cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A new species of Bidens (Asteraceae: Heliantheae) from Starbuck Island provides evidence for a second colonization of Pacific Islands by the genus
Creators: name: Sayre, Cynthia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: An unknown Bidens was recently discovered on Starbuck Island, a small, remote coral atoll in the South Pacific and one of the least visited islands in the world. I determined the identity and evolutionary origin of this Bidens using both morphological analyses and phylogenetic relationships in Bidens (Asteraceae; Heliantheae) and Coreopsis (Asteraceae; Heliantheae) using variation in nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. The ITS analyses include all species of Bidens sequenced to date, including five from this study and sequences from Ganders et al. (2000) and a selection of Coreopsis sequences from Kim et al. (1999). Using morphological and molecular data 1 tested the following hypotheses: (1) Starbuck Island Bidens is an endemic species that evolved from a second colonization of Pacific Islands that has not led to further speciation or adaptive radiation, independent of the colonization that radiated in the Hawaiian Islands and French Polynesia; (2) Starbuck Island Bidens is B. aurea or B. serrulata; (3) Starbuck Island Bidens recently evolved from either B. aurea or B. serrulata. Based on ITS sequences, B. aurea and B. serrulata are rejected as being the same as or even closely related to Starbuck Island Bidens. Surprisingly, Bidens cynapiifolia, a weedy species that occurs from Mexico to Brazil and is widely introduced elsewhere, appears as a very close sister species to Starbuck Island Bidens. However, the two taxa are distinct morphologically. Starbuck Island Bidens is described as a new species, endemic to Starbuck Island. Also revealed in the ITS phylogeny are new sectional and generic relationships. Two species of Cosmos (Asteraceae; Heliantheae), originally included as outgroup species, appear nested within Coreopsis and are most closely related to section Pseudoagarista from Mexico. Bidens mitis (section Meduseae) is nested within section Bidens, indicating that there is no support for the recognition of section Meduseae. Bidens section Psilocarpaea remains polyphyletic, now composed of four distinct clades. Both Bidens laevis (section Bidens) and Bidens squarrosa (section Greenmania) cluster with the other species in their respective sections. My data indicate that section Greenmania is monophyletic and section Bidens is monophyletic if section Meduseae is included in it. It is now known that one of the South Pacific Bidens species, Starbuck Island Bidens, is not closely related to the Hawaiian and Marquesan species of Bidens. To fully understand the evolutionary relationships among indigenous Pacific island Bidens a complete ITS phylogeny should be constructed that includes the remaining South Pacific Bidens species not yet sequenced.
Provincial Trade Patterns
Creators: name: Page, Marjorie L.
name: Page, Marjorie L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Agribusiness
International Relations/Trade

description: In 1990 inter-provincial and international exports were about equal. By 1996, however, Canadian companies were exporting about $2 in goods and services to foreign countries for every $1 they exported between provinces. In 1990, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Manitoba and Alberta exported more to their provincial counterparts than to international markets. By 1996, all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and Manitoba exported more internationally than they did interprovincially. Inter-provincial trade patterns varied by province, but only modest changes occurred between 1990 and 1996. The effects of the Agreement on Internal Trade (1995) were yet to be seen. The interdependence of Ontario and Quebec was apparent.
Return of the prodigal son: morphology and molecular phylogenetic relationships of a new Antarctic fish leech (Hirudinea: Piscicolidae) imply a bipolar biogeographic pattern
Creators: name: Utevsky, Andriy
name: Utevsky, Serge
name: Cichocka, Joanna M.
name: Bielecki, Aleksander
name: Santoro, Mario
name: Trontelj, Peter
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: The bipolar distribution of fish leeches (Piscicolidae) has been considered and discussed by leech biologists for a long time. All cases of putative bipolar ranges of related taxa that occur in cold and temperate waters of both hemispheres and are absent in the tropics have been morphology-based hypotheses. Here, we present, for the first time, an instance of bipolar distribution substantiated by morphological and molecular data. The latter include the mitochondrial genes 12S rRNA, COI, ND1 and tRNA Leu, and the nuclear 28S rRNA. A new genus and species of Antarctic piscicolids, Austroplatybdellina prodiga, is described. The new leech was part of a Boreal-Arctic monophyletic group that is informally called ‘classic platybdellins’. That clade is the core of the non-monophyletic subfamily Platybdellinae. Austroplatybdellina prodiga gen. nov. sp. nov. was further classified as a member of a monophyletic group along with two Boreal genera, Crangonobdella and Beringobdella, which share a number of systematically important morphological features with its newly described relative. It is hypothesized that the Boreal ancestor of the new leech crossed warm tropical waters and colonized the Antarctic. The colonization was relatively recent as the low genetic distance between A. prodiga and its Boreal sister species suggests. This migration can be viewed as a return of a Boreal descendant of the Antarctic ancestor of Piscicolidae to the area of origin of the entire family, which follows from the basal position of the Antarctic Megaliobdella szidati in the family phylogenetic tree. This evolutionary scenario is reflected in the species epithet of the new leech. https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DA548F19-922A-4B5D-B7F1-4C3AF57B9824 https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A35C365A-A475-4F3E-B28B-C799F618215D https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BCE6411F-E38A-4A99-A726-DE5C33D9D658
Curci-Ferrari mass and the Neuberger problem
Creators: name: Kalloniatis, A. C.
name: von Smekal, L.
name: Williams, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the massive Curci-Ferrari model as a starting point for defining BRST quantisation for Yang-Mills theory on the lattice. In particular, we elucidate this proposal in light of topological approaches to gauge-fixing and study the case of a simple one-link Abelian model.
description: 10 pages, uses elsart.cls style file. Eq.(18) corrected for final publication
Cross-Correlated Attention Networks for Person Re-Identification
Creators: name: Zhou, Jieming
name: Roy, Soumava Kumar
name: Fang, Pengfei
name: Harandi, Mehrtash
name: Petersson, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep neural networks need to make robust inference in the presence of occlusion, background clutter, pose and viewpoint variations -- to name a few -- when the task of person re-identification is considered. Attention mechanisms have recently proven to be successful in handling the aforementioned challenges to some degree. However previous designs fail to capture inherent inter-dependencies between the attended features; leading to restricted interactions between the attention blocks. In this paper, we propose a new attention module called Cross-Correlated Attention (CCA); which aims to overcome such limitations by maximizing the information gain between different attended regions. Moreover, we also propose a novel deep network that makes use of different attention mechanisms to learn robust and discriminative representations of person images. The resulting model is called the Cross-Correlated Attention Network (CCAN). Extensive experiments demonstrate that the CCAN comfortably outperforms current state-of-the-art algorithms by a tangible margin.
description: Accepted by Image and Vision Computing
Time-Dependent CP-Violating Asymmetries in b -> s qbar q Transitions
Creators: name: The Belle Collaboration
name: Chen, K. -F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new measurements of CP-violation parameters in B0 -> phiK0, K+K-Ks, f0(980)Ks, eta'Ks, omegaKs and Kspi0 decays based on a sample of 275 x 10^6 BBbar pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB energy-asymmetric e+e- collider. One neutral B meson is fully reconstructed in one of the specified decay channels, and the flavor of the accompanying B meson is identified from its decay products. CP-violation parameters for each of the decay modes are obtained from the asymmetries in the distributions of the proper-time intervals between the two B decays. The combined result for the B0->phiK0, K+K-Ks, f0(980)Ks, eta'Ks, omegaKs, Kspi0, and previously reported KsKsKs decays differs from the SM expectation by 2.4 standard deviations.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Zitterbewegung-mediated RKKY coupling in topological insulator thin films
Creators: name: Ho, Cong Son
name: Siu, Zhuo Bin
name: Tan, Seng Ghee
name: Jalil, Mansoor B. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of itinerant electrons in topological insulator (TI) thin films is investigated using a multi-band decomposition approach. We show that the electron trajectory in the 2D film is anisotropic and confined within a characteristic region. Remarkably, the confinement and anisotropy of the electron trajectory are associated with the topological phase transition of the TI system, which can be controlled by tuning the film thickness and/or applying an in-plane magnetic field. Moreover, persistent electron wavepacket oscillation can be achieved in the TI thin film system at the phase transition point, which may assist in the experimental detection of the jitter motion (Zitterbewegung). The implications of the microscopic picture of electron motion in explaining other transport-related effects, e.g., electron-mediated RKKY coupling in the TI thin film system, are also discussed.
title: „Zurueckgeworfen in die unuebersehbare Weite des Meeres“ – Der Reisebericht des Fritz Buff von Bord der ST. LOUIS, Mai und Juni 1939
Creators: name: Loeber, Matthias
Publisher: name: Institut für die Geschichte der deutschen Juden
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Migration
subject: Judenfeindschaft und Verfolgung

description: Am 13.5.1939 verließ der HAPAG-Dampfer ST. LOUIS den Hamburger Hafen mit dem Ziel Havanna (Kuba). An Bord befand sich der 17-jährige Fritz Buff (1921-2017). Ohne Angehörige hatte er die Reise angetreten. Seine Erlebnisse fasste er in einem elfseitigen Reisebericht zusammen. Das Schriftstück gliedert sich in drei Teile, welche die Fahrt von Hamburg nach Havanna, das Ausharren im kubanischen Hafen und das Umherirren auf dem Atlantik bis zur Landung im belgischen Antwerpen beschreiben. Buff zeichnete das Geschehen unmittelbar vor Ort auf. Dabei gab er seine eigene Gefühlswelt ebenso wieder, wie die Stimmung an Bord und die politischen Verhandlungen zur Landung des Schiffes. Eine spätere Abschrift weicht nur in Orthografie und vereinzelten Wortänderungen vom Original ab. Der hier editierte dritte Abschnitt des Reiseberichts dokumentiert die Geschehnisse, nachdem das Schiff zum Verlassen des kubanischen Hafens gezwungen war, das Ausharren auf See und die einstweilige Rettung der Passagiere in Antwerpen. Zusammen mit Fritz Buff waren weitere 936 Personen, die meisten von ihnen Jüdinnen und Juden aus Deutschland, auf der ST. LOUIS. Als das Schiff am 27. Mai den Inselstaat in der Karibik erreichte, verweigerte die kubanische Regierung die Einreise. Nach ergebnislosen Verhandlungen musste es am 2. Juni den Hafen verlassen. Die ST. LOUIS kreuzte tagelang auf dem Atlantik. Kapitän Gustav Schröder verzögerte die Rückfahrt nach Europa, jüdische Hilfsorganisationen bemühten sich um eine Lösung, bis Großbritannien, die Niederlande, Belgien und Frankreich sich bereit erklärten, die Passagiere aufzunehmen.
Correlated spectral and temporal changes in 3C 390.3: a new link between AGN and Galactic Black Hole Binaries?
Creators: name: Gliozzi, M.
name: Papadakis, I. E.
name: Raeth, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work presents the results from a systematic search for evidence of temporal changes (i.e., non-stationarity) associated with spectral variations in 3C 390.3, using data from a two-year intensive RXTE monitoring campaign of this broad-line radio galaxy. In order to exploit the potential information contained in a time series more efficiently, we adopt a multi-technique approach, making use of linear and non-linear techniques. All the methods show suggestive evidences for non-stationarity in the temporal properties of 3C 390.3 between 1999 and 2000, in the sense that the characteristic time-scale of variability decreases as the energy spectrum of the source softens. However, only the non-linear, "scaling index method" is able to show conclusively that the temporal characteristics of the source do vary, although the physical interpretation of this result is not clear at the moment. Our results indicate that the variability properties of 3C 390.3 may vary with time, in the same way as they do in Galactic black holes in the hard state, strengthening the analogy between the X-ray variability properties of the two types of object. This is the first time that such a behavior is detected in an AGN X-ray light curve. Further work is needed in order to investigate whether this is a common behavior in AGN, just like in the Galactic binaries, or not.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
A WELFARE ANALYSIS OF PORT USER FEES: THE CASE OF GRAIN AND SOYEAN EXPORTS
Creators: name: Peterson, E. Wesley F.
name: Viscencio-Brambila, Hector
name: Fuller, Stephen W.
name: Peterson, E. Wesley F.
name: Viscencio-Brambila, Hector
name: Fuller, Stephen W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: User fees have become a popular means of financing public services, including certain transportation facilities. The Water Resources Development Act of 1986 includes provisions for user fees to finance part of the costs of operations, maintenance, and new construction of the U.S. port system. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the welfare implications of this legislation. An analytical model is developed and used to estimate the impact of port user fees on grain and oilseed producers, consumers, and the government. The results of the analysis indicate that the user fee has a relatively small effect on producer welfare and that the efficiency gains resulting from the replacement of the government subsidy for port operations, maintenance, and new construction with a user fee are negligible.
The Mass-Size Relation and the Constancy of GMC Surface Densities in the Milky Way
Creators: name: Lada, C. J.
name: Dame, T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use two existing molecular cloud catalogs derived from the same CO survey and two catalogs derived from local dust extinction surveys to investigate the nature of the GMC mass-size relation in the Galaxy. We find that the four surveys are well described by $M_{GMC} \sim R^2$ implying a constant mean surface density, $Σ_{GMC}$, for the cataloged clouds. However, the scaling coefficients and scatter differ significantly between the CO and extinction derived relations. We find that the additional scatter seen in the CO relations is due to a systematic variation in $Σ_{GMC}$ with Galactic radius that is unobservable in the local extinction data. We decompose this radial variation of $Σ_{GMC}$ into two components, a linear negative gradient with Galactic radius and a broad peak coincident with the molecular ring and superposed on the linear gradient. We show that the former may be due to a radial dependence of X$_{CO}$ on metallicity while the latter likely results from a combination of increased surface densities of individual GMCs and a systematic upward bias in the measurements of $Σ_{GMC}$ due to cloud blending in the molecular ring. We attribute the difference in scaling coefficients between the CO and extinction data to an underestimate of X$_{CO}$. We recalibrate the CO observations of nearby GMCs using extinction measurements to find that locally X$_{CO}$ $=$ 3.6$\pm$0.3 $\times$ 10$^{20}$ cm$^{-2}$ (K-km/s)$^{-1}$. We conclude that outside the molecular ring the GMC population of the Galaxy can be described to relatively good precision by a constant $Σ_{GMC}$ of 35 M$_\odot$ pc$^{-2}$.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in the ApJ, corrected typos in earlier version
Noch einmal zum frühen Auftreten der Christen in Nubien
Creators: name: Scholz, Piotr O.
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 94 (2010): Oriens christianus, Band 94
Uncertainty relations based on Wigner-Yanase skew information
Creators: name: Huang, Xiaofen
name: Zhang, Tinggui
name: Jing, Naihuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we use certain norm inequalities to obtain new uncertain relations based on the Wigner-Yanase skew information. First for an arbitrary finite number of observables we derive an uncertainty relation outperforming previous lower bounds. We then propose new weighted uncertainty relations for two noncompatible observables. Two separable criteria via skew information are also obtained.
description: 11pages
TOWARD AN APPRAISAL OF THE FMHA FARM CREDIT PROGRAM: A CASE STUDY OF THE EFFICIENCY OF BORROWERS IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS
Creators: name: Mehdian, Seyed
name: Herr, William McDaniel
name: Eberle, Phillip R.
name: Grabowski, Richard
name: Mehdian, Seyed
name: Herr, William McDaniel
name: Eberle, Phillip R.
name: Grabowski, Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: A production frontier methodology is used to measure the overall efficiency of a sample of farms obtaining credit from the Farmers Home Administration (FmHA) compared to nonparticipants. The study did not find evidence that the efficiency of FmHA farms improved between 1981 and 1984. Results indicate that the overall efficiency of FmHA borrowers is associated with selected financial characteristics of the farms.
title: “Swept back into the unseen vastness of the sea” - Fritz Buff’s account of his voyage aboard the ST. LOUIS, May and June 1939
Creators: name: Loeber, Matthias
Publisher: name: Institute for the History of the German Jews
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Migration
subject: Antisemitism and Persecution

description: On May 13, 1939, the HAPAG liner ST. LOUIS left the port of Hamburg with the destination Havana (Cuba). On board was 17-year-old Fritz Buff (1921-2017). He had embarked on the voyage without any relatives and summarized his experiences in an eleven-page travel report. The document is divided into three parts, which describe his journey from Hamburg to Havana, being in limbo in the Cuban port and cruising the Atlantic until finally docking in Antwerp, Belgium. Buff recorded the events immediately on the spot. In doing so, he reflected his own emotional world as well as the mood on board and the political negotiations to obtain a landing permit for the ship. A later copy differs from the original only in spelling and some word changes. The third section of the report presented here documents the events after the ship was forced to leave the Cuban port, the passengers’ holding out at sea and their temporary rescue in Antwerp. Together with Fritz Buff, another 936 people, most of them Jews from Germany, were on the ST. LOUIS. When the ship reached the island state in the Caribbean on May 27, the Cuban government denied them entry. After fruitless negotiations, it had to leave port on June 2. The ST. LOUIS cruised the Atlantic for days. Captain Gustav Schröder delayed the return trip to Europe, and Jewish aid organizations tried to find a solution until Great Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium and France agreed to take in the passengers.
Distributions of the Baryon Fraction on Large Scales in the Universe
Creators: name: He, Ping
name: Feng, Long-Long
name: Fang, Li-Zhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) The nonlinear evolution of a system consisting of baryons and dark matter is generally characterized by strong shocks and discontinuities. The baryons slow down significantly at postshock areas of gravitational strong shocks, which can occur in high overdense as well as low overdense regions. Consequently, the baryon fraction would be nonuniform on large scales. We studied these phenomena with simulation samples produced by the WENO hybrid cosmological hydrodynamic/N-body code. We find that the baryon fraction in high mass density regions is lower on average than the cosmic baryon fraction, and many baryons accumulate in the regions with moderate mass density to form a high baryon fraction phase (HBFP). In dense regions with rho>100, which are the possible hosts for galaxy clusters, the baryon fraction can be lower than the cosmic baryon fraction by about 10%--20% at z ~ 0. Our simulation samples show that about 3% of the cosmic baryon budget was hidden in the HBFP at redshift z=3, while this percentage increases to about 14% at the present day. The gas in the HBFP cannot be detected either by Ly-alpha forests of QSO absorption spectra or by soft X-ray background. That is, the HBFP would be missed in the baryon budget given by current observations.
description: To appear in ApJ, final version
Dipolar radiation from spinning dust grains coupled to an electromagnetic wave
Creators: name: Guerreiro, A.
name: Eloy, M.
name: Mendonca, J. T.
name: Bingham, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we investigate how the complex rotation and quivering motion of an elongated polarized dust grain in the presence of a monochromatic electromagnetic wave can originate dipolar emission with two distinct spectral components. We present a model for the emission of radiation by elongated polarized dust grains under the influence of both an external electromagnetic wave and a constant background magnetic field. The dust, exhibiting rotational motion at the external electromagnetic field frequency w0 as well as quivering motion at frequency W0, proportional to the em field amplitude, will radiate with frequencies that will depend on the external field wavelength and amplitude. The radiated spectra exibits a frequency around w0, and sidebands at w0+-W0 and w0+-2W0. Since the amplitude and the frequency of the background electromagnetic field are independent parameters, this model establishes a correlation between different spectral components of galactic dipolar emission, which may help to explain the correlation between a component of the Galactic microwave emission and the 100micons thermal emission from interstellar dust, that has been recently measured.
Quantum nucleation of up-down quark matter and astrophysical implications
Creators: name: Ren, Jing
name: Zhang, Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quark matter with only $u$ and $d$ quarks ($ud$QM) might be the ground state of baryonic matter at large baryon number $A>A_{\rm min}$. With $A_{\rm min}\gtrsim 300$, this has no direct conflict with the stability of ordinary nuclei. An intriguing test of this scenario is to look for quantum nucleation of $ud$QM inside neutron stars due to their large baryon densities. In this paper, we study the transition rate of cold neutron stars to $ud$ quark stars ($ud$QSs) and the astrophysical implications, considering the relevant theoretical uncertainties and observational constraints. It turns out that a large portion of parameter space predicts an instantaneous transition, and so the observed neutron stars are mostly $ud$QSs. We find this possibility still viable under the recent gravitational wave and pulsar observations, although there are debates on its compatibility with some observations that involve complicated structure of quark matter. The tension could be partially relieved in the two-families scenario, where the high-mass stars ($M\gtrsim2 M_{\odot}$) are all $ud$QSs and the low-mass ones ($M\sim1.4\, M_{\odot}$) are mostly hadronic stars. In this case, the slow transition of the low-mass hadronic stars points to a very specific class of hadronic models with moderately stiff EOSs, and $ud$QM properties are also strongly constrained.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures
OVERVIEW OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Creators: name: Elham Yahya Baamer, Abdulaziz Mohammed F. Zaghwn, Khleel Adnan K. Alowyed, Einas Osman Abd Alla Osman, Wed Ziyad Alnajjar, Faraaz Adil Sanai,  Hawra Mohamed Rabeea, Abdulla Faheem Abdulrahim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a complex disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, leading to irreversible lung damage, systemic complications, and a significant global health burden. Effective diagnosis, management, and adherence to treatment guidelines are essential to alleviate the burden on patients and improve outcomes.

Aim: The present study aims to review the update on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Methods: Comprehensive research of COPD. PUBMED and Google Scholar search engines were the databases used for the search process, and articles were collected from 2013 to 2023. The terms used in the search were COPD, risk factors, Pathophysiology, Manifestations, Diagnosis, treatment, and Exacerbation.

Conclusion: COPD is a prevalent and progressive lung condition characterized by irreversible airflow obstruction, inflammation, and damage to lung tissue. The main subtypes are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. COPD is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, with cigarette smoke being a primary risk factor. It is associated with systemic inflammation and comorbidities like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and muscle weakness. Viral infections, particularly influenza A viruses, can trigger acute exacerbations. The pathophysiology involves oxidative stress, altered immune response, and inflammation, leading to chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and small airway disease. Diagnosis includes spirometry, pulmonary function tests, and clinical factors, with various laboratory and imaging tools aiding in confirmation. Treatment strategies encompass pulmonary rehabilitation, pharmacologic therapies (bronchodilators, corticosteroids), surgical interventions, and oxygen therapy. Vaccinations are recommended, and careful management of exacerbations involves oxygen therapy, inhaled antibiotics, and corticosteroids. Smoking cessation is crucial, and newer therapies like stem cell-based treatments show promise.

Keywords: COPD, risk factors, Pathophysiology, Manifestations, Diagnosis, treatment, Exacerbation.
Spin-charge separation in cold Fermi-gases: a real time analysis
Creators: name: Kollath, C.
name: Schollwoeck, U.
name: Zwerger, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the adaptive time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group method for the 1D Hubbard model, the splitting of local perturbations into separate wave packets carrying charge and spin is observed in real-time. We show the robustness of this separation beyond the low-energy Luttinger liquid theory by studying the time-evolution of single particle excitations and density wave packets. A striking signature of spin-charge separation is found in 1D cold Fermi gases in a harmonic trap at the boundary between liquid and Mott-insulating phases. We give quantitative estimates for an experimental observation of spin-charge separation in an array of atomic wires.
Simulating Star Formation and Feedback in Galactic Disk Models
Creators: name: Tasker, Elizabeth J.
name: Bryan, Greg L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a high-resolution grid-based hydrodynamics method to simulate the multi-phase interstellar medium in a Milky Way-size quiescent disk galaxy. The models are global and three-dimensional, and include a treatment of star formation and feedback. We examine the formation of gravitational instabilities and show that a form of the Toomre instability criterion can successfully predict where star formation will occur. Two common prescriptions for star formation are investigated. The first is based on cosmological simulations and has a relatively low threshold for star formation, but also enforces a comparatively low efficiency. The second only permits star formation above a number density of 1000 cm^-3 but adopts a high efficiency. We show that both methods can reproduce the observed slope of the relationship between star formation and gas surface density (although at too high a rate for our adopted parameters). A run which includes feedback from type II supernovae is successful at driving gas out of the plane, most of which falls back onto the disk. This feedback also substantially reduces the star formation rate. Finally, we examine the density and pressure distribution of the ISM, and show that there is a rough pressure equilibrium in the disk, but with a wide range of pressures at a given location (and even wider for the case including feedback
description: 14 pages, 12 figures, accepted to Astrophysical Journal
FACTOR DEMANDS OF LOUISIANA RICE PRODUCERS: AN ECONOMETRIC INVESTIGATION
Creators: name: McLean-Meyinsse, Patricia E.
name: Okunade, Albert Ade.
name: McLean-Meyinsse, Patricia E.
name: Okunade, Albert Ade.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: A Diewert-flexible (dual) cost function was used to derive a system of conditional factor demand equations for Louisiana rice producers. Generalized Leontief cost and factor share equations were fitted for the 1955-87 period using Zellner's SURE system estimation procedure. The Aitken parameter estimates reveal that: (1) the optimal input mix of rice farmers varies with production scale, (2) the factor-augmenting technical change is labor and chemical saving but seed using, (3) pairwise input substitutions are limited, and (4) factor demands are own-price inelastic. An implication is that Louisiana rice farmers will not appreciably alter their factor utilizations when relative input prices change.
Optimal allocation of excitation and measurement for identification of dynamic networks
Creators: name: Mapurunga, Eduardo
name: Bazanella, Alexandre Sanfelici
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, the problem of choosing the best allocation of excitations and measurements for the identification of a dynamic network is formally stated and analyzed. The best choice will be one that achieves the most accurate identification with the least costly experiment. Accuracy is assessed by the trace of the asymptotic covariance matrix of the parameters estimates, whereas the cost criterion is the number of excitations and measurements. Analytical and numerical results are presented for two classes of dynamic networks in state space form: branches and cycles. From these results, a number of guidelines for the choice emerge, which are based either on the topology of the network or on the relative magnitude of the modules being identified. An example is given to illustrate that these guidelines can to some extent be applied to networks of more generic topology.
The topological structure of function space of transitive maps
Creators: name: He, Zhaorong
name: Li, Jian
name: Yang, Zhongqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37E05, 37B20, 54C35, 54C10

description: Let $C(\mathbf I)$ be the set of all continuous self-maps from ${\mathbf I}=[0,1]$ with the topology of uniformly convergence. A map $f\in C({\mathbf I})$ is called a transitive map if for every pair of non-empty open sets $U,V$ in $\mathbf{I}$, there exists a positive integer $n$ such that $U\cap f^{-n}(V)\not=\emptyset.$ We note $T(\mathbf{I})$ and $\overline{T(\mathbf{I})}$ to be the sets of all transitive maps and its closure in the space $C(\mathbf I)$. In this paper, we show that $T(\mathbf{I})$ and $\overline{T(\mathbf{I})}$ are homeomorphic to the separable Hilbert space $\ell_2$.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure
The Complex Laguerre Symplectic Ensemble of Non-Hermitian Matrices
Creators: name: Akemann, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We solve the complex extension of the chiral Gaussian Symplectic Ensemble, defined as a Gaussian two-matrix model of chiral non-Hermitian quaternion real matrices. This leads to the appearance of Laguerre polynomials in the complex plane and we prove their orthogonality. Alternatively, a complex eigenvalue representation of this ensemble is given for general weight functions. All k-point correlation functions of complex eigenvalues are given in terms of the corresponding skew orthogonal polynomials in the complex plane for finite-N, where N is the matrix size or number of eigenvalues, respectively. We also allow for an arbitrary number of complex conjugate pairs of characteristic polynomials in the weight function, corresponding to massive quark flavours in applications to field theory. Explicit expressions are given in the large-N limit at both weak and strong non-Hermiticity for the weight of the Gaussian two-matrix model. This model can be mapped to the complex Dirac operator spectrum with non-vanishing chemical potential. It belongs to the symmetry class of either the adjoint representation or two colours in the fundamental representation using staggered lattice fermions.
description: 43 pages, 11 figures; v2 published version + corrected typos, refs. added
Training Programme_Annual Report 2021 D6.5
Creators: name: Mulder, Nicola
name: Mbiyavanga, Mamana
name: Hiltemann, Saskia
name: Matser, Vera
name: Lloret Llinares, Marta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: training
webinars
communication
engagement

description: In this deliverable document, we report on the activities in task 6.4 - Training Programme, describe the CINECA training activities that took place in months 25-36 of the project and provide the Training Plan for the final year.  The CINECA training programme aims to train people within the CINECA consortium as well as external users. Different approaches have been employed, including face-to-face and online courses, hackathons, training videos and staff exchanges. While we waited for CINECA products to be completed, many of the training efforts for the year again focused on internal learning opportunities and knowledge exchanges, but some externally facing events were held to disseminate outputs. All the training and outreach events continued to be heavily impacted by COVID-19, which removed our ability to hold face-to-face workshops and staff exchanges. The staff exchanges were suspended and replaced with virtual meet-ups. 
THE DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: THE CASE OF WHEAT, CORN, AND SOYBEANS
Creators: name: Haniotis, Tassos
name: Baffes, John
name: Ames, Glenn C.W.
name: Haniotis, Tassos
name: Baffes, John
name: Ames, Glenn C.W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The demand for and supply of U.S. wheat, corn, and soybean exports is specified in a dynamic framework. Obtained results indicate differences in the export behavior of each product. U.S. corn exports are elastic, while U.S. soybean exports exhibit an inelastic response. For wheat, the derived elasticity of export demand had a positive sign. Hypothesis testing validated the dynamic structure of the estimated models in all markets. Stability properties were confirmed in export markets of corn and soybeans, but results were inconclusive for the wheat market. Adjustment coefficients indicate that exports and export prices do no adjust immediately to their equilibrium levels. Multiplier impacts indicate a stable path of convergence for all markets, with minimal impact of exogenous shocks on wheat and corn exports and export prices. Soybean export prices exhibit a significant response to changes in domestic export capacity, but minimal response to other exogenous shocks.
Properties of Planetary Caustics in Gravitational Microlensing
Creators: name: Han, Cheongho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although some of the properties of the caustics in planetary microlensing have been known, our understanding of them is mostly from scattered information based on numerical approaches. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive and analytic analysis of the properties of the planetary caustics, which are one of the two sets of caustics in planetary microlensing, those located away from the central star. Under the perturbative approximation, we derive analytic expressions for the location, size, and shape of the planetary caustic as a function of the star-planet separation and the planet/star mass ratio. Based on these expressions combined with those for the central caustic, which is the other set of caustics located close to the central star, we compare the similarities and differences between the planetary and central caustics. We also present the expressions for the size ratio between the two types of caustics and for the condition of the merging of the two types of caustics. These analytic expressions will be useful in understanding the dependence of the planetary lensing behavior on the planet parameters and thus in interpreting the planetary lensing signals
description: total 6 pages, including 6 figures, ApJ, submitted
APOYO Poll # 1992-62004: Political & Economic Situation
Creators: name: Apoyo Opinion Y Mercado, S.A.
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Approval of political authorities (2); economic situation (2); approval of government policies (1); political ideology (1); voting intentions (4); most important issue (2); Apra party (1); corruption (7); party preference (2); political leaders (2); leadership issues (2); terrorism (10); privatization (5); voting record (1).
Assessing the limitations to freedom of expression on the internet in Ethiopia against the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights
Creators: name: Ayalew, Yohannes
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: 180114 Human Rights Law

description: The right to freedom of expression is guaranteed under international law and in the constitutions of most countries. The content of this right has developed and recently has come to be thought of as including the internet as a medium of communication, and the question is raised whether access to the internet is protected under the current set of normative principles. The right to freedom of expression is fully protected under the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, to which Ethiopia is a party. The Ethiopian government restricts freedom of expression on the internet and has adopted extraneous limiting measures. Most of these measures are incompatable with the African Charter. Restrictions to freedom of expression on the internet include internet shutdowns, hate speech and disinformation regulation, repressive laws, and internet censorship. These limitations may (in)directly muzzle freedom of expression in Ethiopia. The writer argues that illegitimate limitations of the right fall short of the quadruple tests of limitation measures, both under the African Charter and the Ethiopian Constitution. As a result, these limitations violate individuals’ freedom of expression on the internet. Finally, the article suggests that the Ethiopian government should draw guidance from the African Commission’s 2019 Declaration on Freedom of Expression and Access to Information containing rules on limitation measures imposed on freedom of expression on the internet.
FARM INCOME ENHANCEMENT POTENTIAL FOR SMALL, PART-TIME FARMING OPERATIONS IN EAST CENTRAL OKLAHOMA
Creators: name: Sanford, Scott
name: Tweeten, Luther G.
name: Sanford, Scott
name: Tweeten, Luther G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Farm Management

description: Linear programming and stochastic farm growth simulation models are used to assess the impact of alternative enterprise selection, variation in farm income, inflation, and off-farm income on the growth of small, part-time farms in East Central Oklahoma. Results indicate that alternative rates of inflation or variation in farm income do not significantly impact the operation or expansion of part-time farming operations. Adoption of alternative enterprises on part-time farms can lead to full-time farming operations where expansion initially is aided through use of off-farm income. Small full-time operators could greatly enhance family income by obtaining off-farm employment and income.
Analyzing Worms and Network Traffic using Compression
Creators: name: Wehner, Stephanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Internet worms have become a widespread threat to system and network operations. In order to fight them more efficiently, it is necessary to analyze newly discovered worms and attack patterns. This paper shows how techniques based on Kolmogorov Complexity can help in the analysis of internet worms and network traffic. Using compression, different species of worms can be clustered by type. This allows us to determine whether an unknown worm binary could in fact be a later version of an existing worm in an extremely simple, automated, manner. This may become a useful tool in the initial analysis of malicious binaries. Furthermore, compression can also be useful to distinguish different types of network traffic and can thus help to detect traffic anomalies: Certain anomalies may be detected by looking at the compressibility of a network session alone. We furthermore show how to use compression to detect malicious network sessions that are very similar to known intrusion attempts. This technique could become a useful tool to detect new variations of an attack and thus help to prevent IDS evasion. We provide two new plugins for Snort which demonstrate both approaches.
description: 12 pages, LaTeX, two columns
Supplementary Materials from Scaling up biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships: the role of environmental heterogeneity in space and time
Creators: name: Thompson, Patrick L.
name: Kéfi, Sonia
name: Zelnik, Yuval R.
name: Dee, Laura E.
name: Shaopeng Wang
name: Mazancourt, Claire De
name: Loreau, Michel
name: Gonzalez, Andrew
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Supplementary methods and sensitivity analyses
Additional file 2 of Proteomic study of hypothalamus in pigs exposed to heat stress
Creators: name: Yu, Tian-Yue
name: Yong, Yan-Hong
name: Li, Jun-Yu
name: Fang, Biao
name: Can-Ying Hu
name: Wu, Lian-Yun
name: Xiaoxi Liu
name: Zhichao Yu
name: Xingbin Ma
name: Yadnyavalkya Patil
name: Gooneratne, Ravi
name: Ju, Xiang-Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Additional figure 1.
Das verschollene koptisch-sahidische Typikon-Fragment aus Venedig
Creators: name: Atanassova, Diliana
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 94 (2010): Oriens christianus, Band 94