cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A fair decade's work : the origins of compulsory arbitration in Australia and New Zealand, 1890-1905
Creators: name: Pender, William Charles
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: HD5630.A6P46 1999
subject: Arbitration, Industrial Australia
subject: Arbitration, Industrial New Zealand
subject: Working class HistoryAustralia
subject: Working class HistoryNew Zealand

description: This thesis examines the origins of compulsory arbitration in Australia and New Zealand, analysing the political and ideological struggles surrounding the advent of compulsory arbitration between 1890 and 1905. It opens with an examination of developments in Victoria and New South Wales prior to the Maritime Strike, then surveys events in the period following the Strike in Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia, New Zealand, Queensland and the Commonwealth, culminating with the passing of the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Act in 1904. It argues that current explanations for the origins of compulsory arbitration are inadequate, that a detailed re-examination of the issue is required. It is my contention that compulsory arbitration was a manifestation of class struggle, and the result of democratic socialist ideas of political action and social change. It was the means by which labour co-opted the power of the state in its struggle against capital, extending industrial conflict into the realms of politics and law. Compulsory arbitration was a self-conscious articulation of class struggle in a non-revolutionary form.
Dense packings of hard circular arcs
Creators: name: González, Juan Pedro Ramírez
name: Cinacchi, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work investigates dense packings of congruent hard infinitesimally--thin circular arcs in the two-dimensional Euclidean space. It focuses on those denotable as major whose subtended angle $θ\in \left ( π, 2π\right ]$. Differently than those denotable as minor whose subtended angle $θ\in \left [0, π\right]$, it is impossible for two hard infinitesimally-thin circular arcs with $θ\in \left ( π, 2π\right ]$ to arbitrarily closely approach once they are arranged in a configuration, e.g. on top of one another, replicable ad infinitum without introducing any overlap. This makes these hard concave particles, in spite of being infinitesimally thin, most densely pack with a finite number density. This raises the question as to what are these densest packings and what is the number density that they achieve. Supported by Monte Carlo numerical simulations, this work shows that one can analytically construct compact closed circular groups of hard major circular arcs in which a specific, $θ$-dependent, number of them (anti-)clockwise intertwine. These compact closed circular groups then arrange on a triangular lattice. These analytically constructed densest-known packings are compared to corresponding results of Monte Carlo numerical simulations to assess whether they can spontaneously turn up.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures; to be published in Physical Review E
An extension of the Lévy characterization to fractional Brownian motion
Creators: name: Mishura, Yuliya
name: Valkeila, Esko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Assume that $X$ is a continuous square integrable process with zero mean, defined on some probability space $(Ω,\mathrm {F},\mathrm {P})$. The classical characterization due to P. Lévy says that $X$ is a Brownian motion if and only if $X$ and $X_t^2-t$, $t\ge0,$ are martingales with respect to the intrinsic filtration $\mathrm {F}^X$. We extend this result to fractional Brownian motion.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOP555 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Tan's contact as an indicator of completeness and self-consistency of a theory
Creators: name: Rakhimov, Abdulla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that, Tan's contact could be calculated by using any of following three methods: by the asymptotic behavior of momentum distribution; by Tan's adiabatic sweep theorem; or by the operator product expansion as an expectation value of the interaction term. We argue that, if a theory describing Bose (or Fermi) system with the only contact interaction is self consistent, then it should lead to the same result in all three cases. As an example we considered MFT based approaches and established that among existing approximations of MFT, the Hartree - Fock - Bogoliubov (HFB) approach is the most self consistent. Actually, HFB is able to describe existing experimental data on Tan's contact for dilute Bose gas, but fails to predict its expected behavior at large gas parameter $(γ> 0.015)$. So, for appropriate description of properties of a Bose gas even at zero temperature, this approximation needs to be expanded by taking into account fluctuations in higher order then the second one.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
Dynamic Mode Decomposition of Control-Affine Nonlinear Systems using Discrete Control Liouville Operators
Creators: name: Morrison, Zachary
name: Abudia, Moad
name: Rosenfeld, Joel
name: Kamalapurar, Rushikesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Representation of nonlinear dynamical systems as infinite-dimensional linear operators over Hilbert spaces enables analysis of nonlinear systems via pseudo-spectral operator analysis. In this paper, we provide a novel representation for discrete-time control-affine nonlinear dynamical systems as linear operators acting on a Hilbert space. We also demonstrate that this representation can be used to predict the behavior of the closed-loop system given a known feedback law using recorded snapshots of the system state resulting from arbitrary, potentially open-loop control inputs. We thereby extend the predictive capabilities of dynamic mode decomposition to discrete-time nonlinear systems that are affine in control. We validate the method using two numerical experiments by predicting the response of a controlled Duffing oscillator to a known feedback law, as well as demonstrating the advantage of the developed method relative to existing techniques in the literature.
Washington CCD Photometry of the Globular Cluster System of the Giant Elliptical Galaxy M60 in Virgo
Creators: name: Lee, Myung Gyoon
name: Park, Hong Soo
name: Kim, Eunhyeuk
name: Hwang, Ho Seong
name: Kim, Sang Chul
name: Geisler, Doug
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a photometric study of the globular clusters in the giant elliptical galaxy M60 in the Virgo cluster, based on deep, relatively wide field Washington CT_1 CCD images. The color-magnitude diagram reveals a significant population of globular clusters in M60, and a large number of young luminous clusters in NGC 4647, a small companion spiral galaxy north-west of M60. The color distribution of the globular clusters in M60 is clearly bimodal, with a blue peak at (C-T_1)=1.37, and a red peak at (C-T_1)=1.87. We derive two new transformation relations between the (C-T_1)_0 color and [Fe/H] using the data for the globular clusters in our Galaxy and M49. Using these relations we derive the metallicity distribution of the globular clusters in M60, which is also bimodal: a dominant metal-poor component with center at [Fe/H]=-1.2, and a weaker metal-rich component with center at [Fe/H]=-0.2. The radial number density profile of the globular clusters is more extended than that of the stellar halo, and the radial number density profile of the blue globular clusters is more extended than that of the red globular clusters. The number density maps of the globular clusters show that the spatial distribution of the blue globular clusters is roughly circular, while that of the red globular cluster is elongated similarly to that of the stellar halo. We estimate the total number of the globular clusters in M60 to be 3600+/-500$,and the specific frequency to be S_N=3.8+/-0.4. The mean color of the bright blue globular clusters gets redder as they get brighter in both the inner and outer region of M60. This blue tilt is seen also in the outer region of M49, the brightest Virgo galaxy. Implications of these results are discussed.
description: 32 pages, 22 figues, Accepted by ApJ
Old and New Major Mergers in the SOSIMPLE galaxy, NGC 7135
Creators: name: Davison, Thomas A.
name: Kuntschner, Harald
name: Husemann, Bernd
name: Norris, Mark A.
name: Dalcanton, Julianne J.
name: De Rosa, Alessandra
name: Duc, Pierre-Alain
name: Bianchi, Stefano
name: Capelo, Pedro R.
name: Vignali, Cristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The simultaneous advancement of high resolution integral field unit spectroscopy and robust full-spectral fitting codes now make it possible to examine spatially-resolved kinematic, chemical composition, and star-formation history from nearby galaxies. We take new MUSE data from the Snapshot Optical Spectroscopic Imaging of Mergers and Pairs for Legacy Exploration (SOSIMPLE) survey to examine NGC 7135. With counter-rotation of gas, disrupted kinematics and asymmetric chemical distribution, NGC 7135 is consistent with an ongoing merger. Though well hidden by the current merger, we are able to distinguish stars originating from an older merger, occurring 6-10 Gyr ago. We further find a gradient in ex-situ material with galactocentric radius, with the accreted fraction rising from 0% in the galaxy centre, to ~7% within 0.6 effective radii.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Nuclear-matter modification of decay widths in the $ϕ\to e^{+}e^{-}$ and $ϕ\to K^{+}K^{-}$ channels
Creators: name: Sakuma, F.
name: Chiba, J.
name: En'yo, H.
name: Fukao, Y.
name: Funahashi, H.
name: Hamagaki, H.
name: Ieiri, M.
name: Ishino, M.
name: Kanda, H.
name: Kitaguchi, M.
name: Mihara, S.
name: Miwa, K.
name: Miyashita, T.
name: Murakami, T.
name: Muto, R.
name: Nakura, T.
name: Naruki, M.
name: Ozawa, K.
name: Sasaki, O.
name: Sekimoto, M.
name: Tabaru, T.
name: Tanaka, K. H.
name: Togawa, M.
name: Yamada, S.
name: Yokkaichi, S.
name: Yoshimura, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The invariant mass spectra of $ϕ\to K^{+}K^{-}$ are measured in 12 GeV $p+A$ reactions in order to search for the in-medium modification of $ϕ$ mesons. The observed $K^{+}K^{-}$ spectra are well reproduced by the relativistic Breit-Wigner function with a combinatorial background shape in three $βγ$ regions between 1.0 and 3.5. The nuclear mass-number dependence of the yields of the $K^{+}K^{-}$ decay channel is compared to the simultaneously measured $e^{+}e^{-}$ decay channel for carbon and copper targets. We parameterize the production yields as $σ(A) = σ_0 \times A^α$ and obtain $α_{ϕ\to K^+K^-} - α_{ϕ\to e^+e^-}$ to be 0.14 $\pm$ 0.12. Limits are obtained for the partial decay widths of $ϕ$ mesons in nuclear matter.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Information Leakage from Data Updates in Machine Learning Models
Creators: name: Hui, Tian
name: Farokhi, Farhad
name: Ohrimenko, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we consider the setting where machine learning models are retrained on updated datasets in order to incorporate the most up-to-date information or reflect distribution shifts. We investigate whether one can infer information about these updates in the training data (e.g., changes to attribute values of records). Here, the adversary has access to snapshots of the machine learning model before and after the change in the dataset occurs. Contrary to the existing literature, we assume that an attribute of a single or multiple training data points are changed rather than entire data records are removed or added. We propose attacks based on the difference in the prediction confidence of the original model and the updated model. We evaluate our attack methods on two public datasets along with multi-layer perceptron and logistic regression models. We validate that two snapshots of the model can result in higher information leakage in comparison to having access to only the updated model. Moreover, we observe that data records with rare values are more vulnerable to attacks, which points to the disparate vulnerability of privacy attacks in the update setting. When multiple records with the same original attribute value are updated to the same new value (i.e., repeated changes), the attacker is more likely to correctly guess the updated values since repeated changes leave a larger footprint on the trained model. These observations point to vulnerability of machine learning models to attribute inference attacks in the update setting.
Evolution in the split-peak structure across the Peak Effect region in single crystals of $2H$-NbSe$_2$
Creators: name: Thakur, A. D.
name: Rao, T. V. Chandrasekhar
name: Uji, S.
name: Terashima, T.
name: Higgins, M. J.
name: Ramakrishnan, S.
name: Grover, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have explored the presence of a two-peak feature spanning the peak effect (PE) region in the ac susceptibility data and the magnetization hysteresis measurements over a wide field-temperature regime in few weakly pinned single crystals of $2H$-NbSe$_2$, which display reentrant characteristic in the PE curve near $T_c$(0). We believe that the two-peak feature evolves into distinct second magnetization peak anomaly well separated from the PE with gradual enhancement in the quenched random pinning.
description: 9 figures
One generalization of the Dicke-type models
Creators: name: Kurlov, Denis V.
name: Fedorov, Aleksey K.
name: Garkun, Alexandr
name: Gritsev, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss one family of possible generalizations of the Jaynes-Cummings and the Tavis-Cummings models using the technique of algebraic Bethe ansatz related to the Gaudin-type models. In particular, we present a family of (generically) non-Hermitian Hamiltonians that generalize paradigmatic quantum-optical models. Further directions of our research include studying physical properties of the obtained generalized models.
description: 4 pages, 0 figures
Noncommutative Description of Quantum Spin Hall Effect
Creators: name: Jellal, Ahmed
name: Houca, Rachid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an approach based on a generalized quantum mechanics to deal with the basic features of the intrinsic spin Hall effect. This can be done by considering two decoupled harmonic oscillators on the noncommutative plane and evaluating the spin Hall conductivity. Focusing on the high frequency regime, we obtain a diagonalized Hamiltonian. After getting the corresponding spectrum, we show that there is a Hall conductivity without an external magnetic field, which is noncommutativity parameter θ-dependent. This allows us to make contact with the spin Hall effect and also give different interpretations. Fixing θ, one can recover three different approaches dealing with the phenomenon.
description: 17 pages
Deep convection-driven vortex formation on Jupiter and Saturn
Creators: name: Yadav, Rakesh Kumar
name: Heimpel, Moritz
name: Bloxham, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The surface of both Jupiter and Saturn has magnificent vortical storms which help shape the dynamic nature of their atmospheres. Land- and space-based observational campaigns over time have established several properties of these vortices, with some being similar between the two planets, while others are different. Shallow-water hydrodynamics, where the vortices are treated as shallow weather-layer phenomenon, is commonly evoked for explaining their formation and properties. Here we report novel formation mechanisms for vortices where the primary driving mechanism is the deep planetary convection occurring in these planets. Using three dimensional simulations of turbulent convection in rotating spherical shells, we propose two ideas: (1) rotating turbulent convection generates deep axially-aligned cyclones and anticyclones; (2) a deep planetary dynamo acts to promote additional anticyclones, some as large as Jupiter's Great Red Spot, in an overlying atmospheric layer. We use these ideas to interpret several observational properties of vortices on Jupiter and Saturn.
description: 16 Pages, 3 main and 7 supplementary figures, 2 animations on youtube
Grid Point Approximation for Distributed Nonparametric Smoothing and Prediction
Creators: name: Gao, Yuan
name: Pan, Rui
name: Li, Feng
name: Zhang, Riquan
name: Wang, Hansheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62-08

description: Kernel smoothing is a widely used nonparametric method in modern statistical analysis. The problem of efficiently conducting kernel smoothing for a massive dataset on a distributed system is a problem of great importance. In this work, we find that the popularly used one-shot type estimator is highly inefficient for prediction purposes. To this end, we propose a novel grid point approximation (GPA) method, which has the following advantages. First, the resulting GPA estimator is as statistically efficient as the global estimator under mild conditions. Second, it requires no communication and is extremely efficient in terms of computation for prediction. Third, it is applicable to the case where the data are not randomly distributed across different machines. To select a suitable bandwidth, two novel bandwidth selectors are further developed and theoretically supported. Extensive numerical studies are conducted to corroborate our theoretical findings. Two real data examples are also provided to demonstrate the usefulness of our GPA method.
Hydrodynamic/acoustic splitting approach with flow-acoustic feedback for universal subsonic noise computation
Creators: name: Ewert, Roland
name: Kreuzinger, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generalized approach to decompose the compressible Navier-Stokes equations into an equivalent set of coupled equations for flow and acoustics is introduced. As a significant extension to standard hydrodynamic/acoustic splitting methods, the approach provides the essential coupling terms, which account for the feedback from the acoustics to the flow. A unique simplified version of the split equation system with feedback is derived that conforms to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations in the subsonic flow regime, where the feedback reduces to one additional term in the flow momentum equation. Subsonic simulations are conducted for flow-acoustic feedback cases using a scale-resolving run-time coupled hierarchical Cartesian mesh solver, which operates with different explicit time step sizes for incompressible flow and acoustics. The first simulation case focuses on the tone of a generic flute. With the major flow-acoustic feedback term included, the simulation yields the tone characteristics in agreement with reference results from Kühnelt based on Lattice-Boltzmann simulation. On the contrary, the standard hybrid hydrodynamic/acoustic method with the feedback-term switched off lacks the proper tone. As the second simulation case, a thick plate in a duct is studied at various low Mach numbers around the Parker-beta-mode resonance. The simulations reveal the flow-acoustic feedback mechanism in very good agreement with experimental data of Welsh et al. Simulations and theoretical considerations reveal that the feedback term does not reduce the stable convective flow based time step size of the flow equations.
description: Submitted to Journal of Computational Physics
Probing properties of nearly two-hundred new active galactic nuclei
Creators: name: Ghosh, Samrat
name: Mandal, Samir
name: Bhattacharyya, Sudip
name: Kumaran, Shivam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive analysis of the X-ray spectral properties of 198 newly identified active galactic nuclei (AGNs), leveraging archival data from the {\it Chandra} X-ray Observatory. All these AGNs exhibit a powerlaw spectral signature spanning a broad energy range of $0.5-7.0$ keV, characterized by the photon index ($Γ$) values ranging from $0.3^{+0.16}_{-0.14}$ to $2.54^{+0.14}_{-0.13}$. Particularly, 76 of these AGNs display discernible levels of intrinsic absorption, after considering the Galactic absorption. The column densities associated with this local absorption ($n_{\rm H}^{\rm local}$) are within a range of $\sim 10^{19} - 10^{22}\ {\rm cm^{-2}}$. We study the cosmological evolution of AGNs using the variation of $n_{\rm H}^{\rm local}$ and $Γ$ with their estimated redshift. The intrinsic spectral signature did not reveal any significant cosmological evolution; however, a deficit of hard sources at high redshift is possibly intrinsic. Our sample covers several decades of broadband intrinsic luminosity ($L_{\rm B}^{\rm intr}$) ranging from $4.59^{+0.41}_{-0.41} \times 10^{42}$ to $2.4^{+0.12}_{-0.12} \times 10^{46}\, {\rm erg~s}^{-1}$ with peak at 1.84 redshift. We also investigate the hardness-luminosity diagram (HLD) to further probe the AGNs. We conduct a sanity check by applying our findings to known AGNs, and the results are consistent with our observations.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Embedding Ultra slow-roll inflaton dynamics in Warm Inflation
Creators: name: Biswas, Sandip
name: Bhattacharya, Kaushik
name: Das, Suratna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Slow-roll of the inflaton field defines the standard dynamics of the inflationary epoch. However, the inflationary system deviates from slow-roll when it encounters an extremely flat region of the inflaton potential, and enters a phase dubbed Ultra slow roll. In this article, we explore the possibility of realizing an Ultra slow-roll phase in a particularly interesting inflationary scenario, called Warm Inflation. In the Warm inflationary scenario a thermalized, sub-dominant radiation bath coexists with the inflaton energy density as an effect of dissipative dynamics. We show in this article that though the background dynamics indicate Ultra slow-roll when the potential becomes extremely flat, in Warm Inflation models, where the dissipation coefficient is a sole function of the temperature of the radiation bath, the system fails to maintain the thermal equilibrium as soon as it enters the Ultra slow-roll phase. As thermal equilibrium is a key feature of Warm Inflation, and as it is not yet known how to deal with Warm Inflation without thermal equilibrium, we could not analyze such systems any further in this article. However, we demonstrate that brief periods of Ultra slow-roll phase, which smoothly ends into standard slow-roll, can be accommodated in WI models where the dissipation coefficient is not only a function of the temperature of the radiation bath but also depends on the amplitude of the inflaton field. We theoretically determine the criteria of successfully embedding Ultra slow-roll in WI while the system remain in thermal equilibrium, and also demonstrate numerically that such short Ultra slow-roll phases can indeed be embedded in specific Warm Inflation models which comply with the theoretically determined criteria.
description: 10 pages, double column, 10 figures, v2: minor modification to text, references added, title modified according to PRD Editor's suggestion, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
HI content and other structural properties of galaxies in the Virgo cluster from the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey
Creators: name: Gavazzi, Giuseppe
name: Giovanelli, Riccardo
name: Haynes, Martha P.
name: Fabello, Silvia
name: Fumagalli, Michele
name: Kent, Brian R.
name: Koopmann, Rebecca A.
name: Brosch, Noah
name: Hoffman, G. Lyle
name: Salzer, John J.
name: Boselli, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of an HI blind survey of 80deg^2 of the Virgo cluster, based on the 08deg < delta < 16 deg strip of ALFALFA, the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey. 187 HI sources of high significance are found providing a complete census of HI sources in this region of the Virgo cluster (-1000 10^7.5-8 M_sun. 156/187 (83%) sources are identified with optical galaxies from the Virgo Cluster Catalogue (Binggeli et al. 1985), all but 8 with late-type galaxies. Ten sources are not associated with optical galaxies and were found to correspond to tidally-disrupted systems (see Kent et al. 2007 and Haynes, Giovanelli and Kent 2007). The remaining 21 (11%) are associated with galaxies that are not listed in the Virgo Cluster Catalogue. For all sources with an optical counterpart in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we analyzed i-band SDSS plates to measure optical structural parameters. We find that in the Virgo cluster: i) HI inhabits galaxies that are structurally similar to ordinary late-type galaxies; ii) their HI content can be predicted from their optical luminosity; iii) low surface brightness galaxies have low optical luminosity and contain small quantities of neutral hydrogen; iv) low surface brightness, massive Malin1 type galaxies are comfortably rare objects (less than 0.5%); v) there are no "dark-galaxies" with HI masses M_HI > 10^7.5-8 M_sun; vi) less than 1% of early-type galaxies contain neutral hydrogen with M_HI>10^7.5-8 M_sun (di Serego Alighieri et al. 2007).
description: 10 pages, 10 Postscript figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics (25/01/2008) - Replaced to fit A&A vers. 6.1
Hybrid Monte Carlo Simulation with Fourier Acceleration of the $N=2$ Principal Chiral Model in two Dimensions
Creators: name: Horsley, Roger
name: Pendleton, Brian
name: Wack, Julian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the similarity to QCD, specifically the property of asymptotic freedom, we simulate the dynamics of the SU(2) $\times$ SU(2) model in two dimensions using the Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm. By introducing Fourier Acceleration, we show that critical slowing down is largely avoided and increases the simulation efficiency by up to a factor of 300. This yields numerical predictions at a precision exceeding that of existing studies and allows us to verify the onset of asymptotic scaling.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures; minor corrections for journal submission
Initial characterization of the Rho B promoter
Creators: name: Ettehadieh, Elham
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Quiescent cells can be stimulated to proliferate or differentiate by extracellular signals which initiate cascades of tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases. Signaling pathways terminate in the nucleus where they can cause activation or suppression of gene expression. Immediate early genes are the initial genes induced at the level of transcription by mitogenic signals. The transcriptional induction of these genes occurs very rapidly after mitogenic stimulation and does not depend on de novo protein synthesis. This enhancement of transcription is transient producing mRNA species which are labile. In order to understand the signaling processes which lead to cellular proliferation, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms which control transcriptional induction of immediate early genes. Pathways which lead to the final event of transcription can be delineated by identifying and characterizing the factors which directly associate with the promoters of these genes and result in transcriptional induction. Rho B (ras homologous B) is the first and only member of the ras family of GTPases which has been classified as an immediate early gene. Evidence suggests that transcriptional regulation of Rho B is unique in comparison with other immediate early genes; therefore, studying its transcriptional induction should lead to a better understanding of signaling pathways which trigger the proliferative cycle of the cell. Here I show Rho B is an intronless gene with a TATA-less promoter containing a consensus initiator core element, -3' CGCAGTCC+5'. Rho B transcription initiates at multiple closely spaced nucleotides, CGCA, with the A nucleotide representing the major start site. I describe possible functions for putative protein binding sites in the 1 kb 5'-flanking region and propose that the czs-elements responsible for mitogenic stimulation of Rho B transcription are not located within the 3.2 kb 5'-flanking region relative to the start site.
Search for direct production of GeV-scale resonances decaying to a pair of muons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for direct production of low-mass dimuon resonances is performed using $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment during the 2017-2018 operation of the CERN LHC with an integrated luminosity of 96.6 fb$^{-1}$. The search exploits a dedicated high-rate trigger stream that records events with two muons with transverse momenta as low as 3 GeV but does not include the full event information. The search is performed by looking for narrow peaks in the dimuon mass spectrum in the ranges of 1.1-2.6 GeV and 4.2-7.9 GeV. No significant excess of events above the expectation from the standard model background is observed. Model-independent limits on production rates of dimuon resonances within the experimental fiducial acceptance are set. Competitive or world's best limits are set at 90% confidence level for a minimal dark photon model and for a scenario with two Higgs doublets and an extra complex scalar singlet (2HDM+S). Values of the squared kinetic mixing coefficient $\varepsilon^2$ in the dark photon model above 10$^{-6}$ are excluded over most of the mass range of the search. In the 2HDM+S, values of the mixing angle $\sin(θ_\text{H})$ above 0.08 are excluded over most of the mass range of the search with a fixed ratio of the Higgs doublets vacuum expectation $\tanβ$ = 0.5.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables, including additional supplementary figures, can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/EXO-21-005 (CMS Public Pages)
Letter from A. Harlan to James Goldie, February 7, 1908
Creators: name: Harland, A.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Letter to James Goldie (Jim) from A. Harland of Pincher Creek, Alta., dated February 7, 1908; written on Hotel Arlington letter head. The letter concerns the condition of life on his homestead at pincher creek and his opening of a Butcher's shop.
Spectral statistics in an open parametric billiard system
Creators: name: Dietz, B.
name: Heine, A.
name: Richter, A.
name: Bohigas, O.
name: Leboeuf, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present experimental results on the eigenfrequency statistics of a superconducting, chaotic microwave billiard containing a rotatable obstacle. Deviations of the spectral fluctuations from predictions based on Gaussian orthogonal ensembles of random matrices are found. They are explained by treating the billiard as an open scattering system in which microwave power is coupled in and out via antennas. To study the interaction of the quantum (or wave) system with its environment a highly sensitive parametric correlator is used.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Optimizing with Low Budgets: a Comparison on the Black-box Optimization Benchmarking Suite and OpenAI Gym
Creators: name: Raponi, Elena
name: Carraz, Nathanael Rakotonirina
name: Rapin, Jérémy
name: Doerr, Carola
name: Teytaud, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The growing ubiquity of machine learning (ML) has led it to enter various areas of computer science, including black-box optimization (BBO). Recent research is particularly concerned with Bayesian optimization (BO). BO-based algorithms are popular in the ML community, as they are used for hyperparameter optimization and more generally for algorithm configuration. However, their efficiency decreases as the dimensionality of the problem and the budget of evaluations increase. Meanwhile, derivative-free optimization methods have evolved independently in the optimization community. Therefore, we urge to understand whether cross-fertilization is possible between the two communities, ML and BBO, i.e., whether algorithms that are heavily used in ML also work well in BBO and vice versa. Comparative experiments often involve rather small benchmarks and show visible problems in the experimental setup, such as poor initialization of baselines, overfitting due to problem-specific setting of hyperparameters, and low statistical significance.
 With this paper, we update and extend a comparative study presented by Hutter et al. in 2013. We compare BBO tools for ML with more classical heuristics, first on the well-known BBOB benchmark suite from the COCO environment and then on Direct Policy Search for OpenAI Gym, a reinforcement learning benchmark. Our results confirm that BO-based optimizers perform well on both benchmarks when budgets are limited, albeit with a higher computational cost, while they are often outperformed by algorithms from other families when the evaluation budget becomes larger. We also show that some algorithms from the BBO community perform surprisingly well on ML tasks.
description: To appear in IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
The Noncrossing Bond Poset of a Graph
Creators: name: Farmer, C. Matthew
name: Hallam, Joshua
name: Smyth, Clifford
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 06A07, 05C30

description: The partition lattice and noncrossing partition lattice are well studied objects in combinatorics. Given a graph $G$ on vertex set $\{1,2,\dots, n\}$, its bond lattice, $L_G$, is the subposet of the partition lattice formed by restricting to the partitions whose blocks induce connected subgraphs of $G$. In this article, we introduce a natural noncrossing analogue of the bond lattice, the noncrossing bond poset, $NC_G$, obtained by restricting to the noncrossing partitions of $L_G$. Both the noncrossing partition lattice and the bond lattice have many nice combinatorial properties. We show that, for several families of graphs, the noncrossing bond poset also exhibits these properties. We present simple necessary and sufficient conditions on the graph to ensure the noncrossing bond poset is a lattice. Additionally, for several families of graphs, we give combinatorial descriptions of the Möbius function and characteristic polynomial of the noncrossing bond poset. These descriptions are in terms of a noncrossing analogue of non-broken circuit (NBC) sets of the graphs and can be thought of as a noncrossing version of Whitney's NBC theorem for the chromatic polynomial. We also consider the shellability and supersolvability of the noncrossing bond poset, providing sufficient conditions for both. We end with some open problems.
description: 40 pages, 13 figures
Letter and Estimate from M.J. Henry to [Frank] Hewer, February 15, 1908
Creators: name: Henry, M.J.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: One handwritten estimate of fruit tree order to Frank Hewer from M.J. Henry (Nursery and Greenhouses), dated February 15, 1908, accompanied by a handwritten letter to Frank Hewer from M.J. Henry regarding the estimate.
Cost shifting : an Australian perspective
Creators: name: Hardy, Robyn Mary
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: H97.H37 2011
subject: Political planning Economic aspects
subject: Australia Politics and government

description: This is a study about cost shifting and how it might be more precisely defined and explained. Cost shifting is essentially a public policy issue, although it can and does occur between private sector agents. Cost shifting has been variously defined by academics and practitioners, however, the definitions to date mix cost shifting with cost sharing and subsidisation. Mostly they mention the transfer of costs from one level of government to another through direct or indirect action. The definitions to date concentrate on a few claimed causal factors such as unclear roles and responsibilities in government, multiple tiers of governance, and budget maximising behaviour. These are not satisfactory explanations because they do not provide sufficient depth of analysis about the parties to cost shifting, the drivers nor the policy conditions in which cost shifting transactions take place in Australia. Despite the numerous claims made by government actors in Australia about cost shifting to and from other governments, it is usually not recognised as a significant policy issue; although it is regarded as contentious. Where it is recognised as an issue, it is addressed through the application of rules of funding and inter-governmental agreements. Cost shifting is closely associated with government and policy power and inter-governmental power relationships. This thesis suggests that cost shifting begs further analysis because it continues to be regularly raised as a public policy issue. The exact quantum of cost shifting is unknown, but the Australian Local Government Association would argue that it is in the order of $1 billion per annum in terms of cost shifting to local government from higher levels of government - Commonwealth and state (House of Representatives, 2003). Even if this is remotely accurate, this is not an inconsiderable sum. The contribution of this thesis is a better definition of cost shifting. Direct and indirect, deliberate and unintentional cost shifting are all examined in this study. Three case studies are provided to demonstrate different facets of cost shifting in Australia. These explorations will show the original contribution of this thesis in providing a deeper definition and a more comprehensive explanation of the sites and scope of cost shifting in Australia.
SoK: Fully Homomorphic Encryption Compilers
Creators: name: Viand, Alexander
name: Jattke, Patrick
name: Hithnawi, Anwar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows a third party to perform arbitrary computations on encrypted data, learning neither the inputs nor the computation results. Hence, it provides resilience in situations where computations are carried out by an untrusted or potentially compromised party. This powerful concept was first conceived by Rivest et al. in the 1970s. However, it remained unrealized until Craig Gentry presented the first feasible FHE scheme in 2009. The advent of the massive collection of sensitive data in cloud services, coupled with a plague of data breaches, moved highly regulated businesses to increasingly demand confidential and secure computing solutions. This demand, in turn, has led to a recent surge in the development of FHE tools. To understand the landscape of recent FHE tool developments, we conduct an extensive survey and experimental evaluation to explore the current state of the art and identify areas for future development. In this paper, we survey, evaluate, and systematize FHE tools and compilers. We perform experiments to evaluate these tools' performance and usability aspects on a variety of applications. We conclude with recommendations for developers intending to develop FHE-based applications and a discussion on future directions for FHE tools development.
description: 13 pages, to appear in IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy 2021
Returns to the origin of the Pólya walk with stochastic resetting
Creators: name: Godrèche, Claude
name: Luck, Jean-Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the simple random walk (or Pólya walk) on the one-dimensional lattice subject to stochastic resetting to the origin with probability $r$ at each time step. The focus is on the joint statistics of the numbers ${\mathcal{N}}_t^{\times}$ of spontaneous returns of the walker to the origin and ${\mathcal{N}}_t^{\bullet}$ of resetting events up to some observation time $t$. These numbers are extensive in time in a strong sense: all their joint cumulants grow linearly in $t$, with explicitly computable amplitudes, and their fluctuations are described by a smooth bivariate large deviation function. A non-trivial crossover phenomenon takes place in the regime of weak resetting and late times. Remarkably, the time intervals between spontaneous returns to the origin of the reset random walk form a renewal process described in terms of a single `dressed' probability distribution. These time intervals are probabilistic copies of the first one, the `dressed' first-passage time. The present work follows a broader study, covered in a companion paper, on general nested renewal processes.
description: 33 pages, 8 figures
[Undescribed tape]
Creators: name: Rose, Isabel
name: Halpern, Abraham M.
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: yum

description: 2 WAV files. For associated notebook, see Margaret Langdon Papers (Bancroft Library), carton 11, folder 25. Digitization by The Audio Archive (Burlingame, California).
Resonant X-ray diffraction studies on the charge ordering in magnetite
Creators: name: Nazarenko, E.
name: Lorenzo, J. E.
name: Joly, Y.
name: Hodeau, J. L.
name: Mannix, D.
name: Marin, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we show that the low temperature phase of magnetite is associated with an effective, although fractional, ordering of the charge. Evidence and a quantitative evaluation of the atomic charges are achieved by using resonant x-ray diffraction (RXD) experiments whose results are further analyzed with the help of ab initio calculations of the scattering factors involved. By confirming the results obtained from X-ray crystallography we have shown that RXD is able to probe quantitatively the electronic structure in very complex oxides, whose importance covers a wide domain of applications.
description: 4 pages 4 figures, accepted for publication in PRL
Longitudinal DC Conductivity in Dirac Nodal Line Semimetals: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Contributions
Creators: name: Pandey, Vivek
name: Joy, Dayana
name: Culcer, Dimitrie
name: Bhalla, Pankaj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nodal line semimetals, a class of topological quantum materials, exhibit a variety of novel phenomena due to their properties, such as bands touching on a one-dimensional line or a ring in the Brillouin zone and drumhead-like surface states. In addition, these semimetals are protected by the combined space-inversion and time-reversal ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetry. In this study, we investigate the longitudinal DC conductivity of the Dirac nodal line semimetals for the broken $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric system by the mass term. Here, using the quantum kinetic technique, we find the intrinsic (field-driven) and extrinsic (scattering-driven) contributions to the total DC conductivity due to interband effects. Interestingly, the resulting intrinsic conductivity is the Fermi sea contribution, while the extrinsic stems from the Fermi surface contribution. We show that at low chemical potential, the extrinsic part contributes more and dominates over the traditional Drude intraband term, while at the high chemical potential, the intrinsic conductivity contributes. Furthermore, the total DC response due to interband effects saturates at high chemical potential and its strength decreases with increasing mass value. Our findings suggest that the extrinsic contributions are rich enough to understand the overall feature of the response for the three-dimensional system.
description: Accepted for publication in the Physical Review B