cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Star Formation Laws: the Effects of Gas Cloud Sampling
Creators: name: Calzetti, Daniela
name: Liu, Guilin
name: Koda, Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observational results indicate that the functional shape of the spatially-resolved star formation-molecular gas density relation depends on the spatial scale considered. These results may indicate a fundamental role of sampling effects on scales that are typically only a few times larger than those of the largest molecular clouds. To investigate the impact of this effect, we construct simple models for the distribution of molecular clouds in a typical star-forming spiral galaxy, and, assuming a power-law relation between SFR and cloud mass, explore a range of input parameters. We confirm that the slope and the scatter of the simulated SFR-molecular gas surface density relation depend on the size of the sub-galactic region considered, due to stochastic sampling of the molecular cloud mass function, and the effect is larger for steeper relations between SFR and molecular gas. There is a general trend for all slope values to tend to ~unity for region sizes larger than 1-2 kpc, irrespective of the input SFR-cloud relation. The region size of 1-2 kpc corresponds to the area where the cloud mass function becomes fully sampled. We quantify the effects of selection biases in data tracing the SFR, either as thresholds (i.e., clouds smaller than a given mass value do not form stars) or backgrounds (e.g., diffuse emission unrelated to current star formation is counted towards the SFR). Apparently discordant observational results are brought into agreement via this simple model, and the comparison of our simulations with data for a few galaxies supports a steep (>1) power law index between SFR and molecular gas.
description: 54 pages, 16 figures; accepted for publication on the Astrophysical Journal
The behaviour, diet and morphology of the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) near the northern extent of its range in Yukon Canada.
Creators: name: Talerico, Jennifer Marie
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2008

description: Bibliography: p. 94-104
description: some pages are in colour
description: I investigated how nocturnal mammals, specifically little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus), adjust their foraging behaviour and diet in northern areas where there is a short reproductive season, low temperatures and short nights. In Watson Lake, Yukon (60°06' N, 128°46' W), M. lucifugus remained nocturnal throughout the summer, despite considerable variation in temperature and night length. Individuals did not use open-field habitat except when emerging from or returning to the maternity roost. Myotis lucifugus used habitats not commonly used in more southern latitudes, specifically the forest interior. Unlike more southern populations, M. lucifugus in Watson Lake foraged extensively on non-volant prey, specifically spiders, particularly when temperatures and flying insect abundance were low. Myotis lucifugus in the north was more adapted to foraging in cluttered environments and possibly gleaning insects from vegetation than those in a southern location (Calgary, Alberta, Canada; 51°05’N, 114°05’W) because they were significantly smaller and had smaller wings.
Complex-mass scheme and resonances in EFT
Creators: name: Bauer, T.
name: Djukanovic, D.
name: Gegelia, J.
name: Scherer, S.
name: Tiator, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The complex-mass scheme (CMS) provides a consistent framework for dealing with unstable particles in quantum field theory and has been successfully applied to various loop calculations. As applications of the CMS in chiral effective field theory we consider the form factor of the pion in the time-like region and the magnetic moment of the Roper resonance.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, contribution to the workshop NSTAR 2011
Older adults' experiences of an age-segmented exercise program
Creators: name: Maliha, Katherine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This study examined the experiences of older adults within an age-segmented fitness program. The research was guided by the following questions: (1) What are the experiences of group members of a program designed for older adults?; and (2) How are members’ experiences related to their social position? Current research has demonstrated that the physical activity and exercise levels of older adults progressively decrease with age. To date, studies have shown that older adults who exercise do so not only for health, but also personal and social reasons. In addition, gender greatly influences whether or not an older adult is likely to exercise, and what meanings he or she will attribute to the practice. Building on the extant research, this study explored the meanings that older men and women attributed to exercise and investigated how older adults constructed their social identities in relation to their aging bodies and within the context of an exercise program. The study utilized data from in-depth qualitative interviews and focused observations with six male and six female members of a fitness program for older adults. The average age of the men in the sample was 73, while the average age of the women was 67. The majority of the men and women were well-educated, married, able-bodied, and self-identified as heterosexual. Each of the men and women were interviewed twice for a total of 20.5 interview hours. In addition, each member was observed an average of two times, for a total of 12 observation hours. The data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin’s (1998) concepts of open and axial coding. My findings revealed that membership at the program reinforced age and gender relations through the use of the body as a symbol of self-expression (Biggs, 1997), which prescribed manhood and womanhood in opposition to each other, and where fit aging was defined in opposition to ageist stereotypes of disease and decline. The meanings that older men and women attributed to exercise were framed by their gender, their socialization experiences, and their attitudes about exercise and their aging bodies. This research found that older men and women negotiated their identities as individuals who were fit rather than old by contrasting their experiences with others who were not aging as successfully, and by conforming to ageist discourses privileging youth and health. My study contributes to the literature on exercise and ageism by revealing how some older adults negotiated meaning and identity in the context of socially constructed discourses around gender, fitness, and the aging body.
The Completely Hackable Amateur Radio Telescope (CHART) Project
Creators: name: Berkhout, Lindsay M.
name: Beardsley, Adam P.
name: Jacobs, Daniel C.
name: Braithwaite, Raven
name: Gutierrez-Coatney, Bryanna
name: Islam, Arib
name: Wright, Ahlea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the Completely Hackable Amateur Radio Telescope (CHART), a project that provides hands-on radio instrumentation and design experience to undergraduates while bringing accessible radio astronomy experiments to high school students and teachers. Here we describe a system which can detect 21-cm emission from the Milky Way which is optimized for cost and simplicity of construction. Software, documentation, and tutorials are all completely open source to improve the user experience and facilitate community involvement. We demonstrate the design with several observations which we compare with state-of-the-art surveys. The system is shown to detect galactic 21-cm emission in both rural and urban settings.
Systems and Equipment for Packaging and Price Marking Meat and Poultry in Retail Food Stores
Creators: name: Volz, Marvin D.
name: Volz, Marvin D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1967
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpts from the report: Efficient methods of hand wrapping retail cuts of fresh meat and poultry, developed in U.S. Department of Agriculture research, have increased productivity in the backrooms of retail food stores. In the 1950's, automatic and semiautomatic packaging machines appeared on the market. During the early 1960's some stores began to use automatic weighing and pricing equipment in conjunction with packaging machines. Completely or partly automatic systems of wrapping, weighing, and pricing were developed. Some types of meat packages cannot be machine wrapped, so some hand wrapping must still be done when machines are used. This study was made to evaluate use of automatic and semiautomatic packaging machines, as compared with efficient hand wrapping methods, and to assist the retail trade in determining when it is economically feasible to install a machine wrapping operation in a retail store meat department. Layouts were developed for meat backrooms for efficient use of wrapping machines in conjunction with automatic weighing, pricing, and labeling equipment.
Average Case Tractability of Non-homogeneous Tensor Product Problems
Creators: name: Lifshits, M. A.
name: Papageorgiou, A.
name: Woźniakowski, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65Y20 (Primary) 41A25, 41A63, 60G15, 60G60 (Secondary)

description: We study d-variate approximation problems in the average case setting with respect to a zero-mean Gaussian measure. Our interest is focused on measures having a structure of non-homogeneous linear tensor product, where covariance kernel is a product of univariate kernels. We consider the normalized average error of algorithms that use finitely many evaluations of arbitrary linear functionals. The information complexity is defined as the minimal number n(h,d) of such evaluations for error in the d-variate case to be at most h. The growth of n(h,d) as a function of h^{-1} and d depends on the eigenvalues of the covariance operator and determines whether a problem is tractable or not. Four types of tractability are studied and for each of them we find the necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of the eigenvalues of univariate kernels. We illustrate our results by considering approximation problems related to the product of Korobov kernels characterized by a weights g_k and smoothnesses r_k. We assume that weights are non-increasing and smoothness parameters are non-decreasing. Furthermore they may be related, for instance g_k=g(r_k) for some non-increasing function g. In particular, we show that approximation problem is strongly polynomially tractable, i.e., n(h,d)\le C h^{-p} for all d and 01. For other types of tractability we also show necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of the sequences g_k and r_k.
Fermion quartets on the square lattice
Creators: name: Baeriswyl, Dionys
name: Petocchi, Francesco
name: Werner, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a microscopic model for four spinless fermions on the square lattice which exhibits a quartet bound state in the strong coupling regime. The four-particle quantum states are analyzed using symmetry arguments and by introducing a zoo of relevant lattice animals. These considerations, as well as variational and exact diagonalization calculations demonstrate the existence of a narrow quartet band at small hopping and a first order transition to delocalized fermions at a critical hopping parameter, in qualitative contrast to, e. g., the BCS-BEC crossover in the attractive Hubbard model. In the case of pure attraction, an intermediate phase is found, in which a more extended and presumably more mobile hybrid quartet dominates the ground state. We comment on the relevance of the spin degree of freedom and on the reasons why electron quartetting is rarely observed in real materials.
Food Retailing by Discount Houses
Creators: name: Leiman, Martin
name: Leiman, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1967
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpt from the report: Many questions have been and continue to be raised about food discounting. Is it an innovation as significant as the introduction of the supermarket? Do discount food stores have economies of scale that conventional food stores do not? Is the variety and assortment of merchandise carried by discounters as complete as will be found in conventional food stores? Are discount house food departments operated at a loss in order to increase customer traffic? If so, are these losses subsidized by other departments of the discount houses? Are discount food prices lower than those in conventional food stores? Have the operators of conventional food stores made substantial changes in store operations to meet this new type of competition? What effect will food discounting have on food distribution? The purpose of this study was to seek the answers to these questions by comparing the operations of conventional and discount food retailers and evaluating the economic implications of the differences found to exist.
An Evaluation of On-Premise and Bake-Off Bakery Departments in Retail Foodstores
Creators: name: Doordan, Martin L.
name: Volz, Marvin D.
name: Doordan, Martin L.
name: Volz, Marvin D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1968
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpts from the report: The emergence of the modern supermarket has resulted in many innovations in the retailing of bakery products. One significant change has been the development of the complete bakery department, where some type of in-store baking is used to supplement the commercial baked goods section. The two most prominent in-store baking systems, on-premise and bake-off, were analyzed to identify the cost and profit structure of each. An on-premise bakery is a system where products are mixed, formed, baked, and finished for sale on the store premises. In a bake-off bakery, however, most products are mixed and partly formed at a central bakery, frozen, and then delivered to retail foodstores where they are completely formed, baked, and finished for sale. The objectives of this study are: (1) To determine characteristics of bake-off and on-premise bakery systems at their respective low and high levels of volume; (2) to compare total bake-off and on-premise operations at three selected levels of volume; (3) to compare production costs between an identical product mix selected from the two systems; and (4) to develop recommendations for improving both bakeoff and on-premise bakeries.
Low-cost Zinc Oxide Nanorods Modified Paper Substrate for Biodiagnostics
Creators: name: Tiwari, Sadhana
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: Many of the point-of-care hand-held devices are based on the detection of very low concentrations of some specific protein biomarker in a blood or biofluid sample. There is an often need to preconcentrate by a few orders of magnitudes the analyte prior to measurement on the sensing area of the test to enhance the detection sensitivity for these miniaturized devices. Protein preconcentration is one of the major challenges in biosensing with miniaturized devices as enhancement of detection sensitivity for highly diluted analytes is critical and required for its better performance. Besides preconcentration, blood-plasma separation is another major challenge in biodiagnostics. The conventional blood-plasma separation involves centrifugation, which generally enables very efficient and fast results. But in case of point-of-care miniature devices it is necessary to have an integrated miniature blood-plasma separation system to reduce the number of sample preparation steps and quick diagnosis. Substantially-reduced total cost of ownership and usage are being seen as increasingly necessary to ensure affordable healthcare for a growing world population. In this context paper-based devices are gaining popularity as they are inexpensive, easy to fabricate and to modify, and once used, easy to dispose as they easily burn and are biodegradable. Paper has inherent capillary force created by the network of cellulose therefore, no external driving force or systems are required for fluid transport. Paper also provides a good support for growing nanostructures by providing a template for orientation and nucleation sites. The work presented in this thesis involves, modification of paper with ZnO nanostructures to increase the available surface area for protein capture, biofunctionalization of nanostructures-modified paper. Emphasis is given on developing a protocol for protein preconcentration using the nanorods modified paper as a substrate and its confirmation by surface plasmon resonance, which also provided an opportunity to explore SPR studies on the ZnO nanorods modified gold chip. In addition to this passive separation of blood cells from plasma with the 1-D ZnO nanostructures modified paper as a substrate is also explored.
Addressing the Impact of Localized Training Data in Graph Neural Networks
Creators: name: A, Akansha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved notable success in learning from graph-structured data, owing to their ability to capture intricate dependencies and relationships between nodes. They excel in various applications, including semi-supervised node classification, link prediction, and graph generation. However, it is important to acknowledge that the majority of state-of-the-art GNN models are built upon the assumption of an in-distribution setting, which hinders their performance on real-world graphs with dynamic structures. In this article, we aim to assess the impact of training GNNs on localized subsets of the graph. Such restricted training data may lead to a model that performs well in the specific region it was trained on but fails to generalize and make accurate predictions for the entire graph. In the context of graph-based semi-supervised learning (SSL), resource constraints often lead to scenarios where the dataset is large, but only a portion of it can be labeled, affecting the model's performance. This limitation affects tasks like anomaly detection or spam detection when labeling processes are biased or influenced by human subjectivity. To tackle the challenges posed by localized training data, we approach the problem as an out-of-distribution (OOD) data issue by by aligning the distributions between the training data, which represents a small portion of labeled data, and the graph inference process that involves making predictions for the entire graph. We propose a regularization method to minimize distributional discrepancies between localized training data and graph inference, improving model performance on OOD data. Extensive tests on popular GNN models show significant performance improvement on three citation GNN benchmark datasets. The regularization approach effectively enhances model adaptation and generalization, overcoming challenges posed by OOD data.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Mean ergodic theorems on norming dual pairs
Creators: name: Gerlach, Moritz
name: Kunze, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A35, 47D03

description: We extend the classical mean ergodic theorem to the setting of norming dual pairs. It turns out that, in general, not all equivalences from the Banach space setting remain valid in our situation. However, for Markovian semigroups on the norming dual pair (C_b(E), M(E)) all classical equivalences hold true under an additional assumption which is slightly weaker than the e-property.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure
IHFDGS
Creators: name: Gan, Jing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310201
subject: Bioinformatic methods development
classificationCode: 310204
subject: Genomics and transcriptomics
classificationCode: 310208
subject: Translational and applied bioinformatics

description: IHFDGS( Identification of High-frequent-mutated Functional Driver Gene Set) is a computational framework designed to identify a cancer core driver gene set (CDGS) following screening candidate drivers. It identifies CDGS from functional drivers based on precedence of mutation frequency as well as enrichment of CGC gene set.
Coronal heating in coupled photosphere-chromosphere-coronal systems: turbulence and leakage
Creators: name: Verdini, Andrea
name: Grappin, Roland
name: Velli, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coronal loops act as resonant cavities for low frequency fluctuations that are transmitted from the deeper layers of the solar atmosphere and are amplified in the corona, triggering nonlinear interactions. However trapping is not perfect, some energy leaks down to the chromosphere, thus limiting the turbulence development and the associated heating. We consider the combined effects of turbulence and leakage in determining the energy level and associated heating rate in models of coronal loops which include the chromosphere and transition region. We use a piece-wise constant model for the Alfven speed and a Reduced MHD - Shell model to describe the interplay between turbulent dynamics in the direction perpendicular to the mean field and propagation along the field. Turbulence is sustained by incoming fluctuations which are equivalent, in the line-tied case, to forcing by the photospheric shear flows. While varying the turbulence strength, we compare systematically the average coronal energy level (E) and dissipation rate (D) in three models with increasing complexity: the classical closed model, the semi-open corona model, and the corona-chromosphere (or 3-layer) model, the latter two models allowing energy leakage. We find that: (i) Leakage always plays a role (even for strong turbulence), E and D are systematically lower than in the line-tied model. (ii) E is close to the resonant prediction, i.e., assuming effective turbulent correlation time longer than the Alfven coronal crossing time (Ta). (iii) D is close to the value given by the ratio of photospheric energy divided by Ta (iv) The coronal spectra exibits an inertial range with 5/3 spectral slope, and a large scale peak of trapped resonant modes that inhibit nonlinear couplings. (v) In the realistic 3-layer model, the two-component spectrum leads to a damping time equal to the Kolmogorov time reduced by a factor u_rms/Va_corona
description: 15 pages, 15 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A
A Case Study of Food Dating in Selected Chicago Supermarkets
Creators: name: Taylor, Eileen F.
name: Taylor, Eileen F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Food Product Codes
subject: Open Dating
subject: Product Dating
subject: Pull Dates

description: This report summarizes the findings of a USDA case study of a Chicago grocery chain's food dating program in low-, middle-, and higher income area stores in Chicago, Ill. Slightly more than half the 1,700 female shoppers contacted indicated their awareness of the program, but only 20 percent correctly interpreted open dates as the pull date, or the last day a product can be sold. About two-thirds of those aware of the program and willing to be questioned in greater detail said they had used dates at least once. Bread and milk were items most frequently mentioned, followed by refrigerated dough products, other dairy products, and eggs. Store managers reported beneficial in-store effects--specifically, easier stock rotation. They reported the program was helpful to customers, and generally saw no disadvantages of open dating.
Choosing the right tool for the job: Screening tools for systematic reviews in education
Creators: name: Neitzel, Amanda Jean
name: Zhang, Qiyang
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Education

description: In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence has enabled the launch of many new screening tools. This review aims to facilitate screening tool selection through a systematic narrative review and feature analysis. The current adoption rate of transparent tool reporting is low: by screening 191 studies published in the Review of Educational Research since 2015, we found that only eight studies reported screening tools. More research is needed to understand reasons behind this phenomenon. After consulting various sources, 26 available screening tools in the market were found. Among them, we identified and evaluated 12 screening tools for educational reviewers and ranked them in descending order of feature score: Covidence (1), DistillerSR (2, tied), EPPI-Reviewer (2, tied), CADIMA (4), Swift-Active (5), Rayyan (6, tied), SysRev (6, tied), Abstrackr (8, tied), ReLiS (8, tied), RevMan (8, tied), ASReview (11), and Excel (12). In discussion, we provide insights on the promise and bias in tools’ machine learning algorithms. Our results encourage researchers to report their tool usage in publications and select tools based on suitability instead of convenience.
Judicial Supervision across Populations and in Mainstream Criminal Courts
Creators: name: Trood, Michael David
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2025

description: Judicial supervision is the use of multiple status review hearings by judicial officers to monitor the pre-plea, post-plea or post-sentence progress of criminal offenders, and is used throughout courts that address crime alongside its precipitating social issues in common law adversarial jurisdictions. This thesis systematically reviews the extant literature investigating judicial supervision and presents interviews with judicial officers from mainstream courts on their experiences judicially supervising individuals. Overall, the results reveal that judicially supervised programs associate with several benefits, such as greater reductions in recidivism. Further, there is considerable variability in how it is applied which affects its efficacy.
Inter-orbital Cooper pairing at finite energies in Rashba surface states
Creators: name: Rüßmann, Philipp
name: Bahari, Masoud
name: Blügel, Stefan
name: Trauzettel, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-band effects in hybrid structures provide a rich playground for unconventional superconductivity. We combine two complementary approaches based on density-functional theory (DFT) and effective low-energy model theory in order to investigate the proximity effect in a Rashba surface state in contact to an $s$-wave superconductor. We discuss these synergistic approaches and combine the effective model and DFT analysis at the example of a Au/Al heterostructure. This allows us to predict finite-energy superconducting pairing due to the interplay of the Rashba surface state of Au, and hybridization with the electronic structure of superconducting Al. We investigate the nature of the induced superconducting pairing and quantify its mixed singlet-triplet character. Our findings demonstrate general recipes to explore real material systems that exhibit inter-orbital pairing away from the Fermi energy.
Blind Channel Estimation Enhancement for Mimo- OFDM Systems under High Mobility Conditions
Creators: name: Zaier, Aida
name: Bouallegue, Ridha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose an enhancement of a blind channel estimator based on a subspace approach in a MIMO OFDM context (Multi Input Multi Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) in high mobility scenario. As known, the combination between the MIMO context and the OFDM system has stimulated mainly the evolution of the fourth generation broadband wireless communications. The simulations results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the approach for a 16 QAM modulation scheme and had been evaluated in term of bit error rate BER and mean square error MSE versus the signal to noise ratio SNR.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
An Algebraic Proof for the Identities for Degree of Syzygies in Numerical Semigroup
Creators: name: Martino, Ivan
name: Kumar, Neeraj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20M25, 13D02, 13D40

description: In a recent paper by L. Fel two new identities for the degree of syzygies are given. We present an algebraic proof of them, using only basic homological algebra tools. We also extend these results.
description: This paper was produced during Pragmatic 2011
A chemical reaction network implementation of a Maxwell demon
Creators: name: Bilancioni, Massimo
name: Esposito, Massimiliano
name: Freitas, Nahuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an autonomous model of a Maxwell demon that works by rectifying thermal fluctuations of chemical reactions. It constitutes the chemical analog of a recently studied electronic demon. We characterize its scaling behavior in the macroscopic limit, its performances, and the impact of potential internal delays. We obtain analytical expressions for all quantities of interest, namely, the generated reverse chemical current, the output power, the transduction efficiency, and the correlations between the numbers of molecules. Due to a bound on the nonequilibrium response of its chemical reaction network, we find that, contrary to the electronic case, there is no way for the Maxwell demon to generate a finite output in the macroscopic limit. Finally, we analyze the information thermodynamics of the Maxwell demon from a bipartite perspective. In the limit of a fast demon, the information flow is obtained, its pattern in the state space is discussed, and the behavior of the partial efficiencies related to the measurement and the feedback processes is examined.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
Correlations from generalized thermodynamics
Creators: name: Wilk, Grzegorz
name: Wlodarczyk, Zbigniew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to account for possible nonstatistical fluctuations in a hadronizing system (leading to the characteristic power-like behavior of the respective single particle spectra and to the broadening of the corresponding multiparticle distributions) while using the statistical approach one has to resort to its nonextensive version. The new parameter q appearing there is directly connected to the variance of the particular variable X, q = 1+Var(X)/^2 (with q = 1 for the usual statistical model). We shall demonstrate here how such an approach allows us to compose fluctuations of different observables (described by their respective parameters q) leading to a characteristic sum rule connecting q's deduced from measurements of these observables, which can be verified experimentally. We shall also discuss ensembles in which all relevant quantities, namely the energy (U), temperature (T) and multiplicity (N), can fluctuate. A specific relation connecting all these fluctuating variables is proposed. It generalizes the so called Lindhard thermodynamic uncertainty relations known in the literature, by introducing, in a natural way, a possibility of correlations between the fluctuating variables considered. This point is illustrated using an example from the multiparticle production processes. We show that fluctuations from different parts of phase space (characterized by different parameters q) are correlated and that the strength of these correlations is a function of these q's, Cov(U,T) = F({q}). These correlations can be tested experimentally. Some rough first estimates, using available data, are presented.
description: Presented at The Seventh Workshop on Particle Correlations and Femtoscopy, September 20 - 24 2011, University of Tokyo, Japan. Final, corrected, version
Spectral tuning of high-harmonic generation with resonance-gradient metasurfaces
Creators: name: Jangid, Piyush
name: Richter, Felix Ulrich
name: Tseng, Ming Lun
name: Sinev, Ivan
name: Kruk, Sergey
name: Altug, Hatice
name: Kivshar, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-index dielectric subwavelength structures and metasurfaces are capable of enhancing light-matter interaction by orders of magnitude via geometry-dependent optical resonances. This enhancement, however, comes with a fundamental limitation of a narrow spectral range of operation in the vicinity of one or few resonant frequencies. Here we tackle this limitation and introduce an innovative and practical approach to achieve spectrally tunable enhancement of light-matter interaction with resonant metasurfaces. We design and fabricate {\it resonance-gradient metasurfaces} with varying geometrical parameters that translate into resonant frequencies dependence on one of the coordinates of the metasurface. The metasurfaces are composed of bone-like nanoresonators which are made of germanium, and they support high-$Q$ optical resonances in the mid-IR spectral range. We apply this general concept to observe the resonant enhancement of the $3^{\text{rd}}$ and $5^{\text{th}}$ harmonics generated from the gradient metasurfaces being used in conjunction with a tunable excitation laser to provide a wide spectral coverage of resonantly-enhanced tunable generation of multiple optical harmonics.
description: Main text: 17 pages and 5 figures. Supplementary Information: 5 pages and 2 figures. Conference presentation link: https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_FS.2023.FTh4D.7
Food Dating: Shoppers' Reactions and the Impact on Retail Foodstores
Creators: name: Economic Research Service, Marketing Economics Division
name: Economic Research Service, Marketing Economics Division
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1973
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Food product dating
subject: open dating
subject: consumers
subject: consumer purchasing
subject: retail
subject: grocery stores

description: Eighteen percent of 1,500 shoppers interviewed by telephone in 1971 reported purchasing food in the previous 2 weeks that became "bad" before it should have. Most problems were reported with meat, dairy products, baked goods, and fresh produce. Shoppers interviewed at selected Ohio retail chainstores before and after an 8-week experimental open-dating program were asked about their satisfaction with foods purchased. The frequency with which shoppers reported instances of purchasing "bad" food was reduced by half after open (uncoded) dates and improved handling practices were introduced. The use of open dates and improved handling practices also reduced in-store product losses. Results indicated that food date labeling may be beneficial to shoppers because it gives them increased assurance of food freshness and to retailers because it promotes better food handling and stock rotation practices.
Linear Polymers in Disordered Media - the shortest, the longest and the mean(est) SAW on percolation clusters
Creators: name: Janssen, Hans-Karl
name: Stenull, Olaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long linear polymers in strongly disordered media are well described by self-avoiding walks (SAWs) on percolation clusters. The length-distribution of these SAWs encompasses to distinct averages, viz. the averages over cluster- and SAW-conformations. For the latter average, there are two basic options, one being static and one being kinetic. It is well known for static averaging that if the disorder of the underlying medium is weak, differences to the ordered case appear merely in non-universal quantities. Using dynamical field theory, we show that the same holds true for kinetic averaging. For strong disorder, i.e., the medium being close to the percolation point, we employ a field theory for the nonlinear random resistor network in conjunction with a real-world interpretation of Feynman diagrams, and we calculate the scaling exponents for the shortest, the longest and the mean or average SAW to 2-loop order. In addition, we calculate to 2-loop order the entire family of multifractal exponents that governs the moments of the the statistical weights of the elementary constituents (bonds or sites of the underlying fractal cluster) contributing to the SAWs. Our RG analysis reveals that kinetic averaging leads to renormalizability whereas static averaging does not, and hence, we argue that the latter does not lead to a well-defined scaling limit. We discuss the possible implications of this finding for experiments and numerical simulations which have produced wide-spread results for the exponent of the average SAW. To corroborate our results, we also study the well-known Meir-Harris model for SAWs on percolation clusters. We demonstrate that this model leads back to 2-loop order to the renormalizable real world formulation with kinetic averaging if the replica limit is consistently performed at the first possible instant of the calculation.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures
Dynamical instability in a relativistic cylindrical shell composed of counter rotating particles
Creators: name: Kurita, Yasunari
name: Nakao, Ken-ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a perturbative analysis for an infinitesimally thin cylindrical shell composed of counter rotating collisionless particles, originally devised by Apostolatos and Thorne. They found a static solution of the shell and concluded by C-energy argument that it is stable. Recently, the present authors and Ida reanalyzed this system by evaluating the C-energy on the future null infinity and found that the system has an instability, though it was not shown how the system is unstable. In this paper, it is shown in the framework of the linear perturbation theory that, if the constituent particles move slowly, the static shell is unstable in the sense that the perturbation of its circumferential radius oscillates with exponentially growing amplitude, whereas if the speed of the constituent particle exceeds a critical value, the shell just expands or contracts exponentially with time.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures
Hybrid scale-free skin effect in non-Hermitian systems: A transfer matrix approach
Creators: name: Fu, Yongxu
name: Zhang, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surpassing the individual characteristics of the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) and the scale-free (SF) effect observed recently, we systematically exploit the exponential decay behavior of bulk eigenstates via the transfer matrix approach in non-Hermitian systems. We concentrate on one-dimensional (1D) finite-size non-Hermitian systems with 2*2 transfer matrices in either the absence or presence of the boundary impurity. We analytically unveil that the unidirectional SF effect emerges with the singular transfer matrices, while the hybrid scale-free skin (SFS) effect appears with the nonsingular transfer matrices even when an open boundary condition (OBC) is imposed. The unidirectional SF effect exceeds the scope of the SF effect in previous works, while the hybrid SFS effect is an interesting interplay between the skin effect and the SF effect in finite-size systems. Our results reveal that the skin effect under the OBC prevails when it coexists with the SF effect as the system approaches the thermodynamic limit in the presence of the hybrid SFS effect. Our approach paves the way for rigorous and unified explorations of the skin and SF effects in both Hermitian and non-Hermitian systems with generic boundary conditions.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures
Role of Magnetic Exchange Energy on Charge Ordering in RSFO (R=La, Pr, and Nd)
Creators: name: Ma, J.
name: Yan, J. -Q.
name: Diallo, S. O.
name: Stevens, R.
name: Llobet, A.
name: Trouw, F.
name: Abernathy, D. L.
name: Stone, M. B.
name: McQueeney, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inelastic neutron scattering is applied to study the role of magnetism in stabilizing the charge ordered state in \emph{R}$_{1/3}$Sr$_{2/3}$FeO$_{3}$ (\emph{R}SFO) (\emph{R} = La, Pr, and Nd). The ratio of the ferromagnetic exchange energy (J$_F$) and antiferromagnetic exchange energy (J$_{AF}$), |J$_F$ /J$_{AF}|, is a key indicator of the stability of the charge ordered and antiferromagnetic ordered state. This ratio is obtained from the spin wave spectrum by inelastic neutron scattering and is sufficiently large to suggest that the magnetic exchange energy alone can stabilize the charge ordered state in La$_{1/3}$Sr$_{2/3}$FeO$_{3}$ and Pr$_{1/3}$Sr$_{2/3}$FeO$_{3}$. The exchange ratio decreases from La$_{1/3}$Sr$_{2/3}$FeO$_{3}$ to Nd1$_{1/3}$Sr$_{2/3}$FeO$_{3}$ which indicates a gradual destabilization of the magnetic exchange mechanism for charge ordering in correspondence with the observed reduction in the ordering temperature.
Four Methods of Assembling Institutional Grocery Orders
Creators: name: Morris, James N.
name: Morris, James N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpts from the report: This report is based on research to aid institutional wholesale grocers in reducing their warehousing costs by adopting the most efficient order-selection system suited to their needs. Order assembly is the basic operation that determines much of the design of an overall warehouse system and requires a large part of the total labor needed to operate such a system. The four order-assembly methods discussed in this report are conventional, stock selector, "U" bay, and batch selection. Conventional selection consists of an order selector picking one or more orders and placing the assembled cases on a four-wheel handtruck. In stock selector selection a specialized piece of materials-handling equipment called a stock selector is utilized. In "U" bay selection a combination of tow tractors and conventional pallet racks arranged in a series of bays is used. Batch selection includes pallet jacks, pallets, bulk selection of orders, and a crew reselection, checking, and loading operation at the truck dock. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) To describe each order-selection method. (2) To describe typical warehouse layouts used by wholesale grocers employing each order-selection system. (3) To determine warehouse labor costs for order assembly, receiving, restocking, checking, and truck loading for each of the four order-selection methods. (4) To determine other associated costs, such as equipment and space, using specific size firms as examples. (5) To examine the relative merits of each system.
Rare Decays in LHCb
Creators: name: Santos, Diego Martinez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rare B decays Bs(d)-->μμ, B-->K*μμand Bs-->ϕγare studied using up to \sim 0.41 fb^{-1} of pp collisions at \sqrt{s} = 7 TeV collected by the \lhcb experiment in 2010 and 2011. A search for the decays Bs(d)-->μμ, is performed with 0.41 fb^{-1} . The absence of significant signal leads to BR(Bs-->μμ<1.4 x 10^{-8} and BR(Bd-->μμ<3.2 x 10^{-9} at 95% confidence level. The forward-backward asymmetry, fraction of longitudinal polarization and differential branching fraction of B-->K*μμ, as a function of dimuon invariant mass, are measured in 0.31 fb^{-1}. The ratio of branching ratios of the radiative B decays B--> K*γand Bs-->ϕγh as been measured using 0.34fb^{-1}. The obtained value for the ratio is 1.52 \pm 0.14 (stat) \pm 0.10 (syst) \pm 0.12 (f_s/f_d). Using the HFAG value for BR(Bd --> K^*γ), BR(Bs-->ϕγ) has been found to be (2.8 \pm 0.5)\times 10^{-5}.
description: "Presented at the 2011 Hadron Collider Physics symposium (HCP-2011), Paris, France, November 14-18 2011, 4 pages, 2 figuras."
An Evaluation of Multilevel Operations for Low-Volume Grocery Items
Creators: name: Runyan, Jack L.
name: Shaffer, Paul F.
name: Runyan, Jack L.
name: Shaffer, Paul F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1975
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpts from the report: With the trend toward a greater number of grocery items in supermarkets, more warehouse space will be occupied by low-volume items unless new methods or systems for handling these items are developed. The objective of this study was to compare three multilevel operations for low-volume grocery items with the conventional operation now being used, and to determine the conditions under which a multilevel operation may have lower costs than a conventional operation. Data for the multilevel operations were obtained by conducting studies and interviewing managers in three food warehouses. Data for the conventional operations were obtained by conducting studies in two warehouses and from secondary sources. Studies were conducted in one warehouse before and after the installation of a multilevel operation.