cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Multiscale Optimization Framework for Reconstructing Binary Images using Multilevel PCA-based Control Space Reduction
Creators: name: Koolman, Priscilla M.
name: Bukshtynov, Vladislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An efficient computational approach for optimal reconstructing parameters of binary-type physical properties for models in biomedical applications is developed and validated. The methodology includes gradient-based multiscale optimization with multilevel control space reduction by using principal component analysis (PCA) coupled with dynamical control space upscaling. The reduced dimensional controls are used interchangeably at fine and coarse scales to accumulate the optimization progress and mitigate side effects at both scales. Flexibility is achieved through the proposed procedure for calibrating certain parameters to enhance the performance of the optimization algorithm. Reduced size of control spaces supplied with adjoint-based gradients obtained at both scales facilitate the application of this algorithm to models of higher complexity and also to a broad range of problems in biomedical sciences. This technique is shown to outperform regular gradient-based methods applied to fine scale only in terms of both qualities of binary images and computing time. Performance of the complete computational framework is tested in applications to 2D inverse problems of cancer detection by the electrical impedance tomography (EIT). The results demonstrate the efficient performance of the new method and its high potential for minimizing possibilities for false positive screening and improving the overall quality of the EIT-based procedures.
description: 27 pages, 10 figures
Assessing the potential for synergy in the implementation of Payment for Environmental Services (PES) programs: an empirical analysis in Costa Rica
Creators: name: Zhang, Wei
name: Pagiola, Stefano
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Pagiola, Stefano
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Development
subject: Payment for Environmental Services (PES)
subject: synergy
subject: poverty reduction
subject: watershed conservation
subject: biodiversity conservation
subject: Costa Rica

description: Payment for environmental services (PES) is a promising mechanism for conservation. It also has the potential to contribute to social objectives such as poverty reduction. To promote synergy in the implementation of PES, however, a number of conditions on spatial, economic, ecological, and institutional feasibilities are essential. This study discusses factors affecting the synergy prospect of PES and provides a simple framework for assessing the potential for synergy in the implementation of PES, focusing on spatial correlation of thematic areas and funding availability for payments. We apply the framework to an empirical analysis of the “water funding” in Costa Rica, a new conservation financing source generated by water tariff revenue and will be channeled through the existing national PES program of Costa Rica (Pago por Servicios Ambientales, PSA). The analysis can help guide the re-allocation of the regular PSA budget in response to the water funding for synergy among conservation goals (watershed and biodiversity) and social development objective.
Generalised Couch-Torrence Symmetry for Rotating Extremal Black Holes in Maximal Supergravity
Creators: name: Cvetic, M.
name: Pope, C. N.
name: Saha, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extremal Reissner-Nordström black hole admits a conformal inversion symmetry, in which the metric is mapped into itself under an inversion of the radial coordinate combined with a conformal rescaling. In the rotating generalisation, Couch and Torrence showed that the Kerr-Newman metric no longer exhibits a conformal inversion symmetry, but the radial equation arising in the separation of the massless Klein-Gordon equation admits a mode-dependent inversion symmetry, where the radius of inversion depends upon the energy and azimuthal angular momentum of the mode. It was more recently shown that the static 4-charge extremal black holes of STU supergravity admit a generalisation of the conformal inversion symmetry, in which the conformally-inverted metric is a member of the same 4-charge black hole family but with transformed charges. In this paper we study further generalisations of these inversion symmetries, within the general class of extremal STU supergravity black holes. For the rotating black holes, where again the massless Klein-Gordon equation is separable, we show that examples with four electric charges exhibit a generalisation of the Couch-Torrence symmetry of the radial equation. Now, as in the conformal inversion of the static specialisations, the inversion of the radial equation maps it to the radial equation for a rotating black hole with transformed electric charges. We also study the inversion transformations for the general case of extremal BPS STU black holes carrying eight charges (4 electric plus 4 magnetic), and argue that analogous generalisations of the inversion symmetries exist both for the static and the rotating cases.
description: 32 pages
Getting Implicit Shadow Prices Right for the Estimation of the Malmquist Index: The Case of Agricultural Total Factor Productivity in Developing Countries
Creators: name: Nin Pratt, Alejandro
name: Yu, Bingxin
name: Nin Pratt, Alejandro
name: Yu, Bingxin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Malmquist
subject: shadow prices
subject: total factor productivity

description: The Malmquist index has become extensively used in international comparisons of agricultural productivity since it does not require prices for its estimation, which are normally not available. However, the DEA approach used to estimate this index still uses implicit price information. This entails potential problems because these methods are susceptible to the effect of data noise, and shadow prices can prove to be inconsistent with prior knowledge on cost shares. In this paper we analyze implicit input shadow shares used in the DEA approach to estimate agricultural productivity using the Malmquist index for 72 developing countries. We then set bounds to the implicit input shares introducing information on their likely value and compare constrained and unconstrained input shares. We conclude that the incidence of zero shadow prices justifies the introduction of constraints in the estimation of the Malmquist index. The paper also presents detailed results of TFP growth in developing countries using constrained shadow shares for their estimation. We find that agricultural TFP has been growing steadily in the past 20 years even if countries like China, Brazil and India are not considered. Remarkably, we find a clear improvement in the performance of Sub-Saharan Africa since the mid 1980s.
$2α+t$ cluster structure in $^{11}$B
Creators: name: Kawabata, T.
name: Akimune, H.
name: Fujita, H.
name: Fujita, Y.
name: Fujiwara, M.
name: Hara, K.
name: Hatanaka, K.
name: Itoh, M.
name: Kanada-En'yo, Y.
name: Kishi, S.
name: Nakanishi, K.
name: Sakaguchi, H.
name: Shimbara, Y.
name: Tamii, A.
name: Terashima, S.
name: Uchida, M.
name: Wakasa, T.
name: Yasuda, Y.
name: Yoshida, H. P.
name: Yosoi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cluster structures of the excited states in $^{11}$B are studied by analyzing the isoscalar monopole and quadrupole strengths in the $^{11}$B($d$,$d'$) reaction at $E_d=200$ MeV. The excitation strengths are compared with the predictions by the shell-model and antisymmetrized molecular-dynamics (AMD) calculations. It is found that the large monopole strength for the $3/2^-_3$ state at $E_x=8.56$ MeV is well described by the AMD calculation and is an evidence for a developed $2α+t$ cluster structure.
description: Revised according to the referees' comments
Direct growth of mm-size twisted bilayer graphene by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition
Creators: name: Chen, Yen-Chun
name: Lin, Wei-Hsiang
name: Tseng, Wei-Shiuan
name: Chen, Chien-Chang
name: Rossman, George. R.
name: Chen, Chii-Dong
name: Wu, Yu-Shu
name: Yeh, Nai-Chang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) techniques have been shown to be an efficient method to achieve single-step synthesis of high-quality monolayer graphene (MLG) without the need of active heating. Here we report PECVD-growth of single-crystalline hexagonal bilayer graphene (BLG) flakes and mm-size BLG films with the interlayer twist angle controlled by the growth parameters. The twist angle has been determined by three experimental approaches, including direct measurement of the relative orientation of crystalline edges between two stacked monolayers by scanning electron microscopy, analysis of the twist angle-dependent Raman spectral characteristics, and measurement of the Moiré period with scanning tunneling microscopy. In mm-sized twisted BLG (tBLG) films, the average twist angle can be controlled from 0 to approximately 20 \degree, and the angular spread for a given growth condition can be limited to < 7 \degree. Different work functions between MLG and BLG have been verified by the Kelvin probe force microscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrical measurements of back-gated field-effect-transistor devices based on small-angle tBLG samples revealed high-quality electric characteristics at 300 K and insulating temperature dependence down to 100 K. This controlled PECVD-growth of tBLG thus provides an efficient approach to investigate the effect of varying Moiré potentials on tBLG.
description: Manuscript (39 pages, 10 figures) and Supplementary Information (11 pages, 6 figures). Published in Carbon
Measurement of Neutral B Decay Branching Fractions to Kspi+pi- Final States
Creators: name: Aubert, B.
name: Collaboration, BABAR
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Branching fraction measurements using B-meson decays to Kspi+pi- are presented. These measurements were obtained by analyzing a data sample of 88.9 million Y(4S) --> BB decays collected with the BaBar detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory. Using a maximum likelihood fit, the following branching fraction results were obtained: Br(B0 -> K0pi+pi- = (43.7 +/- 3.8 +/- 3.4) * 10^-6, Br(B0 --> K{*+}pi-) = (12.9 +/- 2.4 +/- 1.4) * 10$^-6} and Br(B0 --> D-(--> Kspi-)pi+ = (42.7 +/- 2.1 +/- 2.2) * 10^{-6}. The CP violating char ge asymmetry A(K*pi} for the decay B0 --> $K{*+}pi-$ was measured to be A(K*pi} = 0.23 +/- $0.18^{+0.09}_{-0.06}$. For all these measurements the first error is statistical and the second is systematic.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Physics Review D (Rapid Communications) and the 32nd International Conference On High-Energy Physics (ICHEP 04) Modification: Added reference to the CLEO experiment who first measured AKpi
Gauging the potential for social unrest
Creators: name: Stark, Oded
name: Hyll, Walter
name: Behrens, Doris A.
name: Stark, Oded
name: Hyll, Walter
name: Behrens, Doris A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: Social dismay
subject: The potential for social unrest
subject: Polarization
subject: Total relative deprivation
subject: Policy choice

description: It stands to reason that social unrest does not erupt out of the blue. Although there are a great many reasons why social dismay might descend into social disorder, only few yardsticks or indices can plausibly be used to gauge the potential for social unrest (PSU). If policy makers want to undertake public action to prevent social dismay escalating into social disruption, they obviously need to draw on practical sensors. This paper assesses critically the adequacy of two such measures, the polarization (P) index, and the total relative deprivation (TRD) index. The paper proposes a tentative guide to selecting between these two measures. A review of three stylized scenarios suggests that, where income redistributions reduce the number of distinct income groups, and when each group is characterized by a strong sense of within-group identity, the P index surpasses the TRD index as a basis for predicting PSU. When the within-group identification is weak, however, it is better to use the TRD index to predict PSU.
Effects of in-vivo stimulation of the rat ventral subiculum on the expression of presynaptic proteins in the nucleus accumbens, the prefrontal cortex, and the dorsal striatum
Creators: name: Lam, Clayton
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The present project focuses on changes on the expression of presynaptic proteins at synaptic junctions in the core of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), the shell of the NAc, the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and the dorsal striatum (STR) after repeated electrical stimulation of the subicular projection from the ventral hippocampus of rats. Related research in Dr. Phillips' laboratory has shown that comparable stimulation caused an increased release of dopamine in the N A c and hyperlocomotion. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate possible changes in presynaptic protein concentration in response to repeated stimulation of the ventral subiculum (vSub) at parameters shown previously to potentiate locomotor activity and DA efflux in the NAc. The first series of experiments confirmed that repeated vSub stimulation caused an increase and potentiation of locomotor activity. The second series of experiments investigated the effect of repeated vSub stimulation on the expression of presynaptic proteins in the four brain regions. Five presynaptic proteins were quantified by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) technique and they were synaptophysin, syntaxin, SNAP-25, complexin I and complexin II. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze group and regional differences in the expression of each presynaptic protein. All presynaptic proteins showed a significant difference between the stimulation group and the control group. Regional differences in the expression of most presynaptic proteins including synaptophysin, complexin I, complexin II and complexin II/I ratio were highly significant except for syntaxin. The group x region interaction of complexin II/I ratios was significant. This interaction indicated that regional differences in the relative expression of the two complexin proteins may be caused by vSub stimulation. The last analysis examined the correlation between the expression of presynaptic proteins and locomotor activity. The immunoreactivity of syntaxin in the core of the NAc showed a significantly high correlation with locomotor activity. This finding suggests that presynaptic proteins may be part of the subcellular mechanism in regulating vSub-induced locomotor activity.
Industry-Academic Partnerships The View from the Corner Office
Creators: name: Baker, Gregory A.
name: Wysocki, Allen F.
name: House, Lisa
name: Baker, Gregory A.
name: Wysocki, Allen F.
name: House, Lisa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: industry partnerships
subject: industry collaboration
subject: internship
subject: mentor
subject: field trip
subject: consulting
subject: advisory board

description: Industry-academic partnerships are described and discussed from the perspective of industry. Eight types of partnerships are discussed, including internships, mentoring, site visits, faculty-directed research, student research, consulting, in-class visits, and industry advisory boards. The benefits, problems, costs, motivation to participate, and advice for managing industry-academic partnerships are presented.
Spatial Marketing Patterns for Corn Under the Condition of Increasing Ethanol Production in the U.S.
Creators: name: Conley, Dennis M.
name: George, Adam
name: Conley, Dennis M.
name: George, Adam
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: ethanol
subject: corn
subject: spatial marketing
subject: structural change
subject: crude oil

description: Events external to agriculture have set in motion the conditions for structural change in the marketing of corn in the U.S. These included a rapid increase in the price of crude oil from $40 per barrel to over $100 caused by hurricanes, geopolitical events, an increased global demand for energy from countries like China and India, and in December 2007, the U.S. raising the renewable fuel standards. The results of this research show that there could be significant changes in the historical utilization and marketing of corn in the U.S. The change in movement patterns provides one source of visible evidence that a structural change is underway.
Heterogeneity in the Evaluation of Quality Assurance Systems: The International Food Standard (IFS) in European Agribusiness
Creators: name: Schulze, Holger
name: Albersmeier, Friederike
name: Gawron, Jana-Christina
name: Spiller, Achim
name: Theuvsen, Ludwig
name: Schulze, Holger
name: Albersmeier, Friederike
name: Gawron, Jana-Christina
name: Spiller, Achim
name: Theuvsen, Ludwig
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: evaluation
subject: quality assurance systems
subject: International Food Standard
subject: agribusiness

description: Due to the growing demands of customers and several food crises, quality assurance schemes have become increasingly popular in agribusiness. With this trend in mind, it seems worthwhile to take a closer look at the satisfaction of participating European companies. The study focuses on the IFS, which has gained much relevance in the food industry. A questionnaire concerned with perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of the IFS was answered by 389 companies. The results indicate that the overall evaluation of the IFS is primarily affected by the perceived usefulness of the catalogue of requirements and its evaluation. Furthermore, a cluster analysis was conducted and three clusters were identified, representing heterogeneous evaluations of the IFS.
Cosmological constraints with the sub-millimetre galaxies Magnification Bias after large scale bias corrections
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Nuevo, J.
name: Cueli, M. M.
name: Bonavera, L.
name: Lapi, A.
name: Migliaccio, M.
name: Argüeso, F.
name: Toffolatti, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of the magnification bias produced on high-redshift sub-millimetre galaxies by foreground galaxies through the analysis of the cross-correlation function was recently demonstrated as an interesting independent alternative to the weak-lensing shear as a cosmological probe. In the case of the proposed observable, most of the cosmological constraints mainly depend on the largest angular separation measurements. Therefore, we aim to study and correct the main large-scale biases that affect foreground and background galaxy samples to produce a robust estimation of the cross-correlation function. Then we analyse the corrected signal to derive updated cosmological constraintsWe measured the large-scale, bias-corrected cross-correlation functions using a background sample of H-ATLAS galaxies with photometric redshifts > 1.2 and two different foreground samples (GAMA galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts or SDSS galaxies with photometric ones, both in the range 0.2 < z < 0.8). These measurements are modelled using the traditional halo model description that depends on both halo occupation distribution and cosmological parameters. We then estimated these parameters by performing a Markov chain Monte Carlo under multiple scenarios to study the performance of this observable and how to improve its results. After the large-scale bias corrections, we obtain only minor improvements with respect to the previous magnification bias results, mainly confirming their conclusions: a lower bound on $Ω_m > 0.22$ at $95\%$ C.L. and an upper bound $σ_8 < 0.97$ at $95\%$ C.L. (results from the $z_{spec}$ sample). However, by combining both foreground samples into a simplified tomographic analysis, we were able to obtain interesting constraints on the $Ω_m$-$σ_8$ plane as follows: $Ω_m= 0.50_{- 0.20}^{+ 0.14}$ and $σ_8= 0.75_{- 0.10}^{+ 0.07}$ at 68\% CL.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, accepted by A&A
Innovation in Food Products: First-mover Strategy and Entropy Metrics
Creators: name: Sporleder, Thomas L.
name: Hooker, Neal H.
name: Shanahan, Christopher J.
name: Broring, Stefanie
name: Sporleder, Thomas L.
name: Hooker, Neal H.
name: Shanahan, Christopher J.
name: Broring, Stefanie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: first-mover strategy
subject: food product innovation
subject: entropy
subject: organic

description: The objective of this research is to investigate food product innovation in the context of the first-mover strategy among food manufacturers within agrifood supply chains. The emphasis of the analysis is on developing a useful metric for tracking new product development in the context of first-mover strategy. Entropy is introduced as a novel and useful means of examining first-mover strategy and new product development (NPD) in general. Understanding the complexities of the first-mover strategy and tracking NPD with entropy metrics holds promise for enhancing the analysis of agrifood supply chains and assisting firms in deciphering broad strategies of their rivals.
Parma Agrifood Research Management Knowledge Network: PARMa KN
Creators: name: Braga, Francesco S.
name: Baker, Gregory A.
name: Braga, Francesco S.
name: Baker, Gregory A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: consulting
subject: trade association
subject: industry association
subject: SWOT
subject: industry research

description: The case focuses on the proposed development of the Parma Agrifood Research Management Knowledge Network (PARMa KN). The PARMa KN is intended to be a global network of leading professionals drawn from academia, industry, and the public sector. The proposal is for the group to be funded by the City of Parma and corporate, foundation, and individual donors. Its main objective would be to build value for society through the development of cutting-edge research, educational programs, and service activities for firms in the food and agribusiness sector. It is hoped that the new foundation will bring international expertise to food and agribusiness firms in Parma to help them to expand and remain globally competitive.
Industry Speaks Strategies for Solving the Food Inflation Problem
Creators: name: Neves, Marcos Fava
name: Neves, Marcos Fava
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: food crisis
subject: bio-fuels
subject: strategy
subject: sustainability
subject: problem solving

description: This article addresses some of the partial truths and misinformation in media reporting over the booming food prices debate. Many studies are only linking biofuels to the inflation cause, while ignoring several other factors such as the growth of the world population, economic development and income distribution. An overview of the causes is discussed and 10 strategies proposed which policy makers, governments, and organizations can adapt to move the world forward towards long-term sustainability.
Like Oil and Water or Chocolate and Peanut Butter? Ethnic Diversity and Social Participation of Young People in England
Creators: name: Fumagalli, Elena
name: Fumagalli, Laura
name: Fumagalli, Elena
name: Fumagalli, Laura
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Social Participation
subject: Fractionalization
subject: Segregation

description: The paper studies the impact of ethnic diversity on social participation of young people. We first propose a theoretical model in which the agents choose between structured and unstructured social activities by taking into account the ethnic composition of the groups they join. We test our predictions using English census data together with the `Longitudinal Survey of Young People in England' (LSYPE) and we find that ethnic segregation increases the probability of hanging around near home, while ethnic fractionalization decreases it. Furthermore, more structured activities are not affected by ethnic fractionalization. Finally, we use an IV strategy based on both historical and geographical data to correct for endogenous sorting into neighborhoods. The results we get are even stronger than those obtained where the ethnic composition of the neighborhood is taken as exogenous.
Additional file 4 of Development of a TB vaccine trial site in Africa and lessons from the Ebola experience
Creators: name: Kaguthi, G.
name: V. Nduba
name: P. Rabuogi
name: D. Okelloh
name: S. G. Ouma
name: G. Blatner
name: S. Gelderbloem
name: Mitchell, Ellen M. H.
name: Scott, Cherise P.
name: S. Verver
name: T. Hawkridge
name: J. E. M. De Steenwinkel
name: K. F. Laserson
name: J. H. Richardus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 4: Figure S5. Mobile Field Site.
A Young Brown Dwarf Companion to DH Tauri
Creators: name: Itoh, Yoichi
name: Hayashi, Masahiko
name: Tamura, Motohide
name: Tsuji, Takashi
name: Oasa, Yumiko
name: Fukagawa, Misato
name: Hayashi, Saeko S.
name: Naoi, Takahiro
name: Ishii, Miki
name: Mayama, Satoshi
name: Morino, Jun-ichi
name: Yamashita, Takuya
name: Pyo, Tae-Soo
name: Nishikawa, Takayuki
name: Usuda, Tomonori
name: Murakawa, Koji
name: Suto, Hiroshi
name: Oya, Shin
name: Takato, Naruhisa
name: Ando, Hiroyasu
name: Miyama, Shoken M.
name: Kobayashi, Naoto
name: Kaifu, Norio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the detection of a young brown dwarf companion DH Tau B associated with the classical T Tauri star DH Tau. Near-infrared coronagraphic observations with CIAO on the Subaru Telescope have revealed DH Tau B with H = \~15 mag located at 2.3" (330 AU) away from the primary DH Tau A. Comparing its position with a Hubble Space Telescope archive image, we confirmed that DH Tau A and B share the common proper motion, suggesting that they are physically associated with each other. The near-infrared color of DH Tau B is consistent with those of young stellar objects. The near-infrared spectra of DH Tau B show deep water absorption bands, a strong K I absorption line, and a moderate Na I absorption line. We derived its effective temperature and surface gravity of Teff = 2700 -- 2800 K and log g = 4.0--4.5, respectively, by comparing the observed spectra with synthesized spectra of low-mass objects. The location of DH Tau B on the HR diagram gives its mass of 30 -- 50 M_Jupiter.
description: 10 pages, 14 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJ
Spatially Resolved Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Great Dimming of Betelgeuse
Creators: name: Dupree, Andrea K.
name: Strassmeier, Klaus G.
name: Matthews, Lynn D.
name: Uitenbroek, Han
name: Calderwood, Thomas
name: Granzer, Thomas
name: Guinan, Edward F
name: Leike, Reimar
name: Montargès, Miguel
name: Richards, Anita M. S.
name: Wasatonic, Richard
name: Weber, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bright supergiant, Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis, HD 39801) experienced a visual dimming during 2019 December and the first quarter of 2020 reaching an historic minimum 2020 February 7$-$13. During 2019 September-November, prior to the optical dimming event, the photosphere was expanding. At the same time, spatially resolved ultraviolet spectra using the Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph revealed a substantial increase in the ultraviolet spectrum and Mg II line emission from the chromosphere over the southern hemisphere of the star. Moreover, the temperature and electron density inferred from the spectrum and C II diagnostics also increased in this hemisphere. These changes happened prior to the Great Dimming Event. Variations in the Mg II k-line profiles suggest material moved outwards in response to the passage of a pulse or acoustic shock from 2019 September through 2019 November. It appears that this extraordinary outflow of material from the star, likely initiated by convective photospheric elements, was enhanced by the coincidence with the outward motions in this phase of the $\sim$400 day pulsation cycle. These ultraviolet observations appear to provide the connecting link between the known large convective cells in the photosphere and the mass ejection event that cooled to form the dust cloud in the southern hemisphere imaged in 2019 December, and led to the exceptional optical dimming of Betelgeuse in 2020 February.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, Astrophysical Journal, accepted
Gender Differences in Output Quality and Quantity under Competition and Time Constraints: Evidence from a Pilot Study
Creators: name: Shurchkov, Olga
name: Shurchkov, Olga
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Gender Differences
subject: Competition
subject: Effects of Time Pressure

description: Gender gaps in income and level of position in the workplace are widespread. One explanation for this inequality is that the genders perform differently under competitive conditions, as previous experimental studies have found a significant gender gap in competitive tasks that are perceived to favor men. In this paper, we use a verbal task that is perceived to favor women and find no gender difference under competition per se. We also reject the hypothesis that a .stereotype threat. explains the inability of women to improve performance under competition. We propose an alternative explanation for gender inequality: namely, that women and men respond differently to time pressure. With reduced time pressure, competition in verbal tasks greatly increases the performance of women, such that women significantly outperform men. This effect appears largely due to the fact that extra time in a competition improves the quality of women’s work, leading them to make fewer mistakes. On the other hand, men use this extra time to increase the quantity of work, which results in a greater number of mistakes.
Probabilistic Hysteresis from a Quantum Phase Space Perspective
Creators: name: Bürkle, Ralf
name: Anglin, James R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: \emph{Probabilistic hysteresis} is a manifestation of irreversibility in a small, isolated classical system [Sci. Rep. 9, 14169]: after a slow cyclic sweep of a control parameter, the probability that a microcanonical ensemble returns to the neighborhood of its initial energy is significantly below one. A similar phenomenon has recently been confirmed in a corresponding quantum system for not too small particle number $N$. Quantum-classical correspondence has been found to be non-trivial in this case, however; the rate at which the control parameter changes must not be extremely slow and the initial distribution of energies must not be too narrow. In this paper we directly compare the quantum and classical forms of probabilistic hysteresis by making use of the Husimi quantum phase space formalism. In particular we demonstrate that the classical ergodization mechanism, which is a key ingredient in classical probabilistic hysteresis, can lead to a breakdown of quantum-classical correspondence rather than to quantum ergodization. As a result strong quantum effects in the long-term evolution are present, even though the quantum corrections in the equations of motion are proportional to $1/N$ and therefore would naively seem to be small. We also show, however, that quantum ergodization is restored by averaging over energies, so that for sufficient initial energy width and not-too-slow sweep rate the classical results are recovered after all. Finally we show that the formal incommutability of the classical and adiabatic limits in our system, leading to the breakdown of quantum-classical correspondence in the quasi-static limit, is due to macroscopic quantum tunneling through a large energetic barrier. This explains the extremely slow sweep rates needed to reach the quantum adiabatic limit that were reported in our previous work.
Spectroscopy at HERA
Creators: name: Kropivnitskaya, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent results on spectroscopy with special focus on searches for pentaquarks are presented from the H1 and ZEUS collaborations. Cross sections of observed states and upper limits on the production cross section of unobserved states are extracted in order to enable comparison between experiments. Measurements of the inclusive photoproduction of the neutral mesons eta, rho^0, f_0(980) and f_2(1270) in ep interactions at HERA at an average gamma-p collision energy of 210 GeV are also presented.
description: Talk presented at PHOTON2005, 5 pages, 4 figures
Physics-inspired forms of the Bayesian Cramér-Rao bound
Creators: name: Tsang, Mankei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Using differential geometry, I derive a form of the Bayesian Cramér-Rao bound that remains invariant under reparametrization. With the invariant formulation at hand, I find the optimal and naturally invariant bound among the Gill-Levit family of bounds. By assuming that the prior probability density is the square of a wavefunction, I also express the bounds in terms of functionals that are quadratic with respect to the wavefunction and its gradient. The problem of finding an unfavorable prior to tighten the bound for minimax estimation is shown, in a special case, to be equivalent to finding the ground state of a Schrödinger equation, with the Fisher information playing the role of the potential. To illustrate the theory, two quantum estimation problems, namely, optomechanical waveform estimation and subdiffraction incoherent optical imaging, are discussed.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures. v4: added generalization for a vectoral parameter of interest in the Appendix. Published
Winning Big but Feeling no Better? The Effect of Lottery Prizes on Physical and Mental Health
Creators: name: Apouey, Benedicte
name: Clark, Andrew E.
name: Apouey, Benedicte
name: Clark, Andrew E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Income
subject: Self-assessed health
subject: Mental health
subject: Smoking
subject: Drinking

description: We use British panel data to explore the exogenous impact of income on a number of individual health outcomes: general health status, mental health, physical health problems, and health behaviours (drinking and smoking). Lottery winnings allow us to make causal statements regarding the effect of income on health, as the amount won is largely exogenous. These positive income shocks have no significant effect on general health, but a large positive effect on mental health. This result seems paradoxical on two levels. First, there is a well-known status gradient in health in cross-section data, and, second, general health should partly reflect mental health, so that we may expect both variables to move in the same direction. We propose a solution to the first apparent paradox by underlining the endogeneity of income. For the second, we show that exogenous income is associated with greater risky health behaviours: lottery winners smoke more and engage in more social drinking. General health will pick up both mental health and the effect of these behaviours, and so may not improve following a positive income shock. This paper presents the first microeconomic analogue of previous work which has highlighted the negative health consequences of good macroeconomic conditions.
Downscattering due to Wind Outflows in Compact X-ray Sources: Theory and Interpretation
Creators: name: Titarchuk, Lev
name: Shrader, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A number of recent lines of evidence point towards the presence of hot, out-flowing plasma from the central regions of compact Galactic and extragalactic X-ray sources. Additionally, it has long been noted that many of these sources exhibit an ``excess'' continuum component, above 10 keV, usually attributed to Compton Reflection from a static medium. Motivated by these facts, as well as by recent observational constraints on the Compton reflection models - specifically apparently discrepant variability timescales for line and continuum components in some cases -- we consider possible effects of out-flowing plasma on the high-energy continuum spectra of accretion powered compact objects. We present a general formulation for photon downscattering diffusion which includes recoil and Comptonization effects due to divergence of the flow. We then develop an analytical theory for the spectral formation in such systems that allows us to derive formulae for the emergent spectrum. Finally we perform the analytical model fitting on several Galactic X-ray binaries. Objects which have been modeled with high-covering-fraction Compton reflectors, such as GS1353-64 are included in our analysis. In addition, Cyg X-3, is which is widely believed to be characterized by dense circumstellar winds with temperature of order 10^6 K, provides an interesting test case. Data from INTEGRAL and RXTE covering the 3-300 keV range are used in our analysis. We further consider the possibility that the widely noted distortion of the power-law continuum above 10 keV may in some cases be explained by these spectral softening effects.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal and scheduled for 1 December 2004, vol 616 issue
Overview of the Development and Applications of a Conceptual Framework for Analyzing Benefits and Costs of On-Farm Food Safety and Environmental Farm Plans
Creators: name: Hobbs, Jill E.
name: Gervais, Jean-Philippe
name: Gray, Richard S.
name: Kerr, William A.
name: Larue, Bruno
name: Wasylyniuk, Chad R.
name: Hobbs, Jill E.
name: Gervais, Jean-Philippe
name: Gray, Richard S.
name: Kerr, William A.
name: Larue, Bruno
name: Wasylyniuk, Chad R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Environmental Economics and Policy
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Production Economics
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This series of six reports entitled: "On-Farm Food Safety and Environmental Farm Plans: Identifying and Classifying Benefits and Costs" was initiated soon after the launch of the Agricultural Policy Framework (APF) in 2002. The APF recognized the importance of food safety and environmental concerns for the future growth of the agriculture and Agri-food sector. For this reason, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) commissioned this series of reports to develop a conceptual framework to strengthen our understanding of the potential benefit and cost implications of On-farm Food Safety (OFFS) and Environmental Farm Plans (EFP) that were key components of the APF. The reports were prepared by a group of academics with extensive knowledge of the agriculture and Agri-food sector and issues related to food safety, traceability and the environment. The first report presents a summary of the findings in the five main reports in the series. The second report presents the conceptual framework that was developed to help identify qualitatively the potential benefits and costs that the various players in the agriculture and agri-food supply chain would face in implementing OFFS and EFP programs. The third report applies this framework to pork, the fourth, to beef, the fifth, to grains and the sixth, to dairy. In general, benefits and costs are divided into both demand and supply side effects. In addition, both public and private costs and benefits are considered, especially since they help indicate where a role for government might be required and where markets are not working as well as they might. Based on these preliminary qualitative assessments, the beef and pork sector have more to gain from HACCP-based OFFS and EFP initiatives, due to their ability to gain market share from marketing their products internationally, while the grains sector already benefits internationally from its high quality reputation and the dairy sector is restricted to produce only for the domestic market. However, more work is required in these areas to validate and quantify costs and benefits.
Theoretical analysis of the transmission phase shift of a quantum dot in the presence of Kondo correlations
Creators: name: Jerez, A.
name: Vitushinsky, P.
name: Lavagna, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of Kondo correlations on the transmission phase shift of a quantum dot coupled to two leads in comparison with the experimental determinations made by Aharonov-Bohm (AB) quantum interferometry. We propose here a theoretical interpretation of these results based on scattering theory combined with Bethe ansatz calculations. We show that there is a factor of 2 difference between the phase of the S-matrix responsible for the shift in the AB oscillations, and the one controlling the conductance. Quantitative agreement is obtained with experimental results for two different values of the coupling to the leads.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Life on the edge : a public space vision for False Creek Flats
Creators: name: Enns, Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This project will explore public space design possibilities for one of Vancouver's major geomorphologic landscape edges: the Clark Drive escarpment and the East False Creek Flats. Once a tidal wetland that formed the eastern margins of False Creek, the area has been home to industrial and rail operations for the last century. In recent years, widespread interest for these lands has emerged in the face of changing land-use zoning and development opportunities. Increasingly, these interests are being translated into large-scale 'big box' business and commercial developments. It is argued, however, that an area such as this, one of great physical prominence in the heart of the urban social fabric with a unique blend of aesthetic and experiential potentials, must be planned and prioritized through a scope of social interaction and public spaces. A literature review on theories of urban landscape edges provides the initial ideological thrust of the project. Second, an examination of the City's public open space planning policies is compared with an overview of existing uses of Vancouver's major geomorphologic edges to discern possible connections between how we perceive our city and how we plan for it. In response, the role of these edges in a diversified public open space system is expanded upon using one of these geomorphologic edges, specifically the Clark Drive escarpment and East False Creek Flats, as a vision for social interaction. A detailed portion of this larger site is then the focus of a more intimate series of design interventions. The conclusions drawn herein offer insight into the nature of successful public places, ones that are strategically located, contextually responsive, highly used, and multifunctional. It is also recognized that great public places must function at a multitude of scales, as both centres for local activities and as components of larger wholes. Moreover, how we plan and prioritize for public open space is crucial not only to the success of the many individual places in and of themselves, but also to the success of the larger region in its ability to install in its users a strong sense of place and identity.
On-Farm Food Safety and Environmental Farm Plans: A Conceptual Framework for Identifying and Classifying Benefits and Costs
Creators: name: Hobbs, Jill E.
name: Gervais, Jean-Philippe
name: Gray, Richard S.
name: Kerr, William A.
name: Larue, Bruno
name: Hobbs, Jill E.
name: Gervais, Jean-Philippe
name: Gray, Richard S.
name: Kerr, William A.
name: Larue, Bruno
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Environmental Economics and Policy
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Production Economics
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This series of six reports entitled: "On-Farm Food Safety and Environmental Farm Plans: Identifying and Classifying Benefits and Costs" was initiated soon after the launch of the Agricultural Policy Framework (APF) in 2002. The APF recognized the importance of food safety and environmental concerns for the future growth of the agriculture and Agri-food sector. For this reason, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) commissioned this series of reports to develop a conceptual framework to strengthen our understanding of the potential benefit and cost implications of On-farm Food Safety (OFFS) and Environmental Farm Plans (EFP) that were key components of the APF. The reports were prepared by a group of academics with extensive knowledge of the agriculture and Agri-food sector and issues related to food safety, traceability and the environment. The first report presents a summary of the findings in the five main reports in the series. The second report presents the conceptual framework that was developed to help identify qualitatively the potential benefits and costs that the various players in the agriculture and agri-food supply chain would face in implementing OFFS and EFP programs. The third report applies this framework to pork, the fourth, to beef, the fifth, to grains and the sixth, to dairy. In general, benefits and costs are divided into both demand and supply side effects. In addition, both public and private costs and benefits are considered, especially since they help indicate where a role for government might be required and where markets are not working as well as they might. Based on these preliminary qualitative assessments, the beef and pork sector have more to gain from HACCP-based OFFS and EFP initiatives, due to their ability to gain market share from marketing their products internationally, while the grains sector already benefits internationally from its high quality reputation and the dairy sector is restricted to produce only for the domestic market. However, more work is required in these areas to validate and quantify costs and benefits.