cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Interaction of As(III), As(V) and PO4 with Fe Oxide Impregnated Activated Carbons: Modeling Multisorbate Adsorption using the Surface Complexation Approach
Creators: name: Ngantcha Kwimi, Tibenja Angele Chamba
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: Arsenic
As(III)
As(V)
Competition
Phosphate
Surface Complexation Modeling

description: The adsorption behavior of As (III) as a function of pH on an iron oxide impregnated activated carbon (FeAC, 7% Fe(III) amorphous iron-oxide) at different adsorbate/adsorbent concentrations was modeled using the surface complexation approach. The surface complexation constants developed from single sorbate experiments successfully predicted competition between As(V) and As(III) and the surface complexation modeling (SCM) predictions were verified experimentally.  The monoprotic surface site representation described the experimental data better than the diprotic representation.  Based on surface complexation modeling simulations, L-Act had a higher affinity for As(V) than As(III).  Significant As(III) oxidation to As(V) was observed at pH > 8.  As(V) and As(III) removal by an iron oxide impregnated carbon (L-Act, 9% Fe(III) amorphous iron-oxide) over a range of environmental conditions using SCM approach was also investigated.  L-Act surface complexation constants determined from single adsorbate systems were effectively used to predict pH dependent removal of As(V), As(III) and PO4 across a range of adsorbent/adsorbate ratios in single, binary and tertiary adsorbate systems and from a `National Sanitation Foundation' challenge water.  As(V) and PO4 complexes were modeled as bidentate binuclear species at low pH and monodentate species at high pH; using the two monoprotic surface site representations with the diffuse electric double layer model (MDLM).  For the bidentate-binuclear complexation, two approaches based on the value of the exponent (n) on [ NOH] in the mass action law (n = 1 or 2), produced similarly good results.  In the tertiary system, the effect of PO4 on As(III) removal was more pronounced than on As(V) removal.  As(III) oxidation to As(V) was observed for L-Act at pH > 8.5.  The MDLM successfully predicted As(III)/As(V)/PO4 behavior for other amorphous iron-based adsorbents that were reported in the literature.  The MDLM was also used to address other arsenic-related environmental questions such as the cost of L-Act required to treat water to target concentrations as a function of pH.  The framework for a mechanistic model that describes the competitive adsorption between arsenic species and other compounds present in arsenic laden waters (e.g., PO4) has been developed and can be used by other researchers in describing their experimental data.
Extraction of proton form factors in the timelike region from unpolarized e+e- --> p pbar events
Creators: name: Bianconi, A.
name: Pasquini, B.
name: Radici, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed numerical simulations of the unpolarized e+e- --> p pbar process in kinematic conditions under discussion for a possible upgrade of the existing DAFNE facility. By fitting the cross section angular distribution with a typical Born expression, we can extract information on the ratio |G_E/G_M| of the proton electromagnetic form factors in the timelike region within a 5-10% uncertainty. We have explored also non-Born contributions to the cross section by introducing a further component in the angular fit, which is related to two-photon exchange diagrams. We show that these corrections can be identified if larger than 5% of the Born contribution, and if relative phases of the complex form factors do not produce severe cancellations.
description: 10 pages in RevTeX style; 8 figures in eps format
Timoshenko nonlocal strain gradient nanobeams: Variational consistency, exact solutions and carbon nanotube Young moduli
Creators: name: Barretta, Raffaele
name: Faghidian, S. Ali
name: de Sciarra, Francesco Marotti
name: Pinnola, Francesco Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are principal constituents of nanocomposites and nano-systems. CNT size-dependent response assessment is therefore a topic of current interest in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures. CNTs are modeled here by a variationally consistent nonlocal strain gradient approach for Timoshenko nano-beams, extending the treatment in [Int. J. Eng. Science 143 (2019) 73-91] confined to slender structures. Scale effects are described by integral convolutions, conveniently replaced with differential and boundary nonlocal laws. The theoretical predictions, exploited to analytically estimate the reduced Young elastic modulus of CNTs, are validated by molecular dynamics simulations.
Coexistence of Self-Organized Criticality and Intermittent Turbulence in the Solar Corona
Creators: name: Uritsky, Vadim M.
name: Paczuski, Maya
name: Davila, Joseph M.
name: Jones, Shaela I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An extended data set of extreme ultraviolet images of the solar corona provided by the SOHO spacecraft are analyzed using statistical methods common to studies of self-organized criticality (SOC) and intermittent turbulence (IT). The data exhibits simultaneous hallmarks of both regimes, namely power law avalanche statistics as well as multiscaling of structure functions for spatial activity. This implies that both SOC and IT may be manifestations of a single complex dynamical process entangling avalanches of magnetic energy dissipation with turbulent particle flows.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
DE-GAN: A Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Document Enhancement
Creators: name: Souibgui, Mohamed Ali
name: Kessentini, Yousri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Documents often exhibit various forms of degradation, which make it hard to be read and substantially deteriorate the performance of an OCR system. In this paper, we propose an effective end-to-end framework named Document Enhancement Generative Adversarial Networks (DE-GAN) that uses the conditional GANs (cGANs) to restore severely degraded document images. To the best of our knowledge, this practice has not been studied within the context of generative adversarial deep networks. We demonstrate that, in different tasks (document clean up, binarization, deblurring and watermark removal), DE-GAN can produce an enhanced version of the degraded document with a high quality. In addition, our approach provides consistent improvements compared to state-of-the-art methods over the widely used DIBCO 2013, DIBCO 2017 and H-DIBCO 2018 datasets, proving its ability to restore a degraded document image to its ideal condition. The obtained results on a wide variety of degradation reveal the flexibility of the proposed model to be exploited in other document enhancement problems.
description: Accepted in IEEE TPAMI
Bifurcation of planetary building blocks during Solar System formation
Creators: name: Lichtenberg, Tim
name: Drazkowska, Joanna
name: Schönbächler, Maria
name: Golabek, Gregor J.
name: Hands, Thomas O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Geochemical and astronomical evidence demonstrate that planet formation occurred in two spatially and temporally separated reservoirs. The origin of this dichotomy is unknown. We use numerical models to investigate how the evolution of the solar protoplanetary disk influenced the timing of protoplanet formation and their internal evolution. Migration of the water snow line can generate two distinct bursts of planetesimal formation that sample different source regions. These reservoirs evolve in divergent geophysical modes and develop distinct volatile contents, consistent with constraints from accretion chronology, thermo-chemistry, and the mass divergence of inner and outer Solar System. Our simulations suggest that the compositional fractionation and isotopic dichotomy of the Solar System was initiated by the interplay between disk dynamics, heterogeneous accretion, and internal evolution of forming protoplanets.
description: Published 21 January 2021; authors' version; 30 pages, 18 figures; summary available at http://bit.ly/BifurcationBlog (blog) and https://bit.ly/BifurcationVideo (video)
Bedeutung und Folgen der Wende in den mittel-osteuropäischen Gesellschaften aus kirchlich-theologischer Sicht
Creators: name: Fazakas, Sándor
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 66 Nr. 2 (2017): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 66, Heft 2
Hunting the CKM weak phase with time-integrated Dalitz analyses of Bs -> K pi pi decays
Creators: name: Ciuchini, M.
name: Pierini, M.
name: Silvestrini, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new technique to extract information on the Unitarity Triangle from the study of Bs -> K pi pi Dalitz plot. Using isospin symmetry and the possibility to access the decay amplitudes from Dalitz analyses, we propose a new strategy to extract the weak phase gamma from Bs to K pi pi.
description: 2 pages. v2: Discussion of interference on Dalitz plot clarified. Bs -> K K pi channels removed. v3: Improved discussion of experimental aspects. Final version to appear in Phys. Lett. B
High Shear Rotary Membrane System Enhancements for Naval Wastewaters
Creators: name: Bendick, John Adam
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: Disc
Membrane
Navy
Rotary
Rotating
Shear

description: Navy ships are floating cities, requiring infrastructure and resources while generating various wastes: bilge water, black/graywater, industrial wastewaters and solid residuals. Treatment equipment selection is based not only on reliability, operational ease and cost but also on weight and cube. Current treatment systems would benefit from efficient solids removal; however, standard equipment has not been effective, necessitating developing improved technologies.  Membranes systems simple operation and dependability fits shipboard requirements. The high shear rotary membrane system (HSR-MS) has shown a superior ability to remove contaminants and concentrate solids.  However, low throughout confines the technology to applications without space limitations. The broad research goal seeks to overcome the throughput and space limitations allowing for shipboard HSR-MS implementation. HSR-MS often operates at high rotation (ω) to improve flux (J) by maximizing shear. However, an understanding of J, ω, diameter (D), and pressure provides conflicting relationships. A higher ω and larger D maximizes shear (increases J), but also increases rotationally induced backpressure (decreases J). This means membrane inner areas operate under the highest pressure and lowest shear; while membrane outer areas operate under the lowest pressure and highest shear (opposite of what is desired).  To improve HSR-MS performance, J and/or D must increase. Larger D discs require operation with lower ω, leading to lost shear (decreased J).  This work proposes employing continuous surface cleaning (CSC) and/or backpulsing (BP) to overcome reduced shear and lost J facilitating using larger D discs.  Results showed J was highly dependent on ω and D. For every 100 rpm ω increase, J increased by 26 L/m2-hr. Flow (Q) was more sensitive providing ~1% increase in Q per mm D increase. The outer membrane third provided ≥ 50% of the total Q, while the inner third provided ~15%.  Both BP and CSC produced higher J, proving most beneficial at lower ω. J improved by ~75% for ω<500 rpm compared with ~25% for ω>500 rpm as flow conditions shifted from laminar to turbulent. Membrane inner area J improved with CSC or BP, but the outer area still produced the bulk of overall flow (~80%). Combing experimentally derived flux prediction models and BP/CSC flux improvements with commercially available membrane sizes show that larger D, slower ω discs can provide a 25-50% HSR-MS disc count reduction.
Mpemba effect in anisotropically driven inelastic Maxwell gases
Creators: name: Biswas, Apurba
name: Prasad, V. V.
name: Rajesh, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Through an exact analysis, we show the existence of Mpemba effect in an anisotropically driven inelastic Maxwell gas, a simplified model for granular gases, in two dimensions. Mpemba effect refers to the couterintuitive phenomenon of a hotter system relaxing to the steady state faster than a cooler system, when both are quenched to the same lower temperature. The Mpemba effect has been illustrated in earlier studies on isotropically driven granular gases, but its existence requires non-stationary initial states, limiting experimental realisation. In this paper, we demonstrate the existence of the Mpemba effect in anisotropically driven granular gases even when the initial states are non-equilibrium steady states. The precise conditions for the Mpemba effect, its inverse, and the stronger version, where the hotter system cools exponentially faster are derived.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2004.11559
D2.3 AI Scheduler Prototypes for Storage and Compute
Creators: name: Bidollahkhani, Michael
name: Sharma, Aasish Kumar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: DECICE
Storage Scheduler
AI Compute Scheduler

description: In our pursuit of optimizing scheduling processes, we employ a Virtual Training Environment (VTE)to train, improve and test AI models for scheduling. This VTE simulates a Digital Twin (DT)based on predefined scenarios. Our training methodology involves running AI models against thesescenarios, dynamically updating them, and assessing AI scheduler performance using specific metrics.This unique approach allows us to achieve faster-than-real-time training and enabling parallel trainingof multiple AI scheduler instances.The proposed AI scheduler has the ability to view the entire DT, including the job queue and thestate of running jobs. It optimizes resource allocation while respecting user specifications and candynamically reschedule jobs for better placement. Unlike traditional heuristics-based schedulers,our approach leverages machine learning to gain a deeper understanding of system dynamics andoptimizing resource allocation without increasing complexity unnecessarily.Furthermore, we are actively exploring deep learning strategies to further enhance scheduling per-formance. The primary purpose of our AI scheduler is to optimize workflow and resource utilization,both with and without historical data. It assists the VTE controller in making informed decisionsto handle incoming workloads effectively, contributing to enhanced resource pool management andworkflow optimization. Our commitment to advancing scheduling capabilities within this frameworkunderscores our dedication to improving resource utilization and workflow efficiency across variousindustries and applications.
Development of Chromatofocusing Techniques Employing Mixed-Mode Column Packings for Biomolecule Separations
Creators: name: Guo, Hui
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: chromatofocusing
mixed-mode column packing
protein separation

description: In this thesis, a novel category of mixed-mode separation methods was developed which combines the technique of chromatofocusing with complementary chromatographic methods that utilize nonelectrostatic interaction, such as hydrophobic interactions or size exclusion effects. In the study of the hydrophobic interaction chromatofocusing method, two commercial mixed-mode column packings, one based on mercapto-ethyl-pyridine and the other based on hexylamine were investigated with regard to their ability to separate proteins when using internally generated, retained pH gradients. The effects of added salt and urea on the behavior of the retained pH gradient and the protein separation achieved were also investigated for this case. Numerical simulations were shown to be a useful method to select the compositions of the starting and elution buffers in order to achieve desired shapes for the pH and ionic strength gradients. The use of the method to fractionate blood plasma was explored as a prototype example application. The size-exclusion chromatography combined with chromatofocusing was investigated using a bonded silica column packing where the underivatized silanol groups provided the electrostatic functionality.  A multiple-charge state model was developed to describe the adsorption process in these cases which is asymptotically exact in the limit of a low ionic strength mobile phase and weak adsorption affinity. This model accounts for the salt effect on the hydrophobic interaction, the effect of charge regulation where adsorption changes the protein charge, the size-exclusion effect, and the effect of changing pH. Calculations using both the Donnan potential and the surface potential to fit adsorption data for lysozyme suggested that the electrostatic repulsive component of the overall adsorption affinity in the mixed mode chromatography systems considered likely results from both localized charged regions on the protein adjacent to the column packing surface and the net overall charge on the protein.  In addition, a family of tetrazole-functionalized mixed-mode column packings based on both polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) and agarose was synthesized which incorporates both hydrophobic and weak-acid cation exchange functionalities. This material was studied with regard to its usefulness in mixed-mode chromatofocusing.
COMPLETELY NON-INVASIVE MONITORING OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN DISPOSABLE SMALL SCALE CELL CULTURE DEVICES
Creators: name: Gupta, Priyanka Amba
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: Bioprocess development
Cell culture
Dissolved oxygen
Non-invasive monitoring
Optical sensor
Small-scale monitoring

description: Increased emphasis on Process Analytical Technology (PAT) requires that process be monitored at every scale.  However, even though large scale systems are equipped with monitoring capabilities, small scale vessels are usually not monitored. Minimally invasive, disposable fluorescence based sensing patches which can be placed inside small scale vessels to monitor Dissolved Oxygen(DO) are now available but concerns regarding the effect of patches on cell cultures has limited their use. A new, completely non-invasive, method of monitoring DO has been suggested and implemented here. Sensor patch is placed and sealed outside gas permeable cell culture device and oxygen diffusing through its wall is detected by the patch. This is implemented for two types of vessels: T-flask and Vuelife? FEP bag. It has been shown that the outside patch follows the inside patches quite well and is capable of detecting DO concentrations in the range of interest for a mammalian cell culture.
Charge Transport in Single Au|Alkanedithiol|Au Junctions: Coordination Geometries and Conformational Degrees of Freedom
Creators: name: Li, Chen
name: Pobelov, Ilya
name: Wandlowski, Thomas
name: Bagrets, Alexei
name: Arnold, Andreas
name: Evers, Ferdinand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent STM molecular break-junction experiments have revealed multiple series of peaks in the conductance histograms of alkanedithiols. To resolve a current controversy, we present here an in-depth study of charge transport properties of Au|alkanedithiol|Au junctions. Conductance histograms extracted from our STM measurements unambiguously confirm features showing more than one set of junction configurations. Based on quantum chemistry calculations, we propose that certain combinations of different sulfur-gold couplings and trans/gauche conformations act as the driving agents. The present study may have implications for experimental methodology: whenever conductances of different junction conformations are not statistically independent, the conductance histogram technique can exhibit a single series only, even though a much larger abundance of microscopic realizations exists.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures, 1 table; published version
Fading opportunities for mitigating agriculture-environment trade-offs in a south American deforestation hotspot
Creators: name: Law, Elizabeth A.
name: Macchi, Leandro
name: Baumann, Matthias
name: Decarre, Julieta
name: Gavier-Pizarro, Gregorio
name: Levers, Christian
name: Mastrangelo, Matias E.
name: Murray, Francisco
name: Müller, Daniel
name: Piquer-Rodríguez, María
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agricultural expansion
subject: Agricultural intensification
subject: Conservation planning
subject: Pareto frontier
subject: Spatial prioritization
subject: Tropical dry forests
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Strong trade-offs between agriculture and the environment occur in deforestation frontiers, particularly in the world's rapidly disappearing tropical and subtropical dry forests. Pathways to mitigate these trade-offs are often unclear, as well as how deforestation or different policies alter the option space of available pathways. Using a spatial optimization framework based on linear programming, we develop a landscape-scale possibility frontier describing trade-offs between agricultural profit, biodiversity, and carbon stock for the Argentinean Dry Chaco, a global deforestation hotspot. We use this framework to assess how current land-use zoning, as well as past and future land-use-trajectories, alter the option space to minimize trade-offs between biodiversity, carbon, and agriculture. Our analyses yield four major insights. First, we found substantial co-benefits between biodiversity and carbon, yet strong trade-offs of both with agriculture. Second, development according to the current zoning could lead to highly suboptimal socio-ecological outcomes; our analysis pinpoints how this zoning could be improved. Third, high landscape-scale multifunctionality can be achieved using different land-use strategies, but maintaining >40% of forest is essential in all of them, and silvopasture systems appear to be central for achieving high overall multifunctionality. Finally, our results suggest the window of opportunity is closing rapidly: recent land-use changes since 2000 have rapidly moved the Chaco within the option space, with forest extent declining towards critical thresholds for maintaining balanced, multifunctional landscapes. Our results emphasize that the time for sustainability planning in the Chaco is now. More broadly, we show how multi-criteria optimization can describe dynamic trade-offs between agriculture and the environment at landscape and regional scales. This can help to identify land-system tipping points that, once crossed, would inhibit more sustainable futures, and policies to avoid such potential traps.
Extremely violent optical microvariability in blazars: fact or fiction?
Creators: name: Cellone, Sergio A.
name: Romero, Gustavo E.
name: Araudo, Anabella T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variability amplitudes larger than 1 magnitude over time-scales of a few tens of minutes have recently been reported in the optical light-curves of several blazars. In order to independently verify the real occurrence of such extremely violent events, we undertook an observational study of a selected sample of three blazars: PKS 0048-097, PKS 0754+100, and PKS 1510-089. Possible systematic error sources during data acquisition and reduction were carefully evaluated. We indeed found flux variability at intra-night time-scales in all three sources, although no extremely violent behaviour, as reported by other authors, was detected. We show that an incorrect choice of the stars used for differential photometry will, under fairly normal conditions, lead to spurious variability with large amplitudes on short time-scales. Wrong results of this kind can be avoided with the use of simple error-control techniques.
description: 8 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Platelet-S. aureus Interactions: A Study of Thrombus Formation in Whole Blood in the Presence of Bacteria Under Physiological Shear Conditions
Creators: name: Johnson, Michael Anthony
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2008
Subjects: Engineering, Chemical (0542)
Staphylococcus aureus
bacteria
MRSA
thrombosis
platelets
blood

description: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of community- and hospital-acquired infections. Many common diseases caused by S. aureus include infectious endocarditis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, pneumonia and septicemia. The recent surge in methicillin resistant S. aureus (64.4% of cases) and continued appearance of vancomycin resistant S. aureus highlights the need to develop a clearer understanding of the pathogenesis and infective mechanisms of the bacterium. In the initial stages of infection, S. aureus adheres to surface tissues. Once inside the bloodstream, the bacterium can be carried to any location in the body and promote new infections. The overall goal of this project is to understand how bacteria incorporate into growing thrombi and the effects of the bacterial presence on thrombus formation. The first part of my research quantifies bacterial incorporation into growing thrombi both at the surface and in the aggregate. Our results demonstrate that the fibrinogen receptor ClfA plays the dominant role in promoting S. aureus incorporation. The second and third part of our research demonstrated that bacterial presence in whole blood modulates thrombus formation through both receptor-mediated interaction and physical interaction. The fourth part of our research seeks to evaluate the feasibility of using the parallel plate flow chamber to conduct more complex experimental designs such as evaluating thrombus formation on a biofilm. We conclude that the current parallel plate flow chamber system and design can accommodate more complex systems, but the practicality of the experiments depends on the experimental design and budget. In summary, this project demonstrates the importance of the ClfA receptor in bacterial integration into growing thrombi and S. aureus receptors and physical presence to modulate thrombus formation.
Miniaturized probes for cell microenvironment: development, characterization, and application of fluorescent oxygen-sensing microparticles
Creators: name: Acosta, Miguel
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biomaterials
Fluorescense quenching
Microparticles
Oxygen sensors

description: Oxygen concentration is a key parameter in tissue culture and tissue engineering. As such, oxygen diffusion through biomaterials plays an important role in maintaining healthy tissues. As such, oxygen is one of the most important cues within the cell microenvironment, playing a role in the regulation of cellular responses that concern such cellular phenomena as cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Oxygen supply has become a limiting factor during the growth of highly metabolic tissues and large tissue masses, mainly as a result of insufficient vascularization and the low aqueous solubility of oxygen. In addition, limited oxygen supply has been linked to the propagation of bacterial infections due to bacterial detachment from biofilms within the body. Therefore, gaining an understanding of the cellular response to changes in soluble cues, such as oxygen concentration, through their microenvironment may potentially lead to optimized oxygen delivery within biomaterials, improved methods to control cell behavior in engineered tissues, and improved therapies to treat bacterial infections. However, mapping oxygen concentration and characterizing oxygen transport in three-dimensional culture systems has proven difficult due to the lack of adequate tools. To address this need, we have developed oxygen-sensing microparticles that can be suspended through the volume of a transparent biomaterial and measure oxygen concentration and characterize oxygen transport in a non-invasive manner. These microparticles sense oxygen by fluorescence quenching of the oxygen-sensitive fluorophore tris (4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium (II) dichloride, or Ru(Ph2phen3)Cl2, while immobilized onto silica carriers. These microparticles are geared towards applications in both mammalian and bacterial cell culture where oxygen concentration and transport can be directly correlated to cell function. We provide a detailed description of the synthesis processes of these microparticles, their characterization, and calibration. Subsequently, we show that they are suited for their intended applications by demonstrating that they can be suspended through the volume of a biomaterial and are compatible with both mammalian and bacterial culture. Finally, we propose methodologies for the intended applications of the microparticles regarding the correlation cell function to oxygen transport during 3D mammalian cell culture and bacterial biofilm culture. This correlation will mark the first time oxygen concentration is linked to cellular functions that it directly impacts during three-dimensional culture.
Laboratory Assessment of Bioavailability Reduction of DDx by Sorbent Amendments to Sediment
Creators: name: Joshi, Chirayu
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010

description: Past research has shown that amendment of activated carbon and other sorbents can be a viable option for reducing the contaminant bioavailability in sediments. In situ remediation can serve as an alternative or additional solution to the traditional approach of dredging and capping. The research documented in this thesis evaluates the effectiveness of different types and doses of sorbents in reducing bio uptake of DDx (DDT, DDD, DDE) from an industrially impacted sediment. Bioaccumulation studies were performed in laboratory microcosms to understand the impact of sorbent amendments on DDx bioavailability. Sediment amended with a coal based and coconut shell based activated carbon applied in a pelletized form at 0.5 times of sediment organic carbon reduced bioaccumulation of three DDT compounds (4,4-DDD, 2,4-DDD, 4,4-DDE)  by 70-90% in L. Variegatus. Direct addition of coconut shell based activated carbon was less effective in the reduction of DDx bioaccumulation compared to SediMiteTM. The amendment of sediment with Ambersorb? was not effective in reducing bioaccumulation compared to activated carbon. Freely dissolved concentration of contaminants in sediment porewater constitutes an important route of exposure to benthic organisms. Polyoxymethylene (POM) was used as a passive sampler to measure aqueous concentrations of DDx from sediment porewater. The reductions in aqueous equilibrium concentration from sediment amended with three different sorbents correlate well with the reductions observed in biouptake studies. Desorption tests showed a strong correlation between carbon dose and reductions in an easily desorbed fraction of three DDT compounds (4,4-DDD, 2,4-DDD, 4,4-DDE)  in sediment. Compounds desorbed in 6 hr from sediment may provide a good surrogate for bioavailability of the sediment sorbed contaminants. Desorption kinetic studies support the findings from both bioaccumulation and aqueous equilibrium studies, and demonstrate that DDx bioavailability in sediments is reduced greatly by activated carbon applied in a pelletized form. The promising results with SediMiteTM illustrate the potential for delivering in situ treatment material to DDx contaminated sites.
New and updated Praat TextGrids
Creators: name: Parker, Stephen
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: ccc

description: 99 TextGrid files. The files in this bundle are either new TextGrids or ones that replace extant ones housed in other bundles. See the relations between this bundle and the various ones indicated: when the relation is 'references,' the corresponding bundle of audiovisual files has no extant TextGrids; when the relation is 'replaces,' the corresponding bundle has TexTGrids that are replaced by the TextGrids in this bundle. When the relation is both, all TextGrids in the corresponding bundle are replaced, in addition to new ones being added.

Thanks go to Brock Nathan for help in preparing these TextGrids.
Gate-defined wires in twisted bilayer graphene: from electrical detection of inter-valley coherence to internally engineered Majorana modes
Creators: name: Thomson, Alex
name: Sorensen, Ina
name: Nadj-Perge, Stevan
name: Alicea, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) realizes a highly tunable, strongly interacting system featuring superconductivity and various correlated insulating states. We establish gate-defined wires in TBG with proximity-induced spin-orbit coupling as $(i)$ a tool for revealing the nature of correlated insulators and $(ii)$ a platform for Majorana-based topological qubits. In particular, we show that the band structure of a gate-defined wire immersed in an `inter-valley coherent' correlated insulator inherits electrically detectable fingerprints of symmetry breaking native to the latter. Surrounding the wire by a superconducting TBG region on one side and an inter-valley coherent correlated insulator on the other further enables the formation of Majorana zero modes--possibly even at zero magnetic field depending on the precise symmetry-breaking order present. Our proposal not only introduces a highly gate-tunable topological qubit medium relying on internally generated proximity effects, but can also shed light on the Cooper-pairing mechanism in TBG.
description: 7 pages, 39 pages appendix (v2: new references and additional discussion in appendix)
The QCD Axion and Moduli Stabilisation
Creators: name: Conlon, Joseph P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the conditions for a QCD axion to coexist with stabilised moduli in string compactifications. We show how the simplest approaches to moduli stabilisation give unacceptably large masses to the axions. We observe that solving the F-term equations is insufficient for realistic moduli stabilisation and give a no-go theorem on supersymmetric moduli stabilisation with unfixed axions applicable to all string compactifications and relevant to much current work. We demonstrate how nonsupersymmetric moduli stabilisation with unfixed axions can be realised. We finally outline how to stabilise the moduli such that f_a is within the allowed window 10^9 GeV < f_a < 10^{12} GeV, with f_a ~ \sqrt{M_{SUSY} M_P}.
description: 36 pages; v2: extended discussion of cosmological bound on f_a, references added, version accepted by journal; v3. factor of 2 corrected
Von der Wende zur Kehrtwende - Politische Tansformationsprozesse in Zentral- und Osteuropa nach 1989
Creators: name: Balogh, László Levente
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 66 Nr. 2 (2017): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 66, Heft 2
Additional file 1 of Meat consumption and risk of 25 common conditions: outcome-wide analyses in 475,000 men and women in the UK Biobank study
Creators: name: Papier, Keren
name: Fensom, Georgina K.
name: Knuppel, Anika
name: Appleby, Paul N.
name: Tong, Tammy Y. N.
name: Schmidt, Julie A.
name: Travis, Ruth C.
name: Key, Timothy J.
name: Perez-Cornago, Aurora
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1 Methods 1. Assessment of dietary intake for meat. Methods 2. Assessment of health outcomes. Methods 3. Covariates. Table 1. Disease outcome definition and exclusion criteria. Table 2. Baseline characteristics of participants by total meat intake in UK Biobank (n = 467,384). Table 3. Baseline characteristics of participants by unprocessed red meat intake in UK Biobank (n = 468,328). Table 4. Baseline characteristics of participants by processed meat intake in UK Biobank (n = 472,844). Table 5. Baseline characteristics of participants by poultry meat intake in UK Biobank (n = 473,011). Table 6. Risk of 25 common conditions by total meat intake in UK Biobank. Table 7. Risk of 25 common conditions by unprocessed red and processed meat intake in UK Biobank. Table 8. Risk of 25 common conditions by unprocessed red meat intake in UK Biobank. Table 9. Risk of 25 common conditions by processed meat intake in UK Biobank. Table 10. Risk of 25 common conditions by poultry meat intake in UK Biobank. Figure 1. Participant flow chart of the study. Figure 2. Risk of 25 common conditions by higher daily intake of total meat excluding the first 4 years of follow-up, in never smokers. Figure 3. Risk of 25 common conditions by higher daily intake of unprocessed red and processed meat excluding the first 4 years of follow-up, in never smokers. Figure 4. Risk of 25 common conditions by higher daily intake of unprocessed red meat excluding the first 4 years of follow-up, in never smokers. Figure 5. Risk of 25 common conditions by higher daily intake of processed meat excluding the first 4 years of follow-up, in never smokers. Figure 6. Risk of 25 common conditions by higher daily intake of poultry meat excluding the first 4 years of follow-up, in never smokers. Figure 7. Risk of 25 common conditions per 100 g/day higher daily intake of total meat.
Accumulated oxygen deficit among highly conditioned female rowers during a 2,000 meter race simulation
Creators: name: Pripstein, Laura
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In the last twenty years there have been various studies that have examined physiologic demands of rowing for the competitive athlete, however most of the literature focuses on male rowers. Now with the growing popularity of women's rowing programs at both collegiate and national levels, there is a need for research that evaluates the physiological profiles of highly conditioned oarswomen. The significant contribution of aerobic work to a rower's performance has been substantiated in past research (Hagerman, F.C., 1984 ), however, fewer studies have specifically looked at anaerobic energy release during a simulated 2,000 meter rowing race in female rowers. This is partly due to the difficulty in quantifying anaerobic energy capacity in the laboratory. Studies by Medbo et al. (1988,1993) have validated the linear extrapolation method of accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD) to determine anaerobic energy release during exercise. Data on AOD suggest that 2 minutes of exercise to exhaustion is required to use anaerobic sources fully (Medbo et al., 1988). It has also been concluded by Gastin et al. (1995) that an "all-out" protocol provides a valid estimate of maximal AOD (mAOD). Therefore the objectives of the present study were to measure both the maximal anaerobic capacities of highly conditioned oarswomen by the AOD method and compare this to the AOD of each rower during a 2K race simulation (RS) on the Concept II rowing ergometer (RE). Sixteen highly trained female rowers volunteered for the study. The protocol consisted of 4, four minute submaximal V02 rowing bouts (20-80% max), a 2 minute all-out test, and a 2K RS. Each test was performed on the RE with V02 and power output (PO) recorded every 15 sec. Positive linear correlations between V02 and PG for each subject were all greater than 0.99. The mAOD (2 minutes) averaged 3.40L± 0.68 which was not significantly different than the AOD for the 2K RS (3.50L±1.40). These results indicate that the subjects maximally taxed their anaerobic energy systems in the RS. Total time for 2K RS averaged 7.5 min±0.2 and the relative contribution of the anaerobic energy sources during RS equaled approximately 12% of total as determined via the AOD method.
DeHiDe: Deep Learning-based Hybrid Model to Detect Fake News using Blockchain
Creators: name: Agrawal, Prashansa
name: Anjana, Parwat Singh
name: Peri, Sathya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The surge in the spread of misleading information, lies, propaganda, and false facts, frequently known as fake news, raised questions concerning social media's influence in today's fast-moving democratic society. The widespread and rapid dissemination of fake news cost us in many ways. For example, individual or societal costs by hampering elections integrity, significant economic losses by impacting stock markets, or increases the risk to national security. It is challenging to overcome the spreading of fake news problems in traditional centralized systems. However, Blockchain-- a distributed decentralized technology that ensures data provenance, authenticity, and traceability by providing a transparent, immutable, and verifiable transaction records can help in detecting and contending fake news. This paper proposes a novel hybrid model DeHiDe: Deep Learning-based Hybrid Model to Detect Fake News using Blockchain. The DeHiDe is a blockchain-based framework for legitimate news sharing by filtering out the fake news. It combines the benefit of blockchain with an intelligent deep learning model to reinforce robustness and accuracy in combating fake news's hurdle. It also compares the proposed method to existing state-of-the-art methods. The DeHiDe is expected to outperform state-of-the-art approaches in terms of services, features, and performance.
description: 13 Pages, 5 figures, and 1 table
Field-induced quantum disordered phases in S=1/2 weakly-coupled dimer systems with site dilution
Creators: name: Roscilde, Tommaso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present paper we discuss the rich phase diagram of S=1/2 weakly coupled dimer systems with site dilution as a function of an applied uniform magnetic field. Performing quantum Monte Carlo simulations on a site-diluted bilayer system, we find a sequence of three distinct quantum-disordered phases induced by the field. Such phases divide a doping-induced order-by-disorder phase at low fields from a field-induced ordered phase at intermediate fields. The three quantum disordered phases are: a gapless disordered-free-moment phase, a gapped plateau phase, and two gapless Bose-glass phases. Each of the quantum-disordered phases have distinct experimental signatures that make them observable through magnetometry and neutron scattering measurements. In particular the Bose-glass phase is characterized by an unconventional magnetization curve whose field-dependence is exponential. Making use of a local-gap model, we directly relate this behavior to the statistics of rare events in the system.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
FEEDBACK: a SOFIA Legacy Program to Study Stellar Feedback in Regions of Massive Star Formation
Creators: name: Schneider, N.
name: Simon, R.
name: Guevara, C.
name: Buchbender, C.
name: Higgins, R. D.
name: Okada, Y.
name: Stutzki, J.
name: Guesten, R.
name: Anderson, L. D.
name: Bally, J.
name: Beuther, H.
name: Bonne, L.
name: Bontemps, S.
name: Chambers, E.
name: Csengeri, T.
name: Graf, U. U.
name: Gusdorf, A.
name: Jacobs, K.
name: Kabanovic, S.
name: Karim, R.
name: Luisi, M.
name: Menten, K.
name: Mertens, M.
name: Mookerjea, B.
name: Ossenkopf-Okada, V.
name: Pabst, C.
name: Pound, M. W.
name: Richter, H.
name: Reyes, N.
name: Ricken, O.
name: Roellig, M.
name: Russeil, D.
name: Sanchez-Monge, A.
name: Sandell, G.
name: Tiwari, M.
name: Wiesemeyer, H.
name: Wolfire, M.
name: Wyrowski, F.
name: Zavagno, A.
name: Tielens, A. G. G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: FEEDBACK is a SOFIA legacy program dedicated to study the interaction of massive stars with their environment. It performs a survey of 11 galactic high mass star forming regions in the 158 $μ$m (1.9 THz) line of CII and the 63 $μ$m (4.7 THz) line of OI. We employ the 14 pixel LFA and 7 pixel HFA upGREAT instrument to spectrally resolve (0.24 MHz) these FIR structure lines. With an observing time of 96h, we will cover $\sim$6700 arcmin$^2$ at 14.1$''$ angular resolution for the CII line and 6.3$''$ for the OI line. The observations started in spring 2019 (Cycle 7). Our aim is to understand the dynamics in regions dominated by different feedback processes from massive stars such as stellar winds, thermal expansion, and radiation pressure, and to quantify the mechanical energy injection and radiative heating efficiency. The CII line provides the kinematics of the gas and is one of the dominant cooling lines of gas for low to moderate densities and UV fields. The OI line traces warm and high-density gas, excited in photodissociations regions with a strong UV field or by shocks. The source sample spans a broad range in stellar characteristics from single OB stars, to small groups of O stars, to rich young stellar clusters, to ministarburst complexes. It contains well-known targets such as Aquila, the Cygnus X region, M16, M17, NGC7538, NGC6334, Vela, and W43 as well as a selection of HII region bubbles, namely RCW49, RCW79, and RCW120. These CII maps, together with the less explored OI 63 $μ$m line, provide an outstanding database for the community. They will be made publically available and will trigger further studies and follow-up observations.
Code for "Climate-relevant land cover composition and configuration trajectories in Europe"
Creators: name: Ferro, Marco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Code to generate the analysis produced in "Climate-relevant land cover composition and configuration trajectories in Europe"  by Marco Ferro, Trishna Dutta, Silke Hüttel, Marcus Lindner, Stefan Poll, and Jan Börner

"Data_Preparation" creates the input data for the clustering analysis by calculating the shares of Plant Functional Types and Landscape Metrics

"Clustering_Analysis" performs the Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) analysis and shows how to plot metrics for cluster quality 

"TopsoilTemperature" extracts the values for the topsoil temperature from the TSMP output and "BoxPlotTemperature" plots them. Raw data are stored in the JUWELS system at Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC)