cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Natural Language Web Interface for Database (NLWIDB)
Creators: name: Alexander, Rukshan
name: Rukshan, Prashanthi
name: Mahesan, Sinnathamby
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is a long term desire of the computer users to minimize the communication gap between the computer and a human. On the other hand, almost all ICT applications store information in to databases and retrieve from them. Retrieving information from the database requires knowledge of technical languages such as Structured Query Language. However majority of the computer users who interact with the databases do not have a technical background and are intimidated by the idea of using languages such as SQL. For above reasons, a Natural Language Web Interface for Database (NLWIDB) has been developed. The NLWIDB allows the user to query the database in a language more like English, through a convenient interface over the Internet.
description: 8 pages,5 figures, 12 tables, Proceedings of the Third International Symposium, SEUSL: 6-7 July 2013, Oluvil, Sri Lanka
Multiple gas phases in supernova remnant IC 443: mapping shocked H$_2$ with VLT/KMOS
Creators: name: Deng, Yunwei
name: Zhang, Zhi-Yu
name: Zhou, Ping
name: Wang, Junzhi
name: Fang, Min
name: Lin, Lingrui
name: Bian, Fuyan
name: Chen, Zhiwei
name: Shi, Yong
name: Chen, Guoyin
name: Li, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supernovae and their remnants provide energetic feedback to the ambient interstellar medium (ISM), which is often distributed in multiple gas phases. Among them, warm molecular hydrogen (H$_2$) often dominates the cooling of the shocked molecular ISM, which has been observed with the H$_2$ emission lines at near-infrared wavelengths. Such studies, however, were either limited in narrow filter imaging or sparsely sampled mid-infrared spectroscopic observations with relatively poor angular resolutions. Here we present near-infrared ($H$- and $K$-band) spectroscopic mosaic observations towards the A, B, C, and G regions of the supernova remnant (SNR) IC 443, with the K-band Multi-Object Spectrograph (KMOS) onboard the Very Large Telescope (VLT). We detected 20 ro-vibrational transitions of H$_2$, one H line (Br$γ$), and two [Fe II] lines, which dominate broadband images at both $H$- and $K$-band. The spatial distribution of H$_2$ lines at all regions are clumpy on scales from $\sim 0.1$ pc down to $\sim 0.008$ pc. The fitted excitation temperature of H$_2$ is between 1500 K and 2500 K, indicating warm shocked gas in these regions. The multi-gas-phase comparison shows stratified shock structures in all regions, which explains the co-existence of multiple types of shocks in the same regions. Last, we verify the candidates of young stellar objects previously identified in these regions with our spectroscopic data, and find none of them are associated with young stars. This sets challenges to the previously proposed scenario of triggered star formation by SNR shocks in IC~443.
description: 21 pages, 17 figures. Accepted by MNRAS
Normal-to-anomalous diffusion transition in disordered correlated potentials: from the central limit theorem to stable laws
Creators: name: Salgado-Garcia, R.
name: Maldonado, Cesar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the diffusion of an ensemble of overdamped particles sliding over a tilted random poten- tial (produced by the interaction of a particle with a random polymer) with long-range correlations. We found that the diffusion properties of such a system are closely related to the correlation function of the corresponding potential. We model the substrate as a symbolic trajectory of a shift space which enables us to obtain a general formula for the diffusion coefficient when normal diffusion occurs. The total time that the particle takes to travel through n monomers can be seen as an ergodic sum to which we can apply the central limit theorem. The latter can be implemented if the correlations decay fast enough in order for the central limit theorem to be valid. On the other hand, we presume that when the central limit theorem breaks down the system give rise to anomalous diffusion. We give two examples exhibiting a transition from normal to anomalous diffusion due to this mechanism. We also give analytical expressions for the diffusion exponents in both cases by assuming convergence to a stable law. Finally we test our predictions by means of numerical simulations.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Efficient prediction of turbulent flow quantities using a Bayesian hierarchical multifidelity model
Creators: name: Rezaeiravesh, Saleh
name: Mukha, Timofey
name: Schlatter, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2
subject: 76-10, 68Uxx

description: High-fidelity scale-resolving simulations of turbulent flows quickly become prohibitively expensive, especially at high Reynolds numbers. As a remedy, we may use multifidelity models (MFM) to construct predictive models for flow quantities of interest (QoIs), with the purpose of uncertainty quantification, data fusion and optimization. For numerical simulation of turbulence, there is a hierarchy of methodologies ranked by accuracy and cost, which include several numerical/modeling parameters that control the predictive accuracy and robustness of the resulting outputs. Compatible with these specifications, the present hierarchical MFM strategy allows for simultaneous calibration of the fidelity-specific parameters in a Bayesian framework as developed by Goh et al. 2013. The purpose of the multifidelity model is to provide an improved prediction by combining lower and higher fidelity data in an optimal way for any number of fidelity levels; even providing confidence intervals for the resulting QoI. The capabilities of our multifidelity model are first demonstrated on an illustrative toy problem, and it is then applied to three realistic cases relevant to engineering turbulent flows. The latter include the prediction of friction at different Reynolds numbers in turbulent channel flow, the prediction of aerodynamic coefficients for a range of angles of attack of a standard airfoil, and the uncertainty propagation and sensitivity analysis of the separation bubble in the turbulent flow over periodic hills subject to the geometrical uncertainties. In all cases, based on only a few high-fidelity data samples (typically direct numerical simulations, DNS), the multifidelity model leads to accurate predictions of the QoIs accompanied with an estimate of confidence. The result of the UQ and sensitivity analyses are also found to be accurate compared to the ground truth in each case.
description: 22 pages
Insights into the subsurface structure of the Caloris basin, Mercury, from assessments of mechanical layering and changes in long-wavelength topography
Creators: name: Klimczak, Christian
name: Ernst, Carolyn M.
name: Byrne, Paul K.
name: Solomon, Sean C.
name: Watters, Thomas R.
name: Murchie, Scott L.
name: Preusker, Frank
name: Balcerski, Jeffrey A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Impact craters
Grabens (Geology)
Topographical surveying
Astrogeology
Plate tectonics
Planetology

description: The volcanic plains that fill the Caloris basin, the largest recognized impact basin on Mercury, are deformed by many graben and wrinkle ridges, among which the multitude of radial graben of Pantheon Fossae allow us to resolve variations in the depth extent of associated faulting. Displacement profiles and displacement-to-length scaling both indicate that faults near the basin center are confined to a ~ 4-km-thick mechanical layer, whereas faults far from the center penetrate more deeply. The fault scaling also indicates that the graben formed in mechanically strong material, which we identify with dry basalt-like plains. These plains were also affected by changes in long-wavelength topography, including undulations with wavelengths of up to 1300 km and amplitudes of 2.5 to 3 km. Geographic correlation of the depth extent of faulting with topographic variations allows a first-order interpretation of the subsurface structure and mechanical stratigraphy in the basin. Further, crosscutting and superposition relationships among plains, faults, craters, and topography indicate that development of long-wavelength topographic variations followed plains emplacement, faulting, and much of the cratering within the Caloris basin. As several examples of these topographic undulations are also found outside the basin, our results on the scale, structural style, and relative timing of the topographic changes have regional applicability and may be the surface expression of global-scale interior processes on Mercury.
title: Nine Theses on Autonomy: Making Sense of a Controversial Doctrine
Creators: name: Cannizzaro, Enzo
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: autonomy
subject: political sovereignty
subject: legal sovereignty
subject: legal order
subject: offene Staatllichkeit
subject: values of the EU

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(3), 1317-1331
description: I. Introduction. – II. Autonomy in the early theories of sovereignty. – III. A historical hypothesis: autonomy as an institutional tool. – IV. The triumph of autonomy. – V. A change of paradigm: absolute autonomy v offene Staatlichkeit. – VI. Reverse autonomy. – VII. Autonomy of the EU vis-à-vis its Member States. –VIII. Autonomy vis-à-vis international law. – IX. Autonomy v Völkerrechtsfreundlichkeit. – X. The political dimension of autonomy.
description: The notion of autonomy sinks its roots in the dynamics between political sovereignty and legal sovereignty. Although autonomy, namely normative sovereignty, was perceived by the early theorists as an inseparable prerogative of the sovereign, its conceptual development took far more time than the notion of political sovereignty. Autonomy emerged at a later time in-keeping with the conception of a legal order, conceived of as a close system of rules proceeding from a fundamental rule conferring normativity to the whole system. In the process of the European integration, the notion of autonomy followed an inverse trajectory. Whereas the EU does not possess the prerogatives of political sovereignty, it developed into a normative entity independent vis-à-vis the legal orders of its Member States. But the transplant of this notion of absolute autonomy in the realm of international law could deeply affect the capacity of the EU to implement its international values enshrined in its Constitutional setting.
The re3data service and the re3data COREF project
Creators: name: Elger, Kirsten
name: Weisweiler, Nina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: re3data, research data repositories, registry, COREF, metadata, schema, open science, open research data, registry, DataCite

description: The presentation gives an overview of the re3data service and the COREF project, elaborating on the history and background of the service and the project and their partners. Furthermore, the registration process for repositories, the generation of metadata in re3data and the search functions of the portal are explained. Finally, several use cases are presented and an outlook on further development within the COREF project is given.
description: Presentation from 09 april 2021 in Helmholtz Metadata Collaboration (HMC) internal seminar series
Polytope Expansion of Lie Characters and Applications
Creators: name: Walton, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 22E46, 52B20, 22E70

description: The weight systems of finite-dimensional representations of complex, simple Lie algebras exhibit patterns beyond Weyl-group symmetry. These patterns occur because weight systems can be decomposed into lattice polytopes in a natural way. Since lattice polytopes are relatively simple, this decomposition is useful, in addition to being more economical than the decomposition into single weights. An expansion of characters into polytope sums follows from the polytope decomposition of weight systems. We study this polytope expansion here. A new, general formula is given for the polytope sums involved. The combinatorics of the polytope expansion are analyzed; we point out that they are reduced from those of the Weyl character formula (described by the Kostant partition function) in an optimal way. We also show that the weight multiplicities can be found easily from the polytope multiplicities, indicating explicitly the equivalence of the two descriptions. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of the polytope expansion by showing how polytope multiplicities can be used in the calculation of tensor product decompositions, and subalgebra branching rules.
description: 16 pages incl. 3 figures, to appear in J. Math. Phys
Accretion from Winds of Red Giant Branch Stars May Reveal the Supermassive Black Hole in Leo I
Creators: name: Pacucci, Fabio
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A supermassive black hole (SMBH) of $\sim 3\times 10^6 \, \rm M_\odot$ was recently detected via dynamical measurements at the center of the dwarf galaxy Leo I. Standing $\sim 2$ orders of magnitude above standard scaling relations, this SMBH is hosted by a galaxy devoid of gas and with no significant star formation in the last $\sim 1$ Gyr. This detection can profoundly impact the formation models for black holes and their hosts. We propose that winds from a population of $\sim 100$ evolved stars within the Bondi radius of the SMBH produce a sizable accretion rate, with Eddington ratios between $9\times10^{-8}$ and $9\times10^{-7}$, depending on the value of the stellar mass loss. These rates are typical of SMBHs accreting in advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) mode. The predicted spectrum peaks in the microwaves at $\sim 0.1-1$ THz ($300-3000 \, \mathrm{μm}$) and exhibits significant variations at higher energies depending on the accretion rate. We predict a radio flux of $\sim 0.1$ mJy at $6$ GHz, mildly dependent on the accretion properties. Deep imaging with Chandra, VLA, and ALMA can confirm the presence of this SMBH and constrain its accretion flow.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 6 pages, 2 figures
Chemically Aware Unitary Coupled Cluster with ab initio Calculations on System Model H1: A Refrigerant Chemicals Application
Creators: name: Khan, I. T.
name: Tudorovskaya, M.
name: Kirsopp, J. J. M.
name: Ramo, D. Muñoz
name: Warrier, P. W.
name: Papanastasiou, D. K.
name: Singh, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Circuit depth reduction is of critical importance for quantum chemistry simulations on current and near term quantum computers. This issue is tackled by introducing a chemically aware strategy for the Unitary Coupled Cluster ansatz. The objective is to use the chemical description of a system to aid in the synthesis of a quantum circuit. We combine this approach with two flavours of Symmetry Verification for the reduction of experimental noise. These method enable the use of System Model H1 for a 6-qubit QSE (Quantum Subspace Expansion). We present (i) calculations to obtain CH4 optical spectra; (ii) an atmospheric gas reaction simulation involving $[$CH$^{\cdot}_3$--H--OH$^{\cdot}]^{\ddagger}$. Using our chemically aware UCC state-preparation strategy in tandem with state of the art symmetry verification methods, we improve device yield for CH4 at 6-qubits. This is demonstrated by a 90% improvement in two-qubit gate count and reduction in relative error to 0.2% for electronic energy calculated on System Model H1.
Workload of a collision avoidance system for remotely piloted aircraft
Creators: name: ALFREDSON, Jens
name: HAGSTRÖM, Petra
name: SUNDQVIST, Bengt-Göran
name: PELLEBERGS, Johan
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: Active air traffic controllers and remotely piloted aircraft pilots were studied in a real time simulation providing results on actual and desired behaviour of the studied concept of a mid-air collision avoidance system in an air traffic control environment. The workload for the studied system seems to be acceptable at this state, and no major concerns regarding workload were found during the simulations. However, areas where the studied concept may be improved were identified concerning for instance suggested manoeuvre. A general conclusion from the simulations was that it is important that the D&A-system is correctly designed in regard to sensitivity.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 efficiently binds to human fetal astrocytes and induces neuroinflammatory responses independent of infection
Creators: name: Li, Jinliang
name: Bentsman, Galina
name: Potash, Mary Jane
name: Volsky, David Julian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Green fluorescent protein
subject: HIV infections--Pathogenesis
subject: Nervous system--Diseases
subject: Astrocytes
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Epidemiology

description: Background: HIV-1 infects human astrocytes in vitro and in vivo but the frequency of infected cells is low and its biological significance is unknown. In studies in vitro, recombinant gp120 alone can induce profound effects on astrocyte biology, suggesting that HIV-1 interaction with astrocytes and its functional consequences extend beyond the limited levels of infection in these cells. Here we determined the relative efficiencies of HIV-1 binding and infection in human fetal astrocytes (HFA), mainly at the single cell level, using HIV-1 tagged with green fluorescence protein (GFP)-Vpr fusion proteins, termed HIV-GFP, to detect virus binding and HIV-1 expressing Rev and NefGFP fusion proteins to detect productive infection. Results: Essentially all HFA in a population bound HIV-GFP specifically and independently of CCR5 and CXCR4. The dynamics of this binding at 37°C resembled binding of an HIV fusion mutant to CD4-positive cells, indicating that most of HIV-GFP arrested infection of HFA at the stage of virus-cell fusion. Despite extensive binding, only about 1% of HFA were detectably infected by HIV-RevGFP or HIV-NefGFP, but this proportion increased to the majority of HFA when the viruses were pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoprotein G, confirming that HFA impose a restriction upon HIV-1 entry. Exposure of HFA to HIV-1 through its native proteins rapidly induced synthesis of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 with increased mRNA detected within 3 h and increased protein detected within 18 h of exposure. Conclusion: Our results indicate that HIV-1 binding to human astrocytes, although extensive, is not generally followed by virus entry and replication. Astrocytes respond to HIV-1 binding by rapidly increased cytokine production suggesting a role of this virus-brain cell interaction in HIV-1 neuropathogenesis.
GSoC_data
Creators: name: Tan, Xin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 80602 Computer-Human Interaction
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This repository contains the Supplementary Material of our paper: Understanding Mentors' Engagement in OSS Communities via Google Summer of Code. The survey data, including the questionnaire and respondents. The codes of online data. To open the coding schema files, you need MAXQDA. Different versions of taxonomy. Instrument of ratification of the ethics committee. Top 50 paper list. Transcription of the interviews
Comparison of two human factors approaches in an integrated evaluation/validation of a future emergency operating organization
Creators: name: DE LA GARZA, Cecilia
name: PESME, Hélène
name: LE BOT, Pierre
name: LABARTHE, Jean-Paul
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: This paper focuses on a Human Factors evaluation campaign that had associated Ergonomics and Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) for the evaluation of a future control room. This campaign was conducted within the framework of a broad design project and was performed in a full scale simulator with 3 futures operating teams.
The aims and methods of both, ergonomics and HRA, are compared and their particularities and complementariness in the different stages of a HF evaluation campaign (preparation, data collection, analysis, conclusions and recommendations) are discussed. The results highlight their contribution to safety and risk analysis.
Exact analytic expressions of real tensor eigenvalue distributions of Gaussian tensor model for small $N$
Creators: name: Sasakura, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain exact analytic expressions of real tensor eigenvalue/vector distributions of real symmetric order-three tensors with Gaussian distributions for $N\leq 8$. This is achieved by explicitly computing the partition function of a zero-dimensional boson-fermion system with four-interactions. The distributions are expressed by combinations of polynomial, exponential and error functions as results of feasible complicated bosonic integrals which appear after fermionic integrations. By extrapolating the expressions and also using a previous result, we guess a large-$N$ expression. The expressions are compared with Monte Carlo simulations, and precise and good agreement are obtained with the exact and the large-$N$ expressions, respectively. Understanding the feasibility of the integration is left for future study, which would provide a general-$N$ analytic formula.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures; references added, some explanations added, typo corrected
Impact of eucalyptus biochar application on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and some soil chemical properties of upland rice under pot condition
Creators: name: Theint Thida  And Wanwipa Kaewpradit
Publisher: name: Faculty of Agriculture
Year: 2020
Subjects: NH4+, NO3-, root performance, soil organic matter

description: Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 48, 6, 1458-1469
Long-Baseline Interferometric Multiplicity Survey of the Sco-Cen OB Association
Creators: name: Rizzuto, A. C.
name: Ireland, M. J.
name: Robertson, J. G.
name: Kok, Y.
name: Tuthill, P. G.
name: Warrington, B. A.
name: Haubois, X.
name: Tango, W. J.
name: Norris, B.
name: Brummelaar, T. ten
name: Kraus, A. L.
name: Jacob, A.
name: Laliberte-Houdeville, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first multiplicity-dedicated long baseline optical interferometric survey of the Scorpius-Centaurus-Lupus-Crux association. We used the Sydney University Stellar Interferometer to undertake a survey for new companions to 58 Sco-Cen B- type stars and have detected 24 companions at separations ranging from 7-130mas, 14 of which are new detections. Furthermore, we use a Bayesian analysis and all available information in the literature to determine the multiplicity distribution of the 58 stars in our sample, showing that the companion frequency is F = 1.35 and the mass ratio distribution is best described as a power law with exponent equal to -0.46, agreeing with previous Sco-Cen high mass work and differing significantly from lower-mass stars in Tau-Aur. Based on our analysis, we estimate that among young B-type stars in moving groups, up to 23% are apparently single stars. This has strong implications for the understanding of high-mass star formation, which requires angular momentum dispersal through some mechanism such as formation of multiple systems.
description: 7 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Adresse an Eine Hohe National-Versammlung in Frankfurt a. M. von 7600 Bürgern der Stadt Aachen und der Umgegend. Hohe National-Versammlung! Die Einheit Deutschlands - das ist die große Losung des Tages ...; [1848]
title: Aachen, den 10. Juni 1848
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Kopftitel
Plasma levels of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and early mortality risk among patients enrolling for antiretroviral treatment in South Africa
Creators: name: Lawn, Stephen
name: Myer, Landon
name: Bangani, Nonzwakazi
name: Vogt, Monica
name: Wood, Robin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: HIV infections--Epidemiology
Antiretroviral agents
HIV infections--Complications
Plasminogen activators
Epidemiology

description: Background: Serum concentrations of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) have a strong independent association with HIV-1-related mortality. The practical utility of plasma suPAR in assessing short-term all-cause mortality risk was evaluated in patients with advanced immunodeficiency enrolling in an antiretroviral treatment (ART) programme in South Africa. Methods: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure plasma concentrations of suPAR in patients at the time of enrolment to the ART programme. The association between plasma suPAR concentrations, baseline patient characteristics and cohort outcomes after 4 months of ART were determined. Results: Patients (n = 293, 70% female) had a median age of 33 years and were followed up for a median of 5 months from enrolment. The median CD4 cell count was 47 cells/μl (IQR = 22–72) and 38% of patients had WHO stage 4 disease. 218 (74%) patients remained alive after 4 months of ART; 39 (13%) died and 36 (12%) were lost to the programme for other reasons. Patients who died had significantly higher plasma suPAR concentrations compared to those who either survived (P < 0.01) or left the programme for other reasons (P < 0.043). In multivariate analysis, higher log10 suPAR concentrations were significantly associated with lower CD4 cell counts, WHO clinical stage 4 disease and male sex. In multivariate analysis to identify factors associated with death, log10 suPAR concentration was the most strongly associated variable (P < 0.001). However, examination of sensitivity and specificity characteristics using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that results from this assay did not have a discriminatory cut-point to provide clinically useful information. Conclusion: Plasma suPAR concentration was the strongest independent predictor of short-term mortality risk among patients with advanced immunodeficiency enrolling in this ART programme. However, lack of a discriminatory threshold did not permit this marker to be used to triage patients according to short-term mortality risk.
Process simulation: NdFeB permanent magnet production
Creators: name: Belo Fernandes, Ivan
name: Abadias Llamas, Alejandro
name: Reuter, Markus
Publisher: name: Rodare
Year: 2020
Subjects: NdFeB magnet production
resource efficiency
exergetic life cycle assessment
process simulation
geometallurgy
large systems design

description: This file contains an HSC model for NdFeB permanent magnet production, from ore processing to magnet production and two possible recycling routes. Data to build the model is found in key literature studies and from internal project data obtained by the various partners in four work packages (rare earth oxide separation, reduction and purification, alloy design, and powder magnet production). The model was used to perform a resource efficiency, including exergy, and environmental impact (LCA) evaluation of the life cycle of a NdFeB permanent magnet produced from primary and secondary resources. This work has been submitted to JOM, in its special edition “Thermodynamic modeling of sustainable non-ferrous metals production” and has been accepted for publication with a digital object identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04185-6. Detailed information about the literature sources used for developing the model can be found in the original research paper. The model was built using HSC Chemistry version 9.9 (https://www.outotec.com/products-and-services/technologies/digital-solutions/hsc-chemistry/).
description: Funding agency: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). Grant number / name: REGINA - Rare Earth Global Industry and New Applications - project (funding number 033R185B), promoted within the Framework Program FONA - Forschung für nachhaltige Entwicklung, under the funding priority CLIENT II - International Partnerships for Sustainable Innovation. Related publication: Fernandes, I.B., Abadías Llamas, A. & Reuter, M.A. Simulation-Based Exergetic Analysis of NdFeB Permanent Magnet Production to Understand Large Systems. JOM 72, 2754–2769 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04185-6
The optimal displacement of immiscible two-phase fluids in a pore doublet
Creators: name: Shan, Fang
name: Chai, Zhenhua
name: Shi, Baochang
name: Zhao, Meng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The displacement of multiphase fluid flow in a pore doublet is a fundamental problem, and is also of importance in understanding of the transport mechanisms of multiphase flows in the porous media. During the displacement of immiscible two-phase fluids in the pore doublet, the transport process is not only influenced by the capillary and viscous forces, but also affected by the channel geometry. In this paper, we first present a mathematical model to describe the two-phase fluid displacement in the pore doublet where the effects of capillary force, viscous force and the geometric structure are included. Then we derive an analytical solution of the model for the first time, and find that the displacement process is dominated by the capillary number, the viscosity ratio and the radius ratio. Furthermore, we define the optimal displacement that the wetting fluids in two daughter channels break through the branches simultaneously (both of them have the same breakthrough time), and also obtain the critical capillary number corresponding to the optimal displacement, which is related to the radius ratio of two daughter channels and viscosity ratio of two immiscible fluids. Finally, it is worthy noting that the present analytical results on the displacement in the pore doublet can be used to explain and understand the phenomenon of preferential imbibition or preferential flow in porous media.
Temporal-Spatial Interference Pattern During Solitons Interaction
Creators: name: Zhao, Li-Chen
name: Ling, Liming
name: Yang, Zhan-Ying
name: Liu, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interference patterns associated with soliton-soliton interaction are investigated in detail. We find that the temporal and spatial interference patterns exhibit quite different characteristics. The period of the spatial interference pattern is determined by the relative velocity of the solitons, and the temporal pattern behavior is determined by the peak amplitudes and the kinetic energy of the solitons. Analytical expressions for the periods of the interference patterns are obtained. A method for classifying the nonlinearity of many nonlinear systems is proposed. As an example, we discuss possibilities to observe these properties of solitons in a nonlinear planar waveguide.
description: 5pages, 4 figures
Orbital liquid in the $e_g$ orbital Hubbard model in $d=\infty$ dimensions
Creators: name: Feiner, Louis Felix
name: Oleś, Andrzej M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the three-dimensional $e_g$ orbital Hubbard model can be generalized to arbitrary dimension $d$, and that the form of the result is determined uniquely by the requirements that (i) the two-fold degeneracy of the $e_g$ orbital be retained, and (ii) the cubic lattice be turned into a hypercubic lattice. While the local Coulomb interaction $U$ is invariant for each basis of orthogonal orbitals, the form of the kinetic energy depends on the orbital basis and takes the most symmetric form for the so-called complex-orbital basis. Characteristically, with respect to this basis, the model has two hopping channels, one that is orbital-flavor conserving, and a second one that is orbital-flavor non-conserving. We show that the noninteracting electronic structure consists of two nondegenerate bands of plane-wave real-orbital single-particle states for which the orbital depends on the wave vector. Due to the latter feature each band is unpolarized at any filling, and has a non-Gaussian density of states at $d=\infty$. The \textit{orbital liquid} state is obtained by filling these two bands up to the same Fermi energy. We investigate the $e_g$ orbital Hubbard model in the limit $d\to\infty$, treating the on-site Coulomb interaction $U$ within the Gutzwiller approximation, thus determining the correlation energy of the orbital liquid and the (disordered) para-orbital states. (...) We show that the orbital liquid is the ground state everywhere in the $(n,U)$ phase diagram except close to half-filling at sufficiently large $U$, where ferro-orbital order with real orbitals occupied is favored. The latter feature is shown to be specific for $d=\infty$, being of mathematical nature due to the exponential tails in the density of states.
description: 24 pages, 12 figures; accepted for publication in Physical Review Research
Optimal Step Length EM Algorithm (OSLEM) for the estimation of haplotype frequency and its application in lipoprotein lipase genotyping
Creators: name: Zhang, Peisen
name: Sheng, Huitao
name: Morabia, Alfredo
name: Gilliam, T. Conrad
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Expectation-maximization algorithms
subject: Lipoprotein lipase
subject: Genetic markers
subject: Linkage (Genetics)--Computer programs
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background: Haplotype based linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping has become a powerful and cost-effective method for performing genetic association studies, particularly in the search for genetic markers in linkage disequilibrium with complex disease loci. Various methods (e.g. Monte-Carlo (Gibbs sampling); EM (expectation maximization); and Clark's method) have been used to estimate haplotype frequencies from routine genotyping data. Results: These algorithms can be very slow for large number of SNPs. In order to speed them up, we have developed a new algorithm using numerical analysis technology, a so-called optimal step length EM (OSLEM) that accelerates the calculation. By optimizing approximately the step length of the EM algorithm, OSLEM can run at about twice the speed of EM. This algorithm has been used for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) genotyping analysis. Conclusions: This new optimal step length EM (OSLEM) algorithm can accelerate the calculation for haplotype frequency estimation for genotyping data without pedigree information. An OSLEM on-line server is available, as well as a free downloadable version.
Synchronizing the dynamics of a single NV spin qubit on a parametrically coupled radio-frequency field through microwave dressing
Creators: name: Rohr, Sven
name: Dupont-Ferrier, Eva
name: Pigeau, Benjamin
name: Verlot, Pierre
name: Jacques, Vincent
name: Arcizet, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A hybrid spin-oscillator system in parametric interaction is experimentally emulated using a single NV spin qubit immersed in a radio frequency (RF) field and probed with a quasi resonant microwave (MW) field. We report on the MW mediated locking of the NV spin dynamics onto the RF field, appearing when the MW driven Rabi precession frequency approaches the RF frequency and for sufficiently large RF amplitudes. These signatures are analog to a phononic Mollow triplet in the MW rotating frame for the parametric interaction and promise to have impact in spin-dependent force detection strategies.
Form factors of $η_c$ in light front quark model
Creators: name: Geng, Chao-Qiang
name: Lih, Chong-Chung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the form factors of the $η_c$ meson in the light-front quark model. We explicitly show that the transition form factor of $η_c \to γ^* γ$ as a function of the momentum transfer is consistent with the experimental data by the BaBar collaboration, while the decay constant of $η_c$ is found to be $f_{η_{c}}=230.5^{+52.2}_{-61.0}$ and $303.6^{+115.2}_{-116.4}$ MeV for $η_c\sim c\bar{c}$ by using two $η_c \to γγ$ decay widths of $5.3\pm 0.5$ and $7.2\pm2.1$ keV, given by Particle Data Group and Lattice QCD calculation, respectively.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in EPJC
Gumbel laws in the symmetric exclusion process
Creators: name: Conroy, Michael
name: Sethuraman, Sunder
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K35, 60F05

description: We consider the symmetric exclusion particle system on $\mathbb{Z}$ starting from an infinite particle step configuration in which there are no particles to the right of a maximal one. We show that the scaled position $X_t/(σb_t) - a_t$ of the right-most particle at time $t$ converges to a Gumbel limit law, where $b_t = \sqrt{t/\log t}$, $a_t = \log(t/(\sqrt{2π}\log t))$, and $σ$ is the standard deviation of the random walk jump probabilities. This work solves a problem left open in Arratia (1983). Moreover, to investigate the influence of the mass of particles behind the leading one, we consider initial profiles consisting of a block of $L$ particles, where $L \to \infty$ as $t \to \infty$. Gumbel limit laws, under appropriate scaling, are obtained for $X_t$ when $L$ diverges in $t$. In particular, there is a transition when $L$ is of order $b_t$, above which the displacement of $X_t$ is similar to that under a infinite particle step profile, and below which it is of order $\sqrt{t\log L}$. Proofs are based on recently developed negative dependence properties of the symmetric exclusion system. Remarks are also made on the behavior of the right-most particle starting from a step profile in asymmetric nearest-neighbor exclusion, which complement known results.
description: 36 Pages; updated intro, fixed minor typos, added references
Where Have All the Goldstone Bosons Gone?
Creators: name: Guralnik, G. S.
name: Hagen, C. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to a commonly held view of spontaneously broken symmetry in gauge theories, troublesome Nambu-Goldstone bosons are effectively eliminated by turning into longitudinal modes of a massive vector meson. This note shows that this is not in fact a consistent view of the role of Nambu-Goldstone bosons in such theories. These particles necessarily appear as gauge excitations whenever they are formulated in a manifestly covariant gauge. The radiation gauge provides therefore the dual advantage of circumventing the Goldstone theorem and making evident the disappearance of these particles from the physical spectrum.
description: 4 pages; typo corrected
Intriguing Properties of Compression on Multilingual Models
Creators: name: Ogueji, Kelechi
name: Ahia, Orevaoghene
name: Onilude, Gbemileke
name: Gehrmann, Sebastian
name: Hooker, Sara
name: Kreutzer, Julia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multilingual models are often particularly dependent on scaling to generalize to a growing number of languages. Compression techniques are widely relied upon to reconcile the growth in model size with real world resource constraints, but compression can have a disparate effect on model performance for low-resource languages. It is thus crucial to understand the trade-offs between scale, multilingualism, and compression. In this work, we propose an experimental framework to characterize the impact of sparsifying multilingual pre-trained language models during fine-tuning. Applying this framework to mBERT named entity recognition models across 40 languages, we find that compression confers several intriguing and previously unknown generalization properties. In contrast to prior findings, we find that compression may improve model robustness over dense models. We additionally observe that under certain sparsification regimes compression may aid, rather than disproportionately impact the performance of low-resource languages.
description: Accepted to EMNLP 2022
Theta functions and symmetric weight enumerators for codes over imaginary quadratic fields
Creators: name: Shaska, Tony
name: Shor, Caleb
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11T71, 11F27

description: In this paper we continue the study of codes over imaginary quadratic fields and their weight enumerators and theta functions. We present new examples of non-equivalent codes over rings of characteristic $p=2$ and $p=5$ which have the same theta functions. We also look at a generalization of codes over imaginary quadratic fields, providing examples of non-equivalent pairs with the same theta function for $p=3$ and $p=5$.
SVM-Fold: a tool for discriminative multi-class protein fold and superfamily recognition
Creators: name: Melvin, Iain
name: Ie, Eugene
name: Kuang, Rui
name: Weston, Jason
name: Noble, William
name: Leslie, Christina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Proteins--Structure
subject: Protein folding
subject: Computational biology
subject: Proteomics
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background: Predicting a protein's structural class from its amino acid sequence is a fundamental problem in computational biology. Much recent work has focused on developing new representations for protein sequences, called string kernels, for use with support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. However, while some of these approaches exhibit state-of-the-art performance at the binary protein classification problem, i.e. discriminating between a particular protein class and all other classes, few of these studies have addressed the real problem of multi-class superfamily or fold recognition. Moreover, there are only limited software tools and systems for SVM-based protein classification available to the bioinformatics community. Results: We present a new multi-class SVM-based protein fold and superfamily recognition system and web server called SVM-Fold, which can be found at http://svm-fold.c2b2.columbia.edu. Our system uses an efficient implementation of a state-of-the-art string kernel for sequence profiles, called the profile kernel, where the underlying feature representation is a histogram of inexact matching k-mer frequencies. We also employ a novel machine learning approach to solve the difficult multi-class problem of classifying a sequence of amino acids into one of many known protein structural classes. Binary one-vs-the-rest SVM classifiers that are trained to recognize individual structural classes yield prediction scores that are not comparable, so that standard "one-vs-all" classification fails to perform well. Moreover, SVMs for classes at different levels of the protein structural hierarchy may make useful predictions, but one-vs-all does not try to combine these multiple predictions. To deal with these problems, our method learns relative weights between one-vs-the-rest classifiers and encodes information about the protein structural hierarchy for multi-class prediction. In large-scale benchmark results based on the SCOP database, our code weighting approach significantly improves on the standard one-vs-all method for both the superfamily and fold prediction in the remote homology setting and on the fold recognition problem. Moreover, our code weight learning algorithm strongly outperforms nearest-neighbor methods based on PSI-BLAST in terms of prediction accuracy on every structure classification problem we consider. Conclusion: By combining state-of-the-art SVM kernel methods with a novel multi-class algorithm, the SVM-Fold system delivers efficient and accurate protein fold and superfamily recognition.