cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
INCREASING HEALTH LITERACY AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG HISPANIC AND LATINO STUDENTS IN DURHAM COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS THROUGH SCHOOL MEALS
Creators: name: Berube, Rebecca
name: Hammouda, Rana
name: Luthra, Veda
name: Lercher, Daniel
name: Wilgenburg, Anna
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Education access and quality is a key social determinant of health that has a major influence on wellbeing (Healthy People 2030, n.d.). Higher levels of education have been shown to lead to increased opportunities, employment, income, and health status (The Lancet Public Health, 2020). Health literacy plays a large role in the decreased health status among those with lower educational attainment. Inadequate health literacy has been shown to have a stronger association with poor health than age, income, employment status, or race (Shahid et al., 2022). Within Durham County, race is highly associated with educational attainment, as over 50% of both Hispanic males and females do not have a high school diploma compared to less than 5% of white males and females (Statistical Atlas, 2018). This proposal will create both a cultural school meal food program as well as a health literacy and English-as-a-second-language (ESL) curriculum within Durham Public Schools (DPS). These proposed programs will create improvements in academic performance and health literacy among Hispanic/Latino youth, leading to long term improvements in the overall health status of Durham County’s greater Hispanic/Latino community.
Keywords: Social determinant of health, education, cultural/traditional meals, health literacy, English-as-a-second-language (ESL), Hispanic/Latino students/community, Durham County, North Carolina
Machine Vision and Processing
Creators: name: ETLsoft Kft.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Nowadays, the solution of more and more tasks that previously required human resources is being replaced by various automated target machines and algorithms. At the end of the various production processes, in general multiple optical control stations and systems can be found. Digital image processing is playing an increasingly important role in industrial quality control. Due to the rapid development of automation, the role of human resources is being replaced or supplemented by various robots, manufacturing and control machines. In many cases, an optical inspection system can do much faster and more accurate job against human resources. Various lighting methods and camera tests make these products able to detect small defects or meet special needs, all with a minimum cycle time that an operator is no longer able to. The main function of these machines is visual quality controling. During the process, different types of cameras, lasers and illuminations examine certain parameters of the given product. Thanks to today’s advanced technology, these tests are much faster, more reliable and more stable than tests performed by human resources. The purpose of the machine included in the tender is to implement an automatic optical inspection system. The theoretical background of digital image processing is explained in the first half of the publication. Different image types and image processing tools, like color spaces, or image segmentation process, and the most popular algorithms responsible for image processing, such as object detection and pattern matching are detailed in this document. Thereafter, the publication presents of imaging tools; it describes the types of cameras, the characteristics of the optical lenses, the considerations important for the selection of the camera and optics, and also the types of illumination. In a view of these, the principle of 3D imaging is explained, and then the document covers a general introduction to automatic optical inspection systems. Ultimately, the publication presents the completed 3D table, describes the validation procedure, and finally concludes with a summary of the results of the measurements.
Metropolitan Planning Organizations as a Vehicle for Regional Housing Planning
Creators: name: Patronella, Amy
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: There are myriad factors contributing to the national housing shortage. However, localities and their approaches to housing development have played a significant role in the current crisis. This is partially because of the nature and structure of local control but localities’ decisions related to fiscal policy, land use planning, and zoning have in many cases, limited housing development in places where it is most needed. Expanding regional planning authority offers an avenue to ameliorate many of these issues. Importantly, there is already a regional planning authority well positioned to perform this work – Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs). Though MPOs have been historically siloed in transportation planning, some MPOs have recognized the need for broader regional planning and have begun to perform housing planning as well. The MPOs for the Twin Cities metro area and the Portland, Oregon metro area are often cited as examples of MPOs that have successfully evolved into multipurpose governments with regional housing planning (and have been exhaustively studied). However, a second wave of MPOs has begun interventions in regional housing planning. This case study analysis uses interviews to evaluate the second generation of MPOs with expanded powers in regional housing planning – with an analysis of their varied approaches.
Probing the topological properties of complex networks modeling short written texts
Creators: name: Amancio, Diego R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, graph theory has been widely employed to probe several language properties. More specifically, the so-called word adjacency model has been proven useful for tackling several practical problems, especially those relying on textual stylistic analysis. The most common approach to treat texts as networks has simply considered either large pieces of texts or entire books. This approach has certainly worked well -- many informative discoveries have been made this way -- but it raises an uncomfortable question: could there be important topological patterns in small pieces of texts? To address this problem, the topological properties of subtexts sampled from entire books was probed. Statistical analyzes performed on a dataset comprising 50 novels revealed that most of the traditional topological measurements are stable for short subtexts. When the performance of the authorship recognition task was analyzed, it was found that a proper sampling yields a discriminability similar to the one found with full texts. Surprisingly, the support vector machine classification based on the characterization of short texts outperformed the one performed with entire books. These findings suggest that a local topological analysis of large documents might improve its global characterization. Most importantly, it was verified, as a proof of principle, that short texts can be analyzed with the methods and concepts of complex networks. As a consequence, the techniques described here can be extended in a straightforward fashion to analyze texts as time-varying complex networks.
The Complete Streets Solution to Address Walking and Biking Infrastructure Challenges to Increase Food Access and Public Safety in Durham County NC
Creators: name: Kraus, Meredith
name: Rothstein, Sarah
name: Moreno, Sara
name: Noe, Violet
name: Pancholi, Thayjus
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: The Neighborhood and Built Environment domain of the Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) describes
physical aspects of a community that influence the health of residents, such as safe places for physical activity and
proximity to healthy food retailers (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion [OASH], n.d.). There are
many disparities in the distribution of walkable and bikeable spaces, pedestrian safety, and food access between
majority high-income white and majority low-income Black neighborhoods in Durham County, and these disparities
contribute to inequities in health and well-being (Moore, 2022; OASH, n.d.). Through the implementation of a state
policy and a nutrition program designed to improve the existing walking and biking infrastructure of Durham
County, this proposal aims to increase the proportion of Durham County residents who walk or bike to get to places
and to reduce health disparities by increasing access to physical activity opportunities and healthy food options.
Full sky harmonic analysis hints at large UHECR deflections
Creators: name: Tinyakov, P. G.
name: Urban, F. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The full-sky multipole coefficients of the ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) flux have been measured for the first time by the Pierre Auger and Telescope Array collaborations using a joint data set with E > 10 EeV. We calculate these harmonic coefficients in the model where UHECR are protons and sources trace the local matter distribution, and compare our results with observations. We find that the expected power for low multipoles (dipole and quadrupole, in particular) is sytematically higher than in the data: the observed flux is too isotropic. We then investigate to which degree our predictions are influenced by UHECR deflections in the regular Galactic magnetic field (GMF). It turns out that the UHECR power spectrum coefficients $C_\ell$ are quite insensitive to the effects of the GMF, so it is unlikely that the discordance can be reconciled by tuning the GMF model. On the contrary, a sizeable fraction of uniformly distributed flux (representing for instance an admixture of heavy nuclei with considerably larger deflections) can bring simulations and observations to an accord.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures and one table, JETPL style -- v2 as published in JETPL
INCREASING HEALTH LITERACY AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG HISPANIC AND LATINO STUDENTS IN DURHAM COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS THROUGH SCHOOL MEALS
Creators: name: Wilgenburg, Anna
name: Berube, Rebecca
name: Luthra, Veda
name: Lercher, Daniel
name: Hammouda, Rana
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Education access and quality is a key social determinant of health that has a major influence on wellbeing (Healthy People 2030, n.d.). Higher levels of education have been shown to lead to increased opportunities, employment, income, and health status (The Lancet Public Health, 2020). Health literacy plays a large role in the decreased health status among those with lower educational attainment. Inadequate health literacy has been shown to have a stronger association with poor health than age, income, employment status, or race (Shahid et al., 2022). Within Durham County, race is highly associated with educational attainment, as over 50% of both Hispanic males and females do not have a high school diploma compared to less than 5% of white males and females (Statistical Atlas, 2018). This proposal will create both a cultural school meal food program as well as a health literacy and English-as-a-second-language (ESL) curriculum within Durham Public Schools (DPS). These proposed programs will create improvements in academic performance and health literacy among Hispanic/Latino youth, leading to long term improvements in the overall health status of Durham County’s greater Hispanic/Latino community.
Radiation reaction induced non-monotonic features in runaway electron distributions
Creators: name: Hirvijoki, E.
name: Pusztai, I.
name: Decker, J.
name: Embréus, O.
name: Stahl, A.
name: Fülöp, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Runaway electrons, which are generated in a plasma where the induced electric field exceeds a certain critical value, can reach very high energies in the MeV range. For such energetic electrons, radiative losses will contribute significantly to the momentum space dynamics. Under certain conditions, due to radiative momentum losses, a non-monotonic feature - a "bump" - can form in the runaway electron tail, creating a potential for bump-on-tail-type instabilities to arise. Here we study the conditions for the existence of the bump. We derive an analytical threshold condition for bump appearance and give an approximate expression for the minimum energy at which the bump can appear. Numerical calculations are performed to support the analytical derivations.
description: Submitted to Journal of Plasma Physics
MPEC 2023-U92 : 2023 TM27
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 TM27

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Recurrent Novae in M31
Creators: name: Shafter, A. W.
name: Henze, M.
name: Rector, T. A.
name: Schweizer, F.
name: Hornoch, K.
name: Orio, M.
name: Pietsch, W.
name: Darnley, M. J.
name: Williams, S. C.
name: Bode, M. F.
name: Bryan, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reported positions of 964 suspected nova eruptions in M31 recorded through the end of calendar year 2013 have been compared in order to identify recurrent nova candidates. To pass the initial screen and qualify as a recurrent nova candidate two or more eruptions were required to be coincident within 0.1', although this criterion was relaxed to 0.15' for novae discovered on early photographic patrols. A total of 118 eruptions from 51 potential recurrent nova systems satisfied the screening criterion. To determine what fraction of these novae are indeed recurrent the original plates and published images of the relevant eruptions have been carefully compared. This procedure has resulted in the elimination of 27 of the 51 progenitor candidates (61 eruptions) from further consideration as recurrent novae, with another 8 systems (17 eruptions) deemed unlikely to be recurrent. Of the remaining 16 systems, 12 candidates (32 eruptions) were judged to be recurrent novae, with an additional 4 systems (8 eruptions) being possibly recurrent. It is estimated that ~4% of the nova eruptions seen in M31 over the past century are associated with recurrent novae. A Monte Carlo analysis shows that the discovery efficiency for recurrent novae may be as low as 10% that for novae in general, suggesting that as many as one in three nova eruptions observed in M31 arise from progenitor systems having recurrence times
description: Accepted for Publication in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement (81 pages, 48 figures, 6 tables)
Brane induced cosmological acceleration and crossing of w_{eff}=-1
Creators: name: Motoyui, Nobuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmological observation indicates that the effective equation of state parameter $w_{eff}$ varies with $z$: It changes from $w_{eff}>-1$ to $w_{eff}
description: 18 pages, 10 figures. v2: typos corrected
IgG N-Glycosylation Cardiovascular Age Tracks Cardiovascular Risk Beyond Calendar Age
Creators: name: Wu, Z
name: Guo, Z
name: Zheng, Y
name: Wang, Y
name: Zhang, H
name: Pan, H
name: Li, Z
name: Balmer, L
name: Li, Xia
name: Tao, L
name: Guo, X
name: Wang, W
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering

description: The use of an altered immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycan pattern as an inflammation metric has been reported in subclinical atherosclerosis and metabolic disorders, both of which are important risk factors in cardiovascular health. However, the usable capacity of IgG N-glycosylation profiles for the risk stratification of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains unknown. This study aimed to develop a cardiovascular aging index for tracking cardiovascular risk using IgG N-glycans. This cross-sectional investigation enrolled 1465 individuals aged 40–70 years from the Busselton Healthy and Ageing Study. We stepwise selected the intersection of altered N-glycans using feature-selection methods in machine learning (recursive feature elimination and penalized regression algorithms) and developed an IgG N-glycosylation cardiovascular age (GlyCage) index to reflect the deviation from calendar age attributable to cardiovascular risk. The strongest contributors to GlyCage index were fucosylated N-glycans with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) (glycan peak 6 (GP6), FA2B,) and digalactosylated N-glycans with bisecting GlcNAc (GP13, A2BG2). A one-unit increase of GlyCage was significantly associated with a higher Framingham ten-year cardiovascular risk (odds ratio (OR), 1.09; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.05–1.13) and probability of CVDs (OR, 1.07; 95% CI: 1.01–1.13) independent of calendar age. Individuals with excessive GlyCage (exceeding a calendar age > 3 years) had an increased cardiovascular risk and probability of CVDs, with adjusted ORs of 2.22 (95% CI: 1.41–3.53) and 2.71 (95% CI: 1.25–6.41), respectively. The area under curve (AUC) values of discriminating high cardiovascular risk and events were 0.73 and 0.65 for GlyCage index, and 0.65 and 0.63 for calendar age. The GlyCage index developed in this study can thus be used to track cardiovascular health using IgG N-glycosylation profiles. The distance between GlyCage and calendar age independently indicates the cardiovascular risk, suggesting that IgG N-glycosylation plays a role in the pathogenesis of CVDs. The generalization of the observed associations and the predictive capability of GlyCage index require external and longitudinal validation in other populations.
Probing barrier transmission in ballistic graphene
Creators: name: Gunlycke, Daniel
name: White, Carter T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the local density of states from itinerant and boundary states around transport barriers and edges in graphene and show that the itinerant states lead to mesoscale undulations that could be used to probe their scattering properties in equilibrium without the need for lateral transport measurements. This finding will facilitate vetting of extended structural defects such as grain boundaries or line defects as transport barriers for switchable graphene resonant tunneling transistors. We also show that barriers could exhibit double minima and that the charge density away from highly reflective barriers and edges scales as $x^{-2}$.
description: 5 pages and 6 figures
ENHANCING SOCIAL SUPPORT WITH A COMMUNITY-BASED NUTRITION PROGRAM FOR HISPANIC AND BLACK MOTHERS TO ADDRESS INFANT  MORTALITY DISPARITIES IN DURHAM COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Creators: name: Smith, Ashya
name: Mccray, Carly
name: Essenmacher, Mikayla
name: Fogg, Gabrielle
name: Moberley, Alexa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Among the United States Department of Health and Human Services’ (USDHHS) Healthy People 2030 objectives, social and community context is a social determinant of health (SDoH) that represents the relationships and interactions between individuals where they live and work. These dynamics are significant factors in promoting and understanding health behaviors and outcomes in a population. Specifically, infant mortality is an example of a health outcome that disproportionately affects certain racial subgroups in the United States. Although the primary causes of infant mortality are complex and often multifaceted, one’s social and community support network can play a pivotal role in reducing the risk of experiencing infant mortality. In Durham County, North Carolina (NC), Hispanic and Black families suffer from high rates of infant mortality compared to White families. The 2020 Durham County Community Health Assessment reports that these poor birth outcomes are frequently related to delayed prenatal care and racial bias; both of which are reflective of the social environment of healthcare. The purpose of this proposal is to leverage social supports for Black and Hispanic mothers through the implementation of accessible and immersive community-based prenatal care services to promote positive birth experiences, outcomes, and ultimately mitigate the disparities in infant mortality among Durham County, NC.
Quantum Boltzmann equation for spin-dependent reactions in the kinetic regime
Creators: name: Fürst, Martin L. R.
name: Kotulla, Markus
name: Mendl, Christian B.
name: Spohn, Herbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive and analyze an effective quantum Boltzmann equation in the kinetic regime for the interactions of four distinguishable types of fermionic spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ particles, starting from a general quantum field Hamiltonian. Each particle type is described by a time-dependent, $2 \times 2$ spin-density ("Wigner") matrix. We show that density and energy conservation laws as well as the H-theorem hold, and enumerate additional conservation laws depending on the interaction. The conserved quantities characterize the $t \to \infty$ thermal (Fermi-Dirac) equilibrium state. We illustrate the approach to equilibrium by numerical simulations in the isotropic three-dimensional setting.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Non-perturbative studies of N=2 conformal quiver gauge theories
Creators: name: Ashok, S. K.
name: Billó, M.
name: Dell'Aquila, E.
name: Frau, M.
name: John, R. R.
name: Lerda, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study N=2 super-conformal field theories in four dimensions that correspond to mass-deformed linear quivers with n gauge groups and (bi-)fundamental matter. We describe them using Seiberg-Witten curves obtained from an M-theory construction and via the AGT correspondence. We take particular care in obtaining the detailed relation between the parameters appearing in these descriptions and the physical quantities of the quiver gauge theories. This precise map allows us to efficiently reconstruct the non-perturbative prepotential that encodes the effective IR properties of these theories. We give explicit expressions in the cases n=1,2, also in the presence of an Omega-background in the Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit. All our results are successfully checked against those of the direct microscopic evaluation of the prepotential a la Nekrasov using localization methods.
description: 56 pages, 7 figures, PdfLaTeX. v2: a few references added, version to appear on Fortschritte der Physik
ADVANCING MENTAL HEALTH AND NUTRITIONAL WELL-BEING AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN DURHAM PUBLIC SCHOOLS WITH SCHOOL-BASED TELEHEALTH THERAPY AND EVIDENCE-BASED NUTRITION EDUCATION
Creators: name: Walker, Alyssa
name: Bei, Jiaxun
name: Schranck, Virginia
name: Eisen, Harper
name: Welch, Mikayla
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Education access and quality is a social determinant of health that impacts individuals' health outcomes, as
those with higher education often live longer, healthier lives (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
2023). Physical and mental health can impact an individual's ability to attend and engage in classes, therefore
impacting their academic performance. In Durham County, North Carolina 35% of high school students reported
feelings of depression and 28% of high school students described themselves as overweight in 2019 (Naney, 2019;
Obesity, Diabetes, and Food Access, 2022). We hope to increase equity while addressing mental health and
nutritional well-being for all students at Durham County public high schools by providing greater opportunities and
resources with school-based telehealth therapy and the Let’s Eat Healthy Nutrition curriculum that can boost their
overall health and education.

Keywords: Social determinant of health, education access, mental health, nutrition education, Durham County
Pump-Controlled Modal Interactions in Microdisk Lasers
Creators: name: Liew, Seng Fatt
name: Ge, Li
name: Redding, Brandon
name: Solomon, Glenn S.
name: Cao, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate an effective control of nonlinear interactions of lasing modes in a semiconductor microdisk cavity by shaping the pump profile. A target mode is selected at the expense of its competing modes either by increasing their lasing thresholds or suppressing their power slopes above the lasing threshold. Despite of strong spatial overlap of the lasing modes at the disk boundary, adaptive pumping enables an efficient selection of any lasing mode to be the dominant one, leading to a switch of lasing frequency. The theoretical analysis illustrates both linear and nonlinear effects of selective pumping, and quantify their contributions to lasing mode selection. This work shows that adaptive pumping not only provides a powerful tool of controlling the nonlinear process in multimode lasers, but also enables the tuning of lasing characteristic after the lasers have been fabricated.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
A subpicotesla diamond magnetometer
Creators: name: Wolf, Thomas
name: Neumann, Philipp
name: Nakamura, Kazuo
name: Sumiya, Hitoshi
name: Isoya, Junichi
name: Wrachtrup, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diamond defect centers are promising solid state magnetometers. Single centers allow for high spatial resolution field imaging but are limited in their magnetic field sensitivity to around 10 nT/Hz^(1/2) at room-temperature. Using defect center ensembles sensitivity can be scaled as N^(1/2) when N is the number of defects. In the present work we use an ensemble of 1e11 defect centers for sensing. By carefully eliminating all noise sources like laser intensity fluctuations, microwave amplitude and phase noise we achieve a photon shot noise limited field sensitivity of 0.9 pT/Hz^(1/2) at room-temperature with an effective sensor volume of 8.5e-4 mm^3. The smallest field we measured with our device is 100 fT. While this denotes the best diamond magnetometer sensitivity so far, further improvements using decoupling sequences and material optimization could lead to fT/Hz^(1/2) sensitivity.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures; co-authors added, typos corrected; minor changes to text and figures - results unchanged
Friendships On- and Off-line: The Effect that Posting on Instagram has on Friendship Quality
Creators: name: Amy Xu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Although decades of research have highlighted the development and importance of (offline) peer relations, social media has complicated the ways adolescents interact today. Digital interactions create novel, permanently recorded and quantifiable reflections of relationships and may affect offline peer relations in important ways. With a sample of older adolescents (n = 409, grades 10-12, 62.1% female), we explored the ways online and offline interactions affect adolescents’ friendships, including reasons for making positive posts about friendships online. Exploratory factor analysis suggested adolescents make “friendship posts” for two primary reasons: 1) to show off their friendships and gain popularity (4 items) or 2) to express caring and support for a friend (3 items; Cronbach’s alphas = .86, .91, respectively). Supporting convergent validity, concurrent correlations suggest that adolescents who make both types of posts were rated as more interested in gaining digital status by their peers, but only adolescents who made more “showing” posts endorsed a desire for popularity via self-report. Longitudinal regressions suggest “caring” posts at time one reduced in-person best friend conflict one year later (time two), while “showing” posts increased in-person best friendship conflict at time two, over and above the effects of peer-rated digital status seeking, self-reported desire for popularity, and conflict at time one. “Showing” and “caring” posts were not associated longitudinally with best friend companionship or intimate disclosure. Our findings suggest that rather than merely reflecting the state of in-person relationships, adolescents’ posts online can have downstream effects on the quality of their in-person best friendships. Moreover, though making any “friendship post” might appear innocuous on its face, the poster’s intent may matter, as posting with the desire to gain popularity appears to increase offline friendship conflict. Previous research suggests that (offline) friendship conflict, though stressful, is an important setting for learning about social structures, communication, and collaboration. As adolescents’ technology use continues to increase, it is crucial that researchers consider how teens’ online and offline worlds overlap and transform each other and how these changing social interactions affect their development.
Topological Defects in Systems with Two Competing Order Parameters: Application to Superconductors with Charge- and Spin-Density Waves
Creators: name: Moor, Andreas
name: Volkov, Anatoly F.
name: Efetov, Konstantin B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of coupled Ginzburg--Landau equations we study nonhomogeneous states in systems with two order parameters~(OP). Superconductors with superconducting OP~$Δ$, and charge- or spin-density wave (CDW or SDW) with amplitude~$W$ are examples of such systems. When one of OP, say~$Δ$, has a form of a topological defect, like, e.g., vortex or domain wall between the domains with the phases~$0$ and~$π$, the other OP~$W$ is determined by the Gross--Pitaevskii equation and is localized at the center of the defect. We consider in detail the domain wall defect for~$Δ$ and show that the shape of the associated solution for~$W$ depends on temperature and doping (or on the curvature of the Fermi surface)~$μ$. It turns out that, provided temperature or doping level are close to some discrete values~$T_{n}$ and~$μ_{n}$, the spacial dependence of the function~$W(x)$ is determined by the form of the eigenfunctions of the linearized Gross--Pitaevskii equation. The spacial dependence of~$W_{0}$ corresponding to the ground state has the form of a soliton, while other possible solutions~$W_{n}(x)$ have nodes. Inverse situation~when~$W(x)$ has the form of a topological defect and~$Δ(x)$ is localized at the center of this defect is also possible. In particular, we predict a surface or interfacial superconductivity in a system where a superconductor is in contact with a material that suppresses~$W$. This superconductivity should have rather unusual temperature dependence existing only in certain intervals of temperature. Possible experimental realizations of such non-homogeneous states of OPs are discussed.
description: Published version
High Resolution Imaging and Analysis of Single Extracellular Vesicles Using Mass Spectral Imaging and Machine Learning
Creators: name: Bamford, Sarah
name: Vassileff, Natasha
name: Spiers, Jereme
name: Gardner, Wil
name: Winkler, David
name: Muir, Benjamin
name: Hill, Andrew
name: Pigram, Paul
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 321101
subject: Cancer cell biology
classificationCode: 4611
subject: Machine learning

description: Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potentially useful biomarkers for disease detection and monitoring. Development of a label‐free technique for imaging and distinguishing small volumes of EVs from different cell types and cell states would be of great value. Here, we have designed a method to explore the chemical changes in EVs associated with neuroinflammation using Time‐of‐Flight Secondary Ion Mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) and machine learning (ML). Mass spectral imaging was able to identify and differentiate EVs released by microglia following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation compared to a control group. This process requires a much smaller sample size (1 µL) than other molecular analysis methods (up to 50 µL). Conspicuously, we saw a reduction in free cysteine thiols (a marker of cellular oxidative stress associated with neuroinflammation) in EVs from microglial cells treated with LPS, consistent with the reduced cellular free thiol levels measured experimentally. This validates the synergistic combination of ToF‐SIMS and ML as a sensitive and valuable technique for collecting and analysing molecular data from EVs at high resolution.
USING HANDS-ON NUTRITION EDUCATION TO IMPROVE READING PROFICIENCY AMONG STUDENTS IN DURHAM PUBLIC SCHOOLS, NC
Creators: name: Jin, Ying
name: Peng, Jing
name: Reynolds, Emma
name: Bierly, Cheyanne
name: Lohmann, Maria
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: The Education domain of the social determinants of health (SDOH) impacts length of life and general health over an individual’s lifetime (Healthy People 2030). Early childhood reading proficiency is an aspect of education in the public school system that can influence the academic, emotional, and social wellbeing of children (Reading Foundation, 2023). In Durham County, North Carolina, the reading proficiency test scores for elementary students are lower than that for the state of North Carolina, with a further disparity observed in Black and Hispanic students compared to white students in Durham Public Schools (Durham Public Schools, 2023). Nutrition status is an indicator of a child’s overall health, which is associated with their attentiveness and receptiveness to school lessons (Cadiz-Gabjan & Quirino, 2021). Dietary habits formed in childhood influence the habits continued into adulthood, which consequently influences overall health (Chaudhary et al., 2020). Poor nutrition will also negatively influence school attendance, which leads to decreased academic performance (Virginia Commonwealth, 2015). This proposal aims to create a program designed for Durham County Public Schools integrating various school subjects into hands-on nutrition lessons aiming to increase attendance rates and standardized test scores in mathematics, reading, and science among Black and Hispanic students in Durham Public Schools. 
Keywords: Social determinant of health, reading proficiency, nutrition education, Durham County, North Carolina
Tevatron Constraints on Models of the Higgs Boson with Exotic Spin and Parity Using Decays to Bottom-Antibottom Quark Pairs
Creators: name: CDF, The
name: Collaborations, D0
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combined constraints from the CDF and D0 Collaborations on models of the Higgs boson with exotic spin $J$ and parity $P$ are presented and compared with results obtained assuming the standard model value $J^P=0^+$. Both collaborations analyzed approximately 10~fb$^{-1}$ of proton-antiproton collisions with a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV collected at the Fermilab Tevatron. Two models predicting exotic Higgs bosons with $J^P=0^-$ and $J^P=2^+$ are tested. The kinematic properties of exotic Higgs boson production in association with a vector boson differ from those predicted for the standard model Higgs boson. Upper limits at the 95% credibility level on the production rates of the exotic Higgs bosons, expressed as fractions of the standard model Higgs boson production rate, are set at 0.36 for both the $J^P=0^-$ hypothesis and the $J^P=2^+$ hypothesis. If the production rate times the branching ratio to a bottom-antibottom pair is the same as that predicted for the standard model Higgs boson, then the exotic bosons are excluded with significances of 5.0 standard deviations and 4.9 standard deviations for the $J^P=0^-$ and $J^P=2^+$ hypotheses, respectively.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, accepted by PRL
ADDRESSING ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES AMONG LATINO YOUTH IN DURHAM COUNTY, NC, USING A TRAUMA-INFORMED FINANCIAL EMPOWERMENT PROGRAM AND ATTACHMENT BEHAVIORAL CATCH-UP PROGRAM
Creators: name: Conery, Karlyn
name: Rogus, Charlotte
name: Yeh, Tiffany
name: Mazloum, Mona
name: Tamayo, Milicen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Social and community context is a specific social determinant of health (SDOH) that highlights the influence of relationships between people and organizations on the well-being of people within a community (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, n.d.). Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) refer to incidents occurring during childhood (ages 0-17) that have the potential to cause trauma and affect an individual's mental and physical health later in life. Such events are directly influenced by interactions with people and organizations (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). Risk factors for ACEs include, but are not limited to, food insecurity, poverty, physical or emotional abuse, or having parents or caregivers with mental health and substance abuse disorders (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). In Durham County, North Carolina, Latino communities are at higher risk for ACE’s, as they experience ACE risk factors at increased levels. It was reported that within the Latino population in Durham County, 19% of individuals are food insecure and 31% live below the federal poverty line- disproportionately high compared to white communities in the same area (7% and 8% respectively (Feeding America 2020; Durham County Department of Public Health, 2021). This can have significant impacts on affected individuals in Latino communities, such as long-term negative health outcomes and decreased life opportunities. This can ultimately perpetuate the continuation of intergenerational toxic stress (CDC). To reduce ACE exposure, the upstream factors contributing to ACE development must be examined. This proposal aims to address upstream influences contributing to ACEs in the Latino community through financial empowerment classes and an Attachment Biobehavioral Catch-Up (ABC) program. These two programs have been shown to improve food security status and lower cortisol levels in children, which helps to reduce ACE exposure, toxic stress, and helps to break the cycle of intergenerational trauma. The following proposal will discuss program and policy design, implementation, and program evaluation. Additionally, budget information, key community partners, and engagement strategies needed for program support will also be reviewed.
Experience on 3D Silicon Sensors for ATLAS IBL
Creators: name: Darbo, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 3D silicon sensors, where plasma micro-machining is used to etch deep narrow apertures in the silicon substrate to form electrodes of PIN junctions, represent possible solutions for inner pixel layers of the tracking detectors in high energy physics experiments. This type of sensors has been developed for the Insertable B-Layer (IBL), an additional pixel layer that has been installed in ATLAS during the present shutdown of the LHC collider at CERN. It is presented here the experience in designing, testing and qualifying sensors and detector modules that have been used to equip part of the IBL. Based on the gained experience with 3D silicon sensors for the ATLAS IBL, we discuss possible new developments for the upgrade of ATLAS and CMS at the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC).
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, conference proceedings for International Workshop on Semiconductor Pixel Detectors for Particles and Imaging (PIXEL2014), will be published on JINST
Haunch High Snow
Creators: name: Stelse, Anastasia R.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Longing. We all long for something--love, immortality, a place that doesn't exist anymore, the past. Haunch High Snow explores the conflicting way we long to be remembered and are forgotten, the need to preserve our histories to find ourselves and simultaneously the way we must forget in order to survive. We are tied to the past--ours', others'--even as we forget, even as we try to move on. It shapes and creates us, our world. It is a web. Human. Animal. Snow falls, but in melting leaves behind nutrient rich water; nature revives itself again come spring.
INCREASING FOOD ACCESS IN HISTORICALLY REDLINED NEIGHBORHOODS IN DURHAM COUNTY, NC THROUGH MOBILE MARKETS WITH NUTRITION EDUCATION
Creators: name: Mathewson, Jared C.
name: Qu, Xiaorui
name: Roberts, Madison Grace
name: Rains, Jacob
name: Xu, Ruihan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Neighborhood and Built Environment, one of the five social determinants of health, encompasses the living, working, and recreational space which influence health outcomes (US EPA, 2017). Food access is one top issue currently facing the residents of Durham County (Hicks & Mortiboy, 2021). Access is determined by availability (number of food sources), accessibility (transportation to a food source), and affordability (cost of food) (USDHHS, 2022). In several neighborhoods within Durham city limits, less than 1% of residents have access to a nearby grocery store (Data Works NC, 2023). Our proposal aims to alleviate food access concerns by providing direct access to fresh fruits and vegetables within select communities via a mobile market. By modifying the built environment of Durham County, this program will increase consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables and improve long term health outcomes. 

Keywords: Food Access, Built Environment, Durham County, North Carolina, Social Determinant of Health
Islands of Success in a Sea of Potential: An Implementation Analysis of Restorative Practices in Chapel Hill Carrboro City Schools
Creators: name: Rappe, Kelsey
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: This thesis seeks to answer the following question: Has the Chapel Hill Carrboro City Schools District reached its target goals for restorative practices? The district’s three-year plan for implementing restorative practices set out goals of reducing discipline referrals and decreasing discipline disproportionality, in addition to making space for student voice in the classroom. The researcher performed an implementation analysis of these practices by comparing disciplinary data from the three years (2017-2020) to stated goals and conducting interviews with administrators and teachers in the district. This study has policy significance not only because it adds to the limited body of literature on restorative practices’ implementation, but also because it can better inform school stakeholders and policymakers on both successful approaches and key challenges to implementation.

Results of both quantitative and qualitative analysis indicated that the district largely failed to meet its target metrics of decreasing overall referrals by 10% and decreasing discipline disproportionality by 20% each year. Although the first year of implementation saw a decrease in overall referrals and Black students did see consecutive decreases in discipline disproportionality, the district did not succeed in consistently reaching these goals across years and racial groups. Furthermore, each interview participant expressed that restorative practices were not as effective as they had the potential to be because of implementation challenges including a lack of central accountability and support, varying understandings of restorative practices, and disappointing student responses, among other obstacles. In light of these challenges, the researcher recommends that the district 1) create a centralized office to oversee implementation and training, 2) increase student engagement through training and leadership opportunities, and 3) clearly define and communicate their motivation for employing restorative practices to the greater school community.
Metal-Insulator Transition of Dirac Fermions: Variational Cluster Study
Creators: name: Ebato, Masaki
name: Kaneko, Tatsuya
name: Ohta, Yukinori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A comparative study is made on the metal-insulator transition of Dirac fermions in the honeycomb and π-flux Hubbard models at half filling by means of the variational cluster approximation and cluster dynamical impurity approximation. Paying particular attention to the choice of the geometry of solver clusters and the inclusion of particle-bath sites, we show that the direct transition from the Dirac semimetallic state to the antiferromagnetic Mott insulator state occurs in these models, and therefore, the spin liquid phase is absent in the intermediate region, in agreement with recent quantum-Monte-Carlo--based calculations.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Testing a class of non-Kerr metrics with hot spots orbiting SgrA$^*$
Creators: name: Liu, Dan
name: Li, Zilong
name: Bambi, Cosimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SgrA$^*$, the supermassive black hole candidate at the Galactic Center, exhibits flares in the X-ray, NIR, and sub-mm bands that may be interpreted within a hot spot model. Light curves and images of hot spots orbiting a black hole are affected by a number of special and general relativistic effects, and they can be potentially used to check whether the object is a Kerr black hole of general relativity. However, in a previous study we have shown that the relativistic features are usually subdominant with respect to the background noise and the model-dependent properties of the hot spot, and eventually it is at most possible to estimate the frequency of the innermost stable circular orbit. In this case, tests of the Kerr metric are only possible in combination with other measurements. In the present work, we consider a class of non-Kerr spacetimes in which the hot spot orbit may be outside the equatorial plane. These metrics are difficult to constrain from the study of accretion disks and indeed current X-ray observations of stellar-mass and supermassive black hole candidates cannot put interesting bounds. Here we show that near future observations of SgrA$^*$ may do it. If the hot spot is sufficiently close to the massive object, the image affected by Doppler blueshift is brighter than the other one and this provides a specific observational signature in the hot spot's centroid track. We conclude that accurate astrometric observations of SgrA$^*$ with an instrument like GRAVITY should be able to test this class of metrics, except in the more unlikely case of a small viewing angle.
description: 1+14 pages, 3 figures. v2: refereed version