cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Later Mesolithic Site at Pannel Bridge, Near Pett Level, East Sussex
Creators: name: Holgate, R D C
name: Woodcock, A G
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2021

description: Sussex Archaeological Collections, 127, 1-10
description: Excavations in 1986 defined the limits of a later Mesolithic camp, and also producedflintwork of later Neolithic/earlier Bronze Age date. Recent survey work and research into the Flandrian vegetationsl history of the Pannel valley enable the site to be placed in its environmental context.
Ohmic heating of asteroids around magnetic stars
Creators: name: Bromley, Benjamin C.
name: Kenyon, Scott J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the impact of electromagnetic induction and Ohmic heating on a conducting planetary object that orbits a magnetic star. Power dissipated as heat saps orbital energy. If this heat is trapped by an insulating crust or mantle, interior temperatures increase substantially. We provide a quantitative description of this behavior and discuss the astrophysical scenarios in which it might occur. Magnetic fields around some main-sequence stars and white dwarfs are strong enough to cause the decay of close-in orbits of asteroids and dwarf planets, drawing them through the Roche limit on Myr time scales. We confirm that Ohmic heating around neutron stars is driven by the rotation of the stellar magnetic dipole, not orbital dynamics. In any case, heating can raise interior temperatures of asteroids or dwarf planets on close-in orbits to well above liquidus. Hot material escaping to the surface may lead to volcanic ejections that can obscure the host star (as in the light curve of KIC 8462852) and pollute its atmosphere (as observed with metal-rich white dwarfs). We speculate that mixing of a volatile-rich mantle or crust with material from an induction-heated core may lead to an explosion that could destroy the asteroid prior to tidal break-up.
description: 36 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, ApJ, accepted
Buyer feedback as a filtering mechanism for reputable sellers
Creators: name: Laureti, Paolo
name: Slanina, Frantisek
name: Yu, Yi-Kuo
name: Zhang, Yi-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We propose a continuum model for the description of buyer and seller dynamics in an Internet market. The relevant variables are the research effort of buyers and the sellers' reputation building process. We show that, if a commercial web-site gives consumers the possibility to rate credibly sellers they bargained with, vendors are forced to be more honest. This leads to mutual beneficial symbiosis between buyers and sellers; the overall enhanced volume of transactions contributes ultimately to the web-site, which facilitates the matchmaking service.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
A Mesolithic Site at Fairlight, East Sussex
Creators: name: Moore, John
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2021

description: Sussex Archaeological Collections, 117, 1-10
description: Excavations in the immediate vicinity of Fairlight Coasrguard Station revealed a lower stratum containing Mesolithic flintwork of Earlier Mesolithic type. In the upper levels, flintwork of Later Mesolithic type succeeded and was in part contemporart with another flint industry in the earlier tradition. The site was later visited by Neolithic groups and finally a small Iron Age settlement was established.
A framework for conducting human health risk assessment at contaminated sites
Creators: name: Zapf-Gilje, Reidar,  1951-
name: Boyle, B.
name: Wright, W.
name: Haerer, W.
name: Macfarlane, M.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The recommended human health risk assessment framework allows for the consideration of site-specific factors, such as the screening of exposure pathways, contaminants and receptors, and encourages the development of a conceptual site model, which will enable the risk assessor to focus on matters of potential significance or concern. The need to provide interim deliverables, in the form of technical memoranda documenting assumptions made and procedures used in the the problem formulation, toxicity assessment and exposure assessment phases, is emphasized. As demonstrated above, provisions made for the use of stochastic modelling, where appropriate, will likely result in estimates of risk mat more closely reflect reality, and allow uncertainty to be quantified; value-of-information analysis can then be performed to determine where additional (if any) investigation or modelling efforts should be focussed.
Cerium-Doped Fused-Silica Fibers as Wavelength Shifters
Creators: name: Akchurin, N.
name: Bartosik, N.
name: Damgov, J.
name: De Guio, F.
name: Dissertori, G.
name: Kendir, E.
name: Kunori, S.
name: Mengke, T.
name: Nessi-Tedaldi, F.
name: Pastrone, N.
name: Pigazzini, S.
name: Yaltkayab, Ş.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have evaluated the performance of a Ce-doped fused-silica fiber as wavelength shifter coupled to a CeF$_{3}$ crystal using electron beams at CERN. The pulse shape and collection efficiency were measured using irradiated (100 kGy) and un-irradiated fibers. In addition, we evaluated the light yield of various Ce-doped fibers and explored the possibility of using them in the future, including for precision timing applications in a high-luminosity collider environment.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Validity of the Semiclassical Approximation and Back=reaction
Creators: name: Bose, Sukanta
name: Parker, Leonard
name: Peleg, Yoav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studying two-dimensional evaporating dilatonic black holes, we show that the semiclassical approximation, based on the background field approach, is valid everywhere in regions of weak curvature (including the horizon), as long as one takes into account the effects of back-reaction of the Hawking radiation on the background geometry.
description: RevTex, 14 pages + 1 figure (uucompressed)
Non-Markovian Memory Strength Bounds Quantum Process Recoverability
Creators: name: Taranto, Philip
name: Pollock, Felix A.
name: Modi, Kavan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generic non-Markovian quantum processes have infinitely long memory, implying an exact description that grows exponentially in complexity with observation time. Here, we present a finite memory ansatz that approximates (or recovers) the true process with errors bounded by the strength of the non-Markovian memory. The introduced memory strength is an operational quantity and depends on the way the process is probed. Remarkably, the recovery error is bounded by the smallest memory strength over all possible probing methods. This allows for an unambiguous and efficient description of non-Markovian phenomena, enabling compression and recovery techniques pivotal to near-term technologies. We highlight the implications of our results by analyzing an exactly solvable model to show that memory truncation is possible even in a highly non-Markovian regime.
description: 8 pages, 7 pages of appendices, 5 figures. Close to the published version
Inferring Decision Rules from Evidence, Choice, and Reaction Times
Creators: Kang, Yul Hyoung Ryul
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cognitive psychology
subject: Decision making
subject: Behavioral assessment

