cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
What Makes an Economy Productive and Progressive? What Are the Needed Institutions?
Creators: name: Nelson, Richard R.
name: Nelson, Richard R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: Institutions again have become the focus of the theorizing and empirical work of economists concerned with the determinants of economic growth, and of cross country differences in income levels. One central argument of this paper is that institutions and institutional change need to be understood as tightly intertwined with the technologies used in an economy, and with technological change. A second argument is that, in general, societies have very limited ability to design institutions that are effective, and that the processes of institutional reform work erratically.
Probing Fundamental Physics with Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: Carson, Zack
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The explosive coalescence of two black holes 1.3 billion light years away has for the very first time allowed us to peer into the extreme gravity region of spacetime surrounding these events. With these maximally compact objects reaching speeds up to 60% the speed of light, collision events such as these create harsh spacetime environments where the fields are strong, non-linear, and highly dynamical -- a place yet un-probed in human history. On September 14, 2015, the iconic chirp signal from such an event was registered simultaneously by both of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors -- by an unparalleled feat of modern engineering. Dubbed "GW150914", this gravitational wave event paved the way for an entirely new observing window into the universe, providing for the unique opportunity to probe fundamental physics from an entirely new viewpoint. Since this historic event, the LIGO/Virgo collaboration (LVC) has further identified ten additional gravitational wave signals in its first two observing runs, composed of a myriad of different events. Important among these new cataloged detections is GW170817, the first detection of gravitational waves from the merger of two neutron stars, giving way to new insight into the supranuclear physics resident within. This thesis explores this new unique opportunity to harness the information encoded within gravitational waves in regards to their source whence they came, to probe fundamental physics from an entirely new perspective. Part A focuses on probing nuclear physics by way of the tidal information encoded within gravitational waves from binary neutron star mergers. Part B focuses on testing general relativity from such events by way of the remnants of such spacetime encoded within the gravitational wave signal.
description: Ph.D. Thesis
Sensitivity of Cosmological Parameter Estimation to Nonlinear Prescription from Galaxy Clustering
Creators: name: Safi, Sarah
name: Farhang, Marzieh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Next generation large scale surveys probe the nonlinear regime with high resolution. Making viable cosmological inferences based on these observations requires accurate theoretical modeling of the mildly nonlinear regime. In this work we investigate the sensitivity of cosmological parameter measurements from future probes of galaxy clustering to the choice of nonlinear prescription up to $k_{\rm max}=0.3~h~\rm{Mpc}^{-1}$. In particular, we calculate the induced parameter bias when the mildly nonlinear regime is modeled by the Halofit fitting scheme. We find significant ($\sim5σ$) bias for some parameters with a future Euclid-like survey. We also explore the contribution of different scales to the parameter estimation for different observational setups and cosmological scenarios, compared for the two nonlinear prescriptions of Halofit and EFTofLSS. We include in the analysis the free parameters of the nonlinear theory and a blind parametrization for the galaxy bias. We find that marginalization over these nuisance parameters significantly boosts the errors of the standard cosmological parameters. This renders the differences in the predictions of the various nonlinear prescriptions less effective when transferred to the parameter space. More accurate modeling of these nuisance parameters would therefore greatly enhance the cosmological gain from the mildly nonlinear regime.
A deformation problem for Galois representations over imaginary quadratic fields
Creators: name: Berger, Tobias
name: Klosin, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F80, 11F12

description: We prove the modularity of minimally ramified ordinary residually reducible p-adic Galois representations of an imaginary quadratic field F under certain assumptions. We first exhibit conditions under which the residual representation is unique up to isomorphism. Then we prove the existence of deformations arising from cuspforms on GL_2(A_F) via the Galois representations constructed by Taylor et al. We establish a sufficient condition (in terms of the non-existence of certain field extensions which in many cases can be reduced to a condition on an L-value) for the universal deformation ring to be a discrete valuation ring and in that case we prove an R=T theorem. We also study reducible deformations and show that no minimal characteristic 0 reducible deformation exists.
description: 22 pages; v2: added section 5.3 (gives a criterion for the univ. def. ring to be a dvr). A slightly modified version of the article published in J. Inst. Math. Jussieu. A related but stronger result is available at the authors' webpages - see e.g. http://www.math.utah.edu/~klosin and use the link "An R=T theorem for imaginary quadratic fields" (published version to appear in Math. Annalen)
Self-tuned quantum dot gain in photonic crystal lasers
Creators: name: Strauf, S.
name: Hennessy, K.
name: Rakher, M. T.
name: Choi, Y. -S.
name: Badolato, A.
name: Andreani, L. C.
name: Hu, E. L.
name: Petroff, P. M.
name: Bouwmeester, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that very few (1 to 3) quantum dots as a gain medium are sufficient to realize a photonic crystal laser based on a high-quality nanocavity. Photon correlation measurements show a transition from a thermal to a coherent light state proving that lasing action occurs at ultra-low thresholds. Observation of lasing is unexpected since the cavity mode is in general not resonant with the discrete quantum dot states and emission at those frequencies is suppressed. In this situation, the quasi-continuous quantum dot states become crucial since they provide an energy-transfer channel into the lasing mode, effectively leading to a self-tuned resonance for the gain medium.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev
Pairing correlations in nuclei on the neutron-drip line
Creators: name: Hagino, K.
name: Sagawa, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Paring correlations in weakly bound nuclei on the edge of neutron drip line is studied by using a three-body model. A density-dependent contact interaction is employed to calculate the ground state of halo nuclei $^{6}$He and $^{11}$Li, as well as a skin nucleus $^{24}$O. Dipole excitations in these nuclei are also studied within the same model. We point out that the di-neutron type correlation plays a dominant role in the halo nuclei $^{6}$He and $^{11}$Li having the coupled spin of the two neutrons $S$=0, while the correlation similar to the BCS type is important in $^{24}$O. Contributions of the spin $S$=1 and S=0 configurations are separately discussed in the low energy dipole excitations.
description: 6 pages, 12 eps figures
Electromagnetic effects of neutrinos in an electron gas
Creators: name: Nieves, Jose' F.
name: Sahu, Sarira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the electromagnetic properties of a system that consists of an electron background and a neutrino gas that may be moving or at rest, as a whole, relative to the background. The photon self-energy for this system is characterized by the usual transverse and longitudinal polarization functions, and two additional ones which are the focus of our calculations, that give rise to birefringence and anisotropic effects in the photon dispersion relations. Expressions for them are obtained, which depend on the neutrino number densities and involve momentum integrals over the electron distribution functions, and are valid for any value of the photon momentum and general conditions of the electron gas. Those expressions are evaluated explicitly for several special cases and approximations which are generally useful in astrophysical and cosmological settings. Besides studying the photon dispersion relations, we consider the macroscopic electrodynamic equations for this system, which involve the standard dielectric and permeability constants plus two additional ones related to the photon self-energy functions. As an illustration, the equations are used to discuss the evolution of a magnetic field perturbation in such a medium. This particular phenomena has also been considered in a recent work by Semikoz and Sokoloff as a mechanism for the generation of large-scale magnetic fields in the Early Universe as a consequence of the neutrino-plasma interactions, and allows us to establish contact with a specific application in a well defined context, with a broader scope and from a very different point of view.
description: Revtex 20 pages
Big bang nucleosynthesis constraints on scalar-tensor theories of gravity
Creators: name: Coc, Alain
name: Olive, Keith A.
name: Uzan, Jean-Philippe
name: Vangioni, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate BBN in scalar-tensor theories of gravity with arbitrary matter couplings and self-interaction potentials. We first consider the case of a massless dilaton with a quadratic coupling to matter. We perform a full numerical integration of the evolution of the scalar field and compute the resulting light element abundances. We demonstrate in detail the importance of particle mass thresholds on the evolution of the scalar field in a radiation dominated universe. We also consider the simplest extension of this model including a cosmological constant in either the Jordan or Einstein frame.
description: 19 pages, 30 eps figures
Random walk on p-$adics in glassy systems
Creators: name: Lukierska-Walasek, K.
name: Topolski, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that p-adic analysis provides a quite natural basis for the description of relaxation in hierarchical glassy systems. For our purposes, we specify the Markov stochastic process considered by S. Albeverio and W. Karwowski. As a result we have obtained a random walk on p-adic integer numbers, which provide the generalization of Cayley tree proposed by Ogielski and Stein. The temperature-dependent power-law decay and the Kohlrausch law are derived.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Jahn-Teller distortion induced charge-ordering in CE phase of manganites
Creators: name: Dong, S.
name: Dai, S.
name: Yao, X. Y.
name: Wang, K. F.
name: Zhu, C.
name: Liu, J. -M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The charge order of CE phase in half-doped manganites is studied, based on an argument that the charge-ordering is caused by the Jahn-Teller distortions of MnO6 octahedra rather than Coulomb repulsion between electrons. The uantitative calculation on the ferromagnetic zigzag chain as the basic structure unit of CE phase within the framework of two-orbital double exchange model including Jahn-Teller effect is performed, and it is shown that the charge-disproportionation of Mn cations in the charge-ordered CE phase is less than 13%. In addition, we predict the negative charge-disproportionation once the Jahn-Teller effect is weak enough.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures(contained in the pdf file). submitted to Physical Review B
Höflinger, Hildegar, Die Erneuerung der evangelischen Einzelberichte
Creators: name: Mumm, Reinhard
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 21 Nr. 3 (1972): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 21, Heft 3
Heegaard diagrams and applications
Creators: name: Li, Zhongmou
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The main objective of this thesis is to study Heegaard diagrams and their applications. First, we investigate Heegaard diagrams of closed 3-manifolds and introduce the circle and chord presentation for a connected, closed 3-manifold. The equivalence problem for Heegaard diagrams after connected sum moves and Dehn twists will be investigated. Presentations will be used to detect reducible Heegaard diagrams and homeomorphic 3-manifolds. We also investigate Heegaard diagrams of the 3-sphere. The main result of this part is that if two Heegaard diagrams of the 3-sphere have the same genus, then there is a sequence of connected sum moves and Dehn twists to pass from one to the other. If we use connected sum moves only, Heegaard curves can be changed to primitive curves and if we use Dehn twists only Heegaard curves can be brought into a simple position. Finally, we construct an immersion of a compact, orientable, connected 3-manifold with non-empty boundary into R³ with at most double and triple points as singularities. Further, we prove that if the boundary of the 3-manifold consists of 2-spheres and the 3-manifold can immerse into R³ with only double points as singularities, then the 3- manifold must be a punctured 3-sphere or a punctured (S¹ x S²)# • • • #(S¹ x S²).
Study of W-exchange Mode $D^0 \to ϕ\bar K^0$
Creators: name: Du, Dong-Sheng
name: Li, Ying
name: Lü, Cai-Dian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the branching ratio of $D^0 \to ϕ\bar K^0$ decay using the so-called perturbation QCD approach based on $k_T$ factorization. Our result shows this branching ratio is $(8.7 \pm1.4)\times 10^{-3}$, which is consistent with experimental data. We hope the CLEO-C and BES-III can measure it more accurately, which will help us to understand QCD dynamics and $D$ meson weak decays.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Quantifying Privacy Leakage in Graph Embedding
Creators: name: Duddu, Vasisht
name: Boutet, Antoine
name: Shejwalkar, Virat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph embeddings have been proposed to map graph data to low dimensional space for downstream processing (e.g., node classification or link prediction). With the increasing collection of personal data, graph embeddings can be trained on private and sensitive data. For the first time, we quantify the privacy leakage in graph embeddings through three inference attacks targeting Graph Neural Networks. We propose a membership inference attack to infer whether a graph node corresponding to individual user's data was member of the model's training or not. We consider a blackbox setting where the adversary exploits the output prediction scores, and a whitebox setting where the adversary has also access to the released node embeddings. This attack provides an accuracy up to 28% (blackbox) 36% (whitebox) beyond random guess by exploiting the distinguishable footprint between train and test data records left by the graph embedding. We propose a Graph Reconstruction attack where the adversary aims to reconstruct the target graph given the corresponding graph embeddings. Here, the adversary can reconstruct the graph with more than 80% of accuracy and link inference between two nodes around 30% more confidence than a random guess. We then propose an attribute inference attack where the adversary aims to infer a sensitive attribute. We show that graph embeddings are strongly correlated to node attributes letting the adversary inferring sensitive information (e.g., gender or location).
description: 11 pages
On MHD jet production in the collapsing and rotating envelope
Creators: name: Proga, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from axisymmetric, time-dependent hydrodynamical (HD) and magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations of a gaseous envelope collapsing onto a black hole (BH). We consider gas with so small angular momentum that after an initial transient, the flow in the HD case, accretes directly onto a BH without forming a rotationally support torus. However, in the MHD case even with a very weak initial magnetic field, the flow settles into a configuration with four components: (i) an equatorial inflow, (ii) a bipolar outflow, (iii) polar funnel outflow, and (iv) polar funnel inflow. We focus our analysis on the second flow component of the MHD flow which represents a simple yet robust example of a well-organized inflow/outflow solution to the problem of MHD jet formation. The jet is heavy, highly magnetized, and driven by magnetic and centrifugal forces. A significant fraction of the total energy in the jet is carried out by a large scale magnetic field. We review previous simulations, where specific angular momentum was higher than that assumed here, and conclude that our bipolar outflow develops for a wide range of the properties of the flow near the equator and near the poles. Future work on such a simple inflow/outflow solution will help to pinpoint the key elements of real jets/outflows as well as help to interpret much more complex simulations aimed at studying jet formation and collapse of magnetized envelopes.
