cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Extracting Cultural Commonsense Knowledge at Scale
Creators: name: Nguyen, Tuan-Phong
name: Razniewski, Simon
name: Varde, Aparna
name: Weikum, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Structured knowledge is important for many AI applications. Commonsense knowledge, which is crucial for robust human-centric AI, is covered by a small number of structured knowledge projects. However, they lack knowledge about human traits and behaviors conditioned on socio-cultural contexts, which is crucial for situative AI. This paper presents CANDLE, an end-to-end methodology for extracting high-quality cultural commonsense knowledge (CCSK) at scale. CANDLE extracts CCSK assertions from a huge web corpus and organizes them into coherent clusters, for 3 domains of subjects (geography, religion, occupation) and several cultural facets (food, drinks, clothing, traditions, rituals, behaviors). CANDLE includes judicious techniques for classification-based filtering and scoring of interestingness. Experimental evaluations show the superiority of the CANDLE CCSK collection over prior works, and an extrinsic use case demonstrates the benefits of CCSK for the GPT-3 language model. Code and data can be accessed at https://candle.mpi-inf.mpg.de/.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 10 tables
The Agricultural Outlook for the Southern States, 1930-31
Creators: name: Bureau Of Agricultural Economics
name: Bureau Of Agricultural Economics
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1930
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Excerpt from the report: This report is designed to present, in readily available form, for the principal southern farm products, the significant facts relating to supply, demand, and prices that should be considered by southern farmers when planning their operations for the next crop season. These facts should be considered in the light of the State and local conditions as presented by the extension workers of each State. This report has been prepared in the fall so that the facts may be available to southern farmers before their planting season begins, for the National Outlook Report, issued in January of each year, can not appear early enough to be studied before the southern planting season.
Surveying the Dynamic Radio Sky with the Long Wavelength Demonstrator Array
Creators: name: Lazio, T. J. W.
name: Clarke, T. E.
name: Lane, W. M.
name: Gross, C.
name: Kassim, N. E.
name: Ray, P. S.
name: Wood, D.
name: York, J. A.
name: Kerkhoff, A.
name: Hicks, B.
name: Polisensky, E.
name: Stewart, K.
name: Dalal, N. Paravastu
name: Cohen, A. S.
name: Erickson, W. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a search for radio transients at a frequency of 73.8 MHz (4 m wavelength) using the all-sky imaging capabilities of the Long Wavelength Demonstrator Array (LWDA). The LWDA was a 16-dipole phased array telescope, located on the site of the Very Large Array in New Mexico. The field of view of the individual dipoles was essentially the entire sky, and the number of dipoles was sufficiently small that a simple software correlator could be used to make all-sky images. From 2006 October to 2007 February, we conducted an all-sky transient search program, acquiring a total of 106 hr of data; the time sampling varied, being 5 minutes at the start of the program and improving to 2 minutes by the end of the program. We were able to detect solar flares, and in a special-purpose mode, radio reflections from ionized meteor trails during the 2006 Leonid meteor shower. We detected no transients originating outside of the solar system above a flux density limit of 500 Jy, equivalent to a limit of no more than about 10^{-2} events/yr/deg^2, having a pulse energy density >~ 1.5 x 10^{-20} J/m^2/Hz at 73.8 MHz for pulse widths of about 300 s. This event rate is comparable to that determined from previous all-sky transient searches, but at a lower frequency than most previous all-sky searches. We believe that the LWDA illustrates how an all-sky imaging mode could be a useful operational model for low-frequency instruments such as the Low Frequency Array, the Long Wavelength Array station, the low-frequency component of the Square Kilometre Array, and potentially the Lunar Radio Array.
description: 20 pages; accepted for publication in AJ
Spin diffusion in $n$-type (111) GaAs quantum wells
Creators: name: Sun, B. Y.
name: Shen, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We utilize the kinetic spin Bloch equation approach to investigate the steady-state spin diffusion in $n$-type (111) GaAs quantum wells, where the in-plane components of the Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling term and the Rashba term can be partially canceled by each other. A peak of the spin diffusion length due to the cancellation is predicted in the perpendicular electric field dependence. It is shown that the spin diffusion length around the peak can be markedly controlled via temperature and doping. When the electron gas enters into the degenerate regime, the electron density also leads to observable influence on the spin diffusion in the strong cancellation regime. Furthermore, we find that the spin diffusion always presents strong anisotropy with respect to the direction of the injected spin polarization. The anisotropic spin diffusion depends on whether the electric field is far away from or in the strong cancellation regime.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Solid State Commun
title: Identifying and Conceptualizing the Learning Styles of Youth Referred to the Juvenile Court System
Creators: name: Smith, Linda Hall
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2004

description: Increasingly youth are being referred to the Juvenile Court for a variety of crimes, including those involving sexually offensive behavior. In the Fall of 2003 the Honorable Judge Gordon Low, of the First District Court in Cache County, State of Utah, requested that a program be developed that would address concerns with regard to the increased frequency of sexually offensive complaints being filed in both the Juvenile, as well as the District Court. His desire was that this program be designed, using an educational format, for youth in Middle and High Schools. Further, it was his intent that it serves a preventative function, thus reducing not only the number of complaints, but also decreases the number of those being arrested for sexually offensive behavior.
Dr. Openshaw agreed to take on this project with the help of Ms. Linda Hall Smith and an offender. During the process of developing the curriculum it was determined that the learning styles of those youth who would be serviced by this program needed to be understood so that the content, exercises, and evaluations to be included would take the learning styles into consideration. This in mind it was determined that a brief learning styles inventory, the "Pedagogical Learning Styles of Juveniles who Offend" (hereafter referred to as the PLSJO) would be developed and administered, not as a research instrument which would allow for the publication of these data, but rather as a device that would assess and provide feedback with regards to learning styles of those being referred to the Juvenile Court so that the curriculum developed would reflect these learning styles.
The Murnaghan-Nakayama rule for k-Schur functions
Creators: name: Bandlow, Jason
name: Schilling, Anne
name: Zabrocki, Mike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove the Murgnaghan--Nakayama rule for $k$-Schur functions of Lapointe and Morse, that is, we give an explicit formula for the expansion of the product of a power sum symmetric function and a $k$-Schur function in terms of $k$-Schur functions. This is proved using the noncommutative $k$-Schur functions in terms of the nilCoxeter algebra introduced by Lam and the affine analogue of noncommutative symmetric functions of Fomin and Greene.
description: 23 pages, updated to reflect referee comments, to appear in Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A
The effect of extracellular vesicles derived from lung adenocarcinoma cells on the tumor microenvironment
Creators: name: Maleki, Saeideh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most frequent subtype of non-small cell lung cancer and is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Due to the late stage of diagnosis, five-year survival rate of LUAD remains dismally low at approximately 15%. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that occur in the cells of the tumor and surrounding microenvironment will aid in identifying new therapeutic targets and thus improve overall survival. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from cancer cells are one of the main facilitators of communication with the tumor microenvironment (TME). Fibroblasts of the TME uptake secreted EVs and differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), leading to tumor growth and progression. Herein, differentially expressed genes in lung fibroblasts co-cultured with LUAD EVs were identified and compared with TGFβ-treated fibroblasts. Additionally, different CAF subtypes as well as signaling pathways activated in each treatment group were characterized. While the majority of differentially expressed genes between the EV-treated and TGFβ-treated groups were similar, those co-cultured with LUAD EVs showed enrichment of inflammatory CAFs and were upregulated in several pathways including NF-κB, IL2, IL-6, IL17 and COMPLEMENT. Fibroblasts co-cultured with TGFβ were dominant in developmental CAFs and shown upregulation in Wnt/β catenin signaling pathway. Together, this data provides a comprehensive analysis of gene expression profiles of LUAD EV-treated fibroblasts and their downstream pathways through which they communicate with the other cells in the TME.
The International Linear Collider: A Global Project
Creators: name: Bambade, Philip
name: Barklow, Tim
name: Behnke, Ties
name: Berggren, Mikael
name: Brau, James
name: Burrows, Philip
name: Denisov, Dmitri
name: Faus-Golfe, Angeles
name: Foster, Brian
name: Fujii, Keisuke
name: Fuster, Juan
name: Gaede, Frank
name: Grannis, Paul
name: Grojean, Christophe
name: Hutton, Andrew
name: List, Benno
name: List, Jenny
name: Michizono, Shinichiro
name: Miyamoto, Akiya
name: Napoly, Olivier
name: Peskin, Michael
name: Poeschl, Roman
name: Simon, Frank
name: Strube, Jan
name: Tian, Junping
name: Titov, Maksym
name: Vos, Marcel
name: White, Andrew
name: Wilson, Graham
name: Yamamoto, Akira
name: Yamamoto, Hitoshi
name: Yokoya, Kaoru
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2019

description: The International Linear Collider (ILC) is now under consideration as the next global project in particle physics. In this report, we review of all aspects of the ILC program: the physics motivation, the accelerator design, the run plan, the proposed detectors, the experimental measurements on the Higgs boson, the top quark, the couplings of the W and Z bosons, and searches for new particles. We review the important role that polarized beams play in the ILC program. The first stage of the ILC is planned to be a Higgs factory at 250 GeV in the centre of mass. Energy upgrades can naturally be implemented based on the concept of a linear collider. We discuss in detail the ILC program of Higgs boson measurements and the expected precision in the determination of Higgs couplings. We compare the ILC capabilities to those of the HL-LHC and to those of other proposed e+e- Higgs factories. We emphasize throughout that the readiness of the accelerator and the estimates of ILC performance are based on detailed simulations backed by extensive RandD and, for the accelerator technology, operational experience.
Airborne absolute gravimetry with a quantum sensor, comparison with classical technologies
Creators: name: Bidel, Yannick
name: Zahzam, Nassim
name: Bresson, Alexandre
name: Blanchard, Cédric
name: Bonnin, Alexis
name: Bernard, Jeanne
name: Cadoret, Malo
name: Jensen, Tim Enzlberger
name: Forsberg, René
name: Salaun, Corinne
name: Lucas, Sylvain
name: Lequentrec-Lalancette, Marie Francoise
name: Rouxel, Didier
name: Gabalda, Germinal
name: Seoane, Lucia
name: Vu, Dinh Toan
name: Bonvalot, Sylvain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an airborne gravity survey with an absolute gravimeter based on atom interferometry and two relative gravimeters: a classical LaCoste\&Romberg (L\&R) and a novel iMAR strap-down Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). We estimated measurement errors for the quantum gravimeter ranging from 0.6 to 1.3 mGal depending on the flight conditions and the filtering used. Similar measurement errors are obtained with iMAR strapdown gravimeter but the long term stability is five times worse. The traditional L\&R platform gravimeter shows larger measurement errors (3 - 4 mGal). Airborne measurements have been compared to marine, land and altimetry derived gravity data. We obtain a good agreement for the quantum gravimeter with standard deviations and means on differences below or equal to 2 mGal. This study confirms the potential of quantum technology for absolute airborne gravimetry which is particularly interesting for mapping shallow water or mountainous areas and for linking ground and satellite measurements with homogeneous absolute referencing.
On the Finslerian extension of the Schwarzschild metric
Creators: name: Silagadze, Z. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a Finslerian extension of the Schwarzschild metric based on heuristic arguments. The proposed metric asymptotically approaches not the Minkowski space-time but the Bogoslovsky locally anisotropic space-time which arises naturally as a deformation of very special relativity.
description: 8 pages, references added, published version
Systematic studies of track-based alignment of the CMS tracker
Creators: name: Metwally, Josry
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2019

description: Frühjahrstagung der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft 2019, DPG2019, Aachen, Germany, 25 Mar 2019 - 29 Mar 2019
description: The CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) tracker is the largest silicon tracker in the world, consisting of a large number of pixel (1852) and strip (15148) modules to ensure a precise reconstruction of tracks and vertices. In order to fully exploit the precision of the local reconstruc- tion of the silicon modules, we use a track-based approach to align the modules. The number of alignment parameters is of the order of 100k and its determination is achieved by the means of the linear least-squares method (��2), while residuals between the hits and the reconstructed track are minimised. Continuous transformations called weak modes corresponding to transformations to which the ��2 fit is not very sensitive are one of the major challenges of track-based alignment. In this talk, systematic studies to control weak modes are presented.
Symmetry-breaking phase transition in a dynamical decision model
Creators: name: Lambert, Gaultier
name: Chevereau, Guillaume
name: Bertin, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a simple decision model in which a set of agents randomly choose one of two competing shops selling the same perishable products (typically food). The satisfaction of agents with respect to a given store is related to the freshness of the previously bought products. Agents select with a higher probability the store they are most satisfied with. Studying the model from a statistical physics perspective, both through numerical simulations and mean-field analytical methods, we find a rich behaviour with continuous and discontinuous phase transitions between a symmetric phase where both stores maintain the same level of activity, and a phase with broken symmetry where one of the two shops attracts more customers than the other.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, submitted to JSTAT
Exploring the interaction mechanism between potential inhibitor and multi-target Mur enzymes of mycobacterium tuberculosis using molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, principal component analysis, free energy landscape, dynamic cross-correlation matrices, vector movements, and binding free energy calculation
Creators: name: Kumari, Madhulata
name: Singh, Ruhar
name: Subbarao, Naidu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Multi-targeting enzyme approaches are considered to be the most significant in suppressing pathogen growth and disease control for MDR and XDR-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The multiple Mur enzymes involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis play a key role in a cell’s growth. Firstly, homology modeling was employed to construct the 3 D structure of the Mur enzymes. The computational approaches, including molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations and MM-PBSA methods, were performed to explore the detailed interaction mechanism to evaluate the inhibitory activity against targeted proteins. The computational calculations revealed that the best-docked phytochemical compound (gallomyricitrin) inhibits the selected targets: Mur enzymes by forming stable hydrogen bonds. The analysis of RMSD, RMSF, Rg, PCA, DCCM, cross-correlation network, FEL, H-bond, and vector movement reveal that the docked complex of MurA, MurI, MurG, MurC, and MurE is more stable compared to MurB, MurF, MurD, and MurX docked complexes during MD simulations. Moreover, FEL exposed that gallomyricitrin stabilized to the minimum global energy of Mur Enzymes. The PCA, DCCM, and vector movements and binding free energy results provided further evidence for the stability of gallomyricitrin’s interactions inside the binding sites by forming hydrogen bonds. The cross-correlation analysis reveals that Mur enzymes exhibit a positive and negative correlated motion between residues in different protein domains. The computational results contribute in several ways to our understanding of inhibition activity and provide a basic insight into the binding activity of gallomyricitrin as a multi-target drug for tuberculosis. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
The influence of collimation on the appearance of relativistic jets
Creators: name: Petrucci, P. O.
name: Boutelier, T.
name: Henri, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The question of the collimation of relativistic jets is the subject of a lively debate in the community. We numerically compute the apparent velocity and the Doppler factor of a non homokinetic jet using different velocity profile, to study the effect of collimation on the appearance of relativistic jets (apparent velocity and Doppler factor). We argue that if the motion is relativistic, the high superluminal velocities are possible only if the geometrical collimation is smaller than the relativistic beaming angle $γ^{-1}$. In the opposite case, the apparent image will be dominated by the part of the jet traveling directly towards the observer resulting in a smaller apparent velocity. Furthermore, getting rid of the homokinetic hypothesis yields a complex relation between the observing angle and the Doppler factor, resulting in important consequences for the numerical computation of AGN population and unification scheme model.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. To appear in Proceedings of IAU Symposium 275 "Jets at all Scales", 13-17 September 2010, Buenos Aires, Argentina
The Dirichlet Problem for Harmonic Functions on Compact Sets
Creators: name: Perkins, Tony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 31B05, Secondary: 31B10, 31B25, 31C40

description: For any compact set $K\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ we develop the theory of Jensen measures and subharmonic peak points, which form the set $\mathcal{O}_K$, to study the Dirichlet problem on $K$. Initially we consider the space $h(K)$ of functions on $K$ which can be uniformly approximated by functions harmonic in a neighborhood of $K$ as possible solutions. As in the classical theory, our Theorem 8.1 shows $C(\mathcal{O}_K)\cong h(K)$ for compact sets with $\mathcal{O}_K$ closed. However, in general a continuous solution cannot be expected even for continuous data on $\rO_K$ as illustrated by Theorem 8.1. Consequently, we show that the solution can be found in a class of finely harmonic functions. Moreover by Theorem 8.7, in complete analogy with the classical situation, this class is isometrically isomorphic to $C_b(\mathcal{O}_K)$ for all compact sets $K$.
description: There have been a large number of changes made from the first version. They mostly consists of shortening the article and supplying additional references
title: Magnesium Intake and Its Relationship With Type 2 Diabetes
Creators: name: Wilcock, Caralee
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2004

description: Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal and is the second most abundant cation in the human body. Magnesium plays important roles in the structure and the function of the human body; it is involved in more than 300 essential metabolic reactions in the body. Magnesium has been implicated in the prevention and treatment of many diseases including diabetes. Magnesium depletion is commonly associated with both insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent diabetes. A significant number, (between 25% and 39%) of diabetics have been shown to have decreased serum levels of magnesium. There are many possible reasons and mechanisms for this. Diabetics experience increased losses of urinary magnesium due to glucosuria and osmotic diuresis. Magnesium depletion has also been shown to increase insulin resistance in diabetic individuals. More research is needed to determine what type, how much, and which at-risk groups would benefit from magnesium supplementation.
Terahertz Dynamics in the Glycerol-Water System
Creators: name: Kölbel, Johanna
name: Schirmacher, Walter
name: Shalaev, Evgenyi
name: Zeitler, J. Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The model glass-former glycerol and its aqueous mixtures were investigated with terahertz-time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) in the frequency range of 0.3--3.0\,THz at temperatures from 80--305\,K. It was shown that the infrared absorption coefficient measured with THz-TDS can be theoretically related to the reduced Raman intensity ($\propto α/ω^2$) and the reduced density of states ($\propto α/ω^3$) and the agreement with experimental results confirms this. The data were further used to investigate the behaviour of model glasses in the harmonic (below the glass transition temperature $T_{\text{g}}$), anharmonic (above $T_{\text{g}}$), and liquid regime. The onset temperature of the molecular mobility as measured by the infrared active dipoles, $T_{\text{g}}$, was found to correlate with the onset of anharmonic effects, leading to an apparent shift of the boson peak and obscuring it at elevated temperatures. The influence of clustered and unclustered water on the dynamics, the boson peak, and the vibrational dynamics was also investigated. A change in structural dynamics was observed at a water concentration of approximately 5\,wt.\%, corresponding to a transition from isolated water molecules distributed homogeneously throughout the sample to the presence of small water clusters and an increased number of water-water hydrogen bonds which lower the barriers on the potential energy surface.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
title: A Fleet Tracking System using G.P.S. and Radios
Creators: name: Mulholland, John
name: Warner, Matthew
name: Waldron, Matthew
name: Widdison, Eric
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2004

description: Doc Warner's Alaska Fishing LLC is a growing business operating out of Excursion Inlet, Alaska. Based in Bountiful, Utah, this company has experienced large amounts of growth in the past few years, and as a result has needed to make quick adaptations to accommodate larger groups of people fishing with them. Doc Warner's offers a unique experience in that they do not charter boats, but rather allow their guests to captain the boats. The number of vessels that might be fishing at any time has increased from four to more than twenty in the last three years. This large increase has made it difficult for the staff to watch over each individual boat, and the business feels that its customer service is declining from the high standard it desires to give. For example, if a boat has engine troubles, it is often over an hour before the staff is able to discover this and assist the guests. Doc Warner's would also like a way to alert their guests to current fishing "hot-spots". Other problems include guests wandering too far from the camp and potentially heading into dangerous waters, or guests staying out too late after curfew. Doc Warner's would like a system that will give them the location of each of their boats at any given time.
Particle Injection and Nonthermal Particle Acceleration in Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection
Creators: name: French, Omar
name: Guo, Fan
name: Zhang, Qile
name: Uzdensky, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic reconnection in the relativistic regime has been proposed as an important process for the efficient production of nonthermal particles and high-energy emissions. Using fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations, we investigate how guide-field strength and domain size affect characteristic spectral features and acceleration processes. We study two stages of acceleration: energization up until the injection energy $γ_{\rm inj}$ and further acceleration that generates a power-law spectrum. Stronger guide fields increase the power-law index and $γ_{\rm inj}$, which suppresses acceleration efficiency. These quantities seemingly converge with increasing domain size, suggesting that our findings can be extended to large-scale systems. We find that three distinct mechanisms contribute to acceleration during injection: particle streaming along the parallel electric field, Fermi reflection, and the pickup process. Fermi and pickup processes, related to the electric field perpendicular to the magnetic field, govern the injection for weak guide fields and larger domains. Meanwhile, parallel electric fields are important for injection in the strong guide field regime. In the post-injection stage, we find that perpendicular electric fields dominate particle acceleration in the weak guide field regime, whereas parallel electric fields control acceleration for strong guide fields. These findings will help explain the nonthermal acceleration and emissions in high-energy astrophysics, including black hole jets and pulsar wind nebulae.
description: 27 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication to The Astrophysical Journal
High-order finite-difference entropy stable schemes for two-fluid relativistic plasma flow equations
Creators: name: Bhoriya, Deepak
name: Kumar, Harish
name: Chandrashekar, Praveen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we propose high-order finite-difference entropy stable schemes for the two-fluid relativistic plasma flow equations. This is achieved by exploiting the structure of the equations, which consists of three independent flux components. The first two components describe the ion and electron flows, which are modeled using the relativistic hydrodynamics equation. The third component is Maxwell's equations, which are linear systems. The coupling of the ion and electron flows, and electromagnetic fields is via source terms only. Furthermore, we also show that the source terms do not affect the entropy evolution. To design semi-discrete entropy stable schemes, we extend the RHD entropy stable schemes in Bhoriya et al. to three dimensions. This is then coupled with entropy stable discretization of the Maxwell's equations. Finally, we use SSP-RK schemes to discretize in time. We also propose ARK-IMEX schemes to treat the stiff source terms; the resulting nonlinear set of algebraic equations is local (at each discretization point). These equations are solved using the Newton's Method, which results in an efficient method. The proposed schemes are then tested using various test problems to demonstrate their stability, accuracy and efficiency.
title: Compromise in a Changing Political Context: The Case of Hamas
Creators: name: Mema, Medlir
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2004

description: The Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) has been a point of contention for most students of Middle Eastern politics. There appears to be a dichotomy of views on the question of whether Hamas is a legitimate mainstream political organization within Palestine, or whether it is just another manifestation of the fundamentalist ideology that (according to some people) Islam seems to encourage. The United States has classified Hamas as a terrorist organization and has directed some of its efforts of the war on terror against the organization with the aim of destroying Hamas.
Scientific knowledge production and academic labor in unsettled times : Covid-19 pandemic, preprint servers, epistemic validation, and gendered work
Creators: name: Lachapelle, Francois
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: In this dissertation, I argue that an emerging way of science-making emerged in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, organized around preprint servers. This challenged the traditional channel of scholarly communication, organized around academic peer-reviewed journals. The outbreak science of COVID-19 needed a fast and efficient means to disseminate scientific knowledge and accelerate the accumulation of the knowledge base. With the classical peer-review system viewed as slow and ineffective, English language preprint servers surfaced as an excellent solution to handle the problem of knowledge dissemination. I argue, however, that the preprint servers do more than simply fix the ineffectiveness of academic journals at handling epistemic dissemination. Preprint servers participate in a profound reversal of epistemic evaluators and the logic of scientific capital. The early dissemination of preprint manuscripts propels scientific readers and other social actors (journalists, governmental officials, civil society) into the role of primary evaluators of scientific knowledge. The social triangle at the center of the classical scientific order of academic journals (editors, committees, and reviewers) is relegated to secondary evaluators. Preprint manuscripts are also cited independently of their publication status. Authors of preprints can accumulate citations and claim scientific authority without the support of the classical system. I begin by measuring the proportion of COVID-19 preprints published in peer-reviewed journals. To do so, I built the best performing matching algorithm to date. I also designed Upload-or-Publish API that allows researchers and other stakeholders to consult the publication status of COVID-19 preprints. The results suggest that the crisis model of knowledge production is partly operating in parallel with the classical scientific order. Then, I use logistic regression to examine the impact of scientific impact and social attention on the likelihood that preprint manuscripts get published in peer-reviewed journals. I find partial support for the hypothesis that after receiving a certain level of scholarly and social scrutiny, the chance of publishing decreases. Finally, I examine the gender gap in COVID-19 research. I find that female researchers were disadvantaged, relative to male scholars, in participating in COVID-19 research and knowledge dissemination.
Electric-Magnetic Duality in a Class of $G_2$-Compactifications of M-theory
Creators: name: Halverson, James
name: Sung, Benjamin
name: Tian, Jiahua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study electric-magnetic duality in compactifications of M-theory on twisted connected sum (TCS) $G_2$ manifolds via duality with F-theory. Specifically, we study the physics of the D3-branes in F-theory compactified on a Calabi-Yau fourfold $Y$, dual to a compactification of M-theory on a TCS $G_2$ manifold $X$. $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetry is restored in an appropriate geometric limit. In that limit, we demonstrate that the dual of D3-branes probing seven-branes corresponds to the shrinking of certain surfaces and curves, yielding light particles that may carry both electric and magnetic charges. We provide evidence that the Minahan-Nemeschansky theories with $E_n$ flavor symmetry may be realized in this way. The $SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ monodromy of the 3/7-brane system is dual to a Fourier-Mukai transform of the dual IIA/M-theory geometry in this limit, and we extrapolate this monodromy action to the global compactification. Away from the limit, the theory is broken to $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetry by a D-term.
Qubit Geodesics on the Bloch Sphere from Optimal-Speed Hamiltonian Evolutions
Creators: name: Cafaro, Carlo
name: Alsing, Paul M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the geometry of quantum evolutions, a geodesic path is viewed as a path of minimal statistical length connecting two pure quantum states along which the maximal number of statistically distinguishable states is minimum. In this paper, we present an explicit geodesic analysis of the dynamical trajectories that emerge from the quantum evolution of a single-qubit quantum state. The evolution is governed by an Hermitian Hamiltonian operator that achieves the fastest possible unitary evolution between given initial and final pure states. Furthermore, in addition to viewing geodesics in ray space as paths of minimal length, we also verify the geodesicity of paths in terms of unit geometric efficiency and vanishing geometric phase. Finally, based on our analysis, we briefly address the main hurdles in moving to the geometry of quantum evolutions for open quantum systems in mixed quantum states.
description: 19 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables
Double-Kasner Spacetime: Peculiar Velocities and Cosmic Jets
Creators: name: Chicone, C.
name: Mashhoon, B.
name: Rosquist, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In dynamic spacetimes in which asymmetric gravitational collapse/expansion is taking place, the timelike geodesic equation appears to exhibit an interesting property: Relative to the collapsing configuration, free test particles undergo gravitational "acceleration" and form a double-jet configuration parallel to the axis of collapse. We illustrate this aspect of peculiar motion in simple spatially homogeneous cosmological models such as the Kasner spacetime. To estimate the effect of spatial inhomogeneities on cosmic jets, timelike geodesics in the Ricci-flat double-Kasner spacetime are studied in detail. While spatial inhomogeneities can significantly modify the structure of cosmic jets, we find that under favorable conditions the double-jet pattern can initially persist over a finite period of time for sufficiently small inhomogeneities.
description: 37 pages, 5 figures; v2: minor typos corrected
Rare-Event Sampling Analysis Uncovers the Fitness Landscape of the Genetic Code
Creators: name: Omachi, Yuji
name: Saito, Nen
name: Furusawa, Chikara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The genetic code refers to a rule that maps 64 codons to 20 amino acids. Nearly all organisms, with few exceptions, share the same genetic code, the standard genetic code (SGC). While it remains unclear why this universal code has arisen and been maintained during evolution, it may have been preserved under selection pressure. Theoretical studies comparing the SGC and numerically created hypothetical random genetic codes have suggested that the SGC has been subject to strong selection pressure for being robust against translation errors. However, these prior studies have searched for random genetic codes in only a small subspace of the possible code space due to limitations in computation time. Thus, how the genetic code has evolved, and the characteristics of the genetic code fitness landscape, remain unclear. By applying multicanonical Monte Carlo, an efficient rare-event sampling method, we efficiently sampled random codes from a much broader random ensemble of genetic codes than in previous studies, estimating that only one out of every $10^{20}$ random codes is more robust than the SGC. This estimate is significantly smaller than the previous estimate, one in a million. We also characterized the fitness landscape of the genetic code that has four major fitness peaks, one of which includes the SGC. Furthermore, genetic algorithm analysis revealed that evolution under such a multi-peaked fitness landscape could be strongly biased toward a narrow peak, in an evolutionary path-dependent manner.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Secure rate-adaptive reconciliation
Creators: name: Elkouss, David
name: Martinez-Mateo, Jesus
name: Martin, Vicente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider in this paper the problem of information reconciliation in the context of secret key agreement between two legitimate parties, Alice and Bob. Beginning the discussion with the secret key agreement model introduced by Ahlswede and Csiszár, the channel-type model with wiretapper, we study a protocol based on error correcting codes. The protocol can be adapted to changes in the communication channel extending the original source. The efficiency of the reconciliation is only limited by the quality of the code and, while transmitting more information than needed to reconcile Alice's and Bob's sequences, it does not reveal any more information on the original source than an ad-hoc code would have revealed.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Quantum Mechanics as Asymptotics of Solutions of Generalized Kramers Equation
Creators: name: Beniaminov, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the process of diffusion scattering of a wave function given on the phase space. In this process the heat diffusion is considered only along momenta. We write down the modified Kramers equation describing this situation. In this model, the usual quantum description arises as asymptotics of this process for large values of resistance of the medium per unit of mass of particle. It is shown that in this case the process passes several stages. During the first short stage, the wave function goes to one of "stationary" values. At the second long stage, the wave function varies in the subspace of "stationary" states according to the Schrodinger equation. Further, dissipation of the process leads to decoherence, and any superposition of states goes to one of eigenstates of the Hamilton operator. At the last stage, the mixed state of heat equilibrium (the Gibbs state) arises due to the heat influence of the medium and the random transitions among the eigenstates of the Hamilton operator. Besides that, it is shown that, on the contrary, if the resistance of the medium per unit of mass of particle is small, then in the considered model, the density of distribution of probability $ρ=|ϕ|^2$ satisfies the standard Liouville equation, as in classical statistical mechanics.
description: 18 pages
title: The Real World of Language Instruction: Cache Valley Teachers Speak Out On the Challenges They Face While Teaching Grammar
Creators: name: Wight, Shauna
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2004

description: "Discussing grammar in the teachers' lounge is a little like stepping in between two opposing 350-pound NFL linemen just after the ball is snapped," says Harry Noden, veteran English teacher and author of Image Grammar (Noden vii). With this statement, Noden captures the intensity and hostility that has characterized departmental meetings, university classrooms, and scholarly articles in which the issue of grammar has been disputed. Relying upon this football metaphor, Noden aptly describes the precarious situation language arts teachers face when they enter the profession and one of its greatest debates-grammar instruction-an issue in which all English teachers inevitably become entangled, regardless of their professional opinion or stake in the matter.
Stochastic modelling of blob-like plasma filaments in the scrape-off layer: Theoretical foundation
Creators: name: Losada, J. M.
name: Theodorsen, A.
name: Garcia, O. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A stochastic model is presented for a super-position of uncorrelated pulses with a random distribution of amplitudes, sizes, velocities and arrival times. The pulses are assumed to move radially with fixed shape and amplitudes decaying exponentially in time due to linear damping. The pulse velocities are taken to be time-independent but randomly distributed. The implications of a distribution of and correlations between pulse sizes, velocities and amplitudes are investigated. Expressions for the lowest order statistical moments, probability density functions and correlation functions for the process are derived for the case of exponential pulses and a discrete uniform distribution of pulse velocities. The results describe many features of high average particle densities, broad and flat average radial profiles, and large-amplitude, intermittent fluctuations at the boundary region of magnetically confined plasmas. The stochastic model elucidates how these phenomena are related to the statistics of blob-like structures.
Optimized Telecloning Circuits: Theory and Practice of Nine NISQ Clones
Creators: name: Pelofske, Elijah
name: Bärtschi, Andreas
name: Eidenbenz, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Although perfect copying of an unknown quantum state is not possible, approximate cloning is possible in quantum mechanics. Quantum telecloning is a variant of approximate quantum cloning which uses quantum teleportation to allow for the use of classical communication to create physically separate clones of a quantum state. We present results of a of $1 \rightarrow 9$ universal, symmetric, optimal quantum telecloning implementation on a cloud accessible quantum computer - the Quantinuum H1-1 device. The H1-1 device allows direct creation of the telecloning protocol due to real time classical if-statements that are conditional on the mid-circuit measurement outcome of a Bell measurement. In this implementation, we also provide an improvement over previous work for the circuit model description of quantum telecloning, which reduces the required gate depth and gate count for an all-to-all connectivity. The demonstration of creating $9$ approximate clones on a quantum processor is the largest number of clones that has been generated, telecloning or otherwise.
title: Ð Ð°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ° Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð² Ð¿Ð¾ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ñ ÑÐ°Ð½Ðµ ÑÑÑÐ´Ð° ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ð¿ÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð° Ð½Ð° Ð³Ð°Ð·Ð¾ÑÐ°ÑÐ¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¸
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Development of training materials on labor protection of workers at the gas distribution enterprise
Creators: name: ÐÐ»Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐºÐ°Ñ, Ð¢Ð°ÑÑÑÐ½Ð°
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2018
Subjects: Ð¾Ñ ÑÐ°Ð½Ð° ÑÑÑÐ´Ð°
Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ ÑÐ¸ÑÐº
ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ° Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð°
Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¾Ñ ÑÐ°Ð½Ðµ ÑÑÑÐ´Ð°
occupation safety and health
professional risk
material development
safety training

description: ÐÐ°ÑÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ° Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð° ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÑÑÐµÐ½ÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð¹ ÑÑÑÐ´Ð° ÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÐ´Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð² Ð³Ð°Ð·Ð¾ÑÐ°ÑÐ¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÐÐÐ Â«ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÐÐ°Ð·Â».
Ð Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐµ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¸ ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÑÑÐµÐ½ÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¾ÑÑÐ°Ð½Ñ ÑÑÑÐ´Ð° Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸Ñ, Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ ÑÐ°ÑÐ¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð½ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ´Ð¾Ðº Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÑÐ°Ð½Ðµ ÑÑÑÐ´Ð° ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð². Ð Ð°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ð¿ÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð° ÐÐÐ Â«ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÐÐ°Ð·Â».
description: This graduation qualification work of the bachelor is devoted to improving the working conditions of employees of the gas distribution company OOO "PetersburgGaz". In the course of work, materials were developed to improve the system of labor protection of the enterprise, as well as the procedure for training workers' labor protection. Instructions for the working staff of OOO "PetersburgGaz" have been developed.