cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Social Presence in Two Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs): A Multiple Case Study
Creators: name: Stranach, Matthew
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Education--Curriculum and Instruction
subject: Education--Higher
subject: Education--Technology
subject: MOOC
subject: Instructional design
subject: Community of Inquiry

description: The purpose of this study was to explore the role social presence plays within two Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) offered by two American institutions of higher education through the Canvas and Ed.X learning software consortia. Social presence is one of three presences that comprise Garrison and colleagues’ Community of Inquiry (CoI) conceptual framework (Garrison, Anderson & Archer, 2000; Garrison, 2013). Descriptive multiple case study methodology was used for the study, with data collected through surveys, individual interviews, focus group interviews, and discussion board postings. Findings show that, while participants in MOOCs felt comfortable expressing themselves “as real people” (a key indicator of social presence), the majority did not view themselves as being part of a community of learners within their respective courses. Overall, in both MOOCs, participants experienced social presence least among the three CoI presences. Participants in both MOOCs experienced social presence as it helped them to realize learning objectives (i.e., to successfully complete their respective courses). Social presence played a supportive role to cognitive presence. Factors affecting social presence included participants’ ability and/or willingness to direct their own learning, types of available technology, availability of time, and depth of course content. There were three implications for practice for MOOC designers and facilitators. The first implication is that leveraging students’ personal interests through course activities and content can help enhance social presence. The second implication is that making more varied use of the features and functionality of learning management software can afford students additional and better opportunities for social interaction. The third implication is that encouraging greater amounts and quality of collaboration through the design of assignments and other assessment and evaluation items can lead to improved social presence, and an enhanced educational experience overall. Further MOOC research should address different kinds of MOOCs than were studied as part of this research, and a greater number of MOOCs, and using different research methodologies, and including greater amounts of MOOC designer and instructor perspectives. Further research on different elements of the CoI model and the areas of overlap among the three CoI presences within MOOCs is also warranted.
Registration of 3D ultrasound to computed tomography images of the kidney
Creators: name: Xiang, Jing
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The integration of 3D computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) is of considerable interest because it can potentially improve many minimally invasive procedures such as robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Partial nephrectomy patients often receive preoperative CT angiography for diagnosis. The 3D CT image is of high quality and has a large field of view. Intraoperatively, dynamic real-time images are acquired using ultrasound. While US is real-time and safe for frequent imaging, the images captured are noisy and only provide a limited perspective. Providing accurate registration between the two modalities would enhance navigation and image guidance for the surgeon because it can bring the pre-operative CT into a current view of the patient provided by US. The challenging aspect of this registration problem is that US and CT produce very different images. Thus, a recurring strategy is to use preprocessing techniques to highlight the similar elements between the images. The registration technique presented here goes further by dynamically simulating an US image from the CT, and registering the simulated image to the actual US. This is validated on US and CT volumes of porcine phantom data. Validation on realistic phantoms remains an ongoing problem in the development of registration methods. A detailed protocol is presented here for constructing tissue phantoms that incorporate contrast agent into the tissue such that the kidneys appear representative of in vivo human CT angiography. Registration with 3D CT is performed successfully on the reconstructed 3D US volumes, and the mean TREs ranged from 1.8 to 3.5 mm. In addition, the simulation-based algorithm was revised to consider the shape of the US beam by using pre-scan converted US data. The corresponding CT image is iteratively interpolated along the direction of the US beam during simulation. The mean TREs resulting from registering the pre-scan US data and CT data were between 1.4 to 2.6 mm. The results show that both methods yield similar results and are promising for clinical application. Finally, the method is tested on a set of in vivo CT and US images of a partial nephrectomy patient, and the registration results are discussed.
The Impact of Multichannel and Multipole Effects on the Cooper Minimum in the High-Harmonics Spectrum of Argon
Creators: name: Pabst, Stefan
name: Greenman, Loren
name: Mazziotti, David A.
name: Santra, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relevance of multiple-orbital and multipole effects during high-harmonic generation (HHG). The time-dependent configuration-interaction singles (TDCIS) approach is used to study the impact of the detailed description of the residual electron-ion interaction on the HHG spectrum. We find that the shape and position of the Cooper minimum in the HHG spectrum of argon changes significantly whether or not interchannel interactions are taken into account. The HHG yield can be underestimated by up to 2 orders of magnitude in the energy regio of 30-50 eV. We show that the argument of low ionization probability is not sufficient to justify ignoring multiple-orbital contributions. Additionally, we find the HHG yield is sensitive to the nonspherical multipole character of the electron-ion interaction.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
HIST-AID: Leveraging Historical Patient Reports for Enhanced Multi-Modal Automatic Diagnosis
Creators: name: Huang, Haoxu
name: Deniz, Cem M.
name: Cho, Kyunghyun
name: Chopra, Sumit
name: Madaan, Divyam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Chest X-ray imaging is a widely accessible and non-invasive diagnostic tool for detecting thoracic abnormalities. While numerous AI models assist radiologists in interpreting these images, most overlook patients' historical data. To bridge this gap, we introduce Temporal MIMIC dataset, which integrates five years of patient history, including radiographic scans and reports from MIMIC-CXR and MIMIC-IV, encompassing 12,221 patients and thirteen pathologies. Building on this, we present HIST-AID, a framework that enhances automatic diagnostic accuracy using historical reports. HIST-AID emulates the radiologist's comprehensive approach, leveraging historical data to improve diagnostic accuracy. Our experiments demonstrate significant improvements, with AUROC increasing by 6.56% and AUPRC by 9.51% compared to models that rely solely on radiographic scans. These gains were consistently observed across diverse demographic groups, including variations in gender, age, and racial categories. We show that while recent data boost performance, older data may reduce accuracy due to changes in patient conditions. Our work paves the potential of incorporating historical data for more reliable automatic diagnosis, providing critical support for clinical decision-making.
description: In Proceedings of Machine Learning for Health
Matching the Spectral Energy Distribution and p Mode Oscillation Frequencies of the Rapidly Rotating Delta Scuti Star ? Ophiuchi with a 2D Rotating Stellar Model
Creators: name: Deupree, Robert G.
name: Castañeda, Diego
name: Peña, Fernando
name: Short, C. Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral energy distributions are computed using 2D rotating stellar models and NLTE plane parallel model atmospheres. A rotating, 2D stellar model has been found which matches the observed ultraviolet and visible spectrum of ? Oph. The SED match occurs for the interferometrically deduced surface shape and inclination, and is different from the SED produced by spherical models. The p mode oscillation frequencies in which the latitudinal variation is modelled by a linear combination of eight Legendre polynomials were computed for this model. The five highest and seven of the nine highest amplitude modes show agreement between computed axisymmetric, equatorially symmetric mode frequencies and the mode frequencies observed by MOST to within the observational error. Including nonaxisymmetric modes up through |m| = 2 and allowing the possibility that the eight lowest amplitude modes could be produced by modes which are not equatorially symmetric produces matches for 24 out of the 35 MOST modes to within the observational error and another eight modes to within twice the observational error. The remaining three observed modes can be fit within 4.2 times the observational error, but even these may be fit to within the observational error if the criteria for computed modes are expanded.
description: Accepted by ApJ
The Maritime Compromise: British and American Naval Co-operation, 1917-1919
Creators: name: Halewood, Louis
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: History--Military
subject: Royal Navy
subject: United States Navy
subject: First World War
subject: Naval Battle of Paris
subject: Naval History

description: Historians have portrayed the Anglo-American naval partnership during the Great War as a fleeting oddity. It began under the pressure of the German submarine campaign, endured through to victory, and rapidly collapsed. Even in 1917-1918, that relationship was dominated by rivalry. The natural product was the so-called ‘naval battle of Paris’ in 1919. In fact, this thesis demonstrates that between 1917-1919, the maritime relationship between these states always was characterised by co-operation and compromise, tempered by rivalry. This partnership was driven by the mutual aim of defeating Germany, and spurred by the exigencies of war. When that goal was accomplished, both Britain and the United States recognised in the other a useful partner in constructing a liberal post-war order. Consequently they worked together, postponing discussions over their naval differences so not to obstruct the Treaty of Versailles and the creation of a League of Nations. The failure of the peace caused naval rivalry, not the other way around.
Embracing open science principles to improve reproducibility in Environmental Data Science
Creators: name: Coca-Castro, Alejandro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This presentation is given by Alejandro Coca-Castro, Research Fellow in Environment & Sustainability at The Alan Turing Institute, to the FAIR in ML, AI Readiness, & Reproducibility RCN (FARR) network.
The presentation shares insights from the Turing Way and EDS book projects, both hosted and supported by the Alan Turing Institute, focused on the outcomes of the Climate Informatics Reproducibility Challenge. The videos/animations of winning and runner-up teams are included.
More information about FARR, a FAIR and Open Science Research Coordination Network, supported through NSF grant # 2226453, can be found on the website. 
Find out more about The Turing Way Project by looking at our start page or The Turing Way Book. 
For EDS book, please visit the Github project or website.
