cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Short-Run Health Consequences of Retirement and Pension Benefits: Evidence from China
Creators: name: Nikolov, Plamen
name: Adelman, Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper examines the impact of the New Rural Pension Scheme (NRPS) in China. Exploiting the staggered implementation of an NRPS policy expansion that began in 2009, we use a difference-in-difference approach to study the effects of the introduction of pension benefits on the health status, health behaviors, and healthcare utilization of rural Chinese adults age 60 and above. The results point to three main conclusions. First, in addition to improvements in self-reported health, older adults with access to the pension program experienced significant improvements in several important measures of health, including mobility, self-care, usual activities, and vision. Second, regarding the functional domains of mobility and self-care, we found that the females in the study group led in improvements over their male counterparts. Third, in our search for the mechanisms that drive positive retirement program results, we find evidence that changes in individual health behaviors, such as a reduction in drinking and smoking, and improved sleep habits, play an important role. Our findings point to the potential benefits of retirement programs resulting from social spillover effects. In addition, these programs may lessen the morbidity burden among the retired population.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2006.01185
THE ORGANIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN WESTERN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Creators: name: Huffman, Wallace E.
name: Just, Richard E.
name: Huffman, Wallace E.
name: Just, Richard E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: agricultural science policy
subject: research funding
subject: agricultural research
subject: developed countries
subject: impure public goods
subject: optimal decentralization
subject: alliances
subject: intellectual property rights
subject: new developments

description: This paper reviews agricultural research structural and organization changes in western developed countries, examines new financing prospects for agricultural research, and provides some tentative conclusions about which organizations are best positioned to provide services for the 21st century. Given that these countries face many similar economic, political, scientific, and agroclimatic factors and fiscal issues, we can expect a similar set of similar new developments that have potentially important and widespread long-run implications. After three common developments are outlined, principles of impure public good financing are applied leading to the following agricultural science policy recommendations (i) new political jurisdictions should be formed to finance research, e.g., new alliances across countries and subregions within large countries, (ii) intellectual property rights should be strengthened to increase the total amount and share of total (public and private) agricultural research that is privately financed and conducted, i.e., the private sector should find it profitable to undertake a large share of applied research but not be expected to finance public sector agricultural research, (iii) the public sector should redirect its research efforts increasingly to areas that are socially worthwhile but not privately undertaken, e.g., in the basic and pretechnology areas, on environmental resources, food safety and human nutrition, and policy. Finally, large countries that have developed a system of shared public and private financing and performance and decentralized public support of agricultural research seem best positioned for meeting the needs of the 21st century.
Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir seed dispersal in the ESSF wet cold subzone
Creators: name: Kraft, Daniel Nathan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Conventional silviculture practices used on lower elevation stands have failed to adequately restock stands within the Engelmann spruce/subalpine fir zone (Butt 1990, Farnden 1994). The supply of viable seed is critical for successful natural regeneration (Rowe ei a[. 1970). This study was conducted at the Sicamous Creek site in the ESSF zone of interior British Columbia over the winter of 1997-1998. Four harvest treatments (Individual Tree Selection (ITS), 0.1 ha cut, 1 ha and 10 ha clearcuts) were analyzed in terms of the seed dispersed by the Engelmann spruce (picea engelmanni) a n d subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) trees remaining after harvest. The spruce seed populations in the ITS and 0.1 ha treatments were not statistically different from the uncut spruce seed population; however, the quantity of fir seed was reduced significantly. Within the 10 ha and 1 ha clearcuts the relative composition of Engelmann spruce to subalpine fir seed increased to a ratio of over 5 to 1 from 1.7 to 1 in the uncut stands. This compositional change suggests spruce seed is more amenable to wind dispersal than fir seed. The south edge supplied the most seed into the clearings, while the north edge contributed the least. The amount of seed deposited closest to an edge was positively correlated to the frequency of its respective prevailing winds; however, the magnitude of the relationship declined as the clearing decreased in area. A mechanistic seed dispersal model (DISPERSE) was developed to estimate the spatial distribution of seed in a clearing. The spatial distribution of spruce and fir seed were simulated for the wind directions and velocities recorded at the Sicamous Creek site, in conjunction with the corresponding tree heights and aerodynamics inherent to the seeds. DISPERSE estimated the spatial distribution of seed in the 10 ha clearing accurately; however, its predictions did not adequately characterize the decline of seed densities with distance from the edge in the 1 ha clearing.
Results from observations of AGNs with the H.E.S.S. telescope system and Future plans
Creators: name: Punch, M.
name: Collaboration, the HESS
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The H.E.S.S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System) phase I is comprised of four Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, for observation of galactic and cosmic sources of very high energy gamma rays. Its installation in the Khomas highlands, Namibia has been completed in December, 2003. The first of these telescopes was installed in June 2003, and data-taking has proceeded since that time. The HESS telescope system provides a significant improvement in sensitivity and a threshold for detection below that of previous Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. The characteristics for the phase-I will be presented, together with plans for phase-II of the experiment, comprised of a large telescope in the centre of the current phase-I providing a lowered threshold and increased sensitivity. We can observe AGNs up to redshift 0.5 with HESS and 2-3 with HESS Phase-2, which provides a unique capability for study of spectral and temporal characteristics on timescales of several hours or even less than 1 h (depending on the strength of flares). We will present the first results from a number of southern AGN observed during the installation of the phase-I, in particular concerning the detection and spectral properties of the AGN PKS2155$-$305.
description: To appear in the Springer-Verlag series "ESO Astrophysics Symposia"
TOXOPLASMA GONDII LEVELS IN SWINE OPERATIONS: DIFFERENCES DUE TO TECHNOLOGY CHOICE AND IMPACT ON COSTS OF PRODUCTION
Creators: name: Wang, Chun-Hsuan
name: Diderrich, Vina
name: Kliebenstein, James B.
name: Patton, Sharon
name: Zimmerman, Jeffrey
name: Hallam, Arne
name: Bush, Eric J.
name: Faulkner, Charles
name: Wang, Chun-Hsuan
name: Diderrich, Vina
name: Kliebenstein, James B.
name: Patton, Sharon
name: Zimmerman, Jeffrey
name: Hallam, Arne
name: Bush, Eric J.
name: Faulkner, Charles
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Serum samples were collected from 3236 sows and 4712 market hogs in 1995. Sera were collected from sows on 226 farms, while market hog sera was obtained from 282 farms. Herds were randomly selected to participate in the 1995 National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) swine survey. Sera were assayed for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii using the modified direct agglutination test. Herd data and serologic information were used to study the association between T. gondii infection in sows and specific herd characteristics and farm management practices. Overall, 15.1 percent of sows and 3.2 percent of finishers were positive for toxoplasmosis. Analysis of the data showed significant associations between toxoplasmosis in sows or herds and three factors: 1) method of rodent control, 2) type of production facility, and 3) access of cats to production facilities. In particular, seronegativity was associated with the use of "bait and/or traps only" for rodent control as compared to the use of cats for rodent control. Thus, use of cats as a method of rodent control should be avoided by producers. No regional differences in prevalence were detected and toxoplasmosis in sows was not associated with a reduced level of reproductive performance.
PRODIGEES Data Protection Policy
Creators: name: Stewart, Benjamin
name: Reiners, Wulf
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: staff
data protection
GDPR

description: The PRODIGEES Data Protection Policy details PRODIGEES regulations concerning data collection, use, protection and privacy. The PRODIGEES Data Protection Policy is based upon the laws and regulations of the EU's General Data Protection Regulations (EU-GDPR). Every PRODIGEES staff member and research participant is required to read and consent to the PRODIGEES Data Protection Policy.
description: Horizon 2020 MSCA-RISE, Grant Agreement #873119
HUMAN CAPITAL: EDUCATION AND AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Huffman, Wallace E.
name: Huffman, Wallace E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: education
subject: schooling
subject: agriculture
subject: human capital
subject: impact analysis

description: This chapter presents a review and synthesis of effects of education in agriculture, summarizes major contributions, and suggests major research gaps in the literature. Although growth in knowledge enables skill acquisition and specialization of labor, which generally raises labor productivity, and technical change, the dominant effect on agriculture has been technical change. A puzzle remains why schooling does not have broader direct impacts in agriculture. Furthermore, as we proxy education or general intellectual achievement by schooling in our empirical research, this has led to biased interpretations of impacts when general intellectual achievement of school graduate changes over time and perhaps in nonlinear ways.
The Stellar Populations of dSph Galaxies in Nearby Groups
Creators: name: Da Costa, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this contribution initial results are presented from a program to study in detail the stellar populations of dwarf Spheroidal (dSph) galaxies in three nearby groups. The long-term aim of the program is to assess the influence of environment in governing the evolution of these low-luminosity systems. Specific results described here include the detection and measurement of intermediate-age upper-AGB populations in dSphs in the M81 and Cen A groups, and the discovery that four of the five low-luminosity early-type dwarfs in the low density Sculptor group contain modest amounts of neutral hydrogen gas.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure. To appear in the Proceedings of IAU Colloquium 198 "Near Field Cosmology with dwarf Elliptical Galaxies", eds H. Jerjen and B. Bingelli
IMPACTS OF ECONOMIC REFORM IN POLAND; INCIDENCE AND WELFARE CHANGES WITHIN A CONSISTENT FRAMEWORK
Creators: name: Huffman, Sonya Kostova
name: Johnson, Stanley R.
name: Huffman, Sonya Kostova
name: Johnson, Stanley R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: rationing
subject: cost of living index
subject: transition economies
subject: Poland

description: The costs of shortages/rationing are not captured by standard consumer price indices. Thus the change in real GDP per capita is an over estimate of welfare losses in transition economies. In this study, virtual prices are used to calculate new cost of living indices, making it possible to construct more accurate pre- and post-reform welfare comparisons. The results for Poland using virtual prices show 62-84 percent decline in welfare over the transition 1987-92. This welfare loss is approximately one-third the value obtained using actual prices.
A Novel "Magnetic" Field And Its Dual Non-Commutative Phase Space
Creators: name: Ghosh, Subir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we have studied a new form of Non-Commutative (NC) phase space with an operatorial form of noncommutativity. A point particle in this space feels the effect of an interaction with an "{\it{internal}}" magnetic field, that is singular at a specific position $θ^{-1}$. By "internal" we mean that the effective magnetic fields depends essentially on the particle properties and modifies the symplectic structure. Here $θ$ is the NC parameter and induces the coupling between the particle and the "internal" magnetic field. The magnetic moment of the particle is computed. Interaction with an {\it{external}} physical magnetic field reveals interesting features induced by the inherent fuzziness of the NC phase space: introduction of non-trivial structures into the charge and mass of the particle and possibility of the particle dynamics collapsing to a Hall type of motion. The dynamics is studied both from Lagrangian and symplectic (Hamiltonian) points of view. The canonical (Darboux) variables are also identified. We briefly comment, that the model presented here, can play interesting role in the context of (recently observed) {\it{real}} space Berry curvature in material systems.
description: 8 pages LaTex, Matches journal version, PLB 638 (2006)350; One reference added and minor change in text, related to it
CONVERGENCE IN U.S. TFP GROWTH FOR AGRICULTURE: IMPLICATIONS OF INTERSTATE RESEARCH SPILLOVERS FOR FUNDING AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Creators: name: McCunn, Alan
name: Huffman, Wallace E.
name: McCunn, Alan
name: Huffman, Wallace E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: convergence
subject: total factor productivity
subject: states
subject: spillins
subject: growth
subject: public research
subject: agriculture

description: This paper examines state agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) data, 1950-1982, for evidence of convergence, i.e., TFP growth rates of the future are inversely related to the TFP level at the starting data. After finding evidence of convergence, the paper examines the contributions of public and private R&D to convergence and presents implications for a more efficient organization of public agricultural research. For example, we find that increasing a states own investment in public agricultural research reduces the rate of TFP convergence but larger public investments in surrounding areas that potentially spillin increase the rate of convergence. Also, the results imply that the average rate of convergence in our best fitting model is about 10 percent per year. The finding of strong positive interstate spillover effects of public agricultural research suggests incentives should be considered for stronger cooperation across states on agricultural research funding and new political jurisdictions for financing public agricultural research.
FINANCE, ORGANIZATION, AND IMPACTS OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH: FUTURE PROSPECTS
Creators: name: Huffman, Wallace E.
name: Huffman, Wallace E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: science policy
subject: agriculture
subject: research
subject: funding
subject: organization
subject: impact analysis
subject: incentives

description: The objective of this paper is to review key conceptual issues in the finance, management, and economic impact analysis of agricultural research of the U.S. and other western developed countries, to critique evidence on the impacts of R&D, to summarize new developments and emerging trends in agricultural science policy, and to speculate about the likely effect of these trends during the 21st century on impacts of R&D. The conceptual review emphasizes refinements in the theory of public goods associated with a class of impure public goods. Some overall conclusions are presented for U.S. agricultural research policy of the 21st century. Note: Figure 1 not included in file-- contact author for more information.
A description of the ratio between electric and magnetic proton form factors by using space-like, time-like data and dispersion relations
Creators: name: Baldini, R.
name: Bini, C.
name: Gauzzi, P.
name: Mirazita, M.
name: Negrini, M.
name: Pacetti, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the available information on the ratio between the electric and magnetic proton form factors coming from recently published space-like data and from the few available time-like data. We apply a dispersive procedure on these data to evaluate the behaviour of this ratio, as a complex function, for all values of q^2.
description: 12 pages, 7 Encapsulated Postscript figures, uses epsfig, rotating, exscale, amsmath, cite, latexsym, graphics, color packages, added references
Eurêkatrice, un jeu sur les femmes inventrices
Creators: name: Gabrielle REGULA
name: Caroline PERON
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: jeu
femmes
invention
brevet

description: On peut encore, au 21e siècle, lorsqu’on regarde la répartition des activités professionnelles et privées des femmes et hommes dans notre société se poser la question : Y a-t-il des activités genrées ? Les sciences et technologies seraient-elles masculines ? Pourquoi y a-t-il si peu de jeunes femmes qui font des études dites STEM (science, technologies, engineering, mathematics) ?

Le but de ce jeu de cartes est de faire deviner ces inventions par le dessin ou le mime et d'initier un changement dans les mentalités.

Il a été créé par Gabrielle REGULA (enseignante-chercheuse et lauréate du prix Diderot-Curien 2018) et Caroline PERON (SCD AMU), illustré par Karine MARIANI et a bénéficié d'un financement de la SATT Sud-Est.
Non-equilibrium temperature evolution of ionization fronts during the Epoch of Reionization
Creators: name: Zeng, Chenxiao
name: Hirata, Christopher M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The epoch of reionization (EoR) marks the end of the Cosmic Dawn and the beginning of large-scale structure formation in the universe. The impulsive ionization fronts (I-fronts) heat and ionize the gas within the reionization bubbles in the intergalactic medium (IGM). The temperature during this process is a key yet uncertain ingredient in current models. Typically, reionization simulations assume that all baryonic species are in instantaneous thermal equilibrium with each other during the passage of an I-front. Here we present a new model of the temperature evolution for the ionization front by studying non-equilibrium effects. In particular, we include the energy transfer between major baryon species ($e^{-}$, \HI, \HII, \HeI, and \HeII) and investigate their impacts on the post-ionization front temperature $T_{\mathrm{re}}$. For a better step-size control when solving the stiff equations, we implement an implicit method and construct an energy transfer rate matrix. We find that the assumption of equilibration is valid for a low-speed ionization front ($\lessapprox\ 10^9~\mathrm{cm}/\mathrm{s}$), but deviations from equilibrium occur for faster fronts. The post-front temperature $T_{\mathrm{re}}$ is lower by up to 19.7\% (at $3\times 10^9$ cm/s) or 30.8\% (at $10^{10}$ cm/s) relative to the equilibrium case.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Bioeconomic Modeling of the Invasive Aquatic Plants Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla), Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), and Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) and their impacts on angler effort on Florida lakes
Creators: name: Adams, Damian C.
name: Lee, Donna J.
name: Adams, Damian C.
name: Lee, Donna J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Hydrilla
subject: water hyacinth
subject: water lettuce
subject: bioeconomic
subject: invasive
subject: control

description: The invasive aquatic plants Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla), Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), and Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) have the potential to negatively impact recreational use of Florida lakes if consistent, adequate control expenditures are not made. In the mid-1990's, Florida significantly reduced its spending on invasive aquatic plant control measures, which resulted in a significant increase in needed control expenditures in subsequent years. This paper attempts to formalize a relationship between coverage of these invasive aquatic plants and angler effort on Florida lakes using data on 38 lakes over 20 years. Estimated regression coefficients are used to simulate control alternatives, and expenditure cost-benefit comparisons are made.
Research and Development at U.S. Research Universities: An Analysis of Scope Economies
Creators: name: Kim, Kwansoo
name: Barham, Bradford L.
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
name: Foltz, Jeremy D.
name: Kim, Kwansoo
name: Barham, Bradford L.
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
name: Foltz, Jeremy D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This paper investigates the presence and sources of economies of scope in R&D production at U.S. research universities. The analysis evaluates the tradeoffs or synergies arising between traditional university research outputs (articles and doctorates) and a more recent and burgeoning output: academic patents. Using a shortage function, we propose a decomposition of economies of scope (decomposition which includes complementarity effects and scale effects). R&D input and output data from 92 public and private research universities are used to obtain non-parametric estimates of scope economies. The results show significant variations in economies of scope and sources by size and type of university.
Identified hadron spectra at large transverse momentum in p+p and d+Au collisions at \sqrts_NN = 200 GeV
Creators: name: STAR Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the transverse momentum (pT) spectra for identified charged pions, protons and anti-protons from p+p and d+Au collisions at \sqrts_NN = 200 GeV. The spectra are measured around midrapidity (|y| < 0.5) over the range of 0.3 < pT < 10 GeV/c with particle identification from the ionization energy loss and its relativistic rise in the Time Projection Chamber and Time-of-Flight in STAR. The charged pion and proton+anti-proton spectra at high pT in p+p and d+Au collisions are in good agreement with a phenomenological model (EPOS) and with the next-to-leading order perturbative quantum chromodynamic (NLO pQCD) calculations with a specific fragmentation scheme and factorization scale. We found that all proton, anti-proton and charged pion spectra in p+p collisions follow xT-scalings for the momentum range where particle production is dominated by hard processes (pT > 2 GeV/c). The nuclear modification factor around midrapidity are found to be greater than unity for charged pions and to be even larger for protons at 2 < pT < 5 GeV/c.
description: 19 pages and 8 figures, published version and mT scaling included
Phase separation driven by surface diffusion: a Monte Carlo study
Creators: name: van Gemmert, S.
name: Barkema, G. T.
name: Puri, Sanjay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a kinetic Ising model to study phase separation driven by surface diffusion. This model is referred to as "Model S", and consists of the usual Kawasaki spin-exchange kinetics ("Model B") in conjunction with a kinetic constraint. We use novel multi-spin coding techniques to develop fast algorithms for Monte Carlo simulations of Models B and S. We use these algorithms to study the late stages of pattern dynamics in these systems.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures
Stellar Characterization of Keck HIRES Spectra with The Cannon
Creators: name: Rice, Malena
name: Brewer, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To accurately interpret the observed properties of exoplanets, it is necessary to first obtain a detailed understanding of host star properties. However, physical models that analyze stellar properties on a per-star basis can become computationally intractable for sufficiently large samples. Furthermore, these models are limited by the wavelength coverage of available spectra. We combine previously derived spectral properties from the Spectroscopic Properties of Cool Stars (SPOCS) catalog (Brewer et al. 2016) with generative modeling using The Cannon to produce a model capable of deriving stellar parameters ($\log g$, $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$, and $v\sin i$) and 15 elemental abundances (C, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Y) for stellar spectra observed with Keck Observatory's High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES). We demonstrate the high accuracy and precision of our model, which takes just $\sim$3 seconds to classify each star, through cross-validation with pre-labeled spectra from the SPOCS sample. Our trained model, which takes continuum-normalized template spectra as its inputs, is publicly available at https://github.com/malenarice/keckspec. Finally, we interpolate our spectra and employ the same modeling scheme to recover labels for 477 stars using archival stellar spectra obtained prior to Keck's 2004 detector upgrade, demonstrating that our interpolated model can successfully predict stellar labels for different spectrographs that have (1) sufficiently similar systematics and (2) a wavelength range that substantially overlaps with that of the post-2004 HIRES spectra.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 27 pages, 16 figures
The $\textit{Chandra}$ 3CR extragalactic survey at high redshift
Creators: name: Jimenez-Gallardo, A.
name: Massaro, F.
name: Prieto, M. A.
name: Missaglia, V.
name: Stuardi, C.
name: Paggi, A.
name: Ricci, F.
name: Kraft, R. P.
name: Liuzzo, E.
name: Tremblay, G. R.
name: Baum, S. A.
name: O'Dea, C. P.
name: Wilkes, B. J.
name: Kuraszkiewicz, J.
name: Forman, W. R.
name: Harris, D. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of nine radio sources belonging to the Third Cambridge Revised catalog (3CR) observed with $Chandra$ during Cycle 20 in the redshift range between 1.5 and 2.5. This study completes the 3CR $Chandra$ Snapshot Survey thus guaranteeing the X-ray coverage of all 3CR sources identified to date. This sample lists two compact steep spectrum sources, four radio galaxies and three quasars. We detected X-ray emission from all nuclei, with the only exception of 3C 326.1 and 3C 454.1 and from radio lobes in 6 out of 9 sources at level of confidence larger than $\sim$5$σ$. We measured X-ray fluxes and luminosities for all nuclei and lobes in the soft (0.5 - 1 keV), medium (1 - 2 keV) and hard (2 - 7 keV) X-ray bands. Since the discovered X-ray extended emission is spatially coincident with the radio structure in all cases, its origin could be due to Inverse Compton scattering of the Cosmic Microwave Background (IC/CMB) occurring in radio lobes.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables, ApJS accepted, pre-proof version
"Love's Sorrow". Sheet music edition based on the 1911 London recording of Fritz Kreisler (1875–1962) and Haddon Squire
Creators: name: Vollmer, Frithjof
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Kreisler
Performance Practice
Early Recording
Violin
Piano
Sheet Music Edition
Vibrato
Portamento
Phonograph
Gramophone

description: This sheet music edition of Fritz Kreisler's (1875–1962) “Love's Sorrow“, a character piece for violin and piano (first published in 1910), reproduces his own performance practice in the way he recorded it for the gramophone (London / “His Master's Voice“, 1911, his second recording of the piece) together with Haddon Squire (p). The performance was analysed both by close listening and by means of spectrograms, using the software SonicVisualiser. For questions on the vibrato and portamento execution and signs, please contact the author. If desired, compare with the linear transfer of the original 1911s shellac (attached, no sound modifications whatsoever).
description: {"references": ["Vollmer, Bolles. (forthcoming). In Search for the \"Phonograph Effect\": Performed violin gestures and their sound modification by early acoustic recording and reproduction devices (1901\u20131933)"]}
The Statistical Relationship between White-light Emission and Photospheric Magnetic Field Changes in Flares
Creators: name: Durán, J. S. Castellanos
name: Kleint, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Continuum emission, also called white-light emission (WLE), and permanent changes of the magnetic field ($Δ{B}_{\rm{LOS}}$) are often observed during solar flares. But their relation and their precise mechanisms are still unknown. We study statistically the relationship between $Δ{B}_{\rm{LOS}}$ and WLE during 75 solar flares of different strengths and locations on the solar disk. We analyze SDO/HMI data and determine for each pixel in each flare if it exhibited WLE and/or $Δ{B}_{\rm{LOS}}$. We then investigate the occurrence, strength, and spatial size of the WLE, its dependence on flare energy, and its correlation to the occurrence of $Δ{B}_{\rm{LOS}}$. We detected WLE in 44/75 flares and $Δ{B}_{\rm{LOS}}$ in 59/75 flares. We find that WLE and $Δ{B}_{\rm{LOS}}$ are related, and their locations often overlap between 0-60\%. Not all locations coincide, thus potentially indicating differences in their origin. We find that the WL area is related to the flare class by a power law and extend the findings of previous studies, that the WLE is related to the flare class by a power law, to also be valid for C-class flares. To compare unresolved (Sun-as-a-star) WL measurements to our data, we derive a method to calculate temperatures and areas of such data under the black-body assumption. The calculated unresolved WLE areas improve, but still differ to the resolved flaring area by about a factor of 5-10 (previously 10-20), which could be explained by various physical or instrumental causes. This method could also be applied to stellar flares to determine their temperatures and areas independently.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Canonical Gibbs distribution and thermodynamics of mechanical systems with a finite number of degrees of freedom
Creators: name: Kozlov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Traditional derivation of Gibbs canonical distribution and the justification of thermodynamics are based on the assumption concerning an isoenergetic ergodicity of a system of $n$ weakly interacting identical subsystems and passage to the limit $n\to\infty$. In the presented work we develop another approach to these problems assuming that $n$ is fixed and $n\ge2$. The ergodic hypothesis (which frequently is not valid due to known results of the KAM-theory) is substituted by a weaker assumption that the perturbed system does not have additional first integrals independent of the energy integral. The proof of nonintegrability of perturbed Hamiltonian systems is based on the Poincare method. Moreover, we use the natural Gibbs assumption concerning a thermodynamic equilibrium of bsystems at vanishing interaction. The general results are applied to the system of the weakly connected pendula. The averaging with respect to the Gibbs measure allows to pass from usual dynamics of mechanical systems to the classical thermodynamic model.
description: 15 pages
Acceptable Reforms of Agri-Environmental Policies
Creators: name: Bontems, Philippe
name: Rotillon, Gilles
name: Turpin, Nadine
name: Bontems, Philippe
name: Rotillon, Gilles
name: Turpin, Nadine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: We consider a model of regulation for nonpoint source water pollution through non linear taxation/subsidization of agricultural production. Farmers are heterogenous along two dimensions, their ability to transform inputs into final production and the available area they possess. Asymmetric information and participation of farmers to the regulation scheme put constraints on the optimal policy that we characterize. We show that a positive relationship between size of land and ability may exacerbate adverse selection effects. We then introduce acceptability constraints and show that the intervention under acceptability amounts to reallocate production towards inefficient farmers who benefit from the reform at the expense of efficient producers. Last, we calibrate the model using datas on a french watershed (Don watershed). Simulations indicate that satisfying a high degree of acceptability does not entail high welfare losses compared to low degree of acceptability.
Synchronization reveals topological scales in complex networks
Creators: name: Arenas, Alex
name: Diaz-Guilera, Albert
name: Perez-Vicente, Conrad J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the relationship between topological scales and dynamic time scales in complex networks. The analysis is based on the full dynamics towards synchronization of a system of coupled oscillators. In the synchronization process, modular structures corresponding to well defined communities of nodes emerge in different time scales, ordered in a hierarchical way. The analysis also provides a useful connection between synchronization dynamics, complex networks topology and spectral graph analysis.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Influence of calcium on the transfection properties of lipid-based gene delivery systems
Creators: name: Lam, Angela Man Iu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis is focused on examining the influence of calcium on the transfection potencies and the intracellular processing of two lipid-based gene delivery systems: plasmid DNA-cationic lipid complexes, and stabilized plasmid-lipid particles (SPLP). Results in Chapter 2 demonstrate that calcium can increase the in vitro transfection potency of plasmid DNA-cationic liposome complexes up to 20-fold. The effect is Ca²⁺-specific: other cations such as Mg² and Na⁺ did not give rise to enhanced transfection and the presence of EGTA inhibited the stimulatory effect. It was shown that Ca²⁺ increased cellular uptake of the DNA-lipid complexes, suggesting that increased transfection potency arose from increased intracellular delivery of both cationic lipid and plasmid DNA in the presence of Ca²⁺. In particular, the levels of intact intracellular plasmid DNA were significantly enhanced when Ca²⁺ was present. The generality of the Ca²⁺ effect for enhancing complex-mediated transfection is demonstrated for a number of different cell lines and different cationic lipid formulations. The influence of Ca²⁺ on SPLP, a system in which plasmid DNA is encapsulated within unilamellar lipid vesicles, is investigated in Chapter 3. It was shown that the transfection potency of SPLP in baby hamster kidney cells could be enhanced several hundred-fold by the presence of Ca²⁺. Interestingly, Ca²⁺- enhanced transfection did not result from enhanced uptake of SPLP into the baby hamster kidney cells. Evidence from fluorescent microscopy studies employing rhodamine-labeled SPLP, Southern blots analysis of delivered DNA, and ³¹P NMR studies of appropriate model membrane systems suggested that Ca²⁺ enhances the transfection potency of the encapsulated system by assisting in the destabilization of the endosomal membrane. This work was extended to .encapsulated systems that contained higher amounts of the cationic lipid and that contained a cationic pegylated lipid on its surface. Increases in potency of 3 to 5 orders of magnitude at the optimal Ca²⁺ concentrations were observed, indicating that Ca²⁺ and cationic lipid act synergistically to increase the transfection potency of lipid-based gene transfer systems. In summary, results of this work show that Ca²⁺ acts as an efficient cofactor for enhancing the transfection properties of lipid-based gene delivery systems.
Higher-order Weyl Semimetals
Creators: name: Ghorashi, Sayed Ali Akbar
name: Li, Tianhe
name: Hughes, Taylor L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate higher-order Weyl semimetals (HOWSMs) having bulk Weyl nodes attached to both surface and hinge Fermi arcs. We identify a new type of Weyl node, that we dub a $2nd$ order Weyl node, that can be identified as a transition in momentum space in which both the Chern number and a higher order topological invariant change. As a proof of concept we use a model of stacked higher order quadrupole insulators to identify three types of WSM phases: $1st$-order, $2nd$-order, and hybrid-order. The model can also realize type-II and hybrid-tilt WSMs with various surface and hinge arcs. Moreover, we show that a measurement of charge density in the presence of magnetic flux can help identify some classes of $2nd$ order WSMs. Remarkably, we find that coupling a $2nd$-order Weyl phase with a conventional $1st$-order one can lead to a hybrid-order topological insulator having coexisting surface cones and flat hinge arcs that are independent and not attached to each other. Finally, we show that periodic driving can be utilized as a way for generating HOWSMs. Our results are relevant to metamaterials as well as various phases of Cd$_3$As$_2$, KMgBi, and rutile-structure PtO$_2$ that have been predicted to realize higher order Dirac semimetals.
description: 4 figures
In Search of the "Phonograph Effect": Online Repository
Creators: name: Vollmer, Frithjof
name: Bolles, Boris-Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Early Recording
Violin Performance
Gramophone
Digital Signal Processing
Vibrato
Portamento
Articulation
Timbre
Fritz Kreisler
Love's Sorrow

description: This online repository contains data, visualisations, impulse responses (WAV), and sound files (WAV) related to various gramophones built between 1901 and 1933 as well as to a reenactment of a 1911 Fritz Kreisler performance of his "Love's Sorrow". The associated research project took place between 2019 and 2022 at the University of Music and Performing Arts, Stuttgart. Its findings will be published as: Vollmer, Frithjof; Bolles, Boris-Alexander: "In Search of the ‘Phonograph Effect’: Sonic gestures in violin performance and their modification by early recording and playback devices (1901–1933)"
description: {"references": ["Katz, M. (2010). Capturing sound: How technology has changed music (2nd ed.). Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press.", "Kob, M., & Weege, T. A. (2019). How to Interprete Early Recordings? Artefacts and Resonances in Recording and Reproduction of Singing Voices. In Rolf Bader (Ed.), Computational Phonogram Archiving (pp. 335-350). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02695-0_16", "Glasner, J. D., & Johnson, A. M. (2020). Effects of Historical Recording Technology on Vibrato in Modern-Day Opera Singers. Journal of Voice, published online August 17th, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.07.022", "H\u00e4hnel, T., & Martensen, K. (2019). How Thomas A. Edison shaped today's singing ideal: Tracking his ambiguous concept of tremolo by analysing archival documents and sound recordings. Empirical Musicology Review, 14(1-2), 22-49. https://doi.org/10.18061/emr.v14i1-2.6689"]}
Tobacco Farmer Interest and Success in Diversification
Creators: name: Jones, Alison Snow
name: Beach, Robert H.
name: Johnston, Stephen A.
name: Jones, Alison Snow
name: Beach, Robert H.
name: Johnston, Stephen A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Tobacco
subject: farm diversification
subject: household model
subject: quota buyout.

description: As U.S. farm income from tobacco production has declined in recent years, there has been increased interest in developing alternative sources of farm revenue to replace lost tobacco income, particularly in tobacco-dependent communities of the southeastern United States. The recent end of the tobacco quota program is expected to accelerate the exit of tobacco farmers and has heightened concern regarding the availability of profitable substitutes for tobacco. In this study, we examine the impact of farm, household, and market characteristics on tobacco farmer interest and success in on-farm and off-farm income diversification. Using survey data collected from a panel of North Carolina tobacco farmers in 1997, 1999, 2001, and 2004 combined with market data collected from secondary sources, we evaluate the influence of farmer preferences, resource endowments, market incentives, risk, and biophysical factors on tobacco farmers' attitudes regarding diversification into non-tobacco products, the extent to which they reallocated resources towards non-tobacco products, and their success in identifying profitable alternatives to tobacco production. Our research contributes empirical findings to the public dialogue concerning the ability of tobacco farmers and tobacco-dependent communities to adjust to structural changes taking place in the tobacco market.
Superconducting currents and charge gradients in the octonion spaces
Creators: name: Weng, Zi-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper focuses on applying the algebra of octonions to explore the influence of electric-charge gradients on the electric-current derivatives, revealing some of major influence factors of high pulse electric-currents. J. C. Maxwell was the first scholar to utilize the algebra of quaternions to study the physical properties of electromagnetic fields. The contemporary scholars employ simultaneously the quaternions and octonions to investigate the physical properties of electromagnetic fields, including the octonion field strength, field source, linear momentum, angular momentum, torque, and force and so forth. When the octonion force is equal to zero, it is able to achieve eight equations independent of each other, including the fluid continuity equation, current continuity equation, force equilibrium equation, and second-force equilibrium equation and so on. One of inferences derived from the second-force equilibrium equation is that the charge gradient and current derivative are interrelated closely, two of them must satisfy the need of the second-force equilibrium equation synchronously. Meanwhile the electromagnetic strength and linear momentum both may exert an influence on the current derivative to a certain extent. The above states that the charge gradient and current derivative are two correlative physical quantities, they must meet the requirement of second-force equilibrium equation. By means of controlling the charge gradients and other physical quantities, it is capable of restricting the development process of current derivatives, reducing the damage caused by the instantaneous impact of high pulse electric-currents, enhancing the anti-interference ability of electronic equipments to resist the high pulse electric-currents and their current derivatives. Further the second-force equilibrium equation is able to explain two types of superconducting currents.
Agriculture Productivity Growth: Is the Current Trend on the Track to Poverty Reduction?
Creators: name: Valenzuela, Ernesto
name: Ivanic, Maros
name: Ludena, Carlos E.
name: Hertel, Thomas W.
name: Valenzuela, Ernesto
name: Ivanic, Maros
name: Ludena, Carlos E.
name: Hertel, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: In this study we evaluate the effect of annual productivity growth in agriculture over the 1991-2001 period on poverty in eleven developing countries. We compare this with the optimal pattern of productivity growth of comparable cost with the sole goal of maximizing poverty reduction. This comparison reveals that regional agricultural development is a viable option in the fight for poverty reduction.
Agricultural and Small Business Retirement Plans and Needs for Information: Evidence from a Vermont Survey
Creators: name: Wang, Qingbin
name: Trent, Elizabeth
name: Parsons, Robert L.
name: Wang, Qingbin
name: Trent, Elizabeth
name: Parsons, Robert L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: A survey of Vermont agricultural and small business owners and managers was conducted to examine their retirement plans and needs for information. Results from 828 respondents indicate that 42% of them do not have any retirement plan and 45% of the surveyed businesses do not offer any retirement plan for their employees. Results also suggest that most small business owners and managers who do not have a retirement plan are not very interested in more information on retirement planning.
The economic relevance of climate variables in agriculture: The case of Spain
Creators: name: Garcia-Flecha, Maria
name: Viladrich-Grau, Montserrat
name: Garcia-Flecha, Maria
name: Viladrich-Grau, Montserrat
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: We estimate the impact of the different climate variables on the value of Spanish farmland. We distinguish between irrigated and non-irrigated lands and use data on temperature, precipitations, physical and socioeconomic characteristics to measure these effects on farm prices and in the number of hectares of farmland. We conclude presenting the main results of our analysis, region by region, and examining the policies that could be more effective to prevent undesired effects.