cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Η αντιμετώπιση ανθρωπιστικών κρίσεων στον 21ο αιώνα: το δόγμα της ευθύνης προστασίας
Creators: name: Ευαγγελοπούλου, Αναστασία Δημητρίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2012
Subjects: ανθρωπιστικές κρίσεις
ευθύνη προστασίας
εσωτερικές συγκρούσεις
humanitarian crises
responsibility to protect
internal conflicts

description: Το θέμα της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η, σχετικά νέα στο χώρο του διεθνούς δικαίου, έννοια της «ευθύνης προστασίας» (The Responsibility to Protect ή αλλιώς R2P). Με την αύξηση τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες των εσωτερικών συγκρούσεων στα κράτη και κατ’ επέκταση της μαζικής διάπραξης εγκλημάτων σε βάρος του πληθυσμού τους, αναδύθηκε το πρόβλημα της αντιμετώπισης τους από τη διεθνή κοινότητα και του κατά πόσο αυτή ήταν επιτρεπτή. Για το λόγο αυτό, γίνεται μία ιστορική αναδρομή, που εξηγεί τη μετάβαση από την αμφιλεγόμενη έννοια της ανθρωπιστικής επέμβασης, η οποία κυριαρχούσε μέχρι το 2001 στις συζητήσεις για την αντιμετώπιση ανθρωπιστικών κρίσεων, προς το νέο δόγμα. Στη συνέχεια αναλύεται η έννοια, όπως αυτή πρωτοεμφανίστηκε στην Έκθεση της Διεθνούς Επιτροπής για την Επέμβαση και την Κρατική Κυριαρχία (ICISS), και εξετάζεται η εξέλιξη της μέσα από την πρακτική των οργάνων του Οργανισμού Ηνωμένων Εθνών. Τέλος, γίνεται μία μελέτη περιπτώσεων, στις οποίες έγινε επίκληση του δόγματος, σε άλλες ορθά, ενώ σε άλλες όχι και κάποιων στις οποίες δεν έγινε, αν και είναι σαφές ότι υπάγονται στο πλαίσιο του R2P. Σκοπός της εργασίας είναι να δοθεί μία ικανοποιητική περιγραφή του δόγματος, όπως αυτό επικράτησε (αν θεωρηθεί ότι επικράτησε) και να ερευνηθεί το κατά πόσο τελικά άλλαξε τον τρόπο αντιμετώπισης ανθρωπιστικών κρίσεων από τη διεθνή κοινότητα ή θα μείνει στην ιστορία απλώς ως μία θεωρητική κατασκευή, κενή ουσίας.
description: The subject of this paper is the, relatively new in international law, concept of the responsibility to protect (or R2P). The rise of internal conflicts in states and the subsequent rise of mass atrocity crimes during the past decades has brought to the surface the issue of how the international community should deal with them and if it is entitled to do so. Thus the paper begins with a historical review, which explains the passage from the controversial concept of humanitarian intervention, a concept that prevailed in discussions regarding humanitarian crises until 2001, to the new norm. The concept of R2P is analyzed, as it first appeared in the report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, and its evolution through the practice of the Organs of the United Nations is examined. In the end, I examine a series of cases where R2P was invoked, in some correctly, in others not, and some where it was not invoked, even though they clearly fall into the R2P frame. This paper aims to give a comprehensive description of the norm, as it was established, and to explore whether it ultimately changed the way humanitarian crises are dealt with by the international community, or it will in fact remain nothing more than a theoretical construction, devoid of true substance.
Tissue distribution in primal cuts of Canadian beef composites and opportunities for harvesting younger and leaner cattle
Creators: name: Goonewardene, Laksiri A.; Basarab, John A.; Wang, Z.; Price, Megan A.; Ramsey, P.; Marx, T.; Aalhus, J.; Seneviratne, R. W.; Yalingasinghe, W. G. N. P.; Okine, Erasmus K.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Libraries
Year: 2012

Abstract
Introduction to the Gopakumar-Vafa Large N Duality
Creators: name: Auckly, Dave
name: Koshkin, Sergiy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T45, 14N35, 17B37, 57M27, 81T30

description: Gopakumar-Vafa large N duality is a correspondence between Chern-Simons invariants of a link in a 3-manifold and relative Gromov-Witten invariants of a 6-dimensional symplectic manifold relative to a Lagrangian submanifold. We address the correspondence between the Chern-Simons free energy of S^3 with no link and the Gromov-Witten invariant of the resolved conifold in great detail. This case avoids mathematical difficulties in formulating a definition of relative Gromov-Witten invariants, but includes all of the important ideas. There is a vast amount of background material related to this duality. We make a point of collecting all of the background material required to check this duality in the case of the 3-sphere, and we have tried to present the material in a way complementary to the existing literature. This paper contains a large section on Gromov-Witten theory and a large section on quantum invariants of 3-manifolds. It also includes some physical motivation, but for the most part it avoids physical terminology.
description: This is the version published by Geometry & Topology Monographs on 21 September 2007
Half-Magnetic Topological Insulator
Creators: name: Lu, Ruie
name: Sun, Hongyi
name: Kumar, Shiv
name: Wang, Yuan
name: Gu, Mingqiang
name: Zeng, Meng
name: Hao, Yu-Jie
name: Li, Jiayu
name: Shao, Jifeng
name: Ma, Xiao-Ming
name: Hao, Zhanyang
name: Zhang, Ke
name: Mansuer, Wumiti
name: Mei, Jiawei
name: Zhao, Yue
name: Liu, Cai
name: Deng, Ke
name: Huang, Wen
name: Shen, Bing
name: Shimada, Kenya
name: Schwier, Eike F.
name: Liu, Chang
name: Liu, Qihang
name: Chen, Chaoyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological magnets are a new family of quantum materials providing great potential to realize emergent phenomena, such as quantum anomalous Hall effect and axion-insulator state. Here we present our discovery that stoichiometric ferromagnet MnBi8Te13 with natural heterostructure MnBi2Te4-(Bi2Te3)3 is an unprecedented half-magnetic topological insulator, with the magnetization existing at the MnBi2Te4 surface but not at the opposite surface terminated by triple Bi2Te3 layers. Our angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements unveil a massive Dirac gap at the MnBi2Te4 surface, and gapless Dirac cone on the other side. Remarkably, the Dirac gap (~28 meV) at MnBi2Te4 surface decreases monotonically with increasing temperature and closes right at the Curie temperature, thereby representing the first smoking-gun spectroscopic evidence of magnetization-induced topological surface gap among all known magnetic topological materials. We further demonstrate theoretically that the half-magnetic topological insulator is desirable to realize the half-quantized surface anomalous Hall effect, which serves as a direct proof of the general concept of axion electrodynamics in condensed matter systems.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures
Systematic difference between ionized and molecular gas velocity dispersion in $z\sim1-2$ disks and local analogues
Creators: name: Girard, M.
name: Fisher, D. B.
name: Bolatto, A. D.
name: Abraham, R.
name: Bassett, R.
name: Glazebrook, K.
name: Herrera-Camus, R.
name: Jiménez, E.
name: Lenkić, L.
name: Obreschkow, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the molecular and ionized gas velocity dispersion of 9 nearby turbulent disks, analogues to high-redshift galaxies, from the DYNAMO sample using new ALMA and GMOS/Gemini observations. We combine our sample with 12 galaxies at $z\sim $0.5-2.5 from the literature. We find that the resolved velocity dispersion is systematically lower by a factor $2.45\pm0.38$ for the molecular gas compared to the ionized gas, after correcting for thermal broadening. This offset is constant within the galaxy disks and indicates the co-existence of a thin molecular and thick ionized gas disks. This result has a direct impact on the Toomre $Q$ and pressure derived in galaxies. We obtain pressures $\sim0.22$ dex lower on average when using the molecular gas velocity dispersion, $σ_{0,mol}$. We find that $σ_{0,mol}$ increases with gas fraction and star formation rate. We also obtain an increase with redshift and show that the EAGLE and FIRE simulations overall overestimate $σ_{0,mol}$ at high redshift. Our results suggest that efforts to compare the kinematics of gas using ionized gas as a proxy for the total gas may overestimate the velocity dispersion by a significant amount in galaxies at the peak of cosmic star formation. When using the molecular gas as a tracer, our sample is not consistent with predictions from constant efficiency star formation models, even when including transport as a source of turbulence. Feedback models with variable star formation efficiency, $ε_{ff}$, and/or feedback efficiency, $p_*/m_*$, better predict our observations.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 19 pages, 6 figures
A focus group investigation of a wilderness adventure programme
Creators: name: Bartel, Wesley James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The focus of this masters thesis was to examine wilderness adventure programming from the perspective of the participants through use of the focus group technique. This study has revealed that the field of wilderness programming as a therapeutic intervention has a great deal of work to do in the areas of theory and research. Researchers need to begin using qualitative methods such as the focus group technique to build a theoretical base that can guide practice. Furthermore, programme descriptions must become more detailed so that research can be adequately evaluated and compared. The results of this study indicate that there are critical factors such as group work and difficulty that are crucial to the design of wilderness adventure programmes. They further suggest that the programmes examined help to build the self esteem of participants and to deter them from further involvement with the criminal justice system.
Theory of a double-dot charge detector
Creators: name: Geszti, Tamas
name: Bernad, Jozsef Zsolt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A double quantum dot charge detector, with one dot Coulomb coupled to the electron to be detected and the other modulated by a time-dependent plunger voltage, is analyzed in a minimal model. The signal and noise of the detector are calculated by a standard master equation and MacDonald formula technique. We find a dip in the noise spectrum at the double Rabi frequency of the double dot, defining the bandwidth available for detecting charges in motion.
description: 5 pages, 3 eps figures, corrected according to published Erratum
Simulation of wave-particle duality in multi-path interferometers on a quantum computer
Creators: name: Amico, Mirko
name: Dittel, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an architecture to investigate wave-particle duality in $N$-path interferometers on a universal quantum computer involving as low as $2\log N$ qubits and develop a measurement scheme which allows the efficient extraction of quantifiers of interference visibility and which-path information. We implement our algorithms for interferometers with up to $N=16$ paths in proof-of-principle experiments on a noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) device using down to $\mathcal{O}(\log N)$ gates and despite increasing noise consistently observe a complementary behavior between interference visibility and which-path information. Our results are in accordance with our current understanding of wave-particle duality and allow its investigation for interferometers with an exponentially growing number of paths on future quantum devices beyond the NISQ era.
description: 9 pages (5 pages main text, 3 pages appendix, 1 page references)
Self-rotating wave approximation via symmetric ordering of ladder operators
Creators: name: Larson, Jonas
name: Moya-Cessa, Hector
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how some Hamiltonians may be approximated using rotating wave approximation methods. In order to achieve this we use the algebra of boson ladder operators, and transformation formulas between normal and symmetric ordering of the operators. The method presented is studied in two special cases; the Morse and the Mathiue models. The connection with regular perturbation theory is given and the validity of the approximation is discussed.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
title: Life under military occupation: an anticolonial feminist analysis of everyday politics of living in Kashmir
Creators: name: Pandit, Niharika
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2022

description: This thesis is an anticolonial feminist analysis of everyday politics of living in Kashmir under Indian military occupation. Feminist and critical militarisation scholarship largely from the Global North has shown that race and gender are co-constitutive of militaristic projects. While building on this work, this thesis shifts the site of analysis to a Global South geography (Kashmir) as not simply an empirical elsewhere. But to show how occupation of Kashmir complicates our theoretical understanding of this state-enforced militarised project that relies on gendering and racialisation of Kashmir Muslims and emerges as a condition of India’s (post)coloniality. To theorise the processes, functions and effects of occupation in their intersectional gendered complexities, this thesis deploys ‘everyday politics of living’ as an analytic orientation to examine how Kashmiri Muslim subjects survive, navigate and contest occupation and its violent effects in everyday life. Grounded in ethnographic and archival sensibility, this thesis offers a theoretical account of how occupation relies on gendered and racialised discourses about Kashmir and Kashmiri Muslims, their material consequences and the emergent forms of everyday politics that Kashmiri subjects practice to counter these effects. In conceptualising occupation as an ongoing process, this thesis shows how this military project takes hold in social, spatial, embodied, affective, temporal and discursive ways. These complexities are regulated through the hierarchies of gender and racialisation that come to have distinct effects and modulate how differently placed Kashmiri Muslim subjects survive and contest occupation. In conversation with transnational anti/decolonial feminist theory, Black, postcolonial and queer feminisms, Critical Kashmir studies and critical and feminist thinking on militarisms, this thesis makes the following conclusions: occupation of Kashmir emerges as a constitutive logic of (post)coloniality. While deploying existing gendered and social hierarchies, occupation widens these constraints in contingent ways, creating a germane ground for wilful anti-occupation politics to flourish.
ERICC Policy Brief _ Empowering Futures: Overcoming Educational Barriers for Adolescents in Cox’s Bazar
Creators: name: ERICC Consortium
name: Haque, Ashraf
name: Abedin, Mohosin
name: Hasan, Galib
name: Saha, Proma
name: Dow, Jeffrey
name: Zaw, Htet Thiha
name: Diazgranados Ferráns, Silvia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 390201
subject: Education policy

description: This policy brief highlights findings from the ERICC formative research study titled ‘Access and continuity of quality education for older adolescent boys and girls in the refugee camp and host community of Cox’s Bazar’.That study identifies: (1) the key stakeholders involved in creating education opportunities for older adolescents and girls in Cox’s Bazar; (2) the technical and vocational opportunities that are available to older adolescents and girls in Cox’s Bazar; (3) the determinants influencing school dropout rates among adolescents in both refugee and host communities in Cox’s Bazar; (4) the expectations and life goals of adolescents and girls in Cox’s Bazar.The study emphasises the skills deemed valuable by the adolescents and their parents; the opportunities for and barriers to skills development, and the formal and non-formal educational pathways available for re-engagement in schooling for that group. A number of barriers have been identified as the main reasons for school dropout, especially for girls. These include early marriage, gender norms surrounding domestic responsibilities, safety issues, and financial constraints.The recommendations of the study point to the need to address such barriers, particularly among the Rohingya refugee community, focusing on five key areas that are:● Expand technical and vocational education training (TVET) programmes● Enhance access to formal secondary education● Strengthen school capacity and aligning non-formal education● Provide targeted financial support● Introduce community-based income-generation programmes
Unconventional sequence of correlated Chern insulators in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Pierce, Andrew T.
name: Xie, Yonglong
name: Park, Jeong Min
name: Khalaf, Eslam
name: Lee, Seung Hwan
name: Cao, Yuan
name: Parker, Daniel E.
name: Forrester, Patrick R.
name: Chen, Shaowen
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Vishwanath, Ashvin
name: Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo
name: Yacoby, Amir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay between strong electron-electron interactions and band topology can lead to novel electronic states that spontaneously break symmetries. The discovery of flat bands in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) with nontrivial topology has provided a unique platform in which to search for new symmetry-broken phases. Recent scanning tunneling microscopy and transport experiments have revealed a sequence of topological insulating phases in MATBG with Chern numbers $C=\pm 3, \, \pm 2, \, \pm 1$ near moiré band filling factors $ν= \pm 1, \, \pm 2, \, \pm 3$, corresponding to a simple pattern of flavor-symmetry-breaking Chern insulators. Here, we report high-resolution local compressibility measurements of MATBG with a scanning single electron transistor that reveal a new sequence of incompressible states with unexpected Chern numbers observed down to zero magnetic field. We find that the Chern numbers for eight of the observed incompressible states are incompatible with the simple picture in which the $C= \pm 1$ bands are sequentially filled. We show that the emergence of these unusual incompressible phases can be understood as a consequence of broken translation symmetry that doubles the moiré unit cell and splits each $C=\pm 1$ band into a $C=\pm 1$ band and a $C=0$ band. Our findings significantly expand the known phase diagram of MATBG, and shed light onto the origin of the close competition between different correlated phases in the system.
Swift GRBs: the early afterglow spectral energy distribution
Creators: name: Tagliaferri, G.
name: Malesani, D.
name: Vergani, S. D.
name: Campana, S.
name: Chincarini, G.
name: Covino, S.
name: Guidorzi, C.
name: Moretti, A.
name: Romano, P.
name: Antonelli, L. A.
name: Capalbi, M.
name: Conciatore, M. L.
name: Cusumano, G.
name: Giommi, P.
name: La Parola, V.
name: Mangano, V.
name: Mineo, T.
name: Perri, M.
name: Troja, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first results of a program to systematically study the optical-to-X-ray spectral energy distribution (SED) of Swift GRB afterglows with known redshift. The goal is to study the properties of the GRB explosion and of the intervening absorbing material. In this report we present the preliminary analysis on 23 afterglows. Thanks to Swift, we could build the SED at early times after the GRB (minutes to hours). We derived the Hydrogen column densities and the spectral slopes from the X-ray spectrum. We then constrained the visual extinction by requiring that the combined optical/X-ray SED is due to synchrotron, namely either a single power law or a broken power law with a slope change by 0.5. We confirm a low dust-to-metal ratio, smaller than in the SMC, even from the analysis of data taken significantly earlier than previously possible. Our analysis does not support the existence of ``grey'' dust. We also find that the synchrotron spectrum works remarkably well to explain afterglow SEDs. We clearly see, however, that during the X-ray steep decay phases and the flares, the X-ray radiation cannot be due only to afterglow emission.
description: To be published in the proceedings of the conference "SWIFT and GRBs: Unveiling the Relativistic Universe", Venice, June 5-9, 2006. To appear in Il Nuovo Cimento, 8 pages, 5 figures
Comments on the "Generalized" KLJN Key Exchanger with Arbitrary Resistors: Power, Impedance, Security
Creators: name: Ferdous, Shahriar
name: Chamon, Christiana
name: Kish, Laszlo B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In (Nature) Science Report 5 (2015) 13653, Vadai, Mingesz and Gingl (VMG) introduce a new Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key exchanger that operates with 4 arbitrary resistors (instead of 2 arbitrary resistance values forming 2 identical resistor pairs in the original system). They state that in this new, VMG-KLJN, non-equilibrium system with nonzero power flow, the security during the exchange of the two (HL and LH) bit values is as strong as in the original KLJN scheme. Moreover, they claim that, at practical conditions, their VMG-KLJN protocol "supports more robust protection against attacks". First, we investigate the power flow and thermal equilibrium issues of the VMG-KLJN system with 4 arbitrary resistors. Then we introduce a new KLJN protocol that allows the arbitrary choice of 3 resistors from the 4, while it still operates with zero power flow during the exchange of single bits by utilizing a specific value of the 4th resistor and a binary temperature set for the exchanged (HL and LH) bit values. Then we show that, in general, the KLJN schemes with more than 2 arbitrary resistors (including our new protocol mentioned above) are prone to 4 new passive attacks utilizing the parasitic capacitance and inductance in the cable, while the original KLJN scheme is naturally immune against these new attacks. The core of the security vulnerability exploited by these attacks is the different line resistances in the HL and LH cases. Therefore, on the contrary of the statement and claim cited above, the practical VMG-KLJN system is less secure than the original KLJN scheme. We introduce another 2, modified, non-equilibrium KLJN systems to eliminate the vulnerability against some - but not all - of these attacks. However the price for that is the loss of arbitrariness of the selection of the 4th resistor and the information leak still remains greater than zero.
On a Convex Operator for Finite Sets
Creators: name: Ćurgus, Branko
name: Kołodziejczyk, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52A05

description: Let $S$ be a finite set with $n$ elements in a real linear space. Let $\cJ_S$ be a set of $n$ intervals in $\nR$. We introduce a convex operator $\co(S,\cJ_S)$ which generalizes the familiar concepts of the convex hull $\conv S$ and the affine hull $\aff S$ of $S$. We establish basic properties of this operator. It is proved that each homothet of $\conv S$ that is contained in $\aff S$ can be obtained using this operator. A variety of convex subsets of $\aff S$ can also be obtained. For example, this operator assigns a regular dodecagon to the 4-element set consisting of the vertices and the orthocenter of an equilateral triangle. For $\cJ_S$ which consists of bounded intervals, we give the upper bound for the number of vertices of the polytope $\co(S,\cJ_S)$.
description: 20 pages, 16 figures
Adriano et al (2023) Percepção da iniciativa privada brasileira sobre risco político_II Simpósio Ânima
Creators: name: Adriano, Leandro
name: Santana, Gabriel
name: Rodrigues, Júlia
name: Batista, Victor
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 440899
subject: Political science not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 350208
subject: Investment and risk management

description: Para compreender a percepção do empreendedor brasileiro acerca do risco político no Brasil e quais ideários a alimentam, tendo em mente a parca quantia de pesquisas e estudos conduzidos nesta área no país, foi elaborado e disseminado um questionário que visa coletar dados sobre a visão que essa classe tem de diversos setores da administração e do Estado. Analisando os resultados obtidos, percebe-se uma incredulidade generalizada em relação à atuação do Estado como garantidor de um próspero ambiente de negócios. Isso é atribuído, não somente ao desempenho dos atores políticos brasileiros como legisladores e administradores, mas a uma constante no imaginário popular de que o Estado é intrinsecamente ineficiente, independente da ideologia do governo vigente, ideia essa sustentada pela ascensão do neoliberalismo e suas máximas privatizantes e individualistas.
Statistics of low energy excitations for the directed polymer in a $1+d$ random medium ($d=1,2,3$)
Creators: name: Monthus, Cecile
name: Garel, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a directed polymer of length $L$ in a random medium of space dimension $d=1,2,3$. The statistics of low energy excitations as a function of their size $l$ is numerically evaluated. These excitations can be divided into bulk and boundary excitations, with respective densities $ρ^{bulk}_L(E=0,l)$ and $ρ^{boundary}_L(E=0,l)$. We find that both densities follow the scaling behavior $ρ^{bulk,boundary}_L(E=0,l) = L^{-1-θ_d} R^{bulk,boundary}(x=l/L)$, where $θ_d$ is the exponent governing the energy fluctuations at zero temperature (with the well-known exact value $θ_1=1/3$ in one dimension). In the limit $x=l/L \to 0$, both scaling functions $R^{bulk}(x)$ and $R^{boundary}(x)$ behave as $R^{bulk,boundary}(x) \sim x^{-1-θ_d}$, leading to the droplet power law $ρ^{bulk,boundary}_L(E=0,l)\sim l^{-1-θ_d} $ in the regime $1 \ll l \ll L$. Beyond their common singularity near $x \to 0$, the two scaling functions $R^{bulk,boundary}(x)$ are very different : whereas $R^{bulk}(x)$ decays monotonically for $0
description: 15 pages, 25 figures
Hardness of Approximation of Euclidean $k$-Median
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Anup
name: Goyal, Dishant
name: Jaiswal, Ragesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Euclidean $k$-median problem is defined in the following manner: given a set $\mathcal{X}$ of $n$ points in $\mathbb{R}^{d}$, and an integer $k$, find a set $C \subset \mathbb{R}^{d}$ of $k$ points (called centers) such that the cost function $Φ(C,\mathcal{X}) \equiv \sum_{x \in \mathcal{X}} \min_{c \in C} \|x-c\|_{2}$ is minimized. The Euclidean $k$-means problem is defined similarly by replacing the distance with squared distance in the cost function. Various hardness of approximation results are known for the Euclidean $k$-means problem. However, no hardness of approximation results were known for the Euclidean $k$-median problem. In this work, assuming the unique games conjecture (UGC), we provide the first hardness of approximation result for the Euclidean $k$-median problem. Furthermore, we study the hardness of approximation for the Euclidean $k$-means/$k$-median problems in the bi-criteria setting where an algorithm is allowed to choose more than $k$ centers. That is, bi-criteria approximation algorithms are allowed to output $βk$ centers (for constant $β>1$) and the approximation ratio is computed with respect to the optimal $k$-means/$k$-median cost. In this setting, we show the first hardness of approximation result for the Euclidean $k$-median problem for any $β< 1.015$, assuming UGC. We also show a similar bi-criteria hardness of approximation result for the Euclidean $k$-means problem with a stronger bound of $β< 1.28$, again assuming UGC.
Pair production of charged Higgs bosons in the Left-Right Twin Higgs model at the ILC and LHC
Creators: name: Liu, Yao-Bei
name: Han, Hong-Mei
name: Wang, Xue-Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Left-Right twin Higgs(LRTH) model predicts the existence of a pair of charged Higgs $ϕ^{\pm}$. In this paper, we study the production of the charged Higgs bosons pair $ϕ^{\pm}$ via the process $e^{+}e^{-}\to ϕ^{+}ϕ^{-}$ at the International Linear Collider(ILC). The numerical results show that the production rates are at the level of several tens fb, this process can produce the adequate distinct multi-jet final states and the SM background can be efficiently reduced. We also discuss the charged Higgs boson pair production via the process $q\bar{q}\to ϕ^{+}ϕ^{-}$ at the $CERN$ Large Hadron Collider(LHC) and estimate there production rates. We find that, as long as the charged Higgs bosons are not too heavy, they can be abundantly produced at the LHC. The possible signatures of these new particles might be detected at the ILC and LHC experiments.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, discussion extended, reference added, typos fixed, revised version to be published in Eur.Phys.J.C
Convergence and Efficiency of Different Methods to Compute the Diffraction Integral for Gravitational Lensing of Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: Guo, Xiao
name: Lu, Youjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wave optics may need to be considered when studying the lensed waveforms of gravitational waves (GWs). However, the computation of the diffraction integral (amplification factor) in wave optics is challenging and time-consuming. It is vital to develop an accurate and efficient method to calculate the amplification factor for detecting lensed GW systems. In this paper, we investigate the convergence of the diffraction integral for gravitational lensing of GWs and analyze the accuracy and efficiency of a number of numerical methods that can be used to calculate this integral, including the integral mean method, asymptotic expansion method, Levin's method, zero points integral method, etc. We further introduce a new method by combining the zero points integral and the asymptotic expansion methods to calculate the diffraction integral, which provides an efficient and accurate way to calculate the lensed waveform of GWs.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in PRD
Local integrals of motion and the quasiperiodic many-body localization transition
Creators: name: Singh, Hansveer
name: Ware, Brayden
name: Vasseur, Romain
name: Gopalakrishnan, Sarang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the many body localization (MBL) transition for interacting fermions subject to quasiperiodic potentials by constructing the local integrals of motion (LIOMs) in the MBL phase as time-averaged local operators. We study numerically how these time-averaged operators evolve across the MBL transition. We find that the norm of such time-averaged operators drops discontinuously to zero across the transition; as we discuss, this implies that LIOMs abruptly become unstable at some critical localization length of order unity. We analyze the LIOMs using hydrodynamic projections and isolating the part of the operator that is associated with interactions. Equipped with this data we perform a finite-size scaling analysis of the quasiperiodic MBL transition. Our results suggest that the quasiperiodic MBL transition occurs at considerably stronger quasiperiodic modulations, and has a larger correlation-length critical exponent, than previous studies had found.
description: 4.5 pages, 1 figure plus 11.5 pages supplemental material
Valutazione Partecipata dei Centri di Aggregazione e Socializzazione del Comune di Roma / Participatory Evaluation of  Municipality Centres to bring together and to promote children and young people  socialization in Rome
Creators: name: RISSOTTO, ANTONELLA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Communication
Participation
Multistakeholder
Quality
Evaluation
Methodology

description: The research report provides information concerning the processes activated and the tools realized to evaluate an innovative type of services for children and youngpeople: the Aggregation and Socialisation Centres. These are a typology of services that, in general, aim to promote the wellbeing of young citizens, but which include a wide range of specific objectives such as the inclusion of foreign minors or of children and youths with disabilities, with experience of the penal circuit, with mental disorders. Other factors contribute to the variability of the Centres such as the type of prevailing activities; the level of autonomy granted to users; the role attributed to parents; and the training of operators. To take account of this complexity, it was decided to evaluate the Centres by adopting a participatory approach. The process involved the technicians of the Fifth Department and the Municipalities of the Municipality of Rome, the operators of the Associations and the young people. The pathway implemented produced a modular quality indicator system capable of reporting both the activities common to all the Centres and those specific to each of them. The Report includes an account of the pathway, the quality indicator system and the user manual.

