cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Infrared phonon activity in pristine graphite
Creators: name: Manzardo, M.
name: Cappelluti, E.
name: van Heumen, E.
name: Kuzmenko, A. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study experimentally and theoretically the Fano-shaped phonon peak at 1590 cm$^{-1}$ (0.2 eV) in the in-plane optical conductivity of pristine graphite. We show that the anomalously large spectral weight and the Fano asymmetry of the peak can be qualitatively accounted for by a charged-phonon theory. A crucial role in this context is played by the particle-hole asymmetry of the electronic $π$-bands.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Soft power of frugal innovation and its potential role in India’s emergence as a global lead market for affordable excellence
Creators: name: Tiwari, Rajnish
name: Prabhu, Jaideep
Publisher: name: TUHH Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: frugal innovation
subject: soft power
subject: India
subject: lead markets
subject: reverse innovation
subject: culture
subject: resource-constrained innovation
subject: 330: Wirtschaft
subject: 330

description: The phenomenon of frugal innovation, as characterized by “affordable excellence”, is experiencing increasing acceptance by business leaders, policy makers and scholars around the world. Frugal products, services and technologies strive to radically increase affordability while significantly reducing their environmental footprint through careful and prudent use of resources. It is expected that frugal solutions will be increasingly necessary in both the developed and developing world to ensure social inclusion, environmental sustainability and continued economic growth. Traditionally, frugality has been regarded as a social virtue in India and the socio-cultural context of the country provides a fertile environment for the development of frugal products and services. Not surprisingly, considerable research shows that discussions of frugal innovations have been closely associated with India. This concept has now begun to spread to other developing and industrialized nations. A primary objective of this conceptual paper is to showcase how frugal innovations emanating from India have found acceptance in other corners of the world and why they contribute to India’s soft power on a global stage. We argue that frugal innovations can potentially provide a useful medium for a benevolent power that aims to promote peaceful coexistence, inclusive growth and prosperity around the world. Indian firms and policymakers should not become complacent about their existing businesses and fail to comprehend the importance of frugal innovation. They would be well advised to retain their focus on creating customer value and avoid falling prey to the dominant logic of potentially wasteful, unsustainable and exclusive innovation approaches. Instead of focusing on delivering “more for more for few” they should rather continue to focus on delivering “more for less for many”. The demand for affordable and sustainable excellence is sure to grow globally and India can establish itself as a global soft power in the process.
Universality of striped morphologies
Creators: name: Edlund, Erik
name: Jacobi, Martin Nilsson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method for predicting the low-temperature behavior of spherical and Ising spin models with isotropic potentials. For the spherical model the characteristic length scales of the ground states are exactly determined but the morphology is shown to be degenerate with checkerboard patterns, stripes and more complex morphologies having identical energy. For the Ising models we show that the discretization breaks the degeneracy causing striped morphologies to be energetically favored and therefore they arise universally as ground states to potentials whose Hankel transforms have nontrivial minima.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Carta giacimentologica delle Alpi Apuane. Sezione n. 249060-Gragnana. Scala 1:10.000
Creators: name: MECCHERI, MARCO
name: Massa, Giovanni
name: Notini, Paolo
name: CARMIGNANI, LUIGI
name: CONTI, PAOLO
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Carta Geologica e Giacimentologica a scala 1:10.000 dei marmi delle Alpi Apuane. Foglio 249060 - Gragnana. Università di Siena, 2004.
Geological and giacimentological map of the Alpi Apuane (Italy), at 1:10.000 scale, sheet 249060 - Gragnana. University of Siena, 2004.
A Systematic Survey of the Circular Polarization of Radio Sources with GALFACTS
Creators: name: Guram, Sukhpreet
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astronomy and Astrophysics
subject: Circular Polarization
subject: Radio Astronomy
subject: GALFACTS

description: The Galactic Arecibo L-band Feed Array Continuum Transit Survey (GALFACTS) is being carried out using the Arecibo Observatory Radio Telescope. The project aims to study the polarization of the radio sky in the frequency range of 1225-1525 MHz. The GALFACTS data should inform our understanding of the magnetic universe. Being the first of its kind spectropolarimetric survey using the Arecibo Telescope means that there are significant challenges when it comes to processing the data. A new GALFACTS Data Processing pipeline is being developed by the team beginning from scratch. This work describes the working of the pipeline in detail. Pipeline development forms a major part of this thesis. Apart from this the goal of this project is to look at the Circular Polarization (CP) properties of compact GALFACTS sources. The existing data on CP is sparse and it is still an open question as to the nature of mechanisms generating the CP that has been observed. Considerable work has been done as a part of this thesis to extract the very weak CP signal from the GALFACTS data. Again this required development of new techniques that are described in this thesis. Finally we take a look at the CP properties of the GALFACTS sources. We examine circular polarization in 7503 sources and detect CP signals in 283. This is the largest sample of circular polarization detects to date. We find no correlation with either linear polarization or with total power spectral index.
