cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sequential Linkage of Carbohydrate Antigens to Mimic Capsular Polysaccharides: Toward Semisynthetic Glycoconjugate Vaccine Candidates against Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 14
Creators: name: Seco, Bruna M. S.
name: Xu, Fei-Fei
name: Grafmüller, Andrea
name: Kottari, Naresh
name: Pereira, Claney L.
name: Seeberger, Peter H.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: conjugate vaccines
subject: immune-response
subject: pathogenesis
subject: receptor
subject: disease
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Vaccines based on isolated polysaccharides successfully protect humans from bacterial pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. Because polysaccharide production and isolation can be technically challenging, glycoconjugates containing synthetic antigens are an attractive alternative. Typically, the shortest possible oligosaccharide antigen is preferable as syntheses of longer structures are more difficult and time-consuming. Combining several protective epitopes or polysaccharide repeating units as blocks by bonds other than glycosidic linkages would greatly reduce the synthetic effort if the immunological response to the polysaccharide could be retained. To explore this concept, we bridged the well-understood and immunologically potent RU of S. pneumoniae serotype 14 (ST14) with an aliphatic spacer and conjugated it to the carrier protein CRM197. Mice immunized with the spacer-bridged glycan conjugates produced high levels of specific antibodies after just one or two vaccine doses, while the tetrasaccharide repeating unit alone required three doses. The antibodies recognized specifically ST14 CPS, while no significant antibody levels were raised against the spacer or unrelated CPS. Synthetic vaccines generated antibodies with opsonic activity. Mimicking polysaccharides by coupling repeating unit antigens via an aliphatic spacer may prove useful also for the development of other glycoconjugate vaccine candidates, thereby reducing the synthetic complexity while enhancing a faster immune response.
The signed loop approach to the Ising model: foundations and critical point
Creators: name: Kager, Wouter
name: Lis, Marcin
name: Meester, Ronald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B20 (Primary) 60C05 (Secondary)

description: The signed loop method is a beautiful way to rigorously study the two-dimensional Ising model with no external field. In this paper, we explore the foundations of the method, including details that have so far been neglected or overlooked in the literature. We demonstrate how the method can be applied to the Ising model on the square lattice to derive explicit formal expressions for the free energy density and two-point functions in terms of sums over loops, valid all the way up to the self-dual point. As a corollary, it follows that the self-dual point is critical both for the behaviour of the free energy density, and for the decay of the two-point functions.
description: 38 pages, 7 figures, with an improved Introduction. The final publication is available at link.springer.com
A KAM algorithm for the resonant non--linear Schrödinger equation
Creators: name: Procesi, M.
name: Procesi, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this note we use the normal forms of the completely resonant non--linear Schrödinger equation on a torus (NLS) derived in previous work in order to produce, under a KAM algorithm, large families of stable and unstable quasi periodic solutions for the NLS in any number of independent frequencies.
Cortical thickness and resting-state cardiac function across the lifespan: A cross-sectional pooled mega-analysis
Creators: name: Koenig, Julian
name: Abler, Birgit
name: Agartz, Ingrid
name: Åkerstedt, Torbjörn
name: Andreassen, Ole A.
name: Anthony, Mia
name: Bär, Karl-Jürgen
name: Jentschke, Sebastian
name: Koelsch, Stefan
name: Acuna, Daniela
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: aging
subject: autonomic nervous system
subject: cortical thickness
subject: heart rate
subject: heart rate variability
subject: sex
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Understanding the association between autonomic nervous system [ANS] function and brain morphology across the lifespan provides important insights into neurovisceral mechanisms underlying health and disease. Resting-state ANS activity, indexed by measures of heart rate [HR] and its variability [HRV] has been associated with brain morphology, particularly cortical thickness [CT]. While findings have been mixed regarding the anatomical distribution and direction of the associations, these inconsistencies may be due to sex and age differences in HR/HRV and CT. Previous studies have been limited by small sample sizes, which impede the assessment of sex differences and aging effects on the association between ANS function and CT. To overcome these limitations, 20 groups worldwide contributed data collected under similar protocols of CT assessment and HR/HRV recording to be pooled in a mega-analysis (N = 1,218 (50.5% female), mean age 36.7 years (range: 12-87)). Findings suggest a decline in HRV as well as CT with increasing age. CT, particularly in the orbitofrontal cortex, explained additional variance in HRV, beyond the effects of aging. This pattern of results may suggest that the decline in HRV with increasing age is related to a decline in orbitofrontal CT. These effects were independent of sex and specific to HRV; with no significant association between CT and HR. Greater CT across the adult lifespan may be vital for the maintenance of healthy cardiac regulation via the ANS-or greater cardiac vagal activity as indirectly reflected in HRV may slow brain atrophy. Findings reveal an important association between CT and cardiac parasympathetic activity with implications for healthy aging and longevity that should be studied further in longitudinal research.
799 - Kunst und Kultur der Karolingerzeit Karl der Große und Papst Leo III. in Paderborn
Creators: name: Rasch, Matthias
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2018

description: -
description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 40 Nr. 1 (1999): Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Intangible cultural heritage, inequalities and participation: who decides on heritage?
Creators: name: Eichler, Jessika
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Intangible cultural heritage
subject: indigenous peoples
subject: cultural negotiation and participation
subject: cultural recognition
subject: Andean Carnival
subject: indigenous identities
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: Ever since the adoption of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (CSICH) in 2003, indigenous and minority cultural rights have enjoyed increasing recognition. At the same time, they have been exposed to public discourses and homogenising language that might detrimentally affect their right to access and participation in the creation of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) and ultimately cultural life. As a consequence, respective inequalities in ICH enjoyment have come to the fore, being further reinforced by strategies of tourism, commodification and to some extent digitalisation. Calling for adaptability, submission and homogenisation, such external pressures have jeopardised right holders' voices in self-defining their very identities in new institutionalised ICH contexts. The novel 'human dimension' of cultural heritage inherent to ICH is explored by means of two cases, that is Andean Carnival celebrations in Oruro (Bolivia) and Barranquilla (Colombia). In the cases at hand, it is critically examined how marginalised peoples have found their way into a supposedly equalising regime facilitating celebrations of cultural life, religious identities and spiritual practice in decolonising contexts. In the following, these spaces for inclusion are assessed based on indigenous peoples', Afro-descendants' and similarly marginalised groups' eventual share in negotiating their very identities.
Hermann Stein, Fünfeckige Türme in Deutschland
Creators: name: Fleck, Walther-Gerd
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2018

description: Rezension zu: Hermann Stein, Fünfeckige Türme in Deutschland. Eine Zusammenstellung des Odenwaldklubs, Ortsgruppe Neckarbischofsheim, Dezember 1997 (unpubl. Ms.)
description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 40 Nr. 2 (1999): Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Phase separation in the Edwards model
Creators: name: Ejima, S.
name: Sykora, S.
name: Becker, K. W.
name: Fehske, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of charge transport within a correlated background medium can be described by spinless fermions coupled to bosons in the model introduced by Edwards. Combining numerical density matrix renormalization group and analytical projector-based renormalization methods we explore the ground-state phase diagram of the Edwards model in one dimension. Below a critical boson frequency any long-range order disappears and the system becomes metallic. If the charge carriers are coupled to slow quantum bosons the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid is attractive and finally makes room for a phase separated state, just as in the t-J model. The phase boundary separating repulsive from the attractive Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid is determined from long-wavelength charge correlations, whereas fermion segregation is indicated by a vanishing inverse compressibility. On approaching phase separation the photoemission spectra develop strong anomalies.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, final version
Ergodic Properties of Compositions of Interval Exchange Maps and Rotations
Creators: name: Athreya, Jayadev S.
name: Boshernitzan, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37E05, 37E35

description: We study the ergodic properties of compositions of interval exchange transformations and rotations. We show that for any interval exchange transformation T, there is a full measure set of αin [0, 1) so that T composed with R_α is uniquely ergodic, where R_α is rotation by α.
description: To appear in Nonlinearity
Hamming Approximation of NP Witnesses
Creators: name: Sheldon, Daniel
name: Young, Neal E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.1.3; F.2.2
subject: 03D15, 68Q25, 90C59

description: Given a satisfiable 3-SAT formula, how hard is it to find an assignment to the variables that has Hamming distance at most n/2 to a satisfying assignment? More generally, consider any polynomial-time verifier for any NP-complete language. A d(n)-Hamming-approximation algorithm for the verifier is one that, given any member x of the language, outputs in polynomial time a string a with Hamming distance at most d(n) to some witness w, where (x,w) is accepted by the verifier. Previous results have shown that, if P != NP, then every NP-complete language has a verifier for which there is no (n/2-n^(2/3+d))-Hamming-approximation algorithm, for various constants d > 0. Our main result is that, if P != NP, then every paddable NP-complete language has a verifier that admits no (n/2+O(sqrt(n log n)))-Hamming-approximation algorithm. That is, one cannot get even half the bits right. We also consider natural verifiers for various well-known NP-complete problems. They do have n/2-Hamming-approximation algorithms, but, if P != NP, have no (n/2-n^epsilon)-Hamming-approximation algorithms for any constant epsilon > 0. We show similar results for randomized algorithms.
