cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optimal martingale transport between radially symmetric marginals in general dimensions
Creators: name: Lim, Tongseok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 60G42, 60G40

description: We determine the optimal structure of couplings for the \emph{Martingale transport problem} between radially symmetric initial and terminal laws $μ, ν$ on $\R^d$ and show the uniqueness of optimizer. Here optimality means that such solutions will minimize the functional $\E |X-Y|^p$ where $0
description: Some clarifications were made in the proofs
MPEC 2023-U127 : 2023 UL2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 UL2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
CP Violation In Baryon Decays At LHCb
Creators: name: Dai, Xinchen
name: Saur, Miroslav
name: Shang, Yiduo
name: Yang, Xueting
name: Zhang, Yanxi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observation in astronomy suggests that our Universe contains an abundance of matter over antimatter, which can only be explained if the combined CP symmetry is violated. Studies of CP violation have driven the flavor physics with the aim of testing the Standard Model of particle physics and searching for physics beyond. CP violation is discovered in strange, beauty and charm meson systems, however no conclusive sign of CP violation in baryon decays has been observed yet. This review summarizes CP violation studies performed by the LHCb experiment in charmless decays and rare decays of beauty baryons and singly Cabibbo suppressed decays of charm baryons. A brief prospects for future LHCb measurements are also discussed.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, Review for the MPDI special issue "Symmetry/Asymmetry in Baryon decays: Polarization, Hyperon Asymmetry Parameters and CP Violation"
The Legacy of Rolf Hagedorn: Statistical Bootstrap and Ultimate Temperature
Creators: name: Redlich, Krzysztof
name: Satz, Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the latter half of the last century, it became evident that there exists an ever increasing number of different states of the so-called elementary particles. The usual reductionist approach to this problem was to search for a simpler infrastructure, culminating in the formulation of the quark model and quantum chromodynamics. In a complementary, completely novel approach, Hagedorn suggested that the mass distribution of the produced particles follows a self-similar composition pattern, predicting an unbounded number of states of increasing mass. He then concluded that such a growth would lead to a limiting temperature for strongly interacting matter. We discuss the conceptual basis for this approach, its relation to critical behavior, and its subsequent applications in different areas of high energy physics.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures; to appear in R. Hagedorn and J. Rafelski (Ed.), "Melting Hadrons, Boiling Quarks", Springer Verlag 2015
Parent and child perceptions of physical activity with type 1 diabetes
Creators: name: Giblin, Susan
name: Scully, Paul
name: Dalton, Niall
name: Connolly, Muiriosa
name: McCaffrey, Alison
name: Sheikhi, Ali
name: Neylon, Orla
name: O'GORMAN, CLODAGH
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Introduction Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a lifelong illness that affects over 2500 children in Ireland. Management involves complex daily regimens including frequent blood glucose monitoring, pharmacotherapy, dietary management, and physical activity (PA). PA is an important modifiable lifestyle factor. Unfortunately, children with T1D remain physically inactive. Children with T1D face disease-specific barriers and facilitators to PA engagement. All aspects of T1D management for children are supported or supervised by parents. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine parents’ and children’s perceptions of barriers and facilitators to PA engagement. Research design and methods 43 parent and child dyads participated. Parents completed a self-report survey. Children completed a modified version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) that explored habitual PA patterns, perceived facilitators and barriers to PA engagement. Results 21 females, 22 males and their parents (36 mothers, 7 fathers) participated. 69% of males and 90% of females reported that having diabetes did affect their PA participation. 54% of males and 48% of females were insufficiently active based on their total PAQ-C score (<2.9 and <2.7). 53% of parents reported that their children participated in school physical education. 21% of parents reported that their child did not participate in PA outside of the school setting. 23% of parents reported that they did not feel comfortable with their child participating in strenuous PA. A further 30% of parents reported that they only felt comfortable with their child participating in strenuous PA if supervised. 66% of parents reported their child should be more physically active. 83% of parents reported that having T1D did impact their child’s PA level. Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential influence of parents’ perceptions on PA engagement in children with T1D. Additional education is needed to support the promotion of PA for children with T1D.
Out-of-equilibrium many-body quantum systems with respect to adiabatic quantum computing through the lens of the Pechukas–Yukawa framework
Creators: name: Mumu Qureshi
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the theoretical description of adiabatic quantum computing (AQC) algorithms using the evolution of the Hamiltonian eigenvalues in the framework of the Pechukas–Yukawa formalism, exactly mapping the eigenvalues to the dynamics of a fictitious one-dimensional classical gas with cubic repulsion. We exploit the properties of the Pechukas-Yukawa model to describe the behaviour of quantum algorithms used in AQC. Specifically, we derive the non-equilibrium nonstationary statistical mechanics of the Pechukas–Yukawa gas based on the Bogoliubov–Born–Green–Kirkwood–Yvon (BBGKY) chain of equations with the goal of increasing the efficiency of direct numerical simulation. We extended our research to consider the impacts of level crossings and avoided crossings to evaluate the compatibility of the Pechukas–Yukawa formalism and the Landau–Zener description of these occurrences. This is valuable to the investigation of decoherence in a quantum system and carries scope for research on the description of state dynamics through the energy level dynamics. We relate the evolution of a quantum state of a system under external perturbation to that of its energy levels. Using this relationship, we produced a cumulant expansion with improved efficiency compared to traditional methods of approximate quantum state evolution description. It is especially significant for the investigation of decoherence in an evolving quantum system.
Phosphatidylinositol synthase is required for lens structural integrity and photoreceptor cell survival in the zebrafish eye
Creators: name: Hyde, David R.
name: Murphy, Taylor R.
name: Ile, Kristina E.
name: Willer, Gregory B.
name: Bankaitis, Vytas A.
name: Gregg, Ronald G.
name: Watson, Corey T.
name: Vihtelic, Thomas S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The zebrafish lens opaque (lop) mutant was previously isolated in a genetic screen and shown to lack rod and cone photoreceptors and exhibit lens opacity, or cataract, at 7 days post-fertilization (dpf). In this manuscript, we provide four different lines of evidence demonstrating that the lop phenotype results from a defect in the cdipt (phosphatidylinositol (PI) synthase; CDP-diacylglycerol--inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase) gene. First, DNA sequence analysis revealed that the lop mutant contained a missense mutation in the lop open reading frame, which yields a nonconservative amino acid substitution (Ser-111-Cys) within the PI synthase catalytic domain. Second, morpholino-mediated knockdown of the cdipt-encoded PI synthase protein phenocopied the cdiptlop/lop mutant, with abnormal lens epithelial and secondary fiber cell morphologies and reduced numbers of photoreceptors. Third, microinjection of in vitro transcribed, wild-type cdipt mRNA into 1-4 cell stage cdiptlop/lop embryos significantly reduced the percentage of larvae displaying lens opacity at 7 dpf. Fourth, a cdipt retroviral-insertion allele, cdipthi559, exhibited similar lens and retinal abnormalities and failed to complement the cdiptlop mutant phenotype.
The anisotropic λ-deformed SU(2) model is integrable
Creators: name: Sfetsos, Konstantinos
name: Siampos, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The all-loop anisotropic Thirring model interpolates between the WZW model and the non-Abelian T-dual of the anisotropic principal chiral model. We focus on the SU(2) case and we prove that it is classically integrable by providing its Lax pair formulation. We derive its underlying symmetry current algebra and use it to show that the Poisson brackets of the spatial part of the Lax pair, assume the Maillet form. In this way we procure the corresponding r and s matrices which provide non-trivial solutions to the modified Yang-Baxter equation.
description: 1+17 pages, Latex, v2: few minor changes, PLB version, v3: Correcting an erroneous mistake on the diagonalizability of the coupling matrix, v4: We corrected the multiplicative factor in 2.16
title: Sustainability Analysis of Blockchain Technology: Bitcoin Energy Usage Case Study
Creators: name: Pieringer, Maximilian
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Bitcoin
subject: Energy consumption
subject: Renewable energy sources
subject: Comparison
subject: Integrative policy

description: The aim of this work was to gain insight and knowledge with the basic concepts of the Bitcoinnetwork and its relation to energy consumption. Precisely, the ambition of this literature-based research was to identify key determinants of the network ́s energy intensiveness. After an extensive review of the relevant literature on the topic, key principles of Bitcoin ́s electricity consumption were derived.With regards to environmental sustainability concerns, it was found that the network ́sproperties, in theory, allow for improvements of the unit economics of renewable energy production facilities and renewable intensive energy grids. Such applications, however, are dependent on the unforecastable market dynamics of the Bitcoin price.In a contextualization approach it was attempted to categorize the electricity consumption levels of the Bitcoin network based on the services offered with similar but not comparable entities.This approach finds that energy consumption does not provide a conclusive and instructive comparative parameter to determine whether energy consumption levels of the Bitcoin network.The paper concludes with advocating for location dependent policy approaches that encourage the strategic deployment of Bitcoin mining hardware to minimize environmental and economic opportunity cost.
Electron tomography of fiber cell cytoplasm and dense cores of multilamellar bodies from human age-related nuclear cataracts
Creators: name: Metlapally, Sangeetha
name: Burette, Alain
name: Gilliland, Kurt O.
name: Johnsen, Sönke
name: Weber, Mariko
name: Mohamed, Ashik
name: Costello, M. Joseph
name: Fowler, W. Craig
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Human nuclear cataract formation is a multi-factorial disease with contributions to light scattering from many cellular sources that change their scattering properties over decades. The aging process produces aggregation of cytoplasmic crystallin proteins, which alters the protein packing and texture of the cytoplasm. Previous studies of the cytoplasmic texture quantified increases in density fluctuations in protein packing and theoretically predicted the corresponding scattering. Multilamellar bodies (MLBs) are large particles with a core of crystallin cytoplasm that have been suggested to be major sources of scattering in human nuclei. The core has been shown to condense over time such that the refractive index increases compared to the adjacent aged and textured cytoplasm. Electron tomography is used here to visualize the 3D arrangement of protein aggregates in aged and cataractous lens nuclear cytoplasm compared to the dense protein packing in the cores of MLBs. Thin sections, 70 nm thick, were prepared from epoxy-embedded human transparent donor lenses and nuclear cataracts. Tilt series were collected on an FEI T20 transmission electron microscope (TEM) operated at 200 kV using 15 nm gold particles as fiducial markers. Images were aligned and corrected with FEI software and reconstructed with IMOD and other software packages to produce animated tilt series and stereo anaglyphs. The 3D views of protein density showed the relatively uniform packing of proteins in aged transparent lens nuclear cytoplasm and less dense packing of aged cataractous cytoplasm where many low-density regions can be appreciated in the absence of the TEM projection artifacts. In contrast the cores of the MLBs showed a dense packing of protein with minimal density fluctuations. These observations support the conclusion that, during the nuclear cataract formation, alterations in protein packing are extensive and can result in pronounced density fluctuations. Aging causes the MLB cores to become increasingly different in their protein packing from the adjacent cytoplasm. These results support the hypothesis that the MLBs increase their scattering with age and nuclear cataract formation.
Bärendienst: Die Parteien scheitern an einer gesetzlichen Neuregelung des § 218
Creators: name: Nientiedt, Klaus
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 48 Nr. 10 (1994): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 48, Heft 10
MPEC 2023-U128 : 2023 UM2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 UM2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Peculiar velocity measurement in a clumpy universe
Creators: name: Habibi, Farhang
name: Baghram, Shant
name: Tavasoli, Saeed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we address the issue of peculiar velocity measurement in a perturbed Friedmann universe using the deviations from measured luminosity distances of standard candles from background FRW universe. We want to show and quantify the statement that in intermediate redshifts ($0.5< z < 2$), deviations from the background FRW model are not uniquely governed by peculiar velocities. Luminosity distances are modified by gravitational lensing. We also want to indicate the importance of relativistic calculations for peculiar velocity measurement at all redshifts. For this task we discuss the relativistic correction on luminosity distance and redshift measurement and show the contribution of each of the corrections as lensing term, peculiar velocity of the source and Sachs-Wolfe effect. Then we use the SNe Ia sample of Union 2, to investigate the relativistic effects we consider. We show that, using the conventional peculiar velocity method, that ignores the lensing effect, will result in an overestimate of the measured peculiar velocities at intermediate redshifts. Here we quantify this effect. We show that at low redshifts the lensing effect is negligible compare to the effect of peculiar velocity. From the observational point of view, we show that the uncertainties on luminosity of the present SNe Ia data prevent us from precise measuring the peculiar velocities even at low redshifts ($z<0.2$).
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 27, 1850019 (2018)
On the Theories Behind Hard Negative Sampling for Recommendation
Creators: name: Shi, Wentao
name: Chen, Jiawei
name: Feng, Fuli
name: Zhang, Jizhi
name: Wu, Junkang
name: Gao, Chongming
name: He, Xiangnan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Negative sampling has been heavily used to train recommender models on large-scale data, wherein sampling hard examples usually not only accelerates the convergence but also improves the model accuracy. Nevertheless, the reasons for the effectiveness of Hard Negative Sampling (HNS) have not been revealed yet. In this work, we fill the research gap by conducting thorough theoretical analyses on HNS. Firstly, we prove that employing HNS on the Bayesian Personalized Ranking (BPR) learner is equivalent to optimizing One-way Partial AUC (OPAUC). Concretely, the BPR equipped with Dynamic Negative Sampling (DNS) is an exact estimator, while with softmax-based sampling is a soft estimator. Secondly, we prove that OPAUC has a stronger connection with Top-K evaluation metrics than AUC and verify it with simulation experiments. These analyses establish the theoretical foundation of HNS in optimizing Top-K recommendation performance for the first time. On these bases, we offer two insightful guidelines for effective usage of HNS: 1) the sampling hardness should be controllable, e.g., via pre-defined hyper-parameters, to adapt to different Top-K metrics and datasets; 2) the smaller the $K$ we emphasize in Top-K evaluation metrics, the harder the negative samples we should draw. Extensive experiments on three real-world benchmarks verify the two guidelines.
description: Accepted by WWW'2023; Code is available at https://github.com/swt-user/WWW_2023_code
Magnetic Monopoles with No Strings Attached: A Portal to the Dark Side of Dual Electrodynamics
Creators: name: Govaerts, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has long been known that in the absence of electric charges and currents, Maxwell's electromagnetism in 4 dimensional vacuum Minkowski space-time is invariant under SO(2) dual transformations that mix its electric and magnetic fields. Extending this symmetry to include the coupling to electrically charged matter, requires a dual coupling to magnetically charged matter as well, leading to Maxwell equations for SO(2) dual electrodynamics. Based on a doubled ensemble of SO(2) dual 4-vector gauge potentials which does away with the need of Dirac string singularities for magnetic monopoles, a local Lagrangian action principle for SO(2) dual electromagnetism is known, which manifestly displays all the required space-time and internal symmetries, and reduces to the experimentally well established Maxwell electrodynamics in the absence of magnetic charges and currents. Applying the same considerations for the matter action of electrically and magnetically charged point particles, a unique SO(2) dual generalised Lorentz force is identified for SO(2) dual electrodynamics, truly different from the usual SO(2) dual invariant choice motivated by simplicity, but yet made arbitrarily and which does not derive from some action principle. This generalised Lorentz force involves a single real and new coupling constant of unknown value, without the requirement of a Dirac-Schwinger-Zwanziger quantisation condition for electric and magnetic charges of dyons. A physical consequence for SO(2) dual electrodynamics of this coupling constant if nonvanishing, is to open a channel, or portal between the otherwise mutually totally ``dark'' sectors of electric and magnetic charges for electromagnetic interactions.
description: 1+25 pages, to be published in the European Physical Journal C
Ultrastructural analysis of the human lens fiber cell remodeling zone and the initiation of cellular compaction
Creators: name: Mohamed, Ashik
name: Johnsen, Sönke
name: Costello, M. Joseph
name: Gilliland, Kurt O.
name: Fowler, W. Craig
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The purpose is to determine the nature of the cellular rearrangements occurring through the remodeling zone (RZ) in human donor lenses, identified previously by confocal microscopy to be about 100 µm from the capsule. Human donor lenses were fixed with 10% formalin followed by 4% paraformaldehyde prior to processing for transmission electron microscopy. Of 27 fixed lenses, ages 22, 55 and 92 years were examined in detail. Overview electron micrographs confirmed the loss of cellular organization present in the outer cortex (80 µm thick) as the cells transitioned into the RZ. The transition occurred within a few cell layers and fiber cells in the RZ completely lost their classical hexagonal cross-sectional appearance. Cell interfaces became unusually interdigitated and irregular even though the radial cell columns were retained. Gap junctions appeared to be unaffected. After the RZ (40 µm thick), the cells were still irregular but more recognizable as fiber cells with typical interdigitations and the appearance of undulating membranes. Cell thickness was irregular after the RZ with some cells compacted, while others were not, up to the zone of full compaction in the adult nucleus. Similar dramatic cellular changes were observed within the RZ for each lens regardless of age. Because the cytoskeleton controls cell shape, dramatic cellular rearrangements that occur in the RZ most likely are due to alterations in the associations of crystallins to the lens-specific cytoskeletal beaded intermediate filaments. It is also likely that cytoskeletal attachments to membranes are altered to allow undulating membranes to develop.
Comment on Pisarenko et al. "Characterization of the Tail of the Distribution of Earthquake Magnitudes by Combining the GEV and GPD Descriptions of Extreme Value Theory"
Creators: name: Raschke, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 62Pxx, 62Fxx

description: In this short note, I comment on the research of Pisarenko et al. (2014) regarding the extreme value theory and statistics in case of earthquake magnitudes. The link between the generalized extreme value distribution (GEVD) as an asymptotic model for the block maxima of a random variable and the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) as a model for the peak over thresholds (POT) of the same random variable is presented more clearly. Pisarenko et al. (2014) have inappropriately neglected that the approximations by GEVD and GPD work only asymptotically in most cases. This applies particularly for the truncated exponential distribution (TED), being a popular distribution model for earthquake magnitudes. I explain why the classical models and methods of the extreme value theory and statistics do not work well for truncated exponential distributions. As a consequence, the classical methods should be used for the estimation of the upper bound magnitude and corresponding parameters. Furthermore, different issues of statistical inference of Pisarenko et al. (2014) are commented on and alternatives are proposed. Arguments are presented why GPD and GEVD would work for different types of stochastic earthquake processes in time, and not only for the homogeneous (stationery) Poisson process as assumed by Pisarenko et al. (2014). The crucial point of earthquake magnitudes is the poor convergence of their tail distribution to the GPD, and not the earthquake process in time.
Inflammation and stress-related candidate genes, plasma interleukin-6 levels, and longevity in older adults
Creators: name: Nievergelt, Caroline
name: LaCroix, Andrea
name: Kwok, Pui
name: Matteini, Amy M.
name: Barzilai, Nir
name: Atzmon, Gil
name: Kooperberg, Charles
name: Fallin, Dani M.
name: Pawlikowska, Ludmila
name: Lange, Ethan M.
name: Lange, Leslie A.
name: Ziv, Elad
name: Tracy, Russell P.
name: Cummings, Steve R.
name: Reiner, Alex P.
name: Walston, Jeremy D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory cytokine that influences the development of inflammatory and aging-related disorders and ultimately longevity. In order to study the influence of variants in genes that regulate inflammatory response on IL-6 levels and longevity, we screened a panel of 477 tag SNPs across 87 candidate genes in >5,000 older participants from the population-based Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Baseline plasma IL-6 concentration was first confirmed as a strong predictor of all-cause mortality. Functional alleles of the IL6R and PARP1 genes were significantly associated with 15%-20% higher baseline IL-6 concentration per copy among CHS European-American (EA) participants (all p<10−4). In a case/control analysis nested within this EA cohort, the minor allele of PARP1 rs1805415 was nominally associated with decreased longevity (p=0.001), but there was no evidence of association between IL6R genotype and longevity. The PARP1 rs1805415 – longevity association was subsequently replicated in one of two independent case/control studies. In a pooled analysis of all 3 studies, the “risk” of longevity associated with the minor allele of PARP1 rs1805415 was 0.79 (95%CI 0.62 – 1.02; p=0.07). These findings warrant further study of the potential role of PARP1 genotype in inflammatory and aging-related phenotypes.
Photon-assisted electronic and spin transport in a junction containing precessing molecular spin
Creators: name: Filipović, Milena
name: Belzig, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ac charge and -spin transport through an orbital of a magnetic molecule with spin precessing in a constant magnetic field. We assume that the source and drain contacts have time-dependent chemical potentials. We employ the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green's functions method to calculate the spin and charge currents to linear order in the time-dependent potentials. The molecular and electronic spins are coupled via exchange interaction. The time-dependent molecular spin drives inelastic transitions between the molecular quasienergy levels, resulting in a rich structure in the transport characteristics. The time-dependent voltages allow us to reveal the internal precession time scale (the Larmor frequency) by a dc conductance measurement if the ac frequency matches the Larmor frequency. In the low-ac-frequency limit the junction resembles a classical electric circuit. Furthermore, we show that the setup can be used to generate dc-spin currents, which are controlled by the molecular magnetization direction and the relative phases between the Larmor precession and the ac voltage.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures
A Tale of Two Dental Systems: Evaluating Dental Antibiotic Prescribing in VA and Non-VA Settings
Creators: name: Ramanathan, Swetha
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Dentists prescribe 10% of all outpatient antibiotic prescriptions in the United States with infection prophylaxis as the most common reason for prescriptions. Dentists provide antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of infective endocarditis (IE) and or prosthetic joint infection (PJI). While many studies have identified patterns of dental antibiotic prescribing focusing on antibiotics prescribed, geographic prescribing variations, and provider specialty, one feature not studied is the influence of dental setting. The Departments of Veterans Affairs is the largest provider of oral health care in the US and is one of few dental systems with access to an integrated electronic health record (EHR) with dental and medical data. In contrast, those that work in private practices do not have access to medical records. Therefore, the goal of this thesis was to assess whether guideline concordant dental antibiotic prophylaxis among those with cardiac conditions and prosthetic joints differs between VA and non-VA patient populations and whether downstream outcomes of antibiotic prescribing differs. A secondary goal was to understand dentists’ perceptions regarding antibiotic prescribing.
MetaExplorer: Facilitating Reasoning with Epistemic Uncertainty in Meta-analysis
Creators: name: Kale, Alex
name: Lee, Sarah
name: Goan, Terrance
name: Tipton, Elizabeth
name: Hullman, Jessica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Scientists often use meta-analysis to characterize the impact of an intervention on some outcome of interest across a body of literature. However, threats to the utility and validity of meta-analytic estimates arise when scientists average over potentially important variations in context like different research designs. Uncertainty about quality and commensurability of evidence casts doubt on results from meta-analysis, yet existing software tools for meta-analysis do not necessarily emphasize addressing these concerns in their workflows. We present MetaExplorer, a prototype system for meta-analysis that we developed using iterative design with meta-analysis experts to provide a guided process for eliciting assessments of uncertainty and reasoning about how to incorporate them during statistical inference. Our qualitative evaluation of MetaExplorer with experienced meta-analysts shows that imposing a structured workflow both elevates the perceived importance of epistemic concerns and presents opportunities for tools to engage users in dialogue around goals and standards for evidence aggregation.
Neuroendocrine inhibition of glucose production and resistance to cancer in dwarf mice
Creators: name: Alderman, J. McKee
name: Harrison, David E.
name: Naik, Sneha B.
name: Parker, Carol E.
name: Ziara, Kristen B.
name: Brooks, Natasha L.
name: Gutierrez, Jonathan M.
name: Srinivas, Urmila
name: Boysen, Gunnar
name: Chen, Xian
name: Swenberg, James A.
name: Stridsberg, Mats
name: Bronson, Rod
name: Flurkey, Kevin
name: Klebanov, Simon
name: Jing, Linhong
name: Combs, Terry P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Pit1 null (Snell dwarf) and Proph1 null (Ames dwarf) mutant mice lack GH, PRL and TSH. Snell and Ames dwarf mice also exhibit reduced IGF-I, resistance to cancer and a longer lifespan than control mice. Endogenous glucose production during fasting is reduced in Snell dwarf mice compared to fasting control mice. In view of cancer cell dependence on glucose for energy, low endogenous glucose production may provide Snell dwarf mice with resistance to cancer. We investigated whether endogenous glucose production is lower in Snell dwarf mice during feeding. Inhibition of endogenous glucose production by glucose injection was enhanced in 12 to 14 month-old female Snell dwarf mice. Thus, we hypothesize that lower endogenous glucose production during feeding and fasting reduces cancer cell glucose utilization providing Snell dwarf mice with resistance to cancer. The elevation of circulating adiponectin, a hormone produced by adipose tissue, may contribute to the suppression of endogenous glucose production in 12 to 14 month-old Snell dwarf mice. We compared the incidence of cancer at time of death between old Snell dwarf and control mice. Only 18% of old Snell dwarf mice had malignant lesions at the time of death compared to 82% of control mice. The median ages at death for old Snell dwarf and control mice were 33 and 26 months, respectively. By contrast, previous studies showed a high incidence of cancer in old Ames dwarf mice at the time of death. Hence, resistance to cancer in old Snell dwarf mice may be mediated by neuroendocrine factors that reduce glucose utilization besides elevated adiponectin, reduced IGF-I and a lack of GH, PRL and TSH, seen in both Snell and Ames dwarf mice. Proteomics analysis of pituitary secretions from Snell dwarf mice confirmed the absence of GH and PRL, the secretion of ACTH and elevated secretion of Chromogranin B and Secretogranin II. Radioimmune assays confirmed that circulating Chromogranin B and Secretogranin II were elevated in 12 to 14 month-old Snell dwarf mice. In summary, our results in Snell dwarf mice suggest that the pituitary gland and adipose tissue are part of a neuroendocrine loop that lowers the risk of cancer during aging by reducing the availability of glucose.
"I Think That We Have to be Okay with Saying Who We Are and Who We Are Not" : Indigenous Epistemologies, Methodologies, and Researcher Positionality in Canadian Indigenous Research
Creators: name: Marquez, Jimena
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2022
Subjects: Indigenous research
Indigenous epistemologies
Indigenous methodologies
researcher positionality

description: Research in Indigenous contexts is strongly associated with colonialism (Smith, 1999). In response to this, Indigenous scholars have, in the last two decades, recentred research on Indigenous ways of knowing and doing (Kovach, 2009; Wilson, 2008). This change marks the advent of an "Indigenous research paradigm" based on "an ontology, epistemology, methodology, and axiology that is Indigenous" (Wilson, 2008, p. 38). In recent years, this approach has gained momentum in Canada, making it a "fifth paradigm" and a sought-after research approach across disciplines (Chilisa, 2020, p. 19). This thesis seeks to better understand the evolution of Canadian Indigenous research across disciplines in the last two decades (1997–2020). Using a mixed-methods approach (western and Indigenous), I adopted Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) scoping review methodology for the initial five steps and Kovach's (2010) Indigenous conversational method for the final consultation step. Based on the in-depth analysis of 46 Indigenous research studies, my findings indicate a notable increase in the number of collaborations between Indigenous and non-Indigenous partners, especially in the last five years. This may signal the beginning of an era of reconciliation in research; however, my conversations with Indigenous scholars revealed that, in many cases, collaborations are tainted by tokenism and present many risks for Indigenous researchers. Indigenous research is principle-based, and its key principles are relationality, reciprocity, respect, and accountability. Indigenous scholars emphasized that the key to successful collaborations and to "good" Indigenous research is taking the time to build genuine relationships based on these principles. My research thus demonstrates that healthy and productive collaborative Indigenous research is possible, but only when there is relational accountability on the part of non-Indigenous partners. In sum, using a scoping review analysis and the Indigenous conversational method, this research has established that the marker of robust and valuable Indigenous research is congruency: the clear and explicit alignment between researchers' positionalities, their epistemic frameworks, and the methodologies used to conduct the research.
LATVIA - Migration and demographic patterns in Central-Eastern Europe
Creators: name: Brzozowski, Jan
name: Szkołut, Sylwia
name: Sikorska, Joanna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: latvia
migration
migration scenarios

description: This report is a part of deliverable “D.6.2. Report on migration and demographic patterns in the EU CEE countries and potential source countries” from the project FUME – Future Migration Scenarios for Europe (870649), financed with the Horizon 2020 programme. In particular, this country report focuses on critical analysis of immigration data from Latvia. The analysis consists of an overview of stock and flow data on migrants including such dimensions as age groups, gender, country of origin, education levels and length of residence. This report is a first step in an analytical exercise which aims to determine migration potential from and to Latvia and furthermore, to provide necessary data input for fine-tuning of the FUME migration projection model. The report presents the historical framework of this transformation, major national groups of immigrants and their demographic structure. It also provides critical analysis on the validity of various statistical sources of data and draws some initial conclusions on the temporality/permanent nature of immigrants in Latvia. Latvia, as other Baltic states shares some similar patterns of migration due to common history, including Russian and Soviet political dominance, political oppression during the communist times and settlement policies within the USRR. Nevertheless, its migration history resembles more Estonian than Lithuanian case. This is due to a relatively large Russian-speaking population which is still perceived as a problematic issue when it comes to assimilation and integration policies. However, when it comes to emigration Latvia has experienced a much more intensive outflow of its population: it is estimated that in the first 2 decades of 21st century the country has lost almost 17% of its population due to out-migration. Thus, Latvian authorities are now devoting a lot of attention to develop an active diaspora policy that would engage Latvians living abroad in the social, political and economic matters of their home country.
Effects of short-range electron-electron interactions in doped graphene
Creators: name: Aikebaier, Faluke
name: Pertsova, Anna
name: Canali, Carlo M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the effects of short-range electron-electron interactions on the electronic structure of graphene, in the presence of single substitutional impurities. Our computational approach is based on the $π$ orbital tight-binding approximation for graphene, with the electron-electron interactions treated self-consistently at the level of the mean-field Hubbard model. We compare explicitly non-interacting and interacting cases with varying interaction strength and impurity potential strength. We focus in particular on the interaction-induced modifications in the local density of states around the impurity, which is a quantity that can be directly probed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy of doped graphene. We find that the resonant character of the impurity states near the Fermi level is enhanced by the interactions. Furthermore, the size of the energy gap, which opens at high-symmetry points of the Brillouin zone of the supercell upon doping, is significantly affected by the interactions. The details of this effect depend subtly on the supercell geometry. We use a perturbative model to explain these features and find quantitative agreement with numerical results.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Correlation-driven topological transition in Janus VSiGeP2As2
Creators: name: Hussain, Ghulam
name: Fakhredine, Amar
name: Islam, Rajibul
name: Sattigeri, Raghottam M.
name: Autieri, Carmine
name: Cuono, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The appearance of intrinsic ferromagnetism in 2D materials opens the possibility of investigating the interplay between magnetism and topology. The magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) describing the easy axis for magnetization in a particular direction is an important yardstick for nanoscale applications. Here, the first-principles approach is used to investigate the electronic band structures, the strain dependence of MAE in pristine VSi2Z4 (Z=P, As) and its Janus phase VSiGeP2As2 and the evolution of the topology as a function of the Coulomb interaction. In the Janus phase the compound presents a breaking of the mirror symmetry, which is equivalent to having an electric field, and the system can be piezoelectric. It is revealed that all three monolayers exhibit ferromagnetic ground state ordering, which is robust even under biaxial strains. A large value of coupling J is obtained, and this, together with the magnetocrystalline anisotropy, will produce a large critical temperature. We found an out-of-plane (in-plane) magnetization for VSi2P4 (VSi2As4), while in-plane magnetization for VSiGeP2As2. Furthermore, we observed a correlation-driven topological transition in the Janus VSiGeP2As2. Our analysis of these emerging pristine and Janus-phased magnetic semiconductors opens prospects for studying the interplay between magnetism and topology in two-dimensional materials.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Hemodynamic forces in endothelial dysfunction and vascular aging
Creators: name: Tzima, Ellie
name: Collins, Caitlin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Aging is a key risk factor associated with the associated onset of cardiovascular disease. Notably, vascular aging and cardiovascular disease are both with endothelial dysfunction, or a marked decrease in production and bioavailability the vasodilator of nitric oxide (NO). As a result of decreased nitric oxide availability, aging vessels often exhibit endothelial cell senescence and increased oxidative stress. One of the most potent activators of NO production is fluid shear stress produced by blood flow. Interestingly, age-related decrease in NO production partially results from endothelial insensitivity to shear stress. While the endothelial cell response to fluid shear stress has been well characterized in recent years, the exact mechanisms of how the mechanical force of fluid shear stress is converted into intracellular biochemical signals are relatively unknown. Therefore, gaining a better knowledge of mechanosignaling events in endothelial cells may prove to be beneficial for developing potential therapies for cardiovascular diseases.
Aging and cancer mortality: Dynamics of change and sex differences
Creators: name: Li, Ting
name: Nielsen, Matthew E.
name: Yang, Yang
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Age-related changes in cancer mortality risk are important for understanding the processes of disease and aging interaction. The extent to which these age changes differ by sex further contributes to this understanding but has not been well studied to date. We conducted a systematic examination of dynamics and heterogeneity of age changes in cancer mortality rates for the top 14 cancer sites using vital statistics from the NCHS and SEER between 1969 and 2007. We assessed patterns of age changes in site-specific mortality rates in terms of both increase (age slope) and acceleration (change in age slope) as measured by the log-log acceleration rate (LLA). We assessed sex differences in mortality rates through sex mortality rate ratios and sex differences in age changes through comparisons of the LLA by sex. The logged male-to-female mortality ratios are positive but vary substantially with age in magnitude. And the age patterns of sex ratios also vary across sites. The LLA values show similar declines and hence slowdowns of mortality increment into or during old age for both sexes for most sites and periods. Post-reproductive changes in sex differences in cancer mortality are not entirely consistent with the estrogenic hypothesis about the anticarcinogenic effects of sex hormones and suggest the utility of the multistage model of disease progression for some tumor sites. Analysis of age dynamics and sex differences in cancer mortality may modify extant aging-related theories of carcinogenesis and frame future searches for specific explanatory factors.
FCS-GVAE: A Deep Graph Unsupervised Learning Approach For The Analysis Of The Human Connectome
Creators: name: Amodeo, Carlo
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: One of biology's fundamental concepts is that structure affects function; how something is arranged enables it to perform a particular purpose. In this context, network theory has become a standard tool in neuroscience for deciphering functional and anatomical links in the brain and identifying abnormalities in brain diseases. The primary networks of interest are structural (e.g., from DTI) and functional (e.g., from fMRI) brain networks. However, the underlying relationship between structural and functional brain networks has not been fully explored: most current research on brain networks focuses on either structural or functional connectivity, and has not investigated how complementary information between them can be used to improve our understanding. This study investigates the relationship between functional and structural brain networks by training a graph variational autoencoder system that incorporates both functional characteristics and network topology information in an unsupervised fashion. The learned low-dimensional embedding captures key information from both these connectivities and establishes a standard structure-functional spatial coordinate system for comparing different individuals, allowing for individual representation alignment across datasets, which is vital to understanding human brain organization and individual differences. In terms of numbers, this technique enables the transformation of a 132-node representation of the brain networks, i.e., a 132x132 matrix, to a 6-dimensional space. We conduct extensive testing to evaluate the proposed approach using whole-brain network data from the publicly available OASIS-3 longitudinal study dataset. This dataset includes subjects' gender, age, and diagnosis such as whether the subject is affected by Alzheimer's Dementia (AD). We've analyzed the longitudinal data of 865 participants, whose AD state has been defined as having a clinical dementia rating greater than 0. Our experimental findings demonstrate how the proposed unsupervised embedding approach can distinguish different sub-populations, mainly according to their healthy state, better than existing approaches that do not use complementary network information. When the functional connectomes' information is not included in the model, the best f1-score obtained while predicting the healthy state of the subjects has been 0.23. On the other hand, including the variability of the Functional Connectome, it has been possible to increase the outcomes of the classification task for the healthy state of the patients, noticing a boost close to 40\% in the f1-score itself.