cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
ASCON: Anatomy-aware Supervised Contrastive Learning Framework for Low-dose CT Denoising
Creators: name: Chen, Zhihao
name: Gao, Qi
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Shan, Hongming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While various deep learning methods have been proposed for low-dose computed tomography (CT) denoising, most of them leverage the normal-dose CT images as the ground-truth to supervise the denoising process. These methods typically ignore the inherent correlation within a single CT image, especially the anatomical semantics of human tissues, and lack the interpretability on the denoising process. In this paper, we propose a novel Anatomy-aware Supervised CONtrastive learning framework, termed ASCON, which can explore the anatomical semantics for low-dose CT denoising while providing anatomical interpretability. The proposed ASCON consists of two novel designs: an efficient self-attention-based U-Net (ESAU-Net) and a multi-scale anatomical contrastive network (MAC-Net). First, to better capture global-local interactions and adapt to the high-resolution input, an efficient ESAU-Net is introduced by using a channel-wise self-attention mechanism. Second, MAC-Net incorporates a patch-wise non-contrastive module to capture inherent anatomical information and a pixel-wise contrastive module to maintain intrinsic anatomical consistency. Extensive experimental results on two public low-dose CT denoising datasets demonstrate superior performance of ASCON over state-of-the-art models. Remarkably, our ASCON provides anatomical interpretability for low-dose CT denoising for the first time. Source code is available at https://github.com/hao1635/ASCON.
description: MICCAI 2023
Momentum Gauge Fields and Non-Commutative Space-Time
Creators: name: Guendelman, E.
name: Singleton, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we present a gauge principle that starts with the momentum space representation of the position operator (${\hat x}_i = i \hbar \frac{\partial}{\partial p_i}$) rather than starting with the position space representation of the momentum operator (${\hat p}_i = -i \hbar \frac{\partial}{\partial x_i}$). We discuss some simple examples with this new type of gauge theory: (i) analog solutions from ordinary gauge theory in this momentum gauge theory, (ii) Landau levels using momentum gauge fields, (iii) the emergence of non-commutative space-times from the momentum gauge fields. We find that the non-commutative space-time parameter can be momentum dependent, and one can construct a model where space-time is commutative at low momentum but becomes non-commutative at high momentum.
description: 17 pages, this last version is to appear in the Symmetry in the Steven Weinberg Memorial special issue, discussion on mixing between momentum and ordinary magnetic fields and the relation with analogous mixings in the standard model that define photon and Z boson has been added
Effective-Hamiltonian theory: An approximation to the equilibrium state of open quantum systems
Creators: name: Anto-Sztrikacs, Nicholas
name: Min, Brett
name: Brenes, Marlon
name: Segal, Dvira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend and benchmark the recently-developed Effective-Hamiltonian (EFFH) method [PRX Quantum $\bf{4}$, 020307 (2023)] as an approximation to the equilibrium state ("mean-force Gibbs state") of a quantum system at strong coupling to a thermal bath. The EFFH method is an approximate framework. Through a combination of the reaction-coordinate mapping, a polaron transformation and a controlled truncation, it imprints the system-bath coupling parameters into the system's Hamiltonian. First, we develop a $\textit{variational}$ EFFH technique. In this method, system's parameters are renormalized by both the system-bath coupling parameters (as in the original EFFH approach) and the bath's temperature. Second, adopting the generalized spin-boson model, we benchmark the equilibrium state from the EFFH treatment against numerically-exact simulations and demonstrate a good agreement for both polarization and coherences using the Brownian spectral function. Third, we contrast the (normal and variational) EFFH approach with the familiar (normal and variational) polaron treatment. We show that the two methods predict a similar structure for the equilibrium state, albeit the EFFH approach offers the advantage of simpler calculations and closed-form analytical results. Altogether, we argue that for temperatures comparable to the system's frequencies, the EFFH methodology provides a good approximation for the mean-force Gibbs state in the full range of system-bath coupling, from ultraweak to ultrastrong.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures
Hindered magnetic dipole transitions between P-wave bottomonia and coupled-channel effects
Creators: name: Guo, Feng-Kun
name: Meißner, Ulf-G.
name: Yang, Zhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the hindered magnetic dipole transitions of heavy quarkonia, the coupled-channel effects originating from the coupling of quarkonia to a pair of heavy and anti-heavy mesons can play a dominant role. Here, we study the hindered magnetic dipole transitions between two $P$-wave bottomonia, $χ_b(n P)$ and $h_b(n^\prime P)$, with $n\neq n^\prime$. In these processes the coupled-channel effects are expected to lead to partial widths much larger than the quark model predictions. We estimate these partial widths which, however, are very sensitive to unknown coupling constants related to the vertices $χ_{b0}(nP)B\bar B$. A measurement of the hindered M1 transitions can shed light on the coupled-channel dynamics in these transitions and hence on the size of the coupling constants. We also suggest to check the coupled-channel effects by comparing results from quenched and fully dynamical lattice QCD calculations.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, version accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
Holographically Viable Extensions of Topologically Massive and Minimal Massive Gravity?