Calculation of ventilation rates and ammonia emissions: Comparison of sampling strategies for a naturally ventilated dairy barn
Creators: name: Janke, David
name: Willink, Dylia
name: Ammon, Christian
name: Hempel, Sabrina
name: Schrade, Sabine
name: Demeyer, Peter
name: Hartung, Eberhard
name: Amon, Barbara
name: Ogink, Nico
name: Amon, Thomas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Air exchange rate
subject: CO2 balance method
subject: Long-term measurements
subject: FTIR
subject: Sampling positions
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Emissions and ventilation rates (VRs) in naturally ventilated dairy barns (NVDBs) are usually measured using indirect methods, where the choice of inside and outside sampling locations (i.e. sampling strategy) is crucial. The goal of this study was to quantify the influence of the sampling strategy on the estimation of emissions and VRs. We equipped a NVDB in northern Germany with an extensive measuring setup capable of measuring emissions under all wind conditions. Ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations were measured with two Fourier-transform infrared spectrometers. Hourly values for ventilation rates and emissions for ammonia over a period of nearly a year were derived using the CO2 balance method and five different sampling strategies for the acquisition of indoor and outdoor concentrations were applied. When comparing the strategy estimating the highest emission level to the strategy estimating the lowest, the differences in NH3 emissions in winter, transition, and summer season were thorn 26%, thorn 19% and thorn 11%, respectively. For the ventilation rates, the differences were thorn 80%, thorn 94%, and 63% for the winter, transition and summer season, respectively. By accommodating inside/outside concentration measurements around the entire perimeter of the barn instead of a reduced part of the perimeter (aligned to a presumed main wind direction), the amount of available data substantially increased for around 210% for the same monitoring period.
Meta-Analysis of Geomorphodynamics in the Western Lower Bakırçay Plain (Aegean Region, Turkey)
Creators: name: Becker, Fabian
name: Knitter, Daniel
name: Nykamp, Moritz
name: Schütt, Brigitta
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cumulative probability functions
subject: fluvial activity
subject: sedimentation rate
subject: fluvial aggradation
subject: geoarchaeology
subject: alluviation
subject: Asia Minor
subject: Anatolia
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: The relation between human activities, climate variability, and geomorphodynamics in the Mediterranean region is widely discussed. For the western lower Bakırçay plain in the ancient Pergamon Micro-Region, geoarchaeological studies have shown changes in geomorphodynamics primarily on a site-basis. We reconstruct past geomorphodynamics in the area based on a meta-analysis of 108 (14)C-ages obtained from 25 sediment sequences mainly from colluvial and alluvial deposits by analyzing cumulative probability functions of the (14)C-ages. Accounting for biases in the database, we applied different approaches and compared the empirical probability functions with simulated functions. Reconstructed geomorphodynamics in the western lower Bakırçay plain during the Holocene principally coincide with a trend of climate-driven sensitivity to erosion and population dynamics in the eastern Mediterranean, but are also related to the local settlement history. Our data analysis shows that transformations of the Pergamon Micro-Region between the Hellenistic and Roman Imperial times is contemporary to increasing geomorphodynamics that peak in Roman Imperial times. However, a cause–effect relationship between geomorphodynamics and settlement dynamics should be further evaluated. A comparison with data from other settlement centers in Anatolia shows that a coincidence between the peak in geomorphodynamics and a peak in settlement activity are not obvious and may be influenced by soil conservation measures, preferred settlement location, and inherited soil exhaustion
Parker Winds Revisited: An Extension to Disc Winds
Creators: name: Waters, Timothy R.
name: Proga, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple 1D dynamical model of thermally driven disc winds is proposed, based on the results of recent, 2.5D axi-symmetric simulations. Our formulation of the disc wind problem is in the spirit of the original Parker (1958) and Bondi (1952) problems, namely we assume an elementary flow configuration consisting of an outflow following pre-defined trajectories in the presence of a central gravitating point mass. Viscosity and heat conduction are neglected. We consider two different streamline geometries, both comprised of straight lines in the (x,z)-plane: (i) streamlines that converge to a geometric point located at (x,z)=(0,-d) and (ii) streamlines that emerge at a constant inclination angle from the disc midplane (the x-axis, as we consider geometrically thin accretion discs). The former geometry is commonly used in kinematic models to compute synthetic spectra, while the latter, which exhibits self-similarity, is likely unused for this purpose, although it easily can be with existing kinematic models. We make the case that it should be, i.e. that geometry (ii) leads to transonic wind solutions with substantially different properties owing to its lack of streamline divergence. Both geometries can be used to complement recent efforts to estimate photoevaporative mass loss rates from protoplanetary discs. Pertinent to understanding our disc wind results, which are also applicable to X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei, is a focused discussion on lesser known properties of classic Parker wind solutions. We find that the parameter space corresponding to decelerating Parker wind solutions is made larger due to rotation and leads instead to disc wind solutions that always accelerate after the bulk velocity is slowed to a minimum value. Surprisingly, Keplerian rotation may allow for two different transonic wind solutions for the same physical conditions.
description: 30 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Water Evaporation: A Transition Path Sampling Study
Creators: name: Varilly, Patrick
name: Chandler, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use transition path sampling to study evaporation in the SPC/E model of liquid water. Based on thousands of evaporation trajectories, we characterize the members of the transition state ensemble (TSE), which exhibit a liquid-vapor interface with predominantly negative mean curvature at the site of evaporation. We also find that after evaporation is complete, the distributions of translational and angular momenta of the evaporated water are Maxwellian with a temperature equal to that of the liquid. To characterize the evaporation trajectories in their entirety, we find that it suffices to project them onto just two coordinates: the distance of the evaporating molecule to the instantaneous liquid-vapor interface, and the velocity of the water along the average interface normal. In this projected space, we find that the TSE is well-captured by a simple model of ballistic escape from a deep potential well, with no additional barrier to evaporation beyond the cohesive strength of the liquid. Equivalently, they are consistent with a near-unity probability for a water molecule impinging upon a liquid droplet to condense. These results agree with previous simulations and with some, but not all, recent experiments.
description: 33 pages, 11 figures. Added appendix on time reversibility, fixed error in Eqs (7)-(10)
Combined Methylome, Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses Document Rapid Acclimatization of a Bacterium to Environmental Changes
Creators: name: Srivastava, Abhishek
name: Murugaiyan, Jayaseelan
name: Garcia, Juan A. L.
name: De Corte, Daniele
name: Hoetzinger, Matthias
name: Eravci, Murat
name: Weise, Christoph
name: Kumar, Yadhu
name: Roesler, Uwe
name: Hahn, Martin W.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: DNA modification
subject: gene expression
subject: freshwater heterotrophic bacteria
subject: UV radiation
subject: purifying selection
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Polynucleobacter asymbioticusstrain QLW-P1DMWA-1(T)represents a group of highly successful heterotrophic ultramicrobacteria that is frequently very abundant (up to 70% of total bacterioplankton) in freshwater habitats across all seven continents. This strain was originally isolated from a shallow Alpine pond characterized by rapid changes in water temperature and elevated UV radiation due to its location at an altitude of 1300 m. To elucidate the strain's adjustment to fluctuating environmental conditions, we recorded changes occurring in its transcriptomic and proteomic profiles under contrasting experimental conditions by simulating thermal conditions in winter and summer as well as high UV irradiation. To analyze the potential connection between gene expression and regulation via methyl group modification of the genome, we also analyzed its methylome. The methylation pattern differed between the three treatments, pointing to its potential role in differential gene expression. An adaptive process due to evolutionary pressure in the genus was deduced by calculating the ratios of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rates for 20 Polynucleobacterspp. genomes obtained from geographically diverse isolates. The results indicate purifying selection.
The $\s$-Eulerian polynomials have only real roots
Creators: name: Savage, Carla D.
name: Visontai, Mirkó
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A05, 26C10,

description: We study the roots of generalized Eulerian polynomials via a novel approach. We interpret Eulerian polynomials as the generating polynomials of a statistic over inversion sequences. Inversion sequences (also known as Lehmer codes or subexcedant functions) were recently generalized by Savage and Schuster, to arbitrary sequences $\s$ of positive integers, which they called $\s$-inversion sequences. Our object of study is the generating polynomial of the {\em ascent} statistic over the set of $\s$-inversion sequences of length $n$. Since this ascent statistic over inversion sequences is equidistributed with the descent statistic over permutations we call this generalized polynomial the \emph{$\s$-Eulerian polynomial}. The main result of this paper is that, for any sequence $\s$ of positive integers, the $\s$-Eulerian polynomial has only real roots. This result is first shown to generalize many existing results about the real-rootedness of various Eulerian polynomials. We then show that it can be used to settle a conjecture of Brenti, that Eulerian polynomials for all finite Coxeter groups have only real roots. It is then extended to several $q$-analogs. We also show that the MacMahon--Carlitz $q$-Eulerian polynomial has only real roots whenever $q$ is a positive real number confirming a conjecture of Chow and Gessel. The same holds true for the $(\des,\finv)$-generating polynomials and also for the $(\des,\fmaj)$-generating polynomials for the hyperoctahedral group and the wreath product groups, confirming further conjectures of Chow and Gessel, and Chow and Mansour, respectively.
