cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hitting Time of the Von Neumann Entropy for Networks Undergoing Rewiring
Creators: name: Li, Zichao
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: A random graph model defines a distribution over graphs, and this distribution induces a distribution over certain measurements of graphs, such as the Von Neumann entropy. Interestingly, the Von Neumann entropy of an empirical network typically has a very small probability to be drawn from the distribution over the Von Neumann entropy of graphs generated by the Erdős–Rényi random graph model with the same number of vertices and edges. It has been shown that Erdős–Rényi random graph model may be inappropriate for modeling certain properties of real-world networks such as the small-world property [22] and scale-free property [2], and the Von Neumann entropy provides yet another, complementary way to measure how real-world networks differ from Erdős–Rényi random graphs. Subjecting the network to a random rewiring process offers another approach to measure how far it is from an Erdős–Rényi random graph. In particular, it can be shown using Markov chain theory that the ensemble of networks after many non-degree-preserving rewirings limits to the ensemble of Erdős–Rényi random graphs. In this paper, we develop a connection between these two approaches by studying the Von Neumann entropy of networks undergoing rewiring. More specifically, we are interested in the number of rewiring times needed until the Von Neumann entropy of the rewired graph is larger than some quantile of the distribution over the Von Neumann entropy of Erdős–Rényi random networks, as it can be used to quantify the difference between any given network and networks generated by the Erdős–Rényi random graph model. However, performing a large number of simulations to compute the expected number of rewiring times is not computationally efficient, and we apply matrix perturbation methods to derive an estimation by using a small perturbation to the adjacency matrix to approximate one random rewiring of a graph. The estimation can be computed directly for a given network without performing any numerical simulation.
Commelina reflexa Rusby 1934
Creators: name: Hassemer, Gustavo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Commelinales
Commelinaceae
Commelina
Commelina reflexa

description: Commelina reflexa Rusby (1934: 50)
 Type (lectotype, designated here):— BOLIVIA. LA PAZ: road from Okara to Ancoma, alt. 11000 feet, 29 April 1926, G. H. H. Tate 847 (NY barcode 00247428!; isolectotype NY barcode 00247427!). Fig. 5.
 Notes:— The protologue of Commelina reflexa provided the following information on the original material: “ First collected by O. E. White at Pongo de Quime, Bolivia, alt. 11,500 ft., in July, 1921 (Mulford No. 172). “Growing in full sunshine, about 12 inches high, the flowers blue.” Collected by G. H. H. Tate on the road from Okara to Ancona, alt. 11,000 ft., April 29, 1926 (No. 847)”. I was able to locate three syntypes, all at NY: barcodes 00247427 and 00247428 (G. H. H. Tate 847), and 00658742 (O. E. White 172); all these specimens are in accordance with the morphological information provided in the protologue. All things considered, I designate the specimen NY barcode 00247428 (Fig. 5) as lectotype of C. reflexa, because this is the best specimen among the available syntypes. This species was described from Bolivia, and to this date its distribution and conservation status are not clear, thus warranting urgent taxonomic studies.
description: Published as part of Hassemer, Gustavo, 2018, Typification of five neotropical species of Commelina (Commelinaceae), pp. 15-23 in Phytotaxa 350 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13707711
Thermalizing a telescope in Antarctica: Analysis of ASTEP observations
Creators: name: Guillot, Tristan
name: Abe, Lyu
name: Agabi, Abdelkrim
name: Rivet, Jean-Pierre
name: Daban, Jean-Baptiste
name: Mekarnia, Djamel
name: Aristidi, Eric
name: Schmider, Francois-Xavier
name: Crouzet, Nicolas
name: Gonçalves, Ivan
name: Gouvret, Carole
name: Ottogalli, Sébastien
name: Faradji, Hélène
name: Blanc, Pierre-Eric
name: Bondoux, Eric
name: Valbousquet, Franck
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The installation and operation of a telescope in Antarctica represent particular challenges, in particular the requirement to operate at extremely cold temperatures, to cope with rapid temperature fluctuations and to prevent frosting. Heating of electronic subsystems is a necessity, but solutions must be found to avoid the turbulence induced by temperature fluctua- tions on the optical paths. ASTEP 400 is a 40 cm Newton telescope installed at the Concordia station, Dome C since 2010 for photometric observations of fields of stars and their exoplanets. While the telescope is designed to spread star light on several pixels to maximize photometric stability, we show that it is nonetheless sensitive to the extreme variations of the seeing at the ground level (between about 0.1 and 5 arcsec) and to temperature fluctuations between --30 degrees C and --80 degrees C. We analyze both day-time and night-time observations and obtain the magnitude of the seeing caused by the mirrors, dome and camera. The most important effect arises from the heating of the primary mirror which gives rise to a mirror seeing of 0.23 arcsec K--1 . We propose solutions to mitigate these effects.
description: Appears in Astronomical Notes / Astronomische Nachrichten, Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2015, pp.1-21
Assessing the toolbox of transitional justice
Creators: name: Aristondo Karst, Luisa
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2012
Subjects: rule of law
transitional justice

description: Second semester University: Utrecht University
description: The new millennium is associated with the proliferation of transitional justice – the process of redressing large-scale human rights violations in the wake of conflict or authoritarian regimes. The OHCHR has published operational guidelines, the Rule-of- Law tools for Post-Conflict States, in order to advise UN missions, national authorities and civil society to better craft their responses to transitional justice needs. The aim of this thesis is to assess these Rule-of-Law Tools. An interdisciplinary research method is used combining evaluation research with conventional social science methods. First, the tools are analysed by studying the process of implementation of transitional justice mechanisms vis-à-vis the guidelines outlined in the tools. Secondly, the strengths and weaknesses of the Rule-of-Law Tools are further examined applying the theoretical framework of transitional justice. The assessment revealed that the strength of the tools is the interrelationship between them, since no mechanism can reach the aims of transitional justice on its own, while the weakness of the tools is the narrow legalistic focus. Based on recent developments in the field, it is recommended to have a more holistic approach to transitional justice and broaden the notion of justice in order to ensure justice to victims and expand the range of measures against impunity. Key Words: Transitional Justice, Toolbox, Rule of Law, Assessment
Recent Progress in Leptonic and Semileptonic Decays of Charmed Hadrons
Creators: name: Ke, Bai-Cian
name: Koponen, Jonna
name: Li, Hai-Bo
name: Zheng, Yangheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive review of purely leptonic and semileptonic decays of $D^{0(+)}$, $D_s^{+}$, and charmed baryons (including $Λ_c^{+}$, $Ξ_c$ and $Ω_c$). The precise studies of these decays help deepen our understanding and knowledge of quantum chromodynamics via measuring decay constants and form factors, and test the Standard Model through examining the unitarity of Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix and lepton flavor universality. We give an overview of the theoretical and experimental tools before discussing the recent progress. The data sets collected by BESIII near the production thresholds of $D\bar{D}$, $D_s^{(*)+}D_s^{(*)-}$ and $Λ_c^{+}\barΛ_c^{-}$ offer important opportunities for studies of charm physics.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures
La situation des mineurs prives de liberte en Europe : etat des lieux a l’epreuve des droits de l’homme
Creators: name: Crosset, Lidwine
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2010
Subjects: children rights
juvenile detention
Europe

description: Second semester University: Université de Montpellier
description: Aujourd’hui, en Europe et dans le monde, un grand nombre de mineurs sont privés de liberté. Au-delà de savoir si l’enfermement constitue la solution au problème de la délinquance juvénile ou de l’immigration, nous nous sommes intéressés aux conditions concrètes de détention de ces enfants en Europe, ainsi qu’ au respect de certains de leurs droits fondamentaux dans divers lieux de privation de liberté. Ce travail a pour objectif d’examiner la situation des mineurs en conflit avec la loi, détenus ou emprisonnés, ainsi qu’à celle des mineurs migrants, en situation irrégulière et retenus dans des centres dé rétention administrative. Il est essentiel que la justice ne s’arrête pas aux murs de ces lieux de détention. Étant donné leur âge, les mineurs sont considérés comme des personnes vulnérables et leur besoin de protection, une fois privés de liberté, n’en est que renforcé. Un arsenal d’instruments normatifs, internationaux et régionaux, veille à garantir à ces mineurs, le respect de leurs droits fondamentaux et de leur bienêtre à travers des conditions dignes de détention . L’enfermement dans des milieux violents et parfois criminogènes est néfaste au bon développement des mineurs. La privation de liberté, dont ils font l’objet, ne constitue qu’une étape dans leur vie qu’il leur restera d’ailleurs à construire. Sur la base d’instruments normatifs pertinents, de jurisprudence européenne et de rapports d’organisations internationales et régionales, nous constatons le caractère essentiel du respect des normes et principes élaborés à l’attention des mineurs, souvent victimes d’abus lors de leur privation de liberté. La prise de conscience du besoin de protection accrue des mineurs privés de liberté est essentielle, mais elle n’est rien sans une volonté politique, qui, à défaut de vouloir trouver une alternative à l’enferment, accorde la priorité au respect des droits fondamentaux dont les mineurs sont les sujets et permet un traitement digne de ces derniers durant leur privation de liberté. De cette manière, une fois leur liberté recouvrée, la réinsertion de ceux-ci ne sera pas compromise.
Commelina scabra Bentham 1840
Creators: name: Hassemer, Gustavo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Commelinales
Commelinaceae
Commelina
Commelina scabra

description: Commelina scabra Bentham (1840: 26–27)
 Type (lectotype designated by Hunt 1993: 149):— MEXICO. On pastures, Aguas Calientes, 1839, K. T. Hartweg 235 (K barcode 000363262!; isolectotype P barcode 00752556!).
 Notes:— I recently (Hassemer 2018: 39) proposed to designate the specimen K barcode 000363262 (Figure 13 in Hassemer 2018) as lectotype for Commelina scabra. However, I overlooked that Hunt (1993: 149) inadvertently effected the lectotypification of this name with the same specimen, with the sentence: “ Aguascalientes, Hartweg 235, K!, the holotype ”, which should be corrected to a lectotypification (Art. 9.9 of the ICN).
description: Published as part of Hassemer, Gustavo, 2018, Typification of five neotropical species of Commelina (Commelinaceae), pp. 15-23 in Phytotaxa 350 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13707711
Without home, without homeland. Without school, too? : the right to inclusive education of refugee children
Creators: name: Spathara, Evangelia
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018
Subjects: refugees
children
right to education
discrimination in education
Greece

description: Second semester University: Lund University
description: Each year the number of displaced people grows rapidly creating an urgent humanitarian situation in most places of the world. Among them a huge amount is children, children who are helpless and most of the times hopeless for their future. Education stands out as their only way of dreaming and feeling safe again after all the atrocities they experienced in their home-country, but also during their “journey” to a better place. International Human Rights Law recognizes the right of refugee children to education, without discrimination of any kind based on race, color, decent, sex, language, religion, and national or ethnic origin. Despite the existing provisions, we are facing a significant risk of leaving a whole generation uneducated. This paper focuses on the right to education of refugee children, which is a high priority nowadays, and expands its scope by trying to find out if these children also have a right to inclusive education. It provides an academic and media literature review, as well as an examination of the legal provisions. Finally, by focusing on the case of Greece, it discusses the current refugee situation there and the problems that are noticed in refugee education, examines the existing laws and policies adopted for an inclusive education system and highlights the importance of education for these children.
Collective operation of quantum heat machines via coherence recycling, and coherence induced reversibility
Creators: name: Uzdin, Raam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collective behavior where a set of elements interact and generate effects that are beyond the reach of the individual non interacting elements, are always of great interest in physics. Quantum collective effects that have no classical analogue are even more intriguing. In this work we show how to construct collective quantum heat machines and explore their performance boosts with respect to regular machines. Without interactions between the machines the individual units operate in a stochastic, non-quantum manner. The construction of the collective machine becomes possible by introducing two simple quantum operations: coherence extraction and coherence injection. Together these operations can harvest coherence from one engine and use it to boost the performance of a slightly different engine. For weakly driven engines we show that the collective work output scales quadratically with the number of engines rather than linearly. Eventually, the boost saturates and the scaling becomes linear. Nevertheless, even in saturation, work is still significantly boosted compared to individual operation. To study the reversibility of the collective machine we introduce the 'entropy pollution' measure. It is shown that there is a regime where the collective machine is N times more reversible while producing N times more work, compared to the individual operation of N units. Moreover, the collective machine can even be more reversible than the most reversible unit in the collective. This high level of reversibility becomes possible due to a special symbiotic mechanism between engine pairs.
description: V1 was a quick draft aimed at presenting the main ideas. V2 is more coherent and the logic is more clearly stated. In addition, two new important figures were added. V2 also discusses the boost beyond saturation. However, to keep the paper more focused, the interesting discussion on resource accounting in V1 Sec VIII was omitted
Affordable Care Act Marketplace Enrollment: Mitigating the Barriers that Assisters Face in Enrolling Immigrant Populations in North Carolina
Creators: name: Zoellner, Alexa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Enroll America found that during the first open enrollment period (October 1, 2013- March 31, 2014) consumers were twice as likely to enroll if they received in-person assistance. Only about 16% of people were able to enroll successfully without assistance (Enroll America, 2014). As indicated by Enroll America’s findings, assisters play a vital role in the success of North Carolina’s enrollment statistics. Assisters varied on their level of training, their status, and the type of organization and circumstances under which they aided enrollment.
As assisters guided consumers through the marketplace, they were faced with many challenges (Volk, Corlette, Ahn, & Brooks, 2014). Furthermore, while some barriers to enrolling the consumer were somewhat common across most appointments (i.e. technical problems), other issues were as unique as the consumer. In particular, immigrants presented assisters with a myriad of challenges due to a variety of access and eligibility issues. Many of these problems have not been resolved; successfully enrolling immigrants is an on-going challenge (Pollitz & Tolbert, 2014). It is important to determine what issues assisters are confronting in trying to enroll these populations and what is known about how to best mitigate these barriers.
