Sparganothoides arcuatana Kruse and Powell 2009, new species
Creators: name: Kruse, James J.
name: Powell, Jerry A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Sparganothoides
Sparganothoides arcuatana

description: 21. Sparganothoides arcuatana Kruse and Powell, new species   
Figs. 28, 52, 83, 84, 104, 105  
 Diagnosis. Sparganothoides arcuatana has two color morphs: one golden, similar to S. xenopsana, and the other brownish copper. The large arc-shaped valval crease in the male genitalia is unique to this species.   
 Description. Male. Head: Frons yellowish brown, smooth scaled; vertex roughened laterally, brownish copper or golden yellow, with dark brown scaling; two large exoskeletal protuberances between mesalposterior margins of compound eyes and angled toward middle; one laterally broad protuberance between antennae; broad area of densely packed, short, yellowish brown to black scales between anterior and posterior protuberances; short, erect, yellowish white to brown scales between the posterior protuberances. Labial palpus orange or brownish yellow mesally, brownish copper with dark brown scales or golden yellow with dark brown scales laterally. Antennal scaling brownish copper or golden yellow. Thorax: Smooth scaled laterally, brownish copper or golden yellow, with scattered dark brown scales; dense column of short yellowish white to brown scales mesally; tegula with clump of small orange, brown, or black pointed scales at apex giving tegula truncate appearance. Forewing length 10.3–12.1 mm (= 11.3; n = 6). Forewing costal fold extending slightly less than one-half wing length; forewing ground color brownish copper or brownish yellow to golden yellow, with dense, uniform scattering of brown scales and spots, some orange scaling scattered throughout; subterminal fascia dark brown with orange scales in gold morph, extremely vague in brownish copper morph; brown or dark brown tornal mark in gold morph, often absent in copper morph, indistinct dark brown and orange transverse strigulae in broken lines in subterminal and terminal areas; dark brown spot often present at apex of discal cell. Fringe orange or brownish yellow. Hindwing grayish white with dense gray transverse striae throughout. Abdomen: Genitalia (Fig. 28; slide #5568; EME; Mexico, Veracruz, 22 mi W Cd. Mendoza; n = 6) with uncus long, slender, curved, with long setae dorsally and patch of short setae ventrally, unmodified apically; tegumen slightly raised and triangular at base of uncus; socius subtriangular posteriorly, secondary arms long, slender, abruptly angled near middle, enlarged apices elongate and nearly symmetrically widened; transtilla strongly sclerotized, weakly bilobed, spines small, numerous over posterior margin, anterior process with a small dimple at middle; valva subrectangular with valval crease sclerotized, strongly curved, horseshoe-shaped near middle of valva, not connecting to sacculus; costa straight; sacculus convex; pulvinus present; phallus pistol-shaped, aedeagus parallel-sided, gently curved, shorter than phallobase, with ventral lip apically, attached to juxta by a thin process; cornuti with a minute spine near base.   
 Female. Head, Thorax: Essentially as described for male, except forewing with more suffused markings. Forewing length 11.1–12.5 mm (= 12.0; n = 10). Abdomen: Genitalia (Fig. 52; slide #5577; EME; Mexico, Veracruz, 22 mi W Cd. Mendoza; n = 8) with papillae anales parallel-sided, subtriangular posteriorly; sterigma strongly sclerotized ventrally, concave anteriorly; ductus bursae relatively short, widened anteriorly; corpus bursae large, irregularly rounded; signum more than three times as long as wide, bilobed, curved, attenuate at apices.   
 Type material. Holotype: Male: MEXICO: VERACRUZ: 22 rd km W Cd. Mendoza, 2150 m, 13.viii.1987, J. Brown & J. Powell, reared from eggs on synthetic diet, emgd. 13.ii.1988, JAP 87H7 (EME).   
Paratypes (5♂, 18♀). MEXICO: JALISCO: Nevado de Colima, 8200’, Parque Nacional, 10.7 mi N Hwy 54, 17.ix.1986 (1♂), N. Bloomfield (SDNHM). OAXACA: Río Guajolote, 2000 m, 30.viii.1984 (1♂, 1♀), E. Welling (EME). PUEBLA: 7.5 km NE Azumbilla, 2200 m, 22.viii.1987 (1♂, 1♀), J. Brown & J. Powell (EME). VERACRUZ: 15 rd km W Cd. Mendoza, 1840 m, 14.viii.1987 (1♀), J. Brown & J. Powell (EME). 4 km SE Las Vigas, 2200 m, 16.viii.1987 (1♀), J. Brown & J. Powell (EME). 22 rd km W Cd. Mendoza, 2150 m, 13.viii.1987 (1♂, 14♀), blacklight, J. Brown & J. Powell (EME, NMNH), reared from eggs on synthetic diet, emgd. 20.xii.1987 (1♂), 12.i.1988 (1♂), JAP 87H7 (EME).  
 Additional specimens examined (4 unassociated females). MEXICO: MEXICO: 7 km WSW Juchitepec, 2750 m, 25.viii.1987 (1 F), J. Brown & J. Powell (EME). VERACRUZ: Cañon Las Minas, 13 km NE Perote, 2150 m, 18.viii.1987 (3 F), J. Brown & J. Powell (EME).   
 Immature stages. Eggs are peach colored and covered by an opaque colleterial secretion exceeding the patch by ca. 0.70–0.90 mm. Eggs are arranged in regular round patches of 9–34 (= 17.4 eggs per patch, n = 9). Eggs hatch in 10–15 days. Larvae profusely web the edges of diet and leaves. Larvae fed on synthetic diet and Quercus lobata with variable success, but they did not feed on Prunus lyonii or Quercus agrifolia. The anal comb has six tines. Development time from ovipoistion to pupation ranged from 56 days to five months.   
 Biology. Adults of this species are active in August and September in montane habitats.   
 Distribution. Sparganothoides arcuatana is known only from southern Mexico. It occurs in the Sierra Madre Occidental in Jalisco and the Sierra Madre Oriental in Veracruz and Puebla, ranging south to Oaxaca.   
 Remarks. The golden morph is known from two males —one from Jalisco and one from Oaxaca. Somewhat intermediate forms are found in Puebla (n = 2). We cannot determine with certainty whether the unassociated females cited above are conspecific with the males.   
 Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin “arcuatus” (= bent like a bow) and refers to the unusual, arc-shaped crease in the valva in the male genitalia.
description: Published as part of Kruse, James J. & Powell, Jerry A., 2009, Systematics of Sparganothoides Lambert and Powell, 1986 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Sparganothini), pp. 1-78 in Zootaxa 2150 (1) on pages 43-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2150.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5311432