cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spectral estimation from simulations via sketching
Creators: name: Huang, Zhishen
name: Becker, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 65Z05

description: Sketching is a stochastic dimension reduction method that preserves geometric structures of data and has applications in high-dimensional regression, low rank approximation and graph sparsification. In this work, we show that sketching can be used to compress simulation data and still accurately estimate time autocorrelation and power spectral density. For a given compression ratio, the accuracy is much higher than using previously known methods. In addition to providing theoretical guarantees, we apply sketching to a molecular dynamics simulation of methanol and find that the estimate of spectral density is 90% accurate using only 10% of the data.
description: 17 pages
Probing extra dimensions through the invisible Higgs decay
Creators: name: Dominici, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the large extra dimension model of Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos and Dvali the presence of an interaction between the Ricci scalar curvature and the Higgs doublet of the Standard Model makes a light Higgs boson observable at LHC at the 5 sigma level through the fusion process pp-> W*W* +X -> Higgs, graviscalars +X -> invisible+X for the portion of the Higgs-graviscalar mixing (xi) and effective Planck mass (M_D) parameter space where channels relying on visible Higgs decays fail to achieve a 5 sigma signal. However even if the LHC has a good chance of seeing a signal, it will not be able to determine the parameters of the model with any real precision. This goal can be reached by adding the following LC measurements: gamma+missing E_T, Higgs production and decay in the visible SM-like final states and in the invisible final state.
description: 8 pages, 12 eps figures, Proceedings of the workshop Physics at LHC, 13-17 July 2004, Vienna, Austria
Additional file 1 of Emergence of distinct and heterogeneous strains of amyloid beta with advanced Alzheimer’s disease pathology in Down syndrome
Creators: name: Maxwell, Alison M.
name: Yuan, Peng
name: Rivera, Brianna M.
name: Schaaf, Wilder
name: Mladinov, Mihovil
name: Prasher, Vee P.
name: Robinson, Andrew C.
name: DeGrado, William F.
name: Condello, Carlo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Table 1. Biological data and experimental inclusion of each case.
Additional file 1 of Impact of peer-trainer leadership style on uptake of a peer led educational outreach intervention to improve tuberculosis care and outcomes in Malawi: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Ritchie, L. M. Puchalski
name: H. Mundeva
name: Lettow, Monique Van
name: S. E. Straus
name: E. Kip
name: A. Makwakwa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Interview Guide.
Children’s conceptions of agency and morality : making sense of the happy victimizer phenomenon
Creators: name: Sokol, Bryan W.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis explores a puzzling aspect of young children's reasoning about the emotional consequences associated with harming others - or what, in the moral development literature, has become known as the "happy victimizer phenomenon." Past research on this so-called "phenomenon" has consistently found a strong tendency among most 5-, but not 7-, year-olds to imagine that those who get what they want by victimizing others will experience only positive, or "happy," emotions. Despite an otherwise good showing on alternative measures of moral understanding, such young children regularly appear to leave sadness, guilt, or remorse out of the picture. The three studies reported here each provide converging evidence that this apparent "moral transition" in the early school years is, in fact, one facet of a broader re-structuring in children's evolving conceptions of human agency. Building on recent initiatives in the theories-of-mind literature, Study One explored the relations between children's understanding of the interpretive nature of the knowing process (i.e., an "interpretive theory of mind") and performance on both traditional measures of the happy victimizer phenomenon and alternative procedures designed to draw out the agentive dimensions of the standard assessment conditions. While a strong association between children's theory-of-mind scores and their level of emotion understanding was found in the traditional testing conditions, the alternative procedures demonstrated that children's emotion attributions were heavily influenced by how closely they attended to victimizers' actions. Study Two further examined these findings by more directly testing the relation between an interpretive understanding and children's reasoning about the motivational states that typically underlie others' actions. Using procedures designed to assess children's understanding of "deviant causal chains," Study Two found that an interpretive theory of mind placed important constraints on children's views about the differences between desires and intentions. Finally, Study Three worked to rule out potential reductionistic explanations of the present "agency account" by showing that children's success at reasoning simultaneously about two aspects of a stimulus event - a design feature shared by all the measures used in these studies - was a distinct, and far simpler ability, than the later-arriving agentive notions assessed in Studies One and Two.
