cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Powerful Tools for Caregivers, a Group Psychoeducational Skill-Building Intervention for Family Caregivers
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Caregivers
Depression
Quality of life
Self-care
Self-efficacy

description: Introduction: Care providers consistently report negative consequences to their mental health as a direct result of their caregiving responsibilities. Specifically, they describe higher levels of distress, mental health problems, and depressive symptoms compared to their non-caregiving matched controls. Powerful Tools for Caregivers (PTC) is a national program that aims to empower caregivers to better care for themselves and enhance their self-efficacy. The purpose of the present study was to determine and quantify the effectiveness of the PTC program through pre/post data analysis. Methods: PTC intervention was evaluated at two questionnaire time points: pre-PTC and post-PTC between June 30, 2004 and Oct 16, 2013. Paired sample t-tests (n=409) were conducted using SPSS Statistics Version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results: PTC increased caregivers who conducted self-care behaviors, who demonstrated self-efficacy, management of depressing emotions and those who used community resources. Conclusion: PTC results in caregivers reporting that they are taking better care of themselves, reacting to their emotions in a healthier manner, gaining more confidence in their caregiving abilities and coping skills, and becoming more knowledgeable about receiving assistance from their community resources.
Energy Spread of the Unstable State and Proton Decay Observation
Creators: name: Salesi, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Because of the extreme smallness of the energy spread of the unstable state describing the decaying proton, due in its turn to the anomalous smallness of the resonance width expected for the proton decay, the application of the Heisenberg time-energy relation predicts the measurement times for the proton decay observation to be so long as to forbid a "continuous" observation of the decay. This might account for the missing observation of the proton decay.
Green cities for a better future? – A case study from an alpine region: the Town of Trento
Creators: name: Cantiani, Maria Giulia
name: Betta, Alessandro
name: De Meo, Isabella
name: Maino, Federica
name: Paletto, Alessandro
name: Tamanini, Sara
Publisher: name: UPLanD - Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape & environmental Design
Year: 2019

description: In a world where, by 2050, 70% of the population will be living in cities, a “New Urban Agenda” is considered crucial in order to form more sustainable, inclusive and resilient cities. This means cities which are liveable both from the natural and human-environment points of view and where citizens are involved in the realization and management of an attractive urban environment of high quality. Given the process of urbanization occurring in many towns of the Alpine Region, managers and planners need to know the new order of priorities in needs and values expressed by citizens with regard to urban forests and those in nearby areas. This paper illustrates a case study of the town of Trento, in the north-eastern Italian Alps, a typical medium-sized alpine town which, despite recent urbanization, is still in close connection to woodlands. The research has been carried out by means of a questionnaire aimed at investigating the relationship between citizens and their forests. In particular, the points of investigation were the main functions attributed to the forests and visitors’ preferences of forest features. The results show that urbanization and socio-economic changes, with the introduction of an urban lifestyle, are producing a radical transformation in people’s behaviour and attitudes with regard to forests. A survey of this type may be a useful tool in the hands of planners and managers in order to help shape a sustainable urban development.
description: UPLanD - Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape & environmental Design, Vol 4 No 1: Urban Water Management 2.0
title: Enzymic Milk Coagulation: Casein Micelle Aggregation and Curd Formation
Creators: name: McMahon, Donald J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1983

description: Enzymic milk coagulation was monitored by measuring changes in curd firmness and apparent absorbance of undiluted milk. Detection of coagulation, visually or rheologically, occurred after the milk changes from a system of aggregating particles to an extended space network. This change was observed as a shoulder in apparent absorbance plots and coagulation time was defined as the critical point in the aggregation process analogously to non-linear condensation polymerization reactions. It corresponds to the inflexion point during the period when apparent absorbance was rapidly increasing and can be calculated by fitting curd firmness data to an exponential equation.
Addition of calcium chloride to milk reduced coagulation time with a minimum occurring at .05M calcium. Also, curd firmness increased with a maximum at .02M calcium. It appears that calcium affects all stages of coagulation: proteolysis, micelle aggregation, and gelation. When bulk culture media was added to milk, the pH of the media had a greater effect on coagulation time than did presence of phosphate in the media.
Non-specific proteolytic activity of milk coagulants affects the initial rate of curd firming but not the maximum firmness. The more proteolytic the enzyme the slower the curd firming rate. This can be used to rapidly assay for pepsin content of bovine rennets.
title: Meltability and Rheology of Model Process Cheese containing acid and rennet casein
Creators: name: Savello, Paul Alexander
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1983

