cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cosmological Coincidence without Fine Tuning
Creators: name: Lee, Joohan
name: Lee, Tae-Hoon
name: Oh, Phillial
name: Overduin, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple cosmological model in which a single, non-minimally coupled scalar field with a quartic potential is responsible for both inflation at early times and acceleration at late times. Little or no fine tuning is needed to explain why the present density of dark energy is comparable to that of pressureless matter. Dark energy is identified with the potential of the scalar field, which is sourced by the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. This becomes significant when matter has decoupled from radiation and become fully non-relativistic, so that $ϕ\proptoρ_m^{1/3}\proptoρ_{m,0}^{1/3}(a_0/a)\sim(10^{-120})^{1/3}(10^{10})\sim10^{-30}$ and $V\simϕ^4\sim10^{-120}$ in Planck units, as observed.
description: 5 pages, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
HOW WILL PARENTS AFFECT COLLEGE MAJOR CHOICES OF THEIR KIDS: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA
Creators: name: Weiqi, Wang
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023

description: Using the CFPS records in 2016, I analyzed the determinants of students’ college major choices in China. With the multinomial logistic regression model, I found that students from slightly more educated families in China tend to major in law and medicine. Moreover, compared to female students, male students tend to major in engineering more often. Family income will influence an individual’s major choice by influencing wage expectations. Students from wealthier families tend to face a looser budget constraint and will be more willing to trade pecuniary tastes for non-pecuniary tastes. The conclusions are consistent after we utilized Lee’s methods to correct for the potential selection bias problem in the realizations of wages.
Carbon nanotubes decorated with gold, platinum and rhodium clusters by injection of colloidal solutions into the post-discharge of an RF atmospheric plasma
Creators: name: DUFOUR, Thierry
name: Claessens, Nicolas
name: Demoisson, Frédéric
name: Mansour, Ali
name: Felten, Alexandre
name: Guillot, Jérôme
name: Pireaux, Jean-Jacques
name: Reniers, François
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 510602
subject: Plasma physics; fusion plasmas; electrical discharges

description: In this paper, we present a new, simple, robust and efficient technique to decorate multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with metal nanoparticles. As case studies, Au, Pt and Rh nanoparticles are grafted onto MWCNTs by spraying a colloidal solution into the post-discharge of an atmospheric argon or argon/oxygen RF plasma. The method that we introduce here is different from those usually described in the literature, since the treatment is operated at atmospheric pressure, allowing the realization in only one step of the surface activation and the deposition processes. We demonstrate experimentally that the addition of oxygen gas in the plasma increases significantly the amount of grafted metal nanoparticles. Moreover, TEM pictures clearly show that the grafted nanoparticles are well controlled in size.
Conditioning with compound stimuli in Drosophila at the flight simulator
Creators: name: Brembs, Björn
name: Heisenberg, M.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: classical and operant conditioning; blocking; overshadowing; sensory preconditioning; second-order conditioning; Drosophila melanogaster; memory; learning
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Short-term memory in Drosophila melanogaster operant visual learning in the flight simulator is explored using patterns and colours as a compound stimulus. Presented together during training, the two stimuli accrue the same associative strength whether or not a prior training phase rendered one of the two stimuli a stronger predictor for the reinforcer than the other (no blocking). This result adds Drosophila to the list of other invertebrates that do not exhibit the robust vertebrate blocking phenomenon. Other forms of higher-order learning, however, were detected: a solid sensory preconditioning and a small second-order conditioning effect imply that associations between the two stimuli can be formed, even if the compound is not reinforced.
Prevalence of HIV/AIDs Transmission from Mother to Child (MTC) and its Associated Risk Factors in Nigeria: A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Iwegbu, Ewere Rosemary
name: Adabenege, Francis Emmanuel
name: Omoyine, Adesuwa Osarugue
name: Nosamudiana-Ede, Oronsaye-Ajayi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Health promotion
Health equity
Public health not elsewhere classified
Preventative health care

description: The transmission of HIV from Mother to Child is still high in Nigeria due to some medical and nonmedical factors of the patient involved. This study’s aim was to assess the state of Mother to Child HIV/AIDs
 Transmission, to identify the associated risk factors and how to mitigate the spread of HIV from MTC which is in line
 with the aims of sustainable development goals (SDG3.3) that was proposed by the United Nation. It also aims to reduce
 the prevalence of HIV/AIDs transmission from mother to child and its associated risk factors in Nigeria. This research
 was carried out by collating data from relevant research articles such as MEDLINE, GLOBAL HEALTH, Pub-Med,
 EBSCO, WEB OF SCIENCE, and PRO-QUEST databases respectively. A total of 35 articles were used to evaluate SDG
 3.3's success rate in Nigeria and recommendations were made regarding the areas to improve in order to reduce PMTCT
 in Nigeria and the promotion of antiretroviral drug use during pregnancy and after delivery. The scope of this research is
 to assess the rate of transmission of HIV from mother to child in Nigeria, and factors that affect MTCT, with possible
 ways to eliminate it by 2030 in line with the SDGs proposal. From the research finding it was observed that some women
 in Nigeria especially those of child bearing ages between 15-49 years were educated properly on modes of transmission of
 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from Mother to child (MTC) and the need to attend antenatal but they fail to
 adhere to the practice while some women were not educated properly. The result also shows that it is important to train,
 educate and equip the TBA’s on prevention strategies of MTC of HIV/AIDs. Government and nongovernmental
 institutions have a role to play to ensure availability of ARV drugs, and screening centers for HIV which will help in
 mitigating the spread of MTCT of HIV/AIDs. Factors that have been an obstacle to eradicating MTCT of HIV like
 illiteracy, stigma, poor access to quality health care, lack of EID uptake, poverty and inadequate primary healthcare
 services. Relevant and previous studies were recognized and recommendations were made.
Drosophila as a new model organism for the neurobiology of aggression?
Creators: name: Baier, A.
name: Wittek, B.
name: Brembs, Björn
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Drosophila melanogaster; aggression; fighting behaviour; amine; mushroom body
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: We report here the effects of several neurobiological determinants on aggressive behaviour in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. This study combines behavioural, transgenic, genetic and pharmacological techniques that are well established in the fruitfly, in the novel context of the neurobiology of aggression. We find that octopamine, dopamine and a region in the Drosophila brain called the mushroom bodies, all profoundly influence the expression of aggressive behaviour. Serotonin had no effect. We conclude that Drosophila, with its advanced set of molecular tools and its behavioural richness, has the potential to develop into a new model organism for the study of the neurobiology of aggression.
Tables and Figures from California sea lions interfere with striped marlin hunting behaviour in multi-species predator aggregations
Creators: name: Hansen, M. J.
name: Kurvers, R. H. J. M.
name: Licht, M.
name: Häge, J.
name: Pacher, K.
name: Dhellemmes, F.
name: Trillmich, F.
name: Elorriaga-Verplancken, F. R.
name: Krause, J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Supplementary tables and figures
Developing neuroimaging biomarkers of blast-induced traumatic brain injury
Creators: name: Azor, Adriana M.
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: In the past two decades, the awareness of the physical and emotional effects and sequalae of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) has grown considerably, especially in the case of soldiers returning from their deployment in Iraq and Afghanistan, after sustaining blast-induced TBI (bTBI). While the understanding of bTBI and how it compares to civilian non-blast TBI is essential for proper prevention, diagnosis and treatment, it is currently limited, especially in human in-vivo studies. Developing neuroimaging biomarkers of bTBI is key in understanding primary blast injury mechanism. I therefore investigated the patterns of white matter and grey matter injuries that are specific to bTBI and aren¶t commonl\ seen in civilians Zho suffered from head trauma using advanced neuroimaging techniques. However, because of significant methodological issues and limitations, I developed and tested a new pipeline capable of running the analysis of white matter abnormalities in soldiers, called subject-specific diffusion segmentation (SSDS). I also used standard methodologies to investigate changes at the level of the grey matter structures, and more particularly the limbic system. Finally, I trained a machine learning algorithm that builds decision trees with the aim of classifying between patients with TBI and controls, and between different TBI mechanisms as an example of what could potentially be applied in the context of bTBI. I found three main neuroimaging biomarkers specific to bTBI. The first one is a microstructural white matter abnormality at the level of the middle cerebellar peduncle, characterized by a decrease of diffusivity measures. The second is also a decrease in diffusivity properties, at the level of the white matter boundary, and the third one is a loss of hippocampal volume, with no association to post-traumatic stress disorder. Finally, I demonstrated that SSDS can be used in tandem with a machine learning algorithm for potential diagnosis of TBI with high accuracy. These findings provide mechanistic insights into bTBI and the effect of primary blast injuries on the human brain. This work also identifies important neuroimaging biomarkers that might facilitate prevention and diagnosis in soldiers who suffered from bTBI.
title: Jahrbuch der Berliner Museen, Bd. 62: (2021)2022: Jahrbuch der Berliner Museen / Beiheft
title: (2021)2022: Jahrbuch der Berliner Museen / Beiheft
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Jahrbuch Der Berliner Museen
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch der Berliner Museen
Year: 2022

description: Beiheft Volker Krahn Von Italien nach Preußen Die Entstehung der Skulpturensammlung im Königlichen Museum 1820–1870
description: Personenregister...329 Abbildungsnachweis...327-328 Literatur...321-326 Konkordanzen...319-320 Anhang...315-318 Resümee...303-314 Die Regentschaft von Friedrich Wilhelm IV. und Wilhelm I. (bis 1870)...171-302 Die Regentschaft von Friedrich Wilhelm III....23-170 Prolog: Der Lustgarten als Freilichtmuseum und das Schloss...13-22 Einführung...11-12 Vorwort...9-10 Dank...7 Inhalt...5-6 Titelei
Lossless preprocessing of floating point data to enhance compression
Creators: name: Taurone, Francesco
name: Lucani, Daniel E.
name: Fehér, Marcell
name: Zhang, Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data compression algorithms typically rely on identifying repeated sequences of symbols from the original data to provide a compact representation of the same information, while maintaining the ability to recover the original data from the compressed sequence. Using data transformations prior to the compression process has the potential to enhance the compression capabilities, being lossless as long as the transformation is invertible. Floating point data presents unique challenges to generate invertible transformations with high compression potential. This paper identifies key conditions for basic operations of floating point data that guarantee lossless transformations. Then, we show four methods that make use of these observations to deliver lossless compression of real datasets, where we improve compression rates up to 40 %.
Everyday Life in Soviet Ukraine
Creators: name: Kauffman, Aileen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: architecture
subject: state socialism
subject: electrical appliances
subject: kitchen
subject: washing
subject: clothing
subject: shopping
subject: public transportation
subject: education
subject: Chernobyl
subject: nuclear energy
subject: disasters
subject: food
subject: recycling

description: Aileen Kauffman interviews her mother, Victoria Kauffman, about growing up in Kyiv under late state socialism. Victoria describes the architecture of the building and apartment she grew up in, and the furniture and electrical appliances it contained. She discusses cooking and washing, and her experience of shopping, public transportation, and education. She recalls being evacuated to Western Ukraine after the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, and learning about the disaster by secretly listening to foreign radio. Victoria discusses the abundance of lobster and caviar, and the absence of plastic. Finally, she recalls recycling broken goods to make toys and decorations with.
Hybrid incompatibilities in the anopheles gambiae species complex
Creators: name: Kriezis, Antonios
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Malaria is an infectious disease caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium which is responsible for approximately 400,000 deaths annually, primarily in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes belonging to the Anopheles gambiae species complex. While progress has been made to reduce the incidence of malaria, the emergence of insecticide resistance necessitates the development of novel vector control strategies. Gene drive technologies have seen significant advances in recent years, providing hope for their implementation in the near future. While gene flow has been identified between sibling species of the An. gambiae species complex, they are reproductively isolated by both pre- and post-zygotic isolation mechanisms. Interspecific crosses between most member species produce sterile hybrid males, in accordance with Haldane’s rule of speciation. The aim of this project was to support the development of gene drive technologies by investigating hybrid incompatibilities between two of the most significant vector species, Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis. The potential for the introgression of genomic regions from one species into the genetic background of the other was investigated to help inform models regarding the spread of gene drives between sibling species. In addition, the identification of genetic elements involved in hybrid male sterility could provide potential targets for vector control strategies. Large autosomal regions were found to introgress and persist in interspecific genomes without a detectable fertility cost. In addition, the introduction of distinct autosomal regions of conspecific DNA into otherwise heterospecific genomes of hybrid males was found to overcome hybrid incompatibilities and partially restore fertility. While no specific genetic factors involved in hybrid incompatibilities could be identified, the results indicate that such factors are present at least on the X chromosome. Furthermore, the evidence suggests that asynapsis between interspecific homologous autosomes during gametogenesis plays a role in the manifestation of hybrid male sterility.
title: Situational and individual resources predict learning opportunities and career outcomes in VET
Creators: name: Lüthi, Fabienne
name: Stalder, Barbara E.
Publisher: name: VETNET
Year: 2018

