cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of the dynamical mechanism
Creators: name: Combes, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most extreme starbursts occur in galaxy mergers, and it is now acknowledged that dynamical triggering has a primary importance in star formation. This triggering is due partly to the enhanced velocity dispersion provided by gravitational instabilities, such as density waves and bars, but mainly to the radial gas flows they drive, allowing large amounts of gas to condense towards nuclear regions in a small time scale. Numerical simulations with several gas phases, taking into account the feedback to regulate star formation, have explored the various processes, using recipes like the Schmidt law, moderated by the gas instability criterion. May be the most fundamental parameter in starbursts is the availability of gas: this sheds light on the amount of external gas accretion in galaxy evolution. The detailed mechanisms governing gas infall in the inner parts of galaxy disks are discussed.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, to be published in "Starbursts - From 30 Doradus to Lyman break galaxies", ed. R. de Grijs and R. Gonzalez-Delgado
Transition from the macrospin to chaotic behaviour by a spin-torque driven magnetization precession of a square nanoelement
Creators: name: Berkov, D. V.
name: Gorn, N. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate (using full-scale micromagnetic simulations) that the spin injection driven steady-state precession of a thin magnetic nanoelement exhibit a complicate transition from the quasi-macrospin to the chaotic behaviour with the increasing element size. For nanoelement parameters typical for those used experimentally we have found that the macrospin approximation becomes invalid already for very small nanoelement sizes (~ 30 nm), in contrast to the previously reported results (Li and Zhang, Phys. Rev. B, vol. B68, 024404-1 (2003))
description: Submitted to Phys. Rev. B
title: Development of the PUMA Antiproton and Ion Trap
Creators: name: Schmidt, Alexander
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2024

description: The PUMA (antiProton Unstable Matter Annihilation) experiment aims at determining the ratio of neutrons to protons in the nuclear density tail, based on the ratio of annihilated neutrons and protons after the capture of low-energy antiprotons, as a new nuclear structure observable.

The concept of PUMA relies on a transportable experimental setup. It combines a cryogenic Penning trap for the long-term storage and transport of antiprotons after accumulation at the ELENA (Extra-Low ENergy Antiproton) ring at CERN and a detection system for the identification of pions. These pions originate from annihilations of antiprotons with ions either provided by the offline ion source of PUMA at ELENA or the ISOLDE (Isotope Separation On-Line DEvice) facility at CERN.

In this work, the cryogenic Penning trap setup of PUMA has been designed, procured and assembled. The trapping of antiprotons with storage times in the order of 100 days is equivalent to ambient pressures of about 10⁻¹⁷ mbar, which can be achieved by cryosorption. Thermal and vacuum simulations have been performed to validate the trap design for production. Assuming a pressure of 10⁻¹¹ mbar at the setup entrance and by the inclusion of a cylinder shutter for aperture blocking, a pressure of 10⁻¹⁹ mbar is predicted in the trap. Following the mechanical assembly, the setup is ready for commissioning.

To optimize the ion optics for the antiprotons from ELENA towards PUMA into the Penning trap, ion optical simulations have been performed. By refining acceptance intervals for the ideal deceleration within the pulsed drift tube and optimal potentials on the focusing elements along the beamline, a transmission of 91% is reached in the simulation. The results of the simulations were then benchmarked with measurements performed on the PUMA antiproton beamline at ELENA.

Antiprotons also offer opportunities beyond the physics program of PUMA, as the interaction of the annihilation products with the residual nucleus can lead to the formation of single-Λ hypernuclei. Microscopic Monte-Carlo simulations within a transport framework were performed and predict the population of a wide range of currently inaccessible hypernuclei with a typical production rate of 10⁻⁵ per annihilation. These results offer a new prospective towards studying hypernuclei using antiprotons.
Discovery of a Cooper-Pair Density Wave State in a Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide
Creators: name: Liu, Xiaolong
name: Chong, Yi Xue
name: Sharma, Rahul
name: Davis, J. C. Séamus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pair density wave (PDW) states are defined by a spatially modulating superconductive order-parameter. To search for such states in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) we use high-speed atomic-resolution scanned Josephson-tunneling microscopy (SJTM). We detect a PDW state whose electron-pair density and energy-gap modulate spatially at the wavevectors of the preexisting charge density wave (CDW) state. The PDW couples linearly to both the s-wave superconductor and to the CDW, and exhibits commensurate domains with discommensuration phase-slips at the boundaries, conforming to those of the lattice-locked commensurate CDW. Nevertheless, we find a global $δΦ\sim \pm2π/3$ phase difference between the PDW and CDW states, possibly owing to the Cooper-pair wavefunction orbital content. Our findings presage pervasive PDW physics in the many other TMDs that sustain both CDW and superconducting states.
Additional file 1 of Elimination of “kitome” and “splashome” contamination results in lack of detection of a unique placental microbiome
Creators: name: Olomu, Isoken Nicholas
name: Pena-Cortes, Luis Carlos
name: Long, Robert A.
name: Vyas, Arpita
name: Krichevskiy, Olha
name: Luellwitz, Ryan
name: Singh, Pallavi
name: Mulks, Martha H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. The VR microbial community from the pilot study samples at the phylum level. Colored bars illustrate the percentage of total reads classified into specific phyla. The last column in each group shows the average for that set of patients. These average columns are repeated on the far right for ease of comparison. Note that VR samples from this pilot study included 1 from each of 16 patients.
Glassy Aging Dynamics
Creators: name: Lunkenheimer, P.
name: Wehn, R.
name: Schneider, U.
name: Loidl, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present time-dependent dielectric loss data at different frequencies for a variety of glass formers after cooling below the glass temperature. The observed aging dynamics is described using a modified Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts law, which takes into account the time-dependent variation of the relaxation time during aging. It leads to values for the aging relaxation time and stretching exponent that are fully consistent with the results from equilibrium measurements performed at higher temperatures. Irrespective of the dynamic process prevailing in the investigated frequency region, the aging dynamics is always determined by the structural relaxation process.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
The Diffusion of Livestock Breeding Technology in the U.S.: Observations on the Relationship Between Technical Change and Industry Structure
Creators: name: Johnson, Nancy L.
name: Ruttan, Vernon W.
name: Johnson, Nancy L.
name: Ruttan, Vernon W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Breeding technologies
subject: U.S. livestock industry
subject: Diffusion research
subject: Cross-sector analysis
subject: Structural change

description: The goal of this paper is to better understand how technological change has contributed to structural change in the U.S. livestock industry. The paper presents a cross-sector analysis of the diffusion of improved breeding technologies and industry structure in poultry, swine, dairy and beef cattle. Patterns of technological change are reviewed and compared to the predictions of a standard model of technology diffusion. The results suggest the need for a more dynamic view of technology diffusion. The paper offers several specific observations about technological and structural change in this industry that have relevance for public policy.
Light hadrons in 2+1 flavor lattice QCD
Creators: name: Heller, Urs M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This talk will focus on recent results by the MILC collaboration from simulations of light hadrons in 2+1 flavor lattice QCD. We have achieved high precision results in the pseudoscalar sector, including masses and decay constants, plus quark masses and Gasser-Leutwyler parameters from well controlled chiral perturbation theory fits to our data. We also show spectroscopy results for vector mesons and baryons.
description: To appear in the proceedings of the First Meeting of the APS Topical Group on Hadronic Physics, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, Oct. 24-26, 2004
Pion-kaon femtoscopy and the lifetime of the hadronic phase in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, the first femtoscopic analysis of pion-kaon correlations at the LHC is reported. The analysis was performed on the Pb-Pb collision data at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV recorded with the ALICE detector. The non-identical particle correlations probe the spatio-temporal separation between sources of different particle species as well as the average source size of the emitting system. The sizes of the pion and kaon sources increase with centrality, and pions are emitted closer to the centre of the system and/or later than kaons. This is naturally expected in a system with strong radial flow and is qualitatively reproduced by hydrodynamic models. ALICE data on pion-kaon emission asymmetry are consistent with (3+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamics coupled to a statistical hadronization model, resonance propagation, and decay code THERMINATOR 2 calculation, with an additional time delay between 1 and 2 fm$/c$ for kaons. The delay can be interpreted as evidence for a significant hadronic rescattering phase in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, authors from page 17, version published, figures at http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/node/6653
Quality Pricing in U.S. Soybean Exports
Creators: name: Lyford, Conrad P.
name: Yumkella, Kandeh K.
name: Mercier, Stephanie
name: Hyberg, Bengt
name: Lyford, Conrad P.
name: Yumkella, Kandeh K.
name: Mercier, Stephanie
name: Hyberg, Bengt
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Soybeans
subject: Quality
subject: Hedonic price analysis

description: This paper examines quality-price relationship in U.S. soybean exports. Implicit prices for quality characteristics of U.S. soybean exports were estimated using a hedonic price function from a rich transaction-specific data set to major destination markets to test the efficiency of the market in transmitting preferences for quality. The results of this analysis suggest that the price of soybean export shipments was not affected by the oil and protein content of the soybeans. Moisture content was surprisingly found to positively affect price while foreign material reduced price after the 1989-1990 marketing year. These results are discussed for their implications for existing, and proposed changes to existing, soybean market regulation.
Symmetry relations in chemical kinetics arising from microscopic reversibility
Creators: name: Adib, Artur B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the kinetics of time-reversible chemical reactions having the same equilibrium constant but different initial conditions are closely related to one another by a directly measurable symmetry relation analogous to chemical detailed balance. In contrast to detailed balance, however, this relation does not require knowledge of the elementary steps that underlie the reaction, and remains valid in regimes where the concept of rate constants is ill-defined, such as at very short times and in the presence of low activation barriers. Numerical simulations of a model of isomerization in solution are provided to illustrate the symmetry under such conditions, and potential applications in protein folding-unfolding are pointed out.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, accepted to Phys Rev Lett
Additional file 2 of Elimination of “kitome” and “splashome” contamination results in lack of detection of a unique placental microbiome
Creators: name: Olomu, Isoken Nicholas
name: Pena-Cortes, Luis Carlos
name: Long, Robert A.
name: Vyas, Arpita
name: Krichevskiy, Olha
name: Luellwitz, Ryan
name: Singh, Pallavi
name: Mulks, Martha H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S2. The VR microbial community from the pilot study samples at the family level. The top 20 families (of 41 total identified) found in VR communities are shown. Colored bars illustrate the percentage of total reads classified into specific families. The last column in each group shows the average for that set of patients. These average columns are repeated on the far right for ease of comparison. Families are color coded to match the phyla in Supplemental Fig. 1, e.g., families in the phylum Firmicutes are depicted in shades of blue while families in the Phylum Proteobacteria are depicted in shades of green. Uncl. = unclassified. Note that VR samples from this pilot study included 1 from each of 16 patients.
Electric circuit networks equivalent to chaotic quantum billiards
Creators: name: Bulgakov, Evgeny N.
name: Maksimov, Dmitrii N.
name: Sadreev, Almas F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate two types of electric RLC resonance network equivalent to quantum billiards. In the network of inductors grounded by capacitors squared resonant frequencies are eigenvalues of the quantum billiard. In the network of capacitors grounded by inductors squared resonant frequencies are given by inverse eigen values of the billiard. In both cases local voltages play role of the wave function of the quantum billiard. However as different from quantum billiards there is a heat power because of resistance of the inductors. In the equivalent chaotic billiards we derive the distribution of the heat power which well describes numerical statistics.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Geometry creates inertia
Creators: name: Lahiri, Amitabha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of fermions in curved spacetime is governed by a spin connection, a part of which is contorsion, an auxiliary field independent of the metric, without dynamics but fully expressible in terms of the axial current density of fermions. Its effect is the appearance of a quartic interaction involving all fermions. Contorsion can couple to left and right-handed fermions with different strengths, leading to an effective mass for fermions propagating on a background containing fermionic matter.
description: Selected for Honorable Mention in the Gravity Research Foundation Essay competition, 2020 Submitted to IJMPD
Snow avalanche risk and decision support using GIS for avalanches penetrating forest cutblocks
Creators: name: Weisinger, Peter Franz
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In this thesis I explore the phenomenon of natural avalanches which run out into cutblocks. 200 avalanche paths were examined in the coast and interior ranges of British Columbia. Terrain characteristics of these avalanche paths were recorded using a combination of GIS and field techniques. The nature of the terrain parameters was examined, and the relationship of terrain variables to avalanche frequency and magnitude was explored. An attempt was made, using the results of this study to present a method for assessing risk to proposed and existing cutblocks using a decision analytical approach, in which preliminary risk mapping is accomplished using GIS mapping methods. A more detailed assessment of risk is carried out using information collected in the field. Some mitigation methods for reducing avalanche risk are presented.
Phasing Out Registered Pesticide Uses as an Alternative to Total Bans: A Case Study of Methyl Bromide
Creators: name: Ferguson, Walter L.
name: Yee, Jet
name: Ferguson, Walter L.
name: Yee, Jet
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Ban
subject: Methyl bromide
subject: Pesticide
subject: Phase-out strategy
subject: Soil fumigation

description: The short-term effect of pesticide bans generally is less efficient production, with higher consumer prices. The higher commodity prices provide windfall profits to producers of affected crops who did not need the banned pesticide, while those producers who were previous users of the banned pesticide may gain or lose, depending on price elasticities of demand and supply. Increased imports may dampen consumer prices and reduce previous gains made by some producers. A crop-by-crop phase-out, based on economic effects in place of an immediate ban on all affected crops, could reduce the adverse effects on consumers, producers, and the balance of trade, while still achieving many of the human health and environmental benefits of an immediate total ban of all pesticide uses on all crops. The soil fumigant, methyl bromide, is used to demonstrate the phase-out strategy.
Noncompetitive Pricing and Exchange Rate Pass-Through in Mauritanian Octopus Export Markets
Creators: name: Kazmierczak, Richard F.
name: Zapata, Hector O.
name: Diop, Hamady
name: Kazmierczak, Richard F.
name: Zapata, Hector O.
name: Diop, Hamady
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: International trade
subject: Exchange rates
subject: Imperfect competition
subject: Octopus fisheries

description: Octopus exports are an important source of foreign exchange for Mauritania. The export market has historically been dominated by coordinated Japanese buyers, a situation that led Mauritania to create the Societe Mauritanienne de Commercialisation de Poisson (SMCP) to negotiate with buyers and manage all octopus exports. Issues concerning competitiveness, price discrimination, and exchange rate pass-through in the Mauritanian octopus export market corrected for contemporaneous and serial correlation. Results indicate some degree of price discrimination across destination markets, market share enhancement through local currency price stabilization, and increases in marginal costs of production following nationalization of the Mauritanian trawler fleet. Thus, while creation of the SMCP did not result in the development of complete countervailing market power, Mauritania has managed to enhance the position of its octopus exports in the lucrative Japanese market.
Information on the Super Yang-Mills Spectrum
Creators: name: Feo, A.
name: Merlatti, P.
name: Sannino, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the spectrum of the lightest states of N=1 Super Yang-Mills. We first study the spectrum using the recently extended Veneziano Yankielowicz theory containing also the glueball states besides the gluinoball ones. Using a simple Kahler term we show that within the effective Lagrangian approach one can accommodate either the possibility in which the glueballs are heavier or lighter than the gluinoball fields. We then provide an effective Lagrangian independent argument which allows, using information about ordinary QCD, to deduce that the lightest states in super Yang-Mills are the gluinoballs. This helps constraining the Kahler term of the effective Lagrangian. Using this information and the effective Lagrangian we note that there is a small mixing among the gluinoball and glueball states.
description: LaTeX, 14 pages + 2 figures
Self-Help Farmer Cooperatives’ Management of Natural Resources for Sustainable Development in Southwest Nigeria
Creators: name: Adeyemo, Remi
name: Adeyemo, Remi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: farmers
subject: cooperative and natural resources management

description: There is ample evidence that much of Africa fails to meet basic criteria of agricultural sustainable development and environmental preservation. The objective of this study was to explore the management of natural resources by self-help farmer cooperatives. The study was carried out in five local government areas of Southwest Nigeria. These local government areas are forest zones covered by derived savannah. The raining season normally starts around April and ends in October/November, followed by a dry season. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people. Several methods were used to collect information. These included group discussions and questionnaires. Results from the study show that women have played a major role in almost every aspect of agriculture. Farmers possess valuable knowledge of the natural resources in their environment. They have made use of changes in soils and topography, which have resulted in planting patterns in the scattered farms around the villages and distant farm plots. With the help of cooperatives, farmers are taught how to develop innovatory regenerative techniques to conserve the tree stock on the farm. These techniques focus around the preservation of forest species. This study has shown that given the opportunity, local farmers can face the environment and tackle the problems when given the required support.
Modeling of Natural Disasters and Extreme Events in Power System Resilience Enhancement and Evaluation Methods
Creators: name: Bhusal, Narayan
name: Gautam, Mukesh
name: Abdelmalak, Michael
name: Benidris, Mohammed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The frequency of disruptive and newly emerging threats (e.g. man-made attacks--cyber and physical attacks; extreme natural events--hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods) has escalated dramatically in the last decade. Impacts of these events are very severe ranging from long power outage duration, major power system equipment (e.g. power generation plants, transmission and distribution lines, and substation) destruction, and complete blackout. Accurate modeling of these events is vitally important as they serve as mathematical tools for the assessment and evaluation of various operations and planning investment strategies to harden power systems against these events. This paper provides a comprehensive and critical review of current practices in the modeling of extreme events, system components, and system response for resilience evaluation and enhancement, which is a very important stepping stone toward the development of complete, accurate, and computationally attractive modeling techniques. The paper starts with reviewing existing technologies to model the propagation of extreme events and then discusses the approaches used to model impacts of these events on power system components and system response. This paper also discusses the research gaps and associated challenges, and potential solutions to the limitations of the existing modeling approaches.
description: This paper has been accepted and presented at probabilistic methods applied to power systems (PMAPS 2020) conference
Implications of the Cosmic Background Imager Polarization Data
Creators: name: Sievers, J. L.
name: Achermann, C.
name: Bond, J. R.
name: Bronfman, L.
name: Bustos, R.
name: Contaldi, C. R.
name: Dickinson, C.
name: Ferreira, P. G.
name: Jones, M. E.
name: Lewis, A. M.
name: Mason, B. S.
name: May, J.
name: Myers, S. T.
name: Padin, S.
name: Pearson, T. J.
name: Pospieszalski, M.
name: Readhead, A. C. S.
name: Reeves, R.
name: Taylor, A. C.
name: Torres, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new measurements of the power spectra of the E-mode of CMB polarization, the temperature T, the cross-correlation of E and T, and upper limits on the B-mode from 2.5 years of dedicated Cosmic Background Imager (CBI) observations. Both raw maps and optimal signal images in the uv-plane and real space show strong detections of the E-mode (11.7 sigma for the EE power spectrum overall) and no detection of the B-mode. The power spectra are used to constrain parameters of the flat tilted adiabatic Lambda-CDM models: those determined from EE and TE bandpowers agree with those from TT, a powerful consistency check. There is little tolerance for shifting polarization peaks from the TT-forecast locations, as measured by the angular sound crossing scale theta = 100 ell_s = 1.03 +/- 0.02 from EE and TE cf. 1.044 +/- 0.005 with the TT data included. The scope for extra out-of-phase peaks from subdominant isocurvature modes is also curtailed. The EE and TE measurements of CBI, DASI and BOOMERANG are mutually consistent, and, taken together rather than singly, give enhanced leverage for these tests.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, submitted to ApJ -- Accepted version. The fine-bin spectrum, covariance matrix, and window functions are now available on the web (suitable for use in COSMOMC) at: http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~tjp/CBI/data2006/index.html The pipeline in the previous version inadvertently omitted one antenna, so the new spectrum contains ~15% more data. We emphasize that previous results were in no way biased, and that the (small) changes to the spectrum solely reflect the inclusion of the additional data. Numbers and figures in the paper have been updated correspondingly. All maps now have color bars
A Simultaneous RXTE and XMM-Newton Observation of the Broad-Line Radio Galaxy 3C 111
Creators: name: Lewis, Karen T.
name: Eracleous, Michael
name: Gliozzi, Mario
name: Sambruna, Rita M.
name: Mushotzky, Richard F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of simultaneous XMM-Newton and RXTE observations of the Broad-Line Radio Galaxy 3C 111. We find that the Compton reflection bump is extremely weak, however, broad residuals are clearly present in the spectrum near the Fe Kalpha emission line region. When fitted with a Gaussian emission line,the feature has an equivalent width of 40-100eV and full-width at half maximum of greater than 20,000 km/s, however the exact properties of this weak line are highly dependent upon the chosen continuum model. The width of the line suggests an origin in the inner accretion disk, which is, however, inconsistent with the lack of Compton reflection. We find that much of the broad residual emission can be attributed to continuum curvature. The data are consistent with a model in which the primary powerlaw continuum is reprocessed by an accretion disk which is truncated as small radii. Alternatively, the primary source could be partially covered by a dense absorber. The latter model is less attractive than the former because of the small inclination angle of the jet of 3C 111 to the line of sight. We consider it likely that the curved continuum of the partial covering model is fortuitously similar to the continuum shape of the reprocessing model. In both models, the fit is greatly improved by the addition of an unresolved Fe K alpha emission line, which could arise either in a Compton-thin obscuring torus or dense clouds lying along the line of sight. We also find that there are unacceptable residuals at low energies in the MOS data in particular, which were modeled as a Gaussian with an energy of ~1.5 keV; we attribute these residuals to calibration uncertainties of the MOS detectors.
description: 22 pages, 3 tables, 11 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Mission design for LISA Pathfinder
Creators: name: Landgraf, M.
name: Hechler, M.
name: Kemble, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we describe the mission design for SMART-2/LISA Pathfinder. The best trade-off between the requirements of a low-disturbance environment and communications distance is found to be a free-insertion Lissajous orbit around the first co-linear Lagrange point of the Sun-Earth system L1, 1.5x 10^6 km from Earth. In order to transfer SMART-2/LISA Pathfinder from a low Earth orbit, where it will be placed by a small launcher, the spacecraft carries out a number of apogee-raise manoeuvres, which ultimatively place it to a parabolic escape trajectory towards L1. The challenges of the design of a small mission are met, fulfilling the very demanding technology demonstration requirements without creating excessive requirements on the launch system or the ground segment.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, 5th International LISA Symposium, see http://www.landisoft.de/Markus-Landgraf
Controlling the nonlinear relaxation of quantized propagating magnons in nanodevices
Creators: name: Mohseni, M.
name: Wang, Q.
name: Heinz, B.
name: Kewenig, M.
name: Schneider, M.
name: Kohl, F.
name: Lägel, B.
name: Dubs, C.
name: Chumak, A. V.
name: Pirro, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relaxation of linear magnetization dynamics is well described by the viscous Gilbert damping processes. However, for strong excitations, nonlinear damping processes such as the decay via magnon-magnon interactions emerge and trigger additional relaxation channels. Here, we use space- and time-resolved microfocused Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy and micromagnetic simulations to investigate the nonlinear relaxation of strongly driven propagating spin waves in yttrium iron garnet nanoconduits. We show that the nonlinear magnon relaxation in this highly quantized system possesses intermodal features, i.e., magnons scatter to higher-order quantized modes through a cascade of scattering events. We further show how to control such intermodal dissipation processes by quantization of the magnon band in single-mode devices, where this phenomenon approaches its fundamental limit. Our study extends the knowledge about nonlinear propagating spin waves in nanostructures which is essential for the construction of advanced spin-wave elements as well as the realization of Bose-Einstein condensates in scaled systems.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
A new time-machine model with compact vacuum core
Creators: name: Ori, Amos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a class of curved-spacetime vacuum solutions which develope closed timelike curves at some particular moment. We then use these vacuum solutions to construct a time-machine model. The causality violation occurs inside an empty torus, which constitutes the time-machine core. The matter field surrounding this empty torus satisfies the weak, dominant, and strong energy conditions. The model is regular, asymptotically-flat, and topologically-trivial. Stability remains the main open question.
description: 7 pages
Characterising the target selection pipeline for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Bright Galaxy Survey
Creators: name: Ruiz-Macias, Omar
name: Zarrouk, Pauline
name: Cole, Shaun
name: Baugh, Carlton M.
name: Norberg, Peder
name: Lucey, John
name: Dey, Arjun
name: Eisenstein, Daniel J.
name: Doel, Peter
name: Gaztañaga, Enrique
name: Hahn, ChangHoon
name: Kehoe, Robert
name: Kitanidis, Ellie
name: Landriau, Martin
name: Lang, Dustin
name: Moustakas, John
name: Myers, Adam D.
name: Prada, Francisco
name: Schubnell, Michael
name: Weinberg, David H.
name: Wilson, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the steps taken to produce a reliable and complete input galaxy catalogue for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Bright Galaxy Survey (BGS) using the photometric Legacy Survey DR8 DECam. We analyse some of the main issues faced in the selection of targets for the DESI BGS, such as star-galaxy separation, contamination by fragmented stars and bright galaxies. Our pipeline utilizes a new way to select BGS galaxies using Gaia photometry and we implement geometrical and photometric masks that reduce the number of spurious objects. The resulting catalogue is cross-matched with the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey to assess the completeness of the galaxy catalogue and the performance of the target selection. We also validate the clustering of the sources in our BGS catalogue by comparing with mock catalogues and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data. Finally, the robustness of the BGS selection criteria is assessed by quantifying the dependence of the target galaxy density on imaging and other properties. The largest systematic correlation we find is a 7 per cent suppression of the target density in regions of high stellar density.
description: 23 pages, 18 Figures
Additional file 2 of Identification of a competing endogenous RNA network associated with prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: Wanqing Weng
name: Zhongjing Zhang
name: Weiguo Huang
name: Xiangxiang Xu
name: Boda Wu
name: Tingbo Ye
name: Yunfeng Shan
name: Shi, Keqing
name: Lin, Zhuo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. 8-lncRNAs-8-mRNAs-based classifier. (A) LASSO coefficient profiles of 60 lncRNAs and 14mRNAs. A vertical line is drawn at the value chosen by 13-fold cross-validation. (B) Ten-time cross-validation for tuning parameter selection in the LASSO model. (C) Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of the 8-lncRNAs-8-mRNAs-based classifier was performed. (D) Time-dependent ROC curve of the 8-lncRNAs-8-mRNAs-based classifier was performed.
Investigation of the force between two non-commutative U(2) monopoles
Creators: name: Chu, Karene Ka Yin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The force between two widely separated 't Hooft-Polyakov monopoles involves an ordinary Coulomb force as well as an attractive force with the same magnitude mediated by a scalar field. Manton arrived at this fact using an ansatz he discovered for a weakly accelerating monopole [1]. We study Manton's method, eliminate its ambiguities, interpret the ansatz as the external force law for a monopole, and compare it with another approach that uses the stress-energy tensor [2]. We find that the force between two monopoles in non-commutative spacetime does not alter from that in commutative spacetime to first order in the non-commutative parameter, θ, both by extending Manton's method and by finding the total energy of the system. We investigate Manton's method at O(θ²) but find it not very promising . We understand that the non-commutativity starts to affect dynamics only at O(θ²).
Naturally Degenerate Right Handed Neutrinos
Creators: name: West, Stephen M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of supersymmetric theories, a weakly broken gauged SO(3) flavour symmetry is used to produce two highly degenerate right handed (RH) neutrinos. It is then shown that this SO(3) flavour symmetry is compatible with all fermion masses and mixings if it is supplemented with a further SU(3) flavour symmetry. A specific Susy breaking model is used to generate the light neutrino masses as well as a natural model of TeV scale resonant leptogenesis.
description: 13 Pages latex, version accepted to Phys. Rev. D
Phase Lags in the Optical-Infrared Light Curves of AGB Stars
Creators: name: Smith, Beverly J.
name: Price, Stephan D.
name: Moffett, Amanda J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To search for phase lags in the optical-infrared light curves of asymptotic giant branch stars, we have compared infrared data from the COBE DIRBE satellite with optical light curves from the AAVSO and other sources. We found 17 examples of phase lags in the time of maximum in the infrared vs. that in the optical, and 4 stars with no observed lags. There is a clear difference between the Mira variables and the semi-regulars in the sample, with the maximum in the optical preceding that in the near-infrared in the Miras, while in most of the semi-regulars no lags are observed. Comparison to published theoretical models indicates that the phase lags in the Miras are due to strong titanium oxide absorption in the visual at stellar maximum, and suggests that Miras pulsate in the fundamental mode, while at least some semi-regulars are first overtone pulsators. There is a clear optical-near-infrared phase lag in the carbon-rich Mira V CrB; this is likely due to C2 and CN absorption variations in the optical.
description: AJ, in press
Infinite DLR Measures and Volume-Type Phase Transitions on Countable Markov Shifts
Creators: name: Beltrán, Elmer R.
name: Bissacot, Rodrigo
name: Endo, Eric O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 28Dxx, 37B10, 37C30, 37D35, 82B26

description: We consider the natural definition of DLR measure in the setting of $σ$-finite measures on countable Markov shifts. We prove that the set of DLR measures contains the set of conformal measures associated with Walters potentials. In the BIP case, or when the potential normalizes the Ruelle's operator, we prove that the notions of DLR and conformal coincide. On the standard renewal shift, we study the problem of describing the cases when the set of the eigenmeasures jumps from finite to infinite measures when we consider high and low temperatures, respectively. For this particular shift, we prove that there always exist finite DLR measures, and we have an expression to the critical temperature for this volume-type phase transition, which occurs only for potentials with the infinite first variation.
description: 22 pages
Microwave-induced suppression of dissipative conductivity and its Shubnikov -- de Haas oscillations in two-dimensional electron systems: Effect of dynamic electron localization
Creators: name: Ryzhii, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model for microwave photoconductivity in two-dimensional electron systems (2DESs) in a magnetic field at the microwave frequencies lower that the electron cyclotron frequency when the intra-Landau level (LL) transitions dominate. Using this model, we explain the effect of decrease in the 2DES dissipative conductivity (and resistivity) and smearing of its Shubnikov -- de Haas oscillations by microwave radiation observed recently \cite{1,2}. The model invokes the concept of suppression of elastic impurity scattering of electrons by the microwave electric field. We calculated the dependence of the 2DES conductivity associated with intra-LL transitions as a function of the radiation and cyclotron frequencies and microwave power. The obtained dependences are consistent with the results of recent experimental observations \cite{1,2}.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Quantum time dilation in atomic spectra
Creators: name: Grochowski, Piotr T.
name: Smith, Alexander R. H.
name: Dragan, Andrzej
name: Dębski, Kacper
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum time dilation occurs when a clock moves in a superposition of relativistic momentum wave packets. We utilize the lifetime of an excited hydrogen-like atom as a clock to demonstrate how quantum time dilation manifests in a spontaneous emission process. The resulting emission rate differs when compared to the emission rate of an atom prepared in a mixture of momentum wave packets at order $v^2/c^2$. This effect is accompanied by a quantum correction to the Doppler shift due to the coherence between momentum wave packets. This quantum Doppler shift affects the spectral line shape at order $v/c$. However, its effect on the decay rate is suppressed when compared to the effect of quantum time dilation. We argue that spectroscopic experiments offer a technologically feasible platform to explore the effects of quantum time dilation.
description: 15 pages
Additional file 1 of Identification of a competing endogenous RNA network associated with prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: Wanqing Weng
name: Zhongjing Zhang
name: Weiguo Huang
name: Xiangxiang Xu
name: Boda Wu
name: Tingbo Ye
name: Yunfeng Shan
name: Shi, Keqing
name: Lin, Zhuo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Gene enrichment in the high-risk group of the training cohort.
Repeated radiation damage and thermal annealing of avalanche photodiodes
Creators: name: DSouza, Ian
name: Bourgoin, Jean-Philippe
name: Higgins, Brendon L.
name: Lim, Jin Gyu
name: Tannous, Ramy
name: Agne, Sascha
name: Moffat, Brian
name: Makarov, Vadim
name: Jennewein, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are well-suited for single-photon detection on quantum communication satellites as they are a mature technology with high detection efficiency without requiring cryogenic cooling. They are, however, prone to significantly increased thermal noise caused by in-orbit radiation damage. Previous work demonstrated that a one-time application of thermal annealing reduces radiation-damage-induced APD thermal noise. Here we examine the effect of cyclical proton irradiation and thermal annealing. We use an accelerated testing environment which emulates a realistic two-year operating profile of a satellite in low-Earth-orbit. We show that repeated thermal annealing is effective at maintaining thermal noise of silicon APDs within a range suitable for quantum key distribution throughout the nominal mission life, and beyond. We examine two strategies -- annealing at a fixed period of time, and annealing only when the thermal noise exceeds a pre-defined limit. We find both strategies exhibit similar thermal noise at end-of-life, with a slight overall advantage to annealing conditionally. We also observe that afterpulsing probability of the detector increases with cumulative proton irradiation. This knowledge helps guide design and tasking decisions for future space-borne quantum communication applications.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 1 of Effect of genomic selection and genotyping strategy on estimation of variance components in animal models using different relationship matrices
Creators: name: Wang, Lei
name: Janss, Luc L.
name: Madsen, Per
name: Henshall, John
name: Chyong-Huoy Huang
name: Danye Marois
name: Setegn Alemu
name: AC Sørensen
name: Jensen, Just
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Genetic variance by generation in the simulated data computed from the variance of true breeding values in each generation.
The Consequences of a Strong Depreciation of the U.S. Dollar on Agricultural Markets
Creators: name: Charlebois, Pierre
name: Hamann, Nathalie
name: Charlebois, Pierre
name: Hamann, Nathalie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Political Economy
subject: depreciation
subject: exchange rate
subject: U.S. dollar
subject: Currencies
subject: AGLINK
subject: world prices
subject: competitiveness
subject: agricultural markets

description: World prices for basic food commodities increased significantly in 2007-2008, triggering a worldwide food crisis. Among all the factors that contributed to the rise in agricultural prices in 2008, the depreciation of the U.S. dollar relative to other major currencies cannot be overlooked. The currencies of the major players in agricultural markets have shown strong appreciation from 2002 to 2008. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of a strong depreciation of the U.S. dollar on the world prices of food commodities. Given the current U.S. budget situation, future depreciation is possible. This would again have consequences on world commodity prices and on the competitiveness of different countries. Thus, the final section assesses what would happen if a comparable depreciation in the U.S. dollar occurred in the near future.
THE ROLE OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL BUSINESSES
Creators: name: Nazarova, Umida
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The digital economy has become a vital driver for the development and growth of small businesses worldwide. This article explores the significant role that the digital economy plays in fostering innovation, improving efficiency, and expanding market reach for small businesses. The study also examines challenges that small businesses face in embracing digitalization and provides recommendations for leveraging digital transformation to enhance competitiveness.