cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Discrete Variable Representation method in the study of few-body quantum systems with non-zero angular momentum
Creators: name: Timoshenko, V. A.
name: Yarevsky, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The systems with small binding energies and widely distributed in space bound-state wave functions are considered. Because the interaction potential is weak and rather localized compared to the characteristic sizes of wave functions of these systems, the problem of an accurate determination of binding energy and wave functions is complicated. An essential part of the study is the development and application of the discrete-variable representation (DVR) method. This method is based on the determination of basis functions and the nodes and weights of a quadrature formula in such way that the values of a function are zero at all these nodes but one. With this representation the time required for calculating the Hamiltonian matrix elements is substantially reduced. The binding energies of several systems consisting of helium and lithium atoms have been obtained using the DVR method.
The status of pentaquark spectroscopy on the lattice
Creators: name: Csikor, F.
name: Fodor, Z.
name: Katz, S. D.
name: Kovacs, T. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present work is a summary of the status of lattice pentaquark calculations. After a pedagogic introduction to the basics of lattice hadron spectroscopy we give a critical comparison of results presently available in the literature. Special emphasis is put on presenting some of the possible pitfalls of these calculations. In particular we discuss at length the choice of the hadronic operators and the separation of genuine five-quark states from meson-baryon scattering states.
description: 13 pages LaTeX, 1 eps figure
Stability of Fe-based alloys with structure type C6Cr23
Creators: name: Widom, M.
name: Mihalkovic, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bulk metallic glass forms when liquid metal alloys solidify without crystalization. In the search for Iron-based bulk glass-forming alloys of the metal-metalloid type (Fe-B- and Fe-C-based), crystals based on the structural prototype C6Cr23 often preempt the amorphous phase. Destabilizing this competing crystal structure could enhance glass-formability. We carry out first-principles total energy calculations of enthalpy of formation to identify third elements that can effectively destabilize C6Cr23. Yttrium appears optimal among transition metals, and rare earths also are suitable. Atomic size is the dominant factor.
description: 6 pages, 4 figs
Cancer patients’ preferred and perceived level of involvement in treatment decision-making: an epidemiological study
Creators: name: Pola Hahlweg
name: Kriston, Levente
name: Scholl, Isabelle
name: Brähler, Elmar
name: Faller, Hermann
name: Schulz, Holger
name: Weis, Joachim
name: Koch, Uwe
name: Wegscheider, Karl
name: Mehnert, Anja
name: Härter, Martin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: We aimed to analyze preferred and perceived levels of patients’ involvement in treatment decision-making in a representative sample of cancer patients. Material and Methods: We conducted a multicenter, epidemiological cross-sectional study with a stratified random sample based on the incidence of cancer diagnoses in Germany. Data were collected between January 2008 and December 2010. Analyses were undertaken between 2017 and 2019. We included 5889 adult cancer patients across all cancer entities and disease stages from 30 acute care hospitals, outpatient facilities, and cancer rehabilitation clinics in five regions in Germany. We used the Control Preferences Scale to assess the preferred level of involvement and the nine-item Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire to assess the perceived level of involvement. Results: About 4020 patients (mean age of 58 years, 51% female) completed the survey. Response rate was 68.3%. About a third each preferred patient-led, shared, or physician-led decision-making. About 50.7% perceived high levels, about a quarter each reported moderate (26.0%) or low (24.3%) levels of shared decision-making. Sex, age, relationship status, education, health care setting, and tumor entity were linked to preferred and/or perceived decision-making. Of those patients who preferred active involvement, about 50% perceived high levels of shared decision-making. Conclusion: The majority of patients with cancer wanted to be involved in medical decisions. Many patients perceived a high level of shared decision-making. However, many patients’ level of involvement did not fit their preference. This study provides a solid basis for efforts to improve shared decision-making in German cancer care.
Running G and Λat low energies from physics at M_X: possible cosmological and astrophysical implications
Creators: name: Shapiro, Ilya L.
name: Sola, Joan
name: Stefancic, Hrvoje
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The renormalization group (RG) approach to cosmology is an efficient method to study the possible evolution of the cosmological parameters from the point of view of quantum field theory in curved space-time. In this work we continue our previous investigations of the RG method based on potential low-energy effects induced from physics at very high energy scales M_X near M_P. In the present instance we assume that both the Newton constant, G, and the cosmological term, Λ, can be functions of a scale parameter μ. It turns out that G(μ) evolves according to a logarithmic law which may lead to asymptotic freedom of gravity, similar to the gauge coupling in QCD. At the same time Λ(μ) evolves quadratically with μ. We study the consistency and cosmological consequences of these laws when μ=H. Furthermore, we propose to extend this method to the astrophysical domain after identifying the local RG scale at the galactic level. It turns out that Kepler's third law of celestial mechanics receives quantum corrections that may help to explain the flat rotation curves of the galaxies without introducing the dark matter hypothesis. The origin of these effects (cosmological and astrophysical) could be linked, in our framework, to physics at M_X= 10^{16-17} GeV.
description: LaTeX, 34 pages, 2 eps figures. Discussion enlarged, references added. Final version accepted in JCAP
ByzRev 03.2021.004: Jessica Schmidt, Die spätbyzantinischen Wandmalereien des Theodor Daniel und Michael Veneris.
Creators: name: Haustein-Bartsch, Eva
Publisher: name: The Byzantine Review
Year: 2021

description: Jessica Schmidt, Die spätbyzantinischen Wandmalereien des Theodor Daniel und Michael Veneris. Eine Untersuchung zu den Werken und der Vernetzung zweier kretischer Maler (Byzanz zwischen Orient und Okzident 20. Veröffentlichungen des Leibniz-WissenschaftsCampus Mainz/Frankfurt). Mainz: Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums 2020. 222 S., 152 Farbtaf. – ISBN: 978-3-88467-332-4 (€ 69)
description: The Byzantine Review, Bd. 3 (2021)
Safe vs. Fair: A Formidable Trade-off in Tackling Climate Change
Creators: name: Tavoni, Massimo
name: Chakravarty, Shoibal
name: Socolow, Robert
name: Tavoni, Massimo
name: Chakravarty, Shoibal
name: Socolow, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Climate Policy
subject: Burden Sharing
subject: Negative Emissions

description: Global warming requires a response characterized by forward-looking management of atmospheric carbon and respect for ethical principles. Both safety and fairness must be pursued, and there are severe trade-offs as these are intertwined by the limited headroom for additional atmospheric CO2 emissions. This paper provides a simple numerical mapping at the aggregated level of developed vs. developing countries in which safety and fairness are formulated in terms of cumulative emissions and cumulative per capita emissions respectively. It becomes evident that safety and fairness cannot be achieved simultaneously for strict definitions of both. The paper further posits potential global trading in future cumulative emissions budgets in a world where financial transactions compensate for physical emissions: the safe vs. fair trade-off is less severe but remains formidable. Finally, we explore very large deployments of engineered carbon sinks and show that roughly 1000 GtCO2 of cumulative negative emissions over the century are required to have a significant effect, a remarkable scale of deployment. We also identify the unexplored issue of how such sinks might be treated in sub-global carbon accounting.
Single Valued Neutrosophic Filters
Creators: name: Nordo, Giorgio
name: Mehmood, Arif
name: Broumi, Said
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54A05, 54A40

description: In this paper we give a comprehensive presentation of the notions of filter base, filter and ultrafilter on single valued neutrosophic set and we investigate some of their properties and relationships. More precisely, we discuss properties related to filter completion, the image of neutrosophic filter base by a neutrosophic induced mapping and the infimum and supremum of two neutrosophic filter bases.
On the resurgent population and food debate
Creators: name: Johnson, D. Gale
name: Johnson, D. Gale
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: Since Malthus wrote his famous Essay on Population, the world has witnessed great improvements in numerous measures of well-being Ð life expectancy, infant mortality, incidence of famines and plagues, per capita food consumption as well as real per capita incomes. These improvements have come about during rapid population growth in both industrial and developing countries. Food demand and supply projections suggest that growth of supply will fully meet growth of consumption while grain prices continue to decline. While China may increase grain imports early next century, Central and Eastern Europe is likely to emerge as a major grain exporter and thus help to meet the increase in China's imports.
Asia-Pacific food markets and trade in 2005: a global, economy-wide perspective
Creators: name: Anderson, Kym
name: Dimaranan, Betina V.
name: Hertel, Thomas W.
name: Martin, William J.
name: Anderson, Kym
name: Dimaranan, Betina V.
name: Hertel, Thomas W.
name: Martin, William J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Rapid industrialization in East Asia, particularly China, is raising questions about who will feed the region in the next century and how Asia will be able to pay for its food imports. The paper ®rst reviews existing food sector projections and then takes an economy-wide perspective using projections to 2005, based on the global CGE model known as GTAP. After showing the impact of implementing the Uruguay Round, the paper explores several alternative scenarios. A slowdown in farm productivity growth is shown to be costly to the world economy, as is slower economic growth in China. Failure to honour Uruguay Round obligations to open textile and clothing markets in OECD countries would reduce East Asia's industrialization and thereby slow its net imports of food. On the other hand, the trade reform that is likely to accompany China's (and hence Taiwan's) member- ship of the World Trade Organization (WTO) adds 30 per cent to estimated global gains from the Uruguay Round. Their WTO accession is projected to boost exports of manufactures and strengthen food import demand by not only China but also its densely populated neighbours with whom it trades intensively.
Synergistic activities of ceftazidime-avibactam in combination with different antibiotics against colistin-nonsusceptible clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Creators: name: Kara, Emel Mataraci
name: Yilmaz, Mesut
name: Ayşe İstanbullu Tosun
name: Çelik, Berna Özbek
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Background: This study aims to analyse the effect of ceftazidime-avibactam plus various antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Intensive Care Units. Methods: 40 non-duplicate P. aeruginosa isolates were screened for their MICs of ceftazidime, ceftazidime-avibactam, colistin, levofloxacin, doripenem and tobramycin. MICs were determined by the broth microdilution method. The in vitro bactericidal activities of ceftazidime-avibactam compared to studied antibiotics were also determined by time-kill curve assays both at 1xMIC and at 4xMIC against carbapenemase-producing or -not producing six colistin-nonsusceptible MDR clinical strains of P. aeruginosa. Additionally, synergistic interactions were investigated by the time-kill curve assay. Results: The MIC90 values for ceftazidime, ceftazidime-avibactam, colistin, levofloxacin, doripenem and tobramycin against MDR P. aeruginosa isolates were found to be >256, 64, 8, 64, 128, and >256 mg/L, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration90 values for those antibiotics were also >256, 64, 16, 128, 256, and >256 mg/L, respectively. While doripenem, tobramycin and levofloxacin were bactericidal (>3 log10 killing) against the 2/6, 3/6 and 1/6 P. aeruginosa isolates at 4xMIC concentrations, respectively, levofloxacin and tobramycin were bactericidal against only one isolate (1/6) at 1xMIC concentrations at 24 h. The synergistic interactions of these antimicrobial agents were also achieved with ceftazidime/avibactam + colistin (4/6), ceftazidime/avibactam + tobramycin (3/6), and ceftazidime/avibactam + levofloxacin (3/6) combinations. No antagonism was observed against studied P. aeruginosa strains. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that ceftazidime/avibactam with colistin, or tobramycin, were effective against colistin-nonsusceptible strains. This combination therapy could be an alternative antibiotic therapy for resistant P. aeruginosa strains.
Coupled nitrogen and oxygen isotope fractionation of nitrate imparted during its assimilation and dissimilatory reduction by unicellular plankton
Creators: name: Granger, Julie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: I report the first measurements of coupled nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) isotopic variations of nitrate (NO₃⁻) during its assimilation and dissimilatory reduction by laboratory cultures of marine and freshwater plankton. I derive the N and O kinetic isotope effects for nitrate assimilation by strains of marine and freshwater phytoplankton, as well as N and O isotope effects for denitrification by marine and freshwater strains of denitrifying bacteria. Large inter- and intra-species variations in the N and O isotope effects were observed among phytoplankton and among denitrifiers. However, the O isotope effect associated with either nitrate consumption or denitrification always co-varied with the N isotope effect, such that the ¹⁸O/¹⁶O and ¹⁵N/¹⁴N of nitrate changed concomitantly with a consistent ratio of ~1:1, regardless of species or culture conditions. A single strain of denitrifiers, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, showed an O-to-N co-variation of 0.6. My results indicate that the dominant driver of the N and O isotope effects is nitrate reductase. The O-to-N ratio of I owes to the isotopic signature of the various nitrate reductases involved in nitrate reduction, namely the eukaryotic assimilatory nitrate reductase (eukNR), the prokaryotic assimilatory nitrate reductase (NAS), as well as the prokaryotic respiratory nitrate reductase (NAR). The variability in the observed magnitude of the N and O isotope effects is attributed to changes in the ratio of cellular nitrate uptake and efflux. The unusual O-to-N ratio of 0.6 observed for R. sphaeroides is imprinted on nitrate by the periplasmic auxiliary nitrate reductase NAP. I also report a novel method to remove nitrite from samples for isotopic analysis of nitrate with the ’denitrifier method,’ which measures the isotopic composition of nitrate and nitrite concomitantly. Nitrite is removed with ascorbate while purging with an inert gas. The method is non-toxic (hence compatible with the denitrifier method) and does not alter the concentration or the isotopic composition of nitrate in the samples. The findings reported here provide insight into the physiological mechanisms underlying nitrate isotopic fractionation during its assimilation and dissimilatory reduction. The trends observed in culture underline the biological systematics from which to interpret in situ measurements of coupled N and O isotopes of nitrate. Moreover, this work emphasizes the need to investigate the environmental factors that potentially contribute to variations in the magnitude of the N and O isotope effects in situ.
ByzRev 03.2021.009: Jeff W. Childers, Divining Gospel. Oracles of Interpretation in a Syriac Manuscript of John
Creators: name: Filimon, Florin
Publisher: name: The Byzantine Review
Year: 2021

description: Jeff W. Childers, Divining Gospel. Oracles of Interpretation in a Syriac Manuscript of John (Manuscripta biblica 4). Berlin – Boston: De Gruyter 2020. XI, 230 pp. – ISBN: 78-3-11-061721-4 (€ 86.95).
description: The Byzantine Review, Bd. 3 (2021)
Application of mean-Gini stochastic efficiency analysis
Creators: name: McDonald, Jeffrey D.
name: Moffitt, L. Joe
name: Willis, Cleve E.
name: McDonald, Jeffrey D.
name: Moffitt, L. Joe
name: Willis, Cleve E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This article adds to the information base concerning the applicability of mean- Gini stochastic efficiency analysis in agriculture. The mean-Gini efficient set of decisions is characterized rigorously in terms of its corresponding absolute risk aversion. In an empirical analysis, the mean-Gini efficient set of decisions is derived for four studies from the literature and compared to the second degree stochastic dominance efficient set. An alternative quantitative measure of risk aversion is used to gain insight in a visceral sense to the risk preferences associated with mean-Gini efficient decisions.
Tunnelling induced collapse of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in a double-well potential
Creators: name: Sakellari, E.
name: Proukakis, N. P.
name: Adams, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stability of a low temperature Bose-Einstein condensate with attractive interactions in one and three dimensional double-well potentials is discussed. In particular, the tunnelling dynamics of a condensate under the influence of a time-dependent potential gradient is investigated. The condensate is shown to collapse at a critical potential gradient which corresponds to a critical number of atoms in one of the two wells. The sensitivity of this tunnelling induced collapse could provide a useful tool in the study of condensates with attractive interactions.
Predicting Game Difficulty and Churn Without Players
Creators: name: Roohi, Shaghayegh
name: Relas, Asko
name: Takatalo, Jari
name: Heiskanen, Henri
name: Hämäläinen, Perttu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.6.0; I.2.6

description: We propose a novel simulation model that is able to predict the per-level churn and pass rates of Angry Birds Dream Blast, a popular mobile free-to-play game. Our primary contribution is to combine AI gameplay using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) with a simulation of how the player population evolves over the levels. The AI players predict level difficulty, which is used to drive a player population model with simulated skill, persistence, and boredom. This allows us to model, e.g., how less persistent and skilled players are more sensitive to high difficulty, and how such players churn early, which makes the player population and the relation between difficulty and churn evolve level by level. Our work demonstrates that player behavior predictions produced by DRL gameplay can be significantly improved by even a very simple population-level simulation of individual player differences, without requiring costly retraining of agents or collecting new DRL gameplay data for each simulated player.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, In Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play (CHI PLAY '20)
Economics of new technologies for sustainable agriculture
Creators: name: Zilberman, David
name: Khanna, Madhu
name: Lipper, Leslie
name: Zilberman, David
name: Khanna, Madhu
name: Lipper, Leslie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Farm Management

description: Sustainable agriculture is prescribed as a policy approach that maximizes economic benefits while maintaining environmental quality. It is argued that this approach is human capital-intensive and encourages new scientific developments. To attain sustainability, economic incentives for the development and adoption of precision technologies (with minimal residues that cause environmental damage) have to be developed. Taxation and tradeable permits are desirable policies to attain first-best solutions; however, when heterogeneity and lack-of-information problems are significant, alternative institutions have to be developed. The paper presents and discusses such institutions.
Nanoscale structure detection and monitoring of tumour growth with optical coherence tomography
Creators: name: Das, Nandan
name: Sergey, Alexandrov
name: Zhou, Yi
name: Gilligan, Katie E.
name: Dwyer, Róisín M
name: Leahy, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Approximately 90% of cancers have their origins in epithelial tissues and this leads to epithelial thickening, but the ultrastructural changes and underlying architecture is less well known. Depth resolved label free visualization of nanoscale tissue morphology is required to reveal the extent and distribution of ultrastructural changes in underlying tissue, but is difficult to achieve with existing imaging modalities. We developed a nanosensitive optical coherence tomography (nsOCT) approach to provide such imaging based on dominant axial structure with a few nanometre detection accuracy. nsOCT maps the distribution of axial structural sizes an order of magnitude smaller than the axial resolution of the system. We validated nsOCT methodology by detecting synthetic axial structure via numerical simulations. Subsequently, we validated the nsOCT technique experimentally by detecting known structures from a commercially fabricated sample. nsOCT reveals scaling with different depth of dominant submicron structural changes associated with carcinoma which may inform the origins of the disease, its progression and improve diagnosis.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Crop genetic resource policy: the role of ex situ genebanks
Creators: name: Wright, Brian D.
name: Wright, Brian D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The world-wide capacity of genebanks for ex situ conservation of crop genetic resources has increased greatly since the 1970s, improving the access of crop breeders to landraces and wild and weedy relatives. But utilization of genebank resources has not kept pace. The set of popular cultivars in major crops is typically rather small, and their ancestry encompasses only a fraction of the genetic diversity currently available in other cultivars. Discussions of farmers' rights that focus on compensation for current incorporation of farmers' varieties in new cultivars have diverted attention from the question of why so little of the newly accessible genetic diversity is currently being utilized by public and private breeders. To optimize the future provision of genebank services, research is needed on the costs of genebanks, the market for their services, the use of genetic resources by breeders, and the implications of recognition of farmers' rights, evolving intellectual property rights, continued funding problems and developments in biotechnology.
Open heavy flavor measurements with the PHENIX experiment at RHIC
Creators: name: Averbeck, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The PHENIX experiment has measured single electron spectra at RHIC in proton-proton (p-p), deuteron-gold (d-Au), and gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions at an available energy per nucleon-nucleon pair of sqrt{s_NN} = 200 GeV. Contributions from photonic sources, i.e. Dalitz decays of light mesons and photon conversions, are subtracted from the inclusive spectra. The remaining non-photonic single electron spectra are dominated by semileptonic decays of particles carrying heavy flavor. Implications of these systematic measurements for heavy flavor production in cold and hot nuclear systems are discussed.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, presented at Hot Quarks 2004, Taos, New Mexico, USA
Frequency analysis and dynamic aperture studies in ELENA with realistic 3D magnetic fields
Creators: name: Bojtár, Lajos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We briefly present recent progress with our algorithm and its implementation called SIMPA described in a previous paper. The algorithm has a new and unique approach to long-term 4D tracking of charged particles in arbitrary static electromagnetic fields. Using the improvements described in this paper, we made frequency analysis and dynamic aperture studies in ELENA. The effect of the end fields and the perturbation introduced by the magnetic system of the electron cooler on dynamic aperture is shown. A special feature of this study is that we have not introduced any multipole errors into the model. The dynamic aperture calculated in this paper is the direct consequence of the geometry of the magnetic elements. Based on the results, we make a few suggestions to reduce the losses during the deceleration of the beam.
Agricultural policy reform in the United States: an unfinished agenda
Creators: name: Stuart, Kimberly
name: Runge, C. Ford
name: Stuart, Kimberly
name: Runge, C. Ford
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The 1996 Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act (FAIR) contained important breaks with a tradition of crop-by-crop subsidies dating back to the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933. Farmers with recorded base acres were given the opportunity (which nearly all accepted) to sign a seven-year `contract' with the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), under which payments will be continued on the merged base acres on a declining schedule until the year 2002. FAIR is an unfinished agenda. First, the coverage of `freedom to farm' is only partial, with numerous commodities left out of the decoupling programme. Second, the largest producers will augment their already significant receipts with generous lump sum transfers from USDA. This will further reinforce the concentration of roughly 90 per cent of receipts and payments in the hands of the 100 000 to 200 000 largest producers of field crops. An alternative would be to make payments in times of low marketing receipts which recede when prices are high.
Seasonal variability, land values and willingness-to-pay for a forward wheat contract with protein premiums and discounts
Creators: name: Fraser, Rob W.
name: Fraser, Rob W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: This article investigates the impact of a protein premiums and discounts system on the income stream from growing wheat. Based on a biological relationship between protein and yield in uncertain seasonal conditions, it shows that such a system reduces the expected level and variability of wheat income. It is subsequently argued, using a numerical analysis, that protein payments affect both the attraction to wheat growers of forward contracts and the value of land used for wheat. The nature of both of these impacts is related to the level of seasonal variability affecting the land. Consequently, wheat growers in the more unreliable regions of the wheatbelt may have been particularly disadvantaged by the system.
Tau polarization in charge current neutrino-nucleon Deep Inelastic Scattering
Creators: name: Graczyk, Krzysztof M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical results for the degree of polarization of τ^- produced in (CC) neutrino - nucleon Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) are presented. Calculations are done in the threshold region, where the τ^- scattered by the small angles and can be partially polarized. The cross sections and polarization are calculated by using the GRV98 parton distributions functions (PDF's) and the GRV98 with modifications of A. Bodek at.al.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, Poster Session of the NuInt04 Conference, Gran Sasso 2004
Companion problems in quasispin and isospin
Creators: name: Zamick, Larry
name: Escuderos, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We note that the same mathematical results apply to problems involving quasispin and isospin, but the problems per se are different. In the quasispin case, one deals with a system of identical fermions (e.g. neutrons) and address the problem of how many seniority conserving interactions there are. In the isospin case, one deals with a system of both neutrons and protons and the problem in question is the number of neutron-proton pairs with a given total angular momentum. Other companion problems are also discussed.
description: 12 pages, Latex; some additions in section II and a brief summary at the end
Breaking degeneracies with the Sunyaev-Zeldovich full bispectrum
Creators: name: Ravenni, Andrea
name: Rizzato, Matteo
name: Radinović, Slađana
name: Liguori, Michele
name: Lacasa, Fabien
name: Sellentin, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Gaussian (NG) statistics of the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect carry significant information which is not contained in the power spectrum. Here, we perform a joint Fisher analysis of the tSZ power spectrum and bispectrum to verify how much the full bispectrum can contribute to improve parameter constraints. We go beyond similar studies of this kind in several respects: first of all, we include the complete power spectrum and bispectrum (auto- and cross-) covariance in the analysis, computing all NG contributions; furthermore we consider a multi-component foreground scenario and model the effects of component separation in the forecasts; finally, we consider an extended set of both cosmological and intra-cluster medium parameters. We show that the tSZ bispectrum is very efficient at breaking parameter degeneracies, making it able to produce even stronger cosmological constraints than the tSZ power spectrum: e.g. the standard deviation on $σ_8$ shrinks from $σ^\text{PS}(σ_8)=0.35$ to $σ^\text{BS}(σ_8)=0.065$ when we consider a multi-parameter analysis. We find that this is mostly due to the different response of separate triangle types (e.g. equilateral and squeezed) to changes in model parameters. While weak, this shape dependence is clearly non-negligible for cosmological parameters, and it is even stronger, as expected, for intra-cluster medium parameters.
description: 25 pages + 14 pages of appendices and references. 13 figures, 9 tables. Submitted to JCAP
Potential demand for hedging by Australian wheat producers
Creators: name: Simmons, Phil
name: Rambaldi, Alicia N.
name: Simmons, Phil
name: Rambaldi, Alicia N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Risk and Uncertainty

description: The potential for hedging Australian wheat with the new Sydney Futures Exchange wheat contract is examined using a theoretical hedging model parametised from previous studies. The optimal hedging ratio for an `average' wheat farmer was found to be zero under reasonable assumptions about transaction costs and based on previously published measures of risk aversion. The estimated optimal hedging ratios were found by simulation to be quite sensitive to assumptions about the degree of risk aversion. If farmers are significantly more risk averse than is currently believed, then there is likely to be an active interest in the new futures market.
Why projections on China's future food supply and demand differ
Creators: name: Fan, Shenggen
name: Agcaoili-Sombilla, Mercedita C.
name: Fan, Shenggen
name: Agcaoili-Sombilla, Mercedita C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: This article analyses the macroeconomic assumptions, demand and supply parameters, and structures of the models used in projecting China's future food supply, demand and trade. Projections vary greatly, from China being self- sufficient in grain to being a net importer of 369 million metric tons of grain in 2030. The differences stem mainly from the approaches chosen to model China's grain production and, in particular, the combined effects of land decline and yield growth. The article also points out improvements needed in future work on modelling China's grain economy, which include accounting for the links between agriculture and other sectors, technical change in the livestock industry and infra- structure constraints on grain imports.
Middlemen behaviour and generic advertising rents in competitive interrelated industries
Creators: name: Kinnucan, Henry W.
name: Kinnucan, Henry W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This article focuses on the role of middlemen in determining the returns to generic advertising in a competitive industry where supply is uncontrolled, the price of marketing inputs is endogenous, and retail markets are interrelated through consumer preferences. Theoretical analysis suggests farm-gate returns (quasi-rents) are overstated when input substitution at middlemen level is ignored, a result confrmed in the empirical application. As for mark-up behaviour, represented by the farm-retail price transmission elasticity, a general result is that farm-gate returns to generic advertising always increase as the transmission elasticity decreases, provided retail demand is more elastic than input substitution. Endogenising the price of marketing inputs has little effect on advertising rents.
Precision timing calorimetry with the CMS HGCAL
Creators: name: Lobanov, Artur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existing CMS endcap calorimeters will be replaced with a High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) for operation at the High Luminosity (HL) LHC. Radiation hardness and excellent physics performance will be achieved by utilising silicon pad sensors and SiPM-on-scintillator tiles with high longitudinal and transverse segmentation. One of the major challenges of the HL-LHC will be the high pileup environment, with interaction vertices spread not only in position, but also in time. In order to efficiently reject particles originating from pileup, precision timing information of the order of 30 ps will be of great benefit. In order to meet such performance goals, the HGCAL will provide timing measurements for individual hits with signals above 12 fC (equivalent to 3-10 MIPs), such that clusters resulting from particles with $p_T$ > 5 GeV should have a timing resolution better than 30 ps. Given the complexity and size of the system, this poses a particular challenge to the readout electronics as well as to the calibration and reconstruction procedures. We present the challenges for the front-end electronics design, results from prototype tests in laboratory and beam environments, as well as anticipated timing performance from simulation.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings of CHEF 2019 - Calorimetry for High Energy Frontier 2019
Directed Percolation with long-range interactions: modeling non-equilibrium wetting
Creators: name: Ginelli, F.
name: Hinrichsen, H.
name: Livi, R.
name: Mukamel, D.
name: Politi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is argued that some phase--transitions observed in models of non-equilibrium wetting phenomena are related to contact processes with long-range interactions. This is investigated by introducing a model where the activation rate of a site at the edge of an inactive island of length $\ell$ is $1+a\ell^{-σ}$. Mean--field analysis and numerical simulations indicate that for $σ>1$ the transition is continuous and belongs to the universality class of directed percolation, while for $0
description: 12 Figures. V Version resubmitted to Phys. Rev. E after referees report
Estimating and accounting for unobserved covariates in high dimensional correlated data
Creators: name: McKennan, Chris
name: Nicolae, Dan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Many high dimensional and high-throughput biological datasets have complex sample correlation structures, which include longitudinal and multiple tissue data, as well as data with multiple treatment conditions or related individuals. These data, as well as nearly all high-throughput ‘omic’ data, are influenced by technical and biological factors unknown to the researcher, which, if unaccounted for, can severely obfuscate estimation of and inference on the effects of interest. We therefore developed CBCV and CorrConf: provably accurate and computationally efficient methods to choose the number of and estimate latent confounding factors present in high dimensional data with correlated or nonexchangeable residuals. We demonstrate each method’s superior performance compared to other state of the art methods by analyzing simulated multi-tissue gene expression data and identifying sex-associated DNA methylation sites in a real, longitudinal twin study.
Biohydrography of eukaryotic microorganisms in a cold-ocean ecosystem
Creators: name: Hamilton, Andrew Kent
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Picoeukaryotes (0.2 - 3 urn) dominate the planktonic biomass of the Arctic Ocean for most of the year, strongly influencing primary production and carbon and nutrient cycles. Despite their importance in this cold-ocean ecosystem, little is known about factors controlling picoeukaryote diversity and distribution. Picoeukaryote community composition and distribution in relation to the physical characteristics of the water column was investigated, and we introduce the term biohydrography to describe studies of this type. Samples were collected at 6 depths across 9 stations in the North Water Polynya (NOW), a large recurring polynya in northern Baffin Bay. The hydrography of the NOW was determined from 52 CTD casts, and several different water masses were identified by their distinct temperature and salinity characteristics. The circulation of water masses in the region was reported and evidence of interleaving and mixing was found along the frontal zone where water masses converged. Picoeukaryote community composition was determined from denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles; samples showed 42 distinct band types or operational taxonomic units (OTUs) overall, with 8 to 22 OTUs per sample, and considerable variation in OTU composition among samples. Similarity analysis of DGGE profiles showed assemblages from different depths at the same station shared as little as 6% similarity, whereas assemblages from locations hundreds of kilometers apart shared as much as 90% similarity. Similarity among picoeukaryote communities was most closely related to the origin of the water mass sampled; for example, Arctic derived waters showed a unique and very different community than those of Atlantic origin. Separate community assemblages were also identified along the frontal zone, suggesting water masses maintain their signature community until further physical mixing disperses the organisms. Matching of excised DGGE band sequences identified organisms from taxonomic groups Acantharea, Cercozoa, Chrysophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, Prasinophyceae, and Prymnesiophyceae; however, many sequences matched uncultured organisms, whose function in the environment is unknown, highlighting the need for both culture and ecosystem-based studies. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that latitude, depth, chlorophyll levels, and community size structure were important factors that partially explained 42.6% of the variability in assemblages, indicating contemporary environmental conditions influence picoeukaryote community structure. A detailed understanding of water mass distribution, circulation patterns, and physical mixing processes was required to further explain assemblage relatedness among sites, revealing the importance of investigating hydrographic processes in studies of picoeukaryote community dynamics.
The evolution of trust and trustworthiness
Creators: name: Kumar, Aanjaneya
name: Capraro, Valerio
name: Perc, Matjaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Trust and trustworthiness form the basis for continued social and economic interactions, and they are also fundamental for cooperation, fairness, honesty, and indeed for many other forms of prosocial and moral behavior. However, trust entails risks, and building a trustworthy reputation requires effort. So how did trust and trustworthiness evolve, and under which conditions do they thrive? To find answers, we operationalize trust and trustworthiness using the trust game with the trustor's investment and the trustee's return of the investment as the two key parameters. We study this game on different networks, including the complete network, random and scale-free networks, and in the well-mixed limit. We show that in all but one case the network structure has little effect on the evolution of trust and trustworthiness. Specifically, for well-mixed populations, lattices, random and scale-free networks, we find that trust never evolves, while trustworthiness evolves with some probability depending on the game parameters and the updating dynamics. Only for the scale-free network with degree non-normalized dynamics, we find parameter values for which trust evolves but trustworthiness does not, as well as values for which both trust and trustworthiness evolve. We conclude with a discussion about mechanisms that could lead to the evolution of trust and outline directions for future work.
description: 9 two-column pages, 7 figures; accepted for publication in Journal of the Royal Society Interface
A Narrative Study of the Spouses of Traumatized Canadian Soldiers
Creators: name: McLean, Holly Beth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The purpose of this study is to provide an inclusive portrait of the experience of female spouses living with traumatized male Canadian soldiers healing from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). By facilitating the articulation of the spouses' stories this research gives a voice to and fosters appreciation for this neglected population. As well, this study helps clarify the needs and possible therapeutic interventions for spouses of soldiers in psychotherapy for PTSD. Although recently there has been an increased focus on addressing PTSD in soldiers, there has been comparatively little research and clinical attention given to the soldiers' families. For this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with six spouses of former peacekeeping Canadian soldiers who received group therapy for PTSD. Using the Life Story interview method, a spontaneous picture of the spouses' experiences was elicited as part of a comprehensive relationship narrative. This provided the opportunity for understanding the experience of living with a soldier in treatment for PTSD within a couple relationship and larger social context. Narrative summaries were created from the interviews and follow-up was conducted with each participant to gain feedback on these narratives. Kvale's (1996) method for analysis was then used to analyze for themes across narratives. Participants were also given the opportunity to read each other's narratives and discuss their impressions. The narrative summaries are presented along with thematic results. The participants' stories revealed instances of aggression, primary trauma and problems related to their husbands' periods of alcohol abuse, so Figley's model of Secondary Traumatic Stress was not the best conceptual fit to explain the experiences of these women. Limited support was found, however, for Hobfoll's (1998) model of a loss spiral to help describe the descent into chronic disability associated with combat-related PTSD as well as the difficulties soldiers experience in their transition from military service. This study's implications for practice include recommendations for groups for military spouses; the need to address the iatrogenic suffering of soldiers and their spouses; treatment recommendations for soldiers with PTSD. Future research also needs to include delivery and evaluation of a group-based counselling intervention for the spouses of traumatized soldiers.