cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supplementary document for Reduced Rank Photonic Computing Accelerator - 6491344.pdf
Creators: name: Aggarwal, Samarth
name: dong, Bowei
name: Feldmann, Johannes
name: Farmakidis, Nikolaos
name: Pernice, Wolfram
name: Bhaskaran, Harish
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental Materials
Alternative inversion strategies to resistivity data for targets with sharp boundaries
Creators: name: Elwaseif, Mehrez H.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2012

description: Estimating the geometry and resistivity of archeological structures using resistivity models produced as a result of applying smoothness constraints in most inversion algorithms is difficult, especially when structures are closely spaced. However, such quantification is important to facilitate conservation and to minimize the potential of damage when excavations are undertaken. Alternative inversion approaches more appropriate for imaging such targets require either a priori information about the subsurface (e.g. disconnected inversion) or require two or more geophysical datasets to be collected at the same site (e.g. joint inversion). The research outlined in this dissertation presents three novel approaches to improve resistivity imaging of discrete targets without the need to incorporate a priori information in the inversion. The first approach combines an initial 2D smoothness constraint inversion coupled with a digital image processing technique known as a watershed algorithms and a second inversion step incorporating a disconnect in the regularization based on the output of the watershed algorithm. This approach has improved estimate of the geometries of individual targets, but it was not very effective at predicting the resistivity of the targets or resolving closely spaced targets. The second approach combines an initial 2D smoothness constraint inversion coupled with the watershed algorithm and a trained Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Although this approach has been proven effective for resolving widely and closely spaced archeological targets, the results depend largely on the quality of ANN training and on the accuracy of the watershed algorithm geometry prediction. Finally, the third strategy is an iterative approach that combines an initial 3D smoothness constraint inversion that is used only at the first iteration to recover a resistivity model that is fairly consistent with the measured data, from which an initial target location is estimated using an edge detector method and from which a disconnect in the inversion is identified. The disconnect defining the target outline is then progressively improved following each iteration of the inverse procedure. This approach has been proven more effective for resolving widely and closely spaced archeological targets over other approaches, but it is partially sensitive to artifacts in the initial smoothness constraint model.
Excess noise and photo-induced effects in highly reflective crystalline mirror coatings
Creators: name: Yu, Jialiang
name: Kedar, Dhruv
name: Häfner, Sebastian
name: Legero, Thomas
name: Riehle, Fritz
name: Herbers, Sofia
name: Nicolodi, Daniele
name: Ma, Chun Yu
name: Robinson, John M.
name: Oelker, Eric
name: Ye, Jun
name: Sterr, Uwe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermodynamically induced length fluctuations of high-reflectivity mirror coatings put a fundamental limit on sensitivity and stability of precision optical interferometers like gravitational wave detectors and ultra-stable lasers. The main contribution - Brownian thermal noise - is related to the mechanical loss of the coating material. Owing to their low mechanical losses, Al\textsubscript{0.92}Ga\textsubscript{0.08}As/GaAs crystalline mirror coatings are expected to reduce this limit. At room temperature they have demonstrated lower Brownian thermal noise than with conventional amorphous coatings. %However, no detailed study on the noise constituents from these coatings in optical interferometers has been conducted. We present a detailed study on the spatial and temporal noise properties of such coatings by using them in two independent cryogenic silicon optical Fabry-Perot resonators operated at 4 K, 16 K and 124 K. We confirm the expected low Brownian thermal noise, but also discover two new noise sources that exceed the Brownian noise: birefringent noise that can be canceled via polarization averaging and global excess noise (10 dB above Brownian noise). These new noise contributions are a barrier to improving ultra-stable lasers and the related performance of atomic clocks, and potentially limit the sensitivity of third-generation gravitational wave detectors. Hence, they must be considered carefully in precision interferometry experiments using similar coatings based on semiconductor materials.
Enhanced heralded single-photon source with a photon-number-resolving parallel superconducting nanowire single-photon detector
Creators: name: Stasi, Lorenzo
name: Caspar, Patrik
name: Brydges, Tiff
name: Zbinden, Hugo
name: Bussières, Félix
name: Thew, Rob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heralded single-photon sources (HSPS) intrinsically suffer from multiphoton emission, leading to a trade-off between the source's quality and the heralding rate. A solution to this problem is to use photon-number-resolving (PNR) detectors to filter out the heralding events where more than one photon pair is created. Here, we demonstrate the use of a high-efficiency PNR superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) as a heralding detector for a HSPS. By filtering out higher-order heralding detections, we can reduce the $g^{(2)}(0)$ of the heralded single photon by $(26.6 \pm 0.2)\,\%$, or alternatively, for a fixed pump power, increasing the heralding rate by a factor of $1.363 \pm 0.004$ for a fixed $g^{(2)}(0)$. Additionally, we use the detector to directly measure the photon-number distribution of a thermal mode and calculate the unheralded $g^{(2)}(0)$. We show the possibility to perform $g^{(2)}(0)$ measurements with only one PNR detector, with the results in agreement with those obtained by more common-place techniques which use multiple threshold detectors. Our work shows that efficient PNR SNSPDs can significantly improve the performance of HSPSs and can precisely characterize them, making these detectors a useful tool for a wide range of optical quantum information protocols.
Science Update: Social Science Indicators for the Narragansett Bay Estuary Program
Creators: name: Estuary Program, Narragansett Bay
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Environment and resource economics

description: PURPOSE This report describes the outcome of a year-long Social Science Working Group effort to understand and consider the application of social science data available in the Narragansett Bay Estuary Program study areas. The working group met to discuss social science data and explore indicators to characterize the interactions between natural environment and people in the region. The approach detailed below will be implemented by the Narragansett Bay Estuary Program with the support of the Social Science Working Group and the Science Advisory Committee.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document contains four new indicators that are candidates for addition to NBEP’s list of 24 indicators used to describe the status and trends in the Narragansett Bay Region. The creation and development of these indicators is due to the consistent engagement of NBEP’s Social Science Working Group and the Science Advisory Committee who participated in these discussions and provided fruitful feedback.
 FUNDING  The Narragansett Bay Estuary Program is supported by agreement CE00A00967 awarded by the EPA to Rogers William University (RWU) under section 320 of the Clean Water Act.
 Although the information in this document has been developed with support from the EPA, it has not undergone the EPA’s publications review process and therefore, may not reflect the views of EPA and no official endorsement is inferred. The viewpoints expressed do not necessarily represent those of RWU or EPA. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or causes do not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
Study of the $^{22}$Mg waiting point relevant for x-ray burst nucleosynthesis via the $^{22}$Mg($α$,$p$)$^{25}$Al reaction
Creators: name: Jayatissa, H.
name: Avila, M. L.
name: Rehm, K. E.
name: Mohr, P.
name: Meisel, Z.
name: Chen, J.
name: Hoffman, C. R.
name: Liang, J.
name: Müller-Gatermann, C.
name: Neto, D.
name: Ong, W. J.
name: Psaltis, A.
name: Santiago-Gonzalez, D.
name: Tang, T. L.
name: Ugalde, C.
name: Wilson, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $^{22}$Mg($α$,$p$)$^{25}$Al reaction rate has been identified as a major source of uncertainty for understanding the nucleosynthesis flow in Type-I x-ray bursts (XRBs). We report a direct measurement of the energy- and angle-integrated cross sections of this reaction in a 3.3-6.9 MeV center-of-mass energy range using the MUlti-Sampling Ionization Chamber (MUSIC). The new $^{22}$Mg($α$,$p$)$^{25}$Al reaction rate is a factor of $\sim$4 higher than the previous direct measurement of this reaction within temperatures relevant for XRBs, resulting in the $^{22}$Mg waiting point of x-ray burst nucleosynthesis flow to be significantly bypassed via the ($α,p$) reaction
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Science Update: Social Science Indicators for the Narragansett Bay Estuary Program
Creators: name: Estuary Program, Narragansett Bay
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Environment and resource economics

description: This report describes the outcome of a year-long Social Science Working Group effort to understand and consider the application of social science data available in the Narragansett Bay Estuary Program study areas. The working group met to discuss social science data and explore indicators to characterize the interactions between natural environment and people in the region. The approach detailed below will be implemented by the Narragansett Bay Estuary Program with the support of the Social Science Working Group and the Science Advisory Committee.
Psychisch erkrankte Mitarbeiter*innen und der Beitrag der Betrieblichen Sozialen Arbeit an Früherkennung und Frühintervention
Creators: name: Zimmermann, Andrea
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Bis zu einem Drittel der gesamten Bevölkerung der Schweiz leidet im Laufe eines Jahres an einer psychischen Erkrankung. Ein Grossteil der Betroffenen ist erwerbstätig. Untersuchungen zeigen dementsprechend auf, dass Führungskräfte häufig mit psychisch auffälligen Arbeitnehmenden in Kontakt kommen. Ungeachtet dessen, erkennen sie die Schwierigkeiten der Betroffenen oft zu spät und bringen sie nicht mit einer psychischen Erkrankung in Verbindung. Zudem sind Führungskräfte im Umgang mit den erkrankten Arbeitnehmenden meist überfordert, während Arbeitnehmende Stigmatisierung und Kündigung befürchten. Im Krankheitsverlauf kommt es deshalb schon früh zu interpersonellen Schwierigkeiten am Arbeitsplatz. Schlussendlich dient den Arbeitgebenden die Kündigung der betroffenen Mitarbeitenden in einem Grossteil der Fälle als Problemlösung. In der vorliegenden Literaturarbeit wird der Frage nachgegangen, welchen Beitrag die Betriebliche Soziale Arbeit an Früherkennung und Frühintervention bei psychisch erkrankten Mitarbeiter*innen leisten kann. Ausgangspunkt bildet die Auseinandersetzung mit psychischer Erkrankung und Belastung sowie die theoretische Einordnung der Früherkennung und Frühintervention. Anhand verschiedener Studien werden die Auswirkungen auf die Arbeitsbeziehungen aufgezeigt und die Interventionen und Problemlösungsversuche der Führungskräfte beleuchtet. Anhand eines Modells aus dem betrieblichen Gesundheitsmanagement und Beispielen aus Unternehmen wird aufgezeigt, welche Früherkennungs- und Frühinterventionsmassnahmen in der Praxis umgesetzt werden. Im Anschluss werden Handlungsempfehlungen für die Betriebliche Soziale Arbeit im Rahmen der Früherkennung und Frühintervention formuliert. Früherkennung und Frühintervention ist von entscheidender Bedeutung, sollen psychisch erkrankte Personen im Arbeitsmarkt gehalten und die Belastung aller Beteiligten reduziert werden.
description: + Code Diss LU: hslusa basa be + Fussnote: Bachelor-Arbeit, Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit, Studienrichtung Sozialarbeit, 2023 + NL-Code: NLLUHSA202302
Decomposition of Probability Marginals for Security Games in Max-Flow/Min-Cut Systems
Creators: name: Matuschke, Jannik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a set system $(E, \mathcal{P})$ with $ρ\in [0, 1]^E$ and $π\in [0,1]^{ \mathcal{P}}$, our goal is to find a probability distribution for a random set $S \subseteq E$ such that $\operatorname{Pr}[e \in S] = ρ_e$ for all $e \in E$ and $\operatorname{Pr}[P \cap S \neq \emptyset] \geq π_P$ for all $P \in \mathcal{P}$. We extend the results of Dahan, Amin, and Jaillet (MOR 2022) who studied this problem motivated by a security game in a directed acyclic graph (DAG). We focus on the setting where $π$ is of the affine form $π_P = 1 - \sum_{e \in P} μ_e$ for $μ\in [0, 1]^E$. A necessary condition for the existence of the desired distribution is that $\sum_{e \in P} ρ_e \geq π_P$ for all $P \in \mathcal{P}$. We show that this condition is sufficient if and only if $\mathcal{P}$ has the weak max-flow/min-cut property. We further provide an efficient combinatorial algorithm for computing the corresponding distribution in the special case where $(E, \mathcal{P})$ is an abstract network. As a consequence, equilibria for the security game by Dahan et al. can be efficiently computed in a wide variety of settings (including arbitrary digraphs). As a subroutine of our algorithm, we provide a combinatorial algorithm for computing shortest paths in abstract networks, partially answering an open question by McCormick (SODA 1996). We further show that a conservation law proposed by Dahan et al. for the requirement vector $π$ in DAGs can be reduced to the setting of affine requirements described above.
description: A preliminary version of this work has appeared in the proceedings of IPCO 2023 under the title "Decomposition of Probability Marginals for Security Games in Abstract Networks"
The Search for Faint Radio Supernova Remnants in the Outer Galaxy: Five New Discoveries
Creators: name: Gerbrandt, Stephanie
name: Foster, Tyler J.
name: Kothes, Roland
name: Geisbuesch, Joern
name: Tung, Albert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High resolution and sensitivity large-scale radio surveys of the Milky Way are critical in the discovery of very low surface brightness supernova remnants (SNRs), which may constitute a significant portion of the Galactic SNRs still unaccounted for (ostensibly the Missing SNR problem). The overall purpose here is to present the results of a systematic, deep data-mining of the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (CGPS) for faint, extended non-thermal and polarized emission structures that are likely the shells of uncatalogued supernova remnants. We examine 5$\times$5 degree mosaics from the entire 1420 MHz continuum and polarization dataset of the CGPS after removing unresolved point sources and subsequently smoothing them. Newly revealed extended emission objects are compared to similarly-prepared CGPS 408 MHz continuum mosaics, as well as to source-removed mosaics from various existing radio surveys at 4.8 GHz, 2.7 GHz, and 327 MHz, to identify candidates with non-thermal emission characteristics. We integrate flux densities at each frequency to characterise the radio spectra behaviour of these candidates. We further look for mid- and high-frequency (1420 MHz, 4.8 GHz) ordered polarized emission from the limb brightened shell-like continuum features that the candidates sport. Finally, we use IR and optical maps to provide additional backing evidence. Here we present evidence that five new objects, identified as filling all or some of the criteria above, are strong candidates for new SNRs. These five are designated by their Galactic coordinate names G108.5+11.0, G128.5+2.6, G149.5+3.2, G150.8+3.8, and G160.1$-$1.1. These discoveries represent a significant increase in the number of SNRs known in the outer Galaxy second quadrant of longitude (90$^{\circ} \leq \ell \leq $180$^{\circ}$).
