cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Deep HST Imaging of Sextans A. III. The Star Formation History
Creators: name: Dolphin, Andrew E.
name: Saha, A.
name: Skillman, Evan D.
name: Dohm-Palmer, R. C.
name: Tolstoy, Eline
name: Cole, A. A.
name: Gallagher, J. S.
name: Hoessel, J. G.
name: Mateo, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a measurement of the star formation history of Sextans A, based on WFPC2 photometry that is 50% complete to V=27.5 (M_V ~+ 1.9) and I=27.0. The star formation history and chemical enrichment history have been measured through modeling of the CMD. We find evidence for increased reddening in the youngest stellar populations and an intrinsic metallicity spread at all ages. Sextans A has been actively forming stars at a high rate for ~ 2.5 Gyr ago, with an increased rate beginning ~ 0.1 Gyr ago. We find a non-zero number of stars older than 2.5 Gyr, due to the limited depth of the photometry, a detailed star formation history at intermediate and older ages has considerable uncertainties. The mean metallicity was found to be [M/H] ~- 1.4 over the measured history of the galaxy, with most of the enrichment happening at ages of at least 10 Gyr. We also find that an rms metallicity spread of 0.15 dex at all ages allows the best fits to the observed CMD. We revisit our determination of the recent star formation history (age <= 0.7 Gyr) using BHeB stars and find good agreement for all but the last 25 Myr, a discrepancy resulting primarily from different distances used in the two analyses and the differential extinction in the youngest populations. This indicates that star formation histories determined solely from BHeB stars should be confined to CMD regions where no contamination from reddened MS stars is present.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures accepted for publication in Astronomical Journal
The Railroad Industry's Cooperative Public Relations Program, June, 1946 - June, 1956
Creators: name: Morgret, Charles O.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The cooperative public relations program of the railroad industry began, as an activity of the Association of American Railroads, in June, 1936. The first decade of that program, covering the period to June, 1946, is described in Public Relations and the Railroads, published by the Association of AMerican Railroads in August, 1946. The second decade, covering the period June, 1946, to June, 1956, is the subject of this thesis.
Classical and Quantum Strings in compactified pp-waves and Godel type Universes
Creators: name: Brace, Daniel
name: Herdeiro, Carlos A. R.
name: Hirano, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider Neveu-Schwarz pp-waves with spacetime supersymmetry. Upon compactification of a spacelike direction, these backgrounds develop Closed Null Curves (CNCs) and Closed Timelike Curves (CTCs), and are U-dual to supersymmetric Godel type universes. We study classical and quantum strings in this background, with emphasis on the strings winding around the compact direction. We consider two types of strings: long strings stabilized by NS flux and rotating strings which are stabilized against collapse by angular momentum. Some of the latter strings wrap around CNCs and CTCs, and are thus a potential source of pathology. We analyze the partition function, and in particular discuss the effects of these string states. Although our results are not conclusive, the partition function seems to be dramatically altered due to the presence of CNCs and CTCs. We discuss some interpretations of our results, including a possible sign of unitary violation.
description: 42 pages, LaTeX, 2 figures
Effects on Activity Outcomes of an e-Health Smartphone Intervention to Reduce Office Workers' Sitting Time
Creators: name: Morris, Abigail
name: Mackintosh, Kelly
name: Dunstan, David
name: Owen, Neville
name: Dempsey, Paddy
name: Pennington, Thomas
name: McNarry, Melitta
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2022

description: Background: Occupational sedentary time is the largest contributor to total weekday sitting time among office workers. Purpose: This feasibility study evaluated the effects of an individual-level intervention to target office workers total and prolonged sedentary behaviour during working hours, using an e-health smartphone application. Methods: A three-arm (Prompt-30 or 60 min Intervention arm and a No-Prompt Comparison arm), quasi-randomised intervention was conducted over 12 weeks. Behavioural outcomes (worktime sitting, standing, stepping, prolonged sitting, and physical activity) were monitored using accelerometers and anthropometrics measured at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks. Cardiometabolic measures were taken at baseline and 12 weeks. Results: Fifty-six office workers (64% female) completed baseline assessments. The Prompt-60 arm was associated with a reduction in occupational sitting time at 6 (-46.8 min/8 h workday [95% confidence interval = -86.4, -6.6], p < 0.05) and 12 weeks (-69.6 min/8 h workday [-111.0, -28.2], p < 0.05) relative to the No-Prompt Comparison arm. Sitting was primarily replaced with standing in both arms (p > 0.05). Both Intervention arms reduced time in prolonged sitting bouts at 12 weeks (Prompt-30: -27.0 [-99.0, 45.0]; Prompt-60: -25.8 [-98.4, 47.4] min/8 h workday; both p > 0.05). There were no changes in steps or cardiometabolic risk. Conclusions: Findings highlight the potential of a smartphone e-health application, suggesting 60 min prompts may present an optimal frequency to reduce total occupational sedentary behaviour. Funding: Get a Move On Network+, EPSRC, Grant Number EP/N027799/1.
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress
Influência de conteúdos sistematizados da educação física na coordenação motora de crianças na primeira infância
Creators: name: Aparecida Da Silva, Siomara
name: Milagres Da Silva, César
name: De Castro Campos Velten, Marcella
Publisher: name: Motricidade
Year: 2021

description: Práticas motoras devem proporcionar às crianças a aquisição dos padrões maduros das habilidades fundamentais, mas a Educação Física escolar não parece oferecer estímulos suficientes. O objetivo foi investigar o efeito de aulas sistematizadas na coordenação motora de pré-escolares. O nível coordenativo de 84 crianças de quatro a cinco anos foi avaliado através da bateria de testes KTK, antes e após dois distintos programas de atividades motoras – aulas regulares de Educação Física de professores regentes (GC) e intervenção baseada na abordagem desenvolvimentista (GE). Comparamos as pontuações das tarefas entre os grupos para cada momento; entre pré e pós-teste para cada grupo; analisamos os tamanhos dos efeitos; e efetuamos análises posteriores segmentadas por sexo e por idade. Ambos os grupos melhoraram significativamente em todas as tarefas. No pós-teste, GE apresentou valores superiores aos de GC para uma tarefa apenas, mas obteve efeitos maiores para todas as tarefas. Os resultados segmentados não diferiram quanto ao efeito das intervenções em relação ao sexo, mas indicaram que crianças mais jovens possam ser particularmente sensíveis a tais intervenções. Discutimos a relevância da aplicação de conteúdos sistematizados, variados, com dificuldade progressiva, e compatível com a faixa etária para um adequado desenvolmimento da coordenação motora de pré-escolares.
description: Motricidade, Vol. 17 (2021): Motricidade
Co-production at work: The process of breaking up sitting time
Creators: name: Griffiths, Thomas
name: Crone, Diane
name: Stembridge, Mike
name: Lord, Rachel
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2022

description: Background: Prolonged sitting has harmful effects on cardiovascular disease biomarkers, independent of physical activity (PA). Current workplace PA interventions to overcome this have poor uptake and adherence. Co-production attempts to improve the translation of evidence to practice through engaging the participants within the intervention design, improving context sensitivity and acceptability of the intervention. Purpose: Co-produce a contextually sensitive PA workplace intervention focused on breaking up sitting time. Methods: Initial ‘needs analysis’ was conducted to gather a scope on current PA and sitting engagement as well as attitudes on PA to break up sitting time in office-based workers (n=157). A development group (n=11) were presented with the findings and a feasible intervention was co-produced through consultations in focus groups and reflective practices, before being piloted. The development group met following the pilot, to feedback and refine the intervention. Results: 1.8% reported engaging in occupational PA, and 68.7% reported sitting for 6+ hours during their working day. An intervention encompassing breaking up sitting time hourly with five-minute walking breaks was co-produced, resulting in the frequency of breaks from being sedentary increasing from 2 to 11 in week two. Conclusions: ‘Needs analysis’ highlighted cultural and pragmatic issues regarding the impact on “work flow” and frequency of the PA breaks. A co-production approach enabled the opportunity for a unique research and stakeholder guided compromise. Subsequent work is required before conclusions on feasibility and effectiveness can be made. Funding: First author is a KESS 2 funded PhD student.
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress
Sitting Behaviour whilst working from home: how much sitting, and how can we reduce it?
Creators: name: Niven, Ailsa
name: Coral Almeida, Eva
name: Baker, Graham
name: Fawkner, Samantha
name: Jepson, Ruth
name: Nightingale, Glenna
name: Sivaramakrishnan, Divya
name: Fitzsimons, Claire
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2022

description: Background: There is strong evidence that sedentary behaviour has adverse health consequences, and occupational sitting makes a large contribution to daily sedentary time. In the UK, Covid-19 restrictions have meant that significant proportions of the working population have been required to work from home. It is probable that working from home will have resulted in an increase in the occupational sitting of many workers, as they may sit at screens for longer; have more on-line meetings; no longer commute to and from work and meetings; and have fewer occupational reasons for leaving their workspace. To date, there is a dearth of research focusing on occupational sitting in the home environment. Purpose: To assess occupational sitting behaviour whilst working at home, and use the Capability Opportunity Motivation- Behaviour (COM-B) theory to identify the factors that are perceived to be most influential on worker’s ability to reduce the time they spend sitting. These findings will be used to inform intervention strategies. Methods: University staff (n=332; 73% female) who were predominantly working from home (M=95.6; SD=14.6 % of working week) completed an online questionnaire that included the Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire (OSPAQ), and a 7-item COM-B questionnaire to assess perceived influences on ability and willingness to reduce time spent sitting whilst working from home on a 10-point scale (strongly disagree-strongly agree). OSPAQ data were analysed descriptively, and a repeated measures ANOVA with post-hoc paired sample t-tests (with Bonferroni correction) and Cohen’s d calculations were undertaken to determine differences between the scores on the COM-B items. Results: Staff spent on average 89% (395 minutes/day) of their time sitting whilst working at home. There were significant and meaningful differences in the perceived influences on worker’s ability and willingness to reduce their sitting behaviour (p
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress
Cardiorespiratory fitness in occupational groups — trends over 20 years and forecasting of future trends
Creators: name: Väisänen, Daniel
name: Kallings, Lena
name: Andersson, Gunnar
name: Wallin, Peter
name: Hemmingsson, Erik
name: Ekblom-Bak, Elin
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2022

description: Background: Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong, independent predictor for chronic disease risk as well as lower work capacity. However, trend analyses of CRF in relation to different occupational groups are missing. Purpose: To study trends in CRF during the last 20 years and forecast possible future trends in different occupational groups of the Swedish working population. Methods: Data from 516,122 health profile assessments performed in occupational health screening between 2001 to 2020 was included. CRF was assessed as maximal oxygen consumption and estimated from a submaximal cycling test. Analyses include CRF as a weighted average per five-year period in 12 different occupational groups, and standardized proportions with low CRF (<32 ml/kg/min) in four aggregated occupational categories (white- and blue-collar, as well as low- and high-skilled). Also, adjusted annual change in CRF in the total population as well as by sex and age-group, also a forecast of future trends in CRF until 2040, are presented. Results: The largest decrease in both absolute and relative CRF were seen for Admin and customer service (-10.1% and -9.4%), Mechanical manufacturing (-6.5% and -7.8%) and Education (-4.8% and -7.3%) occupations. The greatest annual decrease was seen in Transport occupations (-1.62 ml/kg/min, 95% CI -0.190 to -0.134). Men and younger individuals (18-34 years) had in general a more pronounced decrease in CRF. All aggregated groups had an increase in the proportion with low CRF, with the greatest increase in blue-collar and low-skilled occupations, 16% to 21% relative change. Forecast analyses predict a continued downward trend of CRF, especially in low-skilled occupations of both white- and blue-collar occupational groups. Conclusion: There was a general trend of a decreasing CRF in all occupational groups, however the trend was more pronounced in blue-collar and low-skilled occupational groups. Structural changes at the workplaces and in society are needed to stop the downward trend in CRF. Funding: This work was supported by The Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare https://forte.se/en/ (Grant no 2018-00384) and The Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation https://www.hjartlungfonden.se/HLF/Om-Hjart-lungfonden/About-HLF/ (Grant no 20180636).
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress
Additional file 1 of Association between added sugar intake and micronutrient dilution: a cross-sectional study in two adult Swedish populations
Creators: name: González-Padilla, Esther
name: Dias, Joana A.
name: Ramne, Stina
name: Olsson, Kjell
name: Nälsén, Cecilia
name: Sonestedt, Emily
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Micronutrient and energy intakes by sex across the added-sugar groups in Riksmaten Adults. Table S2. Micronutrient and energy intakes by sex across the added-sugar groups in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study.
The impact of Functional Imagery Training on adherence to treatment, completion of rehabilitation exercise plan and confidence in recovery in sports therapy patients: pilot study
Creators: name: Nedza, Karol
name: May, Jon
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2022

description: Background: Patients’ adherence to physical therapy can be as low as 50% (Silva, 2010); with many reasons why patients decide to drop out. Imagery use has been linked with rehabilitation adherence during the therapy process (Wesch et al, 2012). Purpose: This study aims to test whether Functional Imagery Training (a novel method combining elements of motivational interviewing with goal-oriented imagery) can improve adherence to the treatment, patients’ confidence of recovery and completion of the exercise plan, in comparison to treatment-as-usual (control). Methods: Twenty participants (Mage= 41.3, SD = 13.7) were randomly allocated (single-blind) to either FIT or control conditions. FIT condition received a 30-minute session at their first visit to the physical therapy clinic. All participants completed questionnaires on adherence, confidence, percentage of the weekly exercise plan completed and whether they returned for further treatment, 2 and 4 weeks after their first visit. Results: The groups differed in percentage of exercise plans completed and confidence of recovery, but there was no interaction with time. The rehabilitation adherence scale was approaching significance with the groups differing at 4 weeks. At 4 weeks more of the FIT group returned for treatment. Conclusions: FIT can be utilised as an effective method in supporting the psychological aspects of physical therapy, such as adherence to treatment, confidence of recovery and completion of the exercise plan. We also theorise that the elements of imagery and personalised goal are key in promoting the adherence to exercise plans and completing essential exercises; further support comes from other trials of FIT (Solbrig, 2018). Funding: The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress
Samytha Malmgren 1866
Creators: name: Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.
name: Carrera-Parra, Luis F.
name: Muir, Alexander I.
name: León-González, Jesús Angel De
name: Piotrowski, Christina
name: Sato, Masanori
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Terebellida
Ampharetidae
Samytha

description: Samytha Malmgren, 1866 hesslei Caullery, 1944a: Java. NML 1581 heterobranchia Caullery, 1944a: NW Kepulauan Aru, Indonesia. NML 1576, 1745
description: Published as part of Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., Carrera-Parra, Luis F., Muir, Alexander I., León-González, Jesús Angel De, Piotrowski, Christina & Sato, Masanori, 2014, Polychaete species (Annelida) described from the Philippine and China Seas, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 3842 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3842.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4928482
Tests of CPT invariance in gravitational waves with LIGO-Virgo catalog GWTC-1
Creators: name: Wang, Sai
name: Zhao, Zhi-Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A discovery of gravitational waves from binary black holes raises a possibility that measurements of them can provide strict tests of CPT invariance in gravitational waves. When CPT violation exists, if any, gravitational waves with different circular polarizations could gain a slight difference in propagating speeds. Hence, the birefringence of gravitational waves is induced and there should be a rotation of plus and cross modes. For CPT-violating dispersion relation ${ω^{2}=k^{2}}$ ${\pm 2ζk^{3}}$, where a sign ${\pm}$ denotes different circular polarizations, we find no substantial deviations from CPT invariance in gravitational waves by analyzing a compilation of ten signals of binary black holes in the LIGO-Virgo catalog GWTC-1. We obtain a strict constraint on the CPT-violating parameter, i.e., $ζ=0.14^{+0.22}_{-0.31}\times10^{-15}\text{m}$, which is around two orders of magnitude better than the existing one. Therefore, this study stands for the up-to-date strictest tests of CPT invariance in gravitational waves.
description: 6 pages, 2 columns, 2 figures, 1 table. Moderate revision. To appear in EPJC
Bryan's Maximum Entropy Method -- diagnosis of a flawed argument and its remedy
Creators: name: Rothkopf, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) is a popular data analysis technique based on Bayesian inference, which has found various applications in the research literature. While the MEM itself is well-grounded in statistics, I argue that its state-of-the-art implementation, suggested originally by Bryan, artificially restricts its solution space. This restriction leads to a systematic error often unaccounted for in contemporary MEM studies. The goal of this paper is to carefully revisit Bryan's train of thought, point out its flaw in applying linear algebra arguments to an inherently nonlinear problem, and suggest possible ways to overcome it.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures, peer reviewed and published version
Unmasking the nuclear matter equation of state
Creators: name: Piekarewicz, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurately calibrated (or ``best fit'') relativistic mean-field models are used to compute the distribution of isoscalar monopole strength in 90Zr and 208Pb, and the isovector dipole strength in 208Pb using a continuum random-phase-approximation approach. It is shown that the distribution of isoscalar monopole strength in 208Pb--but not in 90Zr--is sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry energy. This sensitivity hinders the extraction of the compression modulus of symmetric nuclear matter from the isoscalar giant monopole resonance (ISGMR) in 208Pb. Thus, one relies on 90Zr, a nucleus with both a small neutron-proton asymmetry and a well developed ISGMR peak, to constrain the compression modulus of symmetric nuclear matter to the range K=(248 +/- 6) MeV. In turn, the sensitivity of the ISGMR in 208Pb to the density dependence of the symmetry energy is used to constrain its neutron skin to the range Rn-Rp<=0.22 fm. The impact of this result on the enhanced cooling of neutron stars is briefly addressed.
description: 5 pages with 4 figures
Sosane Malmgren 1866
Creators: name: Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.
name: Carrera-Parra, Luis F.
name: Muir, Alexander I.
name: León-González, Jesús Angel De
name: Piotrowski, Christina
name: Sato, Masanori
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Terebellida
Ampharetidae
Sosane

description: Sosane Malmgren, 1866 fauveli Caullery, 1944a: Banda Sea. NML 1502 procera malayensis Caullery, 1944a: Makassar Strait, Indonesia. NML wireni Caullery, 1944a: Madura Strait, Java. NML 1562
description: Published as part of Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., Carrera-Parra, Luis F., Muir, Alexander I., León-González, Jesús Angel De, Piotrowski, Christina & Sato, Masanori, 2014, Polychaete species (Annelida) described from the Philippine and China Seas, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 3842 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3842.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4928482
Cavity cooling of a single atom
Creators: name: Maunz, P.
name: Puppe, T.
name: Schuster, I.
name: Syassen, N.
name: Pinkse, P. W. H.
name: Rempe, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All conventional methods to laser-cool atoms rely on repeated cycles of optical pumping and spontaneous emission of a photon by the atom. Spontaneous emission in a random direction is the dissipative mechanism required to remove entropy from the atom. However, alternative cooling methods have been proposed for a single atom strongly coupled to a high-finesse cavity; the role of spontaneous emission is replaced by the escape of a photon from the cavity. Application of such cooling schemes would improve the performance of atom cavity systems for quantum information processing. Furthermore, as cavity cooling does not rely on spontaneous emission, it can be applied to systems that cannot be laser-cooled by conventional methods; these include molecules (which do not have a closed transition) and collective excitations of Bose condensates, which are destroyed by randomly directed recoil kicks. Here we demonstrate cavity cooling of single rubidium atoms stored in an intracavity dipole trap. The cooling mechanism results in extended storage times and improved localization of atoms. We estimate that the observed cooling rate is at least five times larger than that produced by free-space cooling methods, for comparable excitation of the atom.
Prediction of head motion from speech waveforms with a canonical-correlation-constrained autoencoder
Creators: name: Lu, JinHong
name: Shimodaira, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This study investigates the direct use of speech waveforms to predict head motion for speech-driven head-motion synthesis, whereas the use of spectral features such as MFCC as basic input features together with additional features such as energy and F0 is common in the literature. We show that, rather than combining different features that originate from waveforms, it is more effective to use waveforms directly predicting corresponding head motion. The challenge with the waveform-based approach is that waveforms contain a large amount of information irrelevant to predict head motion, which hinders the training of neural networks. To overcome the problem, we propose a canonical-correlation-constrained autoencoder (CCCAE), where hidden layers are trained to not only minimise the error but also maximise the canonical correlation with head motion. Compared with an MFCC-based system, the proposed system shows comparable performance in objective evaluation, and better performance in subject evaluation.
description: head motion synthesis, speech-driven animation, deep canonically correlated autoencoder
Role of Banks in Financing the United States Business Expansion, 1950-1955
Creators: name: Pacharapha, Thanom
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The purpose of this study is to present the role of banks, especially the commercial banks, in financing the United States business expansion for the period 1950-1955. The plan of research is also aimed at determining the role of the Federal Reserve Banks in influencing the supply of credit or money through commercial banks.Other financial institutions playing a role in supplying funds for business purposes such as savings banks and life insurance companies are also to be analyzed.
The Star Formation History of Galaxies Measured from Individual Pixels. I. The Hubble Deep Field North
Creators: name: Conti, Alberto
name: Connolly, Andrew J.
name: Hopkins, Andrew M.
name: Budavari, Tamas
name: Szalay, Alex S.
name: Csabai, Istvan
name: Schmidt, Samuel J.
name: Adams, Carla
name: Petrovic, Nada
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the photometric information contained in individual pixels of galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field North (HDFN) using a new technique, _pixel-z_, that combines predictions of evolutionary synthesis models with photometric redshift template fitting. Each spectral energy distribution template is a result of modeling of the detailed physical processes affecting gas properties and star formation efficiency. The criteria chosen to generate the SED templates is that of sampling a wide range of physical characteristics such as age, star formation rate, obscuration and metallicity. A key feature of our method is the sophisticated use of error analysis to generate error maps that define the reliability of the template fitting on pixel scales and allow for the separation of the interplay among dust, metallicity and star formation histories. This technique offers a number of advantages over traditional integrated color studies. As a first application, we derive the star formation and metallicity histories of galaxies in the HDFN. Our results show that the comoving density of star formation rate, determined from the UV luminosity density of sources in the HDFN, increases monotonically with redshift out to at least redshift of 5. This behavior can plausibly be explained by a smooth increase of the UV luminosity density with redshift coupled with an increase in the number of star forming regions as a function of redshift. We also find that the information contained in individual pixels in a galaxy can be linked to its morphological history. Finally, we derive the metal enrichment rate history of the universe and find it in good agreement with predictions based on the evolving HI content of Lyman-alpha QSO absorption line systems.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal. Full resolution figures available at http://www.stsci.edu/~aconti/pixelz.html
Examining the Effects of Exercise and Functional Imagery Training on Quality of Life in POTS: Feasibility study
Creators: name: Nedza, Karol
name: Rhodes, Jonathan
name: Turner, Carl
name: Crocker, Darren
name: May, Jon
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2022

description: Background: Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a cardiac condition impacting circulation and it is life-changing for many patients. Purpose: This feasibility study evaluates the potential for improving Quality of Life (QOL) in POTS patients with cognitive and motivational imagery combined with exercise. Methods: Participants (n=12) diagnosed with POTS were randomised into one of three groups: a wait-list control group; an exercise only group (Exercise), and Functional Imagery Training with exercise (FIT) group with the interventions lasting for six weeks. During an initial interview, participants discussed their POTS symptoms, current exercise, medications, and goals, and were measured for vividness of visual imagery (VVIQ) and QOL on the WHOQOL-BREF. After the intervention, a concluding evaluation exploring goals and again the WHOQOL-BREF was administered. Results: The scores at baseline were similar between conditions for VVIQ and each of the QOL domains. After six weeks, the control did not change across any QOL scores, but both intervention conditions did. Both experimental conditions; Exercise and FIT, improved on physical health. Uniquely, the FIT group improved on psychological health and furthermore during evaluations reported higher adherence to exercise and lower reliance on medication. Conclusions: We suggest that goal centred motivational imagery coupled with other interdisciplinary methods including exercise is an effective method to improve the QOL in POTS. We propose that this interdisciplinary method should be investigated in long-term clinical trials. Funding: The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress
Tanseumaruana Imajima, Reuscher & Fiege 2013
Creators: name: Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.
name: Carrera-Parra, Luis F.
name: Muir, Alexander I.
name: León-González, Jesús Angel De
name: Piotrowski, Christina
name: Sato, Masanori
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Terebellida
Ampharetidae
Tanseumaruana

description: Tanseumaruana Imajima, Reuscher & Fiege, 2013 boninensis Imajima, Reuscher & Fiege, 2013: Chichijima, Bonin Islands, Japan. NSMT 561
description: Published as part of Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., Carrera-Parra, Luis F., Muir, Alexander I., León-González, Jesús Angel De, Piotrowski, Christina & Sato, Masanori, 2014, Polychaete species (Annelida) described from the Philippine and China Seas, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 3842 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3842.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4928482
The relation between accelerometer-derived physical activity and brain structure: A population-based study
Creators: name: Fox, Fabienne
name: Diers, Kersten
name: Lee, Hweeling
name: Reuter, Martin
name: Breteler, Monique
name: Aziz, Ahmad
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2022

description: Background: Physical activity (PA) promotes neuroplasticity in animals, but human studies examining the relation between PA and brain health are inconclusive. Purpose: To assess whether PA is associated with brain structure in a large cohort study. Methods: Analyses were based on cross-sectional baseline data of 2,649 participants (57.6% female; mean age: 54.7 years, range: 30–94 years) with valid PA and MRI measurements of the Rhineland Study, a prospective cohort study in Bonn (Germany). Metabolic equivalent (MET)-hours, step counts and minutes as well as sedentary, light-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous activities were recorded over 7 days with accelerometers. Brain volumetric and cortical thickness measures were obtained from 3T MRI scans using FreeSurfer. The relation of PA (predictor) and brain structure (outcome) was examined with multivariable regression, while adjusting for age, sex, education, intracranial volume and smoking. Results: MET-hours were associated with greater grey matter volume and precentral thickness. Whereas total brain and grey matter volume increased with more light-intensity activities (Figure 1A), lateral-occipital thickness decreased (Figure 1B). With increasing age, light-intensity activities displayed a stronger effect on total brain volume, but a weaker effect on lateral-occipital volume (Figure 1C&D). In vertex-wise analysis, PA was associated with larger cortical thickness in frontal and temporal areas, but lower thickness in parietal and occipital areas. Conclusions: PA showed a non-uniform association with several volumetric and cortical thickness measures. It may particularly benefit motor regions and contribute to preventing age-associated brain atrophy. Funding: This study was supported by DZNE institutional funds.
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress
Computability of finite quotients of finitely generated groups
Creators: name: Rauzy, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E26

description: We study systematically groups whose marked finite quotients form a recursive set. We give several definitions, and prove basic properties of this class of groups, and in particular emphasize the link between the growth of the depth function and solvability of the word problem. We give examples of infinitely presented groups whose finite quotients can be effectively enumerated. Finally, our main result is that a residually finite group can be even not recursively presented and still have computable finite quotients, and that, on the other hand, it can have solvable word problem while still not having computable finite quotients.
description: 23 pages, 0 figure. Improved version, Problem 12 was in fact already solved
Associations between device-measured physical activity and incident dementia: a prospective study
Creators: name: Petermann-Rocha, Fanny
name: Lyall, Donald
name: Gray, Stuart
name: Gill, Jason
name: Satttar, Naveed
name: Welsh, Paul
name: Quinn, Terence
name: Stewart, William
name: Pell, Jill
name: Ho, Frederick
name: Celis-Morales, Carlos
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2022

description: Background: Previous cohort studies have investigated the relationship between self-reported physical activity (PA) and dementia. Evidence from objective device-measured PA data is lacking. Purpose: To investigate the association of device-measured PA with the risk of dementia incidence using the UK Biobank study. Methods: 84,854 participants (55.8% women) were included in this prospective cohort study. Wrist accelerometers were used to measure total, light, moderate, vigorous and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) in MET/min/week. Nonlinear associations were first investigated using penalised cubic splines fitted in the Cox proportional hazard models. In addition, using MVPA, five categories were created. Associations of these categories with the outcomes were investigated using Cox proportional hazard models. Results: After a median follow-up of 6.3 years, 678 individuals were diagnosed with dementia. Evidence of nonlinearity was observed for all PA modes and all-cause dementia. For categories of MVPA, there was a significant trend towards a low risk of overall dementia when higher levels of MVPA were achieved (HRtrend: 0.66 [95% CI: 0.62 to 0.70]. Individuals who performed more than 1,200 MET/min/week had 84% (95% CI: 0.12 to 0.21) lower risk of incident dementia compared to those who performed <300 MET/min/week. Conclusion: Participants with higher PA levels had a lower risk of incident dementia than those less active, independently of confounding factors. Funding: None.
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress
title: Parameter Optimization of Conceptual Hydrological Models
Creators: name: Eeles, Charles William Owen
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1995

description: The form of modelling used in this research for the simulation of the rainfall/runoff regime of catchment areas by mathematical models is of particular importance to civil engineers in the building of dams, river bridges and other works affected by high and low flows in rivers and streams. The parametric conceptual models can also be used in the management of water resources and as a basis for the assessment of long term risks associated with water storage and transmission of supplies. The objectives of this research are to examine the problems arising from the conceptual modelling of catchment areas with large data sets, and the effective determination of model parameters using gradient and non-gradient optimization techniques in the field of hydrology. A simple model package was developed from the application and modification of ideas current at the time which allowed a good fit to observed hydrographs to be achieved with the input of rainfall data and data for an evaporation loss function. Nine parameters were available for optimization in this model. The practical demand for the assessment of land use and its variations on catchment water yield led to the development of a more complex model with thirty five parameters based on the latest vegetation process studies. One of the first modifications was to the criterion for convergence where it was changed from the rate of change of parameter values to that of the model coefficient of determination or efficiency of fit. The least squares objective function was investigated, and retained for model explained variance. However, for parameters involved in the simulation of base flows it was found to be more effective to use a proportional function, whilst for intense storm events an eighth power function exaggerated the information available in the data for determination of surface runoff parameters. The models employ an input data 'overlay' technique which allowed the use of large data sets running over many years. The simulation results from land use changes with large data sets from the highlands of Scotland, a clay catchment in Buckinghamshire and montane rain forest in Kenya are compared and contrasted for both models. The results for these catchments using gradient and non-gradient optimization algorithms are also examined, including the use of a genetic algorithm, and recommendations made for the values of algorithm parameters. Hybridized algorithms are developed and tested. A combination of the Rosenbrock and Nelder and Mead Simplex techniques was found to be an efficient hybrid; particularly with the land use model.
Can two chaotic systems give rise to order?
Creators: name: Almeida, J.
name: Peralta-Salas, D.
name: Romera, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently discovered Parrondo's paradox claims that two losing games can result, under random or periodic alternation of their dynamics, in a winning game: "losing+losing=winning". In this paper we follow Parrondo's philosophy of combining different dynamics and we apply it to the case of one-dimensional quadratic maps. We prove that the periodic mixing of two chaotic dynamics originates an ordered dynamics in certain cases. This provides an explicit example (theoretically and numerically tested) of a different Parrondian paradoxical phenomenon: "chaos+chaos=order"
description: 22 pages, 9 figures. Please address all correspondence to D. Peralta-Salas. To appear in Physica D
Role of Banks in Financing the United States Business Expansion, 1950-1955
Creators: name: Pacharapha, Thanom
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3502
subject: Banking, finance and investment
classificationCode: 4303
subject: Historical studies

description: The purpose of this study is to present the role of banks, especially the commercial banks, in financing the United States business expansion for the period 1950-1955. The plan of research is also aimed at determining the role of the Federal Reserve Banks in influencing the supply of credit or money through commercial banks.Other financial institutions playing a role in supplying funds for business purposes such as savings banks and life insurance companies are also to be analyzed.
Motor-free Contractility in Active Gels
Creators: name: Chen, Sihan
name: Markovich, Tomer
name: MacKintosh, F. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Animal cells form contractile structures to promote various functions, from cell motility to cell division. Force generation in these structures is often due to molecular motors such as myosin that require polar substrates for their function. Here, we propose a motor-free mechanism that can generate contraction in biopolymer networks without the need for polarity. This mechanism is based on active binding/unbinding of crosslinkers that breaks the principle of detailed balance, together with the asymmetric force-extension response of semiflexible biopolymers. We find that these two ingredients can generate steady state contraction via a non-thermal, ratchet-like process. We calculate the resulting force-velocity relation using both coarse-grained and microscopic models.
“Mind the step, step the mind” – conceptualizing a cognitively enriched walking program for older adults
Creators: name: Marent, Pieter-Jan
name: Vangilbergen, Arwen
name: Beeckman, Melanie
name: Chastin, Sebastien
name: Cardon, Greet
name: Van Uffelen, Jannique
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2022

description: Background: Simultaneous performance of physical and cognitive activity has a beneficial impact on cognitive function in older adults. However, most studies examined this effect under controlled laboratory conditions. Purpose: This translational research aimed to co-create a real-life, cognitively enriched walking program for older adults (65+) by investigating (a) which cognitive tasks are most suited for a walking program, and (b) how to embed these tasks into a feasible, enjoyable and effective program. Methods: First, 34 academic experts discussed the key characteristics of the program in a Delphi procedure. Next, 535 end users provided feedback and suggestions by means of a survey. Finally, 163 older adults tried out and evaluated 32 cognitive tasks during a walking session. Results: This study resulted in the following recommendations. Provide a range of cognitive tasks primarily targeting executive functioning and higher-order thinking as well as memory and learning. Integrate the tasks in the walk and ensure there is enough variation and differentiation to appropriately adjust cognitive demands for each participant. To be effective, the tasks should be the main component of the walk, accompanied by a warming-up and cooling-down. Minimum session frequency should be twice a week and competition can be occasionally included. Finally, ensure a safe walking environment and keep the walks fun. Conclusions: This study co-created a real-life, cognitively enriched walking program for older adults. Clear recommendations are provided to guide the next steps in the program development and evaluation. Funding: Research Foundation of Flanders (FWO) (G009819N).
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress
The association between sleep, physical activity, and cognitive performance among young office workers
Creators: name: Alhowaish, Norah
name: Alothman, Shaima
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2022

description: Background: Sleep is essential in maintaining a healthy lifestyle, which is primitive in the recovery of the body and brain. Many studies have shown a high prevalence of sleep disturbances among Saudis. However, little is known about the impact of sleep quality and quantity on cognitive functioning along with physical activity among Saudi office workers. Purpose: To investigate the association between sleep duration, sleep quality, cognitive performance, and physical activity among office workers. Method: Cross-sectional study was utilized to assess the association between study variables. Sleep quality and Physical activity were assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Cognition was evaluated using Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA) and Reaction time using a smartphone application. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Correlation coefficient. Results: 67 healthy office workers (age 28.9±5.4 years, Sex= 51F/16M, BMI= 25.3 ± 5.4). The mean of PSQI, sleep duration, GPAQ, MOCA, and reaction time were 6.5± 2.6, 6.1±2 hours, 2341.2±1968.2 MET, 19.4±9.8, and 344.3±112.8 milliseconds, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between PSQI and MOCA (r=-.2, p =.05). There was no significant association among other variables. Conclusion: Poor sleep quality was associated with lower cognitive performance in young office workers independent of physical activity level. Thus, in addition to the promotion of physical activity, we might want to promote healthy sleep to increase cognitive performance. Funding: Not funded.
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress