Pathological response in the breast and axillary lymph nodes after neoadjuvant systemic treatment in patients with initially node-positive breast cancer correlates with disease free survival: an exploratory analysis of the GeparOcto trial
Creators: name: Gerber, Bernd
name: Schneeweiss, Andreas
name: Möbus, Volker
name: Golatta, Michael
name: Tesch, Hans
name: Krug, David
name: Hanusch, Claus
name: Denkert, Carsten
name: Lübbe, Kristina
name: Heil, Jörg
name: Huober, Jens
name: Ataseven, Beyhan
name: Klare, Peter
name: Hahn, Markus
name: Untch, Michael
name: Kast, Karin
name: Jackisch, Christian
name: Thomalla, Jörg
name: Seither, Fenja
name: Blohmer, Jens-Uwe
name: Rhiem, Kerstin
name: Fasching, Peter A.
name: Nekljudova, Valentina
name: Loibl, Sibylle
name: Kühn, Thorsten
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: breast cancer
subject: axillary surgery
subject: pathological complete response
subject: lymph node
subject: DDC 610 / Medicine &amp; health
subject: Breast; Cancer
subject: Breast neoplasms
subject: Neoadjuvant therapy
subject: Lymph nodes
subject: Prognosis
subject: Brustkrebs
subject: Induktionstherapie
subject: Lymphknoten
subject: Prognose

description: Simple Summary The extent of axillary surgery has been reduced in recent years to minimize side effects. However, a negative impact of reduced surgery on outcome must be avoided. We investigated for whom the extent of surgery can be safely reduced by examining early-stage breast cancer patients converting from lymph node (LN)-positive to LN-negative disease after neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NAST). Of 242 initially LN-positive patients treated within the GeparOcto trial, 54.5% were classified as LN-negative after NAST, 31.8% as LN-positive, and for 13.6% data were missing. Overall, 92.1% of patients underwent complete axillary LN dissection, with 6.6% undergoing sentinel LN dissection only. At surgery, 55.4% of patients had no signs of cancer in the LN, 45.0% had no signs of cancer in the breast (of those 8.3% had involved LN), and 41.3% had no signs of cancer at all. Patients with involved LN still had a bad prognosis. Conversion from LN-positive to LN-negative after NAST is of highest prognostic value. Surgical axillary staging after NAST is essential in these patients to offer tailored treatment. Abstract Background: The conversion of initially histologically confirmed axillary lymph node-positive (pN+) to ypN0 after neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NAST) is an important prognostic factor in breast cancer (BC) patients and may influence surgical de-escalation strategies. We aimed to determine pCR rates in lymph nodes (pCR-LN), the breast (pCR-B), and both (tpCR) in women who present with pN+ BC, to assess predictors for response and the impact of pCR-LN, pCR-B, and tpCR on invasive disease-free survival (iDFS). Methods: Retrospective, exploratory analysis of 242 patients with pN+ at diagnosis from the multicentric, randomized GeparOcto trial. Results: Of 242 patients with initially pN+ disease, 134 (55.4%) had a pCR-LN, and 109 (45.0%) a pCR-B. Of the 109 pCR-B patients, 9 (8.3%) patients had involved LN, and 100 (41.3%) patients had tpCR. Those with involved LN still had a bad prognosis. As expected, pCR-B and intrinsic subtypes (TNBC and HER2+) were identified as independent predictors of pCR-LN. pCR-LN (ypN0; hazard ratio 0.42; 95%, CI 0.23–0.75; p = 0.0028 for iDFS) was the strongest independent prognostic factor. Conclusions: In initially pN+ patients undergoing NAST, the conversion to ypN0 is of high prognostic value. Surgical axillary staging after NAST is still essential in these patients to offer tailored treatment.