cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Reaching the chiral limit in many flavor systems
Creators: name: Hasenfratz, Anna
name: Cheng, Anqi
name: Petropoulos, Gregory
name: Schaich, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a brief overview of our recent lattice studies of SU(3) gauge theory with N_f = 8 and 12 fundamental fermions, including some new and yet-unpublished results. To explore relatively unfamiliar systems beyond lattice QCD, we carry out a wide variety of investigations with the goal of synthesizing the results to better understand the non-perturbative dynamics of these systems. All our findings are consistent with conformal infrared dynamics in the 12-flavor system, but with 8 flavors we observe puzzling behavior that requires further investigation. Our new Monte Carlo renormalization group technique exploits the Wilson flow to obtain more direct predictions of a 12-flavor IR fixed point. Studies of N_f = 12 bulk and finite-temperature transitions also indicate IR conformality, while our current results for the 8-flavor phase diagram do not yet provide clear signs of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking. From the Dirac eigenvalue spectrum we extract the mass anomalous dimension gamma_m, and predict gamma*_m = 0.32(3) at the 12-flavor fixed point. The N_f = 8 system again shows interesting behavior, with a large anomalous dimension across a wide range of energy scales. We use the eigenvalue density to predict the chiral condensate, and compare this approach with direct and partially-quenched measurements.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures; Contribution to SCGT12 "KMI-GCOE Workshop on Strong Coupling Gauge Theories in the LHC Perspective", 4-7 Dec. 2012, Nagoya University
Modeling of Tropical Forcing of Persistent Droughts and Pluvials over Western North America: 1856–2000
Creators: name: Seager, Richard
name: Kushnir, Yochanan
name: Herweijer, Celine
name: Naik, Naomi H.
name: Velez, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Droughts
Precipitation (Meteorology)
Ocean temperature
Climatic changes--Models

description: The causes of persistent droughts and wet periods, or pluvials, over western North America are examined in model simulations of the period from 1856 to 2000. The simulations used either (i) global sea surface temperature data as a lower boundary condition or (ii) observed data in just the tropical Pacific and computed the surface ocean temperature elsewhere with a simple ocean model. With both arrangements, the model was able to simulate many aspects of the low-frequency (periods greater than 6 yr) variations of precipitation over the Great Plains and in the American Southwest including much of the nineteenth- century variability, the droughts of the 1930s (the “Dust Bowl”) and 1950s, and the very wet period in the 1990s. Results indicate that the persistent droughts and pluvials were ultimately forced by persistent varia- tions of tropical Pacific surface ocean temperatures. It is argued that ocean temperature variations outside of the tropical Pacific, but forced from the tropical Pacific, act to strengthen the droughts and pluvials. The persistent precipitation variations are part of a pattern of global variations that have a strong hemispheri- cally and zonally symmetric component, which is akin to interannual variability, and that can be explained in terms of interactions between tropical ocean temperature variations, the subtropical jets, transient eddies, and the eddy-driven mean meridional circulation. Rossby wave propagation poleward and eastward from the tropical Pacific heating anomalies disrupts the zonal symmetry, intensifying droughts and pluvials over North America. Both mechanisms of tropical driving of extratropical precipitation variations work in summer as well as winter and can explain the year-round nature of the precipitation variations. In addition, land–atmosphere interactions over North America appear important by (i) translating winter precipitation variations into summer evaporation and, hence, precipitation anomalies and (ii) shifting the northward flow of moisture around the North Atlantic subtropical anticyclone eastward from the Plains and Southwest to the eastern seaboard and western Atlantic Ocean.
title: Device for gear selection in the gearbox crane mechanisms
Creators: name: Remizovich, Yu.V.
name: Abdulaeva, O.V.
Publisher: name: Scientific Research Centre "MachineStructure"
Year: 2019

description: A device for gear shifting in a gearbox with composite gears, in which the couplings are built on the basis of rolling elements, is proposed and justified. For the speed of this device, the drive is carried out from a stepper motor using a combination of a screw pair and a wedge mechanism on the motor shaft with an increase in the control effect on the coupling.
Model projections of an imminent transition to a more arid climate in southwestern North America
Creators: name: Seager, Richard
name: Ting, Mingfang
name: Held, Isaac
name: Kushnir, Yochanan
name: Lu, Jian
name: Vecchi, Gabriel
name: Huang, Huei-Ping
name: Harnik, Nili
name: Leetmaa, Ants
name: Lau, Ngar-Cheung
name: Li, Cuihua
name: Velez, Jennifer
name: Naik, Naomi H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Hydrologic cycle
Climatic changes
Climatology
Arid regions

description: How anthropogenic climate change will affect hydroclimate in the arid regions of southwestern North America has implications for the allocation of water resources and the course of regional development. Here we show that there is a broad consensus among climate models that this region will dry in the 21st century and that the transition to a more arid climate should already be under way. If these models are correct, the levels of aridity of the recent multiyear drought or the Dust Bowl and the 1950s droughts will become the new climatology of the American Southwest within a time frame of years to decades.
Spatially unassociated galaxies contribute significantly to the blended submillimetre galaxy population: predictions for follow-up observations of ALMA sources
Creators: name: Hayward, Christopher C.
name: Behroozi, Peter S.
name: Somerville, Rachel S.
name: Primack, Joel R.
name: Moreno, Jorge
name: Wechsler, Risa H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is anecdotal evidence that spatially and physically unassociated galaxies blended into a single submillimetre (submm) source contribute to the submm galaxy (SMG) population. This work is the first to theoretically predict the number counts of such sources. We generate mock SMG catalogues using lightcones derived from the Bolshoi cosmological simulation; to assign submm flux densities to the mock galaxies, we use a fitting function previously derived from the results of dust radiative transfer performed on hydrodynamical simulations of isolated disc and merging galaxies. We then calculate submm number counts for different beam sizes and without blending. We predict that > ~50 per cent of blended SMGs have at least one spatially unassociated component with S_850 > 1 mJy. For a 15-arcsec beam, blends of >2 galaxies in which at least one component is spatially unassociated dominate the blended sources with total S_850 > ~3 mJy. The distribution of the redshift separations amongst the components is strongly bimodal. The typical redshift separation of spatially unassociated blended sources is ~1. Our predictions for the contributions of spatially unassociated components and the distribution of redshift separations are not testable with currently available data, but they will be easily tested once sufficiently accurate redshifts for the individual subcomponents (resolved by, e.g., ALMA) of a sufficient number of single-dish-detected blended SMGs are available.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 11 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Coated inclusions of finite conductivity neutral to multiple fields in two dimensional conductivity or anti-plane elasticity
Creators: name: Kang, Hyeonbae
name: Lee, Hyundae
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J15, 35Q74

description: We consider the problem of neutral inclusions for two-dimensional conductivity and anti-plane elasticity. The neutral inclusion, when inserted in a matrix having a uniform field, does not disturb the field outside the inclusion. The inclusion consists of a core and a shell. We show that if the inclusion is neutral to two linearly independent fields, then the core and the shell are confocal ellipses.
Adjustment of the atmospheric circulation to tropical Pacific SST anomalies: Variability of transient eddy propagation in the Pacific–North America sector
Creators: name: Seager, Richard
name: Naik, Naomi H.
name: Ting, Mingfang
name: Cane, Mark A.
name: Harnik, Nili
name: Kushnir, Yochanan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Atmospheric circulation
Atmospheric circulation--Models
Ocean temperature
Ocean circulation--Models

description: El Nin ̃o–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related precipitation anomalies in North America are related to changes in the paths of storm systems across the Pacific Ocean, with a more southern route into southwestern North America during El Nin ̃os and a more northern route into the Pacific Northwest during La Ninas. Daily reanalysis data are analyzed to confirm these changes. Seasonal mean upper tropospheric eddy statistics show, for El Ninos (La Ninas), a pattern that is shifted southward (northward) compared with climatology. Paths of coherent phase propagation of transient eddies and of the propagation of wave packets are analyzed. A coherent path of propagation across the Pacific towards North America is identified that is more zonal during El Nin ̃o winters and, during La Ninas, has a dominant path heading northeastward to the Pacific Northwest. A second path heading southeastward from the central Pacific to the tropical east Pacific is more accentuated during La Ninas than El Ninos. These changes in wave propagation are reproduced in an ensemble of seasonal integrations of a general circulation model forced by a tropical Pacific sea-surface temperature pattern, confirming that the changes are forced by changes in the mean atmospheric state arising from changes in tropical sea-surface temperature. A simplified model with a specified basic state is used to model the storm tracks for El Nino and La Nina winters. The results suggest that the changes in transient eddy propagation and the eddy statistics can be understood in terms oftherefractionoftransienteddieswithindifferentbasicstates.
Improving transcriptome assembly through error correction of high-throughput sequence reads
Creators: name: MacManes, Matthew D
name: Eisen, Michael B
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The study of functional genomics--particularly in non-model organisms has been dramatically improved over the last few years by use of transcriptomes and RNAseq. While these studies are potentially extremely powerful, a computationally intensive procedure--the de novo construction of a reference transcriptome must be completed as a prerequisite to further analyses. The accurate reference is critically important as all downstream steps, including estimating transcript abundance are critically dependent on the construction of an accurate reference. Though a substantial amount of research has been done on assembly, only recently have the pre-assembly procedures been studied in detail. Specifically, several stand-alone error correction modules have been reported on, and while they have shown to be effective in reducing errors at the level of sequencing reads, how error correction impacts assembly accuracy is largely unknown. Here, we show via use of a simulated dataset, that applying error correction to sequencing reads has significant positive effects on assembly accuracy, by reducing assembly error by nearly 50%, and therefore should be applied to all datasets.
description: version 3 added PE reads and an empirical dataset
title: The longitudinal components of the normal reaction of the support surface to the wheel
Creators: name: Balakina, E.V.
name: Golubeva, T.A.
name: Sarbaev, D.S.
Publisher: name: Scientific Research Centre "MachineStructure"
Year: 2019

description: This article presents the longitudinal components of the normal reaction of a solid supporting surface to an elastic wheel and expressions for their determination. The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 19-08-00011.
Is the Gulf Stream responsible for Europe's mild winters?
Creators: name: Seager, Richard
name: Battisti, David S.
name: Yin, J.
name: Gordon, N.
name: Naik, Naomi H.
name: Clement, A. C.
name: Cane, Mark A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Atmospheric circulation
Ocean temperature
Ocean-atmosphere interaction
Winter

description: Is the transport of heat northward by the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift, and its subsequent release into the midlatitude westerlies, the reason why Europe’s winters are so much milder than those of eastern North America and other places at the same latitude? Here, it is shown that the principal cause of this temperature difference is advection by the mean winds. South-westerlies bring warm maritime air into Europe and north-westerlies bring frigid continental air into north-eastern North America. Further, analysis of the ocean surface heat budget shows that the majority of the heat released during winter from the ocean to the atmosphere is accounted for by the seasonal release of heat previously absorbed and not by ocean heat-flux convergence. Therefore, the existence of the winter temperature contrast between western Europe and eastern North America does not require a dynamical ocean. Two experiments with an atmospheric general-circulation model coupled to an ocean mixed layer confirm this conclusion. The difference in winter temperatures across the North Atlantic, and the difference between western Europe and western North America, is essentially the same in these models whether or not the movement of heat by the ocean is accounted for. In an additional experiment with no mountains, the flow across the ocean is more zonal, western Europe is cooled, the trough east of the Rockies is weakened and the cold of north-eastern North America is ameliorated. In all experiments the west coast of Europe is warmer than the west coast of North America at the same latitude whether or not ocean heat transport is accounted for. In summary the deviations from zonal symmetry of winter temperatures in the northern hemisphere are fundamentally caused by the atmospheric circulation interacting with the oceanic mixed layer.
Interpretable Multi-View Clustering
Creators: name: Jiang, Mudi
name: Hu, Lianyu
name: He, Zengyou
name: Chen, Zhikui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6

description: Multi-view clustering has become a significant area of research, with numerous methods proposed over the past decades to enhance clustering accuracy. However, in many real-world applications, it is crucial to demonstrate a clear decision-making process-specifically, explaining why samples are assigned to particular clusters. Consequently, there remains a notable gap in developing interpretable methods for clustering multi-view data. To fill this crucial gap, we make the first attempt towards this direction by introducing an interpretable multi-view clustering framework. Our method begins by extracting embedded features from each view and generates pseudo-labels to guide the initial construction of the decision tree. Subsequently, it iteratively optimizes the feature representation for each view along with refining the interpretable decision tree. Experimental results on real datasets demonstrate that our method not only provides a transparent clustering process for multi-view data but also delivers performance comparable to state-of-the-art multi-view clustering methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort to design an interpretable clustering framework specifically for multi-view data, opening a new avenue in this field.
description: 12 pages,6 figures
Determination of z~0.8 neutral hydrogen fluctuations using the 21 cm intensity mapping auto-correlation
Creators: name: Switzer, E. R.
name: Masui, K. W.
name: Bandura, K.
name: Calin, L. -M.
name: Chang, T. -C.
name: Chen, X. -L.
name: Li, Y. -C.
name: Liao, Y. -W.
name: Natarajan, A.
name: Pen, U. -L.
name: Peterson, J. B.
name: Shaw, J. R.
name: Voytek, T. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The large-scale distribution of neutral hydrogen in the Universe will be luminous through its 21 cm emission. Here, for the first time, we use the auto-power spectrum of 21 cm intensity fluctuations to constrain neutral hydrogen fluctuations at z~0.8. Our data were acquired with the Green Bank Telescope and span the redshift range 0.6 < z < 1 over two fields totalling ~41 deg. sq. and 190 h of radio integration time. The dominant synchrotron foregrounds exceed the signal by ~10^3, but have fewer degrees of freedom and can be removed efficiently. Even in the presence of residual foregrounds, the auto-power can still be interpreted as an upper bound on the 21 cm signal. Our previous measurements of the cross-correlation of 21 cm intensity and the WiggleZ galaxy survey provide a lower bound. Through a Bayesian treatment of signal and foregrounds, we can combine both fields in auto- and cross-power into a measurement of Omega_HI b_HI = [0.62^{+0.23}_{-0.15}] * 10^{-3} at 68% confidence with 9% systematic calibration uncertainty, where Omega_HI is the neutral hydrogen (HI) fraction and b_HI is the HI bias parameter. We describe observational challenges with the present data set and plans to overcome them.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. v2 as published; MNRASL (2013)
Mechanisms of Hemispherically Symmetric Climate Variability
Creators: name: Seager, Richard
name: Harnik, Nili
name: Kushnir, Yochanan
name: Robinson, Walter A.
name: Miller, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Hydrology
Ocean-atmosphere interaction
Southern oscillation
Precipitation variability

description: Inspired by paleoclimate evidence that much past climate change has been symmetric about the equator, the causes of hemispherically symmetric variability in the recent observational record are examined using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis dataset and numerical models. It was found that the dominant cause of hemispherically symmetric variability is the El Nino–Southern Oscillation. During an El Nino event the Tropics warm at all longitudes and the subtropical jets in both hemi- spheres strengthen on their equatorward flanks. Poleward of the tropical warming there are latitude belts of marked cooling, extending from the surface to the tropopause in both hemispheres, at all longitudes and in all seasons. The midlatitude cooling is caused by changes in the eddy-driven mean meridional circulation. Changes in the transient eddy momentum fluxes during an El Nino event force upper-tropospheric ascent in midlatitudes through a balance between the eddy fluxes and the Coriolis torque. The eddy-driven ascent causes anomalous adiabatic cooling, which is primarily balanced by anomalous diabatic heating. Using a quasigeostrophic spherical model, forced by an imposed surface eddy disturbance of chosen wave- number and frequency, it is shown that the anomalous eddy momentum fluxes are caused by the impact that the changes in the tropically forced subtropical jets have on the propagation in the latitude–height plane of transient eddies. Changes in zonal winds, and associated changes in the meridional gradient of potential vorticity, create an anomalous region of low meridional wavenumber in the midlatitudes that refracts waves away both poleward and equatorward. Tropical forcing of variability in the eddy-driven mean meridional circulation is another way, in addition to Rossby wave teleconnections, whereby the Tropics can influence extratropical climate. Unlike teleconnections this mechanism causes climate variability that has strong zonally and hemispherically symmetric components and operates throughout the seasonal cycle.
title: Comparative tests on fuel efficiency of a vehicle equipped with an ICE and a mechanical continuously variable transmission. Brief notes
Creators: name: Yurkevich, A.V.
name: Soldatkin, V.A.
name: Tereshin, A.V.
name: Yurkevich, I.A.
Publisher: name: Scientific Research Centre "MachineStructure"
Year: 2019

description: The fuel consumption test data of a test mule with a mechanical continuously variable transmission and step-by-step gearbox are presented. For the first time, the possibility of increasing the fuel efficiency of a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine and a mechanical continuously variable transmission by separate controlling the forcing function and engine crankshaft speed has been experimentally proved.
title: Statistics and types of failures of traction electric motors of electric locomotives
Creators: name: Sannikov, A.S.
name: Chubarev, V.E.
name: Kolmakov, V.O.
Publisher: name: Scientific Research Centre "MachineStructure"
Year: 2019

description: The analysis of failures and damages of the equipment of the electric locomotives consisting on the Russian railway shows that the group of the most vulnerable objects includes traction electric motors. The introduction of a reliable and efficient monitoring system capable of detecting deviations from the normal operating parameters of engines can help to reduce the number of failures.
Finite size corrections to the large deviation function of the density in the one dimensional symmetric simple exclusion process
Creators: name: Derrida, B.
name: Retaux, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The symmetric simple exclusion process is one of the simplest out-of-equilibrium systems for which the steady state is known. Its large deviation functional of the density has been computed in the past both by microscopic and macroscopic approaches. Here we obtain the leading finite size correction to this large deviation functional. The result is compared to the similar corrections for equilibrium systems.
Mechanisms of ENSO-forcing of hemispherically symmetric precipitation variability
Creators: name: Seager, Richard
name: Harnik, Nili
name: Robinson, W. A.
name: Kushnir, Yochanan
name: Ting, Mingfang
name: Huang, Huei-Ping
name: Velez, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Hydrology
Ocean-atmosphere interaction
Southern oscillation
Precipitation variability

description: The patterns of precipitation anomalies forced by the El Nin ̃o–Southern Oscillation during northern hemisphere winter and spring are remarkably hemispherically symmetric and, in the midlatitudes, have a prominent zonally symmetric component. Observations of global precipitation variability and the moisture budget within atmospheric reanalyses are examined to argue that the zonally symmetric component is caused by interactions between transient eddies and tropically-forced changes in the subtropical jets. During El Nino events the jets strengthen in each hemisphere and shift equatorward. Changes in the subtropical jet influence the transient-eddy momentum fluxes and the eddy-driven mean meridional circulation. During El Nino events, eddy-driven ascent in the midlatitudes of each hemisphere is accompanied by low-level convergence and brings increased precipitation. These changes in the transient-eddy and stationary-eddy moisture fluxes almost exactly cancel each other and, in sum, do not contribute to the zonal-mean precipitation anomalies. Propagation of anomalous stationary waves disrupts the zonal symmetry. Flow around the deeper Aleutian Low and the eastward extension of the Pacific jet stream supply the moisture for increased precipitation over the eastern North Pacific and the western seaboard of the United States, while transient-eddy moisture convergence supplies the moisture for increased precipitation over the southern United States. In each case, increased precipitation is fundamentally caused by anomalous ascent forced by anomalous heat and vorticity fluxes.
Exact solution of Dynamical Mean-Field Theory for a linear system with annealed disorder
Creators: name: Ferraro, Francesco
name: Grilletta, Christian
name: Maritan, Amos
name: Suweis, Samir
name: Azaele, Sandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a disordered multi-dimensional linear system in which the interaction parameters vary stochastically in time with defined temporal correlations. We refer to this type of disorder as "annealed", in contrast to quenched disorder in which couplings are fixed in time. We extend Dynamical Mean-Field Theory to accommodate annealed disorder and employ it to find the exact solution of the linear model in the limit of a large number of degrees of freedom. Our analysis yields analytical results for the non-stationary auto-correlation, the stationary variance, the power spectral density, and the phase diagram of the model. Interestingly, some unexpected features emerge upon changing the correlation time of the interactions. The stationary variance of the system and the critical variance of the disorder are generally found to be a non-monotonic function of the correlation time of the interactions. We also find that in some cases a re-entrant phase transition takes place when this correlation time is varied.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
Projections of declining surface-water availability for the southwestern United States
Creators: name: Seager, Richard
name: Ting, Mingfang
name: Li, Cuihua
name: Naik, Naomi H.
name: Cook, Benjamin I.
name: Nakamura, Jennifer A.
name: Liu, Haibo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Hydrology
Climatology
Climatic changes

description: Global warming driven by rising greenhouse-gas concentrations is expected to cause wet regions of the tropics and mid to high latitudes to get wetter and subtropical dry regions to get drier and expand polewards. Over southwest North America, models project a steady drop in precipitation minus evapotranspiration, P−E, the net flux of water at the land surface, leading to, for example, a decline in Colorado River flow. This would cause widespread and important social and ecological consequences. Here, using new simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Five, to be assessed in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Report Five, we extend previous work by examining changes in P, E, runoff and soil moisture by season and for three different water resource regions. Focusing on the near future, 2021–2040, the new simulations project declines in surface-water availability across the southwest that translate into reduced soil moisture and runoff in California and Nevada, the Colorado River headwaters and Texas.
title: Cogeneration power plant with gasification of carbon-containing fuel for decentralized areas of the krasnoyarsk territory
Creators: name: Boiko, E.A.
name: Strashnikov, A.V.
Publisher: name: Scientific Research Centre "MachineStructure"
Year: 2019

description: The article analyzes the structure of energy supply to consumers in decentralized areas of the Krasnoyarsk territory. The consumers receiving the electric power from diesel power plants, and thermal energy from boiler houses are allocated. A promising technology to meet the needs of consumers of decentralized areas, a cogeneration gas-piston power plant based on the gasification of carbon-containing fuel, is considered. One of possible variants of realization of cogeneration power installation at the level of pilot sample with possibility of modernization to the level of perspective industrial installation is offered. The scheme and design of the pilot installation with the results of its commissioning and thermal tests, as well as the estimated technical and economic characteristics of its industrial counterpart are presented.
Migration and Democratization in Brazil: The Case of Electoral Participation and Competition
Creators: name: Gori Maia, Alexandre
name: Lu, Yao
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Migration, Internal
Migration, Internal--Political aspects
Democratization
Voting
Local elections

description: Deepening democratization in Brazil has coincided with sustained flows of domestic migration. This raises an important question of whether migration deepens or depresses democratic development in migrant-sending regions. Whereas earlier perspectives view migration as a political "brain drain," we contend that out-migration can generate resources that promote democratic processes back home. We investigate the role of migration in two aspects of democratization: electoral participation and competition. The analyses are based on spatial panel data models of mayoral election results across all municipalities between 1996 and 2012. The results show that migration increases electoral participation and competition in migrant-sending localities in Brazil. This study also identifies the sociopolitical context that conditions the impact of migration: the effect is most often present in the context of rural-urban migration and is more pronounced in sending localities with less democratic political structures than those with more democratic structures. Moreover, using spatial network models, we find evidence for the transmission of political remittances from migration destination municipalities to origin municipalities. The present study extends the research on the "migration-development nexus" to the political arena, thus demonstrating the value of integrating demographic processes into explanations of political change.
Mixing of the low-lying three- and five-quark $Ω$ states with negative parity
Creators: name: An, C. S.
name: Metsch, B. Ch.
name: Zou, B. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mixing of the low-1/2^{-}$ and $3/2^{-}$ is investigated, employing an instanton-induced quark-antiquark pair creation model, which precludes transitions between $s^{3}$ and $s^{4}\bar{s}$ configurations. Models with hyperfine interactions between quarks of three different kinds, namely, one-gluon-exchange, Goldstone-boson-exchange (GBE) and an instanton-induced interaction (INS) are called OGE, GBE and INS models, respectively. Numerical results show that the instanton-induced pair creation causes strong mixing between the three- and five-quark configurations with spin 3/2, and that this mixing decreases the energy of the lowest spin 3/2 states in all three different hyperfine interaction models to $\sim 1750\pm50$ MeV. On the other hand, transition couplings between $s^3$ and $s^{3}q\bar{q}$ states with spin 1/2 caused by instanton-induced $q\bar{q}$ creation is very small and the resulting mixing of three- and five-quark configurations in the OGE and INS models is negligible, while the mixing of the spin 1/2 states in GBE model is not, but effects of this mixing on energies of mixed states are also very small. Accordingly, the lowest $Ω$ states with negative parity in all three hyperfine interactions models have spin 3/2.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C
Influence of radiative dissipation on the shock wave structure
Creators: name: Rupert, Viviane Claude
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1963
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: The influence of radiation on a steady, one dimensional flow is considered. Only radiative heat transfer is taken into account; viscosity, heat conduction and mass diffusion are neglected. It is further assumed that the radiative heat transfer is adequately described by the quasi equilibrium theory relative to a grey gas.

Under these conditions, the velocity of the fluid satisfies an integral equation which has been investigated by various methods. It is shown that under certain conditions the influence of radiation alone is not sufficient to smooth out the shock profile and a discontinuity in velocity still appears; mass diffusion processes are dominant in these cases.
Immigration System, Labor Market Structures, and Overeducation of High-Skilled Immigrants in the United States and Canada
Creators: name: Lu, Yao
name: Hou, Feng
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Emigration and immigration
Immigrants--Education
Labor market
Emigration and immigration--Government policy

description: Why do high-skilled Canadian immigrants lag behind their US counterparts in labor-market outcomes despite Canada’s merit-based immigration selection system and more integrative context? This article investigates a mismatch between immigrants' education and occupations, operationalized by overeducation, as an explanation. Using comparable data and three measures of overeducation, we find that university-educated immigrant workers in Canada are consistently much more likely to be overeducated than their US peers and that the immigrant-native gap in the overeducation rate is remarkably higher in Canada than in the United States. This article further examines how the cross-national differences are related to labor-market structures and selection mechanisms for immigrants. Whereas labor-market demand reduces the likelihood of overeducation in both countries, the role of supply-side factors varies: a higher supply of university-educated immigrants is positively associated with the likelihood of overeducation in Canada but not in the United States, pointing to an oversupply of high-skilled immigrants relative to Canada’s smaller economy. Also, in Canada the overeducation rate is significantly lower for immigrants who came through employer selection (i.e., those who worked in Canada before obtaining permanent residence) than for those admitted directly from abroad through the point system. Overall, the findings suggest that a merit-based immigration system likely works better when it takes into consideration domestic labor-market demand and the role of employer selection.
Combustion gas turbine for airplanes
Creators: name: Lancaster, Otis Ewing
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1945
Subjects: Aeronautics
Aeronautical Engineering

description: This paper contains a theoretical study of various thermodynamic cycles for Gas-Turbine-propeller propulsion units for aircraft.

The object of the study was to evaluate the turbine-propeller engines as a source of power for fast, economical, long range airplanes. Hence, the consumption of fuel and the total weight of fuel and power plant were the main criterion for the evaluation. Since the weights of the particular units were not known, most of the results here are centered around the fuel consumption per horsepower, emphasizing the design criteria and throttle conditions for minimum values.

In order to emphasize the maximum possible performance, formulae for ideal engines were developed for all cases. These relations are compared with the corresponding ones involving unknown efficiencies. A summary table of these comparison formulae is given at the close of the thesis.

In the case of the cycles where there was sufficient experimental data available to estimate the performance of the component parts, the relations for power and specific fuel consumption were written in terms of three parameters which were convenient for graphical use in design purposes.
Proceedings Seventh Workshop on Logical and Semantic Frameworks, with Applications
Creators: name: Kesner, Delia
name: Viana, Petrucio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This document contains the proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Logical and Semantic Frameworks, with Applications, which was held on September 29 and 30, 2012, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It contains 11 regular papers (9 long and 2 short) accepted for presentation at the meeting, as well as extended abstracts of invited talks by Torben Braüner (Roskilde University, Denmark), Maribel Fernández (King's College London, United Kingdom), Edward Hermann Haeusler (PUC-Rio, Brazil) and Alexandre Miquel (École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France).
Documentation Status, Gender, and Health Selection of Immigrants: Evidence from Mexican-US Migration
Creators: name: Lu, Yao
name: Li, Xiaoguang
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Emigration and immigration
Immigrants--Health and hygiene
Immigrants--Social conditions
Gender identity

description: Recent research has revealed an epidemiologic paradox within immigrants: undocumented immigrants often exhibit similar or even better health outcomes than documented immigrants despite their socioeconomic disadvantages. The present study examines whether this paradox partly reflects heterogeneity in immigrant health selection by documentation status and gender. We examine the case of Mexico-US immigration using data from the Mexican Migration Project, which provides pre-migration health and detailed migration histories. Results demonstrate notable diversity in immigrant health selection. Undocumented Mexican immigrant men are especially positively selected on health. Better pre-migration health also increases recurrent undocumented migration trips. Documented Mexican immigrant men, in contrast, do not exhibit a significant level of positive health selection. For Mexican women, both documented and undocumented migrants are positively selected on the basis of health, and the degree of health selection is irrespective of their documentation status. These findings suggest that immigrant health selection can operate differently depending on the risks and maturity of migration. Taking into account both documentation status and gender is essential for a more accurate understanding of immigrant health selection and has important implications for investigating the impact of undocumented status on immigrant health.
Fermi surface in KFe2As2 determined via de Haas-van Alphen oscillation measurements
Creators: name: Terashima, Taichi
name: Kurita, Nobuyuki
name: Kimata, Motoi
name: Tomita, Megumi
name: Tsuchiya, Satoshi
name: Imai, Motoharu
name: Sato, Akira
name: Kihou, Kunihiro
name: Lee, Chul-Ho
name: Kito, Hijiri
name: Eisaki, Hiroshi
name: Iyo, Akira
name: Saito, Taku
name: Fukazawa, Hideto
name: Kohori, Yoh
name: Harima, Hisatomo
name: Uji, Shinya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have completely determined the Fermi surface in KFe$_2$As$_2$ via de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) measurements. Fundamental frequencies $ε$, $α$, $ζ$, and $β$ are observed in KFe$_2$As$_2$. The first one is attributed to a hole cylinder near the X point of the Brillouin zone, while the others to hole cylinders at the $Γ$ point. We also observe magnetic breakdown frequencies between $α$ and $ζ$ and suggest a plausible explanation for them. The experimental frequencies show deviations from frequencies predicted by band structure calculations. Large effective masses up to 19 $m_e$ for $B \parallel c$ have been found, $m_e$ being the free electron mass. The carrier number and Sommerfeld coefficient of the specific heat are estimated to be 1.01 -- 1.03 holes per formula unit and 82 -- 94 mJmol$^{-1}$K$^{-2}$, respectively, which are consistent with the chemical stoichiometry and a direct measure of 93 mJmol$^{-1}$K$^{-2}$ [H. Fukazawa \textit{et al}., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. \textbf{80SA}, SA118 (2011)]. The Sommerfeld coefficient is about 9 times enhanced over a band value, suggesting the importance of low-energy spin and/or orbital fluctuations, and places KFe$_2$As$_2$ among strongly correlated metals. We have also performed dHvA measurements on Ba$_{0.07}$K$_{0.93}$Fe$_2$As$_2$ and have observed the $α$ and $β$ frequencies.
description: 14 pages, 16 Figures, 3 Tables
Discrete Optimization of Statistical Sample Sizes in Simulation by Using the Hierarchical Bootstrap Method
Creators: name: Andronov, A.
name: Fioshin, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Bootstrap method application in simulation supposes that value of random variables are not generated during the simulation process but extracted from available sample populations. In the case of Hierarchical Bootstrap the function of interest is calculated recurrently using the calculation tree. In the present paper we consider the optimization of sample sizes in each vertex of the calculation tree. The dynamic programming method is used for this aim. Proposed method allows to decrease a variance of system characteristic estimators.
description: 9 pages
Composite Fermion states on the torus
Creators: name: Hermanns, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the composite fermion construction to the torus geometry. We verify the validity of our construction by computing the overlap of the composite fermion state to the exact diagonalization ground state of both Coulomb interaction and Haldane-pseudopotential interaction V_0 (V_1) for bosonic (fermionic) states.
description: published version
title: Advantages and disadvantages of a three-gear pump over a two-gear
Creators: name: Safrygin, D.S.
name: Orekh, D.V.
name: Ovsyannikov, A.Yu.
Publisher: name: Scientific Research Centre "MachineStructure"
Year: 2019

description: This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of a three-gear volumetric pump. Advantages and disadvantages are considered in comparison with a twin gear pump having a pair of gears.
Atmosphere and ocean origins of North American droughts
Creators: name: Seager, Richard
name: Hoerling, Martin P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Ocean-atmosphere interaction
Climatic changes
Hydrometeorology
Droughts

description: The atmospheric and oceanic causes of North American droughts are examined using observations and ensemble climate simulations. The models indicate that oceanic forcing of annual mean precipitation variability accounts for up to 40% of total variance in northeastern Mexico, the southern Great Plains, and the Gulf Coast states but less than 10% in central and eastern Canada. Observations and models indicate robust tropical Pacific and tropical North Atlantic forcing of annual mean precipitation and soil moisture with the most heavily influenced areas being in southwestern North America and the southern Great Plains. In these regions, individual wet and dry years, droughts, and decadal variations are well reproduced in atmosphere models forced by observed SSTs. Oceanic forcing was important in causing multiyear droughts in the 1950s and at the turn of the twenty-first century, although a similar ocean configuration in the 1970s was not associated with drought owing to an overwhelming influence of internal atmospheric variability. Up to half of the soil moisture deficits during severe droughts in the southeast United States in 2000, Texas in 2011, and the central Great Plains in 2012 were related to SST forcing, although SST forcing was an insignificant factor for northern Great Plains drought in 1988. During the early twenty-first century, natural decadal swings in tropical Pacific and North Atlantic SSTs have contributed to a dry regime for the United States. Long-term changes caused by increasing trace gas concentrations are now contributing to a modest signal of soil moisture depletion, mainly over the U.S. Southwest, thereby prolonging the duration and severity of naturally occurring droughts.
title: Continuously variable type of a mechanical transmission as a drive of shut-off and control valves in the oil and gas complex
Creators: name: Tereshin, A.V.
name: Yurkevich, I.A.
Publisher: name: Scientific Research Centre "MachineStructure"
Year: 2019

description: The possibility of using a mechanical continuously variable transmission as a drive of shut-off and regulating pipeline valves is considered. The characteristic of such a transmission will best suit the requirements of such drives.
title: Statistical studies of stiffness coefficients and contact angles of instrument angles of angular contact ball bearings
Creators: name: Ershov, D.Yu.
name: Lukyanenko, I.N.
Publisher: name: Scientific Research Centre "MachineStructure"
Year: 2019

description: The article deals with the dispersion of coefficients of rigidity of the same type of bearings on the frequencies of natural oscillations, which has a significant impact on the level of overall vibration of the ball bearing support. The results of the research, which allowed to determine the influence of changes in the initial angles of bearing contact on the change of stiffness coefficients, are given. The reasons for the change in the rigidity coefficients of the same type of ball bearings are revealed: the deviation of the shape of the tracks and rolling elements from the ideal one and the scattering of the geometric dimensions of the ball bearing parts within the tolerance field.
Unequivocal differentiation of coherent and chaotic light through interferometric photon correlation measurements
Creators: name: Lebreton, Armand
name: Abram, Izo
name: Braive, Rémy
name: Sagnes, Isabelle
name: Robert-Philip, Isabelle
name: Beveratos, Alexios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel experimental technique that can differentiate unequivocally between chaotic light and coherent light with amplitude fluctuations, and thus permits to characterize unambiguously the output of a laser. This technique consists of measuring the second-order intensity cross-correlation at the outputs of an unbalanced Michelson interferometer. It is applied to a chaotic light source and to the output of a semiconductor nanolaser whose "standard" intensity correlation function above-threshold displays values compatible with a mixture of coherent and chaotic light. Our experimental results demonstrate that the output of such lasers is not partially chaotic but is indeed a coherent state with amplitude fluctuations.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Quantum fluctuation theorem in a curved spacetime
Creators: name: Basso, Marcos L. W.
name: Maziero, Jonas
name: Céleri, Lucas Chibebe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay between thermodynamics, general relativity and quantum mechanics has long intrigued researchers. Recently, important advances have been obtained in thermodynamics, mainly regarding its application to the quantum domain through fluctuation theorems. In this letter, we apply Fermi normal coordinates to report a fully general relativistic detailed quantum fluctuation theorem based on the two point measurement scheme. We demonstrate how the spacetime curvature can produce entropy in a localized quantum system moving in a general spacetime. The example of a quantum harmonic oscillator living in an expanding universe is presented. This result implies that entropy production is strongly observer dependent and deeply connects the arrow of time with the causal structure of the spacetime.