description: Situational and individual resources play a crucial role in learning in vocational education and training (VET). Drawing from the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, we explore work-related and school-related resources of apprentices’ learning environments among 715 learners in Switzerland, and we analyse how resource profiles are related to learning opportunities and career outcomes. Applying latent profile analysis (LPA), we found four groups that are characterised by different patterns and levels of situational resources, including autonomy, instruction quality, and demands. Structure equation modelling (SEM) showed that resource profiles and individual resources (core self-evaluations, CSE) are associated with apprentices’ learning opportunities at both learning locations and, particularly, that having low resources hampers learning. As expected, learning opportunities at work and school positively affect satisfaction with VET and occupational commitment and reduce risks of resignation about VET. The results highlight the importance of providing apprentices with challenging, empowering and supportive work and school environments to ensure learning and positive career development.
Online Supplement for: Acoustic similarity of flight calls corresponds with composition and structure of mixed-species flocks of migrating birds: Evidence from a 3-D microphone array
Creators: name: Gayk, Zach G.
name: Mennill, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Supplementary information describing composition of actively-migrating wood warbler flocks triangulated with a 3-D microphone array in the Keweenaw Peninsula, MI, USA.
Mamba: Bringing Multi-Dimensional ABR to WebRTC
Creators: name: Li, Yueheng
name: Zhang, Zicheng
name: Chen, Hao
name: Ma, Zhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Contemporary real-time video communication systems, such as WebRTC, use an adaptive bitrate (ABR) algorithm to assure high-quality and low-delay services, e.g., promptly adjusting video bitrate according to the instantaneous network bandwidth. However, target bitrate decisions in the network and bitrate control in the codec are typically incoordinated and simply ignoring the effect of inappropriate resolution and frame rate settings also leads to compromised results in bitrate control, thus devastatingly deteriorating the quality of experience (QoE). To tackle these challenges, Mamba, an end-to-end multi-dimensional ABR algorithm is proposed, which utilizes multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) to maximize the user's QoE by adaptively and collaboratively adjusting encoding factors including the quantization parameters (QP), resolution, and frame rate based on observed states such as network conditions and video complexity information in a video conferencing system. We also introduce curriculum learning to improve the training efficiency of MARL. Both the in-lab and real-world evaluation results demonstrate the remarkable efficacy of Mamba.
description: In Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Multimedia, October 29-November 3, 2023, Ottawa, ON, Canada. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 9 pages
Mechanics and execution of homologous recombination: a single-molecule view
Creators: name: Belan, Ondrej
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Homologous recombination (HR) is an essential mechanism for the repair of toxic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which, when not repaired accurately, can give rise to cancer and hereditary disorders. During HR, RAD51 forms helical nucleoprotein filaments on RPA-coated ssDNA with the help of mediator proteins (BRCA2 and RAD51 paralogs) and catalyses strand invasion into homologous duplex DNA. How this is achieved in not completely understood. To dissect the process on molecular level, I first reconstituted nematode RAD-51 presynaptic filament assembly in the presence of mediator proteins at the single-molecule level and demonstrated that BRC-2 promotes RAD-51 nucleation, while RAD-51 paralogs transiently bind 5’ RAD-51 filament ends to stimulate RAD-51 growth in a 3’ to 5’ direction. In the second part of the thesis, I investigated the consequences of a permanently ‘switching on’ RAD-51 by engineering a variant of human RAD51, I287T, that forms presynaptic complexes efficiently without the recombination mediators present and analysed its impact on cellular DNA metabolism. I showed that RAD51 I287T is toxic in cells as it interferes with genome duplication by promiscuously loading at replication forks. Lastly, I demonstrated that nematode RAD-51 is surprisingly tolerant to mismatches during DNA strand exchange catalysis. The mismatch tolerance can be abolished by engineering specific mutations into the DNA binding loop of RAD-51, which causes meiotic HR stalling in the absence of regulatory motor proteins. Together, this work has uncovered unappreciated mechanisms that promote and maintain optimal RAD51 filament assembly and how deviations to optimal assembly rates can lead to disease - a phenomenon referred to as the ‘Goldilocks principle’ of RAD51 assembly.
Access to Rooftop Solar in Chicago: The Effectiveness of Policy to Increase Solar Adoption for Lower-Income Households
Creators: name: Spencer, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023

description: This paper examines the distribution of rooftop solar installations in Chicago and the factors that influence their adoption, with a particular focus on equity. Despite the many benefits of solar panels, including reduced energy costs and decreased greenhouse gas emissions, many households in the United States, especially those with low incomes and minority populations, face barriers to obtaining affordable solar electricity. The paper uses publicly available data sources and GIS software to map the distribution of building permits for solar panel installation in Chicago over time and compare them with community area income levels. The study finds that income levels have been a significant factor in the adoption of rooftop solar in Chicago, with solar panels initially clustered in high-income areas. However, policy easures implemented since 2016, such as The Future Energy Jobs Act and Illinois Solar for All, have been effective in increasing equitable adoption, although penetration rates remain low in very low-income populations. The analysis demonstrates the importance of policy that aims to increase the equitable adoption of solar panels, especially for disadvantaged communities, and provides insights for policymakers and stakeholders interested in promoting solar energy adoption in urban areas.
Post-hoc results of permutation tests on grouping propensity and species richness from Mixed-species groups of herbivorous reef fish show variable responses to ecosystem perturbations in the Lakshadweep Islands, India
Creators: name: Theo, Anne Heloise
name: Shanker, Kartik
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Herbivorous reef fish provide a vital function in reef ecosystems by removing algae and making space available to coral recruits. The high abundance of herbivores in the reefs of the Lakshadweep islands has potentially aided in reef recovery and helped avoid a phase shift to an algal-dominated system, despite most areas having suffered massive coral losses. Mixed-species grouping in herbivores could potentially benefit both the participant species and the reef ecosystem by improving foraging efficiency. We examined the grouping propensity and species richness for three types of herbivore groups after a mass-bleaching event in 2010 and a mass recruitment event in 2015. The species richness and number of parrotfish groups, as well as the grouping propensity of common species, declined starkly across years, indicating that these groups may have formed in response to the mass-bleaching event, slowly diminishing as the reefs recovered. Conversely, large surgeonfish, which varied in richness and propensity across islands and aspect, are likely influenced by local processes. Small surgeonfish only increased in species richness and number in 2015, which may have been in response to the recruitment event. Thus, herbivorous fish may respond differently to local ecosystem perturbations and play different roles in reef recovery.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mixed-species groups and aggregations: shaping ecological and behavioural patterns and processes’.
Gas sensing properties of multiwall carbon nanotubes decorated with rhodium nanoparticles
Creators: name: DUFOUR, Thierry
name: Leghrib, Radouane
name: Demoisson, Frédéric
name: Claessens, Nicolas
name: Reniers, François
name: Llobet, Eduard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 510602
subject: Plasma physics; fusion plasmas; electrical discharges

description: In the present work, multiwalled carbon nanotubes were decorated with rhodium nanoparticles using a colloidal solution in the post-discharge of an RF atmospheric plasma of argon (Ar) or argon/oxygen (Ar:O2). The properties of these hybrid materials towards the room temperature detection of NO2, C2H4, CO, C6H6 and moisture were investigated and discussed in view of compositional and morphological studies. It was found that the presence of oxygen in the plasma treatment is essential to significantly enhance the gas response of Rh-decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes and to avoid response saturation even at low gas/vapor concentrations. These desirable effects are attributed to the presence of oxygen during the CNT plasma treatment since oxygenated vacancies act both as active adsorption sites for gases and as anchoring sites for Rh nanoparticles (the presence of Rh nanoclusters is nearly doubled in Ar:O2 treated samples as compared to Ar treated samples). The oxygen treatment also makes easier the charge transfer between Rh nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes upon gas adsorption. The method for treating and decorating multiwalled carbon nanotubes used here is simple, fast and scalable for producing gas sensitive nanohybrid materials with uniform and well-controlled properties.
title: Enhancing the standing of vocational education and the occupations it serves: A symposium
Creators: name: Billett, Steven
name: Aakrog, Vibe
name: Hiim, Hilde
name: Stalder, Barbara E.
name: Nokelainen, Petri
Publisher: name: VETNET
Year: 2018

description: The standing of vocational education is often perceived to be low, compared with other education sectors, albeit more so in some countries than others. The consequences of this standing can be profound. They include how governments, industry, enterprises and communities sponsor vocational education, and what constitutes its purposes, form and its administration. These perceptions also shape how individuals engage with it, parents advise about it and employers’ willingness to engage with its provisions. Over time, also it has been the voices and sentiments of powerful others (e.g. aristocrats, theocrats, bureaucrats and academics) that have shaped the discourses about the standing of occupations and their preparation (Billett, 2014). In many instances, this privileging has and continues to come at a cost to the standing, processes of and goals for this important educational sector. The symposium will comprise four country perspectives and a brief discussion, from Denmark (Vibe Aakrog), Finland (Petri Nokelainen), Norway (Hilde Hiim) and Switzerland (Barbara Stalder), each of which will outline factors associated with the standing of vocational education and ways in which it has or might be enhanced.
FFF: Fragments-Guided Flexible Fitting for Building Complete Protein Structures
Creators: name: Chen, Weijie
name: Wang, Xinyan
name: Wang, Yuhang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: I.4.5; J.2; J.3

description: Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a technique for reconstructing the 3-dimensional (3D) structure of biomolecules (especially large protein complexes and molecular assemblies). As the resolution increases to the near-atomic scale, building protein structures de novo from cryo-EM maps becomes possible. Recently, recognition-based de novo building methods have shown the potential to streamline this process. However, it cannot build a complete structure due to the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) problem. At the same time, AlphaFold has led to a great breakthrough in predicting protein structures. This has inspired us to combine fragment recognition and structure prediction methods to build a complete structure. In this paper, we propose a new method named FFF that bridges protein structure prediction and protein structure recognition with flexible fitting. First, a multi-level recognition network is used to capture various structural features from the input 3D cryo-EM map. Next, protein structural fragments are generated using pseudo peptide vectors and a protein sequence alignment method based on these extracted features. Finally, a complete structural model is constructed using the predicted protein fragments via flexible fitting. Based on our benchmark tests, FFF outperforms the baseline methods for building complete protein structures.
description: Published in the Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2023
Maria vs Malaria - AR Adaptation
Creators: name: Vardar-Ulu, Didem
name: Ragab, Saif
name: Agrawal, Swati
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2023

description: This case study focuses on a specific enzyme Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in the malarial parasite as a target for treating malaria. Students will be able to view selected molecular views from the story in 3D using Augmented Reality.
Unsteady thermal convection in the North-East-German basin
Creators: name: Bayer, Ulf
name: Clausnitzer, Volker
name: Fuhrmann, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Thermal Convection
subject: Finite Volumes
subject: Nonlinear Time Series Analysis
subject: 65N99
subject: 76R10
subject: 91.35.Dc
subject: 91.95.Gf

description: We describe a Voronoi box based finite volume method for the numerical simulation of thermal convection in sedimental basins. The method shows a temperature maximum principle and consistent velocity approximation. We present results of simulation runs in vertical slices of the North-East German basin. These indicate that the system is far from a stationary state, it shows quasi-periodic, and possibly chaotic behaviour. The chaos hypothesis is formulated based on the analysis of the Nusselt number time series obtaind from simulation runs.
The Role of High-frequency Transverse Oscillations in Coronal Heating
Creators: name: Lim, Daye
name: Van Doorsselaere, Tom
name: Berghmans, David
name: Morton, Richard J.
name: Pant, Vaibhav
name: Mandal, Sudip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transverse oscillations that do not show significant damping in solar coronal loops are found to be ubiquitous. Recently, the discovery of high-frequency transverse oscillations in small-scale loops has been accelerated by the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager onboard Solar Orbiter. We perform a meta-analysis by considering the oscillation parameters reported in the literature. Motivated by the power law of the velocity power spectrum of propagating transverse waves detected with CoMP, we consider the distribution of energy fluxes as a function of oscillation frequencies and the distribution of the number of oscillations as a function of energy fluxes and energies. These distributions are described as a power law. We propose that the power law slope ($δ=-1.40$) of energy fluxes depending on frequencies could be used for determining whether high-frequency oscillations dominate the total heating ($δ< 1$) or not ($δ> 1$). In addition, we found that the oscillation number distribution depending on energy fluxes has a power law slope of $α=1.00$, being less than 2, which means that oscillations with high energy fluxes provide the dominant contribution to the total heating. It is shown that, on average, higher energy fluxes are generated from higher frequency oscillations. The total energy generated by transverse oscillations ranges from about $10^{20}$ to $10^{25}$ erg, corresponding to the energies for nanoflare ($10^{24}-10^{27}$ erg), picoflare ($10^{21}-10^{24}$ erg), and femtoflare ($10^{18}-10^{21}$ erg). The respective slope results imply that high-frequency oscillations could provide the dominant contribution to total coronal heating generated by decayless transverse oscillations.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Synthesis of membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cells by means of (sub)-atmospheric plasma processes
Creators: name: DUFOUR, Thierry
name: Merche, Delphine
name: Hubert, Julie
name: Poleunis, Claude
name: Yunus, Sami
name: Delcorte, Arnaud
name: Bertrand, Patrick
name: Reniers, François
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 510602
subject: Plasma physics; fusion plasmas; electrical discharges

description: An easy procedure to build up membrane-electrode assemblies for applications dedicated to miniaturized PEMFC using H2 or CH3OH by a two-steps atmospheric plasma process is reported. Firstly, catalyst nanoparticles are grafted on carbon substrates by spraying a Pt colloidal solution in the post-discharge of an RF atmospheric plasma torch. In the second step, the resulting decorated electrodes are covered by plasma synthesized polymeric membranes in the discharge of a DBD. The sulfonated polystyrene membranes are synthesized by injecting simultaneously styrene and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid monomers, in the presence of a carrier gas (Ar or He). The membranes are chemically characterized by XPS, ToF-SIMS, and FTIR (IRRAS) and their deposition rate is investigated by SEM.
Fractionalized charge excitations in a spin liquid on partially-filled pyrochlore lattice
Creators: name: Chen, Gang
name: Kee, Hae-Young
name: Kim, Yong Baek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Mott transition from a metal to cluster Mott insulators in the 1/4- and 1/8-filled pyrochlore lattice systems. It is shown that such Mott transitions can arise due to charge localization in clusters or in tetrahedron units, driven by the nearest-neighbor repulsive interaction. The resulting cluster Mott insulator is a quantum spin liquid with a spinon Fermi surface, but at the same time a novel fractionalized charge liquid with charge excitations carrying half the electron charge. There exist two emergent U(1) gauge fields or "photons" that mediate interactions between spinons and charge excitations, and between fractionalized charge excitations themselves, respectively. In particular, it is suggested that the emergent photons associated with the fractionalized charge excitations can be measured in X-ray scattering experiments. Various other experimental signatures of the exotic cluster Mott insulator are discussed in light of candidate materials with partially-filled bands on the pyrochlore lattice.
description: Published version
Geodesic distances in Liouville quantum gravity
Creators: name: Ambjorn, Jan
name: Budd, Timothy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to study the quantum geometry of random surfaces in Liouville gravity, we propose a definition of geodesic distance associated to a Gaussian free field on a regular lattice. This geodesic distance is used to numerically determine the Hausdorff dimension associated to shortest cycles of 2d quantum gravity on the torus coupled to conformal matter fields, showing agreement with a conjectured formula by Y. Watabiki. Finally, the numerical tools are put to test by quantitatively comparing the distribution of lengths of shortest cycles to the corresponding distribution in large random triangulations.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures
Everyday Energy Transitions in Pakistan
Creators: name: Jilani, Hamza
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: transportation
subject: electrification
subject: wood
subject: kerosene
subject: meat
subject: food
subject: oil
subject: water
subject: animal power
subject: ports
subject: oil nationalization

description: Hamza Jilani interviews his maternal grandfather, Nisar A. Memon, about the energy transformations he has witnessed in Pakistan during his lifetime. Memon describes changes in transportation, including the decline of the colonial-era tram in Karachi and the family's car. He discusses the early arrival of electricity in the city, and the continued reliance on wood and coal by people unable to afford kerosene to cook with. He notes changing dietary practices around eating meat, the local nature of food production, and everyday practices of accessing water. He discusses animal-powered transportation and the colonial lineage of the port. Finally, Memon recalls his time working in Kuwait, when he was involved in the "Kuwaitization" of IBM and saw the rapid transformation of the country due to new oil wealth.
Etching processes of polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces exposed to He and He-O2 atmospheric post-discharges
Creators: name: DUFOUR, Thierry
name: Hubert, Julie
name: Vandencasteele, Nicolas
name: Desbief, Simon
name: Lazzaroni, Roberto
name: Reniers, François
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 510602
subject: Plasma physics; fusion plasmas; electrical discharges

description: A comparative study of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) surfaces treated by the post-discharge of He and He-O2 plasmas at atmospheric pressure is presented. The characterization of treated PTFE surfaces and the species involved in the surface modification are related. In pure He plasmas, no significant change of the surface has been observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), dynamic water contact angles (dWCA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), in spite of important mass losses recorded. According to these observations, a layer-by-layer physical etching without any preferential orientation is proposed, where the highly energetic helium metastables are the main species responsible for the scission of −(CF2)n− chains. In He-O2 plasmas, as the density of helium metastables decreases as a function of the oxygen flow rate, the treatment leads to fewer species ejected from the PTFE surfaces (in agreement with mass loss measurements and the detection of fluorinated species onto aluminum foil). However, the dWCA and AFM measurements show an increase in the hydrophobicity and the roughness of the surface. The observed alveolar structures are assumed to be caused by an anisotropic etching where the oxygen atoms etch mainly the amorphous phase.
Alignment of the CMS tracker with LHC and cosmic ray data
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The central component of the CMS detector is the largest silicon tracker ever built. The precise alignment of this complex device is a formidable challenge, and only achievable with a significant extension of the technologies routinely used for tracking detectors in the past. This article describes the full-scale alignment procedure as it is used during LHC operations. Among the specific features of the method are the simultaneous determination of up to 200,000 alignment parameters with tracks, the measurement of individual sensor curvature parameters, the control of systematic misalignment effects, and the implementation of the whole procedure in a multi-processor environment for high execution speed. Overall, the achieved statistical accuracy on the module alignment is found to be significantly better than 10 micrometers.
description: Replaced with published version
Prior residence, territory quality and life-history strategies in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Creators: name: Cutts, C. J.
name: Brembs, Björn
name: Metcalfe, N. B.
name: Taylor, A. C.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: atlantic salmon; prior residence; territoriality; aggression; life-history strategies
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Three groups of juvenile salmon were introduced sequentially into an artificial stream to investigate the effects of prior residence on behaviour and territory choice. Almost half of the first group obtained and defended distinct territories, the other half being constrained to an area approximately the size of one large territory. All of the fish in the subsequent groups, bar one, were also constrained to the same site. Since the fish were of similar size, prior residence alone seemed to influence which individuals obtained territories. However, within the first group, the fish that obtained territories were larger and more aggressive. The territorial fish did not appear to choose the most profitable territories, although they had the greatest opportunity to do so. Since juvenile salmon emerge from their gravel nests fairly synchronously, a time constraint on site sampling is hypothesised: there may be a risk in taking time to sample sites, since these same sites may become occupied with conspecifics. However, fish with territories fed at faster rates than non-territorial fish, possibly because of reduced competition for prey items. Consequently, fish from the first group (containing most of the territorial fish) grew faster than the other two groups. Moreover, most of the territory holders, but only one of the non-territorial fish, reached the threshold size that increases their probability of smolting the following year. This suggests that ability to obtain a defensible territory, primarily through prior residence, influences the age at which juvenile salmon can migrate to sea.
State-Selective High-Energy Excitation of Nuclei by Resonant Positron Annihilation
Creators: name: Belov, N. A.
name: Harman, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the annihilation of a positron with a bound atomic electron, the virtual gamma photon created may excite the atomic nucleus. We put forward this effect as a spectroscopic tool for an energy-selective excitation of nuclear transitions. This scheme can efficiently populate nuclear levels of arbitrary multipolarities in the MeV regime, including monopole transitions and giant resonances. In certain cases, it may have a higher cross sections than the conventionally used Coulomb excitation.
Code for Keeping the global consumption within the planetary boundaries
Creators: name: Tian, Peipei
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The code is for the paper: Keeping the global consumption within the planetary boundaries.  Code was developed in MATLAB to calculate the environmental footprints of expenditure groups.

Most of the data processing work has been done in previous study. If you have any question, please contact TianPP@sdu.edu.cn
Half-quantum flux in spin-triplet superconducting rings with bias current
Creators: name: Aoyama, Kazushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effects of a bias electric current have been theoretically investigated in a spin-triplet superconducting ring in a magnetic field. Based on the Ginzburg-Landau theory, we show that the bias current can stabilize a half-quantum-flux (HQF) state via couplings to the Zeeman field and the dipole-type spin-orbit interaction, the latter becoming active when the field is tilted from the ring axis. The emergence of the HQF state is reflected as a field-induced half-quantum-shift in the Little-Parks (LP) oscillation in the critical current. Possible relevance to recent LP experiments is also discussed.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures + supplemental material
Improving FHB Screening in Wheat Breeding Using an Efficient Transformer Model
Creators: name: Azad, Babak
name: Abdalla, Ahmed
name: Won, Kwanghee
name: Nafchi, Ali Mirzakhani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68T07, 68T10

description: Fusarium head blight is a devastating disease that causes significant economic losses annually on small grains. Efficiency, accuracy, and timely detection of FHB in the resistance screening are critical for wheat and barley breeding programs. In recent years, various image processing techniques have been developed using supervised machine learning algorithms for the early detection of FHB. The state-of-the-art convolutional neural network-based methods, such as U-Net, employ a series of encoding blocks to create a local representation and a series of decoding blocks to capture the semantic relations. However, these methods are not often capable of long-range modeling dependencies inside the input data, and their ability to model multi-scale objects with significant variations in texture and shape is limited. Vision transformers as alternative architectures with innate global self-attention mechanisms for sequence-to-sequence prediction, due to insufficient low-level details, may also limit localization capabilities. To overcome these limitations, a new Context Bridge is proposed to integrate the local representation capability of the U-Net network in the transformer model. In addition, the standard attention mechanism of the original transformer is replaced with Efficient Self-attention, which is less complicated than other state-of-the-art methods. To train the proposed network, 12,000 wheat images from an FHB-inoculated wheat field at the SDSU research farm in Volga, SD, were captured. In addition to healthy and unhealthy plants, these images encompass various stages of the disease. A team of expert pathologists annotated the images for training and evaluating the developed model. As a result, the effectiveness of the transformer-based method for FHB-disease detection, through extensive experiments across typical tasks for plant image segmentation, is demonstrated.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Presented at the 2023 ASABE Annual International Meeting conference in Omaha, Nebraska. Also available at https://elibrary.asabe.org/abstract.asp?aid=54149