cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in a self-gravitating rotating cosmic plasma
Creators: name: Turi, Jyoti
name: Misra, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves and their instabilities are studied in galactic gaseous rotating plasmas with the effects of the magnetic field, the self gravity, the diffusion-convection of cosmic rays as well as the gas and cosmic-ray pressures. The coupling of the Jeans, Alfv{é}n and magnetosonic waves, and the conditions of damping or instability are studied in three different cases, namely when the propagation direction is perpendicular, parallel and oblique to the static magnetic field, and are shown to be significantly modified by the effects of the Coriolis force due to the rotation of cosmic fluids and the cosmic-ray diffusion. The coupled modes can be damped or anti-damped depending on the wave number is above or below the Jeans critical wave number that is reduced by the effects of the Coriolis force and the cosmic-ray pressure. It is found that the deviation of the axis of rotation from the direction of the static magnetic field gives rise to the coupling between the Alfv{é}n wave and the classical Jeans mode which otherwise results into the modified slow and fast Alfv{é}n waves as well as the modified classical Jeans modes. Furthermore, due to the effects of the cosmic rays diffusion, there appears a new wave mode (may be called the fast Jeans mode) in the intermediate frequency regimes of the slow and fast Alfv{é}n waves, which seems to be dispersionless in the long-wavelength propagation and has a lower growth rate of instability in the high density regimes of galaxies. The dispersion properties and the instabilities of different kinds of MHD waves reported here can play pivotal roles in the formation of various galactic structures at different length scales.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
High resolution wind-tunnel investigation about the effect of street trees on pollutant concentration and street canyon ventilation
Creators: name: Fellini, Sofia
name: Marro, Massimo
name: Del Ponte, Annika Vittoria
name: Barulli, Marilina
name: Soulhac, Lionel
name: Ridolfi, Luca
name: Salizzoni, Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Greening cities is a key solution to improve the urban microclimate and mitigate the impact of climate change. However, the effect of tree planting on pollutant dispersion in streets is still a debated topic. To shed light on this issue, we present a wind-tunnel experiment aimed at investigating the effect of trees on street canyon ventilation. An idealized urban district was simulated by an array of blocks, and two rows of model trees were arranged at the sides of a street canyon oriented perpendicularly with respect to the wind direction. Reduced scale trees were chosen to mimic a realistic shape and aerodynamic behaviour. Three different spacings between the trees were considered. A passive scalar was injected from a line source placed at ground level and concentration measurements were performed in the whole canyon. Results show that the presence of trees alters the concentration pattern in the street with a progressive shift from a nearly two-dimensional to a three-dimensional field depending on tree density. Despite the significant change of the concentration field induced by trees, the average level of pollution in the street, and thus the overall ventilation efficiency, does not show a specific trend with the density of trees.
Solution to new sign problems with Hamiltonian Lattice Fermions
Creators: name: Huffman, Emilie
name: Chandrasekharan, Shailesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a solution to the sign problem in a class of particle-hole symmetric Hamiltonian lattice fermion models on bipartite lattices using the idea of fermion bags. The solution remains valid when the particle-hole symmetry is broken through a staggered chemical potential term. This solution allows, for the first time, simulations of some massless four-fermion models with minimal fermion doubling and with an odd number of fermion flavors using ultra-local actions. One can thus study a variety of quantum phase transitions that have remained unexplored so far due to sign problems.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, proceedings from Lattice 2014
Additional file 8 of Knowledge management tools and mechanisms for evidence-informed decision-making in the WHO European Region: a scoping review
Creators: name: El-Jardali, Fadi
name: Bou-Karroum, Lama
name: Hilal, Nadeen
name: Hammoud, Maya
name: Hemadi, Nour
name: Assal, Michelle
name: Kalach, Nour
name: Harb, Aya
name: Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha
name: Sy, Tyrone Reden
name: Novillo-Ortiz, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 8: Appendix 8. Table of characteristics - Evidence Synthesis.
Career self-efficacy disparities in underrepresented biomedical scientist trainees
Creators: name: Nogueira A.T.
name: Wefes I.
name: Chatterjee D.
name: Jacob G.A.
name: Chaudhary S.
name: Gaines C.H.
name: Chalkley R.
name: Layton R.L.
name: Hubbard N.M.
name: Varadarajan J.
name: Varvayanis S.S.
name: Fuhrmann C.N.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: The present study examines racial, ethnic, and gender disparities in career self-efficacy amongst 6077 US citizens and US naturalized graduate and postdoctoral trainees. Respondents from biomedical fields completed surveys administered by the National Institutes of Health Broadening Experiences in Scientific Training (NIH BEST) programs across 17 US institutional sites. Graduate and postdoctoral demographic and survey response data were examined to evaluate the impact of intersectional identities on trainee career self-efficacy. The study hypothesized that race, ethnicity and gender, and the relations between these identities, would impact trainee career self-efficacy. The analysis demonstrated that racial and ethnic group, gender, specific career interests (academic principal investigator vs. other careers), and seniority (junior vs. senior trainee level) were, to various degrees, all associated with trainee career self-efficacy and the effects were consistent across graduate and postdoctoral respondents. Implications for differing levels of self-efficacy are discussed, including factors and events during training that may contribute to (or undermine) career self-efficacy. The importance of mentorship for building research and career self-efficacy of trainees is discussed, especially with respect to those identifying as women and belonging to racial/ethnic populations underrepresented in biomedical sciences. The results underscore the need for change in the biomedical academic research community in order to retain a diverse biomedical workforce.
Anomalous supercurrent modulated by interfacial magnetizations in Josephson junctions with ferromagnetic bilayers
Creators: name: Meng, Hao
name: Wu, Xiuqiang
name: Ren, Yajie
name: Wu, Jiansheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, we investigate the transport of the Josephson current in a S/$f_L$-F$_1$-$f_C$-F$_2$-$f_R$/S junction, where S and F$_{1,2}$ are superconductors and ferromagnets, and $f_{L, C, R}$ are the left, central, and right spin-active interfaces. These interfaces have noncollinear magnetizations, and the azimuthal angles of the magnetizations at the $f_{L, C, R}$ interfaces are $χ_{L, C, R}$. We demonstrate that, if both the ferromagnets have antiparallel magnetizations, the critical current oscillates as a function of the exchange field and the thickness of the ferromagnets for particular $χ_L$ or $χ_R$. By contrast, when the magnetization at the $f_C$ interface is perpendicular to that at the $f_L$ and $f_R$ interfaces, the critical current reaches a larger value and is hardly affected by the exchange field and the thickness. Interestingly, if both the ferromagnets are converted to antiparallel half-metals, the critical current maintains a constant value and rarely changes with the ferromagnetic thicknesses and the azimuthal angles. At this time, an anomalous supercurrent can appear in the system, in which case the Josephson current still exists even if the superconducting phase difference $ϕ$ is zero. This supercurrent satisfies the current-phase relation $I=I_c\sin(ϕ+ϕ_0)$ with $I_c$ being the critical current and $ϕ_0=2χ_C-χ_L-χ_R$. We deduce that the additional phase $ϕ_0$ arises from phase superposition, where the phase is captured by the spin-triplet pairs when they pass through each spin-active interface. In addition, when both the ferromagnets are transformed into parallel half-metals, the $f_C$ interface never contributes any phase to the supercurrent and $ϕ_0=χ_R-χ_L+π$. In such a case, the current-phase relation is similar to that in a S/$f_L$-F-$f_R$/S junction.
Dispersive wave emission in dual concentric core fiber: the role of soliton-soliton collisions
Creators: name: Tonello, Alessandro
name: Modotto, Daniele
name: Krupa, Katarzyna
name: Labruyère, Alexis
name: Shalaby, Badr
name: Couderc, Vincent
name: Barthélémy, Alain
name: Minoni, Umberto
name: Wabnitz, Stefan
name: Aceves, Alejandro B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Soliton-soliton collisions have a crucial role in enhancing the spectrum of dispersive waves in optical fibers and collisions among in-phase solitons lead to a dramatic enhancement of the dispersive wave power, as well as to its significant spectral reshaping. We obtained a simple analytical model to estimate the spectral position, width and amplitude of the dispersive waves induced by a collision of two in-phase solitons. We tested our theory in the case of a dual concentric core microstructured fiber.
description: submitted to Photonics Tech. Lett. 5 figures
Environment-mediated entropic uncertainty in charging quantum batteries
Creators: name: Song, Meng-Long
name: Li, Li-Juan
name: Song, Xue-Ke
name: Ye, Liu
name: Wang, Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the dynamics of entropic uncertainty in Markovian and non-Markovian systems during the charging of open quantum batteries (QBs) mediated by a common dissipation environment. In the non-Markovian regime, the battery is almost fully charged efficiently, and the strong non-Markovian property is beneficial for improving the charging power. In addition, the results show that the energy storage is closely related to the couplings of the charger-reservoir and battery-reservoir; that is, the stronger coupling of a charger-reservoir improves energy storage. In particular, entanglement is required to obtain the most stored energy and is accompanied by the least tight entropic bound. Interestingly, it was found that the tightness of the entropic bound can be considered a good indicator of the energy transfer in different charging processes, and the complete energy transfer always corresponds to the tightest entropic bound. Our results provide insight into the optimal charging efficiency of QBs during practical charging.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, comments are welcomed. Accepted by Physical Review E
Additional file 7 of Knowledge management tools and mechanisms for evidence-informed decision-making in the WHO European Region: a scoping review
Creators: name: El-Jardali, Fadi
name: Bou-Karroum, Lama
name: Hilal, Nadeen
name: Hammoud, Maya
name: Hemadi, Nour
name: Assal, Michelle
name: Kalach, Nour
name: Harb, Aya
name: Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha
name: Sy, Tyrone Reden
name: Novillo-Ortiz, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 7: Appendix 7. Table of characteristics - HIS.
Assessing the impact of community-based interventions on hypertension and diabetes management in three Minnesota communities: Findings from the prospective evaluation of US HealthRise programs
Creators: name: Gabert R.K.
name: Fullman N.
name: Bhatt P.
name: Mandile C.
name: Flor L.S.
name: Johanns C.K.
name: Gakidou E.
name: Sadighi N.
name: Marshall S.
name: Camarda J.N.
name: Thomson B.
name: Daly J.
name: Colombara D.V.
name: Mulakaluri V.
name: Harris K.P.
name: McNellan C.R.
name: Phillips B.K.
name: Tamene T.
name: Cowling K.
name: Wollum A.
name: Reitsma M.B.
name: Bryant M.F.
name: Wilson S.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: Background Community-based health interventions are increasingly viewed as models of care that can bridge healthcare gaps experienced by underserved communities in the United States (US). With this study, we sought to assess the impact of such interventions, as implemented through the US HealthRise program, on hypertension and diabetes among underserved communities in Hennepin, Ramsey, and Rice Counties, Minnesota. Methods and findings HealthRise patient data from June 2016 to October 2018 were assessed relative to comparison patients in a difference-in-difference analysis, quantifying program impact on reducing systolic blood pressure (SBP) and hemoglobin A1c, as well as meeting clinical targets (< 140 mmHg for hypertension, < 8% Al1c for diabetes), beyond routine care. For hypertension, HealthRise participation was associated with SBP reductions in Rice (6.9 mmHg [95% confidence interval: 0.9–12.9]) and higher clinical target achievement in Hennepin (27.3 percentage-points [9.8–44.9]) and Rice (17.1 percentage-points [0.9 to 33.3]). For diabetes, HealthRise was associated with A1c decreases in Ramsey (1.3 [0.4–2.2]). Qualitative data showed the value of home visits alongside clinic-based services; however, challenges remained, including community health worker retention and program sustainability. Conclusions HealthRise participation had positive effects on improving hypertension and diabetes outcomes at some sites. While community-based health programs can help bridge healthcare gaps, they alone cannot fully address structural inequalities experienced by many underserved communities.
School Dropout Rates Among Farm and Nonfarm Youth: 1950 and 1960
Creators: name: Cowhig, James D.
name: Cowhig, James D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1963
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpts from the report Highlights: Information from the 1950 and 1960 Censuses of Population is used to derive estimates of the number and proportion of farm and nonfarm youths who dropped out of school before finishing high school. The analysis is focused on dropout rates for males, on differences between major regions, and on comparisons of white-nonwhite differences within the farm and nonfarm school-age populations. Data also are presented which may be used to derive dropout rates for females and to make detailed comparisons between the South and the rest of the United States. The estimated total number of school dropouts includes youths who had completed fewer than 12 years of school and were not enrolled in school--referred to as actual dropouts--plus the number of youths enrolled in grades (other than the 12th grade) two or more grades below the level of most youths of the same age--referred to as probable dropouts. Because 16 is the age when most State provisions for compulsory school attendance no longer apply, detailed analysis is limited to youths 16-24 years of age. To provide an overall description of the number of actual school dropouts in 1950 and 1960, estimates are made of the number of actual dropouts 14-24 years of age.
Theta distinguished representations, inflation and the symmetric square L-function
Creators: name: Kaplan, Eyal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F70

description: Let $Π_0$ be a representation of a group $H$. We say that a representation $τ$ is $(H,Π_0)$-distinguished, if it is a quotient of $Π_0$. It is natural to ask whether this notion "inflates" to larger groups, in the sense that a representation $\mathrm{I}(τ)$ induced from $τ$ and $H$ to a group $G$, is $(G,Π)$-distinguished. We study representations distinguished by theta representations: $H=GL_n$, $Π_0$ is a pair of the exceptional representations of Kazhdan and Patterson, $G=GSpin_{2n+1}$ and $Π$ is a pair of the small representations of Bump, Friedberg and Ginzburg. We prove a Rodier-type hereditary property: a tempered representation $τ$ is distinguished if and only if $\mathrm{I}(τ)$ is distinguished, and the multiplicity in each model is the same. If $τ$ is supercuspidal and distinguished, we prove that the Langlands quotient of $\mathrm{I}(τ)$ is distinguished. As a corollary, we characterize supercuspidal distinguished representations, in terms of the pole of the local symmetric square $L$-function at $s=0$.
Additional file 2 of Knowledge management tools and mechanisms for evidence-informed decision-making in the WHO European Region: a scoping review
Creators: name: El-Jardali, Fadi
name: Bou-Karroum, Lama
name: Hilal, Nadeen
name: Hammoud, Maya
name: Hemadi, Nour
name: Assal, Michelle
name: Kalach, Nour
name: Harb, Aya
name: Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha
name: Sy, Tyrone Reden
name: Novillo-Ortiz, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Appendix 2: Search strategies.
Parental mediation and problematic media use among U.S. children with disabilities and their non-disabled siblings during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Alper, Meryl
name: Manganello, Jennifer
name: Colvin, Kimberly F.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Cancer
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: During the COVID-19 pandemic, caregivers of disabled children have faced adverse conditions complicating their media use management (i.e., parental mediation). Disabled children and non-disabled children in a household may also have distinct cognitive, emotional, and physical needs requiring different parental mediation strategies. In this exploratory study, we surveyed U.S. parents (N = 123) with a disabled and non-disabled child between the ages of 5 and 13 to explore child differences in average hours spent watching media and playing games, problematic media use, and parental mediation during the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic (Spring 2020–Spring 2021). Results suggest higher problematic media use for children with disabilities compared to their siblings without disabilities during the pandemic, with rates of problematic use primarily increasing or staying the same for both, but significantly more parental mediation of children without disabilities compared to those with disabilities. In the wake of the pandemic and spikes in children’s media use, screen time advice from health providers to households with both disabled and non-disabled children requires unique considerations to support healthy child media use. Prior State of Knowledge: Media have offered young people important opportunities for learning, entertainment, and social connection during the COVID-19 pandemic, but parents also have concerns about overuse and negative effects. Novel Contributions: We surveyed parents of school-age siblings with and without disabilities to compare media use patterns, problematic media use, and parental mediation. We found higher rates of problematic media use among disabled children, but more parental mediation of non-disabled children. Practical Implications: Practitioners who provide screen media guidance to households with both disabled and non-disabled children should consider these families’ unique considerations and circumstances, including how siblings mutually influence one another’s media use, as well as their parents’ overall caregiving practices.
Promoting research-based parenting strategies through U.S. local television news: An experimental evaluation of the Positive Parenting Newsfeed project
Creators: name: Piña, Gabriel
name: Torres, Alicia
name: Griffith, Isabel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Research finds that parents’ knowledge and practices exert significant influence on the developmental outcomes of children and youth. Formal parenting programs that improve parenting knowledge and practices can positively impact children’s development and behavior; however, these programs tend to be limited in terms of their scope and size of the populations they serve. We conducted an experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of the Positive Parenting Newsfeed project – a wide-reaching parenting initiative that features rigorous research-based strategies and recommendations for parents through monthly TV news reports in English and Spanish. In a sample of 381 parents, we evaluated outcomes such as parents’ knowledge about the topics covered in the reports, intent to adopt, and adoption of research-based parenting behaviors. Compared to a control group, we find that parents exposed to the 1–1.5-minute Positive Parenting TV news segments report higher knowledge about research-based parenting topics, are more likely to report intention to adopt the behaviors featured in the segments, and implement more behaviors that follow the featured advice, one week and one month after watching the segments. Prior State of Knowledge. Public education campaigns, specifically public health education campaigns, have found success in modifying mass population opinions and behaviors, but rarely focus on child development topics. Novel Contributions. This study is the first experimental evaluation to examine the effectiveness of communicating research-based parenting strategies to parents through videos displayed in local TV news segments, on parents’ knowledge, intent to adopt, and adoption of behaviors. Practical Implications. News producers and policymakers need to address global challenges and promote positive child outcomes, and television news can be an effective medium to provide important information to parents – the most important adults in children’s lives
Expanded characterization of in vitro polarized M0, M1, and M2 human monocyte-derived macrophages: Bioenergetic and secreted mediator profiles
Creators: name: Jaspers I.
name: Moran T.
name: Rebuli M.E.
name: Cobos-Uribe C.
name: Hickman E.
name: Immormino R.
name: Alexis N.E.
name: Smyth T.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: Respiratory macrophage subpopulations exhibit unique phenotypes depending on their location within the respiratory tract, posing a challenge to in vitro macrophage model systems. Soluble mediator secretion, surface marker expression, gene signatures, and phagocytosis are among the characteristics that are typically independently measured to phenotype these cells. Bioenergetics is emerging as a key central regulator of macrophage function and phenotype but is often not included in the characterization of human monocyte-derived macrophage (hMDM) models. The objective of this study was to expand the phenotype characterization of naïve hMDMs, and their M1 and M2 subsets by measuring cellular bioenergetic outcomes and including an expanded cytokine profile. Known markers of M0, M1 and M2 phenotypes were also measured and integrated into the phenotype characterization. Peripheral blood monocytes from healthy volunteers were differentiated into hMDM and polarized with either IFN-γ + LPS (M1) or IL-4 (M2). As expected, our M0, M1, and M2 hMDMs exhibited cell surface marker, phagocytosis, and gene expression profiles indicative of their different phenotypes. M2 hMDMs however were uniquely characterized and different from M1 hMDMs by being preferentially dependent on oxidativte phosphorylation for their ATP generation and by secreting a distinct cluster of soluble mediators (MCP4, MDC, and TARC). In contrast, M1 hMDMs secreted prototypic pro-inflammatory cytokines (MCP1, eotaxin, eotaxin-3, IL12p70, IL-1α, IL15, TNF-β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL12p40, IL-13, and IL-2), but demonstrated a relatively constitutively heightened bioenergetic state, and relied on glycolysis for ATP generation. These data are similar to the bioenergetic profiles we previously observed in vivo in sputum (M1) and BAL (M2)-derived macrophages in healthy volunteers, supporting the notion that polarized hMDMs can provide an acceptable in vitro model to study specific human respiratory macrophage subtypes.
Semisimple Lie groups satisfy property RD, a short proof
Creators: name: Boyer, Adrien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a short elementary proof of the fact that connected semisimple real Lie groups satisfy property RD. The proof is based on a process of linearization.
Constraining the Higgs curvature coupling from vacuum decay during inflation
Creators: name: Mantziris, Andreas
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: According to the current experimental data, the Higgs vacuum appears to be metastable due to the development of a second, lower ground state in its potential. Consequently, this leads to a non-zero rate of vacuum decay through nucleation of bubbles of true vacuum with catastrophic consequences for our false vacuum Universe. Since such an event would render our Universe incompatible with measurements, there cannot have been any such bubble nucleation events anywhere in our whole past lightcone. Thus, we are motivated to study possible stabilising mechanisms in the early universe, focusing on the period of cosmological inflation. We consider a minimal scenario of the Standard Model of particle physics together with single-field, high-scale inflation, while accounting for the time-dependence of the Hubble rate, both in the geometry of our past light-cone and in the Higgs effective potential. The latter is approximated with three- loop renormalization group improvement supplemented with one-loop curvature corrections in de Sitter. We study three one-parameter inflationary models in field theory, quadratic, quartic, and Starobinsky-like power law inflation, and the modified gravity scenario $R + R^2$, that leads to the observationally favoured model of Starobinsky inflation. We show that the survival of the vacuum state through inflation places lower bounds on the non-minimal Higgs curvature coupling ξ, the last unknown parameter of the Standard Model. The bounds are significantly stronger in Starobinsky inflation than in field theory models with no Higgs-inflaton coupling, $\xi \gtrsim 0.1 > 0.06$ , but are independent of the duration of inflation. However, they are sensitive to the details of the dynamics at the end of inflation, and therefore they can be improved with a more detailed study of that period.
Applying a family stress model to understand U.S. families’ patterns of stress, media use, and child behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Reich, Stephanie M.
name: Liu, Yujia
name: Tulagan, Nestor
name: Martin, Esmeralda
name: Dahlin, Melissa
name: Cabrera, Natasha
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Computational Biology

description: The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly altered family life, and research among adults and families has found increases financial stress, mental health problems, screen time, parental conflict, and child behavior problems. Given these patterns, we sought to replicate these findings with a younger and largely non-white sample. Using the Family Stress Model, we consider how these constructs might relate to each other during the pandemic. From surveys of 247 predominately Latine mothers and fathers of children under 4 years of age in the U.S., we found that financial strain was related to children’s media exposure and use, largely through impacts on parents’ mental health and coparenting relationship. Interestingly, only use of television in the background and during mealtimes were associated with increases in parents’ perception of increases in children’s behavior problems. Such findings better capture how stress may operate in a family system and offer a way to counsel parents about healthier media habits for young children. Prior State of Knowledge: The COVID-19 pandemic increased families’ feelings of financial and emotional strain as well as screen time, though most research is with affluent families and those with older children. Novel Contributions: Among economically and ethnically diverse families with young children, we find relationships between financial strain, parental mental health, coparenting relationship quality, and parenting around media. Of children’s media use, only background TV is associated with increases in behavior problems. Practical Implications: The findings underscore the importance of supporting parents through pandemic-related stressors and consideration of how passive media viewing might relate to problematic behaviors for young children.
Associations of 5-year changes in alcoholic beverage intake with 5-year changes in waist circumference and BMI in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study
Creators: name: Poti J.M.
name: Butler J.L.
name: Popkin B.M.
name: Gordon-Larsen P.
name: Jacobs D.R., Jr.
name: Shikany J.M.
name: Steffen L.M.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: Objective This study aimed to shed light on contradictory associations of alcohol intake with waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) by examining 5-yr changes in alcohol intake in relation to 5-yr WC and BMI changes. Methods This prospective study included 4,355 participants (1,974 men and 2,381 women) enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study at baseline (1985–1986) and followed over 25 years (2010–2011). Longitudinal random effects linear regression models were used to test whether changes in drinking (defined categorically) as starting to drink, increasing, decreasing, stable drinking or stopping drinking (versus stable non-drinking) over a series of 5-yr periods were associated with corresponding 5-yr WC and BMI changes. Associations with 5-yr changes (defined categorically as starting, stable or stopping) in drinking level (i.e., light/moderate and excessive) and 5-yr changes (defined categorically as increasing, no change, or decreasing) by beverage type (i.e., beer, wine and liquor/mixed drinks) were also examined. Results In men, compared to stable non-drinking, decreasing total alcohol intake was associated with lower 5-yr WC (β:-0.62 cm; 95% CI: -1.09, -0.14 cm) and BMI gains (β:-0.20 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.30, -0.03 kg/m2) and stopping excessive drinking was associated with lower 5-yr WC gains (β:-0.77 cm; 95% CI: -1.51, -0.03 cm). In women, compared to those with stable non-drinking habits, starting light/moderate drinking was associated with lower 5-yr WC (β: -0.78 cm; 95% CI: -1.29, -0.26 cm) and BMI gains (β:-0.42 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.64, -0.20 kg/ m2). Increasing wine intake was associated with a lower 5-yr BMI gain (β:-0.27 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.51, -0.03 kg/m2). Decreasing liquor/mixed drink (β:-0.33 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.56, -0.09 kg/m2) intake was associated with lower 5-yr WC (β:-0.88 cm; 95% CI: -1.43, -0.34 cm) and BMI (β:-0.33 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.56, -0.09 kg/m2) gains. Conclusions Associations of alcohol intake with obesity measures are complex. In women, wine and liquor/mixed drink intakes had contrasting associations with WC and BMI change. In men, decreasing weekly alcoholic beverage intake with an emphasis on stopping excessive consumption may be beneficial in managing WC and BMI gains.
DeFIX: Detecting and Fixing Failure Scenarios with Reinforcement Learning in Imitation Learning Based Autonomous Driving
Creators: name: Dagdanov, Resul
name: Eksen, Feyza
name: Durmus, Halil
name: Yurdakul, Ferhat
name: Ure, Nazim Kemal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Safely navigating through an urban environment without violating any traffic rules is a crucial performance target for reliable autonomous driving. In this paper, we present a Reinforcement Learning (RL) based methodology to DEtect and FIX (DeFIX) failures of an Imitation Learning (IL) agent by extracting infraction spots and re-constructing mini-scenarios on these infraction areas to train an RL agent for fixing the shortcomings of the IL approach. DeFIX is a continuous learning framework, where extraction of failure scenarios and training of RL agents are executed in an infinite loop. After each new policy is trained and added to the library of policies, a policy classifier method effectively decides on which policy to activate at each step during the evaluation. It is demonstrated that even with only one RL agent trained on failure scenario of an IL agent, DeFIX method is either competitive or does outperform state-of-the-art IL and RL based autonomous urban driving benchmarks. We trained and validated our approach on the most challenging map (Town05) of CARLA simulator which involves complex, realistic, and adversarial driving scenarios. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/data-and-decision-lab/DeFIX
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, published in IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), October 12, 2022, Macau, China
Finite-dimensional representations of difference operators, and the identification of remarkable matrices
Creators: name: Calogero, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two square matrices of (arbitrary) order N are introduced. They are defined in terms of N arbitrary numbers z_{n}, and of an arbitrary additional parameter (a respectively q), and provide finite-dimensional representations of the two operators acting on a function f(z) as follows: [f(z+a)-f(z)]/a respectively [f(qz)-f(z)]/[(q-1)z]. These representations are exact---in a sense explained in the paper---when the function f(z) is a polynomial in z of degree less than N. This formalism allows to transform difference equations valid in the space of polynomials of degree less than N into corresponding matrix-vector equations. As an application of this technique several remarkable square matrices of order N are identified, which feature explicitly N arbitrary numbers z_{n}, or the N zeros of polynomials belonging to the Askey and q-Askey schemes. Several of these findings have a Diophantine character.
description: 29 pages
Non-equilibrium statistical mechanics of a two-temperature Ising ring with conserved dynamics
Creators: name: Borchers, Nicholas
name: Pleimling, Michel
name: Zia, R. K. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The statistical mechanics of a one-dimensional Ising model in thermal equilibrium is well-established, textbook material. Yet, when driven far from equilibrium by coupling two sectors to two baths at different temperatures, it exhibits remarkable phenomena, including an unexpected 'freezing by heating.' These phenomena are explored through systematic numerical simulations. Our study reveals complicated relaxation processes as well as a crossover between two very different steady-state regimes.
description: 31 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in the Physical Review E
Promoting research-based parenting strategies through U.S. local television news: an experimental evaluation of the Positive Parenting Newsfeed project
Creators: name: Piña, Gabriel
name: Torres, Alicia
name: Griffith, Isabel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Research finds that parents’ knowledge and practices exert significant influence on the developmental outcomes of children and youth. Formal parenting programs that improve parenting knowledge and practices can positively impact children’s development and behavior; however, these programs tend to be limited in terms of their scope and size of the populations they serve. We conducted an experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of the Positive Parenting Newsfeed project – a wide-reaching parenting initiative that features rigorous research-based strategies and recommendations for parents through monthly TV news reports in English and Spanish. In a sample of 381 parents, we evaluated outcomes such as parents’ knowledge about the topics covered in the reports, intent to adopt, and adoption of research-based parenting behaviors. Compared to a control group, we find that parents exposed to the 1–1.5-minute Positive Parenting TV news segments report higher knowledge about research-based parenting topics, are more likely to report intention to adopt the behaviors featured in the segments, and implement more behaviors that follow the featured advice, one week and one month after watching the segments. Prior State of Knowledge. Public education campaigns, specifically public health education campaigns, have found success in modifying mass population opinions and behaviors, but rarely focus on child development topics. Novel Contributions. This study is the first experimental evaluation to examine the effectiveness of communicating research-based parenting strategies to parents through videos displayed in local TV news segments, on parents’ knowledge, intent to adopt, and adoption of behaviors. Practical Implications. News producers and policymakers need to address global challenges and promote positive child outcomes, and television news can be an effective medium to provide important information to parents – the most important adults in children’s lives
Probing the quantum vacuum with ultra intense laser pulses
Creators: name: Hegelich, B. Manuel
name: Mourou, Gerard
name: Rafelski, Johann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article presents: 1) The theoretical background of strong field physics and vacuum structure and stability; 2) The instrumental developments in the area of pulse lasers and considers the physics case for ultra intense laser facilities; and 3) Discussion of the applied and fundamental uses of ultra-intense lasers.
description: Contribution in Special Topics issue for IZEST, 12 pages incl 1 figure. Contains extended citation list compared to published version
Additional file 1 of Meningioma animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Andersen, Mikkel Schou
name: Kofoed, Mikkel Seremet
name: Paludan-Müller, Asger Sand
name: Pedersen, Christian Bonde
name: Mathiesen, Tiit
name: Mawrin, Christian
name: Wirenfeldt, Martin
name: Kristensen, Bjarne Winther
name: Olsen, Birgitte Brinkmann
name: Halle, Bo
name: Poulsen, Frantz Rom
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: The PRISMA checklist.
Spin Correlations in Quantum Wires
Creators: name: Sun, Chen
name: Pokrovsky, Valery L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider theoretically spin correlations in an 1D quantum wire with Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction (RDI). The correlations of non-interacting electrons display electron-spin resonance at a frequency proportional to the RDI coupling. Interacting electrons on varying the direction of external magnetic field transit from the state of Luttinger liquid (LL) to the spin density wave (SDW) state. We show that the two-time total spin correlations of these states are significantly different. In the LL the projection of total spin to the direction of the RDI induced field is conserved and the corresponding correlator is equal to zero. The correlators of two components perpendicular to the RDI field display a sharp ESR driven by RDI induced intrinsic field. In contrast, in the SDW state the longitudinal projection of spin dominates, whereas the transverse components are suppressed. This prediction indicates a simple way for experimental diagnostic of the SDW in a quantum wire.
description: 19 pages, 1 figure
Fidelity susceptibility made simple: A unified quantum Monte Carlo approach
Creators: name: Wang, Lei
name: Liu, Ye-Hua
name: Imriška, Jakub
name: Ma, Ping Nang
name: Troyer, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fidelity susceptibility is a general purpose probe of phase transitions. With its origin in quantum information and in the differential geometry perspective of quantum states, the fidelity susceptibility can indicate the presence of a phase transition without prior knowledge of the local order parameter, as well as reveal the universal properties of a critical point. The wide applicability of the fidelity susceptibility to quantum many-body systems is, however, hindered by the limited computational tools to evaluate it. We present a generic, efficient, and elegant approach to compute the fidelity susceptibility of correlated fermions, bosons, and quantum spin systems in a broad range of quantum Monte Carlo methods. It can be applied both to the ground-state and non-zero temperature cases. The Monte Carlo estimator has a simple yet universal form, which can be efficiently evaluated in simulations. We demonstrate the power of this approach with applications to the Bose-Hubbard model, the spin-$1/2$ XXZ model, and use it to examine the hypothetical intermediate spin-liquid phase in the Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice.
description: new physical insight added in Sec. VI., improved data in Fig. 6
Design for human connectivity - an exploration through contemporary work Situations
Creators: name: Mandeno, Peter
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: This thesis presents a body of work that begins the formalisation and growth of Design for Human Connectivity (DfHC) as a distinct field of design research and practice. The research is contextualised within contemporary work situations – characterised by unfamiliarity of people and context – where the importance of a person’s connections to others is matched by the challenges faced in establishing those connections. A central proposition of this work is that a shift in research is required, away from the current predominant focus on HC outcomes (i.e., the value people derive from their connections in the form of opportunities and benefits), to better supporting people in successfully navigating the HC process. Design research and practice can play a critical role in bringing about this shift. Doing so, however, requires creating a consistent structure for DfHC to aid the scoping of HC challenges and the evaluation of HC outputs, and to support more creative and collaborative HC research, design, and practice. It requires supporting designers and practitioners with the requisite tools to guide both generative and evaluative DfHC activities. Addressing these needs is achieved by first developing a new HC process framework – the Connector’s Journey – comprising five distinct phases that specify a person’s objectives and requirements throughout the process. The introduction and interrogation of the generally overlooked first phase – Finding – grounds the journey, introduces unique tactics that may be adopted for achieving this phase, and highlights the critical links between phases. Thereafter a series of studies help deepen our understanding of the individual, social, and contextual factors that can influence the HC process. Together, this work grounds and aids the development and application of a new tool – a set of 19 design prompts – that support DfHC. Successful application and evaluation of the tool in three real-world cases confirms its usefulness and usability and provides confidence regarding its generalisability. The foundation is laid for an exciting programme of DfHC research and practice to follow.