cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 13 of Different definitions of feeding intolerance and their associations with outcomes of critically ill adults receiving enteral nutrition: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Li, Jianbo
name: Wang, Lijie
name: Zhang, Huan
name: Zou, Tongjuan
name: Kang, Yan
name: He, Wei
name: Xu, Yuan
name: Yin, Wanhong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 13. Fig S6: Subgroup analyses for all-cause mortality and all-cause ICU mortality, as well as the length of ICU stay according to characteristic levels of the study patients regardless of the kinds of FI definitions.
Identification of M-RAS/RAS-2 expression patterns in Caenorhabditis elegans and characterization of M-RAS/RAS-2-null worms
Creators: name: Gunaretnam, Erandika Prasadani
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: M-Ras is a member of the Ras superfamily of small-molecular weight-GTP binding proteins. It is a close relative of the oncoprotein p21Ras and shares 50% overall amino acid sequence identity. ras-2 is the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of the human M-Ras. It shows strong conservation of structure in worms and vertebrates. In mammals, endogenous M-Ras acts downstream of the EGF and FGF receptors to activate ERK (MAPK) signaling. The M-Ras is predominantly expressed in the mammalian central nervous system and the heart. Many human cancers including breast and colonic cancers exhibit dramatic elevations of M-Ras mRNA. Receptor tyrosine kinase /RasGTPase/ERK signaling pathway is evolutionary conserved. In C. elegans this highly conserved signaling pathway controls many biological processes including vulval induction. C. elegans is a good model system to understand the role of M-Ras in RTK/Ras/ERK pathway. To understand the expression patterns of RAS-2 in C. elegans, I generated a transgenic C. elegans that expresses GFP driven by the endogenous ras-2 promoter. To investigate the effect of over expressed or activated RAS-2, I also generated transgenic lines over expressing WT or activated RAS-2. I observed that RAS-2 is expressed in various tissues and organs of C. elegans including amphid sensory apparatus, proximal myoepithelial sheaths, spermatheca and in developing gonads. Based on the ras-2 expression patterns, I chose and performed appropriate behavioral assays to characterize ras-2 null worms. The phenotypic characterization and behavioral observations on ras-2 null worms revealed several phenotypes including smaller body size and faster locomotion. Furthermore, based on the behavioral assays, I found that ras-2 mutants have a normal ability to sense inputs and reproduce. To investigate the importance of RAS-2 in pathological signaling of activated LET-23 (EGFR) or activated LET-60 (p21Ras) which cause multivulval phenotype in C. elegans, I examined the different vulval phenotypes in crosses between ras-2 null worms and let-23 or let-60 activated mutants. This revealed that ras-2 null background do not suppresses multivulval phenotype caused by activated let-23 or let-60. However, the activated let-60 exhibits a higher frequency of protruding vulva in the absence of ras-2.
Universal three-body physics at finite energy near Feshbach resonances
Creators: name: Wang, Yujun
name: Esry, B. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find that universal three-body physics extends beyond the threshold regime to non-zero energies. For ultracold atomic gases with a negative two-body $s$-wave scattering length near a Feshbach resonance, we show the resonant peaks characteristic of Efimov physics persist in three-body recombination to higher collision energies. For this and other inelastic processes, we use the adiabatic hyperspherical representation to derive universal analytical expressions for their dependence on the scattering length, the collision energy, and --- for narrow resonances --- the effective range. These expressions are supported by full numerical solutions of the Schrödinger equation and display log-periodic dependence on energy characteristic of Efimov physics. This dependence is robust and might be used to experimentally observe several Efimov features.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Detecting Volcanism on Extrasolar Planets
Creators: name: Kaltenegger, L.
name: Henning, W. G.
name: Sasselov, D. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search for extrasolar rocky planets has already found the first transiting rocky super-Earth, Corot 7b, with a surface temperature that allows for magma oceans. Here we ask if we could distinguish rocky planets with recent major volcanism by remote observation. We develop a model for volcanic eruptions on an Earth-like exoplanet based on the present day Earth, derive the observable features in emergent and transmission spectra for multiple scenarios of gas distribution and cloudcover. We calculate the observation time needed to detect explosive volcanism on exoplanets in primary as well as secondary eclipse and discuss the likelihood of observing volcanism on transiting Earth to super-Earth sized exoplanets. We find that sulfur dioxide from large explosive eruptions does present a spectral signal that is remotely detectable especially for secondary eclipse measurements around the closest stars using ground based telescopes, and report the frequency and magnitude of the expected signatures. Transit probability of planet in the habitable zone decreases with distance to the host star, making small, close by host stars the best targets
description: 20 pages, 5 figures, 6 tables, in press ApJ
Relating field-induced shift in transition temperature to the kinetics of coexisting phases in magnetic shape memory alloys
Creators: name: Banerjee, A.
