cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Large Language Models Using Contrast Sets: An Experimental Approach
Creators: name: Sanwal, Manish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the domain of Natural Language Inference (NLI), especially in tasks involving the classification of multiple input texts, the Cross-Entropy Loss metric is widely employed as a standard for error measurement. However, this metric falls short in effectively evaluating a model's capacity to understand language entailments. In this study, we introduce an innovative technique for generating a contrast set for the Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) dataset. Our strategy involves the automated substitution of verbs, adverbs, and adjectives with their synonyms to preserve the original meaning of sentences. This method aims to assess whether a model's performance is based on genuine language comprehension or simply on pattern recognition. We conducted our analysis using the ELECTRA-small model. The model achieved an accuracy of 89.9% on the conventional SNLI dataset but showed a reduced accuracy of 72.5% on our contrast set, indicating a substantial 17% decline. This outcome led us to conduct a detailed examination of the model's learning behaviors. Following this, we improved the model's resilience by fine-tuning it with a contrast-enhanced training dataset specifically designed for SNLI, which increased its accuracy to 85.5% on the contrast sets. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating diverse linguistic expressions into datasets for NLI tasks. We hope that our research will encourage the creation of more inclusive datasets, thereby contributing to the development of NLI models that are both more sophisticated and effective.
Search for gravitationally lensed interstellar transmissions
Creators: name: Turyshev, Slava G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore interstellar light transmission facilitated by gravitational lensing, focusing on axially-symmetric lensing configurations where the transmitter, lens, and receiver are nearly aligned. Positioning an optical transmitter in the lens's focal region, we investigate the caustic formed by a diffraction-limited annular beam of light emitted by the transmitter. We analyze the impact of the lens's point spread function (PSF) on the projected beam's structure, estimate the power delivered to a receiver at interstellar distances, and assess the major noise sources. We determine detection sensitivity in both noise- and signal-dominated regimes. Considering realistic assumptions about the transmitter's performance, we explore signal detection strategies enhanced by the spatial broadening of the received beam, a result of the transmitting lens's PSF. Our findings indicate that detecting lensed optical signals from nearby stars is achievable using established optical engineering technologies. A network of spatially distributed astronomical facilities capable of observations in multiple narrow spectral bands will enhance the search. Our results support the feasibility of interstellar power transmission via gravitational lensing, directly contributing to ongoing optical SETI efforts.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
Theory of Weiss oscillations in the magnetoplasmon spectrum of Dirac electrons in graphene
Creators: name: Tahir, M.
name: Sabeeh, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the collective excitations spectrum (magnetoplasmon spectrum) of Dirac electrons in a weakly modulated single graphene layer in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. We consider electric modulation in one-dimension and the magnetic field applied perpendicular to graphene.We derive analytical results for the intra-Landau band plasmon spectrum within the self-consistent-field approach. We find Weiss oscillations in the magnetoplasmon spectrum which is the primary focus of this work. Results are presented for the intra-Landau band magnetoplasmon spectrum as a function of inverse magnetic field. These results are also compared with those of conventional 2DEG. We have found that the Weiss oscillations in the magnetoplasmon spectrum are larger in amplitude compared to those in conventional 2DEG for the same modulation strength, period of modulation and electron density.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure Phys. Rev. B (accepted for publication)
VIRDOCD: a VIRtual DOCtor to Predict Dengue Fatality
Creators: name: Chattopadhyay, Amit K
name: Chattopadhyay, Subhagata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Clinicians make routine diagnosis by scrutinizing patients' medical signs and symptoms, a skill popularly referred to as "Clinical Eye". This skill evolves through trial-and-error and improves with time. The success of the therapeutic regime relies largely on the accuracy of interpretation of such sign-symptoms, analyzing which a clinician assesses the severity of the illness. The present study is an attempt to propose a complementary medical front by mathematically modeling the "Clinical Eye" of a VIRtual DOCtor, using Statistical and Machine Intelligence tools (SMI), to analyze Dengue epidemic infected patients (100 case studies with 11 weighted sign-symptoms). The SMI in VIRDOCD reads medical data and translates these into a vector comprising Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) coefficients to predict infection severity grades of dengue patients that clone the clinician's experience-based assessment. Risk managed through ANOVA, the dengue severity grade prediction accuracy from VIRDOCD is found higher (ca 75%) than conventional clinical practice (ca 71.4%, mean accuracy profile assessed by a team of 10 senior consultants). Free of human errors and capable of deciphering even minute differences from almost identical symptoms (to the Clinical Eye), VIRDOCD is uniquely individualized in its decision-making ability. The algorithm has been validated against Random Forest classification (RF, ca 63%), another regression-based classifier similar to MLR that can be trained through supervised learning. We find that MLR-based VIRDOCD is superior to RF in predicting the grade of Dengue morbidity. VIRDOCD can be further extended to analyze other epidemic infections, such as COVID-19.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures, 8 tables
Modelling Thickness-Dependence of Ferroelectric Thin Film Properties
Creators: name: Palova, L.
