Gomphonema bicepiformis Wei Zhang & Kociolek 2018, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Zhang, Wei
name: Shang, Guang-Xia
name: Kociolek, J. Patrick
name: Wang, Li-Qing
name: Tan, Hong-Xin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ochrophyta
Bacillariophyceae
Cymbellales
Gomphonemataceae
Gomphonema
Gomphonema bicepiformis

description: Gomphonema bicepiformis Wei Zhang & Kociolek, sp. nov. (Figs 1–30)   
Light microscopy: Valves lanceolate, swollen at central area, constricted then broadening into rounded, capitate footpole; headpole rounded, clearly capitate (Figs 1–14). Length 30.0–41.5 μm, breadth 8.0–9.3 μm. Length: Breadth ratio 3.7–4.7, median 4.2 (n= 60). Striae short, moderately radiate, 14–15 in 10 μm. Axial area wide, lanceolate-rhombic, broad at mid-valve, reaching 3/4 of total breadth. Circular depressions in axial area on external valve surface, often appearing as light spots in LM (Figs 1–14). Raphe expanded laterally, only slightly undulate. Prominent apical pore field (APF) present at footpole. Small stigma situated near central nodule (Figs 1–14).  
Scanning electron microscopy: Valve face separated from mantle by small marginal ridge (Figs 15–27). No clear groove along ridge on valve face, but it protrudes over mantle (Figs 22–24). Raphe slightly undulate, but mostly filiform (Figs 15–19). External proximal raphe ends slightly expanded and dilated (Fig. 22). Distal raphe ends deflected in same direction onto valve mantle (Figs 15–19). Axial area wide, rhombic, with circular and some irregular depressions along its entire length (Figs 20–27). Striae uniseriate, occasionally biseriate near headpole (Figs 20, 21), with slitshaped, curved, or irregularly triangular-shaped areolae. One small, irregularly rectangular external stigmal opening present near central nodule (Figs 22, 23). At footpole distal raphe end bisects porelli of APF. APF composed of round, unoccluded porelli, extending from valve face across mantle (Figs 26, 27). Porelli, of differing sizes, physically separate and morphological differentiated from valve face areolae (Figs 26, 27). Irregular, shallow depressions in hyaline area between valve face areolae and porelli (Figs 26, 27). Internally, central nodule rounded, distinct helictoglossa present at each pole (Figs 28–31). Internal proximal raphe ends bend at slightly acute angle and deflected in opposite directions (Fig. 29). One slit-like stigmal opening present on primary side of center area (Fig. 29). Pseudoseptum present at each pole (Figs 30–31).  
 Type: — CHINA. Shibadukeng stream, Xianju County, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, 28°44’24.88”N, 120°30’57.96”E, R.L. Zhang, 20 May 2016 (Holotype SHOU! Department of Hydrobiology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University (SHOU), Shanghai. Individual in slide Shibadukeng 04. Isotype COLO, slide deposited in the J.P. Kociolek Collection).   
 Etymology: —The specific epithet “ bicepiformis ” refers to the bi-capitate poles, being similar in outline to G. biceps.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Wei, Shang, Guang-Xia, Kociolek, J. Patrick, Wang, Li-Qing & Tan, Hong-Xin, 2018, Gomphonema bicepiformis sp. nov., a new diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from a stream in Zhejiang, China, pp. 274-282 in Phytotaxa 375 (4) on pages 275-276, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.375.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/13728324