cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Superconducting d-wave stripes in cuprates: Valence bond order coexisting with nodal quasiparticles
Creators: name: Vojta, Matthias
name: Rösch, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out that unidirectional bond-centered charge-density-wave states in cuprates involve electronic order in both s- and d-wave channels, with non-local Coulomb repulsion suppressing the s-wave component. The resulting bond-charge-density wave, coexisting with superconductivity, is compatible with recent photoemission and tunneling data and as well as neutron-scattering measurements, once long-range order is destroyed by slow fluctuations or glassy disorder. In particular, the real-space structure of d-wave stripes is consistent with the scanning-tunneling-microscopy measurements on both underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x and Ca2-xNaxCuO2Cl2 of Kohsaka et al. [Science 315, 1380 (2007), arXiv:cond-mat/0703309].
description: 5 pages, 3 figs, (v2) final version to be published in PRB
Lambert Klinke, Erzbischof Eduard Profittlich und die katholische Kirche in Estland 1930-1942.
Creators: name: Samerski, Stefan
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2003

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 52 Nr. 2 (2003)
Microcanonical quasi-stationarity of long-range interacting systems in contact with a heat bath
Creators: name: Baldovin, Fulvio
name: Chavanis, Pierre-Henri
name: Orlandini, Enzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of analytical results and molecular dynamics simulations we clarify the nonequilibrium dynamics of a long-range interacting system in contact with a heat bath. For small couplings with the bath, we show that the system can first be trapped in a Vlasov quasi-stationary state, then a microcanonical one follows, and finally canonical equilibrium is reached at the bath temperature. We compare a Langevin mesoscopic thermostat with Hamiltonian reservoirs microscopically coupled with the system and demonstrate the equivalence of the two descriptions. Our identification of the parameters determining the quasi-stationary lifetimes could be exploited to control experimental systems such as the Free Electron Laser, in the presence of external noise or inherent imperfections.
ภาวะผู้นำของผู้บริหารสถานศึกษาตามความคิดเห็นของข้าราชการครู ในสถานศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐาน สังกัดสำนักงานเขตพื้นที่การศึกษาพังงา
Creators: name: กฤติยา ใจหลัก ฟริตช์เจอรัลด์
name: พิชัย ไชยสงคราม
name: วีระ วงศ์สรรค์
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏมหาสารคาม
Year: 2008
Subjects: ภาวะผู้นำ, การศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐาน

description: 1, 2, วารสารมหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏมหาสารคามมนุษยศาสตร์และสังคมศาสตร์
Association study of the MMP1 gene polymorphism with knee osteoarthritis in Thais by high resolution melting (HRM) analysis
Creators: name: Thitiya Poonpet
name: Sittisak Honsawek
name: Nattapol Tammachote
name: Supakit Kanitnate
name: Rachaneekorn Tammachote
Publisher: name: Genetics Society of Thailand
Year: 2013
Subjects: Osteoarthritis, MMP1, SNP, rs1799750, HRM analysis, Thais

description: 2, 6, Thai Journal of Genetics
The formation of a detached shell around the carbon star Y CVn
Creators: name: Libert, Y.
name: Gerard, E.
name: Bertre, T. Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Y CVn is a carbon star surrounded by a detached dust shell that has been imaged by the Infrared Space Observatory at 90 microns. With the Nancay Radio Telescope we have studied the gaseous counterpart in the 21-cm HI emission line. New data have been acquired and allow to improve the signal to noise ratio on this line. The high spectral resolution line profiles obtained at the position of the star and at several offset positions set strong constraints on the gas temperature and kinematics within the detached shell; the bulk of the material should be at ~ 100-200 K and in expansion at ~ 1-2 km/s. In addition, the line profile at the central position shows a quasi-rectangular pedestal that traces an 8 km/s outflow of ~ 1.0 10^-7 Msol/yr, stable for about 2 10^4 years, which corresponds to the central outflow already studied with CO rotational lines. We present a model in which the detached shell results from the slowing-down of the stellar wind by surrounding matter. The inner radius corresponds to the location where the stellar outflow is abruptly slowed down from ~ 8 km/s to 2 km/s (termination shock). The outer radius corresponds to the location where external matter is compressed by the expanding shell (bow shock). In this model the mass loss rate of Y CVn has been set constant, at the same level of 1.0 10^-7 Msol/yr, for ~ 4.5 10^5 years. The gas temperature varies from ~ 1800 K at the inner limit to 165 K at the interface between circumstellar matter and external matter. Our modelling shows that the presence of a detached shell around an AGB star may not mean that a drastic reduction of the mass loss rate has occurred in the past. The inner radius of such a shell might only be the effect of a termination shock rather than of an interruption of the mass loss process.
