cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Self Organization and Self Avoiding Limit Cycles
Creators: name: Hexner, Daniel
name: Levine, Dov
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple periodically driven system displaying rich behavior is introduced and studied. The system self-organizes into a mosaic of static ordered regions with three possible patterns, which are threaded by one-dimensional paths on which a small number of mobile particles travel. These trajectories are self-avoiding and non-intersecting, and their relationship to self-avoiding random walks is explored. Near $ρ=0.5$ the distribution of path lengths becomes power-law like up to some cutoff length, suggesting a possible critical state.
Predictors and Consequences of Global DNA Methylation in Cord Blood and at Three Years
Creators: name: Herbstman, Julie Beth
name: Wang, Shuang
name: Perera, Frederica P.
name: Lederman, Sally A.
name: Vishnevetsky, Julia
name: Rundle, Andrew G.
name: Hoepner, Lori A.
name: Qu, Lirong
name: Tang, Deliang
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Environmental health
Epidemiology

description: DNA methylation changes have been implicated in many common chronic diseases leading to the hypothesis that environmental and age-related DNA methylation changes within individuals are involved in disease etiology. Few studies have examined DNA methylation changes within an individual over time and all of these studies have been conducted in adults. Here, we aim to characterize how global DNA methylation changes from birth to age three within a longitudinal birth cohort study and to determine whether there are consistent predictors of DNA methylation levels measured three years apart. We measured global DNA methylation in the same children at birth (cord blood) and again at three years of age among 165 children, using an immunoassay. We found that on average, DNA methylation was significantly higher in blood at age 3-years than in cord blood (p&0.01). However, for any individual child, the difference was less than would be expected by chance. We found that pre-pregnancy BMI was negatively predictive of both cord and three-year DNA methylation, even after statistical adjustment to account for the correlation between cord blood and three-year DNA methylation. The biologic implications of small changes in global DNA methylation are unknown. However, the observation that global DNA methylation levels persist within an individual from birth to age three supports the belief that factors that influence global DNA methylation, including pre-pregnancy BMI, may confer long-term effects.
A new upper bound for the Dirac operator on hypersurfaces
Creators: name: Ginoux, Nicolas
name: Habib, Georges
name: Raulot, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove a new upper bound for the first eigenvalue of the Dirac operator of a compact hypersurface in any Riemannian spin manifold carrying a non-trivial twistor spinor without zeros on the hypersurface. The upper bound is expressed as the first eigenvalue of a drifting Schrödinger operator on the hypersurface. Moreover, using a recent approach developed by O. Hijazi and S. Montiel, we completely characterize the equality case when the ambient manifold is the standard hyperbolic space.
Reconsidering the possibility of room temperature ferromagnetism in Mn doped Zirconium oxide
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Akash
name: Bouzerar, Georges
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility to induce long range ferromagnetic order by doping oxides with transition metal ions has become a very exciting challenge in the last decade. Theoretically, it has been claimed that Mn doped ZrO$_2$ could be a very promising spintronic candidate and that high critical temperatures could be already achieved even for a low Mn concentration. Some experiments have reported room temperature ferromagnetism (RT-FM) whilst some others only paramagnetism. When observed, the nature of RT-FM appears to be controversial and not clearly understood. In this study, we propose to clarify and shed light on some of theses existing issues. A detailed study of the critical temperatures and low energy magnetic excitations in Mn doped ZrO$_2$ is performed. We show that the Curie temperatures were largely overestimated previously, due to the inadequate treatment of both thermal and transverse fluctuations, and disorder. It appears that the Mn-Mn couplings can not explain the observed RT-FM. We argue, that this can be attributed to the interaction between large moments induced in the vicinity of the manganese. This is similar to the non-magnetic defect induced ferromagnetism reported in oxides, semiconductors and graphene/graphite.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, to appear in EPL
Point defects and p-type conductivity in Zn/1-x/Mn/x/GeAs/2/
Creators: name: Kilanski, L.
name: Rauch, C.
name: Tuomisto, F.
name: Podgorni, A.
name: Dynowska, E.
name: Dobrowolski, W.
name: Fedorchenko, I. V.
name: Marenkin, S. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Positron annihilation spectroscopy is used to study point defects in Zn/1-x/Mn/x/GeAs/2/ crystals with low Mn content 0 < x < 0.042 with disordered zincblende and chalcopyrite structure. The role of negatively charged vacancies and non-open-volume defects is discussed with respect to the high p-type conductivity with carrier concentration 1E19 < n < 1E21 cm^-3 in our samples. Neutral As vacancies, together with negatively charged Zn vacancies and non-open-volume defects with concentrations around 1E16-1E18 cm^-3, increasing with the amount of Mn in the alloy, are observed. The observed concentrations of defects are not sufficient to be responsible for the strong p-type conductivity of our crystals. Therefore, we suggest that other types of defects, such as extended defects, have a strong influence on the conductivity of Zn1-xMnxGeAs2 crystals.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
On the Frequency of Drawdowns for Brownian Motion Processes
Creators: name: Landriault, David
name: Li, Bin
name: Zhang, Hongzhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G40, 60J65 91B24

description: Drawdowns measuring the decline in value from the historical running maxima over a given period of time, are considered as extremal events from the standpoint of risk management. To date, research on the topic has mainly focus on the side of severity by studying the first drawdown over certain pre-specified size. In this paper, we extend the discussion by investigating the frequency of drawdowns, and some of their inherent characteristics. We consider two types of drawdown time sequences depending on whether a historical running maximum {is reset or not}. For each type, we study the frequency rate of drawdowns, the Laplace transform of the $n$-th drawdown time, the distribution of the running maximum and the value process at the $n$-th drawdown time, as well as some other quantities of interest. Interesting relationships between these two drawdown time sequences are also established. Finally, insurance policies protecting against the risk of frequent drawdowns are also proposed and priced.
description: 18 pages
Breaking a monad-comonad symmetry between computational effects
Creators: name: Dumas, Jean-Guillaume
name: Duval, Dominique
name: Reynaud, Jean-Claude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Computational effects may often be interpreted in the Kleisli category of a monad or in the coKleisli category of a comonad. The duality between monads and comonads corresponds, in general, to a symmetry between construction and observation, for instance between raising an exception and looking up a state. Thanks to the properties of adjunction one may go one step further: the coKleisli-on-Kleisli category of a monad provides a kind of observation with respect to a given construction, while dually the Kleisli-on-coKleisli category of a comonad provides a kind of construction with respect to a given observation. In the previous examples this gives rise to catching an exception and updating a state. However, the interpretation of computational effects is usually based on a category which is not self-dual, like the category of sets. This leads to a breaking of the monad-comonad duality. For instance, in a distributive category the state effect has much better properties than the exception effect. This remark provides a novel point of view on the usual mechanism for handling exceptions. The aim of this paper is to build an equational semantics for handling exceptions based on the coKleisli-on-Kleisli category of the monad of exceptions. We focus on n-ary functions and conditionals. We propose a programmer's language for exceptions and we prove that it has the required behaviour with respect to n-ary functions and conditionals.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1310.0605
Self-fulfilling Prophecies and the Business Cycle
Creators: name: Farmer, Roger E. A.
name: Woodford, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We demonstrate that multiple stationary rational-expectations equilibria exist in a version of Lucas's island economy. The existence of these equilibria follows from the fact that there is an indeterminate set of monetary equilibria in the two-period overlapping-generations model. We show how to construct stationary rational-expectations equilibria by randomizing over the set of nonstationary monetary equilibria. In some of our equilibria, a positively sloped Phillips curve exists even though our economy contains no signal-extraction problem as in the original Lucas paper. Our equilibria are indexed by beliefs and are examples of the existence of sunspot equilibria in which allocations may differ across states of nature for which preferences, technology, and endowments are identical. Our technique for constructing stationary sunspot equilibria should prove useful in a wide class of models in which an indeterminate stationary equilibrium exists.
A discussion of the reaction rate and the cell voltage of an intercalation electrode during discharge
Creators: name: Landstorfer, Manuel
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Butler--Volmer-equation
subject: intercalation reaction
subject: battery electrode
subject: non-equilibrium thermodynamics
subject: modeling
subject: discharge simulation
subject: cell voltage
subject: parameter study
subject: 78A57
subject: 35Q35
subject: 34B15
subject: 82B30
subject: 82D25

description: In this work we discuss the modeling procedure and validation of a non-porous intercalation half-cell during galvanostatic  discharge. The modeling is based on continuum thermodynamics with non-equilibrium processes in the active intercalation  particle, the electrolyte, and the common interface where the intercalation reaction occurs. This yields balance equations  for the transport of charge and intercalated lithium in the intercalation compound, a surface reaction rate at the interface,  and transport equations in the electrolyte for the concentration of lithium ions and the electrostatic potential. An expression  for the measured cell voltage is then rigorously derived for a half cell with metallic lithium as counter electrode.  The model is then in detail investigated and discussed in terms of scalings of the non-equilibrium parameters, i.e. the  diffusion coefficients of the active phase and the electrolyte, conductivity of both phases, and the exchange current density,  with numerical solutions of the underlying PDE system. The current density as well as all non-equilibrium parameters are  scaled with respect to the 1-C current density of the intercalation electrode and the C-rate of discharge. Further we derive  an expression for the capacity of the intercalation cell, which allows us to compute numerically the cell voltage as function  of the capacity and the C-rate. Within a hierarchy of approximations of the non-equilibrium processes we provide  computations of the cell voltage for various values of the diffusion coefficients, the conductivities and the exchange  current density. For the later we provide finally a discussion for possible concentration dependencies and (surface)  thermodynamic consistency.
Correlates of HIV Acquisition in a Cohort of Black Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States: HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 061
Creators: name: Koblin, Beryl A.
name: Mayer, Kenneth H.
name: Eshleman, Susan H.
name: Wang, Lei
name: Mannheimer, Sharon B.
name: Del Rio, Carlos
name: Shoptaw, Steven
name: Magnus, Manya
name: Buchbinder, Susan
name: Wilton, Leo
name: Liu, Ting-Yuan
name: Cummings, Vanessa
name: Piwowar-Manning, Estelle
name: Fields, Sheldon D.
name: Griffith, Sam
name: Elharrar, Vanessa
name: Wheeler, Darrell
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Epidemiology
Public health
HIV-positive men
Gay men, Black
HIV infections--Epidemiology
HIV infections—Prevention

description: Background: Black men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States (US) are affected by HIV at disproportionate rates compared to MSM of other race/ethnicities. Current HIV incidence estimates in this group are needed to appropriately target prevention efforts. Methods: From July 2009 to October 2010, Black MSM reporting unprotected anal intercourse with a man in the past six months were enrolled and followed for one year in six US cities for a feasibility study of a multi-component intervention to reduce HIV infection. HIV incidence based on HIV seroconversion was calculated as number of events/100 person-years. Multivariate proportional hazards modeling with time-dependent covariates was used to identify correlates of HIV acquisition. Results: Of 1,553 Black MSM enrolled, 1,164 were HIV-uninfected at baseline and included in follow-up. Overall annual HIV incidence was 3.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0, 4.4%) and 5.9% among men ≤30 years old (95% CI: 3.6, 9.1%). Men ≤30 years old reported significantly higher levels of sexual risk and were more likely to have a sexually transmitted infection diagnosed during follow-up. Younger men also were more likely to not have a usual place for health care, not have visited a health care provider recently, and to have unmet health care needs. In multivariate analysis, age ≤30 years (hazard ratio (HR): 3.4; 95% CI: 1.4, 8.3) and unprotected receptive anal intercourse with HIV-positive or unknown status partners (HR: 4.1; 95% CI: 1.9, 9.1) were significantly associated with HIV acquisition. Conclusion: In the largest cohort of prospectively-followed Black MSM in the US, HIV incidence was high, particularly among young men. Targeted, tailored and culturally appropriate HIV prevention strategies incorporating behavioral, social and biomedical based interventions are urgently needed to lower these rates.
Automatic White Blood Cell Measuring Aid for Medical Diagnosis
Creators: name: Ghosh, Pramit
name: Bhattacharjee, Debotosh
name: Nasipuri, Mita
name: Basu, Dipak Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Blood related invasive pathological investigations play a major role in diagnosis of diseases. But in India and other third world countries there are no enough pathological infrastructures for medical diagnosis. Moreover, most of the remote places of those countries have neither pathologists nor physicians. Telemedicine partially solves the lack of physicians. But the pathological investigation infrastructure can not be integrated with the telemedicine technology. The objective of this work is to automate the blood related pathological investigation process. Detection of different white blood cells has been automated in this work. This system can be deployed in the remote area as a supporting aid for telemedicine technology and only high school education is sufficient to operate it. The proposed system achieved 97.33 percent accuracy for the samples collected to test this system.
description: 6 pages, International Conference
Magnified image of CK302-2305 with polishing on bone tool from bison metacarpal
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Metacarpal
Polishing
Bone Tool
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Metacarpal medial aspect at 8.1 magnification.
Report of the Snowmass 2021 Collider Implementation Task Force
Creators: name: Roser, Thomas
name: Brinkmann, Reinhard
name: Cousineau, Sarah
name: Denisov, Dmitri
name: Gessner, Spencer
name: Gourlay, Steve
name: Lebrun, Philippe
name: Narain, Meenakshi
name: Oide, Katsunobu
name: Raubenheimer, Tor
name: Seeman, John
name: Shiltsev, Vladimir
name: Strait, Jim
name: Turner, Marlene
name: Wang, Lian-Tao
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: acceleration
accelerator
lepton
costs
hadron
performance
particle source

description: The Snowmass 2021 Implementation Task Force has been established to evaluate the proposed future accelerator projects for performance, technology readiness, schedule, cost, and environmental impact. Corresponding metrics has been developed for uniform comparison of the proposals ranging from Higgs/EW factories to multi-TeV lepton, hadron and ep collider facilities, based on traditional and advanced acceleration technologies. This report documents the metrics and processes, and presents evaluations of future colliders performed by Implementation Task Force.
Phase transitions in the condition number distribution of Gaussian random matrices
Creators: name: Castillo, Isaac Pérez
name: Katzav, Eytan
name: Vivo, Pierpaolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the statistics of the condition number $κ=λ_{\mathrm{max}}/λ_{\mathrm{min}}$ (the ratio between largest and smallest squared singular values) of $N\times M$ Gaussian random matrices. Using a Coulomb fluid technique, we derive analytically and for large $N$ the cumulative $\mathcal{P}[κx]$ distributions of $κ$. We find that these distributions decay as $\mathcal{P}[κx]\approx\exp\left(-βN Φ_{+}(x)\right)$, where $β$ is the Dyson index of the ensemble. The left and right rate functions $Φ_{\pm}(x)$ are independent of $β$ and calculated exactly for any choice of the rectangularity parameter $α=M/N-1>0$. Interestingly, they show a weak non-analytic behavior at their minimum $\langleκ\rangle$ (corresponding to the average condition number), a direct consequence of a phase transition in the associated Coulomb fluid problem. Matching the behavior of the rate functions around $\langleκ\rangle$, we determine exactly the scale of typical fluctuations $\sim\mathcal{O}(N^{-2/3})$ and the tails of the limiting distribution of $κ$. The analytical results are in excellent agreement with numerical simulations.
description: 5 pag. + 7 pag. Suppl. Material. 3 Figures
Oligopolistic Pricing and the Effects of Aggregate Demand on Economic Activity
Creators: name: Rotemberg, Julio J.
name: Woodford, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: Economics
Public policy (Law)

description: We construct a dynamic general equilibrium model in which the typical industry colludes by threatening to punish deviations from an implicitly agreed upon pricing path. We argue that models of this type explain better than do competitive models the way in which the economy responds to aggregate demand shocks. When we calibrate a linearized version of the model using methods similar to those of Kydland and Prescott (1982), we obtain predictions concerning the economy's response to changes in military spending which are close to the response we estimate with postwar US data.
Magnified image of CK302-7229 with calcined bison bone fragment
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Bone Fragment
Calcined
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Bone fragment at 17.5 magnification.
The Case for Forecast Targeting as a Monetary Policy Strategy
Creators: name: Woodford, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Economics
Public policy (Law)

description: At central banks around the world, including the Bank of England, Sweden's Riksbank, Norway's Norges Bank, and the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, policy is conducted on the basis of "inflation-forecast targeting": the central bank constructs quantitative projections of the economy's expected future evolution based on the way in which it intends to control short-term interest rates, and public discussion of those projections plays a critical role in justifying the banks' conduct of monetary policy to the public. What accounts for the appeal of this approach? Should it be adopted more widely or more explicitly? I review the long-running debate between proponents of monetary rules and proponents of discretionary monetary policy and argue that inflation-forecast targeting represents a powerful synthesis of the two approaches. I explore some common questions that arise about inflation-forecast targeting and consider how the U.S. Federal Reserve might move toward an explicit policy of inflation-forecast targeting.
Statistical Comparison among Brain Networks with Popular Network Measurement Algorithms
Creators: name: Pran, Rakib Hassan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 320904
subject: Computational neuroscience (incl. mathematical neuroscience and theoretical neuroscience)

description: In this research, a number of popular network measurement algorithms have been applied to several brain networks (based on applicability of algorithms) for finding out statistical correlation among these popular network measurements which will help scientists to understand these popular network measurement algorithms and their applicability to brain networks. By analyzing the results of correlations among these network measurement algorithms, statistical comparison among selected brain networks has also been summarized. Besides that, to understand each brain network, the visualization of each brain network and each brain network’s degree distribution histogram have been extrapolated. Six network measurement algorithms have been chosen to apply time to time on sixteen brain networks based on applicability of these network measurement algorithms and the results of these network measurements are put into a correlation method to show the relationship among these six network measurement algorithms for each brain network. At the end, the results of the correlations have been summarized to show the statistical comparison among these sixteen brain networks.
Transaction Costs and the Employment Contract in the US Economy
Creators: name: MacLeod, W. Bentley
name: Parent, Daniel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Labor economics

description: The purpose of this paper is to use transaction cost economics (as in Williamson, Wachter and Harris (1979) and Williamson (1981)) to explore the relationship between job characteristics and observed employment contracts. Transaction cost considerations lead to jobs characterized by either normal or complex ex- change. This in turn implies two contracting modes: contingent pay (fixed wage or piece rate/commission contract) or non-contingent pay (salary with possibly a bonus). We show empirically that observed job characteristics, as measured by the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT), can explain the contract form observed in the Panel Study on Income Dynamics (PSID). Second, we discuss the implications of contract form for wages and mobility, and show that non- contingent pay jobs have more able workers in more durable relationships.
Firm-Specific Capital and the New Keynesian Phillips Curve
Creators: name: Woodford, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: A relation between inflation and the path of average marginal cost (often measured by unit labor cost) implied by the Calvo (1983) model of staggered pricing—sometimes referred to as the “New Keynesian” Phillips curve—has been the subject of extensive econometric estimation and testing. Standard theoretical justifications of this form of aggregate-supply relation, however, either assume (1) the existence of a competitive rental market for capital services, so that the shadow cost of capital services is equated across firms and sectors at all points in time, despite the fact that prices are set at different times, or (2) that the capital stock of each firm is constant, or at any rate exogenously given, and so independent of the firm’s pricing decision. But neither assumption is realistic. The present paper examines the extent to which existing empirical specifications and interpretations of parameter estimates are compromised by reliance on either of these assumptions.
The paper derives an aggregate-supply relation for a model with monopolistic competition and Calvo pricing in which capital is firm specific and endogenous, and investment is subject to convex adjustment costs. The aggregate-supply relation is shown to again take the standard New Keynesian form, but with an elasticity of inflation with respect to real marginal cost that is a different function of underlying parameters than in the simpler cases studied earlier. Thus the relations estimated in the empirical literature remain correctly specified under the assumptions proposed here, but the interpretation of the estimated elasticity is different; in particular, the implications of the estimated Phillips-curve slope for the frequency of price adjustment is changed. Assuming a rental market for capital results in a substantial exaggeration of the infrequency of price adjustment; assuming exogenous capital instead results in a smaller underestimate.
48CK302-18581, Side Notched Point, Side 1
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Projectile Point
Side Notched
Chert
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Image of a brown chert side notched projectile point, missing one tang. Provenience: unknown
Financial Intermediation and Macroeconomic Analysis
Creators: name: Woodford, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Economics
Public policy (Law)

description: Understanding phenomena such as the recent financial crisis, and possible policy responses, requires the use of a macroeconomic framework in which financial intermediation matters for the allocation of resources. Neither standard macroeconomic models that abstract from financial intermediation nor traditional models of the "bank lending channel" are adequate as a basis for understanding the recent crisis. Instead we need models in which intermediation plays a crucial role, but in which intermediation is modeled in a way that better conforms to current institutional realities. In particular, we need models that recognize that a market-based financial system—one in which intermediaries fund themselves by selling securities in competitive markets, rather than collecting deposits subject to reserve requirements—is not the same as a frictionless system. I sketch the basic elements of an approach that allows financial intermediation and credit frictions to be integrated into macroeconomic analysis in a straightforward way. I show how the model can be used to analyze the macroeconomic consequences of the recent financial crisis and conclude with a discussion of some implications of the model for the conduct of monetary policy.
Analysis of the Electromagnetic Signature of Reinforced Concrete Structures for Nondestructive Evaluation of Corrosion Damage
Creators: name: Roqueta, Gemma
name: Jofre, Lluís
name: Feng, Maria Q.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Electromagnetism

description: This paper presents a nondestructive corrosion damage detection method for reinforced concrete structures based on the analysis of the electromagnetic signature of the steel rebar corrosion. The signature of the corrosion on the scattered field upon microwave illumination is first numerically analyzed. First-order quality factor parameters, the energy and the mean propagation delay, are proposed to quantify the corrosion amount in the structure. To validate the model, low-profile ultra-wide-band antennas (3-12 GHz) are fabricated and measured. Measurements on 12 reinforced concrete samples with induced corrosion are performed, using three different antenna setups. The experiments demonstrate a good correlation between an increase in the corrosion amount with a decrease in the energy and an increase in the time delay of the propagated signal.
Vision-Based Displacement Sensor for Monitoring Dynamic Response Using Robust Object Search Algorithm
Creators: name: Fukuda, Yoshio
name: Feng, Maria Q.
name: Narita, Yuto
name: Kaneko, Shun'ichi
name: Tanaka, Takayuki
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: This paper develops a vision-based displacement measurement system for remote monitoring of vibration of large-size structures such as bridges and buildings. The system consists of one or multiple video cameras and a notebook computer. With a telescopic lens, the camera placed at a stationary point away from a structure captures images of an object on the structure. The structural displacement is computed in real time through processing the captured images. A robust object search algorithm developed in this paper enables accurate measurement of the displacement by tracking existing features on the structure without requiring a conventional target panel to be installed on the structure. A sub-pixel technique is also proposed to further reduce measurement errors cost-effectively. The efficacy of the vision system in remote measurement of dynamic displacements was demonstrated through a shaking table test and a field experiment on a long-span bridge.
HJB equations in infinite dimension with locally Lipschitz Hamiltonian and unbounded terminal condition
Creators: name: Masiero, Federica
name: Richou, Adrien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study Hamilton Jacobi Bellman equations in an infinite dimensional Hilbert space, with Lipschitz coefficients, where the Hamiltonian has superquadratic growth with respect to the derivative of the value function, and the final condition is not bounded. This allows to study stochastic optimal control problems for suitable controlled state equations with unbounded control processes. The results are applied to a controlled wave equation.
48CK302-567, Side Notched Point, Side 1
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Projectile Point
Side Notched
Quartzite
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Image of a tan quartzite side notched projectile point, complete. Provenience: O-7-40"
Nanocrystal energetics via quantum similarity measures
Creators: name: Balta, M İ Törehan
name: Kılıç, Çetin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We first develop a descriptor-based representation of atomic environments by devising two local similarity indices defined from an atom-partitioned quantum-chemical descriptor. Then, we employ this representation to explore the size-, shape- and composition-dependent nanocrystal energetics. For this purpose, we utilize an energy difference μ that is related to the atomic chemical potential, which enables one to characterize energetic heterogeneities. Employing first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory for a set of database systems, namely unary atomic clusters in the shape of regular polyhedra and the bulk solids of C, Si, Pd and Pt, we explore the correlations between the energy difference μ and similarity indices. We find that there exists an interconnection between nanocrystal energetics and quantum similarity measures. Accordingly, we develop a means for computing total energy differences from the similarity indices via interpolation, and utilize a test set comprising a variety of unary nanocrystals and binary nanoalloys/nanocompounds for validation. Our findings indicate that the similarity-based energies could be utilized in computer-aided design of nanoparticles.
Toward Addressing the Issues of Site Selection in District Effectiveness Research: A 2-Level Hierarchical Linear Growth Model
Creators: name: Bowers, Alex J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Education--Administration
School management and organization
Educational leadership
Education, Secondary

description: District effectiveness research (DER) is an emerging field concerned with identifying the organizational structures, administration, and leadership practices at the school district level that help districts find success with all of their students across the schools within the system. This work has mirrored much of the early school effectiveness research (SER). However, to date across the DER literature, site selection for in-depth studies of districts deemed “effective” has been haphazard and nonsystematic. This is problematic given the long history of critiques centered on site selection in SER. The purpose of this study is to address and adapt the critiques from SER to a method of site selection for DER and test the method using a large multi-year dataset to identify districts that are significantly unusual and effective. Research Methods: A 2-level hierarchical linear growth model which nests multiple time points per district (level 1) within districts (level 2) was used to predict gains in district achievement for all school districts in the state of Ohio during a seven-year period, 2001-02 through 2007-08. Findings: Districts that statistically significantly outperformed their predicted gains in achievement, controlling for background and demographic variables over the period are identified as possible sites for in-depth qualitative studies for DER in comparison to districts performing at the norm. Implications for Research and Practice: This study proposes and tests a method for district identification in DER that addresses the critiques from SER through controlling for achievement covariates, modeling district gains over time, and examining the population of districts within an entire state.
48CK302-18664, Granite Cobble, Side 2
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Stone Tool
Cobble
Granite
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Image of a granite cobble, possible chopper. Provenience: O-7-8
Policy Assessment of Wheat Production in Turkey
Creators: name: Ceylan, Nazli
name: Ceylan, Nazli
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: policy analysis matrix
subject: wheat production
subject: Turkey

description: Turkey plays a significant role in global wheat trade, importing wheat grain and exporting processed wheat products such as pasta, flour and biscuits. Wheat growing areas in Turkey have shown a decrease of about 10% over the last decade. Although an increase in yields keeps the production amount in balance, policies toward the wheat sector have reached a more critical point due to an increasing population and growing demand on the wheat flour sector. In this study, the profitability and sustainability of the sector were analyzed by using the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) approach, and by examining the effects of the policies that have been applied on the wheat market recently. According to the PAM results, domestic wheat prices are higher than world prices due to existing policies and the wheat sector is not competitive without support.
description: DOI: 10.22630/PRS.2020.20.2.8
Magnified image of CK302-13846 with cut marks on bison calcaneus
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Calcaneus
Cut Marks
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Calcaneus medial aspect at 17.2 magnification.
Institutions and Contract Enforcement
Creators: name: Falk, Armin
name: Huffman, David
name: MacLeod, W. Bentley
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Commerce
Industrial relations

description: We conduct laboratory experiments where the market rules mimic labor market institutions, and exogenously vary institutions to study the causal impact on subjects’ behaviors. We focus on rules analogous to dismissal barrier institutions, such as employment protection legislation, and on institutions allowing bonus pay. We find that when constrained to fixed wage contracts, dismissal barriers reduce efficiency, but parties react by evolving rising compensation profiles. When the option to pay bonuses is introduced this completely offsets the negative effects of dismissal barriers. In the absence of dismissal barriers, bonus pay reduces frequency of repeated interactions, but leaves market efficiency unchanged.
$^{12}$C properties with evolved chiral three-nucleon interactions
Creators: name: Maris, P.
name: Vary, J. P.
name: Calci, A.
name: Langhammer, J.
name: Binder, S.
name: Roth, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate selected static and transition properties of $^{12}$C using ab initio No-Core Shell Model (NCSM) methods with chiral two- and three-nucleon interactions. We adopt the Similarity Renormalization Group (SRG) to assist convergence including up to three-nucleon (3N) contributions. We examine the dependences of the $^{12}$C observables on the SRG evolution scale and on the model-space parameters. We obtain nearly converged low-lying excitation spectra. We compare results of the full NCSM with the Importance Truncated NCSM in large model spaces for benchmarking purposes. We highlight the effects of the chiral 3N interaction on several spectroscopic observables. The agreement of some observables with experiment is improved significantly by the inclusion of 3N interactions, e.g., the B(M1) from the first $J^πT = 1^+ 1$ state to the ground state. However, in some cases the agreement deteriorates, e.g., for the excitation energy of the first $1^+ 0$ state, leaving room for improved next-generation chiral Hamiltonians.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
48CK302-604, Midsection Fragment, Side 1
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Projectile Point
Midsection
Porcellanite
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Image of a gray porcellanite projectile point midsection fragment. Provenience: "William's Ring - Surface"
Electron-hole pairing in graphene-GaAs heterostructures
Creators: name: Gamucci, A.
name: Spirito, D.
name: Carrega, M.
name: Karmakar, B.
name: Lombardo, A.
name: Bruna, M.
name: Ferrari, A. C.
name: Pfeiffer, L. N.
name: West, K. W.
name: Polini, Marco
name: Pellegrini, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vertical heterostructures combining different layered materials offer novel opportunities for applications and fundamental studies of collective behavior driven by inter-layer Coulomb coupling. Here we report heterostructures comprising a single-layer (or bilayer) graphene carrying a fluid of massless (massive) chiral carriers, and a quantum well created in GaAs 31.5 nm below the surface, supporting a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas. These are a new class of double-layer devices composed of spatially-separated electron and hole fluids. We find that the Coulomb drag resistivity significantly increases for temperatures below 5-10 K, following a logarithmic law. This anomalous behavior is a signature of the onset of strong inter-layer correlations, compatible with the formation of a condensate of permanent excitons. The ability to induce strongly-correlated electron-hole states paves the way for the realization of coherent circuits with minimal dissipation and nanodevices including analog-to-digital converters and topologically protected quantum bits.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, 72 references
The Structure of Employment Terminations among Clerical Employees in a Large Bureaucracy
Creators: name: Petersen, Trond
name: Spilerman, Seymour
name: Dahl, Svenn-Age
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Labor economics
subject: Organizational behavior

description: In this paper we study departure rates among clerical employees in a large hierarchical organization, a US insurance company. Two aspects of the turnover process are considered. First, we study how the departure rate is determined by promotion opportunities in the organization. We ask: In structural positions where the promotion rates are low, are the departure rates high, and vice-versa? Second, we distinguish between different types of departures hose that occur or career reasons such as better job options and higher earnings outside the organization hose that occur for personal reasons, such as having to tend to the needs of one's family; and involuntary departures, that is, dismissals and abolished positions. We attempt to assess which type of departure is most influenced by the presence of promotion opportunities and particular organizational structures. The main findings are: (1) Departure rates are lower in company positions with high promotion rates than in positions with low promotion rates, keeping the level of current achievement constant. This finding suggests that the study of organizational careers and the study of organizational departures need to be integrated. (2) Promotion opportunities in the company have a stronger influence on departures for career-related reasons than on departures for personal reasons. This suggests that organizational opportunity’s structures re more effective in controlling career-related turnover than in influencing other types of terminations.
Flüssigerdgas (LNG) als alternativer Energieträger für Landmaschinen- Geschlossener CO2 Kreislauf mit synthetischem Methan
Creators: name: Ays, Isabelle
name: Engelmann, Danilo
name: Geimer, Marcus
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2018
Subjects: LNG
Flüssiges Methan
mobile Arbeitsmaschine
mobile machines

description: In diesem Beitrag wird zunächst die Dringlichkeit klimafreundliche Arbeitsmaschinen zu entwickeln aufgezeigt. Eine mögliche Lösung ist der Einsatz von nachhaltigen alternativen Kraftstoffen. Die Anforderungen an den Energieträger werden kurz erläutert und nachhaltiges flüssiges Methan wird als mögliche Lösung identifiziert. Anschließend wird ein Maschinenkonzept mit Methanantrieb für einen CO2-neutralen Betrieb von mobilen Maschinen erarbeitet. Dabei werden in der technischen Bewertung, neben z.B. Energieinhalten, Verfügbarkeit, Einsatzprofile und Speicherung auf der Maschine, auch die möglichen Einflüsse auf und durch die umgebende Infrastruktur berücksichtigt. Ein Konzept auf Methan-Basis erweist sich schon jetzt als praktikable Alternative zu den heutigen fossilen Kraftstoffen, wenn es nachhaltig erzeugt wird. Das erarbeitete Konzept wird im Zusammenhang zu der Benutzung in der Landwirtschaft vorgestellt.
Constraints on the Symmetry Energy Using the Mass-Radius Relation of Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Lattimer, James M.
name: Steiner, Andrew W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nuclear symmetry energy is intimately connected with nuclear astrophysics. This contribution focuses on the estimation of the symmetry energy from experiment and how it is related to the structure of neutron stars. The most important connection is between the radii of neutron stars and the pressure of neutron star matter in the vicinity of the nuclear saturation density $n_s$. This pressure is essentially controlled by the nuclear symmetry energy parameters $S_v$ and $L$, the first two coefficients of a Taylor expansion of the symmetry energy around $n_s$. We discuss constraints on these parameters that can be found from nuclear experiments. We demonstrate that these constraints are largely model-independent by deriving them qualitatively from a simple nuclear model. We also summarize how recent theoretical studies of pure neutron matter can reinforce these constraints. To date, several different astrophysical measurements of neutron star radii have been attempted. Attention is focused on photospheric radius expansion bursts and on thermal emissions from quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries. While none of these observations can, at the present time, determine individual neutron star radii to better than 20% accuracy, the body of observations can be used with Bayesian techniques to effectively constrain them to higher precision. These techniques invert the structure equations and obtain estimates of the pressure-density relation of neutron star matter, not only near $n_s$, but up to the highest densities found in neutron star interiors. The estimates we derive for neutron star radii are in concordance with predictions from nuclear experiment and theory.
description: 24 pages, 13 figures
Structural Characteristics of Cities and the Severity of Racial Disorders
Creators: name: Spilerman, Seymour
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Americans

description: This study attempts to ascertain whether particular structural arrangements and demographic features of a community were responsible for especially severe disturbances during the 1960s. Preliminary to addressing this question, consideration is given to the manner of measuring severity and to the volatile components of this phenomenon. With respect to the latter, it is found that (1) disorder severity declined as a function of the number of prior outbreaks in a city and (2) there is evidence for a temporal effect, with the post-Martin Luther King-assassination disturbances having been unusually destructive. Regarding the more stable (community) determinants of disorder severity, only Negro population size and a dummy term for South were found to be related to severity. Net of these variables, various indicators of Negro disadvantage in a community failed to reveal significant associations with severity. This result is interpreted as further evidence for the distinctly national character of the disturbances in the 1960s.