Nocaracris
Creators: name: Ünal, Mustafa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Pamphagidae
Nocaracris

description: Key to species groups, species and subspecies of Nocaracris
1 Hind femur narrow, in usual form, dorsal margin convex in basal half, without preapical notch (Figs. 526–527)......... 2
- Hind femur strongly widened in basal half, with a preapical notch (Figs. 522–525); (pronotum without lateral carinae; body stout)......................................................................(N. niethammeri sp. group)...41
2 Lateral carinae of pronotum always distinct and raised; median carinae distinctly raised (Figs. 530–531); body depressed dorso-ventrally or compressed laterally.................................................................. 3
- Lateral carinae of pronotum absent or very weak; median carinae not raised; pronotum roof-shaped (more distinct in female) (Figs. 528–529); body strongly compressed laterally..................................(N. tridentatus sp. group)... 32
3 Body and pronotum high in lateral view, clearly compressed laterally; median carina of pronotum raised, quite convex in lateral view (more distinct in female); abdominal tergites with raised and compressed median carina (Figs. 625–632); tympanum present but reduced, smaller than the neighbour stigmal area (Figs. 632–633), if absent (N. istanbul sp. nov., some N. bulgaricus and some N. rimansonae) then body strongly compressed laterally.......................................... 4
- Body and pronotum low in lateral view, depressed dorso-ventrally or slightly compressed laterally; median carina of pronotum slightly raised; median carina of abdominal tergites not raised or slightly raised and not compressed laterally (Figs. 659–666); tympanum absent (Fig. 534), if present (in N. judithae sp. nov. and N. minutus sp. nov.) (Figs. 535–536) then as large as the neighbour stigmal area and the body depressed dorso-ventrally (Figs. 673–678).................................. 11
4 Median carina of pronotum with a thin longitudinal sulcus, distinct only at anterior end (Figs. 537–538); found in Greece and Western Turkey................................................................ (N. bulgaricus sp. group)...5
- Median carina of pronotum with a wide sulcus along its length (Figs. 539–540); found in Georgia and Eastern Turkey.................................................................................. (N. rimansonae sp. group)... 8
5 First abdominal tergite without tympanum, if present very smaller than the neighbour stigmal area (Figs. 543–544)...... 6
- First abdominal tergite always with a large tympanum, almost as large as the neighbour stigmal area (Figs. 541–542)..... 7
6 Median carina of pronotum straight in lateral view (Fig. 627); inner surface of hind tibia black; prosternum collar-shaped, not pointed in the middle (Fig. 545); fastigium of vertex strongly depressed (Fig. 546). Male unknown...................................................................................................... N. istanbul Ünal sp. nov.
- Median carina of pronotum distinctly convex in lateral view (Fig. 626); inner surface of hind tibia bright red or yellow; prosternum pointed with a spine like median projection (Fig. 547); fastigium of vertex of female slightly depressed (Fig. 548)............................................................................. N. bulgaricus (Ebner & Drenowski)
7 Median carina of pronotum distinctly raised, convex in lateral view (Figs. 618–620); anterior margin of prosternum strongly raised, collar-shaped, broadly rounded (Figs. 549–550); inner surface of hind tibia black or reddish-black; body larger and stouter...................................................................... N. furvus furvus (Mistshenko)
- Median carina of pronotum distinctly straighter or almost straight (especially in female) in lateral view (Figs. 621–622); anterior margin of prosternum clearly less raised, pointed with a distinct median projection (Figs. 551–552); inner surface of hind tibia bright light red; body smaller and more slender; male phallic complex as in Figs. 65 a, b, c.................................................................................................. N. furvus kazdagi Ünal, ssp. nov.
8 Inner surface of hind tibia black, bluish-black or dark blue.................................................... 9
- Inner surface of hind tibia yellow, red or on yellowish ground with light blue or greenish stains..................... 10
9 Inner surface of hind tibia bluish-black in male, blue or blackish-blue in female; ventral surface of hind femur red; male head and pronotum as in Fig. 631; found in East Turkey.......................................... N. kosswigi (Karabağ)
- I nner surface of hind tibia pale dirty black in male, blackish (without blue) in female; ventral surface of hind femur blackish or body color; male head and pronotum as in Fig. 637; found in Georgia........................ N. granosus (Mistshenko)
10 Male pronotum wide in dorsal view (Fig. 553), lateral carinae well developed, sharply raised (Fig. 629); fastigium of vertex narrower and elongated (Fig. 553); inner surface of hind tibia red, dirty red in both sexes; inner surface of hind femur blackishred, ventral surface red in female; inner and ventral surfaces of hind femur pale light red in male; found in Georgia ........................................................................................ N. rimansonae (Uvarov)
- Male pronotum narrow in dorsal view (Fig. 554), lateral carinae of pronotum weak and blunt (Fig. 633); fastigium of vertex short and narrow (Fig. 554); inner surface of hind tibia yellow in male, light blue or yellow with bluish-green dorsal side in female; found in central part of eastern Turkey; male phallic complex as in Figs. 66 a, b, c......... N. tunceli Ünal, sp. nov.
11 Body large, stout, depressed dorso-ventrally and distinctly wider in dorsal view (Figs. 644, 646, 648, 650) (width of pronotum in male more than 4.8 anteriorly, 6.7 mm posteriorly; in female more than 7 anteriorly, 10.4 mm posteriorly except N. cejchani sp. nov. that found in central Turkey).................................................................... 12
- Body smaller, very slender, relatively compressed and distinctly narrower in dorsal view (Figs. 681, 682, 690, 692) (width of pronotum in male at most 4.4 anteriorly, 6 mm posteriorly; in female at most 6.8 anteriorly, 9.6 mm posteriorly); found in N. Caucasia and S.E. of Turkey (N. latipes sp. group)........................................................ 2 7
12 Body clearly less depressed dorso-ventrally (Figs. 653–654); the area between median and lateral carinae of pronotum strongly sloping (more vertical); head larger, distinctly wider than anterior margin of pronotum, therefore head and pronotum not forming a regular triangular shape in dorsal view (Fig. 555); pronotum mostly convex in lateral view................................................................................................. (N. bodenheimeri sp. group)...13
- Body strongly depressed dorso-ventrally (Figs. 663–664). The area between median and lateral carinae of pronotum slightly sloping (more horizontal); head smaller, as wide as or slightly wider than anterior margin of pronotum, therefore head and pronotum forming a regular triangular shape in dorsal view (Fig. 556); pronotum mostly almost straight in lateral view..................................................................................... (N. rubripes sp. group)...21
13 Head large, projected forwards (Fig. 557); found in highlands of the Bolkar Mountains in S. Turkey (inner surface and inner half of ventral surface of hind femur pale black, outer half of ventral surface red; inner surface of hind tibia black with its spines, outer spines yellow. Tarsus red). Male unknow....................................... N. tauricolus Ramme
- Head distinctly smaller, slightly projected forwards (Fig. 558)................................................ 14
14 Body quite large and stout (Figs. 639–650), male more than 21 mm, female more than 40 mm; found in the mountains of the inner Aegean Region and the Lakes Region of Turkey (W. Turkey)............................................ 15
- Body smaller and more slender (Figs. 651–661), male less than 20 mm, female less than 40 mm; found in the central and N.E. Turkey ............................................................................................ 18
15 Prosternum with a distinct, sharply pointed median projection (Fig. 559); inner surface of hind tibia bright red in both sexes; typical light bands on paranota present; found in the Mt. Uludağ.................................. N. burri (Uvarov)
- Prosternum raised as collar-shape or almost triangularly, not pointed; if slightly pointed in the middle then clearly broad and blunt (Figs. 560–563); inner surface of hind tibia black in male, yellow or blue in female, if orange-red in both sexes (only N. emirdagi sp. nov.) then typical light bands on paranota indistinct.............................................. 16
16 Prosternum lower, narrow triangular, or very narrowly rounded, not sinuous (Fig. 560); lateral carinae of pronotum very distinct; body clearly depressed dorso-ventrally (Fig. 641–642) (inner surface of hind tibia black in male, yellow or slightly orange in female; paranota with typical light bands)........................................... N.sureyana Ramme
- Prosternum strongly raised, collar-shaped, irregularly sinuous or broadly rounded (Figs. 561–563); lateral carinae of pronotum weaker; body less depressed dorso-ventrally (Figs. 643, 645, 647, 649)........................................ 17
17 Typical light bands on paranota distinct (Fig. 564); inner surface of hind tibia black in male, light or dark blue with yellow spines, rarely reddish apically in female; male phallic complex as in Figs. 67 a, b, c; found in the montains of the Lakes Region of Turkey ....................................................... N. tardus Ünal, Bugrov & Jetybayev, sp. nov.
- Typical light bands on paranota indistinct (Fig. 565); inner surface of hind tibia orange-red in both sexes; male phallic complex as in Figs. 68 a, b, c; found in the Mt. Emirdağ......................................... N. emirdagi Ünal, sp. nov.
18 Inner surface of hind tibia orange-red in both sexes, sometimes with a black stripe along its ventral side; found in N. of central Anatolia ............................................................................. N. idrisi (Karabağ)
- Inner surface of hind tibia black or blue; if male tibia red, blackish-red, yellow or orange-red (N. cinerascens) its female tibia at least with blue pattern; found in central and N.E. Anatolia ................................................. 19
19 Body distinctly slender and small (Figs. 655–658); female relatively more compressed laterally with weaker lateral carinae; fastigium of vertex strongly sloping especially in male (Fig. 566); male phallic complex as in Figs. 69 a, b, c; (inner surface of hind tibia in male black, in female light blue or on yellowish cream ground with blue stains).... N. cejchani Ünal, sp. nov.
- Body stouter and larger (Figs. 653–654, 659–660); female more depressed dorso-ventrally with very distinct lateral carinae; fastigium of vertex horizontal (in types of N. cinerascens) or slightly sloping (Figs. 567–568)...................... 20
20 Inner surface of hind tibia yellow (in male holotype), orange-red, red, or rarely blackish-red in male; from light to dark blue (never black), rarely with yellowish-reddish distal part in female; pronotal carinae less raised (Fig. 570); the area between the median and lateral carinae less depressed; found in N.W. Turkey ............................. N. cinerascens Ramme
- Inner surface of hind tibia in both sexes black with yellow spines, rarely inner spines reddish; pronotal carinae distinctly more raised (Fig. 569); the area between the median and lateral carinae clearly more depressed; found in central Turkey ........................................................................................ N. bodenheimeri (Uvarov)
21 Median carina of pronotum with a thin longitudinal sulcus which distinct in anterior part then narrowing or disappearing backwards (Figs. 571, 574)............................................................................... 22
- Median carina of pronotum with a very wide longitudinal sulcus along its length (Figs. 572–573).................... 25
22 Female hind tibia yellow with a short and thin reddish stripe apically; inner surface of hind femur red (slightly blackish), ventral surface red; inner surface of hind tarsus red (body and pronotum distinctly depressed dorso-ventrally) (Fig. 662). Male unknown........................................................................ N. acinosus (Mistshenko)
- Female hind tibia black, bluish- or greenish-black, blue, rarely orange-red; inner surface of hind femur in female black, sometimes reddish basally................................................................................ 23
23 Body as in Figs. 663–664; inner surface of hind tibia in male bright red (in typical form), orange-red including spines (or with black spines), blackish-red or rarely black in proximal part turning to red apically; in female very variable even in the same habitat: black, bluish-black, blue including spines or with orange red spines; or proximal part of tibia blue-black turning to orange-red apically with orange-red spines; or rarely tibia wholly orange-red with yellow-orange spines; inner surface of hind femur in male red, reddish, reddish-black or at least with reddish ventral carina; in female black, with reddish proximal part............................................................................... N. rubripes (Motschulsky)
- Body as in Figs. 665–668; inner surface of hind tibia in both sexes black, bluish- or greenish-black including spines (never red); hind femur with black inner and ventral surfaces...................................................... 24
24 Arch of zygoma narrow; posterior lobes of zygoma wide and elongated; apodemes without apical notch; median carina of pronotum with a thin but distinct longitudinal sulcus along its length, slightly narrowing backwards (Fig. 574); dorsal margin of inner side of hind femur yellowish-cream in both sexes (hind tibia mainly black with its spines in both sexes); found only in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey ....................................................... N. ponticus Ramme
- Arch of zygoma wide; posterior lobes of zygoma narrow and very short, compressed antero-posteriorly; apodemes with distinct apical notch; median carina of pronotum with a longitudinal sulcus, wide at anterior end then strongly narrowing or disappearing backwards (Fig. 571); dorsal margin of inner side of hind femur red (indistinct in some males) (hind tibia with black inner surface, with dark bluish-greenish dorsal surface); found only in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey ................................................................................................. N. demirsoyi Ünal
25 First abdominal segment with a distinct tympanum, as large as the neighbour stigmal area or slightly larger (Fig. 535); arch of zygoma wide; posterior lobes of zygoma narrow (Fig. 71 b); body relatively compressed laterally (Figs. 673–676); male phallic complex as in Figs. 71 a, b, c....................................................... N. judithae Ünal, sp. nov.
- First abdominal segment without tympanum; arch of zygoma wide; posterior lobes of zygoma narrow (Fig. 70 b); body strongly depressed dorso-ventrally (Figs. 669–672)........................................................ 26
26 Frons in female strongly sloping (Fig. 575); hind femur with black ventral surface in both sexes, rarely blackish-red; hind tibia black or bluish-black in typical forms or rarely apical half dark red (in Caucasia); male phallic complex as in Figs. 70 a, b, c, d;
found in Caucasia, Armenia and N.E. Turkey .......................................... N. cyanipes (Motschulsky) - Frons in female almost vertical (Fig. 576); hind femur with red ventral surface in both sexes; hind tibia pale yellowish in male, pale blackish-grey with a short and thin reddish stripe apically in female; found in Georgia, Adzharia, Mt. Mereti. ............................................................................................ N. curtus Mistshenko
27 First abdominal tergite with a distinct tympanum, slightly larger than the neighbour stigmal area (Fig. 536); eye broad, almost as wide as long (Fig. 577); body very small (female body: 25.5 mm)......................... N. minutus Ünal, sp. nov.
- First abdominal tergite without tympanum; eye narrow, oval, distinctly narrower than long (Figs. 578–579); body mostly very larger (female body: at least 30.3 mm) except N. palandoken sp. nov. which is also larger even in the shrunken females (26– 34.2 mm)......................................................................................... 28
28 Prosternum collar-shaped, wholly raised triangularly or rounded (Figs. 580–582); hind femur narrower as in Fig. 584; male hind tibia dark red...................................................................................29
- Prosternum pointed with a narrow, sharp, median projection (Fig. 583); hind femur wider as in Fig. 585; male hind tibia black or orange-red...................................................................................... 30
29 Median carina of pronotum with a very wide longitudinal sulcus, slightly narrowing backwards (Fig. 586); pronotum clearly more depressed dorso-ventrally; female pronotum slender, with very distinct lateral carinae (Fig. 587); male phallic complex as in Figs. 72 a, b, c............................................................... N. karadagi Ünal, sp. nov.
- Median carina of pronotum with a very thin longitudinal sulcus, widened only anterior end, strongly narrowing backwards (Fig. 588); pronotum less depressed dorso-ventrally; female pronotum clearly stouter, with weak lateral carinae (Fig. 589); male phallic complex as in Figs. 73 a, b, c........................................... N. palandoken Ünal, sp. nov.
30 Pronotum large (length in male 5, in female 8 mm) (Figs. 687–688); male hind femur high, 2.4 times longer than its height (Fig. 590); female hind tibia bicolored, proximal part bluish-green turning to red in distal part; found in N. Caucasia............................................................................................. N. latipes Uvarov
- Pronotum small (length at most in male 4.3, in female 7 mm) (Figs. 689, 691, 693, 694); male hind femur lower, at least 2.6 times longer than its height (Fig. 591); female hind tibia unicolor black or dark blue; found in S.E. Turkey............ 31
31 Male hind tibia black; prosternum with a narrow, small and sharply pointed median projection; posterior lobes of zygoma narrow (Fig. 74 b); male phallic complex as in Figs. 74 a, b, c............................... N. monticolus Ünal, sp. nov.
- Male hind tibia orange; prosternum with a wider, bigger and more rounded median projection (tongue shaped); posterior lobes of zygoma wider (Fig. 75 b); male phallic complex as in Figs. 75 a, b, c.......................... N. van Ünal, sp. nov.
32 Inner surface of hind tibia yellow, orange or red in both sexes; if dark blue in female (N. tridentatus) its distal part or/and spines turning to red................................................................................. 33
- Inner surface of hind tibia black, dark blue or bluish in both sexes............................................ 38
33 I nner and ventral surfaces of hind femur red, reddish, blackish-red or yellowish-cream; if black then female hind tibia dark blue turning to red in apical 1/4 (N. tridentatus); found in N.E. Turkey ............................................. 34
- Inner and ventral surfaces of hind femur black; if with a red part then hind tibia in both sexes yellow to red; found in W., S. and N.W. Turkey ....................................................................................... 35
34 Vertex narrow in both sexes; male vertex 0.7 times narrower, female vertex as wide as vertical diameter of eye (Fig. 592); hind tibia yellow or orange in male, yellow, with reddish tinge in some specimens in female; female prosternum with a distinct median projection (Fig. 593); arch of zygoma narrow and long............................. N. elegans (Mistshenko)
- Vertex wide; male vertex as wide as, female vertex 1.5 times wider than vertical diameter of eye (Fig. 594); hind tibia red in male, dark blue (blackish) turning to red in apical 1/4 including spines in female; female prosternum with tridentate median projections (Fig. 595); arch of zygoma wide and short............................... N. tridentatus (Stshelkanovtzev)
35 Body strongly compressed laterally, high in lateral view (Fig. 596), head narrow in frontal view (Fig. 597); height of pronotum in male more than 6, in female more than 9.5 mm (hind tibia pale yellow in typical forms, or slightly greenish yellow or slightly orange; found in N.W. Anatolia)................................................... N. tecticollis Ramme
- Body clearly less compressed laterally, low in lateral view (Fig. 598); height of pronotum in male less than 5, in female less than 9.3 mm ....................................................................................... 36
36 Posterior lobes of zygoma very short, compressed antero-posteriorly; apodemes without apical notch, apex blunt; hind tibia lemon yellow in both sexes; female vertex narrower than vertical diameter of eye (Fig. 599); found in S.W. Anatolia ........................................................................................... N. citripes (Uvarov)
- Posterior lobes of zygoma elongated; apodemes with apical notch, apex more acute; hind tibia orange in both sexes (except female of N. karshitoros sp.nov. that yellow); female vertex wider than vertical diameter of eye (Fig. 600)............. 37
37 Arch of zygoma narrow; median carina of pronotum slightly raised (Fig. 601); fastigium of vertex relatively depressed; hind tibia in both sexes orange; found in N. Turkey.............................................. N. sabulosus Ramme
- Arch of zygoma distinctly wider (Fig. 76 b); median carina of pronotum not raised, more tectiform (Fig. 602); fastigium of vertex flat in typical forms; hind tibia in male orange, in female yellow; male phallic complex as in Figs. 76 a, b, c; found in the eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey (S. Turkey).................................. N. karshitoros Ünal, sp. nov.
38 First abdominal segment with a distinct tympanum, as large as the neighbour stigmal area (Fig. 603); body large and high; height of pronotum more than 9.6 mm; hind tibia light blue or on yellowish-cream ground with blue stains.............................................................................................. N. dilekensis Ünal, sp. nov.
- First abdominal segment without tympanum or with a very strongly reduced, vestigial one (Figs. 604, 607); body small and low; height of pronotum less than 9 mm; hind tibia darkened, dark blue, blackish-blue or black..................... 39
39 Body distinctly stouter (Figs. 711–714); prosternum raised, collar-shaped, not pointed (Fig. 605–606); hind femur stout, distinctly widened in proximal part, dorsal margin with more distinct teeth (Fig. 611); vertex swollen; male fastigium of vertex short and wide, more depressed and strongly sloping; hind tibia in both sexes bright black; male phallic complex as in Figs.
77a, b, c....................................................................... N. goektepe Ünal, sp. nov. - Body slender (Figs. 699–700, 715–716) prosternum raised with triangular or spine-like median projection, clearly pointed (Fig. 608–610); hind femur slender, not strongly widened in proximal part, dorsal margin with indistinct teeth (Figs. 612–613); fastigium of vertex clearly more horizontal and vertex not swollen in N. subrubratus, elongated and narrower in male of N. citripes; hind tibia in male blue or black, in female dark blue or pale black........................................40
40 Fastigium of vertex sloping, distinctly elongated in male (Fig. 614); pronotum with smooth surface, lateral carinae absent; hind tibia in male black, in female dark blue; found in the Western Mediterranean Region of Turkey ..... N. bicoloripes (Uvarov)
- Fastigium of vertex clearly more horizontal, short in male (Fig. 615); pronotum with tuberculated surface, lateral carinae weak; hind tibia in male black, in female blue, greenish-blue rarely pale black; found in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey .................................................................................. N. subrubratus Ramme
41 Male eye oval, 1.25 times longer than wide (Fig. 616); body larger and stouter (Figs. 721–722); hind tibia in both sexes light bright red; found in N.W. Anatolia .................................................... N. niethammeri (Ramme)
- Male eye very broad, as long as wide (Fig. 617); body smaller and relatively more slender (Figs. 723–726); hind tibia in male black, in female dark blue; male phallic complex as in Figs. 78 a, b, c; found in the E. of central Anatolia ............................................................................................... N. crassipes Ünal, sp. nov.
description: Published as part of Ünal, Mustafa, 2016, Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from the Palaearctic Region: taxonomy, classification, keys to genera and a review of the tribe Nocarodeini I. Bolívar, pp. 1-223 in Zootaxa 4206 (1) on pages 132-136, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4206.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/208260