description: Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Die Entwicklung der ständischen Versammlungen in Livland, Preußen und Polen im Spätmittelalter
Creators: name: Czaja, Roman
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2009

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 58 Nr. 3 (2009): Vorträge der Sektion "Osteuropa" auf dem 37. Deutschen Reichshistorikertag
Minimal conductivity in graphene: interaction corrections and ultraviolet anomaly
Creators: name: Mishchenko, E. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conductivity of a disorder-free intrinsic graphene is studied to the first order in the long-range Coulomb interaction and is found to be σ=σ_0(1+0.01 g), where 'g' is the dimensionless ("fine structure") coupling constant. The calculations are performed using three different methods: i) electron polarization function, ii) Kubo formula for the conductivity, iii) quantum transport equation. Surprisingly, these methods yield different results unless a proper ultraviolet cut-off procedure is implemented, which requires that the interaction potential in the effective Dirac Hamiltonian is cut-off at small distances (large momenta).
description: 5 pages, 1 figure; Reply to the Comment by I.F. Herbut, V. Juricic, O. Vafek, and M.J. Case, "Comment on "Minimal conductivity in graphene: Interaction corrections and ultraviolet anomaly" by Mishchenko E. G.", arXiv:0809.0725, is added in Appendix
Simple models with both baryon and lepton number violation by two units
Creators: name: Helset, Andreas
name: Murgui, Clara
name: Wise, Mark B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct simple renormalizable extensions of the standard model where the leading baryon number violating processes have $ΔB = \pm ΔL = -2$. These models contain additional scalars. The simplest models contain a color singlet and a colored sextet. For such baryon number violation to be observed in experiments, the scalars cannot be much heavier than a few TeV. We find that such models are strongly constrained by LHC physics, LEP physics, and flavor physics.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
Jürgen Osterhammel, Geschichtswissenschaft jenseits des Nationalstaats
Creators: name: Schattkowsky, Ralph
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2002

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 51 Nr. 3 (2002)
Performance evaluation of friction damped braced steel frames under simulated earthquake loads
Creators: name: Filiatrault, André
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis presents the results obtained from qualification tests of a new friction damping system, which has been proposed in order to improve the response of Moment Resisting Frames and Braced Moment Resisting Frames during severe earthquakes. The system basically consists of a special inexpensive mechanism containing friction brake lining pads introduced at the intersection of frame cross-braces. The main objective is to study the performance of a 3 storey Friction Damped Braced Frame model under simulated earthquake loads. The main members of the test frame were chosen from available hot-rolled sections and the mass selected to provide the expected fundamental frequency of a three storey Moment Resisting Frame. The seismic testing was performed on an earthquake simulator table. The experimental results are compared with the findings of an inelastic time-history dynamic analysis. Two different computer models were used for this purpose. The first one is based on an equivalent hysteretic model and is only approximate, since it does not take into account the complete behaviour of the friction devices. A more refined computer model was then developed and the results from the two models are compared. It is found that the simpler approximate model overestimates the energy dissipated by the devices, but the inaccuracy is relatively small (10-20% in resulting member forces). To quantify the performance of the Friction Damped Braced Frame relative to conventional aseismic systems, an equivalent viscous damping study is made. Viscous damping is added to the Moment Resisting Frame and the Braced Moment Resisting Frame until their responses become similar to the response of the Friction Damped Braced Frame. The results show that for this purpose 38% of critical damping must be added to the Moment Resisting Frame and 12% to the Braced Moment Resisting Frame. The new system becomes more efficient as the intensity of the earthquake increases. The economical potential of the new damping system is investigated by designing a reduced size Friction Damped Braced Frame having response characteristics which are similar to those of conventional structural systems with heavier members. For the model frames studied, the results show that if the effects of wind, live and torsion loads are neglected, it is possible to reduce the members sizes of the Friction Damped Braced Frame by 47% and still achieve a superior performance under strong earthquake, in comparison to the seismic response of the two other conventional frames with their original, heavier members. The results, both analytical and experimental, clearly indicate the superior performance of the friction damped braced frame compared to conventional building systems. Even an earthquake record with a peak acceleration of 0.9 g causes no damage to the Friction Damped Braced Frame, while the Moment Resisting Frame and the Braced Moment Resisting frame undergo large inelastic deformations.
The rapidly oscillating Ap star gamma Equ: linear polarization as an enhanced pulsation diagnostic?
Creators: name: Hubrig, S.
name: Jarvinen, S. P.
name: Ilyin, I.
name: Strassmeier, K. G.
name: Schöller, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first short time scale observations of the roAp star gamma Equ in linear polarized light obtained with the PEPSI polarimeter installed at the LBT. These observations are used to search for pulsation variability in Stokes Q and U line profiles belonging to different elements. The atmospheres of roAp stars are significantly stratified with spectral lines of different elements probing different atmospheric depths. roAp stars with strong magnetic fields, such as gamma Equ with a magnetic field modulus of 4kG and a pulsation period of 12.21min, are of special interest because the effect of the magnetic field on the structure of their atmospheres can be studied with greatest detail and accuracy. Our results show that we may detect changes in the transversal field component in Fe I and rare-earth lines possessing large second-order Lande factors. Such variability can be due to the impact of pulsation on the transverse magnetic field, causing changes in the obliquity angles of the magnetic force lines. Further studies of roAp stars in linear polarized light and subsequent detailed modelling are necessary to improve our understanding of the involved physics.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication as a letter to MNRAS
Spin-orbital effects in magnetized quantum wires and spin chains
Creators: name: Gangadharaiah, Suhas
name: Sun, Jianmin
name: Starykh, Oleg A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present analysis of the interacting quantum wire problem in the presence of magnetic field and spin-orbital interaction. We show that an interesting interplay of Zeeman and spin-orbit terms, facilitated by the electron-electron interaction, results in the spin-density wave (SDW) state when the magnetic field and spin-orbit axes are orthogonal. We show that this instability is enhanced in a closely related problem of Heisenberg spin chain with asymmetric uniform Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction. Magnetic field in the direction perpendicular to the DM anisotropy axis results in staggered long-range magnetic order along the orthogonal to the applied field direction. We explore consequences of the uniform DM interaction for the electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements, and point out that they provide way to probe right- and left-moving excitations of the spin chain separately.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures; (v2) 23 pages, 5 figures, Added modified and detailed analysis of the phase diagram; (v3) published version, few misprints corrected
Type IIA AdS4 compactifications on cosets, interpolations and domain walls
Creators: name: Koerber, Paul
name: Lust, Dieter
name: Tsimpis, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a classification of a large class of type IIA N=1 supersymmetric compactifications to AdS4, based on left-invariant SU(3)-structures on coset spaces. In the absence of sources the parameter spaces of all cosets leading to a solution contain regions corresponding to nearly-Kaehler structure. I.e. all these cosets can be viewed as deformations of nearly-Kaehler manifolds. Allowing for (smeared) six-brane/orientifold sources we obtain more possibilities. In the second part of the paper, we use a simple ansatz, which can be applied to all six-dimensional coset manifolds considered here, to construct explicit thick domain wall solutions separating two AdS4 vacua of different radii. We also consider smooth interpolations between AdS4 x M6 and R^{1,2} x M7, where M6 is a nearly-Kaehler manifold and M7 is the G2-holonomy cone over M6.
description: 39 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables; v2: added reference, corrected eqs. (4.12)-(4.14) and (4.25)-(4.27)
Unsupervised Hadronic SUEP at the LHC
Creators: name: Barron, Jared
name: Curtin, David
name: Kasieczka, Gregor
name: Plehn, Tilman
name: Spourdalakis, Aris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Confining dark sectors with pseudo-conformal dynamics produce SUEP, or Soft Unclustered Energy Patterns, at colliders: isotropic dark hadrons with soft and democratic energies. We target the experimental nightmare scenario, SUEPs in exotic Higgs decays, where all dark hadrons decay promptly to SM hadrons. First, we identify three promising observables, the charged particle multiplicity, the event ring isotropy, and the matrix of geometric distances between charged tracks. Their patterns can be exploited through a cut-and-count search, supervised machine learning, or an unsupervised autoencoder. We find that the HL-LHC will probe exotic Higgs branching ratios at the per-cent level, even without a detailed knowledge of the signal features. Our techniques can be applied to other SUEP searches, especially the unsupervised strategy, which is independent of overly specific model assumptions and the corresponding precision simulations.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures + references and appendix v2: Added graph to appendix and fixed typos
Binary-Stripped Stars as Core-Collapse Supernovae Progenitors
Creators: name: Vartanyan, David
name: Laplace, Eva
name: Renzo, Mathieu
name: Götberg, Ylva
name: Burrows, Adam
name: de Mink, Selma E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most massive stars experience binary interactions in their lifetimes that can alter both the surface and core structure of the stripped star with significant effects on their ultimate fate as core-collapse supernovae. However, core-collapse supernovae simulations to date have focused almost exclusively on the evolution of single stars. We present a systematic simulation study of single and binary-stripped stars with the same initial mass as candidates for core-collapse supernovae (11 - 21 M$_{\odot}$). Generally, we find that binary-stripped stars core tend to be less compact, with a more prominent, deeper silicon/oxygen interface, and explode preferentially to the corresponding single stars of the same initial mass. Such a dichotomy of behavior between these two modes of evolution would have important implications for supernovae statistics, including the final neutron star masses, explosion energies, and nucleosynthetic yields. Binary-stripped remnants are also well poised to populate the possible mass gap between the heaviest neutron stars and the lightest black holes. Our work presents an improvement along two fronts, as we self-consistently account for the pre-collapse stellar evolution and the subsequent explosion outcome. Even so, our results emphasize the need for more detailed stellar evolutionary models to capture the sensitive nature of explosion outcome.
