cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Eradication of Exotic Weeds in Australia: Comparing Effort and Expenditure
Creators: name: Hester, Susan M.
name: Odom, Doreen I.S.
name: Cacho, Oscar J.
name: Sinden, Jack A.
name: Hester, Susan M.
name: Odom, Doreen I.S.
name: Cacho, Oscar J.
name: Sinden, Jack A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: weeds
subject: eradication
subject: work effort
subject: expenditure
subject: infestation size

description: Weeds have many adverse impacts on agriculture and the environment and therefore are often targets of eradication attempts. Eradication attempts involve large commitments of labour and financial resources over significant periods of time. Using data from 12 Australian weed eradication attempts the authors compare work hours and expenditure on each attempt for various initial-infestation sizes. Analysis of a limited data set shows: (1) that while the eradication effort increases with the initial area of infestation, the effort applied per hectare actually decreases; (2) that application of a greater work effort was not the reason why completed eradications were successful; and (3) that the larger the initial infestation size, the smaller the amount of resources applied per hectare for eradication.
Mesoptychia mayebarae L. Soderstr. et Vana, Phytotaxa
Creators: name: Söderström, Lars
name: Hagborg, Anders
name: Konrat, Matt Von
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Bryophyta
Jungermanniopsida
Jungermanniales
Jungermanniaceae
Mesoptychia
Mesoptychia mayebarae

description: Mesoptychia mayebarae (S.Hatt.) L.Söderstr. et Váňa,
Phytotaxa 65: 54, 2012 (see Váňa et al. 2012e). BASIONYM: Cephalozia mayebarae S.Hatt., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 3: 37, 1948 (see Hattori 1948b).
description: Published as part of Söderström, Lars, Hagborg, Anders & Konrat, Matt Von, 2014, Early Land Plants Today: Index of Liverworts & Hornworts 2011 - 2012, pp. 61-85 in Phytotaxa 170 (2) on page 71, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.170.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4779611
Sunyaev-Zel'dovich clusters reconstruction in multiband bolometer camera surveys
Creators: name: Pires, S.
name: Juin, J. B.
name: Yvon, D.
name: Moudden, Y.
name: Anthoine, S.
name: Pierpaoli, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new method for the reconstruction of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) galaxy clusters in future SZ-survey experiments using multiband bolometer cameras such as Olimpo, APEX, or Planck. Our goal is to optimise SZ-Cluster extraction from our observed noisy maps. We wish to emphasize that none of the algorithms used in the detection chain is tuned on prior knowledge on the SZ -Cluster signal, or other astrophysical sources (Optical Spectrum, Noise Covariance Matrix, or covariance of SZ Cluster wavelet coefficients). First, a blind separation of the different astrophysical components which contribute to the observations is conducted using an Independent Component Analysis (ICA) method. Then, a recent non linear filtering technique in the wavelet domain, based on multiscale entropy and the False Discovery Rate (FDR) method, is used to detect and reconstruct the galaxy clusters. Finally, we use the Source Extractor software to identify the detected clusters. The proposed method was applied on realistic simulations of observations. As for global detection efficiency, this new method is impressive as it provides comparable results to Pierpaoli et al. method being however a blind algorithm. Preprint with full resolution figures is available at the URL: w10-dapnia.saclay.cea.fr/Phocea/Vie_des_labos/Ast/ast_visu.php?id_ast=728
description: Submitted to A&A. 32 Pages, text only
Jaeger, Henry-Evrard (hrsg.): Zeugnis für die Einheit
Creators: name: Kantzenbach, Friedrich Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 20 Nr. 3 (1971): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 20, Heft 3
title: Multimodality imaging findings in Small bowel tumors: A pictorial review
Creators: name: BANSAL, HARSHIT
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Lymphoma
subject: Cancer
subject: Barium meal
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: CT-Enterography
subject: Small bowel
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Role of imaging in the diagnosis of small bowel tumors Description, merits, and demerits of individual imaging techniques in the evaluation of suspected small bowel tumor Multimodality pictorial review of small bowel tumors. The characteristic...
Proofs of two conjectures on the real zeros of the cylinder and Airy functions
Creators: name: Nemes, Gergő
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 41A60, 33C10, 30C15

description: We prove the enveloping property of the known divergent asymptotic expansions of the large real zeros of the cylinder and Airy functions, and thereby answering in the affirmative two conjectures posed by Elbert and Laforgia and by Fabijonas and Olver, respectively. The essence of the proof is the construction of analytic functions that return the zeros when evaluated along certain discrete sets of real numbers. By manipulating contour integrals of these functions, we derive the asymptotic expansions of the large zeros truncated after a finite number of terms plus remainders that can be estimated efficiently. The conjectures are then deduced as corollaries of these estimates. An analogous result for the associated phase function is also discussed.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis. The exposition was improved based on the referee's comments
Measuring the Impact of Staple Strength-Enhancing Technologies on Australian Wool Producer Profits: A Duality-Based Approach
Creators: name: Templeton, Deborah J.
