cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Impacts of heat stress on soil–plant phosphorus dynamics and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Creators: name: Dutta, Asik
name: Lenka, Narendra Kumar
name: Hazra, Kali Krishna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Evaluating the impacts of high temperature-mediated changes in soil-plant systems is crucial in sustaining the productivity of heat-sensitive crops like chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Currently, the impact of a high temperature environment on soil processes and crop nutrition, particularly phosphorus (P), remains uncertain in tropical alkaline soils. Therefore, an open-top chamber-based experiment with ambient temperature [a(Temp)] and elevated temperature [e(Temp)] (+2 °C over ambient) aimed to investigate the impacts of high temperature environment on plant physiology, soil-plant P dynamics, and yield of chickpea in a moderately-alkaline Vertisol of sub-tropical climate. The e(Temp) reduced Olsen-P (available-P) and NaHCO3-Pi at the flowering stage by 12% and 32%, respectively, as compared to a(Temp) treatment. The e(Temp) treatment markedly reduced KMnO4-oxidizable carbon (-25% to 42%), but did not alter water-soluble carbon. Alkaline phosphatase and ß-glucosidase activities were reduced under the e(Temp) treatment, while acid phosphatase activity remained unchanged. The elevated temperature had a significant impact on chlorophyll-b content (+18%), stomatal conductance (+5%), transpiration rate (+8%), and photosynthetic rate (-22%). The e(Temp) treatment did not alter total P uptake rather altered its distribution in grain (-16%) and stover (+17%) parts, resulting in a lower internal P use efficiency (-12%) and P harvest index (+15%). The e(Temp) treatment caused 12% yield loss compared to a(Temp) treatment. Therefore, this is concluded that retardation in P-mineralization along with terminal heat stress could impair P nutrition, physiological activity, and yield of chickpea.
Magentically-Induced Lattice Distortions and Ferroelectricity in Magnetoelectric GdMnO3
Creators: name: Moreira, J. Agostinho
name: Almeida, A.
name: Oliveira, J.
name: Chaves, M. R.
name: Kreisel, J.
name: Carpinteiro, F.
name: Tavares, P. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we investigate the magnetic field dependence of Ag octahedra rotation (tilt) and B2g symmetric stretching modes frequency at different temperatures. Our field-dependent Raman investigation at 10K is interpreted by an ionic displacive nature of the magnetically induced ferroelectric phase transition. The frequency change of the Ag tilt is in agreement with the stabilization of the Mn-Gd spin arrangement, yielding the necessary conditions for the onset of ferroelectricity on the basis of the inverse Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. The role of the Jahn-Teller cooperative interaction is also evidenced by the change of the B2g mode frequency at the ferroelectric phase transition. This frequency change allows estimating the shift of the oxygen position at the ferroelectric phase transition and the corresponding spontaneous polarization of 480 μC/m2, which agrees with earlier reported values in single crystals. Our study also confirms the existence of a large magnetic hysteresis at the lowest temperatures, which is a manifestation of magnetrostiction.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Who is a coach? Understanding coach subjectivities in professional youth football
Creators: name: Stonebridge, Ian
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 420799
subject: Sports science and exercise not elsewhere classified

description: Despite being positioned as a central concern for sport coaching research, the exploration of coach identity and the question of who the coach is, has received limited attention. Existing work has highlighted the importance of coaches’ individual ‘performances’ in a dramaturgical sense and resulting social interaction for coaches to establish and maintain their identities. However, it has relied on methods that can only partially capture such aspects. The prevalence of autoethnographic and interview-based studies has limited understanding of identity as a process and emphasised an overly agential and personal perspective. By taking up the notion of ‘subjectivity’ to replace the static and essential connotations of ‘identity’ and conducting a longitudinal ethnography with participant observation, I aimed to recognise the contingent and ongoing constitution of coaches. Two seasons of fieldwork were conducted in the youth academy of an English Football League club using participant observation and semi-structured interviews within an ethnographic framework. This extended period of in-situ data generation followed the regular patterns, spaces, and sites of Academy coaches’ everyday practice. Adopting a Foucauldian lens, the findings highlighted the productive action of power and knowledge, and furthermore, by considering the Academy in terms of Foucault’s ‘carceral archipelago’, the analysis demonstrated the dispersed yet interconnected processes through which coaches were constituted. Academy coach meetings, CPD sessions, training sessions, and matches were all sites of constitutive possibilities, with each space shaping opportunities to produce subjectivities. Problematising assumed ‘truths’ uncovered normative ideals about who was intelligible as an Academy coach and who was excluded as ‘other’. Discourses positioned ex-professional players as ‘experts’ and their playing experiences as the source of legitimate knowledge, shaping subject positions and governing possibilities for coaches. Through disciplinary techniques that sustained a panoptic mechanism, certain coaches internalised coaching methods that made them recognisable as Academy coaches. However, others were resistant and used technologies of the self to produce themselves differently. This demonstrated the possibilities for practices of freedom within a Foucauldian notion of subjectivation. By providing a contextualised exploration of coach subjectivities, this research has developed understanding of ‘identity’ in coaching, illustrating processes of subjectivation through discursive (coaching) practice.
Manifestly Covariant Polynomial M5-brane Lagrangians
Creators: name: Bansal, Sukŗti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present polynomial and manifestly covariant M5-brane Lagrangians along with their analyses involving their dynamics, gauge symmetries and their nonlinear selfduality condition. Such Lagrangians can be particularly useful for developments that are otherwise hindered by a non-polynomial structure and singularity of the Lagrangian such as its quantisation. Although on integrating out some of the auxiliary fields these polynomial Lagrangians reduce to the M5-brane Lagrangian given by the Pasti-Sorokin-Tonin (PST) formalism, in the analysis of the polynomial Lagrangians the only remnant of the non-polynomial structure of the PST type Lagrangian appears in the gauge transformation corresponding to an infinitesimal shift of a Stückelberg field. This transformation does not affect the dynamics or the on-shell self-duality condition of the polynomial M5-brane Lagrangians.
description: 36 pages; v3: published version
title: European v. National Constitutions
title: Articles I-5, I-10 Draft Convention
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Pernice, Ingolf
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: European Constitution
subject: European Constitutional Law
subject: European Convention
subject: European Treaty
subject: Federal System
subject: International Organisation
subject: Constitution
subject: European Citizens
subject: Constitutionalism
subject: Legitimacy
subject: Deferral of Competences
subject: 340 Recht

description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: In federal systems public authority is established by the people and exercised for the people at two levels. The treaties establishing the European Union may be conceptualised as the constitution of a supranational public authority, part of a federal system. And what the European Convention has submitted to the European Council to agree upon is an attempt to give this constitution a more coherent, more complete and more appealing form. The new ‘Constitution for Europe’ will be concluded, formally, by an international treaty. But governments and national parliaments will do this on behalf of the citizens of the Union, and insofar as national Constitutions provide for a referendum, the citizens will directly be involved. This Constitution will, therefore, like national constitutions, draw its legitimacy from the people, citizens of the polity, through their constitutional representatives. Legitimacy obtained is similar to that sought for a regular treaty but specific due to the contents and the explicit constitutional claim of the instrument.
Study of the Intermediate Mass Ratio Black Hole Binary Merger up to 1000:1 with Numerical Relativity
Creators: name: Lousto, Carlos O.
name: Healy, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explicitly demonstrate that current numerical relativity techniques are able to accurately evolve black hole binaries with mass ratios of the order of 1000:1. This proof of principle is relevant for future third generation (3G) gravitational wave detectors and space mission LISA, as by purely numerical methods we would be able to accurately compute gravitational waves from the last stages of black hole mergers, as directly predicted by general relativity. We perform a sequence of simulations in the intermediate to small mass ratio regime, $m_1^p/m_2^p = 1/7, 1/16, 1/32, 1/64, 1/128, 1/256, 1/512, 1/1024$, with the small hole starting from rest at a proper distance $D\approx13M$. We compare these headon full numerical evolutions with the corresponding semianalytic point particle perturbative results finding an impressive agreement for the total gravitational radiated energy and linear momentum as well as for the waveform spectra. We display numerical convergence of the results and identify the minimal numerical resolutions required to accurately solve for these very low amplitude gravitational waves. This work represents a first step towards the considerable challenge of applying numerical-relativity waveforms to interpreting gravitational-wave observations by LISA and next-generation ground-based gravitational-wave detectors.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Update of $\mathcal{H}Φ$: Newly added functions and methods in versions 2 and 3
Creators: name: Ido, Kota
name: Kawamura, Mitsuaki
name: Motoyama, Yuichi
name: Yoshimi, Kazuyoshi
name: Yamaji, Youhei
name: Todo, Synge
name: Kawashima, Naoki
name: Misawa, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $\mathcal{H}Φ$ [$aitch$-$phi$] is an open-source software package of numerically exact and stochastic calculations for a wide range of quantum many-body systems. In this paper, we present the newly added functions and the implemented methods in vers. 2 and 3. In ver. 2, we implement spectrum calculations by the shifted Krylov method, and low-energy excited state calculations by the locally optimal blocking preconditioned conjugate gradient (LOBPCG) method. In ver. 3, we implement the full diagonalization method using ScaLAPACK and GPGPU computing via MAGMA. We also implement a real-time evolution method and the canonical thermal pure quantum (cTPQ) state method for finite-temperature calculations. The Wannier90 format for specifying the Hamiltonians is also implemented. Using the Wannier90 format, it is possible to perform the calculations for the $ab$ $initio$ low-energy effective Hamiltonians of solids obtained by the open-source software RESPACK. We also update Standard mode $\unicode{x2014}$simplified input format in $\mathcal{H}Φ$$\unicode{x2014}$ to use these functions and methods. We explain the basics of the implemented methods and how to use them.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables
A new approach to modified q-Bernstein polynomials for functions of two variables with their generating and interpolation functions
Creators: name: Acikgoz, Mehmet
name: Araci, Serkan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The aim of this paper is to give a new approach to modified q-Bernstein polynomials for functions of two variables. By using these type polynomials, we derive recurrence formulas and some new interesting identities related to the second kind Stirling numbers and generalized Bernoulli polynomials. Moreover, we give the generating function and interpolation function of these modified q-Bernstein polynomials of two variables and also give the derivatives of these polynomials and their generating function.
description: 11 pages
Functional Renormalization Group Study of Superconductivity in Rhombohedral Trilayer Graphene
Creators: name: Qin, Wei
name: Huang, Chunli
name: Wolf, Tobias
name: Wei, Nemin
name: Blinov, Igor
name: MacDonald, Allan H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ a functional renormalization group approach to ascertain the pairing mechanism and symmetry of the superconducting phase observed in rhombohedral trilayer graphene. Superconductivity in this system occurs in a regime of carrier density and displacement field with a weakly distorted annular Fermi sea. We find that repulsive Coulomb interactions can induce electron pairing on the Fermi surface by taking advantage of momentum-space structure associated with the finite width of the Fermi sea annulus. The degeneracy between spin-singlet and spin-triplet pairing is lifted by valley-exchange interactions that strengthen under the RG flow and develop nontrivial momentum-space structure. We find that the leading pairing instability is $d$-wave-like and spin-singlet, and that the theoretical phase diagram versus carrier density and displacement field agrees qualitatively with experiment.
description: 7+24 pages, 5+14 figures, 1+3 tables
Inductive principles for learning Restricted Boltzmann Machines
Creators: name: Swersky, Kevin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: We explore the training and usage of the Restricted Boltzmann Machine for unsupervised feature extraction. We investigate the many different aspects involved in their training, and by applying the concept of iterate averaging we show that it is possible to greatly improve on state of the art algorithms. We also derive estimators based on the principles of pseudo-likelihood, ratio matching, and score matching, and we test them empirically against contrastive divergence, and stochastic maximum likelihood (also known as persistent contrastive divergence). Our results show that ratio matching and score matching are promising approaches to learning Restricted Boltzmann Machines. By applying score matching to the Restricted Boltzmann Machine, we show that training an auto-encoder neural network with a particular kind of regularization function is asymptotically consistent. Finally, we discuss the concept of deep learning and its relationship to training Restricted Boltzmann Machines, and briefly explore the impact of fine-tuning on the parameters and performance of a deep belief network.
Covid19 Reproduction Number: Credibility Intervals by Blockwise Proximal Monte Carlo Samplers
Creators: name: Fort, Gersende
name: Pascal, Barbara
name: Abry, Patrice
name: Pustelnik, Nelly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Monitoring the Covid19 pandemic constitutes a critical societal stake that received considerable research efforts. The intensity of the pandemic on a given territory is efficiently measured by the reproduction number, quantifying the rate of growth of daily new infections. Recently, estimates for the time evolution of the reproduction number were produced using an inverse problem formulation with a nonsmooth functional minimization. While it was designed to be robust to the limited quality of the Covid19 data (outliers, missing counts), the procedure lacks the ability to output credibility interval based estimates. This remains a severe limitation for practical use in actual pandemic monitoring by epidemiologists that the present work aims to overcome by use of Monte Carlo sampling. After interpretation of the nonsmooth functional into a Bayesian framework, several sampling schemes are tailored to adjust the nonsmooth nature of the resulting posterior distribution. The originality of the devised algorithms stems from combining a Langevin Monte Carlo sampling scheme with Proximal operators. Performance of the new algorithms in producing relevant credibility intervals for the reproduction number estimates and denoised counts are compared. Assessment is conducted on real daily new infection counts made available by the Johns Hopkins University. The interest of the devised monitoring tools are illustrated on Covid19 data from several different countries.
Towards a Nonsingular Bouncing Cosmology
Creators: name: Cai, Yi-Fu
name: Easson, Damien A.
name: Brandenberger, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a nonsingular bouncing cosmology using single scalar field matter with non-trivial potential and non-standard kinetic term. The potential sources a dynamical attractor solution with Ekpyrotic contraction which washes out small amplitude anisotropies. At high energy densities the field evolves into a ghost condensate, leading to a nonsingular bounce. Following the bounce there is a smooth transition to standard expanding radiation and matter dominated phases. Using linear cosmological perturbation theory we track each Fourier mode of the curvature fluctuation throughout the entire cosmic evolution. Using standard matching conditions for nonsingular bouncing cosmologies we verify that the spectral index does not change during the bounce. We show there is a controlled period of exponential growth of the fluctuation amplitude for the perturbations (but not for gravitational waves) around the bounce point which does not invalidate the perturbative treatment. This growth induces a natural suppression mechanism for the tensor to scalar ratio of fluctuations. Moreover, we study the generation of the primordial power spectrum of curvature fluctuations for various types of initial conditions. For the pure vacuum initial condition, on scales which exit the Hubble radius in the phase of Ekpyrotic contraction, the spectrum is deeply blue. For thermal particle initial condition, one possibility for generating a scale-invariant spectrum makes use of a special value of the background equation of state during the contracting Ekpyrotic phase. If the Ekpyrotic phase is preceded by a period of matter-dominated contraction, the primordial power spectrum is nearly scale-invariant on large scales (scales which exit the Hubble radius in the matter-dominated phase) but acquires a large blue tilt on small scales.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures, relevant references added
RED CoMETS: An ensemble classifier for symbolically represented multivariate time series
Creators: name: Bennett, Luca A.
name: Abdallah, Zahraa S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multivariate time series classification is a rapidly growing research field with practical applications in finance, healthcare, engineering, and more. The complexity of classifying multivariate time series data arises from its high dimensionality, temporal dependencies, and varying lengths. This paper introduces a novel ensemble classifier called RED CoMETS (Random Enhanced Co-eye for Multivariate Time Series), which addresses these challenges. RED CoMETS builds upon the success of Co-eye, an ensemble classifier specifically designed for symbolically represented univariate time series, and extends its capabilities to handle multivariate data. The performance of RED CoMETS is evaluated on benchmark datasets from the UCR archive, where it demonstrates competitive accuracy when compared to state-of-the-art techniques in multivariate settings. Notably, it achieves the highest reported accuracy in the literature for the 'HandMovementDirection' dataset. Moreover, the proposed method significantly reduces computation time compared to Co-eye, making it an efficient and effective choice for multivariate time series classification.
description: Accepted by AALTD 2023; fixed typos and minor error in Table 2
Seeing the world in 3D: learning in the community
Creators: name: Kydd, Gillian Susan
Publisher: name: Education
Year: 2004

description: Bibliography: p. 257-262
description: Over the past ten years, we have developed in Calgary an innovative program that helps teachers use the world as their classroom. In this Campus Calgary/Open Minds program, teachers from Grades One through Twelve take their class to one of nine community sites for an entire week. Currently, six thousand Calgary students have this opportunity each year. The concept has spread to eleven other sites across North America, and to Singapore. The expectation is that students will learn in deeper ways when their classroom learning is enhanced with interesting experiences outside the school. The week at the site can be a catalyst for a long-term interdisciplinary study developed by the classroom teacher. Education staff from the Calgary Board of Education, with support from the Calgary Catholic School District, administers the program and work with each participating teacher. A coordinator at each site plans with the teachers to create a week that is tailor-made for each class. A critical component of this experience is time: time for students to slow down and see the world, and time for teachers to slow down and see teaching and learning, and their children, in new ways. The aim of the case study presented in this thesis is two-fold: to describe in Part One the process of establishing the Campus Calgary/Open Minds program, and to examine in Part Two several questions about teaching and learning and the program that have arisen from the experiences we have had over the past ten years. For the latter I have used Elliot Eisner's educational criticism (1998) as a basis for a long-term study of one teacher and her class as they participate in Glenbow Museum School, one of the sites of the program. In Eisner's approach, the connoisseur observes a set of phenomena and then as critic communicates his thinking to others. In this thesis, as in our program, the students, teachers and researcher are part of the entire process of layered observation and interpretation. The focus in the analysis of the teacher's journey is on the "habits of mind" that are central to our program, the complexity of classroom life, and the impact on teacher practice. The final discussion raises questions about teaching and learning in the traditional school setting, and the potential role of the community in the education of its children.
Modelling high entropy alloys with density functional theory
Creators: name: Tan, William
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 499999
subject: Other mathematical sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The aim of this thesis is to study several High Entropy Alloys (HEAs) with seven low-activation elements, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ta, Ti, V, W in order to find new compositions of HEAs for use as nuclear materials. The main focus is to be able to predict how likely an alloy system can form a single phase solid solution. The work forms part of a joint project involving UK experimental groups at Manchester, Sheffield and Oxford Universities and an Indian modelling group from the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) in Mumbai.We investigate equiatomic binary, ternary and quaternary systems by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, special quasi random structures (SQS) have been generated for combinations of the 7 low activation elements. Using modified Hume-Rothery parameters and other criteria, predictions of single phase are made. These predictions were given to our experimental collaborators to make quaternary alloys and investigate their structure using X-ray diffraction. Computational X-ray diffraction spectra were generated for comparison. The quaternary alloy TaTiVW was predicted by computational methods to be single phase and this was verified experimentally. Other properties such as lattice constant and bulk modulus were obtained, and they were found to be in agreement with Vegard’s law. Atomic spacing distributions were investigated to evaluate how much the systems were deformed from the strict BCC structure.A final aim of the project was to begin to understand the role of defects in the materials, by determining the migration pathways and energy barriers of point defects (vacancies and interstitials) in a model system. It was found that V-V and V-Ti dumbells were the favoured interstitial defects and Ta vacancies were preferred. Some preliminary comparisons were made with molecular dynamics simulations of low energy collision cascades with good agreement.
Single Pixel MEMS Spectrometer using Electrothermal Tunable Grating
Creators: name: Jeon, Jaehun
name: Park, Jung-Woo
name: Kim, Gi Beom
name: Ahn, Myeong-Su
name: Jeong, Ki-Hun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Miniaturized spectrometers are widely used for non-destructive and on-field spectral analysis. Here we report a tunable grating-based MEMS spectrometer for visible to near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy. The MEMS spectrometer consists of a spherical mirror and an electrothermally actuated tunable grating. The spectrometer detects the dispersed spectral signal with a single-pixel detector by tilting the diffraction grating. The large tilting angle from electrothermal actuation and highly dispersive diffraction grating improves the spectral range and resolution, respectively. The MEMS spectrometer was fully packaged within 1.7 cm3 and provides a measurable spectral range up to 800 nm with an average 1.96 nm spectral resolution. This miniaturized single-pixel spectrometer can provide diverse applications for advanced mobile spectral analysis in agricultural, industrial, or medical fields.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Early LHC Phenomenology of Yukawa-bound Heavy Q\bar{Q} Mesons
Creators: name: Enkhbat, Tsedenbaljir
name: Hou, Wei-Shu
name: Yokoya, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current limits from the LHC on fourth generation quarks are already at the unitarity bound of 500 GeV or so. If they exist, the strong Yukawa couplings are turning nonperturbative, and may form bound states. We study the domain of m_{b'} and m_{t'} in the range of 500 to 700 GeV, where we expect binding energies are mainly of Yukawa origin, with QCD subdominant. To be consistent with electroweak precision tests, the t' and b' quarks have to be nearly degenerate, exhibiting a new "isospin". Comparing relativistic expansion with a relativistic bound state approach, we find the most interesting is the production of a color octet, isosinglet vector meson (a "gluon-prime") via q\bar{q} to ω_8. Leading decay modes are π_8^\pm W^\mp, π_8^0Z^0, and constituent quark decay, with q\bar{q} and t\bar{t}' and b\bar{b}' subdominant. The color octet, isovector pseudoscalar π_8 meson decays via constituent quark decay, or to Wg. These decay rates are parameterized by the decay constant, the binding energy and mass differences, and V_{tb'}. For small V_{t'b}, one could have a spectacular signal of WWg, where a soft W accompanies a very massive Wg pair. In general, however, one has high multiplicity signals with b, W and t jet substructures that are not so different from t'\bar{t}' and b'\bar{b}' search.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures; references added
Memory cost of quantum protocols
Creators: name: Bisio, Alessandro
name: D'Ariano, Giacomo Mauro
name: Perinotti, Paolo
name: Sedlak, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider the problem of minimizing the ancillary systems required to realize an arbitrary strategy of a quantum protocol, with the assistance of classical memory. For this purpose we introduce the notion of memory cost of a strategy, which measures the resources required in terms of ancillary dimension. We provide a condition for the cost to be equal to a given value, and we use this result to evaluate the cost in some special cases. As an example we show that any covariant protocol for the cloning of a unitary transformation requires at most one ancillary qubit. We also prove that the memory cost has to be determined globally, and cannot be calculated by optimizing the resources independently at each step of the strategy.
description: 9 pages
Supporting data for: Optimal design of a toroidal field magnet system and cost of electricity implications for a tokamak using high temperature superconductors
Creators: name: Lee, T. S.
name: Jenkins, I.
name: Surrey, Elizabeth
name: Hampshire, Damian
Publisher: name: Durham University
Year: 2016
Subjects: High temperature superconductors
PROCESS
cost electricity
Toroidal field magnets

description: The potential for reducing the Cost of Electricity (CoE) by using High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) in the Toroidal Field (TF) coils of a fusion tokamak power plant has been investigated using a new HTS module in the PROCESS systems code.  We report the CoE and the design of HTS tokamaks that have been optimized by minimising the major radius of the plasma. Potential future improvements in both the superconducting properties and the structural materials for TF coils operating at 4.8 K and 30 K are considered. Increasing the critical current density by a factor of 10 (with a commensurate reduction in costs kA^{-1} m^{-1}) results in a CoE 4.4 % less than equivalent tokamaks using current low temperature superconductors (LTS). If the yield strength of the TF casing material is increased by 40 % to 1400 MPa, the CoE is further reduced by 3.4 %. Implementing both improvements and operating the TF coils at 4.8 K leads to  CoE of 19.1 (10.1) €cent kW^{-1} h^{-1} for a 500 MW (1.5 GW) HTS reactor compared to 20.7 (11.1) €cent kW^{-1} h^{-1} for an LTS reactor (2013 costs). Operating the HTS TF coils at 30 K with both improvements, gives a similar CoE for HTS and LTS tokamaks.
Enumeration of symmetric arc diagrams
Creators: name: Gil, Juan B.
name: Lopez, Luis E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A15, 05A19

description: We give recurrence relations for the enumeration of symmetric elements within four classes of arc diagrams corresponding to certain involutions and set partitions whose blocks contain no consecutive integers. These arc diagrams are motivated by the study of RNA secondary structures. For example, classic RNA secondary structures correspond to 3412-avoiding involutions with no adjacent transpositions, and structures with base triples may be represented as partitions with crossings. Our results rely on combinatorial arguments. In particular, we use Motzkin paths to describe noncrossing arc diagrams that have no arc connecting two adjacent nodes, and we give an explicit bijection to ternary words whose length coincides with the sum of their digits. We also discuss the asymptotic behavior of some of the sequences considered here in order to quantify the extremely low probability of finding symmetric structures with a large number of nodes.
description: 17 pages. Final version accepted for publication in Involve, a Journal of Mathematics
General Purpose Artificial Intelligence Systems (GPAIS): Properties, Definition, Taxonomy, Societal Implications and Responsible Governance
Creators: name: Triguero, Isaac
name: Molina, Daniel
name: Poyatos, Javier
name: Del Ser, Javier
name: Herrera, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) are designed for a confined and specific task. However, there are many scenarios that call for a more general AI, capable of solving a wide array of tasks without being specifically designed for them. The term General-Purpose Artificial Intelligence Systems (GPAIS) has been defined to refer to these AI systems. To date, the possibility of an Artificial General Intelligence, powerful enough to perform any intellectual task as if it were human, or even improve it, has remained an aspiration, fiction, and considered a risk for our society. Whilst we might still be far from achieving that, GPAIS is a reality and sitting at the forefront of AI research. This work discusses existing definitions for GPAIS and proposes a new definition that allows for a gradual differentiation among types of GPAIS according to their properties and limitations. We distinguish between closed-world and open-world GPAIS, characterising their degree of autonomy and ability based on several factors such as adaptation to new tasks, competence in domains not intentionally trained for, ability to learn from few data, or proactive acknowledgment of their own limitations. We propose a taxonomy of approaches to realise GPAIS, describing research trends such as the use of AI techniques to improve another AI (AI-powered AI) or (single) foundation models. As a prime example, we delve into GenAI, aligning them with the concepts presented in the taxonomy. We explore multi-modality, which involves fusing various types of data sources to expand the capabilities of GPAIS. Through the proposed definition and taxonomy, our aim is to facilitate research collaboration across different areas that are tackling general purpose tasks, as they share many common aspects. Finally, we discuss the state of GPAIS, prospects, societal implications, and the need for regulation and governance.
SelfAPR: Self-supervised Program Repair with Test Execution Diagnostics
Creators: name: Ye, He
name: Martinez, Matias
name: Luo, Xiapu
name: Zhang, Tao
name: Monperrus, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learning-based program repair has achieved good results in a recent series of papers. Yet, we observe that the related work fails to repair some bugs because of a lack of knowledge about 1) the application domain of the program being repaired, and 2) the fault type being repaired. In this paper, we solve both problems by changing the learning paradigm from supervised training to self-supervised training in an approach called SelfAPR. First, SelfAPR generates training samples on disk by perturbing a previous version of the program being repaired, enforcing the neural model to capture projectspecific knowledge. This is different from the previous work based on mined past commits. Second, SelfAPR executes all training samples and extracts and encodes test execution diagnostics into the input representation, steering the neural model to fix the kind of fault. This is different from the existing studies that only consider static source code as input. We implement SelfAPR and evaluate it in a systematic manner. We generate 1 039 873 training samples obtained by perturbing 17 open-source projects. We evaluate SelfAPR on 818 bugs from Defects4J, SelfAPR correctly repairs 110 of them, outperforming all the supervised learning repair approaches.
Discovery of Hydrogen Fluoride in the Cloverleaf Quasar at z = 2.56
Creators: name: Monje, R. R.
name: Phillips, T. G.
name: Peng, R.
name: Lis, D. C.
name: Neufeld, D. A.
name: Emprechtinger, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first detection of hydrogen fluoride (HF) toward a high redshift quasar. Using the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO) we detect the HF J = 1 - 0 transition in absorption toward the Cloverleaf, a broad absorption line (BAL) quasi-stellar object (QSO) at z=2.56. The detection is statistically significant at the ~ 6 sigma level. We estimate a lower limit of 4 \times 1014 cm-2 for the HF column density and using a previous estimate of the hydrogen column density, we obtain a lower limit of 1.7 \times 10-9 for the HF abundance. This value suggests that, assuming a Galactic N(HF)/NH ratio, HF accounts for at least ~10% of the fluorine in the gas phase along the line of sight to the Cloverleaf quasar. This observation corroborates the prediction that HF should be a good probe of the molecular gas at high redshift. Measurements of the HF abundance as a function of redshift are urgently needed to better constrain the fluorine nucleosynthesis mechanism(s).
Differential Evolution Algorithm based Hyper-Parameters Selection of Transformer Neural Network Model for Load Forecasting
Creators: name: Sen, Anuvab
name: Mazumder, Arul Rhik
name: Sen, Udayon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurate load forecasting plays a vital role in numerous sectors, but accurately capturing the complex dynamics of dynamic power systems remains a challenge for traditional statistical models. For these reasons, time-series models (ARIMA) and deep-learning models (ANN, LSTM, GRU, etc.) are commonly deployed and often experience higher success. In this paper, we analyze the efficacy of the recently developed Transformer-based Neural Network model in Load forecasting. Transformer models have the potential to improve Load forecasting because of their ability to learn long-range dependencies derived from their Attention Mechanism. We apply several metaheuristics namely Differential Evolution to find the optimal hyperparameters of the Transformer-based Neural Network to produce accurate forecasts. Differential Evolution provides scalable, robust, global solutions to non-differentiable, multi-objective, or constrained optimization problems. Our work compares the proposed Transformer based Neural Network model integrated with different metaheuristic algorithms by their performance in Load forecasting based on numerical metrics such as Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Our findings demonstrate the potential of metaheuristic-enhanced Transformer-based Neural Network models in Load forecasting accuracy and provide optimal hyperparameters for each model.
description: 6 Pages, 6 Figures, 2 Tables, Accepted by the 14th IEEE International Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI 2023), December 5-8, 2023, Mexico City, Mexico
Deep follow-up for gravitational-wave inference: a case study with GW151226
Creators: name: Vajpeyi, Avi
name: Smith, Rory
name: Thrane, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New analyses of gravitational wave events raise questions about the nature of some events. For example, LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA initially determined GW151226 to be a merger with a mass-ratio $q\approx0.5$ and effective inspiral spin $χ_{\text{eff}}\approx 0.2$. However, recent works offer an alternative picture: GW151226 is a lower-mass-ratio event $q \approx 0.3$ with slightly higher spin $χ_{\text{eff}}\approx 0.3$. This discrepancy has been challenging to resolve as a wide range of differences are employed for each analysis. This work introduces a ``deep follow-up'' framework to efficiently compute the posterior odds between two different peaks in parameter space. In doing so, we aim to help resolve disputes about the true nature of gravitational-wave events associated with conflicting astrophysical interpretations. Our proposal is not a replacement for standard inference techniques; instead, our method provides a diagnostic tool to understand discrepancies between conflicting results. We demonstrate this method by studying three {$q$-$χ_{\text{eff}}$} peaks proposed for GW151226. We find the $(q\sim0.5, χ_{\text{eff}}\sim0.2)$ interpretation is only slightly preferred over the $(q\sim0.3, χ_{\text{eff}}\sim0.3)$ hypothesis with a posterior odds of $\sim1.7\pm0.4$, suggesting that neither of the two peaks can be ruled out. We discuss strategies to produce more reliable parameter estimation studies in gravitational-wave astronomy.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Two O2 If*/WN6 stars possibly ejected from the massive young Galactic cluster Westerlund 2
Creators: name: Roman-Lopes, A.
name: Barba, R. H.
name: Morrell, N. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we report the identification of two new Galactic O2 If*/WN6 stars (WR20aa and WR20c), in the outskirt of the massive young stellar cluster Westerlund 2. The morphological similarity between the near-infrared spectra of the new stars with that of WR20a and WR21a (two of the most massive binaries known to date) is remarkable, indicating that probably they are also very massive stars. New optical spectroscopic observations of WR20aa suggest an intermediate O2 If*/WN6 spectral type. Based on a mosaic made from the 3.6 microns Spitzer IRAC images of the region including part of the RCW49 complex, we studied the spatial location of the new emission line stars, finding that WR20aa and WR20c are well displaced from the centre of Westerlund 2, being placed at ~ 36 pc (15.7 arcmin) and ~ 58 pc (25.0 arcmin) respectively, for an assumed heliocentric distance of 8 kpc. Also very remarkably, a radius vector connecting both stars would intercept the Westerlund 2 cluster exactly at the place where its stellar density reaches a maximum. We consequently postulate a scenario in which WR20aa and WR20c had a common origin somewhere in the cluster core, being ejected from their birthplace by dynamical interacion with some other very massive objects, perhaps during some earlier stage of the cluster evolution.
description: Published by MNRAS 25 JUL 2011
Allodia ornaticollis
Creators: name: El Mouden, Mohamed Amin
name: Chandler, Peter J.
name: Saidoun, Imane
name: Driauach, Ouafaa
name: Belqat, Boutaïna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Mycetophilidae
Allodia
Allodia ornaticollis

description: Allodia ornaticollis (Meigen, 1818)
Material examined.
Morocco – Middle Atlas Region • 1 ♂; Gouffre Izora; 19/V/2022; K. Aattouch, M. El Ouahabi and M. A. El Mouden leg; UAE-FST MA 22/2454.
North African distribution.
New to Morocco and North Africa.
description: Published as part of El Mouden, Mohamed Amin, Chandler, Peter J., Saidoun, Imane, Driauach, Ouafaa & Belqat, Boutaïna, 2025, A new species of Docosia Winnertz, 1864 and new records of fungus gnats (Diptera, Bolitophilidae, Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae) from North Africa, pp. 349-379 in ZooKeys 1233 on pages 349-379, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.130502
Quantum Monte Carlo in Configuration Space with Three-Nucleon Forces
Creators: name: Arthuis, Pierre
name: Barbieri, Carlo
name: Pederiva, Francesco
name: Roggero, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron matter, through its connection to neutron stars as well as systems like cold atom gases, is one of the most interesting yet computationally accessible systems in nuclear physics. The Configuration-Interaction Monte Carlo (CIMC) method is a stochastic many-body technique allowing to tackle strongly coupled systems. In contrast to other Quantum Monte Carlo methods employed in nuclear physics, the CIMC method can be formulated directly in momentum space allowing for an efficient use of non-local interactions. In this work we extend CIMC method to include three-nucleon interactions through the normal-ordered two-body approximation. We present results for the equation of state of neutron matter in line with other many-body calculations that employ low resolution chiral interactions, and provide predictions for the momentum distribution and the static structure factor.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
The DESC Stellarator Code Suite Part III: Quasi-symmetry optimization
Creators: name: Dudt, Daniel
name: Conlin, Rory
name: Panici, Dario
name: Kolemen, Egemen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The DESC stellarator optimization code takes advantage of advanced numerical methods to search the full parameter space much faster than conventional tools. Only a single equilibrium solution is needed at each optimization step thanks to automatic differentiation, which efficiently provides exact derivative information. A Gauss-Newton trust-region optimization method uses second-order derivative information to take large steps in parameter space and converges rapidly. With just-in-time compilation and GPU portability, high-dimensional stellarator optimization runs take orders of magnitude less computation time with DESC compared to other approaches. This paper presents the theory of the DESC fixed-boundary local optimization algorithm along with demonstrations of how to easily implement it in the code. Example quasi-symmetry optimizations are shown and compared to results from conventional tools. Three different forms of quasi-symmetry objectives are available in DESC, and their relative advantages are discussed in detail. In the examples presented, the triple product formulation yields the best optimization results in terms of minimized computation time and particle transport. This paper concludes with an explanation of how the modular code suite can be extended to accommodate other types of optimization problems.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, 2 listings