Scaphoideus
Creators: name: Viraktamath, C. A.
name: Mohan, G. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Scaphoideus

description: Key to species of Scaphoideus of the Indian subcontinent
(S. consanguineus Distant and S. rathani Ghosh are not included in the key; see text for explanation.)
1 Vertex of head with an almost solid unbroken transverse black fascia across eyes (Fig. 53, Distant 1918) ................................................................................ baeticus (Distant)
­ Coloration of vertex variable but not as above, if the transverse fascia is black, it is broken into a number of connected longitudinal spindle­shaped stripes (Fig. 1) ......... 2
2 Vertex with a series of four to six longitudinal spindle­shaped brown stripes (Fig.1).. 3
­ Markings on vertex not as above .................................................................................. 4
3 Hind margin of female seventh sternum sinuate with a concave median area (Fig. 197); vertex of head with elongate spindle­shaped stripes; male with apophysis of style exceeding subgenital plate (Fig. 194); aedeagus with an apical and a subapical pair of long processes (Fig. 195) (India: Sikkim) ......................... stigmaticus Distant
­ Hind margin of female seventh sternum concave with a median notched lobe (Fig. 9); vertex with short spindle­shaped stripes (Fig. 1); apophysis of style not exceeding subgenital plate; aedeagus with a pair of apical short processes (Fig. 7, 8) (India: Assam, Sikkim, West Bengal) ...................................................................... assamensis Distant
4 Male subgenital plate deeply bilobed (Fig. 56) or with a notch on mesal margin before apex (Fig. 82); apophysis of style slender, about half as long as total length or longer 5
­ Male subgenital plate not bilobed or with a notch on mesal margin before apex; apophysis of style stout, usually less than half as long as its length ................................. 7
5 Male subgenital plate deeply bilobed (Fig. 56); paraphyses separate from base, symmetrical, of equal length; aedeagus not S­shaped (Figs 62) ........................................ 6
­ Subgenital plate with a notch on mesal margin before apex (Fig. 82); paraphysis slen­ der, fused for proximal 0.75 length then separated, unequal in length (Fig. 85); aedeagus S­shaped (Fig. 86) (India: Karnataka) ........................................ inequalis sp. nov.
6 Male pygophore with a ventral process (Fig. 63); face ochraceous with dark brown bands or markings (India: Kerala, Tamil Nadu; Sri Lanka) ..... S. elegantulus Melichar
­ Male pygophore without a ventral process (Fig. 99); face chocolate brown (India: Karnataka)................................................................................................... jogensis sp. nov.
7 Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum with a median longitudinal yellowish or whitish broad stripe extending on­to folded front wings, overlain on it with one or two narrower orange or red longitudinal stripes (Figs 28, 88) ................................................ 8
­ Vertex with a transverse band between eyes sometimes indistinct, red, orange, black or brown; no longitudinal stripe extending from head to front wings (Figs 10, 64, 151, 176); pronotum either with two transverse red or brown bands or with a series of 5–7 longitudinal short stripes ........................................................................................... 11
8 Paraphyses fused at their proximal 0.66 (Fig. 93); large stout species measuring over 6.00 mm in length (India: Tamil Nadu) ............................................. insignis (Distant)
­ Paraphyses separate for most of their length; aedeagal process when present apical; smaller species not exceeding 4.50 mm ....................................................................... 9
9 Aedeagal shaft with a pair of short processes at midlength (Figs 36, 37); paraphyses diverging right from proximal end, more or less of uniform width in their proximal 0.8 length then tapered, dorsal margin of male pygophore bilobed (Fig. 34) (India: Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal)............................................................................ bifidus sp. nov.
­ Aedeagal shaft with apical processes; paraphyses either not divergent (Fig.108) or divergent beyond basal 0.5 length, uneven in width (Fig. 113); dorsal margin of male pygophore entire......................................................................................................... 10
10 Paraphyses closely oppressed over their entire length (Fig. 108); female seventh sternum straight, with a median concavity (India: Himachal Pradesh) ............................... ........................................................................................ katraini Rao & Ramakrishnan
­ Paraphyses divergent in their distal half (Fig. 113); hind margin of female seventh sternum broadly produced medially (Fig. 116) (India: Karnataka, Kerala) .... kirti sp. nov.
11 Paraphyses with spicules (Figs 174, 182) ……………………..……………………. 12
­ Paraphyses smooth, without spicules ………………………….…………………… 13
12 Aedeagal shaft with a pair of basal processes extending entire length of shaft (Fig.183, 184) (India: Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu) ....................................... sculptus sp. nov.
­ Aedeagal shaft without basal processes but dorsal apodeme with a hooked process (Fig. 187) (Sri Lanka) ...................................................................... sculptellus sp. nov.
13 Vertex with an apical round black spot; transverse band across eyes black and dark brown (Fig. 151); aedeagus slender, tubular, strongly curved with well­developed dorsal apodeme (Fig. 157) (India: Mizoram, West Bengal; Myanmar) ........ russus Distant
­ Vertex without round black apical spot, transverse band across eyes brown, red or orange (Figs 64, 160); aedeagus short and stout (Fig. 72,136) ................................... 14
14 Paraphyses forming a “horse­shoe” (Fig. 134); pronotum and scutellum with longitudinal brown stripes ..................................................................................................... 15
­ Paraphyses elongate, may be twisted at apex but not horse­shoe shaped, pronotum with transverse stripes some times indistict ............................................................... 16
15 Paraphyses bluntly pointed at apex (Fig. 134) (India: Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal; Sri Lanka; Thailand) ........................................................... morosus Melichar
­ Paraphyses sharply pointed at apex (India, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines) ................. ................................................................................... harlani Kitbamroong and Freytag
16 Subgenital plate with numerous long hairlike setae, their length as long as or longer than subgenital plate (Fig. 67); paraphyses fused at their basal half (Fig. 69) (India: West Bengal) ....................................................................................... hirsutus sp. nov.
­ Subgenital plate with shorter, fewer hairlike setae, their length 0.2 to 0.1 as long as subgenital plate; paraphyses not as above .................................................................. 17
17 Male pygophore with proximal spinelike process on dorsal margin (Fig.176) ......... 18
­ Male pygophore without a proximal spinelike process on dorsal margin .................. 20
18. Male pygophore with dorsal spine strongly curved meso­ventrally (Pakistan) .............. ....................................................................... karachiensis Ahmed, Murthaza & Malik
­ Male pygophore with dorsal spine straight, directed caudally.................................... 19
19. Male pygophore with dorsal spine short, not more than 0.2 as long as pygophore lobe, caudo­ventral angle angularly produced (Fig.164); paraphyses divergent caudally (Fig167); aedeagal shaft shorter and stouter, of uniform width in lateral aspect for its
0.75 length (Fig. 168) (India: Karnataka, Maharashtra) ................................................ ............................................................................... sabourensis Rao and Ramakrishnan ­ Male pygophore with dorsal spine long, more than 0.5 as long as pygophore lobe, caudo­ventral angle produced ventrally into a spine (Fig. 218); paraphyses convergent caudally (Fig. 223); aedeagal shaft longer, gradually narrowed distally (Fig. 224) (India: Meghalaya, West Bengal) ............................................................ zhangi sp. nov.
20. Head, thorax and proximal 0.33 of fore wings chocolate brown contrasted with ochraceous rest of body; paraphyses slender, needlelike (Figs 24, 210) ............................ 21
­ Coloration of head, thorax and abdomen not as above; paraphyses stout, not needle like ..................................................................................................................................... 22
21. Aedeagus rather S­shaped, shaft without processes (Figs 211, 212) (Myanmar: Bhamo) .................................................................................................................. varna sp. nov.
­ Aedeagus not S­shaped, shaft with a pair of apical processes (Figs 25, 26) (India: Karnataka) ........................................................................................... bicoloratus sp. nov.
22. Aedeagal shaft with shorter or longer processes (Figs 149, 215, 216) ...................... 23
­ Aedeagal shaft without processes, may be keeled ..................................................... 27
23. Paraphyses parallel to each other, acutely pointed at apex; at 0.33 from apex expanded into a small triangular area (Fig.151); aedeagus with apical pair of spinelike processes (Figs 149, 150) (Sri Lanka) .............................................................. ornatus Melichar
­ Paraphyses not as above, aedeagus either with two or four processes........................ 24
24. Aedeagal shaft with a pair of apical and a subapical pair of processes (Figs 215, 216); paraphyses strongly sinuate (Fig. 214) (Myanmar: Bhamo) ................ vaticus sp. nov.
­ Aedeagal shaft with subapical pair of processes (Figs 19, 79, 205); paraphyses not strongly sinuate (Figs16, 77, 202) ............................................................................. 25
25. Paraphyses strongly divergent beyond basal 0.33 (Fig. 77); aedeagal shaft with a pair of strong dorsal keel, each with a recurved process (Fig. 79) (India: Tamil Nadu) ....... ........................................................................................ illustris Rao and Emiliyamma
­ Paraphyses either convergent or strongly asymmetrically curved (Fig. 16, 202); aedeagus without keels ....................................................................................................... 26
26. Aedeagal shaft in caudal view appearing trilobed (Fig. 205); paraphyses symmetrical, each shaft of even width except near apex (Fig. 202) (Myanmar: Kambaiti) ................ ........................................................................................................... trilobatus sp. nov.
­ Aedeagal shaft with a pair of lateral process at midlength (Fig.19); paraphyses strongly asymmetrical (Fig. 16) (India: Karnataka) ................... asymmetricus sp. nov.
27. Paraphyses widely separated at base, each shaft slightly to strongly twisted at apical 0.25–0.33 (Fig 43, 50) ............................................................................................... 28
­ Paraphyses close together at base, not twisted (Figs 121, 127, 189) ......................... 29
28. Aedeagal shaft slender in lateral aspect, constricted at midlength in caudal aspect (Figs 44, 45); each shaft of paraphyses strongly twisted at apical 0.25 (Fig. 43) (India: Meghalaya) ............................................................................................. coloratus Rao
­ Aedeagal shaft stout in lateral aspect, gradually narrowed distally in caudal aspect (Figs 52, 53); each shaft of paraphyses slightly twisted at apical 0.33 (Fig. 50) (India: Tamil Nadu) .................................................................. decoratus Rao & Emiliyamma
29. Paraphyses convergent (Fig.121); aedeagal shaft in lateral aspect rather fusiform (Fig. 123) (Myanmar: Nam Tama Valley) ................................................ lamellaris sp. nov.
­ Paraphyses divergent (Figs 127, 189); aedeagal shaft not fusiform in lateral aspect (Figs129, 191) ............................................................................................................ 30
30. Aedeagal shaft of uniform width in lateral aspect (Fig.191); paraphyses straight, not curved in lateral aspect (Fig. 190) (Myanmar: Nam Tama Valley)... spiculatus sp. nov.
­ Aedeagal shaft broadest at base and abruptly narrowed (Figs 129, 130); paraphyses in lateral aspect curved dorsally in distal half (Fig.128) (Myanmar: Kambaiti) ................ .............................................................................................................. malaisei sp. nov.
description: Published as part of Viraktamath, C. A. & Mohan, G. S., 2004, A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent, pp. 1-48 in Zootaxa 578 on pages 5-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102