cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Enhanced spin injection in molecularly functionalized graphene via ultra-thin oxide barriers
Creators: name: Toscano-Figueroa, J. C.
name: Natera-Cordero, N.
name: Bandurin, D. A.
name: Anderson, C. R.
name: Guarochico-Moreira, V. H.
name: Grigorieva, I. V.
name: Vera-Marun, I. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Realisation of practical spintronic devices relies on the ability to create and detect pure spin currents. In graphene-based spin valves this is usually achieved by injection of spin-polarized electrons from ferromagnetic contacts via a tunnel barrier, with Al2O3 and MgO used most widely as barrier materials. However, the requirement to make these barriers sufficiently thin often leads to pinholes and low contact resistances which in turn results in low spin injection efficiencies, typically 5% at room temperature, due to the so-called resistance mismatch problem. Here we demonstrate an alternative approach to fabricate ultra-thin tunnel barrier contacts to graphene. We show that laser-assisted chemical functionalization of graphene with sp3-bonded phenyl groups effectively provides a seed layer for growth of ultrathin Al2O3 films, ensuring smooth, high quality tunnel barriers and an enhanced spin injection efficiency. Importantly, the effect of functionalization on spin transport in the graphene channel itself is relatively weak, so that the enhanced spin injection dominates and leads to an order of magnitude increase in spin signals. Furthermore, spatial control of functionalization using a focused laser beam and lithographic techniques can in principle be used to limit functionalization to contact areas only, further reducing the effect on the graphene channel. Our results open a new route towards circumventing the resistance mismatch problem in graphene-based spintronic devices based on the easily available and highly stable Al2O3, and facilitate a step forward in the development of their practical applications.
description: Manuscript: 11 pages, 3 figures. Supplemental material: 5 pages, 4 figures
User Localization Based on Call Detail Records
Creators: name: Ayesha, Buddhi
name: Jeewanthi, Bhagya
name: Chitraranjan, Charith
name: Perera, Amal Shehan
name: Kumarage, Amal S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Understanding human mobility is essential for many fields, including transportation planning. Currently, surveys are the primary source for such analysis. However, in the recent past, many researchers have focused on Call Detail Records (CDR) for identifying travel patterns. CDRs have shown correlation to human mobility behavior. However, one of the main issues in using CDR data is that it is difficult to identify the precise location of the user due to the low spacial resolution of the data and other artifacts such as the load sharing effect. Existing approaches have certain limitations. Previous studies using CDRs do not consider the transmit power of cell towers when localizing the users and use an oversimplified approach to identify load sharing effects. Furthermore, they consider the entire population of users as one group neglecting the differences in mobility patterns of different segments of users. This research introduces a novel methodology to user position localization from CDRs through improved detection of load sharing effects, by taking the transmit power into account, and segmenting the users into distinct groups for the purpose of learning any parameters of the model. Moreover, this research uses several methods to address the existing limitations and validate the generated results using nearly 4 billion CDR data points with travel survey data and voluntarily collected mobile data.
Remarks on the calculus of variations on time scales
Creators: name: Ferreira, Rui A. C.
name: Torres, Delfim F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49K05; 39A12

description: The calculus of variations is a classical subject which has gain throughout the last three hundred years a level of rigor and elegance that only time can give. In this note we show that, contrary to the classical field, available formulations and results on the recent calculus of variations on time scales are still at the heuristic level.
Trace Anomaly and dimension two gluon condensate above the phase transition
Creators: name: Megias, E.
name: Arriola, E. Ruiz
name: Salcedo, L. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dimension two gluon condensate has been used previously within a simple phenomenological model to describe power corrections from available lattice data for the renormalized Polyakov loop and the heavy quark-antiquark free energy in the deconfined phase of QCD (hep-ph/0505215,hep-ph/0702055). The QCD trace anomaly of gluodynamics also shows unequivocal inverse temperature power corrections which may be encoded as dimension two gluon condensate. We analyze lattice data of the trace anomaly and compare with other determinations of the condensate from previous references, yielding roughly similar numerical values.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Contribution to the 20th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions: Quark Matter 2008 (QM2008), Jaipur, India, 4-10 Feb 2008
Direct Evidence of a Dual Cascade in Gravitational Wave Turbulence
Creators: name: Galtier, Sebastien
name: Nazarenko, Sergey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first direct numerical simulation of gravitational wave turbulence. General relativity equations are solved numerically in a periodic box with a diagonal metric tensor depending on two space coordinates only, $g_{ij} \equiv g_{ii}(x,y,t) δ_{ij}$, and with an additional small-scale dissipative term. We limit ourselves to weak gravitational waves and to a freely decaying turbulence. We find that an initial metric excitation at intermediate wavenumber leads to a dual cascade of energy and wave action. When the direct energy cascade reaches the dissipative scales, a transition is observed in the temporal evolution of energy from a plateau to a power-law decay, while the inverse cascade front continues to propagate toward low wavenumbers. The wavenumber and frequency-wavenumber spectra are found to be compatible with the theory of weak wave turbulence and the characteristic time-scale of the dual cascade is that expected for four-wave resonant interactions. The simulation reveals that an initially weak gravitational wave turbulence tends to become strong as the inverse cascade of wave action progresses with a selective amplification of the fluctuations $g_{11}$ and $g_{22}$.
description: 6 figures, 6 pages
Distribution functions of linear combinations of lattice polynomials from the uniform distribution
Creators: name: Marichal, Jean-Luc
name: Kojadinovic, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60A10 (Primary); 28B15, 62G30, 65D07 (Secondary)

description: We give the distribution functions, the expected values, and the moments of linear combinations of lattice polynomials from the uniform distribution. Linear combinations of lattice polynomials, which include weighted sums, linear combinations of order statistics, and lattice polynomials, are actually those continuous functions that reduce to linear functions on each simplex of the standard triangulation of the unit cube. They are mainly used in aggregation theory, combinatorial optimization, and game theory, where they are known as discrete Choquet integrals and Lovasz extensions.
description: 11 pages
Additional file 4 of Power calculator for detecting allelic imbalance using hierarchical Bayesian model
Creators: name: Sherbina, Katrina
name: León-Novelo, Luis G.
name: Nuzhdin, Sergey V.
name: McIntyre, Lauren M.
name: Marroni, Fabio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 4. Variation of power as a function of number of bioreps.
A Short History of Markov Chain Monte Carlo: Subjective Recollections from Incomplete Data
Creators: name: Robert, Christian
name: Casella, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We attempt to trace the history and development of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) from its early inception in the late 1940s through its use today. We see how the earlier stages of Monte Carlo (MC, not MCMC) research have led to the algorithms currently in use. More importantly, we see how the development of this methodology has not only changed our solutions to problems, but has changed the way we think about problems.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-STS351 the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Evaluation of Nonsymmetric Macdonald Superpolynomials at Special Points
Creators: name: Dunkl, Charles F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33D52, 20C08, 05E05

description: In a preceding paper the theory of nonsymmetric Macdonald polynomials taking values in modules of the Hecke algebra of type $A$ (Dunkl and Luque SLC 2012) was applied to such modules consisting of polynomials in anti-commuting variables, to define nonsymmetric Macdonald superpolynomials. These polynomials depend on two parameters $\left( q,t\right) $ and are defined by means of a Yang-Baxter graph. The present paper determines the values of a subclass of the polynomials at the special points $\left( 1,t,t^{2},\ldots\right) $ or$\left( 1,t^{-1},t^{-2},\ldots\right) $. The arguments use induction on the degree and computations with products of generators of the Hecke algebra. The resulting formulas involve $\left( q,t\right)$-hook products. Evaluations are also found for Macdonald superpolynomials having restricted symmetry and antisymmetry properties.
Additional file 1 of High prevalence of malaria in a non-endemic setting among febrile episodes in travellers and migrants coming from endemic areas: a retrospective analysis of a 2013–2018 cohort
Creators: name: Garcia-Ruiz de Morales, Alejandro
name: Morcate, Covadonga
name: Isaba-Ares, Elena
name: Perez-Tanoira, Ramon
name: Perez-Molina, Jose A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Additional tables.
A Multiparametric Volumetric Quantitative Ultrasound Imaging Technique for Soft Tissue Characterization
Creators: name: Deeba, Farah
name: Schneider, Caitlin
name: Mohammed, Shahed
name: Honarvar, Mohammad
name: Lobo, Julio
name: Tam, Edward
name: Salcudean, Septimiu
name: Rohling, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) offers a non-invasive and objective way to quantify tissue health. We recently presented a spatially adaptive regularization method for reconstruction of a single QUS parameter, limited to a two dimensional region. That proof-of-concept study showed that regularization using homogeneity prior improves the fundamental precision-resolution trade-off in QUS estimation. Based on the weighted regularization scheme, we now present a multiparametric 3D weighted QUS (3D QUS)imaging system, involving the reconstruction of three QUS parameters: attenuation coefficient estimate (ACE), integrated backscatter coefficient (IBC) and effective scatterer diameter (ESD). With the phantom studies, we demonstrate that our proposed method accurately reconstructs QUS parameters, resulting in high reconstruction contrast and therefore improved diagnostic utility. Additionally, the proposed method offers the ability to analyze the spatial distribution of QUS parameters in 3D, which allows for superior tissue characterization. We apply a three-dimensional total variation regularization method for the volumetric QUS reconstruction. The 3D regularization involving N planes results in a high QUS estimation precision, with an improvement of standard deviation over the theoretical rate achievable by compounding N independent realizations. In the in vivo liver study, we demonstrate the advantage of adopting a multiparametric approach over the single parametric counterpart, where a simple quadratic discriminant classifier using feature combination of three QUS parameters was able to attain a perfect classification performance to distinguish between normal and fatty liver cases.
Refined open topological strings revisited
Creators: name: Cheng, Shi
name: Sułkowski, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we verify consistency of refined topological string theory from several perspectives. First, we advance the method of computing refined open amplitudes by means of geometric transitions. Based on such computations we show that refined open BPS invariants are non-negative integers for a large class of toric Calabi-Yau threefolds: an infinite class of strip geometries, closed topological vertex geometry, and some threefolds with compact four-cycles. Furthermore, for an infinite class of toric geometries without compact four-cycles we show that refined open string amplitudes take form of quiver generating series. This generalizes the relation to quivers found earlier in the unrefined case, implies that refined open BPS states are made of a finite number of elementary BPS states, and asserts that all refined open BPS invariants associated to a given brane are non-negative integers in consequence of their relation to (integer and non-negative) motivic Donaldson-Thomas invariants. Non-negativity of motivic Donaldson-Thomas invariants of a symmetric quiver is therefore crucial in the context of refined open topological strings. Furthermore, reinterpreting these results in terms of webs of five-branes, we analyze Hanany-Witten transitions in novel configurations involving lagrangian branes.
description: 57 pages, 30 figures
Schätzung der Zahl hitzebedingter Sterbefälle infolge der Hitzewelle 2018
Creators: name: An Der Heiden, Matthias
name: Buchholz, Udo
name: Uphoff, Helmut
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Exzess-Mortalität
subject: Hitzewelle
subject: hitzebedingte Mortalität
subject: Klimawandel
subject: Wetter
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Schätzung der Zahl hitzebedingter Sterbefälle und Betrachtung der Exzess-Mortalität; Berlin und Hessen, Sommer 2018 Der Sommer 2018 war der zweitheißeste in Deutschland seit Beginn der Wetteraufzeichnungen im Jahr 1881. Angesichts des sehr trockenen und über viele Wochen anhaltend warmen Wetters war eine hohe Zahl an hitzebedingten Sterbefällen zu erwarten. Ein zeitnahes Monitoring der Daten zur Sterblichkeit existiert für Gesamtdeutschland nicht, ist aber in den Bundesländern Berlin und Hessen etabliert. Im Epidemiologischen Bulletin 23/2019 wird die Anzahl der Personen geschätzt, die im Sommer 2018 in Hessen und Berlin hitzebedingt verstorben sind: In Berlin waren es schätzungsweise etwa 490 Todesfälle, in Hessen etwa 740. Insgesamt betrug die hitzebedingte Mortalität des Sommers 2018 in Berlin und Hessen etwa 12/100.000 Einwohner. Ältere Menschen waren besonders betroffen: Bei den 75- bis 84-Jährigen betrug die hitzebedingte Mortalität etwa 60/100.000, bei den über 84-Jährigen etwa 300/100.000.
BRST and superfield formalism. A review
Creators: name: Bonora, L.
name: Malik, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article, which is a review with substantial original material, is meant to offer a comprehensive description of the superfield representations of the BRST and anti-BRST algebras and their applications to some field-theoretic topics. After a review of the superfield formalism for gauge theories we present the same formalism for gerbes and diffeomorphism invariant theories. The application to diffeomorphisms leads, in particular, to a horizontal Riemannian geometry in the superspace. We then illustrate the application to the description of consistent gauge anomalies and Wess-Zumino terms, for which the formalism seems to be particularly tailor-made. The next subject covered is the higher spin YM-like theories and their anomalies. Finally, we show that the BRST superfield formalism applies as well to the N=1 super-YM theories formulated in the supersymmetric superspace, for the two formalisms go along with each other very well.
description: 56 pages, typos corrected, bibliography completed, to appear in "Universe"
Additional file 1 of Associations of neighborhood built, safety, and social environment with walking to and from school among elementary school-aged children in Chiba, Japan
Creators: name: Hino, Kimihiro
name: Ikeda, Erika
name: Sadahiro, Saiko
name: Inoue, Shigeru
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1. STROBE statement checklist of items for cross-sectional studies.
Angular surface solitons in sectorial hexagonal arrays
Creators: name: Szameit, A.
name: Kartashov, Y. V.
name: Vysloukh, V. A.
name: Heinrich, M.
name: Dreisow, F.
name: Pertsch, T.
name: Nolte, S.
name: Tunnermann, A.
name: Lederer, F.
name: Torner, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the experimental observation of corner surface solitons localized at the edges joining planar interfaces of hexagonal waveguide array with uniform nonlinear medium. The face angle between these interfaces has a strong impact on the threshold of soliton excitation as well as on the light energy drift and diffraction spreading.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Optics Letters
Observations on electron beam melting of titanium and its alloy
Creators: name: Takagi, Ken’ichiro
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The advantages of the melting of titanium and its alloys in an electron beam furnace are well understood in terms of homogenization, but it is clear that a major problem is that of evaporation of volatile elements. The purpose of the present study Is to investigate the evaporation of solutes such as aluminum from titanium alloys and the conditions under which the evaporation takes place. The surface temperatures of the molten metal were measured by an optical pyrometer. Its accuracy was checked by measuring the evaporation rate of pure titanium over the range of experimental temperatures used. From the analysis of the aluminum evaporation rate from Ti-Al-V alloy, it has been established that the Langmuir equation may be applied; that is, the evaporation takes place from a well-mixed pool of uniform composition with a very small mass transfer resistance. Also, the specific evaporation constant and the activity coefficient of aluminum were calculated. Attempts were made to use the EDX equipment directly to measure the aluminum concentration changes during melting. This technique may be promising although the method and conditions were not fully defined.
NMR measurements in dynamically controlled field pulse
Creators: name: Ihara, Yoshihiko
name: Hayashi, Kaoru
name: Kanda, Tomoki
name: Matsui, Kazuki
name: Kindo, Koichi
name: Kohama, Yoshimitsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the architecture of the versatile NMR spectrometer with software-defined radio (SDR) technology and its application to the dynamically controlled pulsed magnetic fields. The pulse-field technology is the only solution to access magnetic fields greater than 50 T, but the NMR experiment in the pulsed magnetic field was difficult because of the continuously changing field strength. The dynamically controlled field pulse allows us to perform NMR experiment in a quasi-steady field condition by creating a constant magnetic field for a short time around the peak of the field pulse. We confirmed the reproducibility of the field pulses using the NMR spectroscopy as a high precision magnetometer. With the highly reproducible field strength we succeeded in measuring the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/T_1$, which had never been measured by the pulse-field NMR experiment without dynamic field control. We also implement the NMR spectrum measurement with both the frequency-sweep and field-sweep modes and discuss the appropriate choice of these modes depending on the magnetic properties of sample to be measured. This development, with further improvement at a long-duration field pulse, will innovate the microscopic measurement in extremely high magnetic fields.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Supermassive binary black hole mergers
Creators: name: Gergely, László Á.
name: Biermann, Peter L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When galaxies collide, dynamical friction drives their central supermassive black holes close enought to each other such that gravitational radiation becomes the leading dissipative effect. Gravitational radiation takes away energy, momentum and angular momentum from the compact binary, such that the black holes finally merge. In the process, the spin of the dominant black hole is reoriented. On observational level, the spins are directly related to the jets, which can be seen at radio frequencies. Images of the X-shaped radio galaxies together with evidence on the age of the jets illustrate that the jets are reoriented, a phenomenon known as spin-flip. Based on the galaxy luminosity statistics we argue here that the typical galaxy encounters involve mass ratios between 1:3 to 1:30 for the central black holes. Based on the spin-orbit precession and gravitational radiation we also argue that for this typical mass ratio in the inspiral phase of the merger the initially dominant orbital angular momentum will become smaller than the spin, which will be reoriented. We prove here that the spin-flip phenomenon typically occurs already in the inspiral phase, and as such is describable by post-Newtonian techniques.
description: to appear in JPCS, based on the presentation given at the Amaldi 7 meeting
A Semismooth Newton Method for Tikhonov Functionals with Sparsity Constraints
Creators: name: Griesse, Roland
name: Lorenz, Dirk A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65J22, 90C53, 49N45

description: Minimization problems in $\ell^2$ for Tikhonov functionals with sparsity constraints are considered. Sparsity of the solution is ensured by a weighted $\ell^1$ penalty term. The necessary and sufficient condition for optimality is shown to be slantly differentiable (Newton differentiable), hence a semismooth Newton method is applicable. Local superlinear convergence of this method is proved. Numerical examples are provided which show that our method compares favorably with existing approaches.
A connection between the stochastic heat equation and fractional Brownian motion, and a simple proof of a result of Talagrand
Creators: name: Mueller, Carl
name: Wu, Zhixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H15 (Primary) 35R60, 35K05 (Secondary)

description: We give a new representation of fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H<=1/2 using stochastic partial differential equations. This representation allows us to use the Markov property and time reversal, tools which are not usually available for fractional Brownian motion. We then give simple proofs that fractional Brownian motion does not hit points in the critical dimension, and that it does not have double points in the critical dimension. These facts were already known, but our proofs are quite simple and use some ideas of Levy.
Collider Phenomenology of Unparticle Physics
Creators: name: Cheung, Kingman
name: Keung, Wai-Yee
name: Yuan, Tzu-Chiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low energy phenomenology of the unparticle physics associated with an exact scale invariant sector possessing a non-trivial infrared fixed point at a higher energy scale is explored for both electron-positron and hadronic colliders. Feynman rules for a spin 0, 1 or 2 unparticle coupled to a variety of standard model gauge invariant operators that are relevant to many low energy processes involving either real emissions of unparticles or their virtual propagator effects are presented. Missing energy and/or recoil mass distributions of the unparticle in the associated production of unparticle together with a photon or $Z$ boson at LEP2 and ILC as well as in $Z$ decay into an unparticle plus a fermion-antifermion pair are studied. Monojet production at hadronic collisions is explored. The complex phase in the unparticle propagator that can give rise to interesting interference effects between an unparticle exchange diagram and the standard model amplitudes are studied in details for the Drell-Yan process as well as muon pair and diphoton production in electron-positron annihilation. These energy and/or recoil mass distributions (with the exception in hadron colliders) and interference effects are found sensitively depending not only on the scale dimension but also on the spin of the unparticle. For the spin-2 unparticle, its physical effects is found to resemble that of a tower of Kaluza-Klein gravitons, which strongly indicates that the underlying unparticle physics may have root in a higher dimensional theory. A connection between unparticle physics and theories of large extra dimension is speculated. Experimental constraints on the unparticle scale are deduced from the LEP2 data on mono-photon production and from the 4-fermion contact interactions.
description: 37 pages. 16 figures, some additional comments and references
Additional file 1 of Problem-based learning for in-service training on breastfeeding in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy
Creators: name: Pessa Valente, Emanuelle
name: Cattaneo, Adriano
name: Sola, Maria Vittoria
name: Travan, Laura
name: Quintero Romero, Sofia
name: Milinco, Mariarosa
name: Decorti, Cinzia
name: Giornelli, Roberta
name: Braida, Cinzia
name: Dalmin, Patrizia
name: Giangreco, Manuela
name: Ronfani, Luca
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Cases prepared ad-hoc for tutorial groups
The southernmost distribution range of Isoetes panamensis Maxon & C.V. Morton (Lycopodiopsida, Isoetaceae) in the relicts of the Cerrado in southern Brazil
Creators: name: Jovani B. De Souza Pereira
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Botany

description: Establishing the geographical distribution limits of species may provide not only data to understand their range of
adaptation to conservation proposals but also records of the dynamics in the vegetation across the time. Here we report
the southernmost limit of the occurrence of Isoetes panamensis Maxon & C.V. Morton within a relict of the Cerrado in Paraná, Brazil. This find highlights the importance of fieldwork in relicts of the Cerrado to enhance the knowledge
about the flora of Paraná and the vegetational dynamic of the Cerrado in the past.
Additional file 3 of Power calculator for detecting allelic imbalance using hierarchical Bayesian model
Creators: name: Sherbina, Katrina
name: León-Novelo, Luis G.
name: Nuzhdin, Sergey V.
name: McIntyre, Lauren M.
name: Marroni, Fabio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3. Variation of type I error as a function of number of simulations, number of allele specific reads per bioreps and extent of deviation from allelic balance.
Self-Compression and Controllable Guidance of Multi-Millijoule Femtosecond Laser Pulses
Creators: name: Koprinkov, I. G.
name: Todorov, M. D.
name: Todorova, M. E.
name: Todorov, T. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-compression of multi-millijoule femtosecond laser pulses and dramatic increase of the peak intensity are found in pressurized helium and neon within a range of intensity in which the ionization modification of the material parameters by the pulse is negligible. The pulse propagation is studied by the (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schroedinger equation including basic lowest order optical processes -- diffraction, group velocity dispersion of second order, and Kerr nonlinearity of third order. Smooth and well controllable pulse propagation dynamics is found. Constructing of compressed pulse of controllable parameters at given space target point can be achieved by a proper chose of the pulse energy and/or gas pressure.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
Additional file 2 of A wind speed threshold for increased outdoor transmission of coronavirus: an ecological study
Creators: name: Clouston, Sean A. P.
name: Morozova, Olga
name: Meliker, Jaymie R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Supplemental Tables and Figures showing results from foundational and sensitivity analyses. Table S1. Multivariable-adjusted regression coefficient, 95% confidence interval, and P-values examining association between wind speed (<8.85 KPH) on days with temperatures of 16-28°C and percentage increases in case numbers. Table S2. Multivariable-adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR), 95% confidence interval, and P-values examining association between wind speed (Ln-KPH) on days with temperatures from 16-28°C and increases in case numbers only in samples where a 13-day lag was observed to maintain predictive stability. Figure S1. Gaussian-smoothed fit characteristics for the model presented in Table 1 relying on different lag structures examining possible lags of 4-13 days. Note that the best fitting lag (9 days) was shown using a red diamond.
A Neural Conversation Generation Model via Equivalent Shared Memory Investigation
Creators: name: Ji, Changzhen
name: Zhang, Yating
name: Liu, Xiaozhong
name: Jatowt, Adam
name: Sun, Changlong
name: Zhu, Conghui
name: Zhao, Tiejun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Conversation generation as a challenging task in Natural Language Generation (NLG) has been increasingly attracting attention over the last years. A number of recent works adopted sequence-to-sequence structures along with external knowledge, which successfully enhanced the quality of generated conversations. Nevertheless, few works utilized the knowledge extracted from similar conversations for utterance generation. Taking conversations in customer service and court debate domains as examples, it is evident that essential entities/phrases, as well as their associated logic and inter-relationships can be extracted and borrowed from similar conversation instances. Such information could provide useful signals for improving conversation generation. In this paper, we propose a novel reading and memory framework called Deep Reading Memory Network (DRMN) which is capable of remembering useful information of similar conversations for improving utterance generation. We apply our model to two large-scale conversation datasets of justice and e-commerce fields. Experiments prove that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches.
Additional file 1 of Power calculator for detecting allelic imbalance using hierarchical Bayesian model
Creators: name: Sherbina, Katrina
name: León-Novelo, Luis G.
name: Nuzhdin, Sergey V.
name: McIntyre, Lauren M.
name: Marroni, Fabio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Additional Methods. This file contains the section additional methods, in which we summarize the definition of the Bayesian model used in this work. The model has been previously published and described, and we provide in additional methods a brief summary just to facilitate readers.
Grain refinement in β-CuAlNi strain memory alloys
Creators: name: Sure, Ganesh Narayan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A study has been made of the effect of grain refinement on the mechanical and the strain memory properties of 0-CuAlNi alloys. Addition of 0.5 % Ti to β-CuAlNi resulted in considerable grain refinement. This was due to the formation of titanium-rich particles which effectively retarded grain growth during annealing. By controlled annealing, a grain size as small as 15μm could be obtained, though some second phase γ2 was present due to incomplete precipitate dissolution. Stress-strain curves for most specimens in both the strain memory and pseudoelastic states showed a three-stage characteristic with a region of lower slope between two regions of higher modulus. It was found the σ, (the transition stress between stages 1 and 2) and dσ/dε (the slope of stage 2) increased with grain size according to a (g.s.)[sub – ½] relationship. The ultimate tensile strength and strain to fracture also followed a similar Hall-Petch relationship. The alloys showed higher strength in the martensitic state than in the pseudoelastic one. The presence of second phase particles had no effect on the mechanical properties and martensite deformation behaviour. Fracture strains as high as 7% were obtained at the finest grain sizes. It was found that the strain memory and pseudoelastic recovery properties were not affected significantly by decreasing grain size and the presence of second phase particles. Maximum recovery strains of 6.5% were obtained infine grain samples. The fatigue life of most specimens was relatively poor and did not vary significantly with grain size and the presence of titanium-rich particles. However, the presence of γ2 particles in the finest grain sizes of 15-40μm caused the fatigue life to increase by a factor of ten, so that specimens cycled to 280 MPa and 0.6% strain had a life of 40000-50000 cycles. This improvement in fatigue life appeared to be due to a change in the fatigue crack propagation mode.
On the structure in the $ΛN$ cross section at the $ΣN$ threshold
Creators: name: Haidenbauer, J.
name: Meißner, U. -G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The complexity of threshold phenomena is exemplified on a prominent and long-known case - the structure in the $Λp$ cross section (invariant mass spectrum) at the opening of the $ΣN$ channel. The mass splitting between the $Σ$ baryons together with the angular momentum coupling in the $^3S_1$-$^3D_1$ partial wave imply that, in principle, up to six channels are involved. Utilizing hyperon-nucleon potentials that provide an excellent description of the available low-energy $Λp$ and $ΣN$ scattering data, the shape of the resulting $Λp$ cross section is discussed and the poles near the $ΣN$ threshold are determined. Evidence for a strangeness $S=-1$ dibaryon is provided, in the form of a deuteron-like (unstable) $ΣN$ bound state. Predictions for level shifts and widths of $Σ^-p$ atomic states are given.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 10 of MicroRNA-100-5p and microRNA-298-5p released from apoptotic cortical neurons are endogenous Toll-like receptor 7/8 ligands that contribute to neurodegeneration
Creators: name: Wallach, Thomas
name: Mossmann, Zoé J.
name: Szczepek, Michal
name: Wetzel, Max
name: Machado, Rui
name: Raden, Martin
name: Miladi, Milad
name: Kleinau, Gunnar
name: Krüger, Christina
name: Dembny, Paul
name: Adler, Drew
name: Zhai, Yuanyuan
name: Kumbol, Victor
name: Dzaye, Omar
name: Schüler, Jutta
name: Futschik, Matthias
name: Backofen, Rolf
name: Scheerer, Patrick
name: Lehnardt, Seija
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 10. Intrathecal brain-derived, small RNA triggers neurodegeneration. 125 pmol of an LNA inhibitor specific for mmu-miR-298-5p (miR-298-I), an LNA negative control inhibitor (neg. co.-I), or solvent (H2O) were injected intrathecally into C57BL/6 mice. After 16 h, mice were injected intrathecally for a second time with 10 μg of small RNA enriched from C57BL/6 mouse brain RNA, or solvent (solvent + solvent (sham), n = 4; solvent + small RNA (smRNA), n = 4; miR-298-5p inhibitor + small RNA (miR-298-I + smRNA), n = 4; neg. control inhibitor + small RNA (neg. co.-I + smRNA), n = 4). After a further 3 d, brain sections were immunolabeled with a NeuN antibody, and with DAPI. (a) Representative images of brain sections labeled with NeuN antibody and DAPI are shown. Scale bar, 50 μm; insets, scale bar, 10 μm. (b) NeuN+ cells in the cerebral cortex were quantified. Data are shown as mean ± SD. P values for relevant groups as determined using the Student’s t-test are shown. n.s., not significant.
Additional file 11 of MicroRNA-100-5p and microRNA-298-5p released from apoptotic cortical neurons are endogenous Toll-like receptor 7/8 ligands that contribute to neurodegeneration
Creators: name: Wallach, Thomas
name: Mossmann, Zoé J.
name: Szczepek, Michal
name: Wetzel, Max
name: Machado, Rui
name: Raden, Martin
name: Miladi, Milad
name: Kleinau, Gunnar
name: Krüger, Christina
name: Dembny, Paul
name: Adler, Drew
name: Zhai, Yuanyuan
name: Kumbol, Victor
name: Dzaye, Omar
name: Schüler, Jutta
name: Futschik, Matthias
name: Backofen, Rolf
name: Scheerer, Patrick
name: Lehnardt, Seija
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 11. Intrathecal pre-treatment with LPS enhances miR-298-5p- and miR-100-5p-induced neurodegeneration and microglial accumulation. 1 μg LPS was injected intrathecally into C57BL/6 mice. After 16 h, mice were injected intrathecally with 10 μg of miR-298-5p, miR-100-5p, or control oligoribonucleotide (LPS alone, n = 4; LPS + control oligo, n = 4; LPS + miR-298-5p, n = 4; LPS + miR-100-5p, n = 4). Naive mice and mice solely injected with control oligoribonucleotide, miR-100-5p, or miR-298-5p were included in this experimental set-up (naive, n = 4; control oligo, n = 4; miR-298-5p, n = 4; miR-100-5p, n = 4). After 3 d, brain sections were immunostained with NeuN or Iba1 antibody, and with DAPI. Representative images of brain sections labeled with NeuN antibody (a), Iba1 antibody (c), and DAPI (a, c) are shown. Scale bar, 50 μm; inserts, scale bar, 10 μm. NeuN+ (b) and Iba1+ (d) cells in the cerebral cortex were quantified. Data are shown as mean ± SD. P values for relevant groups as determined using the Student’s t-test are shown in (b) and (d). n.s., not significant.
Channels that Heat Up
Creators: name: Koch, Tobias
name: Lapidoth, Amos
name: Sotiriadis, Paul P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work considers an additive noise channel where the time-k noise variance is a weighted sum of the channel input powers prior to time k. This channel is motivated by point-to-point communication between two terminals that are embedded in the same chip. Transmission heats up the entire chip and hence increases the thermal noise at the receiver. The capacity of this channel (both with and without feedback) is studied at low transmit powers and at high transmit powers. At low transmit powers, the slope of the capacity-vs-power curve at zero is computed and it is shown that the heating-up effect is beneficial. At high transmit powers, conditions are determined under which the capacity is bounded, i.e., under which the capacity does not grow to infinity as the allowed average power tends to infinity.
description: 29 pages, submitted to the IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
H, He-like recombination spectra IV; H, He-like recombination spectra IV: clarification and refinement of methodology for $l$-changing collisions
Creators: name: Badnell, N. R.
name: Guzmán, F.
name: Brodie, S.
name: Williams, R. J. R.
name: van Hoof, P. A. M.
name: Chatzikos, M.
