cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Preformed Cooper pairs in flat-band semimetals
Creators: name: Zyuzin, Alexander A.
name: Zyuzin, A. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study conditions for the emergence of the preformed Cooper pairs in materials hosting flat bands. As a particular example, we consider a semimetal, with a pair of three-band crossing points at which a flat band intersects with a Dirac cone, and focus on the s-wave intervalley pairing channel. The nearly dispersionless nature of the flat band at strong attraction between electrons promotes local Cooper pair formation so that the system may be modeled as an array of superconducting grains. Due to dispersive bands, Andreev scattering between the grains gives rise to the global phase-coherent superconductivity at low temperatures. We develop a mean-field theory to calculate transition temperature between the preformed Cooper pair state and the phase-coherent state for different interaction strengths in the Cooper channel. The transition temperature between semimetal and preformed Cooper pair phases is proportional to the interaction constant, the dependence of the transition temperature to the phase-coherent state on the interaction constant is weaker.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures; supplemental materials (12 pages)
title: Budd Chiari syndrome, an etiology to be evoked in chronic liver disease
Creators: name: JAZZAR, MOHAMED SALIM
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Cirrhosis
subject: Screening
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound-Spectral Doppler
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: CT
subject: Veins / Vena cava
subject: Liver
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Recall the pathophysiology of chronic Budd Chiari syndrome. Illustrate the sonography Doppler ultrasound and CT findings scan that allow linking a chronic liver disease to a budd chiari...
Secure Routing Path Using Trust Values for Wireless Sensor Networks
Creators: name: Rajaram, S.
name: Karuppiah, A. Babu
name: Kumar, K. Vinoth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Traditional cryptography-based security mechanisms such as authentication and authorization are not effective against insider attacks like wormhole, sinkhole, selective forwarding attacks, etc., Trust based approaches have been widely used to counter insider attacks in wireless sensor networks. It provides a quantitative way to evaluate the trustworthiness of sensor nodes. An untrustworthy node can wreak considerable damage and adversely affect the quality and reliability of data. Therefore, analysing the trust level of a node is important. In this paper we focused about indirect trust mechanism, in which each node monitors the forwarding behavior of its neighbors in order to detect any node that behaves selfishly and does not forward the packets it receives. For this, we used a link state routing protocol based indirect trusts which forms the shortest route and finds the best trustworthy route among them by comparing the values of all the calculated route trusts as for each route present in the network. And finally, we compare our work with similar routing protocols and show its advantages over them.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, International Journal on Cryptography and Information Security (IJCIS)
title: Thrombus length measured by NECT and angiographic techniques (CTA, DSA) and its relationship to recanalization rate and neurological outcome in patients showing MCA occlussion treated with mechanical thrombectomy with stent retrievers.
Creators: name: Escartín López, Jorge
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Embolism / Thrombosis
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Thrombolysis
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: CT
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: CNS

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Although IV thrombolysis results have shown to be related to thrombus length, we don't have so much information about thrombus length influence on recanalization rate and neurological outcome after mechanical thrombectomy with stent retrievers. We...
Some examples of quenched self-averaging in models with Gaussian disorder
Creators: name: Chen, Wei-Kuo
name: Panchenko, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K35, 82B44

description: In this paper we give an elementary approach to several results of Chatterjee in arXiv:0907.3381 and arXiv:1404.7178, as well as some generalizations. First, we prove quenched disorder chaos for the bond overlap in the Edwards-Anderson type models with Gaussian disorder. The proof extends to systems at different temperatures and covers a number of other models, such as the mixed $p$-spin model, Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model with multi-dimensional spins and diluted $p$-spin model. Next, we adapt the same idea to prove quenched self-averaging of the bond magnetization for one system and use it to show quenched self-averaging of the site overlap for random field models with positively correlated spins. Finally, we show self-averaging for certain modifications of the random field itself.
description: 17 pages
Socially Supervised Representation Learning: the Role of Subjectivity in Learning Efficient Representations
Creators: name: Taylor, Julius
name: Nisioti, Eleni
name: Moulin-Frier, Clément
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite its rise as a prominent solution to the data inefficiency of today's machine learning models, self-supervised learning has yet to be studied from a purely multi-agent perspective. In this work, we propose that aligning internal subjective representations, which naturally arise in a multi-agent setup where agents receive partial observations of the same underlying environmental state, can lead to more data-efficient representations. We propose that multi-agent environments, where agents do not have access to the observations of others but can communicate within a limited range, guarantees a common context that can be leveraged in individual representation learning. The reason is that subjective observations necessarily refer to the same subset of the underlying environmental states and that communication about these states can freely offer a supervised signal. To highlight the importance of communication, we refer to our setting as \textit{socially supervised representation learning}. We present a minimal architecture comprised of a population of autoencoders, where we define loss functions, capturing different aspects of effective communication, and examine their effect on the learned representations. We show that our proposed architecture allows the emergence of aligned representations. The subjectivity introduced by presenting agents with distinct perspectives of the environment state contributes to learning abstract representations that outperform those learned by a single autoencoder and a population of autoencoders, presented with identical perspectives of the environment state. Altogether, our results demonstrate how communication from subjective perspectives can lead to the acquisition of more abstract representations in multi-agent systems, opening promising perspectives for future research at the intersection of representation learning and emergent communication.
An optimised deep spiking neural network architecture without gradients
Creators: name: Bethi, Yeshwanth
name: Xu, Ying
name: Cohen, Gregory
name: van Schaik, Andre
name: Afshar, Saeed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6; I.5.1

description: We present an end-to-end trainable modular event-driven neural architecture that uses local synaptic and threshold adaptation rules to perform transformations between arbitrary spatio-temporal spike patterns. The architecture represents a highly abstracted model of existing Spiking Neural Network (SNN) architectures. The proposed Optimized Deep Event-driven Spiking neural network Architecture (ODESA) can simultaneously learn hierarchical spatio-temporal features at multiple arbitrary time scales. ODESA performs online learning without the use of error back-propagation or the calculation of gradients. Through the use of simple local adaptive selection thresholds at each node, the network rapidly learns to appropriately allocate its neuronal resources at each layer for any given problem without using a real-valued error measure. These adaptive selection thresholds are the central feature of ODESA, ensuring network stability and remarkable robustness to noise as well as to the selection of initial system parameters. Network activations are inherently sparse due to a hard Winner-Take-All (WTA) constraint at each layer. We evaluate the architecture on existing spatio-temporal datasets, including the spike-encoded IRIS and TIDIGITS datasets, as well as a novel set of tasks based on International Morse Code that we created. These tests demonstrate the hierarchical spatio-temporal learning capabilities of ODESA. Through these tests, we demonstrate ODESA can optimally solve practical and highly challenging hierarchical spatio-temporal learning tasks with the minimum possible number of computing nodes.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
Development and optimization of analytical methods for the analysis of drugs in wastewater samples and chronic aquatic toxicity assessment of the Crustacea Copepoda Tigriopus fulvus
Creators: name: Coviello, Donatella
Publisher: name: Universita degli studi di Salerno
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: CHIM/01 CHIMICA ANALITICA

description: 2018 - 2019
description: Pharmaceutical compounds constitute one of the most important emerging classes of environmental pollutants. Recent studies have discovered their occurrence in environmental samples investigated worldwide, including different types of aqueous matrices. Drugs may be released into water sources and in the effluents from poorly controlled manufacturing or production facilities. In addition, the ubiquitous use of drugs has resulted in their relatively continuous discharge into wastewater, but conventional urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not able to efficiently remove most of these pollutants. Thus, pharmaceuticals in surface waters, groundwater and treated water have relatively low concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L. This work has the purpose of exploring electrochemical and liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric techniques for the analysis of several Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) and to assess the toxicological effects that some of these drugs have on aquatic organisms, such as Tigriopus fulvus (crustacea). First phase of this study (Part A) covered the development together with electrochemical and spectroscopic characterization of new modified electrodes, i.e. glassy carbon/graphene oxide/polyvinyl alcohol (GC/GO/PVA) and glassy carbon/Betaine/Platinum (GC/BE/Pt) electrodes... [edited by Author]
The Expanding and the Contracting Sectors of American Agriculture
Creators: name: Nikolitch, Radoje
name: Nikolitch, Radoje
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1965
Subjects: Production Economics
Productivity Analysis

description: Excerpt from the report Preface: This report is based mainly on data obtained from the Census of Agriculture for the period 1939-59. Census data were adjusted, however, in three main respects. First, value of sales (marketings) for all years considered were measured in terms of 1959 prices received by farmers. Second, data on number of farms, value of sales, and acreage for all years were (1) adapted to the 1959 census definition of a farm, (2) corrected for census undercounting, and (3) adjusted to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's aggregate estimates. Finally, farms were grouped by value of sales for various years before 1959, according to the interval limits of the value-of-sales grouping of farms in the 1959 Census of Agriculture.
title: Spine x-ray in trauma and degenerative pathology: How much information can you extract?
Creators: name: Moujir Sánchez, Alejandro
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Trauma
subject: Osteoporosis
subject: Education and training
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Digital radiography
subject: CT
subject: Trauma
subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: Musculoskeletal bone

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Review of the main semiology in traumatic and degenerative pathology in simple spine x-ray, and its correlation with TC/RM...
EXPLORING THE INTERPLAY OF BEHAVIORISM  AND QUANTUM PHYSICS - A UNIQUE CONNECTION
Creators: name: Brandl, Edenilson
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Behaviorism
subject: Environment
subject: Observer Effect
subject: Superposition
subject: Quantenphysik
subject: Behaviorismus
subject: Umwelt
subject: Beobachtereffekt
subject: Überlagerung

description: This article delves into the unlikely intersection of behaviorism and quantum physics, two seemingly disparate fields, to unearth the connection between environmental influences and the mysterious phenomenon of Wave Function Collapse. We begin by establishing a solid foundation for our exploration through a thorough review of the academic literature in both domains. It is imperative to define the fundamental terms and concepts within behaviorism and quantum physics to ensure clarity and comprehension throughout the discussion. By presenting case studies and examples that illustrate the connection between environmental influences on human behavior and the observation of quantum particles, we aim to shed light on this intriguing relationship. The article maintains a structured approach, consisting of an introduction, a comprehensive development of the subject matter, and a conclusive reflection to guide readers through this intricate yet captivating journey.
 
 
Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der unwahrscheinlichen Schnittstelle zwischen Behaviorismus und Quantenphysik, zwei scheinbar unterschiedlichen Bereichen, um den Zusammenhang zwischen Umwelteinflüssen und dem mysteriösen Phänomen des Wellenfunktionskollapses aufzudecken. Wir beginnen damit, durch eine gründliche Durchsicht der wissenschaftlichen Literatur in beiden Bereichen eine solide Grundlage für unsere Forschung zu schaffen. Es ist unbedingt erforderlich, die grundlegenden Begriffe und Konzepte des Behaviorismus und der Quantenphysik zu definieren, um während der gesamten Diskussion Klarheit und Verständnis zu gewährleisten. Durch die Präsentation von Fallstudien und Beispielen, die den Zusammenhang zwischen Umwelteinflüssen auf menschliches Verhalten und der Beobachtung von Quantenteilchen veranschaulichen, wollen wir diesen faszinierenden Zusammenhang beleuchten. Der Artikel verfolgt einen strukturierten Ansatz, der aus einer Einleitung, einer umfassenden Entwicklung des Themas und einer abschließenden Reflexion besteht, um den Leser durch diese komplexe und dennoch fesselnde Reise zu führen.
Topological classification of intrinsic 3D superconductors using anomalous surface construction
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhongyi
name: Ren, Jie
name: Qi, Yang
name: Fang, Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intrinsic topological superconductors have protected gapless Majorana modes, bound and/or propagating, at the natural boundaries of the sample, without requiring field, defect, or heterostructure. We establish the complete classification/construction of intrinsic topological superconductors jointly protected by point-group and time-reversal symmetries in three dimensions. This is obtained from enumerating distinct ways for stacking $n$th-order irreducible building blocks, minimal anomalous surface states of $n$th-order topological superconductors. Particularly, our method provides a unified description of possible surface anomalies away from high-symmetry points/lines in terms of the homotopy group of the surface mass field.
description: 43 pages, 9 figures, 6 tables
Direct Measurement of Magnetocaloric Effect in Metamagnetic Ni43Mn37.9In12.1Co7 Heusler Alloy
Creators: name: Kamantsev, A. P.
name: Koledov, V. V.
name: Mashirov, A. V.
name: Dilmieva, E. T.
name: Shavrov, V. G.
name: Cwik, J.
name: Tereshina, I. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetocaloric effect in the metamagnetic Ni43Mn37.9In12.1Co7 Heusler alloy is directly studied experimentally under the adiabatic and quasi-isothermal conditions in a magnetic field with induction of up to 14 T.
title: Diagnosing Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A case-based guide to the practical application of Li-RADS 2017 in CT and MRI.
Creators: name: Bell, Joshua
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Multidisciplinary cancer care
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Oncology
subject: Liver
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Aims What is LI-RADS and what are it's clinical applications? What has changed in LI-RADS 2017? Outline Clear explanation of how to use LI-RADS Multiple cases illustrating both the major and ancilliary features using MRI and CT Interactive - self...
High-Availability Clusters: A Taxonomy, Survey, and Future Directions
Creators: name: Somasekaram, Premathas
name: Calinescu, Radu
name: Buyya, Rajkumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The delivery of key services in domains ranging from finance and manufacturing to healthcare and transportation is underpinned by a rapidly growing number of mission-critical enterprise applications. Ensuring the continuity of these complex applications requires the use of software-managed infrastructures called high-availability clusters (HACs). HACs employ sophisticated techniques to monitor the health of key enterprise application layers and of the resources they use, and to seamlessly restart or relocate application components after failures. In this paper, we first describe the manifold uses of HACs to protect essential layers of a critical application and present the architecture of high availability clusters. We then propose a taxonomy that covers all key aspects of HACs -- deployment patterns, application areas, types of cluster, topology, cluster management, failure detection and recovery, consistency and integrity, and data synchronisation; and we use this taxonomy to provide a comprehensive survey of the end-to-end software solutions available for the HAC deployment of enterprise applications. Finally, we discuss the limitations and challenges of existing HAC solutions, and we identify opportunities for future research in the area.
description: Published in Journal of Systems and Software
D5.3 Roadmap for enhancing the pan-European operational and procedural capabilities for first aid response on multi-casualty disasters
Creators: name: Montarelo Navajo, Alberto
name: Martín Curto, Mª Carmen
name: Sierra Berrocal, Carlos
name: Bravo Montarelo, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: common practices
procedures
roadmaps

description: This D5.3 develops an analysis, prioritisation and programming for the development and adoption of new common practices and procedures, ultimately translated into EU-level roadmaps for the standardisation of first responder response in the EU market with different approaches: recognition, triage and crisis response planning, maintenance, logistics and deployment, command and control and operational decision support, common operational picture and alert and warning.
title: Reproducibility and comparison of right and left ventricular volume measurements between axial and short axis orientation by youth radiographer
Creators: name: Vasileva, Angelina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cardiac
subject: MR
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Image verification

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Determination of measurements errors of right (RV) and left (LV) ventricular volume measurements obtained in axial and short axis using Steady-State Free Precession (SSFP) and reproducibility intra- and inter-operator among young...
Inter-Rater Agreement Study on Readability Assessment in Bengali
Creators: name: Phani, Shanta
name: Lahiri, Shibamouli
name: Biswas, Arindam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An inter-rater agreement study is performed for readability assessment in Bengali. A 1-7 rating scale was used to indicate different levels of readability. We obtained moderate to fair agreement among seven independent annotators on 30 text passages written by four eminent Bengali authors. As a by product of our study, we obtained a readability-annotated ground truth dataset in Bengali. .
description: 6 pages, 4 tables, Accepted in ICCONAC, 2014
Social Co-OS: Cyber-Human Social Co-Operating System
Creators: name: Kato, Takeshi
name: Kudo, Yasuyuki
name: Miyakoshi, Junichi
name: Owa, Misa
name: Asa, Yasuhiro
name: Numata, Takashi
name: Mine, Ryuji
name: Mizuno, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: J.4; K.4; D.4.7

