cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Operational Automatic Remote Sensing Image Understanding Systems: Beyond Geographic Object-Based and Object-Oriented Image Analysis (GEOBIA/GEOOIA). Part 1: Introduction
Creators: name: Baraldi, Andrea
name: Boschetti, Luigi
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2012
Subjects: categorical variable, computer vision
continuous variable
decision-tree classifier
deductive learning from rules
Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA)
Geographic Object-Oriented Image Analysis (GEOOIA)
human vision
image classification
inductive learning from either labeled (supervised) or unlabeled (unsupervised) data
inference
machine learning
physical model
pre-attentive and attentive vision
prior knowledge
radiometric calibration
remote sensing
Satellite Image Automatic Mapper (SIAM)
syntactic inference system
statistical model
Strengths Weakness Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis of a project

description: According to existing literature and despite their commercial success, state-of-the-art two-stage non-iterative geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) systems and three-stage iterative geographic object-oriented image analysis (GEOOIA) systems, where GEOOIA ⊃ GEOBIA, remain affected by a lack of productivity, general consensus and research. To outperform the degree of automation, accuracy, efficiency, robustness, scalability and timeliness of existing GEOBIA/GEOOIA systems in compliance with the Quality Assurance Framework for Earth Observation (QA4EO) guidelines, this methodological work is split into two parts. The present first paper provides a multi-disciplinary Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis of the GEOBIA/GEOOIA approaches that augments similar analyses proposed in recent years. In line with constraints stemming from human vision, this SWOT analysis promotes a shift of learning paradigm in the pre-attentive vision first stage of a remote sensing (RS) image understanding system (RS-IUS), from sub-symbolic statistical model-based (inductive) image segmentation to symbolic physical model-based (deductive) image preliminary classification. Hence, a symbolic deductive pre-attentive vision first stage accomplishes image sub-symbolic segmentation and image symbolic pre-classification simultaneously. In the second part of this work a novel hybrid (combined deductive and inductive) RS-IUS architecture featuring a symbolic deductive pre-attentive vision first stage is proposed and discussed in terms of: (a) computational theory (system design); (b) information/knowledge representation; (c) algorithm design; and (d) implementation. As proof-of-concept of symbolic physical model-based pre-attentive vision first stage, the spectral knowledge-based, operational, near real-time Satellite Image Automatic Mapper™ (SIAM™) is selected from existing literature. To the best of these authors’ knowledge, this is the first time a symbolic syntactic inference system, like SIAM™, is made available to the RS community for operational use in a RS-IUS pre-attentive vision first stage, to accomplish multi-scale image segmentation and multi-granularity image pre-classification simultaneously, automatically and in near real-time.
The volume of random simplices from elliptical distributions in high dimension
Creators: name: Gusakova, Anna
name: Heiny, Johannes
name: Thäle, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 52A22, 52A23, 60B20, Secondary 60D05, 60F05

description: Random simplices and more general random convex bodies of dimension $p$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$ with $p\leq n$ are considered, which are generated by random vectors having an elliptical distribution. In the high-dimensional regime, that is, if $p\to\infty$ and $n\to\infty$ in such a way that $p/n\toγ\in(0,1)$, a central and a stable limit theorem for the logarithmic volume of random simplices and random convex bodies is shown. The result follows from a related central limit theorem for the log-determinant of $p\times n$ random matrices whose rows are copies of a random vector with an elliptical distribution, which is established as well.
description: 25 pages
A search for form in a new culture : coming to terms with the unfamiliar by observation, process and imagery in representational painting
Creators: name: Lu, Jocelyn Shu-Lin Chou.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Chiral Heterotic Strings with Positive Cosmological Constant
Creators: name: Florakis, Ioannis
name: Rizos, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present explicit examples of semi-realistic heterotic models with spontaneously broken supersymmetry, which dynamically lead to breaking scales much smaller than $M_{\rm Planck}$ and exponentially small positive values for the cosmological constant. Contrary to field theoretic intuition, we find that the global structure of the effective potential is significantly affected by contributions of massive and non-level matched string states and we investigate the conditions that dynamically ensure a number of desired properties.
description: 46 pages, refs added
Phase diagram of dirty two-band superconductors and observability of impurity-induced $s+is$ state
Creators: name: Silaev, Mihail
name: Garaud, Julien
name: Babaev, Egor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the phase diagram of dirty two-band superconductors. This paper primarily focuses on the properties and observability of the time-reversal symmetry-breaking $s+is$ superconducting states, which can be generated in two-band superconductors by interband impurity scattering. We show that such states can appear in two distinct ways. First, according to a previously discussed scenario, the $s+is$ state can form as an intermediate phase at the impurity-driven crossover between $s_{\pm}$ and $s_{++}$ states. We show that there is a second scenario where domains of the $s+is$ state exists in the form of an isolated dome inside the $s_{\pm}$ domain, completely detached from the transition between $s_{\pm}$ and $s_{++}$ states. We demonstrate that in both cases the $s+is$ state, generated by impurity scattering exists in an extremely small interval of impurity concentrations. Although this likely precludes direct experimental observation of the $s+is$ state formation due to this mechanism, this physics leads to the appearance of a region inside both the $s_{\pm}$ and $s_{++}$ domains with unusual properties due to softening of normal modes.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Leadership Behavior in CBE and Its Effect on Employee Performance: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment
Creators: name: Worku, Dasalegn
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2016

description: The increasingly competitive global economy has pushed companies to exploit their available resources as a means of achieving competitive advantage. In this regard leadership is critically important because it has a great impact on the condition of the organization. The purpose of this quantitative study is to investigate the relationship between Leadership behavior and employees' Performance and employee commitment as mediating factor. The research is cross-sectional one. The research approach applied for this study was quantitative type of research where both descriptive and explanatory analyses have been deployed. The target population of this study was employees of commercial bank of Ethiopia working in Addis Ababa area at branch level, which includes 4 districts. From 5,500 total populations of CBE branches, which are found in Addis Ababa city, 420 employees were selected as the sample of the study. Sample random sampling technique was used to select the branches and individual respondents. The standardized questionnaires of leadership behavior organizational commitment and employees' performance were adapted from previous standard questionnaire. ANOVA Analysis was used to compare the demographic characteristics of the respondents. Correlation and linear regression were used to analyze the relationship and its effect between leadership behavior and employees' performance through organization commitment as mediator. The regression results showed that the leadership behaviors have significant contribution for organizational commitment and employees' performance. Moreover, all organizational commitment dimensions have significant effect with organizational performance. At last, the result conformed that organizational commitment has a mediating effect between leadership behavior and employees performance. Generally, managers need to improve their behavior to the highest level to improve the organizational commitment and employees' performance. Key words: leadership behavior, employees' performance and Organizational commitment
Line shapes and time dynamics of the Förster resonances between two Rydberg atoms in a time-varying electric field
Creators: name: Yakshina, E. A.
name: Tretyakov, D. B.
name: Beterov, I. I.
name: Entin, V. M.
name: Andreeva, C.
name: Cinins, A.
name: Markovski, A.
name: Iftikhar, Z.
name: Ekers, A.
name: Ryabtsev, I. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation of the Stark-tuned Förster resonances between Rydberg atoms excited by narrowband cw laser radiation requires usage of a Stark-switching technique in order to excite the atoms first in a fixed electric field and then to induce the interactions in a varied electric field, which is scanned across the Förster resonance. In our experiments with a few cold Rb Rydberg atoms we have found that the transients at the edges of the electric pulses strongly affect the line shapes of the Förster resonances, since the population transfer at the resonances occurs on a time scale of $\sim$100 ns, which is comparable with the duration of the transients. For example, a short-term ringing at a certain frequency causes additional radio-frequency-assisted Förster resonances, while non-sharp edges lead to asymmetry. The intentional application of the radio-frequency field induces transitions between collective states, whose line shape depends on the interaction strengths and time. Spatial averaging over the atom positions in a single interaction volume yields a cusped line shape of the Förster resonance. We present a detailed experimental and theoretical analysis of the line shape and time dynamics of the Stark-tuned Förster resonances ${\rm Rb}(nP_{3/2} )+{\rm Rb}(nP_{3/2} )\to {\rm Rb}(nS_{1/2} )+{\rm Rb}([n+1]S_{1/2} )$ for two Rb Rydberg atoms interacting in a time-varying electric field.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures
Public Policy making in Post-1991 Ethiopia: the Case of Urban Land Lease Policy
Creators: name: Shewakena, Biruk
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2014

description: There is a w idespread belief that one of the critical and recurring shortcomings of the post-1991 policymaking pr ocesses happens t o b e t his imbalance between po licymaking institutions a nd societal act ors. The main focus o f t he study was t o u ndertake an a ssessment o n p ublic policymaking in post-1991 Ethiopia with particular reference to the Urban Land Lease Policy. A qualitative r esearch methodology has been followed in t he s tudy. A nd a ca se s tudy d esign has been ut ilized. P urposive sampling t echnique has been e mployed t o identify t he p otential study participants from t he s tudy's t arget po pulation. Key informant interview has been u sed a s t he primary da ta ga thering t ool. S econdary da ta has been acquired by r eviewing pu blished o r unpublished w ritten do cuments including a rchives. F inally, it w as found o ut that the r uling party's policy elites have been the most common actors in the policymaking process. The nature of r elationship a mong t he po licy makers a nd po licy r eceivers w ithin t he po licymaking system has been unbalanced. This is specifically true in the case of the Urban Land Lease Policy where a committee es tablished b y t he M UDC has been the f oremost ac tor i n t he p olicy formulation process
Neutrino Decoupling Is Altered by Flavor Conversion
Creators: name: Shalgar, Shashank
name: Tamborra, Irene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The large neutrino density in the deep interior of core-collapse supernovae and compact binary merger remnants makes neutrino flavor evolution non-linear because of the coherent forward scattering of neutrinos among themselves. Under the assumption of spherical symmetry, we model neutrino decoupling from matter in an idealized setup and present the first non-linear simulation of flavor evolution in the presence of charged current and neutral current collisions, as well as neutrino advection. Within our framework, we find that flavor transformation occurs before neutrinos fully decouple from matter, dynamically affecting the flavor distributions of all neutrino species and shifting the location of the neutrino decoupling surfaces. Our results call for further work as they may have implications on the explosion mechanism of supernovae, the nucleosynthesis of the heavy elements, as well as the observable neutrino signal, all of which is yet to be assessed.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures. Accepted in Phys. Rev. D. Supplemental material: https://sid.erda.dk/share_redirect/fmRhOTrzOr/index.html
Reverse Data-Processing Theorems and Computational Second Laws
Creators: name: Buscemi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Drawing on an analogy with the second law of thermodynamics for adiabatically isolated systems, Cover argued that data-processing inequalities may be seen as second laws for "computationally isolated systems," namely, systems evolving without an external memory. Here we develop Cover's idea in two ways: on the one hand, we clarify its meaning and formulate it in a general framework able to describe both classical and quantum systems. On the other hand, we prove that also the reverse holds: the validity of data-processing inequalities is not only necessary, but also sufficient to conclude that a system is computationally isolated. This constitutes an information-theoretic analogue of Lieb's and Yngvason's entropy principle. We finally speculate about the possibility of employing Maxwell's demon to show that adiabaticity and memorylessness are in fact connected in a deeper way than what the formal analogy proposed here prima facie seems to suggest.
description: ver2: discussions clarified, typos corrected, references added, and yet, still 24 pages and 2 figures; ver1: 24 pages, 2 figures. Contribution to the proceedings of the Nagoya Winter Workshop on Quantum Information, Measurement, and Foundations (March 2015)
Cold neutral atoms via charge exchange from excited state positronium: a proposal
Creators: name: Bertsche, W. A.
name: Charlton, M.
name: Eriksson, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method for generating cold neutral atoms via charge exchange reactions between trapped ions and Rydberg positronium. The high charge exchange reaction cross section leads to efficient neutralisation of the ions and since the positronium-ion mass ratio is small, the neutrals do not gain appreciable kinetic energy in the process. When the original ions are cold the reaction produces neutrals that can be trapped or further manipulated with electromagnetic fields. Because a wide range of species can be targeted we envisage that our scheme may enable experiments at low temperature that have been hitherto intractable due to a lack of cooling methods. We present an estimate for achievable temperatures, neutral number and density in an experiment where the neutrals are formed at a milli-Kelvin temperature from either directly or sympathetically cooled ions confined on an ion chip. The neutrals may then be confined by their magnetic moment in a co-located magnetic minimum well also formed on the chip. We discuss general experimental requirements.
Analyzing the influence of marketing mix strategies on export performance in the garment industry of Ethiopia: The case of garment exporters in Addis Ababa
Creators: name: Gizaw, Yodit
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: Export performance is the extent to which a firm effectively uses its resources and capabilities for the international market that indicates the success of a firm's export operations where marketing strategy is one factor that a firm can manipulate to achieve its marketing objectives. This study aims to analyze the influence of marketing mix strategies on export performance in the garment industry of Ethiopia: the case of Addis Ababa. Explanatory research design was applied using census technique and all the garment exporters in Addis Ababa were selected. Primary data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaire that was submitted to 5 respondents in the respective companies where by there was a 77.3% response rate. Secondary data about objective export performance was collected from ETIDI. The major findings of this study revealed that 51.3% of export performance can be explained by marketing mix strategies. Moreover, while product, price and distribution marketing mixes shows significant and positive association, promotion marketing mix had positive but insignificant association. Recommendations were given accordingly.
