Polymorphic characterization of gallinacin candidate genes and their molecular associations with growth and immunity traits in chickens
Creators: name: Medhat S. Saleh
name: Khalil, Maher H.
name: Iraqi, Mahmoud M.
name: Camarda, Antonio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Four gallinacin (<i>GAL</i>) genes were assessed by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to characterise these genes in Fayoumi (F) and Rhode Island Red (R) breeds and their crosses of Rhode Island Red <b>×</b> Fayoumi (½R½F) and Fayoumi <b>×</b> Rhode Island Red (½F½R).Genes examined were <i>GAL2, GAL3, GAL4</i> and <i>GAL5</i>. The molecular associations between the SNPs of the gallinacin genes and body weight, caecal bacterial count and the serum antibody titres of IgA, IgG and IgM were determined. In the R breed, the frequency of TC genotype was higher than TT and CC genotypes for the <i>GAL3</i> gene. The GG genotype frequency was higher than AA and AG genotypes for the <i>GAL4</i> gene in the other genetic groups, and the CA genotype frequency was higher than CC and AA genotypes in crosses for the <i>GAL5</i> gene.In all populations, the frequency of the C allele was higher than the T allele for the <i>GAL3</i> gene, the G allele was higher than the A allele for the <i>GAL4</i> gene and the C allele was higher than the A allele for the <i>GAL5</i> gene. The observed heterozygosity in R, ½R½F and ½F½R was 0.476, 0.375 and 0.158 for the <i>GAL3</i> gene, 0.458, 0.615 and 0.250 for the <i>GAL4</i> gene and 0.053, 0.792 and 0.739 for the <i>GAL5</i> gene, while the expected heterozygosities were 0.490, 0.430 and 0.145 for the <i>GAL3</i> gene, 0.430, 0.348 and 0.219 for the <i>GAL4</i> gene and 0.229, 0.478 and 0.496 for the <i>GAL5</i> gene, respectively.On a molecular level, the genotype TT was significantly higher for body weight than TC and CC genotypes in the <i>GAL3</i> gene. Birds with the GG genotype had a significantly lower <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> count than birds with AA genotype in the <i>GAL4</i> gene. Birds with the genotype AA had higher significant body weights than those with CC and CA genotypes in the <i>GAL</i>5 gene.The results indicated that the <i>GAL3, GAL4</i> and <i>GAL5</i> genes are potential candidates for selection programs to improve <i>S. typhimurium</i> resistance and body weight in chickens. Four gallinacin (<i>GAL</i>) genes were assessed by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to characterise these genes in Fayoumi (F) and Rhode Island Red (R) breeds and their crosses of Rhode Island Red <b>×</b> Fayoumi (½R½F) and Fayoumi <b>×</b> Rhode Island Red (½F½R). Genes examined were <i>GAL2, GAL3, GAL4</i> and <i>GAL5</i>. The molecular associations between the SNPs of the gallinacin genes and body weight, caecal bacterial count and the serum antibody titres of IgA, IgG and IgM were determined. In the R breed, the frequency of TC genotype was higher than TT and CC genotypes for the <i>GAL3</i> gene. The GG genotype frequency was higher than AA and AG genotypes for the <i>GAL4</i> gene in the other genetic groups, and the CA genotype frequency was higher than CC and AA genotypes in crosses for the <i>GAL5</i> gene. In all populations, the frequency of the C allele was higher than the T allele for the <i>GAL3</i> gene, the G allele was higher than the A allele for the <i>GAL4</i> gene and the C allele was higher than the A allele for the <i>GAL5</i> gene. The observed heterozygosity in R, ½R½F and ½F½R was 0.476, 0.375 and 0.158 for the <i>GAL3</i> gene, 0.458, 0.615 and 0.250 for the <i>GAL4</i> gene and 0.053, 0.792 and 0.739 for the <i>GAL5</i> gene, while the expected heterozygosities were 0.490, 0.430 and 0.145 for the <i>GAL3</i> gene, 0.430, 0.348 and 0.219 for the <i>GAL4</i> gene and 0.229, 0.478 and 0.496 for the <i>GAL5</i> gene, respectively. On a molecular level, the genotype TT was significantly higher for body weight than TC and CC genotypes in the <i>GAL3</i> gene. Birds with the GG genotype had a significantly lower <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> count than birds with AA genotype in the <i>GAL4</i> gene. Birds with the genotype AA had higher significant body weights than those with CC and CA genotypes in the <i>GAL</i>5 gene. The results indicated that the <i>GAL3, GAL4</i> and <i>GAL5</i> genes are potential candidates for selection programs to improve <i>S. typhimurium</i> resistance and body weight in chickens.