cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Determinants and Extent of Crop Diversification Among Smallholder Farmers in Southern Zambia
Creators: name: Sichoongwe, Kiru
name: Sichoongwe, Kiru
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Agriculture is an important sector of Zambia’s economy, serving as the main source of income for the rural population. Its production is mainly dependent on rain-fed hoe cultivation and maize remains an important staple food crop. In order to improve food security, generate income and minimize risks associated with heavy dependence on maize, the government of Zambia has been promoting crop diversification. This study was carried out with the objectives of : i) to determine the extent of crop diversification, ii) to compare the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of diversifiers and non-diversifiers, and iii) to identify the major determinants that influence farmer’s decisions to diversify in crop production. The Crop diversification index (CDI) was used to measure the extent of diversification while the Tobit model was used to analyze the determinants of diversification. Bivariate statistical analysis and mean comparisons were used to compare socio-economic characteristics of diversifiers against their non-diversifying counterparts. The extent of crop diversification among the smallholder farmers was relatively low since the majority of the diversifiers had a lower CDI value; 42.35% had a CDI greater than zero but less than or equal to 0.49; 5.87% had a CDI equal to 0.5 and 20.78% had a CDI greater than 0.5. On the other hand, the non-diversifiers constituted 31% of the total sample. The size of landholding, quantities of fertilizer, distance to the market, tillage time and tillage (using a plough) were found to significantly determine crop diversification. vii Based on the study findings, the following recommendations were drawn; the need for the government to undertake policies that will improve farmers’ access to and control over land, encouraging farmers to use agricultural implements such as ploughs and supporting policies oriented towards bringing trading markets closer to the farmers.
description: A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENTS FOR A MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN AGRICULTURAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS, UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI, BUNDA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE. Advisors: Dr. Lawrence Mapemba and Prof. Davies Ng'ong'ola and Dr. Gelson Tembo
The Effect of Land Fragmentation on the Productivity and Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Maize Farms in Southern Rwanda
Creators: name: Mathias, Karangwa
name: Mathias, Karangwa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management
Land Economics/Use

description: The government of Rwanda believes that land fragmentation is a major threat to efficient crop production in the country due to the fact that continuous subdivision of farms has led to small sized land holdings that may be hard to economically operate. This study analyzed the determinants of the productivity and technical efficiency of smallholder maize farms in Gisagara district with a particular focus on land fragmentation using plot size, number of plots per household and distance from the households’ residences to plots as measures of land fragmentation. Gisagara district was chosen because previous empirical studies showed high land fragmentation there. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of the various dimensions of land fragmentation on the productivity and efficiency of smallholder farms in Rwanda. To attain this objective, hypotheses testing whether the various dimensions of land fragmentation had positive/negative effect on productivity and efficiency of farms were stated and tested. This study adopted the stochastic frontier approach adopted because being a parametric approach, it deals with stochastic noise, and allows hypothesis testing on the production structure and efficiency. Though smallholder maize farms were found to be technically efficient, their efficiency levels would be improved if land fragmentation effects were mitigated. The main conclusion is that land fragmentation affects the technical efficiency of farms but the various dimensions of land fragmentation affect efficiency differently. The number of plots negatively affected technical efficiency of farms; Distance to plots and size of the plot had no significant effect on technical efficiency of farms. In terms of productivity, this study found out that farm size positively affected the productivity of farms, having many plots reduced productivity and distance to plots did not have a significant effect on productivity and the interaction term ( avplotdist *noplots ) also had no significant effect suggesting that land fragmentation is probably not a big problem as long as plots are close to homes. Land consolidation is recommended and should be implemented. Education be availed to rural farmers and land titling be done
description: A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL FOR THE AWARD OF A DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS OF MAKERERE UNIVERSITY. Advisors: Dr. Fredrick Bagamba PhD and Dr. Bernard Bashaasha PhD
A Very Radio-Loud Narrow-Line Seyfert 1: PKS 2004-447
Creators: name: Oshlack, Alicia
name: Webster, Rachel
name: Whiting, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have discovered a very radio-loud Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 candidate: PKS 2004-447. This Seyfert is consistent with the formal definition for NLS1s, although it does not have quite the same spectral features as some typical members of this subclass. Only ROSAT survey data is available at X-ray wavelengths, so it has not been possible to compare this source with other NLS1s at these wavelengths. A full comparison of this source with other members of the subclass will improve our physical understanding of NLS1s. In addition, using standard calculations, we estimate the central black hole to have a mass of $\sim 5 \times 10^6 M_{\odot}$. This does not agree with predictions in the literature, that radio-loud AGN host very massive black holes.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, minor typos changed
Energy transfer processes in DNA-coated upconverting nanoparticles with 980 nm and 808 nm excitation
Creators: name: Francés-Soriano, Laura
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: upconversion
nanoparticles
FRET
DNA

description: Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been extensively studied as energy donors in Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) for different applications, e.g., (bio)sensing, photodynamic therapy or solar cells.1 Unlike other luminescent nanoparticles such as quantum dots, UCNPs-based FRET systems are still challenging due to the presence of multiple emitters ions as energy donors within a single UCNP, which makes them more complex to study.2 With the aim to learn more about UCNP-based FRET and to possibly apply this knowledge for future UCNP-FRET biosensors, we have synthesized (Figure 1) core Yb/Er co-doped UCNPs (c-UCNPs) and core-shell-shell Yb/Er-Nd-undoped UCNPs (css-UCNPs). These UCNPs were further modified with a Cyanine 3.5-labeled single-stranded DNA (Cy3.5-ssDNA) by direct surface anchoring via the phosphates groups of the DNA backbone. FRET processes from both UCNPs to Cy3.5 by steady-state and time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy with near-infrared irradiation at 980 nm and 808 nm and different Cy3.5-ssDNA concentrations will be discussed.
The Chandra LETGS high resolution X-ray spectrum of the isolated neutron star RX J1856.5-3754
Creators: name: Burwitz, V.
name: Zavlin, V. E.
name: Neuhaeuser, R.
name: Predehl, P.
name: Truemper, J.
name: Brinkman, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the Chandra LETGS X-ray spectrum of the nearby (~60 pc) neutron star RX J1856.5-3754. Detailed spectral analysis of the combined X-ray and optical data rules out the nonmagnetic neutron star atmosphere models with hydrogen, helium, iron and solar compositions. We also conclude that strongly magnetized atmosphere models are unable to represent the data. The data can be explained with a two-component blackbody model. The harder component with temperature of kT_bb~63 eV and a radius R_bb~2.2 km of the emitting region well fits the X-ray data and can be interpreted as radiation from a hot region on the star's surface.
description: 4 pages, 3 color figures; acceped by A&A Letters; http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/~burwitz/burwitz_refereed.html
Brocchinia Jousseaume 1887
Creators: name: Harzhauser, Mathias
name: Landau, Bernard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Bromeliaceae
Brocchinia

description: Genus Brocchinia Jousseaume, 1887b
 Type species: by subsequent designation of Sacco, 1894, Voluta mitraeformis Brocchi, 1814 (non Voluta mitraeformis Lamarck, 1811). Pliocene, Italy.
description: Published as part of Harzhauser, Mathias & Landau, Bernard, 2012, A revision of the Neogene Cancellariid Gastropods of the Paratethys Sea 3472, pp. 1-71 in Zootaxa 3472 on page 15
Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Irish Potato Production in Nyabihu District, Rwanda
Creators: name: Muzungu Paul, Gatemberezi
name: Muzungu Paul, Gatemberezi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The study on technical efficiency of smallholder Potato was carried out in Nyabihu District of Rwanda. The study estimates the technical efficiency obtained from stochastic frontier production approach. The paper estimates the levels of technical efficiency for 150 smallholder potato farmers, and provides an empirical analysis of the determinants of inefficiency with the aim of finding a way to increase smallholders’ potato production and productivity. The study used of both primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained directly from respondents (farmers) while secondary data were obtained from books, journals and records of Ministry of Agriculture. Data was collected through trained enumerators using pre-tested questionnaire. The survey was conducted during the month of April and May 2010 Data collected was analysed using STATA and SPSS computer programs. Maximum likelihood estimates are obtained from half – normal stochastic production model. Results indicated that 71 percent variation in the output of Irish potato production was attributed to technical inefficiency with a mean of 60.5 percent technical efficiency. It is shown that area under potato, seed, and family labor and fertilizes, contribute positively towards the improvement of efficiency. The analysis also reveals that, farming experience, house hold size, gender, marital status, farm size, extension services are socio-economic factors influencing the farmers’ technical efficiency. However, education, access to credit and firm size brought negative impacts in affecting the efficiency level of farmers. To achieve increased efficiency of production, this study recommends government to allocate more funds in strengthening the extension services and increasing agricultural credit services to potato growers.
description: A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL & APPLIED ECONOMICS, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND VETERINARY SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI, KENYA. Advisors: Dr Richard Mbiti Mulwa and Dr Jonathan Nzuma
Additional file 1 of Identification of miRNAs and their target genes in genic male sterility lines in Brassica napus by small RNA sequencing
Creators: name: Jiang, Jianxia
name: Xu, Pengfei
name: Li, Yajie
name: Li, Yanli
name: Zhou, Xirong
name: Jiang, Meiyan
name: Zhang, Junying
name: Zhu, Jifeng
name: Wang, Weirong
name: Yang, Liyong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Identification of known miRNAs. Table S2. Precursors of 35 novel miRNAs in Brassica napus. Table S3. Target genes were predicted by psRNATarget. Table S4. The primers were used for qRT-PCR and 5, modified RACE analysis. Table S5. The sequences used for constructing MIR159 over-expressed vectors.
Calloeneis leticia Gordon and Hanley 2020, new species
Creators: name: Gordon, Robert D.
name: F, Guillermo González
name: Hanley, Guy A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Coccinellidae
Calloeneis
Calloeneis leticia

description: 8. Calloeneis leticia Gordon and Hanley, new species
 Description. Male holotype. Length 2.0 mm, width 1.7 mm; dorsal surface shiny, head distinctly alutaceous, elytron with faint trace of microsculpture. Color yellow; scutellum brown; elytron with suture narrowly bordered with light brown from scutellum to apex, faint, longitudinal macula on humerus from base of elytron across callus, row of punctures in lateral 1/4 brown from base of elytron to apical 1/8 (Fig. 30) metasternun medially brown; apex of median projection of basal abdominal ventrite dark brown. Head with dense punctures separated by less than a diameter; pronotal punctures small, separated by a diameter or less; elytral punctures larger than on pronotum, separated by up to twice diameter; prosternal punctures small, indistinct, separated by about a diameter; mesosternal punctures larger than on prosternum, separated by less than a diameter, metasternal punctures large, separated by 1 to 3 times diameter medially, absent in lateral 1/3; abdominal ventrites 1, 2 with fine punctures separated by less than to 3 times a diameter medially, ventrites 3, 4 finely, densely punctured medially; ventrite 5 finely, densely punctured. Head with frons strongly narrowed from base to apex of clypeus, depressed medially, 1.2 times as wide as eye, clypeal apex weakly curved (Fig. 31); eye canthus short, about half width of eye. Prosternum with lateral carina on each side curved, extended from apex of intercoxal process to lateral margin of prosternum. Epipleuron weakly descending externally. Postcoxal line on basal abdominal ventrite curved except median portion slightly flattened, extended 3/4 distance to rear margin of ventrite. Genitalia lost.
 Female. Unknown.
 Variation. Unknown.
 Type material. Holotype male: Huachi, Rio Beni, Boliv. (Bolivia), WM Mann, Mulford Bio Expl 1921- 22 (USNM).
 Remarks. Calloeneis leticia is a pale, nearly all yellow species with faint brown elytral maculation. Genitalia are unknown because they were lost in dissection, in part because the holotype is a somewhat teneral specimen. Therefore, a completely mature example may exhibit more strongly defined elytral maculation.
description: Published as part of Gordon, Robert D., F, Guillermo González & Hanley, Guy A., 2020, South American Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), part XX: systematic revision of South American Calloeneis Grote (Cryptognathini), pp. 1-25 in Insecta Mundi 2020 (766) on page 9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353544
Fracture behavior of electron beam dissimilar weld joints Cr-Mo steel ad austenitic stainless steel AISI 304
Creators: name: M.A. Almeniawy
name: S.M. Khafagy
name: Fouad, Yasser
name: Sallam, Hossam El-Din
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Materials engineering
subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Fracture behavior of electron beam dissimilar weld joints Cr-Mo steel ad austenitic stainless steel AISI 304
Sensitivity of the Superconducting Transition Temperature to Changes in the Spin-Fluctuation Spectral Weight
Creators: name: McHale, P.
name: Monthoux, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the simplest model of magnetic pairing, the transition temperature to the superconducting state depends on the dynamical susceptibility $χ({\bf q},ω)$. We discuss how $T_c$ is affected by different momentum and frequency parts of $χ({\bf q},ω)$ for nearly antiferromagnetic and nearly ferromagnetic metals in two dimensions. While in the case of phonon-mediated superconductivity any addition of spectral weight to $α^2F(ω)$ at $ω>0$ leads to an increase in $T_c$, we find that adding magnetic spectral weight at any momentum ${\bf q}$ and low frequencies ($[0:3T_c]$ and $[0:(5-9)T_c]$ for nearly antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic metals respectively) leads to a suppression of $T_c$. The most effective frequency and momentum range consists of large momenta ${\bf q} \sim (π,π)$ and frequencies around $10T_c$ for nearly antiferromagnetic metals and small momenta ${\bf q} \sim 0$ and frequencies of approximately $(13-22)T_c$ for nearly ferromagnetic metals.
description: 18 pages, 39 figures
Perplicaria Dall 1890
Creators: name: Harzhauser, Mathias
name: Landau, Bernard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Cancellariidae
Perplicaria

description: Genus Perplicaria Dall, 1890
 Type species: by original designation, Perplicaria perplexa Dall, 1890. Pliocene, Florida, USA.
description: Published as part of Harzhauser, Mathias & Landau, Bernard, 2012, A revision of the Neogene Cancellariid Gastropods of the Paratethys Sea 3472, pp. 1-71 in Zootaxa 3472 on page 34
Upper limits on O VI Emission From Voyager
Creators: name: Murthy, Jayant
name: Henry, R. C.
name: Shelton, R. L.
name: Holberg, J. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have examined 426 {\it Voyager} fields distributed across the sky for \ion{O}{6} ($λλ$ 1032/1038 Å) emission from the Galactic diffuse interstellar medium. No such emission was detected in any of our observed fields. Our most constraining limit was a 90% confidence upper limit of 2600 \phunit on the doublet emission in the direction (l, b) = (117\fdegree3, 50\fdegree6). Combining this with an absorption line measurement in nearly the same direction allows us to place an upper limit of 0.01 cm$^{-3}$ on the electron density of the hot gas in this direction. We have placed 90% confidence upper limits of less than or equal to 10,000 \phunit on the \ion{O}{6} emission in 16 of our 426 observations.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures accepted ApJ Letters minor editing
Dual channels of helicity cascade in turbulent flows
Creators: name: Yan, Zheng
name: Li, Xinliang
name: Yu, Changping
name: Chen, Shiyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Helicity, as one of only two inviscid invariants in three-dimensional turbulence, plays an important role in the generation and evolution of turbulence. From the traditional viewpoint, there exists only one channel of helicity cascade similar to that of kinetic energy cascade. Through theoretical analysis, we find that there are two channels in helicity cascade process. The first channel mainly originates from vortex twisting process, and the second channel mainly originates from vortex stretching process. By analysing the data of direct numerical simulations of typical turbulent flows, we find that these two channels behave differently. The ensemble averages of helicity flux in different channels are equal in homogeneous and isotropic turbulence, while they are different in other type of turbulent flows. The second channel is more intermittent and acts more like a scalar, especially on small scales. Besides, we find a novel mechanism of hindered even inverse energy cascade, which could be attributed to the second-channel helicity flux with large amplitude.
Physical and chemical characterization of McIntyre Powder: An aluminum dust inhaled by miners to combat silicosis
Creators: name: Zarnke, Andrew
name: Rasmussen, Pat E.
name: Marie-Odile David
name: Housam Eidi
name: Konnor Kennedy
name: Hedges, Kevin
name: Irick, Todd
name: Thome, Christopher
name: Pirkkanen, Jake
name: Boreham, Douglas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: McIntyre Powder (MP) is a finely ground aluminum powder that was used between 1943 and 1979 as a prophylaxis for silicosis. Silicosis is a chronic lung disease caused by the inhalation of crystalline silica dust and was prevalent in the Canadian mining industry during this time period. The McIntyre Research Foundation developed, patented, and produced the MP and distributed it to licensees in Canada, the United States, Mexico, Chile, Belgian Congo, and Western Australia. In the province of Ontario, Canada it is estimated that at least 27,500 miners between 1943 and 1979 were exposed to MP. The present study was undertaken to examine the chemical and physical characteristics of two variations of MP (light grey and black). Chemical analyses (using X-ray Fluorescence and Inductively Coupled Plasma approaches) indicate that the black MP contains significantly higher concentrations of aluminum and metal impurities than the light grey MP (p
Two-dimensional ferromagnetic-ferroelectric multiferroics in violation of the d0 rule
Creators: name: Tan, Hengxin
name: Li, Menglei
name: Liu, Haitao
name: Liu, Zhirong
name: Li, Yuanchang
name: Duan, Wenhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Contribution of d-electron to ferroelectricity of type-II multiferroics causes strong magneto-electric coupling and distinguishes them from the conventional type-I multiferroics. However, their therein polarization is too small because the ferroelectricity is merely a derivative from the magnetic order. Here we report a new class of multiferroic materials, monolayer VOX2 (X = Cl, Br, and I), which combine the advantages of type-I and type-II multiferroics. Both ferroelectricity and magnetism arise from the same V cation, where the filled d-orbital is perpendicular to an a priori ferroelectric polarization and thus poses no hindrance to ferroelectricity, indicating a violation of the usual d0 rule. This makes the combination of large polarizations and strong magneto-electric coupling possible. Our findings not only add new ferromagnetic-ferroelectric multiferroics, but also point to a unique mechanism to engineer multiferroics.
description: Accepted by PRB
Calloeneis krista Gordon and Hanley 2020, new species
Creators: name: Gordon, Robert D.