name: Griffith, Garry R.
name: Piggott, Roley R.
name: O'Donnell, Christopher J.
name: Templeton, Deborah J.
name: Griffith, Garry R.
name: Piggott, Roley R.
name: O'Donnell, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: profit function approach
subject: research evaluation
subject: wool
subject: staple strength
subject: economic analysis

description: Wool tenderness is a significant problem in Australia, especially in areas where sheep graze under highly seasonal conditions. In this study, a duality-based modeling framework is implemented to assess the economic impact of staple strength-enhancing research on the profits of Australian woolgrowers. Within this framework, a normalized quadratic profit function is specified and estimated. The model is based on a number of fundamental characteristics of the Australian wool industry and the staple-strength enhancing technology being assessed. The model consists of a system of equations that are specified in terms of effective, rather than actual, prices. The interrelationships between the netputs are allowed for in the model in a manner that is consistent with the theoretical restrictions that arise as a result of assuming profit maximization, ensuring that the welfare calculations are unambiguous.
Structure formation in the DGP cosmological model
Creators: name: Koyama, Kazuya
name: Maartens, Roy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The DGP brane-world model provides an alternative to the standard LCDM cosmology, in which the late universe accelerates due to a modification of gravity rather than vacuum energy. The cosmological constant $Λ$ in LCDM is replaced by a single parameter, the crossover scale $r_c$, in DGP. The Supernova redshift observations can be fitted by both models, with $Λ\sim H_0^2$ and $r_c \sim H_0^{-1}$. This degeneracy is broken by structure formation, which is suppressed in different ways in the two models. There is some confusion in the literature about how the standard linear growth factor is modified in DGP. While the luminosity distance can be computed purely from the modified 4-dimensional Friedman equation, the evolution of density perturbations requires an analysis of the 5-dimensional gravitational field. We show that if the 5-dimensional effects are inappropriately neglected, then the 4-dimensional Bianchi identities are violated and the computed growth factor is incorrect. By using the 5-dimensional equations, we derive the correct growth factor.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Demand for Wine in Australia: Systems Versus Single Equation Approach
Creators: name: Chang,   Hui-Shung (Christie)
name: Bettington, Nicholas
name: Chang,   Hui-Shung (Christie)
name: Bettington, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: wine demand
subject: demand analysis
subject: almst ideal demand system

description: The objective of the study is to estimate demand for wine in Australia, based on both the systems approach and the single equation approach. Both approaches consider demand for three categories of alcoholic drinks (beer, wine and spirits) in a seemingly unrelated regression framework to take account of cross-equation correlations. Time series data on retail price indexes and apparent per capita consumption of alcoholic beverages for Australia for the period 1975/76 to 1998/99 are used for econometric estimation. The results show that over the short run, beer and wine are necessities; however, over the long run, wine becomes a luxury good. Beer and wine are complements. Demand for all three beverages is price inelastic. The study also found that the behaviour of wine consumers reflect past consumption patterns, indicating that wine is more addictive than either beer or spirits. A structural change in consumer preferences away from cheaper cask wines to more expensive bottled table wines has a significant impact on the volume of wine consumption. Finally, wine consumption has increased over time. The study re-confirms the importance of developing a model that considers the impacts of both economic and non-economic variables on wine consumption.
Unravelling the Post-Collision Properties of the Cartwheel Galaxy: A MUSE Exploration of its Bar and Inner Region
Creators: name: Mondal, Chayan
name: Barway, Sudhanshu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: To investigate the characteristics of the bar and inner disk in the collisional ring galaxy Cartwheel. Methods: We used the Integral Field Unit (IFU) observations with Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) of the Very Large Telescope (VLT) to investigate the stellar kinematics, age, and nature of ionised gas in the inner region of the Cartwheel. We produced the stellar line of sight (LOS) velocity (V), velocity dispersion ($σ$), h$_3$ velocity moment, stellar population age, and emission-line maps of the galaxy using the Galaxy IFU Spectroscopy Tool (GIST) pipeline. Results: The observed nature of intensity, V, and $σ$ profiles altogether support the existence of a stellar bar as earlier revealed from near-infrared (NIR) $K_s$ band imaging. A weak correlation between V/$σ$ and h$_3$ is found within the bar radius, providing more kinematic evidence for a stellar bar which survived the drop-through collision. The overall weak anti-correlation between V/$σ$ and h$_3$ in the disk implies that the stellar orbits in the disk are less stable, which might be due to the impact of the collision. The mass-weighted age map of the galaxy shows that the stellar populations in the bar region are relatively older, with an increasing gradient from the bar edge to the centre, another evidence to signify that the bar was present before the galaxy underwent collision. We do not find an active galactic nuclei (AGN) from the BPT analysis of a central unresolved source reported earlier using NIR imaging. Our findings provide the preservation of the pre-collisional structures in the inner region of the Cartwheel, an important input to understanding the evolution of collisional galaxy systems, particularly investigating the pre-collisional central region for theoretical studies.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Mesoptychia morrisoncola L. Soderstr. et Vana, Phytotaxa
Creators: name: Söderström, Lars
name: Hagborg, Anders
name: Konrat, Matt Von
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Bryophyta
Jungermanniopsida
Jungermanniales
Jungermanniaceae
Mesoptychia
Mesoptychia morrisoncola

description: Mesoptychia morrisoncola (Horik.) L.Söderstr. et Váňa,
Phytotaxa 65: 54, 2012 (see Váňa et al. 2012e). BASIONYM: Lophozia morrisoncola Horik., J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., Ser. B, Div. 2, Bot. 2: 150, 1934 (see Horikawa 1934).
description: Published as part of Söderström, Lars, Hagborg, Anders & Konrat, Matt Von, 2014, Early Land Plants Today: Index of Liverworts & Hornworts 2011 - 2012, pp. 61-85 in Phytotaxa 170 (2) on page 71, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.170.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4779611
Issues and Research Needs of the Australian Organic Food Products Market
Creators: name: Zepeda, Lydia
name: Griffith, Garry R.
name: Chang,   Hui-Shung (Christie)
name: Zepeda, Lydia
name: Griffith, Garry R.
name: Chang,   Hui-Shung (Christie)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Worldwide, the demand for organic food products has expanded rapidly in the past decade, stimulated by consumer perceptions that organic products are safer, cleaner and more ethical than conventional products. The demand for organic products is estimated to be growing at a rate of 15-20 per cent per annum, with sales reaching $US23 billion in 2002. The biggest growth in consumption has occurred in developed countries such as the United States and Europe, which are major importers of organic foods. Australia, as a major exporter of agricultural products, stands to benefit from this expansion in demand. However, little is known about the organic industry by other agribusinesses and little research on organics has been conducted in Australia, especially compared to the United States and Europe. The objective of this paper is to provide a contemporary overview of the Australian organic food products industry, including production, marketing and certification of organic foods. Major supply issues such as the small production base and the low rate of conversion to organic farming and major demand issues such as availability, prices and product integrity are discussed. Areas identified for further research include data collection and reporting of production, consumption and trade of organic products, consumer and producer attitudes towards, and expectations of, organic farming, product integrity and labelling regulation, competition from other sustainable farming systems, and future industry structure of the organic sector. Outputs from the research will provide market information to the organic industry that helps identify marketing opportunities and develop strategies for meeting market requirements and sustaining industry growth.
Design of a Quantum-Repeater using Quantum-Circuits and benchmarking its performance on an IBM Quantum-Computer
Creators: name: Das, Sowmitra
name: Rahman, Md. Saifur
name: Majumdar, Mahbub
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum communication relies on the existence of entanglement between two nodes of a network. However, due to its fragile nature, it is nearly impossible to establish entanglement at large distances through the direct transmission of qubits. Quantum repeaters have been proposed to solve this problem, which split-up the network to create small-scale entangled links and then connect them up to create the large-scale link. As researchers race to establish entanglement over larger and larger distances, it becomes essential to gauge the performance and robustness of the different protocols that have been proposed to design a quantum repeater, before deploying them in real life. Currently available noisy quantum computers are ideal for this task, as they can emulate the noisy environment in a quantum communication channel, and provide a measure for how the protocols will perform on real-life hardware. In this paper, we report the circuit-level implementation of the complete architecture of a quantum repeater, and benchmark this protocol on IBM's cloud quantum computer - IBMQ. Our experiments indicate a 26% fidelity of shared bell-pairs for a complete on-chip quantum repeater with a yield of 49%. We also compare these results with simulation data from IBM Qiskit. The results of our experiments provide a quantitative measure for the fidelity of entanglement that currently available repeaters can establish. In addition, the proposed circuit-implementation provides a robust benchmark for state-of-the-art quantum computing hardware.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures; added detailed circuits, analysis of results and updated references
Effect of Nuclear Quadrupole Interaction on the Relaxation in Amorphous Solids
Creators: name: Polishchuk, I. Y.
name: Fulde, P.
name: Burin, A. L.
name: Sereda, Y.
name: Balamurugan, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently it has been experimentally demonstrated that certain glasses display an unexpected magnetic field dependence of the dielectric constant. In particular, the echo technique experiments have shown that the echo amplitude depends on the magnetic field. The analysis of these experiments results in the conclusion that the effect seems to be related to the nuclear degrees of freedom of tunneling systems. The interactions of a nuclear quadrupole electrical moment with the crystal field and of a nuclear magnetic moment with magnetic field transform the two-level tunneling systems inherent in amorphous dielectrics into many-level tunneling systems. The fact that these features show up at temperatures $T<100mK$, where the properties of amorphous materials are governed by the long-range $R^{-3}$ interaction between tunneling systems, suggests that this interaction is responsible for the magnetic field dependent relaxation. We have developed a theory of many-body relaxation in an ensemble of interacting many-level tunneling systems and show that the relaxation rate is controlled by the magnetic field. The results obtained correlate with the available experimental data. Our approach strongly supports the idea that the nuclear quadrupole interaction is just the key for understanding the unusual behavior of glasses in a magnetic field.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures
Barred Galaxies:Studying the chaotic and ordered nature of orbits
Creators: name: Manos, T.
name: Athanassoula, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chaotic or ordered character of orbits in galactic models is an important issue, since it can influence dynamical evolution. This distinction can be achieved with the help of the Smaller Alingment Index - (SALI). We describe here briefly this method and its advantages. Then we apply it to that case of 2D and 3D barred galaxy potentials. In particular, we find the fraction of chaotic and ordered orbits in such potentials and present how this fraction changes when the main parameters of the model are varied. For this, we consider models with different bar mass, bar thickness or pattern speed. Varying only one parameter at a time, we find that bars that are more massive, or thinner, or faster, have a larger fraction of chaotic orbits.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, in the 7th Astronomy Conference of the Hellenic Astronomical Society, Kefallinia, Greece, (in press)
IMPOSING REGULARITY CONDITIONS ON A SYSTEM OF COST AND FACTOR SHARE EQUATIONS
Creators: name: Griffiths, William E.
name: O'Donnell, Christopher J.
name: Cruz, Agustina Tan
name: Griffiths, William E.
name: O'Donnell, Christopher J.
name: Cruz, Agustina Tan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Cost functions
subject: Markov Chain Monte Carlo
subject: inequality constraints

description: Systems of equations comprising cost functions and first-order derivative equations are often used to estimate characteristics of production technologies. Unfortunately, many estimated systems violate the regularity conditions implied by economic theory. Sampling theory methods can be used to impose these conditions globally, but these methods destroy the flexibility properties of most functional forms. We demonstrate how Bayesian methods can be used to maintain flexibility by imposing regularity conditions locally. The Bayesian approach is used to estimate a system of cost and share equations for the merino-woolgrowing sector. The effect of local imposition of monotonicity and concavity on the signs and magnitudes of elasticities is examined.
Photon Condensation and Enhanced Magnetism in Cavity QED
Creators: name: Román-Roche, Juan
name: Luis, Fernando
name: Zueco, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A system of magnetic molecules coupled to microwave cavities ($LC$ resonators) undergoes the equilibrium superradiant phase transition. The transition is experimentally observable. The effect of the coupling is first illustrated by the vacuum-induced ferromagnetic order in a quantum Ising model and then by the modification of the magnetic phase diagram of ${\rm Fe_8}$ dipolar crystals, exemplifying the cooperation between intrinsic and photon-induced spin-spin interactions. Finally, a transmission experiment is shown to resolve the transition, measuring the quantum electrodynamical control of magnetism.
Signatures of cosmic tau-neutrinos
Creators: name: Reya, E.
name: Roediger, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The importance and signatures of cosmic tau--(anti)neutrinos have been studied for upward-- and downward--going $μ^-+μ^+$ and hadronic shower event rates relevant for present and future underground water or ice detectors, utilizing the unique and reliable ultrasmall--$x$ predictions of the dynamical (radiative) parton model. The upward--going $μ^- +μ^+$ event rates calculated just from cosmic $ν_μ+\barν_μ$ fluxes are sizeably enhanced by taking into account cosmic $ν_τ+ \barν_τ$ fluxes and their associated $τ^- +τ^+$ fluxes as well. The coupled transport equations for the upward--going $\stackrel{(-)}ν_τ$ flux traversing the Earth imply an enhancement of the attenuated and regenerated $\stackrel{(-)}ν_τ$ flux typically around $10^4-10^5$ GeV with respect to the initial cosmic flux. This enhancement turns out to be smaller than obtained so far, in particular for flatter initial cosmic fluxes behaving like $E_ν^{-1}$. Downward--going $μ^- +μ^+$ events and in particular the background--free and unique hadronic `double bang' and `lollipop' events allow to test downward--going cosmic $ν_τ +\barν_τ$ fluxes up to about $10^9$ GeV.
description: 32 pages, 6 figures; Added references
Mesoptychia rutheana L. Soderstr. et Vana, Phytotaxa
Creators: name: Söderström, Lars
name: Hagborg, Anders
name: Konrat, Matt Von
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Bryophyta
Jungermanniopsida
Jungermanniales
Jungermanniaceae
Mesoptychia
Mesoptychia rutheana

description: Mesoptychia rutheana (Limpr.) L.Söderstr. et Váňa,
Phytotaxa 65: 54, 2012 (see Váňa et al. 2012e). BASIONYM: Jungermannia rutheana Limpr., Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 61: 207, 1884 (see Limpricht 1884).
description: Published as part of Söderström, Lars, Hagborg, Anders & Konrat, Matt Von, 2014, Early Land Plants Today: Index of Liverworts & Hornworts 2011 - 2012, pp. 61-85 in Phytotaxa 170 (2) on page 71, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.170.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4779611
Robust Zero Level-Set Extraction from Unsigned Distance Fields Based on Double Covering
Creators: name: Hou, Fei
name: Chen, Xuhui
name: Wang, Wencheng
name: Qin, Hong
name: He, Ying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a new method, called DoubleCoverUDF, for extracting the zero level-set from unsigned distance fields (UDFs). DoubleCoverUDF takes a learned UDF and a user-specified parameter $r$ (a small positive real number) as input and extracts an iso-surface with an iso-value $r$ using the conventional marching cubes algorithm. We show that the computed iso-surface is the boundary of the $r$-offset volume of the target zero level-set $S$, which is an orientable manifold, regardless of the topology of $S$. Next, the algorithm computes a covering map to project the boundary mesh onto $S$, preserving the mesh's topology and avoiding folding. If $S$ is an orientable manifold surface, our algorithm separates the double-layered mesh into a single layer using a robust minimum-cut post-processing step. Otherwise, it keeps the double-layered mesh as the output. We validate our algorithm by reconstructing 3D surfaces of open models and demonstrate its efficacy and effectiveness on synthetic models and benchmark datasets. Our experimental results confirm that our method is robust and produces meshes with better quality in terms of both visual evaluation and quantitative measures than existing UDF-based methods. The source code is available at https://github.com/jjjkkyz/DCUDF.
description: published in ACM Transactions on Graphics (SIGGRAPH Asia 2023)
Pseudogap metal induced by long-range Coulomb interactions
Creators: name: Driscoll, Katherine
name: Ralko, Arnaud
name: Fratini, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In correlated electron systems the metallic character of a material can be strongly suppressed near an integer concentration of conduction electrons as Coulomb interactions forbid the double occupancy of local atomic orbitals. While the Mott-Hubbard physics arising from such on-site interactions has been largely studied, several unexplained phenomena observed in correlated materials challenge this description and call for the development of new ideas. Here we explore a general route for obtaining correlated behavior that is decidedly different from the spin-related Mott-Hubbard mechanism and instead relies on the presence of unscreened, long-range Coulomb interactions. We find a pseudogap metal phase characterized by a divergent quasiparticle mass and the opening of a Coulomb pseudogap in the electronic spectrum. The destruction of the Fermi-liquid state occurs because the electrons move in a nearly frozen, disordered charge background, as collective charge rearrangements are drastically slowed down by the frustrating nature of long-range potentials on discrete lattices. The present pseudogap metal realizes an early conjecture by Efros, that a soft Coulomb gap should appear for quantum lattice electrons with strong unscreened interactions due to self-generated randomness.
description: 4 pages + 4 pages supplementary information
Localized Modes in the IR Phase of QCD
Creators: name: Alexandru, Andrei
name: Horváth, Ivan
name: Bhattacharyya, Neel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Infrared (IR) dimension function $d_\text{IR}(λ)$ characterizes the space effectively utilized by QCD quarks at Dirac scale $λ$, and indirectly the space occupied by glue fields. It was proposed that its non-analytic behavior in thermal infrared phase reflects the separation of QCD system into an IR component and an independent bulk. Here we study the ``plateau modes" in IR component, whose dimensional properties were puzzling. Indeeed, in the recent metal-to-critical scenario of transition to IR phase, this low-dimensional plateau connects the Anderson-like mobility edge $λ_\text{IR}=0$ in Dirac spectrum with mobility edges $\pm λ_\text{A}$. For this structure to be truly Anderson-like, plateau modes have to be exponentially localized, implying that both the effective distances $L_\text{eff} \propto L^γ$ and the effective volumes $V_\text{eff} \propto L^{d_\text{IR}}$ in these modes grow slower than any positive power of IR cutoff $L$. Although $γ=0$ was confirmed in the plateau, it was found that $d_\text{IR}\approx 1$. Here we apply the recently proposed multidimension technique to the problem. We conclude that a plateau mode of pure-glue QCD at UV cutoff $a \!=\! 0.085\,$fm occupies a subvolume of IR dimension zero with probability at least 0.9999, substantiating this aspect of metal-to-critical scenario to a respective degree.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures; v2: minor improvements, published version
Demand for Organic Food: Focus Group Discussions in Armidale, NSW
Creators: name: Zepeda, Lydia
name: Chang,   Hui-Shung (Christie)
name: Zepeda, Lydia
name: Chang,   Hui-Shung (Christie)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: organic agriculture
subject: consumer perceptions
subject: organic certification
subject: focus group

description: In Australia, the retail value of organic food production was estimated at A$250 million, with farm gate value at around A$90 million, and exports at around A$40 million. The current share of organic sales in total food sales in Australia is about 1 per cent. The growth rate in organic production was forecast to continue at 10-30% per annum. Despite the positive outlook, there are concerns about consumer confusion over product recognition, organic certification, and misleading advertising. To understand how demand for organic products is changing, it is important to investigate consumer attitudes and knowledge about these issues. The objective of this study is to identify issues that may hinder or promote demand. Given the qualitative nature of these issues we use a focus group study to probe consumers. The results suggest that consumers are in general concerned about the use of chemicals, the treatment of farm animals and the environment impact of food production. Organic food consumers are more knowledgeable about organic foods as well as being more tolerant of higher prices and inaccessibility. The results also suggest that increasing consumers' awareness of organic farming and certification as well as the availability of organic foods may be the most effective ways of moving organic foods into mainstream.
Effects of Final-state Interactions on Mixing-induced CP Violation in Penguin-dominated B Decays
Creators: name: Cheng, Hai-Yang
name: Chua, Chun-Khiang
name: Soni, Amarjit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent indications of the possibility of sizable deviations of the mixing-induced CP violation parameter, $S_f$, in the penguin-dominated $b\to sq\bar q$ transition decays such as $B^0\to (ϕ,ω,ρ^0,η',η,π^0,f_0)K_S$ from $\sin 2β$ determined from $B\to J/ψK_S$, we study final-state rescattering effects on their decay rates and CP violation. Recent observations of large direct CP asymmetry in modes such as $B^0\to K^+π^-,ρ^-π^+$ means that final state phases in 2-body B decays may not be small. It is therefore important to examine these long-distance effects on penguin-dominated decays. Such long-distance effects on $S_f$ are found to be generally small [i.e. ${\cal O}(1-2%)$] or negligible except for the $ωK_S$ and $ρ^0K_S$ modes where $S_f$ is lowered by around 15% for the former and increased by the same percentage for the latter. However, final-state rescattering can enhance the $ωK_S, ϕK_S, η'K_S, ρ^0K_S$ and $π^0K_S$ rates significantly and flip the signs of direct CP asymmetries of the last two modes. Direct CP asymmetries in $ωK_S$ and $ρ^0K_S$ channels are predicted to be $\A_{ωK_S}\approx -0.13$ and $\A_{ρ^0K_S}\approx 0.47$, respectively. However, direct CP asymmetry in all the other $b\to s$ penguin dominated modes that we study is found to be rather small (a few percents), rendering these modes a viable place to search for the CP-odd phases beyond the standard model.
description: 23 pages, 1 figure. Table I is updated with the new Belle measurements. Detailed discussions on theoretical uncertainties are given and their numerical estimates are included in Tables II-V. CP asymmetries in the modes \rho^0 K_S and \eta K_S are also discussed. We clarify and stress that merging with QCDF does not cause a double counting problem
Essays in finance: initial public offerings and risk backtesting
Creators: name: Schmidtke, Philipp
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corporate finance
subject: Risk management
subject: 330
subject: Corporate Finance
subject: Going public
subject: Risikomanagement

description: Asset prices are a central research object in financial economics. In this thesis, Chapters 2 and 3 are concerned with studying the initial public offering (IPO), the process by which previously private firms offer their shares to the general public for the first time, eventually resulting in a first stock exchange valuation. Chapter 2 proposes a new measure of investor sophistication using the internet log file data set of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval (EDGAR) system and investigates the role of sophisticated and unsophisticated investor attention for IPO pricing. Chapter 3 defines a daily SEC workload measure at the SEC industry office level and performs an analysis of the SEC filing review process for IPOs, including textual analysis of SEC comments. The dissertation uses this to examine the interaction among high SEC workload, filing review outcomes, and IPO pricing. The second main focus of this dissertation, set out in Chapters 4 and 5, is backtesting of market risk forecasts for financial returns, which is a central concern of risk managers as soon as an asset is traded publicly. Chapter 4 proposes novel Value-at-Risk (VaR) backtests for the independence property of VaR forecasts using the extremal index, which is a concept from extreme value theory. The tests are analyzed and compared to existing alternatives using Monte Carlo simulations. Chapter 5 conducts a critical analysis of volatility forecasting capabilities of a large set of Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH)-type models for returns on the Bitcoin cryptocurrency, known for its extreme price changes. Model confidence sets are calculated for different loss functions, volatility proxies, and significance levels to obtain models with equal predictive ability.
Improvement of platelet quality in stored platelet concentrates by inhibition of complement activation
Creators: name: Chahal, Sarabjit
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The storage of platelets under routine blood bank storage conditions leads to a loss of viability and responsiveness known as platelet storage lesion. Potential causes, which may produce the storage lesion, include increased metabolism of activated platelets, activation of blood enzyme pathways by contact with the polymer surfaces of blood collection packs, and aging of platelets. Complement activation occurs in platelet concentrates (PCs) during collection, processing and storage, which may contribute to the platelet storage lesion; however, no direct evidence supports this hypothesis. If complement contributes to the storage lesion then the inclusion of specific complement inhibitors in PCs should reduce the extent of the platelet storage lesion. The project was designed to determine whether the addition of a complement inhibitor prevents complement activation in PCs, whether that complement inhibition is related to an improvement or deterioration in the quality of stored platelets and thirdly, whether the inhibitor remains active throughout the 5-day storage period of PCs. Concentrates were split into mini-units and treated with the specific complement inhibitors N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamic acid (NAAGA) or NAAGA-Na, EDTA or buffer. Samples were collected on day 0, 1, 3 and 5 or alternatively, daily during storage. Complement activation was monitored by measuring C3a and SC5b-9 levels. Platelet quality was assessed by morphology, hypotonic shock response (HSR), and platelet activation marker expression. Stability of the inhibitor was determined by monitoring its residual complement inhibitory activity in the bag over the storage period using a modified hemolytic assay. NAAGA treatment in the first study demonstrated a decreased C3a generation and delayed generation of membrane attack complex, C5b-9 (MAC) (p<0.05). By morphology and HSR, complement inhibition by NAAGA improved the platelet quality (p<0.05). NAAGA slowed the rate of platelet activation, but did not prevent it. NAAGA-Na treatment in the second study also decreased C3a levels and delayed MAC generation (p<0.05). However, by morphology scores and HSR, there was no difference in the two treatments. NAAGA-Na was stable throughout the storage period as determined by the modified hemolytic assay (p<0.05). The first study provides direct evidence that complement activation contributes to the platelet storage lesion; however, complement activation is clearly not the sole cause of the storage lesion. Although in the second study complement inhibition was not related to an improvement of platelet quality, we cannot exclude the possibility that complement is one of the likely candidates that may have an impact on the extended storage of PCs.
Capacity of a lossy photon channel with direct detection
Creators: name: Łukanowski, Karol
name: Jarzyna, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We calculate numerically the capacity of a lossy photon channel assuming photon number resolving detection at the output. We consider scenarios of input Fock and coherent states ensembles and show that the latter always exhibits worse performance than the former. We obtain capacity of a discrete-time Poisson channel as a limiting behavior of the Fock states ensemble capacity. We show also that in the regime of a moderate number of photons and low losses the Fock states ensemble with direct detection is beneficial with respect to capacity limits achievable with quadrature detection.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Time-reversal symmetry breaking from lattice dislocations in superconductors
Creators: name: Breiø, Clara N.
name: Kreisel, Andreas
name: Roig, Mercè
name: Hirschfeld, P. J.
name: Andersen, Brian M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spontaneous generation of time-reversal symmetry breaking in unconventional superconductors is currently a topic of considerable interest. While chiral superconducting order is often assumed to be the source of such signatures, they can sometimes also arise from nonmagnetic disorder. Here we perform a theoretical study of the impact of dislocations on the superconducting order parameter within a microscopic one-band model which, in the homogeneous case, features either extended $s$-wave, $d$-wave, or $s+id$-wave superconductivity depending on the electron concentration. We find that the dislocations minimize their impact on the superconducting condensate by inducing localized supercurrents pinned by the dislocations, even well outside the $s+id$ regime. We map out the parameter and density dependence of the induced currents. From these results we conclude that quite generically unconventional superconductors hosting dislocations tend to break time-reversal symmetry locally.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Quantum melting of the hole crystal in the spin ladder of Sr14-xCaxCu24O41
Creators: name: Rusydi, A.
name: Abbamonte, P.
name: Eisaki, H.
name: Fujimaki, Y.
name: Blumberg, G.
name: Uchida, S.
name: Sawatzky, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The "spin ladder" is a reduced-dimensional analogue of the high temperature superconductors that was predicted to exhibit both superconductivity and an electronic charge density wave or "hole crystal" (HC). Both phenomena have been observed in the doped spin ladder system Sr14-xCaxCu24O41 (SCCO), which at x=0 exhibits a HC which is commensurate at all temperatures. To investigate the effects of discommensuration we used resonant soft x-ray scattering (RSXS) to study SCCO as a function of doped hole density, d. The HC forms only with the commensurate wave vectors L_L = 1/5 and L_L = 1/3 and exhibits a simple temperature scaling T_(1/3) / T_(1/5) = 5/3. For irrational wave vectors the HC "melts", perhaps through the motion of topological defects carrying fractional charge.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Zero-Point Energy Density at the Origin of the Vacuum Permittivity and Photon Propagation Time Fluctuation
Creators: name: Hugon, Christophe
name: Kulikovskiy, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a vacuum description with zero-point density for virtual fluctuations. One of the goals is to explain the origin of the vacuum permittivity and permeability and to calculate their values. In particular, we improve on existing calculations by avoiding assumptions on the volume occupied by virtual fluctuations. We propose testing of the models that assume a finite lifetime of virtual fluctuation. If during its propagation, the photon is stochastically trapped and released by virtual pairs, the propagation velocity may fluctuate. The propagation time fluctuation is estimated for several existing models. The obtained values are measurable with available technologies involving ultra-short laser pulses, and some of the models are already in conflict with the existing astronomical observations. The phase velocity is not affected significantly, which is consistent with the interferometric measurements.
Mesoptychia rutheana var. laxa L. Soderstr. et Vana, Phytotaxa
Creators: name: Söderström, Lars
name: Hagborg, Anders
name: Konrat, Matt Von
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Bryophyta
Jungermanniopsida
Jungermanniales
Jungermanniaceae
Mesoptychia
Mesoptychia rutheana
Mesoptychia rutheana var. laxa (schiffn. ex burrell) l.söderstr. et váňa,

description: Mesoptychia rutheana var. laxa (Schiffn. ex Burrell) L.Söderstr. et Váňa,
Phytotaxa 65: 54, 2012 (see Váňa et al. 2012e). BASIONYM: Lophozia schultzii var. laxa Schiffn. ex Burrell, J. Bot. 49: 217, 1911 (see Burrell 1911).
NOTE: This variety also creates the autonym.
description: Published as part of Söderström, Lars, Hagborg, Anders & Konrat, Matt Von, 2014, Early Land Plants Today: Index of Liverworts & Hornworts 2011 - 2012, pp. 61-85 in Phytotaxa 170 (2) on page 71, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.170.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4779611
On a theoretical model for d-wave to mixed s- and d-wave transition in cuprate superconductors
Creators: name: Krivolapov, Y.
name: Mann, A.
name: Birman, Joseph L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A U(3) model proposed by Iachello for superconductivity in cuprate materials is analyzed. The model consists of s and d pairs (approximated as bosons) in a two-dimensional Fermi system with a surface. The transition occurs between a phase in which the system is a condensate of one of the bosons, and a phase which is a mixture of two types of bosons. In the current work we have investigated the validity of the Bogoliubov approximation, and we used a reduced Hamiltonian to determine a phase diagram, the symmetry of the phases and the temperature dependence of the heat capacity.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
White dwarfs with planetary remnants in the era of Gaia I: six emission line systems
Creators: name: Fusillo, N. P. Gentile
name: Manser, C. J.
name: Gänsicke, Boris T.
name: Toloza, O.
name: Koester, D.
name: Dennihy, E.
name: Brown, W. R.
name: Farihi, J.
name: Hollands, M. A.
name: Hoskin, M. J.
name: Izquierdo, P.
name: Kinnear, T.
name: Marsh, T. R.
name: Santamaria-Miranda, A.
name: Pala, A. F.
name: Redfield, S.
name: Rodriguez-Gil, P.
name: Schreiber, M. R.
name: Veras, D.
name: Wilson, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: White dwarfs with emission lines from gaseous debris discs are among the rarest examples of planetary remnant hosts, but at the same time they are key objects for studying the final evolutionary stage of planetary systems. Making use of the large number of white dwarfs identified in Gaia DR2, we are conducting a survey of planetary remnants and here we present the first results of our search: six white dwarfs with gaseous debris discs. This first publication focuses on the main observational properties of these objects and highlights their most unique features. Three systems in particular stand out: WDJ084602.47+570328.64 displays an exceptionally strong infrared excess which defies the standard model of a geometrically-thin, optically-thick dusty debris disc; WDJ213350.72+242805.93 is the hottest gaseous debris disc host known with Teff=29282 K; and WDJ052914.32-340108.11, in which we identify a record number of 51 emission lines from five elements. These discoveries shed light on the underlying diversity in gaseous debris disc systems and bring the total number of these objects to 21. With these numbers we can now start looking at the properties of these systems as a class of objects rather than on a case-by-case basis.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. V2 replaced Fig.10 and minor changes to sections 4 and 7
Modified rational six vertex model on the rectangular lattice
Creators: name: Belliard, S.
name: Pimenta, R. A.
name: Slavnov, N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a rational six vertex model on a rectangular lattice with boundary conditions that generalize the usual domain wall type. We find that the partition function of the inhomogeneous version of this model is given by a modified Izergin determinant. The proofs are based on the quantum inverse scattering method and its representation theory together with elementary linear algebra.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures, to appear in SciPost, V2 typos corrected