Craugastor portilloensis Jameson &amp; Streicher &amp; Manuelli &amp; Head &amp; Smith 2022, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Jameson, Tom J. M.
name: Streicher, Jeffrey W.
name: Manuelli, Luigi
name: Head, Jason J.
name: Smith, Eric N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Craugastoridae
Craugastor
Craugastor portilloensis

description: <i>Craugastor <i>portilloensis</i> sp. nov.</i> <b>Holotype.</b> — UTA A-62393 (field ID: JAC 21431; Fig. 32), subadult female collected by E.N. Smith and colleagues in Portillo del Rayo, Distrito San Pedro Pochutla, Sierra Madre del Sur, Oaxaca, Mexico, 15.9794448N, 96.5166678W, 1550 m, 1 October 2001. <b>Paratypes (4).</b> —MZFC-HE-35580 and UTA A- 66095, juvenile males. MZFC-HE- 35581 subadult female, and UTA A- 66096 subadult male. All collected at the type locality between 1550 and 1585 mon 24 September 2001 by E.N. Smith and colleagues. <b>Diagnosis.</b> —A species of <i>Craugastor</i> distinguished by the following combination of characters: (1) small adult size (maximum SVL <i>¼</i> 11.4 mm); (2) reduced ossification of skeleton in adults relative to other members of the series, lacking ossification of any skeletal elements beyond Stage 2 (Table 3); (3) presence of posterolateral projection of frontoparietal; (4) absence of vomerine odontophores; (5) presence or absence of raised tubercles on eyelids; (6) supratympanic fold absent or poorly developed; (7) face flank darker than dorsum, faintly barred lips, snout–nostril– canthal–supratympanic stripe; (8) one or two postrictal tubercles; (9) gular region with pale spotting; (10) dorsal surface unicolored pale, diffuse interorbital bar, sometimes with two dark rump spots; (11) with or without a middorsal ridge; (12) dorsum smooth or with scattered fine tubercles; (13) body flank has dark supratympanic stripe extending toward lower mid-flank, smooth, very few small tubercles; (14) inguinal glands present and axillary glands absent in adults; (15) when leg adpressed to body, heel reaches between eye and slightly past snout; (16) outer tarsal ridge smooth or with 1–3 extremely small, flat, and round tubercles, no raised fringe; (17) finger and toe pads round, finger tips not expanded, toe tips slightly expanded; (18) similar sizes of inner and outer metatarsal tubercles. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Herpetological-Monographs on 04 May 2022 <b>Comparisons.</b> — <i>Craugastor portilloensis</i> can be differentiated from <i>C. candelariensis, C. mexicanus, C. montanus, C. omiltemanus,</i> and <i>C. saltator</i> by the presence of vomerine odontophores (absent in <i>C. portilloensis</i>). It can be differentiated from <i>C. bitonium, C. hobartsmithi,</i> and <i>C. pygameus</i> by the absence of a posterolateral projection of the frontoparietal (present in <i>C. portilloensis</i>). It can be further differentiated from <i>C. pygmaeus</i> by the absence of a canthal mask (present in <i>C. portilloensis</i>). It can be differentiated from <i>C. cueyatl</i> and <i>C. polaclavus</i> by metatarsal tubercles of unequal size (equal in <i>C. portilloensis</i>). It can be differentiated from <i>C. rubinus</i> by relative finger lengths of IV <i>¼</i> II (IV&gt; II in <i>C. portilloensis</i>). <b>Description of holotype.</b> — Holotype small female (SVL <i>¼</i> 11.4 mm); snout rounded and short (0.8 mm naris–snout; 6% SVL); short eye–nostril distance (1.1 mm; 9.8% SVL); tympanum 0.8 mm (6.8% SVL); no supratympanic fold; small shoulder tubercle; finger length formula III &lt;IV &lt;II &lt;I; single flat palmar tubercle; single flat prepollical tubercle; subarticular tubercles present on all fingers; supernumerary tubercles not present on hand; toe length formula IV &lt;III &lt;V &lt;II &lt;I; inner metatarsaltubercle and outer metatarsaltubercle equal size; subarticular tubercles present on all toes; supernumerary tubercles present on plantar surface; right leg removed for genetic analysis; small supracloacal fold; dark mask extending from snout through eye and past tympanum onto flanks (Fig. 32; coloration also in paratypes). Some bands present on arms and legs. <b>Variations in paratypes.</b> —Body sizes in SVL 8.7 mm (MZFC-HE-35580), 8.4 mm (UTA A-66095), 12.1 mm (MZFC-HE-35581), 12.6 mm (UTA A-66096); eye–nostril distance 10–11% SVL; tympanic ratios 7%. <b>Etymology.</b> —The name is an abbreviated allusion to the type locality near the town of Portillo del Rayo and the Latin suffix - <i>ensis</i> meaning place. <b>Distribution.</b> —Intermediate elevations in the foothills of the Sierra Madre del Sur in Oaxaca 1550–1585 m (Fig. 8). These habitats consist of mixed tropical dry and temperate sierra forests. <b>Phylogenetics.</b> —In the concatenated analysis, <i>Craugastor portilloensis</i> is the sister taxon to a clade of small-bodied species (<i>C. bitonium, C. candelariensis, C. cueyatl, C. hobartsmithi, C. polaclavus, C. pygmaeus,</i> and <i>C. rubinus</i>), but with low branch support (ML <i>¼</i> 53, BAYES <i>¼</i> 66; Fig. 3). It occupies the same phylogenetic placement in the mtDNA-only data set (Fig. 4), but in the nDNA-only data set is the sister taxon of a clade including (<i>C. bitonium, C. cueyatl, C. hobartsmithi, C. pygmaeus,</i> and <i>C. rubinus</i>) with moderate support in the Bayesian analysis (ML <i>¼</i> 43, BAYES <i>¼</i> 0.78; Fig. 5). In terms of genetic distances (Table 4), <i>C. portilloensis</i> was most similar to <i>C. montanus</i> (5.7%), followed by similarity to <i>C. polaclavus</i> (5.8%). <b>Remarks.</b> —The skull of <i>C. portilloensis</i> is similar to <i>C. mexicanus, C. omiltemanus,</i> and <i>C. saltator,</i> with a more anteriorly placed anterior suture of frontoparietal and prootic than in other species. We dissected all specimens of <i>C. portilloensis;</i> males possess pigmented testes and females unpigmented ovaries. This species likely co-occurs with <i>C. candelariensis, C. polaclavus,</i> and <i>C. pygmaeus</i> in southcentral Oaxaca (Figs. 6 and 8). It was collected in sympatry with <i>C. polaclavus</i> at the type locality of Portillo del Rayo, Oaxaca, Mexico (Fig. 8).
description: Published as part of <i>Jameson, Tom J. M., Streicher, Jeffrey W., Manuelli, Luigi, Head, Jason J. &amp; Smith, Eric N., 2022, Miniaturization in Direct-Developing Frogs from Mexico with the Description of Six New Species, pp. 1-48 in Herpetological Monographs 36 (1)</i> on pages 33-34, DOI: 10.1655/0733-1347-36.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6518587