Fell algebras, groupoids, and projections
Creators: name: Deeley, Robin J.
name: Goffeng, Magnus
name: Yashinski, Allan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Examples of Fell algebras with compact spectrum and trivial Dixmier-Douady invariant are constructed to illustrate differences with the case of continuous trace $C^*$-algebras. At the level of the spectrum, this translates to only assuming the spectrum is locally Hausdorff (rather than Hausdorff). The existence of (full) projections is the fundamental question considered. The class of Fell algebras studied here arise naturally in the study of Wieler solenoids and applications to dynamical systems will be discussed in a separate paper.
description: 15 pages
Pricing Options in a Finite State Markov Chain Market
Creators: name: Ramarimbahoaka, Dimbinirina
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Markov Chain
subject: Options
subject: Backward Stochastic Differential Equations

description: We consider a finite state Markov chain which models uncertainties in a financial market. A stochastic discount function is considered and prices of perpetual American options and optimal exercise times are initially investigated using a stationary variational inequality. Our next topic uses backward and reflected backward stochastic differential equations as tools for pricing. To begin with, comparison results for backward stochastic differential equations with Lipschitz driver are introduced. We price European options in a market where the randomness is modelled by the finite state Markov chain. A hedging strategy for a European option is shown to be a solution of a backward stochastic differential equation whose driver is continuous and the fair price of the option is derived as the minimal solution of such an equation. The existence of solutions and the minimal solution of the backward stochastic differential equation with continuous driver are established. We extend the backward stochastic differential approach to the so-called reflected backward stochastic differential equation, again with the Markov chain noise. This is used to find a superhedging strategy for an American option in the presence of the stochastic discount function mentioned above. Existence and uniqueness results for the solution of a reflected backward stochastic differential equation are obtained.
Cooperative Information Sharing to Improve Distributed Learning in Multi-Agent Systems
Creators: name: Dutta, P. S.
name: Jennings, N. R.
name: Moreau, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Effective coordination of agents actions in partially-observable domains is a major challenge of multi-agent systems research. To address this, many researchers have developed techniques that allow the agents to make decisions based on estimates of the states and actions of other agents that are typically learnt using some form of machine learning algorithm. Nevertheless, many of these approaches fail to provide an actual means by which the necessary information is made available so that the estimates can be learnt. To this end, we argue that cooperative communication of state information between agents is one such mechanism. However, in a dynamically changing environment, the accuracy and timeliness of this communicated information determine the fidelity of the learned estimates and the usefulness of the actions taken based on these. Given this, we propose a novel information-sharing protocol, post-task-completion sharing, for the distribution of state information. We then show, through a formal analysis, the improvement in the quality of estimates produced using our strategy over the widely used protocol of sharing information between nearest neighbours. Moreover, communication heuristics designed around our information-sharing principle are subjected to empirical evaluation along with other benchmark strategies (including Littmans Q-routing and Stones TPOT-RL) in a simulated call-routing application. These studies, conducted across a range of environmental settings, show that, compared to the different benchmarks used, our strategy generates an improvement of up to 60% in the call connection rate; of more than 1000% in the ability to connect long-distance calls; and incurs as low as 0.25 of the message overhead.
Stability of Detonation Wave under Chain Branching Kinetics: Role of the Initiation Step
Creators: name: Levy, Michael Anthony
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Energy
subject: Engineering--Mechanical
subject: Detonation Wave
subject: Chain-Branching Kinetics
subject: Initiation

description: The linear stability analysis of planar detonation waves was studied under a chain branching reaction model. Such kinetics mimics the characteristics and reaction dynamics of hydrogen chemistry, and thus is the motivation of this study. The reaction model is applied to the steady one dimensional Zel'dovich, von-Neumann and Doering (ZND) detonation wave. It consists sequentially of a chain-initiation and chain-branching step both governed by Arrhenius rates, and followed by a temperature-independent chain-termination step where heat release is associated with. The stability analysis involves applying small perturbations to the reference ZND solution and observing for positive growth rates. The initiation activation energy was used as the varying parameter. The stability of the wave is mainly associated with the chain-branching reaction zone. The most challenging factor however, was formulating the downstream boundary condition and applying it far enough downstream where chemistry is more complete. The solution obtained is numerical, as it depends on results from the reference solution, which are only available numerically. Results shows a dominant, unstable mode that becomes non-oscillatory as initiation activation energy increases. Such behavior is consistent with predicted detonation cell mechanisms in literature.
A prescription and fast code for the long-term evolution of star clusters
Creators: name: Alexander, Poul E. R.
name: Gieles, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the star cluster evolution code Evolve Me A Cluster of StarS (EMACSS), a simple yet physically motivated computational model that describes the evolution of some fundamental properties of star clusters in static tidal fields. We base our prescription upon the flow of energy within the cluster, which is a constant fraction of the total energy per half-mass relaxation time. According to Henon's predictions, this flow is independent of the precise mechanisms for energy production within the core, and therefore does not require a complete description of the many-body interactions therein. For a cluster of equal-mass stars, we thence use dynamical theory and analytic descriptions of escape mechanisms to construct a series of coupled differential equations expressing the time evolution of cluster mass and radius. These equations are numerically solved using a fourth-order Runge-Kutta integration kernel, and the results benchmarked against a data base of direct N-body simulations. We use simulations containing a modest initial number of stars (1024 <= N <= 65 536) and point-mass tidal fields of various strengths. Our prescription is publicly available and reproduces the N-body results to within ~10 per cent accuracy for the entire post-collapse evolution of star clusters.
description: 18 pages, 15 figures, MNRAS in press. Ancillary file contains the code EMACSS, described in this paper
Displaced Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Graham, Peter W.
name: Kaplan, David E.
name: Rajendran, Surjeet
name: Saraswat, Prashant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The apparent absence of light superpartners at the LHC strongly constrains the viability of the MSSM as a solution to the hierarchy problem. These constraints can be significantly alleviated by R-parity violation (RPV). Bilinear R-parity violation, with the single operator L H_u, does not require any special flavor structure and can be naturally embedded in a GUT while avoiding constraints from proton decay (unlike baryon-number-violating RPV). The LSP in this scenario can be naturally long-lived, giving rise to displaced vertices. Many collider searches, particularly those selecting b-jets or leptons, are insensitive to events with such detector-scale displaced decays owing to cuts on track quality and impact parameter. We demonstrate that for decay lengths in the window ~1-1000 mm, constraints on superpartner masses can be as low as ~450 GeV for squarks and ~40 GeV for LSPs. In some parts of parameter space light LSPs can dominate the Higgs decay width, hiding the Higgs from existing searches. This framework motivates collider searches for detector-scale displaced vertices. LHCb may be ideally suited to trigger on such events, while ATLAS and CMS may need to trigger on missing energy in the event.
description: 35 pages, 4 figures
A Bernstein-type Inequality for High Dimensional Linear Processes with Applications to Robust Estimation of Time Series Regressions
Creators: name: Liu, Linbo
name: Zhang, Danna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Time series regression models are commonly used in time series analysis. However, in modern real-world applications, serially correlated data with an ultra-high dimension and fat tails are prevalent. This presents a challenge in developing new statistical tools for time series analysis. In this paper, we propose a novel Bernstein-type inequality for high-dimensional linear processes and apply it to investigate two high-dimensional robust estimation problems: (1) time series regression with fat-tailed and correlated covariates and errors, and (2) fat-tailed vector autoregression. Our proposed approach allows for exponential increases in dimension with sample size under mild moment and dependence conditions, while ensuring consistency in the estimation process.
Size-dependence of the dielectric breakdown strength from nano- to millimeter scale
Creators: name: Neusel, Claudia
name: Schneider, Gerold A.
Publisher: name: TUHH Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Dickenabhängigkeit
subject: Permittivität
subject: Breakdown strength
subject: ceramics
subject: polymers
subject: thickness-dependence
subject: permittivity-dependence
subject: Elektrischer Durchschlag
subject: Keramischer Werkstoff
subject: Polymere
subject: Dicke
subject: DielektrizitÃ¤tszahl
subject: 620

description: Dielectric breakdown decisively determines the reliability of nano- to centimeter sized electronic devices and components. Nevertheless, a systematic investigation of this phenomenon over the relevant lengths scales and materials classes is still missing. Here, the thickness and permittivity-dependence of the dielectric breakdown strength of insulating crystalline and polymer materials from the millimeter down to the nanometer scale is investigated. While the dependence of breakdown strength on permittivity was found to be thickness-independent for materials in the nm-mm range, the magnitude of the breakdown strength was found to change from a thickness-independent, intrinsic regime, to a thickness-dependent, extrinsic regime. The transition-thickness is interpreted as the characteristic length of a breakdown-initiating conducting filament. The results are in agreement with a model, where the dielectric breakdown strength is defined in terms of breakdown toughness and length of a conducting filament.
"El Amparo de la Ley": Hispanas' Use of Spanish Mexican and Anglo American Law in Northern New Mexico and Southern Colorado, 1848-1912
Creators: name: Archer, Carol
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Hispanic American Studies
subject: Hispanas
subject: Comparative law
subject: Women's rights

description: Following the conclusion of the Mexican American War of 1846-1848, and the acquisition of nearly one-half of Mexican territory, the United States replaced Spanish civil law with judicial procedures based on English common law in both New Mexico and Colorado Territories. New Mexico retained a community property system which ensured more property rights for women than the common law. However, based on the legal records of Rio Arriba County in New Mexico and Conejos and Costilla counties in Colorado, it is evident that Hispanas in both territories exercised customary inheritance practices, marital customs, and selective use of the law long after conquest. Changes in land title and taxation procedures, increased numbers of European Americans, especially in southern Colorado, and differing social attitudes affected the status of Hispanas. Cultural identity remained firm but new legal practices and power imbalances led to tremendous property loss.
title: Writing the Disabled Self: An Autoethnographic Study of Disablism in England 2015-2018
Creators: name: Davies, Lisa
Publisher: name: University of Central Lancashire
Year: 2024

description: Writing the Disabled Self is an autoethnography based on my lived experience of disablism in England. This thesis is grounded in a social model of disability, situated within the field of Disability Studies, and employs an Emancipatory Disability Research paradigm (EDR). My research documents and analyses the disablist nature of the relationship between society and self in the areas under study and highlights the human impact of disablism. The underlying premise of my thesis is that disablism exacerbates the experience of living with impairment. My thesis documents this experience in detail using an analysis of a personal journal I kept between 2015 and 2018, supplemented by research by disabled people from a range of sources. My research contributes to existing literature and theory by developing and illustrating the idea of psycho-emotional disablism. I apply Kitchin’s conceptualisation of ‘knowing our place’ and ‘being out of place’ to the experience of disabled people. I illustrate the exclusionary, sporadic, and conditional nature of accessibility for many disabled people including those, like myself, who are wheelchair users. I develop the concept of ‘decrepitification’ to describe and explain the process that claimants must engage in to have a chance of being found eligible for disability entitlements such as Employment and Support Allowance and Personal Independence Payment. I apply Garfinkel’s concept of degradation ceremonies to understand and conceptualise the psycho-emotional impact of disability related assessments. Given the enduring nature of disablism, I suggest that disabled people need strategies to help us mitigate its psycho-emotional impact. Therefore, I analyse and explore my use of gaming, humour, and comedy as a form of self-care. My thesis illustrates that disablism is socially embedded, widespread, and commonly unrecognised as a tangible aspect of the lives of many disabled people.
Роль бухгалтерського обліку, аудиту та податкової політики у розбудові незалежної України на шляху до Європейського Союзу : зб. праць учасників ІІ Міжнар. наук.-практ. конф. (9-10 листоп. 2023 р.). Житомир : Поліський національний університет, 2023. 384 с.
Creators: name: Н.М., Малюга
name: О.Ф., Ярмолюк
name: Л.А., Суліменко
name: Т.С., Гайдучок
name: Н.М., Савченко
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 350103
subject: Financial accounting
classificationCode: 350104
subject: International accounting
classificationCode: 350102
subject: Auditing and accountability
classificationCode: 350105
subject: Management accounting
classificationCode: 350101
subject: Accounting theory and standards

description: У збірнику представлені тези доповідей учасників ІІ Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції «Роль бухгалтерського обліку, аудиту та податкової політики у розбудові незалежної України на шляху до Європейського Союзу» (9-10 листопада 2023 р.), присвяченої міжнародним дням науки, молоді та бухгалтера. У матеріалах здійснений комплексний науковий розгляд актуальних питань в сфері обліку, оподаткування, аналізу та аудиту у площині євроінтеграційних процесів із залученням зусиль науковців різних країн.За точність викладу матеріалу та достовірність фактів, прізвищ, цитат відповідальними є автори тез.
Spectral Asymmetry and Index Theory on Manifolds with Generalised Hyperbolic Cusps
Creators: name: Hochs, Peter
name: Wang, Hang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a complete Riemannian manifold, which consists of a compact interior and one or more $φ$-cusps: infinitely long ends of a type that includes cylindrical ends and hyperbolic cusps. Here $φ$ is a function of the radial coordinate that describes the shape of such an end. Given an action by a compact Lie group on such a manifold, we obtain an equivariant index theorem for Dirac operators, under conditions on $φ$. These conditions hold in the cases of cylindrical ends and hyperbolic cusps. In the case of cylindrical ends, the cusp contribution equals the delocalised $η$-invariant, and the index theorem reduces to Donnelly's equivariant index theory on compact manifolds with boundary. In general, we find that the cusp contribution is zero if the spectrum of the relevant Dirac operator on a hypersurface is symmetric around zero.
description: Made changes for consistency with a correction in the paper arXiv:2110.00376 on which this paper builds
title: Инструменты государственного регулирования в условиях формирования пространственной экономики
title: Tools of State Regulation in Conditions of Spatial Economy Formation
Creators: name: Гончарук, Татьяна Яковлевна
name: Шамиев, Игорь Джалилович
Publisher: name: Издательский центр СурГУ
Year: 2019

description: В статье рассмотрены основные инструменты регулирования трансформационных процессов в экономической сфере на фоне возрастающего фактора пространства, их влияние на регионы страны. Анализируются механизмы государственного регулирования, влияющие на формирование пространственной экономики и позволяющие осуществить реформирование отечественной экономики.
description: The article considers the main instruments of regulation of transformation processes in the economic sphere in the framework of the growing spatial factor and their impact on the regions of the country. The mechanisms of the state regulation affecting the formation of spatial economics and allowing reforming the Russian economy are analyzed.
title: The Blue Engineer : IngenieurInnen mit ökologischer und sozialer Verantwortung. Ausgabe 02, Wintersemester 2011/2012
title: The Blue Engineer : Engineers with ecological and social Responsibility. Issue 02, Wintersemester 2011/2012
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Blue Engineering AG TUHH
Publisher: name: TUHH Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: sustainability
subject: university
subject: engineering
subject: 620: Ingenieurwissenschaften
subject: 81.80:Hochschulen, Fachhochschulen
subject: 83.02:Philosophie und Theorie der Volkswirtschaft
subject: Nachhaltige Entwicklung
subject: Universität
subject: Ingenieurwissenschaften
subject: Hamburg / Technische Universität
subject: 83.02
subject: 81.80
subject: 620

description: The Blue Engineer hat sich der Aufgabe widmet, über inner– und außeruniversitäre Themen mit Bezug zu ganzheitlich verstandener Nachhaltigkeit zu berichten.
Social Service Brokerage based on UDDI and Social Requirements
Creators: name: Świerzowicz, Jan
name: Picard, Willy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The choice of a suitable service provider is an important issue often overlooked in existing architectures. Current systems focus mostly on the service itself, paying little (if at all) attention to the service provider. In the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) registries have been proposed as a way to publish and find information about available services. These registries have been criticized for not being completely trustworthy. In this paper, an enhancement of existing mechanisms for finding services is proposed. The concept of Social Service Broker addressing both service and social requirements is proposed. While UDDI registries still provide information about available services, methods from Social Network Analysis are proposed as a way to evaluate and rank the services proposed by a UDDI registry in social terms.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Photogrammetric Advances to C-arm Use in Surgery
Creators: name: Esfandiari, Hooman
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Surgery
subject: Engineering--Biomedical
subject: Photogrammetry
subject: Orthopaedic Surgery
subject: C-arm
subject: X-ray
subject: Pose Recognition
subject: Base-Tracking
subject: medical imaging

description: C-arms are commonly used during orthopaedic surgeries to provide real-time static or dynamic fluoroscopic imaging. These devices are mostly utilized for qualitative assessment during operations; several advancements, such as C-arm tracking, must be accomplished to make them capable of providing quantitative measurements. This thesis presents in two major contributions to C-arm quantification: (1) development and testing of a monocular visual odometry method to track the C-arm base and (2) development and testing of a particular application, estimating the pose of an intramedullary (IM) nail for fracture surgery. The proposed base-tracking system can either be integrated with a C-arm joint tracking module or employed on its own, e.g. for steering. An IM-nail pose estimation method is proposed in this research that is capable of reporting the position and orientation of an inserted IM-nail. The offered IM-nail pose estimation method can help reduce both radiation exposure and time during surgery.
Effect of dynamical traps on chaotic transport in a meandering jet flow
Creators: name: Uleysky, M. Yu.
name: Budyansky, M. V.
name: Prants, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We continue our study of chaotic mixing and transport of passive particles in a simple model of a meandering jet flow [Prants, et al, Chaos {\bf 16}, 033117 (2006)]. In the present paper we study and explain phenomenologically a connection between dynamical, topological, and statistical properties of chaotic mixing and transport in the model flow in terms of dynamical traps, singular zones in the phase space where particles may spend arbitrary long but finite time [Zaslavsky, Phys. D {\bf 168--169}, 292 (2002)]. The transport of passive particles is described in terms of lengths and durations of zonal flights which are events between two successive changes of sign of zonal velocity. Some peculiarities of the respective probability density functions for short flights are proven to be caused by the so-called rotational-islands traps connected with the boundaries of resonant islands (including the vortex cores) filled with the particles moving in the same frame and the saddle traps connected with periodic saddle trajectories. Whereas, the statistics of long flights can be explained by the influence of the so-called ballistic-islands traps filled with the particles moving from a frame to frame.
Entanglement Transitions from Stochastic Resetting of Non-Hermitian Quasiparticles
Creators: name: Turkeshi, Xhek
name: Dalmonte, Marcello
name: Fazio, Rosario
name: Schirò, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We put forward a phenomenological theory for entanglement dynamics in monitored quantum many-body systems with well-defined quasiparticles. Within this theory entanglement is carried by ballistically propagating non-Hermitian quasiparticles which are stochastically reset by the measurement protocol with rate given by their finite inverse lifetime. We write down a renewal equation for the statistics of the entanglement entropy and show that depending on the spectrum of quasiparticle decay rates different entanglement scaling can arise and even sharp entanglement phase transitions. When applied to a Quantum Ising chain where the transverse magnetization is measured by quantum jumps, our theory predicts a critical phase with logarithmic scaling of the entanglement, an area law phase and a continuous phase transition between them, with an effective central charge vanishing as a square root at the transition point. We compare these predictions with with exact numerical calculations on the same model and find an excellent agreement.
description: 5+7 pages, 3 figures + Erratum
Cellular mechanisms underlying cortical spreading depression
Creators: name: Zhou, Ning
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Cortical spreading depression (SD) is a slowly propagating wave of brain cell depolarization that manifests in several neurological conditions, including migraine with aura, ischemia and brain trauma. The unique pattern of SD propagation suggests that it arises from an unusual form of intercellular communication. To advance our understanding of SD, we used two-photon imaging, intrinsic optical imaging, electrophysiological recording, and amperometric glutamate biosensor measurement to study the mechanisms underlying SD propagation in acute isolated brain slices. In Chapter 2 we examined and compared the neuronal versus astrocytic changes in cellular processes which are fundamental to both cell types including cell volume, pH and metabolism during SD propagation. We found that SD was correlated in neurons with robust yet transient increased volume, intracellular acidification and mitochondrial depolarization. Our data indicated that a propagating large conductance during SD generated neuronal depolarization, which led to both calcium influx triggering metabolic changes and H⁺ entry. Notably, astrocytes did not exhibit changes in cell volume, pH or mitochondrial membrane potentials associated with SD but they did show alterations induced by changing external [K⁺]. This suggests that astrocytes are not the primary contributor to SD propagation but are instead activated passively by extracellular potassium accumulation. In Chapter 3 we used enzyme based glutamate electrodes to show that NMDA receptors likely at presynaptic sites, trigger SD by evoking glutamate release via vesicular exocytosis, independent of action potentials and voltage gated calcium channels. Both SD- and NMDA-induced vesicular exocytosis of glutamate are triggered by efflux of calcium from mitochondria via the mitochondrial Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger. Through this mechanism NMDAR stimulation evokes a vicious cycle of glutamate-induced glutamate release. Diffusion of glutamate to more distant NMDARs will generate a slowly propagating regenerative glutamate release to cause widespread neuronal depolarization. These data offer support for the hypothesis that neuronal signaling pathways play a crucial role in propagation of SD and the following pathophysiological responses. Particularly, a novel form of NMDAR-dependent regenerative glutamate release is responsible for the cellular mechanisms that promote SD progression. In addition, this research may provide insight into possible clinical targets for treatment of SD-related neurological disorders.
Where 'Ignoring Delete Lists' Works: Local Search Topology in Planning Benchmarks
Creators: name: Hoffmann, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Between 1998 and 2004, the planning community has seen vast progress in terms of the sizes of benchmark examples that domain-independent planners can tackle successfully. The key technique behind this progress is the use of heuristic functions based on relaxing the planning task at hand, where the relaxation is to assume that all delete lists are empty. The unprecedented success of such methods, in many commonly used benchmark examples, calls for an understanding of what classes of domains these methods are well suited for. In the investigation at hand, we derive a formal background to such an understanding. We perform a case study covering a range of 30 commonly used STRIPS and ADL benchmark domains, including all examples used in the first four international planning competitions. We *prove* connections between domain structure and local search topology -- heuristic cost surface properties -- under an idealized version of the heuristic functions used in modern planners. The idealized heuristic function is called h^+, and differs from the practically used functions in that it returns the length of an *optimal* relaxed plan, which is NP-hard to compute. We identify several key characteristics of the topology under h^+, concerning the existence/non-existence of unrecognized dead ends, as well as the existence/non-existence of constant upper bounds on the difficulty of escaping local minima and benches. These distinctions divide the (set of all) planning domains into a taxonomy of classes of varying h^+ topology. As it turns out, many of the 30 investigated domains lie in classes with a relatively easy topology. Most particularly, 12 of the domains lie in classes where FFs search algorithm, provided with h^+, is a polynomial solving mechanism. We also present results relating h^+ to its approximation as implemented in FF. The behavior regarding dead ends is provably the same. We summarize the results of an empirical investigation showing that, in many domains, the topological qualities of h^+ are largely inherited by the approximation. The overall investigation gives a rare example of a successful analysis of the connections between typical-case problem structure, and search performance. The theoretical investigation also gives hints on how the topological phenomena might be automatically recognizable by domain analysis techniques. We outline some preliminary steps we made into that direction.
High School Principals' Understanding of Instructional Leadership: An Emerging Theory
Creators: name: Murray, Carol
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Education--Administration
subject: Leadership
subject: Secondary

description: Instructional leadership has been identified as having a significant impact on student success. A constructivist approach to grounded theory was utilized in this qualitative study to explore the question: How is instructional leadership understood and practiced by principals in high schools? A grounded theory of instructional leadership emerged as a result of examining the understandings and perceptions of three high school principals in a large urban school jurisdiction through four sources of data: an online demographic questionnaire, individual interviews, a member checking interview, and school based documents. Through grounded theory analysis five components of instructional leadership practice were identified: leading from inquiry, setting the learning agenda, symbolizing education, extending ownership, and understanding people. These five components contribute to and stem from the core component of the principal as the point of influence. The emerging theory suggests that the intentional employment of these components of instructional leadership practice enhances principal focus on supporting high school student success. This study contributes to the professional knowledge and understanding of instructional leadership practices of urban high school principals in supporting student success and provides guidance for the professional learning of principals in their quest to lead this work within high schools.
DRESDYN - A new facility for MHD experiments with liquid sodium
Creators: name: Stefani, F.
name: Eckert, S.
name: Gerbeth, G.
name: Giesecke, A.
name: Gundrum, Th.
name: Steglich, C.
name: Weier, T.
name: Wustmann, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The DREsden Sodium facility for DYNamo and thermohydraulic studies (DRESDYN) is intended as a platform both for large scale experiments related to geo- and astrophysics as well as for experiments related to thermohydraulic and safety aspects of liquid metal batteries and liquid metal fast reactors. The most ambitious projects in the framework of DRESDYN are a homogeneous hydromagnetic dynamo driven solely by precession and a large Taylor-Couette type experiment for the combined investigation of the magnetorotational instability and the Tayler instability. In this paper we give a short summary about the ongoing preparations and delineate the next steps for the realization of DRESDYN.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Magnetohydrodynamics
Exact-WKB analysis for SUSY and quantum deformed potentials: Quantum mechanics with Grassmann fields and Wess-Zumino terms
Creators: name: Kamata, Syo
name: Misumi, Tatsuhiro
name: Sueishi, Naohisa
name: Ünsal, Mithat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum deformed potentials arise naturally in quantum mechanical systems of one bosonic coordinate coupled to $N_f$ Grassmann valued fermionic coordinates, or to a topological Wess-Zumino term. These systems decompose into sectors with a classical potential plus a quantum deformation. Using exact WKB, we derive exact quantization condition and its median resummation. The solution of median resummed form gives physical Borel-Ecalle resummed results, as we show explicitly in quantum deformed double- and triple- well potentials. Despite the fact that instantons are finite action, for generic quantum deformation, they do not contribute to the energy spectrum at leading order in semi-classics. For certain quantized quantum deformations, where the alignment of levels to all order in perturbation theory occurs, instantons contribute to the spectrum. If deformation parameter is not properly quantized, their effect disappears, but higher order effects in semi-classics survive. In this sense, we classify saddle contributions as fading and robust. Finally, for quantum deformed triple-well potential, we demonstrate the P-NP relation, by computing period integrals and Mellin transform.
description: 66 pages, 6 figures. v2: Minor revisions, v3: Sec.II is added. Typos are fixed, v4: Minor revisions
Can filamentary accretion explain the orbital poles of the Milky Way satellites?
