cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Virasoro constraint for Nekrasov instanton partition function
Creators: name: Kanno, Shoichi
name: Matsuo, Yutaka
name: Zhang, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that Nekrasov instanton partition function for SU(N) gauge theories satisfies recursion relations in the form of U(1)+Virasoro constraints when β = 1. The constraints give a direct support for AGT conjecture for general quiver gauge theories.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures. v2: typos corrected
The Shadows of Total War: Europe, East Asia and the United States, 1919–1939. An International Conference held at Münchenwiler (Switzerland) August 25–28, 1999
Creators: name: Beck, Birgit
name: Walter, Dierck
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: -
description: Francia, Bd. 26 Nr. 3 (1999)
Development of an atmospheric chemistry model coupled to the PALM model system 6.0: implementation and first applications
Creators: name: Khan, Basit
name: Banzhaf, Sabine
name: Chan, Edward C.
name: Forkel, Renate
name: Kanani-Sühring, Farah
name: Ketelsen, Klaus
name: Kurppa, Mona
name: Maronga, Björn
name: Russo, Emmanuele
name: Schaap, Martijn
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: large-eddy simulation
subject: convective boundary-layer
subject: urban street canyon
subject: reactive pollutant dispersion
subject: sectional aerosol module
subject: turbulent-flow
subject: air-quality
subject: climate
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: In this article we describe the implementation of an online-coupled gas-phase chemistry model in the turbulence-resolving PALM model system 6.0 (formerly an abbreviation for Parallelized Large-eddy Simulation Model and now an independent name). The new chemistry model is implemented in the PALM model as part of the PALM-4U (PALM for urban applications) components, which are designed for application of the PALM model in the urban environment (Maronga et al., 2020). The latest version of the Kinetic PreProcessor (KPP, 2.2.3) has been utilized for the numerical integration of gas-phase chemical reactions. A number of tropospheric gas-phase chemistry mechanisms of different complexity have been implemented ranging from the photostationary state (PHSTAT) to mechanisms with a strongly simplified volatile organic compound (VOC) chemistry (e.g. the SMOG mechanism from KPP) and the Carbon Bond Mechanism 4 (CBM4; Gery et al., 1989), which includes a more comprehensive, but still simplified VOC chemistry. Further mechanisms can also be easily added by the user. In this work, we provide a detailed description of the chemistry model, its structure and input requirements along with its various features and limitations. A case study is presented to demonstrate the application of the new chemistry model in the urban environment. The computation domain of the case study comprises part of Berlin, Germany. Emissions are considered using street-type-dependent emission factors from traffic sources. Three chemical mechanisms of varying complexity and one no-reaction (passive) case have been applied, and results are compared with observations from two permanent air quality stations in Berlin that fall within the computation domain. Even though the feedback of the model's aerosol concentrations on meteorology is not yet considered in the current version of the model, the results show the importance of online photochemistry and dispersion of air pollutants in the urban boundary layer for high spatial and temporal resolutions. The simulated NOx and O-3 species show reasonable agreement with observations. The agreement is better during midday and poorest during the evening transition hours and at night. The CBM4 and SMOG mechanisms show better agreement with observations than the steady-state PHSTAT mechanism.
Example of a non-smooth Hopf bifurcation in an aero-elastic system
Creators: name: Magri, Luca
name: Galvanetto, Ugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a typical aerofoil section under dynamic stall conditions, the structural model is linear and the aerodynamic loading is represented by the Leishman-Beddoes semi-empirical dynamic stall model. The loads given by this model are non-linear and non-smooth, therefore we have integrated the equation of motion using a Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg algorithm equipped with event detection. The main focus of the paper is on the interaction between the Hopf bifurcation typical of aero-elastic systems, which causes flutter oscillations, and the discontinuous definition of the stall model. The paper shows how the non-smooth definition of the dynamic stall model can generate a non-smooth Hopf bifurcation. The mechanisms for the appearance of limit cycle attractors are described by using standard tools of the theory of dynamical systems such as phase plots and bifurcation diagrams.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Gallia Pontificia. Répertoire des documents concernant les relations entre la papauté et les églises et monastères en France avant 1198. Vol. I: Diocèse de Besançon, par B. de Vregille, R. Locatelli et G. Moyse. Préface et coordination D. Lohrmann, 1998
Creators: name: Becker, A.
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: Francia, Bd. 27 Nr. 1 (2000)
Elenchus fontium historiae urbanae quem edendum curaverunt G. van Herwijnen, P. H. D. Leupen et F. Irsigler. Volumen secundum pars prima quam ediderunt A.-M. Lemasson, Ph. Wolff, B.-M. Tock et M. Pauly, 1996
Creators: name: Kammerer, O.
