cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Statistics of Velocity from Spectral Data: Modified Velocity Centroids
Creators: name: Lazarian, A.
name: Esquivel, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the problem of studying interstellar turbulence using spectral line data. We find a criterion when the velocity centroids may provide trustworthy velocity statistics. To enhance the scope of centroids applications, we construct a measure that we term ``modified velocity centroids'' (MVCs) and derive an analytical solution that relates the 2D spectra of the modified centroids with the underlying 3D velocity spectrum. We test our results using synthetic maps constructed with data obtained through simulations of compressible magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) turbulence. We show that the modified velocity centroids (MVCs) are complementary to the the Velocity Channel Analysis (VCA) technique. Employed together, they make determining of the velocity spectral index more reliable and for wider variety of astrophysical situations.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters. minor changes
ELECTRICITY PRICES AND IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT FEASIBILITY
Creators: name: Hamilton, Joel R.
name: Barranco, Gary S.
name: Walker, David J.
name: Hamilton, Joel R.
name: Barranco, Gary S.
name: Walker, David J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: A methodology was developed to measure impacts of rising electricity prices on high lift irrigation development. Effects of farm size, crop prices, yields, lift heights, and distance from water source were also incorporated. Results indicate that rising electricity prices will make development infeasible in high elevation areas of southern Idaho.
Nesothrips coorongi Eow 2014, sp.n.
Creators: name: Eow, Li-Xin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Thysanoptera
Thripidae
Nesothrips
Nesothrips coorongi

description: Nesothrips coorongi sp.n.
(Figs 50, 62)
 Female microptera. Body and legs uniformly brown; antennal segments brown except pedicel of III yellow; major setae pale.
Head wider than long, not projecting in front of eyes, cheeks convex, vertex weakly reticulate, ocelli small (Fig. 50); postocellar setae blunt, posterior to inner margin of posterior ocelli; postocular setae blunt; mid-dorsal setae well-developed, blunt; compound eyes slightly smaller ventrally than dorsally; maxillary stylets wide Vshaped, retracted to postocular setae; maxillary palp segment I as long as wide, segment II about 5 times as long as I, without transverse lines, terminal sensorium setaceous. Antennal segment VIII not constricted at base.
Pronotum transverse, weakly reticulate near margins, notopleural sutures complete, with 5 pairs of blunt major setae (Fig. 62); mesopresternum transverse, boat-shaped; metathoracic sternopleural sutures absent. Meso- and metanotum transverse, reticulate. Fore wing lobe small, bearing 1 or 2 setae.
Pelta broadly triangular, extending about 80% across anterior border of tergite II, reticulate, campaniform sensilla present (Fig. 62); tergites III–VII each with wing-retaining setae minute; tergite IX setae S1 and S2 blunt, shorter than tube, S3 finely acute; tube shorter than head.
 Measurements (holotype female in microns). Body length 2750. Head, length 330; width 250; postocellar setae 35; po setae 70; mid-dorsal setae 45. Pronotum, length 175; width 360; major setae am 35, aa 60, ml 75, epim 90, pa 75. Fore wing lobe 65. Tergite IX setae S1 210, S2 210, S3 210. Tube length 260. Antennal segments III–VIII length 110, 110, 100, 80, 60, 25.
 Male microptera. Similar to female except smaller, fore tarsus with sharp tooth; head length 300; tergite IX setae 130, 160, 190; tube 215.
 Specimens studied. Holotype female. Australia, South Australia, Meningie Airport, from Apodesmia, 15.i.2002. (LAM4103).
Paratypes: 3 females, 1 male taken with holotype.
 Comments. This species has a longer head and a wider, non-lobed pelta than other members of this genus related to propinquus and minor. The head and postocellar setae resemble some species of the genus Carientothrips, but the maxillary palps and the widely spaced, V-shaped, maxillary stylets are typical of Nesothrips.
description: Published as part of Eow, Li-Xin, 2014, Australian species of spore-feeding Thysanoptera in the genera Carientothrips and Nesothrips (Thysanoptera: Idolothripinae), pp. 193-221 in Zootaxa 3821 (2) on page 217, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3821.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4919972
Essentials of India's Foreign Policy
Creators: name: Sinha, Bhek Pati
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: India, an ancient land, became a full-fledged member of the family of Nations in 1947. Since her independence in 1947 from the clutches of the British Imperial Government, India has been taking quite an active part and interest in world affairs. Although she's an underdeveloped nation beset with many colossal internal problems, free India has not shown the least hesitation in playing her part in the international realm, particularly in Asian politics.
Objective barriers to the transport of dynamically active vector fields
Creators: name: Haller, George
name: Katsanoulis, Stergios
name: Holzner, Markus
name: Frohnapfel, Bettina
name: Gatti, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We derive a theory for material surfaces that maximally inhibit the diffusive transport of a dynamically active vector field, such as the linear momentum, the angular momentum or the vorticity, in general fluid flows. These special material surfaces (\emph{Lagrangian active barriers}) provide physics-based, observer-independent boundaries of dynamically active coherent structures. We find that Lagrangian active barriers evolve from invariant surfaces of an associated steady and incompressible \emph{barrier equation}, whose right-hand side is the time-averaged pullback of the viscous stress terms in the evolution equation for the dynamically active vector field. Instantaneous limits of these barriers mark objective \emph{Eulerian active barriers} to the short-term diffusive transport of the dynamically active vector field. We obtain that in unsteady Beltrami flows, Lagrangian and Eulerian active barriers coincide exactly with purely advective transport barriers bounding observed coherent structures. In more general flows, active barriers can be identified by applying Lagrangian coherent structure (LCS) diagnostics, such as the finite-time Lyapunov exponent and the polar rotation angle, to the appropriate active barrier equation. In comparison to their passive counterparts, these \emph{active LCS diagnostics} require no significant fluid particle separation and hence provide substantially higher-resolved Lagrangian and Eulerian coherent structure boundaries from temporally shorter velocity data sets. We illustrate these results and their physical interpretation on two-dimensional, homogeneous, isotropic turbulence and on a three-dimensional turbulent channel flow.
description: 50 pages, 40 figures, to be published in J. Fluid. Mech
Longitudinal associations between e-cigarette use, cigarette smoking, physical activity and screen time among Canadian adolescents
Creators: name: Irvine, Dylan
name: McGarity-Shipley, Ellen
name: Lee, Eun-Young
name: Janssen, Ian
name: Leatherdale, Scott
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2022

description: Background: Cross-sectional studies have suggested that among adolescents, e-cigarette use may be protective and cigarette smoking may be harmful in terms of movement behaviors and sport participation. Purpose: To examine longitudinal associations between e-cigarette use, cigarette smoking, physical activity, and recreational screen time in a cohort of Canadian adolescents (grades 9-12). Methods: Data from 5,951 adolescents who participated in COMPASS 2015–16(baseline) and 2017–18(follow-up) were used. Exposures included e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking. Outcomes included cut-points for moderate- to vigorous- physical activity (MVPA; 60 min/d), muscular strengthening exercises (MSE; 3 time/wk), participation in sport (SP; intramural or competitive), and recreational screen time (ST; 430 min/day). Generalized linear mixed models were performed. Results: E-cigarette use (16.6% to 39.2%) and cigarette smoking (0.9% to 4.7%) increased from baseline to follow-up, while a decrease was observed for MVPA (49.8 to 42.1%), MSE (54.0 to 45.3%), and SP (70.8 to 61.3%). New e-cigarette use at follow-up was associated with maintenance of SP and meeting MVPA/MSE cut-points, but also with increased ST. New cigarette smoking at follow-up was associated with maintaining high ST and low SP. Cigarette smoking at baseline and follow-up was associated with maintaining high ST, low MSE, and low SP. Cigarette smoking cessation at follow-up was associated with increasing MVPA and MSE, decreasing ST, and maintaining low SP. Conclusion: E-cigarette use can have a protective or harmful effect on movement behaviors depending on the movement behavior in question, with protective effects for PA, but harmful effects for ST. Funding: The COMPASS study has been supported by a bridge grant from the CIHR Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes (INMD) through the “Obesity – Interventions to Prevent or Treat” priority funding awards (OOP-110788; awarded to SL), an operating grant from the CIHR Institute of Population and Public Health (IPPH) (MOP-114875; awarded to SL), a CIHR Project Grant (PJT-148562; awarded to SL) and by a research funding arrangement with Health Canada (#1617-HQ000012; awarded to SL). Dr. Leatherdale (APHC201405CPP-329323-116339) is a Chair in Applied Public Health Research funded by the Public Health Agency of Canada in partnership with CIHR. The funding bodies had no role in the design of the study, the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, or the writing of the manuscript.
