Quadrastichus johnlasallei Gates &amp; Chao &amp; Lin &amp; Yang 2020, sp. n.
Creators: name: Gates, Michael W.
name: Chao, Yi-Min
name: Lin, Sheng-Feng
name: Yang, Man-Miao
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Quadrastichus
Quadrastichus johnlasallei

description: <i>Quadrastichus johnlasallei</i>, sp. n. (Figs 1, 3) Female Holotype. Length: 4.0 mm. Colour: Head, mesosoma, fore coxa, ovipositor sheaths, and gaster dorsally dark brown (except as noted beyond); antenna, middle and hind legs, gaster (anterodorsal quarter, anterolateral two-thirds, anteroventral two-thirds, dorsolaterally on gastral tergum 5) pale yellow (Figure 1 (a)). Fore wing hyaline, venation yellow. Head, in frontal view (Figure 3 (a)), 1.5 X as broad as high, 1.7 X as broad as frontovertex at its narrowest; malar space 0.6 X as long as an eye, the sulcus slightly curved, without a triangular fovea beneath the eye; POL 3.2 X OOL, OOL 1.3 X OD; mandible tridentate; head finely setose, eyes very sparsely setose, setae short, &lt;1 ommatidial diameter (Figure 3 (a)); lower margins of toruli approximately two torulus diameter above lower eye margins; clypeus bilobate (Figure 3 (a)). Antenna (Figure 3 (d–h)) with scape 3.6 X as long as broad, longer than the length of an eye, just exceeding vertex; pedicel approximately 2.5 X as long as broad, 1.5 X as long as basal funicle segment; one transverse anellus present; funicle three-segmented, F1 just shorter than the subequal F2–F3, F1 2.6 X, F2 3.8 X, F3 3.8 X as long as broad; clava 5.0 X as long as broad; apical spine ~0.8 X length apical segment; sensilla sparse, flagellum rather sparsely setose (Figure 3 (d–e)). Mesosoma (Figure 3 (b–c)) 1.3 X as long as broad; mesoscutum in profile gently convex dorsally, in dorsal view gently rounded laterally; mesoscutal midlobe approximately as long as broad, with fine median line; with 2 adnotaular setae at each side, in posterior half; mesoscutum with very fine lineate sculpture; scutellum convex in profile, 1.2 X broader than long with submedian lines; sculpture as in mesoscutum; scutellum with 2 pairs of setae; dorsellum convex, smooth, medially about as long as propodeum; propodeum without median carina, with curved spiracular sulcus mesad reminiscent of paraspiracular carina, with very fine reticulate sculpture; spiracles ~1x their own diameter from anterior propodeal margin; cali each with 2 setae. Fore wing (Figure 1 (a)) 2.2 X as long as broad; costal cell 15.0 X as long as broad, 0.7 X length of marginal vein, asetose; submarginal vein with 1 dorsal seta; marginal vein 3.0 X as long as stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein 0.3 X stigmal; subcubital line of setae extending basally as far as basal setal line, closing speculum posteriorly; longest marginal cilia ~1.4 X as long as longest setae on marginal vein. Metasoma elongate, 2.6 X longer than mesosoma, 2.0 X longer than broad, tapered apically; epipygium 2.3 X longer than broad; hypopygium reaching to about 0.3 X the length of gaster; ovipositor sheaths short, hardly protruding apically; one cercal seta twice length others and curved. <i>Male</i> Length: 3.1 mm. Colour: much as in female except following lacking anterodorsal yellow patches on gastral tergum 5 and all coxae brown. Differing structurally from the female mainly in the antenna (Figure 3 (f–h)): scape with a linear ventral plaque, placed in middle half (Figure 3 (f)); a single transverse anellus present; funicle four-segmented, F1 2.0 X, F2 2.5 X, F3 2.5 X, F4 2.8 X, as long as broad, all broadest basally and narrowing apically, clava 8.3 X as long as broad; flagellum sparsely setose, the setae on funicle segments fairly long, slightly curved, basal dorsal whorls on F1 <b>–</b> 4 reaching beyond following segment; clava sensilla not recurved (Figure 3 (g–h)). <i>Variation</i> One female has the dorsoapical margin of gastral tergum 6 yellow and basal ¼ hind coxa brown. Diagnosis and recognition. This species keys to the <i>anysis</i> -group to a large extent, ultimately to couplet 21 where it roughly matches diagnostic features of <i>Q. xanthosoma</i>, namely the elongate metasoma and epipygium. However, <i>Q. johnlasallei</i> differs from <i>Q. xanthosoma</i> in having brown head and mesosoma, partially brown metasoma (head and body mostly to wholly yellow), female clava 5.0 X as long as broad (3.0 X), clypeus bilobate (straight). <i>Quadrastichus xanthosoma</i> is known from Europe and USSR where it attacks <i>Massalongia</i> spp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on <i>Betula</i> spp. (Noyes 2019). In the key of Narendran (2007), ours runs to <i>Q. suhderi</i> Narendran and roughly matches in overall colouration, 2 adnotaular setae and hypopygium not extending to middle of gaster, but differs in lacking characteristic banding patterns on the middle and hind femur and tibia (legs wholly yellow). Biologically, <i>Q. sudheri</i> is phytophagous in tender shoots of mango, <i>Mangifera indica</i> L. (Anacardiaceae), causing desiccation of the branches in India. Finally, in the Reina and La Salle (2004) key to Old World species of the <i>anysis</i> -group, Q. <i>johnlasallei</i> runs to <i>Q. anysis</i> Reina &amp; LaSalle as both share mesoscutum dark brown and male ventral plaque ~0.5 X scape length, but differ in speculum ~0.5 X length MV (0.2 X), but dark brown band on gastral terga 3–4 (most gastral terga brown) and propodeum distinctly reticulate (sculpture effaced reticulate). Further, <i>Q. citrella</i> is an idiobiont ectoparasitoid of the leafminer <i>P. citrella</i> in SE Asia and parts of Europe whereas <i>Q. anysis</i> is known from <i>M. buxi</i> that mines the leaves of <i>Buxus</i> spp. throughout Europe and North America. <i>Etymology</i> Named in honour of our friend and colleague, Dr John La Salle, for his numerous contributions to our knowledge of Eulophidae. <i>Biology</i> This species was reared from leaf blister galls of <i>Litchiomyia chinensis</i>. Its specific biology within the gall remains unknown. <i>Type material examined</i> Female holotype, 1 female: TAIWAN: Nantou Co.: Caotun Township, Jianxing Rd., 23° 59 <i>ʹ</i> 39.7”N 120°46 <i>ʹ</i> 18.1”E, 15.VIII.2018, em 15.VIII.2018, Coll. Yi-Min Chao; sp. 3 female #9; USNMENT01525920 (NCHUC). 2 female paratypes, same data as holotype, except dates are 27.VII.18, em. 14.VIII.2018; secondary label reads: sp. 3, female #8, USNMENT01525921 (NHMUK); USNMENT01525922 (CNCI). 2 females, same data as holotype, except dates are 25.VII.2018, em. 20.VIII.2018; secondary label reads: sp. 1, male #3, USNMENT01525919 (NCHUC); USNMENT01525918 (NHMUK). 1 female paratype, same data as holotype, except dates are 18.V.2018, em. 15.VII.2018 (1 f, NCHU). 3 females, 3 male paratypes: TAIWAN: Changhua Co.: Fenyuan Township, No. 139 Zhongshan Rd., 24°00 <i>ʹ</i> 9.2”N 120° 37 <i>ʹ</i> 32.3”E, 19.IX.2018, Heyieh, Coll. Yi-Min Chao; sp. 2 female #6, USNMENT01525917 (1 f, USNM); same locality, dates and secondary labels as follows: 15.VIII.18, em. 9.IX.2018, sp. 3 male #11, USNMENT01525916 (1 m, USNM); 25.V.18, em. 21.IX.2018, sp. 3 female #10, USNMENT01525915 (1 f, NCHUC); 16.VIII.18, em. 15.IX.2018, sp. 3 male #12, USNMENT01525912 (1 m NHMUK); 13.IX.18, em. 21.IX.2018, sp. 1 female #1, USNMENT01525914 (1 f, USNM); 19.IX.18, em. 22.IX.2018, sp. 2 female #11, USNMENT01525913 (1 f, CNCI); same locality and collector, 12.III.2018 (1 f, NCHU). 3 female paratypes: TAIWAN: Chiayi Co.: East Dist., No. 2 Minquan Rd., 23°29 <i>ʹ</i> 07.7”N 120°28 <i>ʹ</i> 13.5”E, 14.VIII.2018 Coll. Yi-Min Chao, em. 3.IX.2018 (2 f, NCHU); em. 6.IX.2018 (1 f, NCUH). We hope that this work will stimulate research on <i>Quadrastichus</i> worldwide, especially larger regional treatments. However, the necessity of recent work to date on various pestiferous/beneficial <i>Quadrastichus</i> (Kim et al., 2004; Kim et al. 2008; Prinsloo and Kelly 2009; Jansen-Gonázlez et al. 2019) is undeniable and underscores the need for further research.
description: Published as part of <i>Gates, Michael W., Chao, Yi-Min, Lin, Sheng-Feng &amp; Yang, Man-Miao, 2020, Description of two new Quadrastichus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) reared from Litchiomyia chinensis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on commercial lychee (Litchi chinensis; Sapindaceae) in Taiwan, pp. 635-646 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9)</i> on pages 641-644, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1779367, http://zenodo.org/record/4290750
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