cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Magnetization Dynamics in Thin-Films and Nanoparticles
Creators: name: D'Aquino, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2005

description: In chapter 1 the micromagnetic model and the
Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation is introduced to
describe magnetization phenomena in ferromagnetic bodies.
First, an approach in terms of the
free energy associated with the magnetic body is presented to
derive the static equilibrium conditions for magnetization vector
field. Then, the dynamic effects due to the gyromagnetic
precession are introduced. Both Landau-Lifshitz and
Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation are presented.
Phenomenological Gilbert damping is analyzed in terms of
Rayleigh dissipation function.

In chapter 2 the study of magnetization dynamics in uniformly
magnetized particles is addressed. In particular, first the
static Stoner-Wohlfarth model and then magnetization switching
processes are analyzed. In addition, novel analytical
techniques to study magnetization dynamics under circularly
polarized external fields and magnetization dynamics driven by
spin-polarized currents are introduced and deeply discussed.
In this respect, it is shown how some behaviors indeed
observed in experiments, can be explained in terms of bifurcations
of fixed points and limit cycles of the LLG dynamical system.

As a further step, in chapter 3, the assumption of magnetization
spatial uniformity is removed and the problem of studying
thin-films reversal processes of technological interest is
addressed. In this respect, as preliminary step, the issue of the
computation of magnetostatic fields, which is still the bottleneck
of micromagnetic simulations, is illustrated together with
the mostly used methods at this time. Then, a comparison of
damping and precessional switching processes in thin-films is
performed, showing that fast precessional switching can be
considered spatially quasi-uniform and, therefore, its crucial
aspects can be analyzed by means of uniform mode theory discussed
in chapter 2. Finally, a uniform mode analysis is applied to
the fast switching of granular tilted media which represents one
of the most promising solutions for high density magnetic storage
in future hard disks.

In chapter 4, the problem of the geometrical integration
of LLG equation is considered. In particular, the mid-point rule
time-stepping is applied to the LLG equation. In fact, it
is shown that the fundamental properties of magnetization
dynamics, embedded in the continuous model, are reproduced by the
mid-point discretized LLG equation regardless of the time step. In
addition, since the resulting numerical scheme is implicit,
special and reasonably fast quasi-Newton technique is
developed to solve the nonlinear system of equations arising at
each time step. The proposed mid-point technique is validated
on the micromagnetic standard problem no. 4 which concerns with
thin-films reversal processes. Finally, numerical
results and computational cost are discussed.
Spectroscopic Signatures of Massless Gap Opening in Graphene
Creators: name: Benfatto, L.
name: Cappelluti, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gap opening in graphene is usually discussed in terms of a semiconducting-like spectrum, where the appearance of a finite gap at the Dirac point is accompanied by a finite mass for the fermions. In this Letter we propose a gap scenario from graphene which preserves the massless characters of the carriers. This approach explains recent spectroscopic measurements carried out in epitaxially-grown graphene, ranging from photoemission to optical transmission.
Symmetries and obtainment of Mueller-Jones matrix from output Stokes vectors
Creators: name: Kuntman, M. A.
name: Kuntman, E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: symmetry, outer product of input and output Stokes vectors, 4x4 analogue of Jones matrix, 4- component polarization state of light with phase, a formalism between directly measured quantities and theoretical structures, obtainment of Jones matrix, Stokes vector, polarimetry, ellisometry, Mueller matrix, symmetries and rotations

description: The Jones matrix, and hence the Mueller-Jones matrix can be characterized by seven real parameters: one real and three complex parameters. In principle, any Mueller matrix can be obtained from six output Stokes vectors. If the Mueller matrix of a deterministic optical system has a symmetry then only two output Stokes vectors is enough to determine the remaining five real parameters. If, in addition to the symmetry, all nonzero complex parameters are real or pure imaginary then just a single output Stokes vector is enough. This note intends to demonstrate the internal consistency of the theorem that was recently put forward. The theorem states that there exists a relation between the outer product of input-output Stokes vectors and outer product of complex vectors. Complex vectors are obtained as a result of transformation of Stokes vectors by Z matrices. Z matrices are 4x4 analogues of Jones matrices. It is shown that determination of all relevant parameters that characterize a deterministic optical system can also be accomplished by means of the theorem. It is also discussed that complex parameters can be altered by a rotation about the z-axis, and it is shown that in some cases it is possible to make one complex parameter zero by simply rotating the optical system.
Integral equation theory based dielectric scheme for strongly coupled electron liquids
Creators: name: Tolias, P.
name: Castello, F. Lucco
name: Dornheim, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper, Lucco Castello et al. [arXiv:2107.03537] provided an accurate parametrization of classical one-component plasma bridge functions that was embedded in a novel dielectric scheme for strongly coupled electron liquids. Here, this approach is rigorously formulated, its set of equations is formally derived and its numerical algorithm is scrutinized. Systematic comparison with available and new path integral Monte Carlo simulations reveals a rather unprecedented agreement especially in terms of the interaction energy and the long wavelength limit of the static local field correction.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables
Obtainment of a Mueller-Jones matrix from two Stokes vector measurements under certain symmetry conditions
Creators: name: Kuntman, M. A.
name: Kuntman, E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Outer product of input and output Stokes vectors, 4x4 analogue of Jones matrix, 4- component polarization state of light with phase, a formalism between directly measured quantities and theoretical structures, mesasurement of Jones matrix, Stokes vector, polarimetry, ellisometry, Mueller matrix

description: Abstract: An application of a theorem that was recently put forward is discussed. The theorem states
 that, for deterministic optical systems, there exists a relation between the outer products of experimentally measured real input-output Stokes vectors and theoretically calculated four dimensional complex vectors. Complex vectors contain information about phase and they are obtained as a result of transformations of real Stokes vectors by Z matrices which are analogues of Jones matrices. It is shown that the link between the theory and experiment can be established by means of the theorem and this link can be used to find the Mueller-Jones matrix of deterministic optical systems under certain symmetry conditions.
Do Datasets Have Politics? Disciplinary Values in Computer Vision Dataset Development
Creators: name: Scheuerman, Morgan Klaus
name: Denton, Emily
name: Hanna, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data is a crucial component of machine learning. The field is reliant on data to train, validate, and test models. With increased technical capabilities, machine learning research has boomed in both academic and industry settings, and one major focus has been on computer vision. Computer vision is a popular domain of machine learning increasingly pertinent to real-world applications, from facial recognition in policing to object detection for autonomous vehicles. Given computer vision's propensity to shape machine learning research and impact human life, we seek to understand disciplinary practices around dataset documentation - how data is collected, curated, annotated, and packaged into datasets for computer vision researchers and practitioners to use for model tuning and development. Specifically, we examine what dataset documentation communicates about the underlying values of vision data and the larger practices and goals of computer vision as a field. To conduct this study, we collected a corpus of about 500 computer vision datasets, from which we sampled 114 dataset publications across different vision tasks. Through both a structured and thematic content analysis, we document a number of values around accepted data practices, what makes desirable data, and the treatment of humans in the dataset construction process. We discuss how computer vision datasets authors value efficiency at the expense of care; universality at the expense of contextuality; impartiality at the expense of positionality; and model work at the expense of data work. Many of the silenced values we identify sit in opposition with social computing practices. We conclude with suggestions on how to better incorporate silenced values into the dataset creation and curation process.
description: CSCW 2021; 37 pages
Association of sex hormone binding globulin with gestational age and parity in gestational diabetes mellitus
Creators: name: Siddiqui, Khalid
name: George, Teena P.
name: Joy, Salini Scaria
name: Nawaz, Shaik Sarfaraz
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Recent research on sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) has emphasized its role in the prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) development. SHBG is associated with glucose tolerance status, and its level is regulated by prenatal and perinatal factors during pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the levels of SHBG in pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance and those with GDM in association with parity and gestational age (weeks). This cross-sectional study enrolled 218 pregnant women (165 controls and 53 women with GDM). Serum SHBG levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The association of SHBG with gestational age was assessed using multivariate regression analysis after adjustment for GDM-related risk factors. Parity sub-group analyses indicated the presence of significant differences in the SHBG levels between nulliparous women in the GDM and control groups (p = .04). Moreover, in the GDM group, SHBG was significantly associated with gestational age beyond the risk factors of GDM. This study demonstrated a strong association between SHBG and gestational age in women with GDM. Our findings suggest that parity and gestational age should be considered in the analysis of SHBG as a marker for GDM diagnosis.
Interaction with Virtual Prototypes in Mixed Reality
Creators: name: Kardynal, Klaudia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Virtual Prototypes, Vivian Framework, Mixed Reality, Interaction, HoloLens 2, Usability

description: In the context of this bachelor thesis, the interaction with virtual prototypes in Mixed Reality is investigated. The main content of this thesis consists of two parts. The development of three interactions to operate the virtual prototypes of the Vivian Framework with the HoloLens 2 and the subsequent evaluation of these in a usability study. The study is carried out with two groups. One group is instructed in the interaction possibilities, the other group explores them intuitively. The suitability of the interactions as well as how they can be improved based on the results of the usability study are examined. In summary, the following results arise. The hand interaction is particularly suitable for pressing buttons or placing objects in a designated place. The pointer interaction is suitable for touching and moving objects that are further away. The head interaction is rather unsuitable for interacting with small objects. Compared to the other interactions, this interaction requires the least effort to move objects.
Electron localisation in non-stoichimetric films of aluminum nitride produced by reactive sputtering
Creators: name: Fortier, Normand
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Sputtering is a very versatile process for the fabrication of thin solid Gims. The subject of this thesis concerns the study of thin films of non-stoichiometric aluminum nitride fabricated by voltage-controlled reactive sputtering. Using the cathode voltage on the sputtering target, the relative arrival rates of nitrogen and aluminum atoms on a substrate are precisely controlled. The method allows the deposition of films over a wide range of composition. This deposition technique is shown to be an extremely useful tool in the study of electron localisation in solids. This thesis will provide a contribution toward a more complete understanding of these localisation effects. As the composition of the deposited films is gradually varied from essentially pure aluminum to nearly stoichiometric aluminum nitride, the structural disorder of the resulting films is smoothly varied. This technique has permitted the observation of three distinct transport regimes. These regimes are: The Boltzmann regime, the regime of moderate disorder, and finally the regime of strong disorder. The results obtained in this work are consistent with the interpretation that an enhancement of the structural disorder is accompanied by a change in the nature of the wave functions. To each of the three transport regimes observed is attributed a specific type of wave function. In the Boltzmann regime the wave functions are the familiar Bloch waves. These wave functions are extended. In the regime of moderate disorder the wave functions are thought to be power-law localised, the envelope of the wave function decaying as a power law. Finally in the strong disorder limit the wave functions are thought to be exponentially localised. A model proposed by Kaveh and Mott in which the electron wave function is assumed to be power-law localised is shown to accurately describe the regime of moderate disorder. A simple extention of the model is shown to account for the observed free-electron behavior of the Hall effect and the thermoelectric power. A regime of strong disorder in which the electronic wave functions are thought to be exponentially localised is observed. In this regime the conductivity proceeds by variable-range-hopping: Precise measurements of the temperature dependence of the conductivity support the relation: [See Thesis for Equation]. According to the variable-range-hopping model, the form of the exponential temperature dependence should be a consequence of the relatively constant density of states at the Fermi level. The results of optical and thermoelectric power measurements support this hypothesis.
MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN THE KIDNEYS DURING THE ACUTE AND SUB-ACUTE PERIOD OF SEVERE BRAIN INJURY.
Creators: name: Khuseynova, Gulshan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This article provides information on the results of assessment of the morphological features of 3-month rats and morphological features due to a severe head of brain. Morphological analysis of rats of rats was conducted in the 1st, 3st and 7rd day after the brain injury.
Delivery room desaturations and bradycardia in the early postnatal period of healthy term neonates – a prospective observational study
Creators: name: Burgmann, D.-M
name: Foerster, K.
name: Klemme, M.
name: Delius, M.
name: Hübener, C.
name: Wisskott, R.
name: Boulesteix, A. L.
name: Flemmer, A. W.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: It has been suggested that desaturations and bradycardia precede acute life-threatening events (ALTE) and that ALTE is more common in the delivery room than later in life. However, frequency, duration and severity of desaturations in the first hours of life and additional risk factors have not readily been studied. Term neonates (n = 100) were monitored for the first two hours after birth by pulse oximetry. The impact of maternal and perinatal factors on the frequency and severity of desaturations (<85%) and bradycardia (<80/min) was evaluated. Desaturations were detected in 30%, prolonged desaturations in 25% of infants. Desaturations were observed significantly more often in infants born by planned Cesarean section (pCs) compared to other modes of delivery (pCs 20/49; others 10/51; p = .029). Desaturations were also more frequent in infants diagnosed with neonatal infection (NI) or infants born to a mother with gestational diabetes (GDM), although not significantly. No bradycardia <80/min was detected. In our collective 4% of healthy term neonates had prolonged, clinically relevant desaturations in the first hours after birth. The mode of delivery and maternal risk factors may increase the risk for these events. However, our cohort was too small to detect any ALTE or SIDS and determine potential risk factors for these events. Our data lay ground for a large-scale prospective trial to investigate whether the mode of delivery could be an indication for general pulse oximetry monitoring of newborn in the delivery room.
The transition of equation of state of effective dark energy in the DGP model with bulk contents
Creators: name: Yin, Shaoyu
name: Wang, Bin
name: Abdalla, Elcio
name: Lin, Chi-Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of the bulk contents in the DGP braneworld on the evolution of the universe. We find that although the pure DGP model cannot accommodate the transition of the effective equation of state of dark energy, once the bulk matter T^5_5 is considered, the modified model can realize the w_{eff} crossing -1. However this transition of the equation of state cannot be realized by just considering bulk-brane energy exchange or the GB effect while the bulk matter contribution is not included. T^5_5 plays the major role in the modified DGP model to have the w crossing -1 behavior. We show that our model can describe the super-acceleration of our universe with the equation of state of the effective dark energy and the Hubble parameter in agreement with observations.
description: 25 pages, 11 figures, revised version, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Change Detection in Synthetic Aperture Radar Images Using a Dual-Domain Network
Creators: name: Qu, Xiaofan
name: Gao, Feng
name: Dong, Junyu
name: Du, Qian
name: Li, Heng-Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Change detection from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is a critical yet challenging task. Existing methods mainly focus on feature extraction in spatial domain, and little attention has been paid to frequency domain. Furthermore, in patch-wise feature analysis, some noisy features in the marginal region may be introduced. To tackle the above two challenges, we propose a Dual-Domain Network. Specifically, we take features from the discrete cosine transform domain into consideration and the reshaped DCT coefficients are integrated into the proposed model as the frequency domain branch. Feature representations from both frequency and spatial domain are exploited to alleviate the speckle noise. In addition, we further propose a multi-region convolution module, which emphasizes the central region of each patch. The contextual information and central region features are modeled adaptively. The experimental results on three SAR datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Our codes are available at https://github.com/summitgao/SAR_CD_DDNet.
description: Accepted by IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Code: https://github.com/summitgao/SAR_CD_DDNet
Router Congestion Control
Creators: name: Gao, Xiaojie
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2004
Subjects: fairness
efficiency
Computer Science

description: Congestion is a natural phenomenon in any network queuing system, and is unavoidable if the queuing system is operated at capacity. In this thesis, we study how to set the rules of a queuing system so that all the users have a self interest in controlling congestion when it happens.

Queueing system is a crucial component in effective router congestion control since it determines the way packets from different sources interact with each other. If packets are dropped by the queueing system indiscriminately, in some cases, the effect can be to encourage senders to actually increase their transmission rates, worsening the congestion, and destabilizing the system.

We approach this problem from game theory. We look on each flow as a competing player in the game; each player is trying to get as much bandwidth as possible. Our task is to design a game at the router that will protect low-volume flows and punish high-volume ones. Because of the punishment, being high-volume will be counter productive, so flows will tend to use a responsive protocol as their transport-layer protocol. The key aspect of our solution is that by sending no packets from high-volume flows in case of congestion, it gives these flows an incentive to use a more responsive protocol.

In the thesis, we will describe several implementations of our solution, and show that we achieve the desired game-theoretic equilibrium while also maintaining bounded queue lengths and responding to changes in network flow conditions. Finally, we accompany the theoretical analysis with network simulations under a variety of conditions.
The interactions of muonium with silica surfaces
Creators: name: Harshman, Dale Richard
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The behavior of muonium on the surface of fine (35 Å mean radius) SiO₂ powders has been studied using the techniques of muon spin rotation (μSR). Results indicate diffusion and trapping behavior of the muonium atoms on the silica surface, which is strongly influenced by the concentration of surface hydroxyl groups. Specifically, the presence of the surface hydroxyl groups has been shown to inhibit the motion of muonium on the silica surface. These studies have also provided information regarding the origin of the relaxation of the muon spin polarization for muonium on the silica surface. Specifically, a random anisotropic distortion of the muonium hyperfine interaction, induced by the local surface environment of the muonium atom, has been shown to be a principal contributor to the relaxation of the muon ensemble spin polarization, whereas the random local magnetic fields due to the neighboring hydroxyl protons were found to play only a minor role. From this result, the observed strong dependence of the relaxation on the surface hydroxyl concentration has been attributed to an associated hyperfine distortion, induced by the neighboring hydroxyls. A new spin relaxation theory, for the case of random anisotropic hyperfine distortions, has also been developed to explain the data. Gas adsorption isotherm studies were also performed, with ⁴He at 6 K, which show the muonium asymmetry to be strongly influenced by the fractional surface coverage. These results clearly indicate that the muonium formation probability decreases with increasing surface coverage, suggesting that the charge exchange cross section at the silica surface is significant. The implication of these results with regard to the origins of muonium formation (i.e., surface or bulk formation) is as yet unclear, however, since the precise role played by the adsorbed helium atoms is not known. These investigations have also been extended to platinum loaded silica, where the first surface reaction of muonium has been observed; the reaction rate of muonium with the surface of oxygen-covered platinum microcrystals was found to be 3.5 ± 0.15 μs⁻¹.
Progress Toward the Total Synthesis of Salvadione-A and Related Diterpenoids
Creators: name: Greene, Blake Bennet
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2004
Subjects: Chemistry

description: Herein, we report our progress toward the total synthesis of salvadione-A, a structurally complex triterpenoid isolated from Salvia bucharica. We document a model system of our tandem Claisen/Cope/Diels-Alder strategy. Additionally, we describe the evolution of our strategy toward the synthesis of three structurally related diterpenoids-coulterone, cyclocoulterone, and komaroviquinone--from a cyclopropanation/Friedel-Crafts route to an anionic homo-Fries/intramolecular Barbier cyclization pathway.
Impacts of Time-of-Use Rate Changes on the Electricity Bills of Commercial Consumers
Creators: name: Smith, Lane D.
name: Kirschen, Daniel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Changes in the profile of prices in wholesale electricity markets prompt utilities to redesign their tariffs and adjust their time-of-use periods to ensure a more adequate cost recovery. However, changing the rate structures could adversely affect commercial consumers by increasing their electricity bills and hindering their ability to reduce costs using techniques like net energy metering. As time-of-use periods are adjusted, consumers will need to rely on the flexibility of distributed energy resources to achieve cost reductions. This paper explores the effect that Pacific Gas and Electric Company's redesigned rates have on the electricity bills of consumers with different demand profiles. Sensitivity analyses are conducted to examine the effect of asset sizing on reducing costs under each tariff.
description: Accepted to the 2021 IEEE Power and Energy Society (PES) General Meeting
Analysis of experimental design errors in elementary school: how do students identify, interpret, and justify controlled and confounded experiments?
Creators: name: Schwichow, Martin
name: Brandenburger, Martina
name: Brandenburger
name: Wilbers, Jens
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Designing and interpreting controlled experiments are important inquiry skills addressed in many current science curricula. The relevant skills associated with the design and interpretation of controlled experiments are summarised under the term control-of-variables strategy (CVS). Research on elementary school students’ CVS skills shows that they have basic conceptions of CVS, as they can correctly identify controlled experiments to test given hypotheses and can interpret the results of controlled experiments. However, they perform poorly when they have to plan experiments and interpret confounded experiments. Furthermore, previous research has identified eight misleading preconceptions regarding CVS that cause invalid experimental designs, called design errors. The current study investigates the occurrence and change of design errors during elementary school and their consistency over different tasks. Via a latent class analysis (LCA), we identified three distinct patterns of design errors: (1) correct CVS understanding, (2) change of too many variables and (3) non-contrastive experiments. Our results show that many students as low as grade two have a basic understanding of CVS and that occurring design errors are associated with limited metaconceptual knowledge about when and why to apply CVS. We discuss possible implications of our findings for teaching CVS and further research.
Mutually unbiased bases, orthogonal Latin squares, and hidden-variable models
Creators: name: Paterek, Tomasz
name: Dakic, Borivoje
name: Brukner, Caslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mutually unbiased bases encapsulate the concept of complementarity - the impossibility of simultaneous knowledge of certain observables - in the formalism of quantum theory. Although this concept is at the heart of quantum mechanics, the number of these bases is unknown except for systems of dimension being a power of a prime. We develop the relation between this physical problem and the mathematical problem of finding the number of mutually orthogonal Latin squares. We derive in a simple way all known results about the unbiased bases, find their lower number, and disprove the existence of certain forms of the bases in dimensions different than power of a prime. Using the Latin squares, we construct hidden-variable models which efficiently simulate results of complementary quantum measurements.
description: Published version
Axion-like particles, two-Higgs-doublet models, leptoquarks, and the electron and muon g-2
Creators: name: Keung, Wai-Yee
name: Marfatia, Danny
name: Tseng, Po-Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Data from the Muon g-2 experiment and measurements of the fine structure constant suggest that the anomalous magnetic moments of the muon and electron are at odds with standard model expectations. We survey the ability of axion-like-particles, two-Higgs-doublet models and leptoquarks to explain the discrepancies. We find that accounting for other constraints, all scenarios except the Type-I, Type-II and Type-Y two-Higgs-doublet models fit the data well.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables
A Simple Model for Pulse Profiles from Precessing Pulsars, with Special Application to Relativistic Binary PSR B1913+16
Creators: name: Clifton, Timothy
name: Weisberg, Joel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the observable pulse profiles that can be generated from precessing pulsars. A novel coordinate system is defined to aid visualization of the observing geometry. Using this system we explore the different families of profiles that can be generated by simple, circularly symmetric beam shapes. An attempt is then made to fit our model to the observations of relativistic binary PSR B1913+16. It is found that while qualitatively similar pulse profiles can be produced, this minimal model is insufficient for an accurate match to the observational data. Consequently, we confirm that the emission beam of PSR B1913+16 must deviate from circular symmetry, as first reported by Weisberg and Taylor. However, the approximate fits obtained suggest that it may be sufficient to consider only minimal deviations from a circular beam in order to explain the data. We also comment on the applicability of our analysis technique to other precessing pulsars, both binary and isolated.
description: 35 pages and 8 figures. Published version
Coarse- and fine-scale geometric information content of Multiclass Classification and implied Data-driven Intelligence
Creators: name: Hsieh, Fushing
name: Wang, Xiaodong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Under any Multiclass Classification (MCC) setting defined by a collection of labeled point-cloud specified by a feature-set, we extract only stochastic partial orderings from all possible triplets of point-cloud without explicitly measuring the three cloud-to-cloud distances. We demonstrate that such a collective of partial ordering can efficiently compute a label embedding tree geometry on the Label-space. This tree in turn gives rise to a predictive graph, or a network with precisely weighted linkages. Such two multiscale geometries are taken as the coarse scale information content of MCC. They indeed jointly shed lights on explainable knowledge on why and how labeling comes about and facilitates error-free prediction with potential multiple candidate labels supported by data. For revealing within-label heterogeneity, we further undergo labeling naturally found clusters within each point-cloud, and likewise derive multiscale geometry as its fine-scale information content contained in data. This fine-scale endeavor shows that our computational proposal is indeed scalable to a MCC setting having a large label-space. Overall the computed multiscale collective of data-driven patterns and knowledge will serve as a basis for constructing visible and explainable subject matter intelligence regarding the system of interest.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Kernel Level Distributed Inter-Process Communication System (KDIPC)
Creators: name: Țăpuș, Cristian
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2004
Subjects: distributed shared memory
distributed shared semaphores
Computer Science
distributed systems
Linux kernel level

description: This thesis presents a kernel level distributed inter-process communication library (KDIPC) with support for distributed shared memory and distributed semaphores. KDIPC uses the System V inter-process communication programming interface and enhances it to provide functionality in distributed environments. The library uses a sequential consistency model for shared memory that provides ease of programming and preserves the semantics of parallel programs.  A key feature of KDIPC is the use of the semaphore interface to support distributed synchronization. The implementation is done at the Linux kernel level to reduce the overhead induced by the strict consistency model.

The thesis also investigates several protocols for maintaining sequential consistency, and for providing location discovery of remote copies of shared memory segments and semaphores.  A case-study illustrates the benefits of KDIPC as compared to other inter-process communication libraries, such as the ease  of programming provided by the sequential consistency model.  Various details related to the implementation, the challenges encountered, and the benefits and disadvantages of using the different protocols are also presented.

Future avenues of research include the use of speculative execution to improve the performance of the protocol used to maintain sequential consistency, the development of a distributed file system on top of the shared memory system, and the implementation of applications from applied sciences that would benefit from using the simple synchronization and sharing mechanisms of KDIPC.
title: Acute Sialadenitis: Post Covid-19 vaccination
Creators: name: Dev, Rahul
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Head & neck imaging
subject: Anatomy
subject: Ear / Nose / Throat
subject: Head and neck
subject: MR
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 46 years old woman presented with painful bilateral preauricular swelling more evident on right side and increasing for last week, post COVID-19 vaccination. On physical examination, there was a firm, indurated, tender non-fluctuant swelling at level of parotid glands. No associated overlying skin changes and no associated systemic complaints.

description: 46 years, female
Prevalence of the number of pre-gestational diagnoses and trends in the United States in 2006 and 2016
Creators: name: Cao, Suzanne
name: Dong, Fanglong
name: Okekpe, C. Camille
name: Dombrovsky, Inessa
name: Valenzuela, Guillermo J.
name: Roloff, Kristina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: There is a trend in reproductive-aged women to live with more chronic conditions, likely resulting in pregnancies complicated by one or more pre-gestational diagnoses. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of women with pre-gestational diagnoses and pregnancy-related complications, and assess the trends of pre-gestational diagnoses between two time-points, ten-years apart from 2006 to 2016. We abstracted pregnant patients from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s National Inpatient Sample by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality in 2006 and 2016. We classified diagnosis codes, ICD 9 for 2006 and ICD 10 for 2016, as pre-gestational diagnoses or as pregnancy-related complications. Descriptive statistics were presented as frequencies and proportions for categorical variables. Chi-square analysis was performed. All statistical analyses were two-sided and p-value Between 2006 and 2016, the percentage of patients with at least one pre-gestational diagnoses increased from 35.3% in 2006 to 53.8% in 2016 (p p The percent of patients entering pregnancy with any pre-gestational diagnosis has increased, along with the number of pregnancy-related complications. Future research is needed to understand the effects of these diagnoses in combination and the possible impact on pregnancy outcomes.
Delivery room desaturations and bradycardia in the early postnatal period of healthy term neonates – a prospective observational study
Creators: name: Burgmann, D.-M
name: Foerster, K.
name: Klemme, M.
name: Delius, M.
name: Hübener, C.
name: Wiskott, R.
name: Boulesteix, A. L.
name: Flemmer, A. W.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Objective: It has been suggested that desaturations and bradycardia precede acute life-threatening events (ALTE) and that ALTE is more common in the delivery room than later in life. However, frequency, duration and severity of desaturations in the first hours of life and additional risk factors have not readily been studied. Methods: Term neonates (n = 100) were monitored for the first two hours after birth by pulse oximetry. The impact of maternal and perinatal factors on the frequency and severity of desaturations (<85%) and bradycardia (<80/min) was evaluated. Results: Desaturations were detected in 30%, prolonged desaturations in 25% of infants. Desaturations were observed significantly more often in infants born by planned Cesarean section (pCs) compared to other modes of delivery (pCs 20/49; others 10/51; p = .029). Desaturations were also more frequent in infants diagnosed with neonatal infection (NI) or infants born to a mother with gestational diabetes (GDM), although not significantly. No bradycardia <80/min was detected. Conclusions: In our collective 4% of healthy term neonates had prolonged, clinically relevant desaturations in the first hours after birth. The mode of delivery and maternal risk factors may increase the risk for these events. However, our cohort was too small to detect any ALTE or SIDS and determine potential risk factors for these events. Our data lay ground for a large-scale prospective trial to investigate whether the mode of delivery could be an indication for general pulse oximetry monitoring of newborn in the delivery room.
Tunable terahertz plasmons in graphite thin films
Creators: name: Xing, Qiaoxia
name: Song, Chaoyu
name: Wang, Chong
name: Xie, Yuangang
name: Huang, Shenyang
name: Wang, Fanjie
name: Lei, Yuchen
name: Yuan, Xiang
name: Zhang, Cheng
name: Mu, Lei
name: Huang, Yuan
name: Xiu, Faxian
name: Yan, Hugen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tunable terahertz plasmons are essential for reconfigurable photonics, which have been demonstrated in graphene through gating, though with relatively weak responses. Here, we demonstrate strong terahertz plasmons in graphite thin films via infrared spectroscopy, with dramatic tunability by even a moderate temperature change or an in-situ bias voltage. Meanwhile, through magneto-plasmon studies, we reveal that massive electrons and massless Dirac holes make comparable contributions to the plasmon response. Our study not only sets up a platform for further exploration of two-component plasmas, but also opens an avenue for terahertz modulation through electrical bias or all-optical means.
Supporting Figures and Captions from CLARITY: comparing heterogeneous data using dissimilarity
Creators: name: Lawson, Daniel J.
name: Solanki, Vinesh
name: Yanovich, Igor
name: Dellert, Johannes
name: Ruck, Damian
name: Endicott, Phillip
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: All Supporting Figures 1,3-9 including captions
Lithium intercalation in crystalline Li MoS₂
Creators: name: Mulhern, Peter John
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis reports the first successful synthesis of highly crystalline Li[sub x]MoS₂, and describes the electrochemical and structural properties of this material. Five crystal phases were found when the lithium content was varied between x≃O and x-1 by electrochemical intercalation. Each phase existed over a small range of x, and the crystal lattices were found to have small triclinic or monoclinic distortions from 1T-hexagonal symmetry. These discoveries have resolved a controversy in the literature. Many references have claimed that crystalline MoS₂ disproportionates when the lithium content exceeds x≃0.2, while others have claimed an electrochemically produced MoS₂ polytype is an intercalation host with Δx≃1. A strong correspondence has been found between the properties of the electrochemically produced host and the crystalline 1T- Li[sub x]MoS₂.
High-Throughput VLSI architecture for Soft-Decision decoding with ORBGRAND
Creators: name: Abbas, Syed Mohsin
name: Tonnellier, Thibaud
name: Ercan, Furkan
name: Jalaleddine, Marwan
name: Gross, Warren J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) is a recently proposed approximate Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding technique that can decode any linear error-correcting block code. Ordered Reliability Bits GRAND (ORBGRAND) is a powerful variant of GRAND, which outperforms the original GRAND technique by generating error patterns in a specific order. Moreover, their simplicity at the algorithm level renders GRAND family a desirable candidate for applications that demand very high throughput. This work reports the first-ever hardware architecture for ORBGRAND, which achieves an average throughput of up to $42.5$ Gbps for a code length of $128$ at an SNR of $10$ dB. Moreover, the proposed hardware can be used to decode any code provided the length and rate constraints. Compared to the state-of-the-art fast dynamic successive cancellation flip decoder (Fast-DSCF) using a 5G polar $(128,105)$ code, the proposed VLSI implementation has $49\times$ more average throughput while maintaining similar decoding performance.
description: Please note that a mislabeling in Fig. 1 has occurred in the IEEE Xplore version of this paper. This error has been corrected in this version of the manuscript. (Accepted in ICASSP 2021)
Hot subdwarfs from the surviving companions of the white dwarf + main-sequence channel of Type Ia supernovae
Creators: name: Meng, Xiangcun
name: Luo, Yangpin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some surviving companions of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the white-dwarf + main-sequence (WD + MS) channel may evolve to hot subdwarfs. In this paper, we preformed stellar evolution calculations for surviving companions of close WD + MS systems in the spin-up/spin-down model and the canonical non-rotating model to map out the initial parameter spaces in the orbital period - secondary mass plane in which the surviving companions can evolve to hot subdwarfs. Based on these results, we carried out a series of binary population synthesis calculation to obtain the Galactic birth rate of the hot subdwarfs from the WD + MS channel, which is $2.3-6\times10^{\rm -4}\,{\rm yr}^{\rm -1}$ for the spin-up/spin-down model and $0.7-3\times10^{\rm -4}\,{\rm yr}^{\rm -1}$ for the canonical non-rotating model. We also show the distributions of some integral properties of the hot subdwarfs, e.g. the mass and the space velocity, for different models. In addition, comparing our results with the observations of the intermediate helium-rich (iHe-rich) hot subdwarfs, the hot subdwarfs from the WD + MS channel may explain some observational features of the iHe-rich hot subdwarfs, especially for those from the spin-up/spin-down model. Although we expect that the SN Ia channel can only contribute a small fraction of the iHe-rich hot subdwarf population, some of these may help to explain cases with unusual kinematics.
description: 20 figures. Published by MNRAS
Supporting Figure 2 from CLARITY: comparing heterogeneous data using dissimilarity
Creators: name: Lawson, Daniel J.
name: Solanki, Vinesh
name: Yanovich, Igor
name: Dellert, Johannes
name: Ruck, Damian
name: Endicott, Phillip
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Figure S 2 Residual charts for either direction of prediction, for each complexity k for the CLARITY analysis in Figure 7 in Section 2.6. This type of chart is of the same type as the CLARITY residuals chart in Figure 8(c) discussed in Section 2.7.