Dacinae
Creators: name: David, K. J.
name: Hancock, D. L.
name: Gracy, R. G.
name: Sachin, K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tephritidae

description: Key to genera of subfamily Dacinae from India
Note: One of us (DLH) regards Zeugodacus as no more than a group of subgenera within Bactrocera (e.g. Hancock & Drew, 2018).
1. Wing with cell bm broader than cell cua; proctiger much smaller than epandrium; glans of phallus sclerotised with subapical lobe................................................................................................ 2
- Wing with cell bm not broader than cua; proctiger larger than epandrium; glans of phallus without prominent subapical lobe. ................................................................................................... 4
2. Abdominal tergites fused; aculeus tip with three pairs of preapical setae [host plants pods and fruit of Asclepiadaceae and Cucurbitaceae].......................................................................... Dacus Fabricius
- Abdominal tergites separate; aculeus tip with four pairs of preapical setae, sometimes reduced or absent [host plants fruit of numerous families but not Asclepiadaceae]................................................................. 3
3. Posterior lobe of lateral surstylus in male as long as anterior lobe; glans of phallus without patterned acrophallus............................................................................................ Bactrocera Macquart
- Posterior lobe of lateral surstylus in male 8−10 times longer than anterior lobe; glans of phallus with patterned acrophallus..................................................................................... Zeugodacus Hendel
4. Face fulvous with black, basal, transverse band; scutum and abdomen black; wing with black F-shaped band [host-plants fruit of Loranthaceae]....................................................................... Ceratitella Malloch
- Face fulvous without black transverse band, scutal and abdominal colour variable; wing pattern variably patterned [known host plants shoots or stems of Poaceae: Bambusoideae]........................................................... 5
5. Abdomen petiolate; head and thoracic chaetotaxy reduced..................................................... 6
- Abdomen not petiolate; chaetotaxy well developed........................................................... 7
6. Scutum largely brown with black patches or vittae; wing pattern dimidiate, without transverse bands; surstylus elongate and narrow with an elongate posterior lobe; aculeus tip weakly constricted and apically rounded; spermathecae round.......................................................................................... Ichneumonopsis Hardy
- Scutum black between lateral postsutural yellow vittae; wing with two curved black transverse bands; surstylus short and broad with a blunt posterior lobe; aculeus tip strongly constricted and with blunt apical point; spermathecae convoluted with bulbous apex.......................................................................... Dacimita David & Hancock
7. First flagellomere pointed dorsoapically................................................................... 8
- First flagellomere rounded apically...................................................................... 14
8. Green (in life), turning fulvous when preserved; wing with 3 oblique longitudinal yellow bands along anterior margin, M 1 and M 4 ................................................................................................. 9
- Colour variable, not green; wing with both longitudinal and/or transverse bands................................... 10
9. Occiput swollen, head as high as long....................................................... Galbifascia Hardy
- Occiput not swollen, head higher than long................................................ Xanthorrachis Bezzi
10. Scutum, scutellum and abdomen covered with short, black setae................................ Paraxarnuta Hardy
- Scutum, scutellum and abdomen not covered with short, black setae............................................ 11
11. Scutum fulvous to blackish-brown, without distinct yellow or white prescutellar markings; scutellum fulvous to yellow or medially darkened but without posterior black patches....................................................... 12
- Scutum with distinct yellow or white prescutellar markings, if not then scutellum with 3 large posterior black patches or mostly black posteriorly..................................................................................... 13
12. Wing with yellowish to brown transverse bands.......................................... Acrotaeniostola Hendel
- Wing dark brown with hyaline indentations and spots............................................ Phaeospila Bezzi
13. Wing with yellowish and brown longitudinal and transverse bands; if bands not prominent then apical portion with diffuse pattern.............................................................................. Acroceratitis Hendel
- Wing predominantly brown, with hyaline spots and indentations at least on apical half............. Phaeospilodes Hering
14. One pair of scutellar setae; aculeus tip bifid with serrations....................................... Dietheria Hardy
- Two pairs of scutellar setae; aculeus tip acute, not bifid...................................................... 15
15. Scutum fulvous to orange-brown with 3−5 longitudinal black vittae; prescutellar area without medial or dorsocentral yellow patches............................................................................................ 16
- Scutum often largely black or without longitudinal black vittae, if present then prescutellar area with medial or dorsocentral yellow patches...................................................................................... 17
16. Wing with radial-medial band transverse and not connected to apical band; scutum with only a medial longitudinal black vitta medial to line of dorsocentral setae.......................................................... Taeniostola Bezzi
- Wing with radial-medial band oblique and connected to apical band; scutum with 2 submedial and no medial longitudinal black vittae medial to line of dorsocentral setae........................................... Cyrtostola Hancock & Drew
17. Wing with two distinct costal bristles at end of vein Sc; subcostal band connected to radial-medial band [Pardalaspinus Hering, placed as a synonym by Hancock (1999), is often regarded as distinct (e.g. Kovac et al., 2006)........ Ceratitoides Hendel
- Wing with one or no costal bristle at end of vein Sc; subcostal band not connected to radial medial band............... 18
18. Frons in male devoid of frontal setae; female with 5−10 pairs of frontal setae; ocellar setae vestigial/absent; wing usually with a broad longitudinal band from base to apex; subapical band present or absent...................... Chaetellipsis Bezzi
- Frons with 2−3 pairs of well developed frontal setae in both sexes; ocellar setae vestigial to moderately developed; wing with radial-medial band connected to posterior apical band....................................................... 19
19. Mid tibia with two subequal spines; postpronotal seta absent...................................... Anoplomus Bezzi
- Mid tibia with single apical spine; postpronotol seta present................................................... 21
20. Scutum, scutellum and abdomen mostly black; single anepisternal seta......................... Proanoplomus Shiraki
- Scutum reddish-brown to black, abdomen not entirely black; 2 anepisternal setae...................... Gastrozona Bezzi
description: Published as part of David, K. J., Hancock, D. L., Gracy, R. G. & Sachin, K., 2022, A new genus of fruit fly in subfamily Dacinae (Diptera: Tephritidae) from India, pp. 585-597 in Zootaxa 5195 (6) on pages 592-593, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7224027