cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Inclusive semileptonic fits, heavy quark masses, and V_cb
Creators: name: Gambino, Paolo
name: Schwanda, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform global fits to the moments of semileptonic B decay distributions and extract |V_cb|, the heavy quark masses, and the non-perturbative parameters of the heavy quark expansion. We include NNLO perturbative corrections and recent determinations of the charm mass, and discuss how they improve the precision of the global fit. In particular, using the m_c determination of Ref.[11] we get m_b^kin=4.541(23) GeV and |V_cb|=(42.42+- 0.86) 10^{-3}. We also discuss the implications of the new fits for the normalization of rare B decays, the zero-recoil sum rule in B-> D* l nu, and the inclusive determination of |V_ub|.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures. v2: mc value from final version of Ref.[13], a few clarifications added, PRD version
Sharply tunable group velocity in alkali vapors using a single low-power control field
Creators: name: Kumar, Pardeep
name: Dasgupta, Shubhrangshu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how a single linearly polarized control field can produce a sharply tunable group velocity of a weak probe field at resonance in a four-level atomic configuration of alkali vapors. The dispersion can be switched from normal to anomalous along with vanishing absorption, just by changing intensity of the resonant control field. In addition, by allowing different intensities of the different polarization components of the control field, the anomalous dispersion can be switched back to the normal. This thereby creates a "valley of anomaly" in group index variation and offers two sets of control field intensities, for which the system behaves like a vacuum. The explicit analytical expressions for the probe coherence are provided along with all physical explanations. We demonstrate our results in $J = 1/2 \leftrightarrow J = 1/2$ transition for D_1 lines in alkali atoms, in which one can obtain a group index as large as $3.2\times10^{8}$ and as negative as $-1.5\times10^{5}$ using a control field with power as low as 0.017 mW/cm$^2$ and 9.56 mW/cm$^2$ .
Data-driven emergence of convolutional structure in neural networks
Creators: name: Ingrosso, Alessandro
name: Goldt, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Exploiting data invariances is crucial for efficient learning in both artificial and biological neural circuits. Understanding how neural networks can discover appropriate representations capable of harnessing the underlying symmetries of their inputs is thus crucial in machine learning and neuroscience. Convolutional neural networks, for example, were designed to exploit translation symmetry and their capabilities triggered the first wave of deep learning successes. However, learning convolutions directly from translation-invariant data with a fully-connected network has so far proven elusive. Here, we show how initially fully-connected neural networks solving a discrimination task can learn a convolutional structure directly from their inputs, resulting in localised, space-tiling receptive fields. These receptive fields match the filters of a convolutional network trained on the same task. By carefully designing data models for the visual scene, we show that the emergence of this pattern is triggered by the non-Gaussian, higher-order local structure of the inputs, which has long been recognised as the hallmark of natural images. We provide an analytical and numerical characterisation of the pattern-formation mechanism responsible for this phenomenon in a simple model and find an unexpected link between receptive field formation and tensor decomposition of higher-order input correlations. These results provide a new perspective on the development of low-level feature detectors in various sensory modalities, and pave the way for studying the impact of higher-order statistics on learning in neural networks.
description: Main text: 19 pages, 4 figures; Supplementary Material: 4 pages, 4 figures
Modules with Demazure Flags and Character Formulae
Creators: name: Chari, Vyjayanthi
name: Schneider, Lisa
name: Shereen, Peri
name: Wand, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we study a family of finite-dimensional graded representations of the current algebra of $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ which are indexed by partitions. We show that these representations admit a flag where the successive quotients are Demazure modules which occur in a level $\ell$-integrable module for $A_1^1$ as long as $\ell$ is large. We associate to each partition and to each $\ell$ an edge-labeled directed graph which allows us to describe in a combinatorial way the graded multiplicity of a given level $\ell$-Demazure module in the filtration. In the special case of the partition $1^s$ and $\ell=2$, we give a closed formula for the graded multiplicity of level two Demazure modules in a level one Demazure module. As an application, we use our result along with the results of Naoi and Lenart et al., to give the character of a $\mathfrak{g}$-stable level one Demazure module associated to $B_n^1$ as an explicit combination of suitably specialized Macdonald polynomials. In the case of $\mathfrak{sl}_2$, we also study the filtration of the level two Demazure module by level three Demazure modules and compute the numerical filtration multiplicities and show that the graded multiplicites are related to (variants of) partial theta series.
Kramers nodal lines and Weyl fermions in SmAlSi
Creators: name: Zhang, Yichen
name: Gao, Yuxiang
name: Gao, Xue-Jian
name: Lei, Shiming
name: Ni, Zhuoliang
name: Oh, Ji Seop
name: Huang, Jianwei
name: Yue, Ziqin
name: Zonno, Marta
name: Gorovikov, Sergey
name: Hashimoto, Makoto
name: Lu, Donghui
name: Denlinger, Jonathan D.
name: Birgeneau, Robert J.
name: Kono, Junichiro
name: Wu, Liang
name: Law, Kam Tuen
name: Morosan, Emilia
name: Yi, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kramers nodal lines (KNLs) have recently been proposed theoretically as a special type of Weyl line degeneracy connecting time-reversal invariant momenta. KNLs are robust to spin orbit coupling and are inherent to all non-centrosymmetric achiral crystal structures, leading to unusual spin, magneto-electric, and optical properties. However, their existence in in real quantum materials has not been experimentally established. Here we gather the experimental evidence pointing at the presence of KNLs in SmAlSi, a non-centrosymmetric metal that develops incommensurate spin density wave order at low temperature. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations, and magneto-transport methods, we provide evidence suggesting the presence of KNLs, together with observing Weyl fermions under the broken inversion symmetry in the paramagnetic phase of SmAlSi. We discuss the nesting possibilities regarding the emergent magnetic orders in SmAlSi. Our results provide a solid basis of experimental observations for exploring correlated topology in SmAlSi.
description: 40 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Feasible Wrench Set Computation for Legged Robots
Creators: name: Prieto, Ander Vallinas
name: Keemink, Arvid Q. L.
name: van Asseldonk, Edwin H. F.
name: van der Kooij, Herman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: During locomotion, legged robots interact with the ground by sequentially establishing and breaking contact. The interaction wrenches that arise from contact are used to steer the robot Center of Mass (CoM) and reject perturbations that make the system deviate from the desired trajectory and often make them fall. The feasibility of a given control target (desired CoM wrench or acceleration) is conditioned by the contact point distribution, ground friction, and actuation limits. In this work, we develop a method to compute the set of feasible wrenches that a legged robot can exert on its CoM through contact. The presented method can be used with any amount of non-co-planar contacts and takes into account actuation limits and limitations based on an inelastic contact model with Coulomb friction. This is exemplified with a planar biped model standing with the feet at different heights. Exploiting assumptions from the contact model, we explain how to compute the set of wrenches that are feasible on the CoM when the contacts remain in position as well as the ones that are feasible when some of the contacts are broken. Therefore, this method can be used to assess whether a switch in contact configuration is feasible while achieving a given control task. Furthermore, the method can be used to identify the directions in which the system is not actuated (i.e. a wrench cannot be exerted in those directions). We show how having a joint be actuated or passive can change the non-actuated wrench directions of a robot at a given pose using a spatial model of a lower-extremity exoskeleton. Therefore, this method is also a useful tool for the design phase of the system. This work presents a useful tool for the control and design of legged systems that extends on the current state of the art.
description: \c{opyright} 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works
OpenEyeSim 2.1: Rendering Depth-of-Field and Chromatic Aberration Faster than Real-Time Simulations of Visual Accommodation
Creators: name: Massmann, Judith
name: Lichtenstein, Alexander
name: López, Francisco M.
name: Shi, Bertram E.
name: Triesch, Jochen
Publisher: name: G-Node
Year: 2024
Subjects: Computational Neuroscience
Sensory processing and perception

description: Bernstein Conference 2024 abstract. https://bernstein-conference.de
Vibration-Assisted Multi-Photon Resonance and Multi-Ion Excitation
Creators: name: Shao, Wenjun
name: Feng, Xun-Li
name: Li, Jian
name: Wang, Liang-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the multi-photon resonance and multi-ion excitation in a single-mode cavity with identical vibrating ion-qubits, which enables the tripartite interaction among the internal states of ions, the cavity mode and the ions' vibrational motion. Under particular resonant conditions, we derive effective Hamiltonians for the three-photon and the three-excitation cases, respectively, and find that the magnitude of the effective coupling energy can be tuned through the vibration mode, allowing for manipulations of ion-photon coupling in experiments. Furthermore, we analyze the system dynamics of our proposed setups and demonstrate the Rabi oscillation behaviors in these systems with dissipation effects. We propose our system as a versatile platform for the exploration of entangled multi-qubit physics.
description: 25 pages, 18 figures
Siluriformes
Creators: name: Cohen, Simone C.
name: Kohn, Anna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes

description: Order Siluriformes  Family Ariidae
 Aspistor luniscutis
 Chauhanellus neotropicalis (BR) Genidens barbus (= Netuma barba)
 Chauhanellus boegeri (BR)
 Hamatopeduncularia sp. (BR) Genidens genidens
 Chauhanellus boegeri (BR) Sciades herzbergii (= Arius herzbergii)
 Calceostomella herzbergii (VE) Family Callichtyidae
 Corydoras ehrhardti
 Gyrodactylus anisopharynx (BR)
 Gyrodactylus samirae (BR)
 Gyrodactylus superbus (BR) Corydoras paleatus
 Gyrodactylus anisopharynx (BR)
 Gyrodactylus samirae (BR) Family Heptapteridae
 Rhamdia quelen
 Urocleidoides mastigatus (BR)
Family Loricariidae
 Ancistrus multispinis
 Onychogyrodactylus hydaticus (BR)
 Onychogyrodactylus sudis (BR) Hypostomus regani
 Paranaella luquei (BR)
 Phanerothecium spinulatum (BR) Hypostomus sp.
 Paranaella luquei (BR)
 Phanerothecioides agostinhoi (BR)
 Phanerothecium deiropedeum (BR)
 Phanerothecium spinatoides (BR) Hisonotus sp.
 Aglaiogyrodactylus pedunculatus (BR)
 Kronichthys lacerta
 Aglaiogyrodactylus forficulatus (BR)
 Pareiorhaphis parmula
 Aglaiogyrodactylus conei (BR)
 Aglaiogyrodactylus ctenistus (BR)
 Aglaiogyrodactylus salebrosus (BR)
 Pseudotothyris obtusa
 Aglaiogyrodactylus guttus (BR) Rhinelepis aspera
 Paranaella luquei (BR)
 Schizolecis guntheri
 Aglaiogyrodactylus calamus (BR)
 Aglaiogyrodactylus forficuloides (BR)
Family Mochokidae
 Synodontis clarias (= Pimelodus clarias)
 Demidospermus armostus (AR)
description: Published as part of Cohen, Simone C. & Kohn, Anna, 2008, South American Monogenea — list of species, hosts and geographical distribution from 1997 to 2008, pp. 1-42 in Zootaxa 1924 on pages 32-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184771
Uneven Extraction in Coffee Brewing
Creators: name: Lee, W. T.
name: Smith, A.
name: Arshad, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent experiment showed that, contrary to theoretical predictions, beyond a cutoff point grinding coffee more finely results in lower extraction. One potential explanation for this is that fine grinding promotes non-uniform extraction in the coffee bed. We investigate the possibility that this could occur due the interaction between dissolution and flow promoting uneven extraction. A low dimensional model in which there are two possible pathways for flow is derived and analysed. This model shows that, below a critical grind size, there is a decreasing extraction with decreasing grind size as is seen experimentally. In the model this is due to a complicated interplay between an initial imbalance in the porosities and permeabilities of the two pathways which is increased by flow and extraction, leading to the complete extraction of all soluble coffee from one pathway.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures. Ancillary files: octave and wxMaxima code to derive and nondimensionalise model, solve it numerically and generate latex tables and figures. Accepted for publication in Physics of Fluids
General framework for E(3)-equivariant neural network representation of density functional theory Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Gong, Xiaoxun
name: Li, He
name: Zou, Nianlong
name: Xu, Runzhang
name: Duan, Wenhui
name: Xu, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combination of deep learning and ab initio calculation has shown great promise in revolutionizing future scientific research, but how to design neural network models incorporating a priori knowledge and symmetry requirements is a key challenging subject. Here we propose an E(3)-equivariant deep-learning framework to represent density functional theory (DFT) Hamiltonian as a function of material structure, which can naturally preserve the Euclidean symmetry even in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. Our DeepH-E3 method enables very efficient electronic-structure calculation at ab initio accuracy by learning from DFT data of small-sized structures, making routine study of large-scale supercells ($> 10^4$ atoms) feasible. Remarkably, the method can reach sub-meV prediction accuracy at high training efficiency, showing state-of-the-art performance in our experiments. The work is not only of general significance to deep-learning method development, but also creates new opportunities for materials research, such as building Moiré-twisted material database.
Implication of neutrino backgrounds on the reach of next generation dark matter direct detection experiments
Creators: name: Billard, J.
name: Strigari, L.
name: Figueroa-Feliciano, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As direct dark matter experiments continue to increase in size, they will become sensitive to neutrinos from astrophysical sources. For experiments that do not have directional sensitivity, coherent neutrino scattering (CNS) from several sources represents an important background to understand, as it can almost perfectly mimic an authentic WIMP signal. Here we explore in detail the effect of neutrino backgrounds on the discovery potential of WIMPs over the entire mass range of 500 MeV to 10 TeV. We show that, given the theoretical and measured uncertainties on the neutrino backgrounds, direct detection experiments lose sensitivity to light (~10 GeV) and heavy (~100 GeV) WIMPs with a spin-independent cross section below 10^{-45} cm^2 and 10^{-49} cm^2, respectively.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, 7Be fluxes revised, conclusions unchanged
Fate of multiparticle entanglement when one particle becomes classical
Creators: name: Xu, Zhen-Peng
name: Imai, Satoya
name: Gühne, Otfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the change of multiparticle entanglement if one particle becomes classical, in the sense that this particle is destructed by a measurement, but the gained information is encoded into a new register. We present an estimation of this change for different entanglement measures and ways of encoding. We first simplify the numerical calculation to analyze the change of entanglement under classicalization in special cases. Second, we provide general upper and lower bounds on the entanglement change. Third, we show that the entanglement change caused by classicalization of one qubit only can still be arbitrarily large. Finally, we discuss cases where no entanglement is left under classicalization for any possible measurement. Our results shed light on the storage of quantum resources and help to develop a novel direction in the field of quantum resource theories.
description: 5+12 pages, 4 figures
Unknown area exploration for robots with energy constraints using a modified Butterfly Optimization Algorithm
Creators: name: Bendahmane, Amine
name: Tlemsani, Redouane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (BOA) is a recent metaheuristic that has been used in several optimization problems. In this paper, we propose a new version of the algorithm (xBOA) based on the crossover operator and compare its results to the original BOA and 3 other variants recently introduced in the literature. We also proposed a framework for solving the unknown area exploration problem with energy constraints using metaheuristics in both single- and multi-robot scenarios. This framework allowed us to benchmark the performances of different metaheuristics for the robotics exploration problem. We conducted several experiments to validate this framework and used it to compare the effectiveness of xBOA with wellknown metaheuristics used in the literature through 5 evaluation criteria. Although BOA and xBOA are not optimal in all these criteria, we found that BOA can be a good alternative to many metaheuristics in terms of the exploration time, while xBOA is more robust to local optima; has better fitness convergence; and achieves better exploration rates than the original BOA and its other variants.
Nonlinear mechanisms in Al and Ti superconducting travelling-wave parametric amplifiers
Creators: name: Zhao, Songyuan
name: Withington, Stafford
name: Thomas, Chris N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The underlying nonlinear mechanisms behind the operation of travelling-wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) are important in determining their performance in terms of added noise, maximum gain, and bandwidth. We describe a method of characterising the underlying nonlinearity of a superconducting material in terms of its dissipative-reactive ratio and the response time of the underlying microscopic processes. We describe and calculate the different behaviour arising from the equilibrium supercurrent nonlinearity, which has low dissipation and fast response time, and the non-equilibrium heating nonlinearity, which has high dissipation and slow response time. We have fabricated TWPAs based on Al and Ti, and characterised their nonlinearities using our analysis. For both Al and Ti, the measured dissipative-reactive ratios and response times are quantitatively similar to predictions for the non-equilibrium heating nonlinearity. We were able to obtain more than 20 dB of peak power gain, although only over a narrow bandwidth of a few kilohertz. Our method of characterising the underlying nonlinearities could also be useful in the understanding and design of other superconducting nonlinear devices such as parametric up-converters, kinetic inductance Fourier transform spectrometers, and resonator parametric amplifiers.
Sub-barrier fusion hindrance and absence of neutron transfer channels
Creators: name: Singh, Vinay
name: Lahiri, Joydev
name: Chowdhury, Partha Roy
name: Basu, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sub-barrier fusion hindrance has been observed in the domain of very low energies of astrophysical relevance. This phenomenon can be analyzed effectively using an uncomplicated straightforward elegant mathematical formula gleaned presuming diffused barrier with a Gaussian distribution. The mathematical formula for cross section of nuclear fusion reaction has been obtained by folding together a Gaussian function representing the fusion barrier height distribution and the expression for classical cross section of fusion assuming a fixed barrier. The variation of fusion cross section as a function of energy, thus obtained, describes well the existing data on sub-barrier heavy-ion fusion for lighter systems of astrophysical interest. Employing this elegant formula, cross sections of interacting nuclei from $^{16}$O + $^{18}$O to $^{12}$C + $^{198}$Pt, all of which were measured down to $<$ 10 $μ$b have been analyzed. The agreement of the present analysis with the measured values is comparable, if not better, than those calculated from more sophisticated calculations. The three parameters of this formula varies rather smoothly implying its usage in estimating the excitation function or extrapolating cross sections for pairs of interacting nuclei which are yet to be measured. Possible effects of neutron transfers on the hindrance in heavy-ion fusion have been explored.
description: 7 pages including 7 figures and 2 tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2107.09451
Make More of Your Data: Minimal Effort Data Augmentation for Automatic Speech Recognition and Translation
Creators: name: Lam, Tsz Kin
name: Schamoni, Shigehiko
name: Riezler, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Data augmentation is a technique to generate new training data based on existing data. We evaluate the simple and cost-effective method of concatenating the original data examples to build new training instances. Continued training with such augmented data is able to improve off-the-shelf Transformer and Conformer models that were optimized on the original data only. We demonstrate considerable improvements on the LibriSpeech-960h test sets (WER 2.83 and 6.87 for test-clean and test-other), which carry over to models combined with shallow fusion (WER 2.55 and 6.27). Our method of continued training also leads to improvements of up to 0.9 WER on the ASR part of CoVoST-2 for four non English languages, and we observe that the gains are highly dependent on the size of the original training data. We compare different concatenation strategies and found that our method does not need speaker information to achieve its improvements. Finally, we demonstrate on two datasets that our methods also works for speech translation tasks.
description: Accepted at ICASSP 2023
Dynamics of quantum double dark-solitons and an exact finite-size scaling of Bose-Einstein condensation
Creators: name: Kinjo, Kayo
name: Sato, Jun
name: Deguchi, Tetsuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show several novel aspects in the exact non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum double dark-soliton states in the Lieb-Liniger model for the one-dimensional Bose gas with repulsive interactions. We also show an exact finite-size scaling of the fraction of the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in the ground state, which should characterize the quasi-BEC in quantum double dark-soliton states that we assume to occur in the weak coupling regime. First, we show the exact time evolution of the density profile in the quantum state associated with a quantum double dark-soliton by the Bethe ansatz. Secondly, we derive a kind of macroscopic quantum wave-function effectively by exactly evaluating the square amplitude and phase profiles of the matrix element of the field operator between the quantum double dark-soliton states. The profiles are close to those of dark-solitons particularly in the weak-coupling regime. Then, the scattering of two notches in the quantum double dark-soliton state is exactly demonstrated. It is suggested from the above observations that the quasi-BEC should play a significant role in the dynamics of quantum double dark-soliton states. If the condensate fraction is close to 1, the quantum state should be well approximated by the quasi-BEC state where the mean-field picture is valid.
description: 29 pages,17 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1303.2775
Tetraodontiformes
Creators: name: Cohen, Simone C.
name: Kohn, Anna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Tetraodontiformes

description: Order Tetraodontiformes  Family Ostraciidae
 Acanthostracion polygonius (= Lactophrys poligonia)
 Haliotrema cumanensis (VE)
Family Pimelodidae
 Bergiaria westermanii (= Iheringichthys westermanii)
 Demidospermus cornicinus (AR) Demidospermus leptosynophallus (AR)
 Calophysus macropterus
 Pavanelliela pavanellii (BR)
 Iheringichthys labrosus
 Demidospermus labrosi (BR) Demidospermus mandi (BR) Pseudovancleavus paranaensis (BR)
 Pimelodus albicans
 Demidospermus armostus (AR) Demidospermus idolus (AR) Demidospermus majusculus (AR) Scleroductus yuncensi (AR)
 Pimelodus maculatus
 Demidospermus armostus (AR) Demidospermus majusculus (BR) Demidospermus paravalenciennesi (BR) Demidospermus uncusvalidus (BR) Pavanelliela pavanellii (BR) Scleroductus yuncensi (AR)
 Pseudoplatystoma corruscans
 Pavanelliela pavanellii (BR) Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum
 Phanerothecioides agostinhoi (BR)
description: Published as part of Cohen, Simone C. & Kohn, Anna, 2008, South American Monogenea — list of species, hosts and geographical distribution from 1997 to 2008, pp. 1-42 in Zootaxa 1924 on pages 33-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184771
Neutrino Quantum Kinetics
Creators: name: Vlasenko, Alexey
name: Fuller, George M.
name: Cirigliano, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a formulation of the quantum kinetic equations (QKEs) which govern the evolution of neutrino flavor at high density and temperature. Here, the QKEs are derived from the ground up, using fundamental neutrino interactions and quantum field theory. We show that the resulting QKEs describe coherent flavor evolution with an effective mass when inelastic scattering is negligible. The QKEs also contain a collision term. This term can reduce to the collision term in the Boltzmann equation when scattering is dominant and the neutrino effective masses and density matrices become diagonal in the interaction basis. We also find that the QKE's include equations of motion for a new dynamical quantity related to neutrino spin. This quantity decouples from the equations of motion for the density matrices at low densities or in isotropic conditions. However, the spin equations of motion allow for the possibility of coherent transformation between neutrinos and antineutrinos at high densities and in the presence of anisotropy. Although the requisite conditions for this exist in the core collapse supernova and compact object merger environments, it is likely that only a self consistent incorporation of the QKEs in a sufficiently realistic model could establish whether or not significant neutrino-antineutrino conversion occurs.
description: Revised version, published in Physical Review D
Synfire chains in random weight threshold unit network
Creators: name: Ito, Junji
name: Oberste-Frielinghaus, Jonas
name: Kurth, Anno
name: Grün, Sonja
Publisher: name: G-Node
Year: 2024
Subjects: Computational Neuroscience
Networks and dynamical systems

description: Bernstein Conference 2024 abstract. https://bernstein-conference.de
Conditioned diffusion processes with an absorbing boundary condition for finite or infinite horizon
Creators: name: Monthus, Cécile
name: Mazzolo, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: When the unconditioned process is a diffusion living on the half-line $x \in ]-\infty,a[$ in the presence of an absorbing boundary condition at position $x=a$, we construct various conditioned processes corresponding to finite or infinite horizon. When the time horizon is finite $T<+\infty$, the conditioning consists in imposing the probability $P^*(y,T ) $ to be surviving at time $T$ and at the position $y \in ]-\infty,a[$, as well as the probability $γ^*(T_a ) $ to have been absorbed at the previous time $T_a \in [0,T]$. When the time horizon is infinite $T=+\infty$, the conditioning consists in imposing the probability $γ^*(T_a ) $ to have been absorbed at the time $T_a \in [0,+\infty[$, whose normalization $[1- S^*(\infty )]$ determines the conditioned probability $S^*(\infty ) \in [0,1]$ of forever-survival. This case of infinite horizon $T=+\infty$ can be thus reformulated as the conditioning of diffusion processes with respect to their first-passage-time properties at position $a$. This general framework is applied to the explicit case where the unconditioned process is the Brownian motion with uniform drift $μ$ in order to generate stochastic trajectories satisfying various types of conditioning constraints. Finally, we describe the links with the dynamical large deviations at Level 2.5 and the stochastic control theory.
description: final version (36 pages, 6 figures, 1 table)
New developments in fission studies within the time-dependent density functional theory framework
Creators: name: Bulgac, Aurel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have extended significantly the microscopic description of the fission process by examining a larger set of observables. We extract neutron and proton numbers of fission fragments, their spins and fission fragment relative orbital angular momentum and their correlations, investigate neutrons emitted at or shortly after scission, excitation energy sharing mechanism, total kinetic energy of fission fragments, and the entanglement entropy. I will present a short overview of our simulations obtained with two independent nuclear energy density functionals.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, prepared for the proceedings of 15th International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology (ND2022), July 24-29, 2022, published version
Black club women, the production of religious thought, and the making of an intellectual movement
Creators: name: Williams, Joseph Thomas
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: Black Club Women, the Production of Religious Thought, and the Making of an Intellectual Movement, 1854-1933 examines the hundreds of black women in the club movement who frequently convened across the country to discuss the divine, human nature, the after-life, and other abstract religious ideas in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Drawing on periodicals, eulogies, organizational reports, autobiographies, educational curricula, and early historical profiles of black women, this dissertation reveals the pluralistic nature of the black women’s club movement. As race leaders concerned with uplifting the black community, club members placed immense value on religious texts and cultures that both reflected and stood at variance with Protestantism. This dissertation maps their informal study of religious and philosophical thought to better understand their intellectual campaign for social reform, and appreciate how club women came to form a unique and radical intelligentsia in the black community.
Kinematic consistency relations of large-scale structures
Creators: name: Valageas, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe how the kinematic consistency relations satisfied by density correlations of the large-scale structures of the Universe can be derived within the usual Newtonian framework. These relations express a kinematic effect and show how the $(\ell+n)$-density correlation factors in terms of the $n$-point correlation and $\ell$ linear power spectrum factors, in the limit where the $\ell$ soft wave numbers become linear and much smaller than the $n$ other wave numbers. We describe how these relations extend to multifluid cases. In the standard cosmology, these consistency relations derive from the equivalence principle. A detection of their violation would indicate non-Gaussian initial conditions, non-negligible decaying modes, or a modification of gravity that does not converge to General Relativity on large scales.
description: 14 pages
What is the speed limit of martensitic transformations?
Creators: name: Schwabe, Stefan
name: Lünser, Klara
name: Schmidt, Daniel
name: Nielsch, Kornelius
name: Gaal, Peter
name: Fähler, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Structural martensitic transformations enable various applications, which range from high stroke actuation and sensing to energy efficient magnetocaloric refrigeration and thermomagnetic energy harvesting. All these emerging applications benefit from a fast transformation, but up to now the speed limit of martensitic transformations has not been explored. Here, we demonstrate that a martensite to austenite transformation can be completed in under ten nanoseconds. We heat an epitaxial Ni-Mn-Ga film with a laser pulse and use synchrotron diffraction to probe the influence of initial sample temperature and overheating on transformation rate and ratio. We demonstrate that an increase of thermal energy drives this transformation faster. Though the observed speed limit of 2.5 x 10^{27} (Js)^{-1} per unit cell leaves plenty of room for a further acceleration of applications, our analysis reveals that the practical limit will be the energy required for switching. Our experiments unveil that martensitic transformations obey similar speed limits as in microelectronics, which are expressed by the Margolus-Levitin theorem.
description: 24 pages paper and 12 pages supporting information
From sky to compass: a model of the desert locust sky-compass circuit
Creators: name: Pabst, Kathrin
name: Homberg, Uwe
name: Endres, Dominik
Publisher: name: G-Node
Year: 2024
Subjects: Computational Neuroscience
Networks and dynamical systems

description: Bernstein Conference 2024 abstract. https://bernstein-conference.de
Retweet-BERT: Political Leaning Detection Using Language Features and Information Diffusion on Social Networks
Creators: name: Jiang, Julie
name: Ren, Xiang
name: Ferrara, Emilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Estimating the political leanings of social media users is a challenging and ever more pressing problem given the increase in social media consumption. We introduce Retweet-BERT, a simple and scalable model to estimate the political leanings of Twitter users. Retweet-BERT leverages the retweet network structure and the language used in users' profile descriptions. Our assumptions stem from patterns of networks and linguistics homophily among people who share similar ideologies. Retweet-BERT demonstrates competitive performance against other state-of-the-art baselines, achieving 96%-97% macro-F1 on two recent Twitter datasets (a COVID-19 dataset and a 2020 United States presidential elections dataset). We also perform manual validation to validate the performance of Retweet-BERT on users not in the training data. Finally, in a case study of COVID-19, we illustrate the presence of political echo chambers on Twitter and show that it exists primarily among right-leaning users. Our code is open-sourced and our data is publicly available.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2103.10979
DXM-TransFuse U-net: Dual Cross-Modal Transformer Fusion U-net for Automated Nerve Identification
Creators: name: Xie, Baijun
name: Milam, Gary
name: Ning, Bo
name: Cha, Jaepyeong
name: Park, Chung Hyuk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurate nerve identification is critical during surgical procedures for preventing any damages to nerve tissues. Nerve injuries can lead to long-term detrimental effects for patients as well as financial overburdens. In this study, we develop a deep-learning network framework using the U-Net architecture with a Transformer block based fusion module at the bottleneck to identify nerve tissues from a multi-modal optical imaging system. By leveraging and extracting the feature maps of each modality independently and using each modalities information for cross-modal interactions, we aim to provide a solution that would further increase the effectiveness of the imaging systems for enabling the noninvasive intraoperative nerve identification.
On chemical order and interfacial segregation in $γ^\prime$ (AlAg$_2$) precipitates
Creators: name: Rosalie, Julian M.
name: Dwyer, Christian
name: Bourgeois, Laure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A detailed study has been carried out on $γ^\prime$ (AlAg$_2$) precipitates in Al-Ag and Al-Ag-Cu alloys to reconcile the conflicting reports on chemical ordering and stacking faults in this phase. High angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy and convergent beam electron diffraction show no indication of chemical ordering on alternate basal planes of $γ^\prime$ precipitates in alloys aged at 473 K for 2-23 h. Precipitates were visible as Ag-rich regions with 1-13 fcc$\rightarrow$hcp stacking faults, corresponding to $γ^\prime$ platelets with thicknesses ranging from 0.69-6.44 nm. There were no systematically absent thicknesses. Growth ledges with a riser height equal to the $c$-lattice parameter (0.46 nm) were directly observed for the first time. Genuine stacking faults within the precipitates were extremely rare and only observed in thicker precipitates. In precipitates with 1-3 stacking faults there was also substantial Ag in the surrounding fcc layers of the matrix, indicating that Ag strongly segregated to the broad, planar precipitate-matrix interfaces. This segregation is responsible for previous reports of stacking faults in $γ^\prime$ precipitates. The results indicate that the early stages of $γ^\prime$ precipitate growth are interfacially controlled.
description: Author accepted manuscript, 19 pages, 10 figures
Entanglement between a muon spin and $I>\frac{1}{2}$ nuclear spins
Creators: name: Bonfà, Pietro
name: Frassineti, Jonathan
name: Wilkinson, John M.
name: Prando, Giacomo
name: Isah, Muhammad M.
name: Wang, Chennan
name: Spina, Tiziana
name: Joseph, Boby
name: Mitrović, Vesna
name: De Renzi, Roberto
name: Blundell, Stephen J.
name: Sanna, Samuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the first example of quantum coherence between the spins of muons and quadrupolar nuclei. We observe this effect in vanadium intermetallic compounds which adopt the A15 crystal structure, and whose members include all technologically dominant superconductors. The entangled states are extremely sensitive to the local structural and electronic environments through the electric field gradient at the quadrupolar nuclei. This case-study demonstrates that positive muons can be used as a quantum sensing tool to probe also structural and charge related phenomena in materials, even in the absence of magnetic order.
The dynamics of technology diffusion and the impacts of climate policy instruments in the decarbonisation of the global electricity sector
Creators: name: Mercure, J. F.
name: Salas, P.
name: Foley, A.
name: Chewpreecha, U.
name: Pollitt, H.
name: Holden, P. B.
name: Edwards, N. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents an analysis of climate policy instruments for the decarbonisation of the global electricity sector in a non-equilibrium economic and technology diffusion perspective. Energy markets are driven by innovation, path-dependent technology choices and diffusion. However, conventional optimisation models lack detail on these aspects and have limited ability to address the effectiveness of policy interventions because they do not represent decision-making. As a result, known effects of technology lock-ins are liable to be underestimated. In contrast, our approach places investor decision-making at the core of the analysis and investigates how it drives the diffusion of low-carbon technology in a highly disaggregated, hybrid, global macroeconometric model, FTT:Power-E3MG. Ten scenarios to 2050 of the electricity sector in 21 regions exploring combinations of electricity policy instruments are analysed, including their climate impacts. We show that in a diffusion and path-dependent perspective, the impact of combinations of policies does not correspond to the sum of impacts of individual instruments: synergies exist between policy tools. We argue that the carbon price required to break the current fossil technology lock-in can be much lower when combined with other policies, and that a 90% decarbonisation of the electricity sector by 2050 is affordable without early scrapping.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, 3 appendices
Parameter-Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Architecture for Pre-trained Language Models
Creators: name: Gao, Ze-Feng
name: Liu, Peiyu
name: Zhao, Wayne Xin
name: Lu, Zhong-Yi
name: Wen, Ji-Rong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Mixture-of-Experts (short as MoE) architecture has achieved remarkable success in increasing the model capacity of large-scale language models. However, MoE requires incorporating significantly more parameters than the base model being extended. In this paper, we propose building a parameter-efficient MoE architecture by sharing information among experts. We adopt the matrix product operator (MPO, a tensor decomposition from quantum many-body physics) to reconstruct the parameter matrix in the expert layer and increase model capacity for pre-trained language models by sharing parameters of the central tensor (containing the core information) among different experts while enabling the specificity through the auxiliary tensors (complementing the central tensor) of different experts. To address the unbalanced optimization issue, we further design the gradient mask strategy for the MPO-based MoE architecture. Extensive experiments based on T5 and GPT-2 show improved performance and efficiency of the pre-trained language model (27.2x reduction in total parameters for the superior model performance, compared with the Switch Transformers). Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/RUCAIBox/MPOE.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables
Critical Collapse of Scalar Fields Beyond Axisymmetry
Creators: name: Healy, James
name: Laguna, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate non-spherically symmetric, scalar field collapse of a family of initial data consisting of a spherically symmetric profile with a deformation proportional to the real part of the spherical harmonic $Y_{21}(θ,φ)$. Independent of the strength of the anisotropy in the data, we find that supercritical collapse yields a black hole mass scaling $M_h \propto (p-p^*)^γ$ with $γ\approx 0.37$, a value remarkably close to the critical exponent obtained by Choptuik in his pioneering study in spherical symmetry. We also find hints of discrete self-similarity. However, the collapse experiments are not sufficiently close to the critical solution to unequivocally claim that the detected periodicity is from critical collapse echoing.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures and 1 table, replaced with version accepted for publication in GRG