name: Chandra, P.
name: Rabe, K. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a segregrated strain model that describes the thickness-dependent dielectric properties of ferroelectric films. Using a phenomenological Landau approach, we present results for two specific materials, making comparison with experiment and with first-principles calculations whenever possible. We also suggest a "smoking gun" benchtop probe to test our elastic scenario.
description: 13 pages, 17 figures
Cluster simulation of relativistic fermions in two space-time dimensions
Creators: name: Wolff, Ulli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For Majorana-Wilson lattice fermions in two dimensions we derive a dimer representation. This is equivalent to Gattringer's loop representation, but is made exact here on the torus. A subsequent dual mapping leads to yet another representation in which a highly efficient Swendsen-Wang type cluster algorithm is constructed. It includes the possibility of fluctuating boundary conditions. It also allows for improved estimators and makes interesting new observables accessible to Monte Carlo. The algorithm is compatible with the Gross-Neveu as well as an additional Z(2) gauge interaction. In this article numerical demonstrations are reported for critical free fermions.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures: tiny changes, mainly typos
Local dark energy: HST evidence from the expansion flow around Cen A/M83 galaxy group
Creators: name: Chernin, A. D.
name: Karachentsev, I. D.
name: Makarov, D. I.
name: Kashibadze, O. G.
name: Teerikorpi, P.
name: Valtonen, M. J.
name: Dolgachev, V. P.
name: Domozhilova, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A structure with a massive group in its center and a cool expansion outflow outside is studied around the Cen A galaxy with the use of the Hubble Space Telescope observations. It is demonstrated that the dynamics of the flow is dominated by the antigravity of the dark energy background. The density of dark energy in the cell is estimated to be near the global cosmological density. This agrees with our previous result from the neighborhood of the Local group. A notion of the ``Hubble cell'' is introduced as a building block of the local structure of the universe.
SpectroTranslator: a deep-neural network algorithm to homogenize spectroscopic parameters
Creators: name: Thomas, G. F.
name: Battaglia, G.
name: Gran, F.
name: Fernandez-Alvar, E.
name: Tsantaki, M.
name: Pancino, E.
name: Hill, V.
name: Kordopatis, G.
name: Gallart, C.
name: Turchi, A.
name: Masseron, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emergence of large spectroscopic surveys requires homogenising on the same scale the quantities they measure in order to increase their scientific legacy. We developed the SpectroTranslator, a data-driven deep neural network algorithm that can convert spectroscopic parameters from the base of one survey to another. The algorithm also includes a method to estimate the importance that the various parameters play in the conversion from base A to B. As a showcase, we apply the algorithm to transform effective temperature, surface gravity, metallicity, [Mg/Fe] and los velocity from the base of GALAH into the APOGEE base. We demonstrate the efficiency of the SpectroTranslator algorithm to translate the spectroscopic parameters from one base to another using parameters directly by the survey teams, and are able to achieve a similar performance than previous works that have performed a similar type of conversion but using the full spectrum rather than the spectroscopic parameters, allowing to reduce the computational time, and to use the output of pipelines optimized for each survey. By combining the transformed GALAH catalogue with the APOGEE catalogue, we study the distribution of [Fe/H] and [Mg/Fe] across the Galaxy, and we find that the median distribution of both quantities present a vertical asymmetry at large radii. We attribute it to the recent perturbations generated by the passage of a dwarf galaxy across the disc or by the infall of the Large Magellanic Cloud. Although several aspects still need to be refined, in particular how to deal in an optimal manner with regions of the parameter space meagrely populated by stars in the training sample, the SpectroTranslator already shows its capability and promises to play a crucial role in standardizing various spectroscopic surveys onto a unified basis.
description: 27 pages. Submitted to A&A. Webpage related to the paper: https://research.iac.es/proyecto/spectrotranslator/
Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation for ferrimagnets with higher-order interaction
Creators: name: Menarini, Marco
name: Lomakin, Vitaliy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a micromagnetic formulation for modeling the magnetization dynamics and thermal equilibrium in ferrimagnetic materials at low and elevated temperatures. The formulation is based on a mean field approximation (MFA). In this formulation, the ferrimagnet is described micromagnetically by two coupled sublattices with corresponding interactions, including inter- and intra-sublattice micromagnetic exchange as well as four-spin interactions described as an inter-sublattice molecular field with a cubic dependence of the magnetization. The MFA is used to derive a Landau Lifshitz Bloch type equation for ferrimagnetic material, including cases with a ferromagnetic - antiferromagnetic phase transitions. For validation, the results obtained via the presented model are compared with recent experimental data for phase transitions in FeRh.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
Giant fluctuations of topological charge in a disordered wave guide
Creators: name: Anache-Menier, D.
