cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
I felt so much conflict instead of joy: an analysis of open-ended comments from people in British Columbia who declined care recommendations during pregnancy and childbirth
Creators: name: Stoll, Kathrin
name: Wang, Jessie J.
name: Niles, Paulomi
name: Wells, Lindsay
name: Vedam, Saraswathi
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2021

description: Background: No Canadian studies to date have examined the experiences of people who decline aspects of care during pregnancy and birth. The current analysis bridges this gap by describing comments from 1123 people in British Columbia (BC) who declined a test or procedure that their care provider recommended. Methods: In the Changing Childbirth in BC study, childbearing people designed a mixed-methods study, including a cross-sectional survey on experiences of provider-patient interactions over the course of maternity care. We conducted a descriptive quantitative content analysis of 1540 open ended comments about declining care recommendations. Results: More than half of all study participants (n = 2100) declined care at some point during pregnancy, birth, or the postpartum period (53.5%), making this a common phenomenon. Participants most commonly declined genetic or gestational diabetes testing, ultrasounds, induction of labour, pharmaceutical pain management during labour, and eye prophylaxis for the newborn. Some people reported that care providers accepted or supported their decision, and others described pressure and coercion from providers. These negative interactions resulted in childbearing people feeling invisible, disempowered and in some cases traumatized. Loss of trust in healthcare providers were also described by childbearing people whose preferences were not respected whereas those who felt informed about their options and supported to make decisions about their care reported positive birth experiences. Conclusions: Declining care is common during pregnancy and birth and care provider reactions and behaviours greatly influence how childbearing people experience these events. Our findings confirm that clinicians need further training in person-centred decision-making, including respectful communication even when choices fall outside of standard care.
title: Exercising or Evading International Public Authority? The Many Faces of Environmental Post-Treaty Instruments
Creators: name: Staal, Tim
Publisher: name: Institut für Völker- und Europarecht, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Year: 2016
Subjects: Völkerrecht
Internationales Recht
Europarecht
Law of Nation
International Law
European Law

description: Post-treaty instruments (PTIs) are informal instruments adopted by consensus of the treaty parties as follow-up decision to a particular provision in a treaty. PTIs are potentially significant instruments for advancing environmental global governance, as the treaty parties may use them to transform indeterminate treaty provisions into more specific environmental rules and decisions. While a number of PTIs are rightly characterized as exercises of authority, this article seeks to demonstrate how certain environmental PTIs with rule-setting character (‘PTRs’) amount to evasions of authority by reducing international authority over States’ environmental policies, or alleviate rather than tighten the treaty parties’ obligations, through their content or legal status. First, some PTRs avoid authoritative language, requiring little or no concrete action by the treaty parties. Some treaty-based assignments to adopt PTRs are never even acted upon. Other PTRs simply water down the obligations of the treaty parties compared to the underlying treaty provisions. Second, PTRs possess an ambiguous legal status both in legal doctrine and in the practice of domestic and EU courts. The article further argues that consensual decision-making may well be at the root of this ambivalent practice. As a broader contribution to the debate about International Public Authority (IPA), the proposition is advanced that we need to scrutinize more carefully what kind and degree of authority an instrument exercises exactly – or not. Evasions of authority and alleviations of obligations – which can be conceived as a special type of exercising authority through inaction – have important implications for what future legal frameworks of international public law must deliver in terms of effective and legitimate procedural design.
description: Goettingen Journal of International Law ; Vol. 7, no. 1, page 9-48
description: Special Issue: The exercise of public authority by international organizations
Physics-informed neural networks for sCT generation and beyond
Creators: name: Maspero, Matteo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Deep Learning
subject: Physics
subject: Neural Networks, Computer
subject: Radiotherapy

description: Maspero Matteo, Physics-informed neural networks for sCT generation and beyond. 2025-05-06, Vienna, ESTRO2025Session: Novel approaches to AI in radiation oncology
Urban policies and planning approaches for a safer and climate friendlier mobility in cities: strategies, initiatives and some analysis
Creators: name: Tiboni, Michaela
name: Rossetti, Silvia
name: Vetturi, David
name: Schäfer, Marco
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Stadtplanung
Stadtverkehr
Nachhaltige Mobilität
Sicherheit

description: How can urban policies and planning approaches help in achieving a safer mobility and carbon reduction in the transport sector? The attention of planners and policy makers towards the promotion of sustainability and reduction of environmental impacts has grown in recent years. This paper investigates the role that Urban Planning plays in the long term towards a safer and climate friendlier mobility, highlighting the need for integrated approaches gathering spatial planning and mobility management. After a review of several urban policies and planning strategies, initiatives, and approaches, mainly based on the urban scale, the paper presents an urban regeneration case study leading to an increase of pedestrian accessibility at the neighborhood level. This can be seen as a support tool to foster sustainable, safe, and climate friendly mobility in cities. The results of the performed analysis show a dependency of accessibility from two different factors: the distribution of services and the capillarity of the soft mobility network, which can contribute to creating a more walkable space. © 2021 by the authors
A simple necessary and sufficient condition for the convexity of interpolated Lorenz curves
Creators: name: Schrag, H.
name: Kramer, W.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: We give a simple necessary and sufficient condition for the convexity of the Gastwirth-Glauberman Hermite interpolation of an incompletely given Lorenz curve.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 2 (1993)
Review of Design Considerations for Brain-on-a-Chip Models
Creators: name: Cameron, Tiffany
name: Bennet, Tanya
name: Rowe, Elyn M.
name: Anwer, Mehwish
name: Wellington, Cheryl L.
name: Cheung, Karen C.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: In recent years, the need for sophisticated human in vitro models for integrative biology has motivated the development of organ-on-a-chip platforms. Organ-on-a-chip devices are engineered to mimic the mechanical, biochemical and physiological properties of human organs; however, there are many important considerations when selecting or designing an appropriate device for investigating a specific scientific question. Building microfluidic Brain-on-a-Chip (BoC) models from the ground-up will allow for research questions to be answered more thoroughly in the brain research field, but the design of these devices requires several choices to be made throughout the design development phase. These considerations include the cell types, extracellular matrix (ECM) material(s), and perfusion/flow considerations. Choices made early in the design cycle will dictate the limitations of the device and influence the end-point results such as the permeability of the endothelial cell monolayer, and the expression of cell type-specific markers. To better understand why the engineering aspects of a microfluidic BoC need to be influenced by the desired biological environment, recent progress in microfluidic BoC technology is compared. This review focuses on perfusable blood–brain barrier (BBB) and neurovascular unit (NVU) models with discussions about the chip architecture, the ECM used, and how they relate to the in vivo human brain. With increased knowledge on how to make informed choices when selecting or designing BoC models, the scientific community will benefit from shorter development phases and platforms curated for their application.
title: A Public Law Approach to Internet Standard Setting
Creators: name: Company, Biel
Publisher: name: Institut für Völker- und Europarecht, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Year: 2016
Subjects: Völkerrecht
Internationales Recht
Europarecht
Öffentliches Recht
Law of Nation
International Law
European Law
Public Law

description: This article lays the foundations of a comprehensive analysis of the legitimacy of global Internet governance institutions from the perspective of public law. It does so by extending the application of the international public authority approach (IPA) not only beyond public institutions, but beyond ICANN and the unique identifiers regime, which have been the focus of public and scholarly attention so far, to cover another domain where informal and private institutions play a leading role: Internet standardisation. In order to do so, section B. provides an overview of global Internet governance as an example of the privatization and informalization of authority that characterizes global governance. Section C. presents IPA’s conceptual framework and situates it within the broader context of public law approaches to global governance, focusing on the way it justifies the application of pubic law standards to the exercise of authority by informal and private institutions and instruments. Section D. inquires whether the development of the main technical standards of the Internet, the TCP/IP protocol suite, by two private and informal institutions, the IETF and the W3C, qualifies as an exercise of international public or functionally equivalent authority. These standards can be regarded as authoritative because they constitute the code of the Internet and because economic network effects render them economically obligatory. Whereas technical standardization meets IPA’s original functional equivalence criterion for identifying those instances where private authority should be assessed and subjected to public law standards, the extent to which it qualifies as public authority according to Goldmann’s more demanding conception of it remains an aspect to be clarified in further research.
description: Goettingen Journal of International Law ; Vol. 7, no. 1, page 49-94
description: Special Issue: The exercise of public authority by international organizations
Prediction of future observations from Pareto population in the presence of an outlier
Creators: name: Jeevanand, E. S.