description: When a decision is made based on noisy evidence, it is often a good strategy to take multiple samples of evidence up to a threshold before committing to a choice. Such process, termed bounded evidence accumulation, have successfully explained human and nonhuman behavior (speed and accuracy of choices) and neural recordings quantitatively. In this thesis, we exploit the quantitative relationship between evidence, choice, and reaction times (inverse of speed), to infer decision rules that are not reported directly.
      In Part I, we consider decisions based on one stream of evidence. In Chapter 2, we start by examining decisions that are not reported immediately but felt to be made at some point. We show that, in a perceptual decision-making task, we can predict the proportion of choices from the reported timing of covert decisions. We suggest that the awareness of having decided corresponds to the threshold-crossing of the accumulated evidence, rather than a post hoc inference or arbitrary report. For the type of decisions reported in Chapter 2 and many others, it has been suggested that the terminating threshold is not constant but decreases over time. In Chapter 3, we propose a method that estimates the threshold without any assumption on its shape.
      As a step toward more complex decisions, in Part II we consider decisions based on two streams of evidence. In Chapter 4, we summarize the results from human psychophysics experiments involving simultaneous motion-color judgments. The results suggest that information bearing on two dimensions of a decision can be acquired in parallel, whereas incorporation of information into a combined decision involves serial access to these parallel streams. Here, one natural question is how complete the seriality is. In Chapter 5, we propose a method to estimate the degree of seriality of two evidence accumulation processes. Another question is whether the two streams are acquired in parallel even when the stimulus viewing duration is not limited, and hence there is no apparent advantage to parallel acquisition given the serial evidence accumulation stage. In Chapter 6, we propose a method to estimate the probability of simultaneous acquisition of two evidence streams given the choice and evidence streams.
      Collectively, the work in this thesis presents new ways to study decision rules quantitatively given noninvasive measures such as the contents of the evidence stream(s), decision times, and the choice.
On CW-complexes over groups with periodic cohomology
Creators: name: Nicholson, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: If $G$ has $4$-periodic cohomology, then D2 complexes over $G$ are determined up to polarised homotopy by their Euler characteristic if and only if $G$ has at most two one-dimensional quaternionic representations. We use this to solve Wall's D2 problem for several infinite families of non-abelian groups and, in these cases, also show that any finite Poincaré $3$-complex $X$ with $π_1(X)=G$ admits a cell structure with a single $3$-cell. The proof involves cancellation theorems for $\mathbb{Z} G$ modules where $G$ has periodic cohomology.
description: 27 pages. Added new Corollary relating to a conjecture of J. M. Cohen in final section, small changes to layout and references, fixed minor errors. Final version, to appear in Transactions of the American Mathematical Society
Quantitative study of scars in the boundary section of the stadium billiard
Creators: name: Simonotti, Fernando P.
name: Vergini, Eduardo
name: Saraceno, Marcos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a semiclassically invariant function on the boundary of the billiard, taken as the Poincare section in Birkhoff coordinates, based on periodic orbit information, as an ansatz for the normal derivative of the eigenfunction. Defining an appropriate scalar product on the section, we can compute the scar intensity of a given periodic orbit on an eigensate, as the overlap beetween the constructed function and the normal derivative on the section of the eigenstate. In this way, we are able to investigate how periodic orbits scar the spectrum and how a given eigenstate decompose into scar functions. We use this scheme on the Bunimovich stadium.
description: 10 pages, RevTex, 14 Figures (10 gifs, 4 PostScripts). Submitted to Physical Review E
Dembowski-Ostrom polynomials and reversed Dickson polynomials
Creators: name: Fernando, Neranga
name: Hasan, Sartaj Ul
name: Pal, Mohit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11T55, 05A10, 11T06