name: van Tiggelen, B. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the fluctuations of the total topological charge of a scalar wave propagating in a hollow conducting wave guide filled with scatterers inside. We investigate the dependence of the screening on the scattering mean free path and on the presence of boundaries. Near the cut-off frequencies of the wave guide, screening is strongly suppressed near the boundaries. The resulting huge fluctuations of the total topological charge are very sensitive to the disorder.
description: 8 pages 5 figures, submitted to Waves in Random and Complex Media
A Fast Partial Video Copy Detection Using KNN and Global Feature Database
Creators: name: Tan, Weijun
name: Guo, Hongwei
name: Liu, Rushuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a fast partial video copy detection framework in this paper. In this framework all frame features of the reference videos are organized in a KNN searchable database. Instead of scanning all reference videos, the query video segment does a fast KNN search in the global feature database. The returned results are used to generate a short list of candidate videos. A modified temporal network is then used to localize the copy segment in the candidate videos. We evaluate different choice of CNN features on the VCDB dataset. Our benchmark F1 score exceeds the state of the art by a big margin.
Philhygra angusticauda
Creators: name: Webster, Reginald
name: Klimaszewski, Jan
name: Pelletier, Georges
name: Savard, Karine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Philhygra
Philhygra angusticauda

description: Philhygra angusticauda (Bernhauer, 1909) Fig 53, Map 53 New Records. CANADA, New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Little Tobique River near Red Brook, 47.4465°N, 67.0689°W, 13.VI.2006 (2 ♁, 1 ♀, RWC). Map 52. Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of Mocyta breviuscula. Map 53. Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of Philhygra angusticauda. Bionomic Notes. In New Brunswick, this species was found in an alder swamp near a river in debris on muddy soil near a brook flowing into the river. Collection method: sifting. Distribution in Canada and Alaska. AK, BC, NB (Klimaszewski and Winchester 2002; Gouix and Klimaszewski 2007).
description: Published as part of Webster, Reginald, Klimaszewski, Jan, Pelletier, Georges & Savard, Karine, 2009, New Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) records with new collection data from New Brunswick, Canada. I. Aleocharinae, pp. 171-248 in ZooKeys 22 (22) on pages 235-236, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.22.152, http://zenodo.org/record/576537
description: {"references": ["Bernhauer M (1909) Neue Aleocharini aus Nordamerika. (Col.) (4. Stuck.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 4: 515 - 528.", "Klimaszewski J, Winchester NN (2002) Aleocharine rove beetles (Coleoptera Staphylinidae) of the ancient Sitka spruce forest on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Memoires de la Societe royale belge d'Entomologie 40: 3 - 126.", "Gouix N, Klimaszewski J (2007) Catalogue of Aleocharine Rove Beetles of Canada and Alaska (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow, 165 pp."]}
Topological photon pumping in quantum optical systems
Creators: name: Svendsen, Mathias B. M.
name: Cech, Marcel
name: Schemmer, Max
name: Olmos, Beatriz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish the concept of topological pumping in one-dimensional systems with long-range couplings and apply it to the transport of a photon in quantum optical systems. In our theoretical investigation, we introduce an extended version of the Rice-Mele model with all-to-all couplings. By analyzing its properties, we identify the general conditions for topological pumping and theoretically and numerically demonstrate topologically protected and dispersionless transport of a photon on a one-dimensional emitter chain. As concrete examples, we investigate three different popular quantum optics platforms, namely Ryd\-berg atom lattices, dense lattices of atoms excited to low-lying electronic states, and atoms coupled to waveguides, using experimentally relevant parameters. We observe that despite the long-ranged character of the dipole-dipole interactions, topological pumping facilitates the transport of a photon with a fidelity per cycle which can reach 99.9\%. Moreover, we find that the photon pumping process remains topologically protected against local disorder in the coupling parameters.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
Quantum transport in noncentrosymmetric superconductors and thermodynamics of ferromagnetic superconductors
Creators: name: Linder, J.
