Culex (Phalangomyia) apicinus Philippi 1865
Creators: name: González, Christian R.
name: Reyes-Valenzuela, Carolina
name: Rossi, Gustavo C.
name: Laurito, Magdalena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Culicidae
Culex
Culex apicinus

description: Culex (Phalangomyia) apicinus Philippi, 1865
(Figs 1–3)
Culex apicinus Philippi, 1865: 596 (A). Type locality: Santiago, Chile (NE). Refs: Dyar 1928: 360 (M*, F, L*, as Culex (Phalangomyia )); Edwards 1932: 206 (as Culex (Culex )); Lane 1953: 341 (M*, F, L*); Forattini 1965: 143 (M*, F); Bram 1967: 26 (M*, F, L; syn.); Belkin, 1968 (type info.).
Phalangomyia debilis Dyar & Knab, 1914: 58 (M*, F). Type locality: Matucana, (Lima), Peru (USNM). Refs: Dyar 1926: 42 (as Culex (Phalangomyia )); Dyar 1928: 359 (M*, F, L*); Edwards 1930: 107, 1932: 206 (syn. with Cx. apicinus Philippi, as Culex (Culex )).
Culex escomeli Brèthes, 1920: 41 (M*, F). Type locality: Arequipa, Peru (NE). Refs: Dyar 1926: 42 (as Culex (Phalangomyia )); Dyar 1928: 359 (M*, F, L*); Edwards 1930: 107, 1932: 206 (syn. with Cx. apicinus Philippi, as Culex (Culex )).
Culex (Phalangomyia) alticola Martini, 1931: 216 (A). Type locality: Serrata, 2,300 m, Bolivia (NHM). Refs: Lane 1953: 341 (M*, F, L; syn. with Cx. apicinus Philippi); Stone 1957: 340 (M*); Belkin 1968: 12 (tax.); Bram 1967: 24, 27 (syn.).
Diagnosis. Diagnostic morphological characteristics of Cx. apicinus, contrasted with other species of the subgenus Culex, are as follows (Table 2). Adult: Flagellomere 1 of antenna with scales on median border (Fig. 1A). Proboscis longer than forefemur. Maxillary palpus of female dark brown, with white-scales (Fig. 1A, B). Scutum with 2 narrow denuded stripes between acrostichal and dorsocentral setae; acrostichal, dorsocentral, and supra-alar setae dark brown (Fig. 1C). Wing with white scale-spot near middle of veins M 2 and M 3 (Fig. 1D). Forefemur (2.23–3.01 mm) longer than foretarsomere 1 (1.00– 1.84 mm). Foretarsomere 1 as long as sum of length of foretarsomeres 2–5. Terga II‒VII dark brown-scaled with a complete basal band of pale scales (Fig. 1E). Female genitalia: Upper vaginal lip and sclerite strongly sclerotized, cerci longer than postgenital lobe. Male genitalia: Tergum VIII deeply emarginate. Gonocoxite with 8–20 strong apicolateral setae (Fig. 2A). Subapical lobe with 2 setae: A large leaflet with serration on distal margin and ending in a long filament (seta h), and the other tubular, ending in 2 open arms (seta g) (Fig. 2B). Median lobe partially divided: Larger proximal part bearing 9–28 strong rod-like setae and 2–3 normal setae and the small distal part bearing a strong apically hooked seta, a longer stout seta with a bent fimbriate apex and a shorter stout seta with tip bifurcate (Fig. 2C). Gonostylus with a spiny apical crest (Fig. 2A), with 5–8 subapical setae (Fig. 2D). Dorsal arm of phallosome short (Fig. 2E). Paraproct with a small basolateral arm (Fig. 2E), with 7–20 cercal setae not visible in Fig. 2E), IXth tergal lobe with 2–13 setae in 1 or 2 rows. Pupa: Trumpet conical (Fig. 3A) opening wide, large and oval. At least alveolus of seta 13-III–VI present and paddle with minute spicules on the surface (Fig. 3B). Larva (fourth instar): Head, segment X and siphon heavily tanned (Fig. 3C). Siphon unique (Fig. 3C), as follows: siphon index 2.50–3.33 (mean 2.94), pecten on basal 0.60, with 5–11 spines, seta 1-S usually in 5 pairs, 1a, 1b-S inserted between pecten spines, 1e/f-S out of line.
Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru.
description: Published as part of González, Christian R., Reyes-Valenzuela, Carolina, Rossi, Gustavo C. & Laurito, Magdalena, 2023, Revalidation of Phalangomyia Dyar & Knab as a subgenus of Culex L. (Diptera: Culicidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence, pp. 544-564 in Zootaxa 5256 (6) on page 552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7762560