cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tretodictyum reiswigi Boury-Esnault, Vacelet, Dubois, Goujard, Fourt, Pérez & Chevaldonné, 2017, n. sp.
Creators: name: Boury-Esnault, Nicole
name: Vacelet, Jean
name: Dubois, Maude
name: Goujard, Adrien
name: Fourt, Maïa
name: Pérez, Thierry
name: Chevaldonné, Pierre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Hexactinellida
Hexactinosida
Tretodictyidae
Tretodictyum
Tretodictyum reiswigi

description: Tretodictyum reiswigi n. sp. Boury-Esnault, Vacelet & Chevaldonné
Type-specimen. Sample VAL2-ACH-P15-ECH02. MNHN-HJV-04,
Type-locality. Valinco Canyon (Western Mediterranean) 41.662N / 8.795E, 397 m, 31/07/2014.
Other material (available in SME collection): Sample CS-ACH-P03- ECH 06 b, a small fragment encrusting a brachiopod shell, Cassidaigne canyon (W Mediterranean) 43.047N / 5.397E, 370 m, 28/10/2009. Sample VAL- ACH-P12- ECH 01, small fragments, Valinco Canyon, Corsica, 41.663N / 8.795E, 444 m, 24/08/2010. Sample from CYLYCE cruise, dive 12 of Cyana submersible, fragments of two tubes, Ile Rousse Canyon, NW Corsica, 42.833N / 8.953E, 320 m, 25/05/1997, Slides from specimens of BALGIM Cruise, R / V Cryos, Alboran Sea, Station CP 135-168, 35.435N / -4.301W and DR152–257, 35.935N/-5.569W, 390–560m, May–June 1984.
External morphology. The sponge is formed by several tubes more or less coalescent, expanding from a narrower base of attachment to the substrate. The tubes are most often arranged in a single or a double line (Fig. 3), with each line formed by up to 12 tubes. The maximum size estimated from ROV images is ca 15 x 7 x 5 cm, with tubes either entirely joined or free for up to 5 cm. The tubes are 1–2.2 cm in diameter with a central canal 0.55–0.65 cm in diameter. The wall of the tubes is ca 3 mm thick. The surface is pierced by numerous small depressions. The color is pure white in living or freshly dead specimens, grey in dead skeletons due to sediment deposits. Specimens with both living parts and dead skeletons have often been observed (Fig. 3 B). The consistency is hard, but the sponge is easily broken.
Numerous observations of sponges with very similar external characters have been made between 199 and 632 m depth from submersible and ROV dives, for examples Fig. 3 A, 3B; Fig. 4 B, 4C, 4D (Table 3). Their identification to the same species is made with great confidence.
Skeleton. The main skeleton is a dictyonal framework of square meshes with 200–300 µm sides and beams 30–60 µm thick, with tubercles arranged in rows. Megascleres are dermal and parenchymal hexactins.
Strongyloscopules are present in dermal and atrial surfaces. Microscleres are oxyhexactins and two types of hexasters.
description: Published as part of Boury-Esnault, Nicole, Vacelet, Jean, Dubois, Maude, Goujard, Adrien, Fourt, Maïa, Pérez, Thierry & Chevaldonné, Pierre, 2017, New hexactinellid sponges from deep Mediterranean canyons, pp. 118-134 in Zootaxa 4236 (1) on pages 126-127, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4236.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/321981
Publication Policies for Replicable Research and the Community-Wide False Discovery Rate
Creators: name: Habiger, Joshua
name: Liang, Ye
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Recent literature has shown that statistically significant results are often not replicated because the “p-value < 0.05” publication rule results in a high false positive rate (FPR) or false discovery rate (FDR) in some scientific communities. While recommendations to address the phenomenon vary, many amount to incorporating additional study summary information, such as prior null hypothesis odds and/or effect sizes, in some way. This article demonstrates that a statistic called the local false discovery rate (lfdr), which incorporates this information, is a sufficient summary for addressing false positive rates. Specifically, it is shown that lfdr-values among published results are sufficient for estimating the community-wide FDR for any well-defined publication policy, and that lfdr-values are sufficient for defining policies for community-wide FDR control. It is also demonstrated that, though p-values can be useful for computing an lfdr, they alone are not sufficient for addressing the community-wide FDR. Data from the recent replication study are used to compare publication policies and illustrate the FDR estimator.
Phase transitions for chase-escape models on Poisson–Gilbert graphs
Creators: name: Hinsen, Alexander
name: Jahnel, Benedikt
name: Cali, Elie
name: Wary, Jean-Philippe
Publisher: name: [Madralin] : EMIS ELibEMS
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Boolean model
subject: Extinction
subject: Interacting particle systems
subject: Percolation
subject: Random graphs
subject: Survival
subject: 510

description: We present results on phase transitions of local and global survival in a two-species model on Poisson–Gilbert graphs. Initially, there is an infection at the origin that propagates on the graph according to a continuous-time nearest-neighbor interacting particle system. The graph consists of susceptible nodes and nodes of a second type, which we call white knights. The infection can spread on susceptible nodes without restriction. If the infection reaches a white knight, this white knight starts to spread on the set of infected nodes according to the same mechanism, with a potentially different rate, giving rise to a competition of chase and escape. We show well-definedness of the model, isolate regimes of global survival and extinction of the infection and present estimates on local survival. The proofs rest on comparisons to the process on trees, percolation arguments and finite-degree approximations of the underlying random graphs.
Behind Closed Doors: Modern Korean State and Its Explotation of Sexuality
Creators: name: Sandstrum, Grey
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: nation-state
gender politics
sexuality

description: Supported by focused ethnographies, interviews, and newspaper publications regarding the experiences of the women involved in sex labor, this project examines the oppressive environment established by the Korean state. The study presents a linear transformation of the Korean state and its exploitations of female sexuality, following its actions from the 1930s onward through the three major periods of modern Korean history: the colonial, developmental, and neoliberal periods. The goal of this project is to link the sexuality exploitation in all three periods together to demonstrate the three main vested interests of the state: (1) national security via American occupation (2) stimulate foreign investment by regulating sex tourism industries (3) nurture international diplomacy This project contributes to the understanding of the nation-state and its relationship to the sex industry, a critical yet hidden market fueled by the labor of marginalized and unprotected groups over time and highlights the importance of international politics and shifting global markets in this relationship.
A survey of bias in machine learning through the prism of statistical parity
Creators: name: Besse, P.
name: del Barrio, E.
name: Gordaliza, P.
name: Loubes, J-M.
name: Risser, L.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Applications based on machine learning models have now become an indispensable part of the everyday life and the professional world. As a consequence, a critical question has recently arose among the population: Do algorithmic decisions convey any type of discrimination against specific groups of population or minorities? In this paper, we show the importance of understanding how bias can be introduced into automatic decisions. We first present a mathematical framework for the fair learning problem, specifically in the binary classification setting. We then propose to quantify the presence of bias by using the standard disparate impact index on the real and well-known adult income data set. Finally, we check the performance of different approaches aiming to reduce the bias in binary classification outcomes. Importantly, we show that some intuitive methods are ineffective with respect to the statistical parity criterion. This sheds light on the fact that trying to make fair machine learning models may be a particularly challenging task, in particular when the training observations contain some bias.
Farrea bowerbanki Boury-Esnault, Vacelet, Dubois, Goujard, Fourt, Pérez & Chevaldonné, 2017, n. sp.
Creators: name: Boury-Esnault, Nicole
name: Vacelet, Jean
name: Dubois, Maude
name: Goujard, Adrien
name: Fourt, Maïa
name: Pérez, Thierry
name: Chevaldonné, Pierre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Hexactinellida
Hexactinosida
Farreidae
Farrea
Farrea bowerbanki

description: Farrea bowerbanki n. sp. Boury-Esnault, Vacelet & Chevaldonné
Type-specimen. Sample VAL2-ACH-P15_ECH01. MNHN-HJV-03
Type-locality. Valinco Canyon, SW Corsica (Western Mediterranean), 383 m, 41.66148N / 8.7953E, 31/07/ 2014.
Comparative material. Slides from specimens of the Ibero-Morrocan Gulf (BALGIM Cruise, 1984, Stn CP91-13, 34.3675N – 7.417W, 945 m).
External morphology. Several specimens were observed on ROV pictures and videos or by direct observations from the manned submersible ‘Remora 2000’ (Comex) in 2009, 2010, 2014 and 2016 (Fig. 1, 2 and 4, Table 3). A complete specimen, designated as holotype, has been collected in 2014. The holotype (Fig. 2 A, 2C) is 15 cm high, with a diameter of about 20 cm at its widest part. The body is formed by a branching and anastomosing system of tubes attached to the rocky substrate by a small basal plate, 2 cm in diameter. Two main tubes, 2 cm in diameter, arising from the basal plate, divide and merge several times, with distally infundibular openings 5–8 cm wide. The shape of these openings is reminiscent of a flower corolla. The thickness of the tube wall is about 1–2 mm. Color in life is white, with the basal plate and a short common basal part of the tubes, deep grey. The sponge is very fragile, and several parts of the tubes are broken on the preserved holotype which was very difficult to collect in a good state of preservation by the ROV. The other specimens observed, such as shown in Figures 2 B, 4A, 4B and 4D, have the same general shape, varying in size from a few centimeters to 40 cm. Several observed specimens were composed of a white living part and of a dead skeleton, colored in grey due to the deposit of mud.
Skeleton. The skeleton framework is a typical farreoid dictyonal type with smooth beams and spined spurs (Fig. 2 D, 2F). Dictyonalia are formed in more than one layer. The meshes are mostly rectangular, sometimes square or triangular (Fig. 2 E), with dictyonal beams 168–430/35–50 µm in size. The spurs are 90–210 µm in length, always spined and most often curved (Fig. 2 F).
description: Published as part of Boury-Esnault, Nicole, Vacelet, Jean, Dubois, Maude, Goujard, Adrien, Fourt, Maïa, Pérez, Thierry & Chevaldonné, Pierre, 2017, New hexactinellid sponges from deep Mediterranean canyons, pp. 118-134 in Zootaxa 4236 (1) on page 124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4236.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/321981
title: Synovial Chondromatosis mimicking PVNS
Creators: name: Vanhoenacker, Filip
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: MR
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 30-year-old female presented following a distortion injury of the left knee during swimming. Physical examination revealed swelling of the medial compartment and a slight positive anterior drawer test. The patient was referred for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the left knee.

description: 30 years, female
New Low-Melting Triply Charged Homoleptic Cr(III)-Based Ionic Liquids in Comparison to Their Singly Charged Heteroleptic Analogues
Creators: name: Peppel, Tim
name: Köckerling, Martin
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI AG
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chromium
subject: Crystal structure
subject: Ionic liquids
subject: Melting point
subject: Physical properties
subject: 600

description: A series of new low-melting triply charged homoleptic Cr(III)-based ionic liquids of the general formula (RMIm)3[Cr(NCS)6] (R = methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, benzyl) is reported. Their syntheses and properties are described in comparison to their singly charged heteroleptic analogues of the general formula (RMIm)[Cr(NCS)4L2] (R = methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, benzyl; L = pyridine, γ-picoline). In total, sixteen new Reineckate related salts with large imidazolium cations are described. Out of these, five compounds were crystallized, and their structures determined by single-crystal X-ray structure analyses. They all consisted of discrete anions and cations with octahedrally coordinated Cr(III) ions. In the structures, various hydrogen contacts interconnect the entities to build up hydrogen bonded networks. Thermal investigations showed relatively low melting points for the homoleptic complexes. The compounds with the [Cr(NCS)6]3− anion melt without decomposition and are stable up to 200 K above their melting points. The complex salts with the [Cr(NCS)4L2]− anion, in contrast, start to decompose and lose L molecules (Pyr or Pic) already at the melting point.
Zwitterionic and biradicaloid heteroatomic cyclopentane derivatives containing different group 15 elements
Creators: name: Hinz, Alexander
name: Schulz, Axel
name: Villinger, Alexander
Publisher: name: Cambridge : RSC
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chemical activation
subject: Biradical
subject: Formal radical
subject: Group 15 element
subject: Multiple bonds
subject: Zwitterionic species
subject: Financial markets
subject: 540

description: The formal cyclopentane-1,3-diyl derivatives [E1(μ-NTer)2({E2C} = NDmp)] (Ter = 2,6-dimesityl-phenyl, Dmp = 2,6-dimethylphenyl) were prepared by 1,1-insertion of CNDmp into the N–E2 bond of [E1(μ-NTer)2E2] (E1 = N, P; E2 = P, As). The insertion does not occur for E1 = E2 = As or E2 = Sb. Dependent on the choice of formal radical centres E, either a biradicaloid or a zwitterion was obtained. The biradicaloid features a P and an As radical center and its biradical character was established by computations as well as characteristic reactivity with respect to the formation of a housane derivative and the activation of molecules bearing multiple bonds, which was demonstrated using the example of PCtBu. In contrast, the formally N,As- and N,P-centered biradicaloids are better regarded as zwitterionic species in accord with computations and diminished reactivity, as neither housane formation nor activation of multiple bonds could be observed.
Anisotropic Finite Element Mesh Adaptation via Higher Dimensional Embedding
Creators: name: Dassi, Franco
name: Si, Hang
name: Perotto, Simona
name: Streckenbach, Timo
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: anisotropic meshes
subject: Mesh optimization
subject: Partial differential equations
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: 670

description: In this paper we provide a novel anisotropic mesh adaptation technique for adaptive finite element analysis. It is based on the concept of higher dimensional embedding, which was exploited in [1], [2], [3], [4] to obtain an anisotropic curvature adapted mesh that fits a complex surface in R3. In the context of adaptive finite element simulation, the solution (which is an unknown function f : Ω ⊂ d → ) is sought by iteratively modifying a finite element mesh according to a mesh sizing field described via a (discrete) metric tensor field that is typically obtained through an error estimator. We proposed to use a higher dimensional embedding, Φf (x):= (x1, …, xd, s f (x1, …, xd), s ▿ f (x1, …, xd))t, instead of the mesh sizing field for the mesh adaption. This embedding contains both informations of the function f itself and its gradient. An isotropic mesh in this embedded space will correspond to an anisotropic mesh in the actual space, where the mesh elements are stretched and aligned according to the features of the function f. To better capture the anisotropy and gradation of the mesh, it is necessary to balance the contribution of the components in this embedding. We have properly adjusted Φf (x) for adaptive finite element analysis. To better understand and validate the proposed mesh adaptation strategy, we first provide a series of experimental tests for piecewise linear interpolation of known functions. We then applied this approach in an adaptive finite element solution of partial differential equations. Both tests are performed on two-dimensional domains in which adaptive triangular meshes are generated. We compared these results with the ones obtained by the software BAMG – a metric-based adaptive mesh generator. The errors measured in the L2 norm are comparable. Moreover, our meshes captured the anisotropy more accurately than the meshes of BAMG.
Potential of Mini Gurney Flaps as a Retrofit to Mitigate the Performance Degradation of Wind Turbine Blades Induced by Erosion
Creators: name: Papi, Francesco
name: Melani, Pier Francesco
name: Alber, Jörg
name: Balduzzi, Francesco
name: Ferrara, Giovanni
name: Nayeri, Christian Navid
name: Bianchini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: LE erosion
subject: HAWT
subject: mini gurney flap
subject: wind turbines
subject: erosion

description: Leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades is still an important challenge for wind energy professionals, both at research and industrial level. While the efficiency and durability of materials and coatings are improving rapidly, it is important to explore innovative solutions at the aerodynamic design level to mitigate the adverse effects of surface erosion. For that, a preliminary analysis on the use of Mini Gurney Flaps (MGFs) is presented in the study. High-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations are used to evaluate the impact of severe leading edge (LE) erosion on the performance of the FFAW3-241 airfoil on the rotor blade of the DTU 10-MW Reference Wind Turbine, which is used as test case. CFD lift and drag polars of the eroded airfoil show that MGFs are able to partially recover aerodynamic efficiency caused by erosion; this suggested evaluating their use as a retrofit solution for blades that already experienced leading edge erosion damage. When tested on the DTU 10MW RWT blade, results show how, if sized correctly, MGFs perform as predicted: the lift curve is shifted back to its design value and performance is improved with respect to the eroded blade. Moreover, as one would expect, higher than optimal MGFs resulted in excessive lift increases and thus decreased performance, even in the case of LE-erosion. Although these devices behave as intended however, based on the results of this paper, performance decreases are noted at high tip-speed-ratios (TSR), due to the blade operating in off-design conditions.
Bayesian Modeling of the Dynamics of Phase Modulations and their Application to Auditory Event Related Potentials at Different Loudness Scales
Creators: name: Mortezapouraghdam, Zeinab
name: Wilson, Robert C.
name: Schwabe, Lars
name: Strauss, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: Lausanne : Frontiers Media
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Bayesian models
subject: circular statistics
subject: event-related potentials
subject: instantaneous phase
subject: long-term habituation
subject: 610

description: We study the effect of long-term habituation signatures of auditory selective attention reflected in the instantaneous phase information of the auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) at four distinct stimuli levels of 60, 70, 80, and 90 dB SPL. The analysis is based on the single-trial level. The effect of habituation can be observed in terms of the changes (jitter) in the instantaneous phase information of ERPs. In particular, the absence of habituation is correlated with a consistently high phase synchronization over ERP trials. We estimate the changes in phase concentration over trials using a Bayesian approach, in which the phase is modeled as being drawn from a von Mises distribution with a concentration parameter which varies smoothly over trials. The smoothness assumption reflects the fact that habituation is a gradual process. We differentiate between different stimuli based on the relative changes and absolute values of the estimated concentration parameter using the proposed Bayesian model.
Azetidinium Functionalized Polytetrahydrofurans: Antimicrobial Properties in Solution and Application to Prepare Non Leaching Antimicrobial Surfaces
Creators: name: Chattopadhyay, Subrata
name: Heine, Elisabeth
name: Keul, Helmut
name: Moeller, Martin
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Antimicrobial polymers
subject: Antimicrobial textiles
subject: Azetidinium functionalized polymers
subject: 540

description: In this work, we report the antimicrobial efficacy of azetidinium functionalized polytetrahydrofurans in solution and their application in the preparation of non leaching, antimicrobial surfaces. The excellent antimicrobial efficacy of these water soluble polymers both in solution and on surfaces (>99.99%–100% bacterial growth inhibition) makes them excellent candidates for solving the hygiene related problems in the medical and hospital environment.
Comparison of different fidelity aerodynamic solvers on the IEA 10 MW turbine including novel tip extension geometries
Creators: name: Behrens De Luna, Robert
name: Marten, David
name: Barlas, T.
name: Horcas, S. G.
name: Ramos-García, N.
name: Li, A.
name: Paschereit, Christian Oliver
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: wind turbines
subject: extension geometries
subject: aerodynamics
subject: BEM
subject: rotors

description: Lifting-line based solvers could supersede the blade element momentum (BEM) method as the industry standard in the near future as rotor sizes of modern wind turbines and computational resources continue to increase. A comparison study between both methods is presented where the IEA 10 MW wind turbine is evaluated in the aero-servo-elastic simulation tool QBlade, comparing the lifting-line free vortex wake method to an unsteady blade element momentum solver. Besides the baseline rotor of the IEA 10 MW turbine, the comparison includes several blade tip extensions, including a swept and a dihedral geometry, to further differentiate capabilities between both methods in aerodynamically complex flow fields. As a reference serve results from equivalent simulations performed with multiple fidelity solvers of the simulation tool HAWC2. Results of a rigid load case demonstrate considerable improvement regarding the aerodynamic accuracy of lifting-line based methods in below rated conditions over BEM codes. The aerodynamic loads on geometrically complex tip extensions in steady conditions prove good capabilities of lower fidelity codes to predict out-of-plane bend shapes but also clear limitations regarding loads on swept geometries. A quasi-steady aeroelastic load case further demonstrates the capability of both QBlade codes to produce comparable results to similar fidelity solvers of the HAWC2 tool on an integral level. A detailed comparison in the time domain shows a larger dependency of the results on the type of structural solver that is used in contrast to the fidelity level of the aerodynamic method.
Corrigendum to "A Versatile Surface Bioengineering Strategy Based on Mussel-Inspired and Bioclickable Peptide Mimic"
Creators: name: Xiao, Yu
name: Wang, Wenxuan
name: Tian, Xiaohua
name: Tan, Xing
name: Yang, Tong
name: Gao, Peng
name: Xiong, Kaiqing
name: Tu, Qiufen
name: Wang, Miao
name: Maitz, Manfred F.
name: Huang, Nan
name: Pan, Guoqing
name: Yang, Zhilu
Publisher: name: [Beijing] : China Association for Science and Technology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 333.7
subject: 500
subject: 600

description: [This corrects the article DOI: 10.34133/2020/7236946.].
Electronic Sensor Technologies in Monitoring Quality of Tea: A Review
Creators: name: Gharibzahedi, Seyed Mohammad Taghi
name: Barba, Francisco J.
name: Zhou, Jianjun
name: Wang, Min
name: Altintas, Zeynep
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
subject: tea
subject: polyphenol
subject: sensor array
subject: electronic nose
subject: taste sensor
subject: classifier system

description: Tea, after water, is the most frequently consumed beverage in the world. The fermentation of tea leaves has a pivotal role in its quality and is usually monitored using the laboratory analytical instruments and olfactory perception of tea tasters. Developing electronic sensing platforms (ESPs), in terms of an electronic nose (e-nose), electronic tongue (e-tongue), and electronic eye (e-eye) equipped with progressive data processing algorithms, not only can accurately accelerate the consumer-based sensory quality assessment of tea, but also can define new standards for this bioactive product, to meet worldwide market demand. Using the complex data sets from electronic signals integrated with multivariate statistics can, thus, contribute to quality prediction and discrimination. The latest achievements and available solutions, to solve future problems and for easy and accurate real-time analysis of the sensory-chemical properties of tea and its products, are reviewed using bio-mimicking ESPs. These advanced sensing technologies, which measure the aroma, taste, and color profiles and input the data into mathematical classification algorithms, can discriminate different teas based on their price, geographical origins, harvest, fermentation, storage times, quality grades, and adulteration ratio. Although voltammetric and fluorescent sensor arrays are emerging for designing e-tongue systems, potentiometric electrodes are more often employed to monitor the taste profiles of tea. The use of a feature-level fusion strategy can significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of prediction models, accompanied by the pattern recognition associations between the sensory properties and biochemical profiles of tea.
Plastic Deformation Modes of CuZr/Cu Multilayers
Creators: name: Cui, Yan
name: Abad, Oscar Torrents
name: Wang, Fei
name: Huang, Ping
name: Lu, Tian-Jian
name: Xu, Ke-Wei
name: Wang, Jian
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: bulk metallic glasses
subject: shear bands
subject: mechanisms
subject: transition
subject: strength
subject: behavior
subject: 500
subject: 600

description: We synthesized CuZr/Cu multilayers and performed nanoindentation testing to explore the dependence of plastic deformation modes on the thickness of CuZr layers. The Cu layers were 18 nm thick and the CuZr layers varied in thickness from 4 nm to 100 nm. We observed continuous plastic co-deformation in the 4 nm and 10 nm CuZr − 18 nm Cu multilayers and plastic-induced shear instability in thick CuZr layers (>20 nm). The plastic co-deformation is ascribed to the nucleation and interaction of shear transformation zones in CuZr layers at the adjacent interfaces, while the shear instability is associated with the nucleation and propagation of shear bands in CuZr layers. Shear bands are initialized in the CuZr layers due to the accumulated glide dislocations along CuZr-Cu interfaces and propagate into adjacent Cu layers via slips on {111} plane non-parallel to the interface. Due to crystallographic constraint of the Cu layers, shear bands are approximately parallel to {111} plane in the Cu layer.
A New Method of Quantifying the Complexity of Fractal Networks
Creators: name: Babič, Matej
name: Marinković, Dragan
name: Kovačič, Miha
name: Šter, Branko
name: Calì, Michele
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: fractal
subject: network
subject: complexity
subject: Hurst exponent H
subject: public transport

description: There is a large body of research devoted to identifying the complexity of structures in networks. In the context of network theory, a complex network is a graph with nontrivial topological features—features that do not occur in simple networks, such as lattices or random graphs, but often occur in graphs modeling real systems. The study of complex networks is a young and active area of scientific research inspired largely by the empirical study of real-world networks, such as computer networks and logistic transport networks. Transport is of great importance for the economic and cultural cooperation of any country with other countries, the strengthening and development of the economic management system, and in solving social and economic problems. Provision of the territory with a well-developed transport system is one of the factors for attracting population and production, serving as an important advantage for locating productive forces and providing an integration effect. In this paper, we introduce a new method for quantifying the complexity of a network based on presenting the nodes of the network in Cartesian coordinates, converting to polar coordinates, and calculating the fractal dimension using the ReScaled ranged (R/S) method. Our results suggest that this approach can be used to determine complexity for any type of network that has fixed nodes, and it presents an application of this method in the public transport system.
Characterizing the sectoral development of cities
Creators: name: Rybski, Diego
name: Pradhan, Prajal
name: Shutters, Shade T.
name: Butsic, Van
name: Kropp, Jürgen P.
Publisher: name: San Francisco, California, US : PLOS
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: agriculture
subject: article
subject: California
subject: city
subject: economic development
subject: gross national product
subject: 500
subject: 610

description: Previous research has identified a predictive model of how a nation’s distribution of gross domestic product (GDP) among agriculture (a), industry (i), and services (s) changes as a country develops. Here we use this national model to analyze the composition of GDP for US Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) over time. To characterize the transfer of GDP shares between the sectors in the course of economic development we explore a simple system of differential equations proposed in the country-level model. Fitting the model to more than 120 MSAs we find that according to the obtained parameters MSAs can be classified into 6 groups (consecutive, high industry, re-industrializing; each of them also with reversed development direction). The consecutive transfer (a → i → s) is common but does not represent all MSAs examined. At the 95% confidence level, 40% of MSAs belong to types exhibiting an increasing share of GDP from agriculture. In California, such MSAs, which we classify as part of an agriculture renaissance, are found in the Central Valley.
Directed Evolution of P450 BM3 towards Functionalization of Aromatic O-Heterocycles
Creators: name: Santos, Gustavo De Almeida
name: Dhoke, Gaurao V.
name: Davari, Mehdi D.
name: Ruff, Anna Joëlle
name: Schwaneberg, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Basel : Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Directed evolution
subject: Hydroxylation
subject: Molecular modeling
subject: Monooxygenases aromatic heterocycles
subject: P450
subject: Protein engineering
subject: 570
subject: 540

description: The O-heterocycles, benzo-1,4-dioxane, phthalan, isochroman, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, benzofuran, and dibenzofuran are important building blocks with considerable medical application for the production of pharmaceuticals. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) Bacillus megaterium 3 (BM3) wild type (WT) from Bacillus megaterium has low to no conversion of the six O-heterocycles. Screening of in-house libraries for active variants yielded P450 BM3 CM1 (R255P/P329H), which was subjected to directed evolution and site saturation mutagenesis of four positions. The latter led to the identification of position R255, which when introduced in the P450 BM3 WT, outperformed all other variants. The initial oxidation rate of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) consumption increased ≈140-fold (WT: 8.3 ± 1.3 min−1; R255L: 1168 ± 163 min−1), total turnover number (TTN) increased ≈21-fold (WT: 40 ± 3; R255L: 860 ± 15), and coupling efficiency, ≈2.9-fold (WT: 8.8 ± 0.1%; R255L: 25.7 ± 1.0%). Computational analysis showed that substitution R255L (distant from the heme-cofactor) does not have the salt bridge formed with D217 in WT, which introduces flexibility into the I-helix and leads to a heme rearrangement allowing for efficient hydroxylation.
Synthesis and Physical Properties of Iridium-Based Sulfide Ca1−xIr4S6(S2) [x = 0.23–0.33]
Creators: name: Vogl, Michael
name: Valldor, Martin
name: Piening, Roman Boy
name: Efremov, Dmitri V.
name: Büchner, Bernd
name: Aswartham, Saicharan
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: solid-state synthesis
subject: X-ray diffraction
subject: band structure
subject: magnetic measurements
subject: 621.3

description: We present the synthesis and characterization of the iridium-based sulfide Ca1−xIr4S6(S2). Quality and phase analysis were conducted by means of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Structure analysis reveals a monoclinic symmetry with the space group C 1 2/m 1 (No. 12), with the lattice constants a = 15.030 (3) Å, b = 3.5747 (5) Å and c = 10.4572 (18) Å. Both X-ray diffraction and EDXS suggest an off-stoichiometry of calcium, leading to the empirical composition Ca1−xIr4.0S6(S2) [x = 0.23–0.33]. Transport measurements show metallic behavior of the compound in the whole range of measured temperatures. Magnetic measurements down to 1.8 K show no long range order, and Curie–Weiss analysis yields θCW = −31.4 K, suggesting that the compound undergoes a magnetic state with short range magnetic correlations. We supplement our study with calculations of the band structure in the framework of the density functional theory.
L’impatto del nuovo Codice del Terzo settore sulla disciplina degli “enti religiosi”
Creators: name: Consorti, Pierluigi
Publisher: name: Stato, Chiese e pluralismo confessionale
Year: 2018
Subjects: Enti religiosi

description: SOMMARIO: 1. Gli “enti ecclesiastici” fra legge delega e decreto legislativo - 2. Questioni di nome - 3. Questioni di sostanza - 4. Gli enti ecclesiastici civilmente riconosciuti sono enti del Terzo settore? - 5. Cenni alla disciplina tributaria.
The impact of the new “Third Sector Code” on the regulation of “religious bodies”.
ABSTRACT: Italian Law regulates in a special way “ecclesiastical bodies”, the entities that have been recognized as “legal person” by the Law of the State according to the bilateral agreements signed in conformity with Italian Constitution. Nevertheless, these entities are regulated as well by other laws regarding their “not religious” activities, such as social assistance, education (as schools and universities), health care (as hospitals and retirement communities). On July 2017 has been adopted a new Law on the so called “Third Sector”, that impacts on the current legislation in several points. In this essay, I discuss the legitimacy of the adopted denomination of “religious bodies” instead of “ecclesiastical bodies”, that it is not a mere nominalist issue, because it changes many rules. Then I examine the practical implications related to this new legal expression, wondering if those religious/ecclesiastical bodies are “Third Sector entities”. In my opinion, the answer is negative. In the last paragraph, I address the consequences of the new “Third Sector Code” on tax aspects.
description: Stato, Chiese e pluralismo confessionale, 2018: 29 gennaio
Le proposte di legge Santanchè-Palmizio sul registro delle moschee e l’albo degli imam: un tentativo di refurbishment della legge n. 1159/1929?
Creators: name: De Oto, Antonello
Publisher: name: Stato, Chiese e pluralismo confessionale
Year: 2018
Subjects: Islam

description: SOMMARIO: 1. Il contenuto delle proposte di legge c. 2976 e c. 3421 (Garnero Santanchè e Palmizio) e i profili di incostituzionalità - 2. La necessità politico-normativa di un altro approccio agli Islam. Rivitalizzazione dello strumento delle Intese e legge generale sulla libertà religiosa come antidoti alla lenta deriva del riassetto normativo della legge sui culti ammessi - 3. Allegati.
The law Santanchè-Palmizio proposals about the Mosques and Imams register: a refurbishment attempt of the law n.1159 / 1929?
ABSTRACT: The article examines and comments the contents of the legislative proposals c. 2976 and c. 3421 (Garnero-Santanchè and Palmizio) and their unconstitutionality profiles . At the end of this parliamentary term, this examination is also the basis for thinking about political and normative necessity of another approach to Islam and, at the same time, revitalizing the Agreements instrument and the general law of religious freedom, so that they can constitute a concrete antidote to the slow and creeping drift of the normative reorganization of the law on the admitted cults.
description: Stato, Chiese e pluralismo confessionale, 2018: 29 gennaio
Strong ferromagnetically-coupled spin valve sensor devices for droplet magnetofluidics
Creators: name: Lin, Gungun
name: Makarov, Denys
name: Schmidt, Oliver G
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Droplet microfluidics
subject: Ferrofluid
subject: Ferromagnetic coupling
subject: High field sensing
subject: Spin valve
subject: 620

description: We report a magnetofluidic device with integrated strong ferromagnetically-coupled and hysteresis-free spin valve sensors for dynamic monitoring of ferrofluid droplets in microfluidics. The strong ferromagnetic coupling between the free layer and the pinned layer of spin valve sensors is achieved by reducing the spacer thickness, while the hysteresis of the free layer is eliminated by the interplay between shape anisotropy and the strength of coupling. The increased ferromagnetic coupling field up to the remarkable 70 Oe, which is five-times larger than conventional solutions, brings key advantages for dynamic sensing, e.g., a larger biasing field giving rise to larger detection signals, facilitating the operation of devices without saturation of the sensors. Studies on the fundamental effects of an external magnetic field on the evolution of the shape of droplets, as enabled by the non-visual monitoring capability of the device, provides crucial information for future development of a magnetofluidic device for multiplexed assays.
Le Sharia Court in Gran Bretagna. Storia ed evoluzione dei tribunali islamici nel Regno Unito
Creators: name: Negri, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Stato, Chiese e pluralismo confessionale
Year: 2018
Subjects: Diritto ecclesiastico comparato e straniero

description: SOMMARIO: 1. Le Sharia court: origini, attività e scopi - 2. Alcuni dati statistici - 3. Un’ulteriore evoluzione: l’Arbitration Act e il Muslim Arbitration Tribunal - 4. Il discorso dell’arcivescovo di Canterbury e reazioni - 5. Il Private Members’ Bill della baronessa Cox - 6. La risposta dell’Islamic Sharia Council - 7. Un dibattito ancora in corso: Friend or Foe?
Sharia Courts. History and evolution of Muslim courts in the United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: In the last thirty years the United Kingdom has experienced the formation and surge of so-called Sharia courts or councils, unrecognised Muslim tribunals with purpose of settling disputes using Islamic religious law. Their stated objectives include providing advice and assistance in the operation of Muslim family life, establishing a bench of scholars to operate as a council, making decisions on matters of Muslim family law, and promoting an enlightened practice of the Muslim faith by Muslims living in the UK.
This paper analyses the origins, evolution and functioning of these councils, with emphasis on the lively public debate initiated in 2008 following the Archbishop of Canterbury’s remarks and followed with the bill proposed by Baroness Cox. An overview of the relations between Sharia councils and the State is presented, while providing insight on future scenarios.
description: Stato, Chiese e pluralismo confessionale, 2018: 29 gennaio
Long-term predictability of mean daily temperature data
Creators: name: Von Bloh, W.
name: Romano, M.C.
name: Thiel, M.
Publisher: name: Göttingen : Copernicus GmbH
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: air temperature
subject: prediction
subject: 550

description: We quantify the long-term predictability of global mean daily temperature data by means of the Rényi entropy of second order K2. We are interested in the yearly amplitude fluctuations of the temperature. Hence, the data are low-pass filtered. The obtained oscillatory signal has a more or less constant frequency, depending on the geographical coordinates, but its amplitude fluctuates irregularly. Our estimate of K2 quantifies the complexity of these amplitude fluctuations. We compare the results obtained for the CRU data set (interpolated measured temperature in the years 1901-2003 with 0.5° resolution, Mitchell et al., 20051) with the ones obtained for the temperature data from a coupled ocean-atmosphere global circulation model (AOGCM, calculated at DKRZ). Furthermore, we compare the results obtained by means of K2 with the linear variance of the temperature data.
Il De gemitu Columbae del cardinale Roberto Bellarmino e lo jus publicum ecclesiasticum
Creators: name: Borghi, Alex
Publisher: name: Stato, Chiese e pluralismo confessionale
Year: 2018
Subjects: Diritto canonico (Storia del)

description: SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Rilevanza del De gemitu per una “teologia politica” - 3. Il problema dell’appartenenza all’Ecclesia: il canto della “Colomba” - 4. Il can. I della Distinctio XCII del Decretum di Graziano - 5. Osservazioni conclusive.
De gemitu Columbae by Cardinal Roberto Bellarmino and the jus publicum ecclesiasticum
ABSTRACT: One of the minor works of cardinal Roberto Bellarmino, De Gemitu Columbae sive De Bono lacrymarum (1617) is composed of three books: the first is dedicated to the "need for moans"; the second and third, respectively, to the sources and the fruits of the "tears". In investigating the origin of the moan, after quoting Isaiah and Nahum, the Author insists on a verse, particularly evocative, taken from the Song of Songs (6, 9). Therefore, the moan is not referred only to the animal in itself, but also to the whole Church: the work in question seems to be more connected to the textures of a "political theology" than to the classic counter-reformed edification readings. The present contribution aims to examine the relationships between De gemitu and the jus publicum ecclesiasticum, not only externum but also - and above all - internum. And, by this way, the highly debated theme of belonging to the Ecclesia, faced by the great Counter-reform theorist through the images of the dove and the chant.
description: Stato, Chiese e pluralismo confessionale, 2018: 5 febbraio
La libertà religiosa, i diritti delle comunità islamiche. Alcune considerazioni critiche su due progetti di legge in materia di moschee e imam
Creators: name: Macrì, Gianfranco
Publisher: name: Stato, Chiese e pluralismo confessionale
Year: 2018
Subjects: Islam

description: SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione: per un pluralismo “ragionevole” di fronte ai mutamenti sociali - 2. Dalla teoria alla pratica: alcuni aspetti della “questione” islamica nelle contraddizioni politiche e giuridiche del presente - 3. Una premessa di metodo: la libertà religiosa nel modello democratico costituzionale. Aporie persistenti e spunti di riforma (ma siamo ancora agli inizi) - 4. Diritto fondamentale alla moschea vs “Registro pubblico delle moschee” - 5. Un Albo per gli imam (e altre cose) - 6. Conclusioni.
Religious Freedom and the right of Muslim communities. Some critical remarks on two recent draft laws on mosques and imams
ABSTRACT: This contribution starts from the proposal of two draft laws on Islam in Italy (one on the legal status of mosques and the other on imams), which deal with concrete issues that the country faces, taking into consideration the multicultural context of Italy. So far, the approach of the Italian political class has been quite conservative and not willing to take into account possible solutions offered by the Constitution, such as the protection of basic human rights. The solutions have been more focused on the potential lack of trust towards Muslim communities and on legal solutions not fully integrated within a wider European approach. The proposed solutions appear therefore to be more the result of ad hoc approaches, influenced by considerations of real politik, than tools fully in line with the requirements of the Constitutional protection of human rights.
description: Stato, Chiese e pluralismo confessionale, 2018: 5 febbraio
IMPROVING TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCING COMPLEX FERTILIZER FROM LOW-GRADE PHOSPHORITES OF THE CENTRAL KUMKYZYL
Creators: name: Kazakhbaev, S.
name: Kurbiyazov, D.
name: Erkaev, A.U.
name: Reimov, A.M.
name: Allamuratova, A.Zh.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The methods of nitric acid processing of phosphate raw materials are analyzed. A technology has been developed for the nitric acid processing of phosphate raw materials into nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer with the implementation of the process in a condensed pulp by adding sulfuric acid. A technology for producing complex fertilizers with a wide range of N:P2O5:K2O ratios with improved physico-chemical parameters due to the introduction of various potassium salts into the process is proposed.
Multiple cropping systems of the world and the potential for increasing cropping intensity
Creators: name: Waha, Katharina
name: Dietrich, Jan Philipp
name: Portmann, Felix T.
name: Siebert, Stefan
name: Thornton, Philip K.
name: Bondeau, Alberte
name: Herrero, Mario
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cropping intensity
subject: Double cropping
subject: Global crop production
subject: Harvest frequency
subject: Land sparing
subject: Land use intensity
subject: 550
subject: 333,7

description: Multiple cropping, defined as harvesting more than once a year, is a widespread land management strategy in tropical and subtropical agriculture. It is a way of intensifying agricultural production and diversifying the crop mix for economic and environmental benefits. Here we present the first global gridded data set of multiple cropping systems and quantify the physical area of more than 200 systems, the global multiple cropping area and the potential for increasing cropping intensity. We use national and sub-national data on monthly crop-specific growing areas around the year 2000 (1998–2002) for 26 crop groups, global cropland extent and crop harvested areas to identify sequential cropping systems of two or three crops with non-overlapping growing seasons. We find multiple cropping systems on 135 million hectares (12% of global cropland) with 85 million hectares in irrigated agriculture. 34%, 13% and 10% of the rice, wheat and maize area, respectively are under multiple cropping, demonstrating the importance of such cropping systems for cereal production. Harvesting currently single cropped areas a second time could increase global harvested areas by 87–395 million hectares, which is about 45% lower than previous estimates. Some scenarios of intensification indicate that it could be enough land to avoid expanding physical cropland into other land uses but attainable intensification will depend on the local context and the crop yields attainable in the second cycle and its related environmental costs. © 2020 The Author(s)