description: 27 pages, revised version
Luteal Presence and Ovarian Response at the Beginning of a Timed Artificial Insemination Protocol for Lactating Dairy Cows Affect Fertility: A Meta-Analysis
Creators: name: Borchardt, Stefan
name: Pohl, Alina
name: Heuwieser, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: dairy cow
subject: reproductive management
subject: timed artificial insemination
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Progesterone (P4) concentration during follicular growth has a major impact on fertility response in timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocols. Luteal presence at the beginning of a TAI protocol and ovarian response after the first gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) injection (G1) affect P4 concentration and subsequently pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI). A systematic review of the literature and meta-analytical assessment was performed with the objective of evaluating the magnitude of the effect of luteal presence and ovarian response at the beginning of a TAI protocol on P/AI in lactating dairy cows. We considered only studies using synchronisation protocols consisting of GnRH and prostaglandin F (2 alpha). The time interval between G1 and prostaglandin F (2 alpha) (PGF (2 alpha)) had to range from 5 to 7 d. The time interval between the PGF (2 alpha) injection and G2 had to range from 48 to 72 h. We used 28 controlled experiments from 27 published manuscripts including 16,489 cows with the objective of evaluating the effect size of having a functional corpus luteum (CL) at G1 on P/AI. Information regarding ovulatory response after G1 was available for 5676 cows. In a subset of cows (n = 4291), information was available for luteal presence and ovulatory response at the initiation of the TAI protocol. A functional CL at G1 increased (p < 0.001) the relative risk of conceiving (RR (relative risk) = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.21-1.45) in lactating dairy cows. Ovulation after G1 increased (p < 0.001) the relative risk of conceiving (RR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.20-1.38) in lactating dairy cows. The effect of ovulatory response on P/AI after G1 was affected by luteal presence at G1. In summary, there was a clear benefit on P/AI for cows starting a TAI protocol with a functional CL (+10.5 percentage units) and cows ovulating at the beginning of a TAI protocol (+11.0 percentage units).
Optimizing the efficiency of evaporative cooling in optical dipole traps
Creators: name: Olson, Abraham J.
name: Niffenegger, Robert J.
name: Chen, Yong P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a combined computational and experimental study to optimize the efficiency of evaporative cooling for atoms in optical dipole traps. By employing a kinetic model of evaporation, we provide a strategy for determining the optimal relation between atom temperature, trap depth, and average trap frequency during evaporation given experimental initial conditions. We then experimentally implement a highly efficient evaporation process in an optical dipole trap, showing excellent agreement between the theory and experiment. This method has allowed the creation of pure Bose-Einstein condensates of $^{87}$Rb with 2$\times 10^4$ atoms starting from only $5\times 10^5$ atoms initially loaded in the optical dipole trap, achieving an evaporation efficiency, $γ_{eff}$, of 4.0 during evaporation.
description: Update and corrections from version 2
When Grades Are High but Self-Efficacy Is Low: Unpacking the Confidence Gap Between Girls and Boys in Mathematics
Creators: name: Zander, Lysann
name: Höhne, Elisabeth
name: Harms, Sophie
name: Pfost, Maximilian
name: Hornsey, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: self-efficacy beliefs
subject: gender
subject: mathematics
subject: STEM
subject: sources of self-efficacy
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::370 Bildung und Erziehung::370 Bildung und Erziehung

description: Girls have much lower mathematics self-efficacy than boys, a likely contributor to the under-representation of women in STEM. To help explain this gender confidence gap, we examined predictors of mathematics self-efficacy in a sample of 1,007 9th graders aged 13-18 years (54.2% girls). Participants completed a standardized math test, after which they rated three indices of mastery: an affective component (state self-esteem), a meta-cognitive component (self-enhancement), and their prior math grade. Despite having similar grades, girls reported lower mathematics self-efficacy and state self-esteem, and were less likely than boys to self-enhance in terms of performance. Multilevel multiple-group regression analyses showed that the affective mastery component explained girls' self-efficacy while cognitive self-enhancement explained boys'. Yet, a chi-square test showed that both constructs were equally relevant in the prediction of girls' and boys' self-efficacy. Measures of interpersonal sources of self-efficacy were not predictive of self-efficacy after taking the other dimensions into account. Results suggest that boys are advantaged in their development of mathematics self-efficacy beliefs, partly due to more positive feelings and more cognitive self-enhancement following test situations.
GJ 1214b revised. Improved trigonometric parallax, stellar parameters, orbital solution, and bulk properties for the super-Earth GJ 1214b
Creators: name: Anglada-Escudé, Guillem
name: Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara
name: Boss, Alan P.
name: Weinberger, Alycia J.
name: Lloyd, James P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: GJ 1214 is orbited by a transiting super-Earth-mass planet. It is a primary target for ongoing efforts to understand the emerging population of super-Earth-mass planets around M dwarfs. We present new precision astrometric measurements, a re-analysis of HARPS radial velocity measurements, and medium-resolution infrared spectroscopy of GJ 1214. We combine these measurements with recent transit follow-up observations and new catalog photometry to provide a comprehensive update of the star-planet properties. The distance is obtained with 0.6% relative uncertainty using CAPScam astrometry. The new value increases the nominal distance to the star by ~10% and is significantly more precise than previous measurements. Updated Doppler measurements combined with published transit observations significantly refine the constraints on the orbital solution. The analysis of the infrared spectrum and photometry confirm that the star is enriched in metals compared to the Sun. Using all this information, combined with empirical mass-luminosity relations for low mass stars, we derive updated values for the bulk properties of the star-planet system. We also use infrared absolute fluxes to estimate the stellar radius and to re-derive the star-planet properties. Both approaches provide very consistent values for the system. Our analysis shows indicates that the favoured mean density of GJ 1214b is 1.6 +/-0.6 g cm^{-3}. We illustrate how fundamental properties of M dwarfs are of paramount importance in the proper characterization of the low mass planetary candidates orbiting them. Given that the distance is now known to better than 1%, interferometric measurements of the stellar radius, additional high precision Doppler observations, and/or or detection of the secondary transit (occultation), are necessary to further improve the constraints on the GJ 1214 star-planet properties.
description: A&A accepted. 10 pages, 7 figures, 8 tables - A few more astrometric epochs added. Trigonometric parallax refined
Three-Dimensional Solvable Artin Representations Ramified at One Prime
Creators: name: Leshin, Jonah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We classify the possibilities for the fixed field of the kernel of an irreducible three-dimensional Artin representation of $\Q$ with solvable image ramified at one prime by using the classification of the finite irreducible subgroups of $\PGL_3(\C)$. This allows us to bound the number of such representations with given Artin conductor.
Oligo-glycerol based non-ionic amphiphilic nanocarriers for lipase mediated controlled drug release
Creators: name: Parmanand
name: Mittal, Ayushi
name: Singh, Abhishek K.
name: , Aarti
name: Achazi, Katharina
name: Nie, Chuanxiong
name: Haag, Rainer
name: Sharma, Sunil K.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: polymer therapeutics
subject: building-blocks
subject: nanoparticles
subject: delivery
subject: dendrimer
subject: cancer
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: A new class of non-ionic amphiphiles is synthesized using a diaryl derivative of diglycerol as a central core and functionalizing it with long alkyl chains (C-12/C-15) and monomethoxy PEG moiety (M-n: 350/550) by following a chemo-enzymatic approach. The aggregation behavior of the amphiphiles in aqueous medium is studied by using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence spectroscopy, whereas the size and morphology of the aggregates are studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A hydrophobic dye, Nile red and a hydrophobic drug, nimodipine, are used to demonstrate the nano-carrier capability of these non-ionic amphiphilic systems and the results are compared with amphiphilic analogues obtained from the triaryl derivatives of triglycerol. Thein vitrocontrolled release of the encapsulated dye is successfully carried out in the presence of immobilized Candida antarcticalipase (Novozym 435). Furthermore, cytotoxicity data is also collected which suggests that the amphiphiles are suitable for biomedical applications.
Lorentz and CPT Violation in Scalar-Mediated Potentials
Creators: name: Altschul, Brett
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Lorentz- and CPT-violating effective field theories involving scalar and spinor fields, there exist forms of Lorentz violation that modify only the scalar-spinor Yukawa interaction vertices. These affect low-energy fermion and antifermion scattering processes through modifications to the nonrelativistic Yukawa potentials. The modified potentials involve novel combinations of momentum, spin, and Lorentz-violating background tensors.
description: 16 pages
Experimental Investigation on Static and Dynamic Bulk Moduli of Dry and Fluid-Saturated Porous Sandstones
Creators: name: Wang, Lei
name: Rybacki, Erik
name: Bonnelye, Audrey
name: Bohnhoff, Marco
name: Dresen, Georg
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Porous sandstone
subject: Static bulk modulus
subject: Dynamic bulk modulus
subject: Narrow (compliant) cracks
subject: Equant (stiff) pores
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Knowledge of pressure-dependent static and dynamic moduli of porous reservoir rocks is of key importance for evaluating geological setting of a reservoir in geo-energy applications. We examined experimentally the evolution of static and dynamic bulk moduli for porous Bentheim sandstone with increasing confining pressure up to about 190 MPa under dry and water-saturated conditions. The static bulk moduli (K-s) were estimated from stress-volumetric strain curves while dynamic bulk moduli (K-d) were derived from the changes in ultrasonic P- and S- wave velocities (similar to 1 MHz) along different traces, which were monitored simultaneously during the entire deformation. In conjunction with published data of other porous sandstones (Berea, Navajo and Weber sandstones), our results reveal that the ratio between dynamic and static bulk moduli (K-d/K-s) reduces rapidly from about 1.5 - 2.0 at ambient pressure to about 1.1 at high pressure under dry conditions and from about 2.0 - 4.0 to about 1.5 under water-saturated conditions, respectively. We interpret such a pressure-dependent reduction by closure of narrow (compliant) cracks, highlighting thatK(d)/K(s)is positively correlated with the amount of narrow cracks. Above the crack closure pressure, where equant (stiff) pores dominate the void space,K-d/K(s)is almost constant. The enhanced difference between dynamic and static bulk moduli under water saturation compared to dry conditions is possibly caused by high pore pressure that is locally maintained if measured using high-frequency ultrasonic wave velocities. In our experiments, the pressure dependence of dynamic bulk modulus of water-saturated Bentheim sandstone at effective pressures above 5 MPa can be roughly predicted by both the effective medium theory (Mori-Tanaka scheme) and the squirt-flow model. Static bulk moduli are found to be more sensitive to narrow cracks than dynamic bulk moduli for porous sandstones under dry and water-saturated conditions.
Reliability of the Mouse Grimace Scale in C57BL/6JRj Mice
Creators: name: Hohlbaum, Katharina
name: Corte, Giuliano Mario
name: Humpenöder, Melanie
name: Merle, Roswitha
name: Thöne-Reineke, Christa
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: laboratory mice
subject: animal welfare indicators
subject: Mouse Grimace Scale
subject: intraclass correlations coefficient
subject: Fleiss' kappa
subject: Cohen's kappa
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: To maintain and foster the welfare of laboratory mice, tools that reliably measure the current state of the animals are applied in clinical assessment. One of these is the Mouse Grimace Scale (MGS), a coding system for facial expression analysis. Since there are concerns about the objectivity of the MGS, we further investigated its reliability. Four observers (two experienced and two inexperienced in use of the MGS) scored 188 images of 33 female and 31 male C57BL/6JRj mice. Images were generated prior to, 150 min, and two days after ketamine/xylazine anesthesia. The intraclass correlations coefficient (ICC = 0.851) indicated good agreement on total MGS scores between all observers when all three time points were included in the analysis. However, interrater reliability was higher in the early post-anesthetic period (ICC = 0.799) than at baseline (ICC = 0.556) and on day 2 after anesthesia (ICC = 0.329). The best agreement was achieved for orbital tightening, and the poorest agreement for nose and cheek bulge, depending on the observers’ experience levels. In general, experienced observers produced scores of higher consistency when compared to inexperienced. Against this background, we critically discuss factors that potentially influence the reliability of MGS scoring.
Equilibrating temperature-like variables in jammed granular subsystems
Creators: name: Puckett, James G.
name: Daniels, Karen E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although jammed granular systems are athermal, several thermodynamic-like descriptions have been proposed which make quantitative predictions about the distribution of volume and stress within a system and provide a corresponding temperature-like variable. We perform experiments with an apparatus designed to generate a large number of independent, jammed, two-dimensional configurations. Each configuration consists of a single layer of photoelastic disks supported by a gentle layer of air. New configurations are generated by alternately dilating and re-compacting the system through a series of boundary displacements. Within each configuration, a bath of particles surrounds a smaller subsystem of particles with a different inter-particle friction coefficient than the bath. The use of photoelastic particles permits us to find all particle positions as well as the vector forces at each inter-particle contact. By comparing the temperature-like quantities in both systems, we find compactivity (conjugate to the volume) does not equilibrate between the systems, while the angoricity (conjugate to the stress) does. Both independent components of the angoricity are linearly dependent on the hydrostatic pressure, in agreement with predictions of the stress ensemble.
The regional MiKlip decadal prediction system for Europe: Hindcast skill for extremes and user‐oriented variables
Creators: name: Moemken, Julia
name: Feldmann, Hendrik
name: Pinto, Joaquim G.
name: Buldmann, Benjamin
name: Laube, Natalie
name: Kadow, Christopher
name: Paxian, Andreas
name: Tiedje, Bente
name: Kottmeier, Christoph
name: Marotzke, Jochem
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: climate services
subject: Europe
subject: extremes
subject: MiKlip
subject: regional decadal predictions
subject: user needs
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: Regional climate predictions for the next decade are gaining importance, as this period falls within the planning horizon of politics, economy, and society. The potential predictability of climate indices or extremes at the regional scale is of particular interest. The German MiKlip project ("mid-term climate forecast") developed the first regional decadal prediction system for Europe at 0.44 degrees resolution, based on the regional model COSMO-CLM using global MPI-ESM simulations as boundary conditions. We analyse the skill of this regional system focussing on extremes and user-oriented variables. The considered quantities are related to temperature extremes, heavy precipitation, wind impacts, and the agronomy sector. Variables related to temperature (e.g., frost days, heat wave days) show high predictive skill (anomaly correlation up to 0.9) with very little dependence on lead-time, and the skill patterns are spatially robust. The skill patterns for precipitation-related variables (e.g., heavy precipitation days) and wind-based indices (like storm days) are less skilful and more heterogeneous, particularly for the latter. Quantities related to the agronomy sector (e.g., growing degree days) show high predictive skill, comparable to temperature. Overall, we provide evidence that decadal predictive skill can be generally found at the regional scale also for extremes and user-oriented variables, demonstrating how the utility of decadal predictions can be substantially enhanced. This is a very promising first step towards impact-related modelling at the regional scale and the development of individual user-oriented products for stakeholders.
Reciprocity of weighted networks
Creators: name: Squartini, Tiziano
name: Picciolo, Francesco
name: Ruzzenenti, Franco
name: Garlaschelli, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: All types of networks arise as intricate combinations of dyadic building blocks formed by pairs of vertices. In directed networks, the dyadic patterns are entirely determined by reciprocity, i.e. the tendency to form, or to avoid, mutual links. Reciprocity has dramatic effects on every networks dynamical processes and the emergence of structures like motifs and communities. The binary reciprocity has been extensively studied: that of weighted networks is still poorly understood. We introduce a general approach to it, by defining quantities capturing the observed patterns (from dyad-specific to vertex-specific and network-wide) and introducing analytically solved models (Exponential Random Graphs-type). Counter-intuitively, the previous reciprocity measures based on the similarity of the mutual links-weights are uninformative. By contrast, our measures can classify different weighted networks, track the temporal evolution of a networks reciprocity, identify patterns. We show that in some networks the local reciprocity structure can be inferred from the global one.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
ProSUM Urban Mine Knowledge Data Platform - Deliverable 5.7 Note accompanying the EU-UMKDP
Creators: name: WEEE Forum
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Critical Raw Materials (CRMs)
Urban Mine Knowledge Data Platform
Urban Mine Platform
primary and secondary raw materials

description: The ProSUM project delivered the first Urban Mine Knowledge Data Platform, accessible at http://www.urbanmineplatform.eu/, a centralised database of all available data and information on arisings, stocks, flows and treatment of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), end-of-life vehicles (ELVs), batteries and mining wastes.

The aim of this note which accompanies the delivery of the EU – Urban Mining Knowledge Data Platform (the EU-UMKDP) is to provide the end user with a complete, but simplified and accessible overview of the whole system from ‘data collection’ to ‘data publication’ on the Web. Detailed technical approaches have been published in two public reports (Cassard et al., 2016 and Heijboer et al., 2017) accessible on demand. This note focuses on applications running on the top of the Diffusion database and which are the most visible and useful part of the project for the end user. The EU-UMKDP is a stand-alone platform. However it is strongly connected with some other platforms an notably the EU – Minerals Knowledge Data Platform, the EU-MKDP developed in the frame of the Minerals4EU project: The EU-MKDP provides the EU-UMKDP with information related to primary mineral resources and also mining wastes. This latter topic (data model, web service and harvesting) has been improved by ProSUM, thus showing the strong synergy between the two projects. The EU-UMKDP, like other knowledge data platforms (KDPs), will also be connected to the MICA Expert System currently being developed in the H2020 MICA project. This connection will also be presented here as it should reinforce the impact of the information delivered by ProSUM, when it will become operational.