cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in cystic fibrosis-related airway inflammatory responses
Creators: name: Ribeiro, C.M.P.
name: Boucher, R.C.
Publisher: name: American Thoracic Society
Year: 2010

description: Chronic airway infection and inflammation are hallmarks of cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary disease. The altered airway environment resulting from infection and inflammation can affect the innate defense of the airway epithelia. Luminal bacterial and inflammatory stimuli trigger an adaptation in human airway epithelia, characterized by a hyperinflammatory response to inflammatory mediators, which is mediated by an expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its Ca21 stores. Recent studies demonstrated that a form of ER stress, the unfolded protein response (UPR), is activated in airway epithelia by bacterial infection-induced airway inflammation. UPRdependent signaling is responsible for the ER Ca21 store expansionmediated amplification of airway inflammatory responses. These studies highlight the functional importance of the UPR in airway inflammation and suggest that targeting the UPR may be a therapeutic strategy for airway diseases typified by chronic inflammation. This article reviews the contribution of airway epithelia to airway inflammatory responses, discusses how expansion of the ER Ca21 stores in inflamed airway epithelia contributes to airway inflammation, describes the functional role of the UPR in these processes, and discusses how UPR activation might be relevant for CF airways inflammatory disease.
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator impedes proteolytic stimulation of the epithelial Na+ channel
Creators: name: Dang, H.
name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Gentzsch, M.
name: Suchindran, H.
name: Stutts, M.J.
name: Garcia-Caballero, A.
name: Dang, Y.
Publisher: name: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Inc.
Year: 2010

description: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) that prevent its proper folding and trafficking to the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Absence of cAMP-mediated Cl- secretion in CF airways causes poorly hydrated airway surfaces in CF patients, and this condition is exacerbated by excessive Na+ absorption. The mechanistic link between missing CFTR and increased Na+ absorption in airway epithelia has remained elusive, although substantial evidence implicates hyperactivity of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). ENaC is known to be activated by selective endoproteolysis of the extracellular domains of its α- and γ-subunits, and it was recently reported that ENaC and CFTR physically associate in mammalian cells. We confirmed this interaction in oocytes by co-immunoprecipitation and found that ENaC associated with wild-type CFTR was protected from proteolytic cleavage and stimulation of open probability. In contrast, ΔF508 CFTR, the most common mutant protein in CF patients, failed to protect ENaC from proteolytic cleavage and stimulation. In normal airway epithelial cells, ENaC was contained in the anti-CFTR immunoprecipitate. In CF airway epithelial cultures, the proportion of full-length to total α-ENaC protein signal was consistently reduced compared with normal cultures. Our results identify limiting proteolytic cleavage of ENaC as a mechanism by which CFTR down-regulates Na+ absorption.
title: Contrast-Enhanced ultrasonography improves technical sufficiency of fine needle aspiration on suspicious malignant thyroid nodules
Creators: name: Fu, Ying
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Thyroid / Parathyroids
subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Oncology
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Biopsy
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Pathology

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: A person with thyroid nodule is a common situation faced by clinicians. In primary care of this situation, thyroid nodules are detected in up to 50%to 60% of healthy people[1], however, most nodules do not cause clinically significant symptoms, only...
The Relationship of Maternal Gestational Mass Spectrometry-Derived Metabolites with Offspring Congenital Heart Disease: Results from Multivariable and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.
Creators: name: Taylor, Kurt
name: McBride, Nancy
name: Zhao, Jian
name: Oddie, Sam
name: Azad, Rafaq
name: Wright, John
name: Andreassen, Ole A
name: Stewart, Isobel D
name: Langenberg, Claudia
name: Magnus, Maria Christine
name: Borges, Maria Carolina
name: Caputo, Massimo
name: Lawlor, Deborah A
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: metabolites
congenital heart disease
Born in Bradford
ALSPAC
MoBa

description: Background: It is plausible that maternal pregnancy metabolism influences the risk of offspring congenital heart disease (CHD). We sought to explore this through a systematic approach using different methods and data. Methods: We undertook multivariable logistic regression of the odds of CHD for 923 mass spectrometry (MS)-derived metabolites in a sub-sample of a UK birth cohort (Born in Bradford (BiB); N = 2605, 46 CHD cases). We considered metabolites reaching a p-value threshold <0.05 to be suggestively associated with CHD. We sought validation of our findings, by repeating the multivariable regression analysis within the BiB cohort for any suggestively associated metabolite that was measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or clinical chemistry (N = 7296, 87 CHD cases), and by using genetic risk scores (GRS: weighted genetic risk scores of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were associated with any suggestive metabolite) in Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. The MR analyses were performed in BiB and two additional European birth cohorts (N = 38,662, 319 CHD cases). Results: In the main multivariable analyses, we identified 44 metabolites suggestively associated with CHD, including those from the following super pathways: amino acids, lipids, co-factors and vitamins, xenobiotics, nucleotides, energy, and several unknown molecules. Of these 44, isoleucine and leucine were available in the larger BiB cohort (NMR), and for these the results were validated. The MR analyses were possible for 27/44 metabolites and for 11 there was consistency with the multivariable regression results. Conclusions: In summary, we have used complimentary data sources and statistical techniques to construct layers of evidence. We found that pregnancy amino acid metabolism, androgenic steroid lipids, and levels of succinylcarnitine could be important contributing factors for CHD.
title: Joint Bilateral Filtering for Dual Energy Computed Tomography - A phantom study
Creators: name: Cheung, Chi Wai
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Radiation physics
subject: Computer applications
subject: CT
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Kv imaging

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Dual Energy Computed Tomography produces the two image sets with different energy spectra. By incorporating information from both image sets in filtering process, there is a hope to suppress noise without reducing fine image details significantly....
OGLE-2012-BLG-0563Lb: a Saturn-mass Planet around an M Dwarf with the Mass Constrained by Subaru AO imaging
Creators: name: Fukui, A.
name: Gould, A.
name: Sumi, T.
name: Bennett, D. P.
name: Bond, I. A.
name: Han, C.
name: Suzuki, D.
name: Beaulieu, J. -P.
name: Batista, V.
name: Udalski, A.
name: Street, R. A.
name: Tsapras, Y.
name: Hundertmark, M.
name: Abe, F.
name: Bhattacharya, A.
name: Freeman, M.
name: Itow, Y.
name: Ling, C. H.
name: Koshimoto, N.
name: Masuda, K.
name: Matsubara, Y.
name: Muraki, Y.
name: Ohnishi, K.
name: Philpott, L. C.
name: Rattenbury, N.
name: Saito, T.
name: Sullivan, D. J.
name: Tristram, P. J.
name: Yonehara, A.
name: Choi, J. -Y.
name: Christie, G. W.
name: DePoy, D. L.
name: Dong, Subo
name: Drummond, J.
name: Gaudi, B. S.
name: Hwang, K. -H.
name: Kavka, A.
name: Lee, C. U.
name: McCormick, J.
name: Natusch, T.
name: Ngan, H.
name: Park, H.
name: Pogge, R. W.
name: Shin, I-G.
name: Tan, T. -G.
name: Yee, J. C.
name: Szymański, M. K.
name: Pietrzyński, G.
name: Soszyński, I.
name: Poleski, R.
name: Kozłowski, S.
name: Pietrukowicz, P.
name: Ulaczyk, K.
name: Bramich, Ł. Wyrzykowski D. M.
name: Browne, P.
name: Dominik, M.
name: Horne, K.
name: Ipatov, S.
name: Kains, N.
name: Snodgrass, C.
name: Steele, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a microlensing exoplanet OGLE-2012-BLG-0563Lb with the planet-star mass ratio ~1 x 10^{-3}. Intensive photometric observations of a high-magnification microlensing event allow us to detect a clear signal of the planet. Although no parallax signal is detected in the light curve, we instead succeed at detecting the flux from the host star in high-resolution JHK'-band images obtained by the Subaru/AO188 and IRCS instruments, allowing us to constrain the absolute physical parameters of the planetary system. With the help of a spectroscopic information about the source star obtained during the high-magnification state by Bensby et al., we find that the lens system is located at 1.3^{+0.6}_{-0.8} kpc from us, and consists of an M dwarf (0.34^{+0.12}_{-0.20} M_sun) orbited by a Saturn-mass planet (0.39^{+0.14}_{-0.23} M_Jup) at the projected separation of 0.74^{+0.26}_{-0.42} AU (close model) or 4.3^{+1.5}_{-2.5} AU (wide model). The probability of contamination in the host star's flux, which would reduce the masses by a factor of up to three, is estimated to be 17%. This possibility can be tested by future high-resolution imaging. We also estimate the (J-Ks) and (H-Ks) colors of the host star, which are marginally consistent with a low metallicity mid-to-early M dwarf, although further observations are required for the metallicity to be conclusive. This is the fifth sub-Jupiter-mass (0.2
description: 17 pages, 11 figures, an error in Figure 11 in the published version corrected
Thrombin promotes release of ATP from lung epithelial cells through coordinated activation of Rho- and Ca2+ -dependent signaling pathways
Creators: name: Jones, L.
name: Lazarowski, E.R.
name: Trejo, J.A.
name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Kreda, S.
name: O'Neal, W.
name: Seminario-Vidal, L.
Publisher: name: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Inc.
Year: 2009

description: Extracellular ATP controls key aspects of lung function via activation of epithelial cell purinergic receptors, but how ATP is released from cells remains poorly understood. To identify mechanistic components upstream of ATP release, we examined the effect of selected G protein coupled-receptor activation on ATP release from lung epithelial cells. The protease-activated receptor (PAR) agonist thrombin elicited a rapid Ca2+-dependent release of ATP from A549 cells. In contrast, the P2Y2 receptor agonist UTP caused negligible ATP release, despite promoting a robust Ca2+ response. Agonist-elicited ATP release was associated with Rho activation and was reduced in cells transfected with dominant negative mutants of p115-Rho GEF or RhoA, and by inhibitors of Rho kinase (ROCK). However, RhoA activation alone did not promote ATP release if temporally separated from Ca2+ mobilization. PAR3 was the only PAR subtype detected in A549 cells by reverse transcription-PCR. Transfection of cells with human PAR3 cDNA increased thrombin-promoted ATP release, inositol phosphate formation, and RhoA activation. Conversely, small interference RNA against PAR3 diminished thrombin-evoked responses. Thrombin-elicited ATP release was accompanied by an enhanced cellular uptake of propidium iodide in a Ca2+- and ROCK-dependent manner and was inhibited by connexin/ pannexin hemichannel blockers. Our data suggest that thrombin promotes ATP release from A549 cells via Rho- and Ca2+ -dependent activation of connexin/pannexin hemichannels. The relevance of these findings is highlighted by the observation that exposure of primary cultures of well differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells to thrombin resulted in robust ATP release, which was inhibited by ROCK inhibitors and by connexin/pannexin hemichannel blockers.
Detection of anaerobic bacteria in high numbers in sputum from patients with cystic fibrosis
Creators: name: Wolfgang, M.C.
name: Patrick, S.
name: Gilpin, D.F.
name: Tunney, M.M.
name: Muhlebach, M.S.
name: Field, T.R.
name: Doering, G.
name: Boucher, R.
name: McDowell, A.
name: Moriarty, T.F.
name: Elborn, J.S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Rationale: Pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) is polymicrobial and it is possible that anaerobic bacteria, not detected by routine aerobic culture methods, reside within infected anaerobic airway mucus. Objectives: To determine whether anaerobic bacteria are present in the sputum of patients with CF. Methods: Sputumsamples were collected from clinically stable adults with CF and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from children with CF. Induced sputum samples were collected from healthy volunteers who did not have CF. All samples were processed using anaerobic bacteriologic techniques and bacteria within the samples were quantified and identified. Measurements and Main Results: Anaerobic species primarily within the genera Prevotella, Veillonella, Propionibacterium, and Actinomyces were isolated in high numbers from 42 of 66 (64%) sputum samples from adult patients with CF. Colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa significantly increased the likelihood that anaerobic bacteria would be present in the sputum. Similar anaerobic species were identified in BALF from pediatric patients with CF. Although anaerobes were detected in induced sputum samples from 16 of 20 volunteers, they were present in much lower numbers and were generally different species compared with those detected in CF sputum. Species-dependent differences in the susceptibility of the anaerobes to antibiotics with knownactivity against anaerobes were apparent with all isolates susceptible to meropenem. Conclusions: A range of anaerobic species are present in large numbers in the lungs of patients with CF. If these anaerobic bacteria are contributing significantly to infectionandinflammationin the CF lung, informed alterations to antibiotic treatment to target anaerobes, in addition to the primary infecting pathogens, may improve management.
title: BLES biopsy: An alternative excisional method in small clusters of suspicious breast microcalcifications.
Creators: name: Georgiou, Irene
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Calcifications / Calculi
subject: Biopsy
subject: Mammography
subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Breast

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The Breast Lesion Excision System (BLES) is an automated, vacuum-assisted breast biopsy device. The BLES biopsy procedure is completed in a single pass. Upon entry into the breast, radiofrequency is used to ablate breast tissue. At the lesion...
Rationale for hypertonic saline therapy for cystic fibrosis lung disease
Creators: name: Tarran, R.
name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Donaldson, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by alterations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTCR) gene. More than 1400 mutations in the CFTCR gene have been described, but the most common mutation (noted in 70% of CF chromosomes) is ΔF508. Alterations in the CFTCR gene result in deranged sodium and chloride ion transport channels. This leads to failure of airway epithelia to hydrate their surfaces normally, particularly in response to infectious or toxic insults. Additional effects include mucus adhesion to airway surface, chronic inflammation, and infections. The concept that airway surface dehydration can cause CF-like lung disease is supported by in vitro data and in vivo animal models. Rehydrating airway surfaces may reduce or prevent lung injury and damage. Short- and longer term studies have shown that inhalation of hypertonic saline is well tolerated and improves lung function, reduces exacerbations, and improves quality of life in CF patients. This review discusses the importance of airway epithelial sodium and chloride channels in the pathogenesis of CF, and strategies (particularly the use of inhaled hypertonic saline) to reverse or minimize lung inflammation and injury in this disease.
Toward a framework for selecting behavioural policies: How to choose between boosts and nudges
Creators: name: Grüne-Yanoff, Till
name: Marchionni, Caterina
name: Feufel, Markus A.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie
subject: 330 Wirtschaft
subject: behavioural policy
subject: nudge
subject: boost
subject: heuristic
subject: decision-making

description: Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: In this paper, we analyse the difference between two types of behavioural policies – nudges and boosts. We distinguish them on the basis of the mechanisms through which they are expected to operate and identify the contextual conditions that are necessary for each policy to be successful. Our framework helps judging which type of policy is more likely to bring about the intended behavioural outcome in a given situation.
(101793) Mary Isabella (Dame) Symonds
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Clinical Impact of Susceptibility-Weighted MR Sequences in the Female Pelvis
Creators: name: Takeuchi, Mayumi
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Pelvis
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer
subject: Blood
subject: Calcifications / Calculi

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To demonstrate the role of susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance sequences in diagnosing various pathologies in the female...
(101789) Samuel Henry Swayne
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(101790) Walter Thomas Swayne
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Limit theorems for multipower variations of Lévy driven and fractional-Lévy-motion driven processes
Creators: name: Pessik, Andre
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 510
subject: Lévy-Prozess
subject: Grenzwertsatz

description: Der wesentliche Fokus dieser Arbeit liegt auf der Herleitung von Grenzwertsätzen für die Multipower Variationen Lévy-getriebener Prozesse. Die Lévy-getriebenen Prozesse besitzen unter anderem unendlich teilbare Randverteilungen und eine nach belieben modifizierbare Korrelationsstruktur, weswegen sie sich zur Modellierung in vielen Gebieten (z.B. Finance) eignen. Ferner bildet die Klasse dieser Prozesse eine Verallgemeinerung der fraktionalen Brownschen Bewegung und sie umfasst Prozesse, die keine Gauß-Prozesse sind und die daher mit anderen Beweismethoden zu handhaben sind. Die Multipower Variationen, die eine Verallgemeinerung des Konzeptes der Powervariationen bilden, werden zum Beispiel in stochastischen Volatilitätsmodellen als Schätzer für die Volatilität verwendet. Ferner können Multipower Variationen zur Zerlegung von Prozessen in einen Kontinuierlichen-Anteil sowie einen Sprung-Anteil genutzt werden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden für geeignet normierte Multipower Variationen Lévy-getriebener Prozesse drei Typen von Grenzwertsätzen mit drei grundsätzlich verschiedenen Grenzobjekten hergeleitet, wobei der Typ des Grenzwertsatzes von der Sprungaktivität des treibenden Lévy Prozesses, den Ordnungen der Differenzenfilter, der Größe der Powerparameter und der Regularität der Kernfunktionen abhängt. Der erste Typ ist ein Grenzwertsatz bezüglich stabiler Konvergenz in Verteilung einer Konvergenzart zwischen der stochastischen Konvergenz und der Konvergenz in Verteilung. Das zugehörige Grenzobjekt ist eine unendlich teilbare Zufallsvariable, die sich aus den Sprüngen des treibenden Lévy Prozesses sowie einer Folge von Zufallsvariablen, welche auf einer Folge von unabhängigen Gleichverteilungen basiert, zusammensetzt Der zweite und dritte Typ sind verallgemeinerte Gesetze der großen Zahlen. Im zweiten Typ ist der treibende Lévy Prozess ein symmetrischer α-stabiler Prozess und die zugehörige passend normierte Multipower Variation konvergiert stochastisch gegen den Erwartungswert einer stetig-transformierten fraktionalen Lévy Bewegung, die von dem zugrunde liegendem Lévy Prozess angetrieben wird. Im letzten Typ, werden sowohl fast sichere als auch L¹ Konvergenz nachgewiesen und für beide Konvergenzarten werden Konvergenzgeschwindigkeiten hergeleitet, die bisher auch im Falle der Powervariationen nicht bekannt waren. Ferner können hier die Lévy-getriebenen Prozesse, in der betrachteten Multipower Variation, von verschiedenen Lévy Prozesse angetrieben werden. Das entsprechende Grenzobjekt ist eine Zufallsvariable, die auf den zeitlichen pfadweise Ableitungen der betrachteten Lévy-getriebenen Prozesse basiert. Des Weiteren werden in dieser Arbeit die unter Typ 1 und Typ 3 aufgeführten Resultate auf Prozesse, die von einer fraktionalen Lévy Bewegung angetrieben werden, erweitert.
Ion and fluid transport properties of small airways in cystic fibrosis
Creators: name: Chinet, T.
name: Blouquit, S.
name: Fermanian, C.
name: Boucher, R.
name: Naline, E.
name: Regnier, A.
name: Dannhoffer, L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Rationale: Small airways constitute amajor site of pathology in cystic fibrosis (CF) and provide most of the surface area of the conducting airways of the lung. Little is known, however, about the impact of CF on ion and fluid transport in small (bronchiolar) airways. Objectives: To describe the ion and fluid transport properties of CF bronchiolar epithelium. Methods: Primary cultures of human bronchial and bronchiolar (non-CF and CF) epithelial cells were obtained. The bioelectric properties were studied in Ussing chambers and the airway surface liquid (ASL) height was measured with confocal microscopy. Main Results: Primary cultures of ΔF508 CF bronchiolar epithelial cells displayed higher transepithelial resistance than non-CF cultures, whereas baseline short circuit current and amiloride-inhibitable short circuit current were similar in both preparations. The ASL height was significantly smaller in CF compared with non-CF preparations. In the presence of amiloride, addition of forskolin increased short circuit current in non-CF but not in CF bronchiolar cultures, and the ATP-induced increase in short circuit current was lower in CF than in non-CF cultures. Non-CF bronchiolar preparations displayed larger short circuit current and fluid secretion in responses to forskolin than non-CF bronchial preparations, suggesting that CFTR-dependent Cl- transport may play a more important role in the regulation of fluid transport in small airways than in large airways. Conclusion: In CF small airways, defective Cl- secretion combined with unregulated (persistent) Na+ absorption results in ASLdepletion.
Dr. Donaldson and colleagues reply [10]
Creators: name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Donaldson, S.H.
name: Tarran, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Dr. Donaldson and colleagues reply: Mr. Zarogiannis et al. point out that corticosteroids and hypertonicity up-regulate aquaporin-3 and speculate that the use of inhaled corticosteroids could have influenced responses to amiloride, hypertonic saline, or both. Because the effect of amiloride on water transport was discovered only after the completion of our clinical trial, we neither excluded nor studied separately patients receiving inhaled corticosteroids. Reassuringly, inhaled corticosteroid use was balanced in the randomized groups, and all subjects were exposed to hypertonic saline, making it unlikely that an effect on aquaporin-3 greatly influenced the trial outcomes. Finally, recent in vitro experiments in our laboratory (unpublished data) suggest that water transport by means of aquaporin-3 is not attenuated by amiloride.
(101791) John Addington Symonds
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Fracture of pars interarticularis with or without spondylolisthesis in adult population of a developing country: Evaluation by Multidetector Computed tomography
Creators: name: Khanzada, Usman
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: Bones
subject: CT
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: PACS
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: Outcomes

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Lumbar spondylolysis is a frequently encountered problem usually as a result of increased stress on pars interarticularis. This stress may be related to monotonous extension, flexion or rotation of lumbar spine during bipedal movement in humans...
Effective mass of $^4$He atom in superfluid and normal phases
Creators: name: Vakarchuk, Ivan
name: Hryhorchak, Orest
name: Pastukhov, Volodymyr
name: Prytula, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formula for the temperature dependence of the effective mass of a $^{4}% $He atom in the superfluid and normal phases is obtained.\,\,This expression for the effective mass allows one to eliminate infra-red divergences, being applicable at all temperatures, except for a narrow fluctuation region 0.97~$\lesssim T/T_{\rm c}\leq1$.\,\,In the high and low temperature limits, as well as in the interactionless limit, the obtained expression reproduces the well known results.\,\,The temperature dependence of the heat capacity and the phase transition temperature $T_{\rm c}\approx$~2.18~K are calculated, by using the formula obtained for the effective mass.\,\,In the framework of the approach proposed in this work, the small critical index $η$ is determined in the random phase approximation.\,\,The obtained value corresponds to the well known result.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
title: Assessing pancreatic adenocarcinoma recurrence with MDCT: a systematic approach.
Creators: name: Pérez Girbés, Alexandre
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Pancreas
subject: CT
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Neoplasia

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To describe and illustrate normal MDCT findings after classic pancreatoduodenectomy procedure and its common variants. To review early imaging findings of local and distant recurrence, providing a brief practical guide for report follow-up...
Mucus clearance and lung function in cystic fibrosis with hypertonic saline
Creators: name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Tarran, R.
name: Zeman, K.L.
name: Donaldson, S.H.
name: Knowles, M.R.
name: Bennett, W.D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: BACKGROUND: Abnormal homeostasis of the volume of airway surface liquid in patients with cystic fibrosis is thought to produce defects in mucus clearance and airway defense. Through osmotic forces, hypertonic saline may increase the volume of airway surface liquid, restore mucus clearance, and improve lung function. METHODS: A total of 24 patients with cystic fibrosis were randomly assigned to receive treatment with inhaled hypertonic saline (5 ml of 7 percent sodium chloride) four times daily with or without pretreatment with amiloride. Mucus clearance and lung function were measured during 14-day baseline and treatment periods. RESULTS: Long-term inhalation of hypertonic saline without pretreatment with amiloride (i.e., with placebo pretreatment) resulted in a sustained (≥8 hours) increase in 1-hour rates of mucus clearance, as compared with those with amiloride pretreatment (14.0±2.0 vs. 7.0±1.5 percent, respectively; P = 0.02) and increased 24-hour rates of mucus clearance over baseline. Furthermore, inhalation of hypertonic saline with placebo improved the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1) between the baseline period and the treatment period (mean difference, 6.62 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.6 to 11.7; P = 0.02), whereas hypertonic saline with amiloride did not improve FEV 1 (mean difference, 2.9 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, -2.2 to 8.0; P = 0.23). Forced vital capacity (FVC), the forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75 percent of FVC (FEF 25-75), and respiratory symptoms also significantly improved in patients treated with hypertonic saline and placebo, whereas the residual volume as a proportion of total lung capacity (RV:TLC) did not change in either group. A comparison of the changes in lung function in the two groups showed no significant difference. In vitro data suggested that sustained hydration of airway surfaces was responsible for the sustained improvement in mucus clearance, whereas inhibition of osmotically driven water transport by amiloride accounted for the observed loss of clinical benefit. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with cystic fibrosis, inhalation of hypertonic saline produced a sustained acceleration of mucus clearance and improved lung function. This treatment may protect the lung from insults that reduce mucus clearance and produce lung disease.
Axion cosmology, lattice QCD and the dilute instanton gas
Creators: name: Borsanyi, S.
name: Dierigl, M.
name: Fodor, Z.
name: Katz, S. D.
name: Mages, S. W.
name: Nogradi, D.
name: Redondo, J.
name: Ringwald, A.
name: Szabo, K. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Axions are one of the most attractive dark matter candidates. The evolution of their number density in the early universe can be determined by calculating the topological susceptibility $χ(T)$ of QCD as a function of the temperature. Lattice QCD provides an ab initio technique to carry out such a calculation. A full result needs two ingredients: physical quark masses and a controlled continuum extrapolation from non-vanishing to zero lattice spacings. We determine $χ(T)$ in the quenched framework (infinitely large quark masses) and extrapolate its values to the continuum limit. The results are compared with the prediction of the dilute instanton gas approximation (DIGA). A nice agreement is found for the temperature dependence, whereas the overall normalization of the DIGA result still differs from the non-perturbative continuum extrapolated lattice results by a factor of order ten. We discuss the consequences of our findings for the prediction of the amount of axion dark matter.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
title: Height of lumbar disc and vertebral body: what is the relation with body mass index, subcutaneous fat thickness, body weight, length and age?
Creators: name: Salamon, Nicolas
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Demineralisation-Bone
subject: Statistics
subject: MR
subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: Anatomy

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between anthropometric (age, body mass index, body weight and length) and morphometric parameters (lumbar disc height, vertebral body height and subcutaneous fat thickness) on MRI of the lumbar...
(101788) Harold Herbert Perkins
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Direct shoulder MR arthrography with axial traction improves visibility of superior labral anteroposterior (SLAP) tears
Creators: name: Dai, Yuk Ling Eunice
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Extremities
subject: MR
subject: Arthrography
subject: Trauma
subject: Athletic injuries

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Diagnosis of labral tears remains challenging due to often subtle imaging findings and anatomical variations [1]. Axial traction was previously applied in MR arthrography to study superior labral anteroposterior (SLAP) tears in cadavers [2] and...
(101784) Edgar John Swayne
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supersymmetric Casimir Energy and the Anomaly Polynomial
Creators: name: Bobev, Nikolay
name: Bullimore, Mathew
name: Kim, Hee-Cheol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conjecture that for superconformal field theories in even dimensions, the supersymmetric Casimir energy on a space with topology $S^1\times S^{D-1}$ is equal to an equivariant integral of the anomaly polynomial. The equivariant integration is defined with respect to the Cartan subalgebra of the global symmetry algebra that commutes with a given supercharge. We test our proposal extensively by computing the supersymmetric Casimir energy for large classes of superconformal field theories, with and without known Lagrangian descriptions, in two, four and six dimensions.
description: 59 pages, 1 figure, v2: minor improvements, ref added
title: May-Thurner Syndrome: an underestimated syndrome
Creators: name: Di Caro, Vanesa
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Veins / Vena cava
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Vascular
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Catheter venography
subject: MR-Angiography
subject: Angioplasty
subject: Stents
subject: Embolism / Thrombosis
subject: Varices

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To present the computed tomography (CT) findings and the endovascular treatment...
Characterization of wild-type and ΔF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator in human respiratory epithelia
Creators: name: Mengos, A.
name: Mall, M.
name: Riordan, J.R.
name: Kreda, S.M.
name: Rochelle, L.
name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Yankaskas, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Previous studies in native tissues have produced conflicting data on the localization and metabolic fate of WT and ΔF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) in the lung. Combining immunocytochemical and biochemical studies utilizing new high-affinity CFTR mAbs with ion transport assays, we examined both 1) the cell type and region specific expression of CFTR in normal airways and 2) the metabolic fate of ΔF508 CFTR and associated ERM proteins in the cystic fibrosis lung. Studies of lungs from a large number of normal subjects revealed that WT CFTR protein localized to the apical membrane of ciliated cells within the superficial epithelium and gland ducts. In contrast, other cell types in the superficial, gland acinar, and alveolar epithelia expressed little WT CFTR protein. No ΔF508 CFTR mature protein or function could be detected in airway specimens freshly excised from a large number of ΔF508 homozygous subjects, despite an intact ERM complex. In sum, our data demonstrate that WT CFTR is predominantly expressed in ciliated cells, and ΔF508 CFTR pathogenesis in native tissues, like heterologous cells, reflects loss of normal protein processing.
Classification of the Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field Radiation Measurement from the Laptop Computers
Creators: name: Brodic, Darko
name: Amelio, Alessia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6; D.4.8

description: The paper considers the level of the extremely low-frequency magnetic field, which is produced by laptop computers. The magnetic field, which is characterized by extremely low frequencies up to 300 Hz is measured due to its hazardous effects to the laptop user's health. The experiment consists of testing 13 different laptop computers in normal operation conditions. The measuring of the magnetic field is performed in the adjacent neighborhood of the laptop computers. The measured data are presented and then classified. The classification is performed by the K-Medians method in order to determine the critical positions of the laptop. At the end, the measured magnetic field values are compared with the critical values suggested by different safety standards. It is shown that some of the laptop computers emit a very strong magnetic field. Hence, they must be used with extreme caution.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
title: MR Imaging in subacute ovarian torsion misdiagnosed as adnexal mass: A pictorial review
Creators: name: Singh, Tulika
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: MR
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To depict pictorially the MRI signs of subacute or chronic ovarian torsion. To briefly review the common MRI signs of ovarian torsion. 0 0 1 20 116 PGIMER 1 1 135 14.0 Normal 0 false false false EN-IN JA...
Mechanical ventilation alters airway nucleotides and purinoceptors in lung and extrapulmonary organs
Creators: name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Douillet, C.D.
name: Robinson III, W.P.
name: Lazarowski, E.R.
name: Zarzaur, B.L.
name: Rich, P.B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Extracellular nucleotides are stress-responsive ligands that mediate a variety of cellular processes via purinoceptors. We hypothesized that mechanical ventilation (MV) would alter the extracellular adenyl-nucleotide profile and purinoceptor expression in lung and extrapulmonary tissues. Twenty-eight rats were randomized to: (i) unventilated control animals; (ii) tidal volume (V T; 6 ml/kg); (iii) VT (6 ml/kg) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP; 5 cm H2O); (iv) VT (12 ml/kg); or (v) VT (12 ml/kg) and PEEP (5 cm H2O). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was analyzed for adenyl-nucleotides. Pulmonary, hepatic, and renal tissues were assessed for P2Y4, P 2Y6, P2X7, A3, and A 2b receptor expression by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Fas/Fas ligand mRNA was quantified in the lung. MV produced volume-dependent changes in BAL nucleotides; AMP and adenosine increased, whereas ATP and ADP proportions decreased. Large-volume MV increased A 2b mRNA and decreased P2X7 in the lung; mRNA changes in lung Fas ligand paralleled P2X7. PEEP normalized BAL nucleotide profiles and A2b expression. Injurious MV reduced hepatic and renal P2X7 mRNA; PEEP normalized these levels in both tissues. Large-volume MV also decreased renal A2b mRNA. MV alters the BAL adenyl-nucleotide profile and purinoceptor patterns in lung, liver, and kidney. PEEP normalizes the BAL nucleotide profile and receptor patterns in lung and extrapulmonary tissues.
Turn Segmentation into Utterances for Arabic Spontaneous Dialogues and Instance Messages
Creators: name: Elmadany, AbdelRahim A.
name: Abdou, Sherif M.
name: Gheith, Mervat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Text segmentation task is an essential processing task for many of Natural Language Processing (NLP) such as text summarization, text translation, dialogue language understanding, among others. Turns segmentation considered the key player in dialogue understanding task for building automatic Human-Computer systems. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to turn segmentation into utterances for Egyptian spontaneous dialogues and Instance Messages (IM) using Machine Learning (ML) approach as a part of automatic understanding Egyptian spontaneous dialogues and IM task. Due to the lack of Egyptian dialect dialogue corpus the system evaluated by our corpus includes 3001 turns, which are collected, segmented, and annotated manually from Egyptian call-centers. The system achieves F1 scores of 90.74% and accuracy of 95.98%.
(101785) Emily Sheppard King
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Three-dimensional force microscope: A nanometric optical tracking and magnetic manipulation system for the biomedical sciences
Creators: name: Bishop, G.
name: Davis, C.W.
name: Wilde, B.
name: Vicci, L.
name: Keller, K.
name: Fisher, J.K.
name: Cummings, J.R.
name: O'Brien, E.T.
name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Desai, K.V.
name: Taylor, R.M.
name: Weigle, C.
name: Superfine, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: We report here the development of a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic force microscope for applying forces to and measuring responses of biological systems and materials. This instrument combines a conventional optical microscope with a free-floating or specifically bound magnetic bead used as a mechanical probe. Forces can be applied by the bead to microscopic structures of interest (specimens), while the reaction displacement of the bead is measured. This enables 3D mechanical manipulations and measurements to be performed on specimens in fluids. Force is generated by the magnetically permeable bead in reaction to fields produced by external electromagnets. The displacement is measured by interferometry using forward light scattered by the bead from a focused laser beam. The far-field interference pattern is imaged on a quadrant photodetector from which the 3D displacement can be computed over a limited range about the focal point. The bead and specimen are mounted on a 3D translation stage and feedback techniques are used to keep the bead within this limited range. We demonstrate the system with application to beads attached to cilia in human lung cell cultures.