cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
White-Dwarf Kicks and Implications for Barium Stars
Creators: name: Izzard, Robert G.
name: Dermine, Tyl
name: Church, Ross P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation mechanism of the barium stars is thought to be well understood. Barium-rich material, lost in a stellar wind from a thermally-pulsing asymptotic-giant branch star in a binary system, is accreted by its companion main-sequence star. Now, many millions of years later, the primary is an unseen white dwarf and the secondary has itself evolved into a giant which displays absorption lines of barium in its spectrum and is what we call a barium star. A similar wind-accretion mechanism is also thought to form the low-metallicity CH and carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars. Qualitatively the picture seems clear but quantitatively it is decidedly murky: several key outstanding problems remain which challenge our basic understanding of binary-star physics. Barium stars with orbital periods less than about 4,000 days should -- according to theory -- be in circular orbits because of tidal dissipation, yet they are often observed to be eccentric. Only one barium-star period longer than 10^4 days has been published although such stars are predicted to exist in large numbers. In this paper we attempt to shed light on these problems. First, we consider the impact of kicking the white dwarf at its birth, a notion which is supported by independent evidence from studies of globular clusters. Second, we increase the amount of orbital angular momentum loss during wind mass transfer, which shrinks barium-star binaries to the required period range. We conclude with a discussion of possible physical mechanisms and implications of a kick, such as the break up of wide barium-star binaries and the limits imposed on our models by observations.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Property of downstream turbulence driven by the special relativistic shock-clump interaction
Creators: name: Morikawa, Kanji
name: Ohira, Yutaka
name: Ohmura, Takumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three-dimensional special relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations are performed to investigate properties of the downstream turbulence generated by the interaction between a relativistic shock wave and multiple clumps. We analyze the properties of the downstream turbulence by performing the Helmholtz decomposition. It is shown that, in contrast to the non-relativistic shock case, the amplitude of compressive modes is comparable to that of solenoidal modes for the relativistic shock. In addition, many reflected shocks propagate in the downstream region. The strength of the compressive mode, the solenoidal mode, the reflected shock waves, and the amplified magnetic field depend on the amplitude of the upstream density fluctuations. Our simulation results suggest that the wide distribution of the ratio of the magnetic energy to the shock kinetic energy, $ε_B$, in gamma-ray burst afterglows is due to the diversity of the gamma-ray burst environment. Furthermore, the inhomogeneity of density around high-energy astrophysical objects affects the spectrum of accelerated particles because the reflected shock and turbulence can inject and accelerate non-thermal particles in the shock downstream region. The probability distribution of the downstream quantities, power spectra of turbulence, and vortex generation are also analyzed and discussed in this work.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures, submitted to MNRAS
The Remarkable Evolutionary Plasticity of Coronaviruses by Mutation and Recombination: Insights for the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Future Evolutionary Paths of SARS-CoV-2.
Creators: name: Amoutzias, Grigorios D
name: Nikolaidis, Marios
name: Tryfonopoulou, Eleni
name: Chlichlia, Katerina
name: Markoulatos, Panayotis
name: Oliver, Stephen
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
evolution
recombination
point mutations
pandemic
vaccines
spike

description: Coronaviruses (CoVs) constitute a large and diverse subfamily of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. They are found in many mammals and birds and have great importance for the health of humans and farm animals. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, as well as many previous epidemics in humans that were of zoonotic origin, highlights the importance of studying the evolution of the entire CoV subfamily in order to understand how novel strains emerge and which molecular processes affect their adaptation, transmissibility, host/tissue tropism, and patho non-homologous genicity. In this review, we focus on studies over the last two years that reveal the impact of point mutations, insertions/deletions, and intratypic/intertypic homologous and non-homologous recombination events on the evolution of CoVs. We discuss whether the next generations of CoV vaccines should be directed against other CoV proteins in addition to or instead of spike. Based on the observed patterns of molecular evolution for the entire subfamily, we discuss five scenarios for the future evolutionary path of SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, within this evolutionary context, we discuss the recently emerged Omicron (B.1.1.529) VoC.
Face Validity of Observed Meal Patterns Reported with 7-Day Diet Diaries in a Large Population-Based Cohort Using Diurnal Variation in Concentration Biomarkers of Dietary Intake.
Creators: name: Lentjes, Marleen AH
name: Oude Griep, Linda
name: Mulligan, Angela
name: Montgomery, Scott
name: Wareham, Nicholas
name: Khaw, Kay-Tee
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: meal pattern
eating pattern
diurnal variation
biomarkers
reporting bias
chrono-nutrition
cohort study

description: In a cross-sectional analysis of a population-based cohort (United Kingdom, N = 21,318, 1993-1998), we studied how associations between meal patterns and non-fasting triglyceride and glucose concentrations were influenced by the hour of day at which the blood sample was collected to ascertain face validity of reported meal patterns, as well as the influence of reporting bias (assessed using formula of energy expenditure) on this association. Meal size (i.e., reported energy content), mealtime and meal frequency were reported using pre-structured 7-day diet diaries. In ANCOVA, sex-specific means of biomarker concentrations were calculated by hour of blood sample collection for quartiles of reported energy intake at breakfast, lunch and dinner (meal size). Significant interactions were observed between breakfast size, sampling time and triglyceride concentrations and between lunch size, sampling time and triglyceride, as well as glucose concentrations. Those skipping breakfast had the lowest triglyceride concentrations in the morning and those skipping lunch had the lowest triglyceride and glucose concentrations in the afternoon, especially among acceptable energy reporters. Eating and drinking occasion frequency was weakly associated with glucose concentrations in women and positively associated with triglyceride concentrations in both sexes; stronger associations were observed for larger vs. smaller meals and among acceptable energy reporters. Associations between meal patterns and concentration biomarkers can be observed when accounting for diurnal variation and underreporting. These findings support the use of 7-day diet diaries for studying associations between meal patterns and health.
HST Observations of the Double-Peaked Emission Lines in the Seyfert Galaxy Markarian 78: Mass Outflows from a Single AGN
Creators: name: Fischer, T. C.
name: Crenshaw, D. M.
name: Kraemer, S. B.
name: Schmitt, H. R.
name: Mushotsky, R. F.
name: Dunn, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous ground based observations of the Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk 78 revealed a double set of emission lines, similar to those seen in several AGN from recent surveys. Are the double lines due to two AGN with different radial velocities in the same galaxy, or are they due to mass outflows from a single AGN?We present a study of the outflowing ionized gas in the resolved narrow-line region (NLR) of Mrk 78 using observations from Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) and Faint Object Camera (FOC) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope(HST) as part of an ongoing project to determine the kinematics and geometries of active galactic nuclei (AGN) outflows. From the spectroscopic information, we deter- mined the fundamental geometry of the outflow via our kinematics modeling program by recreating radial velocities to fit those seen in four different STIS slit positions. We determined that the double emission lines seen in ground-based spectra are due to an asymmetric distribution of outflowing gas in the NLR. By successfully fitting a model for a single AGN to Mrk 78, we show that it is possible to explain double emission lines with radial velocity offsets seen in AGN similar to Mrk 78 without requiring dual supermassive black holes.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures (2 color), accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Non-proportional scintillation response of NaI:Tl to low energy X-ray photons and electrons
Creators: name: Khodyuk, I. V.
name: Rodnyi, P. A.
name: Dorenbos, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-proportional response of the scintillation yield of NaI:Tl was measured using highly monochromatic synchrotron irradiation ranging from 9 to 100 keV. Special attention is paid to the X-ray escape peaks. They provide us additional information about non-proportional response in the range 0.9 to 12 keV. A rapid variation of the non-proportional response curve is observed near the Iodine K-electron binding energy. A dense sampling of data is performed around this energy and that data are used to apply a method, which we call K-dip spectroscopy. This method allows us to derive the electron response curve of NaI:Tl down to energies as low as 30 eV. A comparison of our data with data of others employing different methods is made. Advantages, limitations and peculiarities of presented techniques and methods are discussed.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures
Philosophie als transformative Praxis (PTP). Vom bildenden Potenzial der Philosophie
Creators: name: Thomas, Philipp
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Philosophie , Erziehungsphilosophie , Bildung , Transformation , Persönlichkeitsentwicklung , Philosophieunterricht , Beratung
subject: 100
subject: Philosophy, Education, Transformation, personal development, advice

description: Philosophie an Universitäten ist üblicherweise Philosophie als wissenschaftliche Praxis. Diese folgt dem neuzeitlichen Wissenschaftsideal, d.h. es geht um objektive (nicht subjektive) Erkenntnis, die in einer Scientific Community gewonnen werden kann. Es ist nicht wichtig, welches Subjekt die Erkenntnis hat. Philosophie als wissenschaftliche Praxis adressiert das Subjekt des Denkens. Philosophie als transformative Praxis adressiert das Subjekt von Lebenspraktiken und von Existenz. Hier ist es wichtig, welches Subjekt eine philosophische Erkenntnis hat, weil dieses seine unreduzierbaren Erfahrungen in das Denken einbringt und weil es mit der philosophischen Erkenntnis auch darüber entscheidet, wofür es steht (seine Identität). Im Text werden beide Richtungen noch in anderer Hinsicht verglichen, z.B. hinsichtlich des Bildungsbegriffs oder hinsichtlich typischer Forschungsfragen.
Quantum Mechanical Operator of Time
Creators: name: Prvanovic, Slobodan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The self adjoint operator of time in non-relativistic quantum mechanics is found within the approach where the ordinary Hamiltonian is not taken to be conjugate to time. The operator version of the reexpressed Liouville equation with the total Hamiltonian, consisting of the part that is a conventional function of coordinate and momentum and the part that is conjugate to time, is considered. The von Neumann equation with quantized time is found and discussed from the point of view of exact time measurement.
description: 9 pages
Keynote: Some remarks on top
Creators: name: Bernreuther, Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A few key issues of present and future explorations of the physics of top quarks at the Tevatron and LHC are discussed.
description: Talk given at the 3rd International Workshop on Top Quark Physics, May 31 - June 4, 2010, Bruges, Belgium
Bounds on strong field magneto-transport in three-dimensional composites
Creators: name: Briane, Marc
name: Milton, Graeme W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper deals with bounds satisfied by the effective non-symmetric conductivity of three-dimensional composites in the presence of a strong magnetic field. On the one hand, it is shown that for general composites the antisymmetric part of the effective conductivity cannot be bounded solely in terms of the antisymmetric part of the local conductivity, contrary to the columnar case. So, a suitable rank-two laminate the conductivity of which has a bounded antisymmetric part together with a high-contrast symmetric part, may generate an arbitrarily large antisymmetric part of the effective conductivity. On the other hand, bounds are provided which show that the antisymmetric part of the effective conductivity must go to zero if the upper bound on the antisymmetric part of the local conductivity goes to zero, and the symmetric part of the local conductivity remains bounded below and above. Elementary bounds on the effective moduli are derived assuming the local conductivity and effective conductivity have transverse isotropy in the plane orthogonal to the magnetic field. New Hashin-Shtrikman type bounds for two-phase three-dimensional composites with a non-symmetric conductivity are provided under geometric isotropy of the microstructure. The derivation of the bounds is based on a particular variational principle symmetrizing the problem, and the use of Y-tensors involving the averages of the fields in each phase.
description: 21 pages
CLIMAAX M6 deliverable:CLIMAAX-BeiraBaixa
Creators: name: Santos, João
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This repository contains outputs from Phase 1 of the Climate Risk Assessment for Beira Baixa, developed under the CLIMAAX project. It includes workflow results for wildfires (exposure and hazard assessments), and heatwaves, as well as the initial wildfire hazard training feature dataset.
The supergiant optical counterpart of ULX P13 in NGC7793
Creators: name: Motch, C.
name: Pakull, M. W.
name: Grisé, F.
name: Soria, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have identified the optical counterpart of the ULX source P13 in the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 7793. The object is a V ~ 20.5 mag star, ten times brighter than any other established counterpart of a ULX in nearby galaxies. Medium resolution optical spectroscopy carried out in 2008 and 2009 with the ESO-VLT reveals the presence of narrow high order Balmer, HeI and MgII absorption lines indicating a late B type supergiant companion star with mass between 10 and 20 Msol. Stellar H beta and HeII 4686 emission lines are also seen superposed on the photospheric spectrum. We detect different patterns of radial velocity variations from the emission and absorption lines over a time interval of one month. The velocity of the high order Balmer absorption lines changes by ~ 100 km/s while the H beta and HeI 4686 emission components vary by about the same amount but with a different phasing. Assuming that the observed velocity changes trace the motion of the mass-donor star and of the X-ray source implies a mass of the accreting black hole in the range of 3 to 100 Msol with a most probable value of ~ 10 to 20 Msol. We expect an orbital period in the range of 20 to 40 days based on the low density of the supergiant star. P13 is likely in a short-lived, and thus rare high X-ray luminosity evolutionary state associated with the ascension of the donor star onto the supergiant stage.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in the Astronomische Nachrichten, to appear in the proceedings of the conference "Ultra-Luminous X-ray sources and Middle Weight Black Holes" (Madrid, May 24-26, 2010)
Growth Angle and Melt Meniscus of the RF-heated Floating Zone in Silicon Crystal Growth
Creators: name: Wünscher, Michael
name: Lüdge, Anke
name: Riemann, Helge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article presents a direct measurement of the growth angle during the growth of a cylindrical 2" silicon crystal using a radio-frequency heated floating zone process. From the high-resolution pictures taken during the process, this growth angle was evaluated to be 11°{\pm}2°. Furthermore, the free surface of the melt was modeled using the Laplace-Young equation. This model has to include the electromagnetic pressure calculated by the surface ring currents approximation. The results were compared to the experimental free surface derived from video frames. It could be shown that the calculated free surface will only fit the experimentally determined one if the right growth angle is considered.
Rheo-PTV analysis of complex fluids
Creators: name: Pourzahedi, Ali
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Complex fluids are ubiquitous in the everyday life. Their study enables a better perception of the surrounding environment as it can be used to model a variety of industrial, biological and geophysical applications. This study presents a novel optical capillary rheometer that benefits from the advantages of both capillary rheometry and flow visualization. The experimental setup developed in this research was applied to three different case studies, each highlighting an aspect of the rheological behavior of complex fluids. In the first case study, the slip mechanism of various concentrations of carbopol gel, as a simple yield stress fluid, was systematically investigated with respect to its material properties. Presence of a fully plugged flow and a thin layer of a Newtonian solvent, lubricating the unyielded gel at wall stresses below the yield stress was confirmed. The wall slip behavior of the carbopol gels at wall stresses above the yield stress was studied as well. It was shown that the slip velocities have a power-law correlation with the wall shear stress below the yielding point, and a linear correlation after the yielding point. Furthermore, the sliding threshold below which the gel sticks to the wall, was found to have a linear relationship with its yield stress and the fluidity of its solvent. The start-up flow of laponite as a thixotropic yield stress fluid was examined in the second case study. The time dependent behavior of the fluid was studied in terms of the variations of shear stress at a constant flow rate. Finally, the behavior of synovial fluid at high shear rates was investigated as the third case study. Synovial fluid of the knee joint undergoes extensive range of shear rates during high physical activities. Rheological behavior of synovial fluid was studied at shear rates as high as 7000 s-1, which is seven times greater than the maximum shear rate typically measurable by a rotational rheometer. The method developed in this research enables to further study the complex behavior of fluids that are challenging using the conventional rheometry methods.
Anisotropic superconductivity in the quasi-one-dimensional superconductor V$_2$Ga$_5$
Creators: name: Lamura, G.
name: Tay, D.
name: Khasanov, R.
name: Gentile, P.
name: Xu, C. Q.
name: Ke, X.
name: Onuorah, I. J.
name: Bonfà, P.
name: Xu, Xiaofeng
name: Shiroka, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intermetallic quasi-one-dimensional binary superconductor V$_2$Ga$_5$ was recently found to exhibit a topologically nontrivial normal state, making it a natural candidate for a topological superconductor (TSC). By combining dc-magnetization, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and muon-spin rotation ({$μ$SR) measurements on high-quality V$_2$Ga$_5$ single crystals, we investigate the electronic properties of its normal- and superconducting (SC) ground states. NMR measurements in the normal state indicate a strong anisotropy in both the line shifts and the relaxation rates. Such anisotropy persists also in the superconducting state, as shown by the magnetization- and $μ$SR-spectroscopy results. In the latter case, data collected at different temperatures, pressures, and directions of the magnetic field evidence a fully-gapped, strongly anisotropic superconductivity. At the same time, hydrostatic pressure is shown to only lower the $T_c$ value, but not to change the superfluid density nor its temperature dependence. Lastly, we discuss the search for topological signatures in the normal state of V$_2$Ga$_5$, as well as a peak splitting in the FFT of the $μ$SR spectrum, possibly related to an unconventional vortex lattice. Our results suggest that V$_2$Ga$_5$ is a novel system, whose anisotropy plays a key role in determining its unusual electronic properties.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, including Suppl. Information
Hyperpolarized 13C-Pyruvate Metabolism as a Surrogate for Tumor Grade and Poor Outcome in Renal Cell Carcinoma-A Proof of Principle Study.
Creators: name: Ursprung, Stephan
name: Woitek, Ramona
name: McLean, Mary
name: Priest, Andrew N
name: Crispin-Ortuzar, Mireia
name: Brodie, Cara R
name: Gill, Andrew
name: Gehrung, Marcel
name: Beer, Lucian
name: Riddick, Antony CP
name: Field-Rayner, Johanna
name: Grist, James T
name: Deen, Surrin S
name: Riemer, Frank
name: Kaggie, Joshua
name: Zaccagna, Fulvio
name: Duarte, Joao AG
name: Locke, Matthew J
name: Frary, Amy
name: Aho, Tevita F
name: Armitage, James N
name: Casey, Ruth
name: Mendichovszky, Iosif A
name: Welsh, Sarah
name: Barrett, Tristan
name: Graves, Martin
name: Eisen, Tim
name: Mitchell, Thomas J
name: Warren, Anne
name: Brindle, Kevin
name: Sala, Evis
name: Stewart, Grant
name: Gallagher, Ferdia
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: cancer metabolism
hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance imaging
monocarboxylate transporter
renal cell carcinoma

description: Differentiating aggressive clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) from indolent lesions is challenging using conventional imaging. This work prospectively compared the metabolic imaging phenotype of renal tumors using carbon-13 MRI following injection of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate (HP-13C-MRI) and validated these findings with histopathology. Nine patients with treatment-naïve renal tumors (6 ccRCCs, 1 liposarcoma, 1 pheochromocytoma, 1 oncocytoma) underwent pre-operative HP-13C-MRI and conventional proton (1H) MRI. Multi-regional tissue samples were collected using patient-specific 3D-printed tumor molds for spatial registration between imaging and molecular analysis. The apparent exchange rate constant (kPL) between 13C-pyruvate and 13C-lactate was calculated. Immunohistochemistry for the pyruvate transporter (MCT1) from 44 multi-regional samples, as well as associations between MCT1 expression and outcome in the TCGA-KIRC dataset, were investigated. Increasing kPL in ccRCC was correlated with increasing overall tumor grade (ρ = 0.92, p = 0.009) and MCT1 expression (r = 0.89, p = 0.016), with similar results acquired from the multi-regional analysis. Conventional 1H-MRI parameters did not discriminate tumor grades. The correlation between MCT1 and ccRCC grade was confirmed within a TCGA dataset (p < 0.001), where MCT1 expression was a predictor of overall and disease-free survival. In conclusion, metabolic imaging using HP-13C-MRI differentiates tumor aggressiveness in ccRCC and correlates with the expression of MCT1, a predictor of survival. HP-13C-MRI may non-invasively characterize metabolic phenotypes within renal cancer.
Quantum Simulation of Quantum Field Theory in the Light-Front Formulation
Creators: name: Kreshchuk, Michael
name: Kirby, William M.
name: Goldstein, Gary
name: Beauchemin, Hugo
name: Love, Peter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) describes the structure of hadrons such as the proton at a fundamental level. The precision of calculations in QCD limits the precision of the values of many physical parameters extracted from collider data. For example, uncertainty in the parton distribution function (PDF) is the dominant source of error in the $W$ mass measurement at the LHC. Improving the precision of such measurements is essential in the search for new physics. Quantum simulation offers an efficient way of studying quantum field theories (QFTs) such as QCD non-perturbatively. Previous quantum algorithms for simulating QFTs have qubit requirements that are well beyond the most ambitious experimental proposals for large-scale quantum computers. Can the qubit requirements for such algorithms be brought into range of quantum computation with several thousand logical qubits? We show how this can be achieved by using the light-front formulation of quantum field theory. This work was inspired by the similarity of the light-front formulation to quantum chemistry, first noted by Kenneth Wilson.
description: 58 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Exosome Protein Diversity is Greater in Preterm Milk than Term Milk
Creators: name: Kraft, Jamie
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2019
Subjects: Human milk
Exosomes
Term milk
Preterm milk
Proteomics
Inflammation
Gastrointestinal epithelium

description: Infants born prematurely are a vulnerable population with diverse nutritional needs to battle their increased risk of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Human milk is considered the 'gold standard' of infant nutrition. Human milk not only provides nutrition for newborn growth, but contains bioactive components which contribute to GI maturation, immune protection and neurological development. Among these bioactive components are extracellular vesicles known as exosomes. Exosomes are double-lipid membrane vesicles containing mRNA, microRNA and proteins, secreted by cells as a form of cell-to-cell communication. Human milk exosomes contain immune-related microRNA and proteins that withstand in vitro simulated human digestion, suggesting that signals are being delivered to the cells residing in the GI tract of a newborn. In premature birth, disruption of GI tract maturation predisposes the infant to increased susceptibility of GI inflammatory diseases. To prevent inflammation, immune tolerance in the GI tract of premature infants should be promoted and I hypothesized that exosomes differ between preterm and term milk, and may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of human milk. Human milk exosomes from mothers who gave birth to term or preterm infants were characterized based on size, surface protein markers and total protein. Preterm milk exosomes contained a more diverse protein profile. The effects of milk exosomes on intestinal epithelial cells were observed in an in vitro model using Caco-2/15 cells. Milk exosomes were able to attenuate the inflammatory response induced by heat-killed bacteria as measured by the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
TREX1 variants in Sjogren's syndrome related lymphomagenesis
Creators: name: Nezos Adrianos
name: Makri Panagiota
name: Saviana, Gandolfo
name: Salvatore, De Vita
name: Voulgarelis Michael
name: Crow Mary
name: Mavragani Clio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Sjogren's syndrome; genetics; biomarkers
lymphomagenesis
lymphoma
Interferons

description: Genetic variants of the three-prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) -an exonuclease involved in DNA
 repair and degradation- have been previously found to increase susceptibility to Aicardi Goutieres
 syndrome, familial chilblain lupus and systemic lupus erythematosus. We aimed to explore whether
 TREX1 common variants could influence the risk of primary Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) and SS-related
 lymphoma. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the TREX1 gene (rs11797, rs3135941 and
 the rs3135945) were evaluated in 229 SS, 89 SS-lymphoma (70 SS-MALT and 19 SS non-MALT) and
 240 healthy controls by PCR-based assays. In available 52 peripheral blood and 26 minor salivary gland
 tissues from our SS cohort, mRNA expression of type I interferon (IFN) related genes and TREX1 was
 determined by real-time PCR. Significantly decreased prevalence of rs11797 A minor allele was
 detected in SS patients complicated by non-MALT lymphoma compared to controls (ΟR [95% CI]: 0.4
 [0.2-0.9], p-value: 0.02). SS patients carrying the rs11797 AA genotype had increased type I IFN related
 gene mRNA expression in minor salivary gland tissues. These data support genetically related
 dampened type I IFN production as an additional mechanism for SS-related lymphomagenesis.
Coherent Control of Rydberg States in Silicon
Creators: name: Greenland, P. T.
name: Lynch, S. A.
name: van der Meer, A. F. G.
name: Murdin, B. N.
name: Pidgeon, C. R.
name: Redlich, B.
name: Vinh, N. Q.
name: Aeppli, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate coherent control of donor wavefunctions in phosphorous-doped silicon. Our experiments take advantage of a free electron laser to stimulate and observe photon echoes from, and Rabi oscillations between the ground and first excited state of P donors in Si.
Mean-field solution of the Potts glass near the transition temperature to the ordered phase
Creators: name: Janis, V.
name: Klic, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We expand asymptotically mean-field solutions of the $p<4$ Potts glass with various levels of replica-symmetry breaking below the transition temperature to the glassy phase. We find that the ordered phase is degenerate and solutions with one hierarchy of spin replicas and with the full continuous replica-symmetry breaking coexist for $p> p^{*} \approx 2.82$. The latter emerges immediately with the instability of the replica-symmetric one. Apart from these two solutions there exists also a succession of unstable states converging to the solution with the continuous replica-symmetry breaking that is marginally stable and has the highest free energy.
description: 11 pages, no figures
Some constructions of formally self-adjoint conformally covariant polydifferential operators
Creators: name: Case, Jeffrey S.
name: Lin, Yueh-Ju
name: Yuan, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 53A30, Secondary 58J70

description: We introduce the notion of formally self-adjoint conformally covariant polydifferential operators and give some constructions of families of such operators. In one direction, we show that any homogeneous conformally variational scalar Riemannian invariant (CVI) induces one of these operators. In another direction, we use the ambient metric to give alternative constructions of certain operators produced this way, one of which is a formally self-adjoint, fourth-order, conformally covariant tridifferential operator which should be regarded as the simplest fully nonlinear analogue of the Paneitz operator.
description: Fixed minor typos; final version; 41 pages
Detection of anhydrous hydrochloric acid, HCl, in IRC+10216 with the Herschel SPIRE and PACS spectrometers
Creators: name: Cernicharo, J.
name: Decin, L.
name: Barlow, M. J.
name: Agundez, M.
name: Royer, P.
name: Vandenbussche, B.
name: Wesson, R.
name: Polehampton, E. T.
name: De Beck, E.
name: Blommaert, J. A. D. L.
name: Daniel, F.
name: De Meester, W.
name: Exter, K. M.
name: Feuchtgruber, H.
name: Gear, W. K.
name: Goicoechea, J. R.
name: Gomez, H. L.
name: Groenewegen, M. A. T.
name: Hargrave, P. C.
name: Huygen, R.
name: Imhof, P.
name: Ivison, R. J.
name: Jean, C.
name: Kerschbaum, F.
name: Leeks, S. J.
name: Lim, T. L.
name: Matsuura, M.
name: Olofsson, G.
name: Posch, T.
name: Regibo, S.
name: Savini, G.
name: Sibthorpe, B.
name: Swinyard, B. M.
name: Vandenbussche, B.
name: Waelkens, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the detection of anhydrous hydrochloric acid (hydrogen chlorine, HCl) in the carbon-rich star IRC+10216 using the spectroscopic facilities onboard the Herschel satellite. Lines from J=1-0 up to J=7-6 have been detected. From the observed intensities, we conclude that HCl is produced in the innermost layers of the circumstellar envelope with an abundance relative to H2 of 5x10^-8 and extends until the molecules reach its photodissociation zone. Upper limits to the column densities of AlH, MgH, CaH, CuH, KH, NaH, FeH, and other diatomic hydrides have also been obtained.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics (Herschel special issue)
title: The scholarly program of M. I. Rostovtzeff
Creators: name: Gavrilov, A. K.
Publisher: name: Hyperboreus 27: 1 (2021) 30–36
Year: 2021

description: The author asks: what was the place of philology in the stupendous historical work of M. Rostovtzeff, considering that the great scholar identified his scholarly program with history and/or with the archaeology of the ancient world, leaving philology in their shadow. Such a disposition seems to reflect an ever-growing division and even a gap between those three disciplines as different parts of ancient studies in the 20th century: natural from the point of view of specialized knowledge, it is fatal from the perspective of hermeneutics, where parts and the whole check each other in a very sophisticated way.
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of full-Heusler films in Pt/Co2FeAl/MgO trilayers
Creators: name: Li, Xiaoqi
name: Yin, Shaoqian
name: Liu, Yupeng
name: Zhang, Delin
name: Xu, Xiaoguang
name: Miao, Jun
name: Jiang, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in a Pt/Co2FeAl/MgO sandwiched structure with a thick Co2FeAl layer of 2-2.5 nm. The PMA is thermally stable that the anisotropy energy density Ku is 1.3{\times}106 erg/cm3 for the structure with 2 nm Co2FeAl after annealing at 350 oC. The thicknesses of Co2FeAl and MgO layers greatly affect the PMA. Our results provide an effective way to realize relative thick perpendicularly magnetized Heusler alloy films.
description: 15 pages,6 figures
DELVE-ing into the Jet: A Thin Stellar Stream on a Retrograde Orbit at 30 kpc
Creators: name: Ferguson, PS
name: Shipp, N
name: Drlica-Wagner, A
name: Li, TS
name: Cerny, W
name: Tavangar, K
name: Pace, AB
name: Marshall, JL
name: Riley, AH
name: Adamów, M
name: Carlin, JL
name: Choi, Y
name: Erkal, D
name: James, DJ
name: Koposov, SE
name: Kuropatkin, N
name: Martínez-Vázquez, CE
name: Mau, S
name: Mutlu-Pakdil, B
name: Olsen, KAG
name: Sakowska, JD
name: Stringfellow, GS
name: Yanny, B
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: 310
Galaxies and Cosmology

description: Abstract We perform a detailed photometric and astrometric analysis of stars in the Jet stream using data from the first data release of the DECam Local Volume Exploration Survey DR1 and Gaia EDR3. We discover that the stream extends over ∼ 29° on the sky (increasing the known length by 18°), which is comparable to the kinematically cold Phoenix, ATLAS, and GD-1 streams. Using blue horizontal branch stars, we resolve a distance gradient along the Jet stream of 0.2 kpc deg−1, with distances ranging from D ⊙ ∼ 27–34 kpc. We use natural splines to simultaneously fit the stream track, width, and intensity to quantitatively characterize density variations in the Jet stream, including a large gap, and identify substructure off the main track of the stream. Furthermore, we report the first measurement of the proper motion of the Jet stream and find that it is well aligned with the stream track, suggesting the stream has likely not been significantly perturbed perpendicular to the line of sight. Finally, we fit the stream with a dynamical model and find that it is on a retrograde orbit, and is well fit by a gravitational potential including the Milky Way and Large Magellanic Cloud. These results indicate the Jet stream is an excellent candidate for future studies with deeper photometry, astrometry, and spectroscopy to study the potential of the Milky Way and probe perturbations from baryonic and dark matter substructure.
Table. 1: Metabolites Identified in FBR 1741 by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS2. RT- Retention time.
Creators: name: Barathikannan, Kaliyan
name: Chelliah, Ramachandran
name: Vinothkanna, Annadurai
name: Prathiviraj, Ragothaman
name: TYAGI, AKANKSHA
name: Selvakumar, Vijayalakshmi
name: Lim, Min-Jin
name: Jia, Ai-Qun
name: Oh, Deog-Hwan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 300602
subject: Food chemistry and food sensory science
classificationCode: 300603
subject: Food nutritional balance
classificationCode: 300607
subject: Food technology

description: There is a substantial rise in the global incidence of obesity. Brown rice contains metabolic substances that can help minimize the prevalence of obesity. This study evaluated nine brown rice varieties using probiotic fermentation using Pediococcus acidilacti MNL5 to enhance bioactive metabolites and their efficacy. Among the nine varieties, FBR-1741 had the highest pancreatic lipase inhibitory efficacy (87.6 ± 1.51%), DPPH assay (358.5 ± 2.80 mg Trolox equiv./100 g, DW), and ABTS assay (362.5 ± 2.32 mg Trolox equiv./100 g, DW). Compared to other fermented brown rice and FBR-1741 varieties, UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS demonstrated significant untargeted metabolite alterations. The 17 most abundant polyphenolic metabolites in the FBR-1741 variety and 132 putative targets were assessed for obesity-related target proteins, and protein interaction networks were constructed using the Cystoscope software. Network pharmacology analysis validated FBR-1741 with active metabolites in the C. elegans obesity-induced model. Administration of FBR-1741 with ferulic acid improved lifespan decreased triglycerides and suppressed the expression of fat-related genes. The enhanced anti-obesity properties of FBR-1741 suggest its implementation in obesity-functional food.
Comparison analysis of color, black and white and old-style filter images with commercial and open source Computer Vision tools
Creators: name: Preza Diaz, Jose Luis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: computer vision, image analysis, semantics

description: Are there any differences in computer vision results if you process the same image in full color, black and white and old type filter? This document includes an analysis of 3 images, one color, one black and white and one with old-style filter. they are the same image. The following computer vision solutions were used: clarifai food model, google vision, google image search, microsoft azure vision and Yolo v3.
A molecular dynamics approach to studying gate oxides in Ge-MOSFETs
Creators: name: Heydari Haratameh, Amirsalar
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: As silicon-based transistors are reaching their performance limit, a growing need for a new semiconductor material has arisen. Germanium has been suggested as the potential substitute for silicon-based Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). This dissertation is focused on the source of reliability issues of MOSFETs fabricated on germanium and offers several solutions to cope with MOSFETs reliability issues. Due to the miniaturization of electronic devices, especially MOSFETs, some reliability challenges have arisen, such as the higher threshold voltage and increased gate leakage current. This device downscaling has led to a poor interface quality at the dielectric/substrate interface of Ge-MOSFETs. I employed Molecular Dynamics (MD) tools to investigate the nature of the dielectric material structure on the germanium substrate and the type of defects responsible for electrical degradation. This dissertation is dedicated to proposing several solutions which enable the semiconductor industry to mitigate the associated reliability issues of Ge-MOSFETs which leave behind the commercialization of these MOSFETs. A reactive molecular dynamics force field was employed in this research, enabling the simulation of ongoing bond breaking and formation. In addition to finding the effect of oxidation temperature on the density of interfacial defects, this research has shed light on the effect of oxide thickness on interface quality. The need for stabilizing the native oxide of germanium leads to proposing a novel approach to improve both interface quality and dielectric constant. Dilute concentrations of aluminum were doped into the oxide network, and as a result, improved dielectric constant and enhanced dielectric/substrate interface quality were obtained.
Methane band and Spitzer mid-IR imaging of L and T dwarf candidates in the Pleiades
Creators: name: Casewell, S. L.
name: Jameson, R. F.
name: Burleigh, M. R.
name: Dobbie, P. D.
name: Roy, M.
name: Hodgkin, S. T.
name: Moraux, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Spitzer observations at [3.6] and [4.5] microns together with the methane short (1.58\,\mic)-methane long (1.69\,\mic) colour for 3 cool dwarfs in the Pleiades, PLZJ23, PLZJ93 and PLZJ100. We determine the effective temperatures of PLZJ23 and PLZJ93 to be ~1200 and ~1100 K. From the broadband photometry we place an upper limit of 1100 K on the effective temperature of PLZJ100 but lack the data required to determine the value more precisely. These temperatures are in the T dwarf regime yet the methane colours indicate no methane is present.We attribute this to youth/low gravity in line with theoretical expectations. However, we find even less methane is present than predicted by the models. PLZJ23 and PLZJ93 are also very bright in the [3.6] micron waveband (PLZJ100 is not measured) compared to field brown dwarfs which can also be explained by this lack of methane. The definition of the T spectral class is the appearance of methane absorption, so strictly, via this definition, PLZJ93 and PLZJ100 cannot be described as T dwarfs. The colours of these two objects are, however, not compatible with those of L dwarfs. Thus we have a classification problem and cannot assign these objects a (photometric) spectral type.
description: 9 pages, 8 Figures, 3 Tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Smart Organs: Pioneering Artificial Intelligence Enhanced Autonomous Therapeutic Systems in Healthcare
Creators: name: Thakar, Japan Rishi
name: Mokashi, Vinay Narsinhraj
name: Pirouzi, Peivand
Publisher: name: Crown College of Canada
Year: 2025

description: The global scarcity of donor organs has spurred a revolution in healthcare through artificial organs, with autonomous therapeutic systems (ATS) leading the charge. At the forefront are artificial kidneys, enhanced by artificial intelligence (AI) to create smart organs that adapt in real time and predict patient needs. This paper delves into the technological innovations driving these systems, such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), bioartificial fabrication, advanced membranes, and ex vivo perfusion, while exploring how AI amplifies their potential. It also navigates the regulatory and ethical landscape, ensuring these pioneering systems achieve safety, efficacy, and widespread acceptance in modern medicine.
Reproduce experimental results from a paper
Creators: name: ZIKIC, Milosav
name: JABER, Samah
name: ZILLER, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Discounted Cumulative Gain, Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain, Beta Function, Reproducibility, ANOVA

description: Identify the experimental setup and strategy taken in the original paper ( How Do Gain and Discount Functions Affect the Correlation between DCG and User Satisfaction?) and outline the steps necessary to reproduce the paper results.
Comparing numerical and analytical calculations of post-ISCO ringdown amplitudes
Creators: name: Hadar, Shahar
name: Kol, Barak
name: Berti, Emanuele
name: Cardoso, Vitor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically compute the ringdown amplitudes following the plunge of a particle from the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) of a Schwarzschild black hole in the extreme-mass ratio limit. We show that the ringdown amplitudes computed in this way are in good agreement with a recent analytical calculation arXiv:0911.3899.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Thermodynamic Properties of Gaseous Plasmas in the Limit of Extremely Low Temperature
Creators: name: Iosilevskiy, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Limiting structure of thermodynamic functions of gaseous plasmas is under consideration in the limit of zero temperature and density. Remarkable tendency, which was claimed previously (Iosilevskiy and Gryaznov, 1985) is carried to extreme. Both equations of state, thermal and caloric ones obtain in this limit identical stepped structure ("ionization stairs") for plasma of any single element when this limit (T -> 0, n -> 0) is carried out at fixed value of chemical potential for electrons (or atoms). The same stepped structure is valid for plasma of mixtures or compounds. This structure appears within a fixed (negative) range of chemical potential of electrons bounded below by value of major ionization potential of element and above by the value depending on sublimation energy of substance. Binding energies of all possible bound complexes (atomic, molecular, ionic and clusters) in its ground state are the only quantities that manifest itself in meaningful details of this limiting picture as location and value of every step. The sublimation energy this collection ("intrinsic energy scale"). All thermodynamic differential parameters (heat capacity, compressibility, etc.) obtain their remarkable betta-like structures in the zero-temperature limit ("thermodynamic spectrum"). All "lines" of these "spectrum" are centralized just at the elements of the intrinsic energy scale. The limiting EOS stepped structure of gaseous zero-Kelvin isotherm is generic prototype of well-known "shell oscillations" in EOS of gaseous plasmas at low, but finite temperature. This limiting form of plasma thermodynamics could be used as a natural basis for rigorous deduction of quasi-chemical approach ("chemical picture") in frames of temperature (not density!) asymptotic expansion around this reference system.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures, Int. Conference "Physics of Non-Ideal Plasma" (PNP-13), Chernogolovka, Russia, September 2009