Creators: name: Pawlowski, M. S.
name: Kroupa, P.
name: Angus, G.
name: de Boer, K. S.
name: Famaey, B.
name: Hensler, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several scenarios have been suggested to explain the phase-space distribution of the Milky Way (MW) satellite galaxies in a disc of satellites (DoS). To quantitatively compare these different possibilities, a new method analysing angular momentum directions in modelled data is presented. It determines how likely it is to find sets of angular momenta as concentrated and as close to a polar orientation as is observed for the MW satellite orbital poles. The method can be easily applied to orbital pole data from different models. The observed distribution of satellite orbital poles is compared to published angular momentum directions of subhalos derived from six cosmological state-of-the-art simulations in the Aquarius project. This tests the possibility that filamentary accretion might be able to naturally explain the satellite orbits within the DoS. For the most likely alignment of main halo and MW disc spin, the probability to reproduce the MW satellite orbital pole properties turns out to be less than 0.5 per cent in Aquarius models. Even an isotropic distribution of angular momenta has a higher likelihood to produce the observed distribution. The two Via Lactea cosmological simulations give results similar to the Aquarius simulations. Comparing instead with numerical models of galaxy-interactions gives a probability of up to 90 per cent for some models to draw the observed distribution of orbital poles from the angular momenta of tidal debris. This indicates that the formation as tidal dwarf galaxies in a single encounter is a viable, if not the only, process to explain the phase-space distribution of the MW satellite galaxies.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
A todo vapor : mechanisation in Porfirian Mexico : steam power and machine building, 1862 to 1906.
Creators: name: Aviles-Galan, Miguel Angel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This dissertation develops readings and interpretations about technological artifacts and machines in relation to mechanical engineering, and social, political, and material culture during the Porfiriato, that period in Mexican history associated with the rule of Porfirio Díaz between 1876 and 1910. It is argued that the Porfiriato facilitated the mechanical revolution of the country that transformed the life experience of Mexicans. To describe the process of Mexico’s mechanisation, this dissertation examines the case of an iron foundry, the Fundición de Sinaloa (The Fundición or ES), that was established in Mazatlán, State of Sinaloa, by the early 1870s. It is argued that this foundry was the site where technological adaptation of steam engineering took place leading to the development of a system for the construction of machines. As a result, from 1891 to 1906, the foundry produced diverse tools and machinery by adapting state-of-the-art thermodynamic technology and machines. The analysis of the Fundición took shape through the interpretation of original engineering drawings and photographs of steam machines built in the workshops of the foundry in Mazatlán. In addition, other archival documents and secondary sources were consulted, including the accounts of those who witnessed and experienced the socio-cultural effects of technoscientific artifacts in Mexico at the turn of the nineteenth century. In order to interpret this rich and complex body of evidence, this dissertation utilises, in combination, Actor-Network-Theory, Technological Systems, and visual analysis as theoretical frameworks. It is argued that machines are historical actors that interact with social groups through the creation of networks. In turn, these interactions establish diverse sociotechnological arrangements while shaping the ways in which machines and artifacts are understood and conceptualised across cultures and time. Finally, it is explored how, by the end of the nineteenth century, there was a favourable combination of local and international conditions that constituted the historical context for this case of technological adaptation.
Large-Area Sandwich Veto Detector with WLS Fibre Readout for Hadron Spectroscopy at COMPASS
Creators: name: Schlüter, T.
name: Dünnweber, W.
name: Dhibar, K.
name: Faessler, M.
name: Geyer, R.
name: Rajotte, J. -F.
name: Roushan, Z.
name: Wöhrmann, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A sandwich detector composed of scintillator and steel-covered lead layers was introduced in the fixed-target COMPASS experiment at CERN for vetoing events not completely covered by the two-stage magnetic spectrometer. Wavelength shifting fibres glued into grooves in the scintillator tiles serve for fast read-out. Minimum ionizing particles impinging on the $2 \textrm{m} \times 2 \textrm{m}$ detector outside of a central hole, sparing the spectrometer's entry, are detected with a probability of 98%. The response to charged particles and photons is modeled in detail in Monte Carlo calculations. Figures of merit of the veto trigger in $190 \textrm{GeV}/c$ $π^- + p$ (or nucleus) experiments are an enrichment of exclusive events in the recorded data by a factor of 3.5 and a false-veto probability of 1%.