cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A possibility of high spin hole states in doped CoO$_2$ layered systems
Creators: name: Rościszewski, Krzysztof
name: Oleś, Andrzej M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce and investigate an effective five-band model for $t_{2g}$ and $e_g$ electrons to describe doped cobalt oxides with Co$^{3+}$ and Co$^{4+}$ ions in two-dimensional CoO$_2$ triangular lattice layers, as in Na$_{1-x}$CoO$_2$. The effective Hamiltonian includes anisotropic kinetic energy (due to both direct Co-Co and indirect Co-O-Co hoppings), on-site Coulomb interactions parameterized by intraorbital Hubbard repulsion $U$ and full Hund's exchange tensor, crystal-field terms and Jahn-Teller static distortions. We study it using correlated wave functions on $6\times 6$ clusters with periodic boundary conditions. The computations indicate low S=0 spin to high S=2 spin abrupt transition in the undoped systems when increasing strength of the crystal field, while intermediate S=1 spins are not found. Surprisingly, for the investigated realistic Hamiltonian parameters describing low spin states in CoO$_2$ planes, doping generates high $S=\frac{5}{2}$ spins at Co$^{4+}$ ions that are pairwise bound into singlets, seen here as pairs of up and down spins. It is found that such singlet pairs self-organize at higher doping into lines of spins with coexisting antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic bonds, forming stripe-like structures. The ground states are insulating within the investigated range of doping because computed HOMO-LUMO gaps are never small enough.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
"HEPData_workspaces.tar.gz" of "Search for bottom-squark pair production with the ATLAS detector in final states containing Higgs bosons, $b$-jets and missing transverse momentum"
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: HEPData
Year: 2020

description: Archive of full likelihoods in the HistFactory JSON format described in ATL-PHYS-PUB-2019-029 Provided are 3 statiscal models labeled RegionA RegionB and RegionC respectively each in their own sub-directory. For each model the background-only model is found i the file named 'BkgOnly.json' For each model a set of patches for various signal points is provided
description: No data abstract available.
Fast Kernel Methods for Generic Lipschitz Losses via $p$-Sparsified Sketches
Creators: name: Ahmad, Tamim El
name: Laforgue, Pierre
name: d'Alché-Buc, Florence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Kernel methods are learning algorithms that enjoy solid theoretical foundations while suffering from important computational limitations. Sketching, which consists in looking for solutions among a subspace of reduced dimension, is a well studied approach to alleviate these computational burdens. However, statistically-accurate sketches, such as the Gaussian one, usually contain few null entries, such that their application to kernel methods and their non-sparse Gram matrices remains slow in practice. In this paper, we show that sparsified Gaussian (and Rademacher) sketches still produce theoretically-valid approximations while allowing for important time and space savings thanks to an efficient \emph{decomposition trick}. To support our method, we derive excess risk bounds for both single and multiple output kernel problems, with generic Lipschitz losses, hereby providing new guarantees for a wide range of applications, from robust regression to multiple quantile regression. Our theoretical results are complemented with experiments showing the empirical superiority of our approach over SOTA sketching methods.
"SbMB_SLHAs.tar.gz" of "Search for bottom-squark pair production with the ATLAS detector in final states containing Higgs bosons, $b$-jets and missing transverse momentum"
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: HEPData
Year: 2020

description: slha files for the 3 baseline signal points used in the analysis for regions A,B,C
description: No data abstract available.
Tracing magnetic separators and their dependence on IMF clock angle in global magnetospheric simulations
Creators: name: Komar, C. M.
name: Cassak, P. A.
name: Dorelli, J. C.
name: Glocer, A.
name: Kuznetsova, M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new, efficient, and highly accurate method for tracing magnetic separators in global magnetospheric simulations with arbitrary clock angle is presented. The technique is to begin at a magnetic null and iteratively march along the separator by finding where four magnetic topologies meet on a spherical surface. The technique is verified using exact solutions for separators resulting from an analytic magnetic field model that superposes dipolar and uniform magnetic fields. Global resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations are performed using the three-dimensional BATS-R-US code with a uniform resistivity, in eight distinct simulations with interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) clock angles ranging from 0 (parallel) to 180 degrees (anti-parallel). Magnetic nulls and separators are found in the simulations, and it is shown that separators traced here are accurate for any clock angle, unlike the last closed field line on the Sun-Earth line that fails for southward IMF. Trends in magnetic null locations and the structure of magnetic separators as a function of clock angle are presented and compared with those from the analytic field model. There are many qualitative similarities between the two models, but quantitative differences are also noted. Dependence on solar wind density is briefly investigated.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, Presented at 2012 AGU Fall Meeting and 2013 Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) Workshop
A Contrastive Approach to Online Change Point Detection
Creators: name: Goldman, Artur
name: Puchkin, Nikita
name: Shcherbakova, Valeriia
name: Vinogradova, Uliana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We suggest a novel procedure for online change point detection. Our approach expands an idea of maximizing a discrepancy measure between points from pre-change and post-change distributions. This leads to a flexible procedure suitable for both parametric and nonparametric scenarios. We prove non-asymptotic bounds on the average running length of the procedure and its expected detection delay. The efficiency of the algorithm is illustrated with numerical experiments on synthetic and real-world data sets.
description: Accepted for presentation at AISTATS 2023
Isopimarane-type diterpenoids from the rhizomes of Kaempferia galanga L. and their biological activities
Creators: name: Wisetsai, Awat
name: Schevenels, Florian T.
name: Kanokmedhakul, Somdej
name: Kanokmedhakul, Kwanjai
name: Boonmak, Jaursup
name: Youngme, Sujittra
name: Suebrasri, Thanapat
name: Lekphrom, Ratsami
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Fourteen isopimarane diterpenoids (1–14) were isolated from the rhizomes of Kaempferia galanga, including four new compounds (1–4). The isolated secondary metabolites were identified through analysis of spectroscopic (1 D and 2 D NMR) and mass spectrometric data, together with X-ray diffraction studies. Compounds 4–5, 7–11, and 13 showed strong antimalarial activities, with IC50 values in the range of 1.46–3.99 μg/mL. Moreover, compounds 4, 5, 8, and 12 showed cytotoxicity against KB cell line with IC50 values in the range of 6.13–38.2 μg/mL, while compounds 4, 5, and 12 showed cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell line with IC50 values in the range of 11.75–47.4 μg/mL. Eventually, the isolated compounds were screened against six bacterial strains and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, demonstrating weak to moderate activities.
Kosterlitz-Thouless and Potts transitions in a generalized XY model
Creators: name: Canova, Gabriel A.
name: Levin, Yan
name: Arenzon, Jeferson J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present extensive numerical simulations of a generalized XY model with nematic-like terms recently proposed by Poderoso {\it et al} [PRL 106(2011)067202]. Using finite size scaling and focusing on the $q=3$ case, we locate the transitions between the paramagnetic (P), the nematic-like (N) and the ferromagnetic (F) phases. The results are compared with the recently derived lower bounds for the P-N and P-F transitions. While the P-N transition is found to be very close to the lower bound, the P-F transition occurs significantly above the bound. Finally, the transition between the nematic-like and the ferromagnetic phases is found to belong to the 3-states Potts universality class.
description: Extended and updated version of arXiv:1207.3447v1
The essential oil composition of the endemic plant species Centaurea vandasii and chemotaxonomy of section Phalolepis (Asteraceae)
Creators: name: Bancheva, Svetlana
name: Badalamenti, Natale
name: Bruno, Maurizio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: In the present study, the chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of the endemic plant species, Centaurea vandasii Velen (sect. Phalolepis, Asteraceae), collected in its locus classicus in Rhodope Mts, Bulgaria, was evaluated by GC-MS. The main components of the oil were hexadecanoic acid (18.3%), tetradecanoic acid (13.8%), caryophyllene oxide (12.1%) and germacrene D (8.4%). Furthermore, a complete literature review on the composition of the essential oils of all the other taxa of Centaurea, belonging to section Phalolepis, studied so far, was performed. HCA (Hierarchical Cluster Analysis) and PCA (Principal Component Analyses) were used in order to demonstrate chemotaxonomical variations in the composition of the essential oils.
De-biasing particle filtering for a continuous time hidden Markov model with a Cox process observation model
Creators: name: Jin, Ruiyang
name: Singh, Sumeetpal S.
name: Chopin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We develop a (nearly) unbiased particle filtering algorithm for a specific class of continuous-time state-space models, such that (a) the latent process $X_t$ is a linear Gaussian diffusion; and (b) the observations arise from a Poisson process with intensity $λ(X_t)$. The likelihood of the posterior probability density function of the latent process includes an intractable path integral. Our algorithm relies on Poisson estimates which approximate unbiasedly this integral. We show how we can tune these Poisson estimates to ensure that, with large probability, all but a few of the estimates generated by the algorithm are positive. Then replacing the negative estimates by zero leads to a much smaller bias than what would obtain through discretisation. We quantify the probability of negative estimates for certain special cases and show that our particle filter is effectively unbiased. We apply our method to a challenging 3D single molecule tracking example with a Born and Wolf observation model.
description: 34 pages, 14 figures
Beam energy scan using a viscous hydro+cascade model
Creators: name: Karpenko, Iu. A.
name: Bleicher, M.
name: Huovinen, P.
name: Petersen, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following the experimental program at BNL RHIC, we perform a similar "energy scan" using 3+1D viscous hydrodynamics coupled to the UrQMD hadron cascade, and study the collision energy dependence of pion and kaon rapidity distributions and $m_T$-spectra, as well as charged hadron elliptic flow. To this aim the equation of state for finite baryon density from a Chiral model coupled to the Polyakov loop is employed for hydrodynamic stage. 3D initial conditions from UrQMD are used to study gradual deviation from boost-invariant scaling flow. We find that the inclusion of shear viscosity in the hydrodynamic stage of evolution consistently improves the description of the data for Pb-Pb collisions at CERN SPS, as well as of the elliptic flow measurements for Au-Au collisions in the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at BNL RHIC. The suggested value of shear viscosity is $η/s\ge0.2$ for $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=6.3\dots39$ GeV.
description: 4 pages, to appear in the proceedings of Strangeness in Quark Matter 2013 conference
Polyketones from the endophytic fungus Cytospora rhizophorae
Creators: name: Liu, Hongxin
name: Liu, Zhaoming
name: Chen, Yuchan
name: Tan, Haibo
name: Zhang, Wenge
name: Zhang, Weimin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Cytosporaphenones D (1) and E (2), two new polyketones, and one new natural product 1,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-8-formylxanthone (3), along with four known compounds, were isolated from Cytospora rhizophorae, an endophytic fungus from Morinda officinalis. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and X-ray diffraction technique.
New bicyclic [3.2.1] octane neolignan derivative from Aniba firmula
Creators: name: Santos, Mario F. C.
name: Feliciano, Cristiane dos R.
name: Neto, Albert K.
name: de Paula, Daniela A. Chagas
name: Soares, Marisi G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: bicyclic [3.2.1] octane neolignans have garnered increasing interest, because of their unique structural features and biological activities. This study describes the isolation and identification of a new bicyclic octane neolignan 1 obtained through fractionation of the crude extract of the stem of Aniba firmula (Lauraceae family). The structure of bicyclic octane neolignan 1 was determined through NMR analysis and mass spectrometry data.
Fermi surface in the hidden-order state of URu$_2$Si$_2$ under intense pulsed magnetic fields up to 81~T
Creators: name: Scheerer, G. W.
name: Knafo, W.
name: Aoki, D.
name: Nardone, M.
name: Zitouni, A.
name: Béard, J.
name: Billette, J.
name: Barata, J.
name: Jaudet, C.
name: Suleiman, M.
name: Frings, P.
name: Drigo, L.
name: Audouard, A.
name: Matsuda, T. D.
name: Pourret, A.
name: Knebel, G.
name: Flouquet, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of the resistivity $ρ_{x,x}$ of URu2Si2 high-quality single crystals in pulsed high magnetic fields up to 81~T at a temperature of 1.4~K and up to 60~T at temperatures down to 100~mK. For a field \textbf{H} applied along the magnetic easy-axis \textbf{c}, a strong sample-dependence of the low-temperature resistivity in the hidden-order phase is attributed to a high carrier mobility. The interplay between the magnetic and orbital properties is emphasized by the angle-dependence of the phase diagram, where magnetic transition fields and crossover fields related to the Fermi surface properties follow a 1/$\cosθ$-law, $θ$ being the angle between \textbf{H} and \textbf{c}. For $\mathbf{H}\parallel\mathbf{c}$, a crossover defined at a kink of $ρ_{x,x}$, as initially reported in [Shishido et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{102}, 156403 (2009)], is found to be strongly sample-dependent: its characteristic field $μ_0H^*$ varies from $\simeq20$~T in our best sample with a residual resistivity ratio RRR of $225$ to $\simeq25$~T in a sample with a RRR of $90$. A second crossover is defined at the maximum of $ρ_{x,x}$ at the sample-independent characteristic field $μ_0H_{ρ,max}^{LT}\simeq30$~T. Fourier analyzes of SdH oscillations show that $H_{ρ,max}^{LT}$ coincides with a sudden modification of the Fermi surface, while $H^*$ lies in a regime where the Fermi surface is smoothly modified. For $\mathbf{H}\parallel\mathbf{a}$, i) no phase transition is observed at low temperature and the system remains in the hidden-order phase up to 81~T, ii) quantum oscillations surviving up to 7~K are related to a new and almost-spherical orbit - for the first time observed here - at the frequency $F_λ\simeq1400$~T and associated with a low effective mass $m^*_λ=(1\pm0.5)\cdot m_0$, and iii) no Fermi surface modification occurs up to 81~T.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Two new dammarane-type ginsenosides from Panax ginseng
Creators: name: Niu, Xueni
name: Fan, Xiaoyu
name: Lv, Chongning
name: Lu, Jincai
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Two new dammarane-type ginsenosides elucidated as 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-[α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-20(S)-protopanaxadiol, named Ginsenoside Rb6(2); (Z)-6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-dammar-20(22), 24-diene-3β, 6α, 12β-triol, named (20Z)-Ginsenoside Rh4 (4); along with five known ginsenosides(1, 3, 5, 6, 7) were isolated from the radix and rhizome of wild ginseng (Panax ginseng). The structures were determined by chemical and comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS and hydrolysis reaction.
Attacks And Counterattacks On Wireless Sensor Networks
Creators: name: Fatema, Nusrat
name: Brad, Remus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: WSN is formed by autonomous nodes with partial memory, communication range, power, and bandwidth. Their occupation depends on inspecting corporal and environmental conditions and communing through a system and performing data processing. The application field is vast, comprising military, ecology, healthcare, home or commercial and require a highly secured communication. The paper analyses different types of attacks and counterattacks and provides solutions for the WSN threats
Optimal policies for Bayesian olfactory search in turbulent flows
Creators: name: Heinonen, Robin A.
name: Biferale, Luca
name: Celani, Antonio
name: Vergassola, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In many practical scenarios, a flying insect must search for the source of an emitted cue which is advected by the atmospheric wind. On the macroscopic scales of interest, turbulence tends to mix the cue into patches of relatively high concentration over a background of very low concentration, so that the insect will only detect the cue intermittently and cannot rely on chemotactic strategies which simply climb the concentration gradient. In this work, we cast this search problem in the language of a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) and use the Perseus algorithm to compute strategies that are near-optimal with respect to the arrival time. We test the computed strategies on a large two-dimensional grid, present the resulting trajectories and arrival time statistics, and compare these to the corresponding results for several heuristic strategies, including (space-aware) infotaxis, Thompson sampling, and QMDP. We find that the near-optimal policy found by our implementation of Perseus outperforms all heuristics we test by several measures. We use the near-optimal policy to study how the search difficulty depends on the starting location. We discuss additionally the choice of initial belief and the robustness of the policies to changes in the environment. Finally, we present a detailed and pedagogical discussion about the implementation of the Perseus algorithm, including the benefits -- and pitfalls -- of employing a reward shaping function.
description: 33 pages, 12 figures
Length orthospectrum of convex bodies on flat tori
Creators: name: Dang, Nguyen Viet
name: Léautaud, Matthieu
name: Rivière, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In analogy with the study of Pollicott-Ruelle resonances on negatively curved manifolds, we define anisotropic Sobolev spaces that are well-adapted to the analysis of the geodesic vector field associated with any translation invariant Finsler metric on the torus $\mathbb{T}^d$. Among several applications of this functional point of view, we study properties of geodesics that are orthogonal to two convex subsets of $\mathbb{T}^d$ (i.e. projection of the boundaries of strictly convex bodies of $\mathbb{R}^d$). Associated with the set of lengths of such orthogeodesics, we define a geometric Epstein function and prove its meromorphic continuation. We compute its residues in terms of intrinsic volumes of the convex sets. We also prove Poisson-type summation formulae relating the set of lengths of orthogeodesics and the spectrum of magnetic Laplacians.
Natural based products for cleaning copper and copper alloys artefacts
Creators: name: Macchia, Andrea
name: Colasanti, Irene Angela
name: Rivaroli, Laura
name: Favero, Gabriele
name: de, Tilde
name: Munoz, Leonardo Pantoja
name: Campanella, Luigi
name: La Russa, Mauro Francesco
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Science Policy

description: Copper alloys objects can deteriorate their conservation state through irreversible corrosion. Since in the cultural heritage field every artefact is unique and any loss irreplaceable, solutions for conservation are needed. Hence, there is the necessity to stop the corrosion process with a suitable cleaning and conservation process to avoid further degradation processes without changing its morphological aspect. Chelating solutions are commonly used in chemical cleaning, mainly sodium salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). However, it is resistant to water purification procedures and is not biodegradable. The goal of this study was to see if applying an ecologically friendly chelating agent as an alternative to EDTA cleaning procedures for cultural heritage was suitable. In this study were chosen six natural-based chelators that could be a new green non-toxic alternative to EDTA in corrosion-inhibiting properties. They were tested for cleaning copper artefacts exposed to atmospheric environment in polluted areas. The study considered four amino acids, a glucoheptonate (CSA) and an industrial green chelator (GLDA). The effectiveness was tested on corrosion copper compounds and on laboratory corroded copper sheets. Finally, the cleaning efficacy was tested on four Roman coins and a modern copper painting. To define the cleaning efficacy, surface analytical investigations have been carried out by means ICP-OES, UV-VIS, µ-Raman, spectro-colorimetry, XRD and FTIR. Among the amino acids, alanine was the most effective, showing an unaltered noble patina and a good effective copper recovery from corrosion patinas.
Structured priors for survey estimates in the presence of non-representative data.
Creators: name: Gao, Yuxiang
name: Simpson, Daniel
name: Kennedy, Lauren
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: A central theme in the field of survey statistics is estimating population-level quantities through data coming from potentially non-representative samples of the population. Multilevel Regression and Poststratification (MRP), a model-based approach, is gaining traction against the traditional weighted approach for survey estimates. MRP uses partial pooling through random effects, thus shrinking model estimates to an overall mean and reducing potential overfitting. Despite MRP’s straightforward specification of prior distributions, the estimates coming from it are susceptible to bias if there is an underlying structure that the prior does not capture. This work aims to provide a new framework for specifying structured prior distributions that lead to bias reduction in MRP estimates. We use simulation studies to explore the benefit of these priors and demonstrate on US survey data.
RLHF-Blender: A Configurable Interactive Interface for Learning from Diverse Human Feedback
Creators: name: Metz, Yannick
name: Lindner, David
name: Baur, Raphaël
name: Keim, Daniel
name: El-Assady, Mennatallah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To use reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) in practical applications, it is crucial to learn reward models from diverse sources of human feedback and to consider human factors involved in providing feedback of different types. However, the systematic study of learning from diverse types of feedback is held back by limited standardized tooling available to researchers. To bridge this gap, we propose RLHF-Blender, a configurable, interactive interface for learning from human feedback. RLHF-Blender provides a modular experimentation framework and implementation that enables researchers to systematically investigate the properties and qualities of human feedback for reward learning. The system facilitates the exploration of various feedback types, including demonstrations, rankings, comparisons, and natural language instructions, as well as studies considering the impact of human factors on their effectiveness. We discuss a set of concrete research opportunities enabled by RLHF-Blender. More information is available at https://rlhfblender.info/.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
Nonclassical advantage in metrology established via quantum simulations of hypothetical closed timelike curves
Creators: name: Arvidsson-Shukur, David R. M.
name: McConnell, Aidan G.
name: Halpern, Nicole Yunger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a metrology experiment in which the metrologist can sometimes amend her input state by simulating a closed timelike curve, a worldline that travels backward in time. The existence of closed timelike curves is hypothetical. Nevertheless, they can be simulated probabilistically by quantum-teleportation circuits. We leverage such simulations to pinpoint a counterintuitive nonclassical advantage achievable with entanglement. Our experiment echoes a common information-processing task: A metrologist must prepare probes to input into an unknown quantum interaction. The goal is to infer as much information per probe as possible. If the input is optimal, the information gained per probe can exceed any value achievable classically. The problem is that, only after the interaction does the metrologist learn which input would have been optimal. The metrologist can attempt to change her input by effectively teleporting the optimal input back in time, via entanglement manipulation. The effective time travel sometimes fails but ensures that, summed over trials, the metrologist's winnings are positive. Our Gedankenexperiment demonstrates that entanglement can generate operational advantages forbidden in classical chronology-respecting theories.
description: 5+5 pages. 2+2 figures. As published in PRL
PoP-ARE Tool to Extract Systems-of-Systems Non-Functional Requirements from Processes-of-Business Processes
Creators: name: Molina, Sidny
name: Nabarrete Costa, Murilo Gustavo
name: Almeida Molina, Sidny
name: Maria Barroso Paiva, Debora
name: Cagnin, Maria Istela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 461205
subject: Requirements engineering

description: Context: Assuring the interoperability between distinct software systems, which form Systems-of-Systems (SoS), aiming to reach business objectives of alliances of organizations (i.e., fusion, acquisition or partnership) is challenging. One reason is the managerial and operational independence of these systems. Information obtained from the business level of alliances can help SoS requirements engineers to better understand the interoperability and fault tolerance requirements throughout the interoperability to achieve the SoS stability. Objective: We present PoP-ARE, a guideline-based tool for extracting and specifying SoS interoperability and fault tolerance requirements from models of complex and dynamic business processes of alliances of organizations called Processes-of-Business Processes (PoP). Method: To observe the ease of use and usefulness of PoP-ARE, we conducted a study with four SoS engineers of two SoS using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Results: The results indicate that all of the participants agreed with the ease of tool use, and 75% stated its usefulness. Also, they intend to use PoP-ARE in SoS evolution. Conclusion: As PoP-ARE supports the extraction and specification of SoS interoperability and fault tolerance requirements aligned to the business, its outcomes can positively contribute to the SoS stability and the achievement of the business objectives of alliances of organizations
Swift J053041.9-665426, a new Be/X-ray binary pulsar in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Vasilopoulos, G.
name: Maggi, P.
name: Haberl, F.
name: Sturm, R.
name: Pietsch, W.
name: Bartlett, E. S.
name: Coe, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observed the newly discovered X-ray source Swift J053041.9-665426 in the X-ray and optical regime to confirm its proposed nature as a high mass X-ray binary. We obtained XMM-Newton and Swift X-ray data, along with optical observations with the ESO Faint Object Spectrograph, to investigate the spectral and temporal characteristics of Swift J053041.9-665426. The XMM-Newton data show coherent X-ray pulsations with a period of 28.77521(10) s (1 sigma). The X-ray spectrum can be modelled by an absorbed power law with photon index within the range 0.76 to 0.87. The addition of a black body component increases the quality of the fit but also leads to strong dependences of the photon index, black-body temperature and absorption column density. We identified the only optical counterpart within the error circle of XMM-Newton at an angular distance of ~0.8 arcsec, which is 2MASS J05304215-6654303. We performed optical spectroscopy from which we classify the companion as a B0-1.5Ve star. The X-ray pulsations and long-term variability, as well as the properties of the optical counterpart, confirm that Swift J053041.9-665426 is a new Be/X-ray binary pulsar in the Large Magellanic Cloud.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
On the role of AGN feedback on the thermal and chemodynamical properties of the hot intra-cluster medium
Creators: name: Planelles, S.
name: Borgani, S.
name: Fabjan, D.
name: Killedar, M.
name: Murante, G.
name: Granato, G. L.
name: Ragone-Figueroa, C.
name: Dolag, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the properties of the ICM in an extended set of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy clusters and groups performed with the TreePM+SPH GADGET-3 code. Besides a set of non-radiative simulations, we carried out two sets of simulations including radiative cooling, star formation, metal enrichment and feedback from supernovae, one of which also accounts for the effect of feedback from AGN resulting from gas accretion onto super-massive black holes. These simulations are analysed with the aim of studying the relative role played by SN and AGN feedback on the general properties of the diffuse hot baryons in galaxy clusters and groups: scaling relations, temperature, entropy and pressure radial profiles, and ICM chemical enrichment. We find that simulations including AGN feedback produce scaling relations that are in good agreement with X-ray observations at all mass scales. However, our simulations are not able to account for the observed diversity between CC and NCC clusters: unlike for observations, we find that temperature and entropy profiles of relaxed and unrelaxed clusters are quite similar and resemble more the observed behaviour of NCC clusters. As for the pattern of metal enrichment, we find that an enhanced level of iron abundance is produced by AGN feedback with respect to the case of purely SN feedback. As a result, while simulations including AGN produce values of iron abundance in groups in agreement with observations, they over-enrich the ICM in massive clusters. The efficiency of AGN feedback in displacing enriched gas from halos into the inter-galactic medium at high redshift also creates a widespread enrichment in the outskirts of clusters and produces profiles of iron abundance whose slope is in better agreement with observations.
description: 23 pages, 14 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Simple generic picture of toughness in solid polymer blends
Creators: name: Mukherji, Debashish
name: Agarwal, Shubham
name: de Oliveira, Tiago Espinosa
name: Ruscher, Céline
name: Rottler, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Toughness $\mathcal{T}$ of a brittle polymeric solid can be enhanced by blending another compatible and ductile polymer. While this common wisdom is generally valid, a generic picture is lacking that connects the atomistic details to the macroscopic non-linear mechanics. Using all-atom and complementary generic simulations we show how a delicate balance between the side group contact density of the brittle polymers $ρ_{\rm c}$ and its dilution upon adding a second component controls $\mathcal{T}$. A broad range of systems follows a universal trend in $\mathcal{T}$ with ${\rm d}ρ_{\rm c}/{\rm d}\varepsilon$, where $\varepsilon$ is the tensile strain. The simulation data is consistent with a simple model based on the parallel spring analogy.
The Currency of Place and the Short-Term Rental Market
Creators: name: Brunila, Mikael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Airbnb and short-term rentals are raising rents in cities through the use of new technologies and by catering to culturally savvy populations. As a phenomenon of the attention economy, Airbnb is a platform where meaning becomes priced, as efficient and attractive communication is awarded by more bookings. In this paper, we look at how this capitalization of meaning can be understood by modelling the use of neighbourhood names. Using Natural Language Processing techniques and Bayesian hierarchical logit models with Intrinsic Auto-Regressive priors, we explore how listings draw upon the value placed on well-known neighbourhoods to promote themselves. Our findings separate different spatial effects as well as neighbourhood and listing level patterns that help us explain how neighbourhood names are deployed to promote short-term rentals on Airbnb.
Spin fragmentation of Bose-Einstein condensates with antiferromagnetic interactions
Creators: name: De Sarlo, Luigi
name: Shao, Lingxuan
name: Corre, Vincent
name: Zibold, Tilman
name: Jacob, David
name: Dalibard, Jean
name: Gerbier, Fabrice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study spin fragmentation of an antiferromagnetic spin 1 condensate in the presence of a quadratic Zeeman (QZ) effect breaking spin rotational symmetry. We describe how the QZ effect turns a fragmented spin state, with large fluctuations of the Zeemans populations, into a regular polar condensate, where atoms all condense in the $m=0$ state along the field direction. We calculate the average value and variance of the Zeeman state $m=0$ to illustrate clearly the crossover from a fragmented to an unfragmented state. The typical width of this crossover is $q \sim k_B T/N$, where $q$ is the QZ energy, $T$ the spin temperature and $N$ the atom number. This shows that spin fluctuations are a mesoscopic effect that will not survive in the thermodynamic limit $N\rightarrow \infty$, but are observable for sufficiently small atom number.
description: submitted to NJP
Unifying Two-Stream Encoders with Transformers for Cross-Modal Retrieval
Creators: name: Bin, Yi
name: Li, Haoxuan
name: Xu, Yahui
name: Xu, Xing
name: Yang, Yang
name: Shen, Heng Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most existing cross-modal retrieval methods employ two-stream encoders with different architectures for images and texts, \textit{e.g.}, CNN for images and RNN/Transformer for texts. Such discrepancy in architectures may induce different semantic distribution spaces and limit the interactions between images and texts, and further result in inferior alignment between images and texts. To fill this research gap, inspired by recent advances of Transformers in vision tasks, we propose to unify the encoder architectures with Transformers for both modalities. Specifically, we design a cross-modal retrieval framework purely based on two-stream Transformers, dubbed \textbf{Hierarchical Alignment Transformers (HAT)}, which consists of an image Transformer, a text Transformer, and a hierarchical alignment module. With such identical architectures, the encoders could produce representations with more similar characteristics for images and texts, and make the interactions and alignments between them much easier. Besides, to leverage the rich semantics, we devise a hierarchical alignment scheme to explore multi-level correspondences of different layers between images and texts. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed HAT, we conduct extensive experiments on two benchmark datasets, MSCOCO and Flickr30K. Experimental results demonstrate that HAT outperforms SOTA baselines by a large margin. Specifically, on two key tasks, \textit{i.e.}, image-to-text and text-to-image retrieval, HAT achieves 7.6\% and 16.7\% relative score improvement of Recall@1 on MSCOCO, and 4.4\% and 11.6\% on Flickr30k respectively. The code is available at \url{https://github.com/LuminosityX/HAT}.
description: Accepted at ACM Multimedia 2023
FIM tips in SPM: Apex orientation and temperature considerations on atom transfer and diffusion
Creators: name: Paul, William
name: Oliver, David
name: Miyahara, Yoichi
name: Grütter, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atoms transferred to W(111) and W(110) tip apices from the Au(111) surface during tunneling and approach to mechanical contact experiments in STM are characterized in FIM at room temperature and at 158 K. The different activation energies for diffusion on the (111) and (110) tip planes and the experiment temperature are shown to be important factors controlling the extent of changes to the atomic structure of the tip. W(111) tips are much better suited to scanning probe studies which require the characterization of an atomically defined tip and subsequent verification of its integrity in FIM. The statistics of the observed spikes in the tunneling current when the tips are approached to Au(111) are interpreted using a simple model of adatoms diffusing through the STM junction.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures
Quantum many-body Jarzynski equality and dissipative noise on a digital quantum computer
Creators: name: Hahn, Dominik
name: Dupont, Maxime
name: Schmitt, Markus
name: Luitz, David J.
name: Bukov, Marin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum Jarzynski equality and the Crooks relation are fundamental laws connecting equilibrium processes with nonequilibrium fluctuations. They are promising tools to benchmark quantum devices and measure free energy differences. While they are well established theoretically and also experimental realizations for few-body systems already exist, their experimental validity in the quantum many-body regime has not been observed so far. Here, we present results for nonequilibrium protocols in systems with up to sixteen interacting degrees of freedom obtained on trapped ion and superconducting qubit quantum computers, which test the quantum Jarzynski equality and the Crooks relation in the many-body regime. To achieve this, we overcome present-day limitations in the preparation of thermal ensembles and in the measurement of work distributions on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. We discuss the accuracy to which the Jarzynski equality holds on different quantum computing platforms subject to platform-specific errors. The analysis reveals the validity of Jarzynski's equality in a regime with energy dissipation, compensated for by a fast unitary drive. This provides new insights for analyzing errors in many-body quantum simulators.
description: 21 pages, 14 figures
GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy based metabolite profiling of Panchvalkal kwath (polyherbal formulation)
Creators: name: Singh, Pratistha
name: Ranjan, Renuka
name: Tripathi, Ruchita
name: Dixit, Jyoti
name: Sinha, Neeraj
name: Singh, Anil Kumar
name: Tiwari, Kavindra Nath
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Panchvalkal kwath (PK) is a bark formulation of five pharmacologically important plants, i.e., Ficus benghalensis, Ficus racemosa, Ficus religiosa, Thespesia populnea, and Ficus lacor. The Ayurvedic formulation is being used since ancient times to cure diabetes, bacterial infections and heal wounds. The present study aims to identify the metabolite profiles of PK which could explain its properties and its mode of action against specific diseases and disorders. The aqueous extract of Panchvalkal is prepared through a hot maceration process. The extract is subjected to preliminary identification of phytoconstituents and FTIR spectroscopy to recognize functional groups. GC-MS analysis reveals that the extract is enriched with 24-Norursa-3,12-diene (25.16%); Lup-20(29)-en-3-one (16.76%); 2-methyl-3-(4-propan-2-ylphenyl) propanal (7.04%); 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (11.21%) and 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-4-one (4.15%). The presence of three new phytocompounds that are 4-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methyl-1,3-dioxepane-5,6-diol; 1-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropylacetate and 4,4,6 A,6B,8A,11,11,14B-octamethyl-1,4,4A,5,6,6A,8,8a,910,11,12,12a,12b,13,14,14a,14b-ctadecahydro-3(2H)-picenone are detected in the extract. Metabolite profiles of the extract also constitute isoeugenol, stigmasterol, ergosterol, ocimene, myrcene, squalene, sphingosine, betulin, methyl ferulate and cis-jasmone, which are unraveled by 1 D 1H and 2 D 1H-13C HSQC NMR spectroscopy. This article focuses on the presence of different phytocompounds in PK in order to demonstrate its efficacy as a therapeutic formulation for a variety of diseases.
Simulating quantum circuits using efficient tensor network contraction algorithms with subexponential upper bound
Creators: name: Wahl, Thorsten B.
name: Strelchuk, Sergii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a rigorous upper bound on the classical computation time of finite-ranged tensor network contractions in $d \geq 2$ dimensions. Consequently, we show that quantum circuits of single-qubit and finite-ranged two-qubit gates can be classically simulated in subexponential time in the number of gates. Moreover, we present and implement an algorithm guaranteed to meet our bound and which finds contraction orders with vastly lower computational times in practice. In many practically relevant cases this beats standard simulation schemes and, for certain quantum circuits, also a state-of-the-art method. Specifically, our algorithm leads to speedups of several orders of magnitude over naive contraction schemes for two-dimensional quantum circuits on as little as an $8 \times 8$ lattice. We obtain similarly efficient contraction schemes for Google's Sycamore-type quantum circuits, instantaneous quantum polynomial-time circuits, and non-homogeneous (2+1)-dimensional random quantum circuits.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures