cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Phase transition in fiber bundle models with recursive dynamics
Creators: name: Bhattacharyya, Pratip
name: Pradhan, Srutarshi
name: Chakrabarti, Bikas K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phase transition in a class of fiber bundle models in which the fiber strengths are distributed randomly within a finite interval and global load sharing is assumed. The dynamics is expressed as recursion relations for the redistribution of the applied stress and the evolution of the surviving fraction of fibers. We show that an irreversible phase transition of second-order occurs, from a phase of partial failure to a phase of total failure, when the initial applied stress just exceeds a critical value. The phase transition is characterised by static and dynamic critical properties. We calculate exactly the critical value of the initial stress for three models of this kind, each with a different distribution of fiber strengths. We derive the exact expressions for the order parameter, the susceptibility to changes in the initial applied sress and the critical relaxation of the surviving fraction of fibers for all the three models. The static and dynamic critical exponents obtained from these expressions are found to be universal.
description: 15 pages (REVTeX4); 7 figures (eps); title and abstract modified; paragraph of discussion added before section VI; three new references included; to appear in Phys. Rev. E (2003)
Additional file 6 of LINC00022 acts as an oncogene in colorectal cancer progression via sponging miR-375-3p to regulate FOXF1 expression
Creators: name: Xu, Lingling
name: He, Hongmei
name: Shang, Yu
name: Qu, Xiaona
name: Sun, Jinghua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 6: Supplementary figure S6c. The original blot images of Fig. 6c.
The Likelihood of Mixed Hitting Times
Creators: name: Abbring, Jaap H.
name: Salimans, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We present a method for computing the likelihood of a mixed hitting-time model that specifies durations as the first time a latent Lévy process crosses a heterogeneous threshold. This likelihood is not generally known in closed form, but its Laplace transform is. Our approach to its computation relies on numerical methods for inverting Laplace transforms that exploit special properties of the first passage times of Lévy processes. We use our method to implement a maximum likelihood estimator of the mixed hitting-time model in MATLAB. We illustrate the application of this estimator with an analysis of Kennan's (1985) strike data.
description: 37 pages
Indigenization and Liberation
Creators: Bouhairie, Gilbert
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Theology, Doctrinal
Indigenization (Christian theology)
Social justice--Religious aspects--Christianity

description: All people must be able to indigenize the Christian faith through the love teachings of Jesus Christ in order to receive the revelation of the cross they bear and recognize the suffering cross from which they need to be liberated. If theology is not indigenized, Christianity remains a Westernized religion that dominates rather than liberates the oppressed by presenting the Christian faith with a Western slant cloaked as a universal religion. Rather than being opposed to each other, as formally thought by liberation theologians, indigenization and liberation are both hermeneutic procedures that seek to fulfill three functions; liberate Christianity from its religio-cultural and socio-political bondage to Westernized values; cater to and find solidarity with the poor and oppressed in their fight against systemic oppression; and finally, show that the struggle for political, social and economic justice—as well as the struggle for a religious and spiritual liberation that comes from the love of God, self and neighbor—is consistent with the gospel of Jesus Christ.
Evidence-Based Practices Peer Mentoring and Observation Program Proposed Implementation Timeline
Creators: name: Buxton, Kristin
name: Oberlies, Mary
name: Zeidman-Karpinski, Annie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Implementation timeline for Peer Mentoring and Observation Program
Teaching Practices Inventory – Information Literacy Instruction
Creators: name: Buxton, Kristin
name: Oberlies, Mary
name: Zeidman-Karpinski, Annie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Inventory of teaching practices used in information literacy instruction
How Sustainable is the Federal Government of Nigeria Debt after the exit from Paris Club?
Creators: name: Otonne, Adewumi
name: Oyenuga, Oluwatimileyin
name: Otonne, Adewumi
name: Oyenuga, Oluwatimileyin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Unit root with structural breaks
subject: Johansen Co-integration with structural Breaks
subject: Fiscal Sustainability
subject: Debt Sustainability
subject: and Fiscal Policy

description: The study investigated the sustainability of the federal government debt in Nigeria after the exit from the Paris Club while accounting for the role of structural breaks in the fiscal variables. Using the modified Augmented Dickey-Fuller test (unit root test with structural breaks), Engel Granger residual based co-integration test, Bounds Co-integration test and Johansen co-integration test with structural breaks, the results show that the federal government borrowing and fiscal policy actions in Nigeria are not sustainable. This means that government revenue and expenditure grow indefinitely apart, and therefore grows out of bound. In other words, the federal government does not satisfy its inter-temporal budget constraint, and takes no necessary actions to ensure fiscal sustainability. This shows an increasing difficulty by the Nigerian government to meet its borrowing obligation with current revenue. Therefore, it is important for the federal government of Nigeria to reduce overdependence on oil export revenue, and harness other revenue generating capacities while reducing public borrowing.
Use of lithologic descriptions for waste rock characterization : case studies from the Eskay Creek project
Creators: name: Stewart, C. J.
name: Higgs, T. W.
name: Napier, William A.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This paper outlines the program conducted at Eskay Creek to assess acid generation potential with a focus on the use of lithology and geochemical tests for classification and project planning. The paper discusses variation within rock types and in particular differences in behaviour of massive and brecciated forms of Rhyolite. A primary recommendation is that geological site-specific information be merged with the geochemical sampling, analyses and interpretation work. Other recommendations for ARD programs for new projects are also included.
title: Ifloga spicata (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. in Webb & Berth.
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Digitale Pflanzenbilder : Sammlung Dietmar Brandes
subject: 580

description: Pflanzensammlung Dietmar Brandes: Digitale Pflanzenbilder
Xanthidium regulare var. asteptum Nordstedt
Creators: name: Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos
name: Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto
name: Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Charophyta
Conjugatophyceae
Zygnematales
Desmidiaceae
Xanthidium
Xanthidium regulare
Xanthidium regulare var. asteptum nordstedt

description: Xanthidium regulare var. asteptum Nordstedt in Borge (1918: 43) (Figs 5, 40-47)   Synonyms:
 Xanthidium fragile Borge (1899: 17; Pl. 1, fig. 14)
 Xanthidium fragile var. depauperatum Borge (1918: 41; Pl. 3, fig. 25)
 Xanthidium regulare var. sexangulare Grönblad (1945: 22)
 Xanthidium regulare var. sexangulare f. robustior Grönblad (1945: 22, fig. 161)
 Xanthidium sexangulare (Grönblad) Kurt Förster (1969: 62)
 Xanthidium sexangulare var. robustius (Grönblad) Kurt Förster (1969: 63)
 Cell dimensions:—length 70–81 μm (without spines), 117–120 (including spines), width 58–70 μm (without spines), 94–100 (including spines), thickness 48–56 µm, isthmus 22–27 μm, spines 15–23 μm long. Zygospore 90 µm in diameter (including spines), globular in shape and provided with short robust spines (10 μm).
 Habitat:—This taxon was occasionally found in study area associated to C. caroliniana and U. foliosa; EC 0.01 (±0.01) mS. cm-1; DO 6.5 (±0.8); TDS 0.02 (±0.02); pH 7.8 (±1); T 29.6 ºC (±2); WT 62 cm (±16).
 Material examined:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Andaraí, Pantanal dos Marimbus, Lagoa do Baiano. Samples: HUEFS 253753, HUEFS 253754, HUEFS 253756, HUEFS 253757, HUEFS 253766, HUEFS 253768, HUEFS 253772, HUEFS 253775, HUEFS 253801.
 Taxonomic notes:—Morphologically, Xanthidium regulare var. asteptum resembles X. regulare var. pseudoregulare (Borge) C.E.M.Bicudo & L.M.Carvalho (1969: 374, figs 10–12), although the latter differs by having semicells furnished by a single robust spine, which is 2–4 divided at the distal end, and having no tiny spine beneath each angle of the semicells.
 We observed that zygospore of X. regulare var. asteptum without spines presents a cell more inflated (75–80 μm) than other of Xanthidium taxa analyzed in Marimbus do Baiano (ca. 50 μm), and distinct by ornamented by short, robust and pointed spines.
 Couté & Tell (1981: 214, Pl. 10, fig. 4–5) presented details in the SEM of X. regulare var. asteptum, showing angles of semicells ornamented by solid spines bifid or trifid ones, curved, unequal, and a tiny spine in the basal angles of the semicells.
 Although the type locality of this taxon is São Paulo (southeastern Brazil), the var. asteptum has been commonly reported in the northern Brazil (Amazonas, Amapá, Pará, Tocantins, Roraima), and sometimes in other regions such as northeastern (Maranhão, Pernambuco, Bahia), and Central-West (Mato Grosso).
description: Published as part of Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos, Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto & Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento, 2022, Taxonomic notes on genera Bourrellyodesmus and Xanthidium (Zygnematophyceae) from Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil, pp. 228-242 in Phytotaxa 536 (3) on page 238, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6331876
Additional file 5 of LINC00022 acts as an oncogene in colorectal cancer progression via sponging miR-375-3p to regulate FOXF1 expression
Creators: name: Xu, Lingling
name: He, Hongmei
name: Shang, Yu
name: Qu, Xiaona
name: Sun, Jinghua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 5: Supplementary figure S5c. The original blot images of Fig. 5c.
Smallholder Avocado Contract Farming in Kenya: Determinants and Differentials in Outcomes
Creators: name: Johnny, Edna G.
name: Kabubo-Mariara, Jane
name: Mulwa, Richard
name: Ruigu, George M.
name: Johnny, Edna G.
name: Kabubo-Mariara, Jane
name: Mulwa, Richard
name: Ruigu, George M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Avocado
subject: contract farming
subject: gap analysis
subject: Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition

description: Avocado is a non-traditional export crop of economic importance in Kenya. Commercialization of the fruit through contract farming is a viable alternative for improving the welfare of majority of smallholder farmers involved in its production. This paper explores factors influencing the participation of smallholder farmers in avocado contract farming and decomposes those contributing to differentials in quality and quantities of fruit harvested and sold by contract and non-contract farmers. Findings from a probit analysis indicate that adoption of Hass and Fuerte varieties, hired labor, and information on production and marketing significantly influenced participation in contract farming. Results from gap analysis, using Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, showed that differences between contract and non-contract farmers in quality and quantities of harvested and sold were due to endowment and structural differences. The results imply that closing the observed gap will require policies aimed at facilitating better access to land and training of farmers in good agricultural practices among other support services.
Individual Differences in Parent Psychosocial Factors, Child Characteristics and Behaviors, and Parent Behavior Regulation Strategies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Creators: Hinman, Jocelyn Ann
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Special education
Educational psychology
Autistic children--Family relationships
Parents of autistic children
Stress (Psychology)

description: Parents’ stress and coping strategies are often challenged in the context of childhood disability, highlighting the importance of studying these factors and their associations with parent behaviors to gather a better understanding of parent-child interactions in the context of developmental disabilities like Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Less is known about how child characteristics (e.g., ASD severity, language, temperament, and behavior problems) and observed child behaviors relate to parent behaviors. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that were linked to key parent behaviors (i.e., cohesiveness, behavior regulation strategies, synchronization) during the parent-child interaction of parents with children with ASD. Forty-two mother-child dyads recruited from a therapeutic preschool participated in a parent-child interaction and completed questionnaires measuring parent psychosocial factors and child characteristics. Independent researchers coded videos for parent cohesiveness behaviors, parent behavior regulation strategies, parent synchronization, as well as child affect and compliance behaviors. Pearson correlational analyses were used to examine the relationships between parent psychosocial factors, child characteristics, and parent behaviors. Linear regression analyses were used to examine the effect of moderator variables on those links. Overall, externalizing and internalizing behaviors were related to depressive symptoms and stress, and stress and effortful control were related. Direct commands and positive parenting were associated with more positive child characteristics and behaviors, such as less negative affect and more committed compliance. The degree to which the mother cleaned and the amount of toys cleaned were also related to higher functioning child characteristics and less negative behaviors. Child characteristics did not significantly moderate the relationship between parent psychosocial factors and parent behaviors. Parents’ coping and self-efficacy did not significantly moderate the relationship between stress and parent behaviors. More research is needed to better understand how child characteristics and child behaviors relate to parent behaviors. The study offers suggestions for future research to better understand how to improve parent-child interactions during particularly difficult activities, such as clean-up, with a population of children who present unique challenges. Future work should aim to examine how to promote positive parent behavior regulation strategies during situations that require an end goal.
Shelly et al. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL
Creators: name: Colleen Shelly, Philippe Grandjean
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111705 Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111706 Epidemiology

description: Supplemental to: Early life exposures to perfluoroalkyl substances in relation to adipokine hormone levels at birth and during childhood - by Shelly C, et al. 
Characterising Graduate Unemployment in Nigeria as Education-job Mismatch Problem
Creators: name: Aminu, Alarudeen
name: Aminu, Alarudeen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Graduate Unemployment
subject: Education-Job Mismatch
subject: Educational Levels
subject: Proportionality Index

description: The study investigates education-job mismatch in the graduate segment of the nation’s labour market, which has had to contend with increasing graduate unemployment in an environment that is inundated with frequent adverts for vacancies across graduate disciplines. Variance of relative unemployment and proportional index of unemployed and employed are used to explain the mismatch from 2012 to 2016. Mismatch is found to be low but increasing in the entire labour market. Aggregate unemployment rate was structurally dependent on unemployment rates among those without education and those who had secondary education while the rate was cyclically affected by unemployment rates in the ranks of those who had post-secondary education (graduates) and those who underwent less than primary education. The results of the proportional index analysis show that the graduates of Medical Sciences, Social Sciences/Business Studies and Engineering would not experience unemployment, while graduates with specialisations in Education, Law, Arts and Sciences were most likely to be unemployed in the Nigerian labour market. A number of reasons are offered to explain the plausibility of these results, while some solutions are put forward to address unemployment among graduates of the latter set of disciplines.
Individual Differences in Learning v. Achievement: What Self-Regulation Really Predicts
Creators: Modrek, Anahid Sandaldjian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Learning, Psychology of
Middle school students
Academic achievement--Psychological aspects
Developmental psychology
Cognitive psychology
Educational psychology

description: What makes some students more effective learners and better academic performers than others? Is the answer identical with respect to learning and academic achievement, or do the contributing factors differ? I examined two kinds of self-regulation – cognitive regulation and behavior regulation –  as predictors of individual differences in middle-school students’ learning and academic achievement. The type of learning investigated here is that of inductive learning, where knowledge must be discovered or constructed by the learner – the knowledge is not given to them, rather it is induced based on newly found evidence in light of preconceived beliefs.
      Across two studies, one a pilot study with underachieving students of lower socioeconomic status (SES) (n=21) and the other a larger study with a wider range of lower to middle SES students (n=135), results were consistent. A measure of cognitive regulation, but not behavior regulation, predicted learning effectiveness on an inquiry learning task adapted for this study. Behavior regulation, but not cognitive regulation, predicted academic achievement (assessed by state-administered standardized achievement tests).
      Longitudinal analyses were conducted to determine whether two distinct self-regulatory processes predicted change in academic performance. Cognitive regulation predicted improvement in math scores, while behavior regulation did not. Behavior regulation, however, showed little predictive power to English scores, and cognitive regulation showed none. Finally, to better understand the directional associations of these variables, structural equation modeling was performed. Results suggested that it is indeed cognitive regulatory processes, not behavior regulation, that predict learning effectiveness, which in turn predict improvement on both Math and English standardized test scores.
      These results support the conclusion that (a) learning and academic achievement are distinct constructs, and (b) cognitive regulation and behavior regulation are related, but distinct, processes of self-regulation, with cognitive regulation the more consequential as a long-term predictor of both learning and academic achievement.
The Projection Games Conjecture and the Hardness of Approximation of super-SAT and related problems
Creators: name: Mukhopadhyay, Priyanka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Super-SAT or SSAT problem was introduced by Dinur et al.(2002,2003) to prove the NP-hardness of approximation of two popular lattice problems - Shortest Vector Problem(SVP) and Closest Vector Problem(CVP). They conjectured that SSAT is NP-hard to approximate to within a factor of $n^c$ ($c>0$ is constant), where $n$ is the size of the SSAT instance. In this paper we prove this conjecture assuming the Projection Games Conjecture(PGC), given by Moshkovitz (2012). This implies hardness of approximation of SVP and CVP within polynomial factors, assuming PGC. We also reduce SSAT to the Nearest Codeword Problem(NCP) and Learning Halfspace Problem(LHP), as considered by Arora et al.(1997). This proves that both these problems are NP-hard to approximate within a factor of $N^{c'/\log\log n}$($c'>0$ is constant) where $N$ is the size of the instances of the respective problems. Assuming PGC these problems are proved to be NP-hard to approximate within polynomial factors.
description: Compared to v2 : Revised version. Slightly changed title
Indigenous Resources of Mexican-Americans: Perceptions and Utilization
Creators: Borrego, Rodolfo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1983
Subjects: Mexican Americans
Social service
Social networks

description: Purpose. The purpose of the study was to examine the network of indigenous resources of the Mexican-American community. Further it was the purpose of the study to explore the knowledge of the respondents regarding the issue of concern.

The objectives of this study were threefold. The primary objective was to contribute to the body of knowledge on Mexican-Americans and secondly to explore their network of indigenous resources. The final objective of this study was to contribute to theory development and provide recommendations for social work practice and intervention with Mexican-Americans.

Method. The study was exploratory-descriptive, and the setting for the research was Tulare County in the Central San Joaquin Valley, California.

The host agency for the study was Tulare County Headstart and Child Care Agency. Thirty-six couples, 18 first generation and 18 second generation were randomly selected as the sample of the study. None of the participants were, past or present, a client of Mental Health Services, which was one of the criteria for the sample selection.

Respondents participated in interviews that were prearranged. The interviews were facilitated with a research instrument designed to explore the most salient elements of the network of indigenous resources. Analysis of the data collected was performed by qualitative and quantitative methods.

Conclusions. Generally the data revealed that a well defined and functioning system of indigenous resources exist among Mexican-Americans. On most aspects of the indigenous resources and utilization, no difference was determined between the first and second generation respondents.

It was found that the sample was youthful and involved in the life tasks of child rearing and family development. Their outlook on life is controlled by a well developed system of belief which is guided by belief in God and evil. Their overall family orientation was extended in nature and in some cases friends and compadres were considered as part or extension of the family. Finally, it was found that curanderos and priests/ministers have a significant role for the respondents in regard to provision of assistance/help for life problems.

Recommendations. The findings have implications for social work theory development and social work practice. Sensitivity and awareness is necessary in relation to the cultural, social, and environment of Mexican-Americans. This is of critical importance in the provision of intervention and services. Further social work practitioners need to be cognizant that Mexican-American clients within their relationships and beliefs may possess a wealth of indigenous resources. And a concerted effort must be made to engage the indigenous resources as part of the helping system.
Global eigenvalue distribution of matrices defined by the skew-shift
Creators: name: Adhikari, Arka
name: Lemm, Marius
name: Yau, Horng-Tzer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider large Hermitian matrices whose entries are defined by evaluating the exponential function along orbits of the skew-shift $\binom{j}{2} ω+jy+x \mod 1$ for irrational $ω$. We prove that the eigenvalue distribution of these matrices converges to the corresponding distribution from random matrix theory on the global scale, namely, the Wigner semicircle law for square matrices and the Marchenko-Pastur law for rectangular matrices. The results evidence the quasi-random nature of the skew-shift dynamics which was observed in other contexts by Bourgain-Goldstein-Schlag and Rudnick-Sarnak-Zaharescu.
description: 46 pages; 11 figures; 1 table
Additional file 3 of LINC00022 acts as an oncogene in colorectal cancer progression via sponging miR-375-3p to regulate FOXF1 expression
Creators: name: Xu, Lingling
name: He, Hongmei
name: Shang, Yu
name: Qu, Xiaona
name: Sun, Jinghua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary figure S3b. The original blot images of Fig. 3b.
Measurement Error without the Proxy Exclusion Restriction
Creators: name: Chalak, Karim
name: Kim, Daniel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: This paper studies the identification of the coefficients in a linear equation when data on the outcome, covariates, and an error-laden proxy for a latent variable are available. We maintain that the measurement error in the proxy is classical and relax the assumption that the proxy is excluded from the outcome equation. This enables the proxy to directly affect the outcome and allows for differential measurement error. Without the proxy exclusion restriction, we first show that the effects of the latent variable, the proxy, and the covariates are not identified. We then derive the sharp identification regions for these effects under any configuration of three auxiliary assumptions. The first weakens the assumption of no measurement error by imposing an upper bound on the noise to signal ratio. The second imposes an upper bound on the outcome equation coefficient of determination that would obtain had there been no measurement error. The third weakens the proxy exclusion restriction by specifying whether the latent variable and its proxy affect the outcome in the same or the opposite direction, if at all. Using the College Scorecard aggregate data, we illustrate our framework by studying the financial returns to college selectivity and characteristics and student characteristics when the average SAT score at an institution may directly affect earnings and serves as a proxy for the average ability of the student cohort.
The representation theory of decoherence functionals in history quantum theories
Creators: name: Rudolph, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Q99

description: In the first part of this paper the general perspective of history quantum theories is reviewed. History quantum theories provide a conceptual and mathematical framework for formulating quantum theories without a globally defined Hamiltonian time evolution and for introducing the concept of space time event into quantum theory. On a mathematical level a history quantum theory is characterized by the space of histories, which represent the space time events, and by the space of decoherence functionals which represent the quantum mechanical states in the history approach. The second part of this paper is devoted to the study of the structure of the space of decoherence functionals for some physically reasonable spaces of histories in some detail. The temporal reformulation of standard Hamiltonian quantum theories suggests to consider the case that the space of histories is given by (i) the lattice of projection operators on some Hilbert space or -- slightly more general -- (ii) the set of projection operators in some von Neumann algebra. In the case (i) the conditions are identified under which decoherence functionals can be represented by, respectively, trace class operators, bounded operators or families of trace class operators on the tensor product of the underlying Hilbert space by itself. Moreover we shall discuss the naturally arising representations of decoherence functionals as sesquilinear forms. The paper ends with a discussion of the consequences of the results for the general axiomatic framework of history theories.
description: Talk given at the fourth IQSA meeting "Quantum Structures 98"
Snapshot-Free, Transparent, and Robust Memory Reclamation for Lock-Free Data Structures
Creators: name: Nikolaev, Ruslan
name: Ravindran, Binoy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a family of safe memory reclamation schemes, Hyaline, which are fast, scalable, and transparent to the underlying lock-free data structures. Hyaline is based on reference counting - considered impractical for memory reclamation in the past due to high overheads. Hyaline uses reference counters only during reclamation, but not while accessing individual objects, which reduces overheads for object accesses. Since with reference counters, an arbitrary thread ends up freeing memory, Hyaline's reclamation workload is (almost) balanced across all threads, unlike most prior reclamation schemes such as epoch-based reclamation (EBR) or hazard pointers (HP). Hyaline often yields (excellent) EBR-grade performance with (good) HP-grade memory efficiency, which is a challenging tradeoff with all existing schemes. Hyaline schemes offer: (i) high performance; (ii) good memory efficiency; (iii) robustness: bounding memory usage even in the presence of stalled threads, a well-known problem with EBR; (iv) transparency: supporting virtually unbounded number of threads (or concurrent entities) that can be created and deleted dynamically, and effortlessly join existent workload; (v) autonomy: avoiding special OS mechanisms and being non-intrusive to runtime or compiler environments; (vi) simplicity: enabling easy integration into unmanaged C/C++ code; and (vii) generality: supporting many data structures. All existing schemes lack one or more properties. We have implemented and tested Hyaline on x86(-64), ARM32/64, PowerPC, and MIPS. The general approach requires LL/SC or double-width CAS, while a specialized version also works with single-width CAS. Our evaluation reveals that Hyaline's throughput is very high - it steadily outperforms EBR by 10% in one test and yields 2x gains in oversubscribed scenarios. Hyaline's superior memory efficiency is especially evident in read-dominated workloads
description: An extended version of the PLDI'21 paper (with Appendix)
Individuality and Social Cohesion. Humboldt and Schleiermacher at the Origin of Modern Liberalism
Creators: Papcke, Luise
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Individuality
subject: Individuality--Social aspects

description: In this dissertation I retrace the notion of social individuality in early German liberal thought to respond to the ongoing criticism of liberal individuality as being at its foundation anti-social and atomistic. I concentrate on the exposition of this concept in the works of Wilhelm von Humboldt and Friedrich Schleiermacher at the turn of the 18th to 19th century, who I argue presented the clearest defense of individuality understood as interdependent uniqueness. Analyzing their relevant academic writings, speeches, sermons, letters, diary entries as well as political reports, I situate their conceptualization of social individuality within their wider thought, and examine what social institutions and practices as well as political consequences derive from understanding individuality as inherently social.
Individualized Scaffolding of Scientific Reasoning Development – Complementing Teachers with an Auto-agent
Creators: Arvidsson, Toi Sin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Developmental psychology
Teaching
Science--Study and teaching
Classroom environment
Reasoning (Psychology)

description: Building on the success in a previous study in engaging the underserved middle-school population in the practice of science through individualized scaffolding, the current study sought to examine an automated-agent, Astro-world, developed to provide real-time guidance to students in order to increase the scalability of the intervention while maintaining the benefits of the individualized format. Through practices of argument and counterargument in advancing and challenging claims, the agent focused on coordination of multiple variables affecting an outcome, rather than only the foundational and more extensively studied strategy of controlled experimentation, in the context of a scenario in which students had to investigate multiple factors affecting the performance of potential astronauts in a space simulator. The intervention sought to help students see the purpose and value of scientific practices using social science content rather than traditional science topics. In addition to adapting the technology into a regular classroom setting in which the teacher is actively engaged (teacher-involved condition), the study included a second condition to determine if the technology could be used effectively without active teacher involvement (tech-only condition). Delayed far-transfer assessments showed that only students in the teacher-involved condition (but not the tech-only condition) outperformed those in a non-participating control group in recognizing the need for evidence and considering all contributing factors in making predictions. Furthermore, post-hoc analysis showed that these significant differences occurred predominantly among those who mastered the foundational control of variable skills. Possibilities are considered as to why teacher involvement was critical to effectiveness, and implications for classroom practice are addressed.
Non-Iterative Subspace-Based DOA Estimation in the Presence of Nonuniform Noise
Creators: name: Esfandiari, M.
name: Vorobyov, S. A.
name: Aliban, S.
name: Karimi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The uniform white noise assumption is one of the basic assumptions in most of the existing directional-of-arrival (DOA) estimation methods. In many applications, however, the non-uniform white noise model is more adequate. Then the noise variances at different sensors have to be also estimated as nuisance parameters while estimating DOAs. In this letter, different from the existing iterative methods that address the problem of non-uniform noise, a non-iterative two-phase subspace-based DOA estimation method is proposed. The first phase of the method is based on estimating the noise subspace via eigendecomposition (ED) of some properly designed matrix and it avoids estimating the noise covariance matrix. In the second phase, the results achieved in the first phase are used to estimate the noise covariance matrix, followed by estimating the noise subspace via generalized ED. Since the proposed method estimates DOAs in a non-iterative manner, it is computationally more efficient and has no convergence issues as compared to the existing methods. Simulation results demonstrate better performance of the proposed method as compared to other existing state-of-the-art methods.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in IEEE Signal Processing Letters
Individual Disengagement of "Turkish Penitents" from Political Violence as Rite of Passage: Voices from the Cracks of Social Structure
Creators: Yilmaz, Kamil
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Political violence
subject: Ethnology
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This dissertation explores the notion of individual disengagement from political violence in Turkey by reconstructing the lives of 13 'formers' whom I call the Turkish Penitents. Its specific aim is to compare and contrast the experiences of those individuals who left various politically-motivated leftist/revolutionary groups and of those who desisted from an ethnic/separatist organization, the PKK (Kurdistan Workers' Party). In an effort to provide a more comprehensive understanding, this study focuses on the preceding and aftermath phases of Turkish Penitents' disengagement, i.e., "how and why they took part in violent actions in the first place" and "who they have become after desisting from political violence." There is currently a lack of conceptual framework in order to account for the notion of individual disengagement from political violence, largely due to the dearth of empirical and ethnographic studies on this notion. Therefore, by reconstructing the personal experiences of the Turkish Penitents through oral-history research, and combining methods and theory from political anthropology, criminal justice and political psychology, this study aims to make its largest contribution to the efforts of social theorizing on this relatively unexplored phenomenon.
Inducing Superconductivity in Two-dimensional Materials
Creators: Wang, Da
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Physics
Materials science
Superconductivity
Graphene
Nanostructured materials

description: In this thesis, I firstly report high field measurements of graphene/NbN junctions, in which NbN makes edge contact to graphene. Transport measurements at zero field demonstrate clear features associated with both retro and specular Andreev reflection. By applying perpendicular magnetic field, field dependence of junction transparency at Quantum Hall (QH) / superconductor (SC) interface is calculated and explained by a picture of superposition of electron and hole edge excitation. Zeeman splitting is induced in graphene by applying in plane magnetic field. We observe changes in the Andreev reflection spectrum that are consisting with spin splitting of the graphene band structure. This edge contact technique provides the opportunity to create hybrid SC/graphene or SC/QH system to illustrate new physics such as non-Abelian zero modes of Majorana physics. Secondly, other potential material candidates for SC/graphene junctions are discussed, high field transport measurement of FeSeTe/graphene junction is discussed, Superconductor/quantum spin Hall (QSH) interface and superconductor-graphene-superconductor weak link are also discussed, respectively. At last, via contact, a new contact method for two-dimensional materials, especially air-sensitive materials is discussed, the via contact method provides a new and reliable fabrication technique for two dimensional materials.
Asymptotic Reversibility of Thermal Operations for Interacting Quantum Spin Systems via Generalized Quantum Stein's Lemma
Creators: name: Sagawa, Takahiro
name: Faist, Philippe
name: Kato, Kohtaro
name: Matsumoto, Keiji
name: Nagaoka, Hiroshi
name: Brandao, Fernando G. S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For quantum spin systems in any spatial dimension with a local, translation-invariant Hamiltonian, we prove that asymptotic state convertibility from a quantum state to another one by a thermodynamically feasible class of quantum dynamics, called thermal operations, is completely characterized by the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence rate, if the state is translation-invariant and spatially ergodic. Our proof consists of two parts and is phrased in terms of a branch of the quantum information theory called the resource theory. First, we prove that any states, for which the min and max Rényi divergences collapse approximately to a single value, can be approximately reversibly converted into one another by thermal operations with the aid of a small source of quantum coherence. Second, we prove that these divergences collapse asymptotically to the KL divergence rate for any translation-invariant ergodic state. We show this via a generalization of the quantum Stein's lemma for quantum hypothesis testing beyond independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) situations. Our result implies that the KL divergence rate serves as a thermodynamic potential that provides a complete characterization of thermodynamic convertibility of ergodic states of quantum many-body systems in the thermodynamic limit, including out-of-equilibrium and fully quantum situations.
description: 59 pages. See short companion paper Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 250601
title: Ilex spinigera (T. Loesner) T. Loesner
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Digitale Pflanzenbilder : Sammlung Dietmar Brandes
subject: 580

description: Pflanzensammlung Dietmar Brandes: Digitale Pflanzenbilder
Directed Percolation Universality in Asynchronous Evolution of Spatio-Temporal Intermittency
Creators: name: Rolf, Juri
name: Bohr, Tomas
name: Jensen, Mogens H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present strong evidence that a coupled-map-lattice model for spatio-temporal intermittency belongs to the universality class of directed percolation when the updating rules are asynchronous, i.e. when only one randomly chosen site is evolved at each time step. In contrast, when the system is subjected to parallel updating, available numerical evidence suggests that it does not belong to this universality class and that it is not even universal. We argue that in the absence of periodic external forcing, the asynchronous rule is the more physical.
description: 12 pages, RevTeX, includes 6 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letters; changed version includes a better physical motivation for asynchronous updates, extra references and minor changes
Industrial Decay: Environmental Value of Industrial Heritage Sites
Creators: Stricker, Gwen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Architecture, Industrial
Industrial archaeology
Historic preservation
Steel industry and trade
Factories

description: Industrial heritage comes with a complex system of values, embodying historical, social, aesthetic, and economic narratives. Representative of a once booming economy, abandoned industrial sites now exemplify the negative consequences of material exploitation, environmental pollution, and deindustrialization. In recognizing these places as heritage, little attention is given to the significant mark made on urban and natural landscapes and environments. This thesis argues that industrial heritage sites should be assessed for environmental value as an opportunity to recognize the environment as an interdependence between nature and culture. Ascribing environmental value at these sites involves not only an acknowledgment of the toxic environmental systems that emerged as part of industrial processes but also an analysis of the natural decay and growth of sites after abandonment. This argument will be explored through Chicago’s abandoned industrial heritage sites that are in a state of decay, specifically the Acme Coke Plant and U.S. Steel’s South Works. The history of Chicago’s growth was dominated by industry, specifically the steel industry, but the most influential and historically significant industrial sites are in a state of decay and are largely excluded from heritage recognition in the city. Approaching the subject of industrial heritage through the assessment of environmental value acknowledges the fact that industrial heritage sites and the ecologies they disrupted have now become physically intertwined, an approach that considers decay as a defining characteristic of industrial heritage sites. Advocating for the natural environment captures a difficult history, but in doing so promotes a positive outcome for environmental health in the preservation process. This thesis explores the agency of nature to reuse abandoned industrial sites and the possibility to accommodate natural decay to represent the complicated historical narrative of the relationship between industrial culture and the natural environment.