cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exercise, Hormones and Breast Cancer Prevention
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Studies on humans and in the laboratory suggest that breast cancer risk is lower in individuals who exercise on a regular basis. The results have been inconsistent, however, with some studies showing a reduction and others showing no effect or an increase in breast cancer occurrence. Thus, the conclusions reached by these investigations must be viewed with a degree of caution. The differences reported in part are due to the variation in exercise programs investigated in terms of how long one exercises, the type of exercise performed and the amount of effort one has to put into that particular form of exercise. Other factors to consider in humans are one’s inherited breast cancer susceptibility, variations in diet and other life style complications.

 In this study we intend to study the effect of exercise on breast cancer using a rat mammary model. These experiments will control for several of the confounding variables present when trying to conduct similar studies on humans. All animals will be exercised for the same periods of time in the same way. We will study animals as they develop through puberty, become pregnant and nurse their offspring to determine if the effect of exercise is preventive when the hormonal status of a female is changed. We will also apply the same exercise regime to females whose ovaries have been removed to simulate the menopausal state and in females where the ovaries have been removed but estrogen replaced to simulate estrogen replacement therapy in females. In addition, we will investigate the role of a single nutritional supplement, vitamin E, in the prevention of mammary cancer.

 For the human female, questions such as how much exercise and what type of activity is required for this protection are key. At what age should exercise begin to be of benefit? We also would like to know if women carrying a genetic predisposition to breast cancer can benefit from exercise. To that end, we have chosen a rat strain that is genetically susceptible to mammary cancer for these studies. The ultimate goal of these experiments is to contribute to the understanding of the link between exercise and breast cancer prevention so that public education programs and health policies can be developed to address this important issue.
The Effects of Duration and Sonority on Contour Tone Distribution--Typological Survey and Formal Analysis
Creators: name: Zhang, Jie
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2001

description: This dissertation addresses two general questions in phonology:  (a)  Are positional prominence effects contrast-specific?  (b)  For a specific phonological contrast, is its positional prominence behavior tuned to language-specific phonetic patterns?    These questions are investigated through the behavior of contour tones. Unlike many other phonological features, the production and perception of contour tones crucially depend on the duration and sonority of the rime. This provides a testing ground for whether the positional prominence behavior of contour tones is tied to its specific articulatory and perceptual needs. Furthermore, there exist multiple phonological factors that affect the duration of the sonorous portion of the rime, and the magnitudes of these effects differ on a language-specific basis. This provides a testing ground for whether the contour tone behavior of a language is tuned to its specific phonetic patterns. In a survey of 187 languages, the distribution of contour tones is found to correlate closely with the duration and sonority of the rime.  Syllables with longer sonorous rime duration, e.g., those that are long-vowelled, sonorant-closed, stressed, prosodic-final, or in a shorter word, are more likely to carry contour tones. This supports the contrast specificity of positional prominence, since the distribution of contour tones is decidedly different from that of many other phonological features, and it is tuned to the specific articulatory and perceptual needs of contour tones. In phonetic studies of languages with the same multiple factors that induce rime lengthening, it is found that contour tones always favor the factor with the greatest lengthening, even though different languages have different factors that induce the greatest lengthening. This is evidence for the relevance of language-specific phonetics in positional prominence. Formal apparatus couched in Optimality Theory is proposed to account for the effects of duration and sonority on contour tone distribution. The apparatus necessarily encodes many phonetic details.  But it predicts only general patterns that are attested in the survey, and it can account for both the ‘phonological’ effects of tone and length neutralization and the ‘phonetic’, albeit language-specific, effects of partial contour reduction and rime lengthening.
Hemiscylliidae Gill 1862
Creators: name: White, William T.
name: Ko'Ou, Alfred
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Chondrichthyes
Orectolobiformes
Hemiscylliidae

description: Family Hemiscylliidae Gill, 1862
Bamboo Sharks
description: Published as part of White, William T. & Ko'Ou, Alfred, 2018, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of Papua New Guinea, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4411 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4411.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1221878
Structural Markedness and Syntactic Structure: A Study of Word Order and the Left Periphery in Mexican Spanish
Creators: name: Gutiérrez-Bravo, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2002

