cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Air pollution dispersion within the Tamar Valley
Creators: name: Power, M
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The Tamar Valley is a well-defined coastal valley, located in northern Tasmania (Australia). The valley has significant air pollution problems. At Bell Bay, approximately 5 km inland, there is a heavy industrial estate containing an aluminium smelter, a ferroalloy smelter, a medium density fibreboard plant and a thermal power station. The city of Launceston (pop. 72 000) is located 65 km inland, at the head of the valley. Launceston has a significant winter woodsmoke problem, regularly exceeding the 24-hour National Environment Protection Council (NEPC) goal for PM\\(_{10}\\) particles. Data from a network of 16 meteorological stations were combined to produce a climatology of the Tamar Valley, with many variables being mapped on a seasonal basis. The most important climatological parameters were amalgamated into an index of air pollution potential. A diagnostic wind field model, NUATMOS was used to model hourly wind fields for two-day periods each season under poor dispersion conditions. The modelled wind fields clearly showed the dominant flows occurring in the valley under anticyclonic conditions. Coastal westerlies and sea breezes are channelled inland along the northwest-southeast aligned valley. At night, there is a transition to down-slope and down-valley winds, which drain out of the valley. The CITPUFF Gaussian puff dispersion model was used to simulate dispersion of current winter woodsmoke emissions throughout the valley under poor-dispersion conditions. This model was used to help devise woodsmoke reduction strategies. The findings show that a 72 % reduction in woodheater numbers in Launceston is required to meet the NEPC particle goal. This goal is exceeded only in the Launceston region, and is chiefly caused by local sources, with only 4% of the particles modelled within Launceston originating outside of the city. Measured particle concentrations in Launceston have declined over the past few years, however additional measures are required if the NEPC goal is to be met. The introduction of reticulated natural gas to Launceston will allow the NEPC goal to be met if the city experiences an uptake to gas heating similar to that experienced by Canberra when gas was introduced. A more realistic scenario, with an uptake half that of Canberra's, would provide a significant reduction in PM\\(_{10}\\) concentrations, however this alone would not meet the NEPC goal. Banning open fires and non-certified woodheaters would come close meeting the goal. The goal is most likely to be met using a combination of reduction measures. Dispersion of SO\\(_2\\) from the combined Bell Bay industrial sources was modelled for each season, showing frequent exceedences of the NEPC hourly goal for SO\\(_2\\). The Bell Bay thermal power station was the dominant source, however this will shortly be converted from oil-fired to gas-fired operation. Modelled NO\\(_x\\) emissions from the gas-fired power station reveal a significant reduction in the number of exceedences.
Cosmic Ray Anomalies and Dark Matter Annihilation to Muons via a Higgs Portal Hidden Sector
Creators: name: Kohri, Kazunori
name: McDonald, John
name: Sahu, Narendra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Annihilating dark matter (DM) models based on a scalar hidden sector with Higgs portal-like couplings to the Standard Model are considered as a possible explanation for recently observed cosmic ray excesses. Two versions of the model are studied, one with non-thermal DM as the origin of the boost factor and one with Sommerfeld enhancement. In the case of non-thermal DM, four hidden sector scalars which transform under a U(1)_{X} symmetry are added. The heaviest scalars decouple and later decay to DM scalars, so providing the boost factor necessary to explain the present DM annihilation rate. The mass of the annihilating scalars is limited to < 600 GeV for the model to remain perturbative. U(1)_{X} breaking to Z_2 at the electroweak transition mixes light O(100) MeV hidden sector scalars with the Higgs. The DM scalars annihilate to these light scalars, which subsequently decay to two mu^{+} mu^{-} pairs via Higgs mixing, so generating a positron excess without antiprotons. Decay to μ^{+}μ^{-} rather than e^{+}e^{-} is necessary to ensure a fast enough light scalar decay rate to evade light scalar domination at nucleosynthesis. In the version with Sommerfeld enhancement only three new scalars are necessary. TeV scale DM masses can be accomodated, allowing both the higher energy electron plus positron excess and the lower energy PAMELA positron excess to be explained. DM annihilates to two μ^{+}μ^{-} pairs as in the non-thermal model. This annihilation mode may be favoured by recent observations of the electron plus positron excess by FERMI and HESS.
description: 24 pages, 4 figures. Expanded discussion, conclusions unchanged. Version to be published in Physical Review D
Mafic-hosted zinc mineralisation, High Point, western Tasmania
Creators: name: Hine, RD
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The High Point prospect is located on the northern slopes of Mount Charter in western Tasmania within the Que-Hellyer Volcanics of the Cambrian Mount Read Volcanic belt. The main lithologies include intrusive sub-ophitic dolerite, pyritic black shales, andesite dykes and sills, coherent basalt units, basalt breccias, dacite lavas and dacite breccias. The prehnitepumpellyite grade of metamorphism recognised in the area is attributed to the Devonian Tabberabberan Orogeny. The structure of the area is dominated by N.E.-plunging synclines and by the Henty Fault zone to the east of the region, and the Mount Charter fault immediately to the southwest of the study area. The previously enigmatic High Point dolerites are now considered to be broadly comagmatic with the upper basalts of the Que Hellyer Volcanics based on geologic relationships and geochemical analyses. Similarly, andesite units in the area are geochemical equivalents of the hornblende andesites of the southern Central Volcanic Complex. Dacites units in the High Point region correlate with the 'mixed sequence' dacites of the Que-Hellyer Volcanics (part of suite Ill of Crawford et al., 1992). Alteration of the High Point lithologies is considered to be a low intensity, low temperature equivalent of VHMS-related alteration at the Que River and Hellyer massive sulphide deposits. Typical alteration assemblages, considered to be Cambrian, include; silicasericite in dacites, chlorite in basalts, sericite-fuchsite in the upper basalts and silica-albite in the andesites. Epidote alteration overprints the Cambrian alteration assemblages and is likely to be related to the Devonian Tabberabberan Orogeny. The High Point prospect contains low grade, disseminated sphalerite mineralisation which occurs as fine-grained anhedral masses associated with minor galena and pyrite, and is predominantly hosted within the basalts and andesites. Lead isotope data suggests that the disseminated mineralisation is Cambrian and has a target signature similar to that of the Que River massive sulphide deposit, Zn ratios also indicate that the mineralisation is Cambrian VHMS style. Vein style sphalerite mineralisation is associated with minor pyrite, galena, iii chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite and is attributed to remobilisation during the Devonian Tabberabberan Orogeny. The heat source for the Cambrian mineralisation and alteration is interpreted to be related to the emplacement of the andesite dykes and sills. Hydrothermal fluids have preferentially precipitated sphalerite within the ba~alts and andesites, particularly below the contact of the Que River Shale. The Que River Shale has behaved as a chemical trap for the mineralised hydrothermal fluids. The mineralisation is currently subeconomic however, potential exists for economic mineralisation deeper within the stratigraphic sequence.
Computing symmetric rank for symmetric tensors
Creators: name: Bernardi, A.
name: Gimigliano, A.
name: Idà, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14N05, 13P05, 14J26

description: We consider the problem of determining the symmetric tensor rank for symmetric tensors with an algebraic geometry approach. We give algorithms for computing the symmetric rank for $2\times ... \times 2$ tensors and for tensors of small border rank. From a geometric point of view, we describe the symmetric rank strata for some secant varieties of Veronese varieties.
description: Journal of Symbolic Computation
Jet Production in ep Collisions at Low Q^2 and Determination of alpha_s
Creators: name: The H1 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of jets is studied in deep-inelastic e+p scattering at low negative four momentum transfer squared 5
description: 34 pages, 12 figures, updated version accepted by journal
$$ excitation function: Freeze-out and equation of state dependence
Creators: name: Petersen, Hannah
name: Steinheimer, Jan
name: Bleicher, Marcus
name: Stoecker, Horst
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An integrated Boltzmann+hydrodynamics transport approach is applied to investigate the dependence of the mean transverse mass on the freeze-out and the equation of state over the energy range from $E_{\rm lab}=2-160A $GeV. This transport approach based on the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) with an intermediate hydrodynamic stage allows for a systematic comparison without adjusting parameters. We find that the multiplicities of pions and protons are rather insensitive to different freeze-out prescriptions and changes in the equation of state, but the yields are slightly reduced in the hybrid model calculation compared to a pure transport calculation while the (anti)kaon multiplicities are increased. The mean transverse mass excitation functions of all three particle species are found to be sensitive to the different freeze-out treatments as well as to the equation of state. We find that the bag model equation of state with a strong first order phase transition is in qualitative agreement with the experimentally observed step-like behaviour in the < m_T > excitation function. The hybrid model with a hadron gas equation of state leads to a overestimation of the < m_T >, especially at higher energies. However, non-equilibrium effects seem also to be substantial as is suggested by the comparison with standard UrQMD results.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, discussion extended, final version to appaer in J. Phys. G
Generalized Milankovitch Cycles and Longterm Climatic Habitability
Creators: name: Spiegel, David S.
name: Raymond, Sean N.
name: Dressing, Courtney D.
name: Scharf, Caleb A.
name: Mitchell, Jonathan L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although the Earth's orbit is never far from circular, terrestrial planets around other stars might experience substantial changes in eccentricity that could lead to climate changes, including possible "phase transitions" such as the snowball transition (or its opposite). There is evidence that Earth has gone through at least one globally frozen, "snowball" state in the last billion years, which it is thought to have exited after several million years because global ice-cover shut off the carbonate-silicate cycle, thereby allowing greenhouse gases to build up to sufficient concentration to melt the ice. Due to the positive feedback caused by the high albedo of snow and ice, susceptibility to falling into snowball states might be a generic feature of water-rich planets with the capacity to host life. This paper has two main thrusts. First, we revisit one-dimensional energy balance climate models as tools for probing possible climates of exoplanets, investigate the dimensional scaling of such models, and introduce a simple algorithm to treat the melting of the ice layer on a globally-frozen planet. We show that if a terrestrial planet undergoes Milankovitch-like oscillations of eccentricity that are of great enough magnitude, it could melt out of a snowball state. Second, we examine the kinds of variations of eccentricity that a terrestrial planet might experience due to the gravitational influence of a giant companion. We show that a giant planet on a sufficiently eccentric orbit can excite extreme eccentricity oscillations in the orbit of a habitable terrestrial planet. More generally, these two results demonstrate that the longterm habitability (and astronomical observables) of a terrestrial planet can depend on the detailed architecture of the planetary system in which it resides.
description: references added, Fig. 2 updated, accepted by ApJ
Large time behavior and asymptotic stability of the two-dimensional Euler and linearized Euler equations
Creators: name: Bouchet, Freddy
name: Morita, Hidetoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the asymptotic behavior and the asymptotic stability of the two-dimensional Euler equations and of the two-dimensional linearized Euler equations close to parallel flows. We focus on spectrally stable jet profiles $U(y)$ with stationary streamlines $y_{0}$ such that $U'(y_{0})=0$, a case that has not been studied previously. We describe a new dynamical phenomenon: the depletion of the vorticity at the stationary streamlines. An unexpected consequence, is that the velocity decays for large times with power laws, similarly to what happens in the case of the Orr mechanism for base flows without stationary streamlines. The asymptotic behaviors of velocity and the asymptotic profiles of vorticity are theoretically predicted and compared with direct numerical simulations. We argue on the asymptotic stability of these flow velocities even in the absence of any dissipative mechanisms.
description: To be published in Physica D, nonlinear phenomena (accepted January 2010)
Taming Density Functional Theory by Coarse-Graining
Creators: name: Lammert, Paul E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Q99

description: The standard (``fine-grained'') interpretation of quantum density functional theory, in which densities are specified with infinitely-fine spatial resolution, is mathematically unruly. Here, a coarse-grained version of DFT, featuring limited spatial resolution, and its relation to the fine-grained theory in the $L^1\cap L^3$ formulation of Lieb, is studied, with the object of showing it to be not only mathematically well-behaved, but consonant with the spirit of DFT, practically (computationally) adequate and sufficiently close to the standard interpretation as to accurately reflect its non-pathological properties. The coarse-grained interpretation is shown to be a good model of formal DFT in the sense that: all densities are (ensemble)-V-representable; the intrinsic energy functional $F$ is a continuous function of the density and the representing external potential is the (directional) functional derivative of the intrinsic energy. Also, the representing potential $v[ρ]$ is quasi-continuous, in that $v[ρ]ρ$ is continuous as a function of $ρ$. The limit of coarse-graining scale going to zero is studied to see if convergence to the non-pathological aspects of the fine-grained theory is adequate to justify regarding coarse-graining as a good approximation. Suitable limiting behaviors or intrinsic energy, densities and representing potentials are found. Intrinsic energy converges monotonically, coarse-grained densities converge uniformly strongly to their low-intrinsic-energy fine-grainings, and $L^{3/2}+L^\infty$ representability of a density is equivalent to the existence of a convergent sequence of coarse-grained potential/ground-state density pairs.
description: All sections have been revised at least a little, but the significant technical improvements are in section 6
Novel Combinative Therapy and Integration of Circulating Tumour DNA(ctDNA)Analysis in the Management of Colorectal Cancer
Creators: name: Lee, Cha Len
Publisher: name: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: 111204 Cancer Therapy (excl. Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Background: Drug resistance is the main factor limiting the efficacy of anticancer therapies. Combinative therapies are superior to monotherapies. Understanding the tumour heterogeneity and mechanisms that contribute toward resistance is a key element in personalised medicine. Herein, we aim to discover a novel combinative therapy and expand the applications of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods: We explored the in vitro efficacy of two drug combinations [Palbociclib with Gedatolisib (P+G) and Palbociclib with PD0325901 (P+PD)]in five CRC cell lines with different mutational status. Moreover, we analysed ctDNA and tumour samples from 10 non-metastatic rectal cancer patients during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT).
Results: A synergistic response to treatment with the combination of P+G is seen in all cell lines [CI range=0.10-0.85]. A synergistic response to treatment with the combination of P+PD is also seen in all cell lines [CI range=0.07-0.55], apart from LS411N [CI=not reached]. Using Reverse Phase Protein Arrays (RPPA), we observed a significant suppression of S6rp(S240/244) in all cell lines treated with the combination of P+G, without AKT reactivation. This indicated efficient inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, even in PIK3CA-mutated cell lines. The combination of P+G induced BAX and BCL-2 in PIK3CA-mutatedcell lines. Using ctDNA to identify and monitor changes in mutations over the course of NACRT, we identified additional nonsynchronous mutations which were not identified in tumour samples using next generation sequencing (NGS). Patients without pathological complete response (pCR) following NACRT had elevated KRAS levels in ctDNA during treatment and post-operatively, indicating the potential for ctDNA to monitor and evaluate response to standard and novel therapies.
Conclusion: Our data supports further in vivo evaluation of P+G combinative therapy for clinical development in chemorefractory metastatic CRC. S6rp(S240/244) may be a promising biomarker of response to this drug combination. Serial ctDNA is explorable and potentially impactful in the management of CRC.
Completed representation ring spectra of nilpotent groups
Creators: name: Lawson, Tyler
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P60, 19A22, 55P43

description: In this paper, we examine the `derived completion' of the representation ring of a pro-p group G_p^ with respect to an augmentation ideal. This completion is no longer a ring: it is a spectrum with the structure of a module spectrum over the Eilenberg-MacLane spectrum HZ, and can have higher homotopy information. In order to explain the origin of some of these higher homotopy classes, we define a deformation representation ring functor R[-] from groups to ring spectra, and show that the map R[G_p^] --> R[G] becomes an equivalence after completion when G is finitely generated nilpotent. As an application, we compute the derived completion of the representation ring of the simplest nontrivial case, the p-adic Heisenberg group.
description: This is the version published by Algebraic & Geometric Topology on 26 February 2006
Additional file 2 of CK2 alpha prime and alpha-synuclein pathogenic functional interaction mediates synaptic dysregulation in huntington’s disease
Creators: name: Yu, Dahyun
name: Zarate, Nicole
name: White, Angel
name: Coates, De’jah
name: Tsai, Wei
name: Nanclares, Carmen
name: Cuccu, Francesco
name: Yue, Johnny S.
name: Brown, Taylor G.
name: Mansky, Rachel H.
name: Jiang, Kevin
name: Kim, Hyuck
name: Nichols-Meade, Tessa
name: Larson, Sarah N.
name: Gundry, Katherine
name: Zhang, Ying
name: Tomas-Zapico, Cristina
name: Lucas, Jose J.
name: Benneyworth, Michael
name: Öz, Gülin
name: Cvetanovic, Marija
name: Araque, Alfonso
name: Gomez-Pastor, Rocio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Deficiency in CK2α’ expression does not affect MSN abundance but does influence synaptic genes. a, b, Representative images show the labeling of Ctip2 (a) and quantitative analysis (b) from striatum of zQ175 and zQ175:CK2α’(+/-) mice (n = 3 mice/genotype, at least 3 images averaged/mouse). Scale bar, 50 µm. c, mRNA levels assessed by RT-qPCR of Drd1 and Drd2 (striatal MSN markers), Darpp32 and PSD95 in the striatum of 12 months old mice (n=4 mice/genotype). Error bars denote mean ± SD, values were analyzed by Student’s t-test. p-values <0.05 for differences between groups are indicated in each graph. n.s = not significant.
About the temperature of moving bodies
Creators: name: Biró, T. S.
name: Ván, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relativistic thermodynamics is constructed from the point of view of special relativistic hydrodynamics. A relativistic four-current for heat and a general treatment of thermal equilibrium between moving bodies is presented. The different temperature transformation formulas of Planck and Einstein, Ott, Landsberg and Doppler appear upon particular assumptions about internal heat current.
description: revised, 11 pages, 5 figures
Toolbox of resonant quantum gates in Circuit QED
Creators: name: Haack, G.
name: Helmer, F.
name: Mariantoni, M.
name: Marquardt, F.
name: Solano, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the implementation of fast resonant gates in circuit quantum electrodynamics for quantum information processing. We show how a suitable utilization of three-level superconducting qubits inside a resonator constitutes a key tool to perform diverse two-qubit resonant gates, improving the operation speed when compared to slower dispersive techniques. To illustrate the benefit of resonant two-qubit gates in circuit QED, we consider the implementation of a two-dimensional cluster state in an array of N x N superconducting qubits by using resonant controlled-phase (CPHASE) and one-qubit gates, where the generation time grows linearly with N. For N=3, and taking into account decoherence mechanisms, a fidelity over 60% for the generation of this cluster state is obtained.
description: 6 pages
Dirac gaugino as leptophilic dark matter
Creators: name: Chun, Eung Jin
name: Park, Jong-Chul
name: Scopel, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the leptophilic properties of Dirac gauginos in an R--symmetric N=2 supersymmetric model with extended gauge and Higgs sectors. The annihilation of Dirac gauginos to leptons requires no chirality flip in the final states so that it is not suppressed as in the Majorana case. This implies that it can be sizable enough to explain the positron excess observed by the PAMELA experiment with moderate or no boost factors. When squark masses are heavy, the annihilation of Dirac gauginos to hadrons is controlled by their Higgsino fraction and is driven by the $hZ$ and $W^+W^-$ final states. Moreover, at variance with the Majorana case, Dirac gauginos with a non-vanishing higgsino fraction can also have a vector coupling with the $Z$ gauge boson leading to a sizable spin--independent scattering cross section off nuclei. Saturating the current antiproton limit, we show that Dirac gauginos can leave a signal in direct detection experiments at the level of the sensitivity of dark matter searches at present and in the near future.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures, typos corrected, final version published on JCAP
Hypothesis: Entrapment of lipoprotein particles in the brain causes Alzheimer’s disease
Creators: name: Boche, Delphine
name: Nicoll, James AR
Publisher: name: Free Neuropathology
Year: 2021

description: We present for consideration a hypothesis that impaired movement of lipoprotein particles in the extracellular space in the brain in ageing is central to and causes all the key pathophysiological features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The role of lipoprotein particles is to transport cholesterol from glial cells, where it is synthesised, to neurons, which require cholesterol for synaptic plasticity. The lipoprotein particles have a cholesterol-containing hydrophobic core, in which amyloid-β (Aβ) can be solubilised. The core is surrounded by a hydrophilic surface containing apolipoprotein E (APOE) which, as neurons bear receptors for APOE, determines the destination of the particles. The problem arises because the extracellular space is a narrow cleft, barely wider than the lipoprotein particles themselves, which they have to navigate in order to perform their crucial cholesterol-transporting function. We explain how lipoprotein particles could become trapped in the ageing extracellular matrix and that this primary abnormality results in reduced delivery of cholesterol to neurons leading to impaired synaptic plasticity, crucial for learning and memory. It can also explain extracellular Aβ accumulation, to which a microglial response generates a neurotoxic reaction, and intraneuronal tau aggregation, each of which exacerbate the problem. All these players have been known for many years to be important in Alzheimer’s pathogenesis but a single unifying mechanism to explain how they are linked has been lacking. This proposed mechanism, with entrapment of lipoproteins particles as key to the development of AD, can explain the failure of so many clinical trials and points out new directions to be taken.
description: Free Neuropathology, Vol. 2 (2021)
A Second Case of Variable Na I D Lines in a Highly-Reddened Type Ia Supernova (with Erratum)
Creators: name: Blondin, S.
name: Prieto, J. L.
name: Patat, F.
name: Challis, P.
name: Hicken, M.
name: Kirshner, R. P.
name: Matheson, T.
name: Modjaz, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Original) Recent high-resolution spectra of the Type Ia SN 2006X have revealed the presence of time-variable and blueshifted Na I D features, interpreted by Patat et al. as originating in circumstellar material within the progenitor system. The variation seen in SN 2006X induces relatively large changes in the total Na I D equivalent width ($Δ\rm{EW}\approx 0.5 \unicode{x212B}$ in just over two weeks), that would be detectable at lower resolutions. We have used a large data set comprising 2400 low-resolution spectra of 450 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) obtained by the CfA Supernova Program to search for variable Na I D features. Out of the 31 SNe Ia (including SN 2006X) in which we could have detected similar EW variations, only one other (SN 1999cl) shows variable Na I D features, with an even larger change over a similar ~10-day timescale ($Δ\rm{EW} = 1.66 \pm 0.21 \unicode{x212B}$). Interestingly, both SN 1999cl and SN 2006X are the two most highly-reddened objects in our sample, raising the possibility that the variability is connected to dusty environments. (Erratum) The large variation in the Na I D equivalent width observed in SN 1999cl results in fact from a measurement error. Our new measurements show that the EW variation is significantly lower, at $0.43 \pm 0.14 \unicode{x212B}$. While the EW variation remains statistically significant (3.1$σ$ different from zero), it is now below the detection threshold of 0.5 $\unicode{x212B}$ derived from the Monte Carlo simulations published in the original paper. As a result, SN 1999cl should no longer be considered as an object displaying variable Na I D lines in our study. The fraction of SNe Ia in our sample displaying Na I D lines thus goes from $\sim$6% (2/31) in the original study to $\sim$3% (1/31) in the revised analysis, SN 2006X being the only SN Ia in our sample with variable Na I D lines.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures (original paper); 6 pages, 6 figures (Erratum). ApJ, accepted
OPTI[PIDa]MUS PRIME: Making the Ideal PID using the ISO Principles of Identification
Creators: name: Carpenter, Todd A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Identifcation
ISO
Standards

description: Presentation at the PIDapalooza Conference 2021 on January 27 by Todd Carpenter.

 A discusison of the ISO Principles of Identification (ISO DTR 22943), which is in development by ISO TC 46/SC 9/WG 16.
Different climate sensitivity for radial growth, but uniform for tree-ring stable isotopes along an aridity gradient in Polylepis tarapacana, the world’s highest elevation tree-species
Creators: Rodriguez-Caton, Milagros
Andreu Hayles, Laia
Morales, Mariano S.
Daux, Valérie
Christie, Duncan A.
Coopman, Rafael
Alvarez, Claudio
Rao, Mukund Palat
Aliste, Diego
Flores, Felipe
Villalba, Ricardo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Trees--Growth
Trees--Growth--Environmental aspects
Tree-rings
Polylepis
Climatic changes

description: Tree growth is generally considered to be temperature limited at upper elevation treelines, yet climate factors controlling tree growth at semiarid treelines are poorly understood. We explored the influence of climate on stem growth and stable isotopes for Polylepis tarapacana Philipi, the world’s highest elevation tree species, which is found only in the South American Altiplano. We developed tree-ring width index (RWI), oxygen (δ¹⁸O) and carbon (δ¹³C) chronologies for the last 60 years at four P. tarapacana stands located above 4400 m in elevation, along a 500 km latitude aridity gradient. Total annual precipitation decreased from 300 to 200 mm from the northern to the southern sites. We used RWI as a proxy of wood formation (carbon sink) and isotopic tree-ring signatures as proxies of leaf-level gas exchange processes (carbon source). We found distinct climatic conditions regulating carbon sink processes along the gradient. Current growing-season temperature regulated RWI at northern-wetter sites, while prior growing-season precipitation determined RWI at arid southern sites. This suggests that the relative importance of temperature to precipitation in regulating tree growth is driven by site water availability. By contrast, warm and dry growing seasons resulted in enriched tree-ring δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O at all study sites, suggesting that similar climate conditions control carbon-source processes along the gradient. Site-level δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O chronologies were significantly and positively related at all sites, with the strongest relationships among the southern drier stands. This indicates an overall regulation of intercellular carbon dioxide via stomatal conductance for the entire P. tarapacana network, with greater stomatal control when aridity increases. This manuscript also highlights a coupling (decoupling) between physiological processes at leaf level and wood formation as a function of similarities (differences) in their climatic sensitivity. This study contributes to a better understanding and prediction of the response of high-elevation Polylepis woodlands to rapid climate changes and projected drying in the Altiplano.
Kosmologie des Toilettengangs
Creators: name: Alkemeyer, Thomas
name: Buschmann, Nikolaus
name: Hamborg, Steffen
name: Sulmowski, Jędrzej
Publisher: name: Soziologie und Nachhaltigkeit
Year: 2021

description: Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Bedeutung des Imaginären einer nachhaltigen Zukunft für die Hervorbringung ‚transformativer Gemeinschaften‘ als Kollektivsubjekte und geht den Ambivalenzen dieser kollektiven Subjektivierung nach. Er zeigt auf der Basis einer ethnographischen Studie, wie sich ein Öko-Dorf als ein Kosmos der Entwicklung nachhaltiger Lebensweisen entwirft und das Imaginäre einer besseren Zukunft bereits im Hier und Jetzt als einen Nexus von Infrastrukturen, soziomateriellen Arrangements, Diskursen und Praktiken öffentlich aufführt. Dabei wird das Imaginäre anhand von drei miteinander verschränkten Dimensionen beschrieben: Erstens bedarf es eines gemeinsam anerkannten Bezugsproblems, das im alltäglichen (Zusammen-)Leben immer wieder aufs Neue als existentiell markiert, erlebbar gemacht und affektiv aufgeladen wird. Zweitens wird bereits in der gegenwärtigen Praxis eine Zukunft antizipiert, in der dieses Bezugsproblem gelöst ist. Drittens muss die Kontingenz dieses gesellschaftlichen Imaginären operativ verkannt werden, damit das Selbstverständnis, die Einheitsfiktion und die Handlungsfähigkeit als Kollektivsubjekt einer alternativen Lebensform dauerhaft erhalten bleiben. Dies wirft Fragen nach der gesellschaftlichen Anschlussfähigkeit und den ambivalenten Wirkungen solcher Initiativen auf. The following article elaborates how the imaginary of a sustainable future pervades the creation of ,transformative communities’ as collective subjects and asks for the ambivalences of this collective subjectivation. Drawing on an ethnographic study we show how an eco-village projects itself as a cosmos of the design and development of sustainable lifestyles and how it publicly performs the imaginary of a better future here and now as a nexus of infrastructures, socio-material arrangements, discourses and practices. We describe this imaginary by three mutually entwined dimensions: Firstly, the imaginary relies on a collectively acknowledged problem of reference that continuously needs to be affectively charged, made tangible and marked as existential. Secondly, a future in which this problem of reference is solved is already anticipated in pre­s­ent practice. Thirdly, the historical contingency of the social imaginary has to be operatively misconceived in order that the self-conception, the fiction of unity, and the capacity to act as collective subject of an alternative form of life are permanently preserved. This raises questions about the social connectivity and the ambivalent effects of such initiatives. (peer reviewed)
description: Soziologie und Nachhaltigkeit, Vol. 7 No. 2 (2021): Politik der Nachhaltigkeit: Subjekt - Macht - Kritik
Silicon Photo-Multiplier radiation hardness tests with a beam controlled neutron source
Creators: name: Angelone, M.
name: Pillon, M.
name: Faccini, R.
name: Pinci, D.
name: Baldini, W.
name: Calabrese, R.
name: Cibinetto, G.
name: Ramusino, A. Cotta
name: Malaguti, R.
name: Pozzati, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report radiation hardness tests performed at the Frascati Neutron Generator on silicon Photo-Multipliers, semiconductor photon detectors built from a square matrix of avalanche photo-diodes on a silicon substrate. Several samples from different manufacturers have been irradiated integrating up to 7x10^10 1-MeV-equivalent neutrons per cm^2. Detector performances have been recorded during the neutron irradiation and a gradual deterioration of their properties was found to happen already after an integrated fluence of the order of 10^8 1-MeV-equivalent neutrons per cm^2.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, Submitted to Nucl. Inst. Meth. A
The Subleading Term of the Strong Coupling Expansion of the Heavy-Quark Potential in a $\mathcal N=4$ Super Yang-Mills Vacuum
Creators: name: Chu, Shao-xia
name: Hou, Defu
name: Ren, Hai-cang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Applying the AdS/CFT correspondence, the expansion of the heavy-quark potential of the ${\cal N}=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory at large $N_c$ is carried out to the sub-leading term in the large 't Hooft coupling at zero temperature. The strong coupling corresponds to the semi-classical expansion of the string-sigma model, the gravity dual of the Wilson loop operator, with the sub-leading term expressed in terms of functional determinants of fluctuations. The singularities of these determinants are examined and their contributions are evaluated numerically.
description: Updated version with minor typo corrections and new references
Yang-Mills Equations of Motion for the Higgs Sector of SU(3)-Equivariant Quiver Gauge Theories
Creators: name: Rahn, Thorsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider SU(3)-equivariant dimensional reduction of Yang-Mills theory on spaces of the form R x SU(3)/H, with H equals either SU(2) x U(1) or U(1) x U(1). For the corresponding quiver gauge theory we derive the equations of motion and construct some specific solutions for the Higgs fields using different gauge groups. Specifically we choose the gauge groups U(6) and U(8) for the space R x CP^2 as well as the gauge group U(3) for the space R x SU(3)/U(1)xU(1), and derive Yang-Mills equations for the latter one using a spin connection endowed with a non-vanishing torsion. We find that a specific value for the torsion is necessary in order to obtain non-trivial solutions of Yang-Mills equations. Finally, we take the space R x CP^1 x CP^2 and derive the equations of motion for the Higgs sector for a U(3m+3) gauge theory.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures; v2: figures added, references updated, published version (JMP)
DEP Bulletin: Volume 45 Issue 20
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: The DEP bulletin is a semi-monthly publication of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. It contains a list of construction permit applications recently filed or acted upon by the Department along with a calendar of events of interest, a schedule of public hearings, and Environmental Impact Statements acted upon during the period.
Abelian Gauge Fluxes and Local Models in F-Theory
Creators: name: Chung, Yu-Chieh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the Abelian gauge fluxes in local F-theory models with G_S=SU(6) and SO(10). For the case of G_S=SO(10), there is a no-go theorem which states that for an exotic-free spectrum, there are no solutions for U(1)^2 gauge fluxes. We explicitly construct the U(1)^2 gauge fluxes with an exotic-free bulk spectrum for the case of G_S=SU(6). We also analyze the conditions for the curves supporting the given field content and discuss non-minimal spectra of the MSSM with doublet-triplet splitting.
description: 43 pages, 15 tables; typos corrected, reference added
Invariants, cohomology, and automorphic forms of higher order
Creators: name: Deitmar, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A general structure theorem on higher order invariants is proven. For an arithmetic group, the structure of the corresponding Hecke module is determined. It is shown that the module does not contain any irreducible submodule. This explains the fact that L-functions of higher order forms have no Euler-product. Higher order cohomology is introduced, classical results of Borel are generalized and a higher order version of Borel's conjecture is stated.
description: Selecta Mathematica 2012. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0805.0703
Low magnetization and anisotropy in the antiferromagnetic state of undoped iron pnictides
Creators: name: Bascones, E.
name: Calderon, M. J.
name: Valenzuela, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the magnetic phase diagram of iron pnictides using a five band model. For the intermediate values of the interaction expected to hold in the iron pnictides, we find a metallic low moment state characterized by antiparallel orbital magnetic moments. The anisotropy of the interorbital hopping amplitudes is the key to understanding this low moment state. This state accounts for the small magnetization measured in undoped iron pnictides and leads to the strong exchange anisotropy found in neutron experiments. Orbital ordering is concomitant with magnetism and produces the large zx orbital weight seen at Gamma in photoemission experiments.
description: 4 pages, 4 eps figures. Small changes in the text. Modification of colors in Figs. Final version as accepted in PRL
Noether symmetries, energy-momentum tensors and conformal invariance in classical field theory
Creators: name: Pons, Josep M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of classical field theory, we first review the Noether theory of symmetries, with simple rederivations of its essential results, with special emphasis given to the Noether identities for gauge theories. Will this baggage on board, we next discuss in detail, for Poincaré invariant theories in flat spacetime, the differences between the Belinfante energy-momentum tensor and a family of Hilbert energy-momentum tensors. All these tensors coincide on shell but they split their duties in the following sense: Belinfante's tensor is the one to use in order to obtain the generators of Poincaré symmetries and it is a basic ingredient of the generators of other eventual spacetime symmetries which may happen to exist. Instead, Hilbert tensors are the means to test whether a theory contains other spacetime symmetries beyond Poincaré. We discuss at length the case of scale and conformal symmetry, of which we give some examples. We show, for Poincaré invariant Lagrangians, that the realization of scale invariance selects a unique Hilbert tensor which allows for an easy test as to whether conformal invariance is also realized. Finally we make some basic remarks on metric generally covariant theories and classical field theory in a fixed curved bakground.
description: 31 pag
Gutekunst, Katharina: Die Freiheit des Subjekts bei Schleiermacher. Eine Analyse im Horizont der Debatte um die Willensfreiheit in der analytischen Philosophie
Creators: name: Blum, Matthias
Publisher: name: Theologische Revue
Year: 2021

description: Theologische Revue, Vol. 117 (2021): Oktober
Gene flow from introduced Eucalyptus plantations into native eucalypt species
Creators: name: Barbour, RC
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: There has been a massive expansion of Eucalyptus plantations in Australia in the last decade. As most eucalypt species are native to Australia, this has raised concerns about genetic pollution of native species gene pools. To assess the risk of genetic pollution, five key aspects of gene flow from E. nitens plantations in Tasmania were studied. Firstly, the pattern of pollen dispersal from plantations into native E. ovata forests was examined at three sites. The frequency of F1 hybrids among 119 000 progeny, grown from open-pollinated seed collected from E. ovata trees at varying distances from E. nitens plantations, was determined. A leptokurtic pattern of pollen flow was evident, with the mean level of hybridisation at the plantation boundaries (0-100 m) being 14%, dropping to 1% by 200-300 m and continuing at this level to the extent of the studied areas (max. 1600 m). Secondly, the first exotic E. ovata x nitens F1 hybrids actually established in the wild were discovered and verified using morphological and allozyme analyses. Thirdly, field trials were established to assess the fitness of the exotic E. ovata x nitens F1 hybrids in the wild. The hybrids displayed poorer early-age performance relative to their pure E. ovata half-sibs. However, many were still alive and growing successfully two years after planting. Fourthly, surveys of flowering time were conducted on native Symphyomyrtus species, which were potentially at risk of gene flow from plantations. This was combined with a spatial analysis of the proximity of eucalypt plantations to each native species, and used to produce an overall assessment of the potential for exotic hybridisation and gene flow. These results indicated that at least eight of the 16 Symphyomyrtus species in Tasmania appear to have significant potential for pollination by E. nitens, and will need further study. Finally, the crossability of E. nitens pollen on native female Symphyomyrtus species was assessed using artificial pollination techniques. A number of species did not produce hybrids with E. nitens, indicating that post-mating barriers may be acting to prevent hybridisation. Overall results suggest that the main risk of genetic pollution in Tasmania is limited to a few species. Of those species, the ability of first and later generation hybrids to survive to reproductive maturity and backcross with native populations, allowing the introgression of exotic genes, is yet to be assessed.
Dynamical Decompactification and Three Large Dimensions
Creators: name: Greene, Brian
name: Kabat, Dan
name: Marnerides, Stefanos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study string gas dynamics in the early universe and seek to realize the Brandenberger - Vafa mechanism - a goal that has eluded earlier works - that singles out three or fewer spatial dimensions as the number which grow large cosmologically. Considering wound string interactions in an impact parameter picture, we show that a strong exponential suppression in the interaction rates for d > 3 spatial dimensions reflects the classical argument that string worldsheets generically intersect in at most four spacetime dimensions. This description is appropriate in the early universe if wound strings are heavy - wrapping long cycles - and diluted. We consider the dynamics of a string gas coupled to dilaton-gravity and find that a) for any number of dimensions the universe generically stays trapped in the Hagedorn regime and b) if the universe fluctuates to a radiation regime any residual winding modes are diluted enough so that they freeze-out in d > 3 large dimensions while they generically annihilate for d = 3. In this sense the Brandenberger-Vafa mechanism is operative.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures, minor changes, updated figures, as will appear in Phys.Rev.D