description: to appear in ApJ, revised version with new HD results
ISSUES IN REFORMING TARIFF-RATE IMPORT QUOTAS IN THE AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE IN THE WTO
Creators: name: De Gorter, Harry
name: Abbott, Philip C.
name: Barichello, Richard R.
name: Boughner, Devry S.
name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe
name: Choi, Jung-Sup
name: Coleman, Jonathan R.
name: Herrmann, Roland
name: Kramb, Marc Christopher
name: Sheldon, Ian M.
name: Liapis, Peter S.
name: MacLaren, Donald
name: Moennich, Christina
name: Morse, B. Adair
name: Skully, David W.
name: Sumner, Daniel A.
name: Tangermann, Stefan
name: De Gorter, Harry
name: Abbott, Philip C.
name: Barichello, Richard R.
name: Boughner, Devry S.
name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe
name: Choi, Jung-Sup
name: Coleman, Jonathan R.
name: Herrmann, Roland
name: Kramb, Marc Christopher
name: Sheldon, Ian M.
name: Liapis, Peter S.
name: MacLaren, Donald
name: Moennich, Christina
name: Morse, B. Adair
name: Skully, David W.
name: Sumner, Daniel A.
name: Tangermann, Stefan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Table of Contents: The Economics of Tariff Rate Quotas and the Effects of Trade Liberalization; TRQs and GATT Rules; An Overview of Tariffs, Quotas and Imports Worldwide; TRQs in the European Union; U.S. TRQs for Sugar, Tobacco and Peanuts; Dairy TRQs in the United States; Tariff Rate Quota Implementation and Administration by Developing Countries; Management of Tariff Rate Quotas in Korea and Japan; Tariff Rate Quota Administration in Canadian Agriculture; The Case of Australia and New Zealand Facing TRQs; The 1999 WTO Panel Report on the EU's Common Market Organization for Bananas; Assessment
Columnar and lamellar phases in attractive colloidal systems
Creators: name: de Candia, A.
name: Del Gado, E.
name: Fierro, A.
name: Sator, N.
name: Tarzia, M.
name: Coniglio, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In colloidal suspensions, the competition between attractive and repulsive interactions gives rise to a rich and complex phenomenology. Here, we study the equilibrium phase diagram of a model system using a DLVO interaction potential by means of molecular dynamics simulations and a thermodynamical approach. As a result, we find tubular and lamellar phases at low volume fraction. Such phases, extremely relevant for designing new materials, may be not easily observed in the experiments because of the long relaxation times and the presence of defects.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Effective mass in cavity QED
Creators: name: Larson, Jonas
name: Salo, Janne
name: Stenholm, Stig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider propagation of a two-level atom coupled to one electro-magnetic mode of a high-Q cavity. The atomic center-of-mass motion is treated quantum mechanically and we use a standing wave shape for the mode. The periodicity of the Hamiltonian leads to a spectrum consisting of bands and gaps, which is studied from a Floquet point of view. Based on the band theory we introduce a set of effective mass parameters that approximately describe the effect of the cavity on the atomic motion, with the emphasis on one associated with the group velocity and on another one that coincides with the conventional effective mass. Propagation of initially Gaussian wave packets is also studied using numerical simulations and the mass parameters extracted thereof are compared with those predicted by the Floquet theory. Scattering and transmission of the wave packet against the cavity are further analyzed, and the constraints for the effective mass approach to be valid are discussed in detail.
description: 16 pages, 15 figures, accepted in Phys Rev A
Universal Self-Similar Attractor in the Bending-Driven Leveling of Thin Viscous Films
Creators: name: Pedersen, Christian
name: Salez, Thomas
name: Carlson, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically and numerically the bending-driven leveling of thin viscous films within the lubrication approximation. We derive the Green's function of the linearized thin-film equation and further show that it represents a universal self-similar attractor at long times. As such, the rescaled perturbation of the film profile converges in time towards the rescaled Green's function, for any summable initial perturbation profile. In addition, for stepped axisymmetric initial conditions, we demonstrate the existence of another, short-term and one-dimensional-like self-similar regime. Besides, we characterize the convergence time towards the long-term universal attractor in terms of the relevant physical and geometrical parameters, and provide the local hydrodynamic fields and global elastic energy in the universal regime as functions of time. Finally, we extend our analysis to the non-linear thin-film equation through numerical simulations.
Organ-specific metastases obtained by culturing colorectal cancer cells on tissue-specific decellularized scaffolds
Creators: name: Zhang, Tian
name: Hanson, Ariel D.
name: Wauthier, Eliane L.
name: Herring, Laura E.
name: Caster, Joseph M.
name: Yu, Stephanie K.
name: Zhang, Longzhen
name: Foote, Henry P.
name: Warner, Samuel B.
name: Lara, Haydee
name: Roche, Kyle C.
name: Wang, Andrew Z.
name: Tepper, Joel E.
name: Tian, Xi
name: Copp, Jonathan A.
name: Werner, Michael E.
name: Hsu, David S.
name: Reid, Lola M.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2018

description:
Metastatic disease remains the primary cause of mortality in cancer patients. Yet the number of available in vitro models to study metastasis is limited by challenges in the recapitulation of the metastatic microenvironment in vitro, and by difficulties in maintaining colonized-tissue specificity in the expansion and maintenance of metastatic cells. Here, we show that decellularized scaffolds that retain tissue-specific extracellular-matrix components and bound signalling molecules enable, when seeded with colorectal cancer cells, the spontaneous formation of three-dimensional cell colonies that histologically, molecularly and phenotypically resemble in vivo metastases. Lung and liver metastases obtained by culturing colorectal cancer cells on, respectively, lung and liver decellularized scaffolds retained their tissue-specific tropism when injected in mice. We also found that the engineered metastases contained signet ring cells, which has not previously been observed ex vivo. A culture system with tissue-specific decellularized scaffolds represents a simple and powerful approach for the study of organ-specific cancer metastases.
Calculation of the microcanonical temperature for the classical Bose field
Creators: name: Davis, Matthew J.
name: Blakie, P. Blair
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ergodic hypothesis asserts that a classical mechanical system will in time visit every available configuration in phase space. Thus, for an ergodic system, an ensemble average of a thermodynamic quantity can equally well be calculated by a time average over a sufficiently long period of dynamical evolution. In this paper we describe in detail how to calculate the temperature and chemical potential from the dynamics of a microcanonical classical field, using the particular example of the classical modes of a Bose-condensed gas. The accurate determination of these thermodynamics quantities is essential in measuring the shift of the critical temperature of a Bose gas due to non-perturbative many-body effects.
description: revtex4, 10 pages, 1 figure. v2: updated to published version. Fuller discussion of numerical results, correction of some minor errors
Theory for magnetic-field-driven 3D metal-insulator transitions in the quantum limit
Creators: name: Zhao, Peng-Lu
name: Lu, Hai-Zhou
name: Xie, X. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metal-insulator transitions driven by magnetic fields have been extensively studied in 2D, but a 3D theory is still lacking. Motivated by recent experiments, we develop a scaling theory for the metal-insulator transitions in the strong-magnetic-field quantum limit of a 3D system. By using a renormalization-group calculation to treat electron-electron interactions, electron-phonon interactions, and disorder on the same footing, we obtain the critical exponent that characterizes the scaling relations of the resistivity to temperature and magnetic field. By comparing the critical exponent with those in a recent experiment [F. Tang et al., Nature (London) 569, 537 (2019)], we conclude that the insulating ground state was not only a charge-density wave driven by electron-phonon interactions but also coexisting with strong electron-electron interactions and backscattering disorder. We also propose a current-scaling experiment for further verification. Our theory will be helpful for exploring the emergent territory of 3D metal-insulator transitions under strong magnetic fields.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Relative hyperbolicity and relative quasiconvexity for countable groups
Creators: name: Hruska, G. Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65, 20F67

description: We lay the foundations for the study of relatively quasiconvex subgroups of relatively hyperbolic groups. These foundations require that we first work out a coherent theory of countable relatively hyperbolic groups (not necessarily finitely generated). We prove the equivalence of Gromov, Osin, and Bowditch's definitions of relative hyperbolicity for countable groups. We then give several equivalent definitions of relatively quasiconvex subgroups in terms of various natural geometries on a relatively hyperbolic group. We show that each relatively quasiconvex subgroup is itself relatively hyperbolic, and that the intersection of two relatively quasiconvex subgroups is again relatively quasiconvex. In the finitely generated case, we prove that every undistorted subgroup is relatively quasiconvex, and we compute the distortion of a finitely generated relatively quasiconvex subgroup.
description: 44 pages, 2 figures. Version 3 addresses some minor concerns of the referee regarding the exposition. To appear in AGT
DEVELOPING STUDENT-CENTERED TEACHING  AND LEARNING AT SCHOOL
Creators: name: Damirova, Gulshoda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article examines developing student-centered teaching and learning at school. The personality of a teacher is a complex structural formation, representing a system of values, meanings of life and professional activity. It is relevant and significant to study the abilities of a teacher as a subject of his own professional activity, which involves the relationship and interdependence of qualitative changes in the personality of the teacher himself and in the personality of his students, taking them into account when assessing the professionalism of a teacher. A future teacher has his own set of personal and professionally important abilities and qualities that make up personal and professional potentials, which are prerequisites for his success in his work.
THE IMPLICATIONS OF A NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AREA FOR AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Barichello, Richard R.
name: Bivings, Leigh
name: Carter, Colin A.
name: Josling, Timothy E.
name: Lindsey, Patricia J.
name: McCalla, Alex F.
name: Barichello, Richard R.
name: Bivings, Leigh
name: Carter, Colin A.
name: Josling, Timothy E.
name: Lindsey, Patricia J.
name: McCalla, Alex F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This is one of two papers commissioned by the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium on various aspects related to the agricultural sector of a prospective North American Free Trade Agreement. The companion paper to this one has been prepared by a working group chaired by Thomas Grennes, North Carolina State University. To minimize duplication with the Grennes paper, this paper has given greater attention to the general trade policy issues raised by a NAFTA, institutional factors, additional commodity detail in cereals, fruit and vegetables, and the relevance of other regional trade agreements such as the Canada-U.S. Trade Agreement. This work has also benefitted from an earlier report and its annexes, prepared for the Fraser Institute, under the direction of Tim Josling.
Sitting on the Domain Walls of N=1 Super Yang-Mills
Creators: name: Armoni, Adi
name: Hollowood, Timothy J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In pure N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills with gauge group SU(N), the domain walls which separate the N vacua have been argued, on the basis of string theory realizations, to be D-branes for the confining string. In a certain limit, this means that a configuration of k parallel domain walls is described by a 2+1-dimensional U(k) gauge theory. This theory has been identified by Acharya and Vafa as the U(k) gauge theory with 4 supercharges broken by a Chern-Simons term of level N in such a way that 2 supercharges are preserved. We argue further that the gauge coupling of the domain wall gauge theory goes like g^2 ~ Lambda/N, for large N. In the case of two domain walls, we show that the U(2) world-volume theory generates a quadratic potential on the Coulomb branch at two loops in perturbation theory which is consistent with there being a supersymmetric bound state of the two wall system. A mass gap of order Lambda/N is generated around the supersymmetric minimum and we estimate the size of the bound-state to be order Lambda/ \sqrt N. At large distance the potential reaches a constant that can qualitatively account for the binding energy of the two walls even though stringy effects are not, strictly speaking, decoupled.
description: 18 pages, LaTex. 6 figures
A comparison of coarse spaces for Helmholtz problems in the high frequency regime
Creators: name: Bootland, Niall
name: Dolean, Victorita
name: Jolivet, Pierre
name: Tournier, Pierre-Henri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solving time-harmonic wave propagation problems in the frequency domain and within heterogeneous media brings many mathematical and computational challenges, especially in the high frequency regime. We will focus here on computational challenges and try to identify the best algorithm and numerical strategy for a few well-known benchmark cases arising in applications. The aim is to cover, through numerical experimentation and consideration of the best implementation strategies, the main two-level domain decomposition methods developed in recent years for the Helmholtz equation. The theory for these methods is either out of reach with standard mathematical tools or does not cover all cases of practical interest. More precisely, we will focus on the comparison of three coarse spaces that yield two-level methods: the grid coarse space, DtN coarse space, and GenEO coarse space. We will show that they display different pros and cons, and properties depending on the problem and particular numerical setting.
Aymptotic analysis of interaction of a surface wave with two internal waves
Creators: name: Jamali, Mirmosadegh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The motion of a surface wave in a two-layer fluid can lead to generation of two internal waves through a resonance mechanism under certain circumstances. Two subjects related to this interaction are studied theoretically here. These are the behavior of the waves in threedimensional interaction when the density difference between the two layers is small, and the effect of a diffuse interface on the interaction. In the first study, the three-dimensional interaction of a surface wave with two oblique internal waves is analyzed asymptotically in an attempt to obtain simple approximate expressions for the growth rate as well as the kinematic properties of the internal waves. The non-dimensional density difference 8 is taken as a perturbation parameter, and the first few terms in the expansions of the desired quantities are derived. The results indicate that the internal-wave numbers are O(δ⁻¹), one order larger than the surface-wave number. Also, at leading order the internal wave frequencies are equal to ω₀/2, and the directions of the two internal waves differ by 180 . An important finding is that an immediate consequence of taking δ as a small parameter is that the internal waves become deep-water waves in both layers. According to the asymptotic analysis, the interaction coefficients α₁ and α₂ are 0(l) and are equal at leading order. The second study concerns the generation of two internal waves by a surface wave on a thin diffuse interface. As in the first analysis, the non-dimensional density difference δ is taken as a small perturbation parameter. In addition, it is assumed that the diffuse interface is small compared to the internal wavelengths by taking it to be order δ². A three-layer system admits two modes of internal wave motion, and similarly two modes of interaction are found possible through the analysis. These are interaction between a surface wave and two first mode internal waves, and interaction between a surface wave, a first-mode and a secondmode internal wave. It is shown that, contrary to the first mode, in the second mode of interaction the waves are not sub-harmonic to the surface wave. An important finding is that the growth rate in the first mode is higher than in the second. This implies that in a real situation the interaction between a surface wave and two first-mode internal waves has more chance to occur.
Morphogen Gradient from a Noisy Source
Creators: name: England, Jeremy L.
name: Cardy, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of time-dependent noise on the shape of a morphogen gradient in a developing embryo. Perturbation theory is used to calculate the deviations from deterministic behavior in a simple reaction-diffusion model of robust gradient formation, and the results are confirmed by numerical simulation. It is shown that such deviations can disrupt robustness for sufficiently high noise levels, and the implications of these findings for more complex models of gradient-shaping pathways are discussed.
description: Four pages, three figures
Jokwig, Franz, Der Weg der Laien auf das Landeskonzil der Russischen Orthodoxen Kirche Moskau 1917/18
Creators: name: Felmy, K. Christian
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 21 Nr. 3 (1972): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 21, Heft 3
Spectral investigation of solar energy absorption and light transmittance in a water/nanofluid-filled prismatic glass louver
Creators: name: Cai, Yaomin
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: The energy demand is vastly increasing recently due to population and economic growth, particularly in some fast-developing countries. Also, the enormous consumption of fossil fuels, such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas, produces much more greenhouse gas emissions, especially for carbon dioxide, than decades ago, which contributes a lot to global warming. In order to better solve these issues, the dissertation studies the radiation heat transfer in a new energy-saving device: a water-filled or nanofluid-filled prismatic louver, which can transmit sufficient visible solar light for natural illumination and harvest the most solar energy. The Ni-water nanofluid-filled prismatic glass louver was proposed to save energy consumptions in buildings since such innovative louvers can absorb the most solar energy, as well as improve daylighting quality rather than “block” visible sunlight, compared with traditional louvers or windows. To achieve this innovative technology, the effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) energy harvest and visible (VIS) light transmittance was investigated. The Monte Carlo ray tracing model was developed to simulate the collimated (direct) and diffuse solar radiation through the prismatic glass louver for solar energy harvesting and improved daylighting. Computational efficiency and accuracy were examined through intensive comparisons of different band partition approaches, various photon numbers, and element divisions. The influence of irradiation direction on solar energy harvest efficiency was scrutinized. Absorption and transmittance in UV, VIS, and IR band regimes as well as in filling liquid and glass were differentiated and compared, respectively. The 7-band spectral model for glass and water/Ni-water nanofluid was evaluated and adopted for several cases of solar spectra of air mass (AM) 1.0, AM1.5, AM2.0, and AM3.0 with both direct and diffuse irradiation. It also investigated the absorption and scattering efficiencies of nanoparticles (NPs) commonly used in solar energy research, including Ni, SiO_2, Fe_2 O_3, Al_2 O_3, TiO_2 and ZnO; and we found that Ni NPs are the most desirable due to an excellent balance between UV and IR absorption and VIS transmission. Then the influences of Ni NPs with different diameters and volume concentrations were analyzed. A dilute 0.00004 vol% Ni-water nanofluid with 80 nm diameter particles was found to absorb more solar energy and provide sufficient VIS for daylighting. A glass louver filled with such a Ni-nanofluid can transmit 46.5% solar VIS for daylighting and harvest 65.7% of the total solar energy under the AM1.5 model, which increases 25.9% as compared to pure water.
Categorical Semantics of Cyber-Physical Systems Theory
Creators: name: Bakirtzis, Georgios
name: Fleming, Cody H.
name: Vasilakopoulou, Christina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Cyber-physical systems require the construction and management of various models to assure their correct, safe, and secure operation. These various models are necessary because of the coupled physical and computational dynamics present in cyber-physical systems. However, to date the different model views of cyber-physical systems are largely related informally, which raises issues with the degree of formal consistency between those various models of requirements, system behavior, and system architecture. We present a category-theoretic framework to make different types of composition explicit in the modeling and analysis of cyber-physical systems, which could assist in verifying the system as a whole. This compositional framework for cyber-physical systems gives rise to unified system models, where system behavior is hierarchically decomposed and related to a system architecture using the systems-as-algebras paradigm. As part of this paradigm, we show that an algebra of (safety) contracts generalizes over the state of the art, providing more uniform mathematical tools for constraining the behavior over a richer set of composite cyber-physical system models, which has the potential of minimizing or eliminating hazardous behavior.
Quantum-limited Localisation and Resolution in Three Dimensions
Creators: name: Wang, Ben
name: Xu, Liang
name: Zhang, Lijian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a method to extract information from optical system, imaging can be viewed as a parameter estimation problem. The fundamental precision in locating one emitter or estimating the separation between two incoherent emitters is bounded below by the multiparameter quantum Cramer-Rao bound (QCRB).Multiparameter QCRB gives an intrinsic bound in parameter estimation. We determine the ultimate potential of quantum-limited imaging for improving the resolution of a far-field, diffraction-limited within the paraxial approximation. We show that the quantum Fisher information matrix (QFIm) about one emitter's position is independent on the true value of it. We calculate the QFIm of two unequal-brightness emitters' relative positions and intensities, the results show that only when the relative intensity and centroids of two point sources including longitudinal and transverse direction are known exactly, the separation in different directions can be estimated simultaneously with finite precision. Our results give the upper bounds on certain far-field imaging technology and will find wide applications from microscopy to astrometry.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Model order reduction with neural networks: Application to laminar and turbulent flows
Creators: name: Fukami, Kai
name: Hasegawa, Kazuto
name: Nakamura, Taichi
name: Morimoto, Masaki
name: Fukagata, Koji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the capability of neural network-based model order reduction, i.e., autoencoder (AE), for fluid flows. As an example model, an AE which comprises of a convolutional neural network and multi-layer perceptrons is considered in this study. The AE model is assessed with four canonical fluid flows, namely: (1) two-dimensional cylinder wake, (2) its transient process, (3) NOAA sea surface temperature, and (4) $y-z$ sectional field of turbulent channel flow, in terms of a number of latent modes, a choice of nonlinear activation functions, and a number of weights contained in the AE model. We find that the AE models are sensitive against the choice of the aforementioned parameters depending on the target flows. Finally, we foresee the extensional applications and perspectives of machine learning based order reduction for numerical and experimental studies in fluid dynamics community.
ตัวละครเอกชายในวรรณกรรมชุดไตรภาคเนะสุมิ กับทัศนคติต่อสังคมของมุระกะมิ ฮะรุก
Creators: name: ดุสิตา ปริญญาพล
Publisher: name: สมาคมญี่ปุ่นศึกษาแห่งประเทศไทย
Year: 2018
Subjects: มุระกะมิ ฮะรุกิ
ไตรภาคเนะสุมิ
เงื่อนปมในใจ
ดีแทชเมนท์

description: วารสารเครือข่ายญี่ปุ่นศึกษา, 8, พิเศษ, 71-83
ภาพลักษณ์ของสมณะและความเชื่อเกี่ยวกับพระพุทธศาสนาในนิทานเรื่องเล่า อุจิฌูอิ โมะโนะงะตะริ (Uji Sh?i Monogatari)
Creators: name: ยอดสวรรค์ อิกูจิ
Publisher: name: สมาคมญี่ปุ่นศึกษาแห่งประเทศไทย
Year: 2018
Subjects: นิทานเรื่องเล่า อุจิฌูอิ โมะโนะงะตะริ
ภาพลักษณ์ของสมณะ
นิกายเท็นดะอิ
นิกายฌิงงน
นิกายโจโดะ

description: วารสารเครือข่ายญี่ปุ่นศึกษา, 8, พิเศษ, 84-95
Convergence of multi-dimensional quantized $SDE$'s
Creators: name: Pagès, Gilles
name: Sellami, Afef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We quantize a multidimensional $SDE$ (in the Stratonovich sense) by solving the related system of $ODE$'s in which the $d$-dimensional Brownian motion has been replaced by the components of functional stationary quantizers. We make a connection with rough path theory to show that the solutions of the quantized solutions of the $ODE$ converge toward the solution of the $SDE$. On our way to this result we provide convergence rates of optimal quantizations toward the Brownian motion for $\frac 1q$-H\" older distance, $q>2$, in $L^p(¶)$.
description: 43 pages