cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Unique mechanism for musculoskeletal pain defined from primary care research into enthesis response to biomechanical stress and small fibre polyneuropathy
Creators: name: A. Breck McKay
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: This poster links the defined lumbar disc 'degeneration' pathophysiology to the subperiosteal change from trauma causing new nerves, blood vessel and tissues change by pluriotent stem cell activation at the entheses. This results in bone spurring due to repeated biomechanical damage in vertebral disc and many other bony attachments. The resultant formation of osteophytes with observed joint, facet and spinal 'degeneration' changes, provides a simple explanantion, via simple  pathophysiological change, to explain why biomechanically active muscle, ligament, tendon or capsule attachments become the origin of nociceptive inputs, resulting in chronic widespread pain syndromes. This also defines how the observed spinal 'degeneration' develops over time,  following repeated micro to major trauma at the involved entheses.
Huddling behavior in emperor penguins : dynamics of huddling
Creators: name: Gilbert, C.
name: Robertson, G.
name: Maho, Y. Le
name: Naito, Y.
name: Ancel, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Although huddling was shown to be the key by which emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) save energy and sustain their breeding fast during the Antarctic winter, the intricacies of this social behavior have been poorly studied. We recorded abiotic variables with data loggers glued to the feathers of eight individually marked emperor penguins to investigate their thermoregulatory behavior and to estimate their "huddling time budget" throughout the breeding season (pairing and incubation period). Contrary to the classic view, huddling episodes were discontinuous and of short and variable duration, lasting 1.6+/-1.7 (S.D.) h on average. Despite heterogeneous huddling groups, birds had equal access to the warmth of the huddles. Throughout the breeding season, males huddled for 38+/-18% (S.D.) of their time, which raised the ambient temperature that birds were exposed to above 0 degrees C (at average external temperatures of -17 degrees C). As a consequence of tight huddles, ambient temperatures were above 20 degrees C during 13+/-12% (S.D.) of their huddling time. Ambient temperatures increased up to 37.5 degrees C, close to birds' body temperature. This complex social behavior therefore enables all breeders to get a regular and equal access to an environment which allows them to save energy and successfully incubate their eggs during the Antarctic winter.
Boundary extension effect is larger in tilt-shift photographs
Creators: name: Jiří Lukavský
name: Děchtěrenko, Filip
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: In boundary extension (BE) experiments, people report remembering the content, which was originally beyond the edges of a studied view (Intraub & Richardson, 1989). Close-up views are known to yield larger BE errors compared to wide-angle views. We tested the hypothesis that larger BE is not caused by field of view, but by perceived distance. We argue that extrapolation of visual input is more useful in the proximal space, because the view of proximal space changes more profoundly as people move in an environment. However, it is difficult to create comparable stimuli featuring proximal or distant content, because the photographs differ in spatial layout and different objects become attract attention. To overcome this problem  we used tilt-shifted photographs, because they have the same layout, evoke same semantic references, but make the impression of toy-like scenery. We presented participants (N=25) with brief study view, followed by mask and asked them to adjust the test scene zoom level to match the study view. The protocol consisted of 12 distant scenes, 12 tilt shift versions of different distant scenes and 12 fillers. We found that irrespective of the initial study view zoom level (+/-10%), the responses for tilt-shift scenes were biased by 3.1% towards more zoom-out view. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis about larger boundary extension found in proximal scenes. In a subsequent control experiment (N=32), we used gray gradient to degrade the information quality around the image boundaries and we found no changes in boundary extension effect.
Order parameter statistics in the critical quantum Ising chain
Creators: name: Lamacraft, Austen
name: Fendley, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In quantum spin systems obeying hyperscaling, the probability distribution of the total magnetization takes on a universal scaling form at criticality. We obtain this scaling function exactly for the ground state and first excited state of the critical quantum Ising spin chain. This is achieved through a remarkable relation to the partition function of the anisotropic Kondo problem, which can be computed by exploiting the integrability of the system.
Additional file 1 of Conflict-related health research in Syria, 2011–2019: a scoping review for The Lancet - AUB Commission on Syria
Creators: name: Abouzeid, Marian
name: Elzalabany, Manal K.
name: Nuwayhid, Iman
name: Jabbour, Samer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Literature Search strategy for the full scoping review.
Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project - Volume 86
Creators: name: Heath, G.R.
name: Burckle, L.H.
name: The Leg 86 Science Party
Publisher: name: U.S. Government Printing Office
Year: 1985
Subjects: Deep Sea Drilling Project
Glomar Challenger
DSDP
Leg 86
Site 576
Site 577
Site 578
Site 579
Site 580
Site 581
Western North Pacific Ocean
Northwest Pacific Ocean
Shatsky Rise
Kuroshio Current

description: This volume covers Leg 86 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel Glomar Challenger. One of the long-standing goals of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) has been to study the oceanic paleoenvironment of the western Pacific through deep sea drilling. Two complementary legs were planned to address this problem: Leg 86 in the western North Pacific and Leg 90 along the Lord Howe Rise in the western South Pacific. The primary objective of Leg 86 was to drill a north-south transect of four sites across the Kuroshio Current system, from subtropical to subarctic waters. The late Neogene sections recovered at these sites would help to unravel the preglacial and Quaternary paleoceanographic history of the Kuroshio Current system and to determine whether the Miocene onset of biosiliceous sedimentation in the region was synchronous or diachronous. Hydraulic piston coring (HPC) of two holes at each site was planned to allow a high-resolution late Neogene midlatitude stratigraphy using paleomagnetics, tephrachronology, stable isotopes (when possible), and biostratigraphy. Secondary objectives of Leg 86 included the following: First, to hydraulic piston core the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary at the Shatsky Rise for midlatitude calcareous biostratigraphic, paleomagnetic, and geochemical studies. Second, to recover a "type" North Pacific red clay section for geochemical, paleomagnetic, and geotechnical studies. Third, to determine the thickness and character of sediments at the site of the proposed Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) downhole seismometer experiment (Leg 88) to allow design of casing strings. Eleven holes at six sites, Sites 576 through 581, were occupied during Leg 86 as the Glomar Challenger sailed from Honolulu, Hawaii to Yokohama, Japan. Leg 86 took place between May and June of 1982.
Magnetic properties of transition metal dimers probed by inelastic neutron scattering
Creators: name: Ansbro, Simon
name: Moreno-Pineda, Eufemio
name: Yu, Wen
name: Ollivier, Jacques
name: Mutka, Hannu
name: Ruben, Mario
name: Chiesa, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physical characterisation and understanding of molecular magnetic materials is one of the most important steps towards the integration of such systems in hybrid spintronic devices. Amongst the many characterisation techniques employed in such a task, Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS) stands as one of the most powerful and sensitive tools to investigate their spin dynamics. Herein, the magnetic properties and spin dynamics of two dinuclear complexes, namely [(M(hfacac)$_2$)$_2$(bpym)] (where M = Ni$^{2+}$, Co$^{2+}$, abbreviated in the following as Ni$_2$, Co$_2$) are reported. These are model systems that could constitute fundamental units of future spintronic devices. By exploiting the highly sensitive IN5 Cold INS spectrometer, we are able to gain a deep insight into the spin dynamics of Ni$_2$ and to fully obtain the microscopic spin Hamiltonian parameters; while for Co$_2$, a multitude of INS transitions are observed demonstrating the complexity of the magnetic properties of octahedral cobalt-based systems.
Competing interactions in two dimensional Coulomb systems: Surface charge heterogeneities in co-assembled cationic-anionic incompatible mixtures
Creators: name: Loverde, Sharon M.
name: Velichko, Yury S.
name: de la Cruz, Monica Olvera
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A binary mixture of oppositely charged components confined to a plane such as cationic and anionic lipid bilayers may exhibit local segregation. The relative strength of the net short range interactions, which favors macroscopic segregation, and the long range electrostatic interactions, which favors mixing, determines the length scale of the finite size or microphase segregation. The free energy of the system can be examined analytically in two separate regimes, when considering small density fluctuations at high temperatures, and when considering the periodic ordering of the system at low temperatures (F. J. Solis and M. Olvera de la Cruz, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 054905 (2000)). A simple Molecular Dynamics simulation of oppositely charged monomers, interacting with a short range Lennard Jones potential and confined to a two dimensional plane, is examined at different strengths of short and long range interactions. The system exhibits well-defined domains that can be characterized by their periodic length-scale as well as the orientational ordering of their interfaces. By adding salt, the ordering of the domains disappears and the mixture macroscopically phase segregates in agreement with analytical predictions.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in J. Chem. Phys, Figure 1 included
Detection of additional Wolf-Rayet stars in the starburst cluster Westerlund 1 with SOAR
Creators: name: Groh, J. H.
name: Damineli, A.
name: Teodoro, M.
name: Barbosa, C. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of 3 additional Wolf-Rayet stars in the young cluster Westerlund 1. They were selected as emission-line star candidates based on 1 micron narrow-band imaging of the cluster carried out at OPD/LNA (Brazil), and then confirmed as Wolf-Rayet stars by K-band spectroscopy performed at the 4.1 m SOAR telescope (Chile). Together with previous works, this increases the population of Wolf-Rayet stars detected in the cluster to 22 members. Moreover, it is presented for the first time a K-band spectrum of the luminous blue variable W243, which apparently implies in a higher temperature than that derived from optical spectra taken in 2003. The WC9 star WR-F was also observed, showing clear evidence of dust emission in the K-band.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to A&A
Code and partial data for Pikounis et al. (2024)
Creators: name: Cottingham, Kathryn
name: Pikounis, Talia
name: Jackson, Brian
P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 420203
subject: Environmental epidemiology

description: Code for analyses in Pikounis et al ms relating urinary biomarkers to feeding mode in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study at 6 weeks of age, written by Kathy Cottingham (Kathryn.L.Cottingham@dartmouth.edu) and Talia Pikounis (taliapikounis@gmail.com). Please contact Kathy if you have any questions.
There are three programs:1 - Main text and Appendix 2 manuscript_figs_and_tables_2023-11-01.Rmd creates the main text analysis and the supplemental materials that appeared in the originally submitted manuscript2 - Main text analyses during revisions 2023-11-01.Rmd creates the analyses for Figures 3 and 4 that were added during the revisions process, as well as the corresponding supporting material for Appendix 23 - Appendix 3 figures_and_tables_for_non_Biomarkers_2023-11-01.Rmd creates the analyses of the 6 elements for which urine is not a reliable biomarker.Knitted PDFs for each of these programs are also included here.The R Markdown programs include calls to three data files, two with the epidemiological study data and one with data on analytical QA/QC. The QA/QC file is included here, but the epidemiological data are not publicly available due to their sensitive and identifiable nature. Requests to work with data from the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study should be directed to Margaret R. Karagas (Margaret.R.Karagas@Dartmouth.edu).
The parallel implementation of the Astrée static analyzer
Creators: name: Monniaux, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.4

description: The Astrée static analyzer is a specialized tool that can prove the absence of runtime errors, including arithmetic overflows, in large critical programs. Keeping analysis times reasonable for industrial use is one of the design objectives. In this paper, we discuss the parallel implementation of the analysis.
Aspects of radiative K^+_e3 decays
Creators: name: Kubis, Bastian
name: Müller, Eike H.
name: Gasser, Jürg
name: Schmid, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We re-investigate the radiative charged kaon decay K+- --> pi0 e+- nu_e gamma in chiral perturbation theory, merging the chiral expansion with Low's theorem. We thoroughly analyze the precision of the predicted branching ratio relative to the non-radiative decay channel. Structure dependent terms and their impact on differential decay distributions are investigated in detail, and the possibility to see effects of the chiral anomaly in this decay channel is emphasized.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
UTILIZATION OF SUGARCANE BAGASSE ASH AS SUPPLEMENTARY CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL IN CONCRETE
Creators: name: Majumder, Amlan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Cement-based composites (CBCs) are crucial in construction, but their production is fraught with environmental concerns, including high energy consumption, CO₂ emissions, and resource depletion. To address these issues, researchers are increasingly turning to supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to reduce cement use and its associated environmental impact. Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA), a byproduct of sugar production, has garnered attention as an effective SCM. Produced from burning sugarcane bagasse for energy, SCBA is often relegated to landfills, posing environmental hazards. However, its incorporation into cementitious materials not only mitigates waste disposal problems but also enhances the sustainability of construction practices by promoting a circular economy and reducing the carbon footprint of the cement industry. This thesis investigates the potential of SCBA that was obtained from Texas-based sugarcane industry as a Class F pozzolan replacement in concrete, emphasizing its physical and chemical properties and their effects on concrete mechanical and durability performance. Initial assessments revealed that raw SCBA, with its high moisture content and 15.39% loss on ignition, necessitates processing to meet ASTM standards. Cement mortar containing sieved SCBA (passing 75 μm sieve size) exhibited enhanced workability and reduced superplasticizer demand compared to concrete containing un-sieved SCBA. Heat flow results indicated a delay and reduction in peak heat flow with SCBA, beneficial for mitigating thermal cracking in mass concrete applications. Compressive strength tests showed that while SCBA mixes initially had lower strength compared to control mixes, the strength difference was less significant by 28 days, particularly at 5-10% replacement levels. Further, dynamic modulus of elasticity and drying shrinkage measurements confirmed SCBA's potential, with moderate replacement levels (5-10%) offering an optimal performance balance. SCBA's inclusion also reduced alkali-silica reaction expansion at a low SCBA replacement (5 %); any higher SCBA replacement levels, however, turned out to be less effective in ASR control, likely due to the contaminants in the SCBA. Overall, the study identifies 5-10% sieved SCBA as the optimal replacement level, maximizing sustainability, mechanical and durability performance in cementitious system. As a greener substitute for conventional SCMs like fly ash, processed SCBA has the potential to be employed as a feasible SCM in areas where sugarcane is produced in large quantities.
Code and partial data for Pikounis et al. (2024): Urinary biomarkers of exposure to toxic andessential elements: A comparison of infants fed with human milk or formula. In press in Environmental Epidemiology as of 3 January 2024.
Creators: name: Cottingham, Kathryn
name: Pikounis, Talia
name: Jackson, Brian
P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 420203
subject: Environmental epidemiology

description: Code for analyses in Pikounis et al ms relating urinary biomarkers to feeding mode in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study at 6 weeks of age, written by Kathy Cottingham (Kathryn.L.Cottingham@dartmouth.edu) and Talia Pikounis (taliapikounis@gmail.com). Please contact Kathy if you have any questions.
There are three programs:1 - Main text and Appendix 2 manuscript_figs_and_tables_2023-11-01.Rmd creates the main text analysis and the supplemental materials that appeared in the originally submitted manuscript2 - Main text analyses during revisions 2023-11-01.Rmd creates the analyses for Figures 3 and 4 that were added during the revisions process, as well as the corresponding supporting material for Appendix 23 - Appendix 3 figures_and_tables_for_non_Biomarkers_2023-11-01.Rmd creates the analyses of the 6 elements for which urine is not a reliable biomarker.Knitted PDFs for each of these programs are also included here.The R Markdown programs include calls to three data files, two with the epidemiological study data and one with data on analytical QA/QC. The QA/QC file is included here, but the epidemiological data are not publicly available due to their sensitive and identifiable nature. Requests to work with data from the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study should be directed to Margaret R. Karagas (Margaret.R.Karagas@Dartmouth.edu).
Deciding Accuracy of Differential Privacy Schemes
Creators: name: Barthe, Gilles
name: Chadha, Rohit
name: Krogmeier, Paul
name: Sistla, A. Prasad
name: Viswanathan, Mahesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.3.1

description: Differential privacy is a mathematical framework for developing statistical computations with provable guarantees of privacy and accuracy. In contrast to the privacy component of differential privacy, which has a clear mathematical and intuitive meaning, the accuracy component of differential privacy does not have a generally accepted definition; accuracy claims of differential privacy algorithms vary from algorithm to algorithm and are not instantiations of a general definition. We identify program discontinuity as a common theme in existing \emph{ad hoc} definitions and introduce an alternative notion of accuracy parametrized by, what we call, {\distance} -- the {\distance} of an input $x$ w.r.t., a deterministic computation $f$ and a distance $d$, is the minimal distance $d(x,y)$ over all $y$ such that $f(y)\neq f(x)$. We show that our notion of accuracy subsumes the definition used in theoretical computer science, and captures known accuracy claims for differential privacy algorithms. In fact, our general notion of accuracy helps us prove better claims in some cases. Next, we study the decidability of accuracy. We first show that accuracy is in general undecidable. Then, we define a non-trivial class of probabilistic computations for which accuracy is decidable (unconditionally, or assuming Schanuel's conjecture). We implement our decision procedure and experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of our approach for generating proofs or counterexamples of accuracy for common algorithms from the literature.
Understanding heavy fermion from generalized statistics
Creators: name: Kaupp, Y.
name: Liraki, S.
name: Tayurskii, D.
name: Useinovb, A.
name: Kaabouchi, A. El
name: Nivanen, L.
name: Minisini, B.
name: Tsobnang, F.
name: Méhauté, A. Le
name: Wang, Q. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heavy electrons in superconducting materials are widely studied with the Kondo lattice t-J model. Numerical results have shown that the Fermi surface of these correlated particles undergoes a flattening effect according to the coupling degree J. This behaviour is not easy to understand from the theoretical point of view within standard Fermi-Dirac statistics and non-standard theories such as fractional exclusion statistics for anyons and Tsallis nonextensive statistics. The present work is an attempt to account for the heavy electron distribution within incomplete statistics (IS) which is developed for complex systems with interactions which make the statistics incomplete such that sum_i p_i^q=1. The parameter q, when different from unity, characterizes the incompleteness of the statistics. It is shown that the correlated electrons can be described with the help of IS with q related to the coupling constant J in the context of Kondo model
Additional file 1 of Dynamic changes in genetic diversity, drug resistance mutations, and treatment outcomes of falciparum malaria from the low-transmission to the pre-elimination phase on the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe
Creators: name: Chen, Ying-An
name: Shiu, Tsen-Ju
name: Tseng, Lien-Fen
name: Cheng, Chien-Fu
name: Shih, Wei-Liang
name: de Assunção Carvalho, Arlindo Vicente
name: Tsai, Kun-Hsien
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Monthly malaria cases in HAM from 2010 to 2016. Fig. S2. Sequence alignment of MSP1 haplotypes. Fig. S3. Phylogenetic tree of the msp1 sequences from STP and other countries. Fig. S4. Sequence alignment of MSP2 haplotypes. Fig. S5. Temporal changes of pfmdr1 and pfcrt polymorphisms in 60 pre-treatment samples from 2014 to 2016. Fig. S6. Relationship between initial parasite density, treatment types, and parasitological treatment failures. Table S1. Substitutions of pfmdr1 and pfcrt genotypes after treatment in seven recurrent infections.
Stable ordered phases of cuprous iodide with complexes of copper vacancies
Creators: name: Jaschik, Stefan
name: Marques, Mário R. G.
name: Seifert, Michael
name: Rödl, Claudia
name: Botti, Silvana
name: Marques, Miguel A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform an exhaustive theoretical study of the phase diagram of Cu-I binaries, focusing on Cu-poor compositions, relevant for p-type transparent conduction. We find that the interaction between neighboring Cu vacancies is the determining factor that stabilizes non-stoichiometric zincblende phases. This interaction leads to defect complexes where Cu vacancies align preferentially along the [100] crystallographic direction. It turns out that these defect complexes have an important influence on hole conductivity, as they lead to dispersive conducting $p$-states that extend up to around 0.8 eV above the Fermi level. We furthermore observe a characteristic peak in the density of electronic states, which could provide an experimental signature for this type of defect complexes.
Problems which are well-posed in a generalized sense with applications to the Einstein equations
Creators: name: Kreiss, H. -O.
name: Winicour, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the harmonic description of general relativity, the principle part of Einstein equations reduces to a constrained system of 10 curved space wave equations for the components of the space-time metric. We use the pseudo-differential theory of systems which are well-posed in the generalized sense to establish the well-posedness of constraint preserving boundary conditions for this system when treated in second order differential form. The boundary conditions are of a generalized Sommerfeld type that is benevolent for numerical calculation.
description: Final version to appear in Classical and Qunatum Gravity
Additional file 1 of Drift of an ocean bottom electromagnetometer from the Bonin to Ryukyu Islands: estimation of the path and travel time by numerical tracking experiments
Creators: name: Tada, Noriko
name: Nishikawa, Haruka
name: Ichihara, Hiroshi
name: Watanabe, Hiromi Kayama
name: Kuwatani, Tatsu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Photo shows an OBEM float on the sea surface. It does not sink unless one of the glass spheres is broken or is flooded by water. Figure S2. (a) Initial particle positions around Iriomote Island in the particle back-tracking simulations. Dots are the initial particle positions, and the center of the triangle marks where the OBEM was found on the beach. These initial positions were set to include only the eastern side of the true arrival position because much of the western side includes the island itself, and because the arrival site faces the east. (b) Target area around Nishinoshima in the particle back-tracking simulations. The thick square encloses the 1° × 1° target area around Nishinoshima (center of the star). Any particles that were traced back to this target area were considered to have originated from Nishinoshima. Figure S3. (a) Two typical particle trajectories. The open star shows their confluence, and the black stars show their two end points, Nishinoshima and Iriomote Island. Dashed rectangular indicates the enlarged area. (b) Velocity field on 20 December 2020. The open star shows the confluence point. Red vectors in the left panel represent eastward flow, and blue vectors represent westward flow. The right panel shows the particle trajectories as same as Fig. S3a on the enlarged map of the area around the confluence point and the STCC. Shading highlights the remarkable eastward current. (c) Velocity field on 10 November 2020.
Gravitational anti-screening as an alternative to dark matter
Creators: name: Penner, A. Raymond
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A semi-classical model of the screening of electric charge by virtual electric dipoles, as found in electrodynamic theory, will be presented. This model is then applied to the hypothetical case of an electric force where like charges attract. The resulting anti-screening of the electric charge is found to have the same functional dependence on the field source and observation distance that is found with the Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relationship. This leads to an anti-screening model for the gravitational force which is then used to determine the theoretical rotational curve of the Galaxy and the theoretical velocity dispersions and shear values for the Coma cluster. These theoretical results are found to be in good agreement with the corresponding astronomical observations. The screening of electric charge as found in QED and the larger apparent masses of galaxies and galactic clusters therefore appears to be two sides of the same coin.
Nearby Supernova Factory Observations of SN 2005gj: Another Type Ia Supernova in a Massive Circumstellar Envelope
Creators: name: The Nearby Supernova Factory Collaboration
name: Aldering, G.
name: Antilogus, P.
name: Bailey, S.
name: Baltay, C.
name: Bauer, A.
name: Blanc, N.
name: Bongard, S.
name: Copin, Y.
name: Gangler, E.
name: Gilles, S.
name: Kessler, R.
name: Kocevski, D.
name: Lee, B. C.
name: Loken, S.
name: Nugent, P.
name: Pain, R.
name: Pecontal, E.
name: Pereira, R.
name: Perlmutter, S.
name: Rabinowitz, D.
name: Rigaudier, G.
name: Scalzo, R.
name: Smadja, G.
name: Thomas, R. C.
name: Wang, L.
name: Weaver, B. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report Nearby Supernova Factory observations of SN 2005gj, the second confirmed case of a "hybrid" Type Ia/IIn supernova. Our early-phase photometry of SN 2005gj shows that the interaction is much stronger than for the prototype, SN 2002ic. Our first spectrum shows a hot continuum with broad and narrow H-alpha emission. Later spectra, spanning over 4 months from outburst, show clear Type Ia features combined with broad and narrow H-gamma, H-beta, H-alpha and HeI 5876,7065 in emission. At higher resolution, P Cygni profiles are apparent. Surprisingly, we also observe an inverted P Cygni profile for [OIII] 5007. We find that the lightcurve and measured velocity of the unshocked circumstellar material imply mass loss as recently as 8 years ago. The early lightcurve is well-described by a flat radial density profile for the circumstellar material. However, our decomposition of the spectra into Type Ia and shock emission components allows for little obscuration of the supernova, suggesting an aspherical or clumpy distribution for the circumstellar material. We suggest that the emission line velocity profiles arise from electron scattering rather than the kinematics of the shock. This is supported by the inferred high densities, and the lack of evidence for evolution in the line widths. Ground- and space-based photometry, and Keck spectroscopy, of the host galaxy are used to ascertain that the host galaxy has low metallicity Z/Zsun < 0.3; (95% confidence) and that this galaxy is undergoing a significant star formation event that began roughly 200+/-70 Myr ago. We discuss the implications of these observations for progenitor models and cosmology using Type Ia supernovae.
description: 50 pages, 12 figures; accepted to ApJ. Note: online abstract is abbreviated
Comment to: Corrections to the fine structure constant in the spacetime of a cosmic string from the generalized uncertainty principle
Creators: name: Marques, Geusa de A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the paper [F. Nasseri, Phys. Lett. B 632 (2006) 151--154], F. Nasseri supposed that the value of the angular momentum for the Bohr's atom in the presence of the cosmic string is quantized in units of ℏ. Using this assumption it was obtained an incorrect expression for Bohr radius in this scenario. In this comment I want to point out that this assumption is not correct and present a corrected expression for the Bohr radius in this background.
description: This paper was published in Phys. Lett.B
Energy Management in Wireless Communications with Energy Storage Imperfections
Creators: name: Akın, Sami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, energy harvesting has taken a considerable attention in wireless communication research. Nonetheless, the stochastic nature of renewable energy sources has become one of the research problems, and energy storage has been proposed as a solution to deal with it. Initially, researchers regarded a perfect battery model without energy losses during storage because of its simplicity and compatibility in wireless communication analysis. However, a battery model that reflects practical concerns should include energy losses. In this paper, we consider an energy harvesting wireless communication model with a battery that has energy losses during charging and discharging. We consider energy underflows (i.e., the energy level falls below a certain threshold in a battery) as the energy management concern, and characterize the energy underflow probability and provide a simple exponential formulation by employing the large deviation principle and queueing theory. Specifically, we benefit from the similarity between the battery and data buffer models. We further coin the available space decay rate at a battery as a parameter to indicate the energy consumption performance. We further outline an approach to set the energy demand policy to meet the energy management requirements that rule the energy underflow probability as a constraint. We finally substantiate our analytical findings with numerical demonstrations, and compare the transmission performance levels of a transmission system with a battery that has energy losses and a transmission system that consumes the energy as soon as it is harvested.
Christian Weiß, Hans-Martin Kunz (Hrsg.) (2002): Goldenes Bengalen? Essays zur Geschichte, sozialen Entwicklung und Kultur Bangladeschs und des inidschen Bundesstaats Westbengalen
Creators: name: Bärthlein, Thomas
Publisher: name: Südasien
Year: 2024

description: Südasien, Bd. 22 Nr. 1 (2002): Südasiens Konflikte nach dem 11. September
Mechanisms underlying the effects of marine herbivores : implications for a low intertidal kelp community
Creators: name: Markel, Russell W.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Rocky low intertidal communities structured by the canopy forming kelp Hedophyllum sessile and the generalist herbivore Katharina tunicata are typical of semiexposed coasts of British Columbia. Katharina tunicata is capable of removing the community supporting canopy formed by H. sessile . Mechanisms which determine and mediate the interaction between this alga and herbivore are investigated. Densities of Katharina tunicata were manipulated within the range of densities found on the shore, without the use of artificial barriers, and the percent cover, density, population structure and demography of Hedophyllum sessile were monitored to determine the effects of these manipulations. Differential susceptibility of H. sessile holdfast size classes are shown to account for the rapid decline of H. sessile abundance in areas of high chiton density. These data are used to quantify the mechanism referred to as 'an escape in size.' Several lines of evidence suggest that the mechanism of K. tunicata interaction with H. sessile adults is an indirect effect whereby holdfast integrity is degraded, making individuals of H. sessile more susceptible to wave-induced mortality. The implications of this mechanism for observed geographic variation in K. tunicata interaction strength are discussed. The potential role of polyphenolics (anti-herbivore secondary metabolites) in the interaction between Hedophyllum sessile and Katharina tunicata is examined. Three experiments determined that: (1) H. sessile is a phenolic-rich species (5-7% H. sessile dry weight), (2) induction of phenolic production does not occur within three days of simulated wounding, (3) individuals of H. sessile from areas of naturally high and low herbivore densities do not differ in phenolic content, and (4) juvenile H. sessile tissue contains significantly more phenolics than adult vegetative tissue but adult reproductive and vegetative tissues do not differ. These results are discussed in terms of both present-day and evolutionary ecological importance. By monitoring the Hedophyllum sessile understory community during the chiton density manipulation experiment, and performing descriptive investigations during the same time period, several direct and indirect interactions were revealed which are potentially important determinants of the structure of this community. These interactions are used to construct three interaction webs which distinguish between the interactions experienced by juvenile and adult H. sessile. A model of the annual successional trajectory of this low intertidal kelp community is used to summarize the findings of this thesis.
Qubit-photon interactions in a cavity: Measurement induced dephasing and number splitting
Creators: name: Gambetta, Jay
name: Blais, Alexandre
name: Schuster, D. I.
name: Wallraff, A.
name: Frunzio, L.
name: Majer, J.
name: Devoret, M. H.
name: Girvin, S. M.
name: Schoelkopf, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study measurement induced-dephasing of a superconducting qubit in the circuit QED architecture and compare the results to those obtained experimentally by Schuster {\it et al.}, [Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 123602 (2005)]. Strong coupling of the qubit to the resonator leads to a significant ac-Stark shift of the qubit transition frequency. As a result, quantum fluctuations in the photon number populating the resonator cause dephasing of the qubit. We find good agreement between the predicted line shape of the qubit spectrum and the experimental results. Furthermore, in the strong dispersive limit, where the Stark shift per photon is large compared to the cavity decay rate and the qubit linewidth, we predict that the qubit spectrum will be split into multiple peaks, with each peak corresponding to a different number of photons in the cavity.
description: 15 pages and 10 figures. Section IV revised. Author and references added. Version with high resolution figures available at available at http://www.physique.usherbrooke.ca/~ablais/publications.htm
Additional file 1 of Training programs to improve identification of sick newborns and care-seeking from a health facility in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Creators: name: Fung, Alastair
name: Hamilton, Elisabeth
name: Du Plessis, Elsabé
name: Askin, Nicole
name: Avery, Lisa
name: Crockett, Maryanne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. 1 PRISMA-ScR checklist. PRISMA-ScR checklist.
A nonextensive approach to Bose-Einstein condensation of trapped interacting boson gas
Creators: name: Lawani, A.
name: Meur, J. Le
name: Tayurskii, D.
name: Kaabouchi, A. El
name: Nivanen, L.
name: Minisini, B.
name: Tsobnang, F.
name: Pezeril, M.
name: Méhauté, A. Le
name: Wang, Q. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the Bose-Einstein condensation of interacting atoms or molecules such as 87Rb, 23Na and 7Li, the theoretical understanding of the transition temperature is not always obvious due to the interactions or zero point energy which cannot be exactly taken into account. The S-wave collision model fails sometimes to account for the condensation temperatures. In this work, we look at the problem within the nonextensive statistics which is considered as a possible theory describing interacting systems. The generalized energy Uq and the particle number Nq of boson gas are given in terms of the nonextensive parameter q. q>1 (q<1) implies repulsive (attractive) interaction with respect to the perfect gas. The generalized condensation temperature Tcq is derived versus Tc given by the perfect gas theory. Thanks to the observed condensation temperatures, we find q ~ 0.1 for 87Rb atomic gas, q ~ 0.95 for 7Li and q ~ 0.62 for 23Na. It is concluded that the effective interactions are essentially attractive for the three considered atoms, which is consistent with the observed temperatures higher than those predicted by the conventional theory.
Application of Transformation Optics for the Purpose of Cloaking
Creators: name: Sidhwa, H. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advent of transformation optics has lead to the initiation of designing devices and applications associated to electromagnetic wave propagation in anisotropic media. Here, a method is suggested using a coordinate transformation with spherical coordinates for the purpose of designing a three dimensional cloak for a body having an arbitrary convex geometry. For the purpose of verification of the algorithm, a ray tracing process is carried out for an ellipsoid having axial symmetry.
The effects of norepinephrine on the activity of the Na+/H+ exchanger in acutely dissociated adult rat hippocampal CA1 neurons
Creators: name: Smith, Garth Andrew Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The effects of norepinephrine on resting intracellular pH (pH;) and on the rate of recovery of pH; following an imposed intracellular acid load were investigated in acutely dissociated adult rat hippocampal CA1 neurons loaded with the fluorescent hydrogen ion indicator, 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein. During perfusion with HC037C02-free, HEPES-buffered media, the dominant acid extrusion mechanism utilized by these neurons was an amiloride-insensitive variant of the Na7H+ exchanger. In HC037C02-buffered saline, acid extrusion was supplemented by the activity of a 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid-sensitive, Na+ - dependent HCOy/Q" exchanger which also contributed to the maintenance of resting pH: . Norepinephrine 10 uM evoked a rise in resting pH; that was long-lasting and increased the rate of pH; recovery from an imposed intracellular acidification in both the absence and presence of external HCGy. The effects of norepinephrine were attenuated by the non-selective R-adrenergic receptor antagonist, propranolol, and were mimicked both by the mixed (3-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol and by the selective p,- and p2- adrenergic receptor agonists dobutamine and terbutaline, respectively, cc-adrenoceptor agonists affected neither steady-state pLf nor the rate of pHj recovery from an imposed acid load. The norepinephrine-induced increase in resting pH; and in the rate of pH; recovery from an imposed acid load were independent of changes in intracellular free [Ca2+] and were mimicked by the acute application of cholera toxin, forskolin or SpcAMPS in the absence of norepinephrine. Conversely, the effects of norepinephrine were occluded by 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine, Rp-cAMPS and H-89. The results indicate not only that norepinephrine can augment the activity of the Na7H+ exchanger through the activation of p-adrenergic receptors, Gs a , cAMP, and protein kinase A but also that the second messengers themselves are able to alter the activity of the Na7H+ exchanger. The ability of norepinephrine to alter pH, via modulation of the activity of the dominant acid extrusion mechanism present in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons may constitute a mechanism to dissipate rapidly intracellular acid loads produced by the actions of other neurotransmitters such as glutamate and may subserve some of the reported P-adrenergic receptor-mediated effects of norepinephrine in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.
Study of a Plane Free Jet Exhausting from a Channel by Vortex in Cell Method
Creators: name: Knani, Mohamed Ali
name: Boisson, Henri-Claude
name: Giovannini, André
name: Lili, Taieb
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A two-dimensional simulation of a plane jet exhausting from a channel has been performed using the vortex in cell algorithm in the Reynolds number range of 100 to 900. The vorticity is generated on the wall of the entrance channel whose length has been fixed in order to obtain a fully developed velocity profile at the entry of the jet. The transient behaviour of the velocity field starting from rest has been observed until reaching a quasi steady regime. The mean value of the velocity field is compared with the results of a finite volume computation on the same mesh. The velocity fluctuations obtained using this method are analysed. Their effect on the mean flow is estimated to be smaller than the viscous effect.
Additional file 2 of Training programs to improve identification of sick newborns and care-seeking from a health facility in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Creators: name: Fung, Alastair
name: Hamilton, Elisabeth
name: Du Plessis, Elsabé
name: Askin, Nicole
name: Avery, Lisa
name: Crockett, Maryanne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Full electronic search strategy for Medline (Ovid). Full electronic search strategy for Medline (Ovid).
Low-temperature phase transformations of PZT in the morphotropic phase-boundary region
Creators: name: Cordero, F.
name: Craciun, F.
name: Galassi, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present anelastic and dielectric spectroscopy measurements of PbZr(1-x)Ti(x)O(3) with 0.455 < x < 0.53, which provide new information on the low temperature phase transitions. The tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation is first-order for x < 0.48 and causes a softening of the polycrystal Young's modulus whose amplitude may exceed the one at the cubic-to-tetragonal transformation; this is explainable in terms of linear coupling between shear strain components and tilting angle of polarization in the monoclinic phase. The transition involving rotations of the octahedra below 200 K is visible both in the dielectric and anelastic losses, and it extends within the tetragonal phase, as predicted by recent first-principle calculations.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures