cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Appraisals, coping responses, and attributions as predictors of individual differences in negative emotions among adolescents with cancer
Creators: name: Burgess, Ellen S.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 5203
subject: Clinical and health psychology

description: This study was designed to account for individual differences in emotional responses to (a) the experience of having cancer and (b) a recent cancer-related hassle by applying two cognitive models of emotions: Lazarus's theory relating stress, appraisals, and coping to specific emotions, and Weiner's attributional model. Seventy-two adolescents (age 12 to 18) with cancer completed self-report measures of constructs implicated in the two models, and their parents reported behavior problems and clinical status. Contrary to Lazarus's theory, primary appraisals of threat, challenge and harm for cancer (and cancer related hassles) were nonspecifically positively correlated with anxiety, anger, and depressive symptoms. Likewise, secondary appraisals (e.g., self-and other-blame, perceived emotion-focused or problem-focused coping potential) showed little evidence of relating more specifically to the negative emotions with which they are theoretically linked. As predicted, both emotion-focused and problem-focused coping strategies were used. Support was found for the hypothesis that problem-focused coping would be positively related to beliefs about what could be done to change the stressor. However, no support was found for the hypothesis that emotion-focused coping would be negatively related to beliefs about how changeable the stressor was. Finally, causal attributions were not significantly associated with the mood states to which they correspond in Weiner's model. Thus, only primary appraisals were associated with emotion and symptoms measures. This relationship held even after controlling for indicators of the objective severity of subjects' medical condition. Sex differences were found on the utilization of coping strategies and on the relationships between coping and emotions. In general, girls used more coping strategies, and higher coping tended to be associated with low negative emotions, whereas higher coping in boys tended to be associated with high negative emotions. Several explanations for the failure to find support for other aspects of the cognitive models were considered, including: (1) attributions and secondary appraisals may be relatively uninformative when studying emotional responses to severe, uncontrollable events, and (2) specificity in cognition-emotion relations may be less evident in children and adolescents in general than in adults.
Audio-based Step-count Estimation for Running -- Windowing and Neural Network Baselines
Creators: name: Wagner, Philipp
name: Triantafyllopoulos, Andreas
name: Gebhard, Alexander
name: Schuller, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In recent decades, running has become an increasingly popular pastime activity due to its accessibility, ease of practice, and anticipated health benefits. However, the risk of running-related injuries is substantial for runners of different experience levels. Several common forms of injuries result from overuse -- extending beyond the recommended running time and intensity. Recently, audio-based tracking has emerged as yet another modality for monitoring running behaviour and performance, with previous studies largely concentrating on predicting runner fatigue. In this work, we investigate audio-based step count estimation during outdoor running, achieving a mean absolute error of 1.098 in window-based step-count differences and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.479 when predicting the number of steps in a 5-second window of audio. Our work thus showcases the feasibility of audio-based monitoring for estimating important physiological variables and lays the foundations for further utilising audio sensors for a more thorough characterisation of runner behaviour.
description: Accepted at EUSIPCO 2024
Coherent pi0-photoproduction from atomic nuclei
Creators: name: Krusche, B.
name: Ahrens, J.
name: Beck, R.
name: Kamalov, S.
name: Metag, V.
name: Owens, R. O.
name: Stroeher, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Differential and total cross sections for coherent pi0-photoproduction from 12C, 40Ca, 93Nb and Pb targets have been measured throughout the region of the Delta(1232)-resonance. The experiments were performed with the TAPS-detector at the Mainz accelerator MAMI. The characteristic proportionality of the cross section to the square of the atomic mass number and to the nuclear mass form factor is clearly demonstrated. The data allow for the first time detailed tests of model predictions for this reaction. The comparison of the data to model predictions shows that the Delta-nucleus interaction saturates: it is described for heavy nuclei with the same potential parameters as for 4He.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Beşerî Sermaye, Eşitlik Algısı, İstihdam ve Ülke Ekonomisi İlişki Analizi: Türkiye Örneği
Creators: name: Aşkun, Volkan
name: Yağmur, Ayten
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 140211 Labour Economics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Education

description: Education, as in all other areas, is a key factor in the employment and empowerment of women throughout the world. However, the power of this education varies culturally and perceptually from country to country. In this study, the human capital theory explaining the education-employment connection and the equality theory explaining the perception of equality-employment are utilized. Using the sixth wave (2010-2014) data of the World Values Survey, it is aimed to reveal how education, gender, perception of equality and marital status affect the labor market and explain how education is related to the national economy. For this sample, 1,284 out of 1,605 survey questionnaires collected from Turkey were analyzed in terms of fitness for work. In this study, logistic regression and decision tree analyses are used and it is concluded that there is a positive effect on employment in case of equality perception and education. At the same time, it is found that investments in education move in parallel with the economy and create proportional gender differences in employment.
Sustained Vowels for Pre- vs Post-Treatment COPD Classification
Creators: name: Triantafyllopoulos, Andreas
name: Batliner, Anton
name: Mayr, Wolfgang
name: Fendler, Markus
name: Pokorny, Florian
name: Gerczuk, Maurice
name: Amiriparian, Shahin
name: Berghaus, Thomas
name: Schuller, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious inflammatory lung disease affecting millions of people around the world. Due to an obstructed airflow from the lungs, it also becomes manifest in patients' vocal behaviour. Of particular importance is the detection of an exacerbation episode, which marks an acute phase and often requires hospitalisation and treatment. Previous work has shown that it is possible to distinguish between a pre- and a post-treatment state using automatic analysis of read speech. In this contribution, we examine whether sustained vowels can provide a complementary lens for telling apart these two states. Using a cohort of 50 patients, we show that the inclusion of sustained vowels can improve performance to up to 79\% unweighted average recall, from a 71\% baseline using read speech. We further identify and interpret the most important acoustic features that characterise the manifestation of COPD in sustained vowels.
description: Accepted to INTERSPEECH 2024
Appraisals, coping responses, and attributions as predictors of individual differences in negative emotions among adolescents with cancer
Creators: name: Burgess, Ellen S.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This study was designed to account for individual differences in emotional responses to (a) the experience of having cancer and (b) a recent cancer-related hassle by applying two cognitive models of emotions: Lazarus's theory relating stress, appraisals, and coping to specific emotions, and Weiner's attributional model. Seventy-two adolescents (age 12 to 18) with cancer completed self-report measures of constructs implicated in the two models, and their parents reported behavior problems and clinical status. Contrary to Lazarus's theory, primary appraisals of threat, challenge and harm for cancer (and cancer related hassles) were nonspecifically positively correlated with anxiety, anger, and depressive symptoms. Likewise, secondary appraisals (e.g., self-and other-blame, perceived emotion-focused or problem-focused coping potential) showed little evidence of relating more specifically to the negative emotions with which they are theoretically linked. As predicted, both emotion-focused and problem-focused coping strategies were used. Support was found for the hypothesis that problem-focused coping would be positively related to beliefs about what could be done to change the stressor. However, no support was found for the hypothesis that emotion-focused coping would be negatively related to beliefs about how changeable the stressor was. Finally, causal attributions were not significantly associated with the mood states to which they correspond in Weiner's model. Thus, only primary appraisals were associated with emotion and symptoms measures. This relationship held even after controlling for indicators of the objective severity of subjects' medical condition. Sex differences were found on the utilization of coping strategies and on the relationships between coping and emotions. In general, girls used more coping strategies, and higher coping tended to be associated with low negative emotions, whereas higher coping in boys tended to be associated with high negative emotions. Several explanations for the failure to find support for other aspects of the cognitive models were considered, including: (1) attributions and secondary appraisals may be relatively uninformative when studying emotional responses to severe, uncontrollable events, and (2) specificity in cognition-emotion relations may be less evident in children and adolescents in general than in adults.
Job satisfaction in the public sector: A case study of the national planning office of Thailand
Creators: name: Kanchanachitra, Churnrurtai
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The main objective of this study was to identify some characteristics of and factors related to job satisfaction of Thai government staff. A questionnaire was employed to gather the data. Two hundred respondents were selected by stratified random sampling: 156 were returned. The sample population was weighted to get the closest distribution to the population as possible. Data analysis was based on the weighted sample. To analyze the data cross tabulation, chi-square, lambda and gamma were used to test the relationship between personal factors and job satisfaction. Standardized coefficients obtained from regression analysis were used to test the relationship between personal factors and motivation factors. In addition, multiple regression analysis was utilized to test the relationship between work motivation factors and level of job satisfaction. The results of the study are summarized as follows: (1) Only two personal factors, gender and position, have significant association with job satisfaction. (2) High-grade level staff place more value on intrinsic work motivation factors. Advancement is the most important motivation factor for this group. (3) Low-grade level staff puts more value on extrinsic work motivation factors. Job security is the most important motivation factor for this group. (4) Professional position employees place more value on extrinsic work motivation factors with the most important factor being the relationship with their supervisor. (5) Non-Professional position staff place more value on extrinsic work motivation factors with job security indicated as the most important factor. (6) Males value intrinsic work motivation factors more with work autonomy being the most important factor. (7) Females place more value on extrinsic work motivation factors with job security being the most important factor. (8) Intrinsic work motivation factors have greater impact on job satisfaction than extrinsic work motivation factors for every group of employees. (9) Low-grade staff were found to be more satisfied than the high-grade levels, non-professionals more satisfied than professionals, males more satisfied than females, male professionals more satisfied than female professionals, and female non-professionals more satisfied than male non-professionals. Study findings suggested that intrinsic factors create more job satisfaction than extrinsic factors, however, to ensure overall satisfaction of the employees, both intrinsic and extrinsic factors have to be present.
Additional file 4 of Altered secretory and neuroprotective function of the choroid plexus in progressive multiple sclerosis
Creators: name: Sabela Rodríguez-Lorenzo
name: Francisco, David Miguel Ferreira
name: Vos, Ricardo
name: Hof, Bert Van Het
name: Rijnsburger, Merel
name: Schroten, Horst
name: Ishikawa, Hiroshi
name: Beaino, Wissam
name: Bruggmann, Rémy
name: Kooij, Gijs
name: Vries, Helga E. De
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 4: Supplementary Fig. 4 Microarray gene expression data extracted from GEO dataset GSE38010. The expression values of the different samples from white matter from healthy controls (‘Control) or plaques from MS brains (‘Early’, ‘Active’, ‘Chronic’) are shown a) For ADM, one probe was available (202912_at) b) For SERPINE1 there were two probes available (202627_s_at and 202628_s_at) c) For STC2 there were two probes available (203438_at and 203439_s_at)
INTERSPEECH 2009 Emotion Challenge Revisited: Benchmarking 15 Years of Progress in Speech Emotion Recognition
Creators: name: Triantafyllopoulos, Andreas
name: Batliner, Anton
name: Rampp, Simon
name: Milling, Manuel
name: Schuller, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We revisit the INTERSPEECH 2009 Emotion Challenge -- the first ever speech emotion recognition (SER) challenge -- and evaluate a series of deep learning models that are representative of the major advances in SER research in the time since then. We start by training each model using a fixed set of hyperparameters, and further fine-tune the best-performing models of that initial setup with a grid search. Results are always reported on the official test set with a separate validation set only used for early stopping. Most models score below or close to the official baseline, while they marginally outperform the original challenge winners after hyperparameter tuning. Our work illustrates that, despite recent progress, FAU-AIBO remains a very challenging benchmark. An interesting corollary is that newer methods do not consistently outperform older ones, showing that progress towards `solving' SER is not necessarily monotonic.
description: Accepted to INTERSPEECH 2024
Additional file 1 of Burden of Staphylococcus aureus infections after orthopedic surgery in Germany
Creators: name: Fraence Hardtstock
name: Heinrich, Kirstin
name: Wilke, Thomas
name: Mueller, Sabrina
name: Yu, Holly
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Sensitivity analysis - Incidence of S. aureus infections, censored at time of death or any follow-up surgery not performed on location of the index surgery.
Radiation induced oscillatory Hall effect in high mobility GaAs/AlGaAs devices
Creators: name: Mani, R. G.
name: Narayanamurti, V.
name: von Klitzing, K.
name: Smet, J. H.
name: Johnson, W. B.
name: Umansky, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the radiation induced modification of the Hall effect in high mobility GaAs/AlGaAs devices that exhibit vanishing resistance under microwave excitation. The modification in the Hall effect upon irradiation is characterized by (a) a small reduction in the slope of the Hall resistance curve with respect to the dark value, (b) a periodic reduction in the magnitude of the Hall resistance, $R_{xy}$, that correlates with an increase in the diagonal resistance, $R_{xx}$, and (c) a Hall resistance correction that disappears as the diagonal resistance vanishes.
description: 4 pages text, 4 color figures
Job satisfaction in the public sector: A case study of the national planning office of Thailand
Creators: name: Kanchanachitra, Churnrurtai
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4410
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: The main objective of this study was to identify some characteristics of and factors related to job satisfaction of Thai government staff. A questionnaire was employed to gather the data. Two hundred respondents were selected by stratified random sampling: 156 were returned. The sample population was weighted to get the closest distribution to the population as possible. Data analysis was based on the weighted sample. To analyze the data cross tabulation, chi-square, lambda and gamma were used to test the relationship between personal factors and job satisfaction. Standardized coefficients obtained from regression analysis were used to test the relationship between personal factors and motivation factors. In addition, multiple regression analysis was utilized to test the relationship between work motivation factors and level of job satisfaction. The results of the study are summarized as follows: (1) Only two personal factors, gender and position, have significant association with job satisfaction. (2) High-grade level staff place more value on intrinsic work motivation factors. Advancement is the most important motivation factor for this group. (3) Low-grade level staff puts more value on extrinsic work motivation factors. Job security is the most important motivation factor for this group. (4) Professional position employees place more value on extrinsic work motivation factors with the most important factor being the relationship with their supervisor. (5) Non-Professional position staff place more value on extrinsic work motivation factors with job security indicated as the most important factor. (6) Males value intrinsic work motivation factors more with work autonomy being the most important factor. (7) Females place more value on extrinsic work motivation factors with job security being the most important factor. (8) Intrinsic work motivation factors have greater impact on job satisfaction than extrinsic work motivation factors for every group of employees. (9) Low-grade staff were found to be more satisfied than the high-grade levels, non-professionals more satisfied than professionals, males more satisfied than females, male professionals more satisfied than female professionals, and female non-professionals more satisfied than male non-professionals. Study findings suggested that intrinsic factors create more job satisfaction than extrinsic factors, however, to ensure overall satisfaction of the employees, both intrinsic and extrinsic factors have to be present.
Spin-lattice coupling effects in the Holstein double-exchange model
Creators: name: Weisse, Alexander
name: Fehske, Holger
name: Ihle, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the Holstein double-exchange model and a highly efficient single cluster Monte Carlo approach we study the interplay of double-exchange and polaron effects in doped colossal magneto-resistance (CMR) manganites. The CMR transition is shown to be appreciably influenced by lattice polaron formation.
description: 2 pages, 2 figures, submitted to SCES'04
Relativistic ionization with intense linearly polarized light
Creators: name: Crawford, Douglas Plummer
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
classificationCode: 5102
subject: Atomic, molecular and optical physics

description: The Strong Field Approximation (SFA) method is used to derive relativistic ionization rate expressions for ground state hydrogen-like atoms in the presence of an intense electromagnetic field. The emitted particle, which is initially bound to a hydrogen nucleus, is either an electron described by the Dirac equation, with spin effects fully included, or a spinless "electron" described by the Klein-Gordon equation. The derivations and subsequent calculations for both particles are made assuming a linearly polarized electromagnetic field which is monochromatic and which exhibits neither diffraction nor temporal dependence. From each of the relativistic ionization rate expressions, the corresponding expression in the nonrelativistic limit is derived. The resultant expressions are found to be equivalent to those derived using the SFA with the nonrelativistic formalism. This comparison provides the first check of the validity for the core results of this dissertation. Intensity-dependent ionization rates are then calculated for two ultraviolet frequencies using a numerical implementation of the derived expressions. Calculations of ionization rates and related phenomena demonstrate that there are negligible differences between relativistic and nonrelativistic predictions for low intensities. In addition, the differences in behavior between linearly and circularly polarized ionizing fields and between particles with and without spin are explored. The spin comparisons provide additional confidence in the derivations by showing negligible differences between ionization rates for Dirac and Klein-Gordon particles in strong linearly-polarized fields. Also of interest are the differential transition rates which exhibit dynamic profiles as the intensity is increased. This behavior is interpreted as an indication of more atomic influence for linearly polarized electromagnetic (em) fields than for circularly polarized em fields.
A Toy Model for the Electromagnetic Output of Neutron-star Merger Prompt Collapse to a Black Hole: Magnetized Neutron-star Collisions
Creators: name: Nathanail, Antonios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic study of magnetised neutron star head on collisions. We investigate the resulting magnetic field geometries as the two neutron stars merge. Furthermore, we analyze the luminosity produced in these collisions and monitor the evolution of the magnetic fields from the time of merger until the subsequent production of a black hole. At the time of black hole formation the luminosity peaks and rings-down following the decay of the electromagnetic fields. A comparison is presented for three different cases, one where the initial magnetic field in both neutron stars is aligned, one where they are anti-aligned and also one case where they initially have unequal magnetic field strength. We identify regions and set limits so that pair creation and magnetic reconnection would occur in this scenario, and further discuss limits and differences in the radiated energy. This study should be regarded as a toy model of the case where the remnant, of a binary neutron star merger, undergoes a prompt collapse to a black hole with a negligible surrounding disk. We note that the generated electromagnetic pulses resembles the fast radio bursts phenomenology. We consider implications on the high mass mergers leading to a fast prompt collapse to a black hole and the expected flux to be observed at a distance similar to the binary neutron star gravitational wave detection GW190425.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, ApJ accepted
Relativistic ionization with intense linearly polarized light
Creators: name: Crawford, Douglas Plummer
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The Strong Field Approximation (SFA) method is used to derive relativistic ionization rate expressions for ground state hydrogen-like atoms in the presence of an intense electromagnetic field. The emitted particle, which is initially bound to a hydrogen nucleus, is either an electron described by the Dirac equation, with spin effects fully included, or a spinless "electron" described by the Klein-Gordon equation. The derivations and subsequent calculations for both particles are made assuming a linearly polarized electromagnetic field which is monochromatic and which exhibits neither diffraction nor temporal dependence. From each of the relativistic ionization rate expressions, the corresponding expression in the nonrelativistic limit is derived. The resultant expressions are found to be equivalent to those derived using the SFA with the nonrelativistic formalism. This comparison provides the first check of the validity for the core results of this dissertation. Intensity-dependent ionization rates are then calculated for two ultraviolet frequencies using a numerical implementation of the derived expressions. Calculations of ionization rates and related phenomena demonstrate that there are negligible differences between relativistic and nonrelativistic predictions for low intensities. In addition, the differences in behavior between linearly and circularly polarized ionizing fields and between particles with and without spin are explored. The spin comparisons provide additional confidence in the derivations by showing negligible differences between ionization rates for Dirac and Klein-Gordon particles in strong linearly-polarized fields. Also of interest are the differential transition rates which exhibit dynamic profiles as the intensity is increased. This behavior is interpreted as an indication of more atomic influence for linearly polarized electromagnetic (em) fields than for circularly polarized em fields.
Linear and Fisher Separability of Random Points in the d-dimensional Spherical Layer
Creators: name: Sidorov, Sergey
name: Zolotykh, Nikolai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Stochastic separation theorems play important role in high-dimensional data analysis and machine learning. It turns out that in high dimension any point of a random set of points can be separated from other points by a hyperplane with high probability even if the number of points is exponential in terms of dimension. This and similar facts can be used for constructing correctors for artificial intelligent systems, for determining an intrinsic dimension of data and for explaining various natural intelligence phenomena. In this paper, we refine the estimations for the number of points and for the probability in stochastic separation theorems, thereby strengthening some results obtained earlier. We propose the boundaries for linear and Fisher separability, when the points are drawn randomly, independently and uniformly from a $d$-dimensional spherical layer. These results allow us to better outline the applicability limits of the stochastic separation theorems in applications.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures IJCNN 2020 Accepted
Defect formation in the early universe
Creators: name: Rajantie, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological defects are common in many everyday systems. In general, they appear if a symmetry is broken at a rapid phase transition. In this article, I explain why it is believed that they should have also been formed in the early universe and how that would have happened. If topological defects are found, this will provide a way to study observationally the first fractions of a second after the Big Bang, but their apparent absence can also tell us many things about the early universe.
description: 26 pages, 10 figures. Updated to match the version published in Contemporary Physics (http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/link.asp?id=dcvj45hv41kr7xf7)
Gender and crisis: Women's employment patterns during the Great Depression
Creators: name: Mutari, Ellen Macdonald
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The impact of the secular increase in women's labor force participation and attachment on the cyclical sensitivity of their employment has been the subject of several studies focusing on the post-war period. Empirical research has found increased substitution of women for men during contemporary economic restructuring. This historical study extends the analysis by considering an earlier period of economic restructuring, the 1920s and 1930s, in order to provide insight into the role of gender in the restructuring process. To overcome the limitations imposed by the lack of a national data set with employment by gender during this period, this research uses state-level establishment data from New York and Ohio (representing mature versus dynamic industrial sectors). Decomposition and regression models developed within literature on post-World War II business cycles are used to analyze how women's employment was affected by economic fluctuations before and during the Great Depression. In both states, working women's segmentation into industries which were less hard hit by the Great Depression confined their employment losses. In Ohio, the decomposition also indicates substitution toward female labor in response to contractions during the 1920s; in New York, women functioned as cyclical reserves. These results imply a link between gender substitution and economic restructuring, especially since the Ohio economy consisted of relatively dynamic industries. Rather than confirming the prediction that women are being newly incorporated as a latent reserve, this historical comparison suggests that periods of economic restructuring are also periods of reconstituting gender. Patterns of gender segmentation which are ordinarily quite rigid may be redefined during the political, social, and cultural upheaval that accompanies economic restructuring--both historically and contemporarily. Thus, although the form of gender segmentation has varied historically, it does not appear that gender is "withering away" as an economic category.
Gender and crisis: Women's employment patterns during the Great Depression
Creators: name: Mutari, Ellen Macdonald
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: The impact of the secular increase in women's labor force participation and attachment on the cyclical sensitivity of their employment has been the subject of several studies focusing on the post-war period. Empirical research has found increased substitution of women for men during contemporary economic restructuring. This historical study extends the analysis by considering an earlier period of economic restructuring, the 1920s and 1930s, in order to provide insight into the role of gender in the restructuring process. To overcome the limitations imposed by the lack of a national data set with employment by gender during this period, this research uses state-level establishment data from New York and Ohio (representing mature versus dynamic industrial sectors). Decomposition and regression models developed within literature on post-World War II business cycles are used to analyze how women's employment was affected by economic fluctuations before and during the Great Depression. In both states, working women's segmentation into industries which were less hard hit by the Great Depression confined their employment losses. In Ohio, the decomposition also indicates substitution toward female labor in response to contractions during the 1920s; in New York, women functioned as cyclical reserves. These results imply a link between gender substitution and economic restructuring, especially since the Ohio economy consisted of relatively dynamic industries. Rather than confirming the prediction that women are being newly incorporated as a latent reserve, this historical comparison suggests that periods of economic restructuring are also periods of reconstituting gender. Patterns of gender segmentation which are ordinarily quite rigid may be redefined during the political, social, and cultural upheaval that accompanies economic restructuring--both historically and contemporarily. Thus, although the form of gender segmentation has varied historically, it does not appear that gender is "withering away" as an economic category.
A path to confine gluons and fermions through complex gauge theory
Creators: name: Amaral, R. L. P. G.
name: Lemes, V. E. R.
name: Ventura, O. S.
name: Vilar, L. C. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduced here the study of a QCD based on a complex group. Our aim is to show that a gauge theory with a complex symmetry develops some of the features required for the description of a confined phase. This theory leads to gluons with propagations characteristic of i-particles, fundamental constituents of propagators in the Gribov scenario, together with a gluon propagating with the mode predicted by 't Hooft for the quark confinement. In this way, we present in this same theory a possible gluon condensate, together with a confining interquark potential after the coupling to fermions. This is a novelty, as, up to now, all theories of the GZ kind do not generate quark confinement.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 9 of Rule-based meta-analysis reveals the major role of PB2 in influencing influenza A virus virulence in mice
Creators: name: Ivan, Fransiskus Xaverius
name: Kwoh, Chee Keong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 9: Table S5. Mutant and reassortant IAVs generated in this study.
The economic participation of the women in rural Roodsar in Iran and power within the conjugal relation
Creators: name: Shahriari, Helen Zahra
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4410
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This thesis examines female power and autonomy in the Roodsar region of the Iranian province of Gillan. It begins with a critical examination of the "Indian debate", which discusses the phenomenon of women's subordination and their relative welfare in relation to "material" conditions and to aspects of "culture.". The thesis examines patriarchy, Islam, and role of the state, as other possible forces shaping women's lives. The key role of Islam and the association often made between Islam and patriarchy as well as the extent to which the State influences gender relations are the underlying reasons for discussing these forces. Then, drawing on various feminist writings on the nature of intra-household and especially conjugal relations, the thesis begins to examine the area of gender relations. The notions of "autonomy" and "power" are discussed and distinctions are drawn between them. The empirical part is based on an in-depth qualitative investigation of the Roodsar region. A case study was conducted and information was gathered through semi-structured interviews and participant observation. Certain structured questions relating to age, number of children, and ownership patterns were asked in these interviews. To explore gender relations, open-ended questions were used to allow the respondents to elaborate on their responses as they felt necessary. This was done to avoid imposing any category on the respondents. The villages within the region were chosen randomly, while the women who were interviewed in each village were selected based on their willingness to participate. Purposive sampling, therefore, was used to select respondents. The areas being explored, including women's relative control over household resources (cash, labor), their ownership and control of property, their control over their own labor power and body, and their decision-making powers, are examined in the context of the agrarian economy. Background information on the gender relations in this region, mostly consisting of ownership patterns and the division of labor, is given to set the stage for the empirical part of the thesis. A descriptive account is given of these relations at the present time which follows with the analysis. The analysis concludes that any single indicator used to explain women's subordination and their relative power within the household is unlikely to capture the real complexities that characterize gender relations. To understand these relations properly, we have to look at the society as a whole, including prevailing socio-economic and cultural conditions as well as the role of the state in which these relations play a part. There are a web of different factors shaping gender relations, and each of these factors are only a part of that whole.
Enrolment-based personalisation for improving individual-level fairness in speech emotion recognition
Creators: name: Triantafyllopoulos, Andreas
name: Schuller, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The expression of emotion is highly individualistic. However, contemporary speech emotion recognition (SER) systems typically rely on population-level models that adopt a `one-size-fits-all' approach for predicting emotion. Moreover, standard evaluation practices measure performance also on the population level, thus failing to characterise how models work across different speakers. In the present contribution, we present a new method for capitalising on individual differences to adapt an SER model to each new speaker using a minimal set of enrolment utterances. In addition, we present novel evaluation schemes for measuring fairness across different speakers. Our findings show that aggregated evaluation metrics may obfuscate fairness issues on the individual-level, which are uncovered by our evaluation, and that our proposed method can improve performance both in aggregated and disaggregated terms.
description: Accepted to INTERSPEECH 2024
The economic participation of the women in rural Roodsar in Iran and power within the conjugal relation
Creators: name: Shahriari, Helen Zahra
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This thesis examines female power and autonomy in the Roodsar region of the Iranian province of Gillan. It begins with a critical examination of the "Indian debate", which discusses the phenomenon of women's subordination and their relative welfare in relation to "material" conditions and to aspects of "culture.". The thesis examines patriarchy, Islam, and role of the state, as other possible forces shaping women's lives. The key role of Islam and the association often made between Islam and patriarchy as well as the extent to which the State influences gender relations are the underlying reasons for discussing these forces. Then, drawing on various feminist writings on the nature of intra-household and especially conjugal relations, the thesis begins to examine the area of gender relations. The notions of "autonomy" and "power" are discussed and distinctions are drawn between them. The empirical part is based on an in-depth qualitative investigation of the Roodsar region. A case study was conducted and information was gathered through semi-structured interviews and participant observation. Certain structured questions relating to age, number of children, and ownership patterns were asked in these interviews. To explore gender relations, open-ended questions were used to allow the respondents to elaborate on their responses as they felt necessary. This was done to avoid imposing any category on the respondents. The villages within the region were chosen randomly, while the women who were interviewed in each village were selected based on their willingness to participate. Purposive sampling, therefore, was used to select respondents. The areas being explored, including women's relative control over household resources (cash, labor), their ownership and control of property, their control over their own labor power and body, and their decision-making powers, are examined in the context of the agrarian economy. Background information on the gender relations in this region, mostly consisting of ownership patterns and the division of labor, is given to set the stage for the empirical part of the thesis. A descriptive account is given of these relations at the present time which follows with the analysis. The analysis concludes that any single indicator used to explain women's subordination and their relative power within the household is unlikely to capture the real complexities that characterize gender relations. To understand these relations properly, we have to look at the society as a whole, including prevailing socio-economic and cultural conditions as well as the role of the state in which these relations play a part. There are a web of different factors shaping gender relations, and each of these factors are only a part of that whole.
Additional file 2 of Altered secretory and neuroprotective function of the choroid plexus in progressive multiple sclerosis
Creators: name: Sabela Rodríguez-Lorenzo
name: Francisco, David Miguel Ferreira
name: Vos, Ricardo
name: Hof, Bert Van Het
name: Rijnsburger, Merel
name: Schroten, Horst
name: Ishikawa, Hiroshi
name: Beaino, Wissam
name: Bruggmann, Rémy
name: Kooij, Gijs
name: Vries, Helga E. De
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Fig. 2 Hypoxia responses in human CP explants. aHIF1A and HIF1A-AS3 difference in relative gene expression between human postmortem CP paired samples from each donor (n = 6) incubated 24 h in hypoxia (1% O2) or normoxia (20% O2) analyzed using qPCR. Data are normalised to 18 s rRNA. Results are displayed as the negative difference in ct values between hypoxia and normoxia (represented as -ΔΔct) and presented as median with confidence interval. Differences were tested by paired two-tailed Welch t-test.
A Small-Scale Investigation of Molecular Emission toward the Tip of the Western Lobe of W50/SS433
Creators: name: Liu, Qian-Cheng
name: Chen, Yang
name: Zhou, Ping
name: Zhang, Xiao
name: Jiang, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a molecular (CO and CN) line observation using IRAM 30m telescope toward two small regions near the western edge of supernova remnant (SNR) W50/SS433. CO observation reveals spatial correspondence of two molecular clumps at the local-standard-of-rest (LSR) velocity around +53 km s$^{-1}$ with multiwavelength local features of W50/SS433 system. One of the two clumps appears to be embedded in a void of diffuse radio and X-ray emission. Toward the two clumps, asymmetric broad line profiles of the $^{12}$CO lines are obtained, which provide kinematic evidence of the association between the clumps and the jet-related gas. The $^{12}$CO $J=2-1$/$J=1-0$ line ratios ($> 0.9$) and the kinetic temperatures ($\sim 30$ K) of the clumps are distinctively higher than all those of the clumps at other LSR velocities along the same line of sight, which may be physical signatures of the association. We show that the clump coincident with the void can survive the thermal heating if it is surrounded by hot gas, with an evaporation timescale much larger than the age of SNR W50. We also show that the thermal equilibrium in the high temperature clumps can be maintained by the heating of the penetrating environmental CRs. CN ($J=3/1-1/2$) line emission is detected in the two clumps, and the CN abundances derived are much higher than that in the interstellar molecular clouds (MCs) and that in the SNR-interacting MCs.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables. Published to the Astrophysical Journal