cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Localization landscape theory of disorder in semiconductors I: Theory and modeling
Creators: name: Filoche, Marcel
name: Piccardo, Marco
name: Wu, Yuh-Renn
name: Li, Chi-Kang
name: Weisbuch, Claude
name: Mayboroda, Svitlana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here a model of carrier distribution and transport in semiconductor alloys accounting for quantum localization effects in disordered materials. This model is based on the recent development of a mathematical theory of quantum localization which introduces for each type of carrier a spatial function called \emph{localization landscape}. These landscapes allow us to predict the localization regions of electron and hole quantum states, their corresponding energies, and the local densities of states. We show how the various outputs of these landscapes can be directly implemented into a drift-diffusion model of carrier transport and into the calculation of absorption/emission transitions. This creates a new computational model which accounts for disorder localization effects while also capturing two major effects of quantum mechanics, namely the reduction of barrier height (tunneling effect), and the raising of energy ground states (quantum confinement effect), without having to solve the Schrödinger equation. Finally, this model is applied to several one-dimensional structures such as single quantum wells, ordered and disordered superlattices, or multi-quantum wells, where comparisons with exact Schrödinger calculations demonstrate the excellent accuracy of the approximation provided by the landscape theory.
description: 17 pages, 18 figures, 3 tables
Unusual Response of Human Tissue under the Low Impact Force
Creators: name: Stojiljkovic G
name: Papić Z
name: Bogdanović V
name: Simeunović M
name: Saulić N
name: Miljen M
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 170104 Forensic Psychology
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences

description: Pedestrian injuries such as traumatic amputations, transections and decapitations are rare in traffic accidents, but are directly connected to high vehicle impact speeds. This paper analyses a unique case of a traumatic limb amputation and a lateral decapitation from a pedestrian car collision. The driver left the scene of the accident, but at the place of impact the car’s registration plate was found. After identifying the driver and performing a vehicle inspection, it was determined that the damage on the car does not show that the impact speed was extremely high. The same conclusion was reached by the vehicle speed determination, according to accident investigation basic principles.
Two-Photon-Exchange effects in $ep\rightarrow enπ^+$ and their corrections to separated cross sections $σ_{\textrm{L,T,LT,TT}}$ at small $-t$
Creators: name: Cao, Hui-Yun
name: Zhou, Hai-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, the two-photon-exchange (TPE) effects in $ep\rightarrow enπ^+$ at small $-t$ are discussed within a hadronic model. Under the pion dominance approximation the TPE contribution to the amplitude can be described by a scalar function in the limit $m_e\rightarrow 0$. The TPE contributions to the amplitude and the unpolarized differential cross section are both estimated when only the elastic intermediate state is considered. We find that the TPE corrections to the unpolarized differential cross section are about from $-4\%$ to $-20\%$ at $Q^2=1$--$ 1.6$ GeV$^2$. After considering the TPE corrections to the experimental data sets of unpolarized differential cross section, we analyze the TPE corrections to the separated cross sections $σ_{\textrm{L,T,LT,TT}}$. We find that the TPE corrections (at $Q^2=1$--$1.6$ GeV$^2$) to $σ_{\textrm{L}}$ are about from $-10\%$ to $-30\%$, to $σ_{\textrm{T}}$ are about $20\%$, and to $σ_{\textrm{LT,TT}}$ are much larger. By these analysis, we conclude that the TPE contributions in $ep\rightarrow enπ^+$ at small $-t$ are important to extract the separated cross sections $σ_{\textrm{L,T,LT,TT}}$ and the electromagnetic magnetic form factor of $π^+$ in the experimental analysis.
description: 6 figures
Fission in a microscopic framework: from basic science to support for applications
Creators: name: Stetcu, I.
name: Bulgac, A.
name: Jin, S.
name: Roche, K. J.
name: Schunck, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent developments, both in theoretical modeling and computational power, have allowed us to make progress on a goal not fully achieved yet in nuclear theory: a microscopic theory of nuclear fission. Even if the complete microscopic description remains a computationally demanding task, the information that can be provided by current calculations can be extremely useful to guide and constrain more phenomenological approaches, which are simpler to implement. First, a microscopic model that describes the real-time dynamics of the fissioning system can justify or rule out some of the approximations. Second, the microscopic approach can be used to obtain trends, e.g., with increasing excitation energy of the fissioning system, or even to compute observables that cannot be otherwise calculated in phenomenological approaches or that can be hindered by the limitations of the method. We briefly present in this contribution the time-dependent superfluid local density approximation (TDSLDA) approach to nuclear fission, approach that has become a very successful theoretical model in many areas of many-body research. The TDSLDA incorporates the effects of the continuum, the dynamics of the pairing field, and the numerical solution is implemented with controlled approximations and negligible numerical corrections. The main part of the current contribution will be dedicated to discussing the method, and recent results concerning the fission dynamics. In addition, we present results on the excitation energy sharing between the fragments, which are in agreement with a qualitative conclusions extracted from a limited number of experimental measurements of properties of prompt neutrons.
description: Prepared for the proceedings of the Scientific Workshop on Nuclear Fission Dynamics and the Emission of Prompt Neutrons and Gamma Rays (Theory-5)
Edge connectivity and the spectral gap of combinatorial and quantum graphs
Creators: name: Berkolaiko, Gregory
name: Kennedy, James B.
name: Kurasov, Pavel
name: Mugnolo, Delio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C50, 34B45, 34L25, 35P15

description: We derive a number of upper and lower bounds for the first nontrivial eigenvalue of a finite quantum graph in terms of the edge connectivity of the graph, i.e., the minimal number of edges which need to be removed to make the graph disconnected. On combinatorial graphs, one of the bounds is the well-known inequality of Fiedler, of which we give a new variational proof. On quantum graphs, the corresponding bound generalizes a recent result of Band and Lévy. All proofs are general enough to yield corresponding estimates for the $p$-Laplacian and allow us to identify the minimizers. Based on the Betti number of the graph, we also derive upper and lower bounds on all eigenvalues which are "asymptotically correct", i.e. agree with the Weyl asymptotics for the eigenvalues of the quantum graph. In particular, the lower bounds improve the bounds of Friedlander on any given graph for all but finitely many eigenvalues, while the upper bounds improve recent results of Ariturk. Our estimates are also used to derive bounds on the eigenvalues of the normalized Laplacian matrix that improve known bounds of spectral graph theory.
The cohomology of left-invariant elliptic involutive structures on compact Lie groups
Creators: name: Jahnke, Max Reinhold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Inspired by the work of Chevalley and Eilenberg on the de Rham cohomology on compact Lie groups, we prove that, under certain algebraic and topological conditions, the cohomology associated to left-invariant elliptic, and even hypocomplex, involutive structures on compact Lie groups can be computed by using only Lie algebras, thus reducing the analytical problem to a purely algebraic one. The main tool is the Leray spectral sequence that connects the result obtained Chevalley and Eilenberg to a result by Bott on the Dolbeault cohomology of a homogeneous manifold.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1901.00333
Optochemically Responsive 2D Nanosheets of a 3D Metal-Organic Framework Material
Creators: name: Chaudhari, Abhijeet K.
name: Kim, Ha Jin
name: Han, Intaek
name: Tan, Jin-Chong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Outstanding functional tunability underpinning metal-organic framework (MOF) confers a versatile platform to contrive next-generation chemical sensors, optoelectronics, energy harvesters and converters. We report a rare exemplar of a porous 2D nanosheet material, constructed from an extended 3D MOF structure. We develop a rapid supramolecular self-assembly methodology at ambient conditions, to synthesize readily-exfoliatable MOF nanosheets, functionalized in situ by adopting the Guest@MOF (Host) strategy. Nanoscale confinement of light-emitting molecules (as functional guest) inside the MOF pores generates unusual combination of optical, electronic, and chemical properties, arising from the strong host-guest coupling effects. We show highly promising photonics based chemical sensing opened up by the new Guest@MOF composite systems. By harnessing host-guest optochemical interactions of functionalized MOF nanosheets, we have accomplished detection of an extensive range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and small molecules important for many practical applications.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures, 1 scheme
Multi year aerosol characterization in the tropical Andes and in adjacent Amazonia using AERONET measurements
Creators: name: Pérez-Ramírez, Daniel
name: Andrade-Flores, Marcos
name: Eck, Thomas
name: Stein, Ariel F.
name: O'Neill, Norman T.
name: Lyamani, Hassan
name: Gassó, Santiago
name: Whiteman, David N.
name: Veselovskii, Igor
name: Velarde, Fernando
name: Alados-Arboledas, L.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2017

description: This work focuses on the analysis of columnar aerosol properties in the complex geophysical tropical region of South America within 10–20° South and 50–70° West. The region is quite varied and encompasses a significant part of Amazonia (lowlands) as well as high mountains in the Andes (highlands,∼4000 m a.s.l.). Several AERONET stations were included to study the aerosol optical characteristics of the lowlands (Rio Branco, Ji Parana and Cuiaba in Brazil and Santa Cruz in Bolivia) and the highlands (La Paz, Bolivia) during the 2000–2014 period. Biomass-burning is by far the most important source of aerosol in the lowlands, particularly during the dry season (August–October). Multi-annual variability was investigated and showed very strong burning activity in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2010. This resulted in smoke characterized by correspondingly strong, above-average AODs (aerosol optical depths) and homogeneous single scattering albedo (SSA) across all the stations (∼0.93). For other years, however, SSA differences arise between the northern stations (Rio Branco and Ji Parana) with SSAs of ∼0.95 and the southern stations (Cuiaba and Santa Cruz) with lower SSAs of ∼0.85. Such differences are explained by the different types of vegetation burned in the two different regions. In the highlands, however, the transport of biomass burning smoke is found to be sporadic in nature. This sporadicity results in highly variable indicators of aerosol load and type (Angstrom exponent and fine mode fraction) with moderately significant increases in both. Regional dust and local pollution are the background aerosol in this highland region, whose elevation places it close to the free troposphere. Transported smoke particles were generally found to be more optical absorbing than in the lowlands: the hypothesis to explain this is the significantly higher amount of water vapor in Amazonia relative to the high mountain areas. The air-mass transport to La Paz was investigated using the HYSPLIT air-concentration five-days back trajectories. Two different patterns were clearly differentiated: westerly winds from the Pacific that clean the atmosphere and easterly winds favoring the transport of particles from Amazonia.
Toward an Effective Field Theory Approach to Reheating
Creators: name: Ozsoy, Ogan
name: Giblin, John T.
name: Nesbit, Eva
name: Sengor, Gizem
name: Watson, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate whether Effective Field Theory (EFT) approaches, which have been useful in examining inflation and dark energy, can also be used to establish a systematic approach to inflationary reheating. We consider two methods. First, we extend Weinberg's background EFT to the end of inflation and reheating. We establish when parametric resonance and decay of the inflaton occurs, but also find intrinsic theoretical limitations, which make it difficult to capture some reheating models. This motivates us to next consider Cheung, et. al.'s EFT approach, which instead focuses on perturbations and the symmetry breaking induced by the cosmological background. Adapting the latter approach to reheating implies some new and important differences compared to the EFT of Inflation. In particular, there are new hierarchical scales, and we must account for inflaton oscillations during reheating, which lead to discrete symmetry breaking. Guided by the fundamental symmetries, we construct the EFT of reheating, and as an example of its usefulness we establish a new class of reheating models and the corresponding predictions for gravity wave observations. In this paper we primarily focus on the first stages of preheating. We conclude by discussing challenges for the approach and future directions. This paper builds on ideas first proposed in the note arXiv:1507.06651.
description: 50 pages, 4 figures. References added
The Federal Open Science Repository of Canada: A Key Destination on Canada's Roadmap to Open Science
Creators: name: West, Kathryn
name: Kelley, Allison
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: OR2024

description: Until now, many Government of Canada scientists and researchers have not had the infrastructure to make their scientific publications openly available. This gap has been addressed by the Federal Open Science Repository of Canada (FOSRC), a shared repository that launched January 2024 to make federally funded scientific outputs accessible to all. The FOSRC, which will help meet key recommendations of Canada's Roadmap for Open Science, is a horizontal initiative among federal departments. Collaborators include the Office of Chief Science Advisor of Canada, Shared Service Canada, the Federal Science Libraries Network/National Research Council Canada, and eight science-based departments and agencies.The primary goal of this repository is to deliver a practical solution for a policy-driven recommendation to provide transparency and open access to Canadian research. The approach to this large-scale project was to establish a collaboration model for governance, operations, and technical development. Within this model, a business owner was established to work through governance committees for decision-making; oversee financial and operations management; liaise on product development; and ensure success for the strategic vision. Undertaking a shared repository project with varied interests is challenging and rewarding, requiring clear strategic direction, financial support, flexibility, and close collaboration.
T-Shape Visibility Representations of 1-Planar Graphs
Creators: name: Brandenburg, Franz J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.2.2
subject: 68R10

description: A shape visibility representation displays a graph so that each vertex is represented by an orthogonal polygon of a particular shape and for each edge there is a horizontal or vertical line of sight between the polygons assigned to its endvertices. Special shapes are rectangles, L, T, E and H-shapes, and caterpillars. A flat rectangle is a horizontal bar of height $ε>0$. A graph is 1-planar if there is a drawing in the plane such that each edge is crossed at most once and is IC-planar if in addition no two crossing edges share a vertex. We show that every IC-planar graph has a flat rectangle visibility representation and that every 1-planar graph has a T-shape visibility representation. The representations use quadratic area and can be computed in linear time from a given embedding.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures
Transfer matrix method for four-flux radiative transfer
Creators: name: Slovick, Brian
name: Flom, Zachary
name: Zipp, Lucas
name: Krishnamurthy, Srini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a transfer matrix formalism for four-flux radiative transfer models, which is ideally suited for studying transport through multiple scattering layers. The model, derived for spherical particles within the diffusion approximation, predicts the specular and diffuse reflection and transmission of multilayer composite films for diffuse or collimated incidence. The model shows remarkable agreement with numerical Monte Carlo simulations for a range of absorption and film thicknesses, as well as for an example multilayer slab.
Evidence for structural transition in crystalline tantalum pentoxide films grown by RF magnetron sputtering
Creators: name: Perez, Israel
name: Carrejo, José Luis Enríquez
name: Sosa, Víctor
name: Perera, Fidel Gamboa
name: Mancillas, José Rurik Farias
name: Galindo, José Trinidad Elizalde
name: Rodríguez, Carlos Iván Rodríguez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of annealing temperature on the crystalline structure and physical properties of tantalum-pentoxide films grown by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. For this purpose, several tantalum films were deposited and the Ta$_2$O$_5$ crystalline phase was induced by exposing the samples to heat treatments in air in the temperature range from (575 to 1000)$^\circ$C. Coating characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and UV-VIS spectroscopy. By X-ray diffraction analysis we found that a hexagonal Ta$_2$O$_5$ phase generates at temperatures above $675^\circ$C. As the annealing temperature raises, we observe peak sharpening and new peaks in the corresponding diffraction patterns indicating a possible structural transition from hexagonal to orthorhombic. The microstructure of the films starts with flake-like structures formed on the surface and evolves, as the temperature is further increased, to round grains. We found out that, according to the features exhibited in the corresponding spectra, Raman spectroscopy can be sensitive enough to discriminate between the orthorhombic and hexagonal phases of Ta$_2$O$_5$. Finally, as the films crystallize the magnitude of the optical band gap increases from 2.4 eV to the typical reported value of 3.8 eV.
description: 9 pages, 8 Figures, 2 Tables
title: 01_2667
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Interplay between Quantum Well Width and Interface Roughness for Electron Transport Mobility in GaAs Quantum Wells
Creators: name: Kamburov, D.
name: Baldwin, K. W.
name: West, K. W.
name: Shayegan, M.
name: Pfeiffer, L. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report transport mobility measurements for clean, two-dimensional (2D) electron systems confined to GaAs quantum wells (QWs), grown via molecular beam epitaxy, in two families of structures, a standard, symmetrically-doped GaAs set of QWs with Al$_{0.32}$Ga$_{0.68}$As barriers, and one with additional AlAs cladding surrounding the QWs. Our results indicate that the mobility in narrow QWs with no cladding is consistent with existing theoretical calculations where interface roughness effects are softened by the penetration of the electron wave function into the adjacent low barriers. In contrast, data from AlAs-clad wells show a number of samples where the 2D electron mobility is severely limited by interface roughness. These measurements across three orders of magnitude in mobility provide a road map of reachable mobilities in the growth of GaAs structures of different electron densities, well widths, and barrier heights.
Tetragonal CH3NH3PbI3 Is Ferroelectric
Creators: name: Rakita, Yevgeny
name: Bar-Elli, Omri
name: Meirzadeh, Elena
name: Kaslasi, Hadar
name: Peleg, Yagel
name: Hodes, Gary
name: Lubo-mirsky, Igor
name: Oron, Dan
name: Ehre, David
name: Cahen, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Halide perovskite (HaP) semiconductors are revolutionizing photovoltaic (PV) solar energy conversion by showing remarkable performance of solar cells made with esp. tetragonal methylammonium lead tri-iodide (MAPbI3). In particular, the low voltage loss of these cells implies a remarkably low recombination rate of photogenerated carriers. It was suggested that low recombination can be due to spatial separation of electrons and holes, a possibility if MAPbI3 is a semiconducting ferroelectric, which, however, requires clear experimental evidence. As a first step we show that, in operando, MAPbI3 (unlike MAPbBr3) is pyroelectric, which implies it can be ferroelectric. The next step, proving it is (not) ferroelectric, is challenging, because of the material s relatively high electrical conductance (a consequence of an optical band gap suitable for PV conversion!) and low stability under high applied bias voltage. This excludes normal measurements of a ferroelectric hysteresis loop to prove ferroelctricity s hallmark for switchable polarization. By adopting an approach suitable for electrically leaky materials as MAPbI3, we show here ferroelectric hysteresis from well-characterized single crystals at low temperature (still within the tetragonal phase, which is the room temperature stable phase). Using chemical etching, we also image polar domains, the structural fingerprint for ferroelectricity, periodically stacked along the polar axis of the crystal, which, as predicted by theory, scale with the overall crystal size. We also succeeded in detecting clear second-harmonic generation, direct evidence for the material s non-centrosymmetry. We note that the material s ferroelectric nature, can, but not obviously need to be important in a PV cell, operating around room temperature.
description: Abstract (p:1), Main text [Includes 7 figures] (P:2-13), References (p:14-17), Supporting information (p:18-36)
СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ФАКТОРЫ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫХ ОЖИДАНИЙ СТУДЕНТОВ-ПСИХОЛОГОВ
Creators: name: Махамматова, Саида
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: В статье изучены психологические методы и средства, особенности формирования социально-психологических факторов профессиональных ожиданий студентов-психологов. В процессе учебной деятельности студентов исследованы научные подходы, эмпирические анализы, факторы и условия формирования социально-психологической подготовки к профессиональной деятельности, а также методы и средства повышения эффективности изучаемого процесса. Приведены эффективные рекомендации.
Making Terrestrial Planets: High Temperatures, FU Orionis Outbursts, Earth, and Planetary System Architectures
Creators: name: Hubbard, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current protoplanetary dust coagulation theory does not predict dry silicate planetesimals, in tension with the Earth. While remedies to this predicament have been proposed, they have generally failed numerical studies, or are in tension with the Earth's (low, volatility dependent) volatile and moderately volatile elemental abundances. Expanding on the work of Boley et al. (2014), we examine the implications of molten grain collisions and find that they may provide a solution to the dry silicate planetesimal problem. Further, the source of the heating, be it the hot inner disk or an FU Orionis scale accretion event, would dictate the location of the resulting planetesimals, potentially controlling subsequent planetary system architectures. We hypothesize that systems which did undergo FU Orionis scale accretion events host planetary systems similar to our own, while ones that did not instead host very close in, tightly packed planets such as seen by Kepler.
description: 6 pages, Accepted, ApJL
Supplemental Material, data from: "Plasma acylcarnitines and risk of type 2 diabetes in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk"
Creators: name: Guasch-Ferré, Marta
name: Ruíz-Canela, Miguel
name: li, jun
name: zheng, yan
name: Bulló, Mónica
name: D. Wang, Dong
name: Toledo, Estefania
name: Clish, Clary
name: Corella, Dolores
name: Estruch, Ramon
name: Ros, Emilio
name: Fíto, Montserrat
name: Aros, Fernando
name: Fiol, Miquel
name: Lapetra, José
name: Serra-Majem, Lluís
name: Liang, Liming
name: Papandreou, Christopher
name: dennis, courtney
name: Ángel Martínez-González, Miguel
name: B. Hu, Frank
name: Salas-Salvadó, Jordi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: classificationCode: 321003
subject: Nutrigenomics and personalised nutrition
classificationCode: 420299
subject: Epidemiology not elsewhere classified

description: Supplemental Material, data from: "Plasma acylcarnitines and risk of type 2 diabetes in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk"
Symbolic Computation of Equivalence Transformations and Parameter Reduction for Nonlinear Physical Models
Creators: name: Cheviakov, Alexei F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An efficient systematic procedure is provided for symbolic computation of Lie groups of equivalence transformations and generalized equivalence transformations of systems of differential equations that contain arbitrary elements (arbitrary functions and/or arbitrary constant parameters), using the software package GeM for Maple. Application of equivalence transformations to the reduction of the number of arbitrary elements in a given system of equations is discussed, and several examples are considered. First computational example of a generalized equivalence transformation where the transformation of the dependent variable involves the arbitrary constitutive function is presented. As a detailed physical example, a three-parameter family of nonlinear wave equations describing finite anti-plane shear displacements of an incompressible hyperelasic fiber-reinforced medium is considered. Equivalence transformations are computed and employed to radically simplify the model for an arbitrary fiber direction, invertibly reducing the model to a simple form that corresponds to a special fiber direction, and involves no arbitrary elements. The presented computation algorithm is applicable to wide classes of systems of differential equations containing arbitrary elements.
description: In review for publication
Estimation of Stature in Upper Egypt Population from External Ear Morphometry
Creators: name: Abdelaleem SA
name: FA, Fouad Abdelbaky
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 170104 Forensic Psychology
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences

description: Estimation of stature is considered an important parameter in medico-legal and forensic examinations. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the possibility of estimating stature from external ear morphometry in a sample of Upper Egypt population. This study was carried out on 200 persons (120 males and 80 females). Besides stature, eight measurements were obtained from both ears of each participant using manual vernier caliper. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20. There was a strong significant positive correlation between all measurements and stature. A linear equation model for prediction of stature from given external ear dimension was generated. By simple linear regression analysis, the most accurate predictable variable of stature from both ears in males was ear length (R2 = 0.928 in right ear and R2 = 0.915 in left ear). While in females; right ear width (R2 = 0.855) and left conchal width (R2 = 0.771) are the most accurate variables that can predict stature. Finally, it is concluded that external ear morphometry can be used as an additional tool in the estimation of stature in Upper Egypt population.
Aspects of The First Law of Complexity
Creators: name: Bernamonti, Alice
name: Galli, Federico
name: Hernandez, Juan
name: Myers, Robert C.
name: Ruan, Shan-Ming
name: Simón, Joan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the first law of complexity proposed in arXiv:1903.04511, i.e., the variation of complexity when the target state is perturbed, in more detail. Based on Nielsen's geometric approach to quantum circuit complexity, we find the variation only depends on the end of the optimal circuit. We apply the first law to gain new insights into the quantum circuits and complexity models underlying holographic complexity. In particular, we examine the variation of the holographic complexity for both the complexity=action and complexity=volume conjectures in perturbing the AdS vacuum with coherent state excitations of a free scalar field. We also examine the variations of circuit complexity produced by the same excitations for the free scalar field theory in a fixed AdS background. In this case, our work extends the existing treatment of Gaussian coherent states to properly include the time dependence of the complexity variation. We comment on the similarities and differences of the holographic and QFT results.
description: 108 pages, 15 figures; v2: references added
Patient-reported outcomes validated in phase 3 clinical trials: a targeted literature review
Creators: name: Morga, Antonia
name: Dibenedetto, Silvia
name: Adiutori, Rocco
name: Su, Jun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Regulatory guidance advises validation of patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments prior to use in pivotal clinical studies, which may then be used to generate critical patient-centered evidence and support labelling claims. This targeted literature review aimed to determine if PRO instruments psychometrically validated in a phase 3 trial setting could support label claims from the same phase 3 study (i.e. PRO data were generated as an endpoint). A targeted search of published studies (1 January 2006−3 June 2021) using the MEDLINE database identified PRO instruments validated during phase 3 trials. The search included instrument terms (e.g. patient-reported outcome measures, questionnaire, survey) and validation terms (e.g. reproducibility, minimal important difference), without filtering for therapeutic indications. Results were limited to phase 3 clinical trials or validation studies. The PROLABELS database was used to identify PROs validated in phase 3 trials and accepted in labelling claims. Of 355 references identified, 68 studies with PRO psychometric validation in phase 3 studies were selected, covering 78 instruments. Of these, 20 were novel PRO instruments and 58 were existing instruments being validated for a new therapeutic indication/population. The psychometric properties most frequently validated were internal consistency reliability, known-group validity, responsiveness, minimal important difference, and concurrent validity. Five novel instruments obtained ten labelling claims for seven drugs/products. These results suggest that quantitative validation of novel PRO instruments, and existing PROs for new indications, can occur within the context of phase 3 trials, and these PROs can also support label claims.
Abell 315: reconciling cluster mass estimates from kinematics, X-ray, and lensing
Creators: name: Biviano, A.
name: Popesso, P.
name: Dietrich, J. P.
name: Zhang, Y. -Y.
name: Erfanianfar, G.
name: Romaniello, M.
name: Sartoris, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Determination of cluster masses is a fundamental tool for cosmology. Comparing mass estimates obtained by different probes allows to understand possible systematic uncertainties. The cluster Abell 315 is an interesting test case, since it has been claimed to be underluminous in X-ray for its mass (determined via kinematics and weak lensing). We have undertaken new spectroscopic observations with the aim of improving the cluster mass estimate, using the distribution of galaxies in projected phase space. We identified cluster members in our new spectroscopic sample. We estimated the cluster mass from the projected phase-space distribution of cluster members using the MAMPOSSt method. In doing this estimate we took into account the presence of substructures that we were able to identify. We identify several cluster substructures. The main two have an overlapping spatial distribution, suggesting a (past or ongoing) collision along the line-of-sight. After accounting for the presence of substructures, the mass estimate of Abell 315 from kinematics is reduced by a factor 4, down to M200=0.8 (-0.4,+0.6) x 10^14 Msun. We also find evidence that the cluster mass concentration is unusually low, c200=r200/r-2
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 12 pages, 11 figures
Petrophysically and geologically guided multi-physics inversion using a dynamic Gaussian mixture model
Creators: name: Astic, Thibaut
name: Heagy, Lindsey J.
name: Oldenburg, Douglas W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In a previous paper, we introduced a framework for carrying out petrophysically and geologically guided geophysical inversions. In that framework, petrophysical and geological information is modelled with a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). In the inversion, the GMM serves as a prior for the geophysical model. The formulation was confined to problems in which a single physical property model was sought, with a single geophysical dataset. In this paper, we extend that framework to jointly invert multiple geophysical datasets that depend on multiple physical properties. The petrophysical and geological information is used to couple geophysical surveys that, otherwise, rely on independent physics. This requires advancements in two areas. First, an extension from a univariate to a multivariate analysis of the petrophysical data, and their inclusion within the inverse problem, is necessary. Second, we address the practical issues of simultaneously inverting data from multiple surveys and finding a solution that acceptably reproduces each one, along with the petrophysical and geological information. To illustrate the efficacy of our approach and the advantages of carrying out multi-physics inversions, we invert synthetic gravity and magnetic data associated with a kimberlite deposit. The kimberlite pipe contains two distinct facies embedded in a host rock. Inverting the datasets individually leads to a binary geological model: background or kimberlite. A multi-physics inversion, with petrophysical information, differentiates between the two main kimberlite facies of the pipe. Through this example, we also highlight the capabilities of our framework to work with interpretive geologic assumptions when minimal quantitative information is available. In those cases, the dynamic updates of the Gaussian Mixture Model allow us to perform multi-physics inversions by learning a petrophysical model.
description: 47 pages in one column format; 14 figures; to be published in Geophysical Journal International
The Association between Tuberculosis and Osteoporosis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Creators: name: Kridh Charatcharoenwitthaya
name: Wongtrakul, Wasit
name: Kajorn Suntrapiwat
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: Tuberculosis (TB) is a persistent, contagious infection caused by the airborne transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Globally, around 2 billion people have latent TB infection, where the body's immune response attempts to contain the bacteria. However, in 5-10% of cases, the infection becomes active, often manifesting as pulmonary TB, due to insufficient control of bacterial growth. Standard treatment involves an initial two-month phase with anti-TB drugs followed by a four-month maintenance phase. Osteoporosis, the most prevalent metabolic bone disorder, is characterized by reduced bone density, strength, and structure, leading to fragility and a heightened risk of fractures. Factors like age, gender, low calcium and vitamin D levels, sedentary lifestyle, and chronic inflammation contribute to its development. Chronic infections, including TB, may exacerbate systemic inflammation, potentially increasing osteoporosis risk. This study aimed to comprehensively assess osteoporosis risk in TB patients through systematic review and meta-analysis methodology. Two researchers autonomously performed a thorough search of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases until April 2024. Inclusion criteria required observational studies examining risk of osteoporosis and/or osteoporotic fractures in patients with tuberculosis. Data synthesis involved combining point estimates and standard errors from eligible studies utilizing DerSimonian and Laird's generic inverse variance method.
Patient-reported outcomes validated in Phase 3 clinical trials: a targeted literature review
Creators: name: Morga, Antonia
name: Dibenedetto, Silvia
name: Adiutori, Rocco
name: Su, Jun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Regulatory guidance advises validation of patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments prior to use in pivotal clinical studies, which may then be used to generate critical patient-centered evidence and support labelling claims. This targeted literature review aimed to determine if PRO instruments psychometrically validated in a phase 3 trial setting could support label claims from the same phase 3 study (i.e., PRO data were generated as an endpoint). A targeted search of published studies (01 January 2006 – 03 June 2021) using the MEDLINE database identified PRO instruments validated during phase 3 trials. The search included instrument terms (e.g., patient-reported outcome measures, questionnaire, survey) and validation terms (e.g., reproducibility, minimal important difference), without filtering for therapeutic indications. Results were limited to phase 3 clinical trials or validation studies. The PROLABELS database was used to identify PROs validated in phase 3 trials and accepted in labelling claims. Of 355 references identified, 68 studies with PRO psychometric validation in phase 3 studies were selected, covering 78 instruments. Of these, 20 were novel PRO instruments and 58 were existing instruments being validated for a new therapeutic indication/population. The psychometric properties most frequently validated were internal consistency reliability, known-group validity, responsiveness, minimal important difference, and concurrent validity. Five novel instruments obtained ten labelling claims for seven drugs/products. These results suggest that quantitative validation of novel PRO instruments, and existing PROs for new indications, can occur within the context of phase 3 trials, and these PROs can also support label claims.
Calibration of Static Errors and Compensation of Dynamic Errors for Cable-driven Parallel 3D Printer
Creators: name: Qian, Sen
name: Jiang, Xiao
name: Qian, Pengfei
name: Zi, Bin
name: Zhu, Weidong
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2023

description: As rigid robots suffer from the higher inertia of their rigid links, cable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs) are more suitable for large-scale three-dimensional (3D) printing tasks due to their outstanding reconfigurability, high load-to-weight ratio, and extensive workspace. In this paper, a parallel 3D printing robot is proposed, comprising three pairs of driving cables to control the platform motion and three pairs of redundant cables to adjust the cable tension. To improve the motion accuracy of the moving platform, the static kinematic error model is established, and the error sensitivity coefficient is determined to reduce the dimensionality of the optimization function. Subsequently, the self-calibration positions are determined based on the maximum cable length error in the reachable workspace. A self-calibration method is proposed based on the genetic algorithm to solve the kinematic parameter deviations. Additionally, the dynamic errors are effectively reduced by compensating for the elastic deformation errors of the cable lengths. Furthermore, an experimental prototype is developed. The results of dynamic error compensation after the self-calibration indicate a 67.4% reduction in terms of the maximum error along the Z-axis direction. Finally, the developed prototype and proposed calibration and compensation methods are validated through the printing experiment.
Balanced Independent and Dominating Sets on Colored Interval Graphs
Creators: name: Bhore, Sujoy
name: Haunert, Jan-Henrik
name: Klute, Fabian
name: Li, Guangping
name: Nöllenburg, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.2.2; I.3.5

description: We study two new versions of independent and dominating set problems on vertex-colored interval graphs, namely $f$-Balanced Independent Set ($f$-BIS) and $f$-Balanced Dominating Set ($f$-BDS). Let $G=(V,E)$ be a vertex-colored interval graph with a color assignment function $γ\colon V \rightarrow \{1,\ldots,k\}$ that maps all vertices in $G$ onto $k$ colors. A subset of vertices $S\subseteq V$ is called $f$-balanced if $S$ contains $f$ vertices from each color class. In the $f$-BIS and $f$-BDS problems, the objective is to compute an independent set or a dominating set that is $f$-balanced. We show that both problems are NP-complete even on proper interval graphs. For the $f$-BIS problem, we design two FPT algorithms, one parameterized by $(f,k)$ for interval graphs and the other parameterized by the vertex cover number for general graphs. Moreover, for an optimization variant of BIS on interval graphs, we show that a simple greedy approach achieves an approximation ratio of $2$.
description: In Section 4.2 of an earlier version, we presented a local search approach and claimed it was a PTAS for the 1-MCIS problem. After its publication date, we noted that our claim was in contradiction with the APX-hardness result of the Job Interval Scheduling Problem and found a mistake in the proof of our Lemma 9. In this erratum, we removed Section 4.2 and added a correction note
Tuning quantum non-local effects in graphene plasmonics
Creators: name: Lundeberg, Mark
name: Gao, Yuanda
name: Asgari, Reza
name: Tan, Cheng
name: Van Duppen, Ben
name: Autore, Marta
name: Alonso-Gonzalez, Pablo
name: Woessner, Achim
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Hillenbrand, Rainer
name: Hone, James
name: Polini, Marco
name: Koppens, Frank H. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The response of an electron system to electromagnetic fields with sharp spatial variations is strongly dependent on quantum electronic properties, even in ambient conditions, but difficult to access experimentally. We use propagating graphene plasmons, together with an engineered dielectric-metallic environment, to probe the graphene electron liquid and unveil its detailed electronic response at short wavelengths.The near-field imaging experiments reveal a parameter-free match with the full theoretical quantum description of the massless Dirac electron gas, in which we identify three types of quantum effects as keys to understanding the experimental response of graphene to short-ranged terahertz electric fields. The first type is of single-particle nature and is related to shape deformations of the Fermi surface during a plasmon oscillations. The second and third types are a many-body effect controlled by the inertia and compressibility of the interacting electron liquid in graphene. We demonstrate how, in principle, our experimental approach can determine the full spatiotemporal response of an electron system.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures