cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Electron-hole compensation effect between topologically trivial electrons and nontrivial holes in NbAs
Creators: name: Luo, Yongkang
name: Ghimire, N. J.
name: Wartenbe, M.
name: Choi, Hongchul
name: Neupane, M.
name: McDonald, R. D.
name: Bauer, E. D.
name: Zhu, Jianxin
name: Thompson, J. D.
name: Ronning, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Via angular Shubnikov-de Hass (SdH) quantum oscillations measurements, we determine the Fermi surface topology of NbAs, a Weyl semimetal candidate. The SdH oscillations consist of two frequencies, corresponding to two Fermi surface extrema: 20.8 T ($α$-pocket) and 15.6 T ($β$-pocket). The analysis, including a Landau fan plot, shows that the $β$-pocket has a Berry phase of $π$ and a small effective mass $\sim$0.033 $m_0$, indicative of a nontrivial topology in momentum space; whereas the $α$-pocket has a trivial Berry phase of 0 and a heavier effective mass $\sim$0.066 $m_0$. From the effective mass and the $β$-pocket frequency we determine that the Weyl node is 110.5 meV from the chemical potential. A novel electron-hole compensation effect is discussed in this system, and its impact on magneto-transport properties is addressed. The difference between NbAs and other monopnictide Weyl semimetals is also discussed.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
(103533) William Lewis
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(103693) Margaret James
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Representation Wanted: the lack of black male students at top 100 universities
Creators: name: Jones, Kimothy Jr.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019
Subjects: Interviews
African American male college students
College environment
Minorities--Education (Higher)

description: This aim of this project is to produce a long-form news package highlighting the problem and impact of low number of black male students at top-ranked schools. I will concentrate on the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill area schools that fit the criteria: UNC Chapel Hill, NC State and Duke University. Examining these “Triangle-area” schools may provide insight to the larger issue at campuses around the country. I will also explore whether historically black colleges and universities like North Carolina Central University in Durham are gaining transfer students from top-level university students who seek a more inclusive environment. The news package follows three black male student characters and their experience being in a predominantly white student setting. In addition, there were interviews with certain school officials/employees from the universities being examined, sharing their thoughts on the issue of low black male enrollment, why it’s happening, and what measures can be taken to increase the numbers. 
One of the central concepts of this project is student satisfaction, and how black male students feel about their college experience once they get to the top-ranked schools in the Triangle. Is there something about the school that makes them uncomfortable? If so, that could hurt the school’s retention. Do the attitudes of other students, professors and administrators need to change? What are top-ranked universities doing to try and accommodate black males students better? What if UNC, Duke, and NC State are trying to recruit black males, but legitimate outside circumstances are preventing them from having more black male students? Does the public-school system have a hand in the low number of black male students at top universities, such as low graduation rate and college counseling? 

The news package can be viewed via this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4rIHakYrnCQ
Obtaining statistics of cascading line outages spreading in an electric transmission network from standard utility data
Creators: name: Dobson, Ian
name: Carreras, Benjamin A.
name: Newman, David E.
name: Reynolds-Barredo, Jose M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We show how to use standard transmission line outage historical data to obtain the network topology in such a way that cascades of line outages can be easily located on the network. Then we obtain statistics quantifying how cascading outages typically spread on the network. Processing real outage data is fundamental for understanding cascading and for evaluating the validity of the many different models and simulations that have been proposed for cascading in power networks.
description: Revised and expanded version with minor corrections and a new section illustrating use of data to validate a simulation. Will appear in IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
Positron extraction to an electromagnetic field free region
Creators: name: Cooke, D. A.
name: Barandun, G.
name: Vergani, S.
name: Brown, B.
name: Rubbia, A.
name: Crivelli, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a scheme for high efficiency (about 90%) extraction of 50 ns positron bunches from a buffer gas trap in an electromagnetic field free region. The positrons are time bunched to approximately 1 ns (FWHM) and focussed to less than 1 mm (σ). The target is kept at ground potential which is an advantage for many applications. The results compare well with SIMION simulations.
description: 8 pages, 4 Figures
(103812) Frances Emily Turnbull
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
EFFECT OF DRINKING HISTORY ON REINFORCED AND EXTINCTION RESPONDING IN CROSSED HIGH ALCOHOL-PREFERRING MICE
Creators: name: Winkler, Garrett A
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Behavioural genetics

description: Tolerance is a diagnostic criterion for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and dependence and is often measured metabolically or behaviorally by comparing blood ethanol concentrations (BEC) or locomotor performance to an ethanol (EtOH) challenge before and after a drinking history, respectively. To explore another aspect of chronic behavioral tolerance in a family history positive (FH+) model of AUD, crossed High Alcohol Preferring (cHAP) mice were allowed to respond instrumentally for an EtOH reinforcer after either a five-week history of continuous home cage two-bottle choice (2BC) drinking or a concurrent five-week water-drinking period. Additionally, some of these animals were placed back into the operant box after home cage drinking histories to respond in extinction, allowing for the quantification of alcohol-motivated seeking alone in the absence of EtOH taking and its intoxicating effects. The results demonstrate that an alcohol history does not lead to a subsequent increase in active lever responding or inactive lever responding when compared to water-drinking controls. However, female cHAP mice with an EtOH-drinking history respond more on the inactive lever in extinction compared to water controls, suggesting that home cage EtOH history potentiates variation in responding in extinction. Overall, female mice responded more on the active lever and drank more alcohol in the reinforced condition, but again, there was not an effect of drinking history on this sex-specific effect. Together these results suggest that while female cHAPs, regardless of drinking history, are more motivated to work to drink EtOH, reinforced and non-reinforced instrumental responding are not reliable readouts for tolerance in cHAP mice compared to other endpoints such as drinking in the dark (DID) assays.
How Racially and Ethnically Diverse Students Respond to Higher Education Recruitment Marketing Efforts: The Role of Diversity Recruitment Marketing Strategies
Creators: name: Shook, Kerri Weatherly
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019
Subjects: Universities and colleges--Admission
Surveys
Minorities--Education (Higher)
Universities and colleges--Marketing

description: This research aims to fill the gap between how higher education marketing professionals are developing and executing recruitment marketing strategies aimed at increasing the enrollment of racially and ethnically diverse students at their institutions and how students from these populations interpret those efforts, as well as what their top interests are when it comes to selecting a college. To fill this gap, I conducted a survey of 30 questions pertaining to higher education diversity recruitment marketing practices that was completed by a sample of 66 racially and ethnically diverse college students (18–24 years old). A combination of open-ended and close-ended questions revealed opinions about particular commonly used tactics, as well as preferences for future marketing practices.

This study indicates that racially and ethnically diverse students are
aware of popular recruitment marketing tactics used by colleges to increase the enrollment of students like them. They are also aware that they are specifically marketed to because of their race/ethnicity, which can result in these students distrusting colleges and the accuracy of their marketing materials. They believe that colleges care more about meeting enrollment numbers for diverse students than the unique values diverse students bring to campus, and said they feel like a number valued only for their race/ethnicity. This study reveals that there is much work to be done by higher education marketing professionals to present a more-truthful portrayal of campus diversity and to prove to racially and ethnically diverse students through recruitment marketing that the value of diversity extends beyond skin color and enrollment numbers.

Participants in this study largely appreciated efforts by colleges to
increase the enrollment of racially and ethnically diverse students on college campuses when efforts to do so were honest, rooted in inclusivity, and backed with necessary support and infrastructure. However, the majority saw diversity recruitment marketing efforts by colleges as forced, self-serving, and more about quotas and appearances than the actual benefits of having a diverse campus and educational experience.

The best-practices list included in this thesis provides guidelines for
successfully marketing to racially and ethnically diverse prospective college students by addressing the uncovered needs, concerns, opinions, preferences, and interests of racially and ethnically diverse students. This research and best-practices list propel research in this area forward, though additional research will be necessary to continue to close the gap and evolve as student preferences change.
Abstract sectional category in model structures on topological spaces
Creators: name: Moraschini, Marco
name: Murillo, Aniceto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the behavior of the abstract sectional category in the Quillen, the Strom and the Mixed proper model structures on topological spaces and prove that, under certain reasonable conditions, all of them coincide with the classical notion. As a result, the same conclusions hold for the abstract Lusternik-Schnirelmann category and the abstract topological complexity of a space.
Detection and Quantification of Infectious Human Enteric Viruses in a Pilot Wastewater Reclamation Facility
Creators: name: Camacho, Juan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: The Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD) conducted pilot-feasibility studies to reclaim its municipal wastewater for indirect potable reuse by groundwater recharge via direct aquifer injection. Reclaimed water for potable reuse requires consideration of its microbial quality. Human enteric virus pathogens, specifically adenovirus, reovirus, and enterovirus, found in wastewater are of health concern and are culturable in mammalian cell cultures. Traditionally, cell culture techniques are used detect the presence and concentrations of viruses in environmental samples. However, these methods often require long incubation periods before viruses may replicate and show visible signs of infection. Molecular methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), facilitate direct and more sensitive and specific assays to detect human enteric viruses in the environment but they rely solely on amplified nucleic acid signals and do not distinguish between viable, infectious viruses and genes from non-infectious viruses. Integrated cell culture plus RT-qPCR (ICC-PCR) provides sensitive and specific detection of culturable, infectious viruses even in the absence of visible effects of virus infectivity. Significant reductions in concentrations of infectious human adeno-, reo- and possibly enterovirus viruses by ICC-PCR were found between initial raw sewage influent and the final reclaimed water (p-value < 0.05) of the HRSD reclaimed water reclamation train based on 5 monthly sets of samples. Reclaimed water virus reductions were similar to those of the HRSD conventional wastewater treatment train. The calculated log10 virus reductions did not meet the 12-log10 reduction performance target set by California or the 5-log10 reduction performance target set by North Carolina.
Geschäftsberichte mit Briefen, Einladungen zu Verwaltungsrats-Sitzungen und Generalversammlungen, Jahresrechnungen, Präsenzlisten usw. aus dem internen Briefwechsel der Verwaltungsräte
Creators: name: Basler Bandfabrik vorm. Trüdinger & Cons
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1921

description: Deutsch
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire 12.04.2023 Automatisierter Import Archivbestand
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire ISAD(G) / HAN Katalogisierungsregeln für Archivbestände Detailliert
Detection and Localization of Root Damages in Underground Sewer Systems using Deep Neural Networks and Computer Vision Techniques
Creators: name: Zheng, Muzi
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Computer vision

description: The maintenance of a healthy sewer infrastructure is a major challenge due to the root damages from nearby plants that grow through pipe cracks or loose joints, which may lead to serious pipe blockages and collapse. Traditional inspections based on video surveillance to identify and localize root damages within such complex sewer networks are inefficient, laborious, and error-prone. Therefore, this study aims to develop a robust and efficient approach to automatically detect root damages and localize their circumferential and longitudinal positions in CCTV inspection videos by applying deep neural networks and computer vision techniques. With twenty inspection videos collected from various resources, keyframes were extracted from each video according to the difference in a LUV color space with certain selections of local maxima. To recognize distance information from video subtitles, OCR models such as Tesseract and CRNN-CTC were implemented and led to a 90% of recognition accuracy. In addition, a pre-trained segmentation model was applied to detect root damages, but it also found many false positive predictions. By applying a well-tuned YoloV3 model on the detection of pipe joints leveraging the Convex Hull Overlap (CHO) feature, we were able to achieve a 20% improvement on the reliability and accuracy of damage identifications. Moreover, an end-to-end deep learning pipeline that involved Triangle Similarity Theorem (TST) was successfully designed to predict the longitudinal position of each identified root damage. The prediction error was less than 1.0 feet.
On Detecting Millisecond Pulsars at the Galactic Center
Creators: name: Macquart, Jean-Pierre
name: Kanekar, Nissim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lack of detected pulsars at the Galactic Center (GC) region is a long-standing mystery. We argue that the high stellar density in the central parsec around the GC is likely to result in a pulsar population dominated by millisecond pulsars (MSPs), similar to the situation in globular cluster environments. Earlier GC pulsar searches have been largely insensitive to such an MSP population, accounting for the lack of pulsar detections. We estimate the best search frequency for such an MSP population with present and upcoming broad-band radio telescopes for two possible scattering scenarios, the "weak-scattering" case suggested by the recent detection of a magnetar close to the GC, and the "strong-scattering" case, with the scattering screen located close to the GC. The optimal search frequencies are $\approx 8$ GHz (weak-scattering) and $\approx 25$ GHz (strong-scattering), for pulsars with periods 1-20 ms, assuming that GC pulsars have a luminosity distribution similar to that those in the rest of the Milky Way. We find that 10-30 hour integrations with the Very Large Array and the Green Bank Telescope would be sufficient to detect MSPs at the GC distance in the weak-scattering case. However, if the strong-scattering case is indeed applicable to the GC, observations with the full Square Kilometre Array would be needed to detect the putative MSP population.
description: ApJ, accepted
The transition from non-Markovian to Markovian dynamics for generic environments
Creators: name: Garrido, Nephtalí
name: Gorin, Thomas
name: Pineda, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using random matrices, we study the reduced dynamics of a two level system interacting with a generic environment. In the weak coupling limit, the result can be obtained directly from known results for purity decay, and result in Markovian dynamics. We then focus on the case of strong coupling, when the dynamics is known to be non-Markovian. In this regime, the coupling dominates over the local parts of the Hamiltonian, and thus we treat the latter as a perturbation of the former. With the help of the linear response approximation, this allows us to obtain an analytical description of the reduced dynamics. Finally, we find a transition from non-Markovian to Markovian dynamics at a point where the coupling and the local Hamiltonian are comparable in size.
description: In V2 we added a figure and some text discussing the effect of an internal hamiltonian in the qubit. We also did some minor tweeks
„Am Donnerstag ich habe Sprechekurs.“
Creators: name: Hauenstein, Silke
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fremdspracherwerb
subject: DaF
subject: Deutsch als Fremdsprache
subject: Verbstellung
subject: Processability Theory
subject: Concept-Based Instruction
subject: Satzklammer
subject: Verbzweitstellung
subject: V2
subject: Vorfeld
subject: Chunks
subject: Second Language Acquisition
subject: GFL
subject: German as a foreign language
subject: verb placement
subject: verb bracket
subject: verb second
subject: prefield
subject: chunks
subject: 410 Linguistik

description: Diese Bachelorarbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Erwerb der deutschen Verbstellung durch Lernende mit Erstsprache Japanisch. Es werden mündliche Daten von 24 Lernenden untersucht, die an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin vierwöchige DaF-Intensivkurse auf Niveau A1 des GER belegten. Einem Teil der Lernenden wurde im Rahmen einer Concept-Based Instruction (CBI) der Zusammenhang zwischen Form und Funktion des Vorfelds explizit vermittelt, während die anderen Lernenden zwar explizite Instruktionen zur Verbzweiteigenschaft des Deutschen, jedoch nicht zur Funktion des Vorfelds erhielten. Die Analyse der Lernerdaten in Hinblick auf den Erwerb der Strukturen SVX, Satzklammer und XVS ergibt zum einen für alle Lernenden eine bereits sehr hohe Korrektheitsrate für die Satzklammer. Zum anderen fällt auf, dass die CBI-Gruppe das Vorfeld häufiger durch Nicht-Subjekte besetzt und in entsprechenden Äußerungen das Verb häufiger zielsprachlich in Zweitposition realisiert als die Kontrollgruppe. Es liegen allerdings Hinweise darauf vor, dass die XVS-Strukturen noch einen chunkartigen Charakter aufweisen bzw. zumindest noch unter einem starken Einsatz des expliziten Wissens produziert wurden.
description: This Bachelor’s thesis discusses the acquisition of German verb placement by learners with L1 Japanese. This paper aims to investigate oral production data from 24 students. Data was gathered from students who participated in a four week intensive elementary German as foreign language course at Humboldt University in Berlin. In one learner group, the form-function mapping of German prefield was explicitly taught using an approach called Concept-Based Instruction (CBI). Other students received some explicit instruction on German V2 feature but did not receive instruction on the function of German prefield. Firstly, data analysis in regard to the acquisition of SVX, verb bracket and XVS identified a high rate of accuracy on the German verb bracket for all learners. In addition, results identified that the CBI group more frequently placed non-subjects in the prefield position and that the CBI group more frequently placed the verb in correct V2 position in non-subject initial utterances than the comparison group. There was, however, evidence that the XVS structures are still produced as chunks or at least with an extensive use of explicit knowledge.
title: Rapid screening and quantitation of domoic acid in shellfish homogenates using laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LAESI-MS)
Creators: name: Cantrell, Pamela
name: Walsh, Callee
name: Goodman, Haddon
name: McMarron, Pearse
name: Reeves, Kelley
name: Rourke, Wade
name: O'Brien, Sinead
name: Daniel, G. Beach
Publisher: name: National Research Council Canada
Year: 2016

description: Developed LAESI-MS Orbit raprapid screening method to quantify domoic acid directly from shellfish homogenates with minimal sample preparation, comparing results to traditional LC-UV/LC-MS methods.
description: 64th ASMA Conference on Masss Spectrometry and Allied Topics, June 5-9, 2016, San Antonio, Texas, US
DETECTION OF STROKE, BLOOD VESSEL LANDMARKS, AND LEPTOMENINGEAL ANASTOMOSES IN MOUSE BRAIN IMAGING
Creators: name: Zhang, Leqi
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Computer vision
Image processing

description: Collateral connections in the brain, also known as Leptomeningeal Anastomoses, are connections between blood vessels originating from different arteries. Despite limited knowledge, they are suggested as an important contributor to cerebral stroke recovery that allows additional blood flow through the affected area. However, few databases and algorithms exist for this specific task of locating them. In this paper, a MATLAB program is developed to find these connections and detect strokes to replace manual labeling by professionals. The limited data available for this study are 23 2D microscopy images of mice cerebral vascular structures highlighted by dyes. In the images, strokes are shown to diminish the pixel count of vessels below 80\% compared to the healthy brain. Stroke classification error is greatly reduced by narrowing the scope from comparing the entire hemisphere to one smaller region. A novel way of finding collateral connections is utilizing connected components. Connected components organize all adjacent pixels into a group. All collateral connections can be found on the border of two neighboring arterial flow regions, and belong to the same group of connected components with the arterial source from each side. Along with finding collateral connections, a newly created coordinate system allows regions to be defined relative to the brain landmarks, based on the brain's center, orientation, and scale. The method newly proposed in this paper combines stroke detection, brain coordinate system extraction, and collateral connection detection in stroke-affected mouse brains using only image processing techniques. This allows a simpler, more explainable result on limited data than other techniques such as supervised machine learning. In addition, the new method does not require ground truth and high image count for training. This automated process was successfully interpreted by medical experts, which allows for further research into automating collateral connection detection in 3D.
Living Arrangements in Young Adulthood: Results from Wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health
Creators: name: Cuthertson, Carmen
name: Harris, Kathleen Mullan
name: Halpern, Carolyn Tucker
name: Killeya-Jones, Ley
name: Hallquist, Suzanne, P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: "Over the past few decades, there has been a lengthening of the transition period from adolescence to adulthood in the United States. Milestones commonly associated with entering adulthood – such as finishing school, landing a job, marrying, buying a home, and starting a family – are occurring at later ages. Increasingly, young adults are depending on their families to support them – both financially and emotionally – as they take on adult roles.1,2
Economic times are also harder for this generation than previous ones. Even before the start of the latest recession, employment prospects and associated wages were on the decline for young adults in North America, especially for men.3
Living arrangements in young adulthood have shifted as a result of these new social and economic realities. The traditional paradigm – a married couple living with children in a home that they own – no longer “fits” for a substantial proportion of the young adult population. This brief provides a portrait of the living arrangements of young adults in the U.S. in 2008, before the start of the latest recession. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we examine three important household characteristics: living arrangements, home ownership, and household composition. We explore patterns in these characteristics by gender, age, race/ethnicity, marital status, educational level, and personal income. We address the following questions:
 Where are young adults in their late twenties and early thirties living?
 Do they own their place of residence?
 Who lives with them?
Although we cannot yet examine the effect of the most recent recession on the Add Health cohort, this brief lays the groundwork for future post-recession analyses."
Impact of nonlinear loss on Stimulated Brillouin Scattering
Creators: name: Wolff, Christian
name: Gutsche, Philipp
name: Steel, Michael J.
name: Eggleton, Benjamin J.
name: Poulton, Christopher G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the impact of two-photon absorption (2PA) and fifth-order nonlinear loss such as 2PA-induced free-carrier absorption in semiconductors on the performance of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering devices. We formulate the equations of motion including effective loss coefficients, whose explicit expressions are provided for numerical evaluation in any waveguide geometry. We find that 2PA results in a monotonic, algebraic relationship between amplification, waveguide length and pump power, whereas fifth-order losses lead to a non-monotonic relationship. We define a figure of merit for materials and waveguide designs in the presence of fifth-order losses. From this, we determine the optimal waveguide length for the case of 2PA alone and upper bounds for the total Stokes amplification for the case of 2PA as well as fifth-order losses. The analysis is performed analytically using a small-signal approximation and is compared to numerical solutions of the full nonlinear modal equations.
Thermodynamics of accuracy in kinetic proofreading: Dissipation and efficiency trade-offs
Creators: name: Rao, Riccardo
name: Peliti, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The high accuracy exhibited by biological information transcription processes is due to kinetic proofreading, i.e., by a mechanism which reduces the error rate of the information-handling process by driving it out of equilibrium. We provide a consistent thermodynamic description of enzyme-assisted assembly processes involving competing substrates, in a Master Equation framework. We introduce and evaluate a measure of the efficiency based on rigorous non-equilibrium inequalities. The performance of several proofreading models are thus analyzed and the related time, dissipation and efficiency vs. error trade-offs exhibited for different discrimination regimes. We finally introduce and analyze in the same framework a simple model which takes into account correlations between consecutive enzyme-assisted assembly steps. This work highlights the relevance of the distinction between energetic and kinetic discrimination regimes in enzyme-substrate interactions.
description: IOP Class, 20 pages, 9 figures
Lifestyle and Behavior in Young Adulthood: The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health
Creators: name: Chen, Ping
name: Meekins, Kelsey
name: Halpern, Carolyn Tucker
name: Dean, Sarah Catherine
name: Harris, Kathleen Mullan
name: Sorgi, Ashley
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Young adulthood is associated with increased responsibilities, including financial independence, career development, and starting a family. Young Americans between the ages of 25-34 spend more time at work and caring for others, and have less free time than younger age groups.1 With more time dedicated to these responsibilities, young adults may not have as much time to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Over time, less healthy lifestyle behaviors set health trajectories into adulthood, increasing the risks of morbidities and chronic disease in the future.
Lifestyle and health related behavioral choices are important factors for understanding health. Physical inactivity and poor diet are major risk factors for obesity and other chronic diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and some cancers.2-6 Inadequate sleep is also related to poor health status, including obesity, hypertension, and Type 2 diabetes.2
This brief provides a snapshot of the lifestyle habits of young adults in the U.S. in 2008. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we examine the following lifestyle behaviors known to be related to health: sleep and sleep problems, physical activity, sedentary behaviors, fast food and sweet beverage intake, and smoking habits.
We address the following questions:
• How do young adults’ lifestyle behaviors compare to guidelines and recommendations for sleep, diet, physical activity and smoking?
• How do young adults’ lifestyle behaviors compare to reported national averages?
• How do patterns in these characteristics change by gender, age, race/ethnicity and obesity status?
Blue Laws Matter: Post-Jim Crow Police Power, Stop and Frisk, and the Agents that Populated the Carceral State
Creators: name: Di Carlo, Jonathan Michael
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2023
Subjects: Carceral State
Stop and Frisk
Social History
Legal History
American History
Police Power
Constitutional Law
African American History
Civil Rights
Criminal Law

description: This thesis analyzes the legal history of the Supreme Court’s Fourth Amendment case law as it relates to the police practice of Stop and Frisk which shifted drastically in 1968 with the creation of the “Terry Stop”. From that decision, it analyzes the broader role that both the Judiciary and Law Enforcement, as fundamental American institutions, played in the creation of the Carceral State. This research draws on archival Supreme Court records to demonstrate that the decision to reinterpret the Fourth Amendment’s prohibition on warrantless searches and seizures was made in full view of the politicization and racialization of crime. Further, it shows that the Supreme Court both faced and succumbed to the immense pressure that Law Enforcement, lobbyists, and the United States Department of Justice placed on it. In response, the Court created a semantic carveout of the Fourth Amendment that permitted the practice of racially motivated Stop and Frisk, and the confiscation of contraband found during such frisks as evidence of a crime. In doing so, the Court demonstrated its allegiance to Law Enforcement—in the face of significant evidence to the contrary—by continually dismissing arguments that police practices were motivated by negative stereotypes. In legalizing the Stop and Frisk in 1968, the Court empowered Law Enforcement to practices to gradually shift away from the racially motivated police harassment from the Vagrancy Regime of the Jim Crow era to a constitutionally permissible Stop and Frisk regime. This thesis situates the advent of that change in Police Power which brought about this new regime as a primordial cornerstone in the creation of the Carceral State which was characterized by police as the agents who gathered Black bodies from American streets into the justice system.
(103813) H. B. Turnbull
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Ground-based transit observations of the HAT-P-18, HAT-P-19, HAT-P-27/WASP-40 and WASP-21 systems
Creators: name: Seeliger, M.
name: Kitze, M.
name: Errmann, R.
name: Richter, S.
name: Ohlert, J. M.
name: Chen, W. P.
name: Guo, J. K.
name: Göğüş, E.
name: Güver, T.
name: Aydın, B.
name: Mottola, S.
name: Hellmich, S.
name: Fernandez, M.
name: Aceituno, F. J.
name: Dimitrov, D.
name: Kjurkchieva, D.
name: Jensen, E.
name: Cohen, D.
name: Kundra, E.
name: Pribulla, T.
name: Vaňko, M.
name: Budaj, J.
name: Mallonn, M.
name: Wu, Z. Y.
name: Zhou, X.
name: Raetz, St.
name: Adam, C.
name: Schmidt, T. O. B.
name: Ide, A.
name: Mugrauer, M.
name: Marschall, L.
name: Hackstein, M.
name: Chini, R.
name: Haas, M.
name: Ak, T.
name: Güzel, E.
name: Özdönmez, A.
name: Ginski, C.
name: Marka, C.
name: Schmidt, J. G.
name: Dincel, B.
name: Werner, K.
name: Dathe, A.
name: Greif, J.
name: Wolf, V.
name: Buder, S.
name: Pannicke, A.
name: Puchalski, D.
name: Neuhäuser, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As part of our ongoing effort to investigate transit timing variations (TTVs) of known exoplanets, we monitored transits of the four exoplanets HAT-P-18b, HAT-P-19b, HAT-P-27b/WASP-40b and WASP-21b. All of them are suspected to show TTVs due to the known properties of their host systems based on the respective discovery papers. During the past three years 46 transit observations were carried out, mostly using telescopes of the Young Exoplanet Transit Initiative. The analyses are used to refine the systems orbital parameters. In all cases we found no hints for significant TTVs, or changes in the system parameters inclination, fractional stellar radius and planet to star radius ratio. However, comparing our results with those available in the literature shows that we can confirm the already published values.
title: The basal ganglia of the brain revisited
Creators: name: Zlatareva, Dora
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Anatomy
subject: CNS
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR
subject: Neural networks

description: Learning objectives Main Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To recall the basal ganglia nuclei and their topography To identify the classic functional organization of the basal ganglia and its current concepts To elucidate the pathophysiology of various movement...
title: Infective/inflammatory disorders
Creators: name: Vanhoenacker, Filip
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Infection
subject: Inflammation
subject: Abscess

description: Learning objectives Main Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1. To learn about the pathomechanisms involved in inflammatory and infections disorders. 2. To understand the imaging appearances and their differential diagnosis in the acute, subacute and chronic phases of infection. 3. To become familiar with the...
Monogenic functions in the biharmonic boundary value problem
Creators: name: Gryshchuk, S. V.
name: Plaksa, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: I.7.1
subject: 30G35, 31A30

description: We consider a commutative algebra $\mathbb{B}$ over the field of complex numbers with a basis $\{e_1,e_2\}$ satisfying the conditions $(e_1^2+e_2^2)^2=0$, $e_1^2+e_2^2\ne 0$. Let $D$ be a bounded domain in the Cartesian plane $xOy$ and $D_ζ=\{xe_1+ye_2 : (x,y)\in D\}$. Components of every monogenic function $Φ(xe_1+ye_2)=U_{1}(x,y)\,e_1+U_{2}(x,y)\,ie_1+ U_{3}(x,y)\,e_2+U_{4}(x,y)\,ie_2$ having the classic derivative in $D_ζ$ are biharmonic functions in $D$, i.e. $Δ^{2}U_{j}(x,y)=0$ for $j=1,2,3,4$. We consider a Schwarz-type boundary value problem for monogenic functions in a simply connected domain $D_ζ$. This problem is associated with the following biharmonic problem: to find a biharmonic function $V(x,y)$ in the domain $D$ when boundary values of its partial derivatives $\partial V/\partial x$, $\partial V/\partial y$ are given on the boundary $\partial D$. Using a hypercomplex analog of the Cauchy type integral, we reduce the mentioned Schwarz-type boundary value problem to a system of integral equations on the real axes and establish sufficient conditions under which this system has the Fredholm property.
description: 30 pages
Characteristics of Young Adult Relationships: The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health
Creators: name: Dean, Sarah Catherine
name: Halpern, Carolyn Tucker
name: Sorgi, Ashley
name: Harris, Kathleen Mullan
name: Chen, Ping
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Much has been written about the delayed timing of many events that mark the transition to young adulthood in developed countries.1 This historical change is especially important for romantic partnerships because the type and the choices made within these relationships can have a lasting impact on adult health and well-being. 2,3
The relationship context involving closeness, trust, concurrent partners and even violence varies across relationship types. Moreover, the quality and diversity of these relationships shape trajectories for psychosocial well-being and future relationship quality.2
In this research brief, we describe the demographic patterns and quality of contemporary young adult relationships and address the following three questions:
1. What types of romantic relationships do young adults have, and how many are not currently in a relationship?
2. What are the demographic characteristics, in terms of gender, age differences, and race/ethnicity, of these relationships?
3. What is the quality of different types of young adult relationships, as indicated by relationship closeness, concurrent partners, and intimate partner violence?
GENERATION OF ALKYL RADICALS VIA C-H FUNCTIONALIZATION AND HALOGEN ATOM TRANSFER PROCESSES
Creators: name: Niu, Ben
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Organic chemical synthesis

description: Alkyl radicals are powerful intermediates for the generation of carbon-carbon bonds, which play an indispensable role in the synthesis of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. Traditionally, there are two main methods for the generation of alkyl radicals. The first is C-H bond functionalization via hydrogen-atom-transfer (HAT). HAT processes have been used as an effective approach for selectively activating C-H bonds via radical pathways. The other strategy to explore the generation of alkyl radicals is C-X bond functionalization via halogen-atom-transfer (XAT). Alkyl halides are one of the largest classes of building blocks in synthesis and they can be obtained from the corresponding alcohols. The most straightforward and effective way to form such alkyl radicals is the direct homolytic cleavage of C-X bonds. In past decades, photoredox catalysis has emerged as a powerful and greener tool for the synthesis of radicals under mild reaction conditions, which has brought tremendous attention. Although remarkable success has been made in this field, some methods still require costly transition metal catalysts or toxic reagents. Herein, we display a series of visible light-induced approaches under transition-metal free conditions or using earth-abundant metals. These novel photo-induced transformations and corresponding mechanistic work will be discussed in the following order: We will first present our work on metal-free visible-light-promoted C(sp3)-H functionalization of aliphatic cyclic ethers using trace O2. This reaction uses a trace amount of aerobic oxygen as the sole green oxidant under blue light at room temperature to achieve the synthesis of sulfone and phosphate derivatives in good to excellent yields using cyclic ethers and vinyl sulfones. Then, we report on a photo-induced C(sp3)-H chalcogenation of amide derivatives and ethers via a ligand-to-metal charge-transfer. This reaction converts secondary and tertiary amides, sulfonamides, and carbamates into the corresponding amido-N,S-acetal derivatives in good yields, using an earth abundant metal catalyst under mild conditions. Finally, we present a photoredox polyfluoroarylation of alkyl halides via halogen atom transfer. This method converts primary, secondary, and tertiary unactivated abundant alkyl halides into the corresponding polyfluoroaryl compounds in good yields and has good functional group compatibility.
title: Diagnostic performance and influence on computer-assisted-diagnosis (CAD) of ultra-low dose CT colonography (ULD-CTC) with model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR)
Creators: name: De Paoli Barbato, Giacomo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Colon
subject: Computer applications
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: CT
subject: CAD
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: Colonography CT
subject: CAD
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: Cancer

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: to compare perfomance of standard-dose (SD) and ultra low-dose (ULD) CT-Colonography (CTC), using Hybrid-Iterative Reconstruction (HIR) and Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction (MBIR), and to asses the effect of different reconstruction algorithms...
RESISTANCE TO THREE COMMON HERBICIDES IN CHAMELEON PLANT (HOUTTUYNIA CORDATA THUNB.), A HIGHLY INVASIVE EXOTIC SPECIES
Creators: name: Ice, David James
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Terrestrial ecology
Community ecology (excl. invasive species ecology)

description: Chameleon plant (Houttuynia cordata Thunb.) is native to Southern and Southeastern Asia. It can reproduce sexually through seeds and asexually through rhizomes and is invasive in multiple countries including the U.S. There has been much research on H. cordata as a medicinal species, and its potential as an invasive species is well documented. However, its herbicidal resistance has not previously been quantified. The objective of this study is to assess H. cordata’s resistance to herbicides. This study consisted of two rounds of tests to examine the resistance of H. cordata plants to three commonly used herbicides: SpeedZone, Weed-B-Gon, and Roundup. Two concentrations of each herbicide were used during each trial in the study: the recommended concentration and twice the recommended concentration. Herbicide treatments were applied outside the greenhouse. Herbicides were sprayed uniformly on the plants until the herbicide was dripping off the leaves. The growth of the treated plants was then monitored in the greenhouse. The herbicides generally reduced growth of the plants temporarily. However, plant extermination was not achieved. Plant samples from all herbicidal treatments regrew from rhizomes after all herbicide treatments. Results from the study showed that H. cordata could not be controlled by the recommended concentrations of herbicides commercially available for horticultural uses in the U.S. Doubling the recommended herbicide concentration was also ineffective in exterminating H. cordata plants. This research clearly showed that H. cordata has the potential to become a highly invasive species with the potential to negatively affect the ecological integrity of many communities in the U.S.