cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Charge Conservation and Higher Moments of Charge Fluctuations
Creators: name: Pratt, Scott
name: Steinhorst, Rachel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Higher moments of distributions of net charge and baryon number in heavy-ion collisions have been proposed as signals of fundamental QCD phase transitions. In order to better understand background processes for these observables, models are presented which enable one to gauge the effects of local charge conservation, decays of resonances and clusters, Bose symmetrization, and volume fluctuations. Monte Carlo methods for generating samplings of particles consistent with local charge conservation are presented, and are followed by a review of simple analytic models involving a single type of charge with a constant experimental efficiency. The main model consists of thermal emission superimposed onto a simple parameterization of collective flow, known as a blast-wave, with emission being consistent with individual canonical ensembles. The spatial extent of local charge conservation is parameterized by the size and extent over which charge is conserved. The sensitivity of third and fourth order moments, skewness and kurtosis, to these parameters, and to beam energy and baryon density is explored. Comparisons with STAR data show that a significant part of the observed non-Poissonian fluctuations in net-proton fluctuations are explained by charge and baryon-number conservation, but that measurements of the STAR collaboration for fluctuations of net electric charge significantly differ from expectations of the models presented here.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 2 of Acute conversion of patient-derived Duchenne muscular dystrophy iPSC into myotubes reveals constitutive and inducible over-activation of TGFβ-dependent pro-fibrotic signaling
Creators: name: Caputo, Luca
name: Granados, Alice
name: Lenzi, Jessica
name: Rosa, Alessandro
name: Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane
name: Puri, Pier Lorenzo
name: Albini, Sonia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Validation of the exacerbated TGFβ response in DMD iPSC ex45del- derived myotubes.
Farmers’ Choice and Informal Credit Markets in China
Creators: name: Yuan, Yan
name: Hu, Youxin
name: Gao, Ping
name: Yuan, Yan
name: Hu, Youxin
name: Gao, Ping
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: International Development
subject: informal credit
subject: financial constraints
subject: China

description: Informal credit markets are very active in many developing countries including China. Informal financial associations have become a major channel of borrowing. Using data from the 2006 Rural Household Survey, this paper investigates farmers’ borrowings from both formal and informal sources with higher/lower interest, by looking into both demand and supply of loan. Consistent with the theory and previous studies, age follows an inverted U-shaped pattern in its relationship with the probability of borrowing from informal loan with higher interest. Our study shows that the impact of age disappears for the formal loan participation. In addition, high income and saving imply lower credit constraints. Moreover, household and county characteristics and financial conditions have a large and varying influence on farmers’ borrowing behavior.
Thermodynamical consistent CJT calculation in studying nuclear matter
Creators: name: Shu, Song
name: Li, Jia-Rong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have attempted to apply the CJT formalism to study the nuclear matter. The thermodynamic potential is calculated in Hartree-Fock approximation in the CJT formalism. After neglecting the medium effects to the mesons, the numerical results are found very consistent with those obtained from the mean field calculation. In our calculation the thermodynamical consistency is also preserved.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 3 of Acute conversion of patient-derived Duchenne muscular dystrophy iPSC into myotubes reveals constitutive and inducible over-activation of TGFβ-dependent pro-fibrotic signaling
Creators: name: Caputo, Luca
name: Granados, Alice
name: Lenzi, Jessica
name: Rosa, Alessandro
name: Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane
name: Puri, Pier Lorenzo
name: Albini, Sonia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. Optimization of parameters and antibodies used in HCS.
Dynamical Instability of a Doubly Quantized Vortex in a Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Shin, Y.
name: Saba, M.
name: Vengalattore, M.
name: Pasquini, T. A.
name: Sanner, C.
name: Leanhardt, A. E.
name: Prentiss, M.
name: Pritchard, D. E.
name: Ketterle, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Doubly quantized vortices were topologically imprinted in $|F=1>$ $^{23}$Na condensates, and their time evolution was observed using a tomographic imaging technique. The decay into two singly quantized vortices was characterized and attributed to dynamical instability. The time scale of the splitting process was found to be longer at higher atom density.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Title: Biodiversity Loss through the lenses of Artificial Selection and Monoculture
Creators: name: Blodgett, David
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2025

description: Today’s consumers have a certain expectation of what food looks like in its unprocessed or minimally processed form. This exercise aims to provide specific examples of produce purchased at a grocery store to identify which characteristics they use to select the perfect fruit or vegetable and how this might differ from the traits farmers and distributors might choose. This will first provide the opportunity to differentiate between natural and artificial selection, and then it will proceed into explaining the role the different traits play in their selection. This second discussion aims to highlight how crops are grown, shipped, and processed. In each section, we will focus on the concept of biodiversity (one of the planetary boundaries) to highlight how the resource-intensive food system compromises biodiversity within a species (i.e. limited varieties) and among species (i.e. through growing via monoculture). The use of tangible fruits and vegetables will help transition from the role students understand (i.e. what foods look like in the grocery store and on their plates because they are consumers) versus the process that might be distant for many of them (the resource and input-intensive agricultural methods to grow those foods). Depending on the location and time of year, varieties of fruits and vegetables purchased from a farmstand, or farmers market can be compared to grocery store items to highlight the loss of biodiversity
A note on local higher regularity in the dynamic linear relaxed micromorphic model
Creators: name: Owczarek, Sebastian
name: Ghiba, Ionel-Dumitrel
name: Neff, Patrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the regularity question of solutions for the dynamic initial-boundary value problem for the linear relaxed micromorphic model. This generalized continuum model couples a wave-type equation for the displacement with a generalized Maxwell-type wave equation for the micro-distortion. Naturally solutions are found in ${\rm H}^1$ for the displacement $u$ and ${\rm H}({\rm Curl})$ for the microdistortion $P$. Using energy estimates for difference quotients, we improve this regularity. We show ${\rm H}^1_{\rm loc}$-regularity for the displacement field, ${\rm H}^1_{\rm loc}$-regularity for the micro-distortion tensor $P$ and that ${\rm Curl}\,P$ is ${\rm H}^1$-regular if the data is sufficiently smooth.
Additional file 1 of Citrullinated myelin induces microglial TNFα and inhibits endogenous repair in the cuprizone model of demyelination
Creators: name: Standiford, Miranda M.
name: Grund, Ethan M.
name: Howe, Charles L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Citrullinated myelin-fed microglia do not influence OPC proliferation. A Primary microglia were treated with myelin products for 24 h, then co-cultured with GFP-labeled OPCs following a complete media change (green). B Twenty-four hours after co-incubation, OPC proliferation was assessed using the Click-iT Edu Proliferation Assay Kit. Figure S2. Injection of citrullinated myelin drives microglial activation. 72 h after injection of myelin, Iba-1+ reactive cells were colocalized with the microglia-specific marker TMEM119, as assessed by immunostaining. Figure S3. Relative to vehicle- or UNMOD myelin-injected mice, TNFα levels remain elevated in the cortex of cuprizone-demyelinated mice 1 week after injection of CIT myelin.
QCD sum rule approach for the light scalar mesons as four-quark states
Creators: name: Brito, Thiago V.
name: Navarra, Fernando S.
name: Nielsen, Marina
name: Bracco, Mirian E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the two point-function for the scalar mesons $σ, κ, f_0(980)$ and $a_0(980)$ as diquak-antidiquark states. We also study the decays of these mesons into $ππ$, $Kπ$ and $K\bar{K}$. We found that the couplings are consistent with existing experimental data, pointing in favor of the four-quark structure for the light scalar mesons.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Acute conversion of patient-derived Duchenne muscular dystrophy iPSC into myotubes reveals constitutive and inducible over-activation of TGFβ-dependent pro-fibrotic signaling
Creators: name: Caputo, Luca
name: Granados, Alice
name: Lenzi, Jessica
name: Rosa, Alessandro
name: Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane
name: Puri, Pier Lorenzo
name: Albini, Sonia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Myogenic potential of Control and DMD iPSC expressing inducible epB vectors for BAF60C and MyoD.
Pre- and Post-selection paradoxes and contextuality in quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Leifer, M. S.
name: Spekkens, R. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many seemingly paradoxical effects are known in the predictions for outcomes of intermediate measurements made on pre- and post-selected quantum systems. Despite appearances, these effects do not demonstrate the impossibility of a noncontextual hidden variable theory, since an explanation in terms of measurement-disturbance is possible. Nonetheless, we show that for every paradoxical effect wherein all the pre- and post- selected probabilities are 0 or 1 and the pre- and post-selected states are nonorthogonal, there is an associated proof of contextuality. This proof is obtained by considering all the measurements involved in the paradoxical effect -- the pre-selection, the post-selection, and the alternative possible intermediate measurements -- as alternative possible measurements at a single time.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. v2.0 revised in the light of referee comments, results unchanged
Commodity Storage under Backwardation: Does the Working Curve Still Work?
Creators: name: Joseph, Kishore
name: Irwin, Scott H.
name: Garcia, Philip
name: Joseph, Kishore
name: Irwin, Scott H.
name: Garcia, Philip
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Storage
subject: backwardation
subject: CBOT
subject: KCBOT
subject: corn
subject: soybean
subject: wheat.

description: We investigate storage in the presence of backwardation and the existence of the Working curve for CBOT corn, soybeans, and wheat markets and the KCBOT wheat market using recent data, 1990-2010. Incorporating Telser’s concept of the cost of carry, we employ two measures of the spread—the percent of full carry for futures-futures and futures-spot (maximum) spreads which are adjusted for interest and storage rates. Both spreads are calculated relative to the next nearby futures contract and are matched with closest weekly deliverable stock information available at the delivery locations for the contracts. Our findings indicate that storage at a loss is pervasive both in terms of the percent of observations that exhibited storage at a loss, and the magnitude of the stockholdings for those observations. The evidence for the importance of convenience yield in the Working curve is a little less systematic, with strongest support emerging in the KCBOT wheat market, CBOT wheat and corn in Toledo/Maumee, corn in Chicago, and soybeans at almost all locations.
The role of the SR in Ca2+ extrusion from venous smooth muscle
Creators: name: Nazer, Mark A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Ca²⁺ extrusion from rabbit inferior vena cava (IVC) smooth muscle (SM) was studied using ratiometric fura-2 fluorimetry. Concomitant blockade ofthe plasma membrane (PM) Ca²⁺-adenosinetriphosphatase (PMCA), Na⁺- Ca²⁺ exchanger, and sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ -ATPase (SERCA) completely prevented the decline in the intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺][sub i]) normally observed when Ca²⁺ is removed from the extracellular space (ECS) after stimulated Ca²⁺ influx. Blockade of the Na⁺- Ca²⁺ exchanger by removal of external Na⁺ reduced the rate of [Ca²⁺][sub i] decline by 47%. Blockade of SERCA with cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) reduced it by 23%, and this was not additive to the effects of Na⁺ removal. The loss of SR Ca²⁺ was determined by measuring the decay of caffeine (CAF)-induced fura-2 fluorescence transients. Removal of Ca²⁺ from the ECS caused a rapid loss of SR Ca²⁺ and a decline of [Ca²⁺][sub i] preventing the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) from reloading. Simultaneous removal of extracellular Na⁺ greatly inhibited the rate of this SR Ca²⁺ loss. A rapid loss of SR Ca²⁺ was induced by 20 μM CPA, regardless of the presence or absence of extracellular Na⁺ or Ca²⁺. These effects were not influenced by alterations in membrane potential owing to activity of Ca²⁺-activated K+ channels (K[sub ca] channels) since 3mM or higher of TEA (or 70 nM Iberiotoxin) had no effect on the rate of Ca²⁺ loss from the SR. These results indicate that when Ca²⁺ is removed from the ECS, it induces Ca²⁺ release from the SR towards the PM Na⁺- Ca²⁺ exchanger which subsequently translocates it from the junctional cytoplasmic space to the ECS. When the Na⁺- Ca²⁺ exchanger is arrested by removal of extracellular Na⁺ and Ca²⁺, Ca²⁺ released from the SR is re-sequestered by the SERCA. However, when both the Na⁺- Ca²⁺ exchanger, and the SERCA are blocked, Ca²⁺ released from the SR is extruded from the cells by the PMCA. From these results and the additional information provided by electron micrographs of the adult IVC, we conclude that the SR not only contributes to Ca²⁺ extrusion by way of coupling of the SERCA to the Na⁺- Ca²⁺ exchanger but also forms part of systematic hierarchy of interaction between the different Ca²⁺ transporters in the SR and cell membranes.