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: Francia, Bd. 27 Nr. 1 (2000)
Electromagnetic interaction in theory with Lorentz invariant CPT violation
Creators: name: Chaichian, Masud
name: Fujikawa, Kazuo
name: Tureanu, Anca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An attempt is made to incorporate the electromagnetic interaction in a Lorentz invariant but CPT violating non-local model with particle-antiparticle mass-splitting, which is regarded as a modified QED. The gauge invariance is maintained by the Schwinger non-integrable phase factor but the electromagnetic interaction breaks C, CP and CPT symmetries. Implications of the present CPT breaking scheme on the electromagnetic transitions and particle-antiparticle pair creation are discussed. The CPT violation such as the one suggested here may open a new path to the analysis of baryon asymmetry since some of the Sakharov constraints are expected to be modified.
description: 12 pages, some remarks added; version to appear in Phys. Lett. B
Mucin-Inspired, High Molecular Weight Virus Binding Inhibitors Show Biphasic Binding Behavior to Influenza A Viruses
Creators: name: Wallert, Matthias
name: Nie, Chuanxiong
name: Anilkumar, Parambath
name: Abbina, Srinivas
name: Bhatia, Sumati
name: Ludwig, Kai
name: Kizhakkedathu, Jayachandran N.
name: Haag, Rainer
name: Block, Stephan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hyperbranched polyglycerol
subject: influenza A viruses
subject: single particle tracking
subject: TIRF microscopy
subject: virus binding inhibition
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::547 Organische Chemie

description: Multivalent binding inhibitors are a promising new class of antivirals that prevent virus infections by inhibiting virus binding to cell membranes. The design of these inhibitors is challenging as many properties, for example, inhibitor size and functionalization with virus attachment factors, strongly influence the inhibition efficiency. Here, virus binding inhibitors are synthesized, the size and functionalization of which are inspired by mucins, which are naturally occurring glycosylated proteins with high molecular weight (MDa range) and interact efficiently with various viruses. Hyperbranched polyglycerols (hPGs) with molecular weights ranging between 10 and 2600 kDa are synthesized, thereby hitting the size of mucins and allowing for determining the impact of inhibitor size on the inhibition efficiency. The hPGs are functionalized with sialic acids and sulfates, as suggested from the structure of mucins, and their inhibition efficiency is determined by probing the inhibition of influenza A virus (IAV) binding to membranes using various methods. The largest, mucin-sized inhibitor shows potent inhibition at pm concentrations, while the inhibition efficiency decreases with decreasing the molecular weight. Interestingly, the concentration-dependent IAV inhibition shows a biphasic behavior, which is attributed to differences in the binding affinity of the inhibitors to the two IAV envelope proteins, neuraminidase, and hemagglutinin.
Violation of First Law of Thermodynamics in f(R,T) Gravity
Creators: name: Jamil, Mubasher
name: Momeni, D.
name: Myrzakulov, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter, we derived the first law of thermodynamics using the method proposed by Wald. Treating the entropy as Noether charge and comparing with the usual first law of thermodynamics, we obtained the expression of entropy explicitly which contains infinitely many non-local terms (i.e. the integral terms). We have proved, in general, that the first law of black bole thermodynamics is violated for $f(R,T)$ gravity. But there might exist some special cases in which the first law for $f(R,T)$ gravity is recovered.
description: 6 pages
Correlation enhanced phase sensitive Raman scattering in atomic vapors
Creators: name: Yuan, Chun-Hua
name: Chen, L. Q.
name: Ou, Z. Y.
name: Zhang, Weiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically propose a method to enhance Raman scattering by injecting a seeded light field which is correlated with the initially prepared atomic spin wave. Such a light-atom correlation leads to an interference in the Raman scattering. The interference is sensitive to the relative phase between the seeded light field and initially prepared atomic spin wave. For constructive interference, the Raman scattering is greatly enhanced. Such an enhanced Raman scattering may find applications in quantum information, nonlinear optics and optical metrology due to its simplicity.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Nonlinear thermoelectricity in point-contacts at pinch-off: a catastrophe aids cooling
Creators: name: Whitney, Robert S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider refrigeration and heat engine circuits based on the nonlinear thermoelectric response of point-contacts at pinch-off, allowing for electrostatic interaction effects. We show that a refrigerator can cool to much lower temperatures than predicted by the thermoelectric figure-of-merit ZT (which is based on linear-response arguments). The lowest achievable temperature has a discontinuity, called a fold catastrophe in mathematics, at a critical driving current I=I_c. For I >I_c one can in principle cool to absolute zero, when for I
description: 7 pages 7 figs (changes in this version : Suppl. material expanded & integrated into text, more references)
Exceptionally preserved early Cambrian bilaterian developmental stages from Mongolia
Creators: name: Steiner, Michael
name: Yang, Ben
name: Hohl, Simon
name: Li, Da
name: Donoghue, Philip
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary developmental biology
subject: Palaeontology
subject: Mongolia
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::560 Fossilien, Paläontologie::560 Paläontologie, Paläozoologie

description: Fossilized invertebrate embryonic and later developmental stages are rare and restricted largely to the Ediacaran-Cambrian, providing direct insight into development during the emergence of animal bodyplans. Here we report a new assemblage of eggs, embryos and bilaterian post-embryonic developmental stages from the early Cambrian Salanygol Formation of Dzhabkan Microcontinent of Mongolia. The post-embryonic developmental stages of the bilaterian are preserved with cellular fidelity, possessing a series of bilaterally arranged ridges that compare to co-occurring camenellan sclerites in which the initial growth stages retain the cellular morphology of modified juveniles. In this work we identify these fossils as early post-embryonic developmental stages of camenellans, an early clade of stem-brachiopods, known previously only from isolated sclerites. This interpretation corroborates previous reconstructions of camenellan scleritomes with sclerites arranged in medial and peripheral concentric zones. It further supports the conjecture that molluscs and brachiopods are descended from an ancestral vermiform and slug-like bodyplan. The Cambrian is known as a period of rapid animal diversification, but the development of these animals is not well characterized. Here, Steiner et al. describe a new assemblage of Cambrian eggs, embryos and early postembryonic stages from Mongolia that provides insight into ancient bilaterian development and evolution.
The multimodal Ganzfeld-induced altered state of consciousness induces decreased thalamo-cortical coupling
Creators: name: Schmidt, Timo Torsten
name: Jagannathan, Nisha
name: Ljubljanac, Michal
name: Xavier, Ann
name: Nierhaus, Till
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: default mode
subject: functional architecture
subject: brain
subject: connectivity
subject: schizophrenia
subject: stimulation
subject: network
subject: phenomenology
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Different pharmacologic agents have been used to investigate the neuronal underpinnings of alterations in consciousness states, such as psychedelic substances. Special attention has been drawn to the role of thalamic filtering of cortical input. Here, we investigate the neuronal mechanisms underlying an altered state of consciousness (ASC) induced by a non-pharmacological procedure. During fMRI scanning, N=19 human participants were exposed to multimodal Ganzfeld stimulation, a technique of perceptual deprivation where participants are exposed to intense, unstructured, homogenous visual and auditory stimulation. Compared to pre- and post-resting-state scans, the Ganzfeld data displayed a progressive decoupling of the thalamus from the cortex. Furthermore, the Ganzfeld-induced ASC was characterized by increased eigenvector centrality in core regions of the default mode network (DMN). Together, these findings can be interpreted as an imbalance of sensory bottom-up signaling and internally-generated top-down signaling. This imbalance is antithetical to psychedelic-induced ASCs, where increased thalamo-cortical coupling and reduced DMN activity were observed.
D. Heckmann (Hg.), Die Beziehungen der Herzöge in Preußen zu West- und Südeuropa (1525–1688). Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv und den Ostpreußischen Folianten, 1999
Creators: name: Pariset, J.-D.
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: Francia, Bd. 28 Nr. 2 (2001)
The Importance of Methyl-Branched Cuticular Hydrocarbons for Successful Host Recognition by the Larval Ectoparasitoid Holepyris sylvanidis
Creators: name: Awater-Salendo, Sarah
name: Schulz, Hartwig
name: Hilker, Monika
name: Fürstenau, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Bethylidae
subject: GC-MS analysis
subject: Host recognition
subject: Methyl alkanes
subject: Stored product pest
subject: Tenebrionidae
subject: Tribolium
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of host insects are used by many parasitic wasps as contact kairomones for host location and recognition. As the chemical composition of CHCs varies from species to species, the CHC pattern represents a reliable indicator for parasitoids to discriminate host from non-host species. Holepyris sylvanidis is an ectoparasitoid of beetle larvae infesting stored products. Previous studies demonstrated that the larval CHC profile of the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum, comprises long chain linear and methyl-branched alkanes (methyl alkanes), which elicit trail following and host recognition in H. sylvanidis. Here we addressed the question, whether different behavioral responses of this parasitoid species to larvae of other beetle species are due to differences in the larval CHC pattern. Our study revealed that H. sylvanidis recognizes and accepts larvae of T. confusum, T. castaneum and T. destructor as hosts, whereas larvae of Oryzaephilus surinamensis were rejected. However, the latter species became attractive after applying a sample of T. confusum larval CHCs to solvent extracted larvae. Chemical analyses of the larval extracts revealed that CHC profiles of the Tribolium species were similar in their composition, while that of O. surinamensis differed qualitatively and quantitatively, i.e. methyl alkanes were present as minor components on the cuticle of all Tribolium larvae, but were absent in the O. surinamensis CHC profile. Furthermore, the parasitoid successfully recognized solvent extracted T. confusum larvae as hosts after they had been treated with a fraction of methyl alkanes. Our results show that methyl alkanes are needed for host recognition by H. sylvanidis.
Spin ordering in magnetic quantum dots: From core-halo to Wigner molecules
Creators: name: Oszwałdowski, R.
name: Stano, P.
name: Petukhov, A. G.
name: Žutić, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay of confinement and Coulomb interactions in quantum dots can lead to strongly correlated phases differing qualitatively from the Fermi liquid behavior. We explore how the presence of magnetic impurities in quantum dots can provide additional opportunities to study correlation effects and the resulting ordering in carrier and impurity spin. By employing exact diagonalization we reveal that seemingly simple two-carrier quantum dots lead to a rich phase diagram. We propose experiments to verify our predictions, in particular we discuss interband optical transitions as a function of temperature and magnetic field.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures + 4 pages of auxiliary material; published version
title: Experimental tests of surface-enhanced Raman scattering
title: Moving beyond the electromagnetic enhancement theory
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Heeg, Sebastian
name: Mueller, Niclas S.
name: Wasserroth, Sören
name: Kusch, Patryk
name: Reich, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: absolute SERS enhancement
subject: electromagnetic enhancement
subject: plasmon
subject: polarization
subject: SERS
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: The electromagnetic enhancement theory describes surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as a Raman effect that takes place in the near-field of a plasmonic nanostructure. The theory has been very successful in explaining the fundamental properties of SERS, modelling the performance of different metals as enhancing materials and optimizing SERS hotspots for strongest possible enhancement. Over the last decade, a number of carefully designed experimental studies have examined predictions of the electromagnetic theory like the size and shape of SERS hotspots, the absolute magnitude of the enhancement and the width of the SERS resonance. Although the overall picture was quite satisfactory, the theory failed to predict key aspects of SERS, for example, the absolute magnitude of the plasmonic enhancement. We scrutinize these experiments and review them focusing on the results that require going beyond the electromagnetic enhancement theory. We argue that the results of these experiments create the need to develop the theory of SERS further, especially the exact role of plasmonic enhancement in inelastic light scattering.
EXACT: a collaboration toolset for algorithm-aided annotation of images with annotation version control
Creators: name: Marzahl, Christian
name: Aubreville, Marc
name: Bertram, Christof A.
name: Maier, Jennifer
name: Bergler, Christian
name: Kröger, Christine
name: Voigt, Jörn
name: Breininger, Katharina
name: Klopfleisch, Robert
name: Maier, Andreas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer science
subject: Scientific data
subject: Software
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: In many research areas, scientific progress is accelerated by multidisciplinary access to image data and their interdisciplinary annotation. However, keeping track of these annotations to ensure a high-quality multi-purpose data set is a challenging and labour intensive task. We developed the open-source online platform EXACT (EXpert Algorithm Collaboration Tool) that enables the collaborative interdisciplinary analysis of images from different domains online and offline. EXACT supports multi-gigapixel medical whole slide images as well as image series with thousands of images. The software utilises a flexible plugin system that can be adapted to diverse applications such as counting mitotic figures with a screening mode, finding false annotations on a novel validation view, or using the latest deep learning image analysis technologies. This is combined with a version control system which makes it possible to keep track of changes in the data sets and, for example, to link the results of deep learning experiments to specific data set versions. EXACT is freely available and has already been successfully applied to a broad range of annotation tasks, including highly diverse applications like deep learning supported cytology scoring, interdisciplinary multi-centre whole slide image tumour annotation, and highly specialised whale sound spectroscopy clustering.
New Limits on Hidden Photons from Past Electron Beam Dumps
Creators: name: Andreas, Sarah
name: Niebuhr, Carsten
name: Ringwald, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hidden sectors with light extra U(1) gauge bosons, so-called hidden photons, have recently attracted some attention because they are a common feature of physics beyond the Standard Model like string theory and supersymmetry and additionally are phenomenologically of great interest regarding recent astrophysical observations. The hidden photon is already constrained by various laboratory experiments and presently searched for in running as well as upcoming experiments. We summarize the current status of limits on hidden photons from past electron beam dump experiments including two new limits from such experiments at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization in Japan (KEK) and the Laboratoire de l'accelerateur lineaire (LAL, Orsay) that have so far not been considered. All our limits take into account the experimental acceptances obtained from Monte Carlo simulations.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; v2: figures updated, references added, matches version published in PRD
Documents du Minutier central des notaires de Paris concernant l'histoire économique et sociale (1800-1830). Inventaire par C. Pris, introduction et index, revus, corrigés et complétés par le personnel du Minutier central sous la direction d'A. Chauleur, 1999
Creators: name: Stein, W. H.
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: Francia, Bd. 28 Nr. 2 (2001)
The northwestern ejecta knot in SN 1006
Creators: name: Broersen, Sjors
name: Vink, Jacco
name: Miceli, Marco
name: Bocchino, Fabrizio
name: Maurin, Gilles
name: Decourchelle, Anne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: We want to probe the physics of fast collision-less shocks in supernova remnants. In particular, we are interested in the non-equilibration of temperatures and particle acceleration. Specifically, we aim to measure the oxygen temperature with regards to the electron temperature. In addition, we search for synchrotron emission in the northwestern thermal rim. Methods: This study is part of a dedicated deep observational project of SN 1006 using XMM-Newton, which provides us with currently the best resolution spectra of the bright northwestern oxygen knot. We aim to use the reflection grating spectrometer to measure the thermal broadening of the O vii line triplet by convolving the emission profile of the remnant with the response matrix. Results: The line broadening was measured to be σ_e = 2.4 \pm 0.3 eV, corresponding to an oxygen temperature of 275$^{+72}_{-63}$ keV. From the EPIC spectra we obtain an electron temperature of 1.35 \pm 0.10 keV. The difference in temperature between the species provides further evidence of non-equilibration of temperatures in a shock. In addition, we find evidence for a bow shock that emits X-ray synchrotron radiation, which is at odds with the general idea that due to the magnetic field orientation only in the NE and SW region X-ray synchrotron radiation should be emitted. We find an unusual Hα and X-ray synchrotron geometry, in that the Hα emission peaks downstream of the synchrotron emission. This may be an indication for a peculiar Hα shock, in which the density is lower and neutral fraction are higher than in other supernova remnants, resulting in a peak in Hα emission further downstream of the shock.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Searching for biological feedstock material: 3D printing of wood particles from house borer and drywood termite frass
Creators: name: Plarre, Rudy
name: Zocca, Andrea
name: Spitzer, Andrea
name: Benemann, Sigrid
name: Gorbushina, Anna A.
name: Li, Yuexuan
name: Waske, Anja
name: Funk, Alexander
name: Wilbig, Janka
name: Günster, Jens
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 3D printing
subject: Termites
subject: Larvae
subject: Binders
subject: Powders
subject: Insects
subject: Packing density
subject: Timber
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Frass (fine powdery refuse or fragile perforated wood produced by the activity of boring insects) of larvae of the European house borer (EHB) and of drywood termites was tested as a natural and novel feedstock for 3D-printing of wood-based materials. Small particles produced by the drywood termite Incisitermes marginipennis and the EHB Hylotrupes bajulus during feeding in construction timber, were used. Frass is a powdery material of particularly consistent quality that is essentially biologically processed wood mixed with debris of wood and faeces. The filigree-like particles flow easily permitting the build-up of wood-based structures in a layer wise fashion using the Binder Jetting printing process. The quality of powders produced by different insect species was compared along with the processing steps and properties of the printed parts. Drywood termite frass with a Hausner Ratio HR = 1.1 with ρBulk = 0.67 g/cm3 and ρTap = 0.74 g/cm3 was perfectly suited to deposition of uniformly packed layers in 3D printing. We suggest that a variety of naturally available feedstocks could be used in environmentally responsible approaches to scientific material sciences/additive manufacturing.
The 2012 Interferometric Imaging Beauty Contest
Creators: name: Baron, Fabien
name: Cotton, William D.
name: Lawson, Peter R.
name: Ridgway, Steve T.
name: Aarnio, Alicia
name: Monnier, John D.
name: Hofmann, Karl-Heinz
name: Schertl, Dieter
name: Weigelt, Gerd
name: Thiébaut, Eric
name: Soulez, Férréol
name: Mary, David
name: Millour, Florentin
name: Vannier, Martin
name: Young, John
name: Elias, Nicholas M.
name: Schmitt, Henrique R.
name: Rengaswamy, Sridharan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of the fifth Interferometric Imaging Beauty Contest. The contest consists in blind imaging of test data sets derived from model sources and distributed in the OIFITS format. Two scenarios of imaging with CHARA/MIRC-6T were offered for reconstruction: imaging a T Tauri disc and imaging a spotted red supergiant. There were eight different teams competing this time: Monnier with the software package MACIM; Hofmann, Schertl and Weigelt with IRS; Thiébaut and Soulez with MiRA ; Young with BSMEM; Mary and Vannier with MIROIRS; Millour and Vannier with independent BSMEM and MiRA entries; Rengaswamy with an original method; and Elias with the radio-astronomy package CASA. The contest model images, the data delivered to the contestants and the rules are described as well as the results of the image reconstruction obtained by each method. These results are discussed as well as the strengths and limitations of each algorithm.
Emotion Regulation Modulates Dietary Decision-Making via Activity in the Prefrontal-Striatal Valuation System
Creators: name: Morawetz, Carmen
name: Steyrl, David
name: Berboth, Stella
name: Heekeren, Hauke R.
name: Bode, Stefan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: affect
subject: emotion regulation
subject: fMRI
subject: food choice
subject: machine-learning
subject: neuroimaging
subject: reappraisal
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: The consumption of indulgent, carbohydrate- and fat-rich foods is often used as a strategy to cope with negative affect because they provide immediate self-reward. Such dietary choices, however, can severely affect people's health. One countermeasure could be to improve one's emotion regulation ability. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural activity underlying the downregulation of incidental emotions and its effect on subsequent food choices. We investigated whether emotion regulation leads to healthier food choices and how emotion regulation interacts with the brain's valuation and decision-making circuitry. We found that 1) the downregulation of incidental negative emotions was associated with a subsequent selective increase in decisions for tasty but also for healthy foods, 2) food preferences were predicted by palatability but also by the current emotional state, and 3) emotion regulation modulated decision-related activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum. These results indicate that emotional states are indeed important for food choice and that the process of emotion regulation might boost the subsequent processing of health attributes, possibly via neural reward circuits. In consequence, our findings suggest that increasing emotion regulation ability could effectively modulate food choices by stimulating an incidental upvaluation of health attributes.
Extracting Muon Momentum Scale Corrections for Hadron Collider Experiments
Creators: name: Bodek, A.
name: van Dyne, A.
name: Han, J. Y.
name: Sakumoto, W.
name: Strelnikov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple method for the extraction of corrections for bias in the measurement of the momentum of muons in hadron collider experiments. Such bias can originate from a variety of sources such as detector misalignment, software reconstruction bias, and uncertainties in the magnetic field. The two step method uses the mean $<1/p^μ_T>$ for muons from $Z\to μμ$ decays to determine the momentum scale corrections in bins of charge, $η$ and $ϕ$. In the second step, the corrections are tuned by using the average invariant mass $$ of $Z\to μμ$ events in the same bins of charge $η$ and $ϕ$. The forward-backward asymmetry of $Z/γ^{*} \to μμ$ pairs as a function of $μ^+μ^-$ mass, and the $ϕ$ distribution of $Z$ bosons in the Collins-Soper frame are used to ascertain that the corrections remove the bias in the momentum measurements for positive versus negatively charged muons. By taking the sum and difference of the momentum scale corrections for positive and negative muons, we isolate additive corrections to $1/p^μ_T$ that may originate from misalignments and multiplicative corrections that may originate from mis-modeling of the magnetic field $(\int \vec{B} \cdot d\vec{L})$. This method has recently been used in the CDF experiment at Fermilab and in the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, to be published in EPJC 2012
The Gut Microbial Composition Is Species-Specific and Individual-Specific in Two Species of Estrildid Finches, the Bengalese Finch and the Zebra Finch
Creators: name: Maraci, Öncü
name: Antonatou-Papaioannou, Anna
name: Jünemann, Sebastian
name: Castillo-Gutiérrez, Omar
name: Busche, Tobias
name: Kalinowski, Jörn
name: Caspers, Barbara A.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: gut microbiota
subject: symbionts
subject: birds
subject: zebra finch
subject: Bengalese finch
subject: host-specific factors
subject: inter-individual differences
subject: temporal stability
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Microbial communities residing in the gastrointestinal tracts of animals have profound impacts on the physiological processes of their hosts. In humans, host-specific and environmental factors likely interact together to shape gut microbial communities, resulting in remarkable inter-individual differences. However, we still lack a full understanding of to what extent microbes are individual-specific and controlled by host-specific factors across different animal taxa. Here, we document the gut microbial characteristics in two estrildid finch species, the Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata domestica) and the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) to investigate between-species and within-species differences. We collected fecal samples from breeding pairs that were housed under strictly controlled environmental and dietary conditions. All individuals were sampled at five different time points over a range of 120 days covering different stages of the reproductive cycle. We found significant species-specific differences in gut microbial assemblages. Over a period of 3 months, individuals exhibited unique, individual-specific microbial profiles. Although we found a strong individual signature in both sexes, within-individual variation in microbial communities was larger in males of both species. Furthermore, breeding pairs had more similar microbial profiles, compared to randomly chosen males and females. Our study conclusively shows that host-specific factors contribute structuring of gut microbiota.
Large Deviation Delay Analysis of Queue-Aware Multi-user MIMO Systems with Multi-timescale Mobile-Driven Feedback
Creators: name: Chen, Junting
name: Lau, Vincent K. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-user multi-input-multi-output (MU-MIMO) systems transmit data to multiple users simultaneously using the spatial degrees of freedom with user feedback channel state information (CSI). Most of the existing literatures on the reduced feedback user scheduling focus on the throughput performance and the user queueing delay is usually ignored. As the delay is very important for real-time applications, a low feedback queue-aware user scheduling algorithm is desired for the MU-MIMO system. This paper proposed a two-stage queue-aware user scheduling algorithm, which consists of a queue-aware mobile-driven feedback filtering stage and a SINR-based user scheduling stage, where the feedback filtering policy is obtained from the solution of an optimization problem. We evaluate the queueing performance of the proposed scheduling algorithm by using the sample path large deviation analysis. We show that the large deviation decay rate for the proposed algorithm is much larger than that of the CSI-only user scheduling algorithm. The numerical results also demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs much better than the CSI-only algorithm requiring only a small amount of feedback.
Kinetic theory of nonequilibrium stochastic long-range systems: Phase transition and bistability
Creators: name: Nardini, Cesare
name: Gupta, Shamik
name: Ruffo, Stefano
name: Dauxois, Thierry
name: Bouchet, Freddy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study long-range interacting systems driven by external stochastic forces that act collectively on all the particles constituting the system. Such a scenario is frequently encountered in the context of plasmas, self-gravitating systems, two-dimensional turbulence, and also in a broad class of other systems. Under the effect of stochastic driving, the system reaches a stationary state where external forces balance dissipation on average. These states have the invariant probability that does not respect detailed balance, and are characterized by non-vanishing currents of conserved quantities. In order to analyze spatially homogeneous stationary states, we develop a kinetic approach that generalizes the one known for deterministic long-range systems; we obtain a very good agreement between predictions from kinetic theory and extensive numerical simulations. Our approach may also be generalized to describe spatially inhomogeneous stationary states. We also report on numerical simulations exhibiting a first-order nonequilibrium phase transition from homogeneous to inhomogeneous states. Close to the phase transition, the system shows bistable behavior between the two states, with a mean residence time that diverges as an exponential in the inverse of the strength of the external stochastic forces, in the limit of low values of such forces.
description: v2: Refs. added, minor changes in the text; close to the published version
Forward Tevatron Tops and Backward LHC Tops with Associates
Creators: name: Drobnak, Jure
name: Kagan, Alexander L.
name: Kamenik, Jernej F.
name: Perez, Gilad
name: Zupan, Jure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anomalous forward-backward asymmetry (A_FB) in t tbar production at the Tevatron is in apparent contradiction with the t tbar charge asymmetry (A_C) measurements at the LHC, which agree well with the standard model predictions. We argue that associated production of a state with [u tbar] flavor quantum numbers can lead to a sizable negative contribution to A_C. Exchange of such a resonance in the t-channel would lead to positive contributions to A_FB and A_C, as has been extensively discussed in the literature. Given the additional negative A_C contribution, both the Tevatron and LHC data can be naturally accommodated within this framework. A simple realization of this setup is the well known example of a Z' with flavor off-diagonal up-top couplings. We provide a detailed study of this model, demonstrating that it indeed reproduces the t tbar asymmetry data, and is compatible with other constraints, e.g. t+jet resonance searches, t tbar inclusive jet multiplicities, and atomic parity violation.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables; added discussion of Tevatron lepton based asymmetry, including Mttbar dependence; added two references; version to be published in PRD
Stochastic dynamics of the prisoner's dilemma with cooperation facilitators
Creators: name: Mobilia, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of the paradigmatic prisoner's dilemma, we investigate the evolutionary dynamics of social dilemmas in the presence of "cooperation facilitators". In our model, cooperators and defectors interact as in the classical prisoner's dilemma game, where selection favors defection. However, here the presence of a small number of cooperation facilitators enhances the fitness (reproductive potential) of cooperators, while it does not alter that of defectors. In a finite population of size N, the dynamics of the prisoner's dilemma with facilitators is characterized by the probability that cooperation takes over (fixation probability) and by the mean times to reach the absorbing states. These quantities are computed exactly and using Fokker-Planck equations. Our findings, corroborated by stochastic simulations, demonstrate that the influence of facilitators crucially depends on the difference between their density z and the game's cost-to-benefit ratio r. When z>r, the fixation of cooperators is likely in a large population and, under weak selection pressure, invasion and replacement of defection by cooperation is favored by selection if b(z-r)(1-z)>1/N, where 0
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. Final version, published in Physical Review E
On the Complexity of Hilbert Refutations for Partition
Creators: name: Margulies, Susan
name: Onn, Shmuel
name: Pasechnik, Dmitrii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a set of integers W, the Partition problem determines whether W can be divided into two disjoint subsets with equal sums. We model the Partition problem as a system of polynomial equations, and then investigate the complexity of a Hilbert's Nullstellensatz refutation, or certificate, that a given set of integers is not partitionable. We provide an explicit construction of a minimum-degree certificate, and then demonstrate that the Partition problem is equivalent to the determinant of a carefully constructed matrix called the partition matrix. In particular, we show that the determinant of the partition matrix is a polynomial that factors into an iteration over all possible partitions of W.
description: Final version
Electromagnetic and thermal responses of Z topological insulators and superconductors in odd spatial dimensions
Creators: name: Shiozaki, Ken
name: Fujimoto, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relation between bulk topological invariants and experimentally observable physical quantities is a fundamental property of topological insulators and superconductors. In the case of chiral symmetric systems in odd spatial dimensions such as time-reversal invariant topological superconductors and topological insulators with sublattice symmetry, this relation has not been well understood. We clarify that the winding number which characterizes the bulk Z non-triviality of these systems can appear in electromagnetic and thermal responses in a certain class of heterostructure systems. It is also found that the Z non-triviality can be detected in the bulk "chiral polarization", which is induced by magnetoelectric effects.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure
Pandemics and the politics of difference: rewriting the history of internationalism through nineteenth-century cholera
Creators: name: Huber, Valeska
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cholera
subject: contagion
subject: empire
subject: inequality
subject: internationalism
subject: transport and communication
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::900 Geschichte::900 Geschichte und Geografie

description: This article revisits the origins of internationalism in the field of health and shows how the cholera epidemics of the nineteenth century, much like the current coronavirus crisis, brought global differences such as social inequalities, political hierarchies, and scientific conflicts to the fore. Beyond drawing parallels between the cholera epidemics and the current crisis, the article argues for combining imperial and social histories in order to write richer and more grounded histories of internationalism. It explores this historiographical and methodological challenge by analysing the boardrooms of the international sanitary conferences, Middle Eastern quarantine stations catering for Mecca pilgrims, and ocean steamships aiming to move without delay during a worldwide health crisis.
Tau function of the CKP hierarchy and non-linearizable Virasoro symmetries
Creators: name: Chang, Liang
name: Wu, Chao-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a single tau function that represents the CKP hierarchy into a generalized Hirota "bilinear" equation. The actions on the tau function by additional symmetries for the hierarchy are calculated, which involve strictly more than a central extension of the $w^C_\infty$-algebra. As an application, for Drinfeld-Sokolov hierarchies of type C that are equivalent to certain reductions of the CKP hierarchy, their Virasoro symmetries are proved to be non-linearizable when acting on the tau function.
description: 29 pages, published version
On the Langevin description of nonequilibrium quantum fields
Creators: name: Gautier, Florian
name: Serreau, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the non-equilibrium dynamics of a real quantum scalar field. We show the formal equivalence of the exact evolution equations for the statistical and spectral two-point functions with a fictitious Langevin process and examine the conditions under which a local Markovian dynamics is a valid approximation. In quantum field theory, the memory kernel and the noise correlator typically exhibit long time power laws and are thus highly non-local, thereby questioning the possibility of a local description. We show that despite this fact, there is a finite time range during which a local description is accurate. This requires the theory to be (effectively) weakly coupled. We illustrate the use of such a local description for studies of decoherence and entropy production in quantum field theory.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, references added, typos corrected. To appear in Phys. Rev. D