cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
6-Methyl-2-nitro-1-phenyl-hept-4-en-3-ol
Creators: name: Herrmann, Josef M.
name: König, Burkhard
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Henry reaction; nitroaldol reaction; carbon-carbon bond formation; LiAlH4
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: In this short note, we report the synthesis of 6-methyl-2-nitro-1-phenyl-hept-4-en-3-ol by a LiAlH4 catalyzed nitroaldol reaction for carbon-carbon bond formation. The title compound was characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS, IR and elemental analysis.
Maximum N-body correlations do not in general imply genuine multipartite entanglement
Creators: name: Eltschka, Christopher
name: Siewert, Jens
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: The existence of correlations between the parts of a quantum system on the one hand, and entanglement between them on the other, are different properties. Yet, one intuitively would identify strong N-party correlations with N-party entanglement in an N-partite quantum state. If the local systems are qubits, this intuition is confirmed: The state with the strongest N-party correlations is the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state, which does have genuine multipartite entanglement. However, for high-dimensional local systems the state with strongest N-party correlations may be a tensor product of Bell states, that is, partially separable. We show this by introducing several novel tools for handling the Bloch representation.
Power Utility Maximization in Discrete-Time and Continuous-Time Exponential Levy Models
Creators: name: Temme, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 91B28, 91B16 (Primary) 60G51 (Secondary)

description: Consider power utility maximization of terminal wealth in a 1-dimensional continuous-time exponential Levy model with finite time horizon. We discretize the model by restricting portfolio adjustments to an equidistant discrete time grid. Under minimal assumptions we prove convergence of the optimal discrete-time strategies to the continuous-time counterpart. In addition, we provide and compare qualitative properties of the discrete-time and continuous-time optimizers.
description: 18 pages, to appear in Mathematical Methods of Operations Research. The final publication is available at springerlink.com
Exploring Geometry Teaching Model: Polygon Pieces and Dictionary Tools for the Model
Creators: name: Chiphambo, Shakespear Maliketi
name: Feza, Nosisi Nellie
Publisher: name: Walter Sisulu University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Algebraic and differential geometry

description: EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 2020, 16(9), em1874 ISSN:1305-8223 (online) OPEN ACCESS Research Paper https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/8358
 Abstract
 Research reveals that many mathematics teachers find it difficult to stimulate learners' interest in learning geometry. One major reason suggested is that geometric concepts are not well conceptualised and comprehended by both learners and teachers. The study explored learners’ views on how polygon pieces and dictionary mediate learning of geometry. Nine Grade 8 learners were purposely selected from the cohort of 56 learners based on the diagnostic test results. By employing a qualitative approach through exploration data were gathered from semi- structured interviews and document analysis was implemented and reported in themes. The study found that polygon pieces with mathematics dictionary enhance learners’ learning of geometry through geometric inquiry. Polygon pieces assisted learners with geometric conceptualisation through cutting, constructing and measuring of angles and line segments. The dictionary enhanced learners’ geometric vocabulary by transferring informal vocabulary. We recommend mathematics teachers to integrate polygon pieces assisted by mathematics dictionary in the teaching and learning of mathematics.
Three-tiered approach for standard information requirements for polymers requiring registration under REACH
Creators: name: Otte, Jens C.
name: Hollnagel, Heli Miriam
name: Nagel, Christiane
name: Gerhardt, Renata Friederike
name: Wohlleben, Wendel
name: Vallotton, Nathalie
name: Schowanek, Diederik
name: Sanders, Gordon
name: Frasca, Joe M.
name: Landsiedel, Robert
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Polymers
subject: REACH
subject: Information requirements
subject: Hazard
subject: Exposure
subject: Risk
subject: Tiered-testing
subject: Bioavailability
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Polymers are a very large class of chemicals comprising often complex molecules with multiple functions used in everyday products. The EU Commission is seeking to develop environmental and human health standard information requirements (SIRs) for man-made polymers requiring registration (PRR) under a revised Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) Regulation. Conventional risk assessment approaches currently used for small molecules may not apply to most polymers. Therefore, we propose a conceptual three-tiered regulatory approach for data generation to assess individual and groups of polymers requiring registration (PRR). A key element is the grouping of polymers according to chemistry, physico-chemical properties and hazard similarity. The limited bioavailability of many polymers is a prominent difference to many small molecules and is a key consideration of the proposed approach. Methods assessing potential for systemic bioavailability are integral to Tier 1. Decisions for further studies are based on considerations of properties and effects, combined with systemic bioavailability and use and exposure considerations. For many PRRs, Tier 1 data on hazard, use and exposure will likely be sufficient for achieving the protection goals of REACH. Vertebrate animal studies in Tiers 2 and 3 can be limited to targeted testing. The outlined approach aims to make use of current best scientific evidence and to reduce animal testing whilst providing data for an adequate level of protection.
Indigenous Peoples’ rights in national climate governance: An analysis of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
Creators: name: Carmona, Rosario
name: Reed, Graeme
name: Ford, James
name: Thorsell, Stefan
name: Yon, Rocío
name: Carril, Francisca
name: Pickering, Kerrie
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Climate governance
subject: Climate policy
subject: Indigenous Peoples
subject: Indigenous Peoples’ rights
subject: Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: Although the recognition of Indigenous Peoples’ contributions to climate governance by the international community has gradually increased, a rights-based approach in national climate action is still largely absent. This article analyses the recognition of Indigenous Peoples’ rights in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. We conducted a content analysis of all NDCs submitted between 2016 and May 2022. Through a five-pronged framework of sustainable self-determination, we assessed how the NDCs recognise: i. Indigenous Peoples as rights-holders; ii. Indigenous jurisdiction over land; iii. Indigenous knowledge systems; iv. Indigenous Peoples’ right to full and effective participation in climate governance; and v. the legacy of colonialism. NDCs with references related to Indigenous Peoples are increasing. However, questions remain regarding their sincerity and commitment to implementation. States must therefore make more significant efforts to ensure that the NDCs take a rights-based approach and contribute to strengthening Indigenous Peoples’ role and say in climate governance.
Esterase-Responsive Polyglycerol-Based Nanogels for Intracellular Drug Delivery in Rare Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Creators: name: Schötz, Sebastian
name: Griepe, Adele K.
name: Goerisch, Björn B.
name: Kortam, Sally
name: Vainer, Yael Shammai
name: Dimde, Mathias
name: Koeppe, Hanna
name: Wedepohl, Stefanie
name: Quaas, Elisa
name: Achazi, Katharina
name: Schroeder, Avi
name: Haag, Rainer
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: nanogels
subject: drug delivery
subject: GIST
subject: iEDDA
subject: polyglycerol
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Rare gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are caused by mutations in the KIT and PDGFRA genes. Avapritinib (BLU-285) is a targeted selective inhibitor for mutated KIT and PDGFRA receptors that can be used to treat these tumors. However, there are subtypes of GISTs that exhibit resistance against BLU-285 and thus require other treatment strategies. This can be addressed by employing a drug delivery system that transports a combination of drugs with distinct cell targets. In this work, we present the synthesis of esterase-responsive polyglycerol-based nanogels (NGs) to overcome drug resistance in rare GISTs. Using inverse nanoprecipitation mediated with inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder cyclizations (iEDDA) between dPG-methyl tetrazine and dPG-norbornene, multi-drug-loaded NGs were formed based on a surfactant-free encapsulation protocol. The obtained NGs displayed great stability in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and did not trigger hemolysis in red blood cells over a period of 24 h. Exposing the NGs to Candida Antarctica Lipase B (CALB) led to the degradation of the NG network, indicating the capability of targeted drug release. The bioactivity of the loaded NGs was tested in vitro on various cell lines of the GIST-T1 family, which exhibit different drug resistances. Cell internalization with comparable uptake kinetics of the NGs could be confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry for all cell lines. Cell viability and live cell imaging studies revealed that the loaded NGs are capable of intracellular drug release by showing similar IC50 values to those of the free drugs. Furthermore, multi-drug-loaded NGs were capable of overcoming BLU-285 resistance in T1-α-D842V + G680R cells, demonstrating the utility of this carrier system.
Leading and following: Noise differently affects semantic and acoustic processing during naturalistic speech comprehension
Creators: name: Zhang, Xinmiao
name: Li, Jiawei
name: Li, Zhuoran
name: Hong, Bo
name: Diao, Tongxiang
name: Ma, Xin
name: Nolte, Guido
name: Engel, Andreas K.
name: Zhang, Dan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Speech-in-noise comprehension
subject: Semantic processing
subject: Neural tracking
subject: Temporal response function
subject: EEG
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Despite the distortion of speech signals caused by unavoidable noise in daily life, our ability to comprehend speech in noisy environments is relatively stable. However, the neural mechanisms underlying reliable speech-in-noise comprehension remain to be elucidated. The present study investigated the neural tracking of acoustic and semantic speech information during noisy naturalistic speech comprehension. Participants listened to narrative audio recordings mixed with spectrally matched stationary noise at three signal-to-ratio (SNR) levels (no noise, 3 dB, -3 dB), and 60-channel electroencephalography (EEG) signals were recorded. A temporal response function (TRF) method was employed to derive event-related-like responses to the continuous speech stream at both the acoustic and the semantic levels. Whereas the amplitude envelope of the naturalistic speech was taken as the acoustic feature, word entropy and word surprisal were extracted via the natural language processing method as two semantic features. Theta-band frontocentral TRF responses to the acoustic feature were observed at around 400 ms following speech fluctuation onset over all three SNR levels, and the response latencies were more delayed with increasing noise. Delta-band frontal TRF responses to the semantic feature of word entropy were observed at around 200 to 600 ms leading to speech fluctuation onset over all three SNR levels. The response latencies became more leading with increasing noise and decreasing speech comprehension and intelligibility. While the following responses to speech acoustics were consistent with previous studies, our study revealed the robustness of leading responses to speech semantics, which suggests a possible predictive mechanism at the semantic level for maintaining reliable speech comprehension in noisy environments.
Science Learning and Science Literacy: Enhancement of Interactive Learning and Higher-Order Thinking Pedagogies
Creators: name: Mtsi, N.
name: Chiphambo, S.M.
Publisher: name: Walter Sisulu University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Higher education
Curriculum and pedagogy theory and development
Curriculum and pedagogy not elsewhere classified
Science, technology and engineering curriculum and pedagogy

description: The paper reports on the pedagogies that enhance Science learning and science literacy in one rural South African district. The study sought to explore the pedagogies used by Grade 9 teachers to equip students with higher-order thinking skills and promote interactive learning to enhance both science learning and science literacy. The study was informed by social constructivism and pedagogical content knowledge, located in the interpretive paradigm. A qualitative approach and a case study design was employed. An overall 10 science teachers were purposefully selected to be interviewed from 10 schools, while, 30 learners from 10 schools were purposively selected according to their academic achievement on science tasks with above average, average and below-average scores to participate in a focus group interviews. Content analysis was utilised to analyse data collected for the study and the data were coded and categorised to enable thematic analysis. The findings revealed the pedagogies that promote interactive learning as: demonstration, Investigation, projects, question and answer and role-play. The ones that promote higher-order thinking are investigations, case study, discussions and problem-solving. Teachers highlighted that, although these strategies enhance science learning and science literacy, they do not apply all of them practically due to lack of learner material and knowledge of pedagogy. The study recommends that teachers need to be creative and look for assistance than wait to be assisted by the Department of Education.
New Nanomaterials and Luminescent Optical Sensors for Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide
Creators: name: Burmistrova, N. A.
name: Kolontaeva, O. A.
name: Duerkop, Axel
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: sensor; optical; hydrogen peroxide; luminescence; fluorescence; membrane; nanoparticle; microplate; nanodot; quantum dots
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Accurate methods that can continuously detect low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have a huge application potential in biological, pharmaceutical, clinical and environmental analysis. Luminescent probes and nanomaterials are used for fabrication of sensors for H2O2 that can be applied for these purposes. In contrast to previous reviews focusing on the chemical design of molecular probes for H2O2, this mini-review highlights the latest luminescent nanoparticular materials and new luminescent optical sensors for H2O2 in terms of the nanomaterial composition and luminescent receptor used in the sensors. The nanomaterial section is subdivided into schemes based on gold nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles with embedded enzymes, probes showing aggregation-induced emission enhancement, quantum dots, lanthanide-based nanoparticles and carbon based nanomaterials, respectively. Moreover, the sensors are ordered according to the type of luminescent receptor used within the sensor membranes. Among them are lanthanide complexes, metal-ligand complexes, oxidic nanoparticles and organic dyes. Further, the optical sensors are confined to those that are capable to monitor the concentration of H2O2 in a sample over time or are reusable. Optical sensors responding to gaseous H2O2 are not covered. All nanomaterials and sensors are characterized with respect to the analytical reaction towards H2O2, limit of detection (LOD), analytical range, electrolyte, pH and response time/incubation time. Applications to real samples are given. Finally, we assess the suitability of the nanomaterials to be used in membrane-based sensors and discuss future trends and perspectives of these sensors in biomedical research.
Maximal supergravity in D=10: forms, Borcherds algebras and superspace cohomology
Creators: name: Greitz, J.
name: Howe, P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a very simple derivation of the forms of $N=2,D=10$ supergravity from supersymmetry and $SL(2,\bbR)$ (for IIB). Using superspace cohomology we show that, if the Bianchi identities for the physical fields are satisfied, the (consistent) Bianchi identities for all of the higher-rank forms must be identically satisfied, and that there are no possible gauge-trivial Bianchi identities ($dF=0$) except for exact eleven-forms. We also show that the degrees of the forms can be extended beyond the spacetime limit, and that the representations they fall into agree with those predicted from Borcherds algebras. In IIA there are even-rank RR forms, including a non-zero twelve-form, while in IIB there are non-trivial Bianchi identities for thirteen-forms even though these forms are identically zero in supergravity. It is speculated that these higher-rank forms could be non-zero when higher-order string corrections are included.
description: 15 pages. Published version. Some clarification of the text
(Z)-N-(7-Cyano-9,9,15,15-tetramethyl-9,10,11,13,14,15-hexahydro-6H-benzo[4'',5'']imidazo[1'',2'':1',2']pyrido[3',4':5, 6]pyrano[2,3-f]pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-6-ylidene)pent-4-ynamide
Creators: name: Bachl, Jürgen
name: Wolfbeis, Otto S.
name: Cativiela, Carlos
name: Diaz Diaz, David
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: coumarin; fluorescent dye; alkyne; imine; anhydride
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Coumarin-based dye (Z)-N-(7-cyano-9,9,15,15-tetramethyl-9,10,11,13,14,15-hexahydro-6H-benzo[4'',5'']imidazo[1'',2'':1',2']pyrido[3',4':5,6]pyrano[2,3-f]pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-6-ylidene)pent-4-ynamide (3) was obtained in 81% yield by reaction between primary imine precursor 1 and pent-4-ynoic anhydride (2) under thermal conditions. The title compound was characterized by elemental analysis, melting point, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, mass, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy.
Extreme Solar Events: Setting up a Paradigm
Creators: name: Usoskin, Ilya
name: Miyake, Fusa
name: Baroni, Melanie
name: Brehm, Nicolas
name: Dalla, Silvia
name: Hayakawa, Hisashi
name: Hudson, Hugh
name: Jull, A. J. Timothy
name: Knipp, Delores
name: Spiegl, Tobias
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar activity
subject: Solar flares
subject: Stellar flares
subject: Cosmogenic isotopes
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::520 Astronomie::520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The Sun is magnetically active and often produces eruptive events on different energetic and temporal scales. Until recently, the upper limit of such events was unknown and believed to be roughly represented by direct instrumental observations. However, two types of extreme events were discovered recently: extreme solar energetic particle events on the multi-millennial time scale and super-flares on sun-like stars. Both discoveries imply that the Sun might rarely produce events, called extreme solar events (ESE), whose energy could be orders of magnitude greater than anything we have observed during recent decades. During the years following these discoveries, great progress has been achieved in collecting observational evidence, uncovering new events, making statistical analyses, and developing theoretical modelling. The ESE paradigm lives and is being developed. On the other hand, many outstanding questions still remain open and new ones emerge. Here we present an overview of the current state of the art and the forming paradigm of ESE from different points of view: solar physics, stellar–solar projections, cosmogenic-isotope data, modelling, historical data, as well as terrestrial, technological and societal effects of ESEs. Special focus is paid to open questions and further developments. This review is based on the joint work of the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) team #510 (2020–2022).
Combining Electrochemical Sensors with Miniaturized Sample Preparation for Rapid Detection in Clinical Samples
Creators: name: Bunyakul, N.
name: Bäumner, Antje J.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: electrochemical sensor; microfluidic-based sample preparation; clinical sample analysis
subject: 540 Chemie

description: Clinical analyses benefit world-wide from rapid and reliable diagnostics tests. New tests are sought with greatest demand not only for new analytes, but also to reduce costs, complexity and lengthy analysis times of current techniques. Among the myriad of possibilities available today to develop new test systems, amperometric biosensors are prominent players—best represented by the ubiquitous amperometric-based glucose sensors. Electrochemical approaches in general require little and often enough only simple hardware components, are rugged and yet provide low limits of detection. They thus offer many of the desirable attributes for point-of-care/point-of-need tests. This review focuses on investigating the important integration of sample preparation with (primarily electrochemical) biosensors. Sample clean up requirements, miniaturized sample preparation strategies, and their potential integration with sensors will be discussed, focusing on clinical sample analyses.
MOND cosmology from entropic force
Creators: name: Zhang, Hongsheng
name: Li, Xin-Zhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the MOND cosmology which is uniquely corresponding to the original MOND at galaxy scales via entropic gravity method. It inherits the key merit of MOND, that is, it reduces the baryonic matter and non-baryonic dark matter into baryonic matter only. For the first time we obtain the critical parameter in MOND, i.e., the transition acceleration $a_c$ at cosmological scale. We thus solve the long-standing coincidence problem $a_c\sim cH_{0}$. More interestingly, a term like age-graphic dark energy emerges naturally. In the frame of this MOND cosmology, we only need baryonic matter to describe both dark matter and dark energy in standard cosmology.
description: 4 pages, several references added, to appear in PLB
Exposure of Colon-Derived Epithelial Monolayers to Fecal Luminal Factors from Patients with Colon Cancer and Ulcerative Colitis Results in Distinct Gene Expression Patterns
Creators: name: Simrén, Magnus
name: Sapnara, Maria
name: Wettergren, Yvonne
name: Bas Forsberg, Anna
name: Öhman, Lena
name: Strid, Hans
name: Lorent, Julie
name: Savolainen, Otto
name: Verveda, Alexandra
name: Magnusson, Maria K.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024

description: Microbiota and luminal components may affect epithelial integrity and thus participate in the pathophysiology of colon cancer (CC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of fecal luminal factors derived from patients with CC and ulcerative colitis (UC) on the colonic epithelium using a standardized colon-derived two-dimensional epithelial monolayer. The complex primary human stem cell-derived intestinal epithelium model, termed RepliGut® Planar, was expanded and passaged in a two-dimensional culture which underwent stimulation for 48 h with fecal supernatants (FS) from CC patients (n = 6), UC patients with active disease (n = 6), and healthy subjects (HS) (n = 6). mRNA sequencing of monolayers was performed and cytokine secretion in the basolateral cell culture compartment was measured. The addition of fecal supernatants did not impair the integrity of the colon-derived epithelial monolayer. However, monolayers stimulated with fecal supernatants from CC patients and UC patients presented distinct gene expression patterns. Comparing UC vs. CC, 29 genes were downregulated and 33 genes were upregulated, for CC vs. HS, 17 genes were downregulated and five genes were upregulated, and for UC vs. HS, three genes were downregulated and one gene was upregulated. The addition of FS increased secretion of IL8 with no difference between the study groups. Fecal luminal factors from CC patients and UC patients induce distinct colonic epithelial gene expression patterns, potentially reflecting the disease pathophysiology. The culture of colonic epithelial monolayers with fecal supernatants derived from patients may facilitate the exploration of IBD- and CC-related intestinal microenvironmental and barrier interactions.
Students’ Alternative Conceptions and Misunderstandings When Learning Geometry. A South African Perspective
Creators: name: Chiphambo, S.M.
name: Feza, N.N.
Publisher: name: Walter Sisulu University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Algebraic and differential geometry

description:
 Proceedings of EDULEARN20 Conference 6th-7th July 2020

 Abstract
 There is plenty of literature that presents difficulties demonstrated by students in learning geometry. Geometry is one of the areas of mathematics that challenges students a lot, however, at its heart is exploring and understanding space. This space is first encountered by students from conception. This paper contributes to the literature by investigating the teachers’ role in developing geometric concepts, highlighting students’ alternative geometric vocabulary, conceptual, terminology misunderstandings and their demonstrated challenges. This paper is part of a larger project that focused on numerous elements of developing geometric knowledge; however, the paper only focuses on Grade 8 students’ alternative geometric understanding with the aim of informing instruction. Using the diagnostic test and reflective tests we traced alternative geometric vocabulary, conceptual and terminology misunderstandings. We targeted three groups of students based on the diagnostic test’s results (three high, three average and three low achievers). The responses to the diagnostic and reflective tests which focused on properties of triangles provided the data for the study. Van Hiele theory provided the lens for the study. A qualitative approach was used to analyse the performance of the students in the diagnostic and reflective tests. The findings show that daily reflective tests can serve as essential tools in helping mathematics teacher discover more and more in-depth students’ alternative geometric vocabulary, conceptual and terminology misunderstandings. In conclusion this paper recommends mathematics teachers to make optimal use of diagnostic and reflective tests to guide them in identifying students’ alternative geometric vocabulary, conceptual and terminology misunderstandings in learning geometry. The discovery of students’ alternative geometric vocabulary, conceptual and terminology misunderstandings can help mathematics teachers to design intervention activities that allow the enhancement of students’: self-exploration of geometric ideas, geometric language proficiency, geometric concepts and terminology. Keywords: reflective test, mathematical terminology, geometric concepts, language proficiency, diagnostic test.
Perdeuteration of poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'- ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (d-MEH-PPV): control of microscopic charge-carrier spin–spin coupling and of magnetic-field effects in optoelectronic devices
Creators: name: Stoltzfus, Dani M.
name: Joshi, Gajadhar
name: Popli, Henna
name: Jamali, Shirin
name: Kavand, Marzieh
name: Milster, Sebastian
name: Grünbaum, Tobias
name: Bange, Sebastian
name: Nahlawi, Adnan
name: Teferi, Mandefro Y.
name: Atwood, Sabastian I.
name: Leung, Anna E.
name: Darwish, Tamim A.
name: Malissa, Hans
name: Burn, Paul L.
name: Lupton, John M.
name: Boehme, Christoph
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: Control of the effective local hyperfine fields in a conjugated polymer, poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV), by isotopic engineering is reported. These fields, evident as a frequency- independent line broadening mechanism in electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) spectroscopy, originate from the unresolved hyperfine coupling between the electronic spin of charge carrier pairs and the nuclear spins of surrounding hydrogen isotopes. The room temperature study of effects caused by complete deuteration of this polymer through magnetoresistance, magnetoelectroluminescence, coherent pulsed and multi-frequency EDMR, as well as inverse spin-Hall effect measurements, confirm the weak hyperfine broadening of charge-carrier magnetic resonance lines. As a consequence, we can resolve coherent charge-carrier spin-beating, allowing for direct measurements of the magnitude of electronic spin–spin interactions. In addition, the weak hyperfine coupling allows us to resolve sub- stantial spin–orbit coupling effects in the EDMR spectra, even at low magnetic field strengths. These results illustrate the dramatic influence of hyperfine fields on the spin physics of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) materials at room temperature, and point to routes to reaching exotic ultra-strong resonant-drive regimes in the study of light-matter interactions.
Good practices for 68Ga radiopharmaceutical production
Creators: name: Nelson, Bryce J. B.
name: Andersson, Jan D.
name: Wuest, Frank
name: Spreckelmeyer, Sarah
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ga-68-radiolabeling
subject: Gallium-68
subject: Automation
subject: Cyclotron
subject: Radiolabeling
subject: Ga-68-tracer
subject: Radiopharmaceuticals
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: The radiometal gallium-68 (Ga-68) is increasingly used in diagnostic positron emission tomography (PET), with Ga-68-labeled radiopharmaceuticals developed as potential higher-resolution imaging alternatives to traditional Tc-99m agents. In precision medicine, PET applications of Ga-68 are widespread, with Ga-68 radiolabeled to a variety of radiotracers that evaluate perfusion and organ function, and target specific biomarkers found on tumor lesions such as prostate-specific membrane antigen, somatostatin, fibroblast activation protein, bombesin, and melanocortin. Main body: These Ga-68 radiopharmaceuticals include agents such as [Ga-68]Ga-macroaggregated albumin for myocardial perfusion evaluation, [Ga-68]Ga-PLED for assessing renal function, [Ga-68]Ga-t-butyl-HBED for assessing liver function, and [Ga-68]Ga-PSMA for tumor imaging. The short half-life, favourable nuclear decay properties, ease of radiolabeling, and convenient availability through germanium-68 (Ge-68) generators and cyclotron production routes strongly positions Ga-68 for continued growth in clinical deployment. This progress motivates the development of a set of common guidelines and standards for the Ga-68 radiopharmaceutical community, and recommendations for centers interested in establishing Ga-68 radiopharmaceutical production. Conclusion: This review outlines important aspects of Ga-68 radiopharmacy, including Ga-68 production routes using a Ge-68/Ga-68 generator or medical cyclotron, standardized Ga-68 radiolabeling methods, quality control procedures for clinical Ga-68 radiopharmaceuticals, and suggested best practices for centers with established or upcoming Ga-68 radiopharmaceutical production. Finally, an outlook on Ga-68 radiopharmaceuticals is presented to highlight potential challenges and opportunities facing the community.
6,6'-(1E,1'E)-((1R,2R)-1,2-Diphenylethane-1,2-diyl)bis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene)bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)bis(2-tert-butyl-4-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)phenol)
Creators: name: Huber, Thimo
name: Niehues, Lennart
name: Cativiela, Carlos
name: Diaz Diaz, David
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: salen ligands; chiral 1,2-diamines; alkynes; nucleophilic addition
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Functionalizable salen derivative, 6,6'-(1E,1'E)-((1R,2R)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diyl)bis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene)bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)bis(2-tert-butyl-4-((trimethylsilyl) ethyn-yl)phenol) (3), was synthesized by condensation between (1R,2R)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diamine (2) and 3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl) benzaldehyde (1) under refluxing conditions. The title compound was characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, high-resolution mass spectrometry, optical rotation and melting point determination.
title: "Ritratto di Tito su busto moderno", arte romana, inv. CLXXI (ITA/EN)
title: Scheda catalogo digitale Borghese
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Clementi, Jessica
name: Galleria Borghese
Publisher: name: Galleria Borghese
Year: 2024

description: Pubblicazione delle schede delle opere conservate nel museo ed estratte dal catalogo digitale di

Galleria Borghese, nelle due versioni esistenti online, in italiano e inglese.

Collegamento al catalogo digitale:

ITA: https://www.collezionegalleriaborghese.it/

EN: https://www.collezionegalleriaborghese.it/en
Neuromorphic, Digital and Quantum Computation with Memory Circuit Elements
Creators: name: Pershin, Yuriy V.
name: Di Ventra, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Memory effects are ubiquitous in nature and the class of memory circuit elements - which includes memristors, memcapacitors and meminductors - shows great potential to understand and simulate the associated fundamental physical processes. Here, we show that such elements can also be used in electronic schemes mimicking biologically-inspired computer architectures, performing digital logic and arithmetic operations, and can expand the capabilities of certain quantum computation schemes. In particular, we will discuss few examples where the concept of memory elements is relevant to the realization of associative memory in neuronal circuits, spike-timing-dependent plasticity of synapses, digital and field-programmable quantum computing.
System Dynamics Approach for Evaluating Existing and Future Water Allocation Planning Among Conflicting Users
Creators: name: Amoo, O. T.
name: Nakin, M.D.V.
name: Abayomi, A.
name: Ojugbele, H. O.
name: Salami, A. W.
Publisher: name: Walter Sisulu University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Climate change science not elsewhere classified
Water resources engineering

description: The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLIV-4/W3-2020, 2020 5th International Conference on Smart City Applications, 7–8 October 2020, Virtual Safranbolu, Turkey (online)

 Water shortages are a chronic and severe problem in South Africa. Allocation of this limited water resources, environmental quality, and policies for sustainable water use are issues of increasing concern that require accurate and timely information to evolve strategies for dynamic natural resources management. Specifically, this paper is aimed to assist the planning, restoring and to rationally allocate the water resources in any river basin in resolving the current water stresses in many parts of South Africa, by using integrated knowledge from simulation and integrated river basin management approach. The developed system dynamic (SD) allocation system was used to investigates the extent to which the framework is ‘sustainable’ in the medium and long terms in evaluating existing and future water allocation among conflicting users at Mkomazi River Basin (MRB), KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa The invented SD framework confirms agricultural water use as the highest demand when compared with other users. The optimal sustainability performance index (0.25) of the system at 70% dependable flow shows an integrated scenario that combines rainfall variation with improved irrigation water use efficiency as a suitable framework plan. The study uses integrated knowledge from simulation and integrated river basin management approach as a feasible method to assist the planning, restoring and to rationally allocate the water resources in any river basin with similar attributes to the study area in resolving the current water stresses in many parts of the country. Water resources managers would find these tools beneficial in understanding the complex nature of water resources allocation and in determining priorities area which required prompt attention and intervention
A Cross-National Study of Implicit Theories of a Creative Person
Creators: name: Hopp, Manuel
name: Händel, Marion
name: Stöger, Heidrun
name: Vialle, Wilma
name: Ziegler, Albert
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: creativity; implicit theory of creativity; cross-cultural study; stereotypes
subject: 370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: Implicit theories can influence learning behavior, the approaches individuals take to learning and performance situations, and the learning goals individuals set, as well as, indirectly, their accomplishments, intelligence, and creativity. For this cross-cultural study, Kenyan and German students were asked to draw a creative person and rate it on a number of attributes. The data indicated considerable differences among the implicit theories according to students’ gender and nationality. Kenyan girls, in particular, frequently ascribed a gender to their prototypical creative person that differed from their own, whereas the gender of the prototypical creative people drawn by German students was more equally spread. The data offer evidence that implicit theories of a creative person are multifaceted. Kenyan students value diligence as an important attribute of a creative person. In addition, social variables were seen as important, followed by talents in languages and mathematics. By contrast, German students valued imagination and talent in artistic areas, followed by diligence and social components. Their lowest rated attributes for creativity were talents in the domains of languages, mathematics and technical areas. Future studies should further examine the influence of implicit theories on the learning behavior of gifted students.
FlowRep : extracting descriptive curve networks from free-form design shapes
Creators: name: Gori, Giorgio
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: This thesis presents FlowRep, an algorithm for extracting descriptive compact 3D curve networks from meshes of free-form man-made shapes. FlowRep output networks provide a concise visual description of the underlying surface, and can be used as a compact proxy for shape compression, editing and manipulation. While artists routinely and successfully create descriptive curve networks to depict complex 3D shapes in 3D space or on 2D media, the method described here is the first to achieve this goal algorithmically. FlowRep infers the desired compact curve network from complex 3D geometries by using a series of insights derived from perception, computer graphics, and design literature which point to two sets of geometric properties that such networks should satisfy. These sources suggest that visually descriptive networks are cycle-descriptive, i.e their cycles unambiguously describe the geometry of the surface patches they surround. They also indicate that such networks are designed to be projectable, or easy to envision when observed from a static general viewpoint; in other words, 2D projections of the network should be strongly indicative of its 3D geometry. Research suggests that both properties are best achieved by using networks dominated by flowlines, surface curves aligned with principal curvature directions across anisotropic regions and strategically extended across sharp-features and isotropic areas. The algorithm leverages these observations in the construction of a compact descriptive curve network. Starting with a curvature aligned quad dominant mesh I first extract sequences of mesh edges that form long, well-shaped and reliable flowlines by leveraging directional similarity between nearby meaningful flowline directions. This process overcomes topological noise, and inaccuracies and singularities in the underlying curvature field. I then use the extracted flowlines and the model's sharp-feature, or trim, curves to form a projectable network which describes the underlying surface. Finally, I simplify this network while preserving its descriptive power to obtain the final result. My co-authors and I validate our method by demonstrating a range of networks computed from diverse inputs, using them for surface reconstruction, and showing extensive comparisons with prior work and artist generated networks.
Scalar Field Cosmology I: Asymptotic Freedom and the Initial-Value Problem
Creators: name: Huang, Kerson
name: Low, Hwee-Boon
name: Tung, Roh-Suan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purpose of this work is to use a renormalized quantum scalar field to investigate very early cosmology, in the Planck era immediately following the big bang. Renormalization effects make the field potential dependent on length scale, and are important during the big bang era. We use the asymptotically free Halpern-Huang scalar field, which is derived from renormalization-group analysis, and solve Einstein's equation with Robertson-Walker metric as an initial-value problem. The main prediction is that the Hubble parameter follows a power law: $H\equiv\dot{a}/a\sim t^{-p}$, and the universe expands at an accelerated rate: $a\sim\exp t^{1-p}$. This gives "dark energy", with an equivalent cosmological constant that decays in time like $t^{-2p}$, which avoids the "fine-tuning" problem. The power law predicts a simple relation for the galactic redshift. Comparison with data leads to the speculation that the universe experienced a crossover transition, which was completed about 7 billion years ago.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures, added new section "Critical comments", Accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Enhancing the stability of CT radiomics across different volume of interest sizes using parametric feature maps: a phantom study
Creators: name: Jensen, Laura J.
name: Kim, Damon
name: Elgeti, Thomas
name: Steffen, Ingo G.
name: Schaafs, Lars-Arne
name: Hamm, Bernd
name: Nagel, Sebastian N.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Radiomics
subject: Reproducibility of results
subject: Texture analysis
subject: Tomography (x-ray computed)
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: In radiomics studies, differences in the volume of interest (VOI) are often inevitable and may confound the extracted features. We aimed to correct this confounding effect of VOI variability by applying parametric maps with a fixed voxel size. Methods: Ten scans of a cup filled with sodium chloride solution were scanned using a multislice computed tomography (CT) unit. Sphere-shaped VOIs with different diameters (4, 8, or 16 mm) were drawn centrally into the phantom. A total of 93 features were extracted conventionally from the original images using PyRadiomics. Using a self-designed and pretested software tool, parametric maps for the same 93 features with a fixed voxel size of 4 mm3 were created. To retrieve the feature values from the maps, VOIs were copied from the original images to preserve the position. Differences in feature quantities between the VOI sizes were tested with the Mann-Whitney U-test and agreement with overall concordance correlation coefficients (OCCC). Results: Fifty-five conventionally extracted features were significantly different between the VOI sizes, and none of the features showed excellent agreement in terms of OCCCs. When read from the parametric maps, only 8 features showed significant differences, and 3 features showed an excellent OCCC (≥ 0.85). The OCCCs for 89 features substantially increased using the parametric maps. Conclusions: This phantom study shows that converting CT images into parametric maps resolves the confounding effect of VOI variability and increases feature reproducibility across VOI sizes.
1,3-Bis(pyren-1-yl)imidazolium chloride (IPyr·HCl)
Creators: name: Schroll, Peter
name: König, Burkhard
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: N-heterocyclic carbene; catalysis; light absorption; photochemistry
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: A novel UV-A-light absorbing N-heterocyclic carbene precursor imidazolium salt 2 was synthesized by reaction of 1,4-bis(pyren-1-yl)-1,4-diazadiene 1 with paraformaldehyde in the presence of chlorotrimethylsilane. The title compound was characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D-NMR, mass spectrometry, IR and UV/VIS spectroscopy.