cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Open access to economic outcome data will help to bridge the gap between clinical trials and clinical guidelines
Creators: name: Ladapo, Joseph A.
name: Fang, Yixin
name: Davidson, Karina W.
name: Braithwaite, R. Scott
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Medical care--Cost effectiveness
Clinical trials
Medical sciences
Economics
Epidemiology

description: Buoyed by a burgeoning medical culture of “appropriate use” and rising doctor awareness of the financial ruin that threatens many patients who navigate expensive treatments in pursuit of better health, medical specialist societies have grown increasingly vocal about integrating economic value in their clinical guidelines. These encouraging developments are, however, threatened by a worsening decline in the generalisability of randomised controlled trials, a concern supported by widening differences between the characteristics of patients enrolled in trials and those of the populations targeted for intervention outside trials.
Two Component Higgs-Portal Dark Matter
Creators: name: Bian, Ligong
name: Ding, Ran
name: Zhu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we construct two component dark matter model and revisit fine-tuning, unitarity and vacuum stability problem in this framework. Through Higgs-portal interactions, the additional scalar and vector singlet field can interact with the SM particles. The parameter space of the model are severely constraint by observed relic density and direct detection experiments. We found that, unlike the SM, the fine-tuning problem is relaxed due to the modified Veltman condition. The vacuum stability problem is addressed, the additional contributions from two DM singlets to the $β$ function make the Higgs quartic coupling $λ(μ)$ be positive up to Planck scale in some parameter space.
description: 9 pages,two-column,10 figures, references added, statements are clarified
Open-Loop Control Co-Design of Semisubmersible Floating Offshore Wind Turbines using Linear Parameter-Varying Models
Creators: name: Sundarrajan, Athul Krishna
name: Lee, Yong Hoon
name: Allison, James T
name: Zalkind, Daniel
name: Herber, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper discusses a framework to design elements of the plant and control systems for floating offshore wind turbines in an integrated manner using linear parameter-varying models. Multiple linearized models derived from aeroelastic simulation software in different operating regions characterized by the incoming wind speed are combined to construct an approximate low-fidelity model of the system. The combined model is then used to generate open-loop, optimal control trajectories as part of a nested control co-design strategy that explores the system's power production and stability using the platform pitch tilt as a proxy in the context of crucial plant and control design decisions. The radial distance between the central and outer columns and the diameter of the outer columns of the semisubmersible platform are the plant design variables. The platform stability and power production are studied for different plant design decisions. The effect of plant decisions on subsequent power production and stability response of the floating wind turbine is quantified in terms of the levelized cost of energy. The results show that the inner-loop constraints and the plant design decisions affect the turbine's power and, subsequently, the cost of the system.
description: 16 pages 47 figures
Constraining exotic dark matter models with the dark ages 21-cm signal
Creators: name: Mondal, Rajesh
name: Barkana, Rennan
name: Fialkov, Anastasia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dark ages 21-cm signal is a powerful tool for precision cosmology and probing new physics. We study two non-standard models: an excess radio background (ERB) model (possibly generated by dark matter decay) and the millicharged dark matter (mDM) model. These models were inspired by the possible EDGES detection of a strong global 21-cm absorption during cosmic dawn, but more generally they provide a way to anticipate the potential discovery space. During the dark ages the 21-cm global signal in the ERB model reaches a saturated form for an amplitude $A_{\rm r}=0.4$, where $A_{\rm r}$ is the radio background intensity at cosmic dawn relative to the cosmic microwave background. This amplitude is one-fifth of the minimum required to explain the EDGES signal, and corresponds to just 0.1% of the observed extragalactic background; it would give a signal that can be detected at 5.9$σ$ significance (compared to $4.1\,σ$ for the standard signal) and can be distinguished from the standard (no ERB) signal at $8.5\,σ$, all with a 1,000 hr global signal measurement. The 21-cm power spectrum has potentially more information, but far greater resources would be required for comparable constraints. For the mDM model, over a range of viable parameters, the global signal detection significance would be $4.7-7.2\,σ$, and it could be distinguished from the standard at $2.2-9.3\,σ$. With an array of global signal antennas achieving an effective 100,000 hr integration, the significance would be $10\,\times$ better. Our analysis helps motivate the development of lunar and space-based dark ages experiments.
description: Published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
New criteria for self-adjointness and its application to Dirac-Maxwell Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Futakuchi, Shinichiro
name: Usui, Kouta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new theorem concerning a sufficient condition for a symmetric operator acting in a complex Hilbert space to be essentially self-adjoint. By applying the theorem, we prove that the Dirac Maxwell Hamiltonian, which describes a quantum system of a Dirac particle and a radiation field minimally interacting with each other, is essentially self-adjoint. Our theorem covers the case where the Dirac particle is in the Coulomb type potential.
description: 10 pages
Landau Levels in Lattices with Long Range Hopping
Creators: name: Atakişi, Hakan
name: Oktel, M. Ö.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the presence of a periodic potential Landau levels (LLs) are broadened, forming a barrier for accurate simulation of fractional quantum Hall effect using cold atoms in optical lattices. Recently, it has been shown that the degeneracy of the lowest Landau level (LLL) can be restored in a tight binding lattice, if a particular form of long range hopping is introduced [E. Kapit and E. J. Mueller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 215303 (2010)]. In this paper, we investigate three problems related to such quantum Hall parent Hamiltonians in lattices. First, we show that there are infinitely many long range hopping models in which a massively degenerate manifold is formed by lattice discretizations of wavefunctions in the continuum LLL. We then give a general method to construct such models, which is applicable to not only the LLL but also higher LLs. We use this method to give an analytic expression for the hoppings that restore the LLL, and an integral expression for the next LL. We also consider whether the space spanned by discretized LL wavefunctions is as large as the space spanned by continuum wavefunctions and find the constraints on magnetic field for this condition to be satisfied. Finally, using these constraints and first Chern numbers, we identify the bands of the Hofstadter butterfly that correspond to continuum LLs.
description: 26 pages, 12 figures
The Psychosocial Context Impacts Medication Adherence After Acute Coronary Syndrome
Creators: name: Kronish, Ian M.
name: Rieckmann, Nina
name: Burg, Matthew M.
name: Alcantara, Carmela
name: Davidson, Karina W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Coronary heart disease
subject: Depression, Mental
subject: Patient compliance--Psychological aspects
subject: Medical sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Mental health

description: Background
Depression is associated with poor adherence to medications and worse prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
Purpose
To determine whether cognitive, behavioral, and/or psychosocial vulnerabilities for depression explain the association between depression and medication adherence among ACS patients.
Methods
One hundred sixty-nine ACS patients who agreed to have their aspirin adherence measured using an electronic pill bottle for 3 months were enrolled within 1 week of hospitalization. Linear regression was used to determine whether depression vulnerabilities predicted aspirin adherence after adjustment for depressive symptoms, demographics, and comorbidity.
Results
Of the depression vulnerabilities, only role transitions (beta = −3.32; P = 0.02) and interpersonal conflict (beta -3.78; P = 0.03) predicted poor adherence. Depression vulnerabilities did not mediate the association between depressive symptoms and medication adherence.
Conclusions
Key elements of the psychosocial context preceding the ACS including major role transitions and conflict with close contacts place ACS patients at increased risk for poor medication adherence independent of depressive symptoms.
Delocalization of vortex magnetic field near a planar defect
Creators: name: Plastovets, V.
name: Buzdin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we discuss physical mechanisms for delocalization of the magnetic field of Abrikosov vortex in superconductors in the presence of planar defects of various electronic transparency. The resulting strong perturbation of the supercurrent can significantly affect the local flux measurements and mimic the vortices that carried only part of a flux quantum.
Full-Duplex Transceiver System Calculations: Analysis of ADC and Linearity Challenges
Creators: name: Korpi, Dani
name: Riihonen, Taneli
name: Syrjälä, Ville
name: Anttila, Lauri
name: Valkama, Mikko
name: Wichman, Risto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite the intensive recent research on wireless single-channel full-duplex communications, relatively little is known about the transceiver chain nonidealities of full-duplex devices. In this paper, the effect of nonlinear distortion occurring in the transmitter power amplifier (PA) and the receiver chain is analyzed, alongside with the dynamic range requirements of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). This is done with detailed system calculations, which combine the properties of the individual electronics components to jointly model the complete transceiver chain, including self-interference cancellation. They also quantify the decrease in the dynamic range for the signal of interest caused by self-interference at the analog-to-digital interface. Using these system calculations, we provide comprehensive numerical results for typical transceiver parameters. The analytical results are also confirmed with full waveform simulations. We observe that the nonlinear distortion produced by the transmitter PA is a significant issue in a full-duplex transceiver and, when using cheaper and less linear components, also the receiver chain nonlinearities become considerable. It is also shown that, with digitally-intensive self-interference cancellation, the quantization noise of the ADCs is another significant problem.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures
Bae Se Lim as a “Cultural Bridge Builder”: The Role of International Students in Immigrant Community-Building and Identity Formation from the Early to Late-1900s
Creators: name: Choi, Eunseo
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Bae-se Lim
subject: Trans-Pacific migration
subject: U.S. relations with colonial and postcolonial Korea
subject: U.S.-Korean educational exchange
subject: Women's education in the 1900s
subject: Protestant missionaries in precolonial and colonial Korean education
subject: Immigrant community building
subject: Music
subject: Christianity
subject: Cultural preservation and exchange
subject: Ewha Haktang
subject: Korean Christian Institute (KCI)
subject: Oberlin Conservatory
subject: Illinois Wesleyan University
subject: Women’s Relief Society (CWRS)
subject: Korea National Association in Chicago (KNAC)
subject: Korean Music Club in New York (KMC)

description: Ever since Korea and the United States established diplomatic relations after signing the Korea-U.S. Treaty of Amity and Commerce in May 1882, a total of 611 Korean international students were admitted to American higher education institutions between 1884 and 1919. Over time, this number gradually increased, reaching 3,857 in 1970 alone. Through their multicultural and multinational experiences gained during their college years, these students often served as a cultural "bridge" between Korean immigrant communities and U.S. society. It is also important to note that Korean international students not only facilitated the integration process of Korean immigrants into American culture but also helped them foster a sense of cultural identity and nationality. This thesis examines the life of a female international student from Korea – Bae-se Lim – who studied and later immigrated to the United States in the early and mid-1900s. Through a close examination of her experiences and work with the Korean immigrant communities in the United States, this study interrogates how Bae-se Lim worked with Korean immigrants and native-born populations while also assisting immigrants in maintaining their connection to colonial and postcolonial Korean society and culture.
Increased Regional Epicardial Fat Volume Associated with Reversible Myocardial Ischemia in Patients with Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
Creators: name: Khawaja, Tuba
name: Greer, Christine
name: Thadani, Samir R.
name: Kato, Tomoko S.
name: Bhatia, Ketan
name: Shimbo, Daichi
name: Konkak, Andrew
name: Bokhari, Sabahat
name: Einstein, Andrew
name: Schulze, Paul Christian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Adipose tissues
Coronary heart disease
Heart, Mechanical
Medical sciences
Diagnostic imaging
Medicine

description: Epicardial adipose tissue is a source of pro-inflammatory cytokines and has been linked to the development of coronary artery disease. No study has systematically assessed the relationship between local epicardial fat volume (EFV) and myocardial perfusion defects. We analyzed EFV in patients undergoing SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging combined with computed tomography (CT) for attenuation correction. Low-dose CT without contrast was performed in 396 consecutive patients undergoing SPECT imaging for evaluation of coronary artery disease. Regional thickness, cross-sectional areas, and total EFV were assessed. 295 patients had normal myocardial perfusion scans and 101 had abnormal perfusion scans. Mean EFVs in normal, ischemic, and infarcted hearts were 99.8 ± 82.3 cm3, 156.4 ± 121.9 cm3, and 96.3 ± 102.1 cm3, respectively (P < 0.001). Reversible perfusion defects were associated with increased local EFV compared to normal perfusion in the distribution of the right (69.2 ± 51.5 vs 46.6 ± 32.0 cm3; P = 0.03) and left anterior descending coronary artery (87.1 ± 76.4 vs 46.7 ± 40.6 cm3; P = 0.005). Our results demonstrate increased regional epicardial fat in patients with active myocardial ischemia compared to patients with myocardial scar or normal perfusion on nuclear perfusion scans. Our results suggest a potential role for cardiac CT to improve risk stratification in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.
Thryonomys Fitzinger 1867
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Thryonomyidae
Thryonomys

description: Thryonomys Fitzinger, 1867. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 56(1): 141. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410030001000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 592, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
Charge States of Ions, and Mechanisms of Charge-Ordering Transitions
Creators: name: Pickett, W. E.
name: Quan, Y.
name: Pardo, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To gain insight into the mechanism of charge-ordering transitions, which conventionally are pictured as a disproportionation of an ion M as 2M$^{n+}$ $\rightarrow$ M$^{(n+1)+}$ + M$^{(n-1)+}$, we (1) review and reconsider the charge state (or oxidation number) picture itself, (2) introduce new results for the putative charge ordering compound AgNiO$_2$ and the dual charge state insulator AgO, and (3) analyze cationic occupations of actual (not formal) charge, and work to reconcile the conundrums that arise. We establish that several of the clearest cases of charge ordering transitions involve no disproportion (no charge transfer between the cations, hence no charge transfer), and that the experimental data used to support charge ordering can be accounted for within density functional based calculations that contain no charge transfer between cations. We propose that the charge state picture retains meaning and importance, at least inn many cases, if one focuses on Wannier functions rather than atomic orbitals. The challenge of modeling charge ordering transitions with model Hamiltonians is discussed.
Comment, Sixth Amendment--State Sentencing Guidelines
Creators: name: Jackson, Robert J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Law reports, digests, etc.
subject: Sentences (Criminal procedure)--U.S. states
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Public policy (Law)
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Since the Supreme Court announced its landmark decision in Apprendi v. New Jersey commentators have worried that the guideline schemes currently used to sentence criminals throughout the United States could no longer be reconciled with the Courts Sixth Amendment jurisprudence. The Court appeared to confirm these fears last Term when in Blakely Washington five Justices agreed that "every defendant has the right to insist that the prosecutor prove to jury all facts legally essential to [his] punishment" and therefore that "the maximum sentence judge may impose...[is] the maximum he may impose with out any additional findings." In response the academy and the Blakely dissenters predicted the demise of guideline sentencing and several courts have held various regimes unconstitutional.
Recent Case, Appelate Procedure--Force of Circuit Precedent
Creators: name: Jackson, Robert J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Jurisprudence
subject: Appellate procedure
subject: Law reports, digests, etc.
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Public policy (Law)
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The nations courts of appeals have struggled to devise coherent approach to harmonizing existing circuit case law with intervening decisions of the Supreme Court. When the Court directly overrules decision of court of appeals it is agreed that the overruled decision loses the force of law But when Supreme Court opinion disfavors circuits jurisprudential theory the courts of appeals must determine to what extent cases relying on the rejected theory remain good law. Recently in Miller Gammie (Gammie JJ) the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit sitting en banc adopted an approach that directs three-judge panels to reconsider both panel and en banc decisions that would otherwise be binding precedent when those deci sions are "clearly irreconcilable with the reasoning or theory of intervening higher authority." This test is unbounded and will likely prove impossible to administer result foretold by the Gammie II courts error in concluding that Ninth Circuit absolute immunity jurisprudence was "effectively overruled" by Supreme Court cases entirely compatible with existing circuit decisions. To preserve the predictability and coherence of their jurisprudence courts of appeals should instead adopt default rule that presumes the validity of case law not explicitly overruled by the Supreme Court.
Strain-Tunable Magnetic Compensation Temperature of Epitaxial Tb$_3$Fe$_5$O$_{12}$ Thin Films
Creators: name: Li, Yufei
name: Yang, Xihui
name: Bai, Hua
name: Wang, Mingzhi
name: Cheng, Dashuai
name: Song, Cheng
name: Yuan, Zhe
name: Liu, Yi
name: Shi, Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-quality rare-earth iron garnet (ReIG) Tb$_3$Fe$_5$O$_{12}$ (TbIG) thin films are epitaxially grown on a series of (111)-oriented garnet substrates with various lattice constants. The coherent growth induces a substrate-dependent in-plane tensile or compressive strain in the TbIG film. Measurements of the anomalous Hall-like effect (AHLE) in TbIG/Pt heterostructures show that the compensation temperature of TbIG films monotonically changes with the film strain. The strain results in a variation of the distances between magnetic atoms in the TbIG crystal and therefore the corresponding exchange interactions. The latter is explicitly calculated as a function of the lattice strain based on density functional theory, reproducing the observed experimental results. This work provides a versatile way to optimize ReIG-based spin-orbit torque devices.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures
A Riemann-Roch theorem for the noncommutative two torus
Creators: name: Khalkhali, Masoud
name: Moatadelro, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove the analogue of the Riemann-Roch formula for the noncommutative two torus $ A_θ = C(\mathbb{T}_θ^2)$ equipped with an arbitrary translation invariant complex structure and a Weyl factor represented by a positive element $k\in C^{\infty}(\mathbb{T}_θ^2)$. We consider a topologically trivial line bundle equipped with a general holomorphic structure and the corresponding twisted Dolbeault Laplacians. We define an spectral triple ($A_θ, \mathcal{H}, D)$ that encodes the twisted Dolbeault complex of $ A_θ$ and whose index gives the left hand side of the Riemann-Roch formula. Using Connes' pseudodifferential calculus and heat equation techniques, we explicitly compute the $b_2$ terms of the asymptotic expansion of $\text{Tr} (e^{-tD^2})$. We find that the curvature term on the right hand side of the Riemann-Roch formula coincides with the scalar curvature of the noncommutative torus recently defined and computed in \cite{CM1} and \cite{FK2}.
description: 15 pages
Corporate Political Speech: Who Decides?
Creators: name: Bebchuk, Lucian A.
name: Jackson, Robert J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Corporations--Political activity
subject: Corporation law
subject: Corporate speech
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Public policy (Law)

description: The Supreme Court spoke clearly this Term on the issue of corporate political speech, concluding in Citizens United v. FEC that the First Amendment protects corporations’ freedom to spend corporate funds on indirect support of political candidates. Constitutional law scholars will long debate the wisdom of that holding, as do the authors of the two other Comments in this issue. In contrast, this Comment accepts as given that corporations may not be limited from spending money on politics should they decide to speak. We focus instead on an important question left unanswered by Citizens United: who should have the power to decide whether a corporation will engage in political speech?
Additional file 1 of The incorporation of HIV self-testing as an exclusive option among men who have sex with men in Spain: results of an online cross-sectional study
Creators: name: J. Hoyos
name: J. M. Guerras
name: K. Koutentakis
name: L. De La Fuente
name: J. Pulido
name: L. Sordo
name: F. Vallejo
name: M. J. Belza
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Survey questions used for the study in English.
Rethinking Retroactivity
Creators: name: Jackson, Robert J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Retroactive judicial decisions
subject: Jurisprudence
subject: Habeas corpus
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Public policy (Law)

description: Under the stringent test set forth in Teague v. Lane defendants convicted of criminal offenses are generally unable to collaterally attack their convictions by invoking constitutional rules of criminal procedure announced after their convictions become final.2 The purported exception to this general principle is said to require that new constitutional rule be "implicit in the concept of ordered liberty"3 for it to be applied to criminal cases decided before its pronouncement Once rule of criminal procedure is characterized as "new" Teague prohibits the rules invocation in habeas proceedings unless the rule both "assure that no man has been incarcerated under procedure which creates an impermissibly large risk that the innocent will be convicted"5 and "alter our understanding of the bedrock procedural elements that vitiate the fairness of particular conviction."
Odd K_3,3 subdivisions in bipartite graphs
Creators: name: Thomas, Robin
name: Whalen, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We prove that every internally 4-connected non-planar bipartite graph has an odd K_3,3 subdivision; that is, a subgraph obtained from K_3,3 by replacing its edges by internally disjoint odd paths with the same ends. The proof gives rise to a polynomial-time algorithm to find such a subdivision. (A bipartite graph G is internally 4-connected if it is 3-connected, has at least five vertices, and there is no partition (A,B,C) of V(G) such that |A|,|B|>1, |C|=3 and G has no edge with one end in A and the other in B.)
description: 12 pages, 1 figure
Additional file 2 of Altitude influences microbial diversity and herbage fermentation in the rumen of yaks
Creators: name: Qingshan Fan
name: Wanapat, Metha
name: Tianhai Yan
name: Fujiang Hou
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Comparison of the dominant phyla (average relative abundance ≥1% for at least one altitude) within the rumen
Nine Justices Ten Years Statistical Retrospective
Creators: name: Jackson, Robert J.
name: Vjgnarajah, Thiruvendran
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Law reports, digests, etc.
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The 2003 Term marked an unprecedented milestone for the Supreme Court for the first time in history nine Justices celebrated full decade presiding together over the nations highest court The continuity of the current Court is especially striking given that on average one new Justice has been appointed approximately every two years since the Courts expansion to nine members in 1837.2 Although the Harvard Law Review has prepared statistical retrospectives in the past3 the last decade presents rare opportunity to study the Court free from the disruptions of intervening appointments Presented here is review of the 823 cases decided by the Court over the past decade Of course bare statistics cannot capture the nuanced interactions among the Justices nor substantiate any particular theory about the complex dynamics of the Court Rather this statistical compilation and the preliminary observations articulated here are intended only as starting point modest effort to showcase trends that deserve closer attention and to jumpstart more robust analyses of how the Court despite its apparent stability has evolved over the past decade.
Stock Unloading and Banker Incentives
Creators: name: Jackson, Robert J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Stock exchanges
subject: Bankers
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Public policy (Law)
subject: Economics

description: Congress has directed federal regulators to oversee banker pay. For the first time, these regulators are now scrutinizing the incentives of risk-takers beyond the bank's top executives. Like most public company managers, these bankers are increasingly paid in stock rather than cash. The ostensible reason is that stock-based pay aligns manager and shareholder interests. But portfolio theory predicts that managers will diversify away, or "unload," stock-based pay unless they are restricted from doing so. One way to deter unloading may be to require managers to disclose it, as investors and colleagues will assume that managers are unloading because they are unmotivated or think their stock is overvalued. Using rare data on stock unloading at Goldman Sachs, this Essay provides the first empirical study of incentives throughout a bank's managerial hierarchy. I find that bankers paid in stock soon sell a nearly equivalent amount, unless they have to disclose, in which case they sell much less. These findings suggest that regulators concerned about incentives need information on bankers' overall equity holdings, including the effects of unloading. They also suggest that pre-crisis disclosure rules encourage executives to maintain dangerously concentrated positions in their bank's stock.
N-Critics: Self-Refinement of Large Language Models with Ensemble of Critics
Creators: name: Mousavi, Sajad
name: Gutiérrez, Ricardo Luna
name: Rengarajan, Desik
name: Gundecha, Vineet
name: Babu, Ashwin Ramesh
name: Naug, Avisek
name: Guillen, Antonio
name: Sarkar, Soumyendu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a self-correction mechanism for Large Language Models (LLMs) to mitigate issues such as toxicity and fact hallucination. This method involves refining model outputs through an ensemble of critics and the model's own feedback. Drawing inspiration from human behavior, we explore whether LLMs can emulate the self-correction process observed in humans who often engage in self-reflection and seek input from others to refine their understanding of complex topics. Our approach is model-agnostic and can be applied across various domains to enhance trustworthiness by addressing fairness, bias, and robustness concerns. We consistently observe performance improvements in LLMs for reducing toxicity and correcting factual errors.
Cessation of Family Violence: Deterrence and Dissuasion
Creators: name: Fagan, Jeffrey A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Family violence--Research
subject: Criminal behavior
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Criminology
subject: Social structure

description: Family violence research has only recently begun to investigate desistance. Recent developments in the study of behaviors other than family violence, such as the use of addictive substances, suggest that common processes can be identified in the cessation of disparate behaviors involving diverse populations and occurring in different settings. Desistance is the outcome of processes that begin with aversive experiences leading to a decision to stop. Desistance apparently follows legal sanctions in nearly three spouse abuse cases in four, but the duration of cessation is unknown beyond short study periods. Batterers with shorter, less severe histories have a higher probability of desisting than batterers with longer, more severe histories. Victim-initiated strategies, including social and legal sanctions plus actions to create aversive experiences from abuse (e.g., divorce and loss of children) and social disclosure, also lead to desistance. Batterers are more resistant to change when they participate in social networks that support and reinforce violence to maintain family dominance. Desistance may also actually be displacement, where a violent spouse locates a new victim.
Intoxication and Aggression
Creators: name: Fagan, Jeffrey A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Aggressiveness
subject: Drug abuse--Social aspects
subject: Drinking of alcoholic beverages--Social aspects
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Criminology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Evidence of an association between use of illicit substances and aggressive behavior is pervasive. But the precise causal mechanisms by which aggression is influenced by intoxicants are still not well understood. Research on intoxication and aggression often has overlooked the nonviolent behavior of most substance users, controlled use of substances, and the evidence from other cultures of a weak or nonexistent relation between substance use and aggression. There is only limited evidence that ingestion of substances is a direct, pharmacological cause of aggression. The temporal order of substance use and aggression does not indicate a causal role for intoxicants. Research on the nexus between substance use and aggression consistently has found a complex relation, mediated by the type of substance and its psychoactive effects, personality factors and the expected effects of substances, situational factors in the immediate settings where substances are used, and sociocultural factors that channel the arousal effects of substances into behaviors that may include aggression. Contemporary explanations of the intoxication-aggression relation offer only limited explanatory power in view of the occurrence of controlled use of substances, the mutability of cultural norms, and cross-cultural differences.
Juvenile Crime and Criminal Justice: Resolving Border Disputes
Creators: name: Fagan, Jeffrey A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Juvenile delinquency--Government policy
subject: Juvenile courts
subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Public policy (Law)
subject: Law

description: Rising juvenile crime rates during the 1970s and 1980s spurred state legislatures across the country to exclude or transfer a significant share of offenders under the age of eighteen to the jurisdiction of the criminal court, essentially redrawing the boundary between the juvenile and adult justice systems. Jeffrey Fagan examines the legal architecture of the new boundary-drawing regime and how effective it has been in reducing crime.

The juvenile court, Fagan emphasizes, has always had the power to transfer juveniles to the criminal court. Transfer decisions were made individually by judges who weighed the competing interests of public safety and the possibility of rehabilitating young offenders. This authority has now been usurped by legislators and prosecutors. The recent changes in state law have moved large numbers of juveniles into the adult system. As many as 25 percent of all juvenile offenders younger than eighteen, says Fagan, are now prosecuted in adult court. Many live in states where the age boundary between juvenile and criminal court has been lowered to sixteen or seventeen.

The key policy question is: do these new transfer laws reduce crime? In examining the research evidence, Fagan finds that rates of juvenile offending are not lower in states where it is relatively more common to try adolescents as adults. Likewise, juveniles who have been tried as adults are no less likely to re-offend than their counterparts who have been tried as juveniles. Treating juveniles as adult criminals, Fagan concludes, is not effective as a means of crime control.

Fagan argues that the proliferation of transfer regimes over the past several decades calls into question the very rationale for a juvenile court. Transferring adolescent offenders to the criminal court exposes them to harsh and sometimes toxic forms of punishment that have the perverse effect of increasing criminal activity. The accumulating evidence on transfer, the recent decrease in serious juvenile crime, and new gains in the science of adolescent development, concludes Fagan, may be persuading legislators, policymakers, and practitioners that eighteen may yet again be the appropriate age for juvenile court jurisdiction.
Anomalous Microwave Surface Resistance of CeCu6
Creators: name: Hafner, Daniel
name: Dressel, Martin
name: Stockert, Oliver
name: Grube, Kai
name: Löhneysen, Hilbert v.
name: Scheffler, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present surface resistance measurements of the archetypical heavy-fermion compound CeCu6 for frequencies between 3.7 and 18 GHz and temperatures from 1.2 to 6 K. The measurements were performed with superconducting stripline resonators that allow simultaneous measurements at multiple frequencies. The surface resistance of CeCu6 exhibits a pronounced decrease below 3 K, in consistence with dc resistivity. The low-temperature frequency dependence of the surface resistance follows a power law with exponent 2/3. While for conventional metals this would be consistent with the anomalous skin effect, we discuss the present situation of a heavy-fermion metal, where this frequency dependence might instead stem from the influence of electronic correlations.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, proceedings of SCES 2013
Guns, Youth Violence, and Social Identity in Inner Cities
Creators: name: Fagan, Jeffrey A.
name: Wilkinson, Deanna L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Firearms and crime
subject: Firearms ownership
subject: Youth and violence
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Criminology
subject: Social structure

description: While youth violence has always been a critical part of delinquency, the modern epidemic is marked by high rates of gun violence. Adolescents in cities possess and carry guns on a large scale, guns are often at the scene of youth violence, and guns often are used. Guns play a central role in initiating, sustaining, and elevating the epidemic of youth violence. The demand for guns among youth was fueled by an "ecology of danger," comprising street gangs, expanding drug markets with high intrinsic levels of violence, high rates of adult violence and fatalities, and cultural styles of gun possession and carrying. Guns became symbols of respect, power, identity, and manhood to a generation of youth, in addition to having strategic value for survival. The relationship between guns and youth violence is complex. The effects of guns are mediated by structural factors that increase the youth demand for guns, the available supply, and culture and scripts which teach kids lethal ways to use guns.
Policing Guns and Youth Violence
Creators: name: Fagan, Jeffrey A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Gun control
subject: Youth and violence
subject: Firearms and crime
subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Public policy (Law)
subject: Law

description: To combat the epidemic of youth gun violence in the 1980s and 1990s, law enforcement agencies across the United States adopted a variety of innovative strategies. This article presents case studies of eight cities' efforts to police gun crime. Some cities emphasized police–citizen partnerships to address youth violence, whereas others focused on aggressive enforcement against youth suspected of even minor criminal activity. Still others attempted to change youth behavior through "soft" strategies built on alternatives to arrest. Finally, some cities used a combination of approaches. Key findings discussed in this article include:

Law enforcement agencies that emphasized police–citizen cooperation benefited from a more positive image and sense of legitimacy in the community, which may have enhanced their efforts to fight crime.

Aggressive law enforcement strategies may have contributed to a decline in youth gun violence, but they also may have cost police legitimacy in minority communities where residents felt that the tactics were unfair or racially motivated.

Approaches that emphasize nonarrest alternatives and problem-solving strategies offer an intriguing but unproven vision for addressing youth gun violence.

