cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Venticinquemila buchi neri supermassicci per LoFar
Creators: Ufficio stampa Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Un team internazionale di astronomi guidato da Francesco de Gasperin dell’Università di Amburgo, e del quale fanno parte anche ricercatrici e ricercatori dell’Istituto nazionale di astrofisica e dell’Università di Bologna, ha prodotto grazie alle osservazioni del radiotelescopio LoFar la più grande e nitida mappa del cielo a frequenze radio ultra-basse. La mappa rivela più di 25 mila buchi neri supermassicci attivi in galassie lontane
Healing Spaces: Feasibility of a Multisensory Experience for Older Adults with Advanced Dementia and their Caregivers
Creators: name: Gomes, Gabriela Purri R.
name: Rubin, Sydney
name: Duker, Leah I. Stein
name: Benton, Donna
name: Kratky, Andreas
name: Chen, Sze Yu A
name: Jordan-Marsh, Maryalice
name: Gotsis, Marientina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Healing Spaces proposes a new approach to multisensory interventions that show potential in ameliorating the behavioral and psychological symptoms of advanced dementia in older adults. Using smart technology, the project combines both digital and physical components to transform spaces and create unified, curated sensory experiences that provide meaningful context for interaction, and are easy for caregivers to deliver. A usability study was conducted for the Healing Spaces app followed by a feasibility evaluation of the full experience in a memory care facility recruiting caregivers, and residents in advanced stages of dementia. The feasibility evaluation successfully illuminated strengths as well as areas for improvement for the Healing Spaces experience in a memory care setting with older adults with advanced dementia. Caregivers and facility managers expressed interest in continuing to use Healing Spaces with the residents of the facility. Lessons learned about the technical and logistical implementation of Healing Spaces are discussed, as well as future directions for study design and potential therapeutic value of the experience.
description: PETRA 20: Proceedings of the 13th ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments. June 2020. Article No 24. Pages 1 to 9
Phase-Dependent Properties of Extrasolar Planet Atmospheres
Creators: name: Barman, Travis S.
name: Hauschildt, Peter H.
name: Allard, France
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently the Spitzer Space Telescope observed the transiting extrasolar planets, TrES-1 and HD209458b. These observations have provided the first estimates of the day side thermal flux from two extrasolar planets orbiting Sun-like stars. In this paper, synthetic spectra from atmospheric models are compared to these observations. The day-night temperature difference is explored and phase-dependent flux densities are predicted for both planets. For HD209458b and TrES-1, models with significant day-to-night energy redistribution are required to reproduce the observations. However, the observational error bars are large and a range of models remains viable.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Efficiency and Technological Progress in the Chinese Agriculture: the Role of FDI
Creators: name: Li, Quan
name: Wahl, Thomas I.
name: Li, Quan
name: Wahl, Thomas I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: International Development

description: This study analyzes the role of foreign direct investment in contributing to regional differences in productive efficiency in Chinese agriculture. We use a stochastic frontier production function model, explicitly incorporating foreign capital, to investigate the relative performance of the aggregate agricultural sector across provinces and over time. Thus we can determine if foreign direct investment policies might reasonably be expected to change the competitive environment of regional agricultural sector. We calculate an index of productive efficiency and estimate the determinants of regional variations in it.
Spostando Cygnus X-1 più in là
Creators: Paolo Soletta
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Un team di astronomi guidato da James Miller-Jones dell’Icrar ha osservato Cygnus X-1 (un sistema che ospita il primo buco nero mai confermato) con il Very Long Baseline Array. Confrontando i dati recenti con quelli meno recenti ha scoperto che il buco nero e la sua stella compagna sono molto più lontani e significativamente più massicci di quanto si pensasse. I risultati su Science
Perseverance, il rover è sul suolo marziano
Creators: Ufficio stampa Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Atterraggio riuscito. Poco prima delle 22 ora italiana, con un ritardo di circa 666 secondi dovuto al tempo impiegato dal segnale per coprire alla velocità della luce i 200 milioni di km che ci separano da Marte, il centro di controllo del Jet Propulsion Laboratory della Nasa ha ricevuto dal rover Perseverance l’agognato messaggio: touchdown confirmed! Gli “occhi” del Sardinia Deep Space Antenna, situato in provincia di Cagliari, hanno monitorato l’ammartaggio
Finite-size fluctuations and photon statistics near the polariton condensation transition in a single-mode microcavity
Creators: name: Eastham, P. R.
