Pandemis heparana
Creators: name: Austin, Kyhl A.
name: Dombroskie, Jason J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Pandemis
Pandemis heparana

description: <i>Pandemis heparana</i> ([Denis and Schiffermüller]) (Figs. 3, 4, 11) <i>Tortrix heparana</i> Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775: 128 <i>Pandemis heparana</i>: [unknown author, date] (new combination). <i>Teras jamaicana</i> Walker, 1863: 291. <b>New synonymy.</b> “ <i>Archips</i> ” <i>jamaicana</i>: Powell et al. 1995: 148 (new combination). [Archipini unplaced] <i>jamaicana</i>: Brown 2005: 124. Type material.— <i>Tortrix heparana</i> [Denis and Schiffermuller], 1775: Syntype, [unknown sex]: AUSTRIA: [unknown, presumed lost or destroyed]. <i>Teras jamaicana</i> Walker, 1863: Holotype, &amp;female;: JAMAICA [examined; head, abdomen missing] (BMNH). Discussion.—Unfortunately, the head and abdomen of the holotype (Fig. 3) are missing, so our conclusions are based entirely on wing pattern, coloration, and size. No species of <i>Pandemis</i> are described from the Neotropics (Brown 2005), so it is unlikely that <i>Teras jamaicana</i> represents a good species (assuming that the “ Jamaica ” label is not a mistake). We believe it is more likely that <i>T. jamaicana</i> represents a brief and accidental introduction to Jamaica of a described European or North American species. Of these, <i>P. heparana</i> is the closest match, based on comparisons to 11 female specimens in the CUIC identified by JJD (Fig. 4). <i>Tortrix jamaicana</i> agrees well with the wing characters described in Mutuura (1980) and Dombroskie and Sperling (2012) for <i>P. heparana</i>, especially in the possession of an entirely dark brown hindwing and only faint forewing banding. The vast majority of described <i>Pandemis</i> species are from Madagascar and East Asia. We have not compared these species to <i>T. jamaicana</i>, as it is unlikely that they could have made it to Jamaica. The larvae of <i>Pandemis heparana</i> have been recorded from an immense variety of important agricultural and ornamental plants in its native range (Brown et al. 2008), so it is not unreasonable to assume it was introduced from Europe on imported plants, especially considering it has been introduced multiple times into North America (Mutuura 1980; JJD pers. obs.).
description: Published as part of <i>Austin, Kyhl A. &amp; Dombroskie, Jason J., 2020, New Combinations In Neotropical Archipini And Atteriini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae), With The Description Of A New Genus, pp. 1-11 in Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 122 (1)</i> on page 4, DOI: 10.4289/0013-8797.122.1.1In, http://zenodo.org/record/3724761
description: {"references": ["Denis, J. N. C. M. and I. Schiffermuller. 1775. Ankundung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend, herausgegeben von einigen Lehrern am k. k. Theresianum. Wien. 322 pp.", "Walker, F. 1863. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 28: 287 - 562.", "Powell, J. A., J. Razowski, and J. W. Brown. 1995. Tortricidae: 138 - 157. In J. B. Heppner, ed. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 2 Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea: LIV + 243 pp. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera. Gainesville.", "Brown, J. W. 2005. World catalogue of insects. Volume 5. Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Apollo Books, Stenstrup. 1 - 742.", "Mutuura, A. 1980. Two Pandemis species introduced into British Columbia, with a comparison of native North American species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist 112 (6): 549 - 554.", "Dombroskie, J. J. and F. A. H. Sperling. 2012. Phylogeny of Nearctic Pandemis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with focus on species boundaries in the P. limitata group. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 105 (6): 768 - 780.", "Brown, J. W., G. Robinson, and J. A. Powell. 2008. Food plant database of the leafrollers of the world (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Version 1.0). http: // www. tortricid. net / foodplants. asp."]}