Heteragrion tatama Bota-Sierra & Novelo-Gutiérrez 2017, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Bota-Sierra, Cornelio Andrés
name: Novelo-Gutiérrez, Rodolfo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Odonata
Megapodagrionidae
Heteragrion
Heteragrion tatama

description: Heteragrion tatama sp. nov.
(Figs 2; 3o–p; 4e–f, p; 5d; 6e–g; 9a–b, f)
Holotype. ♂, CEUA 81784, 22 July 2016, COLOMBIA, Risaralda Department, Tatamá National Park, Pueblo Rico Municipality, Monte Bello Township, Minas de Cuarzo stream, 5.22861°N 76.09806° W 1,480m a.s.l.. Leg: C. Bota, F. García and J. Sandoval. Allotype ♀, same as holotype but: CEUA 81785, 29 June 2016, La Cristalina stream, 5.21874°N 76.07719° W 1,460m a.s.l.. Leg: C. Bota, A. Orejuela and D. Ayala.
COLOMBIA, Risaralda Department, Tatamá National Park, Pueblo Rico Municipality, Monte Bello Township: CEUA Paratypes: 4♂♂, CEUA 81473, 16 April 2014, Stream at Taibá’s river canyon, 5.21639°N 76.08833° W 1,660m a.s.l.. Leg: C. Bota. 5♂♂ and 1 ♀, CEUA 81702, 15 September 2014, Minas de Cuarzo stream, 5.22861°N 76.09805° W 1,480m a.s.l. Leg: C. Bota, C. Flórez and M. Loaíza. 4♂♂ and 1♀, CEUA 81703, 16 September 2014, Stream at Taibá’s river canyon, 5.21639°N 76.08833° W 1,660m a.s.l.. Leg: C. Bota, C. Flórez and M. Loaíza. 3♂♂ and 1♀, CEUA 81769, 2 Februrary 2015, Taibá’s river canyon, 5.21639°N 76.08833° W 1,660m a.s.l.. Leg: C. Bota. 6♂♂ and 1♀, CEUA 81783, 24 March 2015, Taibá’s river canyon, 5.21639°N 76.08833° W 1,660m a.s.l.. Leg: C. Bota. 2♂♂ and 1♀, CEUA 81787, 30 May 2015, Taibá’s river canyon, 5.21639°N 76.08833° W 1,660m a.s.l. Leg: C. Bota. 1♂, CEUA 81775, 24 June 2016, Minas de Cuarzo stream, 5.22861°N 76.09806° W 1,480m a.s.l. Leg: C. Bota, A. Orejuela and D. Ayala. 1♂, CEUA 81782, 13 July 2016, Minas de Cuarzo stream, 5.22861°N 76.09806° W 1,480m a.s.l. Leg: C. Bota, A. Orejuela, F. García and D. Ayala. 1♂, CEUA 99701, 27 July 2016, La Escuela stream 5.22717°N 76.08283° W 1,385m. a.s.l. Leg: C. Bota and J. Sandoval. 1♂, CEUA 100065, 8 August 2016, Taibá’s river canyon, 5.21639°N 76.08833° W 1,660m a.s.l.. Leg: C. Bota, N. Uribe and J. Sandoval. 2♂, CEUA 81774, 9 August 2016, Path to Río Bravo 1,500m a.s.l.. Leg: C. Bota, N. Uribe and J. Sandoval. 3♂♂, CEUA 99703, 16 August 2016, Stream at Taibá’s river canyon, 5.21639°N 76.08833° W 1,660m a.s.l.. Leg: C. Bota and J. Sandoval. Orejuela, F. García and D. Ayala.
Colecciones Biológicas de la Universidad CES (CBUCES) Paratypes: COLOMBIA, Risaralda Department, Tatamá National Park, Pueblo Rico Municipality, Monte Bello Township: Paratypes: 1♀: Stream at Taibá’s river Canyon, 5.21639°N 76.08833° W 1,660m a.s.l.. Leg: C. Bota. 2♂♂: 19 July 2016, La Cristalina Stream, 5.222435N ° 76.07948° W 1,400m a.s.l. Leg: C. Bota, F. García and J. Sandoval. 1♂: 22 July 2016, Minas de Cuarzo stream, 5.22861°N 76.09806° W 1,480m a.s.l. Leg: C. Bota, F. García and J. Sandoval. 1♀: 22 August 2016, path to Río Bravo, 1,500m a.s.l. Leg: C. Bota, C. Guzman and J. Sandoval.
Instituto de Ciencias Naturales (ICN) Paratypes: COLOMBIA, Risaralda Department, Tatamá National Park, Pueblo Rico Municipality, Monte Bello Township: Paratypes: 1♂: 9 August 2016, Path to Río Bravo 1,500m a.s.l. Leg: C. Bota, N. Uribe and J. Sandoval., 3♂♂: 13 August 2016, La Cristalina Stream 5.22244°N 76.07948° W 1,400m a.s.l.. Leg: C. Bota and J. Sandoval. 1♀: 29 August 2016, La Cristalina stream 5.22244°N 76.07948° W 1,400m a.s.l.. Leg: C. Bota and J. Sandoval.
Museo Entomológico Universidad del Valle (MUSENUV) Paratypes: COLOMBIA, Risaralda Department, Tatamá National Park, Pueblo Rico Municipality, Monte Bello Township: Paratypes: 2♂♂ and 3♀♀: 30 May 2015, Taibá’s river Canyon, 5.21639°N 76.08833°W 1,660m a.s.l. Leg: C. Bota. 1♂: 29 june 2016, La Cristalina Stream, 5.21874°N 76.07719°W 1,460m a.s.l. Leg: C. Bota, A. Orejuela and D. Ayala.
Andes Entomología (ANDES-E) Paratypes: COLOMBIA, Risaralda Department, Tatamá National Park, Pueblo Rico Municipality, Monte Bello Township: Paratypes: 3♂♂ and 2♀♀: 15 April 2015, Taibá’s river Canyon, 5.21639°N 76.08833° W 1,660m a.s.l. Leg: C. Bota.
Etymology. People from the indigenous tribe Embera are the first known inhabitants of the mountains where this species was found. “Tatamá”, which means the grandfather of the rivers, is how they call the highest mountain in the area. We name this species tatama (to be treated as undeclinable noun) because it inhabits first and second order streams originating in the Tatamá National Park.
Description of holotype. Head. Yellow with base of antennae yellow ventrally and brown dorsally. Antennomeres brown. Frons black in middle, from base of antenna to posterior border, brown laterally (Fig. 3o). Eyes in life brown dorsally, light green ventrally (Fig. 9a).
Thorax. Prothorax: pronotum black dorsally with brownish tinges; yellow ventrally; posterior lobe black, margined with pale yellow (Fig. 4f); propleuron yellow (Fig. 9a). Pterothorax: thoracic carina black; black mesepisternum with thin pale yellow line dorsally, margined with pale yellow ventrally; mesinfraepisternum yellow; mesepimeron black, dorsal and ventral margins and apical quarter pale yellow; metepisternum pale yellow, black mid-lateral stripe on anterior half; metinfraepisternum, metepimeron and venter yellow (Fig. 9a).
Legs. armature and legs brown; coxae mostly brown with yellow margins (Fig. 9a).
Wings. Px 20 in FW, 19 in HW; clear with slight yellowish tinge; venation black; dark brown pterostigma overlying 1 1/2 to 2 cells, the proximal side oblique.
Abdomen. Mostly yellow with pale black basal and apical rings. S1–S2 yellow, light brown dorsally; S3 yellow with black wide apical ring; S4–S5 yellow with very light brown wide basal ring and wide black apical ring; S6 with obscure broad brown basal and apical wide rings; S7 brown with golden tinges; S8 bright yellow with middorsal apical brown stripe; S9–S10 dark brown dorsally, yellow ventrally (Fig. 9a). Cercus, in lateral view, slender, wider at base, with a ventral process visible at second third of its length (Fig. 6g), in dorsolateral view, with a slight, concave, ventrobasal expansion, medial ridge curving downwards over medial process, dorsoapical ridge straight, medial process protruding approximately at two thirds the length of cercus (Fig. 6e–h).
Anal appendages. Cerci light brown internally, black externally. Paraprocts light brown.
Measurements (mm). Total length 59.0, abdomen 50.0, FW 29.0 and HW 28.5.
Female (allotype). Head. Similar to holotype except: face and top of head mostly black, pale areas light brown with blackish tinges. Postclypeus with a black concave area rearwards. Middle black area of frons narrower than in holotype (Fig. 3p). Rear of head dull brown.
Thorax. Prothorax: pronotum similar to holotype (Fig. 4e), intersternite straight, dorsoposterior end expanded and rounded (Fig. 4p). Pterothorax similar to holotype but duller yellow, and black thoracic stripes much reduced in size (Fig. 9b).
Wings. Two postquadragular cells in FW and HW, Px in FW 16–17, 16 in HW. Pterostigma much paler than holotype, overlying 2 cells.
Abdomen. Brown with black apical rings, basal rings barely noticeable (Fig. 9b). S8 mostly brown; S9–S10 light brown. Ovipositor yellowish-brown, genital valve with even dentition but last three apical teeth the largest (Figs 9f, 5d). Cercus brownish yellow, stylus yellow.
Measurements (mm). Total length 46.0, abdomen 37.0, FW 28.0 and HW 27.5.
Variation among paratypes: Paratypes similar to holotype and allotype, respectively. Males: Abdominal coloration on S6–S7 can be darker than in holotype, cercus can be yellowish brown to dark brown. Px in FW 17– 22, Px in HW 17–20. Total length 48.9–55.0, abdomen 39.9–45.4, FW 26.6–29.6, HW 27.0–30.4. Females: Px in FW 18–20, Px in HW 15–19. Total length 50.8–45.1; abdomen 36.1–41.3; FW 27.9–31.2; HW 28.3–30.0.
Diagnosis. When comparing cercus illustrations or photographs with a museum specimen it is very important to try to match the same angle in which the cercus was illustrated, since a small variation in the angle of view will make the structure look different as is shown by Figure 6e, h. Of the 27 species on group B, 14 are included in Williamson’s 1919 key. Following the key for males, this species groups with H. aequatoriale because of its coloration pattern and body size with abdomen longer than 40mm, however, we can separate H. tatama from H.
aequatoriale by the ventrobasal convexity on the cercus of H. aequatoriale when seen in mediodorsal view (Fig. 6c), much more pronounced than in H. tatama (Fig. 6e, h). Also diagnostic are, color pattern of frons (Fig. 3a–g), distance between medial process bifurcation and apex of cercus close to one third in H. tatama and close to one fourth in H. aequatoriale (Fig. 6d, f), and the continuous medial ridge along the apical half of cercus in H. aequatoriale, while this medial ridge is restricted to apical 0.35 of cercus in H. tatama (Fig. 6c–e, h). Having in mind that coloration pattern is more variable than that expected by Williamson, another related species is H. majus, which cercus morphology is similar to that of H. tatama, especially at apex, but they can easily be differentiated by the lack of a ventrobasal convexity in H. majus. After 1919, eight species of group B were described from Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, and Ecuador, from which Heteragrion tatama can be separated as follows: Heteragrion rubrifulvum Donnelly, 1992 has red abdomen; Heteragrion archon De Marmels, 2008, and Heteragrion palmichale Hartung, 2002 have long, well developed paraprocts (not finger-like paraprocts); the ridge of cercus of Heteragrion bickorum Daigle, 2003 and Heteragrion chlorotaeniatum De Marmels, 1989 can be observed in lateral view, looking like a convexity at middorsal half of their length, but this ridge is not visible in H. tatama; Heteragrion valgum Donnelly, 1992 has terminal abdominal segments pale on dorsum and cercus without ventrobasal convexity. Heteragrion bariai De Marmels, 1989, and Heteragrion breweri De Marmels, 1989 have a distance between bifurcation of medial process and apex of cercus close to one fourth the length of cercus similar to H. aequatoriale, while this distance is close to one third the length of cercus in H. tatama (Fig. 6d–f).
Females: Williamson (1919) provided the only known key for females in what is today Lencioni´s group B, which is based on coloration pattern and only includes seven species. Here besides of the coloration pattern we present pictures of morphological diagnostic traits for seven species (Figs 4a, c–e, g–p; 5a–d; 9c–f), which could be used to identify the females of the genus, such as apex of genital valves, denticles on genital valves and prothoracic intersternite.
Distribution. Heteragrion tatama sp. nov. is known only from Risaralda Department, Tatamá National Park in Colombia, from 1,350 to 1,700 m a.s.l. (Fig. 2).
Biology. This species is common and abundant in first and second order streams inside cloud forest, where males are distributed along the streams and females can be found in the surrounding forest. S8 of males expands and looks swollen when they are active, usually while defending territories. Tandem pairs were not common, two pairs were observed close to noon while ovipositing into live roots in the stream.
description: Published as part of Bota-Sierra, Cornelio Andrés & Novelo-Gutiérrez, Rodolfo, 2017, The genus Heteragrion (Odonata: Zygoptera) in Northwestern Colombia, with the description of Heteragrion tatama sp. nov., pp. 553-571 in Zootaxa 4347 (3) on pages 567-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4347.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/1048659