cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Zeros of some special entire functions
Creators: name: Baricz, Árpád
name: Singh, Sanjeev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30D15, 30A08, 33C10, 33C20

description: The real and complex zeros of some special entire functions such as Wright, hyper-Bessel, and a special case of generalized hypergeometric functions are studied by using some classical results of Laguerre, Obreschkhoff, Pólya and Runckel. The obtained results extend the known theorem of Hurwitz on exact number of nonreal zeros of Bessel functions of the first kind. Moreover, results on zeros of derivatives of Bessel functions and cross-product of Bessel functions are also given, which are related to some recent open problems.
description: 11 pages
Formation of Dominant Mode by Evolution in Biological Systems
Creators: name: Furusawa, Chikara
name: Kaneko, Kunihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Constraints on changes in expression levels across all cell components imposed by the steady growth of cells have recently been discussed both experimentally and theoretically. By assuming a small environmental perturbation and considering a linear response to it, a common proportionality in such expression changes was derived and partially verified by experimental data. Here, we examined global protein expression in ${\it Escherichia coli}$ under various environmental perturbations. Remarkably they are proportional across components, even though these environmental changes are not small and cover different types of stresses, while the proportion coefficient corresponds to the change in growth rate. However, since such global proportionality is not generic to all systems under a condition of steady growth, a new conceptual framework is needed. We hypothesized that such proportionality is a result of evolution. To validate this hypothesis, we analyzed a cell model with a huge number of components that reproduces itself via a catalytic reaction network, and confirmed that the common proportionality in the concentrations of all components is shaped through evolutionary processes to maximize cell growth (and therefore fitness) under a given environmental condition. Further, we found that the concentration changes across all components in response to environmental and evolutionary changes are constrained along a one-dimensional major axis within a huge-dimensional state space. Based on these observations, we propose a theory in which high-dimensional phenotypic changes after evolution are constrained along a one-dimensional major axis that correlates with the growth rate, which can explain broad experimental and numerical results.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures, submitted
Measurements of top quark spin observables in $t\bar{t}$ events using dilepton final states in $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of top quark spin observables in $t\bar{t}$ events are presented based on 20.2 fb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The analysis is performed in the dilepton final state, characterised by the presence of two isolated leptons (electrons or muons). There are 15 observables, each sensitive to a different coefficient of the spin density matrix of $t\bar{t}$ production, which are measured independently. Ten of these observables are measured for the first time. All of them are corrected for detector resolution and acceptance effects back to the parton and stable-particle levels. The measured values of the observables at parton level are compared to Standard Model predictions at next-to-leading order in QCD. The corrected distributions at stable-particle level are presented and the means of the distributions are compared to Monte Carlo predictions. No significant deviation from the Standard Model is observed for any observable.
description: 50 pages in total, author list starting page 34, 8 figures, 7 tables, submitted to JHEP, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2015-13
Chemical Transformations Approaching Chemical Accuracy via Correlated Sampling in Auxiliary-Field Quantum Monte Carlo
Creators: name: Shee, James
name: Zhang, Shiwei
name: Reichman, David R.
name: Friesner, Richard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exact and phaseless variants of Auxiliary-Field Quantum Monte Carlo (AFQMC) have been shown to be capable of producing accurate ground-state energies for a wide variety of systems including those which exhibit substantial electron correlation effects. The computational cost of performing these calculations has to date been relatively high, impeding many important applications of these approaches. Here we present a correlated sampling methodology for AFQMC which relies on error cancellation to dramatically accelerate the calculation of energy differences of relevance to chemical transformations. In particular, we show that our correlated sampling-based AFQMC approach is capable of calculating redox properties, deprotonation free-energies, and hydrogen abstraction energies in an efficient manner without sacrificing accuracy. We validate the computational protocol by calculating the ionization potentials and electron affinities of the atoms contained in the G2 Test Set, and then proceed to utilize a composite method, which treats fixed-geometry processes with correlated sampling-based AFQMC and relaxation energies via MP2, to compute the ionization potential, deprotonation free-energy, and the O-H bond disocciation energy of methanol, all to within chemical accuracy. We show that the efficiency of correlated sampling relative to uncorrelated calculations increases with system and basis set size, and that correlated sampling greatly reduces the required number of random walkers to achieve a target statistical error. This translates to CPU-time speed-up factors of 55, 25, and 24 for the the ionization potential of the K atom, the deprotonation of methanol, and hydrogen abstraction from the O-H bond of methanol, respectively. We conclude with a discussion of further efficiency improvements that may open the door to the accurate description of chemical processes in complex systems.
Excitonic gap generation in thin-film topological insulators
Creators: name: Menezes, N.
name: Smith, C. Morais
name: Palumbo, Giandomenico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we analyze the excitonic gap generation in the strong-coupling regime of thin films of three-dimensional time-reversal-invariant topological insulators. We start by writing down the effective gauge theory in 2+1-dimensions from the projection of the 3+1-dimensional quantum electrodynamics. Within this method, we obtain a short-range interaction, which has the form of a Thirring-like term, and a long-range one. The interaction between the two surface states of the material induces an excitonic gap. By using the large-$N$ approximation in the strong-coupling limit, we find that there is a dynamical mass generation for the excitonic states that preserves time-reversal symmetry and is related to the dynamical chiral-symmetry breaking of our model. This symmetry breaking occurs only for values of the fermion-flavor number smaller than $N_{c}\approx 11.8$. Our results show that the inclusion of the full dynamical interaction strongly modifies the critical number of flavors for the occurrence of exciton condensation, and therefore, cannot be neglected.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure; Improved version with appendix A changed
Enhancing Quantum Security over Federated Learning via Post-Quantum Cryptography
Creators: name: Li, Pingzhi
name: Chen, Tianlong
name: Liu, Junyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Federated learning (FL) has become one of the standard approaches for deploying machine learning models on edge devices, where private training data are distributed across clients, and a shared model is learned by aggregating locally computed updates from each client. While this paradigm enhances communication efficiency by only requiring updates at the end of each training epoch, the transmitted model updates remain vulnerable to malicious tampering, posing risks to the integrity of the global model. Although current digital signature algorithms can protect these communicated model updates, they fail to ensure quantum security in the era of large-scale quantum computing. Fortunately, various post-quantum cryptography algorithms have been developed to address this vulnerability, especially the three NIST-standardized algorithms - Dilithium, FALCON, and SPHINCS+. In this work, we empirically investigate the impact of these three NIST-standardized PQC algorithms for digital signatures within the FL procedure, covering a wide range of models, tasks, and FL settings. Our results indicate that Dilithium stands out as the most efficient PQC algorithm for digital signature in federated learning. Additionally, we offer an in-depth discussion of the implications of our findings and potential directions for future research.
description: Submission for IEEE 2024 IEEE Workshop on Quantum IntelLigence, Learning & Security (QUILLS), https://sites.google.com/pitt.edu/quills/home
Minḥat zikaron: mizkeret ḥasde ha-Shem asher hefli la-ḳahal ḳadosh Breselo be-ḥamishah be-Kisleṿ shenat 5526
Creators: Leṿi, Avraham
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Floods

description: Manuscript in Hebrew on paper.
Optimizing the Drude-Lorentz model for material permittivity - method, program, and examples for gold, silver, and copper
Creators: name: Sehmi, H. S.
name: Langbein, W.
name: Muljarov, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Approximating the frequency dispersion of the permittivity of materials with simple analytical functions is of fundamental importance for understanding and modeling the optical response of materials and resulting structures. In the generalized Drude-Lorentz model, the permittivity is described in the complex frequency plane by a number of simple poles having complex weights, which is a physically relevant and mathematically simple approach: By construction, it respects causality represents physical resonances of the material, and can be implemented easily in numerical simulations. We report here an efficient method of optimizing the fit of measured data with the Drude-Lorentz model having an arbitrary number of poles. We show examples of such optimizations for gold, silver, and copper, for different frequency ranges and up to four pairs of Lorentz poles taken into account. We also provide a program implementing the method for general use.
High Efficiency Power Side-Channel Attack Immunity using Noise Injection in Attenuated Signature Domain
Creators: name: Das, Debayan
name: Maity, Shovan
name: Nasir, Saad Bin
name: Ghosh, Santosh
name: Raychowdhury, Arijit
name: Sen, Shreyas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the advancement of technology in the last few decades, leading to the widespread availability of miniaturized sensors and internet-connected things (IoT), security of electronic devices has become a top priority. Side-channel attack (SCA) is one of the prominent methods to break the security of an encryption system by exploiting the information leaked from the physical devices. Correlational power attack (CPA) is an efficient power side-channel attack technique, which analyses the correlation between the estimated and measured supply current traces to extract the secret key. The existing countermeasures to the power attacks are mainly based on reducing the SNR of the leaked data, or introducing large overhead using techniques like power balancing. This paper presents an attenuated signature AES (AS-AES), which resists SCA with minimal noise current overhead. AS-AES uses a shunt low-drop-out (LDO) regulator to suppress the AES current signature by 400x in the supply current traces. The shunt LDO has been fabricated and validated in 130 nm CMOS technology. System-level implementation of the AS-AES along with noise injection, shows that the system remains secure even after 50K encryptions, with 10x reduction in power overhead compared to that of noise addition alone.
description: IEEE International Symposium on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (HOST) 2017
Supplemental files for An R-package to track soil water deficits in the root zone: when and how much to irrigate
Creators: name: Constantino Blain, Gabriel
name: da Rocha Sobierajski, Graciela
name: Matos Pires, Regina Célia de
name: DE CARVALHO SILVEIRA, JANE MARIA
name: Lopes Martins, Letícia
name: H. Sparks, Adam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Supplemental files for the manuscript "An R-package to track soil water deficits in the root zone: when and how much to irrigate" published at Bragantia Journal . 

The R-package is at https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=CropWaterBalance
Non-equilibrium superconductivity in driven alkali-doped fullerides
Creators: name: Mazza, Giacomo
name: Georges, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the formation of non-equilibrium superconducting states in driven alkali-doped fullerides A$_3$C$_{60}$. Within a minimal three-orbital model for the superconductivity of these materials, it was recently demonstrated theoretically that an orbital-dependent imbalance of the interactions leads to an enhancement of superconductivity at equilibrium [M. Kim et al. Phys. Rev. B 94, 155152 (2016)]. We investigate the dynamical response to a time periodic modulation of this interaction imbalance, and show that it leads to the formation of a transient superconducting state which survives much beyond the equilibrium critical temperature $T_c$. For a specific range of modulation frequencies, we find that the driving reduces superconductivity when applied to a superconducting state below $T_c$, while still inducing a superconducting state when the initial temperature is larger than $T_c$. These findings reinforce the relevance of the interaction-imbalance mechanism as a possible explanation of the recent experimental observation of light-induced superconductivity in alkali-doped fullerenes.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Reconsideration of the $B \to K^*$ Transition Form Factors within the QCD Light-Cone Sum Rules
Creators: name: Cheng, Wei
name: Wu, Xing-Gang
name: Fu, Hai-Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the $B \to K^*$ transition form factors (TFFs) within the QCD light-cone sum rules (LCSR) approach. Two correlators, i.e. the usual one and the right-handed one, are adopted in the LCSR calculation. The resultant LCSRs for the $B \to K^*$ TFFs are arranged according to the twist structure of the $K^*$-meson light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs), whose twist-2, twist-3 and twist-4 terms behave quite differently by using different correlators. We observe that the twist-4 LCDAs, though generally small, shall have sizable contributions to the TFFs $A_{1/2}$, $V$ and $T_1$, thus the twist-4 terms should be kept for a sound prediction. We also observe that even though different choices of the correlator lead to different LCSRs with different twist contributions, the large correlation coefficients for most of the TFFs indicate that the LCSRs for different correlators are close to each order, not only for their values at the large recoil point $q^2=0$ but also for their ascending trends in whole $q^2$-region. Such a high degree of correlation is confirmed by their application to the branching fraction of the semi-leptonic decay $B \to K^* μ^+ μ^-$. Thus, a proper choice of correlator may inversely provide a chance for probing uncertain LCDAs, i.e. the contributions from those LCDAs can be amplified to a certain degree via a proper choice of correlator, thus amplifying the sensitivity of the TFFs, and hence their related observables, to those LCDAs.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures. Discussions improved and references updated. To be published in Phys.Rev.D
Thermal regimes of Li-ion conductivity in beta-eucryptite
Creators: name: Chen, Yachao
name: Manna, Sukriti
name: Ciobanu, Cristian V.
name: Reimanis, Ivar E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While it is well established that ionic conduction in lithium aluminosilicates proceeds via hopping of Li ions, the nature of the various hoping-based mechanisms in different temperature regimes has not been fully elucidated. The difficulties associated with investigating the conduction have to do with the presence of grains and grain boundaries of different orientations in these usually polycrystalline materials. Herein, we use electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to investigate the ion conduction mechanisms in -eucryptite, which is a prototypical lithium aluminosilicate. In the absence of significant structural transitions in grain boundaries, we have found that there are three conduction regimes for the one-dimensional ionic motion along the c axis channels in the grains, and determined the activation energies for each of these temperature regimes. Activation energies computed from molecular statics calculations of the potential energy landscape encountered by Li ions suggest that at temperatures below 440 °C conduction proceeds via cooperative or correlated motion, in agreement with established literature. Between 440 °C and 500°C, the activation barriers extracted from EIS measurements are large and consistent with those from atomistic calculations for uncorrelated Li ion hopping. Above 500 °C the activation barriers decrease significantly, which indicates that after the transition to the Li-disordered phase of -eucryptite, the Li ion motion largely regains the correlated character.
description: submitted to Journal of American Ceramic Society
Regularity and chaos in cavity QED
Creators: name: Bastarrachea-Magnani, M. A.
name: López-del-Carpio, B.
name: Chávez-Carlos, J.
name: Lerma-Hernández, S.
name: Hirsch, J. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction of a quantized electromagnetic field in a cavity with a set of two-level atoms inside can be described with algebraic Hamiltonians of increasing complexity, from the Rabi to the Dicke models. Their algebraic character allows, through the use of coherente states, a semiclassical description in phase space, where the non-integrable Dicke model has regions associated with regular and chaotic motion. The appearance of classical chaos can be quantified calculating the largest Lyapunov exponent in the whole available phase space for a given energy. In the quantum regime, employing efficient diagonalization techniques, we are able to perform a detailed quantitative study of the regular and chaotic regions, where the quantum Participation Ratio (PR) of coherent states on the eigenenergy basis plays a role equivalent to the Lyapunov exponent. It is noted that, in the thermodynamic limit, dividing the Participation Ratio by the number of atoms leads to a positive value in chaotic regions, while it tends to zero in the regular ones.
description: 22 pages, 12 figures
Schismatogobius bussoni Keith, Lord, DarHuddin, Limmon, Sukmono, Hadiaty & Hubert, 2017, n. sp.
Creators: name: Keith, Philippe
name: Lord, Clara
name: DarHuddin, Hadi
name: Limmon, Gino
name: Sukmono, Tedjo
name: Hadiaty, Renny K.
name: Hubert, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Perciformes
Gobiidae
Schismatogobius
Schismatogobius bussoni

description: Schismatogobius bussoni, n. sp. Keith, Hubert, Limmon & Darhuddin
(Figs 1-2; 4-5; Tabs I-III)
 Material examined. – Eleven specimens from Moluccas with a size range of 16-24.3 mm SL.
 Holotype. – MZB 23798, male (22 mm SL); Ambon, Wai Kalauli, Moluccas, 3 Apr. 2016, coll. Hubert, Keith, Busson, Darhuddin et al.; BIF 5547.
 Paratypes. – MZB 23799, 1 male, 4 females (17.4- 24.3 mm SL); Ceram Tengah, Wai Tuni, Moluccas, 29 Mar. 2016, coll. Hubert et al.; BIF 5349 to 5353. MNHN 2016- 0305, 1 female, 4 males (16-24.2 mm SL); Ceram Tengah, Wai Tuni, Moluccas, 29 Mar. 2016, coll. Hubert et al.; tags 12162, 12167, 12168, 12169, 12173.
 Diagnosis
Usually 15 pectoral rays; pectoral fins with a large oval transverse dorsal black band. First dorsal fin membrane posterior to spine 6 not connected to base of spine of second dorsal fin. Ventral surface of head in male, and sometimes frenum, blackish. Ventral surface of head in female whitish, slightly pigmented with dark dots around the mouth and usually with a blackish ring around mentum. A single mitochondrial lineage (BOLD:ADF3589).
 Description
 A small sized Schismatogobius (average adult size <25 mm SL). Body naked, slender, almost circular in cross-section. Head rounded, snout rather pointed. Mouth oblique, lower lip more prominent. Jaw lengths in male much greater than in female; jaw length 47.6-57.6% of HL in males and 31.7-39.7% of HL in females. Lower jaw reaching vertical brown. Belly whitish to greyish. First dorsal fin with large horizontal black band. Second dorsal fin with rows of black spots on rays. Caudal fin mainly black with two median white spots dorsally and ventrally. Pectoral fin translucent with a large black spot at the base dorsally. Caudal and pectoral fins translucent. Inside of mouth bright orange. Female: usually four vertical black bands in dorsal view; first band below first dorsal fin, second and third bands below second dorsal fin and fourth band at hypural crease, so the two middle bands are very close to each other. Colour of body between each band mottled and brownish-red. Nape orange. Cheeks and snout marbled with black and dusky markings. Belly greyish to yellow. Caudal fin mainly black with two median white spots dorsally and ventrally. Pectoral fins translucent with a large black spot at the base dorsally. Caudal and pectoral fins translucent. Inside of mouth grey.
description: Published as part of Keith, Philippe, Lord, Clara, DarHuddin, Hadi, Limmon, Gino, Sukmono, Tedjo, Hadiaty, Renny K. & Hubert, Nicolas, 2017, Schismatogobius (Gobiidae) from Indonesia, with description of four new species, pp. 195-211 in Cybium 41 (2) on page 203, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2017-412-010, http://zenodo.org/record/13483955
Lorentz invariance violation in the neutrino sector: a joint analysis from big bang nucleosynthesis and the cosmic microwave background
Creators: name: Dai, Wei-Ming
name: Guo, Zong-Kuan
name: Cai, Rong-Gen
name: Zhang, Yuan-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate constraints on Lorentz invariance violation in the neutrino sector from a joint analysis of big bang nucleosynthesis and the cosmic microwave background. The effect of Lorentz invariance violation during the epoch of big bang nucleosynthesis changes the predicted helium-4 abundance, which influences the power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background at the recombination epoch. In combination with the latest measurement of the primordial helium-4 abundance, the Planck 2015 data of the cosmic microwave background anisotropies give a strong constraint on the deformation parameter since adding the primordial helium measurement breaks the degeneracy between the deformation parameter and the physical dark matter density.
description: 10 pages, 8 figure
Two Channels of Metal-Rich Compact Stellar System Formation: Starbursts under High Ram Pressure versus Tidal Stripping
Creators: name: Bian, Yuan
name: Du, Min
name: Debattista, Victor P.
name: Nelson, Dylan
name: Norris, Mark A.
name: Ho, Luis C.
name: Lu, Shuai
name: Cen, Renyue
name: Ma, Shuo
name: Ge, Chong
name: Fang, Taotao
name: Li, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most galaxies follow well-defined scaling relations of metallicity and stellar mass; however, some outliers at the low mass end of the observed galaxy population exhibit unusually high metallicity for their mass. Understanding how these objects get to be so metal-rich is vital for understanding the role of feedback in galaxy formation. Using the TNG50 simulation, we explore the origins of this phenomenon. We identify 227 metal-rich, compact stellar systems (CSSs) that deviate significantly from this scaling relation. These CSSs are satellites located in the vicinity of massive host galaxies, with stellar masses ranging from $10^{8} M_{\odot}$ to $10^{10}\ M_{\odot}$ (including six systems that are close analogs of the M31-M32 system). Contrary to the previously assumed scenario that such objects are predominantly products of tidal stripping, our results suggest a more prevalent role for ram pressure in their formation. Indeed, 76% (173) of these CSSs are formed through a burst of star formation occurring around the time of the first pericentric passage, typically at redshifts $z\lesssim1$, aided by strong ram pressure and tidal forces. The high ram pressure, resulting from the CSSs' rapid motion near the halo center, facilitates metal enrichment, producing high-metallicity CSSs by confining the metal-rich gas from bursty star formation, which leads to distinct stellar populations characterized by enhanced metallicity as well as high $α$-abundance. Only the remaining 24% (54) of metal-rich CSSs are generated through the tidal stripping of massive progenitors. Our results further indicate that M32 is more likely to have formed through intense star formation events rather than through gradual, tidal stripping, thereby providing crucial insights into the nature of low mass, compact galaxy formation.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures, published in ApJ Letters
Potential contamination of microplastic from plastic recycling enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Creators: name: Le Tran, Minh
name: Van Nguyen, Ha Thi
name: Thai, Vu Phuong
name: Nguyen, Thiep Ngoc
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Virology

description: The widespread presence of microplastics (MPs) in water raises serious concerns on a global scale due to the negative effects on human health and ecosystems. Wastewater and sludge from preliminary plants of recycled plastic pellets are a significant continuous source of MP discharged into the environment. Wastewater and sludge samples were collected from three plastic recycling plants and analyzed for MPs (size from 0.15–5 mm). The average rate of MP emission was approximately 5.8–6.6% of the total investigations. The MP in water ranged from 14.3410 to 19.3395 g/l, of which 40% with size 2–5 mm, 32% (1–2 mm), 5% (0.5–1 mm), 14% (0.15–0.5 mm), and 9% with size less than 0.15 mm in average. MP in sludge varied from 472.2031 to 644.7620 g/kg, of which, 37% with size 2–5 mm, 24% (1–2 mm), 9% (0.5–1 mm), 12% (0.15–0.5 mm) and 18% less than 0.15 mm. In average, 2,695 particles/l and 287,600 particles/kg of MP size 0.15–5 mm was found in wastewater and sludge, which may have a potential risk to aquatic fauna and humans. Therefore, control microplastic emission from those sources will contribute significantly to reducing microplastics entering the surrounding environment.
CP violation in two-meson Tau decays induced by heavy new physics
Creators: name: Aguilar, Daniel A. López
name: Rendón, Javier
name: Roig, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the effective field theory formalism that was used to study CP violation induced by heavy new physics in the $τ\to K_S πν_τ$ decays to the other two-meson tau decay channels. We focus on the rate and the forward-backward asymmetries, that are predicted using current bounds on the complex Wilson coefficients of the effective Lagrangian. We discuss our outcomes for the modes with $(K/π)π^0$ and $K K_S$, that can be studied at Belle-II and a super-tau-charm facility. Our main finding is that current and forthcoming experiments would be sensitive to the maximum allowed CP rate asymmetry in the $K^\pm K_S$ modes if a precision of $5\%$ is reached on this observable, that can check as well the BaBar anomaly in $K_Sπ$. For the $π^\pmπ^0$ channels, new physics would be difficult to probe at present. Disentangling new sources of CP violation would be most challenging in $K^\pmπ^0$ and the other modes.
description: 25 pages, 11 figures. Minor changes to match published version
Synthesis and characterisation of antimicrobial metal–organic frameworks as multi-drug carriers
Creators: name: Ahmed, Ahmed
name: Kelly, Aileen
name: Leonard, Dayle
name: Saleem, Waleed
name: Bezrukov, Andrey
name: Efthymiou, Constantinos G.
name: Zaworotko, Michael
name: Tiana, Davide
name: Boyd, Aoife
name: Papatriantafyllopoulou, Constantina
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Antibiotic resistance is a significant global concern, necessitating the development of either new anti-biotics or advanced delivery methods. With this in mind, we report on the synthesis and characterisation of a new family of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs), OnG6 MOFs, designed to act as multi-drug carriers for bacterial infection treatment. OnG6 is based on the pro-drug 4,4’-azodisalicylic acid (AZDH4), which in vivo produces two equivalents of para-aminosalicylic acid (ASA), a crucial drug for M. tuberculosis treatment. X-ray and computational studies revealed that OnG6 MOFs are mesoporous MOFs with etb topology and an [M2(AZD)] formula (M = Zn, OnG6-Zn; Mg, OnG6-Mg; Cu, OnG6-Cu; and Co, OnG6-Co), featuring 1-dimensional channel type pores of 25 Å diameter. OnG6 MOFs are the first reported MOFs bearing the ligand AZDH4, joining the family of mesoporous MOFs arranged in a honeycomb pattern. They absorb isoniazid (INH) and ciprofloxacin (CIPRO) with the former being a specific antibiotic for M. tuberculosis, and the latter being a broader-spectrum antibiotic. The stability of the MOFs and their capacity for antibiotic uptake depend on the nature of the metal ion, with OnG6-Mg demonstrating the highest drug absorption. The antimicrobial activity of these species was assessed against S. aureus and E. coli, revealing that the carriers containing CIPRO displayed optimal efficacy.
CO-dark molecular gas at high redshift: very large H$_2$ content and high pressure in a low metallicity damped Lyman-alpha system
Creators: name: Balashev, S. A.
name: Noterdaeme, P.
name: Rahmani, H.
name: Klimenko, V. V.
name: Ledoux, C.
name: Petitjean, P.
name: Srianand, R.
name: Ivanchik, A. V.
name: Varshalovich, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of a H$_2$-rich, extremely strong intervening Damped Ly-$α$ Absorption system (DLA) at $z_{\rm abs}=2.786$ towards the quasar J$\,$0843+0221, observed with the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope. The total column density of molecular (resp. atomic) hydrogen is $\log N$(H$_2$)=$21.21\pm0.02$ (resp. $\log N$(H$\,$I)=$21.82\pm0.11$), making it to be the first case in quasar absorption lines studies with H$_2$ column density as high as what is seen in $^{13}$CO-selected clouds in the Milky-Way. We find that this system has one of the lowest metallicity detected among H$_2$-bearing DLAs, with $\rm [Zn/H]=-1.52^{+0.08}_{-0.10}$. This can be the reason for the marked differences compared to systems with similar H$_2$ column densities in the local Universe: $(i)$ the kinetic temperature, $T\sim$120~K, derived from the $J=0,1$ H$_2$ rotational levels is at least twice higher than expected; $(ii)$ there is little dust extinction with A$_V < 0.1$; $(iii)$ no CO molecules are detected, putting a constraint on the $X_{\rm CO}$ factor $X_{\rm CO}> 2\times 10^{23} $ cm$^{-2}$/(km/s\,K), in the very low metallicity gas. Low CO and high H$_2$ contents indicate that this system represents "CO-dark/faint" gas. We investigate the physical conditions in the H$_2$-bearing gas using the fine-structure levels of C$\,$I, C$\,$II, Si$\,$II and the rotational levels of HD and H$_2$. We find the number density to be about $n \sim 260-380\,$cm$^{-3}$, implying a high thermal pressure of $(3-5) \times 10^4\,$cm$^{-3}\,$K. We further identify a trend of increasing pressure with increasing total hydrogen column density. This independently supports the suggestion that extremely strong DLAs (with $\log\,$N(H) $\sim 22$) probe high-z galaxies at low impact parameters.
description: 21 pages, 21 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Degenerate cavity supporting more than 31 Laguerre-Gaussian modes
Creators: name: Cheng, Ze-Di
name: Liu, Zhao-Di
name: Luo, Xi-Wang
name: Zhou, Zheng-Wei
name: Wang, Jian
name: Li, Qiang
name: Wang, Yi-Tao
name: Tang, Jian-Shun
name: Xu, Jin-Shi
name: Li, Chuan-Feng
name: Guo, Guang-Can
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photons propagating in Laguerre-Gaussian modes have characteristic orbital angular momentums, which are fundamental optical degrees of freedom. The orbital angular momentum of light has potential application in high capacity optical communication and even in quantum information processing. In this work, we experimentally construct a ring cavity with 4 lenses and 4 mirrors that is completely degenerate for Laguerre-Gaussian modes. By measuring the transmission peaks and patterns of different modes, the ring cavity is shown to supporting more than 31 Laguerre-Gaussian modes. The constructed degenerate cavity opens a new way for using the unlimited resource of available angular momentum states simultaneously.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, optics letters
Classical capacity per unit cost for quantum channels
Creators: name: Jarzyna, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In most communication scenarios, sending a symbol encoded in a quantum state requires spending resources such as energy, which can be quantified by a cost of communication. A standard approach in this context is to quantify the performance of communication protocol by classical capacity, quantifying the maximal amount of information that can be transmitted through a quantum channel per single use of the channel. However, different figures of merit are also possible, and a particularly well-suited one is the classical capacity per unit cost, which quantifies the maximal amount of information that can be transmitted per unit cost. I generalize this concept to account for the quantum nature of the information carriers and communication channels and show that if there exists a state with cost equal to zero, e.g. a vacuum state, the capacity per unit cost can be expressed by a simple formula containing maximization of the relative entropy between two quantum states. This enables me to analyze the behavior of photon information efficiency for general communication tasks and show simple bounds on the capacity per unit cost in terms of quantities familiar from quantum estimation theory. I calculate also the capacity per unit cost for general Gaussian quantum channels.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, final version, updated references
Ḳinah: le-moto shel Eliyahu ben Menaḥem ha-Kohen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Laments

description: Manuscript in Hebrew on paper. A lament by Eliʻezer di Mordo for the death of Eliyahu ben Menaḥem ha-Kohen.
Scoto-seesaw model implied by flavor-dependent Abelian gauge charge
Creators: name: Van Loi, Duong
name: Duy, N. T.
name: Nam, Cao H.
name: Van Dong, Phung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assuming fundamental fermions possess a new Abelian gauge charge that depends on flavors of both quark and lepton, we obtain a simple extension of the Standard Model, which reveals some new physics insights. The new gauge charge anomaly cancellation not only explains the existence of just three fermion generations as observed but also requires the presence of a unique right-handed neutrino $ν_R$ with a non-zero new gauge charge. Further, the new gauge charge breaking supplies a residual matter parity, under which the fundamental fermions and $ν_R$ are even, whereas a right-handed neutrino $N_R$ without the new charge is odd. Consequently, light neutrino masses in our model are generated from the tree-level type-I seesaw mechanism induced by $ν_R$ and from the one-loop scotogenic contribution accommodated by potential dark matter candidates, $N_R$ and dark scalars, odd under the matter parity. We examine new physics phenomena related to the additional gauge boson, which could be observed at colliders. We analyze the constraints imposed on our model by current experimental limits on neutrino masses, neutral meson oscillations, $B$-meson decays, and charged lepton flavor violating processes. We also investigate the potential dark matter candidates by considering relic density and direct detection.
description: 41 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables; revised version, published in EPJC
Joint Strong and Weak Lensing Analysis of the Massive Cluster Field J0850+3604
Creators: name: Wong, Kenneth C.
name: Raney, Catie
name: Keeton, Charles R.
name: Umetsu, Keiichi
name: Zabludoff, Ann I.
name: Ammons, S. Mark
name: French, K. Decker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a combined strong and weak lensing analysis of the J085007.6+360428 (J0850) field, which was selected by its high projected concentration of luminous red galaxies and contains the massive cluster Zwicky 1953. Using Subaru/Suprime-Cam $BVR_{c}I_{c}i^{\prime}z^{\prime}$ imaging and MMT/Hectospec spectroscopy, we first perform a weak lensing shear analysis to constrain the mass distribution in this field, including the cluster at $z = 0.3774$ and a smaller foreground halo at $z = 0.2713$. We then add a strong lensing constraint from a multiply-imaged galaxy in the imaging data with a photometric redshift of $z \approx 5.03$. Unlike previous cluster-scale lens analyses, our technique accounts for the full three-dimensional mass structure in the beam, including galaxies along the line of sight. In contrast with past cluster analyses that use only lensed image positions as constraints, we use the full surface brightness distribution of the images. This method predicts that the source galaxy crosses a lensing caustic such that one image is a highly-magnified "fold arc", which could be used to probe the source galaxy's structure at ultra-high spatial resolution ($< 30$ pc). We calculate the mass of the primary cluster to be $\mathrm{M_{vir}} = 2.93_{-0.65}^{+0.71} \times 10^{15}~\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$ with a concentration of $\mathrm{c_{vir}} = 3.46_{-0.59}^{+0.70}$, consistent with the mass-concentration relation of massive clusters at a similar redshift. The large mass of this cluster makes J0850 an excellent field for leveraging lensing magnification to search for high-redshift galaxies, competitive with and complementary to that of well-studied clusters such as the HST Frontier Fields.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal; 14 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables
Dark Matter "Collider" from Inelastic Boosted Dark Matter
Creators: name: Kim, Doojin
name: Park, Jong-Chul
name: Shin, Seodong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel dark matter (DM) detection strategy for the models with non-minimal dark sector. The main ingredients in the underlying DM scenario are a boosted DM particle and a heavier dark sector state. The relativistic DM impinged on target material scatters off inelastically to the heavier state which subsequently decays into DM along with lighter states including visible (Standard Model) particles. The expected signal event, therefore, accompanies a visible signature by the secondary cascade process associated with a recoiling of the target particle, differing from the typical neutrino signal not involving the secondary signature. We then discuss various kinematic features followed by DM detection prospects at large volume neutrino detectors with a model framework where a dark gauge boson is the mediator between the Standard Model particles and DM.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Dihadron production at the LHC: full next-to-leading BFKL calculation
Creators: name: Celiberto, Francesco Giovanni
name: Ivanov, Dmitry Yu.
name: Murdaca, Beatrice
name: Papa, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of the inclusive production of a pair of charged light hadrons (a "dihadron" system) featuring high transverse momenta and well separated in rapidity represents a clear channel for the test of the BFKL dynamics at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This process has much in common with the well known Mueller-Navelet jet production; however, hadrons can be detected at much smaller values of the transverse momentum than jets, thus allowing to explore an additional kinematic range, supplementary to the one studied with Mueller-Navelet jets. Furthermore, it makes it possible to constrain not only the parton densities (PDFs) for the initial proton, but also the parton fragmentation functions (FFs) describing the detected hadron in the final state. Here, we present the first full NLA BFKL analysis for cross sections and azimuthal angle correlations for dihadrons produced in the LHC kinematic ranges. We make use of the Brodsky-Lapage-Mackenzie (BLM) optimization method to set the values of the renormalization scale and study the effect of choosing different values for the factorization scale. We also gauge the uncertainty coming from the use of different PDF and FF parametrizations.
description: 30 pages, 12 figures; added some text and two figures, marginal change in Eq.(5) and in one of the figures; version published on Eur. Phys. J. C
VITALISE D6.2 Ethical application documents for JRA2
Creators: name: Petsani Despoina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Although Living Labs have emerged as resilient research and innovation infrastructures and have proved to be a “key” to the integration of research and innovation processes in real-life settings, they still fail to provide and function according to unified and harmonized processes that are easily accessible and exploitable by academic and industry researchers. VITALISE brings together Living Labs across Europe (and 1 outside Europe in Canada) to create a Thematic ecosystem of Living Labs in the Health and Wellbeing domain, aiming at creating synergies and transnational collaboration opportunities through innovative Joint Research Activities. During VITALISE three Joint Research Activities will be implemented among the consortium Living Lab partners. These Joint Research Activities (JRAs) include state of the art use cases that investigate Active and Healthy Ageing (AHA) and chronic conditions in three important domains for the Health and Wellbeing Research. There were selected based on the consortium’s existing research studies and expertise: Rehabilitation, Transitional care and Everyday living environments (WP5, WP6, WP7). This document presents the work performed for obtaining ethical approval for the research activities performed in WP6, JRA2 Transitional care.
Measurement of inclusive and differential cross sections of single top quark production in association with a W boson in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13.6 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first measurement of the inclusive and normalised differential cross sections of single top quark production in association with a W boson in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV is presented. The data were recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2022, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 34.7 fb$^{-1}$. The analysed events contain one muon and one electron in the final state. For the inclusive measurement, multivariate discriminants exploiting the kinematic properties of the events are used to separate the signal from the dominant top quark-antiquark production background. A cross section of 82.3 $\pm$ 2.1 (stat) ${}^{+9.9}_{-9.7}$ (syst) $\pm$ 3.3 (lumi) pb is obtained, consistent with the predictions of the standard model. A fiducial region is defined according to the detector acceptance to perform the differential measurements. The resulting differential distributions are unfolded to particle level and show good agreement with the predictions at next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/TOP-23-008 (CMS Public Pages)
A Second Order Cone Programming Model for Planning PEV Fast-Charging Stations
Creators: name: Zhang, Hongcai
name: Moura, Scott
name: Hu, Zechun
name: Qi, Wei
name: Song, Yonghua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper studies siting and sizing of plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) fast-charging stations on coupled transportation and power networks. We develop a closed-form service rate model of highway PEV charging stations' service abilities, which considers heterogeneous PEV driving ranges and charging demands.We utilize a modified capacitated flow refueling location model (CFRLM) to explicitly capture time-varying PEV charging demands on the transportation network under driving range constraints. We explore extra constraints of the CFRLM to enhance model accuracy and computational efficiency.We then propose a stochastic mixed-integer second order cone programming (SOCP) model for PEV fast-charging station planning. The model considers the transportation network constraints of CFRLM and the power network constraints with AC power flow. Numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.