cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evaluacion de alternativas de desacoplamiento total de ayudas COP: el caso de la agricultura de regadio en el valle del Guadalquivir
Creators: name: Arriaza Balmón, Manuel
name: Avilés, Pedro Ruiz
name: Gomez-Limon, Jose Antonio
name: Arriaza Balmón, Manuel
name: Avilés, Pedro Ruiz
name: Gomez-Limon, Jose Antonio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: CAP
subject: Multicriteria Decision Making
subject: Utility function
subject: Decoupled subsidy

description: RESUMEN El presente artículo compara la reforma de la PAC aprobada en junio de 2003 con un hipotético escenario de mayor liberalización en el que se permite la substitución de cultivos COP (cereales, oleaginosas y proteaginosas) por cultivos hortícolas y/o patatas. La simulación se lleva a cabo mediante el cálculo de una función de utilidad multiatributo para cada grupo homogéneo de agricultores: tres grupos en cada una de las tres comunidades de regantes. El método de cálculo de las funciones de utilidad no requiere ninguna interacción con el centro decisor. La validación de los modelos confirma la validez de esta metodología para la simulación de las decisiones de cultivo de estos productores. Los resultados sugieren que con el sistema alternativo propuesto, por un lado, es posible incrementar los ingresos de los agricultores manteniendo el mismo gasto presupuestario, y por otro, que son los pequeños productores los más beneficiados por esta medida. Palabras clave: PAC, Decisión multicriterio, Función de utilidad, Disociación de ayudas. SUMMARY In this paper we compare the current CAP Reform with a more market-orientated policy which allows the substitution of COP for vegetables (including potatoes). In order to reproduce farmers' decision-making process, we first group farmers by farm size into three categories and then elicit a general utility function for each group. The elicitation of the bi-attribute utility functions, based on observed crop land allocation, does not require interaction with the farmers. The validation of the model seems to justify the methodological approach. The results regarding the alternative scheme proposed suggest that, with the same EAGGF expenditure, small and medium-sized farms in this region would benefit from this alternative scheme in terms of higher expected total gross margin, flexibility and freedom of crop choice.
EHD ponderomotive forces and aerodynamic flow control using plasma actuators
Creators: name: Pinheiro, Mario J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a self-consistent two-dimensional fluid model of the temporal and spatial development of the One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma (OAUGDP$^{\circledR}$). Continuity equations for electrically charged species N$_2^+$, N$_4^+$, O$_2^+$, O$_2^-$ and electrons are solved coupled to the Poisson equation, subject to appropriate boundary conditions. It was used an algorithm proposed by Patankar$^{\cite{Patankar}}$. The transport parameters and rate coefficients for electrons at atmospheric pressure are obtained by solving the homogeneous Boltzmann equation for electrons under the hydrodynamic assumption. Operational variables are obtained as a function of time: electric current; surface charge accumulated on the dielectric surface; the memory voltage and the gas voltage controlling the discharge. It is also obtained the spatial distribution of the electric field, the populations of charges species, the resulting ponderomotive forces, and the gas speed.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, submitted to review
title: February 2015: A Month to Remember in New England for Record Cold
Creators: name: Bogel, Corey
name: Nouhan, Victor
Publisher: name: NOAA National Weather Service Eastern Region
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/02txa8h30
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2016

description: Eastern Region technical attachment (National Weather Service (U.S.)) ; 2016-02
description: February 2015 was one of the coldest months on record across the Northeast U.S., and in a number of locations was the all-time coldest month observed.  Some of the possible causes of this extreme cold air outbreak are shown to be ENSO, MJO, positive SST anomalies, and persistent cyclogenesis along the east coast of the U.S.  A review of the offical National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center’s temperature forecasts and Heidke skill scores for February along with two climate models that provided temperature forecast guildance for such an extreme event are examined.  Lastly, a comparison with previous extreme cold months since 1948 across the Northeast U.S. showed that 500 hPa geopotential height composite anomalies had different distributions; however, the 500 hPa geopotenital height composite means all had an upper level trough across the Northeast U.S.  This event review will hopefully provide forecasters with more confidence in predicting or assessing the potential for future extreme cold air outbreaks.
USING USDA FRESH FRUIT AND VEGETABLE ARRIVALS TO DETERMINE THE DISTRIBUTION OF A STATE'S PRODUCTION
Creators: name: Beilock, Richard P.
name: Portier, Kenneth M.
name: Beilock, Richard P.
name: Portier, Kenneth M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This paper examines the problem of transforming information on fresh fruit and vegetable Arrivals to U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas into a distribution of products to larger geographical regions. Three methods for the regional distribution of Florida-grown produce are compared. A new method, which takes into account regional population sizes in the allocation of an area's produce to the region, is shown to produce allocations similar to those obtained through trucker surveys. Finally, the new approach is applied to produce from other areas, and allocations to regions compared to that obtained using the Arrivals data only.
THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF ICE-MINUS BACTERIA AS A FROST PROTECTANT IN NEW YORK TREE FRUIT PRODUCTION
Creators: name: Love, John M.
name: Lesser, William H.
name: Love, John M.
name: Lesser, William H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Ice-nucleating bacteria, which are known to occur naturally on many crops and have been associated with frost damage, may be subject to control with genetically engineered bacteria, dubbed "ice-minus" bacteria. Ice-minus technology is designed to depress the critical temperature at which frost damage begins by displacing the natural population of ice-nucleating organisms. A trial product has been tested in the field with strawberries. Although tests with bacteriacidal compounds have suggested other mechanisms for controlling the critical temperature in deciduous fruit crops, ice-minus may prove to be effective. This analysis examines the possibility of ice-minus being adopted by New York tree-fruit growers and the likelihood of it causing a major economic impact on the state's fruit industry. Based on the climatology, phenology of fruit trees, and the record of actual frost damage in New York, the need for ice-minus is apparently not great enough to conclude that its adoption would cause a significant impact on New York fruit production.
Constraints on the dark energy equation of state from the imprint of baryons on the power spectrum of clusters
Creators: name: Angulo, R.
name: Baugh, C. M.
name: Frenk, C. S.
name: Bower, R. G.
name: Jenkins, A.
name: Morris, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Acoustic oscillations in the baryon-photon fluid leave a signature in the matter power spectrum. The overall shape of the spectrum and the wavelength of the oscillations depend upon the sound horizon scale at recombination. Using the $Λ$ cold dark matter Hubble Volume simulation, we show that the imprint of baryons is visible in the power spectrum of cluster-mass dark matter haloes, in spite of significant differences between the halo power spectrum and the prediction of linear perturbation theory. A measurement of the sound horizon scale can constrain the dark energy equation of state. We show that a survey of clusters at intermediate redshift ($ z\sim1 $), like the Sunyaev-Zeldovich survey proposed by the South Pole Telescope or a red sequence photometric survey with VISTA, could potentially constrain the sound horizon scale to an accuracy of $\sim 2%$, in turn fixing the ratio of the pressure of the dark energy to its density ($w$) to better than $\sim 10%$. Our approach does not require knowledge of the cluster mass, unlike those that depend upon the abundance of clusters.
description: accepted by MNRAS; colour versions of plots included
COOPERATIVE VERSUS INDIVIDUAL APPROACHES TO TREATMENT OF CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER BY RURAL RESIDENTS IN THE NORTHEAST
Creators: name: Klinko, Deborah K.
name: Abdalla, Charles W.
name: Klinko, Deborah K.
name: Abdalla, Charles W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Point-of-use/point-of-entry treatment can provide an affordable means for rural residents on private wells to remedy groundwater contamination. Cooperation among homeowners was hypothesized to be a means of further reducing treatment costs due to quantity discounts and avoidance of dealer mark-ups. Data obtained through a mail survey of water treatment firms was used to test this hypothesis. Individual and group purchase, installation and maintenance costs and manufacturer and dealer costs were compared using analysis of variance. Results indicate a cooperative treatment approach may provide benefits due to quantity discounts but little potential exists for savings via direct manufacturer purchase.
ATTITUDES AND HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS INFLUENCING SOLID WASTE GENERATION: A HOUSEHOLD GARBAGE ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Epp, Donald J.
name: Mauger, Paul C.
name: Epp, Donald J.
name: Mauger, Paul C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: A survey of household decision-makers and an analysis of their garbage was used to suggest factors affecting the weight of household contributions to municipal solid waste. Iterative regression was used to build a model from the data that is hypothesized to explain garbage weight. Food expenditure, environmental attitude, consumption of soft drinks in plastic bottles, and cats in the household were significant for all households. Self-sufficiency and energy-conscious behavioral scales also affected the subgroup with female householders having an educational level of high school graduation or less.
A COMPUTABLE ECONOMIC THRESHOLD MODEL FOR WEEDS IN FIELD CROPS WITH MULTIPLE PESTS, QUALITY EFFECTS, AND AN UNCERTAIN SPRAYING PERIOD LENGTH
Creators: name: Marra, Michele C.
name: Gould, Thomas D.
name: Porter, Gregory A.
name: Marra, Michele C.
name: Gould, Thomas D.
name: Porter, Gregory A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: A model is developed to determine the minimum weed population where a decision to apply a postmergence herbicide would be profitable. The economic threshold model accounts for changing economic conditions, the effect of weeds on crop quality, the effect of multiple weed species on yield and quality, and uncertainty about spraying period length. The model is uncomplicated enough for microcomputer or programmable calculator applications. An example of weed threshold calculations for round white potatoes is given.
QM7-X: A comprehensive dataset of quantum-mechanical properties spanning the chemical space of small organic molecules
Creators: name: Hoja, Johannes
name: Sandonas, Leonardo Medrano
name: Ernst, Brian G.
name: Vazquez-Mayagoitia, Alvaro
name: DiStasio, Robert A.
name: Tkatchenko, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce QM7-X, a comprehensive dataset of 42 physicochemical properties for $\approx$ 4.2 M equilibrium and non-equilibrium structures of small organic molecules with up to seven non-hydrogen (C, N, O, S, Cl) atoms. To span this fundamentally important region of chemical compound space (CCS), QM7-X includes an exhaustive sampling of (meta-)stable equilibrium structures - comprised of constitutional/structural isomers and stereoisomers, e.g., enantiomers and diastereomers (including cis-/trans- and conformational isomers) - as well as 100 non-equilibrium structural variations thereof to reach a total of $\approx$ 4.2 M molecular structures. Computed at the tightly converged quantum-mechanical PBE0+MBD level of theory, QM7-X contains global (molecular) and local (atom-in-a-molecule) properties ranging from ground state quantities (such as atomization energies and dipole moments) to response quantities (such as polarizability tensors and dispersion coefficients). By providing a systematic, extensive, and tightly-converged dataset of quantum-mechanically computed physicochemical properties, we expect that QM7-X will play a critical role in the development of next-generation machine-learning based models for exploring greater swaths of CCS and performing in silico design of molecules with targeted properties.
REDUCING NUTRIENT APPLICATION RATES FOR WATER QUALITY PROTECTION IN INTENSIVE LIVESTOCK AREAS: POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF ALTERNATIVE PRODUCER BEHAVIOR
Creators: name: McSweeny, William T.
name: Shortle, James S.
name: McSweeny, William T.
name: Shortle, James S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Livestock Production/Industries

description: High rates of commercial fertilizer and animal manure application on cropland have been identified as an important cause of ground and surface water degradation in many areas of the country. Suggested remedies are often based on the idea that fertilization levels are economically irrational for the individual farmer. The received wisdom is that farmers could simultaneously improve their own economic well being and reduce the degradation of the ground and surface waters by fertilizing only to meet crop nutrient needs. Rather than assuming that farmers act irrationally, this study examines the fertilization problem on a mixed crop-livestock farm from the perspective of a risk-averse farmer coping with two key uncertainties: crop yield response to nitrogen applications and the nitrogen content of manure. The effects of fertilization decisions by such a farmer of various policy prescriptions for reducing surface and ground water pollution are examined. The results underscore the importance of understand producer behavior for the design of economically sound policy.
Additional file 2 of A comparative study on normal and obese mice indicates that the secretome of mesenchymal stromal cells is influenced by tissue environment and physiopathological conditions
Creators: name: Serife Ayaz-Guner
name: Alessio, Nicola
name: Acar, Mustafa B.
name: Aprile, Domenico
name: Özcan, Servet
name: Bernardo, Giovanni Di
name: Peluso, Gianfranco
name: Galderisi, Umberto
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1 Flow cytometry analysis and differentiation of MSCs. Panel A: BM-MSCs, vWAT-MSCs, and sWAT-MSCs were trypsinized; washed with PBS; and incubated with either anti-CD105 FITC (sc-18,893 FITC), anti-CD90 PE (SC-1914 PE), or anti-CD73 PE (sc-398,260). The antibodies were used according to the manufacturer’s procedures (Santa Cruz Biotechnology CA, USA). After 30 min of incubation with the antibodies at room temperature, cells were washed with PBS and resuspended in FACS buffer on a Guava EasyCyte flow cytometer for data acquisition (Merck Millipore MA, USA). We performed data analysis with a standard procedure using EasyCyte software. A minimum of 5000 cells per sample were analyzed and gated for forward scatter (FSC) versus side scatter (SSC) channel signals. In each panel, the histograms show positive cells from obese (blue) and normal (green) mice. ND = Normal Diet-treated mice; HFD = High Fat Diet-treated mice. In red are the negative controls. Panel B: Adipocyte, osteocyte, and chondrocyte differentiation of MSCs obtained from obese and normal mice. The figure shows representative images of Oil Red O (adipocytes), Alizarin Red S (osteocytes), and Alcian blue (chondrocytes) staining for every experimental condition. The method for differentiation is described below. Adipogenic differentiation. MSCs were treated for 15 days in a mesenchymal stem cell adipogenic differentiation medium (PT-3004-KT; Lonza, Walkersville, MD, USA). The medium contained insulin (recombinant), dexamethasone, indomethacin, and 3-isobuty-l-methyl-xanthine (IBMX). Lipid droplets were revealed by staining with Oil Red O. Osteogenic differentiation. MSCs were treated for 15 days in a mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation medium (PT-3002-KT; Lonza). The medium contained dexamethasone, ascorbate, and glycerophosphate. Staining with Alizarin Red S revealed calcium deposits in differentiated osteocytes. Chondrogenic differentiation. MSCs were seeded as pellets in 96 round-bottom multi-wells and cultured in a chondrogenic medium composed of DMEM, 1% FBS, 50 nM ascorbate-2-phosphate (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 0.1 mM dexamethasone (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA), and 10 ng/mL human transforming growth factor (hTGF)-β1 (PeproTech, London, UK). After 21 days, Alcian blue staining was performed.
NONROBUSTNESS OF DYNAMIC DUAL MODELS OF THE U.S. DAIRY INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Howard, Wayne H.
name: Shumway, C. Richard
name: Howard, Wayne H.
name: Shumway, C. Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: The robustness of dynamic dual model results across functional forms is examined for the U.S. dairy industry. Modified generalized Leontief (GL) and normalized quadratic (NQ) functional forms are compared by examining their consistency with properties of the competitive firm, estimated rates of adjustment for cows and labor, tests of technological change, and elasticities. Homogeneity and symmetry are maintained in both models. Convexity is not rejected by the GL and is not seriously violated by the NQ. Absence of technological change is rejected by both models, but quality indexes on labor and cows fully embody technological change occurring within labor and cows in the NQ but not in the GL. Policy-relevant elasticities differ greatly between the functional forms. Dynamic dual models are found to be non-robust in important ways to choice of function form.
Branch Groups
Creators: name: Bartholdi, Laurent
name: Grigorchuk, Rostislav I.
name: Sunik, Zoran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E08; 20F50, 20F65

description: This is a long introduction to the theory of "branch groups": groups acting on rooted trees which exhibit some self-similarity features in their lattice of subgroups.
Neumann-like integrable models
Creators: name: Valent, Galliano
name: Yahia, Hamed Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A countable class of integrable dynamical systems, with four dimensional phase space and conserved quantities in involution (H\_n,I\_n) are exhibited. For $n=1$ we recover Neumann sytem on T*S^2. All these systems are also integrable at the quantum level.
description: 8 pages; latex2e;no figure. To appear in Physics Letters A
2dFGRS and SDSS Galaxy Group Density Profiles
Creators: name: Diaz, Eugenia
name: Zandivarez, Ariel
name: Merchan, Manuel
name: Muriel, Hernan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analysed the distribution of galaxies in groups identified in the largest redshift surveys at the present: the final release of the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey and the first release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Our work comprises the study of the galaxy density profiles and the fraction of galaxies per spectral type as a function of the group-centric distance. We have calculated the projected galaxy density profiles of galaxy groups using composite samples in order to increase the statistical significance of the results. Special cares have been taken in order to avoid possible biases in the group identification and the construction of the projected galaxy density profile estimator. The results show that the projected galaxy density profiles obtained for both redshift surveys are in agreement with a projected Navarro, Frenk & White predictions in the range $0.15< r/r_{200} < 1$, whereas a good fit for the measured profiles in the whole range of $r/r_{200}$ is given by a projected King profile. We have adopted a generalized King profile to fit the measured projected density profiles per spectral type. In order to infer the 3-D galaxy density profiles, we deproject the 2-D density profiles using a deprojection method similar to the developed by Allen & Fabian. From 2-D and 3-D galaxy density profiles we have estimated the corresponding galaxy fractions per spectral type. The 2-D fraction of galaxies computed using the projected profiles show a similar segregation of galaxy spectral types as the obtained by Dom\'ınguez et al. for groups in the early data release of the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey. As expected, the trends obtained for the 3-D galaxy fractions show steeper slopes than the observed in the 2-D fractions.
description: Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal. 34 pages,12 figures
Running couplings for the simultaneous decoupling of heavy quarks
Creators: name: Bass, Steven D.
name: Crewther, R. J.
name: Steffens, F. M.
name: Thomas, A. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scale-invariant running couplings are constructed for several quarks being decoupled together, without reference to intermediate thresholds. Large-momentum scales can also be included. The result is a multi-scale generalization of the renormalization group applicable to any order. Inconsistencies in the usual decoupling procedure with a single running coupling can then be avoided, e.g. when cancelling anomalous corrections from t,b quarks to the axial charge of the proton.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure, version to appear in PLB. Pages 8-11 and Fig. 1 are new, with consequent changes to the abstract, page 2, and the references. We show that our multi-scale renormalization group is needed to achieve anomaly cancellation in t,b decoupling from the weak neutral current, and extend it to include large momenta
Quantum state swapping via qubit network with Hubbard interaction
Creators: name: Yang, S.
name: Song, Z.
name: Sun, C. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum state transfer (QST) in a class of qubit network with on-site interaction, which is described by the generalized Hubbard model with engineered couplings. It is proved that the system of two electrons with opposite spins in this quantum network of $N$ sites can be rigorously reduced into $N$ one dimensional engineered single Bloch electron models with central potential barrier. With this observation we find that such system can perform a perfect QST, the quantum swapping between two distant electrons with opposite spins. Numerical results show such QST and the resonant-tunnelling for the optimal on-site interaction strengths.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Clustering and Synchronization of Oscillator Networks
Creators: name: McGraw, Patrick N.
name: Menzinger, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a recently described technique for manipulating the clustering coefficient of a network without changing its degree distribution, we examine the effect of clustering on the synchronization of phase oscillators on networks with Poisson and scale-free degree distributions. For both types of network, increased clustering hinders global synchronization as the network splits into dynamical clusters that oscillate at different frequencies. Surprisingly, in scale-free networks, clustering promotes the synchronization of the most connected nodes (hubs) even though it inhibits global synchronization. As a result, scale-free networks show an additional, advanced transition instead of a single synchronization threshold. This cluster-enhanced synchronization of hubs may be relevant to the brain with its scale-free and highly clustered structure.
description: Submitted to Phys. Rev. E
Hydrogen portal to exotic radioactivity
Creators: name: McKeen, David
name: Pospelov, Maxim
name: Raj, Nirmal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that in a special class of dark sector models, the hydrogen atom can serve as a portal to new physics, through its decay occurring in abundant populations in the Sun and on Earth. The large fluxes of hydrogen decay daughter states can be detected via their decay or scattering. By constructing two models for either detection channel, we show that the recently reported excess in electron recoils at XENON1T could be explained by such signals in large regions of parameter space unconstrained by proton and hydrogen decay limits.
description: 4 pages + refs, 3 figures
Additional file 7 of In-hospital mortality and failure to rescue following hepatobiliary surgery in Germany - a nationwide analysis
Creators: name: Krautz, Christian
name: Gall, Christine
name: Gefeller, Olaf
name: Nimptsch, Ulrike
name: Mansky, Thomas
name: Brunner, Maximilian
name: Weber, Georg F.
name: Grützmann, Robert
name: Kersting, Stephan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 7: Supplemental file 7. Annual Distribution of Patients and Hospitals Across Hospital Volume Categories.
Quantum Statistical Physics - A New Approach
Creators: name: Edgal, U. F.
name: Huber, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The new scheme employed (throughout the thermodynamic phase space), in the statistical thermodynamic investigation of classical systems, is extended to quantum systems. Quantum Nearest Neighbor Probability Density Functions are formulated (in a manner analogous to the classical case) to provide a new quantum approach for describing structure at the microscopic level, as well as characterize the thermodynamic properties of material systems. A major point of this paper is that it relates the free energy of an assembly of interacting particles to Quantum Nearest Neighbor Probability Density Functions. Also. the methods of this paper reduces to a great extent, the degree of difficulty of the original equilibrium quantum statistical thermodynamic problem without compromising the accuracy of results. Application to the simple case of dilute, weakly degenerate gases has been outlined.
description: Submitted for publication in Physica A journal
Elasticity of tangled magnetic fields
Creators: name: Hosking, D. N.
name: Schekochihin, A. A.
name: Balbus, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fundamental difference between incompressible ideal magnetohydrodynamics and the dynamics of a non-conducting fluid is that magnetic fields exert a tension force that opposes their bending; magnetic fields behave like elastic strings threading the fluid. It is natural, therefore, to expect that a magnetic field tangled at small length scales should resist a large-scale shear in an elastic way, much as a ball of tangled elastic strings responds elastically to an impulse. Furthermore, a tangled field should support the propagation of `magnetoelastic waves', the isotropic analogue of Alfvén waves on a straight magnetic field. Here, we study magnetoelasticity in the idealised context of an equilibrium tangled field configuration. In contrast to previous treatments, we explicitly account for intermittency of the Maxwell stress, and show that this intermittency necessarily decreases the frequency of magnetoelastic waves in a stable field configuration. We develop a mean-field formalism to describe magnetoelastic behaviour, retaining leading-order corrections due to the coupling of large- and small-scale motions, and solve the initial-value problem for viscous fluids subjected to a large-scale shear, showing that the development of small-scale motions results in anomalous viscous damping of large-scale waves. Finally, we test these analytic predictions using numerical simulations of standing waves on tangled, linear force-free magnetic-field equilibria.
