cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A metrical analysis of Blackfoot nominal accent in optimality theory
Creators: name: Kaneko, Ikuyo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Blackfoot (Siksika), an Algonquian language spoken in Southern Alberta and in Northwestern Montana, is claimed to have a pitch-accent system (Frantz 1991). However, no complete analysis of the Blackfoot word accent system is available in the literature. This thesis examines Blackfoot nominal accent by means of metrical analysis (Halle and Vergnaud 1987) in Optimality Theory (OT) (Prince and Smolensky 1993). All of the data in this thesis are elicited from native speakers of Blackfoot. Regardless of noun type, every word contains one and only one pitch peak. Bare nouns (mono-morphemic nouns) and relational nouns (dependent nouns) show that Blackfoot has a mixed predictable and lexical accent system. Accent is quantity-sensitive, i.e. a heavy syllable attracts accent, while in nouns which contain no heavy syllable or more than one heavy syllable, it is lexically specified. An interesting contrast is found in long vowels - they contrast a high-level pitch, a falling pitch, and a rising pitch. Derived nouns (compounds) demonstrate four kinds of accent patterns, depending on the status (free vs. bound) and the accentual property (accented vs. unaccented) of morphemes. The leftmost accent of the compound members is retained, but the accent shifts to the juncture of them if it is word-final. If compound members are unaccented, the accent is assigned to word-final position by default. Speaker variation also occurs. One speaker systematically changes vowel length depending on the type of accented syllable, while the other speaker shows a wide variety of accent patterns. This thesis concludes that all the accent patterns can be accounted for by a single ranking of constraints in an OT analysis, in spite of the fact that the accent system is both lexical and predictable. Addition of constraints is needed specifically for compounds! Speaker variation is accounted for by reranking the same set of constraints. Priority is given to constraints that refer to the predictable accent in the grammar of one speaker. The lexical information is more respected in the other speaker's grammar. In addition to the analysis of general pitch-accent patterns, four types of irregular patterns are examined. The conclusions reached in this thesis demonstrate that the accent system interacts with other phonological properties of Blackfoot.
Anomalous band renormalization due to high energy $kink$ in the colossal thermoelectric material K$_{0.65}$RhO$_2$
Creators: name: Changdar, Susmita
name: Shipunov, G.
name: Joseph, N. B.
name: Plumb, N. C.
name: Shi, M.
name: Büchner, B.
name: Narayan, Awadhesh
name: Aswartham, S.
name: Thirupathaiah, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on low-energy electronic structure and electronic correlations of K$_{0.65}$RhO$_2$, studied using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) technique and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We observe a highly correlated hole pocket on the Fermi surface. We further notice that the correlations are momentum dependent. Most importantly, two $kinks$ at binding energies of 75 meV and 195 meV have been observed from the band dispersion in the vicinity of the Fermi level. While the low energy $kink$ at 75 meV can be understood as a result of the electron-phonon interaction, the presence of high energy $kink$ at 195 meV is totally a new discovery of this system leading to an anomalous band renormalization. Based on systematic analysis of our experimental data, we propose high frequency bosonic excitations as a plausible origin of the high energy anomaly. Further, we notice that the high energy anomaly has important implications in obtaining the colossal thermoelectric power of K$_{0.65}$RhO$_2$.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures
1. The measurement of angles
Creators: name: Perryman, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Gaia

description: The basis of astrometric measurements is the accurate measurement of tiny angles that divide up the sky. Dividing a circle, whether on paper or on an imaginary sweep of the celestial sky, is a task well-posed in principle.  Practical techniques for doing so aside, it is only necessary to agree on the unit of subdivision.
WOOL POLICY IN THE UNITED STATES: ITS DIRECT IMPACT ON AUSTRALIAN EXPORTS
Creators: name: Houck, James P.
name: Houck, James P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1968
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: Australian apparel wool exports to the United States are less than they might be because of two protective policies of the U.S. government: a fixed tariff and a system of direct price.support payments to U.S. wool producers. Dismantling these policies, though difficult, could mean $10 million to $21 million worth of additional Australian wool sales to the United States, over 1966 levels. Most of the increase would come from tariff cuts. Such amounts are worth negotiating for but would not solve the industry's problems.
Dynamics of domain walls intersecting black holes
Creators: name: Flachi, Antonino
name: Pujolas, Oriol
name: Sasaki, Misao
name: Tanaka, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous studies concerning the interaction of branes and black holes suggested that a small black hole intersecting a brane may escape via a mechanism of reconnection. Here we consider this problem by studying the interaction of a small black hole and a domain wall composed of a scalar field and simulate the evolution of this system when the black hole acquires an initial recoil velocity. We test and confirm previous results, however, unlike the cases previously studied, in the more general set-up considered here, we are able to follow the evolution of the system also during the separation, and completely illustrate how the escape of the black hole takes place.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
Temperature of nonextensive system: Tsallis entropy as Clausius entropy
Creators: name: Abe, Sumiyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of temperature in nonextensive statistical mechanics is studied. Considering the first law of thermodynamics and a "quasi-reversible process", it is shown that the Tsallis entropy becomes the Clausius entropy if the inverse of the Lagrange multiplier, $beta$, associated with the constraint on the internal energy is regarded as the temperature. This temperature is different from the previously proposed "physical temperature" defined through the assumption of divisibility of the total system into independent subsystems. A general discussion is also made about the role of Boltzmann's constant in generalized statistical mechanics based on an entropy, which, under the assumption of independence, is nonadditive.
description: 14 pages, no figures
Transition from the annealed to the quenched asymptotics for a random walk on random obstacles
Creators: name: Arous, Gérard Ben
name: Molchanov, Stanislav
name: Ramírez, Alejandro F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82B41, 82B44 (Primary) 60J45, 60J65, 82C22 (Secondary)

description: In this work we study a natural transition mechanism describing the passage from a quenched (almost sure) regime to an annealed (in average) one, for a symmetric simple random walk on random obstacles on sites having an identical and independent law. The transition mechanism we study was first proposed in the context of sums of identical independent random exponents by Ben Arous, Bogachev and Molchanov in [Probab. Theory Related Fields 132 (2005) 579--612]. Let $p(x,t)$ be the survival probability at time $t$ of the random walk, starting from site $x$, and let $L(t)$ be some increasing function of time. We show that the empirical average of $p(x,t)$ over a box of side $L(t)$ has different asymptotic behaviors depending on $L(t)$. T here are constants $0γ_1$, a law of large numbers is satisfied and the empirical survival probability decreases like the annealed one; if $L(t)\ge e^{γt^{d/(d+2)}}$, with $γ>γ_2$, also a central limit theorem is satisfied. If ${L(t)\ll t}$, the averaged survival probability decreases like the quenched survival probability. If $t\ll L(t)$ and $\log L(t)\ll t^{d/(d+2)}$ we obtain an intermediate regime. Furthermore, when the dimension $d=1$ it is possible to describe the fluctuations of the averaged survival probability when $L(t)=e^{γt^{d/(d+2)}}$ with $γ
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117905000000404 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Inflationary Perturbations and Precision Cosmology
Creators: name: Habib, Salman
name: Heinen, Andreas
name: Heitmann, Katrin
name: Jungman, Gerard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inflationary cosmology provides a natural mechanism for the generation of primordial perturbations which seed the formation of observed cosmic structure and lead to specific signals of anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background radiation. In order to test the broad inflationary paradigm as well as particular models against precision observations, it is crucial to be able to make accurate predictions for the power spectrum of both scalar and tensor fluctuations. We present detailed calculations of these quantities utilizing direct numerical approaches as well as error-controlled uniform approximations, comparing with the (uncontrolled) traditional slow-roll approach. A simple extension of the leading-order uniform approximation yields results for the power spectra amplitudes, the spectral indices, and the running of spectral indices, with accuracy of the order of 0.1% - approximately the same level at which the transfer functions are known. Several representative examples are used to demonstrate these results.
description: 24 pages, 19 figures
Quantifying the Uncertainty in Model Parameters Using Gaussian Process-Based Markov Chain Monte Carlo: An Application to Cardiac Electrophysiological Models
Creators: name: Dhamala, Jwala
name: Sapp, John L.
name: Horácek, B. Milan
name: Wang, Linwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Estimation of patient-specific model parameters is important for personalized modeling, although sparse and noisy clinical data can introduce significant uncertainty in the estimated parameter values. This importance source of uncertainty, if left unquantified, will lead to unknown variability in model outputs that hinder their reliable adoptions. Probabilistic estimation model parameters, however, remains an unresolved challenge because standard Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling requires repeated model simulations that are computationally infeasible. A common solution is to replace the simulation model with a computationally-efficient surrogate for a faster sampling. However, by sampling from an approximation of the exact posterior probability density function (pdf) of the parameters, the efficiency is gained at the expense of sampling accuracy. In this paper, we address this issue by integrating surrogate modeling into Metropolis Hasting (MH) sampling of the exact posterior pdfs to improve its acceptance rate. It is done by first quickly constructing a Gaussian process (GP) surrogate of the exact posterior pdfs using deterministic optimization. This efficient surrogate is then used to modify commonly-used proposal distributions in MH sampling such that only proposals accepted by the surrogate will be tested by the exact posterior pdf for acceptance/rejection, reducing unnecessary model simulations at unlikely candidates. Synthetic and real-data experiments using the presented method show a significant gain in computational efficiency without compromising the accuracy. In addition, insights into the non-identifiability and heterogeneity of tissue properties can be gained from the obtained posterior distributions.
Cytoplasmic dynein motors are localized to the cytoplasmic face of the er component of es in rat sertoli cells
Creators: name: Kimel, Gil Howard
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In vitro motility assays indicate that minus-end directed microtubule dependant motors are attached to specialized junction plaques (ectoplasmic specializations) that occur in regions of Sertoli cells attached to spermatids. These plaques are characterized by a layer of hexagonally arrayed actin filaments situated between and linked to a cistern of ER and the plasma membrane. In this study, I use immuno-EM and actin-severing (gelsolin) experiments to test the hypothesis that cytoplasmic dynein is localized to the ER. For immuno-EM, perfusion fixed rat testis were probed for the intermediate chain of cytoplasmic dynein (IC74) before (mechanically fragmented tissue) or after (intact tissue) embedding and compared with controls. Labeling was clearly evident along, although not restricted to, the cytoplasmic face of the ER. For the gelsolin experiments testicular fractions enriched for spermatid/junction complexes were incubated with and without the gelsolin enzyme, which was used to artificially disassemble the junction plaque and release the ER, centrifuged, and the supernatants compared by western blot analysis for GRP94 (a marker for ER), IC74 (Pfister and Babco), and DHC1a (Asai). All three probes reacted more strongly with appropriate bands from gelsolin treated supernatants than with corresponding bands from controls. The data are consistent with the conclusion that a cytoplasmic dynein is associated with ectoplasmic specializations and that the motor is anchored to the cytoplasmic face of the ER component of the plaque. Because Sertoli cell microtubules have their minus-end located apically, a cytoplasmic dynein may be the motor associated with moving spermatids to the apex of the epithelium prior to sperm release.
Effect of optical disorder and single defects on the expansion of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional waveguide
Creators: name: Fort, C.
name: Fallani, L.
name: Guarrera, V.
name: Lye, J.
name: Modugno, M.
name: Wiersma, D. S.
name: Inguscio, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the one-dimensional expansion of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical guide in the presence of a random potential created with optical speckles. With the speckle the expansion of the condensate is strongly inhibited. A detailed investigation has been carried out varying the experimental conditions and checking the expansion when a single optical defect is present. The experimental results are in good agreement with numerical calculations based on the Gross-Pitaevskii equation.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
On the quasi-static evolution of nonequilibrium steady states
Creators: name: Salem, Walid K. Abou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quasi-static evolution of steady states far from equilibrium is investigated from the point of view of quantum statistical mechanics. As a concrete example of a thermodynamic system, a two-level quantum dot coupled to several reservoirs of free fermions at different temperatures is considered. A novel adiabatic theorem for unbounded and nonnormal generators of evolution is proven and applied to study the quasi-static evolution of nonequilibrium steady states (NESS) of the coupled system.
description: 39 pages. Some typos corrected. To appear in Ann. Henri Poincare
Moiré superlattice effects and band structure evolution in near-30-degree twisted bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Hamer, Matthew J.
name: Giampietri, Alessio
name: Kandyba, Viktor
name: Genuzio, Francesca
name: Mentes, Tevfik O.
name: Locatelli, Andrea
name: Gorbachev, Roman V.
name: Barinov, Alexei
name: Mucha-Kruczynski, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In stacks of two-dimensional crystals, mismatch of their lattice constants and misalignment of crystallographic axes lead to formation of moiré patterns. We show that moiré superlattice effects persist in twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) with large twists and short moiré periods. Using angle-resolved photoemission, we observe dramatic changes in valence band topology across large regions of the Brillouin zone, including the vicinity of the saddle point at $M$ and across 3 eV from the Dirac points. In this energy range, we resolve several moiré minibands and detect signatures of secondary Dirac points in the reconstructed dispersions. For twists $θ>21.8^{\circ}$, the low-energy minigaps are not due to cone anti-crossing as is the case at smaller twist angles but rather due to moiré scattering of electrons in one graphene layer on the potential of the other which generates intervalley coupling. Our work demonstrates robustness of mechanisms which enable engineering of electronic dispersions of stacks of two-dimensional crystals by tuning the interface twist angles. It also shows that large-angle tBLG hosts electronic minigaps and van Hove singularities of different origin which, given recent progress in extreme doping of graphene, could be explored experimentally.
description: main text: 25 pages, 5 figures; supplement: 22 pages, 7 figures
Global properties of an exact string theory solution in two and four dimensions
Creators: name: Svendsen, Harald G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper discusses global properties of exact (in alpha prime) string theory solutions: A deformed black hole solution in two dimensions and a Taub-NUT type solution in four dimensions. These models are exact by virtue of having CFT descriptions in terms of heterotic coset models. The analysis includes analytic continuations of the metric, motion of test particles, and the T-duality which acts as a map between different regions of the extended solutions, rendering the physical spacetimes non-singular.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures; v2: minor corrections, as printed in journal
Supplementary Material (Search Parameters and Results from Scoping Review)
Creators: name: Frisbee, Jefferson
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320101
subject: Cardiology (incl. cardiovascular diseases)
classificationCode: 320999
subject: Neurosciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 329999
subject: Other biomedical and clinical sciences not elsewhere classified

description: While existing literature supports associations between cerebrovascular dysfunction and the emergence of depression and depressive symptoms, relatively little is known about underlying mechanistic pathways that may explain potential relationships. As such, an integrated understanding of these relationships in pre-clinical models could provide insight into the nature of the relationship, basic mechanistic linkages and areas in which additional investment should be targeted. This scoping review was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus to outline the relationship between depressive symptoms and cerebrovascular dysfunction in pre-clinical animal models with additional focus on the areas above. From 3438 articles initially identified, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. All studies reported a positive association between the severity of markers for cerebrovascular dysfunction and that for depressive symptoms in rodent models and this spanned all models for either pathology. Specific mechanistic links between the two such as chronic inflammation, elevated vascular oxidant stress, and altered serotonergic signaling were highlighted. Notably, almost all studies addressed outcomes in male animals, with a near complete lack of data from females, and there was little consistency in terms of how cerebrovascular dysfunction was assessed. Across nearly all studies was the lack of clarity for any “cause and effect” relationship between depressive symptoms and cerebrovascular dysfunction. At this time, it is reasonable to conclude that a bidirectional relationship between the two is most likely and future investigation will be required to parse out more specific aspects to this relationship.
NORTH DAKOTA LAND VALUATION MODEL
Creators: name: Aakre, Dwight G.
name: Saxowsky, David M.
name: Vreugdenhil, Harvey G.
name: Aakre, Dwight G.
name: Saxowsky, David M.
name: Vreugdenhil, Harvey G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land valuation
subject: real estate assessment
subject: agricultural land
subject: capitalization rate

description: The North Dakota Land Valuation Model was created by the North Dakota Legislature in the early 1980s. This model is used to estimate the value of agricultural land based on productivity for purposes of real estate tax assessment. Prior to this change, agricultural real estate was assessed based on market values. This model is used to estimate the average value per acre of cropland and non-cropland, by county, based on the value of crops and livestock produced on these lands. An average value per acre for all agricultural land in each county is calculated by weighting the value of cropland and non-cropland. This paper describes how the model is constructed, how values are calculated, and what factors impact changes in land values.
title: Правовое обеспечение профессиональной деятельности
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Профобразование
Year: 2021

description: В учебнике рассмотрены основные юридические вопросы, касающиеся деятельности организации и индивидуальных предпринимателей и правового регулирования договорных отношений. Подробно описаны принципы трудовых отношений между работником и работодателем. Даны рекомендации по получению социальной помощи гражданам. Затрагивается тема административных правонарушений и ответственности. В издании приведено большое количество образцов документов, используемых на практике, а также примеров. Подготовлен в соответствии с Федеральным государственным образовательным стандартом среднего профессионального образования. Учебник предназначен для студентов всех специальностей и профессий среднего профессионального образования, учебными планами которых предусмотрено изучение дисциплины «Правовое обеспечение профессиональной деятельности».
The Evolution of Binary Fractions in Globular Clusters
Creators: name: Ivanova, N.
name: Belczynski, K.
name: Fregeau, J. M.
name: Rasio, F. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of binary stars in globular clusters using a new Monte Carlo approach combining a population synthesis code (StarTrack), and a simple treatment of dynamical interactions in the dense cluster core using a new tool for computing 3-body and 4-body interactions (Fewbody). We find that the combination of stellar evolution and dynamical interactions (binary-single and binary-binary) leads to a rapid depletion of the binary population in the cluster core. The maximum binary fraction today in the core of a typical dense cluster like 47 Tuc, assuming an initial binary fraction of 100%, is only about 5-10%. We show that this is in good agreement with recent HST observations of close binaries in the core of 47 Tuc, provided that a realistic distribution of binary periods is used to interpret the results. Our findings also have important consequences for the dynamical modeling of globular clusters, suggesting that ``realistic models'' should incorporate much larger initial binary fractions than has usually been done in the past.
description: 14 pages, MNRAS style, 9 figures, MNRAS accepted
RESULTS OF THE NORTH DAKOTA LAND VALUATION MODEL FOR THE 2005 AGRICULTURAL REAL ESTATE ASSESSMENT
Creators: name: Vreugdenhil, Harvey G.
name: Aakre, Dwight G.
name: Vreugdenhil, Harvey G.
name: Aakre, Dwight G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land valuation
subject: real estate assessment
subject: agricultural land

description: This report summarizes the 2005 results of the North Dakota Land Valuation Model. The model is used annually to estimate average land values by county, based on the value of production from cropland and non-cropland. The county land values developed from this procedure form the basis for the 2005 valuation of agricultural land for real estate tax assessment. The average "all land value" from this analysis is multiplied by the total acres of agricultural land on the county abstract to determine each county's total agricultural land value for taxation purposes. The State Board of Equalization compares this value with the total value assessed to agricultural property in each county. Each county is required by state statute to assess a total value of agricultural property within 5 percent of this value. The average value per acre of all agricultural land in North Dakota increased by 7.8 percent based on the value of production. Cropland value increased by 8.24 percent and non-cropland value increased by 5.1 percent. The formula capitalization rate was below the minimum set by the State Legislature, therefore the minimum rate of 8.9 percent was used. Changes in market value are included for comparison. Market value data are from the annual County Rents and Values survey conducted by North Dakota Agricultural Statistics Service.
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF SMALL FOOD MANUFACTURING AND RETAILING BUSINESSES
Creators: name: Gustafson, Cole R.
name: Gustafson, Cole R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: business
subject: finances
subject: food
subject: manufacturing
subject: retail
subject: small
subject: survey

description: The 1998 Survey of Small Business Finances provides robust information on the financing of small businesses including an overview of their firm's organization, financial characteristics, and credit use. Information from the survey is used in this study to compare the financial characteristics of food manufacturing and retailing small businesses. On average, both food manufacturing and food retailing small businesses had positive financial characteristics. Although they were only marginally profitable and liquid, they were highly solvent. Accounts receivable and inventory comprise nearly half of food manufacturers' total assets and a third of food retailers' assets. By most financial measures, food retailers were statistically smaller than food manufacturers. Both food manufacturers and food retailers utilized computers, primarily for accounting/bookkeeping, inventory management, and administration. Primary financial services used are for transactions and trade credit. Nearly three-fourths of food manufacturing and one-half of food retailing supply purchases involve trade credit from a large number of trade credit suppliers, on average. Both firm types have higher credit risks and are tardy with repayment of trade credit. Nonparametric rank order statistical methods were required because normality assumptions were violated due to asymmetric distribution of small firms.
Giant impacts stochastically change the internal pressures of terrestrial planets
Creators: name: Lock, Simon J.
name: Stewart, Sarah T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pressure is a key parameter in the physics and chemistry of planet formation and evolution. Previous studies have erroneously assumed that internal pressures monotonically increase with the mass of a body. Using smoothed particle hydrodynamics and potential field method calculations, we demonstrate that the hot, rapidly-rotating bodies produced by giant impacts can have much lower internal pressures than cool, slowly-rotating planets of the same mass. Pressures subsequently increase due to thermal and rotational evolution of the body. Using the Moon-forming impact as an example, we show that the internal pressures after the collision could have been less than half that in present-day Earth. The current pressure profile was not established until Earth cooled and the Moon receded, a process that may take up to 10s Myr after the last giant impact. Our work defines a new paradigm for pressure evolution during accretion of terrestrial planets: stochastic changes driven by impacts.
description: Main text: 23 pages, 6 figures. Supplementary material: 10 pages, 8 figures. Published in Science Advances
Stellar kinematics for the central spheroid in the Polar Disk Galaxy NGC4650A
Creators: name: Iodice, E.
name: Arnaboldi, M.
name: Saglia, R. P.
name: Sparke, L. S.
name: Gerhard, O.
name: Gallagher, J. S.
name: Combes, F.
name: Bournaud, F.
name: Capaccioli, M.
name: Freeman, K. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained high angular resolution, high signal-to-noise spectra of the Calcium triplet absorption lines on the photometric axes of the stellar spheroid in the polar disk galaxy NGC4650A. Along the major axis, the observed rotation and velocity dispersion measurements show the presence of a kinematically decoupled nucleus, and a flat velocity dispersion profile. The minor axis kinematics is determined for the first time: along this direction some rotation is measured, and the velocity dispersion is nearly constant and slightly increases at larger distances from the center. The new high resolution kinematic data suggest that the stellar component in NGC4650A resembles a nearly-exponential oblate spheroid supported by rotation. The main implications of these results on the previous mass models for NGC4650A are discussed. Moreover, the new kinematic data set constraints on current models for the formation scenarios of Polar Ring Galaxies (PRGs), supporting a slow accretion rather then a secondary strong dissipative event.
description: 25 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
The Ruled Vertex and D-E Degenerations
Creators: name: Diaconescu, Duiliu-Emanuel
name: Florea, Bogdan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute all genus topological amplitudes on configurations of ruled surfaces obtained by resolving lines of D-E singularities in compact Calabi-Yau threefolds. We find that our results are in agreement with genus zero mirror symmetry calculations, which is further evidence for the ruled vertex formalism for degenerate torus actions.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
RURAL SMALL BUSINESS FINANCE: EVIDENCE FROM THE 1998 SURVEY OF SMALL BUSINESS FINANCES
Creators: name: Gustafson, Cole R.
name: Gustafson, Cole R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: rural
subject: small
subject: business
subject: finances
subject: survey

description: The 1998 Survey of Small Business Finances provides robust information on the financing of small businesses including an overview of their firm's organization, financial characteristics, and credit use. Information from the survey is used in this study to compare the financial characteristics of urban and rural small businesses. Overall, rural small businesses have very similar financial characteristics, access to technology and financial services, sources of financial capital, and creditworthiness when compared to urban small businesses. Nonparametric rank order statistical methods were required when comparing dollar values of urban and rural small businesses because normality assumptions were violated due to the high concentration of small firms. On average, rural and urban small businesses were strong financially and profitable. Accounts receivable and inventory comprise nearly a third of total assets. Most were organized as either sole proprietorships or corporations. The majority of small businesses utilized computers, primarily for accounting/bookkeeping, administration, and email. Primary financial services are used for transactions and trade credit. Two-thirds of purchases involve trade credit from more than 20 trade credit suppliers, on average. Both urban and rural small businesses rely on a wide variety of sources for financing and use each to the same degree. Rural small businesses possess higher creditworthiness, but nearly one-fourth still report being delinquent on business obligations.
Intermediate ferroelectric orthorhombic and monoclinic MB phases in [110]- electric field cooled Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-30%PbTiO3 crystals
Creators: name: Cao, Hu
name: Bai, Feiming
name: Wang, Naigang
name: Li, Jiefang
name: Viehland, D.
name: Xu, Guangyong
name: Shirane, Gen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Structural phase transformations of [110] electric field cooled Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-30%PbTiO3 (PMN-30%PT) crystals have been performed by x-ray diffraction in a field-cooled (FC) condition. A phase sequence of cubic(C)-tetragonal(T)-orthorhombic (O)-monoclinic (MB) was found on field-cooling (FC); and a R-MB-O one was observed with increasing field beginning from the zero field-cooled (ZFC) condition at room temperature. The application of the [110] electric field induced a dramatic change in the phase sequence in the FC condition, compared to the corresponding data for PMN-30%PT crystals in a [001] field, which shows that the phase sequence in the FC condition is altered by the crystallographic direction along which a modest electric field (E) is applied. Only when E is applied along [110] are intermediate O and MB phases observed.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Diffuse gamma-ray emission toward the massive star-forming region, W40
Creators: name: Sun, Xiao-Na
name: Yang, Rui-Zhi
name: Liang, Yun-Feng
name: Peng, Fang-Kun
name: Zhang, Hai-Ming
name: Wang, Xiang-Yu
name: Aharonian, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of high-energy gamma-ray signal towards the young star-forming region, W40. Using 10-year Pass 8 data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT), we extracted an extended gamma-ray excess region with a significance of about 18sigma. The radiation has a spectrum with a photon index of 2.49 +/- 0.01. The spatial correlation with the ionized gas content favors the hadronic origin of the gamma-ray emission. The total cosmic-ray (CR) proton energy in the gamma-ray production region is estimated to be the order of 10^47 erg. However, this could be a small fraction of the total energy released in cosmic rays (CRs) by local accelerators, presumably by massive stars, over the lifetime of the system. If so, W40, together with earlier detections of gamma-rays from Cygnus cocoon, Westerlund 1, Westerlund 2, NGC 3603, and 30 Dor C, supports the hypothesis that young star clusters are effective CR factories. The unique aspect of this result is that the gamma-ray emission is detected, for the first time, from a stellar cluster itself, rather than from the surrounding "cocoons".
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
title: Управление персоналом организации. Теория управления человеческим развитием
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Профобразование
Year: 2021

description: В учебном пособии представлены теоретические подходы к исследованию управления человеческим развитием в условиях организационных изменений. Раскрываются современные направления изучения структуры и функций менеджмента в управлении организациями как экономическими системами в их тесной взаимосвязи с развитием человеческого потенциала. Подготовлено в соответствии с требованиями Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта среднего профессионального образования. Будет полезно студентам укрупненных групп специальностей 11.00.00 «Электроника, радиотехника и системы связи», 18.00.00 «Химические технологии», 21.00.00 «Прикладная геология, горное дело, нефтегазовое дело и геодезия», 43.00.00 «Сервис и туризм», изучающим дисциплины «Управление персоналом» и «Управление человеческими ресурсами». Кроме того, издание представляет интерес для широкого круга специалистов — управленцев, социологов, психологов и всех, кто интересуется актуальными проблемами управления человеческим развитием.
RESULTS OF THE NORTH DAKOTA LAND VALUATION MODEL FOR THE 2001 AGRICULTURAL REAL ESTATE ASSESSMENT
Creators: name: Aakre, Dwight G.
name: Vreugdenhil, Harvey G.
name: Aakre, Dwight G.
name: Vreugdenhil, Harvey G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: assessment
subject: capitalization rate
subject: land
subject: taxes
subject: valuation

description: This report summarizes the results of the North Dakota Land Valuation Model. This model is used annually to estimate average land values by county, based on the value of production produced on that land. The county land values developed from this procedure form the basis for the 2001 valuation of agricultural land for assessment of real estate taxes. The average all land value from this analysis is multiplied by the total acres of agricultural land on the county abstract to determine each county's total agricultural land value. The State Board of Equalization compares this value with the total value assessed to agricultural property in each county. Each county is required by state statute to assess a total value of agricultural property within 5 percent of this value.
IDENTIFICATION OF ECONOMIES OF SCOPE IN A STOCHASTIC PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT
Creators: name: Curtis, Rita E.
name: Sarmiento, Camilo
name: Curtis, Rita E.
name: Sarmiento, Camilo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Production Risk
subject: Multioutput
subject: Production
subject: Identification

description: This paper extends the definition of economies of scope to multioutput firms that face an uncertain production environment. Identification of economies of scope in this environment, however, requires separability assumptions on the technology. These identification restrictions are demonstrated in the paper, and for each identification restriction the definition of economies of scope is generalized to the case of uncertain production and risk aversion.
Spin and valley-orbit splittings in SiGe/Si heterostructures
Creators: name: Nestoklon, M. O.
name: Golub, L. E.
name: Ivchenko, E. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin and valley-orbit splittings are calculated in SiGe/Si/SiGe quantum wells (QWs) by using the tight-binding approach. In accordance with the symmetry considerations an existence of spin splitting of electronic states in perfect QWs with an odd number of Si atomic planes is microscopically demonstrated. The spin splitting oscillates with QW width and these oscillations related to the inter-valley reflection of an electron wave from the interfaces. It is shown that the splittings under study can efficiently be described by an extended envelope-function approach taking into account the spin- and valley-dependent interface mixing. The obtained results provide a theoretical base to the experimentally observed electron spin relaxation times in SiGe/Si/SiGe QWs.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Suppression of Gate Screening on Edge Magnetoplasmons by Highly Resistive ZnO Gate
Creators: name: Kumada, N.
name: Tu, N. -H.
name: Sasaki, K. -i.
name: Ota, T.
name: Hashisaka, M.
name: Sasaki, S.
name: Onomitsu, K.
name: Muraki, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a way to suppress high-frequency coupling between a gate and low-dimensional electron systems in the gigahertz range by measuring the velocity of edge magnetoplasmons (EMPs) in InAs quantum Hall systems.We compare the EMPvelocity in three samples with different electromagnetic environments-one has a highly resistive zinc oxide (ZnO) top gate, another has a normal metal (Ti/Au) top gate, and the other does not have a gate. The measured EMP velocity in the ZnO gate sample is one order of magnitude larger than that in the Ti/Au gate sample and almost the same as that in the ungated sample. As is well known, the smaller velocity in the Ti/Au gate sample is due to the screening of the electric field in EMPs. The suppression of the gate screening effect in the ZnO gate sample allows us to measure the velocity of unscreened EMPs while changing the electron density. It also offers a way to avoid unwanted high-frequency coupling between quantum Hall edge channels and gate electrodes.
What kind of noncommutative geometry for quantum gravity ?
Creators: name: Martinetti, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a brief account of the description of the standard model in noncommutative geometry as well as the thermal time hypothesis, questioning their relevance for quantum gravity.
Accelerating and rotating black holes
Creators: name: Griffiths, J. B.
name: Podolsky, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An exact solution of Einstein's equations which represents a pair of accelerating and rotating black holes (a generalised form of the spinning C-metric) is presented. The starting point is a form of the Plebanski-Demianski metric which, in addition to the usual parameters, explicitly includes parameters which describe the acceleration and angular velocity of the sources. This is transformed to a form which explicitly contains the known special cases for either rotating or accelerating black holes. Electromagnetic charges and a NUT parameter are included, the relation between the NUT parameter $l$ and the Plebanski-Demianski parameter $n$ is given, and the physical meaning of all parameters is clarified. The possibility of finding an accelerating NUT solution is also discussed.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure. To appear in Class. Quantum Grav
VALUE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL TO MID-SIZED NORTHERN PLAINS FARMS
Creators: name: Gustafson, Cole R.
name: Gustafson, Cole R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Social
subject: capital
subject: financial risk
subject: simulation
subject: stochastic

description: As farms increase in size, operators often face the difficult decision of remaining loyal to local merchants or obtaining volume discounts from more distant input suppliers. When farmers bypass local merchants and buy inputs in volume from a wholesaler, they often realize a price discount but forego many services including credit forebearance. In essence, when farmers buy locally, they pay higher prices, which decreases profits and increases financial risk, but generates social capital which can be drawn upon during periods of economic adversity later in the form of credit forebearance. A theoretical model of farm financial risk evaluates borrower behavior in light of cash flow constraints, volume discounts, and social capital. Monte-carlo simulation was used to empirically apply the model to a representative 2,000-acre Northern Plains crop farm. The stochastic simulation model embodied local price and yield distributions, tax policy, and financial repayment risks. A survey of local input suppliers and lenders provided key information on levels of price discount and credit forebearance. Competition among suppliers resulted in less difference between retail and wholesale prices than expected a priori. Results of the analysis delineated the financial risks involved and value of social capital received in the form of credit forebearance. The distribution of year-end available funds when inputs were purchased locally had a slightly lower mean and longer left tail. While a longer and bulkier left tail appeared to present the farm with additional financial risk, it was actually the result of additional borrowing arising from credit forebearance. If forebearance were not available, the firm would have been bankrupt. In this model, bankruptcy occurred with 2.6 percent frequency. Personal exemptions provided under statutory bankruptcy provisions altered the shape of the left tail.
Towards resilient African cities: Shared challenges and opportunities towards the retention and maintenance of ecological infrastructure
Creators: name: O’Farrell, Patrick
name: Anderson, Pippin
name: Culwick, Christina
name: Currie, Paul
name: Kavonic, Jessica
name: Mclure, Alice
name: Ngenda, Gertrude
name: Sinnott, Eoin
name: Sitas, Nadia
name: Washbourne, Carla-Leanne
name: Audouin, Michelle
name: Blanchard, Ryan
name: Egoh, Benis
name: Goodness, Julie
name: Kotzee, Ilse
name: Sanya, Tom
name: Stafford, William
name: Wong, Gien
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 330404
subject: Land use and environmental planning
classificationCode: 330405
subject: Public participation and community engagement
classificationCode: 330408
subject: Strategic, metropolitan and regional planning
classificationCode: 330411
subject: Urban design
classificationCode: 410102
subject: Ecological impacts of climate change and ecological adaptation
classificationCode: 410206
subject: Landscape ecology

description: The retention and maintenance of ecological infrastructure is recognized as an important element of sustainable, healthy cities. We explore the shared challenges and opportunities linked to ensuring that ecological infrastructure is incorporated into the existing and emerging African cities that we work in. Identified challenges relate to emerging urban form and function where remnant ecologically functional patches that provide ecosystem services are insecure and open to transformation through ad hoc settlement. Weak governance and management emerging from complex histories and competing crisis-ridden demands mean that securing ecological infrastructure in cities tends to be overlooked. Persistent gaps in knowledge and practice result in the failure to demonstrate the social, economic, development and well-being benefits of ecological infrastructure. We believe that these can be attended to through the development of detailed case studies that engage with knowledge generation at multiple scales, the creation of substantial datasets and the mobilization of existing knowledge bases through novel information sharing and co-learning practices. Securing ecological infrastructure in African cities will require the subversion of institutions across disciplines and scales, with a high degree of local civic action. The African context provides new learning opportunities, helping to both understand the broader ‘African’ case and all cities and their future developments.
Villain, Maurice: Das Gebet Jesu für die Einheit der Christen
Creators: name: Schulz, Otmar
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 15 Nr. 2 (1966): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 15, Heft 2