Dissomphalus Ashmead 1893
Creators: name: Azevedo, C. O.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2003
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Dissomphalus

description: Key to males of Neotropical species of Dissomphalus
1 Tergal processes of metasomal tergite II close to each other, restricted to the median third of the tergal width........................................................... go to Azevedo (1999a)
­ Tergal processes of metasomal tergite II either absent or widely separated, placed at the lateral third of the tergite width (Fig. 3)............................................................... 2
2 Head about 1.3 X as long as wide; WF about 0.9 X HE; VOL about 0.7 X HE; pronotal disc nearly as long as the mesoscutum ... (dumosus species­group) ........... 3
­ WH at most about 1.0 X LH (Fig. 104); WF about 1.0–1.6 X HE; VOL about 0.5 X HE; pronotal disc 0.5–0.7 X length of mesoscutum .................................................. 4
3 Frons and dorsum of thorax densely punctuated; ventral ramus of aedeagus with apical filament; dorsal margin of paramere short ................. D. dumosus Azevedo, 2000
­ Frons and dorsum of thorax not so punctuated; ventral ramus of aedeagus with apical laminar expansion; dorsal margin of paramere much developed........................... .................................................................................. D. longicephalus Azevedo, 2000
4 Mandibles unusually long, at least about 0.75 X as long as the distance between their bases; head with vertex strongly angled laterally or unusually wide, WH about 1.2 X LH (Figs. 1, 7) ... (laticephalus species­group) ......................................................... 5
­ Mandibles unmodified not so long, overlapping slightly when closed; head with vertex not angulate or WH about 1.0 X LH (Figs. 110, 113).......................................... 8
5 Vertex with a lateral lobular projection; temple strongly carinate; pronotal disc projected forward, anterior margin sharply angled laterally (Fig. 1) ................................ ............................................................................................... D. lobicephalus sp. nov.
­ Vertex without lobular projection; temple weakly carinate; pronotal disc with anterior margin rounded (Figs. 7, 11, 16) ......................................................................... 6
6 Mandible widest apically, with 4 teeth (Fig. 12); base of dorsal margin of paramere sharp (Fig. 15); ventral ramus of aedeagus as long as dorsal body ............................. ................................................................................................ D. laticephalus sp. nov.
­ Mandible widest medially, with 2–3 teeth (Figs. 8, 17); base of dorsal margin of paramere rounded (Fig. 19); ventral ramus of aedeagus much shorter than dorsal body .......................................................................................................................... 7
7 Mandible with 2 teeth (Fig. 8); propodeal disc laterally with an anterior constriction, without posterior carina (Fig. 7) ............................................... D. contractus sp. nov.
­ Mandible with 3 teeth (Fig. 17); propodeal disc without anterior constriction, with posterior carina (Fig. 16) ...................................................... D. mandibulatus sp. nov.
8 Median lobe of clypeus with either a pair of horns or with median carina divided at least partially, forming a small concavity inside........................................................ 9
­ Median lobe of clypeus unmodified, median carina simple, without any horns ..... 12
9 Median lobe of clypeus with a pair of large horns projected forward, without median carina; mandible bidentate with a broad upper cutting edge D. mirabilis Evans, 1966
­ Median lobe of clypeus without any horns, median carina divided at least partially, forming a small concavity inside; mandible without cutting edge .......................... 10
10 Median lobe of clypeus with median carina only partially divided; mandible tetradentate; occipital carina lacking in ventral side; subgenal carina lacking in occipital area; notauli weak and reduced at anterior mesoscutum. D. cornutus Evans, 1964
­ Median carina of median lobe of clypeus totally divided; mandible tridentate; occipital and subgenal carinae complete; notauli complete and well­defined ................. 11
11 Paramere long, about 2 X as long as basiparamere, dorsal margin with basal corner angled; inner margin of ventral ramus of aedeagus straight, without any filament..... .......................................................................................... D. caviclypeus Evans, 1969
­ Paramere shorter, about as long as basiparamere, dorsal margin with basal corner rounded; ventral ramus of aedeagus with inner margin concave at apical half, with long median filament .................................................... D. xanthopus Ashmead, 1893
12 Tergal processes extremely minute, obsolescent or absent; dorsal body of aedeagus with two pairs of flagella (incomptus species­group) .............................................. 13
­ Tergal processes small to large, but always clearly present; dorsal body of aedeagus without flagella ........................................................................................................ 14
13 Aedeagus with apex of ventral ramus acute, flagella of dorsal body smooth; base of aedeagus with lateral projection not leaf­shaped ......................................................... ........................................................................... D. microtuberculatus Azevedo, 1999
­ Aedeagus with apex of ventral ramus rounded, flagella of dorsal body covered by minute teeth; base of aedeagus with lateral projection leaf­shaped............................. ............................................................................................ D. incomptus Evans, 1964
14 Median lobe of clypeus with long median tooth, without lateral projections or teeth. .................................................................................................................................. 15
­ Median lobe of clypeus trapezoidal, subtrapezoidal or tridentate, median tooth always paralleled by lateral projections or teeth...................................................... 16
15 Depression of tergal processes large and somewhat triangular (Figs. 136, 137); ventral ramus of aedeagus laminar, with an apical wing­like expansion .......................... ....................................................................................... D. rettenmeyeri Evans, 1964
­ Depression of tergal processes small and circular; ventral ramus of aedeagus tubular, with apical wide and rounded ......................................... D. bispinulatus Evans, 1969
16 Clypeus entirely broadly projecting anteriorly, median lobe ill­defined or weakly tridentate. ................................................................................................................... 17
­ Clypeus with median lobe well­defined, trapezoidal or subtrapezoidal .................. 25
17 Tuft of tergal process with distinct long lateral seta (Fig. 20) ... (gilvipes species­group) .................................................................................................................................. 18
­ Tuft of tergal process without such seta................................................................... 21
18 Ventral ramus of aedeagus abruptly narrowed apically (Fig. 26) D. bicerutus sp. nov.
­ Ventral ramus of aedeagus narrowing gradually to apex (Figs. 21, 24)................... 19
19 Notauli complete; apex of dorsal body narrowed in lateral view ................................ ................................................................................................ D. gilvipes Evans, 1979
­ Notauli incomplete or absent; apex of dorsal body rounded in lateral view............ 20
20 Median carina of clypeus low in profile, hypopygium posterior margin straight, ventral ramus of aedeagus apex rounded ............................. D. krombeini Azevedo, 1999
­ Median carina of clypeus high in profile, hypopygium posterior margin concave (Fig. 23), ventral ramus of aedeagus apex acute (Fig. 24) .... D. alticlypeatus sp. nov.
21 Ventral ramus of aedeagus with three long and conspicuous apical horns (Fig. 141). ............................................................................................ D. politus Ashmead, 1894
­ Ventral ramus of aedeagus without horns ................................................................ 22
22 Paramere wide, apical margin emarginate (Fig. 117, 118); basivolsella with long filament (Fig. 116); ventral ramus of aedeagus apex with a strong constriction below (Figs. 116) ........................................................................... D. clypeatus Evans, 1954
­ Paramere not so wide, apex rounded; basivolsella without filament; ventral ramus of aedeagus apex not constricted below ....................................................................... 23
23 Pronotal disc posteriorly margined by delicate carina, ventral ramus of aedeagus higher than cuspis and as long as dorsal body (Fig. 107) ... D. archboldi Evans, 1969
­ Pronotal disc without posterior carina, ventral ramus of aedeagus shorter than cuspis and dorsal body (Fig. 124, 127) ............................................................................... 24
24 Depressions of tergal processes rounded (Fig. 126), outer margin of outer lobe of aedeagus straight ............................................................. D. confusus Ashmead, 1894
­ Depressions of tergal processes elliptical (Fig. 122); outer margin of outer lobe of aedeagus convex (Fig. 125) ................................................... D. collaris Evans, 1962
25 Tergal processes with a pair inclined and linear depression ...(rufipalpis species­group) .................................................................................................................................. 26
­ Tergal processes never linear, usually circular......................................................... 28
26 Cuban ................................................................................... D. ellipticus Evans, 1969
­ Continental Central and South America .................................................................. 27
27 Ventral ramus of aedeagus much shorter than dorsal body, apical half evenly arched, apex sharp .............................................................................. D. infissus Evans, 1969
­ Ventral ramus of aedeagus as long as dorsal body, apical half sinuous, apex thin but rounded. ........................................................................... D. rufipalpis Kieffer, 1910
28 Metasomal tergite II with a pair of lateral drop­shaped pits, with elevated rim, sharp anteriorly and rounded posteriorly (Fig. 88) (guttus species­group) ....................... 29
­ Tergal processes not as above .................................................................................. 30
29 Depressions of tergal processes with four distinct lateral setae, paramere with dorsal margin straight (Fig. 92); aedeagus with outer lobe of dorsal body with three apical teeth directed downward (Fig. 93), ventral ramus apically thin and directed inward (Fig. 91)........................................................................................... D. guttus sp. nov.
­ Depressions of tergal processes without distinct lateral setae, paramere with dorsal margin concave (Fig. 90); aedeagus with outer lobe of dorsal body without apical teeth (Fig. 90), ventral ramus apically straight (Fig. 89) ............ D. latimerus sp. nov.
30 Tergal processes with a pair of elliptical pits, with their inner part of covered by a translucent sclerite, pit hemispheric (Figs. 67, 68) ... (hemisphaericus species­group) .................................................................................................................................. 31
­ Tergal processes not as above .................................................................................. 35
31 Ventral ramus of aedeagus apically with triangular expansion directed down and outward (Figs. 63, 69).............................................................................................. 32
­ Ventral ramus of aedeagus apically without such expansion (Figs. 74, 77) ............ 33
32 Ventral ramus of aedeagus with triangular expansion stout, inner margin concave below the apex (Fig. 63), inner surface of outer lobe of dorsal body with anterior apical tooth directed downward (Fig. 66) ................................... D. vampirus sp. nov.
­ Ventral ramus of aedeagus with triangular expansion laminar, inner margin little concave below the apex (Fig. 69), inner surface of outer lobe of dorsal body without such tooth .. ...................................................................... D. hemisphaericus sp. nov.
33 Apex of ventral ramus with four sharpened teeth (Fig. 74), outer lobe of dorsal body bulging with a constriction below (Figs. 75, 76) ........................... D. ferocus sp. nov.
­ Apex of ventral ramus without teeth, outer lobe of dorsal body not bulging (Figs. 78, 87) ............................................................................................................................ 34
34 Aedeagus not stout, apex curved inward, outer pair of dorsal body with surface waved (Fig. 78) and ventral margin strongly fringed (Fig. 79), ventral ramus narrow (Fig. 77)........................................................................................ D. undatus sp. nov.
­ Aedeagus very stout medially (Fig. 87), outer pair of dorsal body not as above, ventral ramus wide, apical half distinctly narrower (Fig. 86) ............... D. gordus sp. nov.
35 Tergal processes with tubercles at least slightly directed each other (Figs. 29, 94) 36
­ Tergal processes with tubercles, when present, not directed each other (Fig. 33)... 39
36 Tergal processes with pair of conspicuous depressions, tubercles large, occupying nearly all the depression (Figs. 94, 95) ... (strabus species­group) ......................... 37
­ Tergal processes with pair of depressions absent or shallow, tubercles smaller than above (Fig. 29) (tuberculatus species­group) .......................................................... 38
37 Aedeagus with ventral ramus very wide, with apex strongly concave (Fig. 101), apex of outer lobe of dorsal body sharpened and arched downward (Fig. 103).......... ........................................................................................................ D. strabus sp. nov.
­ Aedeagus with ventral ramus narrow, with apex rounded (Fig. 96), ventral margin outer lobe of dorsal body with a series of conspicuous teeth (Fig. 98)........................ ...................................................................................................... D. thysanus sp. nov.
38 Mandible with four teeth, paramere wholly very wide ..... D. plaumanni Evans, 1964
­ Mandible with two teeth, paramere distinctly narrow apically (Fig. 32)..................... ................................................................................... D. tuberculatus Ashmead, 1894
39 Tergal processes with ovoid depression inclined, deep and large, about 0.5 as long as the tergite, rim usually hairy (Fig. 105) (bicavatus species­group) ......................... 40
­ Tergal processes with depression much smaller than above, not large, rim not hairy. .................................................................................................................................. 41
40 Mandibles tridentate ............................................................... D. falcatus Evans, 1962
­ Mandibles bidentate .................................................................. go to Azevedo (2001)
41 Tergal processes with a pair conspicuous tubercles with high rim and tuft of dense hairs (Figs. 33, 37) ... (conicus species­group) ........................................................ 42
­ Tergal processes with a pair of small tubercles or even absent, never as the main modification of the processes................................................................................... 50
42 Ventral ramus of aedeagus with apical half translucent and thin, apex with two hornshaped expansions, apex constricted below, inner margin with a serrate expansion (Fig. 34) ....................................................................................... D. cervoides sp. nov.
­ Ventral ramus of aedeagus without such expansions (Figs. 38, 41) ........................ 43
43 Ventral ramus of aedeagus strongly angled outward medially, overlapping to each other apically, ramus thin with apex wider and rounded in lateral view (Fig. 44) ....... D. manus sp. nov.
­ Ventral ramus of aedeagus straight or not strongly angled outward medially, not overlapping to each other apically (Figs. 50, 53)..................................................... 44
44 Paramere apex without inner pegs (Fig. 41), ventral ramus of aedeagus with apical half not distinctly narrowed (Fig. 38) ...................................................................... 45
­ Paramere apex with inner pegs (Figs. 48, 57), ventral ramus of aedeagus with apical half distinctly narrowed (Figs. 47, 57) ................................................ D. filus sp. nov.
45 Basivolsella with large, wide and rounded expansion directed upward at inner margin (Fig. 38), ventral ramus of aedeagus with ventral margin with deep median emargination (Fig. 40), outer lobe of aedeagus with dorsal margin strongly conical in lateral view, ventral margin with two large and long teeth (Fig. 40)....................... ........................................................................................................ D. conicus sp. nov.
­ Basivolsella without expansion (Fig. 60), ventral ramus of aedeagus without emargination (Fig. 53), outer lobe of aedeagus with dorsal margin not conical in lateral view, ventral margin at most with one large tooth (Fig. 56) .................................... 46
46 Ventral margin of outer lobe of aedeagus with one large and long apical teeth directed downward (Figs. 55, 56, 62) ...................................................................... 47
­ Ventral margin of outer lobe of aedeagus without large and long teeth (Figs. 43, 52) .................................................................................................................................. 48
47 Dorsal body of aedeagus with pair of basal processes with two long and sharpened teeth on each one (Fig. 61), ventral ramus straight (Fig. 60)....... D. spinosus sp. nov.
­ Dorsal body of aedeagus without basal processes (Fig. 54), ventral ramus angled medially outward (Fig. 53)......................................................... D. umbilicus sp. nov.
48 Apex of ventral ramus of aedeagus rounded and dilated (Fig. 41), apex of dorsal body rounded (Fig. 42) with ventral margin evenly serrate (Fig. 43).......................... ................................................................................................. D. curviventris sp. nov.
­ Apex of ventral ramus of aedeagus concave and not dilated (Fig. 50), apex of dorsal body very wide in lateral view (Fig. 51), with ventral margin irregularly serrate (Fig. 52) D. truncatus sp. nov.
49 Mandible with two teeth .......................................................................................... 50
­ Mandible with three or four teeth ............................................................................ 54
50 Tergal processes inconspicuous, with small tuft of hairs or small and shallow depression ... ....................................................................................................................... 51
­ Tergal processes conspicuous, with median size tuft of hairs.................................. 52
51 Apex of ventral ramus of aedeagus with very thin and long filament; ventral margin of dorsal body serrated.................................................... D. microstictus Evans, 1969
­ Apical half ventral ramus of aedeagus thin, but not as a filament; ventral margin of dorsal body not serrated ...................................................... D. mendicus Evans, 1969
52 Tergal processes with ovoid depression, wider than long, anterior margin subangulate in posterior view; aedeagus with pair of basal processes tridentate...................... ............................................................................... D. brasiliensis Kieffer, 1910
­ Tergal processes with circular depression, anterior margin not subangulate in posterior view; aedeagus without pair of basal processes (punctatus species­group)...... 53
53 Digitus stout, large and strongly arched downward, outer margin of ventral ramus of aedeagus straight; dorsal lobe of aedeagus without dorsal filaments .......................... .................................................................................................... D. napo Evans, 1970
­ Digitus not as above, outer margin of ventral ramus of aedeagus concave; dorsal lobe of aedeagus with pair of long and delicate dorsal filament.................................. ......................................................................................... D. punctatus (Kieffer, 1910)
54 Mandible with three teeth ........................................................................................ 55
­ Mandible with four teeth.......................................................................................... 56
55. Posterior margin of hypopygium strongly emarginate, aedeagus with dorsal body terminating in four pairs of apical lobes ............................... D. puteolus Evans, 1969
­ Posterior margin of hypopygium straight or nearly so, aedeagus with dorsal body terminating in three strong hooks....................................... D. chiapanus Evans, 1962
56 Tergal processes with deep, large circular depression, with dense tuft of hairs; aedeagus with ventral ramus narrowed to the sharpened apex, dorsal body with one pair of apical lobes ...................................................................... D. fungosus Evans, 1979
­ Tergal processes with small depression, tuft of hairs small, aedeagus with ventral ramus wide, apex truncate and oblique (Fig. 133), dorsal body with two pairs of apical lobes, the dorsal pair short and angled medially (Fig. 134) ................................... ............................................................................................... D. nanellus Evans, 1969
description: Published as part of Azevedo, C. O., 2003, Synopsis of the Neotropical Dissomphalus (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 338 (1) on pages 8-14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.338.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019741