cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lorcaserin and pimavanserin: emerging selectivity of serotonin receptor subtype–targeted drugs
Creators: name: Meltzer, Herbert Y.
name: Roth, Bryan L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) receptors mediate a plethora of physiological phenomena in the brain and the periphery. Additionally, serotonergic dysfunction has been implicated in nearly every neuropsychiatric disorder. The effects of serotonin are mediated by fourteen GPCRs. Both the therapeutic actions and side effects of commonly prescribed drugs are frequently due to nonspecific actions on various 5-HT receptor subtypes. For more than 20 years, the search for clinically efficacious drugs that selectively target 5-HT receptor subtypes has been only occasionally successful. This review provides an overview of 5-HT receptor pharmacology and discusses two recent 5-HT receptor subtype–selective drugs, lorcaserin and pimavanserin, which target the 5HT2C and 5HT2A receptors and provide new treatments for obesity and Parkinson’s disease psychosis, respectively.
Non-Hermiticity: a new paradigm for model building in particle physics
Creators: name: Millington, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Hermitian quantum theories have been applied in many other areas of physics. In this note, I will briefly review recent developments in the formulation of non-Hermitian quantum field theories, highlighting features that are unique compared to Hermitian theories. I will touch upon their crucial discrete symmetries and how continuous symmetry properties are borne out, including Noether's theorem, the Goldstone theorem and the Englert-Brout-Higgs mechanism. As examples, I will describe a non-Hermitian supersymmetric theory, and draw attention to non-Hermitian deformations of (scalar) QED, the Higgs-Yukawa theory and flavour oscillations, with potential implications for non-Hermitian model building in the neutrino sector. Together, these results pave the way for a systematic programme for building non-Hermitian extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics.
description: 6 pages; PoS format; to match version submitted to the proceedings of EPS-HEP 2021, held online 26-30 July 2021, and hosted by Universit\"at Hamburg and DESY
Exponential Fermi Acceleration in a Switching Billiard
Creators: name: Karagulyan, Davit
name: Zhou, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37N05, 37C83, 37D05

description: In this paper we show an infinite measure set of exponentially escaping orbits for a resonant Fermi accelerator, which is realised as a square billiard with a periodically oscillating platform. We use normal forms to describe how the energy changes in a period and we employ techniques for hyperbolic systems with singularities to show the exponential drift of these normal forms on a divided time-energy phase.
Geospatial Anarchy: Managing datasets the Open Source way
Creators: name: Sveen, Atle Frenvik
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2018

description: OpenStreetMap (OSM) is the largest and best-known example of geospatial data creation using Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI). A large group of non-specialists joins their efforts online to create an open, worldwide map of the world. The project differs from traditional management of geospatial data on several accounts: both the underlying technology (Open Source components) and the mindset (schema-less structures using tags and changesets). We review how traditional organizations are currently using the OSM technology to meet their needs and how the mindset of OSM could be employed to traditional management of spatial datasets as well.
description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 15 No 28 (2016): Special issue related to the yearly conference, Kortdage
An 8.0\% Determination of the Baryon Fraction in the Intergalactic Medium from Localized Fast Radio Bursts
Creators: name: Wang, Bao
name: Wei, Jun-Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dispersion measure (DM)--redshift relation of fast radio bursts (FRBs) has been proposed as a potential new tool for probing intergalactic medium (IGM) and for studying cosmology. However, the poor knowledge of the baryon fraction in the IGM ($f_{\mathrm{IGM}}$) and its degeneracy with cosmological parameters impose restrictions on the cosmological applications of FRBs. Furthermore, DMs contributed by the IGM ($\mathrm{DM_{IGM}}$) and host galaxy ($\mathrm{DM_{host}}$), important cosmological quantities, cannot be exactly extracted from observations, which would bring uncontrolled systematic uncertainties in FRB cosmology. In this work, we use seventeen localized FRBs to constrain $f_{\mathrm{IGM}}$ and its possible redshift evolution. Other cosmological probes such as type Ia supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations, and cosmic microwave background radiation are combined to break parameter degeneracy. Taking into account the probability distributions of $\mathrm{DM_{IGM}}$ and $\mathrm{DM_{host}}$ derived from the the IllustrisTNG simulation, we obtain a robust measurement of $f_{\mathrm{IGM}}=0.927\pm0.075$, representing a precision of 8.0\%. We find that there is no strong evidence for the redshift dependence of $f_{\mathrm{IGM}}$ at the current observational data level. The rapid progress in localizing FRBs will significantly improve the constraints on $f_{\mathrm{IGM}}$.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. Updated to match the published version
Proof-Carrying Parameters in Certified Symbolic Execution: The Case Study of Antiunification
Creators: name: Arusoaie, Andrei
name: Lucanu, Dorel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Symbolic execution uses various algorithms (matching, (anti)unification), whose executions are parameters for proof object generation. This paper proposes a generic method for generating proof objects for such parameters. We present in detail how our method works for the case of antiunification. The approach is accompanied by an implementation prototype, including a proof object generator and a proof object checker. In order to investigate the size of the proof objects, we generate and check proof objects for inputs inspired from the K definitions of C and Java.
description: In Proceedings FROM 2022, arXiv:2209.09208
Beat-frequency-resolved two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy: disentangling vibrational coherences in artificial fluorescent proteins with sub-10-fs visible laser pulses
Creators: name: Tsubouchi, Masaaki
name: Ishii, Nobuhisa
name: Kagotani, Yuji
name: Shimizu, Rumi
name: Fujita, Takatoshi
name: Adachi, Motoyasu
name: Itakura, Ryuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a beat-frequency-resolved analysis for two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy using a high-speed and stable 2D electronic spectrometer and few-cycle visible laser pulses to disentangle the vibrational coherences in an artificial fluorescent protein. We develop a highly stable ultrashort light source that generates 5.3-fs visible pulses with a pulse energy of 4.7 uJ at a repetition rate of 10 kHz using multi-plate pulse compression and laser filamentation in a gas cell. The above-5.3-fs laser pulses together with a high-speed multichannel detector enable us to measure a series of 2D electronic spectra, which are resolved in terms of beat frequency related to vibrational coherence. We successfully extract the discrete vibrational peaks behind the inhomogeneous broadening in the absorption spectra and the vibrational quantum beats of the excited electronic state behind the strong stationary signal in the typical 2D electronic spectra.
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 6 (69)]
Creators: name: De Horrigonibus, Jacobus
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1428
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Jacobus de Horrigonibus, Sohn des verstorbenen Beltramus, wohnhaft in Pavia an der Porta St. Johannis in der Gemeinde St. Michaelis Maioris, schenkt den Armen, die im Hospital St. Antonii von [Cassina] Valsassina leben, drei Stück Land, gelegen in Barzio, gehörig zur plebs von Cassina Valsassina, an einem Ort, genannt ad Barsum.
Longitudinal Ekstensif Transvers Miyelit ile Kliniğe Yansıyan bir COVID-19 Olgusunun Prognostik Süreci
Creators: name: Sevki Sahin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: AMAÇ Koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19) ile ilişkili nörolojik tutulum ortalama %34 oranında raporlanmaktadır. Bunlardan en sıkları anosmi ve baş ağrısı olup miyelit ise en nadir komplikasyonlarından biridir. SARS-CoV-2 santral ve periferik sinir sistemine olfaktör bulbustan direkt nöronal yol ile, kan-beyin bariyerinde (KBB) bulunan anjiyotensin-converting enzim 2 (ACE-2) üzerinden veya enfekte lökositlerle KBB’yi geçerek yayılmaktadır. Burada longitudinal ekstensif transvers miyelit (LETM) ile prezente olan bir COVID-19 olgusu sunulmuş olup virüsün yayılım yolunun aydınlatılmasının hasta prognozuna olan etkisi klinik ve radyolojik bulgular eşliğinde tartışılmıştır. OLGU Bilinen tip 2 diyabet ve hipertansiyonu olan 68 yaşındaki erkek hasta acil servise birkaç gün içerisinde gelişen tüm ekstremitelerde kuvvetsizlik şikayeti ile başvurdu. Nörolojik muayenede kuadripleji ve T5 torakal vertebra altında seviye veren duyu kusuru mevcuttu. Beyin manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) normal, kan biyokimyasında: ferritin 4700 ng/ml, CRP 30 mg/L idi. MRG’de servikal bölgede beş segment uzunluğunda kontrast tutulumu olan hiperintens lezyon ve retrofarengeal alanda diffüz hiperintensite görüldü (Resim 1). Resim 1. A: Retrofarengeal lenfoid doku hipertrofisi, B: Medulla spinaliste C2-6 arası miyelit ile uyumlu görüntü.  Ekokardiyografisi, elektromiyografisi, oligoklonal bandı, tümör biyobelirteçleri ve serum NMO antikoru normal sonuçlanan hastanın lomber ponksiyon incelemesinde beyin omurilik sıvısında (BOS) protein 121 mg/L bulundu. Metilprednizolon 1g/gün i.v. tedavisi sonrası 2. günde sol bacak kuvveti 2/5’e yükseldi. Aynı gün solunum sıkıntısı gelişen hastadan alınan nazofarengeal sürüntü ve BOS’tan çalışılan COVID-19 PCR sonuçları pozitif geldi. Saturasyonu düşen hasta entübe edildi. Hastaya 5 seans, gün aşırı plazmaferez uygulandı. Hasta plazmaferezin bitişinden 2 gün sonra nörolojik bulgularında düzelme olmaksızın kardiyopulmoner arrest sonrası kaybedildi. TARTIŞMA-SONUÇ COVID-19’da nadir bir klinik olan LETM patogenezi henüz net değildir. Spinal glial hücrelerde ACE-2 reseptörünün bulunması sebepli direkt invazyon, sistemik inflamatuar yanıta sekonder immün aracılı nöronal hasar veya moleküler benzerlik kaynaklı otoimmün mekanizmaların rol aldığı düşünülmektedir. SARS-CoV-2 kaynaklı nörolojik komplikasyonların gelişim mekanizmasına bağlı olarak tedavi yanıtları değişebilmektedir. Retrofarengeal alan gibi bulbusa yakın anatomik komşulukta tutulumu olan hastalarda, virüsün spinal kordun yanı sıra beyin sapına da direkt yayılımla ilerlemesi olasıdır. Bu komplikasyonlarda plazmaferez gibi ileri tedavi seçenekleri çoğu hastada olumlu sonuçlar verirken olası direkt yayılımın rol oynadığı olgularda iyi prognoza katkı sağlamayabileceği göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.
MerTK inhibition in tumor leukocytes decreases tumor growth and metastasis
Creators: name: Redente, Elizabeth
name: Sandahl, Melissa
name: Strunk, Karen E.
name: Stanford, Jamie
name: Earp, H. Shelton
name: Hunter, Debra M.
name: Wofford, Anne M.
name: Cook, Rebecca S.
name: Prieto, Anne L.
name: Graham, Douglas K.
name: DeRyckere, Deborah
name: Jacobsen, Kristen M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: MerTK, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) of the TYRO3/AXL/MerTK family, is expressed in myeloid lineage cells in which it acts to suppress proinflammatory cytokines following ingestion of apoptotic material. Using syngeneic mouse models of breast cancer, melanoma, and colon cancer, we found that tumors grew slowly and were poorly metastatic in MerTK–/– mice. Transplantation of MerTK–/– bone marrow, but not wild-type bone marrow, into lethally irradiated MMTV-PyVmT mice (a model of metastatic breast cancer) decreased tumor growth and altered cytokine production by tumor CD11b+ cells. Although MerTK expression was not required for tumor infiltration by leukocytes, MerTK–/– leukocytes exhibited lower tumor cell–induced expression of wound healing cytokines, e.g., IL-10 and growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6), and enhanced expression of acute inflammatory cytokines, e.g., IL-12 and IL-6. Intratumoral CD8+ T lymphocyte numbers were higher and lymphocyte proliferation was increased in tumor-bearing MerTK–/– mice compared with tumor-bearing wild-type mice. Antibody-mediated CD8+ T lymphocyte depletion restored tumor growth in MerTK–/– mice. These data demonstrate that MerTK signaling in tumor-associated CD11b+ leukocytes promotes tumor growth by dampening acute inflammatory cytokines while inducing wound healing cytokines. These results suggest that inhibition of MerTK in the tumor microenvironment may have clinical benefit, stimulating antitumor immune responses or enhancing immunotherapeutic strategies.
Viscous hydrodynamics for strongly anisotropic expansion
Creators: name: Heinz, Ulrich W.
name: Bazow, Dennis
name: Strickland, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new formulation of second-order viscous hydrodynamics, based on an expansion around a locally anisotropic momentum distribution, is presented. It generalizes the previously developed formalism of anisotropic hydrodynamics (aHydro) to include a complete set of dissipative currents for which equations of motion are derived by solving the Boltzmann equation in the 14-moment approximation. By solving the vaHydro equations for a transversally homogeneous, longitudinally boost-invariant system ((0+1)-dimensional expansion) and comparing with the exact solution of the Boltzmann equation in relaxation-time approximation we show that vaHydro performs much better than all other known second-order viscous hydrodynamic approximations.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure. Talk presented at Quark Matter 2014, 19-24 May 2014, Darmstadt, Germany
Why interpretation matters for BSM searches: a case study with Heavy Neutral Leptons at ATLAS
Creators: name: Tastet, Jean-Loup
name: Ruchayskiy, Oleg
name: Timiryasov, Inar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments searching for Heavy Neutral Leptons (HNLs) typically interpret their results within simplified models consisting of a single HNL coupled to a single lepton flavor. However, any model which aims to describe neutrino oscillations necessarily features more than one HNL, coupled to several flavors. As we show in this work, the reinterpretation of the results of experimental searches in terms of realistic models is a non-trivial task. We perform a detailed reinterpretation of the latest ATLAS search for prompt HNLs in W decays within a minimal low-scale seesaw with two HNLs. We show that the exclusion limits obtained using the detailed reinterpretation can differ by several orders of magnitude from the limits quoted for the simplified models. Hence naively comparing the mixing angles from a realistic model to the reported limits could lead to wrongly excluding entire regions of parameter space! To overcome this issue without requiring experiments to report constraints on all possible HNL models, we propose a simple framework that allows one to easily and accurately reinterpret exclusion limits within closely-related models. We outline a number of concrete steps that can be taken by experiments to implement this method with minimal effort, and we discuss its applicability to other models of feebly interacting particles.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, contribution to the proceedings of the European Physical Society conference on high energy physics 2021 (EPS-HEP2021), July 26-30 2021, online
Data som krumtap i velfærdsudvikling
Creators: name: Andersen, Astrid
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2018

description: Der er brug for formidling af data og evidens i det postfaktuelle samfund. Data udgør en modpol til den politiske virkelighed, hvor alt er relativt, og hvor data overses som basis for argumentation. Samtidig vil kommunerne få svært ved at overleve som rentable virksomheder, hvis man ikke bruger data og datadreven innovation. At overleve og udvikle sig som kommune vil i fremtiden kræve at strategiske beslutninger træffes på baggrund af data – og kræver derfor også at ledelsen viser interesse for brug af disse data. Derfor er det vigtigt at få kommunikeret og formidlet de data og den ledelsesinformation, som (bør) ligge til grund for mange af de beslutninger, der bliver truffet. Formidlingen af disse data er en nødvendighed og et vilkår for at (for)blive en datadreven virksomhed i et politisk styret samfund – og i særdeleshed kan det gøre stor nytte i bevægelsen mod det postfaktuelle samfund.
description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 15 No 28 (2016): Special issue related to the yearly conference, Kortdage
MERTK receptor tyrosine kinase is a therapeutic target in melanoma
Creators: name: Graham, Douglas K.
name: Tentler, John J.
name: Earp, H. Shelton
name: Frye, Stephen V.
name: Winges, Amanda
name: Zhang, Weihe
name: Carson, Craig C.
name: Moschos, Stergios J.
name: Nikolaishvili-Feinberg, Nana
name: Sather, Susan
name: Miller, C. Ryan
name: Eckhardt, S. Gail
name: Duncan, Lyn M.
name: Schlegel, Jennifer
name: Hamilton, Ronald L.
name: Shields, Janiel M.
name: Kuan, Pei-Fen
name: Yang, Chao
name: Liu, Jing
name: Midkiff, Bentley R.
name: Tan, Aik-Choon
name: Trembath, Dimitri G.
name: Sambade, Maria J.
name: DeRyckere, Deborah
name: Wang, Xiaodong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Metastatic melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of cutaneous cancers. Although recent therapeutic advances have prolonged patient survival, the prognosis remains dismal. C-MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MERTK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase with oncogenic properties that is often overexpressed or activated in various malignancies. Using both protein immunohistochemistry and microarray analyses, we demonstrate that MERTK expression correlates with disease progression. MERTK expression was highest in metastatic melanomas, followed by primary melanomas, while the lowest expression was observed in nevi. Additionally, over half of melanoma cell lines overexpressed MERTK compared with normal human melanocytes; however, overexpression did not correlate with mutations in BRAF or RAS. Stimulation of melanoma cells with the MERTK ligand GAS6 resulted in the activation of several downstream signaling pathways including MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, and JAK/STAT. MERTK inhibition via shRNA reduced MERTK-mediated downstream signaling, reduced colony formation by up to 59%, and diminished tumor volume by 60% in a human melanoma murine xenograft model. Treatment of melanoma cells with UNC1062, a novel MERTK-selective small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, reduced activation of MERTK-mediated downstream signaling, induced apoptosis in culture, reduced colony formation in soft agar, and inhibited invasion of melanoma cells. This work establishes MERTK as a therapeutic target in melanoma and provides a rationale for the continued development of MERTK-targeted therapies.
Smart Cities og det internationale standardiseringsarbejde
Creators: name: Bodum, Lars
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2018

description: Når planlæggere og politikere taler om smarte byer, så bruger de som regel tillægsord såsom bæredygtig og klimatilpasset. Grønne byer og sunde mobilitetsløsninger. De drømmer om data i stride strømme og indsigt i borgernes gøren og laden. Men inden udviklingen bringer os dertil, så er det vigtigt at diskutere og vedtage de standarder, der skal gælde for den smarte by og dem der bruger den og bor i den. Både i regi af Den Internationale Organisation for Standardisering (ISO) og Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) arbejdes der med standarder for smarte byer og forskellige forslag til opbygning af en ny datainfrastruktur for smarte byer. Denne artikel giver et overblik over de forskellige initiativer og projekter, der er i gang på området
description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 15 No 28 (2016): Special issue related to the yearly conference, Kortdage
Computing maximal copies of polytopes contained in a polytope
Creators: name: Firsching, Moritz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 52C17, 51M20, 90C30

description: Kepler (1619) and Croft (1980) have considered largest homothetic copies of one regular polytope contained in another regular polytope. For arbitrary pairs of polytopes we propose to model this as a quadratically constrained optimization problem. These problems can then be solved numerically; in case the optimal solutions are algebraic, exact optima can be recovered by solving systems of equations to very high precision and then using integer relation algorithms. Based on this approach, we complete Croft's solution to the problem concerning maximal inclusions of regular three-dimensional polyhedra by describing inclusions for the six remaining cases.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 6 (70)]
Creators: name: Johannes
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1428
Subjects: subject: Sonstige geistliche Aussteller
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Der Dominikaner Johannes de Fauentia, Prior der Domus und der Kirche St. Mariae de Gratiis de Portu im Bistum Verona und commissarius generalis des Dominikanerordens, erteilt dem Vincentius de Cipellis, Abt des Benediktinerklosters St. Thomae in Cremona sowie Vicarius des Bischofs Venturino de Marni von Cremona, die Erlaubnis zur Auswahl und Ernennung von Priestern sowie zur Erteilung der Absolution.
Spectral flow and string correlators in AdS$_3\times S^3 \times T^4$
Creators: name: Iguri, Sergio
name: Kovensky, Nicolas
name: Toro, Julian H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider three-point correlation functions for superstrings propagating in AdS$_3\times S^3 \times T^4$. In the RNS formalism, these generically involve correlators with current insertions. When vertex operators with non-trivial spectral flow charges are present, their complicated OPEs with the currents imply that standard methods can not be used to compute such correlators. Here we develop novel techniques for computing all $m$-basis correlators of the supersymmetric model. We then show how, in some cases, these results can be translated to the $x$-basis. We obtain a new family of holographic three-point functions involving spacetime chiral primaries living in spectrally flowed sectors of the worldsheet CFT. These match precisely the predictions from the holographic dual at the symmetric product orbifold point. Finally, we also consider long strings and compute the probability amplitude associated with the process describing the emission/absorption of fundamental string quanta.
description: v2: typos corrected, minor improvements to the presentation. Version published in JHEP
Nanoparticle clearance is governed by Th1/Th2 immunity and strain background
Creators: name: Chen, Kai
name: Perry, Jillian L.
name: DeSimone, Joseph M.
name: Bear, James E.
name: Napier, Mary E.
name: Robbins, Gregory R.
name: Jones, Stephen W.
name: Ting, Jenny P.Y.
name: Roberts, Reid A.
name: Kai, Marc P.
name: Bo, Tao
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Extended circulation of nanoparticles in blood is essential for most clinical applications. Nanoparticles are rapidly cleared by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). Approaches such as grafting polyethylene glycol onto particles (PEGylation) extend circulation times; however, these particles are still cleared, and the processes involved in this clearance remain poorly understood. Here, we present an intravital microscopy–based assay for the quantification of nanoparticle clearance, allowing us to determine the effect of mouse strain and immune system function on particle clearance. We demonstrate that mouse strains that are prone to Th1 immune responses clear nanoparticles at a slower rate than Th2-prone mice. Using depletion strategies, we show that both granulocytes and macrophages participate in the enhanced clearance observed in Th2-prone mice. Macrophages isolated from Th1 strains took up fewer particles in vitro than macrophages from Th2 strains. Treating macrophages from Th1 strains with cytokines to differentiate them into M2 macrophages increased the amount of particle uptake. Conversely, treating macrophages from Th2 strains with cytokines to differentiate them into M1 macrophages decreased their particle uptake. Moreover, these results were confirmed in human monocyte–derived macrophages, suggesting that global immune regulation has a significant impact on nanoparticle clearance in humans.
MEGADES: MEGARA Galaxy Discs Evolution Survey. Data Release I: central fields
Creators: name: Chamorro-Cazorla, M.
name: de Paz, A. Gil
name: Castillo-Morales, A.
name: Gallego, J.
name: Carrasco, E.
name: Iglesias-Páramo, J.
name: García-Vargas, M. L.
name: Pascual, S.
name: Cardiel, N.
name: Catalán-Torrecilla, C.
name: Zamorano, J.
name: Sánchez-Blázquez, P.
name: Pérez-Calpena, A.
name: Gómez-Álvarez, P.
name: Jiménez-Vicente, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main interest of the Science Team for the exploitation of the MEGARA instrument at the 10.4m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC hereafter) is devoted to the study of nearby galaxies, with focus on the research of the history of star formation, and chemical and kinematical properties of disc systems. We refer to this project as MEGADES: MEGARA Galaxy Discs Evolution Survey. The initial goal of MEGADES is to provide a detailed study of the inner regions of nearby disc galaxies, both in terms of their spectrophotometric and chemical evolution, and their dynamical characterisation, by disentangling the contribution of in-situ and ex-situ processes to the history of star formation and effective chemical enrichment of these regions. In addition, the dynamical analysis of these inner regions naturally includes the identification and characterization of galactic winds potentially present in these regions. At a later stage, we will extend this study further out in galactocentric distance. The first stage of this project encompasses the analysis of the central regions of a total of 43 nearby galaxies observed with the MEGARA Integral Field Unit for 114 hours, including both Guaranteed Time and Open Time observations. In this paper we provide a set of all the processed data products available to the community and early results from the analysis of these data regarding stellar continuum, ionized and neutral gas features.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Combining Land Subsidence and Geology for Improved Coastal Climate Adaptation
Creators: name: Sorensen, Carlo
name: Broge, Niels Henrik
name: Mølgaard, Mads Robenhagen
name: Levinsen, Joanna Fredenslund
name: Okkels, Nik
name: Knudsen, Per
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2018

description: Land subsidence is mapped over two Danish coastal study locations from precision leveling and modified Sentinel-1 satellite data. Geological models are produced after digitization of geotechnical archives. The inferred subsidence patterns are related to the geology and advantages of bringing this information together in flood risk assessments and in climate adaptation are discussed. The lack of data for subsidence monitoring and a fragmentation of geotechnical information are considered a hindrance to optimal adaptation measures in Denmark. A national subsidence mapping to gain an overview of the challenges faced is advocated. A simple decision support system can implement subsidence and geotechnical information in coastal climate adaptation to the benefit of municipalities and other relevant stakeholders.
description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 15 No 28 (2016): Special issue related to the yearly conference, Kortdage
The Mayer series of the Lennard-Jones gas: improved bounds for the convergence radius
Creators: name: de Lima, Bernardo N. B.
name: Procacci, Aldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a lower bound for the convergence radius of the Mayer series of the Lennard-Jones gas which strongly improves on the classical bound obtained by Penrose and Ruelle 1963. To obtain this result we use an alternative estimate recently proposed by Morais et al. (J. Stat. Phys. 2014) for a restricted class of stable and tempered pair potentials (namely those which can be written as the sum of a non-negative potential plus an absolutely integrable and stable potential) combined with a method developed by Locatelli and Schoen (J. Glob. Optim. 2002) for establishing a lower bound for the minimal interatomic distance between particles interacting via a Morse potential in a cluster of minimum-energy configurations.
p16INK4a protects against dysfunctional telomere–induced ATR-dependent DNA damage responses
Creators: name: Wang, Yang
name: Chang, Sandy
name: Sharpless, Norman
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Dysfunctional telomeres limit cellular proliferative capacity by activating the p53-p21– and p16INK4a-Rb–dependent DNA damage responses (DDRs). The p16INK4a tumor suppressor accumulates in aging tissues, is a biomarker for cellular senescence, and limits stem cell function in vivo. While the activation of a p53-dependent DDR by dysfunctional telomeres has been well documented in human cells and mouse models, the role for p16INK4a in response to telomere dysfunction remains unclear. Here, we generated protection of telomeres 1b p16–/– mice (Pot1bΔ/Δ;p16–/–) to address the function of p16INK4a in the setting of telomere dysfunction in vivo. We found that deletion of p16INK4a accelerated organ impairment and observed functional defects in highly proliferative organs, including the hematopoietic system, small intestine, and testes. Pot1bΔ/Δ;p16–/– hematopoietic cells exhibited increased telomere loss, increased chromosomal fusions, and telomere replication defects. p16INK4a deletion enhanced the activation of the ATR-dependent DDR in Pot1bΔ/Δ hematopoietic cells, leading to p53 stabilization, increased p21-dependent cell cycle arrest, and elevated p53-dependent apoptosis. In contrast to p16INK4a, deletion of p21 did not activate ATR, rescued proliferative defects in Pot1bΔ/Δ hematopoietic cells, and significantly increased organismal lifespan. Our results provide experimental evidence that p16INK4a exerts protective functions in proliferative cells bearing dysfunctional telomeres.
Solutions to the MiniBooNE Anomaly from New Physics in Charged Meson Decays
Creators: name: Dutta, Bhaskar
name: Kim, Doojin
name: Thompson, Adrian
name: Thornton, Remington T.
name: Van de Water, Richard G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out that production of new bosons by charged meson decays can greatly enhance the sensitivity of beam-focused accelerator-based experiments to new physics signals. This enhancement arises since the charged mesons are focused and their three-body decays do not suffer from helicity suppression in the same way as their usual two-body decays. As a realistic application, we attempt to explain the MiniBooNE low energy excess utilizing this overlooked mechanism, uniquely realizing dark-sector interpretations as plausible solutions to the excess. As proof of the principle, we consider two well-motivated classes of dark-sector models, models of vector-portal dark matter and models of long-lived (pseudo)scalar. We argue that the model parameter values to accommodate the excess are consistent with existing limits and that they can be tested at current and future accelerator-based neutrino experiments.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, Journal submission version
Platelet ITAM signaling is critical for vascular integrity in inflammation
Creators: name: Bergmeier, Wolfgang
name: Kahn, Mark L.
name: Cholka, Agnieszka
name: Ware, Jerry
name: Stolla, Moritz
name: Boulaftali, Yacine
name: Hess, Paul R.
name: Owens, A. Phillip
name: Getz, Todd M.
name: Mackman, Nigel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Platelets play a critical role in maintaining vascular integrity during inflammation, but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here we report that platelet immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motif (ITAM) signaling, but not GPCR signaling, is critical for the prevention of inflammation-induced hemorrhage. To generate mice with partial or complete defects in these signaling pathways, we developed a protocol for adoptive transfer of genetically and/or chemically inhibited platelets into thrombocytopenic (TP) mice. Unexpectedly, platelets with impaired GPCR signaling, a crucial component of platelet plug formation and hemostasis, were indistinguishable from WT platelets in their ability to prevent hemorrhage at sites of inflammation. In contrast, inhibition of GPVI or genetic deletion of Clec2, the only ITAM receptors expressed on mouse platelets, significantly reduced the ability of platelets to prevent inflammation-induced hemorrhage. Moreover, transfusion of platelets without ITAM receptor function or platelets lacking the adapter protein SLP-76 into TP mice had no significant effect on vascular integrity during inflammation. These results indicate that the control of vascular integrity is a major function of immune-type receptors in platelets, highlighting a potential clinical complication of novel antithrombotic agents directed toward the ITAM signaling pathway.
Sterile Neutrinos: Propagation in Matter and Sensitivity to Sterile Mass Ordering
Creators: name: Chattopadhyay, Dibya S.
name: Devi, Moon Moon
name: Dighe, Amol
name: Dutta, Debajyoti
name: Pramanik, Dipyaman
name: Raut, Sushant K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analytically calculate the neutrino conversion probability $P_{μe}$ in the presence of sterile neutrinos, with exact dependence on $Δm^2_{41}$ and with matter effects explicitly included. Using perturbative expansion in small parameters, the terms involving the small mixing angles $θ_{24}$ and $θ_{34}$ can be separated out, with $θ_{34}$ dependence only arising due to matter effects. We express $P_{μe}$ in terms of the quantities of the form $\sin(x)/x$, which helps in elucidating its dependence on matter effects and a wide range of $Δm^2_{41}$ values. Our analytic expressions allow us to predict the effects of the sign of $Δm^2_{41}$ at a long baseline experiment like DUNE. We numerically calculate the sensitivity of DUNE to the sterile mass ordering and find that this sensitivity can be significant in the range $|Δm^2_{41}| \sim (10^{-4} - 10^{-2})$ eV$^2$, for either mass ordering of active neutrinos. The dependence of this sensitivity on the value of $Δm^2_{41}$ for all mass ordering combinations can be explained by investigating the resonance-like terms appearing due to the interplay between the sterile sector and matter effects.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures
Calculation of a nighttime-population map based on free data
Creators: name: Fuglsang, Morten
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2018

description: When the first authoritative data was released, free access was given to registries like the building registry (BBR). However, statistical data like the nighttime-population is still not free. This analysis shows how we can use dasymetric mapping to dis-aggregate municipality population data into BBR housing units, producing an estimated nighttime-population map. The results produced show that the proposed model has a general overrepresentation of the population, but despite that, this free dataset calculated here, should be usable in many cases where an estimate is adequate.
description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 15 No 28 (2016): Special issue related to the yearly conference, Kortdage
The cosmic ray ionisation and $γ$-ray budgets of star-forming galaxies
Creators: name: Krumholz, Mark R.
name: Crocker, Roland M.
name: Offner, Stella S. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic rays in star-forming galaxies are a dominant source of both diffuse $γ$-ray emission and ionisation in gas too deeply shielded for photons to penetrate. Though the cosmic rays responsible for $γ$-rays and ionisation are of different energies, they are produced by the same star formation-driven sources, and thus galaxies' star formation rates, $γ$-ray luminosities, and ionisation rates should all be linked. In this paper we use up-to-date cross-section data to determine this relationship, finding that cosmic rays in a galaxy of star formation rate $\dot{M}_*$ and gas depletion time $t_\mathrm{dep}$ produce a maximum primary ionisation rate $ζ\approx 1\times 10^{-16} (t_\mathrm{dep}/\mbox{Gyr})^{-1}$ s$^{-1}$ and a maximum $γ$-ray luminosity $L_γ\approx 4\times 10^{39} (\dot{M}_*/\mathrm{M}_\odot\mbox{ yr}^{-1})$ erg s$^{-1}$ in the 0.1 - 100 GeV band. These budgets imply either that the ionisation rates measured in Milky Way molecular clouds include a significant contribution from local sources that elevate them above the Galactic mean, or that CR-driven ionisation in the Milky Way is enhanced by sources not linked directly to star formation. Our results also imply that ionisation rates in starburst systems are only moderately enhanced compared to those in the Milky Way. Finally, we point out that measurements of $γ$-ray luminosities can be used to place constraints on galactic ionisation budgets in starburst galaxies that are nearly free of systematic uncertainties on the details of cosmic ray acceleration.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
GIS SOM BESLUTNINGSSTØTTESYSTEM I FORBINDELSE MED PLACERING AF FLYGTNINGE
Creators: name: Hvingel, Line
name: Lundbye-Christensen, Niels
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2018

description: Kommunerne har en fælles udfordring: Hvordan huser vi de mange flygtninge, der kommer til landet? Der forventes 17.000 flygtninge til Danmark i løbet af 2016. Det er ikke ligegyldigt, hvor de mange flygtninge kommer til at bo. Det er helt afgørende, at de ikke bliver koncentreret i ghettoer, for det skaber en dårlig kontakt til det danske samfund og øger risikoen for parallelsamfund. Jammerbugt Kommune og COWI præsenterer i artiklen arbejdet med at udvikle et GIS-baseret beslutningsstøttesystem, som kan hjælpe politikere og forvaltning med at træffe gode løsninger, der kan understøtte en bæredygtig planlægning ift. integration af nye tilflyttere baseret på stedbundne såvel som statistiske oplysninger.
description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 15 No 28 (2016): Special issue related to the yearly conference, Kortdage
Electric/Magnetic Newton-Hooke and Carroll Jackiw-Teitelboim Gravity
Creators: name: Avilés, Luis
name: Gomis, Joaquim
name: Hidalgo, Diego
name: Zanelli, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the electric and magnetic Newton-Hooke and Carroll Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity theories using the isomorphism of Newton-Hooke$_\pm$ and (A-)dS Carroll algebras in $(1+1)$-spacetime dimensions. The starting point is the non-relativistic and Carroll version of Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity without restrictions on the geometry studied in [15].
description: 13 pages
AGN Feedback models: Correlations with star formation and observational implications of time evolution
Creators: name: Thacker, Robert J.
name: MacMackin, C.
name: Wurster, James
name: Hobbs, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the correlation between the star formation rate (SFR) and black hole accretion rate (BHAR) across a suite of different AGN feedback models, using the time evolution of a merger simulation. By considering three different stages of evolution, and a distinction between the nuclear and outer regions of star formation, we consider 63 different cases. Despite many of the feedback models fitting the M-σ relationship well, there are often distinct differences in the SFR-BHAR correlations, with close to linear trends only being present after the merger. Some of the models also show evolution in the SFR-BHAR parameter space that is at times directly across the long-term averaged SFR-BHAR correlation. This suggests that the observational SFR-BHAR correlation found for ensembles of galaxies is an approximate statistical trend, as suggested by Hickox et al. Decomposing the SFR into nuclear and outer components also highlights notable differences between models and there is only modest agreement with observational studies examining this in Seyfert galaxies. For the fraction of the black hole mass growth from the merger event relative to the final black hole mass, we find as much as a factor of three variation among models. This also translates into a similar variation in the post-starburst black hole mass growth. Overall, we find that while qualitative features are often similar amongst models, precise quantitative analysis shows there can be quite distinct differences.
description: Accepted to MNRAS. Comments welcome
Open data – a common goal but different ways to achieve it
Creators: name: Bodum, Lars
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2018

description: Everyone wants open data, but the road towards it can be both difficult and long. Implementation of data portals and ICT solutions for support of the data infrastructure can be initiated from the central government through legislation, regulation and public procurement. This is what you would call a typical top-down implementation. Implementation could also happen with the help of local enthusiasts and the proper organizational structure. This would be referred to as a bottom-up approach to the implementation. In Denmark you will find examples of both approaches and they will be presented in this article through two specific cases from the catalogue of digital solutions for closer public sector collaboration.
description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 16 No 30 (2017): Special issue related to the yearly conference, Kortdage
Three-dimensional evolution of radiative circumbinary discs: the size and shape of the inner cavity
Creators: name: Pierens, Arnaud
name: Nelson, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of circumbinary discs and planets is often studied using two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulations, although recent work suggests that 3D effects may significantly alter the structure of the inner cavity created by the binary. In this study, we present the results of 3D hydrodynamical simulations of circumbinary discs that orbit around analogues of the Kepler-16 and Kepler-34 systems, including the effect of stellar heating and radiative cooling on the thermal disc structure. We find that compared to their 2D counterparts, the structures of the cavities in 3D circumbinary disc models appear to reach a quasi-stationary state more rapidly, and in a subset of our runs the evidence for this is unambiguous. Furthermore, the sizes and eccentricities of the inner cavity are smaller in 3D compared to 2D. We attribute this difference to enhanced spiral wave dissipation in disc regions above the midplane, where the cooling time is of the order of the dynamical timescale, resulting in smaller inner cavity sizes in 3D disc models. Our results suggest that migrating planets should park closer to the central binary in 3D models of circumbinary discs, and point to the importance of including the 3D structure when simulating circumbinary discs and planets.
description: Accepted in A&A
eXtreme19: when art and science make the front page
Creators: name: Prandini, Elisa
name: Doro, Michele
name: Mallamaci, Manuela
name: Montolli, Barbara
name: Mauri, Daria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Back in mid 2018, we were organizing eXtreme19, a conference on astro-particle physics held in Padova on the topic of extremely energetic emission from galaxies. For the preparation of the graphical material in support of the conference we seeked for a collaboration with talented art students. To this purpose, we joined the Italian programme PCTO (Percorsi per le Competenze Trasversali e per l Orientamento) of high school student stages in job centers. Emily, Beatrice, and Chiara from the high school Liceo Artistico Statale Amedeo Modigliani in Padova accepted our invitation and started a 6-month stage at the Padova University in close contact with us. The challenge was to interbreed our scientific description of a relativistic jet of a powerful galaxy and their artistic assimilation and subsequent representation of it. During this period, they elaborated outstanding and innovative graphical material used for the webpage as well as the conference poster. The quality of the graphics was indeed excellent: one of their drawings became the cover of the February 2020 issue of the prestigious Nature Astronomy journal.
description: Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Berlin, July 2021