description: The novel concept of a Cyber-Human Social System (CHSS) and a diverse and pluralistic 'mixed-life society' is proposed, wherein cyber and human societies commit to each other. This concept enhances the Cyber-Physical System (CPS), which is associated with the current Society 5.0, a social vision realised through the fusion of cyber (virtual) and physical (real) spaces following information society (Society 4.0 and Industry 4.0). Moreover, the CHSS enhances the Human-CPS, the Human-in-the-Loop CPS (HiLCPS), and the Cyber-Human System by intervening in individual behaviour pro-socially and supporting consensus building. As a form of architecture that embodies the CHSS concept, the Cyber-Human Social Co-Operating System (Social Co-OS) that combines cyber and human societies is shown. In this architecture, the cyber and human systems cooperate through the fast loop (operation and administration) and slow loop (consensus and politics). Furthermore, the technical content and current implementation of the basic functions of the Social Co-OS are described. These functions consist of individual behavioural diagnostics, interventions in the fast loop, group decision diagnostics and consensus building in the slow loop. Subsequently, this system will contribute to mutual aid communities and platform cooperatives.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures. see https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1049/cps2.12037
Circular RNA circ_0001162 promotes cell proliferation and invasion of glioma via the miR-936/ERBB4 axis
Creators: name: Zhou, Dexiang
name: Lin, Xiaofeng
name: Wang, Peng
name: Yang, Yong
name: Zheng, Jiantao
name: Zhou, Dong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The biological modulatory roles of many circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been validated in glioma. The current study was designed to research the functional mechanism of circ_0001162 in glioma progression. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used for assaying the levels of circ_0001162 and microRNA-936 (miR-936). Cell proliferation and colony formation abilities were evaluated via 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and colony formation assay, respectively. Transwell assay was applied to assess cell migration and invasion. The impact of circ_0001162 on glioma growth in vivo was performed using xenograft tumor assay. The target binding was affirmed via the dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. All protein expression levels were examined via Western blot. Circ_0001162 was an overexpressed circRNA in glioma. Circ_0001162 promoted glioma cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion in vitro. Tumorigenesis of glioma in vivo was also enhanced by circ_0001162. Circ_0001162 could directly target miR-936 and the biological function of circ_0001162 in glioma was related to the inhibition of miR-936. ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ERBB4) was a direct target of miR-936. Additionally, miR-936 inhibited the glioma development via targeting ERBB4. The miR-936/ERBB4 axis was responsible for the oncogenic role of circ_0001162 in glioma. The effects of circ_0001162 on glioma cells were also associated with the positive regulation of ERBB4. These results indicated that circ_0001162 contributed to the glioma progression via regulating the miR-936/ERBB4 axis, which laid a foundation for the pathomechanism and molecular treatment of glioma.
title: A survey of what radiography educators teach about digital image appraisal
Creators: name: Shanley, Caoimhe
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Education and training
subject: Education
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Radiographers

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Radiographers carry responsibility to appraise the diagnostic quality of radiographic images. While there has been a steady and comprehensive transition from film-screen (FS) radiography to digital radiography (DR) [1],experienced radiographers may...
Heisenberg Hausdorff dimension of Besicovitch sets
Creators: name: Venieri, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider (bounded) Besicovitch sets in the Heisenberg group and prove that $L^p$ estimates for the Kakeya maximal function imply lower bounds for their Heisenberg Hausdorff dimension.
title: Castleman's disease: the challenging mimic
Creators: name: Pace, Erika
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Pathology
subject: Lymphoma
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: PET-CT
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Oncology
subject: Lymph nodes
subject: Haematologic diseases

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: - To provide an overview of the possible clinical presentation and imaging appearances of Castleman’s disease (CD); - To illustrate a case-based review of both pathognomonic and challenging imaging features associated with pathology...
Explaining Deep Tractable Probabilistic Models: The sum-product network case
Creators: name: Karanam, Athresh
name: Mathur, Saurabh
name: Radivojac, Predrag
name: Haas, David M.
name: Kersting, Kristian
name: Natarajan, Sriraam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of explaining a class of tractable deep probabilistic models, the Sum-Product Networks (SPNs) and present an algorithm ExSPN to generate explanations. To this effect, we define the notion of a context-specific independence tree(CSI-tree) and present an iterative algorithm that converts an SPN to a CSI-tree. The resulting CSI-tree is both interpretable and explainable to the domain expert. We achieve this by extracting the conditional independencies encoded by the SPN and approximating the local context specified by the structure of the SPN. Our extensive empirical evaluations on synthetic, standard, and real-world clinical data sets demonstrate that the CSI-tree exhibits superior explainability.
description: Main paper: 8 pages, references: 1 page. Main paper: 4 figures
title: Breast lesion markers for 3D ultrasound examinations of the breast.
Creators: name: de Jong, Leon
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Image registration
subject: Screening
subject: Observer performance
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Breast

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: One of the advantages of 3D ultrasound is the possibility to have the whole breast scanned by technicians with batch or remote reporting by a dedicated breast radiologist [1,2]. However, feedback on concurrent focal abnormalities (e.g. palpable...
title: Pediatric Female Pelvis - Ultrasound Evaluation
Creators: name: Dias, Ricardo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Pelvis
subject: Ultrasound physics
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cystography / Uretrography
subject: Congenital

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Review the normal anatomy of the gonads and female genital tract. Illustrate the imaging findings - with emphasis on ultrasound (US) - of different disorders affecting the pediatric pelvis including: - Structural congenital anomalies - Ambiguous...
title: The value of PSA density in prostate cancer risk stratification in PI-RADS 3 lesions
Creators: name: Avesani, Giacomo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genital / Reproductive system male
subject: Oncology
subject: MR
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: PI-RADS identifies five categories in which lesions can be classified on the basis of the probability to find a clinically significant cancer. The first two categories include lesions with low probability, the last two lesions with high probability...
title: Pulmonary aspergillosis: the who, the what, the how
Creators: name: Sánchez-Serrano, Irene
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Thorax
subject: Lung
subject: CT
subject: Education
subject: Infection

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To describe the different patterns of pulmonary aspergillosis and their radiologic findings using MDCT, focusing on the who (group of patients affected), the what (real etiology for each pattern), and the how (clinical symptoms that make us suspect...
On the spectral gap of higher-dimensional Schrödinger operators on large domains
Creators: name: Kerner, Joachim
name: Täufer, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34L15, 34L40, 47E05, 47A10

description: We study the asymptotic behaviour of the spectral gap of Schrödinger operators in two and higher dimensions and in a limit where the volume of the domain tends to infinity. Depending on properties of the underlying potential, we will find different asymptotic behaviours of the gap. In some cases the gap behaves as the gap of the free Dirichlet Laplacian and in some cases it does not.
Plasmon-mediated optothermal control and sensing of nanoobjects
Creators: name: Liu, Yaoran
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2021
Subjects: Thermoplasmonics

description: Plasmonic metamaterials and metasurfaces have shown their potentials in controlling light propagation with extraordinary abilities by exploiting the interaction between light and matter through surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) or localized surface plasmons (LSPs). Owing to the high materials losses in the plasmonic materials, plasmonic absorption of light can induce strong localized temperature increase at the resonance frequency. Thermoplasmonics have found in wide applications such as photothermal therapy, photothermal catalysis, solar energy harvesting and photothermal manipulation. This dissertation presents the plasmon-mediated optothermal control and sensing techniques by exploiting light-heat conversion and particle migration under a light-directed temperature field. Firstly, I have developed and demonstrated a novel tool to facilitate optical trapping. Secondly, I applied the optothermal trapping and printing method for diabetes sensing using plasmonic metasurface to improve the sensitivity. I demonstrated the first lab-on-a-chip biosensor for chirality detection and achieved high diagnosis accuracy over the conventional methods. Thirdly, I showed first-ever single cell rotational adhesion frequency assay to mimic in vivo cell adhesion mediated by the optothermal rotation. Fourthly, I conducted both analytic analysis and simulation to optimize the optical absorption of the moiré absorbers in the mid-infrared region.
Quantum search-to-decision reductions and the state synthesis problem
Creators: name: Irani, Sandy
name: Natarajan, Anand
name: Nirkhe, Chinmay
name: Rao, Sujit
name: Yuen, Henry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is a useful fact in classical computer science that many search problems are reducible to decision problems; this has led to decision problems being regarded as the $\textit{de facto}$ computational task to study in complexity theory. In this work, we explore search-to-decision reductions for quantum search problems, wherein a quantum algorithm makes queries to a classical decision oracle to output a desired quantum state. In particular, we focus on search-to-decision reductions for $\mathsf{QMA}$, and show that there exists a quantum polynomial-time algorithm that can generate a witness for a $\mathsf{QMA}$ problem up to inverse polynomial precision by making one query to a $\mathsf{PP}$ decision oracle. We complement this result by showing that $\mathsf{QMA}$-search does $\textit{not}$ reduce to $\mathsf{QMA}$-decision in polynomial-time, relative to a quantum oracle. We also explore the more general $\textit{state synthesis problem}$, in which the goal is to efficiently synthesize a target state by making queries to a classical oracle encoding the state. We prove that there exists a classical oracle with which any quantum state can be synthesized to inverse polynomial precision using only one oracle query and to inverse exponential precision using two oracle queries. This answers an open question of Aaronson from 2016, who presented a state synthesis algorithm that makes $O(n)$ queries to a classical oracle to prepare an $n$-qubit state, and asked if the query complexity could be made sublinear.
description: v2 included new figures and improved explanations. No technical content was changed between versions. Comments are welcome and encouraged!
title: Effect of the injected contrast media ratio on contrast of intraabdominal structures during pediatric CT examination with the method of splitted bolus injection
Creators: name: Sembele, Liga
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Trauma
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Acute
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Safety
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT
subject: Paediatric
subject: Contrast agents
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The aim of the study is to determine the best proportion of splitting the iodine contrast medium to achieve the best possible parenchymal and excretory phase pattern in paediatric politrauma patients at Children University Hospital of...
Rigorous bounds on irrelevant operators in the 3d Ising model CFT
Creators: name: Reehorst, Marten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the recently developed navigator method to obtain rigorous upper and lower bounds on new OPE data in the 3d Ising CFT. For example, assuming that there are only two $\mathbb{Z}_2$-even scalar operators $ε$ and $ε'$ with a dimension below 6 we find a narrow allowed interval for $Δ_{ε'}$, $λ_{σσε'}$ and $λ_{εεε'}$. With similar assumptions in the $\mathbb{Z}_2$-even spin-2 and the $\mathbb{Z}_2$-odd scalar sectors we are also able to constrain: the central charge $c_T$; the OPE data $Δ_{T'}$, $λ_{εεT'}$ and $λ_{σσT'}$ of the second spin-2 operator; and the OPE data $Δ_{σ'}$ and $λ_{σεσ'}$ of the second $\mathbb{Z}_2$-odd scalar. We compare the rigorous bounds we find with estimates that have been previously obtained using the extremal functional method (EFM) and find a good match. This both validates the EFM and shows the navigator-search method to be a feasible and more rigorous alternative for estimating a large part of the low-dimensional operator spectrum. We also investigate the effect of imposing sparseness conditions on all sectors at once. We find that the island does not greatly reduce in size under these assumptions. We efficiently find islands and determine their size in high-dimensional parameter spaces (up to 13 parameters). This shows that using the navigator method the numerical conformal bootstrap is no longer constrained to the exploration of small parameter spaces.
description: 34 pages, 7 figures
title: Integrating information in Radiology: Teaching File System (TFS) implementation in a third-level hospital using MIRC
Creators: name: Sánchez-Serrano, Irene
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer applications
subject: PACS
subject: Education
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: eLearning
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To describe the implementation of a Teaching File System (TFS) using MIRC (Medical Imaging Resource Center) in a third-level public hospital and review the advantages of a file case...
Is time the real line?
Creators: name: Rizzuti, B. F.
name: Gaio, L. M.
name: Cardoso, Lucas T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is devoted to discussing the topological structure of the arrow of time. In the literature, it is often accepted that its algebraic and topological structures are that of a one-dimensional Euclidean space $\mathbb{E}^1$, although a critical review on the subject is not easy to be found. Hence, leveraging on an operational approach, we collect evidences to identify it structurally as a normed vector space $(\mathbb{Q}, |\cdot|)$, and take a leap of abstraction to complete it, up to isometries, to the real line. During the development of the paper, the space-time is recognized as a fibration, with the fibers being the sets of simultaneous events. The corresponding topology is also exposed: open sets naturally arise within our construction, showing that the classical space-time is non-Hausdorff. The transition from relativistic to classical regimes is explored too.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures. Misprints corrected and minor adjustments according to the review process
Two-dimensional materials for micro/nanoscale active matter
Creators: name: Huang, Yun
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2021
Subjects: Molybdenum disulfide
Active matter

description: Artificial micro/nanoscale active matter capable of harnessing and converting energy from the environment into mechanical motions, mimicking the functions of live cells and microorganisms in nature, presents as desirable models for the study of the fundamental mechanisms of locomotion. The integration of functional materials, for instance, the emerging two-dimensional (2D) materials, into such an area so that a miniaturized motor/machine could exhibit unique functionalities to carry out a targeted service, is among the most intriguing and remarkable topics in nanoscience and nanotechnology. In this dissertation, two types of micro/nanoscale active matters fabricated of 2D materials are explored. For one type, free-standing longitudinal MoS₂ nanoribbons, as well as their oxide hybrids, are designed and fabricated. The synthesized MoS₂ nanoribbons can be well dispersed into a solution and activated by electric fields to move along a designed trajectory. With the assistance of “click-chemistry” at the “press of a light button”, the nanoribbon can be assembled onto pre-patterned electrodes, demonstrating its potential as photodetectors with a rapid photoresponse ~16 ms. Moreover, the MoS₂ nanoribbons rotate both clockwise and counterclockwise in an aqueous solution depending on the frequency of the applied rotating electric field. With the understanding of theoretical modeling based on both Maxwell-Wagner polarization and induced electrical double layer effect, the measured electro-rotation spectrum can be readily analyzed to extract the electrical conductivity of the MoS₂, agreeing with that of four-probe measurements on the order of magnitude, serving as a rapid method to characterize the electronic properties of nanomaterials in a non-contact and non-destructive fashion. Janus MoS₂/TiO₂ micromotors is another type of 2D material integrated micromachines, which propel themselves by harnessing energy from light and chemical fuels from the environment, are delicately designed. Especially, the Janus motors exhibit enhanced speed in response to a higher ionic strength. The unprecedented phenomenon can be attributed to the competing self-diffusiophoresis (DP) and self-electrophoresis (EP) induced by the unique bandgap alignment between TiO₂ and MoS₂. The design, fabrication, propulsion, and application of 2D-materials-based active matter and the underlying mechanistic understanding demonstrate the high potentials that 2D materials can bring to the field of micro/nanorobotics in terms of materials integration, multi-functionality, and unique properties. With the continuous discovery of new physics and chemistry in this new class of materials, we expect 2D materials to enable new breakthroughs in micro/nanorobotics.
In-vitro digestion models: a critical review for human and fish and a protocol for in-vitro digestion in fish
Creators: name: Wang, Ricky
name: Mohammadi, Mahtab
name: Mahboubi, Amir
name: Taherzadeh, Mohammad J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Digestive systems in human, animals, and fish are biological reactors and membranes to digest food and extract nutrients. Therefore, static and dynamic models of in-vitro digestion systems are developed to study e.g. novel food and feed before in-vivo studies. Such models are well developed for human, but not to the same extent for animals and fish. On the other hand, recent advances in aquaculture nutrition have created several potential fish meal replacements, and the assessment of their nutrient digestibility is critical in the application as a fish meal replacement. Using an in-vitro method, the assessment of an ingredient digestibility could be faster and less expensive compared to using an in-vivo experiment. An in-vitro method has been widely used to assess food nutrient digestibility for humans; however, its application for fish is still in the early stages. Both the human and fish as monogastric vertebrates share similar gastrointestinal systems; thus, the concept from the application for humans could be applied for fish. This review aims to improve the in-vitro digestion protocol for fish by adapting the concept from then study for humans, summarizing the current available in-vitro digestion model developed for human and fish in-vitro digestion study, identifying challenges specifically for fish required to be tackled and suggesting an engineering approach to adapt the human in-vitro gastrointestinal model to fish. Protocols to conduct in-vitro digestion study for fish are then proposed.
title: Dual Energy and Spectral CT: Documented and Emerging Neuro Applications in everyday practice.
Creators: name: Martin, Dann
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Kv imaging
subject: Dosimetric comparison
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Computer Applications-Virtual imaging
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: CT
subject: Neuroradiology spine
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Head and neck

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To review the technical aspects of dual energy and spectral CT. To highlight neuroradiology applications and present several cases that demonstrate added diagnostic benefits not yet well described. To outline implications of protocol implementation...