cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
WILLINGNESS TO PAY VERSUS EXPECTED CONSUMPTION VALUE IN VICKREY AUCTIONS FOR NEW EXPERIENCE GOODS
Creators: name: Alfnes, Frode
name: Alfnes, Frode
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: experience goods
subject: value of information
subject: Vickrey auctions.

description: Vickrey auctions are commonly used to elicit willingness to pay for new food products. This paper shows that in a multi-period context, it can be optimal to bid higher than the expected consumption value for new experience goods to obtain information about the quality of the goods. The degree of value uncertainty, the purchasing frequency, and expected future market prices affect both the expected value of the quality information and the weakly dominant bidding strategy in Vickrey auctions for new experience goods. Keywords: experience goods, value of information, Vickrey auctions.
Rent-Seeking in Noxious Weed Regulations: Evidence from US States
Creators: name: Min, He
name: Gopinath, Munisamy
name: Buccola, Steven T.
name: McEvoy, Peter B.
name: Min, He
name: Gopinath, Munisamy
name: Buccola, Steven T.
name: McEvoy, Peter B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Many non-native insect, disease, and weed pests of food, fiber, and nursery crops pose threats to the U.S. environment, agricultural production, and exports. In this study we focus on regulations controlling the spread of noxious weeds, especially the regulatory differences among US states and investigate the determinants of such regulations. With a simple game-theoretic framework, we derive cross-state regulatory congruence as a function of ecological and agronomic characteristics and stakeholder lobbying through political contributions. Empirical results suggest ecological and agronomic dissimilarities drive large cross-state differences in noxious weed regulation across states. However, evidence of stakeholder interests in shaping these regulations is found to be statistically significant. In particular, the seed industry appears to favor more uniform regulations among US states.
Data Help Desk Planning Tips
Creators: name: Carter, Megan
Publisher: name: ESIP
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 49999 Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This document outlines tips and lessons learned from planning and executing Data Help Desks in conjunction with multiple scientific meetings for others who wish to host similar events. Emphasis is placed on in-person events, though much of this information is useful for planning virtual Data Help Desks as well.
Role of local temperature in the current-driven metal-insulator transition of Ca2RuO4
Creators: name: Mattoni, Giordano
name: Yonezawa, Shingo
name: Nakamura, Fumihiko
name: Maeno, Yoshiteru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was recently reported that a continuous electric current is a powerful control parameter to trigger changes in the electronic structure and metal-insulator transitions (MITs) in Ca2RuO4. However, the spatial evolution of the MIT and the implications of the unavoidable Joule heating have not been clarified yet, often hindered by the difficulty to asses the local sample temperature. In this work, we perform infrared thermal imaging on single-crystal Ca2RuO4 while controlling the MIT by electric current. The change in emissivity at the phase transition allows us to monitor the gradual formation and expansion of metallic phase upon increasing current. Our local temperature measurements indicate that, within our experimental resolution, the MIT always occurs at the same local transition temperatures, irrespectively if driven by temperature or by current. Our results highlight the importance of local heating, phase coexistence, and microscale inhomogeneity when studying strongly correlated materials under the flow of electric current.
Numerical Study of Structural Phase Transitions in a Vertically Confined Plasma Crystal
Creators: name: Qiao, K.
name: Hyde, T. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dusty plasmas consists of an ionized gas containing small (usually negatively charged) particles. Dusty plasmas are of interest in both astrophysics and space physics as well as in research in plasma processing and nanofabrication. In this work, the formation of plasma crystals confined in an external one-dimensional parabolic potential well is simulated for a normal experimental environment employing a computer code called BOX_TREE. Such crystals are layered systems, with each layer a two dimensional lattice composed of grain particles. The number of layers is dependent upon the external potential parameter. For constant layer number, the intralayer structure transits from a square lattice to a hexagonal (triangular) lattice as the confining potential decreases. For hexagonal lattices, both hcp and fcc characteristics were found but hcp structures dominate. The relative thickness of the system was also examined. The results were compared with previous experimental and theoretical results and found to agree.
AN EVALUATION OF TEACHING EVALUATIONS: WHAT DO THE NUMBERS MEAN?
Creators: name: Fleming, Ronald A.
name: Fleming, Ronald A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Student evaluation of teaching helps determine faculty merit ratings. A multinomial choice, ordered data model is used to identify factors having high statistical relevance with respect to value of the course and quality of instruction. Some results agree with findings from outside Agriculture, but there are interesting exceptions.
Impact of Biotechnology on Plant Breeding
Creators: name: Hock, Cricket
name: Naseem, Anwar
name: Hossain, Ferdaus
name: Pray, Carl E.
name: Hock, Cricket
name: Naseem, Anwar
name: Hossain, Ferdaus
name: Pray, Carl E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The application of modern biotechnology to plant breeding is considered to be more efficient and quicker than conventional breeding techniques in the development of new and more resilient crop varieties. To test the impact that biotechnology is having on a industrial plant breeding activities, we relate firm level Plant Variety Protection Certificate (PVPC) applications to corresponding expenditure on research and development (R&D), agricultural biotechnology patents applications, field trials of genetically modified crops, firm structure, as well as industry specific characteristics. Regression results indicate agbiotech activities are directly related to PVP applications, hence the creation of new plant varieties.
CHET TILINI O'RGANISHDA PSIXOLOGIYANING AHAMIYATI
Creators: name: Mamidova, Shaxnoza
name: Zubaydova, Nilufar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada chet tilini o‘rganishda psixologiyaning qay darajada ahamiyatga ega ekanligi ko‘rib chiqiladi. Muallif ularning o‘zaro uzviy bog‘liqligini hamda chet tilini o‘rganishda motivatsiya muhim o‘rin egallashi ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi. Bundan tashqari chet tilini endi o‘rganuvchi o‘quvchilar uchun ota-onalarning munosabatlari to‘g‘risida gap yuritiladi.
Magnetic Moment Softening and Domain Wall Resistance in Ni Nanowires
Creators: name: Burton, J. D.
name: Sabirianov, R. F.
name: Jaswal, S. S.
name: Tsymbal, E. Y.
name: Mryasov, O. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic moments in atomic scale domain walls formed in nanoconstrictions and nanowires are softened which affects dramatically the domain wall resistance. We perform ab initio calculations of the electronic structure and conductance of atomic-size Ni nanowires with domain walls only a few atomic lattice constants wide. We show that the hybridization between noncollinear spin states leads to a reduction of the magnetic moments in the domain wall. This magnetic moment softening strongly enhances the domain wall resistance due to scattering produced by the local perturbation of the electronic potential.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Are fulleranes responsible for the 21 micron feature?
Creators: name: Zhang, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent detections of C$_{60}$, C$_{70}$, and C$_{60}^+$ in space induced extensive studies of fullerene derivatives in circumstellar environments. As the promising fullerene sources, protoplanetary nebulae (PPNe) show a number of unidentified bands in their infrared spectra, among which a small sample exhibits an enigmatic feature at $\sim21$\,$μ$m. Hydrogenation of fullerenes can produce fulleranes emitting new infrared bands. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of fulleranes (C$_{60}$H$_m$) as the carrier of the 21\,$μ$m feature in terms of theoretical vibrational spectra of fulleranes. The evidences favoring and disfavoring the fullerane hypothesis are presented. We made an initial guess for the hydrogen coverage of C$_{60}$H$_m$ that may contribute to the 21\,$μ$m feature.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
FARM CERTIFICATION AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HACCP IN AGRICULTURE: A COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Galan, Mari-Neatrice
name: Aubry, Christine
name: Maze, Armelle
name: Galan, Mari-Neatrice
name: Aubry, Christine
name: Maze, Armelle
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: HACCP
subject: methodology
subject: cost/benefit analysis
subject: farming system
subject: risk assessment.

description: This article aims to highlight the methodological bases and principles, sometimes implicit, that have served as support for the development of a referential similar to the one retained as part of the French decree on "Agriculture Raisonnée", namely the Quali'Terre referential. We show that the innovations introduced by this referential are of various natures: i) a change of perspective by taking a position at the level of the farming system and not of a given parcel of land or production, ii) use of the HACCP method for identification and most especially the prioritization of risks and the preventive measures to be implemented, iii) the introduction of the concept of continual improvement for the farmer. Even, if from an agronomic point of view, the application of this type of referential does not seem insurmountable, we show that, based on a study of about one hundred farms in Picardie, its global approach on farm management, unstead of just applying technical requirements, involves changes in farmer's practices that are more difficult than what was expected first.
SHARE TENANCY, OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE, AND PREVENTED PLANTING CLAIMS IN CROP INSURANCE
Creators: name: Rejesus, Roderick M.
name: Escalante, Cesar L.
name: Lovell, Ashley C.
name: Rejesus, Roderick M.
name: Escalante, Cesar L.
name: Lovell, Ashley C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Risk and Uncertainty

description: A theoretical model based on opportunity cost and expected utility principles establishes linkages between the likelihood of prevented planting claims in crop insurance, existing share leasing arrangements and internal farm business structures. Results of probit estimation procedures indicate that simpler internal business structures and a more dominant farmer-tenant leasing position can increase the probability of submitting a prevented planting claim.
Compactification of the moduli space of hyperplane arrangements
Creators: name: Hacking, Paul
name: Keel, Sean
name: Tevelev, Jenia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J10; 52C35

description: Consider the moduli space M^0 of arrangements of n hyperplanes in general position in projective (r-1)-space. When r=2 the space has a compactification given by the moduli space of stable curves of genus 0 with n marked points. In higher dimensions, the analogue of the moduli space of stable curves is the moduli space of stable pairs: pairs (S,B) consisting of a variety S (possibly reducible) and a divisor B=B_1+..+B_n, satisfying various additional assumptions. We identify the closure of M^0 in the moduli space of stable pairs as Kapranov's Chow quotient compactification of M^0, and give an explicit description of the pairs at the boundary. We also construct additional irreducible components of the moduli space of stable pairs.
description: 26 pages, 1 figure
JSENet: Joint Semantic Segmentation and Edge Detection Network for 3D Point Clouds
Creators: name: Hu, Zeyu
name: Zhen, Mingmin
name: Bai, Xuyang
name: Fu, Hongbo
name: Tai, Chiew-lan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Semantic segmentation and semantic edge detection can be seen as two dual problems with close relationships in computer vision. Despite the fast evolution of learning-based 3D semantic segmentation methods, little attention has been drawn to the learning of 3D semantic edge detectors, even less to a joint learning method for the two tasks. In this paper, we tackle the 3D semantic edge detection task for the first time and present a new two-stream fully-convolutional network that jointly performs the two tasks. In particular, we design a joint refinement module that explicitly wires region information and edge information to improve the performances of both tasks. Further, we propose a novel loss function that encourages the network to produce semantic segmentation results with better boundaries. Extensive evaluations on S3DIS and ScanNet datasets show that our method achieves on par or better performance than the state-of-the-art methods for semantic segmentation and outperforms the baseline methods for semantic edge detection. Code release: https://github.com/hzykent/JSENet
description: Accepted to ECCV 2020, supplementary materials included
Superconductivity in Boron under pressure - why are the measured T$_c$'s so low?
Creators: name: Bose, S. K.
name: Kato, T.
name: Jepsen, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the full potential linear muffin-tin orbitals (FP-LMTO) method we examine the pressure-dependence of superconductivity in the two metallic phases of Boron: bct and fcc. Linear response calculations are carried out to examine the phonon frequencies and electron-phonon coupling for various lattice parameters, and superconducting transition temperatures are obtained from the Eliashberg equation. In both bct and fcc phases the superconducting transition temperature T$_c$ is found to decrease with increasing pressure, due to stiffening of phonons with an accompanying decrease in electron-phonon coupling. This is in contrast to a recent report, where T$_c$ is found to increase with pressure. Even more drastic is the difference between the measured T$_c$, in the range 4-11 K, and the calculated values for both bct and fcc phases, in the range 60-100 K. The calculation reveals that the transition from the fcc to bct phase, as a result of increasing volume or decreasing pressure, is caused by the softening of the X-point transverse phonons. This phonon softening also causes large electron-phonon coupling for high volumes in the fcc phase, resulting in coupling constants in excess of 2.5 and T$_c$ nearing 100 K. We discuss possible causes as to why the experiment might have revealed T$_c$'s much lower than what is suggested by the present study. The main assertion of this paper is that the possibility of high T$_c$, in excess of 50 K, in high pressure pure metallic phases of boron cannot be ruled out, thus substantiating the need for further experimental investigations of the superconducting properties of high pressure pure phases of boron.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, 1 Table
Linear polarization in the nucleus of M87 at 7 mm and 1.3 cm
Creators: name: Kravchenko, E. V.
name: Giroletti, M.
name: Hada, K.
name: Meier, D. L.
name: Nakamura, M.
name: Park, J.
name: Walker, R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on high angular resolution polarimetric observations of the nearby radio galaxy M87 using the Very Long Baseline Array at 24 GHz ($λ=$1.3 cm) and 43 GHz ($λ=$7 mm) in 2017-2018. New images of the linear polarization substructure in the nuclear region are presented, characterized by a two-component pattern of polarized intensity and smooth rotation of the polarization plane around the 43 GHz core. From a comparison with an analogous dataset from 2007, we find that this global polarization pattern remains stable on a time interval of 11 yr, while showing smaller month-scale variability. We discuss the possible Faraday rotation toward the M87 nucleus at centimeter to millimeter wavelengths. These results can be interpreted in a scenario where the observed polarimetric pattern is associated with the magnetic structure in the confining magnetohydrodynamic wind, which also serves as the source of the observed Faraday rotation.
description: 9 pages, including 4 pages of Appendix; published in A&A Letters
Evaluating observational drawing as an educational approach. In Association for Medical Education in Europe (AMEE), 2017 Abstract Book #7HH05 (245) (page 3) by Keenan, ID and Shapiro, L.
Creators: name: Keenan, Iain
name: Shapiro, Leonard
Publisher: name: University of Cape Town
Year: 2020
Subjects: Anatomy

description: Evaluating observational drawing as an educational approach. In Association for Medical Education in Europe (AMEE), 2017 Abstract Book #7HH05 (245) (page 3) by Keenan, ID and Shapiro, L.
Structural Patterns and Generative Models of Real-world Hypergraphs
Creators: name: Do, Manh Tuan
name: Yoon, Se-eun
name: Hooi, Bryan
name: Shin, Kijung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphs have been utilized as a powerful tool to model pairwise relationships between people or objects. Such structure is a special type of a broader concept referred to as hypergraph, in which each hyperedge may consist of an arbitrary number of nodes, rather than just two. A large number of real-world datasets are of this form - for example, list of recipients of emails sent from an organization, users participating in a discussion thread or subject labels tagged in an online question. However, due to complex representations and lack of adequate tools, little attention has been paid to exploring the underlying patterns in these interactions. In this work, we empirically study a number of real-world hypergraph datasets across various domains. In order to enable thorough investigations, we introduce the multi-level decomposition method, which represents each hypergraph by a set of pairwise graphs. Each pairwise graph, which we refer to as a k-level decomposed graph, captures the interactions between pairs of subsets of k nodes. We empirically find that at each decomposition level, the investigated hypergraphs obey five structural properties. These properties serve as criteria for evaluating how realistic a hypergraph is, and establish a foundation for the hypergraph generation problem. We also propose a hypergraph generator that is remarkably simple but capable of fulfilling these evaluation metrics, which are hardly achieved by other baseline generator models.
description: to be published in the 26th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD '20)
Open Heterotic Strings
Creators: name: Polchinski, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We classify potential cosmic strings according to the topological charge measurable outside the string core. We conjecture that in string theory it is this charge that governs the stability of long strings. This would imply that the SO(32) heterotic string can have endpoints, but not the E_8 x E_8 heterotic string. We give various arguments in support of this conclusion.
description: 15 pages. v.2: typos, references corrected
PRESENCE OF STOCHASTIC ERRORS IN THE INPUT DEMANDS: ARE DUAL AND PRIMAL ESTIMATIONS EQUIVALENT?
Creators: name: Bittencourt, Maurício Vaz Lobo
name: Bittencourt, Maurício Vaz Lobo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: stochastic errors
subject: input demands
subject: dual
subject: primal
subject: policy implication
subject: Monte Carlo simulation.

description: This study verifies the primal and dual approaches in presence of stochastic errors in output and input demands, and policy implications when such errors are not taken into account. A data set based on a representative agent behavior is created through Monte Carlo simulation and used to estimate econometrically the primal and dual functions associated to the technology chosen. Results show that both formulations are unbiased, consistent, and efficient. No consideration of these errors can lead to wrong policy recommendations in a productive sector. Any kind of policy created to improve the total production of a particular sector has to consider the issues so far discussed to avoid such bias problems and inefficiency before be applied to the real world.
360$^\circ$ Depth Estimation from Multiple Fisheye Images with Origami Crown Representation of Icosahedron
Creators: name: Komatsu, Ren
name: Fujii, Hiromitsu
name: Tamura, Yusuke
name: Yamashita, Atsushi
name: Asama, Hajime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this study, we present a method for all-around depth estimation from multiple omnidirectional images for indoor environments. In particular, we focus on plane-sweeping stereo as the method for depth estimation from the images. We propose a new icosahedron-based representation and ConvNets for omnidirectional images, which we name "CrownConv" because the representation resembles a crown made of origami. CrownConv can be applied to both fisheye images and equirectangular images to extract features. Furthermore, we propose icosahedron-based spherical sweeping for generating the cost volume on an icosahedron from the extracted features. The cost volume is regularized using the three-dimensional CrownConv, and the final depth is obtained by depth regression from the cost volume. Our proposed method is robust to camera alignments by using the extrinsic camera parameters; therefore, it can achieve precise depth estimation even when the camera alignment differs from that in the training dataset. We evaluate the proposed model on synthetic datasets and demonstrate its effectiveness. As our proposed method is computationally efficient, the depth is estimated from four fisheye images in less than a second using a laptop with a GPU. Therefore, it is suitable for real-world robotics applications. Our source code is available at https://github.com/matsuren/crownconv360depth.
description: 8 pages, Accepted to the 2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2020). For supplementary video, see https://youtu.be/_vVD-zDMvyM
Bimodality as a signal of Liquid-Gas phase transition in nuclei?
Creators: name: Lopez, Olivier
name: Lacroix, Denis
name: Vient, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the HIPSE (Heavy-Ion Phase-Space Exploration) Model to discuss the origin of the bimodality in charge asymmetry observed in nuclear reactions around the Fermi energy. We show that it may be related to the important angular momentum (spin) transferred into the quasi-projectile before secondary decay. As the spin overcomes the critical value, a sudden opening of decay channels is induced and leads to a bimodal distribution for the charge asymmetry. In the model, it is not assigned to a liquid-gas phase transition but to specific instabilities in nuclei with high spin. Therefore, we propose to use these reactions to study instabilities in rotating nuclear droplets.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures Accepted to PRL
AGENCY PERCEPTIONS OF ALTERNATIVE SALINITY POLICIES: THE ROLE OF FAIRNESS
Creators: name: McCann, Laura M.J.
name: Hafdahl, Adam
name: McCann, Laura M.J.
name: Hafdahl, Adam
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Economics has looked at the decision process of politicians but the decision process of agency staff has primarily been the purview of sociologists. Agencies affect the final form of regulations, they may enforce or ignore regulations that exist, and they provide information to the political process. Policies recommended by economists for nonpoint source pollution control are seldom supported by government agencies. This study examined the relationship between preferences for a particular policy and perceptions of farmer cost, farmer resistance, efficacy in salinity reduction, fairness, and administrative costs. The latter were included to find whether transaction costs of implementing policies affect preferences and whether this could help explain the existence of current policies. To test this hypothesis, a survey of people working on the salinity issue in Western Australia was conducted and structural equation modelling was used to examine the relationship between perceived policy attributes. As expected, fairness had a direct and significant effect on policy preference and also affected farmer resistance and administrative cost. Administrative cost was also positively affected by farmer cost and farmer resistance. Interestingly, other analyses showed there was no direct effect between farmer cost and policy preference or between effectiveness and farmer resistance.
MPI Collectives for Multi-core Clusters: Optimized Performance of the Hybrid MPI+MPI Parallel Codes
Creators: name: Zhou, Huan
name: Gracia, Jose
name: Schneider, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The advent of multi-/many-core processors in clusters advocates hybrid parallel programming, which combines Message Passing Interface (MPI) for inter-node parallelism with a shared memory model for on-node parallelism. Compared to the traditional hybrid approach of MPI plus OpenMP, a new, but promising hybrid approach of MPI plus MPI-3 shared-memory extensions (MPI+MPI) is gaining attraction. We describe an algorithmic approach for collective operations (with allgather and broadcast as concrete examples) in the context of hybrid MPI+MPI, so as to minimize memory consumption and memory copies. With this approach, only one memory copy is maintained and shared by on-node processes. This allows the removal of unnecessary on-node copies of replicated data that are required between MPI processes when the collectives are invoked in the context of pure MPI. We compare our approach of collectives for hybrid MPI+MPI and the traditional one for pure MPI, and also have a discussion on the synchronization that is required to guarantee data integrity. The performance of our approach has been validated on a Cray XC40 system (Cray MPI) and NEC cluster (OpenMPI), showing that it achieves comparable or better performance for allgather operations. We have further validated our approach with a standard computational kernel, namely distributed matrix multiplication, and a Bayesian Probabilistic Matrix Factorization code.
description: 10 pages. Accepted for publication in ICPP Workshops 2019
IMPLEMENTING TARIFF RATE QUOTAS IN CGE MODELS: AN APPLICATION TO SUGAR TRADE POLICIES IN OECD COUNTRIES
Creators: name: Van Der Mensbrugghe, Dominique
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Mitchell, Don
name: Van Der Mensbrugghe, Dominique
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Mitchell, Don
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: We use Mixed-Complementarity-Problem programming to implement tariff rate quotas (TRQ) in the global CGE LINKAGE model. We apply the approach to tariff rate quotas in sugar markets in OECD countries. We calibrate the model on 2000 policy levels for OECD countries to reflect the full implementation of their World Trade Organization commitments. We look at reforms of TRQ and TRQ-like schemes in the EU, the United States, and Japan, as well as multilateral trade liberalization. We derive the impact of reforms on welfare, bilateral trade flows, and terms of trade. A 33-percent multilateral decrease of ad-valorem tariffs, combined with a 33-percent increase in imports under TRQ-like schemes in the EU, the United States, and Japan, induces a global welfare gain of about 889 million dollars. These three countries' trade policies create substantial trade diversion, which excludes many low-cost producers from trading opportunities. An expansion of their import quotas alone, without multilateral trade liberalization, induces welfare gains but preserves most of the trade diversion patterns. The latter diversion benefits some Least Developed Countries' producers because of granted bilateral TRQ allocations. In the context of greater market access, reductions in tariffs in the EU and the United States, and in border "surcharges" in Japan will have to be dramatic before they can significantly affect trade flows as compared to TRQ expansion. Full multilateral trade liberalization induces global welfare gains of about $3 billion.
[CII] 158$μ$m Emission and Metallicity in PDRs
Creators: name: Röllig, M.
name: Ossenkopf, V.
name: Jeyakumar, S.
name: Stutzki, J.
name: Sternberg, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of a metallicity variation on the thermal balance and [CII] fine-structure line strengths in interstellar photon dominated regions (PDRs). We find that a reduction in the dust-to-gas ratio and the abundance of heavy elements in the gas phase changes the heat balance of the gas in PDRs. The surface temperature of PDRs decreases as the metallicity decreases except for high density ($n>10^6$ cm$^{-3}$) clouds exposed to weak ($χ< 100$) FUV fields where vibrational H$_2$-deexcitation heating dominates over photoelectric heating of the gas. We incorporate the metallicity dependence in our KOSMA-$τ$ PDR model to study the metallicity dependence of [CII]/CO line ratios in low metallicity galaxies. We find that the main trend in the variation of the observed CII/CO ratio with metallicity is well reproduced by a single spherical clump, and does not necessarily require an ensemble of clumps as in the semi-analytical model presented by Bolatto et al. (1999).
description: 16 pages, 14 figures, accepted by A&A
RF Helicon-based Inductive Plasma Thruster (IPT) Design for an Atmosphere-Breathing Electric Propulsion system (ABEP)
Creators: name: Romano, Francesco
name: Chan, Yung-An
name: Herdrich, Georg
name: Roberts, Peter C. E.
name: Fasoulas, C. Traub S.
name: Smith, K.
name: Edmondson, S.
name: Haigh, S.
name: Crisp, N. H.
name: Oiko, V. T. A.
name: Worrall, S. D.
name: Livadiotti, S.
name: Huyton, C.
name: Sinpetru, L. A.
name: Straker, A.
name: Becedas, J.
name: Domínguez, R. M.
name: González, D.
name: Cañas, V.
name: Sulliotti-Linner, V.
name: Hanessian, V.
name: Mølgaard, A.
name: Nielsen, J.
name: Bisgaard, M.
name: Garcia-Almiñana, D.
name: Rodriguez-Donaire, S.
name: Sureda, M.
name: Kataria, D.
name: Outlaw, R.
name: Villain, R.
name: Perez, J. S.
name: Conte, A.
name: Belkouchi, B.
name: Schwalber, A.
name: Heißerer, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Challenging space missions include those at very low altitudes, where the atmosphere is source of aerodynamic drag on the spacecraft. To extend such missions lifetime, an efficient propulsion system is required. One solution is Atmosphere-Breathing Electric Propulsion (ABEP). It collects atmospheric particles to be used as propellant for an electric thruster. The system would minimize the requirement of limited propellant availability and can also be applied to any planet with atmosphere, enabling new mission at low altitude ranges for longer times. Challenging is also the presence of reactive chemical species, such as atomic oxygen in Earth orbit. Such species cause erosion of (not only) propulsion system components, i.e. acceleration grids, electrodes, and discharge channels of conventional EP systems. IRS is developing within the DISCOVERER project, an intake and a thruster for an ABEP system. The paper describes the design and implementation of the RF helicon-based inductive plasma thruster (IPT). This paper deals in particular with the design and implementation of a novel antenna called the birdcage antenna, a device well known in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and also lately employed for helicon-wave based plasma sources in fusion research. The IPT is based on RF electrodeless operation aided by an externally applied static magnetic field. The IPT is composed by an antenna, a discharge channel, a movable injector, and a solenoid. By changing the operational parameters along with the novel antenna design, the aim is to minimize losses in the RF circuit, and accelerate a quasi-neutral plasma plume. This is also to be aided by the formation of helicon waves within the plasma that are to improve the overall efficiency and achieve higher exhaust velocities. Finally, the designed IPT with a particular focus on the birdcage antenna design procedure is presented
Tc for heavy Fermion superconductors linked with other physical properties at zero and applied pressure
Creators: name: Angilella, G. G. N.
name: March, N. H.
name: Pucci, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The superconducting transition temperature Tc has earlier been correlated with coherence length and effective mass for a series of heavy Fermion (HF) materials at atmospheric pressure. Here, a further physical property, the dc electrical conductivity sigma(Tc), is one focal point, another being the pressure dependence of both Tc and sigma(Tc) for several HF materials. The relaxation time tau(Tc) is also studied in relation to an Uncertainty Principle limit, involving only the thermal energy kB Tc and Planck's constant.
description: Supercond. Sci. Tech., to appear
Nutritional value of cereal-based gluten-free products and comparison to that of gluten containing counterparts in the Greek market
Creators: name: Bathrellou, Eirini
name: Kontogianni, Meropi D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Nutritional value of the Gluten-free products (GFPs) has been highly debated. Aiming to assess the nutritional value of the cereal-based GFPs in the Greek market, information from the nutritional label and the ingredients list, of all GFPs and their gluten-containing (GC) counterparts available in a supermarket offering the greatest availability in the capital of Greece, were recorded. The sample consisted of 913 products: 351 GFPs and 562 GCPs, classified into 12 categories (e.g., breads, melbas, breakfast cereals, cereal bars, pasta, flours, cookies). With minor exceptions, comparisons among all food categories regarding nutrient profile and nutritional claims showed mixed results, though supporting an overly comparable nutritional profile of the GFPs. Still, a quarter of all GFPs presented an unhealthy nutritional profile. The findings of the present study are highly in agreement with those of relevant studies in the literature, that do not support an inferior nutritional profile compared to GC counterparts.
STOPPING THE DRAIN: THIRD-PARTY RESISTANCE TO WATER MARKETING IN CALIFORNIA
Creators: name: Hanak, Ellen
name: Hanak, Ellen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Growth of the water market since the early 1990s has generated controversy in California's source regions over two types of transfers - those drawing on native groundwater reserves and those resulting from crop idling. Given incomplete state-level protections for third parties who may suffer adverse effects of water sales, local authorities have responded with their own measures. In particular, many rural counties have adopted ordinances restricting groundwater exports. Some communities have restricted farmers' right to fallow land for the market. Original data on water market flows and local ordinances are used to analyze the impact of county trade restrictions on water sales and water exports. County ordinances have reduced water exports by nearly20 percent and water sales by nearly 15 percent since the mid 1990s and have shifted some exports to local buyers. Several policy options are available for mitigating third-party effects in less trade-restrictive ways. For groundwater protection, a more efficient solution lies in the establishment of local groundwater management systems. Recent test cases will provide useful guidance on the practical difficulties of implementing a transfer tax to compensate communities for the impacts of fallowing.
Fig. S2_pairs-cors.pdf from Zygomorphic flowers have fewer potential pollinator species
Creators: name: Yoder, Jeremy B.
name: Gomez, Giancarlo
name: Carlson, Colin J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Botanists have long identified bilaterally symmetrical (zygomorphic) flowers with more specialized pollination interactions than radially symmetrical (actinomorphic) flowers. Zygomorphic flowers facilitate more precise contact with pollinators, guide pollinator behaviour and exclude less effective pollinators. However, whether zygomorphic flowers are actually visited by a smaller subset of available pollinator species has not been broadly evaluated. We compiled 53 609 floral visitation records in 159 communities and classified the plants' floral symmetry. Globally and within individual communities, plants with zygomorphic flowers are indeed visited by fewer species. At the same time, zygomorphic flowers share a somewhat larger proportion of their visitor species with other co-occurring plants and have particularly high sharing with co-occurring plants that also have zygomorphic flowers. Visitation sub-networks for zygomorphic species also show differences that may arise from reduced visitor diversity, including greater connectance, greater web asymmetry and lower coextinction robustness of both plants and visitor species—but these changes do not necessarily translate to whole plant-visitor communities. These results provide context for widely documented associations between zygomorphy and diversification and imply that species with zygomorphic flowers may face a greater risk of extinction due to pollinator loss.
The spectra of evolved stars at 20--25\,GHz: tracing circumstellar chemistry during the asymptotic giant branch to planetary nebula transition
Creators: name: Zhang, Yong
name: Chau, Wayne
name: Nakashima, Jun-ichi
name: Kwok, Sun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an unbiased radio line survey towards the circumstellar envelopes of evolved stars at the frequency range from 20 to 25 GHz, aiming to obtain a more complete unbiased picture of the chemical evolution in the final stages of stellar evolution. The observation sample includes the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star IRC+10216, the proto-planetary nebulae (PPNs) CRL\,2688 and CRL\,618, and the young planetary nebula (PN) NGC\,7027, representing an evolutionary sequence spanning about 10,000 years. Rotational transitions from cyanopolyyne chains and inversion lines from ammonia are detected in the AGB star and PPNs, while the PN displays several recombination lines. The different spectral behaviors of these evolved stars clearly reflect the evolution of circumstellar chemistry during the AGB-PPN-PN transitions.
description: 37 pages. 8 figures, Accepted for publication in PASJ
Spectroscopic Binaries in Planetary Nebulae
Creators: name: Bond, Howard E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is already known that about 10% of central stars of PNe are very short-period binaries (hours to days), which are detected through photometric variations. These must have been formed through common-envelope interactions in initially wide binaries, accompanied by ejection of the envelope and its subsequent photoionization as a PN. Radial-velocity observations by ourselves and others are now suggesting that an even larger fraction of planetary nuclei may be spectroscopic binaries, making the total binary fraction very large. However, we have not as yet been able to rule out the possibility that the apparent velocity changes are actually due to stellar-wind variations. Pending follow-up spectroscopic observations with large telescopes, it presently appears plausible that binary-star ejection is the major formation channel for planetary nebulae.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; to appear in: Planetary Nebulae as Astronomical Tools, edited by R. Szczerba, G. Stasi\'nska, and S. K. G\'orny, AIP Conference Proceedings, Melville, New York, 2005
Fig. S1_map-symm-npoll-Rshare.pdf from Zygomorphic flowers have fewer potential pollinator species
Creators: name: Yoder, Jeremy B.
name: Gomez, Giancarlo
name: Carlson, Colin J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Botanists have long identified bilaterally symmetrical (zygomorphic) flowers with more specialized pollination interactions than radially symmetrical (actinomorphic) flowers. Zygomorphic flowers facilitate more precise contact with pollinators, guide pollinator behaviour and exclude less effective pollinators. However, whether zygomorphic flowers are actually visited by a smaller subset of available pollinator species has not been broadly evaluated. We compiled 53 609 floral visitation records in 159 communities and classified the plants' floral symmetry. Globally and within individual communities, plants with zygomorphic flowers are indeed visited by fewer species. At the same time, zygomorphic flowers share a somewhat larger proportion of their visitor species with other co-occurring plants and have particularly high sharing with co-occurring plants that also have zygomorphic flowers. Visitation sub-networks for zygomorphic species also show differences that may arise from reduced visitor diversity, including greater connectance, greater web asymmetry and lower coextinction robustness of both plants and visitor species—but these changes do not necessarily translate to whole plant-visitor communities. These results provide context for widely documented associations between zygomorphy and diversification and imply that species with zygomorphic flowers may face a greater risk of extinction due to pollinator loss.
DO AGRICULTURAL PRESERVATION PROGRAMS AND PREFERENTIAL PROPERTY TAX PROGRAMS AFFECT FARMLAND CONVERSION?
Creators: name: Lynch, Lori
name: Lynch, Lori
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: This paper examines the impact of having a preservation program on the rate of farmland loss for a 50 year period (1949-1997) in six Mid-Atlantic States: Delaware, Maryland, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Because farmland loss is affected by changing agricultural profitability, demand for land for non-agricultural purposes, and farmers' alternative employment opportunities, we include variables to control for these factors as well. Because a high rate of farmland loss may actually be the reason a county or state begins a preservation program, we need to determine if this endogeniety is causing biased and inconsistent results. If farmland preservation programs are only in counties with a high rate of farmland loss, then we need to establish what might have been the farmland loss rate if the program had not existed to determine if the program is having an impact.
Automatic enumeration of regular objects
Creators: name: Mishna, Marni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A15 (primary) 05C50 05C65 (secondary)

description: We describe a framework for systematic enumeration of families combinatorial structures which possess a certain regularity. More precisely, we describe how to obtain the differential equations satisfied by their generating series. These differential equations are then used to determine the initial counting sequence and for asymptotic analysis. The key tool is the scalar product for symmetric functions and that this operation preserves D-finiteness.
description: Corrected for readability; To appear in the Journal of Integer Sequences