cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Constraining H0 Via Extragalactic Parallax
Creators: name: Ferree, Nicolas C.
name: Bunn, Emory F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the prospects for measurement of the Hubble parameter $H_0$ via observation of the secular parallax of other galaxies due to our own motion relative to the cosmic microwave background rest frame. Peculiar velocities make distance measurements to individual galaxies highly uncertain, but a survey sampling many galaxies can still yield a precise $H_0$ measurement. We use both a Fisher information formalism and simulations to forecast errors in $H_0$ from such surveys, marginalizing over the unknown peculiar velocities. The optimum survey observes $\sim 10^2$ galaxies within a redshift $z_\mathrm{max}=0.06$. The required errors on proper motion are comparable to those that can be achieved by Gaia and future astrometric instruments. A measurement of $H_0$ via parallax has the potential to shed light on the tension between different measurements of $H_0$.
description: Published MNRAS October 2022 - 9 pages, 6 figures
Comparison of Three Different Metallization Concepts for LFC Cells
Creators: name: Nekarda, J.-F.
name: Hörteis, M.
name: Lottspeich, F.
name: Wolf, A.
name: Preu, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2245-2249
description: Laser fired contacts (LFC) are a well known technique to apply the rear side electrode on dielectrically
passivated solar cells. Thereby, the aluminum on top of the passivation is locally heated by means of single laser pulses and
subsequently alloyed into the silicon. In this contribution we present a comparison of three different metallization procedures
- physical vapor deposition (PVD), screen printing (SP) and an approach based on aluminum foil (Foil). We report about
their current state regarding industrial implementation and the corresponding laser processes, as well as the complexity of
these approaches. Furthermore, to compare the efficiency potential, we present results of a batch of highly efficient solar
cells, featuring all approaches on an identically processed front side, leading to efficiencies of 20.9 % (PVD), 21.2 % (SP)
and 21.0 % (foil).
Quantum Sensors: Improved Optical Measurement via Specialized Quantum States
Creators: name: Simon, David S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical measurement strategies in many areas are approaching their maximum resolution and sensitivity levels, but these levels often still fall far short of the ultimate limits allowed by the laws of physics. To go further, strategies must be adopted that take into account the quantum nature of the probe particles and that optimize their quantum states for the desired application. Here, we review some of these approaches, in which quantum entanglement, the orbital angular momentum of single photons, and quantum interferometry are used to produce optical measurements beyond the classical limit.
Improved Performance and Stability Of Flexible Dye Solar Cells
Creators: name: Miettunen, K.
name: Asghar, M.I.
name: Halme, J.
name: Lund, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Organic-based PV

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 587-590
description: The key challenges when using alternative substrate materials are reaching good performance and
stability. Here we investigated several different metals as well as different protective coatings to find suitable options
for stable electrode substrates. The aim is to provide a comprehensive view on the topic by showing new results as
well as reviewing the most recent studies. The studied protective coatings were a high coverage sputtered Pt layer at
the counter electrode side and a compact thin TiO2 layer at the photoelectrode. The stability of the cells was
examined in light soaking test using ~1 Sun light intensity and 40 °C temperature. It was found that besides titanium
also stainless steel 316L at counter electrode and Inconel alloy 600 at the photoelectrode can be stable even without
protective coatings. By applying a thin sputtered Pt layer (~20 nm) as the counter electrode catalyst, most of the
studied metals including e.g. stainless steel 304 passed the 1000 h light soaking test. Moreover, improved electrical
performance was gained with the sputtered layer compared to thermal platinization. Contrary to that, the thin compact
TiO2 layers (4 nm and 35 nm) at the stainless steel based photoelectrode enhanced neither the stability nor the initial
performance. These findings give further evidence that the degradation mechanisms at the metallic counter electrode
and photoelectrode are indeed very different. The main practical result is that in the case of both electrodes there are
metal substrates which reach both good stability and performance.
Non-planar femtosecond enhancement cavity for VUV frequency comb applications
Creators: name: Winkler, Georg
name: Fellinger, Jakob
name: Seres, Jozsef
name: Seres, Enikoe
name: Schumm, Thorsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: External passive femtosecond enhancement cavities (fsECs) are widely used to increase the efficiency of non-linear conversion processes like high harmonic generation (HHG) at high repetition rates. Their performance is often limited by beam ellipticity, caused by oblique incidence on spherical focusing mirrors. We introduce a novel three-dimensionally folded variant of the typical planar bow-tie resonator geometry that guarantees circular beam profiles, maintains linear polarization, and allows for a significantly tighter focus as well as a larger beam cross-section on the cavity mirrors. The scheme is applied to improve focusing in a Ti:Sapphire based VUV frequency comb system, targeting the 5th harmonic around 160 nm (7.8 eV) towards high-precision spectroscopy of the low-energy isomer state of Thorium-229. It will also be beneficial in fsEC-applications with even higher seeding and intracavity power where the damage threshold of the mirrors becomes a major concern.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, submitted to: Optics Express
Braid representatives minimizing the number of simple walks
Creators: name: Boden, Hans U.
name: Shimoda, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57K10, 57K14

description: Given a knot, we develop methods for finding the braid representative that minimizes the number of simple walks. Such braids lead to an efficient method for computing the colored Jones polynomial of $K$, following an approach developed by Armond and implemented by Hajij and Levitt. We use this method to compute the colored Jones polynomial in closed form for the knots $5_2, 6_1,$ and $7_2$. The set of simple walks can change under reflection, rotation, and cyclic permutation of the braid, and we prove an invariance property which relates the simple walks of a braid to those of its reflection under cyclic permutation. We study the growth rate of the number of simple walks for families of torus knots. Finally, we present a table of braid words that minimize the number of simple walks for knots up to 13 crossings.
description: Minor revision with sagemath programs and datasets as ancillary files. These files are also available from http://www.math.mcmaster.ca/~boden
Depth-Selective Laser Ablation for Monolithic Series Interconnection of Flexible Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Löffler, J.
name: Wipliez, L.A.
name: De Keijzer, M.A.
name: Bosman, J.
name: Soppe, W.J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2704-2706
description: ECN is currently developing the technology and setting up a pilot line for the production of single junction and
tandem solar cells based on microcrystalline and amorphous silicon on steel foil substrates. To allow monolithic series
interconnection on these electrically conducting substrates, an insulating layer is required. In the presented module
concept, first all layers of the solar cell are deposited, and after that series interconnection can be realized in one process
step by three depth-selective laser scribes (P1, P2, and P3) which are then filled by insulating and electrically conductive
inks. We present here the latest status of our laser process development on state-of-the art solid state lasers with three
different wavelengths. To gain more insight into the depth selectivity of the process, the ablation thresholds of the
different layers involved have been determined. Then, the laser parameters have been systematically varied, yielding a
pulse energy / spot overlap matrix. Also multi-pass scribing, (2 or more scribing lines on top of each other) has been
investigated. Confocal microscopy combined with optical microscopy, SEM and EDX are used as the main tool to
analyse the obtained laser scribes.
Mixed-precision explicit stabilized Runge-Kutta methods for single- and multi-scale differential equations
Creators: name: Croci, Matteo
name: de Souza, Giacomo Rosilho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65L04, 65L06, 65L20, 65M12, 65M20, 65G50, 65G30, 65M15, 65Y99

description: Mixed-precision algorithms combine low- and high-precision computations in order to benefit from the performance gains of reduced-precision without sacrificing accuracy. In this work, we design mixed-precision Runge-Kutta-Chebyshev (RKC) methods, where high precision is used for accuracy, and low precision for stability. Generally speaking, RKC methods are low-order explicit schemes with a stability domain growing quadratically with the number of function evaluations. For this reason, most of the computational effort is spent on stability rather than accuracy purposes. In this paper, we show that a naïve mixed-precision implementation of any Runge-Kutta scheme can harm the convergence order of the method and limit its accuracy, and we introduce a new class of mixed-precision RKC schemes that are instead unaffected by this limiting behaviour. We present three mixed-precision schemes: a first- and a second-order RKC method, and a first-order multirate RKC scheme for multiscale problems. These schemes perform only the few function evaluations needed for accuracy (1 or 2 for first- and second-order methods respectively) in high precision, while the rest are performed in low precision. We prove that while these methods are essentially as cheap as their fully low-precision equivalent, they retain the stability and convergence order of their high-precision counterpart. Indeed, numerical experiments confirm that these schemes are as accurate as the corresponding high-precision method.
description: 38 pages, 11 figures
Characterization of ZnO:Al Films Deposited at Room Temperature by RF and DC Magnetron Sputtering. A Comparative Study
Creators: name: Navarro, J.
name: Murillo, M.
name: Ezquer, M.
name: Turumbay, A.
name: Bengoechea, J.
name: Rodriguez, M.J.
name: Lagunas, A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2711-2714
description: This work presents a comparative study of ZnO:Al films deposited by magnetron sputtering technique from a
ZnO:Al2O3 target. The films have been deposited by using both RF and DC sources onto (15cm x 15cm) glass substrates.
The power applied has been varied from 180W to 360W, and the substrate temperature from 18ºC to 300ºC. The samples
have been characterized electrically (sheet resistance) and optically (transmittance and optical coefficients). The
characterization procedure is completed with thickness measurements as well as morphological analysis. The influence of
sputtering conditions on film properties has been investigated. Resistivity of 2x10-3 Ω·cm and transmittance over 85%, at
visible wavelengths, was achieved.
Application of Molecular Fluorine to Chamber Cleaning for Thin Film Silicon Solar Cell Fabrication
Creators: name: Petri, S.
name: Stockman, P.
name: Cigal, J.-C.
name: Szych, P.
name: Beyer, W.
name: Stiebig, H.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2735-2738
description: An effective chamber cleaning process for plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition for thin film
silicon solar cell production has been developed using on-site generated molecular fluorine. Molecular fluorine has
no global warming potential. Cleaning rate experiments on a production scale reactor demonstrate the significantly
higher clean rate potential and lower power consumption for fluorine versus nitrogen trifluoride. Chamber
inspections and solar cell data show identical cleaning results and device performance.
Impact of Super Apps on the Nutrition Transition in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Evidence from Indonesia
Creators: name: Elmira, Elza Samantha
name: Suryahadi, Asep
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: digital platform
subject: super app
subject: online food delivery
subject: nutrition transition
subject: overweight
subject: obesity

description: Many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are experiencing a nutrition transition from traditional diets to high-energy, processed foods, increasing non-communicable disease risks. Digitalization of food systems plays a significant role in shaping this transition. This paper investigates the impact of super app expansions (including food delivery, ridesharing, and other daily life assistance) on nutritional outcomes and the underlying mechanisms. Staggered district-level adoption of Indonesia's two largest digital platforms, Gojek and Grab from 2015 to 2018, is used. This information is combined with the health dataset from Indonesia’s Basic Health Survey (Riskesdas) and food consumption data from the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas). To address the endogeneity issue associated with the correlation between super app entry decisions and nutritional outcomes, we use doubly robust difference-in-differences, which incorporates baseline covariates ensuring a conditional parallel trend. The results show that super apps contribute to an increase in BMI scores, particularly among individuals who are already overweight and obese. This effect is especially driven by the online food delivery feature and is more pronounced in cities than regencies and among individuals with employment, above median income, and education beyond primary school. These increases could be attributed to unhealthy food consumption (i.e., salty and prepared foods). Our findings suggest that super apps may exacerbate malnutrition. On the other hand, we find underweight reduction in the cities and an overall increase in fruit and meat consumption, indicating super apps’ potential to improve malnutrition. These findings highlight the role of super apps in the nutrition transition in LMICs.
Silicon Solar Cell Fabrication in a CMOS Line
Creators: name: Hovel, H.J.
name: Krause, R.
name: Saenger, K.L.
name: Prettyman, K.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2259-2264
description: Solar cells are generally built in a process facility, often a “turn-key line,” where high throughput,
minimum handling, and lowest cost are dominant factors. However, CMOS lines, sometimes no longer needed
for CMOS circuit fabrication, are also suitable for solar cell manufacture, with both advantages and
disadvantages compared to turnkey lines. For CMOS lines, yield, reliability, and device size and complexity
are major issues and the cost of importance is that of the finished chip. These lines have advantages such as
sophisticated and highly developed automated equipment, frequent in-process metrology and quality control,
and a high degree of flexibility as well as highly advanced shop floor control systems. The major disadvantages
are cost and low throughput.
There are major differences between CMOS processing and turn-key processing, beginning with the
starting material and including junction formation, electrode deposition, dielectric coatings, furnace processing,
and the use of metrology. A CMOS line has been used within the IBM Research Division to explore typical
CMOS processes as applied to building solar cells, studying techniques for enhancing the performance, and
extending these enhancements to multicrystalline starting material.
ITO-Free Polymer Solar Cell with a Highly Conductive Pedot: PSS Anode
Creators: name: Morvillo, P.
name: Diana, R.
name: De Girolamo, A.
name: Minarini, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Organic-based PV

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 591-594
description: Actually the most promising polymer solar cell architecture utilizes ITO as transparent conducting
anode electrode. The limited flexibility of ITO and the increasing cost of indium make this kind of electrode not
desirable for realization of low-cost and flexible solar cells. For this reason, it is necessary to develop low-cost and
highly flexible transparent electrodes that can replace the widely used ITO.
In this paper we investigated a new commercial dispersion of PEDOT:PSS suitably modified with dimethyl sulfoxide
in solution in order to obtain an highly transparent and conductive manufactured film (HC-PEDOT:PSS). The
conductivity of the modified PEDOT:PSS reaches the value of 700 S/cm while the transparency is around 85% in the
visible range. This film was employed as anode in ITO-free polymer solar cells based on a bulk heterojunction of
poly(3-hexylthiophene) (electron donor material) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (electron acceptor
material). The devices were characterized by means of external quantum efficiency and current voltage measurements
performed in the dark and under simulated AM 1.5G illumination. The best efficiency obtained was 2.5%. The results
indicate that PEDOT:PSS films with highly enhanced conductivity could serve as a promising transparent electrode
for low-cost ITO-free organic solar cells.
Tradeoffs in Hierarchical Voting Systems
Creators: name: Böttcher, Lucas
name: Kernell, Georgia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Condorcet's jury theorem states that the correct outcome is reached in direct majority voting systems with sufficiently large electorates as long as each voter's independent probability of voting for that outcome is greater than 0.5. Yet, in situations where direct voting systems are infeasible, such as due to high implementation and infrastructure costs, hierarchical voting systems provide a reasonable alternative. We study differences in outcome precision between hierarchical and direct voting systems for varying group sizes, abstention rates, and voter competencies. Using asymptotic expansions of the derivative of the reliability function (or Banzhaf number), we first prove that indirect systems differ most from their direct counterparts when group size and number are equal to each other, and therefore to $\sqrt{N_{\rm d}}$, where $N_{\rm d}$ is the total number of voters in the direct system. In multitier systems, we prove that this difference is maximized when group size equals $\sqrt[n]{N_{\rm d}}$, where $n$ is the number of hierarchical levels. Second, we show that while direct majority rule always outperforms hierarchical voting for homogeneous electorates that vote with certainty, as group numbers and size increase, hierarchical majority voting gains in its ability to represent all eligible voters. Furthermore, when voter abstention and competency are correlated within groups, hierarchical systems often outperform direct voting, which we show by using a generating function approach that is able to analytically characterize heterogeneous voting systems.
description: 27 pages, 5 figures
Organic Photovoltaic Solar Cells Using Thin Tungsten Oxide As Interlayer Anode Contact Material
Creators: name: Ulrich, S.
name: Rösch, R.
name: Neubert, T.
name: Muhsin, B.
name: Szyszka, B.
name: Gobsch, G.
name: Hoppe, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Organic-based PV

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 605-607
description: Recent results for single junction bulk heterojunction OPV devices show markedly improved efficiencies above 8 %.
However, long term stability remains an open issue. The common ITO anode contact in combination with PEDOT:PSS is
known as a severe source of degradation. We investigate P3HT:PCBM based organic solar cells using an alternative
PEDOT:PSS free anode contact structure using a thin WO3 interlayer for hole extraction: Glass / ITO / WO3 (0 –
20 nm) / P3HT:PCBM/Al. We report on parameter variation of the device preparation with respect to WO3 interlayer
thickness. RF sputter deposition from ceramic ITO and reactive DC sputter deposition from metallic W targets was used for
deposition of the Glass / ITO / WO structure. By comparison of the solar cell performance with the conventional device
structure, the proof-of-principle and applicability of these potentially long-term stable oxide interlayer contact as
PEDOT:PSS replacements is demonstrated. The dependence of solar cell parameters on the oxide layer thickness is analyzed.
