Xylopia longipetala De Wild. &amp; T. Durand, Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. Ser. 2, Bot. 1 (1): 4 1899
Creators: name: Couvreur, Thomas L. P.
name: Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J.
name: Crozier, Francoise
name: Ghogue, Jean-Paul
name: Hoekstra, Paul H.
name: Kamdem, Narcisse G.
name: Johnson, David M.
name: Murray, Nancy A.
name: Sonke, Bonaventure
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliales
Annonaceae
Xylopia
Xylopia longipetala

description: Xylopia longipetala De Wild. &amp; T. Durand, Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. Sér. 2, Bot. 1(1): 4, 1899 Fig. 147; Map 18C = Uvaria parviflora A.Rich., in Guillemin, Perrottet, &amp; A. Richard, Fl. Senegamb. tent., part 1: 9, 1831; Coelocline? Uvaria parviflora (A.Rich.,) A.DC., Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 5: 209, 1832; Unona parviflora (A.Rich.) Steudel, Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 730, 1841; Xylopia parviflora (A.Rich.) Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. 23: 479, 1862, non X. parviflora Spruce; Xylopicrum parviflorum (A. Richard) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 1: 8. 1891; Xylopia vallotii Chipp ex Hutchinson &amp; Dalziel, Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1(1): 53. Mar 1927. Type. Senegal. Ziguinchor Region, <i>Perrottet G.G.-S. s. n.</i>, 3 or 4 Apr 1829: lectotype, designated by Johnson and Murray (2018), p. 180: P[P00169145]; isotypes: B[B10 0273361, probable]; BM[BM000511054]; G[G00190717]; P[P00169144, plus 4 additional sheets lacking bar codes]. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Equateur; Bangala, <i>Dewèvre A.P. 876</i> , May 1896: holotype: BR[BR0000008825360]; isotype: BR[BR0000008825377]. Description. Tree to shrub, up to 15 m tall, d.b.h. up to 40 cm; stilt roots and buttresses absent. Old branches glabrous, young branches glabrous to sparsely pubescent with erect hairs 0.1-0.5 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3-6 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, pubescent to glabrous, slightly grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 4.2-8.8 cm long, 1.7-3.7 cm wide, oblong or elliptic, occasionally lanceolate, lanceolate-ovate, or ovate-oblong, apex acuminate to obtuse, acumen 0.4-0.8 cm long, base rounded, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent to glabrous when old, above glabrous when young and old, slightly discolorous; midrib sunken, above sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous to sparsely pubescent when old, below sparsely pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent when old; secondary veins 9 to 14 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary, peduncle 1-1.5 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 4 per inflorescence; peduncle 1-1.5 mm long; pedicel 2-3 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to glabrous; in fruit 10-17 mm long, 7-11 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to glabrous; bracts 2 to 3, towards the middle of pedicel, 1-2 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, <b>reflexed at anthesis</b>, 2-3 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, outer petals longer than inner; <b>outer petals 3, 16-62 mm long, 2.7-5 mm wide at base, linear, lax and ribbonlike</b>, apex obtuse, base broad and concave, pale yellow to yellow-green with purple to red base, densely pubescent outside, sparsely pubescent inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 19-48 mm long, 3.1-5.2 mm wide at base, linear, lax and ribbonlike, crinkled when dried, apex acute to obtuse, base broad and concave, yellow-green with red base, pubescent at least towards base outside, glabrous to sparsely pubescent inside, densely hairy in the basal concavity; stamens 80 to 100, in 5 to 6 rows, 1-2 mm long, oblong; connective apex shield-like, glabrous; carpels 5 to 7, ovary 1 mm long, stigmas loosely connivent with tips free, linear and sometimes falcate, 3.8-7 mm long, pubescent to glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipe 1-5 mm long, 3-8 mm in diameter; monocarps 3 to 6, 30-44 mm long, 11-19 mm wide, oblongoid, apex rounded or with a beak ca. 2 mm long, glabrous, <b>longitudinally ridged</b>, verrucose and wrinkled when dried, green, sometimes purple or red tinged outside, endocarp bright red; seeds 7 to 12 per monocarp, <b>in two rows</b>, 10-12 mm long, 6-9 mm wide, ellipsoid; <b> sarcotesta white to green <i>in vivo</i>; aril absent.</b> Distribution. Occurs from Senegal to southern Chad and south to northern Angola and the northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from East, Central and Adamaoua regions. Habitat. A species of inundated riparian forests, sometimes on sandy soils. Altitude 30-700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated yet. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. <i>Xylopia longipetala</i> was long known by the name <i>X. parviflora</i> (A. Rich.) Benth, which is however an illegitimate later homonym of <i>X. parviflora</i> Spruce, a South American species. The reflexed sepals, lax ribbonlike petals, and ridged monocarps distinguish it from <i>X. katangensis</i>. Specimens examined. <b>Adamaoua Region</b>: Rives du Djerem près Mbakaou, 6.32°N, 12.82°E, <i>08 December 1959</i>, <i>Letouzey R.</i> 2459 (BR,K,P,YA). <b>Central Region</b>: left bank Sanaga River near ferry Nachtigal ca 20 km N of Obala, 4.35°N, 11.63°E, <i>11 June 1964</i>, <i>de Wilde W.J.J.O</i> 2676 (B,BR,K,MO,P,WAG); Left bank Sanaga R near Ferry Nachtigal ca 20 km N of Obala, 4.21°N, 11.38°E, <i>19 November 1965</i>, <i>Leeuwenberg A.J.M.</i> 7033 (B,BR,C,GC,K,LUAI,MO,P,UC,WAG,YA); Yangafok II 25 km ENE de Bafia, 4.93°N, 11.37°E, <i>26 November 1969</i>, <i>Letouzey R.</i> 9614 (P,YA). <b>East Region</b>: On island in the Sangha River adjacent to the Ndakan gorilla study site, 2.20°N, 16.15°E, <i>13 March 1988</i>, <i>Fay J.M.</i> 8307 (MO,WAG); Eastern Province W bank of Sangha River, 2.63°N, 16.06°E, <i>22 May 1988</i>, <i>Harris D.J.</i> 757 (K); Rives du Dja près Ndongo à 40 km WNW de Moloundou, 2.58°N, 15.29°E, <i>18 March 1973</i>, <i>Letouzey R.</i> 12138 (K,P,YA); Djerem R (Niadaba), 5.93°N, 12.88°E, <i>27 June 1959</i>, <i>Letouzey R.</i> 2261 (P,YA); Bertoua-Batouri, 4.58°N, 13.68°E, <i>01 January 1962</i>, <i>Tchinaye V.</i> 103 (P,YA); 7 km NW du confluent Boumba Dja Ngoba, 2.07°N, 15.23°E, <i>17 April 1971</i>, <i>Villiers J.-F.</i> 666 (P).
description: Published as part of <i>Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. &amp; Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207</i> on pages 469-471, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432
description: {"references": ["Johnson, DM, Murray, NA, 2018. A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa. PhytoKeys 97: 1 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975", "Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}