cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity of the Flavohemoprotein Gene of Giardia lamblia: Evidence for High Allelic Heterozygosity and Copy Number Variation
Creators: name: Saghaug, C. S.
name: Klotz, Christian
name: Kallio, J. P.
name: Aebischer, Toni
name: Langeland, N.
name: Hanevik, K.
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Giardia
subject: genetic diversity
subject: copy number variation
subject: flavohemoprotein
subject: oxidative stress
subject: nitrosative stress
subject: allele
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Purpose: The flavohemoprotein (gFlHb) in Giardia plays an important role in managing nitrosative and oxidative stress, and potentially also in virulence and nitroimidazole drug tolerance. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of gFlHb in Giardia assemblages A and B clinical isolates. Methods: gFlHb genes from 20 cultured clinical Giardia isolates were subjected to PCR amplification and cloning, followed by Sanger sequencing. Sequences of all cloned PCR fragments from each isolate were analyzed for single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and compared to genomic Illumina sequence data. Identical clone sequences were sorted into alleles, and diversity was further analyzed. The number of gFlHb gene copies was assessed by mining PacBio de novo assembled genomes in eight isolates. Homology models for assessment of SNV’s potential impact on protein function were created using Phyre2. Results: A variable copy number of the gFlHb gene, between two and six copies, depending on isolate, was found. A total of 37 distinct sequences, representing different alleles of the gFlHb gene, were identified in AII isolates, and 41 were identified in B isolates. In some isolates, up to 12 different alleles were found. The total allelic diversity was high for both assemblages (> 0.9) and was coupled with a nucleotide diversity of < 0.01. The genetic variation (SNVs per CDS length) was 4.8% in sub-assemblage AII and 5.4% in assemblage B. The number of non-synonymous (ns) SNVs was high in gFIHb of both assemblages, 1.6% in A and 3.0% in B, respectively. Some of the identified nsSNV are predicted to alter protein structure and possibly function. Conclusion: In this study, we present evidence that gFlHb, a putative protective enzyme against oxidative and nitrosative stress in Giardia, is a variable copy number gene with high allelic diversity. The genetic variability of gFlHb may contribute metabolic adaptability against metronidazole toxicity.
Realization of a complete Stern-Gerlach interferometer: Towards a test of quantum gravity
Creators: name: Margalit, Yair
name: Dobkowski, Or
name: Zhou, Zhifan
name: Amit, Omer
name: Japha, Yonathan
name: Moukouri, Samuel
name: Rohrlich, Daniel
name: Mazumdar, Anupam
name: Bose, Sougato
name: Henkel, Carsten
name: Folman, Ron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Stern-Gerlach effect, discovered a century ago, has become a paradigm of quantum mechanics. Surprisingly there has been little evidence that the original scheme with freely propagating atoms exposed to gradients from macroscopic magnets is a fully coherent quantum process. Specifically, no full-loop Stern-Gerlach interferometer has been realized with the scheme as envisioned decades ago. Furthermore, several theoretical studies have explained why such an interferometer is a formidable challenge. Here we provide a detailed account of the first full-loop Stern-Gerlach interferometer realization, based on highly accurate magnetic fields, originating from an atom chip, that ensure coherent operation within strict constraints described by previous theoretical analyses. Achieving this high level of control over magnetic gradients is expected to facilitate technological as well as fundamental applications, such as probing the interface of quantum mechanics and gravity. While the experimental realization described here is for a single atom, future challenges would benefit from utilizing macroscopic objects doped with a single spin. Specifically, we show that such an experiment is in principle feasible, opening the door to a new era of fundamental probes.
Multi-Population Phase Oscillator Networks with Higher-Order Interactions
Creators: name: Bick, Christian
name: Böhle, Tobias
name: Kuehn, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37L99 (Primary), 35Q83, 45K05 (Secondary)

description: The classical Kuramoto model consists of finitely many pairwise coupled oscillators on the circle. In many applications a simple pairwise coupling is not sufficient to describe real-world phenomena as higher-order (or group) interactions take place. Hence, we replace the classical coupling law with a very general coupling function involving higher-order terms. Furthermore, we allow for multiple populations of oscillators interacting with each other through a very general law. In our analysis, we focus on the characteristic system and the mean-field limit of this generalized class of Kuramoto models. While there are several works studying particular aspects of our program, we propose a general framework to work with all three aspects (higher-order, multi-population, and mean-field) simultaneously. Assuming identical oscillators in each population, we derive equations for the evolution of oscillator populations in the mean-field limit. First, we clarify existence and uniqueness of our set of characteristic equations, which are formulated in the space of probability measures together with the bounded-Lipschitz metric. Then, we investigate dynamical properties within the framework of the characteristic system. We identify invariant subspaces and stability of the state, in which all oscillators are synchronized within each population. Even though it turns out that this so called all-synchronized state is never asymptotically stable, under some conditions and with a suitable definition of stability, the all-synchronized state can be proven to be at least locally stable. In summary, our work provides a rigorous mathematical framework upon which the further study of multi-population higher-order coupled particle systems can be based.
description: 35 pages, 0 figures
Suppression of collision-induced dissociation in a supersonically expanding gas
Creators: name: Namangalam, Uma
name: Mohandas, Salvi
name: Dinesan, Hemanth
name: S, Sunil Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In high-resolution mass spectrometry, an electrospray ionization source is often paired with an ion-funnel to enhance ion transmission. Although it is established that ions experience collision-induced dissociation as they pass through this device, the impact of gas-flow dynamics on ion fragmentation remains unexplored. The present work demonstrates that the gas-flow dynamics from the capillary interface of an electrospray ionization source into an ion-funnel significantly reduces ion fragmentation. This reduction stems from the substantial decrease in the rate of increase in the internal energy of the ions resulting from the collisions with a supersonically expanding gas. The results of this study have significant consequences for systems that employ electrospray mass spectrometry and ion-mobility spectrometry.
Letter of an adopted Catholic, addressed to the President of the Kentucky Democratic Association of Washington City :The speech of Hon. W.R. Smith of Alabama, delivered in the House of Representatives January 15, 1855, "On the American party and its mission." reviewed.
Creators: name: Adopted Catholic, Pseud.
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2023

description:
 Caption title.
 Signed: An adopted Catholic. Washington, June 30, 1856 colophon (p. 8).
Epeak estimator for Gamma-Ray Bursts Observed by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope
Creators: name: Sakamoto, T.
name: Sato, G.
name: Barbier, L.
name: Barthelmy, S. D.
name: Cummings, J. R.
name: Fenimore, E. E.
name: Gehrels, N.
name: Hullinger, D.
name: Krimm, H. A.
name: Lamb, D. Q.
name: Markwardt, C. B.
name: Palmer, D. M.
name: Parsons, A. M.
name: Stamatikos, M.
name: Tueller, J.
name: Ukwatta, T. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a correlation based on a spectral simulation study of the prompt emission spectra of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT). The correlation is between the Epeak energy, which is the peak energy in the νF_νspectrum, and the photon index (Γ) derived from a simple power-law model. The Epeak - Γrelation, assuming the typical smoothly broken power-law spectrum of GRBs, is \log Epeak = 3.258 - 0.829Γ(1.3 < Γ< 2.3). We take into account not only a range of Epeak energies and fluences, but also distributions for both the low-energy photon index and the high-energy photon index in the smoothly broken power-law model. The distribution of burst durations in the BAT GRB sample is also included in the simulation. Our correlation is consistent with the index observed by BAT and Epeak measured by the BAT, and by other GRB instruments. Since about 85% of GRBs observed by the BAT are acceptably fit with the simple power-law model because of the relatively narrow energy range of the BAT, this relationship can be used to estimate Epeak when it is located within the BAT energy range.
description: 27 pages, 31 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
A POSSE DE BOLA E A EFETIVIDADE NO FUTEBOL: UMA ANÁLISE QUANTITATIVA NOS JOGOS DAS ELIMINATÓRIAS SUL-AMERICANAS PARA A COPA DO MUNDO DE 2018
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Marcus Vinicius
name: Silva, André Ribeiro Da
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: Introdução: A manutenção da posse de bola é um princípio operacional do jogo de futebol, esse estudo busca relacioná-la com outras variáveis ofensivas do jogo para o entendimento de sua relevância em vitórias nas partidas. Objetivos: Analisar a posse de bola em conjunto com finalizações certas e gols marcados para o entendimento da efetividade no futebol. Materiais e Métodos: Coleta e análise de dados quantitativos a partir de uma pesquisa descritiva e transversal pertinentes a posse de bola, finalizações certas e gols marcados dos jogos das eliminatórias sul-americanas para a copa do mundo de 2018, fornecidos pelo software footstats. Como mecanismo procedimental, foi feita uma pesquisa de levantamento de dados juntamente com o cálculo de correlação de Pearson (r) no software SPSS versão 22.0 entre as variáveis (posse de bola, finalizações certas e gols marcados). Resultados: Foram analisados 90 jogos das eliminatórias sulamericanas para a copa do mundo de 2018, essa pesquisa volta-se para 69 deles que houveram um vencedor. Em relação a esses jogos, o cálculo de correlação indicado pelo valor de (r) indica um valor significativo apenas na relação finalizações certas-gols marcados, (r= 0,648, p<0,001). Em contrapartida, os resultados para as relações posse de bola-finalizações certas e posse de bola-gols marcados não foram elevados, (r=0,412, p<0,001) e (r= 0, 258, p=0,001) respectivamente. Conclusão: Conclui-se que nesse campeonato a posse de bola não pode ser constatada como fator determinante para a vitória de uma equipe devido a sua moderada e fraca relações com finalizações certas e gols marcados, respectivamente. Contudo, o alto índice de correlação entre finalizações certas e gols marcados mostram que quanto mais uma equipe leva perigo ao gol adversário mais chances ela tem de marcar e consequentemente ganhar o jogo, portanto, nota-se que a posse de bola por si só não é sinônimo de vitórias, todavia quando acompanhada pela efetividade pode ser uma arma letal em jogos de futebol.
Ensemble nonequivalence and Bose-Einstein condensation in weighted networks
Creators: name: Zhang, Qi
name: Garlaschelli, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The asymptotic (non)equivalence of canonical and microcanonical ensembles, describing systems with soft and hard constraints respectively, is a central concept in statistical physics. Traditionally, the breakdown of ensemble equivalence (EE) has been associated with nonvanishing relative canonical fluctuations of the constraints in the thermodynamic limit. Recently, it has been reformulated in terms of a nonvanishing relative entropy density between microcanonical and canonical probabilities. The earliest observations of EE violation required phase transitions or long-range interactions. More recent research on binary networks found that an extensive number of local constraints can also break EE, even in absence of phase transitions. Here we study for the first time ensemble nonequivalence in weighted networks with local constraints. Unlike their binary counterparts, these networks can undergo a form of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) producing a core-periphery structure where a finite fraction of the link weights concentrates in the core. This phenomenon creates a unique setting where local constraints coexist with a phase transition. We find surviving relative fluctuations only in the condensed phase, as in more traditional BEC settings. However, we also find a non-vanishing relative entropy density for all temperatures, signalling a breakdown of EE due to the presence of an extensive number of constraints, irrespective of BEC. Therefore, in presence of extensively many local constraints, vanishing relative fluctuations no longer guarantee EE.
Hankel determinants of linear combinations of moments of orthogonal polynomials, II
Creators: name: Krattenthaler, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 33C45, Secondary 05A15 11C20 15A15 42C05

description: We present a formula that expresses the Hankel determinants of a linear combination of length $d+1$ of moments of orthogonal polynomials in terms of a $d\times d$ determinant of the orthogonal polynomials. This formula exists somehow hidden in the folklore of the theory of orthogonal polynomials but deserves to be better known, and be presented correctly and with full proof. We present four fundamentally different proofs, one that uses classical formulae from the theory of orthogonal polynomials, one that uses a vanishing argument and is due to Elouafi [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 431} (2015), 1253-1274] (but given in an incomplete form there), one that is inspired by random matrix theory and is due to Brézin and Hikami [Comm. Math. Phys. 214 (2000), 111-135], and one that uses (Dodgson) condensation. We give two applications of the formula. In the first application, we explain how to compute such Hankel determinants in a singular case. The second application concerns the linear recurrence of such Hankel determinants for a certain class of moments that covers numerous classical combinatorial sequences, including Catalan numbers, Motzkin numbers, central binomial coefficients, central trinomial coefficients, central Delannoy numbers, Schröder numbers, Riordan numbers, and Fine numbers.
description: AmS-TeX, 28 pages; some typos corrected
Understanding BL Lac objects Structural & kinematic mode changes in the BL Lac object PKS 0735+178
Creators: name: Britzen, S.
name: Witzel, A.
name: Gong, B. P.
name: Zhang, J. W.
name: Gopal-Krishna
name: Goyal, Arti
name: Aller, M. F.
name: Aller, H. D.
name: Zensus, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. We present evidence that parsec-scale jets in BL Lac objects may be significantly distinct in kinematics from their counterparts in quasars. We argued this previously for the BL lac sources 1803+784 and 0716+714, report here a similar pattern for another well-known BL Lac object, PKS 0735+178, whose nuclear jet is found to exhibit kinematics atypical of quasars. Aims. A detailed study of the jet components' motion reveals that the standard AGN paradigm of apparent superluminal motion does not always describe the kinematics in BL Lac objects. We study 0735+178 here to augment and improve the understanding of the peculiar motions in the jets of BL Lac objects as a class. Methods. We analyzed 15 GHz VLBA (Very Long Baseline Array) observations (2cm/MOJAVE survey) performed at 23 epochs between 1995.27 and 2008.91. Results. We found a drastic structural mode change in the VLBI jet of 0735+178, between 2000.4 and 2001.8 when its twice sharply bent trajectory turned into a linear shape.We further found that this jet had undergone a similar transition sometime between December 1981 and June 1983. A mode change, occurring in the reverse direction (between mid-1992 and mid-1995) has already been reported in the literature. These structural mode changes are found to be reflected in changed kinematical behavior of the nuclear jet, manifested as an apparent superluminal motion and stationarity of the radio knots. In addition, we found the individual mode changes to correlate in time with the maxima in the optical light curve. The last two transitions occurred before a (modest) radio flare. The behavior of this pc-scale jet appears to favor a scenario involving non-ballistic motions of the radio knots, produced by the precession of a continuous jet within the ambient medium.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A (Abstract reduced for astro-ph)
The Physics of Protoplanetesimal Dust Agglomerates. III. Compaction in Multiple Collisions
Creators: name: Weidling, René
name: Güttler, Carsten
name: Blum, Jürgen
name: Brauer, Frithjof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To study the evolution of protoplanetary dust aggregates, we performed experiments with up to 2600 collisions between single, highly-porous dust aggregates and a solid plate. The dust aggregates consisted of spherical SiO$_2$ grains with 1.5$μ$m diameter and had an initial volume filling factor (the volume fraction of material) of $ϕ_0=0.15$. The aggregates were put onto a vibrating baseplate and, thus, performed multiple collisions with the plate at a mean velocity of 0.2 m s$^{-1}$. The dust aggregates were observed by a high-speed camera to measure their size which apparently decreased over time as a measure for their compaction. After 1000 collisions the volume filling factor was increased by a factor of two, while after $\sim2000$ collisions it converged to an equilibrium of $ϕ\approx0.36$. In few experiments the aggregate fragmented, although the collision velocity was well below the canonical fragmentation threshold of $\sim1$ m s$^{-1}$. The compaction of the aggregate has an influence on the surface-to-mass ratio and thereby the dynamic behavior and relative velocities of dust aggregates in the protoplanetary nebula. Moreover, macroscopic material parameters, namely the tensile strength, shear strength, and compressive strength, are altered by the compaction of the aggregates, which has an influence on their further collisional behavior. The occurrence of fragmentation requires a reassessment of the fragmentation threshold velocity.
description: accepted by the Astrophysical Journal
A study of interacting scalar field model from the perspective of the dynamical systems theory
Creators: name: Mandal, Goutam
name: Chakraborty, Soumya
name: Mishra, Sudip
name: Biswas, Sujay Kr.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, considering the background dynamics of flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker(FLRW) model of the universe, we investigate a scalar field model as dark energy candidate which interacting with the pressure-less dust as dark matter from dynamical systems perspective. From phenomenological vantage point two interaction terms are chosen: one depends on Hubble parameter $H$ and other is local, independent of Hubble parameter. In interaction model 1, the scalar field potential as well as the coupling are considered to be in the form of inverse square and accordingly a two-dimensional autonomous system is obtained. On the other hand, Interaction model 2 comprises with the potential as well as coupling of scalar field which are considered in form of exponential function of scalar field ($ϕ$) and as a result of which a four-dimensional autonomous system is achieved. We study two systems separately and come by several critical points in 2D system as well as in 4D system. We have derived sound speed and the classical stability conditions. Furthermore, for 2D autonomous system we analyzed the stability of some critical points at infinity. From this autonomous system, we obtain scalar field dominated solutions representing late time accelerated evolution of the universe that does not elucidate the coincidence problem. Late time scaling solutions are also realized by the accelerated expansion of the universe which evolves in quintessence era that alleviates the coincidence problem successfully. From the analysis of 4D system, we obtain non-hyperbolic sets of critical points which are analyzed by the center manifold theory. In this model, the de Sitter like solutions represent the transient evolution of the universe.
description: 29 pages, 10 captioned figures. Title changed. The paper is revised thoroughly. The version is published in The Physics of the Dark Universe
Strong symmetries in collision models and physical dilations of covariant quantum maps
Creators: name: Cattaneo, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum maps are fundamental to quantum information theory and open quantum systems. Covariant or weakly symmetric quantum maps, in particular, play a key role in defining quantum evolutions that respect thermodynamics, establish free operations in resource theories, and are consistent with transformations of quantum reference frames. To implement quantum maps in the lab, one typically engineers a physical dilation, which corresponds to a unitary evolution entangling the system with an environment. This work systematically explores how weak symmetries of quantum maps manifest in their dilations. We demonstrate that for various classes of physical dilations, including Hamiltonian-driven dilations and short-time collision models that simulate Markovian open quantum dynamics, weak symmetries always lead to strong symmetries in the dilated evolution, resulting in conserved quantities in the system-environment space. We also characterize the subspace where these symmetries arise using Krylov subspaces. Moreover, we show that some different types of physical dilations have no constraints on the dilated evolution, requiring no strong symmetry. Finally, we complement our findings with a variety of illustrative and pedagogical examples. Our results provide essential guidelines for constructing physical dilations of quantum maps, offering a comprehensive understanding of how symmetries shape their implementations in a laboratory or on a quantum computer.
description: Accepted version with a few typos fixed. Comments and suggestions are very welcome!
title: Dark Potentials in Smart Environments
Creators: name: Kayanadath, Thejus
Publisher: name: Emily Carr University of Art and Design
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Technology
valueUri: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85133147
subject: Ethics
valueUri: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85045096
subject: Ubiquitous computing
valueUri: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2002000759
subject: Social media -- Psychological aspects
valueUri: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2006007023

description: Manipulative and intrusive technologies are directly or indirectly responsible for many significant issues faced today, including misinformation, prejudice and violence, and issues with health and wellbeing. Content platforms show hyper-targeted content that reinforces people’s existing biases - sometimes leading them towards harmful, extremist views on society and politics (Chakrabarti). Manipulative interfaces can make digital products extremely addictive, using psychological tricks to keep people engaged and encourage repeated usage (Harris). Many of these persuasive and privacy-intrusive patterns appear in technology-enhanced physical spaces, or 'smart environments'. The extensive use of facial recognition, tracking of people in shared spaces, and persuasive advertisements and interactions bring issues of ethics to smart environments (Lin). The potential for technologies to be harmful is often overlooked or undervalued by designers and technologists in general. This is evidenced by opinions from designers of addictive social media applications, as they move towards curtailing or avoiding their use of these media (Breland). As smart technologies grow prevalent in people’s public and private environments, it is increasingly important for technologists to build an understanding of the harmful possibilities enabled by their work and products. This thesis aims to explore manipulative and intrusive possibilities in technology-enhanced spaces. It follows a methodology of provocation-led workshops to help designers become familiar with technologies in these spaces. Through these workshops, participants are encouraged to identify potential for benefit and harm in scenarios they create, and become familiar with terminology that can help identify and communicate this potential in their work going forward. The outcomes of these workshops contribute to a growing online collection of examples of manipulative and intrusive smart environments. This resource is intended to further build awareness and understanding around these issues, and serve as a reference for technologists, researchers, policy-makers and other interested parties in the future.
New method to constrain the relativistic free-streaming gas in the Universe
Creators: name: Zhao, Wen
name: Zhang, Yang
name: Xia, Tianyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a method to constrain the fraction density $f$ of the relativistic gas in the radiation dominant stage, by their impacts on a relic gravitational waves and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) $B$ polarization power spectrum. We find that the uncertainty of $f$ strongly depends on the noise power spectra of the CMB experiments and the amplitude of the gravitational waves. Taking into account of the CMBPol instrumental noises, an uncertainty $Δf=0.046$ is obtained for the model with tensor-to scalar ratio $r=0.1$. For an ideal experiment with only the reduced cosmic lensing as the contamination of $B$-polarization, $Δf=0.008$ is obtained for the model with $r=0.1$. So the precise observation of the CMB $B$-polarization provides a great opportunity to study the relativistic components in the early Universe.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures and 1 table, Published version
Optical Control of Field-Emission Sites by Femtosecond Laser Pulses
Creators: name: Yanagisawa, Hirofumi
name: Hafner, Christian
name: Doná, Patrick
name: Klöckner, Martin
name: Leuenberger, Dominik
name: Greber, Thomas
name: Hengsberger, Matthias
name: Osterwalder, Jürg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated field emission patterns from a clean tungsten tip apex induced by femtosecond laser pulses. Strongly asymmetric modulations of the field emission intensity distributions are observed depending on the polarization of the light and the laser incidence direction relative to the azimuthal orientation of tip apex. In effect, we have realized an ultrafast pulsed field-emission source with site selectivity on the 10 nm scale. Simulations of local fields on the tip apex and of electron emission patterns based on photo-excited nonequilibrium electron distributions explain our observations quantitatively.
description: 4 pages, submitted to Physical Review Letters
Pareto-Optimal Quantized ResNet Is Mostly 4-bit
Creators: name: Abdolrashidi, AmirAli
name: Wang, Lisa
name: Agrawal, Shivani
name: Malmaud, Jonathan
name: Rybakov, Oleg
name: Leichner, Chas
name: Lew, Lukasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantization has become a popular technique to compress neural networks and reduce compute cost, but most prior work focuses on studying quantization without changing the network size. Many real-world applications of neural networks have compute cost and memory budgets, which can be traded off with model quality by changing the number of parameters. In this work, we use ResNet as a case study to systematically investigate the effects of quantization on inference compute cost-quality tradeoff curves. Our results suggest that for each bfloat16 ResNet model, there are quantized models with lower cost and higher accuracy; in other words, the bfloat16 compute cost-quality tradeoff curve is Pareto-dominated by the 4-bit and 8-bit curves, with models primarily quantized to 4-bit yielding the best Pareto curve. Furthermore, we achieve state-of-the-art results on ImageNet for 4-bit ResNet-50 with quantization-aware training, obtaining a top-1 eval accuracy of 77.09%. We demonstrate the regularizing effect of quantization by measuring the generalization gap. The quantization method we used is optimized for practicality: It requires little tuning and is designed with hardware capabilities in mind. Our work motivates further research into optimal numeric formats for quantization, as well as the development of machine learning accelerators supporting these formats. As part of this work, we contribute a quantization library written in JAX, which is open-sourced at https://github.com/google-research/google-research/tree/master/aqt.
description: 8 pages. Accepted at the Efficient Deep Learning for Computer Vision Workshop at CVPR 2021
MPEC 2023-X291 : 2023 WV23
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 WV23

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Additional file 1 of Efficacy of tocilizumab therapy in a patient with severe pancytopenia associated with a STAT3 gain-of-function mutation
Creators: name: Wang, Wenjie
name: Liu, Luyao
name: Hui, Xiaoying
name: Wang, Ying
name: Ying, Wenjing
name: Zhou, Qinhua
name: Hou, Jia
name: Yang, Mi
name: Sun, Bijun
name: Sun, Jinqiao
name: Wang, Xiaochuan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Supplement Table 1. Variants identified by WES.
Absolute parameters of the eclipsing binary V821 Cas from UBVRI light curves and radial velocities
Creators: name: Cakirli, O.
name: Ibanoglu, C.
name: Bilir, S.
name: Sipahi, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present UBVRI photometric measurements and spectroscopic observations of the double-lined eclipsing binary V821 Cas. The radial velocities were obtained by means of the cross-correlation technique. Simultaneous analyses of the multi-band light curves and RVs give the absolute parameters for the stars as: M$_1$=2.05$\pm$0.07 M$_{\odot}$, M$_2$=1.63$\pm$0.06 M$_{\odot}$, R$_1$=2.31$\pm$0.03 R$_{\odot}$, R$_2$=1.39$\pm$0.02 R$_{\odot}$, T$_{eff_1}$=9 400$\pm$400 K, and T$_{eff_2}$=8 600$\pm$400 K. Analysis of the O-C residuals yielded an apsidal motion in the binary at a rate of $\dotω$=0$^{\degr}$.0149$\pm0^{\degr}$.0023 cycle$^{-1}$, corresponding to an apsidal period of U=118$\pm$19 yr. Subtracting the relativistic contribution we find that $\log k_{2obs}$=-2.590 which is in agreement with the value predicted by theoretical models. Comparison with current stellar evolution models gives an age of $5.6\times10^{8}$ yr for the system.
description: 11 pages, including 6 figures and 6 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
The Tarry-Escott problem
Creators: name: Barrodale, Ian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The numbers 1, 2, and 6 have the same sum and same sum of squares as 0, 4, 5. These two sets are solutions of degree 2 of the Tarry-Escott problem. This problem of finding sets of integers having equal sums of like powers has been investigated for at least two hundred years and we have presented most of the general results. For any given k there exist solutions in integers of the system of equations (formula omitted) any solution will be composed of a set and a permutation of the set; such solutions are called trivial. Many writers have attempted to provide non-trivial solutions for the optimum case where s = k + 1. These so called ideal solutions exist for all k≦9 but no such solutions have been found for k≧10. We have been interested in providing solutions where s is smaller than for previous known examples, and have generated such solutions using a digital computer. Some of our results also apply to an extension of the Tarry-Escott problem in view of a result concerning bounds for this problem.
New Magellanic Cloud R Coronae Borealis and DY Per type stars from the EROS-2 database: the connection between RCBs, DYPers and ordinary carbon stars
Creators: name: Tisserand, P.
name: Wood, P. R.
name: Marquette, J. B.
name: Afonso, C.
name: Albert, J. N.
name: Andersen, J.
name: Ansari, R.
name: Aubourg, E.
name: Bareyre, P.
name: Beaulieu, J. P.
name: Charlot, X.
name: Coutures, C.
name: Ferlet, R.
name: Fouqué, P.
name: Glicenstein, J. F.
name: Goldman, B.
name: Gould, A.
name: Gros, M.
name: de Kat, J.
name: Lesquoy, E.
name: Loup, C.
name: Magneville, C.
name: Maurice, E.
name: Maury, A.
name: Milsztajn, A.
name: Moniez, M.
name: Palanque-Delabrouille, N.
name: Perdereau, O.
name: Rich, J.
name: Schwemling, P.
name: Spiro, M.
name: Vidal-Madjar, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: R Coronae Borealis stars (RCB) are a rare type of evolved carbon-rich supergiant stars that are increasingly thought to result from the merger of two white dwarfs, called the Double degenerate scenario. This scenario is also studied as a source, at higher mass, of type Ia Supernovae (SnIa) explosions. Therefore a better understanding of RCBs composition would help to constrain simulations of such events. We searched for and studied RCB stars in the EROS Magellanic Clouds database. We also extended our research to DY Per type stars (DYPers) that are expected to be cooler RCBs (T~3500 K) and much more numerous than their hotter counterparts. The light curves of ~70 millions stars have been analysed to search for the main signature of RCBs and DYPers: a large drop in luminosity. Follow-up optical spectroscopy was used to confirm each photometric candidate found. We have discovered and confirmed 6 new Magellanic Cloud RCB stars and 7 new DYPers, but also listed new candidates: 3 RCBs and 14 DYPers. We estimated a range of Magellanic RCB shell temperatures between 360 and 600 K. We confirm the wide range of absolute luminosity known for RCB stars, M_V~-5.2 to -2.6. Our study further shows that mid-infrared surveys are ideal to search for RCB stars, since they have thinner and cooler circumstellar shells than classical post-AGB stars. In addition, by increasing the number of known DYPers by ~400%, we have been able to shed light on the similarities in the spectral energy distribution between DYPers and ordinary carbon stars. We also observed that DYPer circumstellar shells are fainter and hotter than those of RCBs. This suggests that DYPers may simply be ordinary carbon stars with ejection events, but more abundance analysis is necessary to give a status on a possible evolutionnary connexion between RCBs and DYPers.
description: 22 pages, 38 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A
Chiral superconductivity in UTe2 probed by anisotropic low-energy excitations
Creators: name: Ishihara, K.
name: Roppongi, M.
name: Kobayashi, M.
name: Mizukami, Y.
name: Sakai, H.
name: Haga, Y.
name: Hashimoto, K.
name: Shibauchi, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral spin-triplet superconductivity is a topologically nontrivial pairing state with broken time-reversal symmetry, which can host Majorana quasiparticles. The recently discovered heavy-fermion superconductor UTe$_2$ exhibits peculiar properties of spin-triplet pairing, and the possible chiral state has been actively discussed. However, the symmetry and nodal structure of its order parameter in the bulk, which determine the Majorana surface states, remains controversial. Here we focus on the number and positions of superconducting gap nodes in the ground state of UTe$_2$. Our magnetic penetration depth measurements for three field orientations in the Meissner state reveal the power-law temperature dependence with exponents nearly equal to 2 or less than 2, which excludes single-component spin-triplet states. The anisotropy of low-energy quasiparticle excitations indicates multiple point nodes near the $k_y$- and $k_z$-axes, evidencing that the order parameter has multiple components in a chiral complex form. We find that most consistent is a chiral $B_{3u}+iA_u$ non-unitary state, which provides fundamentals of the topological properties in UTe$_2$.
description: 40 pages, 17 figures
Volumes of n-simplices with vertices on a polynomial space curve
Creators: name: Cinkir, Zubeyir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E05; 05E10; 06B15

description: In this paper, we give a formula for the area of the triangle formed by the vertices that live on a given polynomial, and we generalize this formula to the volumes of $n$-simplices with vertices on a polynomial space curve. To prove these results, we use induction arguments and a well known identity for complete symmetric polynomials.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure. The results and the proofs are elementary. Most of the proofs based on induction. However, it is interesting to see how the formulas line up, and can be generalized to higher levels one by one
No Free Lunch: Fundamental Limits of Learning Non-Hallucinating Generative Models
Creators: name: Wu, Changlong
name: Grama, Ananth
name: Szpankowski, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generative models have shown impressive capabilities in synthesizing high-quality outputs across various domains. However, a persistent challenge is the occurrence of "hallucinations", where the model produces outputs that are plausible but invalid. While empirical strategies have been explored to mitigate this issue, a rigorous theoretical understanding remains elusive. In this paper, we develop a theoretical framework to analyze the learnability of non-hallucinating generative models from a learning-theoretic perspective. Our results reveal that non-hallucinating learning is statistically impossible when relying solely on the training dataset, even for a hypothesis class of size two and when the entire training set is truthful. To overcome these limitations, we show that incorporating inductive biases aligned with the actual facts into the learning process is essential. We provide a systematic approach to achieve this by restricting the facts set to a concept class of finite VC-dimension and demonstrate its effectiveness under various learning paradigms. Although our findings are primarily conceptual, they represent a first step towards a principled approach to addressing hallucinations in learning generative models.
Encephalitis in bone marrow transplant patient
Creators: name: Sheehy, Niall
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Infection

description: Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
description: female, 50 years
description: Clinical History: 50 year old man presented with acute onset confusion Day 49 post bone marrow transplant for relapsed ALL (Acute lymphocytic leukaemia)Transplant conditioning regime: Melphalan, Fludarabine, AlemtuzumabOther background history: Appendectomy, In... Final Diagnosis: HHV 6 encephalitis
JOSSE: A Software Development Effort Data Set Annotated with Expert Estimates
Creators: name: Alhamed, Mohammed
name: Storer, Tim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: effort estimation
planning poker
crowdsourcing
human computation
software engineering
agile development

description: As part of the research work that investigates crowds' ability to predict an expert-comparable estimate for software development and maintenance tasks, it was crucial to find such tasks annotated by expert estimates and descriptions. In the same time, it was essential for those tasks to be open so that the public crowd can predict them. Up to our knowledge, the literature has no such data set. Fortunately, some open-source software projects and communities have open issues tracker systems, e.g. JIRA, that contains software development and maintenance issues (tasks) annotated with expert estimates. From which, the JIRA Open Source Software Effort (JOSSE) Data set was collected as part of Crowd Planing Poker (CPP) research.
Velocity dispersion function evolution from strong lensing statistics
Creators: name: Ferrami, Giovanni
name: Wyithe, J. Stuart B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The redshift and size distributions of galaxy scale strong lenses depend on the evolution of early-type galaxies (ETGs). We use this dependence to constrain the velocity dispersion function (VDF) evolution from the Strong Lensing Legacy Survey (SL2S) sample of lenses in the redshift range 0.25 < z < 0.75. Our modeling of the lens population includes lens identifiability given survey parameters, and constrains the evolution of the VDF based on the redshift distributions of sources and lenses as well as the distribution of Einstein radii. We consider five different assumptions for the reference VDF at redshift zero and two sets of scaling relations for the VDF. We find that in all cases the observed lens sample favors a slow evolution of both the VDF normalization factor and the VDF characteristic velocity with redshift which is consistent with a VDF that is constant in redshift for z < 0.75.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures. Accepted to MNRAS
Crowd Planning Poker (CPP) Replication Pack
Creators: name: Alhamed, Mohammed
name: Storer, Tim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: effort estimation
human computation
crowdsourcing
software engineering
agile development

description: This is a replication pack of CPP experimental work that used JOSSE data set to randomly select issues that meet the experiment design, as explained in the research publication. Thirty issues have been used and annotated with supplementary information including issues' project overview and issues' term definitions. The pack consists of two parts, experiment data and calculation code.
Localized modes and the Mossbauer effect
Creators: name: Wells, David Ernest
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Two types of experiments involving the Mossbauer atom as a dilute impurity in a host lattice are discussed. For a zero-phonon experiment with Fe⁵⁷ in Pt¹⁹⁵ at room temperature, the expected shift of the central Mossbauer peak is [symbol omitted]/3000. The minimum time required to experimentally determine this shift to within 10% is found to be 16 weeks of counting with a 5 millicurie source. For a one-phonon experiment with Fe⁵⁷ in Pt¹⁹⁵, the count rate due to resonance scattering is found to be 3.14 x 10⁻⁴/sec., and the count rate due to Rayleigh scattering 2.2 x l0⁻²/sec. The case of Fe⁵⁷ in Be⁹ is also discussed. An air trough Mossbauer shift spectrometer constructed to perform the zero-phonon experiment is described. Vibrations present in this apparatus, making it inadequate for experimental work, are discussed.
Bayesian inference of a non-local proliferation model
Creators: name: Szymańska, Zuzanna
name: Skrzeczkowski, Jakub
name: Miasojedow, Błażej
name: Gwiazda, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: From a systems biology perspective the majority of cancer models, although interesting and providing a qualitative explanation of some problems, have a major disadvantage in that they usually miss a genuine connection with experimental data. Having this in mind, in this paper, we aim at contributing to the improvement of many cancer models which contain a proliferation term. To this end, we propose a new non-local model of cell proliferation. We select data which are suitable to perform a Bayesian inference for unknown parameters and we provide a discussion on the range of applicability of the model. Furthermore, we provide proof of the stability of a posteriori distributions in total variation norm which exploits the theory of spaces of measures equipped with the weighted flat norm. In a companion paper, we provide a detailed proof of the well-posedness of the problem and we investigate the convergence of the EBT algorithm applied to solve the equation.