cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Development of a neutrino detector capable of operating in space
Creators: name: Solomey, Nickolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 11956

description: The $ν$SOL experiment to operate a neutrino detector close to the Sun is building a small test detector to orbit the Earth to test the concept in space. This detector concept is to provide a new way to detect neutrinos unshielded in space. A double delayed coincidence on Gallium nuclei that have a large cross section for solar neutrino interactions emitting a conversion electron and converting the nuclei into an excited state of Germanium, which decays with a well-known energy and half-life. This unique signature permits operation of the detector volume mostly unshielded in space with a high single particle counting rate from gamma and cosmic ray events. The test detector concept which has been studied in the lab and is planned for a year of operations orbiting Earth which is scheduled for launch in late 2024. It will be surrounded by an active veto and shielding will be operated in a polar orbit around the Earth to validate the detector concept and study detailed background spectrums that can fake the double timing and energy signature from random galactic cosmic or gamma rays. The success of this new technology development will permit the design of a larger spacecraft with a mission to fly close to the Sun and is of importance to the primary science mission of the Heliophysics division of NASA Space Science Mission Directorate, which is to better understand the Sun by measuring details of our Sun's fusion core.
description: 15 Pisa Conference on Advanced Detector
Excitation and emission spectra of rubidium in rare-gas thin-films
Creators: name: Gerhardt, Ilja
name: Sin, Brian
name: Momose, Takamasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To understand the optical properties of atoms in solid state matrices, the absorption, excitation and emission spectra of rubidium doped thin-films of argon, krypton and xenon were investigated in detail. A two-dimensional spectral analysis extends earlier reports on the excitation and emission properties of rubidium in rare-gas hosts. We found that the doped crystals of krypton and xenon exhibit a simple absorption-emission relation, whereas rubidium in argon showed more complicated spectral structures. Our sample preparation employed in the present work yielded different results for the Ar crystal, but our peak positions were consistent with the prediction based on the linear extrapolation of Xe and Kr data. We also observed a bleaching behavior in rubidium excitation spectra, which suggests a population transfer from one to another spectral feature due to hole-burning. The observed optical response implies that rubidium in rare-gas thin-films is detectable with extremely high sensitivity, possibly down to a single atom level, in low concentration samples.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Deep transformation models for functional outcome prediction after acute ischemic stroke
Creators: name: Herzog, Lisa
name: Kook, Lucas
name: Götschi, Andrea
name: Petermann, Katrin
name: Hänsel, Martin
name: Hamann, Janne
name: Dürr, Oliver
name: Wegener, Susanne
name: Sick, Beate
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In many medical applications, interpretable models with high prediction performance are sought. Often, those models are required to handle semi-structured data like tabular and image data. We show how to apply deep transformation models (DTMs) for distributional regression which fulfill these requirements. DTMs allow the data analyst to specify (deep) neural networks for different input modalities making them applicable to various research questions. Like statistical models, DTMs can provide interpretable effect estimates while achieving the state-of-the-art prediction performance of deep neural networks. In addition, the construction of ensembles of DTMs that retain model structure and interpretability allows quantifying epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty. In this study, we compare several DTMs, including baseline-adjusted models, trained on a semi-structured data set of 407 stroke patients with the aim to predict ordinal functional outcome three months after stroke. We follow statistical principles of model-building to achieve an adequate trade-off between interpretability and flexibility while assessing the relative importance of the involved data modalities. We evaluate the models for an ordinal and dichotomized version of the outcome as used in clinical practice. We show that both, tabular clinical and brain imaging data, are useful for functional outcome prediction, while models based on tabular data only outperform those based on imaging data only. There is no substantial evidence for improved prediction when combining both data modalities. Overall, we highlight that DTMs provide a powerful, interpretable approach to analyzing semi-structured data and that they have the potential to support clinical decision making.
description: Preprint under review
Nuclear properties with semilocal momentum-space regularized chiral interactions beyond N2LO
Creators: name: Maris, P.
name: Roth, R.
name: Epelbaum, E.
name: Furnstahl, R. J.
name: Golak, J.
name: Hebeler, K.
name: Hüther, T.
name: Kamada, H.
name: Krebs, H.
name: Le, H.
name: Meißner, Ulf-G.
name: Melendez, J. A.
name: Nogga, A.
name: Reinert, P.
name: Skibiński, R.
name: Vary, J. P.
name: Witała, H.
