cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hacking Cryptographic Protocols with Advanced Variational Quantum Attacks
Creators: name: Aizpurua, Borja
name: Bermejo, Pablo
name: Martinez, Josu Etxezarreta
name: Orus, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Here we introduce an improved approach to Variational Quantum Attack Algorithms (VQAA) on crytographic protocols. Our methods provide robust quantum attacks to well-known cryptographic algorithms, more efficiently and with remarkably fewer qubits than previous approaches. We implement simulations of our attacks for symmetric-key protocols such as S-DES, S-AES and Blowfish. For instance, we show how our attack allows a classical simulation of a small 8-qubit quantum computer to find the secret key of one 32-bit Blowfish instance with 24 times fewer number of iterations than a brute-force attack. Our work also shows improvements in attack success rates for lightweight ciphers such as S-DES and S-AES. Further applications beyond symmetric-key cryptography are also discussed, including asymmetric-key protocols and hash functions. In addition, we also comment on potential future improvements of our methods. Our results bring one step closer assessing the vulnerability of large-size classical cryptographic protocols with Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices, and set the stage for future research in quantum cybersecurity.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
Dephasing of Strong-Field-Driven Floquet States Revealed by Time- and Spectrum-Resolved Quantum-Path Interferometry
Creators: name: Liu, Yaxin
name: Zhu, Bingbing
name: Jiang, Shicheng
name: Huang, Shenyang
name: Luo, Mingyan
name: Zhang, Sheng
name: Yan, Hugen
name: Zhang, Yuanbo
name: Lu, Ruifeng
name: Tao, Zhensheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Floquet engineering, while a powerful tool for ultrafast quantum-state manipulation, faces challenges under strong-field conditions, as recent high harmonic generation studies unveil exceptionally short dephasing times. In this study, using time- and spectrum-resolved quantum-path interferometry, we investigate the dephasing mechanisms of terahertz-driven excitons. Our results reveal a dramatic increase in exciton dephasing rate beyond a threshold field strength, indicating exciton dissociation as the primary dephasing mechanism. Importantly, we demonstrate long dephasing times of strong-field-dressed excitons, supporting coherent strong-field manipulation of quantum materials.
The AutoSPADA Platform: User-Friendly Edge Computing for Distributed Learning and Data Analytics in Connected Vehicles
Creators: name: Nilsson, Adrian
name: Smith, Simon
name: Hagmar, Jonas
name: Önnheim, Magnus
name: Jirstrand, Mats
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Contemporary connected vehicles host numerous applications, such as diagnostics and navigation, and new software is continuously being developed. However, the development process typically requires offline batch processing of large data volumes. In an edge computing approach, data analysts and developers can instead process sensor data directly on computational resources inside vehicles. This enables rapid prototyping to shorten development cycles and reduce the time to create new business values or insights. This paper presents the design, implementation, and operation of the AutoSPADA edge computing platform for distributed data analytics. The platform's design follows scalability, reliability, resource efficiency, privacy, and security principles promoted through mature and industrially proven technologies. In AutoSPADA, computational tasks are general Python scripts, and we provide a library to, for example, read signals from the vehicle and publish results to the cloud. Hence, users only need Python knowledge to use the platform. Moreover, the platform is designed to be extended to support additional programming languages.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, 1 algorithm, 1 code listing
Local isomorphism classes of fractional ideals of orders in étale algebras
Creators: name: Marseglia, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16H10, 11Y40

description: We study the local isomorphism classes, also known as genera or weak equivalence classes, of fractional ideals of orders in étale algebras. We provide a classification in terms of linear algebra objects over residue fields. As a by-product, we obtain a recursive algorithm to compute representatives of the classes, which vastly outperforms previously known methods.
description: accepted version
[Benjamin Maier] Master Thesis Exploring Methods For Improved Strobemer Seeding
Creators: name: Maier, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: As the amount of generated sequencing data grows rapidly every year, there is a large need
 to scale up bioinformatical analysis to keep pace with data generation to move genomics
 research forward. Even though exact k-mer-based methods remain the most commonly used
 seeding technique for sequence matching, they require identical matches between sequences,
 which can be a problem when dealing with high mutation rates or transposon activity.
 Recently, a novel seeding technique, strobemers, for general-purpose sequence matching
 was developed which can span over mutations by linking shorter k-mers ("strobes") with
 gaps between them. Despite providing more evenly distributed matches between similar
 sequences, the method is still outperformed by k-mers when it comes to the number of
 matches and when subsampling is applied. As strobemers are still a recent and unexplored
 design, we studied two aspects of strobemers that can be improved.
 Firstly, we constructed a mixed seeding technique, which seeds both k-mers and strobemers
 depending on their hash values to obtain the high number of matches and the good subsampling
 performance from k-mers and the good spread of matches from strobemers. Following
 parameter optimization for di erent mutation rates, we benchmarked mixedstrobes against
 k-mers, spaced k-mers, and the rest of the strobemer family. We found that seeding 60%
 strobemers and 40% k-mers yields best matching results.
 Secondly, we developed an alignment-free algorithm to estimate mutation rates based on
 using properties from the strobemer seeds such as the hash value and length of the seed
 to subsequently assign probabilities of matches being exact from end to end. Our results
 demonstrate that mutation rates can be reliably estimated for sequences as short as 1,000
 nucleotides and that a quality score can be assigned to each seed eciently. This algorithm
 may be implemented for various tasks including prioritization of genomic locations when
 mapping reads from mixed-species bacterial sequencing data.
Better, Not Just More: Data-Centric Machine Learning for Earth Observation
Creators: name: Roscher, Ribana
name: Rußwurm, Marc
name: Gevaert, Caroline
name: Kampffmeyer, Michael
name: Santos, Jefersson A. dos
name: Vakalopoulou, Maria
name: Hänsch, Ronny
name: Hansen, Stine
name: Nogueira, Keiller
name: Prexl, Jonathan
name: Tuia, Devis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent developments and research in modern machine learning have led to substantial improvements in the geospatial field. Although numerous deep learning architectures and models have been proposed, the majority of them have been solely developed on benchmark datasets that lack strong real-world relevance. Furthermore, the performance of many methods has already saturated on these datasets. We argue that a shift from a model-centric view to a complementary data-centric perspective is necessary for further improvements in accuracy, generalization ability, and real impact on end-user applications. Furthermore, considering the entire machine learning cycle-from problem definition to model deployment with feedback-is crucial for enhancing machine learning models that can be reliable in unforeseen situations. This work presents a definition as well as a precise categorization and overview of automated data-centric learning approaches for geospatial data. It highlights the complementary role of data-centric learning with respect to model-centric in the larger machine learning deployment cycle. We review papers across the entire geospatial field and categorize them into different groups. A set of representative experiments shows concrete implementation examples. These examples provide concrete steps to act on geospatial data with data-centric machine learning approaches.
Geometric Inequality for Axisymmetric Black Holes With Angular Momentum
Creators: name: Feng, Xuefeng
name: Yan, Ruodi
name: Gao, Sijie
name: Lau, Yun-Kau
name: Yau, Shing-Tung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an effort to understand the Penrose inequality for black holes with angular momentum, an axisymmetric, vacuum, asymptotically Euclidean initial data set subject to certain quasi-stationary conditions is considered for a case study. A new geometric definition of angular velocity of a rotating black hole is defined in terms of the momentum constraint, without any reference to a stationary Killing vector field. The momentum constraint is then shown to be equivalent to the dynamics of a two-dimensional steady compressible fluid flow governed by a quasi-conformal mapping. In terms of spinors, a generalised first law for rotating black holes (possibly with multi-connected horizon located along the symmetry axis) is then proven and may be regarded as a Penrose-type inequality for black holes with angular momentum.
description: Typos corrected, matches the published version
Non-monotonic temperature dependence of electron viscosity and crossover to high-temperature universal viscous fluid in monolayer and bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Yudhistira, Indra
name: Afrose, Ramal
name: Adam, Shaffique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrons in quantum matter behave like a fluid when the quantum-mechanical carrier-carrier scattering dominates over other relaxation mechanisms. By combining a microscopic treatment of electron-electron interactions within the random phase approximation with a phenomenological Navier-Stokes like equation, we predict that in the limit of high temperature and strong Coulomb interactions, both monolayer and bilayer graphene exhibit a universal behavior in dynamic viscosity. We find that the dynamic viscosity to entropy density ratio for bilayer graphene is closer to the holographic bound suggesting that such a bound might be observable in a condensed matter system. We discuss how this could be observed experimentally using a magnetoconductance measurements in a Corbino geometry for a realistic range of temperature and carrier density.
KernelGPT: Enhanced Kernel Fuzzing via Large Language Models
Creators: name: Yang, Chenyuan
name: Zhao, Zijie
name: Zhang, Lingming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Bugs in operating system kernels can affect billions of devices and users all over the world. As a result, a large body of research has been focused on kernel fuzzing, i.e., automatically generating syscall (system call) sequences to detect potential kernel bugs or vulnerabilities. Kernel fuzzing aims to generate valid syscall sequences guided by syscall specifications that define both the syntax and semantics of syscalls. While there has been existing work trying to automate syscall specification generation, this remains largely manual work, and a large number of important syscalls are still uncovered.
 In this paper, we propose KernelGPT, the first approach to automatically synthesizing syscall specifications via Large Language Models (LLMs) for enhanced kernel fuzzing. Our key insight is that LLMs have seen massive kernel code, documentation, and use cases during pre-training, and thus can automatically distill the necessary information for making valid syscalls. More specifically, KernelGPT leverages an iterative approach to automatically infer the specifications, and further debug and repair them based on the validation feedback. Our results demonstrate that KernelGPT can generate more new and valid specifications and achieve higher coverage than state-of-the-art techniques. So far, by using newly generated specifications, KernelGPT has already detected 24 new unique bugs in Linux kernel, with 12 fixed and 11 assigned with CVE numbers. Moreover, a number of specifications generated by KernelGPT have already been merged into the kernel fuzzer Syzkaller, following the request from its development team.
description: ASPLOS 2025
Social capital, institutions and policymaking
Creators: name: Savioli, Marco
name: Patuelli, Roberto
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2016
Subjects: SECS-P/02 Politica economica

description: Economic processes, consisting of interactions between human beings, exploit the social capital of persons endowed with specific cultures, identities and education. By taking into account this complexity,
we focus on the role of institutions and policymaking in the building of social capital and its relevance to the fulfilment of their objectives. Social capital, however, is elusive and has several dimensions with which to interpret its multifaceted functions in economics and society. We cannot forget that social capital is sometimes even undesirable for society, for instance when unethically used. Even so, it is widely accepted that social capital has stable and positive effects.
Optimizing Resource Allocation for COVID-19 Vaccination Planning within Long-Term Care Facilities: A Refined Multilevel Linear Programming Approach
Creators: name: Kaci, Mustapha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we introduce an algorithm designed to solve a Multilevel MOnoObjective Linear Programming Problem (ML(MO)OLPP). Our approach is a refined adaptation of Sinha and Sinha's linear programming method, incorporating the development of an "interval reduction map" that precisely refines decision variable intervals based on the influence of the preceding level's decision maker. Each construction stage is meticulously examined. The effectiveness of the algorithm is validated through a detailed numerical example, illustrating its practical applicability in resource management challenges. With a specific focus on vaccination planning within long-term care facilities and its relevance to the COVID-19 pandemic, our study addresses the optimization of resource allocation, placing a strong emphasis on the equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccines.
The Benefits of a Concise Chain of Thought on Problem-Solving in Large Language Models
Creators: name: Renze, Matthew
name: Guven, Erhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we introduce Concise Chain-of-Thought (CCoT) prompting. We compared standard CoT and CCoT prompts to see how conciseness impacts response length and correct-answer accuracy. We evaluated this using GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 with a multiple-choice question-and-answer (MCQA) benchmark. CCoT reduced average response length by 48.70% for both GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 while having a negligible impact on problem-solving performance. However, on math problems, GPT-3.5 with CCoT incurs a performance penalty of 27.69%. Overall, CCoT leads to an average per-token cost reduction of 22.67%. All code, data, and supplemental materials are available on GitHub at https://github.com/matthewrenze/jhu-concise-cot
Copper indium sulfide quantum dots enabling quantitative visible light photoisomerisation of (E)-azobenzene chromophores
Creators: name: Ziani, Zakaria
name: Bellatreccia, Caterina
name: Battaglia, Filippo Piero
name: Morselli, Giacomo
name: Ceroni, Paola
name: Villa, Marco
name: Gradone, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Azobenzene derivatives have long been studied for their photochromic behaviour. One of the greatest challenges in this field is the quantitative (E) to (Z) photoconversion triggered by visible light irradiation. In this work, the synthesis and characterization of CuInS2 quantum dots (CIS-QDs) appended with azobenzene units are reported: quantitative (E) → (Z) isomerisation is obtained by visible light (e.g., λex = 533 nm). Interestingly, catalytic amounts of CIS-QDs allow the full photoconversion of ungrafted (E)-azobenzene derivatives into the corresponding (Z)-isomers using visible light. This peculiar behaviour is associated with the direct complexation of the (Z)-isomer on the QD surface.
Market Abuse Directive and Insider Trading: Evidence from Italian Tender Offers
Creators: name: Ferretti, Riccardo
name: Pattitoni, Pierpaolo
name: Patuelli, Roberto
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2016
Subjects: SECS-P/02 Politica economica

description: This study analyzes the effectiveness of the Market Abuse Directive (MAD) in reducing possible profits from insider trading during voluntary tender offers with the purpose of delisting initiated by controlling shareholders. Exploiting the quasi-experimental setting provided by the introduction of the MAD, our event-study analysis on the Italian market suggests that the new regulation did not produce appreciable effects on the magnitude of abnormal returns and volumes noted before the announcement of a tender offer. Multivariate econometric analyses based on regression and matching methods confirm this result. However, poolability tests reveal that the MAD has changed the manner in which corporate characteristics influence the capacity of insiders to make profit. We interpret our results considering the choice problem of the optimal amount of insider trading, when comparing the marginal costs and benefits of the illegal activity.
Towards large-scale quantum optimization solvers with few qubits
Creators: name: Sciorilli, Marco
name: Borges, Lucas
name: Patti, Taylor L.
name: García-Martín, Diego
name: Camilo, Giancarlo
name: Anandkumar, Anima
name: Aolita, Leandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a variational quantum solver for combinatorial optimizations over $m=\mathcal{O}(n^k)$ binary variables using only $n$ qubits, with tunable $k>1$. The number of parameters and circuit depth display mild linear and sublinear scalings in $m$, respectively. Moreover, we analytically prove that the specific qubit-efficient encoding brings in a super-polynomial mitigation of barren plateaus as a built-in feature. This leads to unprecedented quantum-solver performances. For $m=7000$, numerical simulations produce solutions competitive in quality with state-of-the-art classical solvers. In turn, for $m=2000$, an experiment with $n=17$ trapped-ion qubits featured MaxCut approximation ratios estimated to be beyond the hardness threshold $0.941$. To our knowledge, this is the highest quality attained experimentally on such sizes. Our findings offer a novel heuristics for quantum-inspired solvers as well as a promising route towards solving commercially-relevant problems on near term quantum devices.
How teachers think about the role of digital technologies in student assessment in mathematics
Creators: name: Venturini, Marta <1987>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2015
Subjects: MAT/04 Matematiche complementari

description: This study concerns teachers’ use of digital technologies in student assessment, and how the learning that is developed through the use of technology in mathematics can be evaluated. Nowadays math teachers use digital technologies in their teaching, but not in student assessment. The activities carried out with technology are seen as ‘extra-curricular’ (by both teachers and students), thus students do not learn what they can do in mathematics with digital technologies. I was interested in knowing the reasons teachers do not use digital technology to assess students’ competencies, and what they would need to be able to design innovative and appropriate tasks to assess students’ learning through digital technology.

This dissertation is built on two main components: teachers and task design. I analyze teachers’ practices involving digital technologies with Ruthven’s Structuring Features of Classroom Practice, and what relation these practices have to the types of assessment they use. I study the kinds of assessment tasks teachers design with a DGE (Dynamic Geometry Environment), using Laborde’s categorization of DGE tasks. I consider the competencies teachers aim to assess with these tasks, and how their goals relate to the learning outcomes of the curriculum.

This study also develops new directions in finding how to design suitable tasks for student mathematical assessment in a DGE, and it is driven by the desire to know what kinds of questions teachers might be more interested in using. I investigate the kinds of technology-based assessment tasks teachers value, and the type of feedback they give to students. Finally, I point out that the curriculum should include a range of mathematical and technological competencies that involve the use of digital technologies in mathematics, and I evaluate the possibility to take advantage of technology feedback to allow students to continue learning while they are taking a test.
Polynomial growth and functional calculus in algebras of integrable cross-sections
Creators: name: Flores, Felipe I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 43A20, Secondary 47L65, 47L30

description: Let ${\sf G}$ be a locally compact group with polynomial growth of order $d$, a polynomial weight $ν$ on ${\sf G}$ and a Fell bundle $\mathscr C\overset{q}{\to}{\sf G}$. We study the Banach $^*$-algebras $L^1({\sf G}\,\vert\,\mathscr C)$ and $L^{1,ν}({\sf G}\,\vert\,\mathscr C)$, consisting of integrable cross-sections with respect to ${\rm d} x$ and $ν(x){\rm d} x$, respectively. By exploring new relations between the $L^p$-norms and the norm of the Hilbert $C^*$-module $L^2_{\rm e}({\sf G}\,\vert\,\mathscr C)$, we are able to show that the growth of the self-adjoint, compactly supported, continuous cross-sections is polynomial. More precisely, they satisfy $$\|{e^{itΦ}}\|=O(|t|^n),\quad\text{ as }|t|\to\infty,$$ for values of $n$ that only depend on $d$ and the weight $ν$. We use this fact to develop a smooth functional calculus for such elements. We also give some sufficient conditions for these algebras to be symmetric. As consequences, we show that these algebras are locally regular, $^*$-regular and have the Wiener property (when symmetric), among other results. Our results are already new for convolution algebras associated with $C^*$-dynamical systems.
description: 29 pages. The introduction was re-written, Proposition 4.17 and Lemma 5.13 changed. Remarks 3.9, 4.2 are new. Section 6 (on Hahn algebras) was removed
VALL-T: Decoder-Only Generative Transducer for Robust and Decoding-Controllable Text-to-Speech
Creators: name: Du, Chenpeng
name: Guo, Yiwei
name: Wang, Hankun
name: Yang, Yifan
name: Niu, Zhikang
name: Wang, Shuai
name: Zhang, Hui
name: Chen, Xie
name: Yu, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent TTS models with decoder-only Transformer architecture, such as SPEAR-TTS and VALL-E, achieve impressive naturalness and demonstrate the ability for zero-shot adaptation given a speech prompt. However, such decoder-only TTS models lack monotonic alignment constraints, sometimes leading to hallucination issues such as mispronunciation, word skipping and repeating. To address this limitation, we propose VALL-T, a generative Transducer model that introduces shifting relative position embeddings for input phoneme sequence, explicitly indicating the monotonic generation process while maintaining the architecture of decoder-only Transformer. Consequently, VALL-T retains the capability of prompt-based zero-shot adaptation and demonstrates better robustness against hallucinations with a relative reduction of 28.3% in the word error rate.
description: Accepted to ICASSP 2025
Quantifying the Effect of Short-timescale Stellar Activity Upon Transit Detection in M Dwarfs
Creators: name: Yaptangco, Dana Clarice
name: Ballard, Sarah
name: Dittmann, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: M dwarf stars comprise 70-80% of the galaxy's stars and host most of its rocky planets. They also importantly differ from Sunlike stars in that they are "active" for billions of years or more: rotating quickly, flaring often, and emitting large amounts of UV and X-ray light. The effects of stellar activity upon both photometry and spectroscopy make their exoplanets more difficult to detect, and M dwarfs exhibit this behavior for thousands of times longer than a typical Sunlike star. While activity signals such as flaring and stellar rotation can be more readily modeled or removed from photometry, the contribution of unresolved stellar activity to transit sensitivity is harder to quantify. In this paper, we investigate the difference in the detectability of planetary transits around a sample of M dwarfs observed by NASA's TESS Mission, characterized by a common stellar radius, effective temperature, and TESS magnitude. Our sample is classified as either "active" or "inactive" based upon the presence of H$α$ in emission. After removing the more readily identifiable signatures of activity: stellar rotation and large flares, we perform an injection-and-recovery analysis of transits for each star. We extract detection sensitivity as a function of planetary radius and orbital period for each star in the sample. Then, we produce averaged sensitivity maps for the "active" stars and the "inactive" stars, for the sake of comparison. We quantify the extent to which signal-to-noise is degraded for transit detection, when comparing an active star to an inactive star of the same temperature and apparent brightness. We aim for these sensitivity maps to be useful to the exoplanet community in future M dwarf occurrence rate studies.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to the Astronomical Journal
Supplementary document for Graphene-based fine tuning of Fano resonance transmission of quasi-bound states in the continuum - 5961950.pdf
Creators: name: Kim, Myunghwan
name: Kee, Chul-Sik
name: Kim, Soan
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Quality factor (Q-factor) as a function of Fermi level.
Lévy areas, Wong Zakai anomalies in diffusive limits of Deterministic Lagrangian Multi-Time Dynamics
Creators: name: Diamantakis, Theo
name: Woodfield, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37N10 (Primary), 37A50 (Secondary)

description: Stochastic modelling necessitates an interpretation of noise. In this paper, we describe the loss of deterministically stable behaviour in a fundamental fluid mechanics problem, conditional to whether noise is introduced in the sense of Itô, Stratonovich or a limit of Wong-Zakai type. We examine this comparison in the wider context of discretising stochastic differential equations with and without the Lévy area. From the numerical viewpoint, we demonstrate performing higher order discretisations with the use of a Lévy area can lead to the loss of conserved area and angle quantities. Such behaviour is not physically expected in the Stratonovich model. Conversely, we study Stochastic Advection by Lie Transport and its derivation from homogenisation theory, which introduces drift corrections of the same class naturally. From the viewpoint of homogenisation, the qualitative properties of the Wong-Zakai anomaly are physically motivated as arising due to correlations from a fast and mean scale fluid decomposition.
description: 36 main body pages with 11 figures and 54 total pages
From crisis to epiphany: what firing a research assistant helped me appreciate about agency and Muslim women in Howrah, West Bengal, India
Creators: name: Gibson, Lorena
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 200299 Cultural Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other humanities
subject: Sociology

description: No description supplied
Collective memory-work as method and resistance
Creators: name: Farrelly, T
name: Stewart-Withers, R
name: McLennan, S
name: Gibson, Lorena
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 200299 Cultural Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other humanities
subject: Sociology

description: No description supplied
The Effect of Sampling Temperature on Problem Solving in Large Language Models
Creators: name: Renze, Matthew
name: Guven, Erhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this research study, we empirically investigate the effect of sampling temperature on the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on various problem-solving tasks. We created a multiple-choice question-and-answer (MCQA) exam by randomly sampling problems from standard LLM benchmarks. Then, we used nine popular LLMs with five prompt-engineering techniques to solve the MCQA problems while increasing the sampling temperature from 0.0 to 1.6. Despite anecdotal reports to the contrary, our empirical results indicate that changes in temperature from 0.0 to 1.0 do not have a statistically significant impact on LLM performance for problem-solving tasks. In addition, these results appear to generalize across LLMs, prompt-engineering techniques, and problem domains. All code, data, and supplemental materials are available on GitHub at: https://github.com/matthewrenze/jhu-llm-temperature
The Mumford conjecture (after Bianchi)
Creators: name: Das, Ronno
name: Petersen, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57K20, 14H10, 55P48, 55R40

description: We give a self-contained and streamlined rendition of Andrea Bianchi's recent proof of the Mumford conjecture using moduli spaces of branched covers.
description: 23 pages. Final version to appear in Journal of Topology
BdSLW60: A Word-Level Bangla Sign Language Dataset
Creators: name: Rubaiyeat, Husne Ara
name: Mahmud, Hasan
name: Habib, Ahsan
name: Hasan, Md. Kamrul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sign language discourse is an essential mode of daily communication for the deaf and hard-of-hearing people. However, research on Bangla Sign Language (BdSL) faces notable limitations, primarily due to the lack of datasets. Recognizing wordlevel signs in BdSL (WL-BdSL) presents a multitude of challenges, including the need for well-annotated datasets, capturing the dynamic nature of sign gestures from facial or hand landmarks, developing suitable machine learning or deep learning-based models with substantial video samples, and so on. In this paper, we address these challenges by creating a comprehensive BdSL word-level dataset named BdSLW60 in an unconstrained and natural setting, allowing positional and temporal variations and allowing sign users to change hand dominance freely. The dataset encompasses 60 Bangla sign words, with a significant scale of 9307 video trials provided by 18 signers under the supervision of a sign language professional. The dataset was rigorously annotated and cross-checked by 60 annotators. We also introduced a unique approach of a relative quantization-based key frame encoding technique for landmark based sign gesture recognition. We report the benchmarking of our BdSLW60 dataset using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) with testing accuracy up to 67.6% and an attention-based bi-LSTM with testing accuracy up to 75.1%. The dataset is available at https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/hasaniut/bdslw60 and the code base is accessible from https://github.com/hasanssl/BdSLW60_Code.
Supplementary document for Graphene-based fine tuning of Fano resonance transmission of quasi-bound states in the continuum - 5961950.pdf
Creators: name: Kim, Myunghwan
name: Kee, Chul-Sik
name: Kim, Soan
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Quality factor (Q-factor) as a function of Fermi level.
Electrically controlled focusing of de Broglie matter waves by Fresnel zone plate
Creators: name: Barman, Sushanta
name: Bhattacharjee, Sudeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution from classical to quantum matter wave optics has been influenced by transformative optical devices. Fresnel zone plates (FZP), initially designed for light manipulation, have now found expanded applications in matter waves. In this study, focusing of helium atoms by an electrically biased FZP is investigated numerically. The $n$th opaque zone of the FZP is subject to electrostatic biasing using three ways: (i) $V_n=V_1$, where $V_1$ is the biasing voltage applied to the central zone, (ii) $V_n=V_1 \sqrt{n}$, and (iii) $V_n = V_1 \sin (k_E n)$, with $k_E$ being the radial modulation factor. The effect of biasing the FZP on the transmission coefficient ($T_c$), focal length ($f$), size of the focused wave packet ($σ_F$), transverse intensity profile, and focusing efficiency ($η$) is investigated. The study reveals that the electrical biasing of the FZP modulates the diffractive focusing of neutral atoms by altering the atom-surface interaction with induced polarization potential. It is observed that biasing with $V_n=V_1$ induces multi-focusing of the FZP, reducing wave packet transmission and focusing efficiency. Biasing with $V_n=V_1 \sqrt{n}$ significantly enhances the transmission coefficient by $23.7\%$, increases the focal length $f$ by $103\%$, and improves the focusing efficiency from $10\%$ to $20.17\%$, indicating enhanced focusing performance. Biasing with $V_n=V_1 \sin(k_E n)$ offers increased controllability in focusing matter waves through the parameters $k_E$ and $V_1$. In this case, a highly intense focused wave packet with a better efficiency of $20.3\%$ is observed compared to the other cases. The findings will be helpful in various emerging applications of atom optics, such as improving the performance of helium microscopes, enabling control in cold atom trapping on atom chips, and high-precision atom lithography for quantum electronic devices.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
Robust covariance estimation and explainable outlier detection for matrix-valued data
Creators: name: Mayrhofer, Marcus
name: Radojičić, Una
name: Filzmoser, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work introduces the Matrix Minimum Covariance Determinant (MMCD) method, a novel robust location and covariance estimation procedure designed for data that are naturally represented in the form of a matrix. Unlike standard robust multivariate estimators, which would only be applicable after a vectorization of the matrix-variate samples leading to high-dimensional datasets, the MMCD estimators account for the matrix-variate data structure and consistently estimate the mean matrix, as well as the rowwise and columnwise covariance matrices in the class of matrix-variate elliptical distributions. Additionally, we show that the MMCD estimators are matrix affine equivariant and achieve a higher breakdown point than the maximal achievable one by any multivariate, affine equivariant location/covariance estimator when applied to the vectorized data. An efficient algorithm with convergence guarantees is proposed and implemented. As a result, robust Mahalanobis distances based on MMCD estimators offer a reliable tool for outlier detection. Additionally, we extend the concept of Shapley values for outlier explanation to the matrix-variate setting, enabling the decomposition of the squared Mahalanobis distances into contributions of the rows, columns, or individual cells of matrix-valued observations. Notably, both the theoretical guarantees and simulations show that the MMCD estimators outperform robust estimators based on vectorized observations, offering better computational efficiency and improved robustness. Moreover, real-world data examples demonstrate the practical relevance of the MMCD estimators and the resulting robust Shapley values.
Supplementary document for In vivo evaluation of a lipopolysaccharide-induced ear vascular leakage model in mice using photoacoustic microscopy - 5962091.pdf
Creators: name: Li, Zhe
name: He, Pengbo
name: Xu, Yuqing
name: Deng, Yuxiao
name: Gao, Yuan
name: Chen, Sung-Liang
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplement 1
Field-orientation-dependent magnetic phases in GdRu$_2$Si$_2$ probed with muon-spin spectroscopy
Creators: name: Huddart, B. M.
name: Hernández-Melián, A.
name: Wood, G. D. A.
name: Mayoh, D. A.
name: Gomilšek, M.
name: Guguchia, Z.
name: Wang, C.
name: Hicken, T. J.
name: Blundell, S. J.
name: Balakrishnan, G.
name: Lancaster, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Centrosymmetric GdRu$_2$Si$_2$ exhibits a variety of multi-Q magnetic states as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field, including a square skyrmion-lattice phase. The material's behavior is strongly dependent on the direction of the applied field, with different phase diagrams resulting for fields applied parallel or perpendicular to the crystallographic $c$ axis. Here, we present the results of muon-spin relaxation ($μ^+$SR) measurements on single crystals of GdRu$_2$Si$_2$. Our analysis is based on the computation of muon stopping sites and consideration of zero-point motion effects, allowing direct comparison with the underlying spin textures in the material. The muon site is confirmed experimentally, using angle-dependent measurements of the muon Knight shift. Using transverse-field $μ^+$SR with fields applied along either the [001] or [100] crystallographic directions, we distinguish between the magnetic phases in this system via their distinct muon response, providing additional evidence for the skyrmion and meron-lattice phases, while also suggesting the existence of RKKY-driven muon hyperfine coupling. Zero-field $μ^+$SR provides clear evidence for a transition between two distinct magnetically-ordered phases at 39 K.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures
A generalised sigmoid population growth model with energy dependence: application to quantify the tipping point for Antarctic shallow seabed algae
Creators: name: Mills, Elise
name: Clark, Graeme F.
name: Simpson, Matthew J.
name: Baird, Mark
name: Adams, Matthew P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Sigmoid growth models are often used to study population dynamics. The size of a population at equilibrium commonly depends explicitly on the availability of resources, such as an energy or nutrient source, which is not explicit in standard sigmoid growth models. A simple generalised extension of sigmoid growth models is introduced that can explicitly account for this resource-dependence, demonstrated by three examples of this family of models of increasing mathematical complexity. Each model is calibrated and compared to observed data for algae under sea-ice in Antarctic coastal waters. It was found that through careful construction, models satisfying the proposed framework can estimate key properties of a sea-ice break-out controlled tipping point for the algae, which cannot be estimated using standard sigmoid growth models. The proposed broader family of energy-dependent sigmoid growth models likely has usage in many population growth contexts where resources limit population size.
A Semi-Lagrangian Approach for Time and Energy Path Planning Optimization in Static Flow Fields
Creators: name: Campos, Víctor C. da S.
name: Neto, Armando A.
name: Macharet, Douglas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Efficient path planning for autonomous mobile robots is a critical problem across numerous domains, where optimizing both time and energy consumption is paramount. This paper introduces a novel methodology that considers the dynamic influence of an environmental flow field and considers geometric constraints, including obstacles and forbidden zones, enriching the complexity of the planning problem. We formulate it as a multi-objective optimal control problem, propose a novel transformation called Harmonic Transformation, and apply a semi-Lagrangian scheme to solve it. The set of Pareto efficient solutions is obtained considering two distinct approaches: a deterministic method and an evolutionary-based one, both of which are designed to make use of the proposed Harmonic Transformation. Through an extensive analysis of these approaches, we demonstrate their efficacy in finding optimized paths.
description: 50 pages, accepted manuscript; Preprint submitted to Journal of the Franklin Institute (accepted manuscript)
title: New Zealand Community Fault Model - version 1.0
Creators: name: Seebeck, Hannu
name: Van Dissen, Russ J.
name: Litchfield, Nicola J.
name: Barnes, P. M.
name: Nicol, Andy
name: Langridge, Rob M.
name: Barrell, David J. A.
name: Villamor, Pilar
name: Ellis, Susan M.
name: Rattenbury, Mark S.
Publisher: name: GNS Science
Year: 2022

description: Fault models developed by the scientific community aim to provide a consistent and broadly agreed-upon representation of faults in a region for such societally important endeavours as seismic hazard assessment (e.g. national seismic hazard models), strong ground-motion predictions and physics-based fault systems modelling. The New Zealand Community Fault Model (NZ CFM) is a two- and three-dimensional representation of fault zones associated with the New Zealand plate boundary for which Quaternary activity has been established (or deemed probable) and are, in the main, considered capable of producing moderate- to large-magnitude earthquakes. The NZ CFM builds on the Active Fault Model of New Zealand (Litchfield et al. 2013, 2014), updates that model through science community engagement and input and extends the updated faults from the surface to seismogenic depths. A nominal compilation scale of 1:500,000–1:1,000,000 was chosen to provide representative surface fault traces consistent with finer scale representations, such as the New Zealand Active Faults Database. Faults in the model are defined based on criteria that include surface geology, seismicity, seismic reflection profiles, bores and geologic cross-sections. The first edition of the NZ CFM (v1.0) is populated from 36.0 to 49.8° S and from 163.5° E to 179.0° W and comprises two principal datasets. The first dataset is a two-dimensional (2D) map representation of active (or potentially active) fault zone traces. This 2D fault zone representation contains information on the geometric and kinematic attributes of each fault zone or fault zone segment as expressed on the ground surface. Generalised estimates of geometric (dip and dip direction), kinematic (sense of movement, rake and net slip rate) and slip rate timeframe parameters have been provided for most fault zones, along with assigned uncertainties. In addition, a ‘Quality Code’ provides an indication of the quantity and type of data available for each fault zone, weighted toward the quality of the slip-rate data. The second dataset is a three-dimensional (3D) triangulated mesh surface representation of the fault zones in the model. However, there are some important differences between the 2D and 3D fault zone models; in particular, major fault zone intersections and subduction plate interfaces. NZ CFM v1.0 is publicly available from the GNS website. The NZ CFM v1.0 data package includes ArcGIS and QGIS projects and shapefiles of the 2D fault zone model, a MOVE project and triangulated surfaces for the 3D fault zone model, tabulated fault zone parameters and documentation. (The authors)