Paradryomyza spinigera Ozerov 1987
Creators: name: Jia, Lei
name: Fu, Wanqin
name: Shi, Li
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Dryomyzidae
Paradryomyza
Paradryomyza spinigera

description: Paradryomyza spinigera Ozerov, 1987 (Figs 6−7)   
 Paradryomyza spinigera Ozerov, 1987: 39; Ozerov, 1999: 554; Mathis & Sueyoshi, 2011: 207 (catalogue); Ericson & Hellqvist, 2013: 2; Kahanpää & Winqvist, 2014: 269; Hagenlund & Kvifte, 2015: 199; Zinchenko, 2021: 204.   
Description. Male. Body length 6.0– 6.2 mm, wing length 5.4–5.8 mm. Body (Fig. 6A) pale yellow to yellow.  
Head (Figs 6B–D). Frons with sparse setulae on anterior one third, wider than long, anterior frontal margin shallowly emarginated, exposing the lunule and antennal bases; one upper fronto-orbital seta anteverted. Ocellar triangle black, shining, ocellar setae developed, extending forward and divergent apically; postocellar setae slightly convergent at apex. Face concaved medially. Gena about a half of height of eye, with 2 genal setae. Antenna with pale yellow short scape, pedicel pale brown and twice as long as scape, and first flagellomere elongated oval, yellowish brown on dorsal half, arista brownish yellow on basal one third and black on apical two thirds, with sparse rays twice as long as basal width of arista. Clypeus and proboscis pale yellow, apical one third of palpus black.  
 Thorax (Figs 6E–F). Mesonotum pale brown except for pale yellow postpronotal lobe and notopleuron, with a black narrow medial stripe and 0+1 dorsocentral setae, presutural and postsutural intra-alar seta absent, 3 short setulae before supra-alar seta, 1 proepisternal seta, 4 katepisternal setae along upper margin and posterior corner of katepisternum. Scutellum with a black round medial spot, scutellar suture thin brown. Legs with dorsal side of fore femur brown, apical one seventh of fore and mid tibiae pale brown, apical one fifth of hind tibiae black, and all tarsi black. Fore tibia with 1 preapical dorsal seta and 1 apicoventral seta. Mid tibia with 1 preapical dorsal seta and 1 apicoventral setae. Hind femur with 2 rows of ventral spurs on apical one third, hind tibia with a thin and long preapical dorsal seta, and 1 apicoventral seta. Wing (Fig. 6I) pale yellow hyaline, with narrow brown spots on r-m and dm-cu, and R 1 without dorsal setulae along entire length, vein M 1+2 not curved forward in ultimate section and parallel with R 4+5.   
Abdominal tergites (Figs 6G–H) 1–4 black, tergite 5 black in the middle in dorsal view. Male genitalia (Figs 7A–D) with epandrium broaden with many setae, anterior epandrial process distinctly shorter than surstylus, slender and crooked at apex, surstylus widen basally and narrow apically, straight in lateral view with several setulae along inner margin and a tiny distal tip; hypandrium being composed of two broaden sclerites connected each other by hyaline membrane, hypandrial apodeme absent; pregonite broad with 3 setae and lobes of pregonite symmetric in ventral view, postgonite slender; distiphallus long, with yellow dense tiny ventral hairs and pale brown subapical process on one side.  
Material examined. China, Inner Mongolia, Hulunbeir, Jinhe, Hanma National Nature Reserve, 200 m stream plank road, 3♂, Malaise-traping, 850 m, 3 May 2016, Shen, R. R. leg.; China, Inner Mongolia, Hulunbeir, Jinhe, Hanma National Nature Reserve, Guoluotuoniyaji River, forest, 2♂, Malaise-traping, 976 m, 19 October 2015, Shi, L. leg.; China, Inner Mongolia, Hulunbeir, Jinhe, Hanma National Nature Reserve, Bono River, wetland, 1♂, Malaise-traping, 862 m, 12 August 2016, Shen, R. R. leg.; China, Inner Mongolia, Hulunbeir, Jinhe, Hanma National Nature Reserve, Bono River, near suspension bridge, 1♂, Malaise-traping, 854 m, 23 July 2015, Shi, L. leg.  
Distribution. China (Inner Mongolia), Russia, Finland, Sweden, Norway.  
 Remarks. The species is recorded in China for the first time, and it is also the first time for the description and illustrations of males. This species resembles P. steyskali Ozerov, 2002 from Nepal and India (Ozerov, 1987), but well distinguished by the frons lacking black markings (Fig. 6D), the distance between two genal setae wider (Fig. 6C), and the anterior epandrial process crooked at apex in lateral view (Fig. 7A). The sequence of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) of this species was uploaded to NCBI and deposited in GenBank under accessions OL873274 (Paradryomyza spinigera).   
 Funding The research is supported by Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia (2020MS03037). Acknowledgements We express our most gratitude to Dr. Sven Hellqvist (Umeå, Sweden) for providing the translation of the key and literature, to Dr. Tatiana V. Galinskaya (Moscow, Russia), Xuankun Li (Florida, USA) and Kuiyan Zhang (Beijing, China) for obtaining the literature. Our cordial thanks are further extended to all team members and staffs (those worked in Hanma National Natural Reserve, Jinhe Town, Genhe City, Hulunbeir), for moving toughly through the jungle and capturing specimens under the bites from insects and ticks, and to the reviewers for their kind advice.
description: Published as part of Jia, Lei, Fu, Wanqin & Shi, Li, 2022, A genus and three species of Dryomyzidae newly recorded from China (Diptera), pp. 320-331 in Zoological Systematics 47 (4) on pages 326-329, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2022405, http://zenodo.org/record/10940809