cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A microscopic model for thin film spreading
Creators: name: Abraham, Douglas B.
name: Cuerno, Rodolfo
name: Moro, Esteban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A microscopic, driven lattice gas model is proposed for the dynamics and spatio-temporal fluctuations of the precursor film observed in spreading experiments. Matter is transported both by holes and particles, and the distribution of each can be described by driven diffusion with a moving boundary. This picture leads to a stochastic partial differential equation for the shape of the boundary, which agrees with the simulations of the lattice gas. Preliminary results for flow in a thermal gradient are discussed.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Submitted
Constraints on the Galactic Inner Halo Assembly History from the Age Gradient of Blue Horizontal-branch Stars
Creators: name: Whitten, Devin D.
name: Beers, Timothy C.
name: Placco, Vinicius M.
name: Santucci, Rafael M.
name: Denissenkov, Pavel
name: Tissera, Patricia B.
name: Mejías, Andrea
name: Hernitschek, Nina
name: Carollo, Daniela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the relative age distribution of the Milky Way halo, based on samples of blue horizontal-branch (BHB) stars obtained from the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System and \textit{Galaxy Evolution Explorer} photometry, as well a Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectroscopic sample. A machine-learning approach to the selection of BHB stars is developed, using support vector classification, with which we produce chronographic age maps of the Milky Way halo out to 40\,kpc from the Galactic center. We identify a characteristic break in the relative age profiles of our BHB samples, corresponding to a Galactocentric radius of $R_{\rm{GC}} \sim 14$\,kpc. Within the break radius, we find an age gradient of $-63.4 \pm 8.2$ Myr kpc$^{-1}$, which is significantly steeper than obtained by previous studies that did not discern between the inner- and outer-halo regions. The gradient in the relative age profile and the break radius signatures persist after correcting for the influence of metallicity on our spectroscopic calibration sample. We conclude that neither are due to the previously recognized metallicity gradient in the halo, as one passes from the inner-halo to the outer-halo region. Our results are consistent with a dissipational formation of the inner-halo population, involving a few relatively massive progenitor satellites, such as those proposed to account for the assembly of \textit{Gaia}-Enceladus, which then merged with the inner halo of the Milky Way.
description: 13 figures
PCM-net: a refractive index database of chalcogenide phase change materials for tunable nanophotonic device modelling
Creators: name: Kim, Hyun Jung
name: Sohn, Jung-Woo
name: Hong, Nina
name: Williams, Calum
name: Humphreys, William
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Paper
Focus on Phase Change Materials for Photonics
online database
refractive index
phase change material
nanophotonics
optical metasurface
PCM-net
device modelling

description: Abstract: The growing demand for multifunctional nanophotonic devices has led to the exploration, and utilization, of a plethora of exotic electro-optical materials. Recently, chalcogenide glass based phase change materials (PCMs) have shown utility as a tuning material for a range of nanophotonic devices. Owing to their low loss, ultrafast switching speeds and wide waveband operation, PCMs are integrated in an increasing number of next-generation tunable components, including integrated photonic switches, metasurface optics and tunable spectral filters. Nonetheless, modelling of PCM-based devices is challenging—both in terms of accurate representation of experimentally derived material properties in different phase states, and standardization of results across the research community. Further, as each device requires optimization of specific performance metrics dependent on their respective application, any inaccuracies will lead to erroneous outcomes. In this work, we introduce PCM-net (http://nekocloud.com/pnet/): an online database of the complex refractive indices of a variety of chalcogenide glass PCMs (such as GeSbTe), as an accessible and indexed repository for data sharing across the PCM community. Refractive indices (n) and extinction coefficients (k) between amorphous and crystalline states are directly extracted from experimentally derived data in numerous academic research articles, and collated into the material resource database. Due to the inaccuracies associated with our data collection methods, this data is supplemented with additional computationally generated data, obtained through WVASE® —a commercial ellipsometry analysis software package. To demonstrate the utility of PCM-net, we provide a NASA application-driven device optimization example using the optical properties of PCMs collected with our database. We anticipate the database providing great use to the PCM community and coordinated research efforts enabled by PCM-net will promote the shared repository for the selection of appropriate PCMs for tunable nanophotonic device design for a range of applications.
The impact of patient clinical information on automated skin cancer detection
Creators: name: Pacheco, Andre G. C.
name: Krohling, Renato A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer around the world. For this reason, over the past years, different approaches have been proposed to assist detect it. Nonetheless, most of them are based only on dermoscopy images and do not take into account the patient clinical information. In this work, first, we present a new dataset that contains clinical images, acquired from smartphones, and patient clinical information of the skin lesions. Next, we introduce a straightforward approach to combine the clinical data and the images using different well-known deep learning models. These models are applied to the presented dataset using only the images and combining them with the patient clinical information. We present a comprehensive study to show the impact of the clinical data on the final predictions. The results obtained by combining both sets of information show a general improvement of around 7% in the balanced accuracy for all models. In addition, the statistical test indicates significant differences between the models with and without considering both data. The improvement achieved shows the potential of using patient clinical information in skin cancer detection and indicates that this piece of information is important to leverage skin cancer detection systems.
Unit equations on quaternions
Creators: name: Huang, Yifeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11D61, 11J86, 16H05, 37P55

description: A classical result about unit equations says that if $Γ_1$ and $Γ_2$ are finitely generated subgroups of $\mathbb C^\times$, then the equation $x+y=1$ has only finitely many solutions with $x\inΓ_1$ and $y\in Γ_2$. We study a noncommutative analogue of the result, where $Γ_1,Γ_2$ are finitely generated subsemigroups of the multiplicative group of a quaternion algebra. We prove an analogous conclusion when both semigroups are generated by algebraic quaternions with norms greater than 1 and one of the semigroups is commutative. As an application in dynamics, we prove that if $f$ and $g$ are endomorphisms of a curve $C$ of genus $1$ over an algebraically closed field $k$, and $\mathrm{deg}(f), \mathrm{deg}(g)\geq 2$, then $f$ and $g$ have a common iterate if and only if some forward orbit of $f$ on $C(k)$ has infinite intersection with an orbit of $g$.
description: 14 pages
Interactive Decision Making for Autonomous Vehicles in Dense Traffic
Creators: name: Isele, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dense urban traffic environments can produce situations where accurate prediction and dynamic models are insufficient for successful autonomous vehicle motion planning. We investigate how an autonomous agent can safely negotiate with other traffic participants, enabling the agent to handle potential deadlocks. Specifically we consider merges where the gap between cars is smaller than the size of the ego vehicle. We propose a game theoretic framework capable of generating and responding to interactive behaviors. Our main contribution is to show how game-tree decision making can be executed by an autonomous vehicle, including approximations and reasoning that make the tree-search computationally tractable. Additionally, to test our model we develop a stochastic rule-based traffic agent capable of generating interactive behaviors that can be used as a benchmark for simulating traffic participants in a crowded merge setting.
Kinematical and nonlocality effects on the nonmesonic weak hypernuclear decay
Creators: name: Barbero, C.
name: De Conti, C.
name: Galeao, A. P.
name: Krmpotic, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive in detail the transition potential for nonmesonic lambda-hypernuclear decay in a one-meson-exchange model involving the full pseudoscalar and vector meson octets and including two effects that have been systematically omitted in the literature. These are the kinematical effects due to the difference between the lambda and nucleon masses and the first-order nonlocality corrections. Numerical results for $^{12}_Λ$C and $^5_Λ$He are presented and they show that the combined kinematical plus nonlocal corrections have an appreciable influence on the partial decay rates. However, this is somewhat diminished in the main decay observables: the total nonmesonic rate, the neutron-to-proton branching ratio, and the asymmetry parameter. The latter two still cannot be reconciled with the available experimental data. The existing theoretical predictions for the sign of the asymmetry parameter in $^5_Λ$He are confirmed.
description: 36 pages; LaTeX2e; 1 eps figure. Changes: 2 more tables and 14 new references added; effects on asymmetry parameter calculated; discussions expanded; more definite conclusions reached
Cooperation transitions in social games induced by aspiration-driven players
Creators: name: Aguilar-Janita, Miguel
name: Khalil, Nagi
name: Leyva, Inmaculada
name: Sendiña-Nadal, Irene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cooperation and defection are social traits whose evolutionary origin is still unresolved. Recent behavioral experiments with humans suggested that strategy changes are driven mainly by the individuals' expectations and not by imitation. This work theoretically analyzes and numerically explores an aspiration-driven strategy updating in a well-mixed population playing games. The payoffs of the game matrix and the aspiration are condensed into just two parameters that allow a comprehensive description of the dynamics. We find continuous and abrupt transitions in the cooperation density with excellent agreement between theory and the Gillespie simulations. Under strong selection, the system can display several levels of steady cooperation or get trapped into absorbing states. These states are still relevant for experiments even when irrational choices are made due to their prolonged relaxation times. Finally, we show that for the particular case of the Prisoner Dilemma, where defection is the dominant strategy under imitation mechanisms, the self-evaluation update instead favors cooperation nonlinearly with the level of aspiration. Thus, our work provides insights into the distinct role between imitation and self-evaluation with no learning dynamics.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures; Correction of typos in the metadata
Gracilidris humiloides
Creators: name: Heterick, Brian E.
name: Shattuck, Steve
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Gracilidris
Gracilidris humiloides

description: Gracilidris humiloides (Wilson)
 Iridomyrmex humiloides Wilson, 1985b: 33.
 Types. Holotype worker from Dominican amber (Miocene).
 Comments. While Shattuck (1992a) considered this species to belong to Linepithema, more recent work by Wild & Cuezzo (2006) places it in their genus Gracilidris.
description: Published as part of Heterick, Brian E. & Shattuck, Steve, 2011, Revision of the ant genus Iridomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 2845, pp. 1-174 in Zootaxa 2845 (1) on page 170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2845.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5287811
Receptor-specific interactome as a hub for rapid cue-induced selective translation in axons
Creators: name: Koppers, Max
name: Cagnetta, Roberta
name: Shigeoka, Toshiaki
name: Wunderlich, Lucia CS
name: Vallejo-Ramirez, Pedro
name: Qiaojin Lin, Julie
name: Zhao, Sixian
name: Jakobs, Maximilian AH
name: Dwivedy, Asha
name: Minett, Michael S
name: Bellon, Anaïs
name: Kaminski, Clemens F
name: Harris, William A
name: Flanagan, John G
name: Holt, Christine E
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Research Article
Developmental Biology
Neuroscience
local protein synthesis
axon
guidance receptor
retinal ganglion cell
mRNA
RNA-binding protein
Human
Xenopus

description: Extrinsic cues trigger the local translation of specific mRNAs in growing axons via cell surface receptors. The coupling of ribosomes to receptors has been proposed as a mechanism linking signals to local translation but it is not known how broadly this mechanism operates, nor whether it can selectively regulate mRNA translation. We report that receptor-ribosome coupling is employed by multiple guidance cue receptors and this interaction is mRNA-dependent. We find that different receptors associate with distinct sets of mRNAs and RNA-binding proteins. Cue stimulation of growing Xenopus retinal ganglion cell axons induces rapid dissociation of ribosomes from receptors and the selective translation of receptor-specific mRNAs. Further, we show that receptor-ribosome dissociation and cue-induced selective translation are inhibited by co-exposure to translation-repressive cues, suggesting a novel mode of signal integration. Our findings reveal receptor-specific interactomes and suggest a generalizable model for cue-selective control of the local proteome.
Facilitating access to rural services in Vietnam: The invisible social capital link
Creators: name: Quoc, Hoang Dinh
name: Dufhues, Thomas
name: Buchenrieder, Gertrud
name: Quoc, Hoang Dinh
name: Dufhues, Thomas
name: Buchenrieder, Gertrud
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper investigates the effects of individual social capital on the access of rural households to services. In the context of agriculture economics, an innovative data collection approach is used to determine social capital. The approach originates from the field of sociology and entails a personal network survey. We define four social capital variables according to tie strength (bonding/bridging) and social distance (bondinglink/bridginglink) between the respondent and his/her network member. The econometric results suggest that social capital with weaker ties in combination with socially distant ties (bridginglink social capital) can potentially improve households’ access to rural services.
Design Space Exploration on Efficient and Accurate Human Pose Estimation from Sparse IMU-Sensing
Creators: name: Fürst-Walter, Iris
name: Nappi, Antonio
name: Harbaum, Tanja
name: Becker, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Human Pose Estimation (HPE) to assess human motion in sports, rehabilitation or work safety requires accurate sensing without compromising the sensitive underlying personal data. Therefore, local processing is necessary and the limited energy budget in such systems can be addressed by Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) instead of common camera sensing. The central trade-off between accuracy and efficient use of hardware resources is rarely discussed in research. We address this trade-off by a simulative Design Space Exploration (DSE) of a varying quantity and positioning of IMU-sensors. First, we generate IMU-data from a publicly available body model dataset for different sensor configurations and train a deep learning model with this data. Additionally, we propose a combined metric to assess the accuracy-resource trade-off. We used the DSE as a tool to evaluate sensor configurations and identify beneficial ones for a specific use case. Exemplary, for a system with equal importance of accuracy and resources, we identify an optimal sensor configuration of 4 sensors with a mesh error of 6.03 cm, increasing the accuracy by 32.7% and reducing the hardware effort by two sensors compared to state of the art. Our work can be used to design health applications with well-suited sensor positioning and attention to data privacy and resource-awareness.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
A Continuous-Flow Model for in vitro Cultivation of Mixed Microbial Populations Associated With Cystic Fibrosis Airway Infections
Creators: name: O’Brien, Thomas James
name: Welch, Martin
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: cystic fibrosis
subject: continuous-flow
subject: co-culture
subject: in vitro
subject: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
subject: Staphylococcus aureus
subject: Candida albicans

description: The airways of people with cystic fibrosis (CF) provide a nutrient-rich environment which favours colonisation by a variety of bacteria and fungi. Although the dominant pathogen associated with CF airway infections is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it is becoming increasingly clear that inter-species interactions between P. aeruginosa and other colonists in the airways may have a large impact on microbial physiology and virulence. However, there are currently no suitable experimental models that permit long-term co-culture of P. aeruginosa with other CF-associated pathogens. Here, we redress this problem by describing a “3R’s-compliant” continuous-flow in vitro culture model which enables long-term co-culture of three representative CF-associated microbes: P. aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Although these species rapidly out-compete one another when grown together or in pairs in batch culture, we show that in a continuously-fed setup, they can be maintained in a very stable, steady-state community. We use our system to show that even numerically (0.1%) minor species can have a major impact on intercellular signalling by P. aeruginosa. Importantly, we also show that co-culturing does not appear to influence species mutation rates, further reinforcing the notion that the system favours stability rather than divergence. The model is experimentally tractable and offers an inexpensive yet robust means of investigating inter-species interactions between CF pathogens.
Intrinsic Degeneracy of Gravitational Lens Time Delays: the case for a simple quadruple system in $Λ$CDM cosmology
Creators: name: Zhao, HongSheng
name: Qin, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A degeneracy in strong lens model is shown analytically. The observed time delays and quasar image positions might {\it not} uniquely determine the concentration and the extent of the lens galaxy halo mass distribution. Simply hardwiring the Hubble constant ($H_0$) and the cosmology ($Ω, Λ$) to the standard values of $Λ$CDM cosmology might {\it not} fully lift this degeneracy, which exists rigourously even with very accurate data. Equally good fits to the images could be found in lens mass models with either a mostly Keplerian or a flat rotation curve. This degeneracy in mass models makes the task of getting reliable $H_0$ and $Λ$ from strong lenses even more daunting.
description: 5pp w/ 3 color eps fig (To be published in ApJ 582, 1/1/2003 Issue)
The homeostatic dynamics of feeding behaviour identify novel mechanisms of anorectic agents
Creators: name: McGrath, Thomas M.
name: Spreckley, Eleanor
name: Rodriguez, Aina Fernandez
name: Viscomi, Carlo
name: Alamshah, Amin
name: Akalestou, Elina
name: Murphy, Kevin G.
name: Jones, Nick S.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Research and analysis methods
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Social sciences
subject: FOS: Social sciences
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Better understanding of feeding behaviour will be vital in reducing obesity and metabolic syndrome, but we lack a standard model that captures the complexity of feeding behaviour. We construct an accurate stochastic model of rodent feeding at the bout level in order to perform quantitative behavioural analysis. Analysing the different effects on feeding behaviour of peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36), lithium chloride, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and leptin shows the precise behavioural changes caused by each anorectic agent. Our analysis demonstrates that the changes in feeding behaviour evoked by the anorectic agents investigated do not mimic the behaviour of well-fed animals and that the intermeal interval is influenced by fullness. We show how robust homeostatic control of feeding thwarts attempts to reduce food intake and how this might be overcome. In silico experiments suggest that introducing a minimum intermeal interval or modulating upper gut emptying can be as effective as anorectic drug administration.
Poverty and Social Deprivation in Botswana: A Rural Case Study
Creators: name: Moepeng, Pelotshweu T.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Moepeng, Pelotshweu T.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Poverty
subject: Botswana
subject: gender inequality
subject: education

description: Poverty and social deprivation in Botswana are rising in rural areas while they are declining in urban towns and villages. Revenue from diamond mining is thought to have made a significant contribution to reducing poverty levels in cities and urban villages. However, the benefits from diamond revenue are perceived to have not reversed trends in rural poverty. In this study, contingency tables and chi-square tests are used to determine whether there is an association between the gender, educational status, and age of household heads and whether or not they believe their household is in the 20% of the least well-off households, in their selected rural village, Nshakashogwe. Such less well-off households if not in absolute poverty, are likely to be in comparative poverty. The results indicate that the gender of the household head is associated with household poverty in this village. Furthermore, the age of the household head is; the older is the household head, the less likely is the household to be in relative poverty. The relationship between the level of educational attainment of the household head and whether or not the head stated that their household is in the 20% least well-off in the village is almost the same for those with primary education or less and those who had completed secondary education but becomes significantly different when the household head has achieved tertiary education. Furthermore, household heads with higher levels of education compared to those with less education more frequently said that their economic situation had improved in the last ten years.
Stress–Strain Behaviour and Constitutive Modelling of Unconfined and Confined Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC)
Creators: name: Hiew, Shack Yee
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 400510
subject: Structural engineering

description: Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is valued for its exceptional compressive and tensile strength, yet its use remains limited to small-scale applications due to gaps in understanding its behaviour in larger structures, particularly axially loaded reinforced concrete (RC) columns. This thesis addresses these gaps by developing unified constitutive models for both unconfined and confined UHPC, calibrated to widely-used fibre types. Through comprehensive experimental investigations and multi-scale mechanical characterisations, the models offer a more accurate representation of fibre contributions and interactions with transverse reinforcement, enabling better predictions of stress–strain behaviour and facilitating more effective design and analysis of UHPC structural members.
Is contract farming in the Indonesian oil palm industry pro-poor?
Creators: name: Cahyadi, Eko
name: Waibel, Hermann
name: Cahyadi, Eko
name: Waibel, Hermann
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: contract farming
subject: oil palm
subject: treatment effect model
subject: poverty

description: This paper assesses the impact of contract farming in the oil palm industry in Indonesia on smallholders’ well-being and investigates its implication for poverty reduction. Data were collected randomly from 245 smallholders in the province of Jambi, Sumatra. A treatment effects model was applied in order to capture endogeneity and selection bias. Results show that participation in contract farming is significantly associated with type of household, age of household head, size of oil palm plot, and the time of plantation establishment. While overall, contract farming has a significant positive effect on smallholder income; it discriminates against the poorer smallholders. It is recommended that agro industry and government should review contractual arrangements in order to increase the chances of the poor to benefit from oil palm expansion in Indonesia.
Collisions between kinks with long-range tails: a simple and efficient method
Creators: name: Campos, João G. F.
name: Mohammadi, Azadeh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct initial configurations for the scattering between kinks with long-range tails. For this purpose, we exploit kink solutions in the presence of Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS)-preserving impurities. This approach offers a highly efficient method and effortless implementation with a negligible computational cost. Our algorithm has a much smaller complexity than the usual minimization method, becoming more than a hundred times faster in some scenarios. Consequently, conducting kink-antikink simulations becomes remarkably straightforward.
Two-dimensional randomly-frustrated spin 1/2 Heisenberg model
Creators: name: Oitmaa, J.
name: Sushkov, O. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the properties of S=1/2 Heisenberg clusters with random frustration using exact diagonalizations. This is a model for a quantum spin glass. We show that the average ground state spin is $S \propto \sqrt{N}$, where N is the number of sites. We also calculate the magnetic susceptibility and the spin stiffness and low-energy excitations, and discuss these in terms of a semiclassical picture.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables
Anisotropy-assisted magnon condensation in ferromagnetic thin films
Creators: name: Frostad, Therese
name: Pirro, Philipp
name: Serga, Alexander A.
name: Hillebrands, Burkard
name: Brataas, Arne
name: Qaiumzadeh, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically demonstrate that adding an easy-axis magnetic anisotropy facilitates magnon condensation in thin yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films. Dipolar interactions in a quasi-equilibrium state stabilize room-temperature magnon condensation in YIG. Even though the out-of-plane easy-axis anisotropy generally competes with the dipolar interactions, we show that adding such magnetic anisotropy may even assist the generation of the magnon condensate electrically via the spin transfer torque mechanism. We use analytical calculations and micromagnetic simulations to illustrate this effect. Our results may explain the recent experiment on Bi-doped YIG and open a pathway toward applying current-driven magnon condensation in quantum spintronics.
description: 5 pages + SM, 4 figures
Additional file 2: of Predator Escape: An Ecologically Realistic Scenario for the Evolutionary Origins of Multicellularity
Creators: name: Pentz, Jennifer
name: Limberg, Tami
name: Beermann, Nicholas
name: Ratcliff, William
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Laboratory studentâ s guide. Studentâ s guide for the lab that includes a detailed introduction to the concept of the transition to multicellularity, step-by-step instructions for each lesson described in the main text with tables for data entry, and discussion questions.
Liometopum bogdassarovi Heterick & Shattuck 2011, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Heterick, Brian E.
name: Shattuck, Steve
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Liometopum
Liometopum bogdassarovi

description: Liometopum bogdassarovi (Nazaraw, Bagdasaraw & Uriew), comb. nov.
 Iridomyrmex bogdassarovi Nazaraw, Bagdasaraw & Uriew, 1994: 106.
 Types. Holotype worker from Belarus (Quaternary).
 Comments. This relatively young fossil from the Quaternary period (present to 2.5mya) almost certainly belongs to the genus Liometopum rather than Iridomyrmex. The illustration of the front of the head (Nazarw et al., 1994, fig. 2a) is typical of modern Liometopum species, with small anteriorly placed eyes and a roughly cordate head capsule which is narrowed at the mandibles (although slightly more than modern species) (Del Toro et al., 2009). While the figure shows only a top view of the body, this is also consistent with general Liometopum morphology. Until a more detailed study of the actual specimen can be undertaken, it seems appropriate to transfer this species from Iridomyrmex to Liometopum.
description: Published as part of Heterick, Brian E. & Shattuck, Steve, 2011, Revision of the ant genus Iridomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 2845, pp. 1-174 in Zootaxa 2845 (1) on page 171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2845.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5287811
Exponential methods for solving hyperbolic problems with application to kinetic equations
Creators: name: Crouseilles, Nicolas
name: Einkemmer, Lukas
name: Massot, Josselin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The efficient numerical solution of many kinetic models in plasma physics is impeded by the stiffness of these systems. Exponential integrators are attractive in this context as they remove the CFL condition induced by the linear part of the system, which in practice is often the most stringent stability constraint. In the literature, these schemes have been found to perform well, e.g., for drift-kinetic problems. Despite their overall efficiency and their many favorable properties, most of the commonly used exponential integrators behave rather erratically in terms of the allowed time step size in some situations. This severely limits their utility and robustness.Our goal in this paper is to explain the observed behavior and suggest exponential methods that do not suffer from the stated deficiencies. To accomplish this we study the stability of exponential integrators for a linearized problem. This analysis shows that classic exponential integrators exhibit severe deficiencies in that regard. Based on the analysis conducted we propose to use Lawson methods, which can be shown not to suffer from the same stability issues. We confirm these results and demonstrate the efficiency of Lawson methods by performing numerical simulations for both the Vlasov-Poisson system and a drift-kinetic model of a ion temperature gradient instability.
Predicting Fatigue Crack Growth via Path Slicing and Re-Weighting
Creators: name: Zhao, Yingjie
name: Liu, Yong
name: Xu, Zhiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Predicting potential risks associated with the fatigue of key structural components is crucial in engineering design. However, fatigue often involves entangled complexities of material microstructures and service conditions, making diagnosis and prognosis of fatigue damage challenging. We report a statistical learning framework to predict the growth of fatigue cracks and the life-to-failure of the components under loading conditions with uncertainties. Digital libraries of fatigue crack patterns and the remaining life are constructed by high-fidelity physical simulations. Dimensionality reduction and neural network architectures are then used to learn the history dependence and nonlinearity of fatigue crack growth. Path-slicing and re-weighting techniques are introduced to handle the statistical noises and rare events. The predicted fatigue crack patterns are self-updated and self-corrected by the evolving crack patterns. The end-to-end approach is validated by representative examples with fatigue cracks in plates, which showcase the digital-twin scenario in real-time structural health monitoring and fatigue life prediction for maintenance management decision-making.
About the Power Spectrum Of Primordial Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: Mohammadi, Taimur
name: Malekolkalami, Behrooz
name: Ghamari, Khabat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The primordial gravitational waves (\textbf{PGW}) have been generated by inflationary amplification of the primordial (quantum) fluctuations. It is true that they have not been recorded directly so far, but their spectrum can help a lot in solving the basic puzzles of the early universe as Inflation (high) energy scale. In the present work, we give a straightforward method to calculate the spectral energy density (\textbf{SED}) of the relic gravitons different from that used in e.g. \cite{ mirza04,Latham 2005, Yuki 2006}. In our approach, the evolution equations are in terms of the scale factor (instead of conformal time) through the Lagrange formalism (instead of the transfer function). The presence of the Hubble parameter allows to calculate the power spectrum in the different dynamical regimes.
description: 6 pages, 2 figure, 1 table
Additional file 1: of Predator Escape: An Ecologically Realistic Scenario for the Evolutionary Origins of Multicellularity
Creators: name: Pentz, Jennifer
name: Limberg, Tami
name: Beermann, Nicholas
name: Ratcliff, William
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Laboratory teacherâ s guide. Teacherâ s guide for the lab that includes an overview of the lab, timeline for the lab, materials needed for the lab, detailed instructions for each lesson described in main text, additional exercises, and discussion questions for students.
Hispanic Job-Seekers outside the fields: are they discriminated?
Creators: name: Lopez Barrera, Emiliano
name: Murguia, Juan M.
name: Lopez Barrera, Emiliano
name: Murguia, Juan M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: immigration
subject: rural labor market
subject: discrimination
subject: Hispanics
subject: experimental economics

description: We investigate wage settings in an experimental labor market to measure the effect of otherwise unobservable labor market characteristics on Hispanic job-seekers’ employment and wages. Agricultural and non-agricultural labor markets were simulated by controlling the student’s answer in a questionnaire about whether he or she is working or plans to work on a farm or rural county after graduation. This paper presents evidence supporting the existence of differences in discrimination on urban and rural markets. Average predicted productvity for Hispanic males in rural market was higher than in urban labor maket, suggesting that Hispanics male job-seekers are predicted to fit better in rural activities which may imply an invisible barrier that prevents their mobility from rural to urban labor market.
Unified description of turbulent entrainment
Creators: name: van Reeuwijk, Maarten
name: Vassilicos, J. Christos
name: Craske, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a mathematical description of turbulent entrainment that is applicable to free shear problems that evolve in space, time or both. Defining the global entrainment velocity $\overline V_g$ to be the fluid motion across an isosurface of an averaged scalar, we find that for a slender flow, $\overline V_g=\overline u_ζ- \overline{D}h_t/\overline{D}t$, where $\overline D/\overline D t$ is the material derivative of the average flowfield and $\overline u_ζ$ is the average velocity perpendicular to the flow direction across the interface located at $ζ=h_t$. The description is shown to reproduce well-known results for the axisymmetric jet, the planar wake and the temporal jet, and provides a clear link between the local (small-scale) and global (integral) descriptions of turbulent entrainment. Application to unsteady jets/plumes demonstrates that, under unsteady conditions, the entrainment coefficient $α$ no longer only captures entrainment of ambient fluid, but also time-dependency effects due to the loss of self-similarity.
Paraconductivity in Carbon Nanotubes
Creators: name: Livanov, D. V.
name: Varlamov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the calculation of paraconductivity in carbon nanotubes above the superconducting transition temperature. The complex behavior of paraconductivity depending upon the tube radius, temperature and magnetic field strength is analyzed. The results are qualitatively compared with recent experimental observations in carbon nanotubes of an inherent transition to the superconducting state and pronounced thermodynamic fluctuations above $T_{c}$. The application of our results to single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes as well as ropes of nanotubes is discussed.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Air quality and obesity at older ages in China: The role of duration, severity and pollutants
Creators: name: Zhang, Nan
name: Wang, Lei
name: Zhang, Min
name: Nazroo, James
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Ecology and environmental sciences
subject: People and places
subject: Earth sciences
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Social sciences
subject: FOS: Social sciences

description: Background: Population ageing and air pollution have emerged as two of the most pressing challenges in China. However, little evidence has explored the impact of air pollution on obesity among older adults in China. Methods: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study—a nationally representative sample of middle-aged and older Chinese was linked to the air pollution data at the city level. Multilevel logistic models were fitted on obesity status among older people in relation to different air quality measures such as chronic exposures to severities of air pollution and pollutants. Results: Air pollution was positively associated with increased risks of general obesity and abdominal obesity among older adults (N = 4,364) especially for those with disability. The marginal effects of average air quality index (AQI) on obesity suggest that one standard deviation increase in AQI is associated with increased risks of central obesity by 2.8% (95%CI 1.7% 3.9%) and abdominal obesity by 6.2% (95%CI 4.4% 8.0%). The risk of chronic exposures to light (and moderate), heavy and severe pollution on obesity elevated in a graded fashion in line with the level of pollution. Durations of exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 were significantly associated with increased risk of obesity among older people in China. Conclusions: Chronic exposures to severe air pollution and certain pollutants such as PM2.5 and PM10 raise the risk of obesity among older people in China and the relationships were stronger for those with disability. Future policies that target these factors might provide a promising way of enhancing the physical health of older people.
An Accelerated-Decomposition Approach for Security-Constrained Unit Commitment with Corrective Network Reconfiguration
Creators: name: Ramesh, Arun Venkatesh
name: Li, Xingpeng
name: Hedman, Kory W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) model is used for power system day-ahead scheduling. However, current SCUC model uses a static network to deliver power and meet demand optimally. A dynamic network can provide a lower optimal cost and alleviate network congestion. However, due to the computational complexity and the lack of effective algorithms, network reconfiguration has not been included in the SCUC model yet. This paper presents a novel approach to handle the computational complexity in security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) with corrective network reconfiguration (CNR) while considering the scalability through accelerated-decomposition approach with fast screening non-critical sub-problems of SCUC-CNR. The proposed approach provides substantial computational benefits and is also applicable to SCUC. Simulation results on the IEEE 24-bus system show that the proposed methods are substantially faster without the loss in solution quality while the scalability benefits are demonstrated using larger cases: the IEEE 73-bus system, IEEE 118-bus system and Polish system.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
The product formula for Lusternik-Schnirelmann category
Creators: name: Roitberg, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55M30

description: If C=C_ϕdenotes the mapping cone of an essential phantom map ϕfrom the suspension of the Eilenberg-Mac Lane complex K=K(Z,5) to the 4-sphere S=S^4 we derive the following properties: (1) The LS category of the product of C with any n-sphere S^n is equal to 3; (2) The LS category of the product of C with itself is equal to 3, hence is strictly less than twice the LS category of C. These properties came to light in the course of an unsuccessful attempt to find, for each positive integer m, an example of a pair of 1-connected CW-complexes of finite type in the same Mislin (localization) genus with LS categories m and 2m. If ϕis such that its p-localizations are inessential for all primes p, then by the main result of [J. Roitberg, The Lusternik-Schnirelmann category of certain infinite CW-complexes, Topology 39 (2000), 95-101], the pair C_*, C where C_*= S wedge Σ^2 K, provides such an example in the case m=1.
description: Published by Algebraic and Geometric Topology at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/agt/AGTVol1/agt-1-25.abs.html Version 2: change of author's email address
The tricellular vertex-specific adhesion molecule Sidekick facilitates polarised cell intercalation during Drosophila axis extension
Creators: name: Finegan, Tara M.
name: Hervieux, Nathan
name: Nestor-Bergmann, Alexander
name: Fletcher, Alexander G.
name: Blanchard, Guy B.
name: Sanson, Bénédicte
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Research and analysis methods
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In epithelia, tricellular vertices are emerging as important sites for the regulation of epithelial integrity and function. Compared to bicellular contacts, however, much less is known. In particular, resident proteins at tricellular vertices were identified only at occluding junctions, with none known at adherens junctions (AJs). In a previous study, we discovered that in Drosophila embryos, the adhesion molecule Sidekick (Sdk), well-known in invertebrates and vertebrates for its role in the visual system, localises at tricellular vertices at the level of AJs. Here, we survey a wide range of Drosophila epithelia and establish that Sdk is a resident protein at tricellular AJs (tAJs), the first of its kind. Clonal analysis showed that two cells, rather than three cells, contributing Sdk are sufficient for tAJ localisation. Super-resolution imaging using structured illumination reveals that Sdk proteins form string-like structures at vertices. Postulating that Sdk may have a role in epithelia where AJs are actively remodelled, we analysed the phenotype of sdk null mutant embryos during Drosophila axis extension using quantitative methods. We find that apical cell shapes are abnormal in sdk mutants, suggesting a defect in tissue remodelling during convergence and extension. Moreover, adhesion at apical vertices is compromised in rearranging cells, with apical tears in the cortex forming and persisting throughout axis extension, especially at the centres of rosettes. Finally, we show that polarised cell intercalation is decreased in sdk mutants. Mathematical modelling of the cell behaviours supports the notion that the T1 transitions of polarised cell intercalation are delayed in sdk mutants, in particular in rosettes. We propose that this delay, in combination with a change in the mechanical properties of the converging and extending tissue, causes the abnormal apical cell shapes in sdk mutant embryos.