cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Severity of COVID-19 Disease in a Multicenter Cohort of People with HIV in the United States, March-December 2020
Creators: name: Delaney, J.A
name: Bamford, L
name: Kim, H.N
name: Wooten, D
name: Shapiro, A.E
name: Johnson, M.O
name: Nance, R.M
name: Van Rompaey, S.E
name: Whitney, B.M
name: Keruly, J.C
name: Christopoulos, K
name: Burkholder, G
name: Moore, R.D
name: Karris, M
name: Mathews, W.C
name: Napravnik, S
name: Bender Ignacio, R.A
name: Jacobson, J
name: Willig, A
name: Eron, J.J
name: Saag, M.S
name: Mayer, K.H
name: Webel, A.R
name: Cachay, E.R
name: Kitahata, M.M.
name: Hunt, P
name: Smith, D
name: Crane, H.M
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2022

description: Background: Understanding the spectrum of COVID-19 in people with HIV (PWH) is critical to provide clinical guidance and risk reduction strategies.Setting:Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinic System, a US multisite clinical cohort of PWH in care.Methods:We identified COVID-19 cases and severity (hospitalization, intensive care, and death) in a large, diverse HIV cohort during March 1, 2020-December 31, 2020. We determined predictors and relative risks of hospitalization among PWH with COVID-19, adjusted for disease risk scores. Results: Of 16,056 PWH in care, 649 were diagnosed with COVID-19 between March and December 2020. Case fatality was 2%; 106 (16.3%) were hospitalized, and 12 died. PWH with current CD4 count <350 cells/mm3[aRR 2.68; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.93 to 3.71; P < 0.001] or lowest recorded CD4 count <200 cells/mm3(aRR 1.67; 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.36; P < 0.005) had greater risks of hospitalization. HIV viral load and antiretroviral therapy status were not associated with hospitalization, although most of the PWH were suppressed (86%). Black PWH were 51% more likely to be hospitalized with COVID-19 compared with other racial/ethnic groups (aRR 1.51; 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.19; P = 0.03). Chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and increased cardiovascular and hepatic fibrosis risk scores were associated with higher hospitalization risk. PWH who were older, not on antiretroviral therapy, and with current CD4 count <350 cells/mm3, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease were overrepresented among PWH who required intubation or died. Conclusions: PWH with CD4 count <350 cells/mm3, and a history of CD4 count <200 cells/mm3, have a clear excess risk of severe COVID-19, accounting for comorbidities associated with severe outcomes. PWH with these risk factors should be prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination and early treatment and monitored closely for worsening illness.
Financial Market Models for the Grid
Creators: name: Martínez Ortuno, Fernando
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: The existing network of computing devices around the world created by the Internet gives the possibility of establishing a global market for computing power, where anybody connected to this network can acquire computing power or sell his own spare computing resources in exchange for real money. This potential global market for computing power, which does not exist yet, is what we study in this thesis. Specifically, we study the market with both analytic and simulated models. This thesis predicts how a future global market for Grid computing will behave. We give arguments that such a large market, together with its potential indefinite growth, would not be able to scale if it were organized with a central server, and therefore we study a peer-to-peer market model in our simulations. We create a high-level model with the most relevant characteristics of the market, where buyers and sellers trade a single commodity. In our simulations, the parameters of the volume of contracts, proportion of satisfied agents and number of messages in the network achieve stable values in the long run. We also derive analytically the conditions that make the price get stable over time; we then implement these conditions in the simulation as local mechanisms of the market participants, which make the whole system achieve a stable price evolution. We are also confident that, as soon as the Grid market emerges, a parallel market of derivatives will be created as well. This market of derivatives will be important due to the non-storability nature of computing power. We develop a futures market for computing power based on Markov chains, where we initially model the behaviour of each participant with a particular Markov chain, and then we derive a global transition probability matrix that models the market as a whole. Furthermore, we analyse the performance of a futures trader operating in such a market, and we obtain an optimal trading strategy with the use of Markov Decision Processes. We finally develop a stochastic differential equation model that captures the essence of the spot price evolution of computing power observed in our market simulations. This model is based on a previously one proposed for the electricity market, and consists of the use of a Markov regime-switching mechanism in order to model the existence of spikes in the spot price. We then estimate the parameters in the model with the output data of our simulation program; the estimation is carried out both by maximum likelihood and the generalised method of moments.
Late-Wisconsin Event in the Upper Cook Inlet Region, Southcentral Alaska
Creators: name: Brigham-Grette, Julie
name: Reger, Richard D.
name: Combellick, Rodney A.
Publisher: name: Department of Natural Resources, State of Alaska
Year: 1995
Subjects: Cook Inlet
Anchorage, AK
Alaska (State / Territory)
Holocene
Pleistocene
Shell
Dating Sample
Fauna
Ground Stone
Macrobotanical
Bootlegger Cove Formation
Mollusks
Stratigraphy
Marine Transgressions
C14
Depositional Environment
Knik Glaciation
Foraminifera
Macoma Balthica
Hiatella
Age Dates
Peat
Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson
Silt
Glacial Processes
Mya Truncata
Fossils
Cultural Resources
Balanus
Glacial Geology
Geochronology
Naptowne Glaciation
Vegetation
Ostracods
Geophysical Survey
Systematic Survey

description: The Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) presents Short Notes on Alaska Geology 1995, the ninth issue in this series. There are ten papers, two each in Quaternary geology, structural geology, stratigraphy-sedimentology, and paleontology, and one each in economic geology and geochemistry. Almost all geographic regions of the State are represented. Overall, they reflect the wide range of subjects and broad geographic distribution of current geologic research in Alaska. This article presents new evidence and reconsideration of previously published evidence for late-Wisconsin events in the upper Cook Inlet region. Shoreline bluffs along Knik Arm and Turnagain Arm in upper Cook Inlet expose well-preserved evidence of glacial and marine events late in the Naptowne glaciation. This complex record has been studied by many workers during the past 45 years, commonly with conflicting interpretations. Nine new radiocarbon dates strongly suggest late-Wisconsinan age of the Bootlegger Cove Formation. The article documents Elmendorf-age glacial advances in Knik Arm, Turnagain Arm, and elsewhere in southcentral Alaska as evidence.
Local Methods for the Cosmic Microwave Background
Creators: name: Bowyer, Jude William
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: The standard tools for analyzing the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), a key component for making cosmological inferences, are usually of global sampling type. Such a methodological bias may preclude the development of important techniques for cosmology. This thesis develops local, real-space tools for CMB analysis which may be complemented using harmonic space techniques or provide useful signal diagnostics on their own. Particularly, finite-difference schemes for performing local derivatives are investigated. One can define derivatives which extract the primordial polarization modes from the measured CMB Stokes parameters by constructing real scalar and pseudo-scalar fields. The detection of a primordial curl-like (‘B’-mode) CMB polarization signal would imply the existence of a background of primordial gravitational waves, the ‘smoking gun’ signal of an inflationary cosmology. On an obscured (masked) sky, the gradient-like (‘E’-mode) signal leaks into the B-mode signal when the standard harmonic E/B signal decomposition is performed — using local techniques instead, this leakage can be reduced since the masked region is not sampled from. An algorithm and a software package are developed for just such a calculation. Furthermore, differencing errors in the presence of discontinuous signals are utilized to produce the ‘Laplacian-difference’ method, which enhances pathological and discontinuous signals. Such signals, in the absence of systematics, might reveal the presence of cosmic defects. The scalar and pseudo-scalar fields produced will feature self-coupled modetransfer due to masking; the mode-transfer matrices are related to the optimal apodization schemes for extracting power spectra. The transfer matrices for various spectral operations on scalar fields are presented, which for the polarization spectra provide important computational advantages over the direct utilization of the E- and B-modes.
Pterodectes pitangi Mironov 2008
Creators: name: LIU, DONG
name: YI, TIAN-CI
name: XU, YUN
name: ZHANG, ZHI-QIANG
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Acari
Proctophyllodidae
Pterodectes
Pterodectes pitangi

description: Pterodectes pitangi Mironov, 2008 in Mironov, Literak & Č apek, 2008: 17
— Holotype male (ZISP, 4395), ex Pitangus sulphuratus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Tyrannidae), Nova Andradina, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (22°15'S, 53°21'W).
description: Published as part of LIU, DONG, YI, TIAN-CI, XU, YUN & ZHANG, ZHI-QIANG, 2013, Hotspots of new species discovery: new mite species described during 2007 to 2012, pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 3663 (1) on page 81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3663.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5630595
MOESM1 of Characterization of marine ferromanganese crust from the Pacific using residues of selective chemical leaching: identification of fossil magnetotactic bacteria with FE-SEM and rock magnetic methods
Creators: name: Hirokuni Oda
name: Nakasato, Yoshio
name: Usui, Akira
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Additional File 1: Figure S1. Position of materials extracted from the crust for use in chemical leaching and extraction experiments. (Left) Photographic image of the crust with a rectangle frame indicating the material used for chemical leaching experiments. (Middle) Schematic diagram showing units identified with the rectangle frame. (Right) Minerals identified as XRD counts.
Antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacterales colonization in people with HIV
Creators: name: Brown, D
name: Napravnik, S
name: Van Duin, D
name: Henderson, H.I
name: Ruegsegger, L
name: Alby, K
name: Smedberg, J.R
name: Wohl, D.A
name: Hill, B.M
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2022

description: Background: People with HIV (PWH) may be at increased risk for MDR Enterobacterales (MDR-E) infection or colonization, relative to individuals without HIV, due to a greater burden of comorbidities as well as HIV-related intestinal inflammation and microbiota alterations. Objectives: To characterize antibiotic susceptibility of enteric Enterobacterales and risk factors for antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections in a sample of PWH attending routine clinic visits. Methods: Participants provided self-administered rectal swabs and completed questionnaires regarding healthcare, travel and occupational exposures for the prior 12 months. Rectal samples were processed to identify Enterobacterales species, and susceptibility testing was performed. Results: Among 82 participants, 110 Enterobacterales isolates were obtained. Non-susceptibility was common for penicillins, sulphonamides and first-generation cephalosporins. MDR-E was present in 20% of participants. HIV-related characteristics, including current or nadir CD4 cell count, viral suppression, or AIDS-defining clinical conditions, were not associated with MDR-E. Conclusions: MDR-E colonization is common in this population of PWH. Further research evaluating risk factors for MDR-E in PWH may inform infection prevention approaches to better protect at-risk populations from these difficult-to-treat infections.
