cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Does economic inequality breed political inequality?
Creators: name: Houle, Christian
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Does economic inequality generate political inequality? While there is a large literature on the effect of inequality on regime change and support for democracy, there is little research on its effect on political equality across socioeconomic positions. Yet democracy and political equality, although related, are distinct concepts. While political power tends to be more evenly distributed in democracies than in autocracies, there is substantial variation in both regime types. This study argues that economic inequality should decrease political equality through multiple mechanisms: (1) it increases the resources of the rich relative to the poor; (2) it widens the gap in policy preferences across income groups; (3) it reduces participation; and (4) it depresses support for democracy. Using three measures of inequality and data on more than 140 countries between 1961 and 2008, it was found that economic inequality tends to increase political inequality, even when one controls for the level of democracy. Results hold when the sample is restricted by regime type. Finally, evidence in favour of the mechanisms is provided.
Gemini/GMOS Spectroscopy of the Spheroid and Globular Cluster System of NGC 3923
Creators: name: Norris, Mark A.
name: Sharples, Ray M.
name: Bridges, Terry
name: Gebhardt, Karl
name: Forbes, Duncan A.
name: Proctor, Robert
name: Faifer, Favio Raul
name: Forte, Juan Carlos
name: Beasley, Michael A.
name: Zepf, Stephen E.
name: Hanes, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a technique to extract ultra-deep diffuse-light spectra from the standard multi-object spectroscopic observations used to investigate extragalactic globular cluster (GC) systems. This technique allows a clean extraction of the spectrum of the host galaxy diffuse light from the same slitlets as the GC targets. We show the utility of the method for investigating the kinematics and stellar populations of galaxies at radii much greater than usually probed in longslit studies, at no additional expense in terms of telescope time. To demonstrate this technique we present Gemini/GMOS spectroscopy of 29 GCs associated with the elliptical galaxy NGC 3923. We compare the measured stellar population parameters of the GC system with those of the spheroid of NGC 3923 at the same projected radii, and find the GCs to have old ages (> 10 Gyr), [alpha/Fe]~0.3 and a range of metallicities running from [Z/H] = -1.8 to +0.35. The diffuse light of the galaxy is found to have ages, metallicities and [alpha/Fe] abundance ratios indistinguishable from those of the red GCs.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Der Weg einer Zeitschrift zu Open Access in einem inter- und transdisziplinären Setting
Creators: name: Klee, Andreas
name: Krehl, Angelika
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Fachzeitschrift
Interdisziplinarität
Publikationskulturen
Raumwissenschaften

description: Die seit 1936 bestehende Zeitschrift „Raumforschung und Raumordnung Spatial Research and Planning“ (RuR) wurde zum Jahreswechsel 2018/2019 von einem klassischen Subskriptionsmodell in ein Open Access-Modell (goldener Weg) überführt. Die Zeitschrift versteht sich als interdisziplinäres Forum für raumbezogene Themen aus unterschiedlichen Fächern (z.B. Raumplanung, Geographie, Städtebau, Soziologie, Ökonomie, Landschaftsökologie) sowie als Ort wissenschaftlicher Debatten praxisrelevanter Fragen. Damit ist sie nicht nur in unterschiedlichen disziplinären Publikationskulturen verankert, sondern bildet auch die unterschiedlichen Publikationsweisen von Wissenschaftlerinnen/Wissenschaftlern und Praktikerinnen/Praktikern ab.

 Vor diesem Hintergrund geht der Vortrag der Frage nach, welche Strategie die Zeitschrift angesichts der in den einzelnen Disziplinen und der Praxis der räumlichen Planung unterschiedlichen Verständnisse, Praktiken und Wertschätzungen von Open Access verfolgen soll, um als Publikationsort noch attraktiver zu werden. Aufbauend auf einem kurzen Überblick über disziplin- und tätigkeitsspezifische Publikationskulturen und -prozesse werden die Chancen und Risiken bei der Open Access Umstellung von RuR aus der Sicht von Herausgebenden und Schriftleitung skizziert. Ergänzt werden diese Einschätzungen durch verschiedene empirische Grundlagen: die administrativen und redaktionellen Erfahrungen der Editor-in-Chiefs der Zeitschrift mit dem Wechsel zu Open Access, die Ergebnisse einer Befragung von Autorinnen und Autoren der Zeitschrift zum Thema Open Access sowie Gespräche mit Expertinnen und Experten aus den unterschiedlichen, in RuR vertretenen Disziplinen. Die Auswertung der empirischen Grundlagen erfolgt, indem die Erwartungen von Herausgebenden und Editors-in-Chief an die Open Access-Umstellung an der Wahrnehmung und Bewertung dieser Umstellung seitens der Autorinnen/Autoren sowie Expertinnen/Experten gespiegelt werden.

 Der Vortrag schließt mit einem Zwischenfazit, was die Open Access-Umstellung für RuR bedeutet (hat), sowie mit konzeptionellen Überlegungen, die über die Weiterentwicklung der Zeitschrift hinausreichen. Sie beinhalten Hinweise, wie Open Access im wissenschaftlichen Publizieren disziplinspezifisch wie disziplinübergreifend professionalisiert werden kann und welche Auswirkungen für disziplinspezifische Qualitäts- und Exzellenzkriterien bestehen.
Emergent gravity from relatively local Hamiltonians and a possible resolution of the black hole information puzzle
Creators: name: Lee, Sung-Sik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study a possibility where gravity and time emerge from quantum matter. Within the Hilbert space of matter fields defined on a spatial manifold, we consider a sub-Hilbert space spanned by states which are parameterized by spatial metric. In those states, metric is introduced as a collective variable that controls local structures of entanglement. The underlying matter fields endow the states labeled by metric with an unambiguous inner product. Then we construct a Hamiltonian for the matter fields that is an endomorphism of the sub-Hilbert space, thereby inducing a quantum Hamiltonian of the metric. It is shown that there exists a matter Hamiltonian that induces the general relativity in the semi-classical field theory limit. Although the Hamiltonian is not local in the absolute sense, it has a weaker notion of locality, called relative locality : the range of interactions is set by the entanglement present in target states on which the Hamiltonian acts. In general, normalizable states are not invariant under the transformations generated by the Hamiltonian. As a result, a physical state spontaneously breaks the Hamiltonian constraint, and picks a moment of time. The subsequent flow of time can be understood as a Goldstone mode associated with the broken symmetry. The construction allows one to study dynamics of gravity from the perspective of matter fields. The Hawking radiation corresponds to a unitary evolution where entanglement across horizon is gradually transferred from color degrees of freedom to singlet degrees of freedom. The underlying quantum states remain pure as evaporating black holes keep entanglement with early Hawking radiations in the singlet sector which is not captured by the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy.
description: 66 pages, 19 figures; v4) minor typos corrected
Long-term evolution of the heliospheric magnetic field inferred from cosmogenic $^{44}$Ti activity in meteorites
Creators: name: Mancuso, S.
name: Taricco, C.
name: Colombetti, P.
name: Rubinetti, S.
name: Sinha, N.
name: Bhandari, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Typical reconstructions of historic heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) $B_{\rm HMF}$ are based on the analysis of the sunspot activity, geomagnetic data or on measurement of cosmogenic isotopes stored in terrestrial reservoirs like trees ($^{14}$C) and ice cores ($^{10}$Be). The various reconstructions of $B_{\rm HMF}$ are however discordant both in strength and trend. Cosmogenic isotopes, which are produced by galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) impacting on meteoroids and whose production rate is modulated by the varying HMF convected outward by the solar wind, may offer an alternative tool for the investigation of the HMF in the past centuries. In this work, we aim to evaluate the long-term evolution of $B_{\rm HMF}$ over a period covering the past twenty-two solar cycles by using measurements of the cosmogenic $^{44}$Ti activity ($τ_{1/2} = 59.2 \pm 0.6$ yr) measured in 20 meteorites which fell between 1766 and 2001. Within the given uncertainties, our result is compatible with a HMF increase from $4.87^{+0.24}_{-0.30}$ nT in 1766 to $6.83^{+0.13}_{-0.11}$ nT in 2001, thus implying an overall average increment of $1.96^{+0.43}_{-0.35}$ nT over 235 years since 1766 reflecting the modern Grand maximum. The $B_{\rm HMF}$ trend thus obtained is then compared with the most recent reconstructions of the near-Earth heliospheric magnetic field strength based on geomagnetic, sunspot number and cosmogenic isotope data.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Boosted Sampling: Approximation Algorithms for Stochastic Optimization
Creators: name: Gupta, Anupam
name: Pál, Martin
name: Ramamoorthi Ravi
name: Sinha, Amitabh
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Several combinatorial optimization problems choose elements to minimize the total cost of constructing a feasible solution that satisfies requirements of clients. For example, in the STEINER TREE problem, edges must be chosen to connect terminals (clients); in VERTEX COVER, vertices must be chosen to cover edges (clients); in FACILITY LOCATION, facilities must be chosen and demand vertices (clients) connected to these chosen facilities. We consider a stochastic version of such a problem where the solution is constructed in two stages: Before the actual requirements materialize, we can choose elements in a first stage. The actual requirements are then revealed, drawn from a pre-specified probability distribution π; thereupon, some more elements may be chosen to obtain a feasible solution for the actual requirements. However, in this second (recourse) stage, choosing an element is costlier by a factor of σ > 1. The goal is to minimize the first stage cost plus the expected second stage cost. We give a general yet simple technique to adapt approximation algorithms for several deterministic problems to their stochastic versions via the following method. • First stage: Draw σ independent sets of clients from the distribution π and apply the approximation algorithm to construct a feasible solution for the union of these sets. • Second stage: Since the actual requirements have now been revealed, augment the first-stage solution to be feasible for these requirements. We use this framework to derive constant factor approximations for stochastic versions of VERTEX COVER, STEINER TREE and UNCAPACITATED FACILITY LOCATION for arbitrary distributions π in one fell swoop. For special (product) distributions, we obtain additional and improved results. Our techniques adapt and use the notion of strict cost-shares introduced in [5].
The Growth of Bubbles in Cosmological Phase Transitions
Creators: name: Ignatius, J.
name: Kajantie, K.
name: Kurki-Suonio, H.
name: Laine, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how bubbles grow after the initial nucleation event in generic first-order cosmological phase transitions characterised by the values of latent heat, interface tension and correlation length, and driven by a scalar order parameter $ϕ$. Equations coupling $ϕ$ and the fluid variables $v$ and $T$ and depending on a dissipative constant $Γ$ are derived and solved numerically in the 1+1 dimensional case starting from a slightly deformed critical bubble configuration. Parameters corresponding to QCD and electroweak phase transitions are chosen and the whole history of the bubble with formation of combustion and shock fronts is computed as a function of $Γ$. Both deflagrations and detonations can appear depending on the values of the parameters. Reheating due to collisions of bubbles is also computed.
description: 24 LaTeX-pages with 20 figures not included. The complete PostScript file, including figures, is available by anonymous ftp from fltxc.helsinki.fi, as /pub/bubble.ps, or as a hardcopy by airmail (a dublicate lies at nic.funet.fi:/pub/sci/physics/papers/bubble.ps). Helsinki Preprint HU-TFT-93-43
Spitzer Observations of the North Ecliptic Pole
Creators: name: Nayyeri, H.
name: Ghotbi, N.
name: Cooray, A.
name: Bock, J.
name: Clements, D. L.
name: Im, M.
name: Kim, M. G.
name: Korngut, P.
name: Lanz, A.
name: Lee, H. M.
name: Lee, D. H.
name: Malkan, M.
name: Matsuhara, H.
name: Matsumoto, T.
name: Matsuura, S.
name: Nam, U. W.
name: Pearson, C.
name: Serjeant, S.
name: Smidt, J.
name: Tsumura, K.
name: Wada, T.
name: Zemcov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a photometric catalog for Spitzer Space Telescope warm mission observations of the North Ecliptic Pole (NEP; centered at $\rm R.A.=18^h00^m00^s$, $\rm Decl.=66^d33^m38^s.552$). The observations are conducted with IRAC in 3.6 $μ$m and 4.5 $μ$m bands over an area of 7.04 deg$^2$ reaching 1$σ$ depths of 1.29 $μ$Jy and 0.79 $μ$Jy in the 3.6 $μ$m and 4.5 $μ$m bands respectively. The photometric catalog contains 380,858 sources with 3.6 $μ$m and 4.5 $μ$m band photometry over the full-depth NEP mosaic. Point source completeness simulations show that the catalog is 80% complete down to 19.7 AB. The accompanying catalog can be utilized in constraining the physical properties of extra-galactic objects, studying the AGN population, measuring the infrared colors of stellar objects, and studying the extra-galactic infrared background light.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures and 3 tables. Accepted to the ApJS
The Angular Clustering of Distant Galaxy Clusters
Creators: name: Papovich, Casey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the angular clustering of galaxy clusters at z > 1 selected within 50 sq. deg from the Spitzer Wide-Infrared Extragalactic survey. We employ a simple color selection to identify high redshift galaxies with no dependence on galaxy rest-frame optical color using Spitzer IRAC 3.6 and 4.5 micron photometry. The majority (>90%) of galaxies with z > 1.3 are identified with [3.6] - [4.5] > -0.1 AB mag. We identify candidate galaxy clusters at z > 1 by selecting overdensities of >26-28 objects with [3.6] - [4.5] > -0.1 mag within radii of 1.4 arcminutes, which corresponds to r < 0.5 Mpc/h at z=1.5. These candidate galaxy clusters show strong angular clustering, with an angular correlation function represented by w(theta) = (3.1 +/- 0.5) theta^(-1.1 +/- 0.1) with theta in units of arcminutes over scales of 2-100 arcminutes. Assuming the redshift distribution of these galaxy clusters follows a fiducial model, these galaxy clusters have a spatial-clustering scale length r_0 = 22.4 +/- 3.6 Mpc/h, and a comoving number density n = 1.2 +/- 0.1 x 10^-6 (Mpc/h)^-3. The correlation scale length and number density of these objects are comparable to those of rich galaxy clusters at low redshift. The number density of these high-redshift clusters correspond to dark-matter halos larger than 3-5 x 10^13 h^-1 solar masses at z=1.5. Assuming the dark halos hosting these high-redshift clusters grow following Lambda-CDM models, these clusters will reside in halos larger than 1-2 x 10^14 h^-1 solar masses at z=0.2, comparable to rich galaxy clusters.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 12 pages in emulateapj format, 10 figures (some in color). Comments welcome
Grimmia cribrosa Hedw.
Creators: name: Price, Michelle J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Bryophyta
Bryopsida
Grimmiales
Grimmiaceae
Grimmia
Grimmia cribrosa

description: BN: Grimmia cribrosa Hedw.,
Sp. Musc. Frond.: 76. 1801.
CN / SY: Coscinodon cribrosus (Hedw.) Spruce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, 3: 491. 1849.
PL: In petris Goslariae, nec non Hassiae montis Meisner elegantem speciem primi dexerunt Persoon et Schrader.
LI: Grimmia cribrosa Hedw. St. Cr. Vol.III.p. 73.t. 31. A [a J Hedw. b. a Goslar c. Gogendbrug am Ochsenkopf c. An der Mühle unter der Salbergstra e Schwarzenbg. (illegible word) e Scotia Arnott 1839].
LT: DEGUCHI (1978: 244), holotype in G [G00040082]; PRICE & MAIER (2011b: 795), lectotype in G, “the element annotated “b’’ (Fig. 2, element 2) on the original Hedwig herbarium sheet [G00040083] in G. This element corresponds to fig. 3 of t. 31 in Hedwig (1791-1792)” [G00040083].
Figure: PRICE (2005: Fig. 105), PRICE & MAIER (2011b: Fig. 2, with lectotype indicated).
Notes: The specimen identified as the holotype by Deguchi (1978: 244) was not original Hedwig material (see discussion in PRICE & MAIER 2011 a).
description: Published as part of Price, Michelle J., 2014, Hedwig-Schwägrichen types catalogue update (1): new typifications and typification corrections, pp. 119-133 in Candollea 69 (2) on page 124, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v692a3, http://zenodo.org/record/5715296
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Chaugey et Maison-Dieu (Fin XVe siècle), Cart. 181 (11 H 754), 165 folios, f. 0054
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2017
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Chaugey et Maison-Dieu (Fin XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 181 (11 H 754), 165 folios, f. 0054, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Chaugey et Maison-Dieu (Fin XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 181 (11 H 754), 165 folios, f. 0054, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Boolean Regression
Creators: name: E.  Boros
name: P. L. Hammer
name: Hooker, John N.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We take a regression-based approach to the problem of induction, which is the problem of inferring general rules from specific instances. Whereas traditional regression analysis fits a numerical formula to data, we fit a logical formula to boolean data. We can, for instance, construct an expert system for fitting rules to an expert's observed behavior. A regression-based approach has the advantage of providing tests of statistical significance as well as other tools of regression analysis. Our approach can be extended to nonboolean discrete data, and we argue that it is better suited to rule construction than logit and other types of categorical data analysis. We find maximum likelihood and bayesian estimates of a best-fitting boolean function or formula and show that bayesian estimates are more appropriate. We also derive confidence and significance levels. We show that finding the best-fitting logical formula is a pseudo-boolean optimization problem, and finding the best-fitting monotone function is a network flow problem.
Additional file 6 of Transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway associated with ramie (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud.) leaf color formation
Creators: name: Feng, Xinkang
name: Gao, Gang
name: Yu, Chunming
name: Zhu, Aiguo
name: Chen, Jikang
name: Chen, Kunmei
name: Wang, Xiaofei
name: Abubakar, Aminu Shehu
name: Chen, Ping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 6 Fig. S3: Top20 enrichment analysis of KEGG. (A) HX1-vs-ZZ1 (Up); (B) HX1-vs-ZZ1 (Down).
title: Disciplinary Practices, Bullying and the Making Of Boys And Girls: a Qualitative Case Study Research in a Secondary School In Nigeria.
Creators: name: Oputa, Omesham Noelle
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 2020

description: This thesis investigates the construction of gender identities in relation to disciplinary practices and bullying in a secondary school setting in Nigeria. It is a qualitative case-study research set in a state secondary school in North-Central, Nigeria. The main data sources are interviews with government officials, teachers and students, participant observations and student diaries. Subsequent interviews were conducted with students who graduated from the research school two years after the initial fieldwork. This thesis draws on social constructivist theories and conceptualises schools as both institutional agents and settings in the construction of gender identities. The findings of the research revealed a high prevalence of use of corporal punishment and an entrenched system of bullying in the school. It is argued that discipline involving both the use of corporal punishment and repeated inculcation of values is crucial not only in fashioning students’ behaviours towards acceptable gender ideals but also an important resource employed by teachers to re-establish a hierarchical structure of relations hinged on cultural notions of seniority and respect. Empirical data also led to the theorisation of bullying as a system from a contextual institutional and socio-cultural approach to studying bullying. Boys and girls in the research school constructed their identities around bullying in several ways; by engaging in bullying as collective practices of gender within peer groups, hazing rituals and a system of apprenticeship where newcomers- junior boys -school sons take on the positions of apprentices in order to learn and progress towards having their status established within the system of bullying and achieve dominance over other students through required performances of masculinity under the tutorship of senior male bullies- their school fathers. An analysis of existing legal and policy frameworks on corporal punishment and bullying in Nigeria and interviews with government officials indicated that although the 2003 Child Rights Act prohibits the use of corporal punishment in schools in Nigeria, there is currently no framework that addresses the issue of bullying. The 2003 Child Rights Act is also not without implementation issues. A general perception by both teachers and government officials that the provisions in the Act are inconsistent with socio-cultural and religious norms as well as coordination and finance problems are major hindrances to the implementation of this framework in schools in Nigeria.
Dynamics of a quantum emitter resonantly coupled to both external field and localized surface plasmon
Creators: name: Nerkararyan, Khachatur V.
name: Yezekyan, Torgom S.
name: Bozhevolnyi, Sergey I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate excitation dynamics in the system of a quantum dipole emitter (QDE) coupled to a located nearby metal nanoparticle (MNP), which exhibits a dipolar localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance at the frequency of the QDE radiative transition, in the presence of a strong external resonant electromagnetic field. Considering the QDE-field interactions in the regime of strong QDE-field coupling, we show that the feedback provided by the MNP on the QDE (due to the LSP excitation with the field generated by the dipole moment of the QDE transition) influences significantly the coherent process of Rabi oscillations, resulting in the occurrence of additional satellite frequencies in the radiation spectrum scattered by the QDE-MNP configuration. The relative ratio of high harmonics depends strongly on the QDE-MNP separation, an important characteristic feature that can be used for observing this effect and exploited, for example, for controlling distances at nanoscale.
description: 17 pages, including 6 figures and 33 references
The Nambu--Jona-Lasinio Model of QCD on the Lattice
Creators: name: Bitar, K. M.
name: Vranas, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an effort to investigate some of the low energy properties of QCD, in particular those related to chiral symmetry breaking, as well as to obtain insights on the behavior of an interacting theory of fermions on the lattice, the two flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model with $SU(2) \times SU(2)$ chiral symmetry is studied on the four--dimensional hypercubic lattice using large $N$ techniques and numerical simulations. Naive and Wilson fermions are considered and transparent results are obtained regarding the following: the scalar and pseudoscalar spectrum, the approach to the continuum and chiral limits, the size of the $1/N$ corrections, and the effects of the zero momentum fermionic modes on finite lattices. Also, some interesting observations are made by viewing the model as an embedding theory of the Higgs sector. Note: The full ps file of this preprint is also available via anonymous ftp to ftp.scri.fsu.edu. To get the ps file, ftp to this address and use for username "anonymous" and for password your name. The file is in the directory pub/vranas (to go to that directory type: cd pub/vranas) and is called NJL.ps (to get it type: get NJL.ps)
description: 10 pages, LaTex file. FSU-SCRI-93-127
Geometric Precipices in String Cosmology
Creators: name: Kaloper, Nemanja
name: Watson, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the effects of graviton multiplet fields on transitions between string gas phases. Focusing on the dilaton field, we show that it may obstruct transitions between different thermodynamic phases of the string gas, because the sign of its dimensionally reduced, $T$-duality invariant, part is conserved when the energy density of the universe is positive. Thus, many interesting solutions for which this sign is positive end up in a future curvature singularity. Because of this, some of the thermodynamic phases of the usual gravitating string gases behave like superselection sectors. For example, a past-regular Hagedorn phase and an expanding FRW phase dominated by string momentum modes cannot be smoothly connected in the framework of string cosmology with positive sources. The singularity separates them like a geometric precipice in the moduli space, preventing the dynamics of the theory from bridging across. Sources which simultaneously violate the positivity of energy and NEC could modify these conclusions. We provide a quantitative measure of positivity of energy and NEC violations that would be necessary for such transitions. These effects must dominate the universe at the moment of transition, altering the standard gas pictures. At present, it is not known how to construct such sources from first principles in string theory.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures, References added, accepted in PRD
Conversion Efficiencies of Heteronuclear Feshbach Molecules
Creators: name: Watabe, Shohei
name: Nikuni, Tetsuro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the conversion efficiency of heteronuclear Feshbach molecules in population imbalanced atomic gases formed by ramping the magnetic field adiabatically. We extend the recent work [J. E. Williams et al., New J. Phys., 8, 150 (2006)] on the theory of Feshbach molecule formations to various combinations of quantum statistics of each atomic component. A simple calculation for a harmonically trapped ideal gas is in good agreement with the recent experiment [S. B. Papp and C. E. Wieman, Phys. Rev. Lett., 97, 180404 (2006)] without any fitting parameters. We also give the conversion efficiency as an explicit function of initial peak phase space density of the majority species for population imbalanced gases. In the low-density region where Bose-Einstein condensation does not appear, the conversion efficiency is a monotonic function of the initial peak phase space density, but independent of statistics of a minority component. The quantum statistics of majority atoms has a significant effect on the conversion efficiency. In addition, Bose-Einstein condensation of an atomic component is the key element determining the maximum conversion efficiency.
description: 46 pages, 32 figures
Additional file 1 of Association between furosemide administration and outcomes in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury
Creators: name: Zhao, Guang-ju
name: Xu, Chang
name: Ying, Jian-chao
name: LÃ¼, Wen-biao
name: Hong, Guang-liang
name: Li, Meng-fang
name: Wu, Bing
name: Yao, Yong-ming
name: Lu, Zhong-qiu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Missing number (%) for risk variables and outcome variables. Table S2. Potential risk variables for in-hospital death. Table S3. Comparisons after propensity score matching. Table S4. dose-response relationship between furosemide administration and in-hospital mortality. Table S5. The number of patients in subgroups. Table S6. The association between furosemide use and in-hospital mortality in subgroups. Table S7. the characteristics of patients with different stages of AKI. Figure S1. Standardized mean difference (SMD) of variables before and after propensity score matching.
Machine learning for predictive estimation of qubit dynamics subject to dephasing
Creators: name: Gupta, Riddhi Swaroop
name: Biercuk, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60G35

description: Decoherence remains a major challenge in quantum computing hardware and a variety of physical-layer controls provide opportunities to mitigate the impact of this phenomenon through feedback and feedforward control. In this work, we compare a variety of machine learning algorithms derived from diverse fields for the task of state estimation (retrodiction) and forward prediction of future qubit state evolution for a single qubit subject to classical, non-Markovian dephasing. Our approaches involve the construction of a dynamical model capturing qubit dynamics via autoregressive or Fourier-type protocols using only a historical record of projective measurements. A detailed comparison of achievable prediction horizons, model robustness, and measurement-noise-filtering capabilities for Kalman Filters (KF) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) algorithms is provided. We demonstrate superior performance from the autoregressive KF relative to Fourier-based KF approaches and focus on the role of filter optimization in achieving suitable performance. Finally, we examine several realizations of GPR using different kernels and discover that these approaches are generally not suitable for forward prediction. We highlight the underlying failure mechanism in this application and identify ways in which the output of the algorithm may be misidentified numerical artefacts.
description: 33 pages (with Appendices), 9 figures
Monopole Condensation and Confinement in SU(2) QCD (1)
Creators: name: Shiba, Hiroshi
name: Suzuki, Tsuneo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An effective monopole action is derived from vacuum configurations after abelian projection in the maximally abelian gauge in $SU(2)$ QCD. Entropy dominance over energy of monopole loops is seen on the renormalized lattice with the spacing $b>b_c\simeq 5.2\times10^{-3} Λ_L^{-1}$ when the physical volume of the system is large enough. QCD confinement may be interpreted as the (dual) Meissner effect due to the monopole condensation.
description: 12 pages, KANAZAWA 93-09
Constrained BRST- BFV Lagrangian formulations for Higher Spin Fields in Minkowski Spaces
Creators: name: Reshetnyak, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37J05, 37J15, 46L65, 46L60, 47L55, 70G60, 81T10, 70S05, 37K05, 70S15

description: BRST-BFV method for constrained Lagrangian formulations (LFs) for (ir)reducible half-integer HS Poincare group representations in Minkowski space is suggested. The procedure is derived by 2 ways: from the unconstrained BRST-BFV method for mixed-symmetry HS fermionic fields subject to an arbitrary Young tableaux with k rows (suggested in arXiv:1211.1273[hep-th]) by extracting the second-class constraints, $\widehat{O}_α=(\widehat{O}_a, \widehat{O}^+_a)$, from a total superalgebra of constraints, second, in self-consistent way by means of finding BRST-extended initial off-shell algebraic constraints, $\widehat{O}_a$. In both cases, the latter constraints supercommute on the constraint surface with constrained BRST $Q_C$ and spin operators $σ^i_C$. The closedness of the superalgebra $Q_C, \widehat{O}_a, σ^i_C$ guarantees that the final gauge-invariant LF is compatible with off-shell constraints $\widehat{O}_a$ imposed on field and gauge parameter vectors of Hilbert space not depending from the ghosts and conversion auxiliary oscillators related to $\widehat{O}_a$, in comparison with vectors for unconstrained BRST-BFV LF. The suggested constrained BRST-BFV approach is valid for both massive HS fields and integer HS fields in the second-order formulation. It is shown that the respective constrained and unconstrained LFs for (half)-integer HS fields with a given spin are equivalent. The constrained Lagrangians in ghost-independent and component (for initial spin-tensor field) are obtained and shown to coincide with Fang-Fronsdal formulation for constrained totally-symmetric HS field. The triplet and unconstrained quartet LFs for the latter field and gauge-invariant constrained Lagrangians for a massive field of spin n+1/2 are derived. A concept of BRST-invariant second-class constraints for a general dynamical system with mixed-class constraints is suggested.
description: 55 pages, typos corrected, published version; footnote 1 added, typo in (3.15) corrected
Grimmia plagiopodia Hedw.
Creators: name: Price, Michelle J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Bryophyta
Bryopsida
Grimmiales
Grimmiaceae
Grimmia
Grimmia plagiopodia

description: BN: Grimmia plagiopodia Hedw.,
Sp. Musc. Frond.: 78, t. XV, f. 6-13. 1801.
CN / SY: Grimmia plagiopodia Hedw., Sp. Musc. Frond.: 78. 1801.
PL: (In Saxoniae rupibus detexit Cl. Flügge.).
LI: [Grimmia plagiopus a Hg l. n. b a Flörkio].
LT: DEGUGHI (1984: 22), holotype in G. OCHYRA & al. (2008: 271), lectotype in G, “The right specimen in the upper row on the sheet labelled ‘Grimmia plagiopus a Hg l. n. b a Flörkio’ – G-Hedwig-Schwägrichen” [G00000040348].
Figure: PRICE (2005: Fig. 106).
Notes: The typification of OCHYRA & al. (2008) was missed in MAIER (2010: 282) and PRICE & MAIER (2011a: 295).
description: Published as part of Price, Michelle J., 2014, Hedwig-Schwägrichen types catalogue update (1): new typifications and typification corrections, pp. 119-133 in Candollea 69 (2) on page 124, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v692a3, http://zenodo.org/record/5715296
An extreme IMF as an explanation for high M/L ratios in UCDs? The CO index as a tracer of bottom heavy IMFs
Creators: name: Mieske, Steffen
name: Kroupa, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new type of compact stellar systems, labelled ``ultra-compact dwarf galaxies'' (UCDs), was discovered in the last decade. Recent studies show that their dynamical mass-to-light ratios (M/L) tend to be too high to be explained by canonical stellar populations, being on average about twice as large as those of Galactic globular clusters of comparable metallicity. If this offset is caused by dark matter in UCDs, it would imply dark matter densities as expected for the centers of cuspy dark matter halos, incompatible with cored dark matter profiles. Investigating the nature of the high M/L ratios in UCDs therefore offers important constraints on the phase space properties of dark matter particles. Here we describe an observational method to test whether a bottom-heavy IMF may cause the high M/L ratios of UCDs. We propose to use the CO index at 2.3mu -- which is sensitive to the presence of low-mass stars -- to test for a bottom heavy IMF. In the case that the high M/L ratios are caused by a bottom-heavy IMF, we show that the equivalent width of the CO index will be up to 30% weaker in UCDs compared to sources with similar metallicity that have canonical IMFs. We find that these effects are well detectable with current astronomical facilities in a reasonable amount of time (a few hours to nights). Measuring the CO index of UCDs hence appears a promising tool to investigate the origin of their high M/L ratios.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Learning automata based SVM for intrusion detection
Creators: name: Di, Chong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As an indispensable defensive measure of network security, the intrusion detection is a process of monitoring the events occurring in a computer system or network and analyzing them for signs of possible incidents. It is a classifier to judge the event is normal or malicious. The information used for intrusion detection contains some redundant features which would increase the difficulty of training the classifier for intrusion detection and increase the time of making predictions. To simplify the training process and improve the efficiency of the classifier, it is necessary to remove these dispensable features. in this paper, we propose a novel LA-SVM scheme to automatically remove redundant features focusing on intrusion detection. This is the first application of learning automata for solving dimension reduction problems. The simulation results indicate that the LA-SVM scheme achieves a higher accuracy and is more efficient in making predictions compared with traditional SVM.
Book Review: The risk professionals, by Thomas M. Dietz and Robert W. Rycroft
Creators: name: Lave, Lester B
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In attempting to revitalize the Environmental Protection Agency after the debacle of the early Reagan administration, William Ruckleshaus called for increasing professionalism of environmental management through the use of risk assessment methods. He stressed science over politics and urged professionalism up to the point of political decisions (which must balance values). In an ideal world, these risk assessors would delimit, analyze, and set out the implications of each decision. As faceless scientists, they could be moved among jobs with little effect on the decisions or their implementation. However, as Graham, Green, and Roberts demonstrate in In Search of Safety, the scientific foundation of risk assessment is too weak to eliminate important scientific disagreement. Instead, the scientific basis can only set bounds on the level, and even the nature; of risk to health and limb.
Intermittent collective dynamics of domain walls in the creep regime
Creators: name: Grassi, Matías Pablo
name: Kolton, Alejandro B.
name: Jeudy, Vincent
name: Mougin, Alexandra
name: Bustingorry, Sebastian
name: Curiale, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ultra slow domain wall motion in ferromagnetic thin films driven by a weak magnetic field. Using time resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy, we access to the statistics of the intermittent thermally activated domain wall jumps between deep metastable states. Our observations are consistent with the existence of creep avalanches: roughly independent clusters with broad size and ignition waiting-time distributions, each one composed by a large number of spatio-temporally correlated thermally activated elementary events. Moreover, we evidence that the large scale geometry of domain walls is better described by depinning rather than equilibrium universal exponents.
description: Corrected and updated version. Supplementary Information included in the ancillary material
Book Review: The Economics of Environmental Policy. by A. Myrick Freeman; Robert Haveman; Allen V. Kneese
Creators: name: Lave, Lester B.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1973
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Not long ago the economics of the environment consisted of a series of theoretical observations that: a) discharging pollution represented a classic externality, b) we should internalize the effect via taxes or subsidies (effluent charges in the jargon), and 3) as soon as some good engineers get us the production functions, as soon as physicians get us health damage functions. as soon as politicians get us social welfare functions for the aesthetics of a clean environment, etc., we will show them how to equate marginal cost with marginal benefit. The literature has now burgeoned with the proceedings of three major conferences held on the subject and numerous articles and books.
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Cîteaux dit Cartulare Antiquum t.3 (2e moitié XIIIe siècle), Cart. 168 (11 H 66), f. 0149r
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2010
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire

description: Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Cîteaux dit Cartulare Antiquum t.3 (2e moitié XIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 168 (11 H 66), f. 0149r, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Cîteaux dit Cartulare Antiquum t.3 (2e moitié XIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 168 (11 H 66), f. 0149r, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Quantum Machine Learning for Electronic Structure Calculations
Creators: name: Xia, Rongxin
name: Kais, Sabre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Considering recent advancements and successes in the development of efficient quantum algorithms for electronic structure calculations --- alongside impressive results using machine learning techniques for computation --- hybridizing quantum computing with machine learning for the intent of performing electronic structure calculations is a natural progression. Here we report a hybrid quantum algorithm employing a restricted Boltzmann machine to obtain accurate molecular potential energy surfaces. By exploiting a quantum algorithm to help optimize the underlying objective function, we obtained an efficient procedure for the calculation of the electronic ground state energy for a small molecule system. Our approach achieves high accuracy for the ground state energy for H$_2$, LiH, H$_2$O at a specific location on its potential energy surface with a finite basis set. With the future availability of larger-scale quantum computers, quantum machine learning techniques are set to become powerful tools to obtain accurate values for electronic structures.
description: Fixed Some typos
Neutral hydrogen in the post-reionization universe
Creators: name: Padmanabhan, Hamsa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of neutral hydrogen (HI) across redshifts is a powerful probe of cosmology, large scale structure in the universe and the intergalactic medium. Using a data-driven halo model to describe the distribution of HI in the post-reionization universe ($z \sim $ 5 to 0), we obtain the best-fitting parameters from a rich sample of observational data: low redshift 21-cm emission line studies, intermediate redshift intensity mapping experiments, and higher redshift Damped Lyman Alpha (DLA) observations. Our model describes the abundance and clustering of neutral hydrogen across redshifts 0 - 5, and is useful for investigating different aspects of galaxy evolution and for comparison with hydrodynamical simulations. The framework can be applied for forecasting future observations with neutral hydrogen, and extended to the case of intensity mapping with molecular and other line transitions at intermediate redshifts.
description: Invited talk at the IAU Symposium 333 "Peering towards Cosmic Dawn", Dubrovnik, October 2-6, 2017; to appear in the proceedings, eds. Vibor Jelic and Thijs van der Hulst [6 pages, 2 figures]