cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF JOINT PRODUCT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ON E.COLI 0157:H7 AND FEEDLOT PROFITS
Creators: name: Perry, William R.
name: Marsh, Thomas L.
name: Jones, Rodney D.
name: Sanderson, M.W.
name: Sargeant, J.M.
name: Griffin, D.D.
name: Smith, R.A.
name: Perry, William R.
name: Marsh, Thomas L.
name: Jones, Rodney D.
name: Sanderson, M.W.
name: Sargeant, J.M.
name: Griffin, D.D.
name: Smith, R.A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 on feedlot profits. Fecal samples from 711 feedlot pens in 73 feedlots in Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas were tested for E. coli 0157:H7. Average daily gain and feed-to-gain ratios were computed for each feedlot pen, and managers from each feedlot provided information on various feedlot management practices. Cattle performance and E. coli 0157:H7 prevalence are both affected by feedlot management practices. The indirect effect of E. coli 0157:H7 on potential feedlot profits was determined by measuring the effects of management practices on E. coli 0157:H7 levels and cattle performance. Management practices that affect cattle performance were identified using ordinary least squares regressions. A negative binomial regression was used to identify management practices that affect E. coli 0157:H7 prevalence. Certain feedlot management practices were identified that have a joint impact on cattle performance and E. coli 0157:H7 prevalence. Using predatory insects to control flies, controlling for stray dogs, foxes, and coyotes in feed areas, removing manure from pens during finishing, and including tallow in the ration were management strategies associated with higher feedlot profits and lower E. coli 0157:H7 prevalence. Using mobile sprinklers for dust control and including alfalfa or sorghum hay or silage in the ration were associated with lower E. coli 0157:H7 prevalence and lower feedlot profits. Increasing days between cleaning water tanks and restricting movement of horses were associated with higher feedlot profits and higher E. coli 0157:H7 levels. Controlling for stray cats in feed areas and including liquid protein in the ration were associated with lower feedlot profits and higher E. coli 0157:H7 levels. These specific management strategies, which were not robust through a sensitivity analysis, should be interpreted with caution. The general categories of management strategies, however, were robust and consistent with past research
On the Classification of All Self-Dual Additive Codes over GF(4) of Length up to 12
Creators: name: Danielsen, Lars Eirik
name: Parker, Matthew G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 94B60 (Primary) 05C90 (Secondary)

description: We consider additive codes over GF(4) that are self-dual with respect to the Hermitian trace inner product. Such codes have a well-known interpretation as quantum codes and correspond to isotropic systems. It has also been shown that these codes can be represented as graphs, and that two codes are equivalent if and only if the corresponding graphs are equivalent with respect to local complementation and graph isomorphism. We use these facts to classify all codes of length up to 12, where previously only all codes of length up to 9 were known. We also classify all extremal Type II codes of length 14. Finally, we find that the smallest Type I and Type II codes with trivial automorphism group have length 9 and 12, respectively.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
THE REGIONAL EFFECTS OF WATERLOGGING AND SOIL SALINIZATION ON A RURAL COUNTY IN THE ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN OF COLORADO
Creators: name: Houk, Eric E.
name: Frasier, W. Marshall
name: Schuck, Eric C.
name: Houk, Eric E.
name: Frasier, W. Marshall
name: Schuck, Eric C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: Rural counties along the Arkansas River of Colorado are being negatively affected as a result of irrigation induced waterlogging and soil salinization. Mathematical programming is first used to estimate the direct costs of these effects on agricultural production, then input-output analysis is used to estimate the indirect and induced impacts that are occurring. The average direct loss to agricultural production in Otero County Colorado was estimated to be approximately $68/acre. When the indirect and induced impacts are included, the total costs associated with waterlogging and soil salinization are estimated to increase by approximately 20% within this county.
Magnetoresistive Effects in Ferromagnet-Superconductor Multilayers
Creators: name: Stoudenmire, E. M.
name: de Melo, C. A. R. Sá
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a nanoscale system consisting of Manganite-ferromagnet and Cuprate-superconductor multilayers in a spin valve configuration. The magnetization of the bottom Manganite-ferromagnet is pinned by a Manganite-antiferromagnet. The magnetization of the top Manganite-ferromagnet is coupled to the bottom one via indirect exchange through the superconducting layers. We study the behavior of the critical temperature and the magnetoresistance as a function of an externally applied parallel magnetic field, when the number of Cuprate-superconductor layers are changed. There are two typical behaviors in the case of a few monolayers of the Cuprates: a) For small magnetic fields, the critical temperature and the magnetoresistance change abruptly when the flipping field of the top Manganite-ferromagnet is reached. b) For large magnetic fields, the multilayered system re-enters the zero-resistance (superconducting) state after having become resistive (normal).
description: 3 pages, 3 figures. 2004 Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference
REGIONAL CHANGES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF NET VALUE ADDED IN U.S. AGRICULTURE, 1960-2002
Creators: name: Erickson, Kenneth W.
name: Blank, Steven C.
name: Moss, Charles B.
name: Mishra, Ashok K.
name: Erickson, Kenneth W.
name: Blank, Steven C.
name: Moss, Charles B.
name: Mishra, Ashok K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: This paper examines the effects of structural changes on the distribution of net value added and the difference between net value added and agricultural income over time. We present and discuss the changes in the distribution of net value added (land, labor, capital, and farm operator income) over time. Net value added by U.S. agriculture grew significantly from $18 billion to 1960 to $95 billion in 1996. We examine regional differences in net value added using the Theil entropy measure. The inequality (dispersion) of net value added increased over time. The increased inequality represented both increases in regional dispersion in net value added and increases in the average inequality in net value added in each region. Thus, the net value added is becoming less alike across the U.S. We also examined the inequality in the components of net value added. The greatest dispersion occurred in returns to land followed by returns to capital. Therefore, changes in the dispersion of net value added by agriculture are explained by differences in the payments to non-operator landlords and to capital.
THE IMPACT OF RISK AVERSION, TIME PREFERENCE, AND INTERTEMPORAL SUBSTITUTABILITY ON FARMERS' RISK MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR
Creators: name: Du, Wen
name: Wang, H. Holly
name: Du, Wen
name: Wang, H. Holly
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: This paper applies the generalized expected utility (GEU) approach developed by Epstein and Zin (1989, 1991) to dynamic agricultural risk analysis. We explore the impacts of alternative preference parameters of farmers including of risk aversion, time preference, and intertemporal substitutability on their optimal risk management portfolio selection. Furthermore, we extend the GEU model by introducing a welfare measure, the equivalence variation, and investigate the impacts of U.S. government programs and market institutions on farmers' risk management decisions. We find farmers' optimal hedge ratio is sensitive to changes in the preferences and the effects of these preferences changes are intertwined. The policy impact analysis shows government payment programs has a greater effect on farmers' optimal choice than crop insurance and crop insurance outperforms hedging. Both crop insurance and government payments are influential to farmers' welfare improvement.
HOW MUCH VALUE IS THERE IN A PRODUCER BRANDED BRED HEIFER PROGRAM?
Creators: name: Gerlt, Todd
name: Parcell, Joseph L.
name: Patterson, David J.
name: Randle, Richard
name: Gerlt, Todd
name: Parcell, Joseph L.
name: Patterson, David J.
name: Randle, Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Agricultural producers are pursuing many methods by which to add value. Typically, some type of change in commodity form is used to add value. However, there exist methods by which added value occurs through intensive management practices, particularly in seedstock production. We investigated the brand premium to a producer-owned quality-based bred heifer program. Results indicated that producers garner in access of a $100/head premium, while potentially reducing future search/advertising costs through building brand loyalty.
Magnetic field evolution in solar-type stars
Creators: name: Brandenburg, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss selected aspects regarding the magnetic field evolution of solar-type stars. Most of the stars with activity cycles are in the range where the normalized chromospheric Calcium emission increases linearly with the inverse Rossby number. For Rossby numbers below about a quarter of the solar value, the activity saturates and no cycles have been found. For Rossby numbers above the solar value, again no activity cycles have been found, but now the activity goes up again for a major fraction of the stars. Rapidly rotating stars show nonaxisymmetric large-scale magnetic fields, but there is disagreement between models and observations regarding the actual value of the Rossby number where this happens. We also discuss the prospects of detecting the sign of magnetic helicity using various linear polarization techniques both at the stellar surface using the parity-odd contribution to linear polarization and above the surface using Faraday rotation.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables, proceedings of IAU symposium 354, Solar and Stellar Magnetic Fields: Origins and Manifestations
PREDICTING HOUSEHOLD WATER CONSUMPTION UNDER A BLOCK PRICE STRUCTURE
Creators: name: Cader, Hanas A.
name: Marsh, Thomas L.
name: Peterson, Jeffrey M.
name: Cader, Hanas A.
name: Marsh, Thomas L.
name: Peterson, Jeffrey M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This study focuses on estimating the variations in per-capita water consumption and predicting the shares of consumption by pricing blocks in eight Kansas regions. Previous studies have considered household or micro-level consumption, but few have focused on aggregate level consumption across different regions. A probit model was used to estimate the consumption shares in individual blocks for each region. Per-capita water consumption varies significantly across the regions and as we move from Western to Eastern Kansas, shares of lower consumption block decrease and higher consumption block likely to increase.
Mariametridae A. H. Clark 1909
Creators: name: Mohammednowshad, B.
name: Idreesbabu, K. K.
name: Parameswaran, Usha V.
name: Messing, Charles G.
name: Sureshkumar, S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Crinoidea
Comatulida
Mariametridae

description: Family: MARIAMETRIDAE A.H. Clark, 1909e   Diagnosis.— Centrodorsal with interradial ridges and undivided coelomic impression in each adoral radial area; cirrals fewer than 40 (to 80 in Oxymetra); radial articular facet steep; interarticular fossae large and high; adoral muscle fossae low, curved along the adoral edge and midradial furrow; brachitaxes always of 2 ossicles joined by synarthry; usually fewer than 40 arms (to 51 in Oxymetra) (from Hess & Messing, 2011).
description: Published as part of Mohammednowshad, B., Idreesbabu, K. K., Parameswaran, Usha V., Messing, Charles G. & Sureshkumar, S., 2020, The Shallow-water Crinoid Fauna of Lakshadweep Atolls, North-western Indian Ocean, pp. 247-265 in Zootaxa 4789 (1) on page 257, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3884945
Scattering of Glue by Glue on the Light-cone Worldsheet I: Helicity Non-conserving Amplitudes
Creators: name: Chakrabarti, D.
name: Qiu, J.
name: Thorn, C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give the light-cone gauge calculation of the one-loop on-shell scattering amplitudes for gluon-gluon scattering which violate helicity conservation. We regulate infrared divergences by discretizing the p^+ integrations, omitting the terms with p^+=0. Collinear divergences are absent diagram by diagram for the helicity non-conserving amplitudes. We also employ a novel ultraviolet regulator that is natural for the light-cone worldsheet description of planar Feynman diagrams. We show that these regulators give the known answers for the helicity non-conserving one-loop amplitudes, which don't suffer from the usual infrared vagaries of massless particle scattering. For the maximal helicity violating process we elucidate the physics of the remarkable fact that the loop momentum integrand for the on-shell Green function associated with this process, with a suitable momentum routing of the different contributing topologies, is identically zero. We enumerate the counterterms that must be included to give Lorentz covariant results to this order, and we show that they can be described locally in the light-cone worldsheet formulation of the sum of planar diagrams.
description: 30 pages, 17 figures
Additional file 2 of Exploring young people’s interpretations of female genital mutilation in the UK using a community-based participatory research approach
Creators: name: Ali, Saadye
name: Viggiani, Nick De
name: Abzhaparova, Aida
name: Salmon, Debra
name: Gray, Selena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 2. Interview guide
Scribble-based Domain Adaptation via Co-segmentation
Creators: name: Dorent, Reuben
name: Joutard, Samuel
name: Shapey, Jonathan
name: Bisdas, Sotirios
name: Kitchen, Neil
name: Bradford, Robert
name: Saeed, Shakeel
name: Modat, Marc
name: Ourselin, Sebastien
name: Vercauteren, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Although deep convolutional networks have reached state-of-the-art performance in many medical image segmentation tasks, they have typically demonstrated poor generalisation capability. To be able to generalise from one domain (e.g. one imaging modality) to another, domain adaptation has to be performed. While supervised methods may lead to good performance, they require to fully annotate additional data which may not be an option in practice. In contrast, unsupervised methods don't need additional annotations but are usually unstable and hard to train. In this work, we propose a novel weakly-supervised method. Instead of requiring detailed but time-consuming annotations, scribbles on the target domain are used to perform domain adaptation. This paper introduces a new formulation of domain adaptation based on structured learning and co-segmentation. Our method is easy to train, thanks to the introduction of a regularised loss. The framework is validated on Vestibular Schwannoma segmentation (T1 to T2 scans). Our proposed method outperforms unsupervised approaches and achieves comparable performance to a fully-supervised approach.
description: Accepted at MICCAI 2020
Income and Nutritional Effects of the Commercialization of Agriculture in Southwestern Kenya
Creators: name: Kennedy, Eileen T.
name: Cogill, Bruce
name: Kennedy, Eileen T.
name: Cogill, Bruce
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Agriculture
subject: Economic aspects
subject: Kenya
subject: South Nynaza District
subject: food supply
subject: Sugarcane Industry
subject: Corn Industry
subject: Agricultural wages
subject: Agricultural laborers
subject: Nutrition
subject: Cost and standard of living
subject: Nutrition policy
subject: Diseases

description: The commercialization of Agriculture is the cornerstone on economic development in the most developing countries. Yet relatively little is known about the income and nutritional effects of increasing commercial Agriculture. The present study by Eileen Kennedy and Bruce Cogill is the first in a series of studies conducted by IFPRI in Africa, Asia, and Central America to assess the effects of the commercialization of Agriculture on production, consumption, and nutrition status. In 1983 IFPRI was invited by the government of Kenya to undertake a study of the production and consumption effects of a smallholder sugarcane contracting scheme in Southwestern Kenya. The resulting study is unusual because it uses a random sample of farmers at various stages of sugarcane farming and collected data over two maize-growing seasons. Detailed data are presented on the trade-offs between the major food crop, furthermore, it traces the links between income from sugarcane and the associated food intake, morbidity, and nutritional status of women and children. Incomes of the farmers are increasing significantly as a result of participation in the sugarcane outgrowers’ scheme. However, this increased income does not translate into improvements in child health and nutritional status, at least in the short run. The healthy/ satiation environment is a key determinant of a child’s morbidity and growth. The Agricultural/health linkages need to be considered in anticipating the impact Agricultural development strategies on preschoolers. The report indentifies positive effects of commercial agriculture and ways to enhance these and thus allows policymakers to use these data to fine-tune future schemes of this type.
Angular momentum alignment-to-orientation conversion in the ground state of Rb atoms at room temperature
Creators: name: Mozers, A.
name: Busaite, L.
name: Osite, D.
name: Auzinsh, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated experimentally and theoretically angular momentum alignment-to-orientation conversion created by the joint interaction of laser radiation and an external magnetic field with atomic rubidium at room temperature. In particular we were interested in alignment-to-orientation conversion in atomic ground state. Experimentally the laser frequency was fixed to the hyperfine transitions of $D_1$ line of rubidium. We used a theoretical model for signal simulations that takes into account all neighboring hyperfine levels, the mixing of magnetic sublevels in an external magnetic field, the coherence properties of the exciting laser radiation, and the Doppler effect. The experiments were carried out by exciting the atoms with linearly polarized laser radiation. Two oppositely circularly polarized laser induced fluorescence (LIF) components were detected and afterwards their difference was taken. The combined LIF signals originating from the hyperfine magnetic sublevel transitions of $^{85}$Rb and $^{87}$Rb rubidium isotopes were included. The alignment-to-orientation conversion can be undoubtedly identified in the difference signals for various laser frequencies as well as change in signal shapes can be observed when the laser power density is increased. We studied the formation and the underlying physical processes of the observed signal of the LIF components and their difference by performing the analysis of the influence of incoherent and coherent effects. We performed simulations of theoretical signals that showed the influence of ground-state coherent effects on the LIF difference signal.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
The Stochastic Effect of Ly-alpha absorbers on Broadband Luminosities of Galaxies
Creators: name: Garcia, T. Tepper
name: A, U. Fritze-v.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the variations of broadband luminosities of low and intermediate redshift galaxies due to the stochastic nature of the neutral hydrogen present in form of Ly-alpha absorbers in the intergalactic medium. This effect is caused by variations in the distribution and properties (redshift, column density, Doppler parameter) of the absorbers along different lines-of-sight out to a given redshift. Using a set of observationally constrained redshift-, column density- and Doppler parameter distributions we perform Monte Carlo simulations for a large number of lines-of-sight towards galaxies at a given redshift z and calculate attenuated FUV/NUV magnitudes and corresponding 1-, 2- and 3-sigma variations. We predict significant variations in luminosity ranging from -0.22 to +0.48 magnitudes at the 1-sigma level for galaxies at z=1.5 in GALEX data.
description: 3 pages, to appear in proceedings of IAU 199 conference, "Probing Galaxies through Quasar Absorption Lines," eds. Williams, Shu, Menard
The VIRMOS deep imaging survey IV: Near-infrared observations
Creators: name: Iovino, A.
name: McCracken, H. J.
name: Garilli, B.
name: Foucaud, S.
name: Fevre, O. Le
name: Maccagni, D.
name: Saracco, P.
name: Bardelli, S.
name: Busarello, G.
name: Scodeggio, M.
name: Zanichelli, A.
name: Paioro, L.
name: Bottini, D.
name: Brun, V. Le
name: Picat, J. P.
name: Scaramella, R.
name: Tresse, L.
name: Vettolani, G.
name: Adami, C.
name: Arnaboldi, M.
name: Arnouts, S.
name: Bolzonella, M.
name: Cappi, A.
name: Charlot, S.
name: Ciliegi, P.
name: Contini, T.
name: Franzetti, P.
name: Gavignaud, I.
name: Guzzo, L.
name: Ilbert, O.
name: Marano, B.
name: Marinoni, C.
name: Mazure, A.
name: Meneux, B.
name: Merighi, R.
name: Paltani, S.
name: Pello, R.
name: Pollo, A.
name: Pozzetti, L.
name: Radovich, M.
name: Zamorani, G.
name: Zucca, E.
name: Bertin, E.
name: Bondi, M.
name: Bongiorno, A.
name: Cucciati, O.
name: Gregorini, L.
name: Mathez, G.
name: Mellier, Y.
name: Merluzzi, P.
name: Ripepi, V.
name: Rizzo, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present a new deep, wide-field near-infrared imaging survey. Our J- and K-band observations in four separate fields complement optical BVRI, ultraviolet and spectroscopic observations undertaken as part of the VIMOS-VLT deep survey (VVDS). In total, our survey spans ~400arcmis^2. Our catalogues are reliable in all fields to at least Kvega~20.75 and Jvega~21.50 (defined as the magnitude where object contamination is less than 10% and completeness greater than 90%). Taken together these four fields represents a unique combination of depth, wavelength coverage and area. We describe the complete data reduction process and outline a comprehensive series of tests carried out to characterise the reliability of the final catalogues. We compare the statistical properties of our catalogues with literature compilations. We find that our J- and K-selected galaxy counts are in good agreement with previously published works, as are our (J-K) versus K colour-magnitude diagrams. Stellar number counts extracted from our fields are consistent with a synthetic model of our galaxy. Using the location of the stellar locus in colour-magnitude space and the measured field-to-field variation in galaxy number counts we demonstrate that the absolute accuracy of our photometric calibration is at the 5% level or better. Finally, an investigation of the angular clustering of K- selected extended sources in our survey displays the expected scaling behaviour with limiting magnitude, with amplitudes in each magnitude bin in broad agreement with literature values.
description: 15 pages, 19 figs, Accepted by A&A
Universal survival probability for a correlated random walk and applications to records
Creators: name: Lacroix-A-Chez-Toine, Bertrand
name: Mori, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a model of space-continuous one-dimensional random walk with simple correlation between the steps: the probability that two consecutive steps have same sign is $q$ with $0\leq q\leq 1$. The parameter $q$ allows thus to control the persistence of the random walk. We compute analytically the survival probability of a walk of $n$ steps, showing that it is independent of the jump distribution for any finite $n$. This universality is a consequence of the Sparre-Andersen theorem for random walks with uncorrelated and symmetric steps. We then apply this result to derive the distribution of the step at which the random walk reaches its maximum and the record statistics of the walk, which show the same universality. In particular, we show that the distribution of the number of records for a walk of $n\gg 1$ steps is the same as for a random walk with $n_{\rm eff}(q)=n/(2(1-q))$ uncorrelated and symmetrically distributed steps. We also show that in the regime where $n\to \infty$ and $q\to 1$ with $y=n(1-q)$, this model converges to the run-and-tumble particle, a persistent random walk often used to model the motion of bacteria. Our theoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations.
description: 28 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 1 of Factors associated with different numbers of health behaviors by living arrangements
Creators: name: Namhee Kim
name: Kim, Heejung
name: Sooyoung Kwon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1. Participants’ characteristics related to a single healthy behavior.
Cosmological constraints on f(R) gravity theories within the Palatini approach
Creators: name: Amarzguioui, M.
name: Elgaroy, O.
name: Mota, D. F.
name: Multamaki, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate f(R) theories of gravity within the Palatini approach and show how one can determine the expansion history, H(a), for an arbitrary choice of f(R). As an example, we consider cosmological constraints on such theories arising from the supernova type Ia, large scale structure formation and cosmic microwave background observations. We find that best fit to the data is a non-null leading order correction to the Einstein gravity, but the current data exhibits no significant preference over the concordance LCDM model. Our results show that the often considered 1/R models are not compatible with the data. The results demonstrate that the background expansion alone can act as a good discriminator between modified gravity models when multiple data sets are used.
description: 9 pages (A&A), 7 figures. Minor changes to text plus added some references. Accepted for publication in A&A
Additional file 1 of The genetic variation of different developmental stages of Schistosoma japonicum: do the distribution in snails and pairing preference benefit the transmission?
Creators: name: Gu, Meng-Jie
name: Li, Yan-Wei
name: Emery, Aidan M.
name: Li, Shi-Zhu
name: Jiang, Yong-Zhong
name: Dong, Hui-Fen
name: Zhao, Qin-Ping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The information for nine microsatellite markers used in this study.
Helicity supersymmetry of dyons
Creators: name: Bloore, F.
name: Horvathy, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 'dyon' system of D'Hoker and Vinet consisting of a spin 1/2 particle with anomalous gyromagnetic ratio 4 in the combined field of a Dirac monopole plus a Coulomb plus a suitable $1/r^2$ potential (which arises in the long-range limit of a self-dual monopole) is studied following Biedenharn's approach to the Dirac-Coulomb problem: the explicit solution is obtained using the `Biedenharn-Temple operator', $Γ$, and the extra two-fold degeneracy is explained by the subtle supersymmetry generated by the 'Dyon Helicity' or generalized `Biedenharn-Johnson-Lippmann' operator ${\cal R}$. The new SUSY anticommutes with the chiral SUSY discussed previously.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures
Time Lumps in Nonlocal Stringy Models and Cosmological Applications
Creators: name: Aref'eva, I. Ya.
name: Joukovskaya, L. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study lump solutions in nonlocal toy models and their cosmological applications. These models are motivated by a description of D-brane decay within string field theory framework. In order to find cosmological solutions we use the simplest local approximation keeping only second derivative terms in nonlocal dynamics. We study a validity of this approximation in flat background where time lump solutions can be written explicitly. We work out the validity of this approximation. We show that our models at large time exhibit the phantom behaviour similar to the case of the string kink.
description: Latex, 24 pages, 13 figures, Typos corrected, references added
Determinants of agricultural policies in the United States and the European Community
Creators: name: Petit, Michel
name: Petit, Michel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agriculture and state
subject: United States
subject: European Economic Community countries
subject: Foreign economic relations

description: Agricultural policies pursed by the Unites States and the European Community have had and are likely to continue to have a dramatic impact on international ,markets for Agriculture products. And the stakes of developing countries in these policies are enormous. Thus it is only fitting that an international research institute dealing with food policy should analyze such policies. The International Food Policy Research Institute has published several studies examining aspects of developed-country actions and policies having a powerful influence on food policy environment of developing countries. These have included restrictions on entry to their own markets, the Agricultural export potential of developing countries, and the effects of European Community Policies and policy options on grain supply and prices. But, it is not enough to study the consequences of existing or possible future policies; one must also understand why policies are what they are if one wants to avoid being totally surprised by what they turn out to be in the future. This research by Michel Petit gives Particular attention to this question. It proposes a general conceptual framework based on two hypotheses: first, policies are the outcome of a dynamic process driven by conflicts of economic forces play a critical role in determining the evolution does not obey a purely economic rationality. Three case studies of U.S. and European policies and of the confrontation between the United States and the European Community permit Petit to illustrate and to enrich his conceptual framework. He adopts a research approach that we find very promising.
Gennaro, Lomiento: L'esegesi origeniana del Vangelo di Luca
Creators: name: Gessel, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 52 (1968): Oriens christianus, Band 52
The Multivariate Theory of Functional Connections: Theory, Proofs, and Application in Partial Differential Equations
Creators: name: Leake, Carl
name: Johnston, Hunter
name: Mortari, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35D99, 65N35, 65M70

description: This article presents a reformulation of the Theory of Functional Connections: a general methodology for functional interpolation that can embed a set of user-specified linear constraints. The reformulation presented in this paper exploits the underlying functional structure presented in the seminal paper on the Theory of Functional Connections to ease the derivation of these interpolating functionals--called constrained expressions--and provides rigorous terminology that lends itself to straightforward derivations of mathematical proofs regarding the properties of these constrained expressions. Furthermore, the extension of the technique to and proofs in n-dimensions is immediate through a recursive application of the univariate formulation. In all, the results of this reformulation are compared to prior work to highlight the novelty and mathematical convenience of using this approach. Finally, the methodology presented in this paper is applied to two partial differential equations with different boundary conditions, and, when data is available, the results are compared to state-of-the-art methods.
description: 33 pages, 6 figures, 14 tables
Additional file 1 of Exploring young people’s interpretations of female genital mutilation in the UK using a community-based participatory research approach
Creators: name: Ali, Saadye
name: Viggiani, Nick De
name: Abzhaparova, Aida
name: Salmon, Debra
name: Gray, Selena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1. Focus group guide
Finite N effects on the collapse of fuzzy spheres
Creators: name: McNamara, S.
name: Papageorgakis, C.
name: Ramgoolam, S.
name: Spence, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finite N effects on the time evolution of fuzzy 2-spheres moving in flat spacetime are studied using the non-Abelian DBI action for N D0-branes. Constancy of the speed of light leads to a definition of the physical radius in terms of symmetrised traces of large powers of Lie algebra generators. These traces, which determine the dynamics at finite N, have a surprisingly simple form. The energy function is given by a quotient of a free multi-particle system, where the dynamics of the individual particles are related by a simple scaling of space and time. We show that exotic bounces of the kind seen in the 1/N expansion do not exist at finite N. The dependence of the time of collapse on N is not monotonic. The time-dependent brane acts as a source for gravity which, in a region of parameter space, violates the dominant energy condition. We find regimes, involving both slowly collapsing and rapidly collapsing branes, where higher derivative corrections to the DBI action can be neglected. We propose some generalised symmetrised trace formulae for higher dimensional fuzzy spheres and observe an application to D-brane charge calculations.
description: 32 pages, Latex
An Experiment inside an Experiment: Improvements in First World War Tank Wireless Communications
Creators: name: Webster, Andrew
Publisher: name: British Journal for Military History
Year: 2021

description: During the First World War, new mobile fighting platforms, including aeroplanes and tanks, presented novel problems for an Army reliant on visual and line communication. Wireless was considered unwieldy, unreliable and non-secure. Unit War Diaries for Tank Signal Companies show only tentative and limited success for early experiments with wireless, with most researchers focusing on the small number of messages sent. This article re-evaluates this picture, balancing what were, indeed, limited achievements in message-carrying, against the rapid development of sound, highly effective radio procedures still recognisable today. Inverting the traditional focus on command decisions, the article strives to illuminate the achievements of those actually operating the equipment.
description: British Journal for Military History, Vol 7 No 1 (2020)
Differential effects of two coxsackievirus strains on pancreatic cells
Creators: name: Yap, Ivy S.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Type I diabetes is a multi-factorial disease resulting from the destruction of beta cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, causing a serious derangement of glucose metabolism that can be fatal in patients deprived of insulin treatment. Factors involved in disease development include host genetic susceptibility genes, aberrant immune reactions, and environmental agents such as viruses, drugs and diet. The pathogenesis of virus-induced type I diabetes is not well-understood, and several mechanisms have been proposed. It is known that only some strains of group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs) induce glucose dysregulation in susceptible human patients and murine models; thus certain intrinsic properties of diabetogenic strains must be responsible for causing beta cell injury. The overall aim of this thesis was to characterize the viral factors that determine the diabetogenicity of the CVB4 E2 strain, but are absent in the non-diabetogenic, parental CVB4 JVB strain. A diabetes-susceptible mouse strain, SJL/J, was infected with one of the two viruses, and the pathogenic processes triggered by each virus infection in the pancreas were compared. Histological analysis of sections of infected pancreas revealed that JVB infection caused acute damage to the pancreas, which subsequently recovered and regenerated new islet cells. On the other hand, E2 infection induced much more damage to the exocrine pancreas, and no islet neogenesis was observed to occur. The E2 strain was found to cause a higher degree of apoptosis of both islet and acinar cells, compared to JVB virus. E2 viral titres in the pancreas, serum and other target organs were 10 to 100-fold higher than those produced by JVB virus, and infectious E2 viral particles were present for a longer period of time. Also, E2 double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) persisted in the pancreas until day 95 post-infection (p.i.), whereas JVB dsRNA was undetectable after day 3. Examination of beta cell function showed that while islets of JVB-infected mice resumed insulin production after day 3, the islets of E2-infected mice were found to be insulin-deficient long after acute infection has been resolved. Endocrine cell damage caused by E2 infection was found to be specific for beta cell insulin production, and did not adversely affect proIAPP synthesis or alpha cell glucagon production up to day 35 p.i. Glucose tolerance tests showed that JVB-infected mice were normoglycemic after day 10 p.i., whereas E2-infected ones were hypoglycemic from day 5 to 35. In summary, these findings showed that the diabetogenic E2 strain is more virulent than the parental JVB virus, and causes extensive exocrine tissue damage thereby preventing islet cell neogenesis from occurring. The mice become extremely hypoglycemic despite a complete absence of insulin production, due to the lack of pancreatic enzymes that the exocrine pancreas normally supplies to enable digestion.
Dichrometra A. H. Clark 1909
Creators: name: Mohammednowshad, B.
name: Idreesbabu, K. K.
name: Parameswaran, Usha V.
name: Messing, Charles G.
name: Sureshkumar, S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Crinoidea
Comatulida
Mariametridae
Dichrometra

description: Dichrometra A.H. Clark, 1909d
 Type species.— Alecto flagellata Müller, 1841.
 Diagnosis.— A genus of Mariametridae with centrodorsal discoidal, with aboral pole flat, slightly concave or convex; brachitaxes laterally separated and aborally rounded to closely apposed and flattened laterally; adambulacral processes absent; cirrals <40; distal cirrals smooth, or with aboral keel, or blunt or sharp aboral spine; P2, or P2 and P3, larger and longer than both P1 and following pinnules, and tapering distally to slender, often flagellate tip; either P2 or P3 longest and stoutest, or of similar length and strength; enlarged oral pinnules with articular facets not reduced or modified, proximal segments carinate or not, and with LW of middle pinnulars at most 2.0; P2 usually of 20 or more pinnulars (maximum 40); up to 50 arms (usually 20–40) (modified from Rankin and Messing, 2008; Taylor et al., 2017).
 Remarks.— Taylor et al. (2017) synonymized Lamprometra A.H. Clark, 1913c, and Liparometra A.H. Clark, 1913c, under the senior Dichrometra. The three genera had been distinguished on the basis of differences in the relative lengths and robustness of P2 and P3.
description: Published as part of Mohammednowshad, B., Idreesbabu, K. K., Parameswaran, Usha V., Messing, Charles G. & Sureshkumar, S., 2020, The Shallow-water Crinoid Fauna of Lakshadweep Atolls, North-western Indian Ocean, pp. 247-265 in Zootaxa 4789 (1) on pages 257-258, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3884945
The World Rice Market: Structure, Conduct, and Performance
Creators: name: Siamwalla, Ammar
name: Haykin, Stephen
name: Siamwalla, Ammar
name: Haykin, Stephen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Rice trade

description: Because rice is the staple food of the majority of the world’s population, particularly of the poorer people of developing countries, the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) was founded to generate new technology to rapidly expand the supply of rice. IRRI has achieved extraordinary success, not only through the development of specific varieties of rice such as IR8, but by demonstrating approaches to rice cultivation that have had profound influence on human welfare and on the environment within rice research and production take place. The international Food Policy Research (IFPRI), as the policy-oriented center in the Consultative Group on International Agriculture Research (CGIAR) system, has maintained a long-term collaborative research relationship with IRRI on rice policy in Southeast Asia. As some of the countries in that region expand their rice production, their behavior in the world rice marker becomes more important. IFPRI itself has had a long-standing interest in food security issues and the role of international trade in helping countries attain food security. IFPRI Research Report 4, Food security: An Insurance Approach, by Panos Konandreas et al., examined how international markets can be used to stabilize national supplies. Developed- Country Agricultural Policies and Developing-Country Supplies: The cast of Wheat, Research Report 14, by Timothy Josling, Economics of the International Stockholding of Wheat, Research Report 18, by Daniel Morrow, and Estimates Of Soviet Grain Imports in 1980-85: Alternatives Approaches, Research Report 22, by Padma Desai, look at various aspects of the workings of the world wheat market. In collaboration with the international Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), IFPRI held a conference in Mexico, the proceedings of which were published in Food Security for Developing Countries, edited by Alberto Valdes (Boulder, Colo. Westview Press, 1981). IFPRI building on this research is proceeding with in-depth studies or irrigation economics, also in collaboration with IRRI and Asia Development Bank. These studies will emphasize investment needs and their relation to technology and overall rice supply-demand balances.
Local anisotropy and giant enhancement of local electromagnetic fields in fractal aggregates of metal nanoparticles
Creators: name: Karpov, Sergei V.
name: Gerasimov, Valeriy S.
name: Isaev, Ivan L.
name: Markel, Vadim A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have shown within the quasistatic approximation that the giant fluctuations of local electromagnetic field in random fractal aggregates of silver nanospheres are strongly correlated with a local anisotropy factor S which is defined in this paper. The latter is a purely geometrical parameter which characterizes the deviation of local environment of a given nanosphere in an aggregate from spherical symmetry. Therefore, it is possible to predict the sites with anomalously large local fields in an aggregate without explicitly solving the electromagnetic problem. We have also demonstrated that the average (over nanospheres) value of S does not depend noticeably on the fractal dimension D, except when D approaches the trivial limit D=3. In this case, as one can expect, the average local environment becomes spherically symmetrical and S approaches zero. This corresponds to the well-known fact that in trivial aggregates fluctuations of local electromagnetic fields are much weaker than in fractal aggregates. Thus, we find that, within the quasistatics, the large-scale geometry does not have a significant impact on local electromagnetic responses in nanoaggregates in a wide range of fractal dimensions. However, this prediction is expected to be not correct in aggregates which are sufficiently large for the intermediate- and radiation-zone interaction of individual nanospheres to become important.
description: 9 pages 9 figures. No revisions from previous version; only figure layout is changed
Inference with Artificial Neural Networks on Analog Neuromorphic Hardware
Creators: name: Weis, Johannes
name: Spilger, Philipp
name: Billaudelle, Sebastian
name: Stradmann, Yannik
name: Emmel, Arne
name: Müller, Eric
name: Breitwieser, Oliver
name: Grübl, Andreas
name: Ilmberger, Joscha
name: Karasenko, Vitali
name: Kleider, Mitja
name: Mauch, Christian
name: Schreiber, Korbinian
name: Schemmel, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The neuromorphic BrainScaleS-2 ASIC comprises mixed-signal neurons and synapse circuits as well as two versatile digital microprocessors. Primarily designed to emulate spiking neural networks, the system can also operate in a vector-matrix multiplication and accumulation mode for artificial neural networks. Analog multiplication is carried out in the synapse circuits, while the results are accumulated on the neurons' membrane capacitors. Designed as an analog, in-memory computing device, it promises high energy efficiency. Fixed-pattern noise and trial-to-trial variations, however, require the implemented networks to cope with a certain level of perturbations. Further limitations are imposed by the digital resolution of the input values (5 bit), matrix weights (6 bit) and resulting neuron activations (8 bit). In this paper, we discuss BrainScaleS-2 as an analog inference accelerator and present calibration as well as optimization strategies, highlighting the advantages of training with hardware in the loop. Among other benchmarks, we classify the MNIST handwritten digits dataset using a two-dimensional convolution and two dense layers. We reach 98.0% test accuracy, closely matching the performance of the same network evaluated in software.