cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Access to Land, and Poverty Reduction in Rural Zambia: Connecting the Policy Issues
Creators: name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Zulu, Ballard
name: Kajoba, Gear
name: Weber, Michael T.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Zulu, Ballard
name: Kajoba, Gear
name: Weber, Michael T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: AGRICULTURE
subject: ZAMBIA
subject: LAND
subject: POVERTY

description: It might be considered unlikely that inadequate access to land would be one of the major causes of rural poverty in Zambia. However, evidence presented in this paper shows that economically viable arable land is not in great abundance in Zambia after considering the current situation with respect to access to road infrastructure and access to services and markets. In fact, access to land is already a major problem for large segments of the rural population in Zambia. Moreover, depending of future land allocation policy, access to good quality land with a market potential may become increasingly beyond the reach of many small-scale farm households, making it more difficult to achieve a smallholder-led, pro-poor agricultural development trajectory.
Brillouin-Kerr soliton frequency combs in an optical microresonator
Creators: name: Bai, Yan
name: Zhang, Menghua
name: Shi, Qi
name: Ding, Shulin
name: Xie, Zhenda
name: Jiang, Xiaoshun
name: Xiao, Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By generating a Brillouin laser in an optical microresonator, we realize a soliton Kerr microcomb through exciting the Kerr frequency comb using the generated Brillouin laser in the same cavity. The intracavity Brillouin laser pumping scheme enables us to access the soliton states with a blue-detuned input pump. Due to the ultra-narrow linewidth and the low-noise properties of the generated Brillouin laser, the observed soliton microcomb exhibits narrow-linewidth comb lines and stable repetition rate even by using a diode laser with relatively broad linewidth. Also, we demonstrate a low-noise microwave signal with phase noise levels of -24 dBc/Hz at 10 Hz, -111 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz, and -147 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offsets for a 11.14 GHz carrier with only a free-running input pump. The easy operation of the Brillouin-Kerr soliton microcomb with excellent performance makes our scheme promising for practical applications.
Potential for Intra-Regional Maize Trade in Southern Africa: an Analysis for Zambia at the Sub-National Level
Creators: name: Haggblade, Steven
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Tschirley, David L.
name: Longabaugh, Steven
name: Haggblade, Steven
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Tschirley, David L.
name: Longabaugh, Steven
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: food security
subject: policy
subject: Zambia
subject: Africa
subject: maize
subject: trade

description: This working paper explores the prospects for regional maize trade in helping to stabilize food availability and prices in Zambia. It reviews these general prospects within the maize economy of southern Africa. Given the important regional differences in Zambia’s food economy, it explores spatial differences in national food production, consumption and marketed surpluses. It also evaluates the impact of regional maize trade on price stability and food security in different parts of Zambia. The empirical evidence from Zambia, summarized in this paper, suggests that both consumers and farmers stand to benefit from the reduced price volatility that results from opening borders to regional trade in food staples.
Measurement of the inclusive and differential Higgs boson production cross sections in the leptonic WW decay mode at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurement of the fiducial inclusive and differential production cross sections of the Higgs boson in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV are performed using events where the Higgs boson decays into a pair of W bosons that subsequently decay into a final state with an electron, a muon, and a pair of neutrinos. The analysis is based on data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC during 2016-2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{-1}$. Production cross sections are measured as a function of the transverse momentum of the Higgs boson and the associated jet multiplicity. The Higgs boson signal is extracted and simultaneously unfolded to correct for selection efficiency and resolution effects using maximum-likelihood fits to the observed distributions in data. The integrated fiducial cross section is measured to be 86.5 $\pm$ 9.5 fb, consistent with the Standard Model expectation of 82.5 $\pm$ 4.2 fb. No significant deviation from the Standard Model expectations is observed in the differential measurements.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIG-19-002 (CMS Public Pages)
Relating the Green-Schwarz and Pure Spinor Formalisms for the Superstring
Creators: name: Berkovits, Nathan
name: Marchioro, Dafni Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although it is not known how to covariantly quantize the Green-Schwarz (GS) superstring, there exists a semi-light-cone gauge choice in which the GS superstring can be quantized in a conformally invariant manner. In this paper, we prove that BRST quantization of the GS superstring in semi-light-cone gauge is equivalent to BRST quantization using the pure spinor formalism for the superstring.
description: 16 pages, JHEP format, fixed typos and added 2 footnotes
Cohorts and coalition building for First Nations graduate students
Creators: name: Van Der Wey, Dolores
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Cohorts are commonly formed in Indigenous undergraduate and graduate education programs. In this dissertation, I critique the notion that cohorts are necessarily safe spaces for First Nations female graduate students and argue that cohorts must be sites for coalition work and building bridges across differences both within the cohort and in mainstream contexts. I conducted initial and follow-up open-ended semi-structured interviews with 13 women with whom I had worked in First Nations educational contexts in some capacity in recent years, including as course instructor and coordinator of an educational leadership initiative. Semi-structured interviews allowed me to pursue topics raised by interviewees in some depth, and to ask them about topics raised earlier in their own or others' interviews. The women responded to queries about their educational experiences, thoughts on the beneficial and challenging aspects of cohort membership, views on the importance of First Nations curricula and pedagogy, experiences with voice and silencing in the academy, and highlights of their cross-cultural experiences. The research revealed that although participants felt that there were many beneficial aspects to their cohort membership, including the supportive environment, shared purpose, and shared sense of humor, a significant number of participants spoke about First Nations identity issues and the frequency and pain of being silenced within their cohorts as well as in mainstream classrooms. Cohort members and coordinators must articulate goals of membership that include building bridges between gulfs of difference, naming issues of power, and planning a course of action for attaining goals so that there will be a shared purpose for and among members. I argue that open cohorts offer the potential for attaining those goals.
Reproducing sub-millimetre galaxy number counts with cosmological hydrodynamic simulations
Creators: name: Lovell, Christopher C.
name: Geach, James E.
name: Davé, Romeel
name: Narayanan, Desika
name: Li, Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Matching the number counts of high-$z$ sub-millimetre-selected galaxies (SMGs) has been a long standing problem for galaxy formation models. In this paper, we use 3D dust radiative transfer to model the sub-mm emission from galaxies in the SIMBA cosmological hydrodynamic simulations, and compare predictions to the latest single-dish observational constraints on the abundance of 850$\mathrm{μm}$-selected sources. We find good agreement with the shape of the integrated 850$\mathrm{μm}$ luminosity function, and the normalisation is within 0.25 dex at $> 3 \; \mathrm{mJy}$, unprecedented for a fully cosmological hydrodynamic simulation, along with good agreement in the redshift distribution of bright SMGs. The agreement is driven primarily by SIMBA's good match to infrared measures of the star formation rate (SFR) function between $z = 2-4$ at high SFRs. Also important is the self-consistent on-the-fly dust model in SIMBA, which predicts, on average, higher dust masses (by up to a factor of 2.5) compared to using a fixed dust-to-metals ratio of 0.3. We construct a lightcone to investigate the effect of far-field blending, and find that 52% of sources are blends of multiple components, which makes a small contribution to the normalisation of the bright-end of the number counts. We provide new fits to the 850$\mathrm{μm}$ luminosity as a function of SFR and dust mass. Our results demonstrate that exotic solutions to the discrepancy between sub-mm counts in simulations and observations, such as a top-heavy IMF, are unnecessary, and that sub-millimetre-bright phases are a natural consequence of massive galaxy evolution.
description: 23 pages, 21 figures, Accepted to MNRAS
Vortex matter in the charged Bose liquid at absolute zero
Creators: name: Kabanov, V. V.
name: Alexandrov, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Gross-Pitaevskii-type equation is solved for the charge Bose liquid in the external magnetic field at zero temperature. There is a vortex lattice with locally broken charge neutrality. The boson density is modulated in real space and each vortex is charged. Remarkably, there is no upper critical field at zero temperature, so the density of single flux-quantum vortices monotonously increases with the magnetic field up to B=infinity and no indication of a phase transition. The size of each vortex core decreases as about 1/sqrt(B) keeping the system globally charge neutral. If bosons are composed of two fermions, a phase transition to a spin-polarized Fermi liquid at some magnetic field larger than the pair-breaking field is predicted.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, references updated
A Methodology to Evaluate the Impact of Cost Recovery in Canadian Agriculture and Agri-Food Chains
Creators: name: Short, Cameron
name: Short, Cameron
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: This publication is a technical report describing the methodology Strategic Policy Branch used in its cumulative impact study (which was published in 1998). The purpose is to further document the methodology and adapt it to estimate coefficients which can be used to assist in the analysis of proposed fees. Its main audience is policy analysts within government. The report presents a description of the economic analysis of user fees, describes a mathematical model used to quantitatively assess the impact of a change in user fees, and presents sets of coefficients or multipliers which can be used to estimate the incidence of proposed fees.
Semiclassical analysis of a complex quartic Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Bender, Carl M.
name: Brody, Dorje C.
name: Jones, Hugh F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is necessary to calculate the C operator for the non-Hermitian PT-symmetric Hamiltonian H=\half p^2+\halfμ^2x^2-λx^4 in order to demonstrate that H defines a consistent unitary theory of quantum mechanics. However, the C operator cannot be obtained by using perturbative methods. Including a small imaginary cubic term gives the Hamiltonian H=\half p^2+\half μ^2x^2+igx^3-λx^4, whose C operator can be obtained perturbatively. In the semiclassical limit all terms in the perturbation series can be calculated in closed form and the perturbation series can be summed exactly. The result is a closed-form expression for C having a nontrivial dependence on the dynamical variables x and p and on the parameter λ.
description: 4 pages
title: Competence oriented study in engineering education: examples from the practicing programme
Creators: name: Fincke, Sabine
name: Maschotta, Ralph
name: Hsu, Yi-Chun
name: Röckl, Thomas
name: Roßbach, Clara-Sophie
name: Augustin, Lydia-Dorothea
name: Daubner, Lukas
name: Deupmann, Jan
name: Lehmann, Marius
name: Treffurth, Anna
Publisher: name: ilmedia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 620

description: The interdisciplinary and agile processing of projects in teams increasingly characterizes the engineer’s work. Problem-solving skills, creativity, entrepreneurship, and initiative, as well as the ability to engage in dialog and conflict resolution, are relevant competencies for this. All engineering students at TU Ilmenau can work on complex interdisciplinary projects in teams (practicING projects) right from the start of their studies. Participants in these practicING projects can also experience significant steps, aspects, and system engineering methods for demand-oriented products. The paper describes the motivation, the learning goals and methodology of practicING projects from the perspective of the supervising teachers and the participating students. Two examples illustrate the potential of the practicING concept: the projects "Wind turbine model with digital twin" and "CrossLab/ experimental ball drop test environment". Experiences in implementing the practicING projects to date are presented, as well as limitations and possibilities for further development.
description: Engineering for a changing world: Proceedings : 60th ISC, Ilmenau Scientific Colloquium, Technische Universität Ilmenau, September 04-08, 2023
Russian trolls speaking Russian: Regional Twitter operations and MH17
Creators: name: Vesselkov, Alexandr
name: Finley, Benjamin
name: Vankka, Jouko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The role of social media in promoting media pluralism was initially viewed as wholly positive. However, some governments are allegedly manipulating social media by hiring online commentators (also known as trolls) to spread propaganda and disinformation. In particular, an alleged system of professional trolls operating both domestically and internationally exists in Russia. In 2018, Twitter released data on accounts identified as Russian trolls, starting a wave of research. However, while foreign-targeted English language operations of these trolls have received significant attention, no research has analyzed their Russian language domestic and regional-targeted activities. We address this gap by characterizing the Russian-language operations of Russian trolls. We first perform a descriptive analysis, and then focus in on the trolls' operation related to the crash of Malaysia Airlines flight MH17. Among other things, we find that Russian-language trolls have run 163 hashtag campaigns (where hashtag use grows abruptly within a month). The main political sentiments of such campaigns were praising Russia and Putin (29%), criticizing Ukraine (26%), and criticizing the United States and Obama (9%). Further, trolls actively reshared information with 76% of tweets being retweets or containing a URL. Additionally, we observe periodic temporal patterns of tweeting suggesting that trolls use automation tools. Further, we find that trolls' information campaign on the MH17 crash was the largest in terms of tweet count. However, around 68% of tweets posted with MH17 hashtags were likely used simply for hashtag amplification. With these tweets excluded, about 49% of the tweets suggested to varying levels that Ukraine was responsible for the crash, and only 13% contained disinformation and propaganda presented as news. Interestingly, trolls promoted inconsistent alternative theories for the crash.
description: 12th ACM Conference on Web Science (WebSci '20), July 6--10, 2020, Southampton, United Kingdom
title: Optimal design of a photovaltaic station using Markov and energy price modelling
Creators: name: Salazar Márquez, Marcio
name: Gabash, Aouss
name: Shardt, Yuri
name: Tafur, Julio
Publisher: name: ilmedia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 620

description: This paper addresses the optimization of photovoltaic (PV) systems to increase their efficiency. The study introduces a new pricing model that considers the current price of PV inverters. In addition, Markov modeling is used in a new optimization framework to determine the optimal configuration, considering the number of PV modules and inverters, operational constraints, and failure events of PV inverters up to 100 kW. A case study with six real PV inverters confirms the effectiveness of the proposed framework. It calculates the average daily hours of rated power generation considering geographic location, temperature, and solar irradiance using real data from a real PV system. The study identifies both local and global optimal solutions for PV inverters (15 kW to 100 kW), while minimizing the effective levelized cost of energy. The results of the study have important implications for future assessments of PV module failures and repairs.
description: Engineering for a changing world: Proceedings : 60th ISC, Ilmenau Scientific Colloquium, Technische Universität Ilmenau, September 04-08, 2023
Stiff Polymers, Foams and Fiber Networks
Creators: name: Heussinger, Claus
name: Frey, Erwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the elasticity of fibrous materials composed of generalized stiff polymers. It is shown that in contrast to cellular foam-like structures affine strain fields are generically unstable. Instead, a subtle interplay between the architecture of the network and the elastic properties of its building blocks leads to intriguing mechanical properties with intermediate asymptotic scaling regimes. We present exhaustive numerical studies based on a finite element method complemented by scaling arguments.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Cosmological effects in the local static frame
Creators: name: Mizony, Michel
name: Lachieze-Rey, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: What is the influence of cosmology (the expansion law and its acceleration, the cosmological constant...) on the dynamics and optics of a local system like the solar system, a galaxy, a cluster, a supercluster...? The answer requires the solution of Einstein equation with the local source, which tends towards the cosmological model at large distance. There is, in general, no analytic expression for the corresponding metric, but we calculate here an expansion in a small parameter, which allows to answer the question. First, we derive a static expression for the pure cosmological (Friedmann-Lemaître) metric, whose validity, although local, extends in a very large neighborhood of the observer. This expression appears as the metric of an osculating de Sitter model. Then we propose an expansion of the cosmological metric with a local source, which is valid in a very large neighborhood of the local system. This allows to calculate exactly the (tiny) influence of cosmology on the dynamics of the solar system: it results that, contrary to some claims, cosmological effects fail to account for the unexplained acceleration of the Pioneer probe by several order of magnitudes. Our expression provide estimations of the cosmological influence in the calculations of rotation or dispersion velocity curves in galaxies, clusters, and any type of cosmic structure, necessary for precise evaluations of dark matter and/or cosmic flows. The same metric can also be used to estimate the influence of cosmology on gravitational optics in the vicinity of such systems.
description: to appear in Astron. & Astroph
Additional file 1 of Quality of surgical care can impact survival in patients with bladder cancer after robot-assisted radical cystectomy: results from the International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium
Creators: name: Ahmed, Youssef
name: Hussein, Ahmed A.
name: May, Paul R.
name: Ahmad, Basel
name: Khan, Amir
name: Benkowski, John
name: Durrani, Ayesha
name: Saira Khan
name: Kozlowski, Justen
name: Saar, Matthias
name: Wijburg, Carl J.
name: Richstone, Lee
name: Wagner, Andrew
name: Yuh, Bertram
name: Redorta, Joan Palou
name: Prokar Dasgupta
name: Khan, Mohammad Shamim
name: Menon, Mani
name: Peabody, James O.
name: Abolfazl Hosseini
name: Gaboardi, Franco
name: Giovannalberto Pini
name: Schanne, Francis
name: Mottrie, Alexandre
name: Koon-Ho Rha
name: Hemal, Ashok
name: Stockle, Michael
name: Kelly, John
name: Tan, Wei Shen
name: Maatman, Thomas J.
name: Vassilis Poulakis
name: Kaouk, Jihad
name: Canda, Abdullah Erdem
name: Mevlana Derya Balbay
name: Wiklund, Peter
name: Guru, Khurshid A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Criteria included in QCS 22.
Deep learning of thermodynamics-aware reduced-order models from data
Creators: name: Hernandez, Quercus
name: Badias, Alberto
name: Gonzalez, David
name: Chinesta, Francisco
name: Cueto, Elias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present an algorithm to learn the relevant latent variables of a large-scale discretized physical system and predict its time evolution using thermodynamically-consistent deep neural networks. Our method relies on sparse autoencoders, which reduce the dimensionality of the full order model to a set of sparse latent variables with no prior knowledge of the coded space dimensionality. Then, a second neural network is trained to learn the metriplectic structure of those reduced physical variables and predict its time evolution with a so-called structure-preserving neural network. This data-based integrator is guaranteed to conserve the total energy of the system and the entropy inequality, and can be applied to both conservative and dissipative systems. The integrated paths can then be decoded to the original full-dimensional manifold and be compared to the ground truth solution. This method is tested with two examples applied to fluid and solid mechanics.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures
Don’t tell me who I am : narratives of young women who are mothers
Creators: name: Wener, Abby Ryann
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This exploratory feminist research project presents how ten young women who are mothers narrate their identities and their experiences, as well as articulate the differing ways each woman navigates through hegemonic discourses that seek to restrict and define her into a reductive and singular identity as a 'teen mom'. The purpose of this thesis is to come away from the limiting and pervasive labels and stigmas that are attached to young women who are mothers. The ten participants (four women of colour, one woman of Jewish ethnicity, and five women who described themselves as white) were recruited and the research was carried out at a Vancouver-based program, which provides predominately low-income women who are mothers educational upgrading and employment skills. I adopted the pastiche (Ely, Vinz, Downing, Anzul, 2001) method of narrative — a multi-genre approach where each of the women created visual, written, and oral narratives. Within the narratives the themes of body/ appearance, exclusion, and stigmatization arose. Woven throughout each of the chapters is an articulation of how each of the women in various and unique ways actively negotiated themselves and their experiences, revealing themselves to be complex, dynamic, and multi-faceted young women.
Trends and Spatial Distribution of Public Agricultural Spending in Zambia: Implication for Agricultural Productivity Growth
Creators: name: Govereh, Jones
name: Malawo, Emma
name: Lungu, Tadeyo
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Chinyama, Kasweka
name: Chilonda, Pius
name: Govereh, Jones
name: Malawo, Emma
name: Lungu, Tadeyo
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Chinyama, Kasweka
name: Chilonda, Pius
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: food security
subject: policy
subject: Zambia
subject: Africa
subject: public finance
subject: growth

description: This paper assesses the level and composition of the Zambia’s public expenditures in the agricultural sector from 2000 to 2008. By measuring the size of public agricultural expenditures, the study will answer whether the Government of Zambia met CAADP’s target of allocating 10% of national budget to agriculture in 2008. Furthermore, examining what the fund is being spent on will shed light on the extent to which spending contributes to agricultural growth. This review will also characterize the spatial patterns of expenditures across provincial boundaries. The results of this work will hopefully lay a foundation for future analysis of the impacts of public agricultural spending on sector performance.
Dynamic phase diagram of the Number Partitioning Problem
Creators: name: Junier, I.
name: Bertin, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamic phase diagram of a spin model associated with the Number Partitioning Problem, as a function of temperature and of the fraction $K/N$ of spins allowed to flip simultaneously. The case K=1 reproduces the activated behavior of Bouchaud's trap model, whereas the opposite limit $K=N$ can be mapped onto the entropic trap model proposed by Barrat and Mézard. In the intermediate case $1 \ll K \ll N$, the dynamics corresponds to a modified version of the Barrat and Mézard model, which includes a slow (rather than instantaneous) decorrelation at each step. A transition from an activated regime to an entropic one is observed at temperature $T_g/2$ in agreement with recent work on this model. Ergodicity breaking occurs for $T
description: 15 pages, submitted to PRE
title: Improving system of objectives maturity through systematic reuse of knowledge using ontology-based knowledge representations
Creators: name: Mandel, Constantin
name: Schwarz, Stefan
name: Brix, Torsten
name: Albers, Albert
name: Husung, Stephan
Publisher: name: ilmedia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 620

description: Technical products are developed to meet the needs of different stakeholders. In addition, various constraints from all phases of the product life cycle have to be considered. In existing work, this information and its dependencies are systematically represented in the so-called system of objectives. A major challenge in modeling the system of objectives is that the necessary information in the system of objectives is often incomplete and uncertain. In addition, this uncertainty and the maturity of the system of objectives cannot be directly quantified because the target state of the system of objectives often cannot be unambiguously described. This research investigates a methodical approach to assess and improve the maturity of the system of objectives. Two means to reduce uncertainty and thus increase the maturity of the system of objectives are the systematic reuse of knowledge and the systematic building of knowledge through verification and validation activities.
description: Engineering for a changing world: Proceedings : 60th ISC, Ilmenau Scientific Colloquium, Technische Universität Ilmenau, September 04-08, 2023
title: Using geometric algebra to create differentiable models for optimizing camera-based optical metrology systems
Creators: name: Hartel, Simon
name: Faber, Christian
Publisher: name: ilmedia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 620

description: In the design process of camera-based optical metrology systems numerous intricate and seemingly distinct optimization tasks emerge.A frequently occurring but crucial task in design or calibration is to optimize the spatial degrees of freedom of system components. Of course, modelling the poses of rigid bodies is long solved using rotation matrices and translation vectors, but when it comes to optimizing, this choice of model gets quite tedious to handle. Useful concepts such as homogeneous coordinates or (dual) quaternions have been introduced to overcome this, which however – lacking a unified framework – can quickly become difficult to maintain. As an alternative, in this contribution it is shown how the unifying methods of geometric algebra can be used as an advantage for gradient-based optimization of camera-based optical metrology and imaging systems – and how this can be done in a generalized way for seemingly different objectives with respect to system design and calibration.
description: Engineering for a changing world: Proceedings : 60th ISC, Ilmenau Scientific Colloquium, Technische Universität Ilmenau, September 04-08, 2023
The Asian Maize Biotechnology Network (AMBIONET): A Model for Strengthening National Agricultural Research Systems
Creators: name: Pray, Carl E.
name: Pray, Carl E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Zea mays
subject: Plant breeding
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Breeding methods
subject: Research methods
subject: Disease resistance
subject: Yield increases
subject: Research institutions
subject: China
subject: India
subject: Indonesia
subject: Philippines
subject: Thailand
subject: Viet Nam
subject: Asia

description: This report reviews the impacts of the Asian Maize Biotechnology Network (AMBIONET), organized by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) with funding from the Asian Development Bank to strengthen the capacity of public maize research institutions in China, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam to produce high-yielding, disease resistant, stress tolerant maize cultivars. It was found that, during its lifetime (1998-2005), AMBIONET clearly benefited researchers and institutions in participating countries, as well as CIMMYT. In addition, there was good progress toward developing improved cultivars. Asian farmers are just beginning to gain from the work, but their future benefits will likely pay for AMBIONET’s relatively modest expenditures many times over.
A note on the forced Burgers equation
Creators: name: Eule, S.
name: Friedrich, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain the exact solution for the Burgers equation with a time dependent forcing, which depends linearly on the spatial coordinate. For the case of a stochastic time dependence an exact expression for the joint probability distribution for the velocity fields at multiple spatial points is obtained. A connection with stretched vortices in hydrodynamic flows is discussed.
description: 10 pages
Quantum phase transitions of tri-layer excitons in atomically thin heterostructures
Creators: name: Slobodkin, Yevgeny
name: Mazuz-Harpaz, Yotam
name: Refaely-Abramson, Sivan
name: Gazit, Snir
name: Steinberg, Hadar
name: Rapaport, Ronen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the zero temeperature phase diagram of excitons in the symmetric transition-metal dichalcogenide tri-layer heterosctructure WSe2/MoSe2/WSe2. First principle calculations reveal two distinct types of interlayer excitonic states, a lower energy symmetric quadrupole and a higher energy asymmetric dipole. While interaction between quadrupolar excitons is always repulsive, anti-parallel dipolar excitons attract at large distances. We find quantum phase transitions between a repulsive quadrupole lattice phase and a staggered (anti-parallel) dipolar lattice phase, driven by the competition between the exciton-exciton interactions and the single exciton energies. Remarkably, the intrinsic nature of each interlayer exciton is completely different in each phase. This is a striking example for the possible rich quantum physics in a system where the single particle properties and the many-body state are dynamically coupled through the particle interactions.
Intermediate Mass Black Holes in Accreting Binaries: Formation, Evolution and Observational Appearance
Creators: name: Zwart, Simon Portegies
name: Dewi, Jasinta
name: Maccarone, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the origin of the ultraluminous X-ray source M82-X1 in the nearby starburst galaxy M82. This X-ray source is of particular interest as it is currently the best candidate intermediate mass black hole; it is associated with a 54mHz quasi periodic oscillations with a relatively low (~1keV) black-body temperature. We perform detailed binary evolution calculations of 2--15Msun stars which transfer mass to a 100--2000Msun black hole and present an empirical model for the X-ray characteristics expected for such binaries. Based on the binary evolution calculations and the assumption in our simulations we conclude that the most likely candidate for the bright X-ray source M82-X1 is a 10-15Msun star near the end of its main-sequence or slightly evolved, which transfers mass to a ~1000Msun black hole. We expect the system to be in the high/soft state. In that case the binary will not be visible as a source of gravitational wave radiation, but other transient X-ray binaries with lower mass donors way be rather bright sources of gravitational wave radiation.
description: in press: 2004, MNRAS volume 481 (erratum added)
Potentials of Continuous Markov Process and Random Perturbations
Creators: name: Yang, Ying-Jen
name: Cheng, Yu-Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With a scalar potential and a bivector potential, the vector field associated with the drift of a diffusion is decomposed into a generalized gradient field, a field perpendicular to the gradient, and a divergence-free field. We give such decomposition a probabilistic interpretation by introducing cycle velocity from a bivectorial formalism of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. New understandings on the mean rates of thermodynamic quantities are presented. Deterministic dynamical system is further proven to admit a generalized gradient form with the emerged potential as the Lyapunov function by the method of random perturbations.
A Millimeter-Wave Achromatic Half Wave Plate
Creators: name: Hanany, S.
name: Hubmayr, J.
name: Johnson, B. R.
name: Matsumura, T.
name: Oxley, P.
name: Thibodeau, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have constructed an achromatic half wave plate (AHWP) suitable for the millimeter wavelength band. The AHWP was made from a stack of three sapphire a-cut birefringent plates with the optical axes of the middle plate rotated by 50.5 degrees with respect to the aligned axes of the other plates. The measured modulation efficiency of the AHWP at 110 GHz was $96 \pm 1.5$%. In contrast, the modulation efficiency of a single sapphire plate of the same thickness was $43 \pm 4$%. Both results are in close agreement with theoretical predictions. The modulation efficiency of the AHWP was constant as a function of incidence angles between 0 and 15 degrees. We discuss design parameters of an AHWP in the context of astrophysical broad band polarimetry at the millimeter wavelength band.
description: In print - Applied Optics, 14 pages, 7 figures
title: Towards a deep reinforcement learning integration into model-based systems engineering
Creators: name: Trentsios, Pascalis
name: Wolf, Mario
name: Gerhard, Detlef
Publisher: name: ilmedia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 620

description: The integration of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) in Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is a promising approach that can lead to significant benefits for system designers and developers. DRL is a branch of machine learning where an agent learns to make decisions by interacting with an environment, receiving feedback in the form of rewards or punishments that indicate the quality of its actions, and adjusting its decision-making policy to maximize the cumulative reward over time. MBSE provides a structured approach to system design, which can help to clarify system requirements, identify potential issues, and improve the overall efficiency of the system development process. This model-based approach can be particularly useful for DRL, which requires a clear understanding of the system environment and objectives to develop the system’s behavior. We propose a method for integrating DRL into MBSE, where the desired system behavior is defined in a model-based representation using a modeling language to describe the relevant design components for DRL. The method's model framework is applied and evaluated to an example use case using SysML as the modeling language. This integration enables system designers to use DRL with the benefits and support of MBSE.
description: Engineering for a changing world: Proceedings : 60th ISC, Ilmenau Scientific Colloquium, Technische Universität Ilmenau, September 04-08, 2023
Constraining the energy spectrum of neutral pions in ultra-high-energy proton-air interactions
Creators: name: Cazon, Lorenzo
name: Conceição, Ruben
name: Martins, Miguel Alexandre
name: Riehn, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluctuations in the muon content of extensive air showers are anticorrelated to the fluctuations of the energy taken by the neutral pions which emerge from the first interaction of the cosmic ray in the atmosphere. We show that the high-energy tail of the neutral pion spectrum produced in the first proton-air interaction can be constrained, within the uncertainties of present cosmic ray experiments, through the analysis of the shower-to-shower distribution of the muon content of the air showers, $P(N_μ)$.
Feasibility of predicting allele specific expression from genetic variants using machine learning
Creators: name: Zhenhua Zhang
name: Dijk, Freerk Van
name: Klein, Niek De
name: Gijn, Mariëlle Van
name: Franke, Lude
name: BIOS Consortium
name: Swertz, Morris
name: K Joeri Van Der Velde
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Background: Allele-specific expression (ASE) refers to divergent abundances of allelic copies of a transcript and is quantified by RNA sequencing. Multiple studies have shown that ASE likely plays a role in many diseases by modulating the pathogenesis or phenotypes. However, routine genome diagnostics is based on DNA sequencing and therefore neglects the regulation of gene expression such as ASE. To take advantage of ASE information in absence of RNA sequencing, ASE must be predicted using only DNA variation. Results: We have constructed ASE models from BIOS and GTEx that predict local ASE using DNA features. These models are highly stable as shown by performance metrics, cross-validation, and feature importance. Many different types of features are involved in these predictions, highlighting the complex regulation that underlies ASE. We applied the BIOS-trained model to population variants in three genes in which ASE plays a role in disease penetrance or modulation: BRCA2, RET, and NF1. This resulted in predicted ASE effects for 27 out of 8,957 variants. Ten of these were known pathogenic variants, while the rest are interesting candidates for further elucidation of disease etiology. Conclusions: We demonstrated that ASE can be stably and reliably predicted from DNA features using machine-learning models. Future efforts may further improve sensitivity and translate these models into a new class of genome diagnostic in silico prediction tools to prioritize candidate pathogenic variants or regulators thereof for follow-up validation by RNA sequencing.
Maize-Rice Cropping Systems in Bangladesh: Status and Research Opportunities
Creators: name: Ali, M. Yusuf
name: Waddington, Stephen R.
name: Hodson, Dave P.
name: Timsina, J.
name: Dixon, John
name: Ali, M. Yusuf
name: Waddington, Stephen R.
name: Hodson, Dave P.
name: Timsina, J.
name: Dixon, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Maize
subject: Rice
subject: Cropping patterns and systems
subject: Agricultural development
subject: Planting date
subject: Technology transfer
subject: Yield increases
subject: Bangladesh

description: Responding to demand from expanding poultry feed markets, maize area in Bangladesh rose from only a few thousand hectares in the 1980s to more than 200,000 hectares in 2007-08. This publication describes the rise of maize in Bangladesh, emerging problems or risks, technology options for rice-maize systems, and future research and development needs. It also outlines the role of CIMMYT, through its Bangladesh office, in the establishment and promotion of maize, as well as the provision of germplasm and capacity building for researchers and farmers, in collaboration with the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), the Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), and diverse non-governmental organizations.
RO-Crate: Describing and packaging FAIR Research Objects
Creators: name: Soiland-Reyes, Stian
name: Goble, Carole
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: research object
FAIR
reproducibility

description: RO-Crate is a community effort to establish a lightweight approach to packaging research data with their metadata. It is based on schema.org annotations in JSON-LD, and aims to make best-practice in formal metadata description accessible and practical for use in a wide variety of situations. An RO-Crate is a structured archive of all the items that contributed to the research outcome, including their identifiers, provenance, relations and annotations.
description: Presented by Stian Soiland-Reyes at Scottish Covid-19 Response Consortium, 2021-03-18
Magnetic behavior of EuCu2As2: Delicate balance between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic order
Creators: name: Sengupta, Kausik
name: Paulose, P. L.
name: Sampathkumaran, E. V.
name: Doert, Th.
name: Jemetio, J. P. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Eu-based compound, EuCu2As2, crystallizing in the ThCr2Si2-type tetragonal structure, has been synthesized and its magnetic behavior has been investigated by magnetization (M), heat-capacity (C) and electrical resistivity (rho) measurements as a function of temperature (T) and magnetic field (H) as well as by 151Eu Moessbauer measurements. The results reveal that Eu is divalent ordering antiferromagnetically below 15 K in the absence of magnetic field, apparently with the formation of magnetic Brillouin-zone boundary gaps. A fascinating observation is made in a narrow temperature range before antiferromagnetism sets in: That is, there is a remarkable upturn just below 20 K in the plot of magnetic susceptibility versus T even at low fields, as though the compound actually tends to order ferromagnetically. There are corresponding anomalies in the magnetocaloric effect data as well. In addition, a small application of magnetic field (around 1 kOe at 1.8 K) in the antiferromagnetic state causes spin-reorientation effect. These results suggest that there is a close balance between antiferromagnetism and ferromagnetism in this compound
description: Phys. Rev. B, in press
title: Understanding the variation of physical elements and their impact on properties and functions: a case study on roll stabilization systems
Creators: name: Albers, Albert
name: Hirschter, Tobias
name: Fahl, Joshua
name: Tröster, Peter
name: Rapp, Simon
Publisher: name: ilmedia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 620

description: This paper explores the variation in physical elements, functions, and properties of roll stabilization systems in automobiles over successive generations. Two key methodologies, Characteristics-Properties Modelling (CPM) / Property-Driven Development/Design (PDD) and the C&C²-Approach (Contact and Channel Approach), are utilized to analyze the attributes of the system elements and their functional correlations. Through detailed comparison of traditional roll stabilization subsystems and the active roll stabilization system, the research uncovers several correlations between variation types and system properties. The findings show the importance of attribute variation for understanding complex mechatronic systems. The research results may guide future planning of new product generations and foster innovative solutions in the early phases of product development.
description: Engineering for a changing world: Proceedings : 60th ISC, Ilmenau Scientific Colloquium, Technische Universität Ilmenau, September 04-08, 2023