Gonatocerus Nees 1834, comb. n.
Creators: name: Triapitsyn, Serguei V.
name: Huber, John T.
name: Logarzo, Guillermo A.
name: Berezovskiy, Vladimir V.
name: Aquino, Daniel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mymaridae
Gonatocerus

description: Key to females of the Neotropical species groups, species subgroups, and described species of Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea)
[Not included in the key are G. (Cosmocomoidea) flagellaris (Ogloblin), G. (Cosmocomoidea) maculipennis (Ashmead) comb. n., and G. (Cosmocomoidea) rufescens (Ashmead) because they are known only from males]
1 Pronotum entire (masneri species group, known from Dominican Republic only) .................................................... 2
- Pronotum divided mediolongitudinally, the pronotal lobes abutting medially (ater species group, widespread) ....... 3
2(1) Funicle uniformly dark brown ...................................................................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) masneri Yoshimoto
- Funicle with at least F6 and F7 whitish .......................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) hispaniolus Triapitsyn & Huber sp. n.
3(1) Forewing disc densely and uniformly setose behind marginal and stigmal veins anterior to cubital row of setae (chusqueicolus subgroup of the ater species group, known only from the Andean forest zone in Argentina and Chile,
and one species [G. (Cosmocomoidea) cuscus Triapitsyn sp. n.] from the morrilli subgroup of the ater species group)............................................................................................................................................................................ 4 - Forewing disc either bare or with just a few setae behind marginal and stigmal veins, or at most sparsely setose anterior of cubital row of setae ........................................................................................................................................... 8
4(3) Petiole wider than long ................................................................................................................................................ 5
- Petiole longer than wide......................................................................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) cuscus Triapitsyn sp. n.
5(4) Ovipositor long (at least 2.0x length of mesotibia), markedly exserted beyond apex of gaster by at least 0.17 x own length............................................................................................................................................................................. 6
- Ovipositor short (at most 1.4x length of mesotibia), not or just barely exserted beyond apex of gaster by at most 0.1x own length .................................................................................................................................................................... 7
6(5) Antenna with funicle segments relatively longer (funicle length: clava length ratio at least 3.2:1)............................... .............................................................................................................. G. (Cosmocomoidea) chusqueicolus (Ogloblin)
- Antenna with funicle segments relatively shorter (funicle length: clava length ratio at most 3.0:1) ............................. ...................................................................................................................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) blesticus (Ogloblin)
7(5) Antenna with F2–F4 relatively shorter and F8 about as long as each of three preceding funicle segments (Figs 244, 245) ........................................................................................................ G. (Cosmocomoidea) carahuensis (Ogloblin)
- Antenna with F2–F4 relatively longer and F8 shorter than each of three preceding funicle segments (Fig. 457) ........ ................................................................................................................. G. (Cosmocomoidea) schajovskoii (Ogloblin)
8(3) Back of head with round or oval occipital sulcus reaching genal margin; gena appearing swollen posterior to constriction caused by occipital sulcus (best seen in lateral view or in slide-mounted specimens in frontal view, Figs 221, 238) (bucculentus subgroup of the ater species group) ....................................................................................... 9
- Back of head entire, without sulcus; gena appearing flat in lateral view and not swollen (in frontal view) in slidemounted specimens .................................................................................................................................................... 17
9(8) Forewing with cubital row of setae complete, extending to base of marginal vein (Figs 236, 296, 399, 441) ......... 10
- Forewing with cubital row of setae incomplete, not extending to base of marginal vein (at most a few setae just behind marginal and/or stigmal veins) ....................................................................................................................... 13
10(9)Forewing disc with a faint, diffuse brown band behind stigmal vein (Figs 396, 399) .................................................. ................................................................................................................ G. (Cosmocomoidea) nigriflagellum (Girault)
- Forewing disc without trace of brown band behind stigmal vein .............................................................................. 11
11(10)Pronotum white, strongly contrasting with dark brown rest of mesosoma ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................ G. (Cosmocomoidea) bucculentus Huber
- Pronotum dark brown, same color as rest of mesosoma ............................................................................................. 12
12(11)Antenna with F2 distinctly longer than F1 and with 1 or 2 mps; propodeum with submedian carinae converging and extending more than half median length of propodeum (Fig. 295) ........................................................................ .................................................................................................................. G. (Cosmocomoidea) dolichocerus Ashmead
- Antenna with F2 barely longer than F1 and without mps; propodeum with submedian carinae subparallel and extending distinctly less than half median length of propodeum (Fig. 440) .................................................................. .................................................................................................................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) quadrivittatus Dozier
13(9)Forewing with 1 or 2 irregular rows of setae just behind marginal and stigmal veins.............................................. 14
- Forewing without setae behind marginal vein, at most with 3 setae behind stigmal vein (Fig. 392) ............................. ........................................................................................................................ G. (Cosmocomoidea) nasutus (Ogloblin)
14(13)Head (except trabeculae) and mesosoma mostly yellow or sometimes with limited light brown areas ................. 15
- Head and mesosoma uniformly dark brown to black ................................................................................................ 16
15(14)Antenna with F1 longer than F2; F2 usually without mps .......................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) flagellatus Huber
- Antenna with F1 at most as long as F2; F2 usually with 1 mps .................. G. (Cosmocomoidea) inauditus (Ogloblin)
16(14)Back of head with occipital sulcus round, slightly wider than high, and distance to posterior margin of eye short. ................................................................................................................ G. (Cosmocomoidea) parcepilosus (Ogloblin)
- Back of head with occipital sulcus oval, slightly higher than wide, and distance to posterior margin of eye long (Fig. 221) ........................................................................................................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) bonariensis (Brèthes)
17(8)Propodeum distinctly sculptured between submedian and lateral carinae, either with transverse wrinkles or carinae or, occasionally, with a longitudinal row of punctures; petiole usually longer than wide (morrilli subgroup of the ater species group, part) .................................................................................................................................................... 18
- Propodeum smooth lateral to submedian carinae or, rarely, inconspicuous or very short (near petiole only); petiole usually wider than long (ater subgroup and some morrilli subgroup species of the ater species group) ................. 30
18(17)Antenna with one entirely white and one either entirely or partly white funicle segment, contrasting strongly with remaining funicle segments ....................................................................................................................................... 19
- Antenna with all funicle segments about the same color, without distinctly contrasting white or whitish segments 26
19(18)Antenna with one entirely white and one partly white funicle segment ................................................................. 20
- Antenna with two entirely white funicle segments .................................................................................................... 22
20(19)Antenna with F4 and apical half of F3 white; propodeum with a curved row of confluent punctures lateral to submedian carinae (Fig. 333), the latter meeting each other at dorsellum to form an enclosed, anteriorly pointed, median space .............................................................................................................. G. (Cosmocomoidea) helavai Yoshimoto
- Antenna with F6 and apical half of F5 white; propodeum without a curved row of confluent punctures lateral to submedian carinae but with several transverse rugae lateral to submedian carinae in posterior half only ..................... 21
21(20)Propodeum (Fig. 205) with median oval area bounded by submedian carinae relatively wide (about 2x as long as wide); gaster yellowish with a narrow transverse dark band on third gastral tergum; forewing disc bare behind venation except for 1 to 4 setae just behind stigmal vein .............................. G. (Cosmocomoidea) barbos Triapitsyn sp. n.
- Propodeum (Fig. 451) with median oval area bounded by submedian carinae extremely narrow (about 6x as long as wide); gaster generally darker, with a wide transverse dark band on second to fourth gastral terga; forewing disc with numerous setae behind middle and apex of marginal vein and also behind stigmal vein (Fig. 452) ............................ ............................................................................................................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) rakitovi Triapitsyn sp. n.
22(19)Forewing uniformly hyaline (Figs 185, 191), without basal brown spot just beyond venation ................................. ................................................................................................................ G. (Cosmocomoidea) annulicornis (Ogloblin)
- Forewing with a basal brown spot just beyond venation ........................................................................................... 23
23(22)Propodeum with median oval area bounded by submedian carinae relatively wide and distinctly wider anteriorly than posteriorly (Fig. 500) ..................................................................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) walkerjonesi Triapitsyn
- Propodeum with median oval area bounded by submedian carinae relatively narrow and either distinctly wider posteriorly than anteriorly or about equally wide posteriorly and anteriorly .................................................................. 24
24(23)Propodeum with median oval area bounded by submedian carinae distinctly wider posteriorly than anteriorly (Fig. 448) .............................................................................................................. G. (Cosmocomoidea) quirogai (Ogloblin)
- Propodeum with median oval area bounded by submedian carinae about as wide posteriorly as anteriorly (Figs 313, 380) ............................................................................................................................................................................. 25
25(24)Head and mesosoma mostly yellow with orange areas .............................. G. (Cosmocomoidea) morrilli (Howard)
- Head and mesosoma mostly brown .................................................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) gerasim Triapitsyn sp. n.
26(18)Forewing with a large oval brown spot in apical half of disc (measured from apex of venation), the spot not extending to anterior or posterior margins (Fig. 276) .................................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) coxalis (Ogloblin)
- Forewing not as above ................................................................................................................................................ 27
27(26)Forewing with cubital row of setae complete, extending to base of marginal vein, and numerous setae between marginal vein and cubital row (Figs 214, 466) .......................................................................................................... 28
- Forewing without cubital row of setae, at most a few setae just behind stigmal vein and apex of marginal vein (Figs 325, 328, 495) ............................................................................................................................................................ 29
28(27)Mesosoma with mesoscutum and scutellum orange yellow, contrasting with dark brown dorsellum and propodeum ............................................................................................................ G. (Cosmocomoidea) seminiger (Ogloblin)
- Mesosoma entirely dark brown ........................................................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) blefuscu Triapitsyn sp. n.
29(27)Antenna with F5 or F6 distinctly longer than wide and at most very slightly wider than F8 ..................................... ........................................................................................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) virlai Triapitsyn, Logarzo & de León
- Antenna with F5 or F6 barely longer than wide and notably (1.4x) wider than F8 ....................................................... ........................................................................................................................ G. (Cosmocomoidea) grandis (Ogloblin)
30(17)Forewing with cubital row of setae complete, extending to base of marginal vein, and additional setae between marginal vein and cubital row .................................................................................................................................... 31
- Forewing without cubital row of setae, at most a few setae just behind stigmal vein and apex of marginal vein .... 38
31(30)Forewing with a narrow brown band behind stigmal vein ...................................................................................... 32
- Forewing hyaline or at most with a diffuse brown cloud behind stigmal vein ........................................................... 34
32(31)Ovipositor long (Figs 254, 258), projecting at least slightly forward under propodeum and distinctly exserted beyond apex of gaster by at least 0.3x own length ........................................ G. (Cosmocomoidea) caudatus Ogloblin
- Ovipositor relatively shorter, not projecting forward under propodeum and either not exserted or, if so, by at most 0.25x own length......................................................................................................................................................... 33
33(32)Dorsellum length at least 0.33x its width ............................................ G. (Cosmocomoidea) nigrithorax (Ogloblin)
- Dorsellum very narrow, its length at most 0.17x its width ........................ G. (Cosmocomoidea) portoricensis Dozier
34(31)F5–F7 distinctly lighter than other funicle segments (Fig. 196); F8 about 1.3x as wide as long; clava at least 2.0x as wide as F8 ................................................................................................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) atriclavus Girault
- F5–F7 concolorous with other funicle segments; F8 longer than wide; clava at most 1.7x as wide as F8 ............... 35
35(34)Head and mesosoma mostly dark brown except for a distinct, well-defined yellow streak on mesosternum between each pro- and mesocoxae (Fig. 487) ..........................................................................................................................36
- Head and mesosoma mostly yellow, without a differently colored streak on mesosternum between each pro- and mesocoxae................................................................................................................................................................... 37
36(35)F1 usually with 2, rarely 1 mps (but smaller specimens from Argentina sometimes lacking mps); forewing notably infuscate beyond venation ...................................................................................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) uat Triapitsyn
- F1 without mps; forewing almost hyaline, at most with a faint, uniform brownish tinge .............................................. ........................................................................................................................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) ashmeadi Girault
37(35)F1 usually with 2, sometimes 1 mps ........................................................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) triguttatus Girault
- F1 lacking mps ......................................................................................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) metanotalis (Ogloblin)
38(30)Antenna with at least one funicle segment white, contrasting with remaining, brown, segments ......................... 39
- Antenna with all funicle segments about the same color ........................................................................................... 41
39(38)Antenna with one funicle segment (F6) white (Fig. 356) ................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) kiskis Triapitsyn sp. n.
- Antenna with at least two funicle segments white ...................................................................................................... 40
40(39)Antenna with F2, F3, and sometimes base of F4 white (F3 sometimes partially or completely brownish) .............. ................................................................................................................ G. (Cosmocomoidea) gracilicornis (Ogloblin)
– Antenna with F5–F7 white (Fig. 270) ........................................................ G. (Cosmocomoidea) concinnus (Ogloblin)
41(38)Antenna with base of main body of scape abruptly wider than apex of radicle (Fig. 353); forewing uniformly hyaline ................................................................................................................ G. (Cosmocomoidea) inflatiscapus Huber
- Antenna with base of main body of scape narrowing gradually to apex of radicle; forewing with more or less distinct dark area(s) beyond venation or more or less uniformly but distinctly infuscate ...................................................... 42
42(41)Forewing with approximately apical two thirds (measured from apex of venation) having a distinct brown band or spot ............................................................................................................................................................................. 43
- Forewing with approximately apical two thirds (measured from apex of venation) without a distinct brown band or spot, at most with uniform infuscation ....................................................................................................................... 46
43(42)Apical brown spot of forewing narrowing towards base of wing (Fig. 471) ............................................................. .................................................................................................................. G. (Cosmocomoidea) triangulifer (Ogloblin)
- Not exactly as above .................................................................................................................................................. 44
44(43)Mesosoma dark brown ........................................................................ G. (Cosmocomoidea) brachyurus (Ogloblin)
- Mesosoma yellow ...................................................................................................................................................... 45
45(44Antenna with F2 at least 2.0x as long as wide (Fig. 382); forewing with distal band well defined, relatively darker and more distinct basally (Fig. 385) ...................................................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) mumu Triapitsyn sp. n.
- Antenna with F2 at most 1.5x as long as wide (Figs 175, 178); forewing with distal band diffuse, more uniformly infuscate to apex of wing (Figs 177, 181) ............................................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) abbreviatus (Ogloblin)
46(42)Mesosoma pale to dark yellow ............................................................................................................................... 47
- Mesosoma dark brown ............................................................................................................................................... 48
47(46)Propodeum with submedian carinae notably widening from about middle of propodeum towards its anterior margin and extending almost to it but not joining each other at dorsellum (Fig. 305); forewing 3.1–3.4x as long as wide ........................................................................................................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) garchamp Triapitsyn sp. n.
- Propodeum with submedian carinae not significantly widening from about middle of propodeum towards its anterior margin and joining each other at dorsellum (Fig. 364); forewing 4.1–4.2 x as long as wide......................................... .............................................................................................................. G. (Cosmocomoidea) logarzoi Triapitsyn sp. n.
48(46)Forewing with a distinct brown spot just beyond apex of venation and at most with 3 setae behind stigmal vein (Fig. 419); propodeum with submedian carinae extending to posterior margin of dorsellum and uniting or almost uniting medially (Fig. 418) ......................................................................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) novifasciatus Girault
- Forewing with distinct or indistinct infumate spot beginning behind stigmal vein and at least with 7 setae behind stigmal vein and sometimes also behind marginal vein (Figs 289, 481); propodeum (Figs 287, 483) with submedian carinae not quite extending to posterior margin of dorsellum and not uniting medially (two described species of the G. (Cosmocomoidea) tuberculifemur (Ogloblin) complex; only males can be positively separated morphologically, see their respective diagnoses) ................................................................................................................................... 49
49(48)Scape light brown, more or less contrastingly lighter than pedicel and flagellum (Fig. 482); known only from its type locality in Pucará, Neuquén Province, Argentina [male with apex of apodeme of genital sternite blunt (Fig. 484)] .................................................................................................... G. (Cosmocomoidea) tuberculifemur (Ogloblin)
- Scape brown, not contrastingly lighter than pedicel and flagellum (Fig. 286); known only from General Alvear, Rama Caída, and San Rafael areas of Mendoza Province, Argentina [male with apex of apodeme of genital sternite more or less acute (Fig. 292)] ............................................ G. (Cosmocomoidea) deleoni Triapitsyn, Logarzo & Virla
description: Published as part of Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Huber, John T., Logarzo, Guillermo A., Berezovskiy, Vladimir V. & Aquino, Daniel A., 2010, Review of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Neotropical region, with description of eleven new species, pp. 1-243 in Zootaxa 2456 on pages 95-99, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.894928