cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
‘For Fear to Be Infect’: Reading the Female Body in Early Modern Revenge Drama
Creators: name: Ziegler, Molly
Publisher: name: Journal of Early Modern Studies
Year: 2021

description: The article examines representations of female revenge within early modern drama. While much scholarship frames revenge as a primarily masculine form of expression, the article argues that revenge is not solely a male-specific endeavour. Rather, there is an interconnectedness between female revengers’ modes of vengeance and their identities as women. This is present across multiple comedic and tragic works, with the bodies of female characters becoming the instruments of their revenge. Accordingly, these characters’ quests for vengeance signify not a departure from, but an embracing of female agency and nature. However, while this may suggest that revenge helps empower and showcase female characters, the language used to define their actions is often filled with imagery of disease and suffering. Thus characterised as agents of infection, female revengers are often more vilified than they are empowered. And, as female bodies are integral to the expression of female revenge, so too are feminine identities deemed transgressive. The article develops this argument over three sections: a discussion of early modern discourses on bodies, gender and infection; an analysis of how female bodies are implicated in dramatic depictions of female revenge; and, a discussion of how such representations conflate female bodies with infection, subversion and violence.
description: Journal of Early Modern Studies, Vol. 10 (2021): Early Modern Crime Literature: Ideology, Emotions and Social Norms
Government expenditures on agriculture in Latin America
Creators: name: Elias, Victor Jorge
name: Elias, Victor Jorge
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agriculture and state
subject: Latin America
subject: Economic aspects

description: Government expenditure is primarily determinant of the pace and pattern of agricultural growth. The size of government allocations to agriculture is an important indicator of government commitment to agricultural growth. How the resource are allocated is an important determinant of the efficiency of agriculture growth. Despite the central role of government expenditure little comparative analysis has been made of its size, its allocation, and its effect on agricultural production. As a result, there has been little pressure to develop an adequate data base for such requisite data discourages initiation of such analysis. In the research reported her Victor Elias concentrates on developing an adequate data base for analyzing government expenditures on agriculture for nine Latin American countries for the period 1950-78. Compiling the data on a comparable basis overtime and across countries was a time consuming process. Continued effort is needed to refine and enlarge the data set. Nevertheless, Elias is able to provide useful information on the variability of government expenditures on agriculture and its causes. As a longtime specialist in analysis of sources of growth, Elias uses the data for preliminary exploration of the effect of government expenditures on growth. Even with the crude data and analytical tools thus far assembled he is able to develop significant results. Refinement of the data and the analysis will continue. In the meantime Victor Elias and the International Food Policy Research Institute are pleased to make available the basic data so laboriously assembled. We hope that it will stimulate further improvement of the data base, similar analysis elsewhere, and fruitful interpretation of the role of public expenditure on agriculture and its interaction with other public policies. This research is part of a larger effort at the International Food Policy Research Institute concerned with strategies of development as they impinge on the agriculture and other sectors, as well as work on public expenditure.
Inflation without inflatons
Creators: name: Opher, Reuven
name: Pelinson, Ana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged)We present a model which predicts inflation without the presence of inflaton fields, based on the εR^2 and Starobinsky models. It links the above models to the observable universe, in particular, to the ratio r of tensor to scalar fluctuations. In our model, we assume the existence of particles with the mass M that have a long decay time. These particles which were gravitationally produced \sim 60e-folds before the end of inflation produced the nearly scale invariant scalar density fluctuations which are observed. Gravitational waves (tensor fluctuations) were also produced at this epoch. The ratio of tensor to scalar fluctuations r (which are to be measured in the near future to good accuracy) determines M, which together with H_0, determine the time at the end of inflation, t_end. At t_end, the Hubble parameter begins to oscillate rapidly, gravitationally producing the bulk of the M particles, which we identify with the matter content of the universe today. The time required for the universe to dissipate its vacuum energy into M particles is found to be t_dis \simeq 6M_Pl^2/M^3. We assume that the time t_RH, (called the reheating time) needed for the M particles to decay into relativistic particles, is very much greater than that necessary to create the M particles, t_dis. From the ratio f\equiv t_dis/t_RH and g_\ast (the total number of degrees of freedom of the relativistic particles) we can, then, evaluate the maximum temperature of the universe, T_max, and the reheat temperature, T_RH, at t_RH. Our model, thus, predicts M, t_dis, t_end, T_max, T_RH, t_max, and t_RH as a function of r, f, and g_\ast (and to a weaker extent the particle content of the vacuum near the Planck epoch).
description: 11 pages, 2 figures. Revised version, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Titel zur armenischen, syrisch-jakobitischen, koptischen, äthiopischen, syrisch-malabarischen und nestorianischen Kirche
Creators: name: Arvanitis, A.
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 51 (1967): Oriens christianus, Band 51
Crime and Punishment in William Davenant’s Macbeth: A Stoic Perception
Creators: name: AL-Shayban, Samia
Publisher: name: Journal of Early Modern Studies
Year: 2021

description: The article challenges the dominant critical perception which assumes that Davenant’s Macbeth is a simple adaptation of Shakespeare’s tragedy. Against this reading, and in harmony with Barthes’s theory of the text, Macbeth is here read as a dynamic and independent dramatic agent rather than a copy of a superior text. Seen in this perspective, Davenant’s Macbeth emerges as a manifestation of the Roman Stoics’ moral perception of ambition with its destructive course and tragic end. To the Roman Stoics, ambition is a disease that affects the individual’s soul and leads to his or her ultimate destruction. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth display the symptoms the Stoics associate with this disease: they exist outside the bounds of nature; experience grave unhappiness; and follow Fortune to their deaths. As a result, the play is not only a dramatic manifestation, but rather a genuine moral examination of the key characters’ crimes and their unavoidable punishment. The crimes of Macbeth and his Lady, motivated by their ambition, along with their final downfall are Davenant’s dramatic attempt to control the Restoration public’s behaviour and warn them against unruly emotions. By association, Davenant urges his audience to denounce the English Civil War and prove their allegiance to the newly restored monarchy. Thus, Davenant’s adaptation emerges as an independent play, and as a moral medium which produces a political message suitable to his own challenging time and to the newly restored monarchy.
description: Journal of Early Modern Studies, Vol. 10 (2021): Early Modern Crime Literature: Ideology, Emotions and Social Norms
Thermally Driven Josephson Oscillations in Superfluid 4He
Creators: name: Hoskinson, E.
name: Packard, R. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find that a temperature differential can drive superfluid oscillations in 4He. The oscillations are excited by a heater which causes a time dependent temperature differential across an array of 70nm apertures. By measuring the oscillation frequency and simultaneously determining both temperature and pressure differentials we prove the validity of the most general form of the Josephson frequency relation. These observations were made near saturated vapor pressure, within a few mK of the superfluid transition temperature.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Non minimal D-type conformal matter compactified on three punctured spheres
Creators: name: Sabag, Evyatar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study compactifications of $6d$ non minimal $(D_{p+3},D_{p+3})$ type conformal matter. These can be described by $N$ M5-branes probing a $D_{p+3}$-type singularity. We derive $4d$ Lagrangians corresponding to compactifications of such $6d$ SCFTs on three punctured spheres (trinions) with two maximal punctures and one minimal puncture. The trinion models are described by simple $\mathcal{N}=1$ quivers with $SU(2N)$ gauge nodes. We derive the trinion Lagrangians using RG flows between the aforementioned $6d$ SCFTs with different values of $p$ and their relations to matching RG flows in their compactifications to $4d$. The suggested trinions are shown to reduce to known models in the minimal case of $N=1$. Additional checks are made to show the new minimal punctures uphold the expected S-duality between models in which we exchange two such punctures. We also show that closing the new minimal puncture leads to expected flux tube models.
description: 28 pages, 12 figures. Minor text revisions
Additional file 4 of Clonal evolution driven by superdriver mutations
Creators: name: Grossmann, Patrick
name: Cristea, Simona
name: Beerenwinkel, Niko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Supplementary Table 1. First linear regression model used to predict the deviation between the simulated waiting times and the analytical approximation.
‘Giudicho essere più ghuadagnio lo spendere qui che ’l ghuadagniare chostì’
Creators: name: Serra, Eleonora
Publisher: name: Journal of Early Modern Studies
Year: 2021

description: This paper examines the experiences of the plague in early sixteenth-century Italy from the perspective of one Florentine family, the Buonarroti, based on their vast correspondence. The paper explores the way the Buonarroti family members gave voice to their anxieties, particularly with regard to the violent outbreak that swept across Italy in the 1520s. It also examines the advice that family members gave each other, assessing the extent to which this reflected recommendations found in contemporary medical literature. These recommendations most often amounted to fleeing to isolated places, and avoiding contact with individuals and with potentially infected objects. Recommendations about prayers are also found. Comments on the notion of ‘bad’ air are especially frequent, showing that a close association between the concept of contagion and the concept of corrupt air existed not only in medical literature, but even for lay people. The paper underlines the dilemmas the Buonarroti family members (several of whom were wool merchants) faced when it came to choosing between saving their businesses or protecting their health. Finally, it explores writers’ perceptions of social differences, which times of plague might accentuate: their views of servants and of the poor, during outbreaks, were ambivalent, oscillating between compassion and anxiety.
description: Journal of Early Modern Studies, 2020: Plagues in Early Modern Europe: Online First
A Comparative Study of FAO and USDA Data on Production, Area, and Trade of Major Food Staples
Creators: name: Paulino, Leonardo A.
name: Tseng, Shen Sheng
name: Paulino, Leonardo A.
name: Tseng, Shen Sheng
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Agriculture
subject: Statistical services
subject: Produce trade
subject: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
subject: United States Dept. of Agriculture

description: The setting of priorities for policy research at the International Food Policy Research Institute depends largely on an understanding of basic national and global trends in food production, consumption, and trade. Although IFPRI draws heavily on the analyses by FAO and other agencies for much of this information, it is also intensely examines the basic data, not only to carefully adjust its own program but to judge independently the key variable in these trends. Initially IFPRI worked largely from USDA data, but recent efforts have depended primarily on FAO statistics. This experience with the published data of both agencies has led Leonardo Paulino and Shen Sheng Tseng to undertake this analyses available to the research community at large, we hope to encourage an expanded dialogue on ways of improving the agricultural data. Solutions to many of the world’s food problems require policies that can only be debated, agreed upon, and implemented if there is a consensus about the underlying facts. This study points up the underlying facts. This study points up the uncertainly of some of the information on agricultural production and trade. Lack of confidence in such data not only inhabits diagnosis of problems but prejudices the choice of policy instruments. For example, it is unlikely that agreement can be reached on operating rules for global food security schemes based on changes in domestic production as long as doubts about the data exist. Thus, it is imperative that developing countries in particular improve their capacity to assemble more reliable statistics on food production, consumption, and trade so that strides can ne made in policy development.
Preparing for Plague in 1720s London
Creators: name: Clegg, Jeanne
Publisher: name: Journal of Early Modern Studies
Year: 2021

description: Soon after the Black Death reached Italy in the autumn of 1347, the city-states of the quadrilateral instituted Boards of Health dedicated to keeping the disease out, containing its spread and eradicating conditions in which it thrived. Italian practices were later imitated by countries across Europe but not until the early eighteenth century were preventative measures introduced at state level in England. When epidemic struck Provence in 1720, the Whig ministry took powers to impose embargoes, quarantining of ships and cordons sanitaires around infected towns, but was forced to beat a partial retreat by attacks from mercantile interests, by the Country opposition and by anti-contagionists, attacks fuelled by appeals to preserve ‘English Liberties’.It was in this context that Defoe published Due Preparations for the Plague, As Well for Soul as Body. The treatise proposes measures both ‘General’ (to be carried out by governments and magistates, and publicly financed) and ‘Particular’ (organised by individuals and families). Taken together they constitute a series of experiments in avoiding contagion by ‘separating the People as much as possible from one another’. Experimental also with respect to serious plague discourse is Defoe’s intermingling of narrative and dialogue as means of helping readers imagine themselves already under the plague, and motivate them to prepare for an event never experienced. In A Journal of the Plague Year Defoe was to rework his proposals, re-framing and reinterpreting them in a less prescriptive mode and a more collective slant.
description: Journal of Early Modern Studies, 2020: Plagues in Early Modern Europe: Online First
Introducing Relativity in Global Navigation Satellite Systems
Creators: name: Pascual-Sanchez, J. -F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Today, the Global Navigation Satellite Systems, used as global positioning systems, are the GPS and the GLONASS. They are based on a Newtonian model and hence they are only operative when several relativistic effects are taken into account. The most important relativistic effects (to order 1/c^2) are: the Einstein gravitational blue shift effect of the satellite clock frequency (Equivalence Principle of General Relativity) and the Doppler red shift of second order, due to the motion of the satellite (Special Relativity). On the other hand, in a few years the Galileo system will be built, copying the GPS system unless an alternative project is designed. In this work, it will be also shown that the SYPOR project, using fully relativistic concepts, is an alternative to a mere copy of the GPS system. According to this project, the Galileo system would be exact and there would be no need for relativistic corrections.
