cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the causes and dynamics of the early twentieth century North American pluvial
Creators: name: Cook, Benjamin I.
name: Seager, Richard
name: Miller, Ronald L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Climatology
Atmospheric circulation
Pluvial periods

description: The early twentieth century North American pluvial (1905-1917) was one of the most extreme wet periods of the last five hundred years and directly led to overly generous water allotments in the water-limited American West. Here we examine the causes and dynamics of the pluvial event using a combination of observation-based data sets and general circulation model (GCM) experiments. The character of the moisture surpluses during the pluvial differed by region, alternately driven by increased precipitation (the southwest), low evaporation from cool temperatures (the central plains), or a combination of the two (the Pacific northwest). Cool temperature anomalies covered much of the west and persisted through most months, part of a globally extensive period of cooler land and sea surface temperatures (SST). Circulation during boreal winter favored increased moisture import and precipitation in the southwest, while other regions and seasons were characterized by near normal or reduced precipitation. Anomalies in the mean circulation, precipitation, and SST fields are only partially consistent with the relatively weak El Nin Ìƒo forcing during the pluvial, suggest- ing a significant role for internal variability or other forcing agents. Differences between the reanalysis dataset, an independent statistical drought model, and GCM simulations high- light some of the remaining uncertainties in understanding the full extent of SST forcing of North American hydroclimatic variability.
BLAST: Resolving the Cosmic Submillimeter Background
Creators: name: Marsden, Gaelen
name: Ade, Peter A. R.
name: Bock, James J.
name: Chapin, Edward L.
name: Devlin, Mark J.
name: Dicker, Simon R.
name: Griffin, Matthew
name: Gundersen, Joshua O.
name: Halpern, Mark
name: Hargrave, Peter C.
name: Hughes, David H.
name: Klein, Jeff
name: Mauskopf, Philip
name: Magnelli, Benjamin
name: Moncelsi, Lorenzo
name: Netterfield, Calvin B.
name: Ngo, Henry
name: Olmi, Luca
name: Pascale, Enzo
name: Patanchon, Guillaume
name: Rex, Marie
name: Scott, Douglas
name: Semisch, Christopher
name: Thomas, Nicholas
name: Truch, Matthew D. P.
name: Tucker, Carole
name: Tucker, Gregory S.
name: Viero, Marco P.
name: Wiebe, Donald V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) has made one square degree, deep, confusion limited maps at three different bands, centered on the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey South field. By calculating the covariance of these maps with catalogs of 24 micron sources from the Far-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (FIDEL), we have determined that the total submillimeter intensities are 8.60 +/- 0.59, 4.93 +/- 0.34, and 2.27 +/- 0.20 nW m^2 sr^(-1) at 250, 350, and 500 micron, respectively. These numbers are more precise than previous estimates of the cosmic infrared background (CIB) and are consistent with 24 micron-selected galaxies generating the full intensity of the CIB. We find that the fraction of the CIB that originates from sources at z >= 1.2 increases with wavelength, with 60% from high redshift sources at 500 micron. At all BLAST wavelengths, the relative intensity of high-z sources is higher for 24 micron-faint sources than it is for 24 micron-bright sources. Galaxies identified as active galactic nuclei (AGN) by their Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) colors are 1.6-2.6 times brighter than the average population at 250-500 micron, consistent with what is found for X-ray-selected AGN. BzK-selected galaxies are found to be moderately brighter than typical 24 micron-selected galaxies in the BLAST bands. These data provide high precision constraints for models of the evolution of the number density and intensity of star forming galaxies at high redshift.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Maps are available at http://blastexperiment.info/
Magnetic telechemistry and magmatic segmentation on the Southern East Pacific Rise
Creators: name: Gee, Jeffrey S.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Results from axial dredges and a profile inversion of magnetic anomaly data along the axis of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 13-23°S provide an estimate of the average degree of fractionation for the extrusive layer at this ultrafast-spreading (âˆ¼145 mm/yr full rate) ridge. We find a high correlation (R=0.81) between dredge mean FeO* (total iron as FeO) and natural remanence for 34 axial dredges with multiple samples having coincident geochemical and magnetic data. We attribute this good correlation to detailed sampling spanning the full range of cooling-related magnetization changes within a flow and to the young age (0-6 ka) of these axial samples, which effectively minimizes time-dependent magnetization changes due to geomagnetic intensity or alteration. A composite axial magnetic anomaly profile shows large amplitude (up to 400 nT) fluctuations with wavelengths of 50-200 km, which theoretical considerations suggest can reliably be related to the magnetization directly beneath the ship. For much of the southern EPR, seismic data provide independent limits on the axial thickness (259 ± 55 m) and the pattern of off-axis thickening of the extrusive magnetic source layer. These data also provide evidence for an axial magma lens that effectively eliminates anomaly contributions from deeper magnetic sources. Inversion of the axial magnetic anomaly data utilizing these geophysical constraints yields a magnetization solution which, through use of the regression relating FeO* and natural remanence, may be related to the average degree of differentiation of the extrusive source layer. The magnetic data reveal a pattern of magmatic segmentation that closely parallels the tectonic segmentation of the ridge, suggesting that magma supply may be an important control on the average degree of differentiation of the extrusive layer.
Learning to spell: An examination of Year 4 teachers' beliefs, knowledge and practices for the teaching of spelling
Creators: name: Kennedy, CE
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This research explored the pedagogical practices of Year 4 teachers for the teaching of spelling. Currently, a gap exists between the recommended teaching pedagogies within the research literature, such as the development of four types of spelling knowledge (phonological, visual, morphemic and etymological), and the practices implemented by teachers within the classroom, particularly in the middle primary years. This study therefore aimed to understand this gap through two research questions, focusing on the types of pedagogical practices Year 4 teachers use to teach spelling, and if and how, Year 4 teachers incorporate the four types of spelling knowledge into their teaching practices. Three Year 3/4 teachers from a Catholic school in Tasmania were selected as participants. The research involved a mixed-method approach for data collection, involving the observation of three spelling lessons and a focus-group interview. The qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis, with three key themes revealed. The results found that the participants predominantly used traditional teaching approaches that implied emphasis on rote learning and memorisation. In addition, evidence of a significant absence of the four types of spelling knowledge was found within the participants' pedagogical practices, with etymological knowledge in particular virtually non-existent within the teaching of spelling in Year 4. The study concludes that more attention must be given to the teaching of spelling in the middle primary years. Both pre-service and in-service education needs to provide teachers with instruction on up-to-date pedagogical practices, particularly regarding the four types of spelling knowledge, in order to give students the greatest opportunities to become successful spellers.
In Pursuit of Seminary Historiography: The Case of Digital Textuality, Preservation, and the Margins Theological Librarianship
Creators: name: Elia, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Library science

description: What I'd like to present to you today is a brief discussion on understanding these seminary historiographies through the digital preservation of certain library materials both circulating books and archival materials, which I like to call library marginalia—and how using very basic free online tools (e.g., the Google platform) can promote and develop a broader and more developed educational and scholarly product for your institutions, denominational bodies, and the larger academic communities. I will go through a few products of early Web 2.0 (which are common and many of you know about), as well as some newer, later Web 2.0/3.0 technologies, such as Google Wave. I will focus most on the Lutheran portions of the collections, as they are the aspects I've dealt with most intimately. But let me begin with a brief discussion of "digital textuality" itself.
Volume dependence of Fisher's zeros
Creators: name: Denbleyker, A.
name: Du, Daping
name: Liu, Yuzhi
name: Meurice, Y.
name: Velytsky, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the location of the partition function zeros in the complex beta plane (Fisher's Zeros) for SU(2) lattice gauge theory on L^4 lattices. We discuss recent attempts to locate complex zeros for L=4 and 6. We compare results obtained using various polynomial approximations of the logarithm of the density of states and a straightforward MC reweighting. We conclude that the method based on a combination of discrete Chebyshev orthogonality and patching plaquette distributions at different beta provides the more reliable estimates.
description: 7 pages, 11 figures, poster presented by A. Denbleyker and Yuzhi Liu at the XXVI International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, 14-19 July 2008, Williamsburg, VA, USA
Teacher and learner perceptions of student-initiated active citizenship in primary schools
Creators: name: Scavone, MC
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Active citizenship is an important aspect of global education, assisting students to develop the understanding that they can make a difference in the world, as well as encouraging students to develop empathy, self-confidence and moral thinking. Whilst active citizenship can assist students in their preparation for the future, it is rarely occurring to its full extent in schools. Research shows that students in Australian primary schools generally take a secondary role in active citizenship, participating most frequently in teacher-chosen projects, rudimentary service learning or no projects at all, rather than being a part of the decision-making process. Considerable benefits have been reported for students when they take an active and informed role in meaningful projects, such as a feeling of empowerment, a sense of pride, greater self esteem, and positive effects on schoolwork and mood. This study aimed to uncover perceptions of student-initiated active citizenship, from the viewpoints of students, school staff and volunteers in two Australian primary schools. The study also sought teacher and school staff perceptions of the relevance of student-initiated active citizenship, gaining an indication of how much space teachers feel is in the curriculum for active citizenship opportunities in the upper primary classroom. The research is a partial replication of Hannam's pilot study into the impact of student participation in secondary schools in England, but on a smaller scale, concentrating only on the impact for schools and school communities. This phenomenological study took a qualitative approach to data collection, focusing on understanding participants' lived experience of active citizenship through semi-structured interviews. The findings from this study revealed that students perceived the experience of benefits such as enhanced mood, changes in their way of thinking and feeling pride in themselves. Teachers perceived the most beneficial aspects of the students' active citizenship to be the development of important life skills, and students learning to make decisions and act independently. Teachers perceived the difficulties being that active citizenship is time consuming, and the students observed the organisational aspects of their projects to be the most significant difficulty. Overall, the data revealed that students and school staff perceive great benefits from students participating in informed active citizenship projects.
Cenozoic geochronology
Creators: name: Berggren, William A.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Flynn, John J.
name: Van Couvering, John A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: Geomorphology

description: We present a revised Cenozoic geochronology based upon a best-fit to selected high-temperature radiometric dates on a number of identified magnetic polarity chrons (within the Late Cretaceous, Paleogene, and Neogene) which minimizes apparent accelerations in sea-floor spreading. An assessment of >200 first-order correlations of calcareous plankton biostratigraphic datum events to magnetic polarity stratigraphy yields an improved correlation of the standard magnetostratigraphic, standard biostratigraphic (zonal) and chronostratigraphic boundaries, as well as improved resolution in marine-continental stratigraphic correlations. The time scale presented here has been accepted by the Committee on Geochronology as the standard time scale for the Cenozoic for the Decade of North American Geology (DNAG).
Electrum tarnish by sulfur : a study of an irreversible process
Creators: name: Francis, Donald Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The tarnishing of electrum (40 atom % Ag) at 750°C and a sulfur fugacity of -2.8 to -2.9 1og₁օ atmospheres is heterogenous and irreversible. This is the case even though these conditions are less than 37°C and .4 log₁օ atmospheres above the point at which tarnish is first observed on the electrum. The tarnish forms initially on the grain boundaries and lattice defects of the electrum. With time, the interiors of the electrum grains become completely masked by tarnish except for narrow untarnished borders adjacent to the grain boundaries. Microprobe analysis indicates that the untarnished borders are depleted in silver and thus cannot tarnish at 750°C. The conclusion is drawn that the tarnish forms as an external layer which destroys the original composition of the adjacent electrum by preferentially removing silver. The silver depletion near the grain boundaries is thought to be caused by rapid diffusion of silver along grain boundaries to the electrum-tarnish interface.
Magnetic Nanostructures
Creators: name: Bennemann, K. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Characteristic results of magnetism in small particles and thin films are presented. As a consequence of the reduced atomic coordination in small clusters and thin films the electronic states and density of states modify. Thus magnetic moments and magnetization are affected. In tunnel junctions interplay of magnetism, spin currents and superconductivity are of particular interest. Results are given for single transition metal clusters, cluster ensembles, thin films and tunnel systems. Interesting behavior of tunnel currents and currents induced by Aharonov-Bohm effect into mesoscopic rings etc. are discussed.
description: 67 pages, 47 figures. Note: A pdf-file with better quality figures is available on my homepage. http://www.alice-dsl.net/prof.dr.k.bennemann/page3.html
title: A Longitudinal Study on the Effects of Stopping Out
Creators: name: Smith, Robert Dean
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1974

description: Inquiries have been made by the Carnegie Commission on Higher Education and the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to determine how colleges and universities could meet the financial crisis now being faced. One of the recommendations made by both agencies as a result of their investigations was that curriculum planners at these institutions provide students with opportunities to have off-campus experiences, preferably in their chosen career areas, before they are graduated to determine whether they want to pursue their studies in that area or reorient themselves to other options. These planned stopouts, they suggested, would curtail drifting or hanging on as well as enable students to gain practical experiences at various stages in their training.
There is a lack of information in the literature to justify immediate response to the suggestions made by the private and public bodies mentioned. Time does not permit officials to conduct longitudinal studies based on an experimental design which would provide a basis to accept or reject these recommendations. This study represents an effort to investigate the effects of stopping out on former students. Admittedly it has limitations, particularly those inherent in ex post facto research, but does provide some results which may assist administrators and faculties as they make decisions in light of the crisis now facing them.
The results of this study indicate that students who have stopped out are more likely to change their academic major than students who have not stopped out. Also, there are indications that stopping out does not affect academic standing. However, it was found that for most students grades get higher as they progress through school whether they stop out or stay in. This finding is in agreement with findings from previous studies reported in the literature.
Implementation of Fault-tolerant Quantum Logic Gates via Optimal Control
Creators: name: Nigmatullin, R.
name: Schirmer, S. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The implementation of fault-tolerant quantum gates on encoded logic qubits is considered. It is shown that transversal implementation of logic gates based on simple geometric control ideas is problematic for realistic physical systems suffering from imperfections such as qubit inhomogeneity or uncontrollable interactions between qubits. However, this problem can be overcome by formulating the task as an optimal control problem and designing efficient algorithms to solve it. In particular, we can find solutions that implement all of the elementary logic gates in a fixed amount of time with limited control resources for the five-qubit stabilizer code. Most importantly, logic gates that are extremely difficult to implement using conventional techniques even for ideal systems, such as the T-gate for the five-qubit stabilizer code, do not appear to pose a problem for optimal control.
description: 18 pages, ioptex, many figures
Has Writing Hardware Changed the Role of Research?
Creators: name: Elia, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Library science

description: From a record accelerated speed of 30 hand-written words per minute in the 1850s, to an exponential 120 words-per-minute half a century later, the ability to put thoughts into written words changed the cerebral dynamics of humankind, and set it on a kinesthetic path of self expression, which has not in the least stopped today, but has in fact continued in new ways.
Forming Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune in Few Million Years by Core Accretion
Creators: name: Benvenuto, Omar G.
name: Fortier, Andrea
name: Brunini, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Giant planet formation process is still not completely understood. The current most accepted paradigm, the core instability model, explains several observed properties of the solar system's giant planets but, to date, has faced difficulties to account for a formation time shorter than the observational estimates of protoplanetary disks' lifetimes, especially for the cases of Uranus and Neptune. In the context of this model, and considering a recently proposed primordial solar system orbital structure, we performed numerical calculations of giant planet formation. Our results show that if accreted planetesimals follow a size distribution in which most of the mass lies in 30-100 meter sized bodies, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune may have formed according to the nucleated instability scenario. The formation of each planet occurs within the time constraints and they end up with core masses in good agreement with present estimations.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, in press (Icarus)
BLAST: A Far-Infrared Measurement of the History of Star Formation
Creators: name: Pascale, Enzo
name: Ade, Peter A. R.
name: Bock, James J.
name: Chapin, Edward L.
name: Devlin, Mark J.
name: Dye, Simon
name: Eales, Steve A.
name: Griffin, Matthew
name: Gundersen, Joshua O.
name: Halpern, Mark
name: Hargrave, Peter C.
name: Hughes, David H.
name: Klein, Jeff
name: Marsden, Gaelen
name: Mauskopf, Philip
name: Moncelsi, Lorenzo
name: Netterfield, Calvin B.
name: Ngo, Henry
name: Olmi, Luca
name: Patanchon, Guillaume
name: Rex, Marie
name: Scott, Douglas
name: Semisch, Christopher
name: Thomas, Nicholas
name: Truch, Matthew D. P.
name: Tucker, Carole
name: Tucker, Gregory S.
name: Viero, Marco P.
name: Wiebe, Donald V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We directly measure redshift evolution in the mean physical properties (far-infrared luminosity, temperature, and mass) of the galaxies that produce the cosmic infrared background (CIB), using measurements from the Balloon-borne Large Aperture Sub-millimeter Telescope (BLAST), and Spitzer which constrain the CIB emission peak. This sample is known to produce a surface brightness in the BLAST bands consistent with the full CIB, and photometric redshifts are identified for all of the objects. We find that most of the 70 micron background is generated at z ~ 1. A significant growth is observed in the mean luminosity from ~ 10^9 - 10^12 L_sun, and in the mean temperature by 10 K, from redshifts 0< z < 3. However, there is only weak positive evolution in the comoving dust mass in these galaxies across the same redshift range. We also measure the evolution of the far-infrared luminosity density, and the star-formation rate history for these objects, finding good agreement with other infrared studies up to z ~1, exceeding the contribution attributed to optically-selected galaxies.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Maps available at http://blastexperiment.info/
A comparison of two sequential geomagnetic polarity transitions (upper Olduvai and lower Jaramillo) from the Southern Hemisphere
Creators: name: Clement, Bradford M.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geology, Stratigraphic

description: Two normal to reverse (N to R) geomagnetic polarity transitions were obtained from a Southern Hemisphere deep-sea sediment core (35.91°S, 59.97°E). The upper Jaramillo reversal was continuously sampled by taking 0.5 cm thick samples across 55 cm of section, and the upper Olduvai reversal was sampled in a similar manner across 60 cm. Both records are characterized by full normal and reverse polarity directions which are in very good agreement with those predicted by axial dipole fields for the core site latitude. Each record also exhibits a zone yielding intermediate directions. Because of a large increase in both the within-level and the between-level scatter in the upper Jaramillo transition zone, it is not considered to represent an accurate record of the geomagnetic field. The upper Olduvai transition, however, appears to be a more coherent record. It is characterized by directions that shallow early in the reversal but then rapidly steepen to nearly vertical, upward directions. The declinations do not change until the inclinations have passed through the vertical. The total directional change occurs within a broad NRM intensity minimum. The virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) path calculated for this record is not longitudinally constrained but instead exhibits a westward progression through the reversal. When considered together with the lower Jaramillo transition previously reported from this core, these records constitute a set of sequential Southern Hemisphere transitions. A number of striking similarities exist in the two records such as steep, upward directions and a shallowing which occurs between the near vertical and the full polarity directions. The results of zonal harmonic modeling of these records are consistent with the idea of a standing field which persisted across both the upper Olduvai and lower Jaramillo reversals.
The Role of G alpha 13 in Integrin-dependent Neutrophil Migration
Creators: name: Chang, Claire Wei-Ju
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Inflammation play important roles in many diseases, including sepsis, type II diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Alleviating inflammatory responses could be an effective strategy to treat inflammation-associated diseases. Neutrophils are the first responder to inflammatory sites. Their primary function is to clear out foreign invaders and ameliorate tissue damage. However, excess neutrophil recruitment can cause adverse effects such as tissue injury. Therefore, regulating neutrophil function is a critical issue for immunity and autoimmunity. Integrins transmit signals bidirectional and play an important role in neutrophil migration. Neutrophil migration requires beta 2 integrins and chemoattractant receptor signaling for motility and directionality. G protein subunit G alpha13 was proposed to facilitate cell migration by activating the RhoA signaling pathway. However, G alpha 13 also interacts with integrins and mediates integrin outside-in signaling. The possible role of G alpha13-integrin interaction in migration is unclear. In this study, we show the importance of G alpha 13-mediated integrin outside-in signaling in neutrophil migration, as G alpha13 knockout or inhibition of G alpha 13-beta 2 interaction using a beta 2-derived ExE motif peptide (MB2mP6) inhibited transendothelial neutrophil migration. Although ICAM-1 and fibrinogen are both integrin beta 2 ligands, the G alpha 13-dependent neutrophil migration is ICAM-1 dependent but not fibrinogen dependent. In addition, the MB2mP6 selectively abolished outside-in signaling without affecting integrin ligation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that G alpha 13 knockout or MB2mP6 reduces the neutrophil migration velocity without affecting migration directionality. Thus, we have uncovered a new mechanism that serves as the acceleration pedal for neutrophil migration without turning the steering wheel.
On connectivity of fibers with positive marginals in multiple logistic regression
Creators: name: Hara, Hisayuki
name: Takemura, Akimichi
name: Yoshida, Ruriko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62H17; 62E15

description: In this paper we consider exact tests of a multiple logistic regression, where the levels of covariates are equally spaced, via Markov beses. In usual application of multiple logistic regression, the sample size is positive for each combination of levels of the covariates. In this case we do not need a whole Markov basis, which guarantees connectivity of all fibers. We first give an explicit Markov basis for multiple Poisson regression. By the Lawrence lifting of this basis, in the case of bivariate logistic regression, we show a simple subset of the Markov basis which connects all fibers with a positive sample size for each combination of levels of covariates.
description: 26 pages
Instructional control of vasomotor responding : a test of conditioning, two process, and expectancy theories
Creators: name: Eaglen, Andrew Richard
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: For many years there has been a debate between proponents of competing learning theories over the role of expectancy in conditioning and extinction. Although this debate has been the subject of an intensive experimental literature, it has not been satisfactorily resolved. Many research designs are intrinsically incapable of dissociating the influence of expectancy from other factors held to be important by competing theories. However, the informed unpairing design (Brewer, 1974), in which subjects are informed of changed contingencies at the onset of extinction, is argued to provide a powerful test of expectancy, two factor, and conditioning theories. It is also argued that the bidirectional vasomotor response provides a solution to the related problems of expectancy manipulation and artifact control that confound previous research using this design . A programme of research based on the informed unpairing design, and using the vasomotor response, was undertaken. Responding in extinction following several expectancy manipulation procedures was compared in subjects given 25 continuously reinforced acquisition trials (CRF25); 100 continuously reinforced trials (CRF100); and 100 partially reinforced trials (PRF). It was found that responding in CRF25 and PRF groups in extinction was abolished by unpairing instructions coupled with removal of the thermal stimulator used for UCS presentation. A significant reduction in responding in CRF25 and PRF groups was also obtained following unpairing instruction alone as compared with groups given no instruction. The CRF25 group instructed at the onset of extinction that they would be reinforced on a PRF schedule showed a non significant trend for greater resistance to extinction than those given no instruction. These results provide strong support for an expectancy based, rather than two factor or conditioning based, explanation of responding in these groups. However, no effects of expectancy manipulation on responding in extinction were obtained in CRF100 groups, and attempts to generate responding in two groups by instruction alone proved unsuccessful. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that there may be two conditioning processes; one expectancy dependent and the other expectancy independent. Existing learning theories based on two conditioning processes are unable to account for all of the results of the present research. However, it is argued that the results of the present study are consistent with a number of studies in the skill learning literature. Models proposed to account for skill learning which distinguish between processes involved in acquisition and early performance, and those involved in much practised responding, provide a possible explanation for the obtained results. Consequences of the research for the behaviour therapies are discussed.
Four loop reciprocity of twist two operators in N=4 SYM
Creators: name: Beccaria, M.
name: Forini, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The four loop universal anomalous dimension of twist-2 operators in N=4 SYM has been recently conjectured. In this paper, we prove that it obeys a generalized Gribov-Lipatov reciprocity, previously known to hold at the three loop level.
description: 15 pages, v3: Appendix A.3 added, main body shortened, version accepted in JHEP
title: Physiological Responses in Initial Psychological Interviews
Creators: name: Perkinson, Robert R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1974

description: The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological responses of subjects to an initial psychological interview, and to study the effect of physical proximity and touch on these responses. Heart rate and total skin conductance variability were the responses monitored. To assess the subjects' like or dislike of the psychologist interviewer, a measure of interpersonal attraction, the Interpersonal Judgment Scale, was employed. The California Psychological Inventory was utilized to investigate possible personality correlates with the physiological responses.
Sixty females, between the ages of 18 and 28, responded to the California Psychological Inventory and were then connected to the physiological monitoring devices. The subjects' physiological responses were recorded for a 10-minute period in an empty office and then they randomly received one of the following treatments: In treatment I the psychologist entered the counseling office, introduced himself, and sat one foot from the subject while orally administering the Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank--Adult Form. When the psychologist reached item 15 he stated, "Very good, now let's go on to page 2." After the test, the psychologist said, "That's all for today, thank you for your help. If you will wait here, the experimenter will be right in." The psychologist then left the office, and the subject responded to the Interpersonal Judgment Scale. Treatment II was identical to treatment I, except the subject was touched three times during the interview, once on the shoulder and twice on the arm. In treatment III the psychologist entered the office, sat behind a desk and followed the procedure outlined in treatment I.
The results indicated that a subject's reaction to an initial psychological interview is a mild to moderate defensive response manifested by an increase in physiological stress levels. Total skin conductance variability increased significantly during the period when the psychologist was in the office. Heart rate increased in 54 out of 60 cases, but did not increase sufficiently enough in magnitude to justify significance.
There were no significant differences between the three treatment groups on heart rate, skin conductance, or interpersonal attraction, and there were no personality correlates which were great enough to be of practical value.
The data collected in the experiment supported the conclusion that a subject's reaction to an initial psychological interview is a mild to moderate stress response manifested by increments in physiological stress levels. Touch and physical proximity do not appear to alter the stress response or the subject's like--dislike attitude toward the psychologist.
Electrical anisotropy due to gas hydrate-filled fractures
Creators: name: Cook, Ann E.
name: Anderson, Barbara I.
name: Malinverno, Alberto
name: Mrozewski, Stefan A.
name: Goldberg, David S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: In 2006, the Indian National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01, or NGHP-01, discovered gas hydrate as fill in near-vertical fractures in unconsolidated sediments at several drilling sites on the Indian continental margins. These gas hydrate-filled fractures were identified on logging-while-drilling resistivity images. The gas hydrate-filled fracture intervals coincide with high measured resistivity at the NGHP-01 sites. High measured resistivity translates into high hydrate saturations via Archie's equation; however, these high saturations contradict lower gas hydrate saturations determined from pressure core and chlorinity measurements. Also, in intervals with near-vertical gas hydrate-filled fractures, there is considerable separation between phase shift and attenuation resistivity logs, with 2-MHz resistivity measurements being significantly higher than 400-kHz resistivity measurements. We modeled the sensitivity of the propagation resistivity measurements in the gas hydrate-filled fracture intervals at NGHP-01 Sites 5 and 10. Near-vertical hydrate-filled fractures can cause the abnormally high resistivity measurements in vertical holes due to electrical anisotropy. The model suggests the gas hydrate saturations in situ are usually significantly lower than those calculated from Archie's equation. In addition, these modeled gas hydrate saturations generally agree with the lower gas hydrate saturations obtained from pressure core and chlorinity measurements at NGHP-01 Sites 5 and 10.
Interaction current in $p p \to p p γ$
Creators: name: Nakayama, K.
name: Haberzettl, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung reaction is investigated based on a fully gauge-invariant relativistic meson-exchange model approach. In order to account consistently for the complicated part of the interaction current (which at present is too demanding to be calculated explicitly), a generalized contact current is introduced following the approach of Haberzettl, Nakayama, and Krewald [Phys. Rev. C74, 045202 (2006)]. The contact interaction current is constructed phenomenologically such that the resulting full bremsstrahlung amplitude satisfies the generalized Ward-Takahashi identity. The formalism is applied to describe the high-precision proton-proton bremsstrahlung data at 190 MeV obtained at KVI [H. Huisman et al., Phys. Rev. C65, 031001(R) (2002)]. The present results show good agreement with the data, thus removing the longstanding discrepancy between the theoretical predictions and experimental data. The present investigation, therefore, points to the importance of properly taking into account the interaction current for this reaction.
description: Minor revisions; as published in Phys. Rev. C
title: A Comparison of the Effects of a Growth Group and a Behavior Change Group on the Inner-Directedness of College Students
Creators: name: McCullough, Larry R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1974

description: The primary purpose of this study was to compare the relative effectiveness of two group counseling methods, a self-directed behavior change group and an experiential growth group, for increasing inner-directedness as measured by Shostrom's Personal Orientation Inventory, in college students who were differentiated, on the basis of a pre-treatment measure of inner-directedness, into internals and externals. A second goal was to compare the overall outcome of each method with a no-treatment control group.
Pretest-posttest gain scores on the "I" scale of the Personal Orientation Inventory were obtained for a sample of 72 college students. The data collected were used to test five specific hypotheses which were developed from theoretical considerations.
For internal subjects, the order of effectiveness of the treatment conditions was as follows (from most to least): Experiential growth group, self-directed behavior group, and a no-treatment control group. In comparison, the two treatment methods produced statistically similar results. This finding indicates that internals may become more inner-directed as a result of exposure to a variety of group-counseling approaches.
For external subjects, the order of effectiveness of the treatment conditions was as follows (from most to least): Self-directed behavior group, experiential growth group, and no-treatment control group. In comparison, the two treatment methods produced significantly different results. This finding indicates that externals are more responsive to a cognitive-oriented, structured approach, than to an affective-oriented, less structured, member-centered approach.
Group gain score means on a measure of inner-directedness were significantly higher for treated subjects than for control subjects. This finding suggests that group counseling is an effective method for increasing inner-direction in college students.
Plutonic rocks between Hope, B.C. and the 49th parallel
Creators: name: Richards, Tom
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: An area of some 400 square miles between Hope, B.C. and the 49th parallel, covering part of the northern Cascades and southern Coast Mountains, was investigated with the purpose of determining the origin and history of the plutonic rocks. Five separate plutonic complexes, which range in age from Late Cretaceous to Miocene, underlie the area. The oldest complex investigated, the Late Cretaceous Spuzzum Intrusions (103-79 M.Y.) emplaced in the catazone-Mesozone, consists of two phases: diorite and tonalite. The older of the two, the diorite, is a zoned intrusion which occupies the central part of the batholith. Sheared sills and stocks belonging to the early Tertiary Yale Intrusions (59-35 M.Y.) comprise the second oldest complex. These bodies crop out in a narrow belt that separates high grade metamorphic rocks of the Custer-Skagit Gneiss from the low grade metamorphic rocks of the Hozameen Group. The Early Oligocene Silver Creek Stock (35 M.Y.) represents the oldest of three epizonal complexes. The epizonal Chilliwack Batholith (29-26 M.Y.) is composed of seven intrusive phases which range in composition from hypersthene-augite diorite to aplitic alaskite. Each of the phases of this batholith appears to have been emplaced in a pulse from an underlying, differentiating magma that was rising through the crust. The youngest complex, the Mount Barr Batholith (21-16 M.Y.) is composed of four intrusive phases, each of which appears also to nave been emplaced in a pulse from an underlying magma. One of the phases of this batholith is in the form of a 3000-foot-thick sill-like body. These three epizonal plutons appear to be related to the north-trending Cascade volcanic-plutonic province, which overlaps the northwest-trending Coast Crystalline Complex, here represented by the Spuzzum and Yale Intrusions.
Dusty Magnetohydrodynamics in Star Forming Regions
Creators: name: Van Loo, S.
name: Falle, S. A. E. G.
name: Hartquist, T. W.
name: Havnes, O.
name: Morfill, G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Star formation occurs in dark molecular regions where the number density of hydrogen nuclei, nH, exceeds 10^4 cc and the fractional ionization is 10^-7 or less. Dust grains with sizes ranging up to tenths of microns and perhaps down to tens of nanometers contain just under one percent of the mass. Recombination on grains is important for the removal of gas phase ions, which are produced by cosmic rays penetrating the dark regions. Collisions of neutrals with charged grains contribute significantly to the coupling of the magnetic field to the neutral gas. Consequently, the dynamics of the grains must be included in the magnetohydrodynamic models of large scale collapse, the evolution of waves and the structures of shocks important in star formation.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in the Journal of Plasma Physics special issue in honour of Prof. Padma K. Shukla
Mid-Cretaceous paleomagnetic results from Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica: A test of post-100 Ma relative motion between East and West Antarctica
Creators: name: DiVenere, Victor J.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Dalziel, I. W. D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: As part of the tripartite, United States - United Kingdom - New Zealand, 1990-1991 South Pacific Rim International Tectonics Expedition, oriented samples were collected for paleomagnetic analysis from mid-Cretaceous (circa 100 Ma) intrusive rocks at sampling localities across 350 km of the Ruppert and Hobbs Coast area of Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica. Paleomagnetic results are presented along with several lines of evidence, including a positive tilt test based on the attitude of circa 117 Ma volcanic rocks that the circa 100 Ma rocks intrude, which argue that these results are a representative estimate of the mid-Cretaceous magnetic field in Marie Byrd Land (MBL). The new circa 100 Ma mean south pole (224.1°E/75.7°S, A_95 = 3.8°, N = 19 site means) is concordant with other West Antarctic results of similar age implying that at least Marie Byrd Land, Thurston Island and the Antarctic Peninsula have not experienced any paleomagnetically resolvable relative motion since the mid-Cretaceous. However, the poles from these Pacific-bordering blocks of West Antarctica are significantly offset from a synthetic apparent polar wander path that was produced for the East Antarctic craton, implying relative movement between East Antarctica and Pacific West Antarctica since about 100 Ma. Though the paleomagnetic estimate for east-west Antarctic relative motion may be reconciled with geologic estimates for extension in the Ross Sea at the extremes of the error envelope, the best paleomagnetic estimate of relative motion suggests a larger amount of total extension between East and West Antarctica (MBL) than previously suspected. Both estimates call for several hundreds of kilometers of post-100 Ma displacement between East Antarctica and the Pacific-bordering blocks of West Antarctica.
title: The Use of Token Reinforcement to Facilitate a Therapeutic Style of Verbal Interaction in Groups of Psychiatric Patients
Creators: name: Martin, Henry G.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1974

description: This study evaluated the use of a token, operant conditioning technique as a treatment procedure in a group setting with chronic, hospitalized, psychiatric patients. Fifteen patients were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and to one control group; each group included five patients. The two experimental groups received tokens during phases of contingent reinforcement for "Therapeutic Responses" and under a yoked-control phase of non-contingent token reinforcement; the sequence of these phases was the major difference between the two experimental groups. The control group met under conditions of no tokens, and the frequency of "Therapeutic Responses" was recorded on those subjects.
"Therapeutic Responses" were characterized as open, confrontive, and problem-solving oriented interaction among group members as defined by Quadrant IV of the Hill Interaction Matrix (HIM).
Results clearly supported the hypotheses that therapeutic responses did occur significantly more frequently and for longer durations in both the experimental groups in the following predicted directions: (1) under conditions of contingent token reinforcement as compared to conditions of non-contingent token reinforcement and to baseline and extinction phases; (2) in both of the experimental groups as compared to the control group. Reversal procedures demonstrated the expected extinction effects.
Also, all three groups were compared on follow-up outcome data which included: (1) pre- and post-test ratings by hospital attendants of the group member's behavior changes on the ward as measured by The Behavioral Adjustment Scale; (2) pre- and post-test scores on the HIM-B (an unpublished instrument based on the HIM measuring attitudes toward group interaction). There were no differential effects among the three groups' MACC Behavioral Adjustment Scale and HIM-B posttest scores.
These results were discussed in respect to the implications of applied research in the area of verbal conditioning, and implications for the treatment of chronic psychiatric patients. Recommendations for future research to examine possible generalization effects were offered.