Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) rodriguezi Feijoo & Brown & James 2017, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Feijoo, Alexander
name: Brown, George G.
name: James, Samuel W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Haplotaxida
Glossoscolecidae
Andiorrhinus
Andiorrhinus rodriguezi

description: Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) rodriguezi sp. nov.
(Figure 2A–F)
Material examined. Holotype: Clitellate specimen (COFM BRAM0001). São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas, Brazil (0°80'0"S, 67°5'0"W), in mixture of soil and compost in the backyard of a house in town. Altitude: 93 m a.s.l. Paratypes: 2 adults, 2 subadults (COFM BRAM0004). Collection date: August 2007. Collector: Sandra Tapia Coral.
Etymology. The new species was named in honor of the specialist in earthworm taxonmy and ecology Carlos Rodríguez, professor at the University of Havana, for his contributions to the study of earthworms in Latin America.
Description. Epigeic species, with red-colored dorsum and clitellum and yellow belly, corresponding to the respective color code numbers 71 and 319 (Seguy 1936), and cylindrial body, with slim and pointy posterior region. Holotype: The length of the preserved holotype is 180 mm. Its diameter is 4.4 mm in the preclitellar region, 5.3 mm in the clitellum, and 5.1 mm in the postclitellar region. Number of segments: 193. Paratype: 170 mm long with widths of 4.9 mm (segment 9), 5.0 mm (segment 19), and 4.1 mm (segment 30). Number of segments: 164. In the holotype, the first two segments and the prostomium are invaginated, pigmentation violet in the anterior region and white in the posterior region (Fig. 2A). In one of the paratypes the prostomium is long and is visible from the outside, it measures 4 cm (Fig. 2B). Four rows of closely paired setae are visible as of segment 3. The hookedshaped common setae measure 0.6 mm and have an expanded small central nodulus. Ornamentations are visible in the distal region (Fig. 2C). The distance between the setae in segment 30 is aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 5.7:1.0:8.3:0.7:27.3 and, in the posterior region in segment 152, 4.0:1.0:5.3:0.5:16.0. The setae of segments 7 and 17–22 are modified as genital setae, which are contained in large follicles. Genital setae measure 3.3 mm, with a strong curvature in the ectal 1/3 ending in a rounded tip in the ectal1/5, setae present alternating curved grooves (Fig. 2D). The saddleshaped clitellum lies in segments 17–25 (=9), with tubercula pubertatis located between segments 21–22 (=2) (Fig. 2E). The male pores are located in intersegment 17/18 and female pores in segment 16. The nephropores are located between setae c and d. Three pairs of spermathecal pores were observed in intersegments 6/7, 7/8, and 8/9, aligned with seta c.
Internal anatomy. The anterior septa of segments 6/7–12/13 are thin and difficult to separate, somewhat losing their thickness, but septa gain thickness in segments 13/14–16/17. The round muscular gizzard and thick musculature are located in the cavity of segment 6. Three pairs of sac-shaped calciferous glands, with no appendage and a lamellar internal structure, are present in segments 7–9, each gland having 24 to 26 parallel lamellae. The esophagus-intestine transition begins in segment 26 and the typhlosole begins in segment 27. There are no intestinal caeca. Five pairs of glandular masses are present in the ventral region between segments 19–24, next to genital setae. Intestinal content consists of abundant organic matter and quartz-type minerals. Three pairs of lateral hearts are present in segments 7–9 and four pairs of intestinal hearts in segments 10–13, with those of segments 12 and 13 being larger. Both supraesophageal and subesophageal vessels are present. There is one pair of holonephridia per segment.
Two pairs of oblong testis sacs contain the testes in segments 10 and 11, and there are two pairs of seminal vesicles in segments 11 and 12. The two pairs of deferent ducts open towards the male pore in intersegment 17/18. One pair of ovaries is present in the cavity of segment 13 and the female pores are located in segment 16. Three pairs of spermathecae, without diverticula, are present in segments 7, 8 and 9, with short sperm ducts covered by seminal chambers that connect to the globoid-shaped ampulla (Fig. 2F). The size of spermathecae decreases from segment 7 to 9, measuring 1.0, 1.3, and 1.4 mm.
Remarks. Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) rodriguezi sp. nov. is closely related to Andiorrhinus (A.) motto Righi & Araujo, 1999 due to the presence of three pairs of spermathecae in 6/7–8/9. The new species is distinguished by the extension of the tubercula pubertatis (Table 1), the shape of the spermathecae, shape and size of the normal setae and ornamentation of the genital setae.
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description: Published as part of Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G. & James, Samuel W., 2017, New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil, pp. 55-78 in Zootaxa 4363 (1) on pages 59-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1096127