cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Heritage Science: Neglected but Necessary in Planning for the Future
Creators: name: Schweitzer, Christina
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2013

description: While most scientists look to the future, heritage scientists focus on preserving the past. Bridging science and art, this little-known field encompasses the conservation, interpretation and management of cultural assets. The educational and cultural importance of the UK’s historical assets is widely acknowledged, but they also contribute billions of pounds to the economy in the form of heritage tourism and conservation of historic buildings. Despite the economic benefits of investment in heritage science, the field is largely overlooked by policymakers and the scientific community at large, and has suffered from a lack of funding and career opportunities for scientists.
Effects of atom losses on a one-dimensional lattice gas of hardcore bosons
Creators: name: Riggio, François
name: Rosso, Lorenzo
name: Karevski, Dragi
name: Dubail, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atom losses occur naturally during cold atoms experiments. Since this phenomenon is unavoidable, it is important to understand its effect on the remaining atoms. Here we study a gas of hard-core bosons on a lattice subject to $K$-body losses (where $K=1,2,3,\dots$ is the number of atoms lost in each loss event), and in particular we investigate the effect of losses on the rapidity distribution $ρ(k)$ of the atoms. Under the assumption that losses are weak enough so that the system relaxes between two loss events, we are able to determine the loss functional $F[ρ](k)$ encoding the loss process for $K$-body losses. We derive closed expressions for the cases of one- and two-body losses, and show their effects on the evolution of the total number of particles. Then we add a harmonic trapping potential and study the evolution of the position-dependent rapidity distribution of this system by solving numerically the evolution equation for one-, two- and three-body losses.
description: 20 pages, 13 figures
Encouraging Innovation in Public Sector Employees: The Role of Financial Incentives on Creative Tasks?
Creators: name: Gladstone, Joe
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2012

description: Innovation in the public sector is no longer a luxury. Change has now become the rule, rather than the exception, as new global challenges mean innovative and creative solutions are required from government employees as never before. This task is made both more urgent and more difficult as budget cuts continue to bite. What are the primary levers available to encourage innovative ideas and behaviour from public sector employees? This paper looks at current evidence from behavioural science to better understand the problem and argues that classic assumptions of reward do not apply when trying to encourage more complex and creative behaviours.
THE DETERMINANTS OF PULSES PRODUCTION ON FARMS IN WIELKOPOLSKA PROVINCE
Creators: name: Śmiglak-Krajewska, Magdalena
name: Śmiglak-Krajewska, Magdalena
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: pulses
subject: feed industry
subject: farms

description: The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the development of production of pulses to be used as commodities or feeds on farms in Wielskopolska. The survey was conducted on 184 farms in 2012, where farmers were interviewed with a questionnaire. There was a minimal share of pulses in the crop structure on the farms under study. Low cost-effectiveness of production and yield instability were some of the reasons why the respondents did not start the production of pulses. Another important reason was the absence of the market to sell such products.
Open questions regarding proliferation resistance assessments of future nuclear fuel cycles
Creators: name: Ashley, Stephen F.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2012

description: The barriers that impede the acquisition of materials which could be used to manufacture a weapon of mass destruction or weapon of mass effect can generally be classified into two groups (e.g. as done by the Generation IV International Forum). The first group are classed as intrinsic barriers, which are characteristics that impede the diversion or undeclared production of nuclear material or misuse of technology by the Host State to acquire nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices. The second group are classed as extrinsic barriers, which are characteristics that impede the theft of materials suitable for nuclear explosives or radiation dispersal devices and the sabotage of facilities and transportation by sub-national entities and other non-Host State adversaries. Proliferation resistance assessments generally focus towards the intrinsic barriers, with physical protection assessment catering toward appraising the extrinsic barriers.
IMPACT OF LAND USE CHANGE ON LAND VALUE IN HUNGARY
Creators: name: Tóth-Naár, Zsuzsanna
name: Molnár, Márk
name: Vinogradov, Sergey A.
name: Tóth-Naár, Zsuzsanna
name: Molnár, Márk
name: Vinogradov, Sergey A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: agricultural land ownership
subject: land use
subject: land value

description: Tracking and analysing economic and social changes in the agricultural sector is vital for decision makers, sectoral parties, professional and advocacy organisations and research institutions. Collected statistical data serve as a basis for domestic decision making and provide the foundation of strategy formulation in rural development, agro-environmental protection and sustainable agriculture. In the course of our research, analyses based on statistical databases were used to assess land use changes and land market prices. The structural survey of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office in 2013 shows that the proportion of business organisations utilising arable land grew 7 percentage points while individual farms increased their share by 2 percentage points. Our research shows that the concentration of land use increased demand for land and thus contributed to the increase in land prices.
Building a secure, quantum internet for the future: will the UK’s science policy keep up?
Creators: name: Koehler-Sidki, Alex
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018