The Exploration-Exploitation Trade-Off in Sequential Decision Making Problems
Creators: name: Sykulski, Adam M.
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: Sequential decision making problems require an agent to repeatedly choose between a series of actions. Common to such problems is the exploration-exploitation trade-off, where an agent must choose between the action expected to yield the best reward (exploitation) or trying an alternative action for potential future benefit (exploration). The main focus of this thesis is to understand in more detail the role this trade-off plays in various important sequential decision making problems, in terms of maximising finite-time reward. The most common and best studied abstraction of the exploration-exploitation trade-off is the classic multi-armed bandit problem. In this thesis we study several important extensions that are more suitable than the classic problem to real-world applications. These extensions include scenarios where the rewards for actions change over time or the presence of other agents must be repeatedly considered. In these contexts, the exploration-exploitation trade-off has a more complicated role in terms of maximising finite-time performance. For example, the amount of exploration required will constantly change in a dynamic decision problem, in multiagent problems agents can explore by communication, and in repeated games, the exploration-exploitation trade-off must be jointly considered with game theoretic reasoning. Existing techniques for balancing exploration-exploitation are focused on achieving desirable asymptotic behaviour and are in general only applicable to basic decision problems. The most flexible state-of-the-art approaches, έ-greedy and έ-first, require exploration parameters to be set a priori, the optimal values of which are highly dependent on the problem faced. To overcome this, we construct a novel algorithm, έ-ADAPT, which has no exploration parameters and can adapt exploration on-line for a wide range of problems. έ-ADAPT is built on newly proven theoretical properties of the έ-first policy and we demonstrate that έ-ADAPT can accurately learn not only how much to explore, but also when and which actions to explore.
Primordial black hole formation caused by the QCD transition ?
Creators: name: Widerin, Peter
name: Schmid, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the evolution of cosmological perturbations at the QCD transition, in particular the sudden reheating from a supercooled universe to the transition temperature. Sudden reheating happens at a specific temperature, hence density, and singles out one specific hypersurface. Underdensities reach the reheating earlier than overdensities, there is a short period of huge pressure differences which leads to a jump in the fluid velocity. Density perturbations of scales far below the Hubble radius $λ\ll R_H $ get an amplification which grows quadratically in wavenumber. Primordial black hole formation will not be sufficiently amplified by the QCD transition unless the initial spectrum is fine tuned.
description: 5 pages, uuencoded tar file including LaTeX file, 2 figures and sprocl.sty. To appear in the Conference Proceedings of COSMO-97
Spectroscopic Imaging of the Compaction and Dissolution of Model Pharmaceutical Formulations
Creators: name: Wray, Patrick S.
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: Orally administered compressed tablets are the most commonly used dosage form. Understanding the physical and chemical processes involved in drug release from tablets is critical for designing more effective formulations. Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic imaging is a powerful chemically specific and spatially resolved analytical approach. Effective uses for this technology have been found in the field of pharmaceutics, studying the compaction and dissolution of oral dosage formulations. However, the full potential of this technology is yet to be explored. This thesis describes work that further explores the applications of FTIR imaging through the use of model pharmaceutical formulations. The work is broadly split into three sections: quantification of imaging data, dissolution of pH modified formulations and application to structured tablets. The in situ compaction of model drug tablets with different polymer matrices was studied using ATR-FTIR imaging. The choice of polymer strongly affected the distribution of the drug at the tablet surface. X-ray tomography was used as a complementary technique, verifying the distribution of drug particles within the compacted matrices. Statistical analysis was applied to investigate obtaining quantitative data such as particle size and component loading from the image data. Previous work using ATR-FTIR imaging has shown the ability of the approach to detect crystallisation of ibuprofen during dissolution. The dissolution of ibuprofen from HPMC matrices containing pH modifying compounds was studied. FTIR imaging showed that tablets containing acidic compounds slowed the dissolution of crystalline ibuprofen domains. The formation of soluble and insoluble salts of the drug was seen in tablets containing basic compounds. As FTIR imaging supplies both chemical and spatial information it was applied to study structured tablets, both tablet-in-tablet structures and multilayer formulations, in conjunction with visible optical video analysis. The tablet-in-tablet structures were used to create delayed release formulations, in which both the core and shell materials were used to control release. pH resistant formulations were also developed for the release of pH labile drugs. FTIR imaging supplied vital information on the rate of ingress of water fronts, the movement of swelling polymers and the chemical state of the drug. Multilayer formulations were investigated for studies of biphasic release and also in order to compare the dissolution performance of tablets in the custom ATR flow cell with that found in the industry standard USP tests.
title: PP_1964-1965_Concours d'émulation_Une piscine
Creators: name: Panerai, Philippe
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: architecture
subject: beaux-arts
subject: Écoles des beaux-arts
subject: enseignement
subject: Atelier Arretche

description: Travaux scolaires de Philippe Panerai à l'École des beaux-arts.
State Historic Preservation Office Letter: The Clunie Lake Road Upgrades, Fort Richardson, Alaska (FRA)
Creators: name: Lucht, Allan D.
Publisher: name: State Historic Preservation Office, Alaska
Year: 2006
Subjects: Anchorage, AK
Alaska (State / Territory)
Fort Richardson, AK
Historic
20th Century
Prehistoric
Clunie Lake Road
ANC-01299
ANC-01175
ANC-00264
ANC-00265
ANC-00268
Eklutna Industrial School
ANC-00263
ANC-00822
Road
SHPO
Recommendations
No Cultural Resources
National Register
Historic Site
Letter
Public works
State Historic Preservation Office
FRA
Project Planning
Multi-Component Historic Site
No historic properties
20th Century Cabins
NHPA
Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson
National Historic Trail
Cultural Resources
Proposed Project Area
Project Review
National Historic Preservation Act
Clunie Lake Road Upgrades
Architectural Documentation
Consultation
Records Search / Inventory Checking

description: This document includes recommendations from the Alaska State Preservation Officer regarding Clunie Lake Road upgrades at Fort Richardson.
Energy flow in the Photosystem I supercomplex: comparison of approximative theories with DM-HEOM
Creators: name: Kramer, Tobias
name: Noack, Matthias
name: Reimers, Jeffrey R
name: Reinefeld, Alexander
name: Rodríguez, Mirta
name: Yin, Shiwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the exciton dynamics in PhotosystemI from Thermosynechococcus elongatus using the distributed memory implementation of the hierarchical equation of motion (DM-HEOM) for the 96 Chlorophylls in the monomeric unit. The exciton-system parameters are taken from a first principles calculation. A comparison of the exact results with Foerster rates and Markovian approximations allows one to validate the exciton transfer times within the complex and to identify deviations from approximative theories. We show the optical absorption, linear, and circular dichroism spectra obtained with DM-HEOM and compare them to experimental results.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, fix spelling in names
Bogoliubov Many-Body Perturbation Theory for Open-Shell Nuclei
Creators: name: Tichai, Alexander
name: Arthuis, Pierre
name: Duguet, Thomas
name: Hergert, Heiko
name: Somá, Vittorio
name: Roth, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel Rayleigh-Schrödinger many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) approach is introduced by making use of a particle-number-breaking Bogoliubov reference state to tackle (near-)degenerate open-shell fermionic systems. By choosing a reference state that solves the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov variational problem, the approach reduces to the well-tested Møller-Plesset, i.e., Hartree-Fock based, MBPT when applied to closed-shell systems. Due to its algorithmic simplicity, the newly developed framework provides a computationally simple yet accurate alternative to state-of-the-art non-perturbative many-body approaches. At the price of working in the quasi-particle basis associated with a single-particle basis of sufficient size, the computational scaling of the method is independent of the particle number. This paper presents the first realistic applications of the method ranging from the oxygen to the nickel isotopic chains on the basis of a modern nuclear Hamiltonian derived from chiral effective field theory.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
OBAP 1994 KWK Field Journal
Creators: name: Kintigh, Keith
Year: 1994
Subjects: Zuni
Cibola
Hinkson Ranch
Pueblo II
Pueblo III
Pueblo IV
Historic Native American
Ancestral Puebloan
Historic
Euroamerican
H-Spear Site
Ojo Bonito
Jaralosa Pueblo
Hinkson Site
Non-Domestic Structures
Communal / Public Structure
Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex
Ancient Communal / Public Structure
Settlements
Encampment
Great House / Big House
Hamlet / Village
Town / City
Domestic Structures
Kiva / Great Kiva
Mound / Earthwork
Ancient Earthwork
Pit House / Earth Lodge
Room Block / Compound / Pueblo
Rock Shelter
Plaza
Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features
Agricultural or Herding
Agricultural Field or Field Feature
Archaeological Feature
Corral
Artifact Scatter
Cairn
Terrace
Fence
Water Control Feature
Hearth
Isolated Artifact
Midden
Sheet Midden
Trash Midden
Milling Feature
Milling Bin
Pit
Refuse Pit
Quarry
Road, Trail, and Related Structures or Features
Rock Alignment
Rock Art
Road
Petroglyph
Pictograph
Pollen
Wood
Ceramic
Chipped Stone
Dating Sample
Fauna
Ground Stone
Building Materials
Macrobotanical
Mineral
OBAP
Ojo Bonito Archaeological Project
Data Recovery / Excavation
Reconnaissance / Survey
Systematic Survey

description: Ojo Bonito Archaeological Project 1994 Keith Kintigh's Field Journal
Heterotic and Type I String Dynamics from Eleven Dimensions
Creators: name: Horava, Petr
name: Witten, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose that the ten-dimensional $E_8\times E_8$ heterotic string is related to an eleven-dimensional theory on the orbifold ${\bf R}^{10}\times {\bf S}^1/{\bf Z}_2$ in the same way that the Type IIA string in ten dimensions is related to ${\bf R}^{10}\times {\bf S}^1$. This in particular determines the strong coupling behavior of the ten-dimensional $E_8\times E_8$ theory. It also leads to a plausible scenario whereby duality between $SO(32)$ heterotic and Type I superstrings follows from the classical symmetries of the eleven-dimensional world, just as the $SL(2,{\bf Z})$ duality of the ten-dimensional Type IIB theory follows from eleven-dimensional diffeomorphism invariance.
description: 27 pages, 2 postscript figures, harvmac, epsf; a reference added
On multi-spin classical strings with NS-NS flux
Creators: name: Banerjee, Aritra
name: Biswas, Sagar
name: Panigrahi, Kamal L
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study multi spin semiclassical strings in $AdS_3\times S^3 \times T^4$ background supported by a mixture of Neveu-Schwarz-Neveu-Schwarz (NS-NS) and Ramond-Ramond (R-R) fluxes. This `mixed flux' background has been recently proved to be classically integrable. We start with a particular rigidly spinning fundamental string in $AdS_3\times S^1$ coupled to the NS-NS flux and classify the possible profiles. We also find out how the scaling relation among the energy and angular momenta of such a string changes due to presence of these fluxes. We emphasize on pure NS-NS flux case and discuss the fate of such solutions in that limit.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures
ADHM Construction of Instantons on the Torus
Creators: name: Ford, C.
name: Pawlowski, J. M.
name: Tok, T.
name: Wipf, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the ADHM instanton construction to SU(2) gauge theory on T^n x R^(4-n)for n=1,2,3,4. To do this we regard instantons on T^n x R^(4-n) as periodic (modulo gauge transformations) instantons on R^4. Since the R^4 topological charge of such instantons is infinite the ADHM algebra takes place on an infinite dimensional linear space. The ADHM matrix M is related to a Weyl operator (with a self-dual background) on the dual torus tilde T^n. We construct the Weyl operator corresponding to the one-instantons on T^n x R^(4-n). In order to derive the self-dual potential on T^n x R^(4-n) it is necessary to solve a specific Weyl equation. This is a variant of the Nahm transformation. In the case n=2 (i.e. T^2 x R^2) we essentially have an Aharonov Bohm problem on tilde T^2. In the one-instanton sector we find that the scale parameter, lambda, is bounded above, (lambda)^2 tv<4 pi, tv being the volume of the dual torus tilde T^2.
description: 35 pages, LATeX. New section on Nahm transform included, presentation improved, reference added, to appear in Nuclear Physics B
Characterising primitive chondrite components
Creators: name: Duffy, Christina Mary
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: Primitive chondrite components in six carbonaceous chondrites, Bencubbin, HaH 237, Gujba, Isheyevo, Acfer 209 and Acfer 094 were studied to examine the complex thermal histories of individual particles. Significant information about the origin and evolution of the solar nebula is contained within primitive chondrite components including FeNi metals, sulphides, matrix material and calcium aluminium inclusions, allowing conclusions to be drawn about the conditions which prevailed in the early nebula. This thesis describes the analysis of meteoritic metal and other components in carbonaceous chondrites using a suite of complementary techniques including secondary electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS), grain-size frequency distribution (GSFD) and computed tomography. Metal is chosen as the primary comparative component as it is a common feature in carbonaceous chondrites and is an indication of the extent to which a sample has been exposed to thermal, metamorphic and alteration processes. EBSD results reveal a variation between chondrule-associated metal and matrix metal in CR chondrite Acfer 209 and the ungrouped chondrite Acfer 094 indicating a difference in formation and subsequent processing. TEM results demonstrated that evidence for aqueous alteration occurs on a sub-μm scale on the rims of FeNi metal grains in Acfer 094. FeNi metallic rims displayed regions of pitting corrosion and an enrichment in O and Ni accompanied by depletion in Fe. These features indicate interaction with an aqueous fluid. Grain-size frequency distribution analyses revealed a strong and common mode in the metal grain aspect ratios of three samples from the CB group of chondrites indicating a common deformational event. The presence of adjacent primitive components with varying chemical and crystallographic textures reveals that these samples were subject to a complex thermal history. Fine-grained matrix material in HaH 237 is heavily hydrated and shows no complementarity to chondrules which escaped aqueous alteration consistent with the X-wind model. In contrast, matrix material does show compositional complementarity to chondrules in Acfer 094 and Acfer 209. This suggests material for both components formed in the same region of a nebula conforming to the shock model where material formed on the disk.
Pterodectes tangarae Mironov 2008
Creators: name: LIU, DONG
name: YI, TIAN-CI
name: XU, YUN
name: ZHANG, ZHI-QIANG
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Acari
Proctophyllodidae
Pterodectes
Pterodectes tangarae

description: Pterodectes tangarae Mironov, 2008 in Mironov, Literak & Č apek, 2008: 9
— Holotype male (ZISP, 4377), ex Tangara cayana (Linnaeus, 1766) (Thraupidae), Nova Andradina, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (22°15'S, 53°21'W).
description: Published as part of LIU, DONG, YI, TIAN-CI, XU, YUN & ZHANG, ZHI-QIANG, 2013, Hotspots of new species discovery: new mite species described during 2007 to 2012, pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 3663 (1) on page 82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3663.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5630595
Climate change implications for grassland ecosystems: a biodiversity approach
Creators: name: Fry, Ellen Louise
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: Grassland species assemblages are vulnerable to changes in rainfall patterns, with consequences of change including less species-rich communities, and changes in carbon, nitrogen and hydrological cycles. Research has indicated that increasing species diversity can lead to better resource and water use efficiency, and experiments are now targeted at identifying species characteristics that can modify ecosystem responses to climate change. This thesis aimed to evaluate the extent plant functional diversity can modify the effect of climate change in a field experiment on acid grassland in South-East England. Other climate scenarios, namely spring and summer drought, and highly variable rainfall were tested concurrently, and a modelling technique was developed to predict ecosystem functions from abiotic and plant trait-based variables. Climate change treatments generally decreased rates of ecosystem processes such as mineralisation and ecosystem respiration. Plots dominated by perennial plant species exhibited lower rates of processes such as net ecosystem CO2 exchange and soil respiration under climate stress. Results suggest annual plants are adapted to take advantage of very small rainfall input, and are less affected by climate change, thus generally maintaining overall ecosystem function through times of drought. A spring and summer drought regime was associated with slowing of ecosystem processes. This treatment was more deleterious to ecosystem function than increasing rainfall variability, where process rates did not differ discernibly from ambient, although plants suffered a higher level of dieback in general. While climate change could have detrimental effects on all aspects of ecosystem function, using information regarding species traits which are more resistant to climate change may aid grassland management in order to preserve more vulnerable species. Experiments such as these are vital to further understanding of the links between plant community composition and ecosystem function in order to target management schemes and policy to reduce the effects of climate change.
Alcohol consumption upon direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C among persons with human immunodeficiency virus in the United States
Creators: name: Lesko, C.R
name: Kim, H.N
name: Chen, P.-H
name: Yang, C
name: McCaul, M.E
name: Kitahata, M.M
name: Fojo, A.T
name: Saag, M
name: Napravnik, S
name: Crane, H.M
name: Cachay, E.R
name: Lau, B
name: Yenokyan, K
name: Jacobson, J.M
name: Chander, G
name: Hutton, H.E
name: Moore, R.D
name: Mayer, K.H
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ireland Ltd
Year: 2022

description: Background: Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) are highly effective against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). However, alcohol use post-DAA treatment poses a continued threat to the liver. Whether the focus on liver health alone during HCV treatment can impact alcohol consumption is unclear. Therefore, we examined the change in alcohol use among HCV-coinfected PWH who received DAA therapy by non-addiction medical providers. Methods: In our longitudinal clinical cohort study, we identified HCV-coinfected PWH who received interferon-free DAA therapy between January 2014 and June 2019 in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test—Consumption (AUDIT-C) was the alcohol screening instrument. We used mixed-effects logistic regression models to estimate the longitudinal change in alcohol use upon DAA therapy. Results: Among 738 HCV-coinfected PWH, 339 (46 %) reported any alcohol use at the end of HCV treatment, including 113 (15 %) with high-risk use (i.e., AUDIT-C ≥3 for women, ≥4 for men). Concurrently, 280 (38 %) PWH noted active drug use, and 357 (48 %) were currently smoking. We observed no changes in the odds of any alcohol or high-risk alcohol use over time with DAA therapy. Findings were similar in the PWH subgroup with a history of alcohol use before DAA treatment. Conclusions: For PWH with HCV, alcohol use did not change following interferon-free DAA treatment by non-addiction medical providers. Thus, clinicians should consider integrating targeted alcohol use interventions into HCV care to motivate reduced alcohol consumption and safeguard future liver health.
Steatosis in non alcoholic fatty liver disease
Creators: name: Levene, Adam Phillip
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the commonest cause of chronic liver disease in developed countries. The accurate assessment of steatosis is central to the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. I compared the assessment of steatosis by histology, biochemical triglyceride assays, digital image analysis, with and without Oil Red-O staining, in mouse livers and human liver biopsies. In each case Oil Red-O digital image analysis was the most reliable technique for quantitating steatosis. I then investigated a potential, non-invasive technique for distinguishing steatosis from steatohepatitis as only the latter causes progressive liver disease. The liver contains fluorophores which can be detected by autofluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorophore levels vary depending on the levels of oxidative stress and fibrosis within the liver. Mouse and human livers, were assessed to measure the fluorescence intensity at different wavelengths and this was compared with the histology. The probe was able to accurately identify biopsies which had inflammation and fibrosis with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Autophagocytosis has recently been suggested to play a role in fat metabolism. Using liver differentiated HUH7 cells grown in normal or oleate containing media with or without Rapamycin (an autophagocytosis activator) the role of autophagocytosis was investigated. This involved examining steatosis by Oil Red-O digital image analysis, biochemical triglyceride assays, electron microscopy and confocal immunofluorescence. I concluded that activating autophagocytosis decreased the levels of steatosis within the cells. This work has shown Oil Red-O digital image analysis is the most accurate way of assessing steatosis within the liver, that autofluorescence spectroscopy has the ability to distinguish, in real-time, isolated steatosis from steatohepatitis and that autophagocytosis has a role in fat metabolism within the liver which may be exploited therapeutically.
MyGene2 automated match report: SCN8A
Creators: name: Team, The MyGene2
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 110311 Medical Genetics (excl. Cancer Genetics)
subject: FOS: Basic medicine

description: MyGene2.org is free, public, searchable & browsable website. Families with rare genetic conditions, clinicians, and researchers families who are interested in sharing health and genetic information can create MyGene2 profiles and use these to connect with other families, clinicians, and researchers who may have or be studying the same condition. If multiple MyGene2 profiles potentially match on a shared gene of interest, MyGene2 automatically generates a match report summarizing the information in these profiles. This automated match report is shared publicly to help facilitate further research and/or connections between the submitters of the MyGene2 profiles and other interested parties. This is an automated match report for SCN8A.
Geometry of diffeomorphism groups and shape matching
Creators: name: Bruveris, Martins
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: The large deformation matching (LDM) framework is a method for registration of images and other data structures, used in computational anatomy. We show how to reformulate the large deformation matching framework for registration in a geometric way. The general framework also allows to generalize the large deformation matching framework to include multiple scales by using the iterated semidirect product of groups. An important ingredient in the LDM framework is the choice of a suitable Riemannian metric on the space of diffeomorphisms. Since the space in question is infinite-dimensional, not every choice of the metric is suitable. In particular the geodesic distance, which is defined as the infimum over the length of all paths connecting two points, may vanish. For the family of Sobolev-type Hs-metrics on the diffeomorphism groups of R and S1 we establish that the geodesic distance vanishes for metrics of order 0 ≤ s ≤ [half]. The geodesic distance also vanishes for the L2-metric on the Virasoro-Bott group, which is a central extension of the diffeomorphism group of the circle. Vanishing of geodesic distance implies that the length-functional, which assigns to each curve in the manifold its length, has no global minima, when restricted to paths with fixed endpoints. We show that for the L2-metric on the diffeomorphism group of R and the Virasoro-Bott group doesn't have any local minima either. The large deformation matching framework is not the only approach to the registration and shape comparison. For curves and surfaces it is possible to define a Riemannian metric directly on the space of curves or surfaces and use geodesics with respect to this metric to measure differences in shape. We use the family of Sobolev-type metrics on surfaces from [7]. We show how to discretize the geodesic equations and solve the boundary value problem via a shooting method on the initial velocity. The discrete equations are implemented via the finite element method.
Sintering of ZnO-Gd2O3 ceramic targets for functional thin films
Creators: name: Yousefi, Mahdieh
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: This dissertation has investigated the sintering and the magnetic behaviour of Gd-ZnO bulk samples with different Gd concentrations varying from 0 to 1 at.%. The films were deposited using the pulsed laser deposition technique (PLD). This study set out to determine whether Gd-ZnO thin films displayed ferromagnetic behaviour above room temperature using a SQUID magnetometer. However, a problem occurred during the preparation of the PLD targets containing different Gd concentrations. In fact, since the required density for the PLD targets should be more than 90%, the first sets of targets were not sufficiently dense to be utilized in the PLD deposition. Hence, to solve this problem, dilatometry measurements were conducted on a new series of samples so as to find the optimum sintering temperature in order to obtain fully dense targets. The following conclusions can be drawn from the present study. According to the dilatometry measurements conducted on 8 mm diameter Gd-ZnO pellets at constant heating rate of 5 °C/min, the temperature of densification, T onset, which is set arbitrarily to 0.5% shrinkage, increases when the Gd concentration is increased from 0 to 1 at.%. Moreover, non-isothermal dilatometry measurement with three heating rates of 5, 10, and 20 °C/min were carried out on Gd-ZnO bulk samples so as to calculate the apparent activation energy (Q) using both the master sintering curve (MSC) and Arrhenius plot of the sintering data. The results of the magnetic measurements for Gd-ZnO thin films with different Gd concentrations varying from 0 to 1 at.% indicates diamagnetic characteristics at both 5 and 300K; however, a film containing 1 at.% of Gd indicated a super-paramagnetic-like behaviour at 5 K but a saturated magnetization at 300 K. This superparamagnetic behaviour may originate from the formation of the secondary phases during film deposition. Key words: Gd-ZnO pellets; Sintering behaviour; Arrhenius plot; Master Sintering curve; Magnetic behaviour.
Associations between drug and alcohol use, smoking, and frailty among people with HIV across the United States in the current era of antiretroviral treatment
Creators: name: Pandya, C
name: Mayer, K.H
name: Christopoulos, K
name: Delaney, J.A
name: Whitney, B.M
name: Napravnik, S
name: Achenbach, C
name: Cachay, E.R
name: Ma, J
name: Crane, H.M
name: Hahn, A.W
name: Austad, S
name: Drumright, L.N
name: Cartujano-Barrera, F
name: Eron, J.J
name: Chander, G
name: Kamen, C.
name: Webel, A.R
name: Kritchevsky, S.B
name: Landay, A
name: Willig, A.L
name: McCaul, M.E
name: Nance, R.M
name: Ruderman, S.A
name: Kitahata, M
name: Mathews, W.C
name: Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) Cohort Study
name: Greene, M
name: Saag, M.S
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ireland Ltd
Year: 2022

description: Objective: To examine associations between frailty and drug, alcohol, and tobacco use among a large diverse cohort of people with HIV (PWH) in clinical care in the current era. Methods: PWH at 7 sites across the United States completed clinical assessments of patient-reported measures and outcomes between 2016 and 2019 as part of routine care including drug and alcohol use, smoking, and other domains. Frailty was assessed using 4 of the 5 components of the Fried frailty phenotype and PWH were categorized as not frail, pre-frail, or frail. Associations of substance use with frailty were assessed with multivariate Poisson regression. Results: Among 9336 PWH, 43% were not frail, 44% were prefrail, and 13% were frail. Frailty was more prevalent among women, older PWH, and those reporting current use of drugs or cigarettes. Current methamphetamine use (1.26: 95% CI 1.07–1.48), current (1.65: 95% CI 1.39–1.97) and former (1.21:95% CI 1.06–1.36) illicit opioid use, and former cocaine/crack use (1.17: 95% CI 1.01–1.35) were associated with greater risk of being frail in adjusted analyses. Current smoking was associated with a 61% higher risk of being frail vs. not frail (1.61: 95% CI 1.41–1.85) in adjusted analyses. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of prefrailty and frailty among a nationally distributed cohort of PWH in care. This study identified distinct risk factors that may be associated with frailty among PWH, many of which, such as cigarette smoking and drug use, are potentially modifiable.
Current Antiretroviral Treatment Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States: Findings from the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinic Systems Cohort
Creators: name: Ma, J
name: Christopoulos, K
name: Kitahata, M.M
name: Saag, M.S
name: Moore, R.D
name: Nance, R.M
name: Napravnik, S
name: Crane, H.M
name: Eron, J.J
name: Martin, J
name: Bamford, L
name: Keruly, J
name: Delaney, J.A.C
name: Jacobson, J.M
name: Mayer, K.H
name: Whitney, B.M
name: Cachay, E.R
name: Gravett, R.M
name: Burkholder, G.A
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2022

description: Among 14 049 people with human immunodeficiency virus in care in 2019-2020, 96% were treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Current antiretroviral treatment patterns highlight high uptake of guideline-recommended ART regimens including second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitors (dolutegravir and bictegravir) and tenofovir alafenamide, especially in antiretroviral-naive individuals initiating ART.
Oral history interview with Larkey DeNeff, 1991
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Hemophilia--History.--United States
Hemophilia--Social aspects
Hemophilia--Political aspects
Hemophilia--Complications
Safe sex in AIDS prevention
Therapeutics
AIDS (Disease)--History.--United States
Patient representatives

description: Family history of activism; diagnosis in infancy with hemophilia; medical care and insurance, economic and political issues for people with hemophilia in early 1960s; alternative methods of healing; physical versus emotional caregiving; advent of home treatment with cryoprecipitate; disagreements over the use of Amicar as treatment for hemophilia; difficulties of receiving education as a person with hemophilia; involvement with producing educational videos regarding hemophilia for hospitals and fire departments; issues of sexual abuse; sexual activity and bleeding and consequent difficulties for persons with hemophilia; anger of, prejudice of, and lack of support by hemophilia caregivers regarding AIDS/HIV; denial of HIV/AIDs in hemophilia community; early efforts at T-cell testing; production of educational videos/Public Service Announcements regarding hemophilia and DIS; recall of HIV-infected blood products; emotional/social responses to HIV; anger towards homosexuals among hemophilia community; politico-economic factors in manufacturing and distributing various blood products; involvement with National Hemophilia Foundation’s Hemophilia Leadership and Development Project; difficulties in obtaining heat-treated blood products; "AFRAIDS (Acute Fear Regarding AIDS)" among hemophilia community and the larger community; lack of interest in HIV education at both local and national level; involvement in public relations/education for American Red Cross Regional Blood Services Committee; advent of HIV testing of blood products; early experiences with HIV illness and treatment with AZT; discrepancies in hemophilia treatments and in HIV treatments for people with hemophilia in 1980s; involvement in producing a newsletter on issues of hemophilia and HIV; involvement in HIV prevention workshops for hemophilia care providers; encouragement of tolerance of diversity