Performance of BP Solar Modules in High Ambient Temperature
Creators: name: Cunningham, D.W.
name: Shaner, J.
name: Miller, J.
name: Meyer, J.
name: Fotuhi, V.
name: Al Chalabi, Z.
name: Bkayrat, R.A.
name: Baeshen, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3592-3596
description: In August 2010, BP Solar, in collaboration with the King Abdullah University of Science &
Technology (KAUST), installed a 14kWp, grid connected array. The array contained 2 module designs, one
which was a standard design (60 cell, 156mm multi) and a new utility module. The new utility module contained
a ½ cell design for optimal operation in high irradiance (high current) and a modified rear EVA encapsulant
(InnerCool™) specially formulated to operate at lower temperatures in high irradiance conditions. Functional
aspects of the new utility module were presented at the 24th EuPVSEC meeting. This is the first grid connected
array for the utility module and the design of the trial was such that systematic errors associated with cell
selection and system design were minimized in order to have a high degree of confidence in the results. The
approach is described in detail in the text. This paper will report on the first full year of data from the grid
connected array that contains the standard design (as a control) and the high yield utility module design. The
results highlight the improved energy gain (3.8%) from the optimized utility module containing these two unique
features. This paper also discusses the approaches taken to capture these non-STC gains in commercially
avaliable sizing programmes.
Scotogenic majorana neutrino masses in a predictive orbifold theory of flavour
Creators: name: de Anda, Francisco J.
name: Medina, Omar
name: Valle, José W. F.
name: Vaquera-Araujo, Carlos A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of extra space-time dimensions provides a promising approach to the flavour problem. The chosen compactification of a 6-dimensional orbifold implies a remnant family symmetry $A_4$. This makes interesting predictions for quark and lepton masses, for neutrino oscillations and neutrinoless double beta decay, providing also a very good global description of all flavour observables. Due to an auxiliary $\mathbb{Z}_4$ symmetry, we implement a scotogenic Majorana neutrino mass generation mechanism with a viable WIMP dark matter candidate.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. v2: matches published version
Can the Better Temperature Coefficient of Thin Film Modules Make Up for Their Lower Efficiency under Southern European Climatic Conditions?
Creators: name: Kyriakarakos, G.
name: Papadakis, G.
name: Tsoutsos, T.
name: Savvakis, N.
name: Kanakis, I.
name: Schwartz, B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3604-3607
description: The number of installed PV systems in the Southern European countries is constantly rising. Given the
high solar potential of their climate more people want to invest in photovoltaics. The market available technologies are
increasing and there is a high interest in thin film technologies which present a lower purchase cost. The lower thermal
coefficient of some of these technologies leaves expectations of comparable power output with the higher efficiency
crystalline silicon technologies in the high temperatures of Southern Europe. Four PV technologies are installed at the
Agricultural University of Athens, a 3 kWp monocrystalline, a 2.99 kWp polycrystalline, a 3.6 kWp CIS thin film and a
2.178 kWp micro and amorphous silicon thin film. By comparing operational data of these arrays in cold, mild and hot
weather it is obvious that the micro and amorphous silicon thin film array produces more power during the hot summer
weather and as a whole it can produce more energy throughout the year than the rest of the technologies.
Toward Reliability in the NISQ Era: Robust Interval Guarantee for Quantum Measurements on Approximate States
Creators: name: Weber, Maurice
name: Anand, Abhinav
name: Cervera-Lierta, Alba
name: Kottmann, Jakob S.
name: Kyaw, Thi Ha
name: Li, Bo
name: Aspuru-Guzik, Alán
name: Zhang, Ce
name: Zhao, Zhikuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near-term quantum computation holds potential across multiple application domains. However, imperfect preparation and evolution of states due to algorithmic and experimental shortcomings, characteristic in the near-term implementation, would typically result in measurement outcomes deviating from the ideal setting. It is thus crucial for any near-term application to quantify and bound these output errors. We address this need by deriving robustness intervals which are guaranteed to contain the output in the ideal setting. The first type of interval is based on formulating robustness bounds as semi-definite programs, and uses only the first moment and the fidelity to the ideal state. Furthermore, we consider higher statistical moments of the observable and generalize bounds for pure states based on the non-negativity of Gram matrices to mixed states, thus enabling their applicability in the NISQ era where noisy scenarios are prevalent. Finally, we demonstrate our results in the context of the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) on noisy and noiseless simulations.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures, 11 pages appendix. Open-source code available at https://github.com/DS3Lab/robustness-intervals-quantum-measurements
Front-Contact-Grid Design for Silicon-Heterojunction Solar Cells
Creators: name: Casado, A.
name: Barrio Martin, R.
name: Fernández, S.
name: Gandía, J.J.
name: Cárabe, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2231-2235
description: Front-side behaviour of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells is intrinsically different from that of
conventional crystalline-silicon (c-Si) wafer solar cells. Hence new front-contact models and designs are required. A seriesresistance
model has been developed for SHJ solar cells, accurately fitting experimental data. Different front contact grids have
been designed and tested, and two different metal combinations (aluminium and titanium-silver) have been examined. It has
been concluded that less-resistive TCO layers are needed to improve the frontal behaviour of the cells. Since short-circuit
current density grows when the shadowing factor diminishes, a compromise must be found between the series resistance and
the shadowing factor in order to improve device behaviour.
Analysis of O2 Content in Front ITO Layers for a-Si:H/c-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells
Creators: name: Muñoz, D.
name: Favier, A.
name: Ozanne, A.-S.
name: Denis, C.
name: Ribeyron, P.J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2255-2258
description: In heterojunction devices, the ITO front layer is used as an antireflection coating in order to reduce the
large reflectance losses due to the high refractive index of silicon, but also it has to assure a good carrier collection,
though the very thin a-Si:H emitter layer exhibits a large sheet resistance. Moreover, it can play also an important
role on the passivation because of the band-bending provoked by its work function. In this work, we have processed
some heterojunction solar cells with different optimized ITO layers varying the oxygen flow to see the impact on the
final solar cells parameters. We have observed that when increasing the transparency of our layers, an expected gain
in Jsc is observed (>4mA/cm2). By contrast, a decrease of the FF due to a higher sheet resistance is also observed,
clearly indicating the best compromise for our device in terms of global efficiency. 19% efficiency HJ solar cells on
(n) c-Si substrate were fabricated on 148cm2 with an industrial process.
Up-Scaling of High Throughput a-Si Solar Cell Design on ZnO to 1.4m2 Modules
Creators: name: Kluth, O.
name: Losio, P.
name: Bakehe, S.
name: Caglar, O.
name: Goldbach, H.
name: Keller, M.
name: Benagli, S.
name: Meier, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2715-2717
description: This work reports on the development of a new economically attractive a-Si process with high
efficiency on LPCVD ZnO. It comprises an amorphous p-layer and a modified single chamber process for improved
interfaces. A 1cm2 a-Si record cell with 11.0% initial efficiency was obtained at about four times reduced process
time for the p-layer deposition compared to the commonly used μc-Si/a-Si double p-layer. The high FF and Voc
together with a low series resistance demonstrate the excellent quality of the LPCVD ZnO/a-Si p contact. The new
a-Si process was successfully up-scaled to 1.4 m2 modules yielding 10.3% initial active area efficiency for a a-Si
module and 11.1% initial active area efficiency for a a-Si/μc-Si module.
Estimating energy levels of a three-level atom in single and multi-parameter metrological schemes
Creators: name: Jahromi, Hossein Rangani
name: Radgohar, Roya
name: Hosseiny, Seyed Mohammad
name: Amniat-Talab, Mahdi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Determining the energy levels of a quantum system is a significant task, for instance, to analyze reaction rates in drug discovery and catalysis or characterize the compatibility of materials. In this paper we exploit quantum metrology, the research field focusing on the estimation of unknown parameters exploiting quantum resources, to address this problem for a three-level system interacting with laser fields. The performance of simultaneous estimation of the levels compared to independent one is also investigated in various scenarios. Moreover, we introduce, the Hilbert-Schmidt speed (HSS), a special type of quantum statistical speed, as a powerful figure of merit for enhancing estimation of energy spectrum. This measure is easily computable, because it does not require diagonalization of the system state, verifying its efficiency in high-dimensional systems.
Sensitivity of Internal Wave Energy Distribution over Seabed Corrugations to Adjacent Seabed Features
Creators: name: Karimpour, F.
name: Zareei, A.
name: Alam, M. -R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we show that the distribution of internal gravity waves energy over a patch of seabed corrugations strongly depends on the "distance" of the patch to adjacent seafloor features. Specifically, we consider the energy distribution over a patch of seabed ripples neighbored to i. another patch of ripples, and ii. a vertical wall. Seabed undulations with dominant wavenumber twice as large as overpassing internal waves reflect back part of the energy of the internal waves (Bragg reflection), let the rest of the energy to transmit or to be transferred to higher and lower modes. In the presence of a neighboring topography on the downstream side, the transmitted energy from the patch may reflect back, e.g. partially if the downstream topography is another set of seabed ripples, or fully if it is a vertical wall. The reflected wave from downstream topography is again reflected back by the patch of ripples through the same mechanism. This consecutive reflection goes on indefinitely leading to a complex interaction pattern including constructive and destructive interference of multiply reflected waves as well as an interplay between higher modes internal waves resonated over the topography. We show here that when steady state is reached both the qualitative and quantitative behavior of energy distribution over the patch is a strong function of the "distance" between the patch and the downstream topography. As a result, for instance, the local energy density in the water column can become an order of magnitude larger in certain areas merely based on where the downstream topography is. This may result in the formation of steep waves in specific areas of the ocean, leading to breaking and enhanced mixing. At a right distance, the wall or the second patch may also result in a complete disappearance of the trace of the seabed undulations on the upstream and the downstream wave field.
Вестник научной мысли,Выпуск 3 2020
Creators: name: Дагестанский территориальный институт профессиональных бухгалтеров
Publisher: name: Дагестанский территориальный институт профессиональных бухгалтеров
Year: 2020

description: Вестник научной мысли,Выпуск 3 2020
A Scaling Behavior of Bloch Oscillation in Weyl Semimetals
Creators: name: Wang, Yan-Qi
name: Liu, Xiong-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict a linear logarithmical scaling law of Bloch oscillation dynamics in Weyl semimetals (WSMs), which can be applied to detect Weyl nodal points. Applying the semiclassical dynamics for quasiparticles which are accelerated bypassing a Weyl point, we show that transverse drift exhibits asymptotically a linear log-log relation with respect to the minimal momentum measured from the Weyl point. This linear scaling behavior is a consequence of the monopole structure nearby the Weyl points, thus providing a direct measurement of the topological nodal points, with the chirality and anisotropy being precisely determined. We apply the present results to two lattice models for WSMs which can be realized with cold atoms in experiment, and propose realistic schemes for the experimental detection. With the analytic and numerical results we show the feasibility of identifying topological Weyl nodal points based on the present prediction.
description: 5+ pages, 4 figures
Search for dark photons using a multilayer dielectric haloscope equipped with a single-photon avalanche diode
Creators: name: Manenti, Laura
name: Mishra, Umang
name: Bruno, Gianmarco
name: Di Giovanni, Adriano
name: Millar, Alexander John
name: Morå, Knut Dundas
name: Pasricha, Renu
name: Roberts, Henry
name: Oikonomou, Panos
name: Sarnoff, Isaac
name: Weston, James
name: Arneodo, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the results of the search for dark photons with mass around 1.5$\,\rm eV/c^2$ using a multilayer dielectric haloscope equipped with an affordable and commercially available photosensor. The multilayer stack, which enables the conversion of dark photons (DP) to Standard Model photons, is made of 23 bilayers of alternating SiO$_2$ and Si$_3$N$_4$ thin films with linearly increasing thicknesses through the stack (a configuration known as a "chirped stack"). The thicknesses have been chosen according to an optimisation algorithm in order to maximise the DP-photon conversion in the energy region where the photosensor sensitivity peaks. This prototype experiment, baptised MuDHI (Multilayer Dielectric Haloscope Investigation) by the authors of this paper, has been designed, developed and run at the Astroparticle Laboratory of New York University Abu Dhabi, which marks the first time a dark matter experiment has been operated in the Middle East. No significant signal excess is observed, and the method of maximum log-likelihood is used to set exclusion limits at $90\%$ confidence level on the kinetic mixing coupling constant between dark photons and ordinary photons.
Bogomolny equation for the BPS Skyrme model from the strong necessary conditions
Creators: name: Stepien, L. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q85

description: We present a systematic tool of derivation of the Bogomolny equation for the BPS Skyrme model. Furthermore, we find a generalization of the Bogomolny equation to the case corresponding with a non-zero value of the external pressure. The method is based on the concept of strong necessary conditions and can be applied to any Skyrme like theory.
description: Some references (with their arXiv numbers) and the arXiv numbers of the other references, have been added. Some sentence in "Introduction" and the section "Acknowledgments" have been added, too
High Efficiency Solar Cells by Optimization of Front Surface Passivation on n-Type Rear Al Alloyed Emitter Structure
Creators: name: Veschetti, Y.
name: Schutz-Kuchly, T.
name: Manuel, S.
name: Gall, S.
name: Heslinga, D.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2265-2267
description: This study was based on the development of an industrial process to reach high efficiency on n-type
rear aluminium alloyed emitter solar cell. In order to minimize front surface recombination, a previous study showed
the interest of using a selective front surface field (FSF) concept which resulted in efficiency of 17.3% on large area.
Another way to improve the front surface passivation consists in increasing the substrate’s resistivity. A Cz ingot was
thus crystallised which resistivity varies between 12 .cm and 20 .cm. Standard and selective FSF processes were
applied on 5.cm Fz wafers and on 18 .cm wafers. An improvement in short-circuit current density of 2.2mA/cm²
was obtained on solar cells fabricated on higher resistivity wafers using a standard process. The selective FSF process
was made using etch-back concept. This allowed the use of only one diffusion step. The interest of combining of a
selective FSF process and higher resistivity substrate was demonstrated, leading to a certified efficiency of 17.7%
using screen-printing on large area. At this stage, the origin of lower open-circuit voltage needs to be analysed.
Further improvements in the fabrication process should result in efficiencies above 18%.
Time-dependent renormalized-natural-orbital theory applied to laser-driven H$_2^+$
Creators: name: Hanusch, A.
name: Rapp, J.
name: Brics, M.
name: Bauer, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently introduced time-dependent renormalized-natural orbital theory (TDRNOT) is extended towards a multi-component approach in order to describe H$_2^+$ beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Two kinds of natural orbitals, describing the electronic and the nuclear degrees of freedom are introduced, and the exact equations of motion for them are derived. The theory is benchmarked by comparing numerically exact results of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for a H$_2^+$ model system with the corresponding TDRNOT predictions. Ground state properties, linear response spectra, fragmentation, and high-order harmonic generation are investigated.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, RevTeX
Physically Explainable CNN for SAR Image Classification
Creators: name: Huang, Zhongling
name: Yao, Xiwen
name: Liu, Ying
name: Dumitru, Corneliu Octavian
name: Datcu, Mihai
name: Han, Junwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Integrating the special electromagnetic characteristics of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) in deep neural networks is essential in order to enhance the explainability and physics awareness of deep learning. In this paper, we first propose a novel physically explainable convolutional neural network for SAR image classification, namely physics guided and injected learning (PGIL). It comprises three parts: (1) explainable models (XM) to provide prior physics knowledge, (2) physics guided network (PGN) to encode the knowledge into physics-aware features, and (3) physics injected network (PIN) to adaptively introduce the physics-aware features into classification pipeline for label prediction. A hybrid Image-Physics SAR dataset format is proposed for evaluation, with both Sentinel-1 and Gaofen-3 SAR data being experimented. The results show that the proposed PGIL substantially improve the classification performance in case of limited labeled data compared with the counterpart data-driven CNN and other pre-training methods. Additionally, the physics explanations are discussed to indicate the interpretability and the physical consistency preserved in the predictions. We deem the proposed method would promote the development of physically explainable deep learning in SAR image interpretation field.
Detection efficiency evaluation for a large area neutron sensitive microchannel plate detector
Creators: name: Wang, Yiming
name: Yang, Yigang
name: Liu, Ren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, the detection efficiency of a large area neutron sensitive microchannel plate detector has been evaluated. A 6LiF/ZnS detector was employed as the benchmark detector, the TOF spectra of these two detectors were simultaneously measured and the energy spectra were then deduced to calculate the detection efficiency curve of the nMCP detector. Tests show the detection efficiency@25.3 meV thermal neutron is 34% for this nMCP detector.
Status of the Development of Micromorph Cells and Modules at SCHOTT Solar Thin Film
Creators: name: Frammelsberger, W.
name: Lechner, P.
name: Psyk, W.
name: Geyer, R.
name: Lechner, R.
name: Dandl, S.
name: Berginski, M.
name: Reuner, J.
name: Haslauer, A.
name: Maurus, H.
name: Lundszien, D.
name: Weber, U.
name: Hagemann, V.
name: Sohr, O.
name: Bauer, S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2718-2722
description: In contrast to wafer based crystalline silicon technology thin film technologies based on
microcrystalline silicon are still in their early years. Efficiencies on cell level were increased to values well above the
10 % level in the last years, but productivity on module size still suffers from quite low throughput. Various
equipment manufacturers have concentrated only recently on adjusting their tools to the special needs of the so called
micromorph technology. Schott Solar Thin Film started development on micromorph technology few years ago on
large area in the size of 1100 x 1300 mm². A record efficiency of 11.2 % was achieved on a small area module with
an overall thickness below 1.7 μm. The stabilization factor under IEC conditions was shown to be near 15 % for this
module.