cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Explainable Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: A reality rooted perspective
Creators: name: Emmert-Streib, Frank
name: Yli-Harja, Olli
name: Dehmer, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We are used to the availability of big data generated in nearly all fields of science as a consequence of technological progress. However, the analysis of such data possess vast challenges. One of these relates to the explainability of artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning methods. Currently, many of such methods are non-transparent with respect to their working mechanism and for this reason are called black box models, most notably deep learning methods. However, it has been realized that this constitutes severe problems for a number of fields including the health sciences and criminal justice and arguments have been brought forward in favor of an explainable AI. In this paper, we do not assume the usual perspective presenting explainable AI as it should be, but rather we provide a discussion what explainable AI can be. The difference is that we do not present wishful thinking but reality grounded properties in relation to a scientific theory beyond physics.
Investigation of possible associations of the BDNF, SNAP-25 and SYN III genes with the neurocognitive measures: BDNF and SNAP-25 genes might be involved in attention domain, SYN III gene in executive function
Creators: name: Bolat, Hilmi
name: Ünsel-Bolat, Gül
name: Özgül, Semiha
name: Parıltay, Erhan
name: Tahıllıoğlu, Akın
name: Rohde, Luis Augusto
name: Akın, Haluk
name: Ercan, Eyüp Sabri
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous disorder and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) might be a second inattention disorder that might be even affected by different attention pathways. SCT is characterized by daydreaming, mental confusion, staring blankly and hypoactivity. In the present study, we evaluated 5 common variants (rs6265, rs3746544, rs1051312, rs133946 and rs133945) located in 3 candidate genes (BDNF, SNAP25 and SYN III) that are known to take part in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter transmission. We tested the effects of these variants on neuropsychological findings assessed by a computer-based neuropsychological test battery in children with inattention symptoms (SCT and/or ADHD). BDNF (rs6265), SNAP25 (rs3746544 and rs1051312) and SYN III (rs133946 and rs133945) polymorphisms were associated with variable cognitive measures. BDNF gene (rs6265) polymorphism Met allele carriers and SNAP25 gene (rs3746544) T allele carriers had an association with the attention domain. SNAP25 gene (rs1051312) C allele carriers were only associated with reaction time scores. Cognitive flexibility, which is one of the key components of executive function evaluation and shifting attention test scores were associated with BDNF (rs6265) Met allele and SYN III (rs133946) gene G allele. SYN III (rs133945) gene C allele carriers had an association with verbal memory correct hit scores. As a conclusion, BDNF, SNAP25 and SYN III genes were associated with specific neurocognitive outcomes in children with inattention symptoms. It is important to note that exploring genotyping effects on neurocognitive functions instead of a heterogeneous psychiatric diagnosis can improve our understanding of psychopathologies.
Additive kinematic formulas for flag area measures
Creators: name: Abardia-Evéquoz, Judit
name: Bernig, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52A20, 52B45

description: We show the existence of additive kinematic formulas for general flag area measures, which generalizes a recent result by Wannerer. Building on previous work by the second named author, we introduce an algebraic framework to compute these formulas explicitly. This is carried out in detail in the case of the incomplete flag manifold consisting of all $(p+1)$-planes containing a unit vector.
description: 35 pages
Additional file 1 of Breastmilk cadmium levels and estimated infant exposure: a multicenter study of associated factors in a resource-limited country
Creators: name: Shawahna, Ramzi
name: Saleh, Rana
name: Owiwi, Lina
name: Abdi, Aya
name: Bani-Odeh, Diana
name: Maqboul, Iyad
name: Hijaz, Hatim
name: Jaber, Mohammad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Understory diversity and composition after planting of teak and mahogany in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Creators: name: Udayana, Cicik
name: Andreassen, Harry P.
name: Skarpe, Christina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Forest rehabilitation is when a desired tree species is planted in degraded forests or lands. Rehabilitation by planting a single tree species is a common way to restore exploited forests to maintain ecological processes. We compared woody and herbaceous understory vegetation between forests rehabilitated by mahogany (N = 12) or teak (N = 12) planted from 1941 until 2003 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Understory vegetation of these areas was compared with that of three native forests. Species richness, species diversity, density of plants and proportion of native plants did not differ between the rehabilitated areas and the native forest. Recently rehabilitated areas were different from the native forests while 41–74 yr after rehabilitation, characteristics of understory vegetation approached those of native forest. We described species composition using ordination, and found it to differ between areas rehabilitated with teak and with mahogany and, particularly, between the rehabilitated areas and the native forests. Time since rehabilitation and tree species planted were important for the species composition of understory vegetation. We conclude that the selection of species for rehabilitation and letting rehabilitated areas mature are important for understory development and species diversity.
Ultrafast Long-Distance Quantum Communication with Static Linear Optics
Creators: name: Ewert, Fabian
name: Bergmann, Marcel
name: van Loock, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a projection measurement onto encoded Bell states with a static network of linear optical elements. By increasing the size of the quantum error correction code, both Bell measurement efficiency and photon-loss tolerance can be made arbitrarily high at the same time. As a main application, we show that all-optical quantum communication over large distances with communication rates similar to those of classical communication is possible solely based on local state teleportations using optical sources of encoded Bell states, fixed arrays of beam splitters, and photon detectors. As another application, generalizing state teleportation to gate teleportation for quantum computation, we find that in order to achieve universality the intrinsic loss tolerance must be sacrificed and a minimal amount of feedforward has to be added.
description: 5+8 pages, 6 figures, revised version accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Ahlfors regularity and fractal dimension of Smale spaces
Creators: name: Gerontogiannis, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that, up to topological conjugacy, every Smale space admits an Ahlfors regular Bowen measure. Bowen's construction of Markov partitions implies that Smale spaces are factors of topological Markov chains. The latter are equipped with Parry's measure which is Ahlfors regular. By extending Bowen's construction we create a tool for transferring the Ahlfors regularity of the Parry measure down to the Bowen measure of the Smale space. An essential part of our method uses a refined notion of approximation graphs over compact metric spaces. Moreover, we obtain new estimates for the Hausdorff, box-counting and Assouad dimensions of a large class of Smale spaces.
description: 47 pages, version to appear in Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems. Contains an extended literature review on Ahlfors regularity in hyperbolic dynamical systems, more examples and counterexamples for understanding the main results. Bowen's equation has been removed to reduce complexity, as it was not required for deriving the main results and since it will be studied in a future project
Additional file 1 of Risk of hip fracture in meat-eaters, pescatarians, and vegetarians: a prospective cohort study of 413,914 UK Biobank participants
Creators: name: Webster, James
name: Greenwood, Darren C.
name: Cade, Janet E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figures: Fig S1: Flow chart of UK Biobank participants for this study. Fig S2: Directed Acyclic Graph showing the relationship between diet group, hip fracture incidence, and related factors. Fig S3: Risk of hip fracture in occasional meat-eaters, pescatarians, and vegetarians compared to regular meat-eaters in the UK Biobank with multiple imputation via chained equations for missing covariate data. Fig S4: Log(-log) survival plot for regular meat-eaters, occasional meat-eaters, pescatarians, and vegetarians in the UK Biobank. Fig S5: A) Time until hip fracture and B) Age at hip fracture in regular meat-eaters, occasional meat-eaters, pescatarians, and vegetarians in the UK Biobank. Fig S6: Risk of hip fracture in occasional meat-eaters, pescatarians, and vegetarians compared to regular meat-eaters in the UK Biobank with multiple imputation via chained equations for missing covariate data. Supplementary Tables: Table S1: Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Nutritional Epidemiology (STROBE-Nut) checklist. Table S2: Diet group categorisation and definitions. Table S3: Summary of mediation analyses using the inverse odds ratio weighting method in the UK Biobank. Table S4: Diet group classifications at recruitment and at the latest point of available follow-up in UK Biobank participants. Table S5: Dietary characteristics of UK Biobank participants by diet group at recruitment. Table S6: Characteristics of UK Biobank participants by diet group at recruitment, stratified by sex. Table S7: Characteristics of UK Biobank participants at recruitment that were included or excluded from analyses. Table S8: Adjusted and relative means (95% confidence intervals) of potential mediators at recruitment across diet groups in the UK Biobank. Table S9: Risk of hip fracture by diet group in the UK Biobank with varying restrictions. Supplementary Methods: Diet group classification. Other dietary measurements. Derivation of potential mediators. Derivation of covariates. Calculating absolute risk differences. Mediation analyses. Supplementary results: Diet group at recruitment and follow-up. Dietary characteristics at recruitment. Descriptive characteristics at recruitment with varying restrictions.
Cognitive sensors for product moisture (CPS3)
Creators: name: Celikovic, Selma
name: Rehrl, Jakob
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The CPS3 solution developed in CAPRI uses process data that is available via the ConsiGma 25 (TM) SCADA system for predicting the granule moisture in the individual cells of the segmented fluid bed dryer. The provided dataset (zip-archive CPS3_data.zip) contains a sample data set that has been recorded on a ConsiGma 25 (TM) manufacturing line. The obtained CPS3 results are used for the development of a material tracking model for dissolution prediction (assigning CPS3 values to product keys and to individual tablets).
Dynamics of Integration between Chinese and International Waste Paper Markets
Creators: name: Shang, Di
name: Gang, Diao
name: Cheng, Baodong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: China is the largest importer of waste paper in the world and is highly dependent on the international market. Thus, the relationship between Chinese and international waste paper markets affects the supply of fiber materials in China’s paper industry. This study examined the dynamic relationship between the two markets and the impact of newly implemented policies on both markets. We used unit root tests, cointegration test, vector error correction model (VECM) and frequency-domain Granger causality test to investigate the integration between Chinese and international waste paper markets and identify which of the two markets is the price leader. The results revealed that the two markets were integrated after controlling for structural breaks, and the Chinese market acted as the price leader. Since the supply of waste paper and wood pulp is insufficient in China to meet the fiber demand of the paper industry, waste paper import restrictions have significantly affected the supply of fiber materials in China’s paper industry. Therefore, the Chinese government should fully consider the benefit of market integration and make full use of international waste paper resources to satisfy the large domestic demand for paper products.
A DECISION SUPPORT TOOL FOR ENHANCED LANDFILL MINING
Creators: name: Coulon, Frederic
name: Wagland, Stuart
name: Griffiths, Zoe
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 50207 Environmental Rehabilitation (excl. Bioremediation)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 50205 Environmental Management
subject: Environmental Science

description: Enhanced Landfill Mining has great potential to reduce the
negative effects of landfills on both the environment and human health, to
reclaim valuable land and provide a new source of raw materials. However,
uncertainties in economic feasibility and environmental and social outcomes act
as a bottleneck to its widespread uptake. Here, we present a decision support
tool which aims to reduce these uncertainties by assisting site operators in assessing
the economic, environmental and social consequences of a proposed project,
while also evaluating the best technology train to use and the amount of rare
earth elements present. Such a tool is the first of its kind and we propose its
use as an initial assessment aid prior to more complex modelling of project
feasibility in order to increase the uptake of enhanced landfill mining
practices in the field of sustainable waste management.
Multispecies Weighted Hurwitz Numbers
Creators: name: Harnad, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The construction of hypergeometric $2D$ Toda $τ$-functions as generating functions for weighted Hurwitz numbers is extended to multispecies families. Both the enumerative geometrical significance of multispecies weighted Hurwitz numbers, as weighted enumerations of branched coverings of the Riemann sphere, and their combinatorial significance in terms of weighted paths in the Cayley graph of $S_n$ are derived. The particular case of multispecies quantum weighted Hurwitz numbers is studied in detail.
description: this is substantially enhanced version of arXiv:1410.8817
D3.2 - SWForum.eu Landscape Report v2
Creators: name: Miller, Mark
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: SWForum.eu
software
open source

description: This Landscape Report deliverable is the second and final in a series of two Reports, meant to describe the landscape surrounding the SWForum and the currently existing and successful structures, which can provide model elements for the final form of the SWForum.
Optimization of the geometrical stability in square ring laser gyroscopes
Creators: name: Santagata, R.
name: Beghi, A.
name: Belfi, J.
name: Beverini, N.
name: Cuccato, D.
name: Di Virgilio, A.
name: Ortolan, A.
name: Porzio, A.
name: Solimeno, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra sensitive ring laser gyroscopes are regarded as potential detectors of the general relativistic frame-dragging effect due to the rotation of the Earth: the project name is GINGER (Gyroscopes IN GEneral Relativity), a ground-based triaxial array of ring lasers aiming at measuring the Earth rotation rate with an accuracy of 10^-14 rad/s. Such ambitious goal is now within reach as large area ring lasers are very close to the necessary sensitivity and stability. However, demanding constraints on the geometrical stability of the laser optical path inside the ring cavity are required. Thus we have started a detailed study of the geometry of an optical cavity, in order to find a control strategy for its geometry which could meet the specifications of the GINGER project. As the cavity perimeter has a stationary point for the square configuration, we identify a set of transformations on the mirror positions which allows us to adjust the laser beam steering to the shape of a square. We show that the geometrical stability of a square cavity strongly increases by implementing a suitable system to measure the mirror distances, and that the geometry stabilization can be achieved by measuring the absolute lengths of the two diagonals and the perimeter of the ring.
Questioning the radiation limits of life: Ignicoccus hospitalis between replication and VBNC
Creators: name: Koschnitzki, Dagmar
name: Moeller, Ralf
name: Leuko, Stefan
name: Przybyla, Bartos
name: Beblo-Vranesevic, Kristina
name: Wirth, Reinhard
name: Huber, Harald
name: Rachel, Reinhard
name: Rettberg, Petra
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: CELL-CYCLE CHARACTERISTICS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA DAMAGE; IONIZING-RADIATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SP-NOV; REPAIR; RESISTANCE; SURVIVAL; ARCHAEA; GAMMA; Ignicoccus hospitalis; Radiation; Survival; Genome integrity; Extremophiles; VBNC
subject: 560 Paläontologie
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Radiation of ionizing or non-ionizing nature has harmful effects on cellular components like DNA as radiation can compromise its proper integrity. To cope with damages caused by external stimuli including radiation, within living cells, several fast and efficient repair mechanisms have evolved. Previous studies addressing organismic radiation tolerance have shown that radiotolerance is a predominant property among extremophilic microorganisms including (hyper-) thermophilic archaea. The analysis of the ionizing radiation tolerance of the chemolithoautotrophic, obligate anaerobic, hyperthermophilic Crenarchaeon Ignicoccus hospitalis showed a D-10-value of 4.7 kGy, fourfold exceeding the doses previously determined for other extremophilic archaea. The genome integrity of I. hospitalis after gamma-ray exposure in relation to its survival was visualized by RAPD and qPCR. Furthermore, the discrimination between reproduction, and ongoing metabolic activity was possible for the first time indicating that a potential viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state may also account for I. hospitalis.
Image patch analysis of sunspots and active regions. II. Clustering via matrix factorization
Creators: name: Moon, Kevin R.
name: Delouille, Veronique
name: Li, Jimmy J.
name: De Visscher, Ruben
name: Watson, Fraser
name: Hero, Alfred O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Separating active regions that are quiet from potentially eruptive ones is a key issue in Space Weather applications. Traditional classification schemes such as Mount Wilson and McIntosh have been effective in relating an active region large scale magnetic configuration to its ability to produce eruptive events. However, their qualitative nature prevents systematic studies of an active region's evolution for example. We introduce a new clustering of active regions that is based on the local geometry observed in Line of Sight magnetogram and continuum images. We use a reduced-dimension representation of an active region that is obtained by factoring the corresponding data matrix comprised of local image patches. Two factorizations can be compared via the definition of appropriate metrics on the resulting factors. The distances obtained from these metrics are then used to cluster the active regions. We find that these metrics result in natural clusterings of active regions. The clusterings are related to large scale descriptors of an active region such as its size, its local magnetic field distribution, and its complexity as measured by the Mount Wilson classification scheme. We also find that including data focused on the neutral line of an active region can result in an increased correspondence between our clustering results and other active region descriptors such as the Mount Wilson classifications and the $R$ value. We provide some recommendations for which metrics, matrix factorization techniques, and regions of interest to use to study active regions.
description: Accepted for publication in the Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate (SWSC). 33 pages, 12 figures
SOYA DONIDAN OZIQ-OVQAT OQSILLARINI OLISHNING ZAMONAVIY TEXNOLOGIYALARI
Creators: name: Salayeva, U.SH.
name: Sirojiddinov, J.J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: O'simlik xomashyosidan, xususan, soyadan konsentrlangan oqsilli mahsulotlar ishlab chiqarishning sanoat texnologiyalarini yaratish oziq-ovqat va ozuqa resurslarini ko'paytirish, aholining ovqatlanish tarkibini yaxshilashning asosiy yo'nalishlaridan biridir.
Talent Development in Highly Able Individuals on the Autism Spectrum: A Theory of Asymmetrical Thriving
Creators: name: SUSAN JANE WADE
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 170103 Educational Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The purpose of the thesis was to explore autism and talent development in twice-exceptional individuals, generating theory grounded in participants’ experiences. Grounded Theory Methodology was used to answer the research question: How do highly able individuals on the autism spectrum develop their abilities into achievements, and under what conditions? Data was collected from 156 participants (adults with an autism diagnosis, parents, teachers, psychologists, and mentors) via an online questionnaire. Findings indicate that substantial asymmetrical thriving (achievement and coping) in highly able individuals on the autism spectrum involves three key processes: self-propelled learning, personal counterbalancing, and context matching.
Modeling indoor-level non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pedestrian dynamics-based microscopic simulation approach
Creators: name: Xiao, Yao
name: Yang, Mofeng
name: Zhu, Zheng
name: Yang, Hai
name: Zhang, Lei
name: Ghader, Sepehr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mathematical modeling of epidemic spreading has been widely adopted to estimate the threats of epidemic diseases (i.e., the COVID-19 pandemic) as well as to evaluate epidemic control interventions. The indoor place is considered to be a significant epidemic spreading risk origin, but existing widely-used epidemic spreading models are usually limited for indoor places since the dynamic physical distance changes between people are ignored, and the empirical features of the essential and non-essential travel are not differentiated. In this paper, we introduce a pedestrian-based epidemic spreading model that is capable of modeling indoor transmission risks of diseases during people's social activities. Taking advantage of the before-and-after mobility data from the University of Maryland COVID-19 Impact Analysis Platform, it's found that people tend to spend more time in grocery stores once their travel frequencies are restricted to a low level. In other words, an increase in dwell time could balance the decrease in travel frequencies and satisfy people's demand. Based on the pedestrian-based model and the empirical evidence, combined non-pharmaceutical interventions from different operational levels are evaluated. Numerical simulations show that restrictions on people's travel frequency and open-hours of indoor places may not be universally effective in reducing average infection risks for each pedestrian who visit the place. Entry limitations can be a widely effective alternative, whereas the decision-maker needs to balance the decrease in risky contacts and the increase in queue length outside the place that may impede people from fulfilling their travel needs.
title: Prof. Dr. Erwin Zschokke
title: [1855-1929]
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Bürgi, Oskar
Publisher: name: Art. Institut Orell Füssli
Year: 1929
Subjects: subject: 630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche
subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Nachruf
subject: Zschokke, Erwin
subject: Gontenschwil
subject: Zürich

description: Separatabdruck aus dem "Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde", Heft 7, Jahrgang 1929
Effect of dispersion on indistinguishability between single-photon wave-packets
Creators: name: Fan, Yun-Ru
name: Yuan, Chen-Zhi
name: Zhang, Rui-Ming
name: Shen, Si
name: Wu, Peng
name: Wang, He-Qing
name: Li, Hao
name: Deng, Guang-Wei
name: Song, Hai-Zhi
name: You, Li-Xing
name: Wang, Zhen
name: Wang, You
name: Guo, Guang-Can
name: Zhou, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With propagating through a dispersive medium, the temporal-spectral profile of laser pulses should be inevitably modified. Although such dispersion effect has been well studied in classical optics, its effect on a single-photon wave-packet, i.e., the matter wave of a single-photon, has not yet been entirely revealed. In this paper, we investigate the effect of dispersion on indistinguishability of single-photon wave-packets through the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference. By dispersively manipulating two indistinguishable single-photon wave-packets before interfering with each other, we observe that the difference of the second-order dispersion between two optical paths of the HOM interferometer can be mapped to the interference curve, indicating that (1) with the same amount of dispersion effect in both paths, the HOM interference curve must be only determined by the intrinsic indistinguishability between the wave-packets, i.e., dispersion cancellation due to the indistinguishability between Feynman paths; (2) unbalanced dispersion effect in two paths cannot be cancelled and will broaden the interference curve thus providing a way to measure the second-order dispersion coefficient. Our results suggest a more comprehensive understanding of the single-photon wave-packet and pave ways to explore further applications of the HOM interference.
Building Efficient and Compact Data Structures for Simplicial Complexes
Creators: name: Boissonnat, Jean-Daniel
name: S., Karthik C.
name: Tavenas, Sébastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Simplex Tree (ST) is a recently introduced data structure that can represent abstract simplicial complexes of any dimension and allows efficient implementation of a large range of basic operations on simplicial complexes. In this paper, we show how to optimally compress the Simplex Tree while retaining its functionalities. In addition, we propose two new data structures called the Maximal Simplex Tree (MxST) and the Simplex Array List (SAL). We analyze the compressed Simplex Tree, the Maximal Simplex Tree, and the Simplex Array List under various settings.
description: An extended abstract appeared in the proceedings of SoCG 2015
title: Interference scattering (iSCAT) microscopy of nanoobjects
Creators: name: Salapa, Julia
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Interference scattering
subject: microscopy
subject: label-free
subject: super-resolution microscopy
subject: photothermal microscopy
subject: single-molecule imaging

description: Label-free analysis made possible through the advent of scattering-based imaging techniques offers a viable alternative to fluorimetry. While dark field microscopy collects pure scattered light, common-path approaches like interferometric scattering microscopy (iSCAT) rely on augmentation of the weak scattering signal with a strong reference wave. These approaches allow for super-resolution, single-molecule investigation of molecular properties and behaviors with high precision and accuracy. The project includes the construction of an iSCAT microscope and subsequent ultrasensitive imaging and characterization of individual nanoparticles as well as proteins as proof of concept. This thesis focuses on characterizing and optimizing technical parameters in the experimental setup as well as combining iSCAT microscopy with a photothermal method for imaging of static plasmonic particles. Moreover, various approaches for signal enhancement are theoretically modelled comprising multiple factors connected to the recording device, objective and nanopositioning stage. In order to characterize the setup, exemplary results from dynamical iSCAT measurements of 10 nm gold nanoparticles are presented. Finally, the iSCAT setup was expanded to include a heating beam for plasmonic excitation of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) embedded in a thermo-optical matrix. Photothermal images of GNPs down to a size of 20 nm were reconstructed and analyzed at different modulation frequencies.
In situ apparatus for the study of clathrate hydrates relevant to solar system bodies using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy
Creators: name: Day, Sarah J.
name: Thompson, Stephen P.
name: Evans, Aneurin
name: Parker, Julia E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Clathrate hydrates are believed to play a significant role in various solar system environments, e.g. comets, and the surfaces and interiors of icy satellites, however the structural factors governing their formation and dissociation are poorly understood. We demonstrate the use of a high pressure gas cell, combined with variable temperature cooling and time-resolved data collection, to the in situ study of clathrate hydrates under conditions relevant to solar system environments. Clathrates formed and processed within the cell are monitored in situ using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction allows the formation of clathrate hydrates to be observed as CO2 gas is applied to ice formed within the cell. Complete conversion is obtained by annealing at temperatures just below the ice melting point. A subsequent rise in the quantity of clathrate is observed as the cell is thermally cycled. Four regions between 100-5000cm-1 are present in the Raman spectra that carry features characteristic of both ice and clathrate formation. This novel experimental arrangement is well suited to studying clathrate hydrates over a range of temperature (80-500K) and pressure (1-100bar) conditions and can be used with a variety of different gases and starting aqueous compositions. We propose the increase in clathrate formation observed during thermal cycling may be due to the formation of a quasi liquid-like phase that forms at temperatures below the ice melting point, but which allows easier formation of new clathrate cages, or the retention and delocalisation of previously formed clathrate structures, possibly as amorphous clathrate. The structural similarities between hexagonal ice, the quasi liquid-like phase, and crystalline CO2 hydrate mean that differences in the Raman spectrum are subtle; however, all features out to 5000cm-1 are diagnostic of clathrate structure.
description: Astronomy & Astrophysics, in press. 6 pages
ART and FRT cue weighting in children (Peter et al., 2018)
Creators: name: Varghese Peter
name: Kalashnikova, Marina
name: Burnham, Denis
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 170204 Linguistic Processes (incl. Speech Production and Comprehension)
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 200404 Laboratory Phonetics and Speech Science
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Purpose: An important skill in the development of speech perception is to apply optimal weights to acoustic cues so that phonemic information is recovered from speech with minimum effort. Here, we investigated the development of acoustic cue weighting of amplitude rise time (ART) and formant rise time (FRT) cues in children as measured by mismatch negativity (MMN).Method: Twelve adults and 36 children aged 6–12 years listened to a /ba/–/wa/ contrast in an oddball paradigm in which the standard stimulus had the ART and FRT cues of /ba/. In different blocks, the deviant stimulus had either the ART or FRT cues of /wa/.Results: The results revealed that children younger than 10 years were sensitive to both ART and FRT cues whereas 10- to 12-year-old children and adults were sensitive only to FRT cues. Moreover, children younger than 10 years generated a positive mismatch response, whereas older children and adults generated MMN.Conclusion: These results suggest that preattentive adultlike weighting of ART and FRT cues is attained only by 10 years of age and accompanies the change from mismatch response to the more mature MMN response.
Supplemental Material S1. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results.
Peter, V., Kalashnikova, M., & Burnham, D. (2018). Weighting of amplitude and formant rise time cues by school-aged children: A mismatch negativity study. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 61, 1322–1333. https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_JSLHR-H-17-0334
A Single Center Retrospective Study of the Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Immune-related Adverse Events in Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Creators: name: Guan, J.
name: Socinski, M.A.
name: Ahmed, Z.
name: Guo, M.
name: Ahmad, S.
name: Grove, A.
name: Zhou, S.
name: Miao, R.
name: Mekhail, T.
name: Yu, J.
name: Liu, J.
name: Manoucheri, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause a variety of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with increased amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may affect the outcome of irAEs. Data are limited regarding the impact of COVID-19 on irAEs in ICI-treated cancer patients. Hence, in this study, we retrospectively analyzed ICI-treated adult patients with malignant solid tumors at a single institution between August 2020 and August 2021. Patients who had the most recent ICI treatment over 1-month before or after the positive COVID-19 test were excluded from the study. For the COVID-19 positive group, only the irAEs that developed after COVID-19 infection were considered as events. A total of 579 patients were included in our study, with 46 (7.9%) in the COVID-19 positive group and 533 (92.1%) in the COVID-19 negative group. The baseline characteristics of patients in the 2 groups were similar. With a median follow-up of 331 days (range: 21-2226), we noticed a nonsignificant higher incidence of all-grade irAEs in the COVID-19 positive group (30.4% vs. 19.9%, P=0.18). The incidence of grade 3 and 4 irAEs was significantly higher in the COVID-19 positive group (10.9% vs. 3.2%, P=0.02). Multivariate analysis confirmed the association between COVID-19 infection and increased risk of severe irAE development (odds ratio: 1.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.14, P=0.01). Our study suggested that COVID-19 may pose a risk of severe irAEs in cancer patients receiving ICIs. Close monitoring and possibly delaying ICI administration could be considered when cancer patients are infected with COVID-19.
The Digital Twin Paradigm for Biodiversity Research Data
Creators: name: Islam, Sharif
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: FAIR
FAIR Digital Objects
Biodiversity
Digital Twin

description: The concept of the Digital Twin paradigm and its related technologies are not new, having been adopted in various forms in the construction and space industries. However, its application in the environmental sciences and biodiversity is still in the early stages of
 development. The Biodiversity Digital Twin (BioDT) project (https://biodt.eu/), launched in 2022 and scheduled to conclude in 2025, aims to create a prototype that supports advanced models for simulation and prediction, addressing crucial global biodiversity issues. Similarly, other European initiatives, such as the Destination Earth (DestinE) and Ocean Digital Twin, are also adopting the Digital Twin paradigm, integrating High Performance Computing, IoT, AI, ML, and data analytics. The FAIR principles play a crucial role in ensuring that the implementation of digital twin applications with diverse data streams and digital objects (such as software, models, workflows, and algorithms) are accessible, reusable, and interoperable. This presentation aims to address the challenges of implementing FAIR principles focusing on the early stages of FAIR and FAIR Digital Object implementation within the BioDT project.
Hierarchical Amortized Training for Memory-efficient High Resolution 3D GAN
Creators: name: Sun, Li
name: Chen, Junxiang
name: Xu, Yanwu
name: Gong, Mingming
name: Yu, Ke
name: Batmanghelich, Kayhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) have many potential medical imaging applications, including data augmentation, domain adaptation, and model explanation. Due to the limited memory of Graphical Processing Units (GPUs), most current 3D GAN models are trained on low-resolution medical images, these models either cannot scale to high-resolution or are prone to patchy artifacts. In this work, we propose a novel end-to-end GAN architecture that can generate high-resolution 3D images. We achieve this goal by using different configurations between training and inference. During training, we adopt a hierarchical structure that simultaneously generates a low-resolution version of the image and a randomly selected sub-volume of the high-resolution image. The hierarchical design has two advantages: First, the memory demand for training on high-resolution images is amortized among sub-volumes. Furthermore, anchoring the high-resolution sub-volumes to a single low-resolution image ensures anatomical consistency between sub-volumes. During inference, our model can directly generate full high-resolution images. We also incorporate an encoder with a similar hierarchical structure into the model to extract features from the images. Experiments on 3D thorax CT and brain MRI demonstrate that our approach outperforms state of the art in image generation. We also demonstrate clinical applications of the proposed model in data augmentation and clinical-relevant feature extraction.
description: Paper accepted to IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, code available at https://github.com/batmanlab/HA-GAN
A clarification of misconceptions, myths and desired status of artificial intelligence
Creators: name: Emmert-Streib, Frank
name: Yli-Harja, Olli
name: Dehmer, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The field artificial intelligence (AI) has been founded over 65 years ago. Starting with great hopes and ambitious goals the field progressed though various stages of popularity and received recently a revival in the form of deep neural networks. Some problems of AI are that so far neither 'intelligence' nor the goals of AI are formally defined causing confusion when comparing AI to other fields. In this paper, we present a perspective on the desired and current status of AI in relation to machine learning and statistics and clarify common misconceptions and myths. Our discussion is intended to uncurtain the veil of vagueness surrounding AI to see its true countenance.
The Knee of the Cosmic Hydrogen and Helium Spectrum below 1 PeV Measured by ARGO-YBJ and a Cherenkov Telescope of LHAASO
Creators: name: Bartoli, B.
name: Bernardini, P.
name: Bi, X. J.
name: Branchini, P.
name: Budano, A.
name: Camarri, P.
name: Cao, Z.
name: Cardarelli, R.
name: Catalanotti, S.
name: Chen, S. Z.
name: Chen, T. L.
name: Creti, P.
name: Cui, S. W.
name: Dai, B. Z.
name: D'Amone, A.
name: Danzengluobu
name: De Mitri, I.
name: Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre
name: Di Girolamo, T.
name: Di Sciascio, G.
name: Feng, C. F.
name: Feng, Zhaoyang
name: Feng, Zhenyong
name: Gou, Q. B.
name: Guo, Y. Q.
name: He, H. H.
name: Hu, Haibing
name: Hu, Hongbo
name: Iacovacci, M.
name: Iuppa, R.
name: Jia, H. Y.
name: Labaciren
name: Li, H. J.
name: Liguori, G.
name: Liu, C.
name: Liu, J.
name: Liu, M. Y.
name: Lu, H.
name: Ma, L. L.
name: Ma, X. H.
name: Mancarella, G.
name: Mari, S. M.
name: Marsella, G.
name: Martello, D.
name: Mastroianni, S.
name: Montini, P.
name: Ning, C. C.
name: Panareo, M.
name: Perrone, L.
name: Pistilli, P.
name: Ruggieri, F.
name: Salvini, P.
name: Santonico, R.
name: Shen, P. R.
name: Sheng, X. D.
name: Shi, F.
name: Surdo, A.
name: Tan, Y. H.
name: Vallania, P.
name: Vernetto, S.
name: Vigorito, C.
name: Wang, H.
name: Wu, C. Y.
name: Wu, H. R.
name: Xue, L.
name: Yang, Q. Y.
name: Yang, X. C.
name: Yao, Z. G.
name: Yuan, A. F.
name: Zha, M.
name: Zhang, H. M.
name: Zhang, L.
name: Zhang, X. Y.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Zhao, J.
name: Zhaxiciren
name: Zhaxisangzhu
name: Zhou, X. X.
name: Zhu, F. R.
name: Zhu, Q. Q.
name: Zizzi, G.
name: Bai, Y. X.
name: Chen, M. J.
name: Chen, Y.
name: Feng, S. H.
name: Gao, B.
name: Gu, M. H.
name: Hou, C.
name: Li, X. X.
name: Liu, J.
name: Liu, J. L.
name: Wang, X.
name: Xiao, G.
name: Zhang, B. K.
name: Zhang, S. S.
name: Zhou, B.
name: Zuo, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measurement of cosmic ray energy spectra, in particular for individual species, is an essential approach in finding their origin. Locating the "knees" of the spectra is an important part of the approach and has yet to be achieved. Here we report a measurement of the mixed Hydrogen and Helium spectrum using the combination of the ARGO-YBJ experiment and of a prototype Cherenkov telescope for the LHAASO experiment. A knee feature at 640+/-87 TeV, with a clear steepening of the spectrum, is observed. This gives fundamental inputs to galactic cosmic ray acceleration models.
Additional file 7 of Predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Zhang, Sai
name: Diao, Jun
name: Chunmei Qi
name: Jingjing Jin
name: Li, Li
name: Xingjuan Gao
name: Gong, Lei
name: Weiheng Wu
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology

description: The result of no reflow (Pâ
Uniqueness of curvature measures in pseudo-Riemannian geometry
Creators: name: Bernig, Andreas
name: Faifman, Dmitry
name: Solanes, Gil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C65, 53C50

description: The recently introduced Lipschitz-Killing curvature measures on pseudo-Riemannian manifolds satisfy a Weyl principle, i.e. are invariant under isometric embeddings. We show that they are uniquely characterized by this property. We apply this characterization to prove a Künneth-type formula for Lipschitz-Killing curvature measures, and to classify the invariant generalized valuations and curvature measures on all isotropic pseudo-Riemannian space forms.
description: 25 pages
On the Existence of a Global Neighbourhood
Creators: name: Coates, Tom
name: Iritani, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Suppose that a complex manifold M is locally embedded into a higher-dimensional neighbourhood as a submanifold. We show that, if the local neighbourhood germs are compatible in a suitable sense, then they glue together to give a global neighbourhood of M. As an application, we prove a global version of Hertling--Manin's unfolding theorem for germs of TEP structures; this has applications in the study of quantum cohomology.
description: 9 pages
Fully-Integrated 3D Image Sensor Systems using SPADs and Photodiodes
Creators: name: SIMON MARTIN KENNEDY
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 90604 Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 90606 Photonics and Electro-Optical Engineering (excl. Communications)

description: This thesis presents techniques to fully integrate both single photon avalanche diode and photodiode sensors to produce a monolithic 3D image capture system capable of simultaneously measuring intensity and distance. The proposed sensor enables true 3D image capture using a single optical lens and captures significantly more data than a single pixel technology sensor. The designed image sensor system is ideal for inclusion in autonomous systems such as micro unmanned aircraft systems where high quality, low latency 3D image data is required and there are strict payload restrictions.