title: Longitudinal Retinal Changes in MOGAD
Creators: name: Oertel, Frederike Cosima
name: Sotirchos, Elias S.
name: Zimmermann, Hanna G.
name: Motamedi, Seyedamirhosein
name: Specovius, Svenja
name: Asseyer, Eva Susanna
name: Chien, Claudia
name: Cook, Lawrence
name: Vasileiou, Eleni
name: Filippatou, Angeliki
name: Calabresi, Peter A.
name: Saidha, Shiv
name: Pandit, Lekha
name: D'Cunha, Anitha
name: Outteryck, Olivier
name: Zéphir, Hélène
name: Pittock, Sean
name: Flanagan, Eoin P.
name: Bhatti, M. Tariq
name: Rommer, Paulus S.
name: Bsteh, Gabriel
name: Zrzavy, Tobias
name: Kuempfel, Tania
name: Aktas, Orhan
name: Ringelstein, Marius
name: Albrecht, Philipp
name: Ayzenberg, Ilya
name: Pakeerathan, Thivya
name: Knier, Benjamin
name: Aly, Lilian
name: Asgari, Nasrin
name: Soelberg, Kerstin
name: Marignier, Romain
name: Tilikete, Caroline Froment
name: Cobo Calvo, Alvaro
name: Villoslada, Pablo
name: Sanchez‐Dalmau, Bernardo
name: Martinez‐Lapiscina, Elena H.
name: Llufriu, Sara
name: Green, Ari J.
name: Yeaman, Michael R.
name: Smith, Terry J.
name: Brandt, Alexander U.
name: Chen, John
name: Paul, Friedemann
name: Havla, Joachim
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD)
subject: Optic neuritis (ON)
subject: Retinal atrophy
subject: Optical coherence tomography (OCT)
subject: Neuroaxonal damage
classificationCode: 610
subject: Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objective: Patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-IgG)-associated disease (MOGAD) suffer from severe optic neuritis (ON) leading to retinal neuro-axonal loss, which can be quantified by optical coherence tomography (OCT). We assessed whether ON-independent retinal atrophy can be detected in MOGAD. Methods: Eighty patients with MOGAD and 139 healthy controls (HCs) were included. OCT data was acquired with (1) Spectralis spectral domain OCT (MOGAD: N = 66 and HCs: N = 103) and (2) Cirrus high-definition OCT (MOGAD: N = 14 and HCs: N = 36). Macular combined ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) were quantified. Results: At baseline, GCIPL and pRNFL were lower in MOGAD eyes with a history of ON (MOGAD-ON) compared with MOGAD eyes without a history of ON (MOGAD-NON) and HCs (p &lt; 0.001). MOGAD-NON eyes had lower GCIPL volume compared to HCs (p &lt; 0.001) in the Spectralis, but not in the Cirrus cohort. Longitudinally (follow-up up to 3 years), MOGAD-ON with ON within the last 6-12 months before baseline exhibited greater pRNFL thinning than MOGAD-ON with an ON greater than 12 months ago (p &lt; 0.001). The overall MOGAD cohort did not exhibit faster GCIPL thinning compared with the HC cohort. Interpretation: Our study suggests the absence of attack-independent retinal damage in patients with MOGAD. Yet, ongoing neuroaxonal damage or edema resolution seems to occur for up to 12 months after ON, which is longer than what has been reported with other ON forms. These findings support that the pathomechanisms underlying optic nerve involvement and the evolution of OCT retinal changes after ON is distinct in patients with MOGAD.