name: Wolfgruber, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive investigation of few-nucleon systems as well as light and medium-mass nuclei up to $A=48$ using the current Low Energy Nuclear Physics International Collaboration two-nucleon interactions in combination with the third-order (N$^2$LO) three-nucleon forces. To address the systematic overbinding of nuclei starting from $A \sim 10$ found in our earlier study utilizing the N$^2$LO two- and three-nucleon forces, we take into account higher-order corrections to the two-nucleon potentials up through fifth order in chiral effective field theory. The resulting Hamiltonian can be completely determined using the $A=3$ binding energies and selected nucleon-deuteron cross sections as input. It is then shown to predict other nucleon-deuteron scattering observables and spectra of light $p$-shell nuclei, for which a detailed correlated truncation error analysis is performed, in agreement with experimental data. Moreover, the predicted ground state energies of nuclei in the oxygen isotopic chain from $^{14}$O to $^{26}$O as well as $^{40}$Ca and $^{48}$Ca show a remarkably good agreement with experimental values, given that the Hamiltonian is fixed completely from the $A \leq 3$ data, once the fourth-order (N$^3$LO) corrections to the two-nucleon interactions are taken into account. On the other hand, the charge radii are found to be underpredicted by $\sim 10\%$ for the oxygen isotopes and by almost $20\%$ for $^{40}$Ca and $^{48}$Ca.
description: 20 pages, 14 figures, 8 tables
A CTC Alignment-based Non-autoregressive Transformer for End-to-end Automatic Speech Recognition
Creators: name: Fan, Ruchao
name: Chu, Wei
name: Chang, Peng
name: Alwan, Abeer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Recently, end-to-end models have been widely used in automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. Two of the most representative approaches are connectionist temporal classification (CTC) and attention-based encoder-decoder (AED) models. Autoregressive transformers, variants of AED, adopt an autoregressive mechanism for token generation and thus are relatively slow during inference. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of a CTC Alignment-based Single-Step Non-Autoregressive Transformer (CASS-NAT) for end-to-end ASR. In CASS-NAT, word embeddings in the autoregressive transformer (AT) are substituted with token-level acoustic embeddings (TAE) that are extracted from encoder outputs with the acoustical boundary information offered by the CTC alignment. TAE can be obtained in parallel, resulting in a parallel generation of output tokens. During training, Viterbi-alignment is used for TAE generation, and multiple training strategies are further explored to improve the word error rate (WER) performance. During inference, an error-based alignment sampling method is investigated in depth to reduce the alignment mismatch in the training and testing processes. Experimental results show that the CASS-NAT has a WER that is close to AT on various ASR tasks, while providing a ~24x inference speedup. With and without self-supervised learning, we achieve new state-of-the-art results for non-autoregressive models on several datasets. We also analyze the behavior of the CASS-NAT decoder to explain why it can perform similarly to AT. We find that TAEs have similar functionality to word embeddings for grammatical structures, which might indicate the possibility of learning some semantic information from TAEs without a language model.
description: Published in IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
The hadronic nucleus-nucleus cross section and the nucleon size
Creators: name: Nijs, Govert
name: van der Schee, Wilke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Even though the total hadronic nucleus-nucleus cross section is among the most fundamental observables, it has only recently been measured precisely for lead-lead collisions at the LHC. This measurement implies the nucleon width should be below 0.7 fm, which is in contradiction with all known state-of-the-art Bayesian estimates. We study the implications of the smaller nucleon width on quark-gluon plasma properties such as the bulk viscosity. The smaller nucleon width dramatically improves the description of several triple-differential observables.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures + Appendix. v2: added XeXe results. Trajectum can be downloaded at https://sites.google.com/view/govertnijs/trajectum, output files and plotting routines at http://wilkevanderschee.nl/
Nonlinear Schrödinger equations near an infinite well potential
Creators: name: Bartsch, Thomas
name: Parnet, Mona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J20, 35J61, 35J91, 35Q55, 58E05

description: The paper deals with standing wave solutions of the dimensionless nonlinear Schrödinger equation \label{eq:abs1} iΦ_t(x,t) = -Δ_xΦ+V_\la(x)Φ+ f(x,Φ), \quad x\in\R^N,\ t\in\R,\tag{$NLS_\la$} where the potential $V_\la:\R^N\to\R$ is close to an infinite well potential $V_\infty:\R^N\to\R$, i. e. $V_\infty=\infty$ on an exterior domain $\R^N\setminus\Om$, $V_\infty|_\Om\in L^\infty(\Om)$, and $V_\la\to V_\infty$ as $\la\to\infty$ in a sense to be made precise. The nonlinearity may be of Gross-Pitaevskii type. A solution of \eqref{eq:abs1} with $\la=\infty$ vanishes on $\R^N\setminus\Om$ and satisfies Dirichlet boundary conditions, hence it solves \label{eq:abs2} iΦ_t(x,t) &= -Δ_xΦ+V_\la(x)Φ+ f(x,Φ), &&\quad x\in\Om,\ t\in\R Φ(x,t) &= 0 &&\quad x\in\pa\Om,\ t\in\R. \tag{$NLS_\infty$}. We investigate when a solution $Φ_\infty$ of the infinite well potential \eqref{eq:abs2} gives rise to nearby solutions $Φ_\la$ of the finite well potential \eqref{eq:abs1} with $\la\gg1$ large. Considering \eqref{eq:abs2} as a singular limit of \eqref{eq:abs1} we prove a kind of singular continuation type results.
description: 22 pages
The cosmic shallows I: interaction of CMB photons in extended galaxy halos
Creators: name: Luparello, Heliana E.
name: Boero, Ezequiel F.
name: Lares, Marcelo
name: Sánchez, Ariel G.
name: Lambas, Diego García
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report and analyse the presence of foregrounds in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation associated to extended galactic halos. Using the cross correlation of Planck and WMAP maps and the 2MRS galaxy catalogue, we find that the mean temperature radial profiles around nearby galaxies at $cz\le 4500~\rm{km~s^{-1}}$ show a statistically significant systematic decrease of $\sim 15~μ\rm{K}$ extending up to several galaxy radii. This effect strongly depends on the galaxy morphological type at scales within several tens of times the galaxy size, becoming nearly independent of galaxy morphology at larger scales. The effect is significantly stronger for the more extended galaxies, with galaxy clustering having a large impact on the results. Our findings indicate the presence of statistically relevant foregrounds in the CMB maps that should be considered in detailed cosmological studies. Besides, we argue that these can be used to explore the intergalactic medium surrounding bright late-type galaxies and allow for diverse astrophysical analyses.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Uniform electron gases
Creators: name: Gill, Peter M. W.
name: Loos, Pierre-François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the traditional concept of the uniform electron gas (UEG) --- a homogeneous system of finite density, consisting of an infinite number of electrons in an infinite volume --- is inadequate to model the UEGs that arise in finite systems. We argue that, in general, a UEG is characterized by at least two parameters, \textit{viz.} the usual one-electron density parameter $ρ$ and a new two-electron parameter $η$. We outline a systematic strategy to determine a new density functional $E(ρ,η)$ across the spectrum of possible $ρ$ and $η$ values.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, 5 tables
Pattern Forming Mechanisms of Color Vision
Creators: name: Burstein, Zily
name: Reid, David D.
name: Thomas, Peter J.
name: Cowan, Jack D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While our understanding of the way single neurons process chromatic stimuli in the early visual pathway has advanced significantly in recent years, we do not yet know how these cells interact to form stable representations of hue. Drawing on physiological studies, we offer a dynamical model of how the primary visual cortex tunes for color, hinged on intracortical interactions and emergent network effects. After detailing the evolution of network activity through analytical and numerical approaches, we discuss the effects of the model's cortical parameters on the selectivity of the tuning curves. In particular, we explore the role of the model's thresholding nonlinearity in enhancing hue selectivity by expanding the region of stability, allowing for the precise encoding of chromatic stimuli in early vision. Finally, in the absence of a stimulus, the model is capable of explaining hallucinatory color perception via a Turing-like mechanism of biological pattern formation.
description: 21 pages, 15 figures
Four eccentric mergers increase the evidence that LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA's binary black holes form dynamically
Creators: name: Romero-Shaw, Isobel M.
name: Lasky, Paul D.
name: Thrane, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The growing population of compact binary mergers detected with gravitational waves contains multiple events that are challenging to explain through isolated binary evolution. Such events have higher masses than are expected in isolated binaries, component spin-tilt angles that are misaligned, and/or non-negligible orbital eccentricities. We investigate the orbital eccentricities of 62 binary black hole candidates from the third gravitational-wave transient catalogue of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration with an aligned-spin, moderate-eccentricity waveform model. Within this framework, we find that at least four of these events show significant support for eccentricity $e_{10} \geq 0.1$ at a gravitational-wave frequency of $10$~Hz ($> 60\%$ credibility, under a log-uniform eccentricity prior that spans the range $10^{-4} < e_{10} < 0.2$). Two of these events are new additions to the population: GW191109 and GW200208\_22. If the four eccentric candidates are truly eccentric, our results suggest that densely-populated star clusters may produce 100\% of the observed mergers. However, it remains likely that other formation environments with higher yields of eccentric mergers -- for example, active galactic nuclei -- also contribute. We estimate that we will be able to confidently distinguish which formation channel dominates the eccentric merger rate after $\gtrsim 80$ detections of events with $e_{10} \geq 0.05$ at LIGO--Virgo sensitivity, with only $\sim 5$ detectably-eccentric events required to distinguish formation channels with third-generation gravitational-wave detectors.
What can Gaussian Processes really tell us about supernova lightcurves? Consequences for Type II(b) morphologies and genealogies
Creators: name: Stevance, H. F.
name: Lee, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Machine learning has become widely used in astronomy. Gaussian Process (GP) regression in particular has been employed a number of times to fit or re-sample supernova (SN) light-curves, however by their nature typical GP models are not suited to fit SN photometric data and they will be prone to over-fitting. Recently GP re-sampling was used in the context of studying the morphologies of type II and IIb SNe and they were found to be clearly distinct with respect to four parameters: the rise time (t$_{\rm rise}$), the magnitude difference between 40 and 30 days post explosion ($Δm_{\rm 40-30}$), the earliest maximum (post-peak) of the first derivative (dm1) and minimum of the second derivative (dm2). Here we take a close look at GP regression and its limitations in the context of SN light-curves in general, and we also discuss the uncertainties on these specific parameters, finding that dm1 and dm2 cannot give reliable astrophysical information. We do reproduce the clustering in t$_{\rm rise}$--$Δm_{\rm 40-30}$ space although it is not as clear cut as previously presented. The best strategy to accurately populate the t$_{\rm rise}$-- $Δm_{\rm 40-30}$ space will be to use an expanded sample of high quality light-curves (such as those in the ATLAS transient survey) and analytical fitting methods. Finally, using the BPASS fiducial models, we predict that future photometric studies will reveal clear clustering of the type IIb and II light curve morphologies with a distinct continuum of transitional events.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Spectrum of Large N Glueballs: Holography vs Lattice
Creators: name: Dymarsky, Anatoly
name: Melnikov, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently there has been a notable progress in the study of glueball states in lattice gauge theories, in particular extrapolating their spectrum to the limit of large number of colors $N$. In this note we compare the large $N$ lattice results with the holographic predictions, focusing on the Klebanov-Strassler model. We note that glueball spectrum demonstrates approximate universality across a range of gauge theory models. Because of this universality the holographic models can give reliable predictions for the spectrum of pure $SU(N)$ Yang-Mills theories with and without supersymmetry. This is especially important for the supersymmetric theories, for which no firm lattice predictions exist yet, and the holographic models remain the most tractable approach. For non-supersymmetric pure $SU(N)$ theories with large $N$ we find an agreement within 5-8% between the lattice and holographic predictions for the mass ratios of the lightest states in various sectors. In particular both lattice and holography give predictions for the $2^{++}$ and $1^{--}$ mass ratio, consistent with the known constraints on the pomeron and odderon Regge trajectories.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures, 5 tables. This paper is an extended version of a contribution to proceedings of the Low X 2021 conference on Elba [arXiv:2206.11624], based on a talk given at that event by one of the authors
Nicotinic α7 acetylcholine receptor-mediated currents are not modulated by the tryptophan metabolite kynurenic acid in adult hippocampal interneurons
Creators: name: Dobelis, Peter
name: Varnell, Andrew L.
name: Staley, Kevin J.
name: Cooper, Donald C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The tryptophan metabolite, kynurenic acid (KYNA), is classically known to be an antagonist of ionotropic glutamate receptors. Within the last decade several reports have been published suggesting that KYNA also blocks nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) containing the \alpha7 subunit (\alpha7*). Most of these reports involve either indirect measurements of KYNA effects on \alpha7 nAChR function, or are reports of KYNA effects in complicated in vivo systems. However, a recent report investigating KYNA interactions with \alpha7 nAChRs failed to detect an interaction using direct measurements of \alpha7 nAChRs function. Further, it showed that a KYNA blockade of \alpha7 nAChR stimulated GABA release (an indirect measure of \alpha7 nAChR function) was not due to KYNA blockade of the \alpha7 nAChRs. The current study measured the direct effects of KYNA on \alpha7-containing nAChRs expressed on interneurons in the hilar and CA1 stratum radiatum regions of the mouse hippocampus and on interneurons in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus. Here we show that KYNA does not block \alpha7* nACHRs using direct patch-clamprecording of \alpha7 currents in adult brain slices.
