Syneches maculosum Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Menezes, Isis Sá
name: Ale-Rocha, Rosaly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Hybotidae
Syneches
Syneches maculosum

description: Syneches maculosum sp. nov.
(Figs 59–65, 110, 120)
Diagnosis. Small and dark. Antenna, buccal pieces, thorax and abdomen brown to dark brown; legs brown except for light brown femur-tibial joint, apex of tibia and tarsomeres 1–4 of fore and mid legs; hind leg with tibia and tarsomeres light brown and tarsomere 1 with large brown median ring. Scutum high, pyramidal. Legs slender except fore femur enlarged. Wing sub-hyaline, pterostigma rectangular located at end of vein R1 and a brown stain at apex of vein R2+3, and cell r2+3 with light brown infuscation.
Description. Holotype ♂. Body: 2.5 mm. Wing: 2.3 mm. Head. Eyes with lower facets larger around buccal opening. Ocellar triangle protuberant with reddish brown pruinescence. Postocellar sclerite bright, without pruinescence. Face dark brown with gray pruinescence. Antenna dark brown with dense and golden setulae, lighter on apical half of postpedicel; pedicel with brown marginal setae, reaching half-length of postpedicel; postpedicel ovate, 1.2 times longer than wide, as long as length of scape and pedicel combined, with 1 sub-basal dorsal seta, same length as postpedicel; stylus about 3.5 times length of antenna, bare on distal 1/3. Proboscis brown; palpus brown with dense reddish brown setulae, slender and elongate, about 3/4 length of proboscis, with 1 apical and 1 medium-ventral long seta. Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum with brown marginal, moderately long setae. Scutum high, higher than height of mesopleuron, pyramidal; dark brown, with rough reddish brown pruinescence, except postalar callus light brown, prescutellar disc and central portion of scutellum with grey pruinescence, dorsocentral stripe and supra-alar stain of grey pruinescence; setae brown, short, longer on prescutellar disc, 4 to six series of acrostichal setae and 1 dorsocentral series. Pleura brown with golden pruinescence. Chaetotaxy: 1 long and strong dc and 1 slender acr, about 2/3 length of dc seta, on prescutellar disc; 2 long and strong npl; 2 slender pal, one long and one short; scutellum with 1 long and robust subapical pair, 1 weak convergent apical pair, about 1/2 length of subapical pair, and 3 weak lateral setae, slightly longer than apical pair. Legs. Slender with fore femur enlarged. Brown except for light brown femur-tibial joint, apex of tibia and tarsomeres 1–4 of fore and mid legs; hind leg with tibia and tarsomeres light brown and tarsomere 1 with large brown median ring. Fore tibia with D row of long setae and 1 preapical PV. Mid tibia with 1 AD before middle; 1 PV same length of tarsomere 1 and 1 apical AV seta. Hind femur with AV row of setae, one longer and robust after middle. Hind tibia with 1 AD before middle and 1 preapical AD; 1 A and 1 apical AV seta; 1 long preapical PD seta. Wing (Fig. 110). Sub-hyaline; pterostigma rectangular located at end of R1 and brown stain at apex of R2+3 not reaching beyond limits of cell r2+3; cell r2+3 with light brown infuscation. Abdomen. About twice length of thorax. Dark brown with brown pruinescence. Covering setae brown, short dorsally and long laterally. Tergite 8 short, 2.4 times wider than long (Fig. 62); sternite 8 trapezoidal, with short setae (Fig. 63). Terminalia (Figs 59–61): elongate; hypandrium long, distally trapezoidal, apex slightly concave between pair of apical setae, apical setae robust, same length as visible portion of phallus, widely separated and inserted onto small tubercles; epandrial lamella wide, cleft apically, bearing robust and curved preapical setae; phallus robust with sharpened apex, sclerotized apically and with small lateral sclerotized protuberances; postgonite simple, wide, more slender on distal half and as long as length of phallus. Female. Similar to male, except as follows: wing hyaline with pterostigma tenuous (probably due to contact with alcohol). Terminalia (Figs 64, 65): sternite 8 elongate, three times longer than wide, narrowed at basal 1/3, with long apical setae; tergite 8 3/4 length of sternite; cercus long and robust, about 4/5 length of tergite 10.
Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (INPA): BRASIL, Amazonas, P[ar]q[eu]. N[acional] [do] Jaú, Ig[arapé] Miratucu, Ig[arapé] do Gerlei, 01°57′00″ S-61°49′ 00″W, 23–28.vii.1995 / Arm[adilha] Suspensa, 15 mts, J. A. Rafael & J. F. Vidal / Holótipo, Syneches maculosum, Menezes & Ale-Rocha (red label). Specimen in good conditions, except by left postpedicel lost; left wing mounted between microslides. PARATYPES. BRASIL. Amazonas, Manaus, PDBFF /WWF, Proj: Bert Klein, x.1984, Malaise, Reserva 1112 (1 ♂, INPA); Reserva [Adolpho] Ducke, Malaise, vii– viii.1981, J.A. Rafael & J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); idem, AM 0 10, Km 24, Arm[adilha] Suspensa lâmina d’água, 29.x.– 6.xi.1996, A.L. Henriques, R.L.M. Ferreira & J.F. Vidal cols (1 ♀, INPA). PERU. Monson Valley Tingo Maria, 2.xi.1954, E.I. Schlinger & E.S. Ross colls. (2 ♂, CAS); Iquitos, iii–iv.1931, R.S.C. Shannon (2 ♀, USNM).
Geographical distribution. Peru, Brazil (Amazonas) (Fig. 120).
Comments. Similar to species with pyramidal scutum (particularly S. angulatus sp. nov. and S. vidali), whose wings have pterostigma divided into two stains located at end of R1 and at apex of R2+3, besides the male terminalia with apical epandrial lamella cleft. It differs from them by having the hypandrium trapezoidal distally with apex slightly concave between apical pair of setae, and more robust phallus with sclerotized lateral tubercles; differs from S.
angulatus sp. nov. by the slight curvature of apex of vein R2+3, besides the female terminalia elongate, rectangular; and from S. vidali it differs by the enlarged anterior femur and wing without strong infuscation towards transverse veins. Etymology. From the Latin maculosum = maculate, in reference to the two brown stains on the wing.
description: Published as part of Menezes, Isis Sá & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2016, Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), pp. 401-442 in Zootaxa 4103 (5) on pages 421-422, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/267788