Anthriscus lamprocarpa subsp. chelikii Tekin & Civelek 2016, subsp. nov.
Creators: name: Tekin, Mehmet
name: Civelek, Şemsettin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Apiales
Apiaceae
Anthriscus
Anthriscus lamprocarpa
Anthriscus lamprocarpa boiss. subsp. chelikii tekin &amp; civelek

description: Anthriscus lamprocarpa Boiss. subsp. chelikii Tekin & Civelek, subsp. nov.   
 Diagnosis:— The new subspecies differs from A. lamprocarpa subsp. lamprocarpa in having dimorphic ornamentations of fruit surface, either invariably tuberculate without bristles (Fig. 2B) or invariably tuberculate with bristles (Fig. 2C), both of them slightly shining or pale, [smooth, glabrous and lacquered in the nominal subspecies (Fig. 2A)]; basal leaves up to 29 cm (not up to 20 cm); stem leaves 2–3-pinnate (not 2-pinnate); bracteole number (4–)5–6 (not 5); filament length 1.5–1.8 mm [not (1–) 1.2 mm]; style length (1.4–)1.7(–2) mm, [not (1.1–)1.24(–1.5) mm]; fruit size 7–10 × 2–3 mm (not 5.4–8 × 3–4 mm).   
 Type:— TURKEY. C 4 Mersin: Mut to Ermenek, 38. km, Adras Mountain, 1158 m, 36°34’50.3”N, 33°13’07.3”E, with flowers and fruits, 25 May 2011, M. Tekin 1092 (holotype CUFH!) (Fig. 1).   
 Other studied materials (paratypes): — C6 Osmaniye: Düziçi district, Düziçi upland road, 1265 m, 37°16’06.2”N, 36°30’51.4”E, with flowers, 30 April 2011 M.Tekin 1072 (CUFH!); ibid., with fruits, 26 June 2011, M. Tekin 1116 (CUFH!) (Fig. 1).   
 Description:— Biennial herbs. Stem up to 180 cm high, glabrous or densely covered with simple hairs at base, and slightly corrugated. Basal leaves 2–3-pinnate, triangular in outline with petiole (19–)25.7(–36) cm long and blade up to 29 cm long; primary segments 8–10, their lobes ovate, serrate-crenate at the margin, apex mucronate; petiole glabrous or covered with simple hairs. Stem leaves 2–3-pinnate, triangular in outline, with petioles (1.5–)6.1(–13) cm long and blades up to 18 cm long; primary segments 6–8, their lobes ovate, serrate–crenate at the margin, apex mucronate. Bracts absent or rarely solitary, 5–6 mm long. Bracteoles (4 –)5 – 6, (1.9 –)3.5(– 7) mm long, elliptic to elliptic-obovate, margin ciliate, apex acute - acuminate; bracteole length/width ratio (1.2 –)2.4(– 3.3), the longest bracteole (1.1 –)1.5(– 2.5) times longer than the shortest bracteole in the same involucel. Flowers white, petals obovate, marginal petals (2.4 –)2.9(– 3.3) mm long; marginal petal length/width ratio (1.1 –)1.5(– 1.8), and marginal petal length/ inner petal length ratio (1.6 –)1.9(– 2.3). Petal apex emarginate, elongated, curved to lower side. Filaments 1.5–1.8 mm long, anthers 0.3 – 0.5 mm long. Peduncles (15 –)22 – 32(– 44) mm long, glabrous. Umbel rays (17 –)29(– 45) mm long, glabrous, the longest ray (1.2 –) 1.4(– 1.9) times as long as the shortest ray in the same umbel. Primary umbels with 3 – 6 rays, with 1 – 5(– 9) fruits per umbellet. Secondary umbels with 7 – 11 rays, 0–6 fruits per umbellet. Tertiary umbels with 7 – 10 rays, 0–3(– 5) fruits per umbellet. Fruits 7 – 10 × 2 – 3 mm, ovate, greenish brown to black, pale glabrous to bristly. Beak (0.2 –)0.5(– 0.65) mm long, the ratio of fruit length to beak length (6 –)14(– 22). Styles (1.4 –)1.7(– 2) mm long, divergent, styles (2.1 –)2.3(– 2.8) times as long as the stylopodia. Pedicels (5 –)7.5(– 12) mm long, glabrous, the longest pedicel (1.1–)1.4(– 2) times as long as the shortest in the same umbellet. Fruiting pedicels not thickened. The number of bristles at the pedicel apex and fruit base, 5 – 25 per fruit (Table 1; Fig. 3; Fig. 4).   
 Ecology: — Anthriscus lamprocarpa subsp. chelikii grows at 1000–1300 m elevation, in mountain slopes with Quercus and Juniperus, under Mediterranean climate. The new taxon was found in two localities, occupying a small area less than 300 km 2. In Turkey, both subspecies of A. lamprocarpa occur in distinct areas and relatively different climatic conditions. On the one hand, A. lamprocarpa subsp. lamprocarpa inhabits drier areas in Quercus populations, whereas A. lamprocarpa subsp. chelikii grows at more humid foothills, in or around Quercus or Juniperus communities. Known populations of both subspecies in Turkey are shown in Fig. 1.   
 Flowering and fruiting period: — April–June.   
 Epomyny: — The epithet chelikii honours the retired Turkish botanist Prof. Dr. Necati Çelik (born 1943).   
 Conservation status:— Anthriscus lamprocarpa subsp. chelikii is only known from two localities in the East Mediterranean, in Mersin and Osmaniye provinces, southern Turkey (Fig. 1), where two discrete populations were observed in 2010–2013. In both localities, a strong anthropogenic impact exists, such as intensive grazing pressure due to livestock activities (in Mersin province, the type locality), and deforestation activities due to proximity to residential areas (in Osmaniye province). These factors might cause a reduction in the number of individuals or even a local extinction of the populations in the next future. On the basis of the IUCN Red List categories and criteria (IUCN 2014), due to the small population size (less than 250 mature individuals in each population) and an inferred decline of the populations, it is here suggested to consider the new subspecies in the Endangered threat category, as EN C2(a)i. Additional effort is to be undertaken to find new populations in the neighbouring territories of southern Turkey with similar ecological and biogeographical characteristics. In the meantime, conservation actions (including storage in seed banks and cultivation in botanical gardens) should be urgently implemented to avoid extinction of this new Turkish endemic plant.
description: Published as part of Tekin, Mehmet & Civelek, Şemsettin, 2016, Anthriscus lamprocarpa subsp. chelikii (Apiaceae), a new subspecies from southern Turkey, pp. 275-284 in Phytotaxa 253 (4) on pages 277-280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.253.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/13675338