name: F, Guillermo González
name: Hanley, Guy A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Coccinellidae
Calloeneis
Calloeneis krista

description: 10. Calloeneis krista Gordon and Hanley, new species
 Description. Male holotype. Length 2.0 mm, width 1.7 mm; dorsal surface shiny, head distinctly alutaceous, elytron with faint trace of microsculpture. Color brownish red; head yellow; pronotum entirely black; elytron with humeral angle including callus black, apical declivity black, apex of black macula sinuate (Fig. 38); prosternum, metafemur, posterior 1/2 of mesofemur black; mesosternum, median 1/3 of metasternum yellowish brown, remainder of venter yellow; abdomen yellowish brown except median 1/3 of basal ventrite brown. Head with dense punctures separated by less than a diameter; pronotal punctures small, separated by a diameter or less; elytral punctures as large as on pronotum, separated by up to twice a diameter; prosternal punctures small, indistinct, separated by about a diameter; mesosternal punctures larger than on prosternum, separated by less than a diameter, metasternal punctures large, separated by one to three times a diameter medially, absent in lateral 1/3; abdominal ventrites 1, 2 with fine punctures separated by up to three times a diameter medially, ventrites 2–4 finely, densely punctured medially; ventrite 5 finely, densely punctured. Head with frons parallel sided medially, 1.2 times as wide as eye, clypeal apex truncate (Fig. 39); eye canthus short, about half width of eye. Prosternum with lateral carina on each side curved, extended from apex of intercoxal process to lateral margin of prosternum. Epipleuron not descending externally. Postcoxal line on basal abdominal ventrite curved, extended 3/4 distance to rear margin of ventrite. Genitalia with penis guide longer than paramere, slender, tapered from base to abruptly rounded apex, flanked on each side with slender appendix extended 3/4 length of penis guide; paramere slender, apex rounded (Fig. 40, 41); penis robust, apex lost, basal capsule slender, flat, inner arm apically bifid, outer arm slender, projected (Fig. 42).
 Female. Unknown.
 Variation. Unknown.
 Type material. Holotype male; VENEZUELA: Ar. (Aragua), Portachuelo Pass, June 22–30,1967, RW Poole, 1100m. (USNM).
description: Published as part of Gordon, Robert D., F, Guillermo González & Hanley, Guy A., 2020, South American Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), part XX: systematic revision of South American Calloeneis Grote (Cryptognathini), pp. 1-25 in Insecta Mundi 2020 (766) on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353544
Additional file 2 of Identification of miRNAs and their target genes in genic male sterility lines in Brassica napus by small RNA sequencing
Creators: name: Jiang, Jianxia
name: Xu, Pengfei
name: Li, Yajie
name: Li, Yanli
name: Zhou, Xirong
name: Jiang, Meiyan
name: Zhang, Junying
name: Zhu, Jifeng
name: Wang, Weirong
name: Yang, Liyong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. The secondary structures of new conserved miRNAs and novel miRNAs identified in Brassica napus.
In-orbit performance of the XMM-Newton X-ray telescopes: images and spectra
Creators: name: Aschenbach, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The performance of the three X-ray telescopes on-board of XMM-Newton is evaluated addressing imaging characteristics and effective collecting area. The agreement with ground calibration data is excellent. The analysis of images and spectra of cosmic X-ray sources, emphazising supernova and supernova remnants, prooves that the telescopes are even better than originally required.
description: 13 pages, 20 jpg figures, for SPIE Proc. 4496, paper 02
Farmers' Willingness to Pay for Irrigation Water: The Case of Doho Rice Irrigation Scheme in Eastern Uganda
Creators: name: Angella, Namyenya
name: Angella, Namyenya
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management

description: The government of Uganda is currently rehabilitating three major irrigation schemes whose infrastructure had broken down due to poor maintenance. Among these schemes is Doho rice irrigation scheme. It is expected that after the rehabilitation, the farmers at this scheme will assume responsibility for its operation and maintenance. Each farming household will be expected to pay a user fee per acre per season in order to cover the maintenance costs. This study was thus aimed at determining farmers’ willingness to pay to maintain irrigation water supply, using Doho rice scheme as a case study. The specific objectives included: to determine farmers’ willingness to pay to maintain irrigation water supply at Doho rice irrigation scheme; to characterise the farmers at Doho rice irrigation scheme based on their willingness to pay; to identify factors influencing farmers’ willingness to pay for irrigation water at Doho rice irrigation scheme. A stratified random sampling procedure was employed to select a sample of 200 respondents at Doho rice irrigation scheme; and using a questionnaire, cross sectional data were collected. The contingent valuation method using the bidding game was applied to elicit the farmers’ willingness to pay. Descriptive statistics and a double log-linear model were used to analyse the data in light of the study objectives. The findings show that the average willingness to pay for irrigation water by farmers at Doho irrigation scheme is Ush. 20,000 per acre per season. This value is higher than the Ush. 15,000 per acre per season needed to cover the cost of maintaining irrigation water supply at Doho. The results further show that formal education, farm size, experience in practical irrigation farming, participation in training related to soil and water conservation, rice growing or irrigation water management and access to credit and markets influence farmers’ willingness to pay. The study therefore recommends charging Ush. 15,000 per acre per season. This is because not only does it generate sufficient revenue to cover the maintenance costs, but is also below the average willingness to pay implying that a large proportion of farmers would willingly pay this amount without coercion. In addition, government should intensify training in soil conservation, water management and rice growing, promote farmers’ access to affordable credit, bring markets closer to the farmers and also put in place active land rental markets.
description: A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DIRECTORATE OF RESEARCH AND GRADUATE TRAINING IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS OF MAKERERE UNIVERSITY. Advisors: DR. FREDRICK BAGAMBA and DR. DICK SSERUNKUUMA
Sveltia Jousseaume 1887
Creators: name: Harzhauser, Mathias
name: Landau, Bernard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Cancellariidae
Sveltia

description: Genus Sveltia Jousseaume, 1887b
 Type species: by original designation, Voluta varricosa Brocchi, 1814, Pliocene, Italy.
description: Published as part of Harzhauser, Mathias & Landau, Bernard, 2012, A revision of the Neogene Cancellariid Gastropods of the Paratethys Sea 3472, pp. 1-71 in Zootaxa 3472 on page 49
The Role of Extraneous Incentives and Drivers in Farm Enterprise Diversification: A Study of Passion-Fruit (Passiflora edulis) Uptake in Uasin-Gishu County, Kenya
Creators: name: Noah, Kibet
name: Noah, Kibet
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management

description: Despite the continued production and overdependence of traditional crops mainly maize and wheat as main source of income in the Uasin-Gishu County, poverty among farmers has been increasing. To mitigate the poverty effects, farmers have tended to substitute land under the traditional crops for high yielding and high value crops passion fruit inclusive. However, the uptake of passion fruit has been achieved with partial success. This study examined factors affecting passion fruit adoption and the extent of adoption. It further investigated the comparative profitability of passion fruit crop vis-à-vis other farm enterprises contingent on available farm resources. Cross-sectional data from 100 randomly selected farmers were collected and subjected to Heckman two-step regression analysis to determine factors affecting passion fruit adoption as well as the extent of adoption. Gross Margin Analysis and Data Envelopment Analysis methods were used to assess the comparative profitability of passion fruit crop. The results showed that availability of water for irrigation, title deeds and farming as main occupation significantly and positively affected the adoption of passion fruit while age was significant with negative effect. Private land ownership and access to extension services significantly and positively influenced the extent of adoption while age had significant negative effect. Further, this study revealed that passion fruit production was the more profitable farm enterprise than other comparable farm enterprises. The results mean more incentives and innovative drivers are necessary for crop diversification and substitution in Kenya and not sufficient for adoption of the new crops. Government and other stakeholders should formulate and implement effective policies related to promotion of adoption, production and marketing of new agricultural technologies.
description: A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School in Fulfillment for the Requirements of the Master of Science Degree in Agricultural and Applied Economics of Egerton University. Advisors: Dr. J. K Lagat and Prof. G.A Obare
Asymptotic Analysis of a Coupled System of Nonlocal Equations with Oscillatory Coefficients
Creators: name: Mengesha, Tadele
name: Scott, James M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we study the asymptotic behavior of solutions to systems of strongly coupled integral equations with oscillatory coefficients. The system of equations is motivated by a peridynamic model of the deformation of heterogeneous media that additionally accounts for short-range forces. We consider the vanishing nonlocality limit on the same length scale as the heterogeneity and show that the system's effective behavior is characterized by a coupled system of local equations that are elliptic in the sense of Legendre-Hadamard. This effective system is characterized by a fourth-order tensor that shares properties with Cauchy elasticity tensors that appear in the classical equilibrium equations for linearized elasticity.
Increased risk of malignancy in patients aged over 50 with idiopathic inflammatory myositis compared to patients with osteoarthritis of the knee
Creators: name: Hyoungyoung Kim
name: Yoon-Kyoung Sung
name: Seongmi Choi
name: Seul Gi Im
name: Jung, Sun-Young
name: Jang, Eun Jin
name: Yoo, Dae Hyun
name: Cho, Soo-Kyung
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Objectives: To estimate risk of malignancy in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM) compared to patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: Patients with IIM and knee OA aged over 50, who had no history of malignancy, were identified using Korean National claims database from January 2012 to December 2014. They had been observed until a malignancy was diagnosed or up to the end of the study, December 2015. The incidence rate (IR) of malignancy in IIM patients was calculated and compared with knee OA patients using standardized incidence ratio (SIR). Results: A total of 634 polymyositis (PM) and 556 dermatomyositis (DM) patients were included. Overall, 100 solid (IR 270.4/10,000 person-years (PY), 95% confidence interval (CI) 217.4–323.4) and 12 hematologic malignancies (IR 32.4/10,000 PY, 95% CI 14.1–50.8) occurred. Compared with knee OA, risk of overall (SIR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–1.8), solid (SIR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1–1.6), and hematologic malignancy (SIR 5.7, 95% CI 2.5–9.0) were increased in IIM patients. This was due to increased incidence of malignancy in DM (hematologic malignancy, SIR 8.7, 95% CI 2.7–14.7, solid malignancy, SIR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–1.9). Conclusion: Patients with IIM, especially DM, have an increased risk of malignancy compared to patients with knee OA.
The Significance of Cybersecurity in Somali Businesses and Government Organizations
Creators: name: Halane, Abdiweli Mohamed
Publisher: name: SORER
Year: 2023
Subjects: Information,Security,Digital security.

description: Eng. Abdiweli Halane, Information Security Adviser at Hormuud  delivered a Keynote Presentation on "The Significance of Cybersecurity in Somali Businesses and Government Organizations" on the second day of #SomNOG6 Conference.
Study of the relationships among known virulence genes, coccoid transformation and cytotoxicity of Helicobacter pylori in different clinical diseases
Creators: name: Xiao, Yao
name: Zhang, Binghua
name: Zhang, Huifang
name: Zhang, Zehui
name: Meng, Fanliang
name: Zhao, Xin
name: Zhang, Jianzhong
name: Xiao, Di
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has infected approximately 4.4 billion individuals worldwide. The known virulence genes and the existing H. pylori typing methods have not been shown to have a recognized correlation with its infectivity. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationships among known important virulence genes, coccoid transformation, and cytotoxicity of H. pylori isolated from individuals with different clinical diseases to provide guidance for the development of new virulence typing methods for H. pylori. The known important virulence genes of 35 H. pylori strains were identified by whole-gene next-generation sequencing (WGS) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The chronological changes in the proportion of coccoid forms of H. pylori and their ultramicroscopic structures were observed chronologically using transmission electron microscopy. Human gastric mucosal epithelial cells (GES-1) were infected with H. pylori strains in vitro to evaluate cytotoxicity of H. pylori. There were no significant correlations among the known important virulence genes, coccoid transformation and cytotoxicity of H. pylori isolated from patients with different clinical diseases. We developed a new virulence classification based on the defensive and offensive abilities of H. pylori. Coccoid transformation and virulence are two independent characteristics of H. pylori that reflect its defensive and offensive abilities, respectively. These two abilities work synergistically, warranting the construction of a new virulence typing method for H. pylori. However, the correlation between the new virulence classification and pathogenic ability still needs to be further verified.
Determinants of the choice of multi-modes of governance by producers and processors of paddy in Benin
Creators: name: Codjo, Ogoudélé Simon
name: Fiamohe, Rose
name: Kpenavoun, Sylvain
name: Acclassato, Denis
name: Biaou, Gauthier
name: Codjo, Ogoudélé Simon
name: Fiamohe, Rose
name: Kpenavoun, Sylvain
name: Acclassato, Denis
name: Biaou, Gauthier
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: Governance mode
subject: Multivariate probit
subject: Producers and processors of rice
subject: Benin.

description: This research aims at analyzing the factors that influence the choice of the multi-modes of governance by producers and processors of paddy in Benin. Unlike previous researches, it analyzes these factors simultaneously for both producers and processors. Furthermore it explains the multiple choices of governance modes by actors. Finally, this research analyses the influence of institutional environment on the governance mode choice by the actors. Data were collected in Benin from 320 producers and 140 processors of rice selected randomly. The results indicate that the majority of producers (78.04%) and processors (92.69%) use the spot market to sell and procure paddy against 32.78% and 26.43% of producers and processors respectively for the contractual marketing and procurement. Nearly 26.35% of producers use at least two modes of governance to market the paddy, against 19.70% of the processors to procure paddy. Producers and processors that belong to an innovation platform use more formal contracts and farmer associations to market and to procure paddy. The quantities of paddy sold by producers and purchased by processors are unstable on the spot market and through informal contracts. In opposite, these quantities are stable for formal contracts. Knowledge of traditional institutions by the actors positively influences participation in formal and informal contracts. Knowledge of modern institutions negatively affects participation in informal contracts. The innovation platforms can be used to facilitate contracts between farmers and rice processors. Modern and traditional institutions may also be used to assist stakeholders in the enforcement of contracts.
Calloeneis roxanne Gordon and Hanley 2020, new species
Creators: name: Gordon, Robert D.
name: F, Guillermo González
name: Hanley, Guy A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Coccinellidae
Calloeneis
Calloeneis roxanne

description: 11. Calloeneis roxanne Gordon and Hanley, new species
 Description. Male holotype. Length 1.6 mm, width 1.3 mm; dorsal surface shiny, head distinctly alutaceous. Color yellow; elytron with narrow, oval dark brown macula on sutural margin in basal 1/2, additional black macula present on lateral margin in basal 1/2 (Fig. 43); meso,- metasternum black; abdomen with basal ventrite dark brown. Head punctures separated by a diameter or less; pronotal punctures small, separated by up to twice a diameter; elytral punctures larger than on pronotum, separated by up to three times a diameter; prosternal punctures small, separated by about a diameter; mesosternal punctures larger than on prosternum, separated by less than a diameter, metasternal punctures large, separated by a diameter or less medially, absent in lateral 1/3; abdominal ventrites 1, 2 with fine punctures separated by up to 3 times diameter medially, ventrites 2–4 finely, densely punctured medially; ventrite 5 finely, densely punctured. Head with frons parallel sided, 1.2 times as wide as eye, medially depressed. clypeal apex truncate (Fig. 44); eye canthus short, about half width of eye. Prosternum with lateral carina on each side curved, extended from apex of intercoxal process to lateral margin of prosternum. Epipleuron not descending externally. Postcoxal line on basal abdominal ventrite curved, extended 3/4 distance to rear margin of ventrite. Genitalia with penis guide shorter than paramere, sides parallel in basal 3/4, rounded to acute apex; paramere slender, curved, apex abruptly rounded (Fig. 45, 46); penis long, slender, apex shortly attenuate, basal capsule lost (Fig. 47).
 Female. Similar to male except genitalia with ramus bulbous, cornu strongly narrowed from base to slender apex (Fig. 48).
 Variation. Length 1.5 to 2.0 mm, width 1.3 to 1.7 mm. Elytral color pattern varies from that described above to having lateral macula absent or having both maculae absent.
 Type material. Holotype male: Chapada, Brazil, Acc No. 2966, Aug. (CMNH). Paratypes 29, same data as holotype except months April, June, September, October, November. (CMNH).
 Remarks. This species has a recognizable dorsal color pattern, although the pattern is somewhat variable. Otherwise male genitalia must be examined for identification.
description: Published as part of Gordon, Robert D., F, Guillermo González & Hanley, Guy A., 2020, South American Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), part XX: systematic revision of South American Calloeneis Grote (Cryptognathini), pp. 1-25 in Insecta Mundi 2020 (766) on page 11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353544
Relativistic Gravity With a Dynamical Preferred Frame
Creators: name: Mattingly, David
name: Jacobson, Ted
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While general relativity possesses local Lorentz invariance, both canonical quantum gravity and string theory suggest that Lorentz invariance may be broken at high energies. Broken Lorentz invariance has also been postulated as an explanation for astrophysical anomalies such as the missing GZK cutoff. Therefore, we seek an effective field theory description of gravity where Lorentz invariance is broken. We will construct a candidate theory and then briefly discuss some of the implications.
description: 5 pages,Talk presented by D. Mattingly at CPT01; the Second Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry, Bloomington, Indiana, 15-18 Aug. 2001
Anomalous Hall effect in antiferromagnetic/non-magnetic interfaces
Creators: name: Asa, Marco
name: Autieri, Carmine
name: Pazzocco, Riccardo
name: Rinaldi, Christian
name: Brzezicki, Wojciech
name: Stroppa, Alessandro
name: Cuoco, Mario
name: Picozzi, Silvia
name: Cantoni, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a combined theoretical and experimental investigation of magnetic proximity and Hall transport in Pt/Cr bilayers. Density functional theory indicates that an interfacial magnetization can be induced in the Pt layer and a strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy with an easy axis out of plane arises in the antiferromagnet. A signal ascribed to the anomalous Hall effect is detected and associated to the interface between Pt and Cr layers. We show that this effect originates from the combination of proximity-induced magnetization and a nontrivial topology of the band structure at the interface.
Undiscounted Control Policy Generation for Continuous-Valued Optimal Control by Approximate Dynamic Programming
Creators: name: Lock, Jonathan
name: McKelvey, Tomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: We present a numerical method for gen-erating the state-feedback control policy associatedwith general undiscounted, constant-setpoint, infinite-horizon, nonlinear optimal control problems with con-tinuous state variables. The method is based on ap-proximate dynamic programming, and is closely re-lated to approximate policy iteration. Existing methodstypically terminate based on the convergence of thecontrol policy and either require a discounted problemformulation or demand the cost function to lie in aspecific subclass of functions. The presented methodextends on existing termination criterea by requiringboth the control policy and the resulting system stateto converge, allowing for use with undiscounted costfunctions that are bounded and continuous. This paperdefines the numerical method, derives the relevantunderlying mathematical properties, and validates thenumerical method with representative examples. AMATLAB implementation with the shown examples isfreely available.
Generalized entropy optimized by an arbitrary distribution
Creators: name: Abe, Sumiyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the generalized entropy optimized by a given arbitrary statistical distribution with a finite linear expectation value of a random quantity of interest. This offers, via the maximum entropy principle, a unified basis for a great variety of distributions observed in nature, which can hardly be described by the conventional methods. As a simple example, we explicitly derive the entropy associated with the stretched exponential distribution. To include the distributions with the divergent moments (e.g., the Levy stable distributions), it is necessary to modify the definition of the expectation value.
description: 10 pages, no figures