cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A classical reactive potential for molecular clusters of sulphuric acid and water
Creators: name: Stinson, Jake L.
name: Kathmann, Shawn M.
name: Ford, Ian J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a two-state empirical valence bond (EVB) potential describing interactions between sulphuric acid and water molecules and designed to model proton transfer between them within a classical dynamical framework. The potential has been developed in order to study the properties of molecular clusters of these species, which are thought to be relevant to atmospheric aerosol nucleation. The particle swarm optimisation method has been used to fit the parameters of the EVB model to density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Features of the parametrised model and DFT data are compared and found to be in satisfactory agreement. In particular, it is found that a single sulphuric acid molecule will donate a proton when clustered with four water molecules at 300 K and that this threshold is temperature dependent.
A Data Fusion Monitoring Method for PV Systems in Comparison with Classical Monitoring Methods
Creators: name: Linhart, A.
name: Schmiegel, A.U.
name: Lethmate, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3947-3951
description: Monitoring methods for PV systems that automatically detect failures and disturbances are
desirable for reliable and cost-efficient plant operation. While it is possible to use standard monitoring system
measurements such as string power and irradiance to construct simple failure detection methods, a high detection
rate of real plant failures is usually connected to a high rate of false alarms. The detection and false alarm rates of
different detection methods can be compared using Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis. In this paper, it is
shown that the detection performances of classical detection methods based on string comparison and
performance ratio can be improved by combining two features into a data fusion method.
Index to War Diaries for the 1st, 2nd, and 4th Battalions of the Canadian Scottish Regiment
Creators: name: Canada. Canadian Army. Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's)
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Canada. Canadian Army
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/531187
subject: Canada. Canadian Army. Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's)
subject: World War (1939-1945)
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1180924
subject: War diaries
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1745536

description: This index lists the volumes of the war diaries and the dates they cover for the 1st, 2nd and 4th Battalions of the Canadian Scottish Regiment.
Dispensing of Etching Paste and Inkjetting of Diffusion Barriers for MWT Solar Cell Processing
Creators: name: Spribille, A.
name: Clement, F.
name: Erath, D.
name: Specht, J.
name: Biro, D.
name: Preu, R.
name: Köhler, I.
name: Doll, O.
name: Stockum, W.
name: Tüshaus, C.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2654-2658
description: MWT (metal wrap through) solar cells [1] address the target of reaching higher efficiencies, while only
requiring two additional process steps compared with conventional solar cells [2]. To further reduce the production costs of
MWT solar cells one possibility is to reduce the breakage, which mainly occurs during the production from cell to module
and is caused by laser grooves on the rear. These laser grooves isolate the n- from the p-contacts and almost run across the
whole cell. For this purpose two alternative isolation methods have been developed; one is based on the etching paste
SolarEtch® SiD [3], which etches a groove that replaces the laser groove; the other developed method is based on the
diffusion barrier SolarResist™ [4]. Apart from the advantage of less breakage the damaging impact of the laser on the
crystalline structure of the wafer is avoided.
The functionality of the developed methods has been verified on appropriate test structures. Furthermore the adaptability of
the methods has been proved by processing functional MWT solar cells with pFF values of around 82%. At the same time
the comparability with the laser groove has been shown by producing reference cells. The reliability was shown during
repeated runs of MWT cell production.
Developing Market Opportunities for Flexible Rooftop Applications of PV Using Flexible CIGS Technology: Market Considerations
Creators: name: Sabnani, L.
name: Skumanich, A.
name: Ryabova, E.
name: Noufi, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
PV and Architecture

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4064-4067
description: There has been a recent upsurge in developments for building-integrated phototovoltaics (BiPV) roof
top materials based on CIGS. Several new companies have increased their presence and are looking to bring products to
market for this application in 2011. For roof-top application, there are significant key requirements beyond just having
good conversion efficiency. Other attributes include lightweight, as well as moisture-proof, and fully functionally
reliable. The companies bringing these new BIPV/BAPV products need to ensure functionality with a rigorous series of
tests, and have an extensive set of "torture" tests to validate the capability. There is a convergence of form, aesthetics,
and physics to ensure that the CIGS BiPV deliver on their promises. This article will cover the developments in this
segment of the BiPV market and delve into the specific tests and measurements needed to characterize the products. The
potential market sizes are evaluated and the technical considerations developed.
War Diary of 1st Battalion Canadian Scottish Regiment, Vol. 68 - Appendix 05
Creators: name: Canada. Canadian Army. Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's)
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Canada. Canadian Army
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/531187
subject: Canada. Canadian Army. Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's)
subject: World War (1939-1945)
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1180924
subject: War diaries
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1745536

description: This appendix consists of a list of recommendations for citations.
Study on Alternative Mo Back Contact Materials for CIGS Solar Cells
Creators: name: Kamikawa-Shimizu, Y.
name: Shimada, S.
name: Furue, S.
name: Yamada, A.
name: Ishizuka, S.
name: Komaki, H.
name: Matsubara, K.
name: Shibata, H.
name: Nakanishi, H.
name: Niki, S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3095-3097
description: In this study, we explored the possibility of using alternative back contact metals for CIGS solar cells.
First, materials such as Al, Co, Cr, and Cu were sputter deposited on a soda lime glass (SLG) substrate. CIGS films
were then deposited on these materials by a three-stage process. Some of these alternative metals reacted with the Se
atmosphere and/or showed low adherability to the SLG substrates. Due to the instable nature of these metals, it was
difficult to carry out direct fabrication of CIGS solar cells with these metals as back contacts. Thin Mo cover layers
were found to be effective in preventing the alternative metals from reacting with Se These layers were also effective
in preventing the diffusion of metals into the CIGS absorbers. The thickness of the cover layer required to prevent
the diffusion of impurities into the CIGS absorbers decreased from 200 nm to 70 nm as the growth temperature
decreased from 520 °C to 400 °C. The efficiency of the solar cell with the Mo (70 nm)/Co (200 nm) back contact
grown at 400 °C was 14.1%.
Compositional characterisation of the Themis family
Creators: name: Marsset, M.
name: Vernazza, P.
name: Birlan, M.
name: DeMeo, F.
name: Binzel, R. P.
name: Dumas, C.
name: Milli, J.
name: Popescu, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. It has recently been proposed that the surface composition of icy main-belt asteroids (B-,C-,Cb-,Cg-,P-,and D-types) may be consistent with that of chondritic porous interplanetary dust particles (CPIDPs). Aims. In the light of this new association, we re-examine the surface composition of a sample of asteroids belonging to the Themis family in order to place new constraints on the formation and evolution of its parent body. Methods. We acquired NIR spectral data for 15 members of the Themis family and complemented this dataset with existing spectra in the visible and mid-infrared ranges to perform a thorough analysis of the composition of the family. Assuming end-member minerals and particle sizes (<2\mum) similar to those found in CPIDPs, we used a radiative transfer code adapted for light scattering by small particles to model the spectral properties of these asteroids. Results. Our best-matching models indicate that most objects in our sample possess a surface composition that is consistent with the composition of CP IDPs.We find ultra-fine grained Fe-bearing olivine glasses to be among the dominant constituents. We further detect the presence of minor fractions of Mg-rich crystalline silicates. The few unsuccessfully matched asteroids may indicate the presence of interlopers in the family or objects sampling a distinct compositional layer of the parent body. Conclusions. The composition inferred for the Themis family members suggests that the parent body accreted from a mixture of ice and anhydrous silicates (mainly amorphous) and subsequently underwent limited heating. By comparison with existing thermal models that assume a 400km diameter progenitor, the accretion process of the Themis parent body must have occurred relatively late (>4Myr after CAIs) so that only moderate internal heating occurred in its interior, preventing aqueous alteration of the outer shell.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Explaining NonLinear Classification Decisions with Deep Taylor Decomposition
Creators: name: Montavon, Grégoire
name: Bach, Sebastian
name: Binder, Alexander
name: Samek, Wojciech
name: Müller, Klaus-Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Nonlinear methods such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are the gold standard for various challenging machine learning problems, e.g., image classification, natural language processing or human action recognition. Although these methods perform impressively well, they have a significant disadvantage, the lack of transparency, limiting the interpretability of the solution and thus the scope of application in practice. Especially DNNs act as black boxes due to their multilayer nonlinear structure. In this paper we introduce a novel methodology for interpreting generic multilayer neural networks by decomposing the network classification decision into contributions of its input elements. Although our focus is on image classification, the method is applicable to a broad set of input data, learning tasks and network architectures. Our method is based on deep Taylor decomposition and efficiently utilizes the structure of the network by backpropagating the explanations from the output to the input layer. We evaluate the proposed method empirically on the MNIST and ILSVRC data sets.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures
Reducing the number of inputs in nonlocal games
Creators: name: Junge, Marius
name: Oikhberg, Timur
name: Palazuelos, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we show how a vector-valued version of Schechtman's empirical method can be used to reduce the number of inputs in a nonlocal game $G$ while preserving the quotient $β^*(G)/β(G)$ of the quantum over the classical bias. We apply our method to the Khot-Vishnoi game, with exponentially many questions per player, to produce another game with polynomially many ($N\approx n^8$) questions so that the quantum over the classical bias is $Ω(n/\log^2 n)$.
Phosphoric Anti-Reflective Coatings as Dopant Source and Front-Side Passivation for Industrial Silicon Solar Cell Manufacturing
Creators: name: Trogus, D.
name: Seiffe, J.
name: Pillath, F.
name: Hofmann, M.
name: Wolf, A.
name: Rentsch, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1361-1364
description: In this paper, we present the development and investigation of a multifunctional stack-layer plasma
deposition for silicon solar cells. The thin stack layer works as phosphorous source in high-temperature diffusion and
remains afterwards as front surface passivation and anti-reflective coating (ARC). This way the production of solar
cells can be significantly simplified as the wet-chemical removal of phosphosilicate glass (PSG) becomes redundant
and the diffusion step could be realised without a POCl3 atmosphere in an open inline furnace system. In this study it
is shown that it is possible to deposit such a layer in an industrial-type PECVD system using a double-layer stack of
a thin PSG layer and a silicon nitride capping layer. The investigated process steps results in an emitter saturation
current j0e < 120 fA/cm2 for a emitter sheet resistance of RE < 65 Ω/sq.
PV Potential Estimation Using 3D Local Scale Solar Radiation Model Based on Urban Lidar Data
Creators: name: Redweik, P.
name: Catita, C.
name: Brito, M.C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
PV and Architecture

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4081-4083
description: This paper describes a tool for the estimation of the photovoltaic potential of an urban area using
LIDAR data. The new method determines the insolation that falls both on roofs and the facades of buildings. It is a
useful tool for urban planning of PV dissemination at the local scale, providing detailed data on the insolation levels
as well as the most convenient location for the installation of PV modules. A test example was conducted at the
campus of the University of Lisbon.
Meridional motions and Reynolds stress from SDO/AIA coronal bright points data
Creators: name: Sudar, Davor
name: Saar, Steven H.
name: Skokić, Ivica
name: Beljan, Ivana Poljančić
name: Brajša, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. It is possible to detect and track coronal bright points (CBPs) in SDO/AIA images. Combination of high resolution and high cadence provides a wealth of data that can be used to determine velocity flows on the solar surface with very high accuracy. Aims. We derived a very accurate solar rotation profile and investigated meridional flows, torsional oscillations and horizontal Reynolds stress based on $\approx$6 months of SDO/AIA data. Methods. We used a segmentation algorithm to detect CBPs in SDO/AIA images. We also used invariance of the solar rotation profile with central meridian distance (CMD) to determine the height of CBPs in 19.3 nm channel. Results. Best fit solar rotation profile is given by $ω(b)=(14.4060\pm0.0051 + (-1.662\pm0.050)\sin^{2}b + (-2.742\pm0.081)\sin^{4}b)${\degr} day$^{-1}$. Height of CBPs in SDO/AIA 19.3 nm channel was found to be $\approx$6500 km. Meridional motion is predominantly poleward for all latitudes, while solar velocity residuals show signs of torsional oscillations. Horizontal Reynolds stress was found to be small compared to similar works, but still showing transfer of angular momentum towards the solar equator. Conclusion. Most of the results are consistent with Doppler measurements rather than tracer measurements. Fairly small calculated value of horizontal Reynolds stress might be due to the particular phase of the solar cycle. Accuracy of the calculated rotation profile indicates that it is possible to measure changes in the profile as the solar cycle evolves. Analysis of further SDO/AIA CBP data will also help in better understanding of the temporal behaviour of the rotation velocity residuals, meridional motions and Reynolds stress.
Emitter Performance Improvement of Multicrystalline Si Solar Cells by Controlling the N++ Layer
Creators: name: Komatsu, Y.
name: Anker, J.
name: Geerman, H.
name: Venema, P.R.
name: Stassen, A.F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1340-1344
description: The phosphorus concentration in the n++ layer (top layer of a phosphorus emitter) was lowered by either thinning or thickening the phosphosilicate glass (PSG) film as the dopant source. Reducing the concentration
by thickening the PSG combined with oxidation led to the improvement of the solar cell performance. Thinning the PSG by lowering the process temperature hardly showed positive effect. Reducing the sheet resistance from 66 ohm/square to 51-56 ohm/square by deepening the emitter depth itself and lowering the phosphorus concentration in the n++ layer resulted in a maximum efficiency gain of 0.3%abs for a uniform emitter structure. A selective emitter was fabricated through a process flow including two separate POCl3 diffusion steps. Significant increase of Voc by
18 mV was obtained resulting in an average efficiency gain of 0.5%abs and the largest of 0.7%abs for the best cell. Our 2 × POCl3 selective emitter process for multicrystalline silicon demonstrated the highest gain in efficiency and Voc, compared with to previously reported selective emitter approaches.
War Diary of 1st Battalion Canadian Scottish Regiment, Vol. 68 - Appendix 02
Creators: name: Canada. Canadian Army. Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's)
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Canada. Canadian Army
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/531187
subject: Canada. Canadian Army. Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's)
subject: World War (1939-1945)
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1180924
subject: War diaries
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1745536

description: This appendix consists of a handwritten report from the 7th Recee regaring Wagenborgen and a report on the Counter-Attack at SchalKhaar by Sgt. Minnis.
High resolution observations with Artemis-IV and the NRH. I. Type IV associated narrow-band bursts
Creators: name: Bouratzis, C.
name: Hillaris, A.
name: Alissandrakis, C. E.
name: Preka-Papadema, P.
name: Moussas, X.
name: Caroubalos, C.
name: Tsitsipis, P.
name: Kontogeorgos, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Narrow band bursts appear on dynamic spectra from microwave to decametric frequencies as fine structures with very small duration and bandwidth. They are thought to mark small scale magnetic reconnection. We analyzed 27 metric type-IV events with narrow band bursts observed by the ARTEMIS-IV radiospectrograph in 30/6/1999-1/8/2010. We examined the morphological characteristics of isolated narrow-band bursts and groups or chains of spikes. The events were recorded with the SAO (10 ms cadence) receiver of ARTEMIS-IV in the 270-450 MHz range. We measured the duration, spectral width, and frequency drift of ~12000 individual narrow-band bursts, groups, and chains. Spike sources were imaged with the NRH for the event of 21 April 2003. The mean duration of individual bursts at fixed frequency was ~100 ms, while the instantaneous relative bandwidth was ~2%. Some bursts had measurable frequency drift, positive or negative. Often spikes appeared in chains, which were closely spaced in time (column chains) or in frequency (row chains). Column chains had frequency drifts similar to IIId-bursts; most of the row chains exhibited negative drifts similar to fiber bursts. From the NRH data, we found that spikes were superimposed on a larger, slowly varying, background component. They were polarized in the same sense as the background source, with a slightly higher degree of polarization of ~65%, and their size was ~60% of their size in total intensity. The duration and bandwidth distributions did not show any clear separation in groups. Some chains tended to assume the form of zebra, lace stripes, fibers, or bursts of the type-III family, suggesting that such bursts might be resolved in spikes when viewed with high resolution. The NRH data indicate that the spikes are not fluctuations of the background, but represent additional emission such as what would be expected from small-scale reconnection.
description: 12 pages, 18 Figures Accepted Astronomy \& Astrophysics
Interface Characterization of Dry-Etched Emitters
Creators: name: Clement, C.
name: Seiffe, J.
name: Hofmann, M.
name: Rentsch, J.
name: Preu, R.
name: Naumann, V.
name: Werner, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1353-1357
description: The electrical quality of a diffused phosphorous emitter can be significantly improved by etching back
the defect-rich surface region (dead layer). This work focuses on the combination of a dry-etch process of the dead
layer and a subsequent inline PECVD deposition of the anti-reflective coating (ARC). As we will show in the present
work, the surface passivation of the ARC deposited on the plasma-etched surface is affected by a poor firing
stability. At a critical temperature of about 800°C, the firing stability of the plasma-etched samples is no longer
guaranteed. Therefore, the characteristics and the composition of the resulting Si/SiNx interface play a decisive role.
To investigate the reason for the firing-instability of the dry-etched samples, the interface is analyzed by transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS). The etch-back emitters
show a porous interface structure with a roughness of about 10 to 20 nm and strong blistering effects in the
SiNx layer.
War Diary of 1st Battalion Canadian Scottish Regiment, Vol. 68 - Appendix 07
Creators: name: Canada. Canadian Army. Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's)
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Canada. Canadian Army
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/531187
subject: War diaries
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1745536
subject: World War (1939-1945)
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1180924

description: This appendix consists of regimental history sent in by Capt. H.W. Mitchell. There is a report of Mitchell and another soldier being on guard during the night of April 12th, 1945 after taking the town of Deventer where they made the decision they felt best protected their sleeping Company and did not to engage with a group of heavily armed Germans who walked by and who were later captured by the Dutch underground. And a report titled "All in a Day's Work" dated October 24th, 1945 covering the operations up to and including the capture of the Dutch city of Deventer.
Period-Luminosity relations derived from the OGLE-III First-overtone mode Cepheids in the Magellanic Clouds
Creators: name: Bhardwaj, Anupam
name: Ngeow, Chow-Choong
name: Kanbur, Shashi M.
name: Singh, Harinder P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present multi-band Period-Luminosity (PL) relations for first-overtone mode Cepheids in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We derive optical band PL relations and the Wesenheit function using $VI$ mean magnitudes from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE-III) survey. We cross-match OGLE-III first-overtone mode Cepheids to the 2MASS and SAGE-SMC catalogs to derive PL relations at near-infrared ($JHK_s$) and mid-infrared ($3.6~\&~4.5μ\mathrm{m}$) wavelengths. We test for possible non-linearities in these PL relations using robust statistical tests and find a significant break only in the optical-band PL relations at 2.5 days for first-overtone mode Cepheids. We do not find statistical evidence for a non-linearity in these PL relations at 1 day. The multi-band PL relations for fundamental-mode Cepheids in the SMC also exhibit a break at 2.5 days. We suggest that the period break around 2.5 days is related to sharp changes in the light curve parameters for SMC Cepheids. We also derive new optical and mid-infrared band PL relations for first-overtone mode Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We compare multi-band PL relations for first-overtone mode Cepheids in the Magellanic Clouds and find a significant difference in the slope of the $V$-band PL relations but not for $I$-band PL relations. The slope of PL relations are found to be consistent in most of the infrared bands. A relative distance modulus of $Δμ=0.49\pm0.02$~mag between the two clouds is estimated using multi-band PL relations for the first-overtone mode Cepheids in the SMC and LMC.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures, Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Main Journal
Inline Microcrack Detection and Mechanical Stability of Silicon Wafers
Creators: name: Trautmann, M.
name: Mangold, K.
name: Hemsendorf, M.
name: Berge, C.
name: Probst, C.
name: Rüland, E.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2618-2621
description: Microcrack detection becomes more and more important in industrial solar cell production. In this work we
use a contactless optical method to correlate the presence, shape and size of microcracks with the mechanical strength of
solar wafers. Due to the outstanding detection capability of the optical method which shows even finest extensions of the
crack, our analysis for the first time achieves true and complete correlation between optical detection and mechanical
measured breakage force. To exclude any material dependence, the investigations have been carried out with a wide
range of wafers supplied by different wafer and cell manufacturers.
Focal shift of silicon microlens in mid-infrared regime
Creators: name: Zuo, Haijie
name: Zhang, Jiangyong
name: Ying, Leiying
name: Zhang, Baoping
name: Hou, Zhijin
name: Chen, Hongxu
name: Si, Junjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, rigorous numerical calculation was utilized to characterize the focal properties of mid-infrared silicon microlens with the size about tens of micrometers. It is found that the focal shift phenomenon also exists in mid-infrared regime, which behaves differently from that of visual and near-infrared wavelength. Focal properties of silicon microlens were also measured experimentally, showing well coherence with simulation results. Our results provide systemic understanding of focal shift in mid-infrared regime, at that wavelength special consideration should be paid in micro-nano optics, especially with the integration between infrared optical system and other devices.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, research article
Calibration of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells as Reference Devices for Cell Testers and Sorters
Creators: name: Balenzategui, J.L.
name: Rodríguez-Outón, I.
name: Chenlo, F.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2642-2648
description: Industrial manufacturing of silicon solar cells requires the use of in-line testing and sorting equipment
able to manage several thousands of cells per day. The reliability of these testing systems depends, at the end, on the
quality of reference solar cells of the same size and characteristics of those being produced in the plant, which are
used to set and to verify the tester/sorter performance. These reference cells are measured or calibrated by external
laboratories which are responsible of the transference of traceable values of the output parameters of the cell in given
working conditions. On the other hand, more than a calibration, manufacturers usually ask for the characterization of
the entire I–V curve of the reference devices at these given conditions. In this context, the purpose of this work is to
present the sequence of procedures being currently applied in our laboratory for the measurement and calibration of
commercial crystalline-silicon solar cells to be used as reference devices for testers/sorters and to review and discuss
some of the approaches, techniques and results obtained. A higher degree or harmonization between manufacturer
needs and laboratory requirements would probably be advisable in this field and then, basic aspects on calibration
and measurement of this kind of solar cells from a laboratory viewpoint are underlined.
Cosmological perturbation theory and quantum gravity
Creators: name: Brunetti, Romeo
name: Fredenhagen, Klaus
name: Hack, Thomas-Paul
name: Pinamonti, Nicola
name: Rejzner, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T20

description: It is shown how cosmological perturbation theory arises from a fully quantized perturbative theory of quantum gravity. Central for the derivation is a non-perturbative concept of gauge-invariant local observables by means of which perturbative invariant expressions of arbitrary order are generated. In particular, in the linearised theory, first order gauge-invariant observables familiar from cosmological perturbation theory are recovered. Explicit expressions of second order quantities are presented as well.
description: 18 pages
Decomposition of Time Series Data of Stock Markets and its Implications for Prediction: An Application for the Indian Auto Sector
Creators: name: Sen, Jaydip
name: Chaudhuri, Tamal Datta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the rapid development and evolution of sophisticated algorithms for statistical analysis of time series data, the research community has started spending considerable effort in technical analysis of such data. Forecasting is also an area which has witnessed a paradigm shift in its approach. In this work, we have used the time series of the index values of the Auto sector in India during January 2010 to December 2015 for a deeper understanding of the behavior of its three constituent components, e.g., the Trend, the Seasonal component, and the Random component. Based on this structural analysis, we have also designed three approaches for forecasting and also computed their accuracy in prediction using suitably chosen training and test data sets. The results clearly demonstrate the accuracy of our decomposition results and efficiency of our forecasting techniques, even in presence of a dominant Random component in the time series.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables. The paper is published in the Proceedings of the 2nd National Conference on Advances in Business Research and Management Practices (ABRMP'2016), January 8-9, 2016, Kolkata, INDIA
Stark effect spectroscopy of mono- and few-layer MoS$_{2}$
Creators: name: Klein, Julian
name: Wierzbowski, Jakob
name: Regler, Armin
name: Becker, Jonathan
name: Heimbach, Florian
name: Müller, Kai
name: Kaniber, Michael
name: Finley, Jonathan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate electrical control of the A-exciton interband transition in mono- and few-layer $MoS_{2}$ crystals embedded into photocapacitor devices via the DC Stark effect. Electric field dependent low-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals a significant tuneability of the A-exciton transition energy, up to $\sim 16 meV$, from which we extract the mean DC exciton polarisability $_{N} = (0.58 \pm 0.25) \cdot 10^{-8} DmV^{-1}$. The exciton polarisability is shown to be layer-independent, indicating a strong localisation of both electron and hole wave functions in each individual layer.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures in Nano Lett. 2016
Bipolar rings from jet-inflated bubbles around evolved binary stars
Creators: name: Akashi, Muhammad
name: Soker, Noam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a fast wind that expands into a bipolar nebula composed of two opposite jet-inflated bubbles can form a pair of bipolar rings around giant stars. Our model assumes three mass loss episodes: a spherical slow and dense shell, two opposite jets, and a spherical fast wind. We use the FLASH hydrodynamical code in three-dimensions to simulate the flow, and obtain the structure of the nebula. We assume that the jets are launched from an accretion disk around a stellar companion to the giant star. The accretion disk is assumed to be formed when the primary giant star and the secondary star suffer a strong interaction accompanied by a rapid mass transfer process from the primary to the secondary star, mainly a main sequence star. Later in the evolution the primary star is assumed to shrink and blow a fast tenuous wind that interacts with the dense gas on the surface of the bipolar structure. We assume that the dense mass loss episode before the jets are launched is spherically symmetric. Our results might be applicable to some planetary nebulae, and further emphasize the large variety of morphological features that can be formed by jets. But we could not reproduce some of the properties of the outer rings of SN1987A. It seems that some objects, like SN1987A, require a pre-jets mass loss episode with a mass concentration at mid-latitudes.
description: Submitted
Energy Simulation of a Building in Brasov Urban Area
Creators: name: Serban, C.
name: Visa, I.
name: Eftimie, E.
name: Coste, L.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
PV and Architecture

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4084-4088
description: Accurate and efficient simulations facilitate the analysis of large, complex systems behaviours and
performances. High-fidelity simulations help reduce expensive and time-consuming design tasks, such as prototype
building and testing and speed up the design, implementation, testing, and validation of the model. Moreover, such
models provide a comprehensive framework for experimental analysis of a variety of scenarios, thus eliminating the
over/undersize of the whole system. In this context, the paper proposes the energy analysis of a building in Braov,
Romania trying to determine the number of photovoltaic panels needed to produce the electrical energy necessary for
lighting and for the electric equipment. The electrical power output from a PV panel depends on the incident
radiation, the cell temperature, the solar incidence angle and the load resistance. Also the number, type and size of
batteries to supply power at night or when the PV system cannot meet the demand will be determined [1]. Numerical
simulations will be carried out using TRNSYS, one of the most reliable building energy simulation software.
TRNSYS has a weather database to predict the behaviour of PV installations, for many locations.
Is degree of chronic illness management in heart transplant centers associated with better patient survival? Findings from the intercontinental BRIGHT study
Creators: name: Cajita, Maan Isabella
name: Denhaerynck, Kris
name: Berben, Lut
name: Dobbels, Fabienne
name: Van Cleemput, Johan
name: Crespo-Leiro, Maria
name: Van Keer, Jan
name: Poncelet, Alain Jean
name: Russell, Cynthia
name: De Geest, Sabina
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Purpose: To explore the association between the degree of Chronic illness management and survival rates at 1-, 3-, 5-years post heart transplantation. Methods: Exploratory secondary analysis of a cross-sectional, international study (Building Research Initiative Group study). Latent profile analysis was performed to classify 36 heart transplant centers according to the degree of chronic illness management. Results: The analysis resulted in 2 classes with 29 centers classified as “low-degree chronic illness management” and 7 centers as “high-degree chronic illness management”. After 1-year posttransplantation, the high-degree chronic illness management class had a significantly greater mean survival rate compared to the low-degree chronic illness management class (88.4% vs 84.2%, p = 0.045) and the difference had a medium effect size (η2 =.06). No difference in survival for the other time points was observed. Patients in high-degree chronic illness management centers had 52% lower odds of moderate to severe drinking (95% confidence interval.30–.78, p = 0.003). No significant associations between degree of chronic illness management and the other recommended health behaviors were observed. Conclusions: The findings from this exploratory study offer preliminary insight into a system-level pathway (chronic illness management) for improving outcomes for heart transplant recipients. The signals observed in our data support further investigation into the effectiveness of chronic illness management-based interventions in heart transplant follow-up care.
Tailored Processing of Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Peter, K.
name: Eisert, S.
name: Díaz-Pérez, P.
name: Hejjo Al Rifai, M.
name: Eikelboom, E.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2622-2623
description: The purpose of the work is to change the efficiency distribution in the silicon solar cell production line in
a way, that especially the cells with lower performance are improved such that both the average efficiency increases and
the distribution shape becomes more narrow. In a first step different process parameters were defined to be investigated
on their possible impact to enable improvement of low performing cells. In a second step these parameters were
optimized and the results were analysed by statistical evaluation tools.
A protocol for transdifferentiation of human cardiac fibroblasts into endothelial cells via activation of innate immunity
Creators: name: Liu, Chun
Publisher: name: Health Research Alliance
Year: 2023
Subjects: Cell development, proliferation and death

description: Endothelial cells (ECs) have emerged as key pathogenic players in cardiac disease due to their proximity with cardiomyocytes. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been employed to generate ECs. However, it may be more clinically relevant to transdifferentiate fibroblasts into ECs directly without introducing pluripotent or virally driven transcription factors. Here, we present a protocol that describes the direct conversion of human cardiac fibroblasts into ECs by leveraging the innate immune system. Our protocol produces bona fide human ECs with 95%–98% purity by first passage.
Fabrication of CIGS Solar Cells with Thinner Absorber Layers
Creators: name: Kamikawa-Shimizu, Y.
name: Furue, S.
name: Yamada, A.
name: Ishizuka, S.
name: Komaki, H.
name: Matsubara, K.
name: Shibata, H.
name: Niki, S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3091-3094
description: In this study, the thickness of the CIGS absorber was reduced from conventional value of 1.8 μm to 0.6 μm.
The temperature during the growth of the CIGS absorbers was measured in situ using a pyrometer. Clear oscillations which
were caused by thickness interference, and compositional stoichiometry points were observed in the temperature profile
regardless of their final thickness, which enabled us fabrication of thin CIGS solar cells with high reproducibility. All CIGS
absorbers were found to have a large grain size of ~1 μm which is characteristic of a three-stage growth process. The
efficiencies were found to decrease as the thickness of the CIGS absorbers decreased, mainly due to the transmittance loss.
An efficiency of 15.0% was obtained in the case of a CIGS solar cell with a 0.75-μm-thick (less than half the conventional
value) absorber layer and a 0.4-μm-thick (half the conventional value) Mo back contact.
Clinical trial in a dish using iPSCs shows lovastatin improves endothelial dysfunction and cellular cross-talk in LMNA cardiomyopathy
Creators: name: Liu, Chun
Publisher: name: Health Research Alliance
Year: 2023
Subjects: Cardiology (incl. cardiovascular diseases)

description: Mutations in LMNA, the gene that encodes lamin A and C, causes LMNA-related dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or cardiolaminopathy. LMNA is expressed in endothelial cells (ECs); however, little is known about the EC-specific phenotype of LMNA-related DCM. Here, we studied a family affected by DCM due to a frameshift variant in LMNA. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)–derived ECs were generated from patients with LMNA-related DCM and phenotypically characterized. Patients with LMNA-related DCM exhibited clinical endothelial dysfunction, and their iPSC-ECs showed decreased functionality as seen by impaired angiogenesis and nitric oxide (NO) pro- duction. Moreover, genome-edited isogenic iPSC lines recapitulated the EC disease phenotype in which LMNA-corrected iPSC-ECs showed restoration of EC function. Simultaneous profiling of chromatin accessibility and gene expression dynamics by combining assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) as well as loss-of-function studies identified Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) as a potential transcription factor responsible for the EC dysfunction. Gain-of-function studies showed that treatment of LMNA iPSC-ECs with KLF2 agonists, including lovastatin, rescued the EC dysfunction. Patients with LMNA-related DCM treated with lovastatin showed improvements in clinical endothelial dysfunction as indicated by increased reactive hyperemia index. Furthermore, iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) from patients ex- hibiting the DCM phenotype showed improvement in CM function when cocultured with iPSC-ECs and lovastatin. These results suggest that impaired cross-talk between ECs and CMs can contribute to the pathogenesis of LMNA- related DCM, and statin may be an effective therapy for vascular dysfunction in patients with cardiolaminopathy.
ALPINE - Advanced Lasers for Photovoltaic Industrial Processing Enhancement
Creators: name: Selleri, S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3098-3100
description: The aim of this paper is to present the activity of the FP7 EU funded ALPINE project whose research
core is the development of fiber laser systems for scribing photovoltaic modules realized by using two of the most
appealing technologies, that is CdTe and CIS or CIGS based thin films. The project consortium focuses its work on
lasers realized by means of a new generation of optical fibers, that is photonic crystal fibers, which assure high
brilliance, high efficiency and premium beam quality. These fibre lasers are intended to optimize all of the three laser
scribing steps, P1, P2 and P3, for both photovoltaic substrate or superstrate configurations.
Nanoimprinted Anti Reflection Texturing for Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Plachetka, U.
name: Moormann, C.
name: Koo, N.
name: Kim, J.
name: Pletzer, T.M.
name: Windgassen, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1345-1348
description: In this paper we present fabrication methods and measurement results on nanoimprinted anti-reflection
structures in the size regime were the period p (470nm) is similar to the wavelength of light (≈p). The fabrication
methods, starting off with master and template fabrication, are described followed by details on the main nanoreplication
technique, Soft UV-NIL. Subsequently, a modified two step RIE-based pattern transfer process is
depicted. Measurements and finite difference time domain (FDTD)-simulations are examined to investigate the
influence of depth and coverage of pattern on the reflection. A comparison with standard anti-reflection (AR)-coating
to rank the performance is made.
Assessing Design, Installation and Operational Flaws: Mitigating Risks for PV Project Financing
Creators: name: Goy, S.
name: Tjendgdrawira, C.
name: Woyte, A.
name: Crotteux, J.
name: Irissou, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3952-3957
description: Based on results of guidance and due diligence assessments carried out by 3E as an independent
consultant, this paper summarizes the lessons learned and the main risks associated with the design and development
of grid-connected projects in several countries over 2009-2011. Totalizing more than 200 projects references, 3E
selected for its data set close to 10 contracts reviews, 40 due diligence assessments and 23 commissioning carried out
in EU, and 33 module technical assessments realized in EU, US and Asia. Data from monitoring are as well
considered in the present paper. The various issues are statistically analysed and documented; their impacts on the
projects are evaluated.