description: 2 pages, 2 figures, Nature Precedings http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npre.2011.6277.1
56Ni, Explosive Nucleosynthesis, and SNe Ia Diversity
Creators: name: Truran, James W
name: Glasner, Ami S
name: Kim, Yeunjin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of the iron-group elements titanium to zinc in nature is understood to occur under explosive burning conditions in both Type Ia (thermonuclear) and Type II (core collapse) supernovae. In these dynamic environments, the most abundant product is found to be 56Ni (τ = 8.5 days) that decays through 56Co (τ = 111.5 days) to 56Fe. For the case of SNe Ia, the peak luminosities are proportional to the mass ejected in the form of 56Ni. It follows that the diversity of SNe Ia reflected in the range of peak luminosity provides a direct measure of the mass of 56Ni ejected. In this contribution, we identify and briefly discuss the factors that can influence the 56Ni mass and use both observations and theory to quantify their impact. We address specifically the variations in different stellar populations and possible distinctions with respect to SNe Ia progenitors.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
High-energy velocity tails in uniformly heated granular materials
Creators: name: Chen, Yangrui
name: Zhang, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally investigate the velocity distributions of quasi two-dimensional granular materials, which are homogeneously driven, i.e. uniformly heated, by an electromagnetic vibrator, where the translational velocity and the rotation of a single particle are Gaussian and independent. We observe the non-Gaussian distributions of particle velocity, with the density-independent high-energy tails characterized by an exponent of $β=1.50\pm0.03$ for volume fractions of $0.111\leϕ\le0.832$, covering a wide range of structures and dynamics. Surprisingly, our results are in excellent agreement with the prediction of the kinetic theories of granular gas, even for an extremely high volume fraction of $ϕ=0.832$ where the granular material forms a crystalline solid. Our experiment reveals that the density-independent high-energy velocity tails of $β=1.50$ are a fundamental property of uniformly heated granular matter.
The Periodic Signals of Nova V1674 Herculis (2021)
Creators: name: Patterson, Joseph
name: Epstein-Martin, Marguerite
name: Enenstein, Josie
name: Kemp, Jonathan
name: Sabo, Richard
name: Cooney, Walt
name: Vanmunster, Tonny
name: Dubovsky, Pavol
name: Hambsch, Franz-Josef
name: Myers, Gordon
name: Lemay, Damien
name: Sokolovsky, Kirill
name: Collins, Donald
name: Campbell, Tut
name: Roberts, George
name: Richmond, Michael
name: Brincat, Stephen
name: Ulowetz, Joseph
name: Dvorak, Shawn
name: Tordai, Tamas
name: Dufoer, Sjoerd
name: Cahaly, Andrew
name: Galdies, Charles
name: Goff, Bill
name: Wilkin, Francis
name: de Miguel, Enrique
name: Wood, Matt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present time-series photometry during eruption of the extremely fast nova V1674 Herculis (Nova Her 2021). The 2021 light curve showed periodic signals at 0.152921(3) d and 501.486(5) s, which we interpret as respectively the orbital and white dwarf spin-periods in the underlying binary. We also detected a sideband signal at the /difference/ frequency between these two clocks. During the first 15 days of outburst, the spin-period appears to have increased by 0.014(1)%. This increase probably arose from the sudden loss of high-angular-momentum gas ("the nova explosion") from the rotating, magnetic white dwarf. Both periodic signals appeared remarkably early in the outburst, which we attribute to the extreme speed with which the nova evolved (and became transparent to radiation from the inner binary). After that very fast initial increase of ~71 ms, the spin-period commenced a steady decrease of ~160 ms/year -- about 100x faster than usually seen in intermediate polars. This is probably due to high accretion torques from very high mass-transfer rates, which might be common when low-mass donor stars are strongly irradiated by a nova outburst.
description: PDF, 10 pages, 1 table, 3 figures; in preparation; more info at http://cbastro.org/
The contribution of cosmic rays to global warming
Creators: name: Sloan, Terry
name: Wolfendale, Arnold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search has been made for a contribution of the changing cosmic ray intensity to the global warming observed in the last century. The cosmic ray intensity shows a strong 11 year cycle due to solar modulation and the overall rate has decreased since 1900. These changes in cosmic ray intensity are compared to those of the mean global surface temperature to attempt to quantify any link between the two. It is shown that, if such a link exists, the changing cosmic ray intensity contributes less than 8% to the increase in the mean global surface temperature observed since 1900.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in J. of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial physics
Herniation of Endotracheal Tube Cuff in a Patient with Difficult Airway: A Case Report
Creators: name: Gujar, Sandhya
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Herniation
endotracheal tube cuff
swelling
nasopharangeal
para-tracheal region

description: A 16-year-old female was referred for a pan endoscopy with multiple biopsies for swellings in the nasopharyngeal and paratracheal regions. The patient had bilateral tonsil hypertrophy and grade II MPC with two finger mouth opening and soft tissue swelling compressing the trachea at C4 stage. After intubation patient had resistance to ventilation and desaturation.it was decided to remove tube and hand ventilate patient. After removal of tube, tube was seen to have cuff herniation towards upper end of ETT. The tube was changed, and the rest of the process went without a hitch.
Characterising the AGB bump and its potential to constrain mixing processes in stellar interiors
Creators: name: Dréau, G.
name: Lebreton, Y.
name: Mosser, B.
name: Bossini, D.
name: Yu, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the 90's, theoretical studies motivated the use of the asymptotic-giant branch bump (AGBb) as a standard candle given the weak dependence between its luminosity and stellar metallicity. Because of the small size of observed asymptotic-giant branch (AGB) samples, detecting the AGBb is not an easy task. However, this is now possible thanks to the wealth of data collected by the CoRoT, Kepler, and TESS space-borne missions. It is well-know that the AGB bump provides valuable information on the internal structure of low-mass stars, particularly on mixing processes such as core overshooting during the core He-burning phase. In this context, we analysed ~ 4,000 evolved giants observed by Kepler and TESS, including red-giant branch stars and AGB stars, for which asteroseismic and spectrometric data are available. By using statistical mixture models, we detected the AGBb both in frequency at maximum oscillation power and in effective temperature. Then, we used the Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics MESA stellar evolution code to model AGB stars and match the AGBb occurrence with observations. From observations, we could derive the AGBb location in 15 bins of mass and metallicity. We noted that the higher the mass, the later the AGBb occurs in the evolutionary track, which agrees with theoretical works. Moreover, we found a slight increase of the luminosity at the AGBb when the metallicity increases, which complicates the use of the AGBb as a standard candle. By fitting those observations with stellar models, we noticed that low-mass stars (M < 1.0 $M_{\odot}$) require a small core overshooting region during the core He-burning phase. This core overshooting extent increases toward high mass, but above M > 1.5 $M_{\odot}$ we found that the AGBb location cannot be reproduced with a realistic He-core overshooting alone, and instead additional mixing processes have to be invoked.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures, accepted in A&A
From Warfighting Needs to Robot Actuation: A Complete Rapid Integration Swarming Solution
Creators: name: Taranta, Eugene M.
name: Seiwert, Adam
name: Goeckner, Anthony
name: Nguyen, Khiem
name: Cherry, Erin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Swarm robotics systems have the potential to transform warfighting in urban environments, but until now have not seen large-scale field testing. We present the Rapid Integration Swarming Ecosystem (RISE), a platform for future multi-agent research and deployment. RISE enables rapid integration of third-party swarm tactics and behaviors, which was demonstrated using both physical and simulated swarms. Our physical testbed is composed of more than 250 networked heterogeneous agents and has been extensively tested in mock warfare scenarios at five urban combat training ranges. RISE implements live, virtual, constructive simulation capabilities to allow the use of both virtual and physical agents simultaneously, while our "fluid fidelity" simulation enables adaptive scaling between low and high fidelity simulation levels based on dynamic runtime requirements. Both virtual and physical agents are controlled with a unified gesture-based interface that enables a greater than 150:1 agent-to-operator ratio. Through this interface, we enable efficient swarm-based mission execution. RISE translates mission needs to robot actuation with rapid tactic integration, a reliable testbed, and efficient operation.
description: 58 pages, 29 figures. Published in Field Robotics
Enhanced and reduced transmission of acoustic waves with bubble meta-screens
Creators: name: Bretagne, Alice
name: Tourin, Arnaud
name: Leroy, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a class of sonic meta-screens for manipulating air-borne acoustic waves at ultrasonic or audible frequencies. Our screens consist of periodic arrangements of air bubbles in water or possibly embedded in a soft elastic matrix. They can be used for soundproofing, but also for exalting transmission at an air/water interface or even to achieve enhanced absorption.
Evidence for a milliparsec-separation Supermassive Binary Black Hole with quasar microlensing
Creators: name: Millon, M.
name: Dalang, C.
name: Lemon, C.
name: Sluse, D.
name: Paic, E.
name: Chan, J. H. H.
name: Courbin, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report periodic oscillations in the 15-year long optical light curve of the gravitationally lensed quasar QJ0158-4325. The signal is enhanced during a high magnification microlensing event undergone by the fainter lensed image of the quasar, between 2003 and 2010. We measure a period of $P_{o}=172.6\pm0.9$ days. We explore four scenarios to explain the origin of the periodicity: 1- the high magnification microlensing event is due to a binary star in the lensing galaxy, 2- QJ0158-4325 contains a massive binary black hole system in its final dynamical stage before merging, 3- the quasar accretion disk contains a bright inhomogeneity in Keplerian motion around the black hole, and 4- the accretion disk is in precession. Among these four scenarios, only a supermassive binary black hole can account for both the short observed period and the amplitude of the signal, through the oscillation of the accretion disk towards and away from high-magnification regions of a microlensing caustic. The short measured period implies that the semi-long axis of the orbit is $\sim10^{-3}$pc, and the coalescence timescale is $t_{coal}\sim1000$ years, assuming that the decay of the orbit is solely powered by the emission of gravitational waves. The probability of observing a system so close to coalescence suggests either a much larger population of supermassive black hole binaries than predicted, or, more likely, that some other mechanism significantly increases the coalescence timescale. Three tests of the binary black hole hypothesis include: i) the recurrence of oscillations in photometric monitoring during any future microlensing events in either image, ii) spectroscopic detection of Doppler shifts (up to 0.01$c$), and iii) the detection of gravitational waves through Pulsar Timing Array experiments, such as the SKA, which will have the sensitivity to detect the $\sim$100 nano-hertz emission.
description: 18 pages, 15 figures, published in A&A
Huygens-Fresnel-Kirchhoff construction for quantum propagators with application to diffraction in space and time
Creators: name: Goussev, Arseni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the phenomenon of diffraction of non-relativistic matter waves on openings in absorbing screens. To this end, we expand the full quantum propagator, connecting two points on the opposite sides of the screen, in terms of the free particle propagator and spatio-temporal properties of the opening. Our construction, based on the Huygens-Fresnel principle, describes the quantum phenomena of diffraction in space and diffraction in time, as well as the interplay between the two. We illustrate the method by calculating diffraction patterns for localized wave packets passing through various time-dependent openings in one and two spatial dimensions.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
The diurnal cycle and temporal trends of surface winds
Creators: name: Ashkenazy, Yosef
name: Yizhaq, Hezi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Winds play an essential role in the climate system. In this study, we analyze the global pattern of the diurnal cycle of surface (10 m) winds from the ERA5 reanalysis data. We find that over the land and especially over sand dune regions, the maximal wind speed and wind drift potential (DP) occur during the hours around midday. However, over the ocean, the wind also peaks at night. Using the sensible heat flux, we show that the weaker winds over land at night are due to a nocturnal cooling that decouples upper atmospheric levels and their associated stronger winds from the surface -- nocturnal cooling is much smaller over the ocean. We also analyze wind data from more than 400 meteorological stations in the USA and find a similar diurnal trend as in the reanalysis data. The timing (during the day) of the maximum wind speed has not varied much over the past 70 years. Yet, the wind speed, wind power, and wind drift potential exhibit significant increases with time over the ocean and, to a much lesser degree, over the land and sand dune regions. We compare the USA and Europe DP and wind speed of the ERA5 to that of meteorological stations and find that the ERA5 significantly underestimates real winds; however, the temporal patterns of the two are similar.
Explanations of Black-Box Models based on Directional Feature Interactions
Creators: name: Masoomi, Aria
name: Hill, Davin
name: Xu, Zhonghui
name: Hersh, Craig P
name: Silverman, Edwin K.
name: Castaldi, Peter J.
name: Ioannidis, Stratis
name: Dy, Jennifer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As machine learning algorithms are deployed ubiquitously to a variety of domains, it is imperative to make these often black-box models transparent. Several recent works explain black-box models by capturing the most influential features for prediction per instance; such explanation methods are univariate, as they characterize importance per feature. We extend univariate explanation to a higher-order; this enhances explainability, as bivariate methods can capture feature interactions in black-box models, represented as a directed graph. Analyzing this graph enables us to discover groups of features that are equally important (i.e., interchangeable), while the notion of directionality allows us to identify the most influential features. We apply our bivariate method on Shapley value explanations, and experimentally demonstrate the ability of directional explanations to discover feature interactions. We show the superiority of our method against state-of-the-art on CIFAR10, IMDB, Census, Divorce, Drug, and gene data.
First gravitational-wave search for intermediate-mass black hole mergers with higher order harmonics
Creators: name: Chandra, Koustav
name: Bustillo, Juan Calderón
name: Pai, Archana
name: Harry, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current matched-filter searches for gravitational waves from binary black-hole mergers compare the calibrated detector data to waveform templates that omit the higher-order mode content of the signals predicted by General Relativity. However, higher-order emission modes become important for highly inclined asymmetric sources with masses above $\simeq 100 M_\odot$, causing current searches to be ill-suited at detecting them. We present a new gravitational-wave search that implements templates including higher-order modes, adapted signal-glitch discriminators, and trigger-ranking statistics to specifically target signals displaying strong higher modes, corresponding to nearly edge-on sources with total redshifted masses in the intermediate-mass black-hole range $M_T(1+z) \in (100,500) M_\odot$ and mass-ratios $q\in(1,10)$. Our search shows a volumetric sensitivity gain of up to $450\%$ to these signals compared to existing searches omitting higher-order modes. We deploy our search on public data from the third observing run of Advanced LIGO. While we find no statistically significant candidates beyond those already reported elsewhere, our search sets the stage to search for higher-mode rich signals in future observing runs. The efficient detection of such signals is crucial to performing detailed tests of General Relativity, observing strong-field phenomena, and maximizing the chances of observing the yet uncharted realm of intermediate-mass black hole binaries.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, matches published version
Dynamic modulation of photonic crystal nanocavities using gigahertz acoustic phonons
Creators: name: Fuhrmann, Daniel A.
name: Thon, Susanna M.
name: Kim, Hyochul
name: Bouwmeester, Dirk
name: Petroff, Pierre M.
name: Wixforth, Achim
name: Krenner, Hubert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photonic crystal membranes (PCM) provide a versatile planar platform for on-chip implementations of photonic quantum circuits. One prominent quantum element is a coupled system consisting of a nanocavity and a single quantum dot (QD) which forms a fundamental building block for elaborate quantum information networks and a cavity quantum electrodynamic (cQED) system controlled by single photons. So far no fast tuning mechanism is available to achieve control within the system coherence time. Here we demonstrate dynamic tuning by monochromatic coherent acoustic phonons formed by a surface acoustic wave (SAW) with frequencies exceeding 1.7 gigahertz, one order of magnitude faster than alternative approaches. We resolve a periodic modulation of the optical mode exceeding eight times its linewidth, preserving both the spatial mode profile and a high quality factor. Since PCMs confine photonic and phononic excitations, coupling optical to acoustic frequencies, our technique opens ways towards coherent acoustic control of optomechanical crystals.
description: 11 pages 4 figures
Inclusive search for squarks and gluinos in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search is performed for heavy particle pairs produced in sqrt(s) = 7 TeV proton-proton collisions with 35 inverse picobarns of data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search is sensitive to squarks and gluinos of generic supersymmetry models, provided they are kinematically accessible, with minimal assumptions on properties of the lightest superpartner particle. The kinematic consistency of the selected events is tested against the hypothesis of heavy particle pair production using the dimensionless razor variable R, related to the missing transverse energy. The new physics signal is characterized by a broad peak in the distribution of MR, an event-by-event indicator of the heavy particle mass scale. This new approach is complementary to missing transverse energy-based searches. After background modeling based on data, and background rejection based on R and MR, no significant excess of events is found beyond the standard model expectations. The results are interpreted in the context of the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model as well as two simplified supersymmetry models.
description: CMS-SUS-10-009, CERN-PH-EP-2011-099
Accelerating dark energy models in bianchi Type-V space-time
Creators: name: Pradhan, Anirudh
name: Amirhashchi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some new exact solutions of Einstein's field equations in a spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-V space-time with minimally interaction of perfect fluid and dark energy components have been obtained. To prevail the deterministic solution we choose the scale factor $a(t) = \sqrt{t^{n}e^{t}}$, which yields a time dependent deceleration parameter (DP), representing a model which generates a transition of the universe from the early decelerating phase to the recent accelerating phase. We find that for $n \geq 1$, the quintessence model is reproducible with present and expected future evolution of the universe. The other models (for $n < 1$), we observe the phantom scenario. The quintessence as well as phantom models approach to isotropy at late time. For different values of $n$, we can generate a class of physically viable DE models. The cosmic jerk parameter in our descended model is also found to be in good concordance with the recent data of astrophysical observations under appropriate condition. The physical and geometric properties of spatially homogeneous and anisotropic cosmological models are discussed.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Forwarding strategies for 6LoWPAN-fragmented IPv6 datagrams
Creators: name: Weigel, Andreas
Publisher: name: Cuvillier Verlag
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 6LoWPAN
subject: Wireless sensor networks
subject: IPv6
subject: Fragmentation
classificationCode: 004
subject: Informatik

description: Diese Arbiet untersucht verschiedene Implementierungsstrategien für den Weiterleitungsaspekt des 6LoWPAN protocols für „low power and lossy networks“ (LLNs). Die Leistungsfähigkeit in Hinblick auf Latenz und Zuverlässigkeit wird für das LLN-typische Datensammlung- Verkehrsmuster für direkte und reassemblierende Strategien untersucht. Ein neuartiger Ansatz basierend auf Lauschen und dem Aussetzen von Transmissionen wird entwickelt und es wird gezeigt, dass dieser die Ende-zu-Ende-Zuverlässigkeit in einem Großteil der untersuchten Simulationsszenarien und Testnetzwerken signifikant verbessert.
description: This dissertation explores different implementation strategies for the fragment-forwarding aspect of the 6LoWPAN protocol for “low power and lossy networks” (LLNs). The performance in terms of latency and reliability for the LLN-typical collection traffic pattern is analyzed for several “direct” and “reassembling” strategies. A novel approach based on snooping and suspending transmissions is developed and it is shown that this approach improves the end-to-reliability significantly in most of the evaluated simulation and testbed scenarios.