cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
PARANTHURID ISOPODS FROM FRENCH-POLYNESIAN CORAL-REEFS, INCLUDING DESCRIPTIONS OF 6 NEW SPECIES (CRUSTACEA, PERACARIDA)
Creators: name: Muller, H. G.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1993

description: Nine species of paranthurid isopods in eight genera are recorded from coral reefs in the Society Archipelago (Bora Bora, Moorea), French Polynesia. Six new species in the genera Apanthuroides, Bourbonanthura, Colanthura, Expanathura, Minyanthura and Paranthura are described. The genera Bourbonanthura and Minyanthura are first recorded from the Pacific Ocean.
Supplementary Figures and Tables from On the diverse and opposing effects of nutrition on pathogen virulence
Creators: name: Pike, Victoria L.
name: Lythgoe, Katrina A.
name: King, Kayla C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Science
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Contains the supplementary figures and tables.
Manual de Tratamento Clínico de Pacientes Pediátricos com Tumores Cerebrais
Creators: name: Félix, Francisco H. C.
name: Fontenele, Juvenia Bezerra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: ciência aberta
neuro-oncologia pediátrica
tumores do sistema nervoso central
rotinas de tratamento

description: Manuscrito de texto de revisão dos protocolos de tratamento utilizados pela neuro-oncologia do Centro Pediátrico do Câncer. Protocolo aqui significa um esquema de tratamento baseado em um ensaio clínico patrocinado por grandes grupos cooperativos de tratamento do câncer infantil. Nenhum destes protocolos inclui o texto completo ou trechos dos protocolos originais de pesquisa. Os pacientes tratados em nosso centro seguindo estes protocolos não estão sendo recrutados para pesquisa clínica. Estes protocolos também não constituem diretrizes terapêuticas, nem protocolos clínicos no sentido estrito, pois não foram elaborados por instituições ou grupos organizados, usando metodologia explícita. Nossos protocolos podem ser encarados como rotinas de manuseio dos pacientes e suas patologias, utilizados em nosso serviço hospitalar e baseados em ensaios clínicos dos grande grupos cooperativos. Este manuscrito tem fins educativos e é voltado para falantes da língua portuguesa.
Additional file 2 of Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation for Concussion Recovery (i-RECOveR): protocol of an investigator-blinded, randomised, case series with multiple baseline design to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a 12-week treatment for persistent post-concussion symptoms
Creators: name: Nguyen, Jack V. K.
name: McKay, Adam
name: Ponsford, Jennie
name: Davies, Katie
name: Makdissi, Michael
name: Drummond, Sean P. A.
name: Reyes, Jonathan
name: Willmott, Catherine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. SPIRIT Checklist.
Pressure pain thresholds fluctuate with, but do not usefully predict, the clinical course of painful temporomandibular disorder
Creators: name: Slade, Gary D.
name: Fillingim, Roger B.
name: Sanders, Anne E.
name: Greenspan, Joel D.
name: Dubner, Ron
name: Bair, Eric
name: Ohrbach, Richard
name: Gracely, Richard H.
name: Maixner, William
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Central sensitization elicits pain hypersensitivity and is thought to be causally implicated in painful temporomandibular disorder (TMD). This causal inference is based on cross-sectional evidence that people with TMD have greater sensitivity than controls to noxious stimuli. We tested this inference in the OPPERA prospective cohort study of 3,258 adults with no lifetime history of TMD when enrolled (Visit 1). During five years of follow-up, one group labelled “persistent TMD cases” (n=72) developed first-onset TMD by Visit 2 that persisted ≥6 months until Visit 3. Another group labelled “transient TMD cases” (n=75) developed first-onset TMD at Visit 2 which resolved by Visit 3. Randomly sampled “controls” (n=126) remained TMD-free throughout all three visits. At each visit, pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were measured by algometry at 10 cranial and bodily sites. In persistent TMD cases, mean PPTs reduced 43 kPa (P<0.0001) between Visits 1 and 2 and thereafter did not change significantly. In transient TMD cases, mean PPTs reduced 41 kPa (P<0.001) between Visits 1 and 2, and then increased 20 kPa (P<0.001) by Visit 3. These patterns were similar after excluding cranial sites symptomatic for TMD. Importantly, Visit 1 PPTs had no clinically useful prognostic value in predicting first-onset TMD (odds ratio [OR] 1.07, P=0.15). Among first-onset cases, Visit 2 PPTs were modest predictors of persistent TMD (OR=1=.36, P=0.002). In this longitudinal study, PPTs reduced when TMD developed then rebounded when TMD resolved. However, pre-morbid PPTs poorly predicted TMD incidence, countering the hypothesis that they signify mechanisms causing first-onset TMD.
β2- and β3-adrenergic receptors drive COMT-dependent pain by increasing production of nitric oxide and cytokines
Creators: name: Hartung, Jane E.
name: Nackley, Andrea G.
name: Ciszek, Brittney P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Decreased activity of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme that metabolizes catecholamines, contributes to pain in humans and animals. Previously, we demonstrated that development of COMT-dependent pain is mediated by both β2- and β3-adrenergic receptors (β2-and β3ARs). Here, we investigated molecules downstream of β2-and β3ARs driving pain in animals with decreased COMT activity. Based on evidence linking their role in pain and synthesis downstream of β2- and β3AR stimulation, we hypothesized that nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines drive COMT-dependent pain. To test this, we measured plasma NO derivatives and cytokines in rats receiving the COMT inhibitor OR486 in the presence or absence of the β2AR antagonist ICI118,551 + β3AR antagonist SR59320A. We also assessed if the NO synthase inhibitor L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and cytokine neutralizing antibodies block the development of COMT-dependent pain. Results showed that animals receiving OR486 exhibited higher levels of NO derivatives, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in a β2-and β3AR-dependent manner. Additionally, inhibition of NO synthases and neutralization of the innate immunity cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 blocked the development of COMT-dependent pain. Finally, we found that NO influences TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and CCL2 levels, while TNFα and IL-6 influence NO levels. Altogether, these results demonstrate that β2- and β3ARs contribute to COMT-dependent pain, at least partly, by increasing NO and cytokines. Furthermore, they identify β2- and β3ARs, NO, and pro-inflammatory cytokines as potential therapeutic targets for pain patients with abnormalities in COMT physiology.
Carbon p Electron Ferromagnetism in Silicon Carbide
Creators: name: Wang, Y.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Wang, G.
name: Anwand, W.
name: Jenkins, C.
name: Arenholz, E.
name: Munnik, F.
name: Gordan, O.
name: Salvan, G.
name: Zahn, D. R. T.
name: Chen, X.
name: Gemming, S.
name: Helm, M.
name: Zhou, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ferromagnetism can occur in wide-band gap semiconductors as well as in carbon-based materials when specific defects are introduced. It is thus desirable to establish a direct relation between the defects and the resulting ferromagnetism. Here, we contribute to revealing the origin of defect-induced ferromagnetism using SiC as a prototypical example. We show that the long-range ferromagnetic coupling can be attributed to the p electrons of the nearest-neighbor carbon atoms around the VSiVC divacancies. Thus, the ferromagnetism is traced down to its microscopic, electronic origin.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures, Scientific Reports, in press (2015)
Automated Internet-based pain coping skills training to manage osteoarthritis pain: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Rini, Christine
name: Stiller, Jamie L.
name: Smith, Meredith
name: Porter, Laura S.
name: DeVellis, Robert F.
name: Goldman, Roberta
name: Jordan, Joanne M.
name: McKee, Daphne C.
name: Mariani, Cara
name: Ahern, David K.
name: Keefe, Francis J.
name: Winkel, Gary
name: Somers, Tamara J.
name: Caldwell, David S.
name: Patterson, Carol
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Osteoarthritis (OA) places a significant burden on worldwide public health because of the large and growing number of people affected by OA and its associated pain and disability. Pain coping skills training (PCST) is an evidence-based intervention targeting OA pain and disability. To reduce barriers that currently limit access to PCST, we developed an 8-week, automated, Internet-based PCST program called PainCOACH and evaluated its potential efficacy and acceptability in a small-scale, 2-arm randomized controlled feasibility trial. Participants were 113 men and women with clinically confirmed hip or knee OA and associated pain. They were randomized to a group completing PainCOACH or an assessment-only control group. Osteoarthritis pain, pain-related interference with functioning, pain-related anxiety, self-efficacy for pain management, and positive and negative affect were measured before intervention, midway through the intervention, and after intervention. Findings indicated high acceptability and adherence: 91% of participants randomized to complete PainCOACH finished all 8 modules over 8 to 10 weeks. Linear mixed models showed that, after treatment, women who received the PainCOACH intervention reported significantly lower pain than that in women in the control group (Cohen d = 0.33). Intervention effects could not be tested in men because of their low pain and small sample size. Additionally, both men and women demonstrated increases in self-efficacy from baseline to after intervention compared with the control group (d = 0.43). Smaller effects were observed for pain-related anxiety (d = 0.20), pain-related interference with functioning (d = 0.13), negative affect (d = 0.10), and positive affect (d = 0.24). Findings underscore the value of continuing to develop an automated Internet-based approach to disseminate this empirically supported intervention.
ECOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON HOLOTHURIA-TUBULOSA, HOLOTHURIA-POLI AND HOLOTHURIA-FORSKALI (ECHINODERMATA-HOLOTHUROIDEA) AND FEELING BEHAVIOR OF HOLOTHURIA-TUBULOSA
Creators: name: Massin, C.
name: Jangoux, M.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1976

Abstract
The splashback radius as a physical halo boundary and the growth of halo mass
Creators: name: More, Surhud
name: Diemer, Benedikt
name: Kravtsov, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The boundaries of cold dark matter halos are commonly defined to enclose a density contrast $Δ$ relative to a reference (mean or critical) density. We argue that a more physical boundary of halos is the radius at which accreted matter reaches its first orbital apocenter after turnaround. This splashback radius, $R_{sp}$, manifests itself as a sharp density drop in the halo outskirts, at a location that depends upon the mass accretion rate. We present calibrations of $R_{sp}$ and the enclosed mass, $M_{sp}$, as a function of the accretion rate and alternatively peak height. We find that $R_{sp}$ varies between $\approx0.8-1R_{200m}$ for rapidly accreting halos and $\approx1.5R_{200m}$ for slowly accreting halos. The extent of a halo and its associated environmental effects can thus extend well beyond the conventionally defined "virial" radius. We show that $M_{sp}$ and $R_{sp}$ evolve relatively strongly compared to other commonly used definitions. In particular, $M_{sp}$ evolves significantly even for the smallest dwarf-sized halos at $z=0$. We also contrast $M_{sp}$ with the mass enclosed within four scale radii of the halo density profile, $M_{<4rs}$, which characterizes the inner halo. During the early stages of halo assembly, $M_{sp}$ and $M_{<4rs}$ evolve similarly, but in the late stages $M_{<4rs}$ stops increasing while $M_{sp}$ continues to grow significantly. This illustrates that halos at low $z$ can have "quiet" interiors while continuing to accrete mass in their outskirts. We discuss potential observational estimates of the splashback radius and show that it may already have been detected in galaxy clusters.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, comments most welcome
Self-Adaptive Spike-Time-Dependent Plasticity of Metal-Oxide Memristors
Creators: name: Prezioso, M.
name: Merrikh-Bayat, F.
name: Hoskins, B.
name: Likharev, K.
name: Strukov, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Metal-oxide memristors have emerged as promising candidates for hardware implementation of artificial synapses - the key components of high-performance, analog neuromorphic networks - due to their excellent scaling prospects. Since some advanced cognitive tasks require spiking neuromorphic networks, which explicitly model individual neural pulses (spikes) in biological neural systems, it is crucial for memristive synapses to support the spike-time-dependent plasticity (STDP), which is believed to be the primary mechanism of Hebbian adaptation. A major challenge for the STDP implementation is that, in contrast to some simplistic models of the plasticity, the elementary change of a synaptic weight in an artificial hardware synapse depends not only on the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic signals, but also on the initial weight (memristor's conductance) value. Here we experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, STDP protocols that ensure self-adaptation of the average memristor conductance, making the plasticity stable, i.e. insensitive to the initial state of the devices. The experiments have been carried out with 200-nm Al2O3/TiO2-x memristors integrated into 12x12 crossbars. The experimentally observed self-adaptive STDP behavior has been complemented with numerical modeling of weight dynamics in a simple system with a leaky-integrate-and-fire neuron with a random spike-train input, using a compact model of memristor plasticity, fitted for quantitatively correct description of our memristors.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
COMT gene locus: new functional variants
Creators: name: Slade, Gary Dmitri
name: Ohrbach, Richard
name: Reenila, Ilkka
name: Maixner, William
name: Segall, Samantha K.
name: Piltonen, Marjo H.
name: Fillingim, Roger B.
name: Diatchenko, Luda
name: Parisien, Marc
name: Tsao, Douglas
name: Shabalina, Svetlana A.
name: Zaykin, Dmitri
name: Mannisto, Pekka T.
name: Rizzatti-Barbosa, Celia M.
name: Greenspan, Joel D.
name: Smith, Shad
name: Convertino, Marino
name: Dokholyan, Nikolay V.
name: Gauthier, Josee
name: Knott, Charles
name: Meloto, Carolina B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) metabolizes catecholaminergic neurotransmitters. Numerous studies have linked COMT to pivotal brain functions such as mood, cognition, response to stress, and pain. Both nociception and risk of clinical pain have been associated with COMT genetic variants, and this association was shown to be mediated through adrenergic pathways. Here, we show that association studies between COMT polymorphic markers and pain phenotypes in 2 independent cohorts identified a functional marker, rs165774, situated in the 3′ untranslated region of a newfound splice variant, (a)-COMT. Sequence comparisons showed that the (a)-COMT transcript is highly conserved in primates, and deep sequencing data demonstrated that (a)-COMT is expressed across several human tissues, including the brain. In silico analyses showed that the (a)-COMT enzyme features a distinct C-terminus structure, capable of stabilizing substrates in its active site. In vitro experiments demonstrated not only that (a)-COMT is catalytically active but also that it displays unique substrate specificity, exhibiting enzymatic activity with dopamine but not epinephrine. They also established that the pain-protective A allele of rs165774 coincides with lower COMT activity, suggesting contribution to decreased pain sensitivity through increased dopaminergic rather than decreased adrenergic tone, characteristic of reference isoforms. Our results provide evidence for an essential role of the (a)-COMT isoform in nociceptive signaling and suggest that genetic variations in (a)-COMT isoforms may contribute to individual variability in pain phenotypes.
First report of Limnoricus ponticus Dovgal & Lozowskiy (Ciliophora: Suctorea) as epibionts on Pycnophyes (Kinorhyncha) from the Indian Ocean with key to species of the genus Limnoricus
Creators: name: DOVGAL, Igor
name: CHATTERJEE, Tapas
name: INGOLE, Baban
name: NANAJKAR, Mandar
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2008

description: This article deals with the characteristics of the suctorian Limnoricus ponticus Dovgal & Lozowskiy, 2008 that was observed for the first time on Kinorhyncha as a host and in a new locality (the Indian Ocean). In addition to the refined diagnosis of the genus Limnoricus Jankowski, 1981, all other species characteristics and identification keys are also presented.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN TERMS OF CARBON AND NITROGEN FOR CENTROPAGES-TYPICUS AND TEMORA-STYLIFERA - ANALYSIS OF VARIATIONS IN RELATION WITH PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Creators: name: Boucher, J.
name: Razouls, C.
name: Razouls, S.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1976

Abstract
The Peano software - parallel, automaton-based, dynamically adaptive grid traversals
Creators: name: Weinzierl, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We discuss the design decisions, design alternatives and rationale behind the third generation of Peano, a framework for dynamically adaptive Cartesian meshes derived from spacetrees. Peano ties the mesh traversal to the mesh storage and supports only one element-wise traversal order resulting from space-filling curves. The user is not free to choose a traversal order herself. The traversal can exploit regular grid subregions and shared memory as well as distributed memory systems with almost no modifications to a serial application code. We formalize the software design by means of two interacting automata---one automaton for the multiscale grid traversal and one for the application-specific algorithmic steps. This yields a callback-based programming paradigm. We further sketch the supported application types and the two data storage schemes realized, before we detail high-performance computing aspects and lessons learned. Special emphasis is put on observations regarding the used programming idioms and algorithmic concepts. This transforms our report from a "one way to implement things" code description into a generic discussion and summary of some alternatives, rationale and design decisions to be made for any tree-based adaptive mesh refinement software.
L'estetico quale strumento di modellizzazione nella prospettiva della biosemiotica
Creators: name: Robuschi, Camilla
Publisher: name: Università degli studi di Trento
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biosemiotics; Aesthetics; Modeling System Theory.
subject: Biosemiotics
subject: Aesthetics
subject: Modeling System Theory

description: Il presente lavoro di ricerca vuole essere un contributo all’elaborazione di una teoria della modellizzazione estetica. L’idea di estetico che verrà sviluppata è solo in ultima istanza incentrata sulle opere d’arte, le quali saranno prese in considerazione nei termini di prodotti simbolici costituitivi della sfera culturale umana. Diversamente, nella prospettiva che vogliamo presentare, l’estetico sarebbe parte di un processo ecosistemico e di modellizzazione che coinvolge a vari livelli anche gli altri esseri viventi. L’estetico, ossia, sarebbe uno strumento utile alla creazione di specifici modelli che consentirebbero l’interfaccia con l’ambiente, dove l’obiettivo centrale del presente studio è quello di individuare il tipo di modelli che l’estetico permette di creare e il processo che conduce alla loro costituzione. La modellizzazione estetica, dunque, sarebbe tutt’altro che un comportamento accessorio o di sfondo, bensì uno strumento utile alla sopravvivenza che nell’essere umano trova la sua massima espressione nel simbolico quale capacità di produrre opere d’arte. Sotto questo aspetto, una teoria della modellizzazione estetica permette di superare quei binarismi che per secoli hanno impedito di studiare l’estetico in qualità di processo unitario e complesso. Il comportamento estetico sarebbe infatti una delle manifestazioni più evidenti della continuità tra cultura e natura, verbale e non verbale, soggetto e agente. Al fine di condurre un’indagine di questo tipo, ritengo utile utilizzare gli strumenti offerti dal campo di studi della biosemiotica, i quali permettono una visione biologica e relazionale dei fenomeni estetici. Gli obiettivi principali sono quelli di porre le basi per un ripensamento dell’estetica tradizionale e di riconsiderare il posizionamento dell’uomo all’interno della natura tramite l’analisi del comportamento estetico.
SOME SPECIES OF THE FAMILY LICHENOPORIDAE SMITT, 1866 (BRYOZOA, CYCLOSTOMIDA) IN THE ATLANTIC MEDITERRANEAN REGION .2. PRELIMINARY-STUDY ON THE GENUS LICHENOPORA DEFRANCE, 1823
Creators: name: Alvarez, J. A.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1993

description: On some species of the family Lichenoporidae Smitt, 1866 (Bryozoa, Cyclostomida) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Part II : preliminary study of the genus Lichenopora Defrance, 1823. Four species of the genus Lichenopora Defrance, one of them new to science, are fully described : Lichenopora radiata (Audouin), L. flosculus Hincks, L. verrucaria (Fabricius) and L. distincta sp. n. Other specimens from other regions in the world are briefly comented. The paper includes a key for the identification of the species on the European coasts.
Features and stability analysis of non-Schwarzschild black hole in quadratic gravity
Creators: name: Cai, Yi-Fu
name: Zhang, Hezi
name: Liu, Junyu
name: Cheng, Gong
name: Wang, Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black holes are found to exist in gravitational theories with the presence of quadratic curvature terms and behave differently from the Schwarzschild solution. We present an exhaustive analysis for determining the quasinormal modes of a test scalar field propagating in a new class of black hole backgrounds in the case of pure Einstein-Weyl gravity. Our result shows that the field decay of quasinormal modes in such a non-Schwarzschild black hole behaves similarly to the Schwarzschild one, but the decay slope becomes much smoother due to the appearance of the Weyl tensor square in the background theory. We also analyze the frequencies of the quasinormal modes in order to characterize the properties of new back holes, and thus, if these modes can be the source of gravitational waves, the underlying theories may be testable in future gravitational wave experiments. We briefly comment on the issue of quantum (in)stability in this theory at linear order.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, several references added, version published on JHEP
SUBLITTORAL MESOPSAMMIC POLYCHAETOUS ANNELIDS IN CEUTA (SPAIN)
Creators: name: Parapar, J.
name: Martin, G. S.
name: Urgorri, V.
name: Besteiro, C.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1993

description: In the present work, we study the polychaete fauna from four subtidal sand samples from the littoral area of Ceuta, a spanish city in the north coast of Africa. We recorded 83 species, making in ten of them some morphological and systematic comments. For Chrysopetalum caecum Langerhans, 1880, Opisthodonta pterochaeta Southern, 1914 and Grubeosyllis swedmarki (Gidholm, 1962), this is the most meridional reference in their distribution. Micronephthys minuta (Theel, 1879) is recorded for the first time in the East coast of the Atlantic Ocean. Miscelanea dentata Martin, Alos & Sarda, 1991 is recorded for the first time in the Atlantic Ocean. Pionosyllis dionisi Nunez & San Martin, 1991 and Miscelanea dentata are recorded and redescribed for the first time after their original description.
Additional file 1 of DMRscaler: a scale-aware method to identify regions of differential DNA methylation spanning basepair to multi-megabase features
Creators: name: Bondhus, Leroy
name: Wei, Angela
name: Arboleda, Valerie A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplemental Figures S1–S25, Supplemental Tables S1, S7, S8, S10–S12.
Supplemental materials from Can hyena behaviour provide information on population trends of sympatric carnivores?.
Creators: name: Green, David S.
name: Farr, Matthew T.
name: Holekamp, Kay E.
name: Strauss, Eli D.
name: Zipkin, Elise F.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Mammalian carnivores are declining worldwide owing to human activities. Behavioural indicators have the potential to help identify population trends and inform conservation actions, although this area of research is understudied. We investigate whether behaviour is linked to abundance in a community of carnivores in the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya. Anthropogenic disturbance increased exponentially in parts of the Reserve between 1988 and 2017, mainly owing to daily incursions by large numbers of livestock and tourists. Previous research showed that hyena behaviour changed markedly during this period. Through a series of vignettes, we inquire whether hyena behaviours correlate with changes in abundance of hyenas themselves, or those of other carnivore species in the region. We find that changes in spotted hyena behaviour in disturbed areas, but not in undisturbed areas, can be linked to changes in their demography (vignette 1). We also find that declines in observed lion–hyena interactions, as well as increases in spotted hyena abundance, are probably caused by competitive release of hyenas from declining lion abundance (vignette 2). Finally, we demonstrate that in some cases, hyena behaviour and demography is linked to the density and distribution of sympatric carnivores, and that behavioural changes in hyenas can provide information on shifts within the carnivore community (vignettes 3 and 4). Our vignettes reveal intriguing relationships between behaviour and demography that should be explored in future research. Pairing behavioural studies with more traditional monitoring efforts can yield useful insights regarding population and community trends, and aid wildlife conservation and management.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Linking behaviour to dynamics of populations and communities: application of novel approaches in behavioural ecology to conservation'.
Utility-Theoretic Ranking for Semi-Automated Text Classification
Creators: name: Berardi, Giacomo
name: Esuli, Andrea
name: Sebastiani, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: \emph{Semi-Automated Text Classification} (SATC) may be defined as the task of ranking a set $\mathcal{D}$ of automatically labelled textual documents in such a way that, if a human annotator validates (i.e., inspects and corrects where appropriate) the documents in a top-ranked portion of $\mathcal{D}$ with the goal of increasing the overall labelling accuracy of $\mathcal{D}$, the expected increase is maximized. An obvious SATC strategy is to rank $\mathcal{D}$ so that the documents that the classifier has labelled with the lowest confidence are top-ranked. In this work we show that this strategy is suboptimal. We develop new utility-theoretic ranking methods based on the notion of \emph{validation gain}, defined as the improvement in classification effectiveness that would derive by validating a given automatically labelled document. We also propose a new effectiveness measure for SATC-oriented ranking methods, based on the expected reduction in classification error brought about by partially validating a list generated by a given ranking method. We report the results of experiments showing that, with respect to the baseline method above, and according to the proposed measure, our utility-theoretic ranking methods can achieve substantially higher expected reductions in classification error.
description: Forthcoming on ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data
The Circumgalactic Medium of the Milky Way is Half Hidden
Creators: name: Zheng, Y.
name: Putman, M. E.
name: Peek, J. E. G.
name: Joung, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We assess the fraction of the Milky Way's circumgalactic medium (CGM) eluding detection due to its velocity being similar to gas in the disk. This is achieved using synthetic observations of the CGM in a simulated MW-mass galaxy that shows similar CGM kinematics to the MW and external L$\sim$L$_*$ galaxies. As viewed by a mock observer at a location similar to the Sun, only 50$\%$ (by mass) of the gas moves at high velocity ($|v_{\rm LSR}|\geq$100 km s$^{-1}$ or $|v_{\rm DEV}|\geq$50 km s$^{-1}$) in the simulated CGM and would be observable. The low velocity gas is thermodynamically similar to the high velocity gas, indicating the 50$\%$ observable fraction is applicable to spectral lines from the radio to the ultraviolet. We apply the observable mass fraction (50$\%$) to current estimates of the MW's CGM, and find a corrected total mass of 2.8$\times$10$^{8} M_{\odot}$ for gas below 10$^6$K within $\sim15$ kpc (this excludes the Magellanic System). This is less than the total mass of the CGM extending out to $\sim$150 kpc in other L$\sim$L$_*$ galaxies. However, we find similar OVI column densities when the discrepancy in path length between the MW and external galaxies is considered. The coherent spatial and kinematic distribution of low velocity gas in the simulated CGM suggests that current HI observations of the MW's CGM may miss large low velocity HI complexes. In addition, current mass estimates of the MW's CGM based on high-velocity line observations with distance constraints may miss a non-negligible fraction of gas in the outer halo which can be obscured if it moves at a velocity similar to the gas in the lower halo.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Lipid kinases as therapeutic targets for chronic pain
Creators: name: Wright, Brittany D.
name: Loo, Lipin
name: Zylka, Mark J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Existing analgesics are not efficacious in treating all patients with chronic pain and have harmful side effects when used long-term. A deeper understanding of pain signaling and sensitization could lead to the development of more efficacious analgesics. Nociceptor sensitization occurs under conditions of inflammation and nerve injury where diverse chemicals are released and signal through receptors to reduce the activation threshold of ion channels, leading to an overall increase in neuronal excitability [98; 28]. Drugs that inhibit specific receptors have so far been unsuccessful in alleviating pain, possibly because they do not simultaneously target the diverse receptors that contribute to nociceptor sensitization. Hence, focus has shifted towards targeting downstream convergence points of nociceptive signaling [98]. Lipid mediators, including phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), are attractive targets as these molecules are required for signaling downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Furthermore, PIP2 regulates the activity of various ion channels [80]. Thus, PIP2 sits at a critical convergence point for multiple receptors, ion channels and signaling pathways that promote and maintain chronic pain. Decreasing the amount of PIP2 in neurons was recently shown to attenuate pronociceptive signaling and could provide a novel approach for treating pain. Here, we review the lipid kinases that are known to regulate pain signaling and sensitization and speculate on which additional lipid kinases might regulate signaling in nociceptive neurons.
FREQUENCY AND DEGREE OF IMPOSEX AMONG SOME STENOGLOSSATE PROSOBRANCHIA ALONG THE FRENCH COAST (ESPECIALLY BRITTANY AND NORMANDY) .2. THE SITUATION UNTIL SPRING 1992
Creators: name: Oehlmann, J.
name: Stroben, E.
name: Fioroni, P.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1993

description: The further development of imposex on the French coasts (namely Brittany and Normandy) is analysed for 10 species of Meso- and Neogastropods (20 560 individuals). Beside the species already mentioned in 1988 (Fioroni et al., 1991 a) our description includes also Lamellaria perspicua, Trivia arctica, T. monacha, Ocinebrina aciculata and Colus gracilis. New stages/types of imposex (Fig. 2) allow a new evolutionary system of imposex valid in all species. The frequency of imposex attains mostly 100 % ; the VDS index is the best parameter for its intensity. Despite the official restrictions in the use of TBT (tributyltin), imposex has still more advanced namely in the Muricidae and attains in several species sterility and a shift of the sex ratio in favour of males (Ocinebrina aciculata, Nucella lapillus). Despite the general increase of imposex, the localities distant from harbours have conserved their favoured position.
A Remark on Regular Points of Ricci Limit Spaces
Creators: name: Chen, Lina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $Y$ be a Gromov-Hausdorff limit of complete Riemannian n-manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded from below. A point in $Y$ is called $k$-regular, if its tangent is unique and is isometric to an $k$-dimensional Euclidean space. By \cite{B5}, there is $k>0$ such that the set of all $k$-regular point $\mathcal{R}_k$ has a full renormalized measure. An open problem is if $\mathcal{R}_l=\emptyset$ for all $l
Supplementary material from Can hyena behaviour provide information on population trends of sympatric carnivores?
Creators: name: Green, David S.
name: Farr, Matthew T.
name: Holekamp, Kay E.
name: Strauss, Eli D.
name: Zipkin, Elise F.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Supplementary material from "Can hyena behaviour provide information on population trends of sympatric carnivores?"
Description of Syllis lagunae sp. nov. (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from the Southern Gulf of México and designation of a neotype for Syllis mexicana (Rioja, 1960)
Creators: name: TOVAR-HERNÂNDEZ, Marîa Ana
name: HERNÂNDEZ-ALCÂNTARA, Pablo
name: SOLÏS-WEISS, Vivianne
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2008

description: Syllis cornuta Rathke , 1843 is commonly recorded from the Southern Gulf of México. A recent comparison of specimens from the type locality area with the description of the neotype of S. cornuta and other material revealed that these records refer to an undescribed species. The new species is described herein as Syllis lagunae sp. nov., being unique in having bidentate pseudospinigers in which pectination reaches the subdistal tooth. The ventral cirrus is long and metameric discocilia structures are present. A neotype of Syllis mexicana (Rioja, 1960) is designated from the type locality (Términos Lagoon, Campeche, México) and a full description of the species is given.
Molecular genetic mechanisms of allelic specific regulation of murine Comt expression
Creators: name: Segall, Samantha K.
name: Wen, Xia
name: Gauthier, Josee
name: Tarantino, Lisa M.
name: Cunningham, Danielle
name: Diatchenko, Luda
name: Meloto, Carolina B.
name: Martin, Loren J.
name: Shabalina, Svetlana A.
name: Wiltshire, Tim
name: Mogil, Jeffrey S.
name: Tohyama, Sarasa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: A functional allele of the mouse catechol-O-methyltransferase (Comt) gene is defined by the insertion of a B2 short interspersed repeat element in its 3′-untranslated region (UTR). This allele has been associated with a number of phenotypes, such as pain and anxiety. In comparison with mice carrying the ancestral allele (Comt+), ComtB2i mice show higher Comt mRNA and enzymatic activity levels. Here, we investigated the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying this allelic specific regulation of Comt expression. Insertion of the B2 element introduces an early polyadenylation signal generating a shorter Comt transcript, in addition to the longer ancestral mRNA. Comparative analysis and in silico prediction of Comt mRNA potential targets within the transcript 3′ to the B2 element was performed and allowed choosing microRNA (miRNA) candidates for experimental screening: mmu-miR-3470a, mmu-miR-3470b, and mmu-miR-667. Cell transfection with each miRNA downregulated the expression of the ancestral transcript and COMT enzymatic activity. Our in vivo experiments showed that mmu-miR-667-3p is strongly correlated with decreasing amounts of Comt mRNA in the brain, and lentiviral injections of mmu-miR-3470a, mmu-miR-3470b, and mmu-miR-667 increase hypersensitivity in the mouse formalin model, consistent with reduced COMT activity. In summary, our data demonstrate that the Comt+ transcript contains regulatory miRNA signals in its 3′-untranslated region leading to mRNA degradation; these signals, however, are absent in the shorter transcript, resulting in higher mRNA expression and activity levels.
Position of arm loss and rate of arm regeneration by Luidia clathrata (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)
Creators: name: LAWRENCE, John M.
name: POMORY, Christopher M.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2008

description: Three contiguous arms of six individuals ,of the asteroid Luidia clathrata were amputated. The initial mean lengths (± SE) of the two intact arms were 57.36 ± 2.13 and 57.38 ± 1.97 mm. The initial mean lengths of the amputated arm stumps were 12 .18 ± 0.59 (proximal) , 25.9 1 ± 1.67 (medial) and 42 .25 ± 1.37 (distal) mm . Buds appeared on ali amputated anns after approximately 8 da ys. After 54 da ys prox imal, medial and distal regenerated arms had mean lengths (±SE) of 10.96 ± 0.90 , 7.69 ± 0.6  and 3.99 ± 0.38 mm , mean dry weights (±SE) of 41.75 ± 6.79, 20.95 ± 3.18, 8.07 ± 1.13 mg, and mean amounts of organic matter (pooled samples) of 6,3 and 1 mg, respectively. Ali three arm positions are stati stically different from one another (P < 0.001) . Appearance of arm buds is the first phase of arm regeneration and is independent of position of amputation (distance from disc). Growth of regenerating arms is the second phase and is dependent on position of amputation. Studies have reported rate of growth of intact arms and of arms regenerating from the disc also declines as the asymptotic length of the arm is reached. This suggests similar mechanisms of control of growth occur in all three situations , all depending on the relative position of the regenerating arm tip .
Supplementary analyses from Open science and modified funding lotteries can impede the natural selection of bad science.
Creators: name: Smaldino, Paul E.
name: Turner, Matthew A.
name: Kallens, Pablo A. Contreras
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: 80110 Simulation and Modelling

description: Assessing scientists using exploitable metrics can lead to the degradation of research methods even without any strategic behaviour on the part of individuals, via ‘the natural selection of bad science.’ Institutional incentives to maximize metrics like publication quantity and impact drive this dynamic. Removing these incentives is necessary, but institutional change is slow. However, recent developments suggest possible solutions with more rapid onsets. These include what we call open science improvements, which can reduce publication bias and improve the efficacy of peer review. In addition, there have been increasing calls for funders to move away from prestige- or innovation-based approaches in favour of lotteries. We investigated whether such changes are likely to improve the reproducibility of science even in the presence of persistent incentives for publication quantity through computational modelling. We found that modified lotteries, which allocate funding randomly among proposals that pass a threshold for methodological rigour, effectively reduce the rate of false discoveries, particularly when paired with open science improvements that increase the publication of negative results and improve the quality of peer review. In the absence of funding that targets rigour, open science improvements can still reduce false discoveries in the published literature but are less likely to improve the overall culture of research practices that underlie those publications.
IN-SITU GRAZING ACTIVITY OF PLANKTONIC COPEPODS IN THE GIRONDE ESTUARY
Creators: name: Irigoien, X.
name: Castel, J.
name: Sautour, B.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1993

description: Gut contents of Acartia bifilosa and Eurytemora affinis, temperature, salinity, chlorophyll pigments and suspended particulate matter concentration (SPM), have been measured during tidal cycles, in different seasons, in a highly turbid estuary, (Gironde, SW France). SPM concentration and chlorophyll pigments varied as a function of tide. There was a good correlation between chlorophyl pigments and SPM concentration. Phytoplankton ingestion, estimated between 165 and 569 ng C. cop-1. d-1 for E. affinis, and 133-545 ng C. cop-1. d-1 for A. bifilosa did not seem sufficient to sustain copepods metabolism. An exception was found for A. bifilosa during a phytoplankton bloom period, with a daily ingestion from 1 256 to 1 654 ng C. cop-1. d-1. In this case Acartia's nutritional requirements were probably completely covered by phytoplankton ingestion. Acartia's gut contents were related to chl a / SPM ratio, and were seriously affected by high SPM concentration.
Norepinephrine and dopamine transmission in 2 limbic regions differentially respond to acute noxious stimulation
Creators: name: Budygin, Evgeny A.
name: Park, Jinwoo
name: Mark Wightman, R.
name: Bucher, Elizabeth S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Acute tail pinch induces distinct changes in limbic catecholamine neurotransmission, which may promote the physiological and behavioral responses necessary for survival.
$S^1$-equivariant bordism, invariant metrics of positive scalar curvature, and rigidity of elliptic genera
Creators: name: Wiemeler, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C20, 57S15, 57R85, 58J26

description: We construct geometric generators of the effective $S^1$-equivariant Spin- (and oriented) bordism groups with two inverted. We apply this construction to the question of which $S^1$-manifolds admit invariant metrics of positive scalar curvature. It turns out that, up to taking connected sums with several copies of the same manifold, the only obstruction to the existence of such a metric is an $\hat{A}$-genus of orbit spaces. This $\hat{A}$-genus generalizes a previous definition of Lott for orbit spaces of semi-free $S^1$-actions. As a further application of our results, we give a new proof of the vanishing of the $\hat{A}$-genus of a Spin manifold with non-trivial $S^1$-action originally proven by Atiyah and Hirzebruch. Moreover, based on our computations we can give a bordism-theoretic proof for the rigidity of elliptic genera originally proven by Taubes and Bott--Taubes.
description: 43 pages; new in v4: results and presentatoin improved, to appear in J. Topol. Anal
Zoogeographical origin of the polychaete fauna of the Black and Azov seas
Creators: name: SURUGIU, Victor
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2008

description: Zoogeogeographical analysis of polychaete species from the Black and Azov seas shows the dominance of the Atlanto-Mediterranean species (37%), followed by the Cosmopolitan species (29%), the Arctic-Boreal species (13%), the Boreal-Tropical species (8%), the Boreal species (7%), the Meditenanean species (3%), the Ponto-Caspian relies (1 %), the Indo-Pacific species (1 %) and the Endemie species (1 %).
Targeted alterations in dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids improve life functioning and reduce psychological distress among patients with chronic headache: a secondary analysis of a randomized trial
Creators: name: Rapoport, Stanley I.
name: Davis, John M.
name: Mann, J. Douglas
name: Zamora, Daisy
name: Palsson, Olafur S.
name: Taha, Ameer Y.
name: MacIntosh, Beth A.
name: Hibbeln, Joseph R.
name: Gaylord, Susan
name: Faurot, Keturah R.
name: Ramsden, Christopher E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are precursors of bioactive lipid mediators posited to modulate both physical pain and psychological distress. In a randomized trial of 67 subjects with severe headaches, we recently demonstrated that targeted dietary manipulation-increasing omega-3 fatty acids with concurrent reduction in omega-6 linoleic acid (the H3-L6 intervention)-produced major reductions in headache compared with an omega-6 lowering (L6) intervention. Because chronic pain is often accompanied by psychological distress and impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL), we used data from this trial to examine whether the H3-L6 intervention favorably impacted these domains. Additionally, we examined the effect of the interventions on the number of cases with substantial physical or mental impairments as defined by cutoff values in the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18), Medical Outcomes Study Short Forms 12 (SF-12), Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), and the number of headache days per month. In the intention-to-treat analysis, participants in the H3-L6 group experienced statistically significant reductions in psychological distress (BSI-18 mean difference: -6.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -11.43 to -1.69) and improvements in SF-12 mental (mean difference: 6.01; 95% CI: 0.57 to 11.45) and physical (mean difference: 6.65; 95% CI: 2.14 to 11.16) health summary scores. At 12 weeks, the proportion of subjects experiencing substantial impairment according to cutoff values in the BSI-18, SF-12 physical, HIT-6, and headache days per month was significantly lower in the H3-L6 group. Dietary manipulation of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, previously shown to produce major improvements in headache, was found to also reduce psychological distress and improve HRQOL and function.