description: This dissertation investigates a number of word order phenomena attested in Spanish in general and in Mexican Spanish in particular, concentrating on the unmarked word order of this language and the perturbations of this order that result from two left-peripheral movement operations, topicalization and wh-movement. The core proposal developed here is that the unmarked word order in Spanish is not the result of some licensing condition related to the subject (i.e. Case, agreement, etc.), but rather results from the interaction between the Extended Projection Principle (EPP) and considerations regarding structural markedness. The analysis developed here argues that, in the unmarked case, the EPP in Spanish is satisfied in the specifier of the highest inflectional projection by the argument of the verb that ranks highest in the thematic hierarchy, which may but need not correspond to the grammatical subject. To disassociate the constituent that satisfies the EPP from any specific grammatical relation, I propose that it be referred to as the Pole of the clause. I propose that Spanish clauses with different constituents in the Pole position have different degrees of structural markedness, depending of their semantic role. Agents and experiencers constitute the least marked instance of a Pole. Other arguments and adjuncts which rank lower in the thematic hierarchy constitute more marked instances of a Pole. I argue that beyond a certain degree of structural markedness (when the constituent that would satisfy the EPP ranks low in the thematic hierarchy) it is better not to satisfy the EPP altogether. This explains a number of Spanish verb-initial constructions where the highest inflectional specifier is left empty. I argue that Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolensky 1993), where well-formedness conditions are interpreted as violable constraints, provides a straightforward analysis of this state of affairs. Finally, I show that the two fundamental properties of the Pole position, its sensitivity to the semantic role of the constituent that occupies it and being the position where the EPP is satisfied, allow us to explain a number of word order facts observed in two left-peripheral phenomena in Spanish, topicalization and the fronting of interrogative operators.
New Method for Measuring Breast Cancer Gene Expression
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: This IDEA grant provides the opportunity to perform proof of principle studies on a new concept for analysis of genetic function in breast cancer. If successful, this technique will provide new information on fundamental biological characteristics of breast tumors and their associated risk factors, and help contribute to the identification of new genes involved in breast cancer development. Such information is critical to the development of early detection and prevention strategies.

 Malignant breast cancer cells contain abnormalities in the genetic code of their DNA which alter critical aspects of normal function. The first step in translation of the genetic code into function is the production of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, a different type for each gene. A mistake in the genetic code in a gene will result in an abnormal type of mRNA. In many cases this leads to an increase or decrease in the amount of that type of mRNA in the cell. Thus detection of abnormal mRNA levels provides one important view of the genetic events involved in the development of malignancy. Current techniques are only able to analyze mRNA produced by a few genes at a time, and these genes must have already been discovered. Since a large number of breast cancer genes are already known, and many remain to be discovered, more comprehensive analytical approaches are needed. We propose to develop a method that will: a) measure the expression of multiple genes in a single test; and b) contribute to discovery of new breast cancer genes. The proposed method involves extraction of the mRNA produced by all of the genes in a breast tumor and labeling that mixture with a green fluorescent dye. Similarly all the mRNA is extracted from normal cells and labeled with a red dye. These are then combined and reacted with an array. Each element of the array contains many copies of the same DNA molecule, but the molecules differ among the elements. The mRNA produced from a gene binds specifically to the element that contains DNA with the genetic code from which it was originally made. Thus each element becomes stained with a mixture of green and red dyes, and the ratio of the two colors is proportional to the ratio of that mRNA in the tumor and normal cells. For example if a type of mRNA in a tumor becomes elevated its green to red ratio would be higher than the ratio for an mRNA that remains the same in tumor and normal cells, while if it became reduced in abundance its ratio would be lower. We will test this method by analyzing the expression of the gene cERBB2, which is known to be at elevated levels in some breast tumors and is related to a poorer prognosis.
Neochrysocharis formosus Westwood
Creators: name: Yefremova, Zoya A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Neochrysocharis
Neochrysocharis formosus

description: 101. Neochrysocharis formosus (Westwood)
Material examined. 1 ♀, Israel, Nahal Kziv, 28 km NE Haifa, 22.xvii.1972, reared from braconid cocoon (D. Gerling); 1 ♂, 8 km NE Ashdod, sweeping, 1.viii.1972 (D. Gerling); 5 ♀, Tel Aviv University, M.T., 1.x.2006 (W. Kuslitzky); 2 ♀, 1 ♂, Tel Aviv University, M.T., 15.iii.2007 (W. Kuslitzky); 3 ♀, 1 ♂, Tel Aviv, M.T., 23.v.2007 (W. Kuslitzky); 2 ♀, Tel Aviv, M.T., 1.v.2007 (W. Kuslitzky); 2 ♀, 1 ♂, Ma’agan Mikha’el, M.T., xi.2008 (W. Kuslitzky); 1 ♀, Ma’agan Mikha’el, M.T., 19.vi.2009 (W. Kuslitzky); 9 ♀, Ma’agan Mikha’el, M.T., 1.ix.2008 (W. Kuslitzky); 2 ♀, 1 ♂, Ma’agan Mikha’el, M.T., 29.ii.2009 (W. Kuslitzky); 1 ♀, Ma’agan Mikha’el, M.T., 22.iv.2009 (W. Kuslitzky); 1 ♀, Ma’agan Mikha’el, M.T., 29.iv.2009 (W. Kuslitzky); 3 ♀, Ma’agan Mikha’el, M.T., 26.ix.2009 (W. Kuslitzky); 1 ♀, Almagor, M.T., 18.x.2010 (W. Kuslitzky); 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Almagor, M.T., 2.xi.2010 (W.
Kuslitzky); 3 ♀, Almagor, M.T., 15.xi.2010 (W. Kuslitzky); 2 ♀, Almagor, M.T., 9.xi.2010 (W. Kuslitzky); 3 ♀, Botanical garden, Tel Aviv, M.T., xi.2010 (Z. Yefremova, V. Kravchenko); 2 ♀, Botanical garden, Tel Aviv, M.T., vii.2011 (Z. Yefremova, V. Kravchenko); 1 ♀, ‘Enot Zuqim, 17.iii.2011, sweeping (Z. Yefremova); 3 ♀, Botanical garden, Tel Aviv, M.T., viii.2011 (Z. Yefremova, V. Kravchenko); 1 ♀, Sede Boqer, M.T., 1.v.2012 (Z. Yefremova, V. Kravchenko); 1 ♀, Rehovot Maz Keret Batya, sweeping, 12.03.2013 (Z. Yefremova); 1 ♀, Holot’Agur, M.T., 1.iv.2013 (I. Revah); 2 ♀, Latrun, reared from Liriomyza cicerina on Trifolium repens 14-18.iii.2013 (Z. Yefremova); 1 ♂, Karmel, Daliyat al-Karmel, sweeping, 24.V.2014 (Z. Yefremova).
Hosts. Endoparasitoid of dipterous leaf-miners (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (LaSalle & Parrella 1991; Askew et al. 2001; Rizzo & Massa 2002; Yefremova et al. 2007); new host-record Liriomyza cicerina and hyperparasitoid of Braconidae.
Distribution. Israel (Gumovsky 2003); cosmopolitan (Noyes 2014).
description: Published as part of Yefremova, Zoya A., 2015, An annotated checklist of the Eulophidae (excl. Tetrastichinae) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Israel, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 3957 (1) on pages 22-23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/288546
Novel retinoids that induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: In North America, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. In 1992 alone, approximately 180,000 new cases were found in the U.S. and more that 45,000 died in that year from breast cancer. In the last twenty years, significant progress in the detection of this cancer has been made, but the number of deaths due to this cancer has not changed significantly. New treatments are therefore urgently needed.

 Retinoids belong to a class of substances that are synthetic (man made) copies and derivatives of retinoic acid, which is one active form of vitamin A. We have discovered several new retinoids that effectively inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells when these cells are grown in culture dishes. Some of these retinoids not only inhibit the growth of the breast cancer cells, but directly kill them. They start a so-called suicide program (called "apoptosis") in these cells. The general mechanisms by which retinoids function are quite well understood today. Their action is much more specific than that of chemotherapeutic agents used often in treatment of cancer. We want to analyze how our new retinoids induce cell death of breast cancer cells and whether their action can be increased when they are used together with other agents that are already used in the treatment of breast cancer. We expect that our proposed research will give us important data that can form a basis for the development of new breast cancer treatments.
Consonant cluster phonotactics: a perceptual approach
Creators: name: Côté, Marie-Hélène
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2000

description: This dissertation deals with deletion and epenthesis processes conditioned or constrained by the consonantal environment, essentially consonant deletion, vowel epenthesis, and vowel deletion. It is argued that the standard generative approach to these processes, which relies on the syllable and the principle of prosodic licensing, is empirically inadequate, and an alternative sequential approach based on perceptual factors is developed. It is proposed that the likelihood that a consonant deletes, triggers epenthesis, or blocks vowel deletion correlates with the quality and quantity of the auditory cues associated to it in a given context. The approach is implemented in Optimality Theory and adopts more specifically the ‘Licensing by cue’ framework developed by Steriade (1999a,c). New empirical gneralizations concerning deletion and epenthesis processes are uncovered, in particular  1) the fact that stops are more likely than other consonants to delete, trigger epenthesis, or block deletion;  2) the role of syntagmatic contrast in deletion and epenthesis processes;  3) the role of the audibility of stop release bursts;  4) the existence of cumulative edge effects, whereby more and more phonotactic combinations are licensed at the edges of prosodic domains as we go up the prosodic hierarchy. These generalizations are elucidated in terms of internal and contextual cues, modulation in the acoustic signal, and cue enhancement processes at edges of prosodic domains. The proposed perceptual approach achieves a substantial simplification and unification of the conceptual apparatus necessary to analyze deletion and epenthesis processes. It subsumes under the more general notion of perceptual salience principles of syllable well-formedness and the Obligatory Contour Principle. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for exceptional mechanisms such as extrasyllabicity at domain edges. The analysis is based on the study of deletion and epenthesis processes in a variety of languages. Detailed investigations of schwa in Parisian French, cluster simplification in Quebec French, and stop deletion and vowel epenthesis in Ondarroa Basque are provided.
Reduplication without Template Constraints: A Study in Bare-Consonant Reduplication
Creators: name: Hendricks, Sean Quillan
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1999

description: Recent analyses in reduplication have questioned the viability of template constraints to account for reduplicant shape in Optimality Theory. Such template constraints require the mapping of a reduplicant to prosodic unit such as the foot, syllable, or mora. Such template constraints make incorrect predictions regarding the types of reduplicative patterns and incorrectly match morphological types to prosodic types. The alternative is to eliminate template constraints and allow the shape of reduplicants to be determined by more general strucutural constraints in language.In this dissertation, I make two major contributions to this body of work. One major contribution is the presentation of data regarding bare-consonant reduplication (Semai, Marshallese, Coushatta, Yokuts, Secwepemc). In this data, reduplicants surface as a copy of a single consonant (C) (eg. Marshallese yibbiqen 'chunky (distributive)') or a string of two consonants (CC) (eg. Yokuts giy’igyißta 'touch repeatedly'). The reduplicants in these data are not clearly delimited by a prosodic unit, and therefore, provide support for the position that template constraints are not only undesirable, but empirically inadequate.The second contribution to this body of work is an alternative method of analysis that accounts for reduplicant shapes by the interaction of constraints that are independently necessary to account for the ordering of morphemes in a morphologically-complex form. Under this proposal, reduplicants are "compressed" between morphemes and the edges of the morphological word. This compression model uses constraints of the Generalized Alignment schema of constraints (McCarthy & Prince 1993b). The model is more empirically adequate than alternative a-templatic analyses.The compression model is extended to cases of reduplication in which the reduplicant is not a consistent prosodic unit across a paradigm (Hopi). Also this model is shown to be adequate to account for cases of reduplication that are more transparently matched to a prosodic unit (Ilokano). Such extensions of the compression model make predictions about types of non-concatenative morphology that have empirical evidence.
Chiloscyllium Muller & Henle 1837
Creators: name: White, William T.
name: Ko'Ou, Alfred
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Chondrichthyes
Orectolobiformes
Hemiscylliidae
Chiloscyllium

description: Genus Chiloscyllium Müller & Henle, 1837a
Bamboosharks
Chiloscyllium Müller & Henle, 1837a: 112. Type species: Scyllium plagiosum (Anonymous [Bennett], 1830, by subsequent monotypy.
description: Published as part of White, William T. & Ko'Ou, Alfred, 2018, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of Papua New Guinea, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4411 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4411.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1221878
Investigating intrinsic silicon oxide and a lightly doped p-type layer for evolution of tail states and estimating its impact as a passivation layer in a HIT type device
Creators: name: Iftiquar, S M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrogenated amorphous silicon is well known for its various alloys and wide ranging opto-electronic properties. Hydrogenated silicon sub-oxide (aSiO:H) is one of them. The effect of boron doping on optoelectronic properties of the aSiO:H have been investigated with intrinsic and delta-doped materials. The Urbach energy of the tail and midgap defect states of the intrinsic and lightly doped(0.01% gas phase doping) materials were found to be 103, 151 meV and 8.19x1016 , 5.47x1017 cm-3 respectively. As a result of the 0.01% doping a reduction in optical gap was observed from 1.99 to 1.967 eV along with a shift in Fermi level by 0.258eV, indicating an efficient boron doping of the intrinsic silicon oxide material. The lightly doped p-type layer was used to simulate device characteristics in amorphous silicon (aSi:H) and HIT-type solar cell. In the aSi:H device the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was moderate while in a HIT-type device the PCE was 26.4%. It indicated that a good quality silicon oxide layer can be an attractive passivation layer for a HIT type device. It further indicated that defect density of the passivation layer can have a significant impact on performance of a HIT type device. The primary difference of the two passivation layers (intrinsic and delta-doped) are the difference in mid-gap and tail states. Passivation layer with a higher mid-gap state leads to poorer device performance. Therefore, it highlights the importance of using a less defective passivation layer to improve device performance.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables
The Phonotactics and Phonology of Obstruent Clusters in Optimality Theory
Creators: name: Morelli, Frida
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1999

description: In this dissertation, I present a typology of obstruent clusters and argue that the systematic patterns of occurrence of these clusters must be explained in sonority-independent terms. I argue that there are two dimensions along which generalizations can be made; one is the dimension where the feature [continuant] is relevant and the other is the place dimension. On the continuancy dimension, I claim that markedness relationships exist among the four types of obsturent clusters, i.e. fricative+stop, fricative+fricative, stop+fricative and stop+stop. In particular, I argue that fricative+stop clusters are the unmarked type of obstruent clusters. Their unmarkedness is assessed against a system of constraints on segment sequencing on the basis of a strategy of analysis that derives universal markedness relationships without fixed rankings. I call this strategy the Subset Strategy. Modern Greek and Nisqually provide evidence for my proposal, as does a cross-linguistic survey of obstruent cluster patterns. On the place dimension, I show that the typology observed can best be understood via a system of constraints that favors faithfulness to place in release positions. Relevant data from English, German, Dakota and Takelma are presented and analyzed. Finally, I argue that, s+STOP clusters are the best-formed of all obstruent clusters because they are unmarked along both dimensions. I show that the special phonological behavior often associated with these clusters follows from the fact that they are unmarked within the dimension of obstruent clusters and not because they are marked within the dimension of core clusters.
Neochrysocharis aratus Walker
Creators: name: Yefremova, Zoya A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Neochrysocharis
Neochrysocharis aratus

description: 102. Neochrysocharis aratus (Walker)
Material examined. 1 ♀, Israel, Bet She’an, M.T., 20.iv.2007 (Nakash); 6 ♀, Ma’agan Mikha’el, M.T., xi.2008 (W. Kuslitzky).
Hosts. Endoparasitoid of Chromatomyia fuscula Zetterstedt (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Hansson 1990) and larval endoparasitoid of Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Méneville) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) (Enriquez et al. 1976).
Distribution. Israel *; Nearctic, Neotropic and Palearctic ecorealms (Bouček & Askew 1968; Hansson 1990; Koponen & Askew 2002; Yefremova et al. 2010).
description: Published as part of Yefremova, Zoya A., 2015, An annotated checklist of the Eulophidae (excl. Tetrastichinae) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Israel, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 3957 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/288546
Chiloscyllium plagiosum
Creators: name: White, William T.
name: Ko'Ou, Alfred
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Chondrichthyes
Orectolobiformes
Hemiscylliidae
Chiloscyllium
Chiloscyllium plagiosum

description: Chiloscyllium plagiosum (Anonymous [Bennett], 1830)
Whitespotted Bamboo Shark
Scyllium plagiosum Anonymous [Bennett], 1830: 694. Holotype probably lost. Neotype: CAS 36046; neotype designation by Dingerkus & DeFino (1983). Type locality: Java Sea, Indonesia.
Local synonymy: Chiloscyllium plaviosus — Filewood, 1973: 8 (north side of PNG). Chiloscyllium plagiosum — Kailola, 1987: 7 (eastern Papua and New Guinea coast); Fricke et al., 2014: 12 (Madang); White et al., 2018: 68, figs (PNG).
PNG voucher material: none.
Remarks: Recorded by Filewood (1973) as Chiloscyllium plaviosus from north side of PNG and subsequently as C. plagiosum by Kailola (1987). A number of destroyed specimens identified as C. plagiosum were deposited in the KFRS collection were taken from the northern coastline (Gogol River area, Tamara Island, Ramu River area, and Darapap area). No specimens currently exist for this species in PNG but a photograph of a specimen from Filewood’s collection confirms its presence in PNG.
Listed during recent fish surveys off Madang (Fricke et al., 2014) based on an underwater image but it only shows part of the tail of an individual and the spotting pattern matches H. strahani rather than C. plagiosum.
description: Published as part of White, William T. & Ko'Ou, Alfred, 2018, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of Papua New Guinea, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4411 (1) on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4411.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1221878
Corn Should Be a Food, Not a Fuel
Creators: name: Desai, Shraddha
name: Lampert, Evan
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Use natural gas as a transportation fuel
description: Consumption of corn by humans and animals is increasing day by day through the big variety of food products. We also use corn directly or indirectly in various other products. The gasoline we use to fill up car tanks has 10% ethanol in it and that ethanol is refined from the corn. Because corn is the only crop which is available easily with cheapest price, whereas other crops such as wheat, rice, soybeans are more expensive than corn and it will be also more expensive to refine to make ethanol. Switching to ethanol from MTBE (methyl tert butyl ether) occurred because MTBE is really carcinogenic and dangerous to human health. Ethanol was really found to be energy conserver. But the process of refining corn to make ethanol for gasoline itself takes more energy than the energy we are trying to conserve from the use of ethanol. However to produce more ethanol for gasoline, we need more corn, and to increase the production of corn crop government has started a subsidy program in which government pays farmers to grow more corn. The money government use to pay farmers as this subsidy programs that money government collected in tax. Indirectly subsidy program runs on tax payers’ money and that amount is in billions of dollars. For better environmental prospect we should change fueling system to natural gas from gasoline. This will also help our government to overcome from this critical financial situation by stop subsiding crops and mainly corn. Since government itself needs subsidy money than they pay it to the farmers for more production of corn to make more ethanol to more usage of gasoline.
Neochrysocharis cuprifrons Erdos
Creators: name: Yefremova, Zoya A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Neochrysocharis
Neochrysocharis cuprifrons

description: 103. Neochrysocharis cuprifrons Erdős
Material examined. 1 ♀, Israel, 'Enot Qane, sweeping, ix.1971 (D. Gerling); 1 ♀, Ma’agan Mikha’el, M.T., 29.ii.2009 (W. Kuslitzky); 1 ♀, Zihron Ya’aqov, sweeping, 27.iv.2011 (Z. Yefremova, V. Kravchenko). Hosts. Unknown.
Distribution. Israel *; Palearctic (Bouček & Askew 1968; Bouček 1977; Hansson 1990; Vidal 2001; Askew et al. 2001; Yefremova 2002).
description: Published as part of Yefremova, Zoya A., 2015, An annotated checklist of the Eulophidae (excl. Tetrastichinae) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Israel, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 3957 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/288546
Rutgers Student Activity Advisors
Creators: name: Tartacoff, Julian
name: Zwiebel, Madeline
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: A business plan for the solution to the problem of obesity due to sedentary lifestyle as well as an opportunity for student athletes to gain employment
description: NCAA student-athletes are often times faced with the challenge of not having any way to work a job and make money for themselves. The time required for a student-athlete to participate and excel in their sport along with maintaining a GPA to keep them eligible, leaves little time to get a job. In addition, sedentary lifestyles and obesity in the adult population are a societal problem.  To counter both these issues, we have created a program that allows student-athletes and other students to use the skills they learned in their sport and apply those skills to motivate and train faculty staff members that are looking to become more fit. For this to be put into effect it must comply with all NCAA rules and regulations. This program will be open to all students but faculty and staff members will be encouraged to pick student-athletes because of the experience student-athletes holds including leadership, motivation, and physical training techniques. This program will allow student-athletes to get more pocket money for themselves in a legal and compliant manner. It will allow student athletes to take skills they have acquired through playing their sport and apply them to faculty members who want to stay fit while supporting their universities student-athletes.
Efficient Reinforcement Learning via Decoupling Exploration and Utilization
Creators: name: Yang, Jingpu
name: Wang, Helin
name: Zhao, Qirui
name: Shi, Zhecheng
name: Song, Zirui
name: Fang, Miao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reinforcement Learning (RL), recognized as an efficient learning approach, has achieved remarkable success across multiple fields and applications, including gaming, robotics, and autonomous vehicles. Classical single-agent reinforcement learning grapples with the imbalance of exploration and exploitation as well as limited generalization abilities. This methodology frequently leads to algorithms settling for suboptimal solutions that are tailored only to specific datasets. In this work, our aim is to train agent with efficient learning by decoupling exploration and utilization, so that agent can escaping the conundrum of suboptimal Solutions. In reinforcement learning, the previously imposed pessimistic punitive measures have deprived the model of its exploratory potential, resulting in diminished exploration capabilities. To address this, we have introduced an additional optimistic Actor to enhance the model's exploration ability, while employing a more constrained pessimistic Actor for performance evaluation. The above idea is implemented in the proposed OPARL (Optimistic and Pessimistic Actor Reinforcement Learning) algorithm. This unique amalgamation within the reinforcement learning paradigm fosters a more balanced and efficient approach. It facilitates the optimization of policies that concentrate on high-reward actions via pessimistic exploitation strategies while concurrently ensuring extensive state coverage through optimistic exploration. Empirical and theoretical investigations demonstrate that OPARL enhances agent capabilities in both utilization and exploration. In the most tasks of DMControl benchmark and Mujoco environment, OPARL performed better than state-of-the-art methods. Our code has released on https://github.com/yydsok/OPARL
description: Accepted by ICIC 2024 (Oral)
Athlete Injury Denial: The Psychology of Sports Injuries
Creators: name: Haluska, Cory
name: Abreu, Manny
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Techniques for athletes and coaches to help deal with the mental aspect of an injury, concussion prevention, and proposed legislation to protect High School athletes with respect to head injuries.
description: A sports injury consists of both physical and psychological aspects.  Directly dealing with the psychological aspect could potentially shorten the amount of healing time required.  An injured athlete typically proceeds through a series of emotions on the way to mental recovery including denial, anger, bargaining, depression/guilt, and then finally acceptance.  The quicker an athlete progresses to acceptance than the quicker they can fully focus on the rehabilitation process.  It is up to the athletic trainers and coaches to help facilitate this process.  If all else fails it would be advisable to seek out the help of a professional to help mediate the process.  After returning to action some players are hesitant of reinjuring themselves.  If after some time this hesitance does not dissipate then the athlete might be suffering from Sports Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (Sports PTSD).  It is up to athletic trainers to properly communicate with their athletes about the situation of their injury and the rehabilitation process; this removes the fear of the unknown and allows for proper mental recovery.  Coaches should inform their athletes the dangers of head injuries and prepare drills that avoid head contact as much as possible.  Rules have already been put into place limiting the amount of contact practices allowed per week, drastically cutting down on the number of potential head impacts.
Eliminating endocrine-disrupting chemicals from our plastic drinking bottles
Creators: name: Tabone, Amanda
name: Holdorf, Nicholas
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: An effort to raise public awareness on the dangers of plastic drinking bottles and start a movement to replace all RU plastic drinking bottles to EA free bottles
description: Our plastic drinking bottles are saturated with endocrine-­‐disrupting chemicals that enter our body and mimic our own natural hormones causing a host of diseases. By spreading the word on the dangers being posed by these contaminated bottles we hope that a demand for action will take place. By creating a Facebook page we will promote public awareness, also, by organizing a petition which will be signed by Rutgers University students, we hope the University will replace the current bottles with EA free bottles. This will hopefully be a step in the right direction towards a brighter and healthier future.
Omphale isander Walker
Creators: name: Yefremova, Zoya A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Omphale
Omphale isander

description: 104. Omphale isander (Walker)
Material examined. 1 ♀, Israel, Qalya, ex. Halodiplosis sp. (Cecidomyiidae), from twig galls on Salsola tentranda, 21.xi.1995 (N. Dorchin); 1 ♀, Israel, Hammat Gader, ex. Cecidomyiidae, from twig galls on Salsola damascena, 8.v.1997 (N. Dorchin).
Hosts. Endoparasitoid of Mycodiplosis sp. (Diptera: Cecydomyiidae) (Schauff 1991); new host-record Halodiplosis sp. (Cecidomyiidae).
Distribution. Israel *; Palearctic (Bouček & Askew 1968; Koponena & Askew 2002; Hansson & Shevtsova 2012).
description: Published as part of Yefremova, Zoya A., 2015, An annotated checklist of the Eulophidae (excl. Tetrastichinae) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Israel, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 3957 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/288546
Hemiscyllium michaeli Allen & Dudgeon 2010
Creators: name: White, William T.
name: Ko'Ou, Alfred
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Chondrichthyes
Orectolobiformes
Hemiscylliidae
Hemiscyllium
Hemiscyllium michaeli

description: Hemiscyllium michaeli Allen & Dudgeon, 2010
Michael’s Epaluette Shark
Hemiscyllium michaeli— Allen & Dudgeon, 2010: 19, figs 2–4. Holotype: USNM 218602. Type locality: Harvey Bay, Milne Bay Province.
Local synonymy: Hemiscyllium freycineti— Whitley, 1940: 75 (Samarai Island); Dingerkus & DeFino, 1983 (in part): 38, fig. 25 (Harvey Bay, Trobriand Island, Samarai, Milne Bay); Compagno, 1984 (in part): 196 (PNG); Compagno, 2001 (in part): 179, fig. (PNG). Chiloscyllium freycineti —Munro, 1958: 111 (Collingwood Bay); Compagno, 1984: 197 (PNG). Hemiscyllium trispeculare — Allen et al., 2003: 112 (Milne Bay). Hemiscyllium species—Allen & Erdmann, 2008: 107 (Milne Bay Province); Allen et al., 2013: 134, fig. 8 (eastern Papua New Guinea). Hemiscyllium michaeli Allen & Dudgeon, 2010: 19, figs 2–4 (Milne Bay Province)— Ebert et al., 2013: 256, pl. 34, fig. (PNG); Allen et al., 2016: 81, figs (Milne Bay Province); White et al., 2018: 74, figs (PNG).
PNG voucher material: (8 spec.) AMS IA.5741 (paratype), 285 mm TL, AMS IA.5742 (paratype), 365 mm TL, vicinity of Samarai, 10°36.633’ S, 150°39.690’ E, Feb. 1933; AMS IB.5429, female 755 mm TL, Morobe, received 1962 from Taronga Park Zoo; CU 24992 (paratype), 695 mm TL, Milne Bay; QM I 12038, female 719 mm TL, Samarai Island, 10°37’ S, 150°40’ E, 22 Oct. 1953; USNM 218602 (holotype), female 610 mm TL, coral reef at Harvey Bay, Oro Province, 08°54.440’ S, 148°30.306’ E, less than 10 m depth, 6/ 7 Aug. 1975; USNM 221705 (paratype), 257 mm TL, Kuia Island, 08°35.350’S, 150°51.332’E, Trobriand Islands, 1 m depth, 11 Jun. 1970; WAM P. 32840-001 (paratype), female 544 mm TL, under wharf at Samarai Island, 10°36.633’ S, 150°39.690’ E, 6 m depth, 10 Apr. 2003.
Remarks: First recorded from PNG by Whitley (1940), based on specimens collected in 1933 from Samarai Island, as Hemiscyllium freycineti. Described as a distinct species in 2010, restricted to Milne Bay and Oro Provinces in southeastern PNG. Endemic to PNG. Two destroyed specimens from the KFRS collection (E.321, Tuma Island, Trobriands, 25 Jul. 1967, male 625 mm TL and female 664 mm TL) which were identified as Hemiscyllium sp. (freycineti) would most likely refer to this species.
description: Published as part of White, William T. & Ko'Ou, Alfred, 2018, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of Papua New Guinea, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4411 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4411.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1221878
Should You Spay or Neuter?
Creators: name: Jackson, Kristina
name: Liu, Olivia
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: The benefits and health risks of fixing your pet
description: One of the problems today within the topic of pet health is spay and neuter. More times than none pet owners are told spay and neuter your pet it’s the best option for them because of pet overpopulation, behavioral problems, and the opportunity for your pet to live a longer, healthier life. Yet if you dive a little deeper you will find that there are associated risks with subjecting your companion to such a procedure. Complications such as bone deformations, urinary incontinence, and even sickness like cancer. With the information often difficult to find we found that compiling the lesser known risks into a table which listed information such as breed, sex, age, and health, would aid pet owners in making a decision on whether to fix their pet. In addition to creating a table we put together an informative video which provides owners with facts and knowledge on the issues associated with a spay and neuter procedure.
The Unseen Dangers of Sports and Energy Drinks
Creators: name: Burgdorfer, Larissa
name: Ogwang, Stephen
name: Krajewski, Andrew
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: The dangers of sports drinks consumed by amateur athletes (Part I) and education for consumers on when and why to drink them (Part II)
description: This project is intended to raise awareness about the dangers of using sports drinks and sport supplements. Gatorade is a very popular brand of drinks and supplements associated with athletes, yet these products can be very dangerous if not used properly. Gatorade is a product of PepsiCo and while investigating the ingredients and affects of this sports drink it seems almost no better than a soda. This project will discuss the dangerous effects on the body that can occur from consuming a lot of Gatorade, the marketing of the brand, the ethics of how it is sold and some healthier alternatives.
Touch Exhibits for Aquatic Animals
Creators: name: Dogu, Huseyin
name: Wehman, Samm
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Best management practices for touch exhibits of AZA accredited aquariums
description: Our project addressed the issue about the safety of aquatic animals and guests themselves at touching exhibits in aquariums accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). In a letter to AZA, we suggested that they adopt a universal "best management practices" for aquatic animals at touch exhibits which include the "the 2-finger touch rule" and using small groups that can be adequately supervised. We did a survey of 36 aquariums and found that all use different methods to ensure the health and safety of the animals. A link to our informative video is below.
Omphale
Creators: name: Yefremova, Zoya A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Omphale

description: 105. Omphale sp. near ochra Hansson & Shevtsova
Material examined. 3 ♀, 3 ♂, Israel, Hazeva, ex Stefaniola sp. (Cecidomyiidae), reared from Rosette galls on Salsola gaetula, 21.xii.1995 (N. Dorchin).
Hosts. Endoparasitoid of Stefaniola sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Distribution. Israel.
description: Published as part of Yefremova, Zoya A., 2015, An annotated checklist of the Eulophidae (excl. Tetrastichinae) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Israel, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 3957 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/288546
Meditation : A State of Enhanced Conductivity
Creators: name: Garg, Rishabh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 320999
subject: Neurosciences not elsewhere classified

description: During meditation, the communication between left and right hemispheres of brain is found to be enhanced - a state in which you actually revolutionize the way you view the world........ Read more ...
Overfishing and Its Impact on Our Oceans
Creators: name: Riehl, Chris
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: The overwhelming effects of dwindling fish biomass on the world as a whole and what can be done.
description: The effects of commercial fishing on the world's fish populations have been largely ignored as an issue up to now.  It not only impacts the biomass of the caught fish, but indirectly effects nearly every aspect of the saltwater ecosystem.  Much of the problem lies in the difficult nature of policing the fishermen in international waters, but demand for the most effected fish is the obvious driving force of their actions.  Countries like Japan, Portugal, and other historically seabound nations are huge fish consumers, and many nations, like Greenland and Iceland, are dependent on their seafood exports to sustain their economies.  Fish is also an important part of the diet of those in developing nations.  Reasons like these make it difficult to address the issue, yet also extremely important that we do so.  To help raise awareness of the issue and to initiate action, I will be sending a letter to the Union of Concerned Scientists as my service project.
Pediobius bruchicida Rondani
Creators: name: Yefremova, Zoya A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Pediobius
Pediobius bruchicida

description: 106. Pediobius bruchicida (Rondani)
Material examined. 1 ♀, Israel, Nahal Zohal Spill, 35 km S Ein Gedi, sweeping, 25.ii.1971 (S. Bet-Aharoni) (det. Bouček, 1974).
Hosts. Endoparasitoid of Arctiidae and Lymantriidae (Lepidoptera) (Bouček & Askew 1968). Distribution. Israel (Gumovsky 2003); Afrotropical, Australia, Indo-Malayan and Palearctic (Bouček & Askew 1968; Bouček 1988) ecorealms.
description: Published as part of Yefremova, Zoya A., 2015, An annotated checklist of the Eulophidae (excl. Tetrastichinae) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Israel, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 3957 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/288546
Theoretical Implications of OCP Effects on Features in Optimality Theory
Creators: name: Fukazawa, Haruka
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1999

description: This dissertation applies Optimality Theory (OT: Prince and Smolensky 1993) to furnish a typological study of the effects of the Obligatory Contour Principle (OCP) on features. In OT, language-particular differences are described by different rankings of the universal set of constraints. Thus, the differences in the OCP effects on features are totally derived from the distinct ranking in each language. The first goal is to propose that languages are classified into four types based on the OCP effects on features and the repair strategies, i.e., the OCP can be violated (Type 1); featural fusion is observed (Type 2); featural deletion and insertion take place (Type 3); and both featural and segmental deletions are observed (Type 4). To confirm the proposed constraint rankings for each type, the data from actual languages are analyzed. Featural fusion in Ponapean, coronal dissimilation in Dakota, and featural and segmental deletions in Basque are analyzed as a Type 2, a Type 3, and a Type 4 languages, respectively. The second goal is to ascertain the status of features as independent elements of segments on the basis of the typological study. The second goal leads to the third goal which is to show the necessity to introduce the independent set of faithfulness constraints specifically for features. Throughout this dissertation, faithfulness constraints and faithfulness in grammar are the general themes. This dissertation also provides support for and extends three new theoretical aspects in OT: (i) motivation for Local Conjunction and restrictions on the conjoinability of constraints; (ii) extension of Sympathy Theory to general opacity; and (iii) multiple input-output faithfulness relations within a language. The discussion in the analysis of stop alternation in Yucatec Maya makes it clear that the notions of Local Conjunction and Sympathy Theory need to be introduced to analyze the OCP effect on features in this language. The claim of multiple faithfulness relations accounts for Japanese OCP effects on features, namely, Rendaku and Lyman's Law which are observed only in a native vocabulary.