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, accepted May 2014 for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
title: Current Risk Reporting Practices in Saudi Arabia: An Institutional Perspective
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Alsahlawi, Rawan M.
Publisher: name: University of Dundee
Year: 2022

description: The increasing complexity of the business environment, together with the increased globalisation of financial and product markets, have increased stakeholders’ needs for information and the demand for companies to enhance their financial reporting practices (Kothari, 2000; Dominguez and Gamez, 2014; Elshandidy et al., 2018). Indeed, reporting on financial instruments risk is an important element that companies should provide in their annual reports because of its impact on a company’s financial position (Taylor et al., 2010; Tahat, 2014; Tauringana and Chithambo, 2016; Thai and Birt, 2019). This study introduces new theoretical arguments to show the influence of the institutional processes on companies’ decisions to report risk information. This research combines Oliver’s (1991) framework and the institutional logics concept proposed by Thornton et al. (2012) to the field of corporate reporting practices. This combination enhances the explanatory power of Oliver’s (1991) framework by incorporating the broader belief system in examining companies’ willingness to conform to, or resist, institutional pressures (Guerreiro et al., 2012).

The disclosure index that was utilised to analyse the annual reports of a sample of 104 Saudi-listed companies provided evidence that illustrated the variation in risk reporting; that is, heterogeneity in risk reporting practices was prevalent amongst Saudi-listed companies. Moreover, a multivariate regression analysis identified four institutional determinants that influenced the extent of risk reporting practices: legitimacy, consistency, coercion and diffusion. This finding supports the presence of multiple logics in shaping risk reporting practices, such as corporation logics, professional logics and state logics. The findings from a series of fifteen semi-structured interviews on risk reporting practices largely supported the findings obtained from the statistical analysis. In particular, the findings indicated that the interviewees acknowledged the importance of different categories of risk reporting, although the relative importance attached to report different risk categories was a primary concern. The perceptions of the interviewees regarding the institutional influence of legitimacy, consistency, coercion and diffusion on risk reporting matched the multivariate regression analysis results. However, the findings from the interviews provided a deeper understanding about the institutional influences on risk reporting and identified institutional multiplicity and discretionary constraints as important factors influencing the extent of risk reporting practices, which supports the presence of family and professional logics.
Solar Energetic Particles and Associated EIT Disturbances in Solar Cycle 23
Creators: name: Miteva, R.
name: Klein, K. -L.
name: Kienreich, I.
name: Temmer, M.
name: Veronig, A.
name: Malandraki, O. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the link between solar energetic particles (SEPs) observed at 1 AU and large-scale disturbances propagating in the solar corona, named after the Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) as EIT waves, which trace the lateral expansion of a coronal mass ejection (CME). A comprehensive search for SOHO/EIT waves was carried out for 179 SEP events during Solar Cycle 23 (1997-2006). 87% of the SEP events were found to be accompanied by EIT waves. In order to test if the EIT waves play a role in the SEP acceleration, we compared their extrapolated arrival time at the footpoint of the Parker spiral with the particle onset in the 26 eastern SEP events that had no direct magnetic connection to the Earth. We find that the onset of proton events was generally consistent with this scenario. However, in a number of cases the first near-relativistic electrons were detected too early. Furthermore, the electrons had in general only weakly anisotropic pitch-angle distributions. This poses a problem for the idea that the SEPs were accelerated by the EIT wave or in any other spatially confined region in the low corona. The presence of weak electron anisotropies in SEP events from the eastern hemisphere suggests that transport processes in interplanetary space, including cross-field diffusion, play a role in giving the SEPs access to a broad range of helio-longitudes.
Braid Protected Topological Band Structures with Unpaired Exceptional Points
Creators: name: König, J. Lukas K.
name: Yang, Kang
name: Budich, Jan Carl
name: Bergholtz, Emil J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the existence of topologically stable unpaired exceptional points (EPs), and construct simple non-Hermitian (NH) tight-binding models exemplifying such remarkable nodal phases. While fermion doubling, i.e. the necessity of compensating the topological charge of a stable nodal point by an anti-dote, rules out a direct counterpart of our findings in the realm of Hermitian semimetals, here we derive how noncommuting braids of complex energy levels may stabilize unpaired EPs. Drawing on this insight, we reveal the occurrence of a single, unpaired EP, manifested as a non-Abelian monopole in the Brillouin zone of a minimal three-band model. This third-order degeneracy represents a sweet spot within a larger topological phase that cannot be fully gapped by any local perturbation. Instead, it may only split into simpler (second-order) degeneracies that can only gap out by pairwise annihilation after having moved around inequivalent large circles of the Brillouin zone. Our results imply the incompleteness of a topological classification based on winding numbers, due to non-Abelian representations of the braid group intertwining three or more complex energy levels, and provide insights into the topological robustness of non-Hermitian systems and their non-Abelian phase transitions.
description: 5+7 pages, 3+3 figures
Critical quantum metrology assisted by real-time feedback control
Creators: name: Salvia, Raffaele
name: Mehboudi, Mohammad
name: Perarnau-Llobet, Martí
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate critical quantum metrology,that is the estimation of parameters in many-body systems close to a quantum critical point, through the lens of Bayesian inference theory. We first derive a no-go result stating that any non-adaptive measurement strategy will fail to exploit quantum critical enhancement (i.e. precision beyond the shot-noise limit) for a sufficiently large number of particles $N$ whenever our prior knowledge is limited. We then consider different adaptive strategies that can overcome this no-go result, and illustrate their performance in the estimation of (i) a magnetic field using a probe of 1D spin Ising chain and (ii) the coupling strength in a Bose-Hubbard square lattice. Our results show that adaptive strategies with real-time feedback control can achieve sub-shot noise scaling even with few measurements and substantial prior uncertainty.
description: 6+5 pages, 3+5 figures
Focusing on Civic Engagement: IGELS Tools, Tips, & Strategies to Enhance Undergraduate Biology for Non-majors
Creators: name: Smyth, Davida
name: Goulet, Tamar
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2022

description: We can help students find relevance when we teach though issues that we experience in our daily lives.​ This workshop session provides an introduction to civic engagement and led participants through developing an outline of an issue they would be interested in teaching.
Internal energy density of the critical three-state Potts model on the kagome lattice
Creators: name: Baek, Seung Ki
name: Mäkelä, Harri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been conjectured that the internal energy density of the Potts model on a semi-infinite strip with a width $L$ does not have any finite-size corrections at the critical point $K=K_c$. By factorizing the transfer matrix for the kagome lattice with larger widths, we have found that this conjecture is not correct in that the internal energy density slightly varies with $L$ at the critical point. From this size dependence of the internal energy density, we obtain an upper bound as $K_c < 1.0565615$, which is close to a recent estimate $K_c^{\rm JS} = 1.0565600(7)$ by Jacobsen and Scullard [arXiv:1204.0622]. We also obtain a lower bound as $K_c > 1.0560$ by calculating the correlation length along the strips.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Bounds on non-adiabatic evolution in single-field inflation
Creators: name: Adshead, Peter
name: Hu, Wayne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the regime of validity of $N$-point spectra predictions of single field inflation models that invoke transient periods of non-adiabatic evolution. Such models generate oscillatory features in these spectra spanning frequencies up to the inverse time scale of the transient feature. To avoid strong coupling of fluctuations in these theories this scale must be at least $\sim 10^{-2}/c_s$ of the Hubble time during inflation, where $c_s$ is the inflaton sound speed. We show that, in such models, the signal-to-noise ratio of the bispectrum is bounded from above by that of the power spectrum, implying that searches for features due to non-adiabatic evolution are best focussed first on the latter.
description: 14 pages, no figures
Zero modes in magnetic systems: general theory and an efficient computational scheme
Creators: name: Buijnsters, F. J.
name: Fasolino, A.
name: Katsnelson, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of topological defects in magnetic media often leads to normal modes with zero frequency (zero modes). Such modes are crucial for long-time behavior, describing, for example, the motion of a domain wall as a whole. Conventional numerical methods to calculate the spin-wave spectrum in magnetic media are either inefficient or they fail for systems with zero modes. We present a new efficient computational scheme that reduces the magnetic normal-mode problem to a generalized Hermitian eigenvalue problem also in the presence of zero modes. We apply our scheme to several examples, including two-dimensional domain walls and Skyrmions, and show how the effective masses that determine the dynamics can be calculated directly. These systems highlight the fundamental distinction between the two types of zero modes that can occur in spin systems, which we call special and inertial zero modes. Our method is suitable for both conservative and dissipative systems. For the latter case, we present a perturbative scheme to take into account damping, which can also be used to calculate dynamical susceptibilities.
description: 64 pages, 15 figures
Semicrossed Products of Operator Algebras: A Survey
Creators: name: Davidson, Kenneth R.
name: Fuller, Adam H.