Searching for light higgsinos with b-jets and missing leptons
Creators: name: Bobrovskyi, S.
name: Brümmer, F.
name: Buchmuller, W.
name: Hajer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recently proposed class of supersymmetric models predicts rather light and nearly mass-degenerate higgsinos, while the other superparticles are significantly heavier. In this paper we study the early LHC phenomenology of a benchmark model of this kind. If the squarks and gluinos, and in particular the lighter stop, are still light enough to be within reach, then evidence for our model can be found in hadronic SUSY searches. Moreover, with dedicated searches it will be possible to distinguish the light higgsino model from generic SUSY models with a bino LSP. Search channels with b-jets and with isolated leptons play a crucial role for model discrimination.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures, 8 tables
Quantification of process-induced effects on fatigue life of short-glass-fiber-filled adhesive used in wind turbine rotor blades
Creators: name: Rosemeier, Malo
name: Holst, Tobias
name: Antoniou, Alexandros
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Cracks in the adhesive joints of wind turbine blades can often cause severe structural blade damage. Effects induced by the manufacturing process can have a significant impact on the cycle number toward crack initiation in the bonding material. This research compared two experimental series of neat adhesive, dog-bone-shaped specimens with different degrees of cure, fiber orientation, and porosity content, which were subjected to static and cyclic tension-tension loading. To enhance the comparability of the two coupon series, the experimental data was normalized. Normalization factors were introduced to compensate for the different properties of the two series. These factors were derived from correction models. After normalization, the S-N values of the two data series were in good agreement in the high-cycle fatigue regime. In the very-low-cycle fatigue regime, however, there was still a lack of agreement in some cases, including the static strength. Moreover, the failure mechanisms were investigated by analyzing images from the fracture surfaces and dedicated samples using X-ray microscopy. The correction models presented can be applied to estimate the design strength of adhesives. This knowledge can then be used to make rotor blade structures more resistant to crack initiation.
YSOVAR: Six pre-main-sequence eclipsing binaries in the Orion Nebula Cluster
Creators: name: Morales-Calderón, M.
name: Stauffer, J. R.
name: Stassun, K. G.
name: Vrba, F. J.
name: Prato, L.
name: Hillenbrand, L. A.
name: Terebey, S.
name: Covey, K. R.
name: Rebull, L. M.
name: Terndrup, D. M.
name: Gutermuth, R.
name: Song, I.
name: Plavchan, P.
name: Carpenter, J. M.
name: Marchis, F.
name: García, E. V.
name: Margheim, S.
name: Luhman, K. L.
name: Angione, J.
name: Irwin, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Eclipsing binaries (EBs) provide critical laboratories for empirically testing predictions of theoretical models of stellar structure and evolution. Pre-main-sequence (PMS) EBs are particularly valuable, both due to their rarity and the highly dynamic nature of PMS evolution, such that a dense grid of PMS EBs is required to properly calibrate theoretical PMS models. Analyzing multi-epoch, multi-color light curves for 2400 candidateOrion Nebula Cluster (ONC) members from our Warm Spitzer Exploration Science Program YSOVAR, we have identified 12 stars whose light curves show eclipse features. Four of these 12 EBs are previously known. Supplementing our light curves with follow-up optical and near-infrared spectroscopy, we establish two of the candidates as likely field EBs lying behind the ONC. We confirm the remaining six candidate systems, however, as newly identified ONC PMS EBs. These systems increase the number of known PMS EBs by over 50% and include the highest mass (Theta1 Ori E, for which we provide a complete set of well-determined parameters including component masses of 2.807 and 2.797 solar masses) and longest period (ISOY J053505.71-052354.1, P \sim 20 days) PMS EBs currently known. In two cases (Theta1 Ori E and ISOY J053526.88-044730.7), enough photometric and spectroscopic data exist to attempt an orbit solution and derive the system parameters. For the remaining systems, we combine our data with literature information to provide a preliminary characterization sufficient to guide follow-up investigations of these rare, benchmark systems.
description: Accepted by ApJ
Derivation of a Clinical Decision Guide in the Diagnosis of Cervical Facet Joint Pain
Creators: name: Schneider, Geoff Martin
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Surgery
subject: Rehabilitation and Therapy
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Cervical spine
subject: Clinical Decision Guide

description: Neck pain is a common problem presenting to health care professionals in a primary care setting. In particular, the facet joint has been implicated as a primary source of pain in 36% - 67% of people with persistent neck pain. The most internationally accepted criterion standard for the diagnosis of facet joint pain is comparative controlled injections of local anaesthetic onto the sensory nerve of the target facet joint. This procedure is invasive, costly, and is often associated with lengthy wait-times. Clinicians often apply findings from the patient history and physical examination prior to referral of their patients for diagnostic facet joint blocks. The diagnostic utility of the clinical examination has raised controversy in the literature. The purpose of this thesis was to derive a clinical decision guide in the diagnosis of cervical facet joint pain. Our research revealed that the manual spinal examination, palpation for segmental tenderness, and extension-rotation tests possess moderate to excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. Our research indicated that positive findings on all three clinical tests might be helpful for clinicians when attempting to identify patients who may respond positively to diagnostic facet joint blocks. Of interest, the manual spinal examination and palpation for segmental tenderness test may be useful screening procedures, as they possessed high sensitivity and low negative likelihood ratios. Future research, in independent samples, is needed to validate our findings or generate other decision guides that are optimal for clinicians to deliver high quality care for their patients with persistent neck pain.
