cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Non-trivial point-gap topology and non-Hermitian skin effect in photonic crystals
Creators: name: Zhong, Janet
name: Wang, Kai
name: Park, Yubin
name: Asadchy, Viktar
name: Wojcik, Charles C.
name: Dutt, Avik
name: Fan, Shanhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that two-dimensional non-Hermitian photonic crystals made of lossy material can exhibit non-trivial point gap topology in terms of topological winding in its complex frequency band structure. Such crystals can be either made of lossy isotropic media which is reciprocal, or lossy magneto-optical media which is non-reciprocal. We discuss the effects of reciprocity on the properties of the point gap topology. We also show that such a non-trivial point gap topology leads to non-Hermitian skin effect when the photonic crystal is truncated. In contrast to most previous studies on point gap topology which used tight-binding models, our work indicates that such non-Hermitian topology can studied in photonic crystals, which represent a more realistic system that has technological significance.
description: comments welcome :)
Status of the $pk\Lambda$ Analysis in pp Collisions with the FOPI Spectrometer
Creators: name: Münzer, R.
name: Fabbietti, Laura
name: Berger, M.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2014
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2013 - GSI Report 2014-1
Magnetic Hair and Reconnection in Black Hole Magnetospheres
Creators: name: Bransgrove, Ashley
name: Ripperda, Bart
name: Philippov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The no-hair theorem of general relativity states that isolated black holes are characterized by three parameters: mass, spin, and charge. In this Letter we consider Kerr black holes endowed with highly magnetized plasma-filled magnetospheres. Using general relativistic kinetic plasma and resistive magnetohydrodynamics simulations, we show that a dipole magnetic field on the event horizon opens into a split-monopole and reconnects in a plasmoid-unstable current-sheet. The no-hair theorem is satisfied, in the sense that all components of the stress-energy tensor decay exponentially in time. We measure the decay time of magnetic flux on the event horizon for plasmoid-dominated reconnection in collisionless and collisional plasma. The reconnecting magnetosphere should be a powerful source of hard X-ray emission when the magnetic field is strong.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted PRL
Measurement of Double Helicity Asymmetry in Multi-Particle Production with Polarized Proton-Proton Collision at PHENIX
Creators: name: Nakano, Kenichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A goal of the PHENIX experiment is to obtain the polarized gluon distribution function in the proton. Double helicity asymmetry in multi-particle production with polarized proton-proton collision is measured at midrapidity with RHIC Run 2005 data. This result excludes the maximum positive gluon polarization ("GRSV-max").
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, to be published in the Proceedings of the 17th International Spin Physics Symposium
The BAyesian STellar Algorithm (BASTA): a fitting tool for stellar studies, asteroseismology, exoplanets, and Galactic archaeology
Creators: name: Børsen-Koch, V. Aguirre
name: Rørsted, J. L.
name: Justesen, A. B.
name: Stokholm, A.
name: Verma, K.
name: Winther, M. L.
name: Knudstrup, E.
name: Nielsen, K. B.
name: Sahlholdt, C.
name: Larsen, J. R.
name: Cassisi, S.
name: Serenelli, A. M.
name: Casagrande, L.
name: Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
name: Davies, G. R.
name: Ferguson, J. W.
name: Lund, M. N.
name: Weiss, A.
name: White, T. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the public version of the BAyesian STellar Algorithm (BASTA), an open-source code written in {\tt Python} to determine stellar properties based on a set of astrophysical observables. BASTA has been specifically designed to robustly combine large datasets that include asteroseismology, spectroscopy, photometry, and astrometry. We describe the large number of asteroseismic observations that can be fit by the code and how these can be combined with atmospheric properties (as well as parallaxes and apparent magnitudes), making it the most complete analysis pipeline available for oscillating main-sequence, subgiant, and red giant stars. BASTA relies on a set of pre-built stellar isochrones or a custom-designed library of stellar tracks which can be further refined using our interpolation method (both along and across stellar tracks/isochrones). We perform recovery tests with simulated data that reveal levels of accuracy at the few percent level for radii, masses, and ages when individual oscillation frequencies are considered, and show that asteroseismic ages with statistical uncertainties below 10% are within reach if our stellar models are reliable representations of stars. BASTA is extensively documented and includes a suite of examples to support easy adoption and further development by new users.
description: 21 pages, 14 figures, resubmitted after positive referee report. The code is available at https://github.com/BASTAcode/BASTA
HST/NICMOS Observations of Fast Infrared Flickering in the Microquasar GRS 1915+105
Creators: name: Eikenberry, Stephen S.
name: Patel, Shannon G.
name: Rothstein, David M.
name: Remillard, Ronald
name: Pooley, Guy G.
name: Morgan, Edward H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report infrared observations of the microquasar GRS 1915+105 using the NICMOS instrument of the Hubble Space Telescope during 9 visits in April-June 2003. During epochs of high X-ray/radio activity near the beginning and end of this period, we find that the $1.87 $\um infrared flux is generally low ($\sim 2$ mJy) and relatively steady. However, during the X-ray/radio ``plateau'' state between these epochs, we find that the infrared flux is significantly higher ($\sim 4-6$ mJy), and strongly variable. In particular, we find events with amplitudes $\sim 20-30$% occurring on timescales of $\sim 10-20$s (e-folding timescales of $\sim 30$s). These flickering timescales are several times faster than any previously-observed infrared variability in GRS 1915+105 and the IR variations exceed corresponding X-ray variations at the same ($\sim 8s$) timescale. These results suggest an entirely new type of infrared variability from this object. Based on the properties of this flickering, we conclude that it arises in the plateau-state jet outflow itself, at a distance $<2.5$ AU from the accretion disk. We discuss the implications of this work and the potential of further flickering observations for understanding jet formation around black holes.
description: 19 pages, incl. 4 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ
Gymnogeophagus mekinos Malabarba, Malabarba & Reis 2015
Creators: name: Koerber, Stefan
name: Litz, Thomas O.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Perciformes
Cichlidae
Gymnogeophagus
Gymnogeophagus mekinos

description: G. mekinos Malabarba, Malabarba & Reis, 2015 NEW
new species from Uruguay info
published in Malabarba et al. (2015)
description: Published as part of Koerber, Stefan & Litz, Thomas O., 2016, CLOFFUY - update 2 - supplement to Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Uruguay., pp. 1-8 in Ichthyological Contributions of PecesCriollos 41 on page 7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11558296
Functional detection of botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A to F by monoclonal neoepitope-specific antibodies and suspension array technology
Creators: name: Von Berg, Laura
name: Stern, Daniel
name: Pauly, Diana
name: Mahrhold, Stefan
name: Weisemann, Jasmin
name: Jentsch, Lisa
name: Hansbauer, Eva-Maria
name: Müller, Christian
name: Avondet, Marc A.
name: Rummel, Andreas
name: Dorner, Martin B.
name: Dorner, Brigitte G.
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent toxins known and cause the life threatening disease botulism. Sensitive and broad detection is extremely challenging due to the toxins’ high potency and molecular heterogeneity with several serotypes and more than 40 subtypes. The toxicity of BoNT is mediated by enzymatic cleavage of different synaptic proteins involved in neurotransmitter release at serotype-specific cleavage sites. Hence, active BoNTs can be monitored and distinguished in vitro by detecting their substrate cleavage products. In this work, we developed a comprehensive panel of monoclonal neoepitope antibodies (Neo-mAbs) highly specific for the newly generated N- and/or C-termini of the substrate cleavage products of BoNT serotypes A to F. The Neo-mAbs were implemented in a set of three enzymatic assays for the simultaneous detection of two BoNT serotypes each by monitoring substrate cleavage on colour-coded magnetic Luminex-beads. For the first time, all relevant serotypes could be detected in parallel by a routine in vitro activity assay in spiked serum and food samples yielding excellent detection limits in the range of the mouse bioassay or better (0.3–80 pg/mL). Therefore, this work represents a major step towards the replacement of the mouse bioassay for botulism diagnostics.
Smooth head tracking for virtual reality applications
Creators: name: Amamra, Abdenour
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we propose a new head-tracking solution for human-machine real-time interaction with virtual 3D environments. This solution leverages RGBD data to compute virtual camera pose according to the movements of the user's head. The process starts with the extraction of a set of facial features from the images delivered by the sensor. Such features are matched against their respective counterparts in a reference image for the computation of the current head pose. Afterwards, a prediction approach is used to guess the most likely next head move (final pose). Pythagorean Hodograph interpolation is then adapted to determine the path and local frames taken between the two poses. The result is a smooth head trajectory that serves as an input to set the camera in virtual scenes according to the user's gaze. The resulting motion model has the advantage of being: continuous in time, it adapts to any frame rate of rendering; it is ergonomic, as it frees the user from wearing tracking markers; it is smooth and free from rendering jerks; and it is also torsion and curvature minimizing as it produces a path with minimum bending energy.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
Broadband time-resolved spectroscopy of thermonuclear X-ray bursts from 4U 1636-536 using AstroSat
Creators: name: Kashyap, Unnati
name: Ram, Biki
name: Guver, Tolga
name: Chakraborty, Manoneeta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Broadband spectral studies of Type-I X-ray bursts can put strong constraints on the physics of burst spectra as well as their interaction with the environment. We present the results obtained from the broadband time-resolved spectroscopy of 15 thermonuclear bursts detected simultaneously from the neutron star atoll source 4U 1636-536 using LAXPC and SXT onboard AstroSat. During the observations with AstroSat, the Low mass X-ray binary (LMXB) 4U 1636-536 is observed to show a modest spectral evolution within the island state. The broadband burst spectra are observed to show an excess in addition to the thermal emission from the neutron star surface near the peak of the bursts. We investigate the interpretation of the excess observed near the peak of the burst as re-emission/reprocessing of the photons by the accretion disk/corona or scattering of the photons in the neutron star atmosphere or the enhanced persistent emission due to Poynting-Robertson drag. This is the first reported broadband simultaneous study of Type-I bursts using LAXPC and SXT onboard AstroSat. This kind of study may provide a better understanding of the burst-accretion interaction and how the bursts influence the overall accretion process contributed by the accretion disk as well as the corona.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Minimal length, maximal momentum and stochastic gravitational waves spectrum generated from cosmological QCD phase transition
Creators: name: Moussa, Mohamed
name: Shababi, Homa
name: Rahaman, Anisur
name: Dey, Ujjal Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate thoroughly the temporal evolution of the universe temperature as a function of the Hubble parameter associated with the Stochastic Gravitational Wave (SGW), that formed at the cosmological QCD phase transition epoch to the current epoch, within the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) framework. Here we use GUP version which provide constraints on the minimum measurable length and the maximum observable momentum, that characterized by a free parameter $α$. We study the effect of this parameter on the SGW background. We show that the effect can slightly enhance the SGW frequency in the lower frequency regime which might be important in the detection of SGW in the future GW detection facilities.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Gymnogeophagus terrapurpura Loureiro, Zarucki, Malabarba & Gonzalez-Bergonzoni 2016
Creators: name: Koerber, Stefan
name: Litz, Thomas O.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Perciformes
Cichlidae
Gymnogeophagus
Gymnogeophagus terrapurpura

description: G. terrapurpura Loureiro, Zarucki, Malabarba & González-Bergonzoni, 2016 NEW
new species from Uruguay info
published in Loureiro et al. (2016)
description: Published as part of Koerber, Stefan & Litz, Thomas O., 2016, CLOFFUY - update 2 - supplement to Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Uruguay., pp. 1-8 in Ichthyological Contributions of PecesCriollos 41 on page 7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11558296
Gymnogeophagus pseudolabiatus Malabarba, Malabarba & Reis 2015
Creators: name: Koerber, Stefan
name: Litz, Thomas O.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Perciformes
Cichlidae
Gymnogeophagus
Gymnogeophagus pseudolabiatus

description: G. pseudolabiatus Malabarba, Malabarba & Reis, 2015 NEW
new species from Uruguay info
published in Malabarba et al. (2015)
description: Published as part of Koerber, Stefan & Litz, Thomas O., 2016, CLOFFUY - update 2 - supplement to Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Uruguay., pp. 1-8 in Ichthyological Contributions of PecesCriollos 41 on page 7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11558296
The Exceptionally Luminous Type II-L SN 2008es
Creators: name: Miller, A. A.
name: Chornock, R.
name: Perley, D. A.
name: Ganeshalingam, M.
name: Li, W.
name: Butler, N. R.
name: Bloom, J. S.
name: Smith, N.
name: Modjaz, M.
name: Poznanski, D.
name: Filippenko, A. V.
name: Griffith, C. V.
name: Shiode, J. H.
name: Silverman, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on our early photometric and spectroscopic observations of the extremely luminous Type II supernova (SN) 2008es. With an observed peak optical magnitude of m_V = 17.8 and at a redshift z = 0.213, SN 2008es had a peak absolute magnitude of M_V = -22.3, making it the second most luminous SN ever observed. The photometric evolution of SN 2008es exhibits a fast decline rate (~0.042 mag d^-1), similar to the extremely luminous Type II-L SN 2005ap. We show that SN 2008es spectroscopically resembles the luminous Type II-L SN 1979C. Although the spectra of SN 2008es lack the narrow and intermediate-width line emission typically associated with the interaction of a SN with the circumstellar medium of its progenitor star, we argue that the extreme luminosity of SN 2008es is powered via strong interaction with a dense, optically thick circumstellar medium. The integrated bolometric luminosity of SN 2008es yields a total radiated energy at ultraviolet and optical wavelengths of >10^51 ergs. Finally, we examine the apparently anomalous rate at which the Texas Supernova Search has discovered rare kinds of supernovae, including the five most luminous supernovae observed to date, and find that their results are consistent with those of other modern SN searches.
description: accepted to ApJ, 10 pages, 7 figures, 6 tables. Minor revisions, conclusions remain unchanged
Measurements of the $t\bar{t}$ production cross section, thetop quark mass and the strong coupling constant withthe CMS detector $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
Creators: name: Defranchis, Matteo
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2019

description: Standard Model at the LHC 2019, SM@LHC2019, Zürich, Switzerland, 23 Apr 2019 - 26 Apr 2019
description: A simultaneous measurement of the top quark-antiquark pair production cross section and the top quark mass in the simulation using proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9/fb, recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016. Dilepton events are selected and the cross section is extracted from a likelihood fit, simultaneously with the top quark mass in the simulation. The resulting cross section is then used, together with theoretical predictions at next-to-next-to-leading order, to determine the top quark mass and to extract a value of the strong coupling constant with different sets of parton distribution functions.
Variation in the stellar initial mass function from the chromospheric activity of M dwarfs in early-type galaxies
Creators: name: van Dokkum, Pieter
name: Conroy, Charlie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mass measurements and absorption line studies indicate that the stellar initial mass function (IMF) is bottom-heavy in the central regions of many early-type galaxies, with an excess of low mass stars compared to the IMF of the Milky Way. Here we test this hypothesis using a method that is independent of previous techniques. Low mass stars have strong chromospheric activity characterized by non-thermal emission at short wavelengths. Approximately half of the UV flux of M dwarfs is contained in the $λ1215.7$ Ly$α$ line, and we show that the total Ly$α$ emission of an early-type galaxy is a sensitive probe of the IMF with a factor of $\sim 2$ flux variation in response to plausible variations in the number of low mass stars. We use the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope to measure the Ly$α$ line in the centers of the massive early-type galaxies NGC1407 and NGC2695. We detect Ly$α$ emission in both galaxies and demonstrate that it originates in stars. We find that the Ly$α$ to i-band flux ratio is a factor of 2.0$\pm$0.4 higher in NGC1407 than in NGC2695, in agreement with the difference in their IMFs as previously determined from gravity-sensitive optical absorption lines. Although a larger sample of galaxies is required for definitive answers, these initial results support the hypothesis that the IMF is not universal but varies with environment.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. The COS spectra are shown in Fig. 8. Figure 13 compares the measured Ly alpha fluxes to model predictions. Figure 14 compares the IMF derived from Ly alpha to that derived from optical absorption lines. Some background on this HST project is provided in footnotes 3 and 6
Correlated Multi-Waveband Variability in the Blazar 3C~279 from 1996 to 2007
Creators: name: Chatterjee, R.
name: Jorstad, S. G.
name: Marscher, A. P.
name: Oh, H.
name: McHardy, I. M.
name: Aller, M. F.
name: Aller, H. D.
name: Balonek, T. J.
name: Miller, H. R.
name: Ryle, W. T.
name: Tosti, G.
name: Kurtanidze, O.
name: Nikolashvili, M.
name: Larionov, V. M.
name: Hagen-Thorn, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of extensive multi-waveband monitoring of the blazar 3C~279 between 1996 and 2007 at X-ray energies (2-10 keV), optical R band, and 14.5 GHz, as well as imaging with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) at 43 GHz. In all bands the power spectral density corresponds to "red noise" that can be fit by a single power law over the sampled time scales. Variations in flux at all three wavebands are significantly correlated. The time delay between high and low frequency bands changes substantially on time scales of years. A major multi-frequency flare in 2001 coincided with a swing of the jet toward a more southerly direction, and in general the X-ray flux is modulated by changes in the position angle of the jet near the core. The flux density in the core at 43 GHz--increases in which indicate the appearance of new superluminal knots--is significantly correlated with the X-ray flux. We decompose the X-ray and optical light curves into individual flares, finding that X-ray leads optical variations (XO) in 6 flares, the reverse occurs in 3 flares (OX), and there is essentially zero lag in 4 flares. Upon comparing theoretical expectations with the data, we conclude that (1) XO flares can be explained by gradual acceleration of radiating electrons to the highest energies; (2) OX flares can result from either light-travel delays of the seed photons (synchrotron self-Compton scattering) or gradients in maximum electron energy behind shock fronts; and (3) events with similar X-ray and optical radiative energy output originate well upstream of the 43 GHz core, while those in which the optical radiative output dominates occur at or downstream of the core.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 50 pages (including 23 figures and 8 tables)
Towards Quantum Logic Inspired Cooling and Detection for Single (Anti-)Protons
Creators: name: Meiners, T.
name: Niemann, M.
name: Paschke, A. -G.
name: Mielke, J.
name: Idel, A.
name: Borchert, M.
name: Voges, K.
name: Bautista-Salvador, A.
name: Ulmer, S.
name: Ospelkaus, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss laser-based and quantum logic inspired cooling and detection methods amenable to single (anti-)protons. These would be applicable e.g. in a g-factor based test of CPT invariance as currently pursued within the BASE collaboration. Towards this end, we explore sympathetic cooling of single (anti-)protons with atomic ions as suggested by Heinzen and Wineland (1990).
description: Presented at LEAP 2016 in Kanazawa, Japan
Characterizations of Sobolev inequalities on metric spaces
Creators: name: Kinnunen, Juha
name: Korte, Riikka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46E35; 31C45

description: We present isocapacitary characterizations of Sobolev inequalities in very general metric measure spaces.
description: 17 pages, corrected typos
Scaling of degree correlations and the influence on diffusion in scale-free networks
Creators: name: Gallos, Lazaros K.
name: Song, Chaoming
name: Makse, Hernan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Connectivity correlations play an important role in the structure of scale-free networks. While several empirical studies exist, there is no general theoretical analysis that can explain the largely varying behavior of real networks. Here, we use scaling theory to quantify the degree of correlations in the particular case of networks with a power-law degree distribution. These networks are classified in terms of their correlation properties, revealing additional information on their structure. For instance, the studied social networks and the Internet at the router level are clustered around the line of random networks, implying a strongly connected core of hubs. On the contrary, some biological networks and the WWW exhibit strong anti-correlations. The present approach can be used to study robustness or diffusion, where we find that anti-correlations tend to accelerate the diffusion process.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Frictional Duality Observed during Nanoparticle Sliding
Creators: name: Dietzel, Dirk
name: Ritter, Claudia
name: Monninghoff, Tristan
name: Fuchs, Harald
name: Schirmeisen, Andre
name: Schwarz, Udo D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most fundamental questions in tribology concerns the area dependence of friction at the nanoscale. Here, experiments are presented where the frictional resistance of nanoparticles is measured by pushing them with the tip of an atomic force microscope. We find two coexisting frictional states: While some particles show finite friction increasing linearly with the interface areas of up to 310,000nm^2, other particles assume a state of frictionless sliding. The results further suggest a link between the degree of surface contamination and the occurrence of this duality.
description: revised version
The EU and the Iran Nuclear Deal: How to Proceed?
Creators: name: Rózsa, Erzsébet N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Iran
Nuclear policy
JCPOA
international affairs
Geopolitics
MENA region

description: Trump steered the USA away from the diplomatic framework of the nuclear deal in yet another blow to the transatlantic alliance. Indeed the JCPOA represents a landmark achievement for the European Union, a sign of its ability to affect the global stage as a complementary as well as autonomous voice vis-à-vis the US. So far, the deal has been successful in strengthening EU–Iran ties on different levels: the EU could assert essential moral standards and tame vital security issues while Iran was able to preserve the regime and emerge as a credible regional partner. Economically, cooperation has not moved as fast as expected but the JCPOA remains the most promising launch pad for a growing exchange. Even though the EU stood firmly on the legitimacy of the JCPOA, much uncertainty surrounds the kickback of American secondary sanctions and the possibility to keep delivering the terms of the deal. This publication is part of the MENARA Future Notes series which in the form of policy briefs analyse ongoing events in the SEMCs and Middle East region, emphasising the implications for the EU, suggesting the best policy options and assessing plausible and preferable future scenarios.
The InterHourly-Variability (IHV) Index of Geomagnetic Activity and its Use in Deriving the Long-term Variation of Solar Wind Speed
Creators: name: Svalgaard, Leif
name: Cliver, Edward W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the derivation of the InterHourly Variability (IHV) index of geomagnetic activity. The IHV-index for a geomagnetic element is mechanically derived from hourly values as the sum of the unsigned differences between adjacent hours over a seven-hour interval centered on local midnight. The index is derived separately for stations in both hemispheres within six longitude sectors using only local night hours. It is intended as a long-term index. Available data allows derivation of the index back well into the 19th century. On a time scale of a 27-day Bartels rotation, IHV averages for stations with corrected geomagnetic latitude less than 55 degrees are strongly correlated with midlatitude range indices. Assuming a constant calibration of the aa-index we find that observed yearly values of aa before the year 1957 are 2.9 nT too small compared to values calculated from IHV using the regression constants based on 1980-2004. We interpret this discrepancy as an indication that the calibration of the aa index is in error before 1957. There is no such problem with the ap index. Rotation averages of IHV are also strongly correlated with solar wind parameters (BV^2). On a time scale of a year combining the IHV-index and the recently-developed Inter-Diurnal Variability (IDV) index (giving B) allows determination of solar wind speed, V, from 1890-present. Over the ~120-year series, the yearly mean solar wind speed varied from a low of 303 km/s in 1902 to a high value of 545 km/s in 2003. The calculated yearly values of the product BV using B and V separately derived from IDV and IHV agree quantitatively with (completely independent) BV derived from the amplitude of the diurnal variation of the H component in the polar caps since 1926 and sporadically beyond.
Can Machines Read (Literature)?
Creators: name: Kestemont, Mike
name: Herman, Luc
Publisher: name: Umanistica Digitale
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Distant Reading; Surface Reading; Close Reading; Reader response criticism; Artificial Intelligence
subject: Digital Literary Studies

description: In this essay, we reflect on distant reading as one of the various takes on reading that currently prevail in literary scholarship as well as the teaching of literature. We focus on three concepts of reading which for various reasons can be considered inter-related: close reading, surface reading and distant reading. We offer a theoretical treatment of distant reading and demonstrate why it is closely related to the concept of machine reading (part of artificial intelligence). Throughout, we focus on the role of the individual reader in all this and argue that Digital Literary Studies have much to gain from paying closer attention to the so-called “natural” reading process of individual humans.
description: Umanistica Digitale, No 5 (2019)
I-V analysis of high-energy lithium-ion-irradiated Si and GaAs solar cells
Creators: name: Meulenberg, A.
name: Jayashree, B.
name: Ramani
name: Radhakrishna, M. C.
name: Saif, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Space-grade Si and GaAs solar cells were irradiated with 15 and 40 MeV lithium ions. Dark-IV analysis (with and without illumination) reveals differences in the effects of such irradiation on the different cell types
description: 5 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Dynamical modelling of the twisted galaxy PGC 046832
Creators: name: Brok, Mark den
name: Krajnović, Davor
name: Emsellem, Eric
name: Brinchmann, Jarle
name: Maseda, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse VLT/MUSE observations of PGC 046832, the brightest cluster galaxy of Abell 3556. The velocity structure of this galaxy is startling and shows two reversals in sign along the minor axis, and one along the major axis. We use triaxial Schwarzschild models to infer the intrinsic shape, central black hole mass and orbit distribution of this galaxy. The shape determination suggests that the galaxy is highly triaxial in the centre (almost prolate) but has a low triaxiality (almost oblate) in the outer parts. The orbit distribution of the best-fit Schwarzschild model shows that the kinematic reversal along the projected minor axis is driven by a slight asymmetry in the distribution and amount of long axis tubes in the inner parts. The kinematic reversals along the projected major axis are driven by a high fraction of counter-rotating orbits at intermediate radii in the galaxy. Using chemical tagging of orbits in the Schwarzschild model, we do not find evidence for any association of these orbits with specific stellar population parameters. Although the inner part of the galaxy almost certainty formed through one or more dry mergers producing the prolate shape, the outer parts are consistent with both accretion and in situ formation. While axisymmetric models suggests the presence of a supermassive black hole with mass $\sim 6 \times 10^9$M$_{\odot}$ and $\sim 10^{10}$M$_{\odot}$ (with Schwarzschild and Jeans modelling, resp), triaxial Schwarzschild models provide only an upper limit of $\sim 2 \times 10^9$M$_{\odot}$.
description: Accepted by MNRAS. 23 pages, 28 figures
Meta-nematic transitions in a bilayer system: Application to the bilayer ruthenate
Creators: name: Puetter, Christoph
name: Doh, Hyeonjin
name: Kee, Hae-Young
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was suggested that the two consecutive metamagnetic transitions and the large residual resistivity discovered in Sr$_3$Ru$_2$O$_7$ can be understood via the nematic order and its domains in a single layer system. However, a recently reported anisotropy between two longitudinal resistivities induced by tilting the magnetic field away from the c-axis cannot be explained within the single layer nematic picture. To fill the gap in our understanding within the nematic order scenario, we investigate the effects of bilayer coupling and in-plane magnetic field on the electronic nematic phases in a bilayer system. We propose that the in-plane magnetic field in the bilayer system modifies the energetics of the domain formation, since it breaks the degeneracy of two different nematic orientations. Thus the system reveals a pure nematic phase with a resistivity anisotropy in the presence of an in-plane magnetic field. In addition to the nematic phase, the bilayer coupling opens a novel route to a hidden nematic phase that preserves the x-y symmetry of the Fermi surfaces.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Nuclear Modification Factor and Centrality Determination in p-Pb Collisions at ALICE
Creators: name: Andronic, A.
name: Gronefeld, J.
name: Knichel, M. L.
name: Lüttig, P.
name: Otwinowski, J.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2014
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2013 - GSI Report 2014-1
Mind the Gap? Identifying, Managing and Preventing Some Aircraft Crew Occupational Health and Safety/Flight Safety Problems
Creators: name: Watterson, Andrew
name: Michaelis, Susan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: ACA2017
ACA2017-PRE

description: -
description: This is a presentation from the International Aircraft Cabin Air Conference 2017 (Imperial College, London, 19-20 September 2017)
Asymmetric nuclear matter : a variational approach
Creators: name: Sarangi, S.
name: Panda, P. K.
name: Sahu, S. K.
name: Maharana, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss here a self-consistent method to calculate the properties of the cold asymmetric nuclear matter. In this model, the nuclear matter is dressed with s-wave pion pairs and the nucleon-nucleon (N-N) interaction is mediated by these pion pairs, $ω$ and $ρ$ mesons. The parameters of these interactions are calculated self-consistently to obtain the saturation properties like equilibrium binding energy, pressure, compressibility and symmetry energy. The computed equation of state is then used in the Tolman- Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equation to study the mass and radius of a neutron star in the pure neutron matter limit.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures and 1 table
Commissioning of the SPADIC 1.0 Amplifier / Digitizer Chip
Creators: name: Krieger, M.
name: Fischer, P.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2014
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2013 - GSI Report 2014-1
Tensor gauge field localization in branes
Creators: name: Tahim, M. O.
name: Cruz, W. T.
name: Almeida, C. A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study localization of a Kalb-Ramond tensorial gauge field on a membrane described by real scalar fields. The membrane is embedded in an AdS-type five dimensional bulk space, which mimic a Randall-Sundrum scenario. First, we consider a membrane described by only a single real scalar field. In that scenarios we find that there is no localized tensorial zero mode. When we take into account branes described by two real scalar fields with internal structures, we obtain again a non-localized zero mode for a Kalb-Ramond tensorial gauge field. After modifying our model of one single scalar field by coupling the dilaton to the Kalb-Ramond field, we find that this result is changed. Furthermore, we analyze Kaluza-Klein massive modes and resonance structures.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures. Abstract improved. Revised and enlarged version. To appear in Physical Review D
A multi-wavelength study of z = 3.15 Lyman-alpha emitters in the GOODS South Field
Creators: name: Nilsson, Kim K.
name: Moeller, P.
name: Moeller, O.
name: Fynbo, J. P. U.
name: Michalowski, M. J.
name: Watson, D.
name: Ledoux, C.
name: Rosati, P.
name: Pedersen, K.
name: Grove, L. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Ly-alpha-emitters have proven to be excellent probes of faint, star-forming galaxies in the high redshift universe. However, although the sample of known emitters is increasingly growing, their nature (e.g. stellar masses, ages, metallicities, star-formation rates) is still poorly constrained. Aims: We aim to study the nature of Ly-alpha-emitters, to find the properties of a typical Ly-alpha-emitting galaxy and to compare these properties with the properties of other galaxies at similar redshift, in particular Lyman-break galaxies. Methods: We have performed narrow-band imaging at the VLT, focused on Ly-alpha at redshift z ~ 3.15, in the GOODS-S field. We have identified a sample of Ly-alpha-emitting candidates, and we have studied their Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs). Results: We find that the emitters are best fit by an SED with low metallicity (Z/Z_sun = 0.005), low dust extinction (A_V ~ 0.32) and medium stellar masses of approximately 10^9 M_sun. The age is not very well constrained. One object out of 24 appears to be a high redshift Ly-alpha-emitting dusty starburst galaxy. We find filamentary structure as traced by the Ly-alpha-emitters at the 4 sigma level. The rest-frame UV SED of these galaxies is very similar to that of Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) and comply with the selection criteria for U-band drop-outs, except they are intrinsically fainter than the current limit for LBGs. Conclusion: Ly-alpha-emitters are excellent probes of galaxies in the distant universe, and represent a class of star-forming, dust and AGN free, medium mass objects.
description: 13 pages, 14 figures, 8 tables, Accepted for publication in A&A
Surprises in the suddenly-expanded infinite well
Creators: name: Aslangul, Claude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I study the time-evolution of a particle prepared in the ground state of an infinite well after the latter is suddenly expanded. It turns out that the probability density $|Ψ(x, t)|^{2}$ shows up quite a surprising behaviour: for definite times, {\it plateaux} appear for which $|Ψ(x, t)|^{2}$ is constant on finite intervals for $x$. Elements of theoretical explanation are given by analyzing the singular component of the second derivative $\partial_{xx}Ψ(x, t)$. Analytical closed expressions are obtained for some specific times, which easily allow to show that, at these times, the density organizes itself into regular patterns provided the size of the box in large enough; more, above some critical time-dependent size, the density patterns are independent of the expansion parameter. It is seen how the density at these times simply results from a construction game with definite rules acting on the pieces of the initial density.
description: 24 pages, 14 figures
Ion-trap quantum information processing: experimental status
Creators: name: Kielpinski, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomic ions trapped in ultra-high vacuum form an especially well-understood and useful physical system for quantum information processing. They provide excellent shielding of quantum information from environmental noise, while strong, well-controlled laser interactions readily provide quantum logic gates. A number of basic quantum information protocols have been demonstrated with trapped ions. Much current work aims at the construction of large-scale ion-trap quantum computers using complex microfabricated trap arrays. Several groups are also actively pursuing quantum interfacing of trapped ions with photons.
description: review article for Frontiers of Physics replace corrupted TeX file
Production of hyperons at FAIR energies
Creators: name: Jahan, H.
name: Chattopadhyay, S.
name: Senger, P.
name: Ahmad, N.
name: Irfan, M.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2014
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2013 - GSI Report 2014-1
Magnetotransport patterns of collective localization near $ν=1$ in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas
Creators: name: Myers, S. A.
name: Huang, Haoyun
name: Pfeiffer, L. N.
name: West, K. W.
name: Csáthy, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report complex magnetotransport patterns of the $ν=1$ integer quantum Hall state in a GaAs/AlGaAs sample from the newest generation with a record high electron mobility. The reentrant integer quantum Hall effect in the flanks of the $ν=1$ plateau indicates the formation of the integer quantum Hall Wigner solid, a collective insulator. Moreover, at a fixed filling factor, the longitudinal resistance versus temperature in the region of the integer quantum Hall Wigner solid exhibits a sharp peak. Such sharp peaks in the longitudinal resistance versus temperature so far were only detected for bubble phases forming in high Landau levels but were absent in the region of the Anderson insulator. We suggest that in samples of sufficiently low disorder sharp peaks in the longitudinal resistance versus temperature traces are universal transport signatures of all isotropic electron solids that form in the flanks of integer quantum Hall plateaus. We discuss possible origins of these sharp resistance peaks and we draw a stability diagram for the insulating phases in the $ν$-$T$ phase space.
A snapshot of the Queen Charlotte fault zone obtained from P-wave refraction data
Creators: name: Horn, James R.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In 1979 a refraction seismic study was conducted across the Queen Charlotte fault zone, a transform boundary between the Pacific and North American plates along the northwestern coast of British Columbia. Two explosion profiles, one parallel to and one perpendicular to the strike of this fault zone were recorded on three ocean bottom seismographs (OBS's) and one land-based seismograph. The parallel profile recorded at one of the OBS's passed entirely over oceanic crust. Assuming lateral homogeneity along this profile, one dimensional amplitude modelling of the P-wave data with the WKBJ alorithm produced a velocity model with the characteristics of standard oceanic crust. The partially reversed perpendicular profile recorded at 2 OBS's and the land station, passed over the fault zone, which in topographic cross-section shows two linear fault escarpments separated by a flat terrace. An initial velocity structure provided by time term analysis of the complete data set was modified by ray tracing until the travel time data for the three stations were satisfied. The final velocity model shows a terrace crustal unit consisting of a 2 km thick layer with an average velocity of 3.9 km/s and an underlying 9 km thick layer with an average velocity of 6.4 km/s, which have lower velocities than corresponding layers in the oceanic crust to the west (4.5 and 6.9 km/s) and in the upper layer of the continental crust to the east (4.4 km/s). A mantle with a velocity of 7.9 km/s dips 20° beneath the terrace. The 15° difference between the fault trace and the relative plate motion vector requires approximately 1.5 cm/yr of convergence. Underthrusting of oceanic crust could accommodate this convergence and could lead to the extensive crustal shearing responsible for the velocity reductions in the terrace crust.
Anisotropic Magnification Distortion of the 3D Galaxy Correlation: I. Real Space
Creators: name: Hui, Lam
name: Gaztanaga, Enrique
name: LoVerde, Marilena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known gravitational lensing, mainly via magnification bias, modifies the observed galaxy/quasar clustering. Such discussions have largely focused on the 2D angular correlation. Here and in a companion paper (Paper II) we explore how magnification bias distorts the 3D correlation function and power spectrum, as first considered by Matsubara. The interesting point is: the distortion is anisotropic. Magnification bias preferentially enhances the observed correlation in the line-of-sight (LOS) orientation, especially on large scales. For example at LOS separation of ~100 Mpc/h, where the intrinsic galaxy-galaxy correlation is rather weak, the observed correlation can be enhanced by lensing by a factor of a few, even at a modest redshift of z ~ 0.35. The opportunity: this lensing anisotropy is distinctive, making it possible to separately measure the galaxy-galaxy, galaxy-magnification and magnification-magnification correlations, without measuring galaxy shapes. The anisotropy is distinguishable from the well known distortion due to peculiar motions, as will be discussed in Paper II. The challenge: the magnification distortion of the galaxy correlation must be accounted for in interpreting data as precision improves. For instance, the ~100 Mpc/h baryon acoustic oscillation scale in the correlation function is shifted by up to ~3% in the LOS orientation, and up to ~0.6% in the monopole, depending on the galaxy bias, redshift and number count slope. The corresponding shifts in the inferred Hubble parameter and angular diameter distance, if ignored, could significantly bias measurements of the dark energy equation of state. Lastly, magnification distortion offers a plausible explanation for the well known excess correlations seen in pencil beam surveys.
description: 15 pages, revised to include a discussion of the pioneering paper by Matsubara (2000)
Constraining the nuclear matter equation of state around twice saturation density
Creators: name: Le Fevre, A.
name: Leifels, Y.
name: Reisdorf, W.
name: Aichelin, J.
name: Hartnack, C.
name: Herrmann, Norbert
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2014
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2013 - GSI Report 2014-1