name: Kakariadis, Evgenios T. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A20, 47L25, 47L65, 46L07

description: Semicrossed product algebras have been used to study dynamical systems since their introduction by Arveson in 1967. In this survey article, we discuss the history and some recent work, focussing on the conjugacy problem, dilation theory and C*-envelopes, and some connections back to the dynamics
description: 29 pages
Presentation: Quality Of Fermented Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas Var. Ayamurasaki) (Tapai) In Various Yeast Concentration And Steaming Time
Creators: name: A, Rima
name: Lailil Q
name: A.S, Ida
name: Lukman H
name: Syarifa R. N
name: Rahmah U. B
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: This material presented in 2nd ICESE 2020
Universal statistics of the knockout tournament
Creators: name: Baek, Seung Ki
name: Yi, Il Gu
name: Park, Hye Jin
name: Kim, Beom Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study statistics of the knockout tournament, where only the winner of a fixture progresses to the next. We assign a real number called competitiveness to each contestant and find that the resulting distribution of prize money follows a power law with an exponent close to unity if the competitiveness is a stable quantity and a decisive factor to win a match. Otherwise, the distribution is found narrow. The existing observation of power law distributions in various kinds of real sports tournaments therefore suggests that the rules of those games are constructed in such a way that it is possible to understand the games in terms of the contestants' inherent characteristics of competitiveness.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures
CGOF++: Controllable 3D Face Synthesis with Conditional Generative Occupancy Fields
Creators: name: Sun, Keqiang
name: Wu, Shangzhe
name: Zhang, Ning
name: Huang, Zhaoyang
name: Wang, Quan
name: Li, Hongsheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Capitalizing on the recent advances in image generation models, existing controllable face image synthesis methods are able to generate high-fidelity images with some levels of controllability, e.g., controlling the shapes, expressions, textures, and poses of the generated face images. However, previous methods focus on controllable 2D image generative models, which are prone to producing inconsistent face images under large expression and pose changes. In this paper, we propose a new NeRF-based conditional 3D face synthesis framework, which enables 3D controllability over the generated face images by imposing explicit 3D conditions from 3D face priors. At its core is a conditional Generative Occupancy Field (cGOF++) that effectively enforces the shape of the generated face to conform to a given 3D Morphable Model (3DMM) mesh, built on top of EG3D [1], a recent tri-plane-based generative model. To achieve accurate control over fine-grained 3D face shapes of the synthesized images, we additionally incorporate a 3D landmark loss as well as a volume warping loss into our synthesis framework. Experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which is able to generate high-fidelity face images and shows more precise 3D controllability than state-of-the-art 2D-based controllable face synthesis methods.
description: Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (TPAMI). This article is an extension of the NeurIPS'22 paper arXiv:2206.08361
Information encoding in the spatial correlations of entangled twin beams
Creators: name: Nirala, Gaurav
name: Pradyumna, Siva T.
name: Kumar, Ashok
name: Marino, Alberto M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to use the temporal and spatial degrees of freedom of quantum states of light to encode and transmit information is crucial for the implementation of a robust and efficient quantum network. In particular, the large dimensionality of the spatial degree of freedom promises to provide significant enhancements; however, such promise has largely been unfulfilled as the necessary level of control over the spatial degree of freedom to encode information remains elusive. Here, we show that information can be encoded in the distribution of the spatial correlations of highly multi-spatial mode entangled bright twin beams. We take advantage of the dependence of the spatial correlations on the angular spectrum of the pump required for four-wave mixing, as dictated by phase matching. The encoded information can be extracted by mapping the momenta distribution of the twin beams to a position distribution in the far field and measuring the spatial cross-correlation of images acquired with a high quantum efficiency electron multiplying charge coupled device. We further show that the encoded information cannot be accessed through individual beam measurements and that the temporal quantum correlations are not modified. We anticipate that the ability to engineer the distribution of the spatial correlations will serve as a novel degree of freedom to encode information and hence provide a pathway for high capacity quantum information channels and networks. In addition, a high degree of control over the spatial properties of quantum states of light will enable real-world quantum-enhanced spatially resolved sensing and imaging applications.
Electrical geophysical characterization of biogeochemical processes
Creators: name: Zhang, Chi
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2012

description: Biogeochemical processes alter the physical and chemical properties in the subsurface, and efficient monitoring of these changes is important for successful implementation of soil and groundwater remediation. Electrical geophysical methods offer spatially extensive and densely sampled information on variations in the physiochemical properties of subsurface at various scales. The focus of this dissertation is the development of electrical geophysical monitoring approaches sensitive to microbial sulfate reduction in porous media, sulfate-reducing bacteria activity, and mineral precipitation in porous media. This research suggests the feasibility of using electrical geophysical techniques in monitoring environmental contamination remediation. In the first research topic, electrodic potential (EP), in conjunction with spectral induced polarization (SIP) and self-potential (SP) measurements were used for monitoring microbial sulfate reduction in a silica beads column saturated with natural river water. Significant EP signals were recorded and correlated with HS- near multiple sensing electrodes, no significant SP signals were observed. The SIP responses were linked with overall microbial activity in the column. Joint use of multiple electrical geophysical methods can be applied to capture the spatiotemporal variability in microbial sulfate reduction in a porous medium. The second research topic examined the sensitivity of dielectric spectroscopy to sulfate-reducing bacteria (Desulfovibrio vulgaris) growth in cellular suspensions. Low frequency dielectric properties of D. vulgaris were studied using a high quality two-electrode system over frequencies 20 Hz to 1 MHz. The dielectric permittivity, real and imaginary parts of complex conductivity increased for higher concentrations of bacteria at frequencies <10 kHz. Reduced permittivity and conductivity were found as bacteria grew from earlier growth stage to later growth stage. The third research topic investigated the evolution of urea mediated calcium carbonate mineral precipitation and ion adsorption using SIP in silica gel column. Both real and imaginary parts of complex conductivity increased with rising hydroxide ion concentration during urea hydrolysis. Distinct decreases in complex conductivity were observed during calcium carbonate precipitation. Significant dependence of imaginary conductivity on pH in silica gel was found in a separate study. The results suggest the control of pH and calcite precipitation on the polarization response in silica gel in.
Decoherence-assisted spectroscopy of a single Mg$^+$ ion
Creators: name: Clos, Govinda
name: Enderlein, Martin
name: Warring, Ulrich
name: Leibfried, Dietrich
name: Schaetz, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a high-resolution spectroscopy method, in which the detection of single excitation events is enhanced by a complete loss of coherence of a superposition of two ground states. Thereby, transitions of a single isolated atom nearly at rest are recorded efficiently with high signal-to-noise ratios. Spectra display symmetric line shapes without stray-light background from spectroscopy probes. We employ this method on a $^{25}$Mg$^+$ ion to measure one, two, and three-photon transition frequencies from the 3S ground state to the 3P, 3D, and 4P excited states, respectively. Our results are relevant for astrophysics and searches for drifts of fundamental constants. Furthermore, the method can be extended to other transitions, isotopes, and species. The currently achieved fractional frequency uncertainty of $5 \times 10^{-9}$ is not limited by the method.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Realization and Topological Properties of Third-Order Exceptional Lines Embedded in Exceptional Surfaces
Creators: name: Tang, Weiyuan
name: Ding, Kun
name: Ma, Guancong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As the counterpart of Hermitian nodal structures, the geometry formed by exceptional points (EPs), such as exceptional lines (ELs), entails intriguing spectral topology. We report the experimental realization of order-3 exceptional lines (EL3) that are entirely embedded in order-2 exceptional surfaces (ES2) in a three-dimensional periodic synthetic momentum space. The EL3 and the concomitant ES2, together with the topology of the underlying space, prohibit the evaluation of their topology in the eigenvalue manifold by prevailing topological characterization methods. We resolve this issue by defining a winding number that associates with the resultants of the Hamiltonian. This resultant winding number detects EL3 but ignores the ES2, allowing the diagnosis of the topological currents carried by the EL3, which enables the prediction of their evolution under perturbations. Our results exemplify unprecedented topology of higher-order exceptional geometries and may inspire new non-Hermitian topological applications.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Entropy fluctuation formulas of fermionic Gaussian states
Creators: name: Huang, Youyi
name: Wei, Lu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the statistical behaviour of quantum entanglement in bipartite systems over fermionic Gaussian states as measured by von Neumann entropy. The formulas of average von Neumann entropy with and without particle number constrains have been recently obtained, whereas the main results of this work are the exact yet explicit formulas of variances for both cases. For the latter case of no particle number constrain, the results resolve a recent conjecture on the corresponding variance. Different than existing methods in computing variances over other generic state models, the key ingredient in proving the results of this work relies on a new simplification framework. The framework consists of a set of new tools in simplifying finite summations of what we refer to as dummy summation and re-summation techniques. As a byproduct, the proposed framework leads to various new transformation formulas of hypergeometric functions.
