cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Symplectic Microgeometry III: Monoids
Creators: name: Cattaneo, Alberto S.
name: Dherin, Benoit
name: Weinstein, Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81S10, 53D55, 53D50

description: We show that the category of Poisson manifolds and Poisson maps, the category of symplectic microgroupoids and lagrangian submicrogroupoids (as morphisms), and the category of monoids and monoid morphisms in the microsymplectic category are equivalent symmetric monoidal categories.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures
Mechanistic Model for Ultraviolet Degradation of Light Hydrocarbons in Waste Gas
Creators: name: Asili, Vahid
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Waste Gas
subject: Simulation
subject: Methane, Ethane, and Ethylene
subject: Chemical and Photochemical Reactions
subject: Optimum Reaction Network
subject: Simulation Runtime
subject: Removal Efficiency
subject: Sensitivity Analysis
subject: Hydrocarbon Mixture
subject: Reaction Products
subject: Flow Pattern
subject: CFD Simulation
subject: Engineering--Chemical
subject: Engineering--Environmental

description: A mechanistic simulation model was developed to describe ultraviolet waste gas treatment of the light hydrocarbons methane, ethane, and ethylene. The presented model can be used in both environmental and chemical engineering applications. Efforts were made to include all the possible chemical and photochemical reactions between air components and each hydrocarbon. The most comprehensive model consists of 199 reactions (165 chemical reactions, and 34 photochemical reactions) with 69 reactive species. Trials indicated that most of the computation time was spent on calculating reactions that have insignificant effects on the effluent concentration. Hence, model variants were developed that include only the most relevant chemical and photochemical reactions, without loss of accuracy, while maintaining the lowest possible run-time. NOx is included in one model version as well. This work may benefit Eulerian air quality models, where most of the computation time is spent resolving the complicated chemistry. Simulation results confirmed that removal efficiency (i.e., conversion) of ethylene is significantly higher than ethane, followed by methane, as expected. Sensitivity analysis of the models indicated that the water content, ozone premixing, and reactor cross-section are the main contributing factors affecting the removal efficiency, while changing the temperature and flow pattern do not influence the conversions by much. The proposed model is able to predict the reaction products of the photolysis process in the gas phase. The predicted effluent has a composition in general agreement with literature research. COMSOL simulations of the photoreactor showed that the assumptions made in the original model development were justified, since the simulated flow pattern was consistent with the fully-developed laminar assumption in the base model. Also, thermal analysis indicated a noticeable temperature gradient in the gas phase photoreactor, but removal efficiencies are not impacted meaningfully by the temperature rise. Hence it can be concluded that the gas phase UV photolysis is mostly photon-limited, kinetically- and diffusion-controlled. This research reverses the conventional wisdom of waste gas photolysis where it is believed that turbulent flow is essential, a thin gap between lamp and wall is preferred, sophisticated light field modeling is essential, and detailed chemical modeling is unnecessary.
Pattern Matching for Translating Domain-Specific Terms from Large Corpora
Creators: name: Fung, Pascale
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Computer science

description: Translating domain-specific terms is one significant component of machine translation and Machine-aided translation systems. These terms are often not found in standard dictionaries. Human translators, not being experts in every technical or regional domain, cannot produce their translations effectively. Automatic translation of domain-specific terms is therefore highly desirable. Most other work on automatic term translation uses statistical information of words from parallel corpora. Parallel corpora of clean- translated texts are hard to come by whereas there are more noisy- translated texts and many more monolingual texts in various domains. We propose using noisy parallel texts and same-domain texts of a pair of languages to translate terms. In our work, we propose using a novel paradigm of pattern matching of statistical signals of word features. These features are robust to the syntactic structure, character sets, language of the text, and to the domain. We obtain statistical information which is related to the lexical properties of a word and its translation in any other language of the same domain. These lexical properties are extracted from the corpora and represented in vector form. We propose using signal processing techniques for matching these features vectors of a word to those of its translation. Another matching technique we propose is applying discriminative analysis of the word features. For each word, the various features are combined into a single vector which is then transformed into a smaller dimension eigenvector for matching. Since most domain specific terms are nouns and noun phrases, we concentrate on translating English nouns and noun phrases into other languages. We study the relationship between English noun phrases and their translations in Chinese, Japanese and French in parallel corpora. The result of this study is used in our system for translation of English noun phrases into these other languages from noisy parallel and non-parallel corpora.
Finding a Better Way: Choosing and Explaining Alternative Plans
Creators: name: Wolz, Ursula
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: Computer science

description: Many users of interactive computing environments have been confronted with the dilemma: "I know there must be a better way to do what I'm doing, but 1 don't know what it is." This paper describes a solution to this problem and several related ones through an automated consultant called GENIE, a system that answers users' questions about how to accomplish tasks. Our approach is based on the principle that the best plan to tell a user is not always computationally optimal, but is the plan most suitable to what the user already knows in the current context. To find a best plan, GENIE explores a declarative representation of goals that explicitly encodes alternative plans for goals, and the semantic relationships between alternatives. Both an Expert and a User model are represented in this manner, which allows us to abandon stereotypes of user expertise and functional difficulty of the domain constructs. The criteria for each choice of sub-step of a plan is based on two sets of heuristics applied to the semantic relationships encoded between plans. The first set is dependent upon what the user is currently doing, the second on what the user has done in the past.
Influences of different sugar ligands on targeted delivery of liposomes
Creators: name: Zhang, Changmei
name: Chen, Zhong
name: Li, Wenhua
name: Liu, Xiaoying
name: Tang, Shukun
name: Jiang, Lei
name: Li, Minghui
name: Peng, Haisheng
name: Lian, Mingming
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Medicine
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Ligands are an important part of targeted drug delivery systems. Optimised lignads not only improve the target efficiency, but also enhance therapeutical effect of drugs. In our research, five sugar molecules (Mannose, Galactose, Glucose, Malt disaccharide, and Maltotriose) conjugated PEG600-DSPE were synthesised, of which polysaccharides were first discovered by us as sugar ligands to modify liposomes, which interacts with over expressive GLUT on cancer cells. DiO was encapsulated as fluorescent probe to evaluate their cellular uptake abilities of targeting C6 glioma cells, and the distribution in different visceral organs of rats. The results demonstrated that Malt disaccharide and Glucose-PEG600-DSPE had the strong efficiency of cellular uptake by C6 glioma cells. The distribution and accumulation of liposomes showed that different sugars modified liposomes could target different visceral organs in rats. It has provided a novel idea for ligand selectivity and optimisation of nanocarriers for tumour targeted therapy.
Stud reinforcement in dapped ends of concrete beams
Creators: name: Herzinger, Rainer
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2008

description: Bibliography: p. 269-274
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: The ends of precast girders often have a reduced depth over short lengths in the form of dapped ends. This simple shape allows for quick and cost-effective assembly of the structural elements on a construction site. Girders with dapped ends are normally used in parking structures, pedestrian bridges, and long-span bridges. Dapped ends also serve as popular detail for expansion joints in buildings and bridges. The design of dapped ends requires special consideration, because the shear and bending at the end of the beam must be carried by a much smaller section. In addition, the geometric discontinuity of a dapped end causes high stress concentrations, which often result in wide cracks at the re-entrant comer. Furthermore, the mechanism of load transfer through dapped ends is difficult to analyze using conventional design procedures. Dapped ends are typically reinforced with conventional stirrups and longitudinal reinforcing bars which require hooks and bends and even welded plates to ensure sufficient anchorage to the concrete. The present research investigates the efficiency of studs with single or double heads for reinforcing the dapped ends. Three stud reinforcement layouts are investigated. A comparison is made with the behaviour of conventionally reinforced dapped ends. Three analytical methods are employed in this investigation. Strut-and-tie models are used to develop different layouts of the reinforcement. The shear friction method is used to calculate the ultimate shear strength. A diagonal bending method is developed and used to determine the flexural capacity of dapped-end beams as it is affected by diagonal cracking within the shear span. The latter two methods give information on the location and inclination of the critical crack at shear or flexural failure and are used to examine the effectiveness of the stud reinforcement in enhancing the strength of beams with dapped ends. An experimental program is conducted on a series of dapped-end beams to corroborate the analytical study. The use of studs in dapped ends is shown to provide an efficient and reliable solution that prevents premature failure caused by inadequate anchorage of conventional reinforcement.
Informe Final: Instituto de Capacitación en Clima y Salud: Mercosur 2011
Creators: name: Mantilla Caicedo, Gilma Constanza
name: Vaughan, Catherine
name: Ohira, Marcella
name: Ciganda, Carmen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Public health
Climatic changes

description: Los mayores retos de los sistemas de salud pública hoy en día incluyen el envejecimiento de la población, la urbanización y el cambio climático. Según las evidencias del último informe del Panel Intergubernamental de las Naciones Unidas - máxima autoridad en el tema de cambio climático en el mundo- existen evidencias, usando diferentes escenarios climáticos, de cómo las variables climáticas (temperatura, precipitación, humedad, nubosidad) juegan un rol fundamental en el aumento de la mortalidad y la morbilidad (principalmente cardiovascular) debido a un aumento de la intensidad y duración de las olas de calor. Los efectos indirectos del cambio climático en las salud pueden incluir la propagación potencial de las enfermedades por ejemplo: malaria, salmonelosis, cólera y leishmaniasis. Los impactos del clima sobre la agricultura (por ejemplo, la malnutrición) y la pesca pueden influir también sobre la salud de forma indirecta, como puede ser la limitación del suministro de agua potable (por ejemplo, la salinización de las aguas subterráneas debido a la subida esperada del nivel del agua del mar). Además, los problemas de destrucción de la capa de ozono (por ejemplo, riesgo de cáncer de piel, inmunosupresión) y de la contaminación atmosférica (por ejemplo, trastornos alérgicos) están interrelacionados con el cambio climático como consecuencia de las numerosas interacciones que existen entre ellos. Un componente clave de la adaptación al cambio climático es la formación de una nueva generación de líderes a nivel regional y local para entender el papel que juega el clima en la carga de las enfermedades y así empezar a cuantificar el impacto del cambio y/o variabilidad climática en la salud pública . Esta creación de capacidad instalada en las diferentes regiones del globo contribuirá a fortalecer y mejorar las decisiones tomadas en el sector de la salud y se reflejará en la reducción de los impactos del cambio ambiental global. Como contribución a este proceso , el Instituto de Investigación Internacional para el Clima y la Sociedad (IRI, siglas en inglés ), el Instituto Interamericano para la Investigación del Cambio Global (IAI, siglas en inglés), el Ministerio de Salud Pública del Uruguay como secretaria técnica y Presidencia Protémpore de la Comisión Intergubernamental para la Salud Ambiental y del Trabajador de Mercosur (CISAT) y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) unieron esfuerzos para organizar el Primer Instituto de Capacitación en Clima y Salud (ICCS11) a nivel regional en la ciudad de Piriápolis, Uruguay del 7 al 18 de Noviembre, 2011.
Can we end the death penalty? The role of NGOs in the world-wide campaign
Creators: name: Allen, William Graham
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The death penalty that as recently as the end of the Second World War was prevalent and largely uncontested is now at a point where universal abolition appears to be achievable. The causes of the accelerating rate of abolition are examined, and the author critically assesses these causes to see if they would be sufficient to propel the abolitionist cause towards ultimate success. For this purpose, three case studies are presented diagnosing the capital punishment situation in three very different jurisdictions, the Philippines, Pakistan and the U.S.A. Interviews were conducted with knowledgeable persons and there was an extensive literature review. The author's findings are then related to the ongoing involvement of NGOs and, by studying previous successes such as the campaigns against slavery and torture, the question of how NGOs can be more effective in future is considered. This involves analysis of the international legal personality of NGOs and the manner in which norms of customary international law develop. From all of this research and analysis, the author concludes with a proposal to launch a new Campaign for the Universal Abolition of the Death Penalty on July 11, 2011. This would be a 30-year campaign, with measurable milestones at 5-year intervals, and comprehensive strategies to embrace the diverse situations involved.
Valued Redundancy
Creators: name: Pu, Calton
name: Leff, Avraham
name: Chen, Shu-Wie
name: Korz, Frederick
name: Wha, Jae M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: Computer science

description: Replicated objects increase distributed system performance and availability. An object is more valuable to the system if it contributes more to system performance (e.g. it is frequently accessed) and availability. Similarly, an object is less valuable if it is expensive to maintain (e.g. it is a large object). By replicating only the most valuable objects we use redundancy to maximize system performance and availability a t low cost. A simulation study of a distributed main-memory database shows substantial performance and availability gains with valued redundancy.
Additional file 1 of Accuracy and usability of a diagnostic decision support system in the diagnosis of three representative rheumatic diseases: a randomized controlled trial among medical students
Creators: name: Knitza, Johannes
name: Tascilar, Koray
name: Gruber, Eva
name: Kaletta, Hannah
name: Hagen, Melanie
name: Liphardt, Anna-Maria
name: Schenker, Hannah
name: Krusche, Martin
name: Wacker, Jochen
name: Kleyer, Arnd
name: Simon, David
name: Vuillerme, Nicolas
name: Schett, Georg
name: Hueber, Axel J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials-eHealth checklist.
Building a Reactive Immune System for Software Services
Creators: name: Sidiroglou, Stelios
name: Locasto, Michael E.
name: Boyd, Stephen W.
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Computer science

