cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Protzia gata Cook 1967
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Protziidae
Protzia
Protzia gata

description: Protzia gata Cook, 1967
Records from the study area: Tamil Nadu—Cook (1967); Prasad (1974).
Habitat: Mountain streams.
Distribution: India.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
Facilitation of Quantal Release Induced by a D1-like Receptor on Bovine Chromaffin Cells †
Creators: name: Villanueva, Melissa
name: Wightman, R. Mark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Dopaminergic receptors are found on bovine adrenal chromaffin cells and have been implicated in the facilitation of an inward calcium current [Artalejo et al., (1990) Nature 348, 239–242] that could enhance release. However, previous studies using incubations of long duration (minutes) with dopaminergic receptor antagonists have found instead an inhibition of catecholamine release. In this work we used brief (subsecond) chemical depolarizing stimuli to reexamine the role of dopaminergic receptors on exocytosis from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Responses to consecutive depolarizing stimuli were compared using amperometry to monitor vesicular release events and intracellular fura-2 to examine Ca2+ dynamics within individual cells. Restoration of intracellular Ca2+ levels to their initial values following exposure to 60 mM K+ was found to be prolonged unless the exposure was brief (0.5 s) and the cells were maintained at 37ºC. However, with these optimum conditions, a second stimulation evoked more exocytotic events than the first. This effect was blocked by SCH-23390, a D1 antagonist, in a dose dependent fashion, but not by raclopride, a D2 antagonist. The D1 agonist, SKF-38393, enhanced the number of exocytotic events as did prior exposure of the cell to epinephrine. Taken together, the data indicate that released catecholamines can enhance their own release by interaction with a D1-like receptor on bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.
Incidence and progression of hand osteoarthritis in a large community-based cohort: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project
Creators: name: Alvarez, C.
name: Renner, J.B.
name: Snyder, E.A.
name: Jordan, J.M.
name: Nelson, A.E.
name: Golightly, Y.M.
Publisher: name: W.B. Saunders Ltd
Year: 2020

description: Objective: To describe the incidence and progression of radiographic and symptomatic hand osteoarthritis (rHOA and sxHOA) in a large community-based cohort. Design: Data were from the Johnston County OA Project (1999–2015, 12 ± 1.2 years follow-up, age 45+). Participants had bilateral hand radiographs each visit, read for Kellgren–Lawrence grade (KLG) at 30 joints. We defined rHOA as KLG ≥2 in ≥1 joint. SxHOA was defined in a hand/joint with rHOA and self-reported symptoms or tenderness on exam. Incidence was assessed in those without, while progression was assessed in those with, baseline rHOA. Proportions or medians are reported; differences by sex and race were assessed using models appropriate for dichotomous or continuous definitions, additionally adjusted for age, education, body mass index (BMI), and weight change. Results: Of 800 participants (68% women, 32% African American, mean age 60 years), 327 had baseline rHOA and were older, more often white and female, than those without rHOA (n = 473). The incidence of HOA was high, for rHOA (60%) and for sxHOA (13%). Women were more likely than men to have incident HOA, particularly for distal interphalangeal joint radiographic osteoarthritis (DIP rOA) (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) 1.60 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) [1.03, 2.49]) and sxHOA (aOR 2.98 [1.50, 5.91]). Progressive HOA was more similar by sex, although thumb base rOA progressed more frequently in women than in men (aOR 2.56 [1.44, 4.55]). Particularly HOA incidence, but also progression, was more frequent among whites compared with African Americans. Conclusion: This study provides much needed information about the natural history of HOA, a common and frequently debilitating condition, in the general population.
Language Shift in Northern Pakistan : The Case of Domaakí and Pashto
Creators: name: Weinreich, Matthias
Publisher: name: [Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt], [Halle, Saale]
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: DDC::4** Sprache::49* Andere Sprachen::491 Ostindoeuropäische und keltische Sprachen

description: The paper is devoted to the phenomenon of mother tongue change, which is known as the most common course of language death. The languages under consideration are Domaakí, with ea. 350 speakers in the Nager and Hunza Valleys, and Pashto, as spoken by permanent migrants in ea. 150 households scattered all over the Northern Areas. By analysing and comparing the social environment of both speech communities the author attempts to illustrate the importance of the speakers' attitude towards their own mother tongue in the process of language shift.
On Supersymmetry, Boundary Actions and Brane Charges
Creators: name: Di Pietro, Lorenzo
name: Klinghoffer, Nizan
name: Shamir, Itamar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supersymmetry transformations change the Lagrangian $\mathscr{L}$ into a total derivative $δ\mathscr{L} = \partial_μ\mathcal{V}^μ$. On manifolds with boundaries the total derivative term is an obstruction to preserving supersymmetry. Such total derivative terms can be canceled by a boundary action without specifying boundary conditions, but only for a subalgebra of supersymmetry. We study compensating boundary actions for $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetry in 4d, and show that they are determined independently of the details of the theory and of the boundary conditions. Two distinct classes of boundary actions exist, which correspond to preserving either a linear combination of supercharges of opposite chirality (called A-type) or supercharges of opposite chirality independently (B-type). The first option preserves a subalgebra isomorphic to $\mathcal{N} = 1$ in 3d, while the second preserves only a 2d subgroup of the Lorentz symmetry and a subalgebra isomorphic to $\mathcal{N} = (0,2)$ in 2d. These subalgebras are in one to one correspondence with half-BPS objects: the A-type corresponds to domain walls while the B-type corresponds to strings. We show that integrating the full current algebra and taking into account boundary contributions leads to an energy-momentum tensor which contains the boundary terms. The boundary terms come from the domain wall and string currents in the two respective cases.
description: 31 pages, 1 figure
Myristoyl-Based Transport of Peptides into Living Cells †
Creators: name: Sims, Christopher E.
name: Allbritton, Nancy L.
name: Nelson, Allison R.
name: Borland, Laura
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Translocation of membrane impermeant molecules to the interior of living cells is a necessity for many biochemical investigations. Myristoylation was studied as a means to introduce peptides into living cells. Uptake of a myristoylated, fluorescent peptide was efficient in the B lymphocyte cell line BA/F3. In contrast, this cell line was resistant to peptide uptake using a cell penetrating peptide derived from the TAT protein. In BA/F3 cells, membrane association was shown to be rapid reaching a maximum within 30 minutes. Cellular uptake of the peptide lagged the membrane association, but occurred within a similar time frame. Experiments performed at 37°C vs. 4°C demonstrated profound temperature dependence in the cellular uptake of myristoylated cargo. Myristoylated peptides with either positive or negative charge were shown to load efficiently. In contrast to TAT-conjugated cargo, pyrenebutyrate did not enhance cellular uptake of the myristoylated peptide. The myristoylated peptide did not adversely affect cell viability at concentrations up to 100 μM. This assessment of myristoyl-based transport provides fundamental data needed in understanding the intracellular delivery of myristoylated peptide cargoes for cell-based biochemical studies.
title: Social-Media-Marketing und Content-Produktion: die Marketingmöglichkeiten der Fakultät Informatik an der Hochschule Schmalkalden
Creators: name: Schenk, Larissa
Publisher: name: Hochschule Schmalkalden
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Neue elektronische Medien
subject: Kommunikationswissenschaft
subject: Hochschule Schmalkalden
subject: Informatik
subject: Social Media
subject: Content
subject: Kommunikation
subject: 070
subject: 004
subject: 380

description: Anfangs wurde das Ziel gesetzt, einen Überblick über die Social-Media Marketingmöglichkeiten zu geben, die sich an der Fakultät Informatik der Hochschule Schmalkalden bieten. Ergänzend sollte ein kurzer Einblick in die Möglichkeiten der Content-Produktion gegeben werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass aktuell das Social-Media-Marketing und die Content Produktion an der Fakultät Informatik ausbaufähig sind. Die Beschreibung der verschiedenen sozialen Netzwerke mit ihren Funktionen und ihren Möglichkeiten zu Veröffentlichung von Inhalten zeigt, dass die Netzwerke viel Potenzial bieten, das die Fakultät ausnutzen sollte. Weiterhin ist erkennbar, dass bisher ohne Strategie gearbeitet und kein Wert auf Konsistenz und Einheitlichkeit der Beiträge gelegt wurde. Außerdem lässt sich sagen, dass die Onlinekommunikation über verschiedene soziale Netzwerke eine sehr gute Möglichkeit bietet, die Fakultät Informatik der Hochschule Schmalkalden nach außen zu repräsentieren. Dabei können die unterschiedlichsten Zielgruppen, die für das Marketing einer Hochschule definiert wurden, erreicht werden. Außerdem ist es sinnvoll, im Voraus eine detaillierte Marketingstrategie zu erarbeiten, welche eine langfristige Orientierung bietet. Neben der Definition von Verantwortlichkeiten sind Konsistenz, Langfristigkeit und Engagement die wichtigsten Grundlagen für ein erfolgreiches Social-Media-Marketing. Des Weiteren wurde beschrieben, dass es an der Fakultät Informatik zahlreiche Möglichkeiten gibt, qualitativ hochwertigen Content zu produzieren und auch zu veröffentlichen. Neben den eigens für Social Media kreierten Inhalten können auch studentische Foto- und Videoprojekte, die in jedem Semester ohnehin erstellt werden, veröffentlicht werden. Auch wenn die Beschäftigung und die regelmäßige Produktion von Content viel Zeit und langfristiges Engagement erfordern, lohnt es sich, in die Welt der sozialen Medien einzutauchen.
Solution Structure of Polymerase μ's BRCT Domain Reveals an Element Essential for Its Role in Nonhomologous End Joining †
Creators: name: DeRose, Eugene F.
name: Galban, Cristina J.
name: Havener, Jody M.
name: London, Robert E.
name: Ramsden, Dale A.
name: Lee, Andrew L.
name: Gilmore, Steven A.
name: Clarkson, Michael W.
name: Mueller, Geoffrey A.
name: Tripathy, Ashutosh
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The solution structure and dynamics of the BRCT domain from human DNA polymerase μ, implicated in repair of chromosome breaks by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), has been determined using NMR methods. BRCT domains are typically involved in protein—protein interactions between factors required for the cellular response to DNA damage. The pol μ BRCT domain is atypical in that, unlike other reported BRCT structures, the pol μ BRCT is neither part of a tandem grouping, nor does it appear to form stable homodimers. Although the sequence of the pol μ BRCT domain has some unique characteristics, particularly the presence of > 10% proline residues, it forms the characteristic αβα sandwich, in which three alpha helices are arrayed around a central four-stranded β-sheet. The structure of helix α1 is characterized by two solvent-exposed hydrophobic residues, F46 and L50, suggesting that this element may play a role in mediating interactions of pol μ with other proteins. Consistent with this argument, mutation of these residues, as well as the proximal, conserved residue R43, specifically blocked the ability of pol μ to efficiently work together with NHEJ factors Ku and XRCC4-ligase IV to join noncomplementary ends together in vitro. The structural, dynamic, and biochemical evidence reported here identifies a functional surface in the pol μ BRCT domain critical for promoting assembly and activity of the NHEJ machinery. Further, the similarity between the interaction regions of the BRCT domains of pol μ and TdT support the conclusion that they participate in NHEJ as alternate polymerases.
title: Biology of Mimulus guttatus in Thermal Areas in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming
Creators: name: Rice, Barbara
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1973

description: Mimulus guttatus populations in Yellowstone Park were studied in relation to their thermal habitat. Thermal areas have an extra-solar heat source, and are not snow covered in winter. Snow depth on adjacent non thermal soils may exceed 1 meter. The hypothesis that these populations have formed a distinct high temperature tolerant race was tested.
Thermal populations form two categories, based on habitat type: plants on sinter and plants in boggy areas. Plants growing on sinter are dwarfed, with an average height of 5.6 ±. 2.2 cm. They are facultative annuals which germinate in the fall, overwinter as rosettes, and flower the following spring. Plants in boggy areas average 27.7 ±. 4.3 cm in height, are perennials which colonize open areas by vegetative reproduction, and which also overwinter as rosettes. Plants removed from sinter and placed in conditions with ample water assume the morphological characteristics and perennial habit of plants from boggy sites. Summer leaf temperatures of healthy plants in thermal areas seldom exceed 36 C, but root temperatures may reach 40 - 45 C. The upper limit of root temperature in the field is about 45 C. Winter leaf temperatures ranged from 5 - 20 C and root temperatures from 10 - 29 C.
Seeds from thermal populations, germinated at four temperature combinations, show a negative correlation between germination success and increasing temperature of treatment. Germination was optimal at 10/5 C (day/night temperatures). In the laboratory, seed was obtained from artificial cross-pollination between Mimulus populations growing on sinter and in boggy areas. At 2 0/10 C germination success varied among populations from 62% to 81%. Seed from crosses between plants of thermal and nonthermal populations had germination success from 92% to 100% , varying with population.
Photosynthesis rates for nonthermal Mimulus at 8, 25, and 35 C showed a maximum at 25 C. Plants grown at low temperatures, but pretreated for 24 hours at 25 C had higher photosynthetic rates at 25 C and 35 C than plants pretreated at 10 C, indicating an ability to adapt quickly to temperature changes.
Plants from the thermal areas do not have high leaf temperatures, nor do they exhibit tolerance to high temperatures during germination or during photosynthesis. No significant reproductive barriers were found between thermal and nonthermal populations; the only criteria examined were seed set of cross-pollinated plants and germinability of the F1 seed. It is concluded that Mimulus guttatus in the Yellowstone thermal areas is probably not a high-temperature tolerant race. Its success in high temperature areas is derived from the ability to utilize more than one life cycle and growth form strategy in response to stress.
Osteoarthritis physical activity care pathway (OA-PCP): Results of a feasibility trial
Creators: name: Grimm, K.
name: Hu, D.G.
name: Nelson, A.E.
name: Rees, J.
name: Vu, M.B.
name: Cleveland, R.J.
name: Griesemer, I.
name: Hales, D.P.
name: Allen, K.
name: Callahan, L.F.
name: Huffman, K.
name: Wandishin, A.E.
name: Golightly, Y.M.
name: Pathak, A.
name: Rethorn, Z.D.
name: Gilbert, A.L.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd.
Year: 2020

description: Background: To obtain information on feasibility and acceptability, as well as preliminary data on efficacy, of an Osteoarthritis Physical activity Care Pathway (OA-PCP). Methods: This was a single group pilot study involving 60 participants with symptomatic, physician diagnosed knee or hip OA, recruited from primary care clinics. Participants self-reported completing less than 150 min per week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at baseline. The 3-month OA-PCP intervention involved 3 physical activity (PA) coaching calls (focused on goal setting), three check-in emails and linkage with community-based or online resources to support PA. Efficacy outcomes were collected at baseline and 4-month follow-up. The primary efficacy outcome was minutes of MVPA, assessed via accelerometer. Secondary outcomes included minutes of light intensity activity, sedentary minutes, step counts, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) pain and function subscales. Participants were also asked to rate the helpfulness of the OA-PCP intervention on a scale of 0-10. Differences in efficacy outcomes between baseline and 4-month follow-up were assessed using paired t-tests. Results: Among participants beginning the study, 88% completed follow-up assessments and ≥ 90% completed each of the intervention calls. Average daily minutes of MVPA was 8.0 at baseline (standard deviation (SD) = 9.9) and 8.9 at follow-up (SD = 12.1, p = 0.515). There were no statistically significant changes in light intensity activity, sedentary time or step counts. The mean WOMAC pain score improved from 8.1 (SD = 3.6) at baseline to 6.2 (SD = 3.8) at follow-up (p < 0.001); the mean WOMAC function score improved from 26.2 (SD = 13.2) to 20.2 (SD = 12.5; p < 0.001). The mean rating of helpfulness was 7.6 (SD = 2.5). Conclusions: Results supported the feasibility and acceptability of the study, and participants reported clinically relevant improvements in pain and function. PA metrics did not improve substantially. Based on these results and participant feedback, modifications including enhanced self-monitoring are being made to increase the impact of the OA-PCP intervention on PA behavior. Trial registration: NCT03780400, December 19, 2018.
Solution Structures of a DNA Dodecamer Duplex with and without a Cisplatin 1,2-d(GG) Intrastrand Cross-Link:  Comparison with the Same DNA Duplex Containing an Oxaliplatin 1,2-d(GG) Intrastrand Cross-Link † , ‡
Creators: name: Swenberg, James A.
name: Huh, Sung-Ho
name: Campbell, Sharon L.
name: Boysen, Gunnar
name: Baskerville-Abraham, Irene
name: Temple, Brenda
name: Chaney, Stephen G.
name: Wu, Yibing
name: King, Candice L.
name: Bhattacharyya, Debadeep
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Proteins that discriminate between cisplatin–DNA adducts and oxaliplatin–DNA adducts are thought to be responsible for the differences in tumor range, toxicity, and mutagenicity of these two important chemotherapeutic agents. However, the structural basis for differential protein recognition of these adducts has not been determined and could be important for the design of more effective platinum anticancer agents. We have determined high-resolution NMR structures for cisplatin–GG and undamaged DNA dodecamers in the AGGC sequence context and have compared these structures with the oxaliplatin–GG structure in the same sequence context determined previously in our laboratory. This structural study allows the first direct comparison of cisplatin–GG DNA and oxaliplatin–GG DNA solution structures referenced to undamaged DNA in the same sequence context. Non-hydrogen atom rmsds of 0.81 and 1.21 were determined for the 15 lowest-energy structures for cisplatin–GG DNA and undamaged DNA, respectively, indicating good structural convergence. The theoretical NOESY spectra obtained by back-calculation from the final average structures showed excellent agreement with the experimental data, indicating that the final structures are consistent with the NMR data. Several significant conformational differences were observed between the cisplatin–GG adduct and the oxaliplatin–GG adduct, including buckle at the 5′ G6•C19 base pair, opening at the 3′ G7•C18 base pair, twist at the A5G6•T20C19 base pair step, slide, twist, and roll at the G6G7•C19C18 base pair step, slide at the G7C8•C18G17 base pair step, G6G7 dihedral angle, and overall bend angle. We hypothesize that these conformational differences may be related to the ability of various DNA repair proteins, DNA binding proteins, and DNA polymerases to discriminate between cisplatin–GG and oxaliplatin–GG adducts.
Unusually Strong Binding to the DNA Minor Groove by a Highly Twisted Benzimidazole Diphenylether:  Induced Fit and Bound Water †
Creators: name: Tanious, Farial A.
name: Bailly, Christian
name: Wilson, W. David
name: Peixoto, Paul
name: Lewis, Mark A.
name: Tidwell, Richard R.
name: Laine, William
name: Goodwin, Kristie D.
name: Long, Eric C.
name: Georgiadis, Millie M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: RT29 is a dicationic diamidine derivative that does not obey the classical “rules” for shape and functional group placement that are expected to result in strong binding and specific recognition of the DNA minor groove. The compound contains a benzimidazole-diphenyl ether core that is flanked by the amidine cations. The diphenyl ether is highly twisted and gives the entire compound too much curvature to fit well to the shape of the minor groove. DNaseI footprinting, fluorescence intercalator displacement studies and circular dichroism spectra, however, indicate that the compound is an AT specific minor groove binding agent. Even more surprisingly, quantitative biosensor-surface plasmon resonance and isothermal titration calorimetric results indicate that the compound binds with exceptional strength to certain AT sequences in DNA with a large negative enthalpy of binding. Crystallographic results for the DNA complex of RT29 compared to calculated results for the free compound show that the compound undergoes significant conformational changes to enhance its minor groove interactions. In addition, a water molecule is incorporated directly into the complex to complete the compound-DNA interface and it forms an essential link between the compound and base pair edges at the floor of the minor groove. The calculated ΔCp value for complex formation is substantially less than the experimentally observed value in support of water being an intrinsic part of the complex with a major contribution to the ΔCp value. Both the induced fit conformational changes of the compound and the bound water are essential for strong binding to DNA by RT29.
Minimax Estimation of Discrete Distributions under $\ell_1$ Loss
Creators: name: Han, Yanjun
name: Jiao, Jiantao
name: Weissman, Tsachy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We analyze the problem of discrete distribution estimation under $\ell_1$ loss. We provide non-asymptotic upper and lower bounds on the maximum risk of the empirical distribution (the maximum likelihood estimator), and the minimax risk in regimes where the alphabet size $S$ may grow with the number of observations $n$. We show that among distributions with bounded entropy $H$, the asymptotic maximum risk for the empirical distribution is $2H/\ln n$, while the asymptotic minimax risk is $H/\ln n$. Moreover, Moreover, we show that a hard-thresholding estimator oblivious to the unknown upper bound $H$, is asymptotically minimax. However, if we constrain the estimates to lie in the simplex of probability distributions, then the asymptotic minimax risk is again $2H/\ln n$. We draw connections between our work and the literature on density estimation, entropy estimation, total variation distance ($\ell_1$ divergence) estimation, joint distribution estimation in stochastic processes, normal mean estimation, and adaptive estimation.
A Biosensor of S100A4 Metastasis Factor Activation:  Inhibitor Screening and Cellular Activation Dynamics †
Creators: name: Garrett, Sarah C.
name: Bresnick, Anne R.
name: Lawrence, David S.
name: Hodgson, Louis
name: Hahn, Klaus M.
name: Toutchkine, Alexei
name: Rybin, Andrew
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: S100A4, a member of the S100 family of Ca2+-binding proteins, displays elevated expression in malignant human tumors compared with benign tumors, and increased expression correlates strongly with poor patient survival. S100A4 has a direct role in metastatic progression, likely due to the modulation of actomyosin cytoskeletal dynamics, which results in increased cellular motility. We developed a fluorescent biosensor (Mero-S100A4) that reports on the Ca2+-bound, activated form of S100A4. Direct attachment of a novel solvatochromatic reporter dye to S100A4 results in a sensor that, upon activation, undergoes a 3-fold enhancement in fluorescence, thus providing a sensitive assay for use in vitro and in vivo. In cells, localized activation of S100A4 at the cell periphery is observed during random migration and following stimulation with lysophosphatidic acid, a known activator of cell motility and proliferation. Additionally, a screen against a library of FDA-approved drugs with the biosensor identified an array of phenothiazines as inhibitors of myosin-II associated S100A4 function. These data demonstrate the utility of the new biosensor both for drug discovery and for probing the cellular dynamics controlled by the S100A4 metastasis factor.
Cross-attention Spatio-temporal Context Transformer for Semantic Segmentation of Historical Maps
Creators: name: Wu, Sidi
name: Chen, Yizi
name: Schindler, Konrad
name: Hurni, Lorenz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Historical maps provide useful spatio-temporal information on the Earth's surface before modern earth observation techniques came into being. To extract information from maps, neural networks, which gain wide popularity in recent years, have replaced hand-crafted map processing methods and tedious manual labor. However, aleatoric uncertainty, known as data-dependent uncertainty, inherent in the drawing/scanning/fading defects of the original map sheets and inadequate contexts when cropping maps into small tiles considering the memory limits of the training process, challenges the model to make correct predictions. As aleatoric uncertainty cannot be reduced even with more training data collected, we argue that complementary spatio-temporal contexts can be helpful. To achieve this, we propose a U-Net-based network that fuses spatio-temporal features with cross-attention transformers (U-SpaTem), aggregating information at a larger spatial range as well as through a temporal sequence of images. Our model achieves a better performance than other state-or-art models that use either temporal or spatial contexts. Compared with pure vision transformers, our model is more lightweight and effective. To the best of our knowledge, leveraging both spatial and temporal contexts have been rarely explored before in the segmentation task. Even though our application is on segmenting historical maps, we believe that the method can be transferred into other fields with similar problems like temporal sequences of satellite images. Our code is freely accessible at https://github.com/chenyizi086/wu.2023.sigspatial.git.
title: Resonancias del Quijote en el siglo XXI 8
Creators: name: Tecnológico de Monterrey
Publisher: name: Tecnológico de Monterrey
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/03ayjn504
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 6.2
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Este 2024, el programa Pasión por la Lectura, iniciativa de la Cátedra Alfonso Reyes del Tecnológico de Monterrey, ha elegido como libro del año al emblemático El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha. Con orgullo se presenta el XXIII capítulo de la segunda parte prologado por Víctor Miguel Gutiérrez, profesor del Campus Monterrey.
Activation of Human Phospholipase C-η2 by Gβγ †
Creators: name: Harden, T. Kendall
name: Sondek, John
name: Zhou, Yixing
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Phospholipase C-η2 (PLC-η2) was recently identified as a novel broadly expressed phosphoinositide-hydrolyzing isozyme [Zhou, Y., et al. (2005) Biochem. J. 391, 667–676; Nakahara, M., et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280, 29128–29134]. In this study, we investigated the direct regulation of PLC-η2 by Gβγ subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. Coexpression of PLC-η2 with Gβ1γ2, as well as with certain other Gβγ dimers, in COS-7 cells resulted in increases in inositol phosphate accumulation. Gβ1γ2-dependent increases in phosphoinositide hydrolysis also were observed with a truncation mutant of PLC-η2 that lacks the long alternatively spliced carboxy-terminal domain of the isozyme. To begin to define the enzymatic properties of PLC-η2 and its potential direct activation by Gβγ, a construct of PLC-η2 encompassing the canonical domains conserved in all PLCs (PH domain through C2 domain) was purified to homogeneity after expression from a baculovirus in insect cells. Enzyme activity of purified PLC-η2 was quantified after reconstitution with PtdIns(4,5)P2-containing phospholipid vesicles, and values for Km (14.4 µM) and Vmax [12.6 µmol min−1 (mg of protein)−1] were similar to activities previously observed with purified PLC-β or PLC-ε isozymes. Moreover, purified Gβ1γ2 stimulated the activity of purified PLC-η2 in a concentration-dependent manner similar to that observed with purified PLC-β2. Activation was dependent on the presence of free Gβ1γ2 since its sequestration in the presence of Gαi1 or GRK2-ct reversed Gβ1γ2-promoted activation. The PH domain of PLC-η2 is not required for Gβ1γ2-mediated regulation since a purified fragment encompassing the EF-hand through C2 domains but lacking the PH domain nonetheless was activated by Gβ1γ2. Taken together, these studies illustrate that PLC-η2 is a direct downstream effector of Gβγ and, therefore, of receptor-activated heterotrimeric G proteins.
Centrality dependence of particle production in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN} }$= 5.02 TeV
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurements of the primary charged particle pseudorapidity density and transverse momentum distributions in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV, and investigate their correlation with experimental observables sensitive to the centrality of the collision. Centrality classes are defined using different event activity estimators, i.e. charged particle multiplicities measured in three disjunct pseudorapidity regions as well as the energy measured at beam rapidity (zero-degree). The procedures to determine the centrality, quantified by the number of participants ($N_{\rm part}$), or the number of nucleon-nucleon binary collisions ($N_{\rm coll}$), are described. We show that, in contrast to Pb-Pb collisions, in p-Pb collisions large multiplicity fluctuations together with the small range of participants available, generate a dynamical bias in centrality classes based on particle multiplicity. We propose to use the zero-degree energy, which we expect not to introduce a dynamical bias, as an alternative event-centrality estimator. Based on zero-degree energy centrality classes, the $N_{\rm part}$ dependence of particle production is studied. Under the assumption that the multiplicity measured in the Pb-going rapidity region scales with the number of Pb-participants, an approximate independence of the multiplicity per participating nucleon measured at mid-rapitity of the number of participating nucleons is observed. Furthermore, at high-$p_{\rm T}$ the p-Pb spectra are found to be consistent with the pp spectra scaled by $N_{\rm coll}$ for all centrality classes. Our results represent valuable input for the study of the event activity dependence of hard probes in p-Pb collision and, hence, help to establish baselines for the interpretation of the Pb-Pb data.
description: 47 pages, 22 captioned figures, 7 tables, authors from page 41, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/1155
Supplementary Material for the article entitled "Analog of the Hutchinson equation in biophysical neurodynamics: from the Morris-Lecar model to a delay differential equation"
Creators: name: Paraskevov, Alexander
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 320999
subject: Neurosciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310908
subject: Animal physiology - biophysics
classificationCode: 320802
subject: Human biophysics
classificationCode: 490105
subject: Dynamical systems in applications
classificationCode: 490302
subject: Numerical analysis
classificationCode: 510501
subject: Biological physics

description: The Supplementary Material contains (i) the data for all graphs shown in the article and (ii) ready-to-use MATLAB/Octave codes for reproducing simulations.
Hydrophobic Core Mutations in CI2 Globally Perturb Fast Side-Chain Dynamics Similarly without Regard to Position †
Creators: name: Zhang, Jun
name: Whitley, Matthew J.
name: Lee, Andrew L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Protein dynamics is currently an area of intense research because of its importance as complementary information to the huge quantity of available data relating protein structure and function. Because it is usually the influence of dynamics on function that is studied, the physical determinants of the distribution of flexibility in proteins have not been explored as thoroughly. In the present NMR study, an expanded suite of five 2H relaxation experiments was used to characterize the picosecond-nanosecond side-chain dynamics of chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 (CI2) and five hydrophobic core mutants, some of which are members of the folding nucleus. Because CI2 is a homologue of the serine protease inhibitor eglin c, which has already been extensively characterized in terms of its dynamics, it was possible to compare not only side-chain dynamics, but also the responses of these dynamics to analogous mutations. Remarkably, each of the five core mutations in CI2 led to similar and reproducible increases in side-chain flexibility throughout the entire structure. Although the expanded suite of 2H relaxation experiments does not affect model selection for the vast majority of residues, it did enable the detection of increasing levels of nanosecond-scale motions in CI2’s reactive site binding loop as the L68 side chain was progressively shortened by mutation. Collectively, we observed that the CI2 mutants are more dynamically similar to each other than to the more rigid wild-type CI2, from which we conclude that wild-type CI2 has been optimized to a specific level of rigidity which may aid in its function as a serine protease inhibitor. We also observed that the pattern of side-chain dynamics of CI2 is quantitatively similar to eglin c, but that this similarity is lost upon mutating both proteins at an equivalent position. Finally, 15N relaxation was used to characterize the backbone dynamics of wild-type and mutant CI2. Interestingly, mutation at folding nucleus positions led to widespread increases in backbone flexibility, whereas non-folding-nucleus positions led to increases in flexibility in the C-terminal half of the protein only.
title: Asymmetries in ideologies: a question of measurements?
Creators: name: Klaus, Adriane
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ideologie
subject: Anhängerschaft
subject: Inhalt
subject: Bedürfnis
subject: Motivation
subject: Anerkennung
subject: Ablehnung
subject: 320

description: Differences in psychological needs and interests have been connected to the endorsement of different belief systems (Jost, Federico & Napier, 2009, p. 314). In 2017, Jost summarized findings connecting existential, relational and epistemic needs to ideology (Jost, 2017, p. 167). This thesis reevaluates the reported results concerning their assessment of ideology, differentiating between indirect and direct measures, symbolic and operational as well as economic and social ideology. Further, additional information on direct measures was derived from the source samples indicated in Jost, 2017. A total of 295 effect sizes was analyzed. Overall, Josts (2017) results were reproducible, with the averages reported in it and the results found never deviating more than r = .10 from each other and straying r ≤ .05 in nearly 89%. Next, separate analyses were conducted to assess the impact of scale-type on the results. Indirect and direct averages differed around r(8) = .12 (.35 < r < .03) from each other, the symbolic and operational averages deviated r(9) = .07 (0 < r < .28) and social and economic ideology differed on average the most with around r(8) = .19 (0 < r < .36). As the sample size for social and economic ideology was rather small, an overall average across the epistemic needs was assessed as well, supporting the previously established impact of measures with the average magnitude sizes deviating r = .21 from each other. All in all, the findings support a more detailed differentiation on measures of ideology in regard of asymmetric psychological predispositions, with averages of different measures only coinciding in three cases and deviating r ≥ .05 in 16 out of 25 cases.
Methodological considerations when analysing and interpreting real-world data
Creators: name: Lund, J.L.
name: Stürmer, T.
name: Wang, T.
name: Funk, M.J.
name: Golightly, Y.M.
name: Keil, A.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2020

description: In the absence of relevant data from randomized trials, nonexperimental studies are needed to estimate treatment effects on clinically meaningful outcomes. State-of-the-art study design is imperative for minimizing the potential for bias when using large healthcare databases (e.g. claims data, electronic health records, and product/disease registries). Critical design elements include new-users (begin follow-up at treatment initiation) reflecting hypothetical interventions and clear timelines, active-comparators (comparing treatment alternatives for the same indication), and consideration of induction and latent periods. Propensity scores can be used to balance measured covariates between treatment regimens and thus control for measured confounding. Immortal-time bias can be avoided by defining initiation of therapy and follow-up consistently between treatment groups. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a non-technical overview of study design issues and solutions and to highlight the importance of study design to minimize bias in nonexperimental studies using real-world data.
Supplementary Material for the article entitled "Analog of the Hutchinson equation in biophysical neurodynamics: from the Morris-Lecar model to a delay differential equation"
Creators: name: Paraskevov, Alexander
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 320904
subject: Computational neuroscience (incl. mathematical neuroscience and theoretical neuroscience)
classificationCode: 510501
subject: Biological physics
classificationCode: 490303
subject: Numerical solution of differential and integral equations

description: The Supplementary Material contains (i) the data for all graphs shown in the article and (ii) ready-to-use MATLAB/Octave codes for reproducing simulations.
On the spectral norm of Gaussian random matrices
Creators: name: van Handel, Ramon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60B20, 46B09, 60F10

description: Let $X$ be a $d\times d$ symmetric random matrix with independent but non-identically distributed Gaussian entries. It has been conjectured by Latał{a} that the spectral norm of $X$ is always of the same order as the largest Euclidean norm of its rows. A positive resolution of this conjecture would provide a sharp understanding of the probabilistic mechanisms that control the spectral norm of inhomogeneous Gaussian random matrices. This paper establishes the conjecture up to a dimensional factor of order $\sqrt{\log\log d}$. Moreover, dimension-free bounds are developed that are optimal to leading order and that establish the conjecture in special cases. The proofs of these results shed significant light on the geometry of the underlying Gaussian processes.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure; final version, to appear in Trans. Amer. Math. Soc
Comorbid conditions and the transition among states of hip osteoarthritis and symptoms in a community-based study: A multi-state time-to-event model approach
Creators: name: Jordan, J.M.
name: Nelson, A.E.
name: Callahan, L.F.
name: Alvarez, C.
name: Golightly, Y.M.
name: Schwartz, T.A.
name: Cleveland, R.J.
name: Murphy, L.B.
name: Renner, J.B.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd.
Year: 2020

description: Background: We examined the association of three common chronic conditions (obesity, diabetes mellitus [DM], and cardiovascular disease [CVD]) with transitions among states of hip osteoarthritis (HOA). Methods: This longitudinal analysis used data from the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project (JoCo OA, n = 3857), a community-based study in North Carolina, USA, with 18.4 ± 1.5 years of follow-up. Transitions across the following states were modeled: development of radiographic HOA (rHOA; Kellgren-Lawrence grade [KLG] of< 2); development of hip symptoms (self-reported hip pain, aching, or stiffness on most days) or symptomatic HOA (sxHOA; rHOA and symptoms in the same hip), and resolution of symptoms. Obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) and self-reported DM and CVD were the time-dependent comorbid conditions of interest. Markov multi-state models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals to describe the associations between the conditions and HOA states. Results: The sample included 33% African Americans, 39% men, with a mean (SD) age of 62.2 (9.8) years; the frequencies of the comorbidities increased substantially over time. When considered individually, obesity was associated with incident hip symptoms, while CVD and DM were associated with reduced symptom resolution. For those with > 1 comorbidity, the likelihood of incident sxHOA increased, while that of symptom resolution significantly decreased. When stratified by sex, the association between obesity and incident symptoms was only seen in women; among men with DM versus men without, there was a significant (~ 75%) reduction in symptom resolution in those with rHOA. When stratified by race, African Americans with DM, versus those without, were much more likely to develop sxHOA. Conclusions: Comorbid chronic conditions are common in individuals with OA, and these conditions have a significant impact on the persistence and progression of HOA. OA management decisions, both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic, should include considerations of the inter-relationships between OA and common comorbidities such as DM and CVD.
Kinetic and Structural Studies of Phosphodiesterase-8A and Implication on the Inhibitor Selectivity † ‡
Creators: name: Yan, Zier
name: Robinson, Howard
name: Ke, Hengming
name: Cai, Jiwen
name: Wang, Huanchen
name: Yang, Serena
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase-8 (PDE8) is a family of cAMP-specific enzymes and plays important roles in many biological processes, including T-cell activation, testosterone production, adrenocortical hyperplasia, and thyroid function. However, no PDE8 selective inhibitors are available for trial treatment of human diseases. Here we report kinetic properties of the highly active PDE8A1 catalytic domain prepared from refolding and its crystal structures in the unliganded and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) bound forms at 1.9 and 2.1 Å resolutions, respectively. The PDE8A1 catalytic domain has KM of 1.8 μM, Vmax of 6.1 μmol/min/mg, kcat of 4.0 s−1 for cAMP, and KM of 1.6 mM, Vmax of 2.5 μmol/min/mg, kcat of 1.6 s−1 for cGMP, thus indicating that the substrate specificity of PDE8 is dominated by KM. The structure of the PDE8A1 catalytic domain has similar topology as those of other PDE families, but contains two extra helices around Asn685-Thr710. Since this fragment is distant from the active site of the enzyme, its impact on the catalysis is unclear. The PDE8A1 catalytic domain is insensitive to the IBMX inhibition (IC50 = 700 μM). The unfavorable interaction of IBMX in the PDE8A1-IBMX structure suggests an important role of Tyr748 in the inhibitor binding. Indeed, the mutation of Tyr748 to phenylalanine increases the PDE8A1 sensitivity to several non-selective or family-selective PDE inhibitors. Thus, the structural and mutagenesis studies provide not only insight into the enzymatic properties, but also guidelines for design of PDE8 selective inhibitors.
Cometary surface dust layers built out of millimetre-scale aggregates: dependence of modelled cometary gas production on the layer transport properties
Creators: name: Skorov, Yu.
name: Markkanen, J.
name: Reshetnyk, V.
name: Mottola, S.
name: Küppers, M.
name: Besse, S.
name: El-Maarry, M. R.
name: Hartogh, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard approach to obtaining knowledge about the properties of the surface layer of a comet from observations of gas production consists of two stages. First, various thermophysical models are used to calculate gas production for a few sets of parameters. Second, a comparison of observations and theoretical predictions is performed. This approach is complicated because the values of many model characteristics are known only approximately. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the sensitivity of the simulated outgassing to variations in the properties of the surface layer. This problem was recently considered by us for aggregates up to tens of microns in size. For millimetre-size aggregates, a qualitative extension of the method used to model the structural characteristics of the layer is required. It is also necessary to study the role of radiative thermal conductivity, which may play an important role for such large particles. We investigated layers constructed from large aggregates and having various thicknesses and porosity and evaluated the effective sublimation of water ice at different heliocentric distances. For radiative conductivity, approximate commonly used models and the complicated model based on the Dense Medium Radiative Transfer theory were compared. It was shown that for millimetre-size aggregates careful consideration of the radiative thermal conductivity is required since this mechanism of energy transfer may change the resulting gas productivity by several times. We demonstrate that our model is more realistic for an evolved comet than simple models parameterising the properties of the cometary surface layer, yet maintains comparable computational complexity.