description: submitted to ApJ
Analyzing Aggregate IR Use Data from RAMP
Creators: name: Arlitsch, Kenning
name: Wheeler, Jonathan
name: Askey, Dale
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: institutional repositories; analytics; assessment; Repository Analytics and Metrics Portal

description: Data collected from 50 institutional repositories (IR) on various platforms and from around the world will be analyzed for this presentation to demonstrate aggregate IR performance, use, and the visibility of content. The Repository Analytics & Metrics Portal (RAMP) is a free web service developed in 2017 with funding from the Institute of Museum and Library Services. The dataset collected by RAMP currently exceeds 300 million rows and it is the only open aggregate data available to evaluate the visibility and use of IR content, diagnose deficiencies with performance, align content with user needs, and optimize metadata for maximum click-through ratios, among myriad other potential uses. This presentation will address several potential research questions that could help improve IR performance and demonstrate the IR value proposition. Methods for extending the RAMP dataset’s analytic potential through augmentation with complementary, publicly available datasets will be described. The presentation will encourage audience members to register their own repositories with RAMP and/or to consider additional ways to analyze the dataset.
description: Open Repositories 2019, Hamburg, Germany
Dynamical effects of long-range interaction revealed in screened Coulomb interacting ring systems
Creators: name: Yao, Zhenwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the intriguing physical effects of long-range interactions is a common theme in a host of physical systems. In this work, based on the classical screened Coulomb interacting ring model, we investigate the dynamical effects of the long-range interaction from the unique perspective of analyzing the dynamical response of the system to disturbance. We reveal the featured dynamics brought by the long-range interaction, including the efficient transformation of the disturbance into the uniform global rotation of the system, the suppression of the intrinsic noise, and the fast relaxation of particle speed.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Magneto-optic far-infrared study of Sr$_{14}$Cu$_{24}$O$_{41}$: triplet excitations in chains
Creators: name: Hüvonen, D.
name: Nagel, U.
name: Rõõm, T.
name: Haas, P.
name: Dressel, M.
name: Wang, Y. -J.
name: Akimitsu, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using far-infrared spectroscopy we have studied the magnetic field and temperature dependence of the spin gap modes in the chains of Sr$_{14}$Cu$_{24}$O$_{41}$. Two triplet modes T$_1$ and T$_2$ were found in the center of the Brillouin zone at $Δ_1=9.65$ meV and $Δ_2=10.86$ meV in zero magnetic field. The T$_1$ mode was excited when the electric field vector ${\bf E}$ of the light was polarized along the b axis (perpendicular to the planes of chains and ladders) and T$_2$ was excited for ${\bf E}\parallel {\bf a}$ (perpendicular to the chains and along the rungs). Up to the maximum magnetic field of 18 T, applied along the chains, the electron $g$ factors of these two modes were similar, $g_{1c}=2.049$ and $g_{2c}=2.044$. Full linewidth at half maximum for both modes was 1 cm$^{-1}$ (0.12 meV) at 4K and increased with $T$. The temperature dependence of mode energies and line intensities was in agreement with the inelastic neutron scattering results from two groups [Matsuda {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 59}, 1060 (1999) and Regnault {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 59}, 1055 (1999)]. The T$_1$ mode has not been observed by inelastic neutron scattering in the points of the $k$-space equivalent to the center of the Brillouin zone. Our study indicates that the zone structure model of magnetic excitations of Sr$_{14}$Cu$_{24}$O$_{41}$ must be modified to include a triplet mode at 9.65 meV in the center of the magnetic Brillouin zone.
Inter Extreme Points Geodesics for End-to-End Weakly Supervised Image Segmentation
Creators: name: Dorent, Reuben
name: Joutard, Samuel
name: Shapey, Jonathan
name: Kujawa, Aaron
name: Modat, Marc
name: Ourselin, Sebastien
name: Vercauteren, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce $\textit{InExtremIS}$, a weakly supervised 3D approach to train a deep image segmentation network using particularly weak train-time annotations: only 6 extreme clicks at the boundary of the objects of interest. Our fully-automatic method is trained end-to-end and does not require any test-time annotations. From the extreme points, 3D bounding boxes are extracted around objects of interest. Then, deep geodesics connecting extreme points are generated to increase the amount of "annotated" voxels within the bounding boxes. Finally, a weakly supervised regularised loss derived from a Conditional Random Field formulation is used to encourage prediction consistency over homogeneous regions. Extensive experiments are performed on a large open dataset for Vestibular Schwannoma segmentation. $\textit{InExtremIS}$ obtained competitive performance, approaching full supervision and outperforming significantly other weakly supervised techniques based on bounding boxes. Moreover, given a fixed annotation time budget, $\textit{InExtremIS}$ outperforms full supervision. Our code and data are available online.
description: Early accept at MICCAI 2021 - code available at: https://github.com/ReubenDo/InExtremIS
Pairing in ultracold Fermi gases in the lowest Landau level
Creators: name: Moller, G.
name: Jolicoeur, Th.
name: Regnault, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a rapidly rotating gas of unpolarized spin-1/2 ultracold fermions in the two-dimensional regime when all atoms reside in the lowest Landau level. Due to the presence of the spin degree of freedom both s-wave and p-wave interactions are allowed at ultralow temperatures. We investigate the phase diagram of this system as a function of the filling factor in the lowest Landau level and in terms of the ratio between s- and p-wave interaction strengths. We show that the presence of attractive interactions induces a wide regime of phase separation with formation of maximally compact droplets that are either fully polarized or composed of spin-singlets. In the regime with no phase separation, we give evidence for fractional quantum Hall states. Most notably, we find two distinct singlet states at the filling nu =2/3 for different interactions. One of these states is accounted for by the composite fermion theory while the other one is a paired state for which we identify two competing descriptions with different topological structure. This paired state may be an Abelian liquid of composite spin-singlet Bose molecules with Laughlin correlations. Alternatively, it may be a known non-Abelian paired state, indicated by good overlaps with the corresponding trial wavefunction. By fine tuning of the scattering lengths it is possible to create the non-Abelian critical Haldane-Rezayi state for nu =1/2 and the permanent state of Moore and Read for nu =1. For purely repulsive interactions, we also find evidence for a gapped Halperin state at nu=2/5.
description: 12 pages, 9 figs (best viewed in color), published version with additional evidence for a non-Abelian spin singlet state at filling nu=2/3
Competition from Within: Ethnicity, Power, and Militant Group Rivalry
Creators: name: Conrad, Justin
name: Greene, Kevin T.
name: Phillips, Brian J.
name: Daly, Samantha
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Why do militant groups turn on each other? This behavior is somewhat puzzling, since such groups are often on the same side of a conflict. A growing body of literature seeks to understand political violence by looking at cooperative and competitive relationships among non-state actors. Debates continue about the sources of militant group rivalry. We argue that shared motivations, especially ethnic motivations, along with power differences among groups should help explain inter-group fighting. Our analysis uses new dyadic data on rivalry among the militant groups of Africa and Asia since 1990. Unlike some previous studies, we analyze both terrorist and insurgent organizations. Results suggest that pairs of groups with a shared ethnic identity are more likely than others to have rivalrous relationships. Power asymmetry is also somewhat associated with rivalry, but interaction models indicate that the association is only statistically significant in the presence of shared ethnic motivations.
Reliability of floors under impact vibration
Creators: name: Gupta, Ashwani
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Floor vibration is a serviceability limit state problem as opposed to limit state of collapse. People find excessive vibrations annoying and it leads to unacceptable floor performance. Improvements in design techniques and use of higher strength materials have made floors lighter and more sensitive to vibrations. The existing code" criteria for limiting floor deflection are not satisfactory as they do not relate to human perception of vibrations. A finite element computer program is developed for a rational analysis of floor vibrations due to human footfall impact. The approach followed in the solution is to use a Fourier series expansion of displacement functions along the span and a finite element approximation in the transverse direction. A time step analysis is followed to obtain the floor's dynamic response at any point on the floor due to footfall impact elsewhere. A sensitivity analysis is done to study the effect of various floor parameters on floor performance. A reliability study of floor performance as affected by variability of joist stiffness is made by simulation. Floors simulated by randomly selecting joists from a population are analyzed and vibration response ratings are obtained by relating the response to human perception criteria. The probability of people rating the floor as of a certain performance level is predicted. Based on the reliability analysis, allowable spans and allowable deflections for a certain level of floor performance and a target reliability are proposed.
Why Some Rebel Organizations Attack Americans
Creators: name: Asal, Victor
name: Linebarger, Christopher
name: Jadoon, Amira
name: Greig, J. Michael
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Hating America – and attacking Americans – can seem like a mandatory activity for rebels; yet, only a minority of rebel groups actually harm Americans. Under what circumstances do rebel groups target Americans? To answer these questions, we leverage the Big Allied And Dangerous 2 data – Insurgency subsample (BAAD2-I). Our model focuses on two classes of rebel motives: direct and indirect. Direct motives are those in which Americans play a central role in rebel group grievances. They include ideology, deployment of American troops, and American support for rebels’ government-based opponents. Indirect motives are those that encourage anti-American attacks because of their powerful symbolic value. This distinction speaks to ongoing policy debates within the United States about the most effective policy instruments to defeat extremism abroad. Contrary to common perceptions, we find that attacks on Americans are unrelated to group ideology. Instead, deployment of American troops and military assistance is positively associated with attacks on Americans, as is economic penetration. Conversely, rebel groups in countries with substantial exports to the US or featuring a long-term presence of American cultural artifacts are less likely to attack Americans. Our findings highlight the value of a ‘soft power’ orientation in American foreign policy.
Two Extreme Steep-Spectrum, Polarized Radio Sources Towards the Galactic Bulge
Creators: name: Hyman, S. D.
name: Frail, D. A.
name: Deneva, J. S.
name: Kassim, N. E.
name: Giacintucci, S.
name: Kooi, J. E.
name: Lazio, T. J. W.
name: Joyner, I.
name: Peters, W. M.
name: Gajjar, V.
name: Siemion, A. P. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From an on-going survey of the Galactic bulge, we have discovered a number of compact, steep spectrum radio sources. In this present study we have carried out more detailed observations for two of these sources, located 43 arcmin and 12.7 deg from the Galactic Center. Both sources have a very steep spectrum (alpha ~ -3) and are compact, with upper limits on the angular size of 1-2 arcsec. Their flux densities appear to be relatively steady on timescales of years, months, and hours, with no indications of rapid variability or transient behavior. We detect significant circularly polarized emission from both sources, but only weak or upper limits on linear polarization. Neither source has a counterpart at other wavelengths and deep, high-frequency searches fail to find pulsations. We compare their source properties with other known compact, non-thermal source populations in the bulge (e.g. X-ray binaries, magnetars, the Burper, cataclysmic variables). Our existing data support the hypothesis that they are scatter broadened millisecond or recycled pulsars, either at the bulge or along the line of sight. We also consider the possibility that they may be a new population of Galactic radio sources which share similar properties as pulsars but lack pulsations; a hypothesis that can be tested by future large-scale synoptic surveys.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to MNRAS
Measurement of Hybrid Rocket Solid Fuel Regression Rate for a Slab Burner using Deep Learning
Creators: name: Surina, Gabriel
name: Georgalis, Georgios
name: Aphale, Siddhant S.
name: Patra, Abani
name: DesJardin, Paul E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This study presents an imaging-based deep learning tool to measure the fuel regression rate in a 2D slab burner experiment for hybrid rocket fuels. The slab burner experiment is designed to verify mechanistic models of reacting boundary layer combustion in hybrid rockets by the measurement of fuel regression rates. A DSLR camera with a high intensity flash is used to capture images throughout the burn and the images are then used to find the fuel boundary to calculate the regression rate. A U-net convolutional neural network architecture is explored to segment the fuel from the experimental images. A Monte-Carlo Dropout process is used to quantify the regression rate uncertainty produced from the network. The U-net computed regression rates are compared with values from other techniques from literature and show error less than 10%. An oxidizer flux dependency study is performed and shows the U-net predictions of regression rates are accurate and independent of the oxidizer flux, when the images in the training set are not over-saturated. Training with monochrome images is explored and is not successful at predicting the fuel regression rate from images with high noise. The network is superior at filtering out noise introduced by soot, pitting, and wax deposition on the chamber glass as well as the flame when compared to traditional image processing techniques, such as threshold binary conversion and spatial filtering. U-net consistently provides low error image segmentations to allow accurate computation of the regression rate of the fuel.
FIREWORKS U38-to-24 micron photometry of the GOODS-CDFS: multi-wavelength catalog and total IR properties of distant Ks-selected galaxies
Creators: name: Wuyts, Stijn
name: Labbe, Ivo
name: Schreiber, Natascha M. Forster
name: Franx, Marijn
name: Rudnick, Gregory
name: Brammer, Gabriel B.
name: van Dokkum, Pieter G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Ks-selected catalog, dubbed FIREWORKS, for the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS) containing photometry in U_38, B_435, B, V, V_606, R, i_775, I, z_850, J, H, Ks, [3.6 um], [4.5 um], [5.8 um], [8.0 um], and the MIPS [24 um] band. The imaging has a typical Ks limit of 24.3 mag (5 sigma, AB) and coverage over 113 arcmin^2 in all bands and 138 arcmin^2 in all bands but H. We cross-correlate our catalog with the 1 Ms X-ray catalog by Giacconi et al. (2002) and with all available spectroscopic redshifts to date. We find and explain systematic differences in a comparison with the 'z_850 + Ks'-selected GOODS-MUSIC catalog that covers ~90% of the field. We exploit the U38-to-24 micron photometry to determine which Ks-selected galaxies at 1.5
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, 20 pages, 10 figures, reference to website corrected
Extracting the 21 cm EoR signal using MWA drift scan data
Creators: name: Patwa, Akash Kumar
name: Sethi, Shiv
name: Dwarakanath, K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of redshifted hyperfine line of neutral hydrogen (HI) is the most promising probe of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). We report an analysis of 55 hours of Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) Phase II drift scan EoR data. The data correspond to a central frequency $ν_0 = 154.24 \, \rm MHz$ ($z\simeq 8.2$ for the redshifted HI hyperfine line) and bandwidth $B = 10.24 \, \rm MHz$. As one expects greater system stability in a drift scan, we test the system stability by comparing the extracted power spectra from data with noise simulations and show that the power spectra for the cleanest data behave as thermal noise. We compute the HI power spectrum as a function of time in one and two dimensions. The best upper limit on the one-dimensional power spectrum are: $Δ^2(k) \simeq (1000~\rm mK)^2$ at $k \simeq 0.2$$h~{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ and at $k \simeq 1$$h~{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$. The cleanest modes, which might be the most suited for obtaining the optimal signal-to-noise, correspond to $k \gtrsim 1$$h~{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$. We also study the time-dependence of the foreground-dominated modes in a drift scan and compare with the expected behaviour.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Dynamical Systems On Three Manifolds Part II: 3-Manifolds,Heegaard Splittings and Three-Dimensional Systems
Creators: name: Song, Yi
name: Banks, Stephen P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37E30; 37C10

description: The global behaviour of nonlinear systems is extremely important in control and systems theory since the usual local theories will only give information about a system in some neighbourhood of an operating point. Away from that point, the system may have totally different behaviour and so the theory developed for the local system will be useless for the global one. In this paper we shall consider the analytical and topological structure of systems on 2- and 3- manifolds and show that it is possible to obtain systems with 'arbitrarily strange' behaviour, i.e., arbitrary numbers of chaotic regimes which are knotted and linked in arbitrary ways. We shall do this by considering Heegaard Splittings of these manifolds and the resulting systems defined on the boundaries.
description: 15 pages with 9 pictures. Accepted by Int. J. of Bifurcation and Chaos
Leopold von Andrian (1875-1951). Korrespondenzen, Notizen, Essays, Berichte
Creators: name: Maner, Hans-Christian
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2003

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 52 Nr. 4 (2003)
Asymmetric random walks with bias generated by discrete-time counting processes
Creators: name: Michelitsch, Thomas M.
name: Polito, Federico
name: Riascos, Alejandro P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new class of asymmetric random walks on the one-dimensional infinite lattice. In this walk the direction of the jumps (positive or negative) is determined by a discrete-time renewal process which is independent of the jumps. We call this discrete-time counting process the `it generator process' of the walk. We refer the so defined walk to as `Asymmetric Discrete-Time Random Walk' (ADTRW). We highlight connections of the waiting-time density generating functions with Bell polynomials. We derive the discrete-time renewal equations governing the time-evolution of the ADTRW and analyze recurrent/transient features of simple ADTRWs (walks with unit jumps in both directions). We explore the connections of the recurrence/transience with the bias: Transient simple ADTRWs are biased and vice verse. Recurrent simple ADTRWs are either unbiased in the large time limit or `strictly unbiased' at all times with symmetric Bernoulli generator process. In this analysis we highlight the connections of bias and light-tailed/fat-tailed features of the waiting time density in the generator process. As a prototypical example with fat-tailed feature we consider the ADTRW with Sibuya distributed waiting times. We also introduce time-changed versions: We subordinate the ADTRW to a continuous-time renewal process which is independent from the generator process and the jumps to define the new class of `Asymmetric Continuous Time Random Walk' (ACTRW). This new class - apart of some special cases - is not a Montroll--Weiss continuous-time random walk (CTRW). ADTRW and ACTRW models may open large interdisciplinary fields in anomalous transport, birth-death models and others.
The lens SW05 J143454.4+522850: a fossil group at redshift 0.6?
Creators: name: Denzel, Philipp
name: Çatmabacak, Onur
name: Coles, Jonathan P.
name: Cornen, Claude
name: Feldmann, Robert
name: Ferreras, Ignacio
name: Palmer, Xanthe Gwyn
name: Küng, Rafael
name: Leier, Dominik
name: Saha, Prasenjit
name: Verma, Aprajita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fossil groups are considered the end product of natural galaxy group evolution in which group members sink towards the centre of the gravitational potential due to dynamical friction, merging into a single, massive, and X-ray bright elliptical. Since gravitational lensing depends on the mass of a foreground object, its mass concentration, and distance to the observer, we can expect lensing effects of such fossil groups to be particularly strong. This paper explores the exceptional system $\mathrm{J}143454.4+522850$. We combine gravitational lensing with stellar population-synthesis to separate the total mass of the lens into stars and dark matter. The enclosed mass profiles are contrasted with state-of-the-art galaxy formation simulations, to conclude that SW05 is likely a fossil group with a high stellar to dark matter mass fraction $0.027\pm0.003$ with respect to expectations from abundance matching $0.012\pm0.004$, indicative of a more efficient conversion of gas into stars in fossil groups.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Modeling the Infrared Bow Shock at delta Velorum: Implications for Studies of Debris Disks and lambda Bootis Stars
Creators: name: Gáspár, A.
name: Su, K. Y. L.
name: Rieke, G. H.
name: Balog, Z.
name: Kamp, I.
name: Martínez-Galarza, J. R.
name: Stapelfeldt, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have discovered a bow shock shaped mid-infrared excess region in front of delta Velorum using 24 micron observations obtained with the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS). The excess has been classified as a debris disk from previous infrared observations. Although the bow shock morphology was only detected in the 24 micron observations, its excess was also resolved at 70 micron. We show that the stellar heating of an ambient interstellar medium (ISM) cloud can produce the measured flux. Since delta Velorum was classified as a debris disk star previously, our discovery may call into question the same classification of other stars. We model the interaction of the star and ISM, producing images that show the same geometry and surface brightness as is observed. The modeled ISM is 15 times overdense relative to the average Local Bubble value, which is surprising considering the close proximity (24 pc) of delta Velorum. The abundance anomalies of lambda Bootis stars have been previously explained as arising from the same type of interaction of stars with the ISM. Low resolution optical spectra of delta Velorum show that it does not belong to this stellar class. The star therefore is an interesting testbed for the ISM accretion theory of the lambda Bootis phenomenon.
description: 11 pages, 1 table and 13 figures, emulateapj; Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Dark spinor inflation -- theory primer and dynamics
Creators: name: Boehmer, Christian G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inflation driven by a single dark spinor field is discussed. We define the notion of a dark spinor field and derive the cosmological field equations for such a matter source. The conditions for inflation are determined and an exactly solvable model is presented. We find the power spectrum of the quantum fluctuation of this field and compare the results with scalar field inflation.
description: 13 pages; typo in Eq. (12) corrected, minor improvements
An interview method for engaging personal data
Creators: name: Moore, Jimmy
name: Goffin, Pascal
name: Wiese, Jason
name: Meyer, Miriah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.1.2; H.1.0; H.5.0; H.5.1; H.5; K.3; K.3.0; K.3.1; J.3

description: Whether investigating research questions or designing systems, many researchers and designers need to engage users with their personal data. However, it is difficult to successfully design user-facing tools for interacting with personal data without first understanding what users want to do with their data. Techniques for raw data exploration, sketching, or physicalization can avoid the perils of tool development, but prevent direct analytical access to users' rich personal data. We present a new method that directly tackles this challenge: the data engagement interview. This interview method incorporates an analyst to provide real-time personal data analysis, granting interview participants the opportunity to directly engage with their data, and interviewers to observe and ask questions throughout this engagement. We describe the method's development through a case study with asthmatic participants, share insights and guidance from our experience, and report a broad set of insights from these interviews.
description: 22 pages, 3 figures, submitted to The Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT) December 2021