description: We propose a new approach for reacting to a wide variety of software failures, ranging from remotely exploitable vulnerabilities to more mundane bugs that cause abnormal program termination (e.g., illegal memory dereference). Our emphasis is in creating 'self-healing' software that can protect itself against a recurring fault until a more comprehensive fix is applied. Our system consists of a set of sensors that monitor applications for various types of failure and an instruction-level emulator that is invoked for selected parts of a program's code. Use of such an emulator allows us to predict recurrences of faults, and recover program execution to a safe control flow. Using the emulator for small pieces of code, as directed by the sensors, allows us to minimize the performance impact on the immunized application. We discuss the overall system architecture and a prototype implementation for the x86 platform. We evaluate the efficacy of our approach against a range of attacks and other software failures and investigate its performance impact on several server-type applications. We conclude that our system is effective in preventing the recurrence of a wide variety of software failures at a small performance cost.
On the Calogero-Moser solution by root-type Lax pair
Creators: name: Kluck, Timo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The `root type Lax pair' for the rational Calogero-Moser system for any simply-laced root system yields not a solution for the path q(t), but for the values of the inner products (α,q(t)), where α ranges over all roots of the root system. It does not, however, tell us which value of the inner product corresponds to which root. We show that the solution is indeed uniquely determined by these values (up to root system automorphisms) at almost all times. We show by counterexample that it is possible for two different values of q to yield the same set of values for the inner products (α,q). The indeterminacy introduced by the root system automorphisms gives rise to the question when the path crosses the boundary of the fundamental domains. We present an algebraic approach for constructing an indicator function containing this information.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Ferritinophagy was involved in long-term SiNPs exposure induced ferroptosis and liver fibrosis
Creators: name: Liang, Qingqing
name: Ma, Yuexiao
name: Wang, Fenghong
name: Sun, Mengqi
name: Lin, Lisen
name: Li, Tianyu
name: Duan, Junchao
name: Sun, Zhiwei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: SiNPs could induce liver fibrosisinvivo, but the mechanism was not completely clear. This study focused on exploring whether long-term SiNPs exposure at human-related exposure dosage could lead to ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis and liver fibrosis. In vivo, long-term SiNPs exposure induced liver fibrosis inrats accompanied by ferritinophagy and ferroptosis in hepatocytes. Interestingly, the progression of liver fibrosis was alleviated after exposure cessation and recovery, meanwhile ferritinophagy and ferroptosis were not further activated. In vitro, after long-term SiNPs exposure, the mitochondrial membrane ruptured, lipid peroxidation intensified, the level of redox active iron increased and the repair protein of lipid peroxidation were consumed in L-02 cells, demonstrating ferroptosis occurrence. Notably, NCOA4 knockdown inhibited ferritin degradation, alleviated the increase of intracellular ferrous iron level, reduced lipid peroxidation and the depletion of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). In conclusion, ferritinophagy mediated by NCOA4 was responsible for long-term SiNPs exposure induced hepatocytes ferroptosis and liver fibrosis, which provided a scientific basis for toxicological assessment of SiNPs and would be benefited for the safety design of SiNPs-based products.
Tall Buildings, High Expectations, Towering Responsibilities: Critically Considering Skyscrapers, Urbanism and Sustainability
Creators: name: Alotaibi, Fahad
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: The present thesis investigates the tall building phenomenon in the Gulf cities through the lens of the place-making, urban integration, and sustainability. The specific focus is on four cities (Riyadh, Dubai, Kuwait, and Doha) in the Gulf countries. The overarching aim of this work is to draw a big picture of the vertical development in the region. To this end, a qualitative methodology—specifically, the case study approach—is used. Specifically, to investigate the tall building typology in the region, we perform an in-depth analysis of 12 cases studies (three cases from each of the four cities under study). To complement this analysis, several other data sources are used, including interviews with three different groups of stakeholders, literature review, documents and secondary resources, and field visits. Based on these sources to which appropriate methodologies are applied, the present thesis proposes a conceptual framework and formulates design guidelines that will help to enhance future planning and design of tall building in the Gulf region. Taken together, the results reported therein demonstrate that the issues of placemaking, urban integration, and sustainability are crucial to meet the needs of tall building construction in the Gulf region.
Extending SDARTS: Extracting Metadata from Web Databases and Interfacing with the Open Archives Initiative
Creators: name: Ipeirotis, Panagiotis G.
name: Barry, Tom
name: Gravano, Luis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Computer science

description: SDARTS is a protocol and toolkit designed to facilitate metasearching. SDARTS combines two complementary existing protocols, SDLIP and STARTS, to define a uniform interface that collections should support for searching and exporting metasearch-related metadata. SDARTS also includes a toolkit with wrappers that are easily customized to make both local and remote document collections SDARTS-compliant. This paper describes two significant ways in which we have extended the SDARTS toolkit. First, we have added a tool that automatically builds rich content summaries for remote web collections by probing the collections with appropriate queries. These content summaries can then be used by a metasearcher to select over which collections to evaluate a given query. Second, we have enhanced the SDARTS toolkit so that all SDARTS-compliant collections export their metadata under the emerging Open Archives Initiative (OAI) protocol. Conversely, the SDARTS toolkit now also allows all OAI-compliant collections to be made SDARTS-compliant with minimal effort. As a result, we implemented a bridge between SDARTS and OAI, which will facilitate easy interoperability among a potentially large number of collections. The SDARTS toolkit, with all related documentation and source code, is publicly available at http://sdarts.cs.columbia.edu.
Decision support for release planning of software systems
Creators: name: Saliu, Moshood Omolade
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2007

description: Bibliography: p. 223-243
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: Large software systems sometimes evolve because of the need to extend their functionality with new or changed features. Release planning for such systems can be extremely challenging. There are both business and technical perspectives to this challenge. From a business perspective, new feature requests originate from stakeholders with diverse (and often conflicting) business interests and all want their needs to be met, in spite of resource, schedule and other project constraints. From a technical perspective, incorporating a new feature into an existing system, without breaking old features, can be a tough balancing act. It remains an open problem how to best make release planning decisions that address these two perspectives. In this dissertation, we investigate this problem and conduct a detailed analysis of these two perspectives. Then, we propose and validate a novel and rigorous decision support technique known as SoRPES (Software Release EJanning with Existing System-awareness). In SoRPES, we formulate release planning as a bi-objective optimization problem that takes advantage of the interrelatedness of features as the first of two optimization objectives. The second optimization objective aims to assign features to releases in a way that maximizes the priorities that stakeholders specify for the features. As part of SoRPES, we have developed, validated, and used EBEAM (Expert- Based Evaluation of Architectures for Modifiability), a framework for evaluating software architectural designs for modifiability, as a part of our metric suite for assessing the technical constraints of implementing features in the existing system. The key contributions of this research consist of the following 6 elements: 1) a decision-centric framework for release planning that addresses both business and technical concerns; 2) an expert judgment-based technique for evaluating modifiability of architectural designs; 3) a technique for quantifying the interrelatedness of features using impact analysis data; 4) a theoretical foundation for, and a novel formulation of, release planning as a multi-objective optimization problem; 5) a proof-of-concept implementation of SoRPES; and 6) empirical validation studies to assess the feasibility, relevance, scalability, and consistency of SoRPES. The results from the empirical validation studies conducted on real-world projects strongly suggest practitioners would find SoRPES useful as a tool to generate release plans that are often more optimal and more practical than prior techniques.
Additional file 2 of Accuracy and usability of a diagnostic decision support system in the diagnosis of three representative rheumatic diseases: a randomized controlled trial among medical students
Creators: name: Knitza, Johannes
name: Tascilar, Koray
name: Gruber, Eva
name: Kaletta, Hannah
name: Hagen, Melanie
name: Liphardt, Anna-Maria
name: Schenker, Hannah
name: Krusche, Martin
name: Wacker, Jochen
name: Kleyer, Arnd
name: Simon, David
name: Vuillerme, Nicolas
name: Schett, Georg
name: Hueber, Axel J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Exemplary DDSS summary report for a second case.
Solanum myrtifolium Lodd
Creators: name: Madrid, Anales del Jardín Botánico de
name: 2009
name: Knapp, Sandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Solanales
Solanaceae
Solanum
Solanum myrtifolium

description: Solanum myrtifolium Lodd., Bot. Cab. no. 1431. 1828 Type: Cultivated in London (lectotype, Loddiges, Bot. Cab. 25: t. 1431. 1828, designated by Knapp, 2008b: 414).
description: Published as part of Madrid, Anales del Jardín Botánico de, 2009 & Knapp, Sandra, 2009, Synopsis and lectotypification of Solanum (Solanaceae) species endemic in the West Indies, pp. 65-84 in Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 66 (1) on page 74, DOI: 10.3989/ajbm.2209, http://zenodo.org/record/6326308
description: {"references": ["Knapp, S. 2008 b. A revision of the Solanum havanense species group (section Geminata (G. Don) Walp. pro parte) and new taxonomic additions to the Geminata clade (Solanum: Solanaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 95 (3): 405 - 458."]}
Concurrent Execution of Mutually Exclusive Alternatives
Creators: name: Smith, Jonathan M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: Computer science

description: We examine the task of concurrently computing alternative solutions to a problem. We restrict our interest to the case where only one solution is needed: in this case we need some rule for selecting between the solutions. We use "fastest first," where the first successful alternative is selected. For problems where the required execution time is unpredictable this method can show substantial execution time performance increases. These increases are dependent on the mean execution time of the alternatives, the fastest execution time, the overhead involved in concurrent computation, and the overhead of selecting and deleting alternatives. Rather than using the traditional approach of multiple computers cooperating on the solution to a problem, this method achieves a solution competitively. Among the problems with exploring multiple alternatives in parallel are side-effects and combinatorial explosion in the amount of state which must be preserved. These are solved by process management and an application of "copy-on-write" virtual memory management. The side effects resulting from interprocess communication are handled by a specialized message layer which interacts with process management. We show how the scheme for parallel execution can be applied to several application areas. The applications are distributed execution of recovery blocks, OR-parallelism in Prolog, and polynomial root-finding.
Additional file 1 of Integrated modeling framework reveals co-regulation of transcription factors, miRNAs and lncRNAs on cardiac developmental dynamics
Creators: name: Li, Shumin
name: Yan, Bin
name: Wu, Binbin
name: Su, Junhao
name: Lu, Jianliang
name: Lam, Tak-Wah
name: Boheler, Kenneth R.
name: Poon, Ellen Ngar-Yun
name: Luo, Ruibang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary information of regulator-target data of TFs, miRNAs and lncRNAs and resources provided at CGRM.
title: Perivascular Macrophages in ischaemic endothelial function
Creators: name: Kelk, Joe
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2023

description: The word “stroke” is a universally understood concept that echoes throughout the world due to their regular occurrence, usually with dire consequences. To this date strokes remain the second leading cause of death worldwide and the single biggest cause of disability on our planet. Resulting in millions of deaths per year and debilitating side effects among survivors, who will require care possibly for the rest of their lives.

 A key group of cells known as brain resident myeloid cells have been investigated in ischaemic conditions designed to mirror the most common form of stroke, with this larger cell population demonstrating dramatic responses to ischaemia. A particular sub-population of brain resident myeloid cell known as the Perivascular Macrophage (PvM) exist at the border of the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) and have demonstrated ability to regulate endothelial permeability and the BBB as a whole. However, despite this PvMs have been largely unexplored and their responses in stroke remain largely unknown.

The aim of this project is to investigate how PvMs response in ischaemic conditions in both in vitro & in vivo models. Initial investigation will focus heavily on murine models of ischaemia at 24 hour, 48 hour and 4 day times points with (transient occlusion) or without (permanent occlusion) reperfusion. Using a combination of immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, areas such as PvM density within lesions PvM morphology will be investigated. Structure Illumination Microscopy (SIM) will then be used to investigate the functional impacts of these changes, examining primary lysosomal activity within PvMs demonstrating phagocytosis and a key response of macrophages undergoing an inflammatory response.

 Once this model and responses of PvMs has been established within a murine model, an emphasis will be placed on translational research, adapting these findings to a human condition. To replicate this human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) will be investigated to generate a macrophage cell type with similar characteristics to a tissue resident macrophage 3 similar to a PvM. This will involve creating and refining a custom differentiation protocol to produce the target cell type and confirming key tissue resident macrophage markers via immunofluorescence and qPCR.

 Once the target cell has been derived the functional characteristics investigated previously in murine models will be investigated to determine if the iPSC derived cells can undergo the same inflammatory process of phagocytosis using the same SIM method. To further utilise these cells, more complex models will then be created, using 3D techniques to give rise to human cellular models suitable for study.
Characterizing Star Forming Clumps in the Galaxy: A Comparison of JCMT and Herschel Observations
Creators: name: Tahani, Kianoosh
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physics & Astronomy, Star Formation, ISM, SFE
subject: Physics
subject: Astronomy and Astrophysics

description: We present the first comparison between the Herschel Infrared Galactic plane survey (Hi-GAL) at 500 µm and the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) Plane Survey (JPS) using SCUBA-2 at 450 µm. The JCMT data were taken as a part of a follow up project for the JPS - circular regions with a radius of ∼ 0.8◦ at ` = 10◦ & ` = 30◦ . Given the higher resolution of the JPS 450 µm observations we were able to determine the number of clumps identified in the Hi-GAL 500 µm data (PLW), that are actually composed of multiple, smaller clumps (i.e. the fragmentation). At ` = 10◦ , we find that 35% of the PLW clumps fragment into smaller pieces and at ` = 30◦ this multiplicity number is 23%. While there is no apparent correlation with the radius or mass of the PLW clumps, there are weak trends with flux and density. PLW clumps with densities greater than 104 cm−3 seem to always fragment into smaller clumps, and PLW clumps with integrated flux greater than 50 Jy, have a 50% chance of fragmenting (and all PLW clumps with an integrated flux of > 200 Jy fragment). Pixel-by-pixel and clump-by-clump comparisons between the PLW 500 µm and JPS 450 µm datasets reveal good agreement in the flux levels for compact bright regions suggesting that the JPS calibration at 450 µm is good. The amount of missing flux in the JPS 450 µm data at different spatial scales is investigated quantitatively via a power spectrum analysis and suggests that observations with SCUBA-2 are, in general, able to fully recover the flux for structures with sizes smaller than ∼ 1 arcmin. Moreover, we present the results of our SED fitting to the combined datasets by extracting the clumps from five Hi-GAL bands, two JPS bands, and counterpart data at ∼20 µm. We determine the current physical conditions (i.e. temperature, luminosity, mass, density, etc.) of the star forming clumps in these Galactic coordinates. Our work identifies that 30 of these clumps had a Class 0 characteristics and 52 of them are compatible with Class I or II stars. We investigate how SFE calculated for the monolithic Hi-GAL clumps changes when the multiplicity fraction is incorporated. The average SFE is observed to increase from 8% to 13% once the clump multiplicity was taken into account. Our simulations suggest that the low SFE in the most massive clumps is most likely due to the formation of massive stars. We then determine the SFE and investigate differences/similarities in these two galactic longitudes. The average SFE at ` = 10◦ is 16% while at ` = 30◦ the average SFE is 9%. We propose that the turbulence at ` = 30◦ is supporting this region against gravitational collapse, which potentially results in formation of more massive cores/stars and therefore lower SFE.
Automatic Detection of Metamorphic Properties of Software
Creators: name: Hasan, Sahar
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Computer science

description: The goal of this project is to demonstrate the feasibility of automatic detection of metamorphic properties of individual functions. Properties of interest here, as described in Murphy et al.'s SEKE 2008 paper "Properties of Machine Learning Applications for Use in Metamorphic Testing", include: 1. Permutation of the order of the input data 2. Addition of numerical values by a constant 3. Multiplication of numerical values by a constant 4. Reversal of the order of the input data 5. Removal of part of the data 6. Addition of data to the dataset While focusing on permutative, additive, and multiplicative properties in functions and applications, I have sought to identify common programming constructs and code fragments that strongly indicate that these properties will hold, or fail to hold, along an execution path in which the code is evaluated. I have constructed a syntax for expressions representing these common constructs and have also mapped a collection of these expressions to the metamorphic properties they uphold or invalidate. I have then developed a general framework to evaluate these properties for programs as a whole.
The Fermi scale as a focus point of high-scale gauge mediation
Creators: name: Brümmer, Felix
name: Buchmüller, Wilfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model with large scalar and gaugino mass terms at the GUT scale, which are generated predominantly by gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking. For certain ratios of GUT-scale masses, determined by the messenger indices, large radiative corrections lead to a small electroweak scale in a way which resembles the well-known focus point mechanism. The Fermi scale, the gravitino mass and the higgsino masses are of comparable size. For a Higgs mass of about 124 GeV all other superparticles have masses outside the reach of the LHC.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures; v2: references added, minor errors in numerics corrected, conclusions unchanged
Marvel Implementor's Guide
Creators: name: Sokolsky, Michael
name: Barghouti, Naser S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: Computer science

description: This document is an implementor's manual for the MARVEL software development environment. It discusses the technical details of the system, rather than providing a description of the system. It is intended for those people doing actual development work on MARVEL. References are provides throughout the manual for background information.
Additional file 3 of Accuracy and usability of a diagnostic decision support system in the diagnosis of three representative rheumatic diseases: a randomized controlled trial among medical students
Creators: name: Knitza, Johannes
name: Tascilar, Koray
name: Gruber, Eva
name: Kaletta, Hannah
name: Hagen, Melanie
name: Liphardt, Anna-Maria
name: Schenker, Hannah
name: Krusche, Martin
name: Wacker, Jochen
name: Kleyer, Arnd
name: Simon, David
name: Vuillerme, Nicolas
name: Schett, Georg
name: Hueber, Axel J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. Top diagnoses for all cases and study groups.
Funerary stone of L. Licinius Daphnus
Creators: name: Prag, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sicily
subject: epigraphy
subject: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300138808
subject: https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/462492

description: TEI EpiDoc record
Enlisting Workers in Monitoring Firms: Payroll Tax Compliance in Mexico
Creators: name: Kumler, Todd Johnson
name: Verhoogen, Eric A.
name: Frias, Judith
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Labor economics

description: Non-compliance of firms with tax regulations is a major constraint on state capacity in developing countries. We focus on an arguably under-appreciated dimension of non-compliance: under-reporting of wages by formal firms to evade payroll taxes. Comparing wage distributions for similar sets of workers in the administrative records of the Mexican social security agency and a household labor-force survey, we document extensive under-reporting of wages. We further argue that the 1997 Mexican pension reform had a differential effect by age on the incentives of workers to ensure that their wages were reported accurately. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, we present evidence that the increase in the incentive for workers to ensure accurate reports led to a significant decline in under-reporting. The results suggest that enlisting workers in monitoring their employers is an effective way to increase payroll tax compliance.
Solanum havanense Vell.
Creators: name: Madrid, Anales del Jardín Botánico de
name: 2009
name: Knapp, Sandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Solanales
Solanaceae
Solanum
Solanum havanense

description: Solanum havanense Vell., Fl. Flumin. 82. 1829; Icones 2, tab. 94. 1831 Type: Icon. Tab. 94, Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Pharmocopolis (lectotype, Vellozo, Fl. Flumin. Icones 2: t. 94. 1831, designated by Knapp, 2008b: 414).
description: Published as part of Madrid, Anales del Jardín Botánico de, 2009 & Knapp, Sandra, 2009, Synopsis and lectotypification of Solanum (Solanaceae) species endemic in the West Indies, pp. 65-84 in Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 66 (1) on page 74, DOI: 10.3989/ajbm.2209, http://zenodo.org/record/6326308
description: {"references": ["Knapp, S. 2008 b. A revision of the Solanum havanense species group (section Geminata (G. Don) Walp. pro parte) and new taxonomic additions to the Geminata clade (Solanum: Solanaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 95 (3): 405 - 458."]}
Supersymmetric ΔA_{CP}
Creators: name: Hiller, Gudrun
name: Hochberg, Yonit
name: Nir, Yosef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is experimental evidence for a direct CP asymmetry in singly Cabibbo suppressed D decays, ΔA_{CP} \sim 0.006. Naive expectations are that the Standard Model contribution to ΔA_{CP} is an order of magnitude smaller. We explore the possibility that a major part of the symmetry comes from supersymmetric contributions. The leading candidates are models where the flavor structure of the trilinear scalar couplings is related to the structure of the Yukawa couplings via approximate flavor symmetries, particularly U(1), [U(1)]^2 and U(2). The recent hints for a lightest neutral Higgs boson with mass around 125 GeV support the requisite order one trilinear terms. The typical value of the supersymmetric contribution to the asymmetry is ΔA_{CP}^{SUSY}\sim 0.001, but it could be accidentally enhanced by order one coefficients.
description: 6 pages. v2: References added
Paleodiet studies using stable carbon isotopes from apatite and collagen
Creators: name: Harrison, Roman Gastrell
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Human remains (Archaeology)
subject: Bones - Analysis
subject: Prehistoric peoples - Food
subject: Prehistoric peoples - North America
subject: Human skeleton - Radiography
subject: Carbon - Isotopes

description: Bibliography: p. 133-151.
Electronic circuit implementation of chaos synchronization
Creators: name: Ranjan, Ravi
name: Mishra, Shivshankar
name: Madhekar, Suneel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, an electronic circuit implementation of a robustly chaotic two-dimensional map is presented. Two such electronic circuits are realized. One of the circuits is configured as the driver and the other circuit is configured as the driven system. Synchronization of chaos between the driver and the driven system is demonstrated.
Additional file 4 of Accuracy and usability of a diagnostic decision support system in the diagnosis of three representative rheumatic diseases: a randomized controlled trial among medical students
Creators: name: Knitza, Johannes
name: Tascilar, Koray
name: Gruber, Eva
name: Kaletta, Hannah
name: Hagen, Melanie
name: Liphardt, Anna-Maria
name: Schenker, Hannah
name: Krusche, Martin
name: Wacker, Jochen
name: Kleyer, Arnd
name: Simon, David
name: Vuillerme, Nicolas
name: Schett, Georg
name: Hueber, Axel J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Figure S4. All symptoms entered first in the DDSS group and their association with a correct diagnosis.
Efficient dehydrogenation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines mediated by dialkyl azodicarboxylates
Creators: name: Bang, Saet Byeol
name: Kim, Jinho
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Various dialkyl azodicarboxylates were investigated for the dehydrogenation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines to quinolines. The dehydrogenation rates varied according to the electronic and steric nature of the used dialkyl azodicarboxylates. Among solvents screened with diethyl azodicarboxylate, chloroform exhibited superior results to others. A variety of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines underwent the present dehydrogenation to produce the corresponding quinolines. Diethyl hydrazodicarboxylate, which is a reduced species of diethyl azodicarboxylate, was easily separated for recycle.