cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Novel ultrasound features for the identification of the vulnerable carotid plaque
Creators: name: Makris, Grigoris
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Background: The identification of the vulnerable carotid plaque is of paramount importance in order to prevent the significant stroke-related mortality and morbidity. Currently the clinical decision-making around this condition is based on the traditional ultrasound evaluation of the degree of stenosis. However, there is emerging evidence supporting that this is not sufficient for all patients. Aim of this thesis: The evaluation of novel carotid plaque features for the characterisation of plaque composition, volume and motion using 2 and 3 dimensional ultrasound technology. The ultimate goal is to identify novel sensitive imaging markers for carotid plaque characterisation and stroke-risk stratification. Methods: The Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis and Risk of Stroke (ACSRS) Study was a large prospective multicentre trial that was recently completed. A post-hoc analysis of the sonographic and clinical data from this study was performed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of novel ultrasound texture features, such as second order statics, on stroke-risk prediction. In addition, the change of specific texture features and degree of stenosis during the ACSRS follow-up time (8 years) and their importance for stroke prediction was evaluated. In order to assess the potential of 3D ultrasound carotid imaging we also developed a special methodology using a 3D broadband, linear array probe and the Q-lab software. This methodology was then applied in a clinical, cross-sectional study of patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid disease. Finally we developed a carotid plaque motion analysis methodology that we tested on a feasibility study. Results: The post-hoc analysis of more than 1, 000 patients from the ACSRS database showed that there are novel ultrasound features of plaque homogeneity that can contribute to plaque characterisation and improve stroke-risk prediction. Similarly our results suggest that the change of degree of stenosis or plaque’s composition through time might have significant predictive value when combined with the above novel features. The study in 3D ultrasound prospectively assessed more than 80 people with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid disease with both 2 and 3D carotid ultrasound without, though, revealing any significant benefit from the use of 3D imaging in terms of stroke-risk prediction. Finally, our feasibility study on plaque motion analysis showed that it is possible to objectively characterise plaque motion, using ultrasound and dedicated software without complicated reconstructions. Conclusion: The use of novel 2D ultrasound texture features in combination with traditional ones can improve the stroke-risk stratification. 3D ultrasound is a promising new approach, however, the current technology does not appear to offer a significant benefit in comparison to cheaper traditional 2D ultrasound for carotid plaque evaluation. Further research is warranted on this issue.
Local versus extended deformed graphene geometries for valley filtering
Creators: name: Zhai, Dawei
name: Sandler, Nancy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of two-inequivalent valleys in the band structure of graphene has motivated the search of mechanisms that allow their separation and control for potential device applications. Among the several schemes proposed in the literature, strain-induced out-of-plane deformations (occurring naturally or intentionally designed in graphene samples), ranks among the best candidates to produce separation of valley currents. Because valley filtering properties in these structures is, however, highly dependent on the type of deformation and setups considered, it is important to identify the relevant factors determining optimal operation and detection of valley currents. In this paper we present a comprehensive comparison of two typical deformations commonly found in graphene samples: local centro-symmetric bubbles and extended folds/wrinkles. Using the Dirac model for graphene and the second-order Born approximation we characterize the scattering properties of the bubble deformation, while numerical transmission matrix methods are used for the fold-like deformations. In both cases, we obtain the dependence of valley polarization on the geometrical parameters of deformations, and discuss their possible experimental realizations. Our study reveals that extended deformations act as better valley filters in broader energy ranges and present more robust features against variations of geometrical parameters and incident current directions.
description: 17 pages, 16 figures, figures were adjusted, added a few references, accepted by PRB
DWA: Differential Wavelet Amplifier for Image Super-Resolution
Creators: name: Moser, Brian B.
name: Frolov, Stanislav
name: Raue, Federico
name: Palacio, Sebastian
name: Dengel, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work introduces Differential Wavelet Amplifier (DWA), a drop-in module for wavelet-based image Super-Resolution (SR). DWA invigorates an approach recently receiving less attention, namely Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT). DWT enables an efficient image representation for SR and reduces the spatial area of its input by a factor of 4, the overall model size, and computation cost, framing it as an attractive approach for sustainable ML. Our proposed DWA model improves wavelet-based SR models by leveraging the difference between two convolutional filters to refine relevant feature extraction in the wavelet domain, emphasizing local contrasts and suppressing common noise in the input signals. We show its effectiveness by integrating it into existing SR models, e.g., DWSR and MWCNN, and demonstrate a clear improvement in classical SR tasks. Moreover, DWA enables a direct application of DWSR and MWCNN to input image space, reducing the DWT representation channel-wise since it omits traditional DWT.
Oral history interview with Philip Caruso 1994
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Municipal officials and employees

description: Functions of the Patrolman's Beneveolent Association; relationship of police force with Edward I. Koch [Koch]; issues concerning police force during Koch's tenure: impact of New York City's fiscal crisis, charges of police brutality, diversification of police force, police equipment; evaluation of Koch.
Highly selective identification of novel vaccine candidate antigens by immunoprecipitation: the group A streptococcal case
Creators: name: Reglinski, Mark
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus, GAS) is an obligate human pathogen that causes a spectrum of pathologies ranging from superficial infections of the skin and oropharynx to severe invasive infections of the soft tissues. Despite a steady rise in the global rate of severe GAS disease over the past 30 years, there is currently no licenced vaccine available for the prevention of GAS infection. The initial stages of GAS pathogenesis are mediated by a repertoire of proteinaceous virulence factors expressed on the bacterial cell surface that facilitate colonisation and infection through specific interactions with the host extracellular matrix. These proteins are therefore predisposed to recognition by the host immune system, which in turn makes them important targets for the development of a novel subunit vaccine. The thesis describes the development of a novel approach to the isolation and identification of the major surface antigens of GAS using twenty GAS isolates representing four serotypes actively circulating within the United Kingdom (M1, M3, M12 and M89). Antigens were purified by immunoprecipitation using an antibody formulation derived from the human clinical blood product IVIG which has been shown to protect against severe GAS infection both clinically and in vivo. This “enriched” (E-)IVIG was produced by affinity purification using a concentrated GAS cell wall protein fraction and was shown to promote neutrophil uptake in an ex vivo opsonophagocytosis assay, and impair dissemination of GAS from the nidus of infection in a murine model. A total of eight pan-serotype vaccine candidate antigens were identified by E-IVIG immunoprecipitation, seven of which were produced recombinantly for use in murine vaccination experiments. This novel approach to vaccine candidate identification could be applied to other gram positive pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, and may have wider implications for the field of bacterial vaccinology as a whole.
Oral history interview with Philip Johnson 1978
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Architects
subject: Architecture--United States
subject: Architecture--Conservation and restoration
subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Organization of International Exhibit of Modern Architecture and establishment of international style; Director, Department of Architecture, Museum of Modern Art, 1930-36, 1946-54; design of museum annex and courtyard, Glass House (1947), Seagram Building; questions of preservation, modernization; processional and monumental elements in architectural design.
Formica nigra Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Formica
Formica nigra

description: Formica nigra [spec. nov.]
F. tota nigra nitida, tibiis cinerascentibus.
Fn. svec. 1023. Formica atra.
Raj. ins. 69. Formica minor e fusco nigricans.
Habitat in Europae terra.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 580, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Hot prominence detected in the core of a Coronal Mass Ejection: III. Plasma filling factor from UVCS Lyman-$α$ and Lyman-$β$ observations
Creators: name: Susino, R.
name: Bemporad, A.
name: Jejčič, S.
name: Heinzel, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work deals with the study of an erupting prominence embedded in the core of a CME and focuses on the derivation of the prominence plasma filling factor. We explore two methods to measure the prominence plasma filling factor that are based on the combination of visible-light and ultraviolet spectroscopic observations. Theoretical relationships for resonant scattering and collisional excitation are used to evaluate the intensity of the H I Lyman-α and Lyman-β lines, in two prominence points where simultaneous and cospatial LASCO-C2 and UVCS data were available. Thermodynamic and geometrical parameters assumed for the calculation are provided by both observations and the results of a detailed 1D non-LTE radiative-transfer model of the prominence, developed in our previous work (Heinzel 2016). The filling factor is derived from the comparison between the calculated and the measured intensities of the two lines. The results are then checked against the non-LTE model in order to verify the reliability of the methods. The resulting filling factors are consistent with the model in both the prominence points when the separation of the radiative and collisional components of the total intensity, required to estimate the filling factor, is performed using both the line intensities. An exploration of the parameter space shows that the results are weakly sensitive to the plasma velocity, but they depends more strongly on the assumed kinetic temperatures. The combination of visible-light and ultraviolet Lyman-α and Lyman-β data can be used to approximately estimate the geometrical filling factor in erupting prominences, but the proposed techniques are reliable only for emission that is optically thin in the lines considered, condition that is not in general representative of prominence plasma.
Instability of Pa$\overline 3$ Cs$_{3}$C$_{60}$ at ambient pressure and superconducting state of the FCC phase
Creators: name: Yue, Changming
name: Nomura, Yusuke
name: Prassides, Kosmas
name: Werner, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The alkali-doped fulleride Cs$_{3}$C$_{60}$, crystallized in the space group Fm$\overline 3$m or Pm$\overline 3$n, exhibits unconventional $s$-wave superconductivity under pressure with a maximum $T_c\sim 38$ K. Recently, a new primitive-cubic-structured Cs$_{3}$C$_{60}$ phase corresponding to the space group Pa$\overline 3$ has been reported (arXiv:2208.09429) and the authors observed superconductivity at ambient pressure. Using density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, we show that the proposed Pa$\overline 3$ structure is not stable under ionic relaxation, but transforms into the FCC structure. We study the normal and superconducting state of the stable FCC phase at different temperatures and volumes using DFT plus dynamical mean-field theory (DFT+DMFT) in the Nambu formalism. As temperature increases, the transition between superconductor and normal metal (Mott insulator) at small (big) volume is found to be second (first) order. The recently developed maximum entropy analytic continuation method for the anomalous-self-energy is used to study the momentum-resolved spectra and optical conductivity.
description: 6 pages + 4 pages, 1 Table
Experimental Design of a Prescribed Burn Instrumentation
Creators: name: Kochanski, Adam K.
name: Fournier, Aimé
name: Mandel, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 86A10, 62K25

description: Observational data collected during experiments, such as the planned Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment (FASMEE), are critical for progressing and transitioning coupled fire-atmosphere models like WRF-SFIRE and WRF-SFIRE-CHEM into operational use. Historical meteorological data, representing typical weather conditions for the anticipated burn locations and times, have been processed to initialize and run a set of simulations representing the planned experimental burns. Based on an analysis of these numerical simulations, this paper provides recommendations on the experimental setup that include the ignition procedures, size and duration of the burns, and optimal sensor placement. New techniques are developed to initialize coupled fire-atmosphere simulations with weather conditions typical of the planned burn locations and time of the year. Analysis of variation and sensitivity analysis of simulation design to model parameters by repeated Latin Hypercube Sampling are used to assess the locations of the sensors. The simulations provide the locations of the measurements that maximize the expected variation of the sensor outputs with the model parameters.
description: 35 pages, 4 tables, 28 figures
Additional file 2: of Physical literacy levels of Canadian children aged 8–12 years: descriptive and normative results from the RBC Learn to Play–CAPL project
Creators: name: Tremblay, Mark
name: Longmuir, Patricia
name: Barnes, Joel
name: Belanger, Kevin
name: Anderson, Kristal
name: Bruner, Brenda
name: Copeland, Jennifer
name: Nyström, Christine Delisle
name: Gregg, Melanie
name: Hall, Nathan
name: Kolen, Angela
name: Lane, Kirstin
name: Law, Barbi
name: MacDonald, Dany
name: Martin, Luc
name: Saunders, Travis
name: Sheehan, Dwayne
name: Stone, Michelle
name: Woodruff, Sarah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: RBC Learn to Play–CAPL descriptive statistics stratified by gender and age. (DOCX 50 kb)
Oral history interview with Philip Selznick, 1988
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021

description: Youth; Newark, NJ; Jewish identity and radicalism; City College of New York 1935-1939, politics, Trotskyist movement, Shactmanites, Workers Party; Columbia University 1937-40; United States Army, 1943-1946; University of Minnesota, Minnesota Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), and Farmer Labor Party; UCLA 1947-52; University of California, Berkeley 1952-; Reflections on Communist Party; San Francisco ADA; Free Speech Movement (FSM); New Left and Old Left compared; professional career
Type II Duality Symmetries in Six Dimensions
Creators: name: Behrndt, K.
name: Bergshoeff, E.
name: Janssen, Bert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the different discrete duality symmetries in six dimensions that act within and between (i) the 10-dimensional heterotic string compactified on $T^4$, (ii) the 10-dimensional Type IIA string compactified on $K3$ and (iii) the 10-dimensional Type IIB string compactified on $K3$. In particular we show that the underlying group-theoretical structure of these discrete duality symmetries is determined by the proper cubic group ${\cal C}/\Z_2$. Our group theoretical interpretation leads to simple rules for constructing the explicit form of the different discrete Type II duality symmetries in an arbitrary background. The explicit duality rules we obtain are applied to construct dual versions of the 6-dimensional chiral null model.
description: 31 pages, 6 figures, epsfig.sty, latex
Additional file 1: of Risk prediction for breast Cancer in Han Chinese women based on a cause-specific Hazard model
Creators: name: Wang, Lu
name: Liu, Liyuan
name: Lou, Zhen
name: Ding, Lijie
name: Guan, Hui
name: Wang, Fei
name: Yu, Lixiang
name: Xiang, Yujuan
name: Zhou, Fei
name: Xue, Fuzhong
name: Yu, Zhigang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: R code for HCBCP model. R code using to perform HCBCP model (DOCX 20 kb)
Formica obsoleta Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Formica
Formica obsoleta

description: Formica obsoleta [spec. nov.]
F. supra nigra, subtus testaceo rufa, abdomine subgloboso.
Habitat in Europae terra.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 580, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Combining contextuality and causality: a game semantics approach
Creators: name: Abramsky, Samson
name: Barbosa, Rui Soares
name: Searle, Amy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We develop an approach to combining contextuality with causality, which is general enough to cover causal background structure, adaptive measurement-based quantum computation, and causal networks. The key idea is to view contextuality as arising from a game played between Experimenter and Nature, allowing for causal dependencies in the actions of both the Experimenter (choice of measurements) and Nature (choice of outcomes).
description: 14 pages
Oral history interview with Philip O'Connor White 1975
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Executives
Manufacturing processes
Consolidation and merger of corporations
Sealing (Technology)

description: Development of White Cap Company: vacuum sealing and high speed sealing equipment; effects of the Depression on company; White brothers' business philosophy and policies; employee loyalty, benefits, rapport; merger of Continental Can and White Cap; affiliation with Bond Crown.
Supergravity Solutions for Localised Brane Intersections
Creators: name: Rajaraman, Arvind
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general method for constructing supergravity solutions for intersecting branes. The solutions are written in terms of a single function, which is the solution to a nonlinear differential equation. We illustrate this procedure in detail for the case of M2-branes ending on M5-branes. We also present supergravity solutions for strings ending on Dp-branes. Unlike previous results in the literature, these branes are completely localized.
description: 16 pages, latex, references added
Formica saccharivora Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Formica
Formica saccharivora

description: Formica saccharivora [spec. nov.]
F. nigra, pedibus antennis maxillisque rufis.
Brown. jam. 440. Formica minima saccharivora.
Habitat in America intra culmos sacchari nidificans eosque destruens.
Corpus adspersum pilis albidis. Squama petioli crassa integra. Magnitudo F. caespitum.
Formicae vivunt in societate, indefessae corradunt quisquilias & in acervum Societatis congerunt; at plebecula haec spadonum sub nuptiis inservit novis nuptis, & peractis puerperiis expellit parentes, retentis liberis pro conservatione familiae.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 580, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 4: of Revising the motivation and confidence domain of the Canadian assessment of physical literacy
Creators: name: Gunnell, Katie
name: Longmuir, Patricia
name: Woodruff, Sarah
name: Barnes, Joel
name: Belanger, Kevin
name: Tremblay, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Item descriptive statistics. (DOCX 34 kb)
On the Formation of Massive Stars
Creators: name: Bonnell, Ian A.
name: Bate, Matthew R.
name: Zinnecker, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model for the formation of massive ($M > 10 M_\odot$) stars through accretion-induced collisions in the cores of embedded dense stellar clusters. This model circumvents the problem of accreting onto a star whose luminosity is sufficient to reverse the infall of gas. Instead, the central core of the cluster accretes from the surrounding gas, thereby decreasing its radius until collisions between individual components become significant. These components are, in general, intermediate-mass stars that have formed through accretion onto low-mass protostars. Once a sufficiently massive star has formed to expel the remaining gas, the cluster expands in accordance with this loss of mass, halting further collisions. This process implies a critical stellar density for the formation of massive stars, and a high rate of binaries formed by tidal capture.
description: Accepted by MNRAS. 10 pages, 5 figures. Also available at http://www.mpia-hd.mpg.de/theory/bate/
title: Μελέτη σχεδιασμού και εγκατάστασης δικτύου οπτικών ινών σε αστική και ημιαστική περιοχή
title: Fiber optic network design and installation study in urban and semi-urban area
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Μπολώσης, Αναστάσιος
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2024
Subjects: Δίκτυα
Οπτικές ίνες
Αστικές περιοχές
Ημιαστικές περιοχές

description: Η παρούσα εργασία προσφέρει μια ολοκληρωμένη εξέταση των δικτύων οπτικών ινών, αναλύοντας λεπτομερώς τις θεμελιώδεις πτυχές τους, τον εξοπλισμό, τους διάφορους τύπους ινών, τις παρεχόμενες υπηρεσίες, τις διαδικασίες εγκατάστασης και τα χρησιμοποιούμενα υλικά. Εμβαθύνει στην αρχιτεκτονική των δικτύων διερευνώντας τα μοντέλα OSI και TCP/IP και τη σημασία τους σε αστικές και ημιαστικές περιοχές. Μια σημαντική ενότητα συγκρίνει αστικά και ημιαστικά δίκτυα οπτικών ινών, εξετάζοντας την αστική κάλυψη με ανάλυση της υποδομής πύργων κινητής τηλεφωνίας, των κατανεμημένων συστημάτων κεραιών (DAS), των σημείων πρόσβασης Wi-Fi και των προηγμένων τεχνολογιών 4G/5G. Αντίθετα, διερευνά τις ανισότητες στην κάλυψη των ημιαστικών δικτύων, την παρακολούθηση, τη συντήρηση και διεξάγει μια διεξοδική συγκριτική ανάλυση που περιλαμβάνει εκτιμήσεις, κοινωνικοοικονομικές επιπτώσεις και τεχνολογικές διαφορές. Επιπλέον, το έγγραφο προβλέπει μελλοντικές εξελίξεις και καινοτομίες στα οπτικά δίκτυα, συζητώντας τις πιθανές εξελίξεις, τις αναδυόμενες τεχνολογίες και τις νέες αρχιτεκτονικές δικτύων. Συνθέτοντας τις διαφορετικές οπτικές γωνίες, η παρούσα εργασία παρέχει σημαντικές πληροφορίες σχετικά με την πολυπλοκότητα των δικτύων οπτικών ινών, την τρέχουσα κατάστασή τους, τη συγκριτική δυναμική τους σε διαφορετικά περιβάλλοντα και τις πιθανές μελλοντικές τάσεις.
Fiber bundle model under heterogeneous loading
Creators: name: Roy, Subhadeep
name: Goswami, Sanchari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present work deals with the behavior of fiber bundle model under heterogeneous loading condition. The model is explored both in the mean-field limit as well as with local stress concentration. In the mean field limit, the failure abruptness decreases with increasing order k of heterogeneous loading. In this limit, a brittle to quasi-brittle transition is observed at a particular strength of disorder which changes with k. On the other hand, the model is hardly affected by such heterogeneity in the limit where local stress concentration plays a crucial role. The continuous limit of the heterogeneous loading is also studied and discussed in this paper. Some of the important results related to fiber bundle model are reviewed and their responses to our new scheme of heterogeneous loading are studied in details. Our findings are universal with respect to the nature of the threshold distribution adopted to assign strength to an individual fiber.
description: 16 pages, 16 figures
Additional file 2: of Risk prediction for breast Cancer in Han Chinese women based on a cause-specific Hazard model
Creators: name: Wang, Lu
name: Liu, Liyuan
name: Lou, Zhen
name: Ding, Lijie
name: Guan, Hui
name: Wang, Fei
name: Yu, Lixiang
name: Xiang, Yujuan
name: Zhou, Fei
name: Xue, Fuzhong
name: Yu, Zhigang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Table S1. Relative Risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of risk factors associated with breast cancer by univariate conditional logistic regression in Shandong Case Control Study (DOCX 15 kb)
Self-supervised Learning for Dense Depth Estimation in Monocular Endoscopy
Creators: name: Liu, Xingtong
name: Sinha, Ayushi
name: Unberath, Mathias
name: Ishii, Masaru
name: Hager, Gregory
name: Taylor, Russell H.
name: Reiter, Austin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a self-supervised approach to training convolutional neural networks for dense depth estimation from monocular endoscopy data without a priori modeling of anatomy or shading. Our method only requires sequential data from monocular endoscopic videos and a multi-view stereo reconstruction method, e.g. structure from motion, that supervises learning in a sparse but accurate manner. Consequently, our method requires neither manual interaction, such as scaling or labeling, nor patient CT in the training and application phases. We demonstrate the performance of our method on sinus endoscopy data from two patients and validate depth prediction quantitatively using corresponding patient CT scans where we found submillimeter residual errors.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1. of CXCL1-LCN2 paracrine axis promotes progression of prostate cancer via the Src activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Creators: name: Lu, Yongning
name: Dong, Baijun
name: Xu, Fan
name: Xu, Yunze
name: Pan, Jiahua
name: Song, Jiajia
name: Zhang, Jin
name: Huang, Yiran
name: Xue, Wei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Figure S1. Prostate cancer cell-myofibroblast interaction and cytokine secretion in co-culture systems. (A) Proliferation of WPMY-1 treated with conditional media (CM) from prostate cancer cell line DU145 was measured with SRB. Viability of WPMY-1 control was normalized as 100%. (B) mRNA level of FAPa in WPMY-1 co-cultured with DU145 in transwell system was determined with qPCR, which of WPMY-1 untreated control was normalized as 1. (C) Proliferation of prostate cancer cell lines treated with conditional media (CM) from naïve WPMY-1 (CM-W) or WPMY-1 pre-activated by the conditioned medium of corresponding prostate cancer cells (i.e. CM-WL/CM-WP/CM-WD, the last letter indicates prostate cancer cell line). (D~E) Cytokines profiles in PCa-WPMY-1 co-cultured systems. The cytokines concentration was normalized with numbers of cells. W + L: WPMY-1 and LNCaP; 2D and 4D: 2 days and 4 days. D: CM-PC3 treated WPMY-1 vs. naïve WPMY-1 control; E: WPMY-1 and LNCaP transwell co-culture system vs. naïve WPMY-1 control. Data are represented as mean ± SD of triplicates from a representative triplicate experiment. Histograms shows quantitative results and p value was determined by ANOVA or t test, asterisks indicate *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Figure S2. Src family kinases signaling pathway activation is attenuated in CXCL1 treated prostate cancer cells using CXCR1/2 antagonist SCH527123. DU145 were treated with CXCL1 alone or supplemented with SCH527123 for indicated time, phosphorylation of Src, FAK and Paxillin were determined using western blotting. Experiments were repeated three times and representative blots were demonstrated. Table S1. CXCL1 associated genes in prostate cancer (Top ten). Table S2. Clinical and pathological characteristics of prostate cancer patients. Table S3. Correlation of CXCL1, CD177 and LCN2 expression in prostate cancer tissues. Table S4. Correlation of CXCL1 expression and clinical-pathological characteristics of prostate cancer patients. Table S5. CXCL1 is an independent prognosis factor of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. (DOC 1246 kb)
Formica omnivora Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Formica
Formica omnivora

description: Formica omnivora [spec. nov.]
F. thorace bidentato, petiolo binodoso, corpore testaceo, abdomine fusco.
Brown. jam. 440. Formica domestica omnivora.
Habitat in America meridionali, consumens & dilacerans omnia cibaria.
Thorax laevis, adspersus punctis vix conspicuis elevatis. Abdomen fuscum, pilis albis vix manifestis. Petiolus nodis duobus teretiusculis. Corpus testaceum, minutissimum.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 581, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Beyond Local Nash Equilibria for Adversarial Networks
Creators: name: Oliehoek, Frans A.
name: Savani, Rahul
name: Gallego, Jose
name: van der Pol, Elise
name: Groß, Roderich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Save for some special cases, current training methods for Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are at best guaranteed to converge to a `local Nash equilibrium` (LNE). Such LNEs, however, can be arbitrarily far from an actual Nash equilibrium (NE), which implies that there are no guarantees on the quality of the found generator or classifier. This paper proposes to model GANs explicitly as finite games in mixed strategies, thereby ensuring that every LNE is an NE. With this formulation, we propose a solution method that is proven to monotonically converge to a resource-bounded Nash equilibrium (RB-NE): by increasing computational resources we can find better solutions. We empirically demonstrate that our method is less prone to typical GAN problems such as mode collapse, and produces solutions that are less exploitable than those produced by GANs and MGANs, and closely resemble theoretical predictions about NEs.
description: Supersedes arXiv:1712.00679; v2 includes Fictitious GAN in the related work and refers to Danskin (1981)
Oral history interview with Piroska Bárczy Zilahy, 1977
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Playwriting
Motion picture authorship

description: Recollections of her husband, Lajos Zilahy: personal anecdotes, his work as playwright, cultural involvement in Hungary, later Hollywood, PEN club, emigration, death; reminiscences of her father, István Bárczy: family background, mayor of Budapest, modernization of city
Multi-scalar p-brane solitons
Creators: name: Lu, H.
name: Pope, C. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a previous paper \cite{lp}, supersymmetric $p$-brane solutions involving one dilatonic scalar field in maximal supergravity theories were classified. Although these solutions involve a number of participating field strengths, they are all equal and thus they carry equal electric or magnetic charges. In this paper, we generalise all these solutions to multi-scalar solutions in which the charges become independent free parameters. The mass per unit $p$-volume is equal to the sum of these Page charges. We find that for generic values of the Page charges, they preserve the same fraction of the supersymmetry as in their single-scalar limits. However, for special values of the Page charges, the supersymmetry can be enhanced.
description: 15 pages, Latex, no figures
Additional file 1: of Physical literacy levels of Canadian children aged 8â 12Â years: descriptive and normative results from the RBC Learn to Playâ CAPL project
Creators: name: Tremblay, Mark
name: Longmuir, Patricia
name: Barnes, Joel
name: Belanger, Kevin
name: Anderson, Kristal
name: Bruner, Brenda
name: Copeland, Jennifer
name: NystrĂśm, Christine Delisle
name: Gregg, Melanie
name: Hall, Nathan
name: Kolen, Angela
name: Lane, Kirstin
name: Law, Barbi
name: MacDonald, Dany
name: Martin, Luc
name: Saunders, Travis
name: Sheehan, Dwayne
name: Stone, Michelle
name: Woodruff, Sarah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: CAPL interpretation categories for each domain and each measure by age and gender. (DOCX 112 kb)
Occupation-dependent particle separation in one-dimensional non-Hermitian lattices
Creators: name: Qin, Yi
name: Li, Linhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We unveil an exotic phenomenon arising from the intricate interplay between non-Hermiticity and many-body physics, namely an occupation-dependent particle separation for hardcore bosons in a one-dimensional lattice driven by uni-directional non-Hermitian pumping. Taking hardcore bosons as an example, we find that a pair of particles occupying the same unit cell exhibit an opposite non-Hermitian pumping direction to that of unpaired ones occupying different unit cells. By turning on an intracell interaction, many-body eigenstates split in their real energies, forming separable clusters in the complex energy plane with either left-, right-, or bipolar-types of non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE). The dependency of skin accumulating directions on particle occupation is further justified with local sublattice correlation and entanglement entropy of many-body eigenstates. Dynamically, this occupation-dependent NHSE manifests as uni- or bi-directional pumping for many-body initial states, allowing for spatially separating paired and unpaired particles. Similar phenomena also apply to fermionic systems, unveiling the possibility of designing and exploring novel non-Hermitian phases originated from particle non-conservation in subsystems (e.g., orbitals, sublattices, or spin species) and their spatial configurations.
description: 18pages, 14 fiugres
Additional file 3: of Physical Literacy Knowledge Questionnaire: feasibility, validity, and reliability for Canadian children aged 8 to 12Â years
Creators: name: Longmuir, Patricia
name: Woodruff, Sarah
name: Boyer, Charles
name: Lloyd, Meghann
name: Tremblay, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Final version of the Physical Activity knowledge questions (as of 2013-06-28). (DOC 236 kb)
The Double Pentaladder Integral to All Orders
Creators: name: Caron-Huot, Simon
name: Dixon, Lance J.
name: von Hippel, Matt
name: McLeod, Andrew J.
name: Papathanasiou, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute dual-conformally invariant ladder integrals that are capped off by pentagons at each end of the ladder. Such integrals appear in six-point amplitudes in planar N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory. We provide exact, finite-coupling formulas for the basic double pentaladder integrals as a single Mellin integral over hypergeometric functions. For particular choices of the dual conformal cross ratios, we can evaluate the integral at weak coupling to high loop orders in terms of multiple polylogarithms. We argue that the integrals are exponentially suppressed at strong coupling. We describe the space of functions that contains all such double pentaladder integrals and their derivatives, or coproducts. This space, a prototype for the space of Steinmann hexagon functions, has a simple algebraic structure, which we elucidate by considering a particular discontinuity of the functions that localizes the Mellin integral and collapses the relevant symbol alphabet. This function space is endowed with a coaction, both perturbatively and at finite coupling, which mixes the independent solutions of the hypergeometric differential equation and constructively realizes a coaction principle of the type believed to hold in the full Steinmann hexagon function space.
description: 70 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables; v2, minor typo corrections and clarifications
The Role of ATM in the Regulation of Interferon-gamma Responses
Creators: name: Tomas Dos Santos, Cristina Isabel
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Interferon (IFN)-γ is a key cytokine in the modulation of immune responses necessary for elimination of viral infections and some cancer cells. IFN-γ signals through the Janus kinase (JAK)/ signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signalling pathways. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) was identified by our group as a regulator of IFN-γ responses. Within DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, ATM controls chromatin remodelling, which is also indispensable for transcription. We hypothesised, therefore, that ATM modulated IFN-γ responses at the transcriptional level by regulating STAT1 chromatin binding and/or chromatin-modifying proteins. ATM silencing impaired to varying degrees IFN-γ-induced expression of several IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) at the mRNA and protein levels and delayed STAT1 serine 727 phosphorylation within the nucleus. These effects were independent of ATM enzymatic activity. ATM knockdown impaired IFN-γ- induced binding of STAT1 to class II transactivator (CIITA) and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DRα promoters, but not to IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-1 and antigen peptide transporter (TAP) 1 promoters. This could account for HLA Class II expression being more severely impaired than that of HLA Class I, even though both are classical IFN-γ target genes. ATM, however, bound to the promoters of all these ISGs. ATM and STAT1 interacted under basal conditions, with STAT1 becoming tyrosine 701 phosphorylated upon IFN-γ treatment. The siATM phenotype regarding HLA class II expression was partially or completely recapitulated by silencing of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 and 3, respectively, in contrast to phenotypes induced by RNAi against HDAC2 and Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) domain-associated protein 1 (KAP1). KAP1 also acted, directly or indirectly, as a negative regulator of IFN-γ-induced STAT1 phosphorylation and, consequently, of HLA class I and II HLA expression. Interestingly, KAP1 interaction with STAT1 decreased after IFN-γ treatment. Overall our data indicates that ATM plays an important role as a modulator of IFN-γ-mediated transcription probably by interacting with STAT1, regulating its binding to the promoters of a specific subset of ISGs and regulating chromatin-modifying proteins such as KAP1, HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDCA3. Understanding how ATM regulates IFN-γ signalling may provide new insights into important immune-mediated mechanisms, such as those involved in tumour suppression and thus have therapeutic value.
Snakes and ghosts in a parity-time-symmetric chain of dimers
Creators: name: Susanto, H.
name: Kusdiantara, R.
name: Li, N.
name: Kirikchi, O. B.
name: Adzkiya, D.
name: Putri, E. R. M.
name: Asfihani, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider linearly coupled discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations with gain and loss terms and with a cubic-quintic nonlinearity. The system models a parity-time ($\cal{PT}$)-symmetric coupler composed by a chain of dimers. Particularly we study site-centered and bond-centered spatially-localized solutions and present that each solution has a symmetric and antisymmetric configuration between the arms. When a parameter is varied, the resulting bifurcation diagrams for the existence of standing localized solutions have a snaking behaviour. The critical gain/loss coefficient above which the $\cal{PT}-$symmetry is broken corresponds to the condition when bifurcation diagrams of symmetric and antisymmetric states merge. Past the symmetry breaking, the system no longer has time-independent states. Nevertheless, equilibrium solutions can be analytically continued by defining a dual equation that leads to so-called ghost states associated with growth or decay, that are also identified and examined here. We show that ghost localized states also exhibit snaking bifurcation diagrams. We analyse the width of the snaking region and provide asymptotic approximations in the limit of strong and weak coupling where good agreement is obtained.
description: To appear in PRE
Oral history interview with Ponna Wignaraja, 2001
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Economic development projects
Poverty--International cooperation
Poverty--South Asia

description: Background and childhood: born 1926, Sri Lanka, Hindu family; education: economics, University of Sri Lanka, University of Ceylon, 1944-48, Yale University; career: International Monetary Fund [IMF] development advisor, 1951-53, World Bank advisor, 1962-67, secretary-general of the Society for International Development, 1981-86, vice chairman of the Independent South Asian Commission on Poverty Alleviation, 1991, chairman of the South Asian Perspectives Network Association [SAPNA]; themes: Hindu background and village life during childhood as influence for interest in global development and poverty, Gandhi's influence on development of political consciousness, yoga as a spiritual influence, experiences in Germany, World Bank missions in Africa, SAPNA as a tool for development and social change in South Asia, UN commissions and projects for dealing with South Asian poverty, family reminiscences, colleague reminiscences; writings: "Towards a Theory of Rural Development", "New Social Movements in the South", "Pro-Poor Growth and Governance in South Asia"
Near-ultraviolet photon-counting dual-comb spectroscopy
Creators: name: Xu, Bingxin
name: Chen, Zaijun
name: Hänsch, Theodor W.
name: Picqué, Nathalie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultraviolet spectroscopy provides unique insights into the structure of matter with applications ranging from fundamental tests to photochemistry in the earth's atmosphere and astronomical observations from space telescopes. At longer wavelengths, dual-comb spectroscopy with two interfering laser frequency combs has evolved into a powerful technique that can offer simultaneously a broad spectral range and very high resolution. Here we demonstrate a photon-counting approach that can extend the unique advantages of this method into ultraviolet regions where nonlinear frequency-conversion tends to be very inefficient. Our spectrometer, based on two frequency combs of slightly different repetition frequencies, provides broad span, high resolution, frequency calibration within the accuracy of an atomic clock, and overall consistency of the spectra. We demonstrate a signal-to-noise ratio at the quantum limit and optimal use of the measurement time, provided by the multiplex recording of all spectral data on a single photo-counter. Our initial experiments are performed in the near-ultraviolet and in the visible spectral ranges with alkali-atom vapor, with a power per comb line as low as a femtowatt. This crucial step towards precision broadband spectroscopy at short wavelengths clears the path to extreme-ultraviolet dual-comb spectroscopy and, more generally, generates a new realm of applications for diagnostics at photon level, as encountered e.g., when driving single atoms or molecules.