cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Some Agronomic Aspects of Seed Chalcid Bruchophagus Roddi Gussakovsii Resistance in Alfalfas
Creators: name: Thomas, James H.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1963

description: Previous studies have indicated that certain alfalfa varieties and clones are more resistant than others to alfalfa seed chalcid damage. This resistance varies in all cases and data on infestations indicate that agronomic characteristics may be responsible for some of the apparent resistance. Since this is a major pest in alfalfa seed producing areas, and cultural and chemical controls have been essentially ineffective, it was decided to determine if resistance was associated with certain pod characteristics in order to find a partial solution to the problem.
Eesti rahvastik 2011. aasta loenduse andmetel
Creators: name: Tiit, Ene-Margit
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2013
Subjects: rahvaarv, rändesaldo, loomulik iive, sündimus, summaarne sündimuskordaja, oodatav eluiga, tervena elatud aastate arv, imikusuremus

description: Rahvaloenduse esmaste tulemuste taustal saab käsitleda Eestis viimase 22 aasta jooksul (alates 1989. aasta rahvaloendusest) toimunud rahvastikuprotsesse. Selle aja jooksul on Eesti rahvaarv kahanenud 17% võrra. Selle põhjused on aktiivne mitte-eestlaste väljaränne iseseisvuse taastamise eel (selle tulemusena kasvas eestlaste osakaal rahvastikus 61,5%-lt 79,7%-ni), negatiivne iive ja jätkuvalt negatiivne rändesaldo. Viimase kümnendi jooksul on rahvastiku demograafilises arengus toimunud olulisi positiivseid nihkeid: oodatav eluiga on kasvanud viimase 11 aasta jooksul üle 5 aasta, loomulik iive on lähenenud nullile ja imikusuremus langenud alla Euroopa Liidu keskmist taset.

Eesti Arst 2013; 92(3):139–144
description: Eesti Arst, Märts 2013
Carrier-envelope offset stable, coherently combined ytterbium-doped fiber CPA delivering 1 kW of average power
Creators: name: Shestaev, Evgeny
name: Hädrich, Steffen
name: Walther, Nico
name: Eidam, Tino
name: Klenke, Arno
name: Seres, Imre
name: Bengery, Zsolt
name: Jójárt, Peter
name: Várallyay, Zoltan
name: Börzsönyi, Ádam
name: Limpert, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a carrier-envelope offset (CEO) stable ytterbium-doped fiber chirped-pulse amplification system employing the technology of coherent beam combining and delivering more than 1 kW of average power at a pulse repetition rate of 80 MHz. The CEO stability of the system is 220 mrad rms, characterized out-of-loop with an f-to-2f interferometer in a frequency offset range of 10 Hz to 20 MHz. The high-power amplification system boosts the average power of the CEO stable oscillator by five orders of magnitude while increasing the phase noise by only 100 mrad. No evidence of CEO noise deterioration due to coherent beam combining is found. Low-frequency CEO fluctuations at the chirped-pulse amplifier are suppressed by a slow loop feedback. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a coherently combined laser system delivering an outstanding average power and high CEO stability at the same time.
Kinetic Mixing as the Origin of Light Dark Scales
Creators: name: Cheung, Clifford
name: Ruderman, Joshua T.
name: Wang, Lian-Tao
name: Yavin, Itay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a model in which supersymmetric weak scale dark matter is charged under a U(1)_d dark gauge symmetry. Kinetic mixing between U(1)_d and hypercharge generates the appropriate hierarchy of scales needed to explain PAMELA and ATIC with a GeV scale force carrier and DAMA (or INTEGRAL) using the proposals of inelastic (or, respectively, exciting) dark matter. Because of the extreme simplicity of this setup, observational constraints lead to unambiguous determination of the model parameters. In particular, the DAMA scattering cross section is directly related to the size of the hypercharge D-term vacuum expectation value. The known relic abundance of DM can be used to fix the ratio of the dark sector coupling to the dark matter mass. Finally, the recent observation of cosmic ray positron and electron excesses can be used to fix the mass of the dark matter through the observation of a shoulder in the spectrum and the size of the kinetic mixing by fitting to the rate. These parameters can be used to make further predictions, which can be checked at future direct detection, indirect detection, as well as collider experiments.
description: 4 pages, 2 plots, published version, some clarifications added
title: Factors Affecting the Price of Turkeys and Their Usefulness in Decision Making by Utah Turkey Producers
Creators: name: Turley, Anthon H.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1963

description: Production of turkeys in Utah has had a rapid growth since its beginning a few decades ago. In 1929 there were only 226,000 birds sold by Utah producers and in 1960 there were 2,798,000 birds sold. Over this 31 year period of time production has increased 12 times.
MISO: Legacy-compatible Privacy-preserving Single Sign-on using Trusted Execution Environments
Creators: name: Xu, Rongwu
name: Yang, Sen
name: Zhang, Fan
name: Fang, Zhixuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Single sign-on (SSO) allows users to authenticate to third-party applications through a central identity provider. Despite their wide adoption, deployed SSO systems suffer from privacy problems such as user tracking by the identity provider. While numerous solutions have been proposed by academic papers, none were adopted because they require modifying identity providers, a significant adoption barrier in practice. Solutions do get deployed, however, fail to eliminate major privacy issues. Leveraging Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs), we propose MISO, the first privacy-preserving SSO system that is completely compatible with existing identity providers (such as Google and Facebook). This means MISO can be easily integrated into existing SSO ecosystem today and benefit end users. MISO also enables new functionality that standard SSO cannot offer: MISO allows users to leverage multiple identity providers in a single SSO workflow, potentially in a threshold fashion, to better protect user accounts. We fully implemented MISO based on Intel SGX. Our evaluation shows that MISO can handle high user concurrency with practical performance.
description: Accepted to IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (Euro S&P 2023)
title: Evaluating the Potential Safety Benefits of Electronic Hours-of-Service Recorders [Research Brief]
Creators: name: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
Publisher: name: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/01jt5mq34
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2014
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91993
subject: Motor carriers
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/93227
subject: Commercial vehicles
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/88571
subject: Hours of labor
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/94383
subject: Data recorders
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/93917
subject: Electronic equipment
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90964
subject: Traffic violations
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91979
subject: For hire carriers
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91741
subject: Commercial drivers
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91813
subject: Fatigue (Physiological condition)
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97333
subject: Data logging
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90602
subject: Highway safety

description: The study quantitatively evaluated whether trucks

equipped with electronic hours-of-service recorders

(EHSRs) have a lower (or higher) crash and hours-of-service (HOS) violation risk than those without

EHSRs. The safety benefits of EHSRs were

quantitatively evaluated by comparing the crash risk

for two exposure groups (i.e., EHSRs were

considered to improve safety if the trucks with

EHSRs showed a lower crash risk than trucks

without EHSRs).

This project conducted a literature synthesis on

EHSRs and an effectiveness evaluation on EHSRs.

Data were obtained through a third-party vendor

that compiled previously-generated compliance data

regarding participating motor carriers. For this

project, EHSRs were defined as any device that

electronically records drivers’ HOS. There have

been many variations of EHSRs over the years,

such as automatic onboard recording devices

(AOBRDs), electronic onboard recorders (EOBRs),

and functions included in fleet management

systems. Each of these devices has specific

functionality that may or may not be embodied by

the term EHSR
Hyperspectral photoluminescence and reflectance microscopy of 2D materials
Creators: name: Tebbe, David
name: Schütte, Marc
name: Kundu, Baisali
name: Beschoten, Bernd
name: Sahoo, Prasana K.
name: Waldecker, Lutz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical micro-spectroscopy is an invaluable tool for studying and characterizing samples ranging from classical semiconductors to low-dimensional materials and heterostructures. To date, most implementations are based on point-scanning techniques, which are flexible and reliable, but slow. Here, we describe a setup for highly parallel acquisition of hyperspectral reflection and photoluminescence microscope images using a push-broom technique. Spatial as well as spectral distortions are characterized and their digital corrections are presented. We demonstrate close-to diffraction-limited spatial imaging performance and a spectral resolution limited by the spectrograph. The capabilities of the setup are demonstrated by recording a hyperspectral photoluminescence map of a CVD-grown MoSe$_2$-WSe$_2$ lateral heterostructure, from which we extract the luminescence energies, intensities and peak widths across the interface.
First observation of neutral bremsstrahlung electroluminescence in liquid argon
Creators: name: Bondar, A.
name: Buzulutskov, A.
name: Frolov, E.
name: Borisova, E.
name: Nosov, V.
name: Oleynikov, V.
name: Sokolov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent discovery of additional mechanism of electroluminescence (EL) in noble gases due to the neutral bremsstrahlung (NBrS) effect led to a prediction that NBrS EL should be present in noble liquids as well. A theoretical model of NBrS EL in noble liquids was developed accordingly in the frameworks of Cohen-Lekner and Atrazhev. In this work, we confirm this prediction: for the first time, visible-range EL has been observed in liquid argon at electric fields reaching 90~kV/cm, using Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) and Thick GEM (THGEM) structures. Absolute light yields of the EL were measured and found to be in excellent agreement with the theory, provided that the momentum-transfer cross section of electron scattering is used for calculation of NBrS cross section (instead of the energy-transfer one).
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Thermal Phase Transition in Two-Dimensional Disordered Superconductors: Kosterlitz-Thouless vs Percolation
Creators: name: Erez, Amir
name: Meir, Yigal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weakly disordered two-dimensional superconductors undergo a Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition, where at a critical temperature vortices proliferate through the system and destroy the superconducting (SC) order. On the other hand, it was suggested that for large disorder the systems separates into regions of high SC order, and it is the percolation of coherence between these regions that is lost at the critical temperature. Here we demonstrate that these two descriptions are just the dual of each other. A vortex causes loss of local correlations, and thus the loss of percolation of correlations is concomitant with percolation of vortices on the dual lattice, in the perpendicular direction, i.e. the KT transition.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Veebipõhine ligipääs isiklikele terviseandmetele: patsiendiportaalide kasutamise ülevaade
Creators: name: Ross, Peeter
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2013
Subjects: tervise infosüsteem, terviseandmed, elektrooniline haiguslugu, patsiendiportaal, patsiendi võimestamine

description: Alates 2008. aasta lõpust on Eestis igal inimesel olnud võimalik oma terviseandmeid interneti kaudu riiklikust tervise infosüsteemist vaadata. Tervise infosüsteemi ühe teenusena võimaldab patsiendiportaal turvalist veebipõhist ligipääsu isiku enda terviseandmetele. Neid andmeid on sinna kogutud selle järgi, kuidas inimese raviarst või tervishoiuasutus neid tervise infosüsteemi on saatnud.

2013. aasta veebruariks oli tervise infosüsteemis andmeid veidi rohkem kui ühe miljoni isiku kohta. Oma andmeid on patsiendiportaali kaudu ID-kaarti kasutades vaadanud pisut rohkem kui 50 000 inimest, mis moodustab ligi 5% süsteemis andmeid omavatest isikutest ja 3,8% kogu riigi rahvastikust. Ehkki esmapilgul tundub kasutajate arv suhteliselt väike, on sellise teenusega Eesti üks vähestest riikidest, kus inimesele veebipõhist ligipääsu võimaldatakse, ning võrreldes nende Euroopa Liidu riikidega, kus see teenus on olemas, edestab Eesti neid riike kasutajate suhte poolest mitu korda. Samas on tervise infosüsteemi kasutajate osakaal Eestis märksa väiksem kui 9 miljoni kliendiga USA kindlustusfirma Kaiser Permanente infosüsteemis. Üheks erinevuse põhjuseks on asjaolu, et riiklikud patsiendiportaalid on tehtud põhiliselt andmete vaatamiseks, organisatsioonipõhised sisaldavad aga rohkem inimesele suunatud teenuseid. Vaatamata Eesti õigusaktidest tulenevale kohustusele saata isikut puudutavad dokumendid tervise infosüsteemi, ei edasta arstid ega raviasutused alati kõiki isiku terviseandmeid kesksesse infosüsteemi. Seetõttu on paljude inimeste andmed veebipõhiselt kättesaadavad ainult osaliselt või üldse mitte ning see põhjustab õigustatult kasutajate pahameelt.
 Käesolevas ülevaateartiklis on käsitletud Eesti tervise-infosüsteemi kogutud terviseandmete koosseisu ja ootusi, mis on pandud patsiendi ligipääsu võimaldamisele nendele andmetele, ning võrreldud sarnaste lahenduste kasutamist Euroopas ja Põhja-Ameerikas. Samuti on käsitletud vajalikke arendustöid, et tulevikus muuta patsiendiportaal inimestele atraktiivsemaks. Arutletud on ka Eesti E-Tervise Sihtasutuse loodava uue patsiendiportaali funktsioonide üle.

Eesti Arst 2013; 92(3):145–151
description: Eesti Arst, Märts 2013
Observation of spatial quantum correlations induced by multiple scattering of non-classical light
Creators: name: Smolka, Stephan
name: Huck, Alexander
name: Andersen, Ulrik L.
name: Lagendijk, Ad
name: Lodahl, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the experimental realization of spatial quantum correlations of photons that are induced by multiple scattering of squeezed light. The quantum correlation relates photons propagating along two different light trajectories through the random medium and is infinite in range. Both positive and negative spatial quantum correlations are observed when varying the quantum state incident to the multiple scattering medium, and the magnitude of the correlations is controlled by the number of photons. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with recent theoretical proposals by implementing the full quantum model of multiple scattering.
Fluctuations of the energy density and intensity for arbitrary objects in an arbitrary environment
Creators: name: Herz, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I apply the scattering approach within the framework of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics to derive the variances and mean values of the energy density and intensity for a system of an arbitrary object in an arbitrary environment. To evaluate the temporal bunching character of the energy density and intensity, I determine the ratio of their variances with respect to their mean values. I explicitly evaluate these ratios for the cases of vacuum, a half-space in vacuum, and a sphere in vacuum. Eventually, I extend the applicability of this theory to the case of more than one arbitrary object, independent of the geometrical shapes and materials.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
Pumping properties of the hybrid single-electron transistor in dissipative environment
Creators: name: Lotkhov, S. V.
name: Kemppinen, A.
name: Kafanov, S.
name: Pekola, J. P.
name: Zorin, A. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pumping characteristics were studied of the hybrid normal-metal/superconductor single-electron transistor embedded in a high-ohmic environment. Two 3 micrometer-long microstrip resistors of CrOx with a sum resistance R=80kOhm were placed adjacent to this hybrid device. Substantial improvement of pumping and reduction of the subgap leakage were observed in the low-MHz range. At higher frequencies 0.1-1GHz, a slowdown of tunneling due to the enhanced damping and electron heating negatively affected the pumping, as compared to the reference bare devices.
description: 3 pages 4 figures
title: Milk Bases in Utah and Their Effect on Total Supply of Market Milk
Creators: name: Ward, Harold O.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1963

description: Some of the most striking changes in the production and marketing of dairy products have occurred since World War II. Dairy farming, for instance, has become more specialized and more commercial. Modern techniques of refrigeration, bulk handling, and transportation have made it possible for market milk to be shipped many miles without appreciable loss of quality.
Toimeainepõhine retsept ja ravi tulemuslikkus
Creators: name: Laius, Ott
name: Irs, Alar
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2013
Subjects: toimeainepõhine retsept, geneeriline ravim, ravisoostumus, farmakokineetika, bioekvivalentsus

description: Eestis peab ravimiretsepti kirjutama toimeainepõhiselt. Ravimi valjakirjutaja võib kasutada ravimpreparaadi nimetust juhul, kui ta hindab ravimi asendamist teise sama toimeainet samas koguses ja ravimivormis sisaldava ravimpreparaadiga patsiendile meditsiiniliselt sobimatuks (1). Sellisel juhul võib retseptile kirjutada ravimpreparaadi nime ning lisaks tuleb markida, et selle asendamine ei ole lubatud. Samuti tuleb tervishoiuteenuse osutamist tõendavasse dokumenti kirjutada asendamise keelamise põhjendus ja selgitada seda patsiendile.

Eesti Arst 2013; 92(3):157–160
description: Eesti Arst, Märts 2013
title: A Method of Estimating Minimum Dairy Farm Sizes for Specific Income Levels
Creators: name: Russell, K. Dale
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: The purpose of this paper is to calculate a method of estimating minimum dairy farm sizes for specific income levels. A survey of a sample of Utah dairy farmers was conducted to obtain data to calculate a long run average cost schedule. Dairy farmers who had just recently built new facilities and with varying sized herds were interviewed. Individual costs were studied to establish their effect on the long run average cost curve. Different average revenue curves for varying prices and production levels were used to establish minimum cow numbers needed to give specified incomes and growth potentials. Marginal analysis was used to establish the most efficient methods of growth, i.e., cow numbers, herd production and blend price.
Ertapeneem võib vähendada valproehappe ravitoimet
Creators: name: Lass, Jana
name: Tamme, Kadri
name: Väli, Toomas
name: Starkopf, Joel
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2013
Subjects: siirdamisjärgne immunosupressioon, valproehape, ravimite koostoime

description: Eesti Arst 2013; 92(3):152–154
description: Eesti Arst, Märts 2013
Learning Disentangled Behaviour Patterns for Wearable-based Human Activity Recognition
Creators: name: Su, Jie
name: Wen, Zhenyu
name: Lin, Tao
name: Guan, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In wearable-based human activity recognition (HAR) research, one of the major challenges is the large intra-class variability problem. The collected activity signal is often, if not always, coupled with noises or bias caused by personal, environmental, or other factors, making it difficult to learn effective features for HAR tasks, especially when with inadequate data. To address this issue, in this work, we proposed a Behaviour Pattern Disentanglement (BPD) framework, which can disentangle the behavior patterns from the irrelevant noises such as personal styles or environmental noises, etc. Based on a disentanglement network, we designed several loss functions and used an adversarial training strategy for optimization, which can disentangle activity signals from the irrelevant noises with the least dependency (between them) in the feature space. Our BPD framework is flexible, and it can be used on top of existing deep learning (DL) approaches for feature refinement. Extensive experiments were conducted on four public HAR datasets, and the promising results of our proposed BPD scheme suggest its flexibility and effectiveness. This is an open-source project, and the code can be found at http://github.com/Jie-su/BPD
description: Accepted to ACM IMWUT 2022
List 3-Coloring on Comb-Convex and Caterpillar-Convex Bipartite Graphs
Creators: name: Şen, Banu Baklan
name: Diner, Öznur Yaşar
name: Erlebach, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: F.2.2
subject: 05C85

description: Given a graph $G=(V, E)$ and a list of available colors $L(v)$ for each vertex $v\in V$, where $L(v) \subseteq \{1, 2, \ldots, k\}$, List $k$-Coloring refers to the problem of assigning colors to the vertices of $G$ so that each vertex receives a color from its own list and no two neighboring vertices receive the same color. The decision version of the problem List $3$-Coloring is NP-complete even for bipartite graphs, and its complexity on comb-convex bipartite graphs has been an open problem. We give a polynomial-time algorithm to solve List $3$-Coloring for caterpillar-convex bipartite graphs, a superclass of comb-convex bipartite graphs. We also give a polynomial-time recognition algorithm for the class of caterpillar-convex bipartite graphs.
description: An extended abstract of the paper appears in the proceedings of the 29th International Computing and Combinatorics Conference (COCOON 2023)
Study of confluence in periodic slow wave structures
Creators: name: McDiarmid, Donald Ralph
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: An analysis of a class of corrugated structures is given for the purpose of determining the extent to which slot evanescent modes affect the shape of the dispersion curve. The analysis also permits a critical examination of a previous prediction of conditional confluence in this structure. An existing analysis of the cylindrical slot-coupled cavity chain is presented and then extended to include the effect of higher normal modes. The accuracy of this extension is examined experimentally. A discussion of zero-mode conditional confluence based upon this theory is presented. Experimental confirmation of zero-mode confluence is made. The possibility of achieving conditional confluence in the centipede structure and the reversed-loop-coupled cavity chain is discussed. The discussion is based upon an analysis by Bevensee. Two confluence tests are presented to complement the existing one. Finally, a discussion on the usefulness of auto-confluent structures for accelerator applications is presented.
Impacts of symmetry energy slope on the oscillation frequencies of neutron stars with short-range correlation and admixed dark matter
Creators: name: Hong, Bin
name: Ren, ZhongZhou
name: Wu, Chen
name: Mu, XueLing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Oscillation modes of compact stars, in general, can serve as a fingerprint in determining the equation of state (EOS) of dense matter. In this study, we examine the impact of symmetry energy slope ($L$) on the oscillation frequencies of neutron stars (NSs) with nucleon-nucleon short range correlation (SRC) and admixed dark matter (DM) for the first time within the relativistic mean-field theory. By adjusting the $L$, we revise the EOS and coupling parameters in light of the SRC and DM effects, and construct the new sets. The results reveal that NSs containing SRC and DM inside are more likely to satisfy the observational constraints, and we find that smaller $L$ exhibits larger fundamental non-radial and radial frequencies, and that the effect on Large Separation (LG) is also mainly concentrated in the low-mass region. Moreover, we update the linear relationship between the non-radial frequency and mean density, and we further give empirical relations between non-radial and radial frequencies and tidal deformability at different $L$ for 1.4$M_{\odot}$ and 2$M_{\odot}$. These findings will enable us to more effectively confine the NS EOSs, in turn, also provide a strategy to place constraints on the $L$.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures
title: Soil Water Flux Estimates From Streaming Potential and Penta-Needle Heat Pulse Probe Measurements
Creators: name: Szafruga, Pawel J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: Better management of water resources is a growing concern with increasing stress on natural resources. Despite technological improvements in the past decades, a method to instantaneously measure soil water flux remains elusive, especially at a resolution adequate for monitoring natural processes (i.e. 1 mm d-1). The objectives of this research were to evaluate and improve two emerging methods for water flux estimates, 1) streaming potential and 2) heat pulse measurements, as tools to perform at these low flux rates. Streaming potential measures a voltage between two electrodes resulting from water with charged particles generating a current as it flows between the charged surfaces of the soil. Heat pulse measurements, performed with a penta-needle heat pulse probe (PHPP), measure the transport rate and direction of a heat pulse as it propagates from a central needle to surrounding thermistors through soil. Water moving past this sensor carries heat and this allows estimation of water flux from measured heat flux. Streaming potential experimentation demonstrated a clear voltage response to low flow rates. Unfortunately, inconsistent results coupled with measurement complications – susceptibility to electromagnetic noise, drifting, etc. – led to difficulties when trying to establish a congruent relationship between flow rate and voltage behavior. We concluded that the necessary steps to potentially improve measurement consistency made streaming potential less desirable to pursue compared to other emerging tools for water flux measurements. Heat pulse work focused on modifying design parameters to improve low flux rate determination. We tested the effect of increasing heater needle diameter (from 2 mm to 5 mm), increasing heating time (from 8 to 24 and 40 seconds), and doubling heat input (from 120 W m-1 to 240 W m-1) in saturated sand. Results indicated that using larger heater needles and higher heat input improve flux estimation but increasing heating time resulted in marginal improvement. By using a PHPP with a 5 mm heater needle, 24 second heating time, and 240 W m-1 heating input, fluxes were resolved down to 1 cm d-1. Refinement of calibration procedures and inconsistencies between probes used must be resolved if measurement resolution is to be improved further.
An improved Compton parameter map of thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect from Planck PR4 data
Creators: name: Chandran, Jyothis
name: Remazeilles, Mathieu
name: Barreiro, R. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Taking advantage of the reduced levels of noise and systematics in the data of the latest Planck release (PR4, also known as NPIPE), we construct a new all-sky Compton-$y$ parameter map (hereafter, $y$-map) of the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect from the Planck PR4 data. A tailored Needlet Internal Linear Combination (NILC) pipeline, first validated on detailed sky simulations, is applied to the nine single-frequency Planck PR4 sky maps, ranging from $30$ to $857$ GHz, to produce the PR4 $y$-map over 98% of the sky. Using map comparisons, angular power spectra and one-point statistics we show that the PR4 NILC $y$-map is of improved quality compared to that of the previous PR2 release. The new $y$-map shows reduced levels of large-scale striations associated with $1/f$ noise in the scan direction. Regions near the Galactic plane also show lower residual contamination by Galactic thermal dust emission. At small angular scales, the residual contamination by thermal noise and cosmic infrared background (CIB) emission is found to be reduced by around 7% and 34%, respectively, in the PR4 $y$-map. The PR4 NILC $y$-map is made publicly available for astrophysical and cosmological analyses of the thermal SZ effect.
description: 17 pages, 17 figures. Public data products available in External Maps section of Planck Legacy Archive (see https://pla.esac.esa.int/#maps ) and at Zenodo (see https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7940376 ). Updated to match the version published by MNRAS
Posetal Diagrams for Logically-Structured Semistrict Higher Categories
Creators: name: Sarti, Chiara
name: Vicary, Jamie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We now have a wide range of proof assistants available for compositional reasoning in monoidal or higher categories which are free on some generating signature. However, none of these allow us to represent categorical operations such as products, equalizers, and similar logical techniques. Here we show how the foundational mathematical formalism of one such proof assistant can be generalized, replacing the conventional notion of string diagram as a geometrical entity living inside an n-cube with a posetal variant that allows exotic branching structure. We show that these generalized diagrams have richer behaviour with respect to categorical limits, and give an algorithm for computing limits in this setting, with a view towards future application in proof assistants.
description: In Proceedings ACT 2023, arXiv:2312.08138. Reformatted paper
Ülevaade unetuse epidemioloogiast
Creators: name: Hion, Tuuliki
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2004
Subjects: unetus, epidemioloogia, elukvaliteet

description: Unetuse levimuse hindamisel lahknevad tulemused sõltuvalt sellest, kas arvestatakse vaid unehäiretega kaasnevaid  sümptomeid või ka  sellega kaasneda võivaid päevase  tegevuse häireid. Unetus on vastavalt kas üht kolmandikku või 6–10% täiskasvanud elanikkonnast haarav  seisund,  millel  on  laialdane  komorbiidsus.  Unetuse  esinemine  on  riskiks depressiooni ja erinevate kehaliste haiguste kujunemiseks. Elukvaliteet on unetuse puhul halvenenud  sõltumatult  komorbiidsetest  seisunditest. Unetuse  varane  äratundmine  aitab vähendada mitmeid terviseriske.
description: Eesti Arst, Aprill 2004
Toimeainepõhiste piirhindade mõju Eesti Haigekassa ravimihüvitiste eelarvele ja ravimitarbijatele
Creators: name: Sonnenberg, Andrus
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2004

description: Enamikus  arenenud  riikides  on  probleemiks  ravimikulude  kiire kasv.  Selle  põhjuseks on  uute  ja  kallimate  ravimite  jõudmine  turule,  ravimite  kättesaadavuse  paranemine, ambulatoorse  ravi  osakaalu  kasv  ning  rahvastiku  vananemine.  Ravimite  piirhindade
(PH)  kehtestamine  on  üks  võimalus  kontrollida  ravimikulutusi. Eestis  kehtestati ravimite  PH  süsteem  2003.  aastast.  Esimesed  kogemused  näitavad,  et  see  on võimaldanud  oluliselt  vähendada  haigekassa  kulutusi  ravimite  kompenseerimiseks.
Samal ajal on aga suurenenud patsientide kulutused ravimitele.
description: Eesti Arst, Aprill 2004
Strong attentional modulation of V1/V2 activity implements a robust, contrast-invariant control mechanism for selective information processing
Creators: name: Rausch, Lukas-Paul
name: Schünemann, Maik
name: Drebitz, Eric
name: Harnack, Daniel
name: Ernst, Udo A.
name: Kreiter, Andreas K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 92-92C20

description: When selective attention is devoted to one of multiple stimuli within receptive fields of neurons in visual area V4, cells respond as if only the attended stimulus was present. The underlying neural mechanisms are still debated, but computational studies suggest that a small rate advantage for neural populations passing the attended signal to V4 suffices to establish such selective processing. We challenged this theory by pairing stimuli with different luminance contrasts, such that attention on a weak target stimulus would have to overcome a large activation difference to a strong distracter. In this situation we found unexpectedly large attentional target facilitation in macaque V1/V2 which far surpasses known magnitudes of attentional modulation. Target facilitation scales with contrast difference and combines with distracter suppression to achieve the required rate advantage. These effects can be explained by a contrast-independent attentional control mechanism with excitatory centre and suppressive surround targeting divisive normalization units.
description: 53 pages, 8 figures, research article
Stress tervisehäirete põhjustajana
Creators: name: Järvelaid, Mari
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2004
Subjects: stress, posttraumaatiline stresshäire, sõltuvus psühhoaktiivsetest ainetest

description: H. Selye järeldas, et stressil on oma osa kõikide haiguste etioloogias, seega on haigused mittetoimetulek stressoritega, mille tagajärjel kujunevad tervisehäired. H. Selye arvates  ei  kahjusta  meid  stress  ise,  vaid  vastusrektsioon  sellele.  Psühholoogid väidavad,  et mitte  kunagi  varem  pole  inimkonna  ajaloos  olnud  sellist  survet  olla sotsiaalselt  atraktiivne  kui  tänapäeval. Haiguste  ja  soovimatu sotsiaalse  käitumise põhjustajaks  on  sotsiaalsed  suhted,  eetilised  dilemmad  ja  keskkond.  Stress  on uimastisõltuvuse tekkes oluline etioloogiline tegur.
description: Eesti Arst, Aprill 2004
Ravimiresistentsus Eestis
Creators: name: Karki, Tõnis
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2004
Subjects: antibiootikumid, ravimiresistentsus, hospitaalinfektsioon

description: Antibiootikumid  on  muutnud  meie  maailmapilti.  Suur  osa  nakkusliku  iseloomuga haigustest, mille esinemissagedus oli veel XX sajandi esimesel poolel suur, on tänapäeva meditsiinis pigem marginaalse tähendusega. Valitseb mõttelaad, et enamik infektsioone on ravitavad. Üles on kasvanud mitu põlvkonda, kelle  jaoksnakkushaiguse  tähendus  ei ole enam  seesama,  mis  oli  meie  esivanematele.
description: Eesti Arst, Aprill 2004
Depressioon ja sotsiaalne toimimine
Creators: name: Aluoja, Anu
name: Šlik, Jakov
name: Vasar, Veiko
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2004
Subjects: depressioon, sotsiaal-majanduslikud tegurid, rahulolu

description: Depressiooniga  seostub  halvem  sotsiaalne  toimimine.  Probleemiks  võib  olla  nii objektiivne  igapäevarollidega  hakkamasaamine  kui  ka  vähene  subjektiivne rahulolu.  Töös  on  analüüsitud  Eesti  rahvastiku  andmete  alusel depressioonisümptomite  seoseid  objektiivse majandusliku  toimimise,  lähisuhete ja rahuloluga ning selgitatud soolisi erinevusi depressiooni  ja  toimimise seostes. Töö  andmestik  on  pärit  Eesti  terviseuuringust  1996–1997.  Selgus,  et  Eestis seostub depressiivsus pigem väiksema  jooksva  sissetuleku kui vähemapüsivara omamisega. Tugevad seosed  ilmnesid depressiivsusel väheste  lähisuhete ja mitut eluvaldkonda  hõlmava  kehva  rahuloluga.  Mõningaid  soolisi  erinevusi  ilmnes depressiivsuse seostes suhetega.
description: Eesti Arst, Aprill 2004
HST/NICMOS detection of HR 8799 b in 1998
Creators: name: Lafrenière, David
name: Marois, Christian
name: Doyon, René
name: Barman, Travis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three planets have been directly imaged around the young star HR 8799. The planets are 5-13 Mjup and orbit the star at projected separations of 24-68 AU. While the initial detection occurred in 2007, two of the planets were recovered in a re-analysis of data obtained in 2004. Here we present a detection of the furthest planet of that system, HR 8799 b, in archival HST/NICMOS data from 1998. The detection was made using the locally-optimized combination of images algorithm to construct, from a large set of HST/NICMOS images of different stars taken from the archive, an optimized reference point-spread function image used to subtract the light of the primary star from the images of HR 8799. This new approach improves the sensitivity to planets at small separations by a factor of ~10 compared to traditional roll deconvolution. The new detection provides an astrometry point 10 years before the most recent observations, and is consistent with a Keplerian circular orbit with a~70 AU and low orbital inclination. The new photometry point, in the F160W filter, is in good agreement with an atmosphere model with intermediate clouds and vertical stratification, and thus suggests the presence of significant water absorption in the planet's atmosphere. The success of the new approach used here highlights a path for the search and characterization of exoplanets with future space telescopes, such as the James Webb Space Telescope or a Terrestrial Planet Finder.
description: ApJL, in press
Worldwide Gender Differences in Public Code Contributions
Creators: name: Rossi, Davide
name: Zacchiroli, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Gender imbalance is a well-known phenomenon observed throughout sciences which is particularly severe in software development and Free/Open Source Software communities. Little is know yet about the geography of this phenomenon in particular when considering large scales for both its time and space dimensions. We contribute to fill this gap with a longitudinal study of the population of contributors to publicly available software source code. We analyze the development history of 160 million software projects for a total of 2.2 billion commits contributed by 43 million distinct authors over a period of 50 years. We classify author names by gender using name frequencies and author geographical locations using heuristics based on email addresses and time zones. We study the evolution over time of contributions to public code by gender and by world region. For the world overall, we confirm previous findings about the low but steadily increasing ratio of contributions by female authors. When breaking down by world regions we find that the long-term growth of female participation is a worldwide phenomenon. We also observe a decrease in the ratio of female participation during the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting that women's ability to contribute to public code has been more hindered than that of men.
description: 44th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2022) - Software Engineering in Society (SEIS) Track, May 2022, Pittsburgh, MA, United States
title: Nano-scale Thermal Property Prediction by Molecular Dynamics Simulation with Experimental Validation
Creators: name: Horne, Kyle S.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: Quantum cascade laser (QCL) diodes have potential applications in many areas including emissions analysis and explosives detection, but like many solid-state devices they suer from degraded performance at higher temperatures. To alleviate this drawback, the thermal properties of the QCL diodes must be better understood. Using molecular dynamics (MD) and photothermal radiometry (PTR), the thermal conductivity of a representative QCL diode is computed and measured respectively.
The MD results demonstrate that size eects are present in the simulated systems, but if these are accounted for by normalization to experimental results the thermal conductivity of the QCL can be reasonably obtained. The cross-plane conductivity is found to be in the range of 1.8 to 4.3 W=m K, while the in-plane results are in the range of 3.7 to 4.0 W=m K. These values compare well with experimental results from the literature for both QCL materials and for AlInAs and GaInAs, which the QCL is composed of. The cross-plane conductivity results are lower than those of either AlInAs or GaInAs, which demonstrates the phonon scattering at the interfaces. The in-plane results are between AlInAs and GaInAs, which is to be expected.
The PTR results are less concrete, as there seem to be heat transfer eects active in the samples which are not included in the models used to t the frequency scans. These effects are not 2D heat transfer artifacts nor are they the result of volumetric absorption. It is possible that they are the results of plasmon induction, but this is only supposition. As the data stand, the PTR and MD results are within an order of magnitude of each other and follow reasonable trends, which suggests that both results are not too far o from reality. While the experimental results are not entirely conclusive, the simulations and experiments corroborate each other sufficiently to warrant further investigation using these techniques. Additionally, the simulations present sufficient internal consistency so as to be useful for thermal property investigation independent of the PTR results.
Equilibration of Isolated Systems: investigating the role of coarse-graining on the initial state magnetization
Creators: name: Carvalho, Gabriel Dias
name: Prazeres, Luis Fernando dos
name: Correia, Pedro Silva
name: de Oliveira, Thiago R
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many theoretical and experimental results show that even isolated quantum systems evolving unitarily may equilibrate, since the evolution of some observables may be around an equilibrium value with negligible fluctuations most of the time. There are rigorous theorems giving the conditions for such equilibration to happen. In particular, initial states prepared with a lack of resolution in the energy will equilibrate. We investigate how equilibration may be affected by a lack of resolution, or coarse-graining, in the magnetization of the initial state. In particular, for a chaotic spin chain and using exact diagonalization, we show that the level of equilibration of an initial state with a coarse, not well-defined magnetization is different from the level of an initial state with well-defined magnetization. This difference will depend on the degree of coarse-graining and the direction of magnetization. We also analyze the time for the system to reach equilibrium, showing good agreement with theoretical estimates and with some evidence that less resolution leads to faster equilibration. Our study highlights the crucial role of initial state preparation in the equilibration dynamics of quantum systems and provides new insights into the fundamental nature of equilibration in closed systems.
Dementne inimene – koormus ühiskonnale
Creators: name: Asser, Toomas
name: Linnamägi, Ülla
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2004
Subjects: dementsus, Alzheimeri tõbi, haiguskoormus, hooldaja koormatus

description: Dementsussündroomiga  inimesest  kui  koormusest  ühiskonnale  on  alust  rääkida vähemalt  kolmest  aspektist:  finantskoormus  riigile,  psühhoemotsionaalne  koormus hooldajale  ning  koormus meditsiini-  ja  sotsiaalabisüsteemile. Milline  neist  kolmest Eesti  ühiskonnas  praegu  kõige  rohkem  tähelepanu  väärib,  vajab  laialdast  faktilist tõendusmaterjali.  Arendamist  ja  toetust  ning  olukorra mõistmist riiklikul  tasemel vajavad kõik valdkonnad.
description: Eesti Arst, Aprill 2004
Cryptococcus-fungeemia AIDSiga patsiendil
Creators: name: Järv, Helle
name: Smidt, Jelena
name: Naaber, Paul
name: Mitt, Piret
name: Tuisk, Tatjana
name: Adamson, Vivika
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2004
Subjects: Cryptococcus neoformans, seeninfektsioon, oportunistlik infektsioon, HIV, AIDS, diagnostika

description: Kuna HI-viiruse kandjate arv Eestis pidevalt suureneb, on  lähiaastatel väga tõenäoline mitmesuguste  oportunistlike  infektsioonide  esilekerkimine.  Artiklis  on  kirjeldatatud Eestis  teadaolevalt  esimest  krüptokokkoosi-juhtu  AIDSiga  patsiendil.  18aastasel naispatsiendil diagnoositi 2003. a mais  süsteemne Cryptococcusneoformans infektsioon ja  AIDS  post  mortem.  Oportunistlik  seenpatogeen  isoleeriti  patsiendi  verekülvist. Krüptokokkoosi  diagnostikaks  soovitatakse  kasutada  seene  polüsahhariidsete antigeenide määramist lateksaglutinatsiooni või ELISA-meetodil patsiendi liikvorist või
vereseerumist.  Halvenenud  immuunsuse  ja  meningiidiga  patsientidel  võib  teostada kiirdiagnostilise  testina  liikvori  otsese  mikroskoopia.  Artiklis  on  esitatud rahvusvahelistes ravijuhistes toodud soovitused Cryptococcus-infektsiooni raviks.
description: Eesti Arst, Aprill 2004
Bakteriaalsete meningiitide ravipõhimõtted
Creators: name: Taba, Pille
name: Seeman, Svetlana
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2004
Subjects: bakteriaalne meningiit, ravipõhimõtted, antibakteriaalne ravi

description: Bakteriaalne  meningiit  on  vaatamata  antibakteriaalse  ja  intensiivravi  arengule  suure letaalsusega haigus, millesse haigestub maailmas  igal aastal üle miljoni  inimese. Mädase meningiidi diagnoosi  ja  ravi aluseks on kliiniline  leid,  liikvorileid ning  tekitaja  identifitseerimine.  Enne  tekitaja  mikrobioloogilist  identifitseerimist  alustatakse  empiirilistantibakteriaalset  ravi,   arvestades patsiendi vanust ning immuunsüsteemi  seisundit. Antibakteriaalset  ravi  tuleb  alustada  nii  vara  kui  võimalik,  kasutades  laia  spektriga bakteritsiidse toimega hematoentsefaalset barjääri hästi läbivaid antibiootikume.
description: Eesti Arst, Aprill 2004