cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A new equilibrium torus solution and GRMHD initial conditions
Creators: name: Penna, Robert F.
name: Kulkarni, Akshay
name: Narayan, Ramesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations are providing influential models for black hole spin measurements, gamma ray bursts, and supermassive black hole feedback. Many of these simulations use the same initial condition: a rotating torus of fluid in hydrostatic equilibrium. A persistent concern is that simulation results sometimes depend on arbitrary features of the initial torus. For example, the Bernoulli parameter (which is related to outflows), appears to be controlled by the Bernoulli parameter of the initial torus. In this paper, we give a new equilibrium torus solution and describe two applications for the future. First, it can be used as a more physical initial condition for GRMHD simulations than earlier torus solutions. Second, it can be used in conjunction with earlier torus solutions to isolate the simulation results that depend on initial conditions. We assume axisymmetry, an ideal gas equation of state, constant entropy, and ignore self-gravity. We fix an angular momentum distribution and solve the relativistic Euler equations in the Kerr metric. The Bernoulli parameter, rotation rate, and geometrical thickness of the torus can be adjusted independently. Our torus tends to be more bound and have a larger radial extent than earlier torus solutions. While this paper was in preparation, several GRMHD simulations appeared based on our equilibrium torus. We believe it will continue to provide a more realistic starting point for future simulations.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, A&A accepted
Carbon Footprinting the Internet
Creators: name: Gombiner, Joel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Information technology--Environmental aspects
Climatic changes--Effect of human beings on
Greenhouse gas mitigation
Climatic changes
Information technology
Public policy (Law)

description: The internet is the world's fastest growing CO2 emitter and tech companies are just beginning to come to terms with their carbon footprints. Using the example of a google search, this article touches on the difficulty of an accurate carbon footprint calculation and raises awareness about the environmental effects of web browsing.
Chemistry of Dark Clouds: Databases, Networks, and Models
Creators: name: Agundez, Marcelino
name: Wakelam, Valentine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chemical models have been developed over the years by astrophysicists to study the pro- cesses at play in the various environments of the interstellar medium (ISM) that define the chemical composition of the gas and the dust. These qualitative aspects of the model predictions have been improved from a chemical point of view thanks to many recent developments of the experimental technics and theoretical methods that aim at studying the individual reactions in conditions as close to the ISM conditions as possible and characterize the rate constants of their efficiency. These models have also been more and more associated with dynamical evolution of the ISM physical conditions (for star forming regions for instance) since the chemical composition is far from steady-state in such regions. In this paper, we try to assess the state of the art concerning the chemical modeling of dark clouds, the initial step for the formation of stars and disks.
description: 61 pages, to be published in Chemical Reviews. This version of the paper may be slightly different from the published one since many modifications have done by the language editor
Letter from Barbara Hepworth to Herbert Read, June 06, 1968
Creators: name: Hepworth, Barbara, 1903-1975
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Art movements
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/815613
subject: Hepworth, Barbara, 1903-1975
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1898202
subject: Poets, English
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1067870
subject: Art historians
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/815554
subject: Authors, English--Correspondence
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821953
subject: Authors
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821688
subject: Authors, English
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821945
subject: Women artists
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1177159
subject: Read, Herbert, 1893-1968
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1754386
subject: Artists--Correspondence
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/817571
subject: Poets
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1067778
subject: Artists
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/817559

description: Part of a collection of letters to Sir Herbert Read from Dame Barbara Hepworth (English artist and sculptor) held in the Herbert Read archive at the University of Leeds, UK. The letters span the time period of 1965 to 1968, and discuss art, the art world and their personal lives. Hepworth writes about visits from friends and her conflicting sympathies with students and feeling for tradition. She asks Read to rest and conveys her appreciation for all that Read does.
The search for shock-excited H2 in Virgo spirals experiencing ram pressure stripping
Creators: name: Wong, O. Ivy
name: Kenney, Jeffrey D. P.
name: Murphy, Eric J.
name: Helou, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the presence of shock-excited H2 in four Virgo cluster galaxies that show clear evidence of ongoing ram pressure stripping. Mid-infrared (MIR) spectral mapping of the rotational H2 emission lines were performed using the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) on board the Spitzer space telescope. We target four regions along the leading side of galaxies where the intracluster medium (ICM) appears to be pushing back the individual galaxy's interstellar medium (ISM). For comparison purposes, we also study two regions on the trailing side of these galaxies, a region within an edge-on disk and an extraplanar star-forming region. We find a factor of 2.6 excess of warm H2/PAH in our sample relative to the observed fractions in other nearby galaxies. We attribute the H2/PAH excess to contributions of shock-excited H2 which is likely to have been triggered by ongoing ram pressure interaction in our sample galaxies. Ram pressure driven shocks may also be responsible for the elevated fractions of [FeII/NeII] found in our sample.
description: 34 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, replaced with corrected proof version
The aquatic particle number quandary
Creators: name: Huang, Huanqing
name: Bochdansky, Alexander B.
name: Conte, Maureen H
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biological oceanography

