cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
[mu]SR measurement of the magnetic penetration depth and coherence length in the high-T superconductor YBa₂Cu₃O₆ 95
Creators: name: Riseman, Tanya M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: This thesis is concerned with the temperature dependence and anisotropy of the magnetic penetration depth (A) and the Ginzburg-Landau parameter K A/e in the high temperature superconductor YBa2Cu306.95 as observed by OR measurements of the local field inhomogeneity produced by the vortex state. Measurements were taken on a mosaic of single crystals in applied fields in three field regimes: low (A < L), moderate (A > L) and high (A > L > e), where L is the intervortex spacing and e is the coherence length. The anisotropy of A leads to variation in the measured field inhomogeneity as a function of the angle between the applied field and e axis of the crystal. Measurements in 100 G are consistent with an anisotropy of five. If the applied field is not parallel to one of the superconductor's principal axes, an attractive force between vortices along one direction arises when the superconductor is cooled in a constant and low field. When the net intervortex repulsion exceeds the forces pinning the vortices in place, the aspect ratio of the isosceles triangle defining the vortex lattice will change. Unfortunately, the degree of disorder, where disorder is defined as the mean deviation of the vortices from their ideal positions in the lattice relative to the distance between vortices, makes it impossible to determine the low temperature aspect ratio in YBa2Cu306.95 using OR. In the high field data, the degree of disorder has an upper limit of 5.5%. In the vortex lattice, the maximum field is reached at the vortex core, which has a radius of e. In the low and moderate field regimes, the core occupies a very small percentage of the unit cell of the lattice, so the maximum field is not observable by ASR. In the high field regime, the core results in a high field cutoff in the distribution of local fields, which can be observed directly in the Fourier transform of ttSR data. Fitting both Aab and eab simultaneously in fields of 1.9 T,4.1 T, 4.7 T and 6.5 T applied parallel to the e axis of YBa2Cu306.95 yields Kai) = 70+ 6 between30 K and 75 K. At 10 K, Aab is measured to be 0.1490 + 0.0120 pm.
Scaling of $v_2$ in heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Torrieri, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We interpret the scaling of the corrected elliptic flow parameter w.r.t. the corrected multiplicity, observed to hold in heavy ion collisions for a wide variety of energies and system sizes. We use dimensional analysis and power-counting arguments to place constraints on the changes of initial conditions in systems with different center of mass energy $\sqrt{s}$. Specifically, we show that a large class of changes in the (initial) equation of state, mean free path, and longitudinal geometry over the observed $\sqrt{s}$ are likely to spoil the scaling in $v_2$ observed experimentally. We therefore argue that the system produced at most Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) and Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) energies is fundamentally the same as far as the soft and approximately thermalized degrees of freedom are considered. The ``sQGP'' (Strongly interacting Quark-Gluon Plasma) phase, if it is there, is therefore not exclusive to RHIC. We suggest, as a goal for further low-energy heavy ion experiments, to search for a ``transition'' $\sqrt{s}$ where the observed scaling breaks.
description: Accepted for publication by Phys. Rev. C Based on presentation in mini-symposium on QGP collective properties, Frankfurt. Discussion expanded, results added
Parameter-free quantitative simulation of high dose microstructure and hydrogen retention in ion-irradiated tungsten
Creators: name: Mason, Daniel R.
name: Granberg, Fredric
name: Boleininger, Max
name: Schwarz-Selinger, Thomas
name: Nordlund, Kai
name: Dudarev, Sergei L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrogen isotopes are retained in materials for fusion power applications, changing both hydrogen embrittlement and tritium inventory as the microstructure undergoes irradiation damage. But modelling of highly damaged materials - exposed to over 0.1 displacements per atom (dpa) - where asymptotic saturation is observed, for example tungsten facing the plasma in a fusion tokamak reactor, is difficult because a highly damaged microstructure cannot be treated as weakly interacting isolated defect traps. In this paper we develop computational techniques to find the defect content in highly irradiated materials without adjustable parameters. First we show how to generate converged high dose (>1 dpa) microstructures using a combination of the creation-relaxation algorithm and molecular dynamics simulations of collision cascades. Then we make robust estimates of point defects and void regions with simple developments of the Wigner-Seitz decomposition of lattice sites. We use our estimates of the void surface area to predict the deuterium retention capacity of tungsten as a function of dose. This is then compared to 3He nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) measurements of tungsten samples self-irradiated at 290 K to different damage doses and exposed to deuterium plasma at low energy at 370 K. We show that our simulated microstructures give an excellent match to the experimental data, with both model and experiment showing 1.5-2.0 at.% deuterium retained in tungsten in the limit of high dose.
description: preprint for submission to journal
Algebraic Signal Processing Theory: Cooley-Tukey Type Algorithms for DCTs and DSTs
Creators: name: Pueschel, Markus
name: Moura, Jose M. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.1

description: This paper presents a systematic methodology based on the algebraic theory of signal processing to classify and derive fast algorithms for linear transforms. Instead of manipulating the entries of transform matrices, our approach derives the algorithms by stepwise decomposition of the associated signal models, or polynomial algebras. This decomposition is based on two generic methods or algebraic principles that generalize the well-known Cooley-Tukey FFT and make the algorithms' derivations concise and transparent. Application to the 16 discrete cosine and sine transforms yields a large class of fast algorithms, many of which have not been found before.
description: 31 pages, more information at http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~smart
Αυτόματος εποπτικός έλεγχος και λειτουργία υβριδικού συστήματος παραγωγής και αποθήκευσης ενέργειας με χρήση κυψέλης καυσίμου υψηλής θερμοκρασίας και αναμόρφωσης LPG μαθηματική μοντελοποίηση και προσομοίωση του συστήματος παραγωγής H2
Creators: name: Καραγεώργος, Παναγιώτης Φωτίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2020
Subjects: Αναμόρφωση LPG με Ατμό
Εποπτικός έλεγχος και αποθήκευση δεδομένων
Σύστημα παραγωγής υδρογόνου
LPG Steam Reforming
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
Hydrogen production system

description: Το αντικείμενο της εργασίας αυτής αποτελείται από δύο σκέλη. Το πρώτο είναι η ολοκληρωμένη εποπτεία και ο αποτελεσματικός έλεγχος υβριδικού συστήματος παραγωγής και αποθήκευσης ενέργειας. Το δεύτερο είναι η αξιολόγηση μαθηματικών μοντέλων που περιγράφουν συστήματα παραγωγής υδρογόνου. Το εν λόγω σύστημα, που βρίσκεται στις εγκαταστάσεις του EKETA, παράγει ηλεκτρική ενέργεια με την βοήθεια κυψέλης καυσίμου υψηλής θερμοκρασίας που τροφοδοτείται από υδρογόνο το οποίο παράγεται κατά την αναμόρφωση υγραερίου. Αρχικά, πραγματοποιήθηκε η ενσωμάτωση του προγραμματιζόμενου λογικού ελεγκτή του συστήματος παραγωγής υδρογόνου στο το σύστημα εποπτικού ελέγχου και αποθήκευσες δεδομένων. Εξετάστηκαν οι μέθοδοι επικοινωνίας αυτών και η επικοινωνία των δύο συστημάτων έγινε μέσω ενός ανοικτού πρωτοκόλλου επικοινωνίας, επιτυγχάνοντας έτσι τον στόχο που έχει τεθεί. Παράλληλα, έγινε ταυτοποίηση και αποθήκευση των κρίσιμων σημάτων της διεργασίας (θερμοκρασίες, ογκομετρικές παροχές, πιέσεις και συναγερμοί). Αυτό βοήθησε να πραγματοποιηθεί το δεύτερο σκέλος τις εργασίας που είναι η διεξαγωγή πειραμάτων για την αξιολόγηση μαθηματικών μοντέλων, που περιγράφουν τους αντιδραστήρες αναμόρφωσης με ατμό και μετατόπισης νερού – αερίου. Τέλος, έγινε η σύγκριση αυτών των μοντέλων με δεδομένα που παρήχθησαν από προσομοιώσεις στο πρόγραμμα προσομοίωσης διεργασιών Aspen Plus®.
description: The object of this thesis consists of two parts. The first is the complete supervision and effective control of the hybrid energy production and storage system. The second is the evaluation of mathematical models that describe hydrogen production systems. The system, which located at CERTH's facilities, generates electricity with the help of a high-temperature fuel cell powered by hydrogen produced during LPG reforming. Initially, the programmable logic controller of the hydrogen production system was integrated to the supervisory control and data acquisition system. Their communication methods were examined and the communication of the two systems was done through an open communication protocol, thus achieving the set goal. At the same time, the critical signals of the process (temperatures, volumetric flows, pressures and alarms) were identified and stored. This helped to carry out the second part of the work, which is to conduct experiments for the evaluation of mathematical models, which describe the reactors for steam reforming and water – gas shift. Finally, these models were compared with data generated by simulations in the process simulation program Aspen Plus®.
Additional file 7 of UBIAD1 alleviates ferroptotic neuronal death by enhancing antioxidative capacity by cooperatively restoring impaired mitochondria and Golgi apparatus upon cerebral ischemic/reperfusion insult
Creators: name: Huang, Yan
name: Liu, Jianyang
name: He, Jialin
name: Hu, Zhiping
name: Tan, Fengbo
name: Zhu, Xuelin
name: Yuan, Fulai
name: Jiang, Zheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 7. Primary and secondary antibodies.
การพัฒนาบทเรียนคอมพิวเตอร์ช่วยสอน เรื่อง การใช้งานโปรแกรมประยุกต์บนวินโดวส์สำหรับนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 2
Creators: name: เอกภพ  สุดสะอาด
Publisher: name: บัณฑิตวิทยาลัย มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏนครสวรรค์
Year: 2557
Subjects: การพัฒนา, บทเรียนคอมพิวเตอร์ช่วยสอน, โปรแกรมประยุกต์, วินโดวส์

description: 25, 9, วารสารวิชาการและวิจัยสังคมศาสตร์
Enhancing educational quality: A faculty development initiative in crafting effective multiple-choice questions for family medicine residency program
Creators: name: Ng Lai Peng
name: Quah, Joanne
name: Mengfei, Xiong
name: Suan, Tan Mui
name: Goh, Ryan
name: Tay Ee Guan
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2024

description: Background



Residency faculty may have varying levels and depth of training and experience in crafting effective multiple-choice questions (MCQs). While some have received formal training through workshops, the majority lack comprehensive training and hands-on experience. A feasible faculty development program, incorporating hands-on experience, peer review, and post-exam psychometric analysis aims to bridge this gap and elevate the quality of MCQs



Summary of work



A 40-minute lecture on item writing techniques, addressing common flaws in MCQ crafting, was conducted. Faculty gained hands-on experience crafting family medicine formative assessment questions. Four 30-minute monthly sessions were held over six months for small group peer review and discussion. This resulted in a total of 48 questions crafted and peer reviewed.



Summary of results



The inaugural formative assessment for the Family Medicine (FM) residency program comprised 180 MCQs, including 48 peer-reviewed faculty-crafted questions, 42 crafted questions from mixed groups, and 90 from various MCQ banks. Sixty family medicine residents participated in the remote assessment self-administered through the learning management system within the stipulated time limits. The post-assessment psychometric analysis demonstrated good reliability with a Kuder-Richardson 21 coefficient (KR-21) of 0.80 and Cronbach’s alpha of 0.86.



Discussion and conclusion



Crafting MCQs serves as a meaningful faculty development activity, demanding continuous engagement with evidence-based medicine and assessment principles.Peer evaluation draws on the diverse perspectives and expertise within the faculty as a collaborative community of practice. Formative assessments with post-test psychometric analysis not only gauge the effectiveness of the MCQs but also provide invaluable feedback for the learner as well as the program.



Take home message

This faculty development initiative in Crafting Effective Multiple-Choice-Questions goes beyond the creation of assessments, it cultivates a culture of upskilling amongst the faculty, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the learning value and experience for family medicine residents.
Spin excitations coupled with lattice and charge dynamics in La$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x}$CuO$_4$
Creators: name: Ikeuchi, K.
name: Wakimoto, S.
name: Fujita, M.
name: Fukuda, T.
name: Kajimoto, R.
name: Arai, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin excitations of layered copper oxide show various characteristic features, depending on the carrier concentration. In this study, we conducted inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements on La$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x}$CuO$_4$ (LSCO), with $x$ = 0, 0.075, 0.18, and 0.30 and La$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x}$NiO$_4$ (LSNO) with 1/3, to clarify the origin of the intensity enhancement in the excitation spectrum of LSCO at the energy ($ω$) of 16--19 meV [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 91}, 224404 (2015), {\it ibid}. {\bf 93}, 094416 (2016)]. We confirmed the presence of a peak-structure in the $ω$-dependence of the local spin susceptibility $χ''(ω)$ of superconducting (SC) LSCO with a peak energy of 16--19 meV, where the spin excitations intersect optical phonon branches. A comparable peak-structure is not observed in the insulating La$_2$CuO$_4$, LSNO, and heavily overdoped LSCO with $x$ = 0.30. A dome-shaped $x$-dependence of the integrated intensity around the peak energies is revealed for SC phase by summarizing the present and previously reported results. Furthermore, our phonon calculation on LCO shows the existence of two optical branches at $\sim$19 meV that could stabilize stripe-alignment of carriers due to out-of-plane vibrations of Cu or O of the CuO$_2$ planes. These results indicate the interplay among spin, charge, and lattice dynamics and suggest that the intensity enhancement is associated with their composite excitations.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
WMAP 3-year primordial power spectrum
Creators: name: Bridges, M.
name: Lasenby, A. N.
name: Hobson, M. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We constrain the form of the primordial power spectrum using Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) 3-year cosmic microwave background (CMB) data (+ other high resolution CMB experiments) in addition to complementary large-scale structure (LSS) data: 2dF, SDSS, Ly-alpha forest and luminous red galaxy (LRG) data from the SDSS catalogue. We compute the comparative Bayesian evidence in addition to parameter estimates for a collection of seven models: (i) a scale invariant Harrison-Zel'dovich (H-Z) spectrum; (ii) a power-law; (iii) a running spectral index; (iv) a broken spectrum; (v) a power-law with an abrupt cutoff on large-scales; (vi) a reconstruction of the spectrum in eight bins in wavenumber; and (vii) a spectrum resulting from a cosmological model proposed by Lasenby & Doran (L-D). Using a basic dataset of WMAP3 + other CMB + 2dF + SDSS our analysis confirms that a scale-invariant spectrum is disfavoured by between 0.7 and 1.7 units of log evidence (depending on priors chosen) when compared with a power-law tilt. Moreover a running spectrum is now significantly preferred, but only when using the most constraining set of priors. The addition of Ly-alpha and LRG data independently both suggest much lower values of the running index than with basic dataset alone and interestingly the inclusion of Ly-alpha significantly disfavours a running parameterisation by more than a unit in log evidence. Overall the highest evidences, over all datasets, were obtained with a power law spectrum containing a cutoff with a significant log evidence difference of roughly 2 units. The natural tilt and exponential cutoff present in the L-D spectrum is found to be favoured decisively by a log evidence difference of over 5 units, but only for a limited study within the best-fit concordance cosmology.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures, changes and new results to match version accepted by MNRAS
Adaptive Gradient-type Methods for Convex Optimization Problems with Relative Accuracy and Sharp Minimum
Creators: name: Stonyakin, Fedor S.
name: Ablaev, Seydamet S.
name: Baran, Inna V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we consider gradient-type methods for convex positively homogeneous optimization problems with relative accuracy. An analogue of the accelerated universal gradient-type method for positively homogeneous optimization problems with relative accuracy is investigated. The second approach is related to subgradient methods with B. T. Polyak stepsize. Result on the linear convergence rate for some methods of this type with adaptive step adjustment is obtained for some class of non-smooth problems. Some generalization to a special class of non-convex non-smooth problems is also considered.
description: in Russian
Evidence for Mass-dependent Circumstellar Disk Evolution in the 5 Myr-old Upper Scorpius OB Association
Creators: name: Carpenter, John M.
name: Mamajek, Eric E.
name: Hillenbrand, Lynne A.
name: Meyer, Michael R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 4.5, 8, and 16um photometry from the Spitzer Space Telescope for 204 stars in the Upper Scorpius OB Association. The data are used to investigate the frequency and properties of circumstellar disks around stars with masses between ~ 0.1 and 20 Msun at an age of ~ 5 Myr. We identify 35 stars that have emission at 8um or 16um in excess of the stellar photosphere. The lower mass stars (~ 0.1-1.2 Msun) appear surrounded by primordial optically thick disks based on the excess emission characteristics. Stars more massive than ~ 1.8 Msun have lower fractional excess luminosities suggesting that the inner ~ 10 AU of the disk has been largely depleted of primordial material. None of the G and F stars (~ 1.2-1.8 Msun) in our sample have an infrared excess at wavelengths <= 16um. These results indicate that the mechanisms for dispersing primordial optically thick disks operate less efficiently on average for low mass stars, and that longer time scales are available for the buildup of planetary systems in the terrestrial zone for stars with masses < 1 Msun.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, accepted to ApJ Letters
Epitaxial growth of Ruddlesden-Popper neodymium nickelates Nd$_{n+1}$Ni$_{n}$O$_{3n+1}$ (${n}$ = 1-5)
Creators: name: Sun, Wenjie
name: Li, Yueying
name: Cai, Xiangbin
name: Yang, Jiangfeng
name: Guo, Wei
name: Gu, Zhengbin
name: Zhu, Ye
name: Nie, Yuefeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A series of Ruddlesden-Popper nickelates, Nd$_{n+1}$Ni$_{n}$O$_{3n+1}$ (${n}$ = 1-5), have been stabilized in thin film form using reactive molecular-beam epitaxy. High crystalline quality has been verified by X-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates the ${n}$-dependent valence states of nickel in these compounds. Metal-insulator transitions show clear ${n}$ dependence for intermediate members (${n}$ = 3-5), and the low-temperature resistivities of which show logarithmic dependence, resembling the Kondo-scattering as observed in the parent compounds of superconducting infinite-layer nickelates.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
ผลการสอนแบบโฟร์แมท ที่มีต่อผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียนวิชาวิทยาศาสตร์  และเจตคติต่อวิชาวิทยาศาสตร์ของนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 1
Creators: name: สุภาพร  เสือเผือก
Publisher: name: บัณฑิตวิทยาลัย มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏนครสวรรค์
Year: 2557
Subjects: การสอนแบบโฟร์แมท, ผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียนวิชาวิทยาศาสตร์, เจตคติต่อวิชาวิทยาศาสตร์

description: 25, 9, วารสารวิชาการและวิจัยสังคมศาสตร์
A Taylor expansion theorem for an elliptic extension of the Askey-Wilson operator
Creators: name: Schlosser, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33D15 (Primary) 33D45, 33E05, 33E20, 41A30, 41A58 (Secondary)

description: We establish Taylor series expansions in rational (and elliptic) function bases using E. Rains' elliptic extension of the Askey-Wilson divided difference operator. The expansion theorem we consider extends M.E.H. Ismail's expansion for the Askey-Wilson monomial basis. Three immediate applications (essentially already due to Rains) include simple proofs of Frenkel and Turaev's elliptic extensions of Jackson's 8-phi-7 summation and of Bailey's 10-phi-9 transformation, and the computation of the connection coefficients of Spiridonov's elliptic extension of Rahman's biorthogonal rational functions. We adumbrate other examples including the nonterminating extension of Jackson's 8-phi-7 summation and a quadratic expansion.
description: 13 pages
ผลการสอนโดยใช้วัฏจักรการเรียนรู้ด้วยเทคนิคการเรียนแบบร่วมมือที่มีต่อผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียนและเจตคติต่อวิชาวิทยาศาสตร์ของนักเรียนชั้นประถมศึกษาปีที่ 5
Creators: name: ปวีณา  ตระหนี่
Publisher: name: บัณฑิตวิทยาลัย มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏนครสวรรค์
Year: 2557
Subjects: วัฏจักรการเรียนรู้, การเรียนแบบร่วมมือ, เจตคติต่อวิชาวิทยาศาสตร์

description: 25, 9, วารสารวิชาการและวิจัยสังคมศาสตร์
Self-orthogonalizing strategies for enhancing Hebbian learning in recurrent neural networks
Creators: name: Davenport, Michael R.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: A neural network model is presented which extends Hopfield's model by adding hidden neurons. The resulting model remains fully recurrent, and still learns by prescriptive Hebbian learning, but the hidden neurons give it power and flexibility which were not available in Hopfield’s original network. The key to the success of the model is that it uses the emerging structure of its own memory space to establish a pattern in the hidden neurons such that each new memory is optimally orthogonal to all previous memories. As a result, the network actually learns a memory set which is "near-orthogonal", even though the visible components of the memories are randomly selected. The performance of the new network is evaluated both experimentally, using computer simulations, and analytically, using mathematical tools derived from the statistical mechanics of magnetic lattices. The simulation results show that, in comparison with Hopfield's original model, the new network can (a) store more memories of a given size, (b) store memories of different lengths at the same time, (c) store a greater amount of information per neuron, (d) retrieve memories from a smaller prompt, and (e) store the XOR set of associations. It is also shown that the memory recovery process developed for the new network can be used to greatly expand the radius of attraction of standard Hopfield networks for "incomplete" (as opposed to "noisy") prompts. The mathematical analysis begins by deriving an expression for the free energy of a Hopfield network when a near-orthogonal memory set has been stored. The associated mean-field equations are solved for the zero-temperature, single-recovered-memory case, yielding an equation for the memory capacity as a function of the level of orthogonality. A separate calculation derives a statistical estimate of the level of orthogonality that can be achieved by the roll-up process. When this is combined with the memory capacity-vs-orthogonality result, it yields a reasonable estimate of the memory capacity as a function of the number of hidden neurons. Finally, the theoretical maximum information content of sets of near-orthogonal memories is calculated as a function of the level of orthogonality, and is compared to the amount of information that can be stored in the new network.
Logarithmic finite-size scaling of the self-avoiding walk at four dimensions
Creators: name: Fang, Sheng
name: Deng, Youjin
name: Zhou, Zongzheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $n$-vector spin model, which includes the self-avoiding walk (SAW) as a special case for the $n \rightarrow 0 $ limit, has an upper critical dimensionality at four spatial dimensions (4D). We simulate the SAW on 4D hypercubic lattices with periodic boundary conditions by an irreversible Berretti-Sokal algorithm up to linear size $L=768$. From an unwrapped end-to-end distance, we obtain the critical fugacity as $z_c= 0.147 \, 622 \, 380(2)$, improving over the existing result $z_c=0.147 \, 622 \, 3(1)$ by 50 times. Such a precisely estimated critical point enables us to perform a systematic study of the finite-size scaling of 4D SAW for various quantities. Our data indicate that near $z_c$, the scaling behavior of the free energy simultaneously contains a scaling term from the Gaussian fixed point and the other accounting for multiplicative logarithmic corrections. In particular, it is clearly observed that the critical magnetic susceptibility and the specific heat logarithmically diverge as $χ\sim L^2 (\ln L)^{2 \hat{y}_h}$ and $C \sim (\ln L)^{2 \hat{y}_t}$, and the logarithmic exponents are determined as $\hat{y}_h=0.252(2)$ and $\hat{y}_t=0.25(2)$, in excellent agreement with the field theoretical prediction $\hat{y}_h=\hat{y}_t=1/4$. Our results provide a strong support for the recently conjectured finite-size scaling form for the O$(n)$ universality classes at 4D.
description: 11 pages , 7 figures
Numerical study of drying process and columnar fracture process in granules-water mixtures
Creators: name: Nishimoto, Akihiro
name: Mizuguchi, Tsuyoshi
name: Kitsunezaki, So
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of three-dimensional prismatic cracks in the drying process of starch-water mixtures is investigated numerically. We assume that the mixture is an elastic porous medium which possesses a stress field and a water content field. The evolution of both fields are represented by a spring network and a phenomenological model with the water potential, respectively. We find that the water content distribution has a propagating front which is not explained by a simple diffusion process. The prismatic structure of cracks driven by the water content field is observed. The depth dependence and the coarsening process of the columnar structure are also studied. The particle diameter dependence of the scale of the columns and the effect of the crack networks on the dynamics of the water content field are also discussed.
description: 12 pages, 14 figures
The Level Set Kalman Filter for State Estimation of Continuous-discrete Systems
Creators: name: Wang, Ningyuan
name: Forger, Daniel B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We propose a new extension of Kalman filtering for continuous-discrete systems with nonlinear state-space models that we name as the level set Kalman filter (LSKF). The LSKF assumes the probability distribution can be approximated as a Gaussian, and updates the Gaussian distribution through a time-update step and a measurement-update step. The LSKF improves the time-update step when compared to existing methods, such as the continuous-discrete cubature Kalman filter (CD-CKF) by reformulating the underlying Fokker-Planck equation as an ordinary differential equation for the Gaussian, thereby avoiding expansion in time. Together with a carefully picked measurement-update method, numerical experiments show that the LSKF has a consistent performance improvement over CD-CKF for a range of parameters, while also simplifies the implementation, as no user-defined timestep subdivision between measurements is required, and the spatial derivatives of the drift function are not explicitly needed.
Liquid-jet instability at high pressures with real-fluid interface thermodynamics
Creators: name: Poblador-Ibanez, Jordi
name: Sirignano, William A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The injection of liquid fuel at supercritical pressures is a relevant topic in combustion, but usually overlooked. In the past, the wrong assumption whereby the liquid experiments a fast transition to a supercritical state was made, thus neglecting any role of two-phase interface dynamics in the early stages of the atomization process. However, recent studies have shown that local thermodynamic phase equilibrium and mixing between the involved species allow the coexistence of both phases in this pressure range. In this work, a Volume-of-Fluid method adapted to variable-density real fluids is used to solve the low-Mach-number governing equations coupled with a thermodynamic model based on the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state. The mixing process, interface thermodynamics and early deformation of a cool liquid jet composed of n-decane surrounded by a hotter gas composed of oxygen at 150 bar are analyzed. Although heat conducts from the hotter gas into the liquid, net condensation can provide the proper local energy balance at high pressures. Then, vaporization and condensation may happen simultaneously at different interface locations. As pressure increases, liquid and gas mixtures become more alike in the vicinity of the interface. Thus, a combination of low surface tension force and gas-like liquid viscosities causes an early growth of surface instabilities. Early results indicate some similarity with high-Weber-number incompressible flows. The role of vortex dynamics on the interface deformation is analyzed by using the dynamical vortex identification method.
description: 41 pages, 18 figures
Thermal Quench in ITER Locked Mode Disruptions
Creators: name: Strauss, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulations and theory are presented of an ITER locked mode thermal quench (TQ). In present experiments, locked mode disruptions have a long precursor phase, followed by a rapid termination and thermal quench, which can be identified with a resistive wall tearing mode (RWTM). In ITER, the RWTM will be slowed by the highly conductive vacuum vessel. The rapid termination might be absent, and the plasma could remain in the precursor phase. If the edge temperature is in the collisional regime, the TQ would proceed on a long timescale, limited by the RWTM to almost $100ms.$ This is an important self mitigating effect.
Swarm-Oscillators
Creators: name: Tanaka, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear coupling between inter- and intra-element dynamics appears as a collective behaviour of elements. The elements in this paper denote symptoms such as a bacterium having an internal network of genes and proteins, a reactive droplet, a neuron in networks, etc. In order to elucidate the capability of such systems, a simple and reasonable model is derived. This model exhibits the rich patterns of systems such as cell membrane, cell fusion, cell growing, cell division, firework, branch, and clustered clusters (self-organized hierarchical structure, modular network). This model is extremely simple yet powerful; therefore, it is expected to impact several disciplines.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Histopathologic study of extraocular muscles in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy coexisting with ocular myasthenia gravis: a case report
Creators: name: Ma, Ruiqi
name: Cheng, Yun
name: Gan, Lu
name: Zhou, Xiaoting
name: Qian, Jiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1. Demonstrates the clinical information of the TAO + OMG, TAO and control subjects.
MiniBooNE and a (CP)^2 = -1 sterile neutrino
Creators: name: Ahluwalia-Khalilova, D. V.
name: Nielsen, Alex B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been taken as granted that the observation of two independent mass-squared differences necessarily fixes the number of underlying mass eigenstates as three, and that the addition of a sterile neutrino provides an additional mass-squared difference. The purpose of this Letter is to argue that if one considers a sterile neutrino component that belongs to the (CP)^2 = - 1 sector, then both of the stated claims are false. We also outline how the results reported here, when combined with the forthcoming MiniBooNE data and other experiments, can help settle the issue of the CP properties of the sterile neutrino; if such a component does indeed exist.
description: Mod. Phys. Lett. A (in press, 8 pages)
Scale-dependence in DHOST inflation
Creators: name: Brax, Philippe
name: Lazanu, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the inflationary consequences of Degenerate Higher Order Scalar Tensor (DHOST) theories in a de Sitter background. We perturb the de Sitter background by operators breaking either the degeneracy condition, i.e scordatura DHOST, or the shift symmetry in the scalar field. We first consider derivative scordatura and find that in all cases the power spectra of curvature perturbations are scale-invariant. We then investigate small perturbations by an axion-like potential, and show that in this scenario the power spectrum becomes scale-dependent. The modifications to the spectral index and its first two derivatives are compatible with the latest inflationary constraints. Moreover the tensor to scalar ratio and the non-Gaussianities of these models could be within reach of future experiments.
description: 37 pages, 10 figures; Added reference and corrected typos
Searching for planets
Creators: name: Walker, Andrew R.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: As part of a larger program precise radial velocities (PRVs) have been obtained by useof a hydrogen fluoride (HF) cell over the period 1980 to 1992, for twenty-one dwarf andsubgiant stars (luminosity classes IV and V) together with eleven giants and supergiants(luminosity classes I, II, and III). A typical PRV measurement has an accuracy of 15ms-1. As part of this thesis a full analysis method has been developed, and applied to, theHF dwarf and subgiant program data, in an effort to find evidence for extra-solar planets.Although no such evidence was found we do find that about one half of the HF programstars show significant secular trends in their radial velocities, which may indicate signalsat periods longer than we are currently sensitive to. Detection limits are set in the formof minimum detectable planetary masses for each of the stars. Periodicities in the differential equivalent width of the Call infrared triplet line(AEWc„H) data are found for o2 Eri, a Dra, 61 Cyg A, and HR8832 which may result from a stellar cycle, analogous to the Solar cycle. Correlations between the radial velocityand AEWcan data are found for 36 UMa and # Cora.
Packing subgroups in relatively hyperbolic groups
Creators: name: Hruska, G. Christopher
name: Wise, Daniel T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F67, 20F65, 20F69

description: We introduce the bounded packing property for a subgroup of a countable discrete group G. This property gives a finite upper bound on the number of left cosets of the subgroup that are pairwise close in G. We establish basic properties of bounded packing, and give many examples; for instance, every subgroup of a countable, virtually nilpotent group has bounded packing. We explain several natural connections between bounded packing and group actions on CAT(0) cube complexes. Our main result establishes the bounded packing of relatively quasiconvex subgroups of a relatively hyperbolic group, under mild hypotheses. As an application, we prove that relatively quasiconvex subgroups have finite height and width, properties that strongly restrict the way families of distinct conjugates of the subgroup can intersect. We prove that an infinite, nonparabolic relatively quasiconvex subgroup of a relatively hyperbolic group has finite index in its commensurator. We also prove a virtual malnormality theorem for separable, relatively quasiconvex subgroups, which is new even in the word hyperbolic case.
description: 45 pages, 2 figures. To appear in Geom. Topol. v2: Updated to address concerns of the referee. Added theorem that an infinite, nonparabolic relatively quasiconvex subgroup H of a relatively hyperbolic group has finite index in its commensurator. Added several new geometric results to Section 7. Theorem 8.9 on packing relative to peripheral subgroups is new
Strange magnification pattern in the large separation lens SDSS J1004+4112 from optical to X-rays
Creators: name: Lamer, G.
name: Schwope, A.
name: Wisotzki, L.
name: Christensen, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present simultaneous XMM-Newton UV and X-ray observations of the quadruply lensed quasar SDSS J1004+4112 (RBS 825). Simultaneously with the XMM-Newton observations we also performed integral field spectroscopy on the two closest lens images A and B using the Calar Alto PMAS spectrograph. In X-rays the widely spaced components C and D are clearly resolved, while the closer pair of images A and B is marginally resolved in the XMM-EPIC images. The integrated X-ray flux of the system has decreased by a factor of 6 since it was observed in the ROSAT All Sky Survey in 1990, while the X-ray spectrum became much harder with the power law index evolving from Gamma=-2.3 to -1.86. By deblending the X-ray images of the lensed QSO we find that the X-ray flux ratios between the lens images A and B are significantly different from the simultaneously obtained UV ratios and previously measured optical flux ratios. Our optical spectrum of lens image A shows an enhancement in the blue emission line wings, which has been observed in previous epochs as a transient feature. We propose a scenario where intrinsic UV and X-ray variability gives rise to line variations which are selectively magnified in image A by microlensing. The extended emission of the lensing cluster of galaxies is clearly detected in the EPIC images, we measure a 0.5-2.0 keV luminosity of 1.4 E44 erg/s. Based on the cluster X-ray properties, we estimate a mass of 2-6 E14 solar masses.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Edge states and tunneling of non-Abelian quasiparticles in the nu=5/2 quantum Hall state and p+ip superconductors
Creators: name: Fendley, Paul
name: Fisher, Matthew P. A.
name: Nayak, Chetan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quasiparticle tunneling between the edges of a non-Abelian topological state. The simplest examples are a p+ip superconductor and the Moore-Read Pfaffian non-Abelian fractional quantum Hall state; the latter state may have been observed at Landau-level filling fraction nu=5/2. Formulating the problem is conceptually and technically non-trivial: edge quasiparticle correlation functions are elements of a vector space, and transform into each other as the quasiparticle coordinates are braided. We show in general how to resolve this difficulty and uniquely define the quasiparticle tunneling Hamiltonian. The tunneling operators in the simplest examples can then be rewritten in terms of a free boson. One key consequence of this bosonization is an emergent spin-1/2 degree of freedom. We show that vortex tunneling across a p+ip superconductor is equivalent to the single-channel Kondo problem, while quasiparticle tunneling across the Moore-Read state is analogous to the two-channel Kondo effect. Temperature and voltage dependences of the tunneling conductivity are given in the low- and high-temperature limits.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures
Ο πριμιτιβισμός και η εκπροσώπηση του πολιτισμικού άλλου στο μουσείο
Creators: name: Ασλανίδου, Κωνσταντίνα Χαράλαμπου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2020
Subjects: Μουσείο
Πριμιτιβισμός
Πολιτισμικός άλλος
Museum
Primitivism
Representation of the “Other”

description: Μέχρι τον 19ο αιώνα οι πολιτισμοί της δύσης δεν αναγνώριζαν ως τέχνη τα αντικείμενα που προέρχονταν από μακρινούς πολιτισμούς. Αρχικά, τα αντικείμενα αυτά συλλέγονταν ως εξωτικά αντικείμενα μέχρι την δεκαετία του 1920 που αποτελούν πηγή έμπνευσης καλλιτεχνών της δύσης. Τα έργα των φυλών επαναπροσδιορίζονται μέσα από την οπτική γωνία της δυτικής τέχνης με την ονομασία «πριμιτιβισμός» ή «πρωτόγονη τέχνη», ένας ορισμός που συνδέεται με την πρωιμότητα και την βαρβαρότητα, αποκλείοντας με αυτόν τον τρόπο την σύνδεσή της με την αποκαλούμενη «υψηλή τέχνη» της δύσης. Η παραπάνω άποψη ενισχύεται μέσα από τα παραδείγματα εκθέσεων των φυλετικών αντικειμένων στα μουσεία, που δυσκολεύονται στην επιλογή των κατάλληλων εργαλείων για την αντιπροσώπευσή τους. Οι σχέσεις μεταξύ των πολιτισμών μέσα στο πλαίσιο του μουσείου αμβλύνουν την έννοια της ετερότητας, ωστόσο μετά την εισχώρηση των ανθρωπολογικών προσεγγίσεων στο ζήτημα, στην δεκαετία του 1980, ξεκινά μια προσπάθεια αναζήτησης νέων τρόπων σχεδιασμού αυτών των εκθέσεων. Η έκθεση “Paradise” στο εθνογραφικό μουσείο του Λονδίνου, αποτελεί ένα παράδειγμα προσεκτικής προσέγγισης της εκπροσώπησης του πολιτισμικού άλλου, καθώς με τον τρόπο που παρουσιάζονται τα αντικείμενα, το ανοίκειο γίνεται οικείο και ο επισκέπτης παύει να το εξωτικοποιεί. Αυτός ο τρόπος διαχείρισης της διαπολιτισμικότητας στην μουσειακή έκθεση μπορεί να φανεί χρήσιμος και στα σύγχρονα κοινωνικά ζητήματα ταυτότητας και ετερότητας.
description: Non-western objects were not interpreted as art up until 19th century. At first, these objects were collected as exotic objects, though in the 1920s they inspired many western artists. Tribal objects were redefined through the western perspective of art and are now referred to as “primitivism” or “primitivive art”. This new terminology is linked to primal societies and barbarity, so these objects cannot be considered as “high art”. This way of thinking is amplified by some museum exhibitions that use the wrong tools for the representation of the non-western cultures. As a result, the idea of otherness is emphasized up to the 1980s when the museums choose a more anthropological approach for the exhibitions. The “Paradise” exhibition in the museum of the Mankind in London, carefully approaches the issue of the representation of the “other”. The objects are displayed in a way that the unfamiliar becomes familiar and therefore the visitor ceases to exoticize the other culture. Managing the multiculturalism in such ways appear to be helpful in the comprehension of identity and otherness.
description: Σε συνεργασία με το Παιδαγωγικό Τμήμα Δημοτικής Εκπαίδευσης (Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Μακεδονίας)
Study of FCNC mediated rare B_s decays in a single universal extra dimension scenario
Creators: name: Mohanta, R.
name: Giri, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the rare semileptonic and radiative leptonic B_s decays in the universal extra dimension model. In this scenario, with a single extra dimension, there exists only one new parameter beyond those of the standard model, which is the inverse of the compactification radius R. We find that with the additional contributions due to the KK modes the branching ratios of the rare B_s decays are enhanced from their corresponding standard model values and the zero point of the forward backward asymmetries are shifted towards the left.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
A universal correlation between warm and hot gas in the stripped tails of cluster galaxies
Creators: name: Sun, Ming
name: Ge, Chong
name: Luo, Rongxin
name: Yagi, Masafumi
name: Jáchym, Pavel
name: Boselli, Alessandro
name: Fossati, Matteo
name: Nulsen, Paul E. J.
name: Yoshida, Michitoshi
name: Gavazzi, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The impact of ram pressure stripping on galaxy evolution is well known. Recent multi-wavelength data have revealed many examples of galaxies undergoing stripping, often accompanied with multi-phase tails. As energy transfer in the multi-phase medium is an outstanding question in astrophysics, galaxies in stripping are great objects to study. Despite the recent burst of observational evidence, the relationship between gas in different phases in the tails is poorly known. Here we report a strong linear correlation between the X-ray surface brightness and the H$α$ surface brightness of the diffuse gas in the stripped tails at $\sim$ 10 - 40 kpc scales, with a slope of $\sim$ 3.5. This discovery provides evidence for the mixing of the stripped interstellar medium with the hot intracluster medium as the origin of the multi-phase tails. The established relation in stripped tails, also in comparison with the likely related correlations in similar environments like galactic winds and X-ray cool cores, provides an important test for models of energy transfer in the multi-phase gas. It also indicates the importance of the H$α$ data to study clumping and turbulence in the intracluster medium.
description: Published on Nature Astronomy on Dec. 13, 2021, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-021-01516-8; results updated with more MUSE data, region updates and more discussion; conclusions unchanged
Gala Abu Ahmed – Eine Festung am Wadi Howar
Creators: name: Jesse, Friederike
name: Kuper, Rudolph
Publisher: name: Der Antike Sudan. Mitteilungen der Sudanarchäologischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin e. V.
Year: 2021

description: Der Antike Sudan. Mitteilungen der Sudanarchäologischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin e. V., Nr. 15 (2004): Der Antike Sudan