cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optimal selection of reduced rank estimators of high-dimensional matrices
Creators: name: Bunea, Florentina
name: She, Yiyuan
name: Wegkamp, Marten H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a new criterion, the Rank Selection Criterion (RSC), for selecting the optimal reduced rank estimator of the coefficient matrix in multivariate response regression models. The corresponding RSC estimator minimizes the Frobenius norm of the fit plus a regularization term proportional to the number of parameters in the reduced rank model. The rank of the RSC estimator provides a consistent estimator of the rank of the coefficient matrix; in general, the rank of our estimator is a consistent estimate of the effective rank, which we define to be the number of singular values of the target matrix that are appropriately large. The consistency results are valid not only in the classic asymptotic regime, when $n$, the number of responses, and $p$, the number of predictors, stay bounded, and $m$, the number of observations, grows, but also when either, or both, $n$ and $p$ grow, possibly much faster than $m$. We establish minimax optimal bounds on the mean squared errors of our estimators. Our finite sample performance bounds for the RSC estimator show that it achieves the optimal balance between the approximation error and the penalty term. Furthermore, our procedure has very low computational complexity, linear in the number of candidate models, making it particularly appealing for large scale problems. We contrast our estimator with the nuclear norm penalized least squares (NNP) estimator, which has an inherently higher computational complexity than RSC, for multivariate regression models. We show that NNP has estimation properties similar to those of RSC, albeit under stronger conditions. However, it is not as parsimonious as RSC. We offer a simple correction of the NNP estimator which leads to consistent rank estimation.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOS876 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org) (some typos corrected)
MPEC 2023-X170 : 2023 XP5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 XP5

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Kohn's Theorem, Larmor's Equivalence Principle and the Newton-Hooke Group
Creators: name: Gibbons, G. W.
name: Pope, C. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider non-relativistic electrons, each of the same charge to mass ratio, moving in an external magnetic field with an interaction potential depending only on the mutual separations, possibly confined by a harmonic trapping potential. We show that the system admits a "relativity group" which is a one-parameter family of deformations of the standard Galilei group to the Newton-Hooke group which is a Wigner-Inonu contraction of the de Sitter group. This allows a group-theoretic interpretation of Kohn's theorem and related results. Larmor's Theorem is used to show that the one-parameter family of deformations are all isomorphic. We study the "Eisenhart" or "lightlike" lift of the system, exhibiting it as a pp-wave. In the planar case, the Eisenhart lift is the Brdicka-Eardley-Nappi-Witten pp-wave solution of Einstein-Maxwell theory, which may also be regarded as a bi-invariant metric on the Cangemi-Jackiw group.
description: Typos corrected, references added
Approximate Counting for Complex-Weighted Boolean Constraint Satisfaction Problems
Creators: name: Yamakami, Tomoyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68Q15, 68Q17, 68W20, 68W25, 68W40

description: Constraint satisfaction problems (or CSPs) have been extensively studied in, for instance, artificial intelligence, database theory, graph theory, and statistical physics. From a practical viewpoint, it is beneficial to approximately solve those CSPs. When one tries to approximate the total number of truth assignments that satisfy all Boolean-valued constraints for (unweighted) Boolean CSPs, there is a known trichotomy theorem by which all such counting problems are neatly classified into exactly three categories under polynomial-time (randomized) approximation-preserving reductions. In contrast, we obtain a dichotomy theorem of approximate counting for complex-weighted Boolean CSPs, provided that all complex-valued unary constraints are freely available to use. It is the expressive power of free unary constraints that enables us to prove such a stronger, complete classification theorem. This discovery makes a step forward in the quest for the approximation-complexity classification of all counting CSPs. To deal with complex weights, we employ proof techniques of factorization and arity reduction along the line of solving Holant problems. Moreover, we introduce a novel notion of T-constructibility that naturally induces approximation-preserving reducibility. Our result also gives an approximation analogue of the dichotomy theorem on the complexity of exact counting for complex-weighted Boolean CSPs.
description: A4, 10 point, 25 pages. This version significantly improves its conference version that appeared in the Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Approximation and Online Algorithms (WAOA 2010), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, Vol.6534, pp.261-272, 2011
Machine learning techniques for routability-driven routing in application-specific integrated circuits design
Creators: name: Pan, Yuxuan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Routing is a challenging stage of the Integrated Circuit (IC) design process. A routing algorithm often adopts the two-stage approach of global routing followed by detailed routing. One of the routing objectives is the routability, which requires completing all the required connections without causing routing overflows or wireshorts. Otherwise, the chip would not function well and may even fail. Moreover, detours need to be taken to avoid overflows and wire-shorts, which may increase the wire length and number of vias in the physical design, affecting the overall performance of the circuit. Predicting the existence and locations of routing overflows and wire-shorts before routing takes place helps the router to improve the routability and circuit performance. Here, we present two Machine Learning (ML) techniques that improve the routability of routing by predicting the number and locations of overflows and wire-shorts. First, we design and develop GlobalNet, a Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) based global routing congestion predictor that estimates the density of wires and vias of global routing in 3-Dimensional (3D) from a placed netlist. The locations of overflows are derived from the prediction result. A global router is also implemented to utilize the congestion estimation result to improve the performance of global routing. Second, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based wire-short predictor, VioNet, is developed. VioNet replaces the global router with global routing congestion estimation (GlobalNet) so that the runtime is significantly reduced. To improve the prediction accuracy, we adopt a top-down iterative strategy where a low-resolution prediction first gives the approximate locations of wire-shorts, followed by a high-resolution prediction which determines the precise wire-shorts’ locations. Experimental results show that both GlobalNet and VioNet achieve high accuracy on ISPD 2018 and ISPD 2019 benchmarks. Moreover, UBC-GR increases the routability of global routing by reducing the number of overflows.
A rotating three component perfect fluid source and its junction with empty space-time
Creators: name: Wiltshire, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kerr solution for empty space-time is presented in an ellipsoidally symmetric coordinate system and it is used to produce generalised ellipsoidal metrics appropriate for the generation of rotating interior solutions of Einstein's equations. It is shown that these solutions are the familiar static perfect fluid cases commonly derived in curvature coordinates but now endowed with rotation. The resulting solutions are also discussed in the context of T-solutions of Einstein's equations and the vacuum T-solution outside a rotating source is presented. The interior source for these solutions is shown not to be a perfect fluid but rather an anisotropic three component perfect fluid for which the energy momentum tensor is derived. The Schwarzschild interior solution is given as an example of the approach.
description: 14 pages
Additional file 1 of Systematic development and refinement of a contextually relevant strategy for undergraduate medical ethics education: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Shamim, Muhammad Shahid
name: Torda, Adrienne
name: Baig, Lubna A.
name: Zubairi, Nadeem
name: Chinthaka Balasooriya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Spatiotemporal Behaviour of AF Drivers in Patients with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Using Non-Contacting Intracardiac Atrial Electrograms
Creators: name: Ehnesh, Mahmoud
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and a major cause of hospitalisation and morbidity, impacting over 40 million people worldwide. Moreover, it increases the risk of stroke up to five-fold. Catheter ablation is recognised as an excellent percutaneous therapy used for drug-refractory AF with persistent AF (PersAF). Nevertheless, the success of ablation therapy for AF is between 40-70% due to the interaction between relevant atrial substrate and the initiation and maintenance of AF. Various methods are being developed in relation to employing intracardiac AF electrograms to identify critical substrate sites for catheter ablation. These approaches comprise dominant frequency mapping, phase mapping, spatiotemporal dispersion assessment, and so forth. Up until now, these approaches have attained completely different success rates. Therefore, this thesis aimed to analyse the spatiotemporal behaviour of AF drivers using phase mapping and dominant frequency mapping for identifying potential substrate targets during AF ablation for PersAF patients. Phase mapping is useful for analysing the spatiotemporal characteristics of intracardiac AF electrograms. Therefore, the current work investigates the minimal acceptable recording duration for summarising the spatiotemporal behaviour of long lifespan of persistent phase singularity points (PSs), also known as ‘rotors’, during PersAF in humans. PersAF is believed to be maintained by means of localised sources, ‘drivers’, high-dominant frequency (HDF), rotors, etc. Yet, identifying these putative AF drivers in PersAF patients is a considerable challenge on account of the spatiotemporal instability of such sources. Accordingly, in this current work, we investigate the spatiotemporal stability of potential AF drivers within long-duration recordings of Virtual Intracardiac Electrograms (VEGMs) during PersAF in humans. The pathogenesis of AF involves interactions occurring at cellular, tissue and organ levels and PersAF is not a single entity, but rather it is a moving and active target. The correlation between HDF and rotors has been evaluated in intracardiac contact recordings. Nonetheless, the association between frequency and phase on non-contact mapping (NCM) has not been completely characterised. Hence, it is essential to consider the spatial interactions between AF drivers. Therefore, this thesis studied the spatial disparities of rotor sites and HDF regions during catheter ablation for PersAF.
Anomalous Josephson current through a ferromagnetic trilayer junction
Creators: name: Liu, Jun-Feng
name: Chan, K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the anomalous Josephson current appearing at zero phase difference in junctions coupled with a ferromagnetic trilayer which has noncoplanar magnetizations. A $π/2$ junction with an equilibrium phase difference $π/2$ is obtained under suitable conditions. The equilibrium phase difference and the amplitude of the supercurrent are all tunable by the structure parameters. In addition to calculating the anomalous current using the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation, we also developed a clear physical picture explaining the anomalous Josephson effect in the structure. We show that the triplet proximity correlation and the phase shift in the anomalous current-phase relation all stem from the spin precession in the first and third ferromagnet layers.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures, accepted to PRB
Reducing the cognitive and temporal costs of software history exploration
Creators: name: Li, Alison
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Software developers traverse several commits and issues from issue tracking systems when exploring software revision history to answer questions about the rationale behind presently written code. Existing tools impose a cognitive burden on developers as developers must sift through many commits and must transition between commit information and issue tracking information presented separately. More effective support for software revision history exploration would reduce the cognitive burden for developers, allowing them to answer code rationale questions in the limited time available for tasks. We introduce Intelligent History, which uses commit history highlighting to reduce the search space of commits in a revision history, recommending to a developer which commits in a history might merit further investigation. Additionally, Intelligent History minimizes the distance between a developer's IDE and issues from an issue tracking system by directly integrating issue information in the same context. To evaluate Intelligent History, we conducted a controlled laboratory study and recruited 10 software developers. We asked two sets of questions related to the intent behind source code, requiring the participants to explore commit histories for two Java classes from the open-source Apache Kafka project. We also conducted a semi-structured interview on the participants' experiences with examining issues and commits and their use of Intelligent History in the experiment. The results from our analysis shows: (1) participants who used Intelligent History examined fewer commits than participants who did not use Intelligent History while producing correct answers to questions posed; (2) direct integration of issue information in the IDE with Intelligent History supports developers who employ a commit history exploration approach we describe as linear or cyclic and backtracking to view slightly more issues than if they did not have direct issue integration; and (3) our heuristics were accurate to the extent that there was overlap between at least half of the commits that participants examined without Intelligent History and the commits that Intelligent History highlighted.
Drains result in greater reduction of subdural width and midline shift in burr hole evacuation of chronic subdural haematoma
Creators: name: Glancz, Laurence Johann
name: Poon, Michael Tin Chung
name: Hutchinson, Peter John
name: Kolias, Angelos Georgiou
name: Brennan, Paul Martin
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Original Article - Brain Trauma
Brain trauma
Burr hole evacuation
Chronic subdural haematoma
Drains
Midline shift
Outcomes
Radiology

description: Funder: University of Edinburgh
description: Abstract: Background: Drain insertion following chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) evacuation reduces recurrence and improves outcomes. The mechanism of this improvement is uncertain. We assessed whether drains result in improved postoperative imaging, and which radiological factors are associated with recurrence and functional outcome. Methods: A multi-centre, prospective cohort study of CSDH patients was performed between May 2013 and January 2014. Patients aged > 16 years undergoing burr hole evacuation of primary CSDH with pre- and postoperative imaging were included in this subgroup analysis. Baseline and clinical details were collected. Pre- and postoperative maximal subdural width and midline shift (MLS) along with clot density were recorded. Primary outcomes comprised mRS at discharge and symptomatic recurrence requiring re-drainage. Comparisons were made using multiple logistic regression. Results: Three hundred nineteen patients were identified for inclusion. Two hundred seventy-two of 319 (85%) patients underwent drain insertion at the time of surgery versus 45/319 (14%) who did not. Twenty-nine of 272 patients who underwent drain insertion experienced recurrence (10.9%) versus 9 of 45 patients without drain insertion (20.5%; p = 0.07). Overall change in median subdural width was significantly greater in the drain versus ‘no drain’ groups (11 mm versus 6 mm, p < 0.01). Overall change in median midline shift (MLS) was also significantly greater in the drain group (4 mm versus 3 mm, p < 0.01). On multivariate analysis, change in maximal width and MLS were significant predictors of recurrence, although only the former remained a significant predictor for functional outcome. Conclusions: The use of subdural drains results in significantly improved postoperative imaging in burr hole evacuation of CSDH, thus providing radiological corroboration for their recommended use.
Comparison of serum and urinary biomarker panels with albumin/creatinine ratio in the prediction of renal function decline in type 1 diabetes
Creators: name: Colombo, Marco
name: McGurnaghan, Stuart J.
name: Blackbourn, Luke A. K.
name: Dalton, R. Neil
name: Dunger, David
name: Bell, Samira
name: Petrie, John R.
name: Green, Fiona
name: MacRury, Sandra
name: McKnight, John A.
name: Chalmers, John
name: Collier, Andrew
name: McKeigue, Paul M.
name: Colhoun, Helen M.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
Clinical science
Epidemiology
Metabolomics
Nephropathy
Proteomics

description: Abstract: Aims/hypothesis: We examined whether candidate biomarkers in serum or urine can improve the prediction of renal disease progression in type 1 diabetes beyond prior eGFR, comparing their performance with urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR). Methods: From the population-representative Scottish Diabetes Research Network Type 1 Bioresource (SDRNT1BIO) we sampled 50% and 25% of those with starting eGFR below and above 75 ml min−1 [1.73 m]−2, respectively (N = 1629), and with median 5.1 years of follow-up. Multiplexed ELISAs and single molecule array technology were used to measure nine serum biomarkers and 13 urine biomarkers based on our and others’ prior work using large discovery and candidate studies. Associations with final eGFR and with progression to <30 ml min−1 [1.73] m−2, both adjusted for baseline eGFR, were tested using linear and logistic regression models. Parsimonious biomarker panels were identified using a penalised Bayesian approach, and their performance was evaluated through tenfold cross-validation and compared with using urinary ACR and other clinical record data. Results: Seven serum and seven urine biomarkers were strongly associated with either final eGFR or progression to <30 ml min−1 [1.73 m]−2, adjusting for baseline eGFR and other covariates (all at p<2.3 × 10−3). Of these, associations of four serum biomarkers were independent of ACR for both outcomes. The strongest associations with both final eGFR and progression to <30 ml min−1 [1.73 m]−2 were for serum TNF receptor 1, kidney injury molecule 1, CD27 antigen, α-1-microglobulin and syndecan-1. These serum associations were also significant in normoalbuminuric participants for both outcomes. On top of baseline covariates, the r2 for prediction of final eGFR increased from 0.702 to 0.743 for serum biomarkers, and from 0.702 to 0.721 for ACR alone. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for progression to <30 ml min−1 [1.73 m]−2 increased from 0.876 to 0.953 for serum biomarkers, and to 0.911 for ACR alone. Other urinary biomarkers did not outperform ACR. Conclusions/interpretation: A parsimonious panel of serum biomarkers easily measurable along with serum creatinine may outperform ACR for predicting renal disease progression in type 1 diabetes, potentially obviating the need for urine testing.
Additional file 1 of Synchronous choroid plexus papilloma and Wilms tumor in a girl, disclosing a Li-Fraumeni syndrome
Creators: name: Cruz, Ofelia
name: Caloretti, Victoria
name: Salvador, Hector
name: Celis, Veronica
name: Santa-Maria, Vicente
name: Madrid, Andrés Morales La
name: Mariona Suñol
name: Puerta, Patricia
name: Muchart, Jordi
name: Krauel, Lucas
name: Lavarino, Cinzia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Ixauchenus sublyratus Cass.
Creators: name: Bean, Anthony R.
name: Wang, Jian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asterales
Asteraceae
Ixauchenus
Ixauchenus sublyratus

description: Ixauchenus sublyratus Cass. In Dictionnaire des Sciences naturelles, ed. 2. [F. Cuvier] 56: 176 (1828). — Lectotype (here designated, probable holotype): New South Wales, Port Jackson, XI-XII.1819, C. Gaudichaud s.n., (lecto-, P [P00742955]). — Epitype (here designated): New South Wales, Hornsby, IV.1914, W. F. Blakely s.n. (NSW 10275). Ixauchenus lyratus Less., Synopsis Generum Compositarum earumque dispositionis novae tentamen, monographis multarum Capensium interjectis: 193 (1832), nomen nudum. REMARK Lessing (1832) cited Cassini as the author of Ixauchenus lyratus, and it is obvious that Lessing’s spelling was an unintentional error for Ixauchenus sublyratus. A revision of the Australian and New Guinean members of Lagenophora is underway by the present authors. It is intended that all other necessary lectotypifications relating to the lost P specimens will be published in Adansonia during 2018.
description: Published as part of Bean, Anthony R. & Wang, Jian, 2017, The identity and typification of Ixauchenus sublyratus Cass. (Asteraceae), pp. 167-170 in Adansonia 39 (2) on page 168, DOI: 10.5252/a2017n2a7, http://zenodo.org/record/4599154
description: {"references": ["LESSING C. F. 1832. - Synopsis Generum Compositarum earumque dispositionis novae tentamen, monographis multarum Capensium interjectis. Berolini: sumptibus Dunckeri et Humblotii. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51470"]}
Instanton Corrected Non-Supersymmetric Attractors
Creators: name: Dominic, Pramod
name: Tripathy, Prasanta K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss non-supersymmetric attractors with an instanton correction in Type IIA string theory compactified on a Calabi-Yau three-fold at large volume. For a stable non-supersymmetric black hole, the attractor point must minimize the effective black hole potential. We study the supersymmetric as well as non-supersymmetric attractors for the D0-D4 system with instanton corrections. We show that in simple models, like the STU model, the flat directions of the mass matrix can be lifted by a suitable choice of the instanton parameters.
description: Minor modifications, Corrected typos, 38 pages, 1 figure
Subspace Methods for Joint Sparse Recovery
Creators: name: Lee, Kiryung
name: Bresler, Yoram
name: Junge, Marius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose robust and efficient algorithms for the joint sparse recovery problem in compressed sensing, which simultaneously recover the supports of jointly sparse signals from their multiple measurement vectors obtained through a common sensing matrix. In a favorable situation, the unknown matrix, which consists of the jointly sparse signals, has linearly independent nonzero rows. In this case, the MUSIC (MUltiple SIgnal Classification) algorithm, originally proposed by Schmidt for the direction of arrival problem in sensor array processing and later proposed and analyzed for joint sparse recovery by Feng and Bresler, provides a guarantee with the minimum number of measurements. We focus instead on the unfavorable but practically significant case of rank-defect or ill-conditioning. This situation arises with limited number of measurement vectors, or with highly correlated signal components. In this case MUSIC fails, and in practice none of the existing methods can consistently approach the fundamental limit. We propose subspace-augmented MUSIC (SA-MUSIC), which improves on MUSIC so that the support is reliably recovered under such unfavorable conditions. Combined with subspace-based greedy algorithms also proposed and analyzed in this paper, SA-MUSIC provides a computationally efficient algorithm with a performance guarantee. The performance guarantees are given in terms of a version of restricted isometry property. In particular, we also present a non-asymptotic perturbation analysis of the signal subspace estimation that has been missing in the previous study of MUSIC.
description: submitted to IEEE transactions on Information Theory, revised version
Additional file 2 of Development of Australian physical activity and screen time guidelines for outside school hours care: an international Delphi study
Creators: name: Virgara, Rosa
name: Phillips, Anna
name: Lewis, Lucy
name: Richardson, Mandy
name: Maher, Carol
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2.
MPEC 2023-X171 : 2023 XQ5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 XQ5

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Detecting and distinguishing topological defects in future data from the CMBPol satellite
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Pia
name: Urrestilla, Jon
name: Kunz, Martin
name: Liddle, Andrew R.
name: Bevis, Neil
name: Hindmarsh, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The proposed CMBPol mission will be able to detect the imprint of topological defects on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) provided the contribution is sufficiently strong. We quantify the detection threshold for cosmic strings and for textures, and analyse the satellite's ability to distinguish between these different types of defects. We also assess the level of danger of misidentification of a defect signature as from the wrong defect type or as an effect of primordial gravitational waves. A 0.002 fractional contribution of cosmic strings to the CMB temperature spectrum at multipole ten, and similarly a 0.001 fractional contribution of textures, can be detected and correctly identified at the 3σ level. We also confirm that a tensor contribution of r = 0.0018 can be detected at over 3σ, in agreement with the CMBpol mission concept study. These results are supported by a model selection analysis.
description: New version has slightly reworded section III, 10 pages, 6 figures
Analysis Framework for Opportunistic Spectrum OFDMA and its Application to the IEEE 802.22 Standard
Creators: name: Park, Jihoon
name: Pawełczak, Przemysław
name: Grønsund, Pål
name: Čabrić, Danijela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present an analytical model that enables throughput evaluation of Opportunistic Spectrum Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OS-OFDMA) networks. The core feature of the model, based on a discrete time Markov chain, is the consideration of different channel and subchannel allocation strategies under different Primary and Secondary user types, traffic and priority levels. The analytical model also assesses the impact of different spectrum sensing strategies on the throughput of OS-OFDMA network. The analysis applies to the IEEE 802.22 standard, to evaluate the impact of two-stage spectrum sensing strategy and varying temporal activity of wireless microphones on the IEEE 802.22 throughput. Our study suggests that OS-OFDMA with subchannel notching and channel bonding could provide almost ten times higher throughput compared with the design without those options, when the activity and density of wireless microphones is very high. Furthermore, we confirm that OS-OFDMA implementation without subchannel notching, used in the IEEE 802.22, is able to support real-time and non-real-time quality of service classes, provided that wireless microphones temporal activity is moderate (with approximately one wireless microphone per 3,000 inhabitants with light urban population density and short duty cycles). Finally, two-stage spectrum sensing option improves OS-OFDMA throughput, provided that the length of spectrum sensing at every stage is optimized using our model.
Additional file 1 of New field wind manipulation methodology reveals adaptive responses of steppe plants to increased and reduced wind speed
Creators: name: Shudong Zhang
name: Guofang Liu
name: Qingguo Cui
name: Zhenying Huang
name: Ye, Xuehua
name: Cornelissen, Johannes H. C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The specifications of all the instruments used in the experiment. Fig. S1. The distribution of wind direction of maximum wind speed from 2005 to 2015 at the meteorological station at Ordos ecological station. Fig. S2. Background environmental conditions during experimental period at Ordos ecological station. (A) Rainfall and temperature pattern within 2017. (B) Monthly mean and maximum wind velocity within the experimental period (April to October of 2017). (C) Daily mean and maximum wind velocity within the experimental period (April to October of 2017). (D) The distribution of wind direction of maximum wind speed from April to October of 2017. Fig. S3. Dynamics of air temperature (A), soil temperature (B), relative humidity (C) and volumetric water content (D) (mean ± SE) under different wind treatment over 24 h during the experiment period. D in the legend means decreased wind velocity treatment, CK means ambient wind velocity treatment, and I means increased wind velocity treatment. Fig. S4. Comparison of the wind treatment effects between the whole data set and the westerly-wind data subset extracted from the whole data set. D means decreased wind velocity treatment, CK means ambient wind velocity treatment, and I means increased wind velocity treatment. D-W, CK-W and I-W, respectively, are the westerly subsets of the data for the decreased, ambient and increased wind velocity treatments. Fig. S5. Response of various traits to different wind velocity treatments in four plant species: Leaf length (A), leaf width (B), leaf area (C), SLA (D), overall bifurcation ratio (E), Stem base diameter (F), and stem lignin content (G). Decrease means decreased wind velocity treatment, CK means ambient wind velocity treatment, and Increase means increased wind velocity treatment. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among the three treatments at P
Additional file 1 of Development of Australian physical activity and screen time guidelines for outside school hours care: an international Delphi study
Creators: name: Virgara, Rosa
name: Phillips, Anna
name: Lewis, Lucy
name: Richardson, Mandy
name: Maher, Carol
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 1 of A case of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura induced by acute severe hepatitis E: successfully treated by plasma exchange and rituximab
Creators: name: Ou, Yingwei
name: Xu, Yifan
name: Tan, Zhaowang
name: Pang, Lingxiao
name: Li, Shengqin
name: Li, Qian
name: Cai, Wenwei
name: Nan, Yong
name: Tu, Jianfeng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Extending Susceptible-Infected-Recovered modeling to COVID-19
Creators: name: Bardwell, Samantha
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: The onset of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has been trying for both modellers and public health officials as predictions and policies are made amidst the ongoing pandemic. The emergence of new strains, many vaccine-resistant, continue to present modellers with further challenges in predicting the complex infectious disease dynamics. Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) models are one of the most common models for studying infectious disease. When reinfection is possible, SIRS models are typically used, and have been seen frequently throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. We propose a series of SIRS adaptations to examine waning immunity and reinfection with the evolution of new strains. First, we develop a two-cycle SIRS model with vaccination and varying transmission in which individuals are either immunologically naive and experiencing exposure for the first time, or have some history of exposure, whether through vaccination, infection, or both. The long-run model results are similar to those of the classic SIRS model, predicting an endemic state in which infection exists and all individuals are in the second SIRS cycle. However, implementing two cycles allows for a more detailed transition from pandemic to endemic state. Next, we develop a multi-strain SIRS model, in which new strains are introduced into the population at various time points. Memory exists for the most recent strain exposure, however individuals are susceptible to reinfection for any other strain. We implement a classic SIRS model with varying waning immunity at various time points to represent susceptibility to new strains, and compare this model to our multi-strain model. We find that both models approach the same long-term equilibrium; however, our multi-strain model captures more total infections. Finally, we use a two-strain model to examine the most likely time for a new strain to emerge. Using our two-strain SIRS model, we predict the window of opportunity within which a new strain can be successful with varying transmissibilities, and using an early time stochastic model we investigate the timing of new strain mutation.
MPEC 2023-X172 : 2023 XR5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 XR5

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Additional file 3 of Development of Australian physical activity and screen time guidelines for outside school hours care: an international Delphi study
Creators: name: Virgara, Rosa
name: Phillips, Anna
name: Lewis, Lucy
name: Richardson, Mandy
name: Maher, Carol
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3.
Representation learning for Arabic dialect identification
Creators: name: Sullivan, Peter
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Arabic dialect identification (ADI) is an important aspect of the Arabic speech processing pipeline, and in particular dialectal Arabic automatic speech recognition (ASR) models. In this work, we present an overview of corpora and methods applicable to both ADI and dialectal Arabic ASR, then we benchmark two approaches to using pre-trained speech representation models for ADI. Namely, we first employ direct fine-tuning, and then use fixed-representations extracted from pre-trained models as an intermediate step in the ADI process. We train and evaluate our models on the granular ADI-17 Arabic dialect corpus (92% F1 for our fine-tuned HuBERT model), and further probe generalization by evaluating our trained models on coarse-grained ADI-5, (80% F1 for fine-tuned HuBERT).
Radioactivity Backgrounds in ZEPLIN-III
Creators: name: Araujo, H. M.
name: Akimov, D. Yu.
name: Barnes, E. J.
name: Belov, V. A.
name: Bewick, A.
name: Burenkov, A. A.
name: Currie, V. Chepel. A.
name: DeViveiros, L.
name: Edwards, B.
name: Ghag, C.
name: Hollingsworth, A.
name: Horn, M.
name: Kalmus, G. E.
name: Kobyakin, A. S.
name: Kovalenko, A. G.
name: Lebedenko, V. N.
name: Lindote, A.
name: Lopes, M. I.
name: Luscher, R.
name: Majewski, P.
name: Neves, A. StJ. Murphy. F.
name: Paling, S. M.
name: da Cunha, J. Pinto
name: Preece, R.
name: Quenby, J. J.
name: Reichhart, L.
name: Scovell, P. R.
name: Silva, C.
name: Solovov, V. N.
name: Smith, N. J. T.
name: Smith, P. F.
name: Stekhanov, V. N.
name: Sumner, T. J.
name: Thorne, C.
name: Walker, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine electron and nuclear recoil backgrounds from radioactivity in the ZEPLIN-III dark matter experiment at Boulby. The rate of low-energy electron recoils in the liquid xenon WIMP target is 0.75$\pm$0.05 events/kg/day/keV, which represents a 20-fold improvement over the rate observed during the first science run. Energy and spatial distributions agree with those predicted by component-level Monte Carlo simulations propagating the effects of the radiological contamination measured for materials employed in the experiment. Neutron elastic scattering is predicted to yield 3.05$\pm$0.5 nuclear recoils with energy 5-50 keV per year, which translates to an expectation of 0.4 events in a 1-year dataset in anti-coincidence with the veto detector for realistic signal acceptance. Less obvious background sources are discussed, especially in the context of future experiments. These include contamination of scintillation pulses with Cherenkov light from Compton electrons and from $β$ activity internal to photomultipliers, which can increase the size and lower the apparent time constant of the scintillation response. Another challenge is posed by multiple-scatter $γ$-rays with one or more vertices in regions that yield no ionisation. If the discrimination power achieved in the first run can be replicated, ZEPLIN-III should reach a sensitivity of $\sim 1 \times 10^{-8}$ pb$\cdot$year to the scalar WIMP-nucleon elastic cross-section, as originally conceived.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
title: Hydrodynamic studies of the electrochemical oxidation of organic fuels
Creators: name: Sayadi, Azam
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2021

description: A clear understanding of small organic molecules (SOM) electrochemical oxidation opens a great opportunity for breakthrough in the development of fuel cell technology. SOM such as formic acid, methanol, and ethanol can produce electrical power through their oxidation in the fuel cell's anode. These molecules are also known as organic fuels and theoretically have the potential to produce close to 100% energy efficiency in a fuel cell. However, fast and complete oxidation of some organic fuels, such as ethanol, has not been achieved at this time, and has led to a dramatic decrease in the level of fuel cell efficiency. Therefore, a comprehensive study of the electrocatalytic oxidation mechanisms of organic fuels as well as a determination of the average number of transferred electrons (nₐᵥ) are crucial for the enhancement of fuel cell efficiency. Hydrodynamic methods are highly effective approaches for these study purposes, and they have the ability to emulate the hydrodynamic conditions of a fuel cell anode. The main purpose of this project was establishing a simple and novel system for the assessment of various fuel cell catalysts performances in relation to formic acid, methanol and ethanol electrochemical oxidation. For this purpose, we applied two different approaches of hydrodynamic techniques, rotating disk voltammetry (RDV) and ow cell electrolysis. Also, as for fuel cells, thick catalyst layers were applied in our studies in order to obtain meaningful data which are more relevant to an actual fuel cell. We showed that RDV is a convenient and useful method for the determination of the pure kinetic component of the oxidation current which represents a catalyst activity. Also, we estimated nav for methanol and ethanol using mathematical treatments related to RDV. Two-electrode and three-electrode ow-through cells were designed to determine the mass transport and kinetic parameters of the formic acid oxidation current, which can be further extended to methanol and ethanol for nₐᵥ determination. The two-electrode ow-through cell provided for rapid collection of oxidation products and real time measurements of CO₂ for stoichiometric investigations.
MPEC 2023-X173 : 2023 XS5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 XS5

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
ATG7 and ATG14 restrict cytosolic and phagosomal Mycobacterium tuberculosis replication in human macrophages
Creators: name: Aylan, Beren
name: Bernard, Elliott M
name: Pellegrino, Enrica
name: Botella, Laure
name: Fearns, Antony
name: Athanasiadi, Natalia
name: Bussi, Claudio
name: Santucci, Pierre
name: Gutierrez, Maximiliano G
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: Model organisms
Infectious Disease
Cell Biology

description: Autophagy is a cellular innate-immune defence mechanism against intracellular microorganisms, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). How canonical and non-canonical autophagy function to control Mtb infection in phagosomes and the cytosol remains unresolved. Macrophages are the main host cell in humans for Mtb. Here we studied the contributions of canonical and non-canonical autophagy in the genetically tractable human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages (iPSDM), using a set of Mtb mutants generated in the same genetic background of the common lab strain H37Rv. We monitored replication of Mtb mutants that are either unable to trigger canonical autophagy (Mtb ΔesxBA) or reportedly unable to block non-canonical autophagy (Mtb ΔcpsA) in iPSDM lacking either ATG7 or ATG14 using single-cell high-content imaging. We report that deletion of ATG7 by CRISPR–Cas9 in iPSDM resulted in increased replication of wild-type Mtb but not of Mtb ΔesxBA or Mtb ΔcpsA. We show that deletion of ATG14 resulted in increased replication of both Mtb wild type and the mutant Mtb ΔesxBA. Using Mtb reporters and quantitative imaging, we identified a role for ATG14 in regulating fusion of phagosomes containing Mtb with lysosomes, thereby enabling intracellular bacteria restriction. We conclude that ATG7 and ATG14 are both required for restricting Mtb replication in human macrophages.
General relativistic effects on non-linear power spectra
Creators: name: Jeong, Donghui
name: Gong, Jinn-Ouk
name: Noh, Hyerim
name: Hwang, Jai-chan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-linear nature of Einstein equation introduces genuine relativistic higher order corrections to the usual Newtonian fluid equations describing the evolution of cosmological perturbations. We study the effect of such novel non-linearities on the next-to-leading order matter and velocity power spectra for the case of pressureless, irrotational fluid in a flat Friedmann background. We find that pure general relativistic corrections are negligibly small over all scales. Our result guarantees that, in the current paradigm of standard cosmology, one can safely use Newtonian cosmology even in non-linear regimes.
description: (v1) 5 pages, 1 figure; (v2) 4 pages, 2 figures, thoroughly revised including discussions on the peculiar velocity power spectrum, to appear in Astrophysical Journal
Entropy Distance: New Quantum Phenomena
Creators: name: Knauf, Andreas
name: Weis, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 62B10, 81P45, 94A17

description: We study a curve of Gibbsian families of complex 3x3-matrices and point out new features, absent in commutative finite-dimensional algebras: a discontinuous maximum-entropy inference, a discontinuous entropy distance and non-exposed faces of the mean value set. We analyze these problems from various aspects including convex geometry, topology and information geometry. This research is motivated by a theory of info-max principles, where we contribute by computing first order optimality conditions of the entropy distance.
description: 34 pages, 5 figures