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress
Fast Multi-Subset Transform and Weighted Sums Over Acyclic Digraphs
Creators: name: Koivisto, Mikko
name: Röyskö, Antti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.2

description: The zeta and Moebius transforms over the subset lattice of $n$ elements and the so-called subset convolution are examples of unary and binary operations on set functions. While their direct computation requires $O(3^n)$ arithmetic operations, less naive algorithms only use $2^n \mathrm{poly}(n)$ operations, nearly linear in the input size. Here, we investigate a related $n$-ary operation that takes $n$ set functions as input and maps them to a new set function. This operation, we call multi-subset transform, is the core ingredient in the known inclusion--exclusion recurrence for weighted sums over acyclic digraphs, which extends Robinson's recurrence for the number of labelled acyclic digraphs. Prior to this work the best known complexity bound was the direct $O(3^n)$. By reducing the task to multiple instances of rectangular matrix multiplication, we improve the complexity to $O(2.985^n)$.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures. Appeared in Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory 2020. The replacement is based on the conference version, and has small changes compared to the previous version, particularly to the proof of proposition 13
Additional file 1 of Factors associated with dietary adherence to the guidelines for prevention and treatment of hypertension among Korean adults with and without hypertension
Creators: name: Shim, Jee-Seon
name: Heo, Ji Eun
name: Kim, Hyeon Chang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Flow in the study subjects. Figure S2. Questionnaire on dietary adherence, management, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy of dietary therapy
Nesothrips hemidiscus Mound 1974
Creators: name: Eow, Li-Xin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Thysanoptera
Thripidae
Nesothrips
Nesothrips hemidiscus

description: Nesothrips hemidiscus Mound, 1974 a: 71
(Fig. 66)
 This species remains known from the original series of 8 females and 2 males taken at Mareeba in northern Queensland from dead Casuarina branches. The D-shaped pelta of this thrips is unique in Nesothrips.
 Diagnosis. Macropterous; body, legs and antennae dark brown, pedicel of antennal segment III yellow; head slightly wider than long, postocellar setae small and arising behind ocelli, postocular setae long and dark; pronotum strongly transverse, with 5 pairs of major setae, aa close to ml setae; metanotal median setae long and stout; pelta D-shaped with no lateral lobes (Fig. 66); tergites II–VII with one pair of sigmoid wing-retaining setae, discal area with one pair of small setae medially and one pair laterally; tergite IX setae S1 short, no longer than basal width of tube, S2 and S3 more than 0.5 as long as tube.
description: Published as part of Eow, Li-Xin, 2014, Australian species of spore-feeding Thysanoptera in the genera Carientothrips and Nesothrips (Thysanoptera: Idolothripinae), pp. 193-221 in Zootaxa 3821 (2) on pages 217-218, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3821.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4919972
Loop Equation in Two-dimensional Noncommutative Yang-Mills Theory
Creators: name: Dorn, Harald
name: Torrielli, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The classical analysis of Kazakov and Kostov of the Makeenko-Migdal loop equation in two-dimensional gauge theory leads to usual partial differential equations with respect to the areas of windows formed by the loop. We extend this treatment to the case of U(N) Yang-Mills defined on the noncommutative plane. We deal with all the subtleties which arise in their two-dimensional geometric procedure, using where needed results from the perturbative computations of the noncommutative Wilson loop available in the literature. The open Wilson line contribution present in the non-commutative version of the loop equation drops out in the resulting usual differential equations. These equations for all N have the same form as in the commutative case for N to infinity. However, the additional supplementary input from factorization properties allowing to solve the equations in the commutative case is no longer valid.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures, references added, small clarifications added
THE MAGNITUDE AND COSTS OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION FROM AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS: A NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Creators: name: Nielson, Elizabeth G.
name: Lee, Linda K.
name: Nielson, Elizabeth G.
name: Lee, Linda K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Evidence is mounting that agricultural pesticide and fertilizer applications are causing groundwater contamination in some parts of the U.S. This paper synthesizes national data to identify regions potentially affected by contamination from these sources, summarizes the types of damages that can result, and assesses the potential costs of avoiding damages. 11
DHOST Bounce
Creators: name: Ilyas, Amara
name: Zhu, Mian
name: Zheng, Yunlong
name: Cai, Yi-Fu
name: Saridakis, Emmanuel N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new class of nonsingular bounce cosmology free from instabilities, using a single scalar field coupled to gravity within the framework of the Degenerate Higher-Order Scalar-Tensor (DHOST) theories. In this type of scenarios, the gradient instability that widely exists in nonsingular bounce cosmologies in the framework of scalar-tensor and Horndeski/Galileon theories is removed by the effects of new operators introduced by the DHOST, due to the modification that they later bring about to the dispersion relation of perturbations. Hence, our results demonstrate that there is indeed a loophole for this type of bounce scenarios to be free from pathologies when primordial perturbations evolve through the bounce phase, and thus the theoretical {\it no-go} theorem for nonsingular bounce cosmology of Horndeski/Galileon theories can be delicately evaded in DHOST extensions.
description: 23 pages, 6 main figures, comments are welcome
Additional file 1 of Quality of life in elderly people after a hip fracture: a prospective study
Creators: name: Amarilla-Donoso, Francisco Javier
name: López-Espuela, Fidel
name: Roncero-Martín, Raúl
name: Leal-Hernandez, Olga
name: Puerto-Parejo, Luis Manuel
name: Aliaga-Vera, Ignacio
name: Rosaura Toribio-Felipe
name: Lavado-García, Jesús María
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Implications for practice.
Essentials of India's Foreign Policy
Creators: name: Sinha, Bhek Pati
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: India, an ancient land, became a full-fledged member of the family of Nations in 1947. Since her independence in 1947 from the clutches of the British Imperial Government, India has been taking quite an active part and interest in world affairs. Although she's an underdeveloped nation beset with many colossal internal problems, free India has not shown the least hesitation in playing her part in the international realm, particularly in Asian politics.
Vertex Operators and Soliton Solutions of Affine Toda Model with U(2) Symmetry
Creators: name: Cabrera-Carnero, I.
name: Gomes, J. F.
name: Sotkov, G. M.
name: Zimerman, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The symmetry structure of non-abelian affine Toda model based on the coset $SL(3)/SL(2)\otimes U(1)$ is studied. It is shown that the model possess non-abelian Noether symmetry closing into a q-deformed $SL(2)\otimes U(1)$ algebra. Specific two vertex soliton solutions are constructed.
description: 17 pages, latex, misprints corrected, version to appear in J.Phys A
Dynamic cores in hydrostatic disguise
Creators: name: Ballesteros-Paredes, Javier
name: Klessen, Ralf S.
name: Vazquez-Semadeni, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abrigded) We discuss the column density profiles of "cores" in 3D SPH numerical simulations of turbulent molecular clouds. The SPH scheme allows us to perform a high spatial resolution analysis of the density maxima (cores) at scales between ~0.003 and 0.3pc. We analyze simulations in three different physical conditions: large scale driving, small scale driving, and random Gaussian initial conditions without driving; each one at two different timesteps: just before self-gravity is turned-on, and when gravity has been operating such that 5% of the total mass in the box has been accretted into cores. For this dataset, we perform Bonnor-Ebert fits to the column density profiles of cores. We find that 65% of the cores can be matched to Bonnor-Ebert profiles, and of these, 47% correspond to stable equilibrium configurations with xi_max < 6.5, even though the cores analyzed in the simulations are not in equilibrium, but instead are dynamically evolving. We also find in some cases substantial superposition effects when we analyze the projection of the density structures. As a consequence, different projections of the same core may give very different values of the BE fits. Finally, we briefly discuss recent results claiming that Bok globule B68 is in hydrostatic equilibrium, stressing that they imply that this core is unstable by a wide margin. We conclude that fitting BE profiles to observed cores is not an unambiguous test of hydrostatic equilibrium, and that fit-estimated parameters of the BE sphere may differ significantly from the actual values in the cores.
description: ApJ accepted. 11 pages, 8 ps figures, 6 gif figures
Generalizing separability, precompactness and narrowness in topological groups
Creators: name: Banakh, Taras
name: Guran, Igor
name: Ravsky, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22A05, 54D65

description: We discuss various modifications of separability, precompactnmess and narrowness in topological groups and test those modifications in the permutation groups $S(X)$ and $S_{
description: 6 pages
title: An Algorithm for Nutrient Mixing Optimization in Aquaponics
Creators: name: Kobelski, Alexander
name: Nestler, Patrick
name: Mauerer, Mareike
name: Rocksch, Thorsten
name: Schmidt, Uwe
name: Streif, Stefan
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: aquaponics
subject: controlled environment agriculture
subject: automation
subject: optimization
subject: nutrient solution mixing
subject: 630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Featured Application The algorithms provided in this work can be applied in most scenarios where fluids and water-soluble substances, e.g., salts, are mixed to meet certain requirements. Examples include hydroponics and aquaponics. Abstract Controlled environment agriculture is a promising alternative to conventional production methods, as it is less affected by climate change and is often more sustainable, especially in circular and recycling frameworks such as aquaponics. A major cost factor in such facilities, however, is the need for skilled labor. Depending on available resources, there are endless possibilities on how to choose ingredients to realize a desired nutrient solution. At the same time, the composition of the desired solution is subject to fluctuations in fish water quality, fertilizer availability, weather, and plant development. In high-evaporation scenarios, e.g., summer, nutrient solutions might be mixed multiple times per day. This results in a complex, multi-variable task that is time-consuming to solve manually, yet requires frequent resolution. This work aims to help solve this challenge by providing methods to automate the nutrient mixing procedure. A simple mass-balance-based model of a nutrient mixing tank with connections to different water sources, drains, and fertilizers is provided. Using methods of static optimization, a program was developed which, in consideration of various process constraints and optimization variables, is able to calculate the necessary steps to mix the desired solution. The program code is provided in an open-source repository. The flexibility of the method is demonstrated in simulation scenarios. The program is easy to use and to adapt, and all necessary steps are explained in this paper. This work contributes to a higher automation level in CEA.
EFFECTS OF FARM COMMODITY PROGRAMS: THE CASES OF CORN AND RICE
Creators: name: Lin, William W.
name: Lin, William W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management
Financial Economics

description: This study estimates price and income effects of the 1985 and 1984 corn and rice programs. On average, the corn programscost U.S. consumers, taxpayers, and society more than their net gains to producers by $1.4 billion, while dead—weight loss of the rice programs totaled $220 million a year.
Additional file 6 of Developing a toolkit for engagement practice: sharing power with communities in priority-setting for global health research projects
Creators: name: Pratt, Bridget
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 6. Sharing Power with Communities in Priority-Setting for Health Research Projects: A Toolkit. Worksheet 3 Supplemental Table.
U.S. Army philosophy of education for enlistees, and its effect upon the educational careers of individuals (1945-1955)
Creators: name: McCurdey, Newton Farragut
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3904
subject: Specialist studies in education

description: This thesis advocates the continuation of the present close relationship existing between the United States Army of today and the educators throughout the Nation.
Numerical study of the cosmological velocity field as a function of density
Creators: name: Dominguez, Alvaro
name: Melott, Adrian L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a new study of the velocity distribution in N-body simulations. We investigate the center-of-mass and internal kinetic energies of coarsening cells as a function of time, cell size and cell mass. By using self-similar cosmological models, we are able to derive theoretical predictions for comparison and to assess the influence of finite-size and resolution effects. The most interesting result is the discovery of a polytropic-like relationship between the average velocity dispersion (internal kinetic energy) and the mass density in an intermediate range of densities, K ~ rho^{2-eta}. The exponent eta measures the deviations from the virial prediction, eta_virial=0. For self-similar models, eta depends only on the spectral index of the initial power spectrum. We also study CDM models and confirm a previous result that the same polytropic-like dependence exists (astro-ph/0103313), with a time and coarsening length dependent eta. The dependence K(rho) is an important input for a recently proposed theoretical model of cosmological structure formation which improves over the standard dust model (pressureless fluid) by regularizing the density singularities.
description: Version accepted by A&A (in press). One paragraph added toward the end of Sec. 5
Distinguishing multicellular life on exoplanets by testing Earth as an exoplanet
Creators: name: Doughty, Christopher E.
name: Abraham, Andrew
name: Windsor, James
name: Mommert, Michael
name: Gowenlock, Michael
name: Robinson, Tyler
name: Trilling, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Can multicellular life be distinguished from single cellular life on an exoplanet? We hypothesize that abundant upright photosynthetic multicellular life (trees) will cast shadows at high sun angles that will distinguish them from single cellular life and test this using Earth as an exoplanet. We first test the concept using Unmanned Arial Vehicles (UAVs) at a replica moon landing site near Flagstaff, Arizona and show trees have both a distinctive reflectance signature (red edge) and geometric signature (shadows at high sun angles) that can distinguish them from replica moon craters. Next, we calculate reflectance signatures for Earth at several phase angles with POLDER (Polarization and Directionality of Earth's reflectance) satellite directional reflectance measurements and then reduce Earth to a single pixel. We compare Earth to other planetary bodies (Mars, the Moon, Venus, and Uranus) and hypothesize that Earths directional reflectance will be between strongly backscattering rocky bodies with no weathering (like Mars and the Moon) and cloudy bodies with more isotropic scattering (like Venus and Uranus). Our modelling results put Earth in line with strongly backscattering Mars, while our empirical results put Earth in line with more isotropic scattering Venus. We identify potential weaknesses in both the modeled and empirical results and suggest additional steps to determine whether this technique could distinguish upright multicellular life on exoplanets.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. International Journal of Astrobiology 2020
Understanding the intention-to-behaviour relationship for adolescents: An application of the Multi-Process Action Control Model
Creators: name: Haider, Imran
name: Brown, Denver
name: Bray, Steven
name: Dutta, Pallavi
name: Rhodes, Ryan
name: Kwan, Matthew
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2022

description: Background: The multi-process action control model (M-PAC) is an integrative model specifically designed to evaluate intention-behaviour gaps (Rhodes, 2017). To date, however, the processes through which intentions are translated into action have largely been underexplored among adolescents. Purpose: The primary purpose of the study was to investigate the distribution of intention-behaviour profiles during late adolescence; and to apply the M-PAC framework to better understand predictors of these profiles. Methods: Our sample included 1176 grade 11 students (Mage=15.85 + 0.38, 45.6% male) that completed an online questionnaire as part of the baseline cohort in the ADAPT study. The questionnaire assessed the reflective, regulatory, and reflexive processes outlined within M-PAC, and a self-reported measure of moderate-to-vigorous PA. Results: Following the use of a novel tertiary split, six intention-behaviour profiles were observed: successful non-intenders (7.1%; n=83), unsuccessful non-intenders (2.8%; n=33), inactive quasi-intenders (20.6%; n=242), active quasi-intenders (19.2%; n=226), unsuccessful intenders (12.5%; n=147) and successful intenders (37.8%; n=445). Descriptive statistics revealed successful intenders reported the highest scores on all M-PAC predictors, followed by unsuccessful intenders. A graded response pattern continued for quasi-intenders and non-intenders, with successful non-intenders scoring the lowest across all M-PAC variables. Conclusions: The current study offers new insight into the intention-behaviour gap by differentiating adolescents with more conviction in their intentions from those that report intention ambivalence to create six intention-behaviour profiles. Findings demonstrate strong support for the core tenets of M-PAC in predicting physical activity intention-behaviour profiles during late adolescence. Funding: The ADAPT study is funded by an Insight Grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress
title: Abiotic Stress in Cotton: Insights into Plant Responses and Biotechnological Solutions
Creators: name: Patil, Akshay Milind
name: Pawar, Bhausaheb D.
name: Wagh, Sopan Ganpatrao
name: Shinde, Harshraj
name: Shelake, Rahul Mahadev
name: Markad, Nanasaheb R.
name: Bhute, Nandu K.
name: Červený, Jan
name: Wagh, Rajendra. S.
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: abiotic stress tolerance
subject: CRISPR/Cas9
subject: drought
subject: heat
subject: salinity
subject: stress physiology
subject: 570 Biologie
subject: 630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Climate change has rapidly increased incidences of frequent extreme abiotic stresses, such as heat, drought, salinity, and waterlogging. Each of these stressors negatively affects the cotton crop ( Gossypium spp.) and results in significant yield decreases. Every stressful event causes specific changes in the metabolism and physiology of plants, which are linked to complex molecular alterations. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate a plant’s response to stress is essential to developing stress-resistant cotton varieties that can withstand various stress factors. Gene expressions in response to multiple stresses have been studied and mapped. These genes include ion transporters and heat shock proteins, which are vital to allowing adaptive responses. These approaches showed the ability to employ advanced genome sequencing and multi-omics techniques to identify dynamic gene expression patterns and elucidate intricate regulatory networks. Using genetic variation in combination with molecular techniques, it would be possible to generate stress-resilient cotton varieties that would enable sustainable cotton output in the face of abiotic stresses. Here, we reviewed the effects of major abiotic stressors on cotton plants, such as heat, salinity, drought, heavy metals, and waterlogging. We also examine the vast network of proteins, genes, and stress-sensitive signaling pathways that help cotton tolerate abiotic stress.
Curved Hexagonal Packings of Equal Disks in a Circle
Creators: name: Lubachevsky, B. D.
name: Graham, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05B40; 90C59

description: For each k >= 1 and corresponding hexagonal number h(k) = 3k(k+1)+1, we introduce m(k) = max[(k-1)!/ 2, 1] packings of h(k) equal disks inside a circle which we call "the curved hexagonal packings". The curved hexagonal packing of 7 disks (k = 1, m(1)=1) is well known and the one of 19 disks (k = 2, m(2)=1) has been previously conjectured to be optimal. New curved hexagonal packings of 37, 61, and 91 disks (k = 3, 4, and 5, m(3)=1, m(4)=3, and m(5)=12) were the densest we obtained on a computer using a so-called "billiards" simulation algorithm. A curved hexagonal packing pattern is invariant under a 60 degree rotation. For k tending to infinity, the density (covering fraction) of curved hexagonal packings tends to pi*pi/12. The limit is smaller than the density of the known optimum disk packing in the infinite plane. We found disk configurations that are denser than curved hexagonal packings for 127, 169, and 217 disks (k = 6, 7, and 8). In addition to new packings for h(k) disks, we present new packings we found for h(k)+1 and h(k)-1 disks for k up to 5, i.e., for 36, 38, 60, 62, 90, and 92 disks. The additional packings show the ``tightness'' of the curved hexagonal pattern for k =< 5: deleting a disk does not change the optimum packing and its quality significantly, but adding a disk causes a substantial rearrangement in the optimum packing and substantially decreases the quality.
description: 10 figures
Nesothrips lativentris
Creators: name: Eow, Li-Xin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Thysanoptera
Thripidae
Nesothrips
Nesothrips lativentris

description: Nesothrips lativentris (Karny, 1913: 129)
(Fig. 47)
Described originally from Taiwan, this species is widespread across the tropics from the Pacific islands including Fiji to the Seychelles in the Indian Ocean. It is known in Australia from Darwin in the Northern Territories, from Queensland around Brisbane and Cairns, and also from Lord Howe Island and Christmas Island.
 Diagnosis. Macropterous or micropterous, body and legs dark brown, tarsi paler, antennal segment III largely yellow, also basal half of IV–V; head longer than wide, postocellar setae longer than distance between their bases, arising on tangent between posterior margins of hind ocelli (Fig. 47); postocular setae long and acute; maxillary palp segment I as long as wide; pronotum with 5 pairs of major setae, am and aa small; metathoracic sternopleural sutures long and curved; metanotum weakly sculptured, with one pair of anteromedian discal setae; pelta with large median lobe and broadly joined lateral lobes; tergites II–VII with transverse row of 10–20 minute discal setae, wing-retaining setae only weakly sigmoid in micropterae; tergite IX setae about 0.8 as long as tube. Large male with strong longitudinal pronotal apodeme, fore femora L-shaped, fore tarsal tooth large.
description: Published as part of Eow, Li-Xin, 2014, Australian species of spore-feeding Thysanoptera in the genera Carientothrips and Nesothrips (Thysanoptera: Idolothripinae), pp. 193-221 in Zootaxa 3821 (2) on page 218, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3821.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4919972
On bounds for the mode and median of the generalized hyperbolic and related distributions
Creators: name: Gaunt, Robert E.
name: Merkle, Milan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 60E05, 62E15

description: Except for certain parameter values, a closed form formula for the mode of the generalized hyperbolic (GH) distribution is not available. In this paper, we exploit results from the literature on modified Bessel functions and their ratios to obtain simple but tight two-sided inequalities for the mode of the GH distribution for general parameter values. As a special case, we deduce tight two-sided inequalities for the mode of the variance-gamma (VG) distribution, and through a similar approach we also obtain tight two-sided inequalities for the mode of the McKay Type I distribution. The analogous problem for the median is more challenging, but we conjecture some monotonicity results for the median of the VG and McKay Type I distributions, from we which we conjecture some tight two-sided inequalities for their medians. Numerical experiments support these conjectures and also lead us to a conjectured tight lower bound for the median of the GH distribution.
description: 22 pages
Detailed Design Report : Corridor Redesign of Chancellor Boulevard
Creators: name: Abella, Joma
name: Agustin, Aldin
name: Athans, Zoe
name: Chen, Kelvin
name: Cheung, Matthew
name: Lau, Anson
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Currently, Chancellor Boulevard is heavily favoured for motorized vehicle use. So, the corridor space is redesigned to improve travelling conditions for sustainable methods of travel: by bike, by foot, and by transit. Ultimately, the main focus of this design is to improve the safety for all the users of the road and to reduce the number and the severity of collisions. A roundabout will replace the signalized intersection at Hamber Road and Chancellor Boulevard. Bike lanes will replace the outer lanes in each direction. There will a painted median between the vehicle lanes and the bike lanes to provide a buffer for the cyclists. Numerous other were designed as well, including bus stops, sidewalks, and a pedestrian underpass. The pedestrian underpass structure will span from the north to the south end of Chancellor Boulevard, on the east side of the Hamber Road intersection. The underpass will be shared between the pedestrians and cyclists. Signage along the corridor is to be added as per the detailed drawings attached to the report. The stormwater management system has also been redesigned to convey minor and major storm events that are expected to occur. Additional catch basins will be added to prevent ponding and the pipe network will also require upsizing. The drainage in the underpass tunnel has also been designed to prevent flooding from occurring. Lighting has been designed to be installed all along the corridor to help promote safety for all users of the road. 9.14m Davit luminaire poles will be used to mount the 71W ATBS LED head fixtures by American Electric Lighting Addition for roadway and roundabout lighting. New Westminster Series NWS 16" will be used for pedestrian sidewalk lighting. The tunnel will have 70W HPS lights installed at 1.8m intervals. The total cost of construction of this project is estimated to be $6.58M. These costs were calculated based on a start date of May 2018 and an anticipated completion date in March 2019. For further detail, please refer to the body of the report. Attached to the report are appendices for sample calculations, detailed drawings, and specifications used for this project. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Additional file 5 of Developing a toolkit for engagement practice: sharing power with communities in priority-setting for global health research projects
Creators: name: Pratt, Bridget
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 5. Sharing Power with Communities in Priority-Setting for Health Research Projects: A Toolkit. Worksheet 3B.
Model Dependence of Lateral Distribution Functions of High Energy Cosmic Ray Air Showers
Creators: name: Drescher, Hans-Joachim
name: Bleicher, Marcus
name: Soff, Sven
name: Stoecker, Horst
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of high and low energy hadronic models on lateral distribution functions of cosmic ray air showers for AUGER energies is explored. A large variety of presently used high and low energy hadron interaction models are analysed and the resulting lateral distribution functions are compared. We show that the slope as well as the signal at 1000 m distance from the shower axis depend on both the high and low energy hadronic model used. The models are confronted with available hadron-nucleus data from accelerator experiments.
description: 8 pages, 18 figures, accepted version, Journal of Astroparticle Physics
Learning Optimal Temperature Region for Solving Mixed Integer Functional DCOPs
Creators: name: Mahmud, Saaduddin
name: Khan, Md. Mosaddek
name: Choudhury, Moumita
name: Tran-Thanh, Long
name: Jennings, Nicholas R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Distributed Constraint Optimization Problems (DCOPs) are an important framework for modeling coordinated decision-making problems in multi-agent systems with a set of discrete variables. Later works have extended DCOPs to model problems with a set of continuous variables, named Functional DCOPs (F-DCOPs). In this paper, we combine both of these frameworks into the Mixed Integer Functional DCOP (MIF-DCOP) framework that can deal with problems regardless of their variables' type. We then propose a novel algorithm $-$ Distributed Parallel Simulated Annealing (DPSA), where agents cooperatively learn the optimal parameter configuration for the algorithm while also solving the given problem using the learned knowledge. Finally, we empirically evaluate our approach in DCOP, F-DCOP, and MIF-DCOP settings and show that DPSA produces solutions of significantly better quality than the state-of-the-art non-exact algorithms in their corresponding settings.
description: Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence Main track. Pages 268-275
Scholarly publishing trends: preprint servers and  disappearing scientific journals (Featured Article)
Creators: name: Kubilius, Ramune
Publisher: name: Prism. Galter Health Sciences Library. Northwestern University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: journals, medical
subject: Scholarly publishing
subject: Scholarly periodicals

description: Published in Biofeedback 45(4): 3-5 , Fall 2020.
Feature article in Biofeedback, newsletter of the Special Libraries Association, Biomedical and Life Sciences Division. 
Deposited with permission of the Biomedical and Life Sciences Division (now Community).
Nesothrips minor
Creators: name: Eow, Li-Xin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Thysanoptera
Thripidae
Nesothrips
Nesothrips minor

description: Nesothrips minor (Bagnall, 1921: 287)
(Fig. 52)
 Cryptothrips rhizophorae Girault, 1927: 2. syn.n.
 This species was described from Rodrigues in the Indian Ocean. Mound (1974b) treated brevicollis from Japan as a senior synonym of minor, but Okajima (1990, 2006) treated these two as distinct, with brevicollis known only from Japan, and minor widely distributed between Fiji and Hawaii in the Pacific through southern Japan, Indonesia and Malaysia to India and Rodrigues. In the present study, specimens have been examined from Mauritius, Cocos Keeling Islands, Java, Malaysia, East Timor, northern Australia, and Lord Howe Island. The shape of the tube, and the length of the tube relative to the head length, was found to be variable amongst these specimens. However, all of our specimens have the wing-retaining setae long and curved, and the posterior margin of the pelta entire. In contrast, Okajima (2006) indicates that brevicollis has the wing-retaining setae short and straight, and the posterior margin of the pelta slightly eroded medially. The specimen described by Girault as rhizophorae cannot be distinguished from the specimens here identified as minor.
 Diagnosis. Macropterous, hemimacropterous and micropterous, body brown, abdomen darker, tube distal end paler; antennal segments I–III yellow, IV yellow with apex variably shaded brown, V brown with yellow pedicel, VI–VIII brown; mid and hind legs with femora shading from brown at base to yellow postero-distally, tibiae brown, tarsi yellow; fore wings light brown. Head as long as wide, not projecting in front of eyes; postocellar setae acute, on or close to tangent between posterior margin of hind ocelli (Fig. 52); postocular setae acute to weakly blunt; eyes slightly smaller ventrally than dorsally; maxillary stylets widely spaced V-shaped; maxillary palp segment I as long as wide, segment II about 3 times as long as I. Pronotum with 5 pairs of major setae, am acute, remaining pairs stout and rather blunt, notopleural sutures complete; mesopresternum boat-shaped; metathoracic sternopleural sutures long and curved. Mesonotum anterior with small microtrichia on sculpture lines; metanotum reticulate with one pair of median setae. Pelta with broadly rounded median lobe and relatively flat lateral wings; tergites III–VII wing-retaining setae vary from sigmoid to curved, with one pair of discal setae medially; tergite IX setae acute, about 0.8 as long as tube, S3 longest. Major male with large pronotum, swollen fore femora, stout fore tarsal tooth (Fig. 52).
description: Published as part of Eow, Li-Xin, 2014, Australian species of spore-feeding Thysanoptera in the genera Carientothrips and Nesothrips (Thysanoptera: Idolothripinae), pp. 193-221 in Zootaxa 3821 (2) on page 218, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3821.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4919972
A THEORETICAL MODEL OF OVERGRAZING IN TRADITIONAL LIVESTOCK ECONOMIES OF AFRICA: A PARADOX OF PERCEIVED VALUES
Creators: name: Sullivan, G.M.
name: Stokes, K.W.
name: Farris, D.E.
name: Sullivan, G.M.
name: Stokes, K.W.
name: Farris, D.E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: International Development

description: Communal grazing is the mojor barrier to development of livestock economies in Africa. With a theoretical model, the paradox in a producer's perceived values for inputs and outputs in his livestock operation is examined to explain overgrazing. Analysis of governemnt policies indicate improved livestock systems requireappropriate institution building.