Centruroides MARX 1890
Creators: name: Goodman, Aaron M.
name: Prendini, Lorenzo
name: Francke, Oscar F.
name: Esposito, Lauren A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Scorpiones
Buthidae
Centruroides

description: Centruroides Marx, 1890
Figures 1–43; tables 1–10
Centrurus (nec Ehrenberg, 1829): Thorell, 1876a: 9; 1876b: 83; Karsch, 1879a: 18; Pocock, 1890: 120, 121, 127; Kraepelin, 1891: 119– 124 (part); Pocock, 1893: 375, 385, 386; Laurie, 1896: 131; Lönnberg, 1897: 196, 197, 208; Kraepelin, 1899: 87 (part); Banks, 1900: 425; Borelli, 1909: 222; Comstock, 1912: 25, 27, fig. 31; Birula, 1917a: 164; 1917b: 54, 107; Ochoterena, 1920: 223; Mello-Campos, 1924a: 246; 1924b: 312; Comstock, 1940: 27, fig. 31 (lapsus calami); Millot and Vachon, 1949: 427; Díaz Nájera, 1966: 110, 111, pl. 1; 1970: 113.
Centruro: Karsch, 1879b: 120 (lapsus calami).
Centruroides Marx, 1890: 211,
type species Buthus exilicauda Wood, 1863 (= Centruroides exilicauda (Wood, 1863), by monotypy;
Pocock, 1902a: 19, 20; 1902b: 365; Kraepelin, 1912: 69–71; 1914: 22; Hoffmann, 1932: 244, 245; Mello-Leitão, 1932: 27; 1934: 4, 5; Franganillo, 1936: 158; Hoffmann, 1937: 201–203; Moreno, 1939: 63; Comstock, 1940: 25, 27; Moreno, 1940: 164; Mello-Leitão, 1942: 126; 1945: 240, 250–252; Scorza, 1954:190; Bücherl, 1964: 59; 1967: 113; Muma, 1967: 2, 4; Bücherl, 1969: 767; Aguilar and Meneses, 1970: 3; Bücherl, 1971: 327; Stahnke, 1971: 282; 1972: 125, fig. 9; Armas, 1974a: 25; Vachon, 1974: 906, 908; 1975: 1598; Francke, 1977: 75; Stahnke and Calos, 1977: 111; Vachon, 1977: 294; Lourenço, 1979: 214; Williams, 1980: 2, 4; Armas, 1984: 2; González-Sponga, 1984: 64, 65; Francke, 1985: 7, 15; Francke and Stockwell, 1987: 7; Armas, 1988: 44, 91, 95; Stockwell, 1988: 3; Sissom, 1990: 94, 101; Nenilin and Fet, 1992: 9, 12–14; Stockwell, 1992: 412, 419; González-Sponga, 1996: 118, 119, 124, 125, figs. 285–287, 289, 292; Armas, 1998: 50; Kovařík, 1998: 106; Fet and Lowe, 2000: 98–122; Towler et al., 2001: 161–163; Armas et al., 2004: 167–171, tables 1–3; Prendini and Wheeler, 2005: 481, table 10; Kamenz and Prendini, 2008: 6, 8, 22, 40, tables 1, 2, pl. 13–17; Volschenk et al., 2008: 654, 656, 658, 659, 663, 664, 674, fig. 1C, tables 1, 2; Armas et al., 2012: 106, 112; Cupitra Vergara et al., 2014: 207–215, figs. 1–4, tables 1, 2; Kovařík and Teruel, 2014: 1, 7, 15, 25, 26; Loria and Prendini, 2014: 3, 9, 10, 24, 25, fig. 2D, table 5; Lourenço, 2014: 60, 63; Miller et al., 2014: 301, 306, 307, table 1; Ponce-Saavedra and Francke, 2014: 54, figs. 11, 14; Quintero Arias and Esposito, 2014: 373–382, figs. 1–6, table 1; Teruel and Rodríguez-Cabrera, 2014: 131; Armas and Ávila, 2015: 66, 67, 69, 70, 71; Ponce-Saavedra et al., 2015: 81–89, figs. 1–5, tables 1, 2; Quijano-Ravell and Ponce-Saavedra, 2015: 35–44, figs. 1–5, tables 1–3; Riquelme et al., 2015: 2, 16, 18, 19; Teruel et al., 2015a: 3–14, figs. 1–37, table 1; 2015b: 1–18, figs. 1–35, tables 1–5; 2015c: 13–33, figs. 1–75, tables 1–4; Baldazo-Monsivaiz et al., 2016: 76–79, fig. 2A, table 1; de los Santos et al., 2016: 1–7, 14, 16–19, 22, figs. 2A–G, 3A, table 1; Kovařík et al., 2016a: 1, 11, 18, 19; Lourenço and Velten, 2016: 61, 65; Quijano-Ravell and Ponce-Saavedra, 2016a: 49–61, figs. 1–9, tables 1–4; 2016b: 85–90, figs. 1–4; Teruel, 2016: 91–93, figs. 1–3; Baldazo-Monsivaiz, 2017: 21–27, fig. 2A; Esposito et al., 2017: 2–15, 29, 30, 35–37, 41, 61, 71, 81, 85, 101, 116, 122, 124, 126, 128–130, fig. 13; McWest et al., 2015: 3, 9, 10, 25, 28, 30–34, 38, figs. 2A, 3A, 4A; Teruel and Myers, 2017: 1–14, figs. 1–11, table 1; Teruel et al., 2017: 6; Ubinski et al., 2018: 475–486, figs. 1–8, tables 1, 2; Esposito and Prendini, 2019: 1–10, figs. 1, 2, 3, tables 1–4; Crews and Esposito, 2020: 8, 9, 12, 17, 18; Fet and Kovařík, 2020: 8, 10, 12, 14, 18, 19, 22–26, 28, 29, 31; Howard et al., 2019: 74, 84, fig. 3, table 1; Miranda and Armas, 2020: 5, 7; Ponce-Saavedra and Francke, 2019: 1–17, figs. 1–11, tables 1–4; Quijano-Ravell et al., 2019: 31–48, figs. 1–32, tables 1–5; Teruel and Questel, 2020: 12, 14; Trujillo and Armas, 2020: 1–8, figs. 1–4, table 1; Wendruff et al., 2020: 2, 5, 6, fig. 2B.
Centruroides (Centruroides): Werner, 1934: 273.
Centruoroides: Díaz Nájera, 1970: 117 (lapsus calami).
Centruriodes: Lourenço and Eickstedt, 1988: 7 (lapsus calami).
Key to Identification of the Species of the “ thorellii ” Clade of Centruroides Marx, 1890
1. Carapace posterosubmedian carinae............2
– Carapace posterosubmedian carinae absent...6
2. Pedipalp chela manus, retrodorsal carina smooth, dorsomedian carina weakly granular; mesosomal sternite VII, ventrolateral and ventrosubmedian carinae obsolete to absent; metasomal segments I–III, ventrosubmedian and ventrolateral carinae vestigial, smooth (figs. 18, 19D); telson vesicle surfaces smooth (♀) (figs. 23–25D)............. .................... Centruroides rileyi Sissom, 1995
– Pedipalp chela manus, retrodorsal carinae present and dorsomedian carinae present or restricted to proximal third or half; mesosomal sternite VII, ventrolateral and ventrosubmedian carinae distinct; metasomal segments I–III, ventrolateral and ventrosubmedian carinae complete, granular (figs. 18L, R, 19L, R); telson vesicle surfaces granular (♀) (figs. 23L, R, 24L, R, 25L, R).....................3
3. Pedipalp chela manus, prodorsal carina absent ....................................... 4
– Pedipalp chela manus, prodorsal carina present .................................... 5
4. Pectinal tooth counts, 15–17 (♂), 14 (♀) (table 9); mesosomal tergites I–VII, dorsomedian carinae present on I–III, absent on IV–VII; mesosomal sternite VII, ventrolateral and ventrosubmedian carinae distinct; metasoma length greater than 3× mesosoma length; metasomal segments I–IV, ventrolateral and ventrosubmedian carinae finely granular on segments I–III (figs. 18I, L, 19I, L), smooth on IV....... .................... Centruroides chanae, sp. nov.
– Pectinal tooth counts, 14 (♂), 12–14 (♀) (table 10); mesosomal tergites I–VII, dorsomedian carinae absent on I and II, vestigial on III–VI, absent on VII; mesosomal sternite VII, ventrolateral and ventrosubmedian carinae weakly developed; metasoma length less than 3× mesosoma length; metasomal segments I–IV, ventrolateral and ventrosubmedian carinae present on segments I–IV (figs. 18O, R, 19O, R)....... Centruroides yucatanensis, sp. nov.
5. Mesosomal tergites I–VII, dorsomedian carinae distinct, complete; total length (♂, ♀), 44–60 mm (table 8); pectinal tooth counts, 13–15 (♂), 13 (♀)............................... ... Centruroides hoffmanni Armas, 1996
– Mesosomal tergites I–VII, dorsomedian carinae restricted to posterior two-thirds of segments I–VI, absent on VII; total length (♂, ♀), 38–52 mm (table 7); pectinal tooth counts, 14–16 (♂), 12–14 (♀)....................... .............. Centruroides schmidti Sissom, 1995
6. Pedipalp chela manus, prodorsal carina complete, granular...................................... ....... Centruroides cuauhmapan, sp. nov.
– Pedipalp chela manus, prodorsal carina absent ........................................ 7
7. Pedipalp chela manus, retrodorsal carina complete, granular; mesosomal sternite VII, ventrolateral and ventrosubmedian carinae obsolete to absent (figs. 13, 14A); telson vesicle surfaces (♀) smooth (figs. 23–25E)...... .................. Centruroides hamadryas, sp. nov.
– Pedipalp chela manus, retrodorsal carina weakly granular; mesosomal sternite VII, ventrolateral and ventrosubmedian carinae weakly developed; telson vesicle surfaces (♀) granular.......8
8. Total length, 39–51 mm (table 6); pedipalp chela manus, dorsomedian carina weakly granular, restricted to distal half; pectinal tooth counts, 13–14 (♂, ♀); mesosomal tergites I–VII, dorsomedian carinae vestigial; metasoma length less than 3.2× greater than mesosoma length; metasomal segments I– IV, ventrolateral and ventrosubmedian carinae absent (figs. 18M, P, 19M, P)................ ............. Centruroides catemacoensis, sp. nov.
– Total length, 48–55 mm (table 5); pedipalp chela manus, dorsomedian carina absent; pectinal tooth counts, 14–16 (♂), 13–15 (♀); mesosomal tergites I–VII, dorsomedian carinae weakly granular, restricted to posterior half; metasoma length greater than 3.2× mesosoma length; metasomal segments I– IV, ventrolateral and ventrosubmedian carinae present (figs. 18H, K, 19H, K).......... ........................ Centruroides berstoni, sp. nov.
description: Published as part of Goodman, Aaron M., Prendini, Lorenzo, Francke, Oscar F. & Esposito, Lauren A., 2021, Systematic Revision Of The Arboreal Neotropical " Thorellii " Clade Of Centruroides Marx, 1890, Bark Scorpions (Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837) With Descriptions Of Six New Species, pp. 1-93 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (452) on pages 6-8, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.452.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5825896