Colletes musculus Friese 1910
Creators: name: Ferrari, Rafael R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Colletidae
Colletes
Colletes musculus

description: Colletes musculus Friese, 1910
(Figs. 44A–F)
Colletes musculus Friese, 1910: 647, 1912: 366; Stephen 1954: 163; Toro 1986: 123, 1999: 29; Moure & Urban 2002: 15; Montalva & Ruz 2010: 22; Moure et al. 2007: 684; Ascher & Pickering 2017.
Lectotype ♀ (examined) designated by Moure & Urban (2002: 15). {ZMB}.
Colletes ciliatus Friese, 1910: 647 (junior homonym of Colletes ciliatus Patton, 1879: 369); Claude-Joseph 1926: 136; Jaffuel & Pirion 1926: 364; Ruiz 1944: 209; Stephen 1954: 161; Toro & Cabezas 1977: 53.
Lectotype ♀ (examined) designated by Toro & Cabezas (1977: 53). {ZMB}.
Colletes biciliatus Cockerell, 1918a: 138 [new name for Colletes ciliatus Friese (not Patton)]; Moure et al. 2007: 678. Synonymy proposed by Toro (1999: 29).
Colletes chubutensis Cockerell, 1918a: 137; Pérez & Cerda 1980: 100; Moure & Urban 2002: 6; Moure et al. 2007: 680. Synonymy proposed by Toro (1999: 29).
Lectotype ♂ (examined). {USNM}. [hereby designated]
Colletes polynidus Stephen, 1953: 40 [unnecessary new name for Colletes ciliatus Friese (not Patton)].
Mourecotelles biciliatus; Moure & Urban 2002: 23; Montalva & Ruz 2010: 3.
Diagnosis. Colletes musculus can be differentiated from the other species of the genus found in Chile through the following combination of characteristics: head and mesosoma covered with off-white and black hairs intermixed, mesosomal interspaces imbricate throughout, and T1–T5 dark-blue with dark-brown marginal zones.
Colletes musculus is most similar to C. cyanescens, from which it is distinct in having opaque dark-blue T1–T5 (T1–T5 metallic greenish-blue in C. cyanescens); and marginal zones of T1–T4 dark-brown, contrasting with the colour of discs (marginal zones of T1–T4 the same colour as discs, in C. cyanescens).
Redescription. FEMALE (Figs. 44A, 44C, 44E): Dimensions (mm): Approximate body length 8.2–9.8; head width 3.2–3.6; head length 2.5–2.8; intertegular distance 2.5–2.9; forewing length 7.4–7.9.
Colouration: Black except opaque dark-blue on T1–T5. Dark-brown on tegula, wing veins (except veins C and R of forewing black), mid trochanter and femur, anterior surface of mid tibia, hind coxa and trochanter, dorsal surface of tarsomeres 2–5 (except pale-brown on distal 1/5 of distitarsi), marginal zones of T1–T4, ventrally reflexed lateral areas of T1, S6 laterally. Reddish-brown marked on distal half of mandible. Pale-brown on tibial spurs, distal half of tarsal claws, mid-longitudinal band of S6. Pale-yellow on proximal half of tarsal claws, marginal zones of S1–S5.
Structure: Labrum medially concave; concavity margined by lateral ridges. Clypeal mid-longitudinal area evenly shallowly and narrowly (0.4x MOD) depressed on upper 3/5; adjacent lateral area convex; apicomedial ridge absent. Malar area ~1.4x as long as basal depth of mandible (31:22). F1 ~1.6x as long as its apical width (34:21). UID:LID (70:71). Genal area concave behind upper summit of compound eyes in lateral view. Dorsolateral angle of pronotum rounded. Horizontal surface of metapostnotum ~0.3x as long as metanotum (18:58); metapostnotal pits well-delimited; posterior transverse carina straight and virtually complete. Posteromedial surface of front coxa without spine. Posterior hind tibial spur ciliate. Hind basitarsus ~ 4x longer than broad (53:13). Outer rami of hind tarsal claws 1.8x as long as inner rami (15:7). Posterolateral area of S6 flat and lacking carina; marginal zone not depressed.
Pubescence: Mixed off-white and black, plumose, erect, moderately long on lateral slopes of supraclypeal area, paraocular area, genal area (except very long towards proboscidial fossa and black hairs restricted to outer margin of eye), pronotal lobe, mesoscutum, scutellum, anteroventral surface of front trochanter and femur, ventral surface of mid trochanter; long on interantennal and frontal areas, mesepisternum, metepisternum; such hairs very long on vertexal area, upper margin of lateral surface of propodeum. Off-white, plumose, suberect, moderately short on clypeal mid-longitudinal and vertical areas; erect, long on ventral margin of mid femur, T1, S1. Paleyellow, erect, moderately short setae on mandible, dorsal surface of mid and hind basitarsi and hind tibia. Black, plumose, erect, long on posterior margin of front and mid basitarsi; such hairs very long on posterior margin of hind basitarsus. Pale-yellow, suberect, short setae on dorsal surface of front and mid; setae thick on ventral surface of mid and hind tarsi (thickest towards distal margin). Pale-yellow, suberect, very long hairs, which are branched only apically on anterior surface of hind femur and tibia. T2–T5 covered with off-white, sparse appressed hairs; T2 also with off-white, plumose, moderately long hairs; T3–T5 also with black, erect, moderately short setae (except pale-yellow, short on T3). Discs of S2–S5 with suberect, minute setae; marginal zones with a line of plumose, erect, short hairs. S6 with fulvous, erect, short setae concentrated laterally and posteriorly.
