cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Parameterized Verification of Systems with Global Synchronization and Guards
Creators: name: Jaber, Nouraldin
name: Jacobs, Swen
name: Wagner, Christopher
name: Kulkarni, Milind
name: Samanta, Roopsha
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Inspired by distributed applications that use consensus or other agreement protocols for global coordination, we define a new computational model for parameterized systems that is based on a general global synchronization primitive and allows for global transition guards. Our model generalizes many existing models in the literature, including broadcast protocols and guarded protocols. We show that reachability properties are decidable for systems without guards, and give sufficient conditions under which they remain decidable in the presence of guards. Furthermore, we investigate cutoffs for reachability properties and provide sufficient conditions for small cutoffs in a number of cases that are inspired by our target applications.
Formation of Organic Molecules and Water in Warm Disk Atmospheres
Creators: name: Najita, Joan R.
name: Adamkovics, Mate
name: Glassgold, Alfred E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations from Spitzer and ground-based infrared spectroscopy reveal significant diversity in the molecular emission from the inner few AU of T Tauri disks. We explore theoretically the possible origin of this diversity by expanding on our earlier thermal-chemical model of disk atmospheres. We consider how variations in grain settling, X-ray irradiation, accretion-related mechanical heating, and the oxygen-to-carbon ratio can affect the thermal and chemical properties of the atmosphere at 0.25-40 AU. We find that these model parameters can account for many properties of the detected molecular emission. The column density of the warm (200-2000K) molecular atmosphere is sensitive to grain settling and the efficiency of accretion-related heating, which may account, at least in part, for the large range in molecular emission fluxes that have been observed. The dependence of the atmospheric properties on the model parameters may also help to explain trends that have been reported in the literature between molecular emission strength and mid-infrared color, stellar accretion rate, and disk mass. We discuss whether some of the differences between our model results and the observations (e.g., for water) indicate a role for vertical transport and freeze-out in the disk midplane. We also discuss how planetesimal formation in the outer disk (beyond the snowline) may imprint a chemical signature on the inner few AU of the disk and speculate on possible observational tracers of this process.
description: 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
GAN-Leaks: A Taxonomy of Membership Inference Attacks against Generative Models
Creators: name: Chen, Dingfan
name: Yu, Ning
name: Zhang, Yang
name: Fritz, Mario
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Deep learning has achieved overwhelming success, spanning from discriminative models to generative models. In particular, deep generative models have facilitated a new level of performance in a myriad of areas, ranging from media manipulation to sanitized dataset generation. Despite the great success, the potential risks of privacy breach caused by generative models have not been analyzed systematically. In this paper, we focus on membership inference attack against deep generative models that reveals information about the training data used for victim models. Specifically, we present the first taxonomy of membership inference attacks, encompassing not only existing attacks but also our novel ones. In addition, we propose the first generic attack model that can be instantiated in a large range of settings and is applicable to various kinds of deep generative models. Moreover, we provide a theoretically grounded attack calibration technique, which consistently boosts the attack performance in all cases, across different attack settings, data modalities, and training configurations. We complement the systematic analysis of attack performance by a comprehensive experimental study, that investigates the effectiveness of various attacks w.r.t. model type and training configurations, over three diverse application scenarios (i.e., images, medical data, and location data).
A machine learning perspective on predictive coding using PAQ8 and new applications
Creators: name: Knoll, Byron
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The goal of this thesis is to describe a state-of-the-art compression method called PAQ8 from the perspective of machine learning. We show both how PAQ8 makes use of several simple, well known machine learning models and algorithms, and how it can be improved by exchanging these components for more sophisticated models and algorithms. We also present a broad range of new applications of PAQ8 to machine learning tasks including language modeling and adaptive text prediction, adaptive game playing, classification, and lossy compression using features from the field of deep learning.
Anomalous Hall effect in superconductors with spin-orbit interaction
Creators: name: Sacramento, P. D.
name: Araujo, M. A. N.
name: Vieira, V. R.
name: Dugaev, V. K.
name: Barnas, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the anomalous Hall conductance of superconductors with spin-orbit interaction and with either uniform or local magnetization. In the first case we consider a uniform ferromagnetic ordering in a spin triplet superconductor, while in the second case we consider a conventional s-wave spin singlet superconductor with a magnetic impurity (or a diluted set of magnetic impurities). In the latter case we show that the anomalous Hall conductance can be used to track the quantum phase transition, that occurs when the spin coupling between the impurity and electronic spin density exceeds a certain critical value. In both cases we find that for large spin-orbit coupling the superconductivity is destroyed and the Hall conductance oscillates strongly.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Integrability of a nonlinear evolution equation derived from isoperimetric plane curve motion
Creators: name: Brunelli, Jose Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a geometrical interpretation for the series of transformations used by Sakovich to map the third-order nonlinear evolution equation obtained by Chou and Qu to the mKdV equation. We also discuss its bi-Hamiltonian integrability as well as integrable equations associated with this system.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure
Complementary Resistive Switching in Tantalum Oxide-Based Resistive Memory Devices
Creators: name: Yang, Yuchao
name: Sheridan, Patrick
name: Lu, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complementary resistive switches (CRS) are considered as a potential solution for the sneak path problem in large-scale integration of passive crossbar resistive memory arrays. A typical CRS is composed of two bipolar memory cells that are connected anti-serially. Here we report a tantalum-oxide based resistive memory that achieves the complementary switching functionality within a single memory cell. The complementary switching effect is accompanied by switching polarity reversal in different voltage bias regimes. These effects were explained by the redistribution of oxygen vacancies inside the tantalum-oxide layers. The effects of symmetry breaking on bipolar switching and complementary switching were also discussed.
description: This paper has been withdrawn by the authors
Novel mechanisms in regulating neutrophil migration
Creators: name: Wang, Tianqi
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 320404
subject: Cellular immunology
classificationCode: 310110
subject: Receptors and membrane biology
classificationCode: 310111
subject: Signal transduction

description: In this dissertation, we utilized the zebrafish model and the human neutrophil model to investigate the novel mechanisms that regulate neutrophil motility and chemotaxis.
Boosting coloration efficiency in an electrochromic device using an ITO/Ag/ITO multilayered electrode and porous WO3 chromic layer
Creators: name: Lee, Sueon
name: Kim, Min Jae
name: Lee, Sang Ho
name: Jeong, Seung Hye
name: Kwon, Jang Hyuk
name: Jeong, Jae Kyeong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
classificationCode: 29999
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
classificationCode: 59999
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 39999
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: High-performance electrochromic devices (ECDs) were fabricated by introducing indium tin oxide/silver/indium tin oxide (IAI) multilayers as a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) electrode in conjunction with microstructural tailoring of tungsten trioxide (WO3) as an electrochromic (EC) layer. A 15-nm-thick Ag film with a preferential orientation of (111) and smooth morphology resulted in a high optical transmittance of 90.9% and sheet resistance 16.7 Ω/sq, making it a suitable TCO. In addition, the open network WO3 film used as an EC layer was deposited by carefully controlling the chamber pressure during the sputtering process. A high chamber pressure (2.0 Pa) resulted in a WO3 film with the lowest mass density (5.72 g/cm3) and a rough morphology. Half-cell ECDs consisting of a TCO bottom electrode (BE)/WO3 stack immersed in LiClO4 electrolyte were fabricated to verify the impact of using the IAI multi-layer stack and tailored WO3 film as a TCO and EC layer, respectively. Significant enhancement in terms of coloration efficiency was achieved for the ECDs by adopting the IAI TCO and open network WO3 EC layer compared to counterpart devices with an ITO TCO or dense WO3 EC film. This can be explained by the facile carrier extraction (injection) and transport of Li ions.
Mining Input Grammars from Dynamic Control Flow
Creators: name: Gopinath, Rahul
name: Mathis, Björn
name: Zeller, Andreas
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: One of the key properties of a program is its input specification. Having a formal input specification can be critical in fields such as vulnerability analysis, reverse engineering, software testing, clone detection, or refactoring. Unfortunately, accurate input specifications for typical programs are often unavailable or out of date. In this paper, we present a general algorithm that takes a program and a small set of sample inputs and automatically infers a readable context-free grammar capturing the input language of the program. We infer the syntactic input structure only by observing access of input characters at different locations of the input parser. This works on all stack based recursive descent input parsers, including parser combinators, and works entirely without program specific heuristics. Our Mimid prototype produced accurate and readable grammars for a variety of evaluation subjects, including complex languages such as JSON, TinyC, and JavaScript.
The N = 16 spherical shell closure in 24O
Creators: name: Tshoo, K.
name: Satou, Y.
name: Bhang, H.
name: Choi, S.
name: Nakamura, T.
name: Kondo, Y.
name: Deguchi, S.
name: Kawada, Y.
name: Kobayashi, N.
name: Nakayama, Y.
name: Tanaka, K. N.
name: Tanaka, N.
name: Aoi, N.
name: Ishihara, M.
name: Motobayashi, T.
name: Otsu, H.
name: Sakurai, H.
name: Takeuchi, S.
name: Togano, Y.
name: Yoneda, K.
name: Li, Z. H.
name: Delaunay, F.
name: Gibelin, J.
name: Marqués, F. M.
name: Orr, N. A.
name: Honda, T.
name: Matsushita, M.
name: Kobayashi, T.
name: Miyashita, Y.
name: Sumikama, T.
name: Yoshinaga, K.
name: Shimoura, S.
name: Sohler, D.
name: Zheng, T.
name: Cao, Z. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unbound excited states of the neutron drip-line isotope 24O have been investigated via the 24O(p,p')23O+n reaction in inverse kinematics at a beam energy of 62 MeV/nucleon. The decay energy spectrum of 24O* was reconstructed from the momenta of 23O and the neutron. The spin-parity of the first excited state, observed at Ex = 4.65 +/- 0.14 MeV, was determined to be Jpi = 2+ from the angular distribution of the cross section. Higher lying states were also observed. The quadrupole transition parameter beta2 of the 2+ state was deduced, for the first time, to be 0.15 +/- 0.04. The relatively high excitation energy and small beta2 value are indicative of the N = 16 shell closure in 24O.
description: to be submitted to Physical Review Letters
Stationary field-aligned MHD flows at astropauses and in astrotails. Principles of a counterflow configuration between a stellar wind and its interstellar medium wind
Creators: name: Nickeler, D. H.
name: Goedbloed, J. P.
name: Fahr, H. -J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A stellar wind passing through the reverse shock is deflected into the astrospheric tail and leaves the stellar system either as a sub-Alfvenic or as a super-Alfvenic tail flow. An example is our own heliosphere and its heliotail. We present an analytical method of calculating stationary, incompressible, and field-aligned plasma flows in the astrotail of a star. We present a recipe for constructing an astrosphere with the help of only a few parameters, like the inner Alfven Mach number and the outer Alfven Mach number, the magnetic field strength within and outside the stellar wind cavity, and the distribution of singular points of the magnetic field within these flows. Within the framework of a one-fluid approximation, it is possible to obtain solutions of the MHD equations for stationary flows from corresponding static MHD equilibria, by using noncanonical mappings of the canonical variables. The canonical variables are the Euler potentials of the magnetic field of magnetohydrostatic equilibria. Thus we start from static equilibria determined by the distribution of magnetic neutral points, and assume that the Alfven Mach number for the corresponding stationary equilibria is finite. The topological structure determines the geometrical structure of the interstellar gas - stellar wind interface. Additional boundary conditions like the outer magnetic field and the jump of the magnetic field across the astropause allow determination of the noncanonical transformations. This delivers the strength of the magnetic field at every point in the astrotail region beyond the reverse shock. The mathematical technique for describing such a scenario is applied to astrospheres in general, but is also relevant for the heliosphere. It shows the restrictions of the outer and the inner magnetic field strength in comparison with the corresponding Alfven Mach numbers in the case of subalfvenic flows.
description: 19 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Low temperature processed, highly stable CMOS inverter by integrating Zn-ON and tellurium thin-film transistors
Creators: name: Naqi, Muhammad
name: Jang, Seong Cheol
name: Cho, Yongin
name: Park, Ji Min
name: Oh, Joo On
name: Rho, Hyun Yeol
name: Kim, Hyun-Suk
name: Kim, Sunkook
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biotechnology
classificationCode: 59999
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 80699
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Semiconductors processed at low temperature for complementary metal–oxide semiconductors (CMOS) devices are receiving considerable attention in the field of integrated electronic applications. In this work, we demonstrated a CMOS inverter constructed by n-type ZnON and p-type Te TFTs where all the processes have been done at low temperature. The electrical measurements of proposed TFTs exhibit high mobility (> 100 and > 3 cm2/Vs in case of ZnON and Te TFTs, respectively) and a stable on/off current ratio. The resulted CMOS inverter exhibits a high voltage swing and a high voltage gain of 15.89. Since all the synthesis and fabrication processes are performed at low temperatures with easy processing techniques, the results may open new opportunities in the field of integrated electronics field.
Best practices for sharing your OER with the world
Creators: name: Ruddock, Kathryn
name: Johnson, Rowena
name: Hurrell, Christie
Publisher: name: Libraries and Cultural Resources
Year: 2018
Subjects: OER
open educational resources
copyright
licensing
distribution

description: These are the slides from a workshop. Workshop description: Open Educational Resources (OER) are teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property licence that permits their free use and repurposing by others. OERs include full courses, course materials, modules, textbooks, streaming videos, tests, software, and any other tools, materials, or techniques used to support access to knowledge (Hewlett Foundation, 2017). This workshop will cover two important components of developing OERs: understanding the copyright and licensing issues involved in OER development and sharing, and deciding where to share OERs to maximize their discoverability and long-term preservation. Participants will leave the workshop with a checklist of items to consider when adopting, adapting, or creating an OER. It is aimed at individuals who are already developing, or who plan to develop, an OER. By the end of the workshop, participants will be able to: - Assess the copyright considerations of adopting, adapting or creating OERs - Determine an appropriate licence under which to share an OER - Identify open platforms on campus through which to share OERs
Kneelike structure in the spectrum of the heavy component of cosmic rays observed with KASCADE-Grande
Creators: name: Grande Collaboration
name: Apel, W. D.
name: Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C.
name: Bekk, K.
name: Bertaina, M.
name: Bluemer, J.
name: Bozdog, H.
name: Brancus, I. M.
name: Buchholz, P.
name: Cantoni3, E.
name: Chiavassa, A.
name: Cossavella, F.
name: Daumiller, K.
name: de Souza, V.
name: Di Pierro, F.
name: Doll, P.
name: Engel, R.
name: Engler, J.
name: Finger, M.
name: Fuhrmann, D.
name: Ghia, P. L.
name: Gils, H. J.
name: Glasstetter, R.
name: Grupen, C.
name: Haungs, A.
name: Heck, D.
name: Hoerandel, J. R.
name: Huber, D.
name: Huege, T.
name: Isar, P. G.
name: Kampert, K. -H.
name: Kang, D.
name: Klages, H. O.
name: Link, K.
name: Luczak, P.
name: Ludwig, M.
name: Mathes, H. J.
name: Mayer, H. J.
name: Melissas, M.
name: Milke, J.
name: Mitrica, B.
name: Morello, C.
name: Navarra, G.
name: Oehlschlaeger, J.
name: Ostapchenko, S.
name: Over, S.
name: Palmieri, N.
name: Petcu, M.
name: Pierog, T.
name: Rebel, H.
name: Roth, M.
name: Schieler, H.
name: Schroeder, F. G.
name: Sima, O.
name: Toma, G.
name: Trinchero, G. C.
name: Ulrich, H.
name: Weindl, A.
name: Wochele, J.
name: Wommer, M.
name: Zabierowski, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the observation of a steepening in the cosmic ray energy spectrum of heavy primary particles at about $8 \times 10^{16}$ eV. This structure is also seen in the all-particle energy spectrum, but is less significant. Whereas the `knee' of the cosmic ray spectrum at $3-5 \times 10^{15}$ eV was assigned to light primary masses by the KASCADE experiment, the new structure found by the KASCADE-Grande experiment is caused by heavy primaries. The result is obtained by independent measurements of the charged particle and muon components of the secondary particles of extensive air showers in the primary energy range of $10^{16}$ to $10^{18}$ eV. The data are analyzed on a single-event basis taking into account also the correlation of the two observables.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted by PRL, published October, 7th, 2011
Abstracting Failure-Inducing Inputs
Creators: name: Gopinath, Rahul
name: Kampmann, Alexander
name: Havrikov, Nikolas
name: Soremekun, Ezekiel
name: Zeller, Andreas
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: A program fails. Under which circumstances does the failure occur? Starting with a single failure-inducing input "The input '((4))' fails") and an input grammar, the DDSET algorithm uses systematic tests to automatically generalize the input to an _abstract failure-inducing input_ that contains both (concrete) terminal symbols and (abstract) nonterminal symbols from the grammar - for instance, "(())", which represents any expression in double parentheses. Such an abstract failure-inducing input can be used 1. as a *debugging diagnostic*, characterizing the circumstances under which a failure occurs ("The error occurs whenever an expression is enclosed in double parentheses"); 2. as a *producer* of additional failure-inducing tests to help design and validate fixes and repair candidates ("The inputs '((1))', '((3 * 4))', and many more also fail"). In its evaluation on real-world bugs in JavaScript, Clojure, Lua, and Coreutils, DDSET's abstract failure-inducing inputs provided to-the-point diagnostics, and precise producers for further failure inducing inputs.
Supercurrent induced domain wall motion
Creators: name: Sacramento, P. D.
name: Silva, L. C. Fernandes
name: Nunes, G. S.
name: Araujo, M. A. N.
name: Vieira, V. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of a magnetic domain wall, inserted in, or juxtaposed to, a conventional superconductor, via the passage of a spin polarized current through a FSF junction. Solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation of motion for the magnetic moments we calculate the velocity of the domain wall and compare it with the case of a FNF junction. We find that in several regimes the domain wall velocity is larger when it is driven by a supercurrent.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Spectral Properties and the Effect on Redshift Cut-off of Compact AGNs from the AT20G Survey
Creators: name: Chhetri, R.
name: Ekers, R. D.
name: Mahony, E. K.
name: Jones, P. A.
name: Massardi, M.
name: Ricci, R.
name: Sadler, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use high angular resolution data, measured from visibility of sources at the longest baseline of 4500 m of the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), for the Australia Telescope 20 GHz (AT20G) survey to obtain angular size information for > 94% of AT20G sources. We confirm the previous AT20G result that due to the high survey frequency of 20 GHz, the source population is strongly dominated by compact sources (79%). At 0.15 arcseconds angular resolution limit, we show a very strong correlation between the compact and extended sources with flat and steep-spectrum sources respectively. Thus, we provide a firm physical basis for the traditional spectral classification into flat and steep-spectrum sources to separate compact and extended sources. We find the cut-off of -0.46 to be optimum for spectral indices between 1 and 5 GHz and, hence, recommend the continued use of -0.5 for future studies. We study the effect of spectral curvature on redshift cut-off of compact AGNs using recently published redshift data. Using spectral indices at different frequencies, we correct for the redshift effect and produce restframe frequency spectra for compact sources for redshift up to ~5. We show that the flat spectra of most compact sources start to steepen at ~30 GHz. At higher frequencies, the spectra of both populations are steep so the use of spectral index does not separate the compact and extended source populations as well as in lower frequencies. We find that due to the spectral steepening, surveys of compact sources at higher frequencies (>5 GHz) will have redshift cut-off due to spectral curvature but at lower frequencies, the surveys are not significantly affected by spectral curvature, thus, the evidence for a strong redshift cut-off in AGNs found in lower frequency surveys is a real cut-off and not a result of K-correction.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 2 of The reliability, functional quality, understandability, and actionability of fall prevention content in YouTube: an observational study
Creators: name: Yang, Xinyi
name: Xue, Xiaoqiang
name: Shi, Ziqiu
name: Nan, Sha
name: Lian, Chengying
name: Ji, Zhigang
name: Xie, Yi
name: Liu, Xiaoxuan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
Electron spin resonance detected by a superconducting qubit
Creators: name: Kubo, Y.
name: Diniz, I.
name: Grezes, C.
name: Umeda, T.
name: Isoya, J.
name: Sumiya, H.
name: Yamamoto, T.
name: Abe, H.
name: Onoda, S.
name: Ohshima, T.
name: Jacques, V.
name: Dréau, A.
name: Roch, J. -F.
name: Auffeves, A.
name: Vion, D.
name: Esteve, D.
name: Bertet, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new method for detecting the magnetic resonance of electronic spins at low temperature is demonstrated. It consists in measuring the signal emitted by the spins with a superconducting qubit that acts as a single-microwave-photon detector, resulting in an enhanced sensitivity. We implement this new type of electron-spin resonance spectroscopy using a hybrid quantum circuit in which a transmon qubit is coupled to a spin ensemble consisting of NV centers in diamond. With this setup we measure the NV center absorption spectrum at 30mK at an excitation level of \thicksim15\,μ_{B} out of an ensemble of 10^{11} spins.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRX
Membership Inference Against DNA Methylation Databases
Creators: name: Hagestedt, Inken
name: Humbert, Mathias
name: Berrang, Pascal
name: Lehmann, Irina
name: Eils, Roland
name: Backes, Michael
name: Zhang, Yang
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Biomedical data sharing is one of the key elements fostering the advancement of biomedical research but poses severe risks towards the privacy of individuals contributing their data, as already demonstrated for genomic data. In this paper, we study whether and to which extent DNA methylation data, one of the most important epigenetic elements regulating human health, is prone to membership inference attacks, a critical type of attack that reveals an individual’s participation in a given database. We design and evaluate three different attacks exploiting published summary statistics, among which one is based on machine learning and another is exploiting the dependencies between genome and methylation data. Our extensive evaluation on six datasets containing a diverse set of tissues and diseases collected from more than 1,300 individuals in total shows that such membership inference attacks are effective, even when the target’s methylation profile is not accessible. It further shows that the machine-learning approach outperforms the statistical attacks, and that learned models are transferable across different datasets.
Tralfamadore : memory reconstruction, declarative dependency resolution, and parallelism
Creators: name: Head, Christopher Charles David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Tralfamadore is a platform for debugging and analyzing whole software systems, from the operating system up. Tralfamadore employs a novel mechanism for analysis in which, rather than interrupting and examining the system under test as it runs, the system is instead run to completion untouched then examined post-hoc. The system under test is run in a virtual machine which records its execution; analysis and debugging tools are then applied to the recorded execution trace data. Tralfamadore thus permits travelling both forward and backward through time while debugging, debugging systems that would not normally be able to be halted (such as those that communicate with time-sensitive external systems), and accurately reproducing a view of a system's execution even if that system has (maliciously or accidentally) corrupted its internal state. Tralfamadore also has a number of other potentially-interesting applications in aspect-oriented programming, forensic analysis, dynamic analysis, and customer-site bug reporting.
Participatory design of a biometrically-driven portable audio player
Creators: name: Himmetoğlu, Hikmet Gökhan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Music listening assumes a number of different forms and purposes for many people who live in a highly digitalized world. Where, how and what songs are listened to can be a highly personalized activity, as unique musical preferences and individual tastes play an important role in choice of music. Today’s portable media devices are high-capacity and easy to carry around, supporting quick access to a nearly unlimited library of media, in many use contexts in nearly any time or place. But these advantages come at a cost. Operating the music player while doing other things can involve a physical and mental demand that ranges from inconvenient to dangerous. The Haptic-Affect Loop (HALO) paradigm was introduced by Hazelton et al. (2010) to help users control portable media players by continuously inferring the user’s affective state and the player behaviour they desired through physiological signals. They proposed using the haptic modality to deliver feedback and gathered initial requirements from a single user. In this thesis, we present a qualitative participatory design study which broadens Hazelton’s single user participatory design study to include six participants. A more efficient means of obtaining information about a user is developed to support scaling to multiple participants. We then examined these users’ expectations for user-device communication and the functionality of the HALO paradigm, with the objective of identifying clusters of preferred uses for HALO. In this regard, we identified the behaviours of a proposed system that these users would find most useful, and that they would like to interact with. We collectively explored a set of exemplar implicit and explicit interaction scenarios for HALO, finding greater confidence in mechanisms that did not relinquish user control, but openness to trying more implicit control approaches where priority of control in listening music was lower than secondary tasks. The willingness to try more implicit control approaches depends on the reliability of the technology. Finally, we generated a set of interaction design guidelines for the next stage of HALO prototyping.
When does my Program do this? Learning Circumstances of Software Behavior
Creators: name: Kampmann, Alexander
name: Havrikov, Nikolas
name: Soremekun, Ezekiel
name: Zeller, Andreas
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: We introduce Alhazen—an approach that automatically determines the circumstances under which a particular program behavior, such as a failure, takes place. Alhazen starts with a run that exhibits this behavior and automatically determines _input features_ associated with the behavior in question: (1) We use a _grammar_ to parse the input into individual elements. (2) We determine _features_ from the elements such as existence, length, or numerical values. (3) We use a decision tree learner to _observe_ and _learn_ which input features are associated with the behavior in question. (4) We use the grammar to _generate additional inputs_ to further strengthen or refute hypotheses as learned associations. (5) By repeating steps 2 to 4, we obtain a _theory_ that explains and predicts the given behavior. In our evaluation using inputs for find, grep, NetHack, and a JavaScript transpiler, the theories produced by Alhazen predict and produce failures with high accuracy and allow developers to focus on a small set of input features: “grep fails whenever the --fixed-strings option is used in conjunction with an empty search string.”
La prima cattedra universitaria in Lingue Moderne negli Stati Uniti. Carlo Bellini (1734-1804) e il College of William and Mary
Creators: name: Bianco, Elisa
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2019
Subjects: L-LIN/02 Didattica delle lingue moderne

description: This paper aims to reconstruct the context in which the first chair of Modern Languages was established in the United States. The chair, which was created at the College of William and Mary in 1779 and entrusted to Charles Bellini, who had arrived in the New World with Philip Mazzei, is the result of various factors: on the one hand the Revolution, on the other the higher education system reform and Thomas Jefferson’s personal interests.
The frontier between Small-scale bipoles and Ephemeral Regions in the solar photosphere: Emergence and Decay of an Intermediate-scale bipole observed with IMaX/SUNRISE
Creators: name: Guglielmino, S. L.
name: Pillet, V. Martínez
name: Bonet, J. A.
name: Iniesta, J. Carlos del Toro
name: Rubio, L. R. Bellot
name: Solanki, S. K.
name: Schmidt, W.
name: Gandorfer, A.
name: Barthol, P.
name: Knölker, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the photospheric evolution of an intermediate-scale (~4 Mm footpoint separation) magnetic bipole, from emergence to decay, observed in the quiet Sun at high spatial 0".3 and temporal (33 s) resolution. The observations were acquired by the IMaX imaging magnetograph during the first science flight of the Sunrise balloon-borne solar observatory. The bipole flux content is 6 x 10^17 Mx, representing a structure bridging the gap between granular scale bipoles and the smaller ephemeral regions. Footpoints separate at a speed of 3.5 km s-1 and reach a maximum distance of 4.5 Mm before the field dissolves. The evolution of the bipole is revealed to be very dynamic: we found a proper motion of the bipole axis and detected a change of the azimuth angle of 90° in 300 seconds. The overall morphology and behaviour are in agreement with previous analyses of bipolar structures emerging at granular scale, but we also found several similarities with emerging flux structures at larger scale. The flux growth rate is 2.6 x 15 Mx s-1, while the mean decay rate is one order of magnitude smaller. We describe in some detail the decay phase of the bipole footpoints which includes break up into smaller structures, interaction with pre-existing fields leading to cancellation but appears to be dominated by an as-yet unidentified diffusive process that removes most of the flux with an exponential flux decay curve. The diffusion constant (8 x 10^2 km^2 s-1) associated with this decay is similar to the values used to describe the large scale diffusion in flux transport models.
description: in press for ApJ
Additional file 3 of The reliability, functional quality, understandability, and actionability of fall prevention content in YouTube: an observational study
Creators: name: Yang, Xinyi
name: Xue, Xiaoqiang
name: Shi, Ziqiu
name: Nan, Sha
name: Lian, Chengying
name: Ji, Zhigang
name: Xie, Yi
name: Liu, Xiaoxuan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3.
START – evaluating a novel assessment of consultant readiness in paediatrics: The entry not the exit
Creators: name: Reece, Ashley
name: Foard, Lucy
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) incepted a new end-of-training assessment in 2012, known as START, the Speciality Trainee Assessment of Readiness for Tenure [as a Consultant]. It is a novel, formative, multi-scenario, OSCE-style, out-of-workplace assessment using unseen scenarios with generic, external assessors undertaken in the trainees’ penultimate training year. This study considers whether this assessment assists in preparing senior paediatric trainees for consultant working. A mixed qualitative and quantitative study in the post-positivist paradigm was designed. Subjects were paediatricians who have taken START and completed their paediatric training. Methods were an on-line questionnaire survey and a key informant interview. The assessment is viewed positively, but some trainees report negative experiences. They find value in the formative feedback which generally helps direct trainees towards focussing their training in their final year before ending their training and consultant appointment. For many respondents, the assessment highlighted areas for further development, was relevant for consultant working and useful for consultant interview preparation. Of least value was travelling, cost, assessor performance, feedback quality, feeling like a summative exam and sub-speciality involvement. Many respondents felt the assessment highlighted areas to develop in their subsequent training. Overall START supports transition to consultant working.
Medical education from the point of view of medical students: Results from four participatory Delphi panels in Quito, Ecuador
Creators: name: P. D. Estrella Porter
name: J. F. Ayala Mullo
name: D. A. Barba Carrera
name: A. X. Barros Castro
name: E. S. Cabascango Vasquez
name: J. C. Del Castillo Arellano
name: P. X. Condo Espinel
name: E. G. Eid Arellano
name: J. A. Estrella Porter
name: A. C. Falconi Paez
name: M. C. Fierro Valle
name: P. J. Gallegos Miranda
name: A. R. Guerra Velastegui
name: D. C. Guevara Baez
name: B. D. Jara Santamaria
name: J. A. Lopez Diaz
name: J. C. Mejia Viana
name: G. F. Moya Quitto
name: P. M. Muenala
name: T. C. Muenala
name: B. I. Nicolalde López
name: A. D. Oquendo Carrera
name: A. L. Ordoñez Paz
name: E. F. Ortiz Duque
name: M. C. Palacios Granda
name: N. S. Pantoja Borja
name: S. E. Puga Martinez
name: C. J. Rueda Ordoñez
name: L. P. Soto Gutierrez
name: G. E. Tixi Tapia
name: M. B. Torres Moscoso
name: M. A. Vaca Porras
name: M. I. Viteri Suárez
name: J. R. Guillemot
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Medical curricula have historically been designed in a top-down approach, usually excluding students. While Delphi panels have been used as a tool for medical education curricula design, none have been conducted in Ecuador. In addition, no such approach has ever included students both as panelists and researchers. Four Delphi panels were developed and conducted using a participatory approach that allowed medical students to take part both as expert panelists and researchers: specifically, students developed the questionnaire and conducted a qualitative synthesis. Questionnaire responses were anonymized and dispatched online to panelists. The information was organized and collected to develop the qualitative syntheses and prepare the final statements. Thirty-two medical students participated between February and May 2018. A total of 32 questions were developed, corresponding to five different categories. For some questions, consensus was reached; for other questions, general statements were obtained. Discussion and conclusion: Developing the questionnaire, responding to it and analyzing the answers allowed students to raise significant concerns regarding medical education topics proposing relevant policy and curricula change. Participatory Delphi panels can be an efficient tool to obtain organized feedback, improve student class involvement, and promote research skills.
SENG, the SGX-Enforcing Network Gateway: Authorizing Communication from Shielded Clients
Creators: name: Schwarz, Fabian
name: Rossow, Christian
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Network administrators face a security-critical dilemma. While they want to tightly contain their hosts, they usually have to relax firewall policies to support a large variety of applications. However, liberal policies like this enable data exfiltration by unknown (and untrusted) client applications. An inability to attribute communication accurately and reliably to applications is at the heart of this problem. Firewall policies are restricted to coarse-grained features that are easy to evade and mimic, such as protocols or port numbers. We present SENG, a network gateway that enables firewalls to reliably attribute traffic to an application. SENG shields an application in an SGX-tailored LibOS and transparently establishes an attestation-based DTLS channel between the SGX enclave and the central network gateway. Consequently, administrators can perfectly attribute traffic to its originating application, and thereby enforce fine-grained per-application communication policies at a central firewall. Our prototype implementation demonstrates that SENG (i) allows administrators to readily use their favorite firewall to enforce network policies on a certified per-application basis and (ii) prevents local system-level attackers from interfering with the shielded application's communication.
Chemical Differentiation toward the Pipe Nebula Starless Cores
Creators: name: Frau, P.
name: Girart, J. M.
name: Beltran, M. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We used the new IRAM 30-m FTS backend to perform an unbiased ~15 GHz wide survey at 3 mm toward the Pipe Nebula young diffuse starless cores. We found an unexpectedly rich chemistry. We propose a new observational classification based on the 3 mm molecular line emission normalized by the core visual extinction (Av). Based on this classification, we report a clear differentiation in terms of chemical composition and of line emission properties, which served to define three molecular core groups. The "diffuse" cores, Av~22, show typical evolved chemistry prior to the onset of the star formation process, with nitrogenated and deuterated species, as well as carbon chain molecules. Based on these categories, one of the "diffuse" cores (Core 47) has the spectral line properties of the "oxo-sulfurated" ones, which suggests that it is a possible failed core.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 5 pages, 2 figures
User Mental Models of Cryptocurrency Systems - A Grounded Theory Approach
Creators: name: Mai, Alexandra
name: Pfeffer, Katharina
name: Gusenbauer, Matthias
name: Weippl, Edgar
name: Krombholz, Katharina
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Frequent reports of monetary loss, fraud, and user-caused security incidents in the context of cryptocurrencies emphasize the need for human-centered research in this domain. We contribute the first qualitative user study (N=29) on user mental models of cryptocurrency systems and the associated threat landscape. Using Grounded Theory, we reveal misconceptions affecting users' security and privacy. Our results suggest that current cryptocurrency tools (e.g., wallets and exchanges) are not capable of counteracting threats caused by these misconceptions. Hence, users frequently fail to securely manage their private keys or assume to be anonymous when they are not. Based on our findings, we contribute actionable advice, grounded in the mental models of users, to improve the usability and secure usage of cryptocurrency systems.
Rituals of power : the Roman imperial admission from the Severans to the fourth century
Creators: name: Lindholmer, Mads Ortving
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ritual
subject: Ceremonial
subject: Roman emperor
subject: Salutatio
subject: Adoratio
subject: Admission
subject: Power
subject: Severans
subject: Late antiquity
subject: Cassius Dio
subject: Historia Augusta
subject: Claudius Mamertinus
subject: DG271.L5
subject: Ritual--Rome
subject: Imperialism--Social aspects--Rome--History
subject: Rome--Politics and government--30 B.C.-476 A.D.
subject: Rome--History--Empire, 30 B.C.-476 A.D.

description: My PhD analyses the imperial “admission” (the so-called “salutatio” and “adoratio”) from the Severans to Constantine and argues that this ritual played an active role in the construction of imperial power. Chapter 1, 2 and 4 focus on the development of the admission from the first century to Constantine I and provide a detailed reconstruction. Drawing on Clifford Geertz’s interpretive approach, I argue that the admission during the Principate presented the emperor as a traditional primus inter pares and that this continued under the Severans. This continuity heightened Severan power and legitimacy. The presentation of the emperor in his admission changed markedly in Late Antiquity as the monarchic and divine qualities of the emperor were stressed, which contributed to a thorough reorientation of the narrative of imperial power and legitimacy. The field of embodied cognition illuminates how such narratives were internalised by participants. Despite these discontinuities, elements of continuity between the Late Antique admission and the Principate persisted, and I argue that the imperial “salutatio” and “adoratio” were two manifestations of a long tradition of imperial admissions. In Chapter 3, 5 and 6, this institutional focus is paired with an exploration of how Cassius Dio, Claudius Mamertinus and the Historia Augusta’s anonymous author used the admission. I argue that this ritual plays a central role in all these authors’ construction of the good emperor, especially when emphasising the importance of civilitas. These authors’ literary representations of the admission also aimed to shape its ritual narrative, thereby undermining or supporting imperial self-presentation. This highlights that not only the emperor but also the elite could derive power from the admission. This is supported by Chapter 7 which argues that participation in the admission ensured the elite influence and power, since this ritual constituted a highly reliable context for petitioning the emperor.