Comprehensive geoneutrino analysis with Borexino
Creators: name: Agostini, M.
name: Altenmüller, K.
name: Appel, S.
name: Atroshchenko, V.
name: Bagdasarian, Z.
name: Basilico, D.
name: Bellini, G.
name: Benziger, J.
name: Bick, D.
name: Bonfini, G.
name: Bravo, D.
name: Caccianiga, B.
name: Calaprice, F.
name: Caminata, A.
name: Cappelli, L.
name: Cavalcante, P.
name: Cavanna, F.
name: Chepurnov, A.
name: Choi, K.
name: D'Angelo, D.
name: Davini, S.
name: Derbin, A.
name: Di Giacinto, A.
name: Di Marcello, V.
name: Ding, X. F.
name: Di Ludovico, A.
name: Di Noto, L.
name: Drachnev, I.
name: Fiorentini, G.
name: Formozov, A.
name: Franco, D.
name: Gabriele, F.
name: Galbiati, C.
name: Gschwender, M.
name: Ghiano, C.
name: Giammarchi, M.
name: Goretti, A.
name: Gromov, M.
name: Guffanti, D.
name: Hagner, C.
name: Hungerford, E.
name: Ianni, Aldo
name: Ianni, Andrea
name: Jany, A.
name: Jeschke, D.
name: Kumaran, S.
name: Kobychev, V.
name: Korga, G.
name: Lachenmaier, T.
name: Lasserre, T.
name: Laubenstein, M.
name: Litvinovich, E.
name: Lombardi, P.
name: Lomskaya, I.
name: Ludhova, L.
name: Lukyanchenko, G.
name: Lukyanchenko, L.
name: Machulin, I.
name: Mantovani, F.
name: Manuzio, G.
name: Marcocci, S.
name: Maricic, J.
name: Martyn, J.
name: Meroni, E.
name: Meyer, M.
name: Miramonti, L.
name: Misiaszek, M.
name: Montuschi, M.
name: Muratova, V.
name: Neumair, B.
name: Nieslony, M.
name: Oberauer, L.
name: Onillon, A.
name: Orekhov, V.
name: Ortica, F.
name: Pallavicini, M.
name: Papp, L.
name: Penek, Ö.
name: Pietrofaccia, L.
name: Pilipenko, N.
name: Pocar, A.
name: Raikov, G.
name: Ranalli, M. T.
name: Ranucci, G.
name: Razeto, A.
name: Re, A.
name: Redchuk, M.
name: Ricci, B.
name: Romani, A.
name: Rossi, N.
name: Rottenanger, S.
name: Schönert, S.
name: Semenov, D.
name: Skorokhvatov, M.
name: Smirnov, O.
name: Sotnikov, A.
name: Strati, V.
name: Suvorov, Y.
name: Tartaglia, R.
name: Testera, G.
name: Thurn, J.
name: Unzhakov, E.
name: Vishneva, A.
name: Vivier, M.
name: Vogelaar, R. B.
name: von Feilitzsch, F.
name: Wojcik, M.
name: Wurm, M.
name: Zaimidoroga, O.
name: Zavatarelli, S.
name: Zuber, K.
name: Zuzel, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a geoneutrino measurement using 3262.74 days of data taken with the Borexino detector at LNGS in Italy. By observing $52.6 ^{+9.4}_{-8.6} ({\rm stat}) ^{+2.7}_{-2.1}({\rm sys})$ geoneutrinos (68% interval) from $^{238}$U and $^{232}$Th, a signal of $47.0^{+8.4}_{-7.7}\,({\rm stat)}^{+2.4}_{-1.9}\,({\rm sys})$ TNU with $^{+18.3}_{-17.2}$% total precision was obtained. This result assumes the same Th/U mass ratio found in chondritic CI meteorites but compatible results were found when contributions from $^{238}$U and $^{232}$Th were fit as free parameters. Antineutrino background from reactors is fit unconstrained and found compatible with the expectations. The null-hypothesis of observing a signal from the mantle is excluded at a 99.0% C.L. when exploiting the knowledge of the local crust. Measured mantle signal of $21.2 ^{+9.6}_{-9.0} ({\rm stat})^{+1.1}_{-0.9} ({\rm sys})$ TNU corresponds to the production of a radiogenic heat of $24.6 ^{+11.1}_{-10.4}$ TW (68% interval) from $^{238}$U and $^{232}$Th in the mantle. Assuming 18% contribution of $^{40}$K in the mantle and $8.1^{+1.9}_{-1.4}$ TW of radiogenic heat of the lithosphere, the Borexino estimate of the total Earth radiogenic heat is $38.2 ^{+13.6}_{-12.7}$ TW, corresponding to a convective Urey ratio of 0.78$^{+0.41}_{-0.28}$. These values are compatible with different geological models, however there is a 2.4$σ$ tension with those which predict the lowest concentration of heat-producing elements. By fitting the data with a constraint on the reactor antineutrino background, the existence of a hypothetical georeactor at the center of the Earth having power greater than 2.4 TW at 95% C.L. is excluded. Particular attention is given to all analysis details, which should be of interest for the next generation geoneutrino measurements.
description: 69 pages, 56 Figures (some composed of multiple files), 17 Tables, 135 References