Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis Zhou 2009
Creators: name: Burgin, Connor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus
Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis

description: 41. Chinese Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> <i>Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis</i> French: Rhinolophe du <i>Xi</i> Nan Zhongguo <i>I</i> <b>German:</b> China-Hufeisennase <i>I</i> <b>Spanish:</b> Herradura china <b>Other common names:</b> South-western China Horseshoe Bat, Wedge-sella Horseshoe Bat Taxonomy. <i>Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis</i> Zhou Zhaomin <i>et al,</i> 2009, “ Wumulong, Yongde County, Yunnan <i>Province</i>, China 24°22’N, 99°39’ <b>E</b> 1980 m above sea level.” <i>Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis</i> is the <i>only</i> representative of the <i>xinanzhongguoensis</i> species group. Noseleaf morphology aligns it with the <i>landeri</i> group, <b>but</b> its larger size and genetic evidence differentiate it as a distinct clade. <i>Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis</i> is nested in the Afro-Palearctic clade of species groups, including the <i>ferrumequinum, fumigatus, maclaudi, euryale, capensis,</i> and <i>landeri</i> groups. <i>Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis</i> seems to be sister to a clade including the <i>maclaudi,</i> and <i>fumigatus</i> groups, although exact phylogenetic relationship between these species groups is still uncertain. <i>Monotypic</i>. <b>Distribution.</b> Known only from a few localities in Yunnan (Yongde) and Guizhou (Jinsha, Suiyang, and Guiyang) provinces in S China. Descriptive <b>notes.</b> Head—body 59—70 mm, tail 30-39 mm, ear 21—22 mm, forearm 58-7-60- 4 mm; <i>weight</i> 20-26 g. Dorsal pelage is dull medium brown (hairs have light brown bases and medium brown tips); venter is paler brown (hairs have darker bases). There is no orange morph. Males lack axillary tufts. Ears are small (34-9—37-5% of forearm length) and semi-translucent brown. Noseleaf has hastate lancet that tapers with concave sides to pointed tip; connecting process is high and pointed, with anterior surface concave in profile and <i>slightly</i> convex posterior surface; sella is parallel-sided near base and slightly concave medially, gradually narrowing <i>distally</i> to wedge-shaped, rounded tip; and horseshoe is <i>relatively</i> narrow at 8-9-9- 5 mm wide, does <i>not</i> cover entire muzzle, and has lateral leaflets and shallow median emargination. Lower lip has three medial grooves. <i>Wings</i> and uropatagium are dark brown. Baculum has large basal cone, subequal in height and width, and <i>slightly</i> compressed dorso-ventrally; basal cone is <i>deeply</i> notched in ventral and dorsal margins (less in dorsal margin); and shaft is straight and cylindrical toward rounded tip. Skull is moderately robust but slender, with zygomatic width slightly less than mastoid width; nasal swellings are high and conspicuous, rising slightly forward; sagittal crest is low but distinct; frontal depression is moderately deep but conspicuous; and supraorbital crests are poorly developed. P2 is small and displaced labially from tooth row; C1 and P4 are still separated; and P3 is very tiny and slightly displaced labially and separates P2 and P. <b>Habitat.</b> Subtropical lower montane mixed forests with karst formations at elevations of 1500 <b>-</b> 1980 m. <b>Food and Feeding.</b> No information. Breeding. <i>A</i> female Chinese Horseshoe Bat with one embryo was captured in April. <b>Activity patterns.</b> Chinese Horseshoe Bats are nocturnal. <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> Holotype of the Chinese Horseshoe Bat was captured in a cave with <i>c</i>.100 other bats, most ofwhich seemed to be Intermediate Horseshoe Bats (<i>R affinis).</i> <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Near Threatened on <i>The</i> IUCN <i>ed List.</i> The Chinese <i>Horseshoe</i> Bat is <i>currently</i> known from <i>only</i> eight specimens collected over 50 years from four spread-out localities. It is threatened by deforestation from logging and agriculture and cave tourism. Its distribution is highly fragmented with agricultural landscapes. <b>Bibliography.</b> Benda &amp; Vallo (2012), Zhou Zhaomin &amp; Jiang <i>Xuelong</i> (2017), Zhou Zhaomin et al. (2009).
description: Published as part of <i>Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, pp. 280-332 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on page 300, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3748525