cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticle Properties Modulate Their Attachment and Effect on Carrier Red Blood Cells
Creators: name: Mitragotri, Samir
name: Brenner, Jacob S.
name: Patel, Priyal N.
name: Anselmo, Aaron C.
name: Myerson, Jacob W.
name: Pan, Daniel C.
name: Muzykantov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Attachment of nanoparticles (NPs) to the surface of carrier red blood cells (RBCs) profoundly alters their interactions with the host organism, decelerating NP clearance from the bloodstream while enabling NP transfer from the RBC surface to the vascular cells. These changes in pharmacokinetics of NPs imposed by carrier RBCs are favorable for many drug delivery purposes. On the other hand, understanding effects of NPs on the carrier RBCs is vital for successful translation of this novel drug delivery paradigm. Here, using two types of distinct nanoparticles (polystyrene (PSNP) and lysozyme-dextran nanogels (LDNG)) we assessed potential adverse and sensitizing effects of surface adsorption of NPs on mouse and human RBCs. At similar NP loadings (approx. 50 particles per RBC), adsorption of PSNPs, but not LDNGs, induces RBCs agglutination and sensitizes RBCs to damage by osmotic, mechanical and oxidative stress. PSNPs, but not LDNGs, increase RBC stiffening and surface exposure of phosphatidylserine, both known to accelerate RBC clearance in vivo. Therefore, NP properties and loading amounts have a profound impact on RBCs. Furthermore, LDNGs appear conducive to nanoparticle drug delivery using carrier RBCs.
Excitonic condensation in systems of strongly correlated electrons
Creators: name: Kunes, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The idea of exciton condensation in solids was introduced in 1960's with the analogy to superconductivity in mind. While exciton supercurrents have been realized only in artificial quantum-well structures so far, the application of the concept of excitonic condensation to bulk solids leads to a rich spectrum of thermodynamic phases with diverse physical properties. In this review we discuss recent developments in the theory of exciton condensation in systems described by Hubbard-type models. In particular, we focus on the connections to their various strong-coupling limits that have been studied in other contexts, e.g., cold atoms physics. One of our goals is to provide a 'dictionary' which would allow the reader to efficiently combine results obtained in these different fields.
description: 22 pages, 18 figures, review article
Does war like situation create war phobia among television viewers? A clash between Pakistan & India On Pulwama incident in Kashmir
Creators: name: Gul, Nimrah
name: Ali, Sajjad
name: Irfan, Muhammad
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Language, communication and culture
subject: Philosophy and religious studies
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Media is powerful enough to influence the minds of the people. The study investigates the television viewers’ stances about situation which happened between Pakistan and India in the shape of Pulwama incident. Television channels of both sides presented different aspects of the terror attack, whereas both look defensive according to their respective state rules and policies and it also created a war-like situation on both sides of the border. The researchers examined the level of fear of war on the basis of television exposure. For this aim, the researchers applied survey method and data was collected through purposive sampling from 50 viewers of two high ranked Pakistani television channels, i.e., Geo and ARY. The correlation results p=.001 & p=.000 supported the hypotheses of the study that those who consume more time with TV in war-like situation will have more fear of war, which is due to exaggeration and repetition of aggressive contents. The findings also supported the Cultivation Theory assumption that heavy viewers of TV have more insecurity feeling in such kind of situation.
Determination of the top-quark pole mass using $t \bar{t}+1$-jet events collected with the ATLAS experiment in 7 TeV $pp$ collisions
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The normalized differential cross section for top-quark pair production in association with at least one jet is studied as a function of the inverse of the invariant mass of the $t \bar{t}+1$-jet system. This distribution can be used for a precise determination of the top-quark mass since gluon radiation depends on the mass of the quarks. The experimental analysis is based on proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC with a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb$^{-1}$. The selected events were identified using the lepton+jets top-quark-pair decay channel, where lepton refers to either an electron or a muon. The observed distribution is compared to a theoretical prediction at next-to-leading-order accuracy in quantum chromodynamics using the pole-mass scheme. With this method, the measured value of the top-quark pole mass, $m_t^{\rm pole}$, is: $m_t^{\rm pole}$ =173.7 $\pm$ 1.5 (stat.) $\pm$ 1.4 (syst.) $^{+ 1.0}_{-0.5}$ (theory) GeV. This result represents the most precise measurement of the top-quark pole mass to date.
description: 24 pages plus author list (40 pages total), 5 figures, 4 tables, published version, all figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2014-06/
title: Chronicling private lives: the narratives of fulfilment in Helena Třeštíková’s longitudinal documentary films
Creators: name: Beaton, Sam
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2018

description: The longitudinal documentary films of director Helena Třeštíková have observed a number of subjects over a career that has spanned two distinct historical periods in Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic. Both the normalisation system of communist Czechoslovakia, and the transition to a post-communist market economy after 1989, have impacted documentary production and the narratives within them, in addition to the specific topics and interests which filmmakers have focused on. For Třeštíková, who has often explored intimate, personal themes of subjects across authoritarianism and liberal democracy, a number of narratives concerning the fulfilment and well-being of protagonists has emerged. What is particularly fascinating is witnessing how the director crafts narratives in relation to the dominant documentary discourses of normalisation and post-normalisation, and what they argue about the impact that these different systems have on those who live in the Czech Republic. Although a number of political analyses have been written concerning Czech history, there are significant gaps in a number of fields pertaining to documentary cinema and culture. This is particularly evident in the English language, with a lack of scholarship on the film and television tradition of either normalisation Czechoslovakia or what occurred after the fall of the regime. This thesis contends that further research into these fields is important for a number of reasons, particularly as there is little existing knowledge on how these times of political upheaval have been represented by documentarists; and that research of documentaries cast light onto individual destinies and lives while dealing with grand historical narratives from below. Furthermore, a study which investigates Třeštíková and the Czech experience can provide an insight into the wider role of woman documentarists and the study of documentaries in general. This thesis will explore how Helena Třeštíková addresses the concept of fulfilment and crafts narratives which relate to it in her longitudinal films. To do this, two of the director’s documentary cycles will be analysed alongside three standalone feature-length films, and against the existing non-fiction films and programmes of the two historical periods which are referenced. The study will conclude that the longitudinal approach to documentary allows Třeštíková to craft narratives that subvert the values of the state socialist system, before expanding to reveal that many barriers to fulfilment that existed in the 1980s remain after the Velvet Revolution; and that fulfilment emerges as a cycle which continues to affect subsequent generations of Czechs regardless of what system they are governed by.
Synchrony and Physiological Arousal Increase Cohesion and Cooperation in Large Naturalistic Groups
Creators: name: Jong, Jonathan
name: McNaughton, Craig
name: Bilkey, David
name: Zollmann, Stefanie
name: Halberstadt, Jamin
name: Whitehouse, Harvey
name: Jackson, Joshua Conrad
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Separate research streams have identified synchrony and arousal as two factors that might contribute to the effects of human rituals on social cohesion and cooperation. But no research has manipulated these variables in the field to investigate their causal – and potentially interactive – effects on prosocial behaviour. Across four experimental sessions involving large samples of strangers, we manipulated the synchronous and physiologically arousing affordances of a group marching task within a sports stadium. We observed participants’ subsequent movement, grouping, and cooperation via a camera hidden in the stadium’s roof. Synchrony and arousal both showed main effects, predicting larger groups, tighter clustering, and more cooperative behaviour in a free-rider dilemma. Synchrony and arousal also interacted on measures of clustering and cooperation such that synchrony only encouraged closer clustering—and encouraged greater cooperation—when paired with physiological arousal. The research helps us understand why synchrony and arousal often co-occur in rituals around the world. It also represents the first use of real-time spatial tracking as a precise and naturalistic method of simulating collective rituals.
Effects of the local structure dependence of evaporation fields on field evaporation behavior
Creators: name: Yao, Lan
name: Withrow, Travis
name: Restrepo, Oscar D.
name: Windl, Wolfgang
name: Marquis, Emmanuelle A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate three dimensional reconstructions of atomic positions, and full quantification of the information contained in atom probe tomography data relies on understanding the physical processes taking place during field evaporation of atoms from needle-shaped specimens. However, the modeling framework for atom probe tomography has remained qualitative at best. Building on the continuum field models previously developed, we introduce a more physical approach with the selection of evaporation events based on density functional theory calculations. This new model reproduces key features observed experimentally in terms of sequence of evaporation, desorption maps, and depth resolution, and provides insights into the physical limit for spatial resolution.
Non-perturbative Suppression of Chiral Vortical Effect in Hot (s)QGP for Hyperons Spin Polarization in Heavy Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Abramchuk, Ruslan
name: Selch, Maik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the Field Correlator Method (FCM) for QCD, we show that the Chiral Vortical Effect (CVE) in hot (strongly-interacting) Quark-Gluon Plasma ((s)QGP) is modified by non-perturbative interactions: by Color-Magnetic confinement, and by remnant Color-Electric interaction, which is encoded in the Polyakov line. The obtained result demonstrates numerical suppression of CVE comparable to the phenomenological suppression used for numerical simulations of RHIC-STAR data on hyperons spin polarization in non-central heavy ion collision (HIC). The parameters range in the temperature - quark chemical potential plane is expected to cover ALICE and RHIC data. The chiral current is calculated for the rigidly rotating model of (s)QGP in the linear order in angular velocity at the rotation axis with account of non-perturbative interactions.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Effects of Blade Root Dimensions on Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of a Small Wind Turbine Blade
Creators: name: KALE, SANDIP A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 90608 Renewable Power and Energy Systems Engineering (excl. Solar Cells)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 91207 Metals and Alloy Materials
subject: FOS: Materials engineering
subject: 10303 Optimisation
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Small wind turbines have the potential to act as a complementary clean energy source to solar PV, especially during nighttime. However, the generally less attractive payback of small scale wind turbines has restrained its widespread application, and one way to improve their cost effectiveness is by improving the efficiency, for which blade design is a crucial factor. The blade design is a complex but interesting process and still demands continuous research at various stages. This research paper presents the effect of flat rectangular root dimensions on blade mass, stresses, strain and deformation for a fixed pitch, horizontal axis small wind turbine blade of 2.5 m length. For the three considered variables root length, width and thickness, four levels of dimensions are selected for each which yields 64 blade models. A total of 16 blade models with different root dimensions are finalized through the Taguchi method and investigated using finite element analysis. The effects of these variables on five characteristics, namely: blade mass, stresses in the blade main body, stresses in the blade root and connecting portion, deformation and strain are studied. Analysis of variance is carried out for all these independent and dependent variables. The results indicate that the thickness, length and width are the most, intermediate and least influencing variables respectively, and cause significant changes in these five characteristics of the blade.
Black hole solution in the framework of $\arctan$-electrodynamics
Creators: name: Kruglov, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An $arctan$-electrodynamics coupled with the gravitational field is investigated. We obtain the regular black hole solution that at $r\rightarrow \infty$ gives corrections to the Reissner-Nordström solution. The corrections to Coulomb's law at $r\rightarrow\infty$ are found. We evaluate the mass of the black hole that is a function of the dimensional parameter $β$ introduced in the model. The magnetically charged black hole was investigated and we have obtained the magnetic mass of the black hole and the metric function at $r\rightarrow \infty$. The regular black hole solution is obtained at $r\rightarrow 0$ with the de Sitter core. We show that there is no singularity of the Ricci scalar for electrically and magnetically charged black holes. Restrictions on the electric and magnetic fields are found that follow from the requirement of the absence of superluminal sound speed and the requirement of a classical stability.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, journal version
Self-Accelerating Matter Waves
Creators: name: Yuce, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The free particle Schrodinger equation admits a non-trivial self-accelerating Airy wave packet solution. Recently, the Airy beams that freely accelerate in space was experimentally realized in photonics community. Here we present self-accelerating waves for the Bose-Einstein condensate in a time dependent harmonic oscillator potential. We show that parity and time reversal symmetries for self accelerating waves are spontaneously broken.
description: To appear in Modern Physics Letters B
Exploring novel molecular targets for the therapy of myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukaemia
Creators: name: Tan, Peter
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The current therapy of high-risk MDS and AML is reliant on cytotoxic chemotherapy and is often delivered to all patients with no regard for future potential relapse risk or other biomarkers that will predict the achievement of complete remission or remain in a durable remission. Therefore, alternative therapies are warranted to improve the long-term outcome for these patients. Epigenetic changes refer to stable and heritable changes in gene expression due to modifications in the form of DNA methylation and histone modifications without change in the underlying DNA sequence. Unlike genetic mutations, epigenetic changes are reversible, making the potential for targeting these processes therapeutically attractive. This thesis initially reviewed the epigenetic landscape in myelodysplastic syndrome, which has an extensive overlap with AML. There is an evaluation of underlying epigenetic mechanisms in MDS and the dominant molecular processes modified by hypomethylating agents, which underpin their therapeutic effects. The review summarized the current knowledge of recently identified novel mutations found in MDS and AML, several of which regulate endogenous methylation networks within cells (including TET2, DNMT3A, IDH and EZH2). The relevance of these lesions in being able to predict response to epigenetic modulators and their correlation with epigenetic signatures in MDS are beginning to emerge. These molecular lesions were an ongoing theme as all patients on study in the reported clinical trials were assessed for these known molecular mutations and each mutation was correlated with clinical response to investigational therapy. The thesis includes reports of three early phase clinical trials in myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukaemia. The program of clinical trials utilising azacitidine as the therapeutic backbone for newly diagnosed patients, those with relapsed or refractory disease or as maintenance therapy in patients who have achieved complete remission after induction therapy. As each of these combinations have not been previously investigated in their particular settings, important Phase Ib data was obtained to evaluate the safety and tolerability of the combination investigational therapy and then each study moved to dose-expansion in Phase II to assess the preliminary efficacy of the the treatment. There were significant findings regarding correlative studies for each of the particular compounds investigated. In conclusion, the findings in this thesis provide important clinical data for the safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy of novel agents in combination with hypomethylating agents. Further correlative studies have also demonstrated important molecular pathways and in vivo responses that may guide future rational clinical trial design.
Flavour-changing Higgs decays into bottom and strange quarks in supersymmetry
Creators: name: Barenboim, G.
name: Bosch, C.
name: Lee, J. S.
name: López-Ibáñez, M. L.
name: Vives, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we explore the flavour changing decays $H_i \to b s$ in a general supersymmetric scenario. In these models, the flavour changing decays arise at loop-level but, originating from a dimension-four operator, do not decouple and may provide a first sign of new physics for heavy masses beyond collider reach. In the framework of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM), we find that the largest branching ratio of the lightest Higgs ($H_1$) is ${\cal O}(10^{-6})$ after imposing present experimental constraints. While heavy Higgs states may still present branching ratios ${\cal O}(10^{-3})$. In a more general supersymmetric scenario, where additional Higgs states may modify the Higgs mixings, the branching ratio BR($H_1 \to b s$) can reach values ${\cal O}(10^{-4})$ , while heavy Higgses still remain at ${\cal O}(10^{-3})$. Although these values are clearly out of reach for the LHC, a full study in a linear collider environment could be worth pursuing.
description: Version to be published in PRD. Added EDM constraints on phases and estimate of linear collider reach. Small typos corrected, references added. 26 pages, 10 figures
Targeted Knockdown of Overexpressed VEGFA or VEGF164 in Müller cells maintains retinal function by triggering different signaling mechanisms
Creators: name: Suwanmanee, Thipparat
name: Elizabeth Hartnett,
name: Simmons, Aaron B.
name: Becker, Silke
name: Wang, Haibo
name: Stoddard, Gregory J.
name: Kafri, Tal
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) upregulates Müller cell vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) that causes intravitreal neovascularization similar to severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Safety concerns exist with anti-VEGF treatment for ROP. We evaluated long-term knockdown of Müller cell-VEGFA with short-hairpin RNAs to VEGFA or VEGF164 via subretinal lentivirus delivery (L-VEGFAshRNA, L-VEGF164shRNA) on retinal structure and function in a rat OIR model. Lectin-stained retinal flat mounts analyzed for areas of avascular/total retina (AVA) and intravitreal neovascular/total retina (IVNV) showed initial significantly reduced IVNV by L-VEGFAshRNA and L-VEGF164shRNA compared to control, luciferase-shRNA lentivirus, without late recurrence. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and immunohistochemical sections (IHC) demonstrated changes in retinal layer thicknesses in L-VEGFAshRNA or L-VEGF164shRNA  compared to control. Ganzfeld electroretinograms were increased in L-VEGFAshRNA or L-VEGF164shRNA compared to control. Erythropoietin (EPO), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) mRNAs were increased in L-VEGFAshRNA, but not L-VEGF164shRNA retinas. In cultured rat Müller cells, knockdown of VEGF upregulated NT-3 and EPO, whereas treatment with EPO activated neuroprotective signaling. Methods to reduce IVNV by selective knockdown of VEGFA, and particularly VEGF164, in Müller cells may have fewer deleterious effects than nonselective VEGFA inhibition to all cells in the retina.
EmotivITA: Dimensional and Multi-dimensional Emotion Analysis in Italian Texts: Guidelines
Creators: name: Gafà, Giovanni
name: Cutugno, Francesco
name: Venuti, Marco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This document provides a detailed presentation of the EmotivITA task, its state of the art, the methodology for evaluating participating systems, and guidelines for participation. Various aspects of sentiment analysis have already been addressed in previous editions of Evalita, but EmotivITA introduces, for the first time, the problem of emotion regression according to the Valence, Arousal, Dominance model proposed by Russell and Mehrabian for emotion evaluation. The task consists of a monodimensional and a multidimensional subtask, and for both it will be possible to present constrained and unconstrained runs. Participating systems will be evaluated based on the most commonly used correlation metrics in the field, Pearson's r and Mean Absolute Error. EmotivITA aims to promote research on dimensional emotion analysis in the Italian language and contributes to the lively debate within the Natural Language Processing community regarding affective computing.
Tumor Tissue Detection using Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent Functional MRI based on Independent Component Analysis
Creators: name: Zang, Yu-Feng
name: Wu, Jinsong
name: Qi, Le
name: Qiu, Wusi
name: Lu, Junfeng
name: Qiu, ShiJun
name: Kang, Dezhi
name: Chen, Shuda
name: Duan, Lisha
name: Cui, Jianling
name: Chen, Fuyong
name: Ding, Zhongxiang
name: Lee, Seong-Whan
name: Shen, Dinggang
name: Zhang, Han
name: Huang, Huiyuan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Accurate delineation of gliomas from the surrounding normal brain areas helps maximize tumor resection and improves outcome. Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) has been routinely adopted for presurgical mapping of the surrounding functional areas. For completely utilizing such imaging data, here we show the feasibility of using presurgical fMRI for tumor delineation. In particular, we introduce a novel method dedicated to tumor detection based on independent component analysis (ICA) of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) with automatic tumor component identification. Multi-center rs-fMRI data of 32 glioma patients from three centers, plus the additional proof-of-concept data of 28 patients from the fourth center with non-brain musculoskeletal tumors, are fed into individual ICA with different total number of components (TNCs). The best-fitted tumor-related components derived from the optimized TNCs setting are automatically determined based on a new template-matching algorithm. The success rates are 100%, 100% and 93.75% for glioma tissue detection for the three centers, respectively, and 85.19% for musculoskeletal tumor detection. We propose that the high success rate could come from the previously overlooked ability of BOLD rs-fMRI in characterizing the abnormal vascularization, vasomotion and perfusion caused by tumors. Our findings suggest an additional usage of the rs-fMRI for comprehensive presurgical assessment.
title: Green facade features for office buildings in the future climate
Creators: name: Rachbuakhao, Wilanda
Publisher: name: University of Southampton
Year: 2022
Subjects: green facade, plants, office building, energy saving, thermal performance, glare

description: A facade's refurbishment is essential for London 2050 to achieve the zero-carbon goals since facades influence more than 50% of the energy consumed. The green faÃ§ade strategy is passive solution to satisfy this issue due to its benefits. This work aims to evaluate the impacts of green facades on thermal comfort and wellbeing quality inside the environment of office buildings in London. Several scenario studies with various conclusions about how energy and daylight react to changing input conditions are the result. The proposed study would utilize green faÃ§ades in office buildings to achieve useful natural daylight, thermal performance enhancement, and energy savings to adapt to London's future climate. The findings suggest that the application of green facade features with natural ventilation reduces energy consumptionand enhances thermal performance with fresh air due to their ability to filter air. Additionally, depending on orientation, it can eliminate uncomfortable glare in spaces.
Ambiguity in renormalization of X-junction between Luttinger liquid wires
Creators: name: Aristov, D. N.
name: Niyazov, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study four-lead junction of semi-infinite wires by using fermionic representation in the scattering state formalism. The model of spinless fermions with short-range Luttinger liquid type interaction is used. We find the renormalization group (RG) equations for the conductances of the system in the first order of fermionic interaction. In contrast to the well-known cases of two-lead and three-lead junctions, we show that the RG equations cannot be expressed solely in terms of conductances. The appearing ambiguity is resolved by choosing a certain sign defined at the level of S-matrix, but hidden in conductances. The origin of this Z_2 symmetry is traced back to the particle-hole symmetry of our Hamiltonian. We demonstrate two distinct RG flows from any point in the space of conductances. The scaling exponents at the fixed points are not affected by these observations.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
A Comparative Surface Cleaning Study of Op Structure, an Op Art PMMA Sculpture by Michael Dillon
Creators: name: Angelova, Lora V.
name: Sofer, Gates
name: Bartoletti, Angelica
name: Ormsby, Bronwyn
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biophysics
Space Science

description: The cleaning of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sculpture, Op Structure by Michael Dillon (1967, Tate Collection T03717), was undertaken as a case study during the NANORESTART project. Novel cleaning techniques, including microemulsions and gels, were evaluated and compared against more commonly used treatment methods on mock-ups created to broadly represent the conservation challenges presented by this artwork. The experimental design is presented, including the creation of mock-ups of a contemporary plastic work that required surface soil reduction and removal of two non-original labels with different pressure-sensitive adhesives. More than thirty cleaning systems were applied to soiled mock-ups and evaluated using a combination of imaging, instrumental analysis, and empirical observations. A summary of results, which reflect the decision-making process that led to the final treatment strategy, is presented. After extensive trials, surface cleaning was carried out using an aqueous surfactant-chelator solution applied with microfiber cloths; adhesive labels were removed with dilute water/propan-2-ol cotton poultices.
Higher-order interference in extensions of quantum theory
Creators: name: Lee, Ciarán M.
name: Selby, John H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum interference lies at the heart of several quantum computational speed-ups and provides a striking example of a phenomenon with no classical counterpart. An intriguing feature of quantum interference arises in a three slit experiment. In this set-up, the interference pattern can be written in terms of the two and one slit patterns obtained by blocking some of the slits. This is in stark contrast with the standard two slit experiment, where the interference pattern is irreducible. This was first noted by Rafael Sorkin, who asked why quantum theory only exhibits irreducible interference in the two slit experiment. One approach to this problem is to compare the predictions of quantum theory to those of operationally-defined `foil' theories, in the hope of determining whether theories exhibiting higher-order interference suffer from pathological--or at least undesirable--features. In this paper two proposed extensions of quantum theory are considered: the theory of Density Cubes proposed by Dakic et al., which has been shown to exhibit irreducible interference in the three slit set-up, and the Quartic Quantum Theory of Zyczkowski. The theory of Density Cubes will be shown to provide an advantage over quantum theory in a certain computational task and to posses a well-defined mechanism which leads to the emergence of quantum theory. Despite this, the axioms used to define Density Cubes will be shown to be insufficient to uniquely characterise the theory. In comparison, Quartic Quantum Theory is well-defined and we show that it exhibits irreducible interference to all orders. This feature of the theory is argued not to be a genuine phenomenon, but to arise from an ambiguity in the current definition of higher-order interference. To understand why quantum theory has limited interference therefore, a new operational definition of higher-order interference is needed.
description: Updated in response to referee comments. 17 pages. Comments welcome
The (in)visible hand in the Libor market: an Information Theory approach
Creators: name: Bariviera, Aurelio F.
name: Guercio, M. Belén
name: Martinez, Lisana B.
name: Rosso, Osvaldo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper analyzes several interest rates time series from the United Kingdom during the period 1999 to 2014. The analysis is carried out using a pioneering statistical tool in the financial literature: the complexity-entropy causality plane. This representation is able to classify different stochastic and chaotic regimes in time series. We use sliding temporal windows to assess changes in the intrinsic stochastic dynamics of the time series. Anomalous behavior in the Libor is detected, especially around the time of the last financial crisis, that could be consistent with data manipulation.
description: PACS 89.65.Gh Econophysics; 74.40.De noise and chaos
Kinetic models of immediate exchange
Creators: name: Heinsalu, Els
name: Patriarca, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel kinetic exchange model differing from previous ones in two main aspects. First, the basic dynamics is modified in order to represent economies where immediate wealth exchanges are carried out, instead of reshufflings or uni-directional movements of wealth. Such dynamics produces wealth distributions that describe more faithfully real data at small values of wealth. Secondly, a general probabilistic trading criterion is introduced, so that two economic units can decide independently whether to trade or not depending on their profit. It is found that the type of the equilibrium wealth distribution is the same for a large class of trading criteria formulated in a symmetrical way with respect to the two interacting units. This establishes unexpected links between and provides a microscopic foundations of various kinetic exchange models in which the existence of a saving propensity is postulated. We also study the generalized heterogeneous version of the model in which units use different trading criteria and show that suitable sets of diversified parameter values with a moderate level of heterogeneity can reproduce realistic wealth distributions with a Pareto power law.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Arsenic and Old Bookcloth: Identification and Safer Use of Emerald Green Victorian-Era Cloth Case Bindings
Creators: name: Tedone, Melissa
name: Grayburn, Rosie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Analysis of nineteenth-century, cloth-case publishers’ bindings at Winterthur Library revealed starch-coated bookcloth colored with the toxic pigment “emerald green” (copper acetoarsenite). While this pigment was widely used in Victorian home goods and apparel, its use specifically in bookcloth has not been formally explored. A survey of bookcloth pigments was conducted to identify which toxic elements may be present in bookcloth and to determine how many bindings were colored with emerald green. English-language books at Winterthur published between 1837 and 1900 were analyzed with x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. When arsenic and copper were found together, Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm emerald green. The dataset was further expanded using The Library Company of Philadelphia’s significant holdings of cloth-case publishers’ bindings. Copper and arsenic were detected in 38 rare and circulating books in total. Based on this data, trends in emerald green bookcloth use include: consistently vivid green hue; stamped decoration; English and American imprints from 1840s to 1860s. Quantitative analysis revealed significant levels of arsenic in friable bookcloth colorant. Emerald green books in the Winterthur collection were rehoused in zip-top polyethylene bags with hazard labels and circulating books were moved into the access-controlled rare book collection.
Molecular mechanisms underlying breast cancer dormancy
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Erikka
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: Breast Cancer (BC) has been a highly prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in women. The incidence of mortality rate in BC patients increases with age, in which nearly 95% of cases emerge in women over 40 years old. In BC patients, metastasis occurs predominantly in bone marrow (BM) due to interactions between breast cancer cells (BCCs) and resident BM cells. Increasing evidence support a role for the BM as a microenvironmental hub to facilitate breast cancer dormancy and metastasis. Under conditions of dormancy, cancer cells can remain in an undifferentiated state with stem cell-like properties, which confers them with immunological and chemotherapeutic resistance. After initial diagnosis, BCCs can remain dormant for years and even decades before relapsing into metastatic lesions. Epigenetic alterations triggered by resident cells within the BM can be attributed to the initiation and maintenance of BC dormancy. This review focuses on the epigenetic mechanisms underlying BC dormancy within the BM microenvironment, alongside potential therapeutic strategies.
Tidal Forces in Naked Singularity Backgrounds
Creators: name: Goel, Akash
name: Maity, Reevu
name: Roy, Pratim
name: Sarkar, Tapobrata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The end stage of a gravitational collapse process can generically result in a black hole or a naked singularity. Here we undertake a comparative analysis of the nature of tidal forces in these backgrounds. The effect of such forces is generically exemplified by the Roche limit, which predicts the distance within which a celestial object disintegrates due to the tidal effects of a second more massive object. In this paper, using Fermi normal coordinates, we numerically compute the Roche limit for a class of non-rotating naked singularity backgrounds, and compare them with known results for Schwarzschild black holes. Our analysis indicates that there might be substantially large deviations in the magnitudes of tidal forces in naked singularity backgrounds, compared to the black hole cases. If observationally established, these can prove to be an effective indicator of the nature of the singularity at a galactic centre.
description: 1 + 18 Pages, 9 figures
Design of structurally distinct proteins using strategies inspired by evolution
Creators: name: Xu,
name: Eletsky,
name: Williams,
name: Kuhlman,
name: Williams,
name: Federizon,
name: Szyperski,
name: Jacobs,
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Natural recombination combines pieces of pre-existing proteins to create new tertiary structures and functions. We describe a computational protocol, called SEWING, which is inspired by this process and builds new proteins from connected or disconnected pieces of existing structures. Helical proteins designed with SEWING contain structural features absent from other de novo designed proteins and in some cases remain folded to over 100 °C. High resolution structures of the designed proteins CA01 and DA05R1 were solved by X-ray crystallography (2.2 Å resolution) and NMR respectively, and there was excellent agreement with the design models. This method provides a new strategy to rapidly create large numbers of diverse and designable protein scaffolds.
Interfacial and thickness effects in La$_{2/3}$Sr$_{1/3}$MnO$_3$/YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7}$ superlattices
Creators: name: Lima, V. A. M.
name: Aguiar, M. C. O.
name: Plumb, N. C.
name: Radovic, M.
name: Brito, W. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superlattices of correlated oxides have been used to explore interfacial effects and to achieve additional control over the physical properties of individual constituents. In this work, we present a first-principles perspective of the strain and thickness effects in La$_{2/3}$Sr$_{1/3}$MnO$_3$/YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7}$ (LSMO/YBCO) superlattices. Our findings indicate that the presence of epitaxial strain and LSMO leads to a reduction of buckling parameters of the interfacial CuO$_2$ planes, as well as the transfer of electrons from LSMO to YBCO. In addition, the change in Cu-3$d$ valence is slightly dependent on the LSMO layer thickness. More interestingly, the in-plane ferromagnetic ground state within the CuO$_2$ planes near the interface is induced due to the local moments centered at the copper atoms. These local moments are decoupled from the charge transfer and, according to our calculations, appear mainly due to the Mn $3d$-O $2p$-Cu $3d$ hybridization being restricted to the interfacial region. The induced net magnetic ordering in interfacial copper atoms may have implications in the control of the superconducting state in the LSMO/YBCO superlattices.
แนวปฏิบัติสำหรับสถานการณ์แพร่ระบาดของ COVID-19 ในแผนกเอกซเรย์ ศูนย์การแพทย์กาญจนาภิเษก คณะแพทยศาสตร์ศิริราชพยาบาล มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล
Creators: name: สมลักษณ์ จำรูญสาย
name: ศุภวรรณ จิวะพงศ์
name: จารุวรรณ สันตินันท์
Publisher: name: Mahidol University
Year: 2022
Subjects: COVID-19
เอกซเรย์ปอด
เอกซเรย์คอมพิวเตอร์
เครื่องมือทางการแพทย์

description: Mahidol R2R e-Journal, 9, 3, 1-15
A review of progress in the physics of open quantum systems: theory and experiment
Creators: name: Rotter, I.
name: Bird, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This Report explores recent advances in our understanding of the physics of open quantum systems (OQSs) which consist of some localized region that is coupled to an external environment. Examples of such systems may be found in numerous areas of physics including mesoscopic physics that provides the main focus of this review. We provide a detailed discussion of the behavior of OQSs in terms of the projection-operator formalism, according to which the system under study is considered to be comprised of a localized region ($Q$), embedded into a well-defined environment ($P$) of scattering wavefunctions (with $Q+P=1$). The $Q$ subspace must be treated using the concepts of non-Hermitian physics, and of particular interest here is: the capacity of the environment to mediate a coupling between the different states of $Q$; the role played by the presence of exceptional points (EPs) in the spectra of OQSs; the influence of EPs on the rigidity of the wavefunction phases, and; the ability of EPs to initiate a dynamical phase transition (DPT). DPTs occur when the quantum dynamics of the open system causes transitions between non-analytically connected states, as a function of some external control parameter. In addition to discussing experiments on mesoscopic quantum point contacts, we also review manifestations of DPTs in mesoscopic devices and other systems. Other possible manifestations of this phenomenon are presented. From these discussions a generic picture of OQSs emerges in which the environmentally-mediated coupling between different quantum states plays a critical role in governing the system behavior.
description: Title changed; 1 reference added; published Rep. Progr. Phys. 78 (2015) 114001 (37pp); here: Abstract (full length), Introduction (including 1 figure), Conclusions, References
Ground states of stealthy hyperuniform potentials: I. Entropically favored configurations
Creators: name: Zhang, Ge
name: Stillinger, Frank H.
name: Torquato, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Systems of particles interacting with "stealthy" pair potentials have been shown to possess infinitely degenerate disordered hyperuniform classical ground states with novel physical properties. Previous attempts to sample the infinitely degenerate ground states used energy minimization techniques, introducing algorithmic dependence that is artificial in nature. Recently, an ensemble theory of stealthy hyperuniform ground states was formulated to predict the structure and thermodynamics that was shown to be in excellent agreement with corresponding computer simulation results in the canonical ensemble (in the zero-temperature limit). In this paper, we provide details and justifications of the simulation procedure, which involves performing molecular dynamics simulations at sufficiently low temperatures and minimizing the energy of the snapshots for both the high-density disordered regime, where the theory applies, as well as lower densities. We also use numerical simulations to extend our study to the lower-density regime. We report results for the pair correlation functions, structure factors, and Voronoi cell statistics. In the high-density regime, we verify the theoretical ansatz that stealthy disordered ground states behave like "pseudo" disordered equilibrium hard-sphere systems in Fourier space. These results show that as the density decreases from the high-density limit, the disordered ground states in the canonical ensemble are characterized by an increasing degree of short-range order and eventually the system undergoes a phase transition to crystalline ground states. We also provide numerical evidence suggesting that different forms of stealthy pair potentials produce the same ground-state ensemble in the zero-temperature limit. Our techniques may be applied to sample this limit of the canonical ensemble of other potentials with highly degenerate ground states.
The Blanchet-Khovanov algebras
Creators: name: Ehrig, Michael
name: Stroppel, Catharina
name: Tubbenhauer, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Blanchet introduced certain singular cobordisms to fix the functoriality of Khovanov homology. In this paper we introduce graded algebras consisting of such singular cobordisms à la Blanchet. As the main result we give algebraic versions of these algebras using the combinatorics of arc diagrams.
description: 40 pages, many colored figures, revised version (e.g. added suggestions of a referee), to appear in Contemp. Math., Perspectives on Categorification, comments welcome