cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Early evolution of optimal perturbations in a viscosity-stratified channel
Creators: name: Thakur, Ritabrata
name: Sharma, Arjun
name: Govindarajan, Rama
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work shows how the early stages of perturbation growth in a viscosity-stratified flow are different from those in a constant-viscosity flow, and how nonlinearity is a crucial ingredient. We derive the viscosity-varying adjoint Navier-Stokes equations, where gradients in viscosity force both the adjoint momentum and the adjoint scalar (here temperature). By the technique of direct-adjoint looping, we obtain the nonlinear optimal perturbation which maximises the perturbation kinetic energy of the nonlinear system. While we study three-dimensional plane Poiseuille (channel) flow with the walls at different temperatures, and a temperature-dependent viscosity, our findings are general for any flow with viscosity variations near walls. The Orr and modified lift-up mechanisms are in operation at low and high perturbation amplitudes respectively at our subcritical Reynolds number. The nonlinear optimal perturbation contains more energy on the hot (less-viscous) side, with a stronger initial lift-up. However, as the flow evolves, the important dynamics shifts to the cold (more-viscous) side, where wide high-speed streaks of low viscosity grow and persist, and strengthen the inflectional quality of the velocity profile. We provide a physical description of this process, and show that the evolution of the linear optimal perturbation misses most of the physics. The Prandtl number does not qualitatively affect the findings at these times. The study of nonlinear optimal perturbations is still in its infancy, and viscosity variations are ubiquitous. We hope that this first work on nonlinear optimal perturbation with viscosity variations will lead to wider studies on transition to turbulence in these flows.
description: 29 pages, 19 figures
THE ECONOMICS OF LAND-ZONING
Creators: name: Goetz, Renan-Ulrich
name: Zilberman, David
name: Goetz, Renan-Ulrich
name: Zilberman, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: land-use taxes
subject: zoning
subject: land allocation

description: Land-use restrictions are frequently applied to separate polluting from non-polluting activities. In contrast to the existing literature, we incorporate spatial and intertemporal aspects of the problem simultaneously and determine the border of the zones endogenously. The results, based on a two-stage optimization method, show that non-spatially differentiated Pigouvian taxes on the final emissions are able to establish the socially optimal outcome. Second-best instruments alone, such as a spatially differentiated tax on inputs or outputs are not able to support the socially optimal outcome and need to be complemented by land-zoning or land-use taxes. We compare the efficiency of different spatial environmental policies such as land-use taxes or land zoning. The necessary changes required to transform a spatially optimal, yet static, environmental policy into an intertemporally and spatially optimal environmental policy are presented and discussed.
Sovereign Default Risk and Credit Supply: Evidence from the Euro Area
Creators: name: Palmén, Olli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Did sovereign default risk affect macroeconomic activity through firms' access to credit during the European sovereign debt crisis? We investigate this question by a estimating a structural panel vector autoregressive model for Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Ireland, where the sovereign risk shock is identified using sign restrictions. The results suggest that decline in the creditworthiness of the sovereign contributed to a fall in private lending and economic activity in several euro-area countries by reducing the value of banks' assets and crowding out private lending.
description: 24 pages
Numerical Simulations of a Possible Hypercomputational Quantum Algorithm
Creators: name: Sicard, Andrés
name: Ospina, Juan
name: Vélez, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The hypercomputers compute functions or numbers, or more generally solve problems or carry out tasks, that cannot be computed or solved by a Turing machine. Several numerical simulations of a possible hypercomputational algorithm based on quantum computations previously constructed by the authors are presented. The hypercomputability of our algorithm is based on the fact that this algorithm could solve a classically non-computable decision problem, Hilbert's tenth problem. The numerical simulations were realized for three types of Diophantine equations: with and without solutions in non-negative integers, and without solutions by way of various traditional mathematical packages.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, uses icannga05.sty
Ypsolopha horridella
Creators: name: Joos, R Enato
name: Fritsch, Dieter
name: Bryner, Rudolf
name: Billen, Wolfgang
name: Wicki, Christoph
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Plutellidae
Ypsolopha
Ypsolopha horridella

description: 1488 Ypsolopha horridella (Treitschke, 1835), Abb. 3e
Münchenstein (BL), Merian Gärten, 19.7.2014. Die Raupe dieser in der Schweiz allgemein nur selten beobachteten Art lebt an Blättern von Obstbäumen und Schlehen.
description: Published as part of Joos, R Enato, Fritsch, Dieter, Bryner, Rudolf, Billen, Wolfgang & Wicki, Christoph, 2018, Vielfalt der nachtaktiven Gross- und Kleinschmetterlinge in zwei Parkanlagen bei Basel, pp. 57-71 in Entomo Helvetica 11 on page 60, DOI: 10.5169/seals-986024, http://zenodo.org/record/8034307
Improving deep neural network generalization and robustness to background bias via layer-wise relevance propagation optimization
Creators: name: Bassi, Pedro R. A. S.
name: Dertkigil, Sergio S. J.
name: Cavalli, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Features in images' backgrounds can spuriously correlate with the images' classes, representing background bias. They can influence the classifier's decisions, causing shortcut learning (Clever Hans effect). The phenomenon generates deep neural networks (DNNs) that perform well on standard evaluation datasets but generalize poorly to real-world data. Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) explains DNNs' decisions. Here, we show that the optimization of LRP heatmaps can minimize the background bias influence on deep classifiers, hindering shortcut learning. By not increasing run-time computational cost, the approach is light and fast. Furthermore, it applies to virtually any classification architecture. After injecting synthetic bias in images' backgrounds, we compared our approach (dubbed ISNet) to eight state-of-the-art DNNs, quantitatively demonstrating its superior robustness to background bias. Mixed datasets are common for COVID-19 and tuberculosis classification with chest X-rays, fostering background bias. By focusing on the lungs, the ISNet reduced shortcut learning. Thus, its generalization performance on external (out-of-distribution) test databases significantly surpassed all implemented benchmark models.
description: Text and style improvements. Included reference to the published article (Nature Communications, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44371-z)
THE PRODUCTION THEORY APPROACH TO IMPORT DEMAND ANALYSIS: A COMPARISON OF THE ROTTERDAM MODEL AND THE DIFFERENTIAL PRODUCTION APPROACH
Creators: name: Washington, Andrew A.
name: Kilmer, Richard L.
name: Washington, Andrew A.
name: Kilmer, Richard L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: The primary objective of this paper is to present the differential approach to the theory of the firm and to present the methodology of how it can be applied to import demand analysis. Furthermore, this paper compares and contrasts the use of the differential production approach with the Rotterdam model.
Gender differential item functioning effects on various item response formats of the CES-D
Creators: name: Gelin, Michaela Nicole
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The present study investigated potentially biased scale items on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale in a sample of 600 community-dwelling adults between the ages of 17 and 87 years. The mean age was 46 years for males (N=310) and 42 years for females (N=290). The 20-item CES-D was scored using two binary methods (presence and persistence) and one ordinal method. Gender differential item functioning (DIF) was explored using Zumbo's (1999) ordinal logistic regression method with corresponding logistic regression effect size estimator with all three scoring methods. After statistically matching males and females on the underlying ability, gender DIF was found with the CES-D item crying for the ordinal and presence methods of scoring. The persistence scoring method identified two DEF items (effort and hopeful), however, this scoring method was of limited use due to low response rates on some items. Overall, the results indicate that the scoring method has an effect on DEF; thus DEF is a property of the item, scoring method, and purpose of the instrument.
Extremalprinzipien
Creators: name: Schröer, Harald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Extrema, notwendige Bedingung, Dreieck, Viereck,Fünfeck,Prisma,Pyramide,Kegel,Kegelstumpf,Funktion,zwei Funktionen

description: Beschreibung von notwendigen Bedingungen für Extrema unter Nebenbedingungen (allgemeine Formulierung)
EFFECTS OF MORE OPEN TRADE ON CATTLE PRODUCTION, BEEF CONSUMPTION, AND WELFARE IN THE CENTRAL CORRIDOR OF WEST AFRICA
Creators: name: Asuming-Brempong, Samuel
name: Staatz, John M.
name: Asuming-Brempong, Samuel
name: Staatz, John M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The magnitude and direction of trade flows in cattle and beef, and how cattle production and beef consumption adjust in response to more open trade in the Central Corridor (an acronym for the sub-region that includes Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, and Burkina Faso) have been estimated. A mathematical programming approach was used to model trade in cattle and beef in the West African Central Corridor. Quadratic programming which maximizes the net social surplus in the Samuelson sense under a competitive market framework when farmers are risk averse was applied. Estimates of consumer surplus, producer profits, and government revenue changes were used as welfare indicators. The different scenarios analyzed indicate that there would be an increase in trade in cattle and beef consumption in the sub-region, as well as an overall welfare gain.
Quality of life of HIV-infected individuals: insights from a study of patients in Kermanshah, Iran
Creators: name: Jamshidi, Babak
name: Khademi, Nahid
name: Alireza Zanganeh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Health Care
subject: 111710 Health Counselling
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: BackgroundQuality of life (QOL) is one of the major factors to assessing the health and wellbeing of People living with HIV (PLWH). Likewise, improved QOL is among the prominent goals of patient treatment. This study was conducted to investigate the QOL of PLWH in Kermanshah, Iran.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 364 PLWH of Kermanshah between 2016 and 2017. Outpatients were selected as the sample through the convenience sampling method from HIV Positive Clients of Kermanshah Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center. The reasons for the selection of outpatients include: (a) some patients were substance users, homeless or did not have a fixed address to follow-up; (b) addresses and personal details that were registered on the first admission were incorrect or incomplete; (c) due to financial issues, some were forced to relocate frequently and were difficult to track; (d) some patients were convicts or prisoners, making it hard to find them after their release; (e) some of them were from other provinces, where managing access was not easy/possible. Data was collected using WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaire (Persian Version). Data also analyzed with STATA 14, and SPSS 23 using T-test and multiple regression.ResultsThis study showed that mean (SD) age of PLWH was 40.21 (10.45) years. Females had better QOL than males except for spirituality, religion and personal beliefs. The gender differences disappeared in multivariate results. A significant association was observed between education and the independence, environment, and spirituality domains of QOL. In addition, being married was correlated with overall QOL, psychological and social relationships domains of QOL of PLWH. Drug use was a behavioral factor with negative influence on the QOL.ConclusionThis study found that marital status and drug use were the main predictors of various domains of QOL. Drug use was a behavioral factor with a negative influence on the QOL. Hence, it is recommended that health professionals, planners, and policymakers take effective measures to improve the status quo.
The Speed of Light and the Einstein Legacy: 1905-2005
Creators: name: Cahill, Reginald T
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: That the speed of light is always c=300,000km/s relative to any observer in nonaccelerating motion is one of the foundational concepts of physics. Experimentally this was supposed to have been first revealed by the 1887 Michelson-Morley experiment, and was made one of Einstein's key postulates of Special Relativity in 1905. However in 2002 the actual 1887 fringe shift data was analysed for the first time with a theory for the Michelson interferometer that used both the Fitzgerald-Lorentz contraction effect, as well as the effect of the air in the interferometer on the speed of light. That analysis showed that the data gave an absolute motion speed in excess of 300km/s. So far six other experiments have been shown to give the same result. This implies that the foundations of physics require significant revision. As well data shows that both Newtonian gravity and General Relativity are also seriously flawed, and a new theory of gravity is shown to explain various so-called gravitational `anomalies', including the `dark matter' effect. Most importantly absolute motion is now understood to be the cause of the various relativistic effects, in accord with the earlier proposal by Lorentz.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures. better graphics
Quantum fluctuation theorem for initial near-equilibrium system
Creators: name: Xu, Bao-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum work fluctuation theorem (FT) commonly requires the system initially prepared in an equilibrium state. Whether there exists universal exact quantum work FT for initial state beyond equilibrium needs further discussions. Here, I initialize the system in a near-equilibrium state, and derive the corresponding modified Jarzynski equality by using the perturbation theory. The correction is nontrivial because it directly leads to the principle of maximum work or the second law of thermodynamics for near-equilibrium system and also gives a much tighter bound of work for a given process. I also verify my theoretical results by considering a concrete many-body system, and reveal a fundamental connection between quantum critical phenomenon and near-equilibrium state at really high temperature.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures, published version
IDENTIFYING FARMER CHARACTERISTICS RELATED TO CROP INSURANCE PURCHASE DECISIONS
Creators: name: Black, Dawn L.
name: Dorfman, Jeffrey H.
name: Black, Dawn L.
name: Dorfman, Jeffrey H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Crop insurance is an area of federal agricultural policy that has been a source of continual calls for reform and improvement, yet there are a limited number of empirical studies examining farmers' insurance purchase decisions. As far as we are aware, this study is the first to utilize farm level data from the Southeastern U.S. We look at the farmer's decision to purchase or not purchase crop insurance using data from Georgia cotton and peanut farmers. We find that farmers appear to do a good job of weighing the benefits of crop insurance against alternative forms of self-insuring and risk-diversification.
Effects of Kaluza-Klein theory and potential on a generalized Klein-Gordon oscillator in the cosmic string space-time
Creators: name: Ahmed, Faizuddin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we solve a generalized Klein-Gordon oscillator in the cosmic string space-time with a scalar potential of Cornell-type within the Kaluza-Klein theory and obtain the relativistic energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. We extend this analysis by replacing the Cornell-type with Coulomb-type potential in the magnetic cosmic string space-time and analyze a relativistic analogue of the Aharonov-Bohm effect for bound states.
description: 35 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Adv. High Energy Physics journal (article ID 8107025, proof reading version). arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2003.04148; text overlap with arXiv:1908.05076, arXiv:1603.06292 by other authors
Die zweite Periode des II. Vatikanischen Konzils und ihre ökumenischen Aspekte
Creators: name: Kampe, Walther
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 13 Nr. 2 (1964): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 13, Heft 2
Thermal and non-thermal nature of the soft excess emission from Sersic 159-03 observed with XMM-Newton
Creators: name: Bonamente, M.
name: Lieu, R.
name: Mittaz, J. P. D.
name: Kaastra, J.
name: Nevalainen, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several nearby clusters exhibit an excess of soft X-ray radiation which cannot be attributed to the hot virialized intra-cluster medium. There is no consensus to date on the origin of the excess emission: it could be either of thermal origin, or due to an inverse Compton scattering of the cosmic microwave background. Using high resolution XMM-Newton data of Sersic 159-03 we first show that strong soft excess emission is detected out to a radial distance of 0.9 Mpc. The data are interpreted using the two viable models available, i.e., by invoking a warm reservoir of thermal gas, or relativistic electrons which are part of a cosmic ray population. The thermal interpretation of the excess emission, slightly favored by the goodness-of-fit analysis, indicates that the warm gas responsible for the emission is high in mass and low in metallicity.
description: ApJ in press
Blockchain, Fog and IoT Integrated Framework: Review, Architecture and Evaluation
Creators: name: Alam, Tanweer
name: Benaida, Mohamed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the next-generation computing, the role of cloud, internet, and smart devices will be capacious. Nowadays we all are familiar with the word smart. This word is used a number of times in our daily life. The Internet of Things (IoT) will produce remarkable different kinds of information from different resources. It can store and process big data in the cloud. The fogging acts as an interface between cloud and IoT. The IoT nodes are also known as fog nodes, these nodes are able to access anywhere within the range of the network. The blockchain is a novel approach to record the transactions in a sequence securely. Developing new blockchains based integrated framework in the architecture of the IoT is one of the emerging approaches to solving the issue of communication security among the IoT public nodes. This research explores a novel approach to integrate blockchain technology with the fog and IoT networks and provides communication security to the internet of smart devices. The framework is tested and implemented in the IoT network. The results are found positive.
Mobility and the spatial spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Belgium
Creators: name: Rollier, Michiel
name: Miranda, Gisele H. B.
name: Vergeynst, Jenna
name: Meys, Joris
name: Alleman, Tijs W.
name: Surveillance, the Belgian Collaborative Group on COVID-19 Hospital
name: Baetens, Jan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We analyse and mutually compare time series of COVID-19-related data and mobility data across Belgium's 43 arrondissements (NUTS 3). In this way, we reach three conclusions. First, we could detect a decrease in mobility during high-incidence stages of the pandemic. This is expressed as a significant change in the average amount of time spent outside one's home arrondissement, investigated over five distinct periods, and in more detail using an inter-arrondissement ``connectivity index'' (CI). Second, we analyse spatio-temporal COVID-19-related hospitalisation time series, after smoothing them using a generalise additive mixed model (GAMM). We confirm that some arrondissements are ahead of others and morphologically dissimilar to others, in terms of epidemiological progression. The tools used to quantify this are time-lagged cross-correlation (TLCC) and dynamic time warping (DTW), respectively. Third, we demonstrate that an arrondissement's CI with one of the three identified first-outbreak arrondissements is correlated to a significant local excess mortality some five to six weeks after the first outbreak. More generally, we couple results leading to the first and second conclusion, in order to demonstrate an overall correlation between CI values on the one hand, and TLCC and DTW values on the other. We conclude that there is a strong correlation between physical movement of people and viral spread in the early stage of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Belgium, though its strength weakens as the virus spreads
description: Main text: 17 pages, 11 figures. Appendices: 4 pages, 4 figures. References: 44
PinnerSage: Multi-Modal User Embedding Framework for Recommendations at Pinterest
Creators: name: Pal, Aditya
name: Eksombatchai, Chantat
name: Zhou, Yitong
name: Zhao, Bo
name: Rosenberg, Charles
name: Leskovec, Jure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Latent user representations are widely adopted in the tech industry for powering personalized recommender systems. Most prior work infers a single high dimensional embedding to represent a user, which is a good starting point but falls short in delivering a full understanding of the user's interests. In this work, we introduce PinnerSage, an end-to-end recommender system that represents each user via multi-modal embeddings and leverages this rich representation of users to provides high quality personalized recommendations. PinnerSage achieves this by clustering users' actions into conceptually coherent clusters with the help of a hierarchical clustering method (Ward) and summarizes the clusters via representative pins (Medoids) for efficiency and interpretability. PinnerSage is deployed in production at Pinterest and we outline the several design decisions that makes it run seamlessly at a very large scale. We conduct several offline and online A/B experiments to show that our method significantly outperforms single embedding methods.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
THE EFFECT OF THE NUMBER OF CHOICE SETS ON RESPONSES IN A STATED CHOICE SURVEY
Creators: name: Heberling, Matthew
name: Shortle, James S.
name: Fisher, Ann
name: Heberling, Matthew
name: Shortle, James S.
name: Fisher, Ann
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: An important issue for the stated choice method is the effect of the number of choice sets on responses. Based on a study of this issue in a mailed survey, results indicate that the number of choice sets does not affect survey response rates or item non-response rates.
The [O III] Veil: Astropause of Eta Carinae's Wind?
Creators: name: Smith, Nathan
name: Morse, Jon A.
name: Bally, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present narrowband images of eta Carinae in the light of [O III] 5007 obtained with HST/WFPC2, as well as a ground-based image in the same emission line with a larger field of view. These images show a thin veil of [O III] emission around eta Car and its ejecta, confirming the existence of an oxygen-bearing ``cocoon'' inferred from spectra. This [O III] veil may be the remnant of the pre-outburst wind of eta Car, and its outer edge probably marks the interface where eta Car's ejecta meet the stellar wind of the nearby O4 V((f)) star HD303308 or other ambient material -- i.e., it marks the ``astropause'' in eta Car's wind. This veil is part of a more extensive [O III] shell that appears to be shaped and ionized by HD303308. A pair of HST images with a 10 yr baseline shows no proper motion, limiting the expansion speed away from eta Car to 12pm13 km/s, or an expansion age of a few times 10^4 yr. Thus, this is probably the decelerated pre-outburst LBV wind of eta Car. The [O III] morphology is very different from that seen in [N II], which traces young knots of CNO-processed material; this represents a dramatic shift in the chemical makeup of material recently ejected by eta Car. This change in the chemical abundances may have resulted from the sudden removal of the star's outer envelope during eta Car's 19th century outburst or an earlier but similar event.
description: 11 pages, 4 figs. Figs 1 and 3 in color. Accepted to AJ, October 2005
The power of co-ordinate transformations in dynamical interpretations of Galactic structure
Creators: name: Hunt, Jason A. S.
name: Johnston, Kathryn V.
name: Pettitt, Alex R.
name: Cunningham, Emily C.
name: Kawata, Daisuke
name: Hogg, David W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $Gaia$ DR2 has provided an unprecedented wealth of information about the positions and motions of stars in our Galaxy, and has highlighted the degree of disequilibria in the disc. As we collect data over a wider area of the disc it becomes increasingly appealing to start analysing stellar actions and angles, which specifically label orbit space, instead of their current phase space location. Conceptually, while $\bar{x}$ and $\bar{v}$ tell us about the potential and local interactions, grouping in action puts together stars that have similar frequencies and hence similar responses to dynamical effects occurring over several orbits. Grouping in actions and angles refines this further to isolate stars which are travelling together through space and hence have shared histories. Mixing these coordinate systems can confuse the interpretation. For example, it has been suggested that by moving stars to their guiding radius, the Milky Way spiral structure is visible as ridge-like overdensities in the $Gaia$ data \citep{Khoperskov+19b}. However, in this work, we show that these features are in fact the known kinematic moving groups, both in the $L_z-ϕ$ and the $v_{\mathrm{R}}-v_ϕ$ planes. Using simulations we show how this distinction will become even more important as we move to a global view of the Milky Way. As an example, we show that the radial velocity wave seen in the Galactic disc in $Gaia$ and APOGEE should become stronger in the action-angle frame, and that it can be reproduced by transient spiral structure.
description: 12 pages, 10 Figures
REGULATING BROILER CONTRACTS: TOURNAMENTS VERSUS FIXED PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
Creators: name: Tsoulouhas, Theofanis
name: Vukina, Tomislav
name: Tsoulouhas, Theofanis
name: Vukina, Tomislav
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Industrial Organization
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Grower discontent with tournaments as mechanisms for settling poultry contracts can largely be attributed to the group composition risk that tournaments impose on growers. This paper focuses on the welfare effects of a widely advocated regulatory proposal to prevent integrator companies from using tournaments and replace them with schemes that compare performance to a fixed standard. The analysis shows that whereas the mandatory replacement of tournaments with fixed performance standards, absent any other rules, can decrease grower income insurance without raising welfare, replacing tournaments with fixed performance standards can simultaneously increase income insurance and welfare, provided that the piece rate is correctly specified.
On the growth of powers of operators with spectrum contained in Cantor sets
Creators: name: Agrafeuil, Cyril
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46J15; 46J20; 47A30

description: For $ξ\in \big(0, {1/2} \big)$, we denote by $E_ξ$ the perfect symmetric set associated to $ξ$, that is $$ E_ξ = \Big\{\exp \big(2i π(1-ξ) \dsp \sum_{n = 1}^{+\infty} ε_{n} ξ^{n-1} \big) : ε_{n} = 0 \textrm{or} 1 \quad (n \geq 1) \Big\}. $$ Let $s$ be a nonnegative real number, and $T$ be an invertible bounded operator on a Banach space with spectrum included in $E_ξ$. We show that if \begin{eqnarray*} & & \big\| T^{n} \big\| = O \big(n^{s} \big), n \to +\infty & \textrm{and} & \big\| T^{-n} \big\| = O \big(e^{n^β} \big), n \to +\infty \textrm{for some} β< \frac{\log{\frac{1}ξ} - \log{2}}{2\log{\frac{1}ξ} - \log{2}}, \end{eqnarray*} then for every $\e > 0$, $T$ satisfies the stronger property $$ \big\| T^{-n} \big\| = O \big(n^{s+{1/2}+\e} \big), n \to +\infty. $$ This result is a particular case of a more general result concerning operators with spectrum satisfying some geometrical conditions.
description: 9 pages
A driven two-dimensional granular gas with Coulomb friction
Creators: name: Herbst, Olaf
name: Cafiero, Raffaele
name: Zippelius, Annette
name: Herrmann, Hans Jürgen
name: Luding, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a homogeneously driven granular gas of inelastic hard particles with rough surfaces subject to Coulomb friction. The stationary state as well as the full dynamic evolution of the translational and rotational granular temperatures are investigated as a function of the three parameters of the friction model. Four levels of approximation to the (velocity-dependent) tangential restitution are introduced and used to calculate translational and rotational temperatures in a mean field theory. When comparing these theoretical results to numerical simulations of a randomly driven mono-layer of particles subject to Coulomb friction, we find that already the simplest model leads to qualitative agreement, but only the full Coulomb friction model is able to reproduce/predict the simulation results quantitatively for all magnitudes of friction. In addition, the theory predicts two relaxation times for the decay to the stationary state. One of them corresponds to the equilibration between the translational and rotational degrees of freedom. The other one, which is slower in most cases, is the inverse of the common relaxation rate of translational and rotational temperatures.
description: 23 pages, 17 figures
On the sharpness of the zero-entropy-density conjecture
Creators: name: Farkas, S.
name: Zimboras, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The zero-entropy-density conjecture states that the entropy density, defined as the limit of S(N)/N at infinity, vanishes for all translation-invariant pure states on the spin chain. Or equivalently, S(N), the von Neumann entropy of such a state restricted to N consecutive spins, is sublinear. In this paper it is proved that this conjecture cannot be sharpened, i.e., translation-invariant states give rise to arbitrary fast sublinear entropy growth. The proof is constructive, and is based on a class of states derived from quasifree states on a CAR algebra. The question whether the entropy growth of pure quasifree states can be arbitrary fast sublinear was first raised by Fannes et al. [J. Math. Phys. 44, 6005 (2003)]. In addition to the main theorem it is also shown that the entropy asymptotics of all pure shift-invariant nontrivial quasifree states is at least logarithmic.
description: 11 pages, references added, corrected typos
A DECOMPOSED REGRESSION MODEL FOR MEASURING STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE FLOUR MILLING INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Kim, C.S.
name: Hallahan, Charles B.
name: Schaible, Glenn D.
name: Leath, Mack N.
name: Kim, C.S.
name: Hallahan, Charles B.
name: Schaible, Glenn D.
name: Leath, Mack N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Agribusiness
Industrial Organization

description: This paper presents a decomposed Poisson regression model based on count data that evaluates the size distribution, the changing number of flour mills for each size class, and the concentration of market power, simultaneously. This model also allows us to test dominant price leadership model.
HST Grism-derived Forecasts for Future Galaxy Redshift Surveys
Creators: name: Bagley, Micaela B.
name: Scarlata, Claudia
name: Mehta, Vihang
name: Teplitz, Harry
name: Baronchelli, Ivano
name: Eisenstein, Daniel J.
name: Pozzetti, Lucia
name: Cimatti, Andrea
name: Rutkowski, Michael
name: Wang, Yun
name: Merson, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mutually complementary Euclid and Roman galaxy redshift surveys will use Halpha- and [OIII]-selected emission line galaxies as tracers of the large scale structure at $0.9 \lesssim z \lesssim 1.9$ (Halpha) and $1.5 \lesssim z \lesssim 2.7$ ([OIII]). It is essential to have a reliable and sufficiently precise knowledge of the expected numbers of Halpha-emitting galaxies in the survey volume in order to optimize these redshift surveys for the study of dark energy. Additionally, these future samples of emission-line galaxies will, like all slitless spectroscopy surveys, be affected by a complex selection function that depends on galaxy size and luminosity, line equivalent width, and redshift errors arising from the misidentification of single emission-line galaxies. Focusing on the specifics of the Euclid survey, we combine two slitless spectroscopic WFC3-IR datasets -- 3D-HST+AGHAST and the WISP survey -- to construct a Euclid-like sample that covers an area of 0.56 deg$^2$ and includes 1277 emission line galaxies. We detect 1091 ($\sim$3270 deg$^{-2}$) Halpha+[NII]-emitting galaxies in the range $0.9\leq z \leq 1.6$ and 162 ($\sim$440 deg$^{-2}$) [OIII]$λ$5007-emitters over $1.5\leq z \leq 2.3$ with line fluxes $\geq 2 \times 10^{-16}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$. The median of the Halpha+[NII] equivalent width distribution is $\sim$250Å, and the effective radii of the continuum and Halpha+[NII] emission are correlated with a median of $\sim$0.38" and significant scatter ($σ\sim $0.2"$-$0.35"). Finally, we explore the prevalence of redshift misidentification in future Euclid samples, finding potential contamination rates of $\sim$14-20% and $\sim$6% down to $2\times 10^{-16}$ and $6 \times 10^{-17}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$, respectively, though with increased wavelength coverage these percentages drop to nearly zero.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 27 pages, 17 figures, 3 tables
MARKET STRUCTURE IN BIOTECHNOLOGY: IMPLICATIONS FOR LONG-RUN COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
Creators: name: Lavoie, Brian F.
name: Sheldon, Ian M.
name: Lavoie, Brian F.
name: Sheldon, Ian M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Biotechnology
subject: market structure
subject: comparative advantage

description: A country specializing in a high technology industry may find that excess returns stemming from innovation are reallocated overseas as foreign-based multinationals access ongoing domestic R&D through alliances with or acquisition of established domestic start-ups. Computer simulation illustrates this process in the context of the current US specialization in biotechnology. Keywords: Biotechnology, market structure, comparative advantage
AN ADAPTIVE CONTROL APPROACH TO AGRICULTURAL POLICY
Creators: name: Freebairn, John W.
name: Rausser, Gordon C.
name: Freebairn, John W.
name: Rausser, Gordon C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: It is postulated that some issues of economic policy in general, and of Australian agricultural policy in particular, may be analysed in the framework of an adaptive control model. Policy making is characterized as a rational, sequential decision-making process under conditions of imperfect knowledge in which forthcoming information may be used to learn about the uncertain terms as decision periods pass. Emphasis is given to the linear-quadratic control problem. The paper provides a review of the formulation of a policy problem in the framework of an adaptive control model and of derived policy strategies. An illustrative example is reported.
Rescattering effects of baryon and antibaryon in heavy quarkonium decays
Creators: name: Chen, Hong
name: Ping, Rong-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rescattering effects of baryon and antibaryon in heavy quarkonium decays are investigated by studying their angular distributions. The rescattering amplitudes are phenomenologically evaluated by modeling the intermediate range interaction as a $σ$ or pion meson exchange between $\qqbar$ quarks. The results show that the rescattering effects play an important role in determination of the angular distribution in heavy quarkonium decays. Especially, for $J/psi$ and $ψ'$ decays into $Λ\bar Λ$, $Σ^0\bar Σ^0$ and $Ξ^-\bar Ξ^+$ the angular distribution parameters could turn to be negative values in the limit of helicity conservation. These results provide us a possible explanation for understanding the negative sign of the angular distribution parameter measured for $J/psi \toΣ^0\barΣ^0$, namely, {\it it might come from the baryonic SU(3)$_F$ symmetry breaking by incorporating rescattering effects
description: 8 pages, 1 figures, Your comments are welcome
Coherent analysis of quantum optical sideband modes
Creators: name: Huntington, E. H.
name: Milford, G. N.
name: Robilliard, C.
name: Ralph, T. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a device that allows for the coherent analysis of a pair of optical frequency sidebands in an arbitrary basis. We show that our device is quantum noise limited and hence applications for this scheme may be found in discrete and continuous variable optical quantum information experiments.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Optics Letters
EOSC-hub D3.3 Interim report on dissemination and exploitation of project results
Creators: name: Appleton, Owen
name: Heikkurinen, Matti
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: This document provides an update to the key exploitable results including aspects such as the definition, value proposition, IP management, exploitation path, and dissemination activities and adoption.
 The specific focus of this will be on the following areas: ● Introducing additional key exploitable results identified during the first 18 project months and the conceptual framework linking them together ● Introducing the prioritisation framework that is used to focus in-depth analysis of the exploitation paths and actions intended to encourage uptake of the results ● Presenting the evolution of the understanding of the methods to capture and assess value propositions related to individual exploitable results
Pairing and Phase Separation in a Polarized Fermi Gas
Creators: name: Partridge, Guthrie B.
name: Li, Wenhui
name: Kamar, Ramsey I.
name: Liao, Yean-an
name: Hulet, Randall G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the observation of a pairing in a number polarized two-component gas of atomic fermions. Beyond a critical polarization, the gas separates into a superfluid paired core surrounded by a shell of normal unpaired fermions. The critical polarization diminishes with decreasing attractive interaction. We also measure the parameter β= 0.54 (5) describing the universal energy of a strongly interacting Fermi gas, and find good agreement with most recent theory. These results are relevant to predictions of exotic new phases of quark matter and of strongly magnetized superconductors.
Nuclear magnetic shielding in HD and HT
Creators: name: Puchalski, Mariusz
name: Komasa, Jacek
name: Spyszkiewicz, Anna
name: Pachucki, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a calculation of the nuclear magnetic shielding in HD and HT molecules, with complete and perturbative accounts for nuclear masses. From the difference in shielding, we obtain the deuteron and triton magnetic moments in agreement with the CODATA value, with the accuracy limited only by nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. Most importantly, our calculations indicate a potential for improved determination of nuclear magnetic moments.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, minor corrections to the text
RURAL POLICY IN AUSTRALIA - 1974 STYLE: A REVIEW ARTICLE
Creators: name: Campbell, Keith O.
name: Campbell, Keith O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The publication of the so-called green paper on Rural Policy in Australia is an event of considerable significance to Australian agriculture in general and to the agricultural economics profession in particular. The report is designed as an outline of principles and guidelines for discussion, rather than as a declaration of government policy as such. In the words of the Prime Minister, it is 'published with the authority of the Australian Government but without formal approval'.
Dissociative electron attachment cross sections for ro-vibrationally excited NO molecule and N- anion formation
Creators: name: Laporta, V.
name: Schneider, I. F.
name: Tennyson, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81V55, 82D10

description: Motivated by the huge need of data for non-equilibrium plasma modeling, a theoretical investigation of dissociative electron attachment to the NO molecule is performed. The calculations presented here are based on the Local-Complex-Potential approach, taking into account five NO$^-$ resonances. Three specific channels of the process are studied, including the production of excited nitrogen atoms $\mathrm{N}(^2\mathrm{D})$ and of its anions N$^-$. Interpretation of the existing experimental data and their comparison with our theoretical result are given. A full set of ro-vibrationally-resolved cross sections and the corresponding rate coefficients are reported. In particular, a relatively notably large cross section of N$^-$ ion formation at low energy of the incident electron and for vibrationally excited NO target is predicted. Finally, molecular rotation effects are discussed.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
EFFECTS ON FARM INCOMES AND RURAL LABOUR OF A RELATIVE INCREASE IN WAGES
Creators: name: Ryan, James G.
name: Duncan, Ronald C.
name: Ryan, James G.
name: Duncan, Ronald C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: We use the concept of the elasticity of farm incomes with respect to changes in input prices to analyse the effects of a large increase in relative wages on selected measures of farm incomes. In order to estimate the elasticity of farm incomes we have to estimate elasticities and cross-elasticities of demand and supply for farm labour and capital. The estimates of elasticity of demand for operator and hired labour allow us to calculate the impact of a rise in wages on numbers of farmers and hired labour employed in agriculture.
Zum Abschluß der zweiten Sitzungsperiode des II. Vatikanischen Konzils
Creators: name: Schlink, Edmund
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 13 Nr. 2 (1964): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 13, Heft 2
The impact of exciton delocalization on exciton-vibration interactions in organic semiconductors
Creators: name: Alvertis, Antonios M.
name: Pandya, Raj
name: Muscarella, Loreta A.
name: Sawhney, Nipun
name: Nguyen, Malgorzata
name: Ehrler, Bruno
name: Rao, Akshay
name: Friend, Richard H.
name: Chin, Alex W.
name: Monserrat, Bartomeu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Organic semiconductors exhibit properties of individual molecules and extended crystals simultaneously. The strongly bound excitons they host are typically described in the molecular limit, but excitons can delocalize over many molecules, raising the question of how important the extended crystalline nature is. Using accurate Green's function based methods for the electronic structure and non-perturbative finite difference methods for exciton-vibration coupling, we describe exciton interactions with molecular and crystal degrees of freedom concurrently. We find that the degree of exciton delocalization controls these interactions, with thermally activated crystal phonons predominantly coupling to delocalized states, and molecular quantum fluctuations predominantly coupling to localized states. Based on this picture, we quantitatively predict and interpret the temperature and pressure dependence of excitonic peaks in the acene series of organic semiconductors, which we confirm experimentally, and we develop a simple experimental protocol for probing exciton delocalization. Overall, we provide a unified picture of exciton delocalization and vibrational effects in organic semiconductors, reconciling the complementary views of finite molecular clusters and periodic molecular solids.