Static symmetric solutions of the semi-classical Einstein-Klein-Gordon system
Creators: name: Sanders, Ko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider solutions of the semi-classical Einstein-Klein-Gordon system with a cosmological constant $Λ\in\mathbb{R}$, where the spacetime is given by Einstein's static metric on $\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{S}^3$ with a round sphere of radius $a>0$ and the state of the scalar quantum field has a two-point distribution $ω_2$ that respects all the symmetries of the metric. We assume that the mass $m\ge0$ and scalar curvature coupling $ξ\in\mathbb{R}$ of the field satisfy $m^2+ξR>0$, which entails the existence of a ground state. We do not require states to be Hadamard or quasi-free, but the quasi-free solutions are characterised in full detail. The set of solutions of the semi-classical Einstein-Klein-Gordon system depends on the choice of the parameters $(a,Λ,m,ξ)$ and on the renormalisation constants in the renormalised stress tensor of the scalar field. We show that the set of solutions is either (i) the empty set, or (ii) the singleton set containing only the ground state, or (iii) a set with infinitely many elements. We characterise the ranges of the parameters and renormalisation constants where each of these alternatives occur. We also show that all quasi-free solutions are given by density matrices in the ground state representation and we show that in cases (ii) and (iii) there is a unique quasi-free solution which minimises the von Neumann entropy. When $m=0$ this unique state is a $β$-KMS state. We argue that all these conclusions remain valid in the reduced order formulation of the semi-classical Einstein equation.
description: 31p, v2: added reference and minor corrections
The Changing Debt Maturity Structure of U.S. Farms
Creators: name: Harris, James Michael
name: Williams, Robert P.
name: Harris, James Michael
name: Williams, Robert P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Debt maturity structure
subject: farm debt
subject: tobit

description: The objectives of this paper are to examine the debt maturity structure of farm businesses and to investigate the determinants of the farm businesses’ choice of the maturity structure. Based on 2008 ARMS data, our findings indicate that size, asset maturity, financial risk, region, and type of farm operation influenced the debt maturity structure in 2008.
Treatment-induced shrinking of tumour aggregates: A nonlinear volume-filling chemotactic approach
Creators: name: Almeida, Luis
name: Estrada-Rodriguez, Gissell
name: Oliver, Lisa
name: Peurichard, Diane
name: Poulain, Alexandre
name: Vallette, Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Motivated by experimental observations in 3D/organoid cultures derived from glioblastoma, we develop a mathematical model where tumour aggregate formation is obtained as the result of nutrient-limited cell proliferation coupled with chemotaxis-based cell movement. The introduction of a chemotherapeutic treatment induces mechanical changes at the cell level, with cells undergoing a transition from rigid bodies to semi-elastic entities. We analyse the influence of these individual mechanical changes on the properties of the aggregates obtained at the population level by introducing a nonlinear volume-filling chemotactic system of partial differential equations. The elastic properties of the cells are taken into account through the so-called squeezing probability, which allows us to change the packing capacity of the aggregates, depending on the concentration of the treatment in the extracellular microenvironment. We explore two scenarios for the effect of the treatment: firstly, the treatment acts only on the mechanical properties of the cells and, secondly, we assume it also prevents cell proliferation. A linear stability analysis enables us to study the ability of the system to create patterns. We provide numerical simulations in 1D and 2D that illustrate the shrinking of the aggregates due to the presence of the treatment.
Land Use Consequences of Crop Insurance Subsidies
Creators: name: Miao, Ruiqing
name: Feng, Hongli
name: Hennessy, David A.
name: Miao, Ruiqing
name: Feng, Hongli
name: Hennessy, David A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: crop insurance
subject: land use
subject: crop yields
subject: yield risk measurement

description: There have long been concerns that federal crop insurance subsidies may significantly impact land use decisions. It is well known that classical insurance market information asymmetry problems can lead to a social excess of risky land entering crop production. Our conceptual model shows that the problem will arise absent any information failures. This is because the subsidy is i) proportional to acres planted, and ii) greatest for the most production risky land. Using farm-level data, we follow this observation through to establish the implications of subsidies for the extent of crop production, with particular emphasis on U.S. regions where the cropland growth is likely to have marked adverse environmental impacts. Simulation results show that when subsidy rate decreases by 5 percentage points, then about 0.60 percent of insured cropped land will be converted to non-cropped land. When crop price decreases by 5 percent, then about 1.01 percent of insured cropped land will be converted to non-cropped land.
Dynamic importance sampling for uniformly recurrent markov chains
Creators: name: Dupuis, Paul
name: Wang, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F10, 65C05, 93E20 (Primary)

description: Importance sampling is a variance reduction technique for efficient estimation of rare-event probabilities by Monte Carlo. In standard importance sampling schemes, the system is simulated using an a priori fixed change of measure suggested by a large deviation lower bound analysis. Recent work, however, has suggested that such schemes do not work well in many situations. In this paper we consider dynamic importance sampling in the setting of uniformly recurrent Markov chains. By ``dynamic'' we mean that in the course of a single simulation, the change of measure can depend on the outcome of the simulation up till that time. Based on a control-theoretic approach to large deviations, the existence of asymptotically optimal dynamic schemes is demonstrated in great generality. The implementation of the dynamic schemes is carried out with the help of a limiting Bellman equation. Numerical examples are presented to contrast the dynamic and standard schemes.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051604000001016 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Additional file 3 of 360-degree Delphi: addressing sociotechnical challenges of healthcare IT
Creators: name: Waldmüller, Heiko
name: Spreckelsen, Cord
name: Rudat, Hannah
name: Krumm, Norbert
name: Rolke, Roman
name: Jonas, Stephan Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3 Questionnaire Round 1 (exemplaric for patients).
Measuring Price Sensitivity Differences for Inner-City and Suburban Consumers: An Analysis of Breakfast Cereals with Supermarket Scanner Data
Creators: name: Jones, Eugene
name: Jones, Eugene
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Scanner data
subject: own-price elasticity
subject: cross-price elasticity
subject: expenditure elasticity
subject: price sensitivity
subject: inner-city shoppers
subject: suburban shoppers and purchasing behavior.

description: This paper uses supermarket scanner data to examine the purchasing behavior of suburban and inner-city shoppers in the Columbus, Ohio metropolitan area.
Spatial Analysis of Flood Connectivity in Brazil: Implications for Risk Management in a Warming Climate
Creators: name: Gesualdo, Gabriela
name: Benso, Marcos Roberto
name: Mendiondo, Eduardo Mario
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Abstract: Spatially compounding floods represent a class of compound events characterized by the concurrent occurrence of flooding in multiple catchment and water bodies. Despite the substantial impact of intense floods on 93% of Brazilian municipalities between 2013 and 2022, the scientific literature lacks comprehensive descriptions of methods for detecting, monitoring and forecasting spatially compounding floods. Effectively addressing this issue necessitates understanding the drivers underlying these events' spatial interconnectedness. As such, identifying regions susceptible to co-occurring floods is of paramount importance in formulating adaptation and mitigation strategies. Therefore, we conducted an in-depth analysis of spatially compounding river flood connectivity within catchments across Brazil. We investigate a 39-year (1980-2019) dataset of 511 catchments and extract flood events at individual sites using the Peak-Over-Threshold (POT) approach. We established the 15th percentile of annual maxima as a threshold and considered a minimum time lag of 10 days between consecutive events. Subsequently, we quantified the spatial connectedness of flood events through the number of co-occurrences between pairs of catchments. A flood event was considered to co-occur with another if the catchments experienced a POT event within a window of ±2 days from a given date of occurrence. Our results revealed significant variations in flood characteristics and connectivity patterns across the Brazilian territory, with an average of 2 flood events per year per catchment. Particularly, the Central-Northeast regions demonstrated heightened connectivity, indicating a higher likelihood of experiencing multiple and widespread flood occurrences. Conversely, the Northwestern Amazon and catchments in the Southern part of the country displayed lower connections to other regions, suggesting a prevalence of independent flood events in these locations. Our findings hold valuable implications for adaptation, mitigation, and resilience for extreme events, to guide policymakers in risk management and urban design in flood-prone areas.
Additional file 3 of Development of a novel multifocal lens using a polarization directed flat lens: possible candidate for a multifocal intraocular lens
Creators: name: Na, Kyung-Sun
name: Lee, Chang Su
name: Kim, Da Ran
name: Song, Seok Ho
name: Cho, Soo Yeon
name: Kim, Eun Chul
name: Kim, Hyun Seung
name: Hwang, Ho Sik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3.
Discovery of hard X-ray features around hotspots of Cygnus A
Creators: name: Balucinska-Church, M.
name: Ostrowski, M.
name: Stawarz, L.
name: Church, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of analysis of a Chandra observation of Cygnus A in which the X-ray hotspots at the ends of the jets are mapped in detail. A hardness map reveals previously unknown structure in the form of outer and inner hard arcs around the hotspots, with hardness significantly enhanced compared with the hotspot central regions. The outer hard arcs may constitute the first detection of the bow shock; the inner hard arcs may reveal where the jets impact on the hotspots. We argue that these features cannot result from electrons radiating by the synchrotron self-Compton process. Instead we consider two possible sources of the hard emission: the outer arcs may be due to thermal radiation of hot intracluster gas compressed at the bow shock. Alternatively, both outer and inner arcs may be due to synchrotron radiation of electrons accelerated in turbulent regions highly perturbed by shocks and shear flows. Comparison of measured hardness ratios with simulations of the hardness ratios resulting from these processes show that it is more diffcult to explain the observations with a thermal model. Although we cannot rule out a thermal model, we argue in favour of the non-thermal explanation. The hard regions in the secondary hotspots suggest that jet activity is still powering these hotspots.
description: MNRAS in press; 5 pages, 3 figures (2 figures in colour in jpeg format should be printed separately)
Recording and manipulation of vagus nerve electrical activity in chronically instrumented unanesthetized near term fetal sheep
Creators: name: Castel, Aude
name: Burns, Patrick M.
name: Benito, Javier
name: Liu, Hai L.
name: Kuthiala, Shikha
name: Durosier, Lucien D.
name: Frank, Yael S.
name: Cao, Mingju
name: Paquet, Marilène
name: Fecteau, Gilles
name: Desrochers, André
name: Frasch, Martin G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background: The chronically instrumented pregnant sheep has been used as a model of human fetal development and responses to pathophysiologic stimuli. This is due to the unique amenability of the unanesthetized fetal sheep to the surgical placement and maintenance of catheters and electrodes, allowing repetitive blood sampling, substance injection, recording of bioelectrical activity, application of electric stimulation and in vivo organ imaging. Recently, there has been growing interest in pleiotropic effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on various organ systems such as innate immunity, metabolism, and appetite control. There is no approach to study this in utero and corresponding physiological understanding is scarce. New Method: Based on our previous presentation of a stable chronically instrumented unanesthetized fetal sheep model, here we describe the surgical instrumentation procedure allowing successful implantation of a cervical uni- or bilateral VNS probe with or without vagotomy. Results: In a cohort of 53 animals, we present the changes in blood gas, metabolic, and inflammatory markers during the postoperative period. We detail the design of a VNS probe which also allows recording from the nerve. We also present an example of vagus electroneurogram (VENG) recorded from the VNS probe and an analytical approach to the data. Comparison with Existing Methods: This method represents the first implementation of VENG/VNS in a large pregnant mammalian organism. Conclusions: This study describes a new surgical procedure allowing to record and manipulate chronically the vagus nerve activity in an animal model of human pregnancy.
description: Accompanying data repository: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7228307.v2
Dynamic Feedback between Surface and Groundwater Systems: Implications for Conjunctive Management
Creators: name: Cobourn, Kelly M.
name: Cobourn, Kelly M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: groundwater
subject: conjunctive management
subject: dynamic optimization
subject: Gisser-Sanchez effect

description: A key feature of hydrologically connected surface and groundwater stocks is the two-way exchange of water between the systems. Increasing water scarcity, particularly in arid environments, has spurred debate on how to coordinate management of the two resources. In this paper, I present a model that describes the dynamic feedback loop between surface and groundwater systems when economic agents withdraw water from both for use in production. I use the model to describe optimal water extraction from both stocks and to evaluate how a conjunctive management policy shifts welfare between surface and groundwater user groups. Finally, I explore the importance of accounting for two-way feedback between the two stocks, when it exists, in estimating the benefits to a conjunctive management system. I estimate that the returns to conjunctive management in a closed system are greater than 6.5 times that in a system with an open feedback loop between water stocks.
Black Sea Wheat Market Integration with the International Wheat Markets: Some Evidence from Co-integration Analysis
Creators: name: Goychuk, Kateryna
name: Meyers, William H.
name: Goychuk, Kateryna
name: Meyers, William H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: price transmission
subject: market integration
subject: Ukraine

description: In the last two years, Russia and Ukraine together exported an average of 29 million tons of wheat per year (USDA), and have become important players in the international wheat market. This paper examines the nature of the short- and long-run wheat price dynamics between Ukraine and Russia and other major wheat exporters - United States, European Union (EU), and Canada. For this purpose we use cointegration techniques (both the Johansen ML test and the Engel and Granger procedure) as well as the error correction model. The results suggest that Russian price series are cointegrated with those of the EU, but not with Canadian or U.S. wheat prices. Ukrainian prices series are found not to be cointegrated with other series. The estimated long-run price transmission elasticity between Russian and French (a representative country of the EU) wheat prices is equal to 1.07. We found the short-term relationship between Russia and EU also to be statistically significant. We show that after the price change occurs in the French price, Russian wheat price adjusts to the change within 6 months.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/19/11.
Radiative Penguin Decays of B Mesons: Measurements of B -> K* gamma, B -> K2*(1430) gamma, and Search for B0 -> phi gamma
Creators: name: Bauer, Johannes M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromagnetic radiative penguin decays of the B meson were studied with the BaBar detector at SLAC's PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory. Branching fractions and isospin asymmetry of the decay B -> K* gamma, branching fractions of B -> K2*(1430) gamma, and a search for B0 -> phi gamma are presented. The decay rates may be enhanced by contributions from non-standard model processes.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, presented at the 2004 Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American Physical Society, Riverside, CA, USA, August 26-31, 2004, submitted to International Journal of Modern Physics A
Additional file 1 of 360-degree Delphi: addressing sociotechnical challenges of healthcare IT
Creators: name: Waldmüller, Heiko
name: Spreckelsen, Cord
name: Rudat, Hannah
name: Krumm, Norbert
name: Rolke, Roman
name: Jonas, Stephan Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1 Questionnaire Round 0 for medical professionals.
Electromagnetic strength of neutron and proton single-particle halo nuclei
Creators: name: Typel, S.
name: Baur, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromagnetic strength functions of halo nuclei exhibit universal features that can be described in terms of characteristic scale parameters. For a nucleus with nucleon+core structure the reduced transition probability, as determined, e.g., by Coulomb dissociation experiments, shows a typical shape that depends on the nucleon separation energy and the orbital angular momenta in the initial and final states. The sensitivity to the final-state interaction (FSI) between the nucleon and the core can be studied systematically by varying the strength of the interaction in the continuum. In the case of neutron+core nuclei analytical results for the reduced transition probabilities are obtained by introducing the effective-range expansion. The scaling with the relevant parameters is found explicitly. General trends are observed by studying several examples of neutron+core and proton+core nuclei in a single-particle model assuming Woods-Saxon potentials. Many important features of the neutron halo case can be obtained from a square-well model. Rather simple analytical formulas are found. The nucleon-core interaction in the continuum affects the determination of astrophysical S factors at zero energy in the method of asymptotic normalisation coefficients (ANC). It is also relevant for the extrapolation of radiative capture cross sections to low energies.
description: 77 pages, 25 figures, 7 tables, accepted for publication in Nucl. Phys. A
Additional file 2 of 360-degree Delphi: addressing sociotechnical challenges of healthcare IT
Creators: name: Waldmüller, Heiko
name: Spreckelsen, Cord
name: Rudat, Hannah
name: Krumm, Norbert
name: Rolke, Roman
name: Jonas, Stephan Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2 Questionnaire Round 0 for patients.
Additional file 1 of Study protocol of a randomized controlled clinical trial investigating the effects of omega-3 supplementation on endothelial function, vascular structure, and metabolic parameters in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Creators: name: Khorshidi, Masoud
name: Sayyari, Aliakbar
name: Olang, Beheshteh
name: Alaei, Mohammad Reza
name: Shab-Bidar, Sakineh
name: Khalili, Mitra
name: Salehi, Masoud
name: Aryaeian, Naheed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1:. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents
Study of a model for the folding of a small protein
Creators: name: Nobile, Andrea
name: Rapuano, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We describe the results obtained from an improved model for protein folding. We find that a good agreement with the native structure of a 46 residue long, five-letter protein segment is obtained by carefully tuning the parameters of the self-avoiding energy. In particular we find an improved free-energy profile. We also compare the efficiency of the multidimensional replica exchange method with the widely used parallel tempering.
description: typos corrected, one figure added
What adaptive neuronal networks teach us about power grids
Creators: name: Berner, Rico
name: Yanchuk, Serhiy
name: Schöll, Eckehard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Power grid networks, as well as neuronal networks with synaptic plasticity, describe real-world systems of tremendous importance for our daily life. The investigation of these seemingly unrelated types of dynamical networks has attracted increasing attention over the last decade. In this paper, we provide insight into the fundamental relation between these two types of networks. For this, we consider well-established models based on phase oscillators and show their intimate relation. In particular, we prove that phase oscillator models with inertia can be viewed as a particular class of adaptive networks. This relation holds even for more general classes of power grid models that include voltage dynamics. As an immediate consequence of this relation, we find a novel type of multicluster state for phase oscillators with inertia. Moreover, the phenomenon of cascading line failure in power grids is translated into an adaptive neuronal network.
An Assessment of the Interaction between High Tunnels and Crop Insurance for Specialty Crop Producers
Creators: name: Belasco, Eric J.
name: Chen, Chen
name: Ponnaluru, Srinivasa Sasdhar
name: Galinato, Suzette P.
name: Marsh, Thomas L.
name: Belasco, Eric J.
name: Chen, Chen
name: Ponnaluru, Srinivasa Sasdhar
name: Galinato, Suzette P.
name: Marsh, Thomas L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: high tunnels
subject: specialty crop insurance
subject: risk management

description: Protective covers, such as high tunnels, are being used by specialty crop producers to enhance production quality and yields, expand or growing seasons, and protect crops from some extreme elements. While growing in popularity, one barrier to larger utilization includes the uncertainty regarding their practices and benefits. This paper recognizes that high tunnels can be used as a form of risk management and examines the relationship with crop insurance in order to better define optimal risk management strategies.
Real-time Data-driven Quality Assessment for Continuous Manufacturing of Carbon Nanotube Buckypaper
Creators: name: Shi, Xinran
name: Yue, Xiaowei
name: Liang, Zhiyong
name: Shi, Jianjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Carbon nanotube (CNT) thin sheet, or buckypaper, has shown great potential as a multifunctional platform material due to its desirable properties, including its lightweight nature, high mechanical properties, and good conductivity. However, their mass adoption and applications by industry have run into significant bottlenecks because of large variability and uncertainty in quality during fabrication. There is an urgent demand to produce high-quality, high-performance buckypaper at an industrial scale. Raman spectroscopy provides detailed nanostructure information within seconds, and the obtained spectra can be decomposed into multiple effects associated with diverse quality characteristics of buckypaper. However, the decomposed effects are high-dimensional, and a systematic quantification method for buckypaper quality assessment has been lacking. In this paper, we propose a real-time data-driven quality assessment method, which fills in the blank of quantifying the quality for continuous manufacturing processes of CNT buckypaper. The composite indices derived from the proposed method are developed by analyzing in-line Raman spectroscopy sensing data. Weighted cross-correlation and maximum margin clustering are used to fuse the fixed effects into an inconsistency index to monitor the long-term mean shift of the process and to fuse the normal effects into a uniformity index to monitor the within-sample normality. Those individual quality indices are then combined into a composite index to reflect the overall quality of buckypaper. A case study indicates that our proposed approach can determine the quality rank for ten samples, and can provide quantitative quality indices for single-walled carbon nanotube buckypaper after acid processing or functionalization. The quality assessment results are consistent with evaluations from the experienced engineers.
Additional file 1 of 808 nm-activable core@multishell upconverting nanoparticles with enhanced stability for efficient photodynamic therapy
Creators: name: Martínez, Raquel
name: Polo, Ester
name: Barbosa, Silvia
name: Taboada, Pablo
name: Pino, Pablo Del
name: Pelaz, Beatriz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. General considerations: Synthesis of 808 nm-activable core-multishell upconversion nanoparticles; Characterization of 808 nm-activable upconversion core-multishell UCNPs; Synthesis and characterization of water dispersable UCNPs after click chemistry onto the surface; Photodynamic therapy activation by 808 nm irradiation and ROS production.
Logical Pre- and Post-Selection paradoxes, measurement-disturbance and contextuality
Creators: name: Leifer, M. S.
name: Spekkens, R. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many seemingly paradoxical effects are known in the predictions for outcomes of measurements made on pre- and post-selected quantum systems. A class of such effects, which we call ``logical pre- and post-selection paradoxes'', bear a striking resemblance to proofs of the Bell-Kochen-Specker theorem, which suggests that they demonstrate the contextuality of quantum mechanics. Despite the apparent similarity, we show that such effects can occur in noncontextual hidden variable theories, provided measurements are allowed to disturb the values of the hidden variables.
description: 9 pages, paper presented at Quantum Structures 2004