cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Remote entanglement distribution in a quantum network via multinode indistinguishability of photons
Creators: name: Wang, Yan
name: Hao, Ze-Yan
name: Liu, Zheng-Hao
name: Sun, Kai
name: Xu, Jin-Shi
name: Li, Chuan-Feng
name: Guo, Guang-Can
name: Castellini, Alessia
name: Bellomo, Bruno
name: Compagno, Giuseppe
name: Franco, Rosario Lo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum networking relies on entanglement distribution between distant nodes, typically realized by swapping procedures. However, entanglement swapping is a demanding task in practice, mainly because of limited effectiveness of entangled photon sources and Bell-state measurements necessary to realize the process. Here we experimentally activate a remote distribution of two-photon polarization entanglement superseding the need for initial entangled pairs and traditional Bell-state measurements. This alternative procedure is accomplished thanks to the controlled spatial indistinguishability of four independent photons in three separated nodes of the network, which enables us to perform localized product-state measurements in the central node acting as a trigger. This experiment proves that the inherent indistinguishability of identical particles supplies new standards for feasible quantum communication in multinode photonic quantum networks.
description: 5+5 pages, 3+3 figures, one table. Updated version
Elisabeth Langgässers christlich-literarische Hochartistik
Creators: name: Kiesel, Helmuth
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 39 Nr. 5 (2010): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 39, Heft 5
Air du Défilé, appartenant au répertoire de la bravade de Saint-Tropez, joué aux fifres de roseau par Fabre père et fils
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
The fluctuation-dissipation relation in a resonantly driven quantum medium
Creators: name: Erukhimova, Maria
name: Tokman, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the radiation noise level associated with the spontaneous emission of a coherently driven medium. The significant field-induced modification of relation between the noise power and damping constant in a thermal reservoir is obtained. The nonlinear noise exchange between different atomic frequencies leads to violation of standard relations dictated by the fluctuation-dissipation theorem.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Search for the dark photon and the dark Higgs boson at Belle
Creators: name: The Belle Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dark photon, $A^\prime$, and the dark Higgs boson, $h^\prime$, are hypothetical constituents featured in a number of recently proposed Dark Sector Models. Assuming prompt decays of both dark particles, we search for their production in the so-called Higgs-strahlung channel, $e^+e^- \rightarrow A^\prime h'$, with $h^\prime \rightarrow A^\prime A^\prime$. We investigate ten exclusive final-states with $A^\prime \rightarrow e^+e^-$, $μ^+μ^-$, or $π^+π^-$, in the mass ranges $0.1$~GeV/$c^2$~$< m_{A^\prime} < 3.5$~GeV/$c^2$ and $0.2$~GeV/$c^2$~$< m_{h'} < 10.5$~GeV/$c^2$. We also investigate three inclusive final-states, $2(e^+e^-)X$, $2(μ^+μ^-)X$, and $(e^+e^-)(μ^+μ^-)X$, where $X$ denotes a dark photon candidate detected via missing mass, in the mass ranges $1.1$~GeV/$c^2$~$< m_{A^\prime} < 3.5$~GeV/$c^2$ and $2.2$~GeV/$c^2$~$< m_{h'} < 10.5$~GeV/$c^2$. Using the entire $977\,\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ data set collected by Belle, we observe no significant signal. We obtain individual and combined 90$\%$ confidence level upper limits on the branching fraction times the Born cross section, $\cal B \times σ_{\mathrm{Born}}$, on the Born cross section, $σ_{\mathrm{Born}}$, and on the dark photon coupling to the dark Higgs boson times the kinetic mixing between the Standard Model photon and the dark photon, $α_D \times ε^2$. These limits improve upon and cover wider mass ranges than previous experiments. The limits from the final-states $3(π^+π^-)$ and $2(e^+e^-)X$ are the first placed by any experiment. For $α_D$ equal to 1/137, $m_{h'}
Damping of liquid sloshing by foams
Creators: name: Sauret, Alban
name: Boulogne, François
name: Cappello, Jean
name: Dressaire, Emilie
name: Stone, Howard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a container is set in motion, the free surface of the liquid starts to oscillate or slosh. Such effects can be observed when a glass of water is handled carelessly and the fluid sloshes or even spills over the rims of the container. However, beer does not slosh as readily as water, which suggests that foam could be used to damp sloshing. In this work, we study experimentally the effect on sloshing of a liquid foam placed on top of a liquid bath. We generate a monodisperse two-dimensional liquid foam in a rectangular container and track the motion of the foam. The influence of the foam on the sloshing dynamics is experimentally characterized: only a few layers of bubbles are sufficient to significantly damp the oscillations. We rationalize our experimental findings with a model that describes the foam contribution to the damping coefficient through viscous dissipation on the walls of the container. Then we extend our study to confined three-dimensional liquid foam and observe that the behavior of 2D and confined 3D systems are very similar. Thus we conclude that only the bubbles close to the walls have a significant impact on the dissipation of energy. The possibility to damp liquid sloshing using foam is promising in numerous industrial applications such as the transport of liquefied gas in tankers or for propellants in rocket engines.
description: 17 pages, accepted in Physics of Fluids
Higher localised $\hat{A}$-genera for proper actions and applications
Creators: name: Guo, Hao
name: Mathai, Varghese
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L80, 58B34, 53C20

description: For a finitely generated discrete group $Γ$ acting properly on a spin manifold $M$, we formulate new topological obstructions to $Γ$-invariant metrics of positive scalar curvature on $M$ that take into account the cohomology of the classifying space $\underline{B}Γ$ for proper actions. In the cocompact case, this leads to a natural generalisation of Gromov-Lawson's notion of higher $\hat{A}$-genera to the setting of proper actions by groups with torsion. It is conjectured that these invariants obstruct the existence of $Γ$-invariant positive scalar curvature on $M$. For classes arising from the subring of $H^*(\underline{B}Γ,\mathbb{R})$ generated by elements of degree at most $2$, we are able to prove this, under suitable assumptions, using index-theoretic methods for projectively invariant Dirac operators and a twisted $L^2$-Lefschetz fixed-point theorem involving a weighted trace on conjugacy classes. The latter generalises a result of Wang-Wang to the projective setting. In the special case of free actions and the trivial conjugacy class, this reduces to a theorem of Mathai, which provided a partial answer to a conjecture of Gromov-Lawson on higher $\hat{A}$-genera. If $M$ is non-cocompact, we obtain obstructions to $M$ being a partitioning hypersurface inside a non-cocompact $Γ$-manifold with non-negative scalar curvature that is positive in a neighbourhood of the hypersurface. Finally, we define a quantitative version of the twisted higher index and use it to prove a parameterised vanishing theorem in terms of the lower bound of the total curvature term in the square of the twisted Dirac operator.
description: Final version to appear in J. Funct. Anal
Unconventional superconductivity in quasi-one-dimensional Rb$_2$Cr$_3$As$_3$
Creators: name: Tang, Zhang-Tu
name: Bao, Jin-Ke
name: Liu, Yi
name: Sun, Yun-Lei
name: Ablimit, Abduweli
name: Zhai, Hui-Fei
name: Jiang, Hao
name: Feng, Chun-Mu
name: Xu, Zhu-An
name: Cao, Guang-Han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following the discovery of superconductivity in quasi-one-dimensional K$_2$Cr$_3$As$_3$ containing [(Cr$_3$As$_3$)$^{2-}$]$_{\infty}$ chains [J. K. Bao et al., arXiv: 1412.0067 (2014)], we succeeded in synthesizing an analogous compound, Rb$_2$Cr$_3$As$_3$, which also crystallizes in a hexagonal lattice. The replacement of K by Rb results in an expansion of $a$ axis by 3\%, indicating a weaker interchain coupling in Rb$_2$Cr$_3$As$_3$. Bulk superconductivity emerges at 4.8 K, above which the normal-state resistivity shows a linear temperature dependence up to 35 K. The estimated upper critical field at zero temperature exceeds the Pauli paramagnetic limit by a factor of two. Furthermore, the electronic specific-heat coefficient extrapolated to zero temperature in the mixed state increases with $\sqrt{H}$, suggesting existence of nodes in the superconducting energy gap. Hence Rb$_2$Cr$_3$As$_3$ manifests itself as another example of unconventional superconductor in the Cr$_3$As$_3$-chain based system.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, crystal structure data updated
ERC SYNERGY PROJECT ASIA 609823: Religion, Region, Language and the State. Project workshops 2016-2017.
Creators: name: HILL, Nathan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: workshops
SOAS
609823

description: ERC SYNERGY PROJECT ASIA 609823: Religion, Region, Language and the State. Project workshops 2016-2017.
description: The speaker for the workshop in June 2016 was unable to attend. The following lecture was given in its place: WILLIS, Michael. (2016, June). The Question(s) of Milinda. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.253879
Blocking formation of the stable HIV reservoir: A new perspective for HIV-1 cure
Creators: name: Clutton, G.
name: Joseph, S.B.
name: Goonetilleke, N.
name: Swanstrom, R.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2019

description: Recent studies demonstrate that the stable HIV-1 reservoir in resting CD4+ T cells is mostly formed from viruses circulating when combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is initiated. Here we explore the immunological basis for these observations. Untreated HIV-1 infection is characterized by a progressive depletion of memory CD4+ T cells which mostly express CD127, the α chain of the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R). Depletion results from both direct infection and bystander loss of memory CD4+ T cells in part attributed to dysregulated IL-7/IL-7R signaling. While IL-7/IL7R signaling is not essential for the generation of effector CD4+ T cells from naïve cells, it is essential for the further transition of effectors to memory CD4+ T cells and their subsequent homeostatic maintenance. HIV-1 infection therefore limits the transition of CD4+ T cells from an effector to long-lived memory state. With the onset of ART, virus load (VL) levels rapidly decrease and the frequency of CD127+ CD4+ memory T cells increases, indicating restoration of effector to memory transition in CD4+ T cells. Collectively these data suggest that following ART initiation, HIV-1 infected effector CD4+ T cells transition to long-lived, CD127+ CD4+ T cells forming the majority of the stable HIV-1 reservoir. We propose that combining ART initiation with inhibition of IL-7/IL-7R signaling to block CD4+ T cell memory formation will limit the generation of long-lived HIV-infected CD4+ T cells and reduce the overall size of the stable HIV-1 reservoir. © 2019 Goonetilleke, Clutton, Swanstrom and Joseph.
Ost-westliche Wegweisungen zum Glück
Creators: name: Bürkle, Horst
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 39 Nr. 5 (2010): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 39, Heft 5
The Parameterized Post-Friedmannian Framework for Interacting Dark Energy Theories
Creators: name: Skordis, C.
name: Pourtsidou, A.
name: Copeland, E. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the most general parametrisation of models of dark energy in the form of a scalar field which is explicitly coupled to dark matter. We follow and extend the Parameterized Post-Friedmannian approach, previously applied to modified gravity theories, in order to include interacting dark energy. We demonstrate its use through a number of worked examples and show how the initially large parameter space of free functions can be significantly reduced and constrained to include only a few non-zero coefficients. This paves the way for a model-independent approach to classify and test interacting dark energy theories.
description: 11 pages, 2 tables; version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Numerical fluid dynamics for FRG flow equations: Zero-dimensional QFTs as numerical test cases. I. The $O(N)$ model
Creators: name: Koenigstein, Adrian
name: Steil, Martin J.
name: Wink, Nicolas
name: Grossi, Eduardo
name: Braun, Jens
name: Buballa, Michael
name: Rischke, Dirk H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The functional renormalization group (FRG) approach is a powerful tool for studies of a large variety of systems, ranging from statistical physics over the theory of the strong interaction to gravity. The practical application of this approach relies on the derivation of so-called flow equations, which describe the change of the quantum effective action under the variation of a coarse-graining parameter. In the present work, we discuss in detail a novel approach to solve such flow equations. This approach relies on the fact that RG equations can be rewritten such that they exhibit similarities with the conservation laws of fluid dynamics. This observation can be exploited in different ways. First of all, we show that this allows to employ powerful numerical techniques developed in the context of fluid dynamics to solve RG equations. In particular, it allows us to reliably treat the emergence of nonanalytic behavior in the RG flow of the effective action as it is expected to occur in studies of, e.g., spontaneous symmetry breaking. Second, the analogy between RG equations and fluid dynamics offers the opportunity to gain novel insights into RG flows and their interpretation in general, including the irreversibility of RG flows. We work out this connection in practice by applying it to zero-dimensional quantum-field theoretical models. The generalization to higher-dimensional models is also discussed. Our findings are expected to help improving future FRG studies of quantum field theories in higher dimensions both on a qualitative and quantitative level.
description: 68 pages (main text 56, appendix 12), 4 tables, 39 figures (plot data included in arXiv source file); Updated, published version
Functional Renormalisation Group Approach for Tensorial Group Field Theory: a Rank-3 Model
Creators: name: Benedetti, Dario
name: Geloun, Joseph Ben
name: Oriti, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We set up the Functional Renormalisation Group formalism for Tensorial Group Field Theory in full generality. We then apply it to a rank-3 model over U(1) x U(1) x U(1), endowed with a linear kinetic term and nonlocal interactions. The system of FRG equations turns out to be non-autonomous in the RG flow parameter. This feature is explained by the existence of a hidden scale, the radius of the group manifold. We investigate in detail the opposite regimes of large cut-off (UV) and small cut-off (IR) of the FRG equations, where the system becomes autonomous, and we find, in both case, Gaussian and non-Gaussian fixed points. We derive and interpret the critical exponents and flow diagrams associated with these fixed points, and discuss how the UV and IR regimes are matched at finite N. Finally, we discuss the evidence for a phase transition from a symmetric phase to a broken or condensed phase, from an RG perspective, finding that this seems to exist only in the approximate regime of very large radius of the group manifold, as to be expected for systems on compact manifolds.
description: 27 pages, 14 figures; v2: some clarifications added, minor changes, matches published version
Comments submitted by the German Environment Agency for the Public consultation on the draft risk assessment of perfluoroalkyl substances in food
Creators: name: Agency, German Environment
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: PFAS
subject: risk assessment
subject: public consultation
subject: http://id.agrisemantics.org/gacs/C1470

description: The file was submitted by the German Environment Agency together with their contribution to the Public Consultation launched in February 2020 by the European Food Safety Authority on the draft risk assessment of perfluoroalkyl substances in food.
description: EU; PDF; biocontam@efsa.europa.eu
Quantum oscillations, thermoelectric coefficients and the Fermi surface of semi-metallic WTe2
Creators: name: Zhu, Zengwei
name: Lin, Xiao
name: Liu, Juan
name: Fauque, Benoit
name: Tao, Qian
name: Yang, Chongli
name: Shi, Youguo
name: Behnia, Kamran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of angle-resolved quantum oscillations of electric and thermoelectric transport coefficients in semi-metallic WTe$_{2}$, which has the particularity of displaying a large B$^{2}$ magneto-resistance. The Fermi surface consists of two pairs of electron-like and hole-like pockets of equal volumes in a "Russian doll" structure. Carrier density, Fermi energy, mobility and the mean-free-path of the system are quantified. An additional frequency is observed above a threshold field and attributed to magnetic breakdown across two orbits. In contrast to all other dilute metals, the Nernst signal remains linear in magnetic field even in the high-field ($ω_cτ\gg 1$) regime. Surprisingly, none of the pockets extend across the c-axis of the first Brillouin zone, making the system a three-dimensional metal with moderate anisotropy in Fermi velocity yet a large anisotropy in mean-free-path.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, and 2 tables
Quark Sivers Function at Small $x$: Spin-Dependent Odderon and the Sub-Eikonal Evolution
Creators: name: Kovchegov, Yuri V.
name: Santiago, M. Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the formalism developed earlier for studying transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) at small Bjorken $x$ to construct the small-$x$ asymptotics of the quark Sivers function. First, we explicitly construct the complete fundamental "polarized Wilson line" operator to sub-sub-eikonal order: this object can be used to study a variety of quark TMDs at small-$x$. We then express the quark Sivers function in terms of dipole scattering amplitudes containing various components of the "polarized Wilson line" and show that the dominant (eikonal) term which contributes to the quark Sivers function at small $x$ is the spin-dependent odderon, confirming the recent results of Dong, Zheng and Zhou. Our conclusion is also similar to the case of the gluon Sivers function derived by Boer, Echevarria, Mulders and Zhou (see also the work by Szymanowski and Zhou). We also analyze the sub-eikonal corrections to the quark Sivers function using the constructed "polarized Wilson line" operator. We derive new small-$x$ evolution equations re-summing double-logarithmic powers of $α_s \, \ln^2 (1/x)$ with $α_s$ the strong coupling constant. We solve the corresponding novel evolution equations in the large-$N_c$ limit, obtaining a sub-eikonal correction to the spin-dependent odderon contribution. We conclude that the quark Sivers function at small $x$ receives contributions from two terms and is given by \begin{align} f_{1 \: T}^{\perp \: q} (x, k_T^2) = C_O (x, k_T^2) \, \frac{1}{x} + C_1 (k_T^2) \, \left( \frac{1}{x} \right)^0 + \ldots \end{align} with the function $C_O (x, k_T^2)$ varying slowly with $x$ and the ellipsis denoting the sub-asymptotic and sub-sub-eikonal (order-$x$) corrections.
description: 41 pages, 11 figures, 1 table. Added new discussion paragraphs in section III.A and section IV, added a footnote in section IV, corrected typos, updated references. v3: Minor typos corrected, the sub-eikonal term in the asymptotics of the Sivers function is revised in the follow up paper, see footnote on page 23
An Algebraic Quantum Circuit Compression Algorithm for Hamiltonian Simulation
Creators: name: Camps, Daan
name: Kökcü, Efekan
name: Bassman, Lindsay
name: de Jong, Wibe A.
name: Kemper, Alexander F.
name: Van Beeumen, Roel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum computing is a promising technology that harnesses the peculiarities of quantum mechanics to deliver computational speedups for some problems that are intractable to solve on a classical computer. Current generation noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers are severely limited in terms of chip size and error rates. Shallow quantum circuits with uncomplicated topologies are essential for successful applications in the NISQ era. Based on matrix analysis, we derive localized circuit transformations to efficiently compress quantum circuits for simulation of certain spin Hamiltonians known as free fermions. The depth of the compressed circuits is independent of simulation time and grows linearly with the number of spins. The proposed numerical circuit compression algorithm behaves backward stable and scales cubically in the number of spins enabling circuit synthesis beyond $\mathcal{O}(10^3)$ spins. The resulting quantum circuits have a simple nearest-neighbor topology, which makes them ideally suited for NISQ devices.
Effective scalar four-fermion interaction for Ge-phobic exothermic dark matter and the CDMS-II Silicon excess
Creators: name: Scopel, Stefano
name: Yoon, Jong-Hyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss within the framework of effective four-fermion scalar interaction the phenomenology of a Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) Dirac Dark Matter candidate which is exothermic (i.e. is metastable and interacts with nuclear targets down-scattering to a lower-mass state) and $Ge$-phobic (i.e. whose couplings to quarks violate isospin symmetry leading to a suppression of its cross section off Germanium targets). We discuss the specific example of the CDMS-II Silicon three-candidate effect showing that a region of the parameter space of the model exists where WIMP scatterings can explain the excess in compliance with other experimental constraints, while at the same time the Dark Matter particle can have a thermal relic density compatible with observation. In this scenario the metastable state $χ$ and the lowest-mass one $χ^{\prime}$ have approximately the same density in the present Universe and in our Galaxy, but direct detection experiments are only sensitive to the down-scatters of $χ$ to $χ^{\prime}$. We include a discussion of the recently calculated Next-to-Leading Order corrections to Dark Matter-nucleus scattering, showing that their impact on the phenomenology is typically small, but can become sizable in the same parameter space where the thermal relic density is compatible to observation.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures. References added, updated to published version
Numerical fluid dynamics for FRG flow equations: Zero-dimensional QFTs as numerical test cases. III. Shock and rarefaction waves in RG flows reveal limitations of the $N\rightarrow\infty$ limit in $O(N)$-type models
Creators: name: Steil, Martin J.
name: Koenigstein, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using an $O(N)$-symmetric toy model QFT in zero space-time dimensions we discuss several aspects and limitations of the $\frac{1}{N}$-expansion. We demonstrate, how slight modifications in a classical UV action can lead the $\frac{1}{N}$-expansion astray and how the infinite-$N$ limit may alter fundamental properties of a QFT. Thereby we present the problem of calculating correlation functions from two totally different perspectives: First, we explicitly analyze our model within an $\frac{1}{N}$-saddle-point expansion and show its limitations. Secondly, we picture the same problem within the framework of the Functional Renormalization Group. Applying novel analogies between (F)RG flow equations and numerical fluid dynamics from parts I and II of this series of publications, we recast the calculation of expectation values of our toy model into solving a highly non-linear but exact advection(-diffusion) equation. In doing so, we find that the applicability of the $\frac{1}{N}$-expansion to our toy model is linked to freezing shock waves in field space in the FRG-fluid dynamic picture, while the failure of the $\frac{1}{N}$-expansion in this context is related to the annihilation of two opposing shock waves in field space.
description: 36 pages (main text 18, appendix 18), 9 tables, 13 figures (plot data included in arXiv source file); Updated, published version
Predicting Efavirenz Concentrations in the Brain Tissue of HIV-Infected Individuals and Exploring their Relationship to Neurocognitive Impairment
Creators: name: White, N.
name: Luciw, P.
name: Spudich, S.
name: Blake, K.H.
name: Eron, J.J.
name: Kashuba, A.D.M.
name: Sykes, C.
name: Kincer, L.P.
name: Robertson, K.
name: Schauer, A.P.
name: Swanstrom, R.
name: Srinivas, N.
name: Adamson, L.
name: Forrest, A.
name: Menezes, P.
name: Price, R.W.
name: Joseph, S.B.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2019

description: Sparse data exist on the penetration of antiretrovirals into brain tissue. In this work, we present a framework to use efavirenz (EFV) pharmacokinetic (PK) data in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain tissue of eight rhesus macaques to predict brain tissue concentrations in HIV-infected individuals. We then perform exposure-response analysis with the model-predicted EFV area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and neurocognitive scores collected from a group of 24 HIV-infected participants. Adult rhesus macaques were dosed daily with 200 mg EFV (as part of a four-drug regimen) for 10 days. Plasma was collected at 8 time points over 10 days and at necropsy, whereas CSF and brain tissue were collected at necropsy. In the clinical study, data were obtained from one paired plasma and CSF sample of participants prescribed EFV, and neuropsychological test evaluations were administered across 15 domains. PK modeling was performed using ADAPT version 5.0 Biomedical Simulation Resource, Los Angeles, CA) with the iterative two-stage estimation method. An eight-compartment model best described EFV distribution across the plasma, CSF, and brain tissue of rhesus macaques and humans. Model-predicted median brain tissue concentrations in humans were 31 and 8,000 ng/mL, respectively. Model-predicted brain tissue AUC was highly correlated with plasma AUC (γ = 0.99, P < 0.001) but not CSF AUC (γ = 0.34, P = 0.1) and did not show any relationship with neurocognitive scores (γ < 0.05, P > 0.05). This analysis provides an approach to estimate PK the brain tissue in order to perform PK/pharmacodynamic analyses at the target site. © 2019 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.
EXISTENTIAL CONCERNS IN JOKHA ALHARTHI'S CELESTIAL BODIES: AN ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Mishra, Sunil K
name: Manshi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: ‘What is existence?’ is a matter of contest throughout the life of human beings, which is substantially elucidated in a question, ‘whether you are living or just existing?’ Sartre, in his conceptualization of existentialism, brought out this subject to life reiterating the essence of life in a crystalized frame of anxiety(angst), bad faith and alienation. Highlighting the philosophy of life through the essence of a human being, likewise we see it’s impossible to tell the shape of the painting when we peep in the middle but by the time as it progresses it takes its final shape and hence it becomes comprehensible. So as with the life of a man, the choices of man transcend in his fate and that fate further progresses and becomes an experience which at last results in the essence of a human being, as depicted in the writings of many prominent writers like Albert Camus, Jokha Alharthi, T.S Eliot, D.H Lawrence, etc. Jokha Alharthi’s International Man Booker Prize (2019) winning novel Celestial Bodies, captures the spirit of Mid-Eastern (Omanian) society under transition faced with new challenges and opportunities. Her characters are atheistic existential beings who are stuck in the circle of bad faith and are unable to accept the duality of living reality.
The Discovery of the First "Changing Look" Quasar: New Insights into the Physics & Phenomenology of AGN
Creators: name: LaMassa, Stephanie M.
name: Cales, Sabrina
name: Moran, Edward C.
name: Myers, Adam D.
name: Richards, Gordon T.
name: Eracleous, Michael
name: Heckman, Timothy M.
name: Gallo, Luigi
name: Urry, C. Meg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SDSS J015957.64+003310.5 is an X-ray selected, $z=0.31$ AGN from the Stripe 82X survey that transitioned from a Type 1 quasar to a Type 1.9 AGN between 2000 and 2010. This is the most distant AGN, and first quasar, yet observed to have undergone such a dramatic change. We re-observed the source with the double spectrograph on the Palomar 5m telescope in July 2014 and found that the spectrum is unchanged since 2010. From fitting the optical spectra, we find that the AGN flux dropped by a factor of 6 between 2000 and 2010 while the broad H$α$ emission faded and broadened. Serendipitous X-ray observations caught the source in both the bright and dim state, showing a similar 2-10 keV flux diminution as the optical while lacking signatures of obscuration. The optical and X-ray changes coincide with $g$-band magnitude variations over multiple epochs of Stripe 82 observations. We demonstrate that variable absorption, as might be expected from the simplest AGN unification paradigm, does not explain the observed photometric or spectral properties. We interpret the changing state of J0159+0033 to be caused by dimming of the AGN continuum, reducing the supply of ionizing photons available to excite gas in the immediate vicinity around the black hole. J0159+0033 provides insight into the intermittency of black hole growth in quasars, as well as an unprecedented opportunity to study quasar physics (in the bright state) and the host galaxy (in the dim state), which has been impossible to do in a single sources until now.
description: accepted for publication in ApJ
Taming singularities of the quantum Fisher information
Creators: name: Goldberg, Aaron Z.
name: Romero, José L.
name: Sanz, Ángel S.
name: Sánchez-Soto, Luis L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Fisher information matrices (QFIMs) are fundamental to estimation theory: they encode the ultimate limit for the sensitivity with which a set of parameters can be estimated using a given probe. Since the limit invokes the inverse of a QFIM, an immediate question is what to do with singular QFIMs. Moreover, the QFIM may be discontinuous, forcing one away from the paradigm of regular statistical models. These questions of nonregular quantum statistical models are present in both single- and multiparameter estimation. Geometrically, singular QFIMs occur when the curvature of the metric vanishes in one or more directions in the space of probability distributions, while QFIMs have discontinuities when the density matrix has parameter-dependent rank. We present a nuanced discussion of how to deal with each of these scenarios, stressing the physical implications of singular QFIMs and the ensuing ramifications for quantum metrology.
description: 17 pages
What curves Δ𝜈?
Creators: name: Hekker, Saskia
name: Elsworth, Yvonne
name: Basu, Sarbani
name: Ahlborn, Felix
name: Bellinger, Earl
name: Buchele, Lynn
name: Espinoza-Rojas, Francisca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Stars are, to first order, described as spheres of gas. They do, however, deviate somewhat from homogenous spheres of ideal gas and these deviations are imprinted in their normal oscillation modes. One of these imprinted features is that the large frequency separation, Δ𝜈, in solar-like oscillators is not constant: it is curved as a function of frequency. Two questions arise naturally: 1) what in the structure of the star is responsible for this second-order variation of Δ𝜈?; and 2) how does the variation depend on global properties of the star like mass and age? We analyse a few thousand red-giant stars to derive empirical relations between a (the curvature coefficient) and Δ𝜈. Comparing these empirical relations with those obtained from stellar evolution models shows that: a) the a-Δ𝜈 relation for red-giant branch stars is mass dependent; and b) that the a-Δ𝜈 relations obtained from the models differ from the empirical ones. We also calculate sensitivity kernels for a that allow us to determine the regions responsible for the curvature. This will provide important insights for improving the physics in our models and reconciling the difference between the empirical a-Δ𝜈 relationships and those based on models.
Epitranscriptomic Addition of m5C to HIV-1 Transcripts Regulates Viral Gene Expression
Creators: name:  Cullen, B.R.
name: Courtney, D.G.
name:  Bogerd, H.P.
name:  Emery, A.
name:  Tsai, K.
name:  Law, B.A.
name:  Swanstrom, R.
name:  Kennedy, E.M.
name:  Holley, C.L.
Publisher: name: Cell Press
Year: 2019

description: How the covalent modification of mRNA ribonucleotides, termed epitranscriptomic modifications, alters mRNA function remains unclear. One issue has been the difficulty of quantifying these modifications. Using purified HIV-1 genomic RNA, we show that this RNA bears more epitranscriptomic modifications than the average cellular mRNA, with 5-methylcytosine (m5C) and 2′O-methyl modifications being particularly prevalent. The methyltransferase NSUN2 serves as the primary writer for m5C on HIV-1 RNAs. NSUN2 inactivation inhibits not only m5C addition to HIV-1 transcripts but also viral replication. This inhibition results from reduced HIV-1 protein, but not mRNA, expression, which in turn correlates with reduced ribosome binding to viral mRNAs. In addition, loss of m5C dysregulates the alternative splicing of viral RNAs. These data identify m5C as a post-transcriptional regulator of both splicing and function of HIV-1 mRNA, thereby affecting directly viral gene expression. Courtney et al. report that HIV-1 transcripts are modified by the addition of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) residues. The nuclear methyltransferase NSUN2 is the primary m5C writer and is required for appropriate HIV-1 translation. NSUN2 deficiency and concomitant loss of m5C residues inhibits ribosomal recruitment to and alternative splicing of HIV-1 mRNAs. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.
Glück im Alten Testament
Creators: name: Schwienhorst-Schönberger, Ludger
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 39 Nr. 5 (2010): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 39, Heft 5
Numerical fluid dynamics for FRG flow equations: Zero-dimensional QFTs as numerical test cases. II. Entropy production and irreversibility of RG flows
Creators: name: Koenigstein, Adrian
name: Steil, Martin J.
name: Wink, Nicolas
name: Grossi, Eduardo
name: Braun, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the reformulation of renormalization group (RG) flow equations as non-linear heat equations has severe implications on the understanding of RG flows in general. We demonstrate by explicitly constructing an entropy function for a zero-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric model that the dissipative character of generic non-linear diffusion equations is also hard-coded in the functional RG equation. This renders RG flows manifestly irreversible, revealing the semi-group property of RG transformations on the level of the flow equation itself. Additionally, we argue that the dissipative character of RG flows, its irreversibility and the entropy production during the RG flow may be linked to the existence of a so-called $\mathcal{C}$-/$\mathcal{A}$-function. In total, this introduces an asymmetry in the so-called RG time -- in complete analogy to the thermodynamic arrow of time -- and allows for an interpretation of infrared actions as equilibrium solutions of dissipative RG flows equations. The impossibility of resolving microphysics from macrophysics is evident in this framework. Furthermore, we directly link the irreversibility and the entropy production in RG flows to an explicit numerical entropy production, which is manifest in diffusive and non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs) and a standard mathematical tool for the analysis of PDEs. Using exactly solvable zero-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric models, we explicitly compute the (numerical) entropy production related to the total variation non-increasing property of the PDE during RG flows toward the infrared limit. Finally, we discuss generalizations of our findings and relations to the $\mathcal{C}$-/$\mathcal{A}$-theorem as well as how our work may help to construct truncations of RG flow equations in the future, including numerically stable schemes for solving the corresponding PDEs.
description: 23 pages, 1 table, 10 figures (plot data included in arXiv source file); Updated, published version
Comments submitted by Mamme No PFAS for the Public consultation on the draft risk assessment of perfluoroalkyl substances in food
Creators: name: PFAS, Mamme No
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: PFAS
subject: risk assessment
subject: public consultation
subject: http://id.agrisemantics.org/gacs/C1470

description: The file was submitted by Mamme No PFAS together with their contribution to the Public Consultation launched in February 2020 by the European Food Safety Authority on the draft risk assessment of perfluoroalkyl substances in food.
description: EU; PDF; biocontam@efsa.europa.eu
Semi-stochastic full configuration interaction quantum Monte Carlo: developments and application
Creators: name: Blunt, N. S.
name: Smart, Simon D.
name: Kersten, J. A. F.
name: Spencer, J. S.
name: Booth, George H.
name: Alavi, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We expand upon the recent semi-stochastic adaptation to full configuration interaction quantum Monte Carlo (FCIQMC). We present an alternate method for generating the deterministic space without a priori knowledge of the wave function and present stochastic efficiencies for a variety of both molecular and lattice systems. The algorithmic details of an efficient semi-stochastic implementation are presented, with particular consideration given to the effect that the adaptation has on parallel performance in FCIQMC. We further demonstrate the benefit for calculation of reduced density matrices in FCIQMC through replica sampling, where the semi-stochastic adaptation seems to have even larger efficiency gains. We then combine these ideas to produce explicitly correlated corrected FCIQMC energies for the Beryllium dimer, for which stochastic errors on the order of wavenumber accuracy are achievable.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
The replication-competent HIV-1 latent reservoir is primarily established near the time of therapy initiation
Creators: name: Swanstrom, R.
name: Zhou, S.
name: Abrahams, M.-R.
name: Garrett, N.
name: Anthony, C.
name: Goonetilleke, N.
name: Karim, S.A.
name: Doolabh, D.
name: Matten, D.
name: Tyers, L.
name: Margolis, D.M.
name: Williamson, C.
name: Council, O.D.
name: Joseph, S.B.
name: Moeser, M.
name: Pond, S.K.
name: Archin, N.
Publisher: name: American Association for the Advancement of Science
Year: 2019

description: Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) is highly effective at suppressing HIV-1 replication, the virus persists as a latent reservoir in resting CD4+ T cells during therapy. This reservoir forms even when ART is initiated early after infection, but the dynamics of its formation are largely unknown. The viral reservoirs of individuals who initiate ART during chronic infection are generally larger and genetically more diverse than those of individuals who initiate therapy during acute infection, consistent with the hypothesis that the reservoir is formed continuously throughout untreated infection. To determine when viruses enter the latent reservoir, we compared sequences of replication-competent viruses from resting peripheral CD4+ T cells from nine HIV-positive women on therapy to viral sequences circulating in blood collected longitudinally before therapy. We found that, on average, 71% of the unique viruses induced from the post-therapy latent reservoir were most genetically similar to viruses replicating just before ART initiation. This proportion is far greater than would be expected if the reservoir formed continuously and was always long lived. We conclude that ART alters the host environment in a way that allows the formation or stabilization of most of the long-lived latent HIV-1 reservoir, which points to new strategies targeted at limiting the formation of the reservoir around the time of therapy initiation. Copyright © 2019 The Authors,
Mott transition in a two-leg Bose-Hubbard ladder under an artificial magnetic field
Creators: name: Keleş, Ahmet
name: Oktel, M. Ö.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Bose-Hubbard model on a two-leg ladder under an artificial magnetic field, and investigate the superfluid-to-Mott insulator transition in this setting. Recently, this system has been experimentally realized [M.Atala \textit{et al.}, Nature Physics \textbf{10}, 588--593 (2014)], albeit in a parameter regime that is far from the Mott transition boundary. Depending on the strength of the magnetic field, the single-particle spectrum has either a single ground state or two degenerate ground states. The transition between these two phases is reflected in the many-particle properties. We first investigate these phases through the Bogoliubov approximation in the superfluid regime and calculate the transition boundary for weak interactions. For stronger interactions the system is expected to form a Mott insulator. We calculate the Mott transition boundary as a function of the magnetic field and interleg coupling with mean-field theory, strong-coupling expansion and density matrix renormalization group (DMRG). Finally, using the DMRG, we investigate the particle-hole excitation gaps of this system at different filling factors and find peaks at simple fractions indicating the possibility of correlated phases.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
From polarization multipoles to higher-order coherences
Creators: name: Goldberg, Aaron Z.
name: Klimov, Andrei B.
name: de Guise, Hubert
name: Leuchs, Gerd
name: Agarwal, Girish S.
name: Sánchez-Soto, Luis L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the multipoles associated with the density matrix are truly observable quantities that can be unambiguously determined from intensity moments. Given their correct transformation properties, these multipoles are the natural variables to deal with a number of problems in the quantum domain. In the case of polarization, the moments are measured after the light has passed through two quarter-wave plates, one half-wave plate, and a polarizing beam splitter for specific values of the angles of the waveplates. For more general two-mode problems, equivalent measurements can be performed.
description: 4 pages. Accepted for publication in Optics Letters
Gottesverdunklung
Creators: name: Celan, Paul
name: Tück, Jan-Heiner
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 39 Nr. 4 (2010): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 39, Heft 4
THE CONCEPT OF THE AMERICAN DREAM AND WALT WHITMAN
Creators: name: Fayzullayeva, Nigina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: It is obviously difficult to learn about "What is American dream?" and "What is the connection between America and Walt Whitman?". This article gives you some main points about them.Throughout American history, there have been critics of its national ethos. Some critics point out that American focus on individualism and capital results in materialism, consumerism and a lack of worker solidarity.
Comments submitted by the Federation of the European Cutlery, flatware, hollowware and cookware industries (FEC) for the Public consultation on the draft risk assessment of perfluoroalkyl substances in food
Creators: name: Federation Of The European Cutlery, Flatware, Hollowware And Cookware Industries (FEC)
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: PFAS
subject: risk assessment
subject: public consultation
subject: http://id.agrisemantics.org/gacs/C1470

description: The file was submitted by the Federation of the European Cutlery, flatware, hollowware and cookware industries (FEC) together with their contribution to the Public Consultation launched in February 2020 by the European Food Safety Authority on the draft risk assessment of perfluoroalkyl substances in food.
description: EU; PDF; biocontam@efsa.europa.eu