cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Portraying the Canada-United States relationship in social studies texts
Creators: name: Seney, Bruce Everett
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The relationship between Canada and the United States is the focus of many accounts in Canadian social studies textbooks. A variety of topics highlighting different themes of the relationship are exhibited in numerous secondary school textbooks. However, it is postulated the accounts of Canada's relations with the United States are singular thematic in format and nation-centric in approach. The study develops a framework of analysis that first, enables a binary decision of the overall prevalence of a singular thematic format or a multiplictic approach pertaining to textbooks. The term multiplictic refers to the multiplicity of points of view about a topic of study. The approach presents a number of different themes that helps explain the complexity of the relationship. A multiplictic method would utilize diverse viewpoints about issues representative of the relationship. A second feature of the framework is that it provides a more detailed assessment of the perspective evident in five issue areas central to the relationship. To assess each issue area as being nation-centric or multiplictic, three determinants are used to interpret how the Canada-United States relationship is portrayed. The determinants used to analyse the single or multiple themes are: the existence of a nation-centric perspective; the usage of rhetoric describing the relationship; and the preponderance of singular thematic judgments. Profiles of five issue areas that represent the Canada-United States relationship are evaluated in fifteen Canadian social studies textbooks. The five issue areas are: cultural issues, defence issues, environmental issues, foreign ownership issues, and trade issues. Results of the study indicate that fifty-two of the fifty-seven profiles analysed have a tendency of being singular thematic and nation-centric in perspective. Also, nine of the fifteen textbooks examined show a tendency to be negative in their description of the Canada-United States relationship. These findings suggest that portrayals of the Canada-United States relationship in textbooks fosters an autarkist mentality. Such a perception of Canada's relationship with the United States would appear to focus on Canadian survival in a global context instead of enhancing student understanding of internationally-oriented issues. The exploratory study reveals an underlying trend in textbooks concerned with the Canada-United States relationship that is significant to a variety of audiences including scholars and educators interested in the study and teaching of Canadian-American relations and publishers responsible for developing appropriate classroom materials.
Various Results on the Collatz Conjecture
Creators: name: Kuznetsov, Igor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Collatz Conjecture
Solution Shortcuts
Sixth
Half
Results

description: This paper describes some few results concerning the unsolved problem of Collatz Conjecture. The document contains a resolution of what appears to be a sixth and also a half of the beforementioned conjecture, a small number of potential shortcuts to different parts of the question and different equivalences/reformulations of the conjecture in regard to all the other statements presented.
description: Author's mail: kuznetzovigor2007@gmail.com
Modular symmetry and zeros in magnetic compactifications
Creators: name: Tatsuta, Yoshiyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the modular symmetry and zeros of zero-mode wave functions on two-dimensional torus $T^2$ and toroidal orbifolds $T^2/\mathbb{Z}_N$ ($N=2,3,4,6$) with a background homogeneous magnetic field. As is well-known, magnetic flux contributes to the index in the Atiyah-Singer index theorem. The zeros in magnetic compactifications therefore play an important role, as investigated in a series of recent papers. Focusing on the zeros and their positions, we study what type of boundary conditions must be satisfied by the zero modes after the modular transformation. The consideration in this paper justifies that the boundary conditions are common before and after the modular transformation.
description: 21 pages, 1 figure, clarifications and references added
Entangled Quantum Key Distribution Over Two Free-Space Optical Links
Creators: name: Erven, C.
name: Couteau, C.
name: Laflamme, R.
name: Weihs, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the first real-time implementation of a quantum key distribution (QKD) system using entangled photon pairs that are sent over two free-space optical telescope links. The entangled photon pairs are produced with a type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion source placed in a central, potentially untrusted, location. The two free-space links cover a distance of 435 m and 1,325 m respectively, producing a total separation of 1,575 m. The system relies on passive polarization analysis units, GPS timing receivers for synchronization, and custom written software to perform the complete QKD protocol including error correction and privacy amplification. Over 6.5 hours during the night, we observed an average raw key generation rate of 565 bits/s, an average quantum bit error rate (QBER) of 4.92%, and an average secure key generation rate of 85 bits/s.
description: v2: Revised paper based on referee report, primarily in the Security assumption section and towards the end of the Experimental implementation section. 14 pages, 5 figures, higher resolution images will be available in the published article. v1: 13 pages, 5 figures, higher resolution images will be available in the published article
Exact conservation laws for gauge-free electromagnetic gyrokinetic equations
Creators: name: Brizard, Alain J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exact energy and angular-momentum conservation laws are derived by Noether method for the Hamiltonian and symplectic representations of the gauge-free electromagnetic gyrokinetic Vlasov-Maxwell equations. These gyrokinetic equations, which are solely expressed in terms of electromagnetic fields, describe the low-frequency turbulent fluctuations that perturb a time-independent toroidally-axisymmetric magnetized plasma. The explicit proofs presented here provide a complete picture of the transfer of energy and angular momentum between the gyrocenters and the perturbed electromagnetic fields, in which the crucial roles played by gyrocenter polarization and magnetization effects are highlighted. In addition to yielding an exact angular-momentum conservation law, the gyrokinetic Noether equation yields an exact momentum transport equation, which might be useful in more general equilibrium magnetic geometries.
description: 27 pages
Special Kahler Metrics on Complex Line Bundles and the Geometry of $K3$-Surfaces
Creators: name: Bazaikin, Yaroslav V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct metrics with the holonomy group SU(2) on the tangent bundles of weighted complex projective lines and give a geometric description of the moduli space of special Kahler metrics on a K3-surface in the neighborhood of the flat orbifold $T^4/Z_3$.
description: 14 pages
title: Die Lupe: Jahrgang 1, 1925, Nr. 9, 11. April 1925
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Verlag Die Lupe
Year: 1925
Subjects: subject: Bestände des Stadtarchivs Braunschweig
subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Kunst- und Kulturgeschichte
subject: 7

description: Die Lupe: Braunschweigische Wochenschrift für Theater, Musik, Kunst, Literatur, Film und Kabarett, vol. 1, no. 9
High-Resolution Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Imaging of Mesoscopic Graphene Sheets on an Insulating Surface
Creators: name: Stolyarova, Elena
name: Rim, Kwang Taeg
name: Ryu, Sunmin
name: Maultzsch, Janina
name: Kim, Philip
name: Brus, Louis E.
name: Heinz, Tony F.
name: Hybertsen, Mark S.
name: Flynn, George W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of single-layer graphene crystals examined under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The samples, with lateral dimensions on the micron scale, were prepared on a silicon dioxide surface by direct exfoliation of single crystal graphite. The single-layer films were identified using Raman spectroscopy. Topographic images of single-layer samples display the honeycomb structure expected for the full hexagonal symmetry of an isolated graphene monolayer. The absence of observable defects in the STM images is indicative of the high quality of these films. Crystals comprised of a few layers of graphene were also examined. They exhibited dramatically different STM topography, displaying the reduced three-fold symmetry characteristic of the surface of bulk graphite.
description: Accepted to PNAS
Various Results on the Collatz Conjecture
Creators: name: Kuznetsov, Igor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Collatz Conjecture
Solution Shortcuts
Sixth
Half

description: This paper describes some few results concerning the unsolved problem of Collatz Conjecture. The document also contains a resolution of what appears to be a sixth and also a half of the beforementioned conjecture and a small number of potential shortcuts to different parts of the question.
Noisy quantum metrology with the assistance of indefinite causal order
Creators: name: Chapeau-Blondeau, Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A generic qubit unitary operator affected by depolarizing noise is duplicated and inserted in a quantum switch process realizing a superposition of causal orders. The characterization of the resulting switched quantum channel is worked out for its action on the joint state of the probe-control qubit pair. The switched channel is then specifically investigated for the important metrological task of phase estimation on the noisy unitary operator, with the performance assessed by the Fisher information, classical or quantum. A comparison is made with conventional techniques of estimation where the noisy unitary is directly probed in a one-stage or two-stage cascade with definite order, or several uses of them with two or more qubits. In the switched channel with indefinite order, specific properties are reported, meaningful for estimation and not present with conventional techniques. It is shown that the control qubit, although it never directly interacts with the unitary, can nevertheless be measured alone for effective estimation, while discarding the probe qubit that interacts with the unitary. Also, measurement of the control qubit maintains the possibility of efficient estimation in difficult conditions where conventional estimation becomes less efficient, as with ill-configured input probes, or in blind situations when the axis of the unitary is unknown. Effective estimation by measuring the control qubit remains possible even when the input probe tends to align with the axis of the unitary, or with a fully depolarized input probe, while in these conditions conventional estimation gets inoperative. Measurement of the probe qubit of the switched channel is also shown to add useful capabilities for phase estimation. The results contribute to the analysis of switched quantum channels with indefinite order for information processing, and uncover new possibilities for qubit metrology.
description: 29 pages, 7 figures, 52 references
Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons in superfluid 3He
Creators: name: Bunkov, Yu. M.
name: Volovik, G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility of Bose-Einstein condensation of excitations has been discussed for a long time. The phenomenon of the phase-coherent precession of magnetization in superfluid 3He and the related effects of spin superfluidity are based on the true Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons. Several different states of coherent precession has been observed in 3He-B: homogeneously precessing domain (HPD); persistent signal formed by Q-balls at very low temperatures; coherent precession with fractional magnetization; and two new modes of the coherent precession in compressed aerogel. In compressed aerogel the coherent precession has been also found in 3He-A. Here we demonstrate that all these cases are examples of a Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons, with the magnon interaction term in the Gross-Pitaevskii equation being provided by different types of spin-orbit coupling in the background of the coherent precession.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, prepared for proceedings of QFS-2007, JLTP style
Peculiarities of the chemical abundance distribution in galaxies NGC 3963 and NGC 7292
Creators: name: Gusev, Alexander S.
name: Dodin, Alexander V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectroscopic observations of 32 HII regions in the spiral galaxy NGC 3963 and the barred irregular galaxy NGC 7292 were carried out with the 2.5-m telescope of the Caucasus Mountain Observatory of the Sternberg Astronomical Institute using the Transient Double-beam Spectrograph with a dispersion of 1A/pixel and a spectral resolution of 3A. These observations were used to estimate the oxygen and nitrogen abundances and the electron temperatures in HII regions through modern strong-line methods. In general, the galaxies have oxygen and nitrogen abundances typical of stellar systems with similar luminosities, sizes, and morphology. However, we have found some peculiarities in chemical abundance distributions in both galaxies. The distorted outer segment of the southern arm of NGC 3963 shows an excess oxygen and nitrogen abundances. Chemical elements abundances in NGC 7292 are constant and do not depend on the galactocentric distance. These peculiarities can be explained in terms of external gas accretion in the case of NGC 3963 and major merging for NGC 7292.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Various Results on the Collatz Conjecture
Creators: name: Kuznetsov, Igor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Collatz Conjecture
Solution Shortcuts
Sixth
Half

description: This paper describes some few results concerning the unsolved problem of Collatz Conjecture. The document also contains a resolution of what appears to be a sixth and also a half of the beforementioned conjecture and a small number of potential shortcuts to different parts of the question.
description: Author's mail: kuznetzovigor2007@gmail.com
Health Hazards of Meat & Milk
Creators: name: Ryckie Wade
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111712 Health Promotion
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: 80702 Health Informatics
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 111705 Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety
subject: 119999 Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences
subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: 160508 Health Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 111717 Primary Health Care
subject: 111199 Nutrition and Dietetics not elsewhere classified
subject: 111102 Dietetics and Nutrigenomics

description: A summary of the medical and ecological evidence against meat, dairy and eggs
Acoustic and inertial modes in planetary-like rotating ellipsoids
Creators: name: Vidal, Jérémie
name: Cébron, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bounded oscillations of rotating fluid-filled ellipsoids can provide physical insight into the flow dynamics of deformed planetary interiors. The inertial modes, sustained by the Coriolis force, are ubiquitous in rapidly rotating fluids and Vantieghem (2014, Proc. R. Soc. A, 470, 20140093, doi:10.1098/rspa.2014.0093) pioneered a method to compute them n incompressible fluid ellipsoids. Yet, taking density (and pressure) variations into account is required for accurate planetary applications, which has hitherto been largely overlooked in ellipsoidal models. To go beyond the incompressible theory, we present a Galerkin method in rigid coreless ellipsoids, based on a global polynomial description. We apply the method to investigate the normal modes of fully compressible, rotating and diffusionless fluids. We consider an idealized model, which fairly reproduces the density variations in the Earth's liquid core and Jupiter-like gaseous planets. We successfully benchmark the results against standard finite-element computations. Notably, we find that the quasi-geostrophic inertial modes can be significantly modified by compressibility, even in moderately compressible interiors. Finally, we discuss the use of the normal modes to build reduced dynamical models of planetary flows.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures. Published online 29 July 2020 in PRSA
Optical spectroscopic investigation on the coupling of electronic and magnetic structure in multiferroic hexagonal RMnO3 (R = Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho) thin films
Creators: name: Choi, Woo Seok
name: Moon, Soon Jae
name: Seo, Sung Seok A.
name: Lee, Daesu
name: Lee, Jung Hyuk
name: Murugavel, Pattukkannu
name: Noh, Tae Won
name: Lee, Yun Sang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the effects of temperature and magnetic field on the electronic structure of hexagonal RMnO3 (R = Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho) thin films using optical spectroscopy. As the magnetic ordering of the system was disturbed, a systematic change in the electronic structure was commonly identified in this series. The optical absorption peak near 1.7 eV showed an unexpectedly large shift of more than 150 meV from 300 K to 15 K, accompanied by an anomaly of the shift at the Neel temperature. The magnetic field dependent measurement clearly revealed a sizable shift of the corresponding peak when a high magnetic field was applied. Our findings indicated strong coupling between the magnetic ordering and the electronic structure in the multiferroic hexagonal RMnO3 compounds.
description: 16 pages including 4 figures
Two-magnon Raman scattering from the Cu3O4 layers in (Sr,Ba)2Cu3O4Cl2
Creators: name: Holmlund, J.
name: Knee, C. S.
name: Andreasson, J.
name: Granath, M.
name: Litvinchuk, A. P.
name: Borjesson, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Sr$_{2}$,Ba$_{2}$)Cu$_{3}$O$_{4}$Cl$_{2}$ are antiferromagnetic insulators which are akin to the parent compounds of the cuprate superconductors but with two distinct magnetic ordering temperatures related to two magnetic Cu$_{I}$ and Cu$_{II}$ spin sublattices. Here we present a study of these materials by means of Raman spectroscopy. Following the temperature and polarization dependence of the data we readily identify two distinct features at around 3000 cm$^{-1}$ and 300 cm$^{-1}$ that are related to two-magnon scattering from the two sublattices. The estimated spin-exchange coupling constants for the Cu$_{I}$ and Cu$_{II}$ sublattices are found to be J$_{I}\sim$139-143(132-136) meV and J$_{II}\sim$14(11) meV for Sr(Ba) compounds. Moreover, we observe modes at around 480 and 445 cm$^{-1}$ for the Sr and Ba containing samples respectively, that disappears at the ordering temperature of the Cu$_{II}$. We argue that this modes may also be of magnetic origin and possibly related to interband transitions between the Cu$_{I}$-Cu$_{II}$ sublattices.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Modeling the dominance of the gradient drift or Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in sheared ionospheric E x B flows
Creators: name: Rathod, C.
name: Srinivasan, B.
name: Scales, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studies have shown that in sheared $\mathbf{E}\times\mathbf{B}$ flows in an inhomogeneous ionospheric plasma, the gradient drift (GDI) or the Kelvin-Helmholtz (KHI) instability may grow. This work examines the conditions that cause one of these instabilities to dominate over the other using a novel model to study localized ionospheric instabilities. The effect of collisions with neutral particles plays an important role in the instability development. It is found that the KHI is dominant in low collisionality regimes, the GDI is dominant in high collisionality regimes, and there exists an intermediate region in which both instabilities exist in tandem. For low collisionality cases in which the velocity shear is sufficiently far from the density gradient, the GDI is found to grow as a secondary instability extending from the KHI vortices. The inclusion of a neutral wind driven electric field in the direction of the velocity shear does not impact the dominance of either instability. Using data from empirical ionospheric models, two altitude limits are found. For altitudes above the higher limit, the KHI is dominant. For altitudes below the lower limit, the GDI is dominant. In the intermediate region, both instabilities grow together. Increasing the velocity shear causes both limits to be lower in altitude. This implies that for ionospheric phenomena whose density and velocity gradients span large altitude ranges, such as subauroral polarization streams, the instabilities observed by space-based and ground-based observation instruments could be significantly different.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Various Results on the Collatz Conjecture
Creators: name: Kuznetsov, Igor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Collatz Conjecture
Solution Shortcuts
Sixth
Half
Results

description: This paper describes some few results concerning the unsolved problem of Collatz Conjecture.The document contains a resolution of what appears to be a sixth and also a half of the beforementioned conjecture, a small number of potential shortcuts to different parts of the question and different equivalences/reformulations of the conjecture in regard to all the other statements presented.
description: Author's mail: kuznetzovigor2007@gmail.com
Vibrational Infrared Lifetime of the Anesthetic nitrous oxide gas in solution
Creators: name: Chieffo, Logan
name: Amsden, Jason J.
name: Shattuck, Jeffrey
name: Hong, Mi K.
name: Ziegler, Lawrence
name: Erramilli, Shyamsunder
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lifetime of the asymmetric fundamental stretching 2218 cm$^{-1}$ vibration of the anesthetic gas nitrous oxide (N$_2$O) dissolved in octanol and olive oil is reported. These solvents are model systems commonly used to assess anesthetic potency. Picosecond time-scale molecular dynamics simulations have suggested that protein dynamics or membrane dynamics play a role in the molecular mechanism of anesthetic action. Ultrafast infrared spectroscopy with 100 fs time resolution is an ideal tool to probe dynamics of anesthetic molecules on such timescales. Pump-probe studies at the peak of the vibrational band yield a lifetime of $55 \pm 1$ ps in olive oil and $52 \pm 1 ps$ in octanol. The similarity of lifetimes suggests that energy relaxation of the anesthetic is determined primarily by the hydrophobic nature of the environment, consistent with models of anesthetic action. The results show that nitrous oxide is a good model system for probing anesthetic-solvent interactions using nonlinear infrared spectroscopy.
description: 7 pages, 3 Figures, Presented at Biophysics conference in Singapore 2005
Critical phenomena in the market of competing firms induced by state interventionism
Creators: name: Chorowski, Michal
name: Kutner, Ryszard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We achieve two primary goals in this work. First, we propose a flexible algorithm that can simulate various scenarios of state/government intervention. Secondly, we analyze the scenario exhibiting the critical behavior of the market of competing firms, which depends on the degree of government intervention and the activity level of the firms. Thus, we have analyzed the second-order phase transition series, finding the levels of critical intervention and the critical exponent values. As a result, we have observed a sharp increase of fluctuations at a critical intervention level and the local breakdown of the average market technology concerning the frontier technology.
description: 10 pages, submitted to Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications
Defocused travelling-fringes in scanning triple-Laue x-ray interferometry
Creators: name: Sasso, Carlo P.
name: Mana, Giovanni
name: Massa, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measurement of the silicon lattice parameter by a separate-crystal triple-Laue x-ray interferometer is a key step for the kilogram realisation by counting atoms. Since the measurement accuracy is approaching nine significant digits, a reliable model of the interferometer operation is demanded to quantify or exclude systematic errors. This paper investigates both analytically and experimentally the effect of defocus (a difference between the splitter-to-mirror distance on the one hand and the analyser-to-mirror one on the other) on the phase of the interference fringes and the measurement of the lattice parameter.
Health Hazards of Meat & Milk
Creators: name: Ryckie Wade
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111712 Health Promotion
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: 80702 Health Informatics
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 111705 Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety
subject: 119999 Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences
subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: 160508 Health Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 111717 Primary Health Care
subject: 111199 Nutrition and Dietetics not elsewhere classified
subject: 111102 Dietetics and Nutrigenomics

description: A summary of the medical and ecological evidence against meat, dairy and eggs
Up-down Asymmetries and Angular Distributions in $D\to K_{1}(\to Kππ)\ell^+ν_{\ell}$
Creators: name: Bian, Lingzhu
name: Sun, Liang
name: Wang, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the helicity amplitude technique, we derive differential decay widths and angular distributions for the decay cascade $D\to K_{1}(1270,1400)\ell^+ν_{\ell}\to (Kππ)\ell^+ν_{\ell} (\ell=e,μ)$, in which the electron and muon mass is explicitly included. Using a set of phenomenological results for $D\to K_1$ form factors, we calculate partial decay widths and branching fractions for $D^0\to K_1^-\ell^+ν_{\ell}$ and $D^+\to K_1^0\ell^+ν_{\ell}$, but find that results for ${\cal B}(D\to K_1(1270)e^+ν_{e})$ are larger than recent BESIII measurements by about a factor 1.5. We further demonstrate that the measurement of up-down asymmetry in $D\to K_{1}e^+ν_e\to (Kππ)e^+ν_{e}$ and angular distributions in $D\to K_{1}\ell^+ν_\ell\to (Kππ)\ell^+ν_{\ell}$ can help to determine the hadronic amplitude requested in $B\to K_1(\to Kππ)γ$. Based on the Monte-Carlo simulation with the LHCb geometrical acceptance, we find that the angular distributions of MC events can be well described.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Sisyphus cooling and amplification by a superconducting qubit
Creators: name: Grajcar, M.
name: van der Ploeg, S. H. W.
name: Izmalkov, A.
name: Il'ichev, E.
name: Meyer, H. -G.
name: Fedorov, A.
name: Shnirman, A.
name: Schön, Gerd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser cooling of the atomic motion paved the way for remarkable achievements in the fields of quantum optics and atomic physics, including Bose-Einstein condensation and the trapping of atoms in optical lattices. More recently superconducting qubits were shown to act as artificial two-level atoms, displaying Rabi oscillations, Ramsey fringes, and further quantum effects. Coupling such qubits to resonators brought the superconducting circuits into the realm of quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED). It opened the perspective to use superconducting qubits as micro-coolers or to create a population inversion in the qubit to induce lasing behavior of the resonator. Furthering these analogies between quantum optical and superconducting systems we demonstrate here Sisyphus cooling of a low frequency LC oscillator coupled to a near-resonantly driven superconducting qubit. In the quantum optics setup the mechanical degrees of freedom of an atom are cooled by laser driving the atom's electronic degrees of freedom. Here the roles of the two degrees of freedom are played by the LC circuit and the qubit's levels, respectively. We also demonstrate the counterpart of the Sisyphus cooling, namely Sisyphus amplification. Parallel to the experimental demonstration we analyze the system theoretically and find quantitative agreement, which supports the interpretation and allows us to estimate system parameters.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Continuing education in a professional nursing association
Creators: name: Robinson, Diana Janet
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Continuing education for health professionals is a field of adult education that has emerged since World War II. The need for continuing education for Registered Nurses (RNs) has arisen largely as a result of concern over competence. Because of the changes in the nature of nursing practice, the ever increasing amount of knowledge required, and the impact of technology, RNs are required to continue their learning if they are to remain competent. As a result of the increasing demand for continuing education, the number of providers and institutions offering continuing nursing education has expanded. Currently, the professional nursing association is the second largest provider of continuing education, second to educational institutions. This paper describes the development of the continuing education program within a professional association, the Registered Nurses' Association of British Columbia (RNABC). Four questions were used to guide the examination of the historical record of the RNABC from 1912 to the present. Three periods of development were identified, from 1912 to 1940, from 1941 to 1967, and from 1968 to the present. Within each period, three areas were identified, to assist in presentation of events or activities that occurred during each time period: major developments, policy development and governance, and educational activities and services. In Chapter IV, the study questions were used to analyze the development of the RNABC continuing education program in each of the three periods. In Chapter V, a summary of the paper is given, and conclusions and implications of the study are described. Conclusions reached were that the RNABC has always been actively involved in continuing nursing education, however the nature of its involvement has changed over time; that the RNABC has changed and adapted to internal and external events and trends that have influenced its educational program; that the Association has been both proactive and reactive in response to trends and events that affected its educational program; and that the RNABC views continuing education as an integral part of its activities and uses continuing education to achieve its primary purpose, to ensure safe nursing care to the people of British Columbia.
Confirmation of a gapped primordial disk around LkCa 15
Creators: name: Espaillat, Catherine
name: Calvet, Nuria
name: Luhman, Kevin L.
name: Muzerolle, James
name: D'Alessio, Paola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, analysis of near-infrared broad-band photometry and Spitzer IRS spectra has led to the identification of a new "pre-transitional disk" class whose members have an inner optically thick disk separated from an outer optically thick disk by an optically thin gap. This is in contrast to the "transitional disks" which have inner disk holes (i.e. large reductions of small dust from the star out to an outer optically thick wall). In LkCa 15, one of these proposed pre-transitional disks, detailed modeling showed that although the near-infrared fluxes could be understood in terms of optically thick material at the dust sublimation radius, an alternative model of emission from optically thin dust over a wide range of radii could explain the observations as well. To unveil the true nature of LkCa 15's inner disk we obtained a medium-resolution near-infrared spectrum spanning the wavelength range 2-5 microns using SpeX at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility. We report that the excess near-infrared emission above the photosphere of LkCa 15 is a black-body continuum which can only be due to optically thick material in an inner disk around the star. When this confirmation of a primordial inner disk is combined with earlier observations of an inner edge to LkCa 15's outer disk it reveals a gapped structure. Forming planets emerge as the most likely mechanism for clearing the gap we detect in this evolving disk.
description: accepted ApJL
Retention of basic cardiac life support skills by nurses following retraining
Creators: name: Gill, Kelly Patricia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The expectation that nurses be competent in Basic Cardiac Life Support (BCLS) is today a forgone conclusion. The question is no longer should nurses be trained in BCLS, but how to ensure competency once initial training is complete. This study aspired to answer two questions: (a) after retraining to American Heart Association (AHA) standards, how long does it take for nurses' BCLS performance (on adults) to again drop below AHA standards, and (b), is there a relationship between nurses' demographic characteristics and their BCLS performance, upon retesting. Skinner's operant conditioning theory guided the development of the research proposal. Skinner argues that reinforcement is the key to maintaining behavior in strength. Thus, it is important to identify when reinforcement of BCLS skills becomes necessary and what factors in nurses' backgrounds, or environments, if any, are possible sources of reinforcement. Initially, nurses were trained in BCLS to AHA, level one standards, and data regarding their demographic characteristics were collected. These nurses were then asked to return for retesting (and further training as necessary) at 3, 6, and 9 week intervals. Due to attrition, it became necessary to analyze the data based on the actual time elapsed between tests (3 to 18 weeks). For example, if a nurse missed the 3 and 6 week tests and was then tested at what would have been the 9 week test the actual elapsed time between training and testing was 18 weeks (3 + 6 + 9=18). BCLS performance data was collected in two forms-score and pass or fail. Analyses of the data demonstrated there to be no significant difference in the number of nurses failing to meet AHA standards at each of the 3 week test intervals. Nurses failed BCLS tests as early as 3 weeks after inital retraining. No significant relationship was found between nurses' BCLS performance (retention) and age, education, position, specialty, prior BCLS training, number of exposures to, and participations in BCLS events, and recency of the last exposure to an obstructed airway. There did however appear to be a significant negative relationship between the number of years worked and BCLS performance and between number of years since graduation and BCLS performance. There also appeared to be a significant negative relationship between CPR performance and the recency of the last exposure to/participation in a cardiopulmonary arrest. Unfortunately, threats to internal validity, in particular attrition and small sample size limit confidence in the research findings. Findings supplemental to the research project are also outlined. In view of the study findings, implications for BCLS education for nurses and implications for further research into BCLS retention are delineated.
Interaction of the single-particle and collective degrees of freedom in non-magic nuclei: the role of phonon tadpole terms
Creators: name: Kamerdzhiev, S.
name: Saperstein, E. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method of a consistent consideration of the phonon contributions to mass and gap operators in non-magic nuclei is developed in the so-called g^2 approximation, where g is the low-lying phonon creation amplitude. It includes simultaneous accounting for both the usual non-local terms and the phonon tadpole ones. The relations which allow the tadpoles to be calculated without any new parameters are derived. As an application of the results, the role of the phonon tadpoles in the single-particle strength distribution and in the single-particle energies and gap values has been considered. Relation to the problem of the surface nature of pairing is discussed.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures
Analyticity of layer potentials and $L^{2}$ solvability of boundary value problems for divergence form elliptic equations with complex $L^{\infty}$ coefficients
Creators: name: Alfonseca, M.
name: Auscher, P.
name: Axelsson, A.
name: Hofmann, S.
name: Kim, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B20, 42B25, 35J25

description: We consider divergence form elliptic operators of the form $L=-\dv A(x)\nabla$, defined in $R^{n+1} = \{(x,t)\in R^n \times R \}$, $n \geq 2$, where the $L^{\infty}$ coefficient matrix $A$ is $(n+1)\times(n+1)$, uniformly elliptic, complex and $t$-independent. We show that for such operators, boundedness and invertibility of the corresponding layer potential operators on $L^2(\mathbb{R}^{n})=L^2(\partial\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n+1})$, is stable under complex, $L^{\infty}$ perturbations of the coefficient matrix. Using a variant of the $Tb$ Theorem, we also prove that the layer potentials are bounded and invertible on $L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)$ whenever $A(x)$ is real and symmetric (and thus, by our stability result, also when $A$ is complex, $\Vert A-A^0\Vert_{\infty}$ is small enough and $A^0$ is real, symmetric, $L^{\infty}$ and elliptic). In particular, we establish solvability of the Dirichlet and Neumann (and Regularity) problems, with $L^2$ (resp. $\dot{L}^2_1)$ data, for small complex perturbations of a real symmetric matrix. Previously, $L^2$ solvability results for complex (or even real but non-symmetric) coefficients were known to hold only for perturbations of constant matrices (and then only for the Dirichlet problem), or in the special case that the coefficients $A_{j,n+1}=0=A_{n+1,j}$, $1\leq j\leq n$, which corresponds to the Kato square root problem.
On the Planetary acceleration and the Rotation of the Earth
Creators: name: Arbab, Arbab I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed a model for the Earth rotation that gives a good account (data) of the Earth astronomical parameters. These data can be compared with the ones obtained using space-base telescopes. The expansion of the universe has an impact on the rotation of planets, and in particular, the Earth. The expansion of the universe causes an acceleration that is exhibited by all planets.
description: 8 Latex pages
Various Results on the Collatz Conjecture
Creators: name: Kuznetsov, Igor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: It is well known that by far the Collatz Conjecture has been an unsolved problem. This paper describes various results concerning it. It also contains a resolution of what appears to be a sixth and also a half of the beforementioned conjecture and a number of shortcuts to the question itself.
Bounds on Unparticles Couplings to Electrons: from Electron g-2 to Positronium Decays
Creators: name: Liao, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unparticles as suggested recently by Georgi have surprising phenomenological implications, distinctive from any other new physics that we know of. But they must interact very feebly with ordinary matter to have avoided detection thus far. We determine how feebly they can interact with the electron, using the precisely measured quantities in QED: the electron g-2 and the bounds on invisible and exotic positronium decays. The most stringent bound comes from invisible ortho-positronium decays: the effective energy scale entering the vector unparticle-electron interaction must exceed 4 x 10^5 TeV for a scaling dimension 3/2 of the vector unparticle. The lower bounds on scales for other unparticles range from a few tens to a few hundreds TeV. This makes the detection of unparticles challenging in low energy electron systems.
description: v1: 8 pages, 1 figure; v2: proofread version for PRD. (1) Added '(see also [4])' just before eq. (5). (2) Update ref list and change its format, change one PACS number. (3) Minor changes during the course of copyediting, like adding punctuation to eqs, changing hyphenation, etc
Optimization of Methane and Natural Gas Liquid Recovery in a Reboiled Absorption Column
Creators: name: Usiabulu G. Idanegbe
name: Azubuike H. Amadi
name: Emeka J. Okafor
name: Jumbo-Egwurugwu Precious
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Since finding cost-effective solutions for optimal Methane and NGL recovery has become a priority. Thegoal of this project was to improve the existing plant framework of a tray absorption column. AspenHYSYS simulator Version 8.6 was utilized for this study, and the feed gas composition was picked fromTechnip's Western Libya Gas Project. A simulation was conducted for 10 trays, 20 trays, and 30 trays todetermine the optimum points for methane and NGL recovery. The number of trays used to determine theoptimum NGL fraction was discovered to decrease as the number of trays increase while that of methaneincreased as the number of trays increased. It was further identified that the recovery affected thecompressor duty as it increases as NGL recovery increases but reduces on recovery of methane. Theresults were exported to Microsoft Excel, and correlations were generated for predicting optimumMethane and NGL recovery.
An Updated Search of Steady TeV $γ-$Ray Point Sources in Northern Hemisphere Using the Tibet Air Shower Array
Creators: name: Wang, Y.
name: Bi, X. J.
name: Cui, S. W.
name: Ding, L. K.
name: Danzengluobu
name: Ding, X. H.
name: Fan, C.
name: Feng, C. F.
name: Feng, Zhaoyang
name: Feng, Z. Y.
name: Gao, X. Y.
name: Geng, Q. X.
name: Guo, H. W.
name: He, H. H.
name: He, M.
name: Hu, Haibing
name: Hu, H. B.
name: Huang, Q.
name: Jia, H. Y.
name: Labaciren
name: Le, G. M.
name: Li, A. F.
name: Li, J. Y.
name: Lou, Y. -Q.
name: Lu, H.
name: Lu, S. L.
name: Meng, X. R.
name: Mu, J.
name: Ren, J. R.
name: Tan, Y. H.
name: Wang, B.
name: Wang, H.
name: Wang, Y. G.
name: Wu, H. R.
name: Xue, L.
name: Yang, X. C.
name: Ye, Z. H.
name: Yu, G. C.
name: Yuan, A. F.
name: Zhang, H. M.
name: Zhang, J. L.
name: Zhang, N. J.
name: Zhang, X. Y.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Zhaxisangzhu
name: Zhou, X. X.
name: Yuan, Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the data taken from Tibet II High Density (HD) Array (1997 February-1999 September) and Tibet-III array (1999 November-2005 November), our previous northern sky survey for TeV $γ-$ray point sources has now been updated by a factor of 2.8 improved statistics. From $0.0^{\circ}$ to $60.0^{\circ}$ in declination (Dec) range, no new TeV $γ-$ray point sources with sufficiently high significance were identified while the well-known Crab Nebula and Mrk421 remain to be the brightest TeV $γ-$ray sources within the field of view of the Tibet air shower array. Based on the currently available data and at the 90% confidence level (C.L.), the flux upper limits for different power law index assumption are re-derived, which are approximately improved by 1.7 times as compared with our previous reported limits.
description: This paper has been accepted by hepnp
New York Times Upshot/Siena College: November 2018 California 45 Poll
Creators: name: New York Times
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Likelihood of voting in 2018 election (2); California Congressional District 45 (1); Democratic Candidate Katie Porter (1); Republican Candidate Mimi Walters (1); vote for Democrat/Republican for Congress (1); opinion of various public figures (2); respondent would like Democrats/Republicans to control House of Representatives (1); President Donald Trump job performance (1); political partisanship (1).
Nonmaximally entangled states can be better for multiple linear optical teleportation
Creators: name: Modlawska, Joanna
name: Grudka, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate multiple linear optical teleportation in the Knill-Laflamme-Milburn scheme with both maximally and nonmaximally entangled states. We show that if the qubit is teleported several times via nonmaximally entangled state then the errors introduced in the previous teleportations can be corrected by the errors introduced in the following teleportations. This effect is so strong that it leads to another interesting phenomenon, i.e., the total probability of successful multiple linear optical teleportation is higher for nonmaximally entangled states than maximally entangled states.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures