cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The interplay of magnetically-dominated turbulence and magnetic reconnection in producing nonthermal particles
Creators: name: Comisso, Luca
name: Sironi, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetized turbulence and magnetic reconnection are often invoked to explain the nonthermal emission observed from a wide variety of astrophysical sources. By means of fully-kinetic 2D and 3D PIC simulations, we investigate the interplay between turbulence and reconnection in generating nonthermal particles in magnetically-dominated pair plasmas. A generic by-product of the turbulence evolution is the generation of a nonthermal particle spectrum with a power-law energy range. The power-law slope $p$ is harder for larger magnetizations and stronger turbulence fluctuations, and it can be as hard as $p < 2$. The Larmor radius of particles at the high-energy cutoff is comparable to the size $l$ of the largest eddies. Plasmoid-mediated reconnection, which self-consistently occurs in the turbulent plasma, controls the physics of particle injection. Then, particles are further accelerated by stochastic scattering off turbulent fluctuations. The work done by parallel electric fields - naturally expected in reconnection layers - is responsible for most of the initial energy increase, and is proportional to the magnetization $σ$ of the system, while the subsequent energy gain, which dominates the overall energization of high-energy particles, is powered by the perpendicular electric fields of turbulent fluctuations. The two-stage acceleration process leaves an imprint in the particle pitch-angle distribution: low-energy particles are aligned with the field, while the highest energy particles move preferentially orthogonal to it. The energy diffusion coefficient of stochastic acceleration scales as $D_γ\sim 0.1σ(c/l)γ^2$, where $γ$ is the particle Lorentz factor. This results in fast acceleration timescales $t_{acc}\sim (3/σ)\,l/c$. Our findings have important implications for understanding the generation of nonthermal particles in high-energy astrophysical sources.
description: Animations are available at: https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-prt9-kn88
UM EXAME DA RELAÇÃO ENTRE A INDÚSTRIA DA MODA E VARIÁVEIS SÓCIO-ECONOMICAS NO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO
Creators: name: De Lima, Mariana Cavalcanti Pincovsky
name: Melo, Andre De Souza
name: Lima, Ricardo Chaves
name: De Lima, Mariana Cavalcanti Pincovsky
name: Melo, Andre De Souza
name: Lima, Ricardo Chaves
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Public Economics
subject: Indústria da moda
subject: variáveis socioeconômicas
subject: mínimos quadrados ponderados

description: Este trabalho objetiva identificar os impactos e as relações da indústria da moda nas variáveis socioeconômicas. Esta indústria engloba fiação, tecelagem, confecção, calçados, curtimento de couro e acessórios nos municípios do estado de Pernambuco. Para isso, foram estimadas regressões usando dados em cross-section e o método de estimação foi o de mínimos quadrados ponderados. Como resultados relevantes, têm-se um impacto importante do PIB e da população na indústria da moda e uma relevante relação positiva entre a indústria do setor e o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) retratando a importância do crescimento deste setor no estado de Pernambuco.
Diffraction of ultra-cold fermions by quantized light fields: Standing versus traveling waves
Creators: name: Meiser, D.
name: Search, C. P.
name: Meystre, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the diffraction of quantum degenerate fermionic atoms off of quantized light fields in an optical cavity. We compare the case of a linear cavity with standing wave modes to that of a ring cavity with two counter-propagating traveling wave modes. It is found that the dynamics of the atoms strongly depends on the quantization procedure for the cavity field. For standing waves, no correlations develop between the cavity field and the atoms. Consequently, standing wave Fock states yield the same results as a classical standing wave field while coherent states give rise to a collapse and revivals in the scattering of the atoms. In contrast, for traveling waves the scattering results in quantum entanglement of the radiation field and the atoms. This leads to a collapse and revival of the scattering probability even for Fock states. The Pauli Exclusion Principle manifests itself as an additional dephasing of the scattering probability.
MOESM4 of A randomised controlled trial of an exercise intervention promoting activity, independence and stability in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and early dementia (PrAISED) - A Protocol
Creators: name: Bajwa, Rupinder
name: Goldberg, Sarah
name: Wardt, Veronika Van Der
name: Burgon, Clare
name: Lorito, Claudio Di
name: Godfrey, Maureen
name: Dunlop, Marianne
name: Logan, Pip
name: Masud, Tahir
name: Gladman, John
name: Smith, Helen
name: Hood-Moore, Vicky
name: Booth, Vicky
name: Nair, Roshan Das
name: Pollock, Kristian
name: Vedhara, Kavita
name: Edwards, Rhiannon
name: Jones, Carys
name: Hoare, Zoe
name: Brand, Andrew
name: Harwood, Rowan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4. Summary participant information sheet.
"ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ КСЕНОБИОТИКОВ И ИХ РОЛЬ В ПАТОГЕНЕЗЕ ОСТРОГО ЛЕЙКОЗА"
Creators: name: Сабитова, З.А.
name: Ганижонов, П.Х.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Острый лейкоз (ОЛ) является одной из наиболее тяжелых форм рака крови, отличающейся аномальным размножением незрелых клеток, что приводит к нарушению нормальной гематопоэза. На протяжении многих лет ученые пытаются установить взаимосвязь между воздействием ксенобиотиков — химических веществ, не производимых организмом, и развитием острого лейкоза. В этом контексте особое внимание уделяется генам, кодирующим ферменты, участвующие в метаболизме ксенобиотиков.
MOESM2 of Acceptability and understanding of front-of-pack nutritional labels: an experimental study in Mexican consumers
Creators: name: Vargas-Meza, Jorge
name: Jáuregui, Alejandra
name: Contreras-Manzano, Alejandra
name: Nieto, Claudia
name: Simón Barquera
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2 Table S2 Proportion of participants correctly identifying the least healthy option in all food categories across demographic characteristics. This table provides descriptive information (proportions and percent’s) of the participants (gender, age, education, household income, nutrition knowledge) according to the assigned frontal labeling.
Study on the Roles of FWUA in Construction, Management and Maintenance of Small-Scale Irrigation and Water Conservancy
Creators: name: Li, Shaoshu
name: Yuan, Ke
name: Li, Shaoshu
name: Yuan, Ke
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Small-scale irrigation
subject: FWUA
subject: Construction
subject: Management and maintenance

description: In recent years, China has been frequented by floods and droughts which has greatly evoked much concern from the Central Government about rural water conservancy construction. Irrigation is closely related to the "three rural" issues and concerns about the vital interests of farmers. To achieve a virtuous circle of agricultural water supply, it is necessary and urgent to establish Farmer Water User Association (FWUA) to participate in the construction, management and maintenance of small-scale irrigation system. Based on the survey on nationwide "Small-scale irrigation conditions", the roles of FWUA in the construction, management and maintenance of small-scale water conservancy have studied in this study.
Problems of New Plant Variety Protection System in China and Countermeasures
Creators: name: GUAN, Yuwu
name: GUAN, Yuwu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agriculture
subject: New plant varieties
subject: Intellectual property

description: Protection of new plant varieties has been long neglected in China, which has already restricted agricultural technological renovation, and influenced export of Chinese agricultural products. The current scientific and technological management system is not favorable for the output of right of new plant variety, and high cost of protecting new plant varieties directly results in agricultural researchers’ ignorance of right of new plant variety. Major causes were concluded as poor intellectual property awareness of peasants and agricultural researchers, government-arranged system for agricultural scientific and technological management, and hardship in safeguarding intellectual property due to the particularity of agricultural technology. In view of these problems, Chinese agricultural scientific and technological management system should be reformed, protection system of new plant varieties improved, more efforts devoted in protecting the right of new plant variety and also the owners’ interest.
Bio-informatics Research Progress in the Post-genome Era Based on the Quantitative Analysis of SCIE
Creators: name: ZHAN, Yongqin
name: YU, Min
name: ZHAN, Yongqin
name: YU, Min
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Status quo
subject: SCIE database
subject: Quantitative analysis

description: SCIE paper output can reflect the status quo and trend of discipline research and 7 038 scientific articles concerning bioinformatics are retrieved in SCIE database during the years between 2008 and 2012. Quantitative analysis of paper output and citation frequency are conducted according to nations, institutions, publications, research direction as well as hot articles, which provides assistance for bioinformatics researchers to understand the present situation of this subject, carry out cooperative studies and display scientific research achievements.
Phase diagram of the frustrated Hubbard model
Creators: name: Zitzler, R.
name: Tong, N.
name: Pruschke, Th.
name: Bulla, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Mott-Hubbard metal-insulator transition in the paramagnetic phase of the one-band Hubbard model has long been used to describe similar features in real materials like V$_2$O$_3$. Here we show that this transition is hidden inside a rather robust antiferromagnetic insulator even in the presence of comparatively strong magnetic frustration. This result raises the question of the relevance of the Mott-Hubbard metal-insulator transition for the generic phase diagram of the one-band Hubbard model.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
Supramolecular self-assembled drug delivery system (SADDs) of vancomycin and tocopherol succinate as an antibacterial agent: in vitro, in silico and in vivo evaluations
Creators: name: Salih, Mohammed
name: Omolo, Calvin A.
name: Devnarain, Nikita
name: Elrashedy, Ahmed A.
name: Chunderika Mocktar
name: Soliman, Mahmoud E. S.
name: Thirumala Govender
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: In this study self-assembled drug delivery system (SADDs) composed of a hydrophobic d-α-tocopherol succinate (TS) and a hydrophilic vancomycin (VCM) were formulated, and its potential for enhancing the antibacterial activity of VCM against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were explored. The SADDs were synthesized via supramolecular complexation, then characterized for in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies. In silico studies confirmed the self-assembly of VCM/TS into NPs. The size, surface charge and drug loading of the SADDs was ˂100 nm, −27 mV and 68%, respectively. The SADDs were non-hemolytic and biosafe. A sustained release of VCM from SADDs was noted, with 52.2% release after 48 hr. The in vitro antibacterial test showed a twofold decrease in Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against SA and MRSA, and a significantly higher reduction in MRSA biofilms compared to bare VCM. Further, in silico studies confirmed strong and stable binding of TS to MRSA efflux pumps. The in vivo study using mice skin infection models showed a 9.5-fold reduction in bacterial load after treatment with SADDs, in comparison with bare VCM. These findings affirmed that VCM/TS NPs as a promising novel nano-delivery for treating bacterial infections.
MOESM3 of A randomised controlled trial of an exercise intervention promoting activity, independence and stability in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and early dementia (PrAISED) - A Protocol
Creators: name: Bajwa, Rupinder
name: Goldberg, Sarah
name: Wardt, Veronika Van Der
name: Burgon, Clare
name: Lorito, Claudio Di
name: Godfrey, Maureen
name: Dunlop, Marianne
name: Logan, Pip
name: Masud, Tahir
name: Gladman, John
name: Smith, Helen
name: Hood-Moore, Vicky
name: Booth, Vicky
name: Nair, Roshan Das
name: Pollock, Kristian
name: Vedhara, Kavita
name: Edwards, Rhiannon
name: Jones, Carys
name: Hoare, Zoe
name: Brand, Andrew
name: Harwood, Rowan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Participant information sheet.
Nonlinear phenomena in fluids with temperature-dependent viscosity: an hysteresis model for magma flow in conduits
Creators: name: Costa, Antonio
name: Macedonio, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magma viscosity is strongly temperature-dependent. When hot magma flows in a conduit, heat is lost through the walls and the temperature decreases along the flow causing a viscosity increase. For particular values of the controlling parameters the steady-flow regime in a conduit shows two stable solutions belonging either to the slow or to the fast branch. As a consequence, this system may show an hysteresis effect, and the transition between the two branches can occur quickly when certain critical points are reached. In this paper we describe a model to study the relation between the pressure at the inlet and the volumetric magma flow rate in a conduit. We apply this model to explain an hysteric jump observed during the dome growth at Soufrière Hills volcano (Montserrat), and described by Melnik and Sparks [1999] using a different model.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, corrected version of "Nonlinear phenomena in fluids with temperature-dependent viscosity: an hysteresis model for magma flow in conduits" GRL Vol 29, No 10,2002
What factors determine membership to farmer groups in Uganda? Evidence from the Uganda Census of Agriculture 2008/9
Creators: name: Adong, Annet
name: Mwaura, Francis
name: Okoboi, Geofrey
name: Adong, Annet
name: Mwaura, Francis
name: Okoboi, Geofrey
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Farmer group Membership
subject: Decision Making
subject: Uganda Census of Agriculture
subject: Adong
subject: EPRC

description: While government of Uganda and its development partners are targeting farmer groups as the vehicle for agricultural development, there is limited empirical evidence on what drives membership to these groups. Using the Uganda Census of Agriculture 2008/9 data, this paper reveals low levels of membership both at individual and household levels with a marked regional dimension. The key policy variables found to influence participation in farmer group included education attainment, distance to extension service and quality of road infrastructure. Increasing membership to farmer groups requires government and its development partners to target more resources towards less educated farmers and those who live far from extension workers. The use of the local language in publicity materials is also important in ensuring participation among the illiterate and the less educated. Overall, there is a need for concerted efforts by all institutions supporting groups to ensure that existing groups have improved access to agricultural technologies and noticeable outcomes are achieved so as to attract more farmers.
MOESM1 of Acceptability and understanding of front-of-pack nutritional labels: an experimental study in Mexican consumers
Creators: name: Vargas-Meza, Jorge
name: Jáuregui, Alejandra
name: Contreras-Manzano, Alejandra
name: Nieto, Claudia
name: Simón Barquera
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1 Table S1 Nutritional quality and nutrient content of the food products used. This table provides the mean (min-max) nutritional quality, energy and nutrient (total fat, saturated fat, sugar, fiber and protein) content per 100 g/mL of the products used.
Albendazole solid dispersions prepared using PEG6000 and Poloxamer188: formulation, characterization and in vivo evaluation
Creators: name: Chun-Liu Dong
name: Si-Di Zheng
name: Liu, Yan-Yan
name: Cui, Wen-Qiang
name: Hao, Mei-Qi
name: Bello-Onaghise God'spower
name: Chen, Xue-Ying
name: Li, Yan-Hua
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This study aimed to optimize the preparation process of albendazole (ABZ) solid dispersion (SD) and enhance its dissolution rate and oral bioavailability in dogs. The ABZ-SD formulations were prepared by a fusion method with ABZ and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000), poloxamer 188 (P 188) polymers at various weight ratios or the combination of PEG 6000&P 188. The characterizations of the optimal formulations were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), in vitro dissolution test and molecular docking. The in vivo pharmacokinetic study was conducted in beagle dogs. As a result, ABZ solid dispersion based on PEG 6000&P 188 (1:2) was successfully prepared. The ABZ-SD formulation could significantly improve the apparent solubility and dissolution rate of ABZ compared with commercial tablets. Furthermore, the water solubility of ABZ-SD was improved mainly based on hydrogen bond association. Besides, at an oral dosage of 15 mg/kg ABZ, the SDs had higher Cmax values and areas under the curve (AUCs) compared to those of commercial ABZ tablets. Preparation of ABZ-loaded SDs by PEG 6000&P 188 is a promising strategy to improve the oral bioavailability of ABZ.
Model independent analysis of dark energy I: Supernova fitting result
Creators: name: Gong, Yungui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of dark energy is a mystery to us. This paper uses the supernova data to explore the property of dark energy by some model independent methods. We first Talyor expanded the scale factor $a(t)$ to find out the deceleration parameter $q_0<0$. This result just invokes the Robertson-Walker metric. Then we discuss several different parameterizations used in the literature. We find that $Ω_{\rm DE0}$ is almost less than -1 at $1σ$ level. We also find that the transition redshift from deceleration phase to acceleration phase is $z_{\rm T}\sim 0.3$.
description: v4: minor corrections, main results unchanged. 10 figures, use revtex, 7 pages, v5: refences updated, will appear in Class. Quantum Grav
MOESM2 of A randomised controlled trial of an exercise intervention promoting activity, independence and stability in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and early dementia (PrAISED) - A Protocol
Creators: name: Bajwa, Rupinder
name: Goldberg, Sarah
name: Wardt, Veronika Van Der
name: Burgon, Clare
name: Lorito, Claudio Di
name: Godfrey, Maureen
name: Dunlop, Marianne
name: Logan, Pip
name: Masud, Tahir
name: Gladman, John
name: Smith, Helen
name: Hood-Moore, Vicky
name: Booth, Vicky
name: Nair, Roshan Das
name: Pollock, Kristian
name: Vedhara, Kavita
name: Edwards, Rhiannon
name: Jones, Carys
name: Hoare, Zoe
name: Brand, Andrew
name: Harwood, Rowan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Participant consent form.
Causes of health inequalities in Uganda: Evidence from the demographic and health surveys
Creators: name: Ssewanyana, Sarah
name: Kasirye, Ibrahim
name: Ssewanyana, Sarah
name: Kasirye, Ibrahim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Health
subject: EPRC
subject: Ssewanyana
subject: Poverty reduction
subject: Child nutrition
subject: maternal education
subject: welfare

description: Despite sustained macroeconomic growth and impressive income poverty reduction in Uganda, the country’s total child nutrition status remains poor. More so, wide within country disparities in stunting and underweight rates exist across the country. This study exploredthe determinants of child nutrition status and in Uganda using three rounds of the Uganda demographic and health surveys undertaken during 1995–2006.The surveys are nationally representative and capture anthropometric indicators for children aged below 5 years. The study investigated the determinants of health inequalities focusing on child health status through a combination of decomposition and regression analysis. Our results show that household welfare status remains a key determinant of child health status and inequalities in health. Furthermore, the results show that individual maternal education matters more in enhancing child health than does community knowledge about health.
HIV/AIDS sero-prevalence and socioeconomic status: Evidence from Uganda
Creators: name: Kasirye, Ibrahim
name: Kasirye, Ibrahim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Sexual behaviour
subject: Kasirye
subject: EPRC
subject: STDs
subject: Health

description: Although Uganda reported large reductions in HIV/AIDS prevalence during the 1990s, recent evidence suggests that country’s rate of new HIV infections is on the rise. This study explores the factors that are correlated with sexual behavior and the risk of HIV infection using a unique dataset of 19,500 individuals from the 2011 Uganda AIDS Indicator Survey. This survey tested individuals 15-49 years of age for sexually transmitted infections, including the HIV virus. The same survey also collected background information for all tested individuals. This information is similar to what is collected in a typical demographic and health survey (DHS). We estimate probit models for the correlates of risky sexual behaviors that can lead to HIV infection such as: having concurrent sexual partners, no-condom use, and alcohol use during sex. In addition, we examine correlates of having been tested for HIV prior to the survey. Also, we estimate models for correlates of the risk of testing HIV positive as well as the self-assessed risks of contracting HIV. We find that higher education attainment and access to health facilities are important for adopting safe sexual behaviors as well as the reducing the risk of testing HIV positive. Among HIV infected couples, we find that women have a higher rate of discordance which is at odds with the low rates of self-reported extra marital sexual behavior.
Competition between shared autonomous vehicles and public transit: A case study in Singapore
Creators: name: Mo, Baichuan
name: Cao, Zhejing
name: Zhang, Hongmou
name: Shen, Yu
name: Zhao, Jinhua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Emerging autonomous vehicles (AV) can either supplement the public transportation (PT) system or compete with it. This study examines the competitive perspective where both AV and PT operators are profit-oriented with dynamic adjustable supply strategies under five regulatory structures regarding whether the AV operator is allowed to change the fleet size and whether the PT operator is allowed to adjust headway. Four out of the five scenarios are constrained competition while the other one focuses on unconstrained competition to find the Nash Equilibrium. We evaluate the competition process as well as the system performance from the standpoints of four stakeholders -- the AV operator, the PT operator, passengers, and the transport authority. We also examine the impact of PT subsidies on the competition results including both demand-based and supply-based subsidies. A heuristic algorithm is proposed to update supply strategies for AV and PT based on the operators' historical actions and profits. An agent-based simulation model is implemented in the first-mile scenario in Tampines, Singapore. We find that the competition can result in higher profits and higher system efficiency for both operators compared to the status quo. After the supply updates, the PT services are spatially concentrated to shorter routes feeding directly to the subway station and temporally concentrated to peak hours. On average, the competition reduces the travel time of passengers but increases their travel costs. Nonetheless, the generalized travel cost is reduced when incorporating the value of time. With respect to the system efficiency, the bus supply adjustment increases the average vehicle load and reduces the total vehicle kilometer traveled measured by the passenger car equivalent (PCE), while the AV supply adjustment does the opposite.
Avalanche dynamics, surface roughening and self-organized criticality - experiments on a 3 dimensional pile of rice
Creators: name: Aegerter, C. M.
name: Günther, R.
name: Wijngaarden, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a two-dimensional system which exhibits features of self-organized criticality. The avalanches which occur on the surface of a pile of rice are found to exhibit finite size scaling in their probability distribution. The critical exponents are $τ$ = 1.21(2) for the avalanche size distribution and $D$ = 1.99(2) for the cut-off size. Furthermore the geometry of the avalanches is studied leading to a fractal dimension of the active sites of $d_B$ = 1.58(2). Using a set of scaling relations, we can calculate the roughness exponent $α= D - d_B$ = 0.41(3) and the dynamic exponent $z = D(2 - τ)$ = 1.56(8). This result is compared with that obtained from a power spectrum analysis of the surface roughness, which yields $α$ = 0.42(3) and $z$ = 1.5(1) in excellent agreement with those obtained from the scaling relations.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in PRE
Poverty and inequality dynamics in Uganda: Insights from the Uganda national Panel Surveys 2005/6 and 2009/10
Creators: name: Ssewanyana, Sarah
name: Kasirye, Ibrahim
name: Ssewanyana, Sarah
name: Kasirye, Ibrahim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Uganda
subject: poverty dynamics
subject: inequality
subject: middle class
subject: Ssewanyana
subject: Kasirye
subject: EPRC

description: While Uganda has made significant efforts in reducing the proportion of individuals and households living below the absolute poverty line, nearly 10 percent of the households continue to live in persistent or chronic poverty with significant differences across geographical areas. Of all households classified aspoor in 2009/10, nearly 49 percent were chronically poor households and as such the poor are not a homogenous group. Compared to 1992-99 period, households in Uganda were found to be more vulnerable to poverty in the period 2005/6-2009/10. These observed changes in the nature and patterns of poverty dynamics in Uganda require government to move away from universal poverty reduction interventions that continue to treat the poor as a homogenous group. Otherwise, Uganda’s achievement of the first millennium development goal of halving extreme income poverty earlier than 2015 might not be sustainable.The paper also examines the drivers of income inequality and finds that education remains the key determinant of income inequality. At the same time, income differences between regions are narrowing suggesting an indication of regional convergence on average income. While government’s fiscal targeting of the lagging areas and rural areas might explain the observed convergence in average income across geographical areas, there are other emerging development challenges that require further refinement for the current targeting. Access to public extension programs such as the National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS), which are intended to enhance agricultural production and productivity is skewed to well-to-do households and not evenly distributed across region. Similar observations are noted in terms of access to community infrastructure. There is also need to ensure that the benefit of economic growth reach the poorest in a way that expands their opportunities.
MOESM1 of A randomised controlled trial of an exercise intervention promoting activity, independence and stability in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and early dementia (PrAISED) - A Protocol
Creators: name: Bajwa, Rupinder
name: Goldberg, Sarah
name: Wardt, Veronika Van Der
name: Burgon, Clare
name: Lorito, Claudio Di
name: Godfrey, Maureen
name: Dunlop, Marianne
name: Logan, Pip
name: Masud, Tahir
name: Gladman, John
name: Smith, Helen
name: Hood-Moore, Vicky
name: Booth, Vicky
name: Nair, Roshan Das
name: Pollock, Kristian
name: Vedhara, Kavita
name: Edwards, Rhiannon
name: Jones, Carys
name: Hoare, Zoe
name: Brand, Andrew
name: Harwood, Rowan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT 2013 checklist: recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents.
Multifunctional nanoparticles of paclitaxel and cyclodextrin- polypeptide conjugates with in vitro anticancer activity
Creators: name: Yusheng, Sun
name: Chenjun, Ma
name: Yingying, Hua
name: Tiantian, Wei
name: Liefeng, Zhang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: In this study, the cyclodextrin polypeptide (R8-CMβCD) was successfully synthesized by the conjugation of a cell-penetrating peptide (R8) with carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CMβCD) via the carbon diamine reaction. Then, paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles (PTX@R8-CMβCD NPs) was prepared. Results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that PTX@R8-CMβCD NPs were spherical with smooth surfaces and an average diameter about 144 nm. The amount of PTX released from NPs was less than 20% at pH7.4, but it increased significantly to 80% in the weakly acidic cytoplasm of tumors (pH5.0). Furthermore, PTX@R8-CMβCD NPs promoted the cellular uptake of PTX. Further studies on the mechanism showed that cellular uptake of PTX@R8-CMβCD NPs could rely on multiple pathways. In addition, the NPs had the ability to inhibit P-gp efflux pumps. Cytotoxicity tests showed that the NPs had no side effects. Taken together, PTX@R8-CMβCD NPs is an effective anticancer drug delivery system, and the material (R8-CMβCD) may be a promising anti-cancer drug carrier.
MOESM6 of A benchmark of transposon insertion detection tools using real data
Creators: name: Vendrell-Mir, Pol
name: Barteri, Fabio
name: Merenciano, Miriam
name: González, Josefa
name: Casacuberta, Josep
name: Castanera, Raúl
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 6 : Figure S1. Number of MH63 reference and non-reference insertions detected by direct comparison of 1000 LTR-retrotransposon flanking sites of different sizes from MH63 and Nipponbare genomes. (.pdf)
Competitive Balance Theory: Modeling conflict of interest in a heterogeneous network
Creators: name: Oloomi, Farideh
name: Masoumi, Razieh
name: Karimipour, Kosar
name: Hosseiny, Ali
name: Jafari, G. Reza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of networks on Heider balance theory moves toward reducing the tension by constantly reevaluating the interactions to achieve a state of balance. Conflict of interest, however, is inherent in most complex systems; frequently, there are multiple ideals or states of balance, and moving towards one could work against another. In this paper, by introducing the competitive balance theory, we study the evolution of balance in the presence of conflicts of interest. In our model, the assumption is that different states of balance compete in the evolution process to dominate the system. We ask, whether, through these interactions, different states of balance compete to prevail their own ideals or a set of co-existing ideals in a balanced condition is a possible outcome. The results show that although there is a symmetry in the type of balance, the system either evolves towards a symmetry breaking where one of the states of balance dominates the system, or, less frequently, the competing states of balance co exist in a jammed state.
Contribution of the Disk Emission to the Broad Emission Lines in AGNs: Two-component model
Creators: name: Popovic, L. C.
name: Mediavilla, E.
name: Bon, E.
name: Ilic, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an investigation of the structure of the emission line region in a sample of 12 single-peaked Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). Using the high resolution H-beta and H-alpha line profiles observed with the Isaac Newton Telescope (La Palma) we study the substructure in the lines (such as shoulders or bumps) which can indicate a disk or disk-like emission in Broad Line Regions (BLRs). Applying Gaussian analysis we found that both kinds of emission regions, BLR and NLR, are complex. In this sample the narrow [OIII] lines are composites of two components; NLR1 which have random velocities from \sim 200 to 500 km/s and systematic velocities toward the blue from 20 to 350 km/s, and NLR2 with smaller random velocities (\sim 100-200 km/s) and a redshift corresponding to the cosmological one. The BLR also have complex structure and we apply a two-component model assuming that the line wings originate in a very broad line region (VBLR) and the line core in an intermediate line region (ILR). The VBLR is assumed to be an accretion disk and the ILR a spherical emission region. The model fits very well the H-alpha and H-beta line profiles of the AGNs.
description: 11 pages, A&A, accpted
Supramolecular Self-Assembled Drug Delivery System (SADDs) of Vancomycin and Tocopherol Succinate as an Antibacterial Agent: In vitro, In silico and In vivo Evaluations
Creators: name: Salih, Mohammed
name: Omolo, Calvin A.
name: Devnarain, Nikita
name: Elrashedy, Ahmed A
name: Chunderika Mocktar
name: Soliman, Mahmoud E. S.
name: Thirumala Govender
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: In this study self-assembled drug delivery system (SADDs) composed of a hydrophobic D-α-tocopherol succinate (TS) and a hydrophilic vancomycin (VCM) were formulated, and its potential for enhancing the antibacterial activity of VCM against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were explored. The SADDs were synthesized via supramolecular complexation, then characterized for in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies. In silico studies confirmed the self-assembly of VCM/TS into NPs. The size, surface charge and drug loading of the SADDs was ˂100 nm, -27 mV and 68%, respectively. The SADDs were non-haemolytic and biosafe. A sustained release of VCM from SADDs was noted, with 52.2% release after 48 hr. The in vitro antibacterial test showed a two-fold decrease in Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against SA and MRSA, and a significantly higher reduction in MRSA biofilms compared to bare VCM. Further, in silico studies confirmed strong and stable binding of TS to MRSA efflux pumps. The in vivo study using mice skin infection models showed a 9.5-fold reduction in bacterial load after treatment with SADDs, in comparison with bare VCM. These findings affirmed that VCM/TS NPs as a promising novel nano-delivery for treating bacterial infections.
The Impacts of Climate Shocks on Child Mortality in Mali
Creators: name: Han, Peter
name: Foltz, Jeremy D.
name: Han, Peter
name: Foltz, Jeremy D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Health Economics and Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: The global child mortality rate has dropped significantly in the last two decades with Sub-Saharan Africa experiencing the fastest decline. However, Mali seems to be an exception, with a barely noticeable annual reduction rate of 1.8% between 1990 and 2011. We hypothesize that an increase in the number of climate shocks are partially responsible for the slow decline of child mortality in Mali. Using unique household survey panel data between 1994 and 2010 and daily climate measures from National Climate Data Center, we analyze the impact of climate shocks on child mortality in Sikasso, Mali. Applying survival analysis, we find significant effects of rain shocks on child mortality. Furthermore, higher numbers of women in the household and proximity to health facilities have a positive effect on child survival. When faced with an increased number of climate shocks, better infrastructure and healthcare facilities in the most affected regions may be able to mitigate the risk of child death in the future.
Imidazolium-based ionic liquid functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a promising nano-carrier: response surface strategy to investigate and optimize loading and release process for Lapatinib delivery
Creators: name: Peyvand, Parvaneh
name: Vaezi, Zahra
name: Mosslim Sedghi
name: Dalir, Nima
name: Ma’mani, Leila
name: Naderi-Manesh, Hossein
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Imidazolium-based ionic liquid functionalized PEGylated mesoporous silica nanoparticles MCM-41 (denoted as [ImIL-PEGylated@MCM-41] NPs) is synthesized and evaluated as an efficient and reliable pH-sensitive nano-carrier for controlled release of cationic Lapatinib (Lap) drug. This nano-DDS was fully characterized by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption measurement, and differential scanning calorimeter. Furthermore, the drug loading content and in-vitro drug release profile were studied. The entrapment and loading efficiency of the optimized formulation for Lap were 91 ± 2.0% and 32.21 ± 2.70%, respectively. The results of cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that ImIL-PEG@MCM-41 has no significant toxicity on both cancerous and normal cell lines and the anticancer activity of Lap@ImIL-PEG@MCM-41 was comparable to free drug in case of human breast cells (SKBR3) and human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK-293). Meanwhile, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture was performed by multicellular tumor spheroids for understanding of cell response to drugs in physiologically 3D microenvironments. The results of Lap@ImIL-PEG@MCM-41 uptake during 48 hours showed a gradual release of the Lap through the multicellular tumor spheroids. This showed that the pH-responsive controlled release of Lapatinib leads to the satisfactory results in the in vitro breast cancer therapy.
Measuring psi(3770) -> Kshort Klong as a test of the S- and D-wave mixing of charmonia
Creators: name: Wang, P.
name: Mo, X. H.
name: Yuan, C. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adding to the long standing "rho-pi puzzle" in psi(3686) and J/psi decays, recently BES reported the branching ratio of psi(3686) -> Kshort Klong which is enhanced relative to the pQCD " 12% rule" expectation from the branching ratio of J/psi -> Kshort Klong. If the enhancement is due to the mixing of the S- and D-wave charmonium states as in the rho-pi case, the newly measured branching ratio of psi(3686) -> Kshort Klong gives a constraint on the psi(3770) -> Kshort Klong. It serves as a good test for the scenario of the S- and D-wave mixing in the psi(3686) and psi(3770).
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Long Secondary Periods in luminous red giant variables
Creators: name: Takayama, Masaki
name: Ita, Yoshifusa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of long secondary periods (LSPs) in red giant variables is unknown. We investigate whether stellar pulsations in red giants can explain the properties of the LSP variability. VIJHKs light curves obtained by OGLE and the IRSF/SIRIUS survey in the Small Magellanic Cloud are examined. The sample of oxygen-rich LSP stars show evidence of a phase lag between the light curves of optical and near- IR band. The change in radius contributes the bolometric change roughly half as much as the change in temperature, implying that the change in effective temperature plays an important role in the luminosity change associated with the LSPs. We have created numerical models based on the spherical harmonics to calculate the light amplitudes of dipole mode variability and have found that the models can roughly reproduce the amplitude - amplitude relations (e.g. ($ΔI$, $ΔH$)). The LSP variability can be reproduced by the dipole mode oscillations with temperature amplitude of $\lesssim$ 100 K and $\lesssim$ 150 K for oxygen-rich stars and most carbon stars, respectively. Radial pulsation models are also examined and can reproduce the observed colour change of the LSPs. However, there is still an inconsistency in length between the LSP and periods of radial fundamental mode. On the other hand, theoretical PL relations of the dipole mode corresponding to so-called oscillatory convective mode were roughly consistent with observation. Hence our result suggests that the observations can be consistent with stellar pulsations corresponding to oscillatory convective modes.
description: 17pages, 16 figures, 3 tables, Accepted for Publication in MNRAS
Viscous heating in fluids with temperature-dependent viscosity: implications for magma flows
Creators: name: Costa, A.
name: Macedonio, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Viscous heating plays an important role in the dynamics of fluids with strongly temperature-dependent viscosity because of the coupling between the energy and momentum equations. The heat generated by viscous friction produces a local temperature increase near the tube walls with a consequent decrease of the viscosity which may dramatically change the temperature and velocity profiles. These processes are mainly controlled by the Peclét number, the Nahme number, the flow rate and the thermal boundary conditions. The problem of viscous heating in fluids was investigated in the past for its practical interest in the polymer industry, and was invoked to explain some rheological behaviours of silicate melts, but was not completely applied to study magma flows. In this paper we focus on the thermal and mechanical effects caused by viscous heating in tubes of finite lengths. We find that in magma flows at high Nahme number and typical flow rates, viscous heating is responsible for the evolution from Poiseuille flow, with a uniform temperature distribution at the inlet, to a plug flow with a hotter layer near the walls. When the temperature gradients induced by viscous heating are very pronounced, local instabilities may occur and the triggering of secondary flows is possible. For completeness, this paper also describes magma flow in infinitely long tubes both at steady state and in transient phase.
description: 12 pages manuscript, 16 figures