cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Few-photons model of the optical emission of semiconductor quantum dots
Creators: name: Richter, Marten
name: Carmele, Alexander
name: Sitek, Anna
name: Knorr, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Jaynes-Cummings model provides a well established theoretical framework for single electron two level systems in a radiation field. Similar exactly solvable models for semiconductor light emitters such as quantum dots dominated by many particle interactions are not known. We access these systems by a generalized cluster expansion, the photon-probability-cluster-expansion: a reliable approach for few photon dynamics in many body electron systems. As a first application, we discuss vacuum Rabi flopping and show that their amplitude determines the number of electrons in the quantum dot.
description: Paper slightly shortened. Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Pontarachna hinumaensis Imamura 1958
Creators: name: Smit, Harry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Pontarachnidae
Pontarachna
Pontarachna hinumaensis

description: On the identity of Pontarachna hinumaensis Imamura Imamura (1958) described P. hinumaensis from a brackish water marsh in Japan. In his description he pointed on the similarity of this species with P. anellata Sokolov, known from the Sea of Ochotsk (Russian Pacific coast). According to Imamura (1958) differences between the two species can be found in the shape of the posterior apodemes of the fourth coxal plates and in the relatively longer PIV of P. hinumaensis. When comparing the illustrations of both species, they show a striking similarity in the shape and configurations of the wheel­like acetabula: the wheel­like acetabula are very large, a characteristic not found in other Pontarachna species. The length of PIV of the two species is almost the same. Pontarachna anellata is only known from the female sex, and P. hinumaensis only known from the male sex. Within the genus Pontarachna sexual dimorphism can be found in the shape of the posterior apodemes of the fourth coxal plates, as can be seen in the illustrations of P. pacifica by Uchida (1935). The female of P. pacifica has longer apodemes compared to the male, and this is also found in anellata and hinumaensis. The only difference between the two species is the complete suture line of the second and third coxal plates in hinumaensis, but as this is only found on one side, it must be considered more as an anomaly than as a character of this species. Therefore, I consider P. h i n u m a e n s i s a junior synonym of P. anellata.
description: Published as part of Smit, Harry, 2002, Two new species of the water mite family Pontarachnidae (Acari: Hydrachnidia), with a discussion of the taxonomic status of Pontarachna hinumaensis Imamura, pp. 1-8 in Zootaxa 22 on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4619882
description: {"references": ["Imamura T. (1958) Water-mites of marsh Hinuma. Bulletin of the Faculty of Liberal Arts, Ibaraki University, Natural Science, 8, 55 - 59.", "Uchida T. (1935) Marine water mites from Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series VI, Zoology, 4, 183 - 195."]}
Fetus dose calculation during proton therapy of pregnant phantoms using MCNPX and MCNP6.2 codes
Creators: name: De Saint-Hubert, Marijke
name: Tyminska, Katarzyna
name: Stolarczyk, Liliana
name: Brkic, Hrvoje
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiotherapy of pregnant cancer patients is not common, but when applied accurate assessment of the fetus dose is required, especially since the treatment planning systems are not able and do not allow accurate assessment of out-of-field doses. Proton therapy significantly reduces out-of-field doses, such as dose to the fetus, when compared to the photon radiotherapy techniques and as such could be promising for pregnant cancer patients. Within this study Monte Carlo calculations are performed on the three different computational phantoms representing pregnant women, all in second trimester of pregnancy. Simplified proton beam to the pregnant women brain was modelled, and the total dose equivalent (normalized per target dose) to the fetus was calculated. Between MCNPX and MCNP6.2 code versions we observed up to 6% difference. In this work 3 groups participated and the variation between the groups was 8% and 12% for MCNPX and MCNP6.2, respectively. Depending on the phantom used in the calculations the fetal dose was between 0.4 and 0.8 μSv/Gy. Major contribution to the total dose came from the neutrons, with only 20% of the dose coming from photons, while other particles have negligible contributions. Results of the total dose equivalent differ by factor of two, when different phantoms were used, due to geometrical and anatomical characteristics of mother and fetus position.
description: 18 pager, 3 figures, 6 tables plus 2 supplemental tables
Twistor transform of all tree amplitudes in N=4 SYM theory
Creators: name: Korchemsky, G. P.
name: Sokatchev, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform the twistor (half-Fourier) transform of all tree n-particle superamplitudes in N=4 SYM and show that it has a transparent geometric interpretation. We find that the N^kMHV amplitude is supported on a set of (2k+1) intersecting lines in twistor space and demonstrate that the corresponding line moduli form a lightlike (2k+1)-gon in moduli space. This polygon is triangulated into two kinds of lightlike triangles lying in different planes. We formulate simple graphical rules for constructing the triangulated polygons, from which the analytic expressions of the N^kMHV amplitudes follow directly, both in twistor and in momentum space. We also discuss the ordinary and dual conformal properties and the cancellation of spurious singularities in twistor space.
description: 46 pages, 17 figures
Organic-iron removal from water supplies
Creators: name: Wetter, Robert Dale
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The purpose of the study was to determine if resins or activated carbon presently used to remove organic color from water supplies would also remove organically bound iron. The resins studied were Amberlite IRA 904, Duolite S-37, Dowex 11 and Amberlite IRA 498. The activated carbon used was Atlas Darco. Solutions of fulvic acid, fulvic acid-iron and humic acid-iron were passed through the resin columns. Amberlite IRA 904, Duolite S-37 and Atlas Darco activated carbon effectively removed (100$ removal) fulvlc acid but little fulvic acid-iron or humic acid-iron (35% and 5% respectively) . Dowex 11 and Amberlite IRA 498 were less effective in removing fulvic acid than IRA 904, Duolite S-37 and activated carbon, and would not remove fulvic acid-iron or humic acid-iron. A simple test for organically bound iron was developed and it was found that iron-organic interactions were time dependent. Humic acid-iron reactions were very quick (approximately 4 hours) while fulvic acid-iron reactions were much slower (15 days required for 57% of the iron to be strongly bound). It was found that a strongly bound fulvic acid-iron solution acts very much like a humic acid-iron solution precipitating at a pH of less than 4.7 and that the color increases considerably as the solution ages and the organic-iron binding becomes stronger.
Datensouveränität für Verbraucher:innen: Technische Ansätze durch KI-basierte Transparenz und Auskunft im Kontext der DSGVO
Creators: name: Grünewald, Elias
name: Pallas, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A sufficient level of data sovereignty is extremely difficult for consumers in practice. The EU General Data Protection Regulation guarantees comprehensive data subject rights, which must be implemented by responsible controllers through technical and organizational measures. Traditional approaches, such as the provision of lengthy data protection declarations or the downloading of raw personal data without further assistance, do not meet the requirements of informational self-determination. The new technical approaches outlined below, in particular AI-based transparency and access modalities, demonstrate the practicability of effective and versatile mechanisms. For this purpose, the relevant transparency information is extracted in a semi-automated way, represented in a machine-readable format, and then played out via diverse channels such as virtual assistants or the enrichment of search results. --- Hinreichende Datensouveränität gestaltet sich für Verbraucher:innen in der Praxis als äußerst schwierig. Die Europäische Datenschutzgrundverordnung garantiert umfassende Betroffenenrechte, die von verantwortlichen Stellen durch technisch-organisatorische Maßnahmen umzusetzen sind. Traditionelle Vorgehensweisen wie die Bereitstellung länglicher Datenschutzerklärungen oder der ohne weitere Hilfestellungen angebotene Download von personenbezogenen Rohdaten werden dem Anspruch der informationellen Selbstbestimmung nicht gerecht. Die im Folgenden aufgezeigten neuen technischen Ansätze insbesondere KI-basierter Transparenz- und Auskunftsmodalitäten zeigen die Praktikabilität wirksamer und vielseitiger Mechanismen. Hierzu werden die relevanten Transparenzangaben teilautomatisiert extrahiert, maschinenlesbar repräsentiert und anschließend über diverse Kanäle wie virtuelle Assistenten oder die Anreicherung von Suchergebnissen ausgespielt.
description: In German, appears in "Schriften der Verbraucherinformatik 2021". Original publication: https://pub.h-brs.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/6021
title: Effect of Short Duration Grazing on Soil Moisture Depletion and Plant Water Status in a Crested Wheatgrass Pasture
Creators: name: Wraith, Jon M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1986

description: A short duration grazing system was utilized to determine the effects of intensive periodic defoliation during spring on soil moisture depletion patterns and plant water status in a crested wheatgrass (Agropvron cristatum and A. desertorum) pasture in central Utah. Exclosures were constructed to compare grazed and ungrazed responses. Soil moisture was monitored to a depth of 193 cm at one to two week intervals from mid-April to late-September using a neutron moisture gauge. Predawn and midday leaf water potentials were estimated using a pressure chamber technique. The two paddocks included in the study were grazed three times between mid-April and mid-June in 1985. A difference in time of grazing between the two paddocks was also examined for its effect on soil moisture depletion patterns and plant water status. Soil moisture was depleted at a higher rate within ungrazed plots than grazed plots during 13 April to 1 July in both paddocks. Soil moisture was depleted at a higher rate after 1 July in grazed compared to ungrazed plots in the early-grazed paddock; however, no difference in soil moisture depletion rate was noted after 1 July within the late-grazed paddock. Total cumulative depletion was greater within ungrazed plots than grazed plots in the early-grazed paddock from 6 June until 13 August, and from 23 May until 30 July in the late-grazed paddock. During the pre-July period, soil moisture was depleted more rapidly in the upper- and mid-portions of the soil profile in ungrazed plots. By 25 September there was no difference in total soil water depletion ' through 53 cm between grazed and ungrazed treatments, but ungrazed plots extracted relatively more water in the mid- and lower-portions of the soil profile. Grazing had no effect on predawn leaf water potentials prior to 1 July, but predawn leaf water potentials were lower for ungrazed plants than for grazed plants after 1 July. Midday leaf water potentials were lower for grazed plants than for ungrazed plants before 1 July, but did not differ between grazed and ungrazed plants after 1 July. Time of grazing had no effect on either predawn or midday leaf water potentials.
title: Autecological and Grazing Control Studies of Dyers Woad (Isatis tinctoria L.) on Northern Utah Rangelands
Creators: name: Farah, Kassim O.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1987

description: Dyers woad (Isatis tinctoria L.) is a noxious weed on northern Utah rangelands. Chemical and mechanical means of control are unsuitable for rangelands. A potential alternative, biological control, is difficult due to a lack of basic ecological information. To remedy this, some aspects of the population biology and autecolgy of dyers woad were studied. The feasibility of controlling dyers woad by early spring grazing was also investigated via clipping experiments. A population study followed the survivorship of experimentally established populations over two years. Fall germinating individuals (1984) overwintered as rosettes twice and all survivors reproduced successfully. Spring germinating individuals (1985) overwintered as rosettes only once and 87% seeded the subsequent spring. Thus, on a good condition {high seral) foothill rangeland, dyers woad behaved predominantly as a biennial. Peak mortality in both fall and spring populations coincided with summer drought. The population size of dyers woad was constricted at two stages: (i) germination and establishment, and (ii) young rosette. The risk of mortality mortality in young rosettes was 77%. Dyers woad should be targeted for biological control at this vulnerable stage of growth. The seed dispersal pattern of dyers woad was best described by a negative exponential model of the type logy= a+ bx; (r = .78, a= 1.92, and b = -0.02). Ninety-five percent of a11 fruits were deposited within 54cm of mother plants. The root system of dyers woad was predominantly a taproot with some lateral sin the upper 30cm of the soil. There was little difference between mapped taproot and total mapped root lengths of rosette and mature plants. Significant mortality and reduction in reproductive performance occurred only by clipping, on or after 23 May 1984, at 60% or 90% intensity. Clipping twice, at either intensity, before 23 May had no effect on dyers woad. Sheep utilization of dyers woad ceased after mid-May, and had no significant effect on its mortality, percent flowering, and fruit production. Sheep grazing on dyers woad did not occur when much impact on mortality or seed production could be expected. The stocking re qui red to restrict dyers woad will result in range deterioration. More host-specific biological control agents should be tried.
Deep kiloparsec view of the molecular gas in a massive star-forming galaxy at cosmic noon
Creators: name: Arriagada-Neira, Sebastián
name: Herrera-Camus, Rodrigo
name: Villanueva, Vicente
name: Schreiber, Natascha M. Förster
name: Lee, Minju
name: Bolatto, Alberto
name: Chen, Jianhang
name: Genzel, Reinhard
name: Liu, Daizhong
name: Renzini, Alvio
name: Tacconi, Linda J.
name: Tozzi, Giulia
name: Übler, Hannah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present deep ($\sim$ 20 hr), high-angular resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the $\rm CO ~ (4-3)$ and $\rm [CI] ~ (1-0)$ transitions, along with the rest-frame 630 $μ$m dust continuum, in BX610 --a massive, main-sequence galaxy at the peak epoch of cosmic star formation $(z = 2.21)$. Combined with deep Very Large Telescope (VLT) SINFONI observations of the H$α$ line, we characterize the molecular gas and star formation activity on kiloparsec scales. Our analysis reveals that the excitation of the molecular gas, as traced by the $L'_{\rm CO ~ (4-3)} / L'_{\rm [CI] ~ (1-0)}$ line luminosity ratio, decreases with increasing galactocentric radius. While the line luminosity ratios in the outskirts are similar to those typically found in main-sequence galaxies at $z \sim 1$, the ratios in the central regions of BX610 are comparable to those observed in local starbursts. There is also a giant extra-nuclear star-forming clump in the southwest of BX610 that exhibits high star formation activity, molecular gas abundance, and molecular gas excitation. Furthermore, the central region of BX610 is rich in molecular gas $(M_{\rm mol} / M_{\rm \star} \approx 1)$; however, at the current level of star formation activity, such molecular gas is expected to be depleted in $\sim$ 450 Myr. This, along with recent evidence for rapid inflow toward the center, suggests that BX610 may be experiencing an evolutionary phase often referred to as wet compaction, which is expected to lead to central gas depletion and subsequent inside-out quenching of star formation activity.
description: Submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics. 09 pages, 05 figures
Super-Dense Matter at Super- Strong Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Ferrer, Efrain J.
name: de la Incera, Vivian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our Universe is full of regions where extreme physical conditions are realized. A most intriguing case is the super-dense core of neutron stars, some of which also have super-strong magnetic fields, hence called magnetars. In this paper we review the current understanding of the physical properties of the different phases of quark matter at very high densities in the presence of large magnetic fields. We also discuss how the Meissner instability produced at moderate densities by a pairing stress due to the medium neutrality and $β$-equilibrium constraints can lead to the spontaneous generation of a magnetic field.
description: Talk given at the 4th International Workshop on the Dark Side of the Universe, Egypt, 1st-5th June, 2008. One new reference added
The influence of nuclear models and Monte Carlo radiation transport codes on stray neutron dose estimations in proton therapy
Creators: name: De Saint-Hubert, M.
name: Farah, J.
name: Klodowska, M.
name: Romero-Exposito, M. T.
name: Tyminska, K.
name: Mares, V.
name: Olko, P.
name: Stolarczyk, L
name: Trinkl, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study investigates the influence of several Monte Carlo radiation transport codes and nuclear models on the simulation of secondary neutron spectra and its impact on calculating and measuring neutron doses in proton therapy. Three different multi-purpose Monte Carlo radiation transport codes (FLUKA, MCNPX, Geant4) were used with different available nuclear models to calculate secondary neutron energy spectra at various points inside a water tank phantom with PMMA walls using a 10 cm x 10 cm rectangular, mono-energetic proton beam (110, 150, 180, and 210 MeV). Using Kerma approximation secondary neutron doses were calculated applying fluence-to-dose equivalent conversion coefficients in water. Moreover, the impact of varying spectra for electrochemically etched CR39 detector calibration was analyzed for different codes and models. In distal positions beyond the Bragg peak, results show largest variations between the codes, up to 53% for the high energy neutron fluence at 16 cm from the Bragg peak of the 110 MeV proton beam. In lateral positions, the variation between the codes is smaller and for the total neutron fluence within 20%. Variation in the nuclear models in MCNPX was only visible for the proton beam energies of 180 and 210 MeV and modeling the high energy neutron fluence which reached up to 23% for 210 MeV at 11 cm lateral from the beam axis. Impact on neutron dose equivalent was limited for the different models used (<8%) while it was pronounced for the different codes (45% at 16 cm from the Bragg peak of the 110 MeV proton beam). CR39 calibration factors in lateral positions were on average varying 10% between codes and 5 % between nuclear models.This study demonstrated a large impact on the neutron fluence spectra calculated by different codes while the impact of different models in MCNPX proved to be less prominent for the neutron modeling in proton therapy.
description: 30 pages, 4 figures, 8 tables, accepted for publication in Radiation Measurements
Crossed Andreev reflection and charge imbalance in diffusive NSN structures
Creators: name: Golubev, D. S.
name: Kalenkov, M. S.
name: Zaikin, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate a microscopic theory of non-local electron transport in three-terminal diffusive normal-superconducting-normal (NSN) structures with arbitrary interface transmissions. At low energies $\varepsilon$ we predict strong enhancement of non-local spectral conductance $g_{12} \propto 1/\varepsilon$ due to quantum interference of electrons in disordered N-terminals. In contrast, non-local resistance $R_{12}$ remains smooth at small $\varepsilon$ and, furthermore, is found to depend neither on parameters of NS interfaces nor on those of N-terminals. At higher temperatures $R_{12}$ exhibits a peak caused by the trade-off between charge imbalance and Andreev reflection. Our results are in a good agreement with recent experimental observations and can be used for quantitative analysis of future experiments.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Kinetics of cellulase-free endo xylanase hyper-synthesis by Aspergillus Niger using wheat bran as a potential solid substrate
Creators: name: Ali, Sikander
name: Noor, Pakeeza
name: Ahmad, Muhammad Usman
name: Khan, Qaiser Farid
name: William, Kaynat
name: Liaqat, Iram
name: Shah, Tawaf Ali
name: Alsahli, Abdulaziz Abdullah
name: Younous, Youssouf Ali
name: Bourhia, Mohammed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1.
On transverse momentum broadening in real-time lattice simulations of the glasma and in the weak-field limit
Creators: name: Ipp, Andreas
name: Müller, David I.
name: Schuh, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In these proceedings, we report on our numerical lattice simulations of partons traversing the boost-invariant, non-perturbative glasma as created at the early stages of collisions at RHIC and LHC. Since these highly energetic partons are produced from hard scatterings during heavy-ion collisions, they are already affected by the first stage of the medium's time evolution, the glasma, which is the pre-equilibrium precursor state of the quark-gluon plasma. We find that partons quickly accumulate transverse momentum up to the saturation momentum during the glasma stage. Moreover, we observe an interesting anisotropy in transverse momentum broadening of partons with larger broadening in the rapidity than in the azimuthal direction. Its origin can be related to correlations among the longitudinal color-electric and color-magnetic flux tubes in the initial state of the glasma. We compare these observations to the semi-analytic results obtained by a weak-field approximation, where we also find such an anisotropy in a parton's transverse momentum broadening.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, submitted to vConf2021 conference proceedings
Semantically Safe Robot Manipulation: From Semantic Scene Understanding to Motion Safeguards
Creators: name: Brunke, Lukas
name: Zhang, Yanni
name: Römer, Ralf
name: Naimer, Jack
name: Staykov, Nikola
name: Zhou, Siqi
name: Schoellig, Angela P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ensuring safe interactions in human-centric environments requires robots to understand and adhere to constraints recognized by humans as "common sense" (e.g., "moving a cup of water above a laptop is unsafe as the water may spill" or "rotating a cup of water is unsafe as it can lead to pouring its content"). Recent advances in computer vision and machine learning have enabled robots to acquire a semantic understanding of and reason about their operating environments. While extensive literature on safe robot decision-making exists, semantic understanding is rarely integrated into these formulations. In this work, we propose a semantic safety filter framework to certify robot inputs with respect to semantically defined constraints (e.g., unsafe spatial relationships, behaviors, and poses) and geometrically defined constraints (e.g., environment-collision and self-collision constraints). In our proposed approach, given perception inputs, we build a semantic map of the 3D environment and leverage the contextual reasoning capabilities of large language models to infer semantically unsafe conditions. These semantically unsafe conditions are then mapped to safe actions through a control barrier certification formulation. We demonstrate the proposed semantic safety filter in teleoperated manipulation tasks and with learned diffusion policies applied in a real-world kitchen environment that further showcases its effectiveness in addressing practical semantic safety constraints. Together, these experiments highlight our approach's capability to integrate semantics into safety certification, enabling safe robot operation beyond traditional collision avoidance.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
title: Modeling Forest Dynamics Based on Stand Level Resource Allocation
Creators: name: Poole, Geoffrey Candler
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1989

description: An ecologically based model of forest succession is presented. In the model, trees compete for a share of limited growth resources available from their environment. Competition is reflected by each tree's effect on the resource pool and is not explicitly modeled. Model parameters were fit to field data from subalpine forests of the Rocky Mountains. A technique for estimating model parameters from understory-tolerance rankings and silvical characteristics of each species is also presented. The model's output was consistent with our current understanding of forest dynamics. Emergent properties of the model also mimicked natural processes such as self-thinning, release, and maximum stand basal area as a function of species present and site quality.
The interpretation of fictional violence represented in illustrated books by Australian and Ukrainian gatekeepers of children's literature in educational contexts
Creators: name: Pavlyshyn, Halyna
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis explores perceptions of violence in picturebooks by children's literature gatekeepers in educational settings. The main aims of the study are to better understand how controversial picturebooks are selected and curated by teachers, librarians and parents. The research participants are teachers and librarians from Australia and Ukraine. The research is informed by grounded theory methodology. The research methods include interviews, and thematic analysis of the interviews. The findings reveal that gatekeepers of children's literature in Australian and Ukrainian contexts follow a complex and often semi-conscious decision-making process when selecting picturebooks for children. This process can be explored through child-centred, book-centred, and contextual dimensions. The gatekeepers pay attention to the levels of maturity and sensitivity of young readers, to picturebook genres, characters and settings which create different levels of fictionality and to illustrations. In addition, they consider the place and purpose of violence within picturebooks, the mode of reading used for a selected picturebook, and the context. When sharing controversial books with children, preferred modes of reading are classroom discussion with empathetic teachers and family reading with parents. Furthermore, the decisions are influenced by the gatekeepers' cultural backgrounds. In the process of picturebook selection, the role of teachers seems to be more significant in Australia, whereas parental authority seems to be greater in Ukraine. In summary, the research shows that teachers, librarians and parents make complex decisions to select what they deem to be appropriate reading for children and use a range of strategies to curate picturebooks representing violence.
Additional file 2 of γ-Aminobutyric acid type A receptor β1 subunit gene polymorphisms are associated with the sedative and amnesic effects of midazolam
Creators: name: Kosaki, Yoshihiko
name: Nishizawa, Daisuke
name: Hasegawa, Junko
name: Yoshida, Kaori
name: Ikeda, Kazutaka
name: Ichinohe, Tatsuya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 2
The Nernst effect and the boundaries of the Fermi liquid picture
Creators: name: Behnia, Kamran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following the observation of an anomalous Nernst signal in cuprates, the Nernst effect was explored in a variety of metals and superconductors during the past few years. This paper reviews the results obtained during this exploration, focusing on the Nernst response of normal quasi-particles as opposed to the one generated by superconducting vortices or by short-lived Cooper pairs. Contrary to what has been often assumed, the so-called Sondheimer cancelation does not imply a negligible Nernst response in a Fermi liquid. In fact, the amplitude of the Nernst response measured in various metals in the low-temperature limit is scattered over six orders of magnitude. According to the data, this amplitude is roughly set by the ratio of electron mobility to Fermi energy in agreement with the implications of the semi-classical transport theory.
description: Final version, Topical review for JPCM
Additional file 7 of Parental migration, socioeconomic deprivation and hospital admissions in preschool children in England: national birth cohort study, 2008 to 2014
Creators: name: Lewis, Kate M.
name: Burns, Rachel
name: Cortina-Borja, Mario
name: Heilmann, Anja
name: Macfarlane, Alison
name: Nath, Selina
name: Salway, Sarah M.
name: Saxena, Sonia
name: Villarroel-Williams, Nazmy
name: Viner, Russell
name: Hardelid, Pia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Developmental Biology
Marine Biology
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Additional file 7. Secondary outcome results (Tables S13-S16). Table S13 – Observed rates. Table S14—Estimated rates by maternal region of birth. Table S15 – Estimated rates by maternal country of birth. Table S16 – Estimated rates by parental migration status.
Many-Body Entanglement: a New Application of the Full Counting Statistics
Creators: name: Klich, Israel
name: Levitov, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement entropy is a measure of quantum correlations between separate parts of a many-body system, which plays an important role in many areas of physics. Here we review recent work in which a relation between this quantity and the Full Counting Statistics description of electron transport was established for noninteracting fermion systems. Using this relation, which is of a completely general character, we discuss how the entanglement entropy can be directly measured by detecting current fluctuations in a driven quantum system such as a quantum point contact.
description: 8 pgs, 4 fgs
title: Management, Foraging Behavior, Diet Composition and Forage Quality of Free-Ranging But Herded Camels in Ceeldheer District, Central Somalia
Creators: name: Elmi, Ahmed A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1989

description: In Somalia, camel (Camelus dromedarius) survivability and milk production has been higher than for other domestic livestock and contributes substantially to the subsistence of Somali pastoralists. The objective of this research was to study management, foraging behavior and nutrition of camels in their natural habitat to determine how production continues under seasonal nutritional stress.
Management systems of Ceeldheer pastoralists are based on available natural pasture and water. The natural rotation grazing system maintained an ecological equilibrium in the District.
Pastoralists manipulate their herds to suit existing environmental conditions, family needs and labor availability for herding. In herd management, control of breeding males and preferential treatment to increase the female component of the herd are geared to secure continuous milk supply for the family.
Camels were watered only in the dry seasons. They foraged continuously throughout the day the first few days after watering, but foraged mostly in the morning and evening as watering days approached. The quantity of water camels consumed in summer and winter dry seasons were similar.
In winter, milking camels foraged more, travelled shorter distance and rested less than dry ones. In fall, 1986, and spring, 1987, lactating camels spent less time foraging than non-milking animals. Foraging time was the same for both groups in summer 1986, 1987 and fall, 1987. Camels spent more time chewing bones in summer of 1986 in Xarar foraging area than other seasons. Low or high relative humidity together with hot temperature apparently reduced foraging time, increased rumination and idling times in winter and spring seasons.
As forage availability declined, camels ingested a broader array of dietary items in the dry seasons and consumed large amounts of herbaceous plants. The diets of milking and dry camels were similar. Lactating camels consumed more green forage than dry camels in the dry seasons. Shrubs and trees comprised major components of the diets (80.9%). Physical structures of plant species did not prevent feeding on the plants.
Camel diets were rich in crude protein (cp), calcium (Ca), potassiuim and sodium. Phosphorus (P) was deficient. Ca:P ratios were extremely low. Neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin were high. CP intake seemed adequate year round assuming camel protein requirements are similar to other livestock requirements. Digestible energy was deficient in dry seasons. Low energy intake, inadequate phosphorous availability and water deprivation were probably responsible for the weight loss of camels as the dry season progressed.
title: Factors Affecting the Sprouting Response of Woody Caatinga Species and Their Implications for Improved Caatinga Management
Creators: name: Hardesty, Linda Howell
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1987

description: In northeast Brazil grazing is a major use of much of the semiarid woodlands (caatinga). Animal production is limited by lack of dry season forage, primarily deciduous tree leaves. Management is constrained by the persistence of undesirable trees that sprout from the stump (coppice). This study evaluates the possibility of manipulating coppicing trees to improve caatinga management, particularly dry season forage production. The season of cutting can influence coppicing. Trees were cut early and late in the wet and dry seasons. After two years, trees of all species cut in the late wet season produced less biomass than those cut in other seasons. Production of most species was maximized by cutting in the dry season. Desirable species should be cut during the dry season to maximize production and less desirable ones in the late rainy season to reduce coppicing. Seasonal cutting does not cause mortality, nor can it cause any prolonged change in the leaf: stem ratio. Another study quantifies the response to defoliation of coppice growth by goat browsing or manual removal. The palatable browse species sabia and catingueira suffered no mortality while less palatable species experienced significant mortality. One year after defoliation, defoliated trees still produced less biomass than non-defoliated trees. Browsed stumps sprouted again during the dry season. Changes in the abscission phenology of coppice growth were observed. Coppice growth retained leaves from 2 to 12 weeks longer than intact trees of the same species. Regrowth on browsed stumps remained green for the duration of the S month dry season. Delaying abscission regulates the availability of dry season forage, and has implications for animal production that merit further investigation. Coppice growth can be manipulated to change the species composition of the regenerating stand, improve seasonal forage balance, and reduce site disturbance. Changing from even-aged to uneven-aged management might facilitate these changes. Prospects for improving wood production are better than animal production because of the limits imposed by mixed production systems, land tenure, and human population growth.
title: Utilization of Crested Wheatgrass Plants by Cattle Under Several Grazing Regimes
Creators: name: Johnson, Patricia Selann
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1987

description: Patterns of grazing on individual crested wheatgrass plants were studied using scale maps of plant basal outlines within randomly located plots. The occurrence and extent (part of plant grazed, stubble height) of grazing on each plant was recorded on the maps at two and three day intervals throughout a grazing treatment. Allometric equations for estimating phytomass from plant photosynthetic volume were generated using nonlinear regression analysis. Equations were specific to year. The percent weight remaining in the stubble of a grazed plant was estimated using a second-order polynomial equation relating cumulative percent plant height to cumulative percent plant weight. A modified bootstrap analysis was used due to the autocorrelated nature of these data. These equations were used to estimate the percent biomass grazed from individual plants. The presence of standing dead culms substantially reduced the severity of grazing on individual crested wheatgrass plants. This effect was most pronounced for large plants. The deterrence effect of xiii standing dead culms declined as plants matured, but remained an important factor affecting grazing severity. The pattern of grazing on crested wheatgrass plants was examined under three grazing systems: 1) continuous season-long grazing (CSLG), 2) high intensity grazing (approximately 60 percent utilization in eight days), and 3) short duration grazing. For all grazing treatments, a lower proportion of small plants was grazed than medium and large. Only under CSLG were small plants grazed more severely than large plants. Under all ocher grazing treatments, medium and large plants were grazed as severely as small plants. The proportion of plants regrazed was low when grazing began at the boot phenological stage and regrowth was minimal. It was higher when grazing began at later phenological stages , presumably due to the presence of regrowth. The proportion of small grazed plants that were regrazed was much lower than the proportion of large grazed plants that were regrazed. The re grazing event, however, involved, on average, more of the previously ungrazed portion of a plant than the part which had been grazed before. These results indicate that grazing of regrowth on crested wheatgrass pastures under CSLG may not be a serious problem.
Atomistic simulations of the sliding friction of graphene flakes
Creators: name: Bonelli, Federico
name: Manini, Nicola
name: Cadelano, Emiliano
name: Colombo, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a tight-binding atomistic simulation, we simulate the recent atomic-force microscopy experiments probing the slipperiness of graphene flakes made slide against a graphite surface. Compared to previous theoretical models, where the flake was assumed to be geometrically perfect and rigid, while the substrate is represented by a static periodic potential, our fully-atomistic model includes quantum mechanics with the chemistry of bond breaking and bond formation, and the flexibility of the flake. These realistic features, include in particular the crucial role of the flake rotation in determining the static friction, in qualitative agreement with experimental observations.
description: 10 pages
title: Causes of Seeding Failure within the Tooele Fire Rehabilitation Project in Northwestern Utah
Creators: name: Murphy, Jeffrey S.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1987

description: The original purpose of this study was to examine the influences of ecological site, seeding method and planting season on rangeland seeding success within the Tooele Fire Rehabilitation Project (TFRP) in northwestern Utah. The major objective of the TFRP, designed by the USDI Bureau of Land Management, was to establish a permanent cover of 'Nordan' crested wheatgrass (Aqropyron desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Schultes), 'Luna' pubescent wheat grass (Thinopyrum intermedium ssp. barbulatum (Schur) Barkw. and D. R. Dewey) and 'Al kar' tall wheatqrass (Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Barkw. and D. R. Dewey) on approximately 20,000 ha of rangeland burned by a wildfire in July 1983. Thirteen combinations of site, method and planting season were identified within the study area; each was treated as an experimental unit. There were no significant differences (Pi0.05) in seedling densities between these treatment combinations. Means ranged from O to 1.9 seedlings/m2. There was significant variation (Pi0.05) among seedling densities within each treatment combination. Because of low seedling densities and non-uniform seedling establishment patterns, seedings within the study area were failures. Study effort was redirected to identify the causes of seeding failure. viii Among planting seasons and seeding methods, spring plantings and broadcast seeding contributed to failure. Most sites within the study area were suitable for seeding, with the exception of desert shallow loam. This site should not have been seeded because of steep topography and shallow soil. Planting during spring, broadcast seeding and the seeding of low potential sites explained only localized failure, however. The absence of crested wheatgrass seedlings within the study area was a major factor contributing to failure. Only two crested wheatgrass plants were found on a total of 195 permanently established transects. Of the three species seeded, crested wheatgrass was the best adapted to site conditions. Seeding technique was considered the most important factor causing failure. Contract workers on the project had no rangeland seeding experience. Drills were not properly equipped to control seed placement at the proper soil depth. Seeding was done during periods when site conditions were unfavorable. There was no evidence suggesting weather, grasshopper damage or cheatgrass competition caused failure.
Additional file 1 of γ-Aminobutyric acid type A receptor β1 subunit gene polymorphisms are associated with the sedative and amnesic effects of midazolam
Creators: name: Kosaki, Yoshihiko
name: Nishizawa, Daisuke
name: Hasegawa, Junko
name: Yoshida, Kaori
name: Ikeda, Kazutaka
name: Ichinohe, Tatsuya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Exoplanets in the Galactic context: Planet occurrence rates in the thin disk, thick disk and stellar halo of Kepler stars
Creators: name: Bashi, Dolev
name: Zucker, Shay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to gain a better understanding of planet formation and evolution, it is important to examine the statistics of exoplanets in the Galactic context. By combining information on stellar elemental abundances and kinematics, we constructed separate samples of Kepler stars according to their affiliation to the Galactic components of thin disk, thick disk and stellar halo. Using a Bayesian analysis with conjugate priors, we then investigated how planet occurrence rates differ in different regions of planet properties. We find that young, slow and metal-rich stars, associated mainly with the thin disk, host on average more planets (especially close-in super Earths) compared to the old, fast and metal-poor thick disk stars. We further assess the dependence between stellar properties such as spectral type and metallicity, and planet occurrence rates. The trends we find agree with those found by other authors as well. We argue that in the Galactic context, these are probably not the main properties that affect planet occurrence rates, but rather the dynamical history of stars, and especially stellar age and kinematics, impact the current distribution of planets in the Galaxy.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 2 of Dissemination of colorectal cancer information among Hispanic patients and their social network
Creators: name: Ko, Linda K.
name: Jang, Sou Hyun
name: Rodriguez, Edgar
name: Buta, Miruna
name: Ibarra, Genoveva
name: Reuland, Daniel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 2: Appendix B: The intervention brochure.
Torsional structural response during earthquake excitations
Creators: name: Mackenzie, James Ronald
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A structure exhibits a torsional response when subjected to an earthquake excitation. This response depends on the beating phenomenon and the eccentricity in an unsyitmetrical structure. A symmetrical structure may also exhibit a torsional response if a rotational earthquake excitation is present. A limit on the torsional response spectrum for an earthquake is determined. The importance of beating and of eccentricities are discussed in reference to the National Building Code.