None of the initiatives presented in the case studies has been shown conclusively to reduce youth gun crime over the long term. The author suggests that policing alone cannot contain youth gun violence, but by carefully balancing enforcement with community collaboration, police departments can help shift social norms that contribute to youth gun violence.
Discovery of four new EL CVn-type binaries in the Gaia eclipsing binaries
Creators: name: Peng, Yuhui
name: Wang, Kun
name: Ren, Anbing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we performed a search for EL CVn-type binaries based on the Gaia and TESS data. Through the combination of the Gaia DR3 eclipsing binary catalogue and the Gaia DR3 spectroscopic binary catalogue, we have identified 13 stars exhibiting EL CVn-like characteristics. Among these stars, nine have already been identified as EL CVn binaries, while the remaining four are newly discovered candidates. The photometric solutions and absolute parameters of the four binary systems were obtained by utilizing TESS photometry and orbital elements from Gaia DR3 spectroscopic binary catalogue. Light-curve modeling has revealed that all four binary systems with a detached configuration exhibit very low mass ratios, approximately $q\simeq$0.1. The derived physical parameters indicate that the four binary systems are highly probable candidates for being newly discovered EL CVn-type binaries. A preliminary frequency analysis was conducted on the residuals of the light curves, after the removal of binarity effects. The results suggest that the primary component star of TIC 100011519, TIC 219485855 and TIC 464641792 might be a $δ$ Sct pulsator. However, TIC 399725538 does not exhibit any intrinsic pulsations.
description: 16 pages, 8 fugures, This revised manuscript has been submitted to New Astronomy
Some recent theoretical progress in Higgs boson and top quark physics at hadron colliders
Creators: name: Li, Chong Sheng
name: Li, Hai Tao
name: Shao, Ding Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The test of the Standard Model and search for New Physics signal are main aim of LHC experiment. With the increasing of the measurement accuracy at the LHC, it is a major task in future to exceed the current accuracy of the theoretical predictions for important processes, in particular ones involving Higgs boson and top quark. In this review we briefly summarize some recent theoretical progress in Higgs boson and top quark physics, especially the fixed-order and resummation predictions in QCD at both the Tevatron and the LHC.
description: 21 pages, 20 figures and 6 tables; invited Review for Chinese Science Bulletin; version published in Chinese Science Bulletin
Crime and Work
Creators: name: Fagan, Jeffrey A.
name: Freeman, Richard B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Labor laws and legislation
subject: Criminal behavior--Economic aspects
subject: Criminal statistics
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Criminology
subject: Social sciences--Research

description: Crime and legal work are not mutually exclusive choices but represent a continuum of legal and illegal income-generating activities. The links between crime and legal work involve trade-offs among crime returns, punishment costs, legal work opportunity costs, and tastes and preferences regarding both types of work. Rising crime rates in the 1980s in the face of rising incarceration rates suggest that the threat of punishment is not the dominant cost of crime. Crime rates are inversely related to expected legal wages, particularly among young males with limited job skills or prospects. Recent ethnographic research shows that involvement in illegal work often is motivated by low wages and harsh conditions in legal work. Many criminal offenders "double up" in both legal work and crime, either concurrently or sequentially. This overlap suggests a fluid and dynamic interaction between legal and illegal work. Market wages and job opportunities interact with social and legal pressures to influence decisions to abandon crime for legal work. Explanations of the patterns of legal and illegal work should be informed by econometric, social structural, and labeling theories. The continuity of legal and illegal work suggests the importance of illegal wages in research and theory on criminal decision making.
Additional file 3 of Altitude influences microbial diversity and herbage fermentation in the rumen of yaks
Creators: name: Qingshan Fan
name: Wanapat, Metha
name: Tianhai Yan
name: Fujiang Hou
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Table S3. Comparison of the dominant families (average relative abundance ≥1% for at least one altitude) within the rumen
On integral fusion categories with low-dimensional simple objects
Creators: name: Dong, Jingcheng
name: Dai, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18D10, 16W30

description: Let $k$ be an algebraically closedfield of characteristic zero. In this paper we consider an integral fusion category over $k$ in which the Frobenius-Perron dimensions of its simple objects are at most 3. We prove that such fusion category is of Frobenius type. In addition, we also prove that such fusion category is not simple.
description: 6 pages, t6o appear in Communications in Algebra
Additional file 4 of Altitude influences microbial diversity and herbage fermentation in the rumen of yaks
Creators: name: Qingshan Fan
name: Wanapat, Metha
name: Tianhai Yan
name: Fujiang Hou
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Table S4. Comparison of the dominant genera (average relative abundance ≥0.1% for at least one altitude) within the rumen
Additional file 5 of Altitude influences microbial diversity and herbage fermentation in the rumen of yaks
Creators: name: Qingshan Fan
name: Wanapat, Metha
name: Tianhai Yan
name: Fujiang Hou
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5: Table S5. Major species and proportion of edible herbage at different altitudes