Thorectinae
Creators: name: Sandes, Joana
name: Muricy, Guilherme
name: Pinheiro, Ulisses
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Dictyoceratida
Thorectidae

description: Key to species of Thorectinae from Tropical Western Atlantic Ocean
1 Dermis armoured...................................................................................... 2
- Dermis unarmoured.................................................................................... 3
2 Globular or club shaped, 1–2 large apical oscules with deep atria, smooth or rugose surface, with irregular openings.............................................................................................. Thorecta atlantica
- Fig- or pear-shaped, single apical oscula without atrium, sub-equatorial belt of smaller oscules, conulose surface............................................................................................ Thorecta cincta n. comb.
3 Both primary and secondary fibers uncored................................................................ 4
- Primary or secondary fibers cored by foreign debris.......................................................... 9
4 Conulose surface, originated by the primary fibers ends, without connection between them........................... 5
- Honeycomb pattern of ridges resting on fibers at the surface, semi-incrusting to massive shape, yellow oscules, usually on top of mounds, and drab to light brown color in vivo ............................................. Smenospongia aurea
5 Primary fibers with a pith.............................................................................. 6
- Primary fibers without a pith............................................................................ 7
6 Processes outgrowth from a massive base or elongate cushion shaped, oscules with elevated rim on top, externally black color and internally gray color............................................................... Smenospongia echina
- Ramose shape, without a massive base and dark brown color................................. Smenospongia ramosa
7 Stalked, sub-flabellate shaped with tubular oscules........................................ Smenospongia musicalis
- Without a stalk........................................................................................ 8
8 Conical to cushion-shaped, externally olive-brown to black color and internally gray to cream color, mucous and sticky...................................................................................... Smenospongia conulosa
- Rounded to conical form, surface with parallel longitudinal ridges, composed by sharp conules with deep valleys between them, and black color in vivo...................................................... Smenospongia cerebriformis
9 Secondary fibers heavily cored.......................................................................... 10
- Secondary fibers uncored............................................................................... 12
10 Dark purple color in spirit or purplish to brownish color in vivo ................................................ 11
- Black color outside and cream color inside, cake-shaped, with protruding lobes and oscules on top of it, surface with honey- comb patter of fiber endings................................................................. Hyrtios proteus
11 Irregular shape, composed by masses of interconnected repent fingers or blunt ridges with slightly elevated oscules on top, purplish to brownish color and exudate a purple ink after collection................................ Hyrtios violaceus
- Lobate shape, irregularly massive, hard consistency and dark purple color in spirit.................. Hyrtios caracasensis
12 Primary fibers strongly fasciculate throughout sponge, prominent central exhalant canals, heavy dermal collagen........ 13
- Primary fibers not strongly fasciculate (but a few subsurface fascicles may occur), low forms and low to moderate collagen deposition......................................................................................... 14
13 Funnel- to cup- shaped, surface conulose............................................... Fasciospongia caliculata
- Pedunculate form to fig-shaped, with a large terminal oscule, and honeycombed surface......... Fasciospongia retiformis
14 Secondary fiber skeleton well-developed.................................................................. 15
- Primary and secondary fibers in approximately equal proportion............................................... 16
15 Massive to rounded shape, oscules flush with the surface, large and spaced conules............... Cacospongia amorpha
- Massive shape, surface smooth, hard consistency and black external color in ethanol.................. Cacospongia levis
16 Encrusting shape to cushion-shaped, tubular oscules, microconulose surface.............. Scalarispongia tubulata sp. nov.
- Massive to lobate shape, with digitiform projections and irregular surface.................. Scalarispongia cooki sp. nov.
description: Published as part of Sandes, Joana, Muricy, Guilherme & Pinheiro, Ulisses, 2016, Thorectinae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida) from Northeastern Brazil: two new species and transfer of Scalarispongia cincta (Boury-Esnault, 1973) to the genus Thorecta Lendenfeld, 1888, pp. 158-170 in Zootaxa 4184 (1) on pages 168-169, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/164560