description: 64 pages, 3 figures
Deterministic and Robust Generation of Single Photons On a Chip with 99.5% Indistinguishability Using Rapid Adiabatic Passage
Creators: name: Wei, Yu-Jia
name: He, Yu-Ming
name: Chen, Ming-Cheng
name: Hu, Yi-Nan
name: He, Yu
name: Wu, Dian
name: Schneider, Christian
name: Kamp, Martin
name: Höfling, Sven
name: Lu, Chao-Yang
name: Pan, Jian-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate deterministic and robust generation of pulsed resonance fluorescence single photons from a single InGaAs quantum dot using the method of rapid adiabatic passage. Comparative study is performed with transform-limited, negatively chirped and positively chirped pulses, identifying the last one to be the most robust against fluctuation of driving strength. The generated single photons are background free, have a vanishing two-photon emission probability of 0.3% and a raw (corrected) two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel interference visibility of 97.9% (99.5%), reaching a precision that places single photons at the threshold for fault-tolerant surface-code quantum computing. The single-photon source can be readily scaled up to multi-photon entanglement and used for quantum metrology, boson sampling and linear optical quantum computing.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted
The trans-Pacific transport of dust in 2007 - a MODIS/CALIOP study
Creators: name: Wang, Lu
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2012

description: Asian dust transported to the west coast of the United States and Canada has an impact onthe local air quality. Thus, it is important to investigate the trans-Pacific transport of dust.In this study, observations from two satellite instruments in 2007 were utilized toevaluate this eastward flux of Asian dust – the 550 nm column aerosol optical depth andfine-mode fraction from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS),and the 532 nm column aerosol optical depth and volume depolarization ratio from theCloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP). The satellite observationswere then compared with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Global ChemicalTransport Model (GCTM) simulations. In both satellite studies, the eastward flux of dust displayed distinct meridional variations on both sides of the North Pacific, peaking between 30 and 40°N in the NW Pacific and between 40 and 50°N in the NE Pacific. Both MODIS and CALIOP revealed the same seasonal pattern of the eastward dust flux in 2007: maximum in spring, minimum in summer, relatively high in winter, and intermediate in fall between that in summer and winter. Despite large discrepancies in magnitude, the percentages of the seasonal contributions to the annual dust fluxes agreed well between the MODIS and CALIOP estimates. This satellite-observed seasonal pattern was different from that simulated by GCTM. Though also having the spring maximum, GCTM showed comparable dust fluxes in winter and fall which were both significantly lower than that in summer. The annual efficiency of the eastward dust transport was 64% as estimated by MODIS and 22% by CALIOP. Both approaches indicated seasonal variations in transport efficiencies with high efficiency observed in winter. In contrast, GCTM simulated relatively constant transport efficiencies throughout the year, averaged 13% for 2007. Overall, MODIS estimated greater dust fluxes than CALIOP, by about 5-fold for the NW Pacific and 14-fold for the NE Pacific. GCTM simulated even lower dust fluxes than CALIOP.
PAH Formation in O-rich Planetary Nebulae
Creators: name: Guzman-Ramirez, L.
name: Lagadec, E.
name: Jones, D.
name: Zijlstra, A. A.
name: Gesicki, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been observed in O-rich planetary nebulae towards the Galactic Bulge. This combination of oxygen-rich and carbon-rich material, known as dual-dust or mixed chemistry, is not expected to be seen around such objects. We recently proposed that PAHs could be formed from the photodissociation of CO in dense tori. In this work, using VISIR/VLT, we spatially resolved the emission of the PAH bands and ionised emission from the [SIV] line, confirming the presence of dense central tori in all the observed O-rich objects. Furthermore, we show that for most of the objects, PAHs are located at the outer edge of these dense/compact tori, while the ionised material is mostly present in the inner parts of these tori, consistent with our hypothesis for the formation of PAHs in these systems. The presence of a dense torus has been strongly associated with the action of a central binary star and, as such, the rich chemistry seen in these regions may also be related to the formation of exoplanets in post-common-envelope binary systems.
description: 14, accepted for publication in the MNRAS Journal
Depth-resolved measurement of the Meissner screening profile in a niobium thin film from spin-lattice relaxation of the implanted $β$-emitter $^{8}$Li
Creators: name: McFadden, Ryan M. L.
name: Asaduzzaman, Md
name: Buck, Terry J.
name: Cortie, David L.
name: Dehn, Martin H.
name: Dunsiger, Sarah R.
name: Kiefl, Robert F.
name: Laxdal, Robert E.
name: Levy, C. D. Philip
name: MacFarlane, W. Andrew
name: Morris, Gerald D.
name: Pearson, Matthew R.
name: Thoeng, Edward
name: Junginger, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurements of the Meissner screening profile in a Nb(300 nm)/Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ thin film using $^{8}$Li $β$-detected nuclear magnetic resonance ($β$-NMR). The NMR probe $^{8}$Li was ion-implanted into the Nb film at energies $\leq$ 20 keV, corresponding to mean stopping depths comparable to Nb's magnetic penetration depth $λ$. $^{8}$Li's strong dipole-dipole coupling with the host $^{93}$Nb nuclei provided a "cross-relaxation" channel that dominated in low magnetic fields, which conferred indirect sensitivity to the local magnetic field via the spin-lattice relaxation (SLR) rate $1/T_{1}$. From a fit of the $1/T_{1}$ data to a model accounting for its dependence on temperature, magnetic field, and $^{8}$Li$^{+}$ implantation energy, we obtained a magnetic penetration depth $λ_{0}$ = 51.5(22) nm, consistent with a relatively short carrier mean-free-path $\ell$ = 18.7(29) nm typical of similarly prepared Nb films. The results presented here constitute an important step towards using $^{8}$Li $β$-NMR to characterize bulk Nb samples with engineered surfaces, which are often used in the fabrication of particle accelerators.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, 1 table