cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Short Review of the main achievements of the Scalar Field, Fuzzy, Ultralight, Wave, BEC Dark Matter model
Creators: name: Matos, Tonatiuh
name: Ureña-López, Luis A.
name: Lee, Jae-Weon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Scalar Field Dark Matter model has been known in various ways throughout its history; Fuzzy, BEC, Wave, Ultralight, Axion-like Dark Matter, etc. All of them consist in proposing that the dark matter of the universe is a spinless field $Φ$ that follows the Klein-Gordon (KG) equation of motion $\BoxΦ-dV/dΦ=0$, for a given scalar field potential $V$. The difference between different models is sometimes the choice of the scalar field potential $V$. In the literature we find that people usually work in the nonrelativistic, weak-field limit of the KG equation where it transforms into the Schrödinger equation and the Einstein equations into the Poisson equation, reducing the KG-Einstein system, to the Schrödinger-Poisson system. In this paper, we review some of the most interesting achievements of this model from the historical point of view and its comparison with observations, showing that this model could be the last answer to the question about the nature of dark matter in the universe.
description: 8 pages, no figures
Cooperation and competition in the collective drive by motor proteins: Mean active force, fluctuations, and self-load
Creators: name: Karan, Chitrak
name: Chaudhuri, Debasish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the dynamics of a bio-filament under the collective drive of motor proteins. They are attached irreversibly to a substrate and undergo stochastic attachment-detachment with the filament to produce a directed force on it. We establish the dependence of the mean directed force and force correlations on the parameters describing the individual motor proteins using analytical theory and direct numerical simulations. The effective Langevin description for the filament motion gives mean-squared displacement, asymptotic diffusion constant, and mobility leading to an effective temperature. Finally, we show how competition between motor protein extensions generates a self-load, describable in terms of the effective temperature, affecting the filament motion.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Ample thoughts
Creators: name: Palacin, Daniel
name: Wagner, Frank Olaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Non-n-ampleness as defined by Pillay and Evans is preserved under analysability. Generalizing this to a more general notion of Sigma-ampleness, we obtain an immediate proof for all simple theories of CHatzidakis weak Canonical Base Property (CBP) for types of finite SU-rank. This is then applied to the special case of groups.
Unravelling RecQ helicase function in genome stability using Strand-seq
Creators: name: Hamadeh, Zeid
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Helicases are a highly conserved family of motor proteins responsible for interacting with and unwinding canonical and non-canonical DNA and RNA structures. The RecQ class of helicases, known to suppress illegitimate recombination, are implicated in aging and cancer with four of the five human RecQ helicases directly linked to genome instability syndromes characterized in some cases by strong cancer predisposition or premature aging. While no human disease has been associated with the RECQL5 helicase, loss of this gene in cells is known to result in elevated double strand breaks (DSBs) and sister chromatid exchange events (SCEs), a phenotype of genome instability similar to what is observed in RecQ helicase-linked diseases of strong cancer predisposition. Until recently, studying SCEs has been limited to cytogenetic assays that map at megabase resolution. I used single cell template strand sequencing (Strand-seq) to map SCEs as changes in template strand orientation before and after loss of RECQL5 at kilobase resolution. I generated over 20 single and double knockout models for RECQL5 as well as BLM, WRN and RECQL1 helicases using CRISPR-Cas9 in the human haploid cell line, KBM7, and mapped SCEs to the genome using custom bioinformatic approaches to improve resolution and accuracy of SCE detection. I performed enrichment analysis to show SCEs are frequently occurring near actively transcribed genes with guanine quadruplexes (G4s) and common fragile sites further supporting the role of these helicase genes in suppressing inappropriate recombination at specific genomic elements. I also developed novel bioinformatic approaches to generate genotype-specific call sets for copy number alterations (CNAs), inversions, and translocations. Uncovering the role of DNA helicases in DNA repair and replication pathways is critical for understanding their significance in cancer and aging. Stand-seq offers a unique method to study helicases by mapping the location of SCEs arising in their absence.
Making Intelligence: Ethical Values in IQ and ML Benchmarks
Creators: name: Blili-Hamelin, Borhane
name: Hancox-Li, Leif
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, ML researchers have wrestled with defining and improving machine learning (ML) benchmarks and datasets. In parallel, some have trained a critical lens on the ethics of dataset creation and ML research. In this position paper, we highlight the entanglement of ethics with seemingly ``technical'' or ``scientific'' decisions about the design of ML benchmarks. Our starting point is the existence of multiple overlooked structural similarities between human intelligence benchmarks and ML benchmarks. Both types of benchmarks set standards for describing, evaluating, and comparing performance on tasks relevant to intelligence -- standards that many scholars of human intelligence have long recognized as value-laden. We use perspectives from feminist philosophy of science on IQ benchmarks and thick concepts in social science to argue that values need to be considered and documented when creating ML benchmarks. It is neither possible nor desirable to avoid this choice by creating value-neutral benchmarks. Finally, we outline practical recommendations for ML benchmark research ethics and ethics review.
description: FAccT 2023, June 12 to 15, 2023, Chicago, IL, USA
title: Generative Image Sequence Modeling of Optical Imaging Data
Creators: name: Heck, Kilian Leonard
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2023

description: This thesis focuses on the development of a data processing pipeline for inferring neural activity observed in cat's primary visual cortex.
These activity patterns were measured in a grating stimulation paradigm using optical imaging based on fluorescent dyes, more specifically voltage-sensitive dye imaging. 
While offering a good compromise between spatial and temporal resolution, a low signal-to-noise ratio and dominant technical and biological noise components are inherent properties of the chosen data acquisition method. A high trial-to-trial variability of neural response activity poses additional challenges for data analysis. Further constraints on the chosen processing approach are presented in terms of computational efficiency as well as statistical robustness, which both are requirements for future closed-loop experimental designs.
To tackle these aspects, the benefits of deep learning and probabilistic inference are taken advantage of by the utilization of a deep generative model framework, namely a variational autoencoder model architecture.
Benchmarking and evaluating deep neural networks commonly requires training data with known ground truth information, which is not available for respective real data.
For that purpose, an additional routine for generating synthetic image sequences resembling voltage-sensitive dye imaging recordings was developed. It incorporates knowledge about the data-generating process, including pre-defined spatio-temporal dynamics and typical signal- and artifact-related components.
In six parameter studies on basis of both real and synthetic datasets, a wide range of model configurations were tested while considering different pre-processing steps. The thesis concludes with the implication that many of the tested model parametrizations offer a feasible trade-off between image reconstruction quality and model regularization, and can be adequatly used for tracking signal- and noise-related features.
title: Materializing activism
Creators: name: Hansson, Karin
name: Pargman, Teresa Cerratto
name: Bardzell, Shaowen
name: Ganetz, Hillevi
name: Sveningsson, Malin
name: Sandgren, Maria
Publisher: name: European Society for Socially Embedded Technologies (EUSSET)
Year: 2019

description: Net activism shows how easily available tools allow the organization of social movements to be scaled up and extended globally. These media ecologies enable new forms of power. This one-day workshop gathers researchers focusing on the collaborative efforts within social movements, looking into the socio-technical systems; the organization of activism; the relations between traditional and social media; and the complex network of systems, information, people, values, theories, histories, ideologies and aesthetics underlying various types of activism. The workshop consists of brainstorming sessions where we materialize the intangible and develop our theories and ideas further through a collaborative design process.
Effect of nonhydrostatic pressure on the superconducting kagome metal CsV$_3$Sb$_5$
Creators: name: Tsirlin, Alexander A.
name: Ortiz, Brenden R.
name: Dressel, Martin
name: Wilson, Stephen D.
name: Winnerl, Stephan
name: Uykur, Ece
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-pressure single-crystal x-ray diffraction experiments reveal that the superconducting kagome metal CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ transforms from hexagonal ($P6/mmm$) to monoclinic ($C2/m$) symmetry above 10 GPa if nonhydrostatic pressure conditions are created in a diamond anvil cell with silicon oil as pressure-transmitting medium. This is contrary to the behavior of CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ under quasi-hydrostatic conditions in neon, with the hexagonal symmetry retained up to at least 20 GPa. Monoclinic distortion leaves the kagome planes almost unchanged but deforms honeycomb nets of the Sb atoms. While the onset of the distortion almost coincides with the reentrance of superconductivity, our \textit{ab initio} density-functional calculations reveal only minor changes in the electronic structure compared to the quasi-hydrostatic case. In particular, Fermi surface reconstruction driven by the formation of interlayer Sb-Sb bonds is observed in both monoclinic and hexagonal CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ structures at high pressures and comes out as the likely cause for the reentrant behavior.
description: published version: 5 pages + Supplemental Material, 4 figures, 2 tables
Models for gapped boundaries and domain walls
Creators: name: Kitaev, Alexei
name: Kong, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define a class of lattice models for two-dimensional topological phases with boundary such that both the bulk and the boundary excitations are gapped. The bulk part is constructed using a unitary tensor category $\calC$ as in the Levin-Wen model, whereas the boundary is associated with a module category over $\calC$. We also consider domain walls (or defect lines) between different bulk phases. A domain wall is transparent to bulk excitations if the corresponding unitary tensor categories are Morita equivalent. Defects of higher codimension will also be studied. In summary, we give a dictionary between physical ingredients of lattice models and tensor-categorical notions.
description: 21 pages, a typo is corrected (thanks for Juven Wang)
Modeling the High-Pressure Solid and Liquid Phases of Tin from Deep Potentials with ab initio Accuracy
Creators: name: Chen, Tao
name: Yuan, Fengbo
name: Liu, Jianchuan
name: Geng, Huayun
name: Zhang, Linfeng
name: Wang, Han
name: Chen, Mohan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Constructing an accurate atomistic model for the high-pressure phases of tin (Sn) is challenging because properties of Sn are sensitive to pressures. We develop machine-learning-based deep potentials for Sn with pressures ranging from 0 to 50 GPa and temperatures ranging from 0 to 2000 K. In particular, we find the deep potential, which is obtained by training the ab initio data from density functional theory calculations with the state-of-the-art SCAN exchange-correlation functional, is suitable to characterize high-pressure phases of Sn. We systematically validate several structural and elastic properties of the α (diamond structure), β, bct, and bcc structures of Sn, as well as the structural and dynamic properties of liquid Sn. The thermodynamics integration method is further utilized to compute the free energies of the α, β, bct, and liquid phases, from which the deep potential successfully predicts the phase diagram of Sn including the existence of the triple-point that qualitatively agrees with the experiment.
Strong coupling between Eu2+ spins and Fe2As2 layers in EuFe1.9Co0.1As2 observed with NMR
Creators: name: Guguchia, Z.
name: Roos, J.
name: Shengelaya, A.
name: Katrych, S.
name: Bukowski, Z.
name: Weyeneth, S.
name: Murányi, F.
name: Strässle, S.
name: Maisuradze, A.
name: Karpinski, J.
name: Keller, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A combination of x-ray diffraction, magnetization, and 75As nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments were performed on single-crystal EuFe1.9Co0.1As2. The strength of the hyperfine interaction between the 75As nuclei and the Eu^(2+) 4f states suggests a strong coupling between the Eu^(2+) moments and the Fe1.9Co0.1As2 layers. Such a strong interlayer coupling may be due to an indirect exchange interaction between the localized Eu^(2+) 4f moments, mediated by the Fe 3d conduction electrons. Magnetic susceptibility as well as 75As-NMR measurements reveal a decrease of the SDW transition temperature to T_SDW = 120 K as a result of Co doping. A change of the slope in the temperature dependence of the NMR frequency of the 75As lower-satellite line was observed at 225 K. At the same temperature also a change of the satellite line shape was found. These changes of the NMR spectra may be caused by the formation of a nematic phase below 225 K in EuFe1.9Co0.1As2.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
On the Robustness of Graph Neural Diffusion to Topology Perturbations
Creators: name: Song, Yang
name: Kang, Qiyu
name: Wang, Sijie
name: Kai, Zhao
name: Tay, Wee Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural diffusion on graphs is a novel class of graph neural networks that has attracted increasing attention recently. The capability of graph neural partial differential equations (PDEs) in addressing common hurdles of graph neural networks (GNNs), such as the problems of over-smoothing and bottlenecks, has been investigated but not their robustness to adversarial attacks. In this work, we explore the robustness properties of graph neural PDEs. We empirically demonstrate that graph neural PDEs are intrinsically more robust against topology perturbation as compared to other GNNs. We provide insights into this phenomenon by exploiting the stability of the heat semigroup under graph topology perturbations. We discuss various graph diffusion operators and relate them to existing graph neural PDEs. Furthermore, we propose a general graph neural PDE framework based on which a new class of robust GNNs can be defined. We verify that the new model achieves comparable state-of-the-art performance on several benchmark datasets.
Optimization of the Femtosecond Laser Impulse for Excitation and the Spin-Orbit Mediated Dissociation in the NaRb Dimer
Creators: name: Kozicki, Janek
name: Jasik, Patryk
name: Kilich, Tymon
name: Sienkiewicz, Józef E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of multiple coupled states under the influence of an arbitrary time-dependent external field to investigate the femtosecond laser-driven excitation and the spin-orbit mediated dissociation in the NaRb dimer. In this process, the dimer is excited from the ground triplet state $1^3Σ^+$ to the $1^3Π$ state using the femtosecond laser impulse and the spin-orbit coupling between the $1^3Π$ and $2^1Σ^+$ states results in the singlet-triplet transition. The laser impulse parameters are optimised to obtain maximum yield in electronic states correlating with the first excited atomic asymptote. We observe the detailed population statistics and power-law decay of these states. Finally, the analysis of the population oscillations allows us to determine the optimal time delay for dumping the molecule to its absolute ground state.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, submitted to Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer
title: Worst Case Practices Teaching us the Bright Side: Making Meaning out of the Dark Side of Assistive Technologies on the Shop Floor
Creators: name: Egger-Lampl, Sebastian
name: Gerdenitsch, Cornelia
name: Meneweger, Thomas
name: Clemmensen, Torkil
name: Ludwig, Thomas
name: Lewkowicz, Myriam
Publisher: name: European Society for Socially Embedded Technologies (EUSSET)
Year: 2019

description: Digitization, which often claims the vision to support and assist employees with suitable technologies, is immanent in nowadays industry sector. This claim implies the challenge to not only design technologies appropriately, but also to consider that such implementations of assistive technologies do transform and shape existing work practices. Within this workshop we welcome researchers from a diverse range of disciplines to submit concepts or design ideas of worst practices related to assistive technologies for the shop floor. These worst practices may either be related to previous experiences and projects of the workshop participants or related to three areas of tensions we describe in this proposal. By discussing worst practices of assistive technologies, we aim to make central aspects of assistance visible and discussable. Within the workshop, attendees should discuss these worst practices and then jointly work on best practices designs and prototypes.
On spherical twisted conjugacy classes
Creators: name: Carnovale, Giovanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20GXX, 20E45, 20F55, 14M15

description: Let G be a simple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of good odd characteristic, and let theta be an automorphism of G arising from an involution of its Dynkin diagram. We show that the spherical theta-twisted conjugacy classes are precisely those intersecting only Bruhat cells corresponding to twisted involutions in the Weyl group. We show how the analogue of this statement fails in the triality case. We generalize to good odd characteristic J-H. Lu's dimension formula for spherical twisted conjugacy classes.
description: proof of Lemma 6.4 polished. The journal version is available at http://www.springerlink.com/content/k573l88256753640/
Electric potential of a metallic nanowall between cathode and anode planes
Creators: name: Qin, Xi-Zhou
name: Wang, Wie-Liang
name: Li, Zhi-Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtained the exact expression of the electric potential in the space around a nanowall that is vertically mounted on a planar cathode. The system is designed as a cold field electron emitter or an electron tunneling line scanner. The finite cathode-anode distance has been taking into account. The analytical results are compared with that obtained by the finite- element method.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures Copyright (2011) American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. This article appeared in (J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 29 (2011) 031802) and may be found at (http://link.aip.org/link/?JVB/29/031802)
Efficient Synthesis of Passively Loaded Finite Arrays for Tunable Anomalous Reflection
Creators: name: Vuyyuru, Sravan K. R.
name: Valkonen, Risto
name: Tretyakov, Sergei A.
name: Kwon, Do-Hoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A design methodology for planar loaded antenna arrays is proposed to synthesize a perfect anomalous reflection into an arbitrary direction by optimizing the scattering characteristics of passively loaded array antennas. It is based on efficient and accurate prediction of the induced current distribution and the associated scattering for any given set of load impedances. For a fixed array of finite dimensions, the deflection angles can be continuously adjusted with proper tuning of each load. We study and develop anomalous reflectors as semi-finite (finite $\times$ infinite) and finite planar rectangular arrays comprising printed patches with a subwavelength spacing. Anomalous reflection into an arbitrary desired angle using purely reactive loads is numerically and experimentally validated. Owing to the algebraic nature of load optimization, the design methodology may be applied to the synthesis of large-scale reflectors of practical significance.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
Re-evaluation of Neutron-4He Elastic Scattering Data near 20 MeV
Creators: name: Drosg, M.
name: Ortiz, R. Avalos
name: Hoop, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measured differential elastic scattering cross sections of 17.71-, 20.97-, and 23.72-MeV neutrons from liquid helium-4 were re-evaluated and corrected for sample size and multiple scattering effects by means of a Monte Carlo technique implemented in a more recent code (MCNPX). Results indicate that earlier corrections via a code, MAGGIE-2, overestimated the size of multiple scattering effects by an order of magnitude. The corrected differential cross sections and Legendre coefficients obtained by least-squares fits are given.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, 4 tables; (Erratum: 2 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables) (cf. Journal-refs for published version and Erratum)
Deforming Active Droplets in Viscoelastic Media
Creators: name: Dwivedi, Prateek
name: Shrivastava, Atishay
name: Tiwari, Naveen
name: Pillai, Dipin
name: Mangal, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To mimic the motion of biological swimmers in bodily fluids, a novel experimental system of micellar solubilization driven active droplets in a visco-elastic polymeric solution is presented. The visco-elastic nature of the medium, characterized by the Deborah number (De), is tuned by varying the surfactant (fuel) and polymer concentration in the ambient medium. At moderate De, the droplet exhibits a steady deformed shape, markedly different from the spherical shape observed in Newtonian media. A theoretical analysis based on the normal stress balance at the interface is shown to accurately predict the droplet shape. With a further increase in De, time-periodic deformations accompanied by oscillatory transitions in swimming modes are observed. The study unveils the rich complexity in the motion of active droplets in viscoelastic fluids, which has been hitherto unexplored.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, 31 references
$X(3860)$ production in association with $J/ψ$ via $e^{+}e^{-}$ annihilation at Belle
Creators: name: Zhang, Gui-Yuan
name: Li, Cong
name: Jiang, Ying-Zhao
name: Sun, Zhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the $X(3860)$ production associated with $J/ψ$ via $e^{+}e^{-}$ annihilation at the next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD accuracy, within the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) framework. Under the hypothesis of $J^{PC}_{X(3860)}=0^{++}$, the predicted total cross sections agree well with the Belle's measurements at $\sqrt{s}=Υ(4S,5S)$, while the theoretical results given by the $2^{++}$ hypothesis significantly undershoot the data. This is consistent with the Belle's conclusion that the $0^{++}$ hypothesis is favored over the $2^{++}$ hypothesis for $X(3860)$. Despite the agreement of the total cross sections, the NRQCD predictions seem to be incompatible with the Belle-measured $J/ψ$ angular distributions. We also perform the NLO calculations of $σ_{e^{+}e^{-} \to J/ψ+X(3940)}$ on the assumption of $J^{PC}_{X(3940)}=0^{-+}$, discovering that the NRQCD predictions that coincide with the light-cone results are in good agreement with the experiment.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, and 2 tables
Transition form factors and angular distributions of the $\bm{Λ_b\toΛ(1520)(\to N\bar{K})\ell^+\ell^-}$ decay supported by baryon spectroscopy
Creators: name: Li, Yu-Shuai
name: Jin, Su-Ping
name: Gao, Jing
name: Liu, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the weak transition form factors of the $Λ_b\toΛ(1520)$ transition, and further calculate the angular distributions of the rare decays $Λ_b\toΛ(1520)(\to N\bar{K})\ell^{+}\ell^{-}$ ($N\bar{K}=\{pK^-,n\bar{K}^0\}$) with unpolarized $Λ_b$ and massive leptons. The form factors are calculated by the three-body light-front quark model with the support of numerical wave functions of $Λ_b$ and $Λ(1520)$ from solving the semirelativistic potential model associated with the Gaussian expansion method. By fitting the mass spectrum of the observed single bottom and charmed baryons, the parameters of the potential model are fixed, so this strategy can avoid the uncertainties arising from the choice of a simple harmonic oscillator wave function of the baryons. With more data accumulated in the LHCb experiment, our result can help for exploring the $Λ_b\toΛ(1520)\ell^+\ell^-$ decay and deepen our understanding on the $b\to s\ell^+\ell^-$ processes.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures. Accepted by Phys. Rev. D
q-Generalization of the inverse Fourier transform
Creators: name: Jauregui, M.
name: Tsallis, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A wide class of physical distributions appears to follow the q-Gaussian form, which plays the role of attractor according to a Central Limit Theorem generalized in the presence of specific correlations between the relevant random variables. In the realm of this theorem, a q-generalized Fourier transform plays an important role. We introduce here a method which univocally determines a distribution from the knowledge of its q-Fourier transform and some supplementary information. This procedure involves a recently q-generalized Dirac delta and the class of functions on which it acts. The present method conveniently extends the inverse of the standard Fourier transform, and is therefore expected to be very useful in the study of many complex systems.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. To appear in Physics Letters A
Real-time frequency estimation of a qubit without single-shot-readout
Creators: name: Zohar, Inbar
name: Haylock, Ben
name: Romach, Yoav
name: Arshad, Muhammad Junaid
name: Halay, Nir
name: Drucker, Niv
name: Stöhr, Rainer
name: Denisenko, Andrej
name: Cohen, Yonatan
name: Bonato, Cristian
name: Finkler, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum sensors can potentially achieve the Heisenberg limit of sensitivity over a large dynamic range using quantum algorithms. The adaptive phase estimation algorithm (PEA) is one example that was proven to achieve such high sensitivities with single-shot readout (SSR) sensors. However, using the adaptive PEA on a non-SSR sensor is not trivial due to the low contrast nature of the measurement. The standard approach to account for the averaged nature of the measurement in this PEA algorithm is to use a method based on `majority voting'. Although it is easy to implement, this method is more prone to mistakes due to noise in the measurement. To reduce these mistakes, a binomial distribution technique from a batch selection was recently shown theoretically to be superior, as all ranges of outcomes from an averaged measurement are considered. Here we apply, for the first time, real-time non-adaptive PEA on a non-SSR sensor with the binomial distribution approach. We compare the mean square error of the binomial distribution method to the majority-voting approach using the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond at ambient conditions as a non-SSR sensor. Our results suggest that the binomial distribution approach achieves better accuracy with the same sensing times. To further shorten the sensing time, we propose an adaptive algorithm that controls the readout phase and, therefore, the measurement basis set. We show by numerical simulation that adding the adaptive protocol can further improve the accuracy in a future real-time experiment.
description: Accepted to Quantum Sci. Technol
Zero Energy Modes and Statistics of Vortices in Spinful Chiral p-Wave Superfluids
Creators: name: Kawakami, Takuto
name: Mizushima, Takeshi
name: Machida, Kazushige
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possible stable singular vortex (SV) and half-quantum vortex (HQV) of the superfluid $^3$He-A phase confined in restricted geometries are investigated. The associated low-energy excitations are calculated in connection with the possible existence of Majorana zero modes obeying non-Abelian statistics. The energetics between those vortices is carefully examined using the standard Ginzburg-Landau (GL) functional with a strong-coupling correction. The Fermi liquid effect, which is not included in the GL functional, is considered approximately within the London approach. This allows us to determine the stability regions in pressure, temperature, and applied field for SV and HQV. The existence of the Majorana zero mode and its statistics, either Abelian or non-Abelian under braiding of SVs, is studied by solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation for spinful chiral p-wave superfluids at sufficiently low temperatures. We determined several conditions controllable external parameters for realizing the non-Abelian statistics of Majorana zero modes e.g., pressure, field direction, and strength.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 1 of A synergistic effect of variability in estimated glomerular filtration rate with chronic kidney disease on all-cause mortality prediction in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Chang, Yu-Shan
name: Li, Yu-Hsuan
name: Lee, I-Te
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The baseline characteristics and mortality cause of expired patients categorized based on CKD and SD of eGFR.
Is Face Recognition Safe from Realizable Attacks?
Creators: name: Saha, Sanjay
name: Sim, Terence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Face recognition is a popular form of biometric authentication and due to its widespread use, attacks have become more common as well. Recent studies show that Face Recognition Systems are vulnerable to attacks and can lead to erroneous identification of faces. Interestingly, most of these attacks are white-box, or they are manipulating facial images in ways that are not physically realizable. In this paper, we propose an attack scheme where the attacker can generate realistic synthesized face images with subtle perturbations and physically realize that onto his face to attack black-box face recognition systems. Comprehensive experiments and analyses show that subtle perturbations realized on attackers face can create successful attacks on state-of-the-art face recognition systems in black-box settings. Our study exposes the underlying vulnerability posed by the Face Recognition Systems against realizable black-box attacks.
description: 2020 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)
Adaptive Phase Estimation with Squeezed Vacuum Approaching the Quantum Limit
Creators: name: Rodríguez-García, M. A.
name: Becerra, F. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase estimation plays a central role in communications, sensing, and information processing. Quantum correlated states, such as squeezed states, enable phase estimation beyond the shot-noise limit, and in principle approach the ultimate quantum limit in precision, when paired with optimal quantum measurements. However, physical realizations of optimal quantum measurements for optical phase estimation with quantum-correlated states are still unknown. Here we address this problem by introducing an adaptive Gaussian measurement strategy for optical phase estimation with squeezed vacuum states that, by construction, approaches the quantum limit in precision. This strategy builds from a comprehensive set of locally optimal POVMs through rotations and homodyne measurements and uses the Adaptive Quantum State Estimation framework for optimizing the adaptive measurement process, which, under certain regularity conditions, guarantees asymptotic optimality for this quantum parameter estimation problem. As a result, the adaptive phase estimation strategy based on locally-optimal homodyne measurements achieves the quantum limit within the phase interval of $[0, π/2)$. Furthermore, we generalize this strategy by including heterodyne measurements, enabling phase estimation across the full range of phases from $[0, π)$, where squeezed vacuum allows for unambiguous phase encoding. Remarkably, for this phase interval, which is the maximum range of phases that can be encoded in squeezed vacuum, this estimation strategy maintains an asymptotic quantum-optimal performance, representing a significant advancement in quantum metrology.
description: 23 pages, 11 figures
(A class of) Hodge duality operators over the quantum SU(2)
Creators: name: Zampini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the exterior algebra over the quantum SU(2) coming from the four dimensional bicovariant calculus à la Woronowicz we introduce, using sesquilinear contraction maps, a class of metrics and Hodge duality operators, and compare this formulation with the previous ones presented in the literature.
description: v2, 2 references added. 18 pages
Optimizing optical potentials with physics-inspired learning algorithms
Creators: name: Calzavara, Martino
name: Kuriatnikov, Yevhenii
name: Deutschmann-Olek, Andreas
name: Motzoi, Felix
name: Erne, Sebastian
name: Kugi, Andreas
name: Calarco, Tommaso
name: Schmiedmayer, Jörg
name: Prüfer, Maximilian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present our new experimental and theoretical framework which combines a broadband superluminescent diode (SLED/SLD) with fast learning algorithms to provide speed and accuracy improvements for the optimization of 1D optical dipole potentials, here generated with a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD). To characterize the setup and potential speckle patterns arising from coherence, we compare the superluminescent diode to a single-mode laser by investigating interference properties. We employ Machine Learning (ML) tools to train a physics-inspired model acting as a digital twin of the optical system predicting the behavior of the optical apparatus including all its imperfections. Implementing an iterative algorithm based on Iterative Learning Control (ILC) we optimize optical potentials an order of magnitude faster than heuristic optimization methods. We compare iterative model-based offline optimization and experimental feedback-based online optimization. Our methods provide a new route to fast optimization of optical potentials which is relevant for the dynamical manipulation of ultracold gases.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Submillimetre polarization of the Crab Nebula
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Daniel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) have been fundamental in cosmology for more than 50 years. Many discoveries have been enabled by groundbreaking CMB experiments, including the consolidation of the big bang theory and the determination of the main parameters that describe our Universe. However, there is still more that we can learn from the CMB. In particular, there is the potential to better understand whether the early Universe underwent a period of inflation. To do this we need higher precision measurements of CMB polarization, particularly to detect this so-called 𝐵 modes. Measuring 𝐵 modes is extremely hard for several different reasons, such as instrumental challenges, foreground contamination and weak signal. B-mode experiments, therefore, must be calibrated extraordinarily well. One possible calibration method is to use known sources in the sky as polarization references. The goal of this study is to provide improved calibration source data, at a wavelength of 850𝝻m. This could help future CMB experiments, including the Japanese-led Lite (Light) satellite for the studies of B-mode polarization and Inflation from cosmic background Radiation Detection (LiteBIRD). We therefore analyse the submillimetre polarization properties of the Crab Nebula, which is the brightest polarized object in the sky at submillimetre wavelengths. We would like to determine its polarization angle to a precision of 0.1° for 850µm light, to fulfill the requirements for CMB 𝐵 modes. We use data from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) and its Submillimeter Common-User Bolometer Array 2 (SCUBA-2) 10,240-pixel bolometer camera. We discuss the details of the data reduction using JCMT's software Starlink, and reach the final value of 141(±16)°, in equatorial coordinates, for the polarization angle of the Crab Nebula. We see large variations in the polarization angle between subsets of the data, indicating that the measurement is dominated by systematic uncertainties (rather than statistical). Although we recognize that there may still be improvements to be made in the reduction process, our conclusion is that it will be extremely challenging to achieve the desired precision.
Approximate MIMO Iterative Processing with Adjustable Complexity Requirements
Creators: name: Nikitopoulos, Konstantinos
name: Ascheid, Gerd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Targeting always the best achievable bit error rate (BER) performance in iterative receivers operating over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels may result in significant waste of resources, especially when the achievable BER is orders of magnitude better than the target performance (e.g., under good channel conditions and at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)). In contrast to the typical iterative schemes, a practical iterative decoding framework that approximates the soft-information exchange is proposed which allows reduced complexity sphere and channel decoding, adjustable to the transmission conditions and the required bit error rate. With the proposed approximate soft information exchange the performance of the exact soft information can still be reached with significant complexity gains.
description: The final version of this paper appears in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
Combinatorial knot contact homology and transverse knots
Creators: name: Ng, Lenhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D42, 57R17, 57M27

description: We give a combinatorial treatment of transverse homology, a new invariant of transverse knots that is an extension of knot contact homology. The theory comes in several flavors, including one that is an invariant of topological knots and produces a three-variable knot polynomial related to the A-polynomial. We provide a number of computations of transverse homology that demonstrate its effectiveness in distinguishing transverse knots, including knots that cannot be distinguished by the Heegaard Floer transverse invariants or other previous invariants.
description: v2: 34 pages, minor corrections suggested by referee
Strong lensing constraints on primordial black holes as a dark matter candidate
Creators: name: Dike, Veronica
name: Gilman, Daniel
name: Treu, Tommaso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter could comprise, at least in part, primordial black holes (PBH). To test this hypothesis, we present an approach to constrain the PBH mass ($M_{\rm{PBH}}$) and mass fraction ($f_{\rm{PBH}}$) from the flux ratios of quadruply imaged quasars. Our approach uses an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) forward modeling technique to directly sample the posterior distribution of $M_{\rm{PBH}}$ and $f_{\rm{PBH}}$, while marginalizing over the subhalo mass function amplitude, spatial distribution, and the size of the lensed source. We apply our method to 11 quadruply-imaged quasars and derive a new constraint on the intermediate-mass area of PBH parameter space $10^4 $M$_{\odot}
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted to MNRAS
The CMB lensing imprint of cosmic voids detected in the WISE-Pan-STARRS luminous red galaxy catalog
Creators: name: Camacho-Ciurana, G.
name: Lee, P.
name: Arsenov, N.
name: Kovács, A.
name: Szapudi, I.
name: Csabai, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cross-correlation of cosmic voids with the lensing convergence ($κ$) map of the CMB fluctuations offers a powerful tool to refine our understanding of the dark sector in the consensus cosmological model. Our principal aim is to compare the lensing signature of our galaxy data set with simulations based on the concordance model and characterize the results with an $A_κ$ consistency parameter. In particular, our measurements contribute to the understanding of the "lensing-is-low" tension of the $Λ$CDM model. We selected luminous red galaxies from the WISE-Pan-STARSS data set, allowing an extended 14,200 deg$^2$ sky area, that offers a more precise measurement compared to previous studies. We created 2D and 3D void catalogs to cross-correlate their locations with the Planck lensing map and studied their average imprint signal using a stacking methodology. Applying the same procedure, we also generated a mock catalog from the WebSky simulation for comparison. The 2D void analysis revealed good agreement with the standard cosmological model with $A_κ\approx1.06 \pm 0.08$, i.e. $S/N=13.3$, showing a higher $S/N$ than previous studies using voids detected in the Dark Energy Survey data set. The 3D void analysis exhibited a lower $S/N$ and demonstrated worse agreement with our mock catalog than the 2D voids. These deviations might be attributed to limitations in the mock catalog, such as imperfections in the LRG selection, as well as a potential asymmetry between the North and South patches of the WISE-Pan-STARSS data set in terms of data quality. Overall, we present a significant detection of a CMB lensing signal associated with cosmic voids, largely consistent with the concordance model. Future analyses using even larger data sets also hold great promise of further sharpening these results, given their complementary nature to large-scale structure analyses.
description: 10 pages, 6 figure, submitted to A&A
Scalar--flat Kähler metrics with conformal Bianchi V symmetry
Creators: name: Dunajski, Maciej
name: Plansangkate, Prim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We provide an affirmative answer to a question posed by Tod \cite{Tod:1995b}, and construct all four-dimensional Kahler metrics with vanishing scalar curvature which are invariant under the conformal action of Bianchi V group. The construction is based on the combination of twistor theory and the isomonodromic problem with two double poles. The resulting metrics are non-diagonal in the left-invariant basis and are explicitly given in terms of Bessel functions and their integrals. We also make a connection with the LeBrun ansatz, and characterise the associated solutions of the SU(\infty) Toda equation by the existence a non-abelian two-dimensional group of point symmetries.
description: Dedicated to Maciej Przanowski on the occasion of his 65th birthday. Minor corrections. To appear in CQG
Random walks reaching against all odds the other side of the quarter plane
Creators: name: van Leeuwaarden, Johan S. H.
name: Raschel, Kilian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a homogeneous random walk in the quarter plane with nearest-neighbor transitions, starting from some state $(i_0,j_0)$, we study the event that the walk reaches the vertical axis, before reaching the horizontal axis. We derive an exact expression for the probability of this event, and derive an asymptotic expression for the case when $i_0$ becomes large, a situation in which the event becomes highly unlikely. The exact expression follows from the solution of a boundary value problem and is in terms of an integral that involves a conformal gluing function. The asymptotic expression follows from the asymptotic evaluation of this integral. Our results find applications in a model for nucleosome shifting, the voter model and the asymmetric exclusion process.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Journal of Applied Probability