cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
LAND USE CHANGE AND COMPETITION IN THE SOUTH
Creators: name: Reynolds, John E.
name: Reynolds, John E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: land use change
subject: rural land use
subject: rural-urban conflict
subject: urban land conversion

description: The amount of land in urban and other special uses increased more than 50 percent since the 1960s in the South. Rural land converted to urban uses is directly related to increases in population in the South. Urban land-use coefficients were estimated to provide a measure of the amount of land converted to urban uses per person added to the population base. These coefficients indicate that from 1974 to 1987 two-thirds to three fourths of an acre of land was converted to urban uses for each person added to the population base. At this rate, about 12.6 million acres are expected to be converted to urban use in the South during the next two decades.
Heidtmann, Günter, Marsch, Wolf-Dieter, Rein, Gerhard, Stammler, Eberhard: Protestantische Texte aus dem Jahre 1967
Creators: name: Kemper, Claus
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 17 Nr. 3 (1968): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 17, Heft 3
Aname carina Raven 1985
Creators: name: Wilson, Jeremy D.
name: Harvey, Mark S.
name: Simmons, Leigh W.
name: Rix, Michael G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Anamidae
Aname
Aname carina

description: Aname carina Raven, 1985
AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; Holloway Beach; 16°51′ S, 145°44′ E; 9 Apr. 1978 – 8 Apr. 1980; A. Williamson leg.; QMB S1256.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Jeremy D., Harvey, Mark S., Simmons, Leigh W. & Rix, Michael G., 2025, An integrative systematic revision of the wishbone spiders (Araneae: Anamidae: Aname L. Koch, 1873) of subtropical and tropical eastern Australia, with the description of 55 new species, pp. 1-298 in European Journal of Taxonomy 985 on page 10, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.985.2845, http://zenodo.org/record/15169471
Additional file 1 of Attendance, activation and health profiles of participants, a prospective study on a regional cardiometabolic disease self-management program in Laval, Canada
Creators: name: Girard, Magali
name: Kaczorowski, Janusz
name: Marie-Thérèse Lussier
name: Martin, Vivianne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
The use of Monte Carlo simulations in the detection of nonstationarity in regional peak annual streamflow time series of British Columbia
Creators: name: Stonewall, Adam
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The stationarity of historical hydrological time series is a fundamental assumption of water resources management. When this assumption proves valid, a time series is regarded as a stochastic process with constant statistical parameters. Anthropogenic activities may invalidate this assumption. Land use changes within a watershed may alter hydrologic characteristics. On a more regional scale, increased levels of atmospheric CO2 could potentially result in perturbations of climatic patterns. In addition, evidence of cyclical patterns exists in historical climate records. Provided these changes are not offsetting, they may manifest themselves as nonstationarities in the statistical parameters of hydrologic time series. The objective of this study was to investigate the assumption of stationarity in long-term peak annual streamflow records across British Columbia. Twenty-five peak annual streamflow records were grouped into five delineated regions. Nonparametric statistical tests were applied to each streamflow series within the region. Each region was then 'collapsed' into a single figure representing the test parameter for that region. These parameters were tested for trends and jumps in location, dispersion and overall distribution characteristics of each region. Finally, the regional results were contrasted against various Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the probability that the magnitude of nonstationarity signified by each regional parameter could have resulted from random climatic variation. Evidence of drastic temporal decreases in mean peak annual floods suggested that stationarity is not a valid assumption for gauging stations located in the designated "East" region of British Columbia. A similar conclusion can be inferred for the region designated as "Mid North," where all flood frequency distribution parameters exhibit notable magnitudes of nonstationarity; Other regions showed inadequate evidence or do not contain enough information to dismiss the assumption of stationarity.
The fractal distribution of haloes
Creators: name: Gaite, Jose
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the proposal that a model of the large-scale matter distribution consisting of randomly placed haloes with power-law profile, as opposed to a fractal model, can account for the observed power-law galaxy-galaxy correlations. We conclude that such model, which can actually be considered as a degenerate multifractal model, is not realistic but suggests a new picture of multifractal models, namely, as sets of fractal distributions of haloes. We analyse, according to this picture, the properties of the matter distribution produced in cosmological N-body simulations, with affirmative results; namely, haloes of similar mass have a fractal distribution with a given dimension, which grows as the mass diminishes.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure (3 EPS files), accepted in Europhysics Letters
Lockdown Strategies, Mobility Patterns and COVID-19
Creators: name: Askitas, Nikos
name: Tatsiramos, Konstantinos
name: Verheyden, Bertrand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We develop a multiple-events model and exploit within and between country variation in the timing, type and level of intensity of various public policies to study their dynamic effects on the daily incidence of COVID-19 and on population mobility patterns across 135 countries. We remove concurrent policy bias by taking into account the contemporaneous presence of multiple interventions. The main result of the paper is that cancelling public events and imposing restrictions on private gatherings followed by school closures have quantitatively the most pronounced effects on reducing the daily incidence of COVID-19. They are followed by workplace as well as stay-at-home requirements, whose statistical significance and levels of effect are not as pronounced. Instead, we find no effects for international travel controls, public transport closures and restrictions on movements across cities and regions. We establish that these findings are mediated by their effect on population mobility patterns in a manner consistent with time-use and epidemiological factors.
EXPLORING OPTIONS FOR A NEW FARM BILL
Creators: name: Adams, Gary M.
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Adams, Gary M.
name: Richardson, James W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Three farm programs to increase support by $6 billion per year are analyzed. Higher marketing loan (ML), higher AMTA payments, and Modified Supplemental Income (SIP) program are evaluated at the sector and farm levels. At the sector level impacts on supply, demand, and price are modest with acreage shifts of less than two million acres. At the farm level SIP was preferred by cotton farms and higher ML was preferred by farms producing soybeans. Higher AMTA payments were preferred by 3 of 11 farms. Overall, SIP was ranked first or second by 10 of 11 representative farms.
Scale-invariant dynamics in the Solar System
Creators: name: Banik, Indranil
name: Kroupa, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The covariant scale-invariant dynamics (SID) theory has recently been proposed as a possible explanation for the observed dynamical discrepancies in galaxies (Maeder & Gueorguiev 2020). SID implies that these discrepancies $-$ commonly attributed to dark matter $-$ arise instead from a non-standard velocity-dependent force that causes two-body near-Keplerian orbits to expand. We show that the predicted expansion of the Earth-Moon orbit is incompatible with lunar laser ranging data at $>200σ$. Moreover, SID predicts that the gravitating mass of any object was much smaller in the past. If true, a low-mass red giant star must be significantly older than in standard theory. This would make it much older than the conventional age of the Universe, which however is expected to be similarly old in SID. Moreover, it is not completely clear whether SID truly contains new physics beyond General Relativity, with several previous works arguing that the extra degree of freedom is purely mathematical. We conclude that the SID model is falsified at high significance by observations across a range of scales, even if it is theoretically well formulated.
description: 5 pages, no figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters in this form
Medium Effects in Cooling of Neutron Stars and $3P_2$ Neutron Gap
Creators: name: Grigorian, H.
name: Voskresensky, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dependence of the cooling of isolated neutron stars on the magnitude of the $3P_2$ neutron gap. It is demonstrated that our ``nuclear medium cooling'' scenario is in favor of a suppressed value of the $3P_2$ neutron gap.
description: 18 p., 12 figs., extended version of astro-ph/0501678, accepted in A&A
On Scalar and Ricci Curvatures
Creators: name: Besson, Gerard
name: Gallot, Sylvestre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The purpose of this report is to acknowledge the influence of M. Gromov's vision of geometry on our own works. It is two-fold: in the first part we aim at describing some results, in dimension 3, around the question: which open 3-manifolds carry a complete Riemannian metric of positive or non negative scalar curvature? In the second part we look for weak forms of the notion of "lower bounds of the Ricci curvature" on non necessarily smooth metric measure spaces. We describe recent results some of which are already posted in [arXiv:1712.08386] where we proposed to use the volume entropy. We also attempt to give a new synthetic version of Ricci curvature bounded below using Bishop-Gromov's inequality.
Integrated Nebular Abundances of Disk Galaxies
Creators: name: Moustakas, John
name: Kennicutt, Robert C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study whether integrated optical spectroscopy of a disk galaxy can be used to infer the mean, or characteristic gas-phase oxygen abundance in the presence of systematic effects such as spatial abundance variations, contributions to the integrated emission-line spectrum from diffuse-ionized gas, and dust attenuation. Our sample consists of 14 nearby disk galaxies with integrated spectrophotometry, and observations of more than 250 individual HII regions culled from the literature. We consider both theoretical and empirical strong-line abundance calibrations based on the R23=([OII]+[OIII])/H-beta parameter. We find that the integrated oxygen abundance correlates well with the gas-phase abundance measured at a fixed galactocentric radius, as determined by the HII-region abundance gradient. The typical scatter in the correlation is +/-0.1 dex, independent of the abundance calibration, or whether the observed integrated emission-line fluxes, the reddening-corrected fluxes, or the emission-line equivalent widths are used. Integrated abundances based on the observed fluxes or equivalent widths, however, are susceptible to additional systematic effects of order 0.05-0.1 dex, at least for the range of reddenings and stellar populations spanned by our sample. Unlike the integrated R23 parameter, we find that the integrated [NII]/H-alpha and [SII]/H-alpha ratios are enhanced with respect to line-ratios typical of HII regions, consistent with a modest contribution from diffuse-ionized gas emission. We conclude that the R23 parameter can be used to reliably measure the gas-phase abundances of distant star-forming galaxies.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables, emulateapj style; ApJ, in press; replaced with accepted version (expanded analysis/discussion, main conclusions unchanged)
Meccanicamente. Mostra fotografica. Evoluzione delle macchine da raccolta delle colture ortive industriali con i contributi della ricerca di meccanica agraria
Creators: name: Rondelli, Valda
name: Molari, Giovanni
name: Bentini, Marco
name: Casadei, Francesco
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2021
Subjects: AGR/09 Meccanica agraria

description: La mostra "Meccanicamente: evoluzione delle macchine da raccolta delle colture ortive industriali con i contributi della ricerca di meccanica agraria”, disponibile online dal 13 dicembre 2021 sul sito web della Biblioteca di Agraria “G. Goidanich”, nasce dalla collaborazione tra la Biblioteca e l’ambito di Ingegneria Agraria del DISTAL. Hanno fatto parte del Comitato scientifico e organizzatore: Marco Bentini, Alberto Bussolari, Francesco Casadei, Fabio Chinnici, Roberta Giannotti, Roberta Martelli, Cristina Mazzanti, Michela Mengoli. Oltre al catalogo del materiale esposto, il presente volume contiene la presentazione a cura di Valda Rondelli e Giovanni Molari.
Additional file 1 of The Food, Feelings, and Family Study: comparison of the efficacy of traditional methods, social media, and broadcast email to recruit pregnant women to an observational, longitudinal nutrition study
Creators: name: Smith, Rebecca
name: Alvarez, Crystal
name: Crixell, Sylvia
name: Lane, Michelle A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1:. January 2019 FFF Study Newsletter. sample newsletter sent to stakeholders and participants.
Upper limit on the ultra-high-energy photon flux from AGASA and Yakutsk data
Creators: name: Rubtsov, G. I.
name: Dedenko, L. G.
name: Fedorova, G. F.
name: Fedunin, E. Yu.
name: Glushkov, A. V.
name: Gorbunov, D. S.
name: Makarov, I. T.
name: Pravdin, M. I.
name: Roganova, T. M.
name: Sleptsov, I. E.
name: Troitsky, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the interpretation of the muon and scintillation signals of ultra-high-energy air showers observed by AGASA and Yakutsk extensive air shower array experiments. We consider case-by-case ten highest energy events with known muon content and conclude that at the 95% confidence level (C.L.) none of them was induced by a primary photon. Taking into account statistical fluctuations and differences in the energy estimation of proton and photon primaries, we derive an upper limit of 36% at 95% C.L. on the fraction of primary photons in the cosmic-ray flux above 10^20 eV. This result disfavors the Z-burst and superheavy dark-matter solutions to the GZK-cutoff problem.
description: revtex, 8 pages, 4 figures
AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF FEED INGREDIENT PRICE RISK ON THE SELECTION OF MINIMUM COST BACKGROUNDING FEED RATIONS
Creators: name: Coffey, Brian K.
name: Coffey, Brian K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The traditional minimum cost feed ration linear programming model is expanded to permit risk management responses to price variability associated with feeding a particular ration across time. The cost minimizing objective function also considers feed cost in a mean-variance (E-V) framework. The model is specified using NRC nutrient requirements and an historic Feedstuffs price series. A decision-maker can choose his/her optimal ration by making tradeoffs between price risk and net income. The results should provide a basis for decision tools that allow livestock producers to manage the net income risk involved in the selection of a feed ration.
THE ECONOMICS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS UNDER IMPERFECT ENFORCEMENT: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THE TRIPS AGREEMENT
Creators: name: Giannakas, Konstantinos
name: Giannakas, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: biotechnology
subject: enforcement
subject: infringement
subject: intellectual property rights
subject: TRIPs agreement

description: This paper develops a model of heterogeneous producers to examine the economic causes of IPR infringement and its consequences for the welfare of the interest groups and the pricing and adoption of a new technology (i.e., a genetically modified seed) in the context of a small open developing economy. Enforcement of IPRs, and pricing and adoption of the new technology are modeled as a sequential game between the government that enforces the IPRs, a foreign innovating firm that prices the new technology, and the developing country’s producers who make the production and cheating decisions. Analytical results show that complete deterrence of IPR infringement is not always economically optimal. IPR infringement affects the welfare of the interest groups and has important ramifications for the pricing and adoption of the new technology. The quantitative nature of the results depends critically on the existing labeling regime. The analysis also shows that differences in the level of IPR enforcement provide an alternative justification for (and explanation of) differences in the pricing of the new technology in different countries around the world – a strategy adopted by leading innovators in the sector. Finally, the results suggest that if the penalties for IPR infringement under the TRIPs agreement follow the custom of retaliatory sanctions under the GATT, enforcement of IPRs will remain imperfect and the innovators’ ability to obtain value for their biotech traits will still be limited.
On Realism and Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Giuliani, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A discussion of the quantum mechanical use of superposition or entangled states shows that descriptions containing only statements about state vectors and experiments outputs are the most suitable for Quantum Mechanics. In particular, it is shown that statements about the undefined values of physical quantities before measurement can be dropped without changing the predictions of the theory. If we apply these ideas to EPR issues, we find that the concept of non-locality with its 'instantaneous action at a distance' evaporates. Finally, it is argued that usual treatments of philosophical realist positions end up in the construction of theories whose major role is that of being disproved by experiment. This confutation proves simply that the theories are wrong; no conclusion about realism (or any other philosophical position) can be drawn, since experiments deal always with theories and these are never logical consequences of philosophical positions.
description: 13 pages. Accepted for publication in Il Nuovo Cimento B
Correspondence between Israel-Stewart and first-order casual and stable hydrodynamics for the boost-invariant massive case with zero baryon density
Creators: name: Das, Arpan
name: Florkowski, Wojciech
name: Ryblewski, Radoslaw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exact correspondence between Israel-Stewart theory and first-order causal and stable hydrodynamics is established for the boost-invariant massive case with zero baryon density and the same constant relaxation times used in the shear and bulk sectors. Explicit expressions for the temperature dependent regulators are given for the case of a relativistic massive gas. The stability and causality conditions known in the first-order approach are applied and one finds that one of them is violated in this case.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
CONSERVATION FARMING IN ZAMBIA
Creators: name: Haggblade, Steven
name: Tembo, Gelson
name: Haggblade, Steven
name: Tembo, Gelson
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Farm Management

description: Declining soil fertility and recurrent drought pose serious challenges to farmers in Africas semi-arid regions, where half of all farmland suffers from erosion and nutrient depletion (Cleaver and Schreiber, 1997). In response, farmers and researchers across the continent have experimented with a broad array of soil and water conserving technologies (Reij et al., 1996). This paper describes the development and dissemination of one such technology from Zambia.
On O+ ion heating by BBELF waves at low altitude: Test particle simulations
Creators: name: Shen, Yangyang
name: Knudsen, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate mechanisms of wave-particle heating of ionospheric O$^{+}$ ions resulting from broadband extremely low frequency (BBELF) waves using numerical test particle simulations that take into account ion-neutral collisions, in order to explain observations from the Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe (e-POP) satellite at low altitudes ($\sim$400 km)[Shen et al., 2018]. We argue that in order to reproduce ion temperatures observed at e-POP altitudes, the most effective ion heating mechanism is through cyclotron acceleration by short-scale electrostatic ion cyclotron (EIC) waves with perpendicular wavelengths $λ_{\perp}$$\leq$200 m. The interplay between finite perpendicular wavelengths, wave amplitudes, and ion-neutral collision frequencies collectively determine the ionospheric ion heating limit, which begins to decrease sharply with decreasing altitude below approximately 500 km, where the ratio $\frac{ν_c}{f_{ci}}$ becomes larger than 10$^{-3}$, $ν_c$ and $f_{ci}$ denoting the O$^+$--O collision frequency and ion cyclotron frequency. We derive, both numerically and analytically, the ion gyroradius limit from heating by an EIC wave at half the cyclotron frequency. The limit is 0.28$λ_{\perp}$. The ion gyroradius limit from an EIC wave can be surpassed either through adding waves with different $λ_{\perp}$, or through stochastic "breakout", meaning ions diffuse in energy beyond the gyroradius limit due to stochastic heating from large-amplitude waves. Our two-dimensional simulations indicate that small-scale ($
description: In total 13 pages including 8 figures and 1 table. This preprint has been accepted for publication in Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics
Additional file 2 of The Food, Feelings, and Family Study: comparison of the efficacy of traditional methods, social media, and broadcast email to recruit pregnant women to an observational, longitudinal nutrition study
Creators: name: Smith, Rebecca
name: Alvarez, Crystal
name: Crixell, Sylvia
name: Lane, Michelle A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2:. February 2019 FFF Study Newsletter. sample newsletter sent to stakeholders and participants.
Hybridization of Bogoliubov-quasiparticles between adjacent CuO$_2$ layers in the triple-layer cuprate Bi$_2$Sr$_2$Ca$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{10+δ}$ studied by ARPES
Creators: name: Ideta, S.
name: Johnston, S.
name: Yoshida, T.
name: Tanaka, K.
name: Mori, M.
name: Anzai, H.
name: Ino, A.
name: Arita, M.
name: Namatame, H.
name: Taniguchi, M.
name: Ishida, S.
name: Takashima, K.
name: Kojima, K. M.
name: Devereaux, T. P.
name: Uchida, S.
name: Fujimori, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hybridization of Bogoliubov quasiparticles (BQPs) between the CuO$_2$ layers in the triple-layer cuprate high-temperature superconductor Bi$_2$Sr$_2$Ca$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{10+δ}$ is studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). In the superconducting state, an anti-crossing gap opens between the outer- and inner-BQP bands, which we attribute primarily to interlayer single-particle hopping with possible contributions from interlayer Cooper pairing. We find that the $d$-wave superconducting gap of both BQP bands smoothly develops with momentum without abrupt jump in contrast to a previous ARPES study. Hybridization between the BQPs also gradually increases in going from the off-nodal to the anti-nodal region, which is explained by the momentum-dependence of the interlayer single-particle hopping. As possible mechanisms for the enhancement of the superconducting transition temperature, the hybridization between the BQPs, as well as the combination of phonon modes of the triple CuO$_2$ layers and spin fluctuations are discussed.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Multi-epoch VLBA observations of T Tauri South
Creators: name: Loinard, Laurent
name: Mioduszewski, Amy
name: Rodriguez, Luis. F.
name: Gonzalez, Rosa A.
name: Rodriguez, Monica I.
name: Torres, Rosa M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter, we present a series of seven observations of the compact, non-thermal radio source associated with T Tauri South made with the Very Long Baseline Array over the course of one year. The emission is found to be composed of a compact structure most certainly originating from the magnetosphere of an underlying pre-main sequence star, and a low-brightness extension which may result from reconnection flares at the star-disk interface. The accuracy of the absolute astrometry offered by the VLBA allows very precise determinations of the trigonometric parallax and proper motion of T Tau South. The proper motion derived from our VLBA observations agrees with that measured with the VLA over a similar period to better than 2 mas yr$^{-1}$, and is fully consistent with the infrared proper motion of T Tau Sb, the pre-main sequence M star with which the radio source has traditionally been associated. The parallax, $π$ = 7.07 $\pm$ 0.14 mas, corresponds to a distance of 141.5$^{+2.8}_{-2.7}$ pc.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted by ApJ Letters (Feb. 2005)
All Coronal Loops are the Same: Evidence to the Contrary
Creators: name: Schmelz, J. T.
name: Nasraoui, K.
name: Richardson, V. L.
name: Hubbard, P. J.
name: Nevels, C. R.
name: Beene, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 1998 April 20 spectral line data from the Coronal Diagnostics Spectrometer (CDS) on the {\it Solar and Heliospheric Observatory} (\SOHO) shows a coronal loop on the solar limb. Our original analysis of these data showed that the plasma was multi-thermal, both along the length of the loop and along the line of sight. However, more recent results by other authors indicate that background subtraction might change these conclusions, so we consider the effect of background subtraction on our analysis. We show Emission Measure (EM) Loci plots of three representative pixels: loop apex, upper leg, and lower leg. Comparisons of the original and background-subtracted intensities show that the EM Loci are more tightly clustered after background subtraction, but that the plasma is still not well represented by an isothermal model. Our results taken together with those of other authors indicate that a variety of temperature structures may be present within loops.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Quantum Computing: A Taxonomy, Systematic Review and Future Directions
Creators: name: Gill, Sukhpal Singh
name: Kumar, Adarsh
name: Singh, Harvinder
name: Singh, Manmeet
name: Kaur, Kamalpreet
name: Usman, Muhammad
name: Buyya, Rajkumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.5

description: Quantum computing is an emerging paradigm with the potential to offer significant computational advantage over conventional classical computing by exploiting quantum-mechanical principles such as entanglement and superposition. It is anticipated that this computational advantage of quantum computing will help to solve many complex and computationally intractable problems in several areas such as drug design, data science, clean energy, finance, industrial chemical development, secure communications, and quantum chemistry. In recent years, tremendous progress in both quantum hardware development and quantum software/algorithm have brought quantum computing much closer to reality. Indeed, the demonstration of quantum supremacy marks a significant milestone in the Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) era - the next logical step being the quantum advantage whereby quantum computers solve a real-world problem much more efficiently than classical computing. As the quantum devices are expected to steadily scale up in the next few years, quantum decoherence and qubit interconnectivity are two of the major challenges to achieve quantum advantage in the NISQ era. Quantum computing is a highly topical and fast-moving field of research with significant ongoing progress in all facets. This article presents a comprehensive review of quantum computing literature, and taxonomy of quantum computing. Further, the proposed taxonomy is used to map various related studies to identify the research gaps. A detailed overview of quantum software tools and technologies, post-quantum cryptography and quantum computer hardware development to document the current state-of-the-art in the respective areas. We finish the article by highlighting various open challenges and promising future directions for research.
description: 37 pages, 7 figures, 12 tables; paper accepted for publication in "Software: Practice and Experience", Wiley Press, USA on Sept. 22, 2021
Hubbard ladders at small $U$ revisited
Creators: name: Gannot, Yuval
name: Jiang, Yi-Fan
name: Kivelson, Steven A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We re-examine the zero temperature phase diagram of the two-leg Hubbard ladder in the small $U$ limit, both analytically and using density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG). We find a ubiquitous Luther-Emery phase, but with a crossover in behavior at a characteristic interaction strength, $U^\star$; for $U \gtrsim U^\star$, there is a single emergent correlation length $\log[ξ] \sim 1/U$, characterizing the gapped modes of the system, but for $U\lesssim U^\star$ there is a hierarchy of length scales, differing parametrically in powers of $U$, reflecting a two-step renormalization group flow to the ultimate fixed point. Finally, to illustrate the versatility of the approach developed here, we sketch its implications for a half-filled triangular lattice Hubbard model on a cylinder, and find results in conflict with inferences concerning the small $U$ phase from recent DMRG studies of the same problem.
description: 13+4 pages, 7+5 figures
MARKET IMPERFECTIONS AND LAND PRODUCTIVITY IN THE ETHIOPIAN HIGHLANDS
Creators: name: Holden, Stein T.
name: Shiferaw, Bekele A.
name: Pender, John L.
name: Holden, Stein T.
name: Shiferaw, Bekele A.
name: Pender, John L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Market imperfections
subject: land productivity
subject: Ethiopian highlands

description: This study analyzes how market imperfections affect land productivity in a degraded low-potential cereal- livestock economy in the Ethiopian highlands. A wide array of variables is used to control for land quality in the analysis. Results of three different selection models were compared with least squares models using the HC3 heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator. Market imperfections in labor and land markets were found to affect land productivity. Land productivity was positively correlated with household male and female labor force per unit of land. Female-headed households achieved much lower land productivity than male- headed households. Old age of household heads was also correlated with lower land productivity. Imperfections in the rental market for oxen appeared to cause overstocking of oxen by some households. Conservation technologies had no significant positive short-run effect on land productivity. The main results were consistent across the different econometric models.
Upper limits on the central black hole masses of 47Tuc and NGC6397
Creators: name: De Rijcke, S.
name: Buyle, P.
name: Dejonghe, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present upper-limits on the masses of the putative central intermediate-mass black holes in two nearby Galactic globular clusters: 47Tuc (NGC104), the second brightest Galactic globular cluster, and NGC6397, a core-collapse globular cluster and, with a distance of 2.7 kpc, quite possibly the nearest globular cluster, using a technique suggested by T. Maccarone. These mass estimates have been derived from 3sigma upper limits on the radio continuum flux at 1.4 GHz, assuming that the putative central black hole accretes the surrounding matter at a rate between 0.1% and 1% of the Bondi accretion rate. For 47Tuc, we find a 3sigma upper limit of 2060 - 670 solar masses, depending on the actual accretion rate of the black hole and the distance to 47Tuc. For NGC6397, which is closer to us, we derive a 3sigma upper limit of 1290 - 390 solar masses. While estimating mass upper-limits based on radio continuum observations requires making assumptions about the gas density and the accretion rate of the black hole, their derivation does not require complex and time consuming dynamical modeling. Thus, this method offers an independent way of estimating black hole masses in nearby globular clusters. If, generally, central black holes in stellar systems accrete matter faster than 0.1% of the Bondi accretion rate, then these results indicate the absence of black holes in these globular clusters with masses as predicted by the extrapolated M-sigma relation.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication by MNRAS
Additional file 3 of The Food, Feelings, and Family Study: comparison of the efficacy of traditional methods, social media, and broadcast email to recruit pregnant women to an observational, longitudinal nutrition study
Creators: name: Smith, Rebecca
name: Alvarez, Crystal
name: Crixell, Sylvia
name: Lane, Michelle A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. Facebook groups and pages joined or contacted to promote FFF Study. list of Facebook groups.
DOES LAND TENURE INSECURITY DISCOURAGE TREE PLANTING? EVOLUTION OF CUSTOMARY LAND TENURE AND AGROFORESTRY MANAGEMENT IN SUMATRA
Creators: name: Otsuka, Keijiro
name: Suyanto, S.
name: Tomich, Thomas P.
name: Otsuka, Keijiro
name: Suyanto, S.
name: Tomich, Thomas P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: It is widely believed that land tenure insecurity under a customary tenure system leads to socially inefficient resource allocation. This article demonstrates that land tenure insecurity promotes tree planting, which is inefficient from the private point of view but could be relatively efficient from the viewpoint of the global environment. Regression analysis, based on primary data collected in Sumatra, indicates that tenure insecurity in fact leads to early tree planting. It is also found that customary land tenure institutions have been evolving towards greater tenure security responding to increasing scarcity of land.
WATER RIGHTS AND MULTIPLE WATER USES: FRAMEWORK AND APPLICATION TO KIRINDI OYA IRRIGATION SYSTEM, SRI LANKA
Creators: name: Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela
name: Bakker, Margaretha
name: Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela
name: Bakker, Margaretha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The growing attention to water rights in recent years reflects the increasing scarcity and competition for this vital resource. Because rights are at the heart of any water allocation system, they are also critical for any reallocation. Not only efficiency, but also fundamental issues of equity are at stake. But just as water is a fluid and dynamic resource, flowing and seeping in many channels, so also water rights are fluid and dynamic, rarely a single, consistent system. To understand water rights requires going beyond formal statutory law (which may or may not be followed), to look at the many bases for claiming water. Because of the vital nature of this resource, state law, religious law, customary law and local norms all have something to say in defining water rights. The delineation of water rights is further complicated when we take into consideration multiple uses (irrigation, domestic, fishing, livestock, industries, etc.) as well as multiple users (different villages, groups of farmers in the head and tail, fishermen, cattle owners, etc.) of the resource. These overlapping uses bring in different government agencies, as well as different sets of norms and rules related to water. This paper provides a framework for examining the statutory and customary water rights of multiple users of water and applies it in the Kirindi Oya irrigation system in Sri Lanka, based on a multidisciplinary study conducted in 1997-1998. It demonstrates that the range of stakeholders with an interest in water resources of an irrigation system go far beyond the owners and cultivators of irrigated fields. As such, these groups are not only claimants on the ongoing management of water resource systems, but also need to be included in any considerations of transferring water from irrigation to other uses.
Identifying Primordial Substructure in NGC 2264
Creators: name: Teixeira, Paula S.
name: Lada, Charles J.
name: Young, Erick T.
name: Marengo, Massimo
name: Muench, August
name: Muzerolle, James
name: Siegler, Nick
name: Rieke, George
name: Hartmann, Lee
name: Megeath, S. Thomas
name: Fazio, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new Spitzer Space Telescope observations of the young cluster NGC2264. Observations at 24 micron with the Multiband Imaging Photometer has enabled us to identify the most highly embedded and youngest objects in NGC2264. This letter reports on one particular region of NGC2264 where bright 24 micron sources are spatially configured in curious linear structures with quasi-uniform separations. The majority of these sources (~60% are found to be protostellar in nature with Class I spectral energy distributions. Comparison of their spatial distribution with sub-millimeter data from Wolf-Chase (2003) and millimeter data from Peretto et al. (2005) shows a close correlation between the dust filaments and the linear spatial configurations of the protostars, indicating that star formation is occurring primarily within dense dusty filaments. Finally, the quasi-uniform separations of the protostars are found to be comparable in magnitude to the expected Jeans length suggesting thermal fragmentation of the dense filamentary material.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL, 5 pages, 4 figures. Color version available from the following webpages: http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~pteixeir/ and http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~clada/
Governance and outcomes of collaboration: a large sample study of nonprofit networks
Creators: name: Shakirova, Razilya
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: Collaboration has become a common way for nonprofit organizations to address important social and economic issues facing communities. The form of governance of a collaborative network, which involves coordinating and guiding its participants’ actions, represents a critical feature that shapes the ability of the network to achieve its goals. However, little is known about the factors that influence the adoption of a particular form of network governance (e.g., a centralized form over a non-centralized form, the specific forms of centralized governance), and little is understood about how the form of governance influences network outcomes. In response, this study examined these questions using a mixed-methods approach involving in-depth semi-structured interviews together with a large-n survey of collaborative networks in the Foundation Center’s Nonprofit Collaboration Database. A total of 20 semi-structured interviews with network representatives provided a nuanced understanding of network governance and outcomes and helped refine the research questions and hypotheses. An original survey of 177 representatives of nonprofit networks allowed for the statistical analysis of the patterns of collaboration governance and outcomes as well as the testing of hypotheses derived from the literature review and interviews. The survey results demonstrate the pervasiveness of a centralized form of governance, with almost equal adoption of either a lead organization or an administrative organization, across the collaborative networks studied. The research revealed contextual factors and network characteristics with significant influences on the adoption of a centralized form over a non-centralized form of governance, an administrative organization form over a lead organization form of centralized governance, and the involvement of member organizations in governance. The results show that networks with centralized governance are more successful in achieving goals compared to networks with non-centralized governance. The study also found that networks governed by a central organization with greater member involvement in governance achieve higher levels of social capital, collaborative learning, and progress toward goals in comparison to those with less member involvement. This dissertation contributes new evidence about collaborative governance in the nonprofit sector, the adoption of centralized and non-centralized forms of network governance, and the achievement of collaboration outcomes.
MANAGING DROUGHTS IN THE LOW-RAINFALL AREAS OF THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
Creators: name: Hazell, Peter B.R.
name: Oram, Peter A.
name: Chaherli, Nabil M.
name: Hazell, Peter B.R.
name: Oram, Peter A.
name: Chaherli, Nabil M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Drought management
subject: Dryland agriculture
subject: Middle East and North Africa

description: Drought is a recurrent and often devastating threat to the welfare of countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) where three-quarters of the arable land has less than 400 mm of annual rainfall, and the natural grazings, which support a majority of the 290 million ruminant livestock, have less than 200 mm. Its impact has been exacerbated in the last half century by the human population increasing yearly at over 3%, while livestock numbers have risen by 50% over the quinquennium. Virtually no scope exists for further expansion of rainfed farming and very little for irrigation, hence there is competition between mechanized cereal production and grazing in the low rainfall areas, and traditional nomadic systems of drought management through mobility are becoming difficult to maintain. Moreover droughts seem to be increasing in frequency, and their high social, economic, and environmental costs have led governments to intervene with various forms of assistance to farmers and herders, including distribution of subsidized animal feed, rescheduling of loans, investments in water development, and in animal health. In this paper we examine the nature and significance of these measures, both with respect to their immediate benefits and costs to the recipients and to governments, and to their longer term impact on poverty and the environment. We conclude that while they have been valuable in reducing catastrophic losses of livestock and thus alleviating poverty, especially in the low rainfall areas where they are the predominant source of income, continued dependence on these programs has sent inappropriate signals to farmers and herders, leading to moral hazards, unsustainable farming practices, and environmental degradation, while generally benefiting the affluent recipients most. Moreover, they have tended to escalate and become an administrative and financial burden to their governments. Alternative approaches to drought management need to be explored, and possibilities discussed here include area-based rainfall insurance against catastrophic droughts, and the development of more accurate timely, and accessible early warning drought forecasts. While we envisage the insurance as an unsubsidized private sector initiative with a number of attractive features, it would require strong support from the government in its formative stages. Improved weather forecasts are likely to remain a government responsibility in the immediate future and would help administrators and relief agencies position themselves for more efficient drought interventions, as well as farmers to adjust their plans to rainfall outcomes.
POPULATION, LAND TENURE, AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: THE CASE OF CUSTOMARY LAND AREA IN MALAWI
Creators: name: Place, Frank
name: Otsuka, Keijiro
name: Place, Frank
name: Otsuka, Keijiro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: This paper uses cross section-time series data on 57 communities in Malawi to determine statistically the factors determining changes in land use, tree cover, and crop yield. The econometric model is developed from a theoretical model which also endogenizes population growth and prevailing land tenure institutions within the customary sector of Malawi. The analysis reflects changes between 1971 and 1995, utilizing aerial photos taken at these dates and complementing these with field surveys. The data show a deterioration of Malawi's natural resource base: declining yields, loss of tree cover, and near exhaustion of land for agricultural expansion. Key findings are that population pressure induces land conversion but not yield or tree cover change; the matrilocal system of household residence is negatively associated with tree cover but induces agricultural conversion; and there is some improvement in management of resources as their scarcity increases. Policy recommendations include greater focus on agroforestry to increase tree cover as woodland areas are poorly managed, and increased effort to improve market integration since this benefits crop yields without adverse effects on tree cover.