cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MicroRNAs and the cellular response to rapamycin: Potential role in diagnosis and therapy
Creators: name: Totary-Jain, Hana
name: Marks, Andrew R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Cytology
Biophysics
Medicine

description: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a major regulator of cell
growth, motility and angiogenesis that is often deregulated in malignancies. mTOR inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and mantle cell lymphoma. Currently, second generation mTOR inhibitors are under clinical evaluation. Major challenges remain in the identification of patients who will respond to mTOR inhibitors and the development of therapeutics that can overcome intrinsic resistance or acquired resistance. There are currently no biomarkers that predict tumor response to mTOR inhibitors.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. MiRNAs participate in many biological processes including proliferation and apoptosis. miRNAs are often deregulated in cancer and act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes.2 Recently miRNAs emerged as diagnostic and prognostic markers to assess therapeutic responses giving rise to the field of miRNA pharmacogenomics.3 Numerous studies indicate that mTOR and its signaling pathway is regulated by miRNAs. However, little is known as to whether miRNAs play a role in the intrinsic tumor resistance or the development of acquired resistance to mTOR inhibitors.
In our recent studies we used rapamycin resistant (RR1) variants of the murine brain tumor cell line BC3H1, developed by chronic rapamycin treatment.
title: Combining Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS v2. ) Score and Patients’ Parameters in the Prediction of a Positive Prostate Biopsy Outcome.
Creators: name: Verhalleman, Quinten
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Retrospective
subject: Cancer
subject: Biopsy
subject: MR
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Genital / Reproductive system male
subject: Genitourinary

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has an increasing role in diagnosing prostate cancer. 1 Improvingtheprediction of mpMRI for prostate cancer can help in decision making in patients suspicious ofmalignancy. Especially unnecessary...
An event-related potential examination of contour integration deficits in schizophrenia
Creators: name: Butler, Pamela D.
name: Abeles, Ilana Y.
name: Silverstein, Steven M.
name: Dias, Elisa C.
name: Weiskopf, Nicole Gray
name: Calderone, Daniel J.
name: Sehatpour, Pejman
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Psychobiology

description: Perceptual organization, which refers to the ability to integrate fragments of stimuli to form a representation of a whole edge, part, or object, is impaired in schizophrenia. A contour integration paradigm, involving detection of a set of Gabor patches forming an oval contour pointing to the right or left embedded in a field of randomly oriented Gabors, has been developed for use in clinical trials of schizophrenia. The purpose of the present study was to assess contributions of early and later stages of processing to deficits in contour integration, as well as to develop an event-related potential (ERP) analog of this task. Twenty-one patients with schizophrenia and 28 controls participated. The Gabor elements forming the contours were given a low or high degree of orientational jitter, making it either easy or difficult to identify the direction in which the contour was pointing. ERP results showed greater negative peaks at ~165 (N1 component) and ~270 ms for the low-jitter versus the high-jitter contours, with a much greater difference between jitter conditions at 270 ms. This later ERP component was previously termed Ncl for closure negativity. Source localization identified the Ncl in the lateral occipital object recognition area. Patients showed a significant decrease in the Ncl, but not N1, compared to controls, and this was associated with impaired behavioral ability to identify contours. In addition, an earlier negative peak was found at ~120 ms (termed N120) that differentiated jitter conditions, had a dorsal stream source, and differed between patients and controls. Patients also showed a deficit in the dorsal stream sensory P1 component. These results are in accord with impairments in distributed circuitry contributing to perceptual organization deficits and provide an ERP analog to the behavioral contour integration task.
Fluctuations and Higher Moments of Conserved Charges from the Lattice
Creators: name: Hegde, Prasad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results for the lowest-order non-vanishing quark number susceptibilities. These were calculated using an improved action viz. the HISQ action, which controls taste violations that are responsible for distorting the light meson spectrum. Our calculations, with a pion mass of 160 MeV, are also much closer to the physical limit than previous studies. We find a broad crossover from the hadronic to the quark regimes, although interactions remain significant even at the highest temperatures studied. Our results are also in good agreement with Hadron Resonance Gas models below the crossover temperature.
description: 3 pages, 5 figures. Talk given at the 19th Particles & Nuclei International Conference (PANIC 2011), held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, from July 24-30, 2011
MPEC 2023-X81 : 2022 DZ29
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2022 DZ29

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
title: Breast MRI in Motiva® implants with Q Inside Safety Technology™: patient safety, and imaging features in breast reconstruction.
Creators: name: Ananias, MARIANA
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Prospective
subject: Prostheses
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Artifacts
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Breast

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Introduced in 2011, the Motiva SmoothSilk® is the first generation of breast implants incorporating a surface topography engineered using a 3D inverted imprinting technology to create a surface with very low roughness to avoid tissue ingrowth and...
Virtual-bike emulation in a series-parallel human-powered electric bike
Creators: name: Radrizzani, Stefano
name: Panzani, Giulio
name: Savaresi, Sergio M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Combining the advantages of standard bicycles and electrified vehicles, electric bikes (e-Bikes) are promising vehicles to reduce emission and traffic. The current literature on e-Bikes ranges from works on the energy management to the vehicle control to properly govern the human-vehicle interaction. This last point is fundamental in chain-less series bikes, where the link between the human and the vehicle behavior is only given by a control law. In this work, we address this problem in a series-parallel bike. In particular, we provide an extension of the virtual-chain concept, born for series bikes, and then we improve it developing a virtual-bike framework. Experimental results are used to validate the effectiveness of the solutions, when the cyclist is actually riding the bike.
description: Accepted for publication at the IFAC World Congress 2023
N=1/2 Global SUSY: R-Matrix Approach
Creators: name: Gonera, C.
name: Wodzislawski, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: R-matrix method is used to construct supersymmetric extensions of theta - Euclidean group preserving N = 1/2 supersymmetry and its three- parameter generalization. These quantum symmetry supergroups can be considered as global counterparts of appropriately twisted Euclidean superalgebras. The corresponding generalized global symmetry transformations act on deformed superspaces as the usual ones do on undeformed spaces. However, they depend on non(anti)commuting parameters satisfying (anti)commutation relations defined by relevant R matrix.
description: 30 pages, a number of typos corrected; two references added
Corrosion of lead anodes in metallic electrowinning environments
Creators: name: Tunnicliffe, Matthew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The corrosion of anodes in electrowinning is costly because of their relatively short lifespan, material cost, and their impact on cathodic deposit quality. The objective of this thesis was to understand the corrosion behavior of Pb anodes in electrolyte simulating Zn and Ni electrowinning conditions. Pb-based alloys have been used because they are cheap, conductive and stable at high potential and low pH. Experiments in this thesis included open circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic, and potentiostatic polarizations. The parameters studied include; icorr, Ecorr, slope of the oxygen evolution region and O₂ potential. For Zn electrowinning, variables changes included modifying H₂SO₄, Mn²⁺, Cl⁻, Zn²⁺ concentrations and increasing temperature. The best corrosion resistance in Zn electrowinning was achieved by increasing H₂SO₄ concentration, using 15 g/L Mn²⁺, 0 g/L Cl⁻, and increasing both Zn²⁺ temperature. Corrosion products were studied using SEM and EDX and the relationship between surface morphology of the working electrode and operating potential. Deaerating the cell reduced the dissolved oxygen in the cell and generally increased icorr, oxygen evolution region slope and OER overpotential. For Ni electrowinning applications, three materials were used as cast PbAg, rolled PbAg, and as cast PbCaSn. The effects of H₂SO₄ and Cl- on corrosion behavior were studied using both potentiodynamic and galvanostatic polarizations. Corrosion rates were determined by measuring the length of the discharge peak after 24 hours galvanostatic polarization and SEM and XRD were used to determine the surface morphology and phase composition of the anodes.
van der Waals energy and pressure in dissipative media: Fluctuational electrodynamics and mode summation
Creators: name: Narayanaswamy, Arvind
name: Zheng, Yi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mechanical engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: Microphysics

description: We derive the van der Waals energy and pressure in a planar multilayer system with arbitrary number of dissipative films between two half-spaces. A unique feature of this work is that the entire analysis is performed on the real frequency axis instead of summation over Matsubara frequencies on the imaginary frequency axis. The expression we obtain for van der Waals energy is a generalization of van Kampen and Schram's result for dissipationless media. By considering a specific case of a vacuum gap between multilayer objects with dissipative films, we show that the van der Waals energy due to the vacuum gap can not be interpreted simply as a sum of free energy of normal modes.
title: Different methods of scar quantification in myocardial ischemia: technical aspects and clinical applications
Creators: name: Pellegrino, Fabio
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cardiac
subject: Cardiac
subject: Echocardiography
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Retrospective
subject: Observational
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Left ventricular (LV) dilatation and dysfunction following acute myocardial infarction have important impacts on long-term outcomes with increased patient morbidity and mortality[1,2]. In this regard, several previous studies have proved that among...
Thyreus delumbatus
Creators: name: Madl, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Thyreus
Thyreus delumbatus

description: Thyreus delumbatus (VACHAL, 1904)
Thyreus delumbatus (VACHAL, 1903): EARDLEY 1991a: 4 (key), 20 (tax., descr. ♂ ♀, figs 53-58, Obock), 22 (fig. 65: map).
Thyreus delumbatus (VACHAL, 1903): EARDLEY & URBAN 2010: 464 (cat. Afr. reg.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Obock.
Thyreus delumbatus is also known from Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
description: Published as part of Madl, Michael, 2018, A preliminary catalogue of the Hymenoptera (Insecta) of the Republic of Djibouti, pp. 907-967 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 933, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3776452
Quantum electron self-interaction in a strong laser field
Creators: name: Meuren, S.
name: Di Piazza, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum state of an electron in a strong laser field is altered if the interaction of the electron with its own electromagnetic field is taken into account. Starting from the Schwinger-Dirac equation, we determine the states of an electron in a plane-wave field with inclusion, at leading order, of its electromagnetic self-interaction. On the one hand, the electron states show a pure "quantum" contribution to the electron quasi-momentum, conceptually different from the conventional "classical" one arising from the quiver motion of the electron. On the other hand, the electron self-interaction induces a distinct dynamics of the electron spin, whose effects are shown to be measurable in principle with available technology.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
The Broad Scope of Health Effects from Chronic Arsenic Exposure: Update on a Worldwide Public Health Problem
Creators: name: Naujokas, Marisa F.
name: Anderson, Beth
name: Ahsan, Habibul
name: Aposhian, H. Vasken
name: Graziano, Joseph
name: Thompson, Claudia
name: Suk, William A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Environmental health
Public health
Arsenic--Physiological effect
Arsenic--Health aspects

description: Background: Concerns for arsenic exposure are not limited to toxic waste sites and massive poisoning events. Chronic exposure continues to be a major public health problem worldwide, affecting hundreds of millions of persons.
Objectives: We reviewed recent information on worldwide concerns for arsenic exposures and public health to heighten awareness of the current scope of arsenic exposure and health outcomes and the importance of reducing exposure, particularly during pregnancy and early life.
Methods: We synthesized the large body of current research pertaining to arsenic exposure and health outcomes with an emphasis on recent publications.
Discussion: Locations of high arsenic exposure via drinking water span from Bangladesh, Chile, and Taiwan to the United States. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level (MCL) in drinking water is 10 µg/L; however, concentrations of greater than 3,000 µg/L have been found in wells in the United States. In addition, exposure through diet is of growing concern. Knowledge of the scope of arsenic-associated health effects has broadened; arsenic leaves essentially no bodily system untouched. Arsenic is a known carcinogen associated with skin, lung, bladder, kidney, and liver cancer. Dermatological, developmental, neurological, respiratory, cardiovascular, immunological, and endocrine effects are also evident. Most remarkably, early-life exposure may be related to increased risks for several types of cancer and other diseases during adulthood.
Conclusions: These data call for heightened awareness of arsenic-related pathologies in broader contexts than previously perceived. Testing foods and drinking water for arsenic, including individual private wells, should be a top priority to reduce exposure, particularly for pregnant women and children, given the potential for life-long effects of developmental exposure.
Characterization of exoplanets from their formation II: The planetary mass-radius relationship
Creators: name: Mordasini, C.
name: Alibert, Y.
name: Georgy, C.
name: Dittkrist, K. -M.
name: Klahr, H.
name: Henning, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The research of exoplanets has entered an era in which we characterize extrasolar planets. This has become possible with measurements of radii and luminosities. Meanwhile, radial velocity surveys discover also very low-mass planets. Uniting all this observational data into one coherent picture to better understand planet formation is an important, but difficult undertaking. Our approach is to develop a model which can make testable predictions for all these observational methods. We continue to describe how we have extended our formation model into a self-consistently coupled formation and evolution model. We show how we calculate the internal structure of the solid core and radiogenic heating. We also improve the protoplanetary disk model. Finally, we conduct population synthesis calculations. We present how the planetary mass-radius relationship of planets with primordial H/He envelopes forms and evolves in time. The basic shape of the M-R relation can be understood from the core accretion model. Low-mass planets cannot bind massive envelopes, while super-critical cores necessarily trigger runway gas accretion, leading to "forbidden" zones in the M-R plane. For a given mass, there is a considerable diversity of radii. We compare the synthetic M-R relation with the observed one, finding good agreement for a>0.1 AU. The synthetic radius distribution is characterized by a strong increase towards small R, and a second, lower local maximum at ~1 Jovian radius. The increase towards small radii reflects the increase of the mass function towards low M. The second local maximum is due to the fact that radii are nearly independent of mass for giant planets. A comparison of the synthetic radius distribution with Kepler data shows agreement for R>2 Earth radii, but divergence for smaller radii. We predict that in the next few years, Kepler should find the second, local maximum at ~1 Jovian radius.
description: Accepted to A&A. Minor revisions only relative to v1
Gravitational signatures of a non--commutative stable black hole
Creators: name: Heidari, N.
name: Hassanabadi, H.
name: Filho, A. A. Araújo
name: Kriz, J.
name: Zare, S.
name: Porfírio, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work investigates several key aspects of a non--commutative theory with mass deformation. We calculate thermodynamic properties of the system and compare our results with recent literature. We examine the \textit{quasinormal} modes of massless scalar perturbations using two approaches: the WKB approximation and the Pöschl--Teller fitting method. Our results indicate that stronger non--commutative parameters lead to slower damping oscillations of gravitational waves and higher partial absorption cross sections. Furthermore, we study the geodesics of massless and massive particles, highlighting that the non--commutative parameter $Θ$ significantly impacts the paths of light and event horizons. Also, we calculate the shadows, which show that larger values of $Θ$ correspond to larger shadow radii, and provide some constraints on $Θ$ applying the observation of Sgr $A^{*}$ from the Event Horizon Telescope. Finally, we explore the deflection angle in this context.
description: 38 pages, 11 figures and 6 tables
title: Use of contrast-enhanced MRI for detection of early SI joint inflammation.
Creators: name: Rosati, Elisa
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal
subject: Bones
subject: MR
subject: Education
subject: Inflammation
subject: Prospective
subject: Observational
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic value between Turbo Spin Echo T1 weighted fat sat sequences after administration of gadolinium-based contrast medium (T1/Gd) and Turbo Spin Echo T2 weighted fat sat images in the detection of early...
Automorphisms of the Supersingular Isogeny Graph
Creators: name: Mayo, Sam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H52, 14G50

description: We provide a condition for which the supersingular $l$-isogeny graph in characteristic $p$ has only one nontrivial automorphism, given by the action of Frobenius. For a fixed $p$, our condition is known to hold for a density 1 set of primes $l$.
CESIUM LEAD BROMIDE QUANTUM DOT SUPERLATTICES: QUANTIFYING STRUCTURAL HETEROGENEITY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON EXCITON DELOCALIZATION
Creators: name: Clark, Daniel E
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Colloid and surface chemistry

description: Colloidal cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as an exciting class of quantum emitters due to their near-unity quantum yields, large oscillator strengths, and long coherence time. Ordered superlattices (SLs) grown from these QDs exhibit emergent properties resulting from their assembly. In this work, we explore the self-assembly, disorder, and superradiant properties of 3D superlattices of CsPbBr3 to understand how structural heterogeneity influences optical properties. A thorough understanding of the competition between coherence and dephasing from phonon scattering and energetic disorder is currently lacking in the literature. Here, we present an investigation of exciton coherence in perovskite QD solids using temperature-dependent photoluminescence linewidth and lifetime measurements. The properties of perovskite QDS described above should also enable them to overcome hurdles experienced by other materials that limit solid-state superradiance, such as fast dephasing processes from inherent disorder and thermal fluctuations. Our results demonstrate that excitons can coherently delocalize in highly ordered CsPbBr3 superlattices leading to superradiant emission. We observe loss of coherence and exciton localization to a single QD at higher temperatures, resulting from scattering by optical phonons. At low temperatures, static disorder and defects limit exciton coherence, and a wide range of coherence numbers are observed across a self-assembled sample of SLs. These results highlight the promise and challenge in achieving long-range coherence in perovskite QD solids. A thorough understanding of structural heterogeneity in CsPbBr3 quantum dot superlattices is necessary for the realization of robust exciton coherence in these systems. 3D SLs self-assemble from a colloidal solution of cubic QDs as the solvent evaporates, leading to SLs ranging widely in macroscopic size, shape, and aspect ratio. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) coupled to fast-Fourier transform (FFT) analysis is utilized to characterize the structural properties of individual SLs, such as the average constituent quantum dot size, size dispersity, and number of crystalline domains. Analysis reveals that SLs are structurally heterogeneous but tend to have a narrower size distribution than the precursor solution due to size selection that occurs during evaporative self-assembly. We directly correlate STEM-FFT structural properties to low-temperature photoluminescence spectra for individual SLs, demonstrating that substructure in the photoluminescence peak arises from multiple, locally-ordered domains within the SL. In addition, we show that long-range structural disorder in a SL does not necessarily impact short-range phenomena such as exciton delocalization.
International Trade and Economic Expansion
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1958
Subjects: Economics

description: The recent literature on the effects of economic expansion on international trade has been concerned with two principal problems, the impact of the expansion on the terms of trade and the resultant change in the welfare of the trading nations. To simplify the analysis, economic expansion, defined as the country’s capacity to produce extra output at constant relative commodity prices. The analytical technique outlined is perfectly general and can be utilized for determining the output elasticities of supply under other types of expansion as well, such as neutral technical progress in an activity. It would thus be feasible to undertake an interesting taxonomic exercise to consider different varieties of expansion and investigate the output elasticities of supply and demand implied and to relate them with different values for the substitution elasticities to discover the full impact on the terms of trade of expansion under different circumstances. This represents, therefore, the change in the domestic production of importables directly as a result of expansion, at constant terms of trade.
Exploiting high-contrast Stokes preconditioners to efficiently solve incompressible fluid-structure interaction problems
Creators: name: Wichrowski, Michał
name: Krzyżanowski, Piotr
name: Heltai, Luca
name: Stupkiewicz, Stanisław
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work, we develop a new algorithm to solve large-scale incompressible time-dependent fluid--structure interaction (FSI) problems using a matrix-free finite element method in arbitrary Lagrangian--Eulerian (ALE) frame of reference. We derive a semi-implicit time integration scheme which improves the geometry-convective explicit (GCE) scheme for problems involving the interaction between incompressible hyperelastic solids and incompressible fluids. The proposed algorithm relies on the reformulation of the time-discrete problem as a generalized Stokes problem with strongly variable coefficients, for which optimal preconditioners have recently been developed. The resulting algorithm is scalable, optimal, and robust: we test our implementation on model problems that mimic classical Turek benchmarks in two and three dimensions, and investigate timing and scalability results.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures, 9 tables
Anisotropic Magnetoresistance Effects in Fe, Co, Ni, Fe_4N, and Half-Metallic Ferromagnet: A Systematic Analysis
Creators: name: Kokado, Satoshi
name: Tsunoda, Masakiyo
name: Harigaya, Kikuo
name: Sakuma, Akimasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically analyze the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) effects of bcc Fe (+), fcc Co (+), fcc Ni (+), Fe$_4$N (-), and a half-metallic ferromagnet (-). The sign in each ( ) represents the sign of the AMR ratio observed experimentally. We here use the two-current model for a system consisting of a spin-polarized conduction state and localized d states with spin--orbit interaction. From the model, we first derive a general expression of the AMR ratio. The expression consists of a resistivity of the conduction state of the $σ$ spin ($σ=\uparrow$ or $\downarrow$), $ρ_{s σ}$, and resistivities due to s--d scattering processes from the conduction state to the localized d states. On the basis of this expression, we next find a relation between the sign of the AMR ratio and the s--d scattering process. In addition, we obtain expressions of the AMR ratios appropriate to the respective materials. Using the expressions, we evaluate their AMR ratios, where the expressions take into account the values of $ρ_{s \downarrow}/ρ_{s \uparrow}$ of the respective materials. The evaluated AMR ratios correspond well to the experimental results.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn, minor mistakes corrected, final version
Reduction of tropical land region precipitation variability via transpiration
Creators: name: Lee, Jung-Eun
name: Lintner, Benjamin R.
name: Neelin, J. David
name: Jiang, Xianan
name: Gentine, Pierre
name: Boyce, C. Kevin
name: Fisher, Joshua B.
name: Perron, J. Taylor
name: Kubar, Terence L.
name: Lee, Jeonghoon
name: Worden, John
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Meteorology
Environmental sciences
Atmosphere

description: Tropical rainforests are known to exhibit low intraseasonal precipitation variability compared with oceanic areas with similar mean precipitation in observations and models. In the present study, the potential role of transpiration for this difference in precipitation variability is investigated using the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) atmospheric general circulation model. Comparing model results with and without transpiration shows that in the absence of transpiration, mean precipitation decreases as may be expected. However the incidence of both higher daily total column water and more intense precipitation increases without transpiration; consequently the variability of precipitation increases substantially. These results can be understood in terms of the complex interplay of local near-surface and remote moist dynamical processes with both local positive (boundary-layer drying) and large-scale negative (increased large-scale convergence) feedbacks when transpiration is disabled in the model. It is also shown that surface turbulent fluxes over tropical rainforests are highly correlated with incoming solar energy but only weakly correlated with wind speed, possibly decoupling land precipitation from large-scale disturbances like the Madden-Julian Oscillation.
title: Dural based lesion- a pictorial review and approach to differential diagnosis on imaging.
Creators: name: Raghavan, Bagyam
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuro
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Education
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Prospective
subject: Observational
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Meningioma is by far the most common dural based lesion encountered in neuroimaging,however there are multiple neoplastic and non-neoplastic entities that clinically and radiographically mimic meningiomas. This pictorial review considers some of the...
The Effects of Coal Ash Storage Facilities on Aquatic Biota
Creators: name: Edmonds, Shannon Michelle
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental science
subject: Coal Ash
subject: Major Ion Toxicity

description: Dry storage of coal combustion wastes (CCW) can negatively impact the surrounding environment. CCW leachates are characterized by low pH and high conductivity and are often enriched with metals and metalloids that threaten nearby ecosystems. In the present study, a quarterly series of whole effluent toxicity (WET) tests were completed on facility-treated discharge samples from three Maryland CCW disposal facilities. Priority metals and major ions were measured over time and concurrently with bioassays. Chronic toxicity was identified at all three locations at varying frequencies. The wastewaters were consistently high in total dissolved solids (TDS) with high conductivities, evidence that major ion toxicity could be contributing to the effects. Traditional Phase I Toxicity Identification Evaluation methods do not address these issues. Therefore, the present study evaluated the toxicity associated with major ion imbalances using mock effluents and a weight-of-evidence approach in order to identify the primary causative ions.
Neural Correlates of People's Hypercorrection of Their False Beliefs
Creators: name: Metcalfe, Janet A.
name: Butterfield, Brady
name: Habeck, Christian G.
name: Stern, Yaakov
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cognitive psychology
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Despite the intuition that strongly held beliefs are particularly difficult to change, the data on error correction indicate that general information errors that people commit with a high degree of belief are especially easy to correct. This finding is called the hypercorrection effect. The hypothesis was tested that the reason for hypercorrection stems from enhanced attention and encoding that results from a metacognitive mismatch between the person's confidence in their responses and the true answer. This experiment, which is the first to use imaging to investigate the hypercorrection effect, provided support for this hypothesis, showing that both metacognitive mismatch conditions—that in which high confidence accompanies a wrong answer and that in which low confidence accompanies a correct answer—revealed anterior cingulate and medial frontal gyrus activations. Only in the high confidence error condition, however, was an error that conflicted with the true answer mentally present. And only the high confidence error condition yielded activations in the right TPJ and the right dorsolateral pFC. These activations suggested that, during the correction process after error commission, people (1) were entertaining both the false belief as well as the true belief (as in theory of mind tasks, which also manifest the right TPJ activation) and (2) may have been suppressing the unwanted, incorrect information that they had, themselves, produced (as in think/no-think tasks, which also manifest dorsolateral pFC activation). These error-specific processes as well as enhanced attention because of metacognitive mismatch appear to be implicated.
Directly Unproductive, Profit-seeking (DUP) Activities
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1982
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper proposes directly unproductive, profit-seeking (DUP) activities as a general concept that embraces a wide range of recently analyzed economic activities, including the subset of rent-seeking activities considered by Krueger. It then proceeds to provide a synthesis and generalization of the welfare-theoretic analysis of such activities by developing a fourfold categorization of cases depending on the levels of distortions before and after the DUP activity. Thus a unification and overview of the subject are achieved. In this paper, I begin in Section I by briefly discussing the common, unifying essence of the phenomena so analyzed and then arguing why they are best described as directly unproductive, profit-seeking (DUP) activities. Next, I proceed in Section II to differentiate analytically among different types of such activities, with a view of classifying them into categories which are analytically meaningful from the view-point of their welfare impact. Existing analyses of specific problems, such as tariff seeking and revenue seeking, are then readily identified in Section III as belonging to one such category or another, and the welfare consequences demonstrated in these analyses are then shown to be only specific illustrations of a wider class of DUP activities with identical welfare consequences.
title: Predicting malignancy of breast lesions seen in CT using Textural Analysis and Machine Learning
Creators: name: Alkubeyyer, Metab
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Breast
subject: CT
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Cancer
subject: Retrospective
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality (1)(2) . With the widespread use of CT in the current years for various indications, It is important for general radiologists to...
Proposal of a free-space-to-chip pipeline for transporting single atoms
Creators: name: Liu, Aiping
name: Liu, Jiawei
name: Kang, Zhanfei
name: Chen, Guang-Jie
name: Xu, Xin-Biao
name: Ren, Xifeng
name: Guo, Guang-Can
name: Wang, Qin
name: Zou, Chang-Ling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A free-space-to-chip pipeline is proposed to efficiently transport single atoms from a magneto-optical trap to an on-chip evanescent field trap. Due to the reflection of the dipole laser on the chip surface, the conventional conveyor belt approach can only transport atoms close to the chip surface but with a distance of about one wavelength, which prevents efficient interaction between the atom and the on-chip waveguide devices. Here, based on a two-layer photonic chip architecture, a diffraction beam of the integrated grating with an incident angle of the Brewster angle is utilized to realize free-space-to-chip atom pipeline. Numerical simulation verified that the reflection of the dipole laser is suppressed and that the atoms can be brought to the chip surface with a distance of only 100nm. Therefore, the pipeline allows a smooth transport of atoms from free space to the evanescent field trap of waveguides and promises a reliable atom source for a hybrid photonic-atom chip.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma: Cytologic features in a retrospective series of urine specimens
Creators: name: Heymann, Jonas
name: Saqi, Anjali
name: Turk, Andrew Thomas
name: Crapanzano, John P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Medicine
Oncology
Pathology

description: Background : The micropapillary variant of urothelial carcinoma (uPC) is a rare variant of urothelial carcinoma that carries a poor prognosis. Definitive surgery may represent optimal management of low stage tumors. Urine cytology is indispensable in the screening and follow-up of urinary tract cancer. However, cytopathological criteria for diagnosis of uPC and its differentiation from conventional urothelial carcinoma (CUC) are not well-defined. Materials and Methods : Twenty-five cases of histologically confirmed micropapillary uPC from 21 patients were compared to 25 cases of histologically confirmed high-grade CUC. Results : In uPC cases, cell clusters were identified in 13 of 25 specimens from 10 patients. Six of the 13 specimens containing cell clusters corresponded to surgical pathology specimens in which micropapillary carcinoma accounted for at least 50% of total carcinoma. In contrast, only 1 of the 12 urine specimens devoid of cell clusters corresponded to surgical specimens in which micropapillary carcinoma accounted for at least 50% of total carcinoma. Cytomorphologic features of urinary specimens from patients with histologically confirmed micropapillary carcinoma were generally similar to those from patients with high-grade CUC, making it difficult to distinguish these entities in exfoliative urine specimens. Conclusions and Summary : Further investigation of the core cytopathological characteristics of uPC is warranted to refine its diagnostic criteria by exfoliative urine cytology.
title: Monitoring Crohn's disease with Magnetic resonance index of activity (MaRIA) and Clermont score: correlation with SES-CD and fecal calprotectin
Creators: name: Carpagnano, Francesca
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: MR-Enterography
subject: Small bowel
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Abdomen
subject: GI Tract
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: Image verification
subject: Inflammation
subject: Prospective
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: In recent years the use of MRI in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) has increased. However, few data are available on how MRI parameters of active disease change during treatment with anti –TNF and whether these changes correspond to symptoms,...
Biomimetic polymer based composites with 1-D titania fillers for dental applications
Creators: name: Mallu, Rashmi Reddy
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science
subject: Engineering
subject: Composites
subject: Dentistry
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mechanical properties
subject: One dimensional
subject: Synthesis
subject: Titanium dioxide

description: The aim of this study was to develop acrylic matrix composites reinforced with one-dimensional (1-D) titanium dioxide (TiO2) micro and nano fillers that mimic the structure of enamel. To accomplish this, 1-D TiO2 was synthesized without surfactants or templates using a sol-gel assisted hydrothermal process. Two different approaches were investigated. One used titanium metal powder and yielded TiO2 rutile microrods. The other used titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) and created TiO2 anatase nanorods. TiO2 morphology (size, aspect ratio and state of agglomeration) was affected by glycolic acid concentration and phosphate ion concentration for the titanium metal-based powders, and NaOH concentration for TTIP based powders. Composites were made with silanized TiO2 micro- and nano-rods in a 50:50 BisGMA:TEGDMA matrix. Organized composites made by injection molding or centrifuging and settling had more uniform mechanical properties (hardness, strength, Young’s modulus and toughness) than unorganized composites. Curing the composites under pressure reduced porosity enhancing mechanical behavior.
Electro-elastic tuning of single particles in individual self-assembled quantum dots
Creators: name: Kuklewicz, Chris E.
name: Malein, Ralph N. E.
name: Petroff, Pierre M.
name: Gerardot, Brian D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of uniaxial stress on InGaAs quantum dots in a charge tunable device. Using Coulomb blockade and photoluminescence, we observe that significant tuning of single particle energies (~ -0.5 meV/MPa) leads to variable tuning of exciton energies (+18 to -0.9 micro-eV/MPa) under tensile stress. Modest tuning of the permanent dipole, Coulomb interaction and fine-structure splitting energies is also measured. We exploit the variable exciton response to tune multiple quantum dots on the same chip into resonance.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Final version
title: A study of the wear patterns in ACL deficient osteoarthritic knees
Creators: name: Waldron, John
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Cross-sectional study
subject: Retrospective
subject: Arthritides
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Musculoskeletal

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common symptomatic joint disease worldwide, with medial compartment OA the most common subtype of this disease. Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty (UKA) is a treatment option traditionally requiring an intact...
title: A review of the 2004 water year in Colorado
title: Hydrology days 2005
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: AGU hydrology days 2005
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Doesken, Nolan J.
name: Gillespie, Michael A.
name: Colorado State University, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2005

description: 2005 annual AGU hydrology days was held at Colorado State University on March 7 - March 9, 2005.
description: Drought concerns prevailed throughout the 2004 water year, as streamflow and soil moisture still lagged behind average following the extreme drought of 2002. The winter months were drier than average over much of Colorado, especially over the northern and central mountains and eastern plains. March 2004 was particularly warm and dry. Fortunately, April precipitation was much above average in some of the areas of Colorado that needed it most. The summer months were unusually cool and damp east of the mountains. War and very dry conditions prevailed in western Colorado until a series of storms in September brought generous moisture to the mountains and western valleys. Overall, 2004 water year precipitation totals were near average for the state as a whole. Streamflow from mountain snowpack was below average, particularly in the Colorado River basin, but good summer precipitation and cooler temperatures stretched water supplies and resulted in a lessening of drought severity in many areas east of the mountains while essentially ending the drought in others.
title: The use of CT for anatomical mapping of lymphatic drainage in gastric cancer and colon cancer
Creators: name: Agababian, Tatev
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: GI Tract
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Lymph nodes
subject: Oncology
subject: CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer
subject: Retrospective
subject: Cross-sectional study
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Despite successes in the treatment of oncological diseases, their incidence and mortality rate remain high. The most important factor in the prognosis of the disease and the determining factor in the treatment of an oncological patient is the...
Toward a General Theory of Wage and Price Rigidities and Economic Fluctuations
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Economics

description: This article begins with the hypothesis that large economic fluctuations--the marked changes in the unemployment rate that characterize market economies--are a consequence of problems of adjustment to disturbances, especially adjustments of wages and prices. The article argues that because different prices (including prices of labor and capital) are determined in different ways, shocks lead to marked changes in relative prices, and those disturbances in relative prices greatly exacerbate economic fluctuations. The author looks closely at the price-setting process, providing further insights into why prices exhibit rigidities and why different prices may adjust at different rates. He then explores the consequences of asymmetric price responses.