name: Ferland, G. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precise spectral diagnostic modelling of H~{\sc i} and He~{\sc ii} recombination spectra can constrain theoretical models which describe many astrophysical environments. Simple analytic expressions are of interest for collisional $l$-changing rate coefficients that are used by large-scale population modelling codes. We review, clarify and improve-upon the modified Pengelly \& Seaton formulae of Guzmán \etal We show that the recent poor results for it shown by Vrinceanu \etal are due to their misinterpretation of its usage. We also detail efficient numerical algorithms which should enable the full quantum mechanical expression for such rate coefficients to be used much more routinely by modelling codes. We illustrate with some collisional-radiative population modelling for hydrogen.
description: accepted in MNRAS
Additional file 13 of MicroRNA-100-5p and microRNA-298-5p released from apoptotic cortical neurons are endogenous Toll-like receptor 7/8 ligands that contribute to neurodegeneration
Creators: name: Wallach, Thomas
name: Mossmann, Zoé J.
name: Szczepek, Michal
name: Wetzel, Max
name: Machado, Rui
name: Raden, Martin
name: Miladi, Milad
name: Kleinau, Gunnar
name: Krüger, Christina
name: Dembny, Paul
name: Adler, Drew
name: Zhai, Yuanyuan
name: Kumbol, Victor
name: Dzaye, Omar
name: Schüler, Jutta
name: Futschik, Matthias
name: Backofen, Rolf
name: Scheerer, Patrick
name: Lehnardt, Seija
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 13: Table S2. miRNA concentrations used in this study given in [nm].
Stachys inanis Hausskn. & Bornm., Repert. 2020, Spec. Nov.
Creators: name: Akçiçek, Ekrem
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Lamiaceae
Stachys
Stachys inanis

description: 10. Stachys inanis Hausskn. & Bornm., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 188 (1925) (Figs. 2D, 24, 27).
Type:― TURKEY. B7 Erzincan: Mesopotamia: Egin (Kemaliye), Pasch-Tasch (Bağiştaş) Gebirge, 26 June 1889, Sintenis 948 (lecto designated by Krestovskaya 2016: JE 00002238 [photo!]; isolecto: E!, LE, S, W!; syn: Egin, Salachlü (Salihli village), in collibus nudis, 25 June 1890, Sintenis 2756 (JE-00002236 [photo!], LD!).
Description:―Plant biennial, erect, with basal rosettes of leaves on flowering shoots. Flowering axis slender, laxly paniculate, 25‒50 cm, puberulent, pruinose-glandular. Basal leaves forming rosettes, orbicular or broadly ovate, 1‒4 × 0.8‒3.7 cm, crenate to subentire at margin, obtuse or rounded at apex, cordate to cuneate at base, puberulent, prominently veined; petiole 0.6‒5.5 cm. Cauline and floral leaves ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 2‒13 × 0.5‒4 mm, subentire to entire at margin, obtuse at apex, short-petiolate (4 mm) to sessile, puberulent, spreading, gradually passing from larger to smaller size. Verticillasters 5‒15, remote, 0.4‒5.5 mm apart, 2-flowered, sometimes unilaterally 1- flowered, ebracteolate. Pedicels 1‒4 mm. Calyx ± regular, subcampanulate, 4‒5.5 mm, puberulent with scarcely sessile glands, mouth hairy; teeth ± equal, subindurate, triangular to triangular-lanceolate, 1.2‒2 mm, slightly recurved in fruit, about half to one third the length of tube, shortly mucronate (mucro ca. 0.2 mm). Corolla white, with purple markings, 8‒14 mm, tube subexserted, annulate; limb bilabiate, short hairy outside, upper lip 1.5‒3 mm, shorter than lower, emarginate, lower lip 3-lobed, middle lobe largest, rounded, 3‒4.5 mm. Stamens 4, slightly exserted from corolla tube. Nutlets oblong-elliptic, faintly trigonous, slightly winged near base, 2‒2.2 × 1.2‒1.5 mm, smooth on surface, black.
Phenology: ―Flowering between June and July.
Distribution and ecology: ―Endemic to Turkey (East Anatolia). Irano-Turanian element. Limestone screes, steppes. 1100‒1570 m elevation.
Conservation status: ―EN [Criteria B2ab(i,ii,iv)] (IUCN 2017). It It is known from a few localities with a limited number of individuals, with an area of occupancy smaller than 500 km ².
Remarks: ― Stachys inanis resembles S. munzurdagensis in habit, but it can be distinguished by the basal rosettes of leaves on flowering shoots, verticillasters 2-flowered, and nutlets smaller, oblong-elliptic, black.
description: Published as part of Akçiçek, Ekrem, 2020, Taxonomic revision of Stachys sect. Olisia (Lamiaceae: Lamioideae) in Turkey, pp. 109-148 in Phytotaxa 449 (2) on pages 137-138, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.449.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13877521