Theridion hannoniae Denis 1944
Creators: name: Knoflach, Barbara
name: Rollard, Christine
name: Thaler, Konrad
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theridiidae
Theridion
Theridion hannoniae

description: <i>Theridion hannoniae</i> Denis, 1944 Figs 45-47, 50-52, 56 <b>Material examined. Tunisia: Hammamet, coast, 1 &amp;female;, 27.2.1997, leg. B. Knoflach and K. Thaler</b> . Hammamet W, at coast, 1 &amp;male;, 22.- 29.9.1980, leg. E. and A.D. Kreissl. <b>Algeria:</b> Souk Harras, 1 &amp;female; (MHNP AR 2892, sub <i>Theridion luctinosum</i>), det. E. Simon (prosoma length 0.78 mm). Collective vial “ Constantine, Boghari, Tlemcen ”, 1 &amp;male; 6 &amp;female; (MHNP AR 2890, sub <i>Theridion petraeum minus</i>), det. E. Simon. <b>Portugal:</b> Faro - Albufeira, Olhos de Aqua, at street, under paper, 1 &amp;female;, 9.7.2001, leg. J. Buchar. Faro, saline area at coast, 1 &amp;male; 1 juvenile, 9.7.2001, leg. J. Buchar. <b>Spain:</b> Lerida-surroundings, xerothermic site, 1 &amp;female;, 22.7.1982, leg. Thaler. Mallorca, Algaida, Alcudia, 2 &amp;female; (CTh), 1.4.- 8.4.1968, leg. V. Mahnert. <b>France:</b> N-Corsica, Calvi, Forêt de Bonifatu, Bocca di Erbaghiolu, 42°26’22.1’’N 08°50’40.4’’E, 800 m, 1 &amp;male; 1 &amp;female;, 30.4.2001, in boulder scree, leg. B. Knoflach and K. Thaler [Th-405 Co-01/4]. <b>Italy:</b> Toscana, Grosseto, Alberese, Sei Busi, pitfall trap, leg. P. Cenzi: 5 &amp;male; 3 &amp;female; 2 subadult &amp;male; 4 juveniles 2.7.1987. 4 &amp;male; 1 &amp;female; 1 subadult &amp;male; 4 juveniles 23.7.1987. 1 &amp;male; 8.8.1987. 6 &amp;male; 1 subadult &amp;male; 1.9.1987. 3 &amp;male; 1 juvenile 20.9.1987. 2 &amp;male; 1 subadult &amp;male; 7 juveniles 10.10.1987. 1 &amp;male; 1 subadult &amp;male; 1 juvenile 30.10.1987. 10 &amp;male; 5 &amp;female; 9 subadult &amp;male; 12 juveniles 11.12.1987. 4 &amp;male; 8 &amp;female; 1 subadult &amp;male; 1 juvenile 1.4.1988. 2 &amp;male; 5 &amp;female; 4 juveniles 1.5.1988. 2 subadult &amp;male; 38 juveniles 2.6.1988. 3 &amp;male; 1 &amp;female; 6 juveniles 2.7.1988. Toscana, Grosseto, Alberese, Le Tofane, pitfall trap, leg. P. Cenzi: 1 &amp;male; 7 juveniles 2.7.1987. 1 &amp;male; 1 &amp;female; 1 subadult &amp;male; 2 juveniles 23.7.1987. 2 juveniles 8.8.1987. 5 &amp;male; 1 subadult &amp;male; 2 juveniles 1.9.1987. 3 juveniles 20.9.1987. 2 &amp;male; 3 subadult &amp;male; 7 juveniles 10.10.1987. 1 &amp;male; 1 juvenile 30.10.1987. 6 &amp;male; 1 &amp;female; 3 subadult &amp;male; 3 juveniles 11.12.1987. 1 &amp;male; 2 &amp;female; 1.4.1988. 2 &amp;male; 2 &amp;female; 1 juvenile 1.5.1988. 3 &amp;female; 6 juveniles 2.6.1988. 4 &amp;male; 2 &amp;female; 1 juvenile 2.7.1988. Emilia-Romagna, Forli, 4 &amp;male;, 1992, pitfall trap, leg. M. Paoletti and V. Celano. Voucher specimens deposited in CTh, MHNG, MHNP, NHMB, NMW if not specifically indicated. <b>Description, identification.</b> Denis (1944), Wunderlich (1987; sub <i>T. denisi</i> Wunderlich, 1987), Thaler and Noflatscher (1990), Bosmans et al. (1994), Kloid (1994), Roberts (1998), Nentwig et al. (2003), Warmingham and Merrett (2009, in press). <b>Measurements.</b> Fig. 56, smaller sibling species of <i>Theridion pyrenaeum</i>. Males (n=5, min-max): Total length 1.6-1.9, carapace length 0.7-0.8, width 0.6-0.7, length femur I 1.2-1.3, tibia I 1.0- 1.1 mm. Females (n=5, min-max): Total length 2.0-2.9, carapace length 0.7-0.8, width 0.7-0.8, length femur I 0.9-1.3, tibia I 0.7-1.0 mm. <b>Somatic features, colouration.</b> Carapace and sternum brown to dark brown. Legs yellowish with dark annulations. Abdomen greyish brown with dorsal whitish folium. Venter dark, with two distinct white patches. Male epigaster protruding. Colour pattern as in <i>Theridion pyrenaeum</i>. <b>Male palp</b> (Figs 45-47). Conformation of male palp as in other representatives of the <i>Theridion varians</i> group (see Knoflach 1998). Conductor, median apophysis and theridiid tegular apophysis of specific shape, albeit highly concordant with the sibling species <i>T. pyrenaeum</i>. Median apophysis sickle-shaped, with abruptly narrowing, pointed, light prolateral tip. Theridiid tegular apophysis bifid. Differentiation from <i>T. pyrenaeum</i> by smaller dimension: Cymbium 0.32-0.38 mm long (mean 0.35, n=13). Distal part of embolus 0.18, 0.20, 0.25 mm long (n=3). <b>Epigynum /vulva</b> (Figs 50-52). Epigynal cavity marked by two longitudinal, sclerotised ridges encircling roughly a square, with copulatory orifices situated at the anterior edges. Copulatory ducts diverge sideways, form a wider inwards coil and another small turn before entering receptacula. Overall genital morphology as in <i>T. pyrenaeum</i>, distinguished by size and proportion of following parts: Epigynal cavity smaller than in <i>T. pyrenaeum</i>, 0.06-0.08 mm wide (mean 0.07, n=10), less than or as wide as the distance to outside of ducts (x, Fig. 50). Receptacula seminis distinctly longer than epigynal cavity. <b>Phenology.</b> In Belgium Bosmans et al. (1994) found males from June to October only, while juveniles and females were abundant throughout the year. Present data from Tuscany reveal considerable male activity also during the winter season (Table 1). <b>Distribution.</b> Western Mediterranean, apparently expanding northwards. <i>Theridion hannoniae</i> is known from North Africa (Algeria, Tunisia), Macaronesia, South-West-Europe and by scattered records from Central-Europe (Bosmans et al. 1994). Numerous European records come from Portugal, Spain, France (type locality Douchy, NE-France) and Belgium. Recently, the species has also been found in Germany (Kloid 1994, Staudt 2003) and Wales (Warmingham 2008). The easternmost border of its distribution currently appears to lie in Italy (South Tyrol, Thaler and Noflatscher 1990; and present data from Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna). In northern Italy it may almost meet its eastern vicariant <i>Theridion refugum</i>, another representative of this still insufficiently known, ground-living, lapidicolous species complex. The allopatric occurrence of these closely allied species indicates different glacial refugia and respective reinvading processes. In contrast to its sibling <i>T. pyrenaeum</i>, <i>T. hannoniae</i> appears to be restricted to lower altitudes; highest localities being about 800-1100 m. <i>T. hannoniae</i> occurs under stones in natural boulder fields and scree, but also in human debris, such as quarries, dikes and railway constructions (Bosmans et al. 1994; Staudt 2003).
description: Published as part of <i>Knoflach, Barbara, Rollard, Christine &amp; Thaler, Konrad, 2009, Notes on Mediterranean Theridiidae (Araneae) – II, pp. 227-264 in ZooKeys 16 (16)</i> on pages 244-249, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.16.237, http://zenodo.org/record/576484
description: {"references": ["Denis J (1944) Sur quelques Theridion appartenant a la faune de France. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France 49: 111 - 117.", "Wunderlich J (1987) Die Spinnen der Kanarischen Inseln und Madeiras. Taxonomy and Ecology (Triops-Verlag, Langen) 1: 1 - 435.", "Thaler K, Noflatscher MT (1990) Neue und bemerkenswerte Spinnenfunde in Sudtirol (Arachnida: Aranei). Veroffentlichungen des Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum (Innsbruck) 69 (1989): 169 - 190.", "Bosmans R, Vanuytven H, van Keer J (1994) On two poorly known Theridion species, recently collected in Belgium for the first time (Araneae: Theridiidae). Bulletin of the British arachnological Society 9: 236 - 240.", "Kloid P (1994) Erstnachweis von Theridion hannoniae fur Deutschland (Araneae: Theridiidae). Arachnologische Mitteilungen 8: 56 - 57.", "Roberts MJ (1998) Spinnengids. Tirion, Baarn, Netherlands, 397 pp.", "Nentwig W, Hanggi A, Kropf C, Blick T (2003) Spinnen Mittteleuropas - Bestimmungsschlussel. Version 8.12. 2003. Online: http: // www. araneae. unibe. ch /", "Warmingham S, Merrett P (2009) Theridion hannoniae Denis, 1944 in Britain (Araneae: Theridiidae). Bulletin of the British arachnological Society: in press.", "Knoflach B (1998) Mating in Theridion varians Hahn and related species (Araneae: Theridiidae). Journal of Natural History 32: 545 - 604.", "Staudt A (2003) Erste Freilandpopulationen von Theridion hannoniae Denis, 1944 in Deutschland (Araneae: Theridiidae). Arachnologische Mitteilungen 25: 42 - 44.", "Warmingham S (2008) Theridion hannoniae - new to the British Isles. - Newsletter of the British Arachnological Society 112: 14 - 15."]}