Research Questions
1. What do assisters perceive to be the barriers to enrolling Latino immigrants, temporary migrant workers, and non-immigrant refugees in the ACA?
2. What are the best practices for assisters to mitigate these barriers and help these populations successfully enroll into the Marketplace?
Maternity in Europe : trapped in a stereotype: a history of a fight with roots and ties
Creators: name: Chmiel, Agnieszka
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: motherhood
European Union
labour market
equality
Court of Justice of the European Union
European Court of Human Rights
Portugal
Poland

description: Second semester University: New University of Lisbon
description: Women in Europe have long been seen as primary carers and this has significantly influenced their earnings and position in the labour market. The understanding of the importance of women’s participation in the European labour market and tackling the issue of declining birth rates across the continent has created a need for a better balance between paid and unpaid work. However, the change in stereotypes deeply rooted in society appears to be more complicated than expected, even for the European Union that claims to be a pioneer in gender equality. The lost opportunity in defining the relationship between the Pregnant Workers Directive and the Recast Directive seems to be a failure that will be difficult to rectify. The non-consideration of existing economic hierarchies in the reconciliation of work-life balance through the introduction of unpaid leave does not makes achievement of the goal any easier. The changes in society are often recognized by jurisprudence but show slow, gradual progress in challenging the subsidiary role of men in parental duties and the provision of lengthy leaves solely for mothers, which are still held to be compatible with EU law. In this paper I will outline the shape of maternal and parental protection in Europe including the relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights. With the aim of identifying the weaknesses of the legal system of the European Union, I will outline its shortcomings. In doing so, I will illustrate the system using the example of how the Pregnant Workers Directive and Parental Leave Directive were implemented in Portugal and Poland and reveal how, despite limited freedom for Member States in the implementation of the standards, the outcome and results of the introduced measures differ significantly.
A Markovian Analysis of IEEE 802.11 Broadcast Transmission Networks with Buffering
Creators: name: Fayolle, Guy
name: Muhlethaler, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 60J10, secondary 30D05, 30E99

description: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the so-called back-off technique of the IEEE 802.11 protocol in broadcast mode with waiting queues. In contrast to existing models, packets arriving when a station (or node) is in back-off state are not discarded, but are stored in a buffer of infinite capacity. As in previous studies, the key point of our analysis hinges on the assumption that the time on the channel is viewed as a random succession of transmission slots (whose duration corresponds to the length of a packet) and mini-slots during which the back-o? of the station is decremented. These events occur independently, with given probabilities. The state of a node is represented by a two-dimensional Markov chain in discrete-time, formed by the back-off counter and the number of packets at the station. Two models are proposed both of which are shown to cope reasonably well with the physical principles of the protocol. The stabillity (ergodicity) conditions are obtained and interpreted in terms of maximum throughput. Several approximations related to these models are also discussed.
Role of the Dynorphin/KOR System in Mediating the Stress Response in Mice
Creators: name: Huq, Sakibul
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Alcohol and drug abuse represent two of today’s greatest unsolved public health problems. The dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system has been shown to mediate the increased rewarding effects of drugs of abuse and the increased anxiety and stress seen during alcohol withdrawal. In the present study, we examined the role of the dynorphin/KOR system in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis (BNST) in stress related behaviors using an animal model. We stereotaxically injected mice with an inducible caspase construct to selectively destroy dynorphin cells in the BNST and tested mice using the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field, and forced swim stress (FSS) behavioral paradigms. Our results show that under basal, non-stress conditions, ablating dynorphin from the BNST does not produce significant changes in behavior. However, dynorphin and KORs may play an important role in mediating behavior following a stressful event (FSS). Using Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs), we show that functionally inhibiting dynorphin neurons in the BNST may have an anxiogenic effect under stressful conditions faced in the FSS-EPM behavioral paradigm. These results, along with an ongoing set of behavioral experiments with the DREADD mice, may provide novel insight for the role of the dynorphin/KOR system in mediating the stress response relevant to alcohol and drug use disorders.
Characterization of Dormant Tumor Cells in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and Therapeutic Strategies
Creators: name: Anderson, Sonya
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Introduction: Pancreatic cancer represents around 3% of all cancers in the United States. Despite this low incidence, it represents around 7% of all cancer deaths in the United States, making it the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. While prognosis does depend on histologic grade and extend of spread, pancreatic cancer is often difficult to treat due to lack of effective screening tests, quick spread, recurrence, and low immunogenic nature. Additionally, pancreatic cancer, such as its most common form: Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is resistant to most systemic/targeted therapies. This facilitates the need for novel drug delivery. One such novel therapeutic treatment option is traps. Traps are fusion proteins that bind to chemokines in a manner similar to monoclonal antibodies. The traps are then formulated into nanoparticles which can be delivered to the pancreas. The trap can be formulated to target chemokines like CXCL13 which has been implicated in the suppression of the anti-tumor response through B-reg recruitment. Methods: To analyze the effectiveness of the CXCL13 trap, mouse tumor studies were completed, in which KPC98207 cells were injected into the tail of the pancreas. Mice were randomized into two treatment groups: PBS or CXCL13 trap nanoparticles. Tumor tissues were then harvested to be analyzed through western blot and flow cytometry for the presence of certain cytokines (pSTAT3, IL-35, IL-10) and vimentin. Results: The PDAC tumors treated with CXCL13 trap had significantly reduced presence of pSTAT3, IL-35, IL-10, and vimentin. Conclusion: The CXCL13 trap works to decrease tumor burden in PDAC by reducing differentiation of B-cells into B-reg cells, shown by the reduction of cytokines involved in inhibiting the anti-tumor immune response (pSTAT3, IL-35, IL-10) and vimentin. Thus, the CXCL13 trap presents a new treatment option to be used in conjunction with current chemotherapeutic drugs to potentially cure and prevent recurrence of PDAC.
"The agony between cultural accommodation and zero tolerance" : female genital mutilation (FGM) and male circumcision (MC), a comparison
Creators: name: Engels, Marie
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: circumcision
female circumcision
health

description: Second semester University: New University of Lisbon.
description: Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is for a long time already subject of different worldwide international campaigns. Male Circumcision (MC) is even much more widespread but is on the contrary a much more accepted practice. However recently a debate started over the tolerance of MC and whether FGM and MC are comparable. Can we put both practices on the same footing or do they rely on a different base not only from a social (healthcare) or cultural/religious point of view but also from a legal one? Chapter I and II will discuss in general what FGM and MC entail. Chapter III will make a comparison between both practices on basis of their health consequences. Chapter IV will make a comparison on basis of their general human rights considerations. Chapter V will discuss how western society deals with MC and FGM. In the last chapter the rights of the child will be balanced against the rights of the parents with regard to MC and this with the focus on freedom of religion for children and their right to an open future.
Polynomial Chaos-based Bayesian Inference of K-Profile Parametrization in a General Circulation Model of the Tropical Pacific
Creators: name: Sraj, Ihab
name: Zedler, Sarah E.
name: Knio, Omar M.
name: Jackson, Charles S.
name: Hoteit, Ibrahim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The authors present a Polynomial Chaos (PC)-based Bayesian inference method for quantifying the uncertainties of the K-Profile Parametrization (KPP) within the MIT General Circulation Model (MITgcm) of the tropical pacific. The inference of the uncertain parameters is based on a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) scheme that utilizes a newly formulated test statistic taking into account the different components representing the structures of turbulent mixing on both daily and seasonal timescales in addition to the data quality, and filters for the effects of parameter perturbations over those due to changes in the wind. To avoid the prohibitive computational cost of integrating the MITgcm model at each MCMC iteration, we build a surrogate model for the test statistic using the PC method. To filter out the noise in the model predictions and avoid related convergence issues, we resort to a Basis-Pursuit-DeNoising (BPDN) compressed sensing approach to determine the PC coefficients of a representative surrogate model. The PC surrogate is then used to evaluate the test statistic in the MCMC step for sampling the posterior of the uncertain parameters. Results of the posteriors indicate good agreement with the default values for two parameters of the KPP model namely the critical bulk and gradient Richardson numbers; while the posteriors of the remaining parameters were barely informative.
Do Rivals Impact U.S. Fast Food Firm Entry in China?
Creators: name: Lippig-Singewald, Glenn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: This research examines whether rival firms’ market presence influences initial market
entry decisions for U.S. fast food firms McDonald’s, KFC and Pizza Hut in Eastern China
between 2004 and 2011. It also examines factors influencing the recent increase in local Chinese
fast food firms’ initial market entry. The analysis utilizes a firm-and-consumer-learning
theoretical model from Toivanen and Waterson (2005) and a single-spell discrete time hazard
empirical model, which are applied to data from the Carolina Population Center’s China Health
and Nutrition Survey. This research reveals that the presence of KFC in a given market did not
influence McDonald’s initial market entry decisions during 2004 and 2011 (and vice versa). A
positive relationship was demonstrated between KFC initial market entry and higher-population,
higher-income markets, and the same was demonstrated for McDonald’s initial market entry and
urban markets. Also, local Chinese fast food firms entered markets where KFC already existed.
From pro-$p$ Iwahori-Hecke modules to $(φ,Γ)$-modules I
Creators: name: Grosse-Klönne, Elmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let ${\mathfrak o}$ be the ring of integers in a finite extension $K$ of ${\mathbb Q}_p$, let $k$ be its residue field. Let $G$ be a split reductive group over ${\mathbb Q}_p$, let $T$ be a maximal split torus in $G$. Let ${\mathcal H}(G,I_0)$ be the pro-$p$-Iwahori Hecke ${\mathfrak o}$-algebra. Given a semiinfinite reduced chamber gallery (alcove walk) $C^{({\bullet})}$ in the $T$-stable apartment, a period $ϕ\in N(T)$ of $C^{({\bullet})}$ of length $r$ and a homomorphism $τ:{\mathbb Z}_p^{\times}\to T$ compatible with $ϕ$, we construct a functor from the category ${\rm Mod}^{\rm fin}({\mathcal H}(G,I_0))$ of finite length ${\mathcal H}(G,I_0)$-modules to étale $(φ^r,Γ)$-modules over Fontaine's ring ${\mathcal O}_{\mathcal E}$. If $G={\rm GL}_{d+1}({\mathbb Q}_p)$ there are essentially two choices of ($C^{({\bullet})}$, $ϕ$, $τ$) with $r=1$, both leading to a functor from ${\rm Mod}^{\rm fin}({\mathcal H}(G,I_0))$ to étale $(φ,Γ)$-modules and hence to ${\rm Gal}_{{\mathbb Q}_p}$-representations. Both induce a bijection between the set of absolutely simple supersingular ${\mathcal H}(G,I_0)\otimes_{\mathfrak o} k$-modules of dimension $d+1$ and the set of irreducible representations of ${\rm Gal}_{{\mathbb Q}_p}$ over $k$ of dimension $d+1$. We also compute these functors on modular reductions of tamely ramified locally unitary principal series representations of $G$ over $K$. For $d=1$ we recover Colmez' functor (when restricted to ${\mathfrak o}$-torsion ${\rm GL}_{2}({\mathbb Q}_p)$-representations generated by their pro-$p$-Iwahori invariants)
Gelidium divaricatum G. Martens. Habit 1868
Creators: name: Lin, Showe-Mei
name: Liu, Li-Chia
name: Guiry, Michael D.
name: Jr, Put Ang
name: Hsueh, Hsi-Ju
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Rhodophyta
Florideophyceae
Nemaliales
Gelidiaceae
Gelidium
Gelidium divaricatum

description: Gelidium divaricatum G. Martens 1866: 30, pl. VIII [8]: fig. 4 (Fig. 2)
Description:—Thalli prostrate, mat-forming, irregularly to pinnately branched, procumbent branches terete, 12–16 (–20) mm long, coarser at upper portion (250–350 μm in diameter) but slender at the basal parts (180–220 μm in diameter); apices of branches acute, growth leading by single apical cells, cortical cells, 3–4 celled layers, rounded to oval, 7–9 μm by 8–12 μm in diameter; reproduction unknown.
Lectotype:— Hong Kong, Martens’ illustration, pl. VIII: fig. 4 (Martens 1866), collection date unknown; shown here as fig. 2D, the overall morphology of which strongly conforms with epitype material shown as our figs. 2 A, B.
Epitype:—HAST#142346, Hair Pin Beach, Stanley, Hong Kong Island, 29 February 2008, collected by S.-M. Lin (Fig. 2A).
Distribution:—Presently known only from Hong Kong Island.
description: Published as part of Lin, Showe-Mei, Liu, Li-Chia, Guiry, Michael D., Jr, Put Ang & Hsueh, Hsi-Ju, 2018, A reassessment of Gelidium divaricatum G. Martens (Gelidiaceae, Rhodophyta) from Hong Kong, including Gelidiophycus hongkongensis sp. nov., pp. 49-55 in Phytotaxa 348 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.348.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/13707723
Liquid-gas phase transition in strange hadronic matter with relativistic models
Creators: name: Torres, James R.
name: Gulminelli, Francesca
name: Menezes, Débora P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Background: The advent of new dedicated experimental programs on hyperon physics is rapidly boosting the field, and the possibility of synthetizing multiple strange hypernuclei requires the addition of the strangeness degree of freedom to the models dedicated to nuclear structure and nuclear matter studies at low energy. Purpose: We want to settle the influence of strangeness on the nuclear liquid-gas phase transition. Because of the large uncertainties concerning the hyperon sector, we do not aim at a quantitative estimation of the phase diagram but rather at a qualitative description of the phenomenology, as model independent as possible. Method: We analyze the phase diagram of low density matter composed of neutrons, protons and $Λ$ hyperons using a Relativistic Mean Field (RMF) model. We largely explore the parameter space to pin down generic features of the phase transition, and compare the results to ab-initio quantum Monte Carlo calculations. Results: We show that the liquid-gas phase transition is only slightly quenched by the addition of hyperons. Strangeness is seen to be an order parameter of the phase transition, meaning that dilute strange matter is expected to be unstable with respect to the formation of hyper-clusters. Conclusions: More quantitative results within the RMF model need improved functionals at low density, possibly fitted to ab-initio calculations of nuclear and $Λ$ matter.
Constructing a Model of the Deep Appalachian Structure
Creators: name: Dawson, Sam
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The first deep imaging of the southern Appalachians has revealed a double Moho from the Blue Ridge Escarpment towards the North Carolina Piedmont, raising questions of what material is convoluting the crust-mantle boundary (Wagner et al. 2012). We’re presenting work that seeks to test if an eclogite root situated between 40 and 60km depth is permitted with the Bouguer gravity anomaly in this region. Results from this gravity modeling show that two profiles from Tennessee to North Carolina and from West Virginia to Virginia can include such a root, although small adjustments can be made to support a model without eclogite. We favor the eclogite models over the latter due to their ability to explain the seismic discontinuity found in Wagner et al. (2012) and the density anomaly found in Mooney and Kaban (2010).
Mathematical analysis of a coarsening model with local interactions
Creators: name: Helmers, Michael
name: Niethammer, Barbara
name: Velazquez, Juan J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider particles on a one-dimensional lattice whose evolution is governed by nearest-neighbor interactions where particles that have reached size zero are removed from the system. Concentrating on configurations with infinitely many particles, we prove existence of solutions under a reasonable density assumption on the initial data and show that the vanishing of particles and the localized interactions can lead to non-uniqueness. Moreover, we provide a rigorous upper coarsening estimate and discuss the generic statistical properties as well as some non-generic behavior of the evolution by means of heuristic arguments and numerical observations.
description: Extended non-uniqueness section
Effectiveness or empowerment? : an assessment of participatory democracy in contemporary South Africa
Creators: name: Overbeeke, Merel
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2011
Subjects: participation
participatory democracy
South Africa

description: Second semester University: Université Libre de Bruxelles
description: This thesis develops a theoretical framework to demonstrate why public participation is currently promoted in developing countries by a wide range of organisations, from international financial agencies to local communist political parties. The argument is that a consensus has been reached between right- and left-wing theorists on the need to adopt participatory institutions to secure the stability and survival of new democracies. In theory, public participation can increase legitimacy of the democratic system by improving the decision-making processes (input-oriented concept) and its substantive products (output-oriented concept). An assessment of the case of South Africa illustrates that local participatory governance is currently failing on both accounts due to unresponsiveness and inefficiency. The introduction of an outcome-oriented concept of legitimacy could bridge the gap between input and output legitimacy by bringing to light the achievements of public participation and demonstrate its added value to problem-solving and reducing inequality. Thus, there is a need to develop a strong monitoring and evaluation system to facilitate a continuous process of learning and feedback to change the behaviour of both social forces and political actors in order to improve the quality of local democratic processes and their results.
Time-resolved shadowgraphs of transient plasma induced by spatiotemporally focused femtosecond laser pulses in fused silica glass
Creators: name: Wang, Zhaohui
name: Zeng, Bin
name: Li, Guihua
name: Xie, Hongqiang
name: Chu, Wei
name: He, Fei
name: Liao, Yang
name: Liu, Weiwei
name: Gao, Hui
name: Cheng, Ya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on experimental observations of formation and evolution of transient plasma produced in fused silica glass with spatiotemporally focused (STF) femtosecond laser pulses using a pump-probe shadow imaging technique. Surprisingly, the observation shows that the track of the plasma is significantly curved, which is attributed to an asymmetric density distribution of the transient plasma produced in the focal volume caused by the pulse front tilt of the STF laser field.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Perturbation theory, effective field theory, and oscillations in the power spectrum
Creators: name: Vlah, Zvonimir
name: Seljak, Uroš
name: Chu, Man Yat
name: Feng, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the relationship between the nonlinear matter power spectrum and the various Lagrangian and Standard Perturbation Theories (LPT and SPT). We first look at it in the context of one dimensional (1-d) dynamics, where 1LPT is exact at the perturbative level and one can exactly resum the SPT series into the 1LPT power spectrum. Shell crossings lead to non-perturbative effects, and the PT ignorance can be quantified in terms of their ratio, which is also the transfer function squared in the absence of stochasticity. At the order of PT we work, this parametrization is equivalent to the results of effective field theory (EFT), and can thus be expanded in terms of the same parameters. We find that its radius of convergence is larger than the SPT loop expansion. The same EFT parametrization applies to all SPT loop terms and, if stochasticity can be ignored, to all N-point correlators. In 3-d, the LPT structure is considerably more complicated, and we find that LPT models with parametrization motivated by the EFT exhibit running with $k$ and that SPT is generally a better choice. Since these transfer function expansions contain free parameters that change with cosmological model their usefulness for broadband power is unclear. For this reason we test the predictions of these models on baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO) and other primordial oscillations, including string monodromy models, for which we ran a series of simulations with and without oscillations. Most models are successful in predicting oscillations beyond their corresponding PT versions, confirming the basic validity of the model.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Women at work: taking a gender approach to business and human rights framework
Creators: name: Rajaratnam, Nadeeka Devi
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2011
Subjects: business
human rights
women
workers

description: Second semester University: University of Nottingham
description: This thesis aims to address the „gender‟ question within the business and human rights discourse. The main question to be addressed is whether, and to what extent, the present business and human rights discussion takes into account the gender dimensions of human rights and labour rights issues arising in the workplace and whether this is sufficient to provide protection in certain areas of employment affecting women due to gender inequality and discrimination. To guide this gender perspective an analysis of the main legal instruments of the UN and the ILO will be provided especially where they address gender-based discrimination and inequality in the economic field. Addressing the situation of women workers seems to be justified where favourable conditions of work could contribute to women‟s economic empowerment. The ILO MNE Declaration, the OECD MNE Guidelines and the Women‟s Empowerment Principles will be discussed. The first two pillars of the UN Framework will be the main reference point to address the gender perspective in relation to business and human rights. The final part will also focus on what would be the best way forward in the business and human rights discussion to guarantee respect for human rights and labour rights of women in employment context.
Enhancing Pre-Trained Language Models with Sentence Position Embeddings for Rhetorical Roles Recognition in Legal Opinions
Creators: name: Belfathi, Anas
name: Hernandez, Nicolas
name: Monceaux, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The legal domain is a vast and complex field that involves a considerable amount of text analysis, including laws, legal arguments, and legal opinions. Legal practitioners must analyze these texts to understand legal cases, research legal precedents, and prepare legal documents. The size of legal opinions continues to grow, making it increasingly challenging to develop a model that can accurately predict the rhetorical roles of legal opinions given their complexity and diversity. In this research paper, we propose a novel model architecture for automatically predicting rhetorical roles using pre-trained language models (PLMs) enhanced with knowledge of sentence position information within a document. Based on an annotated corpus from the LegalEval@SemEval2023 competition, we demonstrate that our approach requires fewer parameters, resulting in lower computational costs when compared to complex architectures employing a hierarchical model in a global-context, yet it achieves great performance. Moreover, we show that adding more attention to a hierarchical model based only on BERT in the local-context, along with incorporating sentence position information, enhances the results.
description: Workshop on Automated Semantic Analysis of Information in Legal Text
The Response of Subaltern Women to Threats in Roman Comedy
Creators: name: Ditmore, Allison
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Roman Comedy is notable for its volume of subaltern women’s speech, a strikingly high percentage of which is occupied by the female characters’ responses to threats ranging from minor to significant, from passing to repeated and structural. Although these threats have been little studied, they form a large, significant, complex set of materials within the corpus of Roman Comedy.  Because many of those shown as making threats would have had the social power to enact their threats if the circumstances had taken place in actual Roman life, and because from antiquity on, the plays have been seen as representing genuine Roman social realities, these staged conflicts may reflect what Roman ancillae and meretrices would have encountered in real life.  Roman Comedy provides us a rare opportunity to read and hear words that successfully convinced Roman audiences that a woman would say them.  Such success confers legitimacy on this staged female speech even though none of the words was written or spoken by a Roman woman.  On the same principle, the types and formulations of staged threats against women were likely to seem realistic to viewers. By examining these staged threats, we can learn much about the everyday language of threats and violence, as well as about what threats and violence Roman women from all walks of life may have encountered every day. In this thesis, I want to study the way subaltern women verbally respond to threats, using analyses both formal and contextual, in hopes of better understanding female speech as a whole, the experiences of Roman women, and the vulnerability of Roman women in general.
Measurement of the correlations between the polar angles of leptons from top quark decays in the helicity basis at $\sqrt{s}=7$TeV using the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement of the correlations between the polar angles of leptons from the decay of pair-produced $t$ and $\bar{t}$ quarks in the helicity basis is reported, using proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.6fb$^{-1}$ at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=7$TeV collected during 2011. Candidate events are selected in the dilepton topology with large missing transverse momentum and at least two jets. The angles $θ_1$ and $θ_2$ between the charged leptons and the direction of motion of the parent quarks in the $t\bar{t}$ rest frame are sensitive to the spin information, and the distribution of {\mbox{$\cosθ_1\cdot\cosθ_2$}} is sensitive to the spin correlation between the $t$ and $\bar{t}$ quarks. The distribution is unfolded to parton level and compared to the next-to-leading order prediction. A good agreement is observed.
description: 17 pages (+ author list: 34 pages in total), 2 figures, 4 tabels. Submitted to: Phys. Rev. D. RC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at: https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2013-10/