cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exploring the dialogues of three novice correctional educational teachers and their experienced coaches in a juvenile corrections coaching model
Creators: name: Clark, Joya Helene
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: There are very few programs designed specifically to support novice juvenile correctional educators as they begin their teaching careers in the correctional educational context. Juvenile justice commissions and alternative education school programs responsible for preparing novices to teach in this context have traditionally relied upon experienced correctional educators to mentor or coach novices in informal supportive experiences that are not supervised or evaluated. This qualitative case study explored online and face to face discourse between novices and experienced correctional educators in a juvenile correctional education coaching model. The participation patterns in coaching discussions were explored, as well as the knowledge, skills, values, attitudes, and beliefs of research participants. This will help universities, juvenile justice commissions, and correctional educational program school administrators to develop coaching models to support novices in this context. Data was collected before, during, and after school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic using individual and focus group interviews, application and demographic survey, online forms, and coaching sessions on Zoom and in person. Participation was measured by number of words, turns, words per turn (turn length), and time (length of conversations). The data revealed that novices in this study entered the correctional educational context with various levels of certification, or none, and non-specific training for the correctional educational context. Participation varied according to the years of experience of the coach and novice, specific use of the online forms during coaching sessions, and specific needs of the novice during coaching sessions. Themes related to attitudes were isolation and helplessness, technology constraints, perceiving students as human beings, building students emotionally, and having a positive influence on student mindsets. Themes related to values were teaching foundations and basic skills, keeping students engaged, working as a team, feedback and encouragement, creativity in lesson planning, and flexibility in lesson presentation. Themes related to beliefs were affirming the purpose of juvenile correctional education, and beliefs about students’ power to control their learning experiences. Juvenile correctional education (JCE) coaching was found to be a valuable tool in supporting novices as they affirm their beliefs about correctional education and define their role as juvenile correctional educators.
Aromatic Compounds as Substitutes for 2-Propanol as Texturing Additive in Aqueous Alkaline Solutions
Creators: name: Mayer, K.
name: Orellana Pérez, T.
name: Rostas, M.
name: Schumann, M.
name: Granek, F.
name: Glunz, S.W.
name: Rosenfeld, E.
name: Kray, D.
name: Antoniadis, H.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2511-2515
description: Two aromatic organic substances, a micelles-forming agent, an aromatic acid, and a complex-forming agent,
an aromatic alcohol, were tested on 50 mm x 50 mm Cz-Si-wafers as texturing agents for mono-crystalline silicon solar
cells according to the weighted reflectance of the processed surfaces and the etch-rates of the texturing-solutions in
dependence of their composition. The results were compared with those of the standard organic texturing agent 2-propanol
(iso-propanol, IPA). It could be shown, that the aromatic acid can compete with IPA as texturing additive while etching
solutions based on the aromatic alcohol were less successful. After that the system containing the aromatic acid was tested
on large number of 125 mm x 125 mm Cz-Si-wafers in an industrial pilot production line of Innovalight Inc., where even
better results were reached in shorter time-scales in comparison with the standard texturing process.
The stochastic background of gravitational waves due to the f-mode instability in neutron stars
Creators: name: Surace, Marco
name: Kokkotas, Kostas D.
name: Pnigouras, Pantelis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents an estimate for the spectral properties of the stochastic background of gravitational waves emitted by a population of hot, young, rapidly rotating neutron stars throughout the Universe undergoing $f$-mode instabilities, formed through either core-collapse supernova explosions or the merger of binary neutron star systems. Their formation rate, from which the gravitational wave event rate is obtained, is deduced from observation-based determinations of the cosmic star formation rate. The gravitational wave emission occurs during the spin-down phase of the $f$-mode instability. For low magnetized neutron stars and assuming 10\% of supernova events lead to $f$-mode unstable neutron stars, the background from supernova-derived neutron stars peaks at $Ω_{\text{gw}} \sim 10^{-9}$ for the $l=m=2$ $f$-mode, which should be detectable by cross-correlating a pair of second generation interferometers (e.g. Advanced LIGO/Virgo) with an upper estimate for the signal-to-noise ratio of $\approx$ 9.8. The background from supramassive neutron stars formed from binary mergers peaks at $Ω_{\text{gw}} \sim 10^{-10}$ and should not be detectable, even with third generation interferometers (e.g. Einstein Telescope).
Fashion Calendar
Creators: name: Carney, Erin
name: Carney, Erin
Publisher: name: Humanities Commons
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Clothing trade

description: The Fashion Calendar Research Database (FCRD) is a digitized archive showcasing the Fashion Institute of Technology’s Ruth Finley Collection, an extensive archive which includes her publications Fashion Calendar, Home Furnishings Calendar, and Fashion International. Published between 1941 and 2014, these periodicals document decades of fashion and design history.
TOWARDS LONGER LIVES: THE ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF LIFE EXTENSION BY CALORIE RESTRICTION AND CALORIE RESTRICTION MIMETICS
Creators: name: WAREHAM, CHRISTOPHER
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2013

description: A significant reduction in calorie intake, known as calorie restriction (CR), has been shown to increase lifespan in a wide variety of animal subjects. If these results translated to humans, CR, or CR mimicking drugs (CRMs) could substantially increase human lifespans. This project examines the social and ethical implications of extending lifespans using CR and CRMs. The thesis is in three parts. Part I looks closer at the empirical questions about CR and CRMs, and in particular the issue of whether results from animal studies would translate to humans. I argue that although the evidence is far from conclusive, there are grounds to think that CR could slow ageing and extend lifespan in humans. Part II examines the implications of prolonging lifespan for individual welfare. I argue that historical and philosophical objections to life extension on the grounds of individual welfare are unsuccessful against CR. CR itself may have some undesirable effects, although these are due to the stringent diet and are unlikely to apply to CRMs. Part III discusses the social impact of CRMs, assessing potential modes of distribution, as well as common ethical objections to life extension on the grounds of fairness and social welfare. I claim that it would be fair and feasible for public health services to distribute CRMs. Moreover, concerns about the demographic impact of longer lives can be mitigated. Overall, I claim that CR and CRMs are compatible with, and could further, values that are significant for individuals and societies.
Modeling and Experimental Study on Ductile-to-Brittle Cutting Mode Transition in Single Grit Diamond Scribing of Silicon: Application to Wire Sawing of Silicon Wafers
Creators: name: Wu, H.
name: Melkote, S.N.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 966-970
description: The ductile-to-brittle cutting mode transition in single grit diamond scribing of monocrystalline silicon is
investigated in this paper. Specifically, the effects of scriber tip shape and coefficient of friction on the critical depth of
cut associated with ductile-to-brittle transition and crack generation are studied via an eXtended Finite Element Method
(XFEM) based model, which is experimentally validated. Scribers with a large tip radius are shown to produce lower
tensile stresses and a larger critical depth of cut compared to scribers with a sharp tip. Spherical tipped scribers are shown
to generate only surface cracks while sharp conical tipped scribers with smaller included angles are found to create large
tensile stresses in the subsurface, which can lead to nucleation of subsurface median/lateral cracks. Lowering the friction
coefficient tends to increase the critical depth of cut and hence the extent of ductile mode cutting. This fundamental
knowledge is expected to be useful in optimizing the design and application of the diamond wire employed in fixed
abrasive wire sawing of photovoltaic silicon wafers.
Adaptation Logic for HTTP Dynamic Adaptive Streaming using Geo-Predictive Crowdsourcing
Creators: name: Dubin, Ran
name: Dvir, Amit
name: Pele, Ofir
name: Hadar, Ofer
name: Katz, Itay
name: Mashiach, Ori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The increasing demand for video streaming services with high Quality of Experience (QoE) has prompted a lot of research on client-side adaptation logic approaches. However, most algorithms use the client's previous download experience and do not use a crowd knowledge database generated by users of a professional service. We propose a new crowd algorithm that maximizes the QoE. Additionally, we show how crowd information can be integrated into existing algorithms and illustrate this with two state-of-the-art algorithms. We evaluate our algorithm and state-of-the-art algorithms (including our modified algorithms) on a large, real-life crowdsourcing dataset that contains 336,551 samples on network performance. The dataset was provided by WeFi LTD. Our new algorithm outperforms all other methods in terms of QoS (eMOS).
description: 10 pages
Reactive Magnetron Sputtering of Cu(In,Ga) Chalcopyrite Films for Thin Film Solar Cells
Creators: name: Seeger, S.
name: Rodríguez-Alvarez, H.
name: Ellmer, K.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2971-2974
description: Reactive Magnetron Sputtering (RMS) is a low temperature large-area deposition method. Already today,
RMS is widely used in thin film photovoltaics for the deposition of back contacts, metal precursor layers and window layers.
Recently we have shown that thin film solar cells with CuInS2 absorber layers prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering
exhibit efficiencies of more than 11 %. In this article we investigate the preparation of Cu(Ga,In)S(e)2 absorbers by
sputtering from CuGa targets. While the Cu(Ga,In)S2 solar cells were directly prepared by RMS in Ar/H2S the Cu(Ga,In)Se2
absorbers were prepared from CuGa/In precursor layers by rapid thermal (RT) selenization. Special emphasis was given to
the gallium distribution across the film thickness for both preparation processes.
Measurements of PV Systems According to German MV Grid Code
Creators: name: Geibel, D.
name: Arnold, G.
name: Degner, T.
name: Schäfer, N.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Balance of System Components

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3223-3228
description: The new German BDEW MV guideline demands static and dynamic functionalities from distributed
energy resource (DER) units in order to support network operation and stability. Initial indications show that, in
general, photovoltaic (PV) inverters are able to fulfil both the static and the dynamic requirements. Besides the new
requirements of the guideline, an extensive certification process for DER units and plants has also been introduced.
During initial certification processes, a significant need for PV-specific test procedures and test equipment has been
determined, since especially PV Systems have widely varying power ratings, ranging from a few kilowatts (e.g. string
inverters) to several megawatts (e.g. central inverters). Therefore laboratory infrastructure used for the test, especially
for dynamic requirements, has to be adopted with respect to the output power of the unit. This paper reflects the
developments within this area from the perspective of a measurement institute.
УПРАВЛЕНИЕ РАЗВИТИЕМ КРУПНОМАСШТАБНЫХ СИСТЕМ MLSD'2021
Creators: name: Институт проблем управления им. В. А. Трапезникова РАН
Publisher: name: Институт проблем управления им. В. А. Трапезникова РАН
Year: 2021

description: УПРАВЛЕНИЕ РАЗВИТИЕМ КРУПНОМАСШТАБНЫХ СИСТЕМ MLSD'2021
Kerf-Free Wafering for High-Volume, High-Efficiency c-Si Cell
Creators: name: Henley, F.
name: Kang, S.
name: Brailove, A.
name: Fujisaka, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 971-978
description: Kerfless silicon wafer-making equipment has been suggested as a cost-effective alternative to the wire
saw method. The potential benefits include greater materials utilization efficiency and lower cost. Until recently, EFG
and ribbon technologies (both liquid-solid phase crystallization kerf-free methods) were the only real “kerf-free”
methods that have been industrialized to any scale. Commercial efforts have now been abandoned as uncompetitive
with the steadily improving performance of wiresaw-based wafering of mono- and multi-crystalline Si ingots. To
become competitive and gain traction against modern wiresaw-based wafering, kerfless methods must support a sub-
100μm thickness roadmap while preserving monocrystalline wafer electrical quality and high mechanical strength.
Only solid-phase kerfless wafering with a substitutional to ultra-thin absorber thickness range can compete. One such
kerfless technology is ion beam-induced cleaving of crystalline silicon, demonstrated as capable of producing high
quality c-Si wafers in thicknesses ranging from 20 microns to 150 microns. Progress of this promising technology in
the form of wafering equipment at SiGen is described and demonstrates its low-cost wafering potential.
Generalized-Seniority Pattern and Thermal Properties in Even Sn Isotopes
Creators: name: Jia, L. Y.
name: Qi, Chong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Even tin isotopes of mass number $A = 108 \sim 124$ are calculated with realistic interactions in the generalized-seniority approximation of the nuclear shell model. For each nucleus, we compute the lowest ten thousand states ($5000$ of each parity) up to around $8$ MeV in excitation energy, by allowing as many as four broken pairs. The lowest fifty eigen energies of each parity are compared with the exact results of the large-scale shell-model calculation. The wavefunctions of the mid-shell nuclei show a clear pattern of the stepwise breakup of condensed coherent pairs with increasing excitation energy. We also compute in the canonical ensemble the thermal properties -- level density, entropy, and specific heat -- in relation to the thermal pairing phase transition.
Weighted projective lines of tubular type and equivariantization
Creators: name: Chen, Jianmin
name: Chen, Xiao-Wu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that the categories of coherent sheaves over weighted projective lines of tubular type are explicitly related to each other via the equivariantization with respect to certain cyclic group actions.
Evaluation of PV System Performance of Five Different PV Module Technologies
Creators: name: Allet, N.
name: Baumgartner, F.P.
name: Sutterlueti, J.
name: Schreier, L.
name: Pezzotti, M.
name: Haller, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3239-3247
description: Based on the outdoor test PV power plant near Zürich the performance regarding single module and
grid connected string of five different cell technologies has been analyzed and compared to indoor measurements.
Good correlation between indoor and outdoor behavior has been shown for irradiance around 1000W/m2. For multi c-
Si, mono c-Si and a-Si/μc-Si the determined performance values agree within ±2% between indoor and outdoor
measurement. Regarding the lowlight performance, evaluation depends on the irradiance reference sensor. While the
performance is well determinable regarding self-reference to ISC using c-Si based reference cells shows increasing
instability towards lower irradiance due to spectral mismatch. Nevertheless the c-Si reference cell based model has
proven to predict energetic output of single module well below measurement uncertainty within ±0.6% for all
technologies for the analyzed timeframe and revealed problems in the inverter’s maximum power point tracking.
Influence of the Excess Carrier Lifetime Depth Profile on the Emitted PL-Spectrum of Chalcopyrite Thin Films
Creators: name: Knabe, S.
name: Langemeyer, M.
name: Heidemann, F.
name: Bauer, G.H.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2964-2966
description: Photoluminescence (PL) emitted from excited semiconductors provides experimental access to
parameters like the splitting of quasi-Fermi-levels, optical absorption in the regimes of band-band transitions and for
low gap photon energies, as well as temperature. The emitted luminescence photons resulting from radiative
recombination is strongly influenced by lifetime, diffusion length of excess carriers and thus governed by their depth
profile density and bona fide their respective life time profile.
We have numerically solved the diffusion equation for the excess carrier density with depth depended lifetime
profiles originating by a depth dependent defect density using a residual control based boundary value problem
solver. The emitted PL from the absorber has been calculated on the basis of the excess density with a 1D-matrix
transfer formalism including propagation, multireflection at phase boundaries and re-absorption of pl-photons.
These results were used to interpret and understand calibrated and spectrally resolved room temperature
photoluminescence from CIGSe and CIS absorbers sandwiched between Mo rear contacts and CdS-Window layers
(with and without ZnO coatings) in terms of a depth dependence of defect distribution.
On absolute values of QK functions
Creators: name: Bao, Guanlong
name: Lou, Zengjian
name: Qian, Ruishen
name: Wulan, Hasi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30D50, 30H25, 46E15

description: In this paper, the effect of absolute values on the behavior of functions $f$ in the spaces $\mathcal{Q}_K$ is investigated. It is clear that $f\in \mathcal{Q}_K(\partial {\mathbb{D}}) \Rightarrow |f|\in \mathcal{Q}_K(\partial {\mathbb{D}})$, but the converse is not always true. For $f$ in the Hardy space $H^2$, we give a condition involving the modulus of the function only, such that this condition together with $|f|\in \mathcal{Q}_K(\partial {\mathbb{D}})$ is equivalent to $f\in \mathcal{Q}_K$. As an application, a new criterion for inner-outer factorisation of $\mathcal{Q}_K$ spaces is given. These results are also new for $\mathcal{Q}_p$ spaces.
Monitoring of Incoming Silicon PV Wafers with Modified Surface Photovoltage (SPV) Minority Carrier Diffusion Length Method
Creators: name: Wilson, M.
name: Savtchouk, A.
name: Buchholz, F.
name: Olibet, S.
name: Kopecek, R.
name: Peter, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 979-983
description: The noncontact ac-surface photovoltage technique is modified to enable reliable measurement of the
minority diffusion length in incoming silicon PV wafers. The modifications to overcome very low SPV signal in
wafers with saw damage include three elements; 1- increased photon flux in a range that still maintains advantages of
low injection level; 2- elevated frequency light modulation with increased averaging that enhances signal to noise
ratio and 3- thermal preconditioning of surface to create depletion layer SPV. The technique is tested using
comparative measurements on Cz wafers and MC wafers with saw damage and after a saw damage removal etch.
Consistently similar results were obtained before and after etching for diffusion length L, and for iron and boronoxygen
defect concentrations. The results demonstrate excellent repeatability that for a L of about 100μm is 0.1%.
The repeatability data for Fe and boron-oxygen enable to evaluate defect detection limits in low e9 atoms/cm3 range.
To our knowledge, no other techniques can match such sensitivity for as-cut saw damaged wafers.
Development towards 20% Efficient n-Type Si MWT Solar Cells for Low-Cost Industrial Production
Creators: name: Guillevin, N.
name: Heurtault, B.J.B.
name: Bennett, I.
name: Guichoux, M.G.
name: Geerligs, L.J.
name: Weeber, A.W.
name: Hu, Z.
name: Li, G.
name: Zhao, W.
name: Chen, Y.
name: Wang, J.
name: Wang, Z..
name: Chen, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 989-994
description: Low “Euros per Watt-peak” and ease of industrialization are the main drivers towards successful
introduction on the market. In this regard, back-contact solar cells on n-type silicon offer significant benefits. The
efficiency of back-contact cells, such as Metal Wrap Through (MWT) cells, compared to the traditional H-pattern
cells is higher at cell level, thanks to the reduced shading losses, and is higher at module level, thanks to the reduced
interconnection resistance losses. N-type silicon benefits from improved electrical properties of n-type silicon
compared to p-type (higher minority carrier diffusion lengths, lower sensitivity to many impurities). Furthermore, the
availability of an industrial cell process designed by ECN, resulting in bifacial cells (good rear surface passivation
and light trapping), makes n-type silicon a perfect candidate for high efficiency solar cells and requires only modest
changes to the current wafer and cell production processes. In order to reduce processing costs and increase module
efficiencies, we have started two years ago the development of the Metal-Wrap-Through (MWT) solar cell
technology on n-type mono-crystalline silicon wafers. Within the last year, efficiency of our MWT silicon solar cells
manufactured from n-type Cz silicon wafers has been improved by 1% absolute. Based on common industrial cell
processing steps such as diffusion, screen-printing metallization and firing through, we have obtained efficiencies up
to 19.7% (in-house measurements) on large area wafers (239 cm², 5 Ωcm), with clear potential for further
improvement. In this article, we present a first direct comparison experiment between n-type bifacial MWT and non
back-contact n-type bifacial H-pattern technologies, in which an efficiency gain of 0.30% absolute for MWT cells is
demonstrated. At the moment, series resistance and, as a result, fill factor are still sub-optimal. Nevertheless, with
current density (Jsc) values approaching 40 mA/cm2 and open circuit voltage of 644 mV, n-type MWT solar cells
already outperform n-type H-pattern cells manufactured with a comparable process. Furthermore, first results on
modules are presented.
Photoluminescence Lifetime Imaging Using LED Arrays as Excitation Source
Creators: name: Lawerenz, A.
name: Lauer, K.
name: Blech, M.
name: Laades, A.
name: Zentgraf, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2486-2489
description: In recent years photoluminescence (PL) has been introducd as a fast and versatile tool for
characterising silicon wafers and solar cells. For PL imaging a laser as excitation source is usually used. In this
contribution we replaced the laser with light emitting diode (LED) arrays, which have the advantage of avoiding the
need to widen and homogenise the laser beam. By means of LED arrays, PL images can be obtained with the same
quality as the laser beam excited photoluminescence. There is experimental evidence that LED excited PL is capable
of measuring the lifetime distribution without artifacts that are possibly caused by internal electrical fields and that
are encountered in other methods like microwave detected photoconductance decay (MWPCD). A possibly new
effect is encountered in a solar cell under open circuit condition where finger-interrupted regions show unexpected
high PL signal in comparison to electroluminescence.
Update of Energy Payback Time Data for Crystalline Silicon PV Modules
Creators: name: Wetzel, T.
name: Feuerstein, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Environmental Impacts, Recycling and Waste Management

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3191-3195
description: This paper presents results of a recent PV energy life cycle study, with a focus on the energy payback
time achievable with state-of-the-art production chains for conventional mono- and multi-crystalline silicon based
modules. The data has been taken directly from state of the art large scale production facilities of leading European
manufacturers for metallurgical grade silicon, polysilicon, wafers, cells and modules. As the participating
manufacturers represent large market shares in their fields, the data can be regarded as representative for the
assessment of crystalline silicon based modules in Europe in general. The resulting energy payback time values
between 1 and 1.5 years prove the continuing significant progress in efficient energy and material utilization
achievable in PV mass production. Comparisons with former work by other authors are part of the elaboration. The
paper does also address potential fields for further improvement in all production steps, based on the detailed data
frame of the study.
Module Integrated Power Converters – a Comparison of State-of-the-Art Concepts and Performance Test Results
Creators: name: Bründlinger, R.
name: Henze, N.
name: Lauss, G.
name: Liu, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Balance of System Components

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3204-3211
description: The potential yield increase and reduction of losses in a PV system are the key reasons for the application of
module integration power electronic converters. However, the requirements in terms of reliability, durability and long lifetime
are very high. This paper presents a scheme to categorize module integrated power converters on the market today and
analyses loss mechanisms and key performance criteria. The two main concepts, DC/DC converters (“Power Optimizers”)
and DC/AC “Micro Inverters” are compared one to each other in terms of performance aiming at supporting PV system installers
and planners for the selection of the most appropriate solution. Theoretical investigations are complemented by test
results, including conversion and MPPT performance for a set of state-of-the-art module integrated power converters. These
extensive figures go far beyond the information provided in datasheets and are a key requirement for an accurate estimation
of the performance and economy of these new concepts for PV systems.
Novel Circuit Topology and Modular Design Approach to Utility Scale Inverter with High Flexibility and Performance, Combined to Low Installation and Operation Cost
Creators: name: Valiani, M.
name: Martini, D.
name: Grotti, S.
name: Soldani, S.
name: Marcianesi, A.
name: Trova, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Balance of System Components

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3212-3222
description: Utility-grade Photovoltaic (PV) Power Plants are driving the Renewable Energy Market transition towards the grid parity. This requirement is increasing the need to reduce the initial cost of the system (CAPEX) and the installation, operation and maintenance costs (OPEX). The inverter plays a strategic role to drive both these requisites. In this paper an innovative design for a PV Megawatt range inverter is presented. A new patent pending [1] multilevel topology allows increasing the conversion efficiency while moving the output voltage from 320Vrms to industry-standard 690Vrms. As a consequence, several plant and system optimizations become simpler and cost effective. The adoption of an integrated DC/DC front-end extends the flexibility of the machine, giving backward compatibility with 1kV-rated PV fields and preparing the accommodation of future higher voltage installations. This technical solution extends significantly the energy harvesting capability at low irradiance and high cell-temperature. The selected topology is suitable for industry-grade power switches (600V/1200V-rated IGBTs) rather than custom/high-voltage and makes possible an advanced grounding strategy of the PV array to mitigate Potential Induced Degradation. A high power density has been achieved employing closed-circuit water and venting systems paired with a weatherproof IP65 assembly for severe environment outdoor installation. Low Mean-Time-To-Repair and minimization of single-fault impact have been obtained using a modular approach to up-scale the system.
Towards People Behaviour Prediction with Deep Learning Approach
Creators: name: Isiaka, Fatima
name: Sophia, Al Sharji
Publisher: name: International Journal of Cognitive and User Behaviour Modelling
Year: 2024

description: Deep learning and pattern recognition are highly relevant to research areas that are commonly used in fields such as behaviour analytics, user interaction, human factors and robotics with artificial intelligence. And despite their overlapping similarities, these similar concepts have nothing in common. In this paper, we discussed itsapplications in behaviour detection in people, especially in an indiscreet environment with some of the differences in the concepts surrounding the three models of deep learning and their applications to abnormal behaviour tracking in people in an indiscreet environment. The procedures in the mechanisms of Auto- ncoder,Decoders, Convolutional Neural network (CNN), and Recurrent Neural network were applied in the motion detection for abnormal behaviour prediction in people the performance in tracker operation characteristics was used to describe the performance rate of each tracking process. The results showed that normal behaviourin people has a more perfect fit to the models than abnormal behaviour patterns ; the performance rate in decoders has a regular balance in the tracking phase compared to the other models.
Effect of Substrate Temperatures on the Properties of Cu (In ,Ca)Se2 Thin Films and Devices
Creators: name: Wang, H.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Kou, X.L.
name: He, Q.
name: Sun, Y.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2961-2963
description: Polycrystalline Cu(In, Ga)Se2 thin films were deposited onto soda-lime glass substrates using one-stage
co-evaporation process at the substrate temperatures varying from 350 to 550. Under the different substrate
temperatures (Tsub), the structural and electrical properties of CIGS films have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD),
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Hall effect measurement. The higher Tsub resulted in large grain size and
single-phase CIGS films, but the additional Bragg peaks of secondary-phase (In ,Ga)2Se3 appeared below 500. With
the increase of Tsub from 350, the carrier concentration of the films became larger, particularly for the sample grown
above 450. However, the resistivity decreased as Tsub increased, and it would be changed rapidly when the temperature
is in the region from 500 to 550. It was considered that these abrupt changes were relevant to the sodium concentration
and the existence of the (In ,Ga)2Se3 phase.The correlation of cell parameters with Tsub was also analyzed. The higher
Tsub leaded to a better fill factor (FF) and higher efficiency. The Voc and Jsc had distinct transformations at Tsub of
500and 550, which was attributed to the sufficient gallium combined with the CuInSe2 actively after Tsub exceeding
500 and eventually formed the single-phase Cu(In,Ga)Se2.
Robustness of Energy Yield Measurements of Photovoltaic Modules
Creators: name: Gottschalg, R.
name: Betts, T.R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3234-3238
description: The paper investigates when variations in the specific yield (kWh/kWp) in the inter-comparisons of
photovoltaic modules are meaningful. A model for the estimation of uncertainties is developed and used to quantify
uncertainties in the comparability of devices. It is shown that the absolute measurement uncertainty is not the critical
determinant in the comparability in the measurements. The major contributions are in the selection of modules, the value
chosen for the normalisation (i.e. kWp value) and the naturally occurring environmental variations across the sites. It
appears to be very difficult to get a comparability better than 4.5% (k=2), which means that differences in the specific
yield below this are actually not statistically meaningful. The only way to overcome this is to measure statistical number
(n>2) to get a better comparability.
Reverse Bias Damage in CIGS Modules
Creators: name: Westin, P.-O.
name: Zimmermann, U.
name: Stolt, L.
name: Edoff, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2967-2970
description: When solar modules are partially shaded they will be under conditions of partial reverse bias. To test
and evaluate the effect of reverse bias, CIGS thin film PV modules were placed under extreme conditions of reverse
stress. Stressing caused modules to exhibit visible “wormlike” damages. These damages were caused by hot spot
activity during reverse stress. Local heating resulted in pore formation and forced the hot spot to move within the cell.
This effect appeared to cause intermixing of the top ZnO layer with the CIGS absorber. Some phase segregation of an
undetermined, Cu rich compound was also found near the back contact. Electrically, the observed damages caused
local shunt conductance to increase resulting in irreversibly reduced module fill factors.
Belt Furnace Versus Standard Tube Furnace to Produce Al BSF
Creators: name: Zanesco, I.
name: Moehlecke, A.
name: Prá Veleda, P.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2501-2504
description: Aluminum is the most used material to produce back surface field (BSF) in solar cells and low cost or
more efficient fabrication processes have been studied. The purpose of this paper is to compare n+pp+ solar cells with
BSF obtained by Al diffused in belt and standard furnace. Aluminum was deposited by e-beam evaporation. Cells
processed in standard furnace were fabricated in pilot production with optimized process. In order to compare the
results, the process to perform the Al-BSF in the belt furnace was also optimized. In this process, the belt speed
during aluminum diffusion and firing temperature of the metallization pastes were experimentally optimized
considering the electric characteristics of the solar cells. The minority carrier lifetime was measured after thermal
steps and diffusion length was obtained from LBIC measurements. We observed that solar cells processed in belt
furnace present the average diffusion length 45 % lower, but the uniformity of this parameter is higher. The
efficiency of 15.2 % was obtained when solar cells with Al-BSF were processed in the belt furnace and dry air. This
result is similar to the efficiency of 15.4 % measured in solar cells fabricated in the standard furnace using high
purity gases.
New Cost Saving c-Si PV Wafer Slicing Process by Advanced Wire Technology
Creators: name: Heppner, D.
name: Sueldia, R.
name: Daridon, A.
name: Nasch, P.M.
name: Yin, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 949-955
description: Reaching grid parity in the photovoltaic industry requires constant efforts in cost reduction. Within the
c-Si PV technology, the wafer slicing process, accounting for more than a third of the final cost per watt of a PV
system, provides great opportunities. Today’s state-of-the-art technology for c-Si wafering is based on multi-wire saw
using abrasive grains as the cutting agent suspended and transported in a liquid media (“slurry”). The productivity
and quality of the wafer slicing process essentially relies on the capability to transport slurry into the cutting channel.
Because higher manufacturing rates are pushing down the cost per watt of solar, there is a need to improve
entrainment of the abrasive material by the saw wire. The new process developed and discussed here consists of
applying a thin 120m diameter structured wire for wafer slicing. The structured wire is a metal saw wire with a
plurality of crimps (waves) alternatively oriented in two orthogonal planes. This advance wire technology is already
proven in slicing silicon in the brick shaping steps. Laboratory results are discussed in comparative terms with respect
to standard smooth straight wire. It is shown that wafer slicing with thin structured wire yields high quality cutting at
20% reduced wire consumption, 25% higher productivity, and 20% higher efficiency. These benefits translates into
an estimated net $2-4¢/wafer slicing cost reduction.
D2.4: Technical documentation of the digital solutions and key requirements for successful deployment
Creators: name: Steffelbauer, David
name: Caradot, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In DWC, different digital solutions will be tested and assessed regarding their potential to improve the performance and return on investment of water infrastructures. The present report (D2.4) describes the individual solutions with their technical specifications, their addressed challenges and their added value in the form of fact sheets. The document aims to help cities and water utilities in finding appropriate solutions for their operational, environmental or public health deficits.
Fundamental Limits of Spectrum Sharing Full-Duplex Multicell Networks
Creators: name: Chae, Sung Ho
name: Jeon, Sang-Woon
name: Lim, Sung Hoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper studies the degrees of freedom of full-duplex multicell networks that share the spectrum among multiple cells in a non-orthogonal setting. In the considered network, we assume that {\em full-duplex} base stations with multiple transmit and receive antennas communicate with multiple single-antenna mobile users. By spectrum sharing among multiple cells and (simultaneously) enabling full-duplex radio, the network can utilize the spectrum more flexibly, but, at the same time, the network is subject to multiple sources of interference compared to a network with separately dedicated bands for distinct cells and uplink--downlink traffic. Consequently, to take advantage of the additional freedom in utilizing the spectrum, interference management is a crucial ingredient. In this work, we propose a novel strategy based on interference alignment which takes into account inter-cell interference and intra-cell interference caused by spectrum sharing and full-duplex to establish a general achievability result on the sum degrees of freedom of the considered network. Paired with an upper bound on the sum degrees of freedom, which is tight under certain conditions, we demonstrate how spectrum sharing and full-duplex can significantly improve the throughput over conventional cellular networks, especially for a network with large number of users and/or cells.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures, submitted to IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
D1.3: Early warning and improved decision support for health protection in water reuse and bathing water
Creators: name: Murtas, Susanna
name: Seis, Wolfgang
name: Housni, Sofia
name: Fatone, Francesco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This document describes the implementation of early warning and improved decision support systems for health protection in bathing water and water reuse for agricultural irrigation. Particularly, the document reports description of the planning and design phase, the rationale for the implementation choices, and outcomes of the demonstration.
The post-outburst pulsations of the accreting white dwarf in the cataclysmic variable GW Librae
Creators: name: Chote, P.
name: Sullivan, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new time-series photometry of the accreting pulsating white dwarf system GW Librae obtained in 2012 and 2013 at the University of Canterbury Mt John Observatory in New Zealand. Our 2012 data show the return of a $\sim$19 minute periodicity that was previously detected in 2008. This pulsation mode was a dominant feature of our quality May 2012 data set, which consisted of six contiguous nights; a detailed analysis indicated a degree of frequency variability. We show by comparison with the previously identified pulsation modes that this periodicity is best explained as a new mode, and that the quasi-stability of the periods appears to be a general feature of the pulsations in these systems. We also find a previously unreported 3-hour modulation period, which we believe to be related to the known two and four hour periods of so far unknown origin.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
Influence of Hydrogen on Interstitial Iron Concentration in Multicrystalline Silicon
Creators: name: Karzel, P.
name: Frey, A.
name: Fritz, S.
name: Hahn, G.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 909-913
description: The purpose of this work is to investigate the influence of in-diffusing atomic H into a multicrystalline
silicon (mc-Si) wafer on the concentration of interstitial iron (Fei). Vertically adjacent wafers were annealed with and
without in-diffusing H. In-diffusion was realized by exposing the samples to a microwave induced remote hydrogen
plasma (MIRHP). [Fei] was detected based on lifetime measurements before and after dissociating the FeB complex.
Surface passivation was achieved by a quinhydrone-methanol solution to avoid further temperature steps and indiffusion
of H during passivation. From [Fei] measurements before and after the annealing steps with and without H,
the influence of H alone on [Fei] could be accessed.
The results were compared to experiments where SiNx:H layers were used as surface passivation for [Fei]
measurements after low temperature anneals (300°C – 500°C).
It could be shown that a H plasma atmosphere has a strong additional effect on the reduction of [Fei] compared to
temperature effects alone. This additional reduction is proportional to the [Fei] after the annealing step alone.
Time-dependent spectral-feature variations of stars displaying the B[e] phenomenon III. HD 50138
Creators: name: Jeřábková, T.
name: Korčáková, D.
name: Miroshnichenko, A.
name: Danford, S.
name: Zharikov, S. V.
name: Kříček, R.
name: Zasche, P.
name: Votruba, V.
name: Šlechta, M.
name: Škoda, P.
name: Janík, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse spectroscopic observations of the B[e] star HD 50138 (MWC 158, V743 Mon, or IRAS 06491-0654), a member of the FS CMa group, obtained over the last twenty years. Four different epochs are identified in the observational data, where the variability of the spectral features is substantially different. Additionally, two long periods of (3 000 +/- 500) and (5 000 +/- 1000) days are found in the variations of the equivalent widths of the H alpha and [OI] 6300 A lines and radial velocities of the H alpha line violet peak. Modest signatures of a regular period of ~34 days in the radial velocities of the H alpha red peak and H beta central depression are found in the season 2013/2014. The H alpha V/R changes indicate a periodicity of ~50 days. The correlations between individual spectral features significantly restricts the model of the object and suggest that it is most likely a binary system with a highly distorted disc with spiral arms around the primary component. At the same time, no obvious signs of the secondary component has been found in the object's spectrum.