Surface sculpture: Clypeal mid-longitudinally depression sparsely and moderately finely punctate (interspaces longitudinally striate); adjacent convex area densely punctate on lateral slopes (interspaces imbricate). Malar area substrigulate. Supraclypeal area with a few moderately fine punctures; interspaces imbricate. Paraocular area densely and moderately finely punctate below; sparsely and finely punctate above; interspaces imbricate throughout. Punctation on frontal area difficult to discern from the overall rugose interspaces. Vertexal area finely and moderately sparsely punctate (interspaces imbricate); integument rugose near eye and occipital area. Mesoscutum moderately finely and moderately densely punctate (except sparsely punctate on mid-posterior area); interspaces imbricate. Scutellum moderately coarsely and moderately densely punctate (except sparsely punctate anteriorly); interspaces imbricate (except rugose on posterior 1/5). Punctures on metanotum very ill-defined, punctures limits somehow rugose. Mesepisternum sparsely and moderately finely punctate. Metepisternum imbricate above and below; rugose medially. Upper area of vertical surface of metapostnotum rugose. Metanotal terga minutely punctate; interspaces imbricate throughout. Metasomal interspaces imbricate. S2–S5 finely and sparsely punctate (except moderately densely punctate posterolaterally). S6 moderately finely punctate (except minutely punctate mid-longitudinally).
MALE (Figs. 44B, 44D, 44F). As in female, except for usual secondary sexual characteristics and as follows:
Dimensions (mm): Approximate body length 8.0–9.1; head width 3.3–3.7; head length 2.6–3.0; intertegular distance 2.5–2.9; forewing length 7.2–7.9.
Colouration: Reddish-brown mark on mandible restricted to distal 1/3. Legs black, except dark-brown on dorsal surface of distitarsi. Tibial spurs pale-yellow. S6 dark-brown entirely.
Structure: Labrum medially convex; convexity not margined by ridges. Clypeal mid-longitudinal area deeply and narrowly (0.5x MOD) depressed on upper half; depression shallow and broad (2x MOD) below. Malar area ~ 2x as long as basal depth of mandible (35:17). F1 ~1.1x as long as its apical width (33:29). UID:LID (79:73). Horizontal surface of metapostnotum 0.4x as long as metanotum (18:45); metapostnotal pits well-delimited; posterior transverse carina sinuous and interrupted medially. Hind basitarsus ~3.2x longer than broad (42:13).Outer rami of hind tarsal claws 1.5x as long as inner rami (15:10). S7, S8 and genital capsule as in Figs. 45A, 45B, 45C, respectively.
Pubescence: Hairs on clypeal lateral slopes as long as those on paraocular area. Front and mid basitarsi with pale-yellow setae. S2 without appressed hairs; on S3 restricted laterally. Setae on S3–S5 evenly distributed on discs.
Surface sculpture: Clypeal mid-longitudinal depression with smooth interspaces. Vertexal area punctures crowded near ocellus. Scutellar posterior 1/5 with imbricate interspaces. Punctation on discs of S2–S5 evenly distributed. S6 finely punctate throughout.
Material studied. Primary type specimens: Lectotype ♀ of C. musculus —“Dr. LENDL ADOLF; NEUQUEN 1907.”. “ Colletes; musculus; 1909 Friese det.”. “SYNTYPE; Colletes; musculus Fr.; Examined C Rasmussen’ 07”. “LECTOTYPE; Colletes musculus; Friese, 1910; lab. Melo, 2015”. “Zool. Mus.; Berlin”. “http://coll.mfnberlin.de/u/; 56f9c0”. {ZMB}. Lectotype ♀ of C. ciliatus Friese—“CHILE; CONCEPC; 6.11.1904; P. HERBST”. “ Trifolium; Blüten.”. “ Colletes; ciliatus; 1909 Friese det.”. “Typus”. “Zool. Mus.; Berlin”. “LECTOTYPE; Colletes ciliatus; Friese, 1910; lab. Melo, 2015”. “http://coll.mfn-berlin.de/u/; 58f9bb”. {ZMB}. Lectotype ♂ of C. chubutensis —“Chubut; Patagonia”. “From WFH; Rosenberg”. “Type No.; 22932; U.S.N.M”. “ Colletes; chubutensis; Ckll. TYPE.”. “LECTOTYPE; Colletes chubutensis ♂; Cockerell, 1918; designated R. Ferrari, 2017”. {USNM}. [hereby designated].
Secondary type specimens: Paralectotypes ♀ and ♂ of C. ciliatus Friese — CHILE—Region VIII: Concepción, 17/x/1908, [P.Herbst], 1♂, {ZMB}; idem, except 14/xi/1908, 1♀.
Additional specimens: ARGENTINA—Neuquén: Neuquén, (-38.935, -68.084), 335m, 14/xi/1908, [P. Herbst], 1♀, {ZMB}. Paso Flores, (-40.549, -70.643), 653m, xi/1964, [A.Giai], 1♂, {MACN}. Pucará, (-38.964, -68.130), 270m, i/1956, 1♀, {KUNHM}. Río Negro: Bariloche, (-41.138, -71.274), 824m, xi/1964, [A.Giai], 1♀, {MACN}. Chubut: INTA Trevelin site 4, (-43.100, -71.552), 539m, 1/xi/2005, [A. Gravel], 1♀, {PCYU}; idem, except 1/xii/2005, 5♀♀. CHILE — Region V: Guardia Vieja, (-32.903, -70.271), 1620m, 17/ix/1964, [L.Peña], 1♀, {AMNH}. Region Metropolitana: Farellones, (-33.356, -70.324), 2179m, xi/1994, [Arriagada], 5♂♂, {AMNH}. Region VII: El Coigo, xi/1961, [L.Peña], 1♀, {AMNH}. Region VIII: Chillán, (-36.364, -72.105), 121m, xii/ 1994, [Arriagada], 5♀♀ 5♂♂, {AMNH}. Region IX: Lonquimay, (-38.724, -72.601), 117m, 9/xii/1964, 1♀, {AMNH}; idem, except 9/xii/2004, [Ascher & Kawahara], 1♀. Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta, (-37.791, -73.001), 1325m, 31/x/2001, 1♀, [L.Packer], {PCYU}. Río Liucura, 9/xii/2004, [Ascher & Kawahara], 1♀, {AMNH}. Region XI: 8km W of Chile Chico, (-46.551, -71.836), 504m, [Schlinder & Irwin], 2♂♂, {PUCV}. Chile Chico, (- 46.550, -71.716), 218m, 21/xi/1966, [Schlinger & Irwin], 1♂, {AMNH}; idem, except 22/xi/1966, [M.Irwin], 1♀.
Range. Argentina (Neuquén, Río Negro, Chubut), Chile (Regions V–XI). See also Fig. 46A.
DNA barcode. Available. BOLD: ACW2084 (2♀♀ 2♂♂). Barcoded specimens are from Southern Chile and Eastern Argentina and were assigned the same BIN (see Table 1). Distance from the nearest neighbour (C. cyanescens): 1.73–4.04%.
Biogeographic distribution. South American transition zone: Monte province. Central Chilean sub-region: (Coquimban and Santiagan provinces). Subantarctic sub-region (Maule province). Patagonian sub-region (Patagonian province). Central Chilean and western Argentinean species distributed at altitudes of 100–2200m a.s.l.
Floral hosts. Berberidaceae— Berberis sp. (Toro 1999). Boraginaceae— Phacelia sp. (Toro 1999). Compositae— Baccharis obovata Hook. & Arn. (this paper). Grossulariaceae— Ribes magellanicum Poir. (this paper). Leguminosae— Adesmia sp. (Toro 1999); Trifolium repens L. (this paper).
Comments. Colletes musculus is widely distributed in Chile, occurring from Guardia Vieja (Region V), in the centre of the country, to as far south as Chile Chico (Region XI). The species is also found in southern Argentina. Across its geographic range, C. musculus exhibits some morphological variation, more markedly in the supraclypeal area (varying from shiny to completely dull), and mesepisternum (varying from finely to moderately coarsely punctate). This variation may well explain why so many different names have been proposed for the same species.
Friese described C. musculus based on males and females from Neuquén (Argentina) and Concepción (Chile) collected by Lendl and Herbst, respectively (Friese 1910: 647). Later, Moure examined the type series and designated a female from Neuquén as the species’ lectotype (Moure & Urban 2002: 15; see also “Material studied”, above). The female lectotypes of C. musculus and C. ciliatus Friese (not Patton) are morphologically indistinguishable, which means these nominal taxa are subjective synonymies, as previously suggested by Toro (1999: 29). The name C. musculus, however, has precedence over C. biciliatus (the new name of C. ciliatus Friese), following determination by the First Reviser (ICZN 1999; Article 24.2.2).
Examination of the male lectotype of C. chubutensis confirmed that this species is also a subjective synonym of C. musculus (see Toro 1999: 29). The nomenclatural acts made by Toro (1999) are acknowledged by Ascher & Pickering (2017), but not by Moure & Urban (2002) and Moure et al. (2007).
Although the collection date of the lectotype of C. ciliatus Friese (November, 6th) does not match that mentioned by Friese in the original description (October), I am herein following Melo’s decision of considering Toro & Cabezas’ (1977) designation as valid (G. Melo, pers. comm.; according to Article 72.4.1.1 of the Code).
description: Published as part of Ferrari, Rafael R., 2017, Taxonomic revision of the species of Colletes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Colletinae) found in Chile, pp. 1-137 in Zootaxa 4364 (1) on pages 86-90, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4364.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1116008