name: Unnikrishnan Nair, N.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: In this article a method of calculating prediction intervals for the order statistics from the Pareto population based on samples which contain a discordant observation is presented.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 2 (1993)
Sulla robustezza del test t di Student in presenza di un dato anomalo
Creators: name: Gambini, A.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: This paper is concerned with the influence analysis of outlying observation on the Student's t-test power function. This test is compared with the particular family of  "robust procedures" consisting in the previous application to the data set of appropriate outlier identification and rejection rules and subsequent classical testing. We found out  "break even sample sizes", starting from which the Student's t-test is more powerful than the "robust procedures" assumed as benchmarks.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 2 (1993)
La mobilità nel mercato del lavoro: un'analisi econometrica con osservazioni in tempo discreto
Creators: name: Pastorello, S.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: In western countries national surveys of the labour markets usually provide discrete time observations. Individuals are interviewed at some distinct dates, so that we can observe their status (employed, unemployed, ...), but nothing is known about what happened between observation dates. This kind of data does not permit the estimation of multi-states duration models, which are usually employed to study individual transitions. On the contrary, econometric tools based on continuous-time Markov processes can be applied. In this case, it is very important to take into account as much as possible individual heterogeneity. In this paper, we put forth a new approach (based on the Kalbfleisch and Lawless (1985) algorithm) which completely exploits the sample information on observable heterogeneity. I estimate two models: a reduced form, and a structural form derived from Burdett et alii (1984) dynamic stochastic utility model. I analyse a sample from the Italian survey "Rilevazione Trimestrale delle Forze di Lavoro" on the period January 1985-April 1986.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 2 (1993)
Multilinear models with time-varying parameters
Creators: name: Grillenzoni, C.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: A class of multilinear models for nonlinear time series is introduced. It extends the bilinear ARMA representation of Granger-Andersen by including general monomials of lagged input and output. For this class, algorithms of structure identification and parameter estimation are provided, suitable for dealing with subset models and time-varying coefficients. An extended application on real economic data illustrates the framework and makes comparisons with other nonlinear models.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 2 (1993)
A multivariate beta model
Creators: name: Mathai, A. M.
name: Moschopoulos, P. G.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: A multivariate beta model is introduced by combining univariate real beta variables and uniform random variables. Various properties of this model are studied, including product moments, conditional moments, exact density, Chebyshev's type inequalities and estimation of parameters.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 2 (1993)
Verifica statistica di ipotesi funzionali multivariate
Creators: name: Penada, A.
name: Taroni, G.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: In this work we are interested in a randomized procedure in order to transform the multivariate goodness-of-fit hypothesis into an equivalent univariate goodness-of-fit hypothesis.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 2 (1993)
Estimation of population total using an alternative estimator for RHC scheme
Creators: name: Mangat, N. S.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: The paper considers an alternative estimator for Rao, Hartely and Cocharn's (1962) scheme. The estimator is unbiased. It promises increased efficiency when the intercept of the regression line of the study variable is negative and the size of the sample to be selected is small.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 2 (1993)
Estimating effects in ordinal dummy variable regression
Creators: name: Oyeka, I. C. A.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: This paper discusses the ordinal dummy variable coding system and its  use on categorical data.
In this method each originally coded interval-scale parent independent variable is represented by a set of ordinal dummy variables of 1's and 0's designating the various levels of that parent variable.
The effect of a specified parent independent variable on a dependent variable is  shown to be the weighted sum of the net effects of its representative ordinal dummy variables on the dependent variable, where the weights are the simple regression  effects of the ordinal variable on its parent dummy variables.
The method is illustrated with some data set.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 2 (1993)
Improved estimation of the Poisson parameter
Creators: name: Ahmed, S. E.
name: Kahn, S. M.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: A preliminary test approach using shrinkage technique is proposed for the estimation of a Poisson parameter. In this article, an a priori value of the parameter is assumed to be available in the form of realistic guessed value based on the experimenter's knowledge and experience to increase the precision of estimators by using a preliminary test. It is to be noted that this approach differs from the Bayesian approach since we do not assume a prior distribution for the parameter. Three possible estimators, namely the unrestricted maximum likelihood estimator (UMLE), the shrinkage restricted maximum likelihood estimator (SRMLE) and the shrinkage preliminary test maximum likelihood estimator (SPTMLE), are presented. Asymptotic mean squared errors of the estimators are derived and compared analytically and numerically. The relative dominance picture of the estimators is presented. It is shown that the range in the parameter space which SPTMLE dominates the UMLE is wider than that of usual preliminary test maximum likelihood estimator (PTMLE). Further, the SPTMLE provides more meaningful size for the preliminary test than the usual PTMLE. A Monte Carlo study provided to compare the performance of the estimators for small sample sizes.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 2 (1993)
title: Pandemic Declarations of the World Health Organization as an Exercise of International Public Authority
title: The Possible Legal Answers to Frictions Between Legitimacies
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Villarreal, Pedro A.
Publisher: name: Institut für Völker- und Europarecht, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Year: 2016
Subjects: Völkerrecht
Internationales Recht
Europarecht
Law of Nation
International Law
European Law
World Health Organization

description: The institutional decisions regarding the 2009–2010 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic displayed how the World Health Organization’s (WHO) role as the international organization in charge of coordinating the pandemic response amounts to an exercise of authority. Notably, the 11 June, 2009 Pandemic Declaration was grounded in the WHO’s guidelines that do not have a binding nature according to international law. However, this is not an obstacle for considering them as an act of authority, since their effects can constrain the decision-making of States. If these non-binding acts have an authoritative nature, then it is necessary to address various legitimacy issues that may be present. This is where the concept of international public authority (IPA) can prove useful, since it enables to combine the non-binding nature of Pandemic Declarations and the respective guidelines with broad legally-oriented figures such as transparency and accountability. The controversies surrounding the 2009 Pandemic Declaration illustrate how the strictly technical-scientific elements that led to such a decision were not necessarily harmonious with other aspects more related to political decision making in general, such as transparency and accountability. This can be considered as an example of how so-called ‘technocratic legitimacy’ sometimes generates friction with lato sensu ‘political legitimacy’. As the 2009–2010 pandemic period unraveled, it became clear that expertise-based legitimacy is not sufficient in itself to consider the act as generally legitimate. On the contrary, the strongest criticisms directed at the decision-making process of the WHO during this event were leveled against deficits of transparency and accountability. This article purports to discuss the issue of how both types of legitimacies, technical-scientific and political, are necessary components for deeming Pandemic Declarations as legitimate enough, since they amount to an exercise of international public authority.
description: Goettingen Journal of International Law ; Vol. 7, no. 1, page 95-129
description: Special Issue: The exercise of public authority by international organizations
Handreichung zum Forschungsdatenmanagement (SUH, UB Hildesheim). Wie finde ich Forschungsdaten? Wie suche ich nach Forschungsdaten?
Creators: name: Strauch, Annette
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: FDM
Forschungsdatenmanagement
Forschungsdatenrepositum
Repositorien
Repository
Speicherung
Sekundärnutzung

description: Für Forschungsdaten gibt es noch kaum große Datenbanken beziehungsweise Nachweissysteme, so dass meistens auf mehreren Plattformen gesucht werden muss. In einem institutionellen Repositorium können Sie nach Forschungsdaten, die von Wissenschaftler*innen einer bestimmten Forschungseinrichtung (zum Beispiel einer Hochschule) stammen, suchen. In den meisten Fällen sind diese Repositorien-Typen fachübergreifend. Die inhaltliche Qualität der Forschungsdaten wird bei der Aufnahme in institutionelle Repositorien zumeist nicht überprüft. Lediglich formale Aspekte (zum Beispiel Metadaten oder Dateiformate) werden einer Kontrolle unterzogen (in der Regel durch Mitarbeiter*innen der jeweiligen Hochschulbibliothek beziehungsweise des IT-Zentrums).
Unfolded Protein Response and Scaffold Independent Pheromone MAP Kinase Signaling Control Verticillium dahliae Growth, Development, and Plant Pathogenesis
Creators: name: Starke, Jessica
name: Harting, Rebekka
name: Maurus, Isabel
name: Leonard, Miriam
name: Bremenkamp, Rica
name: Heimel, Kai
name: Kronstad, James Warren
name: Braus, Gerhard H.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: Differentiation, growth, and virulence of the vascular plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae depend on a network of interconnected cellular signaling cascades. The transcription factor Hac1 of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated unfolded protein response (UPR) is required for initial root colonization, fungal growth, and vascular propagation by conidiation. Hac1 is essential for the formation of microsclerotia as long-time survival resting structures in the field. Single endoplasmic reticulum-associated enzymes for linoleic acid production as precursors for oxylipin signal molecules support fungal growth but not pathogenicity. Microsclerotia development, growth, and virulence further require the pheromone response mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, but without the Ham5 scaffold function. The MAPK phosphatase Rok1 limits resting structure development of V.dahliae, but promotes growth, conidiation, and virulence. The interplay between UPR and MAPK signaling cascades includes several potential targets for fungal growth control for supporting disease management of the vascular pathogen V.dahliae.
title: Different Visualizations Cause Different Strategies When Dealing With Bayesian Situations
Creators: name: Eichler, Andreas
name: Böcherer-Linder, Katharina
name: Vogel, Markus
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Bayesian reasoning
subject: Bayesian situations
subject: natural frequencies
subject: strategies
subject: visualization
subject: 500
subject: Bayes-Verfahren
subject: Eigenfrequenz
subject: Strategie
subject: Visualisierung

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
Genetic diversity and expanded epidemic area of novel tick-borne pathogen Wetland virus in ticks, wild and domestic animals, and patient in China
Creators: name: Yuan, Hong-Xia
name: Lv, Xiao-Long
name: Zhang, Mei-Qi
name: Si, Guang-Qian
name: Zhao, Zhi-Jun
name: Han, Xiao-Hu
name: Hou, Zhi-Jun
name: Cui, Ning
name: Zhang, Lei
name: Ma, Yi-Dan
name: Wu, Si-Qian
name: Yang, Xin
name: Mu, Han-Zheng
name: Peng, Cong
name: Chen, Ming
name: Bao, Peng-Tao
name: Li, Hao
name: Han, Shu-Zhen
name: Zhang, Xiao-Ai
name: Liu, Wei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Wetland virus (WELV) is a recently identified segmented orthonairovirus associated with human febrile illness in northeastern China. To elucidate its ecological drivers and transmission patterns, we conducted multi-host surveillance in seven eco-climate regions across China through an integrated approach combining molecular and serological profiling. Over 33,000 questing and feeding ticks representing 11 species were systematically screened WELV-RNA alongside 1,493 wild small mammals, while 2,578 domestic animals and 3,921 patients presenting with outdoor field or tick exposure history underwent both WELV specific molecular and serological evaluation. WELV-RNA detection via real-time RT-PCR revealed low but widespread infection, including 0.54% (8/1,493) in wild rodents (Apodemus chevrieri, Rattus norvegicus), 1.12% (29/2,578) in domestic animals, and 0.86% (275/33091) in ticks, including five newly confirmed vector species. Serological analysis via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrated 2.44% (63/2578) IgG seroprevalence in livestock. Clinical surveillance identified acute WELV infections in 1.81% (71/3921) of febrile patients, predominantly as monoinfections (77.46%, 55/71). Coinfected patients exhibited elevated disease severity markers, with hospitalization rates doubling compared to single-infection cases (87.50% vs.36.36%). Spatiotemporal analysis showed spring-summer predominance of WELV for both ticks and human patients. Phylogenetic analyses revealed remarkable genetic conservation patterns of WELV strains across diverse hosts and tick vectors; and clustering across geographical regions. These findings establish WELV as an emerging tick-borne virus with trans-regional spread across heterogeneous landscapes in China. The intersecting transmission cycles among wildlife reservoirs, domestic amplifier hosts, and expanding tick vectors underscore the imperative for integrated surveillance strategies to mitigate this growing public health threat.
Strange Days : Adult Physical Activity and Mental Health in the First Two Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Creators: name: Gierc, Madelaine
name: Riazi, Negin A.
name: Fagan, Matthew
name: Di Sebastiano, Katie
name: Kandola, Mahabhir
name: Priebe, Carly
name: Weatherson, Katie A.
name: Wunderlich, Kelly
name: Faulkner, Guy E. J., 1970-
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2021

description: Background: In addition to its physical health benefits, physical activity is increasingly recognized as a means to support mental health. Regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with improved mental well-being, reduced likelihood of developing mental illness, and improved symptom management. Despite these benefits, most people fail to achieve minimum recommended levels of MVPA. Population levels of physical activity have further declined since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and implementation of public health measures (e.g., shelter-in-place protocols). The potential impact of this decline on mental heath outcomes warrants ongoing investigation. Purpose: To investigate associations between changes in MVPA and mental health (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and life satisfaction) in adults impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Research followed a cross-sectional design. English-speaking adults were invited to complete an online questionnaire. MVPA was assessed retrospectively (before COVID-19) and currently (during COVID-19) with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Mental health was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire, 9-Item (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder, 7-Item (GAD-7), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Regression was used to assess relationships between MVPA and mental health. ANOVA with follow-up tests examined whether participants who differed in mental health status (e.g., no symptoms vs. severe symptoms) differed in their change in MVPA. T-tests were used to examine differences in mental health symptomatology between participants who were sufficiently (i.e., achieving MVPA guidelines of ≥ 150 min/week) vs. insufficiently active. Results: Prior to COVID-19, 68.2% of participants were classified as being sufficiently active, vs. 60.6% during COVID-19. The majority of participants reported experiencing some level of depressive symptoms (62.0%) or anxiety symptoms (53.7%). After controlling for covariates, changes in MVPA accounted for significant variability in the PHQ-9 (7.7%), GAD-7 (2.5%), and SWLS (1.5 %). Participants with clinically significant mental health symptomatology reported greater declines in MVPA than those who reported no symptoms. Conversely, participants who were sufficiently active during COVID-19 reported significantly lower depression and anxiety, and higher life satisfaction. Conclusion: Participants who experienced the greatest declines in MVPA reported relatively greater psychological distress and lower life satisfaction. While preliminary, these findings suggest the importance of maintaining and promoting physical activity during a period of pandemic.
Estimating variances and covariances in a censored regression model
Creators: name: Calzolari, G.
name: Fiorentini, G.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: When the coefficients of a Tobit model are estimated by maximum likelihood their covariance matrix Is typically, even if not necessarily, associated with the algorithm employed to maximize the likelihood. Covariance estimators used in practice are derived by: (1) the Hessian (observed information), (2) the matrix of outer products of the first derivatives of the log-likelihood (OPG version), (3) the expected Hessian (estimated information), (4) a mixture of 1 and 2 (White's QML covariance matrix)
Significant differences among these estimates are usually interpreted as an indication of misspecification. From our Monte Carlo study this seems not to be true, unless the sample size is really very large. Even in absence of misspecification, large differences are encountered in small samples, and the sign of the differences is almost systematic. This suggests that the choice of the covariance estimator is not neutral and the results of hypotheses testing may be strongly affected by such a choice.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 3 (1993)
Надчеканка монеты в Молдавии и Литве в первой половине XV в. по данным клада из украинского села Стижок
Creators: name: Petrov, Alexander
name: Dergaciova, Lilia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 210399 Historical Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: History and archaeology
subject: History
subject: 219999 History and Archaeology not elsewhere classified
subject: 210102 Archaeological Science
subject: Archaeology
subject: 210105 Archaeology of Europe, the Mediterranean and the Levant
subject: 210307 European History (excl. British, Classical Greek and Roman)
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Клад из c. Стижок является одним из крупнейших депонирований серебряных монет XIV–XV вв., найденных на исторической территории Великого княжества Литовского.
 Деньги из глиняного горшка имеют отношение к истории многих современных государств: Литвы, Беларуси, Молдовы, Украины, Польши, Чехии, Румынии, Италии, Турции. Совокупность стран-эмитентов делает клад своеобразной и неповторимой энциклопедией средневековья.
 По нему можно проследить сложные процессы денежного обращения и международной торговли Европы с итальянскими колониями в Северном Причерноморье, исследовать влияние золотоордынской и крымско-татарской валюты на рынке Восточной Европы, выявить проникновение пражских, молдавских и валашских монет на территорию Великого княжества Литовского, установить особенности надчеканивания серебряной монеты в конце XIV — середине XV в.
A double-hurdle labour supply model with fallible indicators of labour force state
Creators: name: Rettore, E.
name: Trivellato, U.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: We modify the formulation of a labour supply model with unemployment, to allow for measurement errors in some of the indicators used to operationally identify the labour force state of each individual. The resulting model consists of the combination of two models: (I) the model of interest is a reduced form bivariate Probit model, aimed at explaining jointly the participation/non-participation decision and the employment/ unemployment outcome; (II) to this model, we superimpose a fairly general and flexible measurement model, specifying how discrete indicators - obtained from responses to a relevant set of questionnaire items - measure the labour force states. We establish conditions for model identification, and present a sensible iterative strategy for obtaining ML estimates. Evidence from a sample of married women in the Italian Labour Force Survey corroborates the intuitively plausible notion that parameter estimates are highly sensitive to alternative ways of defining unemployment, and documents the advantages of the proposed model.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 3 (1993)
title: Comparison of respiratory and ischemic heart mortalities and their relationship to the thermal environment
title: Comparison of respiratory and ischemic heart mortalities and their relationship to the thermal environment
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Mücke, Hans-Guido
name: Schlegel, Irmela
name: Muthers, Stefan
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Bundesrepublik Deutschland

description: Chronic respiratory and ischemic heart diseases are globally important parts of total mortality. This study focuses on the occurrence of mortality due to these disease groups in Germany and possible effects of the thermal environment. A retrospective analysis on the mortality rates of chronic lower respiratory diseases (CLRD) and ischemic heart diseases (IHD) at the regional level in Germany for the period 2001-2015 was done in combination with meteorological observations from the network of the German Meteorological Service. In order to control the mortality data for long-term and seasonal trends, a 365-day Gaussian low-pass filter with a filter response function was applied. The thermal environment was analysed using 2 m air temperature (Ta) and the human biometeorological index Perceived Temperature (PT). The relationship of the Relative Risk (RR) of mortality to the thermal environment is displayed as an exposureâ€Ìresponse curve, with threshold values at which RR increases significantly towards higher and lower temperature values. CLRD mortality increases above 17.6 ˚C, at approximately 4.4%/˚C (CI: +/- 0.3). The increase of IHD mortality above the threshold of 18.8 ˚C is less steep, at 3.5%/˚C (CI: +/- 0.2). During hot periods, CLRD mortality increases by 19.9%, which is twice as much as IHD mortality, with an increase of 9.8%. However, cold days and cold periods affect IHD slightly more than CLRD. The results highlight the concerns of CLRD patients during hot days as well as heat waves. This could lead to better precautions being taken for respiratory patients, which are already established for cardiac patients in Germany. © 2020 by the authors
Institutional constraints on the working week length, fixed costs and female labour supply
Creators: name: Rettore, E.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: Most of existing studies on labour supply, starting from Heckman (1974), estimate individual preferences by assuming that hours of work are freely chosen, hence optimal with respect to individual preferences. In sharp contrast with this assumption, in
several countries the distribution of actual hours of work exhibits large peaks at certain hour regimes, presumably determined by institutional constraints. In this paper a model is introduced replacing the standard assumption by a much weaker one: observed hours of work rather than being optimal are acceptable. Every person is characterized by a maximum acceptable hours of work and choose about participation at work by comparing them to the number of hours they should work if they choose to participate. Attention is focused on maximum acceptable hours of work and some other related concepts. In fact, their relationship with the direct utility function turns out to be straightforward. Moreover, it is shown that in this framework (I) fixed costs to participate at work are identifiable, as well and (II) no relevant change in the analysis is needed if the budget constraint is not linear, but known, due to reasons other than fixed costs of participation. An application to married women labour supply in two region in the NE of Italy is presented.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 3 (1993)
Measurement error and the estimation of gross flows from longitudinal economic data
Creators: name: Skinner, C.
name: Torelli, N.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: The use of longitudinal survey data in economic research is considered with special reference to the estimation of gross flows. Alternative models of measurement error for discrete variables are reviewed. A common assumption is that errors on different occasions are independent. Two reasons for departures from this assumption are unit heterogeneity, where different units have different misclassification rates, and state heterogeneity, where different rates apply to individuals in different underlying states which partition the observed states. The effect of assuming independent errors in the presence of heterogeneity is considered. Approaches to adjusting for measurement error in gross flow estimation are reviewed.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 3 (1993)
title: Soft Authority Against Hard Cases of Racially Discriminating Speech: Why the CERD Committee Needs a Margin of Appreciation Doctrine
Creators: name: Goldmann, Matthias
name: Sonnen, Mona
Publisher: name: Institut für Völker- und Europarecht, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Year: 2016
Subjects: Völkerrecht
Internationales Recht
Europarecht
Law of Nation
International Law
European Law

description: This article argues that the Committee for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD Committee), as it exercises quasi-judicial authority, should consider applying standards of reasoning similar to those of international courts. In particular, with respect to racially discriminating speech, the legitimacy of the CERD Committee’s Communications would benefit from a margin of appreciation doctrine that leaves domestic authorities greater leeway in finding their strategy to counter the threat of anti-migrant popular sentiment and gives recognition to alternative approaches beyond criminal persecution. This allows a context sensitive approach that might do justice to both the freedom of expression and the need for a more effective protection against racially discriminating speech.
description: Goettingen Journal of International Law ; Vol. 7, no. 1, page 131-155
description: Special Issue: The exercise of public authority by international organizations
Labour force behaviour of older men the USA: an analysis of recent trends
Creators: name: Peracchi, F.
name: Welch, F.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: This paper presents a summary of ongoing research on the labour force behaviour of older men in the USA. Our empirical analysis is based on the matched and unmatched March Current Population Survey (CPS). The matched CPS is a new and potentially very rich source of information on dynamic labour force behaviour, and consists of a long sequence of short panels constructed by matching individual records across adjacent-year files of the March CPS. We use these data to describe what we believe are the most salient trends in participation and labour force transitions of older men during the last two decades.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 3 (1993)
Turnover costs in Italy: some preliminary evidence
Creators: name: Gavosto, A.
name: Sestito, P.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: The paper addresses the issue of adjustment costs of employment. A new panel of about 290,000 Italian firms, drawn from the Social Security files, is used. Figures on employment are monthly, from 1985:1 to 1990:12, and cut across all sizes and sectors of the economy. Three hypotheses on adjustment costs have been considered: no cost, quadratic and fixed costs. Both parametric and non-parametric tests have been carried out to discriminate between the different models. Results are still provisional. However, it clearly emerges that adjustment costs exist and are relevant, especially among large firms. As to their shape, most statistics support the notion of fixed costs.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 3 (1993)
Estimated fixed effect binary choice models with long panels: a practical approach to the conditional logit model
Creators: name: Giannelli, G. C.
name: Micklewright, J.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: In this paper we have presented a practical approach for consistent estimation of the binary choice logit model with long panels in the presence of unobserved fixed effects which may be correlated with observable. Our aim is to overcome the computational burden of the standard approach of CML estimation of the model which conditions on the minimal sufficient statistic, a burden which may result in estimation being quite inveasible in a really long panel. Our approach to this problem is (a) to condition the likelihood on a non-minimal sufficient statistic and (b) to factor the likelihood in such a way that it can be maximized in two-stages, the first requiring the use of a standard CML program for each sub-panel for the case of a minimal sufficient statistic, and the second imposing equality restrictions on the resulting estimates using minimum-distance. We have illustrated the technique with German panel data recording the labour force status of a sample of married women for 60 consecutive months. Unobservable fixed effects appeared important and we found, for example, that allowing for them may cause one's view of the association of husband and wife's labour force status to be changed.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 3 (1993)
Sample Passports MOMENTUM2.0 Test Materials
Creators: name: Höppener, Elena M.
name: Nooijens, Merel
name: Yoe, Laurine E.A.
name: Henke, Sieger
name: Nieuwelink, Anne-Eva
name: Parker, Luke A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: microplastics
test materials

description: As part of the MOMENTUM project (see Momentum | Universiteit Utrecht | Homepage (momentummicroplastics.nl)), sample passports were created with characterisation data of the produced test materials. In this publication the deliverable documents (sample passports) are published and made accessible for the public.
Alternative approaches to modelling individual transitions: the labour force participation of the wives of unemployed men in the UK
Creators: name: Pudney, S.
name: Thomas, J.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: This paper argues that for many dynamic labour market issues of interest both fully structural and reduced form empirical approaches are inappropriate. The former often pose quite intractable computational burdens while the latter is unduly restrictive. We illustrate our arguments in the context of the common finding of the lack of an "added worker effect" for the wives of unemployed males using UK data. Our empirical strategy, which combines elements of both approaches, indicates that complementarily between the non-labour market time (leisure) of both partners drives this low participation rate. While having a potentially large disincentive effect on wives' labour supply, the effect of the benefit system is small relative to household characteristics, especially the presence of young children.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 3 (1993)
The transition from school to working life: a longitudinal approach
Creators: name: Ghellini, G.
name: Lauro, S.
name: Lemmi, A.
name: Regoli, A.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: The aim of this study is the analysis of the choice behaviour of the students after the compulsory education. In particular, the attention is focused on two aspects: identifying the main determinants of the intention and of the choice of leaving the school just over the two years following the end of the compulsory school and testing the existence of a time dependence in the choices.
The empirical analysis is performed by discrete choice models and time-sequence logit models; the estimation of such models shows that the decision of leaving the school depends above all on a not regular past schooling history (one or more failures) and on a low family educational level. The time-sequence logit model has a better fit to the data, confirming the opportunity of a dynamic approach in the school-leaving analysis.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 3 (1993)