Creators: name: Altas, Emel
name: Tekin, Bayram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, an extension of the topologically massive gravity (TMG) in $2+1$ dimensions, dubbed as minimal massive gravity (MMG), was found which is free of the bulk-boundary unitarity clash that inflicts the former theory and all the other known three dimensional theories. Field equations of MMG differ from those of TMG at quadratic terms in the curvature that do not come from the variation of an action depending on the metric alone. Here we show that MMG is a unique theory and there does not exist a deformation of TMG or MMG at the cubic and quartic order (and beyond) in the curvature that is consistent at the level of the field equations. The only extension of TMG with the desired bulk and boundary properties having a single massive degree of freedom is MMG.
description: 10 pages, references added, almost matches the published version
Review of Energy Policy 2021
Creators: name: Gross, Rob
name: Bradshaw, Mike
name: Bridge, Gavin
name: Weszkalnys, Gisa
name: Rattle, Imogen
name: Taylor, Peter
name: Lowes, Richard
name: Qadrdan, Meysam
name: Wu, Jianzhong
name: Anable, Jillian
name: Beaumont, Nicola
name: Hastings, Astley
name: Holland, Rob
name: Lovett, Andrew
name: Shepherd, Anita
Publisher: name: UK Energy Research Centre
Year: 2021

description: 2021 has been a landmark year for UK energy and climate policy. Plans and strategies were announced across many sectors, from offshore wind to how we heat our homes. The UK also hosted COP26 and pressed hard for greater ambition. Now that the spotlight has moved, in this Review, we consider whether plans will be adequate to deliver results. With a focus on gas and the UK continental shelf, industrial decarbonisation, heat, mobility and the environment, we look at developments both at home and internationally and ask whether the UK is a leader in decarbonisation, and if the transition is being managed as well as it could be.
Electron optics with ballistic graphene junctions
Creators: name: Chen, Shaowen
name: Han, Zheng
name: Elahi, Mirza M.
name: Habib, K. M. Masum
name: Wang, Lei
name: Wen, Bo
name: Gao, Yuanda
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Hone, James
name: Ghosh, Avik W.
name: Dean, Cory R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrons transmitted across a ballistic semiconductor junction undergo refraction, analogous to light rays across an optical boundary. A pn junction theoretically provides the equivalent of a negative index medium, enabling novel electron optics such as negative refraction and perfect (Veselago) lensing. In graphene, the linear dispersion and zero-gap bandstructure admit highly transparent pn junctions by simple electrostatic gating, which cannot be achieved in conventional semiconductors. Moreover ballistic transport over micron length scales at ambient temperature has been realized, providing an ideal platform to realize a new generation of device based on electron lensing. Robust demonstration of these effects, however, has not been forthcoming. Here we employ transverse magnetic focusing to probe propagation across an electrostatically defined graphene junction. We find perfect agreement with the predicted Snells law for electrons, including observation of both positive and negative refraction. Resonant transmission across the pn junction provides a direct measurement of the angle dependent transmission coefficient, and we demonstrate good agreement with theory. Comparing experimental data with simulation reveals the crucial role played by the effective junction width, providing guidance for future device design. Our results pave the way for realizing novel electron optics based on graphene pn junctions.
Analysis of Time- versus Event-Triggered Consensus for a Single-Integrator Multi-Agent System
Creators: name: Meister, David
name: Aurzada, Frank
name: Lifshits, Mikhail A.
name: Allgöwer, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: It is well known that the employed triggering scheme has great impact on the control performance when control loops operate under scarce communication resources. Various practical and simulative works have demonstrated the potential of event-triggered control to reduce communication while providing a similar performance level when compared to time-triggered control. For non-cooperative networked control systems, analytical performance comparisons of time- and event-triggered control support this finding under certain assumptions. While being well-studied in the non-cooperative setting, it remains unclear if and how the performance relationship of the triggering schemes is altered in a multi-agent system setup. To close this gap, in this paper, we consider a homogeneous single-integrator multi-agent consensus problem for which we compare the performance of time- and event-triggered control schemes analytically. Under the assumption of equal average triggering rates, we use the long-term average of the quadratic deviation from consensus as a performance measure to contrast the triggering schemes. Contrary to the non-cooperative setting, we prove that event-triggered control performs worse than time-triggered control beyond a certain number of agents in this setup. In addition, we derive the asymptotic order of the performance measure as a function of the number of agents under both triggering schemes.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, accepted: 61st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC 2022)
Topologically induced fractional Hall steps in the integer quantum Hall regime of $MoS_2$
Creators: name: Islam, SK Firoz
name: Benjamin, Colin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum magnetotransport properties of a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide are derived using linear response theory. Especially, the effect of topological terms on longitudinal and Hall conductivity is analyzed. The Hall conductivity exhibits fractional steps in the integer quantum Hall regime. Further complete spin and valley polarization of the longitudinal conductivity is seen in presence of these topological terms. Finally, the Shubnikov-de Hass oscillations are suppressed or enhanced contingent on the sign of these topological terms.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Nanotechnology (2016)
The dual space of a complex Banach space restricted to the field of real numbers
Creators: name: Bégout, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Solutions of some partial differential equations are obtained as critical points of a real funtional. Then the Banach space where this functional is defined has to be real, otherwise, it is not differentiable. It follows that the equation is solved with respect to the real dual space of this Banach space. But if the solution is complex-valued there is the following problem: what does the multiplication of this equation by a complex number mean ? In this note, we explain how to rigorously define this operation.
UV-Bright Star-Forming Clumps and Their Host Galaxies in UVCANDELS at 0.5 $\leq$ z $\leq$ 1
Creators: name: Martin, Alec
name: Guo, Yicheng
name: Wang, Xin
name: Koekemoer, Anton M.
name: Rafelski, Marc
name: Teplitz, Harry I.
name: Windhorst, Rogier A.
name: Alavi, Anahita
name: Grogin, Norman A.
name: Prichard, Laura
name: Sunnquist, Ben
name: Ceverino, Daniel
name: Chartab, Nima
name: Conselice, Christopher J.
name: Dai, Y. Sophia
name: Dekel, Avishai
name: Gardner, Johnathan P.
name: Gawiser, Eric
name: Hathi, Nimish P.
name: Hayes, Matthew J.
name: Jansen, Rolf A.
name: Ji, Zhiyuan
name: Koo, David C.
name: Lucas, Ray A.
name: Mandelker, Nir
name: Mehta, Vihang
name: Mobasher, Bahram
name: Nedkova, Kalina V.
name: Primack, Joel
name: Ravindranath, Swara
name: Robertson, Brant E.
name: Rutkowski, Michael J.
name: Sattari, Zahra
name: Soto, Emmaris
name: Yung, L. Y. Aaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Giant star-forming clumps are a prominent feature of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and contain important clues on galaxy formation and evolution. However, basic demographics of clumps and their host galaxies remain uncertain. Using the HST/WFC3 F275W images from the Ultraviolet Imaging of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (UVCANDELS), we detect and analyze giant star-forming clumps in galaxies at 0.5 $\leq$ z $\leq$ 1, connecting two epochs when clumps are common (at cosmic high-noon, z $\sim$ 2) and rare (in the local universe). We construct a clump sample whose rest-frame 1600 Å luminosity is 3 times higher than the most luminous local HII regions (M$_{UV} \leq -$16 AB). In our sample, 35 $\pm$ 3$\%$ of low-mass galaxies (log[M$_{*}$/M$_{\odot}$] $<$ 10) are clumpy (i.e., containing at least one off-center clump). This fraction changes to 22 $\pm$ 3$\%$ and 22 $\pm$ 4$\%$ for intermediate (10 $\leq$ log[M$_{*}$/M$_{\odot}$] $\leq$ 10.5) and high-mass (log[M$_{*}$/M$_{\odot}$] $>$ 10.5) galaxies in agreement with previous studies. When compared to similar-mass non-clumpy SFGs, low- and intermediate-mass clumpy SFGs tend to have higher SFRs and bluer rest-frame U-V colors, while high-mass clumpy SFGs tend to be larger than non-clumpy SFGs. However, clumpy and non-clumpy SFGs have similar Sérsic index, indicating a similar underlying density profile. Furthermore, we investigate how UV luminosity of star-forming regions correlates with the physical properties of host galaxies. On average, more luminous star-forming regions reside in more luminous, smaller, and/or higher-specific SFR galaxies and are found closer to their hosts' galactic center.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Scalable 3D printing for topological mechanical metamaterials
Creators: name: Bergne, Achilles
name: Baardink, Guido
name: Loukaides, Evripides G
name: Souslov, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mechanical metamaterials are structures designed to exhibit an exotic response, such as topological soft modes at a surface. Here we explore single-material 3D prints of these topological structures by translating a ball-and-spring model into a physical prototype. By uniaxially compressing the 3D-printed solid having marginal rigidity, we observe that the surfaces are consistently softer than the bulk. However, we also find that either of two opposite surfaces can be the softest, in contrast to the topologically robust predictions of the linear model. Finite-element simulations allow us to bridge this gap. We explore how the printing geometry and deformation amplitude could affect surface softness. For small strains, we find qualitative agreement with the ball-and-spring model but, surprisingly, nonlinear deformations can select which side is softest. Our work contextualizes the predictions of topological mechanics for real 3D materials and their potential for cushioning applications.
description: 11 pages, including 5 main figures and 2 supplementary figures. See https://youtu.be/4vA8DIyccLo for Supplementary Video
DiffusAL: Coupling Active Learning with Graph Diffusion for Label-Efficient Node Classification
Creators: name: Gilhuber, Sandra
name: Busch, Julian
name: Rotthues, Daniel
name: Frey, Christian M. M.
name: Seidl, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Node classification is one of the core tasks on attributed graphs, but successful graph learning solutions require sufficiently labeled data. To keep annotation costs low, active graph learning focuses on selecting the most qualitative subset of nodes that maximizes label efficiency. However, deciding which heuristic is best suited for an unlabeled graph to increase label efficiency is a persistent challenge. Existing solutions either neglect aligning the learned model and the sampling method or focus only on limited selection aspects. They are thus sometimes worse or only equally good as random sampling. In this work, we introduce a novel active graph learning approach called DiffusAL, showing significant robustness in diverse settings. Toward better transferability between different graph structures, we combine three independent scoring functions to identify the most informative node samples for labeling in a parameter-free way: i) Model Uncertainty, ii) Diversity Component, and iii) Node Importance computed via graph diffusion heuristics. Most of our calculations for acquisition and training can be pre-processed, making DiffusAL more efficient compared to approaches combining diverse selection criteria and similarly fast as simpler heuristics. Our experiments on various benchmark datasets show that, unlike previous methods, our approach significantly outperforms random selection in 100% of all datasets and labeling budgets tested.
description: Accepted @ ECML PKDD 2023. This is the author's version of the work. The definitive Version of Record will be published in the Proceedings of ECML PKDD 2023
Entanglement Entropy of Non-Hermitian Eigenstates and the Ginibre Ensemble
Creators: name: Cipolloni, Giorgio
name: Kudler-Flam, Jonah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement entropy is a powerful tool in characterizing universal features in quantum many-body systems. In quantum chaotic Hermitian systems, typical eigenstates have near maximal entanglement with very small fluctuations. Here, we show that for Hamiltonians displaying non-Hermitian many-body quantum chaos, modeled by the Ginibre ensemble, the entanglement entropy of typical eigenstates is greatly suppressed. The entropy does not grow with the Hilbert space dimension for sufficiently large systems and the fluctuations are of equal order. We derive the novel entanglement spectrum that has infinite support in the complex plane and strong energy dependence. We provide evidence of universality and similar behavior is found in the non-Hermitian Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (nSYK) model, indicating the general applicability of the Ginibre ensemble to dissipative many-body quantum chaos.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures; v2: universality results added, background on Dyson Brownian Motion and alternative definition of von Neumann entropy added to supplemental material, references added, and other minor revisions to match version published in PRL
Bouncing Cosmologies: Progress and Problems
Creators: name: Brandenberger, Robert
name: Peter, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the status of bouncing cosmologies as alternatives to cosmological inflation for providing a description of the very early universe, and a source for the cosmological perturbations which are observed today. We focus on the motivation for considering bouncing cosmologies, the origin of fluctuations in these models, and the challenges which various implementations face.
description: 30 pages, 6 figures; references added
Modelling the interactions between national and local energy systems: research gaps
Creators: name: Chaudry, Modassar
name: Hawker, Graham
name: Qadrdan, Meysam
name: Broad, Oliver
name: Webb, Janette
name: Wade, Faye
name: Britton, Jess
name: Wu, Jianzhong
Publisher: name: UK Energy Research Centre
Year: 2022

description: This briefing paper This paper outlines the challenges for modelling local and regional energy systems and assesses the capabilities of selected UKERC energy system models, with a focus on interactions between national and local energy systems.
Using Machine Learning to Improve Neutron Identification in Water Cherenkov Detectors
Creators: name: Jamieson, Blair
name: Stubbs, Matt
name: Ramanna, Sheela
name: Walker, John
name: Prouse, Nick
name: Akutsu, Ryosuke
name: de Perio, Patrick
name: Fedorko, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2

description: Water Cherenkov detectors like Super-Kamiokande, and the next generation Hyper-Kamiokande are adding gadolinium to their water to improve the detection of neutrons. By detecting neutrons in addition to the leptons in neutrino interactions, an improved separation between neutrino and anti-neutrinos, and reduced backgrounds for proton decay searches can be expected. The neutron signal itself is still small and can be confused with muon spallation and other background sources. In this paper, machine learning techniques are employed to optimize the neutron capture detection capability in the new intermediate water Cherenkov detector (IWCD) for Hyper-K. In particular, boosted decision tree (XGBoost), graph convolutional network (GCN), and dynamic graph convolutional neural network (DGCNN) models are developed and benchmarked against a statistical likelihood-based approach, achieving up to a 10% increase in classification accuracy. Characteristic features are also engineered from the datasets and analyzed using SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) to provide insight into the pivotal factors influencing event type outcomes. The dataset used in this research consisted of roughly 1.6 million simulated particle gun events, divided nearly evenly between neutron capture and a background electron source.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures, for submission to Frontiers in Machine Learning
Strong Correlations, Strong Coupling and s-wave Superconductivity in Hole-doped BaFe2As2 Single Crystals
Creators: name: Hardy, F.
name: Böhmer, A. E.
name: Medici, L. de'
name: Capone, M.
name: Giovannetti, G.
name: Eder, R.
name: Wang, L.
name: He, M.
name: Wolf, T.
name: Schweiss, P.
name: Heid, R.
name: Herbig, A.
name: Adelmann, P.
name: Fisher, R. A.
name: Meingast, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive study of the low-temperature heat capacity and thermal expansion of single crystals of the hole-doped Ba1-xKxFe2As2 series (0
description: Submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Radial Profile of the 3.55 keV line out to $R_{200}$ in the Perseus Cluster
Creators: name: Franse, Jeroen
name: Bulbul, Esra
name: Foster, Adam
name: Boyarsky, Alexey
name: Markevitch, Maxim
name: Bautz, Mark
name: Iakubovskyi, Dmytro
name: Loewenstein, Mike
name: McDonald, Michael
name: Miller, Eric
name: Randall, Scott W.
name: Ruchayskiy, Oleg
name: Smith, Randall K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of the unidentified emission line at 3.55 keV in galaxies and clusters has attracted great interest from the community. As the origin of the line remains uncertain, we study the surface brightness distribution of the line in the Perseus cluster since that information can be used to identify its origin. We examine the flux distribution of the 3.55 keV line in the deep Suzaku observations of the Perseus cluster in detail. The 3.55 keV line is observed in three concentric annuli in the central observations, although the observations of the outskirts of the cluster did not reveal such a signal. We establish that these detections and the upper limits from the non-detections are consistent with a dark matter decay origin. However, absence of positive detection in the outskirts is also consistent with some unknown astrophysical origin of the line in the dense gas of the Perseus core, as well as with a dark matter origin with a steeper dependence on mass than the dark matter decay. We also comment on several recently published analyses of the 3.55 keV line.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, accepted by ApJ
Driven-dissipative many-body systems with mixed power-law interactions: Bistabilities and temperature-driven non-equilibrium phase transitions
Creators: name: Šibalić, Nikola
name: Wade, Christopher G.
name: Adams, Charles S.
name: Weatherill, Kevin J.
name: Pohl, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of a driven-dissipative spin ensemble with competing power-law interactions. We demonstrate that dynamical phase transitions as well as bistabilities can emerge for asymptotic van der Waals interactions, but critically rely on the presence of a slower decaying potential-core. Upon introducing random particle motion, we show that a finite gas temperature can drive a phase transition with regards to the spin degree of freedom and eventually leads to mean-field behaviour in the high-temperature limit. Our work reconciles contrasting observations of recent experiments with Rydberg atoms in the cold-gas and hot-vapour domain, and introduces an efficient theoretical framework in the latter regime.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Highly Conductive Tungsten Suboxide Nanotubes
Creators: name: Huez, Cécile
name: Berthe, Maxime
name: Volatron, Florence
name: Guigner, Jean-Michel
name: Brouri, Dalil
name: Chamoreau, Lise-Marie
name: Baptiste, Benoît
name: Proust, Anna
name: Vuillaume, Dominique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a high electron conductivity (> 10^2 S/cm and up to 10^3 S/cm) of tungsten suboxide W18O(52.4-52.9)(or equivalently WO(2.91-2.94)) nanotubes (2 to 3 nm in diameter, ca. micrometer long). The conductivity is measured in the temperature range 120 to 300K by a four probe scanning tunneling microscope in ultra high vacuum. The nanotubes are synthesized by a low temperature and low cost solvothermal method. They selfassemble in bundles of hundreds of nanotubes forming nanowires (ca. micrometer long, few tens nm wide). We observe a large anisotropy of the conductivity with a ratio (longitudinal conductivity/perpendicular conductivity) of ca. 10^5. A large fraction of them (ca. 65 to 95%) shows a metallic like, thermal activation less, electron transport behavior. Few of them, with a lower conductivity from 10 to 10^2 S/cm, display a variable range hopping behavior. In this latter case, a hopping barrier energy of ca. 0.24 eV is inferred in agreement with the calculated energy level of the oxygen vacancy below the conduction band. This result is in agreement with a relative average concentration of oxygen vacancies of ca. 3%, for which a semiconductor to metal transition was theoretically predicted. These tungsten suboxide nanostructures are prone to a wide range of applications in nanoelectronics.
description: Main text and supporting information
Leuenberger, Martin, Segen und Segenstheologien im alten Israel
Creators: name: Gisin, Walter
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie
Year: 2025

description: 1823351131
description: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, V. 23 (2009): Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, Band 23
Experimental measurements of the permeability of fibrous carbon at high temperature
Creators: name: Panerai, Francesco
name: White, Jason D.
name: Cochell, Thomas J.
name: Schroeder, Olivia M.
name: Mansour, Nagi N.
name: Wright, Michael J.
name: Martin, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A series of experiments was performed to obtain permeability data on FiberForm(R), a commercial carbon preform used for manufacturing thermal protection systems. A porous sample was placed in a quartz flow-tube heated by an isothermal furnace. The setup was instrumented to measure mass flow through and pressure drop across the sample. The intrinsic permeability and the Klinkenberg correction, which accounts for rarefied effects, were computed from the experimental data. The role of the gas temperature and pressure on the effective permeability is shown, and it is demonstrated that with proper data reduction, the intrinsic permeability is strictly a function of the micro-structure of the material. A function for the effective permeability of FiberForm, dependent on temperature, pressure, pore geometry, and type of gas is proposed. The intrinsic permeability was evaluated at $K_0 = 5.57 \times 10^{-11}$ m$^2$, with a Klinkenberg parameter of $8c/d_p = 2.51 \times 10^5$ m$^{-1}$ and a reference porosity of $ϕ^\dagger = 0.87$.
Roles of Local Non-equilibrium Free Energy in the Description of Biomolecules
Creators: name: Jinwoo, Lee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a system is in equilibrium, external perturbations yield a time series of non-equilibrium distributions, and recent experimental techniques give access to the non-equilibrium data that may contain critical information. Jinwoo and Tanaka (L. Jinwoo and H. Tanaka, Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 7832) have provided mathematical proof that such a process's non-equilibrium free energy profile over a system's substates has Jarzynski's work as content, which spontaneously dissipates while molecules perform their tasks. Here we numerically verify this fact and give a practical example where we analyze a computer simulation of RNA translocation by a ring-shaped ATPase motor. By interpreting the cyclic process of substrate translocation as a series of quenching, relaxation, and second quenching, the theory gives how much individual sub-states of the ATPase motor have been energized until the end of the process. It turns out that the efficiency of RNA translocation is $48\sim 60\%$ for most molecules, but $12\%$ of molecules achieve $80\sim 100\%$ efficiency, which is consistent with the literature. This theory would be a valuable tool for extracting quantitative information about molecular non-equilibrium behavior from experimental observations.
Spin-polarized currents and noise in NS junctions with Yu-Shiba-Rusinov impurities
Creators: name: Persson, Daniel
name: Shevtsov, Oleksii
name: Löfwander, Tomas
name: Fogelström, Mikael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conventional superconductors disordered by magnetic impurities demonstrate physical properties drastically different from their pristine counterparts. In our previous work [Phys. Rev. B 92, 245430 (2015)] we explored spectral and thermodynamic properties of such systems for two extreme cases: completely random and ferromagnetically aligned impurity magnetic moments. Here we consider transport properties of these systems, and show that they have a potential to be used in superconducting spintronic devices. Each magnetic impurity contributes a Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) bound state to the spectrum, residing at sub-gap energies. Provided the YSR states form metallic bands, we demonstrate that the tunneling current carried by these states can be highly spin-polarized when the impurities are ferromagnetically ordered. The spin polarization can be switched by simply tuning the bias voltage. Moreover, even when the impurity spins are completely uncorrelated, one can still achieve almost 100% spin polarization of the current, if the tunnel interface is spin-active. We compute electric current and noise, varying parameters of the interface between tunneling and fully transparent regimes, and analyze the relative role of single-particle and Andreev reflection processes.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Sensing the local magnetic environment through optically active defects in a layered magnetic semiconductor
Creators: name: Klein, Julian
name: Song, Zhigang
name: Pingault, Benjamin
name: Dirnberger, Florian
name: Chi, Hang
name: Curtis, Jonathan B.
name: Dana, Rami
name: Bushati, Rezlind
name: Quan, Jiamin
name: Dekanovsky, Lukas
name: Sofer, Zdenek
name: Alù, Andrea
name: Menon, Vinod M.
name: Moodera, Jagadeesh S.
name: Lončar, Marko
name: Narang, Prineha
name: Ross, Frances M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomic-level defects in van der Waals (vdW) materials are essential building blocks for quantum technologies and quantum sensing applications. The layered magnetic semiconductor CrSBr is an outstanding candidate for exploring optically active defects owing to a direct gap in addition to a rich magnetic phase diagram including a recently hypothesized defect-induced magnetic order at low temperature. Here, we show optically active defects in CrSBr that are probes of the local magnetic environment. We observe spectrally narrow (1 meV) defect emission in CrSBr that is correlated with both the bulk magnetic order and an additional low temperature defect-induced magnetic order. We elucidate the origin of this magnetic order in the context of local and non-local exchange coupling effects. Our work establishes vdW magnets like CrSBr as an exceptional platform to optically study defects that are correlated with the magnetic lattice. We anticipate that controlled defect creation allows for tailor-made complex magnetic textures and phases with the unique ingredient of direct optical access.
description: main: 12 pages, 5 figures; SI: 14 pages, 11 figures
Net-Zero Electricity Generation Plan for Ghana "ICTP 2023 Poster"
Creators: name: Banuro, Joseph Kwaku
name: Koranteng, Felix Yeboah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: BAU, Transition, Net Zero, Ghana, Nuclear

description: This is the poster is the final poster presented at the ICTP 2023 summer school on modelling for sustainable development. This study involved analysing three scenarios BAU, Transition Targets and Net Zero.
Jeremias, Jörg, Die Propheten Joel, Obadja, Jona, Micha
Creators: name: Möller, Karl
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie
Year: 2025

description: 1823350941
description: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, V. 23 (2009): Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, Band 23
The Valuation of Credit Default Swap with Counterparty Risk and Collateralization
Creators: name: Xiao, Tim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: valuation model; credit risk modeling; collateralization; correlation, CDS.

description: This article presents a new model for valuing a credit default swap (CDS) contract that is affected by multiple credit risks of the buyer, seller and reference entity. We show that default dependency has a significant impact on asset pricing. In fact, correlated default risk is one of the most pervasive threats in financial markets. We also show that a fully collateralized CDS is not equivalent to a risk-free one. In other words, full collateralization cannot eliminate counterparty risk completely in the CDS market.
description: https://ia801500.us.archive.org/31/items/pricing-defaultable-cds-12-data/pricing%20defaultable%20cds-12-data.pdf
Engineering autonomous error correction in stabilizer codes at finite temperature
Creators: name: Freeman, C. Daniel
name: Herdman, C. M.
name: Whaley, K. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an error correcting protocol that enhances the lifetime of stabilizer code based qubits which are susceptible to the creation of pairs of localized defects (due to string-like error operators) at finite temperature, such as the toric code. The primary tool employed is dynamic application of a local, unitary operator which exchanges defects and thereby translates localized excitations. Crucially, the protocol does not require any measurements of stabilizer operators, and therefore can be used to enhance the lifetime of a qubit in the absence of such experimental resources.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures. Comments welcome, APS March Meeting session K44.00007
Operational islands and black hole dissipation in JT gravity
Creators: name: De Vuyst, Julian
name: Mertens, Thomas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we revisit the problem of finding entanglement islands in 2d Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity. We implement the following adjustments to the traditional setup: (1) we do not explicitly couple to a non-gravitating system, instead we implement only pure absorption into a fiducial detector, (2) we utilise the operationally defined renormalised matter entanglement entropy, as defined by the boundary observer's wordline. We show that this leads to a unitary Page curve that we explicitly compute, with an island outside of the event horizon. Next, we extend the analysis to a charged and/or supersymmetric black hole. We find that in a certain regime the charged black hole grows first as it emits superradiation before eventually dissipating. We obtain similar results when embedding the system in a supersymmetric setting.
description: 40 pages + appendices; v2: added extra discussions and references, matches published version
Measuring the spatial Acuity of vibrotactile Stimuli: A new Approach to determine universal and individual Thresholds
Creators: name: Stein, Max vom
name: Hoppe, Maximilian
name: Sommer, Maxim
name: Wolf, Kai-Dietrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Tactile perception is an increasingly popular gateway in human-machine interaction, yet universal design guidelines for tactile displays are still lacking, largely due to the absence of methods to measure sensibility across skin areas. In this study, we address this gap by developing and evaluating two fully automated vibrotactile tasks that require subjects to discriminate the position of vibrotactile stimuli using a two-interval forced-choice procedure (2IFC). Of the two methodologies, one was initially validated through a preliminary study involving 13 participants. Subsequently, we applied the validated and improved vibrotactile testing procedure to a larger sample of 23 participants, enabling a direct and valid comparison with static perception. Our findings reveal a significantly finer spatial acuity for static stimuli perception compared to vibrotactile stimuli perception from a stimulus separation of 15 mm onwards. This study introduces a novel method for generating both universal thresholds and individual person-specific data for vibratory perception, marking a critical step towards the development of functional vibrotactile displays. The results underline the need for further research in this area and provide a foundation for the development of universal design guidelines for tactile displays.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures. Submitted to Elsevier: Displays
Probing the innermost region of the AU~Microscopii debris disk
Creators: name: Gallenne, A.
name: Desgrange, C.
name: Milli, J.
name: Sanchez-Bermudez, J.
name: Chauvin, G.
name: Kraus, S.
name: Girard, J. H.
name: Boccaletti, A.
name: Lagrange, A. M.
name: Delorme, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: AU Mic is a young and nearby M-dwarf star harbouring a circumstellar debris disk and one recently discovered planet on an 8d orbit. Large-scale structures within the disk were also discovered and are moving outward at high velocity. We aim at studying this system with the highest spatial resolution in order to probe the innermost regions and to search for additional low-mass companion or set detection limits. The star was observed with two different techniques probing complementary spatial scales. We obtained new SAM observations with SPHERE, which we combined with data from NACO, PIONIER and GRAVITY. We did not detect additional companions within 0.02-7au from the star. We determined magnitude upper limits for companions of H~9.8mag within 0.02-0.5au, Ks~11.2mag within 0.4-2.4au and L'~10.7mag within 0.7-7au. Using theoretical isochrones, we converted into mass upper limits of ~17Mjup, ~12Mjup and ~9jup, respectively. The PIONIER observations allowed us to determine the angular diameter of AU Mic, 0.825+/-0.050mas, which converts to R = 0.862+/-0.052Rsun. We did not detect the newly discovered planets, but we derived upper limit masses for the innermost region of AU Mic. We do not have any detection with a significance beyond 3sigma, the most significant signal with PIONIER being 2.9sigma and with SPHERE being 1.6σ. We applied the pyMESS2 code to estimate the detection probability of companions by combining radial velocities, SPHERE imaging and our interferometric detection maps. We show that 99% of the companions down to ~0.5Mjup can be detected within 0.02au or 1Mjup down to 0.2au. The low-mass planets orbiting at <0.11au will not be directly detectable with the current AO and interferometric instruments due to its close orbit and very high contrast (~10e-10 in K). It will be also below the angular resolution and contrast limit of the next ELT IR imaging instruments.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 15 pages. New version includes two new co-authors
Spontaneous fission of superheavy nucleus $^{286}$Fl
Creators: name: Poenaru, Dorin N.
name: Gherghescu, Radu A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The decimal logarithm of spontaneous fission half-life of the superheavy nucleus $^{286}$Fl experimentally determined is $\log_{10} T_f^{exp} (s) = -0.632$. We present a method to calculate the half-life based on the cranking inertia and the deformation energy, functions of two independent surface coordinates, using the best asymmetric two center shell model. In the first stage we study the statics. At a given mass asymmetry up to about $η=0.5$ the potential barrier has a two hump shape, but for larger $η$ it has only one hump. The touching point deformation energy versus mass asymmetry shows the three minima, produced by shell effects, corresponding to three decay modes: spontaneous fission, cluster decay and $α$~decay. The least action trajectory is determined in the plane $(R,η)$ where $R$ is the separation distance of the fission fragments and $η$ is the mass asymmetry. We may find a sequence of several trajectories one of which gives the least action. The parametrization with two deformation coordinates $(R,η)$ and the radius of the light fragment, $R_2$, exponentially decreasing with $R$ is compared with the simpler one, in which $R_2$~=constant. The latter is closer to the reality and reminds us about the alpha or cluster preformation at the nuclear surface.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, URL: http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevC.94.014309
Improving Data Sharing in Energy Consortia: Summary of Workshop Outputs
Creators: name: Colechin, Mike
name: Quigley, Clare
Publisher: name: CREDS
Year: 2023

description: A CREDS/UKERC Data Sharing Workshop held in October 2023 gathered system stakeholders together to discuss how to improve data sharing in the energy research community.

This workshop was a joint event organised by CREDS and UKERC Sarah Higginson, Catherine Jones, Kate Kwok, Marina Topouzi, Mike Fell, Gesche Huebner and facilitated by Mike Colechin