High-accuracy first-principles determination of the structural, vibrational and thermodynamical properties of diamond, graphite, and derivatives
Creators: name: Mounet, Nicolas
name: Marzari, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structural, dynamical, and thermodynamical properties of diamond, graphite and layered derivatives (graphene, rhombohedral graphite) are computed using a combination of density-functional theory (DFT) total-energy calculations and density-functional perturbation theory (DFPT) lattice dynamics at the GGA-PBE level. Overall, very good agreement is found for the structural properties and phonon dispersions, with the exception of the c/a ratio in graphite and the associated elastic constants and phonon dispersions. Both the C_33 elastic constant and the Gamma to A phonon dispersions are brought to close agreement with available data once the experimental c/a is chosen for the calculations. The thermal expansion, the temperature dependence of the elastic moduli and the specific heat have been calculated via the quasi-harmonic approximation. Graphite shows a distinctive in-plane negative thermal-expansion coefficient that reaches the minimum around room temperature, in very good agreement with experiments. Thermal contraction in graphene is found to be three times as large; in both cases, ZA acoustic modes are shown to be responsible for the contraction, in a direct manifestation of the membrane effect predicted by Lifshitz over fifty years ago.
description: Revtex, 17 pages, 26 postscript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Vacancy defect control of colossal thermopower in FeSb2
Creators: name: Du, Qianheng
name: Wu, Lijun
name: Cao, Huibo
name: Kang, Chang-Jong
name: Nelson, Christie
name: Pascut, Gheorghe L.
name: Besara, Tiglet
name: Haule, Kristjan
name: Kotliar, Gabriel
name: Zaliznyak, Igor
name: Zhu, Yimei
name: Petrovic, Cedomir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Iron diantimonide is a material with the highest known thermoelectric power. By combining scanning transmission electron microscope study with electronic transport neutron, X-ray scattering and first principle calculation we identify atomic defects that control colossal thermopower magnitude and nanoprecipitate clusters with Sb vacancy ordering which induce additional phonon scattering and substantially reduce thermal conductivity. Defects are found to cause rather weak but important monoclinic distortion of the unit cell Pnnm to Pm. The absence of Sb along [010] for high defect concentration forms conducting path due to Fe d orbital overlap. The connection between atomic defect anisotropy and colossal thermopower in FeSb2 paves the way for the understanding and tailoring of giant thermopower in related materials.
An Algorithm for the Exact Treedepth Problem
Creators: name: Trimble, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.2.2

description: We present a novel algorithm for the minimum-depth elimination tree problem, which is equivalent to the optimal treedepth decomposition problem. Our algorithm makes use of two cheaply-computed lower bound functions to prune the search tree, along with symmetry-breaking and domination rules. We present an empirical study showing that the algorithm outperforms the current state-of-the-art solver (which is based on a SAT encoding) by orders of magnitude on a range of graph classes.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. This is an extended version of a paper to appear in the proceedings of SEA 2020. The arXiv version is the conference version plus Appendix A (a correctness proof)
Prompt $J/ψ$ photoproduction within the non-relativistic QCD framework at the CEPC
Creators: name: Zhan, Xi-Jie
name: Wang, Jian-Xiong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The prompt $J/ψ$ photoproduction within the non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD) framework at the future Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is studied, including the contributions from both direct and resolved photons. Employing different sets of long distance matrix elements, the total cross section is dominated by the color-octet channel. We present different kinematic distributions of $J/ψ$ production and the results show there will be about 50 $J/ψ$ events when the transverse momentum of $J/ψ$ is up to 20 GeV. It renders that the $J/ψ$ photoprodution at the CEPC is a well laboratory to test the NRQCD and further clarify the universality problem in NRQCD between electron positron collider and hadron collider.
Low depth mechanisms for quantum optimization
Creators: name: McClean, Jarrod R.
name: Harrigan, Matthew P.
name: Mohseni, Masoud
name: Rubin, Nicholas C.
name: Jiang, Zhang
name: Boixo, Sergio
name: Smelyanskiy, Vadim N.
name: Babbush, Ryan
name: Neven, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: One of the major application areas of interest for both near-term and fault-tolerant quantum computers is the optimization of classical objective functions. In this work, we develop intuitive constructions for a large class of these algorithms based on connections to simple dynamics of quantum systems, quantum walks, and classical continuous relaxations. We focus on developing a language and tools connected with kinetic energy on a graph for understanding the physical mechanisms of success and failure to guide algorithmic improvement. This physical language, in combination with uniqueness results related to unitarity, allow us to identify some potential pitfalls from kinetic energy fundamentally opposing the goal of optimization. This is connected to effects from wavefunction confinement, phase randomization, and shadow defects lurking in the objective far away from the ideal solution. As an example, we explore the surprising deficiency of many quantum methods in solving uncoupled spin problems and how this is both predictive of performance on some more complex systems while immediately suggesting simple resolutions. Further examination of canonical problems like the Hamming ramp or bush of implications show that entanglement can be strictly detrimental to performance results from the underlying mechanism of solution in approaches like QAOA. Kinetic energy and graph Laplacian perspectives provide new insights to common initialization and optimal solutions in QAOA as well as new methods for more effective layerwise training. Connections to classical methods of continuous extensions, homotopy methods, and iterated rounding suggest new directions for research in quantum optimization. Throughout, we unveil many pitfalls and mechanisms in quantum optimization using a physical perspective, which aim to spur the development of novel quantum optimization algorithms and refinements.
Additional file 2 of Emergence of distinct and heterogeneous strains of amyloid beta with advanced Alzheimer’s disease pathology in Down syndrome
Creators: name: Maxwell, Alison M.
name: Yuan, Peng
name: Rivera, Brianna M.
name: Schaaf, Wilder
name: Mladinov, Mihovil
name: Prasher, Vee P.
name: Robinson, Andrew C.
name: DeGrado, William F.
name: Condello, Carlo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2. Supplementary Figures 1 through 4.
The Potential of Cacao Agribusiness for Poverty Alleviation in West Sumatra
Creators: name: Hasnah
name: Fleming, Euan M.
name: Villano, Renato A.
name: Patrick, Ian
name: Hasnah
name: Fleming, Euan M.
name: Villano, Renato A.
name: Patrick, Ian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: International Development
subject: agribusiness economics and management
subject: international development
subject: farm management.

description: The cacao industry has played an important role in terms of export earnings and employment opportunities in Indonesia since 1980s. It is the main source of income for more than one million smallholder farmers in Indonesia, who are considered poor. Most planted areas of cacao are in Eastern Indonesia; however, cacao production has developed in Western Indonesia recently, with West Sumatra designated as the area of central production. Due to the importance of cacao industry in the Indonesian economy, there is a big opportunity to explore the potential of the industry in poverty alleviation. The study uses the participatory impact pathway analysis (PIPA) method. It is a new approach to formulate a development strategy and policies proposed by the Institutional Learning and Change. This approach is used because it: (1) covers impact analysis in order to investigate the potential contribution of cacao agribusiness development to poverty alleviation, which is not covered by other participatory approaches; and (2) can be used to identify stakeholders‟ relationships for cacao agribusiness development. The use of PIPA in this study involves various tools: a participatory workshop, surveys and semi-structured interviews. Problems facing the cacao industry were identified through the workshop, including low yields and price and price instability. Lack of knowledge by farmers of agronomic practices and low quality of seedlings were considered to be the main causes of low yields by the participants. Low price of cacao beans was thought to be mainly caused by low quality of cacao beans while lack of cooperation between farmers and the village cooperative and lack of a farmers‟ association were considered to be the main factors affecting price instability. Farmer survey data results show slightly different priorities from the workshop. Most cacao farmers disagreed on the problem of low yields and low price of cacao beans but a high proportion agreed on the problem of price instability and confirmed that cacao farmers face a problem of low quality of cacao beans. Most farmers do not know the cause of price instability, while improper fermentation was agreed as the main factor causing the low quality of cacao beans.
Addressing the wicked problem of water resource management: An ecosystem services approach
Creators: name: Hearnshaw, Edward J.S.
name: Tompkins, Jean-Marie
name: Cullen, Ross
name: Hearnshaw, Edward J.S.
name: Tompkins, Jean-Marie
name: Cullen, Ross
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Ecosystem services
subject: ecosystem services index
subject: graph analysis
subject: integrated water resource management
subject: multi-criteria analysis
subject: sustainability
subject: wicked problems

description: This paper develops a systematic assessment of the sustainability of ecosystem services provided by rivers impacted by water storage projects. Given the conflicting preferences amongst stakeholders and the incomplete, uncertain and contradictory understanding about river ecology it is recognized that managing water resources sustainably is a wicked problem. In order to address this wicked problem, the methods of multi-criteria analysis and graph analysis are applied, in accordance with integrated water resource management, to assess the potential of investing in water storage projects and explore for sustainable solutions through the construction of an ecosystem services index.
The Global Supply and Demand for Agricultural Land in 2050: A Perfect Storm in the Making?
Creators: name: Hertel, Thomas W.
name: Hertel, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The number of people which the world must feed is expected to increase by another 2 billion people by 2050. When coupled with significant nutritional improvements for the 2.1 billion people currently living on less than $2/day, this translates into a very substantial rise in the demand for agricultural production. Most past growth in the demand for food has been met by improvements in productivity, but there is evidence of declining growth rates for agricultural yields; climate-change is likely to have important impacts on productivity through changes in temperature and precipitation; land-based climate mitigation policies are also projected to lead to increasing pressure on agricultural lands. Meanwhile supplies of water for irrigation are under pressure, urban land use is on the rise, and demands for setting aside land for environmental purposes continue to increase. Clearly, an enormous amount of additional research on ways to deal with this potential “perfect storm” is needed. This paper highlights the explores the roles of biophysical and economic uncertainty in these projections of long run land use change, using this to suggest a future research agenda.
The Low- and Intermediate-Mass Stellar Population in the Small Magellanic Cloud: The Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae
Creators: name: Villaver, Eva
name: Stanghellini, Letizia
name: Shaw, Richard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study on the central stars (CSs) of Planetary Nebulae (PNe) observed in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph instrument on-board the HST. The stellar magnitudes have been measured using broad-band photometry, and Zanstra analysis of the nebulae provided the stellar temperatures. From the location of the CSs on the HR diagram, and by comparing the observed CSs with current models of stellar evolution, we infer the CSs masses. We examine closely the possibility of light contamination in the bandpass from an unrecognized stellar companion, and we establish strong constraints on the existence and nature of any binary companion. We find an average mass of 0.63 Msun, which is similar to the mass obtained for a sample of CSs in the LMC (0.65 Msun). However, the SMC and LMC CS mass distributions differ slightly, the SMC sample lacking an intermediate-mass stellar population (0.65 to 0.75 Msun). We discuss the significance and possible reasons for the difference between the two mass distributions. In particular, we consider the differences in the star formation history between the clouds and the mass-loss rate dependence on metallicity.
description: 30 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables. To be published in ApJ (October 20)
Odd viscosity in active matter: microscopic origin and 3D effects
Creators: name: Markovich, Tomer
name: Lubensky, Tom C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In common fluids, viscosity is associated with dissipation. However, when time-reversal-symmetry is broken a new type of non-dissipative `viscosity' may emerge. Recent theories and experiments on classical 2D systems with active spinning particles have heightened interest in odd viscosity, but a microscopic theory for it in active materials is still absent. Here we present such first-principles microscopic Hamiltonian theory, valid for both 2D and 3D, showing that odd viscosity is present in any system, equilibrium or not, with aligned spinning components. Our work substantially extends the applicability of odd viscosity into 3D fluids, and specifically to internally driven active materials, such as living matter (e.g., actomyosin gels). We find intriguing 3D effects of odd viscosity such as propagation of anisotropic bulk shear waves and breakdown of Bernoulli's principle.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 5 of Acute conversion of patient-derived Duchenne muscular dystrophy iPSC into myotubes reveals constitutive and inducible over-activation of TGFβ-dependent pro-fibrotic signaling
Creators: name: Caputo, Luca
name: Granados, Alice
name: Lenzi, Jessica
name: Rosa, Alessandro
name: Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane
name: Puri, Pier Lorenzo
name: Albini, Sonia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 5: Figure S5. Pro-fibrotic gene activation in differentiated human myoblasts following electrical pacing.
Comparative marketing performance between the Peruvian Cooperatives and the Intermediaries: Acopagro cooperative vs. Intermediaries- a Case Study
Creators: name: Higuchi, Angie
name: Moritaka, Masahiro
name: Fukuda, Susumu
name: Higuchi, Angie
name: Moritaka, Masahiro
name: Fukuda, Susumu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Acopagro cooperative
subject: Peruvian jungle
subject: intermediaries
subject: cocoa
subject: price
subject: agri-marketing channel
subject: marketing channel.

description: In the Peruvian jungle, there are two main cocoa marketing channels: the intermediaries and the cooperative. For example, the Acopagro Cooperative, a Peruvian organization, has contributed to the shift from illegal crops like coca to an alternative crop like cocoa which gives small scale farmers a sustainable welfare. Despite the fact that the Acopagro cooperative benefits their members by paying a fair price, supplying technical assistance and credit, many farmers still prefer commercializing their cocoa via the intermediaries. A further analysis of cocoa prices was carried out through personal interviews and a survey made between December 2009 and January 2010, of 243 farmers in Juanjui, San Martin, Peru's main cocoa production area. The outcomes demonstrate that there is not so much difference between the cocoa price that the farmers receive from the Cooperative versus through the intermediaries. The main difference is that Acopagro cooperative divides its surplus income among its members at the end of each fiscal year. These results are consistent with previous analysis1 that proved participant farmers are better paid for their product than non-participants. Moreover, there are significant differences in the agri-marketing functions performed by each marketing channel. Farmers who prefer to commercialize via the intermediaries do not choose this marketing channel mainly due to their desire to be independent in the market or their low cocoa production. Because high economies of scale are required for large volumes of produce, the cooperative should attract small scale farmers who distribute cocoa through intermediaries to become Acopagro members in order to satisfy international market demands.
Superfluid Interfaces in Quantum Solids
Creators: name: Burovski, Evgeni
name: Kozik, Evgeni
name: Kuklov, Anatoly
name: Prokof'ev, Nikolay
name: Svistunov, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One scenario for the non-classical moment of inertia of solid He-4 discovered by Kim and Chan [Nature 427, 225 (2004)] is the superfluidity of micro-crystallite interfaces. On the basis of the most simple model of a quantum crystal--the checkerboard lattice solid--we show that the superfluidity of interfaces between solid domains can exist in a wide range of parameters. At strong enough inter-particle interaction, a superfluid interface becomes an insulator via a quantum phase transition. Under the conditions of particle-hole symmetry, the transition is of the standard U(1) universality class in 3D, while in 2D the onset of superfluidity is accompanied by the interface roughening, driven by fractionally charged topological excitations.
description: 4 revtex4 pages
Frustration-induced anomalous transport and strong photon decay in waveguide QED
Creators: name: Belyansky, Ron
name: Whitsitt, Seth
name: Lundgren, Rex
name: Wang, Yidan
name: Vrajitoarea, Andrei
name: Houck, Andrew A.
name: Gorshkov, Alexey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the propagation of photons in a one-dimensional environment consisting of two non-interacting species of photons frustratingly coupled to a single spin-1/2. The ultrastrong frustrated coupling leads to an extreme mixing of the light and matter degrees of freedom, resulting in the disintegration of the spin and a breakdown of the "dressed-spin", or polaron, description. Using a combination of numerical and analytical methods, we show that the elastic response becomes increasingly weak at the effective spin frequency, showing instead an increasingly strong and broadband response at higher energies. We also show that the photons can decay into multiple photons of smaller energies. The total probability of these inelastic processes can be as large as the total elastic scattering rate, or half of the total scattering rate, which is as large as it can be. The frustrated spin induces strong anisotropic photon-photon interactions that are dominated by inter-species interactions. Our results are relevant to state-of-the-art circuit and cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments.
description: 5+13 pages, 3 + 6 figures. v3: close to published version
Additional file 1 of Are EMS bypass policies effective implementation strategies for intravenous alteplase for stroke?
Creators: name: Harris, Alex H. S.
name: Barreto, Nicolas B.
name: Trickey, Amber W.
name: Bereknyei, Sylvia
name: Meng, Tong
name: Wagner, Todd H.
name: Prasanthi Govindarajan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1:. Supplemental File A
Modelling cost-effective air pollution abatement: a multi-period linear programming approach
Creators: name: Hohnen, Laura
name: Godden, David P.
name: Balding, Jeremy
name: Adams, David L.
name: Hohnen, Laura
name: Godden, David P.
name: Balding, Jeremy
name: Adams, David L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Improvements in air quality for some criteria pollutants in Sydney, Wollongong and the Lower Hunter have been achieved, whilst further improvements are required for others.
Additional file 11 of Invasive growth of Aspergillus oryzae in rice koji and increase of nuclear number
Creators: name: Yasui, Mizuki
name: Oda, Ken
name: Masuo, Shunsuke
name: Hosoda, Shuji
name: Katayama, Takuya
name: Jun-Ichi Maruyama
name: Takaya, Naoki
name: Takeshita, Norio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 11. Figure S3. Images of nuclei in A. oryzae hyphae grown in koji.
Additional file 1 of Growth, respiratory activity and chlorpyrifos biodegradation in cultures of Azotobacter vinelandii ATCC 12837
Creators: name: Conde-Avila, Victoria
name: Peña, Carlos
name: Pérez-Armendáriz, Beatriz
name: Loera, Octavio
name: Martínez Valenzuela, Carmen
name: Leyva Morales, José Belisario
name: Jesús Bastidas Bastidas, Pedro de
name: Salgado-Lugo, Holjes
name: Ortega Martínez, Luis Daniel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Tandem MS conditions.
Additional file 4 of Acute conversion of patient-derived Duchenne muscular dystrophy iPSC into myotubes reveals constitutive and inducible over-activation of TGFβ-dependent pro-fibrotic signaling
Creators: name: Caputo, Luca
name: Granados, Alice
name: Lenzi, Jessica
name: Rosa, Alessandro
name: Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane
name: Puri, Pier Lorenzo
name: Albini, Sonia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 4: Figure S4. Pharmacological inhibition of SMAD signaling.
Critical Impact of Social Networks Infodemic on Defeating Coronavirus COVID-19 Pandemic: Twitter-Based Study and Research Directions
Creators: name: Mourad, Azzam
name: Srour, Ali
name: Harmanani, Haidar
name: Jenainatiy, Cathia
name: Arafeh, Mohamad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: News creation and consumption has been changing since the advent of social media. An estimated 2.95 billion people in 2019 used social media worldwide. The widespread of the Coronavirus COVID-19 resulted with a tsunami of social media. Most platforms were used to transmit relevant news, guidelines and precautions to people. According to WHO, uncontrolled conspiracy theories and propaganda are spreading faster than the COVID-19 pandemic itself, creating an infodemic and thus causing psychological panic, misleading medical advises, and economic disruption. Accordingly, discussions have been initiated with the objective of moderating all COVID-19 communications, except those initiated from trusted sources such as the WHO and authorized governmental entities. This paper presents a large-scale study based on data mined from Twitter. Extensive analysis has been performed on approximately one million COVID-19 related tweets collected over a period of two months. Furthermore, the profiles of 288,000 users were analyzed including unique users profiles, meta-data and tweets context. The study noted various interesting conclusions including the critical impact of the (1) exploitation of the COVID-19 crisis to redirect readers to irrelevant topics and (2) widespread of unauthentic medical precautions and information. Further data analysis revealed the importance of using social networks in a global pandemic crisis by relying on credible users with variety of occupations, content developers and influencers in specific fields. In this context, several insights and findings have been provided while elaborating computing and non-computing implications and research directions for potential solutions and social networks management strategies during crisis periods.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, Journal Article
Weakly complete axiomatization of exogenous quantum propositional logic
Creators: name: Mateus, P.
name: Sernadas, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 03G12

description: A weakly complete finitary axiomatization for EQPL (exogenous quantum propositional logic) is presented. The proof is carried out using a non trivial extension of the Fagin-Halpern-Megiddo technique together with three Henkin style completions.
description: 28 pages
Corner solutions in the allocation of environmental water: an application of inframarginal economics
Creators: name: Hone, Simon
name: Hone, Simon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Inframarginal economics is a combination of marginal and total cost-benefit analysis (across corner solutions). It has been applied extensively in analysing trade issues, however, there have been few environmental applications. While there is debate over the contribution of inframarginal economics to the analysis of aggregate economic phenomena, inframarginal economics is central to understanding agent-level decisions. This paper applies inframarginal methods to investigate the efficient allocation of water among ecosystems. The Australian Government is acquiring billions of dollars of water for environmental uses through a number of programs. Allocating this water efficiently will require information on preferences and environmental production functions, as well as the development of analytical frameworks capable of examining corner solutions. Within a general inframarginal framework, this paper investigates the conditions under which corner solutions are likely to be efficient. In particular, corner solutions may arise when environmental production functions are convex but are also possible under ‘well behaved’ functions.
Constraining the local radiation field and the grain size distribution in dust SED modelling of dwarf galaxies
Creators: name: Galliano, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present a simple self-consistent dust spectral energy distribution (SED) model that has been applied to fit the well-sampled observed UV-to-radio SED of four nearby starbursting dwarf galaxies. The main originality of this model is that numerous multi-wavelength observations, from UV to millimeter (mm), constrain in a self-consistent manner, both the local radiation field and the grain size distribution. I finally present the results of our model and discuss the average dust properties in these dwarf galaxies.
description: 8 pages; presented at "The Spectral Energy Distribution of Gas Rich Galaxies", Heidelberg (Germany), October 2004 To be published in The Spectral Energy Distribution of Gas Rich Galaxies, ed. C. Popescu & R. Tuffs (Melville: AIP), in press
Establishing and managing the environmental water reserve – the interaction between different government policies
Creators: name: Horne, Avril
name: Freebairn, John W.
name: O'Donnell, Erin
name: Horne, Avril
name: Freebairn, John W.
name: O'Donnell, Erin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Environmental water
subject: water markets
subject: instream flows
subject: sustainable diversion limits (SDLs)

description: Policy to protect river ecosystems has changed rapidly in Australia and the mechanisms to both establish and manage environmental water are still evolving. Policy has moved from providing a fixed environmental target (albeit varying between years) to one in which the environment can actively participate in the market, with the possibility of better fulfilling variable water requirements. However, the inherent nature of the Sustainable Diversion Limit (SDL), established under the Water Act 2007, is that it represents a fixed allocation to the environment. This paper considers the interaction the new SDL for the Murray Darling Basin and potential issues arising from the interaction with the government buyback initiative. While both the SDL and buyback have been discussed extensively, the interaction between the two policies has received little debate. Pairing these two policy initiatives will have implications for the flexibility of an environmental water reserve (EWR) and the ability for ongoing trade between the environment and consumptive water users. Our position is that the SDL, or preferably rules based water, should reflect an absolute minimum limit on environmental water requirements, while the buyback should provide the EWR with tradable water rights with the flexibility to respond to shifts in the environmental water demand curve by providing environmental water over and above the SDL. If both a buyback and minimum flow rules are in place, the SDL will provide little additional benefits but increase administrative costs and reduce flexibility. This has significant implications for the way the SDL and buyback strategy are structured.
A universal relationship between magnetization and local structure changes below the ferromagnetic transition in La_{1-x}Ca_xMnO_3; evidence for magnetic dimers
Creators: name: Downward, L.
name: Bridges, F.
name: Bushart, S.
name: Neumeier, J. J.
name: Dilley, N.
name: Zhou, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present extensive X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) measurements on La_{1-x}Ca_xMnO_3 as a function of B-field (to 11T) and Ca concentration, x (21-45%). These results reveal local structure changes (associated with polaron formation) that depend only on the magnetization for a given sample, irrespective of whether the magnetization is achieved through a decrease in temperature or an applied magnetic field. Furthermore, the relationship between local structure and magnetization depends on the hole doping. A model is proposed in which a filamentary magnetization initially develops via the aggregation of pairs of Mn atoms involving a hole and an electron site. These pairs have little distortion and it is likely that they pre-form at temperatures above T_c.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures (1 with 2 parts) -- v2. new data added (updated figures); discussion expanded
Additional file 10 of Invasive growth of Aspergillus oryzae in rice koji and increase of nuclear number
Creators: name: Yasui, Mizuki
name: Oda, Ken
name: Masuo, Shunsuke
name: Hosoda, Shuji
name: Katayama, Takuya
name: Jun-Ichi Maruyama
name: Takaya, Naoki
name: Takeshita, Norio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 10. Figure S2. Heatmap of gene expression in glycolysis, TCA cycle and electron transport chain.
Economically optimal management strategies for the South Georgia Patagonian toothfish fishery
Creators: name: Hoshino, Eriko
name: Hillary, Richard M.
name: Hoshino, Eriko
name: Hillary, Richard M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: bioeconomic model
subject: fisheries
subject: Patagonian toothfish
subject: management strategy evaluation

description: The fishery for Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) around the island of South Georgia in the Southern Ocean is a profitable operation targeting a high-value, slow-growing species. We substituted the complex Bayesian age-structured model currently used for assessments with a Schaefer production model, which performs equally well as an operating model for management strategy evaluation. A number of potential effort reduction strategies are investigated, several of which would achieve better conservation objectives and higher future profits from the fishery than those predicted using the current management strategy. The article also discusses the applicability of this approach to the Australian sub-Antarctic fisheries targeting the stocks of D. eleginoides.
Domain-Specific Language Model Pretraining for Biomedical Natural Language Processing
Creators: name: Gu, Yu
name: Tinn, Robert
name: Cheng, Hao
name: Lucas, Michael
name: Usuyama, Naoto
name: Liu, Xiaodong
name: Naumann, Tristan
name: Gao, Jianfeng
name: Poon, Hoifung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Pretraining large neural language models, such as BERT, has led to impressive gains on many natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, most pretraining efforts focus on general domain corpora, such as newswire and Web. A prevailing assumption is that even domain-specific pretraining can benefit by starting from general-domain language models. In this paper, we challenge this assumption by showing that for domains with abundant unlabeled text, such as biomedicine, pretraining language models from scratch results in substantial gains over continual pretraining of general-domain language models. To facilitate this investigation, we compile a comprehensive biomedical NLP benchmark from publicly-available datasets. Our experiments show that domain-specific pretraining serves as a solid foundation for a wide range of biomedical NLP tasks, leading to new state-of-the-art results across the board. Further, in conducting a thorough evaluation of modeling choices, both for pretraining and task-specific fine-tuning, we discover that some common practices are unnecessary with BERT models, such as using complex tagging schemes in named entity recognition (NER). To help accelerate research in biomedical NLP, we have released our state-of-the-art pretrained and task-specific models for the community, and created a leaderboard featuring our BLURB benchmark (short for Biomedical Language Understanding & Reasoning Benchmark) at https://aka.ms/BLURB.
description: ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare (HEALTH)
An introduction to regular categories
Creators: name: Gran, Marino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18E08, 18E13, 08B05, 1802, 18A32

description: This paper provides a short introduction to the notion of regular category and its use in categorical algebra. We first prove some of its basic properties, and consider some fundamental algebraic examples. We then analyse the algebraic properties of the categories satisfying the additional Mal'tsev axiom, and then the weaker Goursat axiom. These latter contexts can be seen as the categorical counterparts of the properties of $2$-permutability and of $3$-permutability of congruences in universal algebra. Mal'tsev and Goursat categories have been intensively studied in the last years: we present here some of their basic properties, which are useful to read more advanced texts in categorical algebra.
description: 27 pages, lecture notes of a mini-course given at the Summer School in Algebra and Topology held at the Institut de Recherche en Math\'ematique et Physique of the Universit\'e catholique de Louvain, 11th-14th September 2019
Inflecting when there's no majority: Limitations of encoder-decoder neural networks as cognitive models for German plurals
Creators: name: McCurdy, Kate
name: Goldwater, Sharon
name: Lopez, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Can artificial neural networks learn to represent inflectional morphology and generalize to new words as human speakers do? Kirov and Cotterell (2018) argue that the answer is yes: modern Encoder-Decoder (ED) architectures learn human-like behavior when inflecting English verbs, such as extending the regular past tense form -(e)d to novel words. However, their work does not address the criticism raised by Marcus et al. (1995): that neural models may learn to extend not the regular, but the most frequent class -- and thus fail on tasks like German number inflection, where infrequent suffixes like -s can still be productively generalized. To investigate this question, we first collect a new dataset from German speakers (production and ratings of plural forms for novel nouns) that is designed to avoid sources of information unavailable to the ED model. The speaker data show high variability, and two suffixes evince 'regular' behavior, appearing more often with phonologically atypical inputs. Encoder-decoder models do generalize the most frequently produced plural class, but do not show human-like variability or 'regular' extension of these other plural markers. We conclude that modern neural models may still struggle with minority-class generalization.
description: To appear at ACL 2020