description: 26 pages, 6 figures
The QUICK Scheme is a Third-Order Finite-Volume Scheme with Point-Valued Numerical Solutions
Creators: name: Nishikawa, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we resolve the ever-present confusion over the QUICK scheme: it is a second-order scheme or a third-order scheme. The QUICK scheme, as proposed in the original reference [B. P. Leonard, Comput. Methods. Appl. Mech. Eng., 19, (1979), 59-98], is a third-order (not second-order) finite-volume scheme for the integral form of a general nonlinear conservation law with point-valued solutions stored at cell centers as numerical solutions. Third-order accuracy is proved by a careful and detailed truncation error analysis and demonstrated by a series of thorough numerical tests. The QUICK scheme requires a careful spatial discretization of a time derivative to preserve third-order accuracy for unsteady problems. Two techniques are discussed, including the QUICKEST scheme of Leonard. Discussions are given on how the QUICK scheme is mistakenly found to be second-order accurate. This paper is intended to serve as a reference to clarify any confusion about third-order accuracy of the QUICK scheme and also as the basis for clarifying third-order unstructured-grid schemes as we will discuss in a subsequent paper.
The gas, metal and dust evolution in low-metallicity local and high-redshift galaxies
Creators: name: Nanni, Ambra
name: Burgarella, Denis
name: Theulé, Patrice
name: Côté, Benoit
name: Hirashita, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chemical enrichment in the interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies is regulated by several physical processes: stellar evolution, grain formation and destruction, galactic inflows and outflows. Understanding such processes is essential to follow the chemical enrichment of galaxies through the cosmic epochs, and to interpret the observations. Despite the importance of such topics, the efficiency of the different processes driving the evolution of baryons in galaxies, remain controversial. We revise the current description of metal and dust evolution in local low-metallicity dwarf galaxies and we develop a description for Lyman Break Galaxies. Our main goal is to reproduce i) the peak in the mass of dust over the mass of stars (sMdust) observed within few hundred Myrs; ii) the decrease of the sMdust at later time. The spectral energy distribution of the galaxies is fitted with the "Code Investigating GALaxies Emission" (CIGALE), through which the stellar and dust masses, and the star formation rate are estimated. For some of the dwarf galaxies, the metal and gas content are also available. We run different calculations of chemical evolution in galaxies, and we fit the observed properties through the model predictions. We show that i) a top-heavy initial mass function that favours massive stars and a dust condensation fraction for Type II Supernovae (SNe II) of 50% or more help to reproduce the peak of sMdust observed after 100 Myrs since the beginning of the cycle; ii) galactic outflows play a crucial role in reproducing the decline in sMdust with age, and they are more efficient than grain destruction from SNe II; iii) a star formation efficiency (mass of gas converted into stars) of few per cent is required to explain the metallicity of local dwarf galaxies; iv) dust growth in the ISM is not necessary to reproduce the sMdust and, if present, its effect is erased by galactic outflows.
description: 28 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Additional file 8 of In-hospital mortality and failure to rescue following hepatobiliary surgery in Germany - a nationwide analysis
Creators: name: Krautz, Christian
name: Gall, Christine
name: Gefeller, Olaf
name: Nimptsch, Ulrike
name: Mansky, Thomas
name: Brunner, Maximilian
name: Weber, Georg F.
name: Grützmann, Robert
name: Kersting, Stephan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 8: Supplemental file 8. In-hospital Mortality According to Type of Hepatobiliary Resection and Hospital Volume Categories.
Pooling Regularized Graph Neural Network for fMRI Biomarker Analysis
Creators: name: Li, Xiaoxiao
name: Zhou, Yuan
name: Dvornek, Nicha C.
name: Zhang, Muhan
name: Zhuang, Juntang
name: Ventola, Pamela
name: Duncan, James S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Understanding how certain brain regions relate to a specific neurological disorder has been an important area of neuroimaging research. A promising approach to identify the salient regions is using Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), which can be used to analyze graph structured data, e.g. brain networks constructed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We propose an interpretable GNN framework with a novel salient region selection mechanism to determine neurological brain biomarkers associated with disorders. Specifically, we design novel regularized pooling layers that highlight salient regions of interests (ROIs) so that we can infer which ROIs are important to identify a certain disease based on the node pooling scores calculated by the pooling layers. Our proposed framework, Pooling Regularized-GNN (PR-GNN), encourages reasonable ROI-selection and provides flexibility to preserve either individual- or group-level patterns. We apply the PR-GNN framework on a Biopoint Autism Spectral Disorder (ASD) fMRI dataset. We investigate different choices of the hyperparameters and show that PR-GNN outperforms baseline methods in terms of classification accuracy. The salient ROI detection results show high correspondence with the previous neuroimaging-derived biomarkers for ASD.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
CMacIonize 2.0: a novel task-based approach to Monte Carlo radiation transfer
Creators: name: Vandenbroucke, Bert
name: Camps, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Context) Monte Carlo radiative transfer (MCRT) is a widely used technique to model the interaction between radiation and a medium, and plays an important role in astrophysical modelling and when comparing those models with observations. (Aims) In this work, we present a novel approach to MCRT that addresses the challenging memory access patterns of traditional MCRT algorithms, which hinder optimal performance of MCRT simulations on modern hardware with a complex memory architecture. (Methods) We reformulate the MCRT photon packet life cycle as a task-based algorithm, whereby the computation is broken down into small tasks that are executed concurrently. Photon packets are stored in intermediate buffers, and tasks propagate photon packets through small parts of the computational domain, moving them from one buffer to another in the process. (Results) Using the implementation of the new algorithm in the photoionization MCRT code CMacIonize 2.0, we show that the decomposition of the MCRT grid into small parts leads to a significant performance gain during the photon packet propagation phase, which constitutes the bulk of an MCRT algorithm, as a result of better usage of memory caches. Our new algorithm is a factor 2 to 4 faster than an equivalent traditional algorithm and shows good strong scaling up to 30 threads. We briefly discuss how our new algorithm could be adjusted or extended to other astrophysical MCRT applications. (Conclusions) We show that optimising the memory access patterns of a memory-bound algorithm such as MCRT can yield significant performance gains.
description: 18 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. The source code of CMacIonize is publicly available from https://github.com/bwvdnbro/CMacIonize
On the third critical field in Ginzburg-Landau theory
Creators: name: Fournais, S.
name: Helffer, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35P30, 82D55

description: Using recent results by the authors on the spectral asymptotics of the Neumann Laplacian with magnetic field, we give precise estimates on the critical field, $H_{C_3}$, describing the appearance of superconductivity in superconductors of type II. Furthermore, we prove that the local and global definitions of this field coincide. Near $H_{C_3}$ only a small part, near the boundary points where the curvature is maximal, of the sample carries superconductivity. We give precise estimates on the size of this zone and decay estimates in both the normal (to the boundary) and parallel variables.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY: THE OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT OF A BIOLOGICAL POPULATION
Creators: name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
name: Holt, Matthew T.
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
name: Holt, Matthew T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Assuming a competitive market, conditions are determined for when a steady-state equilibrium does not exist in the optimal dynamic management of a biological population. Irregular and unpredictable behavior (called "chaos") can arise from fully rational economic decision making. High interest rate, adjustment costs, and an inelastic demand can contribute to market instability.
Probing the intrinsic Josephson potential in Bi-2212 by thermal activation
Creators: name: Krasnov, V. M.
name: Bauch, T.
name: Delsing, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study thermal fluctuation phenomena in small Bi-2212 intrinsic Josephson junctions. Being able to measure switching currents of a {\it single} intrinsic junction, we observe that it's statistics can be very well described by thermal activation from a periodic Josephson potential with the sinusoidal current-phase relation. This is a direct evidence for the dc-intrinsic Josephson effect and the first unambiguous confirmation of the tunnelling nature of interlayer transport in strongly anisotropic high temperature superconductors. Furthermore, the fluctuation-free critical current, extracted from the analysis of switching current statistics, exhibits a temperature dependence typical for superconductor- insulator- superconductor tunnel junctions.
description: 5 pages, 4 figs
Spacetime in Semiclassical Gravity
Creators: name: Ford, L. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article will summarize selected aspects of the semiclassical theory of gravity, which involves a classical gravitational field coupled to quantum matter fields. Among the issues which will be discussed are the role of quantum effects in black hole physics and in cosmology, the effects of quantum violations of the classical energy conditions, and inequalities which constrain the extent of such violations. We will also examine the first steps beyond semiclassical gravity, when the effects of spacetime geometry fluctuations start to appear.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure. Espository article to appear in the volume "100 Years of Relativity - Space-time Structure: Einstein and Beyond", A. Ashtekar, ed., to be published by World Scientific. Two references and a few comments added
Neutrino Bremsstrahlung Process in highly degenerate magnetized electron gas
Creators: name: Bhattacharyya, Indranath
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article the neutrino bremsstrahlung process is considered in presence of strong magnetic field, though the calculations for this process in absence of magnetic field are also carried out simultaneously. The electrons involved in this process are supposed to be highly degenerate and relativistic. The scattering cross sections and energy loss rates for both cases, in presence and absence of magnetic field, are calculated in the extreme-relativistic limit. Two results are compared in the range of temperature $5.9\times 10^{9}$ K $< T\leq 10^{11}$ K and magnetic field $10^{14} - 10^{16}$ G at a fixed density $\sim 10^{15}$ $gm/cc$, a typical environment during the cooling of magnetized neutron star. The interpretation of our result is briefly discussed and the importance of this process during the stellar evolution is speculated.
description: 12 pages including 2 figures and 1 table
A universal reflexive space for the class of uniformly convex Banach spaces
Creators: name: Odell, E.
name: Schlumprecht, Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46B03; secondary 46B20

description: We show that there exists a separable reflexive Banach space into which every separable uniformly convex Banach space isomorphically embeds. This solves a problem of J. Bourgain. We also give intrinsic characterizations of separable reflexive Banach spaces which embed into a reflexive space with a block $q$-Hilbertian and/or a block $p$-Besselian finite dimensional decomposition.
description: v.2 (3 January 2007) 13 pages, amslatex
A new method for driven-dissipative problems: Keldysh-Heisenberg equations
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuanwei
name: Chen, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Driven-dissipative systems have recently attracted great attention due to the existence of novel physical phenomena with no analog in the equilibrium case. The Keldysh path-integral theory is a powerful tool to investigate these systems. However, it has still been challenge to study strong nonlinear effects implemented by recent experiments, since in this case the photon number is few and quantum fluctuations play a crucial role in dynamics of system. Here we develop a new approach for deriving exact steady states of driven-dissipative systems by introducing the Keldysh partition function in the Fock-state basis and then mapping the standard saddle-point equations into KeldyshHeisenberg equations. We take the strong Kerr nonlinear resonators with/without the nonlinear driving as two examples to illustrate our method. It is found that in the absence of the nonlinear driving, the exact steady state obtained does not exhibit bistability and agree well with the complex P-representation solution. While in the presence of the nonlinear driving, the multiphoton resonance effects are revealed and are consistent with the qualitative analysis. Our method provides an intuitive way to explore a variety of driven-dissipative systems especially with strong correlations.
Comment on ``Sodium Pyroxene NaTiSi$_2$O$_6$: Possible Haldane Spin-1 Chain System''
Creators: name: Streltsov, S. V.
name: Popova, O. A.
name: Khomskii, D. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic and electronic properties of NaTiSi$_2$O$_6$ in low temperature phase were studied in the framework of the LDA+U approximation. We stress that neglecting correlation effects in LSDA calculations one obtains not only several times smaller value of the band gap, but also fails to describe magnetic properties of NaTiSi$_2$O$_6$. Our LDA+U results confirm formation of singlet Ti-Ti dimers in low temperature phase of NaTiSi$_2$O$_6$ driven by corresponding orbital ordering [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 71, 1423 (2002)], but strongly disagree with the LSDA results and interpretations of Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 036401 (2004).
description: 1 table. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. as a Comment
Additional file 6 of In-hospital mortality and failure to rescue following hepatobiliary surgery in Germany - a nationwide analysis
Creators: name: Krautz, Christian
name: Gall, Christine
name: Gefeller, Olaf
name: Nimptsch, Ulrike
name: Mansky, Thomas
name: Brunner, Maximilian
name: Weber, Georg F.
name: Grützmann, Robert
name: Kersting, Stephan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6: Supplemental file 6. Incidence and Death of Patients with Complications or Interventions Required for Complications According to Hospital Volume Categories.
MARKET CONDUCT UNDER GOVERNMENT PRICE INTERVENTION IN THE U.S. DAIRY INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Liu, Donald J.
name: Sun, Chin-Hwa
name: Kaiser, Harry M.
name: Liu, Donald J.
name: Sun, Chin-Hwa
name: Kaiser, Harry M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The degree of market power exercised by fluid and manufactured processors in the U.S. dairy industry is estimated. Appelbaum's quantity-setting conjectural variation approach is cast into a switching regime framework to account for the two market regimes created by the existence of the dairy price support program: (a) government supported regime (market price is at the support price) and (b) market equilibrium regime (market price is above the support price). The model is also used to test whether government price intervention has a pro-competitive to anti-competitive influence on market conduct.