description: 24 pages, RevTeX 4, based on a talk given in "International School: Relativistic Coordinates, Reference and Positioning Systems", Salamanca (Spain), January 21-25, 2005; final version with an extended section on the SYPOR project, accepted in Annalen der Physik (Leipzig)
‘my good sweett mouse’. Letters in Time of Plague
Creators: name: Pugliatti, Paola
Publisher: name: Journal of Early Modern Studies
Year: 2020

description: Among the Henslowe-Alleyn papers donated by Edward Alleyn to Dulwich College in 1619 is a group of letters exchanged in 1593 between the Henslowe household in London, where Alleyn’s young wife Joan then lived, and Edward Alleyn, then touring in the provinces with Lord Strange’s men, when the London theatres were closed on account of the plague. These letters have always been read for the (scanty) contribution they give to the history of Elizabethan theatre. What has not been considered is their pragmatic peculiarity, which illustrates a real, and probably very rare case of collaboration in letter-writing. Joan Alleyn’s literacy was probably either incomplete, or null, and the letters sent to Alleyn were written by Henslowe, who was Joan’s step-father, and who, in turn, ‘received’ Alleyn’s letters to Joan and probably read them to her. The essay first describes the context in which the exchange took place: the 1592-1594 London plague epidemic, the consequent closing of the theatres, and the plague’s impact on the suburb of Southwark where the Henslowes lived; it also outlines the particular social, economic and affective features of the Henslowe family; then it examines the particular pragmatic situation in which the drafting of the letters a young bride addressed to her husband was entrusted to a figure of authority like a father rather than a scribe, a servant, a secretary, or a clerk, that is, the only figures considered by letter-writing theorists as a woman’s ‘extension’ of meanings, or ‘ventriloquist’ substitute. The article also intends to illuminate the figure of Joan Alleyn, née Woodward, her role as subject to her father’s patriarchy in her parents’ house, her management of her own household, and, for many years, the object of her husband’s love and care, when she followed, and was part of Edward Alleyn’s fortune – first as a renowned ‘model actor’ and later as a successful entrepreneur and philanthropist.
description: Journal of Early Modern Studies, 2020: Plagues in Early Modern Europe: Online First
ALMA Observations of Multiple-CO and C Lines Toward the Active Galactic Nucleus of NGC 7469: X-Ray-dominated Region Caught in the Act
Creators: name: Izumi, Takuma
name: Nguyen, Dieu D.
name: Imanishi, Masatoshi
name: Kawamuro, Taiki
name: Baba, Shunsuke
name: Nakano, Suzuka
name: Kohno, Kotaro
name: Matsushita, Satoki
name: Meier, David S.
name: Turner, Jean L.
name: Michiyama, Tomonari
name: Harada, Nanase
name: Martín, Sergio
name: Nakanishi, Kouichiro
name: Takano, Shuro
name: Wiklind, Tommy
name: Nakai, Naomasa
name: Hsieh, Pei-Ying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to map $^{12}$CO($J$ = 1-0), $^{12}$CO($J$ = 2-1), $^{12}$CO($J$ = 3-2), $^{13}$CO($J$ = 2-1), and [CI]($^3P_1$-$^3P_0$) emission lines around the type 1 active galactic nucleus (AGN) of NGC 7469 ($z = 0.0164$) at $\sim 100$ pc resolutions. The CO lines are bright both in the circumnuclear disk (central $\sim 300$ pc) and the surrounding starburst (SB) ring ($\sim 1$ kpc diameter), with two bright peaks on either side of the AGN. By contrast, the [CI]($^3P_1$-$^3P_0$) line is strongly peaked on the AGN. Consequently, the brightness temperature ratio of [CI]($^3P_1$-$^3P_0$) to $^{13}$CO(2-1) is $\sim 20$ at the AGN, as compared to $\sim 2$ in the SB ring. Our local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE models indicate that the enhanced line ratios (or CI enhancement) are due to an elevated C$^0$/CO abundance ratio ($\sim 3-10$) and temperature ($\sim 100-500$ K) around the AGN as compared to the SB ring (abundance ratio $\sim 1$, temperature $\lesssim 100$ K), which accords with the picture of the X-ray-dominated Region (XDR). Based on dynamical modelings, we also provide CO(1-0)-to- and [CI]($^3P_1$-$^3P_0$)-to-molecular mass conversion factors at the central $\sim 100$ pc of this AGN as $α_{\rm CO} = 4.1$ and $α_{\rm CI} = 4.4~M_\odot$ (K km s$^{-1}$ pc$^2$)$^{-1}$, respectively. Our results suggest that the CI enhancement is potentially a good marker of AGNs that could be used in a new submillimeter diagnostic method toward dusty environments.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures, 8 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Minor updates in a replacement
Additional file 1 of Clonal evolution driven by superdriver mutations
Creators: name: Grossmann, Patrick
name: Cristea, Simona
name: Beerenwinkel, Niko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. Location (i.e., generation) extracted from fitting quadratic polynomials for all 50 replicates separately at driver selection s = 0.01. The figure displays the distribution of location for waves with 0–3 superdriver mutations (columns, S0-S3) and 1–2 driver mutations (rows, D1 and D2). Generally, locations follows a sigmoid curve and is shorter for high superdriver selection c.
Integrability of Supergravity Billiards and the generalized Toda lattice equation
Creators: name: Fré, Pietro
name: Sorin, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that the field equations of supergravity for purely time-dependent backgrounds, which reduce to those of a one--dimensional sigma model, admit a Lax pair representation and are fully integrable. In the case where the effective sigma model is on a maximally split non--compact coset U/H (maximal supergravity or subsectors of lower supersymmetry supergravities) we are also able to construct a completely explicit analytic integration algorithm, adapting a method introduced by Kodama et al in a recent paper. The properties of the general integral are particularly suggestive. Initial data are represented by a pair C_0, h_0 where C_0 is in the CSA of the Lie algebra of U and h_0 in H/W is in the compact subgroup H modded by the Weyl group of U. At asymptotically early and asymptotically late times the Lax operator is always in the Cartan subalgebra and due to the iso-spectral property the two limits differ only by the action of some element of the Weyl group. Hence the entire cosmic evolution can be seen as a billiard scattering with quantized angles defined by the Weyl group. The solution algorithm realizes a map from H}/W into W.
description: article, LaTeX, 25 pages
A 3D Simulation of a Neutrino-Driven Supernova Explosion Aided By Convection and Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Müller, Bernhard
name: Varma, Vishnu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the impact of a small-scale dynamo in core-collapse supernovae using a 3D neutrino magnetohydrodynamics simulation of a $15 M_\odot$ progenitor. The weak seed field is amplified exponentially in the gain region once neutrino-driven convection develops, and remains dominated by small-scale structures. About $250\, \mathrm{ms}$ after bounce, the field energy in the gain region reaches $\mathord{\sim} 50\%$ of kinetic equipartition. This supports the development of a neutrino-driven explosion with modest global anisotropy, which does not occur in a corresponding model without magnetic fields. Our results suggest that magnetic fields may play a beneficial subsidiary role in neutrino-driven supernovae even without rapid progenitor rotation. Further investigation into the nature of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in the supernova core is required.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
Brazil’s Minimum Price Policy and the Agricultural Sector of Northeast Brazil
Creators: name: Fox, Roger W.
name: Fox, Roger W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Agricultural price supports
subject: Northeast Brazil
subject: Agriculture Economic aspects
subject: Agricultural credit

description: The effect pubic policy has on the relative prices of agricultural commodities is a controversial topic in developing countries, developed countries, and international agencies alike. The controversy arises as a result of a lack of understanding of the conflicting effects of relative price changes on various producer and consumer income classes and, when the effects are understood, as a result of emphasizing the value class over another. Unfortunately, there are a few case studies available on the workings of the many and varied approaches taken to agricultural price policy in the developing countries. IFPRI was delighted to take advantage of Roger Fox’s availability to make this study of the minimum price program of Brazil, as it applies to the low-income, agriculturally based Northeast region of the country.
Additional file 2 of Clonal evolution driven by superdriver mutations
Creators: name: Grossmann, Patrick
name: Cristea, Simona
name: Beerenwinkel, Niko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure 2. Height (i.e., frequency) extracted from fitting quadratic polynomials for all 50 replicates separately at driver selection s = 0.01. Columns and rows are number of superdriver and driver mutations, respectively: 0–3 superdriver mutations (S0-S3) and 0–2 driver mutations (D0 -D2). For waves with two driver mutations, height of waves is significantly lower when superdriver selection is high.
Foodgrain Supply, Distribution, and Consumption Policies within a Duel Pricing Mechanism: a Case Study of Bangladesh
Creators: name: Ahmed, Raisuddin
name: Ahmed, Raisuddin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food supply
subject: Bangladesh
subject: Rice
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Prices

description: Conflict between the short run welfare of poor consumers and agricultural production incentives creates some of the most difficult policy issues facing developing countries. Resulting policy option constraints are particularly severe in very low income countries. The conflict may on the one hand impede the growth in al production essential to improve long term welfare of low income consumers, and on the other hand restrain policies to increase consumption, which in the long run is essential to the success of the measures taken to increase production. The widely observed phenomenon of urban bias in food price policy is itself a product of the nature of low income societies and of this complex conflict. This research by Raisuddin Ahmed delineates and describes the complex interacting parts of this conflict in Bangladesh, one of the lowest income Third World countries. The study is one of a series being conducted at the International Food Policy Institute dealing generally with policies influencing the effective demand for food as specifically with food subsidies policies in South Asia. A study by Shubh Kumar, based on detailed survey of families in Kerala, India, was published in January 1979. It measured the effect of various food policies on the nutritional status and health of infants. A study by P.S George, examining historically and in detail the operation of the food distribution program in Kerala, is of particular interest in its treatment of the interaction of distribution and procurement policies. This study by Raisuddin Ahmed provides valuable information on who benefits from the public distribution, what feasible policy options are available for the rural poor, and the nature of the interaction between the public and market distribution systems which together compromise the dual market mechanism of foodgrain distribution in Bangladesh. The manner of treatment and types of questions addressed make the study especially valuable to persons operating or contemplating development of large scale food distribution.
Spallation dominated propagation of Heavy Cosmic Rays and the Local Interstellar Medium (LISM)
Creators: name: Combet, C.
name: Maurin, D.
name: Donnelly, J.
name: Drury, L. O'C
name: Vangioni-Flam, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of ultra heavy nuclei at GeV/n energies in the galactic cosmic radiation address the question of the sources (nucleosynthetic s- and r-processes). As such, the determination of CR source abundances is a promising way to discriminate between existing nucleosynthesis models. For primary species (nuclei present and accelerated at sources), it is generally assumed that the relative propagated abundances, if they are close in mass, are not too different from their relative source abundances. Besides, the range of the correction factor associated to propagation has been estimated in weighted slab models only. Heavy CRs that are detected near Earth were accelerated from regions that are closer to us than were the light nuclei. Hence, the geometry of sources in the Solar neighbourhood, and as equally important, the geometry of gas in the same region, must be taken into account. In this paper, a two zone diffusion model is used, and as was previously investigated for radioactive species, we report here on the impact of the local interstellar medium (LISM) feature (under-dense medium over a scale ~100 pc) on primary and secondary stable nuclei propagated abundances. Going down to Fe nuclei, the connection between heavy and light abundances is also inspected. A general trend is found that decreases the UHCR source abundances relative to the HCR ones. This could have an impact on the level of r-process required to reproduce the data.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted by A&A. Comparison with truncated weighted slab and discussion added. Figure 8 modified. New appendix on truncated weighted slab technique
Enhanced noise resilience of the surface-GKP code via designed bias
Creators: name: Hänggli, Lisa
name: Heinze, Margret
name: Koenig, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the code obtained by concatenating the standard single-mode Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code with the surface code. We show that the noise tolerance of this surface-GKP code with respect to (Gaussian) displacement errors improves when a single-mode squeezing unitary is applied to each mode assuming that the identification of quadratures with logical Pauli operators is suitably modified. We observe noise-tolerance thresholds of up to $σ\approx 0.58$ shift-error standard deviation when the surface code is decoded without using GKP syndrome information. In contrast, prior results by Fukui et al. and Vuillot et al. report a threshold between $σ\approx 0.54$ and $σ\approx 0.55$ for the standard (toric-, respectively) surface-GKP code. The modified surface-GKP code effectively renders the mode-level physical noise asymmetric, biasing the logical-level noise on the GKP-qubits. The code can thus benefit from the resilience of the surface code against biased noise. We use the approximate maximum likelihood decoding algorithm of Bravyi et al. to obtain our threshold estimates. Throughout, we consider an idealized scenario where measurements are noiseless and GKP states are ideal. Our work demonstrates that Gaussian encodings of individual modes can enhance concatenated codes.
description: 30 pages, 12 figures
Additional file 1 of The role of steroid injection for vocal folds lesions in professional voice users
Creators: name: Al-Ali, Mohamed
name: Anderson, Jennifer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Laryngeal Injection Flowsheet.
Coherent radio pulses from showers in different media: A unified parameterization
Creators: name: Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime
name: Marqués, Enrique
name: Vázquez, Ricardo A.
name: Zas, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the frequency and angular dependences of Cherenkov radio pulses originated by the excess of electrons in electromagnetic showers in different dense media. We develop a simple model to relate the main characteristics of the electric field spectrum to the properties of the shower such as longitudinal and lateral development. This model allows us to establish the scaling of the electric field spectrum with the properties of the medium such as density, radiation length, Moliere radius, critical energy and refraction index. We normalize the predictions of the scaling relations to the numerical results obtained in our own developed GEANT4-based Monte Carlo simulation, and we give a unified parameterization of the frequency spectrum and angular distribution of the electric field in ice, salt, and the lunar regolith, in terms of the relevant properties of the media. Our parameterizations are valid for electromagnetic showers below the energy at which the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect starts to be relevant in these media. They also provide an approximate estimate of radio emission in hadronic showers induced by high energy cosmic rays or neutrinos.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Arvanitis, A.: Geschichte, Lehre, Institutionen, Kult und Leben der koptischen Kirche
Creators: name: Davids, E.
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 51 (1967): Oriens christianus, Band 51
Isogeny classes of abelian varieties over function fields
Creators: name: Zarhin, Yuri G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 14K02; 14D07

description: We study isogeny classes of abelian varieties over a function field in one variable over the field of complex numbers.
description: 22 pages
HEDGE DINÂMICOS: UMA EVIDÊNCIA PARA OS CONTRATOS FUTUROS BRASILEIROS
Creators: name: Bitencourt, Wanderci Alves
name: Silva, Washington Santos
name: Safadi, Thelma
name: Bitencourt, Wanderci Alves
name: Silva, Washington Santos
name: Safadi, Thelma
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Hedge optimal ratio
subject: GARCH BEKK model
subject: regression

description: The farming sector is changing, growing and occupying a position of prominence in the economy. These transformations start to demand a bigger concern with the management of risks of the activity. In this direction, the contracts traded at BM&F had become efficient instruments in the reduction of the market risk, through an operation called hedge. However, there is still the necessity of improving of the econometrical techniques for the estimation of the optimal hedge ratio, therefore, it is observed in the brazilian literature that the majority of the works doesn’t consider some aspects of the behavior of the series of returns. Thus, the present work seeks to analyze two methods for the calculation of these hedge optimal ratio, the conventional model of regression and the bivariate GARCH BEKK model that considers the conditional correlations of the series. The preliminary analysis of the results indicates that the hedge optimal ratio is not constant through time, suggesting that the use of models that consider the time dependence of the series is more realistic. The methodology is applied to the prices of the beef cattle commodity.
Entanglement creation and distribution on a graph of exchange-coupled qutrits
Creators: name: Hadley, Christopher
name: Serafini, Alessio
name: Bose, Sougato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a protocol that allows both the creation and distribution of entanglement, resulting in two distant parties (Alice and Bob) conclusively sharing a bipartite Bell State. The system considered is a graph of three-level objects ("qutrits") coupled by SU(3) exchange operators. The protocol begins with a third party (Charlie) encoding two lattice sites in unentangled states, and allowing unitary evolution under time. Alice and Bob perform a projective measurement on their respective qutrits at a given time, and obtain a maximally-entangled Bell state with a certain probablility. We also consider two further protocols, one based on simple repetition and the other based on successive measurements and conditional resetting, and show that the cumulative probability of creating a Bell state between Alice and Bob tends to unity.
description: Added seven references, clarified argument for eqn (16)
The impact of water law enforcement on corporations : a comparison of British Columbia’s Lower Fraser Basin and Washington State’s Puget Sound area
Creators: name: Kiss, Emese
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The understanding of the interface between ecological and regulatory systems is necessary for the evaluation of the effectiveness of current environmental management strategies and for the design and implementation of new ones. The aim of this thesis is threefold. First, to compare and contrast the US and the Canadian environmental enforcement systems as they manifest in similar ecological systems, the Lower Fraser Basin - Puget Sound (LFB-PS) watersheds. Secondarily, to assess the tangible and intangible costs and benefits that emerged as a result of experiencing a water quality related enforcement action during the 1997-2000 time period for a random sample of companies located in these watersheds. Thirdly, to examine the feedback and learning effects that resulted from these incidents. Through case analysis based on literature review and interviews with members of the regulatory community the two enforcement systems are compared. Systematically collected primary data via confidential interviews with companies provided for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the tangible and intangible costs, as well as for an assessment of and the nature and effectiveness of existing feedback loops and learning processes. The results have shown that even though the connection between ecosystem inputs and enforcement inputs in the PS area have proven to be tighter and relatively more complex than in the LFB, they did not seem to lead to an improved permitting process. Compliance rates are generally higher in the PS indicating more effectiveness of that system on the input side. In terms of charges and compliance effects, penalties were not higher in the PS area only when measured by direct and indirect associated costs. Comparing the complexity of the two systems has led to the discovery that the PS system has more components, levels, number of interactions, available feedback mechanisms, and longer history. However, the actual number of adjustments in the system that ultimately determine learning and change was lower since the meaningfulness of the information exchanged and the frequency of the utilization of available feedback mechanisms was less. Overall, the PS system is better for ensuring organizational compliance with water quality standards in the short term but not on the long term. For improving environmental performance, the LFB system is more equipped and adaptable due to its smaller system size and its focus on constructive feedback.
Focused-ion-beam milling based nanostencil mask fabrication for spin transfer torque studies
Creators: name: Oezyilmaz, B.
name: Richter, G.
name: Muesgens, N.
name: Fraune, M.
name: Hawraneck, M.
name: Beschoten, B.
name: Guentherodt, G.
name: Bueckins, M.
name: Mayer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Focused-ion-beam milling is used to fabricate nanostencil masks suitable for the fabrication of magnetic nanostructures relevant for spin transfer torque studies. Nanostencil masks are used to define the device dimensions prior to the growth of the thin film stack. They consist of a wet etch resistant top layer and an insulator on top of a pre-patterned bottom electrode. The insulator supports a hard mask and gives rise to an undercut by its selective etching. The approach is demonstrated by fabricating current perpendicular to the plane Co/Cu/Co nanopillar junctions, which exhibit current-induced magnetization dynamics.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, submitted to APL
Dirac quasinormal modes of power-Maxwell charged black holes in Rastall gravity
Creators: name: Shao, Cai-Ying
name: Hu, Yu
name: Shao, Yu-Jie Tan Cheng-Gang
name: Lin, Kai
name: Qian, Wei-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the quasinormal modes of the massless Dirac field for charged black holes in Rastall gravity. The spherically symmetric black hole solutions in question are characterized by the presence of a power-Maxwell field, surrounded by the quintessence fluid. The calculations are carried out by employing the WKB approximations up to the thirteenth order, as well as the matrix method. The temporal evolution of the quasinormal modes is investigated by using the finite difference method. Through numerical simulations, the properties of the quasinormal frequencies are analyzed, including those for the extremal black holes. Among others, we explore the case of a second type of extremal black holes regarding the Nariai solution, where the cosmical and event horizon coincide. The results obtained by the WKB approaches are found to be mostly consistent with those by the matrix method. It is demonstrated that the black hole solutions for Rastall gravity in asymptotically flat spacetimes are equivalent to those in Einstein gravity, featured by different asymptotical spacetime properties. As one of its possible consequences, we also investigate the behavior of the late-time tails of quasinormal models in the present model. It is found that the asymptotical behavior of the late-time tails of quasinormal modes in Rastall theory is governed by the asymptotical properties of the spacetimes of their counterparts in Einstein gravity.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures, and 2 tables
Two-dimensional models as testing ground for principles and concepts of local quantum physics
Creators: name: Schroer, Bert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the past two-dimensional models of QFT have served as theoretical laboratories for testing new concepts under mathematically controllable condition. In more recent times low-dimensional models (e.g. chiral models, factorizing models) often have been treated by special recipes in a way which sometimes led to a loss of unity of QFT. In the present work I try to counteract this apartheid tendency by reviewing past results within the setting of the general principles of QFT. To this I add two new ideas: (1) a modular interpretation of the chiral model Diff(S)-covariance with a close connection to the recently formulated local covariance principle for QFT in curved spacetime and (2) a derivation of the chiral model temperature duality from a suitable operator formulation of the angular Wick rotation (in analogy to the Nelson-Symanzik duality in the Ostertwalder-Schrader setting) for rational chiral theories. The SL(2,Z) modular Verlinde relation is a special case of this thermal duality and (within the family of rational models) the matrix S appearing in the thermal duality relation becomes identified with the statistics character matrix S. The relevant angular Euclideanization'' is done in the setting of the Tomita-Takesaki modular formalism of operator algebras. I find it appropriate to dedicate this work to the memory of J. A. Swieca with whom I shared the interest in two-dimensional models as a testing ground for QFT for more than one decade. This is a significantly extended version of an ``Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics'' contribution hep-th/0502125.
description: 55 pages, removal of some typos in section 6