description: Optical surveys of aquatic particles and their particle size spectra have become important tools in studies of light propagation in water, classification of water masses, and the dynamics of trophic interactions affecting particle aggregation and flux. Here, we demonstrate that typical settings used in image analysis vastly underestimate particle numbers due to the particle – gel continuum. Applying a wide range of threshold values to change the sensitivity of our detection system, we show that macrogels cannot be separated from more dense particles, and that a true particle number per volume cannot be ascertained; only relative numbers in relation to a defined threshold value can be reported. A quandary thus presents itself between choosing a detection threshold low enough to accurately record orders of magnitude more particles on one hand or selecting a higher threshold to yield better image quality of plankton on the other. By observing the dynamics of coagulation and dissolution steps unique to cation-bridged gels abundant in aquatic systems, we find naturally occurring gels, and microscopic particles attached to them, to cause the ill-defined particle numbers. In contrast, the slopes in particle number spectra remained largely unaffected by varying sensitivity settings of the image analysis. The inclusion of fainter particles that are not typically captured by imaging systems provides a window into the true microscale spatial heterogeneity at scales relevant to small plankton organisms and processes that are dependent on particle density such as surface-associated chemical reactions as well as particle coagulation and aggregation dynamics.
Robust and Agnostic Learning of Conditional Distributional Treatment Effects
Creators: name: Kallus, Nathan
name: Oprescu, Miruna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The conditional average treatment effect (CATE) is the best measure of individual causal effects given baseline covariates. However, the CATE only captures the (conditional) average, and can overlook risks and tail events, which are important to treatment choice. In aggregate analyses, this is usually addressed by measuring the distributional treatment effect (DTE), such as differences in quantiles or tail expectations between treatment groups. Hypothetically, one can similarly fit conditional quantile regressions in each treatment group and take their difference, but this would not be robust to misspecification or provide agnostic best-in-class predictions. We provide a new robust and model-agnostic methodology for learning the conditional DTE (CDTE) for a class of problems that includes conditional quantile treatment effects, conditional super-quantile treatment effects, and conditional treatment effects on coherent risk measures given by $f$-divergences. Our method is based on constructing a special pseudo-outcome and regressing it on covariates using any regression learner. Our method is model-agnostic in that it can provide the best projection of CDTE onto the regression model class. Our method is robust in that even if we learn these nuisances nonparametrically at very slow rates, we can still learn CDTEs at rates that depend on the class complexity and even conduct inferences on linear projections of CDTEs. We investigate the behavior of our proposal in simulations, as well as in a case study of 401(k) eligibility effects on wealth.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures, AISTATS 2023
The aquatic particle number quandary
Creators: name: Bochdansky, Alexander B.
name: Huang, Huanqing
name: Conte, Maureen H
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biological oceanography

description: Optical surveys of aquatic particles and their particle size spectra have become important tools in studies of light propagation in water, classification of water masses, and the dynamics of trophic interactions affecting particle aggregation and flux. Here, we demonstrate that typical settings used in image analysis vastly underestimate particle numbers due to the particle – gel continuum. Applying a wide range of threshold values to change the sensitivity of our detection system, we show that macrogels cannot be separated from more dense particles, and that a true particle number per volume cannot be ascertained; only relative numbers in relation to a defined threshold value can be reported. A quandary thus presents itself between choosing a detection threshold low enough to accurately record orders of magnitude more particles on one hand or selecting a higher threshold to yield better image quality of plankton on the other. By observing the dynamics of coagulation and dissolution steps unique to cation-bridged gels abundant in aquatic systems, we find naturally occurring gels, and microscopic particles attached to them, to cause the ill-defined particle numbers. In contrast, the slopes in particle number spectra remained largely unaffected by varying sensitivity settings of the image analysis. The inclusion of fainter particles that are not typically captured by imaging systems provides a window into the true microscale spatial heterogeneity at scales relevant to small plankton organisms and processes that are dependent on particle density such as surface-associated chemical reactions as well as particle coagulation and aggregation dynamics.
Systematic Method for Axiomatic Robustness-Testing (SMART)
Creators: name: Kemmler, Stefan
name: Bertsche, Bernd
Publisher: name: Technical University of Denmark, DTU
Year: 2014

