cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ageing biomarkers in the brain : exploring stress effects in traditional and non-traditional model systems
Creators: name: Morisaki, Mizuki
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2021
Subjects: HPA-axis
Ageing
Neurogenesis
Glucocorticoids
Oxidative stress
Alpha-amylase
Stress
Developmental programming
Brain
Hippocampus
Neuron

description: Ageing is a complex mechanism influenced by multiple factors. Stress, which could affect ageing, is mainly controlled by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and subsequent glucocorticoid (GC) release. Increases in GCs also induce long-lasting developmental changes in the organism (i.e. GC developmental programming), which may, in turn, affect brain ageing processes. This thesis aimed to determine the effects of stress on the brain by examining ageing biomarkers using both in-vitro and in-vivo approaches. In Chapter 2, the effects of stress biomarkers (GCs and alpha-amylase) were explored at cellular level, using HT22 (murine hippocampal neuronal cells). Within physiological concentrations, cortisol, but not corticosterone, showed a potential protective effect. Moreover, alpha-amylase protected cells against additional stressors, suggesting that increased stress biomarkers maintained cellular viability, instead of affecting senescent phenotypes. In Chapter 3, the typical mammalian brain ageing phenotypes were characterised in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) prior to investigating prenatal GC programming. Increased oxidative damage accumulation and changes in adult neurogenesis were found. Contrastingly, neuronal loss and increased white matter lesions were not observed. Chapter 4 investigated the prenatal GC programming effect in juvenile quail brains. Prenatal stress reduced glucocorticoid receptor expression in the amygdala and nidopallium, indicating prenatal GC programming; however, oxidative damage accumulation was unaffected. In Chapter 5, the prenatal GC programming effect was examined on both the stress response and neurogenesis in adult quails. Prenatal stress resulted in higher peak stress responses and increased neurogenesis, suggesting that it maintained high neuronal plasticity rather than enhancing typical ageing phenotypes. In conclusion, although ageing phenotypes are not necessarily conserved, comparative animal models can aid the investigation of human brain ageing. Stress may indirectly affect ageing via other systems. Therefore, investigating brain ageing at the system level should be considered as an alternative to focusing on single biomarkers in future.
How dusty was the last glacial maximum over Europe?
Creators: name: Rousseau, Denis-Didier
name: Antoine, Pierre
name: Sun, Youbin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Loess
Dust
Sedimentation and deposition
Last Glacial Maximum
Paleoclimatology

description: Our study focuses on European loess sequences, particularly the eolian intervals in between the observed pedogenic units. The classical concept of soil formation from parent material is reformulated to estimate of the duration and the associated sedimentation rate (SR) and mass accumulation rate (MAR) of these paleodust intervals. We show that the Greenland Stadial (GS) duration in European loess deposits includes the thickness of the overlying pedogenic unit, which in fact developed downward into the upper part of the eolian unit. The lower stratigraphical limit of the eolian unit overlying the pedogenic unit corresponds to the restart of the dust sedimentation of the younger GS. We illustrate this interpretation first by computing both SRs and MARs first for the Nussloch key sequence, the most complete European series. The correlation between Nussloch and other European loess sequences, located along a 1800 km longitudinal transect, allows computation of SR and MAR for several identified GS events. Comparing GS from marine and ice core records, our study shows that the two last Bond cycles are preserved in every European eolian record. Bulk SR and MAR are estimated and compared for these two Bond cycles, showing the highest SRs and MARs in western Europe. These indices also indicate that the last stadials, embedding an Henrich event, were not the dustiest in every Bond cycle. Our estimated MAR also differ from previously published computations, which did not take into account the various pedogenic units present in the studied loess sequences. The bulk SR and MAR estimates computed for the two last Bond Cycles from Chinese sequences from the Loess Plateau indicate lower atmospheric dust than in Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum. SR and MAR estimates computed from the fine-grained material for European records fit with Earth System model reconstructions.
UMA BREVE REFLEXÃO SOBRE CONCEITOS MATEMÁTICOS PRESENTES NA FÍSICA ATRELADOS AO ENSINO DE ASTRONOMIA
Creators: name: Nascimento, Gustavo Lira Do
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Conceitos matemáticos.
Física.
Astronomia.

description: O presente trabalho reflete sobre a forma que a Matemática foi abordada no ensino de Astronomia no decorrer de um projeto de Astronomia que aconteceu entre 2015 e 2019. Ele aconteceu na Escola de Referência em Ensino Médio Agamenon Magalhães, localizada em São Caitano-PE. O projeto era extracurricular e contava com alunos das três séries do Ensino Médio. Nele, havia a realização de aulas de Astronomia, feiras de Ciência e também a aplicação da OBA (Olimpíada Brasileira de Astronomia e Astronáutica).
Washington Consensus Reforms and Economic Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons From the Past Four Decades
Creators: name: Archibong, Belinda
name: Coulibaly, Brahima
name: Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Economic policy
Privatization
Fiscal policy
Commercial policy

description: Over three decades after market-oriented structural reforms, termed ``Washington consensus" policies, were first implemented, we revisit the evidence on policy adoption and the effects of these policies on socio-economic performance in sub-Saharan African countries. We focus on three key ubiquitous reform policies around privatization, fiscal discipline, and trade openness and document significant improvements in economic performance for reformers over the past two decades. Following initial declines in per capita economic growth over the 1980s and 1990s, reform adopters experienced notable increases in per capita real GDP growth in the post 2000 period. We complement aggregate analysis with four country case studies that highlight important lessons for effective reform. Notably, the ability to implement pro-poor policies alongside market oriented reforms played a central role in successful policy performance.
Multiple perspectives on an innovative example of collaborating with students in an online course to meet their needs during the COVID-19 pandemic -- #UPCEASOLAR
Creators: name: Seibel, Katherine N.
name: Wong, Nicole K.
name: Scott, Nykchasia S.
name: Marquart, Matthea S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Distance education
Web-based instruction
Instructional systems--Design
Teacher-student relationships
COVID-19 (Disease)--Social aspects

description: This is the handout for a Conversations with Colleagues session at UPCEA’s 2021 SOLA+R (Summit for Online Leadership and Administration + Roundtable). In this session, a team from Columbia University’s School of Social Work (CSSW) will share how they approached making changes to their Spring 2020 online course in response to the COVID-19 pandemic using trauma-informed teaching strategies, including collaborating with students on adjustments to course assignments and grading. The presenters, representing the instructor, TA, technical support, and student perspectives, will share recommendations for instructional designers and faculty looking for ways to incorporate opportunities to collaborate with students in online courses.
The Place of a Cousin in As You Like It.
Creators: name: Crawford, Julie A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Female friendship
Kinship in literature
British literature

description: “The Place of a Cousin in As You Like It” argues that the relationship between Celia and Rosalind at the center of the play exemplifies the public countenancing, ethical utility, and social primacy of oath-based friendship between women – particularly women cousins. “Cousin” was not only a kinship term, but one particularly endowed with affective, and even erotic, meanings—an enhancement of intimacy beyond the more capacious “friend” and condensed in the potent single syllable “coz.” When Celia tells the banished Rosalind, “Say what thou canst, I’ll go along with thee,” she echoes Ruth’s famous words to Naomi in the Book of Ruth: “For whither thou goest, I wil go,” highlighting the play’s abiding interest in chosen kinship between women, and the role of these bonds in creating the webs of kinship that characterized early modern life.
The hierarchical three-body problem at $\mathcal{O} (G^2)$
Creators: name: Solon, Mikhail P.
name: Wolz, Anna M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Employing techniques from scattering amplitudes and effective field theory, we model the dynamics of hierarchical triples, which are three-body systems composed of two bodies separated by a distance $r$ and a third body a distance $ρ$ away, with $r \ll ρ$. We apply the method of regions to systematically expand in the small ratio $r/ρ$ and illustrate this approach for evaluating Fourier transform integrals, which have been the bottleneck for deriving complete results in position space. In the limit where the distant third body is much heavier than the other two, we derive new analytic results in position space for the three-body conservative potential at $\mathcal{O}(G^2)$ and at leading and next-to-leading order in $r/ρ$. We also derive new results for arbitrary masses in the rest frame of the distant particle. Our results are exact in velocity, and can be used in analyses involving both bound and unbound hierarchical triples in astrophysical systems.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures; v2 matches published version
Pastclim v. 1.2 examples: code and data
Creators: name: Leonardi, Michela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolutionary ecology
Evolutionary impacts of climate change
Biogeography and phylogeography
Palaeoecology
Ecological impacts of climate change and ecological adaptation
Archaeological science
Palaeontology (incl. palynology)

description:
 Code and input data for the applied examples 1 and 2 of pastclim v.1.2
 described in the website of the package: https://evolecolgroup.github.io/pastclim/index.html
 and in an in-press publication:
 M. Leonardi, E. Y. Hallett, R. Beyer, M. Krapp, A. Manica (2022) pastclim v. 1.2: an R package to easily access and use paleoclimatic reconstructions, Ecography (in press)
 Please cite the paper and the source of the climatic data if using the package
Environmental Sustainability and Human Capital Development
Creators: name: Porreca, Zachary Joseph
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Sustainable development
Human capital
Pollution
Logistic regression analysis
Human capital--Mathematical models

description: This study utilizes a multiple log regression model to examine how markers of environmental wellbeing are able to explain disparities in human capital globally. This paper utilizes data from The World Bank to examine relationships between emissions, air pollution, land and water conservation, renewable energy reliance, development status, and human capital levels. The results find that carbon emissions and particulate matter air pollution are the largest environmental predictors of human capital index scores, and that the positive relationship between carbon emissions and human capital level all but disappears amongst developed nations. This study fills a gap in the literature, providing a non-geographically isolated examination of particularly relevant explanatory variables, as opposed to solely utilizing index scores.
Sustainable Cities and the Internet of Things (IOT) Technology: IOT technology improves the development of smart cities’ infrastructures and reduces over-population stresses
Creators: name: Drepaul, Nicole
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Sustainable development
Internet of things
Cities and towns--Growth--Environmental aspects
Technological innovations--Environmental aspects
Smart cities

description: In this paper, I aim to understand how IOT technology can improve the development of smart cities’ infra- structures and alleviate the strains of population growth. In order to understand this inquiry, I will begin by defining IOT technology. Then I will examine the function and capabilities of IOT technology and how it helps smart cities’ urban devel- opment in areas such as architectural, agricultural, safety and surveillance, and health and sanitary needs. I will develop a prognosis that provides targeted solutions for how IOT can specifically reduce urban population strains and challenges in particular urban sectors, and analyze the environmental implications of IOT technology. Lastly, in the discussion section, I propose applying sustainable frameworks, that can incorporate IOT technology, and showcase IOT weaknesses. This research concludes with describing the impact of implementing IOT technologies to address specific urban infrastructure and overcrowding problems. It can allow readers to view the interdisciplinary potential of sustainability with the use of technology, environmental science, and engineering, and social science through urban development and planning. Internet of things technology, through a cross disciplinary approach, can alleviate and resolve humanity’s rising problems.
Progress of the MICE experiment at RAL
Creators: name: Bonesini, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) will perform a systematic investigation of ionization cooling of a muon beam. The demonstration comprises one cell of the US Neutrino Factory Study II cooling channel. Results obtained on the construction of the beamline and its instrumentation (STEP I) will be reviewed, together with progress towards final measurements of ionization cooling (STEP IV and VI).
description: Now 2012 Conference (Conca Specchiulla, Otranto)
Schur multiplier norms for Loewner matrices
Creators: name: Audenaert, Koenraad M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A60

description: We study upper bounds on the Schur multiplier norm of Loewner matrices for concave and convex functions. These bounds then immediately lead to upper bounds on the ratio of Schatten $q$-norms of commutators $||\;[A,f(B)]\;||_q/||\;[A,B]\;||_q$. We also consider operator monotone functions, for which sharper bounds are obtained.
description: 13 pages
Towards UAV-USV Collaboration in Harsh Maritime Conditions Including Large Waves
Creators: name: Novák, Filip
name: Báča, Tomáš
name: Procházka, Ondřej
name: Saska, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces a system designed for tight collaboration between Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) in harsh maritime conditions characterized by large waves. This onboard UAV system aims to enhance collaboration with USVs for following and landing tasks under such challenging conditions. The main contribution of our system is the novel mathematical USV model, describing the movement of the USV in 6 degrees of freedom on a wavy water surface, which is used to estimate and predict USV states. The estimator fuses data from multiple global and onboard sensors, ensuring accurate USV state estimation. The predictor computes future USV states using the novel mathematical USV model and the last estimated states. The estimated and predicted USV states are forwarded into a trajectory planner that generates a UAV trajectory for following the USV or landing on its deck, even in harsh environmental conditions. The proposed approach was verified in numerous simulations and deployed to the real world, where the UAV was able to follow the USV and land on its deck repeatedly.
Holographic R-symmetric flows and the τ_U conjecture
Creators: name: Bertolini, Matteo
name: Di Pietro, Lorenzo
name: Porri, Flavio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the holographic counterpart of a recent conjecture regarding R-symmetric RG-flows in four-dimensional supersymmetric field theories. In such theories, a quantity τ_U can be defined at the fixed points which was conjectured in arXiv:1109.3279 to be larger in the UV than in the IR, τ_U^{UV} > τ_U^{IR}. We analyze this conjecture from a dual supergravity perspective: using some general properties of domain wall solutions dual to R-symmetric RG flows, we define a bulk quantity which interpolates between the correct τ_U at the UV and IR fixed points, and study its monotonicity properties in a class of examples. We find a monotonic behavior for theories flowing to an interacting IR fixed point. For gapped theories, the monotonicity is still valid up to a finite value of the radial coordinate where the function vanishes, reflecting the gap scale of the field theory.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures; v2: Improved discussion of singular flows; conclusions unchanged. Typos corrected
UMA ANÁLISE QUALITATIVA DO APRENDIZADO EM FÍSICA POR MEIO DE UM PROJETO DE ASTRONOMIA
Creators: name: Nascimento, Gustavo Lira Do
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Astronomia.
Interdisciplinaridade.
Aprendizagem em Física.

description: O presente trabalho busca, por meio de experiências vivenciadas em um Projeto de Astronomia (que aconteceu entre 2015 e 2019), mostrar um panorama de como a Física e a Astronomia podem ser relacionadas para a promoção de um melhor aprendizado dos estudantes em ambas disciplinas.
Discrete, circulation-preserving, and stable simplicial fluids
Creators: name: Elcott, Sharif Mohamed
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2005
Subjects: Computational Algorithms
Circulation Preservation
Fluid Dynamics
Computer Science
Discrete Exterior Calculus

description: Visual quality, low computational cost, and numerical stability are foremost goals in computer animation. An important ingredient in achieving these goals is the conservation of fundamental motion invariants. For example, rigid and deformable body simulation has benefited greatly from conservation of linear and angular momenta. In the case of fluids, however, none of the current techniques focuses on conserving invariants, and consequently they often introduce a visually disturbing numerical diffusion of vorticity. Visually just as important is the resolution of complex simulation domains. Doing so with regular (even if adaptive) grid techniques can be computationally delicate.

In this thesis we describe a novel technique for the simulation of fluid flows. It is designed to respect the defining differential properties, i.e., the conservation of circulation along arbitrary loops as they are transported by the flow. Consequently, our method offers several new and desirable properties: (1) arbitrary simplicial meshes (triangles in 2D, tetrahedra in 3D) can be used to define the fluid domain; (2) the computations are efficient due to discrete operators with small support; (3) the method is stable for arbitrarily large time steps; (4) it preserves discrete circulation avoiding numerical diffusion of vorticity; and (5) its implementation is straightforward.
Neural Infalling Cloud Equations (NICE): Increasing the Efficacy of Subgrid Models and Scientific Equation Discovery using Neural ODEs and Symbolic Regression
Creators: name: Tan, Brent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic systems are inherently multiphase, and understanding the roles and interactions of the various phases is key towards a more complete picture of galaxy formation and evolution. For instance, these interactions play a pivotal role in the cycling of baryons which fuels star formation. The transport and dynamics of cold clouds in their surrounding hot environment are governed by complex small scale processes (such as the interplay of turbulence and radiative cooling) that determine how the phases exchange mass, momentum and energy. Large scale models thus require subgrid prescriptions in the form of models validated on small scale simulations, which often take the form of coupled differential equations. In this work, we explore using neural ordinary differential equations which embed neural networks as terms in the model to capture an uncertain physical process. We then apply Symbolic Regression to potentially discover new insights into the physics of cloud-environment interactions. We test this on both generated mock data and actual simulation data. We also extend the neural ODE to include a secondary neural term. We show that neural ODEs in tandem with Symbolic Regression can be used to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of subgrid models, and/or discover the underlying equations to improve generality and scientific understanding. We highlight the potential of this scientific machine learning approach as a natural extension to the traditional modelling paradigm, both for the development of semi-analytic models and for physically interpretable equation discovery in complex non-linear systems.
description: 13 Pages, 8 Figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
The histopathological staging of tau, but not amyloid, corresponds to antemortem cognitive status, dementia stage, functional abilities and neuropsychiatric symptoms
Creators: name: Malpas, Charles B.
name: Sharmin, Sifat
name: Kalincik, Tomas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterised by two cardinal pathologies, namely the extracellular accumulation amyloid-related aggregates, and the intracellular formation of tau-related neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). While both pathologies disrupt cognitive function, a large body of evidence suggests that tau-pathology has a stronger relationship with the clinical manifestation of the disease compared to amyloid. Given the ordinal nature of histopathological staging systems, however, it is possible that the effect of amyloid pathology has been underestimated in clinicopathological studies. We investigated this possibility using data from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) database, which contains data from patients in the United States of America. Bayesian ordinal models were used to directly investigate the relative contribution of Braak NFT, diffuse plaque, and neuritic plaque staging to the severity of antemortem clinical impairment. Data from 144 participants were included in the final analysis. Bayesian ordinal models revealed that Braak NFT stage was the only predictor of global cognitive status, clinical dementia stage, functional abilities, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. When compared directly, Braak NFT stage was a stronger predictor than diffuse or neuritic plaques across these domains. These findings confirm that tau-related pathology is more strongly related to clinical status than amyloid pathology. This suggests that conventional clinical markers of disease progression might be insensitive to amyloid-pathology, and hence might be inappropriate for use as outcome measures in therapeutic trials that directly target amyloid.
Breaking the energy-bandwidth limit of electro-optic modulators: theory and a device proposal
Creators: name: Lin, Hongtao
name: Ogbuu, Okechukwu
name: Liu, Jifeng
name: Zhang, Lin
name: Michel, Jurgen
name: Hu, Juejun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we quantitatively analyzed the trade-off between energy per bit for switching and modulation bandwidth of classical electro-optic modulators. A formally simple energy-bandwidth limit (Eq. 10) is derived for electro-optic modulators based on intra-cavity index modulation. To overcome this limit, we propose a dual cavity modulator device which uses a coupling modulation scheme operating at high bandwidth (> 200 GHz) not limited by cavity photon lifetime and simultaneously features an ultra-low switching energy of 0.26 aJ, representing over three orders of magnitude energy consumption reduction compared to state-of-the-art electro-optic modulators.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Kinematics of Outer Halo Globular Clusters in M31
Creators: name: Veljanoski, J.
name: Ferguson, A. M. N.
name: Mackey, A. D.
name: Huxor, A. P.
name: Irwin, M. J.
name: Côté, P.
name: Tanvir, N. R.
name: Bernard, E. J.
name: Chapman, S. C.
name: Ibata, R. A.
name: Fardal, M.
name: Lewis, G. F.
name: Martin, N. F.
name: McConnachie, A.
name: Peñarrubia, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first kinematic analysis of the far outer halo globular cluster (GC) population in the Local Group galaxy M31. Our sample contains 53 objects with projected radii of ~20-130 kpc, of which 44 have no previous spectroscopic information. GCs with projected radii >30 kpc are found to exhibit net rotation around the minor axis of M31, in the same sense as the inner GCs, albeit with a smaller amplitude of 79 +/-19 km/s. The rotation-corrected velocity dispersion of the full halo GC sample is 106 +/-12 km/s, which we observe to decrease with increasing projected radius. We find compelling evidence for kinematic-coherence amongst GCs which project on top of halo substructure, including a clear signature of infall for GCs lying along the North-West stream. Using the tracer mass estimator, we estimate the dynamical mass of M31 within 200 kpc to be M_M31 = (1.2-1.5) +/- 0.2 x 10^12 M_sun. This value is highly dependent on the chosen model and assumptions within.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
Complications of the Climate Change Narrative within the Lives of Climate Refugees: Slow Causality and Apocalyptic Themes
Creators: name: Mascia, Raphaella
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Sustainable development
Environmental refugees
Climatic changes
Narration (Rhetoric)
Forced migration

description: With projections of rapidly increasing numbers of climate refugees in the next decades, the discourse surrounding climate refugees becomes ever more pertinent within the field of sustainable development and the public sphere. I offer an alternative analysis of the processes which surround “knowing” and “defining” climate refugees by employing an interpretive framework which disseminates the term “narrative” according to Jean François Lyotard’s The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. In the discourse surrounding climate refugees, two main narratives interact with each other: the dominant climate change narrative and the individual narratives of climate refugees themselves. I contend that the dominant narrative of climate change complicates the narratives of climate change refugees through specific characteristics of climate change discourse, specifically, the temporal characteristics of slow causality and apocalyptic themes as evinced in two case studies, one in the small town of Shishmaref, Alaska and the other in the Maldives. Through researching and examining the thematic elements featured in narration, we gain a fuller comprehension of the personal narratives of climate refugees. The dominant climate change discourses permeate almost all environmental issues, and therefore, the field of sustainable development continuously confronts and interacts with such discourses. Furthermore, one aspect of sustainable development involves the ongoing circumstances of forced migration due to climate change. Illuminating the ways in which the dominant climate change narrative reduces the personal narratives of climate refugees compels us to look towards climate refugees themselves as sources for their own narratives instead of permitting the dominant narratives to overshadow their experiences.
Highly Eccentric Kozai Mechanism and Gravitational-Wave Observation for Neutron Star Binaries
Creators: name: Seto, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kozai mechanism for a hierarchical triple system could reduce the merger time of inner eccentric binary emitting gravitational waves (GWs), and has been qualitatively explained with the secular theory that is derived by averaging short-term orbital revolutions. However, with the secular theory, the minimum value of the inner pericenter distance could be excessively limited by the averaging operation. Compared with traditional predictions, the actual evolution of an eccentric inner binary could be accompanied by (i) a higher characteristic frequency of the pulse-like GWs around its pericenter passages, and (ii) a larger residual eccentricity at its final inspiral phase. These findings would be important for GW astronomy with the forthcoming advanced detectors.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, revised version
National Culture and Urban Resilience: A Case Study of Resilient Cities
Creators: name: Cilk, Madison
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Sustainable development
Cities and towns
Resilience (Ecology)
Environmental policy
Environmental policy--Social aspects

description: As climate change, population growth, and globalization create new challenges for cities around the world, it is imperative that urban areas take steps to increase their resilience. Previous research has shown that national culture, or the beliefs and attitudes that guide behavior, can play a significant role in shaping the values of a nation’s citizens. With more and more cities designing urban resilience plans, it is highly relevant to assess the role that national culture plays in the creation of these plans. Through a qualitative content analysis of 71 urban resilience plans from 27 countries around the world using Geert Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory, this research assesses whether and how national culture influences urban resilience efforts. The results of the analysis show that, for many cities, urban resilience efforts are not strongly influenced by national culture, but instead share a common thread of being inclusive, future-oriented, and prioritizing quality of life over profits.
title: ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ ПОВЕРХНОСТНОГО СЛОЯ ПОЧВЫ И ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ СОВМЕСТИМОСТЬ МОБИЛЬНЫХ МАШИН С ПОЧВОЙ
Creators: name: Кузыченко,  Юрий Алексеевич
Publisher: name: ФГБНУ "Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный аграрный центр"
Year: 2019

description: В статье приводятся результаты испытаний трактора Т-150 К и установление буксования его движителей при различной влажности поверхностного слоя почвы. Поскольку важным фактором, влияющим на процесс распыления поверхности почвы движителями мобильной техники, является её исходная влажность в момент движения агрегата, учитывается, что почва может принимать вязкопластичное или упругопластичное состояние. При влажности 19,1% шина трактора больше проседает в почву, сильнее прессует её и работает всей поверхностью пространства между шипами, а при влажности 12,5% наблюдается процесс «сухого перетирания» частиц почвы. Исследование агрегатного состава поверхностного слоя почвы показало увеличение содержания в почве агрегатов менее 1 мм при проходе по более иссушенной почве (12,5%) на 10,7% и увеличении содержания комков более 10 мм на 8,1% при проходе колеса по более влажному верхнему слою (19,1%). Показано, что использование колёсных машин в технологиях возделывания культур необходимо осуществлять с учётом влажностного состояния поверхностного слоя, поскольку разрушение структуры почвы в меньшей степени происходит при влажности поверхностного слоя в пределах 14,2–19,0%, что составляет 0,5–0,7 НПВ. В зоне более иссушенной почвы (W=15%) глубина уплотнения почвы колёсами тракторов К-701 и Т-150К примерно одинакова и ниже допустимого значения (40–45 см).
Наименьшая глубина уплотнения создаётся движителем трактора ДТ-75Н в диапазоне влажности от 15 до 28%, а наибольшая глубина уплотнения – движителями комбайна Дон-1500 в широком диапазоне влажности, т.е. выбор машин должен соответствовать складывающимся условиям увлажнения почвы.
Hitting time theorems for random matrices
Creators: name: Addario-Berry, Louigi
name: Eslava, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60B20, 15B52

description: Starting from an n-by-n matrix of zeros, choose uniformly random zero entries and change them to ones, one-at-a-time, until the matrix becomes invertible. We show that with probability tending to one as n tends to infinity, this occurs at the very moment the last zero row or zero column disappears. We prove a related result for random symmetric Bernoulli matrices, and give quantitative bounds for some related problems. These results extend earlier work by Costello and Vu [arXiv:math/0606414].
description: 31 pages, 1 figure
Implementing Data Driven Modeling and Design of Experiments in Green Hydrogen Production Catalyst Discovery and Chemical Engineering Applications
Creators: name: Bhat, Maya
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Chemical Engineering not elsewhere classified

description: In chemical engineering, scientific research has grown increasingly complex. Machine learning (ML) and data science offer tools to change how we conduct research by digitizing workflows, creating data-driven optimization models, making predictions for future research, and more. Despite recent rapid advances in these two fields, some research setups lack software infrastructure to leverage these tools. Bridging the gap with domain insights for both experimental setups and data science is essential to mutually benefit from their progress. This dissertation explores the intersection of data science, ML techniques and sequential experimentation guided by Design of Experiments (DoE) principles. The integration of computational techniques with experimental data, we can accelerate trend identification, multi-dimensional system optimization, and high-confidence decision boundary establishment, ultimately expediting experimental discoveries and conserving vital resources. The dissertation consists of six chapters, each contributing to the development of workflows to enhance experimental discovery. First, we layout the benefits and current limitations in incorporating modern machine learning and data science principles in fundamental scientific discovery. We discuss data sources, manipulation, model selection, and the importance of domain knowledge. This is critical in developing frameworks that account for experimental setup and data collection limitations while ensuring complete datasets that are machine readable for further analysis and modeling. Next, we apply these methods to a high throughput experimental setup measuring light driven H2 production from colloidal metallic heterogeneous catalysts. We take a data science approach to analyzing 96-well plate experiments and performing analytics on each experiment and the entire dataset. Given these findings, we study the in-situ catalyst formation, and optimize the resulting system for H2 production with DoE and subsequent analysis. We then extend these sampling methods towards identifying active multi-metallic catalysts containing Cu-Ru-Fe. The final section introduces novel methods of sequential sampling for different experimental goals - classification tasks. We aim to study different sequential sampling techniques to find divisions between desirable and undesirable regions with a high degree of certainty and few experimental samples.
title: ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЕ ПАЙЗЫ НА ЗЕЛЁНЫЙ КОРМ, СЕНО И СЕМЕНА В ЗАСУШЛИВЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ СТАВРОПОЛЬСКОГО КРАЯ
Creators: name: Капустин,  Сергей Иванович
name: Володин , Александр Борисович
name: Капустин,  Андрей Сергеевич
name: Кухарук,  Максим Юрьевич
Publisher: name: ФГБНУ "Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный аграрный центр"
Year: 2019

description: Пайзу возделывают для получения зелёной массы, сена, силоса, зерна. Она экономно расходует почвенную влагу. Поступление зелёной массы в засушливых условиях Ставропольского края в первом укосе происходит с 5 по 15 июля и с 25 августа по 8 сентября при втором скашивании или стравливании животным.
В среднем за 2015–2018 гг. сорт Стапайз, созданный в Северо-Кавказском ФНАЦ, обеспечил получение в первом укосе 18,48 т/га зелёной массы, а за два укоса – 23,19 т/га. Урожайность сухого вещества составляет 5,12 т/га, зерна при 15% влажности – 2,27 т/га. Зелёная масса пайзы хорошо сбалансирована по питательности и охотно поедается коровами, лошадьми, овцами. Содержание протеина в сухом веществе достигает 11,38%, клетчатки 35,0%. Протеина на 0,92–2,92% больше, чем у могара, чумизы и сахарного сорго, а клетчатки на 1,92% меньше, чем у могара.
Сбор кормовых единиц с 1 га составляет 2883,1 шт., переваримого протеина – 368,3 кг/га. Обеспеченность 1 кормовой единицы переваримым протеином имеет значение 127 г, что на 23 г выше, чем у могара. Содержание листьев в зелёной массе достигает 49,6%, а её переваримость – 64,2%. Лучшим сроком скашивания зелёной массы является период от полного вымётывания до цветения. Пайза – мелкосемянная культура, она требует тщательного соблюдения элементов сортовой агротехники – глубины заделки семян 3–4 см, допосевного и послепосевного прикатывания почвы, борьбы с сорняками и почвенной коркой, специфических условий уборки, сушки, очистки и хранения семян.
Water Quality Pilot Study for Traditional Water Structure Revitalization Potential in the Deccan Plateau of India
Creators: name: Bessette, Jonathan
name: Niblock, Eric
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sustainable development
subject: Water quality--Measurement
subject: Laterite
subject: Stepwells
subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: Traditional water structures such as stepwells and canal systems historically function as sustainable water sources. They are advantageous within India’s cyclic climate of flooding and drought, especially in regions of the Deccan plateau. Structures in the Deccan particularly tend to leverage laterite, a porous, geological feature specific to the region. Laterite is especially useful for collecting and maintaining water from surrounding aquifers, permitting reliable storage of water even during the dry season. Unfortunately, many of these structures have been damaged, polluted, and misused. This pilot study investigates the water quality of traditional water structures in the western Deccan Plateau region of India and their potential for revitalization. Samples were drawn from traditional water structures and domestic taps located across Central Maharashtra and Northern Karnataka. Water quality parameters were converted into a single water quality index (WQI) to characterize their current state. Qualitative site information such as degree of conservation and visible pollution level are compared via WQI. Quality amongst some traditional water structures was discovered to be comparable to domestic drinking sources despite a lack of conservation and usage in the former. Some sites exhibited strong potential for revitalization as domestic and agricultural water sources. Finally, a detailed case study of a Karez system in Bidar outlines current characteristics, challenges, and future work in promoting sustainable development practices for revitalizing traditional water structures.
Partial Wave Analysis of Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering below pion production threshold
Creators: name: Perez, R. Navarro
name: Amaro, J. E.
name: Arriola, E. Ruiz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We undertake a simultaneous partial wave analysis to proton-proton and neutron-proton scattering data below pion production threshold up to LAB energies of 350MeV. We represent the interaction as a sum of delta-shells in configuration space below 3fm and a charge dependent one pion exchange potential above 3fm together with electromagnetic effects. We obtain chi^2 = 2813|pp + 3985|np with a total of N = 2747|pp + 3691|np data obtained till 2013 and a total number of 46 fitting parameters yielding chi^2 /d.o.f = 1.06. Special attention is paid to estimate the errors of the phenomenological interaction as well as the derived effects on the phase-shifts and scattering amplitudes.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. Enlarged discussion on fits and database
COVID-19 and Multilateralism
Creators: name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: COVID-19 (Disease)
COVID-19 (Disease)--Government policy
International cooperation
Sustainable development

description: The world faces its greatest crisis since World War II and its greatest economic calamity since the Great Depression. History shows two ways out of a global crisis: a global leader that guides an effective response—and helps to pay for it—or global cooperation through the UN multilateral framework. Alas, we have no global leader today. The United States today is more a force of destruction than a leader. Our only way forward is cooperation under the UN mandate. Let me explain.
The Part of the Primary Care Provider in our National Awakening to Systemic Racism
Creators: name: Chaucer, Katie
name: DeTurk, Monika
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Primary health care
Racism in medicine
Racism
Physicians--Professional ethics
Bioethics

description: Racism makes people sick. As the United States navigates a social awakening, primary care providers (PCPs) need to join the movement by addressing the impact of racism on our society. As community leaders, all PCPs, including medical doctors, doctors of osteopathy, physician assistants, and advanced practice nurses, are morally called to combat systemic racism. PCPs need to consider how traditional treatment modalities, such as drug prescription and lifestyle modifications, may perpetuate systemic racism and inflict further injustice upon the health of Black Americans. Furthermore, as physical healers, PCPs are professionally bound to address systemic racism as its detrimental physical effects ravage those marginalized by our racialized society.
title: НОВЫЙ СОРТ УНИВЕРСАЛЬНОГО ТИПА ПШЕНИЦЫ МЯГКОЙ ОЗИМОЙ БАТЯ – ВЫСОКОАДАПТИВНЫЙ К ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЮ В РАЗНЫХ ПОЧВЕННО-КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ
Creators: name: Ковтун,  Виктор Иванович
name: Ковтун , Людмила Николаевна
Publisher: name: ФГБНУ "Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный аграрный центр"
Year: 2019

description: В статье представлены результаты создания и изучения по основным хозяйственно ценным признакам и свойствам нового сорта пшеницы мягкой озимой универсального типа Батя. Этот сорт хорошо адаптирован к почвенно-климатическим и агроэкологическим условиям при возделывании его по удобренным непаровым предшественникам, полупару, парам, интенсивным и среднеинтенсивным технологиям. По урожайности зерна в среднем за три года (2016–2018) он превысил стандартный сорт Гром на 1,94 т/га. Батя обладает высокой устойчивостью к таким болезням как мучнистая роса, бурая ржавчина, пыльная головня, вирус желтой карликовости ячменя, пиренофороз и септориоз колоса.
Характеризуется высоким качеством зерна, зимоморозостойкий, устойчив к полеганию и осыпанию зерна на корню.
title: Кожаные рукавицы из раскопов Старой Руссы
Creators: name: Колосницына, Екатерина
name: Колосницын, Павел
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2019

description: Коллекция кожаных рукавиц из Старой Руссы, найденных археологической экспедицией НовГУ им. Ярослава Мудрого с 2002 по 2019 г., охватывает XII—XIX века и позволяет проследить историю их бытования на протяжения почти всего второго тысячелетия. Основу исследования составили хорошо датированные рукавицы XII—XV вв. с Пятницких раскопов. Исследования на других раскопах дали материал для изучения позднего периода — XVI—XIX вв. Кожаные рукавицы появляются на усадьбах Пятницкого раскопа в конце XII—XIII вв. и делятся на 2 типа, отличающихся вариантами кроя. На протяжении XII—XV вв. происходит смена типов, обусловленная переходом к более практичной форме рукавиц, сохранившейся вплоть до XIX в. Несколько рукавиц украшены тиснёным декором. Типы и декор имеют аналоги среди других археологических памятников, что позволит в дальнейшем проверить полученные выводы.
Spheres are rare
Creators: name: Rivasseau, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that triangulations of homology spheres in any dimension grow much slower than general triangulations. Our bound states in particular that the number of triangulations of homology spheres in 3 dimensions grows at most like the power 1/3 of the number of general triangulations.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure
A Unified Theory of Quantum Neural Network Loss Landscapes
Creators: name: Anschuetz, Eric R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Classical neural networks with random initialization famously behave as Gaussian processes in the limit of many neurons, which allows one to completely characterize their training and generalization behavior. No such general understanding exists for quantum neural networks (QNNs), which -- outside of certain special cases -- are known to not behave as Gaussian processes when randomly initialized. We here prove that QNNs and their first two derivatives instead generally form what we call "Wishart processes," where certain algebraic properties of the network determine the hyperparameters of the process. This Wishart process description allows us to, for the first time: give necessary and sufficient conditions for a QNN architecture to have a Gaussian process limit; calculate the full gradient distribution, generalizing previously known barren plateau results; and calculate the local minima distribution of algebraically constrained QNNs. Our unified framework suggests a certain simple operational definition for the "trainability" of a given QNN model using a newly introduced, experimentally accessible quantity we call the "degrees of freedom" of the network architecture.
description: 60 pages, 3 figures, published version