name: Dash, S.
name: Lakhani, Archana
name: Chaddah, P.
name: Chen, X.
name: Ramanujan, R. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a magnetic shape memory alloy system, we vary composition following phenomenological arguments to tune macroscopic properties. We achieve significantly higher shift in austenite to martensitic phase transition temperature with magnetic field. This enhancement is accompanied by significant broadening of the transition and by field-induced arrest of kinetics, both of which are related to the dynamics of the coexisting phases. This reveals hitherto unknown interrelationship between different length-scales. This may serve as an effective route for comprehensive understanding of similar multicomponent systems which show considerable variation in physical properties by minor change in microscopic parameters.
description: The "Cooling and Heating in Unequal Fields" (CHUF) protocol originated by us is used to prove the existence of glass-like kinetically arrested but long-range structurally and magnetically ordered state and also to identify the ground (low temperature equilibrium) state
Delay and distortion of slow light pulses by excitons in ZnO
Creators: name: Shubina, T. V.
name: Glazov, M. M.
name: Gippius, N. A.
name: Toropov, A. A.
name: Lagarde, D.
name: Disseix, P.
name: Leymarie, J.
name: Gil, B.
name: Pozina, G.
name: Bergman, J. P.
name: Monemar, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 78

description: Light pulses propagating through ZnO undergo distortions caused by both bound and free excitons. Numerous lines of bound excitons dissect the pulse and induce slowing of light around them, to the extend dependent on their nature. Exciton-polariton resonances determine the overall pulse delay and attenuation. The delay time of the higher-energy edge of a strongly curved light stripe approaches 1.6 ns at 3.374 eV with a 0.3 mm propagation length. Modelling the data of cw and time-of-flight spectroscopies has enabled us to determine the excitonic parameters, inherent for bulk ZnO. We reveal the restrictions on these parameters induced by the light attenuation, as well as a discrepancy between the parameters characterizing the surface and internal regions of the crystal.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Evidence Of Protein Collective Motions On The Picosecond Time Scale
Creators: name: He, Yunfen
name: Chen, Jing-Yin
name: Knab, Joseph R.
name: Zheng, Wenjun
name: Markelz, Andrea G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the presence of structural collective motions on a picosecond time scale for the heme protein, cytochrome c, as a function of oxidation and hydration, using terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. The THz response dramatically increases with oxidation, with the largest increase for lowest hydrations and highest frequencies. For both oxidation states the THz response rapidly increases with hydration saturating above ~25% (g H2O/g protein). Quasi-harmonic vibrational modes and dipole-dipole correlation functions are calculated from molecular dynamics trajectories. The collective mode density of states alone reproduces the measured hydration dependence providing strong evidence of the existence of these motions. The large oxidation dependence is reproduced only by the dipole-dipole correlation function, indicating the contrast arises from diffusive motions consistent with structural changes occurring in the vicinity of a buried internal water molecule.
Bayesian Statistics Then and Now
Creators: name: Gelman, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Discussion of "The Future of Indirect Evidence" by Bradley Efron [arXiv:1012.1161]
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-STS308B the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Oxidation of Sulphur pollutants in model and real fuels using hydrodynamic cavitation
Creators: name: Delaney, Peter
name: Sarvothaman, Varaha Prasad
name: Nagarajan, Sanjay
name: Rooney, David
name: Robertson, Peter K.J.
name: RANADE, VIVEK
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: Engineering

description: Hydrodynamic Cavitation (HC) offers an attractive platform for intensifying oxidative desulphurization of fuels. In the first part of this work, we present new results on oxidising single ring thiophene in a model fuel over the extended range of volume fraction of organic phase from 2.5 to 80 v/v %. We also present influence of type and scale of HC device on performance of oxidative desulphurization. Further experiments revealed that oxidising radicals generated in-situ by HC alone were not able to oxidise dual ring thiophenes. External catalyst (formic acid) and oxidising agents (hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) were therefore used with HC. Based on our prior work with acoustic cavitation (AC), the volumetric ratios for H2O2 and formic acid were identified as 0.95 v/v % and 6.25 v/v % respectively. The data of oxidation of dual ring thiophenes with n-dodecane and n-hexane as model fuels and typical transport fuels (diesel, kerosene, and petrol) using these oxidant and catalyst is presented. The observed performance with HC was compared with results obtained from a stirred tank and AC set-up. The presented data indicates that HC is able to intensify oxidation of sulphur species. The presented results provide a sound basis for further developments on HC based oxidative desulphurization processes.
