cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Are Independent Retailers a Viable Distribution Channel for Local Foods? Evidence from Vermont
Creators: name: Kolodinsky, Jane M.
name: Roche, Erin
name: Desai, Sona
name: Campbell, Erica
name: Kolodinsky, Jane M.
name: Roche, Erin
name: Desai, Sona
name: Campbell, Erica
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: local food
subject: independent retailers
subject: demand
subject: market opportunity

description: Building strong local and regional food systems has been suggested as a way to revitalize rural communities, preserve the rural landscape, and improve nutrition of citizens. The challenges of increasing local food consumption focus on key drivers of demand that include geographic proximity, relationships with farmers, and support for local economies. There are also complicated demographic, psychographic and behavioral attributes of local food consumers, and issues of consumer access and affordability. The purported benefits of increasing consumption of locally grown food include improved farm profitability and viability, farmland conservation, improved public health, and closer social ties between farmers and consumers. An online survey of independent grocers was conducted in 2013 to determine the viability of using this retail channel to sell more local food in Vermont. Results show potential for distributing local products through the independent retailer supply chain. The most potential exists for the newer spirits category and the historically profitable local grocery items. There is also potential for increases in sales of prepared foods and meats. And, while there is demand for other product categories, revenue streams are lower. Importantly, the location and size of independent retailers, and population density of these locations, must be considered along with knowledge of demand.
Decoding morphogen patterning of human neural organoids with a multiplexed single-cell transcriptomic screen
Creators: name: Sanchís-Calleja, Fátima
name: Jain, Akanksha
name: He, Zhisong
name: Okamoto, Ryoko
name: Rusimbi, Charlotte
name: Rifes, Pedro
name: Singh Rathore, Gaurav
name: Santel, Malgorzata
name: Janssens, Jasper
name: Seimiya, Makiko
name: Fleck, Jonas Simon
name: Kirkeby, Agnete
name: Camp, J. Gray
name: Treutlein, Barbara
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: Morphogens, secreted signalling molecules that direct cell fate and tissue development, are used to direct neuroepithelial progenitors towards discrete regional identities across the central nervous system. Neural tissues derived from pluripotent stem cells in vitro (neural organoids) provide new models for studying neural regionalization, however, we lack a comprehensive survey of how the developing human neuroepithelium responds to morphogen cues. Here, we produce a detailed map of morphogen-induced effects on the axial and regional specification of human neural organoids using a multiplexed single-cell transcriptomics screen. We find that the timing, concentration, and combination of morphogens strongly influence organoid cell type and regional composition, and that cell line and neural induction method strongly impact the response to a given morphogen condition. We apply concentration gradients in microfluidic chips or a range of static concentrations in multi-well plates to explore how human neuroepithelium interprets morphogen concentrations and observe similar dose-dependent induction of patterned domains in both scenarios. Altogether, we provide a detailed resource that supports the development of new regionalized neural organoid protocols and enhances our understanding of human central nervous system patterning.
description: bioRxiv
Additional file 5 of Comprehensive research into prognostic and immune signatures of transcription factor family in breast cancer
Creators: name: Wu, Qing
name: Zheng, Shiyao
name: Lin, Nan
name: Xie, Xianhe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5: Figure S3. Heatmap of DNA methylation expression levels of the TFDEGs in BRCA by MethSurv platform.
Constraining domain wall dark matter with a network of superconducting gravimeters and LIGO
Creators: name: McNally, Rees L.
name: Zelevinsky, Tanya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is strong astrophysical evidence that dark matter (DM) makes up some 27% of all mass in the universe. Yet, beyond gravitational interactions, little is known about its properties or how it may connect to the Standard Model. Multiple frameworks have been proposed, and precision measurements at low energy have proven useful to help restrict the parameter space for many of these models. One set of models predicts that DM is a scalar field that "clumps" into regions of high local density, rather than being uniformly distributed throughout the galaxy. If this DM field couples to the Standard Model, its interaction with matter can be thought of as changing the effective values of fundamental constants. One generic consequence of time variation of fundamental constants (or their spatial variation as the Earth passes through regions of varying density) is the presence of an anomalous, composition-dependent acceleration. Here we show how this anomalous acceleration can be measured using superconducting accelerometers, and demonstrate that >20 years of archival data from the International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Services (IGETS) network can be utilized to set new bounds on these models. Furthermore, we show how LIGO and other gravitational wave detectors can be used as exquisitely sensitive probes for narrow ranges of the parameter space. While limited to DM models that feature spatial gradients, these two techniques complement the networks of precision measurement devices already in use for direct detection and identification of dark matter.
Eternally accelerating universe without event horizon
Creators: name: González-Díaz, Pedro F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Increasing astronomical evidence indicates that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. By simply solving Einstein equations we show in this letter that a wide class of generic quintessence models leading to eternal acceleration is associated with spacetime static metrics which do not exhibit future event horizons, and therefore do not pose the same problems for string theory as asymptotic de Sitter space.
description: 10 pages, LaTex
Euseius Wainstein 1962
Creators: name: Palevsky, Eric
name: Gal, Shira
name: Ueckermann, Edward A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Euseius

description: Euseius Wainstein, 1962b    Euseius Wainstein, 1962b, p. 15; Chant and McMurtry, 2007, p. 118.
 Type species. Seius finlandicus Oudemans, 1915.
description: Published as part of Palevsky, Eric, Gal, Shira & Ueckermann, Edward A., 2009, Phytoseiidae from date palms in Israel with descriptions of two new taxa and a key to the species found on date palms worldwide (Acari: Mesostigmata), pp. 1715-1747 in Journal of Natural History 43 (27 - 28) on page 1732, DOI: 10.1080/00222930902969484, http://zenodo.org/record/5216635
Corrigendum: How Do We Recognize Emotion From Movement? Specific Motor Components Contribute to the Recognition of Each Emotion (Frontiers in Psychology, (2019), 10, (1389), 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01389)
Creators: name: A Melzer
name: T Shafir
name: Tsachor, Rachelle
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: In the original article, there was a mistake in Figure 3 and Figure 4 as published. Figure 3 was mistakenly published attached to the figure legend of Figure 4, while Figure 4 was mistakenly put together with the figure legend for Figure 3. The corrected Figure 3 and Figure 4 appear below. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
Mapping out the Space of Human Feedback for Reinforcement Learning: A Conceptual Framework
Creators: name: Metz, Yannick
name: Lindner, David
name: Baur, Raphaël
name: El-Assady, Mennatallah
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: reinforcement learning from human feedback
RLHF
Framework
Human feedback
Human centered computing
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/004
Data processing, computer science

description: arXiv
Cydnoseius Muma 1967
Creators: name: Palevsky, Eric
name: Gal, Shira
name: Ueckermann, Edward A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Cydnoseius

description: Cydnoseius Muma 1967
 Cydnoseius Muma 1967, p. 274; Chant and McMurtry, 2007, p. 137.
 Type species. Cydnoseius negevi Swirski and Amitai 1961.
description: Published as part of Palevsky, Eric, Gal, Shira & Ueckermann, Edward A., 2009, Phytoseiidae from date palms in Israel with descriptions of two new taxa and a key to the species found on date palms worldwide (Acari: Mesostigmata), pp. 1715-1747 in Journal of Natural History 43 (27 - 28) on page 1732, DOI: 10.1080/00222930902969484, http://zenodo.org/record/5216635
Effective theory approach to unstable particle production
Creators: name: Beneke, M.
name: Chapovsky, A. P.
name: Signer, A.
name: Zanderighi, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the hierarchy of scales between the mass, $M$, and the width, $Γ$, of a heavy, unstable particle we construct an effective theory that allows calculations for resonant processes to be systematically expanded in powers of the coupling $α$ and $Γ/M$. We illustrate the method by computing the next-to-leading order line shape of a scalar resonance in an abelian gauge-Yukawa model.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Quadratic, Higgs and hilltop potentials in the Palatini gravity
Creators: name: Bostan, Nilay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study inflation with the non-minimally coupled quadratic, Standard Model (SM) Higgs and hilltop potentials through $ξϕ^2R$ term in the Palatini gravity. We first analyze observational parameters of Palatini quadratic potential as functions of $ξ$ for high-$N$ scenario and low-$N$ scenario. In addition to this, taking into account inflaton $ϕ$ has a non-zero vacuum expectation value $v$ afterwards inflation, we display observational parameters of well-known symmetry-breaking potentials type of Higgs potential and its generalizations which are hilltop potentials in the Palatini formalism for high-$N$ scenario and low-$N$ scenario. We calculate inflationary parameters of Palatini Higgs potential as functions of $v$ for different $ξ$ values where inflaton values both $ϕ>v$ and $ϕ
description: 1+21 pages, 18 figures
Neuromorphic dreaming: A pathway to efficient learning in artificial agents
Creators: name: Blakowski, Ingo
name: Zendrikov, Dmitrii
name: Capone, Cristiano
name: Indiveri, Giacomo
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Achieving energy efficiency in learning is a key challenge for artificial intelligence (AI) computing platforms. Biological systems demonstrate remarkable abilities to learn complex skills quickly and efficiently. Inspired by this, we present a hardware implementation of model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) using spiking neural networks (SNNs) on mixed-signal analog/digital neuromorphic hardware. This approach leverages the energy efficiency of mixed-signal neuromorphic chips while achieving high sample efficiency through an alternation of online learning, referred to as the "awake" phase, and offline learning, known as the "dreaming" phase. The model proposed includes two symbiotic networks: an agent network that learns by combining real and simulated experiences, and a learned world model network that generates the simulated experiences. We validate the model by training the hardware implementation to play the Atari game Pong. We start from a baseline consisting of an agent network learning without a world model and dreaming, which successfully learns to play the game. By incorporating dreaming, the number of required real game experiences are reduced significantly compared to the baseline. The networks are implemented using a mixed-signal neuromorphic processor, with the readout layers trained using a computer in-the-loop, while the other layers remain fixed. These results pave the way toward energy-efficient neuromorphic learning systems capable of rapid learning in real world applications and use-cases.
description: arXiv
Online Epileptic Seizure Detection in Long-term iEEG Recordings Using Mixed-signal Neuromorphic Circuits
Creators: name: Gallou, Olympia
name: Bartels, Jim
name: Ghosh, Saptarshi
name: Schindler, Kaspar
name: Sarnthein, Johannes
name: Indiveri, Giacomo
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: EEG
Seizure detection
Event-based processing
Spiking neural networks
Neuromorphic processors
Edge computing

description: Seizure detection stands as a critical aspect of epilepsy management, which requires continuous monitoring to improve patient care. However, existing monitoring systems face challenges in providing reliable, long-term, portable solutions due to the computational expense and power demands of continuous processing and data transmission. Edge computing offers a viable solution by enabling efficient processing locally, close to the sensors and without having to transmit the sensory signals to remote computing platforms. In this work, we present a mixed-signal hardware implementation of a biologically realistic Spiking Neural Network (SNN) for always-on monitoring with on-line seizure detection. We validated the hardware system with wideband Electroencephalography (EEG) signal recordings with over 122 continuous hours of data, without pre-filtering. The network was tested with a cohort of 5 patients and a total number of 22 seizures including generalized and focal onsets. Our system effectively captures spatiotemporal features based on synchronized multichannel intracranial EEG activity, achieving 100% sensitivity across all patients and near zero false alarms. Remarkably, inference across patients required only calibrating the parameters of the network’s output layer on a single recorded seizure from the patient.
description: medRxiv
MOESM3 of Assessing the impact of the addition of pyriproxyfen on the durability of permethrin-treated bed nets in Burkina Faso: a compound-randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Kobié Toé
name: Mechan, Frank
name: Julie-Anne Tangena
name: Morris, Marion
name: Solino, Joanna
name: Tchicaya, Emile
name: Traoré, Alphonse
name: Hanafy Ismail
name: Maas, James
name: Lissenden, Natalie
name: Pinder, Margaret
name: Lindsay, Steve
name: Tiono, Alfred
name: Ranson, Hilary
name: N’Falé Sagnon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Questionnaire administered to heads of households.
Exact solution of the time-dependent harmonic plus an inverse harmonic potential with a time-dependent electromagnetic field
Creators: name: Yuce, Cem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, the problem of the charged harmonic plus an inverse harmonic oscillator with time-dependent mass and frequency in a time-dependent electromagnetic field is investigated. It is reduced to the problem of the inverse harmonic oscillator with time-independent parameters and the exact wave function is obtained.
description: 6 pages, RevTex formatted
Johan Sverdrup world's first multivendor HVDC system in grid forming operation
Creators: name: Sharifabadi, Kamran
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: wind
wind power
wind turbines
floating wind
offshore wind

description: This presentation was part of the SP5 & SP6 WEBINAR on Grid solutions to realize 450 GW of offshore wind capacity by 2050.
Ultra-high energy neutrino searches and GW follow-up with the Pierre Auger Observatory
Creators: name: Schimp, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The surface detector array (SD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory is sensitive to neutrinos at energies in the 100 PeV to 100 EeV range. This sensitivity, together with its large acceptance, makes it a complementary detector to other neutrino telescopes, which have their peak sensitivities at lower energies. The neutrino-induced air showers that the SD of the Pierre Auger Observatory is sensitive to can be divided into those induced by interactions of neutrinos of any flavor deep in the atmosphere, and those induced by charged-current interactions of tau neutrinos in the Earth's crust. Both of these types can be efficiently distinguished from cosmic ray-induced air showers, provided that their zenith angles are larger than 60°. As no neutrino candidates were found in the performed searches, we present limits on the diffuse all-flavor neutrino flux. Using these limits, we obtained constraints on cosmic-ray and neutrino production models. In the light of the recent observations of gravitational waves (GW), we also present the follow-up of LIGO/Virgo GW events. These include binary black hole merger events and also GW170817, the only binary neutron star merger ever observed directly.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, Proceeding of 11th Cosmic Ray International Seminar (CRIS 2018) "Entering the Era of Multi-Messenger Astronomy"
Challenging Backpropagation: Evidence for Target Learning in the Cortex
Creators: name: Vilimelis Aceituno, Pau
name: de Haan, Sander
name: Loidl, Reinhard
name: Grewe, Benjamin
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: Studies at the intersection of neuroscience and machine learning have offered new insights to explain hierarchical learning in the neocortex. Two competing hypotheses have emerged: deep learninginspired approximations of the backpropagation algorithm, where neurons adjust synapses to minimize the error, and target learning algorithms, where neurons learn by reducing the feedback needed to achieve a desired activity. Despite decades of research and theoretical arguments supporting either possibility, there is currently no conclusive evidence for either hypothesis. We address this long-standing question by focusing on the relationship between synaptic plasticity and the somatic activity of pyramidal neurons. We first build a pyramidal neuron model integrating subcellular processes including calcium dynamics, backpropagating action potentials, and plateau potentials. Our model predicts that apical synaptic inputs drive basal synaptic plasticity through somatic depolarization caused by plateau potentials. We then test this prediction through in vitro electrophysiology experiments in which we co-stimulate apical and basal synapses to induce basal plasticity. These results allow us to derive distinct predictions for both the target learning and backpropagation hypotheses which we test on in vivo neuronal activity data from the mouse visual cortex. Our findings reveal that cortical learning is consistent with target learning, but not backpropagation, highlighting a critical discrepancy between deep learning and hierarchical learning in the neocortex.
description: bioRxiv
Generalizing Information to the Evolution of Rational Belief
Creators: name: Duersch, Jed A.
name: Catanach, Thomas A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 94A15, 62A01, 62B10, 62F15, 68Q32, 94A17

description: Information theory provides a mathematical foundation to measure uncertainty in belief. Belief is represented by a probability distribution that captures our understanding of an outcome's plausibility. Information measures based on Shannon's concept of entropy include realization information, Kullback-Leibler divergence, Lindley's information in experiment, cross entropy, and mutual information. We derive a general theory of information from first principles that accounts for evolving belief and recovers all of these measures. Rather than simply gauging uncertainty, information is understood in this theory to measure change in belief. We may then regard entropy as the information we expect to gain upon realization of a discrete latent random variable. This theory of information is compatible with the Bayesian paradigm in which rational belief is updated as evidence becomes available. Furthermore, this theory admits novel measures of information with well-defined properties, which we explore in both analysis and experiment. This view of information illuminates the study of machine learning by allowing us to quantify information captured by a predictive model and distinguish it from residual information contained in training data. We gain related insights regarding feature selection, anomaly detection, and novel Bayesian approaches.
Neutron stars from crust to core within the Quark-meson coupling model
Creators: name: Antic, Sofija
name: Stone, Jirina R.
name: Thomas, Anthony W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent years continue to be an exciting time for the neutron star physics, providing many new observations and insights to these natural laboratories of cold dense matter. To describe them, there are many models on the market but still none that would reproduce all observed and experimental data. The quark-meson coupling model stands out with its natural inclusion of hyperons as dense matter building blocks, and fewer parameters necessary to obtain the nuclear matter equation of state. The latest advances of the QMC model and its application to the neutron star physics will be presented, within which we build the neutron star's outer crust from finite nuclei up to the neutron drip line. The appearance of different elements and their position in the crust of a neutron star is explored and compared to the predictions of various models, giving the same quality of the results for the QMC model as for the models when the nucleon structure is not taken into account.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, conference proceedings HIAS2019
Modelling the World Wine Market to 2005: Impacts of Structural and Policy Changes
Creators: name: Wittwer, Glyn
name: Berger, Nicholas
name: Anderson, Kym
name: Wittwer, Glyn
name: Berger, Nicholas
name: Anderson, Kym
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: wine
subject: grapes
subject: global wine modelling

description: This paper addresses the question: What will the global wine market look like by 2005, when premium wine from Australian and other New World plantings will be ready to market? It does so using a newly developed World Multisectoral Wine Model which distinguishes premium from non-premium grapes and wine. After describing the model, we present results of projecting it from 1999 to 2005 to estimate the impact of known winegrape plantings of the late 1990s on producer and consumer prices in different regions, without and then with additional effective market promotion by Australia. Using the latter 2005 scenario as the base, we then examine in turn the effects on the global market of a strengthening of the US dollar, of a spread of Pierce’s Disease in California, of a European trade policy response to the growth in premium wine exports from the New World, and of a reduction in wholesale and retail margins on beverage wines (thanks to expanding supermarket and internet sales). Production, trade and welfare results are provided for ten regions spanning the world.
Constructing the Goedel universe
Creators: name: Burghardt, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By a suitable transformation, we derive the rotating Goedel universe from a static one and we show, how rotation may be implemented geometrically. The rotation law turns out to be a differential one. By increasing distance from the rotation axis the velocity of a rotating point will exceed the velocity of light and the cosmos has a cut-off radius. Thus, closed time-like curves do not occur in the Goedel universe.
description: 7 pages
Metaseiulus Muma 1961
Creators: name: Palevsky, Eric
name: Gal, Shira
name: Ueckermann, Edward A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Metaseiulus

description: Metaseiulus Muma 1961
 Metaseiulus Muma 1961, p. 294; Chant and McMurtry, 2007, p. 169.
 Type species. Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) validus Chant 1957.
description: Published as part of Palevsky, Eric, Gal, Shira & Ueckermann, Edward A., 2009, Phytoseiidae from date palms in Israel with descriptions of two new taxa and a key to the species found on date palms worldwide (Acari: Mesostigmata), pp. 1715-1747 in Journal of Natural History 43 (27 - 28) on page 1736, DOI: 10.1080/00222930902969484, http://zenodo.org/record/5216635
Market chain analysis of smallholder coffee producers in debub ari district of south omo zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Y Alemayehu
name: Y Alemayehu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Coffee market
subject: Structure
subject: Conduct
subject: Performance
subject: Southern Ethiopia

description: his study mainly aimed at analyzing market chain analysis of coffee in the Debub Ari District. The descriptive and S-C-P model was used. Both primary and secondary data were collected from the study area. The multi-stage sampling technique employed for this study. A total of 194 coffee producer household heads have been randomly selected and interviewed with the help of pre-tested structured questionnaire. The focus group discussion and key informants interviews were conducted to supplement the formal data. The results of S-C-P model indicated that the four firms concentration ratio (CR4) result in the study area was found to be tight oligopolistic for both red and dry coffee which accounts 89.2 and 80.0%, respectively. About 72% of price setting was done by buyers, 27% negotiation and 1% by the producers. There are seven market channels, which have been identified in the study area. The computed marketing margin among different actors and channels indicated that the total gross marketing margin (TGMM) of coffee is high in channel I, II, III whereas the producers marketing margin (GMMp) was highest in channel VII. Therefore, the intervention is needed to improve coffee marketing chain through promoting cooperatives, infrastructural development and timely market information for efficient marketing system in the study area.
MOESM4 of Assessing the impact of the addition of pyriproxyfen on the durability of permethrin-treated bed nets in Burkina Faso: a compound-randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Kobié Toé
name: Mechan, Frank
name: Julie-Anne Tangena
name: Morris, Marion
name: Solino, Joanna
name: Tchicaya, Emile
name: Traoré, Alphonse
name: Hanafy Ismail
name: Maas, James
name: Lissenden, Natalie
name: Pinder, Margaret
name: Lindsay, Steve
name: Tiono, Alfred
name: Ranson, Hilary
name: N’Falé Sagnon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4. Adjusted mortality of susceptible An. gambiae (Kisumu strain) mosquitoes exposed in cone bioassays to PPF-permethrin nets and LLINs at LSTM.
The Intrinsic Scatter of the Radial Acceleration Relation
Creators: name: Stone, Connor
name: Courteau, Stephane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed Monte Carlo model of observational errors in observed galaxy scaling relations to recover the intrinsic (cosmic) scatter driven by galaxy formation and evolution processes. We apply our method to the stellar radial acceleration relation (RAR) which compares the local observed radial acceleration to the local Newtonian radial acceleration computed from the stellar mass distribution. The stellar and baryonic RAR are known to exhibit similar scatter. Lelli+2017 (L17) studied the baryonic RAR using a sample of 153 spiral galaxies and inferred a negligible intrinsic scatter. If true, a small scatter might challenge the LCDM galaxy formation paradigm, possibly favoring a modified Newtonian dynamics interpretation. The intrinsic scatter of the baryonic RAR is predicted by modern LCDM simulations to be ~0.06-0.08 dex, contrasting with the null value reported by L17. We have assembled a catalog of structural properties with over 2500 spiral galaxies from six deep imaging and spectroscopic surveys (called PROBES for the "Photometry and Rotation curve OBservations from Extragalactic Surveys") to quantify the intrinsic scatter of the stellar RAR and other scaling relations. The stellar RAR for our full sample has a median observed scatter of 0.17 dex. We use our Monte Carlo method, which accounts for all major sources of measurement uncertainty, to infer a contribution of 0.12 dex from the observational errors. The intrinsic scatter of the stellar RAR is thus estimated to be 0.11$\pm$0.02 dex, in agreement with, though slightly greater than, current LCDM predictions.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, 7 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
A physical emulation of somatosensory cortex as a Neuromorphic Twin for neural prostheses
Creators: name: Ramirez, Hector
name: Donati, Elisa
name: von der Behrens, Wolfger
name: Indiveri, Giacomo
name: Valle, Giacomo
name: Vanattou-Saïfoudine, Natacha
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: Loss of tactile feedback in patients with paralysis or limb loss prevents the integration of sensory-motor signals, limiting dexterous motor control. Recent advances in the neurostimulation of the human somatosensory cortex offer the possibility of restoring touch in these patients. Brain-computer interfaces and bidirectional prostheses with implantable electrodes can restore feedback, improving control, awareness, and quality of life. However, current electrical stimulation methods lack the fidelity to consistently and reliably reproduce natural sensations, and the impact of this stimulation on the somatosensory cortex remains unclear. Here we propose to use a mixed-signal neuromorphic processing system to construct a “neuromorphic twin” of the somatosensory cortex, following a bottom-up approach for emulating and reproducing its intricate dynamics. We use the analog properties of electronic neuron and synapse circuits to faithfully replicate neural and synaptic response properties. To reproduce effects at the network level, we configure the neuromorphic processor to implement the recurrent connectivity patterns of the somatosensory cortex among different populations of excitatory and inhibitory silicon neurons. Our findings demonstrate the twin’s ability to reproduce the spatiotemporal firing patterns of the native neuronal population receiving afferent fiber inputs, resulting in a highly bio-realistic model that can be used to investigate the effect of different stimulation patterns. This physical emulation of the cortical circuits represents therefore an additional tool to understand and predict the somatosensory cortex behavior under neurostimulation. Using this system, neurostimulation patterns can be optimized to produce more natural sensations and ultimately improve the quality of restored feedback, leading to a better quality of life for affected patients.
description: Research Square
description: ISSN:2693-5015
Brane Cosmology
Creators: name: Papantonopoulos, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of these lectures is to give a brief introduction to brane cosmology. After introducing some basic geometrical notions, we discuss the cosmology of a brane universe with matter localized on the brane. Then we introduce an intrinsic curvature scalar term in the bulk action, and analyze the cosmology of this induced gravity. Finally we present the cosmology of a moving brane in the background of other branes, and as a particular example, we discuss the cosmological evolution of a test brane moving in a background of a Type-0 string theory.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures, Lectures presented at the First Aegean Summer School on Cosmology, Samos, September 2001 References added
Items or Relations -- what do Artificial Neural Networks learn?
Creators: name: Krause, Renate
name: Reimann, Stefan
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Auto-associative network
Symmetry
Generalization
ARC

description: What has an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) learned after being successfully trained to solve a task - the set of training items or the relations between them? This question is difficult to answer for modern applied ANNs because of their enormous size and complexity. Therefore, here we consider a low-dimensional network and a simple task, i.e., the network has to reproduce a set of training items identically. We construct the family of solutions analytically and use standard learning algorithms to obtain numerical solutions. These numerical solutions differ depending on the optimization algorithm and the weight initialization and are shown to be particular members of the family of analytical solutions. In this simple setting, we observe that the general structure of the network weights represents the training set's symmetry group, i.e., the relations between training items. As a consequence, linear networks generalize, i.e., reproduce items that were not part of the training set but are consistent with the symmetry of the training set. In contrast, non-linear networks tend to learn individual training items and show associative memory. At the same time, their ability to generalize is limited. A higher degree of generalization is obtained for networks whose activation function contains a linear regime, such as tanh. Our results suggest ANN's ability to generalize - instead of learning items - could be improved by generating a sufficiently big set of elementary operations to represent relations and strongly depends on the applied non-linearity.
description: arXiv
MOESM2 of Assessing the impact of the addition of pyriproxyfen on the durability of permethrin-treated bed nets in Burkina Faso: a compound-randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Kobié Toé
name: Mechan, Frank
name: Julie-Anne Tangena
name: Morris, Marion
name: Solino, Joanna
name: Tchicaya, Emile
name: Traoré, Alphonse
name: Hanafy Ismail
name: Maas, James
name: Lissenden, Natalie
name: Pinder, Margaret
name: Lindsay, Steve
name: Tiono, Alfred
name: Ranson, Hilary
name: N’Falé Sagnon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2. Study profile.
Typhlodromus Scheuten 1857
Creators: name: Palevsky, Eric
name: Gal, Shira
name: Ueckermann, Edward A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Typhlodromus

description: Typhlodromus Scheuten 1857
 Typhlodromus Scheuten 1857, p. 111; Chant and McMurtry, 2007 p. 147.
 Type species. Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten 1857.
description: Published as part of Palevsky, Eric, Gal, Shira & Ueckermann, Edward A., 2009, Phytoseiidae from date palms in Israel with descriptions of two new taxa and a key to the species found on date palms worldwide (Acari: Mesostigmata), pp. 1715-1747 in Journal of Natural History 43 (27 - 28) on page 1737, DOI: 10.1080/00222930902969484, http://zenodo.org/record/5216635
Anisotropic strain effects in small-twist-angle graphene on graphite
Creators: name: Szendrő, Márton
name: Pálinkás, András
name: Süle, Péter
name: Osváth, Zoltán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The direct experimental probing of locally varying lattice parameters and anisotropic lattice deformations in atomic multilayers is extremely challenging. Here, we develop a new combined numerical/graphical method for the analysis of irregular moiré superstructures measured by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on a small-twist-angle ($\sim$0.6$^{\circ}$) graphene on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (gr/HOPG). We observe distorted moiré patterns with a spatially varying period in annealed gr/HOPG. The nanoscale modulation of the moiré period observed by STM reflects a locally strained (and sheared) graphene with anisotropic variation of the lattice parameters. We use a specific algorithm based on a rigid lattice Fourier method, which is able to reconstruct the irregular and distorted moiré patterns emerging from strain-induced lattice deformations. Our model is universal and can be used to study different moiré patterns occurring in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures. Additionally, room temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements show electronic states at the Dirac point, localized on moiré hills, which increase significantly the apparent corrugation of the moiré pattern. The measured topography is compared to classical molecular dynamics simulations. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that an AAB stacked trilayer region itself can contribute electronic states near the Fermi-level, in agreement with the measured peak in the local density of states. Furthermore, CMD calculations reveal direction-dependent bond alternations ($\sim$0.5$\%$) around the stacking regions, induced by shear strain, which could influence electronic properties.
Solvability of equations in elementary functions
Creators: name: Kanel-Belov, Alexey
name: Malistov, Alexey
name: Zaytsev, Rodion
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14Q99

description: We prove that the equation $\tan(x) - x = a$ is unsolvable in elementary functions
description: 8 pages, SZU, MIPT, HSE
Socratic Reasoning Improves Positive Text Rewriting
Creators: name: Goel, Anmol
name: Daheim, Nico
name: Gurevych, Iryna
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reframing a negative into a positive thought is at the crux of several cognitive approaches to mental health and psychotherapy that could be made more accessible by large language model-based solutions. Such reframing is typically non-trivial and requires multiple rationalization steps to uncover the underlying issue of a negative thought and transform it to be more positive. However, this rationalization process is currently neglected by both datasets and models which reframe thoughts in one step. In this work, we address this gap by augmenting open-source datasets for positive text rewriting with synthetically-generated Socratic rationales using a novel framework called \textsc{SocraticReframe}. \textsc{SocraticReframe} uses a sequence of question-answer pairs to rationalize the thought rewriting process. We show that such Socratic rationales significantly improve positive text rewriting for different open-source LLMs according to both automatic and human evaluations guided by criteria from psychotherapy research.
description: arXiv
Allotropa mecrida
Creators: name: Buhl, Peter N.
name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Ericales
Ericaceae
Allotropa
Allotropa mecrida

description: Allotropa mecrida (Walker, 1835)
England: Suffolk, Westhall, 1 female, 17–21 August 1981, Cogan, B.H. (BMNH).
Recorded from London by Walker (1835) and from the Isle of Man by Buhl and Bennett (2009).
description: Published as part of Buhl, Peter N. & Notton, David G., 2009, A revised catalogue of the Platygastridae of the British Isles (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea), pp. 1651-1703 in Journal of Natural History 43 (27 - 28) on page 1653, DOI: 10.1080/00222930902993732, http://zenodo.org/record/5216619
Gauge freedom, quantum measurements, and time-dependent interactions in cavity and circuit QED
Creators: name: Settineri, Alessio
name: Di Stefano, Omar
name: Zueco, David
name: Hughes, Stephen
name: Savasta, Salvatore
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction between the electromagnetic field inside a cavity and natural or artificial atoms has played a crucial role in developing our understanding of light-matter interaction, and is central to various quantum technologies. Recently, new regimes beyond the weak and strong light-matter coupling have been explored in several settings. These regimes, where the interaction strength is comparable (ultrastrong) or even higher (deep-strong) than the transition frequencies in the system, can give rise to new physical effects and applications. At the same time, they challenge our understanding of cavity QED. When the interaction strength is so high, fundamental issues like the proper definition of subsystems and of their quantum measurements, the structure of light-matter ground states, or the analysis of time-dependent interactions are subject to ambiguities leading to even qualitatively distinct predictions. The resolution of these ambiguities is also important for understanding and designing next-generation quantum devices that will exploit the ultrastrong coupling regime. Here we discuss and provide solutions to these issues.
description: 52 pages and 10 figures
On the fate of singularities and horizons in higher derivative gravity
Creators: name: Holdom, Bob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study static spherically symmetric solutions of high derivative gravity theories, with 4, 6, 8 and even 10 derivatives. Except for isolated points in the space of theories with more than 4 derivatives, only solutions that are nonsingular near the origin are found. But these solutions cannot smooth out the Schwarzschild singularity without the appearance of a second horizon. This conundrum, and the possibility of singularities at finite r, leads us to study numerical solutions of theories truncated at four derivatives. Rather than two horizons we are led to the suggestion that the original horizon is replaced by a rapid nonsingular transition from weak to strong gravity. We also consider this possibility for the de Sitter horizon.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, improvements and references added, to appear in PRD
Decoding gestures from intraneural recordings of a transradial amputee using event-based processing
Creators: name: Baracat, Farah
name: Mazzoni, Alberto
name: Micera, Silvestro
name: Indiveri, Giacomo
name: Donati, Elisa
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Electroneurogram signal (ENG)
Spiking neural networks
Neuromorphic computing
Motor commands decoding
Bidirectional neural prosthesis

description: Recent progress has been made in bi-directional peripheral nerve interfaces, which is showing significant potential for restoring dexterity and providing tactile sensory feedback to upper-limb amputees. However, while most advancements have focused on expanding the range of sensations that intraneural intrafascicular electrodes can elicit in real-time experiments, the accuracy of motor intention decoding has not yet reached the level required for real-time application. In this paper, we present a spiking neural network computational model for pre-processing and decoding motor commands from Transverse Intrafasicular Mulichannel Electrodes (TIMEs), optimized to improve accuracy, reduce the computational complexity of the decoder and adhere to real-time constraints. The network has been designed to support a fully event-based neuromorphic processing architecture, suitable for implementation on compact, low-power hardware. We demonstrate the benefits of event-based computation, with results showing the successful decoding of four gestures from TIME signals of a transradial amputee. The accuracy of the classification increases from 63.03% ± 6.92% of a conventional SVM-based pipeline to 73.03% ± 2.18% of the event-based approach with a spiking neural network.
description: TechRxiv
Book Reviews
Creators: name: RABINOWICZ, EWA
name: COLLINSON, M.P.
name: RABINOWICZ, EWA
name: COLLINSON, M.P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Books Reviewed: Elements of Agricultural Trade Policies by J.P. Houck. Macmillan; The Economics of Tropical Farm Management by J.P. Makeham and L.R. Malcolm
Genetic Motifs as a Blueprint for Mismatch-Tolerant Neuromorphic Computing
Creators: name: Boccato, Tommaso
name: Zendrikov, Dmitrii
name: Toschi, Nicola
name: Indiveri, Giacomo
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Spiking neural networks
Mixed-signal chips
Device mismatch
Network neuroscience

description: Mixed-signal implementations of SNNs offer a promising solution to edge computing applications that require low-power and compact embedded processing systems. However, device mismatch in the analog circuits of these neuromorphic processors poses a significant challenge to the deployment of robust processing in these systems. Here we introduce a novel architectural solution inspired by biological development to address this issue. Specifically we propose to implement architectures that incorporate network motifs found in developed brains through a differentiable re-parameterization of weight matrices based on gene expression patterns and genetic rules. Thanks to the gradient descent optimization compatibility of the method proposed, we can apply the robustness of biological neural development to neuromorphic computing.
description: arXiv