cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The status change of culture and education in the traditional Chinese city landscape after the Song and Yuan Dynasty
Creators: name: Wang, Lumin
name: Pan, Yuan
name: Yuan, Yiming
name: Liang, Liang
name: Zhang, Xiaong
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: After the Song and Yuan dynasties, the development of the imperial examination system was witnessed by the spread of the Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming dynasties. This was accompanied by the position of culture and education buildings in the local urban landscape system that was greatly improved, some even dominating the performance of the urban landscape. The resulted structure of the urban landscape before the Song Dynasty is described as the so-called status change of the "The Status Change of Culture and Education." Studies have shown that "The Status Change" during the Ming and Qing Dynasties could be found here and there. This work took the City of Yangzhou Prefecture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties as the research object. Starting from the background of the development of culture and education, this paper expounds the process and characteristics of such a status change during this period.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
« On le dit avec la bouche, mais pas avec le cœur » : Quels facteurs de résistance à l’égalité des genres ? Le cas de l’accès à la terre au Fuuta
Creators: name: Parent-Chartier, Clothilde
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Sénégal
Fuuta
Accès à la terre
Égalité des genres
Système patriarcal

description: Cette thèse propose une réflexion sur l’accès inégal des femmes à la terre au Fuuta dans une perspective d’analyse féministe postcoloniale et néoinstitutionnelle. Plus précisément, je m’intéresse aux rôles que peuvent jouer les institutions genrées, aussi bien formelles qu’informelles, dans le maintien des pratiques discriminatoires qui limitent l’accès des femmes aux terres agricoles dans la région du Fuuta au Sénégal. En effet, malgré certains efforts manifestes comme la reconnaissance du droit des femmes à la terre dans la Constitution sénégalaise en 2001, les femmes peinent toujours à jouir pleinement de leurs droits. Elles demeurent largement dépendantes des hommes et ne peuvent que dans de très rares cas exercer une forme de contrôle sur la terre qu’elles cultivent. De ce fait, je m’interroge sur les raisons qui expliquent pourquoi, malgré l’existence d’un cadre formel garantissant l’accès équitable à la terre, les femmes du Fuuta demeurent désavantagées par rapport aux hommes. De nombreuses recherches abordent la problématique de l’accès genré à la terre en ne traitant que des obstacles rencontrés par les femmes. Dès lors, afin que ma recherche soit pertinente, j’ai choisi d’analyser ce qui se cache derrière ces obstacles soit, leurs origines et les mécanismes qui assurent leur reproduction à travers les générations. Plus précisément, ce sont les rapports de forces inégaux tant au sein de ménage que de la société et des institutions qui représentent les principaux obstacles à l’effectivité des réformes garantissant aux femmes sénégalaises un accès à la terre égal à celui des hommes. Les résultats de cette recherche démontrent que ce sont précisément les réalités contextuelles propres au Fuuta qui caractérisent les facteurs de résistance analysés.
title: The Long Shadow: The Intergenerational Experience of Policing for Black British Communities
Creators: name: Akintoye, Bisola
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2023

description: The policing experiences of Black Britons embody the complicated experience of being Black in Britain in modern history. Young Black people today disproportionately experience stop and search, but this is not a new phenomenon. The enduring legacy of policing of racially minoritised communities is representative of the place of Black Britons in British society more broadly. Almost 50 years on from ‘Policing the Crisis’ (Hall et al., 1978), the policing of experiences of Black Britons demonstrates how little has changed. This research argues that the policing of Black Britons can only be understood by contextualising within historical and contemporary racialising and criminalising processes affecting the lives of groups depicted as ‘other’. The present study uses 58 semi-structured and unstructured qualitative interviews to explore how Black communities perceive, experience, and respond to policing. Grounding analysis in critical realist critical race theory, it is argued that race remains the crucial mechanism producing the policing experiences of generations of Black British people. The data provides insight into how experiences of policing are transmitted intergenerationally through cultural narratives, conduct norms, and adaptive mechanisms. Taking an intersectional approach to policing, the ways in which race, gender, age, class, and immigration histories mediate policing experiences are also explored. This research also considers the opportunities for social progress embodied in a community of Black Britons seeking to overcome racialised policing through assertions of agency, organisation, and resilience. With a focus on young people, families, and communities in a London suburb, the issues explored here provide insight into the experiences of racialised policing across Britain, and the implications this has for the status, identity and belonging of Black British communities in the future.
Entanglement and Correlation Spreading in non-Hermitian Spin Chains
Creators: name: Turkeshi, Xhek
name: Schiró, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Hermitian quantum many-body systems are attracting widespread interest for their exotic properties, including unconventional quantum criticality and topology. Here we study how quantum information and correlations spread under a quantum quench generated by a prototypical non-Hermitian spin chain. Using the mapping to fermions we solve exactly the problem and compute the entanglement entropy and the correlation dynamics in the thermodynamic limit. Depending on the quench parameters, we identify two dynamical phases. One is characterized by rapidly saturating entanglement and correlations. The other instead presents a logarithmic growth in time, and correlations spreading faster than the Lieb-Robinson bound, with collapses and revivals giving rise to a modulated light-cone structure. Here, in the long-time limit, we compute analytically the entanglement entropy that we show to scale logarithmically with the size of the cut, with an effective central charge that we obtain in closed form. Our results provide an example of an exactly solvable non-Hermitian many-body problem that shows rich physics including entanglement and spectral transitions.
description: 4.5 + 11 pag
Einstein's equations and the pseudo-entropy of pseudo-Riemannian information manifolds
Creators: name: Alshal, Hassan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motivated by the corrected form of the entropy-area law, and with the help of von Neumann entropy of quantum matter, we construct an emergent spacetime by the virtue of the geometric language of statistical information manifolds. We discuss the link between Wald and Jacobson approaches of thermodynamic/gravity correspondence and Fisher pseudo-Riemannian metric of information manifold. We derive in detail Einstein's field equations in statistical information geometric forms. This results in finding a quantum origin of a positive cosmological constant that is founded on Fisher metric. This cosmological constant resembles those found in Lovelock's theories in a de Sitter background as a result of using the complex extension of spacetime and the Gaussian exponential families of probability distributions, and we find a time varying dynamical gravitational constant as a function of Fisher metric together with the corresponding Ryu-Takayanagi formula of such system. Consequently, we obtain a dynamical equation for the entropy in information manifold using Liouville-von Neumann equation from the Hamiltonian of the system. This Hamiltonian is suggested to be non-Hermitian, which corroborates the approaches that relate non-unitary conformal field theories to information manifolds. This provides some insights on resolving "the problem of time".
description: 46 pages, 1 figure. Some sections expanded, others shrunk; as it appears in Gen. Relativ. Gravit
Observation of Valley Zeeman and Quantum Hall Effects at Q Valley of Few-Layer Transition Metal Disulfides
Creators: name: Wu, Zefei
name: Xu, Shuigang
name: Lu, Huanhuan
name: Liu, Gui-Bin
name: Khamoshi, Armin
name: Han, Tianyi
name: Wu, Yingying
name: Lin, Jiangxiazi
name: Long, Gen
name: He, Yuheng
name: Cai, Yuan
name: Zhang, Fan
name: Wang, Ning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In few-layer (FL) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC), the conduction bands along the Gamma-K directions shift downward energetically in the presence of interlayer interactions, forming six Q valleys related by three-fold rotational symmetry and time reversal symmetry. In even-layers the extra inversion symmetry requires all states to be Kramers degenerate, whereas in odd-layers the intrinsic inversion asymmetry dictates the Q valleys to be spin-valley coupled. In this Letter, we report the transport characterization of prominent Shubnikov-de Hass (SdH) oscillations for the Q valley electrons in FL transition metal disulfide (TMDs), as well as the first quantum Hall effect (QHE) in TMDCs. Our devices exhibit ultrahigh field-effect mobilities (~16,000 cm2V-1s-1 for FL WS2 and ~10,500 cm2V-1s-1 for FL MoS2) at cryogenic temperatures. Universally in the SdH oscillations, we observe a valley Zeeman effect in all odd-layer TMD devices and a spin Zeeman effect in all even-layer TMD devices.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
BMS in Cosmology
Creators: name: Kehagias, Alex
name: Riotto, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Symmetries play an interesting role in cosmology. They are useful in characterizing the cosmological perturbations generated during inflation and lead to consistency relations involving the soft limit of the statistical correlators of large-scale structure dark matter and galaxies overdensities. On the other hand, in observational cosmology the carriers of the information about these large-scale statistical distributions are light rays traveling on null geodesics. Motivated by this simple consideration, we study the structure of null infinity and the associated BMS symmetry in a cosmological setting. For decelerating Friedmann-Robertson-Walker backgrounds, for which future null infinity exists, we find that the BMS transformations which leaves the asymptotic metric invariant to leading order. Contrary to the asymptotic flat case, the BMS transformations in cosmology generate Goldstone modes corresponding to both scalar and tensor degrees of freedom which may exist at null infinity and perturb the asymptotic data. Therefore, BMS transformations generate physically inequivalent vacua as they populate the universe at null infinity with these physical degrees of freedom. We also discuss the gravitational memory effect when cosmological expansion is taken into account. In this case, there are extra contribution to the gravitational memory due to the tail of the retarded Green functions which are supported not only on the light-cone, but also in its interior. The gravitational memory effect can be understood also from an asymptotic point of view as a transition among cosmological BMS-related vacua.
description: 33 pages, 4 figures
Towards leading-twist $T$-odd TMD gluon distributions
Creators: name: Bacchetta, Alessandro
name: Celiberto, Francesco Giovanni
name: Radici, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present exploratory studies of the 3D proton tomography through polarized $T$-odd gluon TMDs at leading twist, obtained in a spectator-model framework. We embody in our approach a flexible parameterization for the spectator-mass spectral function, suited to catch both small- and moderate-$x$ effects. All these studies are relevant to unveil the gluon dynamics inside hadrons, which represents a core research line of studies at new-generation colliders, such as the Electron-Ion Collider, NICA-SPD, the High-Luminosity LHC, and the Forward Physics Facility.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, presented by F.G. Celiberto at the the 24th International Spin Symposium (SPIN2021), 18-22 October 2021, Matsue, Shimane Prefecture, Japan
New perspectives on the planning of Yuan Dadu
Creators: name: Zhao, Chunxiao
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: Recent studies on Dadu, one of the capital cities of the Mongol Yuan dynasty, were increasingly situated in a holistic Eurasian background, shedding new light on the influence of nomadic traditions in its city planning in addition to using Chinese urban models. Whereas most of the previous studies took physical remains as their point of departure, this paper aims to understand the nomadic characteristics of Yuan Dadu through elucidating its two fundamental yet under-studied planning features: Firstly, the planning of the city in accordance with the unique measurement system of Yuan chi, whose length is significantly different from the Chinese dynasties that ruled from the Central Plains; Secondly, the prescribed eight-mu plot for each household in the History of the Yuan Dynasty, which took the shape of a 32-by-60-step rectangle based on the space model of nomadic families. I argue that the above two points can provide new perspectives on the systematic influence of nomadic way of life seen in the planning of the Yuan Dadu as well as the planning principle established by the Mongol regime.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Single-Seed Cascades on Clustered Networks
Creators: name: McSweeney, John K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60

description: We consider a dynamic network cascade process developed by Watts applied to a random networks with a specified amount of clustering, belonging to a class of random networks developed by Newman. We adapt existing tree-based methods to formulate an appropriate two-type branching process to describe the spread of a cascade started with a single active node, and obtain a fixed-point equation to implicitly express the extinction probability of such a cascade. In so doing, we also recover a special case of a formula of Hackett et al. giving conditions for certain extinction of the cascade.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure
The development of obsessive beliefs: the influence of parents' beliefs and parenting style characteristics
Creators: name: Mahaffey, Brittain Lynn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: A number of factors, including maladaptive obsessive beliefs, may underlie the development of obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms. It is unclear, however, how individuals come to adopt such beliefs. This study examined the relationship between parents' obsessive beliefs, parenting style characteristics, and children's obsessive beliefs in a sample of 440 college students, and 254 biological parents. Analysis revealed that parents' obsessive beliefs were unrelated to children's beliefs. Exposure to parenting style characteristics, such as enforcement of rigid rules and overprotective parenting, was associated with increased endorsement of obsessive beliefs. Thus, such parenting characteristics may be risk factors for the development of obsessive beliefs in young adults. With respect to this finding, additional longitudinal research is needed to clarify causal direction. This line of research could have important implications for identifying children at risk of developing OC symptoms, and for early interventions targeted towards parenting style characteristics and family dynamics.
Nucleon isovector tensor charge from lattice QCD with physical light quarks
Creators: name: Tsuji, Ryutaro
name: Aoki, Yasumichi
name: Ishikawa, Ken-Ichi
name: Kuramashi, Yoshinobu
name: Sasaki, Shoichi
name: Shintani, Eigo
name: Yamazaki, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present preliminary results for the axial, scalar and tensor charges of the nucleon measured in 2+1 flavor QCD with the physical light quarks ($m_π=135$ MeV). Our simulations are carried out with gauge configurations generated by the PACS Collaboration with the stout-smeared $O(a)$ improved Wilson fermions and Iwasaki gauge action at a single lattice spacing of $0.085\ (\mathrm{fm})$. There are two lattice ensembles of the PACS gauge configurations, which have physical lattice sizes over $(10\ \mathrm{fm})^4$ and $(5\ \mathrm{fm})^4$, respectively. We compute the nucleon three-point correlation functions in the axial, scalar, and tensor channels. For the renormalization, we use the Rome-Southampton method as the intermediate scheme in order to evaluate the renormalization constants for the scalar and tensor currents in fully nonperturbative manner. We then evaluate the renormalized values of the scalar and tensor charges ($g_S$ and $g_T$) in the $\overline{\rm MS}$ scheme at the renormalization scale of 2 GeV with a help of the continuum perturbation theory for the matching between two schemes. We compare our preliminary results of $g_S$ and $g_T$ with those of other collaboration results.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings of the 24th International Spin Symposium, October 18-22, 2021, Matsue, Japan
Investigating the anisotropic scintillation response in anthracene through neutron, gamma-ray, and muon measurements
Creators: name: Schuster, Patricia
name: Brubaker, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reports a series of measurements that characterize the directional dependence of the scintillation response of crystalline anthracene to incident DT neutrons, DD neutrons, Cs-137 gamma rays, and, for the first time, cosmic ray muons. The neutron measurements give the amplitude and pulse shape dependence on the proton recoil direction over one hemisphere of the crystal, confirming and extending previous results in the literature. In similar measurements using incident gamma rays, no directional effect is evident, and any anisotropy with respect to the electron recoil direction is constrained to have a magnitude of less than a tenth of that present in the proton recoil events. Cosmic muons are measured at two directions, and no anisotropy is observed. This set of observations indicates that high dE/dx is necessary for an anisotropy to be present for a given type of scintillation event, which in turn could be used to discriminate among different hypotheses for the underlying causes of the anisotropy, which are not well understood.
DNA Degradation: The Effects of Hemascein on Recovered DNA in Various Storage Conditions
Creators: name: Viramontes, Brianna A
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: The present study investigated the effects Hemascein had on recovered DNA in various storage conditions and time, and determined whether recovered DNA was degraded. 66 samples that were either in a liquid state or dry state were placed tubes of reagents and were extracted by time intervals. 54 samples were made on microscope slides and extracted by designated days. Each sample sets were left in storage conditions of either room temperature or freezer temperature of -20°C. Quantification of these samples were done by the Thermo Fisher Quantifiler Trio Kit with Real-Time PCR. ANOVA statistical analysis was done to reveal any significance in the data. Samples that were either in a liquid or dry state and extracted hourly, appeared to not have significant degradation. The same went for samples extracted by days. However, what showed significance in DNA degradation was the storage conditions. Samples left either in room temperature or freezer -20°C influenced certain samples. Room temperature samples appeared to degrade more in various sample sets than those of freezer -20°C samples. Due to outliers in many sample sets, no direct conclusion can be made. Although Hemascein could be the cause of this degradation, it is not certain. Further studies need to be done to investigate other conditions and limitations between DNA degradation and Hemascein.
How does exposure to local inequality shape political participation?
Creators: name: Trump, Kris-Stella
name: Sands, Melissa
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: Current evidence linking exposure to economic inequality with political participation is mixed. We present a novel survey experiment designed to probe the effects of local-level inequality on individual behavior by randomly assigning participants to “explore” either rich or poor neighborhoods via Google Streetview. We then ask whether exposure to local level economic inequality induces social comparisons, and also whether such exposure affects respondents’ political efficacy and willingness to participate in politics. We seek to make two contributions. First, as a methodological contribution, we develop and test a new method of exposing participants to interactive, naturalistic experiences of local inequality. Second, as a substantive contribution, we measure the consequences of such experiences for political efficacy and participation.
Characterisations of dilations via approximants, expectations, and functional calculi
Creators: name: Dahya, Raj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A20 (Primary), 47D06, 60G55 (Secondary)

description: We consider characterisations of unitary dilations and approximations of irreversible classical dynamical systems on a Hilbert space. In the commutative case, building on the work in [9], one can express well known approximants (e.g. Hille- and Yosida-approximants) via expectations over certain stochastic processes. Using this, our first result characterises the simultaneous regular unitary dilatability of commuting families of $C_{0}$-semigroups via the dilatability of such approximants as well as via regular polynomial bounds. This extends the results in [13] to the unbounded setting. We secondly consider characterisations of unitary and regular unitary dilations via two distinct functional calculi. Applying these tools to a large class of classical dynamical systems, these two notions of dilation exactly characterise when a system admits unitary approximations under certain distinct notions of weak convergence. This establishes a sharp topological distinction between the two notions of unitary dilations. Our results are applicable to commutative systems as well as non-commutative systems satisfying the canonical commutation relations (CCR) in the Weyl form.
description: Proposition 1.13 corrected. Renamed 'continuous functional calculus' to 'Phillips--le Merdy functional calculus'. Corrected a few literature references and attributions. Minor typos corrected
Letter from Charles Scribner's Sons to William Elliot Griffis, September 8, 1906
Creators: name: Sons, Charles Scribner's
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1906

description: Requests Griffis to send material for the proposed new edition of Corea. Informs Griffis that the stock of the book is low, and that new material will allow them to print the new edition.
Symbiosis of an artificial neural network and models of biological neurons: training and testing
Creators: name: Bogatenko, Tatyana
name: Sergeev, Konstantin
name: Slepnev, Andrei
name: Kurths, Jürgen
name: Semenova, Nadezhda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70K05, 82C32, 92B20

description: In this paper we show the possibility of creating and identifying the features of an artificial neural network (ANN) which consists of mathematical models of biological neurons. The FitzHugh--Nagumo (FHN) system is used as an example of model demonstrating simplified neuron activity. First, in order to reveal how biological neurons can be embedded within an ANN, we train the ANN with nonlinear neurons to solve a a basic image recognition problem with MNIST database; and next, we describe how FHN systems can be introduced into this trained ANN. After all, we show that an ANN with FHN systems inside can be successfully trained and its accuracy becomes larger. What has been done above opens up great opportunities in terms of the direction of analog neural networks, in which artificial neurons can be replaced by biological ones. \end{abstract}
description: 6 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
CDNNs: The coupled deep neural networks for coupling of the Stokes and Darcy-Forchheimer problems
Creators: name: Yue, Jing
name: Li, Jian
name: Zhang, Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.1.8; J.2
subject: 35M12, 68T07

description: In this article, we present an efficient deep learning method called coupled deep neural networks (CDNNs) for coupled physical problems. Our method compiles the interface conditions of the coupled PDEs into the networks properly and can be served as an efficient alternative to the complex coupled problems. To impose energy conservation constraints, the CDNNs utilize simple fully connected layers and a custom loss function to perform the model training process as well as the physical property of the exact solution. The approach can be beneficial for the following reasons: Firstly, we sampled randomly and only input spatial coordinates without being restricted by the nature of samples. Secondly, our method is meshfree which makes it more efficient than the traditional methods. Finally, our method is parallel and can solve multiple variables independently at the same time. We give the theory to guarantee the convergence of the loss function and the convergence of the neural networks to the exact solution. Some numerical experiments are performed and discussed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.
description: 31 pages, 14 figures, 4 tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1906.06652 by other authors
A mystery of black-hole gravitational resonances
Creators: name: Hod, Shahar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: More than three decades ago, Detweiler provided an analytical formula for the gravitational resonant frequencies of rapidly-rotating Kerr black holes. In the present work we shall discuss an important discrepancy between the famous {\it analytical} prediction of Detweiler and the recent {\it numerical} results of Zimmerman et. al. In addition, we shall refute the claim that recently appeared in the physics literature that the Detweiler-Teukolsky-Press resonance equation for the characteristic gravitational eigenfrequencies of rapidly-rotating Kerr black holes is not valid in the regime of damped quasinormal resonances with $\Imω/T_{\text{BH}}\gg1$ (here $ω$ and $T_{\text{BH}}$ are respectively the characteristic quasinormal resonant frequency of the Kerr black hole and its Bekenstein-Hawking temperature). The main goal of the present paper is to highlight and expose this important {\it black-hole quasinormal mystery} (that is, the intriguing discrepancy between the analytical and numerical results regarding the gravitational quasinormal resonance spectra of rapidly-rotating Kerr black holes).
description: 9 pages. This is a slightly extended version of the one published in JCAP
Disorder in interacting quasi-one-dimensional systems: flat and dispersive bands
Creators: name: Liang, Mi-Ji
name: Yang, Yong-Feng
name: Cheng, Chen
name: Mondaini, Rubem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the superconductor-insulator transition (SIT) in disordered quasi-one dimensional systems using the density-matrix renormalization group method. Focusing on the case of an interacting spinful Hamiltonian at quarter-filling, we contrast the differences arising in the SIT when the parent non-interacting model features either flat or dispersive bands. Furthermore, by comparing disorder distributions that preserve or not SU(2)-symmetry, we unveil the critical disorder amplitude that triggers insulating behavior. While scaling analysis suggests the transition to be of a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless type for all models (two lattices and two disorder types), only in the flat-band model with Zeeman-like disorder the critical disorder is nonvanishing. In this sense, the flat-band structure does strengthen superconductivity. For both flat and dispersive band models, i) in the presence of SU(2)-symmetric random chemical potentials, the disorder-induced transition is from superconductor to insulator of singlet pairs; ii) for the Zeeman-type disorder, the transition is from superconductor to insulator of unpaired fermions. In all cases, our numerical results suggest no intermediate disorder-driven metallic phase.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures
Analysis of the spatial coupling of handicraft workshops in Chinese capitals before Qin and Han dynasties
Creators: name: Yidan, Zhang
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: The ancient capital of China is an important materialized carrier for ancient civilizations. Nowadays, the ancient Chinese capital lacks attention to the secularized space in the capital, especially the space related to the handicraft production. In addition, whether or not the space division method of the ancient urban planning land use can be measured by the spatial division theory of modern urban planning is an issue worthy of discussion. This research is based on archeological reports and the latest progress in archaeology. It targets different types of handicraft workshops in 18 ancient capitals from Three Dynasties (i.e. Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties) to Qin and Han Dynasties in China. The properties, scales, and location distribution of the workshops (including suspected relics) and other types of space are carried on the statistics and integrated application of multi-analysis methods, such as architectural spatial analysis and archeological database quantitative analysis. It also explores characteristics of handicraft workshops in different industries, including the spatial composition, distribution sites, spatial coupling and long-term spatial evolution. Meanwhile, it extracts the space land composition and attribute features, structural elements, distribution locus, planning methods, and the interaction process with other spaces. By the covariation analysis, the relationship between the evolution of inner space structure and civilization in the ancient capitals of China is put forward. The study has found:
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Thermally driven pure spin and valley current via anomalous Nernst effect in monolayer group-VI dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Yu, X. -Q.
name: Zhu, Z. -G.
name: Su, G.
name: Jauho, A. -P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin and valley dependent anomalous Nernst effect are analyzed for monolayer MoS2 and other group-VI dichalcogenides. We find that pure spin and valley currents can be generated perpendicular to the applied thermal gradient in the plane of these two-dimensional materials. This effect provides a versatile platform for applications of spin caloritronics. A spin current purity factor is introduced to quantify this effect. When time reversal symmetry is violated, e.g. two-dimensional materials on an insulating magnetic substrate, a dip-peak feature appears for the total Nernst coefficient. For the dip state it is found that carriers with only one spin and from one valley are driven by the temperature gradient.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, will appear in Physical Review Letters
Extending FEniCS to Work in Higher Dimensions Using Tensor Product Finite Elements
Creators: name: Loveland, Mark
name: Valseth, Eirik
name: Lukac, Matt
name: Dawson, Clint
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a method to extend the finite element library FEniCS to solve problems with domains in dimensions above three by constructing tensor product finite elements. This methodology only requires that the high dimensional domain is structured as a Cartesian product of two lower dimensional subdomains. In this study we consider Dirichlet problems for scalar linear partial differential equations, though the methodology can be extended to non-linear problems. The utilization of tensor product finite elements allows us to construct a global system of linear algebraic equations that only relies on the finite element infrastructure of the lower dimensional subdomains contained in FEniCS. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our methodology in four distinctive test cases. The first test case is a Poisson equation posed in a four dimensional domain which is a Cartesian product of two unit squares solved using the classical Galerkin finite element method. The second test case is the wave equation in space-time, where the computational domain is a Cartesian product of a two dimensional space grid and a one dimensional time interval. In this second case we also employ the Galerkin method. The third test case is an advection dominated advection-diffusion equation where the global domain is a Cartesian product of two one dimensional intervals in which the streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin method is applied to ensure discrete stability. The final test case uses the Galerkin approach to solve a Poisson problem on a Cartesian product of two intervals with a spatially varying, non-separable diffusivity term. In all cases, a p=1 basis is used and optimal L^2 convergence rates of order h^{p+1} of the errors are achieved with respect to h refinement
Well-posedness and dynamics of solutions to the generalized KdV with low power nonlinearity
Creators: name: Friedman, Isaac
name: Riaño, Oscar
name: Roudenko, Svetlana
name: Son, Diana
name: Yang, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider two types of the generalized Korteweg - de Vries equation, where the nonlinearity is given with or without absolute values, and, in particular, including the low powers of nonlinearity, an example of which is the Schamel equation. We first prove the local well-posedness of both equations in a weighted subspace of $H^1$ that includes functions with polynomial decay, extending the result of Linares et al [39] to fractional weights. We then investigate solutions numerically, confirming the well-posedness and extending it to a wider class of functions that includes exponential decay. We include a comparison of solutions to both types of equations, in particular, we investigate soliton resolution for the positive and negative data with different decay rates. Finally, we study the interaction of various solitary waves in both models, showing the formation of solitons, dispersive radiation and even breathers, all of which are easier to track in nonlinearities with lower power.
Anomaly Detection at the European XFEL using a Parity Space based Method
Creators: name: Eichler, Annika
name: Branlard, Julien
name: Timm, Jan H. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel approach to detect anomalies in superconducting radio-frequency cavities is presented, based on the parity space method with the goal to detect quenches and distinguish them from other anomalies. The model-based parity space method relies on analytical redundancy and generates a residual signal computed from measurable RF waveforms. The residual is a sensitive indicator of deviation from the model and provides different signatures for different types of anomalies. This new method not only helps with detecting faults, but also provides a catalogue of unique signatures, based on the detected fault. The method was experimentally verified at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EuXFEL). Various types of anomalies incorrectly detected as quenches by the current quench detection system are analysed using this new approach.
Characterization and dynamics of the peculiar stream Jhelum, A tentative role for the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy
Creators: name: Woudenberg, Hanneke C.
name: Koop, Orlin
name: Balbinot, Eduardo
name: Helmi, Amina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar streams are a promising tool to study the Milky Way's dark matter subhalo population, as interactions with subhalos could produce substructure in streams. However, other possible causes for substructure first need to be well understood. Here we studied the kinematics and the unusual morphology of the stellar stream Jhelum. Using a combination of ground-based photometry and Gaia EDR3 astrometry, we characterized the morphology of Jhelum. We combined this new data with radial velocities from the literature to perform orbit integrations of the stream in static Galactic potentials. We also carried out N-body simulations in the presence of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy. The new data reveal a previously unreported tertiary component in the stream, as well as several gaps and a kink-like feature in its narrow component. We find that for a range of realistic Galactic potentials, no single orbit is able to reproduce Jhelum's radial velocity data entirely. A generic property of the orbital solutions is that they share a similar orbital plane to Sagittarius and this leads to repeated encounters with the stream. Using N-body simulations that include a massive Sagittarius, we explored its effect on Jhelum, and we show that these encounters can qualitatively reproduce the narrow and broad components in Jhelum, as well as create a tertiary component in some cases. We also find evidence that such encounters can result in an apparent increase in the velocity dispersion of the stream by a factor up to four due to overlapping narrow and broad components. Our findings suggest that the Jhelum stream is even more complex than once thought; however, its morphology and kinematics can tentatively be explained via the interactions with Sagittarius. In this scenario, the formation of Jhelum's narrow and broad components occurs naturally, yet some of the smaller gap-like features remain to be explained.
description: 17 pages, 17 figures
Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging of Periodontal Bone
Creators: name: Balasundaram, Ashok
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a low-dose, low-cost three dimensional imaging modality used for several oral and maxillofacial applications. This project evaluated the accuracy of Cone-Beam CT imaging to assess periodontal alveolar bone. In Phase I, ground truth measurements of periodontal bone were obtained using invitro skull models. 146 sites were selected. Skulls were scanned with a CBCT unit and measurements from CT slices were obtained. In Phase II, the diagnostic performance of the CBCT system was assessed compared to that of a full-mouth radiographic examination (FMX). Measurements were compared to ground truth and Az values were calculated from Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Analysis of Variance and Tukey's post-hoc test were used. The Az-value for CBCT was 0.74 (SE=0.02) and for FMX 0.48 (SE=0.02). The difference was significant (ANOVA: p<0.01). CT images from NewTom Cone-beam CT scanner provided better diagnostic and quantitative information of periodontal bone than full mouth radiographs.
On regular solutions for three-dimensional full compressible Navier-Stokes equations with degenerate viscosities and far field vacuum
Creators: name: Duan, Qin
name: Xin, Zhouping
name: Zhu, Shengguo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q30, 35A09, 35A01, 35B44, 35B40, 76N10

description: In this paper, the Cauchy problem for the three-dimensional (3-D) full compressible Navier-Stokes equations (CNS) with zero thermal conductivity is considered. First, when shear and bulk viscosity coefficients both depend on the absolute temperature $θ$ in a power law ($θ^ν$ with $ν>0$) of Chapman-Enskog, based on some elaborate analysis of this system's intrinsic singular structures, we identify one class of initial data admitting a local-in-time regular solution with far field vacuum in terms of the mass density $ρ$, velocity $u$ and entropy $S$. Furthermore, it is shown that within its life span of such a regular solution, the velocity stays in an inhomogeneous Sobolev space, i.e., $u\in H^3(\mathbb{R}^3)$, $S$ has uniformly finite lower and upper bounds in the whole space, and the laws of conservation of total mass, momentum and total energy are all satisfied. Note that due to the appearance of the vacuum, the momentum equations are degenerate both in the time evolution and viscous stress tensor, and the physical entropy for polytropic gases behaves singularly, which make the study on corresponding well-posedness challenging. For proving the existence, we first introduce an enlarged reformulated structure by considering some new variables, which can transfer the degeneracies of the full CNS to the possible singularities of some special source terms related with $S$, and then carry out some singularly weighted energy estimates carefully designed for this reformulated system.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1811.04744
Experimental investigations of linear and nonlinear periodic traveling waves in a viscous fluid conduit
Creators: name: Mao, Yifeng
name: Hoefer, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conduits generated by the buoyant dynamics between two miscible, Stokes fluids with high viscosity contrast exhibit rich nonlinear wave dynamics. However, little is known about the fundamental wave dispersion properties of the medium. In the present work, a pump is used to inject a time-periodic flow that results in the excitation of propagating small and large amplitude periodic traveling waves along the conduit interface. This wavemaker problem is used as a means to measure the linear and nonlinear dispersion relations and corresponding periodic traveling wave profiles. Measurements are favorably compared with predictions from a fully nonlinear, long-wave model (the conduit equation) and the analytically computed linear dispersion relation for two-Stokes flow. A critical frequency is observed, marking the threshold between propagating and non-propagating (spatially decaying) waves. Measurements of wave profiles and the wavenumber-frequency dispersion relation quantitatively agree with wave solutions of the conduit equation. An upshift from the conduit equation's predicted critical frequency is observed and is hypothesized to be explained by incorporating a weak recirculating flow into the full two-Stokes flow model which we observe to be operable in the experiment. When the boundary condition corresponds to the temporal profile of a nonlinear periodic traveling wave solution of the conduit equation, weakly nonlinear and strongly nonlinear, cnoidal-type waves are observed that quantitatively agree with the conduit nonlinear dispersion relation and wave profiles. This wavemaker problem is an important precursor to the experimental investigation of more general boundary value problems in viscous fluid conduit nonlinear wave dynamics.
On the spreading of impacting drops
Creators: name: Wildeman, Sander
name: Visser, Claas Willem
name: Sun, Chao
name: Lohse, Detlef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy budget and dissipation mechanisms during droplet impact on solid surfaces are studied numerically and theoretically. We find that for high impact velocities and negligible surface friction at the solid surface (i.e. free-slip), about one half of the initial kinetic energy is transformed into surface energy, independent of the impact parameters and the detailed energy loss mechanism(s). We argue that this seemingly universal rule is related to the deformation mode of the droplet and is reminiscent of pipe flow undergoing a sudden expansion, for which the head loss can be calculated by multiplying the kinetic energy of the incoming flow by a geometrical factor. For impacts on a no-slip surface also dissipation in the shear boundary layer at the solid surface is important. In this case the geometric head loss acts as a lower bound on the total dissipation (i.e. the spreading on a no-slip surface approaches that on a free-slip surface when the droplet viscosity is send to zero). This new view on the impact problem allows for simple analytical estimates of the maximum spreading diameter of impacting drops as a function of the impact parameters and the properties of the solid surface. It bridges the gap between previous momentum balance approaches and energy balance approaches, which hitherto did not give consistent predictions in the low viscosity limit. Good agreement is found between our models and experiments, both for impacts on "slippery" or lubricated surfaces (e.g. Leidenfrost droplet impacts and head-on droplet-droplet collisions) and for impacts on no-slip surfaces.