cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Pre-launch estimates for GLAST sensitivity to Dark Matter annihilation signals
Creators: name: Baltz, E. A.
name: Berenji, B.
name: Bertone, G.
name: Bergstrom, L.
name: Bloom, E.
name: Bringmann, T.
name: Chiang, J.
name: Cohen-Tanugi, J.
name: Conrad, J.
name: Edmonds, Y.
name: Edsjo, J.
name: Godfrey, G.
name: Hughes, R. E.
name: Johnson, R. P.
name: Lionetto, A.
name: Moiseev, A. A.
name: Morselli, A.
name: Moskalenko, I. V.
name: Nuss, E.
name: Ormes, J. F.
name: Rando, R.
name: Sander, A. J.
name: Sellerholm, A.
name: Smith, P. D.
name: Strong, A. W.
name: Wai, L.
name: Wang, P.
name: Winer, B. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the sensitivity of the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) to indirectly detect weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) through the $γ$-ray signal that their pair annihilation produces. WIMPs are among the favorite candidates to explain the compelling evidence that about 80% of the mass in the Universe is non-baryonic dark matter (DM). They are serendipitously motivated by various extensions of the standard model of particle physics such as Supersymmetry and Universal Extra Dimensions (UED). With its unprecedented sensitivity and its very large energy range (20 MeV to more than 300 GeV) the main instrument on board the GLAST satellite, the Large Area Telescope (LAT), will open a new window of discovery. As our estimates show, the LAT will be able to detect an indirect DM signature for a large class of WIMP models given a cuspy profile for the DM distribution. Using the current state of the art Monte Carlo and event reconstruction software developed within the LAT collaboration, we present preliminary sensitivity studies for several possible sources inside and outside the Galaxy. We also discuss the potential of the LAT to detect UED via the electron/positron channel. Diffuse background modeling and other background issues that will be important in setting limits or seeing a signal are presented.
description: 49 pages, 29 figures, JCAP in press
Admissible predictive density estimation
Creators: name: Brown, Lawrence D.
name: George, Edward I.
name: Xu, Xinyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62C15 (Primary) 62C07, 62C10, 62C20 (Secondary)

description: Let $X|μ\sim N_p(μ,v_xI)$ and $Y|μ\sim N_p(μ,v_yI)$ be independent $p$-dimensional multivariate normal vectors with common unknown mean $μ$. Based on observing $X=x$, we consider the problem of estimating the true predictive density $p(y|μ)$ of $Y$ under expected Kullback--Leibler loss. Our focus here is the characterization of admissible procedures for this problem. We show that the class of all generalized Bayes rules is a complete class, and that the easily interpretable conditions of Brown and Hwang [Statistical Decision Theory and Related Topics (1982) III 205--230] are sufficient for a formal Bayes rule to be admissible.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AOS506 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Abdominal synthetic CT reconstruction with intensity projection prior for MRI-only adaptive radiotherapy
Creators: name: Olberg, Sven
name: Chun, Jaehee
name: Choi, Byong Su
name: Park, Inkyung
name: Kim, Hyun
name: Kim, Taeho
name: Kim, Jin Sung
name: Green, Olga
name: Park, Justin C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An MRI-only adaptive radiotherapy (ART) workflow is desirable for managing interfractional changes in anatomy, but producing synthetic CT (sCT) data through paired data-driven deep learning (DL) for abdominal dose calculations remains a challenge due to the highly variable presence of intestinal gas. We present the preliminary dosimetric evaluation of our novel approach to sCT reconstruction that is well suited to handling intestinal gas in abdominal MRI-only ART. We utilize a paired data DL approach enabled by the intensity projection prior, in which well-matching training pairs are created by propagating air from MRI to corresponding CT scans. Evaluations focus on two classes: patients with (1) little involvement of intestinal gas, and (2) notable differences in intestinal gas presence between corresponding scans. Comparisons between sCT-based plans and CT-based clinical plans for both classes are made at the first treatment fraction to highlight the dosimetric impact of the variable presence of intestinal gas. Class 1 patients ($n=13$) demonstrate differences in prescribed dose coverage of the PTV of $1.3 \pm 2.1\%$ between clinical plans and sCT-based plans. Mean DVH differences in all structures for Class 1 patients are found to be statistically insignificant. In Class 2 ($n=20$), target coverage is $13.3 \pm 11.0\%$ higher in the clinical plans and mean DVH differences are found to be statistically significant. Significant deviations in calculated doses arising from the variable presence of intestinal gas in corresponding CT and MRI scans may limit the effectiveness of adaptive dose escalation efforts. We have proposed a paired data-driven DL approach to sCT reconstruction for accurate dose calculations in abdominal ART enabled by the creation of a clinically unavailable training data set with well-matching representations of intestinal gas.
Solid liquid phase changes with different densities
Creators: name: Fremond, Michel
name: Rocca, Elisabetta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present a new thermodynamically consistent phase transition model describing the evolution of a liquid substance, e.g., water, in a rigid container $Ω$ when we freeze the container. Since the density $\varrho_{2}$ of ice with volume fraction $β_{2}$, is lower than the density $\varrho_{1}$ of water with volume fraction $β_{1}$, experiments - for instance the freezing of a glass bottle filled with water - show that the water pressure increases up to the rupture of the bottle. When the container is not impermeable, freezing may produce a non-homogeneous material, for instance water ice or sorbet. Here we describe a general class of phase transition processes including this example as particular case. Moreover, we study the resulting nonlinear and singular PDE system from the analytical viewpoint recovering existence of a global (in time) weak solution and also uniqueness for some particular choices of the nonlinear functions involved.
Happy endings for flip graphs
Creators: name: Eppstein, David
Publisher: name: Journal of Computational Geometry
Year: 2010

description: We show that the triangulations of a finite point set form a flip graph that can be embedded isometrically into a hypercube, if and only if the point set has no empty convex pentagon. Point sets with no empty pentagon include intersections of lattices with convex sets, points on two lines, and several other infinite families. As a consequence, flip distance in such point sets can be computed efficiently.
description: Journal of Computational Geometry, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2010)
Simulating Photometric Images of Moving Targets with Photon-mapping
Creators: name: Du, Junju
name: Hu, Shaoming
name: Chen, Xu
name: Cao, Hai
name: Jiang, Yuchen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel, easy-to-use method based on the photon-mapping technique to simulate photometric images of moving targets. Realistic images can be created in two passes: photon tracing and image rendering. The nature of light sources, tracking mode of the telescope, point spread function (PSF), and specifications of the CCD are taken into account in the imaging process. Photometric images in a variety of observation scenarios can be generated flexibly. We compared the simulated images with the observed ones. The residuals between them are negligible, and the correlation coefficients between them are high, with a median of $0.9379_{-0.0201}^{+0.0125}$ for 1020 pairs of images, which means a high fidelity and similarity. The method is versatile and can be used to plan future photometry of moving targets, interpret existing observations, and provide test images for image processing algorithms.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures
Interconnected Power System Response to Generation Governing: Present Practice and Outstanding Concerns
Creators: Task Force on Large Interconnected Power Systems Response to Generation Governing
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2007

1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Scope of Work This report, prepared by the IEEE Task Force on Large Interconnected Power System Response to Generation Governing (the TF), completes Task 1 and 2 of the TF Scope. The TF scope was as follows: Scope: The Task Force (TF) will complete two tasks: 1. Review and document the present practices for generating unit speed/load controls and the resulting governing (or primary frequency control) of power systems, including recommendations for modeling within large interconnections. 2. Consider and document recommendations for appropriate follow-on activities in the evolving electric utility re-structuring environment. The TF coordinated its activities with other industry bodies, including those of IEEE, CIGRE [1], and NERC.
1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Scope of Work This report, prepared by the IEEE Task Force on Large Interconnected Power System Response to Generation Governing (the TF), completes Task 1 and 2 of the TF Scope. The TF scope was as follows: Scope: The Task Force (TF) will complete two tasks: 1. Review and document the present practices for generating unit speed/load controls and the resulting governing (or primary frequency control) of power systems, including recommendations for modeling within large interconnections. 2. Consider and document recommendations for appropriate follow-on activities in the evolving electric utility re-structuring environment. The TF coordinated its activities with other industry bodies, including those of IEEE, CIGRE [1], and NERC.
Asymmetry in repeated isotropic rotations
Creators: name: Schröder, Malte
name: Timme, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Random operators constitute fundamental building blocks of models of complex systems yet are far from fully understood. Here, we explain an asymmetry emerging upon repeating identical isotropic (uniformly random) operations. Specifically, in two dimensions, repeating an isotropic rotation twice maps a given point on the two-dimensional unit sphere (the unit circle) uniformly at random to any point on the unit sphere, reflecting a statistical symmetry as expected. In contrast, in three and higher dimensions, a point is mapped more often closer to the original point than a uniform distribution predicts. Curiously, in the limit of the dimension $d \rightarrow \infty$, a symmetric distribution is approached again. We intuitively explain the emergence of this asymmetry and why it disappears in higher dimensions by disentangling isotropic rotations into a sequence of partial actions. The asymmetry emerges in two qualitatively different forms and for a wide range of general random operations relevant in complex systems modeling, including repeated continuous and discrete rotations, roto-reflections and general orthogonal transformations
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
title: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization, External Reviewers
Creators: name: Kärkkäinen, Juha
name: Radoszewski, Jakub
name: Rytter, Wojciech
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Front Matter
subject: Table of Contents
subject: Preface
subject: Conference Organization
subject: External Reviewers

description: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization, External Reviewers
description: LIPIcs, Vol. 78, 28th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2017), pages 0:i-0:xvi
Three little paradoxes: making sense of semiclassical gravity
Creators: name: Großardt, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review the arguments most often raised against a fundamental coupling of classical spacetime to quantum matter. I show that an experiment by Page and Geilker does not exclude such a semiclassical theory but mandates an inclusion of an objective mechanism for wave function collapse. In this regard, I present a classification of semiclassical models defined by the way in which the wave function collapse is introduced. Two related types of paradoxes that have been discussed in the context of the necessity to quantize the gravitational field can be shown to not constrain the possibility of a semiclassical coupling. A third paradox, the possibility to signal faster than light via semiclassical gravity, is demonstrably avoided if certain conditions are met by the associated wave function collapse mechanism. In conclusion, all currently discussed models of semiclassical gravity can be made consistent with observation. Their internal theoretical consistency remains an open question.
description: Invited contribution to the AVS Quantum Science special collection "Celebrating Sir Roger Penrose's Nobel Prize"
Power Analysis R markdown from Does a complex life cycle affect adaptation to environmental change? Genome-informed insights for characterizing selection across complex life cycle
Creators: name: Albecker, Molly A.
name: Wilkins, Laetitia G. E.
name: Krueger-Hadfield, Stacy A.
name: Bashevkin, Samuel M.
name: Hahn, Matthew W.
name: Hare, Matthew P.
name: Kindsvater, Holly K.
name: Sewell, Mary A.
name: Lotterhos, Katie E.
name: Reitzel, Adam M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Demonstration of power analysis and associated R code.
Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) XI: CN and HCN as Tracers of Photochemistry in Disks
Creators: name: Bergner, Jennifer B.
name: Oberg, Karin I.
name: Guzman, Viviana V.
name: Law, Charles J.
name: Loomis, Ryan A.
name: Cataldi, Gianni
name: Bosman, Arthur D.
name: Aikawa, Yuri
name: Andrews, Sean M.
name: Bergin, Edwin A.
name: Booth, Alice S.
name: Cleeves, L. Ilsedore
name: Czekala, Ian
name: Huang, Jane
name: Ilee, John D.
name: Gal, Romane Le
name: Long, Feng
name: Nomura, Hideko
name: Menard, Francois
name: Qi, Chunhua
name: Schwarz, Kamber R.
name: Teague, Richard
name: Tsukagoshi, Takashi
name: Walsh, Catherine
name: Wilner, David J.
name: Yamato, Yoshihide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: UV photochemistry in the surface layers of protoplanetary disks dramatically alters their composition relative to previous stages of star formation. The abundance ratio CN/HCN has long been proposed to trace the UV field in various astrophysical objects, however to date the relationship between CN, HCN, and the UV field in disks remains ambiguous. As part of the ALMA Large Program MAPS (Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales), we present observations of CN N=1-0 transitions at 0.3'' resolution towards five disk systems. All disks show bright CN emission within $\sim$50-150 au, along with a diffuse emission shelf extending up to 600 au. In all sources we find that the CN/HCN column density ratio increases with disk radius from about unity to 100, likely tracing increased UV penetration that enhances selective HCN photodissociation in the outer disk. Additionally, multiple millimeter dust gaps and rings coincide with peaks and troughs, respectively, in the CN/HCN ratio, implying that some millimeter substructures are accompanied by changes to the UV penetration in more elevated disk layers. That the CN/HCN ratio is generally high (>1) points to a robust photochemistry shaping disk chemical compositions, and also means that CN is the dominant carrier of the prebiotically interesting nitrile group at most disk radii. We also find that the local column densities of CN and HCN are positively correlated despite emitting from vertically stratified disk regions, indicating that different disk layers are chemically linked. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.
Microwave absorption by ortho pairs in solid hydrogen
Creators: name: Statt, Bryan Wayne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The microwave absorption spectra of ortho pairs in low ortho concentration samples of solid hydrogen is studied theoretically and experimentally. A theory is developed for several line broadening mechanisms and a comparison made with experiment. Phonon induced lifetime effects are calculated to be less than 2 MHz in the temperature range T=1.2-4.2 K but have not yet been observed experimentally. Inhomogeneous broadening due to isolated ortho molecules and to isotopic mass defect impurities is observed and found to be consistent with theory. Several new lines in the out-of-plane pair configuration are reported which confirm the assignments made previously, whereas two new lines in the next nearest neighbor configuration support a reassignment of these transitions. Also, three excited state transitions which fix the position of the 10 P level are reported and compared with the theoretical predictions of Harris et al. (1977) and Luryi and Van Kranendonk (1979).
Supplemental Materials from Does a complex life cycle affect adaptation to environmental change? Genome-informed insights for characterizing selection across complex life cycle
Creators: name: Albecker, Molly A.
name: Wilkins, Laetitia G. E.
name: Krueger-Hadfield, Stacy A.
name: Bashevkin, Samuel M.
name: Hahn, Matthew W.
name: Hare, Matthew P.
name: Kindsvater, Holly K.
name: Sewell, Mary A.
name: Lotterhos, Katie E.
name: Reitzel, Adam M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Compilation of all supplemental materials and tables.
A sharp look at the gravitationally lensed quasar SDSS J0806+2006 with Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics
Creators: name: Sluse, D.
name: Courbin, F.
name: Eigenbrod, A.
name: Meylan, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first VLT near-IR observations of a gravitationally lensed quasar, using adaptive optics and laser guide star. These observations can be considered as a test bench for future systematic observations of lensed quasars with adaptive optics, even when bright natural guide stars are not available in the nearby field. With only 14 minutes of observing time, we derived very accurate astrometry of the quasar images and of the lensing galaxy, with 0.05 \arcsec spatial resolution, comparable to the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). In combination with deep VLT optical spectra of the quasar images, we use our adaptive optics images to constrain simple models for the mass distribution of the lensing galaxy. The latter is almost circular and does not need any strong external shear to fit the data. The time delay predicted for SDSS0806+2006, assuming a singular isothermal ellipsoid model and the concordance cosmology, is Delta t \simeq 50 days. Our optical spectra indicate a flux ratio between the quasar images of A/B=1.3 in the continuum and A/B=2.2 in both the MgII and in the CIII] broad emission lines. This suggests that microlensing affects the continuum emission. However, the constant ratio between the two emission lines indicates that the broad emission line region is not microlensed. Finally, we see no evidence of reddening by dust in the lensing galaxy.
description: 4 pages, Published in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Discussion slightly expanded with respect to v1. Typos corrected
Presenting the cohomology of a Schubert variety
Creators: name: Reiner, Victor
name: Woo, Alexander
name: Yong, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M15, 14N15

description: We extend the short presentation due to [Borel '53] of the cohomology ring of a generalized flag manifold to a relatively short presentation of the cohomology of any of its Schubert varieties. Our result is stated in a root-system uniform manner by introducing the essential set of a Coxeter group element, generalizing and giving a new characterization of [Fulton '92]'s definition for permutations. Further refinements are obtained in type A.
description: 22 pages
The Glass Transition and the Jarzynski Equality
Creators: name: Williams, Stephen R.
name: Searles, Debra J.
name: Evans, Denis J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple model featuring a double well potential is used to represent a liquid that is quenched from an ergodic state into a history dependent glassy state. Issues surrounding the application of the Jarzynski Equality to glass formation are investigated. We demonstrate that the Jarzynski Equality gives the free energy difference between the initial state and the state we would obtain if the glass relaxed to true thermodynamic equilibrium. We derive new variations of the Jarzynski Equality which are relevant to the history dependent glassy state rather than the underlying equilibrium state. It is shown how to compute the free energy differences for the nonequilibrium history dependent glassy state such that it remains consistent with the standard expression for the entropy and with the second law inequality.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Curvature Spectra and Nongaussianities in the Roulette Inflation Model
Creators: name: Vincent, Aaron C.
name: Cline, James M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the gradient expansion method of Rigopoulos, Shellard and van Tent which treats cosmological perturbations as gradients on top of a homogeneous and isotropic FRW background, we study the production of nongaussianities in the roulette model of inflation. Investigating a number of trajectories within this two-field model of inflation, we find that while the superhorizon influence of the isocurvature modes on the curvature bispectrum produces nonzero contribution to f_NL, the effect is negligible next to the standard inflationary prediction |f_NL| ~ n_s - 1. This is the case in both the squeezed and equilateral configurations of the bispectrum, although the former is slightly larger in the trajectories under consideration.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, 1 appendix; Added references, slightly extended section 2
The Quantum Confinement Effect on the Spectrum of Near-Field Thermal Radiation by Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Zare, Saman
name: Edalatpour, Sheila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum confinement effect on the spectrum of near-field thermal radiation by periodic and random arrays of quantum dots (QDs) is investigated. The local density of states (LDOS) thermally emitted by QD arrays made of three lead chalcogenides, namely, lead sulfide, lead selenide, and lead telluride, is computed at a near-field distance from the arrays. The dielectric function of the QDs is extracted from their absorption spectra by utilizing an optimization technique. The thermal discrete dipole approximation is used for computing the LDOS. It is shown that the peak wavenumber of near-field LDOS emitted by periodic arrays of lead chalcogenide QDs can be significantly modulated (up to 4490 cm-1) by varying the size of the dots. The LDOS is proportional to the imaginary part of the QDs' polarizability which peaks at the bandgap energy of the QDs. The bandgap energy of the QDs (and thus the LDOS peak) is significantly affected by the quantum confinement effect which is size-dependent. While the magnitude of thermal radiation by random arrays of QDs can be different from the periodic arrays with the same filling factor by up to 26%, the LDOS spectrum and peak location are the same for both periodic and random arrays. The peak wavenumber of near-field radiative heat transfer between the QD arrays is also strongly affected by quantum confinement in the QDs, and thus it can be tuned by changing the size of the QDs.
Inference-optimized AI and high performance computing for gravitational wave detection at scale
Creators: name: Chaturvedi, Pranshu
name: Khan, Asad
name: Tian, Minyang
name: Huerta, E. A.
name: Zheng, Huihuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2
subject: 68T10, 85-08, 83C35, 83C57

description: We introduce an ensemble of artificial intelligence models for gravitational wave detection that we trained in the Summit supercomputer using 32 nodes, equivalent to 192 NVIDIA V100 GPUs, within 2 hours. Once fully trained, we optimized these models for accelerated inference using NVIDIA TensorRT. We deployed our inference-optimized AI ensemble in the ThetaGPU supercomputer at Argonne Leadership Computer Facility to conduct distributed inference. Using the entire ThetaGPU supercomputer, consisting of 20 nodes each of which has 8 NVIDIA A100 Tensor Core GPUs and 2 AMD Rome CPUs, our NVIDIA TensorRT-optimized AI ensemble processed an entire month of advanced LIGO data (including Hanford and Livingston data streams) within 50 seconds. Our inference-optimized AI ensemble retains the same sensitivity of traditional AI models, namely, it identifies all known binary black hole mergers previously identified in this advanced LIGO dataset and reports no misclassifications, while also providing a 3X inference speedup compared to traditional artificial intelligence models. We used time slides to quantify the performance of our AI ensemble to process up to 5 years worth of advanced LIGO data. In this synthetically enhanced dataset, our AI ensemble reports an average of one misclassification for every month of searched advanced LIGO data. We also present the receiver operating characteristic curve of our AI ensemble using this 5 year long advanced LIGO dataset. This approach provides the required tools to conduct accelerated, AI-driven gravitational wave detection at scale.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures; v2. Accepted to Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Special Issue: Efficient AI in Particle Physics and Astrophysics
Tunable strong coupling of mechanical resonance between spatially separated FePS$_3$ nanodrums
Creators: name: Šiškins, Makars
name: Sokolovskaya, Ekaterina
name: Lee, Martin
name: Mañas-Valero, Samuel
name: Davidovikj, Dejan
name: van der Zant, Herre S. J.
name: Steeneken, Peter G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coupled nanomechanical resonators made of two-dimensional materials are promising for processing information with mechanical modes. However, the challenge for these types of systems is to control the coupling. Here, we demonstrate strong coupling of motion between two suspended membranes of the magnetic 2D material FePS$_3$. We describe a tunable electromechanical mechanism for control over both the resonance frequency and the coupling strength using a gate voltage electrode under each membrane. We show that the coupling can be utilized for transferring data from one drum to the other by amplitude modulation. Finally, we also study the temperature dependence of the coupling, and in particular how it is affected by the antiferromagnetic phase transition characteristic of this material. The presented electrical coupling of resonant magnetic 2D membranes holds promise of transferring mechanical energy over a distance at low electrical power, thus enabling novel data readout and information processing technologies.
title: Mutilação Genital Feminina: Um Selo Religioso Milenar (In)Violável para as Mulheres e (In)Visível para os Homens
Creators: name: martinho, solange
Publisher: name: Revista Lusófona de Ciência das Religiões
Year: 2019
Subjects: Mutilação Genital Feminina e Liberdade Religiosa em Portugal

description: O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar e refletir sobre o fenómeno da Mutilação Genital Feminina na ótica da Liberdade Religiosa ocidental. Trata-se de uma investigação exploratória sociológica, mas com ângulos jurídicos e teológicos. Começaremos por analisar as consequências e as causas desta prática milenar considerada nefasta pela Organização Mundial de Saúde e violadora dos Direitos Humanos pela Organização da Nações Unidas, por colocar em risco a vida de milhares de raparigas e mulheres submetidas a ela um pouco por todo o mundo. Porém, daremos ênfase a problemática social que ocorre também em Portugal. Para isto, apresentaremos a prevalência da prática em Portugal, enquanto um país laico, acolhedor de várias etnias migratórias adeptas do fenómeno, passando pelos esforços que o estado português realiza no seu combate. Em causa estão para além do ultraje aos Direitos Humanos, também a complexidade do tema nas questões da Liberdade Religiosa. Faremos por fim, um breve percurso pelo quinto Objetivo de desenvolvimento Sustentável da Agenda 2030 que comporta a ideia de erradicação da prática. Palavras-chave: Mutilação Genital Feminina e Liberdade Religiosa em Portugal
description: Revista Lusófona de Ciência das Religiões, v. 21 n. 1 (2018): Revista Lusófona de Ciência das Religiões
Suzaku measurement of Abell 2204's intracluster gas temperature profile out to 1800 kpc
Creators: name: Reiprich, T. H.
name: Hudson, D. S.
name: Zhang, Y. -Y.
name: Sato, K.
name: Ishisaki, Y.
name: Hoshino, A.
name: Ohashi, T.
name: Ota, N.
name: Fujita, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Measurements of intracluster gas temperatures out to large radii are important for the use of clusters for precision cosmology and for studies of cluster physics. Previous attempts to measure robust temperatures at cluster virial radii failed. Aims: The goal of this work is to measure the temperature profile of the very relaxed galaxy cluster Abell 2204 out to large radii, possibly reaching the virial radius. Methods: Taking advantage of its low particle background due to its low-Earth orbit, Suzaku data are used to measure the outer temperature profile of Abell 2204. These data are combined with Chandra and XMM-Newton data of the same cluster in order to make the connection to the inner regions, unresolved by Suzaku, and to determine the smearing due to Suzaku's PSF. Results: The temperature profile of Abell 2204 is determined from 10 kpc to 1800 kpc, close to an estimate of r200 (the approximation to the virial radius). The temperature rises steeply from below 4 keV in the very center up to more than 8 keV in the intermediate range and then decreases again to about 4 keV at the largest radii. Varying the measured particle background normalization artificially by +-10 percent does not change the results significantly. Predictions for outer temperature profiles based on hydrodynamic simulations show good agreement. In particular, we find the observed temperature profile to be slightly steeper but consistent with a drop of a factor of 0.6 from 0.3 r200 to r200, as predicted by simulations. Conclusions: Temperature measurements up to the virial radius seem feasible with Suzaku, when a careful analysis of the different background components and the effects of the PSF is performed. The result obtained here indicates that numerical simulations capture the intracluster gas physics well in cluster outskirts.
description: 7 pages; Astronomy and Astrophysics, accepted; additional systematic effects have been quantified, results unchanged; also available at http://www.reiprich.net
Interface quality in GaSb/AlSb short period superlattices
Creators: name: Alam, Md Nazmul
name: Matson, Joseph R.
name: Sohr, Patrick
name: Caldwell, Joshua D.
name: Law, Stephanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heterostructures including the members of the 6.1Å semiconductor family (AlSb, GaSb, and InAs) are used in infrared optoelectronic devices as well as a variety of other applications. Short-period superlattices of these materials are also of interest for creating composite materials with designer infrared dielectric functions. The conditions needed to create sharp InAs/GaSb and InAs/AlSb interfaces are well known, but the AlSb/GaSb interface is much less well-understood. In this article, we test a variety of interventions designed to improve interface sharpness in AlSb/GaSb short-period superlattices. These interventions include substrate temperature, III:Sb flux ratio, and the use of a bismuth surfactant. Superlattices are characterized by high-resolution x-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. We find that AlSb/GaSb short-period superlattices have a wide growth window over which sharp interfaces can be obtained.
Appendix from Scaffolding layered control architectures through constraint closure: insights into brain evolution and development
Creators: name: Wilson, Stuart P. Wilson
name: Prescott, Tony J. Prescott
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Computational Biology
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Generalization of the model to larger systems of constraint closure
Interplay of Physically Different Properties Leading to Challenges in Separating Lanthanide Cations -- an Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics and Experimental Study
Creators: name: Leung, Kevin
name: Ilgen, Anastasia G.
name: Criscenti, Louise J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lanthanide elements have well-documented similarities in their chemical behavior, which makes the valuable trivalent lanthanide cations (Ln(III)) particularly difficult to separate from each other in water. In this work, we apply ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to compare the free energies (Delta G(ads)) associated with the adsorption of lanthanide cations to silica surfaces at a pH condition where SiO- groups are present. The predicted Delta G(ads) for lutetium (Lu(III)) and europium (Eu(III)) are similar within statistical uncertainties; this is in qualitative agreement with our batch adsorption measurements on silica. This finding is remarkable because the two cations exhibit hydration free energies (Delta G(hyd}) that differ by >2 eV, different hydration numbers, and different hydrolysis behavior far from silica surfaces. We observe that the similarity in Lu(III) and Eu(III) Delta G(ads) is the result of a delicate cancellation between the difference in Eu(III) and Lu(III) hydration (Delta G(hyd})), and their difference in binding energies to silica. We propose that disrupting this cancellation at the two end points, either for adsorbed or completely desorbed lanthanides (e.g., via nanoconfinment or mixed solvents), will lead to effective Ln separation.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
The effect of Coulomb interaction at ferromagnetic-paramagnetic metallic perovskite junctions
Creators: name: Allub, R.
name: Fuhr, J. D.
name: Avignon, M.
name: Alascio, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of Coulomb interactions in transition metal oxides junctions. In this paper we analyze charge transfer at the interface of a three layer ferromagnetic-paramagnetic-ferromagnetic metallic oxide system. We choose a charge model considering a few atomic planes within each layer and obtain results for the magnetic coupling between the ferromagnetic layers. For large number of planes in the paramagnetic spacer we find that the coupling oscillates with the same period as in RKKY but the amplitude is sensitive to the Coulomb energy. At small spacer thickness however, large differences may appear as function of : the number of electrons per atom in the ferromagnetics and paramagnetics materials, the dielectric constant at each component, and the charge defects at the interface plane emphasizing the effects of charge transfer.
description: tex file and 7 figures
Space-filling models of the nitric oxide molecule
Creators: name: Chen, Junjie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 30606 Structural Chemistry and Spectroscopy
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Nitric oxide, also called nitrogen monoxide, is a colourless toxic gas that is formed by the oxidation of nitrogen. Nitric oxide is formed from nitrogen and oxygen by the action of electric sparks or high temperatures or, more conveniently, by the action of dilute nitric acid upon copper or mercury. It was first prepared about 1620 by the Belgian scientist Jan Baptista van Helmont, and it was first studied in 1772 by the English chemist Joseph Priestley, who called it nitrous air. The gas is almost insoluble in water, but it dissolves rapidly in a slightly alkaline solution of sodium sulfite, forming the compound sodium dinitrososulfite. It reacts rapidly with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide. Nitric oxide is a relatively unstable, diatomic molecule that possesses a free radical. In the chemical industry, nitric oxide is an intermediate compound formed during the oxidation of ammonia to nitric acid. An industrial procedure for the manufacture of hydroxylamine is based on the reaction of nitric oxide with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. The formation of nitric oxide from nitric acid and mercury is applied in a volumetric method of analysis for nitric acid or its salts. Nitric oxide is an important component of the air pollution generated by automotive engines and thermal power-generating plants. When a mixture of air and hydrocarbon fuel is burned in an internal-combustion engine or a power plant, the ordinarily inert nitrogen in the air combines with oxygen at very high temperatures to form nitric oxide. The nitric oxide and hydrocarbon vapours emitted by automotive exhausts and power-plant smokestacks undergo complex photochemical reactions in the lower atmosphere to form various secondary pollutants called photochemical oxidants, which make up photochemical smog. Nitric oxide combines with water vapour in the atmosphere to form nitric acid, which is one of the components of acid rain. Heightened levels of atmospheric nitric oxide resulting from industrial activity were also one of the causes of gradual depletion of the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere. Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China
Spectroscopy of atomic hydrogen. How is the Rydberg constant determined?
Creators: name: Biraben, François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article presents a review of the most recent theoretical and experimental results in hydrogen. We particularly emphasize the methods used to deduce the Rydberg constant $R_\infty$ and we consider the prospects for future improvements in the precision of $R_\infty$.
Experimental evidence of chiral symmetry breaking in Kekulé-ordered graphene
Creators: name: Bao, Changhua
name: Zhang, Hongyun
name: Zhang, Teng
name: Wu, Xi
name: Luo, Laipeng
name: Zhou, Shaohua
name: Li, Qian
name: Hou, Yanhui
name: Yao, Wei
name: Liu, Liwei
name: Yu, Pu
name: Li, Jia
name: Duan, Wenhui
name: Yao, Hong
name: Wang, Yeliang
name: Zhou, Shuyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low-energy excitations of graphene are relativistic massless Dirac fermions with opposite chiralities at valleys K and K'. Breaking the chiral symmetry could lead to gap opening in analogy to dynamical mass generation in particle physics. Here we report direct experimental evidences of chiral symmetry breaking (CSB) from both microscopic and spectroscopic measurements in a Li-intercalated graphene. The CSB is evidenced by gap opening at the Dirac point, Kekulé-O type modulation, and chirality mixing near the gap edge. Our work opens up opportunities for investigating CSB related physics in a Kekulé-ordered graphene.
description: Kekul\'e-ordered graphene 1: Chiral symmetry breaking
A Point is Normal for Almost All Maps $βx + α\mod 1$ or Generalized $β$-Maps
Creators: name: Faller, B.
name: Pfister, C. -E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11K16, 37E05, 37B10

description: We consider the map $T_{α,β}(x):= βx + α\mod 1$, which admits a unique probability measure of maximal entropy $μ_{α,β}$. For $x \in [0,1]$, we show that the orbit of $x$ is $μ_{α,β}$-normal for almost all $(α,β)\in[0,1)\times(1,\infty)$ (Lebesgue measure). Nevertheless we construct analytic curves in $[0,1)\times(1,\infty)$ along them the orbit of $x=0$ is at most at one point $μ_{α,β}$-normal. These curves are disjoint and they fill the set $[0,1)\times(1,\infty)$. We also study the generalized $β$-maps (in particular the tent map). We show that the critical orbit $x=1$ is normal with respect to the measure of maximal entropy for almost all $β$.
description: Latex, 16 pages
Exploring the experiences and perceptions of young people’s recreational nitrous oxide use
Creators: name: Walter, H
name: Cameron, Jacqui
name: Simpson, Helen
name: Kor, Kenny
name: MacLean, S
name: Allan, Julaine
Publisher: name: University of Wollongong
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 5203
subject: Clinical and health psychology
classificationCode: 4409
subject: Social work
classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health
classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
classificationCode: 48
subject: Law and legal studies

description: Purpose: This exploratory pilot study investigated the experiences and perceptions of young people who use N2O recreationally. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first qualitative research conducted in Australia with young people investigating this topic in detail. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore young people’s perceptions, motives and experiences of N2O use by exploring the positive and negative effects of N2O, motives for use, practices and methods and suggested advice to help define targeted harm reduction messages. Design/methodology/approach: Participants were recruited via hard copy posters, social media advertisements and snowball sampling. Seven in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with young people aged between 18 and 25 years who had used N2O on at least ten occasions. The interview transcripts were analysed thematically. The study was completed in accordance with COREQ for qualitative research. Findings: The findings identified four overarching themes about N2O use: the nature of N2O use; the appeal of N2O; influences on N2O use; and perception of risk and harms of N2O use. Originality/value: Young people in the study described their experiences as being largely pleasurable. However, several identified negative impacts, although harms, were primarily disregarded. Exploration of N2O effects alongside other substance use highlighted how N2O is a unique substance and should be considered as such when developing harm reduction strategies.
Three easy ways to the Hawking temperature
Creators: name: Pinochet, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, three heuristic derivations of the Hawking temperature are presented. The main characteristic of these derivations is their extreme simplicity, which makes them easily accessible to a wide and diverse audience.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Subdiffusion and lateral diffusion coefficient of lipid atoms and molecules in phospholipid bilayers
Creators: name: Flenner, Elijah
name: Das, Jhuma
name: Rheinstadter, Maikel C.
name: Kosztin, Ioan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a long, all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation combined with theoretical modeling to investigate the dynamics of selected lipid atoms and lipid molecules in a hydrated diyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) lipid bilayer. From the analysis of a 0.1 $μ$s MD trajectory we find that the time evolution of the mean square displacement, [δ{r}(t)]^2, of lipid atoms and molecules exhibits three well separated dynamical regions: (i) ballistic, with [δ{r}(t)]^2 ~ t^2 for t < 10 fs; (ii) subdiffusive, with [δ{r}(t)]^2 ~ t^β with β<1, for 10 ps < t < 10 ns; and (iii) Fickian diffusion, with [δ{r}(t)]^2 ~ t for t > 30 ns. We propose a memory function approach for calculating [δ{r}(t)]^2 over the entire time range extending from the ballistic to the Fickian diffusion regimes. The results are in very good agreement with the ones from the MD simulations. We also examine the implications of the presence of the subdiffusive dynamics of lipids on the self-intermediate scattering function and the incoherent dynamics structure factor measured in neutron scattering experiments.
description: Submitted to Phys. Rev. E