cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Triassic-Jurassic stratigraphy and paleontology of the Takwahoni and Sinwa Formations at Lisadele Lake, Tulsequah map-area, northwestern British Columbia
Creators: name: Shirmohammad, Farshad
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A southwestern outlier of the Whitehorse Trough basin strata in the central Tulsequah map area includes interbedded fossiliferous conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone of the Lower to Middle Jurassic Takwahoni Formation (Laberge Group) which unconformably overlies Upper Triassic limestone of the Sinwa Formation. Ammonite collections record all stages from Pliensbachian to the Bajocian except for the Aalenian. Middle Toarcian ammonite faunas include the first record of the Tethyan genus Leukadiella in the Tulsequah map-area. The refined age and provenance of several episodes of coarse clastic input into the basin show that the character of the dominant clasts in the conglomerates changes up-section. Immediately above the unconformity, breccias and conglomerate contain sedimentary clasts derived from the Sinwa Formation. Clast dominance changes to volcanic near the base of the section, plutonic (in Pliensbachian-Toarcian strata), metamorphic (in uppermost Toarcian rocks), and finally, after an interval of fine-grained sedimentation, to chert in the Middle Jurassic strata of Early Bajocian age. The uppermost chert pebble conglomerates are tentatively placed in the Bowser Lake Group. The relative proportions of lithic fragments, feldspar, and quartz in the Lisadele Lake sandstones, plotted on the ternary tectonic discrimination diagram, indicate a complex arc-basin evolution. The biochronological age control of three recognized sandstone petrofacies illustrates strong temporal trends and rapid tectonic and magmatic events. The trends indicate a very rapid change from transitional to dissected arc and finally a recycled orogen during the evolution of the northern Stikinia in Early and Middle Jurassic time. Geochronological studies of samples of detrital zircons and plutonic clasts from Lower Jurassic strata in the Lisadele Lake area indicate a very rapid uplift, exhumation, and deposition. Comparison of the isotopic ages of the zircons and granite clast ages with the biochronologically constrained ages of the enclosing strata suggests that Early Jurassic intrusion, uplift, unroofing, and deposition probably occurred within five million years.
title: Das Kategoriesystem des MRG - bestehende Notwendigkeit oder ein Relikt aus der Vergangenheit?
Creators: name: Azem, Daniel S.
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Normwohnung
subject: Lagezuschlag
subject: Richtwertgesetz
subject: Mietrechtsgesetz
subject: Reformbedarf
subject: Rechtsvergleich
subject: Normwohnung
subject: Lagezuschlag
subject: Richtwertgesetz
subject: Mietrechtsgesetz
subject: Reformbedarf
subject: Rechtsvergleich

description: Die Forschungsfrage dieser Masterthese beschäftigt sich mit einem offenkundig in Österreich sehr präsentem mietrechtlichen Thema, dem Kategoriesystem. Beginnend mit den Wurzeln der Vergangenheit, welche die Gründe für die damalige Etablierung dieses Systems offenbaren sollen, werden auch die bis in die Gegenwart reichenden Auswirkungen desselben aufgezeigt und mögliche Kritikpunkte angesprochen und konstruktiv hinterfragt. Ebenso wird die Einzigartigkeit des Instruments der Normwohnung und der, bis ins Detail geregelten, Kategorien hervorgehoben, welche auch durch den vorgenommenen Rechtsvergleich verdeutlicht wird. Näher beleuchtet wird das Konstrukt der Normwohnung, dessen Bedeutung und die mögliche Entwicklung und Notwendigkeit in der (näheren) Zukunft. Der deutlich von Bestandverhältnissen geprägte österreichische Wohnungsmarkt führt in Bezug auf manche mietrechtlichen Bereiche sowohl auf Vermieter- als auch auf Mieterseite zu Unzufrieden- und/oder Unsicherheiten, was sich auch regelmäßig in jeweils aktuellen Medienberichten niederschlägt. Themen, die in jüngster Zeit aufgegriffen und diskutiert wurden, werden auch in dieser Arbeit erwähnt und kritisch beleuchtet. Darüber hinaus wird in dieser Arbeit auf mögliche Reformüberlegungen eingegangen. Aufgrund seiner Komplexität ist eine Reform des Mietrechts seit Jahren Thema in der Politik. Pauschal kann ein von der Gesellschaft ausgehender Reformbedarf in den Raum geworfen werden, dessen Grund sich mit der Komplexität, Unübersichtlichkeit und Unvorhersehbarkeit des mietrechtlichen Systems begründen lässt. Dies stellt sicherlich eine sehr diffizile Aufgabe für Politik und Gesetzgeber dar, und wird diese Herausforderung wahrscheinlich nur sehr schwer für alle Seiten zufriedenstellend zu bewältigen sein. Es bleibt demnach abzuwarten, ob die nächsten Pläne der Regierung zielführend sind oder doch (wieder) eher einem „Schuss ins Blaue“ gleichkommen. Dieser praxisrelevante und womöglich zukunftsbeeinflussende Aspekt stellt in Form eines Ausblicks den Abschluss dieser Arbeit dar und soll dabei unterstützen eventuell bevorstehende mietrechtliche Veränderungen näherzubringen.
On the SU(3) Symmetry-Breaking Corrections to Meson Distribution Amplitudes
Creators: name: Braun, V. M.
name: Lenz, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider constraints on the momentum fraction of the $K$ and $K^*$ meson carried by the strange quark that follow from exact operator identities, similar to those for the divergence of the quark part of the QCD energy-momentum tensor. The existing QCD sum rule estimates are reanalyzed in this context. Our conclusions essentially support the constituent quark-model picture where the momentum fraction is roughly proportional to the constituent quark mass, but the asymmetry turns out to be smaller compared to the naive quark model estimates. As a byproduct of this study, we calculate the SU(3)-breaking quark-antiquark-gluon matrix elements that determine the leading conformal spin contributions to the asymmetry in twist-four distribution amplitudes of strange mesons $K$ and $K^*$, and also update the estimate for the SU(3) breaking for the quark-antiquark-gluon vacuum condensate.
description: 15 pages,4 figures
Universal Convergence of Semimeasures on Individual Random Sequences
Creators: name: Hutter, Marcus
name: Muchnik, Andrej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: I.2.6; E.4; G.3; F.1.3

description: Solomonoff's central result on induction is that the posterior of a universal semimeasure M converges rapidly and with probability 1 to the true sequence generating posterior mu, if the latter is computable. Hence, M is eligible as a universal sequence predictor in case of unknown mu. Despite some nearby results and proofs in the literature, the stronger result of convergence for all (Martin-Loef) random sequences remained open. Such a convergence result would be particularly interesting and natural, since randomness can be defined in terms of M itself. We show that there are universal semimeasures M which do not converge for all random sequences, i.e. we give a partial negative answer to the open problem. We also provide a positive answer for some non-universal semimeasures. We define the incomputable measure D as a mixture over all computable measures and the enumerable semimeasure W as a mixture over all enumerable nearly-measures. We show that W converges to D and D to mu on all random sequences. The Hellinger distance measuring closeness of two distributions plays a central role.
description: 16 pages
Nachwachsende Rohstoffe aus der Region und für die Region
Creators: name: Pude, Ralf
Publisher: name: Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft
Year: 2021

description: Trotz Anbaustagnation nimmt die Nutzung von Nachwachsenden Rohstoffen, sowohl von Pflanzen als auch von Reststoffen zu (FNR, 2021). Der Anbau dieser Kulturen steht allerdings immer in Konkurrenz zu den Flächen für die Nahrungsmittelproduktion. Gleichzeitig geht die Ackerfläche durch neue Siedlungsflächen kontinuierlich zurück. Es stellt sich daher die Frage, wie der Anbau von Nachwachsenden Rohstoffen in Deutschland, auch flächenmäßig zukünftig sinnvoll weiterentwickelt werden sollte. Dazu bieten sich verschiedene Lösungswege an. So ließen sich effektive low-input Pflanzen kultivieren, die im Optimalfall auch noch auf marginalen Flächen oder z.B. Industriebrachen angebaut werden können. Die aktuelle Bioökonomiestrategie Deutschlands sieht dies so vor. Hinzu kommen Maßnahmen in Zuge der Renewable-Carbon-Strategie unter Federführung des Nova-Institutes mit zahlreichen großen Unternehmen bzw. Konzernen (www.renewable-carbon.eu). Dabei ist der Anbau dieser Pflanzen zu berücksichtigen; d. h. es ist eine interdisziplinäre Forschung über die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette notwendig. Dadurch dürften sich auch neue Erkenntnisse und neue Ideen zu Nachwachsenden Rohstoffen ergeben. Um die vielfältigen Ideen zur Anbauoptimierung und zur höherwertigen Nutzung von Nachwachsenden Rohstoffen schneller voran zu bringen, geht die Professur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe besondere Wege. Beispiel hierfür ist die gemeinsame Gründung des „bio innovation park Rheinland e.V.“ (www.bio-innovation.net) von den Hochschuleinrichtungen der Region, den Unternehmen und den beiden Kommunen Meckenheim und Rheinbach zusammen mit dem Rhein-Sieg-Kreis. Ein solches Netzwerk für Bioökonomie und grüne Technologien soll eine viel schnellere und vor allem regionale Umsetzung der Forschungsergebnisse in die landwirtschaftliche Praxis und die Unternehmen forcieren. Der Aufbau solcher Netzwerke zur Umsetzung einer regionalen Bioökonomie ist verstärkt anzustreben.
description: Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft, Aktuelle Beiträge
Education Games To Learn Basic Algorithm With Near Isometric Projection Method
Creators: name: Istiono, Wirawan
name: Hijrah
name: P, Nur Nawaningtyas.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Basic programming and algorithm learning is one of the compulsory subjects required for students majoring in computers. As this lesson is knowledge base, it is very important and essential that before learn programmings languages students must be encourages to learn it to avoid difficulties that by using the algorithm learning games application with Near Isometric Projection, Students or prospective students become more interested in learning algorithms and programming. In this study, basic learning algorithms focused on the material Sequencing, Overloading, Procedures, Recursive Loops and Conditionals, which are made so that it can make it easier for students to learn the basics of programming algorithms. The simulated results show that proposed Education Games with Near Isometric Projection method reach 83.87% statement of agreement that application games to learn basic programming algorithms were interesting and helped them to understand basic algorithm after testing using UAT. Testing with User Acceptance Test for 30 students of Multimedia Nusantara University
description: 5 pages, 10 Figures, International Journal of Advanced Studies in Computer Science & Engineering IJASCSE Volume 8 Issue 7, 2019
Precise construction of weather-sensitive poly(ester-alt-thioesters) from phthalic thioanhydride and oxetane
Creators: name: Fornacon-Wood, Christoph
name: Stühler, Merlin R.
name: Gallizioli, Cesare
name: Manjunatha, Bhargav R.
name: Wachtendorf, Volker
name: Schartel, Bernhard
name: Plajer, Alex J.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: selective ring opening copolymerisation
subject: oxetane
subject: phthalic thioanhydride
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: We report the selective ring opening copolymerisation (ROCOP) of oxetane and phthalic thioanhydride by a heterobimetallic Cr(III)K catalyst precisely yielding semi-crystalline alternating poly(ester-alt-thioesters) which show improved degradability due to the thioester links in the polymer backbone.
Salmonellosis Control: Estimated Economic Benefits
Creators: name: Roberts, Tanya
name: Roberts, Tanya
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Salmonella
subject: salmonellosis
subject: foodborne disease costs
subject: economic costs
subject: risk assessment
subject: risk characterization

description: Salmonellosis, a common human intestinal disorder primarily caused by contaminated meats and poultry, attacks an estimated two million Americans annually. Using a cost of illness approach, the medical costs and productivity losses alone were estimated to cost around one billion dollars in 1987. If pain and suffering, lost leisure time, and chronic disease costs could be quantified, the estimate would increase significantly. Other procedures for calculating the value of life could either raise or lower the estimated economic benefits of reducing human salmonellosis. Incorporating losses to farmers, whose animals have reduced feed efficiency, reduced weight gain, or deaths because of chronic salmonellosis, would also increase the estimates. Also excluded were costs of food safety regulatory programs and costs to the industry for product recalls and plant closures due to foodborne salmonellosis outbreaks. The National Academy of Sciences has endorsed risk assessment as a necessary method to evaluate and improve food safety regulatory programs, especially as applied to Salmonella contamination of poultry. Understanding the costs of salmonellosis is an important part of risk characterization since a key benefit of regulatory programs is reducing human salmonellosis.
On the contraction method with degenerate limit equation
Creators: name: Neininger, Ralph
name: Ruschendorf, Ludger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F05, 68Q25 (Primary) 68P10. (Secondary)

description: A class of random recursive sequences (Y_n) with slowly varying variances as arising for parameters of random trees or recursive algorithms leads after normalizations to degenerate limit equations of the form X\stackrel{L}{=}X. For nondegenerate limit equations the contraction method is a main tool to establish convergence of the scaled sequence to the ``unique'' solution of the limit equation. In this paper we develop an extension of the contraction method which allows us to derive limit theorems for parameters of algorithms and data structures with degenerate limit equation. In particular, we establish some new tools and a general convergence scheme, which transfers information on mean and variance into a central limit law (with normal limit). We also obtain a convergence rate result. For the proof we use selfdecomposability properties of the limit normal distribution which allow us to mimic the recursive sequence by an accompanying sequence in normal variables.
description: Published by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org) in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117904000000171
Has the black hole in XTE J1118+480 experienced an asymmetric natal kick?
Creators: name: Gualandris, Alessia
name: Colpi, Monica
name: Zwart, Simon Portegies
name: Possenti, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the origin of the Galactic high latitude black hole X-ray binary XTE J1118+480, and in particular its birth location and the magnitude of the kick received by the black hole upon formation in the supernova explosion. We constrain the age of the companion to the black hole using stellar evolution calculations between 2 Gyr and 5 Gyr, making an origin in a globular cluster unlikely. We therefore argue that the system was born in the Galactic disk and the supernova propelled it in its current high latitude orbit. Given the current estimates on its distance, proper motion and radial velocity, we back-trace the orbit of XTE J1118+480 in the Galactic potential to infer the peculiar velocity of the system at different disk crossings over the last 5 Gyr. Taking into account the uncertainties on the velocity components, we infer an average peculiar velocity of 183 \pm 31 km/s. The maximum velocity which the binary can acquire by symmetric supernova mass loss is about 100 km/s, which is 2.7 sigma away from the mean of the peculiar velocity distribution. We therefore argue that an additional asymmetric kick velocity is required. By considering the orientation of the system relative to the plane of the sky, we derive a 95% probability for a non null component of the kick perpendicular to the orbital plane of the binary. The distribution of perpendicular velocities is skewed to lower velocities with an average of 93^{+55}_{-60} km/s.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, replaced with revised version, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Magnification of Plasmon Resonances in Monolayer MoS2 via Conjugated Molecular Adsorbates
Creators: name: Guerrero-Felipe, Juan Pablo
name: Valencia, Ana M.
name: Cocchi, Caterina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Aromatic compounds
subject: Electron energy loss spectroscopy
subject: Hydrocarbons
subject: Interfaces
subject: Molecules
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: The adsorption of carbon-conjugated molecules represents an established route to tuning the electronic and optical properties of transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers. Here, we demonstrate from first principles that such a functionalization with prototypical compounds pyrene and tetracene can also enhance the magnitude of selected plasmon resonances in a MoS2 single sheet without significantly altering their energy and dispersion. Our proof-of-principle results indicate that such a magnification can be achieved by the proper alignment of the molecules with respect to the direction of the transferred momentum. The distinct signatures in the loss function of the interface compared to those of its constituents suggest not only the presence of non-negligible interactions between them but also the possibility of using electron energy loss spectroscopy to detect the presence and the orientation of molecular adsorbates on TMDCs.
Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems via Reweighted $\ell_1$-regularized Least Squares
Creators: name: Cortiella, Alexandre
name: Park, Kwang-Chun
name: Doostan, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work proposes an iterative sparse-regularized regression method to recover governing equations of nonlinear dynamical systems from noisy state measurements. The method is inspired by the Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics (SINDy) approach of {\it [Brunton et al., PNAS, 113 (15) (2016) 3932-3937]}, which relies on two main assumptions: the state variables are known {\it a priori} and the governing equations lend themselves to sparse, linear expansions in a (nonlinear) basis of the state variables. The aim of this work is to improve the accuracy and robustness of SINDy in the presence of state measurement noise. To this end, a reweighted $\ell_1$-regularized least squares solver is developed, wherein the regularization parameter is selected from the corner point of a Pareto curve. The idea behind using weighted $\ell_1$-norm for regularization -- instead of the standard $\ell_1$-norm -- is to better promote sparsity in the recovery of the governing equations and, in turn, mitigate the effect of noise in the state variables. We also present a method to recover single physical constraints from state measurements. Through several examples of well-known nonlinear dynamical systems, we demonstrate empirically the accuracy and robustness of the reweighted $\ell_1$-regularized least squares strategy with respect to state measurement noise, thus illustrating its viability for a wide range of potential applications.
Segmenting Scientific Abstracts into Discourse Categories: A Deep Learning-Based Approach for Sparse Labeled Data
Creators: name: Banerjee, Soumya
name: Sanyal, Debarshi Kumar
name: Chattopadhyay, Samiran
name: Bhowmick, Plaban Kumar
name: Das, Parthapratim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.5.1; H.3.7

description: The abstract of a scientific paper distills the contents of the paper into a short paragraph. In the biomedical literature, it is customary to structure an abstract into discourse categories like BACKGROUND, OBJECTIVE, METHOD, RESULT, and CONCLUSION, but this segmentation is uncommon in other fields like computer science. Explicit categories could be helpful for more granular, that is, discourse-level search and recommendation. The sparsity of labeled data makes it challenging to construct supervised machine learning solutions for automatic discourse-level segmentation of abstracts in non-bio domains. In this paper, we address this problem using transfer learning. In particular, we define three discourse categories BACKGROUND, TECHNIQUE, OBSERVATION-for an abstract because these three categories are the most common. We train a deep neural network on structured abstracts from PubMed, then fine-tune it on a small hand-labeled corpus of computer science papers. We observe an accuracy of 75% on the test corpus. We perform an ablation study to highlight the roles of the different parts of the model. Our method appears to be a promising solution to the automatic segmentation of abstracts, where the labeled data is sparse.
description: to appear in the proceedings of JCDL'2020
Chinese animal product consumption in the 1990s
Creators: name: Ma, Hengyun
name: Rae, Allan N.
name: Huang, Jikun
name: Rozelle, Scott
name: Ma, Hengyun
name: Rae, Allan N.
name: Huang, Jikun
name: Rozelle, Scott
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Chinese animal product consumption behaviour was analysed for both urban and rural households using a complete regional consumption dataset that was augmented to include away‐from‐home consumption. Seven animal product expenditure share equations were estimated with an extended Almost Ideal Demand System model. The results suggest that Chinese consumers will continue to increase their consumption of animal products, but that consumption patterns have changed in the 1990s. A large percentage of household animal product expenditure is still on pork. However, the shares for aquatic and poultry products consumption will increase substantially. As a consequence, the pork expenditure share will be gradually reduced as incomes grow and diet preferences change in both urban and rural households. There are significant differences in animal product consumption preferences across regions of China. As a result, studies that omit regional dummy variables in their demand systems can produce different expenditure and price parameters. The present paper also found that many of the estimates of elasticities and marginal expenditure shares would be rather different if the data ignored consumption away from home.
Establishing a New State-of-the-Art for French Named Entity Recognition
Creators: name: Suárez, Pedro Javier Ortiz
name: Dupont, Yoann
name: Muller, Benjamin
name: Romary, Laurent
name: Sagot, Benoît
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The French TreeBank developed at the University Paris 7 is the main source of morphosyntactic and syntactic annotations for French. However, it does not include explicit information related to named entities, which are among the most useful information for several natural language processing tasks and applications. Moreover, no large-scale French corpus with named entity annotations contain referential information, which complement the type and the span of each mention with an indication of the entity it refers to. We have manually annotated the French TreeBank with such information, after an automatic pre-annotation step. We sketch the underlying annotation guidelines and we provide a few figures about the resulting annotations.
The supplementary materials for participant's characteristics, methods and results from Breastfeeding dynamically changes endogenous oxytocin levels and emotion recognition in mothers
Creators: name: Matsunaga, Michiko
name: Kikusui, Takefumi
name: Mogi, Kazutaka
name: Nagasawa, Miho
name: Ooyama, Rumi
name: Myowa, Masako
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Breastfeeding behaviours can significantly change mothers' physiological and psychological states. The hormone oxytocin may mediate breastfeeding and mothers' emotion recognition. This study examined the effects of endogenous oxytocin fluctuation via breastfeeding on emotion recognition in 51 primiparous mothers. Saliva oxytocin was assessed before and after the manipulation (breastfeeding or holding an infant), and emotion recognition tasks were conducted. Among mothers who breastfed daily, mothers with more increased levels of oxytocin after breastfeeding showed greater reduced negative recognition and enhanced positive recognition of adult facial expressions. These oxytocin functions accompanying breastfeeding may support continued nurturing behaviours and also affect the general social cognition of other adults beyond any specific effect on infants.
title: When others fail to comply : Kant on revolution, self-defence, and lying
Creators: name: Lo Re, Stefano
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2019

description: According to a prominent line of interpretation, Kantians must sometimes choose between leaving individuals defenceless against evil or developing strategies to mitigate the stringency of duties in the face of others’ bad intentions. The thesis reacts to this setup, which unduly privileges Kant’s early critical moral theory at the expense of his mature system. In particular, it vindicates the relevance of Kant’s legal-political philosophy by discussing three cases where others’ noncompliance seems to ground exceptions to duties: political revolution, self-defence, and defensive lying. In addition to considering neglected yet significant passages from Kant, it makes the following main contributions. Chapter 1 analyses Kant’s state of nature as a systemic, inter-individual problem of noncompliance, suggesting that Kant’s political solution (exiting the state of nature) leads to a different version of the problem, involving citizens and sovereign. Turning to political revolution, Chapter 2 introduces an issue affecting both restricted and unrestricted interpretations of its prohibition: while, for Kant, supreme de facto power is at least a necessary condition for a state’s legitimacy, such supremacy is never conclusively established. The chapter also discusses the role of lex permissiva in state foundation, arguing against employing it to justify revolts by introducing a test for principles of non-contingent moral progress. Chapter 3 focuses on self-defence. After examining it in connection to the alleged right of necessity, it explores its juridical and ethical dimensions, with a particular focus on the issue of moderation. It makes room for a narrow state-enforced limitation on defence of individuals’ rights vis-à-vis one another, and, together with Chapter 1, advances a Kantian analysis of violence as unilateral exercise of force or immoderate self-defence. Chapter 4 discusses in detail Kant’s arguments against lying and his 1797 essay On an Alleged Right to Lie. Together with Chapter 3, it highlights Kant’s different attitudes toward the morality of defensive lying and force, putting his verdict on Inquiring Murderer in due philosophical perspective. Building on Chapter 2, it provides an account of how a lie wrongs “humanity as such”, vindicating Kant’s commitment to the idea that progress must happen in principle and on principle.
Detailed method description for the predictor variables and table S1 from Evolution of moult–migration is directly linked to aridity of the breeding grounds in North American passerines
Creators: name: Pageau, Claudie
name: Tonra, Christopher M.
name: Mateen Shaikh
name: Flood, Nancy J.
name: Reudink, Matthew W.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: To avoid energy allocation conflicts, birds generally separate breeding, migration and moult during the annual cycle. North American passerines typically moult on the breeding grounds prior to fall migration. However, some have evolved a moult–migration strategy in which they delay moult until stopping over during fall migration. Rohwer et al. (2005) proposed the ‘push–pull hypothesis' as an explanation for the evolution of this moult strategy, but it has not been empirically tested. Poor conditions on the breeding grounds at the end of the summer would push birds to depart prior to moult, while productive stopover locations would pull them. We tested for a relationship between moult–migration and breeding grounds aridity as measured by the normalized difference vegetation index. Our results strongly support the ‘push' aspect of the push–pull hypothesis and indicate that arid breeding grounds, primarily in western North America, would drive species to evolve stopover moult–migration, although this relationship may depend upon migration distance.
Mineralogical and geochemical study of the True Blue aquamarine showing, Shark Property, southern Yukon Territory
Creators: name: Turner, David James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Aquamarine of distinctly dark blue colour was discovered during the summer of 2003 in the Pelly Mountains, southern Yukon Territory, Canada. The beryl is found within quartz veins that fill sigmoidal tension gashes, which cut a Mississippian syenite. The True Blue showing is differentiated from other beryl occurrences in the northern Cordillera by the colour of the beryl, host rock, mineral associations, timing, and mineralizing fluid. The syenite was emplaced within an extensional setting into undeformed Paleozoic platform sediments of the Cassiar Platform and felsic volcanics of the Pelly Mountain Volcanic Belt. Post late-Triassic tectonics resulted in a number of northeast-directed thrust panels that were subsequently cut by Cretaceous granitic magmatism. Accessory minerals in the veins include siderite, ankerite, allanite, fluorite, and minor albite, various sulfide minerals, and Fe-Ti-Nb oxide minerals. Electron microprobe analyses of beryl (n = 192) revealed that FeO values range up to 5.92 wt.%, Na₂O up to 2.66 wt.%, MgO up to 3.42 wt.%, and CaO up to 0.11 wt.%, while little to no Cr, Sc or V were detected. The darkest blue beryl has the highest concentrations of FeO. Allanite is of the Ce-dominant variety, contains up to 26 wt.% REE₂O₃, and exhibits Fe²⁺ > Fe³⁺. Fluorite from several veins that co-precipitated with beryl has been dated using Sm-Nd geochronology at 171.4 ±4.8 Ma. In situ and whole-mineral δ¹⁸O[sub SMOW] values from beryl and whole-mineral δ¹⁸O[sub SMOW] values from quartz are variable and temperature estimates derived from this data suggests fluid temperatures between ~275 and ~425 °C. Conventional gem beryl formation models, and consequently exploration parameters, applied in Yukon invoke late-stage magmatic fluids. Evidence gathered in this study points to a metamorphic origin for the mineralizing fluid and local derivation of vein constituents, thus differentiating the fluids at True Blue from other intrusion-related beryl-forming fluids in the northern Cordillera.
Figure S1 from Post-activation muscle potentiation and its relevance to cyclical behaviours
Creators: name: Taylor-Burt, Kari R.
name: Konow, Nicolai
name: Biewener, Andrew A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This file includes Figure S1, which depicts the in situ experimental rig and instrumentation used to perform work-loop experiments.
A New Astrophysical "Triptych": GRB030329/SN2003dh/URCA-2
Creators: name: Bernardini, M. G.
name: Bianco, C. L.
name: Chardonnet, P.
name: Fraschetti, F.
name: Ruffini, R.
name: Xue, S. -S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the data of the Gamma-Ray Burst/Supernova GRB030329/SN2003dh system obtained by HETE-2 (GCN [1]), R-XTE (GCN [2]), XMM (Tiengo et al. [3]) and VLT (Hjorth et al. [4]) within our theory (Ruffini et al. [5] and references therein) for GRB030329. By fitting the only three free parameters of the EMBH theory, we obtain the luminosity in fixed energy bands for the prompt emission and the afterglow (see Fig.1). Since the Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) analysis is consistent with a spherically symmetric expansion, the energy of GRB030329 is E = 2.1 * 10^{52} erg, namely ~ 2 * 10^3 times larger than the Supernova energy. We conclude that either the GRB is triggering an induced-supernova event or both the GRB and the Supernova are triggered by the same relativistic process. In no way the GRB can be originated from the supernova. We also evidence that the XMM observations (Tiengo et al. [3]), much like in the system GRB980425/SN1998bw (Ruffini et al. [6], Pian et al. [7]), are not part of the GRB afterglow, as interpreted in the literature (Tiengo et al. [3]), but are associated to the Supernova phenomenon. A dedicated campaign of observations is needed to confirm the nature of this XMM source as a newly born neutron star cooling by generalized URCA processes.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the Proceedings of the Los Alamos "Gamma Ray Burst Symposium" in Santa Fe, New Mexico, September 8-12 2003 (AIP Conf. Ser.), CHAPTER: GRB030329
Valuing New South Wales rivers for use in benefit transfer
Creators: name: Morrison, Mark
name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
name: Morrison, Mark
name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The results from seven choice modelling applications designed to value improved river health in New South Wales are reported. These applications were designed to provide value estimates that could be used, through benefit transfer, to value improvements in the health of other rivers within the state. Because of limitations on the number of rivers that could be valued and populations sampled, a pooled model for use in benefit transfer was also estimated. The results indicate that both use and non‐use values were found to exist for all catchments. In addition, value estimates were found to differ across catchments when populations resident within catchments were sampled. However, when populations resident outside catchments were sampled for two of these catchments, value estimates were found to be statistically similar. This indicates the importance of valuing improved river health in specific catchments by sampling populations within catchments. Yet, it also indicates that it is less critical to conduct multiple surveys of residents outside catchments to value improved river health.
An evolving space framework for Oseen equations on a moving domain
Creators: name: Djurdjevac, Ana
name: Gräser, Carsten
name: Herbert, Philip J.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolving domain
subject: Oseen equation
subject: finite difference
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik

description: This article considers non-stationary incompressible linear fluid equations in a moving domain. We demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of an appropriate weak formulation of the problem by making use of the theory of time-dependent Bochner spaces. It is not possible to directly apply established evolving Hilbert space theory due to the incompressibility constraint. After we have established the well-posedness, we derive and analyse a first order time discretisation of the system.
The Galaxy Cluster Abell 3581 as seen by Chandra
Creators: name: Johnstone, R. M.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Morris, R. G.
name: Taylor, G. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from an analysis of a Chandra observation of the cluster of galaxies Abell 3581. We discover the presence of a point-source in the central dominant galaxy which is coincident with the core of the radio source PKS 1404-267. The emission from the intracluster medium is analysed, both as seen in projection on the sky, and after correcting for projection effects, to determine the spatial distribution of gas temperature, density and metallicity. We find that the cluster, despite hosting a moderately powerful radio source, shows a temperature decline to around 0.4Tmax within the central 5 kpc. The cluster is notable for the low entropy within its core. We test and validate the xspec projct model for determining the intrinsic cluster gas properties.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Emergence of Transient Domain Wall Skyrmions after Ultrafast Demagnetisation
Creators: name: Lepadatu, Serban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that ultrafast laser pulses can be used to deterministically switch magnetisation and create skyrmions, however the deterministic creation of a single Néel skyrmion after ultrafast demagnetisation remains an open question. Here we show domain wall skyrmions also emerge in systems with broken inversion symmetry after exposure to an ultrafast laser pulse, carrying an integer topological charge. Whilst domain wall skyrmions do not appear in the relaxed state due to quick thermal decay following an Arrhenius law, they play a key role in controlling the final skyrmion population through annihilations with skyrmions of opposite topological charge, with the resultant skyrmion states following a Poisson distribution. Using single-shot linearly polarised laser pulses, as well as a train of circularly polarised laser pulses, we show that when a high degree of disorder is created, the possibility of nucleating a single Néel skyrmion is accompanied by the possibility of nucleating a skyrmion with domain wall skyrmion pair, which results in a self-annihilation collapse.
Ramsey interferometry with atoms and molecules: two-body versus many-body phenomena
Creators: name: Goral, Krzysztof
name: Koehler, Thorsten
name: Burnett, Keith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the frequency and visibility of atom-molecule Ramsey fringes observed in recent experiments by Claussen et al.[Phys. Rev. A 67, 060701 (2003)]. In these experiments a 85Rb Bose-Einstein condensate was exposed to a sequence of magnetic field pulses on the high field side of the 155 G Feshbach resonance. The observed oscillation frequencies largely agree with the theoretically predicted magnetic field dependence of the binding energy of the highest excited diatomic vibrational state, except for a small region very close to the singularity of the scattering length. Our analytic treatment of the experiment, as well as our dynamical simulations, follow the magnitude of the measured oscillation frequencies as well as the visibilities of the Ramsey fringes. We show that significant deviations from a purely binary dynamics, with an associated binding frequency, occur when the spatial extent of the molecular wave function becomes comparable with the mean distance between the atoms in the dilute gas. The experiments thus clearly identify the conditions under which diatomic molecules may be identified as a separate entity of the gas or, conversely, when the concept of binary physics in a many-body environment is bound to break down.
description: 22 pages, 12 eps figures; final version
Abelian homotopy Dijkgraaf-Witten theory
Creators: name: Hansen, S. K.
name: Slingerland, J. K.
name: Turner, P. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 57R56

description: We construct a version of Dijkgraaf-Witten theory based on a compact abelian Lie group within the formalism of Turaev's homotopy quantum field theory. As an application we show that the 2+1-dimensional theory based on U(1) classifies lens spaces up to homotopy type.
description: 23 pages, 1 figure
title: Intracellular bioorthogonal chemistry
Creators: name: Sporer, Emanuel
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Bioorthogonal Chemistry
subject: Click Chemistry
subject: Ibrutinib
subject: Kinase Inhibitor

description: Bioorthogonal reactions have a central role in medicinal therapeutics and diagnostics. Extracellularly binding substances, like antibodies, are often used as targeting agents and are coupled with a bioorthogonal reaction agent. The most popular combination nowadays is the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction between a trans-cyclooctene and a tetrazine. The aim of this thesis is to show that this kind of reaction is not only able to be used for in vitro reactions but as well for intracellular reactions. Therefore, an intracellular targeting agent, ibrutinib, was synthesized. It binds covalently to Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), which is expressed by chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and other leukemia diseases. Through the introduction of an amine-group, this targeting agent can be modified without preventing its ability to covalently bind to BTK. Besides this classic click reaction, bioorthogonal bond cleavage reactions have recently been discovered, e.g. click-to-release chemistry, which was used in combination with the ibrutinib model to develop a tool to study intracellular bioorthogonal elimination. To enable release upon tetrazine ligation, a leaving group was introduced at the allylic position of TCO. This reaction can be employed to achieve intracellular release of a variety of compounds (e.g. drugs), which is thus of increasing interest. As a proof-of-concept, within this thesis three different ibrutinib derivatives were prepared in multistep synthetic sequences and evaluated. We were able to show that bioorthogonally modified ibrutinib still specifically binds to BTK. Intracellular reactions were confirmed by cell uptake measurements using radiolabeled tetrazines. The click-to-release reaction was studied and confirmed in vitro applying a drug-TCO-dye conjugate. Consequently, the ibrutinib model was shown to be a valuable tool to study intracellular bioorthogonal reactions. This will not only enable the development of imaging techniques that can be used for diagnostics and to attain a better understanding of biosystems, but moreover allow us to investigate intracellular bioorthogonal elimination reactions towards theranostic applications.
Resistance to host antimicrobial peptides mediates resilience of gut commensals during infection and aging in Drosophila
Creators: name: Arias-Rojas, Aranzazu
name: Frahm, Dagmar
name: Hurwitz, Robert
name: Brinkmann, Volker
name: Iatsenko, Igor
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Drosophila
subject: microbiota
subject: infection
subject: antimicrobial peptides
subject: Lactobacillus
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Resilience to short-term perturbations, like inflammation, is a fundamental feature of microbiota, yet the underlying mechanisms of microbiota resilience are incompletely understood. Here, we show that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, a major Drosophila commensal, stably colonizes the fruit fly gut during infection and is resistant to Drosophila antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). By transposon screening, we identified L. plantarum mutants sensitive to AMPs. These mutants were impaired in peptidoglycan O-acetylation or teichoic acid D-alanylation, resulting in increased negative cell surface charge and higher affinity to cationic AMPs. AMP-sensitive mutants were cleared from the gut after infection and aging-induced gut inflammation in wild-type, but not in AMP-deficient flies, suggesting that resistance to host AMPs is essential for commensal resilience in an inflamed gut environment. Thus, our work reveals that in addition to the host immune tolerance to the microbiota, commensal-encoded resilience mechanisms are necessary to maintain the stable association between host and microbiota during inflammation.
Efficient material-induced activation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells releasing surface molecules, matrix metalloproteinases, and growth factors needed for regenerative tissue remodeling
Creators: name: Stöbener, Daniel David
name: Cosimi, Andrea
name: Weinhart, Marie
name: Peiser, Matthias
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Immunoengineering
subject: Functional surface coatings
subject: Poly(glycidyl ether) copolymers
subject: Ex vivo dendritic cell priming
subject: Regenerative medicine
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: New experimental approaches for tissue repair have recently been proposed and include the application of natural or synthetic biomaterials and immune cells. Herein, fully synthetic poly(glycidyl ether) (PGE) copolymer coatings are evaluated as bioinstructive materials for the in vitro culture and intrinsic activation of human immune cells. Immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) are exposed to PGE brush and gel coatings of varying copolymer composition, wettability, and deformability immobilized on polystyrene culture dishes. Compared to moDCs cultured on standard tissue culture-treated polystyrene, activation marker levels on the cell surface are strongly enhanced on PGE substrates. Thereby, moDCs undergo a distinct morphological change and reach levels of activation comparable to those achieved by toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand liposaccharide (LPS), specifically for the expression of costimulatory molecules CD86 and CD40 as well as human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR. In addition, PGE coatings induce a significantly enhanced level of programmed cell death ligands 1 and 2 (PD-L1/-L2) on the moDC surface, two molecules crucially involved in maintaining immune tolerance. In addition, an increased release of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-1 and MMP-7, as well as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and epidermal growth factor (EGF) was observed in moDCs cultured on PGE substrates. As fully synthetic biomaterials, PGE coatings demonstrate intrinsic functional competence in instructing immature human moDCs for phenotypic activation in vitro, accompanied by the secretion of bioactive molecules, which are known to be crucial for tissue regeneration. Hence, PGE coatings hold strong potential for immune-modulating implant coatings, while PGE-activated moDCs are promising candidates for future clinical cell-based immunoengineering therapies.