description: The digital world is changing fast; the computing power of today’s smartphones outpaces that of supercomputers from just twenty-five years ago. We can video-call people on the opposite side of the globe, and we trust that our data are transmitted securely from one device to another. But, given this breathless speed of advancement, can we maintain our security in the coming decades? The use of quantum mechanics could be the answer. Is the UK’s science policy up to it?
Frobenius lifts and elliptic curves with complex multiplication
Creators: name: Gurney, Lance
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a new characterisation of elliptic curves of Shimura type in terms commuting families of Frobenius lifts and also strengthen an old principal ideal theorem for ray class fields. These two results combined yield the existence of global minimal models for elliptic curves of Shimura type, generalising a result of Gross. Along the way we also prove a handful of small but new results regarding elliptic curves with complex multiplication.
The Art of Science Diplomacy
Creators: name: Majumdar, Mrittunjoy Guha
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018

description: Richard Holbrooke once said ‘Diplomacy is like jazz: endless variations on a theme’. A fine-art as it seemingly is, diplomacy has recently had an added embellishment on its canvas: science. For the diplomats of the day, this new addition to the vanguard of diplomacy has come with a lot of additional resources and opportunities, over and above the traditional elements of ‘soft power’, which is an approach to international relations that involves persuasion using economic and/ or cultural influences.
POLISH DIRECT INVESTMENTS ABROAD AS AN INSTRUMENT OF VALUE CREATION FOR INVESTORS
Creators: name: Zabolotnyy, Serhiy
name: Zabolotnyy, Serhiy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: foreign direct investments
subject: value
subject: return on investment

description: The research presented a financial approach to an issue of estimation of efficiency of the Polish foreign direct investments abroad (FDIA) as an instrument of value creation for investors. Besides the volume and distribution of Polish FDIA according to economic activity and geographical zone were analyzed. The volume of Polish FDIA outward position constantly grew due to an increase of equity capital, reinvested earnings and other capital in 2000-2012. The period after financial crisis (2010-2012) was characterized by a higher activity of Polish investors while the fluctuation of income from FDIA was mainly caused by a significant level of their concentration. Government bond yields were higher than return on FDIA that gave an evidence of relatively lower efficiency of FDIA.
Mid-circuit qubit measurement and rearrangement in a $^{171}$Yb atomic array
Creators: name: Norcia, M. A.
name: Cairncross, W. B.
name: Barnes, K.
name: Battaglino, P.
name: Brown, A.
name: Brown, M. O.
name: Cassella, K.
name: Chen, C. -A.
name: Coxe, R.
name: Crow, D.
name: Epstein, J.
name: Griger, C.
name: Jones, A. M. W.
name: Kim, H.
name: Kindem, J. M.
name: King, J.
name: Kondov, S. S.
name: Kotru, K.
name: Lauigan, J.
name: Li, M.
name: Lu, M.
name: Megidish, E.
name: Marjanovic, J.
name: McDonald, M.
name: Mittiga, T.
name: Muniz, J. A.
name: Narayanaswami, S.
name: Nishiguchi, C.
name: Notermans, R.
name: Paule, T.
name: Pawlak, K.
name: Peng, L.
name: Ryou, A.
name: Smull, A.
name: Stack, D.
name: Stone, M.
name: Sucich, A.
name: Urbanek, M.
name: van de Veerdonk, R.
name: Vendeiro, Z.
name: Wilkason, T.
name: Wu, T. -Y.
name: Xie, X.
name: Zhang, X.
name: Bloom, B. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurement-based quantum error correction relies on the ability to determine the state of a subset of qubits (ancillae) within a processor without revealing or disturbing the state of the remaining qubits. Among neutral-atom based platforms, a scalable, high-fidelity approach to mid-circuit measurement that retains the ancilla qubits in a state suitable for future operations has not yet been demonstrated. In this work, we perform imaging using a narrow-linewidth transition in an array of tweezer-confined $^{171}$Yb atoms to demonstrate nondestructive state-selective and site-selective detection. By applying site-specific light shifts, selected atoms within the array can be hidden from imaging light, which allows a subset of qubits to be measured while causing only percent-level errors on the remaining qubits. As a proof-of-principle demonstration of conditional operations based on the results of the mid-circuit measurements, and of our ability to reuse ancilla qubits, we perform conditional refilling of ancilla sites to correct for occasional atom loss, while maintaining the coherence of data qubits. Looking towards true continuous operation, we demonstrate loading of a magneto-optical trap with a minimal degree of qubit decoherence.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Software Tools for Movement Visualization in Agrarian Sector
Creators: name: Pavlík, J.
name: Vaněk, J.
name: Stočes, M.
name: Pavlík, J.
name: Vaněk, J.
name: Stočes, M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: GIS
subject: Google Maps
subject: movement visualization
subject: geolocation
subject: map services
subject: user groups

description: Development of information and communication technology also led to development in data visualization methods. There are many tools for monitoring of moving objects in agrarian sector, and also many different approaches on how to access and utilize location data. The suitability of given solution depends mostly on user requirements. Every user group has different demands and rights when operating software tools. The main objective of this article is to analyze different user groups and suitability of various GIS (geographic information system) for them. Three different approaches were experimentally evaluated: desktop, server and developer. Possibilities of these GIS solutions were ascertained with the target user group and required functionality in mind. Software was tested using standard movement visualization tasks, such as point location, movement paths, occurrence boundaries, and occurrence heat maps. Data used for the evaluation was procured from a long-term cooperation between Department of Information Technology and Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology.
Path Loss in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Enabled Channels
Creators: name: Ellingson, Steven W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) employs an array of individually-controllable elements to scatter incident signals in a desirable way; for example, to facilitate links between base stations and mobile stations that would otherwise be blocked. A principal consideration in the study of RIS-enabled propagation channels is path loss. This paper presents a simple yet broadly-applicable method for calculating the path loss of a channel consisting of a passive reflectarray-type RIS. This model is then used to characterize path loss as a function of RIS size, link geometry, and the method used to set the element states. Whereas previous work presumes either (1) an array of parameterizable element patterns and spacings (most useful for analysis of specific designs) or (2) a continuous electromagnetic surface (most useful for determining scaling laws and theoretical limits), this work begins with (1) and is then shown to be consistent with (2), making it possible to identify specific practical designs and scenarios that exhibit the performance predicted using (2). This model is used to further elucidate the matter of path loss of the RIS-enabled channel relative to that of the free space direct and specular reflection channels, which is an important consideration in the design of networks employing RIS technology.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. Minor editing to bring up-to-date with conference version
MOESM6 of ExpressionPlot: a web-based framework for analysis of RNA-Seq and microarray gene expression data
Creators: name: Friedman, Brad
name: Maniatis, Tom
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Authorsâ original file for figure 2
Blockchain policy inertia: Where’s the disruption?
Creators: name: Sobey, Aisha
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018

description: Blockchain has been framed as a technology that could alter the shape of the world dramatically in the coming decades, influencing how we act and govern ourselves as a society, as the decentralised nature of Blockchain means that these networks wouldn’t be controlled by one person, group, corporation or government.
High resolution modeling of [CII], [CI], [OIII] and CO line emission from the ISM and CGM of a star forming galaxy at z ~ 6.5
Creators: name: Schimek, Alice
name: Decataldo, Davide
name: Shen, Sijing
name: Cicone, Claudia
name: Baumschlager, Bernhard
name: van Kampen, Eelco
name: Klaassen, Pamela
name: Madau, Piero
name: Di Mascolo, Luca
name: Mayer, Lucio
name: Arroyave, Isabel Montoya
name: Mroczkowski, Tony
name: Warraich, Jessie Harvir Kaur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The circumgalactic medium (CGM) is a crucial component of galaxy evolution, but thus far its physical properties are highly unconstrained. As of yet, no cosmological simulation has reached convergence when it comes to constraining the cold and dense gas fraction of the CGM. Such components are also challenging to observe, and require sub-millimeter instruments with a high sensitivity to extended, diffuse emission, like the proposed Atacama Large Aperture Sub-millimetre telescope (AtLAST). We present a state-of-the-art theoretical effort at modeling the [CII], [CI](1-0), [CI](2-1), CO(3-2), and [OIII] line emissions of galaxies. We use the high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulation Ponos, representing a star forming galaxy system at z = 6.5 ($M_*=2\times10^9~M_{\odot}$), undergoing a major merger. We adopt different modeling approaches based on the photoionisation code Cloudy. Our fiducial model uses radiative transfer post-processing with RamsesRT and Krome to create realistic FUV radiation fields, which we compare to sub-grid modeling approaches adopted in the literature. We find significant differences in the luminosity and in the contribution of different gas phases and galaxy components between the different modeling approaches. [CII] is the least model-dependant gas tracer, while [CI](1-0) and CO(3-2) are very model-sensitive. In all models, we find a significant contribution to the emission of [CII] (up to $\sim$10%) and [OIII] (up to $\sim$20%) from the CGM. [CII] and [OIII] trace different regions of the CGM: [CII] arises from an accreting filament and from tidal tails, while [OIII] traces a puffy halo surrounding the main disc, probably linked to SN feedback. We discuss our results in the context of current and future sub-mm observations with ALMA and AtLAST.
description: Accepted for publication to A&A. 25 pages, 19 figures. Significant changes since version 1. Abstract summarised for arXiv submission
Competitiveness of the EU Beef Sector – a Case Study
Creators: name: Smeets Kristková, Z.
name: García Alvaréz Coque, J. M.
name: Smeets Kristková, Z.
name: García Alvaréz Coque, J. M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Beef and veal
subject: exports
subject: competitiveness
subject: European Union
subject: value chain
subject: Common Agricultural Policy
subject: trade liberalization

description: In this study, the elements of competitiveness of the EU beef sector are assessed using the value chain approach. Consequently, the impact of the external factors represented by domestic policy and foreign trade policy is discussed, with the aim of deriving recommendations for policy makers. It is shown that investing in collaborative supply chains can improve the disadvantaged position of beef producers, which have the least power in the supply chain. Furthermore, the domains of science and innovation provide several opportunities that could be further explored, namely improving the logistics of the supply chain and developing more tailored quality systems. The main threats stem from potential free trade agreements, climate change and the internal competition between other agricultural crops. Better targeting of the CAP and environmental aspects are suggested to maintain the competitiveness of European beef producers.
The Influence of Black Hole Binarity on Tidal Disruption Events
Creators: name: Coughlin, Eric R.
name: Armitage, Philip J.
name: Lodato, Giuseppe
name: Nixon, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mergers are fundamental to the standard paradigm of galaxy evolution, and provide a natural formation mechanism for supermassive black hole binaries. The formation process of such a binary can have a direct impact on the rate at which stars are tidally disrupted by one or the other black hole, and the luminous signature of the tidal disruption itself can have distinct imprints of a binary companion. In this chapter we review our current understanding of the influence of black hole binarity on the properties of tidal disruption events. We discuss the rates of tidal disruption by supermassive black hole binaries, the impact of a second black hole on the fallback of debris and the formation of an accretion flow, and the prospects for detection of tidal disruption events by supermassive black hole binaries.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures. Accepted chapter for Springer Space Science Reviews book on tidal disruption events
Dynamic phase transitions in diffusion-limited reactions
Creators: name: Tauber, Uwe C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many non-equilibrium systems display dynamic phase transitions from active to absorbing states, where fluctuations cease entirely. Based on a field theory representation of the master equation, the critical behavior can be analyzed by means of the renormalization group. The resulting universality classes for single-species systems are reviewed here. Generically, the critical exponents are those of directed percolation (Reggeon field theory), with critical dimension d_c = 4. Yet local particle number parity conservation in even-offspring branching and annihilating random walks implies an inactive phase (emerging below d_c' = 4/3) that is characterized by the power laws of the pair annihilation reaction, and leads to different critical exponents at the transition. For local processes without memory, the pair contact process with diffusion represents the only other non-trivial universality class. The consistent treatment of restricted site occupations and quenched random reaction rates are important open issues.
description: 9 pages, latex; talk presented at RG02; Proc. to appear in Acta Physica Slovaca (style files included)
Additional file 1 of An optimized sporulation method for the wheat fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis
Creators: name: Jacques, Silke
name: Lenzo, Leon
name: Stevens, Kofi
name: Lawrence, Julie
name: Tan, Kar-Chun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Collection sites of seven Australian Ptr isolates from the field. Each collection site is depicted as a grain pictogram with the different colours representing isolates from different states. The exception is Western Australia, where the three blue Ptr strains were isolated from wheat whilst the yellow site represents a Ptr strain isolated from barley. All other Ptr strains were isolated from wheat. This figure was created using Map Data © 2021 Google. Table S1. Growth conditions tested for conidia production in Ptr. Table S2. All harvesting parameters tested for purity and concentration in Ptr Optimal values are underlined.
A Look at the Attrition of Women in STEM
Creators: name: Sharma, Sumana
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2017

description: The underrepresentation of women in leadership positions in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) is usually attributed to the ‘leaky pipeline phenomenon’, according to which an increasing proportion of women leave their occupational fields at each stage along their career paths. This attrition is most pronounced for the academic biological sciences, in which the most significant attrition occurs at the postgraduate-to-group leader transition. To illustrate: in the UK in 2014/15, 66% of bioscience postgraduate students, but only 18% of professors, were female. A huge gender difference in leadership positions is evident across all STEM fields: overall, 82% of all professors are men, as of 2014. This attrition of women in the STEM workforce raises questions over specific barriers faced by women in this field for career advancement. These barriers can be multi-faceted; thus, accurately identifying the main barriers and designing policies to address them will be essential to resolving gender disparity in the field of STEM.
Additional file 1 of Analyzing German consumers’ willingness to pay for green electricity tariff attributes: a discrete choice experiment
Creators: name: Danne, M.
name: S. Meier-Sauthoff
name: O. Musshoff
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Appendix S1. The discrete choice experiment (DCE). Appendix S2. Development of the willingness to pay (WTP) in WTP space. Appendix S3: Table S1. Descriptive statistics of the sample. Appendix S4. STATA code for the estimated generalized multinomial logit model in WTP space.
Effects of quintessence on observations of Type Ia SuperNovae in the clumpy Universe
Creators: name: Sereno, M.
name: Piedipalumbo, E.
name: Sazhin, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the amplification dispersion in the observed luminosity of standard candles, like supernovae (SNe) of type Ia, induced by gravitational lensing in a Universe with dark energy (quintessence). We derive the main features of the magnification probability distribution function (pdf) of SNe in the framework of on average Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) models for both lensing by large-scale structures and compact objects. The magnification pdf is strongly dependent on the equation of state, $w_Q$, of the quintessence. The dispersion increases with the redshift of the source and is maximum for dark energy with very large negative pressure; the effects of gravitational lensing on the magnification pdf, i.e. the mode biased towards de-amplified values and the long tail towards large magnifications, are reduced for both microscopic DM and quintessence with an intermediate $w_Q$. Different equations of state of the dark energy can deeply change the dispersion in amplification for the projected observed samples of SNe Ia by future space-born missions. The "noise" in the Hubble diagram due to gravitational lensing strongly affects the determination of the cosmological parameters from SNe data. The errors on the pressureless matter density parameter, $Ω_M$, and on $w_Q$ are maximum for quintessence with not very negative pressure. The effect of the gravitational lensing is of the same order of the other systematics affecting observations of SNe Ia. Due to the lensing by large-scale structures, in a flat Universe with $Ω_M =0.4$, at $z=1$ a cosmological constant ($w_Q=-1$) can be interpreted as dark energy with $w_Q
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
MOESM7 of ExpressionPlot: a web-based framework for analysis of RNA-Seq and microarray gene expression data
Creators: name: Friedman, Brad
name: Maniatis, Tom
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Authorsâ original file for figure 3
Significant Reduction of the Microwave Surface Resistance of MgB2 Films by Surface Ion Milling
Creators: name: Lee, Sang Young
name: Lee, J. H.
name: Lee, Jung Hun
name: Ryu, J. S.
name: Lim, J.
name: Moon, S. H.
name: Lee, H. N.
name: Kim, H. G.
name: Oh, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The microwave surface resistance Rs of MgB2 films with the zero-resistance temperature of - 39 K was measured at 8.0 - 8.5 GHz. The MgB2 films were prepared by deposition of boron films on c-cut sapphire, followed by annealing in a vaporized magnesium environment. The Rs appeared significantly reduced by ion milling of the as-grown MgB2 film surface, with the observed Rs of ~ 0.8 mohm at 24 K for an ion-milled MgB2 film as small as 1/15 of the value for the corresponding as-grown MgB2 film. The reduced Rs of the ion-milled MgB2 films is attributed to the effects of the Mg-rich metallic layer existing at the surfaces of the as-grown MgB2 films.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures
Anomalous Aharonov-Bohm Interference in the Presence of Edge Reconstruction
Creators: name: Biswas, Sourav
name: Kundu, Hemanta Kumar
name: Bhattacharyya, Rajarshi
name: Umansky, Vladimir
name: Heiblum, Moty
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interferometry is a vital tool for studying fundamental features in the quantum Hall effect (QHE). For instance, Aharonov-Bohm (AB) interference in a quantum Hall interferometer can probe the wave-particle duality of electrons and quasiparticles. Here, we report an unusual AB interference in a quantum Hall Fabry-Pérot interferometer (FPI), whose Coulomb interactions were suppressed with a grounded drain in the interior bulk of the FPI. In a descending filling factor from $ν=3$ to $ν\approx5/3$, the magnetic field periodicity, which corresponded to a single 'flux quantum,' agreed accurately with the enclosed area of the FPI. However, in the filling range, $ν\approx5/3$ to $ν=1$, the field periodicity increased markedly, apriori suggesting a drastic shrinkage of the AB area. Moreover, the modulation gate voltage periodicity decreased abruptly at this range. We attribute these unexpected observations to a ubiquitous edge reconstruction, leading to dynamical area changing with the field and a modified modulation gate-edge capacitance. These results are reproducible and support future interference experiments with a QHE-FPI.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures, Supplementary Information
Public Support of Agricultural Risk Management – Situation and Prospects
Creators: name: Vilhelm, V.
name: Špička, J.
name: Valder, A.
name: Vilhelm, V.
name: Špička, J.
name: Valder, A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Agricultural insurance
subject: public support
subject: mutual funds
subject: income stabilization

description: The aim of the article is to evaluate the development of risk management support in agriculture in the Czech Republic in the period 2001 – 2013. The article also tries to outline some possibilities for the future risk management scheme in the Czech Republic. Data provided by the Support and Guarantee Agricultural and Forestry Fund (PGRLF) and the Czech Insurance Association (ČAP) was described using descriptive statistical methods (mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation). The data sources for international comparison come from secondary sources made by the research centres for European Commission. Authors identify that risk management support in the Czech Republic after 2014 will not use EU funds from the Rural Development Programme. It will depend on national financial sources, either in the form of direct support (premium subsidies, ad hoc aids) or indirect support of prevention (disease fund, recovery fund). In order to eliminate unexpected need for ad hoc aid, it is highly desirable to establish and continuously contribute a fund for covering catastrophic risks which cannot be managed by farmers or insurance companies. Such fund should be eligible only for those applicants who continuously take risk management measures.
Tuning atom-field interaction via phase shaping
Creators: name: Cheng, Y. -T.
name: Chien, C. -H.
name: Hsieh, K. -M.
name: Huang, Y. -H.
name: Wen, P. Y.
name: Lin, W. -J.
name: Lu, Y.
name: Aziz, F.
name: Lee, C. -P.
name: Lin, K. -T.
name: Chen, C. -Y.
name: Chen, J. C.
name: Chuu, C. -S.
name: Kockum, A. F.
name: Lin, G. -D.
name: Lin, Y. -H.
name: Hoi, I. -C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A coherent electromagnetic field can be described by its amplitude, frequency, and phase. All these properties can influence the interaction between the field and an atom. Here we demonstrate the phase shaping of microwaves that are scattered by a superconducting artificial atom coupled to the end of a semi-infinite 1D transmission line. In particular, we input a weak exponentially rising pulse with phase modulation to a transmon qubit. We observe that field-atom interaction can be tuned from nearly full interaction (interaction efficiency, i.e., amount of the field energy interacting with the atom, of 94.5%) to effectively no interaction (interaction efficiency 3.5%).
Data Governance in the Genomics Era
Creators: name: Lawrence, Emma
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018

description: In recent years, the volume of data generated from all aspects of our lives has been increasing, in parallel with the sophistication of analytical techniques used to process this data. This shift toward a ‘data-driven’ society has the potential to yield insights that can benefit many sectors of public life, but it has also prompted concerns related to privacy. A recent report by the Royal Society on data management and use is a recognition that the fast pace of all areas of data growth requires careful consideration.
title: Lettre à René de Ceccati
Creators: name: Leibowitch, Jacques
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Source: http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/ms/Calames-20193111134069913
Quantum State Reduction: Generalized Bipartitions from Algebras of Observables
Creators: name: Kabernik, Oleg
name: Pollack, Jason
name: Singh, Ashmeet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reduced density matrices are a powerful tool in the analysis of entanglement structure, approximate or coarse-grained dynamics, decoherence, and the emergence of classicality. It is straightforward to produce a reduced density matrix with the partial-trace map by ``tracing out'' part of the quantum state, but in many natural situations this reduction may not be achievable. We investigate the general problem of identifying how the quantum state reduces given a restriction on the observables. For example, in an experimental setting, the set of observables that can actually be measured is usually modest (compared to the set of all possible observables) and their resolution is limited. In such situations, the appropriate state-reduction map can be defined via a generalized bipartition, which is associated with the structure of irreducible representations of the algebra generated by the restricted set of observables. One of our main technical results is a general, not inherently numeric, algorithm for finding irreducible representations of matrix algebras. We demonstrate the viability of this approach with two examples of limited--resolution observables. The definition of quantum state reductions can also be extended beyond algebras of observables. To accomplish this task we introduce a more flexible notion of bipartition, the partial bipartition, which describes coarse-grainings preserving information about a limited set (not necessarily algebra) of observables. We describe a variational method to choose the coarse-grainings most compatible with a specified Hamiltonian, which exhibit emergent classicality in the reduced state space. We apply this construction to the concrete example of the 1-D Ising model. Our results have relevance for quantum information, bulk reconstruction in holography, and quantum gravity.
description: 78 pages, 10 figures, comments welcome
Quantum Interference between Impurities: Creating Novel Many-Body States in s-wave Superconductors
Creators: name: Morr, Dirk K.
name: Stavropoulos, Nikolaos A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that quantum interference of electronic waves that are scattered by multiple magnetic impurities in an s-wave superconductor gives rise to novel bound states. We predict that by varying the inter-impurity distance or the relative angle between the impurity spins, the states' quantum numbers, as well as their distinct frequency and spatial dependencies, can be altered. Finally, we show that the superconductor can be driven through multiple local crossovers in which its spin polarization, $$, changes between $=0, 1/2$ and 1.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Development of Lead-free Halide Perovskite-based Materials for Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CH4
Creators: name: Lee, Jiale
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 340606
subject: Photochemistry
classificationCode: 340601
subject: Catalysis and mechanisms of reactions
classificationCode: 401807
subject: Nanomaterials

description: This thesis explores the development of lead-free halide perovskites for converting carbon dioxide (CO2) into usable energy. The research focuses on improving photocatalytic performance using various strategies such as mixed halide formation, trivalent metal incorporation, heterojunction engineering, and photosensitiser immobilisation. The results show enhanced CO2 conversion to methane (CH4) under visible and near-infrared light. These findings present a potential solution to reduce atmospheric CO2 levels and offer sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. The study provides valuable insights into clean energy technologies, which could help mitigate climate change.
A nuclear physicist on the lattice
Creators: name: Simula, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear and lattice physicists share several topics of common interest, like hadronic masses, electroweak form factors and structure functions of hadrons. The main physics issues that a new collaboration between a nuclear physicist and the lattice group of the SPQcdR collaboration is going to address, are summarized and preliminary results obtained for meson and baryon masses are presented. The importance of adopting non-perturbative approaches based on the fundamental theory of the strong interaction, like lattice formulations of QCD, is stressed.
description: Proc. of the IX Italian Workshop on Problems in Theoretical Nuclear Phsyics, Cortona (Italy), October 9-12, 2002
Competition Impacts of Energy Tariff Options: There and Back Again
Creators: name: Monroe, Paul
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2017

description: Ensuring sufficient competition in the energy market is a key role of the regulator. One of the most popular measures for measuring competition has been in the analysis of customers switching between tariff plans. Unfortunately, switching rates are comparatively low and the market remains dominated (85%) by the six largest energy companies. Many regulatory interventions have been made, but one of the most significant was a cap on the total number of tariff plans on offer by suppliers. Earlier in 2016, this decision was reversed and the cap was eliminated. The primary reasoning was that the cap now inhibited competition because, alongside other measures, it prevented the creation of innovative offerings, like reward plans paired with other services, discounted “smart home” packages, and more. The broad question looming over this decision is whether the cap removal will promote innovation or simply represent at return to the previous state of affairs. Furthermore, the implications for vulnerable customers – who benefit greatly from regular switching but may be dissuaded from doing so in this scenario – require exploration. This paper will detail the potential effects of this policy intervention in depth.
On the Road to 2025: The Global Dementia Deadline
Creators: name: Lindstedt, Philip
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2017

description: With the increasing life expectancy of the global population age-associated diseases stand to become the greatest plague of the 21st century. Indeed, in the U.K. dementia has recently overtaken heart disease as the leading cause of death. While not through a lack of effort, the development of effective therapies for dementias, especially Alzheimer’s disease, the most prevalent form, has been woefully unsuccessful. Policy makers around the globe have settled on a deadline of 2025 for a single effective therapy against Alzheimer’s in order to mitigate the potentially immense cost of the care burden. Although some candidates appear promising, recent high-profile failures showcase the difficult path towards 2025, casting doubt on the possibility for researchers to meet their deadline in the current policy paradigm.
Insect Pollinators and Policy
Creators: name: Cullen, Erin
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2017

description: Pollination is the process of pollen being transferred to the female reproductive organs of a plant and fertilisation taking place. Pollinators (which include honeybees) are vital to the process of pollination in flowering plants. Therefore pollinators provide vital ecosystem services which include food production as well as being important for biodiversity and conservation. With the need for food production to increase, now is an important time for pollinator security. However, their numbers are in decline. This piece will consider the legislation in place to protect pollinators both at a UK and international level, and examine the evidence collected by scientists to determine its efficacy. Although government commitment to biodiversity is strong in the UK, patchy legislation means that this commitment may not translate into protection for pollinators.
Fermionic neural-network states for ab-initio electronic structure
Creators: name: Choo, Kenny
name: Mezzacapo, Antonio
name: Carleo, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neural-network quantum states have been successfully used to study a variety of lattice and continuous-space problems. Despite a great deal of general methodological developments, representing fermionic matter is however still early research activity. Here we present an extension of neural-network quantum states to model interacting fermionic problems. Borrowing techniques from quantum simulation, we directly map fermionic degrees of freedom to spin ones, and then use neural-network quantum states to perform electronic structure calculations. For several diatomic molecules in a minimal basis set, we benchmark our approach against widely used coupled cluster methods, as well as many-body variational states. On the test molecules, we recover almost the entirety of the correlation energy. We systematically improve upon coupled cluster methods and Jastrow wave functions, reaching levels of chemical accuracy or better. Finally, we discuss routes for future developments and improvements of the methods presented.
Empowering through Light: Women and Solar Home Systems in Rural Bihar, India
Creators: name: Chandna, Shivi
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2017

description: In rural India, women in poor households spend a large part of their day performing basic tasks such as collecting fuel wood or kerosene, which keeps them away from employment or education opportunities and makes their lives more difficult. Access to electricity is therefore increasingly regarded as a means to improve their status in society. Although a large number of small-scale and community-based off-grid renewable energy projects are in place to provide access to electricity with a women-centric approach, research on the benefits to women has been largely anecdotal. A review of the evidence for the impact of rural electrification on women’s lives concluded that electricity access has a positive effect on women’s practical needs by reducing drudgery and providing better health, time-savings and income generation.
CLINICOPATHOLOGIC STUDY OF NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOURS OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Creators: name: Dr. Roopak Aggarwal
name: Dr. Anubhav Gautam
name: Dr. Sanjay Kumar Kannaujia
name: Dr. Pinki Pandey
name: Dr. Chitra Chauhan
name: Dr. Soha Akhtar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs); gastrointestinal tract (GIT); grade; Ki67.

description: Abstract

Background: The neuroendocrine tumours (NETs)have a characteristic histologic appearance unrelated of the exact site of origin. However, the behaviour of these tumours are different in each of these sites. In this article we study the clinicopathological features of Gastrointestinal tract (GIT). These tumours were classified and graded according to WHO 2010 criteria. The immunohistochemical (IHC) features were evaluated and the grade of the tumour was correlated with Ki67. Methods: A total of 11 cases of diagnosed on biopsies as well as resected specimens were analysed from January 2019 to June 2023 at department of pathology, UPUMS, Saifai. It was a retrospective study included all cases of NETs of GIT with or without nodal metastasis. Results: Most of the tumours were well differentiated NETs (81.8% G1 and 18.2% G2). Ilium (36.3% was the most common site followed by duodenum (18.2%) and appendix (18.2%). Regional lymph node involvement was present in 18.2% of cases. On IHC synaptophysin, chromogranin-A and neuron specific enolase were positive in 100%, 81.2%% and 90.9% respectively. Ki-67/MIB-1 index was used to grade the neuroendocrine neoplasm and 81.2 % were graded as G1 NETs and 18.2 % as G2 NETs. Conclusions: The most common site was small intestine followed by stomach and appendix. Majority of the tumours were NET G1. On IHC SYP, CgA and NSE were positive 100%, 81.2%% and 90.9% of cases. Ki67 was helpful in grading these tumours.
A GdBCO bulk staggered array undulator
Creators: name: Calvi, M
name: Ainslie, M D
name: Dennis, A
name: Durrell, J H
name: Hellmann, S
name: Kittel, C
name: Moseley, D A
name: Schmidt, T
name: Shi, Y
name: Zhang, K
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Paper
Focus on Processing and Application of Superconducting Bulk Materials 2019
FELs
synchrotron light source
insertion devices
HTS

description: Abstract: The Insertion Device group of the Paul Scherrer Institute has started an R&D program on a high temperature superconducting undulator to reduce the period length and increase the undulator's magnetic field well beyond the present capability. Simulation results for a 10 mm period and 4 mm magnetic gap staggered array of GdBCO bulks predict peak magnetic field above 2 T. Building on the existing working principle of undulator design and simulated performance, the first experimental results of a 5 period 6.0 mm gap short undulator measured in the new test facility available at the University of Cambridge will be presented together with details of the experimental setup and sample preparation.