A search for new members of the beta Pic, Tuc-Hor and epsilon Cha moving groups in the RAVE database
Creators: name: Kiss, L. L.
name: Moor, A.
name: Szalai, T.
name: Kovacs, J.
name: Bayliss, D.
name: Gilmore, G. F.
name: Bienayme, O.
name: Binney, J.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: Campbell, R.
name: Freeman, K. C.
name: Fulbright, J. P.
name: Gibson, B. K.
name: Grebel, E. K.
name: Helmi, A.
name: Munari, U.
name: Navarro, J. F.
name: Parker, Q. A.
name: Reid, W.
name: Seabroke, G. M.
name: Siebert, A.
name: Siviero, A.
name: Steinmetz, M.
name: Watson, F. G.
name: Williams, M.
name: Wyse, R. F. G.
name: Zwitter, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the discovery of new members of nearby young moving groups, exploiting the full power of combining the RAVE survey with several stellar age diagnostic methods and follow-up high-resolution optical spectroscopy. The results include the identification of one new and five likely members of the beta Pictoris moving group, ranging from spectral types F9 to M4 with the majority being M dwarfs, one K7 likely member of the epsilon Cha group and two stars in the Tuc-Hor association. Based on the positive identifications we foreshadow a great potential of the RAVE database in progressing toward a full census of young moving groups in the solar neighbourhood.
description: 7 pages, 1 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Structural studies of alpha-amylase inhibition
Creators: name: Williams, Leslie Karen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes has stimulated research aimed at discovering new drugs to treat the condition. Human Pancreatic α-Amylase (HPA) is responsible for cleaving starch into the smaller oligosaccharides that then become the substrates for the intestinal disaccharidases that hydrolyze them into glucose. Inhibition of HPA activity correlates to a reduction in postprandial blood glucose levels. This thesis uses x-ray crystallography to characterize the binding interactions between alpha-amylases and several newly discovered inhibitors that have potential therapeutic value, as well as one compound, voglibose, currently in clinical use. Voglibose is an excellent inhibitor of the intestinal disaccharidases, but a poor inhibitor of α-amylase. The HPA-voglibose complex is the first structure of voglibose with any α-glucosidase, and reveals a surprising binding mode for this inhibitor. Montbretin A is a glycosylated acyl flavonol that inhibits HPA with a Ki of 8 nM. This inhibitor exhibits a unique binding mode that allows it to fill the volume of the active site cleft near the enzyme’s three catalytic carboxylates. Two montbretin A fragments, myricetin and ethyl caffeate, also inhibit HPA with Ki values of 100 μM and 1.3 mM, and the crystal structures of their complexes with HPA were also solved. These two inhibitors impede enzyme activity through opposite mechanisms: myricetin blocks the active site, aided by increased order in an active site loop, and ethyl caffeate increases disorder in four loops that form part of the substrate binding cleft. The HPA-ethyl caffeate complex structure is also the first of HPA bound to a noncompetitive inhibitor. Amystatin is a 44 amino acid peptide that exhibits nanomolar inhibition of HPA. The crystal structure of the porcine pancreatic α-amylase-amystatin complex, reveals that this peptide represents a brand new class of HPA inhibitor.
Counting dependent and independent strings
Creators: name: Zimand, Marius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The paper gives estimations for the sizes of the the following sets: (1) the set of strings that have a given dependency with a fixed string, (2) the set of strings that are pairwise αindependent, (3) the set of strings that are mutually αindependent. The relevant definitions are as follows: C(x) is the Kolmogorov complexity of the string x. A string y has α-dependency with a string x if C(y) - C(y|x) \geq α. A set of strings {x_1, \ldots, x_t} is pairwise α-independent if for all i different from j, C(x_i) - C(x_i | x_j) \leq α. A tuple of strings (x_1, \ldots, x_t) is mutually α-independent if C(x_{π(1)} \ldots x_{π(t)}) \geq C(x_1) + \ldots + C(x_t) - α, for every permutation πof [t].
Additional file 1 of Induction of cellulase production by Sr2+ in Trichoderma reesei via calcium signaling transduction
Creators: name: Li, Ni
name: Zeng, Yi
name: Chen, Yumeng
name: Shen, Yaling
name: Wang, Wei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Effects of Sr2+ on cellulase production in the parental strain QM6a. The pNPCase activity (a), CMCase activity (b) of T. reesei QM6a were measured after culture in MM medium for 2, 3, or 4 days with (or without) 70 mM Sr2+. The final values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of three independent experimental results. Asterisks indicate significant differences compared to the control (p < 0.05, according to Student’s t-test).
Appendices S1 to S4 from Quantifying and estimating ecological network diversity based on incomplete sampling data
Creators: name: Chiu, Chun-Huo
name: Chao, Anne
name: Vogel, Sebastian
name: Kriegel, Peter
name: Thorn, Simon
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Glossary, theoretical background, and supplementary tables/figures
Multi-partite entanglement and quantum phase transition in the one-, two-, and three-dimensional transverse field Ising model
Creators: name: Montakhab, Afshin
name: Asadian, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider the quantum phase transition in the Ising model in the presence of a transverse field in one, two and three dimensions from a multi-partite entanglement point of view. Using \emph{exact} numerical solutions, we are able to study such systems up to 25 qubits. The Meyer-Wallach measure of global entanglement is used to study the critical behavior of this model. The transition we consider is between a symmetric GHZ-like state to a paramagnetic product-state. We find that global entanglement serves as a good indicator of quantum phase transition with interesting scaling behavior. We use finite-size scaling to extract the critical point as well as some critical exponents for the one and two dimensional models. Our results indicate that such multi-partite measure of global entanglement shows universal features regardless of dimension $d$. Our results also provides evidence that multi-partite entanglement is better suited for the study of quantum phase transitions than the much studied bi-partite measures.
description: 7 pages, 8 Figures. To appear in Physical Review A
Graphene allotropes: stability, structural and electronic properties from DF-TB calculations
Creators: name: Enyashin, A. N.
name: Ivanovskii, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the density-functional-based tight-binding method we performed a systematic comparative study of stability, structural and electronic properties for 12 various types of graphene allotropes, which are likely candidates for engineering of novel graphene-like materials.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Integrative approaches to environmental life cycle assessment of consumer electronics and connected media
Creators: name: Teehan, Paul
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: The environmental impacts of information and communication technologies and consumer electronics are challenging to evaluate. Organizations and individuals wishing to reduce the impacts attributable to their usage of these products and systems rely on a limited technical knowledge base that struggles to stay current. Using a life cycle assessment approach which expresses environmental impacts quantitatively in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and primary energy demand, this dissertation significantly expands our understanding of the impacts of desktop computers, electronics products in general, and connected media services accessed in the home, in order to support environmentally-conscious decision-making and policy regarding these products and systems. The first of three studies, a meta-analysis of prior life cycle assessments of desktop PCs, resolves an important ambiguity in this literature and demonstrates that greenhouse gas emissions due to operational energy consumption usually exceed those due to device manufacturing. The second study calculates embodied greenhouse gas emissions of eleven electronics products through a teardown analysis, and finds a linear relationship between mass and embodied emissions, thus demonstrating that lightweight, compact products offer environmental benefits relative to larger products. A comparison to studies of older products also reveals that newer products are more materially efficient, largely due to reduction in integrated circuit content per product. Finally, the third study calculates aggregate US consumer greenhouse gas emissions due to broadcast television, video on demand, online video, other online uses, and offline uses when consumed using televisions, personal computers, tablets, and smartphones, including emissions due to devices in the home, networks, and datacenters. The study concludes that emissions due to video end-uses account for 75% of total consumer ICT emissions. About 71% of consumer ICT emissions arise due to devices in the home, especially TVs and desktop PCs, with the remainder due to networks and datacenters. Mobile platforms using Wi-Fi connections are the least impactful mode of consuming connected media content. Collectively, the dissertation argues for a more integrated approach towards impact estimation, in order to surmount issues regarding variation of modeling assumptions across existing studies, longevity of published work, and coverage of emerging products and services.
Evidence for a Truncated Accretion Disc in the Low Luminosity Seyfert Galaxy, NGC 7213?
Creators: name: Lobban, A. P.
name: Reeves, J. N.
name: Porquet, D.
name: Braito, V.
name: Markowitz, A.
name: Miller, L.
name: Turner, T. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the broad-band 0.6-150 keV Suzaku and Swift BAT spectra of the low luminosity Seyfert galaxy, NGC 7213. The time-averaged continuum emission is well fitted by a single powerlaw of photon index Gamma = 1.75 and from consideration of the Fermi flux limit we constrain the high energy cutoff to be 350 keV < E < 25 MeV. Line emission from both near-neutral iron K_alpha at 6.39 keV and highly ionised iron, from Fe_(xxv) and Fe_(xxvi), is strongly detected in the Suzaku spectrum, further confirming the results of previous observations with Chandra and XMM-Newton. We find the centroid energies for the Fe_(xxv) and Fe_(xxvi) emission to be 6.60 keV and 6.95 keV respectively, with the latter appearing to be resolved in the Suzaku spectrum. We show that the Fe_(xxv) and Fe_(xxvi) emission can result from a highly photo-ionised plasma of column density N_(H) ~ 3 x 10^(23) cm^(-2). A Compton reflection component, e.g., originating from an optically-thick accretion disc or a Compton-thick torus, appears either very weak or absent in this AGN, subtending < 1 sr to the X-ray source, consistent with previous findings. Indeed the absence of either neutral or ionised Compton reflection coupled with the lack of any relativistic Fe K signatures in the spectrum suggests that an inner, optically-thick accretion disc is absent in this source. Instead, the accretion disc could be truncated with the inner regions perhaps replaced by a Compton-thin Radiatively Inefficient Accretion Flow. Thus, the Fe_(xxv) and Fe_(xxvi) emission could both originate in ionised material perhaps at the transition region between the hot, inner flow and the cold, truncated accretion disc on the order of 10^(3) - 10^(4) gravitational radii from the black hole. The origin for the unresolved neutral Fe K_alpha emission is then likely to be further out, perhaps originating in the optical BLR or a Compton-thin pc-scale torus.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication by MNRAS
U(1) Invariant F(R) Horava-Lifshitz Gravity
Creators: name: Kluson, Josef
name: Nojiri, Shin'ichi
name: Odintsov, Sergei D.
name: Saez-Gomez, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is devoted to the study of various aspects of projectable F(R) Horava-Lifshitz (HL) gravity. We show that some versions of F(R) HL gravity may have stable de Sitter solution and instable flat space solution. In this case, the problem of scalar graviton does not appear because flat space is not vacuum state. Generalizing the U(1) HL theory proposed in arXiv:1007.2410, we formulate U(1) extension of scalar theory and of F(R) Horava-Lifshitz gravity. The Hamiltonian approach for such the theory is developed in full detail. It is demonstrated that its Hamiltonian structure is the same as for the non-relativistic covariant HL gravity. The spectrum analysis performed around flat background indicates towards the consistency of the theory because it contains graviton with only transverse polarization. Finally, we analyze the spatially-flat FRW equations for U(1) invariant F(R) Horava-Lifshitz gravity.
description: 26 pages, several mysprints corrected
Chewed torcs from Snettisham?
Creators: name: Machling, Tess
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: A friend (thank you David!) today reminded me of something I’ve been intending to write about for quite a long time, but never quite got round to. As it’s Christmas and everyone is in need of light entertainment, I thought it might be time.

The long and the short of it is that, for three pieces of torc from Snettisham, it looks like an Iron Age person gave them a bit of a chew! Yes, really! But approaching this subject is not easy. It’s a bit of a toothy topic that really needs drilling into, so I’ll stop filling time and get on with it… [stop groaning at the back!].
Improved linear programming decoding of LDPC codes and bounds on the minimum and fractional distance
Creators: name: Burshtein, David
name: Goldenberg, Idan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We examine LDPC codes decoded using linear programming (LP). Four contributions to the LP framework are presented. First, a new method of tightening the LP relaxation, and thus improving the LP decoder, is proposed. Second, we present an algorithm which calculates a lower bound on the minimum distance of a specific code. This algorithm exhibits complexity which scales quadratically with the block length. Third, we propose a method to obtain a tight lower bound on the fractional distance, also with quadratic complexity, and thus less than previously-existing methods. Finally, we show how the fundamental LP polytope for generalized LDPC codes and nonbinary LDPC codes can be obtained.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGIES ON MOBILE DEVICES FOR PEOPLE WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS
Creators: name: AHMETOVIC, DRAGAN
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2015

description: Spatial understanding and cognitive mapping are challenging tasks for people with visual impairments. The goal of this work is to leverage computer vision and spatial understanding techniques along with audio-haptic proprioceptive interaction paradigms for assisting people with visual impairments in spatial comprehension and memorization. Abstract space exploration in the field of assistive didactics is tackled through tactile exploration and audio feedback resulting in two solutions. The first one focuses on math learning in primary education while the second one focuses on function graph tactile exploration and sonification. In the field of spatial comprehension during way-finding for people with visual impairments, computer vision and spatial reasoning techniques are used for detecting visual cues such as zebra pedestrian crossings and for safely guiding the user with respect to the detected elements. Suitable interaction paradigms based on sonification and haptic feedback are designed to assist the user efficiently and quickly during the navigation.
CHARACTERIZATION OF FIBROUS FRACTIONS FROM WINE INDUSTRY BY-PRODUCTS AND THEIR USE IN BAKED GOODS
Creators: name: BONO, VERONICA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2014

description: The consumption of natural bioactive compounds, such as dietary fibre and polyphenols, offers health benefits including protection against cardiovascular disease, cancer and other degenerative diseases. Indeed, a relevant challenge for food innovation is the development of foods with optimal dietary fiber and antioxidant contents. One of the recent directions in the cereal sector is the use of flours deriving from other cereals or non grain plants (vegetables and oily seeds) in the baking industry, in order to produce composite flours. In this context, the potential use of wine-industry by-products (mainly grape-skins and seeds) as a source of dietary fibre and polyphenols in breadmaking, has been investigated in this research. In particular, two grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties were considered: Barbera (red wine) and Chardonnay (white wine). The recovery processes of grape skins and seeds were designed to maximize the fibre content while preserving the antioxidant substances. Correlations between the composition of wine industry by- products and their NIR-MIR spectral data, together with the creation of predictive quality model, have been established, and the ability of these models in terms of ?sample classification? was tested. These wine-industry by-products were then adopted at high integration levels (10-30% w/w), for the production of baked goods, such as bread (both by straight-dough and sourdough process) and biscuits. Baked goods, in fact, represent an interesting model system for studying the rheological, macro- and micro-structural effects of fiber fortification on a food matrix, and they are also characterized by a worldwide consumption. They could be therefore a potential vehicle for important amounts of fiber and antioxidants. Positive and encouraging results were obtained from the use of grape-skin powders in breadmaking and biscuit production, highlighting their potential use for the production of innovative and nutritionally convincing baked goods.
A Semi-classical calculus of correlations
Creators: name: De Verdière, Yves Colin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The method of passive imaging in seismology has been developped recently in order to image the earth crust from recordings of the seismic noise. This method is founded on the computation of correlations of the seismic noise. In this paper, we give an explicit formula for this correlation in the "semi-classical" regime. In order to do that, we define the power spectrum of a random field as the ensemble average of its Wigner measure, this allows phase-space computations: the pseudo-differential calculus and the ray theory. This way, we get a formula for the correlation of the seismic noise in the semi-classcial regime with a source noise which can be localized and non homogeneous. After that, we show how the use of surface guided waves allows to image the earth crust.
description: To appear in a special issue "Imaging and Monitoring with Seismic Noise" of the series "Comptes Rendus G\'eosciences", from the French "Acad\'emie des sciences"
The exoticness and realisability of twisted Haagerup-Izumi modular data
Creators: name: Evans, David E.
name: Gannon, Terry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 46L37, 17B69, 81T40

description: The quantum double of the Haagerup subfactor, the first irreducible finite depth subfactor with index above 4, is the most obvious candidate for exotic modular data. We show that its modular data DHg fits into a family $D^ωHg_{2n+1}$, where $n\ge 0$ and $ω\in \bbZ_{2n+1}$. We show $D^0 Hg_{2n+1}$ is related to the subfactors Izumi hypothetically associates to the cyclic groups $Z_{2n+1}$. Their modular data comes equipped with canonical and dual canonical modular invariants; we compute the corresponding alpha-inductions etc. In addition, we show there are (respectively) 1, 2, 0 subfactors of Izumi type $Z_7$, $Z_9$ and $Z_3^2$, and find numerical evidence for 2, 1, 1, 1, 2 subfactors of Izumi type $Z_{11},Z_{13},Z_{15},Z_{17},Z_{19}$ (previously, Izumi had shown uniqueness for $Z_3$ and $Z_5$), and we identify their modular data. We explain how DHg (more generally $D^ωHg_{2n+1}$) is a graft of the quantum double DSym(3) (resp. the twisted double $D^ωD_{2n+1}$) by affine so(13) (resp. so(4n^2+4n+5)) at level 2. We discuss the vertex operator algebra (or conformal field theory) realisation of the modular data $D^ωHg_{2n+1}$. For example we show there are exactly 2 possible character vectors (giving graded dimensions of all modules) for the Haagerup VOA at central charge c=8. It seems unlikely that any of this twisted Haagerup-Izumi modular data can be regarded as exotic, in any reasonable sense.
description: 52 pages, 4 figures
Messor arenarius subsp. diabolus Santschi 1938
Creators: name: Sharaf, Mostafa R.
name: Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S.
name: Mohamed, Amr A.
name: Fisher, Brian L.
name: Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Messor
Messor arenarius
Messor arenarius diabolus santschi, 1938

description: Messor arenarius diabolus Santschi, 1938 Messor arenarius diabolus Santschi, 1938: 35, fig. 5 (w.) Egypt. Palearctic.  Diagnosis. Worker. Uniform black with blackbrown mandibles, funiculus and tarsi brown-red; posterior margin of head strongly deeply concave in full-face view; body pilosity profuse, especially on the gaster.  Previous records. Doha, 02.v.1983, 5 w; Abu Samrah, 03.iv.1984, 20 w; Al Shahaniyah, 20.iii.1985, 7w, (Abdo and Shaumer 1985).  Geographic distribution. This subspecies was originally described from Egypt and seems to be endemic to the country.  Remarks. This record was mentioned in Abdo and Shaumer (1985) under the name Camponotus arenarius var. diabolus. Since there is no species of this name under the genus Camponotus, it is most likely referring to Messor arenarius diabolus. This subspecies, however, is only known from the type locality and has not been collected from any country in the Arabian Peninsula, therefore, we consider the record of Abdo and Shaumer (1985) is dubious and represents a misidentified taxon.
description: Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S., Mohamed, Amr A., Fisher, Brian L. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2020, A Preliminary Synopsis of the Ant Fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Qatar with Remarks on the Zoogeography, pp. 533-560 in Annales Zoologici 70 (4) on page 546, DOI: 10.3161/00034541anz2020.70.4.005, http://zenodo.org/record/4433537
description: {"references": ["Santschi, F. 1938 (\" 1937 \"). Quelques nouvelles fourmis d'Egypte. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique d'Egypte, 21: 28 - 44."]}
Place name vocabularies - examples and observations
Creators: name: Birtles, Susan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: vocabularies
semantics

description: As a multi-disciplinary field of study and a practice that produces data used across numerous disciplines, toponomy and place naming offer an interesting case study for vocabulary development and reuse.

 This presentation will introduce some classifications and vocabularies relevant to place names, and share observations on their development and potential as FAIR vocabularies.
 It will then explore experiences and ideas on the benefits and challenges of growing vocabulary usage.
Kinematics and acoustics of foraging behaviour by a specialist predator, the northern resident killer whale (Orcinus orca)
Creators: name: Wright, Brianna Margaret
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: Foragers with narrow dietary niches often exhibit specialized hunting behaviours that improve their efficiency for capturing preferred prey, but can leave them vulnerable if the abundance of this prey declines. I examined the specificity of foraging behaviour by a highly selective predator, the northern resident killer whale (Orcinus orca), which specializes on Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Northern residents are undoubtedly well adapted to capture Chinook, however, their hunting tactics have never been described due to the challenges of quantifying underwater behaviour. To address this research gap, I deployed archival tags (DTAGs) on 32 killer whales to measure their acoustic and kinematic behaviour during foraging dives. Reconstructed 3-dimensional tag tracks indicated that foraging and non-foraging dives were kinematically distinct. While engaged in hunting behaviour, whales dove deeper, remained submerged longer, swam faster, increased their dive path tortuosity, and rolled their bodies more than during other activities. Maximum foraging dive depths reflected both the deeper vertical distribution of Chinook (compared to other salmonids), as well as the tendency of these fish to evade predation by diving steeply. Inferences from whale movements further revealed that salmon engaged in other anti-predation strategies, including increasing swim speeds and evasive manoeuvring. DTAG records also provided the first definitive link between echolocation and prey captures by resident killer whales, who displayed significantly higher clicking rates and spent proportionally more time echolocating prior to capturing a fish than they did afterward. Rapid ‘buzz’ click sequences were often produced before fish captures, which is consistent with their hypothesized function of close-range prey targeting. Furthermore, prey handling ‘crunches’ were usually detected following kills and, with buzzes, provide possible acoustic proxies for capture attempts and successes that could be used to estimate foraging efficiency. My thesis determined that northern resident killer whales possess specialized foraging behaviours for targeting Chinook salmon. The specificity of these behaviours may make the whales less effective at capturing other types of fish. If northern residents have limited flexibility to modify their foraging behaviour to successfully exploit other prey types when Chinook availability is reduced, prey capture efficiency (and thus per capita energy intake) could decline.
Enhanced Evanescent Field Spectroscopy at Waveguide Surfaces using High Index Nano and Near-Nano Layers
Creators: name: Canning, John
name: Padden, Whayne
name: Boskovic, Danijel
name: Naqshbandi, Masood
name: Costanzo, Lorenzo
name: de Bruyn, Hank
name: Sum, Tze H.
name: Crossley, Maxwell J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and demonstrate, through simulation and experiment, how the interaction of an optical field within a waveguide designed for chemical sensing and, more generally, evanescent field spectroscopy can be enhanced substantially by strategic deposition of high index surface layers. These layers draw out the optical field in the vicinity of probing and take advantage of field localisation through optical impedance matching. Localisation of the evanescent field to the inner layer in turn is accompanied by whispering gallery modes within the channels of a structured cylindrical waveguide, further enhancing sensitivity. A novel demonstration based on self-assembled layers made up of TiO2 within a structured optical fibre is demonstrated, using a simple porphyrin as the spectroscopic probe. This technique offers optimisation of the limitations imposed on practical waveguide sensors that are highly sensitive but nearly always at the expense of low loss. The principles have potential ramifications for nanophotonics more generally and these are discussed.
Clonal heterogeneity of normal and transformed mammary stem cells
Creators: name: Nguyen, Long Viet
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: The normal mammary gland contains “stem cells” with extensive in vivo growth and bi-lineage differentiation potential and a surface phenotype of basal cells (BCs). BCs also contain cells with more limited growth and differentiation activity in vitro. An analogous luminal-restricted progenitor (LPs) subset has surface characteristics of both basal and luminal cells. I hypothesized that the growth and differentiation activity displayed by individual mammary epithelial cells from both subsets would be highly diverse, and that the properties of tumours produced from these cells would be affected by their cell of origin. To address this hypothesis, I first developed a lentiviral-mediated barcoding strategy that involves transducing each cell with a unique 27-base pair non-coding DNA sequence so that the number of its clonal progeny can be inferred from high-throughput sequencing data obtained on the progeny of bulk-transduced populations. The use of “spiked-in” control cells carrying a known barcode provided an internal calibration for clone size calculations and allowed clones of ≥100 cells to be reliably detected. Application of this strategy to normal mouse and human mammary cells identified expected bi-lineage clones but an unanticipated predominance of lineage-restricted clones produced in primary transplants. These experiments also revealed that many clones apparent in secondary hosts were not detected in the primary hosts, indicating their origin from cells with very delayed growth activity. Application of the barcoding strategy to normal human BCs and LPs transduced with lentiviruses encoding KRASG¹²D ± PI3KCAH¹⁰⁴⁷R ± TP53R²⁷³C showed tumour formation in subsequently transplanted immunodeficient mice was rapid (within 8 weeks) and efficient from both cell types (8-12/18 donors, 1/200-1/4,000 transduced cells). However, tumours generated from LPs contained larger clones than tumours generated from BCs. Surprisingly, none of the LP-derived tumours were ERα⁺ (typical of luminal-like breast cancers) whereas 60% of the BC-derived tumours were. Earlier analysis of xenografts of similarly transduced cells revealed changes in both the number and phenotype of the cells present. Taken together, these findings underscore the diverse regenerative activity of normal mammary cells and provide definitive evidence that the cell of origin can affect the properties of human breast tumours generated using identical oncogenes.
Saturation of Coulomb sum rules in the 6^Li case
Creators: name: Buki, A. Yu.
name: Timchenko, I. S.
name: Shevchenko, N. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Coulomb sums S_L(q) of the 6^Li nucleus have been obtained from electron scattering measurements at 3-momentum transfers q = 1.125 - 1.625 fm^{-1}. It is found that at q > 1.35 fm^{-1} the Coulomb sum of the nucleus becomes saturated: S_L(q) = 1.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Approximate Lesion Localization in Dermoscopy Images
Creators: name: Celebi, M. Emre
name: Iyatomi, Hitoshi
name: Schaefer, Gerald
name: Stoecker, William V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.6

description: Background: Dermoscopy is one of the major imaging modalities used in the diagnosis of melanoma and other pigmented skin lesions. Due to the difficulty and subjectivity of human interpretation, automated analysis of dermoscopy images has become an important research area. Border detection is often the first step in this analysis. Methods: In this article, we present an approximate lesion localization method that serves as a preprocessing step for detecting borders in dermoscopy images. In this method, first the black frame around the image is removed using an iterative algorithm. The approximate location of the lesion is then determined using an ensemble of thresholding algorithms. Results: The method is tested on a set of 428 dermoscopy images. The localization error is quantified by a metric that uses dermatologist determined borders as the ground truth. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the method presented here achieves both fast and accurate localization of lesions in dermoscopy images.
title: ENERGIEWENDE TRIFFT BESTAND, RETROFIT für die Zukunft der Gründerzeitgebäude, in Wien und Österreich. Ein Beitrag zur Bewältigung des Klimawandels mit nachhaltigen Maßnahmen, bauphysikalischem Nachweis, rechtlichen Grundlagen, förderrechtlichen Bedingungen und Perspektiven.
Creators: name: Strobl, Brigitte
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Energiewende
subject: Gründerzeitgebäude
subject: Klimawandel Wien
subject: Maßnahmen
subject: rechtliche Grundlagen
subject: Förderungen
subject: bauphysiklischer Nachweis

description: In Wien sind 29,1% der Hauptwohnsitzwohnungen in der Bauperiode vor 1919 erbaut worden. Hier ist der historische Gebäudebestand verglichen mit dem anderer österreichischer Städte am größten. Gründerzeitgebäude in Wien prägen das Stadtbild, sind von kultureller Bedeutung und identitätsstiftend für ihre Bewohner. Die historische Stadt ist auch ein wiederentdecktes Baustofflager und eingebunden in die Kreislaufwirtschaft, die als Ressource stärker in den Vordergrund getreten ist. Die Herausforderungen des Klimawandels und seine Auswirkungen auf die Stadt und ihre Gründerzeitgebäude stellen uns vor komplexe Aufgaben. Es liegt an uns, den Gebäudebestand „RETROFIT für die Zukunft“ zu machen. Meine Masterarbeit „Energiewende trifft Bestand“ setzt sich mit Maßnahmen für einen nachhaltigen Umstieg auf erneuerbare Energien auseinander und findet Lösungen, die Energieeffizienz der Gründerzeitgebäude in Wien zu steigern. Die Komplexität des Themas fächert sich auf in Daten und Fakten zum Klimawandel, Ziele der THGReduktion, rechtliche Grundlagen, förderrechtlichen Maßnahmen, Energieeffizienz-Nachweis bei Basismaßnahmen und den kreativen Ausblick auf Einzel- und Gemeinschaftsinitiativen.