cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Slurred Speech: How the NLRB Tolerates Racism
Creators: name: LeRoy, Michael H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Labor unions--Recognition
Hate speech
White nationalism
Labor unions--Elections
Racism--Political aspects

description: Racist speech in union representation elections is widespread and conflicts with the protections of Title VII for diverse employees across different industries. These messages contain slurs, promote white supremacy, and incite fears of
legal favoritism for Blacks. Some besmirch Jews, Latinos, Japanese, and Mormons. The rise of white nationalism motivates my empirical study of racist speech in union representation elections. My database consists of fifty-one National Labor Relations Board cases and twenty-nine appellate court rulings on racially divisive campaign speech. In addition, the Article examines NLRB cases involving picketing employees who voice racial slurs to minority workers who cross their line. The fact findings show that the NLRB tolerates almost all slurs and incitements. The Board’s permissive policy conflicts with Title VII’s standard for racial harassment under Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc. This Article suggests that in cases where racist speech is an issue, the NLRB should use Title VII’s standard for a hostile work environment. Without making this policy change, the National Labor Relations Act opens the door for white nationalists to promote racial preference and re-segregation in the workplace.
title: Instrumental Reasons to Reason Non-Instrumentally: Complexity, Rational Choice, and Habermas's Two-Track Model of Democracy
Creators: name: Kemle, Andrew Jonathan
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Deliberative Democracy
subject: Rational Choice Theory
subject: Game Theory
subject: Complexity
subject: Habermas
subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Jürgen Habermas is one of the most cited defenders of deliberative democracy in the modern era, but even he sharply limits the power of democratic deliberation to create and enforce political rules. Instead, that role is given to an administrative political system that operates autonomously from the lifeworld and its main site of deliberative democracy, the public sphere. In this thesis, I argue that this limitation on the power of deliberative democracy is unfounded. The strongest case Habermas can make about the necessity of a separate administrative system turns on his argument that communicative rationality is fundamentally distinct from instrumental rationality. From there, he must argue that the political system is the only track that can use instrumental rationality to cut through the complexity of the lifeworld and create efficacious political rules. However, a game theoretic model where agents attempt to solve a collective action problem in a complex, uncertain environment (a “Common Pool Resource Constituency Game”) shows us that an instrumentally rational utility-maximizer will behave largely the same as if they were exercising communicative rationality. The mechanism underlying this shift is that the only means by which actors can learn enough about other players and their environment is by orienting themselves towards communicative rationality, even if they enter a game with only strategic motivations. Thus, because the supposedly different forms of rationality blur into one another in complex environments, Habermasian liberals do not have a fundamental reason for arguing that the public sphere is powerless to create and enforce its own rules. Analytically, we should then expect public spheres to be generating their rules more frequently as complexity increases. Normatively, it means that we should refrain from using the complexity of modern society to impose political institutions on individuals from above, as this is likely to crowd-out the problem-solving capacity of deliberative democracy. The work of sociologist Fuyuki Kurasawa provides us with a theoretical and empirical framework of how social movements can generate their own rules, and exercise political power, without the use of formal political institutions. The thesis concludes with additional practical and theoretical considerations.
title: In-Situ Hydrogel based Device Application for Donor Sites in Skin Grafting Surgery
Creators: name: Liu, Daichen
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Hydrogel
subject: Device Application
subject: Skin Grafting Surgery
subject: Medicine and Surgery
subject: Chemistry--Polymer

description: Skin grafting is a recent technological advancement in surgical procedures, involving the replacement of skin from healthy areas and providing coverage for wound regions. Grafting is primarily employed for various wound indications, such as deep burns, skin cancer, trauma, or reconstructive surgeries. In these scenarios, doctors need to harvest healthy skin from the patient. The freshly harvested skin requires immediate medical attention, often leaving the donor site unattended for a period. Considering the above, we aim to design a hydrogel application device that directly substitutes the dermatome blade guard. This device is intended to apply wound-healing hydrogel evenly to the donor site wound while the surgery. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and 3D printing, we developed a functional prototype. Our research first focuses on a hydrogel composed of 0.5% TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) mixed with 2% sodium alginate. This hydrogel is designed to cover the wound, protect it, absorb exudates and blood, and maintain a moist environment, which is essential for healing. The hydrogel has a tensile strength of 228 kPa and a compressive strength of 449 kPa after cross-linking, providing substantial protection. It also exhibits a swelling capacity of approximately 1000%, ensuring a moist environment and efficient absorption of wound exudates. Recognizing the need for antimicrobial properties, we incorporated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the hydrogel by attaching them to TOBC through ion exchange and thermal reduction reactions, creating TOBC-AgNp. Although this modification slightly reduced the hydrogel's tensile strength to 85 kPa and compressive strength to 240 kPa, it endowed the hydrogel with significant antimicrobial efficiency, providing 99.0% and 90.1% efficacy against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in 12hr, respectively, effectively reducing the risk of wound infection. The synergistic interaction between advanced hydrogel formulations and precision application devices represents a significant advancement in surgical wound management. This research focuses on improving operational efficiency, enhancing patient care, and reducing infection risks. The device's ability to provide immediate and uniform hydrogel application not only aids in faster and more effective healing of the donor site but also enhances patient comfort and reduces postoperative complications.
The Supreme Court’s Last 30 Years of Federal Indian Law: Looking for Equilibrium or Supremacy?
Creators: name: Skibine, Alexander Tallchief
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Indians of North America
Indians of North America--Legal status, laws, etc.
Democracy
Federal government
Sovereignty

description: For 187 years, Indian nations status in the United States has not been fully developed or consistently approached within the law. They are viewed as Domestic Dependent Nations located within the geographical boundaries of the United States. Although Chief Justice John Marshall acknowledged that Indian nations had a certain amount of sovereignty, the exact extent of such sovereignty as well as the place of tribes within the federal system has remained ill-defined. This Article examines what has been the role of the Supreme Court in integrating Indian nations as the third Sovereign within our federalist system. The Article accomplishes this task by examining the Court’s Indian law record in the last 30 years. The comprehensive survey of Indian law decisions indicates that while the tribal win-loss record at the Supreme Court is improving, the Court has had difficulties upholding the federal policy of respecting tribal sovereignty and encouraging tribal self-government.

After categorizing the cases between victories and losses, the Article divides the cases into categories for analytical purposes. The Second half of the Article focuses on the interaction between the Court and Congress concerning the incorporation of tribes as the third sovereign within the federalist system, and ends by arguing that through its disproportionate use of federal common law in its Indian law decisions, the Court has not attempted to reach a consensus with Congress about the place of Indian nations within our federalism.
Libinia smithi Miers 1885
Creators: name: Froglia, Carlo
name: Clark, Paul F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Epialtidae
Libinia
Libinia smithi

description: Libinia smithi Miers 1885: 591.
 Libinia smithii Miers 1886: 73, pl. IX, fig. 1.
 Remarks. Miers (1885) originally used smithi as the epithet but later emended it to smithii (Miers 1886: 73). According to Article 33.4 (ICZN 1999) it is an incorrect subsequent spelling, but as this later spelling has been consistently used since, it can be retained under the rule for prevailing usage (Article 33.3.1, ICZN 1999). Rathbun (1925: 226) assigned L. smithii to Libidoclaea H. Milne Edwards & Lucas, 1842.
 Valid as Libidoclaea smithii (Miers, 1885).
description: Published as part of Froglia, Carlo & Clark, Paul F., 2011, The forgotten Narrative of H. M. S. Challenger and the implications for decapod nomenclature, pp. 45-56 in Zootaxa 2788 on page 53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200635
The origin of circumstellar features in the spectra of hot DA white dwarfs
Creators: name: Dickinson, N. J.
name: Barstow, M. A.
name: Welsh, B. Y.
name: Burleigh, M.
name: Farihi, J.
name: Redfield, S.
name: Unglaub, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analysed a sample of 23 hot DAs to better understand the source of the circumstellar features reported in previous work. Unambiguous detections of circumstellar material are again made at eight stars. The velocities of the circumstellar material at three of the white dwarfs are coincident with the radial velocities of ISM along the sight line to the stars, suggesting that the objects may be ionising the ISM in their locality. In three further cases, the circumstellar velocities are close to the ISM velocities, indicating that these objects are either ionising the ISM, or evaporated planetesimals/material in a circumstellar disc. The circumstellar velocity at WD 1614-084 lies far from the ISM velocities, indicating either the ionisation of an undetected ISM component or circumstellar material. The material seen at WD 0232+035 can be attributed to the photoionisation of material lost from its M dwarf companion. The measured column densities of the circumstellar material lie within the ionised ISM column density ranges predicted to exist in hot DA Stromgren spheres.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Broadening Diversity on the Bench: Voting Behavior and Panel Effects on the United States Courts of Appeals
Creators: name: Hu, Diane
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Judicial ethics
subject: Judges
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Judicial process

description: This Note seeks to determine the extent to which personal characteristics of judges—namely gender, race, and prior prosecutorial experience—affect individual judicial votes and panel decisions on the United States Courts of Appeals. Although these characteristics do not have a significant effect on the way an individual judge votes, this Note finds that the presence of one of these characteristics on a three-judge panel can influence how the other two judges vote, affecting the overall outcome. The presence of at least one female or black judge on a panel increases the likelihood of a more liberal decision across all cases. However, this effect disappears in cases that are specifically related to gender or race issues, such as employment discrimination cases. The presence of a prior prosecutor on a panel in criminal cases decreases the likelihood of a more liberal ruling (in favor of the defendant). These results shed light on the dynamics of panel decision making, and allow us to critically examine the federal judicial appointment process and the pursuit of judicial diversity.
Optimizing the vertical alignment under earthwork block removal constraints in road construction
Creators: name: Rahman, Md. Faisal
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: The road design problem is usually split into the horizontal alignment, the vertical alignment, and the earthwork scheduling problems. Optimizing the vertical alignment assumes a predetermined horizontal alignment and changes the height of the road at different points to minimize overall construction costs, while maintaining the design requirements. The problem gets complicated because of the natural blocks like rivers, mountains, etc., in the road construction area. Existing vertical alignment models deal with the blocks before the beginning of road construction, which sometimes results in a non-optimal solution. A substantial portion of the total construction cost comes from the earthwork operations. As a result, some existing models only find the optimal earthwork schedule for a predetermined vertical alignment. This research extends a recent mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model that considers blocks when optimizing earthwork operations. We propose a novel model of vertical alignment that considers blocks. In the model, we propose a novel way of incorporating side-slopes of the road to improve the accuracy of the model. Our numerical results show a considerable improvement in the accuracy of the model without introducing significant computational burden. Finally, we propose another novel model using concepts from the network flow algorithms that gives more that 75% speedup for 87% of the problems for our test set of 280 problems.
Limbodessus yarrabubbaensis Watts & Humphreys 2009
Creators: name: Michat, Mariano C.
name: Alarie, Yves
name: Watts, Chris H. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Dytiscidae
Limbodessus
Limbodessus yarrabubbaensis

description: Limbodessus yarrabubbaensis Watts & Humphreys, 2009 (Figs 238 –251) Source of material. One specimen of instar I was used for the description (Table 1). The larva was collected in association with adults at the following locality: Australia, Murchison palaeovalley, Yarrabubba South calcrete, MEB site 72, BES 13100, 27.0668S, 118.6795E, 21–X–2005, coll. W. F. Humphreys and R. Leys. Diagnosis. No diagnosis is provided owing to a lack of specimens of instars II and III. Instar I (Figs 238 –251). Head (Figs 238–246). Cephalic capsule not strongly elongate (HL/HW less than 1.55); seta PA3 inserted far from setae PA1 and PA2; A3 2.20–2.75 times longer than A1; A3 more than 2.25 times longer than A2; MP2 less than 1.45 times longer than MP1; MP2 more than 3.30 times longer than MP3; LP2 less than 1.30 times longer than LP1. Legs (Figs 247–248). L3 less than 2.85 times longer than HW. Abdomen (Figs 249–251). U 3.60–3.70 times longer than LAS; U less than 2.35 times longer than HW; U1 more than 1.45 times longer than U2. Chaetotaxy. Frontoclypeus with 14 lamellae clypeales; additional setae on U absent. Measurements and ratios that characterize the body shape are shown in Table 4. Instar II. Not available. Instar III. Not available.
description: Published as part of Michat, Mariano C., Alarie, Yves & Watts, Chris H. S., 2012, 3584, pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3584 (1) on page 91, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3584.1.1
description: {"references": ["Watts, C. H. S. & Humphreys, W. F. (2009) Fourteen new Dytiscidae (Coleoptera) of the genera Limbodessus Guignot, Paroster Sharp, and Exocelina Broun from underground waters in Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 133, 62 - 107."]}
Eurypodius longirostris Miers 1885
Creators: name: Froglia, Carlo
name: Clark, Paul F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Inachidae
Eurypodius
Eurypodius longirostris

description: Eurypodius longirostris Miers 1885: 591; 1886: 23, pl. V, fig. 1.
 Valid as Eurypodius longirostris Miers, 1885.
description: Published as part of Froglia, Carlo & Clark, Paul F., 2011, The forgotten Narrative of H. M. S. Challenger and the implications for decapod nomenclature, pp. 45-56 in Zootaxa 2788 on page 53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200635
Modification of turbulent transport with continuous variation of flow shear in the Large Plasma Device
Creators: name: Schaffner, D. A.
name: Carter, T. A.
name: Rossi, G. D.
name: Guice, D. S.
name: Maggs, J. E.
name: Vincena, S.
name: Friedman, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Continuous control over azimuthal flow and shear in the edge of the Large Plasma Device (LAPD) has been achieved using a biasable limiter which has allowed a careful study of the effect of flow shear on pressure-gradient-driven turbulence and transport in LAPD. LAPD rotates spontaneously in the ion diamagnetic direction (IDD); positive limiter bias first reduces, then minimizes (producing a near-zero shear state), and finally reverses the flow into the electron diamagnetic direction (EDD). Degradation of particle confinement is observed in the minimum shearing state and reduction in turbulent particle flux is observed with increasing shearing in both flow directions. Near-complete suppression of turbulent particle flux is observed for shearing rates comparable to the turbulent autocorrelation rate measured in the minimum shear state. Turbulent flux suppression is dominated by amplitude reduction in low-frequency ($<10$kHz) density fluctuations. An increase in fluctuations for the highest shearing states is observed with the emergence of a coherent mode which does not lead to net particle transport. The variations of density fluctuations are fit well with power-laws and compare favorably to simple models of shear suppression of transport.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures; Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
title: Strontium Isotope Stratigraphy: Case Studies of Upper Carboniferous and Lower Permian Successions from Southeast Utah and Northeast Nevada
Creators: name: Bratton, Luke Mitchell
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Isotope Stratigraphy
subject: Strontium
subject: Conodonts
subject: Permian
subject: Carboniferous
subject: Utah
subject: Nevada
subject: SIS
subject: McArthur curve
subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geology

description: Strontium Isotope Stratigraphy (SIS) is a valuable tool in correlating sedimentary sequences. Whole rock, conodonts and brachiopods can be studied. Here, conodonts and some whole rock samples were analyzed. Samples were dissolved, and strontium isotope compositions were analyzed using a thermal ionization mass spectrometer. The Early Permian interval exhibits a well-known 87Sr/86Sr secular trend, herein called the McArthur curve, that could provide well-constrained correlations in combination with detailed biostratigraphy. Three Upper Carboniferous to Lower Permian sites were studied, including Valley of the Gods in SE Utah, Carlin Canyon in north-central Nevada and the Rockland section in northeast Nevada. Results for the lower Cutler beds of SE Utah showed all four limestone units within an otherwise red-bed succession tested as latest Carboniferous, and the CPB was interpolated to occur just below the Cedar Mesa Sandstone. In Carlin Canyon, base-Artinskian conodont samples from the Buckskin Mountain Formation showed lower 87Sr/86Sr ratios than whole rock samples. However, all samples were more radiogenic than the expected base-Artinskian value. Rockland samples from the Pequop Formation were considerably more radiogenic than the expected values for the base-Kungurian, in contrast to results from Sakmarian to lower Artinskian strata in the same section, which generally yielded expected values. The variability in SIS results from these three studies necessitated an in-depth review of the McArthur curve. It was found that most North American data had higher 87Sr/86Sr values when compared with published data from Russia and China. This discrepancy was particularly apparent in data from mid-Artinskian to latest Kungurian. Potential reasons for this discrepancy include diagenetic overprint, basin isolation, and reduced mixing caused by the closure of the Uralian Seaway and the Artinskian Warming Event. More studies are needed in order to understand the cause fully. A new LOESS curve was developed to represent the combination of data from this study with previous published data. It was then proposed that two LOESS curves, one for North American data and one for Chinese and Russian data, best represented the regional differences in strontium isotopic signatures. Overall, this study highlights that Lower Permian 87Sr/86Sr values show significant variability, necessitating cautious application.
title: Identifying EEG Spectral Markers of Mental Time Travel and Theory of Mind
Creators: name: Ain, Yudhajit
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Internal Attention
subject: Mental Time Travel
subject: Theory of Mind
subject: Electroencephalography
subject: Time-Frequency Analysis
subject: Psychology--Cognitive
subject: Psychology--Experimental
subject: Neuroscience

description: The default mode network (DMN) is an intrinsic brain network broadly implicated in internal attention – the process of selecting and modulating internally generated information. Several functional neuroimaging studies suggest that the DMN can be further partitioned into specialized subsystems that mediate different internal attention functions, namely mental time travel (MTT) and theory of mind (ToM). To our knowledge, however, no studies have explored their specific/contrasting electroencephalographic (EEG) spectral markers. In the present study, we identified the scalp EEG spectral markers specific to MTT and ToM. We recorded scalp EEG from N = 26 participants, while they performed an experimental task designed to engage cognitive processes associated with MTT, ToM, or simple Math (internally-oriented control condition), on a trial-by-trial basis. After subjecting the trial-wise EEG data to time-frequency decomposition, we contrasted all three trial types, pairwise, using cluster-based permutation tests. We found that MTT was associated with significantly lower bilateral posterior parietal beta (20-26 Hz) activity compared to Math, and that ToM, was associated with significantly greater right temporo-parietal beta (20-30 Hz) activity compared to MTT. Our results suggest that different patterns of beta band activity may play distinct mechanistic roles in supporting internal attention processes specific to MTT and ToM.
AGN obscuration through dusty infrared dominated flows. II. Multidimensional, radiation-hydrodynamics modeling
Creators: name: Dorodnitsyn, A.
name: Kallman, T.
name: Bisnovatyi-Kogan, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore a detailed model in which the active galactic nucleus (AGN) obscuration results from the extinction of AGN radiation in a global flow driven by the pressure of infrared radiation on dust grains. We assume that external illumination by UV and soft X-rays of the dusty gas located at approximately 1pc away from the supermassive black hole is followed by a conversion of such radiation into IR. Using 2.5D, time-dependent radiation hydrodynamics simulations in a flux-limited diffusion approximation we find that the external illumination can support a geometrically thick obscuration via outflows driven by infrared radiation pressure in AGN with luminosities greater than $0.05\, L_{\rm edd}$ and Compton optical depth, $τ_{\rm T}\gtrsim 1$.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures, version accepted to ApJ
title: The Feasibility and Usability of a Novel Tool for Learning and Reviewing Walking Aid Skills: A Multi-Method Study
Creators: name: O'Brien, Maureen Megan
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: feasibility study
subject: mobile applications
subject: canes
subject: crutches
subject: walkers
subject: gait
subject: balance
subject: mobility limitation
subject: usability
subject: Rehabilitation and Therapy

description: Background: Walking aids are used by over 1 million Canadians to facilitate independent mobility and enhance balance. However, inadequate training on the use of walking aids may increase the risk of upper body pain and falling. To address this need, a novel interactive video-based mobile application to teach safe walking aid use was developed. Objectives: 1) To assess the feasibility of a trial with the novel application. 2) To explore the preliminary impact of the novel application on balance confidence, balance, mobility, and endurance. 3) To determine whether the novel application is user-friendly and useful for walking aid users. Methods: In a single-arm, pre-post feasibility study design, adult walking aid users completed the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC), the 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT), Timed up and Go (TUG) test, and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) at baseline. Participants then used the novel application’s fitting and gait training modules pertaining to their walking aid. A follow-up visit was scheduled 2 weeks later to reinforce app instructions and repeat the ABC, 2MWT, TUG, and BBS. At this time participants also completed the System Usability Scale (SUS), and a semi-structured interview on their app experience. Results: Thirteen walking aid users (mean±SD age 55±15 years; duration of walking aid use 2.7±4.0 years; 7 males) participated. Trial feasibility metrics were attained on 3 out of the 6 indicators. Participants achieved statistically significant small to medium improvements in balance confidence and balance. However, participants did not experience significant improvements in mobility or endurance. The mean±SD SUS score was 88.3±10.5 corresponding to high usability of the novel application. Three major themes emerged from the interviews: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and motivation for app use. Conclusion: Based on our criteria, a trial with the novel application may be feasible, with some modifications. Preliminary improvements in clinically relevant outcomes including balance confidence and balance were found. Walking aid users found the app to be an easy-to-use platform for learning and maintaining walking aid skills. These findings will help inform a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of the application on clinical outcomes.
Existence of Heavy Fermions in the Antiferromagnetic Phase of CeIn3
Creators: name: Iizuka, Takuya
name: Mizuno, Takafumi
name: Min, Byeong Hun
name: Kwon, Yong-Seung
name: Kimura, Shin-ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the pressure-dependent optical conductivity spectra of a heavy fermion (HF) compound CeIn3 below the Neel temperature of 10 K to investigate the existence of the HF state in the antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase. The peak due to the interband transition in the hybridization gap between the conduction band and nearly localized 4f states (c-f hybridization) appears at the photon energy of about 20 meV not only in the HF regime but also in the AFM regime. Both the energy and intensity of the c-f hybridization peak continuously increase with the application of pressure from the AFM to the HF regime. This result suggests that the c-f hybridization, as well as the heavy fermions, exists even in the AFM phase of CeIn3.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
title: Who let the DAG's out? A genome wide survey in yeast identifies a novel putative lipase related to diacylglycerol dynamics
Creators: name: Henderson, Andrew
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Lipid Metabolism
subject: Yeast Genetics
subject: Lipidomics
subject: Functional Genomics
subject: Protein Characterization
subject: Biochemistry

description: Diacylglycerol (DAG) was the first lipid second messenger to be discovered in the canonical activation pathway of protein kinase C (PKC). The informational outcomes of DAG seem to be intimately connected with its spatial distribution within the cell necessitating methods to track its different cellular pools. We have previously developed a fluorescent DAG probe based on the C1 domain of PKCδ to monitor cytoplasmic facing pools of DAG in budding yeast using fluorescence live microscopy. Two pools of DAG were identified in both the vacuole and at sites of polarized growth. To better understand how DAG distribution is regulated, a genome-wide, high-throughput imaging screen surveying single knockout and hypomorphic yeast collections expressing the DAG probe was conducted. From the ⁓6,000 strains imaged, we have identified a discrete group of mutant strains where DAG localized predominantly to the plasma membrane. The most extreme phenotype in this category was observed in a mutant producing a truncated version of an uncharacterized putative lipase. It was determined that the abnormal DAG phenotype depended on both the activity of the enzyme and its carboxy-end, as these were both requisites for reversion of the phenotype. Lipidomic analysis revealed that ablation of this lipase increases cellular levels of Lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC). Addition of a non-metabolizable LysoPC analogue reproduced the mutant DAG phenotype suggesting a causal relationship between LysoPC levels and DAG. This study aims to tackle one of the ~700 functionally uncharacterized genes in S. cerevisiae while also setting the groundwork for understanding DAG dynamics and regulation.
Two-channel pseudogap Kondo and Anderson models: Quantum phase transitions and non-Fermi liquids
Creators: name: Schneider, Imke
name: Fritz, Lars
name: Anders, Frithjof B.
name: Benlagra, Adel
name: Vojta, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the two-channel Kondo problem with a pseudogap density of states, $ρ(\w)\propto|\w|^r$, of the bath fermions. Combining both analytical and numerical renormalization group techniques, we characterize the impurity phases and quantum phase transitions of the relevant Kondo and Anderson models. The line of stable points, corresponding to the overscreened non-Fermi liquid behavior of the metallic $r=0$ case, is replaced by a stable particle-hole symmetric intermediate-coupling fixed point for $0\rmax$, this non-Fermi liquid phase disappears, and instead a critical fixed point with an emergent spin--channel symmetry appears, controlling the quantum phase transition between two phases with stable spin and channel moments, respectively. We propose low-energy field theories to describe the quantum phase transitions, all being formulated in fermionic variables. We employ epsilon expansion techniques to calculate critical properties near the critical dimensions $r=0$ and $r=1$, the latter being potentially relevant for two-channel Kondo impurities in neutral graphene. We find the analytical results to be in excellent agreement with those obtained from applying Wilson's numerical renormalization group technique.
description: Added references
“Anything Goes”: Regulating the Conduct of Money-Bundling Broadway Co-Producers
Creators: name: Manella, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Theater
Theatrical producers and directors
United States. Securities and Exchange Commission
Coproduction (Motion pictures, television, etc.)

description: This Note will analyze industry concerns relating to the practice of granting above-the-title producer credit to individuals solely for contributing or bundling a share of a production’s capitalization, specifically by asking whether money-bundling Broadway co-producers are acting as unregistered broker-dealers in violation of applicable Security Exchange Commission (“SEC”) registration requirements.  In Section I of this Note, I provide a history of Broadway producing models, so as to understand how today’s dominant model developed.  In Section II, I unpack that model by describing the structure of theatrical investment vehicles and identifying the different types of Broadway producers.  In Sections III and IV, I outline the applicable provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), and in Section V, I apply the SEC’s four-factor “broker-dealer” test to the conduct of money-bundling Broadway co-producers, thereby isolating industry practices that might trigger registration requirements.  Finally, in Sections VI through VII, I identify the potential consequences of using unregistered brokers and develop a list of recommendations that production companies can follow to avoid violating SEC registration requirements.
Large, negative threshold contributions to light soft masses in models with Effective Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Tamarit, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Threshold contributions to light scalar soft masses due to heavy sparticles (possibly including a heavy Higgs mostly aligned with H_d) in Effective SUSY scenarios are dominated by two-loop diagrams involving gauge couplings. This is due to the fact that in the limit in which the heavy states are degenerate, their one-loop contributions to the light soft masses only depend on small Yukawas and the hypercharge coupling. The two-loop threshold corrections involving only gauge couplings are calculated accounting for nonzero gaugino and light squark masses and shown to be negative, and rather large (δm^2_{t,L}\sim-480^2 GeV^2 for heavy sparticles with masses around 10 TeV). The effect on tachyon bounds is revisited with calculations implementing decoupling. It is pointed out that models yielding Effective SUSY spectra using gaugino mediation require in general very heavy gluinos or a very low SUSY breaking scale in order to avoid tachyons (e.g. for heavy squarks at 10 TeV and a SUSY breaking scale of 125 TeV, minimal scenarios require \tilde m_3 >=2 TeV at 500 GeV, while nonminimal ones demand \tilde m_3 >= 8 TeV).
description: 13 pages, 6 figures. Version 2: Included diagrams and results for subdominant contributions involving hypercharge traces, comments and references added. Version 3. PRD version, calculations completed including the effect of gaugino masses
2+1 dimensional hydrodynamics including bulk viscosity: a systematics study
Creators: name: Roy, Victor
name: Chaudhuri, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the effect of nonzero bulk viscosity with peak near the lattice QCD predicted crossover temperature $T_{co}\sim 175 MeV$ on charged particle transverse momentum spectra and elliptic flow. The Israel-Stewart theory of 2nd order causal dissipative relativistic fluid dynamics is used to simulate the space time evolution of the matter formed in Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV assuming longitudinal boost invariance. A systematic comparison of temperature, transverse velocity, spatial and momentum anisotropy evolution of the ideal, bulk and shear viscous fluid has been carried out. Two different temperature dependent forms of $ζ/s$ and a constant $η/s$ was used. Both the bulk and shear viscous correction to the ideal freezeout distribution function are included. The dissipative correction to the freezeout distribution for bulk viscosity was calculated using Grad's fourteen moment method. From our simulation we show that the method is applicable only for $ζ/s < 0.005\timesη/s|_{KSS}$ for freezeout temperatures 130 and 160 MeV.
description: 14pages, 26 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C
Socioeconomic and Racial Disparities in Public Special Education: Alleviating Decades of Unequal Enforcement of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act in New York City
Creators: name: Gumas, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Education--Economic aspects
Special education
Public schools
Children with disabilities--Education
Discrimination in education
Education and state

description: After a long history of neglecting children with special needs, Congress enacted the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) to grant every child with a qualifying disability the right to a free and appropriate public education. To ensure local compliance, the IDEA created a private right of action through which parents may sue their school district for failing to offer an adequate education for their child. If successful, these parents, may then send their child to a private school at the expense of their local government. Private enforcement of the IDEA has helped equalize educational opportunities for wealthy children whose parents can afford to commit to the financial, emotional, and physical costs of suing the government, but children of less affluent families who cannot afford to make similar commitments are often left behind when a school district fails to adhere to the IDEA’s mandate. As a result, large special educational disparities exist in segregated school districts between wealthy, predominantly white families and less affluent, predominantly non-white families.

State and local governments have mostly limited their efforts to fully achieve the IDEA’s goal by implementing voucher programs, which allow only a handful of low-incomechildren to enjoy the educational opportunities afforded to their wealthier peers. Under Mayor Bill De Blasio, New York City took a different approach and began settling most IDEA claims to effectively lower the procedural barrier for parents. Much like vouchers, however, De Blasio’s policy fails to address the underlying issue: The IDEA’s reliance on private enforcement will continue to fail those who historically have been deliberately excluded from the full social and economic benefits of white citizenship. State and local governments must go beyond tinkering with the accessibility of the private enforcement mechanism and instead invest financial resources to equalize educational opportunity through public enforcement of the IDEA. This Note assesses potential state and local policy reforms to secure expanded special education opportunity and discusses how New York City can begin to effectively lead in IDEA public enforcement.
title: Frechet Localization of Commutative Algebras
Creators: name: Ahmed, Saleh
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Frechet Localization
subject: Weighted Gauss Semi-norm
subject: Affinoid Algebras
subject: Semi-norms on Localizations of Affinoid Algerbas
subject: Microlocalization
subject: Education--Mathematics

description: Let k be a complete non-Archimedean field with non-trivial norm. In this thesis, we aim to lay the groundwork for studying Frechet completions-completion with respect to all submultiplicative semi-norms-of localizations of normed commutative k-algebras by inves-tigating the possible semi-norms on these localizations. We focus on a particular family of semi-norms known as the weighted Gauss semi-norms. Notably, every semi-norm on the localization that extends the base norm is bounded above by a weighted Gauss semi-norm that also extends the base norm and realizes its associated weight. Consequently, the study of Frechet completions on localizations can be effectively pursued by focusing on this dominating class of weighted Gauss semi-norms, which is the primary goal of this work.
title: A review of the literature from 2015-2024 on the readability of children's books
title: The Readability of Children's Books
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Heger-Dorantes, Daniela
name: Dressler, Roswita
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2024

description: Purpose: This literature review provides an overview of articles that discuss key factors that make a children’s book readable, emphasizing written and non-written elements in children’s books that contribute to early reading abilities. Methods: We conducted a search of scholarly literature articles from 2015-2024. The search was conducted in English. The literature review contains a wide variety of articles found based on key searches, including “just right”, “text complexity”, “second language”, “readability, and “textual features”. We addressed the question: What factors contribute to the readability of children’s books? Results: We found 28 relevant articles based on the themes (1) reader external factors, (2) reader internal factors, (3) text complexity, and (4) literary elements and visual supports. The articles were peer-reviewed and research-based. The findings revealed that the readability of children’s books is based primarily on reader external factors, reader internal factors, text complexity, and literary elements and visual supports. Implications: The literature review highlighted the importance of using a variety of children's books tailored to diverse needs, emphasizing the integration of early literacy practices during classroom instruction. It is crucial to select appropriate books based on the child’s needs, interests, and prior knowledge for the reader to scaffold knowledge and engage them in reading. In addition, implementing strategies like reading to children, including discussing non-written elements in children’s books is essential for improving future literacy abilities.
title: Development of Dynamic Indicators of Resilience in Wild Rodent (Peromyscus maniculatus)
Creators: name: Casper, Erin
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Wildlife Health
subject: Stress
subject: Deer Mouse
subject: Resilience
subject: Animal Physiology
subject: Veterinary Science

description: One of the primary reasons for global species decline is environmental disturbance which pose multiple stressors on wildlife populations. However, understanding the complex effects of multiple stressors has been difficult to assess. Resilience, or the ability of a system to cope with disturbance, may pose as a framework to assess the effects of multiple stressors on individuals. To develop a method to measure the resilience of individuals, physiological and immunological markers downstream of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis were assessed for use as dynamic indicators of resilience (DIORs) in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). Candidate markers were assessed for the presence of a dynamic response to acute stress, and if that dynamic response changed under the influence of chronic stressors, indicating a change in individual resilience. To complete these objectives, a standardized sampling method was optimized, and markers were assessed for the presence of a consistent dynamic response profile and intraindividual repeatability. This refined the methodology that was needed to test candidate markers for use as DIORs. Next, we investigated how this response changed for each marker after animals had experienced different types and numbers of chronic stressors. We observed that effects of different types of stressors were not additive, and that the interaction between different types of stressors may be antagonistic. To determine if these markers could be used as DIORs, individual changes to their response and recovery slopes were compared after stress treatments to assess if these metrics could indicate change in individual resilience. We did not observe a decrease in recovery rate in any marker after treatment. We attributed this to the stress treatments not achieving the intensity or duration of stress needed to induce modulation of the HPA-axis. Due to this, it was difficult to make conclusions on the markers tested regarding their use as DIORs. However, this project highlighted key issues within the study design, that if corrected, would allow for a proper assessment of their application. While conclusions about these markers as DIORs could not be made, this study has laid important groundwork in developing testing protocols for biomarkers that may be used as DIORs for free-ranging wildlife populations.
title: Stochastic Modelling of Wind Derivatives with Application to the Alberta Energy Market
Creators: name: Warunasinghe Arachchige, Sudeesha Nawodh
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: wind derivatives
subject: quanto options
subject: energy markets
subject: stochastic modeling for wind energy
subject: variance gamma process
subject: normal inverse Gaussian process
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Economics--Finance
subject: Statistics

description: Wind-power generators around the world face two risks, one due to changes in wind intensity impacting energy production, and the second due to changes in electricity retail prices. To hedge these risks simultaneously, the quanto option is an ideal financial tool. The natural logarithm of electricity prices of the study will be modelled with a variance gamma (VG) and normal inverse Gaussian (NIG) processes, while wind speed and power series will be modelled with an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) process. Since the risk from changing wind-power production and spot prices is highly correlated, we must model this correlation as well. This is reproduced by replacing the small jumps of the Lévy process with a Brownian component and correlating it with wind power and speed OU processes. Then, we will study the income of the wind-energy company from a stochastic point of view, and finally, we will price the quanto option of European put style for the wind-energy producer. We will compare quanto option prices obtained from the VG process and NIG process. The novelty brought into this study is the use of a new dataset in a new geographic location and a new Lévy process, VG, apart from NIG.