Peronomerus fumatus Schaum 1854
Creators: name: Kataev, B. M.
name: Makarov, K. V.
name: Kovalev, A. V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Peronomerus
Peronomerus fumatus

description: Peronomerus fumatus Schaum, 1854   
Figs 7–12, 18–22, 26–28, 31, 32  
 MATERIAL EXAMINED. Russia: Primorsky krai: Anuchino Distr.: 3 km W Novovarvarovka Vill., Simonov Klyuch stream, 43.961748°N, 132.945617°E, riparian forest, sweeping herbaceous vegetation in the flood channel, 30. VI 2021, 1 ♀, A. Kovalev leg. (ZIN); Oktyabrsk Distr.: Pokrovka Vill. env., Mt. Sinelovka, meadow at foot of slope, 8. V 2022, 1 ♂, M. Sergeev leg. (ZIN); Khasan Distr.: Andreevka Vill. env., at light, 6.VIII 1985, 1 ♀, S. Sinev leg. (ZIN).   
In addition, 2 ♂ from Hong Kong, 2 ♂ and 1 ♀ from “ China ”, 1 ♀ from Korea, and 4 ♂ and 3 ♀ from Vietnam were examined (all in ZIN).  
 COMPARATIVE DIAGNOSIS. Body length 7.0–8.6 mm. Dorsum black, without a golden shine (Figs 7, 10). Antennae brown to dark brown, with one to three basal antennomeres slightly paler than other. Body pubescence yellowish white; setae on elytral disc sparser than those in P. auripilis, only slightly deflected backward and usually relatively longer. Pronotum relatively wider (PW / PL 1.29–1.36, mean 1.33). Fourth pro-, meso- and metatarsomeres in both sexes deeply emarginated apically (as in Figs 8–12), with apical angles forming long lobes (about a third of length of corresponding fifth tarsomere). Male genitalia (Figs 18–22, 26–28, 31, 32): median lobe of aedeagus stout and strongly arcuate (Fig. 19), without a large sclerotized process in internal sac (Figs 31, 32); everted endophallus (Figs 26–28) with two laterobasal lobes approximately equal in size, without distinct ventrobasal lobe and spines; gonopore in a medial position, the left part of the surrounding sclerite larger than the right.   
 DISTRIBUTION. The most distributed species of the genus occupying the most part of the genus range. Originally described from Hong Kong (Schaum, 1854), it is widely distributed from India and Sri Lanka in the west to Japan and the Philippines in the east, to the Russian Far East in the north, and to Sumatra and the Bismarck Archipelago in the southeast (Häckel & Farkač, 2012). The species is widespread in the eastern and central parts of China (Häckel & Kirschenhofer, 2014) and in the Primorsky krai of Russia. Although P. fumatus is widely distributed in East Asia, it is still not recorded from Korea. We examined a male of this species labeled “Sagori [between Busan and Daegu, near Cheongdo-gun, South Korea] 13.IX 1900 P. Schmidt” (in Russian) (ZIN).   
 ECOLOGY. Not studied. Probably similar to P. auripilis.   
 REMARKS. The comparative original descriptions and available keys (Jedlička, 1965; Xie & Yu, 1991) usually include the shape of the pronotum, coloration, and character of pubescence to differentiate P. fumatus and P. auripilis. In our opinion, the shape of the pronotum in both species is highly variable, and the character of pubescence may also vary in some extent. According to our data, in addition to the male genitalia, the most reliable distinctive features for identification of these species are the coloration of the dorsum (Figs 1, 2 versus 7, 10) and the shape of the fourth tarsomere (Figs 3, 6 versus 9, 11) as described here in the diagnoses. We emphasize that the latter character has not been used before; at least we were unable to find any mention of it in the literature although the shape of the fourth tarsomere is one of the main characters used for the discrimination of the genera within Panagaeini. It is interesting that in the shape of the fourth tarsomere with long lateroapical lobes, P. fumatus is somewhat similar to the representatives of the genus Euschizomerus Chaudoir, 1850, from which, however, it is well distinguished by the enlarged first protarsomere of the male. In addition, the lateroapical lobes of the fourth tarsomere in the members of Euschizomerus are usually longer, reaching approximately half the length of the fifth tarsomere in most species.   
 Peronomerus nigrinus Bates, 1873 from Japan shares all its distinctive features with P. fumatus, including male genitalia (see, for example, Kasahara, 1992), and probably represents at most a geographical form of this species. However, we have no material from Japan to draw definitive conclusion.
description: Published as part of Kataev, B. M., Makarov, K. V. & Kovalev, A. V., 2024, On two species of the genus Peronomerus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of the Russian fauna, pp. 10-16 in Far Eastern Entomologist 495 on pages 12-15, DOI: 10.25221/fee.495.2, http://zenodo.org/record/10621645