cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Diffractive Optics Design via Hardware-in-the-Loop Methodology for Achromatic Extended-Depth-of-Field Imaging
Creators: name: Pinilla, Samuel
name: Rostami, Seyyed Reza Miri
name: Shevkunov, Igor
name: Katkovnik, Vladimir
name: Eguiazarian, Karen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: End-to-end optimization of diffractive optical elements (DOEs) profile through a digital differentiable model combined with computational imaging have gained an increasing attention in emerging applications due to the compactness of resultant physical setups. Despite recent works have shown the potential of this methodology to design optics, its performance in physical setups is still limited and affected by manufacturing artifacts of DOE, mismatch between simulated and resultant experimental point spread functions, and calibration errors. Additionally, the computational burden of the digital differentiable model to effectively design the DOE is increasing, thus limiting the size of the DOE that can be designed. To overcome the above mentioned limitations, the broadband imaging system with phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) as an encoded DOE is proposed and developed in this paper. A co-design of the SLM phase pattern and image reconstruction algorithm is produced following the end-to-end strategy, using for optimization a convolutional neural network equipped with quantitative and qualitative loss functions. The optics of the imaging system is hybrid consisting of SLM as DOE and refractive lens. SLM phase-pattern is optimized by applying the Hardware-in-the-loop technique, which helps to eliminate the mismatch between numerical modeling and physical reality of image formation as light propagation is not numerically modeled but is physically done. In our experiments, the hybrid optics is implemented by the optical projection of the SLM phase-pattern on a lens plane for a depth range 0.4-1.9m. Comparison with compound multi-lens optics such as Sony A7 III and iPhone Xs Max cameras show that the proposed system is advanced in all-in-focus sharp imaging.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
The dual of the space of interactions in neural network models
Creators: name: De Martino, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In this work the Gardner problem of inferring interactions and fields for an Ising neural network from given patterns under a local stability hypothesis is addressed under a dual perspective. By means of duality arguments an integer linear system is defined whose solution space is the dual of the Gardner space and whose solutions represent mutually unstable patterns. We propose and discuss Monte Carlo methods in order to find and remove unstable patterns and uniformly sample the space of interactions thereafter. We illustrate the problem on a set of real data and perform ensemble calculation that shows how the emergence of phase dominated by unstable patterns can be triggered in a non-linear discontinuous way.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Supplementary Table 1 from Low connectivity between shallow, mesophotic and rariphotic zone benthos.
Creators: name: Stefanoudis, Paris V.
name: Rivers, Molly
name: Smith, Struan R.
name: Schneider, Craig W.
name: Wagner, Daniel
name: Ford, Helen
name: Rogers, Alex D.
name: Woodall, Lucy C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Detailed characteristics of each studied site and transect. NNE = North Northeast, PL = Plantagenet Bank, SP = Spittal, TIG = Tiger, DIV = Divers, SUB = Submersibles.
Universal Single-Frequency Oscillations in a Quantum Impurity System After a Local Quench
Creators: name: Bayat, Abolfazl
name: Bose, Sougato
name: Johannesson, Henrik
name: Sodano, Pasquale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long-lived single-frequency oscillations in the local non-equilibrium dynamics of a quantum many-body system is an exceptional phenomenon. In fact, till now, it has never been observed, nor predicted, for the physically relevant case where a system is prepared to be quenched from one quantum phase to another. Here we show how the quench dynamics of the entanglement spectrum may reveal the emergence of such oscillations in a correlated quantum system with Kondo impurities. The oscillations we find are characterized by a single frequency. This frequency is independent of the amount of energy released by the local quench, and scales with the inverse system size. Importantly, the quench-independent frequency manifests itself also in local observables, such as the spin-spin correlation function of the impurities.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Efficacy of lumacaftor-ivacaftor for the treatment of cystic fibrosis patients homozygous for the F508del-CFTR mutation
Creators: name: Gentzsch, M.
name: Esther, C.R., Jr.
name: Cholon, D.M.
Publisher: name: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
Year: 2016

description: Cystic fibrosis (CF) results from mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which codes for the CFTR channel protein. The most common mutation in CF is F508del, which produces a misfolded protein with diminished channel activity. The development of small-molecule CFTR-modulator compounds offers an exciting and novel approach for pharmacological treatment of CF. The corrector lumacaftor helps rescue F508del-CFTR to the cell surface, and potentiator ivacaftor increases F508del-CFTR channel activity. The combination of lumacaftor-ivacaftor (Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated) represents the first FDA-approved therapy for CF patients with two copies of the F508del mutation. Although this combination therapy is the first treatment to directly target the F508del-CFTR mutation, patients taking this drug displayed only modest improvements in lung function. This article summarizes recent data from clinical trials and research discoveries relating to the lumacaftor-ivacaftor treatment, and considers options for identifying future therapies that will be most efficacious for all CF patients.
Supplementary materials from Physics-informed dynamic mode decomposition
Creators: name: Baddoo, Peter J.
name: Herrmann, Benjamin
name: McKeon, Beverley J.
name: Nathan Kutz, J.
name: Brunton, Steven L.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 91504 Fluidisation and Fluid Mechanics
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: 10299 Applied Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 10399 Numerical and Computational Mathematics not elsewhere classified

description: In this work, we demonstrate how physical principles—such as symmetries, invariances and conservation laws—can be integrated into the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). DMD is a widely used data analysis technique that extracts low-rank modal structures and dynamics from high-dimensional measurements. However, DMD can produce models that are sensitive to noise, fail to generalize outside the training data and violate basic physical laws. Our physics-informed DMD (piDMD) optimization, which may be formulated as a Procrustes problem, restricts the family of admissible models to a matrix manifold that respects the physical structure of the system. We focus on five fundamental physical principles—conservation, self-adjointness, localization, causality and shift-equivariance—and derive several closed-form solutions and efficient algorithms for the corresponding piDMD optimizations. With fewer degrees of freedom, piDMD models are less prone to overfitting, require less training data, and are often less computationally expensive to build than standard DMD models. We demonstrate piDMD on a range of problems, including energy-preserving fluid flow, the Schrüdinger equation, solute advection-diffusion and three-dimensional transitional channel flow. In each case, piDMD outperforms standard DMD algorithms in metrics such as spectral identification, state prediction and estimation of optimal forcings and responses.
Climate resilient cities. Introducing two complementary projects’ approaches to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change
Creators: name: Amenta, Libera
name: Arena, Antonia
Publisher: name: UPLanD - Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape & environmental Design
Year: 2020

description: The risks related to climate change for urban settlements are referred, among others, to extreme weather phenomena as pluvial flooding and heat weaves. In the urban context, certain areas suffer more than others when an extreme climate event happens, having negative effects on the built environment and human health. Thus, exploring solutions to mitigate negative impacts of climate change is an urgent need for urban planners, architects and decision makers. This paper is aiming to introduce possible approaches and tools to identify adaptive solutions to reduce climate change risks, and also to increase the preparedness of decision makers to cope with these challenges. To do so, this paper, at first, introduces the problem, looking at it through the developing paradigm of Ecosystem Services and Blue and Green Infrastructures positively impacting on urban systems and human health; then it stresses the potentialities of the methodology of Urban Living Labs as innovative environments for learning, where to produce and share knowledge about the topic and developing related solutions. Then, it introduces two complementary projects’ approaches belonging to the ongoing research program of the Department of Architecture of the University of Naples Federico II, in Italy, to cope with climate change issues. Finally, together with the identification of the strengths of the two experiences, this paper discusses to what extent the Urban Living Lab approach could be implemented in the further developments of the two projects, opening in this way to new possible perspectives of research.
description: UPLanD - Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape & environmental Design, Vol 5 No 2: Healthy City
Territorial knowledge management for green infrastructures aimed at conservation of environmental continuity. A study on Italian National Parks
Creators: name: Marucci, Alessandro
name: Zullo, Francesco
name: Fiorini, Lorena
name: Di Dato, Chiara
Publisher: name: UPLanD - Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape & environmental Design
Year: 2020

description: On the ecological network functional structure, the National Parks undoubtedly represent core areas that play a key role on the biodiversity conservation strategies. The Italian National Parks system is characterized by the historic settlements presence, which represents a territorial peculiarity. On the one hand, this characteristic contributed to maintaining an enormous wealth of biodiversity and landscapes while, on the other hand, it strongly quickened the anthropic disturbance with certainly not negligible effects on the ecological connectivity. The years of intensive urban growth coincide in Italy with a period of almost stasis environmental legislation condition. Furthermore, the land planning penalized both by a lack of strategic vision and by the absence of a clear planning and programming framework. The main aim of this work is to highlight the conditions of presence of high pressures (derived to urban and infrastructural systems) and high environmental values by directional proximity analysis. It will be implemented a new effective indicator to highlight conflicts between the phenomena of urbanization and ecological values still present. This approach could permit to address the land planning future choices both at territorial and local scale in a perspective biodiversity conservation and mitigation of the anthropogenic impact on the National protected areas system.
description: UPLanD - Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape & environmental Design, Vol 5 No 2: Healthy City
Electroweak monopoles and their stability
Creators: name: Gervalle, Romain
name: Volkov, Mikhail S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a generalized field ansatz to describe the spherically symmetric sector of classical solutions of the electroweak theory. This sector contains Abelian magnetic monopoles labeled by their magnetic charge $n=\pm 1,\pm 2,\ldots$, the non-Abelian monopole for $n=\pm 2$ found previously by Cho and Maison (CM), and also the electric oscillating solutions. All magnetic monopoles have infinite energy. We analyze their perturbative stability and use the method of complex spacetime tetrad to separate variables and reduce the perturbation equations to multi-channel Schroedinger-type eigenvalue problems. The spectra of perturbations around the CM monopole do not contain negative modes hence this solution is stable. The $n=\pm 1$ Abelian monopole is also stable, but all monopoles with $|n|\geq 2$ are unstable with respect to perturbations with angular momentum $j=|n|/2-1$. The Abelian $|n|=2$ monopole is unstable only within the $j=0$ sector whereas the CM monopole also has $|n|=2$ and belongs to the same sector, hence it may be viewed as a stable remnant of the decay of the Abelian monopole. One may similarly conjecture that stable remnants exist also for monopoles with $|n|>2$, hence the CM monopole may be just the first member of a sequence of non-Abelian monopoles with higher magnetic charges. Only the CM monopole is spherically symmetric while all non-Abelian monopoles with $|n|>2$ are not rotationally invariant.
description: 49 pages, 5 figures
Period, epoch and prediction errors of ephemeris from continuous sets of timing measurements
Creators: name: Deeg, Hans J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Space missions such as Kepler and CoRoT have led to large numbers of eclipse or transit measurements in nearly continuous time series. This paper shows how to obtain the period error in such measurements from a basic linear least-squares fit, and how to correctly derive the timing error in the prediction of future transit or eclipse events. Assuming strict periodicity, a formula for the period error of such time series is derived: sigma_P = sigma_T (12/( N^3-N))^0.5, where sigma_P is the period error; sigma_T the timing error of a single measurement and N the number of measurements. Relative to the iterative method for period error estimation by Mighell & Plavchan (2013), this much simpler formula leads to smaller period errors, whose correctness has been verified through simulations. For the prediction of times of future periodic events, the usual linear ephemeris where epoch errors are quoted for the first time measurement, are prone to overestimation of the error of that prediction. This may be avoided by a correction for the duration of the time series. An alternative is the derivation of ephemerides whose reference epoch and epoch error are given for the centre of the time series. For long continuous or near-continuous time series whose acquisition is completed, such central epochs should be the preferred way for the quotation of linear ephemerides. While this work was motivated from the analysis of eclipse timing measures in space-based light curves, it should be applicable to any other problem with an uninterrupted sequence of discrete timings for which the determination of a zero point, of a constant period and of the associated errors is needed.
description: Astronomy and Astrophysics, accepted
Supplementary Table 2 from Low connectivity between shallow, mesophotic and rariphotic zone benthos.
Creators: name: Stefanoudis, Paris V.
name: Rivers, Molly
name: Smith, Struan R.
name: Schneider, Craig W.
name: Wagner, Daniel
name: Ford, Helen
name: Rogers, Alex D.
name: Woodall, Lucy C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Changes of benthic community structure in relation to depth and site using PERMANOVA on Bray-Curtis similarity matrices of presence-absence data (entire benthic community) and log(x+1)-transformed abundance data (all corals and some countable sponges). Only significant pairwise comparisons (p ≤ 0.05) are shown. NNE = North Northeast, PL = Plantagenet Bank, SP = Spittal, TIG = Tiger.
Thermodynamics of an exactly solvable confining quark model
Creators: name: Guimaraes, M. S.
name: Mintz, B. W.
name: Palhares, L. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The grand partition function of a model of confined quarks is exactly calculated at arbitrary temperatures and quark chemical potentials. The model is inspired by a softly BRST-broken version of QCD and possesses a quark mass function compatible with nonperturbative analyses of lattice simulations and Dyson-Schwinger equations. Even though the model is defined at tree level, we show that it produces a nontrivial and stable thermodynamic behaviour at any temperature or chemical potential. Results for the pressure, the entropy and the trace anomaly as a function of the temperature are qualitatively compatible with the effect of nonperturbative interactions as observed in lattice simulations. The finite density thermodynamics is also shown to contain nontrivial features, being far away from an ideal gas picture.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures. v2: 19 pages, 10 figures, extended results section, matches PRD version
Barjols, place de la Rouguière, une marchande foraine remballe son matériel
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Identifying multichannel coherent couplings and causal relationships in gravitational wave detectors
Creators: name: Jung, Piljong
name: Oh, Sang Hoon
name: Kim, Young-Min
name: Son, Edwin J.
name: Yokozawa, Takaaki
name: Washimi, Tatsuki
name: Oh, John J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gravitational-wave detector is a complex and sensitive collection of advanced instruments that are impacted not only by mechanical/electronics systems but also by the surrounding environment. Hence, it is of great importance to classify and mitigate noises to detect gravitational-wave signals by using information from many auxiliary channels related to such devices and surroundings. This improves the signal-to-noise ratio and reduces false alarms from coincident loud events. For this reason, it is essential for identifying coherent relationships between complex channels. This study presents a way of identifying (non-) linear couplings between associated channels by using the method of correlation coefficients. And we show that the method can be applied to practical problems in the gravitational-wave detector, such as noises by lightning strokes, air compressors vibrations, and noises caused by wind effects.
description: Accepted version in PRD and title changed, 11 pages, 8 figures, and 2 tables,
Supplementary Figures 1 - 3 from Low connectivity between shallow, mesophotic and rariphotic zone benthos
Creators: name: Stefanoudis, Paris V.
name: Rivers, Molly
name: Smith, Struan R.
name: Schneider, Craig W.
name: Wagner, Daniel
name: Ford, Helen
name: Rogers, Alex D.
name: Woodall, Lucy C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Fig. S1. Morphotype accumulation curves based on presence-absence data of the entire benthic community.; Fig. S2. Morphotype accumulation curves per depth based on abundance data of countable habitat forming taxa only (i.e. all corals and some sponges).; Fig. S3. Vertical profiles of photosynthetically active irradiance (PAR) in Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Station. CTD casts 10326001 to 10326004 (http://batsftp.bios.edu/BATS/ctd/ASCII/b10326_ctd.txt) and 10327001 to 10327005 (http://batsftp.bios.edu/BATS/ctd/ASCII/b10327_ctd.txt),) were used to create the July and August plots, respectively.
Supplementary Table 3 from Low connectivity between shallow, mesophotic and rariphotic zone benthos.
Creators: name: Stefanoudis, Paris V.
name: Rivers, Molly
name: Smith, Struan R.
name: Schneider, Craig W.
name: Wagner, Daniel
name: Ford, Helen
name: Rogers, Alex D.
name: Woodall, Lucy C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Percentage of variation explained by benthic cover and substratum composition in a distance-based multilinear model for megabenthic communities using presence/absence (P/A) and abundance (N) data.
(959) Jane [Hornsby]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Diffusion dynamics of competing information on networks
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Teruyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Information diffusion on social networks has been described as a collective outcome of threshold behaviors in the framework of threshold models. However, since the existing models do not take into account individuals' optimization problem, it remains an open question what dynamics emerge in the diffusion process when individuals face multiple (and possibly incompatible) information. Here, we develop a microfounded general threshold model that enables us to analyze the collective dynamics of individual behavior in the propagation of multiple information. The analysis reveals that the virality of competing information is fundamentally indeterminate. When individuals maximize coordination with neighbors, the diffusion process is described as a saddle path, thereby leading to an unpredictable symmetry breaking. When individuals' choices are irreversible, there is a continuum of stable equilibria where a certain degree of social polarization takes place by chance.
description: 8 pages + supplemental material
Combining radiative transfer and diffuse interstellar medium physics to model star formation
Creators: name: Bate, Matthew R.
name: Keto, Eric R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method for modelling star-forming clouds that combines two different models of the thermal evolution of the interstellar medium (ISM). In the combined model, where the densities are low enough that at least some part of the spectrum is optically thin, a model of the thermodynamics of the diffuse ISM is more significant in setting the temperatures. Where the densities are high enough to be optically thick across the spectrum, a model of flux limited diffusion is more appropriate. Previous methods either model the low-density interstellar medium and ignore the thermal behaviour at high densities (e.g. inside collapsing molecular cloud cores), or model the thermal behaviour near protostars but assume a fixed background temperature (e.g. approximately 10 K) on large-scales. Our new method treats both regimes. It also captures the different thermal evolution of the gas, dust, and radiation separately. We compare our results with those from the literature, and investigate the dependence of the thermal behaviour of the gas on the various model parameters. This new method should allow us to model the ISM across a wide range of densities and, thus, develop a more complete and consistent understanding of the role of thermodynamics in the star formation process.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 25 pages, 22 figures
(960) Cuthbert W Waters
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary Table 1 from Low connectivity between shallow, mesophotic and rariphotic zone benthos
Creators: name: Stefanoudis, Paris V.
name: Rivers, Molly
name: Smith, Struan R.
name: Schneider, Craig W.
name: Wagner, Daniel
name: Ford, Helen
name: Rogers, Alex D.
name: Woodall, Lucy C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Detailed characteristics of each studied site and transect. NNE = North Northeast, PL = Plantagenet Bank, SP = Spittal, TIG = Tiger, DIV = Divers, SUB = Submersibles.
A bronchoscopy-associated pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium mucogenicum traced to use of contaminated ice used for bronchoalveolar lavage
Creators: name: Rivera, M. Patricia
name: Miller, Melissa B.
name: Rutala, William A.
name: Weber, David J.
name: Jones, Melissa C.
name: Sickbert-Bennett, Emily E.
name: Bringhurst, Judie
name: Akulian, Jason
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2020

description: Clonal Mycobacterium mucogenicum isolates (determined by molecular typing) were recovered from 19 bronchoscopic specimens from
15 patients. None of these patients had evidence of mycobacterial infection. Laboratory culture materials and bronchoscopes were negative
for Mycobacteria. This pseudo-outbreak was caused by contaminated ice used to provide bronchoscopic lavage. Control was achieved by
transitioning to sterile ice.
Rates of approximation of nonsmooth integral-type functionals of Markov processes
Creators: name: Ganychenko, Iu.
name: Kulik, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We provide strong $L_p$-rates of approximation of nonsmooth integral-type functionals of Markov processes by integral sums. Our approach is, in a sense, process insensitive and is based on a modification of some well-developed estimates from the theory of continuous additive functionals of Markov processes.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.15559/vmsta-2014.12 in the Modern Stochastics: Theory and Applications (https://www.i-journals.org/vtxpp/VMSTA) by VTeX (http://www.vtex.lt/)
(961) Richard Mort
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The cosmological constant and entropy problems: mysteries of the present with profound roots in the past
Creators: name: Sola, Joan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An accelerated universe should naturally have a vacuum energy density determined by its dynamical curvature. The cosmological constant is most likely a temporary description of a dynamical variable that has been drastically evolving from the early inflationary era to the present. In this Essay we propose a unified picture of the cosmic history implementing such an idea, in which the cosmological constant problem is fixed at early times. All the main stages, from inflation and its ("graceful") exit into a standard radiation regime, as well as the matter and dark energy epochs, are accounted for. Finally, we show that for a generic Grand Unified Theory associated to the inflationary phase, the amount of entropy generated from primeval vacuum decay can explain the huge measured value today.
description: This essay received an Honorable Mention from the Gravity Research Foundation (2015) Awards Essays on Gravitation. Updated references, version published in Int. J. of Mod. Phys. D
(962) Isabella [Mort]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Barjols, place de la Rouguière, dispersion de la foule dans la pénombre
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Heat equation with general stochastic measure colored in time
Creators: name: Radchenko, Vadym
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A stochastic heat equation on $[0,T]\times{\mathbb{R}}$ driven by a general stochastic measure $dμ(t)$ is investigated in this paper. For the integrator $μ$, we assume the $σ$-additivity in probability only. The existence, uniqueness, and Hölder regularity of the solution are proved.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.15559/14-VMSTA14 in the Modern Stochastics: Theory and Applications (https://www.i-journals.org/vtxpp/VMSTA) by VTeX (http://www.vtex.lt/)
Amplitude and phase fluctuations of gravitational waves magnified by strong gravitational lensing
Creators: name: Oguri, Masamune
name: Takahashi, Ryuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss how small-scale density perturbations on the Fresnel scale affect amplitudes and phases of gravitational waves that are magnified by gravitational lensing in geometric optics. We derive equations that connect the small-scale density perturbations with the amplitude and phase fluctuations to show that such perturbative wave optics effects are significantly boosted in the presence of macro model magnifications such that amplitude and phase fluctuations can easily be observed for highly magnified gravitational waves. We discuss expected signals due to microlensing by stars, dark matter substructure, fuzzy dark matter, and primordial black holes.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Solovay model and duality principle between the measure and the Baire category in a Polish topological vector space $H(X,S,μ)$
Creators: name: Pantsulaia, Gogi R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: F.4.1
subject: 28B05, 03E65, 46E40

description: In Solovay model it is shown that the duality principle between the measure and the Baire category holds true with respect to the sentence - "The domain of an arbitrary generalized integral for a vector-function is of first category."
description: 4 pages; Grant number FR/503/1-30/14 is replaced with FR/116/5-100/14
Doubly heavy baryons with chiral partner structure
Creators: name: Ma, Yong-Liang
name: Harada, Masayasu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectrum and dominant strong decay properties of the doubly heavy baryons are revisited by using a chiral effective model with chiral partner structure. By regarding the doubly heavy baryons in the ground states and light angular momentum $j_l = 1/2$ sector of the first orbitally excited states as chiral partners to each other, we estimate the mass splitting of the chiral partners which arises from the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry to be about $430$ MeV for baryons including an unflavored light quark and about $350$ MeV for that including a strange quark. We point out that, similar to the heavy-light meson sector, the intermultiplet decay from a baryon with negative parity to its chiral partner and a pion is determined by the mass splitting throught the generalized Goldberger-Treiman relation. Furthermore, the isospin violating decay of $Ω_{cc}$ baryon, $((1/2)^-, (3/2)^-)_s \to ((1/2)^+, (3/2)^+)_s + π^0$ through the $η$-$π^0$ mixing is the dominant decay channel of the doubly heavy baryons including a strange quark.
description: 4 pages
Review of the environmental prenatal exposome and its relationship to maternal and fetal health
Creators: name: Lu, Kun
name: Carberry, Celeste
name: Chao, Alex
name: Rager, Julia E.
name: Szilagyi, John
name: Sobus, Jon R.
name: Manuck, Tracy A.
name: Fry, Rebecca C.
name: Grossman, Jarod
name: Bangma, Jacqueline
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Environmental chemicals comprise a major portion of the human exposome, with some shown to impact the
health of susceptible populations, including pregnant women and developing fetuses. The placenta and cord
blood serve as important biological windows into the maternal and fetal environments. In this article we review
how environmental chemicals (defined here to include man-made chemicals [e.g., flame retardants, pesticides/
herbicides, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances], toxins, metals, and other xenobiotic compounds) contribute to
the prenatal exposome and highlight future directions to advance this research field. Our findings from a survey
of recent literature indicate the need to better understand the breadth of environmental chemicals that reach the
placenta and cord blood, as well as the linkages between prenatal exposures, mechanisms of toxicity, and
subsequent health outcomes. Research efforts tailored towards addressing these needs will provide a more
comprehensive understanding of how environmental chemicals impact maternal and fetal health.
Supplementary material “Bayesian clustering of multiple zero-inflated outcomes”
Creators: name: Franzolini, Beatrice
name: Cremaschi, Andrea
name: den Boom, Willem van
name: De Iorio, Maria
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Several applications involving counts present a large proportion of zeros (excess-of-zeros data). A popular model for such data is the hurdle model, which explicitly models the probability of a zero count, while assuming a sampling distribution on the positive integers. We consider data from multiple count processes. In this context, it is of interest to study the patterns of counts and cluster the subjects accordingly. We introduce a novel Bayesian approach to cluster multiple, possibly related, zero-inflated processes. We propose a joint model for zero-inflated counts, specifying a hurdle model for each process with a shifted Negative Binomial sampling distribution. Conditionally on the model parameters, the different processes are assumed independent, leading to a substantial reduction in the number of parameters as compared to traditional multivariate approaches. The subject-specific probabilities of zero-inflation and the parameters of the sampling distribution are flexibly modelled via an enriched finite mixture with random number of components. This induces a two-level clustering of the subjects based on the zero/non-zero patterns (outer clustering) and on the sampling distribution (inner clustering). Posterior inference is performed through tailored Markov chain Monte Carlo schemes. We demonstrate the proposed approach on an application involving the use of the messaging service WhatsApp.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bayesian inference: challenges, perspective and prospects’.
(957) Walter Clare Hornsby
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Strain-tunable topological quantum phase transition in buckled honeycomb lattices
Creators: name: Yan, Jia-An
name: Cruz, Mack A. Dela
name: Barraza-Lopez, Salvador
name: Yang, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-buckled silicene is a prototypical quantum spin Hall insulator with the topological quantum phase transition controlled by an out-of-plane electric field. We show that this field-induced electronic transition can be further tuned by an in-plane hydrostatic biaxial strain $\varepsilon$, owing to the curvature-dependent spin-orbit coupling (SOC): There is a $Z_2$ = 1 topological insulator phase for biaxial strain $|\varepsilon|$ smaller than 0.07, and the band gap can be tuned from 0.7 meV for $\varepsilon = +0.07$ up to a fourfold 3.0 meV for $\varepsilon = -0.07$. First-principles calculations also show that the critical field strength $E_c$ can be tuned by more than 113\%, with the absolute values nearly 10 times stronger than the theoretical predictions based on a tight-binding model. The buckling structure of the honeycomb lattice thus enhances the tunability of both the quantum phase transition and the SOC-induced band gap, which are crucial for the design of topological field-effect transistors based on two-dimensional materials.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Effect of color reconnection and hadronic re-scattering on underlying events in pp collisions at LHC energies
Creators: name: Kumar, Krishna
name: Dash, Sadhana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Underlying events dominate most of the hadronic activity in p$-$p collisions and are spanned from perturbative to non-perturbative QCD, having a sensitivity ranging from the multi-scale to very low-x scale physics. A detailed understanding of such events plays a crucial role in the accurate understanding of Standard Model ()SM and Beyond Standard Model physics. The underlying event activities has been studied within the framework of Pythia 8 Monte Carlo model, considering the underlying events observables mean charged particle multiplicity density , $\langle d^{2}N /dηdϕ\rangle$ and mean scalar $p_T$ sum, $\langle d^{2} \sum p_{T} /dηdϕ\rangle$ as a function of leading charged particle in towards, away, and transverse region of p$-$p collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 2.76, 7 and 13 TeV. The towards, away, and transverse regions have been defined on an azimuthal plane relative to leading particle in p$-$p collisions. The energy dependence of underlying events and their activities in the central and forward region has also been studied. The effect of hadronic re-scattering, color reconnection, and rope hadronization mechanism implemented in Pythia 8 has been studied in details to gain insight into the different processes contributing to underlying events in soft sector.
Dietary patterns and associations with body mass index in low-income, ethnic minority youth in the United States according to baseline data from four randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Robinson, Thomas N.
name: Jones, Sarah
name: Stephens, June
name: Sherwood, Nancy E.
name: Burgess, Laura E.
name: Yang, Song
name: Ievers-Landis, Carolyn E.
name: Pratt, Charlotte A.
name: Nicastro, Holly L.
name: Truesdale, Kimberly P.
name: Matheson, Donna M.
name: LeCroy, Madison N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Few studies have derived data-driven dietary patterns in youth in the United States (US). This study examined data-driven dietary patterns and their associations with BMI measures in predominantly low-income, racial/ethnic minority US youth. Data were from baseline assessments of the four Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research (COPTR) Consortium trials: NET-Works (N=534; 2–4-year-olds), GROW (N=610; 3–5-year-olds), GOALS (N=241; 7–11-year-olds), and IMPACT (N=360; 10–13-year-olds). Weight and height were measured. Children/adult proxies completed 3 24-hour dietary recalls. Dietary patterns were derived for each site from 24 food/beverage groups using k-means cluster analysis. Multivariable linear regression models examined associations of dietary patterns with BMI and percentage of the 95th BMI percentile. Healthy (produce and whole grains) and Unhealthy (fried food, savory snacks, and desserts) patterns were found in NET-Works and GROW. GROW additionally had a dairy and sugar-sweetened beverage based pattern. GOALS had a similar Healthy pattern and a pattern resembling a traditional Mexican diet. Associations between dietary patterns and BMI were only observed in IMPACT. In IMPACT, youth in the Sandwich (cold cuts, refined grains, cheese, and miscellaneous [e.g., condiments]) compared to Mixed (whole grains and desserts) cluster had significantly higher BMI [β=0.99 (95% CI: 0.01, 1.97)] and percentage of the 95th BMI percentile [β=4.17 (95% CI: 0.11, 8.24)]. Healthy and Unhealthy patterns were the most common dietary patterns in COPTR youth, but diets may differ according to age, race/ethnicity, or geographic location. Public health messages focused on healthy dietary substitutions may help youth mimic a dietary pattern associated with lower BMI.
Supplementary Table 2 from Low connectivity between shallow, mesophotic and rariphotic zone benthos
Creators: name: Stefanoudis, Paris V.
name: Rivers, Molly
name: Smith, Struan R.
name: Schneider, Craig W.
name: Wagner, Daniel
name: Ford, Helen
name: Rogers, Alex D.
name: Woodall, Lucy C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Changes of benthic community structure in relation to depth and site using PERMANOVA on Bray-Curtis similarity matrices of presence-absence data (entire benthic community) and log(x+1)-transformed abundance data (all corals and some countable sponges). Only significant pairwise comparisons (p ≤ 0.05) are shown. NNE = North Northeast, PL = Plantagenet Bank, SP = Spittal, TIG = Tiger.
title: World History Connected, Vol. 20 No. 3: Fall 2023
title: Fall 2023
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: World History Connected
Publisher: name: World History Connected
Year: 2023

description: R. Keith Schoppa, The Twentieth Century: A World History. Stephen Jackson, The Patchwork of World History in Texas High Schools: Unpacking Eurocentrism, Imperialism, and Nationalism in the Curriculum, 1920-2021. Steven Press, Blood and Diamonds: German Imperial Ambitions in Africa. Alyssa Goldstein Sepinwall, Slave Revolt on Screen: The Haitian Revolution in Film and Video Games. Felipe Fernández-Armesto, Straits: Beyond the Myth of Magellan. From Tudor Ireland to My Lai: Understanding Conspiracy, Information, and Minority Panic in Colonial Massacres The Walrus and the Emperor: Materials, Miracles, and Memory in the Early Modern Persian Cosmopolis WHC Book Prize Why Teach World History? Why Teach World History? Bringing the World to a Small Texas Town: Teaching World History at a Rural-Serving University Why Teach World History? Introduction to the Forum on Why Teach World History Brief Summary of the Issue
One-wave optical phase conjugation mirror by actively coupling arbitrary light fields into a single-mode reflector
Creators: name: Lee, KyeoReh
name: Lee, Junsung
name: Park, Jung-Hoon
name: Park, Ji-Ho
name: Park, YongKeun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rewinding the arrow of time via phase conjugation is an intriguing phenomena made possible by the wave property of light. To exploit this phenomenon, diverse research fields have pursed the realization of an ideal phase conjugation mirror, but an optical system that requires a single-input and a single-output beam, like natural conventional mirrors has never been demonstrated. Here, we demonstrate the realization of a one-wave optical phase conjugation mirror using a spatial light modulator. An adaptable single-mode filter is created, and a phase-conjugate beam is then prepared by reverse propagation through this filter. Our method is simple, alignment free, and fast while allowing high power throughput in the time reversed wave, which have not been simultaneously demonstrated before. Using our method, we demonstrate high throughput full-field light delivery through highly scattering biological tissue and multimode fibers, even for quantum dot fluorescence.