Cis taurus Reitter 1878
Creators: name: Oliveira, Ester H.
name: Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Ciidae
Cis
Cis taurus

description: Cis taurus (Reitter, 1878)
(Figs 1–11)
Diagnosis. (i) body glabrous dorsally; (ii) males with frontoclypeal ridge bearing two long horns with acute apices, inner edges parallel and outer edges slightly converging; (iii) both lateral margins of pronotum visible for their entire lengths from above, weakly crenulate; (iv) pronotum with microreticulate sculpture between punctures; (v) elytral punctation dual, mostly confused, slightly subseriate on disc; (vi) abdominal sex patch about half the length of the first abdominal ventrite at the longitudinal midline.
Redescription. Plesiotype, male (Fig. 1 – 5), measurements (in mm): TL 1.98, PL 0.73, PW 1.08, EL 1.25, EW 1.18, GD 0.95. Ratios: PL/PW 0.67, EL/EW 1.06, EL/PL 1.72, GD/EW 0.81, TL/EW 1.68. Body robust, strongly convex, shiny, glabrous dorsally and with sparse setae ventrally; mouthparts, tarsi and antennae goldish yellow. Head concave dorsally, glabrous; punctation single, fine and sparse; frontoclypeal ridge reduced and bearing a pair of long (length 0.88mm; width 0.23 mm), parallel horns; horns separated by a distance of about 0.10 mm at base, apices acute, punctation single and fine, inner edges parallel and outer edges slightly converging. Antenna (left antenna measured; FL 0.17 mm, CL 0.30 mm, CL/FL 1.76) with length of antennomeres (in mm), from antennomere one to ten, as follows: 0.09, 0.07, 0.06, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.03, 0.10, 0.08, 0.14. Eyes glabrous (GW 0.10 mm), coarsely granulate. Pronotum shiny, with single punctation and microreticulate sculpture between punctures (Fig. 4); punctures separated by a distance of about two puncture-widths at disc and each puncture bearing a very short minute seta (barely visible even at a magnification of 100x); anterior margin strongly arched; anterior angles rounded, distinctly produced forward; both lateral margins explanate, arched, weakly crenulate, visible for their entire lengths from above; posterior edge widest and sublinear, rounded near scutellum. Scutellum (BW 0.08 mm), triangular, glabrous, bearing a few punctures. Elytra strongly convex; punctation dual, mostly confused but slightly subseriate at disc; the large punctures similar in size to those of pronotum and the small ones with about one-third the diameter of the large punctures; punctures very close to each other, distanced by one puncture-width or less and each bearing a minute seta (barely visible at magnification of 100X); humeri conspicuous and prominent. Prosternum biconcave, strongly tumid and carinate at the longitudinal midline; surface granulate, vestiture consisting of minute setae; prosternal process narrowest at its base and gradually expanded to a blunt apex. Metaventrite slightly convex, subglabrous, granulate, with sparse, minute setae. Abdominal ventrites with coarse, shallow punctation; surface granulate and vestiture consisting of sparse, slender setae; length of the ventrites one to five as follows (in mm, from base to apex of each ventrite at the longitudinal midline): 0.15, 0.08, 0.07, 0.07, 0.10; first abdominal ventrite bearing a circular, margined and pubescent sex patch at the center (Fig. 5 arrow), the patch with a transverse diameter of 0.07 mm. Protibia with apex bearing a row of spines and outer apical angle produced into a stout tooth. Meso- and metatibiae with apex bearing a row of spines; outer apical angle angulate but not forming a distinct tooth.
Male abdominal terminalia (Figs 6–7). Eighth sternite (Fig. 6) (length 0.09 mm, width 0.24 mm) with posterior margin curved inward, bearing minute setae medially and long setae at the lateral corners; lateral margins diverging; anterior margin membranous and devoid of median strut. Ninth segment (= genital ring) U-shaped. Aedeagus (Fig. 7) subtrapezoidal, about twice as long as wide. Basal piece subtriangular, membranous, with rounded angles. Tegmen almost as long as penis (length 0.22 mm, width 0.12 mm); lateral margins slightly diverging apically; apical one-fourth with a V-shape emargination forming two lateral lobes, each one with an small excavation near apex (Fig. 7, arrows). Penis subcylindrical (length 0.24 mm, width 0.07 mm); lateral margins slightly divergent to apex; apical one-fourth conspicuously narrow and mostly membranous.
Females (Fig. 8). Similar to males except for the following features: head concave, vertex flattened, frontoclypeal ridge with two very short projections at the same position of the horns in males, first abdominal ventrite devoid of sex patch. Female abdominal terminalia not examined.
Variation. Males (n = 17, including the lectotype and the plesiotype): TL 1.60–2.03 (1.85 ± 0.12), PL 0.48–0.80 (0.61 ± 0.10), PW 0.78–1.08 (0.95 ±0.08), EL 1.10–1.45 (1.24 ±0.10), EW 0.88–1.20 (1.06 ± 0.10), GD 0.68–0.98 (0.82 ± 0.09), Ratios: PL/PW 0.51–0.74 (0.64 ± 0.07), EL/EW 0.92–1.30 (1.18 ± 0.11), EL/PL 1.38–2.84 (2.08 ± 0.39), GD/EW 0.68–0.88 (0.78 ± 0.06), TL/EW 1.58–1.90 (1.75 ± 0.08). Females (n = 13, including the paralectotype): TL 1.83–2.43 (1.97 ± 0.16), PL 0.50–0.93 (0.63 ± 0.11), PW 0.95–1.15 (1.00 ± 0.06), EL 1.20–1.55 (1.34 ± 0.09), EW 1.03–1.18 (1.09 ± 0.05), GD 0.80–0.95 (0.88 ± 0.04). Ratios: PL/PW 0.53–0.80 (0.62 ± 0.08), EL/EW 1.12–1.35 (1.23 ± 0.06), EL/PL 1.62–2.95 (2.18 ± 0.38), GD/EW 0.76–0.86 (0.81 ± 0.03), TL/EW 1.70–2.11 (1.81 ± 0.10). Dorsal and ventral surfaces varying from dark reddish -brown to light brown. Males from Banderilla (Veracruz) and Xilitla (Sán Luís Potosí; Fig. 10) have comparatively longer and more conspicuous elytral setae, being subglabrous near the sides of elytra. Males from Tlanchinol (Hidalgo; Fig. 9) have comparatively longer and denser setae at the ventral surface and conspicuous fine setae at the elytral surface. Male horns' length ranges from 0.17mm to 0.88mm.
Material examined. Lectotype, male (HNHM) \ Mexico leg Bilimek [handwriten] \ Holotypus [printed, in orange ink] 1878 Macrocis taurus 3 Reitter [handwritten, orange border] \ Macrocis taurus Mexico Reitt [sic][handwritten] \50831 [handwritten, black border] \ LECTOTYPUS Oliveira & Lopes-Andrade det. [handwritten in pink label]\. One female paralecotype (HNHM) \ Mexico leg. Bilimek [handwritten] \ Allotypus [printed, in orange ink] 1878 Macrocis taurus Ƥ Reitter [handwritten, orange border] \ 50831 [handwritten, black border] \ PARALECTOTYPUS Oliveira & Lopes-Andrade [handwritten in beige paper]\. Other specimens as follows: male plesiotype (NHM) \Orizaba, MEX. Mai 1871. Bilimek Coll. [handwritten] \ Bilimek Mexico 1871 [printed] \ Orizaba [handwritten] \ WIEN [printed] \ Cis (taurus) taurus 565 Reitter [printed] \ PLESIOTYPUS Oliveira & Lopes-Andrade [handwritten in gray paper]\; 2 males (LAPC) \ MÉXICO: Veracruz, Banderilla, La Martinica, [printed] 19.vi.2001 En Polyporus sp.[handwritten] Alt. 1550m, L. Delgado col. [printed] \ Cis taurus (Reitter) L. Delgado det. 2004[handwritten] \ 3 17.i.2007 [handwritten]\; 1 male: (ANIC) \ MEXICO: S.L.P. 14 mi W Xilitla, 4800ft, Liq.for. vi.29.1973 [printed] \ leaf litter forest floor A. Newton [printed]\; 1 male (CNCI) \ MEX.San Luís P, 1600m 20KmW.Xilitla, 12.VI–6.VIII.1983, S&J. Peck cloud for.fl.interc. [printed] \ Cis taurus (Reitter) [handwritten] C. Lopes-Andrade det. 2007 [printed]\; 5 males (3 ANIC, 2 LAPC, one dissected) and 5 females (3 ANIC, 2 LAPC) \ 14 mi. W. Xilitla 4800’ S.L.P. MEX. vi-28-71 A. Newton [printed] \ J.F. Lawrence Lot 3239\; 1 male (ANIC) \ 14 mi. W. Xilitla 4800’ S.L.P. MEX. vi-28-71 A. Newton [printed] \ J.F. Lawrence Lot [printed] 3239 [handwritten]\; 4 specimens in two double montages (1 female and 1 male in each) (CNCI) \ 14mi. W. Xilitla 4800’ S.L.P. MEX. VI-28-71 A. Newton [printed] \ J. F. Lawrence Lot [printed] 3239 [handwritten]\; 2 males (1 ANIC, 1 LAPC, one dissected) and 4 females (2 ANIC, 2 LAPC) \ MEX: Hdg. 2.5m N Tlanchinol 5200’ VII-[printed] 11 [handwritten]-73 A. Newton, coll. [printed] \ J. F. Lawrence Lot [printed] 3515 [handwritten] \ Bjerkandera fumosa [printed]\; 1 male (ANIC) \ MEX: Hdg. 2.5–3.5 mi N Tlanchinol 5200’ VII-11-73 A. Newton, coll [printed] \ J.F. Lawrence Lot [printed] 3514 [handwritten] \ Polyporus versicolor [printed]\; 1 female (CNCI) \ MEX., CHIS., 3mi.N. S.Cristóbal de las Casas 12.VI.1969 E.E.Lindquist [printed] \ Bracket fungi [printed]\.
description: Published as part of Oliveira, Ester H. & Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano, 2013, Redescription of Cis taurus (Reitter, 1878) (Coleoptera: Ciidae), pp. 483-489 in Zootaxa 3599 (5) on pages 484-487, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.5.5, http://zenodo.org/record/219178