cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of oxytocin as a possible treatment for the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on neurogenesis, stress reactivity, and anxiety-like behaviour in male and female rats
Creators: name: Baglot, Samantha L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2020

description: The hippocampus provides inhibitory regulation on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Hippocampal neurogenesis (birth of new neurons) has been implicated in the HPA axis ability to mount an appropriate response to stress. Both the hippocampus and HPA axis are highly susceptible to early environmental modulation. Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has been shown to alter HPA axis activity, reduce hippocampal neurogenesis, and increase anxiety-like behaviour. Dysregulated HPA axis activity and altered hippocampal neurogenesis following PAE likely underlie the behavioural expression of anxiety. The neuropeptide, oxytocin (OT), has been shown to dampen HPA axis response to stress, stimulate hippocampal neurogenesis, and act as an anxiolytic. OT is a prime therapeutic candidate to treat the altered stress responsivity and increased anxiety following PAE because it may act on underlying neurogenic and endocrine mechanisms. The objective of this study was to examine whether OT can modulate the effects of PAE on neurogenic, stress-response, and behavioural outcomes. In adulthood, male and female offspring from alcohol-fed, pair-fed, and control dams were treated daily with OT or vehicle for 10 days. OT-treated animals exhibited sedative-like effects and reduced locomotor activity. PAE animals showed fewer sedative-like effects, which may suggest altered OT sensitivity, as well as exhibited hyperactivity. Decreased locomotor activity following OT may preferentially impact hyperactive PAE animals. Interestingly, PAE animals also showed decreased anxiety-like behaviour; however, this effect may be confounded by hyperactivity and reflect impulsivity or inappropriate risk-assessment. PAE males showed attenuated CORT recovery following acute restraint stress, which OT did not modulate. PAE animals exhibited increased density of immature neurons in the dorsal dentate gyrus, whereas OT had no effect on neurogenesis. Utilizing the methods in this study OT was not able to mitigate the effects of PAE on endocrine or neurogenic domains. However, OT may act to reduce hyperactivity following PAE, which may support attenuation of learning and memory deficits, attention problems, and impulsivity. Our findings are an important extension of previous work on altered neurogenic, endocrine, and behavioural responses following PAE. Our results support and extend literature on the use of OT as a therapeutic intervention, with novel utilization following PAE.
Hawking radiation in multi-horizon spacetimes using Hamilton Jacobi method
Creators: name: Singha, Chiranjeeb
name: Nanda, Pritam
name: Tripathy, Pabitra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been recently shown that the contribution between the horizons determines the Hawking temperature for a multi-horizon spacetime. In this article, we apply the Hamiltonian Jacobi method to compute the Hawking temperature for some multi-horizon spacetimes like Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime (SdS), Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter spacetime (RNdS), and rotating BTZ black hole spacetime (RBTZ) and also arrive at the same conclusion. There are two contributions to the tunneling process of radiation. The combination of these two contributions gives the radiation with the Hawking temperature with an effective surface gravity.
description: 11 pages, published version
Star formation triggered by the Galactic HII region RCW 120: First results from the Herschel Space Observatory
Creators: name: Zavagno, A.
name: Russeil, D.
name: Motte, F.
name: Anderson, L. D.
name: Deharveng, L.
name: Rodon, J. A.
name: Bontemps, S.
name: Abergel, A.
name: Baluteau, J. -P.
name: Sauvage, M.
name: André, P.
name: Hill, T.
name: White, G. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By means of different physical mechanisms, the expansion of HII regions can promote the formation of new stars of all masses. RCW 120 is a nearby Galactic HII region where triggered star formation occurs. This region is well-studied - there being a wealth of existing data - and is nearby. However, it is surrounded by dense regions for which far infrared data is essential to obtain an unbiased view of the star formation process and in particular to establish whether very young protostars are present. We attempt to identify all Young Stellar Objects (YSOs), especially those previously undetected at shorter wavelengths, to derive their physical properties and obtain insight into the star formation history in this region. We use Herschel-PACS and -SPIRE images to determine the distribution of YSOs observed in the field. We use a spectral energy distribution fitting tool to derive the YSOs physical properties. Herschel-PACS and -SPIRE images confirm the existence of a young source and allow us to determine its nature as a high-mass (8-10 MSun) Class 0 object (whose emission is dominated by a massive envelope) towards the massive condensation 1 observed at (sub)-millimeter wavelengths. This source was not detected at 24 micron and only barely seen in the MISPGAL 70 micron data. Several other red sources are detected at Herschel wavelengths and coincide with the peaks of the millimeter condensations. SED fitting results for the brightest Herschel sources indicate that, apart from the massive Class 0 that forms in condensation 1, young low mass stars are forming around RCW 120. The YSOs observed on the borders of RCW 120 are younger than its ionizing star, which has an age of about 2.5 Myr.
description: 5 pqges, 3 figures, accepted by A&A (Special issue on the Herschel first results)
Subnanosecond Ellipticity Detector for Laser Radiation
Creators: name: Ganichev, Sergey
name: Kiermaier, Josef
name: Weber, Wolfgang
name: Danilov, Sergey
name: Schuh, Dieter
name: Gerl, Christian
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Bougeard, Dominique
name: Abstreiter, Gerhard
name: Prettl, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: A room temperature detector of terahertz laser radiation ellipticity has been developed based on the simultaneous measurements of three different photoelectric phenomena: circular photogalvanic effect, linear photogalvanic effect, and photon drag effect. Each of these effects, which have subnanosecond time constants, is monitored by different detector units stacked together in one detector.
ICP Algorithm: Theory, Practice And Its SLAM-oriented Taxonomy
Creators: name: Bai, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm is one of the most important algorithms for geometric alignment of three-dimensional surface registration, which is frequently used in computer vision tasks, including the Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) tasks. In this paper, we illustrate the theoretical principles of the ICP algorithm, how it can be used in surface registration tasks, and the traditional taxonomy of the variants of the ICP algorithm. As SLAM is becoming a popular topic, we also introduce a SLAM-oriented taxonomy of the ICP algorithm, based on the characteristics of each type of SLAM task, including whether the SLAM task is online or not and whether the landmarks are present as features in the SLAM task. We make a synthesis of each type of SLAM task by comparing several up-to-date research papers and analyzing their implementation details.
description: Accepted by CONF-CDS'22
Phonons in a one-dimensional microfluidic crystal
Creators: name: Beatus, Tsevi
name: Tlusty, Tsvi
name: Bar-Ziv, Roy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of a general theoretical framework for describing the behaviour of a crystal driven far from equilibrium has proved difficult1. Microfluidic crystals, formed by the introduction of droplets of immiscible fluid into a liquid-filled channel, provide a convenient means to explore and develop models to describe non-equilibrium dynamics2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. Owing to the fact that these systems operate at low Reynolds number (Re), in which viscous dissipation of energy dominates inertial effects, vibrations are expected to be over-damped and contribute little to their dynamics12, 13, 14. Against such expectations, we report the emergence of collective normal vibrational modes (equivalent to acoustic 'phonons') in a one-dimensional microfluidic crystal of water-in-oil droplets at Reapprox10-4. These phonons propagate at an ultra-low sound velocity of approx100 mum s-1 and frequencies of a few hertz, exhibit unusual dispersion relations markedly different to those of harmonic crystals, and give rise to a variety of crystal instabilities that could have implications for the design of commercial microfluidic systems. First-principles theory shows that these phonons are an outcome of the symmetry-breaking flow field that induces long-range inter-droplet interactions, similar in nature to those observed in many other systems including dusty plasma crystals15, 16, vortices in superconductors17, 18, active membranes19 and nucleoprotein filaments20.
description: https://www.weizmann.ac.il/complex/tlusty/papers/NaturePhys2006.pdf
Chaotic behavior in classical Yang-Mills dynamics
Creators: name: Kunihiro, T.
name: Müller, B.
name: Ohnishi, A.
name: Schäfer, A.
name: Takahashi, T. T.
name: Yamamoto, A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the underlying mechanisms causing rapid thermalization deduced for high-energy heavy ion collisions is still a challenge. To estimate the thermalization time, entropy growth for classical Yang-Mills theories is studied, based on the determination of Lyapunov exponents. Distinct regimes for short, medium and long sampling times are characterized by different properties of their spectrum of Lyapunov exponents. Clarifying the existence of these regimes and their implications for gauge-field dynamics is one of the results of this contribution. As a phenomenological application we conclude that for pure gauge theories with random initial conditions thermalization occurs within few fm/c, an estimate which can be reduced by the inclusion of fermions, specific initial conditions, etc.
Die ORCID iD – der persönliche Identifier in der Wissenschaft
Creators: name: Schrader, Antonia
name: Pampel, Heinz
name: Vierkant, Paul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: ORCID
Open Researcher and Contributor ID
ORCID DE
Autorenidentifikation
PID
GND
Open Science
persistent identifier

description: Die nachfolgende Präsentation (erstellt vom Projekt ORCID DE und freigegeben von ORCID Inc.) bietet eine Übersicht zum Prinzip von ORCID.
 Diese Präsentation kann gern von Ihnen nachgenutzt werden, da sie explizit für Beratungen zu ORCID innerhalb Ihrer Einrichtung (sowohl für Wissenschaftler*innen als auch Administration) konzipiert worden ist.
Opportunities for agricultural water management interventions in the Nariarlé watershed in Burkina Faso
Creators: name: Bruin, Annemarieke De
name: Cambridge, Howard
name: Stein, Christian
name: Korodjouma Ouattara
name:  Souleymane Paré
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Opportunities for agricultural water management interventions in the Nariarlé watershed in Burkina Faso
The Influence of Gully Pot Performance on the Entry of Runoff Sediment into Sewers
Creators: name: Karunaratne, Saparamadu H P G.
Publisher: name: London South Bank University
Year: 1992

description: The aim of this research project has been to study the sediment retention process of the gully pot in an attempt to evaluate its efficiency in preventing sediment entry into sewers. An initial field study of the sewers in the London Borough of Lambeth has shown Significant sediment deposits in many sewers. Analysis of gully pot basal sediment characteristics has indicated that they contain proportionately more finer material than sewer sediments. 
A laboratory rig was constructed to investigate the settlement of sediment, sediment bed erosion, the influence of non-particulate materials on erosion, the blockage mechanism and the removal of dissolved solids using a tracer study. A model based on modified reactor theory was successfully developed to describe the sedimentation process. The trap efficiency of the pot varied between 15 to 35%, 36 to 73% and 74 to 95% for sediment size gradings 63-100, 100-150 and 150-300 micron respectively depending on the flow rate and the accumulated sediment bed height. A trap efficiency of greater than 95% was always observed for sediments of size greater than 300 micron. Erosion of a particulate sediment bed occurred only at the beginning of water flowing into the pot although the presence of non-particu- late materials in the bed sediment has shown a positive influence on erosion. 
A hypothesis has been developed to explain the mechanism of erosion. Investigation of blockage has led to the conclusion that blockage cannot occur without the existence of non-particulate materials and secondary sediment sources. The tracer study confirmed that the gully pot is nearly a complete-mix reactor.
Polarized alkali vapor with minute-long transverse spin-relaxation time
Creators: name: Balabas, Misha
name: Karaulanov, Todor
name: Ledbetter, Micah
name: Budker, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate lifetimes of atomic populations and coherences in excess of 60 seconds in alkali vapor cells with inner walls coated with an alkene material. This represents two orders of magnitude improvement over the best paraffin coatings. Such anti-relaxation properties will likely lead to substantial improvements in atomic clocks, magnetometers, quantum memory, and enable sensitive studies of collisional effects and precision measurements of fundamental symmetries.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
A Study on Modularity Density Maximization: Column Generation Acceleration and Computational Complexity Analysis
Creators: name: Sukeda, Issey
name: Miyauchi, Atsushi
name: Takeda, Akiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Community detection is a fundamental network-analysis primitive with a variety of applications in diverse domains. Although the modularity introduced by Newman and Girvan (2004) has widely been used as a quality function for community detection, it has some drawbacks. The modularity density introduced by Li et al. (2008) is known to be an effective alternative to the modularity, which mitigates one of the drawbacks called the resolution limit. A large body of work has been devoted to designing exact and heuristic methods for modularity density maximization, without any computational complexity analysis. In this study, we investigate modularity density maximization from both algorithmic and computational complexity aspects. Specifically, we first accelerate column generation for the modularity density maximization problem. To this end, we point out that the auxiliary problem appearing in column generation can be viewed as a dense subgraph discovery problem. Then we employ a well-known strategy for dense subgraph discovery, called the greedy peeling, for approximately solving the auxiliary problem. Moreover, we reformulate the auxiliary problem to a sequence of $0$--$1$ linear programming problems, enabling us to compute its optimal value more efficiently and to get more diverse columns. Computational experiments using a variety of real-world networks demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm. Finally, we show the NP-hardness of a slight variant of the modularity density maximization problem, where the output partition has to have two or more clusters, as well as showing the NP-hardness of the auxiliary problem.
Reassessing the origin of Triton
Creators: name: Nogueira, E.
name: Brasser, R.
name: Gomes, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Agnor & Hamilton (2006) demonstrated that the disruption of a binary was an effective mechanism to capture Triton. The subsequent evolution of Triton's post-capture orbit could have proceeded through gravitational tides. The study by Agnor & Hamilton (2006) is repeated in the framework of the Nice model to determine the post-capture orbit of Triton. After capture it is then subjected to tidal evolution. The perturbations from the Sun and the figure of Neptune are included. The perturbations from the Sun acting on Triton cause it to spend a long time in its high-eccentricity phase, usually of the order of 10 Myr, while the typical time to circularise to its current orbit is some 200 Myr. The current orbit of Triton is consistent with an origin through binary capture and tidal evolution, even though the model prefers Triton to be closer to Neptune than it is today. The probability of capturing Triton in this manner is approximately 0.7%. Since the capture of Triton was at most a 50% event -- since only Neptune has one, but Uranus does not -- we deduce that in the primordial trans-Neptunian disc there were 100 binaries with at least one Triton-sized member. Morbidelli et al. (2009) concludes there were some 1000 Triton-sized bodies in the trans-Neptunian proto-planetary disc, so the primordial binary fraction with at least one Triton-sized member is 10%. This value is consistent with theoretical predictions, but at the low end. If Triton was captured at the same time as Neptune's irregular satellites, the far majority of these, including Nereid, would be lost. This suggests either that Triton was captured on an orbit with a small semi-major axis a < 50 R_N (a rare event), or that it was captured before the dynamical instability of the Nice model, or that some other mechanism was at play. The issue of keeping the irregular satellites remains unresolved.
description: Accepted in Icarus 2011
Nonlinear transport of Bose-Einstein condensates through mesoscopic waveguides
Creators: name: Paul, Tobias
name: Hartung, Michael
name: Richter, Klaus
name: Schlagheck, Peter
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 03.75.Kk
subject: 03.75.Dg
subject: 42.65.Pc

description: We study the coherent flow of interacting Bose-condensed atoms in mesoscopic waveguide geometries. Analytical and numerical methods, based on the mean-field description of the condensate, are developed to study both stationary as well as time-dependent propagation processes. We apply these methods to the propagation of a condensate through an atomic quantum dot in a waveguide, discuss the nonlinear transmission spectrum and show that resonant transport is generally suppressed due to an interaction-induced bistability phenomenon. Finally, we establish a link between the nonlinear features of the transmission spectrum and the self-consistent quasi-bound states of the quantum dot.
Quantum Regularized Least Squares
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Shantanav
name: Morolia, Aditya
name: Peduri, Anurudh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Linear regression is a widely used technique to fit linear models and finds widespread applications across different areas such as machine learning and statistics. In most real-world scenarios, however, linear regression problems are often ill-posed or the underlying model suffers from overfitting, leading to erroneous or trivial solutions. This is often dealt with by adding extra constraints, known as regularization. In this paper, we use the frameworks of block-encoding and quantum singular value transformation (QSVT) to design the first quantum algorithms for quantum least squares with general $\ell_2$-regularization. These include regularized versions of quantum ordinary least squares, quantum weighted least squares, and quantum generalized least squares. Our quantum algorithms substantially improve upon prior results on quantum ridge regression (polynomial improvement in the condition number and an exponential improvement in accuracy), which is a particular case of our result. To this end, we assume approximate block-encodings of the underlying matrices as input and use robust QSVT algorithms for various linear algebra operations. In particular, we develop a variable-time quantum algorithm for matrix inversion using QSVT, where we use quantum eigenvalue discrimination as a subroutine instead of gapped phase estimation. This ensures that substantially fewer ancilla qubits are required for this procedure than prior results. Owing to the generality of the block-encoding framework, our algorithms are applicable to a variety of input models and can also be seen as improved and generalized versions of prior results on standard (non-regularized) quantum least squares algorithms.
description: 51 pages. Accepted in Quantum Journal
Resonant Electric Probe to Axionic Dark Matter
Creators: name: Duan, Junxi
name: Gao, Yu
name: Ji, Chang-Yin
name: Sun, Sichun
name: Yao, Yugui
name: Zhang, Yun-Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The oscillating light axion field is known as wave dark matter. We propose an LC-resonance enhanced detection of the narrow band electric signals induced by the axion dark matter using a solenoid magnet facility. We provide full 3D electromagnetic simulation results for the signal electric field. The electric signal is enhanced by the high $Q$-factor of a resonant LC circuit and then amplified and detected by the state-of-the-art cryogenic electrical transport measurement technique. The cryogenic amplifier noise is the dominant noise source in the proposed detection system. We estimate that the detection system can have a promising sensitivity to axion dark matter with mass below $10^{-6}$ eV. The projected sensitivities improve with the size of the magnetic field, and the electric signal measurement can be potentially sensitive to the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) axion with $g_{aγ} \sim 10^{-16}$ GeV$^{-1}$ around $m_a \sim 10^{-8}$eV, with a multi-meter scale magnetized region. This limit is around five orders of magnitude below the current constraint from the cosmic rays.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures. V2 added more comments on the key innovation points and signal discussion. V3 published version typo corrected
Commissioning of the CMS zero degree calorimeter using LHC beam
Creators: name: Grachov, O.
name: Murray, M.
name: Wood, J.
name: Onel, Y.
name: Sen, S.
name: Yetkin, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reports on the commissioning and first running experience of the CMS Zero Degree Calorimeters during December 2009. All channels worked correctly. The ZDCs were timed into the data acquisition system using beam splash events. These data also allowed us to make a first estimate of channel-by-channel variations in gain.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures, Presented at CALOR2010: 14th International Conference for Calorimetry in High Energy Physics
Gas Developments in the Eastern Mediterranean: Trigger or Obstacle for EU-Turkey Cooperation?
Creators: name: Tsakiris, Theodorus
name: Ulgen, Sinan
name: Han, Ahmet K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: European Union; Turkey; EU-Turkey Relations; Gas; Eastern Mediterranean; EU-Turkey Cooperation; Energy Resources; Cyprus-Egypt-Israel; Energy Dynamics; Intra-Regional Order; Geopolitics; Inter-State Coordination

description: FEUTURE Online Paper No. 22

This paper positions energy as a critical component of international relations as it has been both a driving force for cooperation between nations as well as a source of conflict and war. It provides an overview of energy resources and trends in the Eastern Mediterranean, debating the influence of the tensions on the exploitation of gas, the role of EU and Turkey and the possibilities for regional cooperation. The paper finds that the quantity of Eastern Mediterranean offshore gas, the evolution of natural gas prices, Turkey-Israel political relationship, Turkey-Egypt bilateral ties, Cyprus-Egypt-Israel cooperation and the growth performance of the Turkish economy are main energy drivers that will steer EU-Turkey relations either towards conflict, converge or cooperation. The question of whether energy resources and trends will create an inter-regional dynamic favoring peace and cooperation or prove as destabilizing factors is essential to understand the emerging regional political environment. At the same time, the assessment of how energy dynamics affects the intra-regional order needs to take into consideration the current state of affairs marked by ongoing geopolitical disputes, including the Cyprus issue, and distressed bilateral relations, as is the case between Turkey and Israel and Turkey and Greece. The authors argue that better inter-state coordination will decrease the costs in exploration and exploitation activities, which none of the region’s countries can bear alone.
description: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 692976. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Extracting current-induced spins: spin boundary conditions at narrow Hall contacts
Creators: name: Adagideli, İnanç
name: Scheid, Matthias
name: Wimmer, Michael
name: Bauer, G. E. W.
name: Richter, Klaus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We consider the possibility to extract spins that are generated by an electric current in a two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction (R2DEG) in the Hall geometry. To this end, we discuss boundary conditions for the spin accumulations between a spin-orbit coupled region and contact without spin-orbit coupling, i.e. a normal two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). We demonstrate that in contrast to contacts that extend along the whole sample, a spin accumulation can diffuse into the normal region through finite contacts and detected by e.g. ferromagnets. For an impedance-matched narrow contact the spin accumulation in the 2DEG is equal to the current induced spin accumulation in the bulk of R2DEG up to a geometry-dependent numerical factor.
New Young Star Candidates in CG4 and Sa101
Creators: name: Rebull, L. M.
name: Johnson, C. H.
name: Hoette, V.
name: Kim, J. S.
name: Laine, S.
name: Foster, M.
name: Laher, R.
name: Legassie, M.
name: Mallory, C. R.
name: McCarron, K.
name: Sherry, W. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CG4 and Sa101 regions together cover a region of ~0.5 square degree in the vicinity of a "cometary globule" that is part of the Gum Nebula. There are seven previously identified young stars in this region; we have searched for new young stars using mid- and far-infrared data (3.6 to 70 microns) from the Spitzer Space Telescope, combined with ground-based optical data and near-infrared data from the Two-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS). We find infrared excesses in all 6 of the previously identified young stars in our maps, and we identify 16 more candidate young stars based on apparent infrared excesses. Most (73%) of the new young stars are Class II objects. There is a tighter grouping of young stars and young star candidates in the Sa101 region, in contrast to the CG4 region, where there are fewer young stars and young star candidates, and they are more dispersed. Few likely young objects are found in the "fingers" of the dust being disturbed by the ionization front from the heart of the Gum Nebula.
description: Accepted for publication in AJ
Application of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) for water disinfection by multiple wavelengths and pulsed irradiation
Creators: name: Song, Kai
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2020

description: Safe drinking water is essential to humans, thus natural raw water requires necessary treatment, especially removing pathogenic microorganisms for disinfection. In addition to conventional chemical disinfectant, ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been increasingly used for water disinfection. Recently a new UV source - UV light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) - has emerged with many special features, which is believed to be a promising alternative to conventional UV lamps for water disinfection. This research focused on two special features of UV-LEDs, multiple wavelengths and pulsed irradiation, to explore the effect and potential on water disinfection. UV-LEDs in different UV wavelength ranges were combined in various manners to investigate the effect of multiple wavelengths on microorganisms inactivation in water. The results showed the effect of UV-LEDs multiple wavelengths depends on the wavelength combinations among UVA (315 – 400 nm), UVB (280 – 315 nm) and UVC (200 – 280 nm), the manner to apply different wavelengths (e.g. simultaneous, sequential), as well as different types of microorganisms (e.g. bacteria, virus). Combinations of UVC/UVB always achieved additive effect on microorganisms inactivation due to the same photochemical reactivation induced by UVC/UVB on DNA that follows the Second Law of Photochemistry. However, combining UVA with UVC/UVB simultaneously or applying UVA after UVC/UVB reduced the inactivation of bacterium E. coli due to DNA repair and photoreactivation effect of UVA. A special wavelength combination was developed by applying UVA as pretreatment followed by UVC inactivation, which achieved dramatic inactivation improvement and significant reactivation reduction on E. coli. The effects and mechanisms of this special combination were thoroughly investigated and revealed in this research. The effect of UV-LEDs pulsed irradiation was examined by applying pulsed irradiation with various pulsed patterns (frequency and duty rate) on different microorganisms in pure water and wastewater. Comparable inactivation were obtained by UV-LEDs continuous irradiation and various pulsed irradiation on all the four microorganisms examined, which clarified the role of pulsation on UV disinfection. The findings in this research promote a better understanding on UV disinfection and are of considerable significance to take full advantage of UV-LEDs for water disinfection.
Gyroscopic pumping of large-scale flows in stellar interiors, and application to Lithium Dip stars
Creators: name: Garaud, Pascale
name: Bodenheimer, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The maintenance of large-scale differential rotation in stellar convective regions by rotationally influenced convective stresses also drives large-scale meridional flows by angular--momentum conservation. This process is an example of ``gyroscopic pumping'', and has recently been studied in detail in the solar context. An important question concerns the extent to which these gyroscopically pumped meridional flows penetrate into nearby stably stratified (radiative) regions, since they could potentially be an important source of non-local mixing. Here we present an extensive study of the gyroscopic pumping mechanism, using a combination of analytical calculations and numerical simulations both in Cartesian geometry and in spherical geometry. The various methods, when compared with one another, provide physical insight into the process itself, as well as increasingly sophisticated means of estimating the gyroscopic pumping rate. As an example of application, we investigate the effects of this large-scale mixing process on the surface abundances of the light elements Li and Be for stars in the mass range 1.3-1.5 solar masses (so-called ``Li-dip stars''). We find that gyroscopic pumping is a very efficient mechanism for circulating material between the surface and the deep interior, so much in fact that it over-estimates Li and Be depletion by orders of magnitude for stars on the hot side of the dip.However, when the diffusion of chemical species back into the surface convection zone is taken into account, a good fit with observed surface abundances of Li and Be as a function of stellar mass in the Hyades cluster can be found for reasonable choices of model parameters.
description: Submitted to ApJ
Precision measurement of the microwave dielectric loss of sapphire in the quantum regime with parts-per-billion sensitivity
Creators: name: Read, Alexander P.
name: Chapman, Benjamin J.
name: Lei, Chan U
name: Curtis, Jacob C.
name: Ganjam, Suhas
name: Krayzman, Lev
name: Frunzio, Luigi
name: Schoelkopf, Robert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dielectric loss is known to limit state-of-the-art superconducting qubit lifetimes. Recent experiments imply upper bounds on bulk dielectric loss tangents on the order of $100$ parts-per-billion, but because these inferences are drawn from fully fabricated devices with many loss channels, they do not definitively implicate or exonerate the dielectric. To resolve this ambiguity, we have devised a measurement method capable of separating and resolving bulk dielectric loss with a sensitivity at the level of $5$ parts per billion. The method, which we call the dielectric dipper, involves the in-situ insertion of a dielectric sample into a high-quality microwave cavity mode. Smoothly varying the sample's participation in the cavity mode enables a differential measurement of the sample's dielectric loss tangent. The dielectric dipper can probe the low-power behavior of dielectrics at cryogenic temperatures, and does so without the need for any lithographic process, enabling controlled comparisons of substrate materials and processing techniques. We demonstrate the method with measurements of EFG sapphire, from which we infer a bulk loss tangent of $62(7) \times 10^{-9}$ and a substrate-air interface loss tangent of $12(2) \times 10^{-4}$. For a typical transmon, this bulk loss tangent would limit device quality factors to less than $20$ million, suggesting that bulk loss is likely the dominant loss mechanism in the longest-lived transmons on sapphire. We also demonstrate this method on HEMEX sapphire and bound its bulk loss tangent to be less than $15(5) \times 10^{-9}$. As this bound is about 3 times smaller than the bulk loss tangent of EFG sapphire, use of HEMEX sapphire as a substrate would lift the bulk dielectric coherence limit of a typical transmon qubit to several milliseconds.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, and 13 page appendix. Submitted revision synchronizes content with associated journal article, including the addition of figure 7 (methods of cavity measurement) and Appendix H (bounding magnetic bulk loss)
Soft and Hard X-Ray Emissions from the Anomalous X-ray Pulsar 4U 0142+61 Observed with Suzaku
Creators: name: Enoto, Teruaki
name: Makishima, Kazuo
name: Nakazawa, Kazuhiro
name: Kokubun, Motohide
name: Kawaharada, Madoka
name: Kotoku, Jun'ichi
name: Shibazaki, Noriaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anomalous X-ray pulsar 4U 0142+61 was observed with Suzaku on 2007 August 15 for a net exposure of -100 ks, and was detected in a 0.4 to ~70 keV energy band. The intrinsic pulse period was determined as 8.68878 \pm 0.00005 s, in agreement with an extrapolation from previous measurements. The broadband Suzaku spectra enabled a first simultaneous and accurate measurement of the soft and hard components of this object by a single satellite. The former can be reproduced by two blackbodies, or slightly better by a resonant cyclotron scattering model. The hard component can be approximated by a power-law of photon index Γh ~0.9 when the soft component is represented by the resonant cyclotron scattering model, and its high-energy cutoff is constrained as >180 keV. Assuming an isotropic emission at a distance of 3.6 kpc, the unabsorbed 1-10 keV and 10-70 keV luminosities of the soft and hard components are calculated as 2.8e+35 erg s^{-1} and 6.8e+34 erg s^{-1}, respectively. Their sum becomes ~10^3 times as large as the estimated spin-down luminosity. On a time scale of 30 ks, the hard component exhibited evidence of variations either in its normalization or pulse shape.
description: 24 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
Virtual screening, molecular dynamics and structure–activity relationship studies to identify potent approved drugs for Covid-19 treatment
Creators: name: Rahman, Md. Mahbubur
name: Saha, Titon
name: Islam, Kazi Jahidul
name: Suman, Rasel Hosen
name: Biswas, Sourav
name: Rahat, Emon Uddin
name: Hossen, Md. Rubel
name: Islam, Rajib
name: Hossain, Md Nayeem
name: Mamun, Abdulla Al
name: Khan, Maksud
name: Ali, Md Ackas
name: Halim, Mohammad A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Computer-aided drug screening by molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) and structural–activity relationship (SAR) can offer an efficient approach to identify promising drug repurposing candidates for COVID-19 treatment. In this study, computational screening is performed by molecular docking of 1615 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs against the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2. Several promising approved drugs, including Simeprevir, Ergotamine, Bromocriptine and Tadalafil, stand out as the best candidates based on their binding energy, fitting score and noncovalent interactions at the binding sites of the receptor. All selected drugs interact with the key active site residues, including His41 and Cys145. Various noncovalent interactions including hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, pi–sulfur and pi–pi interactions appear to be dominant in drug–Mpro complexes. MD simulations are applied for the most promising drugs. Structural stability and compactness are observed for the drug–Mpro complexes. The protein shows low flexibility in both apo and holo form during MD simulations. The MM/PBSA binding free energies are also measured for the selected drugs. For pattern recognition, structural similarity and binding energy prediction, multiple linear regression (MLR) models are used for the quantitative structural–activity relationship. The binding energy predicted by MLR model shows an 82% accuracy with the binding energy determined by molecular docking. Our details results can facilitate rational drug design targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Exact sum rules for spectral zeta functions of homogeneous 1D quantum oscillators, revisited
Creators: name: Voros, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81Q10, 34L05, 34M60, 47B93

description: We survey sum rules for spectral zeta functions of homogeneous 1D Schrödinger operators, that mainly result from the exact WKB method.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure, 4 tables. In honour of Prof. M.V. BERRY's 80-th birthday. V2: new eqs.(32), (33), (35) added. V3: added text in Secs.1.2 and 3.3, new eq.(30), numerical Appendix
Searching for chameleon-like scalar fields with the ammonia method. II. Mapping of cold molecular cores in NH3 and HC3N lines
Creators: name: Levshakov, S. A.
name: Lapinov, A. V.
name: Henkel, C.
name: Molaro, P.
name: Reimers, D.
name: Kozlov, M. G.
name: Agafonova, I. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) In our previous work we found a statistically significant offset Delta V = 27 m/s between the radial velocities of the HC3N(2-1) and NH3(1,1) transitions observed in molecular cores from the Milky Way. This may indicate that the electron-to-proton mass ratio, mu = m_e/m_p, increases by 3x10^{-8} when measured under interstellar conditions with matter densities of more than 10 orders of magnitude lower as compared with laboratory (terrestrial) environments. We now map four molecular cores L1498, L1512, L1517, and L1400K selected from our previous sample in order to estimate systematic effects in Delta V due to possible velocity gradients. We find that in two cores L1498 and L1512 the NH3(1,1) and HC3N(2-1) transitions closely trace the same material and show an offset of Delta V = 26.9 +/- 1.2_stat +/- 3.0_sys m/s throughout the entire clouds. The measured velocity offset, being expressed in terms of Delta mu = (mu_obs - mu_lab)/mu_lab, gives Delta mu = (26 +/- 1_stat +/- 3_sys)x10^{-9}.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
title: Jean Rhys, Europe and the West Indies : A literary study
Creators: name: Gregg, V. M
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: The study seeks to establish the literary connections between Jean Rhys and the aesthetic and ideological traditions of Europe; and how she interpreted and used these to render a West Indian point of view. She started her career in Paris in the nineteen twenties, the time and place of the flowering of the major artistic and creative enterprises of the early twentieth century Europe. She was-i tutored by Ford Madox Ford, one of the figures who helped to formulate some of the aesthetic theories of Modernism. Her immersion in the aesthetics, techniques, principles and formulae did not cause her to dilute or to discard her West Indian heritage, but sharpened her perceptions of the limitations for her own point of view, contained in the ideological underpinnings of the art forms. A demonstration of aspects of her writing unravels her connections to the aesthetics of Europe, her compromises with the dominant ideology, her own ideological standpoint, and finally her own voice. In terms of West Indian writing her work reveals affinities with other writers of her colour and class; as well as important differences resulting from her experience of Europe. She represents an important voice in the literary output of the Caribbean, and her place is marked by a sensibility and a vision which is at one and the same time that of the insider and the outsider. In seeking to render her own true voice she ransacks and sifts through the literary styles and traditions of Europe; analyses the tangled connections between the metropolis and the colony - the contradictions and the denials - to clarify for herself the true essence of things. Contemporary West Indian women writers in particular acknowledge a debt to the complex spirit which did not seek to simplify or to exclude hidden and unwritten aspects of her reality.
An $hp$-adaptive multi-element stochastic collocation method for surrogate modeling with information re-use
Creators: name: Galetzka, Armin
name: Loukrezis, Dimitrios
name: Georg, Niklas
name: De Gersem, Herbert
name: Römer, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces an $hp$-adaptive multi-element stochastic collocation method, which additionally allows to re-use existing model evaluations during either $h$- or $p$-refinement. The collocation method is based on weighted Leja nodes. After $h$-refinement, local interpolations are stabilized by adding and sorting Leja nodes on each newly created sub-element in a hierarchical manner. For $p$-refinement, the local polynomial approximations are based on total-degree or dimension-adaptive bases. The method is applied in the context of forward and inverse uncertainty quantification to handle non-smooth or strongly localised response surfaces. The performance of the proposed method is assessed in several test cases, also in comparison to competing methods.
description: 31 pages, 13 figures
General quasi-non-spreading linear three-dimensional wave-packets
Creators: name: Borovkova, Olga V.
name: Kartashov, Yaroslav V.
name: Lobanov, Valery E.
name: Vysloukh, Victor A.
name: Torner, Lluis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a general approach for generation of sets of three-dimensional quasi-non-spreading wavepackets propagating in linear media, also referred to as linear light bullets. The spectrum of rigorously non-spreading wavepackets in media with anomalous group velocity dispersion is localized on the surface of a sphere, thus drastically restricting the possible wavepacket shapes. However, broadening slightly the spectrum affords the generation of a large variety of quasi-non-spreading distributions featuring complex topologies and shapes in space and time that are of interest in different areas, such as biophysics or nanosurgery. Here we discuss the method and show several illustrative examples of its potential.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Optics Letters
Einfluss der Leitungselektronen auf die Dynamik atomarer Tunnelsysteme in ungeordneten Festkörpern: Relaxationsprozesse in metallischen Gläsern und ungeordneten dünnen Aluminiumoxid-Schichten
Creators: name: Seiler, Arnold
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2019
Subjects: Amorphe Festkörper
Atomare Tunnelsysteme
metallisches Glas
Ultraschall-Dämpfung
amorhpous solids
atomic tunneling systems
metallic glas
ultrasonic attenuation

description: Die Schallgeschwindigkeit in metallischen Gläsern und die Permittivität von dielektrischen Aluminiumoxid-Schichten zeigen ein für amorphe Festkörper typisches Tieftemperaturverhalten. Akustische Messungen von wenigen kHz bis GHz zeigen den Einfluss der Leitungselektronen in einem massiven metallischen Glas. Messungen der Permittivität bei einigen kHz zeigen überaschenderweise ebenfalls einen Einfluss der Elektronen auf die Eigenschaften einer isolierenden Schicht.