cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mechanical approach to surface tension and capillary phenomena
Creators: name: Durand, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many textbooks dealing with surface tension favor the thermodynamic approach (minimization of some thermodynamic potential such as free energy) over the mechanical approach (balance of forces) to describe capillary phenomena, stating that the latter is flawed and misleading. Yet, mechanical approach is more intuitive for students than free energy minimization, and does not require any knowledge of thermodynamics. In this paper we show that capillary phenomena can be unmistakably described using the mechanical approach, as long as the system on which the forces act is properly defined. After reminding the microscopic origin of a tangential tensile force at the interface, we derive the Young-Dupr{é} equation, emphasizing that this relation should be interpreted as an interface condition at the contact line, rather than a force balance equation. This correct interpretation avoids misidentification of capillary forces acting on a given system. Moreover, we show that a reliable method to correctly identify the acting forces is to define a control volume that does not embed any contact line on its surface. Finally, as an illustration of this method, we apply the mechanical approach in a variety of ways on a classic example: the derivation of the equilibrium height of capillary rise (Jurin's law).
Second variational derivative of gauge-natural invariant Lagrangians and conservation laws
Creators: name: Francaviglia, M.
name: Palese, M.
name: Winterroth, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58A20;58A32;58E30;58E40;58J10;58J70

description: We consider the second variational derivative of a given gauge-natural invariant Lagrangian taken with respect to (prolongations of) vertical parts of gauge-natural lifts of infinitesimal principal automorphisms. By requiring such a second variational derivative to vanish, {\em via} the Second Noether Theorem we find that a covariant strongly conserved current is canonically associated with the deformed Lagrangian obtained by contracting Euler--Lagrange equations of the original Lagrangian with (prolongations of) vertical parts of gauge-natural lifts of infinitesimal principal automorphisms lying in the kernel of the generalized gauge-natural Jacobi morphism.
description: 17 pages; some misprints corrected, few changes, reference list updated, v3 to appear in Proc. IX Int. Conf. on Diff. Geom. and its Appl. (Prague 30/08-03/09/2004)
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN APPROACHES TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF FABRY'S DISEASE
Creators: name: Aripov, A.N.
name: Aripov, O.A.
name: Mukhammadzjonov, B.B.
name: Sha-Akhmedova, L.R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This coordinated statement by the Fabry Disease Expert Group was created with the aim of identifying areas where experts agreed on the conceptual, clinical and therapeutic aspects of Fabry disease. In addition, it was aimed at providing medical professionals with advice on the best methods of managing patients with Fabry's disease in both adults and children. This agreed statement notes the clinical heterogeneity of FD and the multitude of pathogenic variants of the GLA gene. This highlights the importance of an individual approach to the treatment of patients. Experts agreed that a high index of suspicion in patients with symptoms and screening of certain risk groups are crucial for a timely and accurate diagnosis of FD. They also increase the awareness of attending physicians about various pathogenetic variants and their clinical consequences.
Insider Power, Outsider Ineffectiveness and Product Market Competition: Evidence from Australia
Creators: name: Dobbie, Michael
name: Dobbie, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: insiders
subject: outsiders
subject: product market competition

description: Insider-outsider theories have been advanced to explain a range of phenomena, principally the persistence of unemployment. This paper uses data from the Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey 1995, and regional labour force survey data, to test this model. The paper also examines how the extent of product market competition faced by a firm influences the ability of insiders to ignore outsiders in wage setting. The paper finds provisional support for the insider-outsider distinction, and for the idea that insider power is enhanced when product market competition is weak.
Mechanisms of arsenic clustering in silicon
Creators: name: Komarov, F. F.
name: Velichko, O. I.
name: Dobrushkin, V. A.
name: Mironov, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model of arsenic clustering in silicon is proposed and analyzed. The main feature of the proposed model is the assumption that negatively charged arsenic complexes play a dominant role in the clustering process. To confirm this assumption, electron density and concentration of impurity atoms incorporated into the clusters are calculated as functions of the total arsenic concentration. A number of the negatively charged clusters incorporating a point defect and one or more arsenic atoms are investigated. It is shown that for the doubly negatively charged clusters or for clusters incorporating more than one arsenic atom the electron density reaches a maximum value and then monotonically and slowly decreases as total arsenic concentration increases. In the case of doubly negatively charged cluster incorporating two arsenic atoms, the calculated electron density agrees well with the experimental data. Agreement with the experiment confirms the conclusion that two arsenic atoms participate in the cluster formation. Among all present models, the proposed model of clustering by formation of doubly negatively charged cluster incorporating two arsenic atoms gives the best fit to the experimental data and can be used in simulation of high concentration arsenic diffusion.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures. Revised and shortened version of the paper has been published in Phys. Rev. B, Vol.74 (3), art. no. 035205 (2006)
Near-field infrared nanospectroscopy reveals guest confinement in metal-organic framework single crystals
Creators: name: Möslein, Annika F.
name: Gutiérrez, Mario
name: Cohen, Boiko
name: Tan, Jin-Chong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can provide exceptional porosity for molecular guest encapsulation useful for emergent applications in sensing, gas storage, drug delivery and optoelectronics. Central to the realisation of such applications however is the successful incorporation of a functional guest confined within the host framework. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, the feasibility of scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) and nano-Fourier transform infrared (nanoFTIR) spectroscopy, in concert with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to reveal the vibrational characteristics of the Guest@MOF systems. Probing individual MOF crystals, we pinpoint the local molecular vibrations and thus, shed new light on the host-guest interactions at the nanoscale. Our strategy not only confirms the successful encapsulation of luminescent guest molecules in the porous host framework in single crystals, but further provides a new methodology for nanoscale-resolved physical and chemical identification of wide-ranging framework materials and designer porous systems for advanced applications.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Rationality of the Anomalous Dimensions in N=4 SYM theory
Creators: name: Genovese, Luigi
name: Stanev, Yassen S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconsider the general constraints on the perturbative anomalous dimensions in conformal invariant QFT and in particular in N=4 SYM with gauge group SU(N_c). We show that all the perturbative corrections to the anomalous dimension of a renormalized gauge invariant local operator can be written as polynomials in its one loop anomalous dimension. In the N=4 SYM theory the coefficients of these polynomials are rational functions of the number of colours N_c.
description: 20 pages, LaTeX
Mapping South China Sea Region by GMT for Marine Geological Analysis and Visualization
Creators: name: Lemenkova, Polina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90901 Cartography
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Geography
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geology
subject: 80103 Computer Graphics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 80104 Computer Vision
subject: Computer Software

description: The study details geological analysis of the South China Sea region. South China Sea is a marginal sea located in unique geographical region of west Pacific Ocean. It has a complex tectonics history being developed at subduction zone of three tectonic plates: Eurasian, Pacific and Indian. Geologically, South China Sea is rich in mineral resources and has high geological prospects. Within the scope of the study, the review of the general settings of the study area (bathymetry, geology, tectonics and sedimentation) is accomplished by the report on the current activities, methods and research clusters. Current directions in the marine geological research in the South China Sea area are presented. Research methods of the seafloor surveying and mapping currently undertaken in the South China Sea region are described: systematic measurement by multi-beam echo-sounders, altimetric measurements, GPS positioning, application of the unmanned underwater vehicles, GIS mapping, data analysis, dredging and drilling. The results include maps visualized by means of Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) showing geological and geophysical settings in the South China Sea region, bathymetry and model of the marine free-air gravity. Research development and recent progress in marine geologic investigations are reported with focus on current activities in the coastal area of the South China Sea region.
Market Valuation and Risk Assessment of Canadian Banks
Creators: name: Liu, Ying
name: Papakirykos, Eli
name: Yuan, Mingwei
name: Liu, Ying
name: Papakirykos, Eli
name: Yuan, Mingwei
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: asset pricing
subject: financial institution

description: This paper applies the asset valuation model developed by Rabinovitch (1989) to the six largest Canadian banks. The model is an extension of the Merton (1977a) option-pricing model with the incorporation of stochastic interest rates. We then introduce a measure of distance-to default, Z-score. Our results indicate that the market value of bank assets is almost always below its book value and that Canadian banks have a very low insolvency risk over time, except for 1982 and 1983. We also find that both the market valuation of the bank assets and the z-score of these Canadian banks demonstrate similar regime switches in the late 1990s, which may be related to regulatory changes during the 1990s.
Interstellar dust: what is it, how does it evolve, and what are its observational consequences?
Creators: name: Dwek, Eli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reviews our current understanding of interstellar dust models, what constitutes a viable dust model, what observational constraints are essential for deriving such model, and the current viable dust models. Interstellar dust exhibits spatial and temporal variations, and the paper reviews the ingredients in constructing models for the evolution of dust, stressing the current uncertainties in the yield of dust from supernovae and AGB stars. Finally, the paper briefly describes the effect of dust evolution on the spectral energy distribution of galaxies, and, using a very simple criterion, present a rough estimate of the redshift when galaxies first become opaque.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures. To appear in the proceedings of: "The Spectral Energy Distribution of Gas-Rich Galaxies: Confronting Models with Data", Heidelberg, 4-8 Oct. 2004, eds. C.C. Popescu and R.J. Tuffs, AIP Conf. Ser., in press. New version includes a more accurate representation of eq. (7), an additional figure (10), two added references, and corrections for typos and style
TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES: LANGUAGE INTERFERENCE AND CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS HYPOTHESIS
Creators: name: Abarova, Dilafruz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article explores two critical concepts in foreign language teaching: language interference and the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH). Language interference occurs when a learner's native language (L1) influences their acquisition of a second language (L2), often leading to errors across phonological, grammatical, lexical, and morphological levels. The CAH, developed in the mid-20th century, provides a framework for predicting these errors by contrasting L1 and L2. While the strong version of the hypothesis claims that all errors can be predicted through contrastive analysis, the weak version allows for a more nuanced understanding that accounts for other factors in language learning. This article discusses the implications of these concepts for language teaching, highlighting how contrastive analysis can be used to improve pedagogy through error correction, curriculum design, and learner awareness. The limitations of the CAH are also addressed, emphasizing the need to integrate it with other approaches to provide a comprehensive understanding of second language acquisition..
Complex dynamics in double-diffusive convection
Creators: name: Meca, Esteban
name: Mercader, Isabel
name: Batiste, Oriol
name: Ramírez-Piscina, Laureano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of a small Prandtl number binary mixture in a laterally heated cavity is studied numerically. By combining temporal integration, steady state solving and linear stability analysis of the full PDE equations, we have been able to locate and characterize a codimension-three degenerate Takens-Bogdanov point whose unfolding describes the dynamics of the system for a certain range of Rayleigh numbers and separation ratios near S=-1.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
DA_PRISMA 2009 checklist.doc
Creators: name: Dickson Aruhomukama
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110303 Clinical Microbiology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: PRISMA_Checklist for a meta-analysis titled: Re-thinking antimicrobial resistance transmission dynamics: a meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies at referral hospitals in Uganda
Democracy and Economic Growth in China: Evidence from Cointegration and Causality Testing
Creators: name: Narayan, Paresh Kumar
name: Smyth, Russell
name: Narayan, Paresh Kumar
name: Smyth, Russell
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: China
subject: democracy
subject: economic growth

description: This article considers the relationship between democracy and economic growth in China using the Error-Correction Mechanism test for cointegration, Autoregressive Distributed Lag modelling, Granger causality and dynamic modelling via variance decomposition and impulse response analysis. Our main findings are that in the long run the lack of democracy in China has had a statistically significant negative effect on real income, while in the short run democracy has had a statistically insignificant effect on economic growth. Our results suggest that in the long run growth in capital, labour and democracy Granger cause economic growth, while in the short run there is bi-directional Granger causality between democracy and economic growth.
MONBELYARD ZOTLI SIGIRLARNING QIZLARINI TANA TUZILISHIGA BOG'LIQLIKDAGI SUT MAHSULDORLIGI
Creators: name: Erdanova, Go'zal
name: Yusupova, Kamola
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Monbelyard zotli sigirlarning qizlarining II-lakaktatsiyasida  sigirlarning eksterer tana tuzilishi tipi bo‘ycha sut-go‘sht tipiga mansub sigirlarda tengqurlari go‘sht-sut tipiga nisbatan yag‘rin balandligi 2,28%, sag‘ri balandligi 0,94 %, ko’krak ayanasi 0,58%, 3.1%-ga ortiqcha bo‘lgan bo‘lsa, ko’krak chuqurligi 1,67 %.orqa do’ng suyagi kenglini 2,62%, poycha aylanasi 3,56%-ga tengqurlari sut –go‘sht eksterer tana tuzilishi tipidan ortiqcha bo‘ldi.
Signal-Dependent Performance Analysis of Orthogonal Matching Pursuit for Exact Sparse Recovery
Creators: name: Wen, Jinming
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Yu, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Exact recovery of $K$-sparse signals $x \in \mathbb{R}^{n}$ from linear measurements $y=Ax$, where $A\in \mathbb{R}^{m\times n}$ is a sensing matrix, arises from many applications. The orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm is widely used for reconstructing $x$. A fundamental question in the performance analysis of OMP is the characterizations of the probability of exact recovery of $x$ for random matrix $A$ and the minimal $m$ to guarantee a target recovery performance. In many practical applications, in addition to sparsity, $x$ also has some additional properties. This paper shows that these properties can be used to refine the answer to the above question. In this paper, we first show that the prior information of the nonzero entries of $x$ can be used to provide an upper bound on $\|x\|_1^2/\|x\|_2^2$. Then, we use this upper bound to develop a lower bound on the probability of exact recovery of $x$ using OMP in $K$ iterations. Furthermore, we develop a lower bound on the number of measurements $m$ to guarantee that the exact recovery probability using $K$ iterations of OMP is no smaller than a given target probability. Finally, we show that when $K=O(\sqrt{\ln n})$, as both $n$ and $K$ go to infinity, for any $0
description: 16 pages, 12 figures. To appear in IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Research Funding, Experience, and Seniority in Academia
Creators: name: Nelson, Paul A.
name: Monson, Terry
name: Nelson, Paul A.
name: Monson, Terry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Human capital
subject: specific human capital
subject: professional labor markets

description: Research funding as a measure of faculty productivity has not been incorporated into previous studies of academic salary profiles. Here, we examine the effects of research funding, as well as publications, at a mid-sized, non-unionized, science and engineering-focused, American public university. Our conclusions are that research funding is more significant than publications in explaining salary differences for engineering and hard science faculty members; in contrast, only publications contribute to salary differences for faculty members in other disciplines. In addition, returns to seniority are generally nil or negative, which corroborate most other studies of this nature. Higher graduate and lower undergraduate student credit hour generation are associated with increased salaries in disciplines (in this case, engineering and the hard sciences) that have been expanding their graduate programs, but have no impact upon salaries in other disciplines.
What will anisotropies in the clustering pattern in redshifted 21 cm maps tell us?
Creators: name: Ali, Sk. Saiyad
name: Bharadwaj, Somnath
name: Pandey, Biswajit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The clustering pattern in high redshift HI maps is expected to be anisotropic due to two distinct reasons, the Alcock-Paczynski effect and the peculiar velocities, both of which are sensitive to the cosmological parameters. The signal is also expected to be sensitive to the details of the HI distribution at the epoch when the radiation originated. We use simple models for the HI distribution at the epoch of reionizaation and the post-reionization era to investigate exactly what we hope to learn from future observations of the anisotropy pattern in HI maps. We find that such observations will probably tell us more about the HI distribution than about the background cosmological model. Assuming that reionization can be described by spherical, ionized bubbles all of the same size with their centers possibly being biased with respect to the dark matter, we find that the anisotropy pattern at small angles is expected to have a bump at the characteristic angular size of the individual bubbles whereas the large scale anisotropy pattern will reflect the size and the bias of the bubbles. The anisotropy also depends on the background cosmological parameters, but the dependence is much weaker. Under the assumption that the HI in the post-reionization era traces the dark matter with a possible bias, we find that changing the bias and changing the background cosmology has similar effects on the anisotropy pattern. Combining observations of the anisotropy with independent estimates of the bias, possibly from the bi-spectrum, may allow these observations to constrain cosmological parameters.
description: Minor changes, Accepted to MNRAS
Fiscal Deficits, Inflation and Economic Growth in a Successful Open Developing Economy
Creators: name: Tan, Eu Chye
name: Tan, Eu Chye
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: deficits
subject: growth
subject: inflation

description: This paper primarily seeks to establish whether long- and short-run relationships prevail between fiscal deficits on one hand and inflation and economic growth on the other in a developing economy such as Malaysia. The Malaysian economy has gained international acclaim as one of the successfully managed. Econometric methodology involving the Johansen cointegration and Granger causality techniques and annual data spanning generally from 1966 through 2003 have been mobilized for the purpose. The empirical results suggest that fiscal deficits could have an inflationary impact on the Malaysian economy as they are being monetized though no long run relationship exists amongst fiscal deficits, money supply and the price level. Fiscal deficits also appear to have neither long- nor short-run links with income.
With Wronskian through the Looking Glass
Creators: name: Gorbounov, Vassily
name: Schechtman, Vadim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37K10, 82B23

description: In the work of Mukhin and Varchenko from 2002 there was introduced a Wronskian map from the variety of full flags in a finite dimensional vector space into a product of projective spaces. We establish a precise relationship between this map and the Plücker map. This allows us to recover the result of Varchenko and Wright saying that the polynomials appearing in the image of the Wronsky map are the initial values of the tau-functions for the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy.
Recoil corrections in the hydrogen isoelectronic sequence
Creators: name: Adkins, G. S.
name: Sapirstein, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A version of the Bethe-Salpeter equation appropriate for calculating recoil corrections in highly charged hydrogenlike ions is presented. The nucleus is treated as a scalar particle of charge Z, and the electron treated relativistically. The known recoil corrections of order $m^2/M(Zα)^4$ are derived in both this formalism and in NRQED.
Adoption of Food Safety and Quality Standards by China’s Agricultural Cooperatives: A Way out of Monitoring Production Practices of Numerous Small-scale Farmers ?
Creators: name: Zhou, Jiehong
name: Jin, Shaosheng
name: Zhou, Jiehong
name: Jin, Shaosheng
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: food safety
subject: food safety and quality standards
subject: cooperative
subject: China

description: China has experienced frequently food safety scares due to pesticide residue issues in recent years. This excessive of illegal use is often tied to numerous small-scale farmers. As it is a great challenge for Chinese government to monitor production practices of small-scale farmers directly, encouraging the adoption of food safety and quality standards by China’s agricultural cooperatives serves as an alternative approach to monitor the production practices of the small-scale farmers, and thus ensure improved quality of foods they produce. Based on the survey data from 124 vegetable cooperatives in Zhejiang Province, this study is designed to analyze the factors that affect adoption of food safety and quality standards by agricultural cooperatives in China. Our qualitative analysis suggests that cooperative size, perception and attitude toward standards, reputation, expected cost and benefit and the destination market have positive and statistically significant relationship with the cooperatives decision to adopt standards. The positive and significant effects of other factors such as innovativeness, price premium, customer attraction, and availability of support are not confirmed. Policy implications to encourage the adoption of food safety and quality standards by agricultural cooperatives are also discussed.
Natural inflation with natural number of e-foldings
Creators: name: Civiletti, Matthew
name: Delacruz, Brandon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine natural inflation without the use of the standard slow-roll approximation by considering the number of physical e-folds $\ln (a_eH_e/aH)$. We show that $\tilde{H} = aH \propto \cos(A ϕ/2)^{2/A^2} \sin(A ϕ/2)$ produces a natural inflationary scenario. This model may be solved exactly, showing that the slow-roll approximation overestimates the tensor-to-scalar ratio by about $13-19 \%$ for $n_s \approx 0.96$ and $50-60$ $e$-folds.
Quantum Computing Using Single Photons and the Zeno Effect
Creators: name: Franson, J. D.
name: Jacobs, B. C.
name: Pittman, T. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the quantum Zeno effect can be used to suppress the failure events that would otherwise occur in a linear optics approach to quantum computing. From a practical viewpoint, that would allow the implementation of deterministic logic gates without the need for ancilla photons or high-efficiency detectors. We also show that the photons can behave as if they were fermions instead of bosons in the presence of a strong Zeno effect, which leads to a new paradigm for quantum computation.
description: 34 pages, 10 figures, longer version of quant-ph/0401133
Effects of Inclusive Village Level Public Agricultural Extension Service: Policy Reform Experiment in Western China
Creators: name: Hu, Ruifa
name: Cai, Yaqing
name: Chen, Kevin Z.
name: Cui, Ynogwei
name: Huang, Jikun
name: Hu, Ruifa
name: Cai, Yaqing
name: Chen, Kevin Z.
name: Cui, Ynogwei
name: Huang, Jikun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Agricultural Extension
subject: Farmers’ Technology Needs
subject: An Accountability System

description: The top down public agricultural extension system in China and its early reforms during the 1990’s has left millions of farmers without access to extension services. An inclusive agricultural extension system was introduced in 2005 to better meet the diverse technology needs of small farmers. Three key features of the experiment are 1) inclusion of all farmers as target beneficiaries, 2) effective identification of farmers’ technology needs, and 3) establishment of an accountability system to provide better agricultural advisory services to small farmers. This paper describes design of the reform initiative and examines its effect on small farmers’ access to extension services. Based on the data randomly collected from 950 farmers in six counties from 2005-2007, the paper shows that the inclusive reform initiative significantly improving small farmers’ access to agricultural extension services. The implications for further reforms to the agricultural extension system are then discussed.
Breaking of B-L in superstring inspired E6 model
Creators: name: Kartavtsev, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of the superstring inspired E6 model, low-energy extensions of the standard model compatible with leptogenesis are considered and masses of right-handed neutrinos in two scenarios allowed by long-lived protons are discussed. The presence of two additional generations allows breaking of B-L without generating nonzero vacuum expectation values of right-handed sneutrinos of the three known generations. After the symmetry breaking, right-handed neutrinos acquire Majorana masses of order of 10^11 GeV. Within the framework of a simple discrete symmetry, assumptions made to provide a large mass of right-handed neutrinos are shown to be self-consistent. Supersymmetric structure of the theory ensures that large corrections, associated with the presence of a (super)heavy gauge field, cancel out.
description: 18 pages, 6 tables, axodraw used
Suppression of Dwarf Galaxy Formation by Cosmic Shocks
Creators: name: Sigward, Filippo
name: Ferrara, Andrea
name: Scannapieco, Evan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out a numerical study of the effects of supernova-driven shocks on galaxy formation at z=9. These "cosmic explosions" can have a significant impact on galaxies forming nearby. We study such interactions in two key cases. In the first case in which the forming galaxy has already virialized, the impinging shock has only a small effect (< 1% of the gas is removed) and star formation continues relatively unimpeded. However, in the second case in which the nearby forming galaxy is at the more diffuse turn-around stage, a large fraction (~70%) of the gas is stripped away from the host dark-matter halo and ejected into the intergalactic medium. As the time spent near turn-around is much longer than the interval from virialization to galaxy formation due to strong radiative losses, we expect the second case to be more representative of the majority of outflow-galaxy interactions. Thus SN-driven pregalactic outflows may be an efficient mechanism for inhibiting the formation of neighbouring galaxies at high redshift. We briefly outline the possible cosmological consequences of this effect.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Heat or Eat?: An empirical analysis of U.K. cold weather income support
Creators: name: Beatty, Timothy K.M.
name: Blow, Laura
name: Crossley, Thomas
name: Beatty, Timothy K.M.
name: Blow, Laura
name: Crossley, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Deprivation
subject: Food Expenditure
subject: Heat or Eat

description: We investigate whether households trade off spending on food and spending on heating. We use a large sample of households from the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland over the period 1974-2007. We find evidence that low-income households reduce food expenditure during periods of colder than average weather. In contrast, wealthier households increase spending on food during colder than average weather. Further we investigate the efficacy of the Winter Fuel Payment, a social program designed to mitigate the effects of energy costs.
description: Paper removed by author 10/14/10. An updated version will be posted soon.
A Holographic Static Transverse Polarization At Non-zero Temperatures
Creators: name: Yin, Lei
name: Gao, Jialin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analytical structure of a static transverse component of polarization tensor in complex momentum plane is numerically studied, which is holographically determined by a Einstein-Maxwell theory in asymptotically $D=3+1$ dimensional Anti-de Sitter spacetime. This strongly-coupled transverse polarization shows a pair of conjugate simple poles on the imaginary-axis at low temperature, which is different with the longitudinal component of the corresponding polarization and the counterpart in its weakly-coupled version.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Commodity prices, structural constraints and food price shocks in Tanzania
Creators: name: Conforti, Piero
name: Sarris, Alexander H.
name: Conforti, Piero
name: Sarris, Alexander H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Food price soar
subject: General equilibrium policy analysis
subject: Tanzania
subject: Structural constraints

description: This paper explores the impact of the recent soar in world commodity prices on economic activity and household welfare in Tanzania, and the possible policy responses to that shock. The analysis is based on a single country computable general equilibrium model that includes considerable factor market and household details, as well as marketing margins between producers, consumers and foreign markets. Results indicate that the Tanzanian economy may fail to benefit from the opportunities arising from the increase in world agricultural prices, as this would imply a considerable reduction in most production activities, but the few that are directly export oriented. Policies can counteract only to a limited extent these negative impacts. Tariff and domestic tax reductions show some desirable results, albeit small in size, while export taxes further depress the domestic economy. Injections of foreign resources fail to stimulate domestic production. Structural bottlenecks deeply affect the results: a reduction of the high marketing margins would improve the ability of the economy to adapt to any change in world prices.
Cairo Evaluation Clinic: Thoughts on Randomized Trials for Evaluation of Development
Creators: name: Karlan, Dean S.
name: Karlan, Dean S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Public Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: program evaluation
subject: randomized control trial

description: We were asked to discuss specific methodological approaches to evaluating three hypothetical interventions. This article uses this forum to discuss three misperceptions about randomized trials. First, nobody argues that randomized trials are appropriate in all settings, and for all questions. Everyone agrees that asking the right question is the highest priority. Second, the decision about what to measure and how to measure it, i.e., through qualitative or participatory methods versus quantitative survey or administrative data methods, is independent of the decision about whether to conduct a randomized trial. Third, randomized trials can be used to evaluate complex and dynamic processes, not just simple and static interventions. Evaluators should aim to answer the most important questions for future decisions, and to do so as reliably as possible. Reliability is improved with randomized trials, when feasible, and with attention to underlying theory and tests of why interventions work or fail so that lessons can be transferred as best as possible to other settings.
An evaluation of the anti-proliferative effects of ESSIAC on in vitro and in vivo models of Prostate Cancer
Creators: name: Eberding, Andy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer in men of western nations. Major research advancements in prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment have been made over the past several decades. Unfortunately, there are no curative treatment options available for late stages of prostate cancer. Often patients with these disease states turn to alternative medicines. ESSIAC® is one of these treatments. ESSIAC® is an extract of a blend of Burdock root, Indian Rhubarb root, Slippery Elm bark and Sheep Sorrel. The intention of this study is to provide objective preclinical evidence of ESSIAC's ability to exert an anti-proliferative effect on both in vitro and in vivo prostate cancer cells and the tumors they generate. Methods: An HPLC method was developed and employed to ensure that successive commercial lots and escalating concentrations of ESSIAC® were similar in content based on the peak area produced. The extract was tested in cell culture by means of both a crystal violet cytotoxicity assay and a cell cycle analysis. The acute toxicity of the extract on healthy athymic nude mice was tested, as well as ESSIAC®'s efficacy in inhibiting subcutaneous PC-3 tumor growth. The treated tumors were analyzed for the expression levels of both Ki-67 and PCNA. Results: The HPLC analysis indicated that the within-lot variation of the extract was small with <2% RSD for most of the analyzed peaks. The between-lot variation, despite being large when considered on an absolute scale, was small when the peak areas were considered relative to the total respective peak area. No cytotoxicity was recorded with 48 hr ESSIAC® treatments. Similar results were obtained from a cell cycle analysis. Using body weight as an indicator, no toxicity was observed in the athymic nude mice using doses ranging up to 240 mg/kg QD, over 28 days. The orally dosed ESSIAC® treatment groups did not differ significantly from controls during a 28 day efficacy study. Analysis of proliferation marker expression levels confirmed the results of the efficacy study. The preclinical evaluations performed in this study suggest ESSIAC® aqueous extract has no marked anti-proliferative action on the prostate cancer models tested.
Radiation back reaction on moving branes
Creators: name: Moss, Ian G.
name: Norman, James P
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper addresses the radiation back reaction problem for cosmological branes. A general framework is provided in which results are given for the radiation reaction with massles and massive scalar fields with flat extra dimensions and massless conformal fields in anti-de Sitter extra dimensions. For massless scalar field radiation the back reaction terms in the equation of motion are non-analytic. The interpretation of the radiation reaction terms is discussed and the equations of motion solved in simple cases. Nucleosynthesis bounds on dark radiation give a lower bound on the string vacuum energy scale of $\sqrt{A_T} m_p$, where $A_T$ is the tensor perturbation amplitude in the cosmic microwave background.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, ReVTeX
A Model for Nonexponential Relaxation and Aging in Dissipative Systems
Creators: name: Perez-Madrid, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonexponential relaxation and aging inherent to complex dynamics manifested in a wide variety of dissipative systems is analyzed through a model of diffusion in phase space in the presence of a nonconservative force. The action of this force establishes a heat flow which maintains the system away from equilibrium. The inability of the system to find its equilibrium state becomes apparent through the presence of an effective temperature field. This is the temperature of the stationary nonequilibrium state reached by the system satisfying a generalyzed version of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The presence of a nonequilibrium temperature leads to a hierarchy of relaxation times responsible for the aging phenomena and to a relation similar to the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann law.
A Global Model for Agriculture and Bioenergy: Application to Biofuel and Food Security in Peru and Tanzania
Creators: name: Elbehri, Aziz
name: McDougall, Robert
name: Horridge, Mark
name: Elbehri, Aziz
name: McDougall, Robert
name: Horridge, Mark
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Biofuels
subject: Renewable Energy
subject: Biomass
subject: Agricultural Markets
subject: Computable General Equilibrium (CGE)

description: This paper describes a global model for agriculture and bioenergy (GLOMAB) that incorporates biomass, biofuels and bioelectricity sectors into the GTAP-Energy model by expanding the global GTAP database, production and consumption structures. Biofuels are separated between first- generation (sugar ethanol, starch ethanol) and second- generation (cellulosic ethanol) biofuels and associated biomass feedstocks (maize, sugar cane, crop residues, woody biomass). Beside biofuels, the model also incorporates bioelectricity (as separate form conventional electricity) which competes for the same biomass feedstocks with cellulosic ethanol sector (agricultural residues, woody biomass). With this broad-based representation of the bioenergy system likely to prevail over the medium term (2010-2020), the model offers a useful framework for analyzing the growing influence of biofuels on agricultural markets, the implications biofuel subsidies and tariffs on trade in biofuels and biomass, and a comparative analysis of alternative policies to mitigate role of GHG emissions (mandates versus carbon taxes). In this paper, we apply the model to an analysis of biofuels and food security for two developing countries – Peru and Tanzania, and examine the implications on food security. Preliminary results for Tanzania show that the implications of ethanol expansion depend on the feedstock used with Cassava-ethanol draws more additional labor and land then sugar-cane based ethanol. Moreover, greater productivity of feedstocks can alleviate the pressure on new lands required to meet new biofuel needs. While sugar cane ethanol may be more efficient in terms of resource use compared to biodiesel, the latter may have better opportunities for food security in terms of labor employment. However, suggestions for further research are suggested including expanding the CGE analysis to include micro-simulations where the implications for food security are assessed for specific household types.
Flux-corrected transport for scalar hyperbolic conservation laws and convection-diffusion equations by using linear programming
Creators: name: Kivva, Sergii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M06 65M08

description: Flux-corrected transport (FCT) is one of the flux limiter methods. Unlike the total variation diminishing methods, obtaining the known FCT formulas for computing flux limiters is not quite transparent, and their transformation is not obvious when the original differential operator changes. We propose a novel formal mathematical approach to design flux correction for weighted hybrid difference schemes by using linear programming. The hybrid scheme is a linear combination of a monotone scheme and a high order scheme. The determination of maximal antidiffusive fluxes is treated as an optimization problem with a linear objective function. To obtain constraints for the optimization problem, inequalities that are valid for the monotone difference scheme are applied to the hybrid difference scheme. The numerical solution of the nonlinear optimization problem is reduced to the iterative solution of linear programming problems. A nontrivial approximate solution of the corresponding linear programming problem can be treated as the required flux limiters. We present flux correction formulas for scalar hyperbolic conservation laws and convection-diffusion equations. The designed flux-corrected transport for scalar hyperbolic conservation laws yields entropy solutions. Numerical results are presented.
Algebraic approach to solve $t\bar{t}$ dilepton equations
Creators: name: Sonnenschein, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The set of non-linear equations describing the Standard Model kinematics of the top quark antiqark production system in the dilepton decay channel has at most a four-fold ambiguity due to two not fully reconstructed neutrinos. Its most precise solution is of major importance for measurements of top quark properties like the top quark mass and $t\bar{t}$ spin correlations. Simple algebraic operations allow to transform the non-linear equations into a system of two polynomial equations with two unknowns. These two polynomials of multidegree eight can in turn be analytically reduced to one polynomial with one unknown by means of resultants. The obtained univariate polynomial is of degree sixteen. The number of its real solutions is determined analytically by means of Sturm's theorem, which is as well used to isolate each real solution into a unique pairwise disjoint interval. The solutions are polished by seeking the sign change of the polynomial in a given interval through binary bracketing.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, added neutrino and anti-neutrino masses in system of equations. This can be exploited in search for new physics with the same decay topology including invisible massive particles
The Relationship Between Poverty, Inequality, and Growth in the Rural Ethiopia: Micro Evidence
Creators: name: Gelaw, Fekadu
name: Gelaw, Fekadu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
International Development

description: This paper attempted to analyses the dynamic relationship between the three development objectives: inequality, growth and poverty. Given the vast majority of the population (about 85 percent) is living in the rural area and poverty being higher in rural than in urban Ethiopia, the Government’s focus on rural development can be acceptable if the country is to achieve its poverty reduction targets in near future. Contrary to this, the result of study shows that there has been no promising reduction in poverty in the past. The study used five rounds data collected from 18 rural villages through Ethiopian Rural Household Survey. FTG poverty measures, Gini index and General Entropy classes of inequality measures were calculated. Fixed Effect estimation was made based on 90 observations of indices obtained through decomposition. The estimation results show that a one percent growth would have reduced poverty gap by 3.25 percent, if part of it was not offset by higher inequality resulting a net effects of only 0.6 percent reduction in poverty gap. Growth in the past in the rural Ethiopia was not pro-poor implying that appropriate policy measures need to be taken to reduce the existing inequality.