cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Purine analogs: synthesis, evaluation and molecular dynamics of pyrazolopyrimidines based benzothiazole as anticancer and antimicrobial CDK inhibitors
Creators: name: Khedr, Mohammed A.
name: Zaghary, Wafaa A.
name: Elsherif, Gihad E.
name: Azzam, Rasha A.
name: Elgemeie, Galal H.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) enzymes regulate cell proliferation and transcriptional processes and can be considered as important targets for the development of anticancer and antimicrobial drugs. In this work, novel benzothiazolyl pyrazolopyrimidine carboxamide and benzothiazolyl pyrazolopyrimidine carbonitrile derivatives were synthesized and characterized. The synthetic process was carried out via the reaction of ylidine benzothiazole derivatives with pyrazolocarboxamide and pyrazolocarbonitrile through a Michael addition pathway. Docking studies were done against CDK2 and CDK9 enzymes and revealed that compound 8a showed high free energy of binding against CDK2 (-8.10 kcal/mol) while compound 15a showed the highest free energy of binding against CDK2 (-8.16 kcal/mol) and CDK9 (-7.87 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to compare the stability of binding of the most active compound 15a and the potent reference drugs roscovitine and dinaciclib. A CDK enzyme assay was done against CDK2 and CDK9 for the previously mentioned top-ranked compounds, 8a and 15a. It was found that compound 15a was the most potent inhibitor for both enzymes with IC50 of 127 ± 1.01 nM and 65 ± 0.50 nM. The anticancer activity of the synthesized compounds was also determined by NCI against 60 cell lines. Compound 8a showed the highest cytotoxic activity against a large number of the tested cell lines. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was determined against various gram positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi. The results showed that compound 15a had the strongest antibacterial activity.
Datta-Das transistor for atomtronic circuits using artificial gauge fields
Creators: name: Madasu, Chetan Sriram
name: Hasan, Mehedi
name: Rathod, Ketan D.
name: Kwong, Chang Chi
name: Wilkowski, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-dependent electrical injection has found useful applications in storage devices, but fully operational spin-dependent semiconductor electronics remain a challenging task because of weak spin-orbit couplings and/or strong spin relaxations. These limitations are lifted considering atoms instead of electrons or holes as spin carriers. In this emerging field of atomtronics, we demonstrate the equivalent of a Datta-Das transistor using a degenerate Fermi gas of strontium atoms as spin carriers in interaction with a tripod laser-beams scheme. We explore the dependence of spin rotation, and we identify two key control parameters which we interpret as equivalent to the gate-source and drain-source voltages of a field effect transistor. Our finding broadens the spectrum of atomtronics devices for implementation of operational spin-sensitive circuits.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Predicting chemical environments of bacteria from receptor signaling
Creators: name: Clausznitzer, Diana
name: Micali, Gabriele
name: Neumann, Silke
name: Sourjik, Victor
name: Endres, Robert G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Sensory systems have evolved to respond to input stimuli of certain statistical properties, and to reliably transmit this information through biochemical pathways. Hence, for an experimentally well-characterized sensory system, one ought to be able to extract valuable information about the statistics of the stimuli. Based on dose-response curves from in vivo fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments of the bacterial chemotaxis sensory system, we predict the chemical gradients chemotactic Escherichia coli cells typically encounter in their natural environment. To predict average gradients cells experience, we revaluate the phenomenological Weber's law and its generalizations to the Weber-Fechner law and fold-change detection. To obtain full distributions of gradients we use information theory and simulations, considering limitations of information transmission from both cell-external and internal noise. We identify broad distributions of exponential gradients, which lead to log-normal stimuli and maximal drift velocity. Our results thus provide a first step towards deciphering the chemical nature of complex, experimentally inaccessible cellular microenvironments, such as the human intestine.
description: DG and GM contributed equally to this work
Linkage scan of nicotine dependence in the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Family Alcoholism Study
Creators: name: Seaton-Smith, K. L.
name: Gilder, D. A.
name: Segall, S. K.
name: Ehlers, C. L.
name: Wilhelmsen, K. C.
name: Vieten, C.
name: Lee, J. V.
name: Feiler, H. S.
name: Gizer, I. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Nicotine dependence has been shown to represent a heritable condition, and several research groups have performed linkage analysis to identify genomic regions influencing this disorder though only a limited number of the findings have been replicated.
Omnus Version Two processing system
Creators: name: Angermeier, Nicholas
name: Griffith, Laron
name: Holland, Jarred
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019

description: A self-sustaining waste treatment system is a major priority to reduce the contamination
of freshwater sources and decrease the number of deaths caused by poor sanitation in areas
where water is scarce, and sanitation is very poor. Three Bird Swan has designed and
manufactured a solar powered waste processing system that uses human waste to create non-potable
water, which is named Omnus, or Operational Machinery Needed for Universal
Sanitation. Three Bird Swan has been working in collaboration with both the Bill & Melinda
Gates Foundation as well as the University of Southern Indiana to develop and test the Omnus
system. This senior design project consists of a design for a modular waste processing system
that can be easily moved and maintained without the need for experienced engineers or highly
trained technicians, along with overcoming the challenges faced in Three Bird Swan's Omnus
Version One waste processing system.
Nutrient enrichment alters seasonal β-diversity in global grasslands
Creators: name: Garbowski, Magda
name: Boughton, Elizabeth
name: Ebeling, Anne
name: Fay, Philip
name: Hautier, Yann
name: Holz, Hanna
name: Jentsch-Beierkuhnlein, Anke
name: Jurburg, Stephanie
name: Ladouceur, Emma
name: Martina, Jason
name: Ohlert, Timothy
name: Raynaud, Xavier
name: Roscher, Christiane
name: Sonnier, Grégory
name: Tognetti, Pedro Maximiliano
name: Yahdjian, Laura
name: Wilfahrt, Peter
name: Harpole, Stan
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 570

description: Intra-annual (i.e. seasonal) temporal niche partitioning is essential to the maintenance of biodiversity in many plant communities. However, understanding of how climate and global change drivers such as eutrophication influence seasonal niche partitioning in plant assemblages remains limited. We used early-season and late-season compositional data collected from 10 grassland sites around the world to explore relationships between climate variability and intra-annual species segregation (i.e. seasonal β-diversity) and to assess how nutrient enrichment alters seasonal β-diversity in plant communities. We then assessed whether changes in seasonal β-diversity in response to nutrient enrichment are underpinned by species turnover or nestedness and determined how specific functional groups (i.e. annual forbs, perennial forbs, C3 and C4 graminoids and legumes) respond to eutrophication within and across early and late sampling dates. We found a positive relationship between intra-annual temperature variability and seasonal β-diversity but observed no relationship between intra-annual precipitation variability and seasonal β-diversity. Nutrient enrichment increased seasonal β-diversity and increased turnover of species between early- and late-season communities. Nutrient enrichment reduced the abundance of C4 graminoids and legumes within and across sampling timepoints and eliminated intra-annual differences in these groups. In contrast, nutrient enrichment resulted in seasonal differences in C3 graminoids, which were not observed in control conditions and increased abundance of C3 graminoids and annual forbs within and across early and late sampling dates. Synthesis: Our understanding of how grasslands respond to various components of global change is primarily based on studies that document community changes at inter-annual scales. Using early-season and late-season compositional data from 10 grassland sites around the world, we show that nutrient enrichment increases seasonal β-diversity and alters intra-annual dynamics of specific functional groups in unique ways.
Poisson structure and stability analysis of a coupled system arising from the supersymmetric breaking of Super KdV
Creators: name: Restuccia, A.
name: Sotomayor, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Poisson structure of a coupled system arising from a supersymmetric breaking of N=1 Super KdV equations is obtained. The supersymmetric breaking is implemented by introducing a Clifford algebra instead of a Grassmann algebra. The Poisson structure follows from the Dirac brackets obtained by the constraint analysis of the hamiltonian of the system. The coupled system has multisolitonic solutions. We show that the one soliton solutions are Liapunov stable.
description: Contribution to the Proceedings of the XXst International Coference on Integrable systems and Quantum Symmetries (ISQS21)(12-16 June 2013, Prague, Czech Republic), 7 pages
Flow rate-pressure drop relation for deformable channels via fluidic and elastic reciprocal theorems
Creators: name: Boyko, Evgeniy
name: Stone, Howard A.
name: Christov, Ivan C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Viscous flows through configurations manufactured from soft materials apply both pressure and shear stress at the solid-liquid interface, leading to deformation of the cross-section, which affects the flow rate-pressure drop relation. Conventionally, calculating this flow rate-pressure drop relation requires solving the complete elastohydrodynamic problem, which couples the fluid flow and elastic deformation. In this work, we use the reciprocal theorems for Stokes flow and linear elasticity to derive a closed-form expression for the flow rate-pressure drop relation in deformable channels, bypassing the detailed calculation of the solution to the fluid-structure-interaction problem. For small deformations (under a domain perturbation scheme), our theory provides the leading-order effect, of the interplay between the fluid stresses and the compliance of the channel, on the flow rate-pressure drop relation. Our approach uses solely the fluid flow solution and the elastic deformation due to the fluid stress distribution in an undeformed channel, eliminating the need to solve the coupled elastohydrodynamic problem. Unlike previous theoretical studies that neglected the presence of lateral sidewalls and considered shallow geometries of effectively infinite width, our approach allows to determine the influence of confining sidewalls on the flow rate-pressure drop relation. For the flow-rate-controlled situation and the plate-bending theory for the elastic deformation, we show a trade-off between the effect of compliance of the deforming top wall and the drag due to sidewalls on the pressure drop. While increased compliance decreases the pressure drop, the effect of the sidewalls increases it. Our theoretical framework may provide insight into existing experimental data and pave the way for the design of novel optimized soft microfluidic configurations of different cross-sectional shapes.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Light-controlled biocatalysis by unspecific peroxygenases with genetically encoded photosensitizers
Creators: name: Püllmann, Pascal
name: Homann, Dominik
name: Karl, Tobias A.
name: König, Burkhard
name: Weissenborn, Martin J.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 540

description: Fungal unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) have gained substantial attention for their versatile oxyfunctionalization chemistry paired with impressive catalytic capabilities. A major drawback, however, remains their sensitivity towards their co-substrate hydrogen peroxide, necessitating the use of smart in situ hydrogen peroxide generation methods to enable efficient catalysis setups. Herein, we introduce flavin-containing protein photosensitizers as a new general tool for light-controlled in situ hydrogen peroxide production. By genetically fusing flavin binding fluorescent proteins and UPOs, we have created two virtually self-sufficient photo-enzymes (PhotUPO). Subsequent testing of a versatile substrate panel with the two divergent PhotUPOs revealed two stereoselective conversions. The catalytic performance of the fusion protein was optimized through enzyme and substrate loading variation, enabling up to 24300 turnover numbers (TONs) for the sulfoxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide. The PhotUPO concept was upscaled to a 100 mg substrate preparative scale, enabling the extraction of enantiomerically pure alcohol products.
The assessability of approximal secondary caries of non-invasive 3D-printed veneers depending on the restoration thickness : an in vitro study
Creators: name: Prause, Elisabeth
name: Hey, Jeremias
name: Schmidt, Franziska
name: Nicic, Robert
name: Beuer, Florian
name: Unkovskiy, Alexey
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: To date, no scientific data is available regarding the development and radiographic assessment of approximal caries development after the insertion of 3D-printed, non-invasive veneers of different restoration thicknesses. For the present study, non-invasive veneers were fabricated from two different materials for printing and milling (Vita Enamic and VarseoSmile Crown plus). Three different restoration thicknesses (0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 mm) were selected. After digital design, leaving the approximal space free, and manufacturing of the restorations, adhesive insertion followed. All specimens were placed in a demineralizing solution for 28 days. Subsequently, a radiological and fluorescent examination was performed. The present study showed statistically significant interactions for the day (p < 0.0001) and manufacturing method (p < 0.0001) but not for restoration thickness. Additive manufactured restorations showed less radiological caries progression compared to subtractive manufactured restorations after 21 and 28 days (0.7 and 0.9 mm restoration thickness) (p < 0.0001). DIAGNOdent proved that the restoration thickness affected the caries progression within the subtractive group (p < 0.0001). Radiographic and fluorescence examination showed equivalent results regarding approximal caries assessment. For additive manufacturing, less caries progression was shown without consideration of the restoration thickness.
Generalized anxiety and C-reactive protein levels: a prospective, longitudinal analysis
Creators: name: Shanahan, L.
name: Costello, E. J.
name: Angold, A.
name: Worthman, C.
name: Copeland, W. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is highly comorbid with depression. Depression is associated with elevated levels of the inflammation marker C-reactive protein (CRP), cross-sectionally and over time. To date, no studies have looked at the association of CRP with GAD.
How temperature and aridity drive lignin decomposition along a latitudinal transect in western Siberia
Creators: name: Thi Dao, Thao
name: Mikutta, Robert
name: Wild, Birgit
name: Sauheitl, Leopold
name: Gentsch, Norman
name: Shibistova, Olga
name: Schnecker, Jörg
name: Lashchinskiy, Nikolay
name: Richter, Andreas
name: Guggenberger, Georg
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 555

description: Climate change drives a northward shift of biomes in high-latitude regions. This might have consequences on the decomposition of plant litter entering the soil, including its lignin component, which is one of the most abundant components of vascular plants. In order to elucidate the combined effect of climate and soil characteristics on the decomposition pattern of lignin, we investigated lignin contents and its degree of oxidative decomposition within soil profiles along a climosequence in western Siberia. Soil samples were collected from organic topsoil to mineral subsoil at six sites along a 1500-km latitudinal transect, stretching from tundra, through taiga and forest steppe to typical steppe. The stage of lignin degradation, as mirrored by decreasing organic carbon-normalized lignin contents and increasing oxidative alteration of the remnant lignin (acid-to-aldehyde ratios of vanillyl- and syringyl-units [(Ac/Al)V and (Ac/Al)S]) within soil horizons, increased from tundra to forest steppe and then decreased to the steppe. Principal component analysis, involving also climatic conditions such as mean annual temperature and aridity index, showed that the different states of lignin degradation between horizons related well to the activity of phenoloxidases and peroxidases, enzymes involved in lignin depolymerization that are produced primarily by fungi and less importantly by bacteria. The low microbial lignin decomposition in the tundra was likely due to low temperature and high soil moisture, which do not favour the fungi. Increasing temperature and decreasing soil moisture, facilitating a higher abundance of fungi, led to increased fungal lignin decomposition towards the forest-steppe biome, while drought and high pH might be responsible for the reduced lignin decomposition in the steppe. We infer that a shift of biomes to the north, driven by climate change, might promote lignin decomposition in the northern parts, whereas in the south a further retardation might be likely.
Lower vitamin D levels and VDR variants are risk factors for breast cancer: an updated meta-analysis
Creators: name: Zhao, Zhenyu
name: Cai, Wenyu
name: Xing, Jing
name: Zhao, Chenhui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Inadequate vitamin D levels and vitamin D variants have been shown to be associated with breast cancer (BC), however the results are inconsistent. To reach a definitive conclusion the present meta-analysis was conducted. When compared to healthy controls, BC patients had reduced vitamin D levels (standard difference in means = −0.564, p = 0.003). The meta-analysis revealed that the FokI mutation was linked with an increased BC susceptibility (CC vs. TT: OR = 1.107, p = 0.001, CC vs. TC + TT: OR = 1.114, p = 0.020). There was no role of other VDR variants (BsmI, TaqI, and ApaI). FokI mutation and diminished vitamin D increase the likelihood of developing BC.
Medical diagnosis as pattern recognition in a framework of information compression by multiple alignment, unification and search
Creators: name: Wolff, J. Gerard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes a novel approach to medical diagnosis based on the SP theory of computing and cognition. The main attractions of this approach are: a format for representing diseases that is simple and intuitive; an ability to cope with errors and uncertainties in diagnostic information; the simplicity of storing statistical information as frequencies of occurrence of diseases; a method for evaluating alternative diagnostic hypotheses that yields true probabilities; and a framework that should facilitate unsupervised learning of medical knowledge and the integration of medical diagnosis with other AI applications.
Hypothesis-driven candidate genes for schizophrenia compared to genome-wide association results
Creators: name: Collins, A. L.
name: Sullivan, P. F.
name: Kim, Y.
name: O'Donovan, M. C.
name: Sklar, P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Candidate gene studies have been a key approach to the genetics of schizophrenia. Results of these studies have been confusing and no genes have been unequivocally implicated. The hypothesis-driven candidate gene literature can be appraised via comparison with the results of genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
The effect of local universe constraints on halo abundance and clustering
Creators: name: Hutt, Maxwell L.
name: Desmond, Harry
name: Devriendt, Julien
name: Slyz, Adrianne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological $N$-body simulations of the dark matter component of the universe typically use initial conditions with a fixed power spectrum and random phases of the density field, leading to structure consistent with the local distribution of galaxies only in a statistical sense. It is, however, possible to infer the initial phases which lead to the configuration of galaxies and clusters that we see around us. We analyse the CSiBORG suite of 101 simulations, formed by constraining the density field within 155 Mpc$/h$ with dark matter particle mass $4.38\times10^9 M_\odot$, to quantify the degree to which constraints imposed on 2.65 Mpc$/h$ scales reduce variance in the halo mass function and halo-halo cross-correlation function on a range of scales. This is achieved by contrasting CSiBORG with a subset of the unconstrained Quijote simulations and expectations for the $Λ$CDM average. Using the FOF, PHEW and HOP halofinders, we show that the CSiBORG suite beats cosmic variance at large mass scales ($\gtrsim 10^{14}M_{\odot}/h$), which are most strongly constrained by the initial conditions, and exhibits a significant halo-halo cross-correlation out to $\sim30$ Mpc$/h$. Moreover, the effect of the constraints percolates down to lower mass objects and to scales below those on which they are imposed. Finally, we develop an algorithm to "twin" halos between realisations and show that approximately 50% of halos with mass greater than $10^{15}M_{\odot}/h$ can be identified in all realisations of the CSiBORG suite. We make the CSiBORG halo catalogues publicly available for future applications requiring knowledge of the local halo field.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures; minor revision, as accepted for publication by MNRAS
The effect of COVID-19 on gut microbiota : exploring the complex interplay and implications for human health
Creators: name: Akter, Shamima
name: Tasnim, Sa'dia
name: Barua, Rashu
name: Choubey, Mayank
name: Arbee, Shahida
name: Mohabbulla Mohib, Mohammad
name: Minhaz, Naofel
name: Choudhury, Ajanta
name: Sarker, Pallab
name: Sarif Mohiuddin, Mohammad
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to significant global health implications. Although the respiratory manifestations of COVID-19 are widely recognized, emerging evidence suggests that the disease may also significantly affect the gut microbiota, the intricate community of bacteria that lives within the gastrointestinal system. This extensive article intends to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the gut microbiota, examining the underlying mechanisms, clinical implications, and potential therapeutic interventions. Understanding the complex interactions between COVID-19 and the gut microbiota will help us to gain valuable insights into the broader consequences of this viral infection on human health.
Anomalous Behavior of Dark States in Quantum Gases of 6Li
Creators: name: Semczuk, Mariusz
name: Gunton, Will
name: Bowden, William
name: ~Madison, Kirk W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We create atom-molecule dark states in a degenerate Fermi gas of 6Li in both weakly and strongly interacting regimes using two-photon Raman scattering to couple fermion pairs to bound molecular states in the ground singlet and triplet potential. Near the unitarity point in the BEC-BCS crossover regime, the atom number revival height associated with the dark state abruptly and unexpectedly decreases and remains low for magnetic fields below the Feshbach resonance center at 832.2~G. With a weakly interacting Fermi gas at 0~G we perform precision dark-state spectroscopy of the least-bound vibrational levels of the lowest singlet and triplet potentials. From these spectra, we obtain binding energies of the $v''=9$, $N''=0$ level of the $a(1^3Σ_{u}^+)$ potential and the $v''=38$, $N''=0$ level of the $X(1^1Σ_{g}^+)$ potential with absolute uncertainty as low as $20$ kHz. For the triplet potential we resolve the molecular hyperfine structure.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Lower birth weight indicates higher risk of autistic traits in discordant twin pairs
Creators: name: Losh, M.
name: Esserman, D.
name: Lichtenstein, P.
name: Anckarsäter, H.
name: Sullivan, P. F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder of complex etiology. Whereas strong evidence supports the causal role of genetic factors, a number of environmental risk factors have also been implicated. This study employed a cotwin-control design to investigate low birth weight as a risk factor for ASD.
DAHA and iterated torus knots
Creators: name: Cherednik, Ivan
name: Danilenko, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The theory of DAHA-Jones polynomials is extended from torus knots to their arbitrary iterations (for any reduced root systems and weights), which incudes the polynomiality, duality and other properties of the DAHA superpolynomials. Presumably they coincide with the reduced stable Khovanov-Rozansky polynomials in the case of non-negative coefficients. The new theory matches well the classical theory of algebraic knots and (unibranch) plane curve singularities; the Puiseux expansion naturally emerges. The corresponding DAHA superpolynomials are expected to coincide with the reduced ones in the Oblomkov-Shende-Rasmussen Conjecture upon its generalization to arbitrary dominant weights. For instance, the DAHA uncolored superpolynomials at a=0, q=1 are conjectured to provide the Betti numbers of the Jacobian factors of the corresponding singularities.
description: v2: Editing, more material on the Betti numbers of Jacobian factors and non-algebraic knots was added, the relation to Jones polynomials was justified
Attentional switching forms a genetic link between attention problems and autistic traits in adults
Creators: name: van der Sluis, S.
name: Vinkhuyzen, A. A. E.
name: Hoekstra, R. A.
name: Posthuma, D.
name: Polderman, T. J. C.
name: Sullivan, P. F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and autistic traits often occur together. The pattern and etiology of co-occurrence are largely unknown, particularly in adults. This study investigated the co-occurrence between both traits in detail, and subsequently examined the etiology of the co-occurrence, using two independent adult population samples.MethodData on ADHD traits (Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity) were collected in a population sample (S1, n=559) of unrelated individuals. Data on Attention Problems (AP) were collected in a population-based family sample of twins and siblings (S2, n=560). In both samples five dimensions of autistic traits were assessed (social skills, routine, attentional switching, imagination, patterns).ResultsHyperactive traits (S1) did not correlate substantially with the autistic trait dimensions. For Inattention (S1) and AP (S2), the correlations with the autistic trait dimensions were low, apart from a prominent correlation with the attentional switching scale (0.47 and 0.32 respectively). Analyses in the genetically informative S2 revealed that this association could be explained by a shared genetic factor.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the co-occurrence of ADHD traits and autistic traits in adults is not determined by problems with hyperactivity, social skills, imagination or routine preferences. Instead, the association between those traits is due primarily to shared attention-related problems (inattention and attentional switching capacity). As the etiology of this association is purely genetic, biological pathways involving attentional control could be a promising focus of future studies aimed at unraveling the genetic causes of these disorders.
Large Nc gauge theory with quarks in high representations
Creators: name: Cohen, Thomas D.
name: Sen, Srimoyee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper explores a novel tractable regime for ultraviolet-complete quantum field theories -- the large Nc limit of non-abelian gauge theories with quarks in high dimensional representations (scaling with Nc faster than Nc^2 ), such as quarks with 'a' fundamental indices with a greater than or equal to 3. A smooth and nontrivial Nc limit can be obtained if g^2 Nc^(a-1) is held fixed instead of the standard t Hooft coupling g^2 Nc as Nc goes to infinity where g is the gauge coupling. SU(Nc) gauge theories in 3+1 dimensions are not asymptotically free at large Nc when they contain quarks in representations whose dimensions scale faster than Nc^2 and hence are not ultraviolet complete. However, in lower space-time dimensions (2+1, 1+1), for any Nc, renormalization group flow for such theories always has a stable ultraviolet fixed point at g = 0; the theory is thus ultraviolet complete. For the case of massless quarks, the theory has an infrared fixed point. For massive quarks, the theory is confining. The confining scale is parametrically of the order Nc^((2-a)/(4-d)) and is driven to zero at large Nc for theories with a > 2 and d < 4 where d is the space time dimension.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Terrestrial versus aquatic source identification of sedimentary n-alkane and sugar biomarkers : a case study from the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Mekonnen, Betelhem
name: Bittner, Lucas
name: Bromm, Tobias
name: Lemma, Bruk
name: Glaser, Bruno
name: Zech, Wolfgang
name: Nemomissa, Sileshi
name: Bekele, Tamrat
name: Zech, Michael
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Organic matter in sedimentary archives is abundantly used to reconstruct paleoenvironmental and climate histories. Thereby, distinguishing between the terrestrial and aquatic origin of sedimentary organic matter is often a prerequisite for robust interpretations. In this case study, we use published data for modern plants and topsoils to identify the terrestrial versus aquatic source of n-alkane and sugar biomarkers in two afro-alpine sediment archives (Lake Garba Guracha and Depression B4) in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. The results of our comparative approach show that the long-chain n-alkanes C29, C31, and C33 in the sedimentary archives yielded patterns similar to those typical for the potential terrestrial input. By contrast, the relative abundances of the sedimentary mid-chain n-alkanes C23 and C25, and at least partly C27, are significantly increased compared to the plants and topsoils. This suggests that they are primarily produced by aquatic macrophytes and micro-organisms. The Paq ratio (C23 + C25)/(C23 + C25 + C29 + C31) is validated as a suitable source identification proxy in our study area. The sugar biomarkers xylose (xyl) and arabinose (ara) are abundant in the plant and topsoil samples. By comparison, high relative abundances of fucose (fuc) and rhamnose (rham) are generally only observed in sediments. This indicates that these sugar biomarkers are primarily produced by aquatic macrophytes or micro-organisms. Therefore, the ratio (fuc + rham)/(ara + xyl) is a suitable sugar biomarker proxy for organic matter source identification. The relative abundances of galactose and mannose are systematically decreasing and increasing, respectively, from leaves over O-layers to Ah-horizons. Furthermore, they are not significantly different from the abundances found in the sediments. This hinders terrestrial versus aquatic source identification using galactose and mannose.
Lower vitamin D levels and VDR variants are risk factors for breast cancer: an updated meta-analysis
Creators: name: Zhao, Zhenyu
name: Cai, Wenyu
name: Xing, Jing
name: Zhao, Chenhui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Inadequate vitamin D levels and vitamin D variants have been shown to be associated with breast cancer (BC), however the results are inconsistent. To reach a definitive conclusion the present meta-analysis was conducted. When compared to healthy controls, BC patients had reduced vitamin D levels (standard difference in means = −0.564, p = 0.003). The meta-analysis revealed that the FokI mutation was linked with an increased BC susceptibility (CC vs. TT: OR = 1.107, p = 0.001, CC vs. TC + TT: OR = 1.114, p = 0.020). There was no role of other VDR variants (BsmI, TaqI, and ApaI). FokI mutation and diminished vitamin D increase the likelihood of developing BC.
Longitudinal epigenetic variation of DNA methyltransferase genes is associated with vulnerability to post-traumatic stress disorder
Creators: name: Uddin, M.
name: Sipahi, L.
name: Galea, S.
name: Wildman, D. E.
name: Abbas, A.
name: Koenen, K. C.
name: Aiello, A. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Epigenetic differences exist between trauma-exposed individuals with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is unclear whether these epigenetic differences preexist, or arise following, trauma and PTSD onset.
Reconstructing data-driven governing equations for cell phenotypic transitions: integration of data science and systems biology
Creators: name: Xing, Jianhua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cells with the same genome can exist in different phenotypes. and can change between distinct phenotypes when subject to specific stimuli and microenvironments. Some examples include cell differentiation during development, reprogramming for induced pluripotent stem cells and transdifferentiation, cancer metastasis and fibrosis development. The regulation and dynamics of cell phenotypic conversion is a fundamental problem in biology, and has a long history of being studied within the formalism of dynamical systems. A main challenge for mechanism-driven modeling studies is acquiring sufficient amount of quantitative information for constraining model parameters. Advances in quantitative approaches, especially high throughput single-cell techniques, have accelerated the emergence of a new direction for reconstructing the governing dynamical equations of a cellular system from quantitative single-cell data, beyond the dominant statistical approaches. Here I review a selected number of recent studies using live- and fixed-cell data and provide my perspective on future development.
description: 38 pages, 3 figures
Is the one-compartment model with first order absorption a useful approximation?
Creators: name: Weiss, Michael
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Purpose: The one-compartment model with first order absorption (ka1C) has been extensively used to fit oral data. But when the disposition parameters of the drug are not available, the bias in the parameter estimates remains unclear. In this paper, the effect of potential misspecification of the area under the curve (AUC) and the mean absorption time (MAT) was evaluated for three relatively slowly absorbed drugs/formulations. Methods: Assuming a three-compartment disposition model with an input (absorption) rate described as a sum of two inverse Gaussian functions (2IG3C) as the true model, the deviations of AUC and MAT estimated with simpler models were analyzed. Simpler models, as the ka1C model (Bateman function), the one-compartment model with IG input function (IG1C) and the gamma density function were fitted to the oral data alone, and compared to the fits obtained with the 2IG3C model which also uses the 3C disposition parameters of the drug. Data from pharmacokinetic studies of trospium, propiverine and ketamine in healthy volunteers were analyzed using a population approach. Results: The Bateman function (ka1C) allowed a robust estimation of the population mean AUC, but the individual estimates were highly biased. It failed in evaluating MAT. The simple alternative models did not improve the situation. Conclusions The Bateman function appears to be useful for estimating the population mean value of AUC after oral administration. The results reemphasize the fact that insight into the absorption process can be only gained when also intravenous reference data are available.
Childhood somatic complaints predict generalized anxiety and depressive disorders during young adulthood in a community sample
Creators: name: Copeland, W. E.
name: Costello, E. J.
name: Bondy, C. L.
name: Shanahan, L.
name: Egger, H. L.
name: Zucker, N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Background Children with somatic complaints are at increased risk for emotional disorders during childhood. Whether this elevated risk extends into young adulthood – and to which specific disorders – has rarely been tested with long-term prospective-longitudinal community samples. Here we test whether frequent and recurring stomach aches, headaches, and muscle aches during childhood predict emotional disorders in adulthood after accounting for childhood psychiatric and physical health status and psychosocial adversity. Method The Great Smoky Mountains Study is a community representative sample with 1420 participants. Children/adolescents were assessed 4–7 times between ages 9–16 years. They were assessed again up to three times between ages 19–26 years. Childhood somatic complaints were coded when subjects or their parents reported frequent and recurrent headaches, stomach aches, or muscular/joint aches at some point when children were aged 9–16 years. Psychiatric disorders were assessed with the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment and the Young Adult Psychiatric Assessment. Results Frequent and recurrent somatic complaints in childhood predicted adulthood emotional disorders. After controlling for potential confounders, predictions from childhood somatic complaints were specific to later depression and generalized anxiety disorder. Long-term predictions did not differ by sex. Somatic complaints that persisted across developmental periods were associated with the highest risk for young adult emotional distress disorders. Conclusions Children from the community with frequent and recurrent physical distress are at substantially increased risk for emotional distress disorders during young adulthood. Preventions and interventions for somatic complaints could help alleviate this risk.
New Higgs decays to axion-like particles
Creators: name: Biekötter, Anke
name: Chala, Mikael
name: Spannowsky, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the interactions of a light scalar with the Higgs boson and second-generation fermions, which trigger new rare decays of the Higgs boson into $4μ$, $2μ2γ$, $6μ$ and $4μ2j$. We recast current LHC searches to constrain these decays and develop new collider analyses for those channels which are only poorly tested by existing studies. With the currently collected data we can probe branching ratios as small as $1.5 \times10^{-5}$, $8.7 \times10^{-5}$, $5.7 \times10^{-8}$ and $1.6 \times10^{-7}$, respectively. For the High-Luminosity LHC run, considered here to involve 3 ab$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity, these numbers go down to $1.3 \times10^{-5}$, $2.0 \times10^{-6}$, $3.0 \times10^{-9}$ and $5.4 \times10^{-9}$, respectively. We also comment on other channels that remain still unexplored.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
The Spectrum and Morphology of the Fermi Bubbles
Creators: name: LAT Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fermi bubbles are two large structures in the gamma-ray sky extending to $55^\circ$ above and below the Galactic center. We analyze 50 months of Fermi Large Area Telescope data between 100 MeV and 500 GeV above $10^\circ$ in Galactic latitude to derive the spectrum and morphology of the Fermi bubbles. We thoroughly explore the systematic uncertainties that arise when modeling the Galactic diffuse emission through two separate approaches. The gamma-ray spectrum is well described by either a log parabola or a power law with an exponential cutoff. We exclude a simple power law with more than 7$σ$ significance. The power law with an exponential cutoff has an index of $1.9 \pm 0.2$ and a cutoff energy of $110\pm 50$ GeV. We find that the gamma-ray luminosity of the bubbles is $4.4^{+2.4}_{-0.9} \times 10^{37}$ erg s$^{-1}$. We confirm a significant enhancement of gamma-ray emission in the south-eastern part of the bubbles, but we do not find significant evidence for a jet. No significant variation of the spectrum across the bubbles is detected. The width of the boundary of the bubbles is estimated to be $3.4^{+3.7}_{-2.6}$ deg. Both inverse Compton (IC) models and hadronic models including IC emission from secondary leptons fit the gamma-ray data well. In the IC scenario, the synchrotron emission from the same population of electrons can also explain the WMAP and Planck microwave haze with a magnetic field between 5 and 20 $μ$G.
description: 66 pages, 48 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Corresponding authors: A. Franckowiak (afrancko@slac.stanford.edu), D. Malyshev (malyshev@stanford.edu), V. Petrosian (vahep@stanford.edu)
Entwicklung eines Verkehrssicherheitsprogramms für Radfahrende zwischen 11 und 14 Jahren mit dem Fokus auf metakognitiven Fähigkeiten
Creators: name: Lambrecht, Franz
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Verkehrssicherheit
subject: schulische Verkehrserziehung
subject: Fahrfehler
subject: Fahrverhalten
subject: Fahrradsicherheit
subject: 620
subject: Verkehrssicherheit
subject: Verkehrserziehung
subject: Fahrerverhalten
subject: Radfahrer
subject: Metakognition
subject: Verkehrsentwicklung
subject: Schulversuch
subject: Sekundarstufe 1

description: Zugleich: Dissertation, Universität Kassel, 2021
Pre-eclampsia and first-onset postpartum psychiatric episodes: a Danish population-based cohort study
Creators: name: Johannsen, B. M. W.
name: Meltzer-Brody, S.
name: Laursen, T. M.
name: Bergink, V.
name: Munk-Olsen, T.
name: Kushner, S. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Background. Recent evidence suggests that postpartum psychiatric episodes may share similar etiological mechanisms with immune-related disorders. Pre-eclampsia is one of the most prevalent immune-related disorders of pregnancy. Multiple clinical features are shared between pre-eclampsia and postpartum psychiatric disorders, most prominently a strong link to first pregnancies. Therefore, we aimed to study if pre-eclampsia is a risk factor for first-onset postpartum psychiatric episodes. Method. We conducted a cohort study using the Danish population registry, with a total of 400 717 primiparous women with a singleton delivery between 1995 and 2011. First-lifetime childbirth was the main exposure variable and the outcome of interest was first-onset postpartum psychiatric episodes. The main outcome measures were monthly incidence rate ratios (IRRs), with the period 11–12 months after birth as the reference category. Adjustments were made for age, calendar period, reproductive history, and perinatal maternal health including somatic and obstetric co-morbidity. Results. Primiparous women were at particularly high risk of first-onset psychiatric episodes during the first month postpartum [IRR 2.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.53–3.40] and pre-eclampsia added to that risk (IRR 4.21, 95% CI 2.89–6.13). Having both pre-eclampsia and a somatic co-morbidity resulted in the highest risk of psychiatric episodes during the 3-month period after childbirth (IRR 4.81, 95% CI 2.72–8.50). Conclusions. We confirmed an association between pre-eclampsia and postpartum psychiatric episodes. The possible explanations for this association, which are not mutually exclusive, include the psychological impact of a serious medical condition such as pre-eclampsia and the neurobiological impact of pre-eclampsia-related vascular pathology and inflammation.