cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
REPLICAS IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS: APPLICATIONS TO LARGE DEVIATIONS AND NEURAL NETWORKS
Creators: name: PASTORE, MAURO
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2020

description: In this thesis, we apply methods from replica theory to deal with two contemporary problems in the study of complex systems. In Part I, we discuss the behavior of the rare fluctuations of the observable of choice in most models of spin glasses: the free energy. Due to the quenched disorder, this and other thermodynamic quantities are self-averaging random variables, whose probability distribution can be evaluated within replica theory. In particular, the probability of the free energy fluctuations above its typical value shows an anomalous scaling with the number of degrees of freedom, at variance with the ordinary exponential suppression for fluctuations below. We explain how the introduction of a small magnetic field can remove this anomalous behavior. In Part II, we apply the replica formalism to the problem of linear classification of objects with a geometrical structure, in the context of machine learning. In particular, using combinatorial techniques we evaluate the number of dichotomies (binary classifications) of a set of structured inputs achievable by a linear classifier, as a function of the number of inputs to classify. We prove that this number shows an additional critical point beyond the usual storage capacity for isolated points, at which the number of admissible dichotomies becomes zero in the thermodynamic limit; the associated phase transition present a certain degree of replica symmetry breaking. This behavior is due to a trade-off between the increasing number of points to classify, and the increasing volume excluded by their geometrical structure. This approach goes in the direction of finding bounds on the generalization error of certain simple neural network architectures, more stringent for structured data than the ones known from Statistical Learning Theory.
(3634) Mary Smith
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Additional file 3 of Comparing two methods for deriving dietary patterns associated with risk of metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and elderly Taiwanese adults with impaired kidney function
Creators: name: Kurniawan, Adi Lukas
name: Chien-Yeh Hsu
name: Hsiu-An Lee
name: Hsiao-Hsien Rau
name: Rathi Paramastri
name: Syauqy, Ahmad
name: Chao, Jane C.-J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Table S3. Linear associations of PCA- or RRR-derived dietary pattern scores with components of MetS.
Determinants of the Hypergeometric Period Matrices of an Arrangement and Its Dual
Creators: name: Varchenko, Alexander
name: Mukherjee, D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Abstract We fix three natural numbers k, n, N, such that n+k+1 = N, and introduce the notion of two dual arrangements of hyperplanes. One of the arrangements is an arrangement of N hyperplanes in a k-dimensional affine space, the other is an arrangement of N hyperplanes in an n-dimensional affine space. We assign weights α 1, . . . , α N to the hyperplanes of the arrangements and for each of the arrangements consider the associated period matrices. The first is a matrix of k-dimensional hypergeometric integrals and the second is a matrix of n-dimensional hypergeometric integrals. The size of each matrix is equal to the number of bounded domains of the corresponding arrangement. We show that the dual arrangements have the same number of bounded domains and the product of the determinants of the period matrices is equal to an alternating product of certain values of Euler’s gamma function multiplied by a product of exponentials of the weights.
Quantum plasmonic excitation in graphene and robust-to-loss propagation
Creators: name: Hanson, George W.
name: Gangaraj, S. A. Hassani
name: Lee, Changhyoup
name: Angelakis, Dimitris G.
name: Tame, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the excitation of quantum plasmonic states of light in graphene using end-fire and prism coupling. In order to model the excitation process quantum mechanically we quantize the transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes in graphene. A selection of regimes are then studied that enable the excitation of SPPs by photons and we show that efficient coupling of photons to graphene SPPs is possible at the quantum level. Futhermore, we study the excitation of quantum states and their propagation under the effects of loss induced from the electronic degrees of freedom in the graphene. Here, we investigate whether it is possible to protect quantum information using quantum error correction techniques. We find that these techniques provide a robust-to-loss method for transferring quantum states of light in graphene over large distances.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Atividades - GEPPAIE (Grupo de Estudos Processos Participativos e Artísticos de Investigação e Educação)
Creators: name: Gomes, Susana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Atividades desenvolvidas pela autora no âmbito do grupo de estudos:

I - Relato sobre a experiência de construção de uma narrativa visual apresentada ao Grupo de Estudos Processos Participativos e Artísticos de Investigação e Educação (GEPPAIE).
II - Notas de campo (figuras e textos).
III - Materiais do Workshop "Vamos Junt@s".
IV - diapositivos apresentados na comunicação "Becoming in-between: Three arts-based research approaches in resonance" (Dias, Gomes & Caetano, 2022)
Contradiction-tolerant process algebra with propositional signals
Creators: name: Bergstra, J. A.
name: Middelburg, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.1; D.2.4; F.3.1; F.4.1

description: In a previous paper, an ACP-style process algebra was proposed in which propositions are used as the visible part of the state of processes and as state conditions under which processes may proceed. This process algebra, called ACPps, is built on classical propositional logic. In this paper, we present a version of ACPps built on a paraconsistent propositional logic which is essentially the same as CLuNs. There are many systems that would have to deal with self-contradictory states if no special measures were taken. For a number of these systems, it is conceivable that accepting self-contradictory states and dealing with them in a way based on a paraconsistent logic is an alternative to taking special measures. The presented version of ACPps can be suited for the description and analysis of systems that deal with self-contradictory states in a way based on the above-mentioned paraconsistent logic.
description: 25 pages; 26 pages, occurrences of wrong symbol for bisimulation equivalence replaced; 26 pages, Proposition 1 added; 27 pages, explanation of the phrase 'in contradiction' added to section 2 and presentation of the completeness result in section 2 improved; 27 pages, uniqueness result in section 2 revised; 27 pages, last paragraph of section 8 revised
Optical spectral weight: comparison of weak and strong spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Li, Zhou
name: Carbotte, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fermi velocity ($v_{F}$) associated with the spin-orbit coupling is two orders of magnitude smaller for spintronic semiconductors than it is for topological insulators. Both families can be treated with the same Hamiltonian which contains a relativistic (Dirac) linear in momentum term proportional to $v_{F}$ and a non-relativistic quadratic contribution with Schrödinger mass (m). We find that the AC dynamic longitudinal and transverse (Hall) magneto-conductivities are strongly dependent on the size of $v_{F}$. When the Dirac fermi velocity is small, the absorption background provided by the interband optical transitions is finite only over a very limited range of photon energies as compared with topological insulators. Its onset depends on the value of the chemical potential ($μ$) and on the magnetic field (B), as does its upper cut off. Within this limited range its magnitude is however constant and has the same magnitude of $e^{2}π/(8h)$ as is found in topological insulators and also in graphene noting a difference in degeneracy factor. The total optical spectral weight under the universal interband background is $e^{2}π/(8h)4mv_{F}^{2}$. In contrast to the known result for graphene no strict conservation law applies to the spectral weight transfers between inter and intra band transition brought about by variations in the magnitude of the chemical potential when a non-relativistic contribution is present in the Hamiltonian whatever size it may have.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, accepted to PRB
A Direct Way to Find the Right Key of a Semistandard Young Tableau
Creators: name: Willis, Matthew
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Abstract The right key of a semistandard Young tableau is a tool used to find Demazure characters for {sl_n(\mathbb{C})}$ . This paper gives methods to obtain the right and left keys by inspection of the semistandard Young tableau.
(3631) Dorothy Maud Lart
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The role of microRNAs in primary liver cancer
Creators: name: Heike Varnholt
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Small RNA molecules such as microRNAs, for many years considered to be superfluous genomic material, are now known to play important regulatory roles in apoptosis, cell proliferation and differentiation, angiogenesis and thus in carcinogenesis. Primary liver carcinomas such as hepatocellular carcinomas, cholangiocarcinomas and mixed variants show a rising incidence with high mortality among affected patients but lack effective targeted therapies except the new multiple kinase inhibitor Sorafenib. This review elucidates the recent contributions of miRNA gene expression analyses to a better understanding of the complex molecular interactions in liver carcinogenesis and highlights their future promise to provide novel tools for improved diagnostics, more accurate prognostic assessment and tailored molecular therapies in liver cancer.
Additional file 2 of Comparing two methods for deriving dietary patterns associated with risk of metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and elderly Taiwanese adults with impaired kidney function
Creators: name: Kurniawan, Adi Lukas
name: Chien-Yeh Hsu
name: Hsiu-An Lee
name: Hsiao-Hsien Rau
name: Rathi Paramastri
name: Syauqy, Ahmad
name: Chao, Jane C.-J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Table S2–1. Factor loadings (Pearson’s correlation coefficients) of food groups in PCA-derived dietary patterns a. Table S2–2. Percentage of variation and Pearson’s correlation coefficients among food groups and response variables in RRR-derived dietary pattern.
title: Data Visualization, Dimensionality Reduction, and Data Alignment via Manifold Learning
Creators: name: Duque Correa, Andrés Felipe
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: The high dimensionality of modern data introduces significant challenges in descriptive and exploratory data analysis. These challenges gave rise to extensive work on dimensionality reduction and manifold learning aiming to provide low dimensional representations that preserve or uncover intrinsic patterns and structures in the data. In this thesis, we expand the current literature in manifold learning developing two methods called DIG (Dynamical Information Geometry) and GRAE (Geometry Regularized Autoencoders). DIG is a method capable of finding low-dimensional representations of high-frequency multivariate time series data, especially suited for visualization. GRAE is a general framework which splices the well-established machinery from kernel manifold learning methods to recover a sensitive geometry, alongside the parametric structure of autoencoders.
Manifold learning can also be useful to study data collected from different measurement instruments, conditions, or protocols of the same underlying system. In such cases the data is acquired in a multi-domain representation. The last two Chapters of this thesis are devoted to two new methods capable of aligning multi-domain data, leveraging their geometric structure alongside limited common information. First, we present DTA (Diffusion Transport Alignment), a semi-supervised manifold alignment method that exploits prior one-to-one correspondence knowledge between distinct data views and finds an aligned common representation. And finally, we introduce MALI (Manifold Alignment with Label Information). Here we drop the one-to-one prior correspondences assumption, since in many scenarios such information can not be provided, either due to the nature of the experimental design, or it becomes extremely costly. Instead, MALI only needs side-information in the form of discrete labels/classes present in both domains.
Region 11 MELD Na exception prospective study
Creators: name: Heuman, Douglas M
name: Eason, James
name: Russo, Mark W
name: McGillicuddy, John W
name: Smith, Alastair D
name: Behnke, Martha K
name: Hundley, Johnathan
name: Northup, Patrick
name: Zacks, Steven
name: Nair, Satheesh
name: Harper, Ann M
name: Fisher, Robert A
name: Marvin, Michael R
name: Porayko, Michael K
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: "INTRODUCTION: Hyponatremia complicates cirrhosis and predicts short term mortality, including adverse outcomes before and after liver transplantation.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: From April 1, 2008, through April 2, 2010, all adult candidates for primary liver transplantation with cirrhosis, listed in Region 11 with hyponatremia, were eligible for sodium (Na) exception.

RESULTS: Patients with serum sodium (SNa) less than 130 mg/dL, measured two weeks apart and within 30 days of Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) exception request, were given preapproved Na exception. MELD Na was calculated [MELD + 1.59 (135-SNa/30 days)]. MELD Na was capped at 22, and subject to standard adult recertification schedule. On data end of follow-up, December 28, 2010, 15,285 potential U.S. liver recipients met the inclusion criteria of true MELD between 6 and 22. In Region 11, 1,198 of total eligible liver recipients were listed. Sixty-two (5.2%) patients were eligible for Na exception (MELD Na); 823 patients (68.7%) were listed with standard MELD (SMELD); and 313 patients (26.1%) received HCC MELD exception. Ninety percent of MELD Na patients and 97% of HCC MELD patients were transplanted at end of follow up, compared to 49% of Region 11 standard MELD and 40% of U.S.A. standard MELD (USA MELD) patients (p < 0.001); with comparable dropout rates (6.5, 1.6, 6.9, 9% respectively; p = 0.2). MELD Na, HCC MELD, Region 11 SMELD, and USA MELD post-transplant six-month actual patient survivals were similar (92.9, 92.8, 92.2, and 93.9 %, respectively).

CONCLUSION: The Region 11 MELD Na exception prospective trial improved hyponatremic cirrhotic patient access to transplant equitably, and without compromising transplant efficacy."
Answer set based design of knowledge systems
Creators: name: Balduccini, Marcello
name: Gelfond, Michael
name: Nogueira, Monica
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that A-Prolog is a powerful language for the construction of reasoning systems. In fact, A-Prolog allows to specify the initial situation, the domain model, the control knowledge, and the reasoning modules. Moreover, it is efficient enough to be used for practical tasks and can be nicely integrated with programming languages such as Java. An exten- sion of A-Prolog (CR-Prolog) allows to further improve the quality of reasoning by specifying requirements that the solutions should satisfy if at all possible. The features of A-Prolog and CR-Prolog are demonstrated by describing in detail the design of USA-Advisor, an A-Prolog based decision support system for the Space Shuttle flight controllers.
Action and Energy of the Gravitational Field
Creators: name: Lau, S.R
name: York, J.W
name: Brown, J.D
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: We present a detailed examination of the variational principle for metric general relativity as applied to a quasilocal spacetime region M (that is, a region that is both spatially and temporally bounded). Our analysis relies on the Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity and thereby assumes a foliation of M into spacelike hypersurfaces Σ. We allow for near complete generality in the choice of foliation. Using a field-theoretic generalization of Hamilton–Jacobi theory, we define the quasilocal stress-energy momentum of the gravitational field by varying the action with respect to the metric on the boundary ∂M. The gravitational stress-energy momentum is defined for a two-surface spanned by a spacelike hypersurface in spacetime. We examine the behavior of the gravitational stress-energy momentum under boosts of the spanning hypersurface. The boost relations are derived from the geometrical and invariance properties of the gravitational action and Hamiltonian. Finally, we present several new examples of quasilocal energy momentum, including a novel discussion of quasilocal energy momentum in the large-sphere limit toward spatial infinity.
Limitation to Quantum Measurements of Space‐Time Distances
Creators: name: Dam, H
name: Ng, Y
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: Inspired by the work of Wheeler among others, we have studied the problem of quantum measurements of space-time distances by applying the general principles of quantum mechanics as well as those of general relativity. Contrary to folklore, the mimimum error in the measurement of a length is shown to be proportional to the one-third power of the length itself. This uncertainty in space-time measurements implies an uncertainty of the space-time metric and yields quantum decoherence for particles heavier than the Planck mass. There is also a corresponding minimum error in energy-momentum measurements.
Emergent effects in multi-agent simulations of road pricing
Creators: name: Grether, Dominik
name: Chen, Yu
name: Rieser, Marcel
name: Beuck, Ulrike
name: Nagel, Kai
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: 380 Handel, Kommunikation, Verkehr
subject: road pricing
subject: transportation
subject: policy
subject: public transit
subject: toll
subject: MATSim

description: Road pricing is debated as an option of transportation policy. Especially in metropolitan areas congestion pricing is promising to reduce congestion and to protect the environment. In order to reach the promised results the choice and design of a policy is very important, especially in a ”second-best” context. Therefore it is worth to attempt detailed predictions of the effects and implications of the planned pricing scheme. Most if not all state-of-thepractice methodologies forecasting those effects are • aggregate and in consequence do not consider social and economic characteristics of individual travelers. • static in time and in consequence do not consider temporal effects such as toll avoidance In order to bridge this gap, multi-agent microsimulations can be used. Our large-scale multi-agent traffic simulation is capable to simulate a complete day-plan of up to seven million individuals (agents). In contrast to other approaches, our simulation truly traces the synthetic travelers through their day, thus enabling us (at least in principle) to model emergent effects such as complex re-scheduling across the whole day. This paper describes the implementation of a toll-scheme for the bigger Zurich area and presents the results of the simulation. We point out how agents (population) react to changed prices of transportation by modifying their consumption patterns. The analysis of the policy is based on the performance of simulated day-plans of the agents. This performance is directly given by a utility function, which is used to measure gains and losses of different groups of inhabitants in the research area. Based on these measurements we provide an economic interpretation of the policy and highlight emergent phenomena like changes in route choice and time reactions.
Additional file 4 of Comparing two methods for deriving dietary patterns associated with risk of metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and elderly Taiwanese adults with impaired kidney function
Creators: name: Kurniawan, Adi Lukas
name: Chien-Yeh Hsu
name: Hsiu-An Lee
name: Hsiao-Hsien Rau
name: Rathi Paramastri
name: Syauqy, Ahmad
name: Chao, Jane C.-J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4: Table S4. Association of PCA- or RRR-derived dietary pattern with MetS in subgroups by impaired kidney function a
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION AND DELIMITATION OF INSECT TAXA: DEVELOPMENT OF NEW DATA, APPROACHES AND EVALUATION OF TOOLS EFFICIENCY
Creators: name: MAGOGA, GIULIA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2020

description: Molecular taxonomy is the science that classifies and identifies organism basing on molecular information. Its application to species-rich groups of organisms, as insects, could improve and accelerate taxa identification and delimitation. The efficiency and the limits of the methods for molecular taxonomy have to be properly evaluated for achieving unbiased results with this taxonomic approach. The main aims of this thesis are: i) to develop COI barcode libraries for Euro-Mediterranean Chrysomelidae identification and test DNA-barcoding efficiency in the identification of the species of the family; ii) to estimate group-specific nucleotide distance thresholds for the molecular identification of Chrysomelidae taxa and compare the error related to their use with the error related to the use of a general threshold value estimated for the whole family; iii) to apply molecular species delimitation methods to other insects taxa with the aim of resolving their taxonomic status in an integrative taxonomy framework; vi) to test the influence of factors intrinsic to the analysed data on molecular species delimitation efficiency. The results obtained confirmed the high efficiency of DNA-Barcoding as tool for Chrysomelidae molecular identification (94-99% efficiency) and the usefulness of molecular delimitation methods in integrative taxonomy for resolving taxonomic debated issues. The use of groups specific thresholds resulted to be related to a significantly lower identification error than the use of a general threshold for the whole Chrysomelidae, suggesting how the use of fixed thresholds for taxa identification is unwise. Finally, some factors, i.e. the species delimitation methods used, the geographic intraspecific distance among individuals collection localities and the difficulties in morphological identification of species, resulted to affect the efficiency of molecular species delimitation.
EFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE DESIGNS OF FOOD SAFETY REGULATION: EVIDENCE FROM 15 EU COUNTRIES
Creators: name: BAZZAN, GIULIA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2019

description: This research investigates differences in effectiveness of food safety regulation across the EU countries and explains them by differences in domestic governance design. The focus is justified by a pragmatic consideration, inspired by the Institutional Analysis and Development framework (IAD: Ostrom 2005, 2011): although policy effectiveness more directly depends on a wide array of noninstitutional factors, the institutional dimension of governance is the one on which intervention is relatively easier, and that shapes actors? strategies and endowments. Drawing on this tenet, this work asks which institutional features of the national governance design make food safety regulation effective. Given the configurational nature of institutional effects (Ostrom, 1986), Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) is the suitable technique to find out the necessary and sufficient conditions associated with high / low effectiveness of food safety regulation. To emphasize the effects of governance designs, the study narrows on those Member States in which the implementation of the European reform has consolidated (with the Regulation 178/2002). As all the Member States accessing the EU in 2004 and 2007 have this regulatory system still in the making ? the Central and Eastern European Countries, but also Malta and Cyprus ? this research identifies its scope condition in the EU 15, i.e. the countries that joined the European Union before 2004. Results show that capacity plays a prominent role for an effective response, unfolding its effect in combination with an integrated model of distribution of the regulatory functions.
Additional file 2 of A heat-shock inducible system for flexible gene expression in cereals
Creators: name: Harrington, Sophie A.
name: Backhaus, Anna E.
name: Fox, Samantha
name: Rogers, Christian
name: Borrill, Philippa
name: Uauy, Cristobal
name: Richardson, Annis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Contains all Additional Figures and Tables referred to in the text.
(3627) Neen Dunbar
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Galactic Winds
Creators: name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
name: Cecil, Gerald
name: Veilleux, Sylvain
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Galactic winds are the primary mechanism by which energy and metals are recycled in galaxies and are deposited into the intergalactic medium. New observations are revealing the ubiquity of this process, particularly at high redshift. We describe the physics behind these winds, discuss the observational evidence for them in nearby star-forming and active galaxies and in the high-redshift universe, and consider the implications of energetic winds for the formation and evolution of galaxies and the intergalactic medium. To inspire future research, we conclude with a set of observational and theoretical challenges. Comment: Paper to be published in 2005 Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics
description: revision based on comments from readers and production editor. Figure 1 was replaced to show the proper density scale. A PDF file combining both text and figures is available at http://www.astro.umd.edu/~veilleux/pubs/araa.pdf
General classical and quantum-mechanical description of magnetic resonance: An application to electric-dipole-moment experiments
Creators: name: Silenko, Alexander J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general theoretical description of a magnetic resonance is presented. This description is necessary for a detailed analysis of spin dynamics in electric-dipole-moment experiments in storage rings. General formulas describing a behavior of all components of the polarization vector at the magnetic resonance are obtained for an arbitrary initial polarization. These formulas are exact on condition that the nonresonance rotating field is neglected. The spin dynamics is also calculated at frequencies far from resonance with allowance for both rotating fields. A general quantum-mechanical analysis of the spin evolution at the magnetic resonance is fulfilled and the full agreement between the classical and quantum-mechanical approaches is shown. Quasimagnetic resonances for particles and nuclei moving in noncontinuous perturbing fields of accelerators and storage rings are considered. Distinguishing features of quasimagnetic resonances in storage ring electric-dipole-moment experiments are investigated in detail. The exact formulas for the effect caused by the electric dipole moment are derived. The difference between the resonance effects conditioned by the rf electric-field flipper and the rf Wien filter is found and is calculated for the first time. The existence of this difference is crucial for the establishment of a consent between analytical derivations and computer simulations and for checking spin tracking programs. Main systematical errors are considered.
description: 29 pages
Crowdfunding: the moderating role of the funding goal on factors influencing project success
Creators: name: Pinkow, Felix
name: Emmerich, Philip
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 330 Wirtschaft
subject: crowdfunding
subject: success factors
subject: reward-based
subject: start-up
subject: entrepreneurial financing

description: Purpose: The factors determining the success of crowdfunding projects is one of the central aspects for crowdfunding researchers. Most quantitative approaches recognize the amount of funds targeted as an important control. However, little is known about the impact of the funding goal on other factors that impact crowdfunding success. We hypothesize that the effect of crowdfunding success factors might vary dependent on funding goal level. Design/methodology/approach: A dataset of 338 crowdfunding projects on the German crowdfunding platform StartNext, with a vast majority of projects founded in Germany and a few projects from international European founders, in the years 2015 to 2016 is analysed by conducting regression analyses controlling for varying funding goal sizes. We use the dependent variables success, the degree of success, number of project supporters and the average contribution per supporter and control whether the effect of independent variables such as comments, updates and social media depend on different funding goals. Findings: Our study indicates that the impact of the investigated success factors in fact strongly depends on the goal sizes of crowdfunding projects. By grouping projects into clusters of varying funding goal sizes, we find that the impact of individual success factors changes and that the funding goal plays a moderating role for factors impacting project success. Research/practical implications: These results help both researchers and future entrepreneurs to better understand supporter behaviour. First, we suggest researchers to include the projects’ funding goals as moderators in most cases especially when assessing success factors for crowdfunding projects. Second, future entrepreneurs should be aware that factors influencing the success of a crowdfunding project strongly depend on the set funding goal. Depending on funding goal, some factors become less relevant whilst other factors’ importance is increasing. Originality/value: The funding goal of a crowdfunding project determines whether instruments used by project founders have an impact on their project’s success. Although the funding goal is a central issue in crowdfunding research, it is often used as independent variable, in contrast we suggest incorporating it as a moderator for other success factors.
title: Avian Species Distribution Models: Using Location Data to Inform Management Decisions
Creators: name: Wright, Marilyn E.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: Both state and federal wildlife agencies strive to conserve and protect wildlife and their habitats as an important public resource. Applied management decisions often rely on being able to obtain data that can efficiently and effectively enhance the understanding of these systems for informing management actions. Wildlife managers often focus efforts on a small subset of species from an ecosystem, typically called focal species, who can serve as surrogates for understanding the health and function of the system. Models that consider how these focal species interact with the ecosystem are often used to better understand important aspects of their life history, ecology, and conservation needs.
Birds are ideal candidates for use as focal species as they often are sensitive to disturbance, tied to a narrow subset of habitat characteristics for different parts of their life cycle success, and are often easy to monitor and study. The recent advent of advanced GPS and spatial technology allows managers the chance to consider birds and their relationship with their habitat on a deeper level by considering interactions at finer spatial scales. However, GPS and spatial technology as well as the methods to analyze the spatially explicit data have only recently been available for many avian species.
In this study, the Utah State University partners with the U.S. Forest Service in Utah, U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, and the Nevada Department of Wildlife to analyze spatial data collected for northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) and white-headed woodpeckers (Dryobates albolarvatus). While the spatial data for this project was previously collected as part of other management objectives, the collaborations for this project make it possible to analyze this data with some of the latest methods in spatial and movement ecology. We used methods such as predictive modeling with the Forest Vegetation Simulator, resource selection analysis, and integrated step selection analysis to examine each of these species’ relationships with their habitat on a finer scale than previously considered and to help create management recommendations based on our findings.
title: Power Approximations for Generalized Linear Mixed Models in R Using Steep Priors on Variance Components
Creators: name: Geisler, Sydney
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: When designing an experiment, researchers often want to know how likely they are to detect statistically significant effects in the resulting data, i.e., they want to estimate their statistical power. The probability distribution method is a flexible way to do this, and it is currently implemented in the statistical software package SAS. This method requires a hypothetical data set (showing the magnitude of hypothesized effects) and constant values of variance components, which are critical elements of the statistical models used. The statistical software package R is increasingly popular, but the probability distribution method has not yet been implemented in R, and the statistical modeling approaches in R do not automatically allow constant values of the variance components. We present here an R implementation for power approximation that will allow variance components to be essentially held constant by assuming they follow a certain steep statistical distribution. We demonstrate this approach using normally-distributed data and explore issues in implementing it for non-normal data.
Boronic Acid Derivatives Targeting HIV-1
Creators: name: Goz, B.
name: Ishaq, K.S.
name: Chen, X.
name: Bastow, K.
name: Morris-Natschke, S.L.
name: Kucera, L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: A series of novel boronic acid derivatives containing either a pyrimidine or purine base was synthesized. The preparation involved the condensation of 4-bromobutyl boronic acid with the appropriate base. These acyclic nucleosides were designed as potential antiviral agents especially targeting the human immunodeficiency virus. Two analogues, 6-chloro-9-(4-dihydroxyborylbutyl)purine and 2,6-dichloro-9-(4-dihydroxyborylbutyl)purine, exhibited EC50 values of 7.7 µM and 0.99 µM, respectively, in an HIV-1 syncytial plaque reduction assay.
A comparative framework for broad-scale plot-based vegetation classification
Creators: name: Peet, Robert
name: Schmidtlein, Sebastian
name: Gillet, François
name: De Cáceres, Miquel
name: Landucci, Flavia
name: Jansen, Florian
name: Franklin, Scott
name: Willner, Wolfgang
name: Theurillat, Jean-Paul
name: Lengyel, Attila
name: Feoli, Enrico
name: Loidi, Javier
name: Czúcz, Bálint
name: Roleček, Jan
name: Ewald, Jörg
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja
name: Tichý, Lubomír
name: Wiser, Susan
name: Krestov, Pavel
name: Attorre, Fabio
name: Agrillo, Emiliano
name: Capelo, Jorge
name: Chytrý, Milan
name: Dengler, Jürgen
name: Wildi, Otto
name: Botta-Dukát, Zoltán
name: Roberts, David
name: Walker, Donald
name: Faber-Langendoen, Don
name: Gavilán, Rosario
name: Schaminée, Joop
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: AIMS: Classification of vegetation is an essential tool to describe, understand, predict and manage biodiversity. Given the multiplicity of approaches to classify vegetation, it is important to develop international consensus around a set of general guidelines and purpose‐specific standard protocols. Before these goals can be achieved, however, it is necessary to identify and understand the different choices that are made during the process of classifying vegetation. This paper presents a framework to facilitate comparisons between broad‐scale plot‐based classification approaches. RESULTS: Our framework is based on the distinction of four structural elements (plot record, vegetation type, consistent classification section and classification system) and two procedural elements (classification protocol and classification approach). For each element we describe essential properties that can be used for comparisons. We also review alternative choices regarding critical decisions of classification approaches; with a special focus on the procedures used to define vegetation types from plot records. We illustrate our comparative framework by applying it to different broad‐scale classification approaches. CONCLUSIONS: Our framework will be useful for understanding and comparing plot‐based vegetation classification approaches, as well as for integrating classification systems and their sections.
title: Carbon Sinks and Sources in Great Salt Lake: Consequences of Declining Lake Levels
Creators: name: Arias, Melissa Cobo
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: Globally, saline lakes are experiencing declining water level as a consequence of climate change, water diversions for human consumption, and management strategies that do not account for changing climate and drought conditions. Great Salt Lake (GSL) is a large saline lake in Utah, USA, and is, as most saline lakes, experiencing decreasing lake levels which may impact local carbon cycling. It is unknown how lakebed drying affects processes that control carbon sequestration and carbon emissions to the atmosphere. The goal of this research was to measure various biological processes that use, create, and transform carbon in GSL to understand the impacts of declining lake levels on carbon in this ecosystem Gross primary production (GPP) and respiration (R) are processes within the lake and lakebed sediments, performed by plants, algae, and microorganisms, that use and create oxygen and carbon for energy. Gross primary production (GPP) uses carbon dioxide to create oxygen and organic carbon, while respiration (R) uses oxygen and organic carbon to create carbon dioxide. To determine how the total consumption and production of carbon within the lake is affected by lake level decreases, GPP and R were measured in GSL in 2020 and 2021, during which time lake levels decreased more than .8 m. Measurements showed that GPP and R were very different across regions of GSL. Results showed that there was more R than GPP in both years, indicating that there was a net creation of carbon dioxide by organisms in the lake. Gross primary production and R decreased from 2020 to 2021 due to the large decrease in lake levels. Carbon dioxide emissions from exposed lakebed sediments were also measured in 2020 and showed that there were high levels of carbon dioxide released from sediments during summer months and lower levels released during winter months. Carbon dioxide emissions from the sediments were controlled by the amount of moisture in the sediments and by temperature, indicating that emissions were low in very dry or very wet sediments and lower during cold weather. This research show that there are important changes in the GSL ecosystem as lake levels decrease. Future research should investigate patterns in how organisms use, create, and transform carbon change around the lake and what this means for future changes in GSL.
(3628) Joy Loder
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The Erpenbeck High Frequency Instability Theorem for Zeldovitch–von Neumann–Döring Detonations
Creators: name: Williams, Mark
name: Lafitte, Olivier
name: Zumbrun, Kevin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Abstract The rigorous study of spectral stability for strong detonations was begun by Erpenbeck (Phys. Fluids 5:604–614 1962). Working with the Zeldovitch–von Neumann–Döring (ZND) model (more precisely, Erpenbeck worked with an extension of ZND to general chemistry and thermodynamics), which assumes a finite reaction rate but ignores effects such as viscosity corresponding to second order derivatives, he used a normal mode analysis to define a stability function {V(\tau,\epsilon)}$ whose zeros in {\mathfrak{R}\tau > 0}$ correspond to multidimensional perturbations of a steady detonation profile that grow exponentially in time. Later in a remarkable paper (Erpenbeck in Phys. Fluids 9:1293–1306, 1966; Stability of detonations for disturbances of small transverse wavelength, 1965) he provided strong evidence, by a combination of formal and rigorous arguments, that for certain classes of steady ZND profiles, unstable zeros of V exist for perturbations of sufficiently large transverse wavenumber {\epsilon}$ , even when the von Neumann shock, regarded as a gas dynamical shock, is uniformly stable in the sense defined (nearly 20 years later) by Majda. In spite of a great deal of later numerical work devoted to computing the zeros of {V(\tau,\epsilon)}$ , the paper (Erpenbeck in Phys. Fluids 9:1293–1306, 1966) remains one of the few works we know of [another is Erpenbeck (Phys. Fluids 7:684–696, 1964), which considers perturbations for which the ratio of longitudinal over transverse components approaches ∞] that presents a detailed and convincing theoretical argument for detecting them. The analysis in Erpenbeck (Phys. Fluids 9:1293–1306, 1966) points the way toward, but does not constitute, a mathematical proof that such unstable zeros exist. In this paper we identify the mathematical issues left unresolved in Erpenbeck (Phys. Fluids 9:1293–1306, 1966) and provide proofs, together with certain simplifications and extensions, of the main conclusions about stability and instability of detonations contained in that paper. The main mathematical problem, and our principal focus here, is to determine the precise asymptotic behavior as {\epsilon\to\infty}$ of solutions to a linear system of ODEs in x, depending on {\epsilon}$ and a complex frequency τ as parameters, with turning points x * on the half-line [0,∞).