cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Iron Nanocubes Effectively Capture Epithelial and Mesenchymal Cancer Cells
Creators: name: Suresh, Dhananjay
name: Ghoshdastidar, Shreya
name: Gangula, Abilash
name: Mukherjee, Soumavo
name: Upendran, Anandhi
name: Kannan, Raghuraman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Current methods for capturing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are based on the overexpression of cytokeratin (CK) or epithelial cell-adhesion molecule (EpCAM) on cancer cells. However, during the process of metastasis, tumor cells undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) that can lead to the loss of CK/EpCAM expression. Therefore, it is vital to develop a capturing technique independent of CK/EpCAM expression on the cancer cell. To develop this technique, it is important to identify common secondary oncogenic markers overexpressed on tumor cells before and after EMT. We analyzed the biomarker expression levels in tumor cells, before and after EMT, and found two common proteins human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) whose levels remained unaffected. So, we synthesized immunomagnetic iron nanocubes covalently conjugated with antibodies of Her2 or EGFR to capture cancer cells irrespective of the EMT status. The nanocubes showed high specificity (6 to 9 fold) in isolating the cancer cells of interest from a mixture of cells spiked in serum. We characterized the captured cells for identifying their EMT status. Thus, we believe the results presented here would help in the development of novel strategies for capturing both primary and metastatic cancer cells from patients blood to develop an effective treatment plan.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Case report: symptomatic P. vivax infection with parasite density high in a Duffy blood group negative patient in Mali, West Africa
Creators: name: Amadou  Niangaly
name: Tamarah  Koleala
name: Safiatou  Niare
name: Raijmakers, Leonie
name: Karthigayan  Gunalan
name: Abdoulaye K. Kone
name: Boubacar  Niare
name: Miller, Louis H.
name: Mueller, Ivo
name: Mahamadou A.  Thera
name: Ogobara K.  Doumbo
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Some people were assumed to be naturally resistant to a particular malaria species infection because of the type of their blood. These populations are mainly in Central and West Africa. However, the given malaria parasite infection has been observed across Africa, including in areas inhabited predominantly by populations thought to be resistant. When malaria infection is found in this people the number of the particular malaria species in their blood is very low, suggesting that this parasite development is less efficient in these individuals. Also, infection was generally milder than that observed in individuals with different blood type. Nonetheless, our recent data found that these people considered as resistant might have slight decrease in blood level if they carry this parasite for longer in their blood.
In this project, blood are collected from patients and people considered as resistant, but infected by the particular malaria species are identified
Among 318 patients who had malaria two people were infected by the particular malaria species. One patient considered as resistant had a high number of the particular malaria species in his blood.
This study shown everybody could be affected and the number the given malaria parasite species can goes high. So, surveillance should be expanded in all African populations.
On FGLM Algorithms with Tropical Gröbner bases
Creators: name: Ishihara, Yuki
name: Vaccon, Tristan
name: Yokoyama, Kazuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let K be a field equipped with a valuation. Tropical varieties over K can be defined with a theory of Gr{ö}bner bases taking into account the valuation of K. Because of the use of the valuation, the theory of tropical Gr{ö}bner bases has proved to provide settings for computations over polynomial rings over a p-adic field that are more stable than that of classical Gr{ö}bner bases. In this article, we investigate how the FGLM change of ordering algorithm can be adapted to the tropical setting. As the valuations of the polynomial coefficients are taken into account, the classical FGLM algorithm's incremental way, monomo-mial by monomial, to compute the multiplication matrices and the change of basis matrix can not be transposed at all to the tropical setting. We mitigate this issue by developing new linear algebra algorithms and apply them to our new tropical FGLM algorithms. Motivations are twofold. Firstly, to compute tropical varieties, one usually goes through the computation of many tropical Gr{ö}bner bases defined for varying weights (and then varying term orders). For an ideal of dimension 0, the tropical FGLM algorithm provides an efficient way to go from a tropical Gr{ö}bner basis from one weight to one for another weight. Secondly, the FGLM strategy can be applied to go from a tropical Gr{ö}bner basis to a classical Gr{ö}bner basis. We provide tools to chain the stable computation of a tropical Gr{ö}bner basis (for weight [0,. .. , 0]) with the p-adic stabilized variants of FGLM of [RV16] to compute a lexicographical or shape position basis. All our algorithms have been implemented into SageMath. We provide numerical examples to illustrate time-complexity. We then illustrate the superiority of our strategy regarding to the stability of p-adic numerical computations.
