cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Instabilities of chromodyons in SO(5) gauge theory
Creators: name: Guo, Huidong
name: Weinberg, Erick J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Attempts to construct chromodyons - objects with both magnetic charge and non-Abelian electric charge - in the context of spontaneously broken gauge theories have been thwarted in the past by topological obstructions to globally defining the unbroken non-Abelian "color'' subgroup. In this paper we consider the possibility of chromodyons in a theory with SO(5) broken to SU(2) X U(1), where the topological obstructions are absent. We start by constructing a monopole with only magnetic charge. By exciting a global gauge zero mode about this monopole, we obtain a chromodyonic configuration that is an approximate solution of the field equations. We then numerically simulate the time evolution of this initial state, to see if it settles down in a stationary solution. Instead, we find that chromo-electric charge is continually radiated away, with every indication that this process will continue until this charge has been completely lost. We argue that this presents strong evidence against the existence of stable chromodyons.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures; typos fixed, minor corrections to a few equations
Utilizing of protein splicing phenomenon for optimization of obtaining and purification of the recombinant human growth hormone
Creators: name: Starokadomskyy, P. L.
name: Okunev, O. V.
name: Dubey, L. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Protein splicing is a post-translational autocatalystic excision of internal protein sequence (intein) with the subsequent ligation of the flanking polypeptides (exteins). The high specificity of excision ensured by intein makes it possible to use a phenomenon of protein splicing for the biotechnology purposes. The aim of this work was optimization of obtaining and purification of the recombinant human growth hormone using the protein splicing. It was experimentally demonstrated that the use of modified intein as auto-removal affine marker makes it possible to perform the rapid and cheap isolation of the recombinant protein Hgh. Furthermore, this approach allows to obtain the human growth hormone with native N-terminus, without formyl-metionine. Key words: intein, human growth hormone, protein splicing
description: On the base of thesis of 17th European students' Conference, 8-12 October 2006, Berlin, Germany
A Journey Between Two Curves
Creators: name: Cherkis, Sergey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A typical solution of an integrable system is described in terms of a holomorphic curve and a line bundle over it. The curve provides the action variables while the time evolution is a linear flow on the curve's Jacobian. Even though the system of Nahm equations is closely related to the Hitchin system, the curves appearing in these two cases have very different nature. The former can be described in terms of some classical scattering problem while the latter provides a solution to some Seiberg-Witten gauge theory. This note identifies the setup in which one can formulate the question of relating the two curves.
description: This is a contribution to the Proc. of workshop on Geometric Aspects of Integrable Systems (July 17-19, 2006; Coimbra, Portugal), published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
Preliminary mission profile of Hera's Milani CubeSat
Creators: name: Ferrari, Fabio
name: Franzese, Vittorio
name: Pugliatti, Mattia
name: Giordano, Carmine
name: Topputo, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CubeSats offer a flexible and low-cost option to increase the scientific and technological return of small-body exploration missions. ESA's Hera mission, the European component of the Asteroid Impact and Deflection Assessment (AIDA) international collaboration, plans on deploying two CubeSats in the proximity of binary system 65803 Didymos, after arrival in 2027. In this work, we discuss the feasibility and preliminary mission profile of Hera's Milani CubeSat. The CubeSat mission is designed to achieve both scientific and technological objectives. We identify the design challenges and discuss design criteria to find suitable solutions in terms of mission analysis, operational trajectories, and Guidance, Navigation, & Control (GNC) design. We present initial trajectories and GNC baseline, as a result of trade-off analyses. We assess the feasibility of the Milani CubeSat mission and provide a preliminary solution to cover the operational mission profile of Milani in the close-proximity of Didymos system.
description: Accepted on Advances in Space Research
Spin polarization in Lateral two-dimensional Heterostructures
Creators: name: Mouasvi, S. Hannan
name: Simchi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the spin polarization in the $MoS(Se)_{2}-WS(Se)_{2}$ Transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures by using the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method and a three-band tight-binding model near the edges of the first Brillouin zone. Although it has been shown that the structures have no significant spin polarization in a specific range of energy of electrons, by applying a transverse electric field in the sheet of the metal atoms, shedding light on the sample, and under a small bias voltage, a significant spin polarization in the structure could be created. Besides, by applying a suitable bias voltage between leads and applying the electric field a noticeable spin polarization can be found even without shedding the light on the heterostructures.
Nuclear Astrophysics: CIPANP 2006
Creators: name: Haxton, W. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review progress that has been made in nuclear astrophysics over the past few years and summarize some of the questions that remain. Topics selected include solar neutrinos, supernovae (the explosion and associated nucleosynthesis), laboratory astrophysics, and neutron star structure.
description: 11 pages; talk presented CIPANP 2006
iNNformant: Boundary Samples as Telltale Watermarks
Creators: name: Schlögl, Alexander
name: Kupek, Tobias
name: Böhme, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Boundary samples are special inputs to artificial neural networks crafted to identify the execution environment used for inference by the resulting output label. The paper presents and evaluates algorithms to generate transparent boundary samples. Transparency refers to a small perceptual distortion of the host signal (i.e., a natural input sample). For two established image classifiers, ResNet on FMNIST and CIFAR10, we show that it is possible to generate sets of boundary samples which can identify any of four tested microarchitectures. These sets can be built to not contain any sample with a worse peak signal-to-noise ratio than 70dB. We analyze the relationship between search complexity and resulting transparency.
description: Will be presented at IH&MMSEC '21
SUSY constraints from relic density: high sensitivity to pre-BBN expansion rate
Creators: name: Arbey, A.
name: Mahmoudi, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sensitivity of the lightest supersymmetric particle relic density calculation to the variation of the cosmological expansion rate before nucleosynthesis is discussed. We show that such a modification, even extremely modest and with no consequence on the cosmological observations, can greatly enhance the calculated relic density, and therefore change the constraints on the SUSY parameter space drastically. We illustrate this variation in two examples of SUSY models, and show that it is unsafe to use the lower bound of the WMAP limits in order to constrain supersymmetry. We therefore suggest to use only the upper value Omega_DM h^2 < 0.135.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures (updated WMAP constraints)
Three flavor neutrino oscillation analysis of atmospheric neutrinos in Super-Kamiokande
Creators: name: Kamiokande Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the results of a three-flavor oscillation analysis using Super-Kamiokande~I atmospheric neutrino data, with the assumption of one mass scale dominance ($Δm_{12}^2$$=$0). No significant flux change due to matter effect, which occurs when neutrinos propagate inside the Earth for $θ_{13}$$\neq$0, has been seen either in a multi-GeV $ν_e$-rich sample or in a $ν_μ$-rich sample. Both normal and inverted mass hierarchy hypotheses are tested and both are consistent with observation. Using Super-Kamiokande data only, 2-dimensional 90 % confidence allowed regions are obtained: mixing angles are constrained to $\sin^2θ_{13} < 0.14$ and $0.37 < \sin^2θ_{23} < 0.65$ for the normal mass hierarchy. Weaker constraints, $\sin^2θ_{13} < 0.27$ and $0.37 < \sin^2θ_{23} < 0.69$, are obtained for the inverted mass hierarchy case.
description: 7 figures, 3 tables
Supplementary document for Confocal super-resolution microscopy based on a spatial mode sorter - 5136255.pdf
Creators: name: Bearne, Katherine
name: Zhou, Yiyu
name: bbraverm, boris
name: Yang, Jing
name: Wadood, Sultan Abdul
name: Jordan, Andrew
name: Vamivakas, Nickolas
name: Shi, Zhimin
name: Boyd, Robert
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This Supplemental Document presents the derivations of equations in the primary manuscript, the effect of iteration numbers, and the performance characterization for additional objects.
Quantum oscillations, Magnetic breakdown and thermal Hall effect in Co$_3$Sn$_2$S$_2$
Creators: name: Ding, Linchao
name: Koo, Jahyun
name: Yi, Changjiang
name: Xu, Liangcai
name: Zuo, Huakun
name: Yang, Meng
name: Shi, Youguo
name: Yan, Binghai
name: Behnia, Kamran
name: Zhu, Zengwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Co$_3$Sn$_2$S$_2$ is a ferromagnetic semi-metal with Weyl nodes in its band structure and a large anomalous Hall effect below its Curie temperature of 177 K. We present a detailed study of its Fermi surface and examine the relevance of the anomalous transverse Wiedemann Franz law to it. We studied Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations along two orientations in single crystals with a mobility as high as $2.7\times$10$^3$ cm$^2$V$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$ subject to a magnetic field as large as $\sim$ 60 T. The angle dependence of the frequencies is in agreement with density functional theory (DFT) calculations and reveals two types of hole pockets (H1, H2) and two types of electron pockets (E1, E2). An additional unexpected frequency emerges at high magnetic field. We attribute it to magnetic breakdown between the hole pocket H2 and the electron pocket E2, since it is close to the sum of the E2 and H2 fundamental frequencies. By measuring the anomalous thermal and electrical Hall conductivities, we quantified the anomalous transverse Lorenz ratio, which is close to the Sommerfeld ratio ($L_0=\frac{π^2}{3}\frac{k_B^2}{e^2}$) below 100 K and deviates downwards at higher temperatures. This finite temperature deviation from the anomalous Wiedemann-Franz law is a source of information on the distance between the sources and sinks of the Berry curvature and the chemical potential.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, supplemental materials included
Mid-Infrared Emission from Dust around Quiescent Low-Mass X-ray Binaries
Creators: name: Muno, M. P.
name: Mauerhan, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of excess 4.5 and 8 micron emission from three quiescent black hole low-mass X-ray binaries, A 0620-00, GS 2023+338, and XTE J1118+480. The mid-infrared emission from GS 2023+338 probably originates in the accretion disk. However, the excess emission from A 0620-00 and XTE J1118+480 is brighter and peaks at longer wavelengths, and so probably originates from circumbinary dust that is heated by the light of the secondary star. We find that the inner edge of the dust distribution lies near 1.7 times the binary separation, which is the minimum radius at which a circumbinary disk would be stable against tidal disruption. The excess infrared emission is not detected at 24 micron, which implies that the dust does not extend beyond about 3 times the binary separation. The total masses of circumbinary material are between 10^22 and 10^24 g. The material could be the remains of fall-back disks produced in supernovae, or material from the companions injected into circumbinary orbits during mass transfer.
description: 5 pages, including two figures, one in color. re-submitted to ApJL after addressing referee's comments
Pixel Sampling for Style Preserving Face Pose Editing
Creators: name: Yin, Xiangnan
name: Huang, Di
name: Yang, Hongyu
name: Fu, Zehua
name: Wang, Yunhong
name: Chen, Liming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The existing auto-encoder based face pose editing methods primarily focus on modeling the identity preserving ability during pose synthesis, but are less able to preserve the image style properly, which refers to the color, brightness, saturation, etc. In this paper, we take advantage of the well-known frontal/profile optical illusion and present a novel two-stage approach to solve the aforementioned dilemma, where the task of face pose manipulation is cast into face inpainting. By selectively sampling pixels from the input face and slightly adjust their relative locations with the proposed ``Pixel Attention Sampling" module, the face editing result faithfully keeps the identity information as well as the image style unchanged. By leveraging high-dimensional embedding at the inpainting stage, finer details are generated. Further, with the 3D facial landmarks as guidance, our method is able to manipulate face pose in three degrees of freedom, i.e., yaw, pitch, and roll, resulting in more flexible face pose editing than merely controlling the yaw angle as usually achieved by the current state-of-the-art. Both the qualitative and quantitative evaluations validate the superiority of the proposed approach.
Real-time detection of uncalibrated sensors using Neural Networks
Creators: name: Muñoz-Molina, Luis J.
name: Cazorla-Piñar, Ignacio
name: Dominguez-Morales, Juan P.
name: Perez-Peña, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Nowadays, sensors play a major role in several contexts like science, industry and daily life which benefit of their use. However, the retrieved information must be reliable. Anomalies in the behavior of sensors can give rise to critical consequences such as ruining a scientific project or jeopardizing the quality of the production in industrial production lines. One of the more subtle kind of anomalies are uncalibrations. An uncalibration is said to take place when the sensor is not adjusted or standardized by calibration according to a ground truth value. In this work, an online machine-learning based uncalibration detector for temperature, humidity and pressure sensors was developed. This solution integrates an Artificial Neural Network as main component which learns from the behavior of the sensors under calibrated conditions. Then, after trained and deployed, it detects uncalibrations once they take place. The obtained results show that the proposed solution is able to detect uncalibrations for deviation values of 0.25 degrees, 1% RH and 1.5 Pa, respectively. This solution can be adapted to different contexts by means of transfer learning, whose application allows for the addition of new sensors, the deployment into new environments and the retraining of the model with minimum amounts of data.
Plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 and Alzheimer's Disease: Relation to Age, Mortality, and Risk
Creators: name: Mayeux, Richard Paul
name: Honig, Lawrence S.
name: Tang, Mingxin
name: Manly, Jennifer J.
name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Schupf, Nicole
name: Mehta, Pankaj D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Neurology
Amyloid beta-protein
Alzheimer's disease--Genetic aspects
Alzheimer's disease--Patients

description: BACKGROUND: Plasma amyloid [beta]-peptide (A[beta]) 40 and A[beta]42 levels are increased in persons with mutations causing early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). Plasma A[beta]42 levels were also used to link microsatellite genetic markers to a putative AD genetic locus on chromosome 10 and were observed in patients with incipient sporadic AD. METHODS: The authors measured plasma A[beta]40 and A[beta]42 levels using a sandwich ELISA after the initial examination of 530 individuals participating in an epidemiologic study of aging and dementia. Participants were examined at 18-month intervals, and plasma A[beta]40 and A[beta]42 levels were repeated in 307 subjects 3 years after baseline. RESULTS: Compared with individuals who never developed AD, patients with AD at baseline and those who developed AD during the follow-up had significantly higher A[beta]42, but not A[beta]40, plasma levels. The risk of AD in the highest quartile of plasma A[beta]42 was increased by more than twofold over that in the lowest quartile. The highest plasma A[beta]42 levels were observed in patients with AD who died during the follow-up. Plasma A[beta]42, but not A[beta]40, levels decreased over time in patients with newly acquired AD. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma A[beta]40 and A[beta]42 increase with age and are strongly correlated with each other. Plasma A[beta]40 and A[beta]42 levels are elevated in some patients before and during the early stages of AD but decline thereafter. High plasma A[beta]42 levels may also be associated with mortality in patients with AD.
Multivariate and Univariate Analysis of Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion MRI in Alzheimer's Disease
Creators: name: Asllani, Iris
name: Habeck, Christian G.
name: Scarmeas, Nikolaos
name: Borogovac, Ajna
name: Brown, Truman R.
name: Stern, Yaakov
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Neurology
Alzheimer's disease
Cerebral circulation
Multivariate analysis

description: Continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was combined with multivariate analysis for detection of an Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related cerebral blood flow (CBF) covariance pattern. Whole-brain resting CBF maps were obtained using spin echo, echo planar imaging (SE-EPI) CASL in patients with mild AD (n=12, age=70.7+/-8.7 years, 7 males, modified Mini-Mental State Examination (mMMS)=38.7/57+/-11.1) and age-matched healthy controls (HC) (n=20; age=72.1+/-6.5 years, 8 males). A covariance pattern for which the mean expression was significantly higher (P<0.0005) in AD than in HC was identified containing posterior cingulate, superior temporal, parahippocampal, and fusiform gyri, as well as thalamus, insula, and hippocampus. The results from this analysis were supplemented with those from the more standard, region of interest (ROI) and voxelwise, univariate techniques. All ROIs (17/hemisphere) showed significant decrease in CBF in AD (P<0.001 for all ROIs, alphacorrected=0.05). The area under the ROC curve for discriminating AD versus HC was 0.97 and 0.94 for covariance pattern and gray matter ROI, respectively. Fewer areas of depressed CBF in AD were detected using voxelwise analysis (corrected, P<0.05). These areas were superior temporal, cingulate, middle temporal, fusiform gyri, as well as inferior parietal lobule and precuneus. When tested on extensive split-half analysis to map out the replicability of both multivariate and univariate approaches, the expression of the pattern from multivariate analysis was superior to that of the univariate
Extreme Value Statistics of the Total Energy in an Intermediate Complexity Model of the Mid-latitude Atmospheric Jet. Part II: trend detection and assessment
Creators: name: Felici, Mara
name: Lucarini, Valerio
name: Speranza, Antonio
name: Vitolo, Renato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A baroclinic model for the atmospheric jet at middle-latitudes is used as stochastic generator of non-stationary time series of the total energy of the system. A linear time trend is imposed on the parameter $T_E$, descriptive of the forced equator-to-pole temperature gradient and responsible for setting the average baroclinicity in the model. The focus lies on establishing a theoretically sound framework for the detection and assessment of trend at extreme values of the generated time series. This problem is dealt with by fitting time-dependent Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) models to sequences of yearly maxima of the total energy. A family of GEV models is used in which the location $μ$ and scale parameters $σ$ depend quadratically and linearly on time, respectively, while the shape parameter $ξ$ is kept constant. From this family, a model is selected by using diagnostic graphical tools, such as probability and quantile plots, and by means of the likelihood ratio test. The inferred location and scale parameters are found to depend in a rather smooth way on time and, therefore, on $T_E$. In particular, power-law dependences of $μ$ and $σ$ on $T_E$ are obtained, in analogy with the results of a previous work where the same baroclinic model was run with fixed values of $T_E$ spanning the same range as in this case. It is emphasized under which conditions the adopted approach is valid.
description: 33 Pages, 7 Figures, 6 Tables
Cognitive Reserve Moderates the Association between Functional Network Anti-Correlations and Memory in MCI
Creators: name: Franzmeier, Nicolai
name: Buerger, Katharina
name: Teipel, Stefan
name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Dichgans, Martin
name: Ewers, Michael
name: Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Neurobiology
Aging
Brain--Aging
Cognition--Age factors
Memory
Mild cognitive impairment

description: Cognitive reserve (CR) shows protective effects on cognitive function in older adults. Here, we focused on the effects of CR at the functional network level. We assessed in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) whether higher CR moderates the association between low internetwork cross-talk on memory performance. In 2 independent aMCI samples (n = 76 and 93) and healthy controls (HC, n = 36), CR was assessed via years of education and intelligence (IQ). We focused on the anti-correlation between the dorsal attention network (DAN) and an anterior and posterior default mode network (DMN), assessed via sliding time window analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The DMN-DAN anti-correlation was numerically but not significantly lower in aMCI compared to HC. However, in aMCI, lower anterior DMN-DAN anti-correlation was associated with lower memory performance. This association was moderated by CR proxies, where the association between the internetwork anti-correlation and memory performance was alleviated at higher levels of education or IQ. In conclusion, lower DAN-DMN cross-talk is associated with lower memory in aMCI, where such effects are buffered by higher CR.
Dimers on the Triangular Kagome Lattice
Creators: name: Loh, Yen Lee
name: Yao, Dao-Xin
name: Carlson, Erica W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive exact results for close-packed dimers on the triangular kagome lattice (TKL), formed by inserting triangles into the triangles of the kagome lattice. Because the TKL is a non-bipartite lattice, dimer-dimer correlations are short-ranged, so that the ground state at the Rokhsar-Kivelson (RK) point of the corresponding quantum dimer model on the same lattice is a short-ranged spin liquid. Using the Pfaffian method, we derive an exact form for the free energy, and we find that the entropy is 1/3 ln2 per site, regardless of the weights of the bonds. The occupation probability of every bond is 1/4 in the case of equal weights on every bond. Similar to the case of lattices formed by corner-sharing triangles (such as the kagome and squagome lattices), we find that the dimer-dimer correlation function is identically zero beyond a certain (short) distance. We find in addition that monomers are deconfined on the TKL, indicating that there is a short-ranged spin liquid phase at the RK point. We also find exact results for the ground state energy of the classical Heisenberg model. The ground state can be ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, locally coplanar, or locally canted, depending on the couplings. From the dimer model and the classical spin model, we derive upper bounds on the ground state energy of the quantum Heisenberg model on the TKL.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, http://www.physics.purdue.edu/~dyao/
Chiral Perturbation Theory Beyond One Loop
Creators: name: Bijnens, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existing Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT) calculations at order $p^6$ are reviewed. The principles of ChPT and how they are used are introduced. The main part is a review of the two- and three-flavour full two-loop calculations and their comparison with experiment. We restrict the discussion to the mesonic purely strong and semileptonic sector. The review concludes by mentioning the existing results in finite volume, finite temperature and partially quenched ChPT.
description: 66 pages, review article, some references added plus a few discussions extended
Association Between Learning Environment Interventions and Medical Student Well-being: A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Wasson, Lauren
name: Cusmano, Amberle
name: Meli, Laura
name: Louh, Irene Kathryn Klein
name: Falzon, Louise
name: Hampsey, Meghan
name: Young, Geoffrey
name: Shaffer, Jonathan A.
name: Davidson, Karina W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Medical students
Well-being
Medical students--Psychology
Universities and colleges

description: Importance: Concerns exist about the current quality of undergraduate medical education and its effect on students' well-being. Objective: To identify best practices for undergraduate medical education learning environment interventions that are associated with improved emotional well-being of students. Data Sources: Learning environment interventions were identified by searching the biomedical electronic databases Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and ERIC from database inception dates to October 2016. Studies examined any intervention designed to promote medical students' emotional well-being in the setting of a US academic medical school, with an outcome defined as students' reports of well-being as assessed by surveys, semistructured interviews, or other quantitative methods. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Two investigators independently reviewed abstracts and full-text articles. Data were extracted into tables to summarize results. Study quality was assessed by the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERQSI), which has a possible range of 5 to 18; higher scores indicate higher design and methods quality and a score of 14 or higher indicates a high-quality study. Findings: Twenty-eight articles including at least 8224 participants met eligibility criteria. Study designs included single-group cross-sectional or posttest only (n = 10), single-group pretest/posttest (n = 2), nonrandomized 2-group (n = 13), and randomized clinical trial (n = 3); 89.2% were conducted at a single site, and the mean MERSQI score for all studies was 10.3 (SD, 2.11; range, 5-13). Studies encompassed a variety of interventions, including those focused on pass/fail grading systems (n = 3; mean MERSQI score, 12.0), mental health programs (n = 4; mean MERSQI score, 11.9), mind-body skills programs (n = 7; mean MERSQI score, 11.3), curriculum structure (n = 3; mean MERSQI score, 9.5), multicomponent program reform (n = 5; mean MERSQI score, 9.4), wellness programs (n = 4; mean MERSQI score, 9.0), and advising/mentoring programs (n = 3; mean MERSQI score, 8.2). Conclusions and Relevance: In this systematic review, limited evidence suggested that some specific learning environment interventions were associated with improved emotional well-being among medical students. However, the overall quality of the evidence was low, highlighting the need for high-quality medical education research.
Coherent states for a system of an electron moving on plane
Creators: name: Aremua, Isiaka
name: Gouba, Laure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we construct the coherent states for a system of an electron moving on plane in uniform external magnetic and electric fields. These coherent states are built in the context of both discrete and continuous spectra and satisfy the Gazeau-Klauder coherent states properties [1].
description: 16 pages
Seeds of Recovery After The Financial Crisis
Creators: name: Phelps, Edmund S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics
Global Financial Crisis (2008-2009)
Financial crises

description: The powerful downswing in economic activity in the past two years is not the only disturbing downswing experienced in the western world after the 1930s. This time the origins of the downswing are known – details aside – and there is no social unrest. Yet we have had little experience with downswings resulting from asset price collapse leading to near-insolvency and financial crisis. For that reason, it has taken considerable thought to understand the reasons this present downswing not only caused an end to he housing boom but also the beginning of a slump, or depression. Now the question is, what are the mechanisms of the upswing?
Infrared Spectroscopic Survey of the Quiescent Medium of Nearby Clouds: II. Ice Formation and Grain Growth in Perseus and Serpens
Creators: name: Madden, M. C. L.
name: Boogert, A. C. A.
name: Chiar, J. E.
name: Knez, C.
name: Pendleton, Y. J.
name: Tielens, A. G. G. M.
name: Yip, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of dust change during the transition from diffuse to dense clouds as a result of ice formation and dust coagulation, but much is still unclear about this transformation. We present 2-20 micron spectra of 49 field stars behind the Perseus and Serpens Molecular Clouds and establish relationships between the near-infrared continuum extinction (AK) and the depths of the 9.7 micron silicate (tau97) and 3.0 micron H2O ice (tau30) absorption bands. The tau97/AK ratio varies from large, diffuse interstellar medium-like values (~0.55), to much lower ratios (~0.26). Above extinctions of AK~1.2 (AV~10; Perseus, Lupus, dense cores) and ~2.0 (AV~17; Serpens), the tau97/AK ratio is lowest. The tau97/AK reduction from diffuse to dense clouds is consistent with a moderate degree of grain growth (sizes up to ~0.5 micron), increasing the near-infrared color excess (and thus AK), but not affecting ice and silicate band profiles. This grain growth process seems to be related to the ice column densities and dense core formation thresholds, highlighting the importance of density. After correction for Serpens foreground extinction, the H2O ice formation threshold is in the range of AK=0.31-0.40 (AV=2.6-3.4) for all clouds, and thus grain growth takes place after the ices are formed. Finally, abundant CH3OH ice (~21% relative to H2O) is reported for 2MASSJ18285266+0028242 (Serpens), a factor of >4 larger than for the other targets.
description: 29 pages+17 pages appendix. Published in The Astrophysical Journal, 930, 2, 2022
The Challenge of Innovation in Turbulent Times: A Report Submitted to the Global Agenda Council
Creators: name: Foray, Dominique
name: Phelps, Edmund S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Economics
Technological innovations
Technological innovations--Government policy
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship--Government policy

description: Our societies face Grand Challenges – all global and systemic – from health care to climate change and energy conservation, and from food and water security and to aging populations. The good news is that we may be able to meet these challenges. Intense innovation may be the way to manage all these potential crises. We know better than ever before how to innovate and this offers an element of hope - maybe the only one. On the other hand, investing in commercializing new technologies now requires substantial funds and time and entails a strong dimension of risk and uncertainty. The variance of distribution of expected returns from investing in the development of new processes or products is much greater than in the case of other kinds of business investments. Like any other economic agent, potential innovators respond to incentives; they have certain private marginal return expectations. And so in most cases, given this great uncertainty and risk, as well as the positive externalities associated with the process of the generation of new knowledge and information, further incentives need to be provided through “innovation policy”: Opening and integrating product markets, improving technology transfers, designing financial instruments better adapted to the funding needs of the different types of innovators, and creating strong universities are some of the most important policy directions. Private-sector investments will respond to the incentives created by public policies only to the extent that the policies are perceived to be credible – lasting and reasonably stable.
Effects of the menstrual cycle and oral contraceptives on athletic performance
Creators: name: Lebrun, Constance Marie Therese
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: There have been few well-controlled studies to date on the influence of different phases of the menstrual cycle on athletic performance, and information is even more sparse on potential effects of oral contraceptive agents (OCAs) on performance. Many of the earlier studies failed to accurately document the phase of the cycle, or used a variety of different oral contraceptives with higher dosages of estrogens and progestins than those in current usage. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the endogenous hormonal variations of a normal menstrual cycle and the administration of a low-dose triphasic oral contraceptive agent (OCA)on selected measures of athletic performance in a group of elite female athletes. Nineteen eumenorrheic women were studied during the midfollicular (day 5.7 ± 0.5; mean + SE) and midluteal (day 23.3 ± 0.9) phases of a normal menstrual cycle. Cycle phases were confirmed by plasma estradiol and progesterone assays. Following the two menstrual cycle tests, subjects were randomly assigned in a double blind fashion to either a placebo group (n=7, age=28.3 + 1.6 yr, height=168.6 ± 2.0 cm, weight=60.0 ± 3.5 kg) or an OCA group (n=7, age=27.1 ± 1.6 yr, height=168.5 ± 1.9 cm, weight=60.2 ± 1.7 kg). A third test was carried out during the midcycle (day 14.4 ± 0.54) of the second cycle of the placebo/OCA administration. . . . [more text]
Hadamard matrices of order 764 exist
Creators: name: Djokovic, Dragomir Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05B20; 05B30

description: We construct two Hadamard matrices of order 764. Both are of Goethals-Seidel type.
description: 3 pages
Nucleon matrix element of Weinberg's CP-odd gluon operator from the instanton vacuum
Creators: name: Weiss, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the nucleon matrix element of Weinberg's dimension-6 CP-odd gluon operator $f^{abc} (\tilde F_{μν})^a (F^{μρ})^b (F^ν_{\;\;ρ})^c$ in the instanton vacuum. In leading order of the instanton packing fraction, the dimension-6 operator is effectively proportional to the topological charge density $(\tilde F_{μν})^a (F^{μν})^a$, whose nucleon matrix element is given by the flavor-singlet axial charge and constrained by the $U(1)_A$ anomaly. The nucleon matrix element of the dimension-6 operator is obtained substantially larger than in other estimates, because of the strong localization of the nonperturbative gluon fields in the instanton vacuum. We argue that the neutron electric dipole moment induced by the dimension-6 operator is nevertheless of conventional size.
description: 7 pages, no figures
Supersymmetric Jaynes-Cummings model and its exact solutions
Creators: name: Alhaidari, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The super-algebraic structure of a generalized version of the Jaynes-Cummings model is investigated. We find that a Z2 graded extension of the so(2,1) Lie algebra is the underlying symmetry of this model. It is isomorphic to the four-dimensional super-algebra u(1/1) with two odd and two even elements. Differential matrix operators are taken as realization of the elements of the superalgebra to which the model Hamiltonian belongs. Several examples with various choices of superpotentials are presented. The energy spectrum and corresponding wavefunctions are obtained analytically.
description: 12 pages, no figures
Insights into the molecular features of the von Hippel-Lindau like protein
Creators: name: Minervini, Giovanni
name: Quaglia, Federica
name: Tabaro, Francesco
name: Tosatto, Silvio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Von Hippel-Lindau disease, hereditary neoplastic syndrome, cancer, bioinformatics

description: Trajectory files of VLP protein alone and in complex with both wild type and hydroxylated HIF-1a fragments. Trajectories were generated with Gromacs 4.6.7 using the CHARMM27 force field.
Confining string and its widening in HP1 embedding approach
Creators: name: Chernodub, M. N.
name: Gubarev, F. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Structure of confining string in terms of the topological charge density and the action density is studied in SU(2) Yang-Mills theory on the lattice using HP1 sigma-model embedding approach. We find that the confining flux tube noticeably suppresses both the topological charge and the action densities. Beyond the string formation length the string cross section in terms of these quantities is well described by a Gaussian profile. In both cases the squared string width is found to be a logarithmic function of the string length confirming the Luscher widening of the chromoelectric string. Characteristic string scales in terms of the topological and action densities are estimated as well.
description: 13 pages, 20 figures, RevTeX 4.0; replaced to match published version
Angiogenesis and Ovarian Function
Creators: name: Douglas, Nataki C.
name: Nakhuda, Gary S.
name: Sauer, Mark V.
name: Zimmermann, Ralf C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Obstetrics
Gynecology

description: Ovarian follicle development and corpus luteum formation involves recurrent, regulated, and self-limited angiogenesis. In rodent and non-human primate models it was shown that the VEGF/VEGF receptor 2 signal transduction pathway is of critical importance for ovarian angiogenesis. Clinically manipulation of this pathway might be helpful in finding new treatment methods for ovarian cancer, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, polycystic ovarian disease, endometriosis, as well as new, non-hormonal contraceptive approaches.
Resonance in the electron-doped high-Tc superconductor Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO(4-delta)
Creators: name: Wilson, Stephen D.
name: Dai, Pengcheng
name: Li, Shiliang
name: Chi, Songxue
name: Kang, H. J.
name: Lynn, J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In conventional superconductors, the interaction that pairs the electrons to form the superconducting state is mediated by lattice vibrations (phonons). In high-transition temperature (high-Tc) copper oxides, it is generally believed that magnetic excitations play a fundamental role in the superconducting mechanism because superconductivity occurs when mobile 'electrons' or 'holes' are doped into the antiferromagnetic parent compounds. Indeed, a sharp magnetic excitation termed "resonance" has been observed by neutron scattering in a number of hole-doped materials. The resonance is intimately related to superconductivity, and its interaction with charged quasi-particles observed by photoemission, optical conductivity, and tunneling suggests that it plays a similar role as phonons in conventional superconductors. However, the relevance of the resonance to high-Tc superconductivity has been in doubt because so far it has been found only in hole-doped materials. Here we report the discovery of the resonance in electron-doped superconducting Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO(4-delta) (Tc = 24 K). We find that the resonance energy (Er) is proportional to Tc via Er = 5.8kBTc (kB is the Boltzmann's constant) for all high-Tc superconductors irrespective of electron- or hole-doping (Fig. 1e). Our results demonstrate that the resonance is a fundamental property of the superconducting copper oxides and therefore must play an essential role in the mechanism of superconductivity.
description: PDF file with 4 Figures
Nonreciprocal guided waves in presence of swift electron beams
Creators: name: Fallah, Asma
name: Kiasat, Yasaman
name: Silveirinha, Mário G.
name: Engheta, Nader
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Breaking the reciprocity of electromagnetic interactions is of paramount importance in photonic and microwave technologies, as it enables unidirectional power flows and other unique electromagnetic phenomena. Here we explore a method to break the reciprocity of electromagnetic guided waves utilizing an electron beam with a constant velocity. By introducing an effective dynamic conductivity for the beam, we theoretically demonstrate how nonreciprocal guided waves and a one-way propagating regime can be achieved through the interaction of swift electrons with electromagnetic waves in two-dimensional (2D) parallel-plate and three-dimensional (3D) circular-cylindrical waveguides. Unlike the conventional electron beam structures such as traveling wave tubes and electron accelerators, here the goal is neither to generate and/or amplify the wave nor to accelerate electrons. Instead, we study the salient features of nonreciprocity and unidirectionality of guided waves in such structures. The relevant electromagnetic properties such as the modal dispersion, the field distributions, the operating frequency range, and the nonreciprocity strength and its dependence on the electron velocity and number density are presented and discussed. Moreover, we compare the dispersion characteristics of waves in such structures with some electric-current-based scenarios in materials reported earlier. This broadband tunable magnet-free method offers a unique opportunity to have a switchable strong nonreciprocal response in optoelectronics, nanophotonics, and THz systems.
description: 26 pages (including the supplementary materials), 7 figures (including 3 figures in the supplementary materials)
Quantum Critical Point and Entanglement in a Matrix Product Ground State
Creators: name: Tribedi, Amit
name: Bose, Indrani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the entanglement properties of a spin-1 model the exact ground state of which is given by a Matrix Product state. The model exhibits a critical point transition at a parameter value a=0. The longitudinal and transverse correlation lengths are known to diverge as a tends to zero. We use three different entanglement measures S(i) (the one-site von Neumann entropy), S(i,j) (the two-body entanglement) and G(2,n) (the generalized global entanglement) to determine the entanglement content of the MP ground state as the parameter a is varied. The entanglement length, associated with S(i,j), is found to diverge in the vicinity of the quantum critical point a=0. The first derivative of the entanglement measure E (=S(i), S(i,j)) w.r.t. the parameter a also diverges. The first derivative of G(2,n) w.r.t. a does not diverge as a tends to zero but attains a maximum value at a=0. At the QCP itself all the three entanglement measures become zero. We further show that multipartite correlations are involved in the QPT at a=0.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Schoepfung und Befreiung. Sozialgeschichtliche Bibelauslegung zu Gen 8,18-22
Creators: name: Kahl, Brigitte W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: Religion
Theology

description: Es gibt wenige Stellen in der Bibel, an denen Gerechtigkeit, Frieden und Bewahrung der Schöpfung so bildhaft-elementar miteinander verknüpft sind wie in der Erzählung von der Arche. Ein Jahr lang habensie ohne Blutvergießen unter einem gemeinsamen Dach gewohnt, Noahs Familie und die gesamte zoologische Artenvielfalt (8, 19), die Fische ausgenommen. Kein Tier und kein Mensch mußte töten, um sich am Leben zu halten. Zwölf Monate, in denen die Wölfe bei den Lämmern gewohnt haben, das Recht des Stärkeren eingegrenzt war durch das Lebensrecht des Schwächeren. Der gemeinsame Zug der menschen- und tiergestaltigen Erdenkinder (vgl. 2, 9.19) zurück zur Erde ist eine feierliche Demonstration der guten, ur-friedlichen Schöpfung, von Gott aus Gnade bewahrt durch den Gehorsam des einen Gerechten (6, 9; vgl. die "Bewährung" von Noahs Gerechtigkeit im dreimaligen Hören und Tun des Gotteswortes 6,22; 7, 5; 8, 18). Von nun an soll ihr der Boden (adama) unter den Füßen nicht mehr entzogen werden (5, 21 ij, auch wenn das Bösesein des Menschen (adam) die integrale Harmonie der Schöpfung in ihrer paradiesischen und "arche-typischen" Form nicht fortbestehen läßt (8,21; 9, 1 ffl).