description: We discuss the problem of classifying Dembowski-Ostrom polynomials from the composition of reversed Dickson polynomials of arbitrary kind and monomials over finite fields of odd characteristic. Moreover, by using a variant of the Weil bound for the number of points of affine algebraic curves over finite fields, we discuss the planarity of all such Dembowski-Ostrom polynomials. Planar Dembowski-Ostrom polynomials have applications in many areas including cryptography and coding theory.
description: 20 pages
A Re-analysis of the Ring-Ditch Site at Playden, East Sussex
Creators: name: Cleal, R
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2021

description: Sussex Archaeological Collections, 120, 1-17
description: The prehistoric ring-ditch site at Playden is reconsidered in the light of the work that has been done on the Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age since 1935. The writer concludes that Bradley's (1978) interpretation of the site as having a mound of white sand in its second phase is correct, but that the first phase, in which there is an unusual timber structure within the ring-ditch, may be of a ritual nature rather than a settlement. Other anomalous ring-ditch sites of the mid-to late second millennium are illustrated to demonstrate broad similarities. The pottery is considered in detail. It is concluded that there is no evidence for any round-based vessels, and that although the vessels are not easily classifiable, they may belong to a transitional pase between the Grooved Ware and Deverel-Rimbury traditions. There is a radiocarbon date of 1740 � 115 b.c. for the first phase of the site.
Functional Anatomy of Urogenital Hiatus Closure: the Perineal Complex Triad Hypothesis
Creators: name: Pipitone, Fernanda
name: Masteling, Mariana
name: Xie, Bing
name: Chen, Luyun
name: DeLancey, John
name: Ashton-Miller, James
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Levator ani · Pathophysiology of pelvic organ prolapse · Pelvic floor birth injury · Perineal body · Perineal membrane · Urogenital and levator hiatus
subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: Engineering

description: Urogenital hiatus enlargement is a critical factor associated with prolapse and operative failure. This study of the perineal complex was performed to understand how interactions among its three structures: the levator ani, perineal membrane, and perineal body—united by the vaginal fascia—work to maintain urogenital hiatus closure. Methods Magnetic resonance images from 30 healthy nulliparous women with 3D reconstruction of selected subjects were used to establish overall geometry. Connection points and lines of action were based on perineal dissection in 10 female cadavers (aged 22–86 years), cross sections of 4 female cadavers (aged 14–35 years), and histological sections (cadavers aged 16 and 21 years). Results The perineal membrane originates laterally from the ventral two thirds of the ischiopubic rami and attaches medially to the perineal body and vaginal wall. The levator ani attaches to the perineal membrane’s cranial surface, vaginal fascia, and the perineal body. The levator line of action in 3D reconstruction is oriented so that the levator pulls the medial perineal membrane cranio-ventrally. In cadavers, simulated levator contraction and relaxation along this vector changes the length of the membrane and the antero–posterior diameter of the urogenital hiatus. Loss of the connection of the left and right perineal membranes through the perineal body results in diastasis of the levator and a widened hiatus, as well as a downward rotation of the perineal membrane. Conclusion Interconnections involving the levator ani muscles, perineal membrane, perineal body, and vaginal fascia form the perineal complex surrounding the urogenital hiatus in an arrangement that maintains hiatal closure.
An Archaeology of Sussex Pottery: Symposium Proceedings
Creators: name: Freke, D
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2021

description: Sussex Archaeological Collections, 118, 1-144
description: Introduction; Magnetic Dating; Towards a Strategy for Excavating Pottery Kilns and Analysing Kiln Assemblages; Practical Potting Techniques; Neolithic Pottery in Sussex; The Bronze Age; Pottery in the First Millennium BC; Approaches to the Study of Roman Pottery; Aspects of romano-British Pottery in West Sussex; Handmade Pottery and Society in late Iron Age and Roman East Sussex; Pagan Saxon Pottery in Sussex; Potters, Pottery and Marketing, AD 700-1000; Potters, KIlns and markets in Medieval Pottery Imports in Sussex; Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Sussex Ware; Bibliography; Index.
Current Account Balance and External Shocks in Nigeria
Creators: name: Kudaisi, Bosede
name: Olomola, P.A.
name: Kudaisi, Bosede
name: Olomola, P.A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Production Economics
subject: Oil price
subject: terms of trade
subject: exchange rate
subject: current account
subject: Nigeria

description: As a small open economy, Nigeria is highly vulnerable to adverse effect of external shocks since independence. These shocks manifest in form of oil price shocks, exchange rate volatility, global financial crisis and terms of trade shocks. This paper however investigated the impact of external shocks to oil price, exchange rate and terms of trade on the fluctuations in current account balance being an important macroeconomic variable. Multivariate Vector error correction model (VECM) was employed on quarterly data of current account, terms of trade, exchange rate and oil price. Data on current account, terms of trade and exchange rate were drawn from world development indicator and oil price was sourced from the OPEC database. The result of the impulse response function showed a negative and significant impact of external shocks on the current account fluctuations in Nigeria in the long run. The data analysis confirmed that a positive shock to the variables produce a positive response of the current account which improves it while a negative shocks deteriorates current account. The variance decomposition results showed that a significant portion of fluctuations in current account can be explained by the terms of trade shocks. The results also showed that a shock to the oil price produces term of trade shock. However, the study suggests a robust and forward-looking policy to cushion the adverse effect of external shocks in Nigeria. Also, there is need for the country to diversify her export base to reduce total reliance on oil export.
Additional file 1 of Prevalence of dry eye disease among Chinese high school students during the COVID-19 outbreak
Creators: name: Lin, Feng
name: Cai, Yuying
name: Fei, Xinfeng
name: Wang, Yimin
name: Zhou, Minwen
name: Liu, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Anomaly free Froggatt-Nielsen models of flavor
Creators: name: Smolkovič, Aleks
name: Tammaro, Michele
name: Zupan, Jure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce two anomaly free versions of Froggatt-Nielsen (FN) models, based on either $G_{\rm FN}=U(1)^3$ or $G_{\rm FN}=U(1)$ horizontal symmetries, that generate the SM quark and lepton flavor structures. The structure of these "inverted" FN models is motivated by the clockwork mechanism: the chiral fields, singlets under $G_{\rm FN}$, are supplemented by chains of vector-like fermions charged under $G_{\rm FN}$. Unlike the traditional FN models the hierarchy of quark and lepton masses is obtained as an expansion in $M/\langle ϕ\rangle$, where $M$ is the typical vector-like fermion mass, and $\langle ϕ\rangle$ the flavon vacuum expectation value. The models can be searched for through deviations in flavor observables such as $K-\bar K$ mixing, $μ\to e$ conversion, etc., where the present bounds restrict the masses of vector-like fermions to be above ${\mathcal O}(10^7~{\rm GeV})$. If $G_{\rm FN}$ is gauged, the models can also be probed by searching for the flavorful $Z'$ gauge bosons. In principle, the $Z'$s can be very light, and can be searched for using precision flavor, astrophysics, and beam dump experiments.
description: 50 pages, 20 figures, discussion of rare meson decay bounds amended, Figs. 13, 14 and 18 updated
Topological Field Theory and Quantum Holonomy Representations of Motion Groups
Creators: name: Szabo, Richard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Canonical quantization of abelian BF-type topological field theory coupled to extended sources on generic d-dimensional manifolds and with curved line bundles is studied. Sheaf cohomology is used to construct the appropriate topological extension of the action and the topological flux quantization conditions, in terms of the Cech cohomology of the underlying spatial manifold, as required for topological invariance of the quantum field theory. The wavefunctions are found in the Hamiltonian formalism and are shown to carry multi-dimensional representations of various topological groups of the space. Expressions for generalized linking numbers in any dimension are thereby derived. In particular, new global aspects of motion group presentations are obtained in any dimension. Applications to quantum exchange statistics of objects in various dimensionalities are also discussed.
description: 45 pages LaTeX
Additional file 1 of COVID-19 GPH: tracking the contribution of genomics and precision health to the COVID-19 pandemic response
Creators: name: Yu, Wei
name: Drzymalla, Emily
name: Gwinn, Marta
name: Khoury, Muin J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1: Appendix I. PubMed complex queries. Appendix II. The inclusion and exclusion criteria. Appendix III. Keywords for searching categories.
Inflammatory Pathways and Prevention Therapies in Placental Infection by Fusobacterium nucleatum
Creators: So, Jeewon
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Nutrition
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Omega-3 fatty acids
subject: Pregnant women--Health and hygiene
subject: Placenta--Diseases

description: Intrauterine infection with the oral commensal anaerobe Fusobacterium nucleatum has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We have previously established a mouse model to study the mechanism of hematogenous F. nucleatum leading to fetal and neonatal death. Here, we report that Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) from the maternal rather than paternal, and endothelial rather than hematopoietic cells mediate placental inflammation, especially the production of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta. Downstream of TLR4, a spatiotemporal pattern of the transcription factor NF-kB activation was observed spreading from the decidual endothelium to the surrounding spongiotrophoblasts within the first six hours of infection. Maternal TRIF, an adaptor protein downstream of TLR4 pathway, but not NLRP3, a cytosolic signaling receptor that constitutes inflammasome complex, mediated the fetal and neonatal death. In an effort to find a prophylactic preventive method against the detrimental birth outcome induced by F. nucleatum placental infection, omega-3 fatty acids were tested for their anti-inflammatory properties. Omega-3 oil supplementation in pregnant mice inhibited the transcription and release of inflammatory cytokines, prevented fetal and neonatal death, and also suppressed the proliferation of F. nucleatum in the placenta. Moreover, omega-3 supplementation was shown to enhance neutrophil recruitment to the site of infection. However, omega-3 supplementation did not protect the pregnancy from Listeria monocytogenes infection in vivo, despite the in vitro results where inflammation induced by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were suppressed by omega-3 fatty acids. This study presents the first direct evidence of maternal, rather than fetal, signal leading to adverse pregnancy outcome, and suggests an exciting therapeutic potential of dietary omega-3 fatty acids.
Realization of the Three-dimensional Quantum Euclidean Space by Differential Operators
Creators: name: Schraml, Stefan
name: Wess, Julius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81R50; 20G42

description: The three-dimensional quantum Euclidean space is an example of a non-commutative space that is obtained from Euclidean space by $q$-deformation. Simultaneously, angular momentum is deformed to $so_q(3)$, it acts on the $q$-Euclidean space that becomes a $so_q(3)$-module algebra this way. In this paper it is shown, that this algebra can be realized by differential operators acting on $C^{\infty}$ functions on $\mathbb{R}^3$. On a factorspace of $C^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^3)$ a scalar product can be defined that leads to a Hilbert space, such that the action of the differential operators is defined on a dense set in this Hilbert space and algebraically self-adjoint becomes self-adjoint for the linear operator in the Hilbert space. The self-adjoint coordinates have discrete eigenvalues, the spectrum can be considered as a $q$-lattice.
description: 13 pages, latex
Optimal Configuration Of Angled Rib Turbulators For Conjugate Heat Transfer Simulation
Creators: name: Ashkan Bagherzdaeh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 90101 Aerodynamics (excl. Hypersonic Aerodynamics)
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: Aerospace Engineering

description: Increasing the turbine inlet temperature plays an important role to increase the efficiency of the gas turbine engine. Using the SAS flow causes a reduction in turbine efficiency, thus optimal design of the internal cooling system of the turbine blade could help to increase this efficiency. Computational Fluid Dynamics has become the main tool for the flow and heat transfer phenomena in gas turbine design. In order to couple the hot gas path and coolant flow inside the blade, Conjugate Heat Transfer analysis has become a key part of CFD. The validation of the simulation is done by comparing the results with the experimental data of Hylton on NASA C3X vane. Calculated results agree well with analytical and experimental data. Moreover, In the present study, an optimal design for enhancement of heat transfer and thermal performance for the cooling channels of NASA C3X with square section rib turbulators is investigated to find the most suitable rib geometry. Among various design parameters, two design variables, rib angle (30≤ 𝛼 ≤90) and the rib pitch toheight ratio (6≤p/e≤18), were chosen. Approximations for design of the best rib turbulators were obtained using the advanced Response Surface Method (RSM) with functional variables. The second-order response surfaces (or correlations) within the ranges of two design variables were completed by this method. The optimum design point with the highest Nusselt number ratio appears at 𝛼 = 59.38 and p/e = 6.1 and the highest thermal performance is at 𝛼 = 59.38 and p/e = 6.24. Also the effect of rib turbulators on the NASA C3X vane surface temperature is investigated. The results show that, the average effects of temperature reduction in leading edge, mid chord and trailing edge are 7.1%, 4.3% and 6.8% respectively.
Bioregenerating soils of problematic high elevation disturbed sites using specialty fertilizers
Creators: name: Adams, Brian P.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The revegetation of high elevation sites is a difficult task. Such sites are characterized by soils that are extremely variable and methods that have proven quite successful on low elevation sites, have at best, met with limited success on sites located above timberline. New and innovative approaches to revegetation are required if disturbed high elevation areas are to be successfully and permanently reclaimed. Recent research has led to a better understanding of the biological processes that are critical to the sustained health of high elevation ecosystems. This in turn has lead to the development of products designed to re-establish microbial activity in the soil thereby enhancing chances for long term, low maintenance revegetation success. The use of special organic fertilizers, in combination with site specific seed mixes, provide a viable, cost effective method of re-establishing permanent, environmentally compatible vegetation on high elevation sites that have been disturbed by either industrial activity or natural processes.
Inferring the 3D gravitational field of the Milky Way with stellar streams
Creators: Price-Whelan, Adrian Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Dark matter (Astronomy)--Measurement
Galactic halos
Astrophysics
Astronomy
Mechanics

description: We develop two new methods to measure the structure of matter around the Milky Way using stellar tidal streams from disrupting dwarf galaxies and globular clusters. The dark matter halo of the Milky Way is expected to be triaxial and filled with substructure, but measurements of the shape and profile of dark matter around the Galaxy are highly uncertain and often contradictory. We demonstrate that kinematic data from near-future surveys for stellar streams or shells produced by tidal disruption of stellar systems around the Milky Way will provide precise measures of the gravitational potential to test these predictions. We develop a probabilistic method for inferring the Galactic potential with tidal streams based on the idea that the stream stars were once close in phase space and test this method on synthetic datasets generated from N-body simulations of satellite disruption with observational uncertainties chosen to mimic current and near-future surveys of various stars. We find that with just four well-measured stream stars, we can infer properties of a triaxial potential with precisions of order 5--7 percent. We then demonstrate that, if the Milky Way's dark matter halo is triaxial and is not fully integrable (as is expected), an appreciable fraction of orbits will be chaotic. We examine the influence of chaos on the phase-space morphology of cold tidal streams and show that streams even in weakly chaotic regions look very different from those in regular regions. We discuss the implications of this fact given that we see several long, thin streams in the Galactic halo; our results suggest that long, cold streams around our Galaxy must exist only on regular (or very nearly regular) orbits and potentially provide a map of the regular regions of the Milky Way potential. We then apply this understanding of stream formation along chaotic orbits to the interpretation of a newly-discovered, puzzling stellar stream near the Galactic bulge. We conclude that the morphology of this stream is consistent with forming along chaotic orbits due to the presence of the time-dependent Galactic bar. These results are encouraging for the eventual goal of using flexible, time-dependent potential models combined with larger data sets to unravel the detailed shape of the dark matter distribution around the Milky Way.
Signatures of quantum stability in a classically chaotic system
Creators: name: Schlunk, S.
name: d'Arcy, M. B.
name: Gardiner, S. A.
name: Cassettari, D.
name: Godun, R. M.
name: Summy, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally and numerically investigate the quantum accelerator mode dynamics of an atom optical realization of the quantum delta-kicked accelerator, whose classical dynamics are chaotic. Using a Ramsey-type experiment, we observe interference, demonstrating that quantum accelerator modes are formed coherently. We construct a link between the behavior of the evolution's fidelity and the phase space structure of a recently proposed pseudoclassical map, and thus account for the observed interference visibilities.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; substantial revision of previous version; submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
An Early Mesolithic Site and Prehistoric Flintwork from Graffham Common and Neighbouring Areas on the Lower Greensand, West Sussex
Creators: name: Holgate, R D C
name: Holden, E
name: Holden, H G
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2021

description: Sussex Archaeological Collections, 124, 1-8
description: Swfaceflint collection in the Grafjham Common area on the Lower Greensand since 1978 has produced a substantial early Mesolithic flint assemblage and a range of smaller assemblages dating from the early Mesolithic period to the Bronze Age.
Socio-Economic Determinants of Diarrhoeal Morbidity among Children in Tanzania
Creators: name: Pantaleo, Innocent
name: Temba, George
name: Pantaleo, Innocent
name: Temba, George
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: diarrhea
subject: morbidity
subject: socio-economic
subject: determinants

description: This paper uses a restricted sample of children under five years of age (0-4) of the 2009-2010 and 2015-2016 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) data to determine the socio-economic factors of diarrhoea morbidity among the sampled children. Using a t-test mean comparison and a logit model to estimate and analyze factors influencing the probability of occurrence of diarrhea, the paper finds that there is a significant difference in socioeconomic determinants between urban dwellers and rural dwellers as well as between male headed and female headed households. Child’s age and parents’ education level were found to be negatively associated with diarrhea morbidity. Contrary to expectations, age at first birth was found to be significant only in one dataset. It is further revealed that in preventing and reducing the incidence of diarrhoea among children, sanitation facilities is of importance than the supply of drinking water. The results imply that building the capacity and providing basic health and hygiene education to parents is more important for reducing diarrhoea morbidity among children. Specifically, promotion of both breastfeeding, and of personal hygiene, while preparing the supplementary foods for these children, seems to be the right way to control diarrhoea.
The effect of higher dimensional QCD operators on the spectroscopy of bottom-up holographic models
Creators: name: Afonin, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the bottom-up holographic approach to QCD, the highly excited hadrons are identified with the bulk normal modes in the fifth "holographic" dimension. We show that additional states in the same mass range can appear also from taking into consideration the 5D fields dual to higher dimensional QCD operators. The possible effects of these operators were not taken into account in almost all phenomenological applications. Using the scalar case as the simplest example, we demonstrate that the additional higher dimensional operators lead to a large degeneracy of highly excited states in the Soft Wall holographic model while in the Hard Wall holographic model, they result in a proliferation of excited states. The considered model can be viewed as the first analytical toy-model predicting a one-to-one mapping of the excited meson states to definite QCD operators to which they prefer to couple.
description: 11 pages
Additional file 9 of Incidence and outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units of mainland China: a multicentre prospective longitudinal study
Creators: name: Huang, Xu
name: Zhang, Ruoyang
name: Fan, Guohui
name: Wu, Dawei
name: Lu, Haining
name: Wang, Daoxin
name: Deng, Wang
name: Sun, Tongwen
name: Xing, Lihua
name: Liu, Shaohua
name: Wang, Shilei
name: Cai, Ying
name: Tian, Ye
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Xia, Jingen
name: Zhan, Qingyuan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 9: eTable 4. Characteristics of ARDS patients treated with noninvasive ventilation by severity category at diagnosis.
Algorithms for computer algebra calculations in spacetime I. The calculation of curvature
Creators: name: Pollney, Denis
name: Musgrave, Peter
name: Santosuosso, Kevin
name: Lake, Kayll
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the relative performance of algorithms for the calculation of curvature in spacetime. The classical coordinate component method is compared to two distinct versions of the Newman-Penrose tetrad approach for a variety of spacetimes, and distinct coordinates and tetrads for a given spacetime. Within the system GRTensorII, we find that there is no single preferred approach on the basis of speed. Rather, we find that the fastest algorithm is the one that minimizes the amount of time spent on simplification. This means that arguments concerning the theoretical superiority of an algorithm need not translate into superior performance when applied to a specific spacetime calculation. In all cases it is the global simplification strategy which is of paramount importance. An appropriate simplification strategy can change an untractable problem into one which can be solved essentially instantaneously.
description: 27 pages, latex2e (requires amstex.sty, mapleenv.sty). See also http://astro.queensu.ca/~grtensor/papers/pmsl96/pmsl96.html
Wave Dynamical Chaos in a Superconducting Three-Dimensional Sinai Billiard
Creators: name: Alt, H.
name: Dembowski, C.
name: Graef, H. -D.
name: Hofferbert, R.
name: Rehfeld, H.
name: Richter, A.
name: Schuhmann, R.
name: Weiland, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on very accurate measurements performed on a superconducting microwave resonator shaped like a desymmetrized three-dimensional (3D) Sinai billiard, we investigate for the first time spectral properties of the vectorial Helmholtz, i.e. non-quantum wave equation for a classically totally chaotic and theoretically precisely studied system. We are thereby able to generalize some aspects of quantum chaos and present some results which are consequences of the polarization features of the electromagnetic waves.
description: 4 pages RevTex; 4 postscript figures; to be published in Phys. Rev. Lett.; Info: hofferbert@linac.ikp.physik.th-darmstadt.de
Additional file 2 of Prevalence of dry eye disease among Chinese high school students during the COVID-19 outbreak
Creators: name: Lin, Feng
name: Cai, Yuying
name: Fei, Xinfeng
name: Wang, Yimin
name: Zhou, Minwen
name: Liu, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
Pseudo-dualizing complexes of bicomodules and pairs of t-structures
Creators: name: Positselski, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is a coalgebra version of arXiv:1703.04266 and a sequel to arXiv:1607.03066. We present the definition of a pseudo-dualizing complex of bicomodules over a pair of coassociative coalgebras $\mathcal C$ and $\mathcal D$. For any such complex $\mathcal L^\bullet$, we construct a triangulated category endowed with a pair of (possibly degenerate) t-structures of the derived type, whose hearts are the abelian categories of left $\mathcal C$-comodules and left $\mathcal D$-contramodules. A weak version of pseudo-derived categories arising out of (co)resolving subcategories in abelian/exact categories with enough homotopy adjusted complexes is also considered. Quasi-finiteness conditions for coalgebras, comodules, and contramodules are discussed as a preliminary material.
description: LaTeX 2e with tikz-cd, 42 pages, 10 commutative diagrams; v.2: details and comments added in the proof of Lemma 2.6(b), two references added; v.3: references updated; v.4: the reference to arXiv:2101.10797 added; v.5: several misprints corrected; v.6: many misprints corrected, the numbering of sections shifted to agree with the journal version
Influence and Contributions of Speculative Row House Developers on the Architecture and Urban Design of New York City's Upper West Side: 1879-1908
Creators: Middleton, Michael Anthony
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Row houses--Design and construction
subject: Real estate developers
subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: City planning
subject: History

description: The history of the architecture and development of New York City’s Upper West Side row-houses is a subject that has been written upon extensively but never specifically looked at from the point of view of the speculative real estate developer and how he influenced and marketed design. When making the case for historical significance of a building, one generally looks only to the architect or any notable inhabitants or users of that building to fulfill National Register of Historic Places criteria. Why has the real estate or speculative developer been excluded so often in the discussion of a place’s significance? Arguably, these men helped to shape design, space, and even entire neighborhoods on equal footing with the architects whom they chose to hire and probably more so than those who purchased their homes. October 27th, 1904 marked the opening of the Interborough Rapid Transit Company’s (IRT) subway-line for New York City, which resulted in highly escalated land values near the line and effectively, for developers, rendered speculative row-houses uneconomical compared to high-rise apartment construction. Concentrating on speculative row-house construction between 1879 and 1905, the duration of such construction on the Upper West Side, this thesis seeks to examine what developers of the period saw as standard amenities or novelty selling-points for the designs of row-houses in order to keep them desirable but also competitive when compared with apartment living. The turn of the century speculative real estate developer, particularly those active on the Upper West Side, had an array of media through which he was able to market his rows. Week after week completed and projected designs appeared in the Real Estate Record and Guide, in advertisements in the city’s newspapers, or through private publications and prospectuses produced by the developer himself. Ultimately, the speculative row house developer with his desire to make both the neighborhood in which he built and the houses which he sold beautiful and desirable directly impacted the feel and atmosphere of the Upper West Side. Perhaps in light of this investigation we can begin to assign and evaluate new areas of significance for historic row houses. Those being not the ties to famous residents or acclaimed architects, but also to the previously rather anonymous speculative developers which shaped the history, architecture, and development of New York City’s Upper West Side and, indeed, row-house neighborhoods across the country.
Influence of Preservice Science Teachers’ Beliefs and Goals in the Cognitive Demand of the Learning Tasks they Design: A Multiple Case Study
Creators: Rojas-Perilla, Diego Fernando
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Teachers--Training of
Science--Study and teaching
Science teachers
Student teachers--Attitudes

description: Novice science teachers struggle to incorporate reform-based perspectives of teaching and learning into their planning and instruction. Some argue that this is due to a mismatch between teachers’ beliefs and the goals of reform. However, it is widely recognized that the relationship between teachers’ beliefs and science teaching is tenuous at best. Previous attempts to understand the mismatch between preservice teachers’ espoused beliefs and their classroom practices draw upon models of teacher cognition that consider beliefs and knowledge as the main drivers of their actions. In this study I use a goal-driven model of science teacher cognition as my theoretical framework. This model posits that classroom practices are an attempt to achieve particular goals. Based on this model, I conducted a cross-case analysis using qualitative methods to examine the relationship between teachers’ beliefs, knowledge, and goals and the types of learning opportunities they design. Data were collected through participant interviews and document analysis. Findings are consistent with the theoretical premises of this model, suggesting that the goals teachers pursue are influenced by their beliefs about teaching and learning science, together with the contextual characteristics of their placement. Findings suggest that the design and enactment of high cognitive demand learning tasks is facilitated by several factors. First, preservice teachers need to operationalize their beliefs into learning goals for their students, including explicit epistemic goals that seek to engage students in the use of science practices to make sense of disciplinary ideas. Second, in order to achieve their goals, preservice science teachers need to learn how to design scaffolds that bridge students’ classroom practices with the practices of the discipline to make sense of scientific ideas. Finally, the goals of the teacher education program, the school, and the personal goals that preservice teachers aim to pursue may conflict; whether and how they solve these conflicts influence the cognitive demand of the tasks they design. This study suggests that helping student teachers develop and pursuing goals that characterize high cognitive demand tasks have the potential to improve their teaching practices.