cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The origin of dust in galaxies across cosmic time
Creators: name: Triani, Dian P.
name: Sinha, Manodeep
name: Croton, Darren J.
name: Pacifici, Camilla
name: Dwek, Eli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dust evolution in galaxies by implementing a detailed dust prescription in the SAGE semi-analytical model for galaxy formation. The new model, called Dusty SAGE, follows the condensation of dust in the ejecta of type II supernovae and asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, grain growth in the dense molecular clouds, destruction by supernovae shocks, and the removal of dust from the ISM by star formation, reheating, inflows and outflows. Our model successfully reproduces the observed dust mass function at redshift z = 0 and the observed scaling relations for dust across a wide range of redshifts. We find that the dust mass content in the present Universe is mainly produced via grain growth in the interstellar medium (ISM). By contrast, in the early Universe, the primary production mechanism for dust is the condensation in stellar ejecta. The shift of the significant production channel for dust characterises the scaling relations of dust-to-gas (DTG) and dust-to-metal (DTM) ratios. In galaxies where the grain growth dominates, we find positive correlations for DTG and DTM ratios with both metallicity and stellar mass. On the other hand, in galaxies where dust is produced primarily via condensation, we find negative or no correlation for DTM and DTG ratios with either metallicity or stellar mass. In agreement with observation showing that the circumgalactic medium (CGM) contains more dust than the ISM, our model also shows the same trend for z < 4. Our semi-analytic model is publicly available at https: //github.com/dptriani/dusty-sage.
description: 19 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Tennessee Beef Cattle Farmers’ Preferences Regarding Marketing Tennessee Certified Beef
Creators: name: Jensen, Kimberly L.
name: Griffith, Andrew P.
name: DeLong, Karen L.
name: McLeod, Elizabeth M.
name: Jensen, Kimberly L.
name: Griffith, Andrew P.
name: DeLong, Karen L.
name: McLeod, Elizabeth M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Multinomial logit
subject: Beef Cattle Farmer Survey
subject: Local Beef

description: There is considerable farmer interest in finishing cattle and selling them through a Tennessee Certified Beef (TCB) Program. Given this level of interest, it is helpful to better understand how beef cattle farmers might prefer to sell their TCB cattle (e.g., private contracts, marketing cooperative, processing cooperative). This study uses a multinomial logit model and data from a 2016 beef cattle farmer survey to estimate influences on the probability of selecting a particular marketing arrangement. The most commonly selected marketing arrangement was a processing cooperative (42.99 percent), followed by a marketing cooperative (38.55 percent), and private contracting (18.46 percent).
Phintella bifurcilinea
Creators: name: Peng, Xianjin
name: Li, Shuqiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2003
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Phintella
Phintella bifurcilinea

description: Phintella bifurcilinea (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)
 Material examined. – 1 male (IZCAS), Sac Ha Village, Cao Bang Province, Vietnam, 17 Dec.2000; 2 males (IZCAS), Viet Lann Village, Ha Jiang Province, Vietnam, 17 Dec.2000.
 Distribution. – Vietnam (Sac Ha Village, Cao Bang Province; Viet Lann Village, Ha Jiang Province), Japan, China, Korea.
description: Published as part of Peng, Xianjin & Li, Shuqiang, 2003, New Localities And One New Species Of Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) From Northern Vietnam, pp. 21-24 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4618732
Ultrafast photochromism and bacteriochromism in one dimensional hybrid plasmonic photonic structures
Creators: name: Scotognella, Francesco
name: Paternò, Giuseppe M.
name: Kriegel, Ilka
name: Bonfadini, Silvio
name: Moscardi, Liliana
name: Criante, Luigino
name: Donini, Stefano
name: Ariodanti, Davide
name: Zani, Maurizio
name: Parisini, Emilio
name: Lanzani, Guglielmo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hybrid plasmonic photonic structures combine the plasmonic response with the photonic band gap, holding promise for utilization as optical switches and sensors. Here, we demonstrate the active modulation of the optical response in such structures with two different external stimuli, e.g. laser pulses and bacteria. First, we report the fabrication of a miniaturized (5 x 5 mm) indium tin oxide (ITO) grating employing femtosecond laser micromachining, and we show the possibility to modulate the photonic band gap in the visible via ultrafast photoexcitation in the infrared part of the spectrum. Note that the demonstrated time response in the picosecond range of the spectral modulation have an industrial relevance. Moreover, we manufacture one-dimensional photonic crystals consisting of a solution-processed dielectric Bragg stack exposing a top-layer of bio-active silver. We assign the bacterial responsivity of the system to polarization charges at the Ag/bacterium interface, giving rise to an overall blue shift of the photonic band gap.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Simultaneous Generation of Direct- and Indirect-Gap Photoluminescence in Multilayer MoS2 Bubbles
Creators: name: Luo, Hailan
name: Li, Xuanyi
name: Zhao, Yanchong
name: Yang, Rong
name: Hao, Yufeng
name: Gao, Yu-nan
name: Shi, Norman N.
name: Guo, Yang
name: Liu, Guodong
name: Zhao, Lin
name: Wang, Qingyan
name: Zhang, Zhongshan
name: Sun, Jiatao
name: Zhou, Xingjiang
name: Huang, Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials have received enormous attention due to their extraodinary optical and electrical properties, among which MoS2 is the most typical one. As thickness increases from monolayer to multilayer, the photoluminescence (PL) of MoS2 is gradually quenched due to the direct-to-indirect band gap transition. How to enhance PL response and decrease the layer dependence in multilayer MoS2 is still a challenging task. In this work, we report, for the first time, simultaneous generation of three PL peaks at around 1.3, 1.4 and 1.8 eV on multilayer MoS2 bubbles. The temperature dependent PL measurements indicate that the two peaks at 1.3 and 1.4 eV are phonon-assisted indirect-gap transitions while the peak at 1.8 eV is the direct-gap transition. Using first-principles calculations, the band structure evolution of multilayer MoS2 under strain is studied, from which the origin of the three PL peaks of MoS2 bubbles is further confirmed. Moreover, PL standing waves are observed in MoS2 bubbles that creates Newton-Ring-like patterns. This work demonstrates that the bubble structure may provide new opportunities for engineering the electronic structure and optical properties of layered materials.
Phintella debilis
Creators: name: Peng, Xianjin
name: Li, Shuqiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2003
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Phintella
Phintella debilis

description: Phintella debilis (Thorell, 1891)
 Material examined. – 1 female (IZCAS), Viet Lann Village, Ha Jiang Province, Vietnam, 10 Dec.2000; 1 male, 1 female (IZCAS), Viet Lann Village, Ha Jiang Province, Vietnam, 10 Dec.2000.
 Distribution. – Vietnam (Viet Lann Village, Ha Jiang Province), India to Java.
description: Published as part of Peng, Xianjin & Li, Shuqiang, 2003, New Localities And One New Species Of Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) From Northern Vietnam, pp. 21-24 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4618732
Spontaneous decay dynamics in atomically doped carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Bondarev, I. V.
name: Lambin, Ph.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a strictly non-exponential spontaneous decay dynamics of an excited two-level atom placed inside or at different distances outside a carbon nanotube (CN). This is the result of strong non-Markovian memory effects arising from the rapid variation of the photonic density of states with frequency near the CN. The system exhibits vacuum-field Rabi oscillations, a principal signature of strong atom-vacuum-field coupling, when the atom is close enough to the nanotube surface and the atomic transition frequency is in the vicinity of the resonance of the photonic density of states. Caused by decreasing the atom-field coupling strength, the non-exponential decay dynamics gives place to the exponential one if the atom moves away from the CN surface. Thus, atom-field coupling and the character of the spontaneous decay dynamics, respectively, may be controlled by changing the distance between the atom and CN surface by means of a proper preparation of atomically doped CNs. This opens routes for new challenging nanophotonics applications of atomically doped CN systems as various sources of coherent light emitted by dopant atoms.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Prevalence of clinically actionable disease variants in exceptionally long-lived families
Creators: name: Carlson, Paige
name: Wojczynski, Mary K.
name: Druley, Todd
name: Lee, Joseph H.
name: Zmuda, Joseph M.
name: Thyagarajan, Bharat
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Genes evaluated for previously classified pathogenic mutations.
Adopting Bio-Energy Crops: Does Farmers’ Attitude toward Loss Matter?
Creators: name: Anand, Mohit
name: Miao, Ruiqing
name: Khanna, Madhu
name: Anand, Mohit
name: Miao, Ruiqing
name: Khanna, Madhu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Adoption,
subject: Bio-Energy Crops,
subject: Loss Aversion,
subject: Miscanthus,
subject: Prospect Theory,
subject: Switchgrass,

description: This paper investigates farmers’ willingness to grow bio-energy crops (namely, miscanthus and switchgrass) while accounting for their preferences toward loss. We model a representative farmer’s optimal land allocation problem between conventional crops and bio-energy crops by employing the prospect theory. Numerical simulation is conducted for 1,919 U.S. counties east of the 100th Meridian that have yield data for corn and for at least one bio-energy crop. Results show that all else equal, if farmers are credit constrained then accounting for loss aversion will decrease the miscanthus production but increase switchgrass production. If farmers are not credit constrained, however, then accounting for loss aversion only has small impact on bio-energy crop production, indicating that the availability of credit mitigates the effect of farmers’ loss preferences. We also find that biomass production on marginal land is less sensitive to farmers’ loss aversion than production on high quality land is, which underscores the importance of marginal land in providing biomass for the bio-energy and bio-product sector. Moreover, results show that impact of loss aversion is smaller when interest rate is low as compare to scenarios under which interest rate is high. Geographical configuration of biomass production under various loss aversion, credit constraint, and interest rate scenarios are examined as well.
USA Today Poll: Air Travel
Creators: name: USA Today
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Airline de-regulations(7); airline mergers(6); evaluation of airports(4); personal airline experiences(1); rating airport and airplane problems (7); rating airlines(10); compare U.S. air travel with foreign air travel(1); opinions toward and experiences with airline scheduling and booking(11); airline safety(1); travel agents(3).
Additional file 6 of Identification of key genes and pathways associated with feed efficiency of native chickens based on transcriptome data via bioinformatics analysis
Creators: name: Yang, Lei
name: Tingting He
name: Fengliang Xiong
name: Xianzhen Chen
name: Xinfeng Fan
name: Sihua Jin
name: Geng, Zhaoyu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6: Table S6. Forward and reverse primers for RNA-seq validation through qPCR
When does real become consequential in non-hypothetical choice experiments?
Creators: name: Chavez, Daniel E.
name: Palma, Marco A.
name: Nayga Jr., Rodolfo M.
name: Chavez, Daniel E.
name: Palma, Marco A.
name: Nayga Jr., Rodolfo M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Choice Experiments
subject: Eye Tracking
subject: Hypothetical bias
subject: Induced values

description: The proneness of stated preference choice experiments to hypothetical bias has increased the popularity of incentivized or real discrete choice experiments (RDCE). One challenge that practitioners face when designing RDCE is that some of the product alternatives may not be available for the study. To avoid deception, researchers should truthfully inform respondents that only a certain percentage of the product alternatives is available for the experiment. But would the proportion of available products influence the results of the RDCE? Using an induced value choice experiment, we varied the number of potentially binding alternatives in four treatments: 0%, 33%, 66%, and 100% to assess the effect of availability of product alternatives on choice behavior. We designed the induced value experiment with a profit maximization optimal strategy for agents (i.e., with a unique known profit-maximizing alternative). Our results suggest that incentives matter in that the percentage of optimal choices was lowest in the 0% treatment. Interestingly, however, we did not find statistically significant differences in amount of optimal choices in the 33%, 66%, and 100% treatments, suggesting that one could conduct an incentivized RDCE without the need to have all the product alternatives be made available in the study.
EXAMINING OUTCOME EXPECTANCIES FOR SMOKING VS. ABSTINENCE AMONG ADULT DAILY SMOKERS
Creators: name: Kaufmann, Amanda (Lily)
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Motivational interviewing theory (DiClemente et al., 1991) suggests that when making a decision, we consider the possible outcomes for both a primary choice and an alternative choice. The decision to quit smoking is thus influenced by quit expectancies and smoking expectancies. While smoking expectancies have been emphasized in past research, less attention has been paid to abstinence expectancies. The present study examined the predictive utility of smoking and abstinence expectancies together for smoking motivation and behavior at baseline and one-month follow-up. Outcomes included motivation to quit, contemplation status, and average daily smoking rate. Data was collected for 211 adult daily smokers at baseline and 187 at follow-up. Baseline positive and negative smoking expectancies, as well as positive abstinence expectancies, uniquely predicted concurrent motivation to quit and contemplation status. There was no relation between baseline expectancies and smoking rate, nor did baseline expectancies predict outcomes at one-month follow-up.
USA Today Poll: Reagan-Gorbachev Summit
Creators: name: USA Today
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Daniloff and the Zahkarov spy controversies(5); the summit and its connection to the spy controversy(2); Reagan job performance(1); issues of importance in Icelandic summit(12); perceptions of military strength of the superpowers(5); AIDS(7).
Identification of Patterns in Cosmic-Ray Arrival Directions using Dynamic Graph Convolutional Neural Networks
Creators: name: Bister, Teresa
name: Erdmann, Martin
name: Glombitza, Jonas
name: Langner, Niklas
name: Schulte, Josina
name: Wirtz, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new approach for the identification of ultra-high energy cosmic rays from sources using dynamic graph convolutional neural networks. These networks are designed to handle sparsely arranged objects and to exploit their short- and long-range correlations. Our method searches for patterns in the arrival directions of cosmic rays, which are expected to result from coherent deflections in cosmic magnetic fields. The network discriminates astrophysical scenarios with source signatures from those with only isotropically distributed cosmic rays and allows for the identification of cosmic rays that belong to a deflection pattern. We use simulated astrophysical scenarios where the source density is the only free parameter to show how density limits can be derived. We apply this method to a public data set from the AGASA Observatory.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
Phintella versicolor
Creators: name: Peng, Xianjin
name: Li, Shuqiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2003
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Phintella
Phintella versicolor

description: Phintella versicolor (C. L. Koch, 1846)
 Material examined. – 1 female (IZCAS), Quang Hoa, Cao Bang Province, Vietnam, 18 Dec.2000; 1 female (ZRC), Van Hoa Village, Sac Tay Province, Vietnam, 24 Dec.2000; 1 female (ZRC), Viet Lamn Village, Ha Jiang Province, Vietnam, 10 Dec.2000; 1 female (IZCAS), Sac Ha Village, Cao Bang Province, Vietnam, 17 Dec.2000; 2 males (IZCAS), Tan Linh Village, Bavi District, Son Tay Province, Vietnam, 23 Dec.2000.
 Distribution. – Vietnam (Quang Hoa, Cao Bang Province; Van Hoa Village, Sac Tay Province; Viet Lann Village, Ha Jiang Province; Sac Ha Village, Cao Bang Province; Tan Linh Village, Bavi District, Son Tay Province), China, Korea, Japan, Sumatra, Hawaii.
description: Published as part of Peng, Xianjin & Li, Shuqiang, 2003, New Localities And One New Species Of Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) From Northern Vietnam, pp. 21-24 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (1) on pages 23-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4618732
Ostwald growth rate in controlled Covid-19 epidemic spreading as in arrested growth in quantum complex matter
Creators: name: Bianconi, Antonio
name: Marcelli, Augusto
name: Campi, Gaetano
name: Perali, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Here, we focus on the data analysis of the growth of epidemic spread of Covid-19 in countries where different policies of containment were activated. It is known that the growth of pandemic spread at its threshold is exponential, but it is not known how to quantify the success of different containment policies. We identify that a successful approach gives an arrested phase regime following the Ostwald growth, where, over the course of time, one phase transforms into another metastable phase with a similar free energy as observed in oxygen interstitial diffusion in quantum complex matter and in crystallization of proteins. We introduce the s factor which provides a quantitative measure of the efficiency and speed of the adopted containment policy, which is very helpful not only to monitor the Covid-19 pandemic spread but also for other countries to choose the best containment policy. The results show that a policy based on joint confinement, targeted tests, and tracking positive cases is the most rapid pandemic containment policy; in fact, we found values of 9, 5, and 31 for the success s factor for China, South Korea, and Italy, respectively, where the lowest s factor indicates the best containment policy
description: 2 figures, 7 pages
title: An integrated proteomic and metabolomic approach to investigate cerebral ischemic preconditioning
Creators: name: Scornavacca, Giacomo Maria
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2013

description: The molecular mechanism that leads to ischemic preconditioning and hence to ischemic tolerance, are not completely understood although it is clear that multiple effectors and pathways contribute to the instauration of this neuroprotective profile. To study the mechanism/pathway involved in the ischemic tolerance, brain proteins, plasma proteins and plasma metabolites were analyzed in preconditioning stimulus (7'Middle Cerebral Artery occlusion or 7'MCAo), in severe stroke and (permanent Middle Cerebral Artery occlusion or pMCAo) and in preconditioned (7'MCAo/pMCAo) mouse model. A conventional 2-DE approach was used to study technical replicates of pooled brain proteins revealing an involvement of energy metabolism, mitochondrial electron transport, synaptic vesicle transport and antioxidant processes; moreover network analysis suggested an involvement of the androgen receptor that was validated on technical replicates of pooled brain proteins by western blot analysis revealing an increased expression in preconditioned stimulus animals (7'MCAo). Plasma proteins were analyzed using a i-DE LC-MS/MS approach on technical replicates of pooled plasma proteins revealing decreased levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and increased levels of insuline like growth factor acid labile subunit (IGFALS), which expression was paralleled by increased insulin like growth factor 1 (IGFi) plasma concentration, as validated by ELISA on biological replicates, in preconditioning stimulus animals (7'MCAo). Finally an untarget metabolomics analysis was applied to technical replicates of pooled plasma proteins revealing fatty acid oxidation and branched-chain aminoacid metabolism as the main biological processes modulated in ischemic tolerance and highlighted an involvement of the aminoacid leucine, carnitine esters and adenosine. The results described in this thesis represents the first application of both proteomic and metabolomic approaches in cerebral ischemic sets, highlighting the androgen receptor as an important mediator between proteins and metabolites and adding new evidence to the current knowledge on ischemic preconditioning that may represent a starting point for future experiments on investigating candidate pathways that relate to the Androgen receptor.
EXAMINING OUTCOME EXPECTANCIES FOR SMOKING VS. ABSTINENCE AMONG ADULT DAILY SMOKERS
Creators: name: Kaufmann, Amanda (Lily)
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Motivational interviewing theory (DiClemente et al., 1991) suggests that when making a decision, we consider the possible outcomes for both a primary choice and an alternative choice. The decision to quit smoking is thus influenced by quit expectancies and smoking expectancies. While smoking expectancies have been emphasized in past research, less attention has been paid to abstinence expectancies. The present study examined the predictive utility of smoking and abstinence expectancies together for smoking motivation and behavior at baseline and one-month follow-up. Outcomes included motivation to quit, contemplation status, and average daily smoking rate. Data was collected for 211 adult daily smokers at baseline and 187 at follow-up. Baseline positive and negative smoking expectancies, as well as positive abstinence expectancies, uniquely predicted concurrent motivation to quit and contemplation status. There was no relation between baseline expectancies and smoking rate, nor did baseline expectancies predict outcomes at one-month follow-up.
On moments of $|ζ(1/2+it)|$ in short intervals
Creators: name: Ivić, Aleksandar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M06

description: Power moments of $$ J_k(t,G) = {1\over\sqrtπG} \int_{-\infty}^\infty |ζ(1/2 + it + iu)|^{2k}{\rm e}^{-(u/G)^2} du \qquad(t \asymp T, T^ε\le G \ll T),$$ where $k$ is a natural number, are investigated. The results that are obtained are used to show how bounds for $\int_0^T|ζ(1/2+it)|^{2k} dt$ may be obtained.
description: 20 pages
Progressive Object Transfer Detection
Creators: name: Chen, Hao
name: Wang, Yali
name: Wang, Guoyou
name: Bai, Xiang
name: Qiao, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent development of object detection mainly depends on deep learning with large-scale benchmarks. However, collecting such fully-annotated data is often difficult or expensive for real-world applications, which restricts the power of deep neural networks in practice. Alternatively, humans can detect new objects with little annotation burden, since humans often use the prior knowledge to identify new objects with few elaborately-annotated examples, and subsequently generalize this capacity by exploiting objects from wild images. Inspired by this procedure of learning to detect, we propose a novel Progressive Object Transfer Detection (POTD) framework. Specifically, we make three main contributions in this paper. First, POTD can leverage various object supervision of different domains effectively into a progressive detection procedure. Via such human-like learning, one can boost a target detection task with few annotations. Second, POTD consists of two delicate transfer stages, i.e., Low-Shot Transfer Detection (LSTD), and Weakly-Supervised Transfer Detection (WSTD). In LSTD, we distill the implicit object knowledge of source detector to enhance target detector with few annotations. It can effectively warm up WSTD later on. In WSTD, we design a recurrent object labelling mechanism for learning to annotate weakly-labeled images. More importantly, we exploit the reliable object supervision from LSTD, which can further enhance the robustness of target detector in the WSTD stage. Finally, we perform extensive experiments on a number of challenging detection benchmarks with different settings. The results demonstrate that, our POTD outperforms the recent state-of-the-art approaches.
description: TIP 2019
Dominant role of orbital splitting in determining cathode potential in $O3$ $NaTMO_2$ compounds
Creators: name: Assadi, M. H. N.
name: Shigeta, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Designing high potential cathodes for Na-ion batteries, which are comparable in performance to Li-ion cathodes, remains a challenging task. Through comprehensive density functional calculations, we disentangle the relationship between the cathode potential and the ionicity of $TM-O$ bonds in $O3$ $NaTMO_2$ compounds in which TM ions is a fourth- or fifth-row transition metal. We demonstrate that the magnetic exchange interaction and the local distortions in the coordination environment of TM ions play more significant roles in determining the cathode potential of the $TM^{3+}$ $\to$ $TM^{4+}+ e^-$ reaction than the ionicity of the $TM-O$ bonds in these compounds. These results indicate that designing cathode materials solely based on empirical electronegativity values to achieve high potential may not be a feasible strategy without taking into account a detailed structural assessment.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, journal article
Hypergraph Optimization for Multi-structural Geometric Model Fitting
Creators: name: Lin, Shuyuan
name: Xiao, Guobao
name: Yan, Yan
name: Suter, David
name: Wang, Hanzi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, some hypergraph-based methods have been proposed to deal with the problem of model fitting in computer vision, mainly due to the superior capability of hypergraph to represent the complex relationship between data points. However, a hypergraph becomes extremely complicated when the input data include a large number of data points (usually contaminated with noises and outliers), which will significantly increase the computational burden. In order to overcome the above problem, we propose a novel hypergraph optimization based model fitting (HOMF) method to construct a simple but effective hypergraph. Specifically, HOMF includes two main parts: an adaptive inlier estimation algorithm for vertex optimization and an iterative hyperedge optimization algorithm for hyperedge optimization. The proposed method is highly efficient, and it can obtain accurate model fitting results within a few iterations. Moreover, HOMF can then directly apply spectral clustering, to achieve good fitting performance. Extensive experimental results show that HOMF outperforms several state-of-the-art model fitting methods on both synthetic data and real images, especially in sampling efficiency and in handling data with severe outliers.
Price Determination in the U.S. Oats Market: Rational VS. Adaptive Expectations
Creators: name: Goss, Barry A.
name: Avsar, S. Gulay
name: Chan, Siang-Choo
name: Goss, Barry A.
name: Avsar, S. Gulay
name: Chan, Siang-Choo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries
Demand and Price Analysis

description: This paper develops a simultaneous rational expectations model of the U.S. oats market, with categories of agents which include hedgers, speculators and consumers. The post sample forecasts of the spot price derived from this model are employed to test the semi-strong form efficient markets hypothesis (EMH). These results are compared with those for a similar model which uses adaptive expectations. Forecasts derived from the rational model do not outperform the forward (futures) price as a predictor of the spot price, although an adaptive model-futures price composite predictor significantly outperforms the futures price, and hence contains evidence against the EMH.
Phintella vittata
Creators: name: Peng, Xianjin
name: Li, Shuqiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2003
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Phintella
Phintella vittata

description: Phintella vittata (C. L. Koch, 1846)
 Material examined. – 1 female (IZCAS), Tab Linch Village, Son Tay Province, Vietnam, 24 Nov.2000; 1 female (ZRC), Viet Lann Village, Ha Jiang Province, Vietnam, 10 Dec.2000; 1 female (ZRC), Viet Lann Village, Ha Jiang Province, Vietnam, 10 Dec.2000.
 Distribution. – Vietnam (Tab Linch Village, Son Tay Province; Viet Lann Village, Ha Jiang Province), India to Philippines.
description: Published as part of Peng, Xianjin & Li, Shuqiang, 2003, New Localities And One New Species Of Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) From Northern Vietnam, pp. 21-24 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4618732
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Vacancy Cluster Formation in β- and α-$Si_3N_4$
Creators: name: Adabifiroozjaei, E.
name: Mofarah, S. S.
name: Ma, H.
name: Jiang, Y.
name: Assadi, M. H. N.
name: Suzuki, T. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular dynamics simulation is used to study vacancy cluster formation in $β$- and $α$-$Si_3N_4$ with varying vacancy contents (0 - 25.6 at%). Vacancies are randomly created in supercells, which were subsequently heat-treated for 114 nanoseconds. The results show that both $β$ and $α$ can tolerate vacancies up to 12.8 at% and form clusters, confirming previous experimental data indicating 8 at% vacancy in $α$-$Si_3N_4$. However, 25.6 at% vacancy in $β$ results in complete amorphization, while the same amount in $α$ results in a transformation of a semi-amorphous $α$ phase to a defective $β$ phase, leading to the removal of the clusters in newly formed $β$. This clearly explains why cluster vacancies are not experimentally observed in $β$, considering that $β$-$Si_3N_4$ ceramics are produced from $α$. Furthermore, the lattice parameters of both modifications increase with increasing vacancy content, revealing the cause of different lattice constants that were previously reported for $α$-$Si_3N_4$.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, journal article
The catalogue of OB associations in IC 1613
Creators: name: Borissova, J.
name: Kurtev, R.
name: Georgiev, L.
name: Rosado, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a catalogue of OB associations in IC 1613. Using an automatic and objective method (Battinelli's 1991 technique) 60 objects were found. The size distribution reveals a significant peak at about 60 parsecs if a distance modulus of 24.27 mag is assumed. Spatial distributions of the detected associations and H II regions are strongly correlated.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, A&A accepted
Flexibly Nested Production Functions: Implementation for MONASH
Creators: name: McDougall, R. A.
name: McDougall, R. A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Production Economics

description: This paper describes the implementation for the MONASH model of a scheme for flexible nesting of production functions. The scheme supports substitution in production between different commodities and between commodities and primary factors, which the standard ORANI production system does not. Thus it supports more flexible functional forms than standard ORANI. More importantly, this treatment supports not just a single functional form but a wide variety of functional forms, built up by the nesting of CES aggregator functions. The number of CES aggregator functions, their membership, and the depth of nesting are all arbitrary. These features of the nesting structure are now specified not in the theoretical structure in the database. Thus the production structure can readily be modified to meet the special requirements of individual applications. We illustrate the use of the flexible nesting treatment with an application to inter-fuel and energy-capital substitution.
Import Price and Activity Elasticities for the MONASH Model: Johansen FIML Estimation of Cointegration Vectors
Creators: name: Menon, Jayant
name: Menon, Jayant
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
International Relations/Trade

description: This study investigates the relationship between manufactured import flows to Australia and relative prices and domestic economic activity over the period 1981Q3 to 1992Q2. This is done through the estimation of import demand functions for total manufactured imports and 29 import product categories defmed at the 2-digit level of the AICC by employing the Johansen FIML procedure. The price and activity elasticities will form part of the elasticity files of the MONASH Model, currently being developed at the Centre of Policy Studies. The price elasticities range from 0.24 to 1.75, with a weighted-average of 0.60. We also find evidence of upward bias in price elasticity estimates when an aggregate import function is employed in a context where variation in prices of individual products are negatively correlated with their price elasticities, and when a significant portion of imports are subject to quantitative restrictions (QRs). The unit activity elasticity hypothesis was accepted for one third of our sample. The majority of activity elasticities are greater than one, and usually closer to two.
DIFFERENCES IN SMOKING TOPOGRAPHY, SUBJECTIVE RESPONSES, AND SHORT-TERM ABSTINENCE BETWEEN AFRICAN AMERICAN AND WHITE MENTHOL AND NON-MENTHOL SMOKERS
Creators: name: Gunawan, Tommy
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Menthol in cigarettes may increase smoke exposure and reduce likelihood of smoking cessation. However, these findings are confounded by race, as higher proportions of African American (AA) smokers smoke menthol cigarettes (84.6%), compared to White smokers (28.9%). The present study evaluated the independent and interactive associations of race and menthol preference on smoking topography, subjective smoking responses, and ability to abstain for 24-hrs. Participants (N = 100) smoked their own cigarette naturalistically or through a smoking topography device in the first two sessions, in counterbalanced order, and underwent an incentivized, biochemically-verified 24-hr abstinence period after. Menthol smokers had fewer years of education, been smoking daily longer, and were more nicotine dependent, compared to non-menthol smokers. AA smokers were older, had lower household income, and had been smokers daily longer than White smokers. Menthol smokers took shorter, smaller puffs, and reported greater urge reduction from smoking, but did not differ in overall smoke exposure from non-menthol smokers. White smokers were less likely to abstain than AA smokers, while abstinence rates did not differ between menthol groups. There were minimal differences in smoking topography and subjective responses between smoking method. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Road Traffic Signs' Literary and the Implications on Road Users in Calabar.pdf
Creators: name: Uwen, God'sgift Ogban
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 200101 Communication Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 200322 Comparative Language Studies
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: 200524 Comparative Literature Studies

description: This study sought to assess the level of literacy in road traffic signs and the implications on road users in Calabar, using the semiotic theory as a conceptual framework. The survey research design was adopted for the study through the administration and retrieval of 140 questionnaires from selected road users to elicit information using the stratified random sampling technique in addition to participant observation. The respondents were selected from motorists, tricyclists and pedestrians who constitute the major segments of the research population. Findings revealed that road traffic signs are vital and critical components of the entire road furniture and were observed to be appropriately placed along major roads and streets in Calabar. They are to provide the needed safety information which road users are expected to adhere to. However, factors such as low literacy in overt instructions transmitted by the signs and ignorance are believed to account for the cases of avoidable road traffic crashes in the city. It is therefore recommended that everyone who uses the road should develop interest in road traffic signs‟ literacy in particular, and road safety best practices in general. Also, the responsible and regulatory agencies should widen their public enlightenment platforms in order to inculcate a safer road use culture among the citizenry and save lives and property required for national development.
High-resolution imaging of dust shells using Keck aperture masking and the IOTA Interferometer
Creators: name: Monnier, J. D.
name: Millan-Gabet, R.
name: Tuthill, P. G.
name: Traub, W. A.
name: Carleton, N. P.
name: Foresto, V. Coude du
name: Danchi, W. C.
name: Lacasse, M. G.
name: Morel, S.
name: Perrin, G.
name: Porro, I. L.
name: Schloerb, F. P.
name: Townes, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present first results of an experiment to combine data from Keck aperture masking and the Infrared-Optical Telescope Array (IOTA) to image the circumstellar environments of evolved stars with ~20 milliarcsecond resolution. The unique combination of excellent Fourier coverage at short baselines and high-quality long-baseline fringe data allows us to determine the location and clumpiness of the inner-most hot dust in the envelopes, and to measure the diameters of the underlying stars themselves. We find evidence for large-scale inhomogeneities in some dust shells and also significant deviations from uniform brightness for the photospheres of the most evolved M-stars. Deviations from spherically-symmetric mass loss in the red supergiant NML Cyg could be related to recent evidence for dynamically-important magnetic fields and/or stellar rotation. We point out that dust shell asymmetries, like those observed here, can qualitatively explain the difficulty recent workers have had in simultaneously fitting the broad-band spectral energy distributions and high-resolution spatial information, without invoking unusual dust properties or multiple distinct shells (from hypothetical ``superwinds''). This paper is the first to combine optical interferometry data from multiple facilities for imaging, and we discuss the challenges and potential for the future of this method, given current calibration and software limitations.
description: To appear in ApJ (61 pages: 4 tables, 23 figures). Image resolution degraded
Exchange Rate Pass-through: Theory and Evidence
Creators: name: Menon, Jayant
name: Menon, Jayant
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Agricultural Finance
International Relations/Trade

description: The resilience of trade balances of the major industrialised economies to changes in their exchange rates has evoked interest in the exchange rate pass-through relationship. So far, there has not been a comprehensive survey of this literature. The paper aims to fill this gap in two ways. First, it pieces together the theoretical literature on exchange rate pass-through. Second, it provides a critical survey of the empirical literature on exchange rate passthrough. Emphasis is placed on the data and methodology employed in previous work. This is done in order to guide future work in this growing area of research.
Equilibrium Distribution of Mutators in the Single Fitness Peak Model
Creators: name: Tannenbaum, Emmanuel
name: Deeds, Eric
name: Shakhnovich, Eugene I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantitative Biology (q-bio)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This paper develops an analytically tractable model for determining the equilibrium distribution of mismatch repair deficient strains in unicellular populations. The approach is based on the single fitness peak (SFP) model, which has been used in Eigen's quasispecies equations in order to understand various aspects of evolutionary dynamics. As with the quasispecies model, our model for mutator-nonmutator equilibrium undergoes a phase transition in the limit of infinite sequence length. This "repair catastrophe" occurs at a critical repair error probability of $ ε_r = L_{via}/L $, where $ L_{via} $ denotes the length of the genome controlling viability, while $ L $ denotes the overall length of the genome. The repair catastrophe therefore occurs when the repair error probability exceeds the fraction of deleterious mutations. Our model also gives a quantitative estimate for the equilibrium fraction of mutators in {\it Escherichia coli}.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures (included as separate PS files)
Second Language Influence on Nigerian Indigenous Languages' Endangerment The Case of English on Erei.pdf
Creators: name: Uwen, God'sgift Ogban
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 200101 Communication Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 200322 Comparative Language Studies
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: 200524 Comparative Literature Studies

description: This paper examines the increasing influence of English as an official and second language and the extent to which it has endangered the Erei language. The study adopts Attribution Theory as the theoretical framework because it aims to survey the intentional linguistic behaviour of people particularly in their response(s) to internal and external factors that control their language attitude. Data for the study were derived by means of participant observation using accidental and random sampling techniques. Findings show that English has exerted enormous and increasing influence on the Erei language which is seriously endangered. The outcomes of this practice have resulted in the nativisation of the English language, bi/multilingualism, code mixing and code switching between English and Erei. There have also been decreasing trend in inter-generational transmission, language contact through inter-marriages and trade, increasing apathy, dearth of pedagogic and preserved materials, among others. It is therefore recommended that the native speakers should renew their interest in using Erei wherever they are, while workable multidimensional approaches should be adopted to safe the language from death.
VPLYV HARMONIZACIE NEPRIAMYCH DANI NA CINNOST POL'NOHOSPODARSKYCH SUBJEKTOV
IMPACT OF HARMONISATION OF INDIRECT TAXES ON THE ACTIVITIES OF AGRICULTURAL COMPANIES
Creators: name: BOJNANSKY, Jozef
name: BOJNANSKY, Jozef
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: harmonization
subject: indirect taxes
subject: value added tax
subject: tax on wine
subject: tax on mineral oils

description: The work analyses the current status of harmonization of valued added tax (VAT) and excise tax on mineral oils and wine in Slovakia. In particular, attention is paid to an impact of legislation changes to these taxes on agricultural companies. Generally, it can be conluded that the harmonization process concerning the above taxes has been finished, and the remaining problematic questions, which are mainly associated with a change in the existing tax regimes, can only be harmonized after the accession of Slovakia to the European Union.