description: Process cheese models were prepared by blending acid or rennet casein, milk fat, sodium chloride, 2.5% emulsifying salt and water and heating to 80 C. Acid casein cheese models were subjected to sodium hydroxide conditioning at 65 C in the cooker. Model process cheeses were acidified with lactic acid and treated by addition of undenatured and heat-denatured whey protein, four different emulsifying salts and sodium oxalate.
Meltability and toughness of the model cheese increased to a maximum with increased sodium hydroxide conditioning of acid casein to pH 7.20. These same properties decreased with addition of undenatured and heat-denatured whey protein to both casein cheese models. Loss of emulsion occurred during the meltability test of rennet casein cheese models with 3.0 and 4.5% added whey protein.
Emulsifying salts affected the models differently. Disodium phosphate and tetrasodium pyrophosphate in rennet casein models eliminated the melting property. These same salts in acid casein models produced excellent meltability. Trisodium citrate produced cheeses with good meltability in both acid and rennet casein cheese models. Acid casein cheese models prepared with sodium aluminum phosphate had fair meltability and were very tender (no rupture upon compression). Chelation of calcium by sodium oxalate in rennet casein cheese emulsified with disodium phosphate or tetrasodium pyrophosphate improved meltability with a corresponding increase in toughness.
Scanning electron micrographs of model process cheeses indicated a direct relationship between extent of emulsification and poor meltability of rennet and pH conditioned acid casein model cheeses. Acid casein model cheeses prepared with different emulsifying salts did not exhibit this same relationship. Addition of whey protein concentrate to rennet case~n model cheese produced fibrous structures around the fat globules. No structural abnormalities were noted in the acid casein cheeses prepared with whey protein concentrate.
title: Preparing Australia Program tropical cyclone data analysis data description
Creators: name: C., Arthur
name: C., Arthur
name: M., Dunford
Publisher: name: Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia)
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: EARTH SCIENCES
subject: Published_External

description: The Preparing Australia Program (PAP) tropical cyclone data analysis explores the relative vulnerability of Local Government Areas (LGA, Australian Statistical Geography Standard, 2020) to tropical cyclone-related winds. This relies on a combination of the hazard (magnitude and likelihood) and the vulnerability (level of damage for given hazard level).
title: Survival of porcine pepsin during cheddar cheese making and its effect on casein during cheese ripening
Creators: name: Majeed, Gheyath H.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1984

description: A modification of a linear diffusion test for measuring milk clotting enzymes at concentrations of 1 x 10^-4 to 1 x 10^-1 chymosin units/ ml was developed to permit quantitative assay of porcine pepsin in Cheddar cheese with a standard deviation of 6%. The amount of porcine pepsin retained in Cheddar cheese curd was dependent on pH of milk at setting. Milk at pH 6.6, 6.4, 6.2, and 6.0 was set with porcine pepsin, acidified with lactic acid and glucono-~-lactone and made into Cheddar cheese. After pressing the corresponding curd contained 0, 3.64+0 .12 %, 4.79+0.52%, and 5.94+0.30% of the pepsin activity added to the milk. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cheese revealed increasing degradation of the ~s-casein band with increasing residual pepsin in the curd. However, some degradation of the ~s-casein band was evident in curd set at pH 6.6 which showed no residual pepsin. Curd was made by ultrafiltration from whole milk followed by acidification to pH 5.2 with hydrochloric acid and glucono-6- lactone and vacuum evaporated to 39% moisture at 40 C (no clotting enzymes and no starter) . Degradation of the ~s- casein in this curd was similar to that observed in pepsin cheese set at pH 6.6. All degradation in ~s-casein cannot be attributed to milk clotting enzymes or starter bacteria. Porcine pepsin does not contribute to protein digestion in cheese curd during ripening unless the milk is below pH 6.6 at setting.
Murine glomerular transcriptome links endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 deficiency with susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Animals
Cell Movement
Diabetic Nephropathies
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Gene Expression Profiling
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Glucose
Humans
Kidney Glomerulus
Leukocytes
Male
Mice
Neoplasm Proteins
Proteoglycans
RNA, Messenger
Species Specificity

description: © 2017 Zheng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of kidney disease; however, there are no early biomarkers and no cure. Thus, there is a large unmet need to predict which individuals will develop nephropathy and to understand the molecular mechanisms that govern this susceptibility. We compared the glomerular transcriptome from mice with distinct susceptibilities to DN at four weeks after induction of diabetes, but before histologic injury, and identified differential regulation of genes that modulate inflammation. From these genes, we identified endothelial cell specific molecule-1 (Esm-1), as a glomerular-enriched determinant of resistance to DN. Glomerular Esm-1 mRNA and protein were lower in DN-susceptible, DBA/2, compared to DN-resistant, C57BL/6, mice. We demonstrated higher Esm-1 secretion from primary glomerular cultures of diabetic mice, and high glucose was sufficient to increase Esm-1 mRNA and protein secretion in both strains of mice. However, induction was significantly attenuated in DN-susceptible mice. Urine Esm-1 was also significantly higher only in DN-resistant mice. Moreover, using intravital microscopy and a biomimetic microfluidic assay, we showed that Esm-1 inhibited rolling and transmigration in a dose-dependent manner. For the first time we have uncovered glomerular-derived Esm-1 as a potential non-invasive biomarker of DN. Esm-1 inversely correlates with disease susceptibility and inhibits leukocyte infiltration, a critical factor in protecting the kidney from DN.
Purification and characterization of alpha-amylase from Bacteroides amylophilus strain H-18
Creators: name: Rahman, Sheikh Saif-Ur
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The research was undertaken to study the extracellular α-amylase produced by the anaerobic rumen bacterium, Bacteroides amylophilus strain H-18. Four active isoenzymes of α-amylase were detected by disc electrophoresis and electrofocusing techniques. Isoelectric points as determined by electrofocusing were pH 3.7, 4.5, 5.9 and 8.0. Isoenzymes were named 1, 2, 3 and 4 with respect to their increasing isoelectric points. α-Amylase isoenzyme 1 was purified by DEAE-Sephadex and G-200 techniques. Some of its general physio-chemical properties were studied. It had maximum activity at pH 6.7, 44°C and was stabilized by calcium ion. It was susceptible to thermal denaturation in the absence of calcium. Various other metal ions tested could not replace the calcium in regenerating maximum activity. It was found by atomic absorption spectrophotometry that α-amylase isoenzyme 1 contained 3 gram-atoms of calcium per mole of enzyme. The estimated molecular weight by gel filtration technique was 45,000 Daltons. Amino acid analysis indicated the absence of cysteine, therefore, disulphide linkages were not involved in maintaining the tertiary structure. Tryptophan appeared to be required for enzymic activity, as determined by the N-bromosuccinamide oxidation technique. The mode of action of α-amylase isoenzyme 1 was studied using amylose and soluble starch as substrates. The products of enzymatic degradation were analysed qualitatively by thin layer chromatography. The maltohexaose, maltoheptaose, maltoctaose, maltonanaose and maltodecaose remained in the digest mixture for sometime after the achroic point. The degree of multiple attack was 2, as calculated by determining the ratio of the reducing value of the oligosaccharide fraction to that of polysaccharide fraction. Antisera against α-amylase isoenzyme 1, produced in rabbits by injection of α-amylase in Freund's complete adjuvant was found to be mono-specific. The inhibition of α-amylase activity by antibody and inhibitory effect of starch on the amylase-anti-amylase system were demonstrated. The effect of anti-amylase (isoenzyme 1) globulin on amylases of diverse origin was studied by the Ouchterlony double diffusion technique. These experiments demonstrated antigenic determinants which were distinct from those present on the α-amylase of hog pancreas, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis indicated the presence of only a single antigenic component. Quantitative precipitation studies gave a typical curve with one equivalence point with an antibody to antigen ratio of 2.31. N-Bromosuccinimide treated α-amylase (isoenzyme 1) exhibited similar immunochemical behaviour to the native enzyme, but completely lost its catalytic activity. It is possible that catalytic and antigenic sites were distinct. Urea treated α-amylase (isoenzyme 1) did not show any precipitate with its specific antibody and thus appeared to have lost its antigenic structure.
title: Bayesian Nonparametric Methods for Cyber Security with Applications to Malware Detection and Classification
Creators: name: Perusquia Cortes, Jose Antonio
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: The statistical approach to cyber security has become an active and important area of research due to the growth in number and threat of cyber attacks perpetrated nowadays. In this thesis, we centre our attention on the Bayesian approach to cyber security, which provides several modelling advantages such as the flexibility achieved through the probabilistic quantification of uncertainty. In particular, we have found that Bayesian models have been mainly used to detect volume-traffic anomalies, network anomalies and malicious software. To provide a unifying view of these ideas, we first present a thorough review on Bayesian methods applied to cyber security. Bayesian models applied to detecting malware and classifying them into known malicious classes is one of the cyber security areas discussed in our review. However, and contrary to detecting traffic and network anomalies, this area has not been widely developed from a Bayesian perspective. That is why we have centred our attention on developing novel supervised learning Bayesian nonparametric models to detect and classify malware using binary features built directly from the executables’ binary code. For these methods, important theoretical properties and simulation techniques are fully developed and for real malware data, we have compared their performance against well-known machine learning models which have been widely applied in this area. With respect to our methodologies, we first present a new discrete nonparametric prior specifically designed for binary data that builds on an elegant nonparametric hierarchical structure, which allows us to study the importance of each individual feature across the groups found in the data. Moreover, and due to the large, and possibly redundant, number of features, we have developed a generalised version of the model that allows the introduction of a feature selection step within the inferential learning. Finally, for a more complex modelling where there is a need to introduce dependence across the features, we have extended the capabilities of this new class of nonparametric priors by using it as the building block of a latent feature model.
Magnitude dependence of radiated energy spectra: Far-field expressions of slip pulses in earthquake models
Creators: name: Shaw, Bruce E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mechanics
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Plate tectonics

description: We examine the radiated waves emitted by events on a model fault. The model deterministically produces a complex sequence of events, with a wide range of sizes, from a uniform frictional instability. The spontaneous rupture events emit a rich spectrum of radiated waves as they nucleate, propagate, and decelerate within the complex stress field left by previous events. Two model innovations, a new driving boundary condition on the fault and a new radiating boundary condition which allows a spatially varying prestress away from the fault, allow us to directly measure the radiation without problems from boundary reflections in our two-dimensional model. We quantify the radiation by first measuring the energy spectral density and then averaging over events of a similar size to examine the magnitude dependence. Assuming only a physics of the tractions on the fault, we obtain a full spectra of radiated waves for a complex population of events with a wide range of sizes. To quantify the resulting spectra, we consider two different spectral measures. One, the peak amplitude of the spectral energy density, occurs at a period which scales with the rupture length and corresponds with the classical corner frequency measurement. The other, the peak amplitude of the spectral average acceleration or the low-frequency corner in the case of a flat acceleration spectrum, occurs at a period that scales with the duration of slip of points on the fault. The period of the peak spectral acceleration saturates for large events. Looking at the rupture motions on the fault, we find that this spectral behavior corresponds with the behavior of slip pulses in the model. Intense narrow pulses of slip develop for very long rupture events. We quantify this by measuring the mean slip duration as a function of rupture length and show that it is has the same behavior as the peak period of spectral acceleration. Thus the duration of the slip pulses in these ruptures is directly expressed in their radiated spectra. Moreover, we find that these corner periods exhibit a nontrivial dependence on event magnitude for the different frictional instabilities that we have examined, suggesting that any observed dependence of these corner periods on earthquake magnitude might provide insight into the frictional instability of earthquakes.
A Gaussian Belief Propagation Solver for Large Scale Support Vector Machines
Creators: name: Bickson, Danny
name: Yom-Tov, Elad
name: Dolev, Danny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6

description: Support vector machines (SVMs) are an extremely successful type of classification and regression algorithms. Building an SVM entails solving a constrained convex quadratic programming problem, which is quadratic in the number of training samples. We introduce an efficient parallel implementation of an support vector regression solver, based on the Gaussian Belief Propagation algorithm (GaBP). In this paper, we demonstrate that methods from the complex system domain could be utilized for performing efficient distributed computation. We compare the proposed algorithm to previously proposed distributed and single-node SVM solvers. Our comparison shows that the proposed algorithm is just as accurate as these solvers, while being significantly faster, especially for large datasets. We demonstrate scalability of the proposed algorithm to up to 1,024 computing nodes and hundreds of thousands of data points using an IBM Blue Gene supercomputer. As far as we know, our work is the largest parallel implementation of belief propagation ever done, demonstrating the applicability of this algorithm for large scale distributed computing systems.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure, appeared in the 5th European Complex Systems Conference, Jerusalem, Sept. 2008
title: Evaluation and Improvement of Coagulation Properties of Milk for Manufacturing
Creators: name: Okigbo, Leslie M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1984

description: A rugged and sensitive instrument "Vatimer" was developed to evaluate the coagulation properties of milk in cheese vats. Microvolt signals from the instrument varied with standing-wave motion of milk, forces arising from coagulation, curd firming, curd syneresis and also clean-in-place spray forces. Curd firmness at cutting varied three to four fold in commercial Cheddar cheesemaking operations.
The Formagraph instrument was used to select individual cow milk samples with good and poor chymosin-coagulation characteristics from the Utah State University Holstein herd. Blending 50% good-, and 50% poor-coagulating samples did not improve average coagulation properties of poor samples. Higher chymosin concentration caused curd disintegration in poor samples. It was not necessary to add more than .02 rennin units per milliliter of milk, or .02% CaC1 2 to produce adequate curd firmness 30 min after chymosin addition if milk pH was reduced to at least 6.4 before coagulation.
Hydroxyapatite chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole casein from milk samples with good and poor chymosin-coagulation characteristics showed abnormally high contents of y - and para-K-caseins and lower K- and 8 -casein concentrations in poor-coagulating samples. Poor samples showed higher deterioration in curd firmness than the good samples on chymosin coagulation after storage of milk samples at 4°C for 24, 48, and 72 h with and without added .02% CaCl2. Prolonged storage for 30 days at -1°C caused 7.6% and 68.2% losses in curd firmness for good and poor samples respectively.
Cheddar cheese was made in 9 liter laboratory cheese vats with various proportions of blended, and coagulation modified poor-, and good chymosin-coagulating milk. One hundred percent poor-coagulating milk produced cheese with significantly higher moisture, lower yield, and very bitter flavor.
MASKE KULLANIM ORANLARI : İZMİR BASIN SİTESİ MAHALLESİ
Creators: name: TORLAK, Murat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Bu çalışma, İzmir Basın Sitesi Mahallesindeki maske kullanım oranlarını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Havaların ısınması ve vaka sayılarının inişe geçmesiyle birlikte yasaklar zamanla gevşetildi. Kurallara bir çoğumuz uyarken, bazı kimselerin koruyucu ekipman kullanımı ve sosyal mesafeyi hiçe saymasından dolayı son günlerde günlük vakaların artmasına sebebiyet verdi. Yasakların gevşetilmesiyle toplumun rehavete kapılması, bulunduğumuz çevrede maske kullanım oranını nasıl etkiledi? sorusuna nitel verilerle cevap bulmaya çalışılacaktır.
Medication and supplement use in older people with and without intellectual disability: An observational, cross-sectional study
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Aged
Aging
Cross-Sectional Studies
Data Collection
Dietary Supplements
Female
Group Homes
Humans
Intellectual Disability
Ireland
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Middle Aged
Polypharmacy
Prevalence
Primary Health Care

description: © 2017 Peklar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Introduction: Understanding the medication and supplement use of aging people is critical to ensuring that health service providers in primary care can optimise use of these agents. An increasing number of people with different levels of intellectual disability (ID) are living in the community and becoming for the first time substantial users of primary health care services. This, however, brings new challenges that need to be addressed at the primary health care level. We quantified the use of medicines and food supplements and described the associated patterns of morbidity in the two comparable cohorts of aging population with and without intellectual disability. Method: This research aligned participants of 50 years and over who lived in the community from two nationally representative cohorts of older people; those with ID from the Intellectual Disability Supplement (n = 238) and those without ID (n = 8,081) from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. Results: Data showed that both medication and supplement use in the two groups was prevalent but that those with ID received more of both medications and supplements (e.g. polypharmacy was 39.0% in ID vs. 18.1% in non-ID cohort). Moreover, based on an analysis of the therapeutic groups and medications used that treatment was more intense in the ID cohort (95.8 vs. 7.0 International Non-proprietary Names per 100 participants). Supplement use was almost twice as prevalent in the ID group but substantially less diverse with only 10 types of supplements reported. Morbidity was higher in the ID group and showed a higher prevalence of neurological and mental health disorders. Conclusion: The results highlight that the burden of therapy management and the potential risks in those ageing with ID differs substantially from those ageing without ID. Understanding the medication and supplement use of people aging with intellectual disability (ID) is critical to ensuring that health service providers in primary/ambulatory care can optimise use of these agents.
Analysis of the Y(4140) and related molecular states with QCD sum rules
Creators: name: Wang, Zhi-Gang
name: Liu, Zhi-Cheng
name: Zhang, Xiao-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we assume that there exist scalar ${D}^\ast {\bar {D}}^\ast$, ${D}_s^\ast {\bar {D}}_s^\ast$, ${B}^\ast {\bar {B}}^\ast$ and ${B}_s^\ast {\bar {B}}_s^\ast$ molecular states, and study their masses using the QCD sum rules. The numerical results indicate that the masses are about $(250-500) \rm{MeV}$ above the corresponding ${D}^\ast -{\bar {D}}^\ast$, ${D}_s^\ast -{\bar {D}}_s^\ast$, ${B}^\ast -{\bar {B}}^\ast$ and ${B}_s^\ast -{\bar {B}}_s^\ast$ thresholds, the Y(4140) is unlikely a scalar ${D}_s^\ast {\bar {D}}_s^\ast$ molecular state. The scalar $D^\ast {\bar D}^\ast$, $D_s^\ast {\bar D}_s^\ast$, $B^\ast {\bar B}^\ast$ and $B_s^\ast {\bar B}_s^\ast$ molecular states maybe not exist, while the scalar ${D'}^\ast {\bar {D'}}^\ast$, ${D'}_s^\ast {\bar {D'}}_s^\ast$, ${B'}^\ast {\bar {B'}}^\ast$ and ${B'}_s^\ast {\bar {B'}}_s^\ast$ molecular states maybe exist.
description: 19 pages, 36 figures, slight revision
Stable Isotope Record of the Terminal Neoproterozoic Krol Platform in the Lesser Himalayas of Northern India
Creators: name: Kaufman, Alan J.
name: Jiang, Ganqing
name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
name: Banerjee, Dhiraj M.
name: Rai, Vibhuti
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Geology, Stratigraphic
subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Paleoclimatology

description: The terminal Neoproterozoic succession in the Lesser Himalaya of India, including the Infra Krol Formation and Krol Group, represent the thickest known accumulation of carbonate strata of this time period, and hence is an ideal target for chemostratigraphic and sequence stratigraphic investigation. High-resolution analyses reveal several negative δ13C excursions. Only one of these is related to known Neoproterozoic ice ages, and many vary in amplitude and stratigraphic position in an oblique regional transect of the platform. A combination of stratigraphic and geochemical tests, and comparison with sections elsewhere, leads to an evaluation of the relative contributions of primary and secondary signals. Two excursions are associated with abrupt facies changes associated with shallowing and accumulation of carbonate in organic-rich restricted environments, or with karstification of a subaerially exposed platform; these are currently interpreted to be diagenetic artifacts. Other negative δ13C excursions are recorded in open marine transgressive facies, and are interpreted to represent biogeochemical anomalies of global significance. The magnitude of these excursions, however, is complicated by their lateral inconsistency between adjacent sections. Two interpretations are proposed. One possibility is that the observed isotopic inconsistency is due to diagenesis not revealed by the application of existing geochemical criteria. A composite δ13C curve constructed under this assumption is broadly consistent with that documented elsewhere, and may reflect modest biogeochemical changes of global scale. An alternative interpretation is that the inconsistency of δ13C values relates to stratigraphic hiatus between correlated horizons, incomplete sampling, and/or lack of appropriate carbonates facies. The composite δ13C curve constructed under this assumption shows large-magnitude (up to 15‰) negative δ13C anomalies that are taken to imply remarkable perturbations of ocean geochemistry and the episodic input of 13C-depleted alkalinity during terminal Neoproterozoic time.
Large-scale network coupling with the fusiform cortex facilitates future social motivation
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: default-mode network
effective connectivity
executive control
faces
goal-directed behavior
Adolescent
Adult
Brain Mapping
Executive Function
Female
Humans
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Models, Neurological
Motivation
Nerve Net
Principal Component Analysis
Reaction Time
Reward
Social Behavior
Temporal Lobe
Young Adult

description: © 2017 Utevsky et al. Large-scale functional networks, as identified through the coordinated activity of spatially distributed brain regions, have become central objects of study in neuroscience because of their contributions to many processing domains. Yet, it remains unclear how these domain-general networks interact with focal brain regions to coordinate thought and action. Here, we investigated how the default-mode network (DMN) and executive control network (ECN), two networks associated with goal-directed behavior, shape task performance through their coupling with other cortical regions several seconds in advance of behavior. We measured these networks’ connectivity during an adaptation of the monetary incentive delay (MID) response-time task in which human participants viewed social and nonsocial images (i.e., pictures of faces and landscapes, respectively) while brain activity was measured using fMRI. We found that participants displayed slower reaction times (RTs) subsequent to social trials relative to nonsocial trials. To examine the neural mechanisms driving this subsequent-RT effect, we integrated independent components analysis (ICA) and a network-based psychophysiological interaction (nPPI) analysis; this allowed us to investigate task-related changes in network coupling that preceded the observed trial-to-trial variation in RT. Strikingly, when subjects viewed social rewards, an area of the fusiform gyrus (FG) consistent with the functionally-defined fusiform face area (FFA) exhibited increased coupling with the ECN (relative to the DMN), and the relative magnitude of coupling tracked the slowing of RT on the following trial. These results demonstrate how large-scale, domain-general networks can interact with focal, domain-specific cortical regions to orchestrate subsequent behavior.
title: Dietary Intake of Persons with Type I Diabetes Who Use Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Pumps
Creators: name: Schaetzel-Hill, Laurie J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1984

description: To date there have been no complete reports of the nutrient intakes of persons with Type I diabetes mellitus who use continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) pumps. The purpose of this study was to describe the sample population and to determine the nutrient intake of adult Type I diabetics from the Salt Lake City, Utah area, who use CSII.
Seven male and 15 female CSII users, ages 25 to 53, completed a questionnaire and a three-day diet record as instructed. Diet records were coded and household measurements of foods were converted to gram weights for computerized nutrient analysis. Nutrient intake is reported as group mean and standard deviation for sex and age.
The average duration of diabetes was 17 years. The average length of CSII use was l.6 years. Review of the medical charts revealed that weight gain since beginning CSII averaged 5.5 pounds irrespective of the duration of pump use.
The dietary intake of protein, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B12 , and ascorbic acid met or exceeded the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for both men and women. For males, mean nutrient intakes were below the RDA for zinc (82.7%), folate (82.2%), and vitamin 86 (69.0%). For females, intakes were also below the RDA for zinc (64.0%), folate (58.3%), and vitamin 86 (69.0%), as well as for iron (58.5%) and magnesium (88.0%).
The average percent of kilocalories from protein, carbohydrate and fat, (approximately 17%, 43%, and 40%) was similar for both the males and females. The day-to-day variation in carbohydrate intake for both sexes was not significantly different. Intake of added sugar in the diet was 6.6% and 5.8% of total kilocalories (14.8% and 13.9% of the carbohydrate kilocalories) for males and females, respectively.
In conclusion, dietary intake for this small group of CSII users was adequate in most nutrients . Of concern is the apparent inadequate intakes of zinc, folate, vitamin s6 and iron for women, as compared to the current RDA standards. The distribution of kilocalories from protein, carbohydrate and fat approaches the 1979 recommendations by the American Diabetes Association. Weight gain may be a problem for some CSII pump users, and should be monitored.
Carbon dioxide sequestration in deep-sea basalt
Creators: name: Goldberg, David S.
name: Takahashi, Taro
name: Slagle, Angela L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Climatic changes
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Power resources

