cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The targum (1947:Oct. 3 - 1947:Oct. 31)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1947

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
title: Equity Option-Implied Probability of Default and Equity Recovery Rate
Creators: name: Chang, Bo Young
name: Orosi, Greg
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2016

description: There is a close link between prices of equity options and the default probability of a firm. We show that in the presence of positive expected equity recovery, standard methods that assume zero equity recovery at default misestimate the option-implied default probability. We introduce a simple method to detect stocks with positive expected equity recovery by examining option prices and propose a method to extract the default probability from option prices that allows for positive equity recovery. We demonstrate possible applications of our methodology with examples that include large financial institutions in the United States during the 2007–09 subprime crisis.
description: Il existe un lien étroit entre les prix des options sur actions et la probabilité de défaillance d’une entreprise. Nous montrons qu’en présence d’une valeur de recouvrement espérée positive des actions, les méthodes usuelles, qui reposent sur l’hypothèse d’un taux de recouvrement nul de la valeur des actions en cas de défaillance, estiment mal la probabilité de défaillance implicite. Nous présentons une méthode simple, fondée sur l’examen du prix des options, pour détecter les actions dont le taux de recouvrement espéré est positif. Nous proposons aussi une méthode pour extraire la probabilité de défaillance à partir des prix des options, qui postule un recouvrement positif de la valeur des actions. Nous illustrons les utilisations possibles de notre démarche en l’appliquant entre autres aux cas de grandes institutions financières aux États-Unis durant la crise des prêts hypothécaires à risque des années 2007 à 2009.
Profitability and Long-term Survival of Community Banks: Evidence from Texas
Creators: name: Acharya, Ram N.
name: Kagan, Albert
name: Richards, Timothy J.
name: Acharya, Ram N.
name: Kagan, Albert
name: Richards, Timothy J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: This study examines the impact of distance among competing bank locations on market their pricing behavior. A general spatial autoregressive model that nests both spatial autoregressive and spatial error models is used to examine the impact of distance on pricing behavior of 686 non-metro banks in Texas. Results show that non-metro banks exercise market power in pricing their products. An increase in spatial competition may reduce profitability and challenge long term survival of small community based financial institutions.
Algebra and calculus for Tsallis thermostatistics
Creators: name: Kalogeropoulos, Nikos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct generalized additions and multiplications, forming fields, and division algebras inspired by the Tsallis thermo-statistics. We also construct derivations and integrations in this spirit. These operations do not reduce to the naively expected ones, when the deformation parameter approaches zero.
description: 14 pages, no figures. To be published in Physica A
Fake dark matter from retarded distortions
Creators: name: Re, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We push ahead the idea developed in [24], that some fraction of the dark matter and the dark energy can be explained as a relativistic effect. The inhomogeneity matter generates gravitational distortions, which are general relativistically retarded. These combine in a magnification effect since the past matter density, which generated the distortion we feel now, is greater than the present one. The non negligible effect on the averaged expansion of the universe contributes both to the estimations of the dark matter and to the dark energy, so that the parameters of the Cosmological Standard Model need some corrections. In this second work we apply the previously developed framework to relativistic models of the universe. It results that one parameter remain free, so that more solutions are possible, as function of inhomogeneity. One of these fully explains the dark energy, but requires more dark matter than the Cosmological Standard Model (91% of the total matter). Another solution fully explains the dark matter, but requires more dark energy than the Cosmological Standard Model (15% more). A third noteworthy solution explains a consistent part of the dark matter (it would be 63% of the total matter) and also some of the dark energy (4%).
description: 35 pages, 8 figures
Analysis of Farm Service Agency Direct Loan Loss Likelihoods and Loss Rates
Creators: name: Ahrendsen, Bruce L.
name: Dixon, Bruce L.
name: Nwoha, Ogbonnaya John
name: Hamm, Sandra J.
name: Danforth, Diana M.
name: Ahrendsen, Bruce L.
name: Dixon, Bruce L.
name: Nwoha, Ogbonnaya John
name: Hamm, Sandra J.
name: Danforth, Diana M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: The USDA's Farm Service Agency (FSA) serves as the nation's lender of last resort by providing direct loans to farmers unable to obtain credit at reasonable rates and terms. Annual loan losses have been substantial, averaging $576 million for fiscal 1994-2004. An econometric model using survey data from a sample of FSA loans originated in fiscal 1994-1996 is estimated to identify factors associated with loan losses. The results indicate previous debt settlement experience, loan type, farm type, farm size, and farm financial characteristics are important factors. This information may be used by FSA to adjust its underwriting standards in an effort to reduce loan losses and provide additional loans to farmers given its current funding.
title: Options Decimalization
Creators: name: Chin, Faith
name: Garriott, Corey
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2016

description: We document the outcome of an options decimalization pilot on Canada’s derivatives exchange. Decimalization improves measures of liquidity and price efficiency. The impact differs by the moneyness of an option and is greatest for out-of-the-money options. In contrast with equity studies, decimalization improved depth near the best prices and improved liquidity for larger trades. We conclude with advice on decimalizing options: options that benefit most have underlying volatility less than 40, underlying equity bid-ask spread less than 50 basis points, at least one trade a day, and a distribution of depth skewed toward marketable prices.
description: Dans la présente étude, nous analysons les résultats des projets pilotes de décimalisation du prix des options qui ont été menés par la bourse canadienne des produits dérivés. La décimalisation améliore les mesures de la liquidité et de l’efficience des prix. Les effets de cette opération varient selon le degré de parité d’une option et sont plus marqués pour les options hors du cours. À la différence des études relatives à la décimalisation sur les marchés des actions, la présente étude révèle que la décimalisation accroît la profondeur du marché des options dans le haut de la fourchette des cours et améliore la liquidité pour les transactions de grande ampleur. Nous concluons en donnant quelques conseils sur la décimalisation des options : cette opération est plus avantageuse pour les options qui ont une volatilité sous-jacente inférieure à 40, qui affichent un écart acheteur-vendeur sous-jacent du cours des actions de moins de 50 points de base, qui font l’objet d’au moins une transaction par jour, ou qui présentent une distribution de la profondeur du marché asymétrique en faveur des meilleurs cours.
The targum (1947:Dec. 2 - 1947:Dec. 17)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1947

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
title: Guidelines for Using the Climate Change Vulnerability Index
Creators: name: Lyons, Marta
name: Young, Bruce
name: Thurman, Lindsey
name: Young, Bruce
Publisher: name: NatureServe
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/02rnyzs79
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Motivated by the need for a means to rapidly assess the vulnerability of species to climate change, NatureServe
developed a Climate Change Vulnerability Index (CCVI) in the early 2010s. The CCVI has gone through several
revisions, including the widely used version 3.0 in 2016. This latest release (4.0), represents the first revision
since 2016 and is now available as a web-based online version and as a downloadable Excel Workbook version.

The CCVI uses a scoring system that integrates a species’ exposure to projected climate change within an
assessment area, including consideration of sea level rise where applicable, and three sets of factors associated
with adaptive capacity, each supported by published studies: 1) species-specific adaptive capacity factors; 2)
threat multipliers, such as barriers to dispersal and anthropogenic threats; and 3) documented and modeled
responses to climate change.

Assessing species with the CCVI facilitates grouping unrelated taxa by their relative risk to climate change, as well
as identifying patterns of climate stressors that affect multiple taxa. A primary goal for the CCVI 4.0 is to continue
providing input for planning documents, such as State Wildlife Action Plans, to allow consideration of climate
change impacts together with other stressors. Further, we hope that this tool will help resource managers
develop and prioritize strategies for climate adaptation that increase the resilience and adaptive potential of
species to climate change. This document provides instructions along with a description of the underlying
algorithm.

The CCVI 4.0 incorporates Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs (MACA) exposure data derived from
projected mid-century departures in temperature and climate moisture deficit using an ensemble of 20 global
climate models (GCMs) of the Coupled Model Inter-Comparison Project 5 (CMIP5) climate data. Both
Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 (intermediate) and RCP 8.5 (worst-case) scenarios are provided
for comparison. The CCVI 4.0 also uses a framework for measuring adaptive capacity described by Thurman et al.
(2020). Modules C – I now replace the Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity section of previous CCVI releases. As an
online tool, this release allows users to save and return to assessments as well as “publish” and share completed
assessments that other users can view to inform their own assessments.
The Expanded Johnson System: A Highly Flexible Crop Yield Distribution Model
Creators: name: Ramirez, Octavio A.
name: McDonald, Tanya U.
name: Ramirez, Octavio A.
name: McDonald, Tanya U.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: The expanded form of the Johnson system advanced in this paper can model any theoretically possible combination of the first four central moments of a random variable, i.e. any mean-variance-skewness-kurtosis combination exhibited by a yield, price or any other distribution that may be encountered in practice. None of the probability distribution models previously in the literature come close to achieving such property. An application involving Illinois farm-level corn yields is presented to illustrate the estimation, characteristics and use of the proposed system. Although the yield data analyzed is from the same state and crop, the skewness and kurtosis combinations implied by the best fitting non-normal models extend over a large region of the S-K plane, corresponding to both the SU and the SB families. Theoretically, it is known that several of these S-K combinations can not be accommodated by the most commonly used parametric models based on the Beta and the Gamma distributions, which corroborates the need for probability distribution models that can span larger areas of this space.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 11/28/06. Former title: The Expanded and Re-Parameterized Johnson System: A Most Crop-Yield Distribution Model
On Arnold-Villasenor Conjectures for Characterizing Exponential Distribution Based on Sample of Size Three
Creators: name: Yanev, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G30, 62E10

description: Arnold and Villasenor (2013) obtain a series of characterizations of the exponential distribution based on random samples of size two. These results were already applied in constructing goodness-of-fit tests. Extending the techniques from Arnold and Villasenor (2013), we prove some of the conjectures for samples of size three. An example with simulated data is discussed.
The targum (1947:Nov. 4 - 1947:Nov. 25)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1947

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Who's cooking? Time spent preparing food by gender, income and household composition
Creators: name: Mancino, Lisa
name: Newman, Constance
name: Mancino, Lisa
name: Newman, Constance
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: We use the American Time Use Survey data and multivariate analysis to explore how time allocated to food preparation differs across income groups, household composition (number of adults and presence of children), and employment status of adults in the household.
Equilibrium Fluctuations for a One-Dimensional Interface in the Solid on Solid Approximation
Creators: name: Posta, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K35, 82C22

description: An unbounded one-dimensional solid-on-solid model with integer heights is studied. Unbounded here means that there is no a priori restrictions on the discret e gradient of the interface. The interaction Hamiltonian of the interface is given by a finite range part, pr oportional to the sum of height differences, plus a part of exponentially decaying long range potentials. The evolution of the interface is a reversible Markov process. We prove that if this system is started in the center of a box of size L after a time of order L^3 it reaches, with a very large probability, the top or the bottom of the box.
Modelling the Acceptance of High Beta-carotene Maize
Creators: name: Tothova, Monika
name: Meyers, William H.
name: Tothova, Monika
name: Meyers, William H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: In the development of high beta carotene (HBC) maize, the focus is on subsistence farms which do not get any (or at least very little) benefit from commercial fortification programs. The technology can be considered to be primarily for the small-scale subsistence farmer. The paper postulates a household decision model that takes into account the production and consumption tradeoffs between traditional and biofortified seed. The objective is to understand the effect of these differing traits on the adoption decision when white maize is preferred by the consumers.
title: Acenocoumarol’s pharmacokinetic
title: linear or not?
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Kumar, Parveen
name: Kapoor, Puneet
name: Chhikara, Meenu
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610

description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 18. 2019, p. 679-682
A simplified method for the computation of correlation effects on the band structure of semiconductors
Creators: name: Birkenheuer, Uwe
name: Fulde, Peter
name: Stoll, Hermann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simplified computational scheme in order to calculate the effects of electron correlations on the energy bands of diamond and silicon. By adopting a quasiparticle picture we compute first the relaxation and polarization effects around an electron set into a conduction band Wannier orbital. This is done by allowing the valence orbitals to relax within a self-consistent field (SCF) calculation. The diagonal matrix element of the Hamiltonian leads to a shift of the center of gravity of the conduction band while the off-diagonal matrix elements result in a small reduction of the conduction-electron band width. This calculation is supplemented by the computation of the loss of ground state correlations due to the blocked Wannier orbital into which the added electron has been placed. The same procedure applies to the removal of an electron, i.e., to the valence bands. But the latter have been calculated previously in some detail and previous results are used in order to estimate the energy gap in the two materials. The numerical data reported here shows that the methods works, in principle, but that also some extension of the scheme is necessary to obtain fully satisfactory results.
description: RevTeX, 7 pages, 1 table, submitted to Theor. Chem. Acc
Second Class Currents, Axial Mass and Nuclear Effects in Hyperon Production
Creators: name: Thorpe, C.
name: Nowak, J.
name: Niewczas, K.
name: Sobczyk, J. T.
name: Juszczak, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the properties of the Cabibbo suppressed quasielastic production of $Λ$ and $Σ$ hyperons in antineutrino interactions with nuclei, including the effects of modified form factor axial mass, the second class current and SU(3) flavour violations. The hyperon and nucleon are subjected to the nuclear potential and the outgoing hyperon can undergo final state interactions. The hyperon potential has a significant effect on their production through absorption. We predict a significant enhancement of $Λ$ production compared with other hyperon production channels through $Σ\to Λ$ conversions. We produce predictions for several experiments by combining realistic neutrino energy distributions with suitable nuclear targets.
title: Non-Bank Investors and Loan Renegotiations
Creators: name: Paligorova, Teodora
name: Santos, João A. C.
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2016

description: We document that the structure of syndicates affects loan renegotiations. Lead banks with large retained shares have positive effects on renegotiations. In contrast, more diverse syndicates deter renegotiations, but only for credit lines. The former result can be explained with coordination theories. The puzzling effect of syndicate diversity in term loan renegotiations derives from the growth of collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) in the syndicated loan market and the coordination between these vehicles and lead banks. CLOs that have a relationship with the lead bank of the renegotiated loan are strong supporters of amount-increase renegotiations, arguably because this gives them access to attractive investments. Related CLOs fund not only their portion of the loan increase, but also the portion that was supposed to be funded by the lead bank. Our findings highlight the previously unrecognized role of the growing presence of non-bank lenders in corporate lending.
description: Nous montrons que la structure des syndicats financiers influe fortement sur la renégociation des emprunts. Les syndicataires chefs de file qui conservent d’importantes participations ont une incidence positive sur les renégociations. À l’inverse, des syndicats diversifiés rendent la renégociation moins probable, mais uniquement lorsqu’elle concerne des lignes de crédit. L’influence des syndicataires s’explique par la théorie des problèmes de coordination. L’effet étonnant de la diversité des syndicats financiers sur la renégociation des emprunts à terme trouve son origine dans la croissance des fonds de titres adossés à des prêts sur le marché des crédits consortiaux et dans la coordination entre ces véhicules et les syndicataires chefs de file. Lorsqu’ils ont une relation avec les syndicataires chefs de file, les fonds sont plus nettement favorables à une augmentation du montant des crédits renégociés, sans doute parce que cette hausse leur offre des possibilités de placement intéressantes. Ces fonds financent non seulement leur part de la hausse des crédits, mais aussi la part que le syndicataire chef de file est censé assumer. Nos constats mettent en évidence le rôle jusqu’alors méconnu des prêteurs non bancaires, qui découle de leur présence grandissante sur le marché du crédit aux grandes entreprises.
Cobalt and copper abundances in 56 Galactic bulge red giants
Creators: name: Ernandes, H.
name: Barbuy, B.
name: Friaça, A.
name: Hill, V.
name: Zoccali, M.
name: Minniti, D.
name: Renzini, A.
name: Ortolani, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Milky Way bulge is an important tracer of the early formation and chemical enrichment of the Galaxy. The abundances of different iron-peak elements in field bulge stars can give information on the nucleosynthesis processes that took place in the earliest supernovae. Cobalt (Z=27) and copper (Z=29) are particularly interesting.We aim to identify the nucleosynthesis processes responsible for the formation of the iron-peak elements Co and Cu. Methods. We derived abundances of the iron-peak elements cobalt and copper in 56 bulge giants, 13 of which were red clump stars. High-resolution spectra were obtained using FLAMES-UVES at the ESO Very Large Telescope by our group in 2000-2002, which appears to be the highest quality sample of high-resolution data on bulge red giants obtained in the literature to date. Over the years we have derived the abundances of C, N, O, Na, Al, Mg; the iron-group elements Mn and Zn; and neutron-capture elements. In the present work we derive abundances of the iron-peak elements cobalt and copper. We also compute chemodynamical evolution models to interpret the observed behaviour of these elements as a function of iron. The sample stars show mean values of [Co/Fe]~0.0 at all metallicities, and [Cu/Fe]~0.0 for [Fe/H]>-0.8 and decreasing towards lower metallicities with a behaviour of a secondary element. We conclude that [Co/Fe] varies in lockstep with [Fe/H], which indicates that it should be produced in the alpha-rich freezeout mechanism in massive stars. Instead [Cu/Fe] follows the behaviour of a secondary element towards lower metallicities, indicating its production in the weak s-process nucleosynthesis in He-burning and later stages. The chemodynamical models presented here confirm the behaviour of these two elements (i.e. [Co/Fe] vs. [Fe/H]~constant and [Cu/Fe] decreasing with decreasing metallicities).
description: Accepted to Astronomy & Astrophysics
Covariant Newtonian and Relativistic dynamics of (magneto)-elastic solid model for neutron star crust
Creators: name: Carter, Brandon
name: Chachoua, Elie
name: Chamel, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work develops the dynamics of perfectly elastic solid model for application to the outer crust of a magnetised neutron star. Particular attention is given to the Noether identities responsible for energy-momentum conservation, using a formulation that is fully covariant, not only (as is usual) in a fully relativistic treatment but also (sacrificing accuracy and elegance for economy of degrees of gravitational freedom) in the technically more complicated case of the Newtonian limit. The results are used to obtain explicit (relativistic and Newtonian) formulae for the propagation speeds of generalised (Alfven type) magneto-elastic perturbation modes.
description: 39 pages Latex
[ZeroPM Prioritization Workshop] Data science for prioritizing PM substances
Creators: name: Baskaran, Sivani
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: PMT
subject: vPvM
subject: Big data
subject: Data science
subject: Bayesian statistics

description: Presentation given at the ZeroPM Prioritization Workshop held in Dessau, Germany September 19-20, 2024.

https://zeropm.eu/prioritization-workshop/
Uniform semiclassical trace formula for U(3) --> SO(3) symmetry breaking
Creators: name: Brack, M.
name: Ögren, M.
name: Yu, Y.
name: Reimann, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a uniform semiclassical trace formula for the density of states of a three-dimensional isotropic harmonic oscillator (HO), perturbed by a term $\propto r^4$. This term breaks the U(3) symmetry of the HO, resulting in a spherical system with SO(3) symmetry. We first treat the anharmonic term in semiclassical perturbation theory by integration of the action of the perturbed periodic HO orbits over the manifold $\mathbb{C}$P$^2$ which characterizes their 4-fold degeneracy. Then we obtain an analytical uniform trace formula which in the limit of strong perturbations (or high energy) asymptotically goes over into the correct trace formula of the full anharmonic system with SO(3) symmetry, and in the limit $ε$ (or energy) $\to 0$ restores the HO trace formula with U(3) symmetry. We demonstrate that the gross-shell structure of this anharmonically perturbed system is dominated by the two-fold degenerate diameter and circular orbits, and {\it not} by the orbits with the largest classical degeneracy, which are the three-fold degenerate tori with rational ratios $ω_r:ω_ϕ=N:M$ of radial and angular frequencies. The same holds also for the limit of a purely quartic spherical potential $V(r)\propto r^4$.
description: LaTeX (revtex4), 26pp., 5 figures, 1 table; final version to be published in J. Phys. A (without appendices C and D)
Galaxy Morphology Classification using Neural Ordinary Differential Equations
Creators: name: Gupta, Raghav
name: Srijith, P. K.
name: Desai, Shantanu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a continuous depth version of the Residual Network (ResNet) called Neural ordinary differential equations (NODE) for the purpose of galaxy morphology classification. We carry out a classification of galaxy images from the Galaxy Zoo 2 dataset, consisting of five distinct classes, and obtained an accuracy between 91-95\%, depending on the image class. We train NODE with different numerical techniques such as adjoint and Adaptive Checkpoint Adjoint (ACA) and compare them against ResNet. While ResNet has certain drawbacks, such as time consuming architecture selection (e.g. the number of layers) and the requirement of a large dataset needed for training, NODE can overcome these limitations. Through our results, we show that that the accuracy of NODE is comparable to ResNet, and the number of parameters used is about one-third as compared to ResNet, thus leading to a smaller memory footprint, which would benefit next generation surveys.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. Now also used NODE_ACA. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Computing
Robust Inference of Trees
Creators: name: Zaffalon, Marco
name: Hutter, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper is concerned with the reliable inference of optimal tree-approximations to the dependency structure of an unknown distribution generating data. The traditional approach to the problem measures the dependency strength between random variables by the index called mutual information. In this paper reliability is achieved by Walley's imprecise Dirichlet model, which generalizes Bayesian learning with Dirichlet priors. Adopting the imprecise Dirichlet model results in posterior interval expectation for mutual information, and in a set of plausible trees consistent with the data. Reliable inference about the actual tree is achieved by focusing on the substructure common to all the plausible trees. We develop an exact algorithm that infers the substructure in time O(m^4), m being the number of random variables. The new algorithm is applied to a set of data sampled from a known distribution. The method is shown to reliably infer edges of the actual tree even when the data are very scarce, unlike the traditional approach. Finally, we provide lower and upper credibility limits for mutual information under the imprecise Dirichlet model. These enable the previous developments to be extended to a full inferential method for trees.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures
HPLC method for the determination of monomer conversion and composition during the poly(styrene-r-methylmethacrylate) polymerization
Creators: name: Chiarcos, Riccardo
name: Antonioli, Diego
name: Sparnacci, Katia
name: Gabano, Elisabetta
name: Laus, Michele
name: Gianotti, Valentina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Copolymers of styrene (STY) and methylmetacrylate (MMA) are widely employed due to the low price of the starting monomers coupled with their synthetic versatility. A chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the conversion degree of the single components of the polymer during the copolymerization reaction and the composition of the produced copolymer. The crude reaction mixture is directly analyzed during the reaction with only a dilution pretreatment. Accordingly, the method allows quick and simple monitoring of the reaction as it proceeds.
TASTE CHANGES IN THE DEMAND FOR FOOD BY DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS IN THE UNITED STATES: A NONPARAMETRIC EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Cortez, Rafael
name: Senauer, Benjamin
name: Cortez, Rafael
name: Senauer, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: This study uses nonparametric techniques to analyze the stability of demand for 19 major food categories among various demographic groups in the United States. Households are divided into population groups by income, the head's age, and the spouse's education level. The data used are from the 1980-1990 Dairy portion of the Bureau of Labor Statistics annual Consumer Expenditures Surveys. The programming model developed by Sakong and Hayes is used to test for and measure taste changes. Substantial differences in preference trends between population groups are found for many of the food commodities.
ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF MINERAL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN NORTHEAST MINNESOTA
Creators: name: Maki, Wilbur R.
name: Maki, Wilbur R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The economic effects of mineral resource development addressed in this paper are the changes in employment, population and income in the State of Minnesota and in Northeast Minnesota. These include the present mining, processing and shipping of natural ores and taconite pellets and the potential copper-nickel development.
The importance of the ortho:para H2 ratio for the deuteration of molecules during pre-protostellar collapse
Creators: name: Flower, D. R.
name: Forets, G. Pineau des
name: Walmsley, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the evolution of molecular gas during the early stages of protostellar collapse. In addition to allowing for the freeze out of `heavy' species on to grains, we have computed the variation of population densities of the different nuclear spin states of ``tracer'' molecular ions such as H2D+ and D2H+. Processes which determine the relative populations of the nuclear spin states of molecules and molecular ions have received much less attention in the literature than those involved in their deuteration; but in fact the former processes are as significant as the latter and often involve the same reactants. We find that the ortho:para ratio of some species, e.g. H2D+, vary considerably as the density increases. Because the dynamical timescale is much shorter than some of the chemical timescales, there can be large departures of the predictions of the free--fall model from the steady state solution at the same density and temperature. In the case of H2, it seems unlikely that the steady state value of the ortho:para ratio is attained before protostellar collapse from the progenitor molecular cloud commences. Values of the ortho:para H2 ratio much higher than in steady state, which would prevail in ``young'' molecular clouds, are found to be inconsistent with high levels of deuteration of the gas. The internal energy of ortho--H2 acts as a reservoir of chemical energy which inhibits the deuteration of H3+ and hence of other species, such as N2H+ and NH3. In essence, the deuteration of molecular ions and molecules is sensitive to the ortho:para H2 ratio and hence to the chemical and thermal history of the parent molecular cloud.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
The 100 pc White Dwarf Sample in the SDSS Footprint
Creators: name: Kilic, Mukremin
name: Bergeron, P.
name: Kosakowski, Alekzander
name: Brown, Warren R.
name: Agueros, Marcel A.
name: Blouin, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present follow-up spectroscopy of 711 white dwarfs within 100 pc, and present a detailed model atmosphere analysis of the 100 pc white dwarf sample in the SDSS footprint. Our spectroscopic follow-up is complete for 83% of the white dwarfs hotter than 6000 K, where the atmospheric composition can be constrained reliably. We identify 1508 DA white dwarfs with pure hydrogen atmospheres. The DA mass distribution has an extremely narrow peak at $0.59~M_{\odot}$, and reveals a shoulder from relatively massive white dwarfs with $M=0.7$-$0.9~M_{\odot}$. Comparing this distribution with binary population synthesis models, we find that the contribution from single stars that form through mergers cannot explain the over-abundance of massive white dwarfs. In addition, the mass distribution of cool DAs shows a near absence of $M>1~M_{\odot}$ white dwarfs. The pile-up of 0.7-$0.9~M_{\odot}$ and the disappearance of $M>1~M_{\odot}$ white dwarfs is consistent with the effects of core crystallization. Even though the evolutionary models predict the location of the pile-up correctly, the delay from the latent heat of crystallization by itself is insufficient to create a significant pile-up, and additional cooling delays from related effects like phase separation are necessary. We also discuss the population of infrared-faint (ultracool) white dwarfs, and demonstrate for the first time the existence of a well defined sequence in color and magnitude. Curiously, this sequence is connected to a region in the color-magnitude diagrams where the number of helium-dominated atmosphere white dwarfs is low. This suggests that the infrared-faint white dwarfs likely have mixed H/He atmospheres.
description: ApJ, in press
Using random numbers to obtain Kohn-Sham potential for a given density
Creators: name: Kumar, Ashish
name: Harbola, Manoj K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most of the density-to-potential inversion methods developed over the years follow a general algorithm $ v_{xc}^{i+1}(\textbf{r}) = v_{xc}^{i}(\textbf{r}) + Δv_{xc}(\textbf{r})$, where $Δv_{xc}(\textbf{r}) = \frac{δS[ρ]}{δρ(\textbf{r})} \Big |_{ ρ_i(\textbf{r})} - \frac{δS[ρ]}{δρ(\textbf{r})}\Big|_{ ρ_0(\textbf{r})}$ and $S[ρ]$ is an appropriately chosen density functional. In this work we show that this algorithm can be used with random numbers to obtain the exchange-correlation potential for a given density. This obviates the need to evaluate the functional $S[ρ]$ in each iterative step. The method is demonstrated by calculating exchange-correlation potential of atoms, clusters and the Hookium.
HOW SUCCESSFUL ARE BR&E IMPLEMENTATION EFFORTS? A FOUR-STATE EXAMPLE
Creators: name: Morse, George W.
name: Ha, Inhyuck
name: Morse, George W.
name: Ha, Inhyuck
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: For several years, Business Retention and Expansion professionals have pointed out that BR&E visitation programs appear to be relatively successful until it comes time to implement the plans developed in the BR&E visitation program. At the implementation stage, however, there have been very mixed reports. A number of articles have documented the benefits of BR&E visitation programs. Yet, none of these have examined the implementation of the strategic plans developed by BR&E visitation programs. Few communities would undertake the program if they did not expect to see some action on their plans. Likewise, few state agencies or universities would continue to support BR&E educational efforts if the BR&E programs do not implement the results of their BR&E visitation and planning programs. Because of the importance of this issue and the lack of systematic research on it, a four-state research project was conducted on this issue over the past two years. The major questions addressed were: (1) To what degree have BR&E visitation programs implemented the strategic plans which they developed? (2) How beneficial have these BR&E plans been? (3) Did these BR&E visitation programs conform to strategic planning principles? (4) Was the level of benefits received higher for programs that followed strategic planning principles?
title: The SWH-ID: a digital fingerprint identifying software source code
Creators: name: Di Cosmo, Roberto
name: Gruenpeter, Morane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: PID
intrinsic identifiers
software source code
cryptographic signature
software preservation
Merkle data structure
hash

description: The Software Heritage universal archive of software source code relies on
 well established techniques used in software development communities to
 identify the over 20 billion code artifacts it preserves with cryptographic hashes in a Merkle DAG data structure.
description: {"references": ["Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Abramatic, Roberto Di Cosmo, Stefano Zacchiroli Building the Universal Archive of Source Code, Communications of the ACM, October 2018 (doi:10.1145/3183558)", "Roberto Di Cosmo, Morane Gruenpeter, Stefano Zacchiroli Referencing Source Code Artifacts: a Separate Concern in Software Citation, Computing in Science and Engineering, IEEE, pp.1-9. (doi:10.1109/MCSE.2019.2963148) (hal-02446202)", "The Software Heritage team, swh-model, 0.0.52, 2019, software (swh:1:dir:742a129f510ecfcf3859de289bfd623384a37eb0;origin=https://pypi.org/project/swh.model/)"]}
Ring-shaped luminescence pattern in biased quantum wells studied as a steady state reaction front
Creators: name: Haque, Masudul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Under certain conditions, focused laser excitation in semiconductor quantum well structures can lead to charge separation and a circular reaction front, which is visible as a ring-shaped photoluminescence pattern. The diffusion-reaction equations governing the system are studied here with the aim of a detailed understanding of the steady state. The qualitative asymmetry in the sources for the two carriers is found to lead to unusual effects which dramatically affect the steady-state configuration. Analytic expressions are derived for carrier distributions and interface position for a number of cases. These are compared with steady-state information obtained from simulations of the diffusion-reaction equations.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures; v2 improved figures and discussion
Compact Group Actions On Closed Manifolds of Non-positive Curvature
Creators: name: Xu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57S25, 53C43 (Primary); 20F34 (Secondary)

description: A. Borel proved that, if a finite group $F$ acts effectively and continuously on a closed aspherical manifold $M$ with centerless fundamental group $π_1(M)$, then a natural homomorphism $ψ$ from $F$ to the outer automorphism group ${\rm Out} π_1(M)$ of $π_1(M)$, called the associated abstract kernel, is a monomorphism. In this paper, we investigate to what extent Borel's theorem holds for a compact Lie group $G$ acting effectively and smoothly on a particular orientable aspherical manifold $N$ admitting a Riemannian metric $g_0$ of non-positive curvature in case that $π_1(N)$ has a non-trivial center. It turns out that if $G$ attains the maximal dimension equal to the rank of Center $π_1(N)$ and the metric $g_0$ is real analytic, then any element of $G$ defining a diffemorphism homotopic to the identity of $N$ must be contained in the identity component $G^0$ of $G$. Moreover, if the inner automorphism group of $π_1(N)$ is torsion free, then the associated abstract kernel $ψ: G/G^0\to {\rm Out} π_1(N)$ is a monomorphism. The same result holds for the non-orientable $N$'s under certain techical assumptions. Our result is an application of a theorem by Schoen-Yau (Topology, {\bf 18} (1979), 361-380) on harmonic mappings.
description: 8 pages
Sequential Bayesian optimal experimental design for structural reliability analysis
Creators: name: Agrell, Christian
name: Dahl, Kristina Rognlien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Structural reliability analysis is concerned with estimation of the probability of a critical event taking place, described by $P(g(\textbf{X}) \leq 0)$ for some $n$-dimensional random variable $\textbf{X}$ and some real-valued function $g$. In many applications the function $g$ is practically unknown, as function evaluation involves time consuming numerical simulation or some other form of experiment that is expensive to perform. The problem we address in this paper is how to optimally design experiments, in a Bayesian decision theoretic fashion, when the goal is to estimate the probability $P(g(\textbf{X}) \leq 0)$ using a minimal amount of resources. As opposed to existing methods that have been proposed for this purpose, we consider a general structural reliability model given in hierarchical form. We therefore introduce a general formulation of the experimental design problem, where we distinguish between the uncertainty related to the random variable $\textbf{X}$ and any additional epistemic uncertainty that we want to reduce through experimentation. The effectiveness of a design strategy is evaluated through a measure of residual uncertainty, and efficient approximation of this quantity is crucial if we want to apply algorithms that search for an optimal strategy. The method we propose is based on importance sampling combined with the unscented transform for epistemic uncertainty propagation. We implement this for the myopic (one-step look ahead) alternative, and demonstrate the effectiveness through a series of numerical experiments.
description: 27 pages, 13 figures