cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Small Schools in a Big World: Thinking About a Wicked Problem
Creators: name: Corbett, Michael
name: Tinkham, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Alberta Journal of Educational Research
Year: 2015

description: The position of small rural schools is precarious in much of rural Canada today. What is to be done about small schools in rural communities which are often experiencing population decline and aging, economic restructuring, and the loss of employment and services? We argue this issue is a classic "wicked" policy problem. Small schools activists have a worldview that is focused on maintaining infrastructure and even community survival, while school boards are mandated to focus on the efficient provision of educational services across wider geographies. Is it even possible to mitigate the predictable conflict and zero-sum games that arise with the decision to close small schools? That is the subject of this paper, which draws on poststructural and actor network theory. We suggest that wicked problems cannot be addressed satisfactorily through formulas and data-driven technical-rational processes. They can only be addressed through flexible, dialogical policy spaces that allow people who have radically different worldviews to create dynamic, bridging conversations. Fundamentally, we argue that what is required are new spaces and modes of governance that are sufficiently networked, open, and flexible to manage the complexity and the mutability of genuinely participatory democracy. De nos jours, la situation des petites écoles rurales est précaire dans beaucoup de milieux ruraux au Canada. Que faire des petites écoles dans les milieux ruraux souvent aux prises avec une population vieillissante et en déclin, une restructuration économique, et une perte d’emplois et de services? Nous soutenons que cette situation est un problème classique de politique « pernicieuse ». Les activistes des petites écoles ont une vision du monde axée sur le maintien de l’infrastructure, voire la survie communautaire, alors que les conseils scolaires sont chargés de miser sur la prestation efficace de services éducationnels sur de plus grandes étendues. Est-il même possible de mitiger le conflit prévisible et les jeux à somme nulle qui découlent de la décision de fermer de petites écoles? Voilà le sujet de cet article, qui puise dans la théorie post-structurale et la théorie du réseau d’acteurs. Nous proposons que les problèmes pernicieux ne peuvent être abordés de façon satisfaisante par les formules et les processus technico-rationnels axés sur les données. Ils ne peuvent être résolus que par des politiques souples et dialogiques qui permettent aux gens avec des visions du monde radicalement différentes de créer des conversations dynamiques qui appuient le rapprochement. Dans le fond, nous militons en faveur de nouveaux espaces et de nouveaux modes de gouvernance qui sont suffisamment réseautés, ouverts et souples pour gérer la complexité et la mutabilité d’une démocratie authentiquement participative.
description: Alberta Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 60 No. 4 (2014): Winter: (Theme Issue)
DETERMINATS OF SMALLHOLDER FARMERS‟ PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURAL  COOPERATIVES: THE CSAE OF ABESHGE WOREDA,GURAGE ZONE,SNNPR.
Creators: name: ARARSSA HORA
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2016

description: Agricultural  transformation  has  been  given  due  attention  by  the  Ethiopian  government
specifically by improving the livelihood of small holder farmers. To achieve the desired goals in
the  economic  transformation,  vital  roles  are  assigned  to  agricultural  cooperatives.  The
participation  of  smallholder  farmers  in  different  agricultural  cooperatives  will  accelerate  the
transformation  of  the  Ethiopian  economy  in  general  and  the  agricultural  sector  in  particular.
However the government policy direction promotes active participation of smallholder farmers
in agricultural cooperatives in Ethiopia as well as in the study area, still majority of smallholder
farmers are hesitant to join agricultural cooperatives. Having this fact, the objective of this study
was  to  investigate  factors  that  influence  smallholder  farmers’  participation  in  agricultural
cooperatives in selected kebeles of Abeshgeworeda of Gurage Zone in SNNPR. In the process of
the  study  data  was  collected  from  the  total  sample  of  229  smallholder  farmers  out  of  which
87sampled farmers were participants in agricultural cooperatives while 142 of them were non
participants. A multi stage stratified sampling procedure  was employed. From sample farmers
sample respondents were selected using the probability proportional to size technique. Primary
source  of  data  was  used  for  the  study.  To  analyze  the  data  collected,  different  statistical
techniques were employed. Binary logit model was applied to identify the most influential factors
affecting small holder farmers’ participation in agricultural cooperatives.  Based on the findings
the  prominent  variables  that  strongly  influence  farmers  to  participate  in  agricultural
cooperatives were age, education, household size, farm activity, farm land size, annual income,
attendance  in  public  meetings,  access  to  training  and  contact  with  development  agent.  From
those variables farm activity and farm land size have a negati ve association with participation
while  the  remaining  variables  have  a  positive  association  with  participation.Therefore,
demanding  awareness  creation  measures  should  be  taken  by  all  the  stakeholders  in  the  study
area  in  order  for  improving  the  level  of  smallholder  farmers’  participation  in  agricultural
cooperatives.
Resistive Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection
Creators: name: Zenitani, Seiji
name: Hesse, Michael
name: Klimas, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resistive relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (RRMHD) simulations are applied to investigate the system evolution of relativistic magnetic reconnection. A time-split Harten--Lan--van Leer method is employed. Under a localized resistivity, the system exhibits a fast reconnection jet with an Alfvénic Lorentz factor inside a narrow Petschek-type exhaust. Various shock structures are resolved in and around the plasmoid such as the post-plasmoid vertical shocks and the "diamond-chain" structure due to multiple shock reflections. Under a uniform resistivity, Sweet--Parker-type reconnection slowly evolves. Under a current-dependent resistivity, plasmoids are repeatedly formed in an elongated current sheet. It is concluded that the resistivity model is of critical importance for RRMHD modeling of relativistic magnetic reconnection.
description: published in ApJL
Global Structure of Three Distinct Accretion Flows and Outflows around Black Holes through Two-Dimensional Radiation-Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations
Creators: name: Ohsuga, Ken
name: Mineshige, Shin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the detailed global structure of black hole accretion flows and outflows through newly performed two-dimensional radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations. By starting from a torus threaded with weak toroidal magnetic fields and by controlling the central density of the initial torus, rho_0, we can reproduce three distinct modes of accretion flow. In model A with the highest central density, an optically and geometrically thick supercritical accretion disk is created. The radiation force greatly exceeds the gravity above the disk surface, thereby driving a strong outflow (or jet). Because of the mild beaming, the apparent (isotropic) photon luminosity is ~22L_E (where L_E is the Eddington luminosity) in the face-on view. Even higher apparent luminosity is feasible if we increase the flow density. In model B with a moderate density, radiative cooling of the accretion flow is so efficient that a standard-type, cold, and geometrically thin disk is formed at radii greater than ~7R_S (where R_S is the Schwarzschild radius), while the flow is radiatively inefficient otherwise. The magnetic-pressure-driven disk wind appears in this model. In model C the density is too low for the flow to be radiatively efficient. The flow thus becomes radiatively inefficient accretion flow, which is geometrically thick and optically thin. The magnetic-pressure force, in cooperation with the gas-pressure force, drives outflows from the disk surface, and the flow releases its energy via jets rather than via radiation. Observational implications are briefly discussed.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
DETERMINANTS OF SAVING BEHAVIOUR OF WORKING  WOMEN HOUSEHOLD HEAD IN ARBA MINCH TOWN, GAMO  GOFA ZONE, SNNPR
Creators: name: NEGA MILILIYOS LETO
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2016

description: It is a clear and undisputable fact that savings is of great value to a nation’s growth and
development.  Mobilizing  both  domestic  and  international  savings  is  necessary  for  any
society to  proceed into self-sustaining economic growth. Higher savings has been proven
to precede economic growth. Therefore the analysis of saving is the analysis of issues of
growth  and  development.  This  study  therefore  sought  to  examine  the  determinants  of
savings  behavior  of  working  women  household  heads  using  the  surveyed  data  from
selected  household  heads  from  Gamo  Gofa  Zone,  SNNPR.  A  cross-sectional  data  was
collected  from  a  sampled  population  of  216  sample  sizes  using  systematic  sampling
method.  The  structured interview, focus group discussion and  personal  observation  were
used to collect data. Collected data was analyzed by stata  version 11 software packages.
Tobit regression analysis was used to understand the factors that influence the possibility
of  the  level  of  savings  of  households.  Thus  as  income  increase  the  mean  savings  also
increase  and  those  people  living  in  the  urban  areas  have  highest  saving  and  it  is
statistically significant. Savings increased with age and the highest savings was recorded
at 32 years beyond which savings begin to decline. The availability of financial institution
affects saving positively but people have information gap. As people increased their level
of  educational  attainment,  their  mean  savings  also  increased  and  as  the  number  of
household size increased, the level of savings decreased. Unmarried or single also saved
higher than married couples. Thus unplanned expenditures tend to take the bulk of people
savings than the planned expenditures. The study therefore recommended for government
policies to be geared towards subsidizing the cost of higher education since it induced
higher savings. Also sensitization programs on National Health Insurance Service should
be intensified to enable many people to enroll on the program  since those registered with
the scheme had higher savings.
DETERMINANTS OF SAVING BEHAVIOUR OF WORKING  WOMEN HOUSEHOLD HEAD IN ARBA MINCH TOWN, GAMO  GOFA ZONE, SNNPR
Creators: name: NEGA MILILIYOS LETO
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2016

description: It is a clear and undisputable fact that savings is of great value to a nation’s growth and
development.  Mobilizing  both  domestic  and  international  savings  is  necessary  for  any
society to proceed into self-sustaining economic growth. Higher savings has been proven
to precede economic growth. Therefore the analysis of saving is the analysis of issues of
growth  and  development. This  study  therefore  sought  to  examine  the  determinants  of
savings  behavior  of  working  women  household  heads  using  the  surveyed  data  from
selected household  heads from  Gamo  Gofa  Zone, SNNPR. A  cross-sectional  data  was
collected  from  a  sampled  population  of 216  sample  sizes  using  systematic  sampling
method. The structured interview, focus group discussion and personal observation were
used to collect data. Collected data was analyzed by stata version 11 software packages.
Tobit regression analysis was used to understand the factors that influence the possibility
of the  level  of  savings  of  households.  Thus  as  income  increase  the  mean  savings  also
increase  and  those  people  living  in  the  urban  areas  have  highest  saving  and  it  is
statistically significant. Savings increased with age and the highest savings was recorded
at 32 years beyond which savings begin to decline. The availability of financial institution
affects saving positively but people have information gap. As people increased their level
of  educational  attainment,  their  mean  savings  also  increased  and  as  the number  of
household size increased, the level of savings decreased. Unmarried or single also saved
higher than married couples. Thus unplanned expenditures tend to take the bulk of people
savings than the planned expenditures. The study therefore recommended for government
policies  to  be  geared towards  subsidizing  the  cost  of  higher education since  it  induced
higher savings. Also sensitization programs on National Health Insurance Service should
be intensified to enable many people to enroll on the program since those registered with
the scheme had higher savings.
DETERMINANT OF LOAN REPAYMENT RATE ON SMALL  SCALE ENTERPRISES. THE CASE OF EZHA  WOREDA IN GURAGE ZONE
Creators: name: Desalegn Bekele
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2016

description: This study was conducted with the aim of  determinants of loan repayment  rate on small scale
enterprises  this study primary data  was  collected from borrowers176 respondents.  In addition,
secondary  data  were  collected  from  relevant  organizations  and  pertinent  documents.  For  the
data analysis, descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequency distribution and
percentages were used to describe loan and demographic characteristics of the respondents. In
addition,  the  t  and  Chi-square  tests  were  employed  to  compare  non-defaulters  and  defaulters
group, with respect to some explanatory variables. A binary probit model was used to analyze
factors  affecting  loan  repayment  performance  of  small  scale  enterprises.  A  total  of  fifteen
explanatory variables were included in the empirical model and out of these, eight were found to
be  statistically  significant.  Variance  inflation  factor  and  coefficient  of  contingency  were
calculated  to  detect  multicollinearity  and  association  among  the  continuous  and  discrete
variables,  respectively.  Gender  of  borrowers,  age,  education  level,  annual  income  ,loan
diversion, suitability of loan repayment period, loan repayment period and loan size were highly
important  in  influencing  loan  repayment  performance  as  evidenced  by  the  model  statistic.
Therefore, consideration of factors affecting loan repayment rate is energetic because it provides
information that would enable to undertake effective measures with the aim of investigating loan
repayment  rate  and  financial  determinants  on  small  scale  enterprises’  performance.  It  would
also enable lenders such as microfinance and policy makers to have knowledge as to where and
how to channel efforts in order to minimize loan default
Experimental cross-polarization detection of coupling far-field light to highly confined plasmonic gap modes via nanoantennas
Creators: name: Wen, Jing
name: Banzer, Peter
name: Kriesch, Arian
name: Ploss, Daniel
name: Schmauss, Bernhard
name: Peschel, Ulf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrate the coupling of far-field light to highly confined plasmonic gap modes via connected nanoantennas. The excitation of plasmonic gap modes is shown to depend on the polarization, position and wavelength of the incident beam. Far-field measurements performed in crossed polarization allow for the detection of extremely weak signals re-emitted from gap waveguides and can increase the signal-to-noise ratio dramatically.
description: 5 figures; http://apl.aip.org/
Additional file 1 of intePareto: an R package for integrative analyses of RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq data
Creators: name: Yingying Cao
name: Kitanovski, Simo
name: Hoffmann, Daniel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1 CaseStudy. Codes and details of an example application with intePareto. The data used in the case study are the public data we analyzed in this paper.
A Hypothesis about the Physical Nature of the Phenomenon of Life (A Contribution to the Discussion of the Paper by G.R. Ivanitskii 21st Century: What Is Life from the Perspective of Physics)
Creators: name: Smolovich, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A macroscopic quantum state that is characterized by an energy gap in the electronic spectrum and occurs in organic structural components of the cell is hypothesized to provide a basis for the phenomenon of life. The width of the band gap has been estimated. The possibility of detecting this energy gap in an experimental study is discussed.
description: 3 pages
How to Run Through Walls: Dynamics of Bubble and Soliton Collisions
Creators: name: Giblin, John T.
name: Hui, Lam
name: Lim, Eugene A.
name: Yang, I-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has recently been shown in high resolution numerical simulations that relativistic collisions of bubbles in the context of a multi-vacua potential may lead to the creation of bubbles in a new vacuum. In this paper, we show that scalar fields with only potential interactions behave like free fields during high-speed collisions; the kick received by them in a collision can be deduced simply by a linear superposition of the bubble wall profiles. This process is equivalent to the scattering of solitons in 1+1 dimensions. We deduce an expression for the field excursion (shortly after a collision), which is related simply to the field difference between the parent and bubble vacua, i.e. contrary to expectations, the excursion cannot be made arbitrarily large by raising the collision energy. There is however a minimum energy threshold for this excursion to be realized. We verify these predictions using a number of 3+1 and 1+1 numerical simulations. A rich phenomenology follows from these collision induced excursions - they provide a new mechanism for scanning the landscape, they might end/begin inflation, and they might constitute our very own big bang, leaving behind a potentially observable anisotropy.
description: 15pgs, 14 figures, v2, thanks for the feedbacks
Education Reform: The Effects of School Consolidation on Teachers and Teaching
Creators: name: Barter, Barbara G.
Publisher: name: Alberta Journal of Educational Research
Year: 2015

description: At least as early as the nineteenth century, the two most related approaches to societal improvement have been restructuring and systemic reform. For education, that has meant school closures as well as consolidation of schools and school districts. Although there exists a substantive literature on educational reform there appears to be little discussion on the impact such actions have on schools. This paper briefly describes research on current issues in rural education with a focus on consolidation. The methodology emphasizes teachers’ knowledge of practice and is followed by the findings, which highlight the impact these reforms have on practicing teachers. The argument is made that government reforms have adopted consolidation of schools and districts as a primary strategy for fiscal accountability. This focus singles out economics, while excluding the cultural and social context embedded within schools and central to the communities in which the schools are situated. In this paper, the argument put forth is that consolidation as a single-minded strategy of education reform is an inadequate framework that places teachers’ work and student learning at risk. The accounts of practicing educators speak for using consolidation only where absolutely necessary and maintaining as many small schools as possible. Depuis au moins le 19e siècle, les deux approches visant l’amélioration de la société les plus liées sont la restructuration et la réforme systémique. Dans le domaine dans l’éducation, cela s’est traduit par la fermeture d’écoles et la consolidation d’écoles et de districts scolaires. Malgré la documentation significative portant sur la réforme éducationnelle, peu de discussion semble exister sur l’impact de telles actions sur les écoles. Cet article décrit brièvement la recherche sur les enjeux actuels en éducation rurale et porte une attention particulière à la consolidation. La méthodologie met l’accent sur les connaissances qu’ont les enseignants de la pratique. Les résultats soulignent l’impact de ces réformes sur les enseignants en exercice. On affirme que les réformes gouvernementales ont adopté la consolidation des écoles et des districts comme stratégie principale pour des raisons de responsabilité financière. Cette concentration sur l’économie exclut le contexte culturel et social qu’on retrouve au sein des écoles et qui est intégré aux communautés dans lesquelles se trouvent ces écoles. Cet article maintient que la consolidation comme stratégie résolue en réforme de l’éducation constitue un cadre inadéquat qui met à risque le travail des enseignants et l’apprentissage par les élèves. Les témoignages des enseignants en exercice militent en faveur de maintenir ouvertes autant de petites écoles que possible et de recourir à la consolidation uniquement lorsque cela est absolument nécessaire.
description: Alberta Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 60 No. 4 (2014): Winter: (Theme Issue)
Data structure splicing
Creators: name: Ye, Lyuyu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2019

description: Data structure splicing (DSS) refers to reorganizing data structures by merging or splitting them, reordering fields, inlining pointers, etc. DSS has been used, with demonstrated benefits, to improve spatial locality. When data fields that are accessed together are also collocated in the address space, the utilization of hardware caches improves and cache misses decline. A number of approaches to DSS have been proposed, but each addressed only one or two splicing optimizations (e.g., only splitting or only field reordering) and used an underlying abstraction that could not be extended to include others. Our work proposes a single abstraction, called Data Structure Access Graph (D-SAG), that (a) covers all data-splicing optimizations proposed previously and (b) unlocks new ones. Having a common abstraction has two benefits: (1) It enables us to build a single tool that hosts all DSS optimizations under one roof, eliminating the need to adopt multiple tools. (2) It avoids conflicts: e.g., where one tool suggests to split a data structure in a way that would conflict with another tool’s suggestion to reorder fields. Based on the D-SAG abstraction, we build a toolchain that uses static and dynamic analysis to recommend DSS optimizations to developers. Using this tool, we identify ten benchmarks from the SPEC CPU2017 and PARSEC suites that are amenable to DSS, as well as a workload on RocksDB that stresses its memory table. Restructuring data structures following the tool’s suggestion improves performance by an average of 11% (geomean) and reduces cache misses by an average of 28% (geomean) for seven of these workloads.
Schools that Don’t Close: Possible Places and Spaces for Progressive Teaching, Learning, and Research
Creators: name: Harris, Carol Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Alberta Journal of Educational Research
Year: 2015

description: Small schools and their communities contribute to an important, though threatened, knowledge base. The threat adheres in underlying technologies (conceptual and material) that propel the capitalistic world towards the rationalization of all aspects of human activity. In education, this appears in the consolidation of small schools and ever larger units of organization. From three studies of Newfoundland coastal communities, I describe schools that were deemed to be “necessarily existing.” Because of their isolated location, students from the schools could not be transported to larger centres. While reporting both positive and negative features of actual small, rural schools, I argue against hasty school closures and point, instead, to rural school and community opportunities for “place, voice, and space-based” teaching, learning, and research. Small, rural schools can be pivotal in leading Canadian education from its deeply rooted, market-based ideology to progressive and socially relevant practices that embrace lifelong learning, community involvement, and ecological awareness and action. Les petites écoles et leurs communautés nous fournissent l’occasion d’augmenter notre base de connaissances, mais leur contribution est menacée. La menace provient de technologies sous-jacentes qui propulsent le monde capitaliste vers la rationalisation de tous les aspects de l’activité humaine. Dans le domaine de l’éducation, ce phénomène se manifeste par la consolidation des petites écoles et des unités administratives toujours plus grandes. À partir de trois études portant sur les communautés côtières à Terre-Neuve, je décris trois écoles désignées comme « obligatoirement existantes ». Compte tenu de leur isolement, les élèves des écoles ne pouvaient être transportés vers de plus grands centres. Je présente les aspects positifs et négatifs des petites écoles rurales actuelles, tout en militant contre les fermetures hâtives et en soulignant que les écoles et les communautés rurales sont des lieux qui représentent des occasions d’enseignement, d’apprentissage et de recherche qui reflètent « le lieu, la voix et l’emplacement ». Les petites écoles rurales peuvent jouer un rôle clé pour éloigner le système éducatif canadien de son idéologie de marché bien ancrée et le diriger vers des pratiques progressives et pertinentes sur le plan social qui endossent l’éducation permanente, l’implication communautaire, et une conscience et une action écologiques.
description: Alberta Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 60 No. 4 (2014): Winter: (Theme Issue)
X-Ray Wind Tomography of the highly absorbed HMXB IGR J17252-3616
Creators: name: Manousakis, A.
name: Walter, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our goal is to understand the specificities of highly absorbed sgHMXB and in particular of the companion stellar wind, thought to be responsible for the strong absorption. We have monitored IGR J17252-3616, a highly absorbed system featuring eclipses, with XMM-Newton to study the vari- ability of the column density and of the Fe Kα emission line along the orbit and during the eclipses. We also built a 3D model of the structure of the stellar wind to reproduce the observed variability. We first derived a refined orbital solution built from INTEGRAL, RXTE and XMM data. The XMM monitoring campaign revealed significant variation of intrinsic absorbing column density along the orbit and of the Fe Kα line equivalent width around the eclipses. The origin of the soft X-ray absorption is modeled with an dense and extended hydrodynamical tail, trailing the neutron star. This structure extends along most of the orbit, indicating that the stellar wind is strongly disrupted by the neutron star. The variability of the absorbing column density suggests that the terminal velocity of the wind is smaller (~400 km/s) than observed in classical systems. This can also explain the much stronger density perturbation inferred from the observations. Most of the Fe Kα emission is generated in the most inner region of the hydrodynamical tail. This region, that extends over a few accretion radii, is ionized and does not contribute to the soft X-ray absorption. We have built a qualitative model of the stellar wind of IGR J17252-3616 that can represent the observations and suggest that highly absorbed systems have a lower wind velocity than classical sgHMXB. This proposal could be tested with de- tailed numerical simulations and high-resolution infrared/optical observations. If confirmed, it may turn out that half of the persistent sgHMXB have low stellar wind speeds.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Multivariate saddlepoint approximations in tail probability and conditional inference
Creators: name: Kolassa, John
name: Li, Jixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We extend known saddlepoint tail probability approximations to multivariate cases, including multivariate conditional cases. Our approximation applies to both continuous and lattice variables, and requires the existence of a cumulant generating function. The method is applied to some examples, including a real data set from a case-control study of endometrial cancer. The method contains less terms and is easier to implement than existing methods, while showing an accuracy comparable to those methods.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/09-BEJ237 the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm)
Additional file 1 of Comprehensive network modeling from single cell RNA sequencing of human and mouse reveals well conserved transcription regulation of hematopoiesis
Creators: name: Gao, Shouguo
name: Zhijie Wu
name: Xingmin Feng
name: Kajigaya, Sachiko
name: Xujing Wang
name: Young, Neal S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. (A) Illustration of network essentiality measures and the small world property. (B) Illustration of hierarchical layers and network motifs. bi-fan motif includes four genes (A1, A2, B1 and B2), and is colored with dark green. FFL motif includes three genes (B3, C4 and D4), and is colored with pink. Figure S2. tSNE plots of human (A) and mouse (B) hematopoietic cells, colored by cell types (C) The co-expression subnetwork expressed in lymphoid progenitors (D) The co-expression subnetwork expressed in GMP progenitors Figure S3. (A) Curve of odds ratio for the enrichment of gene pairs in co-expression network in TF perturbation experiment versus all possible TF-TG pairs with different correlation cutoff. (B-G) Curves of odds ratio for the enrichment of gene pairs in co-expression network in annotation in STRING (B-C), FunCorp (D-E) and TTRUST (F-G) versus all possible TF-TG pairs with different correlation cutoff
A Scalable, Self-Analyzing Digital Locking System for use on Quantum Optics Experiments
Creators: name: Sparkes, B. M.
name: Chrzanowski, H. M.
name: Parrain, D. P.
name: Buchler, B. C.
name: Lam, P. K.
name: Symul, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Digital control of optics experiments has many advantages over analog control systems, specifically in terms of scalability, cost, flexibility, and the integration of system information into one location. We present a digital control system, freely available for download online, specifically designed for quantum optics experiments that allows for automatic and sequential re-locking of optical components. We show how the inbuilt locking analysis tools, including a white-noise network analyzer, can be used to help optimize individual locks, and verify the long term stability of the digital system. Finally, we present an example of the benefits of digital locking for quantum optics by applying the code to a specific experiment used to characterize optical Schrodinger cat states.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Enhanced xylitol production using non-detoxified xylose rich pre-hydrolysate from sugarcane bagasse by newly isolated Pichia fermentans
Creators: name: Prabhu, Ashish A.
name: Ekkarin Bosakornranut
name: Amraoui, Yassin
name: Agrawal, Deepti
name: Coulon, Frederic
name: Vivekanand Vivekanand
name: Thakur, Vijay Kumar
name: Kumar, Vinod
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1. Table S1. Coded values of independent variables for Box benkhen design. Table S2. Derringer’s desired function for the optimum value.
Hard X-ray identification of Eta Carinae and steadiness close to periastron
Creators: name: Leyder, Jean-Christophe
name: Walter, Roland
name: Rauw, Gregor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: The colliding-wind binary Eta Car exhibits soft X-ray thermal emission that varies strongly around periastron, and non-thermal emission seen in hard X-rays and gamma-rays. Aims: To definitively identify Eta Car as the source of the hard X-ray emission, to examine how changes in the 2-10 keV band influence changes in the hard X-ray band, and to understand more clearly the mechanisms producing the non-thermal emission using new INTEGRAL observations obtained close to periastron. Methods: A Chandra observation encompassing the ISGRI error circle was analysed, and all other soft X-ray sources (including the outer shell of Eta Car itself) were discarded as likely counter-parts. New hard X-ray images of Eta Car were studied close to periastron, and compared to previous observations far from periastron. Results: The INTEGRAL component, when represented by a power law (with a photon index of 1.8), would produce more emission in the Chandra band than observed from any point source in the ISGRI error circle apart from Eta Car, as long as the hydrogen column density to the ISGRI source is lower than 1E24 cm^{-2}. Such sources are rare, thus the ISGRI emission is very likely to be associated with Eta Car. The eventual contribution of the outer shell to the non-thermal component also remains fairly limited. Close to periastron, a 3-sigma detection is achieved for the hard X-ray emission of Eta Car, with a flux similar to the average value far from periastron. Conclusions: Assuming a single absorption component for both the thermal and non-thermal sources, this detection can be explained with a hydrogen column density that does not exceed 6E23 cm^{-2} without resorting to an intrinsic increase in the hard X-ray emission. The energy injected in hard X-rays (averaged over a month) appears rather constant as close as a few stellar radii, well within the acceleration region of the wind.
description: 9 pages with 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
A signature of anisotropic bubble collisions
Creators: name: Salem, Michael P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our universe may have formed via bubble nucleation in an eternally-inflating background. Furthermore, the background may have a compact dimension---the modulus of which tunnels out of a metastable minimum during bubble nucleation---which subsequently grows to become one of our three large spatial dimensions. When in this scenario our bubble universe collides with other ones like it, the collision geometry is constrained by the reduced symmetry of the tunneling instanton. While the regions affected by such bubble collisions still appear (to leading order) as disks in an observer's sky, the centers of these disks all lie on a single great circle, providing a distinct signature of anisotropic bubble nucleation.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures; v2: crucial error corrected, conclusions revised
Multi-Lepton Events at HERA
Creators: name: South, David M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analysis of events containing multiple high Pt leptons (electrons and muons) produced in ep collisions has been performed with the H1 and ZEUS detectors at HERA, using the full data sets collected by the experiments in the period 1994-2007. Mutually exclusive event topologies containing at least two charged leptons are analysed. The H1 and ZEUS data, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of about 1 fb^-1, are combined in a common phase space. The observed event yields are compared to the predictions from the Standard Model. In general a good agreement is found, where the expectation is dominated by photon-photon collisions. Interesting events at high mass and high Pt are observed by both experiments. The total and differential cross sections for multi-lepton production at HERA are also measured.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, 2 PoS files. Conference proceedings of talk given at the 35th International Conference of High Energy Physics (ICHEP2010), Paris, July 22-28, 2010
The Luminosity Function of the NoSOCS Galaxy Cluster Sample
Creators: name: De Filippis, E.
name: Paolillo, M.
name: Longo, G.
name: La Barbera, F.
name: de Carvalho, R. R.
name: Gal, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of the luminosity function of a large sample of galaxy clusters from the Northern Sky Optical Cluster Survey, using latest data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Our global luminosity function (down to M_r<= -16) does not show the presence of an upturn at faint magnitudes, while we do observe a strong dependence of its shape on both richness and cluster-centric radius, with a brightening of M^* and an increase of the dwarf to giant ratio with richness, indicating that more massive systems are more efficient in creating/retaining a population of dwarf satellites. This is observed both within physical (0.5 R_200) and fixed (0.5 Mpc) apertures, suggesting that the trend is either due to a global effect, operating at all scales, or to a local one but operating on even smaller scales. We further observe a decrease of the relative number of dwarf galaxies towards the cluster center; this is most probably due to tidal collisions or collisional disruption of the dwarfs since merging processes are inhibited by the high velocity dispersions in cluster cores and, furthermore, we do not observe a strong dependence of the bright end on the environment. We find indication that the dwarf to giant ratio decreases with increasing redshift, within 0.07
description: 16 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Weyl and Majorana Spinors as Pure Goldstone Bosons
Creators: name: Fabbri, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General spinors in polar form display a structure that is made up by real scalar degrees of freedom plus six components which can be recognized as Goldstone bosons: in the present paper we show that of all singular spinors, Weyl and Majorana spinors have no real degree of freedom and so that they can be interpreted as pure Goldstone states.
description: 8 pages
Risk-based Design of Regular Plane Frames Subject to Damage by Abnormal Events: a Conceptual Study
Creators: name: Beck, Andre T.
name: Ribeiro, Lucas da Rosa
name: Valdebenito, Marcos
name: Jensen, Hector
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Constructed facilities should be robust with respect to the loss of load-bearing elements due to abnormal events. Yet, strengthening structures to withstand such damage has a significant impact on construction costs. Strengthening costs should be justified by the threat and should result in smaller expected costs of progressive collapse. In regular frame structures, beams and columns compete for the strengthening budget. In this paper, we present a risk-based formulation to address the optimal design of regular plane frames under element loss conditions. We address the threat probabilities for which strengthening has better cost-benefit than usual design, for different frame configurations, and study the impacts of strengthening extent and cost. The risk-based optimization reveals optimum points of compromise between competing failure modes: local bending of beams, local crushing of columns, and global pancake collapse, for frames of different aspect ratios. The conceptual study is based on a simple analytical model for progressive collapse, but it provides relevant insight for the design and strengthening of real structures.
description: 36 pages 12 figures
Intelligent Collective Escape of Swarm Robots Based on a Novel Fish-inspired Self-adaptive Approach with Neurodynamic Models
Creators: name: Li, Junfei
name: Yang, Simon X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Fish schools present high-efficiency group behaviors through simple individual interactions to collective migration and dynamic escape from the predator. The school behavior of fish is usually a good inspiration to design control architecture for swarm robots. In this paper, a novel fish-inspired self-adaptive approach is proposed for collective escape for the swarm robots. In addition, a bio-inspired neural network (BINN) is introduced to generate collision-free escape robot trajectories through the combination of attractive and repulsive forces. Furthermore, to cope with dynamic environments, a neurodynamics-based self-adaptive mechanism is proposed to improve the self-adaptive performance of the swarm robots in the changing environment. Similar to fish escape maneuvers, simulation and experimental results show that the swarm robots are capable of collectively leaving away from the threats. Several comparison studies demonstrated that the proposed approach can significantly improve the effectiveness and efficiency of system performance, and the flexibility and robustness in complex environments.
description: This article is accepted for publication in a future issue of IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
title: Ð¦Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ° ÑÐ¸Ð³Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð° Ð² Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾-Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ»Ðµ ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ°
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Digital signal processing in fiber optic current meter
Creators: name: Ð§Ð¶Ð°Ð½ Ð¦Ð·ÑÐ½ÑÐ¸Ð½
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2021
Subjects: Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾-Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð´Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ðº ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ°
ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ° ÑÐ¸Ð³Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð²
Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð½Ð¾Ð·Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ¸Ð³Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð°
Ð»Ð¸Ð½ÐµÐ¹Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÑÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ
ÑÐ¸Ð»ÑÑÑ ÐÐ°Ð»Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð°
ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ¸Ð³Ð½Ð°Ð»-ÑÑÐ¼
fiber optic current sensor
digital signal processing
predictive signal
linear prediction
Kalman filter
signal-to-noise ratio

description: Ð­ÑÐ° ÑÑÐ°ÑÑÑ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð½ÑÐ¼ Ð´Ð°ÑÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¾Ð¼ ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ° Ð¸ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ ÑÐ¸Ð³Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð² Ð² Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¼ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ»Ðµ ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ°. ÐÐ¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾ Ð½ÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð»ÑÐºÐ¾ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð² Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð½Ð¾Ð·Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ¸Ð³Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð², ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº Ð»Ð¸Ð½ÐµÐ¹Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð½Ð¾Ð·Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¸ ÑÐ¸Ð»ÑÑÑ ÐÐ°Ð»Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð°. ÐÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸Ð½ÐµÐ¹Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð½Ð¾Ð·Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑÐ¸Ð»ÑÑÑÐ° ÐÐ°Ð»Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð° ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ MATLAB, Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÐµÐºÑÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ ÑÐ¸Ð³Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð½Ð¾Ð·Ð¸ÑÑÐµÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÑ.
description: This article introduces the optical fiber current sensor and the digital signal processing in the optical fiber current meter. Several methods of predicting signals are described, such as linear prediction and Kalman filter. The performance of linear prediction and Kalman filter is compared through MATLAB programming, and the performance of current signal is predicted in the presence of interference.
DETERMINANTS OF MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES
Creators: name: BERIHU GIDAY
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2017

description: It is generally accepted  that  Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) have significant
contribution to  job  creating, generating income, and  poverty  alleviation. However, the
performance of MSEs in Godere Woreda is low. So, this study was done  to investigate the
determinants of MSEs  performance in Godere Woreda using  descriptive statistics and
econometric model of multiple linear regressions. Both primary and secondary data were also
employed in getting the necessary information for the analysis of the study. A total of 260
sample respondents were identified using multiple stage  sampling technique. The result of
the study shows that  the majority of the MSEs have been a recent establishment and faced
challenges of inadequate startup capital, government policies and regulation related factors,
limited infrastructure facility, unfair competition, lack of training, limited access to credit,
and  lack of know-how and skills to use technology. Furthermore, the study also noted that
most of the operators were found to be young labor force of male operators with educational
qualification of high school or less.
The result of linear regression analysis shows that out of twelve determinant variables, age of
the operator, age of the enterprise, access to credit, amount of initial capital, level of market
competition, government policies and regulation, access to training, gender of the operator,
use of modern technology, and access to market  factors  revealed statically significant to
affect performance of MSEs. Therefore, attention should be given by  the policy makers and
other concerned bodies to develop supportive programs and corrective measures to ease the
constraints and difficulties facing performance of MSEs.