cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Numerical Modelling of Bond Strength in Overmoulded Thermoplastic Composites
Creators: name: Behrens, Bernd-Arno
name: Dröder, Klaus
name: Brunotte, Kai
name: Wester, Hendrik
name: Hürkamp, André
name: Ossowski, Tim
name: Lorenz, Ralf
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Bond strength
subject: Injection moulding
subject: Numerical modelling
subject: Overmoulding
subject: Thermoforming
subject: Thermoplastic composites
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::670 | Industrielle und handwerkliche Fertigung

description: Overmoulding of thermoplastic composites combines the steps of thermoforming and injection moulding in an integrated manufacturing process. The combination of continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastics with overmoulded polymer enables the manufacturing of highly func-tionally integrated structures with excellent mechanical properties. When performed as a one-shot process, an economically efficient manufacturing of geometrical complex lightweight parts within short cycle times is possible. However, a major challenge in the part and process design of over-moulded thermoplastic composites (OTC) is the assurance of sufficient bond strength between the composite and the overmoulded polymers. Within the framework of a simulation-based approach, this study aims to develop a methodology for predicting the bond strength in OTC using simulation data and a numerical model formulation of the bonding mechanisms. Therefore, a modelling approach for the determination of the bond strength depending on different process parameters is presented. In order to validate the bond strength model, specimens are manufactured with different process settings and mechanical tests are carried out. Overall, the results of the numerical computation are in good agreement with the experimentally determined bond strength. The proposed modelling approach enables the prediction of the local bond strength in OTC, considering the interface conditions and the processing history.
A Developmental Framework for Embodiment Research: The Next Step Toward Integrating Concepts and Methods
Creators: name: Lux, Vanessa
name: Non, Amy L.
name: Pexman, Penny M.
name: Stadler, Waltraud
name: Weber, Lilian A. E.
name: Krüger, Melanie
Publisher: name: Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: agency approach
subject: cognition
subject: developmental systems theory
subject: embodied experiences
subject: environmental approach
subject: interoception
subject: language acquisition
subject: perception
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: Embodiment research is at a turning point. There is an increasing amount of data and studies investigating embodiment phenomena and their role in mental processing and functions from across a wide range of disciplines and theoretical schools within the life sciences. However, the integration of behavioral data with data from different biological levels is challenging for the involved research fields such as movement psychology, social and developmental neuroscience, computational psychosomatics, social and behavioral epigenetics, human-centered robotics, and many more. This highlights the need for an interdisciplinary framework of embodiment research. In addition, there is a growing need for a cross-disciplinary consensus on level-specific criteria of embodiment. We propose that a developmental perspective on embodiment is able to provide a framework for overcoming such pressing issues, providing analytical tools to link timescales and levels of embodiment specific to the function under study, uncovering the underlying developmental processes, clarifying level-specific embodiment criteria, and providing a matrix and platform to bridge disciplinary boundaries among the involved research fields.
(502711) Robert Ingram Shafto
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Contraceptive practices, preferences and barriers among abortion clients in North Carolina.
Creators: name: Curtis, Siân L.
name: Swiatlo, Alison
name: Bryant, Amy G.
name: Speizer, Ilene S.
name: Perreira, Krista
name: Hodgkinson, Jennifer C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Objectives: Abortion clinics provide an ideal setting for women to receive contraceptive care because the women served may not have other contacts with the health system and are at risk for unintended pregnancies. The objective of this study was to understand practices, preferences, and barriers to use of contraception for women obtaining abortions at clinics in North Carolina. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of abortion clients and facilities at 10 abortion clinics in North Carolina. We collected data on contraceptive availability at each clinic. We collected individual responses on women’s experiences obtaining contraception before the current pregnancy and their intentions for future use of contraception. Results: From October 2015 to February 2016, 376 client surveys were completed at 9 clinics, and 10 clinic surveys were completed. Almost one-third of women (29%) reported that they had wanted to use contraception in the last year but were unable. Approximately three-fourths of respondents (76%) stated that they intend to use contraception after this pregnancy. Approximately one-fifth of women stated that would like to use long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) after this abortion. Only the clinics that accepted insurance for abortion and other services provided LARC at the time of the abortion (40%). Conclusions: This study provides a unique, statewide view into the contraceptive barriers for women seeking abortion in North Carolina. Addressing the relatively high demand for LARC after abortion could help significantly reduce unintended pregnancy and recourse to abortion in North Carolina.
(503142) Evelyn [Laws]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Water Soaking Disorder in Strawberries: Triggers, Factors, and Mechanisms
Creators: name: Hurtado, Grecia
name: Knoche, Moritz
Publisher: name: Lausanne : Frontiers Media
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: cracking
subject: cuticle
subject: Fragaria × ananassa Duch
subject: leakage
subject: microcrack
subject: rain damage
subject: water soaking
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Water soaking is an important surface disorder of strawberries that limits unprotected field production. The objective was to identify the mechanism(s) of water soaking. Symptomatic fruit show pale, deliquescent patches of skin. This damage extends into the flesh. Numerous cuticular microcracks occurred in water-soaked areas. Water soaking occurred only if the skin was exposed to liquid water. Water soaking was more rapid when the cuticle had been abraded. Water soaking, anthocyanin leakage, and water uptake all increased with incubation time. There was a lag phase for water soaking and anthocyanin leakage, but not for water uptake. Susceptibility to water soaking increased with fruit ripening and mass. Incubation in isotonic PEG 6000 increased cuticular microcracking but decreased water soaking and water uptake. Incubation in hypotonic fruit juice (natural and artificial) increased water soaking incidence and severity but reduced water uptake. Incubation in dilute citric and malic acids increased plasma membrane permeability as indexed by anthocyanin leakage and increased water soaking. Thus, water soaking involves cuticular microcracking, localized water uptake, bursting of cells, and the release of organic acids into the apoplast. The damage propagates from cell to cell.
Trends in Abortion Incidence and Service Availability in North Carolina, 1980-2013
Creators: name: Hodgkinson, Jennifer C.
name: Bryant, Amy G.
name: Morgan, S. Philip
name: Alvey, Jeniece
name: Speizer, Ilene S.
name: Perreira, Krista
name: Curtis, Siân
name: Tippett, Rebecca
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Objectives: Abortion incidence has declined nationally during the last decade. In recent years, many states, including North Carolina, have passed legislation related to the provision of abortion services. Despite the changing political environment, there is no comprehensive analysis on past and current trends related to unintended pregnancy and abortion in North Carolina. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of vital registration data made publicly available by the North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics. Birth and induced abortion records were obtained for the years 1980 to 2013. We describe abortion incidence and demographic characteristics of women obtaining abortions over time. Results: The number of North Carolina abortions declined 36% between 1980 and 2013. The abortion ratio declined from 26/100 pregnancies (live births and abortions) in 1980 to just 14/100 in 2013. These ratios, however, vary across demographic subgroups. In 2013, the abortion ratio was more than 2 times greater for non-Hispanic black women than non-Hispanic white women (22 and 9, respectively). Among non-Hispanic black and Hispanic women, the abortion ratio is greater among women with a previous pregnancy as compared with women in their first pregnancy. For non-Hispanic white women, the abortion ratios are similar for first and higher-order pregnancies. Conclusions: Trends in North Carolina are similar to national trends; however, detailed analyses by race/ethnicity, age, and parity demonstrate important distinctions among abortion patients over time in the state. We discuss these trends in relation to policy changes and increased access to effective contraceptives
(502712) John Shafto
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Thermally Sprayed Nickel-Based Repair Coatings for High-Pressure Turbine Blades: Controlling Void Formation during a Combined Brazing and Aluminizing Process
Creators: name: Nicolaus, Martin
name: Möhwald, Kai
name: Maier, Hans Jürgen
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Aircraft overhaul
subject: Aluminizing
subject: High-temperature brazing
subject: Hybrid technology
subject: Protective coatings
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::660 | Technische Chemie

description: Turbine blades must withstand severe loading conditions and damage can occur during operation due to heat, pressure, foreign objects and hot gas corrosion, despite the protective coatings applied onto the turbine blades. Instead of replacing the damaged components, maintenance, repair and overhaul are key to extend the total service life. Besides welding, the repair of turbine blades by brazing is an established repair process in the industry and involves many individual steps that often require a high degree of manual work. In the present study, a hybrid joining and coating technology was developed to shorten the state-of-the-art process chain for repairing turbine blades. With this approach, a repair coating, which consists of a filler metal, a hot gas corrosion protective layer and an aluminum top layer, is applied by atmospheric plasma spraying. The coated turbine blade then undergoes a heat-treatment so that a brazing and aluminizing process is carried out simultaneously. Due to diffusion and segregation processes, pores can occur in the heat-treated coating. In the present study, a full factorial design of experiment was performed to reduce the pores in the coating. The microstructure of the repair coating was investigated by optical-and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the impact of the process parameters on the resulting microstructure is discussed.
Entendiendo el género en las empresas sociales: de antecedentes a resultados / Disentangling gender in social enterprises: from antecedents to venture outcomes
Creators: name: García-Lomas Drake, Isabel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Women's involvement
Gender
Social enterprise
Women entrepreneurship

description: Esta tesis doctoral explora el papel del género en la creación y desarrollo de las empresas sociales. El primer capítulo presenta la necesidad de estudiar la intersección entre mujeres emprendedoras y empresas sociales. El segundo capítulo trata del papel del género en la investigación sobre emprendimiento social, proporcionando para ello una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Este capítulo sirve de guía para los capítulos restantes en tanto en cuanto permite comprender cómo las mujeres, en términos de género, afectan al desarrollo de las empresas sociales. Esto nos lleva al tercer capítulo, en el que, mediante un estudio de caso único, pretendemos examinar el papel y el impacto de las mujeres que se encuentran al frente de las empresas sociales. Con el fin de obtener una perspectiva comparativa, el cuarto capítulo destaca los factores contextuales que afectan a los emprendedores sociales. Para ello se ha aplicado un enfoque crítico que permite estudiar la interrelación entre género y emprendimiento social. Para finalizar, el último capítulo desarrolla la conclusión principal de la presente tesis: las mujeres marcan la diferencia en las formas sociales, lo que confirma que el género sí influye en el liderazgo emprendedor de las empresas sociales. Este último capítulo sienta asimismo las bases para posteriores estudios e implicaciones prácticas.
 This doctoral dissertation explores the role of gender in the creation and development of social enterprises. The first chapter establishes the need for research at the intersection of women entrepreneurship and social enterprises. The second chapter discusses the role of gender in social entrepreneurship’s research by providing a systematic overview of the literature. This chapter is useful in providing a guide for the remaining chapters in that it helps to understand how women, in terms of their gender, affect the development of social enterprises. This leads to the third chapter whereby means of a single-case study, we aim to examine the role and impact of women leading social enterprises. In order to gain a comparative perspective, the fourth chapter highlights the contextual factors affecting social entrepreneurs through a critical approach to the study of the interrelation between gender and social entrepreneurship. Finally, the last chapter develops the main conclusion of this dissertation: women make a difference in social forms, confirming that gender indeed influences entrepreneurial leadership in social ventures. This last chapter also lays the ground for future research and implications for practice.
Women’s television watching and reproductive health behavior in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Jamild, Kanta
name: Curtis, Siân L.
name: Rahman, Mizanur
name: Chakraborty, Nitai
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Bangladesh has made significant social, economic, and health progress in recent decades, yet many reproductive health indicators remain weak. Access to television (TV) is increasing rapidly and provides a potential mechanism for influencing health behavior. We present a conceptual framework for the influence of different types of TV exposure on individual’s aspirations and health behavior through the mechanisms of observational learning and ideational change. We analyze data from two large national surveys conducted in 2010 and 2011 to examine the association between women’s TV watching and five reproductive health behaviors controlling for the effects of observed confounders. We find that TV watchers are significantly more likely to desire fewer children, are more likely to use contraceptives, and are less likely to have a birth in the two years before the survey. They are more likely to seek at least four antenatal care visits and to utilize a skilled birth attendant. Consequently, continued increase in the reach of TV and associated growth in TV viewing is potentially an important driver of health behaviors in the country.
Enzyme-Responsive Nanoparticles and Coatings Made from Alginate/Peptide Ciprofloxacin Conjugates as Drug Release System
Creators: name: Bourgat, Yannick
name: Mikolai, Carina
name: Stiesch, Meike
name: Klahn, Philipp
name: Menzel, Henning
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ciprofloxacin
subject: Copper-free click chemistry
subject: Drug release system
subject: Enzyme triggered release
subject: Implant coating
subject: Nanoparticle
subject: Peri-implantitis
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: Infection-controlled release of antibacterial agents is of great importance, particularly for the control of peri-implant infections in the postoperative phase. Polymers containing antibiotics bound via enzymatically cleavable linkers could provide access to drug release systems that could accomplish this. Dispersions of nanogels were prepared by ionotropic gelation of alginate with poly-L-lysine, which was conjugated with ciprofloxacin as model drug via a copper-free 1,3-dipolar cy-cloaddition (click reaction). The nanogels are stable in dispersion and form films which are stable in aqueous environments. However, both the nanogels and the layers are degraded in the presence of an enzyme and the ciprofloxacin is released. The efficacy of the released drug against Staphylococcus aureus is negatively affected by the residues of the linker. Both the acyl modification of the amine nitrogen in ciprofloxacin and the sterically very demanding linker group with three annel-lated rings could be responsible for this. However the basic feasibility of the principle for enzyme-triggered release of drugs was successfully demonstrated.
(502715) Thomas Barker
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(502708) Edward Shafto
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Damage tolerance and notch sensitivity of bio-inspired thin-ply Bouligand structures
Creators: name: Körbelin, Johann
name: Goralski, Philip
name: Kötter, Benedikt
name: Bittner, Florian
name: Endres, Hans-Josef
name: Fiedler, Bodo
Publisher: name: Amsterdam : Elsevier
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: CT analysis
subject: Failure
subject: Hybrid
subject: Layered structures
subject: Microstructures
subject: Stress concentrations
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: Different bio-inspired Bouligand thin-ply Carbon-Fibre-Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) laminates with a pitch angle as low as 2.07∘ are realised, which is the smallest pitch angle realised in literature. The angle is therefore close angles found in biological microstructures. Low-Velocity Impact (LVI) and residual compressive strength tests determined the damage tolerance of the structures. Investigated were two different interlaminar fracture toughnesses and two different metal-Bouligand-CFRP-layups. The low pitch angle results in significantly higher residual strengths than 45∘ quasi-isotropic (QI) layups, despite the significantly lower proportion of 0∘ fibres. Higher fracture toughness and hybridisation with steel layers lead to reduced matrix damage without increasing residual compressive strength. In-plane plane tension properties are determined with a pitch angle of 2.59∘. The results reveal, that the unnotched tensile strength is significantly lower. However, only helicoidal, sub-critical matrix cracking and no delaminations occur before final failure. The sub-critical matrix cracking leads to almost no notch sensitivity and a similar open-hole-tensile strength to 45∘-QI layups despite the low number of 0∘-fibres.
Dense Molecular Clumps associated with the LMC Supergiant Shells LMC 4 \& LMC 5
Creators: name: Fujii, Kosuke
name: Minamidani, Tetsuhiro
name: Mizuno, Norikazu
name: Onishi, Toshikazu
name: Kawamura, Akiko
name: Muller, Erik
name: Dawson, Joanne
name: Tatematsu, Ken'ichi
name: Hasegawa, Tetsuo
name: Tosaki, Tomoka
name: Miura, Rie E.
name: Muraoka, Kazuyuki
name: Sakai, Takeshi
name: Tsukagoshi, Takashi
name: Tanaka, Kunihiko
name: Ezawa, Hajime
name: Fukui, Yasuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effects of Supergiant Shells (SGSs) and their interaction on dense molecular clumps by observing the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) star forming regions N48 and N49, which are located between two SGSs, LMC 4 and LMC 5. $^{12}$CO ($J$=3-2, 1-0) and $^{13}$CO ($J$=1-0) observations with the ASTE and Mopra telescopes have been carried out towards these regions. A clumpy distribution of dense molecular clumps is revealed with 7 pc spatial resolution. Large velocity gradient analysis shows that the molecular hydrogen densities ($n({\rm H}_2)$) of the clumps are distributed from low to high density ($10^3$-$10^5$ cm$^{-3}$) and their kinetic temperatures ($T_{\rm kin}$) are typically high (greater than $50$ K). These clumps seem to be in the early stages of star formation, as also indicated from the distribution of H$α$, young stellar object candidates, and IR emission. We found that the N48 region is located in the high column density HI envelope at the interface of the two SGSs and the star formation is relatively evolved, whereas the N49 region is associated with LMC 5 alone and the star formation is quiet. The clumps in the N48 region typically show high $n({\rm H}_2)$ and $T_{\rm kin}$, which are as dense and warm as the clumps in LMC massive cluster-forming areas (30 Dor, N159). These results suggest that the large-scale structure of the SGSs, especially the interaction of two SGSs, works efficiently on the formation of dense molecular clumps and stars.
description: 26 pages, 7 tables, 16 figures
Re-examining models of shallow-water deltas: Insights from tank experiments and field examples
Creators: name: Winsemann, Jutta
name: Lang, Jörg
name: Fedele, Juan J.
name: Zavala, Carlos
name: Hoyal, David C.J.D.
Publisher: name: Sedimentary Geology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Bedforms
subject: Hyperpycnal flows
subject: Pure jets
subject: Shallow-water deltas
subject: Stratified jets
subject: Supercritical flows
subject: Tank experiments
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: Shallow-water deltas remain enigmatic in terms of placing the observed facies within a coherent process-based depositional model. Here we report tank experiments on mouth-bar formation from shallow water pure and stratified jets that, combined with recent flume experiments on bedforms, suggest new interpretations of field observations from shallow-water delta outcrops. Our experiments imply that the height, geometry and bedforms of the mouth bars depend on the jet properties and grain size of the supplied sediment. Pure jets with very coarse-grained sediment formed a high and steep mouth bar that is characterised by steep angle-of-repose cross bedding with related avalanche processes (grain flows) on the lee side. The experiments with stratified jets imply that mouth-bar deposition and growth are dominated by supercritical density flows that evolve from the initial jets on the lee side of the growing mouth bar. In stratified jets with very coarse-grained sediment, deposition on the mouth-bar lee side was both from grain-flow avalanches and density flows. While deposition on the upper lee slope was dominated by grain flows, a concentric field of low relief, asymmetric, downflow-migrating bedforms evolved on the lower slope and beyond the mouth bar. In the stratified jet with medium-grained sediment a very low relief mouth bar formed within a concentric field of low, asymmetric, downflow-migrating bedforms covering the entire lee slope and the area beyond. Many previous field studies show that mouth bars deposited from dense stratified jets (hyperpycnal flows) are characterised by a distinct facies assemblage of coarse-grained cross-stratified or low-angle cross-stratified sandstone passing downslope into finer-grained plane-parallel, or “quasi-parallel” laminated sand and into climbing-ripple cross-laminated sandstone. Comparison to flume and tank experiments suggests that the proximal coarse-grained planar and trough cross-stratified sandstones could represent deposition by supercritical dunes that pass downslope into antidunes, characterised by sinusoidal stratification and/or low-angle cross stratification. The repeated vertical transition between antidune deposits and climbing-ripple cross-laminated sandstone may indicate the superposition of ripples onto antidunes in finer-grained sediments, indicating ripple formation under supercritical flow conditions. Similar bedforms/sedimentary structures have previously been interpreted as hummocky cross-stratification or swaley cross-stratification and attributed to combined flows in storm-dominated settings, which probably in some cases must be revised.
(502709) Sarah Ingram
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Centenary of Augustin Fresnel
Creators: name: Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon
name: Putland, Gavin Richard (ed.)
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Lorentz, Fresnel, Solvay conference

description: Annotated translation of the short speech by H.A. Lorentz on behalf of the foreign delegations, Paris, 27 October 1927.
Mixed-Species Plantation Effects on Soil Biological and Chemical Quality and Tree Growth of A Former Agricultural Land
Creators: name: Danise, Tiziana
name: Andriuzzi, Walter S.
name: Battipaglia, Giovanna
name: Certini, Giacomo
name: Guggenberger, Georg
name: Innangi, Michele
name: Mastrolonardo, Giovanni
name: Niccoli, Francesco
name: Pelleri, Francesco
name: Fioretto, Antonietta
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Intercropping
subject: Soil ecology
subject: Tree plantations
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::630 | Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::640 | Hauswirtschaft und Familienleben
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::690 | Hausbau, Bauhandwerk

description: Tree planting on abandoned agricultural land could both restore the soil quality and increase the productivity of economically valuable woody species. Here, we assess the impact of mixed-species tree plantations on soil quality at a site in Central Italy where tree intercropping systems were established 20 years ago on a former agricultural land. These intercropping systems include two species of economic interest, Populus alba and Juglans regia, and one of three different nurse trees, i.e., Alnus cordata, Elaeagnus umbellata, both of which are N-fixing species, and Corylus avellana. We measured tree growth and compared how soil organic matter, soil extracellular enzymes, and nematodes of different feeding groups varied among the intercropping systems and relative to a conventional agricultural field. Our results indicate that tree plantation led to an increase in soil carbon and nitrogen, and enhanced enzyme activities, compared with the agricultural land. The proportion of nematode feeding groups was heterogeneous, but predators were absent from the agricultural soil. Multivariate analysis of soil properties, enzymatic activity, nematodes, and tree growth point to the importance of the presence N-fixing species, as the presence of A. cordata was linked to higher soil quality, and E. umbellata to growth of the associated valuable woody species. Our findings indicate that intercropping tree species provide a tool for both restoring fertility and improving soil quality.
A Multilevel Logit Estimation of Factors Associated With Modern Contraception in Urban Nigeria
Creators: name: Speizer, Ilene S.
name: Curtis, Sian
name: Okigbo, Chinelo
name: Domino, Marisa E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: This study aimed to estimate the multilevel determinants of modern contraceptive use among reproductive-age women living in six cities in Nigeria (Abuja, Benin, Ibadan, Ilorin, Kaduna, and Zaria). Data from cross-sectional surveys conducted between 2010 and 2011 were linked to provide information on five hierarchical levels of the Socioecological Framework. Multilevel logit models estimated the odds of modern contraceptive use among 9,473 non-pregnant married/cohabiting women aged 15–49 years living in 488 clusters. About 25 percent of the women reported using modern contraceptive methods at the time of survey. Individual-level factors found to have a positive association with modern contraceptive use were parity, family planning self-efficacy, and partner discussion about fertility desires while perception of negative attitudes from community member about contraceptive use was negatively associated with modern contraceptive use (p < 0.05). At the community level, media exposure to family planning messages and city of residence were significantly associated with modern contraceptive use in the studied sample (p < 0.05). The positive association between parity and modern contraceptive use was modified by the community’s ideal family size. The results of this study support the evidence for multilevel interventions as a way to improve the prevalence of modern contraceptive use in urban Nigeria.
Workshops Forschungsdatenmanagement. Stiftung Universität Hildesheim. Unterschiedliche Disziplinen im FDM.
Creators: name: Strauch, Annette
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: FDM
Forschungsdatenmanagement
FDM Niedersachsen
eScience
RDM
Research Data Management
Research Data
Schulungen im FDM

description: Die Universität Hildesheim informierte in einer Veranstaltungsreihe über das Forschungsdatenmanagement. (...) Der Umgang mit Forschungsdaten ist essentiell für die wissenschaftliche Tätigkeit. In „coffee lectures“ und Workshops kommen Studierende, Forscherinnen und Forscher mit Expertinnen und Experten aus der Fachcommunity und anderen Vertretern der Universitäten und externen Fachleuten zusammen.  Hier finden Sie das Poster zu den Veranstaltungen / Workshops im FDM der SUH im Wintersemester 2019 mit externen Expertinnen und Experten. Die Themenübersicht ist weiterhin interessant, da wir alle Bereiche ausbauen und weiterentwickeln. Die Universitätsbibliothek Hildesheim unterstützt Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler im nachhaltigen Forschungsdatenmanagement und hat Servicestrukturen entwickelt.

 Der Umgang mit Forschungsdaten ist essentiell für die wissenschaftliche Tätigkeit. In „coffee lectures“ und den Workshops kommen Studierende, Forscherinnen und Forscher mit Expertinnen und Experten aus der FDM - Fachcommunity und anderen Vertretern der Universitäten und externen Partnerinnen und Partnern zusammen.
Efficiency Statistics and Bounds for Systems with Broken Time-Reversal Symmetry
Creators: name: Jiang, Jian-Hua
name: Agarwalla, Bijay Kumar
name: Segal, Dvira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Universal properties of the statistics of stochastic efficiency for mesoscopic time-reversal symmetry broken energy transducers are revealed in the Gaussian approximation. We also discuss how the second law of thermodynamics restricts the statistics of stochastic efficiency. The tight-coupling (reversible) limit becomes unfavorable, characterized by an infinitely broad distribution of efficiency at {\em all times}, when time-reversal symmetry breaking leads to an asymmetric Onsager response matrix. The underlying physics is demonstrated through the integer quantum Hall effect and further elaborated in a triple-quantum-dot three-terminal thermoelectric engine.
description: 5+8 pages 10 figures
The Mayer Hashi Large-Scale Program to Increase Use of Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives and Permanent Methods in Bangladesh: Explaining the Disappointing Results. An Outcome and Process Evaluation
Creators: name: Lance, Peter M.
name: Haider, Moinuddin
name: Curtis, Sian L.
name: Rahman, Mizanur
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Background: Bangladesh has achieved a low total fertility rate of 2.3. Two-thirds of currently married women of reproductive age (CMWRA) want to limit fertility, and many women achieve their desired fertility before age 30. The incidence of unintended pregnancy and pregnancy termination is high, however. Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), consisting of the intrauterine device and implant, and permanent methods (PM), including female sterilization and vasectomy, offer several advantages in this situation, but only 8% of CMWRA or 13% of method users use these methods. Program: The Mayer Hashi (MH) program (2009–2013) aimed to improve access to and the quality of LARC/PM services in 21 of the 64 districts in Bangladesh. It was grounded in the SEED (supply–enabling environment–demand) Programming Model. Supply improvements addressed provider knowledge and skills, system strengthening, and logistics. Creating an enabling environment involved holding workshops with local and community leaders, including religious leaders, to encourage them to help promote demand for LARCs and PMs and overcome cultural barriers. Demand promotion encompassed training of providers in counseling, distribution of behavior change communication materials in the community and in facilities, and community mobilization. Methods: We selected 6 MH program districts and 3 nonprogram districts to evaluate the program. We used a before– after and intervention–comparison design to measure the changes in key contraceptive behavior outcomes, and we used a difference-in-differences (DID) specification with comparison to the nonprogram districts to capture the impact of the program. In addition to the outcome evaluation, we considered intermediate indicators that measured the processes through which the interventions were expected to affect the use of LARCs and PMs. Results: The use of LARCs/PMs among CMWRA increased between 2010 and 2013 in both program (from 5.3% to 7.5%) and nonprogram (from 5.0% to 8.9%) districts, but the rate of change was higher in the nonprogram districts. Client–provider interaction and exposure to LARCs/PMs were lower in the program than nonprogram districts, and the MH program districts had higher vacancies of key providers than the nonprogram areas, both indications of a more difficult health system environment. Conclusion: The weaknesses in the health system in the MH districts apparently undermined the effectiveness of the program. More attention to system weaknesses, such as additional supportive supervision for providers, might have improved the outcome.
Household air pollution in low- and middle-income countries: health risks and research priorities
Creators: name: Patrick, Erin
name: Tolunay, H. Eser
name: Collins, Francis S.
name: Mehta, Sumi
name: Elwood, William N.
name: Rosenbaum, Julia
name: Balbus, John
name: Bruce, Nigel G.
name: Falk, Henry
name: Sapkota, Amir
name: Glass, Roger I.
name: Hibberd, Patricia L.
name: Diette, Gregory B.
name: Martin, II, William J.
name: Curtis, Sian
name: Keown, Susan E. J.
name: Araj, Houmam
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Household air pollution (HAP), which results from incomplete combustion of the solid fuels traditionally used for cooking and heating, affects the homes of nearly 3 billion people. It is the leading environmental cause of death and disability worldwide, with highest risks for women and children due to their domestic roles. The high levels of pollutants found in HAP cause a range of diseases, in addition to burns and scalds and injuries or violence experienced during fuel collection. Additionally, household solid fuel use can pose substantive environmental risks, including degradation from fuel gathering as well as climate change from release of both CO2 and short-lived climate forcers, such as black carbon, during combustion. Despite the broad support to find solutions, only a few solid fuel interventions have shown that they might improve health over the long term, especially when implemented at the scale required (Box 1).
(502701) James Burchall
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
New data technologies and the politics of scale in environmental management (forthcoming in The Annals of the American Association of Geographers)
Creators: name: Elizabeth Havice
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Knowledge and scientific practice have largely been backdrops to examinations of scale and rescaling processes, including in studies of rescaling environmental management. The growing use of new data technologies in environmental management highlights the need to situate knowledge and scientific practice into the politics and production of scale. Reviewing sixty years of debate over spatial management of the highly migratory and Atlantic bluefin tuna, this piece illustrates the central, dynamic roles of knowledge and scientific practice in scalar transboundary management. Findings corroborate prior studies demonstrating that stakeholders mobilize knowledge (and uncertainty) to influence spatialized management. We examine if such practices are transformed by new data technologies, a nomenclature we adopt as “more” than big data to encapsulate and parse methods of data collection or generation, the data themselves, and the analytical techniques and infrastructures developed to “make sense” of data for management purposes. We find that as new data technologies reveal objects in space and time, they reformulate and multiply – rather than resolve and circumscribe – scalar management possibilities. They mix with historic scientific and political practices and are never “complete.” Beyond the bluefin case, findings point to the complications of turning to new data technologies – often uncritically celebrated for their potential to give clear, actionable data – to “solve” scalar dilemmas. Instead, they are positioned to become a new way of knowing the world: a new geo-epistemology that shapes experimentation and debate around the spatialized power relations determining control over contested spaces and the valuable resources within and moving through them.
The Impacts of Stocking Density on Behavior of Pullets Reared in Cage-free Housing Systems
Creators: name: Fischer, Torey Jean
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 300306
subject: Animal welfare
classificationCode: 300302
subject: Animal management

description: There is a clear need for more research detailing how to manage birds in cage-free housing systems. Although management guides for birds in cage-free systems focus on adult hens, previous research has established that the pullet phase is important to success later in life. Past research regarding the effects of stocking density on behavior has focused on caged adult hens, and often deals with confounding factors such as group size, limiting its interpretation. The goal of this project was to investigate the impacts of stocking density on behaviors of pullets in cage-free housing systems. A 2x2 randomized complete block design with two strains (Lohmann LB-Lite (Brown) and Lohmann LSL-Lite (White)) and two stocking densities (619.1 (high stocking density; HSD) and 1,248.9 (low stocking density, LSD) cm2/bird) was utilized. Videos of 6 pens for each strain by stocking density combination (59 birds/pen, n = 1416) were recorded for 2 consecutive days at 12 and 16 weeks of age (WOA). Behaviors of interest were recorded every 10 minutes for 1 hour in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Most behavior data were analyzed using a mixed model, PROC GLIMMIX, in SAS 9.4 with main effects of stocking density (SD), strain, age and time of day (TOD). Behaviors that were infrequent or that could not be transformed to meet normality assumptions were analyzed as binomial data (occurred or did not occur) and odds ratios were calculated using PROC LOGISTIC. Stocking density influenced every behavior examined. The LSD had fewer birds that performed eating and drinking behaviors, but more birds performed inactive, locomotion, exploratory and comfort behaviors compared to the HSD. Additionally, birds in the HSD were more likely to participate in pecking and piling behaviors compared to LSD. These results suggest that LSD may provide welfare benefits to the pullets. However, producers may face economic barriers when attempting to decrease stocking densities. Further research is needed in this area, but these results could help to achieve a stocking density that maximizes the range of behaviors pullets are able to perform within the scope of a producer’s resources. Future directions may consider collecting behavior data across the life cycle in addition to examining the relationships among behavior and welfare parameters such as feather quality, foot condition and keel bone fractures.
The Mass Distribution of Companions to Low-Mass White Dwarfs
Creators: name: Andrews, Jeff J.
name: Price-Whelan, Adrian M.
name: Agüeros, Marcel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring the masses of companions to single-line spectroscopic binary stars is (in general) not possible because of the unknown orbital plane inclination. Even when the mass of the visible star can be measured, only a lower limit can be placed on the mass of the unseen companion. However, since these inclination angles should be isotropically distributed, for a large enough, unbiased sample, the companion mass distribution can be deconvolved from the distribution of observables. In this work, we construct a hierarchical probabilistic model to infer properties of unseen companion stars given observations of the orbital period and projected radial velocity of the primary star. We apply this model to three mock samples of low-mass white dwarfs (LMWDs, $M\lesssim0.45~\Msun$) and a sample of post-common-envelope binaries. We use a mixture of two Gaussians to model the WD and neutron star (NS) companion mass distributions. Our model successfully recovers the initial parameters of these test data sets. We then apply our model to 55 WDs in the extremely low-mass (ELM) WD Survey. Our maximum a posteriori model for the WD companion population has a mean mass $μ_{\rm WD} = 0.74~\Msun$, with a standard deviation $σ_{\rm WD} = 0.24~\Msun$. Our model constrains the NS companion fraction $f_{\rm NS}$ to be $
description: 7 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in ApJL