Obtaining the equation of motion for a fermionic particle in a generalized Lorentz-violating system framework
Creators: name: Bernardini, Alex E.
name: da Rocha, Roldao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a generalized procedure for obtaining the dispersion relation and the equation of motion for a propagating fermionic particle, we examine previous claims for a preferred axis at $n_μ$($\equiv(1,0,0,1)$), $n^{2}=0$ embedded in the framework of very special relativity (VSR). We show that, in a relatively high energy scale, the corresponding equation of motion is reduced to a conserving lepton number chiral equation previously predicted in the literature. Otherwise, in a relatively low energy scale, the equation is reduced to the usual Dirac equation for a free propagating fermionic particle. It is accomplished by the suggestive analysis of some special cases where a nonlinear modification of the action of the Lorentz group is generated by the addition of a modified conformal transformation which, meanwhile, preserves the structure of the ordinary Lorentz algebra in a very peculiar way. Some feasible experiments, for which Lorentz violating effects here pointed out may be detectable, are suggested.
description: 10 pages
Απόστρατος, κοινωνία και πολιτική, από το μεσοπόλεμο στη μεταπολίτευση:
Creators: name: Σακαγιάννης, Γεώργιος Λάμπρου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2010
Subjects: Απόστρατος
Ενώσεις αποστράτων
Εφεδροπολεμικές οργανώσεις
Ομάδες πίεσης
Στρατός και πολιτική
retired officer
Retired officers' unions
Reserve outfits organisations
Pressure teams
Army and politics

description: Αντικείμενο της εργασίας η διερεύνηση των σχέσεων ανάμεσα στις ενώσεις και πρόσωπα, στο χώρο των αποστράτων αξιωματικών των ενόπλων δυνάμεων και των σωμάτων ασφαλείας του ελληνικού στρατού με την κοινωνική πραγματικότητα και την πολιτική εξουσία, από τα χρόνια της Β΄ ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας μέχρι τη μεταπολίτευση.
description: A study on the relationship between persons and associations, in the area of the retired officers of the greek army and the security corps, and the social act and political power from the early 1920s to nowadays.
Data-Driven Modeling of Nonlinear Traveling Waves
Creators: name: Koch, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Presented is a data-driven Machine Learning (ML) framework for the identification and modeling of traveling wave spatiotemporal dynamics. The presented framework is based on the steadily-propagating traveling wave ansatz, $u(x,t) = U(ξ=x - ct + a)$. For known evolution equations, this coordinate transformation reduces governing partial differential equations (PDEs) to a set of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in the traveling wave coordinate $ξ$. Although traveling waves are readily observed in many physical systems, the underlying governing equations may be unknown. For these instances, the traveling wave ODEs can be (i) identified in an interpretable manner through an implementation of sparse regression techniques or (ii) modeled empirically with neural ODEs. Presented are these methods applied to several physical systems that admit traveling waves. Examples include traveling wave fronts, pulses, and wavetrains restricted to one-wave wave propagation in a single spatial dimension.
Chlorine Tolerant Escherichia coli Recovered from Waste water Effluents
Creators: name: M C Owoseni
name: A. Olaniran
name: A.I Okoh
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: The study seeks to examine the efficacy of the recommended dosage of 0.5 mg/l free chlorine in eliminating bacterial pathogens in final effluents of wastewater. Untreated wastewater samples were collected from two wastewater treatment plants in Eastern Cape, South Africa. Bacterial isolates were obtained from water samples and identified by cultural and molecular methods. Bacterial pathogens were identified as E. coli. Water samples containing bacterial isolates were tested for bacterial survival after treatment with chlorine concentrations of 0.5 mg/l, 0.75, 1.0mg/l and 1.5 mg/l. At chlorine concentration of 0.5 mg/l, E. coli isolates survived at 1 – 3 log after 30 min. Increasing the chlorine concentration to 0.75- 1.5 mg/l drastically reduced bacteria survival while chlorine dose of 1.5 mg/l completely killed the pathogens after 30 min. The rate at which bacterial was killed over 30 min showed that the highest rate of kill was obtained within the first 10 min and a total kill over the next 20 min. E. coli survived chlorine treatment at 0.5 mg/l showing that 0.5 mg/l dose is inadequate to remove bacteria from wastewater effluent. Treatment of wastewater at higher chlorine concentrations, particularly at 1.5 mg/l, is more effective in controlling bacterial survival in chlorinated effluents.
Exactness of cochain complexes via additive functors
Creators: name: Campanini, Federico
name: Facchini, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate the relation between the notion of $e$-exactness, recently introduced by Akray and Zebary, and some functors naturally related to it, such as the functor $P\colon\operatorname{Mod} R\to \operatorname{Spec}(\operatorname{Mod} R)$, where $\operatorname{Spec}(\operatorname{Mod} R)$ denotes the spectral category of $\operatorname{Mod} R$, and the localization functor with respect to the singular torsion theory.
Genetic variation in three North American barn owl (Tyto alba) populations using DNA fingerprinting
Creators: name: McLarty, Joanne Ruth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: I studied the genetic diversity of a small population of common barn owls (Tyto alba) in British Columbia (BC), Canada. DNA fingerprinting was employed to assess the level of genetic variation in the BC population compared to two other barn owl populations in North America, California and Utah. Two different multilocus probes, Jeffreys' 33.15 and per, were used with the restriction enzyme Haelll. These probes yielded sufficient variation at minisatellite loci to assess the general level of relatedness both within and between populations. The number of scorable bands on each fingerprint was significantly higher when probed with per than when probed with Jeffreys' 33.15, but both probes resulted in similar band sharing patterns, and neither showed any apparent linkage. Band sharing between each pair of individuals on a gel was calculated as In^Kjif^ + nB),' where nA and wB are the number of bands in the fingerprints of individuals A and B, and nA B is the number of bands shared by A and B. Band sharing coefficients were significantly higher in the BC barn owl population than in the California or the Utah populations, indicating less genetic variation in the BC population compared to the other two. Between population band sharing was highest between Utah and California, reflecting more genetic similarity between those two populations. The results indicated that the genetic variation in the BC population is still within the range of other viable populations. Levels of organochlorine and PCB residues in barn owl livers also have dropped consistently since 1975 (Appendix 1). To conserve Canada's barn owls, it will be important to continue monitoring genetic variation in the BC population and to maintain barn owl habitat in the Fraser Valley.
Design of Q-Band loop-gap resonators at frequencies 34-36 GHz for single electron spin spectroscopy in semiconductor nanostructures
Creators: name: Simovic, B.
name: Studerus, P.
name: Gustavsson, S.
name: Leturcq, R.
name: Ensslin, K.
name: Schuhmann, R.
name: Forrer, J.
name: Schweiger, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the design of loop-gap resonators (LGR) operating in the frequency range 34-36 GHz with the goal to achieve single electron spin resonance (ESR) in quantum dot nanostructures. We present a comprehensive study of the magnetic field strength and the spatial distribution of the electric and magnetic fields in the resonator by means of experiments and numerical simulations.
description: 25 pages, submitted
Additional file 1 of An evaluation of the preprints produced at the beginning of the 2022 mpox public health emergency
Creators: name: Sterian, Melanie
name: Samra, Anmol
name: Pussegoda, Kusala
name: Corrin, Tricia
name: Qamar, Mavra
name: Baumeister, Austyn
name: Israr, Izza
name: Waddell, Lisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Protocol.
Υλοποίηση συστήματος ενημέρωσης για την δημόσια υγεία με χρήση τεχνολογιών συνεργατικού και σημασιολογικού διαδικτύου
Creators: name: Τζαλαβρά, Αλεξία Γεωργίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2010
Subjects: Σημασιολογία
Συνεργατικό διαδίκτυο
Γεωκώδικες
Mediawiki
Semantics
Ontology

description: Το αντικείμενο της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η υλοποίηση ενός συστήματος ενημέρωσης για την δημόσια υγεία με χρήση των τεχνολογιών Σημασιολογικού και Συνεργατικού Διαδικτύου. Κατά την διάρκεια εκπόνησης της πραγματοποιήθηκε εκτενής μελέτη της εξέλιξης του διαδικτύου μέχρι να φτάσει στην μορφή του Σημασιολογικού διαδικτύου ενώ ερευνήθηκε και ένα από τα πιο χρήσιμα εργαλεία του, τα σημασιολογικά wikis καθώς και οι προσπάθειες που έχουν γίνει κατά καιρούς για την ενσωμάτωσή τους στον χώρο της δημόσιας υγείας. Μέσα από μια αρκετά μεγάλη ποικιλία wikis που χρησιμοποιούνται σε ερευνητικές αναφορές, επιλέχθηκε το Semantic Media Wiki για την υλοποίηση του συστήματος ενημέρωσης για την δημόσια υγεία, κυρίως λόγω των δυνατοτήτων που προσφέρει. Παράλληλα χρησιμοποιήθηκαν οι ακόλουθες επεκτάσεις του Semantic Media Wiki οι οποίες συνεισφέρουν σημαντικά στην αποδοτικότητα του συστήματος:Semantic Forms, Halo extension, Semantic Drilldown, Semantic Google Maps, Google Geocoder, SimpleFeed, Semantic Signup και Semantic Results Format. Με την επιλογή και χρησιμοποίηση της κατάλληλης ιατρικής οντολογίας μέσω Semantic Media Wiki, πρόεκυψε ένα εύχρηστο και αρκετά ευέλικτο σύστημα ενημέρωσης για την δημόσια υγεία με αποτελέσματα αξιοποιήσιμα τόσο από δημόσιους οργανισμούς όπως νοσοκομεία και κέντρα υγείας όσο και από τους απλούς πολίτες.
description: This project aims to implement an informative system about public health with the use of social and semantic technologies. During the implementation of the project, the progress of the web technologies was investigated, especially the semantic web and one of its most powerful tools, the semantic wikis in public health. In order to implement the system the Semantic Mediawiki was chosen mainly because of the possibilities it provides. Furthermore the following extensions of Semantic Mediawiki were used in order to improve its efficiency: Semantic Forms, Halo extension, Semantic Drilldown, Semantic Google Maps, Google Geocoder, SimpleFeed, Semantic Signup και Semantic Results Format. Having chosen the appropriate medical ontology a useful informative system occurred and its results can be useful to public organizations such as hospitals, health centers or even citizens.
Perceptions of perinatal depression and treatment needs in Malawi.
Creators: name: Mwawi Ng'oma
name: S Meltzer-Brody
name: E Chirwa
name: R.C Stewart
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objectives: Perinatal depression, is a major health problem in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC). There is evidence for effective psychosocial interventions for perinatal depression in LMIC, but no such intervention has been developed for use in Malawi. This study was conducted to explore the perceptions of perinatal women and key maternal care health workers about perinatal depression and the health service needs required to inform development of a culturally sensitive and acceptable psychosocial intervention.
Methods: We conducted a qualitative study in one rural and one urban health care setting in Lilongwe District, Malawi
Results: We found that perinatal depression was recognized as a common mental health problem that affected functioning of women in the perinatal period. Financial difficulties, relationship problems, traumatic events and fear of birth outcomes were identified as causes of depression. Study participants acknowledged the need for support and an intervention that will address the identified challenges.
Conclusions: The results of this study support plans to develop a family focused intervention for perinatal depression in Malawi addressing relationship, psychosocial and economic issues and it highlights the importance of strengthening the health delivery system especially at primary care level where the majority of women access care in Malawi and across Sub-Saharan Africa.
Modification of the Unitarity Relation for sin2beta-Vub in Supersymmetric Models
Creators: name: Dutta, Bhaskar
name: Mimura, Yukihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a more than 2sigma discrepancy has been observed between the well measured inclusive value of Vub and the predicted value of Vub from the unitarity triangle fit using the world average value of sin2beta. We attempt to resolve this tension in the context of grand unified SO(10) and SU(5) models where the neutrino mixing matrix is responsible for flavor changing neutral current at the weak scale and the models with non-proportional A-terms (can be realized simply in the context of intersecting D-brane models) and investigate the interplay between the constraints arising from B_{s,d}-\bar B_{s,d} mixings, epsilon_K, Br(tau -> mu gamma), Br(mu -> e gamma) and a fit of this new discrepancy. We also show that the ongoing measurement of the phase of Bs mixing will be able to identify the grand unified model. The measurement of Br(tau -> e gamma) will also be able to test these scenarios, especially the models with non-proportional A-terms.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures. Minor corrections, references added
Quantized conductance in an AlAs 2D electron system quantum point contact
Creators: name: Gunawan, O.
name: Habib, B.
name: De Poortere, E. P.
name: Shayegan, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report experimental results on a quantum point contact (QPC) device formed in a wide AlAs quantum well where the two-dimensional electrons occupy two in-plane valleys with elliptical Fermi contours. To probe the closely-spaced, one-dimensional electric subbands, we fabricated a point contact device defined by shallow-etching and a top gate that covers the entire device. The conductance versus top gate bias trace shows a series of weak plateaus at integer multiples of $2e^2/h$, indicating a broken valley degeneracy in the QPC and implying the potential use of QPC as a simple "valley filter" device. A model is presented to describe the quantized energy levels and the role of the in-plane valleys in the transport. We also observe a well-developed conductance plateau near $0.7x2e^2/h$ which may reflect the strong electron-electron interaction in the system.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures
Η θέση των Εβραίων της Θεσσαλονίκης μέσα από τις αφηγήσεις ηλικιωμένων Εβραίων της πόλης:
Creators: name: Δενελάβα-Εξαδακτύλου, Γιασεμή Φιλίππου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2010
Subjects: Εβραίοι
Αφηγήσεις
Ολοκαύτωμα
Θεσσαλονίκη
Βιογραφική συνέντευξη
Αντισημιτισμός
Jews
Narration
Holocaust
Thessaloniki
Biographical interview
anti-Semitism

description: Οι Εβραίοι στη Θεσσαλονίκη έχουν συνεχή παρουσία από την αρχαιότητα μέχρι σήμερα. Η Θεσσαλονίκη ονομάστηκε «μητέρα του Ισραήλ» την εποχή που το εβραϊκό στοιχείο είχε την δημογραφική -και όχι μόνο- υπεροχή, στην πόλη. Πριν το β΄ Παγκόσμιο πόλεμο ο πληθυσμός της εβραϊκής κοινότητας ήταν 55.000 και αποτελούσε το ένα τέταρτο περίπου του πληθυσμού της πόλης. Κατά τη διάρκεια του πολέμου το 98% του εβραϊκού πληθυσμού που οδηγήθηκε στα στρατόπεδα του Άουσβιτς αφανίστηκε. Σήμερα η εβραϊκή κοινότητα Θεσσαλονίκης δεν αριθμεί περισσότερα από 1000 άτομα. Η εργασία αυτή, χρησιμοποιώντας ως ερευνητικό εργαλείο τη βιογραφική συνέντευξη και ως εμπειρικό υλικό τις αφηγήσεις ηλικιωμένων Εβραίων που έζησαν και την προπολεμική και τη μεταπολεμική Θεσσαλονίκη παρουσιάζει την οπτική των ίδιων των Εβραίων της Θεσσαλονίκης, για τη θέση τους στην πόλη. Πώς βίωσαν τις διαφορετικές φάσεις που πέρασε η Εβραϊκή κοινότητα και τι τεχνικές επιβίωσης χρησιμοποίησαν.
description: The Jews have a continuing presence in Thessaloniki from ancient until contemporary times. Thessaloniki was named "Mother of Israel" at the time of the Jewish element was dominant in population numbers –among others- in the city. Before World War II the population of the Jewish community was 55,000 that corresponded to one fourth of the population of the city. During the war 98% of the Jewish population that was sent to the concentration camps in Auschwitz has vanished. Today the Jewish community of Thessaloniki has no more than 1000 members. In this thesis ‘biographical interview’ was used as a research tool, while narration by the elderly Jews that lived before and after World War II in Thessaloniki was used as empirical material. This way, their perspective of the position of Jews in Thessaloniki is presented. How they experienced the different stages that the Jew community went through and the survival techniques that they used.
Direction of Arrival Estimation for Non-Coherent Sub-Arrays via Joint Sparse and Low-Rank Signal Recovery
Creators: name: Tirer, Tom
name: Bialer, Oded
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Estimating the directions of arrival (DOAs) of multiple sources from a single snapshot obtained by a coherent antenna array is a well-known problem, which can be addressed by sparse signal reconstruction methods, where the DOAs are estimated from the peaks of the recovered high-dimensional signal. In this paper, we consider a more challenging DOA estimation task where the array is composed of non-coherent sub-arrays (i.e., sub-arrays that observe different unknown phase shifts due to using low-cost unsynchronized local oscillators). We formulate this problem as the reconstruction of a joint sparse and low-rank matrix and solve its convex relaxation. While the DOAs can be estimated from the solution of the convex problem, we further show how an improvement is obtained if instead one estimates from this solution the phase shifts, creates "phase-corrected" observations and applies another final (plain, coherent) sparsity-based DOA estimation. Numerical experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms strategies that are based on non-coherent processing of the sub-arrays as well as other sparsity-based methods.
Additional file 4 of An evaluation of the preprints produced at the beginning of the 2022 mpox public health emergency
Creators: name: Sterian, Melanie
name: Samra, Anmol
name: Pussegoda, Kusala
name: Corrin, Tricia
name: Qamar, Mavra
name: Baumeister, Austyn
name: Israr, Izza
name: Waddell, Lisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 4: Supplementary tables. Supplementary Table 1 Summary of changes in general reporting characteristics between preprints and published versions (N = 60). Supplementary Table 2 Summary of changes in numerical results from preprint to published versions, and associated methods changes (N = 32).
The impact of maternal infection with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis on infant immune sensitisation and evolution of immune responses following immunisation with BCG at birth.
Creators: name: Lubyayi, Lawrence
name: P Mawa
name: G Nabakooza
name: M Nakibuule
name: J V  Tushabe
name: J Serubanja
name: D Aibo
name: H Akurut
name: J Tumusiime
name: H Hasso-Agopsowicz
name: J Levin
name: H Dockrell
name: S Smith
name: E Webb
name: A Elliott
name: S Cose
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: BCG is less effective in tropical countries compared to those further from the equator. We hypothesized that prenatal exposure to latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection (LTBI) might result in fetal tolerance to mycobacterial antigens and impaired responses to BCG. We enrolled LTBI-positive and LTBI-negative mothers and their babies from Entebbe, Uganda. Infants were BCG-immunised at birth and followed up to age one year. Cytokine/chemokine responses were assessed by multiplex Luminex assay. Immune sensitisation was defined as having any detectable cytokine response to PPD in cord blood. Samples from a cohort of BCG-immunised infants born of LTBI-negative mothers from the UK were analysed at weeks 10 and 52, for comparison. Large proportions of Ugandan infants were sensitised in utero to M.tb, with no overall difference seen between infants born to mothers with or without LTBI. Cytokine and antibody responses to mycobacterial antigens were similar at all time points between the two groups. Infant immune response to BCG peaked around 24 weeks. Compared to UK infants, Ugandan infants had similar or higher Th1 cytokine responses, but had lower IL-2, IL-13 and IL-10 responses at the earlier time point. Our data do not support the hypothesis that maternal LTBI results in fetal tolerance or an impaired response to BCG immunisation.
Additional file 1 of Identification of an immune-related genes signature in lung adenocarcinoma to predict survival and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors
Creators: name: Davoodi-Moghaddam, Zeinab
name: Jafari-Raddani, Farideh
name: Kordasti, Shahram
name: Bashash, Davood
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplementary Material 1.
3-3-1 Self Interacting Dark Matter and the Galaxy Core-Cusp problem
Creators: name: Lan, Nguyen Quynh
name: Mathews, Grant J.
name: Phillips, Lara Arielle
name: Correa, Miguel A.
name: Suh, In-Saeng
name: Coughlin, Jared. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The core-cusp problem remains as a challenging discrepancy between observations and simulations in the standard $Λ$CDM model for the formation of galaxies. The problem is that $Λ$CDM simulations predict a steep power-law mass density profile at the center of galactic dark matter halos. However, observations of dwarf galaxies in the Local Group reveal a density profile consistent with a nearly flat distribution of dark matter near the center. A number of solutions to this dilemma have been proposed. Here, we summarize investigations into the possibility that the dark matter particles themselves self interact and scatter. Such self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) particles can smooth out the dark-matter profile in high-density regions. We also review the theoretical proposal that self-interacting dark matter may arise as an additional Higgs scalar in the 3-3-1 extension of the standard model. We present new simulations of galaxy formation and evolution for this formulation of self-interacting dark matter. Current constraints on this self-interacting dark matter are then summarized.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted in MPLA
Genome sequence of Mycobacterium yongonense RT 955-2015 isolate from a patient misdiagnosed with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: First clinical detection in Tanzania
Creators: name: Nicholaus Mnyambwa
name: D. Kim
name: E. Ngadaya
name: J. Chun
name: S.  Ha
name: P. Petrucka
name: K.K Addo
name: R.R Kazwala
name: S.G. Mfinanga
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objective: Mycobacterium yongonense is a recently described novel species belonging to Mycobacterium avium complex, which is the most prevalent aetiology of non-tuberculous mycobacteria associated with pulmonary infections, and poses tuberculosis diagnostic challenges in high-burden, resource-constrained settings. The study aimed to characterize an isolate from a patient with suspected multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).
Methods: Whole genome shotgun sequencing and comparative microbial genomic analyses were used to characterize the isolate from a patient diagnosed with MDR-TB after relapse.
Results: Sequence analysis revealed that the RT 955-2015 strain had a high similarity to M. yongonense 05- 1390(T) (98.74%) and Mycobacterium chimaera DSM 44623(T) (98%). Its 16S rRNA showed similarity to Mycobacterium paraintracellulare KCTC 290849(T) (100%), Mycobacterium intracellulare ATCC 13950(T) (100%), M. chimaera DSM 44623(T) (99.9%), and M. yongonense 05-1390(T) (98%). The strain exhibited a substantially different rpoB sequence to that of M. yongonense 05-1390 (95.16%), but closely related to that of M. chimaera DSM 44623(T) (99.86%), M. intracellulare ATCC 13950(T), (99.53%), and M. paraintracellulare KCTC 290849(T) (99.53%).
Conclusion: In light of these findings, it was concluded that the isolate was M. yongonense, which is an indication that the patient was misdiagnosed with TB/MDR-TB and received inappropriate treatment.
Keywords: Mycobacterium yongonense; Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC); multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB); nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM); Tanzani
$e^+e^- \to γX(3872)$ near the $D^* {\bar D}^*$ threshold
Creators: name: Dubynskiy, S.
name: Voloshin, M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate the cross section of the process $e^+e^- \to γX(3872)$ in terms of the content of the $D^{*0} {\bar D}^0$ `molecular' component in the wave function of the resonance X(3872). If this component is dominating, the cross section of the reaction $e^+e^- \to γX(3872)$ can reach up to about $10^{-3}$ of that for $e^+e^- \to D^* {\bar D}^*$ at energy slightly above the $D^* {\bar D}^*$ threshold, and the considered process can be a realistic source of the X(3872) particles for the studies of this resonance.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
Static properties of nuclear matter within the Boson Loop Expansion
Creators: name: Alberico, W. M.
name: Cenni, R.
name: Garbarino, G.
name: Quaglia, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of the Boson Loop Expansion is proposed for investigating the static properties of nuclear matter. We explicitly consider a schematic dynamical model in which nucleons interact with the scalar-isoscalar sigma meson. The suggested approximation scheme is examined in detail at the mean field level and at the one- and two-loop orders. The relevant formulas are provided to derive the binding energy per nucleon, the pressure and the compressibility of nuclear matter. Numerical results of the binding energy at the one-loop order are presented for Walecka's sigma-omega model in order to discuss the degree of convergence of the Boson Loop Expansion.
description: 40 pages, 13 figures
Genotyping and Drug Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterial Isolates from Population-based Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey in Ghana
Creators: name: K. K.  Addo
name: S. O.  Addo
name: Mensah, Gloria Ivy
name: L.  Mosi
name: F. A.  Bonsu
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Background: Tuberculosis (TB) can be caused by two groups of bacteria (mycobacteria) referred to as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM). The drugs required to treat TB disease caused by mycobacteria belonging to the two groups may be different.
Methods: This study used a new method (Line probe assay) approved by WHO to identify the types of mycobacteria causing TB among people identified to have TB through a national TB prevalence survey in Ghana. The study also determined drugs which could be effective against the types of mycobacteria identified.
Results: Out of 361 mycobacteria identified, 165 (45.7%) were MTBC, 120 (33.2 %) were NTM (made up of 14 different specie) and 76 (21.1%) could not be completely identified. Additionally,18(10.9%) and 2(1.2%) out of the 165 of the MTBC were found to be untreatable with Isoniazid and rifampicin (two of the most important ant-TB drugs) respectively. Majority 42/120 (35%) of NTM were of the type referred to as M. fortuitum. Most of the NTM could be treated with macrolides (clarithromycin, azithromycin) and aminoglycosides (kanamycin, amikacin, and gentamicin).
Conclusion: Our research signifies an important contribution to TB control in terms of knowledge of the types of mycobacterium species circulating in Ghana and the appropriate drugs for treatment.
The upper atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune
Creators: name: Melin, Henrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the current understanding of the upper atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune, and explore the upcoming opportunities available to study these exciting planets. The ice giants are the least understood planets in the solar system, having been only visited by a single spacecraft, in 1986 and 1989, respectively. The upper atmosphere plays a critical role in connecting the atmosphere to the forces and processes contained within the magnetic field. For example, auroral current systems can drive charged particles into the atmosphere, heating it by way of Joule heating. Ground-based observations of H$_3^+$ provides a powerful remote diagnostic of the physical properties and processes that occur within the upper atmosphere, and a rich data set exists for Uranus. These observations span almost three decades and have revealed that the upper atmosphere has continuously cooled between 1992 and 2018 at about 8 K/year, from $\sim$750 K to $\sim$500 K. The reason for this trend remain unclear, but could be related to seasonally driven changes in the Joule heating rates due to the tilted and offset magnetic field, or could be related to changing vertical distributions of hydrocarbons. H$_3^+$ has not yet been detected at Neptune, but this discovery provides low-hanging fruit for upcoming facilities such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the next generation of 30 metre telescopes. Detecting H$_3^+$ at Neptune would enable the characterisation of its upper atmosphere for the first time since 1989. To fully understand the ice giants we need dedicated orbital missions, in the same way the Cassini spacecraft explored Saturn. Only by combining in-situ observations of the magnetic field with in-orbit remote sensing can we get the complete picture of how energy moves between the atmosphere and the magnetic field.
description: Accepted on September 1st 2020 in Roy. Soc. Phil. Trans. A special issue 'Future Exploration of the Ice Giants'
Two and four-level systems in magnetic fields restricted in time
Creators: name: Bagrov, V. G.
name: Baldiotti, M. C.
name: Gitman, D. M.
name: Levin, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe some new exact solutions for two- and four-level systems. In all the cases, external fields have a restricted behavior in time. First, we consider two types of new solutions for one-spin equation, one of them is in a external magnetic field that acts during a finite time interval. A new solution for two interacting spins is found in the case when the field difference between the external fields in each spin vary adiabatically, vanishing on the time infinity. The latter system can be identified with a quantum gate realized by two coupled quantum dots. The probability of the Swap operation for such a gate can be explicitly expressed in terms of special functions. Using the obtained expressions, we construct plots for the Swap operation for some parameters of the external magnetic field and interaction function.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Disorder effects in the quantum Heisenberg model: An Extended Dynamical mean-field theory analysis
Creators: name: Burdin, S.
name: Grempel, D. R.
name: Grilli, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a quantum Heisenberg model with both antiferromagnetic and disordered nearest-neighbor couplings. We use an extended dynamical mean-field approach, which reduces the lattice problem to a self-consistent local impurity problem that we solve by using a quantum Monte Carlo algorithm. We consider both two- and three-dimensional antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations and systematically analyze the effect of disorder. We find that in three dimensions for any small amount of disorder a spin-glass phase is realized. In two dimensions, while clean systems display the properties of a highly correlated spin-liquid (where the local spin susceptibility has a non-integer power-low frequency and/or temperature dependence), in the present case this behavior is more elusive unless disorder is very small. This is because the spin-glass transition temperature leaves only an intermediate temperature regime where the system can display the spin-liquid behavior, which turns out to be more apparent in the static than in the dynamical susceptibility.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Antibiotic resistant bacteria in raw cow milk and milk products retailed in the Northern Region of Ghana: a food safety challenge
Creators: name: E.K Vicar
name: P.K. Feglo
name: S.E.K Acquah
name: W. Williams
name: C.S.  Saba
name: J.B.  Ziem
name: G.I. Mensah
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Background: In many developing countries where milk is marketed and consumed raw through informal
channels, the occurrence of bacteria that is resistant to antibiotics in raw milk poses a major public health risk.
This is because antibiotic resistant bacteria may cause complicated, untreatable, and prolonged infections in
humans, leading to higher healthcare cost and sometimes death.
Methods: Antibiotic resistance profiles against nine antimicrobials commonly used in veterinary and human
medical practice were established for 150 bacteria isolates from raw milk and milk products retailed within the Northern region of Ghana.
Results: Resistance to cotrimoxazole was 84%, nalidixic acid 81%, gentamicin 79%, chloramphenicol 76%,
ceftriaxone 67.3%, tetracycline 66%, ampicillin 53.3%, ciprofloxacin 48.9% and cefoxitin 40.7%. Overall 72.5% were resistant to more than one antimicrobial.
Conclusion: Milk and milk products sold in the northern region of Ghana are contaminated with bacterial
pathogens with high levels of antimicrobial resistance. A one health approach is required to curtail the threat of antibacterial resistant bacteria in the food chain
Electromagnetic field correlators and the Casimir effect for planar boundaries in AdS spacetime with application in braneworlds
Creators: name: Saharian, A. A.
name: Kotanjyan, A. S.
name: Sargsyan, H. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate the correlators for the vector potential and for the field strength tensor of the electromagnetic field in the geometry of two parallel planar plates in AdS spacetime. Two types of boundary conditions are considered on the plates. The first one is a generalization of perfect conductor boundary condition and the second one corresponds to the confining boundary conditions. By using the expressions for the correlators, the vacuum expectation values (VEVs) of the photon condensate and of the electric and magnetic fields squared are investigated. As another important local characteristic of the vacuum state we consider the VEV of the energy-momentum tensor. The Casimir forces acting on the plates are decomposed into the self-action and interaction parts. It is shown that the interaction forces are attractive for both types of boundary conditions. At separations between the plates larger than the curvature radius of the background geometry they decay exponentially as functions of the proper distance. The self-action force per unit surface of a single plate does not depend on its location and depending on the boundary condition and on the number of spatial dimensions can be either attractive or repulsive with respect to the AdS boundary. By using the generalized zeta function technique we also evaluate the total Casimir energy. Applications are given in $Z_{2}$-symmetric braneworld models of the Randall-Sundrum type for vector fields with even and odd parities.
description: 33 pages, 5 figures
Supersymmetric D-branes on flux backgrounds
Creators: name: Martucci, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several aspects concerning the physics of D-branes in Type II flux compactifications preserving minimal N=1 supersymmetry in four dimensions are considered. It is shown how these vacua are completely characterized in terms of properly defined generalized calibrations for D-branes and the relation with Generalized Complex Geometry is discussed. General expressions for superpotentials and D-terms associated with the N=1 four-dimensional description of space-time filling D-branes are presented. The massless spectrum of calibrated D-branes can be characterized in terms of cohomology groups of a differential complex canonically induced on the D-branes by the underlying generalized complex structure.
description: 9 pages; contribution to the proceedings of the RTN project `Constituents, Fundamental Forces and Symmetries of the Universe' conference in Napoli, October 9 - 13, 2006; (v2) references added
Anaemia in Pregnancy in Ghana
Creators: name: Okyere, Doris
name: G.D. Ampofo
name: M. Aberese-Ako
name: H. Tagbor
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Low blood levels during pregnancy lead to babies born with birth weights lower than expected as well as babies born before their expected dates, among other complications. Efforts have been made over the years to control and prevent these low levels of blood among pregnant women through the Antenatal care services provided to them. However, there is still a high proportion of pregnant women in Ghana who have blood levels below the expected value for normal pregnancy. Many other factors apart from the known factor malaria may be contributing to this. This study therefore is designed to recruit pregnant women at their first Antenatal Care visit and they will be followed till delivery to investigate all other factors which may be contributing to the persistence of low blood levels among them in the Ashanti and Volta regions of Ghana.
The study will provide knowledge on the blood levels, the severity of the levels below the acceptable values, the kinds of food consumed by pregnant women, the knowledge of pregnant women about low levels of blood and other infections which result in this condition. These will inform policy reforms to control low blood levels in pregnancy.
Spectropolarimetry of primitive phototrophs as global surface biosignatures
Creators: name: Sparks, William B.
name: Parenteau, M. Niki
name: Blankenship, Robert E.
name: Germer, Thomas A.
name: Patty, C. H. Lucas
name: Bott, Kimberly M.
name: Telesco, Charles M.
name: Meadows, Victoria S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photosynthesis is an ancient metabolic process that began on the early Earth, offering plentiful energy to organisms that utilize it, to the extent that they can achieve global significance. The potential exists for similar processes to operate on habitable exoplanets and result in observable biosignatures. Prior to the advent of oxygenic photosynthesis, the most primitive phototrophs, anoxygenic phototrophs, dominated surface environments on the planet. Here, we characterize surface polarization biosignatures associated with a diverse sample of anoxygenic phototrophs and cyanobacteria, examining both pure cultures and microbial communities from the natural environment. Polarimetry is a tool that can be used to measure the chiral signature of biomolecules. Chirality is considered a universal, agnostic biosignature that is independent of a planet's biochemistry, receiving considerable interest as a target biosignature for life detection missions. In contrast to preliminary indications from earlier work, we show that there is a diversity of distinctive circular polarization signatures, including the magnitude of the polarization, associated with the variety of chiral photosynthetic pigments and pigment complexes of anoxygenic and oxygenic phototrophs. We also show that the apparent death and release of pigments from one of the phototrophs is accompanied by an elevation of the reflectance polarization signal by an order of magnitude, which may be significant for remotely detectable environmental signatures. This work and others suggest circular polarization signals up to ~1% may occur, significantly stronger than previously anticipated circular polarization levels. We conclude that global surface polarization biosignatures may arise from anoxygenic and oxygenic phototrophs, which have dominated nearly 80% of the history of our rocky, inhabited planet.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures. To be published in Astrobiology