name: Littlewood, P. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider polariton condensation in a generalized Dicke model, describing a single-mode cavity containing quantum dots, and extend our previous mean-field theory to allow for finite-size fluctuations. Within the fluctuation-dominated regime the correlation functions differ from their (trivial) mean-field values. We argue that the low-energy physics of the model, which determines the photon statistics in this fluctuation-dominated crossover regime, is that of the (quantum) anharmonic oscillator. The photon statistics at the crossover are different in the high- and low- temperature limits. When the temperature is high enough for quantum effects to be neglected we recover behavior similar to that of a conventional laser. At low enough temperatures, however, we find qualitatively different behavior due to quantum effects.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures. v2: Revised version with minor corrections (typos, added reference, correction in argument following Eq. 25). v3: further typos corrected
Directed Graphs from Exact Covering Systems
Creators: name: Neidmann, Dana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given an exact covering system $S = \{a_i$ (mod $d_i$) $: 1 \leq i \leq r\}$, we introduce the corresponding exact covering system digraph (ECSD) $G_S = G(d_1n+a_1, \ldots, d_rn+a_r)$. The vertices of $G_S$ are the integers and the edges are $(n, d_in+a_i)$ for each $n \in \mathbb{Z}$ and for each congruence in the covering system. We study the structure of these directed graphs, which have finitely many components, one cycle per component, as well as indegree 1 and outdegree $r$ at each vertex. We also explore the link between ECSDs that have a single component and non-standard digital representations of integers.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures
Agile fa luce sulla “foresta” dei lampi radio veloci
Creators: Ufficio stampa Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Sempre più forte il legame tra alcuni tipi di lampi radio veloci e le magnetar – stelle di neutroni dal campo magnetico particolarmente intenso. Lo conferma un nuovo studio basato su osservazioni effettuate dal satellite italiano Agile di un lampo radio veloce molto speciale registrato lo scorso aprile, il primo evento di questo tipo che ha dato luogo anche a un lampo di raggi X
1401: Pte Edward Robert "Bobby" Budd
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: In 1914, Edward Robert "Bobby" Budd (seen in the centre of the photograph) was living in Kennington, South London. He volunteered to join the Territorial Army (4th London Regiment) and saw active service in France and Flanders, Belgium. He was believed to have been killed in a bayonet charge on 27th April 1915.
In a letter dated 19th May 1915 (see image), the War Office informed Bobby's mother, Ellen Budd, of his death. He has no known grave and is named among the more than 50,000 soldiers inscribed on the Menin Gate at Ypres, Belgium.
Là dove stanno i rover
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Aspettando l’arrivo di Perseverance, il rover della Nasa che tra poche ore scenderà sul suolo marziano, diamo uno sguardo agli abitanti robotici del Pianeta rosso: rover e lander che hanno fatto, e stanno facendo, la storia dell’esplorazione del pianeta, per capire se in passato ha ospitato la vita e, soprattutto, se potrà presto accogliere la nostra
THE ILLUSION OF CONTROL, COGNITIVE DISSONANCE AND FARMER PERCEPTION OF GM CROPS
Creators: name: Just, David R.
name: Roberts, Michael J.
name: Just, David R.
name: Roberts, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: We examine the correlation between farmers' beliefs and practices regarding GM crops with yield shocks from the previous year the crop was grown. Farmers who may have had poor yields due to weather, were more likely to change adoption decisions. Yields marginally affect farmers' beliefs regarding the EU ban on GMO's, or the adverse environmental affects of GM crops. This behavior is consistent with many known psychological biases.
Detective su Marte, in cerca di tracce di vita
Creators: Claudia Mignone
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Mancano ormai poche ore all'arrivo del rover Perserverance sulla superficie di Marte. Tra i ricercatori del team scientifico che staranno col fiato sospeso durante i “sette minuti di terrore“ che precedono l'atterraggio c'è anche la ricercatrice napoletana Teresa Fornaro dell'Inaf di Firenze, una dei tredici “Mars 2020 participating scientists” nel mondo. Media Inaf l'ha intervistata
1452: Princess Mary Gift Fund 1914 Box
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: The Princess Mary Gift Fund box is an embossed brass box that originally contained a variety of items such as tobacco and chocolate. It was intended as a Christmas present to those serving at Christmas in 1914 and was paid for by a public fund backed by Princess Mary.
Multi-Sensor Next-Best-View Planning as Matroid-Constrained Submodular Maximization
Creators: name: Lauri, Mikko
name: Pajarinen, Joni
name: Peters, Jan
name: Frintrop, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: 3D scene models are useful in robotics for tasks such as path planning, object manipulation, and structural inspection. We consider the problem of creating a 3D model using depth images captured by a team of multiple robots. Each robot selects a viewpoint and captures a depth image from it, and the images are fused to update the scene model. The process is repeated until a scene model of desired quality is obtained. Next-best-view planning uses the current scene model to select the next viewpoints. The objective is to select viewpoints so that the images captured using them improve the quality of the scene model the most. In this paper, we address next-best-view planning for multiple depth cameras. We propose a utility function that scores sets of viewpoints and avoids overlap between multiple sensors. We show that multi-sensor next-best-view planning with this utility function is an instance of submodular maximization under a matroid constraint. This allows the planning problem to be solved by a polynomial-time greedy algorithm that yields a solution within a constant factor from the optimal. We evaluate the performance of our planning algorithm in simulated experiments with up to 8 sensors, and in real-world experiments using two robot arms equipped with depth cameras.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters
Qui scenderà Perseverance
Creators: Valentina Guglielmo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Andiamo a conoscere – grazie alle immagini e alle infografiche dell’Agenzia spaziale europea – il cratere del Pianeta rosso in cui domani, giovedì 18 febbraio, il rover del programma della Nasa Mars 2020 Perseverance scenderà per cominciare la sua avventura
Noncommutative instantons from twisted conformal symmetries
Creators: name: Landi, Giovanni
name: van Suijlekom, Walter D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a five-parameter family of gauge-nonequivalent SU(2) instantons on a noncommutative four sphere $S_θ^4$ and of topological charge equal to -1. These instantons are critical points of a gauge functional and satisfy self-duality equations with respect to a Hodge star operator on forms on $S_θ^4$. They are obtained by acting with a twisted conformal symmetry on a basic instanton canonically associated with a noncommutative instanton bundle on the sphere. A completeness argument for this family is obtained by means of index theorems. The dimension of the ``tangent space'' to the moduli space is computed as the index of a twisted Dirac operator and turns out to be equal to five, a number that survives deformation.
description: 47 pages. Latex. v3; major changes, parts rewritten. Published in CMP
1373: Lieutenant Thomas Cunningham (RNVR)
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: Lieutenant Thomas Cunningham was a whaling captain as a young man. Later he was a captain of a merchant ship. He finally become a pilot on the River Tay, guiding ships to and from Dundee docks. In July 1915, Thomas was granted a commission in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR). By that time, he had spent twelve years in the Royal Naval Reserve. Three of Thomas' sons served during the war: Malcolm, who had spent four years in the navy; Thomas Jnr, member of the Black Watch; and Roderick, Royal Field Artillery.
Il touchdown di Perseverance minuto per minuto
Creators: Paolo Soletta
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

In occasione dell’imminente discesa del rover Perseverance sul suolo di Marte, la Nasa mette a disposizione degli appassionati di tutto il mondo le sue risorse multimediali. Dalla diretta dell'evento ai briefing con i manager della missione, passando per tutti i principali social fino ai selfie con Perseverance, le possibilità sono tante. Ma ci sono anche numerose proposte in italiano, a partire dai percorsi didattici preparati da Edu Inaf
INCREASED RESERVOIR BENEFITS: THE CONTRIBUTION OF SOIL CONSERVATION PROGRAMS
Creators: name: Hansen, LeRoy T.
name: Hellerstein, Daniel
name: Hansen, LeRoy T.
name: Hellerstein, Daniel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The objective of this research is to value soil conservation's impact on reservoirs. Using a model based on replacement cost, we estimate the benefits gained by marginal decreases in soil erosion for more than 75,000 reservoirs across the contiguous States. We aggregate benefits across the reservoirs within each of the 2,111 U.S watersheds in order to produce regional benefit estimates. Results show that a one-ton reduction in soil erosion provides benefits ranging from zero to $1.67. Our estimated model can be used to assess conservation benefits. For example, the lower level of soil erosion in 1997, relative to the 1982 level, preserved $139 million in reservoir benefits.
Counterfactual Thermodynamics: Extracting work from a lack of macroscopic change
Creators: name: Ghonge, Sushrut
name: Vural, Dervis Can
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A sudden change in the macroscopic parameters of a system will cause it to depart from equilibrium. In this paper we study how a lack of change can also inform of such a departure, and allow for work extraction. Potential events that are unrealized can provide information pertaining the microstates of the system, essentially playing the role of a passive Maxwell demon, thereby allowing one to infer details about the microstate probability distribution. Here, we first qualitatively argue that this effect is present and consequential in almost every physical system, but is ignored in the standard formulation of equilibrium statistical mechanics. Then, as a case study, we quantitatively investigate the local and global thermodynamic properties of an ideal gas placed in a fragile container that nevertheless, does not burst. This non-event indicates a departure from equilibrium and allows work extraction from the system. It also leads to corrections to the heat capacity of the gas.
DEVELOPMENT OF MARGINAL COST DISTRIBUTIONS IN DAIRY PRODUCTION REGIONS OF THE EU
Creators: name: Wieck, Christine
name: Heckelei, Thomas
name: Wieck, Christine
name: Heckelei, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper analyses differences and development of regional distribution of marginal costs of dairy production in the EU and how they are affected by structural change in the dairy sector and different national quota regimes. The empirical analysis employs multiple-input-multiple output cost functions, estimated using an unbalanced panel data set of the European Farm Accountancy Data Network. The results show marginal costs for different types of dairy farms and the distribution of marginal costs across farms within the region. A clear tendency towards a more balanced distribution of marginal costs within the regions can be found whereas the impact of different quota regimes on this development remains vague.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/13/04.
Pillola rossa o pillola blu?
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Un nuovo algoritmo ideato da uno scienziato del Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory del Dipartimento dell’energia degli Stati Uniti, capace di prevedere in modo accurato le orbite dei pianeti nel Sistema solare senza conoscere le leggi della fisica, potrebbe essere adattato per prevedere e controllare il comportamento del plasma che alimenta gli impianti di fusione nucleare sulla Terra. Ma il processo solleva interrogativi sulla natura stessa della scienza
Strain phase diagram and domain orientation in SrTiO$_3$ thin films
Creators: name: He, Feizhou
name: Wells, B. O.
name: Shapiro, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SrTiO$_3$ thin films were used as a model system to study the effects of strain and epitaxial constraint on structural phase transitions of perovskite films. The basic phenomena revealed will apply to a variety of important structural transitions including the ferroelectric transition. Highly strained SrTiO$_3$ films were grown on different substrates, providing both compressive and tensile strain. The measured strain-temperature phase diagram is qualitatively consistent with theory, however the increase in the phase transition temperature is much larger than predicted. Due to the epitaxial strain and substrate clamping, the SrTiO$_3$ lattice is tetragonal at all temperatures. The phase transitions involve only changes in internal symmetry. The low temperature phase under tensile strain has a unique structure with orthorhombic $Cmcm$ space group but a tetragonal lattice, an interesting consequence of epitaxial constraint.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Avvistata al Tng una coppia di pianeti contromano
Creators: Redazione Media Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Il sistema planetario K2-290 ospita due esopianeti in orbita retrograda rispetto al senso di rotazione della stella madre. Alla scoperta, pubblicata su Pnas, hanno contribuito i dati acquisiti al Telescopio nazionale Galileo dell’Inaf con lo spettrografo Harps-N, protagonista delle prime osservazioni del sistema
CREDIT RISK MIGRATION EXPERIENCED BY AGRICULTURAL LENDERS
Creators: name: Gloy, Brent A.
name: LaDue, Eddy L.
name: Gunderson, Michael A.
name: Gloy, Brent A.
name: LaDue, Eddy L.
name: Gunderson, Michael A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: credit risk
subject: agricultural lending
subject: credit risk migration
subject: credit quality

description: Loan records and lender credit risk classifications are used to examine agricultural credit risk migration. The results include estimates of the likelihood of borrowers transitioning among five credit risk tiers. The paper also examines factors that influence or predict credit risk migration and its impact on loan pricing.
Diffuse gamma-ray emission from the vicinity of young massive star cluster RSGC 1
Creators: name: Sun, Xiao-Na
name: Yang, Rui-Zhi
name: Wang, Xiang-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) detection of the gamma-ray emission towards the young massive star cluster RSGC 1. Using the latest source catalog and diffuse background models, we found that the diffuse gamma-ray emission in this region can be resolved into three different components. The GeV gamma-ray emission from the region HESS J1837-069 has a photon index of 1.83 $\pm$ 0.08. Combining with the HESS and MAGIC data, we argue that the gamma-ray emission in this region likely originate from a pulsar wind nebula (PWN). The gamma-ray emission from the northwest part (region A) can be modelled by an ellipse with the semimajor and semiminor axis of 0.5$^{\circ}$ and 0.25$^{\circ}$, respectively. The GeV emission has a hard spectrum with a photon index of 2.05 $\pm$ 0.02 and is partially coincide with the TeV source MAGIC J1835-069. The possible origin of the gamma-ray emission in this region is the interaction of the cosmic rays (CRs) accelerated by SNR G24.7+0.6 or/and the OB cluster G25.18+0.26 with the surrounding gas clouds. The GeV gamma-ray emission from the southeast region (region B) can be modeled as an ellipse with the semimajor and semiminor axis of 0.9$^{\circ}$ and 0.5$^{\circ}$, respectively, and also reveals a hard gamma-ray spectrum. We argue that the most probable origin is the interaction of the accelerated protons in the young massive star cluster RSGC 1 with ambient gas clouds, and the total cosmic-ray (CR) proton energy is estimated to be as high as $\sim$ 1x10$^{50}$ erg.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables. published in MNRAS
IS EQUITY A CONSTRAINT? APPLICATIONS TO BLOCK RATE AND OTHER PRICING SCHEMES WITH HETEROGENEOUS USERS
Creators: name: Schoengold, Karina
name: Zilberman, David
name: Schoengold, Karina
name: Zilberman, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: In this paper, we model the trade-off between equity and efficiency in a market for a resource when users of that resource are heterogeneous. We develop the analytical model, and show that under certain circumstances efficiency can be achieved in a manner that also reduces inequality. We also illustrate these results through the use of simulation methods.
1408: Capt. (A1 Maj.) Grahame Williamson
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: The items include:
- Note confirming appointment of Grahame as an Officer in the Royal Army Veterinary Corps on 7th February 1914. - Letters from Grahame to his "Aunt Kate." - Letter from the Secretary of State for War, Winston Churchill, notifying Grahame that he was mentioned in a despatch from Lieutenant General W. R. Marshall on 15th April 1918.
Multiple Description Quantization via Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization
Creators: name: Chen, Jun
name: Tian, Chao
name: Berger, Toby
name: Hemami, Sheila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The multiple description (MD) problem has received considerable attention as a model of information transmission over unreliable channels. A general framework for designing efficient multiple description quantization schemes is proposed in this paper. We provide a systematic treatment of the El Gamal-Cover (EGC) achievable MD rate-distortion region, and show that any point in the EGC region can be achieved via a successive quantization scheme along with quantization splitting. For the quadratic Gaussian case, the proposed scheme has an intrinsic connection with the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization, which implies that the whole Gaussian MD rate-distortion region is achievable with a sequential dithered lattice-based quantization scheme as the dimension of the (optimal) lattice quantizers becomes large. Moreover, this scheme is shown to be universal for all i.i.d. smooth sources with performance no worse than that for an i.i.d. Gaussian source with the same variance and asymptotically optimal at high resolution. A class of low-complexity MD scalar quantizers in the proposed general framework also is constructed and is illustrated geometrically; the performance is analyzed in the high resolution regime, which exhibits a noticeable improvement over the existing MD scalar quantization schemes.
description: 48 pages; submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Composite dark matter from 4th generation
Creators: name: Khlopov, Maxim Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hypothesis of heavy stable quark of 4th family can provide a nontrivial solution for cosmological dark matter if baryon asymmetry in 4th family has negative sign and the excess of anti-U quarks with charge (-2/3) is generated in early Universe. Excessive anti-U antiquarks form (\bar U \bar U \bar U) antibaryons with electric charge -2, which are all captured by ^4He and trapped in [^4He^{++}(\bar U \bar U \bar U)^{--}] O-helium (OHe) ``atom'', as soon as He-4 is formed in Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. Interaction of O-helium with nuclei opens new path to creation heavy nuclides in Big Bang nucleosynthesis. Due to large mass of U quark, (OHe) ``atomic'' gas decouples from baryonic matter and plays the role of dark matter in large scale structure formation with structures in small scales being suppressed. Owing to nuclear interaction with matter cosmic O-helium from galactic dark matter halo are slowed down in Earth below the thresholds of underground dark matter detectors. However, experimental test of this hypothesis is possible in search for (OHe) in balloon-borne experiments and for $U$ hadrons in cosmic rays and accelerators. (OHe) ``atoms'' might form anomalous isotopes and can cause cold nuclear transformations in matter, offering possible way to exclude (or prove?) their existence.
description: 4 pages
The Art of CPU-Pinning: Evaluating and Improving the Performance of Virtualization and Containerization Platforms
Creators: name: Samani, Davood Ghatreh
name: Denninnart, Chavit
name: Bacik, Josef
name: Salehi, Mohsen Amini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Operating Systems (cs.OS)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cloud providers offer a variety of execution platforms in form of bare-metal, VM, and containers. However, due to the pros and cons of each execution platform, choosing the appropriate platform for a specific cloud-based application has become a challenge for solution architects. The possibility to combine these platforms (e.g. deploying containers within VMs) offers new capacities that makes the challenge even further complicated. However, there is a little study in the literature on the pros and cons of deploying different application types on various execution platforms. In particular, evaluation of diverse hardware configurations and different CPU provisioning methods, such as CPU pinning, have not been sufficiently studied in the literature. In this work, the performance overhead of container, VM, and bare-metal execution platforms are measured and analyzed for four categories of real-world applications, namely video processing, parallel processing (MPI), web processing, and No-SQL, respectively representing CPU intensive, parallel processing, and two IO intensive processes. Our analyses reveal a set of interesting and sometimes counterintuitive findings that can be used as best practices by the solution architects to efficiently deploy cloud-based applications. Here are some notable mentions: (A) Under specific circumstances, containers can impose a higher overhead than VMs; (B) Containers on top of VMs can mitigate the overhead of VMs for certain applications; (C) Containers with a large number of cores impose a lower overhead than those with a few cores.
Stochastic Frontier Efficiency Analysis of Agribusiness Trucking Companies
Creators: name: Allen, Albert J.
name: Fuentes, Porfirio A.
name: Shaik, Saleem
name: Allen, Albert J.
name: Fuentes, Porfirio A.
name: Shaik, Saleem
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Public Economics

description: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the technical efficiency of trucking carriers on a national basis by commodity groups for the year 2001. In this analysis, the efficiency measures are estimated using stochastic frontier analysis. Results reveal efficiency measures of trucking carriers vary by the commodity transported but might not be statistically significant in this analysis
Modulation of respiratory rhythm and pattern in rana catesbeiana the bullfrog
Creators: name: Meier, Janice T.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The present study examined the role of neurons in the optic tectum in the formation of the periodic, episodic breathing pattern in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. The first objective of the present study was to search for the presence of an "episodic centre", via progressive transections through the optic tectum of a decerebrate, artificially-ventilated in situ preparation. The results of these experiments revealed that the rostral optic tectum provides inhibitory, and the mid-optic tectum excitatory inputs to medullary centres, with respect to breathing frequency. Furthermore, the latter region also modulates burst pattern (providing an inhibitory input), as well as respiratory pattern, in concert with peripheral feedback from the vagus nerve. More specifically, following transections through the mid-optic tectum, the episodic breathing pattern was converted to one of evenly-spaced single breaths. In animals with at least one vagus intact, lung inflation restored the episodes. The caudal optic tectum, like the mid-region, appeared to influence both breathing pattern, as well as a component of burst pattern. Following transections at this level, the average burst duration increased significantly, while the integrated activity was not significantly altered. With respect to breathing pattern, the episodic breathing pattern was converted to one of evenly-spaced single breaths, although the overall breathing frequency was not changed significantly. The episodes could not be restored by lung inflation, suggesting that the vagal input which resulted in the reappearance of episodes following transections in the mid-optic tectum, acted rostral to the site of the caudal transection of the optic tectum. The possibility that an "episodic . centre" was located in the caudal optic tectum was refuted in one preparation in which episodes were observed following a transection at both the caudal optic tectum and rostral spinal cord. This suggested the presence of a neuronal input arising caudal to the site of transection in the spinal cord. Episodes re-occurred when this input was removed with only the medulla intact. These results implied that the centre(s) responsible for the formation of episodes exists not within the optic tectum, but rather within the medulla. A second objective of the present study was to examine the medulla of the bullfrog brain for the presence of multiple central rhythm generators for breathing. While recording from both the Vth and Xth cranial nerves, transections were made between the two, following which all neural activity from both nerves ceased. This suggested the presence of a centre, at the site of the transections, which is essential for the production of respiratory rhythm in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana.
A TWO-SHOCK MODEL OF THE IMPACT OF CROP INSURANCE ON INPUT USE: ANALYTIC AND SIMULATION RESULTS
Creators: name: Liu, Yanyan
name: Black, J. Roy
name: Liu, Yanyan
name: Black, J. Roy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: By altering the probability distribution of farm income, crop insurance programs affect farmer's input use decision. Ramaswami's (1993) one-shock model analyzed the effect of the crop insurance on single input use by allowing the randomness of yield while keeping price constant in revenue determination. The total effect of actuarially fair insurance on input use was decomposed into risk reduction effect and moral hazard effect, and the directions of the two effects were examined. He showed that the total impact of actuarially fair crop insurance on input use was a) to reduce it if the input was risk decreasing and b) indeterminate if the input was risk increasing. However, the evidence from previous empirical work has been mixed. Horowitz and Lichtenberg (1993) suggested insured farmers raising corn use more fertilizers and pesticides while Smith and Goodwin (1996) obtained the opposite result for wheat. Smith and Goodwin also used more comprehensive econometric tests and had a higher quality data set. A common belief is that fertilizer is risk increasing and pesticide risk decreasing. Ramaswami's model assumed crop price was constant and yield was the only source of randomness in farmer's revenue. In reality, market price is a random variable and often negatively correlated with the farmer's yield. For example, bad weather conditions tend to reduce yield across farms in a common region, which may cause diminished quantities supplied and higher crop price. Our paper extends Ramaswami's one-shock model to a two-shock model, and generalizes the two propositions in that paper by introducing randomness to price as well as yield. With two random shocks, the total insurance effect on input use is indeterminate for both risk increasing and risk decreasing inputs, which is consistent with the mixed empirical evidence. Our study also provides a numerical method to decompose the total insurance effect into a risk reduction effect and a moral hazard effect using empirical data. The simulation based on 75 percent coverage level suggests the total insurance effect is economically small to the farmer as are the risk reduction effect and moral hazard effect under mild risk aversion. And the moral hazard effect is less significant than the risk reduction effect. However, the moral hazard effect becomes larger if a higher coverage level is used.
Amplitude Analysis of the Decay B+- -> pi+- pi+- pi-+
Creators: name: Aubert, B.
name: Collaboration, BABAR
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Dalitz-plot analysis of charmless B+- decays to the final state pi+- pi+- pi-+ using 210 fb^-1 of data recorded by the BABAR experiment at sqrt(s) = 10.58 GeV. We measure the branching fractions B(B+- -> pi+- pi+- pi-+) = (16.2 +- 1.2 +- 0.9) x 10^-6 and B(B+- -> rho^0(770) pi+-) = (8.8 +- 1.0 +- 0.6 +0.1-0.7) x 10^-6. Measurements of branching fractions for the quasi-two-body decays B+- -> rho^0(1450) pi+-, B+- -> f_0(980) pi+- and B+- -> f_2(1270) pi+- are also presented. We observe no charge asymmetries for the above modes, and there is no evidence for the decays B+- -> chic0 pi+-, B+- -> f_0(1370) pi+- and B+- -> sigma pi+-.
description: 16 pages, 6 postscript figures, submitted to LP 2005. Changes to a few references, more text in the introduction and other minor text changes (including the title)
LIBER Webinar: Open Science Skilling and Training Programmes Across Europe
Creators: name: England, Jonathan
name: Davidsen, Katrine Düring
name: Møvig, Hanne Graver
name: Swiatek, Cecile
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Open Science
Skills
Training

description: From 2018-2020, LIBER's Working Group on Digital Skills surveyed and interviewed colleagues across Europe to identify examples of good practice in Open Science skilling and training programmes. The case reviews have been gathered and published on Zenodo and highlight the many different approaches taken to Open Science upskilling across Europe. The case studies describe the aims of the training programmes, the audiences, skills prioritised, impact, learning and challenges.  This webinar, for which these slides were developed, provides an entry point to these case studies by showcasing a small selection from Denmark, Norway and Luxembourg. These skilling and training programmes provide a wealth of information and allow knowledge exchange on different approaches to Open Science skilling. Each speaker will briefly describe their Open Science programme and reflect on the successes and challenges they encountered along the way. There will be an opportunity for attendees to ask questions before the session closes. During the webinar, participants: • Discovered a range of Open Science skilling training programmes across Europe. This was presented as a selected poster at the OS conference. Digital Skills for Library Staff and Researchers Working Group: Open Science Conference Poster (Zenodo).
 • Gained ideas and inspiration on developing OS skilling initiatives in their own organisations
 • Discovered some of the challenges when setting up OS skilling initiatives
CONDUCT AND VOLATILITY IN FOOD-PRICE DETERMINATION: VAR EVIDENCE FROM TURKISH AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Holloway, Garth J.
name: Bayaner, Ahmet
name: Holloway, Garth J.
name: Bayaner, Ahmet
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: conduct
subject: volatility
subject: food marketing.

description: The relationship between price volatility and competition is examined. A theoretic, vector autoregressions on farm prices of wheat and retail prices of derivatives (flour, bread, pasta, bulgur and cookies) are compared to results from a dynamic, simultaneous-equations model with theory-based farm-to-retail linkages. Analytical results yield insights about numbers of firms and their impacts on demand- and supply-side multipliers, but the applications to Turkish time series (1988:1-1996:12) yield mixed results.
NITROGEN SOURCES AND GULF HYPOXIA: POTENTIAL FOR POINT-NONPOINT TRADING
Creators: name: Ribaudo, Marc
name: Heimlich, Ralph E.
name: Peters, Mark
name: Ribaudo, Marc
name: Heimlich, Ralph E.
name: Peters, Mark
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Nutrients from municipal and agricultural sources are probable causes of a zone of hypoxic waters in the Gulf of Mexico. Costs of control between the two sources vary widely. We examine cost saving that could be obtained by allowing point sources to purchase nitrogen loss reductions from agriculture.
Cianobatteri per Marte
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Un gruppo di ricercatori guidato da un astrobiologo del Zarm, in Germania, servendosi del bioreattore Atmos ha dimostrato che i cianobatteri Anabaena, capaci di fissare azoto e produrre ossigeno, possono essere coltivati in modo efficiente su Marte a bassa pressione e in condizioni controllate, con ingredienti esclusivamente locali. Tutti i dettagli su Frontiers in Microbiology
Semantic Segmentation Using Deep Learning to Extract Total Extraocular Muscles and Optic Nerve from Orbital Computed Tomography Images
Creators: name: Zhu, Fubao
name: Gao, Zhengyuan
name: Zhao, Chen
name: Zhu, Zelin
name: Liu, Yanyun
name: Tang, Shaojie
name: Jiang, Chengzhi
name: Li, Xinhui
name: Zhao, Min
name: Zhou, Weihua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Objectives: Precise segmentation of total extraocular muscles (EOM) and optic nerve (ON) is essential to assess anatomical development and progression of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). We aim to develop a semantic segmentation method based on deep learning to extract the total EOM and ON from orbital CT images in patients with suspected TAO. Materials and Methods: A total of 7,879 images obtained from 97 subjects who underwent orbit CT scans due to suspected TAO were enrolled in this study. Eighty-eight patients were randomly selected into the training/validation dataset, and the rest were put into the test dataset. Contours of the total EOM and ON in all the patients were manually delineated by experienced radiologists as the ground truth. A three-dimensional (3D) end-to-end fully convolutional neural network called semantic V-net (SV-net) was developed for our segmentation task. Intersection over Union (IoU) was measured to evaluate the accuracy of the segmentation results, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the volumes measured from our segmentation results against those from the ground truth. Results: Our model in the test dataset achieved an overall IoU of 0.8207; the IoU was 0.7599 for the superior rectus muscle, 0.8183 for the lateral rectus muscle, 0.8481 for the medial rectus muscle, 0.8436 for the inferior rectus muscle and 0.8337 for the optic nerve. The volumes measured from our segmentation results agreed well with those from the ground truth (all R>0.98, P<0.0001). Conclusion: The qualitative and quantitative evaluations demonstrate excellent performance of our method in automatically extracting the total EOM and ON and measuring their volumes in orbital CT images. There is a great promise for clinical application to assess these anatomical structures for the diagnosis and prognosis of TAO.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
Hausdorff clustering of financial time series
Creators: name: Basalto, Nicolas
name: Bellotti, Roberto
name: De Carlo, Francesco
name: Facchi, Paolo
name: Pascazio, Saverio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: A clustering procedure, based on the Hausdorff distance, is introduced and tested on the financial time series of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) index.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Further properties of causal relationship: causal structure stability, new criteria for isocausality and counterexamples
Creators: name: García-Parrado, Alfonso
name: Sánchez, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recently ({\em Class. Quant. Grav.} {\bf 20} 625-664) the concept of {\em causal mapping} between spacetimes --essentially equivalent in this context to the {\em chronological map} one in abstract chronological spaces--, and the related notion of {\em causal structure}, have been introduced as new tools to study causality in Lorentzian geometry. In the present paper, these tools are further developed in several directions such as: (i) causal mappings --and, thus, abstract chronological ones-- do not preserve two levels of the standard hierarchy of causality conditions (however, they preserve the remaining levels as shown in the above reference), (ii) even though global hyperbolicity is a stable property (in the set of all time-oriented Lorentzian metrics on a fixed manifold), the causal structure of a globally hyperbolic spacetime can be unstable against perturbations; in fact, we show that the causal structures of Minkowski and Einstein static spacetimes remain stable, whereas that of de Sitter becomes unstable, (iii) general criteria allow us to discriminate different causal structures in some general spacetimes (e.g. globally hyperbolic, stationary standard); in particular, there are infinitely many different globally hyperbolic causal structures (and thus, different conformal ones) on $\R^2$, (iv) plane waves with the same number of positive eigenvalues in the frequency matrix share the same causal structure and, thus, they have equal causal extensions and causal boundaries.
description: 33 pages, 9 figures, final version (the paper title has been changed). To appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Tre giovani mondi sotto il segno di Eridano
Creators: Paolo Soletta
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Utilizzando i dati di tre satelliti della Nasa, un team di astronomi ha scoperto altrettanti pianeti caldi più grandi della Terra in orbita attorno a Toi 451, una stella simile al Sole, anche se molto più giovane. Il sistema risiede nella corrente stellare Pisces-Eridanus, un raggruppamento di stelle scoperto nel 2019 che si estende su 14 costellazioni e che ha appena 120 milioni di anni
Quattromila universi posson bastare
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Per risalire allo stato dell’universo primordiale, un team di astronomi ha messo alla prova, usando 4000 universi simulati, un nuovo metodo di ricostruzione. Il metodo si è rivelato molto efficiente e in grado di porre vincoli alle fluttuazioni primordiali della densità di materia, riducendo il tempo di osservazione necessario per distinguere tra le varie teorie inflazionistiche
Estinzione dei dinosauri: forse è stata una cometa
Creators: Valentina Guglielmo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Una nuova teoria circa l’origine del grande impattore che ha causato l’estinzione di massa del Cretaceo – in cui scomparvero i dinosauri, e con essi tre quarti delle specie animali e vegetali esistenti – è stata pubblicata oggi su Scientific Reports. Secondo lo studio, impattori come questo e altri che hanno caratterizzato la storia geologica della Terra proverrebbero dalla disgregazione di comete a lungo periodo, e non da asteroidi