Ankara Castle Deterioration problems (2.Edition )
Creators: name: Tokmak, Musa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 120102 Architectural Heritage and Conservation
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: This is the second edition of my master dissertion. The VDM Verlag Dr.Müller Publishing Company from Germany had my thesis published in 2005.The book aimed to identify deterioration problems, repair and conservation needs of andesites on the walls of the Ankara Castle. Decay forms of walls were documented by visual examination. Samples taken from the surface of the weathered andesites were examined for their basic physical, mechanical compositional and minerological properties. The bulk density and total porosity were determined as basic physical properties. The mechanical properties were expressed as ultrasonic velocity and modulus of elasticity (Emod). Compositional and mineralogical properties were determined by optical microscopy and XRD analyses.Soluble salt content of the andesite samples was determined by spot tests of anions and electrical conductivity measurements. Findings were evaluated in terms of the long-term weathering behaviour of andesites under the effect of the prevailing climate, air pollution problems of Ankara, dampness problems of the structure, previous repairs with incompatible cement mortars.The surfaces of Ankara Castle andesite blocks were heavily weathered. The results were compared with the physical and mechanical properties of fresh andesites from Gölbaşı-Ankara quarry. The surface of the andesite blocks at the Ankara Castle, had low bulk density and high porosity, low ultrasonic velocity and low Emod values. Thin section and XRD analyses supported those results by revealing the presence of physical and chemical weathering on feldspars and other main minerals of andesite, as well as the presence of amorphous minerals at the surface. <br><b>İletişim: Musa TOKMAK</b><b>email:musatokmak3@yahoo.com</b><b>Whatsapp:05365632256</b><b>İnstagram: http://www.instagram.com/drmusatokmak (Erasmus+ KA101 KA229 KA105 Örnek Projelerin linkleri Fotoğrafların içinde yorumdadır)</b><b>Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCH9jgs9ZaH6chDzMq5x7CPg</b><br>ANAHTAR KELİMELER:stone deterioration,salt,decay,stone deterioration patterns,glossary,crack,fissures,alteration,deformation,blistering,bursting,delimanation,fracture,star crack,hair crack,splitting,coving,erosion,mechanical damage,alveolization,loss of components,loss of matrix,rounding,roughening,scratch,abrasion,keying,differential erosion,impact damage,cut,crust,black crust,slat crust,deposit,efflorescence,encrustation,concretion,moist area,bleaching,biological colonization,alga,crumbling,granular disintegration,powdering,chalking,sanding,sugaring,chipping,flaking,contour scalling,spalling,microkarst,missing part,performation,pitting,film,glossy aspect,graffiti,patina,iron rich patina,oxalate patina,soiling,subflorescence,lichen,moss,mould,plant,B. Fitzner, K. Heinrichs &amp; R. Kownatzki,Biological colonization,Discoloration and deposit ,Features induced by material loss,Crack and deformation,Termes généraux,Fissure et déformation,Détachement,Figures induites par une perte de matière,Altération chromatique et dépôt,Colonisation biologique,Dégât mécanique,qui regroupe,tracesd’impact,rayures,figures,abrasionFeatures induced by material loss,fissuration en etoile,microfissure,craquellement,clivage,boursouflure,eclatement,delitage,desagregation,creusement,erosion differentielle,perte, de constituants,de matrice,croute noire,croute saline,depot, alteration chromatique,coloration,algue,mousse,moisissure,desagregation, desagregation granulaire, pulverulence,farinage, desagregation sableuse, desagregation saccharoide,erosion en boule,augmentation de rugosite,degat mecanique,trace d'impact,incision,assombrissement du a l'humidite,tache, encroutement,plante,concretion,fragmentation en esquilles, partie manquante,ecaillage,patina ferrugieuse,desquamation en plaque,trou,patina d'oxalates,encrassement,weathering,ALTÉRATION MÉTÉORIQUEchemical deterioration,physcial deterioration,Modification des propriétés physicochimiques,stone,chemical or physical modification ,Limestone relief,Bas relief en pierre calcaire,Rusting iron, La corrosion d’éléments métalliques,rusting dowels,Marble sculpture,Horizontal fracture, colonne en Déformation plastique, distorsion, gauchissement pierre calcaire,Plastic deformation, bowing,tombstones, marble cladding,pierres tombales, pierres agrafées, convex deformation,sedimentary rocks, some metamorphic rocks,préféré à effritement,porosity,accumulate,BIOLOGICAL COLONIZATION,colonisation biologique,bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae, fungi and lichen,bactéries, cyanobactéries, algues, moisissures et<br><br>