cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Commission Bans on Household Wealth: Evidence from OECD Countries
Creators: name: Sebastian, Steffen P.
name: Noth, Lukas
name: Grafe, Albert
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Commission Ban, distribution, financial service
subject: 330 Wirtschaft
subject: D14
subject: D18
subject: G28

description: Abstract
In most OECD countries, financial advisors are primarily paid through commissions. This entails a principal agent problem in which the financial advisor has the incentive to sell financial products that maximize his income, not however the return of the investor seeking financial advice. To combat this conflict of interest, countries such as Denmark, Finland or Great Britain introduced commission bans. Our research finds an annual return difference of household wealth between 1.5% to 2% with a sample period from 1997 to 2020 for OECD countries with commission ban versus OECD countries without. This implies that households in commission ban countries can have close to double the amount of wealth compared to household in non-commission ban countries after 40 years. The results support the introduction of commission bans to foster private household wealth formation. 

Zusammenfassung
In den meisten OECD-Ländern werden Finanzberater über Provisionen vergütet. Dieses System führt zu einem Principal-Agenten-Problem, bei dem der Finanzberater einen Anreiz hat, Finanzprodukte zu verkaufen, die sein Einkommen maximieren, nicht jedoch die Rendite des Anlegers. Um diesen Interessenskonflikt aufzulösen, haben Länder wie Dänemark, Finnland oder Großbritannien Provisionsverbote eingeführt. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass zwischen 1997 und 2020 OECD-Länder mit Provisionsverbot eine 1,5% bis 2% höhere jährliche Rendite auf ihr Vermögen erreicht haben. Dies kann nahezu zu einer Verdopplung des Haushaltvermögens nach 40 Jahren führen. Somit sprechen die Ergebnisse für die Einführung von Provisionsverboten zur Förderung der Vermögensbildung privater Haushalte.
Dynamical non-ergodic scaling in continuous finite-order quantum phase transitions
Creators: name: Deng, Shusa
name: Ortiz, Gerardo
name: Viola, Lorenza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the emergence of universal dynamical scaling in quantum critical spin systems adiabatically driven out of equilibrium, with emphasis on quench dynamics which involves non-isolated critical points (i.e., critical regions) and cannot be a priori described through standard scaling arguments nor time-dependent perturbative approaches. Comparing to the case of an isolated quantum critical point, we find that non-equilibrium scaling behavior of a large class of physical observables may still be explained in terms of equilibrium critical exponents. However, the latter are in general non-trivially path-dependent, and detailed knowledge about the time-dependent excitation process becomes essential. In particular, we show how multiple level crossings within a gapless phase may completely suppress excitation depending on the control path. Our results typify non-ergodic scaling in continuous finite-order quantum phase transitions.
description: 6 pages, 4 eps color figures
Kinetic simulations of collision-less plasmas in open magnetic geometries
Creators: name: Kumar, Atul
name: Marin, J. F. Caneses
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laboratory plasmas in open magnetic geometries can be found in many different applications such as (1) Scrape-Of-Layer (SOL) and divertor regions in toroidal confinement fusion devices (\approx1-10^2\hspace{1mm}\mathrm{eV}), (2) linear divertor simulators (\approx1-10\hspace{1mm}\mathrm{eV}), (3) plasma-based thrusters (\approx10\hspace{1mm}\mathrm{eV}) and (4) magnetic mirrors (\approx10^2-10^3\hspace{1mm}\mathrm{eV}). A common feature of these plasma systems is the need to resolve, in addition to velocity space, at least one physical dimension (e.g. along flux lines) to capture the relevant physics. In general, this requires a kinetic treatment. Fully kinetic Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations can be applied but at the expense of large computational effort. A common way to resolve this is to use a hybrid approach: kinetic ions and fluid electrons. In the present work, the development of a hybrid PIC computational tool suitable for open magnetic geometries is described which includes (1) the effect of non-uniform magnetic fields, (2) finite fully-absorbing boundaries for the particles and (3) volumetric particle sources. Analytical expressions for the momentum transport in the paraxial limit are presented with their underlying assumptions and are used to validate the results from the PIC simulations. The self-consistent electric field is calculated and is shown to modify the ion velocity distribution function in manner consistent with analytic theory. Based on this analysis, the ion distribution function is understood in terms of a loss-cone distribution and an isotropic Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution driven by a volumetric plasma source. Finally, inclusion of a Monte-Carlo based Fokker-Planck collision operator is discussed in the context of future work.
description: This a paper on Hybrid PIC simulations of plasmas in open magnetic geometries
Development of a Josephson junction based single photon microwave detector for axion detection experiments
Creators: name: Alesini, D
name: Babusci, D
name: Barone, C
name: Buonomo, B
name: Beretta, M M
name: Bianchini, L
name: Castellano, G
name: Chiarello, F
name: Di Gioacchino, D
name: Falferi, P
name: Felici, G
name: Filatrella, G
name: Foggetta, L G
name: Gallo, A
name: Gatti, C
name: Giazotto, F
name: Lamanna, G
name: Ligabue, F
name: Ligato, N
name: Ligi, C
name: Maccarrone, G
name: Margesin, B
name: Mattioli, F
name: Monticone, E
name: Oberto, L
name: Pagano, S
name: Paolucci, F
name: Rajteri, M
name: Rettaroli, A
name: Rolandi, L
name: Spagnolo, P
name: Toncelli, A
name: Torrioli, G
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Josephson junctions, in appropriate configurations, can be excellent candidates for detection of single photons in the microwave frequency band. Such possibility has been recently addressed in the framework of galactic axion detection. Here are reported recent developments in the modelling and simulation of dynamic behaviour of a Josephson junction single microwave photon detector. For a Josephson junction to be enough sensitive, small critical currents and operating temperatures of the order of ten of mK are necessary. Thermal and quantum tunnelling out of the zero-voltage state can also mask the detection process. Axion detection would require dark count rates in the order of 0.001 Hz. It is, therefore, is of paramount importance to identify proper device fabrication parameters and junction operation point.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
title: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Creators: name: Desharnais, Josée
name: Jagadeesan, Radha
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Front Matter
subject: Table of Contents
subject: Preface
subject: Conference Organization

description: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
description: LIPIcs, Vol. 59, 27th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2016), pages 0:i-0:xxii
Discovery of 17 new sharp-lined Ap stars with magnetically resolved lines
Creators: name: Freyhammer, L. M.
name: Elkin, V. G.
name: Kurtz, D. W.
name: Mathys, G.
name: Martinez, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chemically peculiar A stars (Ap) are extreme examples of the interaction of atomic element diffusion processes with magnetic fields in stellar atmospheres. The rapidly oscillating Ap stars provide a means for studying these processes in 3D and are at the same time important for studying the pulsation excitation mechanism in A stars. As part of the first comprehensive, uniform, high resolution spectroscopic survey of Ap stars, which we are conducting in the southern hemisphere with the Michigan Spectral Catalogues as the basis of target selection, we report here the discovery of 17 new magnetic Ap stars having spectroscopically resolved Zeeman components from which we derive magnetic field moduli in the range 3 - 30 kG. Among these are 1) the current second-strongest known magnetic A star, 2) a double-lined Ap binary with a magnetic component and 3) an A star with particularly peculiar and variable abundances. Polarimetry of these stars is needed to constrain their field geometries and to determine their rotation periods. We have also obtained an additional measurement of the magnetic field of the Ap star HD 92499.
description: Accepted for publication by Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Using the Semantic Information G Measure to Explain and Extend Rate-Distortion Functions and Maximum Entropy Distributions
Creators: name: Lu, Chenguang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.1.1; G.1.6; I.1.2; I.2.4; I.2.6; I.5.3; G.3; E.4
subject: 94A29, 94A34, 94A15, 94A17, 62B10, 68T05, 62F15, 68P30

description: In the rate-distortion function and the Maximum Entropy (ME) method, Minimum Mutual In-formation (MMI) distributions and ME distributions are expressed by Bayes-like formulas, in-cluding Negative Exponential Functions (NEFs) and partition functions. Why do these non-probability functions exist in Bayes-like formulas? On the other hand, the rate-distortion function has three disadvantages: (1) the distortion function is subjectively defined; (2) the defi-nition of the distortion function between instances and labels is often difficult; (3) it cannot be used for data compression according to the labels' semantic meanings. The author has proposed using the semantic information G measure with both statistical probability and logical probability before. We can now explain NEFs as truth functions, partition functions as logical probabilities, Bayes-like formulas as semantic Bayes' formulas, MMI as Semantic Mutual Information (SMI), and ME as extreme ME minus SMI. In overcoming the above disadvantages, this paper sets up the relationship between truth functions and distortion functions, obtains truth functions from samples by machine learning, and constructs constraint conditions with truth functions to extend rate-distortion functions. Two examples are used to help readers understand the MMI iteration and to support the theoretical results. Using truth functions and the semantic information G measure, we can combine machine learning and data compression, including semantic com-pression. We need further studies to explore general data compression and recovery, according to the semantic meaning.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures
Still Fighting the God-Vs.-Gays Battle: Twitter Reaction to Presidential Candidate Pete Buttigieg’s Identification as a Gay Member of the Christian Left
Creators: name: Gibson, Rhonda
name: Hester, Joe Bob
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023

description:
A computational analysis of 2.6 million original tweets from March 2019 to March 2020 about presidential candidate Pete Buttigieg, a self-identified gay man and member of the Christian left, showed more interest in his sexuality than his religion. Examination of the most shared tweets suggests that the Twitterverse did not explicitly portray Buttigieg’s dual identities as contradictory, a departure from the typical “God-vs.-gay” rhetoric associated with religion and sexuality. However, the most shared tweet in the data set, from evangelist Franklin Graham, negatively characterized both Buttigieg’s religious and sexual identities and questioned whether a gay man could be a true Christian.
Chemical and enzymic assays for available lysine
Creators: name: Holguin, Mariluz
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Lysine is of prime nutritional significance since it is the first limiting amino acid in many foods of plant origin and is easily rendered unavailable upon heat processing or upon unfavourable storage conditions. The term "available lysine" refers to forms of lysine which contain free €-amino groups within the peptide chain. Once the Є-amino group is blocked, lysine becomes unavailable since it cannot be hydrolyzed by proteolytic enzymes. The availability of lysines in casein, lysozyme, β-lactoglobulin, acid solubilized gluten and whole egg was determined by the pepsin pancreatin digestion test, the dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) and the trinitro-benzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) methods. The results were compared to the fluorodinitrobenzene (FDNB) method. Good agreement was obtained between the FDNB official method and the DNBS technique, with a correlation coefficient of 0.989. When the TNBS method was compared to the FDNB difference technique, a correlation coefficient of 0.988 was found. The pesin pancreatin digestion test indicated the relative amount of lysine released by the enzymes under the conditions specified by the test. A correlation coefficient of 0.995 was found between the FDNB official method and the enzymatic test. The specificity of DNBS for the Є-amino group of lysine was determined using α- and Є-formyl-lysines, L-lysine, L-lysyllysine, L-lysylalanine and ribonuclease-S-peptide. DNBS was found to react mainly with Є-amino group but with a slight reactivity with α-amino group. However, in the case of proteins with several Є-amino groups and N-terminal lysine, the contribution of the Є-amino group to the results becomes negligible. The DNBS method was found to be the simplest and most reliable method for determination of available lysine, for the following reasons: a) it does not require acid hydrolysis of the proteins; b) a large number of samples can be analyzed simultaneously in a few hours, and c) it does not require expensive and lengthy chromatographic amino acid analysis.
Coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity: the role of kinetic interactions, kinetic correlations, and external pressure
Creators: name: Górski, Grzegorz
name: Kucab, Krzysztof
name: Mizia, Jerzy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Hubbard type model to describe the coexistence between superconductivity (SC) and ferromagnetism (F). Our Hamiltonian contains single-site and two-site interactions. All inter-site interactions will have included the inter-site kinetic correlation: $$, within the Hartree-Fock approximation. To obtain the SC transition temperature $T_{SC}$ and Curie temperature $T_{C}$ we use the Green's functions method. The numerical results show that the singlet SC is eliminated by F, but the triplet SC is either enhanced or depleted by F, depending on the carrier concentration and direction of a superconducting spin pair with respect to magnetization. The kinetic correlation is capable of creating superconductivity. We find that the ferromagnetism created by change of the bandwidth can coexist with singlet superconductivity. In the case of triplet superconductivity the ferromagnetism creates different critical SC temperatures for the $A_{1}$ and $A_{2}$ phase (the pair's spin parallel and antiparallel to magnetization, respectively).
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
The BIG X-ray tail
Creators: name: Ge, Chong
name: Sun, Ming
name: Yagi, Masafumi
name: Fossati, Matteo
name: Forman, William
name: Jáchym, Pavel
name: Churazov, Eugene
name: Zhuravleva, Irina
name: Boselli, Alessandro
name: Jones, Christine
name: Ji, Li
name: Luo, Rongxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy clusters grow primarily through the continuous accretion of group-scale haloes. Group galaxies experience preprocessing during their journey into clusters. A star-bursting compact group, the Blue Infalling Group (BIG), is plunging into the nearby cluster A1367. Previous optical observations reveal rich tidal features in the BIG members, and a long H$α$ trail behind. Here we report the discovery of a projected $\sim 250$ kpc X-ray tail behind the BIG using Chandra and XMM-Newton observations. The total hot gas mass in the tail is $\sim 7\times 10^{10}\ {\rm M}_\odot$ with an X-ray bolometric luminosity of $\sim 3.8\times 10^{41}$ erg s$^{-1}$. The temperature along the tail is $\sim 1$ keV, but the apparent metallicity is very low, an indication of the multi-$T$ nature of the gas. The X-ray and H$α$ surface brightnesses in the front part of the BIG tail follow the tight correlation established from a sample of stripped tails in nearby clusters, which suggests the multiphase gas originates from the mixing of the stripped interstellar medium (ISM) with the hot intracluster medium (ICM). Because thermal conduction and hydrodynamic instabilities are significantly suppressed, the stripped ISM can be long lived and produce ICM clumps. The BIG provides us a rare laboratory to study galaxy transformation and preprocessing.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, MNRAS Letter accepted
Magnetic order in BaFe2As2, the parent compound of the FeAs based superconductors in a new structural family
Creators: name: Huang, Q.
name: Qiu, Y.
name: Bao, Wei
name: Lynn, J. W.
name: Green, M. A.
name: Chen, Y.
name: Wu, T.
name: Wu, G.
name: Chen, X. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In addition to higher Tc compared with the ubiquitous cuprates for a material composed of a single electronically active layer, the newly discovered LnFeAsO superconductors offer additional compositional variation. In a similar fashion to the CuO2 layers in cuprates, the FeAs layers now dominate the electronic states that produce superconductivity. Cuprate superconductors distinguish themselves structurally by adopting different stacking of the Cu-O and electronically inactive "spacer" layers. Using the same structural philosophy, materials with the formula (A,K)Fe2As2,A=Ba or Sr have been reported and possess a Tc~38 K. Here, we report the neutron diffraction studies of BaFe2As2 that shows, in contrast to previous studies on the LnFeAsO materials, an antiferromagnetic transition which concurs with first-order structural transition. Although the magnetic and structural transitions occur differently in the AFe2As2 and LnFeAsO-type materials, this work clearly demonstrates that the complete evolution to a low symmetry structure is a pre-requirement for the magnetic order.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Arbitrating the $S_8$ discrepancy with growth rate measurements from Redshift-Space Distortions
Creators: name: Nunes, Rafael C.
name: Vagnozzi, Sunny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the $Λ$CDM model, measurements from recent Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and weak lensing (WL) surveys have uncovered a $\sim 3σ$ disagreement in the inferred value of the parameter $S_8 \equiv σ_8\sqrt{Ω_m/0.3}$, quantifying the amplitude of late-time matter fluctuations. Before questioning whether the $S_8$ discrepancy calls for new physics, it is important to assess the view of measurements other than CMB and WL ones on the discrepancy. Here, we examine the role of measurements of the growth rate $f(z)$ in arbitrating the $S_8$ discrepancy, considering measurements of $fσ_8(z)$ from Redshift-Space Distortions (RSD). Our baseline analysis combines RSD measurements with geometrical measurements from Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) and Type Ia Supernovae (SNeIa), given the key role of the latter in constraining $Ω_m$. From this combination and within the $Λ$CDM model we find $S_8 = 0.762^{+0.030}_{-0.025}$, and quantify the agreement between RSD+BAO+SNeIa and \textit{Planck} to be at the $2.2σ$ level: the mild disagreement is therefore compatible with a statistical fluctuation. We discuss combinations of RSD measurements with other datasets, including the $E_G$ statistic. This combination increases the discrepancy with \textit{Planck}, but we deem it significantly less robust. Our earlier results are stable against an extension where we allow the dark energy equation of state $w$ to vary. We conclude that, from the point of view of combined growth rate and geometrical measurements, there are hints, but no strong evidence yet, for the \textit{Planck} $Λ$CDM cosmology over-predicting the amplitude of matter fluctuations at redshifts $z \lesssim 1$. From this perspective, it might therefore still be premature to claim the need for new physics from the $S_8$ discrepancy.
description: 13 pages, 1 table, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Zur Anwendung des Optimalitätsprinzips in der Ökotechnologie : Beitrag zur Grundlegung einer nachhaltigen Produktion
Creators: name: Soyez, Konrad
Publisher: name: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Umweltschutz
subject: Technologie
subject: Biotechnologie
subject: Abfallwirtschaft
subject: 620

description: Ziel der Arbeit ist es, das Arbeitsgebiet der Ökotechnologie durch die praxisbezogene Prüfung von ökologischen Prinzipien und ihre Umsetzung im Rahmen des Optimalitätsprinzips zur Prozess- und Verfahrensentwicklung weiter zu fundieren. Das soll auch dazu beitragen, Entscheidungen für die Gestaltung von stoffwandelnden Prozessen sowie deren Einbindung in gesamtgesellschaftliche Prozesse auf einer nachhaltigkeitsbezogenen richigen objektiven Basis und unter jeweiliger Abwägung von Aufwand und Nutzen , gemessen an dem ausgewählten Zielkriterium, zu treffen.
Dominance of Sign Geometry and the Homogeneity of the Fundamental Topological Structure
Creators: name: Horvath, Ivan
name: Alexandru, Andrei
name: Streuer, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and support the possibility that the shape of topological density 2-point function in pure-glue QCD is crucially, and possibly entirely, determined by the space-time folding (geometry) of the double-sheet sign-coherent structure of Ref.[1], while the distribution of topological density within individual sheets only determines the overall magnitude of the correlator at finite physical distances. A specific manifestation of this, discussed here, is that the shape of the correlation function (encoding e.g. the masses of pseudoscalar glueballs) is reproduced upon the replacement q(x) -> sgn(q(x)), i.e. by considering the double sheet of the same space-time geometry but with constant magnitude of topological density. Combined with previous results on the fundamental topological structure, this suggests that a collective degree of freedom describing topological fluctuations of QCD vacuum can be viewed as a global space-filling homogeneous double membrane. Selected possibilities for practical uses of this are discussed.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures. Presentation at Lattice 2008, Williamsburg, VA, USA
Crystal growth of copper-rich ytterbium compounds: The predicted giant unit cell structures YbCu4.4 and YbCu4.25
Creators: name: Gottlieb-Schoenmeyer, Saskia
name: Bruehne, Stefan
name: Ritter, Franz
name: Assmus, Wolf
name: Balanetskyy, Sergiy
name: Feuerbacher, Michael
name: Weber, Thomas
name: Steurer, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two new phases YbCu4.4 and YbCu4.25 are found as a result of careful phase diagram investigations. Between the congruent and peritectic formation of YbCu4.5 and YbCu3.5, respectively, the phases YbCu4.4 and YbCu4.25 are formed peritectically at 934(2)degC and 931(3)degC. Crystal growth was realised using a Bridgman technique and single crystalline grains of about 50-100 10^{-6}m were analyzed by electron diffraction and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Due to the only slight differences in both compositions and formation temperatures the growth of larger single crystals of a defined superstructure is challenging. The compounds YbCu4.4 and YbCu4.25 fit in Cerny`s (J. Solid State Chem. 174 (2003) 125) building principle {(RECu5)n(RECu2)} where RE = Yb with n = 4 and 3. YbCu4.4 and YbCu4.25 base on AuBe5/MgCu2-type substructures and contain approximately 4570 and 2780 atoms per unit cell. The new phases close the gap in the series of known copper-rich rare earth compounds for n = 1, 2 (DyCu3.5, DyCu4.0) and n = 5 (YbCu4.5, DyCu4.5).
Regular Steinhaus graphs of odd degree
Creators: name: Chappelon, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A Steinhaus matrix is a binary square matrix of size $n$ which is symmetric, with diagonal of zeros, and whose upper-triangular coefficients satisfy $a_{i,j}=a_{i-1,j-1}+a_{i-1,j}$ for all $2\leq i
description: 16 pages
Anxiety Disorders among Left-Behind Children in Rural China: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Creators: name: Wang, Yining
Publisher: name: Eliwise Academy
Year: 2023

description:
With rapid urbanization leading to mass adult migration from rural to urban areas in China, a consequential demographic group called left-behind children has emerged. Often left in the care of relatives or on their own, these children experience extended periods of parental absence associated with various mental health implications, notably anxiety disorders. This paper explores anxiety disorders of left-behind Children including depressive symptoms, the effect of COVID-19 and bullying victimization among left-behind children in rural China through literature review. Further, it examines potential interventions from the implementation of online mental health interventions, strengthening community support systems, and policy and financial interventions. Additionally, the paper points towards the potential efficacy of community-based interventions, emphasizing the importance of a multi-pronged approach. The analysis promotes a more thorough investigation into the viability and effectiveness of these interventions, opening the door to better mental health outcomes for underprivileged kids in rural China.
On the chiral anomaly and the Yang-Mills gradient flow
Creators: name: Lüscher, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are currently two singularity-free universal expressions for the topological susceptibility in QCD, one based on the Yang-Mills gradient flow and the other on density-chain correlation functions. While the latter link the susceptibility to the anomalous chiral Ward identities, the gradient flow permits the emergence of the topological sectors in lattice QCD to be understood. Here the two expressions are shown to coincide in the continuum theory, for any number of quark flavours in the range where the theory is asymptotically free.
description: Plain TeX source, 9 pages, no figures
Stationary max-stable fields associated to negative definite functions
Creators: name: Kabluchko, Zakhar
name: Schlather, Martin
name: de Haan, Laurens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G70 (Primary) 60G15 (Secondary)

description: Let $W_i,i\in{\mathbb{N}}$, be independent copies of a zero-mean Gaussian process $\{W(t),t\in{\mathbb{R}}^d\}$ with stationary increments and variance $σ^2(t)$. Independently of $W_i$, let $\sum_{i=1}^{\infty}δ_{U_i}$ be a Poisson point process on the real line with intensity $e^{-y} dy$. We show that the law of the random family of functions $\{V_i(\cdot),i\in{\mathbb{N}}\}$, where $V_i(t)=U_i+W_i(t)-σ^2(t)/2$, is translation invariant. In particular, the process $η(t)=\bigvee_{i=1}^{\infty}V_i(t)$ is a stationary max-stable process with standard Gumbel margins. The process $η$ arises as a limit of a suitably normalized and rescaled pointwise maximum of $n$ i.i.d. stationary Gaussian processes as $n\to\infty$ if and only if $W$ is a (nonisotropic) fractional Brownian motion on ${\mathbb{R}}^d$. Under suitable conditions on $W$, the process $η$ has a mixed moving maxima representation.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AOP455 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Review of synergic meteor observations: linking the results from cameras, ionosondes, infrasound and seismic detectors
Creators: name: Kereszturi, Á.
name: Barta, V.
name: Bondár, I.
name: Czanik, Cs.
name: Igaz, A.
name: Mónus, P.
name: Rezes, D.
name: Szabados, L.
name: Pál, B. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Joint evaluation of different meteor observation types support the better understanding of both the meteor phenomenon and the terrestrial atmosphere. Two types of examples are presented in this work, linking ionospheric effects to specific meteors, where almost one third of the meteors emerged at high altitudes were simultaneously recorded with an optical camera. Very few such observations have been realized yet. With a daytime fireball, the recorded infrasound effect and the atmospheric blast produced shock wave related small earthquakes were identified by a network of ground stations. The overview of these observational types highlights specific topics where substantial improvements and discoveries are expected in the near future.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Program Committees, External Reviewers, List of Authors
Creators: name: Jansen, Klaus
name: Mathieu, Claire
name: Rolim, José D. P.
name: Umans, Chris
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Front Matter
subject: Table of Contents
subject: Preface
subject: Program Committees
subject: External Reviewers
subject: List of Authors

description: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Program Committees, External Reviewers, List of Authors
description: LIPIcs, Vol. 60, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2016), pages 0:i-0:xvi
Marginal regeneration-induced drainage of surface bubbles
Creators: name: Miguet, Jonas
name: Pasquet, Marina
name: Rouyer, Florence
name: Fang, Yuan
name: Rio, Emmanuelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The prediction of the lifetime of surface bubbles necessitates a better understanding of the thinning dynamics of the bubble cap. In 1959, Mysel \textit{et al.} \cite{mysels1959soap}, proposed that \textit{marginal regeneration} i.e. the rise of patches, thinner than the film should be taken into account to describe the film drainage. Nevertheless, an accurate description of these buoyant patches and of their dynamics as well as a quantification of their contribution to the thinning dynamics is still lacking. In this paper, we visualize the patches, and show that their rising velocities and sizes are in good agreement with models respectively based on the balance of gravitational and surface viscous forces and on a Rayleigh-Taylor like instability \cite{Seiwert2017,Shabalina2019}. Our results suggest that, in an environment saturated in humidity, the drainage induced by their dynamics correctly describes the film drainage at the apex of the bubble within the experimental error bars. We conclude that the film thinning of soap bubbles is indeed controlled, to a large extent, by \textit{marginal regeneration} in the absence of evaporation.
Cloud mapping from the earth’s surface using an infrared radiance contrast technique
Creators: name: Hertzman, Owen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The assumptions and performance of an infrared radiance contrast method for mapping clouds from the earth's surface are evaluated, with a view to using the technique for objective cloud observation. The sky is observed using a narrow view infrared window radiometer and a scanning mirror system. The radiometer signal is discriminated into 3 cloud categories (low, middle and high) and clear sky, using the assumption that cloudbase radiance decreases unambiguously with height. The discrimination radiances are obtained by modelling clouds representative of marginal conditions, in a range of atmospheres. A multilayer wavenumber specific infrared radiative transfer model is used. Once discriminated, the radiance data are mapped in polar coordinates and compared with simultaneous all-sky photographs both qualitatively and quantitatively. The latter involves gridding both maps and photos and comparing them using contingency matrices. Cloud amount, integrated by height class over the sky hemisphere, is also used for map/photo comparison. Cloud maps for 5 days in July 1978 indicate the mapping technique shows promise under a wide range of sky conditions (including cirrus, cumulus and layered cloud situations) but that certain problems remain to be solved. On some days large map errors may occur because of rapid changes in the clear sky radiance (which affect the values of the discrimination radiances). The quality of the maps degrades rapidly with time after their creation because of the effects of cloud motions during the scanning of the sky. This loss of quality does not in general make the maps useless for synoptic analysis purposes, but the time interval at which they must be made for such use is about 20 minutes, 1/3 the current standard hourly interval for network cloud observations. The only rejected assumption of the technique (as stated in Werner (1972, 1973a,b)) is that clear sky radiances need only be computed twice a year for a given location. Changes in water vapour mixing ratio over time scales from hours to weeks cause changes in the clear sky radiance over these same scales. To adequately map high and middle clouds, and improve the mapping of low clouds, these changes must be included in the mapping methodology. Some options to implement this suggestion are examined here, others are suggested for future work.
Ion-Driven Instabilities in the Inner Heliosphere I: Statistical Trends
Creators: name: Martinovic, Mihailo M.
name: Klein, Kristopher G.
name: Durovcova, Tereza
name: Alterman, Benjamin L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Instabilities described by linear theory characterize an important form of wave-particle interaction in the solar wind. We diagnose unstable behavior of solar wind plasma between 0.3 and 1 au via the Nyquist criterion, applying it to fits of $\sim1.5$M proton and $α$ particle Velocity Distribution Functions (VDFs) observed by \emph{Helios I} and \emph{II}. The variation of the fraction of unstable intervals with radial distance from the Sun is linear, signaling a gradual decline in the activity of unstable modes. When calculated as functions of the solar wind velocity and Coulomb number, we obtain more extreme, exponential trends in the regions where collisions appear to have a notable influence on the VDF. Instability growth rates demonstrate similar behavior, and significantly decrease with Coulomb number. We find that, for a non-negligible fraction of observations, the proton beam or secondary component might not be detected due to instrument resolution limitations, and demonstrate that the impact of this issue does not affect the main conclusions of this work.
Exploring Stigma and Black Mental Health on Twitter
Creators: name: Pendleton, Shanetta M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023

description:
Studies have shown that normalizing conversations about mental health on social media can influence behavior and reduce mental health disparities in minority populations. Using a computational analysis of 169,936 publicly available tweets, this study sought to examine how social media users communicate about Black mental health on Twitter, and who is adding to the conversations surrounding mental health. Findings provide evidence of mental health awareness frames being the most prevalent in the data, and although treatment frames have been shown to reduce stigma, terms related to mental health treatment were not as prevalent. Findings also suggest that mental health conversations are framed in the context of historical trauma and injustice and its impact on the mental health of Black communities. Despite celebrities, influencers, and mental health providers having a positive influence on mental health behaviors, results show that everyday individuals were the majority contributing to mental health conversations. The findings suggest the need for culturally and politically appropriate mental health interventions and assessments and discusses implications for the immersion of mental health providers in Black digital spaces.
Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect and thermal light ghost imaging
Creators: name: Wang, Li-Gang
name: Qamar, Sajid
name: Zhu, Shi-Yao
name: Zubairy, M. Suhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the essential physics of the Hanbury Brown-Twiss (HBT) and the thermal light ghost imaging experiments is the same, i.e., due to the intensity fluctuations of the thermal light. However, in the ghost imaging experiments, a large number of bits information needs to be treated together, whereas in the HBT there is only one bit information required to be obtained. In the HBT experiment far field is used for the purpose of easy detection, while in the ghost image experiment near (or not-far) field is used for good quality image.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Solutions to the Yang-Baxter equations with $osp_q(1|2)$ symmetry: Lax operators
Creators: name: Karakhanyan, D.
name: Khachatryan, Sh.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find a new $4\times4$ solution to the $osp_q(1|2)$-invariant Yang-Baxter equation with simple dependence on the spectral parameter and propose $2\times 2$ matrix expressions for the corresponding Lax operator. The general inhomogeneous universal spectral-parameter dependent $R$-matrix is derived. It is proven, that there are two independent solutions to the homogeneous $osp_q(1|2)$-invariant YBE, defined on the fundamental three dimensional representations. One of them is the particular case of the universal matrix, while the second one does not admit generalization to the higher dimensional cases. Also the $3 \times 3$ matrix expression of the Lax operator is found, which have a well defined limit at $q \to 1$.
description: 22 pages; references added, minor corrections done
ANALYSIS ON THE PROBABLE CAUSES OF THE FAILURE OF A PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE IN FLORIDA (in Bulgarian)
Creators: name: Pavlov, Ivan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90502 Construction Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: 90506 Structural Engineering

description: In the present article an analysis of the hypotheses of the probable causes for the collapse of a pedestrian bridge in Florida during its execution is conducted. A view of the author about of the failure’s cause is also presented
Spacetimes with continuous linear isotropies III: null rotations
Creators: name: MacCallum, M. A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that in many cases local null rotation invariance of the curvature and its first derivatives is sufficient to ensure there is an isometry group G with dimension at least 3 acting on (a neighbourhood of) the spacetime and containing a null rotation isotropy. Invariance of the second derivatives is additionally required to ensure this conclusion in Petrov type N Einstein spacetimes, spacetimes containing "pure radiation" (a Ricci tensor of Segre type [(11,2)]), and conformally flat spacetimes with a Ricci tensor of Segre type [1(11,1)] (a "tachyon fluid").
description: Formatted for submission to General Relativity and Gravitation. Parts I and II accepted there and in press
Partial Order Algorithms for the Assessment of Italian Cities Sustainability
Creators: name: Arcagni, Alberto
name: Cavalli, Laura
name: Fattore, Marco
name: Arcagni, Alberto
name: Cavalli, Laura
name: Fattore, Marco
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Partially Ordered Set
subject: Syntethic Indcators
subject: Multi-indicator Systems

description: In this paper, we introduce some recent non-aggregative algorithms, for the construction of synthetic indicators on multi-indicators systems, and exemplify them on data pertaining to the sustainability of main Italian cities. The procedure employs tools from Partial Order Theory and computes the final synthetic scores, without the compensation effects of classical composite indicators, so better preserving the nuances of city sustainability. Since turning multi-indicator systems into single synthetic indicators is unavoidably forcing, the procedure provides also ways to assess the degrees of “rankability” of statistical units, so to help researchers evaluating the soundness of the synthesis process. The algorithms introduced in the paper can be easily implemented, using the package Parsec, freely available in the R ecosystem.
Another Correction. Error estimates for Binomial approximations of game options
Creators: name: Dolinsky, Yan
name: Kifer, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 91B28 (Primary) 60F15, 91A05 (Secondary)

description: The Annals of Applied Probability 16 (2006) 984--1033 [URL: http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aoap/1151592257]
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AAP479 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Distribution of the total angular momentum in relativistic configurations
Creators: name: Poirier, Michel
name: Pain, Jean-Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is devoted to the analysis of the distribution of the total angular momentum in a relativistic configuration. Using cumulants and generating function formalism this analysis can be reduced to the study of individual subshells with $N$ equivalent electrons of momentum $j$. An expression as a nth-derivative is provided for the generating function of the $J$ distribution and efficient recurrence relations are established. It is shown that this distribution may be represented by a Gram-Charlier-like series which is derived from the corresponding series for the magnetic quantum number distribution. The numerical efficiency of this expansion is fair when the configuration consists of several subshells, while the accuracy is less good when only one subshell is involved. An analytical expression is given for the odd-order momenta while the even-order ones are expressed as a series which provides an acceptable accuracy though being not convergent. Such expressions may be used to obtain approximate values for the number of transitions in a spin-orbit split array: it is shown that the approximation is often efficient when few terms are kept, while some complex cases require to include a large number of terms.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures
The Impact of an Oxygen Dopant in an ideal Bi-2212 Crystal
Creators: name: Johnston, S.
name: Vernay, F.
name: Devereaux, T. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent scanning tunneling microscopy studies have shown that local nanoscale pairing inhomogenities are correlated with interstitial oxygen dopants in Bi-2212. Combining electrostatic and cluster calculations, in this paper the impact of a dopant on the local Madelung and charge transfer energies, magnetic exchange J, Zhang-Rice mobility, and interactions with the lattice is investigated. It is found that electrostatic modifications locally increases the charge transfer energy and slightly suppresses J. It is further shown that coupling to c-axis phonons is strongly modified near the dopant. The combined effects of electrostatic modifications and coupling to the lattice yield broadened spectral features, reduced charge gap energies, and a sizable local increase of J. This implies a strong local interplay between antiferromagnetism, polarons, and superconducting pairing.
description: 4 figures
title: Towards transdisciplinary identification of suitable woody perennials for resilient agro-silvopastoral systems in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of West Africa
Creators: name: Roessler, Regina
name: Cicek, Harun
name: Cournac, Laurent
name: Gnissien, Moussa
name: Männle, Julia
name: Koomson, Eric
name: Founoune-Mboup, Hassna
name: Coulibaly, Kalifa
name: Diouf, Abdoul Aziz
name: Sanon, Hadja Oumou
name: Cadisch, Georg
name: Graefe, Sophie
Publisher: name: KOBRA Universität Kassel
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: crops
subject: interaction
subject: livestock
subject: meta-analysis
subject: parkland
subject: integrated modelling
classificationCode: 630
subject: 630
classificationCode: Westafrika
subject: Westafrika
classificationCode: Kulturpflanzen
subject: Kulturpflanzen
classificationCode: Interaktion
subject: Interaktion
classificationCode: Nutztiere
subject: Nutztiere
classificationCode: Feld-Wald-Weide-System
subject: Feld-Wald-Weide-System

description:
Parkland systems in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of West Africa are commonly perceived as a resilient agroforestry practice well adapted to the semi-arid climatic conditions of the region. However, there exist several knowledge gaps regarding the interplay between the different components of this agro-silvopastoral land use system. A literature review with subsequent meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of woody perennials on soil, crops and livestock, for which our study found very context-specific responses. A scoring of tree and shrub species indicated a general trend of trade-off between positive impact on crops and livestock vs. impact on soil organic carbon content. The study further confirmed that Faidherbia albida (Del.) Chev. is one of the most promising parkland species, but also revealed that there are no multipurpose single species that should be promoted exclusively. The focus should rather shift to species mixtures that satisfy multiple human and environmental needs. The study also pointed out that information on the nutritional properties of the majority of browse species is particularly limited. Transdisciplinary modelling is suggested as a tool to assess the complex interactions between the different components that shape this agro-silvopastoral system at different scales.