name: Sudbø, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a general Hamiltonian describing coexistence of itinerant ferromagnetism, spin-orbit coupling and mixed spin-singlet/triplet superconducting pairing in the context of mean-field theory. The Hamiltonian is diagonalized and exact eigenvalues are obtained, thus allowing us to write down the coupled gap equations for the different order parameters. Our results may then be applied to any model describing coexistence of any combination of these three phenomena. As a specific application of our results, we consider tunneling between a normal metal and a noncentrosymmetric superconductor with mixed singlet and triplet gaps. The conductance spectrum reveals information about these gaps in addition to how the influence of spin-orbit coupling is manifested. We also consider the coexistence of itinerant ferromagnetism and triplet superconductivity as a model for recently discovered ferromagnetic superconductors. The coupled gap equations are solved self-consistently, and we study the conditions necessary to obtain the coexistent regime of ferromagnetism and superconductivity. Analytical expressions are presented for the order parameters, and we provide an analysis of the free energy to identify the preferred system state. Moreover, we make specific predictions concerning the heat capacity for a ferromagnetic superconductor. In particular, we report a nonuniversal relative jump in the specific heat, depending on the magnetization of the system, at the uppermost superconducting phase transition. [Shortened abstract due to arXiv submission.]
description: 19 pages, 15 figures (high quality figures available in published version). Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Shack-Hartmann sensor improvement using optical binning
Creators: name: Basden, Alastair
name: Geng, Deli
name: Guzman, Dani
name: Morris, Tim
name: Myers, Richard
name: Saunter, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a design improvement for a recently proposed type of Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor that uses a cylindrical (lenticular) lenslet array. The improved sensor design uses optical binning and requires significantly fewer detector pixels than the corresponding conventional or cylindrical Shack-Hartmann sensor, and so detector readout noise causes less signal degradation. Additionally, detector readout time is significantly reduced, which reduces the latency for closed loop systems, and data processing requirements. We provide simple analytical noise considerations and Monte-Carlo simulations, and show that the optically binned Shack-Hartmann sensor can offer better performance than the conventional counterpart in most practical situations, and our design is particularly suited for use with astronomical adaptive optics systems.
description: Accepted for publication in Applied Optics
Relativistic imprints on dispersion measure space distortions
Creators: name: Saga, Shohei
name: Alonso, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the three-dimensional clustering of sources emitting electromagnetic pulses traveling through cold electron plasma, whose radial distance is inferred from their dispersion measure. As a distance indicator, dispersion measure is systematically affected by inhomogeneities in the electron density along the line of sight and special and general relativistic effects, similar to the case of redshift surveys. We present analytic expressions for the correlation function of fast radio bursts (FRBs), and for the galaxy-FRB cross-correlation function, in the presence of these dispersion measure-space distortions. We find that the even multipoles of these correlations are primarily dominated by non-local contributions (e.g. the electron density fluctuations integrated along the line of sight), while the dipole also receives a significant contribution from the Doppler effect, one of the major relativistic effects. A large number of FRBs, $\mathcal{O}(10^{5}\sim10^{6})$, expected to be observed in the Square Kilometre Array, would be enough to measure the even multipoles at very high significance, ${\rm S}/{\rm N} \approx 100$, and perhaps to make a first detection of the dipole (${\rm S}/{\rm N} \approx 10$) in the FRB correlation function and FRB-galaxy cross correlation function. This measurement could open a new window to study and test cosmological models.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures
Forschungsnahe Dienste der Hochschulbibliotheken 2026: Campusweites Forschungsdatenmanagement im Sinne von Open Science.
Creators: name: Strauch-Davey, Annette
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: FDM
Forschungsdatenmanagement
Forschungsdaten
Anlaufstelle Forschungsdatenmanagement
Open Science

description: Bibliotheksservices als forschungsnahe Dienste sind Leistungen, die Forschenden beim gesamten Forschungszyklus unterstützen. Sie sind im Kontext der Digitalisierung und Open Science angesiedelt. Wie könnten innovative Angebote bis 2026 aussehen? Open Science gewährleistet die Wissenschaftsfreiheit und bietet neue Chancen für Forschung und Gesellschaft. Am besten funktioniert offene Wissenschaft immer in Netzwerken. Die Bibliotheken verwalten Wissensfragen und unterstützen hier. Der Support passt sich schnell an neue Gegebenheiten an. Im Forschungsdatenmanagement - als nur ein forschungsnaher Dienst - steht Ausstausch mit den Fachcommunities im Vordergrund, um zu standardisierten Lösungen gelangen zu können. Die FDM-Stellen in Bibliotheken sind unter anderem auch Brücken zwischen Forschung und Infrastrukturen, bis hin zu den neuen NFDI-Konsortien, die neue Standards als Lösung anbieten werden (Metadaten, Speicherung, cloudbasierte Plattformen, usw.), zur EOSC und darüber hinaus.
The nature of a broad line radio galaxy: Simultaneous RXTE and Chandra HETG observations of 3C 382
Creators: name: Gliozzi, M.
name: Sambruna, R. M.
name: Eracleous, M.
name: Yaqoob, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results from simultaneous chandra and rxte observations of the X-ray bright Broad-Line Radio Galaxy (BLRG) 3C 382. The long (120 ks) exposure with chandra HETG allows a detailed study of the soft X-ray continuum and of the narrow component of the Fe Kalpha line. The rxte PCA data are used to put an upper limit on the broad line component and constrain the hard X-ray continuum. A strong soft excess below 1 keV is observed in the time-averaged HETG spectrum, which can be parameterized with a steep power law or a thermal model. The flux variability at low energies indicates that the origin of the soft excess cannot be entirely ascribed to the circumnuclear diffuse emission, detected by chandra on scales of 20-30 arcsec (22-33 kpc). A narrow (sigma<90 eV) Fe Kalpha line (with EW< 100 eV) is observed by the chandra HEG. Similar values for the line parameters are measured by the rxte PCA, suggesting that the contribution from a broad line component is negligible. The fact that the exposure is split into two observations taken three days apart allows us to investigate the spectral and temporal evolution of the source on different timescales. Significant flux variability associated with spectral changes is observed on timescales of hours and days. The spectral variability is similar to that observed in radio-quiet AGN ruling out a jet-dominated origin of the X-rays.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Uncovering the physical origin of the prominent Lyman-$α$ emission and absorption in GS9422 at $z = 5.943$
Creators: name: Terp, Chamilla
name: Heintz, Kasper E.
name: Watson, Darach
name: Brammer, Gabriel
name: Carnall, Adam
name: Witstok, Joris
name: Smit, Renske
name: Vejlgaard, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive spectro-photometric analysis of the galaxy GS9422 from the JADES GTO survey located at $z=5.943$, anomalously showing a simultaneous strong Ly$α$ emission feature and damped Ly$α$ absorption (DLA), based on JWST NIRSpec and NIRCam observations. The best-fit modelling of the spectral energy distribution (SED) reveals a young, low-mass (${\rm log}(M_\star/M_{\odot}) = 7.8 \pm 0.01$) galaxy, with a mass-weighted mean age of the stellar population of $(10.9^{+0.07}_{-0.12})\,$Myr. The identified strong nebular emission lines suggest a highly ionized ($O_{32} = 59$), low-metallicity ($12+\log({\rm O/H}) = 7.78\pm 0.10$) star-forming galaxy with a star-formation rate SFR = ($8.2 \pm 2.8$) $\rm M_{\odot}\;yr^{-1}$ over a compact surface area $A_e = 1.85$ kpc$^{2}$, typical for galaxies at this epoch. We carefully model the rest-frame UV NIRSpec Prism spectrum around the Ly$α$ edge, finding that the Ly$α$ emission-line redshift is consistent with the longer-wavelength recombination lines and an escape fraction of $f_{\rm esc,Lyα} = 30\%$ but that the broad DLA feature is not able to converge on the same redshift. Instead, our modelling suggests $z_{\rm abs}= 5.40 \pm 0.10$, the exact redshift of a newly identified proto-cluster in nearby projection to the target galaxy. We argue that most of the HI gas producing the strong Ly$α$ damping wing indeed has to be unassociated with the galaxy itself, and thus may indicate that we are probing the cold, dense circumcluster medium of this massive galaxy overdensity. These results provide an alternative solution to the recent claims of continuum nebular emission or an obscured active galactic nucleus dominating the rest-frame UV parts of the spectrum and provide further indications that strong DLAs might preferentially be associated with galaxy overdensities. [Abridged]
description: 11 pages, 6 figures + appendix, 2 tables. Submitted to A&A
Subgap states in semiconductor-superconductor devices for quantum technologies: Andreev qubits and minimal Majorana chains
Creators: name: Souto, Rubén Seoane
name: Aguado, Ramón
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, experimental advances have made it possible to achieve an unprecedented degree of control over the properties of subgap bound states in hybrid nanoscale superconducting structures. This research has been driven by the promise of engineering subgap states for quantum applications, which includes Majorana zero modes predicted to appear at the interface of superconductor and other materials, like topological insulators or semiconductors. In this chapter, we revise the status of the field towards the engineering of quantum devices in controllable semiconductor-superconductor heterostructures. We begin the chapter with a brief introduction about subgap states, focusing on their mathematical formulation. After introducing topological superconductivity using the Kitaev model, we discuss the advances in the search for Majorana states over the last few years, highlighting the difficulties of unambiguously distinguish these states from nontopological subgap states. In recent years, the precise engineering of bound states by a bottom-up approach using quantum dots has led to unprecedented experimental advances, including experimental demonstrations of an Andreev qubits based on a quantum dot Josephson junction and a minimal Kitaev chain based on two quantum dots coherently coupled by the bound states of an intermediate superconducting segment. These experimental advances have revitalized the field and helped to understand that, far from being a disadvantage, the presence of subgap bound states can be exploited for new qubit designs and quantum coherence experiments, including Majorana-based qubits.
description: This is a preprint of a chapter to be published in "New Trends and Platforms for Quantum Technologies", edited by R. Aguado, R. Citro, M. Lewenstein, and M. Stern, 2024, Springer. Reproduced with permission of Springer Nature Switzerland AG. We will provide a link to the final authenticated version when available
Polaron Physics in Optical Lattices
Creators: name: Bruderer, Martin
name: Klein, Alexander
name: Clark, Stephen R.
name: Jaksch, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effects of a nearly uniform Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) on the properties of immersed trapped impurity atoms. Using a weak-coupling expansion in the BEC-impurity interaction strength, we derive a model describing polarons, i.e., impurities dressed by a coherent state of Bogoliubov phonons, and apply it to ultracold bosonic atoms in an optical lattice. We show that, with increasing BEC temperature, the transport properties of the impurities change from coherent to diffusive. Furthermore, stable polaron clusters are formed via a phonon-mediated off-site attraction.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Xenodusa reflexa
Creators: name: Webster, Reginald
name: Klimaszewski, Jan
name: Pelletier, Georges
name: Savard, Karine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Xenodusa
Xenodusa reflexa

description: Xenodusa reflexa (Walker, 1866) Fig 56, Map 56 New Records. CANADA, New Brunswick, Kent Co., Kouchibouguac Nat. Park, 30.VII.1978, I. Smith (2 sex undetermined, CNC). Distribution in Canada and Alaska. BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS (Gusarov 2003; Gouix and Klimaszewski 2007; Majka and Klimaszewski 2008b). Map 56. Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of Xenodusa reflexa.
description: Published as part of Webster, Reginald, Klimaszewski, Jan, Pelletier, Georges & Savard, Karine, 2009, New Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) records with new collection data from New Brunswick, Canada. I. Aleocharinae, pp. 171-248 in ZooKeys 22 (22) on page 239, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.22.152, http://zenodo.org/record/576537
description: {"references": ["Gusarov VI (2003) Revision of some types of North American aleocharines (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), with synonymic notes. Zootaxa 353: 1 - 134.", "Gouix N, Klimaszewski J (2007) Catalogue of Aleocharine Rove Beetles of Canada and Alaska (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow, 165 pp.", "Majka CG, Klimaszewski J (2008 b) New records of Canadian Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). ZooKeys 2: 85 - 114."]}
Determining the CP properties of the Higgs boson
Creators: name: Dev, P. S. Bhupal
name: Djouadi, A.
name: Godbole, R. M.
name: Mühlleitner, M. M.
name: Rindani, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search and the probe of the fundamental properties of Higgs boson(s) and, in particular, the determination of their charge conjugation and parity (CP) quantum numbers, is one of the main tasks of future high-energy colliders. We demonstrate that the CP properties of a Standard Model-like Higgs particle can be unambiguously assessed by measuring just the total cross section and the top polarization in associated Higgs production with top quark pairs in e+e- collisions.
description: 4 pages, revtex, uses axodraw (style file included in the submission)
SAM-I-Am: Semantic Boosting for Zero-shot Atomic-Scale Electron Micrograph Segmentation
Creators: name: Abebe, Waqwoya
name: Strube, Jan
name: Guo, Luanzheng
name: Tallent, Nathan R.
name: Bel, Oceane
name: Spurgeon, Steven
name: Doty, Christina
name: Jannesari, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Image segmentation is a critical enabler for tasks ranging from medical diagnostics to autonomous driving. However, the correct segmentation semantics - where are boundaries located? what segments are logically similar? - change depending on the domain, such that state-of-the-art foundation models can generate meaningless and incorrect results. Moreover, in certain domains, fine-tuning and retraining techniques are infeasible: obtaining labels is costly and time-consuming; domain images (micrographs) can be exponentially diverse; and data sharing (for third-party retraining) is restricted. To enable rapid adaptation of the best segmentation technology, we propose the concept of semantic boosting: given a zero-shot foundation model, guide its segmentation and adjust results to match domain expectations. We apply semantic boosting to the Segment Anything Model (SAM) to obtain microstructure segmentation for transmission electron microscopy. Our booster, SAM-I-Am, extracts geometric and textural features of various intermediate masks to perform mask removal and mask merging operations. We demonstrate a zero-shot performance increase of (absolute) +21.35%, +12.6%, +5.27% in mean IoU, and a -9.91%, -18.42%, -4.06% drop in mean false positive masks across images of three difficulty classes over vanilla SAM (ViT-L).
Approaches to photon absorption in a Lorentz invariance violation scenario
Creators: name: Carmona, J. M.
name: Cortés, J. L.
name: Rescic, F.
name: Reyes, M. A.
name: Terzić, T.
name: Vrban, F. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Very high-energy astrophysical gamma rays suffer a suppression of their flux along their propagation due to their interaction, through the $γγ\to e^+e^-$ pair-production process, with the soft photon backgrounds present in the Universe. We examine the Universe's transparency to gamma rays within a Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) framework, focusing on photon subluminal quadratic corrections driven by a high-energy scale. Based on an explicit calculation, we provide a new expression for the cross section that overcomes the limitations of previous approaches and refines existing constraints for the LIV scale, while we introduce a new approximation that may be useful in LIV scenarios beyond effective field theory. These improvements appear essential for setting constraints on LIV effects with future observations at ultra-high energies, where previous approximations may fall short.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
The Orientation of the Reconnection X-line
Creators: name: Swisdak, M.
name: Drake, J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a criterion for identifying the orientation of the X-line when two regions of plasma with arbitrary densities, temperatures, and magnetic fields undergo reconnection. The X-line points in the direction that maximizes the (suitably-defined) Alfvén speed characterizing the reconnection outflow. For many situations a good approximation is that the X-line bisects the angle formed by the magnetic fields.
title: Orientierungen im luxemburgischen Schulsystem
Creators: name: Lenz, Thomas
name: Backes, Susanne
name: Heinz, Andreas
Publisher: name: Luxembourg Centre for Educational Testing (LUCET) & Service de Coordination de la Recherche et de l’Innovation pédagogiques et technologiques (SCRIPT)
Year: 2021

description: Nationaler Bildungsbericht Luxemburg 2021
Spin injection and relaxation in a mesoscopic superconductor
Creators: name: Poli, N.
name: Morten, J. P.
name: Urech, M.
name: Brataas, Arne
name: Haviland, D. B.
name: Korenivski, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study spin accumulation and spin relaxation in a superconducting nanowire. Spins are injected and detected by using a set of magnetic tunnel contact electrodes, closely spaced along the nanowire. We observe a giant enhancement of the spin accumulation of up to five orders of magnitude on transition into the superconducting state, consistent with the expected changes in the density of states. The spin relaxation length decreases by an order of magnitude from its value in the normal state. These measurements combined with our theoretical model, allow us to distinguish the individual spin flip mechanisms present in the transport channel. Our conclusion is that magnetic impurities rather than spin-orbit coupling dominate spin-flip scattering in the superconducting state.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Manipulating biphotonic qutrits
Creators: name: Lanyon, B. P.
name: Weinhold, T. J.
name: Langford, N. K.
name: O'Brien, J. L.
name: Resch, K. J.
name: Gilchrist, A.
name: White, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum information carriers with higher dimension than the canonical qubit offer significant advantages. However, manipulating such systems is extremely difficult. We show how measurement induced non-linearities can be employed to dramatically extend the range of possible transforms on biphotonic qutrits; the three level quantum systems formed by the polarisation of two photons in the same spatio-temporal mode. We fully characterise the biphoton-photon entanglement that underpins our technique, thereby realising the first instance of qubit-qutrit entanglement. We discuss an extension of our technique to generate qutrit-qutrit entanglement and to manipulate any bosonic encoding of quantum information.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Stochastic Thermodynamics at the Quantum-Classical Boundary: A Self-Consistent Framework Based on Adiabatic-Response Theory
Creators: name: Eglinton, Joshua
name: Carollo, Federico
name: Lesanovsky, Igor
name: Brandner, Kay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microscopic thermal machines promise to play an important role in future quantum technologies. Making such devices widely applicable will require effective strategies to channel their output into easily accessible storage systems like classical degrees of freedom. Here, we develop a self-consistent theoretical framework that makes it possible to model such quantum-classical hybrid devices in a thermodynamically consistent manner. Our approach is based on the assumption that the quantum part of the device is subject to strong decoherence and dissipation induced by a thermal reservoir. Due to the ensuing separation of time scales between slowly evolving classical and fast relaxing quantum degrees of freedom, the dynamics of the hybrid system can be described by means of adiabatic-response theory. We show that, upon including fluctuations in a minimally consistent way, the resulting equations of motion can be equipped with a first and second law, both on the ensemble level and on the level of individual trajectories of the classical part of the system, where thermodynamic quantities like heat and work become stochastic variables. As an application of our theory, we work out a physically transparent model of a quantum-classical hybrid engine, whose working system consists of a chain of Rydberg atoms, which is confined in an optical cavity and driven by periodic temperature variations. We demonstrate through numerical simulations that the engine can sustain periodic oscillations of a movable mirror, which acts as a classical load, against external friction and extract the full distributions of input heat and output work. By making the statistics of thermodynamic processes in quantum-classical hybrid systems accessible without the need to further specify a measurement protocol, our work contributes to bridging the long-standing gap between classical and quantum stochastic thermodynamics.
description: 34 pages, 5 figures, accepted in Quantum 2024-09-12
The function of Andre Brassard's film "Il etait une fois dans l'Est" in the context of Michel Tremblay's "Cycle des Belles-soeurs"
Creators: name: Loiselle, André
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A number of Michel Tremblay's plays are referred to as the "Cycle des Belles-Soeurs". This ensemble of works, bound by a commonness of dialect, characters and milieu, constitutes a coherent dramatic universe. In l973, five years after the premiere of the first play of the Cycle (Les Belles-soeurs). Michel Tremblay and Andre Brassard, who has directed most of Tremblay's plays, temporarily left the stage to prolong the elaboration of the "Cycle des Belles-soeurs" in a film called Il etait une fois dans l'Est. Rather than being an adaptation of one specific work, the film gathers a dozen of Michel Tremblay's characters from six different plays. When it first came out, Il etait une fois dans l'Est was perceived by many critics as a film anthology of Michel Tremblay's plays: a work which points out to, compiles, and summarizes other works but which has little artistic value of its own. Luc Perreault, for instance, wrote in l974 that the film is "une anthologie pure et simple de ce qu'il(M. Tremblay) a deja cree"(l). It is as such -- an anthology of Tremblay's plays --that the film is still often described today. In the l988 edition of the Dictionnaire du cinema quebecois. Michel Coulombe and Marcel Jean call the film an "anthologie anticipee de l'oeuvre de Tremblay".(2) The author of this thesis disagrees with the notion of the film as an anthology of Tremblay's plays. The purpose of this study is thus to demonstrate that Il etait une fois dans l'Est is a work whose function in the Cycle is as genuine, as exclusive and as integrated as that of Hosanna. En pieces detachees or any other play of the ensemble. To study the function of the film in relation to the "Cycle des Belles-soeurs", the author conducts a two-part analysis covering both the dramatic universe of the plays, and its cinematic re-presentation. The first, and main part of this work is devoted to a study of the relationship between the stage characters and their cinematic counterparts. In the second part of the thesis, the author concentrates, first, on a specific analysis of the film, and finally, engages in an overall consideration of the interrelation of the plays and the film in order to establish the organic function of Il etait une fois dans l'Est in the context of Michel Tremblay's "Cycle des Be lles-soeurs". The methodological approach of the author is based on theories of the semlotic of Theatre and Cinema, as well as on some aspects of phenomenological, psychoanalytical and spectator/reader-response criticism. The conclusion drawn at the end of the thesis is the following: The function of Il etait une fois dans l'Est in the context of the "Cycle des Belles-soeurs" is one of demarcation. It indicates the passage of the dramatist from a "Theatre Quebecois" practice, to a mode of writing characterized by a lesser interest in the immediate politics of the nation, and a greater preoccupation with universal themes.
Tollmien-Schlichting route to elastoinertial turbulence in channel flow
Creators: name: Shekar, Ashwin
name: McMullen, Ryan M.
name: McKeon, Beverley J.
name: Graham, Michael D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct simulations of two-dimensional channel flow of a viscoelastic fluid have revealed the existence of a family of Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) attractors that is nonlinearly self-sustained by viscoelasticity [Shekar et al., J.Fluid Mech. 893, A3 (2020)]. Here, we describe the evolution of this branch in parameter space and its connections to the Newtonian TS attractor and to elastoinertial turbulence (EIT). At Reynolds number $Re=3000$, there is a solution branch with TS-wave structure but which is not connected to the Newtonian solution branch. At fixed Weissenberg number, $Wi$ and increasing Reynolds number from 3000-10000, this attractor goes from displaying a striation of weak polymer stretch localized at the critical layer to an extended sheet of very large polymer stretch. We show that this transition is directly tied to the strength of the TS critical layer fluctuations and can be attributed to a coil-stretch transition when the local Weissenberg number at the hyperbolic stagnation point of the Kelvin cat's eye structure of the TS wave exceeds $\frac{1}{2}$. At $Re=10000$, unlike $3000$, the Newtonian TS attractor evolves continuously into the EIT state as $Wi$ is increased from zero to about $13$. We describe how the structure of the flow and stress fields changes, highlighting in particular a "sheet-shedding" process by which the individual sheets associated with the critical layer structure break up to form the layered multisheet structure characteristic of EIT.
description: Accepted to Physical Review Fluids