Il rapporto di ricerca mette a disposizione informazioni inerenti i processi attivati e i gli strumenti costruiti per la valutazione di una tipologia innovativa di servizi rivolti a bambini ed ai giovani: i Centri di aggregazione e socializzazione. Si tratta di una tipologia di servizi che, i generale, hanno lo scopo di promuovere il benessere dei giovani cittadini, ma che prevedono un'ampia gamma di obiettivi specifici come l'inclusione di minori stranieri o diversamente abili o con esperienza del circuito penale o con disturbi psichici. Contribuiscono alla variabilità dei Centri anche: il tipo di attività prevalenti; il livello di autonomia riconosciuto agli utenti; il ruolo attribuito ai genitori; la formazione degli operatori. Per tenere conto di questa complessità si è scelto di valutare i Centri adottando un approccio partecipato. Il percorso ha coinvolto i tecnici del V Dipartimento e dei Municipi del Comune di Roma, gli operatori delle Associazioni e le/i giovani. Il percorso realizzato ha prodotto un sistema di indicatori di qualità modulare in grado di rendere conto sia delle attività comuni a tutti i Centri, sia di quelle specifiche di ciascuno di loro. Il Report include resoconto del percorso, il sistema di indicatori di qualità e il manuale d'uso.
Impact of high-energy tails on granular gas properties
Creators: name: Poeschel, Thorsten
name: Brilliantov, Nikolai
name: Formella, Arno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The velocity distribution function of granular gases in the homogeneous cooling state as well as some heated granular gases decays for large velocities as $f\propto\exp(- {\rm const.} v)$. That is, its high-energy tail is overpopulated as compared with the Maxwell distribution. At the present time, there is no theory to describe the influence of the tail on the kinetic characteristics of granular gases. We develop an approach to quantify the overpopulated tail and analyze its impact on granular gas properties, in particular on the cooling coefficient. We observe and explain anomalously slow relaxation of the velocity distribution function to its steady state.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
The meaning and experience of intentional childlessness for married women
Creators: name: Michener, Sandra L. Currie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A qualitative phenomenological research design was used to explore the meaning and experience of intentional childlessness for heterosexual, married women. Six women between 38 and 44 years of age from Vancouver and the Lower Mainland volunteered to discuss their experiences of being childless by choice in individual, audio-taped, in-depth interviews with the researcher. Seven common themes were drawn from the participants' interview transcripts using Colaizzi's (1978) procedure for phenomenological data analysis. The results indicated that the women had a strong sense of independence and autonomy that they believed would be compromised by having children. The women sensed they needed to maintain control over their own lives and environments, especially controlling their fertility, their sense of order and certainty, and their home environments. Most of the women had experienced some uneasiness and discomfort when around children. Parenting was viewed as an overwhelming responsibility that they perceived included objectionable emotional investments, sacrifices, and risks. Primarily, the women stated they had no desire to have children; mothering was perceived as hindering careers and the pursuit of other meaningful endeavours. Sensing they were different than other women and especially most married women who "traditionally" are mothers, the participants had rarely directed "maternal" feelings toward children; they lacked both a desire for children and regret for not having them. Perceiving that many other people expected them to have children, the women experienced being called upon to justify their choice and had withstood criticism for choosing to remain childless. The participants perceived childbearing as optional for women and had exercised their right not to have children, presenting their choice as a morally responsible act. The women were constructing their paths through life by evolving a sense of self not identified with motherhood, but instead, a self characterized and defined by engagement in other personally fulfilling and meaningful relationships and pursuits.
$Υ$ radiative decays to light quark jets and color octet mechanism
Creators: name: Gao, Ying-Jia
name: Zhang, Yu-Jie
name: Chao, Kuang-Ta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study radiative decays of $Υ$ to light quark jets in nonrelativistic QCD by taking both the color singlet and color octet $b\bar b$ operators into consideration. The cut for quark jet energy and cut for the angle between two quark jets are introduced. The sensitivity to the soft and collinear singularities in the loop integrals are greatly reduced by these cuts. With the jet energy cut of about 1 GeV, and the jet angle cut of about $36^\circ$, the branching ratio for $Υ\toγq\bar q$ is found to be $8.2\times 10^{-4}$ from color singlet contributions. The color octet contributions could be much larger than that of color singlet, depending on the estimate of the color octet matrix elements. This process may provide a new test for the color octet mechanism in nonrelativistic QCD.
description: journal version; a few references added
Stellar Flares and Habitable(?) Worlds from the TESS Primary Mission
Creators: name: Günther, Maximilian N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Stellar Flares and Habitable(?) Worlds from the TESS Primary Mission On our search for habitable worlds, we have to account for explosive stellar flaring and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) impacting exoplanets’ surface (or cloud) habitability. These stellar outbursts are a double-edged sword. On the one hand, flares and CMEs are capable of stripping off atmospheres and extinguishing existing biology. On the other hand, flares might be the (only) means to deliver the trigger energy for prebiotic chemistry and initiate life. In this talk, I will highlight our TESS study of all stellar flares from Years 1 & 2 of the mission, driven by the "stella" convolutional neural network. Where manual vetting would have taken a lifetime, and conventional outlier detection would have missed the smallest flares, state-of-the-art machine learning approaches allow us a fast, efficient, and probabilistic characterization of flares. I will also discuss flaring as a function of stellar type, age, rotation, spot coverage, and other factors. Finally, I will link our findings to prebiotic chemistry and ozone sterilization, identifying which worlds might lie just in the right regime between too much and too little flaring. With the TESS extended mission and increased cadences (20s, 2min and 10min), stellar flare studies and new exoplanet discoveries will ultimately aid in defining criteria for exoplanet habitability.
A Topological Method for Comparing Document Semantics
Creators: name: Kong, Yuqi
name: Meng, Fanchao
name: Carterette, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Comparing document semantics is one of the toughest tasks in both Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval. To date, on one hand, the tools for this task are still rare. On the other hand, most relevant methods are devised from the statistic or the vector space model perspectives but nearly none from a topological perspective. In this paper, we hope to make a different sound. A novel algorithm based on topological persistence for comparing semantics similarity between two documents is proposed. Our experiments are conducted on a document dataset with human judges' results. A collection of state-of-the-art methods are selected for comparison. The experimental results show that our algorithm can produce highly human-consistent results, and also beats most state-of-the-art methods though ties with NLTK.
description: 9 pages, 3 tables, 9th International Conference on Natural Language Processing (NLP 2020)
Non-EPR pairs quantum channel for teleporting an arbitrary two-qubit state
Creators: name: Zha, Xin-Wei
name: Song, Hai-Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Yeo and Chua [Phys. have given an explicit protocol for faithfully teleporting an arbitrary two-qubit state via a genuine four-qubit entangled state, which is not reducible to a pair of Bell states. Here, we present a transformation operator to give the criterion of for faithfully teleporting arbitrary two-qubit states. The theoretical explanations of some quantum channels are given by transformation operators. Furthermore, a new four-qubit entangled state quantum channel is presented.
X-ray Spectra and Multiwavelength Machine Learning Classification for Likely Counterparts to Fermi 3FGL Unassociated Sources
Creators: name: Kerby, Stephen
name: Kaur, Amanpreet
name: Falcone, Abraham D.
name: Stroh, Michael C.
name: Ferrara, Elizabeth C.
name: Kennea, Jamie A.
name: Colosimo, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conduct X-ray spectral fits on 184 likely counterparts to Fermi-LAT 3FGL unassociated sources. Characterization and classification of these sources allows for more complete population studies of the high-energy sky. Most of these X-ray spectra are well fit by an absorbed power law model, as expected for a population dominated by blazars and pulsars. A small subset of 7 X-ray sources have spectra unlike the power law expected from a blazar or pulsar and may be linked to coincident stars or background emission. We develop a multiwavelength machine learning classifier to categorize unassociated sources into pulsars and blazars using gamma- and X-ray observations. Training a random forest procedure with known pulsars and blazars, we achieve a cross-validated classification accuracy of 98.6%. Applying the random forest routine to the unassociated sources returned 126 likely blazar candidates (defined as $ P_{bzr} > 90 \% $) and 5 likely pulsar candidates ($ P_{bzr} < 10 \% $). Our new X-ray spectral analysis does not drastically alter the random forest classifications of these sources compared to previous works, but it builds a more robust classification scheme and highlights the importance of X-ray spectral fitting. Our procedure can be further expanded with UV, visual, or radio spectral parameters or by measuring flux variability.
description: 11 pages text, 4 figures, 4 tables (2 in-text, 2 in 11-page appendix), accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
Multiple Changes of Order of the Vortex Melting Transition in BSCCO with Dilute Columnar Defects
Creators: name: Verdene, Tal
name: Beidenkopf, Haim
name: Myasoedov, Yuri
name: Shtrikman, Hadas
name: Rappaport, Michael
name: Zeldov, Eli
name: Tamegai, Tsuyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A low concentration of columnar defects is reported to transform a first-order vortex lattice melting line in BSCCO crystals into alternating segments of first-order and second-order transitions separated by two critical points. As the density of CDs is increased, the critical points shift apart and the range of the intermediate second-order transition expands. A third, low temperature critical point was also observed in one sample. The measurement of equilibrium magnetization and the mapping of the melting line down to 27K was made possible by employment of the shaking technique.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures