Amphibolips Reinhard 1865
Creators: name: Cuesta-Porta, Víctor
name: Equihua-Martínez, George Melika Armando
name: Estrada-Venegas, Edith G.
name: Cibrián-Tovar, David
name: Barrera-Ruíz, Uriel M.
name: Silva, Salvador Ordaz
name: Sánchez, Imelda Virginia López
name: Pujade-Villar, Juli
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Cynipidae
Amphibolips

description: Key to Amphibolips ‘ nassa -group’ galls
1. Galls underside of leaves............................................................................... 2
- Galls on buds........................................................................................ 4
2. Turgescent spherical galls (Fig. 7A), turning into a raisin-like wrinkled mass when dry........................ A. turulli
- Solid galls, sometimes very fragile, never turgescent. Galls either spherical or toadstool shaped. Maintaining its shape when dry................................................................................................. 3
3. Toadstool-shaped galls, with elongated stem. Light green sometimes tinged with rose or pink when young. Internal solid spongious parenchyma (Fig. 7D)....................................................... A. quercuspomiformis (sex).
- Spherical fragile galls. Greenish when fresh and dark brown when dry. Internal space hollow-like with hard filaments radiating from larval chamber......................................................................... A. salicifoliae
4. Galls fusiform, with internal hollow, with filaments connecting central larval chamber with gall epidermis (Figs 7C & 7H). Very fragile when dry and easily broken with minimal finger pressure................................................ 5
- Galls spherical to fusiform, with internal spongious parenchyma, sometimes soft, usually not break with finger pressure.... 6
5. Gall 20–25 mm long. Epidermis 1–2 mm thick. Internal space with thick and straight filaments radiating from larval chamber (Fig. 7C). Fusiform galls with mottled surface (Fig. 7B)................................................ A. aliciae
- Gall average 100 mm long. Epidermis thin, less than 1mm thick. Internal space with thin and irregular filaments, inconspicuously radiating from larval chamber (Fig. 7H). Fusiform galls with longitudinal ridges, not mottled.... A. magnigalla (part)
6. Gall elongated at base, with thick peduncle, central body subglobose, with smooth and mottled surface, never with apical tip......................................................................................... A. castroviejoi
- Gall different, globular without visible peduncle, sometimes with apical tip, or fusiform with both apical tip and thin peduncle (Figs 6D, 6F, 6H & 7 E–I)............................................................................... 7
7. Multilocular gall with up to 50 larval chambers (Fig. 6G). Surface yellowish to orange-rufous when mature, turning brownishorange when dry............................................................... A. quercuspomiformis (asex)
- Monolocular gall (Fig. 6E). Green or brown when mature, sometimes mottled; turning to uniform brown when dry........ 8
8. Spherical or sub-spherical gall with neither apical tip nor peduncle, epidermis always smooth (Figs 6D & F)............. 9
- Different shape: Globular gall with apical tip (Fig. 6H), fusiform (Figs 7 E–F), teardrop-shaped (Fig. 7G), or globular with epidermis coarsely rugose (Fig. 7I)...................................................................... 12
9. Deformable under fingers pressure, parenchyma relatively soft. Uniformly light brown when dry (Figs 6 D–E).......................................................... A. hidalgoensis / A. jaliscensis / A. michoacaensis / A. nigrialatus
- Hard galls not deformable under finger pressure, with lignified parenchyma. Colour sometimes different............... 10
10. Regularly spherical. Surface light green with whitish mottles when mature; turning uniformly light brown when dry......................................................................................... A. oaxacae / A. tarasco
- Subspherical, with small elongation towards the base. Surface never mottled and darker in colour.................... 11
11. Small gall, up to 20 mm in diameter with dark brown surface (Fig. 6F)....................................................................................... A. comini nom. nov. (= A. kinseyi Cuesta-Porta & Pujade-Villar, 2020)
- Usually large galls, up to 40 mm of diameter. Surface olive green when mature and turning brownish green when dry................................................................................................... A. bassae
12. Fusiform gall; peduncle subequal to apical tip (Figs 7 E–F).................................................... 13
- Globular gall; peduncle absent or distinctly shorter than apical tip (Figs 6H, 7G & 7I).............................. 16
13. Very elongated gall (Fig. 7F), more than 10x as long as maximum width; peduncle and apical tip strongly elongate. Epidermis fragile, thin................................................................................... A. bromus
- Wide fusiform gall, 3.0x as long as maximum width; peduncle and apical tip less than several times longer than central body (Fig. 7E). Epidermis firm, not fragile..................................................................... 14
14. Surface without longitudinal ridges, smooth, sometimes with faint granular aspect, (Fig. 7E). Epidermis 1–2 mm thick................................................................................................... A. fusus
- Surface with longitudinal ridges, smooth. Epidermis thin, less than 1 mm thick................................... 15
15. Medium gall, less than 60– 50 mm long on average. Peduncle and apical tip strongly narrowed into needle-like elongation. Firm when dry................................................................................. A. durangensis
- Large gall, average 100 mm long. Gall narrowing steadily towards peduncle and apical tip. Fragile when dry................................................................................................ A. magnigalla (part)
16. Small hard gall, up to 20 mm in diameter, with rugose surface and short apical tip (Fig. 7I). Epidermis thick, firm, with highly lignified parenchyma.......................................................................... A. cibriani
- Large gall, up to 60 mm in diameter, with smooth surface. Epidermis thin, firm or soft (Figs 6H & 7G). If firm, apical tip is the result of longitudinal elongation of gall (Fig. 7G)........................................................... 17
17. Teardrop shaped gall (Fig. 7G). Hard, do not deform at finger pressure. Surface usually mottled.Apical tip elongated, gradually narrowing apically, following more or less the shape of the gall................................................ 18
- Subglobular gall (Fig. 6H), can be deformed with applied finger pressure. Surface uniform in colour. Apical tip short..... 20
18. Globular gall, small size (around 20x 15 mm), gradually narrowing and ending in a short apical point, with mottled surface. On Q. calophylla .............................................................................. A. nevadensis
- Rather large gall, longer than wide (up to 55x 35 mm), slightly spindle-shaped at apex with long tip, surface mottled or not, host different........................................................................................... 19
19. Gall surface never mottled, uniformly brown. Apical tip narrow and slightly tortuous. On Q. castanea ............ A. nassa
- Gall surface mottled (Fig. 7G). Apical tip straight, narrowing gradually following the shape of the gall. On Q. eduardi, Q. emoryi and Q. viminea ............................................................................... A. rulli
20. Surface yellowish brown. Internal tissue uniformly light brown, relatively consistent, firm. Apical tip short and narrow, sometimes bent (Fig. 6H)....................................................................... A. zacatecaensis
- Surface chestnut brown. Internal tissue white to rosy around larval chamber, soft, cotton-like; light brown towards surface. Apical tip short, but broad.............................................................. A. dampfi / A. kinseyi
description: Published as part of Cuesta-Porta, Víctor, Equihua-Martínez, George Melika Armando, Estrada-Venegas, Edith G., Cibrián-Tovar, David, Barrera-Ruíz, Uriel M., Silva, Salvador Ordaz, Sánchez, Imelda Virginia López & Pujade-Villar, Juli, 2021, A new name for Amphibolips kinseyi Cuesta-Porta & Pujade-Villar and a revised key to the Amphibolips ' nassa' species-complex from Mexico and Central America (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), pp. 331-345 in Zootaxa 4938 (3) on pages 340-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4569695