description: Developing a method for secure sequestration of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in geological formations is one of our most pressing global scientific problems. Injection into deep-sea basalt formations provides unique and significant advantages over other potential geological storage options, including (i) vast reservoir capacities sufficient to accommodate centuries-long U.S. production of fossil fuel CO2 at locations within pipeline distances to populated areas and CO2 sources along the U.S. west coast; (ii) sufficiently closed water-rock circulation pathways for the chemical reaction of CO2 with basalt to produce stable and nontoxic (Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+)CO3 infilling minerals, and (iii) significant risk reduction for post-injection leakage by geological, gravitational, and hydrate-trapping mechanisms. CO2 sequestration in established sediment-covered basalt aquifers on the Juan de Fuca plate offer promising locations to securely accommodate more than a century of future U.S. emissions, warranting energized scientific research, technological assessment, and economic evaluation to establish a viable pilot injection program in the future.
Carbon solution and partitioning between metallic and silicate melts in a shallow magma ocean: Implications for the origin and distribution of terrestrial carbon
Creators: name: Dasgupta, Rajdeep
name: Chi, Han
name: Shimizu, Nobumichi
name: Buono, Antonio
name: Walker, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Physical geography

description: The origin of bulk silicate Earth carbon inventory is unknown and the fate of carbon during the early Earth differentiation and core formation is a missing link in the evolution of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Here we present high pressure (P)–temperature (T) experiments that offer new constraints upon the partitioning of carbon between metallic and silicate melt in a shallow magma ocean. Experiments were performed at 1–5 GPa, 1600–2100 °C on mixtures of synthetic or natural silicates (tholeiitic basalt/alkali basalt/komatiite/fertile peridotite) and Fe–Ni–C ± Co ± S contained in graphite or MgO capsules. All the experiments produced immiscible Fe-rich metallic and silicate melts at oxygen fugacity (fO2) between ~IW-1.5 and IW- 1.9. Carbon and hydrogen concentrations of basaltic glasses and non-glassy quenched silicate melts were determined using secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS) and speciation of dissolved C–O–H volatiles in silicate glasses was studied using Raman spectroscopy. Carbon contents of metallic melts were determined using both electron microprobe and SIMS. Our experiments indicate that at core-forming, reduced conditions, carbon in deep mafic–ultramafic magmas may dissolve primarily as various hydrogenated species but the total carbon storage capacity, although is significantly higher than solubility of CO2 under similar conditions, remains low (<500 ppm). The total carbon content in our reduced melts at graphite saturation increases with increasing melt depolymerization (NBO/T), consistent with recent spectroscopic studies, and modestly with increasing hydration. Carbon behaves as a metal-loving element during core-mantle separation and our experimental Dmetal=silicate C varies between ~4750 and P150 and increases with increasing pressure and decreases with increasing temperature and melt NBO/T. Our data suggest that if only a trace amount of carbon (~730 ppm C) was available during early Earth differentiation, most of it was partitioned to the core (with 0.20–0.25 wt.% C) and no more than ~10–30% of the present-day mantle carbon budget (50–200 ppm CO2) could be derived from a magma ocean residual to core formation. With equilibrium core formation removing most of the carbon initially retained in the terrestrial magma ocean, explanation of the modern bulk silicate Earth carbon inventory requires a later replenishment mechanism. Partial entrapment of metal melt in solid silicate matrix, carbon ingassing by magma ocean–atmosphere interaction, and carbon outgassing from the core aided by reaction of core metal and deeply subducted water are some of the viable mechanisms.
Development of an online portal and metadata catalogue of Earth observation data types, sources and products for human health research in exposomics
Creators: name: Kamel-Boulos, MN
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 420699
subject: Public health not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 419999
subject: Other environmental sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 329999
subject: Other biomedical and clinical sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 401304
subject: Photogrammetry and remote sensing

description: Cite as: Kamel Boulos MN, Iyyanki MV, Dewan A, Bwambale B, Koh K. Development of an online portal and metadata catalogue of Earth observation data types, sources and products for human health research in exposomics (Extended Abstract/Oral Presentation). Presented at ISPRS Geospatial Week 2023, Cairo, Egypt, 2-7 September 2023 (Track: ADP-2: Advanced Data Preparation & Data Management for Geospatial & Remote sensing 2, Monday, 4 Sep 2023, 3:30pm-5:00pm, Pavilion-Hall3, InterContinental Cairo Semiramis). https://gsw2023.com/
Launceston's elderly population : a quality of life analysis
Creators: name: Kelly, John Spence
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Quality of life is a concept of a rather imponderable nature. This study commenced with a consideration of the measures used in other research, with the purpose of evaluating the relevant provisions in the context of the elderly population of the Launceston Urban Area. A definition of 'elderly' was sought, based upon the effects and role of aging in our society. By means of a comprehensive review of the literature, the needs of the elderly were examined and three key elements in life satisfaction distinguished - housing, motility and social relationships/activity levels. In addition it was anticipated that spatial differences in the provision of these elements would exist. An interview schedule was designed to elicit information on the provision of the key elements and the factors influencing them at the individual level. Following a broad review of the significance of location among elderly people and their distribution in the Launceston Urban Area, a sample of approximately 5 per cent of the total was selected, locationally stratified but otherwise random. Each element was analysed separately following a review of relevant literature to provide a basis for evaluation of the local circumstances. Thus, each respondent was placed in a ranked group relating to the quality of his/her housing, motility and social relationships/activity levels. In the final chapter the information on the three key elements is combined to provide an index labelled QLP (quality-of-life potential) for each respondent. As the literature and the previous analyses suggested that socio-economic status and aging are major factors in life quality and satisfaction, their impact on the Launceston Urban Area elderly was established. Finally, the factors operating to create disadvantage not explicable in terms of socioeconomic status and aging were examined, and found to relate largely to location in areas of commercial invasion and recent public housing estates. The characteristics of these areas operating negatively on the quality of life of the elderly residents were distinguished through further analysis and interviews.
Dynamics of earthquake faults
Creators: name: Carlson, Jean M.
name: Langer, James S.
name: Shaw, Bruce E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Plate tectonics
Earthquakes
Seismology

description: The authors present an overview of ongoing studies of the rich dynamical behavior of the uniform, deterministic Burridge-Knopoff model of an earthquake fault, discussing the model's behavior in the context of current seismology. The topics considered include: (1) basic properties of the model, such as the distinction between small and large events and the magnitude vs frequency distribution; (2) dynamics of individual events, including dynamical selection of rupture propagation speeds; (3) generalizations of the model to more realistic, higher-dimensional models; and (4) studies of predictability, in which artificial catalogs generated by the model are used to test and determine the limitations of pattern recognition algorithms used in seismology.
Development of a youth-report measure of DPN symptoms: Conceptualization and content validation
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Measurement
Self-report
Type 1 diabetes
Youth

description: © 2017 Aims To develop a content valid youth-report measure of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) symptoms. Methods Semi-structured interviews with 5 clinicians and 15 youth aged 8–17 with diabetes were conducted to elicit and clarify youth's DPN experiences. A systematic review of existing adult-report DPN symptom measures was conducted to identify item concepts representative of each experience. The concepts were transformed into items that were iteratively revised based on cognitive interviews (n = 13 youth aged 8–17) and readability analyses. Results Clinician and youth interviews supported a tripartite conceptual framework of youth DPN symptoms: paresthesia, pain, and anesthesia. Forty-eight youth-report items were generated to represent DPN symptoms identified through the semi-structured interviews and a systematic review of 13 symptom questionnaires for adults. Of these, 23 were eliminated and 3 were revised based on cognitive interviews conducted with youth. The remaining 25 items were on average, written at a 3rd grade reading level. Conclusions This study is the first to generate a content valid self-report measure of youth's lived experiences with DPN that uses developmentally appropriate terminology. With further psychometric testing, the measure could be used to advance research on pediatric DPN and enhance clinicians’ capacity to identify the condition in childhood.
Surface losses and self-pumping effects in a long Josephson junction - a semi-analytical approach
Creators: name: Jaworski, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flux-flow dynamics in a long Josephson junction is studied both analytically and numerically. A realistic model of the junction is considered by taking into account a nonuniform current distribution, surface losses and self-pumping effects. An approximate analytical solution of the modified sine-Gordon equation is derived in the form of a unidirectional dense fluxon train accompanied by two oppositely directed plasma waves. Next, some macroscopic time-averaged quantities are calculated making possible to evaluate the current-voltage characteristic of the junction. The results obtained by the present method are compared with direct numerical simulations both for the current-voltage characteristics and for the loss factor modulated spatially due to the self-pumping. The comparison shows very good agreement for typical junction parameters but indicates also some limitations of the method.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures