cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Experimental exploration of ErB2 and SHAP analysis on a machine-learned model of magnetocaloric materials for materials design
Creators: name: Terashima, Kensei
name: de Castro, Pedro Baptista
name: Saito, Akiko Takahashi
name: Yamamoto, Takafumi D
name: Matsumoto, Ryo
name: Takeya, Hiroyuki
name: Takano, Yoshihiko
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Mental Health

description: Stimulated by a recent report of a giant magnetocaloric effect in HoB2 found via machine-learning predictions, we have explored the magnetocaloric properties of a related compound ErB2 that has remained the last ferromagnetic material among the rare-earth diboride (REB2) family with unreported magnetic entropy change |ΔSM|. The evaluated |ΔSM| at field change of 5 T in ErB2 turned out to be as high as 26.1 J kg−1 K−1 around the ferromagnetic transition (TC) of 14 K. In this series, HoB2 is found to be the material with the largest |ΔSM| as the model predicted, while the predicted values showed a deviation with a systematic error compared to the experimental values. Through a coalition analysis using SHAP, we explore how this rare-earth dependence and the deviation in the prediction are deduced in the model. We further discuss how SHAP analysis can be useful in clarifying favorable combinations of constituent atoms through the machine-learned model with compositional descriptors. This analysis helps us to perform materials design with aid of machine learning of materials data.
title: Lattice Polynomials and Polytopes
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2020

description: A polyhedron, expressed in its canonical form as the intersection of half-spaces, is implicitly defined with respect to a particular ``component-wise'' partial order. This partial order on $\mbb{R}^n$ is a distributive lattice. While a polyhedron with this partial order may not be a sublattice of $\mbb{R}^n$, it may still nevertheless retain some of its lattice structure. This thesis characterizes and classifies polyhedra in $\mbb{R}^n$ according to how much lattice structure is retained. This is done by investigating their closure under convex clones of lattice polynomials. In addition, we investigate the join irreducibles of join semilattice polytopes, and show that they necessarily form faces of the polytope. We then characterize various attributes of these ``join irreducible faces.''
Demonstration of efficient transfer learning in segmentation problem in synchrotron radiation X-ray CT data for epoxy resin
Creators: name: Hamamoto, Satoru
name: Oura, Masaki
name: Shundo, Atsuomi
name: Kawaguchi, Daisuke
name: Yamamoto, Satoru
name: Takano, Hidekazu
name: Uesugi, Masayuki
name: Takeuchi, Akihisa
name: Iwai, Takahiro
name: Seto, Yasuo
name: Joti, Yasumasa
name: Sato, Kento
name: Tanaka, Keiji
name: Hatsui, Takaki
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Cell Biology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Synchrotron radiation X-ray computed tomography (CT) provides information about the three-dimensional electron density inside a sample with a high spatial resolution. Recently, the need to examine the internal structure of materials composed of light elements, such as water and carbon fibers in resins, has increased. Small density differences in these systems give low X-ray contrast; segmentation methods suited for this type of problem are necessary. Machine learning is typically used to analyze CT data, and a large amount of training data is required to train a machine learning model. Conversely, transfer learning, which uses existing learning models, can develop a learning model using only a small amount of training data. In this study, the synchrotron radiation X-ray CT images of an epoxy resin containing water have been analyzed using transfer learning as the validation of a method for analyzing low-contrast CT data with high accuracy. Circular domain structures in the resin have been observed using the X-ray CT method, and statistical information about these structures has been successfully obtained by transfer learning-based analysis. Here, transfer learning is performed using twelve slices within an X-ray CT 3D image, demonstrating that low-contrast synchrotron CT data can be segmented with a small amount of training data. Segmentation of domains in polymer resins in low-contrast synchrotron radiation CT was demonstrated using a transfer learning method with a low computational cost and a small amount of training data.
title: Agents, Networks And Empirical Data: Agent Based Modeling For Understanding Inter-Country And Intra-Country Dynamics
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2021

description: Understanding the systems and processes that make up international relations and politics is difficult. Outcomes may appear unpredictable and the processes by which decisions get made may seem too complicated to understand or model. Decisions about complex issues like the decision to go to war or what type of government to establish involve many different interconnected parts interacting with one another and leading to emergent outcomes that have great consequences for countries, governments, and individuals. This dissertation uses agent-based modeling to investigate the ramifications of international alliances, on one hand, and the behavior and interaction of competing political parties and voters on the other, using empirical data and existing theoretical frameworks.I extended a well-known model for understanding emerging political actors using historical data on the network of formal defense alliances across the world. Based on a country’s status and network position, individual countries target one another, each utilizing plausible decision rules to decide whether to pay tribute or go to war. The resulting positions of countries in the international system, produced by the Global Tribute model, show broad qualitative agreement with the international system of the late 20th century. This work demonstrates that an agent-based model with simple decision rules can yield historically relevant results. To investigate election behavior within a country I modify and extend, in various ways, a party competition model. Using empirical data comparing political parties I show that a three-dimensional policy space is sufficient to characterize much of the heterogeneity in ideological positions, and I extend the model from two to three dimensions. Then, based on the movement of parties in the ideological space, I incorporate voter decision rules for assessing which party they will support and if they will choose to vote. The results of this Voter and Election model show plausible results for voter behavior and are another example of how agent-based models with simple rules can be used in concert with empirical data. This dissertation shows a useful methodological framework to understand how complex systems with many interdependencies work by connecting empirical data to relatively simple models. It demonstrates how abstracting these systems and focusing on their constituent components can help to understand systems’ outcomes and emergent properties.
Transmission Spectra of Rb 87 atoms near an Optical Nanofiber.
Creators: name: Patterson, Burkley D.
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physics
subject: Atomic physics
subject: Quantum physics
subject: asymmetry
subject: desorption
subject: Nanofiber
subject: Rubidium
subject: Spectrum
subject: van der Waals

description: We present measurements of the transmission spectra of 87Rb atoms at 780 nm in the vicinity of a nanofiber. A uniform distribution of fixed atoms around a nanofiber should produce a spectrum that is broadened towards the red due to shifts from the van der Waals potential. If the atoms are free, this also produces an attractive force that accelerates them until they collide with the fiber which depletes the steady-state density of near-surface atoms. It is for this reason that measurements of the van der Waals interaction are sparse. We confirm this by measuring the spectrum cold atoms from a magneto-optical trap around the fiber, revealing a symmetric line shape with nearly the natural linewidth of the transition. When we use an auxiliary 750 nm laser we are able to controllably desorb a steady flux of atoms from the fiber that reside near the surface (less than 50 nm) long enough to feel the van der Walls interaction and produce an asymmetric spectrum. We quantify the spectral asymmetry as a function of 750 nm laser power and find a maximum. Our model, which that takes into account the change in the density distribution, qualitatively explains the observations. In the future this can be used as a tool to more comprehensively study atom-surface interactions.
STORYTELLING, EMOTION UNDERSTANDING, AND KINDERGARTNERS’ SOCIAL COMPETENCE
Creators: name: Lashley, Arianna Lakeisha
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Educational psychology
subject: Emotion Understanding
subject: Kindergartners
subject: Social Competence
subject: Theory of Mind

description: Interpreting others’ emotions is theoretically foundational for children’s social competence, yet little research contrasts Emotion Understanding (EU) types against their theoretical correlates. This study investigated kindergartners’ situationistic EU (attributing emotions based on external events) and mentalistic EU (attributing emotions from others’ mental states) in relation to Theory of Mind (ToM) and social skills, as rated by parents and teachers. The EU measures were expected to have low associations with one another and to relate differently to ToM and select social skills. Mentalistic EU was expected to be an important predictor of teacher-rated social skills. Results supported the hypothesis that mentalistic EU and situationistic EU are distinct constructs. However, both relate to ToM. Furthermore, while ToM and situationistic EU variables were included in the regression model, only vocabulary and mentalistic EU were significant predictors for teacher-rated social skills. Results indicate the importance of mentalistic EU in aspects of kindergartners’ social competence.
Two descriptors avoiding explicit bond consideration on relative surface energies of various terminations in a crystal
Creators: name: Hinuma, Yoyo
name: Yasumura, Shunsaku
name: Toyao, Takashi
name: Kamachi, Takashi
name: Shimizu, Ken-ichi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Computational Biology

description: A bulk crystal can be cleaved with various terminations, and finding stable terminations, which may have high Miller indices, is a non-trivial task. We propose two independent and complementary descriptors, based on the atom positions of the crystal only, for surface energies of various terminations in a crystal. One is the ‘atom proximity function of a plane’, p, where the Gaussian of the distance from a plane is summed up for atoms near the surface and then normalized. The other is the ‘surface roughness index’, v, which is based on the density of surface atoms and the bonding environment, namely the solid angle of ‘open space’ around an atom. These descriptors contain parameters, but using predetermined suggested values make these descriptors effectively parameter-free. The validity of the descriptors is demonstrated on sc, fcc, and bcc crystals and oxides Li2O, Na2O, K2O, MgO, CaO, β-Ga2O3, θ-Al2O3, rutile structure TiO2, SnO2, and GeO2, anatase structure TiO2, β-Ga2O3, θ-Al2O3, and monoclinic ZrO2. Very stable terminations typically have both small p and large v compared to others. Surface energy descriptors based on the bulk structure only and without explicit consideration of ‘bond lengths’ can significantly accelerate identification of reasonable surface models without actual surface model calculations.
title: Temperature and Time Dependent Viscosity of an Elastomer Modified Epoxy Resin
Creators: name: Wagner Jr., Woodrow Williard
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1978

description: Temperature effects on the vi seas i ty of an epoxy res ·in (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A - DGEBA), an elastomer (carboxy terminated butadiene acrylonitrile - CTBN), and two blends containing nominally 10 percent elastomer were examined from strain rates of 0.1 sec-1 to 10,000 sec-1 over a temperature range from 300K to 450K. All results indicated the greatest drop in viscosity occurred for each of the materials over the temperature range of 300K to 350K. In addition, the materials exhibited Newtonian responses over the entire strain rate range, Adding small amounts of elastomer to the I epoxy only moderately effected the viscosity, whereas the catalyst, triphenylphosphine, added to one of the blends did not measurably change the viscosity. Activation energies over the test temperature range were calculated using the Arrhenius relationship between viscosity and inverse temperature. Two distinct activation energies were found for each material in the temperature ranges 300K to 350K and 400K to 450K, indicating the existence of two different molecular flow mechanisms in these two temperature ranges.
СТОМАТИТ КАСАЛЛИГИНИНГ ПАЙДО БУЛИШИ САБАБЛАРИ, ТУРЛАРИ ВА ДАВОЛАШ УСУЛЛАРИ
Creators: name: Исматуллаева, Жасминабону
name: Эрназарова, Сарвиноз
name: Шокиров, Собиржон
name: Ахмедов, Нодирбек
name: Кубаев, А.Э.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ушбу макола оғиз шиллиқ қаватида яллиғланиш сабаблари, турлари ва бу касаллик ҳар қандай ёшдаги одамларда учраши хамда энг содда даволаш усуллари хакида баён килади.
title: Policy Watch: Impact of Britain's drawdown
Creators: name: Katz, Mark N.
Publisher: name: UPI.com (United Press International, Inc.)
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: International affairs
subject: Great Britain
subject: Iraq War, 2003-2010
subject: Blair, Tony, 1953-

description: © 2007 United Press International, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Deposited with permission from UPI.com.
description: Tony Blair's announcement that Britain will reduce its troop presence in Iraq from 7,100 to 5,500 by the end of summer, and possibly to 5,000 by the end of 2007 has come as a shock to the Bush administration. After all, until now, Blair has been President George W. Bush's supporter amongst foreign leaders in the Iraq war effort. The fact that Blair will decrease British presence in Iraq right when Bush is seeking to increase the American one by 21,500 troops has major implications. Both the White House and Downing Street claim that the British drawdown is being undertaken because the security situation in Basra -- where the British are primarily deployed -- has improved. This, however, appears to be little more than an attempt to put a positive spin on an unpleasant political reality.
Comparison of Hydrologic and Hydraulic Characteristics of the Anacostia River to Non-Urban Coastal Streams
Creators: name: McDowell, Mallori
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Hydrologic sciences
subject: Geomorphology
subject: Channelization
subject: Geomorphology
subject: Hydraulics
subject: Hydrology
subject: Urbanization
subject: Watershed

description: Streams in urban areas often utilize channelization and other bank erosion control measures to improve flood conveyance, reduce channel migration, and overbank flooding. This leads to reductions in evapotranspiration and sediment storage on floodplains. The purpose of this study is to quantify the evapotranspiration and sediment transport capacity in the Anacostia Watershed, a large Coastal Plain urban watershed, and to compare these processes to a similar sized non-urban watershed. Times series data of hydrologic and hydraulic changes in the Anacostia, as urbanization progressed between 1939-2014, were also analyzed. The data indicates lower values of warm season runoff in the non-urban stream, suggesting a shift from evapotranspiration to runoff in urban streams. Channelization in the Anacostia also increased flow velocities and decreased high flow width. The high velocities associated with channelization and the removal of floodplain storage sites allows for the continued downstream transport of sediment despite stream bank stabilization.
DEVELOPMENT OF A NUCLEIC ACID-BASED SPECIFIC GROWTH MODEL FOR JUVENILE BLUE CRAB, CALLINECTES SAPIDUS
Creators: name: Zaveta, Danielle Rae
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Environmental science
subject: blue crab
subject: growth
subject: growth index
subject: juvenile habitat
subject: nucleic acid
subject: RNA:DNA

description: The evaluation and identification of habitats that function as nurseries for marine species has the potential to improve conservation and management. A key assessment of nursery habitat is estimating individual growth. However, the discrete growth of crustaceans presents a challenge for many traditional in situ techniques to accurately estimate growth over a short temporal scale. To evaluate the use of nucleic acid ratios (R:D) for juvenile blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), I developed and validated an R:D-based index of growth in the laboratory. R:D based growth estimates of crabs collected in the Patuxent River, MD indicated growth ranged from 0.8-25.9 (mg·g-1·d-1). Overall, there was no effect of size on growth, whereas there was a weak, but significant effect of date. These data provide insight into patterns of habitat-specific growth. These results highlight the complexity of the biological and physical factors which regulate growth of juvenile blue crabs in the field.
Opening the Black Box of the Organizational Change for Technological Innovation
Creators: name: Vieira, Glicia
name: Quadros, Ruy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Innovation management
subject: Organizational change. Strategy. Structure. Technological innovation.

description: This  article  aims  to  discuss  the  process  of  organizational  change  for  technological  innovation.  To understand  this  process,  a  Brazilian  mining  company  will  be  analyzed.  The  survey  was  conducted with   secondary  data.  The  main  source  for  the   collection  of   secondary  data  were   available information  on  company  documents  (investorsreports,  brochures,  corporate  presentations)  during the  period  2010-2015, papers and  doctoral  thesis.  The  results  show  that  changes  in  the  company's growthstrategy led to changes in the innovation strategy and organizational change. Changes were made  in  the  company  structure  to  facilitate  the process  of  implementing  the  innovation  strategy.  In addition,  organizational  changes  to  technological  innovation  hadmainly  aimed  to  make  the collegiate decision-making processes, in order to obtain negotiation, supportand consensus.
L’audizione di Paolo Sylos Labini dinanzi alla Commissione parlamentare sui problemi del monopolio: quali insegnamenti per il presente. (Paolo Sylos Labini's Testimony at the Italian Parliamentary Inquiry Commission on Competition: Lessons for the Present
Creators: name: Sabbatini, Pierluigi
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Sylos Labini, Monopoly, Antitrust Law
subject: K21, B31, D42

description: L'autore sottolinea i contributi della testimonianza di Sylos Labini alla Commissione di inchiesta parlamentare italiana sulla concorrenza, tenutasi nel 1962. Si concentra su questioni di applicazione antitrust, in termini di: responsabilità, prioritizzazione degli interventi antitrust e verifiche sul potere di mercato.

Testo del discorso tenuto alla conferenza "Paolo Sylos Labini e la politica delle riforme", tenutasi all'Università La Sapienza di Roma il 4 dicembre 2015, organizzata dall'Accademia dei Lincei e da Economia civile.

The author underlines the contributions of Sylos Labini's testimony at the Italian Parliamentary Inquiry Commission on Competition, held in 1962. He focuses on issues of antitrust enforcement, in terms of: accountability, prioritization of Antitrust interventions and checks on market power.

Text of the speech given at the conference "Paolo Sylos Labini e la politica delle riforme", held at Sapienza University of Rome on 04 December 2015, organized by the Accademia dei Lincei and Economia civile.

JEL code: K21, B31, D42
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 69, N. 274 (2016): giugno
Due culture, due concezioni dell'impresa pubblica (Two Cultures, Two Ideas of Public Enterprises)
Creators: name: Biasco, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Public enterprises, Privatization, Paolo Sylos Labini
subject: B31, L33, L32

description: L'articolo analizza il pensiero di Paolo Sylos Labini sulle imprese pubbliche e ricorda la definizione di impresa pubblica come un mix di potere contrattuale e strumento di politica economica. Testo del discorso tenuto alla conferenza "Paolo Sylos Labini e la politica delle riforme", tenutasi all'Università La Sapienza di Roma il 4 dicembre 2015, organizzata dall'Accademia dei Lincei e da Economia civile.

The article analyses Paolo Sylos Labini’s thinking on public enterprises and recalls the definition of public enterprise as a mix of countervailing power and instrument of economic policy. Text of the speech given at the conference "Paolo Sylos Labini e la politica delle riforme", held at Sapienza University of Rome on 04 December 2015, organized by the Accademia dei Lincei and Economia civile.

JEL code: B31, L33, L32
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 69, N. 274 (2016): giugno
Experimental exploration of ErB2 and SHAP analysis on a machine-learned model of magnetocaloric materials for materials design
Creators: name: Terashima, Kensei
name: Castro, Pedro Baptistade
name: Saito, Akiko Takahashi
name: Yamamoto, Takafumi D
name: Matsumoto, Ryo
name: Takeya, Hiroyuki
name: Takano, Yoshihiko
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Mental Health

description: Stimulated by a recent report of a giant magnetocaloric effect in HoB2 found via machine-learning predictions, we have explored the magnetocaloric properties of a related compound ErB2, that has remained the last ferromagnetic material among the rare-earth diboride (REB2) family with unreported magnetic entropy change |ΔSM|. The evaluated |ΔSM| at field change of 5 T in ErB2 turned out to be as high as 26.1 (J kg–1 K–1) around the ferromagnetic transition (TC) of 14 K. In this series, HoB2 is found to be the material with the largest |ΔSM| as the model predicted, while the predicted values showed a deviation with a systematic error compared to the experimental values. Through a coalition analysis using SHAP, we explore how this rare-earth dependence and the deviation in the prediction are deduced in the model. We further discuss how SHAP analysis can be useful in clarifying favorable combinations of constituent atoms through the machine-learned model with compositional descriptors. This analysis helps us to perform materials design with aid of machine learning of materials data.
Camden Council vote on listing the Camden Township on the State Heritage Register
Creators: name: Willis, Ian
Publisher: name: Ian Willis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: New South Wales

description: This blog post details a motion considered by Camden Council on 11 March 2025. The council discussed a motion by Councillor Peter McLean to list Camden Township on the State Heritage Register, citing its significant historical and cultural value. Despite support from the Camden Historical Society and several councillors, the motion was ultimately defeated in a 6-3 vote, with concerns raised about its impact on businesses.
title: Paper: Jack A. Underhill, "Soviet New Towns, Housing and National Urban Policy: An Update," May 1987
Creators: name: Underhill, Jack A.
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: New communities
subject: Soviet Union

description: Textual: Paper, copy; 11” x 8.5” (27.9 cm x 21.6 cm)
description: Paper by Jack Underhill entitled "Soviet New Towns, Housing and National Urban Policy: An Update" and dated May 1987. This paper was presented at the Greenbelt Conference, which was part of the celebration of the fifty-year anniversary of Greenbelt, Maryland. This excerpt of the paper contains most of section five, which is a collection of observations on Soviet urban and housing development. Underhill discusses design quality, housing quality, historic preservation, services and social factors. Planned Community Archives Collection, 638.01.01
Detailed and high-throughput measurement of composition dependence of magnetoresistance and spin–transfer torque using a composition-gradient film: application to CoxFe1-x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) system
Creators: name: Barwal, Vineet
name: Suto, Hirofumi
name: Taniguchi, Tomohiro
name: Sakuraba, Yuya
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: We develop a high-throughput method for measuring the composition dependence of magnetoresistance (MR) and spin-transfer-torque (STT) effects in current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance (CPP-GMR) devices and report its application to the CoFe system. The method is based on the use of composition-gradient films deposited by combinatorial sputtering. This structure allows the fabrication of devices with different compositions on a single substrate, drastically enhancing the throughput in investigating composition dependence. We fabricated CPP-GMR devices on a single GMR film consisting of a CoxFe1-x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) composition-gradient layer, a Cu spacer layer, and a NiFe layer. The MR ratio obtained from resistance-field measurements exhibited the maximum in the broad Co concentration range of 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.65. In addition, the STT efficiency was estimated from the current to induce magnetization reversal of the NiFe layer by spin injection from the CoxFe1-x layer. The STT efficiency was also the highest around the same Co concentration range as for the MR ratio, and this correlation was theoretically explained by the change in the spin polarization of the CoxFe1-x layer. The results revealed the CoxFe1-x composition range suitable for spintronic applications, demonstrating the advantages of the developed method. We report high-throughput measurement of composition-dependent magnetoresistance and spin transfer torque. Composition-gradient films allow the investigation of devices with different compositions on a single substrate, thereby boosting throughput.
Supplementary document for A Raman spectromics method for fast and label-free genotype screening - 6390798.pdf
Creators: name: Zhu, Shanshan
name: Li, Yanjian
name: Zhang, Fengdi
name: Xiong, Changchun
name: Gao, Han
name: Yao, Yudong
name: Qian, Wei
name: Ding, Chen
name: Chen, Shuo
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The tentative assignments of Raman peaks to vibrational modes and biomolecules
title: From Fabulous to Frump: The Changing Fashions of Martha Washington
Creators: name: Teixeira, Teresa
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Martha Washington
subject: Textiles
subject: Costume history
subject: Eighteenth-century textiles

description: This thesis analyzes the extant fragments of Martha Washington’s wardrobe in order to place her within the fashion context of her day. The analysis shows that rather than falling into the matronly image Americans associate with her, Martha followed the fashions of her day. Since most of the remaining textiles date to the mid-eighteenth century, the examination of her image through her clothing focuses on her life before the American Revolution, with the latter portion of her life focused on documentary descriptions. Before Martha Washington crafted her image to represent the ideal American woman, she appeared fashionable and worthy of her high social rank.
Detailed and high-throughput measurement of composition dependence of magnetoresistance and spin-transfer torque using a composition-gradient film: application to CoxFe1-x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) system
Creators: name: Barwal, Vineet
name: Suto, Hirofumi
name: Taniguchi, Tomohiro
name: Sakuraba, Yuya
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: We develop a high-throughput method for measuring the composition dependence of magnetoresistance (MR) and spin-transfer-torque (STT) effects in current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance (CPP-GMR) devices and report its application to the CoFe system. The method is based on the use of composition-gradient films deposited by combinatorial sputtering. This structure allows the fabrication of devices with different compositions on a single substrate, drastically enhancing the throughput in investigating composition dependence. We fabricated CPP-GMR devices on a single GMR film consisting of a CoxFe1-x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) composition-gradient layer, a Cu spacer layer, and a NiFe layer. The MR ratio obtained from resistance-field measurements exhibited the maximum in the broad Co concentration range of 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.65. In addition, the STT efficiency was estimated from the current to induce magnetization reversal of the NiFe layer by spin injection from the CoxFe1-x layer. The STT efficiency was also the highest around the same Co concentration range as for the MR ratio, and this correlation was theoretically explained by the change in the spin polarization of the CoxFe1-x layer. The results revealed the CoxFe1-x composition range suitable for spintronic applications, demonstrating the advantages of the developed method. We report high-throughput measurements of the composition dependence of magnetoresistance. Using a composition-gradient film allows the investigation of devices with different compositions on a single a composition-gradient film allows the investigation of devices with different compositions on a single.
PHYTOPLANKTON AND NUTRIENT DYNAMICS WITH A FOCUS ON NITROGEN FORM IN THE ANACOSTIA RIVER, IN WASHINGTON, D.C. AND WEST LAKE, IN HANGZHOU, CHINA
Creators: name: Jackson, Melanie Leigh
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biological oceanography
subject: anacostia
subject: nitrogen
subject: phytoplankton
subject: west lake

description: Nutrient loading has been linked with severe water quality impairment, ranging from hypoxia to increased frequency of harmful algal blooms (HABs), loss of fisheries, and changes in biodiversity. Waters around the globe are experiencing deleterious effects of eutrophication; however, the relative amount of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) reaching these waters is not changing proportionately, with high N loads increasingly enriched in chemically-reduced N forms. Research involving two urban freshwater and nutrient enriched systems, the Anacostia River, USA, a tributary of the Potomac River feeding into the Chesapeake Bay, and West Lake, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, was conducted to assess the response of phytoplankton communities to changing N-form and N/P-ratios. Field observations involving the characterization of ambient phytoplankton communities and N-forms, as well as experimental (nutrient enrichment) manipulations were used to understand shifts in phytoplankton community composition with increasing NH4+ loads.  In both locations, a >2-fold increase in ambient NH4+:NO3- ratios was followed by a shift in the phytoplankton community, with diatoms giving way to chlorophytes and cyanobacteria.  Enrichment experiments mirrored this, in that samples enriched with NH4+ lead to increased abundance of chlorophytes and cyanobacteria. This work shows that in both of these systems experiencing nutrient enrichment that NH4+ supports communities dominated by more chlorophytes and cyanobacteria than other phytoplankton groups.
title: Examining the Spatial and Temporal Properties of Unconstrained Motor Skill Learning
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2019

description: There are at least two types of motor learning: motor adaptation and motor skill learning. Motor adaptation is characterized by fast changes to simple, constrained movement, where the goal is to counter a perturbation and return to baseline performance. Motor skill learning is defined by slow changes to complex, unconstrained movement where the goal is to improve beyond baseline performance (Krakauer et al. 2012, 2014). Previous work has established several spatial and temporal properties of motor adaptation including spatial and temporal generalization. Spatial generalization describes the transfer of motor learning from a trained to untrained spatial configurations. Similarly, temporal generalization describes the transfer of motor learning from a trained to untrained movement speeds. This dissertation aims to determine whether these known spatial and temporal properties of motor adaptation, also apply to motor skill learning. Dancers are an ideal population of motor skill experts to study because dance technique requires dancers to move consistently through space and in time with music or a metronome. This dissertation is designed to answer three research questions: 1) Do dancers spatially navigate better than non-dancers with and without vision? 2) Can dancers transfer motor skills from trained to novel spatial contexts? 3) Can dancers transfer motor skills from trained to novel speeds? We utilized motion capture technology to continuously measure dancers and non-dancers' movement throughout their performance on each task. Our results suggest that spatial navigation for both dancers and non-dancers deteriorates when vision is restricted, but dancers outperform non-dancers when navigating complex configurations both with and without vision. In addition, our results imply that dancers are able to transfer motor skills from trained to untrained spatial contexts and speeds. Taken together, the results of this dissertation demonstrate that some of the known spatial and temporal properties of motor adaptation also apply to motor skill learning.
Inverse Spectral Methods in Acoustic Normal Mode Velocimetry of High Reynolds Number Spherical Couette Flows
Creators: name: Mautino, Anthony Robert
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Acoustics
subject: Geology

description: Experimental geophysical fluid dynamics often examines regimes of fluid flow infeasible for computer simulations. Velocimetry of zonal flows present in these regimes brings many challenges when the fluid is opaque and vigorously rotating; spherical Couette flows with molten metals are one such example. The fine structure of the acoustic spectrum can be related to the fluid’s velocity field, and inverse spectral methods can be used to predict and, with sufficient acoustic data, mathematically reconstruct the velocity field. The methods are to some extent inherited from helioseismology. This work develops a Finite Element Method suitable to matching the geometries of experimental setups, as well as modelling the acoustics based on that geometry and zonal flows therein. As an application, this work uses the 60-cm setup Dynamo 3.5 at the University of Maryland Nonlinear Dynamics Laboratory. Additionally, results obtained using a small acoustic data set from recent experiments in air are provided.
Two descriptors avoiding explicit bond consideration on relative surface energies of various terminations in a crystal
Creators: name: Hinuma, Yoyo
name: Yasumura, Shunsaku
name: Toyao, Takashi
name: Kamachi, Takashi
name: Shimizu, Ken-Ichi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Computational Biology

description: A bulk crystal can be cleaved with various terminations, and finding stable terminations, which may have high Miller indices, is a non-trivial task. We propose two independent and complementary descriptors, based on the atom positions of the crystal only, for surface energies of various terminations in a crystal. One is the ‘atom proximity function of a plane’, p, where the Gaussian of the distance from a plane is summed up for atoms near the surface and then normalized. The other is the ‘surface roughness index’, v, which is based on the density of surface atoms and the bonding environment, namely the solid angle of ‘open space’ around an atom. These descriptors contain parameters, but using predetermined suggested values make these descriptors effectively parameter-free. The validity of the descriptors is demonstrated on sc, fcc, and bcc crystals and oxides Li2O, Na2O, K2O, MgO, CaO, β-Ga2O3, θ-Al2O3, rutile structure TiO2, SnO2, and GeO2, anatase structure TiO2, β-Ga2O3, θ-Al2O3, and monoclinic ZrO2. Very stable terminations typically have both small p and large v compared to others. Surface energy descriptors based on the bulk structure only and without explicit consideration of ‘bond lengths’ can significantly accelerate identification of reasonable surface models without actual surface model calculations.
RACISM IN DIGITAL ERA: DEVELOPMENT AND INITIAL VALIDATION OF THE PERCEIVED ONLINE RACISM SCALE (PORS V1.0)
Creators: name: Keum, Tae Hyuk
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Counseling psychology

description: Racism continues to thrive on the Internet. Yet, little is known about racism in online

settings and the potential consequences. The purpose of this study was to develop the

Perceived Online Racism Scale (PORS), the first measure to assess people’s

perceived online racism experiences as they interact with others and consume

information on the Internet. Items were developed through a multi-stage process

based on literature review, focus-groups, and qualitative data collection. Based on a

racially diverse large-scale sample (N = 1023), exploratory and confirmatory factor

analyses provided support for a 30-item bifactor model with the following three

factors: (a) 14-item PORS-IP (personal experiences of racism in online interactions),

(b) 5-item PORS-V (observations of other racial/ethnic minorities being offended),

and (c) 11-item PORS-I (consumption of online contents and information denigrating

racial/ethnic minorities and highlighting racial injustice in society). Initial construct

validity examinations suggest that PORS is significantly linked to psychological

distress.
INFLUENCE OF A NATIVE INSECTARY PLANT, CHAMAECRISTA FASCICULATA (MICHX.) ON ORGANIC FIELD CORN AND ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES
Creators: name: Hunt, Lauren
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agriculture
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Increasing plant diversity in conventionally monoculture agrosystems has been promoted as a method to enhance beneficial arthropod density and efficacy, suppress herbivory and provide a range of ecosystem services. I investigated the pest suppressive potential and economic impact of plant diversification in organic field corn. The experiment consisted of two treatments, corn grown in monoculture (C) and bordered by strips of partridge pea (PP). Pest and natural enemy populations, corn damage, yield, and profits were compared among treatments. Natural enemy and herbivore arthropod populations were affected by treatment and distance from plot border. Corn damage due to pests was also affected by treatment and location, but did not significantly affect yield. Yield in monoculture plots was generally greater than in PP but did not result in greater profit. Pest and natural enemy arthropod abundances were elevated in partridge pea treatment borders, but these populations did not consistently diffuse into plot interiors. The potential causes and implications of findings are discussed.
Phase transitions in gene networks evolved under different selection rules
Creators: name: Pushkar, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Applied mathematics

description: Mathematical models of gene regulation are a powerful tool for understanding the complex features of genetic control.

While various modeling efforts have been successful at explaining gene expression dynamics, much less is known about how evolution shapes the structure of these networks.

An important feature of gene regulatory networks is their stability in response to environmental perturbations. Regulatory systems are thought to have evolved to exist near the transition between stability and instability, in order to have the required stability to environmental fluctuations while also being able to achieve a wide variety of functions (corresponding to different dynamical patterns).

We study a simplified model of gene network evolution in which links are added via different selection rules.

These growth models are inspired by recent work on `explosive' percolation which shows that when network links are added through competitive rather than random processes, the connectivity phase transition can be significantly delayed, and when it is reached, it appears to be first order (discontinuous, e.g., going from no failure at all to large expected failure) instead of second order (continuous, e.g., going from no failure at all to very small expected failure).

We find that by modifying the traditional framework for networks grown via competitive link addition to capture how gene networks evolve to avoid damage propagation, we also see significant delays in the transition that depend on the selection rules, but the transitions always appear continuous rather than `explosive'.
title:  Marketing Methods and Analysis
title: R Examples used during Market Research Lectures
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Lichters, Marcel
Publisher: name: Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00ggpsq73
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: When learning about market research, one should practice analyzing data with R and RStudio. This collection of examples provides ample opportunity to apply R to solve marketing research problems related to statistical methods such as crosstabs, analysis of variance, power analysis, linear regression principal component/factor analysis, and cluster analysis. Another goal is to familiarize the reader with the functions provided by recent R package used in applied market research.
title: INVESTIGATION OF THE THYROID PROTEOME AS A MOLECULAR ARCHIVE OF THYROID DISEASE
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2019

description: Very little is known about the molecular composition and function of thyroid colloid beyond its role as a thyroglobulin, iodine, and thyroid hormone storage depot. Colloid morphologic heterogeneity is observed in all major thyroid disorders with reduced colloid volume being a hallmark of thyroid cancer. Elucidating colloid protein content and its interactions with epithelial cells in thyroid follicles may provide new insights into tumor progression along with potentially actionable information on new therapeutic modalities to test in thyroid cancer patients. Multiplatform proteomic analyses of laser capture microdissected (LCM) follicular cells and colloid indicate that intracellular colloid is a heterogeneous proteinaceous fluid with the potential of regulating more than thyroid hormone synthesis. Presence of extracellular vesicles and protein expression of autophagy markers in tumor-associated thyroid cells suggests that cellular components are being degraded/recycled for energy while depleting essential proteins from the colloid, thus creating constant cell stress contributing to tumor proliferation. Establishing signatures of post-translational modifications within the colloid and epithelial cells could potentially be useful in effectively categorizing patients for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. Furthermore, the colloid characteristics may aid in early identification of patients showing key modifications indicative of tumor progression.
DR Congo's National Energy Compacts (M300) plan for 2030
Creators: name: KIBUNGU, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: M300, National Energy Compacts, DRC, OnSSET, Least cost Electrification

description: This presentation is the outcome of a three-week training on OnSSET Track at the Energy Modelling Platform for Africa 2025, organized and provided by United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Climate Compatible Growth, Sustainable Energy for All, International Renewable Energy Association, World Bank Group/ESMAP, Politecnico di Milano and World Resources Institute
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL STUDIES OF CYCLIC K48-LINKED DIUBIQUITIN
Creators: name: Sundar, Adithya
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: cyclic K48-linked di-ubiquitin
subject: dynamics
subject: protein NMR
subject: structure
subject: ubiquitin

description: K48-linked di-ubiquitin exists in a dynamic equilibrium between open and closed states. The structure of K48-Ub2 in the closed conformation features a hydrophobic interface formed between the two Ub domains. The same hydrophobic residues at the interface are involved in binding to ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domains. Cyclization of K48-Ub2 should limit the range of conformations available for such interactions. Interestingly, cyclic K48-linked Ub2 (cycUb2) has been found in vivo and can be isolated in vitro to study its structure and dynamics.

In this study, a crystal structure of cycUb2 was obtained, and the dynamics of cycUb2 were characterized by solution NMR. The crystal structure of cycUb2, which is in agreement with solution NMR data, is closed with the hydrophobic patches of each Ub domain buried at the interface. Despite its structural constraints, cycUb2 was still able to interact with UBA domains, albeit with lower affinity.