cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: 40 years since reversion
title: Negotiating the Okinawan difference in Japan today
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Hein, Ina
name: Prochaska-Meyer, Isabelle
Publisher: name: University of Vienna. Department of East Asian Studies
Year: 2023
Subjects: Japanologie
Japanese studies
ÖFOS 2012 -- GEISTESWISSENSCHAFTEN (6) -- Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaften (602) -- Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaften (6020) -- Japanologie (602020)
ÖFOS 2012 -- HUMANITIES (6) -- Linguistics and Literature (602) -- Linguistics and Literature (6020) -- Japanese studies (602020)
Japan
Okinawa
Ryukyu

description: 40 YEARS SINCE REVERSION NEGOTIATING THE OKINAWAN: DIFFERENCE IN JAPAN TODAY
Edited by Ina Hein and Isabelle Prochaska-Meyer = BEITRÄGE ZUR JAPANOLOGIE Band 44 (BzJ 44)

# CONTENTS #
Ina HEIN and Isabelle PROCHASKA-MEYER: Introduction: Negotiating the Okinawan Difference in Japan Today

# History and Politics #
Stanisław MEYER: “Ryūkyū shobun”: A Difficult Chapter in Okinawan History
Gabriele VOGT: Setting Out to Imagine a New Community: Okinawa’s Reversion to Japan
Beata BOCHORODYZ: Social Movements in Okinawa since 1945: Was the Reversion a Threshold in the Development of Civil Society?
Message from Okinawa I: ASATO Eiko

# Language #
Patrick HEINRICH: Language or Dialect? The Place of the Ryukyuan Varieties in the Japonic Language Family
KAWASAKI Sayaka: Japanese As a Foreign Language? The Introduction of the Japanese Language in Okinawan Primary Schools
Aleksandra JAROSZ and Alfred F. MAJEWICZ: Retrieving a Moribund Language: Nikolay A. Nevskiy and His Miyakoan Dictionary in Ryukyuan Lexicology and in Scholarship

# Representations and Images #
Sepp LINHART: Deigo and Shureimon: The Visual Representation of Ryukyu on Ryukyuan Stamps (1948-1972) Compared to That of Okinawa on Japanese Stamps (1972-2012) and Japanese Regional Stamps (1989-2012)
Ina HEIN: Writing Back: Literature from Okinawa – a Postcolonial Perspective
SHIOTSUKI Ryoko: Shamanism As a Symbol for Okinawan-ness: Identity Politics in Japanese Films and Literature Depicting Okinawa
Message from Okinawa II: ISHIKAWA Mao

# Changes and Transformations #
AKAMINE Masanobu: Development and Evolution of Ancestor Worship in Okinawa: Taking Account of the State System in Folk Culture Studies
TADA Osamu: From Hawaii to Okinawa: The Expansion of the Paradise Image and Tourism beyond Time and Place

Contributors
Entanglement as a quantum order parameter
Creators: name: Brandao, Fernando Guadalupe Santos Lins
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the quantum order parameters (QOP) associated with the transitions between a normal conductor and a superconductor in the BCS and eta-pairing models and between a Mott-insulator and a superfluid in the Bose-Hubbard model are directly related to the amount of entanglement existent in the ground state of each system. This gives a physical meaningful interpretation to these QOP, which shows the intrinsically quantum nature of the phase transitions considered.
description: 5 pages. No figures. Revised version. References added
BCS-BEC crossover of collective excitations in two-band superfluids
Creators: name: Iskin, M.
name: de Melo, C. A. R. Sa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the functional integral approach to study low energy collective excitations in a continuum model of neutral two-band superfluids at T=0 for all couplings with a separable pairing interaction. In the long wavelength and low frequency limit, we recover Leggett's analytical results in weak coupling (BCS) for s-wave pairing, and further obtain analytical results in strong coupling (BEC) for both two and three dimensional systems. We also analyse numerically the behavior of the out-of-phase {\it exciton} (finite frequency) mode and the in-phase {\it phonon} (Goldstone) mode from weak to strong coupling limits, including the crossover region. In principle, the evolution of Goldstone and finite frequency modes from weak to strong coupling may be accessible experimentally in the superfluid phase of neutral Fermi atomic gases, and could serve as a test of the validity of the theoretical analysis and approximations proposed here.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures. Submitted to PRB
Aso: Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft eines Wiener Forschungsprojekts zum
Creators: name: Lützeler, Ralph
name: Manzenreiter, Wolfram
Publisher: name: University of Vienna. Department of East Asian Studies
Year: 2023
Subjects: Japanologie
Japanese studies
ÖFOS 2012 -- GEISTESWISSENSCHAFTEN (6) -- Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaften (602) -- Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaften (6020) -- Japanologie (602020)
ÖFOS 2012 -- HUMANITIES (6) -- Linguistics and Literature (602) -- Linguistics and Literature (6020) -- Japanese studies (602020)
Japan
Aso
Kumamoto
ländlicher Raum
Regionalforschung

description: Aso: Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft eines Wiener Forschungsprojekts zum ländlichen Japan
herausgegeben von Wolfram MANZENREITER und Ralph LÜTZELER
= BEITRÄGE ZUR JAPANOLOGIE Band 45 (BzJ 45)

# INHALTSVERZEICHNIS #
Wolfram MANZENREITER und Ralph LÜTZELER: Einleitung: Was wir immer schon über Aso wissen wollten – und uns endlich zu fragen getraut haben

# Die Erinnerungen #
Erich PAUER: Erinnerungen an das Aso-Projekt 1968/69
Sepp LINHART: Aso, Februar 1969
Josef KREINER: Erinnerungen an das Aso-Projekt

# Das erste Aso-Projekt im Forschungskontext #
Bernhard SCHEID: Oka Masao und das schwierige Erbe der Wiener Kulturkreislehre
Hans Dieter ÖLSCHLEGER: Das Aso-Projekt aus Sicht von ethnologischen Ansätzen in der Japanforschung
Wolfram MANZENREITER: Das Aso-Projekt der Wiener Japanologie im Kontext ethnologischer Community Studies
Johannes WILHELM: Wissenschaftstransfer Österreich-Japan-Österreich: Die „Untersuchung von Agrardörfern im Südosten Europas“ von 1970

# Aso heute: Neue Forschungsperspektiven #
Ralph LÜTZELER: Aso: ein ländlicher Raum in der Abwärtsspirale? Bemerkungen zur Messbarkeit der Qualität regionaler Lebensbedingungen
Andreas EDER, Antonia MISERKA, Brigitte PICKL-KOLACZIA und Hannah RAAB: Institutsprojekt Aso 2.0: Studentische Projektarbeiten

Anhang: Farbaufnahmen vom Feldaufenthalt in der Aso-Region, Dezember 1968–April 1969
Improved Technology and Land Productivity among Smallholder Cocoa Farmers in Ashanti Region, Ghana
Creators: name: Wiredu, A.N.
name: Mensah-Bonsu, Akwasi
name: Andah, E.K.
name: Fosu, K.Y.
name: Wiredu, A.N.
name: Mensah-Bonsu, Akwasi
name: Andah, E.K.
name: Fosu, K.Y.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: The study assessed the effect of improved technology on land productivity of smallholder cocoa farmers in Ashanti Region, Ghana. With data from 366 smallholders cocoa farmers productivity was shown to be linearly related to and the use of improved cocoa technology in the study area. Both the decision to use improved technologies and the proportion of cocoa land allocated to cocoa production are all significant determinants of increased productivity. In addition, farm level factors characteristics as well as idiosyncrasies are shown to affect productivity. These including age, household size, participation in programs related to cocoa production, access to virgin lands, size of cocoa farm, labour resource use and nativity affect productivity at various levels of significance. Strategies to improve the productivity of the smallholder cocoa farmers must include the promotion of improved cocoa technologies as it evidently enhances productivity of the smallholders. These must not come alone but with appropriate training on their use.
All two-party facet Bell inequalities are violated by Almost Quantum correlations
Creators: name: Ramanathan, Ravishankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The characterization of the set of quantum correlations is a problem of fundamental importance in quantum information. The question whether every proper (tight) Bell inequality is violated in Quantum theory is an intriguing one in this regard. Here, we make significant progress in answering this question, by showing that every tight Bell inequality is violated by 'Almost Quantum' correlations, a semi-definite programming relaxation of the set of quantum correlations. As a consequence, we show that many (classes of) Bell inequalities including two-party correlation Bell inequalities and multi-outcome non-local computation games, that do not admit quantum violations, are not facets of the classical Bell polytope. To do this, we make use of the intriguing connections between Bell correlations and the graph-theoretic Lovász-theta set, discovered by Cabello-Severini-Winter (CSW). We also exploit connections between the cut polytope of graph theory and the classical correlation Bell polytope, to show that correlation Bell inequalities that define facets of the lower dimensional correlation polytope are violated in quantum theory. The methods also enable us to derive novel (almost) quantum Bell inequalities, which may be of independent interest for self-testing applications.
description: 12 pages
Broadband microwave spectroscopy of YBa[sub 2]Cu[sub 3]O[sub 6+y]
Creators: name: Turner, Patrick James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A novel low temperature bolometric method has been devised and implemented for high-precision measurements of the microwave surface resistance of small singlecrystal platelet samples having very low absorption, as a continuous function of frequency from 0.5 GHz to 21 GHz. The key to the success of this non-resonant method is the in-situ use of a normal metal reference sample that calibrates the absolute rf field strength. The sample temperature can be controlled independently of the 1.2 K liquid helium bath, allowing for measurements of the temperature evolution of the absorption. Using this method, the minimum detectable power at 1.3 K is 1.5 pW, corresponding to a surface resistance sensitivity of approximately 1 μΩ for a typical 1 mm x 1 mm platelet sample. Using this apparatus, the zero-field electron spin resonance absorption spectrum of a dilute array of Gd ions substituted for Y in YBa₂Cu₃O[sub 6+y] was used as a unique means of accessing the absolute value of the low temperature magnetic penetration depth λ(T → 0) in the Meissner state. The result is a new set of precise values of λ for screening currents along the three principal crystallographic orientations in samples of Gd[sub x]Y[sub 1-x]Ba₂Cu₃O[sub 6+y] for three different oxygen-ordered phases having T[sub c] values of 89 K, 75 K and 56 K. The in-plane values are found to depart substantially from the widely-reported relation T[sub c] ∝ 1/ λ² inferred mainly from muon spin relaxation measurements on polycrystalline materials. The broadband microwave spectrometer has allowed measurements in unprecedented detail of the in-plane microwave absorption in high-purity YBa₂Cu₃O[sub 6+y] single crystals. This has permitted, for the first time, the observation of the cuspshaped conductivity spectra characteristic of weak-limit scattering from impurities in a d-wave superconductor. A comparison of the detailed measurements for samples of ortho-II ordered YBa₂Cu₃O₆.₅₂ (T[sub c] =56 K) and fully-doped YBa₂Cu₃O₆.₉₉₃ (T[sub c] =89 K) with theoretical calculations indicate that intermediate scattering strengths may best describe the behaviour. However, the data reveal a residual quasiparticle spectral weight that is not accounted for within the standard theoretical framework for nodal quasiparticles.
South Africa and Chile: Agricultural Trade Relationships
Creators: name: Nyhodo, Bonani
name: Nakana, Elvis
name: Phahlane, Heidi
name: Kotze, Louise
name: Nyhodo, Bonani
name: Nakana, Elvis
name: Phahlane, Heidi
name: Kotze, Louise
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This article considers Chile and South Africa’s agricultural policy evolutions in terms of trade. It also looks at Chile and South Africa’s trade with the rest of the world, particularly with regards to agricultural trade. From an agricultural trade perspective, Chile’s position as a direct competitor of South Africa for the EU and USA markets is clearly apparent, primarily due to their joint location in the southern hemisphere. Furthermore, the movement of agricultural products between these nations from a South African export perspective is discussed. This article explores the potential for South Africa to increase its exports to Chile by deepening existing trading and investigating the expansion of trade lines. Two policy observations can be identified from this study with a view to improving South Africa’s current agricultural sector and increasing its exports trade to Chile. The first observation is the manner in which the agricultural budget is allocated (following Chile’s successful budget allocation as a guide). The second observation is, should South Africa negotiate a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with Chile, the opportunities for agricultural export expansion from the products listed in the annexe shown on the final page.
MILK QUALITY CONTROL AND REGULATION IN DAIRY PRODUCTION: A CASE OF DAIRY PRODUCERS IN KIKUYU DIVISION, KABETE DISTRICT, CENTRAL PROVINCE - KENYA
Creators: name: Tuei, B. Chepkoech
name: Tuei, B. Chepkoech
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: milk quality control
subject: regulation

description: Regulation in the dairy industry targets the small scale producers and milk traders with the aim of ensuring that they meet requirements for milk quality control. The paper presents results from a study carried out in Kikuyu division, Central province of Kenya that assessed the challenges and the benefits accrued to on farm clean milk production and the level to which farmers were aware of regulations governing the dairy sector. The farmers were producers of milk only and possessed no milk bar licenses, public health licenses, business producer licenses nor single business licenses. They had little knowledge of laws regulating dairying with 40% identifying Kenya Dairy Board (KDB)as law enforces, 20% as law enforcers and educators while 40% had no knowledge of their mandate. Farmers adopt hygienic milk production and handling if the practices are cost effective and simple to understand. Those who carried out milk production, disease control and facility hygiene were 55% while 21.1% tested for mastitis and another 22.9% able to keep the zero grazing units clean. Information on milk quality control was acquired from extension workers from the Ministry of Livestock development by 52% of the producers, 36% from the veterinary department of the same ministry and 12% through seminars. There is need to develop pro-poor interventions, strengthen infrastructure, farmer groups and security so as to maximize the production of quality and quantity of milk.
title: Rural areas between decline and resurgence
title: Lessons from Japan and Austria
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Lützeler, Ralph
Publisher: name: University of Vienna. Department of East Asian Studies
Year: 2023
Subjects: Japanologie
Japanese studies
ÖFOS 2012 -- GEISTESWISSENSCHAFTEN (6) -- Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaften (602) -- Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaften (6020) -- Japanologie (602020)
ÖFOS 2012 -- HUMANITIES (6) -- Linguistics and Literature (602) -- Linguistics and Literature (6020) -- Japanese studies (602020)
Japan
Aso
Kumamoto
rural
decline

description: Rural areas between decline and resurgence : lessons from Japan and Austria
edited by Ralph Lützeler = BEITRÄGE ZUR JAPANOLOGIE Band 46 (BzJ 46)

# CONTENTS #
Ralph LÜTZELER: Introduction: Rural Areas – Dying or Just Smelling Funny?

# (Re-)Assessing Rural Living Conditions #
Ralph LÜTZELER: Living Conditions in Japanese Rural Areas: Stuck in a Downward Spiral?
Gerhard HOVORKA: Structural Changes in Austrian Agriculture in Mountainous Areas
Wolfram MANZENREITER: Rural Happiness in Japan: Contrasting Urban and Rural Well-Being in Kumamoto
Shinya UENO: Impact of Structural Change in Rural Areas and Public Policies
Georg WIESINGER: The Importance of Social Capital in Rural Development, Networking and Decision-Making in Rural Areas
Barbara HOLTHUS and Ralph LÜTZELER: Project Report A: Regional Differences of Parental Well-Being in Japan

# Examples of Rural Community Revitalization #
Naoto TANAKA: Participatory Community Development Based on Local Identity in Yamato Town, Kumamoto Prefecture
Yoko KAWAMURA: Health for Sustainable Community Development
Johannes WILHELM: Disaster Resilience in Coastal Pacific Tōhoku: Restoring Livelihood after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
Theresia OEDL-WIESER and Thomas DAX: The Impact of LEADER Initiatives to Rural Revitalization in Austria
Signy SPLETZER: Project Report B: Here to Stay – The Revitalization Initiative Zen of the Aso: Region and its Impact on the Local Community
Cosmological dynamics in tomographic probability representation
Creators: name: Man'ko, V. I.
name: Marmo, G.
name: Stornaiolo, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The probability representation for quantum states of the universe in which the states are described by a fair probability distribution instead of wave function (or density matrix) is developed to consider cosmological dynamics. The evolution of the universe state is described by standard positive transition probability (tomographic transition probability) instead of the complex transition probability amplitude (Feynman path integral) of the standard approach. The latter one is expressed in terms of the tomographic transition probability. Examples of minisuperspaces in the framework of the suggested approach are presented. Possibility of observational applications of the universe tomographs are discussed.
description: 16 pages
Stochastic epidemics in a heterogeneous community (Part III of the book Stochastic Epidemic Models and Inference)
Creators: name: Tran, Viet Chi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 05C80, 92D30, 60F17

description: This document is the Part III of the book 'Stochastic Epidemic Models with Inference' edited by Tom Britton and Etienne Pardoux. Plan of the chapter: 1) Random Graphs, 2) The Reproduction Number R0, 3) SIR Epidemics on Configuration Model Graphs, 4) Statistical Description of Epidemics Spreading on Networks: The Case of Cuban HIV.
description: Lecture notes of a course given in a CIMPA school in Ziguinchor (Dec. 2015)
Additional file 1 of Developing strategies to improve fidelity of delivery of, and engagement with, a complex intervention to improve independence in dementia: a mixed methods study
Creators: name: Walton, Holly
name: Spector, Aimee
name: Roberts, Anna
name: Williamson, Morgan
name: Jem Bhatt
name: Tombor, Ildiko
name: Michie, Susan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1:
A Graph-Theoretic Approach for Spatial Filtering and Its Impact on Mixed-type Spatial Pattern Recognition in Wafer Bin Maps
Creators: name: Ezzat, Ahmed Aziz
name: Liu, Sheng
name: Hochbaum, Dorit S.
name: Ding, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Statistical quality control in semiconductor manufacturing hinges on effective diagnostics of wafer bin maps, wherein a key challenge is to detect how defective chips tend to spatially cluster on a wafer--a problem known as spatial pattern recognition. Recently, there has been a growing interest in mixed-type spatial pattern recognition--when multiple defect patterns, of different shapes, co-exist on the same wafer. Mixed-type spatial pattern recognition entails two central tasks: (1) spatial filtering, to distinguish systematic patterns from random noises; and (2) spatial clustering, to group filtered patterns into distinct defect types. Observing that spatial filtering is instrumental to high-quality mixed-type pattern recognition, we propose to use a graph-theoretic method, called adjacency-clustering, which leverages spatial dependence among adjacent defective chips to effectively filter the raw wafer maps. Tested on real-world data and compared against a state-of the-art approach, our proposed method achieves at least 46% gain in terms of internal cluster validation quality (i.e., validation without external class labels), and about ~5% gain in terms of Normalized Mutual Information--an external cluster validation metric based on external class labels. Interestingly, the margin of improvement appears to be a function of the pattern complexity, with larger gains achieved for more complex-shaped patterns.
Additional file 2 of Developing strategies to improve fidelity of delivery of, and engagement with, a complex intervention to improve independence in dementia: a mixed methods study
Creators: name: Walton, Holly
name: Spector, Aimee
name: Roberts, Anna
name: Williamson, Morgan
name: Jem Bhatt
name: Tombor, Ildiko
name: Michie, Susan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2:
Determinants of Household Poverty Dynamics in Rural Regions of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Creators: name: Baiyegunhi, L.J.S.
name: Fraser, Gavin C.G.
name: Baiyegunhi, L.J.S.
name: Fraser, Gavin C.G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Poverty
subject: vulnerability
subject: poverty dynamics
subject: risks
subject: rural households

description: Poverty has always been studied in a world of certainty. However, if the aim of studying poverty is not only improving the well-being of households who are currently poor, but also preventing people from becoming poor in the future, a new forward looking perspective must be adopted. For thinking about appropriate forward-looking anti-poverty interventions (i.e. interventions that aim to prevent or reduce future poverty rather than alleviate current poverty), the critical need then is to go beyond a cataloging of who is currently poor and who is not, to an assessment of households’ vulnerability to poverty. This study analyses a panel dataset on a representative sample of 150 rural households interviewed in 2007 and 2008 in the Amathole District Municipality of the Eastern Cape Province to empirical assess the dynamics of poverty and estimate the determinants of households’ vulnerability to poverty. The result of the study indicates that the number of vulnerable households is significantly larger than for the currently poor households; the vulnerability index was found to be 0,62 compared to 0,56 headcount index in 2008. This implies that while 56 percent of the sampled households are poor (ex post) in 2008, 62 percent are vulnerable to becoming poor (ex ante) in future. The result of the Probit model shows that the age, level of education and occupation of the household head, dependency ratio, exposure to idiosyncratic risks and access to credit are statistically significant in explaining a households’ vulnerability to poverty.
FORECASTING YIELD AND PROFITABILITY OF MAIZE CROPPING SYSTEM USING SIMULATION MODELS IN UASIN GISHU, KENYA
Creators: name: Odwori, P.O.
name: Mapelu, M.Z.
name: Odhiambo, Mark O.
name: Nyangweso, P.M.
name: Odwori, P.O.
name: Mapelu, M.Z.
name: Odhiambo, Mark O.
name: Nyangweso, P.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Forecasting
subject: Yields
subject: Profits
subject: Maize cropping system
subject: Simulation models

description: Simulation models have been used successfully to forecast productivity of cropping systems under various weather, management and policy scenarios. These models have helped farmers make efficient resource allocation decisions. However, in Kenya simulation models have not been used extensively and more specifically in modeling maize cropping system. The study aimed at forecasting productivity and profitability of maize cropping system in Uasin Gishu district, Kenya. Both primary and secondary data were used. Both time series and cross-sectional data for variables of interest were collected and complemented by a survey of 20 maize farmers who were systematically selected to verify information obtained from secondary sources. Cropping Systems simulation model and Monte Carlo simulation were used to determine maize output and profits under alternative price scenarios. Even though, simulated yields underestimated actual maize yield both at the district and across the four agro-ecological zones, the deviation from the actual yield was marginal. It is recommended that Cropsyst and Monte Carlo models be included among a bundle of tools for decision making. Further research is also required to test the two models under different locations, soil types, management styles and scales of production.
Investigating the Role of Poultry in Livelihoods and the Impact of HPAI on Livelihoods Outcomes in Africa: Evidence from Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya and Nigeria
Creators: name: Birol, Ekin
name: Asare-Marfo, Dorene
name: Ayele, Gezahegn
name: Mensah-Bonsu, Akwasi
name: Ndirangu, Lydia K.
name: Okpukpara, Benjamin
name: Roy, Devesh
name: Yakhshilikov, Yorbol
name: Birol, Ekin
name: Asare-Marfo, Dorene
name: Ayele, Gezahegn
name: Mensah-Bonsu, Akwasi
name: Ndirangu, Lydia K.
name: Okpukpara, Benjamin
name: Roy, Devesh
name: Yakhshilikov, Yorbol
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI)
subject: demand shock
subject: supply shock
subject: livelihoods
subject: probit model
subject: zero inflated negative binomial model
subject: propensity score matching

description: In this paper we investigate the role of poultry in the livelihoods portfolios of households and the impact of supply and demand shocks that may be caused by Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) on various livelihoods outcomes of households in four Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. The study countries include Ethiopia and Kenya in East Africa and Ghana and Nigeria in West Africa. These countries represent a spectrum of SSA countries in terms of disease status, role of poultry sector and means of disease spread. By using nationally representative household level secondary data and discrete choice methods (probit model and zero inflated negative binomial model) we profile the household, farm and regional characteristics of those households who are most likely to keep poultry, and those who are most likely to be engaged in intensive poultry production, i.e., keep larger household flocks. We estimate the impact of the disease outbreaks and scares/threats on livelihood outcomes by using matching methods (i.e., propensity score matching). The results of this study generate valuable information regarding the role of poultry in the livelihoods of small-scale poultry producing households and the livelihood impacts of HPAI induced demand and supply shocks. Such information is critical for the design of targeted and hence efficient and effective HPAI control and mitigation policies.
Infinite spin particles
Creators: name: Edgren, Ludde
name: Marnelius, Robert
name: Salomonson, Per
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that Wigner's infinite spin particle classically is described by a reparametrization invariant higher order geometrical Lagrangian. The model exhibit unconventional features like tachyonic behaviour and momenta proportional to light-like accelerations. A simple higher order superversion for half-odd integer particles is also derived. Interaction with external vector fields and curved spacetimes are analyzed with negative results except for (anti)de Sitter spacetimes. We quantize the free theories covariantly and show that the resulting wave functions are fields containing arbitrary large spins. Closely related infinite spin particle models are also analyzed.
description: 43 pages, Latex
ECONOMIC COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF CERTIFIED SUSTAINABLE COCOA PRODUCTION IN GHANA
Creators: name: Victor, Afari-Sefa
name: Gockowski, James
name: Agyeman, Nana Fredua
name: Dziwornu, Ambrose K.
name: Victor, Afari-Sefa
name: Gockowski, James
name: Agyeman, Nana Fredua
name: Dziwornu, Ambrose K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Cocoa biodiversity
subject: Ex-ante Cost-Benefit Analysis
subject: Rainforest Alliance Certification
subject: Differentiated cocoa production

description: Ghana is well endowed with premium bulk cocoa and is strategically positioned to capture significant market shares for the growing demand in specialty cocoa products on the world market. Consumers’ taste and preference for differentiated or ‘specialty’ cocoa based on environmental- and ethically certified cocoa products have been rising over the years. This study uses an ex-ante analytical approach to explore the potential for smallholder cocoa farmers in Ghana to develop niche markets for an environmentally and sustainably produced cocoa, namely; Rainforest Alliance Certified cocoa as an alternative to Ghanaian bulk cocoa. Using NPV, BCR and IRR economic decision criteria, the profitability or otherwise of introducing this rainforest alliance certified cocoa in Ghana is assessed. Rainforest Alliance certification requires farmers to shift from low or no shade Amazon production systems (i.e., <20 trees per ha) to medium shade Amazon production systems (70 shade trees distributed over a minimum of 12 species per ha) as well as other standards. In the base case scenario, results of the hypothetical high certified production system are compared with the current low input landrace cocoa and high input no shade cocoa systems. Under these conditions the certified production system and the low input landrace cocoa are essentially breakeven propositions while the high technology full sun system was moderately profitable. Sensitivity analysis of changes in FOB shares revealed that increasing the percentage of producer price from 70 to 85 percent of FOB dramatically increases the profitability of Rainforest Alliance certified cocoa at all varying FOB price levels when fertilizer price is subsidized. Profitability did however not change from the base model when fertilizer subsidies are removed by the government and the producer price increases to 85 percent of FOB.
Cryptography In Communication System Via Gupta Integral Transform
Creators: name: Gupta, Rohit
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Cryptography
Gupta integral transform
Communication system

description: Cryptography is a critical approach to secure data transmission and protection for authentication and privacy. It is a discipline related with communication system confidentiality. Recently, integral transform approach has been employed by many researchers to increase the power of encryption and decryption processes in cryptography. A group of practices known as information security are meant to stop unwanted access or changes to data. Cryptography is the sole thing preventing the hacker from reading protected data if they are able to bypass the security firewall, passwords, and other precautions put in place to keep them out. Thus, cryptography aids in data protection for both individuals and organizations. In order to prevent the ciphertext from being utilized for plaintext replication without the corresponding key, cryptography aims to transform plaintext into ciphertext that may be communicated across insecure communication channels. The number of multiples of mod n serves as the key in the newly designed cryptographic technique in the proposed work, which makes use of the Gupta transform. As a result, any kind of attack by an eyedropper finding the key would be exceedingly tough. The integral Gupta transform uses the symmetric cryptosystem where the key must stay secret and shared between the involved parties only to encrypt the transmitted plaintext. The Inverse integral Gupta transform is used to decrypt the received ciphertext back into its original context. The ability of integral Gupta transform is exhibited for the encryption and decryption processes in cryptography and in general, in the area of data security with the help of a practical application.
MR. Estimator, a toolbox to determine intrinsic timescales from subsampled spiking activity
Creators: name: Spitzner, F. P.
name: Dehning, J.
name: Wilting, J.
name: Hagemann, A.
name: Neto, J. P.
name: Zierenberg, J.
name: Priesemann, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we present our Python toolbox "MR. Estimator" to reliably estimate the intrinsic timescale from electrophysiologal recordings of heavily subsampled systems. Originally intended for the analysis of time series from neuronal spiking activity, our toolbox is applicable to a wide range of systems where subsampling -- the difficulty to observe the whole system in full detail -- limits our capability to record. Applications range from epidemic spreading to any system that can be represented by an autoregressive process. In the context of neuroscience, the intrinsic timescale can be thought of as the duration over which any perturbation reverberates within the network; it has been used as a key observable to investigate a functional hierarchy across the primate cortex and serves as a measure of working memory. It is also a proxy for the distance to criticality and quantifies a system's dynamic working point.
High-pressure phase relations of Bi$_{2}$Sr$_{2}$CaCu$_{2}$O$_{8+δ}$ single crystals
Creators: name: Chen, Xiao-Jia
name: Struzhkin, Viktor V.
name: Hemley, Russell J.
name: Mao, Ho-kwang
name: Kendziora, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the pressure dependence of the superconducting transition temperature $T_{c}$ up to 18 GPa of Bi$_{2}$Sr$_{2}$CaCu$_{2}$O$_{8+δ}$ single crystals ranging from the highly underdoped through the nearly optimally doped to the highly overdoped level. For all three samples studied, $T_{c}$ is found to increase initially and then saturate at a critical pressure $P_{c}$ but decrease modestly with further compression. Oxygen doping tends to reduce the increase in $T_{c}$ and $P_{c}$. A new high-pressure phase diagram between the saturated $T_{c}$ and $P_{c}$ is then obtained. Theoretical interpretation is given by using the competition between the hole carrier density and pairing interaction strength based on the high-pressure transport data of the resistivity and Hall coefficient in this system.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Physical Review B
Household Food Security in Commercialized Subsistence Economies: Factors Influencing Dietary Diversity of Smallholder Tea Farmers in Nandi South, Kenya
Creators: name: Langat, B.K.
name: Sulo, T.K.
name: Nyangweso, P.M.
name: Ngeno, V.K.
name: Korir, M.K.
name: Kipsat, Mary J.
name: Langat, B.K.
name: Sulo, T.K.
name: Nyangweso, P.M.
name: Ngeno, V.K.
name: Korir, M.K.
name: Kipsat, Mary J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Policies fronting commercialization of agriculture in Kenya assumed that realization of increased household incomes, through cultivation of cash crops, would guarantee improved food security and subsequent reduction of poverty. However, most communities in Kenya growing cash crops are currently struggling to put food on the table. Nandi South is a maize deficit zone despite being 68% arable and having good climate (GoK, 2005). Population pressure has led to competition for limited land resource, coupled with unfavourable poverty indicators; they have impacted negatively on food access in the district. Specifically significant is smallholder tea population in Nandi Hills division. The study focused the population of smallholder tea farmers in Nandi South who supply their tea leaves to the Multinational tea estates. The main objective was to investigate the factors influencing households’ food security among smallholder tea farmers in Nandi South. A modified Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) was used to model food demand of the smallholder households. Multi-stage proportional-to-size cluster sampling was used to sample 180 households. Data was collected using both questionnaires and interviews. Results point out that income, savings, food storage, land productivity, off-farm income, ratio of land allocated to tea significantly influence household food security. Policies that aim at improving household food security among smallholder cash crop farmers should target at increasing and diversifying household income sources and farm enterprises, provision of saving opportunities, storage facilities and proper allocation of land resource between cash crops and food crops.
Additional file 1 of Timing of rapid weight gain and its effect on subsequent overweight or obesity in childhood: findings from a longitudinal birth cohort study
Creators: name: Li, Yi-Fan
name: Shio-Jean Lin
name: Chiang, Tung-Liang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Results of logistic regression model. Table 1. Multiple logistic regression of childhood overweight or obesity at 36 months, 66 months, and 8 years of age according to the period of rapid weight gain (RWG) before the age of two. Table 2. Ordinal logistic regression of childhood overweight or obesity at 36 months, 66 months, and 8 years of age according to the period of rapid weight gain (RWG) before the age of two.
Rule-based epidemic models
Creators: name: Waites, William
name: Cavaliere, Matteo
name: Manheim, David
name: Panovska-Griffiths, Jasmina
name: Danos, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This paper gives an introduction to rule-based modelling applied to topics in infectious diseases. Rule-based models generalise reaction-based models with reagents that have internal state and may be bound together to form complexes, as in chemistry. Rule-based modelling is directly transferable from molecular biology to epidemiology and allows us to express a broad class of models for processes of interest in epidemiology that would not otherwise be feasible in compartmental models. This includes dynamics commonly found in compartmental models such as the spread of a virus from an infectious to a susceptible population, and more complex dynamics outside the typical scope of such models such as social behaviours and decision-making, testing capacity constraints, and tracing of people exposed to a virus but not yet symptomatic. We propose that such dynamics are well-captured with rule-based models, and that doing so combines intuitiveness and transparency of representation with scalability and compositionality. We demonstrate this feasibility of our approach using a suite of seven models to describe a spread of infectious diseases under different scenarios: wearing masks, infection via fomites and prevention by hand-washing, the concept of vector-borne diseases, testing and contact tracing interventions, disease propagation within motif-structured populations with shared environments such as schools, and superspreading events. The machine-readable description of these models corresponds closely to the mathematical description and also functions as a human-readable format so that one knows readily "what is in the model".
Optical properties of ultrafast laser heater solid
Creators: name: Ao, Tommy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The regime of Warm Dense Matter (WDM) has emerged as an interdisciplinary field which has drawn broad interest from researchers in plasma physics, condensed matter physics, high pressure science, astrophysics, inertial confinement fusion, as well as material science under extreme conditions. Warm dense matter represents complex states at the convergence of condensed matter physics and plasma physics where neither conventional theoretical descriptions are valid. However, single-state experimental data for the direct testing of new theoretical models within this regime has been difficult to come by. To examine the WDM state, the optical properties of ultrafast laser heated solids were studied. Experiments were performed utilizing a femtosecond laser pump-probe technique to create and examine single-states of WDM. The isochoric heating of freestanding, ultrathin (30 nm), gold foils by a femtosecond pump laser produced uniform, solid-density states of energy densities from 0.25 to 20 MJ/kg. The AC conductivity of such states was determined from reflectivity and transmission measurements of a femtosecond probe as a direct benchmark for transport theory. In addition, observation of the time history of the probe reflectivity and transmission led to the discovery of a quasi-steady-state behavior of the heated sample that suggests the existence of a metastable, disordered phase prior to the disassembly of the solid. To further examine the dynamics of ultrafast laser heated solids, Frequency Domain Interferometry was used to provide an independent observation.
Additional file 1 of Efficacy and mechanisms of a single-session behavioral medicine class among patients with chronic pain taking prescription opioids: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Ziadni, Maisa S.
name: Chen, Abby L.
name: Winslow, Tyler
name: Mackey, Sean C.
name: Darnall, Beth D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1. Measurement and Reporting of Adverse Events
Full one-loop QCD and electroweak corrections to sfermion pair production in $γγ$ collisions
Creators: name: Li-Rong, Xing
name: Wen-Gan, Ma
name: Ren-You, Zhang
name: Yi, Jiang
name: Liang, Han
name: Gang, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have calculated the full one-loop electroweak (EW) and QCD corrections to the third generation scalar-fermion pair production processes $e^+e^- \to γγ\to \tilde{f_i}\bar{\tilde{f_i}} (f=t,b,τ)$ at an electron-positron linear collider(LC) in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). We analyze the dependence of the radiative corrections on the parameters such as the colliding energy $\sqrt{\hat s}$ and the SUSY fundamental parameters $A_f$, $\tan β$, $μ$, $M_{SUSY}$ and so forth. The numerical results show that the EW corrections to the squark-, stau-pair production processes and QCD corrections to the squark-pair production processes give substantial contributions in some parameter space. The EW relative corrections to squark-pair production processes can be comparable with QCD corrections at high energies. Therefore, these EW and QCD corrections cannot be neglected in precise measurement of sfermion pair productions via $γγ$ collision at future linear colliders.
description: to be appeared in Phys. Rev. D
IMPLICATIONS OF THE WORLD FOOD CRISES ON TRENDS OF LOCAL FOOD PRICES IN THE UPPER EAST REGION OF GHANA
Creators: name: Akudugu, M.A.
name: Akudugu, M.A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Developing Countries
subject: Food Crises
subject: Ghana
subject: Spiral Food Prices
subject: Upper East

description: The global food crisis led to upward trends in food prices across the world. The millions of impoverished people living in developing countries including Ghana were the worst affected by the phenomenal increases in world food prices. This paper examines the implications of the global food crisis on the trends of food prices in the Upper East Region of Ghana. The data used for the analyses were average monthly prices of some selected grain cereals, grain legumes, vegetables, and root and tuber food items consumed in the region. The data were gathered from the Upper East Regional Directorate of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture. The analyses revealed that on the average, the prices of food items grew over 200 percent during the last twenty years. However, the all time record high increase in food prices in the Upper East Region of Ghana was recorded in 2008 which is estimated as over 100 percent. It is concluded that the global food crisis among other things translated positively in terms of prices in the Upper East Region of Ghana. This has had negative effects on the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals especially on the reduction of extreme poverty and hunger in the area where over 80 percent of the people are said to be poor. It is recommended that farmers in the area should be supplied with subsidized farm inputs and credit facilities to help boost their production levels to help mitigate the effects of hunger, malnutrition and poverty on the vulnerable – women, children and the physically challenged.
Optimal filters for the moving lens effect
Creators: name: Hotinli, Selim C.
name: Johnson, Matthew C.
name: Meyers, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We assess the prospects for detecting the moving lens effect using cosmological surveys. The bulk motion of cosmological structure induces a small-scale dipolar temperature anisotropy of the cosmic microwave radiation (CMB), centered around halos and oriented along the transverse velocity field. We introduce a set of optimal filters for this signal, and forecast that a high significance detection can be made with upcoming experiments. We discuss the prospects for reconstructing the bulk transverse velocity field on large scales using matched filters, finding good agreement with previous work using quadratic estimators.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, v3: version published in PRD