angle fluctuations and their influences on longitudinal dynamics of collective flow
Creators: name: Jia, Jiangyong
name: Huo, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that the transverse shape of the fireball created in heavy ion collision is controlled by event-by-event fluctuations of the eccentricity vectors for the forward-going and backward-going wounded nucleons: $\vecε_n^{\mathrm{F}}\equiv ε_n^{\mathrm{F}} e^{i nΦ_n^{\mathrm{*F}}}$ and $\vecε_n^{\mathrm{B}}\equiv ε_n^{\mathrm{B}} e^{i nΦ_n^{\mathrm{*B}}}$. Due to the asymmetric energy deposition of each wounded nucleon along its direction of motion, the eccentricity vector of the produced fireball is expected to interpolate between $\vecε_n^{\mathrm{F}}$ and $\vecε_n^{\mathrm{B}}$ along the pseudorapidity, and hence exhibits sizable forward-backward(FB) asymmetry ($ε_n^{\rm B}\neqε_n^{\rm F}$) and/or FB-twist ($Φ_n^{\mathrm{*F}}\neqΦ_n^{\mathrm{*B}}$). A transport model calculation shows that these initial state longitudinal fluctuations for $n=2$ and 3 survive the collective expansion, and result in similar FB asymmetry and/or a twist in the final state event-plane angles. These novel EbyE longitudinal flow fluctuations should be accessible at RHIC and the LHC using the event-shape selection technique proposed in earlier papers. If these effects are observed experimentally, it could improve our understanding of the initial state fluctuations, particle production and collective expansion dynamics of the heavy ion collision.
description: 13 pages, 16 figures
Iron K-alpha echoes from the circumnuclear disk orbiting Sgr A*
Creators: name: Stel, G.
name: Ponti, G.
name: Haardt, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular clouds in the Galactic center (GC) reprocess radiation from past outbursts of nearby high-energy sources, generating a bright Fe K-alpha fluorescence at 6.4 keV. The closest clouds to the GC are only $\simeq 1.5$ pc from Sgr A*, forming a torus-like structure known as the circumnuclear disk (CND). The study of fluorescence emission can lead to a characterization of the illuminating source(s), the reflecting clouds, and the global geometry of such a system lying in the GC. The primary purpose of our study is to analyze possible fluorescence signals arising in the CND. This signal would allow us to constrain the CND's physical properties and the source-reflector system's geometry. By exploiting the last $\simeq 20$ years of XMM-Newton observations of the GC, we studied the variability of the Fe K-alpha line in the region around Sgr A*. We identified regions with a flux excess and computed the spectrum therein. We then derived the hydrogen column density of the CND after relating the intensity of the 6.4 keV line to the total energy emitted by known transient sources in the region. Starting from data collected in 2019, we find significant line excesses in a region compatible with the eastern portion of the CND. The echo radiation can be linked to the 2013 outburst of the magnetar SGR J1745-2900. We derive a mean effective hydrogen column density of the CND in the eastern region of $\simeq 10^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$. The scenario depicted is physically plausible, given the luminosity, the position of the illuminating source, and the expected density of the CND.
description: 15 pages, 18 figures, to be published in Astronomy & Astrophysics
PACOME: Optimal multi-epoch combination of direct imaging observations for joint exoplanet detection and orbit estimation
Creators: name: Dallant, Jules
name: Langlois, Maud
name: Flasseur, Olivier
name: Thiébaut, Éric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exoplanet detections and characterizations via direct imaging require high contrast and high angular resolution. These requirements typically require (i) cutting-edge instrumental facilities, (ii) optimized differential imaging to introduce a diversity in the signals of the sought-for objects, and (iii) dedicated processing algorithms to further eliminate the residual stellar leakages. Substantial efforts have been undertaken on the design of more efficient post-processing algorithms but their performance remains upper-bounded at shorter angular separations due to the the lack of diversity induced by the processing of each epoch of observations individually. We propose a new algorithm that is able to combine several observations of the same star by accounting for the Keplerian orbital motion across epochs of the sought-for sources in order to constructively co-add their weak signals. The proposed algorithm, PACOME, integrates an exploration of the plausible orbits within a statistical detection and estimation formalism. It is extended to a multi-epoch combination of the maximum likelihood framework of PACO, which is a mono-epoch post-processing algorithm. We derive a reliable multi-epoch detection criterion, interpretable both in terms of probability of detection and of false alarm. We tested the proposed algorithm on several datasets obtained from the VLT/SPHERE instrument with IRDIS and IFS. By resorting to injections of synthetic exoplanets, we show that PACOME is able to detect sources remaining undetectable in mono-epoch frameworks. The gain in detection sensitivity scales as high as the square root of the number of epochs. We also applied PACOME on a set of observations from the HR 8799 star hosting four known exoplanets, which are detected with very high signal-to-noise ratios. In addition, its implementation is efficient, fast, and fully automatized.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Millimeter emission in photoevaporating disks is determined by early substructures
Creators: name: Gárate, Matías
name: Birnstiel, Til
name: Pinilla, Paola
name: Andrews, Sean M.
name: Franz, Raphael
name: Stammler, Sebastian Markus
name: Picogna, Giovanni
name: Ercolano, Barbara
name: Miotello, Anna
name: Kurtovic, Nicolás T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [abridged]Photoevaporation and dust-trapping are individually considered to be important mechanisms in the evolution and morphology of protoplanetary disks. We studied how the presence of early substructures affects the evolution of the dust distribution and flux in the millimeter continuum of disks that are undergoing photoevaporative dispersal. We also tested if the predicted properties resemble those observed in the population of transition disks. We used the numerical code Dustpy to simulate disk evolution considering gas accretion, dust growth, dust-trapping at substructures, and mass loss due to X-ray and EUV (XEUV) photoevaporation and dust entrainment. Then, we compared how the dust mass and millimeter flux evolve for different disk models. We find that, during photoevaporative dispersal, disks with primordial substructures retain more dust and are brighter in the millimeter continuum than disks without early substructures, regardless of the photoevaporative cavity size. Once the photoevaporative cavity opens, the estimated fluxes for the disk models that are initially structured are comparable to those found in the bright transition disk population ($F_\textrm{mm} > 30\, \textrm{mJy}$), while the disk models that are initially smooth have fluxes comparable to the transition disks from the faint population ($F_\textrm{mm} < 30\, \textrm{mJy}$), suggesting a link between each model and population. Our models indicate that the efficiency of the dust trapping determines the millimeter flux of the disk, while the gas loss due to photoevaporation controls the formation and expansion of a cavity, decoupling the mechanisms responsible for each feature. In consequence, even a planet with a mass comparable to Saturn could trap enough dust to reproduce the millimeter emission of a bright transition disk, while its cavity size is independently driven by photoevaporative dispersal.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Measurement of the $^{58}$Ni($α$,$γ$)$^{62}$Zn reaction and its astrophysical impact
Creators: name: Quinn, S. J.
name: Spyrou, A.
name: Bravo, E.
name: Rauscher, T.
name: Simon, A.
name: Battaglia, A.
name: Bowers, M.
name: Bucher, B.
name: Casarella, C.
name: Couder, M.
name: DeYoung, P. A.
name: Dombos, A. C.
name: Görres, J.
name: Kontos, A.
name: Li, Q.
name: Long, A.
name: Moran, M.
name: Paul, N.
name: Pereira, J.
name: Robertson, D.
name: Smith, K.
name: Smith, M. K.
name: Stech, E.
name: Talwar, R.
name: Tan, W. P.
name: Wiescher, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cross section measurements of the $^{58}$Ni($α$,$γ$)$^{62}$Zn reaction were performed in the energy range $E_α=5.5-9.5$ MeV at the Nuclear Science Laboratory of the University of Notre Dame, using the NSCL Summing NaI(Tl) detector and the $γ$-summing technique. The measurements are compared to predictions in the statistical Hauser-Feshbach model of nuclear reactions using the SMARAGD code. It is found that the energy dependence of the cross section is reproduced well but the absolute value is overestimated by the prediction. This can be remedied by rescaling the $α$ width by a factor of 0.45. Stellar reactivities were calculated with the rescaled $α$ width and their impact on nucleosynthesis in type Ia supernovae has been studied. It is found that the resulting abundances change by up to 5\% when using the new reactivities.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Multiband Effect and Possible Dirac Fermions in Fe$_{1+y}$Te$_{0.6}$Se$_{0.4}$
Creators: name: Sun, Yue
name: Taen, Toshihiro
name: Yamada, Tatsuhiro
name: Pyon, Sunseng
name: Nishizaki, Terukazu
name: Shi, Zhixiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the transport properties of Fe$_{1+y}$Te$_{0.6}$Se$_{0.4}$ single crystals with different amounts of excess Fe prepared by O$_2$ annealing. The O$_2$ annealing remarkably improves transport properties. In particular, a strongly nonlinear Hall resistivity was observed only in the fully-annealed crystal, and the magnetoresistance (MR) is drastically enhanced after annealing, reaching a value larger than 17% at 16 K and 14 T. The obvious change of transport properties after the annealing indicates that the band structure of Fe$_{1+y}$Te$_{0.6}$Se$_{0.4}$ is affected by the excess Fe. The nonlinear Hall resistivity and violation of (modified) Kohler's scaling of the large MR prove the multiband effects in the Fe$_{1+y}$Te$_{0.6}$Se$_{0.4}$ single crystal. The MR for the fully-annealed crystal develops linearly against magnetic field from intermediate field (e. g. 2 T at 16 K) to the measurement limit of 14 T. This phenomenon is interpreted by the existence of Dirac cone state, in which all the Dirac fermions occupy only the lowest Landau level in the quantum limit.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Critical differences of clinical chemical components in blood from laboratory rabbits
Creators: name: Jensen, A L
name: Wedo, E
name: Bantz, M
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: The purpose of the present study was to calculate the critical difference between two analytical results for 11 clinical chemical components in the adult rabbit. The critical difference can be used to judge whether the difference between two consecutive analytical results from the same animal is due to natural variation or not. From 25 adult rabbits, blood samples were collected once daily after a 12 hour fasting period for 5 consecutive days, and the total variance of the analytical results of each clinical chemical component was divided into the component of variance between rabbits (S2inter), the component of variance for days within rabbits (S Intra), and the component of variance for measurements (S2Anal) using nested analysis of variance. The critical difference was then calculated from 521mm and SZAnal as 0.48 pkat/l for alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), 0.20 pkat/l for aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), 2.32 ukat/l for alkaline phosphatase (AP), 3.57 ttkat/l for amylase, 5.69 mmol/l for urea, 26 pmol/l for creatinine, 6.6 g/l for albumin, 14.0 g/l for serum proteinTOml, 2.10 mmol/l for glucose, and 0.59 mmol/l for cholesterolTotal, and 4.60 mmol/l for lactate. These critical differences may be used as guidelines to evaluate the difference between two consecutive analytical results of the above clinical chemical components. However, the analytical results should not be assessed by the critical differences alone, but should also be compared to the corresponding population based reference intervals.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 19 No. 4 (1992)
Comparison of microenvironmental conditions in standard versus forced-air ventilated rodent filter-top cages
Creators: name: Iwarsson, K
name: Norén, L
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: The microenvironmental conditions of a commercial rodent filter top caging system was evaluated when housing mice for a 2 week testing period, with an open cage with no filter used as a control. The results were compared to the effect of utilizing a novel developed forced-air ventilated system (Vent A Cage, Barriärteknik, Brösarp, Sweden) for filter cages, delivering filtered air directly to the cage and providing approximately 150 air changes per hour. In an animal room maintained at 21—22°C, 50—55 0/0 RH and 12—14 airchanges per hour the following experimental settings were evaluated: Micro-Isolator® cages of Macrolon ® type III without forced air (Standard), housing 4, 8 or 16 female mice with body weights ranging between 23—28 g were compared to two cages housing 16 mice each: a Micro-Isolator provided with an individual Vent A Cage system (Forced-air) and a cage without a filter lid (Control). Intracage RH, C02 and N113 levels were evaluated once a day in each caging system during a 2 week period. Bedding and feed were not removed during the testing period, but water bottles were Changed on day 6 and 12. Control measurements of intraeage temperature of filter cages showed only small deviations from actual room temperature throughout the study (data not shown). RH and carbon dioxide levels ranged between 70—100 % and 4,000—17,000 ppm respectively in standard cages with 8 and 16 mice, and between 60—75 % and 2,000—5,000 ppm respectively in the standard cage with 4 mice. The open control and the forced-air cages housing 16 mice showed levels of RH and C02 similar to the maeroenvironment (animal room); the forced-air system averaged 40—60 % and 1,000—2,700 ppm, respectively. No appreciable ammonia levels were detected in either system until day 14. In the standard filter cage housing 16 mice the ammonia levels increased from about 7 ppm (traces) on day 13 to 650 and 700 ppm on day 14 and 15, respectively. The results indicate that housing of Z 8 adult mice in a Macrolon 111 Micro-Isolator cage within a day leads to a buildup of humidity and C02 levels in excess of recommended levels for mice. The comparatively late occurring ammonia levels detected in the present study as compared to other studies of filter top cages may be explained by the type and quality of bedding used. The forced-air system evaluated provided acceptable intracage air conditions with 16 mice for two weeks without cage changing and resulted in a remarkable improvement of the microenvironmental conditions as compared to a standard filter top cage.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 19 No. 4 (1992)
Morphological evidence for nanoflares heating warm loops in the solar corona
Creators: name: Bi, Y.
name: Yang, J. J.
name: Qin, Y.
name: Qiang, Z. P.
name: Hong, J. C.
name: Yang, B.
name: Xu, Z.
name: Liu, H.
name: Ji, K. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanoflares are impulsive energy releases by magnetic reconnection in the braided coronal magnetic field, which is a potential mechanism for heating the corona. However, there are still sporadic observations of the interchange of braiding structure segments and footpoints inside coronal loops, which is predicted to be the morphological evolution of the reconnecting magnetic bundles in the nanoflare picture. This work aims to detect the evolutions of the pairs of braiding strands within the apparent single coronal loops observed in Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) images. The loop strands are detected on two kinds of upsampled AIA 193 Å images, which are obtained by upscaling the Point Spread Function matched AIA images via Bicubic interpolation and are generated using a super-resolution convolutional neural network, respectively. The architecture of the network is designed to map the AIA images to unprecedentedly high spatial resolution coronal images taken by High-resolution Coronal Imager (Hi-C) during its brief flight. At times, pairs of separate strands that appear braided together later evolved into pairs of almost parallel strands with completely exchanged parts. These evolutions offer morphological evidence that magnetic reconnections between the braiding strands have taken place, which is further supported by the appearance of transient hot emissions containing significant high-temperature components (T > 5MK) at the footpoints of the braiding structures. The brief appearances of the two rearranging strands support that magnetic reconnections have occurred within what appears to be a single AIA loop.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
The Oxygen core inside the Magnesium isotopes
Creators: name: Bhuyan, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the ground state bulk properties of magnesium isotopes using axially symmetric relativistic mean field formalism. The BCS pairing approach is employed to take care of the pairing correlation for the open shell nuclei. The contour plot of the nucleons distribution are analyzed at various parts of the nucleus, where clusters are located. The presence of an $^{16}$O core along bubble like $α$-particle(s) and few {\it nucleons} are found in the Mg isotopes.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures and 2 tables
Essays on metaphysical explanation
Creators: name: Rubenstein, Ezra Alexander
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation comprises four stand-alone essays unified by a concern with metaphysical explanation: that is, with explanations which situate non-fundamental phenomena with respect to what is going on more fundamentally. The first essay, ‘Grounded Shadows, Groundless Ghosts’, discusses the prospects for explaining the four-dimensional manifest image in terms of an underlying reality with many more dimensions. I argue that this proposal does not face any special ‘explanatory gap’ concerning scrutability or arbitrariness. The second essay, ‘Two Approaches to Metaphysical Explanation’, clarifies and defends the importance of the distinction between a broadly ‘worldly’ approach to metaphysical explanation, involving the ‘generation’ of facts and other entities, and a broadly ‘representational’ approach, involving the ‘reduction’ of truths and their constituent notions. The third and fourth essays apply this distinction to two cases. ‘Generalism Without Generation’ argues in favour of a representational approach to explaining particular truths about individuals in terms of purely general truths. And ‘Against Grounding Physicalism’ argues in favour of a representational approach to explaining truths about consciousness in terms of broadly physical truths.
PENELLOPE V. The magnetospheric structure and the accretion variability of the classical T Tauri star HM Lup
Creators: name: Armeni, A.
name: Stelzer, B.
name: Claes, R. A. B.
name: Manara, C. F.
name: Frasca, A.
name: Alcalá, J. M.
name: Walter, F. M.
name: Kóspál, Á.
name: Campbell-White, J.
name: Gangi, M.
name: Mauco, K.
name: Tychoniec, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HM Lup is a young M-type star that accretes material from a circumstellar disk through a magnetosphere. Our aim is to study the inner disk structure of HM Lup and to characterize its variability. We used spectroscopic data from HST/STIS, X-Shooter, and ESPRESSO taken in the framework of the ULLYSES and PENELLOPE programs, together with photometric data from TESS and AAVSO. The 2021 TESS light curve shows variability typical for young stellar objects of the "accretion burster" type. The spectra cover the temporal evolution of the main burst in the 2021 TESS light curve. We compared the strength and morphology of emission lines from different species and ionization stages. We determined the mass accretion rate from selected emission lines and from the UV continuum excess emission at different epochs, and we examined its relation to the photometric light curves. The emission lines in the optical spectrum of HM Lup delineate a temperature stratification along the accretion flow. While the wings of the H I and He I lines originate near the star, the lines of species such as Na I, Mg I, Ca I, Ca II, Fe I, and Fe II are formed in an outer and colder region. The shape and periodicity of the 2019 and 2021 TESS light curves, when qualitatively compared to predictions from magnetohydrodynamic models, suggest that HM Lup was in a regime of unstable ordered accretion during the 2021 TESS observation due to an increase in the accretion rate. Although HM Lup is not an extreme accretor, it shows enhanced emission in the metallic species during this high accretion state that is produced by a density enhancement in the outer part of the accretion flow.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Microrheology close to an equilibrium phase transition
Creators: name: Reinhardt, J.
name: Scacchi, A.
name: Brader, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the microstructural and microrheological response to a tracer particle of a two- dimensional colloidal suspension under thermodynamic conditions close to a liquid-gas phase bound- ary. On the liquid side of the binodal, increasing the velocity of the (repulsive) tracer leads to the development of a pronounced cavitation bubble, within which the concentration of colloidal parti- cles is strongly depleted. The tendency of the liquid to cavitate is characterized by a dimensionless colloidal cavitation number. On the gas side of the binodal, a pulled (attractive) tracer leaves behind it an extended trail of colloidal liquid, arising from downstream advection of a wetting layer on its surface. For both situations the velocity dependent friction is calculated.
The Ferret in biomedical research. A review
Creators: name: Fisher, Ricardo G
name: Klinge, Björn
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: Ferrets have been widely used as experimental animals in biomedical research. In periodontal research, increasing concerns about the use of dogs and monkeys as experimental animals has added to the interest in the use of the ferrets as an experimental animal. The aim of this review is to present aspects of the animals biology and husbandry, including reproduction, housing and handling, nutritional requirements, diseases and anaesthesia. Finally, the characteristics of dentition and penodontal diseases are presented.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 19 No. 4 (1992)
The first (1943) Summer Session of the School of Alcohol Studies, Yale University.
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1943

description: Reprint of the seminal article written by E. M. Jellinek: The first (1943) Summer Session of the School of Alcohol Studies, Yale University. Published in the Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 4, 187-194. Was also available as reprint.
Optical characterization of PZT thin films for waveguide applications
Creators: name: Cardin, Julien
name: Leduc, Dominique
name: Schneider, Thomas
name: Lupi, Cyril
name: Averty, Dominique
name: Gundel, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to develop an electro-optic waveguide, Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 ceramic ferroelectric thin films were elaborated by a modified sol-gel process on glass substrate. In the aim to study the optical properties of the PZT films, an accurate refractive index and thickness measurement apparatus was set up, which is called M-lines device. An evaluation of experimental uncertainty and calculation of the precision of the refractive index and thickness were developed on PZT layers. Two different processes of PZT elaboration were made and studied with this apparatus. The reproducibility of one fabrication process was tested and results are presented in this paper.
To clump or not to clump The impact of wind inhomogeneities on the optical and NIR spectroscopic analysis of massive OB stars
Creators: name: Rübke, K.
name: Herrero, A.
name: Puls, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Winds of massive stars have density inhomogeneities (clumping) that may affect the formation of spectral lines in different ways, depending on their formation region. Most of previous and current spectroscopic analyses have been performed in the optical or ultraviolet domain. However, massive stars are often hidden behind dense clouds rendering near-infrared observations necessary. Our objective is to investigate whether a spectroscopic analysis using either optical or infrared observations results in the same stellar parameters with comparable accuracy, and whether clumping affects them in different ways. We analyzed optical and near-infrared observations of a set of massive O stars with spectral types O4-O9.5 and all luminosity classes. We obtain similar stellar parameters in the optical and the infrared, although with larger uncertainties in the near-infrared, both with and without clumping, albeit with some individual deviating cases. We find that the inclusion of clumping improves the fit to H$_α$ or HeII 4686 in the optical for supergiants, as well as that of Br$_γ$ in the near-infrared, but it sometimes worsens the fit to HeII 2.18$μ$m. Globally, there are no significant differences when using the clumping laws tested in this work. The infrared can be used for spectroscopic analyses, giving similar parameters as from the optical, though with larger uncertainties. The best fits to different lines are obtained with different (linear) clumping laws, indicating that the wind structure may be more complex than adopted in the present work. No clumping law results in a better global fit, or improves the consistency between optical and infrared stellar parameters. Our work shows that the optical and infrared lines are not sufficient to break the dichotomy between the mass-loss rate and clumping factor.
Damage-free single-mode transmission of deep-UV light in hollow-core PCF
Creators: name: Gebert, F.
name: Frosz, M. H.
name: Weiss, T.
name: Wan, Y.
name: Ermolov, A.
name: Joly, N. Y.
name: Schmidt, P. O.
name: Russell, P. St. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transmission of UV light with high beam quality and pointing stability is desirable for many experiments in atomic, molecular and optical physics. In particular, laser cooling and coherent manipulation of trapped ions with transitions in the UV require stable, single-mode light delivery. Transmitting even ~2 mW CW light at 280 nm through silica solid-core fibers has previously been found to cause transmission degradation after just a few hours due to optical damage. We show that photonic crystal fiber of the kagomé type can be used for effectively single-mode transmission with acceptable loss and bending sensitivity. No transmission degradation was observed even after >100 hours of operation with 15 mW CW input power. In addition it is shown that implementation of the fiber in a trapped ion experiment significantly increases the coherence times of the internal state transfer due to an increase in beam pointing stability.
Relative Resistance of LEW Rats to Rotation Stress
Creators: name: Klausen, Bjarne
name: Hougen, Hans Petter
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: Rotation stress induced by a grammophone turntable has profound effects on the immune system of mice. In the present study, we tested the effect of the method on the weight of lymphoid organs and cellularity of peripheral blood and lymph in rats. After four days (4 X S X 10 X 78 revolutions) the spleen weight was significantly reduced in rotated rats as compared to controls. Small, but not significant, reductions were also seen in body weight gain, thymus weight, inguinal lymph node weight, thoracic duct lymphocyte number and peripheral blood leukocyte number. After twenty days (20 X 5 X 10 x 78 rpm) the differences between rotated and control animals were smaller and not significant. We conclude that the stress regimen induced a slight temporary reduction in total body lymphocyte number, but that the rats adapted to the situation with time. Consequently, the method cannot be recommended for longterm experiments in rats.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 15 No. 1 (1988)
Evolution of solar wind sources and coronal rotation driven by the cyclic variation of the Sun's large-scale magnetic field
Creators: name: Finley, Adam J.
name: Brun, Allan Sacha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strength and morphology of the Sun's magnetic field evolves significantly during the solar cycle, with the overall polarity of the Sun's magnetic field reversing during the maximum of solar activity. Long-term changes are also observed in sunspot and geomagnetic records, however systematic magnetic field observations are limited to the last four cycles. We investigate the long-term evolution of the Sun's magnetic field, and the influence this has on the topology and rotation of the solar corona. The Sun's photospheric magnetic field was decomposed into spherical harmonics using synoptic Carrington magnetograms from 1) WSO, 2) MDI onboard the SOHO, and 3) HMI onboard the SDO. The time-evolution of the spherical harmonic coefficients was used to explore the variation of the Sun's magnetic field, focusing on the large-scale modes. PFSS extrapolations of the photospheric field were computed to follow topological changes in the corona. The footpoints of the Sun's open magnetic field vary between the polar coronal holes and activity driven features such as active regions, and equatorial coronal holes. Consequently, the mean rotation rate of the solar wind is modulated during each cycle by the latitudinal variation of open field footpoints, with slower rotation during minima and faster (Carrington-like) rotation during maxima. Thisc variation is sensitive to cycle to cycle differences in the polar field strengths and hemispherical flux emergence rates, with the ratio of quadrupole to dipole energy following a similar variation. Cycle 23 maintained a larger fraction of quadrupolar energy in the declining phase, which kept the sources of open magnetic flux closer to the equator, extending the period of faster equator-ward connectivity. The ratio of quadrupole to dipole energy could be a useful proxy when examining the impact of differential rotation on the coronae of other Sun-like stars.
description: Accepted to A&A. 13 Pages + Appendix. 11 Figures + 7 Appendix Figures
Kovacs-like memory effect in driven granular gases
Creators: name: Prados, A.
name: Trizac, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While memory effects have been reported for dense enough disordered systems such as glasses, we show here by a combination of analytical and simulation techniques that they are also intrinsic to the dynamics of dilute granular gases. By means of a certain driving protocol, we prepare the gas in a state where the granular temperature $T$ coincides with its long time limit. However, $T$ does not subsequently remain constant, but exhibits a non-monotonic evolution before reaching its non-equilibrium steady value. The corresponding so-called Kovacs hump displays a normal behavior for weak dissipation (as observed in molecular systems), but is reversed under strong dissipation, where it thus becomes anomalous.
description: 5 pages, to appear in Physical Review Letters
Comparison of potential models of nucleus-nucleus bremsstrahlung
Creators: name: Dohet-Eraly, Jérémy
name: Baye, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At low photon energies, the potential models of nucleus-nucleus bremsstrahlung are based on electric transition multipole operators, which are derived either only from the nuclear current or only from the charge density by making the long-wavelength approximation and using the Siegert theorem. In the latter case, the bremsstrahlung matrix elements are divergent and some regularization techniques are used to obtain finite values for the bremsstrahlung cross sections. From an extension of the Siegert theorem, which is not based on the long-wavelength approximation, a new potential model of nucleus-nucleus bremsstrahlung is developed. Only convergent integrals are included in this approach. Formal links between bremsstrahlung cross sections obtained in these different models are made. Furthermore, three different ways to calculate the regularized matrix elements are discussed and criticized. Some prescriptions for a proper implementation of the regularization are deduced. A numerical comparison between the different models is done by applying them to the $α+α$ bremsstrahlung.
description: submitted to Phys. Rev. C
Hydrogen Lyman-Alpha Periodicity Behaviour During Various Solar Cycles
Creators: name: Kotze, Pieter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The hydrogen Lyman‐alpha (Ly-α) line at 121.567 nm is the strongest solar vacuum ultraviolet emission line and the main excitation source for atomic hydrogen resonant scattering in cool material in the solar system. During quiescent solar conditions, the wings of the Ly-α line are formed in mid‐chromosphere, whereas the core is formed higher up at the base of the transition region from where it is radiated into the upper chromosphere, playing an important role in the radiative energy transport of a cool star like the Sun. Energy losses through the Ly-α emission are the most important radiative losses in the lower transition region, where the approximate temperature ranges from 8000 K to 30 000 K. The spectral irradiance behaviour of Ly-α is therefore important to characterise dynamic processes occurring in the solar atmosphere, particularly solar flares. The temporal behaviour of various periodicities of Ly-α between 1950 and 2020 have been analysed using Lomb-Scargle and Morlet wavelets spectral analysis techniques. Daily mean values of Ly-α radiance (https://lasp.colorado.edu/lisird/data/composite_lyman_alpha/) for each individual year were used in this investigation to obtain the temporal behaviour of particularly the Rieger periodicity (152-156 days), the synodic solar rotation periodicity (≈ 27 days) as well as the elusive 13.5-day periodicity. Results obtained showed that the Rieger periodicity dominates at solar maximum during strong solar cycle conditions (Cycles 19, 21, 22, and 23) conditions, while the ≈ 27-day periodicity is in most cases dominant during solar minima. On the other hand, the 13.5-day periodicity only appears above the 95% statistical confidence level during solar maxima of Cycles 19, 21, 22 and 24. Contrary to all previous Cycles since 1950, the 13.5-day periodicity appears exceptionally strong and above the 95% confidence level during the downward and minimum phases of Cycles 23 (2006) and 24 (2016) when its power exceeds that of the 27-day periodicity. This peculiar behaviour of the 13.5-day periodicity in Ly-α can probably be attributed to the anomalous asymmetrical structure of the solar magnetic field during Cycles 23 and 24.