cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The conformal loop ensemble nesting field
Creators: name: Miller, Jason
name: Watson, Samuel S.
name: Wilson, David B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60J67, 60F10, 60D05, 37A25

description: The conformal loop ensemble CLE$_κ$ with parameter $8/3 < κ< 8$ is the canonical conformally invariant measure on countably infinite collections of non-crossing loops in a simply connected domain. We show that the number of loops surrounding an $\varepsilon$-ball (a random function of $z$ and $\varepsilon$) minus its expectation converges almost surely as $\varepsilon\to 0$ to a random conformally invariant limit in the space of distributions, which we call the nesting field. We generalize this result by assigning i.i.d. weights to the loops, and we treat an alternate notion of convergence to the nesting field in the case where the weight distribution has mean zero. We also establish estimates for moments of the number of CLE loops surrounding two given points.
description: 38 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1401.0217
Halichoerus grypus
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Phocidae
Halichoerus
Halichoerus grypus

description: Halichoerus grypus (Fabricius, 1791). Skr. Nat. Selsk. Copenhagen, 1 (2):167. TYPE LOCALITY: Greenland (Denmark). DISTRIBUTION: Newfoundland area; Iceland; Britain; Norway; Kola Peninsula (U.S. S. R.). ISIS NUMBER: 5301413002003001001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 286, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
title: East African Journal of Sciences, Vol. 17 No. 1 (2022): East African Journal of Sciences
title: East African Journal of Sciences
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: East African Journal Of Sciences
Publisher: name: East African Journal of Sciences
Year: 2023

description: The East African Journal of Sciences (EAJS) publishes original scientific papers and disseminates scientific and technological information to the users in Eastern Africa and elsewhere in the world. It also enhances exchange of ideas among scientists engaged in research and development activities and accepts papers from anywhere else in the world.
description: Registering a New Green Super Rice Variety Named “Selam” for Cultivation in Ethiopia...103-108 Registration of “Mi’oftu” Speckled Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Variety...99-102 Registration of ‘Babile-4’ and ‘Babile-5’ Groundnut Varieties...95-98 Growth Performance and Sexual Maturity of Two Exotic Chicken Breeds...83-94 Validation of the ‘Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS)’ for Measuring Marital Relationship among Oromo Language Speaking Ethiopian Families at Burayu Town, Central Ethiopia...71-82 Preparation and Consumption of Shameta: An Indigenous Cereal-based Fermented Porridge in Western Ethiopia...55-70 Effects of Urbanization on Welfare of Peri-urban Households in Central and North Gondar Zones, Ethiopia...43-54 Parasites of Commercially Important Fish Species Caught for Food in Lake Ziway, Ethiopia...33-42 Determinants of Commercializing Crop Outputs of Smallholder Farmers in West Gojjam Zone, North-western Ethiopia...19-32 Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) Varieties to Rates of Mineral Nitrogen Fertilizer Application in Haramaya District, Eastern Highlands of Ethiopia...1-18
Toward integrative cancer immunotherapy: targeting the tumor microenvironment
Creators: name: Emens, Leisha A.
name: Silverstein, Samuel C.
name: Khleif, Samir
name: Marincola, Francesco M.
name: Galon, Jérôme
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Tumors--Treatment
Medicine--Research
Cancer--Immunotherapy
Medicine
Biochemistry
Oncology

description: The development of cancer has historically been attributed to genomic alterations of normal host cells. Accordingly, the aim of most traditional cancer therapies has been to destroy the transformed cells themselves. There is now widespread appreciation that the progressive growth and metastatic spread of cancer cells requires the cooperation of normal host cells (endothelial cells, fibroblasts, other mesenchymal cells, and immune cells), both local to, and at sites distant from, the site at which malignant transformation occurs. It is the balance of these cellular interactions that both determines the natural history of the cancer, and influences its response to therapy. This active tumor-host dynamic has stimulated interest in the tumor microenvironment as a key target for both cancer diagnosis and therapy. Recent data has demonstrated both that the presence of CD8+ T cells within a tumor is associated with a good prognosis, and that the eradication of all malignantly transformed cells within a tumor requires that the intra-tumoral concentration of cytolytically active CD8+ effector T cells remain above a critical concentration until every tumor cell has been killed. These findings have stimulated two initiatives in the field of cancer immunotherapy that focus on the tumor microenvironment. The first is the development of the immune score as part of the routine diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of human cancers, and the second is the development of combinatorial immune-based therapies that reduce tumor-associated immune suppression to unleash pre-existing or therapeutically-induced tumor immunity. In support of these efforts, the Society for the Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) is sponsoring a workshop entitled "Focus on the Target: The Tumor Microenvironment" to be held October 24-25, 2012 in Bethesda, Maryland. This meeting should support development of the immune score, and result in a position paper highlighting opportunities for the development of integrative cancer immunotherapies that sculpt the tumor microenvironment to promote definitive tumor rejection.
Second magnetization peak, anomalous field penetration, and Josephson vortices in KCa$_2$Fe$_4$As$_4$F$_2$ bilayer pnictide superconductor
Creators: name: Lopes, P. V.
name: Sundar, Shyam
name: Salem-Sugui,, S.
name: Hong, Wenshan
name: Luo, Huiqian
name: Ghivelder, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed magnetization measurements in a single crystal of the anisotropic bilayer pnictide superconductor KCa$_2$Fe$_4$As$_4$F$_2$, with $T_c$ $\simeq$ 34 K, for $H$$\parallel$$c$-axis and $H$$\parallel$$ab$-planes. A second magnetization peak (SMP) was observed in the isothermal $M(H)$ curves measured below 16 K for $H$$\parallel$$ab$-planes. A peak in the temperature variation of the critical current density, $J_{c}$($T$), at 16 K, strongly suggests the emergence of Josephson vortices at lower temperatures, which leads to the SMP in the sample. In addition, it is noticed that the appearance of Josephson vortices below 16 K renders easy magnetic flux penetration. A detailed vortex dynamics study suggests that the SMP can be explained in terms of elastic pinning to plastic pinning crossover. Furthermore, contrary to the common understanding, the temperature variation of the first peak field, $H_1$, below and above 16 K, behaves non-monotonically. A highly disordered vortex phase, governed by plastic pinning, has been observed between 17 K and 23 K, within a field region around an extremely large first peak field. Pinning force scaling suggests that the point defects are the dominant source of pinning for $H$ $\parallel$$ab$-planes, whereas, for H $\parallel$$c$-axis, point defects in addition to surface defects are at play. Such disorder contributes to the pinning due to the variation in charge carrier mean free path, $δ$$l$-pinning. Moreover, the large $J_c$ observed in our study is consistent with the literature, which advocates this material for high magnetic field applications.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Hydrurga Gistel 1848
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Phocidae
Hydrurga

description: Hydrurga Gistel, 1848. Nat. Thier, fur höhere Schulen, p. xi. ISIS NUMBER: 5301413002005000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 286, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
How many neutrophils are enough (redux, redux)?
Creators: name: Silverstein, Samuel C.
name: Rabadan, Raul
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Neutrophils
subject: Medicine--Research
subject: Neutropenia
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Medical sciences

description: Many chemotherapeutic regimens produce neutropenia, which predisposes to microbial infection. However, not all neutropenic individuals develop infections, so the ability to predict this outcome would be a powerful clinical tool. In this issue of the JCI, Malka et al. describe a dynamic system model of neutrophil bactericidal activity that confirms and extends the concept of critical neutrophil concentration. The authors demonstrate that when the neutrophil concentration approaches the critical concentration, bacterial populations in contact with them exhibit bistability. Their experimental findings raise the intriguing possibility of greater variability in bactericidal activity of neutrophils from healthy adults than heretofore recognized; their model predicts that this could have life-and-death consequences.
Hydrurga leptonyx
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Phocidae
Hydrurga
Hydrurga leptonyx

description: Hydrurga leptonyx (Blainville, 1820). J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts Paris, 91:298. TYPE LOCALITY: Falkland Isis. (U.K.). DISTRIBUTION: Circumpolar, in southern oceans. ISIS NUMBER: 5301413002005001001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 287, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
Tissue Specificity of Human Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme
Creators: name: Kryukova, Olga V.
name: Tikhomirova, Victoria E.
name: Golukhova, Elena Z.
name: Evdokimov, Valery V.
name: Trakht, Ilya
name: Kalantarov, Gavreel
name: Dull, Randal O.
name: Schwartz, David E.
name: Kost, Olga A.
name: Gusakov, Alexander V.
name: Uporov, Igor V.
name: Danilov, Sergei M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Semen
Prostate
Epididymis
Epithelial cells
Angiotensin converting enzyme
Medicine

description: Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which metabolizes many peptides and plays a key role in blood pressure regulation and vascular remodeling, as well as in reproductive functions, is expressed as a type-1 membrane glycoprotein on the surface of endothelial and epithelial cells. ACE also presents as a soluble form in biological fluids, among which seminal fluid being the richest in ACE content - 50-fold more than that in blood. Methods/Principal Findings: We performed conformational fingerprinting of lung and seminal fluid ACEs using a set of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to 17 epitopes of human ACE and determined the effects of potential ACE-binding partners on mAbs binding to these two different ACEs. Patterns of mAbs binding to ACEs from lung and from seminal fluid dramatically differed, which reflects difference in the local conformations of these ACEs, likely due to different patterns of ACE glycosylation in the lung endothelial cells and epithelial cells of epididymis/prostate (source of seminal fluid ACE), confirmed by mass-spectrometry of ACEs tryptic digests. Conclusions: Dramatic differences in the local conformations of seminal fluid and lung ACEs, as well as the effects of ACE-binding partners on mAbs binding to these ACEs, suggest different regulation of ACE functions and shedding from epithelial cells in epididymis and prostate and endothelial cells of lung capillaries. The differences in local conformation of ACE could be the base for the generation of mAbs distinguishing tissue-specific ACEs.
Mechanical fluidity of fully suspended biological cells
Creators: name: Maloney, John M.
name: Lehnhardt, Eric
name: Long, Alexandra F.
name: Van Vliet, Krystyn J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mechanical characteristics of single biological cells are used to identify and possibly leverage interesting differences among cells or cell populations. Fluidity---hysteresivity normalized to the extremes of an elastic solid or a viscous liquid---can be extracted from, and compared among, multiple rheological measurements of cells: creep compliance vs. time, complex modulus vs. frequency, and phase lag vs. frequency. With multiple strategies available for acquisition of this nondimensional property, fluidity may serve as a useful and robust parameter for distinguishing cell populations, and for understanding the physical origins of deformability in soft matter. Here, for three disparate eukaryotic cell types deformed in the suspended state via optical stretching, we examine the dependence of fluidity on chemical and environmental influences around a time scale of 1 s. We find that fluidity estimates are consistent in the time and the frequency domains under a structural damping (power-law or fractional derivative)model, but not under an equivalent-complexity lumpedcomponent (spring-dashpot) model; the latter predicts spurious time constants. Although fluidity is suppressed by chemical crosslinking, we find that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion in the cell does not measurably alter the parameter, and thus conclude that active ATP-driven events are not a crucial enabler of fluidity during linear viscoelastic deformation of a suspended cell. Finally, by using the capacity of optical stretching to produce near-instantaneous increases in cell temperature, we establish that fluidity increases with temperature---now measured in a fully suspended, sortable cell without the complicating factor of cell-substratum adhesion.
Leptonychotes Gill 1872
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Phocidae
Leptonychotes

description: Leptonychotes Gill, 1872. Smithson. Mise. Coll., ll(230):70. ISIS NUMBER: 5301413002006000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 287, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
Universal Scaling Law to Predict the Efficiency of Magnetic Nanoparticles as MRI T2-Contrast Agents
Creators: name: Vuong, Q. L.
name: Berret, J. -F.
name: Fresnais, J.
name: Gossuin, Y.
name: Sandre, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic particles are very efficient Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents. In the recent years, chemists have unleashed their imagination to design multi-functional nanoprobes for biomedical applications including MRI contrast enhancement. This study is focused on the direct relationship between the size and magnetization of the particles and their nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation properties, which condition their efficiency. Experimental relaxation results with maghemite particles exhibiting a wide range of sizes and magnetizations are compared to previously published data and to well-established relaxation theories with a good agreement. This allows deriving the experimental master curve of the transverse relaxivity versus particle size and to predict the MRI contrast efficiency of any type of magnetic nanoparticles. This prediction only requires the knowledge of the size of the particles impermeable to water protons and the saturation magnetization of the corresponding volume. To predict the T2 relaxation efficiency of magnetic single crystals, the crystal size and magnetization obtained through a single Langevin fit of a magnetization curve is the only information needed. For contrast agents made of several magnetic cores assembled into various geometries (dilute fractal aggregates, dense spherical clusters, core-shell micelles, hollow vesicles), one needs to know a third parameter, namely the intra-aggregate volume fraction occupied by the magnetic materials relatively to the whole (hydrodynamic) sphere. Finally a calculation of the maximum achievable relaxation effect and the size needed to reach this maximum is performed for different cases: maghemite single crystals and dense clusters, core-shell particles (oxide layer around a metallic core) and zinc manganese ferrite crystals.
description: 28 pages, 2 figures
title: Kurze Beschreibung der Diebstählen derjenigen vier Erzböswichter, welche seit dem 8ten April 1779 zu Diessenhofen am Rhein inhaftirt gelegen, und den 23ten Brachmonat darnach allda mit dem Strang hingerichtet worden; 1779
title: samt ihrem Urtheil, als auch einer Beschreibung ihrer angegebenen schädlichsten Mitconsorten ; dem Nebenmenschen zum Besten in den Druck gegeben ; mit Bewilligung der Obrigkeit
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2009

description: In Fraktur
Optimal Placement of Instructions and Definitions in Survey Questionnaires
Creators: name: Ridolfo, Heather
name: Biagas Jr, David
name: Ridolfo, Heather
name: Biagas Jr, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Establishment surveys often ask about complex constructs that require instructions and definitions. However, respondents do not always fully read survey questions and are less inclined to read auxiliary information, such as instructions. The visual design on the questionnaire can impact what respondents attend to when completing a questionnaire. The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) conducted a study designed to assess the optimal placement of question instructions and definitions to increase the likelihood that they are seen by respondents. Using Tobii eye tracking software, NASS examined which question formats respondents were most likely to attend to when responding to a survey: single-banked instructions, double-banked instructions, definitions preceding survey questions, definitions following survey questions, and definitions within a matrix.
MHC Class I Expression by Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cells Is Required to Prevent NK Cell Attack in Allogeneic, but Not Syngeneic Recipient Mice
Creators: name: Hirata, Yuichi
name: Li, Hao Wei
name: Takahashi, Kazuko
name: Ishii, Hiroshi
name: Sykes, Megan
name: Fujisaki, Joji
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Cell differentiation
Hematopoietic stem cells
Major histocompatibility complex
Bone marrow cells
Killer cells
Medicine

description: NK cells resist engraftment of syngeneic and allogeneic bone marrow (BM) cells lacking major histocompatibility (MHC) class I molecules, suggesting a critical role for donor MHC class I molecules in preventing NK cell attack against donor hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), and their derivatives. However, using high-resolution in vivo imaging, we demonstrated here that syngeneic MHC class I knockout (KO) donor HSPCs persist with the same survival frequencies as wild-type donor HSPCs. In contrast, syngeneic MHC class I KO differentiated hematopoietic cells and allogeneic MHC class I KO HSPCs were rejected in a manner that was significantly inhibited by NK cell depletion. In vivo time-lapse imaging demonstrated that mice receiving allogeneic MHC class I KO HSPCs showed a significant increase in NK cell motility and proliferation as well as frequencies of NK cell contact with and killing of HSPCs as compared to mice receiving wild-type HSPCs. The data indicate that donor MHC class I molecules are required to prevent NK cell-mediated rejection of syngeneic differentiated cells and allogeneic HSPCs, but not of syngeneic HSPCs.
Gains in Life Expectancy Associated with Higher Education in Men
Creators: name: Bijwaard, Govert E.
name: Van Poppel, Frans
name: Ekamper, Peter
name: Lumey, L. H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Education, Higher
Intellect
Educational attainment
Social status
Life expectancy
Gerontology

description: Background: Many studies show large differences in life expectancy across the range of education, intelligence, and socio-economic status. As educational attainment, intelligence, and socio-economic status are highly interrelated, appropriate methods are required to disentangle their separate effects. The aim of this paper is to present a novel method to estimate gains in life expectancy specifically associated with increased education. Our analysis is based on a structural model in which education level, IQ at age 18 and mortality all depend on (latent) intelligence. The model allows for (selective) educational choices based on observed factors and on an unobserved factor capturing intelligence. Our estimates are based on information from health examinations of military conscripts born in 1944–1947 in The Netherlands and their vital status through age 66 (n = 39,798). Results: Our empirical results show that men with higher education have lower mortality. Using structural models to account for education choice, the estimated gain in life expectancy for men moving up one educational level ranges from 0.3 to 2 years. The estimated gain in months alive over the observational period ranges from -1.2 to 5.7 months. The selection effect is positive and amounts to a gain of one to two months. Decomposition of the selection effect shows that the gain from selection on (latent) intelligence is larger than the gain from selection on observed factors and amounts to 1.0 to 1.7 additional months alive. Conclusion: Our findings confirm the strong selection into education based on socio-economic status and intelligence. They also show significant higher life expectancy among individuals with higher education after the selectivity of education choice has been taken into account. Based on these estimates, it is plausible therefore that increases in education could lead to increases in life expectancy.
Quantifying the Human Impacts on Papua New Guinea Reef Fish Communities across Space and Time
Creators: name: Drew, Joshua Adam
name: Amatangelo, Kathryn L.
name: Hufbauer, Ruth A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fishes--Effect of human beings on
subject: Biodiversity conservation
subject: Coral reef conservation
subject: Conservation biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Describing the drivers of species loss and of community change are important goals in both conservation and ecology. However, it is difficult to determine whether exploited species decline due to direct effects of harvesting or due to other environmental perturbations brought about by proximity to human populations. Here we quantify differences in species richness of coral reef fish communities along a human population gradient in Papua New Guinea to understand the relative impacts of fishing and environmental perturbation. Using data from published species lists we categorize the reef fishes as either fished or non-fished based on their body size and reports from the published literature. Species diversity for both fished and non-fished groups decreases as the size of the local human population increases, and this relationship is stronger in species that are fished. Additionally, comparison of modern and museum collections show that modern reef communities have proportionally fewer fished species relative to 19th century ones. Together these findings show that the reef fish communities of Papua New Guinea experience multiple anthropogenic stressors and that even at low human population levels targeted species experience population declines across both time and space.
The Health Policy Attitudes of American Medical Students: A Pilot Survey
Creators: name: Dugger, Robert A.
name: El-Sayed, Abdulrahman M.
name: Messina, Catherine
name: Bronson, Richard
name: Galea, Sandro
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Medical students--Attitudes
Medical care--Cost effectiveness
Medical policy
Poor--Medical care--Cost effectiveness
Medical students
Health services administration
Medical care
Public policy (Law)
Medical ethics

description: Background: Relatively little is known about American medical student’s attitudes toward caring for the uninsured, limiting physician reimbursement and the role of cost-effectiveness data in medical decision-making. We assessed American medical student’s attitudes regarding these topics as well as demographic predictors of those attitudes, and compared them to practicing physicians. Methods and Findings: A survey instrument was explicitly designed to compare medical student attitudes with those previously reported by physicians. Between December 1st 2010 and March 27th 2011 survey responses were collected from more than 2% of the total estimated 2010–2011 US medical student population enrolled at 111 of 159 accredited US medical schools within the 50 United States (n = 2414 of possible 98197). Medical students were more likely to object to reimbursement cuts, and more likely to object to the use of cost effectiveness data in medical decision making than current physicians according to the literature. Specialty preference, political persuasion, and medical student debt were significant predictors of health policy attitudes. Medical students with anticipated debt in excess of $200,000 were significantly less willing to favor limiting reimbursement to improve patient access (OR: 0.73 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59–0.89]), and significantly more likely to object to using cost effectiveness data to limit treatments (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.05–1.60) when compared to respondents with anticipated debt less than $200,000. Conclusions: When compared to physicians in the literature, future physicians may be less willing to favor cuts to physician reimbursements and may be more likely to object to the use of cost effectiveness data. Political orientation, specialty preference and anticipated debt may be important predictors of health policy attitudes among medical students. Early career medical providers with primary care ambitions and those who anticipate less debt may be more likely to support healthcare cost containment.
Leptonychotes weddelli
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Phocidae
Leptonychotes
Leptonychotes weddelli

description: Leptonychotes weddelli (Lesson, 1826). Bull. Sei. Nat. Geol., 7:437. TYPE LOCALITY: South Orkney Isl. (Br. Antarct. Trust Terr.). DISTRIBUTION: Coastal areas of Antarctic continent. Occasionally north to South America, Australia, and New Zealand. COMMENT: Reviewed by Stirling, 1971, Mamm. Species, 6:1 -5, and Kooyman, 1981, Weddell seal: Consummate diver. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, x + 135 pp. ISIS NUMBER: 5301413002006001001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 287, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
description: {"references": ["Stirling, I. 1971. Leptonychotes weddelli. Mammalian Species, 6: 1 - 5.", "Kooyman, G. L. 1981. Weddell seal: Consummate diver. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 135 pp."]}
Simultaneous whole-animal 3D-imaging of neuronal activity using light field microscopy
Creators: name: Prevedel, R.
name: Yoon, Y. -G.
name: Hoffmann, M.
name: Pak, N.
name: Wetzstein, G.
name: Kato, S.
name: Schrödel, T.
name: Raskar, R.
name: Zimmer, M.
name: Boyden, E. S.
name: Vaziri, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: 3D functional imaging of neuronal activity in entire organisms at single cell level and physiologically relevant time scales faces major obstacles due to trade-offs between the size of the imaged volumes, and spatial and temporal resolution. Here, using light-field microscopy in combination with 3D deconvolution, we demonstrate intrinsically simultaneous volumetric functional imaging of neuronal population activity at single neuron resolution for an entire organism, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The simplicity of our technique and possibility of the integration into epi-fluoresence microscopes makes it an attractive tool for high-speed volumetric calcium imaging.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures, incl. supplementary information
ΜΟΧΕ: «Βογόμιλος, Ιερέας», τόμ. Παραρτήματος.
Creators: name: Vasileiadis, Pavlos D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Παύλος Βασιλειάδης
Pavlos Vasileiadis
Bogomil (priest)
Βογόμιλος (ιερέας)

description: English title: “Bogomil (priest),” Encyclopedia ΜΟΧΕ vol. Supplement.
Radiation Mechanism and Jet Composition of Gamma-Ray Bursts and GeV-TeV selected Radio Loud Active Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Zhang, Jin
name: Liang, En-Wei
name: Sun, Xiao-Na
name: Zhang, Bing
name: Lu, Ye
name: Zhang, Shuang-Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and GeV-TeV selected radio loud Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) are compared based on our systematic modeling of the observed spectral energy distributions of a sample of AGNs with a single-zone leptonic model. We show that the correlation between the jet power (P_{jet}) and the prompt gamma-ray luminosity (L_{jet}) of GRBs is consistent, within the uncertainties, with the correlation between jet power and the synchrotron peak luminosity (L_{s, jet}) of flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs). Their radiation efficiencies (\varepsilon) are also comparable (>10% for most sources), which increase with the bolometric jet luminosity (L_{bol,jet}) for FSRQs and with the L_{jet} for GRBs with similar power-law indices. BL Lacs do not follow the P_{jet}-L_{s, jet} relation of FSRQs. They have lower \varepsilon and L_{bol, jet} values than FSRQs, and a tentative L_{bol, jet}-\varepsilon relation is also found, with a power-law index being different from that of the FSRQs. The magnetization parameters (σ) of FSRQs are averagely larger than that of BL Lacs. They are anti-correlated with $\varepsilon$ for the FSRQs, but positive correlated with \varepsilon for the BL Lacs. GeV Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies potentially share similar properties with FSRQs. Based on the analogy between GRBs and FSRQs, we suggest that the prompt gamma-ray emission of GRBs is likely produced by synchrotron process in a magnetized jet with high radiation efficiency, similar to FSRQs. The jets of BL Lacs, on the other hand, are less efficient and are likely more matter dominated.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Efferent Vestibular Neurons Show Homogenous Discharge Output But Heterogeneous Synaptic Input Profile In Vitro
Creators: name: Mathews, Miranda A.
name: Murray, Andrew
name: Wijesinghe, Rajiv
name: Cullen, Karen
name: Tung, Victoria W. K.
name: Camp, Aaron J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurons
subject: Action potentials (Electrophysiology)
subject: Neural transmission
subject: Membrane potentials (Electrophysiology)
subject: Vestibular nuclei
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Despite the importance of our sense of balance we still know remarkably little about the central control of the peripheral balance system. While previous work has shown that activation of the efferent vestibular system results in modulation of afferent vestibular neuron discharge, the intrinsic and synaptic properties of efferent neurons themselves are largely unknown. Here we substantiate the location of the efferent vestibular nucleus (EVN) in the mouse, before characterizing the input and output properties of EVN neurons in vitro. We made transverse serial sections through the brainstem of 4-week-old mice, and performed immunohistochemistry for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), both expressed in the EVN of other species. We also injected fluorogold into the posterior canal and retrogradely labelled neurons in the EVN of ChAT:: tdTomato mice expressing tdTomato in all cholinergic neurons. As expected the EVN lies dorsolateral to the genu of the facial nerve (CNVII). We then made whole-cell current-, and voltage-clamp recordings from visually identified EVN neurons. In current-clamp, EVN neurons display a homogeneous discharge pattern. This is characterized by a high frequency burst of action potentials at the onset of a depolarizing stimulus and the offset of a hyperpolarizing stimulus that is mediated by T-type calcium channels. In voltage-clamp, EVN neurons receive either exclusively excitatory or inhibitory inputs, or a combination of both. Despite this heterogeneous mixture of inputs, we show that synaptic inputs onto EVN neurons are predominantly excitatory. Together these findings suggest that the inputs onto EVN neurons, and more specifically the origin of these inputs may underlie EVN neuron function.
The Network Structure of Symptoms of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Creators: name: Boschloo, Lynn
name: Van Borkulo, Claudia D.
name: Rhemtulla, Mijke
name: Keyes, Katherine M.
name: Borsboom, Denny
name: Schoevers, Robert A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Mental illness--Diagnosis
Network analysis (Planning)
Comorbidity
Psychology, Pathological
Pathology
Epidemiology
Mental health

description: Although current classification systems have greatly contributed to the reliability of psychiatric diagnoses, they ignore the unique role of individual symptoms and, consequently, potentially important information is lost. The network approach, in contrast, assumes that psychopathology results from the causal interplay between psychiatric symptoms and focuses specifically on these symptoms and their complex associations. By using a sophisticated network analysis technique, this study constructed an empirically based network structure of 120 psychiatric symptoms of twelve major DSM-IV diagnoses using cross-sectional data of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC, second wave; N = 34,653). The resulting network demonstrated that symptoms within the same diagnosis showed differential associations and indicated that the strategy of summing symptoms, as in current classification systems, leads to loss of information. In addition, some symptoms showed strong connections with symptoms of other diagnoses, and these specific symptom pairs, which both concerned overlapping and non-overlapping symptoms, may help to explain the comorbidity across diagnoses. Taken together, our findings indicated that psychopathology is very complex and can be more adequately captured by sophisticated network models than current classification systems. The network approach is, therefore, promising in improving our understanding of psychopathology and moving our field forward.
Usability of the 2021 June Area Survey Prescreening Materials
Creators: name: Ridolfo, Heather
name: Ridolfo, Heather
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Usability Testing
subject: Data Quality
subject: Pretesting

description: The June Area Survey is conducted annually and provides direct estimates of acreage and measures of sampling coverage. This survey utilizes an area sampling frame. The area frame consists of all land, stratified by land use, in all states except Alaska. A sample of nearly 11,000 segments are selected from each land use stratum for data collection. Typically, all farm operators operating within the boundaries of the selected segments are surveyed via a personal interview. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, it is not feasible to conduct the interviews in person for the 2021 data collection. NASS is considering conducting data collection for the 2021 June Area Survey over the telephone. Prior to data collection, respondents would be mailed a cover letter and a simplified version of the screening questionnaire with enclosed county and aerial maps of the selected segment. The interviewer would then call the respondent to collect the information. Usability testing was conducted to assess respondents’ ability to utilize the maps to determine whether they operated land within the segment and tract boundaries and answer questions regarding agricultural activity on that land. The testing also evaluated the cover letter. Results showed the maps were effective and respondents could identify the segments and tracts of land they operated. However, issues with the content of the cover letter and respondent questionnaire emerged, as well as procedural issues with administering the survey over the telephone.
Leptobrachium Hasseltii Tschudi 1838
Creators: name: Miracle, Eulàlia Gassó
name: Van, Lars W.
name: Ostende, Den Hoek
name: Arntzen, Jan Willem
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Megophryidae
Leptobrachium

description: Leptobrachium Hasseltii Tschudi, 1838
Tschudi, 1838. Classif. Batr.: 81.
 Current name: Leptobrachium hasseltii Tschudi, 1838.
 Lectotype: RMNH 2015, 1 Ψ. Loc.: “Java” [Indonesia]. Leg.: H. Boie and H.C. Macklot. Paralectotype: RMNH 2014, 1 Ψ. Loc.: “Java” [Indonesia]. Leg.: H. Boie and H.C. Macklot. Remarks. RMNH 2015 was designed lectotype by Dubois & Ohler (1998: 16).
description: Published as part of Miracle, Eulàlia Gassó, Van, Lars W., Ostende, Den Hoek & Arntzen, Jan Willem, 2007, Type specimens of amphibians in the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 25-68 in Zootaxa 1482 on page 48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176896
Self-accelerating Massive Gravity: Bimetric Determinant Singularities
Creators: name: Gratia, Pierre
name: Hu, Wayne
name: Wyman, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of two metrics in massive gravity theories in principle allows solutions where there are singularities in new scalar invariants jointly constructed from them. These configurations occur when the two metrics differ substantially from each other, as in black hole and cosmological solutions. The simplest class of such singularities are determinant singularities. We investigate whether the dynamics of bimetric massive gravity -- where the second metric is allowed to evolve jointly with the spacetime metric -- can avoid these singularities. We investigate whether the dynamics of bimetric massive gravity, where the second metric is allowed to evolve jointly with the spacetime metric, averts the simplest class of such singularities, namely determinant singularities. We show that it is still possible to specify non-singular initial conditions that evolve to a determinant singularity. Determinant singularities are a feature of massive gravity of both fixed and dynamical metric type.
description: 4 pages, submitted to PRD
Moving Toward Patient-Centered Care in Africa: A Discrete Choice Experiment of Preferences for Delivery Care among 3,003 Tanzanian Women
Creators: name: Larson, Elysia
name: Vail, Daniel
name: Mbaruku, Godfrey M.
name: Kimweri, Angela
name: Freedman, Lynn P.
name: Kruk, Margaret E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Women's health services
Childbirth
Maternal health services--Evaluation
Labor (Obstetrics)
Health facilities
Health services administration
Medical care
Obstetrics
Gynecology

description: Objective: In order to develop patient-centered care we need to know what patients want and how changing socio-demographic factors shape their preferences. Methods: We fielded a structured questionnaire that included a discrete choice experiment to investigate women’s preferences for place of delivery care in four rural districts of Pwani Region, Tanzania. The discrete choice experiment consisted of six attributes: kind treatment by the health worker, health worker medical knowledge, modern equipment and medicines, facility privacy, facility cleanliness, and cost of visit. Each woman received eight choice questions. The influence of potential supply- and demand- side factors on patient preferences was evaluated using mixed logit models. Results: 3,003 women participated in the discrete choice experiment (93% response rate) completing 23,947 choice tasks. The greatest predictor of health facility preference was kind treatment by doctor (β = 1.13, p<0.001), followed by having a doctor with excellent medical knowledge (β = 0.89 p<0.001) and modern medical equipment and drugs (β = 0.66 p<0.001). Preferences for all attributes except kindness and cost were changed with changes to education, primiparity, media exposure and distance to nearest hospital. Conclusions: Care quality, both technical and interpersonal, was more important than clinic inputs such as equipment and cleanliness. These results suggest that while basic clinic infrastructure is necessary, it is not sufficient for provision of high quality, patient-centered care. There is an urgent need to build an adequate, competent, and kind health workforce to raise facility delivery and promote patient-centered care.
Quantum Randomness Certified by the Uncertainty Principle
Creators: name: Vallone, G.
name: Marangon, D.
name: Tomasin, M.
name: Villoresi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an efficient method to extract the amount of true randomness that can be obtained by a Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG). By repeating the measurements of a quantum system and by swapping between two mutually unbiased bases, a lower bound of the achievable true randomness can be evaluated. The bound is obtained thanks to the uncertainty principle of complementary measurements applied to min- and max- entropies. We tested our method with two different QRNGs, using a train of qubits or ququart, demonstrating the scalability toward practical applications.
description: 10 pages
An Economic Framework of Microbial Trade
Creators: name: Tasoff, Joshua
name: Wang, Harris H.
name: Mee, Michael T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Equilibrium (Economics)
subject: Microbial growth
subject: Microbial metabolites
subject: Escherichia coli--Growth
subject: Cell metabolism
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cytology
subject: Biology

description: A large fraction of microbial life on earth exists in complex communities where metabolic exchange is vital. Microbes trade essential resources to promote their own growth in an analogous way to countries that exchange goods in modern economic markets. Inspired by these similarities, we developed a framework based on general equilibrium theory (GET) from economics to predict the population dynamics of trading microbial communities. Our biotic GET (BGET) model provides an a priori theory of the growth benefits of microbial trade, yielding several novel insights relevant to understanding microbial ecology and engineering synthetic communities. We find that the economic concept of comparative advantage is a necessary condition for mutualistic trade. Our model suggests that microbial communities can grow faster when species are unable to produce essential resources that are obtained through trade, thereby promoting metabolic specialization and increased intercellular exchange. Furthermore, we find that species engaged in trade exhibit a fundamental tradeoff between growth rate and relative population abundance, and that different environments that put greater pressure on group selection versus individual selection will promote varying strategies along this growth-abundance spectrum. We experimentally tested this tradeoff using a synthetic consortium of Escherichia coli cells and found the results match the predictions of the model. This framework provides a foundation to study natural and engineered microbial communities through a new lens based on economic theories developed over the past century.
Hot subdwarf stars in close-up view IV. Helium abundances and the $^3$He isotopic anomaly of subdwarf B star
Creators: name: Geier, S.
name: Heber, U.
name: Edelmann, H.
name: Morales-Rueda, L.
name: Kilkenny, D.
name: O'Donoghue, D.
name: Marsh, T. R.
name: Copperwheat, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atmospheric parameters and helium abundances of 44 bright subdwarf B stars have been determined. More than half of our sample consists of newly discovered stars from the Edinburgh Cape survey. We showed that effective temperatures and surface gravities can be derived from high resolution echelle spectra with sufficient accuracy. Systematic uncertainties have been determined by comparing the parameters derived from the high resolution data with the ones derived from medium resolution spectra. Helium abundances have been measured with high accuracy. Besides the known correlation of helium abundance with temperature, two distinct sequences in helium abundance have been confirmed. Significant isotopic shifts of helium lines due to an enrichment in $^{3}$He have been found in the spectra of 8 sdBs. Most of these stars cluster in a small temperature range between $27\,000\,{\rm K}$ and $31\,000\,{\rm K}$ very similar to the known $^{3}$He-rich main sequence B stars, which also cluster in such a small strip, but at different temperatures. Both the helium sequences and the isotopic anomaly are discussed.
description: 12 pages, A&A accepted
Picasso's Masterpiece
Creators: name: Mee, Charles L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Theater
Drama

description: In his studio in Montmartre, Pablo Picasso paints his masterpiece—Les Desmoiselles d'Avignon, the painting that many say gave birth to modern art—while his friends drop by and suggest that he throw the painting away.
[8-13 actors, depending on doubling]