cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Surface waves in solar granulation observed with {\sc Sunrise}
Creators: name: Roth, M.
name: Franz, M.
name: González, N. Bello
name: Pillet, V. Martínez
name: Bonet, J. A.
name: Gandorfer, A.
name: Barthol, P.
name: Solanki, S. K.
name: Berkefeld, T.
name: Schmidt, W.
name: Iniesta, J. C. del Toro
name: Domingo, V.
name: Knölker, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar oscillations are expected to be excited by turbulent flows in the intergranular lanes near the solar surface. Time series recorded by the IMaX instrument aboard the {\sc Sunrise} observatory reveal solar oscillations at high resolution, which allow studying the properties of oscillations with short wavelengths. We analyze two times series with synchronous recordings of Doppler velocity and continuum intensity images with durations of 32\thinspace min and 23\thinspace min, resp., recorded close to the disk center of the Sun to study the propagation and excitation of solar acoustic oscillations. In the Doppler velocity data, both the standing acoustic waves and the short-lived, high-degree running waves are visible. The standing waves are visible as temporary enhancements of the amplitudes of the large-scale velocity field due to the stochastic superposition of the acoustic waves. We focus on the high-degree small-scale waves by suitable filtering in the Fourier domain. Investigating the propagation and excitation of $f$- and $p_1$-modes with wave numbers $k > 1.4$\thinspace 1/Mm we find that also exploding granules contribute to the excitation of solar $p$-modes in addition to the contribution of intergranular lanes.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, to appear in a special volume on Sunrise in Astrophysical Journal Letters
State preparation of AGP on a quantum computer without number projection
Creators: name: Khamoshi, Armin
name: Dutta, Rishab
name: Scuseria, Gustavo E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The antisymmetrized geminal power (AGP) is equivalent to the number projected Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (PBCS) wavefunction. It is also an elementary symmetric polynomial (ESP) state. We generalize previous research on deterministically implementing the Dicke state to a state preparation algorithm for an ESP state, or equivalently AGP, on a quantum computer. Our method is deterministic and has polynomial cost, and it does not rely on number symmetry breaking and restoration. We also show that our circuit is equivalent to a disentangled unitary paired coupled cluster operator and a layer of unitary Jastrow operator acting on a single Slater determinant. The method presented herein highlights the ability of disentangled unitary coupled cluster to capture non-trivial entanglement properties that are hardly accessible with traditional Hartree-Fock based electronic structure methods.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, manuscript revised
The Right to Dignity of the Surrogate Mother
Creators: name: Sinanaj, Nensi
Publisher: name: University of Bologna Law Review
Year: 2022

description: This article explores a different perspective on the right to dignity of the surrogate mother in commercial surrogacy arrangements under international human rights norms and philosophical principles. Here, I examine the concept of human dignity under the lenses of contemporary legal theory reflecting on the right to self-determination of the surrogate mother. This dignity-based approach serves for analysing how International Human Rights Law enables women to enter commercial surrogacy agreements on the basis of their contractual freedom, their reproductive rights, on the prohibition of non-discrimination and their labour rights. Under the lenses of economics and law, I examine how this practice carries the potential to empower the economic emancipation of women and their access to the labour market. Dignity as rights-constraining will reflect on the other side of surrogacy. I investigate the exploitative character of this practice and how it could present human rights abuses for the surrogate mother. Specifically, I focus my analysis on how surrogacy contracts could violate the bodily autonomy of the surrogate and potentially maintain gender inequality and reinforce gender stereotypes. After recognizing certain concerning aspects of individual surrogacy arrangements, I question whether outlawing surrogacy is the right response to this practice.
description: University of Bologna Law Review, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2021)
Additional file 2 of Integrative approach for detecting membrane proteins
Creators: name: Alballa, Munira
name: Butler, Gregory
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2. Detailed performance of five-fold, and ten-fold cross-validation
Transient Foreshock Structures Upstream of Mars: Implications of the Small Martian Bow Shock
Creators: name: Madanian, H.
name: Omidi, N.
name: Sibeck, D. G.
name: Andersson, L.
name: Ramstad, R.
name: Xu, S.
name: Gruesbeck, J. R.
name: Schwartz, S. J.
name: Frahm, R. A.
name: Brain, D. A.
name: Kajdic, P.
name: Eparvier, F. G.
name: Mitchell, D. L.
name: Curry, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterize the nature of magnetic structures in the foreshock region of Mars associated with discontinuities in the solar wind. The structures form at the upstream edge of moving foreshocks caused by slow rotations in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The solar wind plasma density and the IMF strength noticeably decrease inside the structures' core, and a compressional shock layer is present at their sunward side, making them consistent with foreshock bubbles (FBs). Ion populations responsible for these structures include backstreaming ions that only appear within the moving foreshock, and accelerated reflected ions from the quasi-perpendicular bow shock. Both ion populations accumulate near the upstream edge of the moving foreshock which facilitates FB formation. Reflected ions with hybrid trajectories that straddle between the quasi-perpendicular and quasi-parallel bow shocks during slow IMF rotations contribute to formation of foreshock transients.
description: Submitted to Geophysical Research Letters
Additional file 1 of Engagement in cloud-supported collaborative learning and student knowledge construction: a modeling study
Creators: name: Baanqud, Noria Saeed
name: Al-Samarraie, Hosam
name: Alzahrani, Ahmed Ibrahim
name: Alfarraj, Osama
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Appendix S1. Fig. S1. An example of reflective–reflective hierarchical construct model of CE. Fig. S2. An example of reflective–formative hierarchical construct model of KC. Table S1. Questionnaire.
An Open-Source Microscopic Traffic Simulator
Creators: name: Treiber, Martin
name: Kesting, Arne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the interactive Java-based open-source traffic simulator available at www.traffic-simulation.de. In contrast to most closed-source commercial simulators, the focus is on investigating fundamental issues of traffic dynamics rather than simulating specific road networks. This includes testing theories for the spatiotemporal evolution of traffic jams, comparing and testing different microscopic traffic models, modeling the effects of driving styles and traffic rules on the efficiency and stability of traffic flow, and investigating novel ITS technologies such as adaptive cruise control, inter-vehicle and vehicle-infrastructure communication.
Sporadic Insulinoma in a 10-Year-Old Boy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Creators: name: Abu-Zaid, Ahmed
name: Alghuneim, Lama Abdulhamid
name: Metawee, Mona Tarek
name: Elkabbani, Ragaa Osama
name: Almana, Hadeel
name: Amin, Tarek
name: Azzam, Ayman
Publisher: name: JOP. Journal of the Pancreas
Year: 2014
Subjects: Case reports; Insulinoma; Pancreas

description: Context Insulinoma is an exceedingly uncommon pancreatic islet cell neuroendocrine tumor. Its estimated incidence is approximately four cases per million individuals per year. Case report We report the case of sporadic insulinoma in an exceptionally very young 10-year-old boy who presented with a 1-month history of episodic tremulousness, diaphoresis, increased hunger, confusion and fainting. Initial laboratory investigations showed low blood glucose (64 mg/dL) and high blood insulin (6 μU/mL) levels. Patient was admitted in view of frequent hypoglycemic symptoms and possible pancreatic insulinoma. A 48-hour mentored fasting test was done and ceased within 3 hours due to occurrence of hypoglycemic symptoms. During the episode, blood was drawn and results showed low blood glucose level and high insulin, pro-insulin and C-peptide levels. The hypoglycemic symptoms were relieved greatly by glucose administration and Whipple’s triad for insulinoma was met. An abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan showed a 10x12x17 mm, small, well-demarcated, heterogeneously enhancing lesion within the body of pancreas without dilatation of pancreatic duct. No evidence of lymphadenopathy or distant metastasis was identified. Patient underwent enucleation of pancreatic tumor. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of the pancreatic mass confirmed neuroendocrine tumor (insulinoma). Patient had an uneventful recovery. A post-operative 6-month follow-up showed resolution of hypoglycemic symptoms, normalized blood glucose, insulin, pro-insulin and C-peptide levels, and no evidence of recurrence. Conclusion Although rare, sporadic insulinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any young individual presenting with frequent hypoglycemic symptoms (neuroglycopenic and/or autonomic nervous system symptoms). Furthermore, a literature review on insulinoma is presented.
description: JOP. Journal of the Pancreas, Vol 15, No 1 (2014): January - p. 1-83
Strong quantum metrological limit from many-body physics
Creators: name: Chu, Yaoming
name: Li, Xiangbei
name: Cai, Jianming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surpassing the standard quantum limit and even reaching the Heisenberg limit using quantum entanglement, represents the Holy Grail of quantum metrology. However, quantum entanglement is a valuable resource that does not come without a price. The exceptional time overhead for the preparation of large-scale entangled states raises disconcerting concerns about whether the Heisenberg limit is fundamentally achievable. Here we find a universal speed limit set by the Lieb-Robinson light cone for the quantum Fisher information growth to characterize the metrological potential of quantum resource states during their preparation. Our main result establishes a strong precision limit of quantum metrology accounting for the complexity of many-body quantum resource state preparation and reveals a fundamental constraint for reaching the Heisenberg limit in a generic many-body lattice system with bounded one-site energy. It enables us to identify the essential features of quantum many-body systems that are crucial for achieving the quantum advantage of quantum metrology, and brings an interesting connection between many-body quantum dynamics and quantum metrology.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures + supplementary information (14 pages)
Impulsbasierte Dynamiksimulation von Mehrkörpersystemen in der virtuellen Realität
Creators: name: Bender, Jan
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2007

description: Die dynamische Simulation gewinnt im Bereich der virtuellen Realität immer mehr an Bedeutung. Sie ist ein wichtiges Hilfsmittel, um den Grad der Immersion des Benutzers in eine virtuelle Welt zu erhöhen. In diesem Anwendungsbereich ist die Geschwindigkeit des verwendeten Simulationsverfahrens entscheidend. Weitere Anforderungen an das Verfahren sind unter anderem Genauigkeit, Stabilität und eine einfache Implementierung. In dieser Arbeit wird ein neues impulsbasiertes Verfahren für die dynamische Simulation von Mehrkörpersystemen vorgestellt. Dieses erfüllt, im Gegensatz zu klassischen Verfahren, alle Anforderungen der virtuellen Realität. Das vorgestellte Verfahren arbeitet ausschließlich mit Impulsen, um mechanische Gelenke, Kollisionen und bleibende Kontakte mit Reibung zu simulieren.
SUNRISE/IMaX observations of convectively driven vortex flows in the Sun
Creators: name: Bonet, J. A.
name: Marquez, I.
name: Almeida, J. Sanchez
name: Palacios, J.
name: Pillet, V. Martinez
name: Solanki, S. K.
name: Iniesta, J. C. del Toro
name: Domingo, V.
name: Berkefeld, T.
name: Schmidt, W.
name: Gandorfer, A.
name: Barthol, P.
name: Knoelker, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterize the observational properties of the convectively driven vortex flows recently discovered on the quiet Sun, using magnetograms, Dopplergrams and images obtained with the 1-m balloon-borne Sunrise telescope. By visual inspection of time series, we find some 3.1e-3 vortices/(Mm^2 min), which is a factor of 1.7 larger than previous estimates. The mean duration of the individual events turns out to be 7.9 min, with a standard deviation of 3.2 min. In addition, we find several events appearing at the same locations along the duration of the time series (31.6 min). Such recurrent vortices show up in the proper motion flow field map averaged over the time series. The typical vertical vorticities are <= 6e-3 1/sec, which corresponds to a period of rotation of some 35 min. The vortices show a preferred counterclockwise sense of rotation, which we conjecture may have to do with the preferred vorticity impinged by the solar differential rotation.
description: To appear in ApJL. 5 Figs, 4 pages. The two animations associated with the work can be downloaded from http://www.iac.es/proyecto/solarhr/imaxvortex.html References updated in V2
Additional file 6 of Male recombination map of the autosomal genome in German Holstein
Creators: name: Qanbari, Saber
name: Wittenburg, Dörte
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6. Description of the simulation study to compare genetic map positions derived from the deterministic and likelihood-based approach [20–24, 35, 36].
Additional file 1 of Vielfalt and diversité: how local actors in France and Germany evaluate immigration and socio-cultural heterogeneity
Creators: name: Schiller, Maria
name: Lang, Christine
name: Schönwälder, Karen
name: Moutselos, Michalis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1.
Coherent driving of direct and indirect excitons in a quantum dot molecule
Creators: name: Bopp, Frederik
name: Schall, Johannes
name: Bart, Nikolai
name: Vogl, Florian
name: Cullip, Charlotte
name: Sbresny, Friedrich
name: Boos, Katarina
name: Thalacker, Christopher
name: Lienhart, Michelle
name: Rodt, Sven
name: Reuter, Dirk
name: Ludwig, Arne
name: Wieck, Andreas
name: Reitzenstein, Stephan
name: Müller, Kai
name: Finley, Jonathan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum dot molecules (QDMs) are one of the few quantum light sources that promise deterministic generation of one- and two-dimensional photonic graph states. The proposed protocols rely on coherent excitation of the tunnel-coupled and spatially indirect exciton states. Here, we demonstrate power-dependent Rabi oscillations of direct excitons, spatially indirect excitons, and excitons with a hybridized electron wave function. An off-resonant detection technique based on phonon-mediated state transfer allows for spectrally filtered detection under resonant excitation. Applying a gate voltage to the QDM-device enables a continuous transition between direct and indirect excitons and, thereby, control of the overlap of the electron and hole wave function. This does not only vary the Rabi frequency of the investigated transition by a factor of $\approx3$, but also allows to optimize graph state generation in terms of optical pulse power and reduction of radiative lifetimes.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
A Gravitational Mechanism for Cosmological Screening
Creators: name: Tsamis, N. C.
name: Woodard, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Infrared gravitons are continually produced during inflation. Like all particles, their contribution to the vacuum energy comes not only from their bare kinetic energy but also from the interactions they have with other gravitons. These interactions can be substantial -- despite the particles being highly infrared -- because they occur over the enormous spatial volume of the universe. Furthermore, the interactions grow with time evolution because more and more such gravitons come into causal contact with one another. Since gravity is universally attractive, these interactions can act to slow and eventually stop accelerated expansion.
description: 6 pages
[6]-Shogaol Induces Ca2+ Signals by Activating the TRPV1 Channels in the Rat Insulinoma INS-1E Cells
Creators: name: Rebellato, Paola
name: Islam, Md. Shahidul
Publisher: name: JOP. Journal of the Pancreas
Year: 2014
Subjects: Calcium Signaling; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Islets of Langerhans; shogaol; TRPV1 receptor

description: Context [6]-shogaol is a vanilloid compound present in steamed ginger (Zingiber officinale), a commonly used spice. Pancreatic beta-cells respond to nutrients like glucose, amino acids and fatty acids, by an increase in the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), which mediates diverse cellular processes in these cells. Some vanilloid compounds activate the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor type 1 (TRPV1) channel. Objective We investigated whether [6]-shogaol could trigger Ca2+ signals in the beta-cell. Methods [Ca2+]i was measured from single INS-1E cells by microscope-based fluorometry using fura-2 as the Ca2+ indicator. Results In fura-2 loaded single rat insulinoma INS-1E cells, a widely used model of beta-cell, [6]-shogaol increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner. [Ca2+]i increase by [6]-shogaol was completely blocked when Ca2+ was omitted from the extracellular medium. Capsazepine, an inhibitor of the TRPV1 ion channel completely inhibited the [6]-shogaol-induced [Ca2+]i increase. [Ca2+]i increase obtained by 1 µM [6]-shogaol was greater than that obtained by 10 mM glucose. Moreover, a sub-stimulatory concentration of [6]-shogaol (300 nM), significantly enhanced the glucose-induced [Ca2+]i increase in these cells. Conclusion We conclude that [6]-shogaol induces Ca2+ signals in the beta-cell by activating the TRPV1 channels, and it sensitizes the beta-cells to stimulation by glucose.
description: JOP. Journal of the Pancreas, Vol 15, No 1 (2014): January - p. 1-83
Segmental Arterial Mediolysis: A Case of Mistaken Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis and Review of the Literature
Creators: name: Horsley-Silva, Jennifer L
name: Ngamruenphong, Saowanee
name: Frey, Gregory T
name: Paz-Fumagalli, Ricardo
name: Lewis, Michele D
Publisher: name: JOP. Journal of the Pancreas
Year: 2014
Subjects: Abdominal Pain; Aneurysm; Arteritis; Dissection; Hemorrhage; Pancreatitis

description: Context Segmental arterial mediolysis is an uncommon, non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory arteriopathy that involves areas of dissecting aneurysms and strictures that are caused by outer media lysis of the arterial wall from areas of medial necrosis of uncertain pathogenesis. It has a predilection for splanchnic arteries and often presents as abdominal pain or hemorrhage in late middle-aged and elderly patients. Diagnosis can be established by computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, or angiogram by visualizing typical abnormalities, in addition to excluding other vasculitides. Histological confirmation is the gold standard but is not easily accessible and, as such, is not frequently performed. Case report Here we present an updated review of the literature and a case of segmental arterial mediolysis that presented with spontaneous intra-abdominal bleeding near the pancreas that was originally misdiagnosed as hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Conclusion Diagnosis is important because immunosuppressants for vasculitis can worsen the arteriopathy. Segmental arterial mediolysis can be self-limiting without treatment or may require urgent surgical or endovascular therapy for bleeding and carries a 50% mortality rate. Therefore, it should be included in the differential of causes of abdominal pain as well as in cases of unexplained abdominal hemorrhage.
description: JOP. Journal of the Pancreas, Vol 15, No 1 (2014): January - p. 1-83
New determination of the production cross section for $γ$ rays in the Galaxy
Creators: name: Orusa, Luca
name: Di Mauro, Mattia
name: Donato, Fiorenza
name: Korsmeier, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flux of $γ$ rays is measured with unprecedented accuracy by the $\textit{Fermi}$ Large Area Telescope from 100 MeV to almost 1 TeV. In the future, the Cherenkov Telescope Array will have the capability to measure photons up to 100 TeV. To accurately interpret this data, precise predictions of the production processes, specifically the cross section for the production of photons from the interaction of cosmic-ray protons and helium with atoms of the ISM, are necessary. In this study, we determine new analytical functions describing the Lorentz-invariant cross section for $γ$-ray production in hadronic collisions. We utilize the limited total cross section data for $π^0$ production channels and supplement this information by drawing on our previous analyses of charged pion production to infer missing details. In this context, we highlight the need for new data on $π^0$ production. Our predictions include the cross sections for all production channels that contribute down to the 0.5% level of the final cross section, namely $η$, $K^+$, $K^-$, $K^0_S$, and $K^0_L$ mesons as well as $Λ$, $Σ$, and $Ξ$ baryons. We determine the total differential cross section $dσ(p+p\rightarrow γ+X)/dE_γ$ from 10 MeV to 100 TeV with an uncertainty of 10% below 10 GeV of $γ$-ray energies, increasing to 20% at the TeV energies. We provide numerical tables and a script for the community to access our energy-differential cross sections, which are provided for incident proton (nuclei) energies from 0.1 to $10^7$ GeV (GeV/n).
description: 12 pages, 8 figures. This version includes also the fit to the LHCf data on $\pi^0$ production. It matches version published by PRD. The updated tables of the energy differential cross sections of gamma rays can be found here: https://github.com/lucaorusa/gamma_cross_section
Horseshoe Shaped Pancreas
Creators: name: Kin, Tatsuya
name: Shapiro, A M James
Publisher: name: JOP. Journal of the Pancreas
Year: 2014
Subjects: Islets of Langerhans; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; Tissue Donors

description: No abstract available
description: JOP. Journal of the Pancreas, Vol 15, No 1 (2014): January - p. 1-83
The renormalisation group and nuclear forces
Creators: name: Birse, Michael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I give an outline of recent applications of the renormalisation group to effective theories of nuclear forces, focussing on the use of a Wilsonian approach to analyse systems of two or three nonrelativistic particles.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures (review submitted to Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A)
Additional file 1 of Psychiatry during the Covid-19 pandemic: a survey on mental health departments in Italy
Creators: name: Carpiniello, Bernardo
name: Tusconi, Massimo
name: Zanalda, Enrico
name: Sciascio, Guido Di
name: Giannantonio, Massimo Di
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire on Italian Mental Health Departments
Hot articles recently published in the field of pancreatology
Creators: name: Fioravanti, Antonella
Publisher: name: JOP. Journal of the Pancreas
Year: 2014
Subjects: Collected Works; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatic Neoplasms

description: JOP. Journal of the Pancreas, Vol 15, No 1 (2014): January - p. 1-83
Search for the lightest scalar top quark in R-parity violating decays at the LHC
Creators: name: Choudhury, Debajyoti
name: Datta, Madhumita
name: Maity, Manas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scalar partner of the top quark (the stop) is relatively light in many models of supersymmetry breaking. We study the production of stops at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and their subsequent decays through baryon-number violating couplings such that the final state contains no leptons. A detailed analysis performed using detector level observables demonstrate that stop masses upto $\sim 600 \gev$ may be explored at the LHC depending on the branching ratios for such decays and the integrated luminosity available. Extended to other analogous scenarios, the analysis will, generically, probe even larger masses.
description: 11 pages, 6 figs
Neutron capture-induced silicon nuclear recoils for dark matter and CE$ν$NS
Creators: name: Harris, K.
name: Gevorgian, A.
name: Biffl, A. J.
name: Villano, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following neutron capture in a material there will be prompt nuclear recoils in addition to the gamma cascade. The nuclear recoils that are left behind in materials are generally below 1\,keV and therefore in the range of interest for dark matter experiments and CE$ν$NS studies--both as backgrounds and calibration opportunities. Here we obtain the spectrum of prompt nuclear recoils following neutron capture for silicon.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
Vector order parameter in general relativity. Covariant equations
Creators: name: Meierovich, Boris E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase transitions with spontaneous symmetry breaking and vector order parameter are considered in multidimensional theory of general relativity. Covariant equations, describing the gravitational properties of topological defects, are derived. The topological defects are classified in accordance with the symmetry of the covariant derivative of the vector order parameter. The abilities of the derived equations are demonstrated in application to the brane world concept. New solutions of the Einstein equations with a transverse vector order parameter are presented. In the vicinity of phase transition the solutions are found analytically.
A method to measure the quenching factor for recoil energy of oxygen in bismuth germanium oxide scintillators
Creators: name: Ommura, Yuga
name: Ito, Hiroshi
name: Yano, Takatomi
name: Minamino, Akihiro
name: Ishitsuka, Masaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bismuth germanium oxide ($\rm Bi_{4} Ge_{3} O_{12}$, BGO) scintillation crystals are widely used as detectors in the fields of particle physics and astrophysics due to their high density, and thus higher efficiency for gamma-ray detection. Owing to their good chemical stability, they can be used in any environment. For rare-event searches, such as dark matter and coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering, BGO crystals are essential to comprehend the response of nuclear recoil. In this study, we have analyzed the events of neutron elastic scattering with oxygen in BGO crystals. Then, we have measured the quenching factor for oxygen recoil energy in the BGO crystal as a function of recoil energy by using a monoenergetic neutron source.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Explosive nucleosynthesis in core-collapse supernovae
Creators: name: Arcones, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The specific mechanism and astrophysical site for the production of half of the elements heavier than iron via rapid neutron capture (r-process) remains to be found. In order to reproduce the abundances of the solar system and of the old halo stars, at least two components are required: the heavy r-process nuclei (A>130) and the weak r-process which correspond to the lighter heavy nuclei (A<130). In this work, we present nucleosynthesis studies based on trajectories of hydrodynamical simulations for core-collapse supernovae and their subsequent neutrino-driven winds. We show that the weak r-process elements can be produced in neutrino-driven winds and we relate their abundances to the neutrino emission from the nascent neutron star. Based on the latest hydrodynamical simulations, heavy r-process elements cannot be synthesized in the neutrino-driven winds. However, by artificially increasing the wind entropy, elements up to A=195 can be made. In this way one can mimic the general behavior of an ejecta where the r-process occurs. We use this to study the impact of the nuclear physics input (nuclear masses, neutron capture cross sections, and beta-delayed neutron emission) and of the long-time dynamical evolution on the final abundances.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, invited talk, INPC 2010 Vancouver, Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Additional file 3 of Seldom heard voices: a meta-narrative systematic review of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples healthcare experiences
Creators: name: Jones, Benjamin
name: Heslop, David
name: Harrison, Reema
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Summary of included publications.
Additional file 1 of Seldom heard voices: a meta-narrative systematic review of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples healthcare experiences
Creators: name: Jones, Benjamin
name: Heslop, David
name: Harrison, Reema
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Search strategy.
Additional file 2 of Seldom heard voices: a meta-narrative systematic review of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples healthcare experiences
Creators: name: Jones, Benjamin
name: Heslop, David
name: Harrison, Reema
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) qualitative studies checklist.
Group Theory of Non-Abelian Vortices
Creators: name: Eto, Minoru
name: Fujimori, Toshiaki
name: Gudnason, Sven Bjarke
name: Jiang, Yunguo
name: Konishi, Kenichi
name: Nitta, Muneto
name: Ohashi, Keisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the structure of the moduli space of multiple BPS non-Abelian vortices in U(N) gauge theory with N fundamental Higgs fields, focusing our attention on the action of the exact global (color-flavor diagonal) SU(N) symmetry on it. The moduli space of a single non-Abelian vortex, CP(N-1), is spanned by a vector in the fundamental representation of the global SU(N) symmetry. The moduli space of winding-number k vortices is instead spanned by vectors in the direct-product representation: they decompose into the sum of irreducible representations each of which is associated with a Young tableau made of k boxes, in a way somewhat similar to the standard group composition rule of SU(N) multiplets. The Kähler potential is exactly determined in each moduli subspace, corresponding to an irreducible SU(N) orbit of the highest-weight configuration.
description: LaTeX 46 pages, 4 figures
Comment on 'A close examination of the motion of an adiabatic piston' by Eric A. Gislason [Am. J. Phys. 78, 995-1001 (2010)]
Creators: name: de Abreu, Rodrigo
name: Guerra, Vasco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent paper by Gislason published in Am. J. Phys. deals with the celebrated example of the so-called "adiabatic piston", a system involving two ideal gases contained in a horizontal cylinder and separated by an insulating piston that moves without friction. While the analysis presented in that paper is rather comprehensive, very interesting and useful as a teaching tool, it can be somewhat misleading if not taken within its appropriate context. As a matter of fact, the evolution to equilibrium involves two phases, a faster one leading to the equalization of pressures, and a slower one bringing the system to identical temperatures. Although Gislason addresses only the first process, we note that the final state after the second phase, the evolution to equal temperatures once the pressures are the same, is described by thermodynamics. Therefore, the discussion of the adiabatic piston given by Gislason can and should be enriched, in order to promote a proper and general view of thermodynamics.
description: To appear in Am. J. Phys
An Interpretable Boosting-based Predictive Model for Transformation Temperatures of Shape Memory Alloys
Creators: name: Zadeh, Sina Hossein
name: Behbahanian, Amir
name: Broucek, John
name: Fan, Mingzhou
name: Tovar, Guillermo Vazquez
name: Noroozi, Mohammad
name: Trehern, William
name: Qian, Xiaoning
name: Karaman, Ibrahim
name: Arroyave, Raymundo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we demonstrate how the incorporation of appropriate feature engineering together with the selection of a Machine Learning (ML) algorithm that best suits the available dataset, leads to the development of a predictive model for transformation temperatures that can be applied to a wide range of shape memory alloys. We develop a gradient boosting ML surrogate model capable of predicting Martensite Start, Martensite Finish, Austenite Start, and Austenite Finish transformation temperatures with an average accuracy of more than 95% by explicitly taking care of potential distribution changes when modeling different alloy systems. We included heat treatment, rolling, extrusion processing parameters, and alloy system categorical features in the model input features to achieve more accurate and realistic results. In addition, using Shapley values, which are calculated based on the average marginal contribution of features to all possible coalitions, this study was able to gain insights into the governing features and their effect on predicted transformation temperatures, providing a unique opportunity to examine the critical parameters and features in martensite transformation temperatures.
Primordial Density Perturbations and Reheating from Gravity
Creators: name: Tsamis, N. C.
name: Woodard, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the presence and evolution of primordial density perturbations in a cosmological model based on a simple ansatz which captures -- by providing a set of effective gravitational field equations -- the strength of the enhanced quantum loop effects that can arise during inflation. After deriving the general equations that perturbations obey, we concentrate on scalar perturbations and show that their evolution is quite different than that of conventional inflationary models but still phenomenologically acceptable. The main reason for this novel evolution is the presence of an oscillating regime after the end of inflation which makes all super-horizon scalar modes oscillate. The same reason allows for a natural and very fast reheating mechanism for the universe.
description: 37 pages, 2 figures, uses LaTeX2e
A Lévy flight for electrons in graphene: superdiffusive-to-diffusive transport transition
Creators: name: Fonseca, Diego B.
name: Pereira, Luiz Felipe C.
name: Barbosa, Anderson L. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we propose an electronic Lévy flight device, analogous to a recent optical realization. To that end, we investigate the transmission of electrons in graphene nanoribbons in the presence of circular electrostatic clusters, whose diameter follow a power-law distribution. We analyze the effect of the electrostatic clusters on the electronic transport regime of the nanoribbons, in terms of its diffusion behavior. Our numerical calculations show that the presence of circular electrostatic clusters induces a transition from Lévy (superdiffusive) to diffusive transport as the energy increases. Furthermore, we argue that in our electronic Lévy flight device, superdiffusive transport is an exclusive feature of the low-energy quantum regime, while diffusive transport is a feature of the semiclassical regime. Therefore, we attribute the observed transition to the chiral symmetry breaking, once the energy moves away from the Dirac point of graphene.
description: Accepted for publication as a Regular Article in Physical Review B
Detection of large acoustic energy flux in the solar atmosphere
Creators: name: González, N. Bello
name: Franz, M.
name: Pillet, V. Martínez
name: Bonet, J. A.
name: Solanki, S. K.
name: Iniesta, J. C. del Toro
name: Schmidt, W.
name: Gandorfer, A.
name: Domingo, V.
name: Barthol, P.
name: Berkefeld, T.
name: Knölker, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the energy flux carried by acoustic waves excited by convective motions at sub-photospheric levels. The analysis of high-resolution spectropolarimetric data taken with IMaX/Sunrise provides a total energy flux of ~ 6400--7700 Wm$^{-2}$ at a height of ~ 250 km in the 5.2-10 mHz range, i.e. at least twice the largest energy flux found in previous works. Our estimate lies within a factor of 2 of the energy flux needed to balance radiative losses from the chromosphere according to Anderson & Athay (1989) and revives interest in acoustic waves for transporting energy to the chromosphere. The acoustic flux is mainly found in the intergranular lanes but also in small rapidly-evolving granules and at the bright borders, forming dark dots and lanes of splitting granules.
description: Accepted on ApJ Letters as part of the special Sunrise issue
The effects of macro- and micro- nutrient timing on post-exercise hepcidin response in elite and professional athletes
Creators: name: Dahlquist, Dylan Timothy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: BACKGROUND INFORMATION Iron deficiency (ID) has debilitating effects on athletic performance, causing significant reductions (-34%) in VO₂max. Inflammation caused by exercise has been shown to impede iron absorption in the digestive tract by up-regulating the expression of the iron regulatory protein, hepcidin. To date, nutritional interventions to blunt hepcidin response have been few and equivocal. We investigated the effects of nutrient timing with essential macro- and micro- nutrients to potentially attenuate the post-exercise rise in hepcidin in highly trained athletes. PURPOSE To determine if a post-exercise drink consisting of whey protein isolate (25g) and carbohydrates (75g) with the addition of vitamins, D₃ (5,000 IU) and K₂ (1,000 mcg) (VPRO) or without D₃ and K₂ (PRO), following a bout of high-intensity interval exercise has an effect on the acute post-exercise hepcidin responses in athletes as compared to a non-caloric placebo drink (PLA). Our hypothesis was that both VPRO and PRO will significantly decrease hepcidin following a bout of high intensity exercise as compared to PLA, with VPRO supplementation having a greater effect on hepcidin versus PRO supplementation alone. METHODS Ten elite male cyclists (age: 26.9 ± 6.4 yrs; VO₂max: 67.4 ± 4.4 ml/kg/min) partook in four cycling sessions. A randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded triple crossover design was utilized. Experimental days consisted of an 8-min warm-up at 50% pVO₂max, followed by 8 x 3 min intervals at 85% pVO₂max with, 1.5 min at 60% pVO₂max between each interval. Blood samples were collected pre-exercise, post-exercise and three hours post-exercise. Three varying drinks (PRO, VPRO or PLA) were consumed immediately after the post-exercise blood sample. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS The results from the investigation demonstrate that following a fatiguing interval-based cycling exercise in highly-trained athletes, subjects experienced a significant time-dependent increase in all biomarkers measured independent of post-exercise drink composition. In conclusion, the post-exercise drinks had no significant effect on any biomarker. The findings could potentially be related to the dosage of nutrients, the timing of blood samples, or the training status of individuals. The lack of an effect in either of the drinks on hepcidin and other biomarkers are contrary to our hypothesis.
Polymer chain scission at constant tension - an example of force-induced collective behaviour
Creators: name: Paturej, J.
name: Milchev, A.
name: Rostiashvili, V. G.
name: Vilgis, T. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The breakage of a polymer chain of segments, coupled by anharmonic bonds with applied constant external tensile force is studied by means of Molecular Dynamics simulation. We show that the mean life time of the chain becomes progressively independent of the number of bonds as the pulling force grows. The latter affects also the rupture rates of individual bonds along the polymer backbone manifesting the essential role of inertial effects in the fragmentation process. The role of local defects, temperature and friction in the scission kinetics is also examined.
description: 6 pages, 7 pages
Poisson points, resetting, universality and the role of the last item
Creators: name: Godrèche, Claude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a stochastic process reset at random times, we discuss to what extent the probabilities of some orderings of observables associated with the intervals of time between resetting events are universal, i.e., independent of the choice of the observables, and in particular, to what extent universality depends on the choice of the distribution of these intervals. For Poissonian resetting, universality relies only on a combinatorial argument and on the statistical properties of Poisson points. For a generic distribution of time intervals between resets, universality no longer holds in general.
description: 7 pages, revised and expanded version
Perspective: strain and strain gradient engineering in membranes of quantum materials
Creators: name: Du, Dongxue
name: Hu, Jiamian
name: Kawasaki, Jason K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strain is powerful for discovery and manipulation of new phases of matter; however, the elastic strains accessible to epitaxial films and bulk crystals are typically limited to small ($<2\%$), uniform, and often discrete values. This Perspective highlights new directions for strain and strain gradient engineering in free-standing single crystalline membranes of quantum materials. Membranes enable large ($\sim 10\%$), continuously tunable strains and strain gradients via bending and rippling. Moreover, strain gradients break inversion symmetry to activate polar distortions, ferroelectricity, chiral spin textures, novel superconductivity, and topological states. Recent advances in membrane synthesis by remote epitaxy and sacrificial etch layers enable extreme strains in new materials, including transition metal oxides and Heusler compounds, compared to natively van der Waals (vdW) materials like graphene. We highlight new opportunities and challenges for strain and strain gradient engineering in membranes of non-vdW materials.
Joint optimal measurement for locating two incoherent optical point sources near the Rayleigh distance
Creators: name: Shi, Yingying
name: Lu, Xiao-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The simultaneous optimization of the centroid estimation and the separation estimation of two incoherent optical point sources is restricted by a tradeoff relation through an incompatibility coefficient. At the Rayleigh distance the incompatibility coefficient vanishes and thus the tradeoff relation no longer restricts the simultaneous optimization of measurement for a joint estimation. We construct such a joint optimal measurement by an elaborated analysis on the operator algebra of the symmetric logarithmic derivative. Our work not only confirms the existence of a joint optimal measurement for this specific imaging model, but also gives a promising method to characterize the condition on measurement compatibility for general multiparameter estimation problems.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. Accepted version