cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Charity Oversight: An Alternative Approach
Creators: name: Owens, Marcus S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Public administration

description: A number of years ago, I suggested that the time might be ripe to consider a new model for charity regulation, one modeled on the combination of self-regulation and government oversight provided to U.S. security markets by the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the National Association of Securities Dealers (“NASD”) and similar self-regulatory organizations. The intervening years have not been quiet for either the charitable community or the securities industry. On the charitable side, we have seen the passage of extensive charity reform legislation in the Pension Protection Act of 2006 (the “PPA”), which, while aimed at some well-publicized and clear abuses, is written so broadly that it creates new prohibitions, administrative burdens, and legal uncertainty for many legitimate charities. In the securities industry, the SEC has considered whether the self-regulation model needs to be revisited, and the trend is toward more consolidated and more publicly accountable mechanisms for industry self-regulation, as evidenced by the structure of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), the result of a merger of the NASD and the regulatory functions of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). Developments in both the charitable and financial sectors continue to persuade me that restructuring the federal regulation of charities along the lines of FINRA or other hybrid public/private regulators makes sense. In addition, the federal/state structure for the investigation and prosecution of Medicaid fraud, as embodied by Medicaid Fraud Control Units, suggests a model for federal/state cooperation in charities oversight. In this paper, I expand on what a new public/private charity regulator might look like, taking into account lessons from the financial sector and Medicaid fraud investigation. While there are obviously numerous points along the spectrum between a purely public regulator like the IRS and a purely private “regulator” like a voluntary standard-setting organization, the regime I favor features a strong regulator with minority representation from the sector along with significant government representation. Its closest analogues in the securities industry are FINRA itself and the Public Companies Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) created by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to oversee public company auditors.  Although there are important differences between these models, both offer several advantages over the current IRS-managed enforcement structure. They also preserve important advantages of a self-regulatory model while mitigating its potential drawbacks.
Characterizing the role of p53 interactors in cell fate decisions
Creators: name: Dhokia, Vinesh
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The tumour suppressor p53 is considered to be one of the most studied proteins of all time, and yet much remains to be discovered about this enigmatic protein. As a stress response protein, p53 is able to coordinate multiple signalling inputs to alter cell fate to either cause cell cycle arrest in the form of senescence or death via apoptosis. With regards to senescence, there is a paucity of data demonstrating how p53 elicits and maintains this phenotype. To overcome this gap, interactors of p53 in the context of senescence were identified using two main approaches, immunoprecipitation and proximity labelling of p53, in a well characterized cellular model of senescence. An IP at different times over the first 72 hours of senescence induction analysed by tandem mass spectrometry identified known interactors of p53, such as heat shock proteins and 14-3-3, but also potential novel interactors such as Synemin. Proximity labelling studies were next conducted by generating chimeric p53-APEX2 proteins at both the N and C terminal ends of p53 to identify further possible interactors. Following labelling with biotin, samples over 72 hours were similarly analysed by tandem mass spectrometry. This resulted in the identification of numerous proteins, local to p53 throughout the early stages of senescence and potentially implicated in various aspects of the senescent phenotype, such as the SASP, lysosome translocation, cytoskeletal organisation, and cell cycle arrest. Together, these proteins could be setting up a “pro-senescent” balance that would help determine p53-dependent cell fate decisions. This is the first dynamic interactome of p53 in the first stages of senescence, and it provides novel insights on how p53 mediates this phenotype. Among the known modulators of p53, we further studied the retinoic acid receptor, Stra6, which increased ROS and p53 levels and reduced cell viability when expressed in DNA damaged cells. Stra6 may play a role in cell fate decisions by enhancing apoptotic responses. This connection between p53 and the retinoic acid pathway warrants further attention to fully understand the mechanism at work.
Client Education
Creators: name: Galbraith, Ray
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: I have been asked to share with you some of the ideas that we have used in our multiple man food animal practice over the past 23 years. We have had the good fortune to be invited to write a guest article in some of the different farm publications over the last years and the responsibility for these columns have fallen on several different people in that time span.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
Use of a Bovine Nose Twitch, Bilge Pump, and Milk Test for Ketosis
Creators: name: Oetzel, Garrett R.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: Bovine Nose Twitch. A bovine nose twitch, which has much the same effect as an equine nose twitch used in a horse, is available for use in cattle. Bovine nose twitches are commonly used in Europe, where they are sometimes referred to as Reetz nose holders.1 I first saw one of these twitches when a student brought one back from Ireland. It looked strange but worked impressively. Bilge Pump. A large capacity, plastic pump comes in very handy when delivering large volumes of oral solutions to cattle. I have found that a standard plastic bilge pump designed to bail water from sailboats works both inexpensively and effectively. Milk Test for Ketosis. Diagnosis of ketosis in postpartum dairy cows is difficult if you cannot get the cow to urinate or if you cannot detect the odor of ketones on the cow's breath. In such cases, I use a ketone test powder (Ketonate™, Labanco Inc., Box 483, Addison, IL 60101) to test for milk ketones.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
Using Peak Milk as a Monitor of Dairy Herd Production
Creators: name: Kearley, William P.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: An emerging area of the veterinarian's involvment on a dairy farm is production management consultation. As a production consultant you are expected to monitor herd production and make recommendations that keep production at a profitable level.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
Embryo Transfer Tips
Creators: name: Robertson, Edwin G.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: While I tried to make this presentation a light-hearted one, borrowing an idea or two from the television shot Dragnet, l did present two ideas that have been helpful to me in my embryo transfer work. The first, and the one on which the presentation dealt entirely, was a simple idea designed to hold a cow's tail out of the way during embryo transfer or any other procedures in the perineal area of a cow. The second tip involves a homemade disposable embryo filter that can be made for under about 20 cents.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
Sterilizing Calf Pens to Control Salmonellosis
Creators: name: Petty, Albert S.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: Salmonellosis can be one of the most difficult diseases to control on the dairy farm. In our practice the response to treatment with antibiotics has been disappointing especially when one considers the long term cure rate. Likewise the use of commercial autogenous bacterins have been of limited value. In addition, the frequent and often fatal reactions in both calves and adults to the bacterins limits the value of these products. With this in mind I have looked for other methods of controlling this disease.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
Effects of Kerr nonlinearity in physical unclonable functions
Creators: name: Nikolopoulos, Georgios M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We address the question of whether the presence of Kerr nonlinearity in multiple-scattering optical media offers any advantage with respect to the design of physical unclonable functions. Our results suggest that under certain conditions, nonlinear physical unclonable functions can be more robust against the potential cloning of the medium, relative to their linear counterparts that have been exploited in the context of various cryptographic applications.
Detection of Alpha Particles and Low Energy Gamma Rays by Thermo-Bonded Micromegas in Xenon Gas
Creators: name: Wei, Yuehuan
name: Guan, Liang
name: Zhang, Zhiyong
name: Lin, Qing
name: Wang, Xiaolian
name: Ni, Kaixuan
name: Zhao, Tianchi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Micromegas is a type of micro-pattern gaseous detector currently under R&D for applications in rare event search experiments. Here we report the performance of a Micromegas structure constructed with a micromesh thermo-bonded to a readout plane, motivated by its potential application in two-phase xenon detectors for dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay experiments. The study is carried out in pure xenon at room temperature. Measurements with alpha particles from the Americium-241 source showed that gas gains larger than 200 can be obtained at xenon pressure up to 3 atm. Gamma rays down to 8 keV were observed with such a device.
description: The article has been accepted for publication on IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Efficient Facilities for Handling Cattle
Creators: name: Rice, Duane N.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: It is well known to the seasoned practitioner that the livestock facilities you must use can make or break you. The practitioner is exposed to all types of restraining devices-all the way from the lariat to super effective, quietly operating hydraulic mechanisms. At any facility, design must be such to protect people and livestock from injury and to move animals smoothly. We all know that once you have been on a specific farm or ranch to work a considerable number of cattle, it is relatively easy to predict working time the next time you are called to that place. As human nature is, we know that only some operators will improve their facilities to enhance safety and working time.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
Politics and The Public Benefit Corporation
Creators: name: Johnstone, Anthony
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Public administration

description: Politics has given “social welfare” a bad name. In a year featuring important election-year debates over a great recession, health care coverage, fiscal austerity, and, well, “social welfare,” six of the top ten New York Times stories of 2012 containing that term concerned campaign spending from undisclosed funding sources . The juxtaposition of social welfare and dark money is unfortunate beyond semantics. It reflects a broader confusion between tax law and election law, as well as between federal and state regulation. For decades, Congress has tried and failed to legislate a coherent regime for the tax exemption and disclosure of political contributions and expenditures. From 501(c)(4) organizations to 527 organizations and back again, and from soft money to PACs to independent expenditures, federal law continually channels and rechannels essentially fluid political activity through a series of leaky regulations administered by ineffective enforcement agencies. Meanwhile, at a time when the vast majority of Americans find it increasingly difficult to make their voices heard and dollars count in politics, the regulatory complexity of organized political participation is that of the tax code squared by campaign finance law.
Massive Dark Photons as Hot Dark Matter
Creators: name: Ennadifi, Salah Eddine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the growing interest in the existence of new massive gauge bosons, we suggest that massive dark photons A0 can be a consequence of a broken new abelian symmetry U(1)'X. Such a dark symmetry U(1)'D is afterwards supposed to be associated with the conservation of the weak number W belonging to the Weakling Interacting Slim Particles U(1)'W, being a strong candidate for Hot Dark Matter. The latters correspond then to light dark photons m'A inf keV from a weak symmetry breaking scale sup 10keV.
description: 12 Pages, 1 Figure
Use of an IV Catheter Device to Facilitate Frequent On-Farm IV Therapy
Creators: name: Atkins, Gordon
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: I have two short practice tips which have worked well in our seven man large animal practice and hopefully will be useful in other similar types of practices. The first tip is the on-farm use of an indwelling I. V. catheter for repeat I. V. therapy. The second practice tip is the use of a milker vacuum pump to assist in deflation during bovine gastrointestinal surgery.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
Alfvén waves in simulations of solar photospheric vortices
Creators: name: Shelyag, S.
name: Cally, P. S.
name: Reid, A.
name: Mathioudakis, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using advanced numerical magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of the magnetised solar photosphere, including non-grey radiative transport and a non-ideal equation of state, we analyse plasma motions in photospheric magnetic vortices. We demonstrate that apparent vortex-like motions in photospheric magnetic field concentrations do not exhibit "tornado"-like behaviour or a "bath-tub" effect. While at each time instance the velocity field lines in the upper layers of the solar photosphere show swirls, the test particles moving with the time-dependent velocity field do not demonstrate such structures. Instead, they move in a wave-like fashion with rapidly changing and oscillating velocity field, determined mainly by magnetic tension in the magnetised intergranular downflows. Using time-distance diagrams, we identify horizontal motions in the magnetic flux tubes as torsional Alfvén perturbations propagating along the nearly vertical magnetic field lines with local Alfvén speed.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted to ApJL
Aspects of finite field-dependent symmetry in SU(2) Cho-Faddeev-Niemi decomposition
Creators: name: Upadhyay, Sudhaker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter we consider SU(2) Yang-Mills theory analysed in Cho-Faddeev-Niemi variables which remains invariant under local gauge transformations. The BRST symmetries of this theory is generalized by making the infinitesimal parameter finite and field-dependent. Further, we show that under appropriate choices of finite and field-dependent parameter, the gauge-fixing and ghost terms corresponding to Landau as well as maximal Abelian gauge for such Cho-Faddeev-Niemi decomposed theory appear naturally within functional integral through Jacobian calculation.
description: 9 pages, Revtex, To appear in Phys. Lett. B
Evolving State Regulation:  From Index Cards To The Internet
Creators: name: Kunstler-Goldman, Karin
name: Johns, Belinda
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Public administration

description: The contributors to this paper represent over 100 "person years" of service as state charity regulators . Although the states' authority to regulate charities began long before they joined their offices, in recent decades the contributors have witnessed changes in the ways that authority has been exercised. Their observations of those changes, influenced significantly by developing technology, the public's growing demand for information about charities' finances, increasing cooperation among regulators and between regulators and the nonprofit sector, and new roles assumed by regulators, are described here. This paper is intended to address general issues and developments in charities regulation. References to any particular states are intended only as examples. Readers are advised to consult the law of the individual states to understand how each approaches any of the issues discussed.
Some Thoughts About Regulating Religious Charity
Creators: name: Chopko, Mark E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Public administration

description: Religious organizations appeal to members of the community all the time for financial and other support. The rationale that, by contributing financial and other resources, the community has a residual interest in how the charity itself is organized and operates will, if pushed to its maximum reach, undoubtedly fuel disputes for generations. Although I suspect that however these disputes get framed, the solutions are invariably political and practical, there is a real issue about the kinds and types of regulation to which religious charity can and should be subjected.  This essay describes the background, the law, and the practical challenges that result from these contemporary clashes over the regulation of religious charity by the state.
Limits On State Regulation Of Religious Organizations: Where We Are And Where We Are Going
Creators: name: Mayer, Lloyd Hitoshi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Public administration

description: The breadth of activities and organizational forms among religious organizations rivals that of nonprofits generally, and religious organizations are vulnerable to the same types of problems that justify state regulation and oversight of nonprofits. Such problems include excessive compensation, improper benefits for board members and other insiders, misleading or fraudulent fundraising, employment discrimination, unsafe working conditions, consumer fraud, improper debt collection, and many others. Religious organizations are different, however, in that under federal and state law they enjoy unique protections from state regulation. This paper describes how such federal and state protections limit state regulation of religious organizations under current case law. It also explores the tension between the general ability of states to apply neutral and generally applicable laws to religiously motivated conduct and the special legal protections provided for some internal actions of religious organizations—particularly employment actions relating to ministers and certain internal disputes.  It concludes by exploring how courts are likely to develop such limits in the future.
The Role of State Charities Regulators in Protecting Public Trust in Charitable Responses to Disaster
Creators: name: Jepsen, George
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Public administration

description: The Internet and social media provide instant access to disaster news, as well as a platform for an instant response. Charitable donations can be made with the click of a mouse or the touch of an icon. Government officials trying to deal with the disaster have little or no time to prepare for the deluge of disaster-response gifts. Even local chapters of national charities with disaster-response experience may be unprepared for the latest event or unable to respond quickly to the challenges raised by those gifts. What are those challenges? Let me share a few examples. A local charity may have prepared a quick-response plan. But the limited purpose for which the charity was created may restrict the donations it can accept and distribute. Its limited purpose may not match the community’s needs, or the most urgent needs that arise in the days, months or even years following a disaster.  Another example is a charity that receives a high volume of gifts over a short period of time. It may not have the experience or the infrastructure in place to develop the protocols necessary to assess community needs, or to distribute gifts responsibly and within the framework of federal and state laws governing charity operations.
Equality of Effort via Algorithmic Recourse
Creators: name: Raimondi, Francesca E. D.
name: Lawrence, Andrew R.
name: Chockler, Hana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes a method for measuring fairness through equality of effort by applying algorithmic recourse through minimal interventions. Equality of effort is a property that can be quantified at both the individual and the group level. It answers the counterfactual question: what is the minimal cost for a protected individual or the average minimal cost for a protected group of individuals to reverse the outcome computed by an automated system? Algorithmic recourse increases the flexibility and applicability of the notion of equal effort: it overcomes its previous limitations by reconciling multiple treatment variables, introducing feasibility and plausibility constraints, and integrating the actual relative costs of interventions. We extend the existing definition of equality of effort and present an algorithm for its assessment via algorithmic recourse. We validate our approach both on synthetic data and on the German credit dataset.
Procedures for Collection and Shipment of Samples for Trichomonas and Campylobacter Culturing from Bulls
Creators: name: Cheney, John M.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: Equipment and Materials Needed 1. Uterine infusion pipettes. Pipettes with flexible syringe adapters work much better that pipettes with bored syringe adapters. 2. IO- I 2cc syringes. 3. Large diameter plastic soft-drinking straws. Must be large enough to accomodate uterine infusion pipette. 4. 5cc plastic or glass tubes containing . 2cc of USP Lactated Ringer's or 2cc USP Saline Solution. Tubes must be water tight. Red topped 5cc bleeding vacutainer tubes work well. Do not flush samples into bangs bleeding tubes. 5. Insulate box to keep samples from excessive heat or cold during collection and transport to laboratory. Samples for Camypylobacter should be kept at around room temperature. 6. Clark's media in sealed, rubber stopper vials.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
Providing Good Dispensing Facilities
Creators: name: James, Harry
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: Today there is an increased interest in dispensing and merchandising by the bovine practitioner. I want to discuss how good dispensing facilities can help the practitioner achieve his goals.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
Hybrid Enterprises and the Application of State Charitable Regulatory Principles as a Guide Toward an Effective Regulatory Framework
Creators: name: Grant, Elizabeth M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Public administration

description: In recent years, the convergence of several forces have contributed to the rapid adoption of legislation in many states enacting new organizational forms intended to encourage the development of social enterprises.  These forms are sometimes referred to as “hybrids,” meaning they share characteristics of both for-profit businesses and charities. The first such legislative effort was the low-profit limited liability company (L3C).  The L3C legislative effort has been overtaken recently by the benefit corporation concept. Other variations are also emerging. Nonprofits have been the traditional vehicle through which people pursue charitable or social advancements and for-profits have been the vehicle through which people pursue financial gain. The goal of the hybrid movement is to create a new organizational form that facilitates the pursuit of both goals at the same time.
Using Neural Network to Propose Solutions to Threats in Attack Patterns
Creators: name: Adebiyi, Adetunji
name: Imafidon, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the last decade, a lot of effort has been put into securing software application during development in the software industry. Software security is a research field in this area which looks at how security can be weaved into software at each phase of software development lifecycle (SDLC). The use of attack patterns is one of the approaches that have been proposed for integrating security during the design phase of SDLC. While this approach help developers in identify security flaws in their software designs, the need to apply the proper security capability that will mitigate the threat identified is very important. To assist in this area, the uses of security patterns have been proposed to help developers to identify solutions to recurring security problems. However due to different types of security patterns and their taxonomy, software developers are faced with the challenge of finding and selecting appropriate security patterns that addresses the security risks in their design. In this paper, we propose a tool based on Neural Network for proposing solutions in form of security patterns to threats in attack patterns matching attacking patterns. From the result of performance of the neural network, we found out that the neural network was able to match attack patterns to security patterns that can mitigate the threat in the attack pattern. With this information developers are better informed in making decision on the solution for securing their application.
description: 11 Pages
Evaluating Reproductive Efficiency in Beef Cattle Herds
Creators: name: Mickelsen, W. Duane
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: Unlike the dairymen, beef cattle producers derive mostof their income from calves born into the herd, making fertility the most important trait of beef cattle. A recent economic study showed that fertility was 5 times more important than the next important disease condition in cattle (Table l). Another study also showed that fertility was 5 times more important than growth rate and 10 times more important than carcass quality.1
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
HaRiM$^+$: Evaluating Summary Quality with Hallucination Risk
Creators: name: Son, Seonil
name: Park, Junsoo
name: Hwang, Jeong-in
name: Lee, Junghwa
name: Noh, Hyungjong
name: Lee, Yeonsoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the challenges of developing a summarization model arises from the difficulty in measuring the factual inconsistency of the generated text. In this study, we reinterpret the decoder overconfidence-regularizing objective suggested in (Miao et al., 2021) as a hallucination risk measurement to better estimate the quality of generated summaries. We propose a reference-free metric, HaRiM+, which only requires an off-the-shelf summarization model to compute the hallucination risk based on token likelihoods. Deploying it requires no additional training of models or ad-hoc modules, which usually need alignment to human judgments. For summary-quality estimation, HaRiM+ records state-of-the-art correlation to human judgment on three summary-quality annotation sets: FRANK, QAGS, and SummEval. We hope that our work, which merits the use of summarization models, facilitates the progress of both automated evaluation and generation of summary.
description: 9 pages (+ 21 pages of Appendix), AACL 2022
Low-Frequency Terrestrial Gravitational-Wave Detectors
Creators: name: Harms, Jan
name: Slagmolen, Bram J. J.
name: Adhikari, Rana X.
name: Miller, M. Coleman
name: Evans, Matthew
name: Chen, Yanbei
name: Müller, Holger
name: Ando, Masaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct detection of gravitational radiation in the audio band is being pursued with a network of kilometer-scale interferometers (LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA). Several space missions (LISA, DECIGO, BBO) have been proposed to search for sub-Hz radiation from massive astrophysical sources. Here we examine the potential sensitivity of three ground-based detector concepts aimed at radiation in the 0.1 -- 10\,Hz band. We describe the plethora of potential astrophysical sources in this band and make estimates for their event rates and thereby, the sensitivity requirements for these detectors. The scientific payoff from measuring astrophysical gravitational waves in this frequency band is great. Although we find no fundamental limits to the detector sensitivity in this band, the remaining technical limits will be extremely challenging to overcome.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures
A Gemini/GMOS study of the physical conditions and kinematics of the blue compact dwarf galaxy Mrk 996
Creators: name: Telles, Eduardo
name: Thuan, Trinh X.
name: Izotov, Yuri I.
name: Carrasco, Eleazar Rodrigo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an integral field spectroscopic study with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) of the unusual blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxy Mrk 996. We show through velocity and dispersion maps, emission-line intensity and ratio maps, and by a new technique of electron density limit imaging that the ionization properties of different regions in Mrk 996 are correlated with their kinematic properties. From the maps, we can spatially distinguish a very dense high-ionization zone with broad lines in the nuclear region, and a less dense low-ionization zone with narrow lines in the circumnuclear region. Four kinematically distinct systems of lines are identified in the integrated spectrum of Mrk 996, suggesting stellar wind outflows from a population of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars in the nuclear region, superposed on an underlying rotation pattern. From the intensities of the blue and red bumps, we derive a population of $\sim$473 late nitrogen (WNL) stars and $\sim$98 early carbon (WCE) stars in the nucleus of Mrk 996, resulting in a high N(WR)/N(O+WR) of 0.19. We derive, for the outer narrow-line region, an oxygen abundance 12+log(O/H)=7.94$\pm$0.30 ($\sim$ 0.2 Z$_\odot$) by using the direct T$_e$ method derived from the detected narrow [OIII]$λ$4363 line. The nucleus of Mrk 996 is, however, nitrogen-enhanced by a factor of $\sim$20, in agreement with previous CLOUDY modeling. This nitrogen enhancement is probably due to nitrogen-enriched WR ejecta, but also to enhanced nitrogen line emission in a high-density environment. Although we have made use here of two new methods - Principal Component Analysis (PCA) tomography and a method for mapping low- and high-density clouds - to analyze our data, new methodology is needed to further exploit the wealth of information.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 20 pages, 16figures
MGA and PGF2α for Estrus Synchronization
Creators: name: Odde, K. G.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: Our goal in studying estrous cycle control is to develop a low cost system that will elicit a highly fertile, tightly synchronized estrous response in a large percentage of the treated animals. Melengestrol acetate (MGA), an inexpensive oral progestogen, is currently approved and used to suppress estrus and promote growth in feedlot heifers. Even though MGA effectively synchronizes estrus in cattle, the estrus following MGA treatment is subfertile while the fertility of subsequent estrus periods is normal (Zimbelman et al., 1966; DeBois et al., 1970). This decreased fertility has limited the use of MGA for estrous synchronization. It is well known that prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is only effective for estrous synchronization in cows between days 5 and 15 (the luteal phase) of their estrous cycle. Recent research has shown that stage of cycle within this luteal phase further affects both estrous response and the interval to estrus following PGF2a injection, with early cycle animals (days 5-9) having a lower percentage response and showing heat sooner (a shorter interval to estrus) than late cycle animals (King et al., I 982). Another study shows that PGF2α injected during the late stage of the cycle (days 10-15) may result in a more fertile estrus than if it were injected in the early stage of the cycle (Bearden and Fuquay, 1984). Thus, by manipulating a group of heifers to increase the percentage in the late stage of their estrous cycle when PGF2α is injected, estrous response and degree of synchrony, as well as fertility would theoretically be improved.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
On the Prolongations of Representations of Lie Groups
Creators: name: Kadioglu, Hulya
name: Esin, Erdogan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 58A05, Secondary 22E60

description: In this paper, we introduce a study of prolongations of representations of Lie groups. We obtain a faithful (one-to-one) representation of TG where G is a finite-dimensional Lie group and TG is the tangent bundle of G, by using (not necessarily faithful) representations of G. We show that tangent functions of Lie group actions correspond to prolonged representations. We prove that if two representations are equivalent, then their prolongations are equivalent too. We show that if U is an invariant subspace for a representation, then TU is an invariant subspace for the prolongation of the given representation and vice versa. We prove that if the prolongation of Φis an irreducible representation, then Φis also an irreducible representation. Finally we show that prolongations of direct sum of two representations are direct sum of their prolongations.
description: 13 pages
Some Probable Interactions of the Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Hypersensitivity
Creators: name: Brown, L. N.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: We spent one whole introductory session, just looking at the cover of the puzzle box. In doing so, we attempted to draw attention to the need for balance in the immune response, in dealing with bovine respiratory stress factors, and in prevention of clinical bovine respiratory disease (BRD). We barely peaked inside the box, but did examine several puzzle pieces of general significance which we identified as some of these stresses. One of the big ones was people (us). As an example of one of the smaller, individual pieces of the BRD puzzle, we gave passing attention to Pasteurella haemolytica. We attempted to show that health was balance, and that imbalance resulted in disease. Infection was almost incidental. And finally, the main point of that introductory discussion was an attempt to argue that imbalance upward, overreaction or hypersensitivity could be as harmful as imbalance downward, which we can call immunosuppression. As we now draw a few more individual pieces from the puzzle box, let us also make an attempt to demonstrate how these other pieces, the common respiratory virus infections, relate back to that bigger puzzle picture. If they are of significance as opportunistic pathogens, they create imbalance. Traditionally, we have restricted our thinking almost exclusively to downward, and have been guilty of concentrating only on immunosuppression. But today, let's go onward, and upward!
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
Cavity-loss induced plateau in coupled cavity QED array
Creators: name: Yuge, Tatsuro
name: Kamide, Kenji
name: Yamaguchi, Makoto
name: Ogawa, Tetsuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonequilibrium steady states are investigated in a coupled cavity QED array system which is pumped by a thermal bath and dissipated through cavity loss. In the coherent (non-zero photon amplitude) phase, plateau regions appear, where the steady states become unchanged against the variation of the chemical potential of the thermal bath. The cavity loss plays a crucial role for the plateaus: the plateaus appear only if the cavity loss exists, and the photon leakage current, which is induced by the loss, is essential to the mechanism of the plateaus.
description: 5+1 pages, 3+1 figures
The Affordable Care Act and State Charities Regulators
Creators: name: Mancino, Douglas M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Public administration
subject: Health services administration
subject: Medical care

description: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (the “Affordable Care Act”) was enacted almost three years ago in March 2010. Certain of its provisions became effective shortly after enactment, and others have been ramping up in advance of the full implementation of most of the remaining provisions of the Affordable Care Act on January 1, 2014. The Affordable Care Act is probably one of, if not the most, comprehensive reform of the healthcare sector, which represents the largest percentage of this nation’s gross domestic product. Because of the extent of the reforms, the depth of impact on the entire healthcare system, and the costs and increased revenues associated with the Affordable Care Act, numerous challenges will be presented to state charities regulators as implementation of the Affordable Care Act continues to take place.
This paper will focus on the intersection between the federal healthcare reforms enacted as part of the Affordable Care Act and state charities regulators. Part II discusses the duty of care and oversight issues concerning compliance with the new section 501(r)  requirements applicable to nonprofit and governmental hospitals that are or seek tax exemption under section 501(c)(3). Part III focuses on the dynamics of a consolidating marketplace for hospitals and health systems and the expected mergers, acquisitions and other transactions that are taking place and will take place in the coming years in response to or as a result of the law changes contained in the Affordable Care Act. Finally, with the increased funding that will result from full implementation of the Affordable Care Act, there will be greater competition for an increasingly scarce commodity – physicians. Part IV discusses how nonprofit hospitals may be compelled to push the limits of the anti-kickback and self-referral laws, thereby creating financial exposures for the hospitals and concomitant questions about compliance with fiduciary duties of oversight as the Delaware Supreme Court spelled out in the CareMark litigation.
A Discussion of Grubs
Creators: name: Clymer, Bill C.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: The cattle grub is a pest that has been with us for many years, but is one that has often been neglected. With the coming to our industry of the cattle feeding era, we saw much more interest in the cattle grub problem. Prior to the 50's, no materials were available except a product that would kill the cattle grub when it was in the back. Rotenone was used but only killed those larvae that had already cut an air hole in the back. In the mid 50's, systemics were discovered which did effectively control cattle grubs. Since that time, many products have come forth that will effectively control cattle grubs.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
Precise timing and recent advancements with segmented anode PICOSEC Micromegas prototypes
Creators: name: Manthos, I.
name: Aune, S.
name: Bortfeldt, J.
name: Brunbauer, F.
name: David, C.
name: Desforge, D.
name: Fanourakis, G.
name: Gallinaro, M.
name: García, F.
name: Giomataris, I.
name: Gustavsson, T.
name: Iguaz, F. J.
name: Kallitsopoulou, A.
name: Kebbiri, M.
name: Kordas, K.
name: Lampoudis, C.
name: Legou, P.
name: Lisowska, M.
name: Liu, J.
name: Lupberger, M.
name: Maillard, O.
name: Maniatis, I.
name: Müller, H.
name: Oliveri, E.
name: Papaevangelou, T.
name: Paraschou, K.
name: Pomorski, M.
name: Qi, B.
name: Resnati, F.
name: Ropelewski, L.
name: Sampsonidis, D.
name: Scharenberg, L.
name: Schneider, T.
name: Sohl, L.
name: van Stenis, M.
name: Tsiamis, A.
name: Tsipolitis, Y.
name: Tzamarias, S. E.
name: Utrobicic, A.
name: Veenhof, R.
name: Wang, X.
name: White, S.
name: Zhang, Z.
name: Zhou, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Timing information in current and future accelerator facilities is important for resolving objects (particle tracks, showers, etc.) in extreme large particles multiplicities on the detection systems. The PICOSEC Micromegas detector has demonstrated the ability to time 150\,GeV muons with a sub-25\,ps precision. Driven by detailed simulation studies and a phenomenological model which describes stochastically the dynamics of the signal formation, new PICOSEC designs were developed that significantly improve the timing performance of the detector. PICOSEC prototypes with reduced drift gap size ($\sim$\SI{119}{\micro\metre}) achieved a resolution of 45\,ps in timing single photons in laser beam tests (in comparison to 76\,ps of the standard PICOSEC detector). Towards large area detectors, multi-pad PICOSEC prototypes with segmented anodes has been developed and studied. Extensive tests in particle beams revealed that the multi-pad PICOSEC technology provides also very precise timing, even when the induced signal is shared among several neighbouring pads. Furthermore, new signal processing algorithms have been developed, which can be applied during data acquisition and provide real time, precise timing.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 12th International Conference on Position Sensitive Detectors
title: München; 1895
title: seine geschichtliche, örtliche und monumentale Entwicklung unter den Wittelsbachern nebst einem Führer durch die Stadt ; mit 54 Ansichten und einem Stadtplan
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Weiß, Joseph
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2014

description: NT: Illustrierter Führer unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der geschichtlichen, örtlichen und monumentalen Entwicklung der Stadt
Local analysis of solutions of fractional semi-linear elliptic equations with isolated singularities
Creators: name: Caffarelli, Luis
name: Jin, Tianling
name: Sire, Yannick
name: Xiong, Jingang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we study the local behaviors of nonnegative local solutions of fractional order semi-linear equations $(-Δ)^σu=u^{\frac{n+2σ}{n-2σ}}$ with an isolated singularity, where $σ\in (0,1)$. We prove that all the solutions are asymptotically radially symmetric. When $σ=1$, these have been proved in \cite{CGS} by Caffarelli, Gidas and Spruck.
description: 24 pages
Government Regulation of Religious Organizations:  The Example of Religious Fraud
Creators: name: Marshall, WIlliam P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Public administration

description: State regulation of religious organizations raises a number of conflicting concerns. On one side, religiously affiliated charitable organizations are subject to the same problems of fraud, mismanagement, self-dealing, and discrimination that plague non-religious charities. Excluding religiously-affiliated organizations from state purview, therefore, can seriously undercut many of the state’s legitimate regulatory concerns. On the other side, constitutional and customary norms of church-separation call for special caution when the state attempts to investigate and oversee the activities of religiously-affiliated entities.  Overly aggressive state efforts to regulate religious entities can be constitutionally problematic and, even when legally permissible, can create a troubling appearance of state abuse of power. This paper discusses some of the constitutional and prudential concerns that are raised by state regulation of religiously affiliated charitable organizations. Part I makes a brief introductory point. Any search for clear constitutional standards in this area is likely to be frustrating. Because the principles and policies underlying the constitutional commitment to religious freedom are often themselves contradictory, the law in this area is always likely to be ambiguous and in flux. Understanding the constitutional issues then can take us only so far in determining how the state should approach its oversight and regulation. Part II then examines some of the prudential concerns that should apply when the state regulates religious organizations, focusing particularly on government investigations and prosecutions of religious organizations for fraud.  Using United States v. Ballard  as an illustration, the section examines why the government needs to be especially sensitive to religious freedom concerns when initiating such prosecutions even when its actions are otherwise fully constitutional. Part III then offers some possible guidelines that the states should consider when approaching religious fraud cases.