description: SMART (Systematic Method for Axiomatic Robustness-Testing) is a method for the development of robust and reliable products. It combines elements from the robust design methodology with a holistic approach by using Axiomatic Design (AD) and the Taguchi Method (TM). These two methods were established and expanded by N.P. Suh [1990] (AD) and G. Taguchi [1949] (TM).
SMART is based on the chronological sequence of the four phases of the Product Development Process (planning, conception, design and development) according to the VDI Guideline 2221. Using this chronological basis, the three process steps (System, Parameter and Tolerance Design) of the Taguchi Method are classified and integrated accordingly. The AD method is applied to the systematic examination of the robustness of designs.
During the conceptual stage, one or more designs are generated by means of AD. AD also helps analyze the design’s complexity from the perspective of possible design modifications, thus assuring robust solutions.
If a design has already been generated but needs improvement as things developed, AD is used as well. The design may not necessarily be changed in its basic structure but is examined in terms of its complexity. The results of AD support the setup of the P-Diagram according to Taguchi either after the conceptual stage or the design stage of the product.
The following step is the Design of Experiments (DoE) of the product’s design parameters and noise factors that occur during its utilization. Testing may either be carried out by virtual or real tests. After analyzing the results of the tests, the design should be optimized accordingly in order to increase the robustness. A predicted reliability determination is possible as well.
The last step is the adjustment of the tolerances of the design for cost optimization purposes. After a final robust design has been established, the actual durability and reliability of the design can be determined on the basis of reliability testing using Design for Reliability (DFR) methods.
Basically, SMART can be used both in the initial stages as well as in the more developed stages of the development process.
Study of $I=0$ bottomonium bound states and resonances in $S$, $P$, $D$ and $F$ waves with lattice QCD static-static-light-light potentials
Creators: name: Bicudo, Pedro
name: Cardoso, Nuno
name: Mueller, Lasse
name: Wagner, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study $I = 0$ bottomonium in $S$, $P$, $D$ and $F$ waves considering five coupled channels, one confined quarkonium and four open $B^{(*)} \bar B^{(*)}$ and $B_s^{(*)} \bar B_s^{(*)}$ meson-meson channels. To this end we use and extend a recently developed novel approach utilizing lattice QCD string breaking potentials for the study of quarkonium bound states and resonances. This approach is based on the Born Oppenheimer approximation and the unitary emergent wave method and allows to compute the poles of the $\mbox{T}$ matrix. We compare our results to existing experimental results for $I = 0$ bottomonium and discuss masses, decay widths and the assignment of angular momentum quantum numbers. Moreover, we determine the quarkonium and meson-meson composition of these states to clarify, which of them are ordinary quarkonium, and which of them should rather be interpreted as tetraquarks.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, a few additional references added
Robust Design of Active Systems - An Approach to Considering Disturbances within the Selection of Sensors
Creators: name: Freund, Tillman
name: Würtenberger, Jan
name: Calmano, Stefan
name: Hesse, Daniel
name: Kloberdanz, Hermann
Publisher: name: Technical University of Denmark, DTU
Year: 2014

description: Plain spherical bearings are precision assemblies with a low frictional moment finding wide application in industry where they operate in harsh environments. They are manufactured using a cold forming process known as ‘nosing’. An experiential approach is currently used by a manufacturer to develop new bearings and determine associated process settings. Typically, inefficiencies can be observed for the bearing assembly post-nosing where any one of nine different failure modes may occur leading to rework or scrap costs due to a number of component and process inconsistencies. The initial focus is the outer bearing shell component and the geometrical relationships of the end chamfer features. Process capability measures are developed for a bearing model, with parts individually tracked through the nosing process to examine the influence out-of-tolerance variation on process integrity, measured forming loads and frictional moment. A validated Finite Element (FE) model is used to predict the complex elastic-plastic material behaviour at high strain-rates in the nosing process to support the simulation of in-process failure modes. These models take into account the geometrical and dimensional variations of the chamfers, material property variation and coefficient of friction. Predictions are made for feature process capabilities which produce lower failure rates in production.
The Role of Regional Institutions in Sustainable Development: A Review of the Mekong River Commission First 15 Years
Creators: name: Ha, Mai-Lan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Sustainable development
Regional planning--Evaluation
Sustainability
Water resources development--Management
Regional planning

description: The implementation of sustainable development principles often comes into conflict with government driven needs for greater economic growth. The richly diverse Mekong Region–which comprises the six riparian nations of China, Burma, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam–is in the midst of a regional debate between development and ecological preservation. The Mekong River Commission (MRC), the sole organization in the region tasked with managing this delicate balance, is struggling to find a balance between utilizing the Mekong’s waterways for economic growth without undermining the vitality of the river for use by future generations. In its 15 year history, the organization has never truly defined its basic principles on sustainability and has instead shifted positions as its leadership has changed. The MRC is also trapped in a difficult balance with its upstream neighbors; due to its limited authority, the MRC has been unable to effectively manage water usage and development along the Mekong region.
The multidimensional model of cluster radioactivity
Creators: name: Denisov, V. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cluster decays $^{228}$Th $\rightarrow \, ^{208}$Pb + $^{20}$O, $^{232}$U $\rightarrow \, ^{208}$Pb + $^{24}$Ne, $^{236}$Pu $\rightarrow \, ^{208}$Pb + $^{28}$Mg, $^{242}$Cm $\rightarrow \, ^{208}$Pb + $^{34}$Si are considered in the framework of the multidimensional cluster preformation model. The macroscopic potential energy surface related to the interaction between the cluster and the residue nucleus is evaluated in the framework of the nonlocal $\hbar^4$ extended Thomas-Fermi approach with Skyrme and Coulomb forces. The shell-correction to the macroscopic potential energy is also taken into account. The dynamical surface deformations of both the cluster and the residue nucleus are taken into consideration at the barrier penetration path. The heights of saddle points related to deformed nuclear shapes are lower than the barrier height between the spherical cluster and residue nuclei; therefore the dynamical deformations of nuclei increase the barrier penetrability and reduce the half-life of cluster decay. The shell correction contribution into the potential energy between cluster and residue nucleus is important for both the potential landscape and the half-life evaluation. The experimental values of cluster decay half-lives are well reproduced in the model.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Quantum phases in $p$-orbital degenerated attractive 1D fermionic optical lattices
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Keita
name: Ota, Yukihiro
name: Okumura, Masahiko
name: Yamada, Susumu
name: Machida, Masahiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine quantum phases emerged by double degeneracy of $p$-orbital bands in attractive atomic Fermi gases loaded on a 1D optical lattice. Our numerical simulations by the density-matrix renormalization group predict the emergence of a state with a charge excitation gap, the Haldane insulator phase. A mapping onto an effective spin-$1$ model reveals its physical origin. Moreover, we show that population imbalance leads to richer diversity of the quantum phases, including a phase-separated polarized state. Finally, we study the effects of harmonic trap potential in this 1D chain.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
A Novel LFM Waveform for Terahertz-Band Joint Radar and Communications over Inter-Satellite Links
Creators: name: Sümen, Gizem
name: Kurt, Güneş Karabulut
name: Görçin, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: There is no doubt that we need to keep our eyes on the sky as satellite networks aim to address the demands of 6G and beyond communications systems. On the other hand, the existence of millions of space debris pieces, large or small, poses a threat to the new space communications systems which consist of large number of small satellites, especially in the low-orbit. In this study, a dual-functioning pulsed linear frequency modulated (LFM) waveform at Terahertz (THz) bands is proposed for both wireless communications and space debris sensing over low-orbit inter-satellite links (ISLs). Initially, the ambiguity function of the proposed waveform is derived. Then, velocity and range estimation performance for the radar function and bit error rate performance for the communications function are investigated. Simulation results indicate significant performance gains in the THz-bands compared to the legacy LFM systems.
description: to appear in IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2022)
Colossal Magnetoresistance Manganites and Related Prototype Devices
Creators: name: Liu, Yukuai
name: Yin, Yuewei
name: Li, Xiaoguang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review colossal magnetoresistance in single phase manganites, as related to the field sensitive spin charge interactions and phase separation; the rectifying property and negative/positive magnetoresistance in manganite/Nb:SrTiO3 pn junctions in relation to the special interface electronic structure; magnetoelectric coupling in manganite/ferroelectric structures that takes advantage of strain, carrier density, and magnetic field sensitivity; tunneling magnetoresistance in tunnel junctions with dielectric, ferroelectric, and organic semiconductor spacers using the fully spin polarized nature of manganites; and the effect of particle size on magnetic properties in manganite nanoparticles
description: 43 pages, 31 figures
From locality to irregularity: Introducing local quenches in massive scalar field theory
Creators: name: Ageev, Dmitry S.
name: Belokon, Aleksandr I.
name: Pushkarev, Vasilii V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we initiate the study of operator local quenches in non-conformal field theories. We consider the dynamics of excited local states in massive scalar field theory in an arbitrary spacetime dimension and generalize the well-known two-dimensional CFT results. We derive the energy density, $U(1)$-charge density and $ϕ^2(x)$-condensate post-quench dynamics, and identify different regimes of their evolution depending on the values of the field mass and the quench regularization parameter. For local quenches in higher-dimensional free massless scalar theories, we reproduce the structure of the available holographic results. We also investigate the local quenches in massive scalar field theory on a cylinder and show that they cause an erratic and chaotic-like evolution of observables with a complicated localization/delocalization pattern.
description: v1: 46 pages, 13 figures; v2: 46 pages, 13 figures, references added, typos corrected; v3: 48 pages, 16 figures, details added, references added, typos corrected
Comparative Study on Tolerance Analysis Approaches
Creators: name: Schleich, Benjamin
name: Anwer, Nabil
name: Zhu, Z.
name: Qiao, Lihong
name: Mathieu, Luc
name: Wartzack, Sandro
Publisher: name: Technical University of Denmark, DTU : International Symposium on Robust Design
Year: 2014

description: Robust product designs are characterized by their insensitivity to disturbances and noise, such as geometric part deviations, which are inevitably observed on every manufactured workpiece. These observed deviations are covered by the axioms of manufacturing imprecision and measurement uncertainty, which convey the concepts of variability and uncertainty as fundamental aspects of robust design. In order to ensure the product function though the presence of these geometric part deviations without building physical artefacts, tolerance simulations are employed in the context of computer-aided tolerancing. Motivated by the shortcomings of existing tools, the concept of Skin Model Shapes has been developed as a novel paradigm for the computer-aided tolerance analysis. This paper presents a comparative study on the standard procedure for the tolerance analysis employing proprietary CAT tools and the tolerance simulation based on Skin Model Shapes, where a focus is set on the methodology and result interpretation. For this purpose, exemplary study cases are highlighted. Based on the comparisons, recommendations for the use of CAT tools in the context of tolerance analysis and robust design are derived.
Impact of Geometric Variation on the Performance of Cold Formed Bearings
Creators: name: Woodhead, Johnpaul
name: Booker, Julian
name: Truman, Christopher
Publisher: name: Technical University of Denmark, DTU
Year: 2014

description: Plain spherical bearings are precision assemblies with a low frictional moment finding wide application in industry where they operate in harsh environments. They are manufactured using a cold forming process known as 'nosing'. An experiential approach is currently used by a manufacturer to develop new bearing products and determine associated process settings for the nosing process. Typically, inefficiencies can be observed for the bearing assembly post-nosing where any one of nine different failure modes may occur leading to rework or scrap costs due to a number of component and process inconsistencies. The initial focus is the outer bearing shell component and the geometrical relationships of the end chamfer features. Process capability measures are developed for a bearing model, with parts individually tracked through the nosing process to examine the influence out-of- tolerance variation on process integrity, measured forming loads and frictional moment. A validated Finite Element (FE) model is used to predict the complex elastic-plastic material behaviour at high strain-rates in the nosing process to support the simulation of in-process failure modes. These models take into account the geometrical and dimensional variations of the chamfers, material property variation and coefficient of friction. Predictions are made for feature process capabilities which produce lower failure rates in production. The robust design process outlined concludes with improved component and process design, and to aid the development of future bearing products using nosing.
A Sequence of Backsliding in Presidential Democracies: temporal incentives produced by term limits
Creators: name: Crabtree, David
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: democratic backsliding
subject: term limit evasion
subject: measuring backsliding
subject: democratic erosion

description: When democracies decline, which institutions are most likely to be targeted first by would-be autocrats? I argue there is a standard sequence by which democratic institutions are undermined, at least in presidential democracies. Would-be autocrats in presidential systems with term limits (legal maximums on time in office) must circumvent them to succeed at their goal of staying in power; term limits therefore may incentivize would-be autocrats to erode some democratic institutions beforehand in order to optimize their probability of extending their legal tenure. Using a new and highly disaggregated global dataset of term limit evasions in presidential systems from 1990-2023 in conjunction with objective and subjective indicators of democratic decline across four institutions, I examine whether free assembly, legislative opposition, press freedom, and elections tend to deteriorate before would-be autocrats try to circumvent their term limits or after, and I discuss how the results can be interpreted as implying a 'relative' sequence of backsliding in presidential democracies. I find term limit evasion attempts are uniformly distributed temporally through president's legal tenures, rather than being concentrated early or late, implying it is particularly relevant to consider which preceding institutional assaults may serve as precursors to and products of evasion. I find that presidents who evade term limits have more frequently reduced the rights of protesters before their evasion attempt compared to after, and most evaders have partisan control of their legislatures. I also discuss institutions where there are low incentives for evaders to chronologize their attacks against other democratic institutions; press freedom tends to be as frequently undermined before as after evasion. Lastly, I expected to find elections deteriorate following term limit contravention, but there was no indication of post-evasion declines in electoral integrity. I discuss theoretical takeaways and limitations of identifying relative, rather than absolute, sequences of backsliding.
КУЧСИЗ ЎСУВЧИ ПАЙВАНДТАГЛАРДА ЎСТИРИЛГАН ОЛХЎРИ НАВЛАРИНИНГ ТУП СОНИ ВА ҲОСИЛДОРЛИК ОРАСИДАГИ КОРРЕЛЯЦИОН БОҒЛИҚЛИК
Creators: name: Халмирзаев, Д.К
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президентининг 2019 йил 20 мартдаги ПҚ-4246-сон «Ўзбекистон Республикасида боғдорчилик ва иссикхона хўжалигини янада ривожлантириш чора-тадбирлари тўғрисида» ҳамда Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президентининг 2020 йил 28 январдаги ПК-4575-сон «Ўзбекистон Республикаси кишлок хўжалигини ривожлантиришнинг 2020-2030 йилларга мўлжаллаган стратегиясида белгиланган вазифаларни амалга ошириш чора-тадбирлари тўғрисида» ги карорларида янги мевали боғларни ташкил этиш ва эскиларини реконструкция қилиш вазифалари алоҳида белгилаб берилган.
On the Performance Potential of Speculative Execution based on Branch and Value Prediction
Creators: name: Mitrevski, Pece
name: Gusev, Marjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fluid Stochastic Petri Nets are used to capture the dynamic behavior of an ILP processor, and discrete-event simulation is applied to assess the performance potential of predictions and speculative execution in boosting the performance of ILP processors that fetch, issue, execute and commit a large number of instructions per cycle.
A Note on Seiberg Duality and Chiral Symmetry Breaking
Creators: name: Armoni, Adi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following arXiv:1310.2027 and arXiv:0801.0762, we consider a non-supersymmetric Seiberg duality between electric and magnetic "orientifold field theories". These theories live on brane configurations of type 0' string theory. In the electric theory side the scalars acquire a mass and decouple, resulting in an SU(Nc) gauge theory coupled to Nf massless quarks and an additional massless fermion that transforms in the two-index antisymmetric representation. In the magnetic theory side there exists a fundamental meson field that develops a Coleman-Weinberg potential. At the one-loop approximation the potential admits a minimum with chiral symmetry breaking of the form SU(Nf)L x SU(Nf)R --> SU(Nf)V and an additional breaking of an axial U(1) symmetry. The resulting theory admits a spectrum whose massless degrees of freedom are Nf^2 Nambu-Goldstone bosons.
description: 10 pages, LaTex. 1 eps figure
Lower Bounds for $L_1$ Discrepancy
Creators: name: Vagharshakyan, Armen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11K38

description: We find the best asymptotic lower bounds for the coefficient of the leading term of the $L_1$ norm of the two-dimensional (axis-parallel) discrepancy that can be obtained by K.Roth's orthogonal function method among a large class of test functions. We use methods of combinatorics, probability, complex and harmonic analysis.
description: a slightly different version of the article is accepted to "Mathematika"
Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Protons and Helium Nuclei by a Hybrid Measurement at 4300 m a.s.l
Creators: name: Bartoli, B.
name: Bernardini, P.
name: Bi, X. J.
name: Bolognino, I.
name: Branchini, P.
name: Budano, A.
name: Melcarne, A. K. Calabrese
name: Camarri, P.
name: Cao, Z.
name: Cardarelli, R.
name: Catalanotti, S.
name: Chen, S. Z.
name: Chen, T. L.
name: Creti, P.
name: Cui, S. W.
name: Dai, B. Z.
name: D'Amone, A.
name: Danzengluobu
name: De Mitri, I.
name: Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre
name: Di Girolamo, T.
name: Di Sciascio, G.
name: Feng, C. F.
name: Feng, Zhaoyang
name: Feng, Zhenyong
name: Gou, Q. B.
name: Guo, Y. Q.
name: He, H. H.
name: Hu, Haibing
name: Hu, Hongbo
name: Iacovacci, M.
name: Iuppa, R.
name: Jia, H. Y.
name: Labaciren
name: Li, H. J.
name: Liguori, G.
name: Liu, C.
name: Liu, J.
name: Liu, M. Y.
name: Lu, H.
name: Ma, L. L.
name: Ma, X. H.
name: Mancarella, G.
name: Mari, S. M.
name: Marsella, G.
name: Martello, D.
name: Mastroianni, S.
name: Montini, P.
name: Ning, C. C.
name: Panareo, M.
name: Panico, B.
name: Perrone, L.
name: Pistilli8, P.
name: Ruggieri, F.
name: Salvini, P.
name: Santonico, R.
name: Sbano, S. N.
name: Shen, P. R.
name: Sheng, X. D.
name: Shi, F.
name: Surdo, A.
name: Tan, Y. H.
name: Vallania, P.
name: Vernetto, S.
name: Vigorito, C.
name: Wang, H.
name: Wu, C. Y.
name: Wu, H. R.
name: Xue, L.
name: Yang, Q. Y.
name: Yang, X. C.
name: Yao, Z. G.
name: Yuan, A. F.
name: Zha, M.
name: Zhang, H. M.
name: Zhang, L.
name: Zhang, X. Y.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Zhao, J.
name: Zhaxiciren
name: Zhaxisangzhu
name: Zhou, X. X.
name: Zhu, F. R.
name: Zhu, Q. Q.
name: Collaboration, G. Zizzi for ARGO-YBJ
name: Bai, Y. X.
name: Chen, M. J.
name: Chen, Y.
name: Feng, S. H.
name: Gao, B.
name: Gu, M. H.
name: Hou, C.
name: Li, X. X.
name: Liu, J.
name: Liu, J. L.
name: Wang, X.
name: Xiao, G.
name: Zhang, B. K.
name: Zhang, S. S.
name: Zhou, B.
name: Collaboration, X. Zuo for LHAASO
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy spectrum of cosmic Hydrogen and Helium nuclei has been measured, below the so-called "knee", by using a hybrid experiment with a wide field-of-view Cherenkov telescope and the Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) array of the ARGO-YBJ experiment at 4300 m above sea level. The Hydrogen and Helium nuclei have been well separated from other cosmic ray components by using a multi-parameter technique. A highly uniform energy resolution of about 25% is achieved throughout the whole energy range (100 TeV - 700 TeV). The observed energy spectrum is compatible with a single power law with index gamma=-2.63+/-0.06.
description: To be published on Chinese Physics C
ICIP2025_SUPPLEMENTARY_MODEL_ATTACK
Publisher: name: IEEE Signal Processing Society
Year: 2025

description: Recent advancements in diffusion models have enabled high-fidelity and photorealistic image generation across diverse applications. However, these models also present security and privacy risks, including copyright violations, sensitive information leakage, and the creation of harmful or offensive content that could be exploited maliciously. In this study, we uncover a novel security threat where an attacker leverages diffusion model APIs to generate synthetic images, which are then used to train a high-performing substitute model. This enables the attacker to execute \textbf{model extraction} and \textbf{transfer-based adversarial attacks} on black-box classification models with minimal queries, without needing access to the original training data. The generated images are sufficiently high-resolution and diverse to train a substitute model whose outputs closely match those of the target model. Across the seven benchmarks, including CIFAR and ImageNet subsets, our method shows an average improvement of 27.37\% over state-of-the-art methods while using just 0.01$\times$ of the query budget, achieving a 98.68\% success rate in adversarial attacks on the target model.
Internal Homs via extensions of dg functors
Creators: name: Canonaco, Alberto
name: Stellari, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We provide a simple proof of the existence of internal Homs in the localization of the category of dg categories with respect to all quasi-equivalences and of some of their main properties such as the so-called derived Morita theory. This was originally proved in a seminal paper by Toën.
description: 19 pages. Minor changes with respect to the published version: the statement and proof of Proposition 3.10 have been changed and the result is now completed by Corollary 3.13
LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST ILLEGAL FISHING AS A TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
Creators: name: PITOYO AGUNG YUWONO
name: LAZARUS TRI SETYAWANTA
name: AMALIA DIAMANTINA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Law Enforcement, Illegal Fishing, Transnational Crime, Fisheries, Marine

description: Abstract
This study aims to analyze the law enforcement against illegal fishing as a transnational crime. The research method used is normative juridical. The results showed that illegal fishing as a type of transnational crime is due to its elements involving more than one country, namely planning, preparation and the consequences of this crime, which involved more than one country. Transnational crime is a crime that crosses the boundaries of a country. The scene of the incident, the purpose of the crime and the consequences that arise from the crime are some aspects of transnational crime that do not have a specific territorial boundary. Illegal fishing has been regulated in Indonesian regulations, namely in Law no. 45 of 2009 concerning Fisheries. In addition, this regulation on Illegal Fishing has also become an old issue in the scope of international law which later formed an international legal framework that prohibits illegal fishing practices, this arrangement is contained in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea or UNCLOS which was ratified in 10 December 1982, and later ratified by Indonesia in Law no. 17 of 1985 on Ratification of the United Nations Convention on The Law of The Sea
Theory of phase-adaptive parametric cooling
Creators: name: Ghosh, Alekhya
name: Kumar, Pardeep
name: Jimenez, Fidel
name: Sudhir, Vivishek
name: Genes, Claudiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an adaptive phase technique for the parametric cooling of mechanical resonances. This involves the detection of the mechanical quadratures, followed by a sequence of periodic controllable adjustments of the phase of a parametric modulation. The technique allows the preparation of the quantum ground state with an exponential loss of thermal energy, similarly to the case of cold-damping or cavity self-cooling. Analytical derivations are presented for the cooling rate and final occupancies both in the classical and quantum regimes.
The Eugenic Marriage Amendments: The Twentieth-Century Campaign to Outlaw Interracial Marriage through Article V
Creators: name: Long, Jillian
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: constitution
subject: amendment
subject: marriage
subject: divorce
subject: miscegenation
subject: eugenics
subject: federalism

description: In the United States, marriage law has always been considered state law. However, this does not mean that Americans have not attempted to create a federal system of marriage and divorce. From 1871-1929, U.S. Congressmen proposed 122 amendments to the federal Constitution aimed at regulating the institutions of marriage and divorce. Focusing on three failed marriage amendment proposals in the 1920s, this thesis explores how overlapping concerns regarding race, divorce, and federalism united “progressive” eugenicists, social conservatives, and anti-miscegenationists together to campaign for a federal marriage amendment.
The optically thick homogenous SSC model: Application to radio galaxy NGC 1275
Creators: name: Banasinski, P.
name: Bednarek, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Synchrotron Self-Compton (SSC) model for jets in active galaxies in which produced $γ$-ray photons can be absorbed in collisions with the synchrotron radiation already at the emission region. In terms of such modified SSC model, we argue that the higher emission stages should be characterised by $γ$-ray spectra extending to lower energies due to the efficient absorption of the highest energy $γ$-rays. As an example, we show that different emission stages of the nearby radio galaxy NGC 1275 could be explained by such scenario.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, in Proc. of HEAPRO IV, will appear in International Journal of Modern Physics CS
Suita Conjecture for a Complex Torus
Creators: name: Dong, Robert Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H52, 14K25, 32A25

description: The author proves that the generalized Suita conjecture holds for any complex torus, which means that $ απK \geq c^2(α\in\mathbb R)$, $c$ being the modified logarithmic capacity and $K$ being the Bergman kernel on the diagonal. The open problems for general compact Riemann surfaces with genus $\geq2$ is also elaborated. The proof relies in part on elliptic function theories.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Fluctuations and universality in a catalysis model with long-range reactivity
Creators: name: Chan, C. H.
name: Rikvold, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The critical properties of the Ziff-Gulari-Barshad (ZGB) model with the addition of long-range reactivity [C.H. Chan and P.A. Rikvold, Phys. Rev. E 91, 012103 (2015)] are further investigated. The scaling behaviors of the order parameter, susceptibility, and correlation length provide addi- tional evidence that the universality class of the ZGB system changes from the two-dimensional Ising class to the mean-field class with the addition of even a weak long-range reactivity mechanism.
Bounds on Multiplicities of Laplace Operator Eigenvalues on Surfaces
Creators: name: Berdnikov, Aleksandr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the present paper several bounds on multiplicities of eigenvalues of the Laplacian operator on surfaces are generalized from the case of either closed surface or simply-connected planar domain to the case of a surface of positive genus with holes.
Building a framework for ScienceCore Carpentry from a Marine Sciences Lab
Creators: name: Lowe, Lisa L.
name: Dzwonkowski, Brian
name: Lehrter, John
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This is the proposal, slightly redacted from the original, that was submitted to NASA ROSES F.14 Transform to Open Science Training(NNH22ZDA001N-TOPST) and funded under award 80NSSC23K0863 to North Carolina State University with University of South Alabama. We will create an open-source computational component to a marine sciences lab, delivered via Jupyter Notebooks, and a suite of tutorials on data collection, analysis methods, and visualization techniques used in physical oceanography and biogeochemistry by retracing the steps needed to reproduce results from two published articles on: 1. Combining field data with satellite data to understand the sea surface temperature conditions associated with a hurricane undergoing rapid intensification over the continental shelf 2. Using locally calibrated satellite products to improve the satellite estimation of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in coastal waters
On the mid-IR variability of candidate eruptive variables (EXors): a comparison between Spitzer and WISE data
Creators: name: Antoniucci, S.
name: Giannini, T.
name: Causi, G. Li
name: Lorenzetti, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aiming to statistically study the variability in the mid-IR of young stellar objects, we have compared the 3.6, 4.5, and 24 um Spitzer fluxes of 1478 sources belonging to the C2D (Cores to Disks) legacy program with the WISE fluxes at 3.4, 4.6, and 22 um. From this comparison we have selected a robust sample of 34 variable sources. Their variations were classified per spectral Class (according to the widely accepted scheme of Class I/flat/II/III protostars), and per star forming region. On average, the number of variable sources decreases with increasing Class and is definitely higher in Perseus and Ophiuchus than in Chamaeleon and Lupus. According to the paradigm Class <=> Evolution, the photometric variability can be considered to be a feature more pronounced in less evolved protostars, and, as such, related to accretion processes. Moreover, our statistical findings agree with the current knowledge of the star formation activity in different regions. The 34 selected variables were further investigated for similarities with known young eruptive variables, namely the EXors. In particular we analyzed : (1) the shape of the spectral energy distribution (SED); (2) the IR excess over the stellar photosphere; (3) magnitude versus color variations; and (4) output parameters of model fitting. This first systematic search for EXors ends up with 11 bona fide candidates that can be considered as suitable targets for monitoring or future investigations.
description: 29 pages, 6 figures, accepted by ApJ; updated version with typos fixed