Towards a full $w$CDM map-based analysis for weak lensing surveys
Creators: name: Zürcher, Dominik
name: Fluri, Janis
name: Ajani, Virginia
name: Fischbacher, Silvan
name: Refregier, Alexandre
name: Kacprzak, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The next generation of weak lensing surveys will measure the matter distribution of the local Universe with unprecedented precision, allowing the resolution of non-Gaussian features of the convergence field. This encourages the use of higher-order mass-map statistics for cosmological parameter inference. We extend the forward-modelling based methodology introduced in a previous forecast paper to match these new requirements. We provide multiple forecasts for the wCDM parameter constraints that can be expected from stage 3 and 4 weak lensing surveys. We consider different survey setups, summary statistics and mass map filters including wavelets. We take into account the shear bias, photometric redshift uncertainties and intrinsic alignment. The impact of baryons is investigated and the necessary scale cuts are applied. We compare the angular power spectrum analysis to peak and minima counts as well as Minkowski functionals of the mass maps. We find a preference for Starlet over Gaussian filters. Our results suggest that using a survey setup with 10 instead of 5 tomographic redshift bins is beneficial. Adding cross-tomographic information improves the constraints on cosmology and especially on galaxy intrinsic alignment for all statistics. In terms of constraining power, we find the angular power spectrum and the peak counts to be equally matched for stage 4 surveys, followed by minima counts and the Minkowski functionals. Combining different summary statistics significantly improves the constraints and compensates the stringent scale cuts. We identify the most `cost-effective' combination to be the angular power spectrum, peak counts and Minkowski functionals following Starlet filtering.
description: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 28 July 2023
Multi-Omics analysis of gut-organ axes reveals the environmental adaptation mechanisms in Tibetan chicken.
Creators: name: 曾涛(Tao Zeng)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2023
Subjects: Metabolome
Monoisolate

description: Investigate the gut microbiota of Tibetan chickens and to explore the environmental adaptation mechanisms involving in the "gut-organ" axes.
Cosmological signatures of time-asymmetric gravity
Creators: name: Cortês, Marina
name: Liddle, Andrew R.
name: Smolin, Lee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the model proposed by Cortês, Gomes & Smolin, to predict cosmological signatures of time-asymmetric extensions of general relativity they proposed recently. Within this class of models the equation of motion of chiral fermions is modified by a torsion term. This term leads to a dispersion law for neutrinos that associates a new time-varying energy with each particle. We find a new neutrino contribution to the Friedmann equation resulting from the torsion term in the Ashtekar connection. In this note we explore the phenomenology of this term and observational consequences for cosmological evolution. We show that constraints on the critical energy density will ordinarily render this term unobservably small, a maximum of order $10^{-25}$ of the neutrino energy density today. However, if the time-asymmetric dark energy is tuned to cancel the cosmological constant, the torsion effect may be a dark matter candidate.
description: v2 added explanations and definitions; 11 pages
Hydrodynamic Instability of the Flux-Antiflux Interface in Type-II Superconductors
Creators: name: Baziljevich, M.
name: Fisher, L. M.
name: Goa, P. E.
name: Johansen, T. H.
name: Rakhmanov, A. L.
Publisher: name: The American Physical Society
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: 530

description: Physical Review Letters
Pion-nucleon scattering in the Roper channel from lattice QCD
Creators: name: Lang, C. B.
name: Leskovec, L.
name: Padmanath, M.
name: Prelovsek, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a lattice QCD study of $Nπ$ scattering in the positive-parity nucleon channel, where the puzzling Roper resonance $N^*(1440)$ resides in experiment. The study is based on the PACS-CS ensemble of gauge configurations with $N_f=2+1$ Wilson-clover dynamical fermions, $m_π\simeq 156~$MeV and $L\simeq 2.9~$fm. In addition to a number of $qqq$ interpolating fields, we implement operators for $Nπ$ in $p$-wave and $Nσ$ in $s$-wave. In the center-of-momentum frame we find three eigenstates below 1.65 GeV. They are dominated by $N(0)$, $N(0)π(0)π(0)$ (mixed with $N(0)σ(0)$) and $N(p)π(-p)$ with $p\simeq 2π/L$, where momenta are given in parentheses. This is the first simulation where the expected multi-hadron states are found in this channel. The experimental $Nπ$ phase-shift would -- in the approximation of purely elastic $Nπ$ scattering -- imply an additional eigenstate near the Roper mass $m_R\simeq 1.43~$GeV for our lattice size. We do not observe any such additional eigenstate, which indicates that $Nπ$ elastic scattering alone does not render a low-lying Roper. Coupling with other channels, most notably with $Nππ$, seems to be important for generating the Roper resonance, reinforcing the notion that this state could be a dynamically generated resonance. Our results are in line with most of previous lattice studies based just on $qqq$ interpolators, that did not find a Roper eigenstate below $1.65~$GeV. The study of the coupled-channel scattering including a three-particle decay $Nππ$ remains a challenge.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, version published in Phys. Rev. D plus additional footnote and reference
Relationship between driver gene mutations and clinical pathological characteristics in elderly lung adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: 闫娜(Na Yan)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2023
Subjects: Raw sequence reads
Multiisolate

description: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common pathological subtype in NSCLC, accounting for approximately 55%. More than half of LUAD patients are older than 60 at diagnosis and about 30% of LUAD patients are over 70. Elderly LUAD patients usually do not tolerate surgery and are prone to heart disease, diabetes, and other primary diseases. Therefore, the selection of effective treatments with reduced toxicity and minimal side effects, well tolerated by geriatric patients, remains a critical clinical concern. With the development of precise diagnosis and treatment, more and more evidence suggests that targeted therapy guided by gene mutations has greatly improved treatment choices and survival benefits for NSCLC patients, including elderly LUAD patients. However, the results of LUAD driver gene mutation vary from region to region, patient to patient, lifestyle to lifestyle, and test methodologies. This study retrospectively analyzed mutations in 10 lung cancer-related driving genes in 275 elderly LUAD patients and explored their correlation with clinicopathological indicators such as gender, smoking status, tumor location, maximum diameter, lymph node metastasis and others.
The Effect Of Service Quality On Customer Satisfaction In Ethiopia Hotel Industry: the Case Of Three Star Hotels In Adama
Creators: name: Kefeni, Dereje
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: This paper sought to examine the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction in the hotel industry in Adama The study adapted the SERVQUAL model as the main framework for analyzing service quality. Descriptive analysis was used to examine the relationships between service quality dimension and customer satisfaction.The results indicated that the strong relationship between service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction. Beside the importance of other factors service quality plays an important role as a driver for higher customer satisfaction level in service enterprises in general and in hotel business in particular. Dimension of service quality namely tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, confidence, communication andempathy found statistically significant impacts on customer satisfaction with significant level at 5%. This result indicates that service quality confirms its role as an important driver of customer satisfaction which leads to customer loyalty and the hotels' profits. Therefore, service quality should be taken into high consideration in both academic and practical activities. Data was collected from 151 three star hotel customers through questionnaire, additionally the 14 key informant should selected through purposive sampling those are hotel manager, employees and culture and tourism office through interview. The techniques of analysis used in this study are descriptive statics such as frequency and percentage was used toanalyze the data. (regression, correlation, ANOVA and Chi-square test). Customer satisfaction coefficient formulae were used to measure and quantify the relationships between service quality and customer satisfaction with the support of SPSS version 20
Non-affine mechanics of entangled networks inspired by intermediate filaments
Creators: name: Pensalfini, M.
name: Golde, T.
name: Trepat, X.
name: Arroyo, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by massive intermediate filament (IF) reorganization in superstretched epithelia, we examine computationally the principles controlling the mechanics of a set of entangled filaments whose ends slide on the cell boundary. We identify an entanglement metric and threshold beyond which random loose networks respond non-affinely and nonlinearly to stretch by self-organizing into structurally optimal star-shaped configurations. A simple model connecting cellular and filament strains links emergent mechanics to cell geometry, network topology, and filament mechanics. We identify a safety net mechanism in IF networks and provide a framework to harness entanglement in soft fibrous materials.
description: 23 pages, 16 figures; expanded discussion of non-affinity, added supplementary data on interaction with frictional background at fast loading rates, modified title, results unchanged
Measurements of True Leak Rates of MEMS Packages
Creators: name: Han, Bongtae
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2012
Subjects: MEMS package
hermeticity
helium mass spectrometer
true leak rate
gas conduction
gas diffusion
metallic seals
polymeric seals

description: Gas transport mechanisms that characterize the hermetic behavior of MEMS packages are fundamentally different depending upon which sealing materials are used in the packages. In metallic seals, gas transport occurs through a few nanoscale leak channels (gas conduction) that are produced randomly during the solder reflow process, while gas transport in polymeric seals occurs through the bulk material (gas diffusion). In this review article, the techniques to measure true leak rates of MEMS packages with the two sealing materials are described and discussed: a Helium mass spectrometer based technique for metallic sealing and a gas diffusion based model for polymeric sealing.
Spectroscopic Identification and Direct Imaging of Interfacial Magnetic Spins
Creators: name: Nolting, F.
name: Ohldag, H.
name: Regan, T. J.
name: Scholl, A.
name: Stöhr, J.
Publisher: name: The American Physical Society
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: 530

description: Physical Review Letters
TESS Experiments: Racial Majority & Minority Group Members' Psychological and Political Reactions to Minority Population Growth
Creators: name: Craig, Maureen
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences (TESS) offers researchers the opportunity to capture the internal validity of experiments. Investigators submit proposals, and TESS fields successful proposals for free on a representative sample of adults in the United States. This experiment was conducted to understand how perceived changes in minority populations in the United States might affect political ideology and policy preferences. The 2,625 total respondents included 691 White non-Hispanic, 638 Black non-Hispanic, 644 other non-Hispanic, and 652 Hispanic adults. Approximately one-third of each group were divided randomly into 2 treatment groups or a control group. A fictitious news story about growth of the Hispanic population was provided to treatment groups 1, 3, 5, and 7. A fictitious news story about growth of the Asian population was provided to treatment groups 2, 4, 6, and 8. All control groups were provided a fictitious news story about the percent of people moving within the United States. This allowed for comparisons of how members of different racial groups (Whites and racial minority groups) perceive the growth of minority populations and explores the downstream consequences of such minority growth for political ideology and policy attitudes.
Helicity statistics in homogeneous and isotropic turbulence and turbulence models
Creators: name: Sahoo, Ganapati
name: De Pietro, Massimo
name: Biferale, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the statistical properties of helicity in direct numerical simulations of fully developed homogeneous and isotropic turbulence and in a class of turbulence shell models. We consider correlation functions based on combinations of vorticity and velocity increments that are not invariant under mirror symmetry. We also study the scaling properties of high-order structure functions based on the moments of the velocity increments projected on a subset of modes with either positive or negative helicity (chirality). We show that mirror symmetry is recovered at small-scales, i.e., chiral terms are subleading and they are well captured by a dimensional argument plus anomalous corrections. These findings are also supported by a high Reynolds numbers study of helical shell models with the same chiral symmetry of Navier-Stokes equations.
Government Support Interventions and Autonomy of Agricultural Cooperatives in Ethiopia: the Case of Selected Regions
Creators: name: Derese, Yoseph
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2014

description: This study on Government Support Interventions and Autonomy of Agricultural Cooperatives tried to analyze the overall approach and focus areas of government support to agricultural cooperatives in enhancing their capacity and its implications on their autonomy. In addition, the importance, strength, and weakness of government support to agricultural cooperatives have also been explored in this thesis. The study used qualitative and quantitative approach of data collection and analysis by means of structured questionnaires to sample members and employees of primary cooperatives and union as the basic data source and structured interviews with experts in the cooperative sector. The study shows that Ethiopian cooperative support bodies at different levels of government and administration put significant effort to support agricultural cooperative development. The supports to agricultural cooperatives in different tier levels vary from regulating the cooperative sector with just laws to direct human resource and material support. These supports to agricultural cooperatives are mostly in the form of trainings, cooperative services and relatively little material support through government support bodies in federal, regional, zone and lower levels. The findings of the study also indicate that the government support to agricultural cooperatives has played enormous role in creating awareness about cooperatives and their advantages among farmers, increasing the number and role of cooperatives in the agriculture sector and ensuring sustainable growth of cooperatives. While engaging to support and provide services to agricultural cooperatives that are formally declared autonomous by proclamation, government support bodies intervenes in their internal matters. These interventions happen from the formation stage of new cooperatives to the day-to-day activities of matured ones. These interferences are not necessarily uniform, but sufficiently strong enough to pose challenges to cooperative business operation performance and growth across the studied regions
How Thermal Inflation can save Minimal Hybrid Inflation in Supergravity
Creators: name: Dimopoulos, Konstantinos
name: Owen, Charlotte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Minimal hybrid inflation in supergravity has been ruled out by the 2015 Planck observations because the spectral index of the produced curvature perturbation falls outside observational bounds. To resurrect the model, a number of modifications have been put forward but many of them spoil the accidental cancellation that resolves the eta-problem and require complicated Kahler constructions to counterbalance the lost cancellation. In contrast, in this paper the model is rendered viable by supplementing the scenario with a brief period of thermal inflation, which follows the reheating of primordial inflation. The scalar field responsible for thermal inflation requires a large non-zero vacuum expectation value (VEV) and a flat potential. We investigate the VEV of such a flaton field and its subsequent effect on the inflationary observables. We find that, for large VEV, minimal hybrid inflation in supergravity produces a spectral index within the 1-sigma Planck bound and a tensor-to-scalar ratio which may be observable in the near future. The mechanism is applicable to other inflationary models.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure, published version
An equation of state for purely kinetic k-essence inspired by cosmic topological defects
Creators: name: Cordero, Ruben
name: Gonzalez, Eduardo L.
name: Queijeiro, Alfonso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the physical properties of a purely kinetic k-essence model with an equation of state motivated in superconducting membranes. We compute the equation of state parameter $w$ and discuss its physical evolution via a nonlinear equation of state. Using the adiabatic speed of sound and energy density, we restrict the range of parameters of the model in order to have an acceptable physical behavior. Furthermore, we analyze the evolution of the luminosity distance $d_{L}$ with redshift $z$ by comparing (normalizing) it with the $Λ$CDM model. Since the equation of state parameter is $z$-dependent the evolution of the luminosity distance is also analyzed using the Alcock-Paczyński test.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures, typos corrected and references added
The ascension of ruins : a phenomenon within art's contemporary landscape
Creators: name: Kavanagh, Dominic.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Jarzynski-like equality for the out-of-time-ordered correlator
Creators: name: Halpern, Nicole Yunger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) diagnoses quantum chaos and the scrambling of quantum information via the spread of entanglement. The OTOC encodes forward and reverse evolutions and has deep connections with the flow of time. So do fluctuation relations such as Jarzynski's Equality, derived in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. I unite these two powerful, seemingly disparate tools by deriving a Jarzynski-like equality for the OTOC. The equality's left-hand side equals the OTOC. The right-hand side suggests a protocol for measuring the OTOC indirectly. The protocol is platform-nonspecific and can be performed with weak measurement or with interference. Time evolution need not be reversed in any interference trial. The equality opens holography, condensed matter, and quantum information to new insights from fluctuation relations and vice versa.
description: Published version. Minor typos corrected, reference added
A Pro-Drug Approach for Selective Modulation of AI-2-Mediated Bacterial Cell-to-Cell Communication
Creators: name: Guo, Min
name: Gamby, Sonja
name: Nakayama, Shizuka
name: Smith, Jacqueline
name: Sintim, Herman O.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2012
Subjects: AI-2
DPD analog
quorum sensing inhibitor
ester pro-drug
Isr expression
autoinducer cell permeation
autoinducer processing
enteric bacteria

description: The universal quorum sensing autoinducer, AI-2, is utilized by several bacteria. Analogs of AI-2 have the potential to modulate bacterial behavior. Selectively quenching the communication of a few bacteria, in the presence of several others in an ecosystem, using analogs of AI-2 is non-trivial due to the ubiquity of AI-2 processing receptors in many bacteria that co-exist. Herein, we demonstrate that when an AI-2 analog, isobutyl DPD (which has been previously shown to be a quorum sensing, QS, quencher in both Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium) is modified with ester groups, which get hydrolyzed once inside the bacterial cells, only QS in E. coli, but not in S. typhimurium, is inhibited. The origin of this differential QS inhibition could be due to differences in analog permeation of the bacterial membranes or ester hydrolysis rates. Such differences could be utilized to selectively target QS in specific bacteria amongst a consortium of other species that also use AI-2 signaling.
Critical behavior of non-hydrodynamic quasinormal modes in a strongly coupled plasma
Creators: name: Finazzo, Stefano I.
name: Rougemont, Romulo
name: Zaniboni, Maicon
name: Critelli, Renato
name: Noronha, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the behavior of quasinormal modes in a top-down holographic dual corresponding to a strongly coupled $\mathcal{N} = 4$ super Yang-Mills plasma charged under a $U(1)$ subgroup of the global $SU(4)$ R-symmetry. In particular, we analyze the spectra of quasinormal modes in the external scalar and vector diffusion channels near the critical point and obtain the behavior of the characteristic equilibration times of the plasma as the system evolves towards the critical point of its phase diagram. Except close to the critical point, we observe that by increasing the chemical potential one generally increases the damping rate of the quasinormal modes, which leads to a reduction of the characteristic equilibration times in the dual strongly coupled plasma. However, as one approaches the critical point the typical equilibration time (as estimated from the lowest non-hydrodynamic quasinormal mode frequency) increases, although remaining finite, while its derivative with respect to the chemical potential diverges with exponent -1/2. We also find a purely imaginary non-hydrodynamical mode in the vector diffusion channel at nonzero chemical potential which dictates the equilibration time in this channel near the critical point.
description: 31 pages, 15 figures, version accepted for publication in JHEP
The Boundedness Locus and baby Mandelbrot sets for some generalized McMullen maps
Creators: name: Boyd, Suzanne
name: Mitchell, Alexander J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37F10 (Primary), 37F46 (Secondary)

description: In this paper we study rational functions of the form $ R_{n,a,c}(z) = z^n + \dfrac{a}{z^n} + c, $ with $n$ fixed and at least $3$, and hold either $a$ or $c$ fixed while the other varies. We locate some homeomorphic copies of the Mandelbrot set in the $c$-parameter plane for certain ranges of $a$, as well as in the $a$-plane for some $c$-ranges. We use techniques first introduced by Douady and Hubbard, that were applied for the subfamily $R_{n,a,0}$ by Robert Devaney. These techniques involve polynomial-like maps of degree two.
description: 36 pages, 22 figures; in this version made minor editorial changes and improved some figures
Towards Powerful Probes of Neutrino Self-Interactions in Supernovae
Creators: name: Chang, Po-Wen
name: Esteban, Ivan
name: Beacom, John F.
name: Thompson, Todd A.
name: Hirata, Christopher M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrinos remain mysterious. As an example, enhanced self-interactions ($ν$SI), which would have broad implications, are allowed. At the high neutrino densities within core-collapse supernovae, $ν$SI should be important, but robust observables have been lacking. We show that $ν$SI make neutrinos form a tightly coupled fluid that expands under relativistic hydrodynamics. The outflow becomes either a burst or a steady-state wind; which occurs here is uncertain. Though the diffusive environment where neutrinos are produced may make a wind more likely, further work is needed to determine when each case is realized. In the burst-outflow case, $ν$SI increase the duration of the neutrino signal, and even a simple analysis of SN 1987A data has powerful sensitivity. For the wind-outflow case, we outline several promising ideas that may lead to new observables. Combined, these results are important steps towards solving the 35-year-old puzzle of how $ν$SI affect supernovae.
description: 5+19 pages, 4+14 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.Lett. Match the version to be published: minor revisions for clarity; moved discussion about supernova neutrino properties to Supplemental Material C; updated references
Generalized Connes-Chern characters in KK-theory with an application to weak invariants of topological insulators
Creators: name: Prodan, Emil
name: Schulz-Baldes, Hermann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use constructive bounded Kasparov K-theory to investigate the numerical invariants stemming from the internal Kasparov products $K_i(\mathcal A) \times KK^i(\mathcal A, \mathcal B) \rightarrow K_0(\mathcal B) \rightarrow \mathbb R$, $i=0,1$, where the last morphism is provided by a tracial state. For the class of properly defined finitely-summable Kasparov $(\mathcal A,\mathcal B)$-cycles, the invariants are given by the pairing of K-theory of $\mathcal B$ with an element of the periodic cyclic cohomology of $\mathcal B$, which we call the generalized Connes-Chern character. When $\mathcal A$ is a twisted crossed product of $\mathcal B$ by $\mathbb Z^k$, $\mathcal A = \mathcal B \rtimes_ξ^θ\mathbb Z^k$, we derive a local formula for the character corresponding to the fundamental class of a properly defined Dirac cycle. Furthermore, when $\mathcal B = C(Ω) \rtimes_{ξ'}^ϕ \mathbb Z^j$, with $C(Ω)$ the algebra of continuous functions over a disorder configuration space, we show that the numerical invariants are connected to the weak topological invariants of the complex classes of topological insulators, defined in the physics literature. The end products are generalized index theorems for these weak invariants, which enable us to predict the range of the invariants and to identify regimes of strong disorder in which the invariants remain stable. The latter will be reported in a subsequent publication.
description: To appear in Reviews in Mathematical Physics