Thirty Years of Cometary Spectroscopy from McDonald Observatory
Creators: name: Cochran, Anita L.
name: Barker, Edwin S.
name: Gray, Candace L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the results of a spectroscopic survey of 130 comets that was conducted at McDonald observatory from 1980 through 2008. Some of the comets were observed on only one night, while others were observed repeatedly. For 20 of these comets, no molecules were detected. For the remaining 110 comets, some emission from CN, OH, NH, C$_{3}$, C$_{2}$, CH, and NH$_{2}$ molecules were observed on at least one occasion. We converted the observed molecular column densities to production rates using a Haser (1957) model. We defined a restricted data set of comets that had at least 3 nights of observations. The restricted data set consists of 59 comets. We used ratios of production rates to study the trends in the data. We find two classes of comets: typical and carbon-chain depleted comets. Using a very strict definition of depleted comets, requiring C$_{2}$ \underline{and} C$_{3}$ to both be depleted, we find 9% of our restricted data set comets to be depleted. Using a more relaxed definition that requires only C$_{2}$ to be below a threshold (similar to other researchers), we find 25% of the comets are depleted. Two-thirds of the depleted comets are Jupiter Family comets, while one-third are Long Period comets. 37% of the Jupiter Family comets are depleted, while 18.5% of the Long Period comets are depleted. We compare our results with other studies and find good agreement.
description: Accepted for Icarus; 15 figures, 9 tables (some multi-page and in landscape mode)
Influence of baryons on spatial distribution of matter: higher order correlation functions
Creators: name: Zhu, Xiaojun
name: Pan, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Baryonic physical processes could leave non-negligible imprint on cosmic matter distribution pattern. Series of high precision simulation data sets with identical initial condition are employed for count-in-cell (CIC) analysis, including one N-body dark matter run, one with adiabatic gas only and one with dissipative processes. Variances and higher order correlation functions of dark matter and gas are estimated. It is found that baryon physical processes mainly affected dark matter distribution at scales less than $1h^{-1}$Mpc. In comparison with the pure dark matter run, adiabatic process alone strengthens variance of dark matter by \sim 10% at scale $0.1h^{-1}$Mpc, while $S_n$s of dark matter deviate from pure dark matter case only mildly at a few percentages. Dissipative gas run does not differ much to the adiabatic run in dark matter variance, but renders significantly different $S_n$ parameters of dark matter, bringing about more than 10% enhancement to $S_3$ at $0.1h^{-1}$Mpc and $z=0$. Distribution patterns of gas in two hydrodynamical simulations are prominently different. Variance of gas at $z=0$ decreases by $\sim 30%$ in adiabatic simulation while by $\sim 60%$ in non-adiabatic simulation at $0.1h^{-1}$Mpc, the attenuation is weaker at larger scales but still obvious at $\sim 10h^{-1}$Mpc. $S_n$ parameters of gas are biased upward at scales $< \sim 4h^{-1}$Mpc, dissipative processes give $\sim 84%$ promotion at $z=0$ to $S_3$ at $0.1h^{-1}$Mpc against the moderate $\sim 7%$ in adiabatic simulation. The clustering segregation we observed between gas and dark matter could have intricate implication on modeling galaxy distribution and relevant cosmological application demanding fine details of matter distribution in strongly nonlinear regime.
description: 10 pages, 5 figs; submitted to RAA
PHOENIX-OITB – A single entry point to develop and upgrade innovative nanopharmaceuticals
Creators: name: Scheper, Johanna
name: Cordoba, Alba
name: Padrós, Ariadna
name: Ventosa, Nora
name: De la Fuente, Jesus M.
name: Vinković Vrček, Ivana
name: Bauer, Hannes
name: Srinivas, Mangala
name: Fleischer, Sabine
name: Holzer, Robert
name: Serchi, Tommaso
name: Günday-Türeli, Nazende
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: nanopharmaceuticals
OITB
GMP

description: The PHOENIX Open Innovation Test Bed (PHOENIX-OITB) is focused on overcoming the challenges of production of novel and innovative nanopharmaceuticals (NPs) from lab scale to GMP quality and production, maximising bioavailability, stability and manufacturing to allow their implementation in the medicine field.
 PHOENIX-OITB is a non-profit, open and self-sustaining legal entity that works as a Single-Entry-Point (SEP) providing its end-users transparent processes and procedures as well as easy access to services and expertise needed to bridge the gap between the bench and the bedside, i.e., providing them with high-quality services, capable of Quality-Efficacy and Safety (QES) evaluation and production of nanopharmaceuticals at large scales meeting the regulatory and GMP requirements.
Unprejudiced Look at Effective Continuum Thresholds in Borel Dispersive Sum Rules
Creators: name: Lucha, Wolfgang
name: Melikhov, Dmitri
name: Simula, Silvano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dispersive sum rules constitute long-standing tools for extracting hadron features from QCD. We estimate the systematic uncertainties induced by assuming quark-hadron duality and improve the accuracy of the resulting predictions by elevating the effective thresholds involved in this approximation from constants to functions of momenta and a parameter entering upon Borel transformation. A rigorous scrutiny of the applicability of our proposed sum-rule modifications to QCD gives us great confidence that our sum-rule alterations will prove to be fruitful for hadron phenomenology.
description: contributed to the "XIV International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy", 13 - 17 June 2011, Munich, Germany, to appear in the proceedings
Strong interaction induced dimensional crossover in 1D quantum gas
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhongchi
name: Zhao, Zihan
name: Wang, Huaichuan
name: Deng, Ken
name: Liu, Yuqi
name: Chen, Wenlan
name: Hu, Jiazhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generated a one-dimensional quantum gas confined in an elongated optical dipole trap instead of 2D optical lattices. The sample, comprising thousands of atoms, spans several hundred micrometers and allows for independent control of temperature and chemical potential using Feshbach resonance. This allows us to directly observe and investigate the spatial distribution and associated excitation of 1D quantum gas without any ensemble averaging. In this system, we observed that the dimension of 1D gas will be popped up into 3D due to strong interaction without changing any trapping confinement. During the dimensional crossover, we found that increasing the scattering length leads to the failure of 1D theories, including 1D mean field, Yang-Yang equation, and 1D hydrodynamics. Specifically, the modified Yang-Yang equation effectively describes this 1D system at temperatures beyond the 1D threshold, but it does not account for the effects of stronger interactions. Meanwhile, we observe two possible quantized plateaus of breathing-mode oscillation frequencies predicted by 1D and 3D hydrodynamics, corresponding to weak and strong interactions respectively. And there is also a universal crossover connecting two different regimes where both hydrodynamics fail.
Searching for Nodes in Random Graphs
Creators: name: Lancaster, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of searching for a node on a labelled random graph according to a greedy algorithm that selects a route to the desired node using metric information on the graph. Motivated by peer-to-peer networks two types of random graph are proposed with properties particularly amenable to this kind of algorithm. We derive equations for the probability that the search is successful and also study the number of hops required, finding both numerical and analytic evidence of a transition as the number of links is varied.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
Hardy-Rellich inequalities and the critical dimension of fourth order nonlinear elliptic eigenvalue problems
Creators: name: Moradifam, Amir
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis consists of three parts and manuscripts of seven research papers studying improved Hardy and Hardy-Rellich inequalities, nonlinear eigenvalue problems, and simultaneous preconditioning and symmetrization of linear systems. In the first part that consists of three research papers we study improved Hardy and Hardy-Rellich inequalities. In sections 2 and 3, we give necessary and sufficient conditions on a pair of positive radial functions V and W on a ball B of radius R in Rn, n ≥ 1, so that the following inequalities hold for all u \in C_{0}^{\infty}(B): \begin{equation*} \label{one} \hbox{$\int_{B}V(x)|\nabla u²dx \geq \int_{B} W(x)u²dx,} \end{equation*} \begin{equation*} \label{two} \hbox{$\int_{B}V(x)|\Delta u|²dx \geq \int_{B} W(x)|\nabla %%@ u|^²dx+(n-1)\int_{B}(\frac{V(x)}{|x|²}-\frac{V_r(|x|)}{|x|})|\nabla u|²dx. \end{equation*} This characterization makes a very useful connection between Hardy-type inequalities and the oscillatory behavior of certain ordinary differential equations. This allows us to improve, extend, and unify many results about Hardy and Hardy-Rellich type inequalities. In section 4, with a similar approach, we present various classes of Hardy-Rellich inequalities on H²\cap H¹₀ The second part of the thesis studies the regularity of the extremal solution of fourth order semilinear equations. In sections 5 and 6 we study the extremal solution u_{\lambda^*}$ of the semilinear biharmonic equation $\Delta² u=\frac{\lambda}{(1-u)², which models a simple Micro-Electromechanical System (MEMS) device on a ball B\subset R^N, under Dirichlet or Navier boundary conditions. We show that u* is regular provided N ≤ 8 while u_{\lambda^*} is singular for N ≥ 9. In section 7, by a rigorous mathematical proof, we show that the extremal solutions of the bilaplacian with exponential nonlinearity is singular in dimensions N ≥ 13. In the third part, motivated by the theory of self-duality we propose new templates for solving non-symmetric linear systems. Our approach is efficient when dealing with certain ill-conditioned and highly non-symmetric systems.
I/Q Imbalance Compensation in Quadrature Modulators
Creators: name: Bhardwaj, Aparna Bhisham Chander
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2016
Subjects: Engineering--Electronics and Electrical

description: Transmitter architectures in radio and wireless communications are highly susceptible to gain and phase imbalances triggered by the analog quadrature modulator. An efficient yet, simple adaptive approach for estimating these impairments has been proposed comparing the instantaneous powers of the output and input signal without interrupting the transmission mode using a batch-gradient descent algorithm. The proposed methodology is tested for different values of I/Q imbalances and different batch-size in both simulations and on hardware platform. The technique shows a significant suppression of image with an image to signal ratio as low as 50 dB for a batch-size as low as 1000-1500 with the inclusion of noise (Signal-to-noise ratio = 60 dB). The simulation and hardware results at a carrier frequency of 2.14 GHz validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results have been compared with a state-of-the-art method in literature and show improved results, robustness with lesser computational complexity.
Alpha-ketoglutarate partially alleviates effects of high-fat high-fructose diet in mouse muscle
Creators: name: Vatashchuk, Myroslava V.
name: Bayliak, Maria M.
name: Hurza, Viktoriia V.
name: Demianchuk, Oleh I.
name: Gospodaryov, Dmytro V.
name: Lushchak, Volodymyr I.
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: high-fat high-fructose diet
mouse
energy metabolism
glycolysis
lipotoxicity

description: Consumption of high-calorie diets leads to excessive accumulation of storage lipids in adipose tissue. Metabolic changes occur not only in adipose tissue but in other tissues, too, such as liver, heart, muscle, and brain. This study aimed to explore the effects of high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD) alone and in the combination with alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), a well-known cellular metabolite, on energy metabolism in the skeletal muscle of C57BL/6J mice. Five-month-old male mice were divided into four groups – the control one fed a standard diet (10 % kcal fat), HFFD group fed a high-fat high-fructose diet (45 % kcal fat, 15 % kcal fructose), AKG group fed a standard diet with 1 % sodium AKG in drinking water, and HFFD + AKG group fed HFFD and water with 1 % sodium AKG. The dietary regimens lasted 8 weeks. Mice fed HFFD had higher levels of storage triacylglycerides, lower levels of glycogen, and total water-soluble protein, and higher activities of key glycolytic enzymes, namely hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase, as compared with the control group. The results suggest that muscles of HFFD mice may suffer from lipotoxicity. In HFFD + AKG mice, levels of the metabolites and activities of glycolytic enzymes did not differ from the respective values in the control group, except for the activity of pyruvate kinase, which was significantly lower in HFFD + AKG group compared with the control. Thus, metabolic changes in mouse skeletal muscles, caused by HFFD, were alleviated by AKG, indicating a protective role of AKG regarding lipotoxicity.
description: EXCLI Journal; 22:Doc1264; ISSN 1611-2156
In-medium Properties of η' Meson
Creators: name: TAPS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Crystal Barrel(CB)/TAPS detector system at the ELSA accelerator facility in Bonn the η' photoproduction off nuclei (C, Ca, Nb and Pb) was studied via the hadronic decay channel η' -> π^0π^0η. Recent results on the in-medium properties of the η'-meson, derived from the transparency ratio measurements, are presented. The absorption of the η'-meson in nuclear matter is compared to the properties of other mesons (η, ω).
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, Talk at International School of Nuclear Physics,33rd Course: From Quarks and Gluons to Hadrons and Nuclei, Erice-Sicily, Sept. 16-24, 2011
Mathematics Anxiety Learning Phenomenon: Adult Learner’s Lived Experience and its Implications for Developmental Mathematics Instruction
Creators: name: Yuen, Chris
Publisher: name: Education
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Adult and Continuing
subject: Curriculum and Instruction
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Math Anxiety
subject: Developmental Math
subject: Math Instruction
subject: adult learning
subject: Integral Theory

description: Previous studies of mathematics anxiety tend to focus on the objective and interobjective data of individual learner’s behaviors. Using Wilber’s Integral Model to identify gaps in research literature, this dissertation examined the life history of six anxious adult learners. The lived experience data from interviews and journal writing collectively disclosed the nature of Mathematics Anxiety Learning Phenomenon (MALP) at left-hand quadrants (subjective and intersubjective), responding to five research questions: (1) What are the learner’s personal beliefs on learning mathematics, on their own abilities in learning mathematics, and on what constitutes mathematics in their eyes? When grouped with other individuals, how do they interact in the learning environment? (2) What are the roadblocks that prevent a learner to succeed in mathematics? What are the manifestations of these roadblocks? (3) What are the underlying cultural beliefs in MALP, and how is the culture passed on to others and is perpetuated within and outside of the classroom? (4) What are the social norms when learners are supporting each other? What is the identity of an adult learner in the mathematics education community? What role does the learner play in the mathematics education discourse? (5) Based on the above, what could one disclose as an integral perspective about MALP and how it is cyclical and perpetual? The data and thematic analyses disclosed MALP through all quadrants of the Integral Model, revealing that MALP is a cyclical and possibly perpetual phenomenon by festering and amplifying anxiety through episodes of learning school mathematics. Findings were consistent with Knowles’ andragogy, showing mathematics anxiety to be a cumulative experience upon which learners retrieve and rely to cope with negativity toward learning. Data were compared to Givvin et al.’s (2011) hypothetical model on how college students learn developmental mathematics. The results demonstrated different paths to anxiety between two types of learners: behavioral (driven by prescribed steps and procedures) versus conceptual (driven by problem solving and logical reasoning). Inspired by Dehaene’s (2011) idea of overcoming nature’s shortcoming in mathematical abilities through intensive nurturing, the dissertation shapes five instructional implications to foster an integral approach to mathematics education.
Magnetic properties and revisited exchange integrals of the frustrated chain cuprate PbCuSO$_4$(OH)$_2$ - linarite
Creators: name: Wolter, A. U. B.
name: Lipps, F.
name: Schäpers, M.
name: Drechsler, S. -L.
name: Nishimoto, S.
name: Vogel, R.
name: Kataev, V.
name: Büchner, B.
name: Rosner, H.
name: Schmitt, M.
name: Uhlarz, M.
name: Skourski, Y.
name: Wosnitza, J.
name: Süllow, S.
name: Rule, K. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed study in the paramagnetic regime of the frustrated $s$ = 1/2 spin-compound linarite, PbCuSO$_4$(OH)$_2$, with competing ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor and antiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor exchange interactions. Our data reveal highly anisotropic values for the saturation field along the crystallographic main directions, with $\sim$ 7.6, $\sim$ 10.5 and $\sim$ 8.5\,T for the $a$, $b$, and $c$ axes, respectively. In the paramagnetic regime, this behavior is explained mainly by the anisotropy of the \textit{g}-factor but leaving room for an easy-axis exchange anisotropy. Within the isotropic $J_1$-$J_2$ spin model our experimental data are described by various theoretical approaches yielding values for the exchange interactions $J_1$ $\sim$ -100\,K and $J_2$ $\sim$ 36\,K. These main intrachain exchange integrals are significantly larger as compared to the values derived in two previous studies in the literature and shift the frustration ratio $α= J_2/|J_1|$ $\approx$ 0.36 of linarite closer to the 1D critical point at 0.25. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements further prove that the static susceptibility is dominated by the intrinsic spin susceptibility. The Knight shift as well as the broadening of the linewidth in ESR and NMR at elevated temperatures indicate a highly frustrated system with the onset of magnetic correlations far above the magnetic ordering temperature $T_\mathrm{N}$ = 2.75(5)\,K, in agreement with the calculated exchange constants.
description: 18 pages, 18 figures
Chiral phase transitions and quantum critical points of the D3/D7(D5) system with mutually perpendicular E and B fields at finite temperature and density
Creators: name: Evans, Nick
name: Kim, Keun-Young
name: Shock, Jonathan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study chiral symmetry restoration with increasing temperature and density in gauge theories subject to mutually perpendicular electric and magnetic fields using holography. We determine the chiral symmetry breaking phase structure of the D3/D7 and D3/D5 systems in the temperature-density-electric field directions. A magnetic field may break the chiral symmetry and an additional electric field induces Ohm and Hall currents as well as restoring the chiral symmetry. At zero temperature the D3/D5 system displays a line of holographic BKT phase transitions in the density-electric field plane, while the D3/D7 system shows a mean-field phase transition. At intermediate temperatures, the transitions in the density-electric field plane are of first order at low density, transforming to second order at critical points as density rises. At high temperature the transition is only ever first order.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, v2: Added a reference
Supersymmetric mass spectra and the seesaw type-I scale
Creators: name: Arbeláez, Carolina
name: Hirsch, Martin
name: Reichert, Laslo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate supersymmetric mass spectra with cMSSM boundary conditions and a type-I seesaw mechanism added to explain current neutrino data. Using published, estimated errors on SUSY mass observables for a combined LHC+ILC analysis, we perform a theoretical $χ^2$ analysis to identify parameter regions where pure cMSSM and cMSSM plus seesaw type-I might be distinguishable with LHC+ILC data. The most important observables are determined to be the (left) smuon and selectron masses and the splitting between them, respectively. Splitting in the (left) smuon and selectrons is tiny in most of cMSSM parameter space, but can be quite sizeable for large values of the seesaw scale, $m_{SS}$. Thus, for very roughly $m_{SS} \ge 10^{14}$ GeV hints for type-I seesaw might appear in SUSY mass measurements. Since our numerical results depend sensitively on forecasted error bars, we discuss in some detail the accuracies, which need to be achieved, before a realistic analysis searching for signs of type-I seesaw in SUSY spectra can be carried out.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures
Insights into the Functional Link between MtHsp40:MtHsp70 Network and Mitochondrial Homeostasis
Creators: name: Lee, Byoung Chun
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biology--Cell
subject: Mitochondria
subject: mtHsp40
subject: mtHsp70
subject: Chaperone

description: Mitochondrial apoptosis, morphology and function can be modulated by the activity of mitochondrial chaperones including mtHsp40 and mtHsp70. We found that both overexpression and depletion of mtHsp40 reversibly changed mitochondrial morphology from tubular network to fragmented puncta, in a process known as mitochondrial fragmentation, which was not coupled with apoptosis. Using domain deletion mutant constructs, we determined that mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) and DnaJ domain of mtHsp40 were required for mitochondrial fragmentation. Both inhibition and loss of mtHsp70 also caused mitochondrial fragmentation. Ectopic expression of mtHsp70, with the exception of substrate binding domain-deletion mutant, did not affect mitochondrial morphology. These data suggest that the stoichiometric ratio between mtHsp40 and mtHsp70 determines mitochondrial morphology independently of apoptosis. Mitochondrial fragmentation resulting from the imbalance between mtHsp40 and mtHsp70 was dependent on DRP1 level, but mitochondrial translocation of DRP1 was not detected in fragmented mitochondria. In addition, OPA1 short-isoform highly accumulated in fragmented mitochondria, suggesting that ratio between mtHsp40 and mtHsp70 is a determinant of OPA1 cleavage, which in turn determines mitochondrial morphology. Imbalance between mtHsp40 and mtHsp70 led to dramatic crista remodeling which enhances cancer cell sensitivity to drug-induced apoptosis, and lowered both ATP production and oxygen consumption rate in fragmented mitochondria, which resulted in cell-growth retardation. Collectively, we propose that perturbations of mtHsp40:mtHsp70 network might reduce their own activity, which causes OPA1 cleavage and mitochondrial fragmentation depending on DRP1 located in mitochondria, leading to mitochondrial innermembrane remodeling, indicating the apoptosis-independent coupling between mitochondrial homeostasis and mtHsp40:mtHsp70 network.
Observation of a Free-Shercliff-Layer Instability in Cylindrical Geometry
Creators: name: Roach, Austin
name: Spence, Erik
name: Gissinger, Christophe
name: Edlund, Eric
name: Sloboda, Peter
name: Goodman, Jeremy
name: Ji, Hantao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on observations of a free-Shercliff-layer instability in a Taylor-Couette experiment using a liquid metal over a wide range of Reynolds numbers, $Re\sim 10^3-10^6$. The free Shercliff layer is formed by imposing a sufficiently strong axial magnetic field across a pair of differentially rotating axial endcap rings. This layer is destabilized by a hydrodynamic Kelvin-Helmholtz-type instability, characterized by velocity fluctuations in the $r-θ$ plane. The instability appears with an Elsasser number above unity, and saturates with an azimuthal mode number $m$ which increases with the Elsasser number. Measurements of the structure agree well with 2D global linear mode analyses and 3D global nonlinear simulations. These observations have implications for a range of rotating MHD systems in which similar shear layers may be produced.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Diagonal composite order in two-channel Kondo lattice
Creators: name: Hoshino, Shintaro
name: Otsuki, Junya
name: Kuramoto, Yoshio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel type of symmetry breaking is reported for the two-channel Kondo lattice where conduction electrons have spin and orbital (channel) degrees of freedom. Using the continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo and the dynamical mean-field theory, a spontaneous breaking of the orbital symmetry is observed. The tiny breakdown of orbital occupation number, however, vanishes if the conduction electrons have the particle-hole symmetry. The proper order parameter instead is identified as a composite quantity representing the orbital-selective Kondo effect. The single-particle spectrum of the selected orbital shows insulating property, while the other orbital behaves as Fermi liquid. This composite order is the first example of odd-frequency order other than off-diagonal order (superconductivity), and is a candidate of hidden order in $f$-electron systems.
description: 5pages, 4figures
Coyote (Canis latrans) occurrence relative to human use on Glenbow Ranch Provincial Park, Alberta
Creators: name: Lantz, Jamie
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Geography
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: coyote
subject: Canis latrans
subject: Human-coyote co-occurrence
subject: Remotely-triggered cameras
subject: Scat surveys
subject: Spatio-temporal analysis
subject: Multi-use park
subject: Non-invasive methods

description: Although coyote (Canis latrans) attacks in Canada are rare, they tend to fuel lethal action. However, killing coyotes is ineffective for reducing long-term conflict and is ecologically destructive. Thus, coexistence is crucial. Understanding how humans and coyotes share the landscape is important to help mitigate conflict. I explored human-coyote co-occurrence in Glenbow Ranch Provincial Park, Alberta between June 2014 and June 2015. Cameras and scat surveys collected data on high and low human use trails. These two methods detected coyote occurrence equally on both trail types as well as across seasons. On all trail types coyote occurrence was greatest during the winter (versus fall and summer), dispersal season (versus the weaning season) and nighttime and daytime (versus the twilight periods). Coyote occurrence significantly decreased on trails when cyclists, vehicles and prey were present. In contrast, coyote occurrence increased when coyote(s) used trails within the past day.