cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Influence of Brand Equity on Milk Choice: A Choice Experiment Survey
Creators: name: Taglioni, Chiara
name: Cavicchi, Alessio
name: Torquati, Biancamaria
name: Scarpa, Riccardo
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2011
Subjects: brand equity; milk; Latent Class Model; origin of milk

description: In the context of sustainable consumption buying local produce could support environmentally friendly production from the local economy. Our study estimates the preference weights that local consumers assign to some milk attributes including local origin and the influence on choice of a local brand of milk, which is traded by a local cooperative of producers in Umbria (Italy). Several preference segments are found amongst fresh and UHT milk buyers by employing a Latent Class model to analyze stated choice data. This specification allows us to verify whether consumers who have a better attitude towards local milk also prefer this brand to others, placing different values on the regional origin of milk.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 2, No 3 (2011): Special issue on sustainability in the food sector
RAPTOR observations of the early optical afterglow from GRB 050319
Creators: name: Wozniak, P. R.
name: Vestrand, W. T.
name: Wren, J. A.
name: White, R. R.
name: Evans, S. M.
name: Casperson, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The RAPid Telescopes for Optical Response (RAPTOR) system at Los Alamos National Laboratory observed GRB 050319 starting 25.4 seconds after gamma-ray emission triggered the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on-board the Swift satellite. Our well sampled light curve of the early optical afterglow is composed of 32 points (derived from 70 exposures) that measure the flux decay during the first hour after the GRB. The GRB 050319 light curve measured by RAPTOR can be described as a relatively gradual flux decline (power-law index alpha = -0.37) with a transition, at about 400 s after the GRB, to a faster flux decay (alpha = -0.91). The addition of other available measurements to the RAPTOR light curve suggests that another emission component emerged after 10^4 s. We hypothesize that the early afterglow emission is powered by extended energy injection or delayed reverse shock emission followed by the emergence of forward shock emission.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters. To see a short movie of fading GRB 050319 go to http://www.raptor.lanl.gov/images/GRB050319/grb050319_movie_annotated.gif
АКТУАЛИЗАЦИЯ ЗАЩИТЫ ПРАВ РЕБЕНКА В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ И СМЕНЫ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УКЛАДА
Creators: name: Борисова Н.Е.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2021
Subjects: права ребенка
защита прав
цифровизация
семейные отношения
цифровые права человека
информация
закон.

description: Отличительной особенностью нашего времени является быстрое и при этом основательное вхождение в повседневную жизнь новых реалий, новых слов, характеризующих переход к иной, ранее не знакомой большинству российского населения действительности, обусловленной повсеместной цифровизацией и свободным доступом к информации. Разнообразие цифровых технологий сегодня проявляется в том, что люди могут совершать покупки, не выходя из дома; общаются с близкими людьми по видеосвязи порой на огромном расстоянии, участвуют в электронном голосовании. Термин цифровые относится уже и к государствам.
AGRICULTURAL TAXATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA: A STUDY OF THE POTENTIAL OF AN AGRICULTURAL INCOME TAX IN FINANCING THE PLANS
Creators: name: Barla, Chain S.
name: Barla, Chain S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
International Development
Public Economics

description: Economic planning is undertaken in the belief that development can be brought about or accelerated by government intervention. Referring to the countries of South Asia, Myrdal points out that these countries have long remained in a state of relative stagnation, and that "a strong impetus is needed to end such an economic stalemate." India is the biggest of all the less developed countries with more then 540 million people, most of whom live in desperate economic conditions. The magnitude of her problems is large, hence there is a need for large-scale economic planning. For rapid economic growth, however, there is a need for effective planning, which in turn calls for a large-scale mobilization of resources. The purpose of this paper is to examine the contribution of the agricultural sector in financing the Indian plans since 1951.
THE EFFECTS OF E.E.C. PRICES ON IRISH AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: O'Neill, Fergus
name: O'Neill, Fergus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1969
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Farm Management

description: Though the importance of agriculture to the Irish economy is declining, it is and will be in the foreseeable future a major - if not the largest - sector. The decline in its relative importance is due to the more rapid growth of other sectors and to the long term and worldwide phenomenon of declining agricultural populations. The significance of agriculture may be measured in terms of income generated, numbers employed, and its contribution to the balance of payments. The latter is of particular importance to a small economy heavily dependent on international trade and suffering from a chronic balance of payments problem.
Nonparametric multimodal regression for circular data
Creators: name: Alonso-Pena, María
name: Crujeiras, Rosa M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multimodal regression estimation methods are introduced for regression models involving circular response and/or covariate. The regression estimators are based on the maximization of the conditional densities of the response variable over the covariate. Conditional versions of the mean shift and the circular mean shift algorithms are used to obtain the regression estimators. The asymptotic properties of the estimators are studied and the problem of bandwidth selection is discussed.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures
Genome-wide association study of body fat distribution traits in Hispanics/Latinos from the HCHS/SOL
Creators: name: Cruz, M.
name: Graff, M.
name: Hsueh, W.A.
name: Taylor, K.D.
name: North, K.E.
name: Isasi, C.R.
name: Tan, J.
name: Petty, L.
name: Raffel, L.J.
name: Gogarten, S.M.
name: Sánchez-Johnsen, L.
name: Sofer, T.
name: Buchanan, T.A.
name: Yao, J.
name: Highland, H.M.
name: Parra, E.
name: Ipp, E.
name: Allison, M.A.
name: Below, J.E.
name: Love, S.A.M.
name: Goodarzi, M.O.
name: Young, K.
name: Guo, X.
name: Justice, A.E.
name: Xiang, A.H.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Chen, Y.-D.I.
name: Palmas, W.
name: Rotter, J.I.
name: Valladares, A.
name: Hartwig, F.
name: Hanis, C.
name: Klimentidis, Y.C.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2021

description: Central obesity is a leading health concern with a great burden carried by ethnic minority populations, especially Hispanics/Latinos. Genetic factors contribute to the obesity burden overall and to inter-population differences. We aimed to identify the loci associated with central adiposity measured as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HIP) adjusted for body mass index (adjBMI) by using the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL); determine if differences in associations differ by background group within HCHS/SOL and determine whether previously reported associations generalize to HCHS/SOL. Our analyses included 7472 women and 5200 men of mainland (Mexican, Central and South American) and Caribbean (Puerto Rican, Cuban and Dominican) background residing in the USA. We performed genome-wide association analyses stratified and combined across sexes using linear mixed-model regression. We identified 16 variants for waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (WHRadjBMI), 22 for waist circumference adjusted for body mass index (WCadjBMI) and 28 for hip circumference adjusted for body mass index (HIPadjBMI), which reached suggestive significance (P < 1 × 10-6). Many loci exhibited differences in strength of associations by ethnic background and sex. We brought a total of 66 variants forward for validation in cohorts (N = 34 161) with participants of Hispanic/Latino, African and European descent. We confirmed four novel loci (P < 0.05 and consistent direction of effect, and P < 5 × 10-8 after meta-analysis), including two for WHRadjBMI (rs13301996, rs79478137); one for WCadjBMI (rs3168072) and one for HIPadjBMI (rs28692724). Also, we generalized previously reported associations to HCHS/SOL, (8 for WHRadjBMI, 10 for WCadjBMI and 12 for HIPadjBMI). Our study highlights the importance of large-scale genomic studies in ancestrally diverse Hispanic/Latino populations for identifying and characterizing central obesity susceptibility that may be ancestry-specific.
High-harmonic spectra of hexagonal nanoribbons from real-space time-dependent Schrödinger calculations
Creators: name: Drüeke, Helena
name: Bauer, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-harmonic spectroscopy is a promising candidate for imaging electronic structures and dynamics in condensed matter by all-optical means and with unprecedented temporal resolution. We investigate harmonic spectra from finite, hexagonal nanoribbons, such as graphene and hexagonal boron nitride, in armchair and zig-zag configuration. The symmetry of the system explains the existence and intensity of the emitted harmonics.
Local and Sustainable Food Supply: The Role of European Retail Consumer Co-operatives
Creators: name: Hingley, Martin
name: Mikkola, Minna
name: Canavari, Maurizio
name: Asioli, Daniele
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2011
Subjects: Local and sustainable food; retailer co-operatives; Europe; social responsibility

description: This paper investigates the rationale for local and sustainable food systems and retailer co-operatives as their entry points within local conditions. Emphasis is on localised food networks and connection between socially as well as environmentally sustainable production, distribution and consumption. Investigated is the premise that co-operative organisational structures, for reasons of their long-term socially responsible origins are at the forefront of development of local and sustainable food systems and are thereby in a position to offer a specific contribution to market development. Two key research questions are proposed: Firstly, is there a pre-determination of co-operatives to issues of sustainable and local food sourcing given the historical and practical context of their ethical/socially responsible and stakeholder-based business model? Secondly, do co-ops express support for re-localising food systems and what contribution do they make concerning sustainable food and their relationships with local food suppliers? The method of investigation is through a two country retailer co-operative sector analysis and comparison (Finland and Italy). The enquiry is qualitative and exploratory in nature in the form of an embedded, multiple case design. The paper makes practical and theoretical contribution to knowledge concerning interpretation of ‘localness’ in food, the role of co-operatives and the co-operative ethos in sustainable food systems and the development of the local food economy. Results of the study show a positive relationship between co-operative ethos and (social) sustainability in local food, but the de-centralised nature of retailer co-operation also provides a barrier to replication of good practice.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 2, No 4 (2011)
A GENERAL FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATION OF CNP'S GRAIN PRICE POLICIES IN COSTA RICA
Creators: name: Cervantes, Carlos F.
name: Cervantes, Carlos F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1975
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries

description: Among the different institutions through which the Costa Rican government influences production and internal marketing of agricultural commodities, the Consejo Nacional de Produccion (CNP) is the most important one. The Consejo is given by law a great deal of authority in fomenting production and stabilizing prices of food products. It is also entitled to perform a wide range of activities and marketing functions affecting the food system (buying and selling, assembling, transporting, storing and processing, importing and exporting, price fixing, input distribution, etc.). Because of the strategic role of agriculture in the country, and due to very significant influence of the Consejo's intervention upon production, marketing and consumption in particular, as well as rural and economic development in general its decisions have a lot of important economic and political consequences. In spite of all of these facts the Consejo's policies have not yet been comprehensive and systematically evaluated. Nor have the benefits and costs of current programs upon society been explicitly considered. Likewise, little attention has been paid to alternative types of programs and procedures that would permit goals to be achieved as efficiently as possible under changing and dynamic conditions.
Perceived Traceability Costs and Benefits in the Italian Fisheries Supply Chain
Creators: name: Asioli, Daniele
name: Boecker, Andreas
name: Canavari, Maurizio
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2011
Subjects: Traceability; firm characteristics; costs; benefits; Italy; fishery

description: The paper proposes a model in which it is hypothesized that firm characteristics influence both costs and benefits of traceability. The proposed model differentiates between aggregate measures and specific categories, as well as between expected costs and benefits on the one hand and perceived actual outcomes on the other, and is tested in a series of regression analyses based on a survey sample of 60 Italian fish processors. The findings indicate that firm characteristics are not strongly associated with any specific cost or benefit measure. However, expected overall benefits are highly significantly impacted by firm size and the number of quality management systems certified, while actual overall benefits only by firm size. Finally, the study also finds considerable discrepancies between expected and actual costs and benefits. The managerial implications of the findings are discussed.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 2, No 4 (2011)
Conjugate Logic
Creators: name: Johansson, Niklas
name: Huber, Felix
name: Larsson, Jan-Åke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a conjugate logic that can capture the behavior of quantum and quantum-like systems. The proposal is similar to the more generic concept of epistemic logic: it encodes knowledge or perhaps more correctly, predictions about outcomes of future observations on some systems. For a quantum system, these predictions are statements about future outcomes of measurements performed on specific degrees of freedom of the system. The proposed logic will include propositions and their relations including connectives, but importantly also transformations between propositions on conjugate degrees of freedom of the systems. A key point is the addition of a transformation that allows to convert propositions about single systems into propositions about correlations between systems. We will see that subtle choices of the properties of the transformations lead to drastically different underlying mathematical models; one choice gives stabilizer quantum mechanics, while another choice gives Spekkens' toy theory. This points to a crucial basic property of quantum and quantum-like systems that can be handled within the present conjugate logic by adjusting the mentioned choice. It also enables a discussion on what behaviors are properly quantum or only quantum-like, relating to that choice and how it manifests in the system under scrutiny.
description: 12 pages, v2: minor clarification in appendix B, v3: Clarifying title, minor adjustments of the text, v4: Typos corrected
New Parametrizations for the Photon Structure Function
Creators: name: Cornet, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the last year four new parametrizations of the Hadronic Photon Structure Function at Next to Leading Order have appeared. In this talk, I briefly review the main features of three of them: the FFNS_CJK, CJK and AFG.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures. Talk presented at the Photon 2005 Conference, Warsaw (Poland)
PARAGUAYAN SUPERMARKET DEVELOPMENT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PRODUCE INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Balsevich, Fernando
name: Balsevich, Fernando
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In the 1990s, the supermarket sector grew outpacing several times the economy's growth. Even when the sector was dominated by domestic firms and per capita income fell considerable, supermarkets increased their share on national Fresh Fruit and Vegetable (FFV) consumption from 10% in 1992 to 30% in 2001. The article analyses the rise of supermarkets and the impact of its procurement system on the produce industry using a value chain approach. It shows that as supermarket supply chains are buying less from domestic traditional wholesale markets and shifting toward importing, that means steadily falling demand for local suppliers. Also the implementation of international procurement systems put the growers in direct competition with the export markets but in their domestic markets.
МИКРОХИРУРГИЧЕСКОЕ УДАЛЕНИЕ ГЛУБИННО РАСПОЛОЖЕННОГО ТАЛАМИЧЕСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ (СЛУЧАЙ ИЗ ПРАКТИКИ).
Creators: name: Акрамов, О.З.
name: Аблязов, О.В.
name: Назарова, Л.А.
name: Ташматов, С.А.
name: Хусниддинов, Ш.Р.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: В этом тезисе будет рассмотрен вопрос оптимизации доступа при удалении глубинно расположенных опухолей у детей. Не смотря на развитие современных нейрохирургических возможностей и техник, глубинно расположенные опухоли представляют собой сложный вызов даже опытному нейрохирургу из-за вовлечения функционально значимых структур. В нашем случае мы попытались  оптимизировать доступы к образованию таламуса, с минимальным повреждением, максимальным сохранением естественной анатомии и неврологической функции, а также качества жизни у ребёнка с нейроонкологической проблемой.
ECONOMIC CONSIDERATION IN THE ADOPTION AND DIFFUSION OF FOOD LOSS REDUCTION INNOVATIONS IN THE MARKETING PROCESSES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Creators: name: Tolmos, Hugo C. Alvarez
name: Tolmos, Hugo C. Alvarez
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: It is universally recognized that there is a need for increasing the amount of food available for human consumption, and at the same time, for improving the mechanisms of distribution, with views towards making it possible for people to gain access to that food. Some people have manifested doubts about the possibility of adequately feeding the total human population, given the present trend in population growth and the state of the arts. Others, the majority, believe that solutions exist but, however, readjustments in the traditional programs are required. The previous attitude of confidence about the feasibility of achieving targeted goals in population growth and food production, one the implementation of well known solutions were possible, has changed to one of greater awareness about the complexity of both problems. Reducing the loss of food that occurs from harvest until its consumption has become one of the strategic points towards which the efforts of a great many national and international institutions have been directed. Thus, the emphasis of some years ago in increasing production has been coupled with attempts to make sure that food is accessible to a larger mass of consumers. In this perspective, the reduction in food losses might be seen as having a double impact. By minimizing losses, a greater amount of food would be immediately available and, at the same time, as costs and prices of food are likely to be reduced, the effective demand might be raised. Food loss reduction would, then, help to close the gap between potential and actual demand for food.
Formal Food-related Networks in Ireland: A Case Study Analysis
Creators: name: Henchion, Maeve
name: Sorenson, Douglas
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2011
Subjects: Case study analysis; Formal networks; Food SMEs; Innovation

description: Strategic networking is of crucial importance for innovation in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) as it enables these companies access external resources and overcome internal constraints. However, SMEs often lack the skills and competencies to engage in and benefit from networks. Consequently SMEs often fail in establishing strategic and efficient networks. To date, there is limited guidance available on the optimal design of such networks. Furthermore, limited guidance is available on the number of networks, and level of engagement therein, that companies should be involved with. Using case studies across a range of formal networks within the food sector in Ireland, insights into the success factors and barriers to network learning are presented, which provide a foundation for such guidelines. Three case studies were selected for analysis in Ireland. Up to ten in-depth interviews were scheduled with the network managers and key informants from the triple helix (i.e. policy, research and industry sectors) within each formal network. Initially, interviewees were identified as a result of a review of secondary sources and personal knowledge of the authors. The snowball sampling technique was then employed to identify additional interviewees within each network. The findings from this study revealed that some formal networks had a strong institutional influence, including significant financial inputs, whilst others had bottom-up origins. Many networks had strong levels of interaction prior to formalisation, which provided solid trust-based foundations. Innovation and/or learning were not the expressed objectives of all networks at the outset. However, interviewees across all three networks felt that positive impacts had been achieved in these areas. Whilst being involved in a broad network can provide access to a wider range of ideas, these case studies suggest that being involved in a smaller, dense network, with high levels of IP protection, may be supportive of high levels of innovation.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 2, No 4 (2011)
Almost Sure Convergence of Solutions to Non-Homogeneous Stochastic Difference Equation
Creators: name: Berkolaiko, Gregory
name: Rodkina, Alexandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 39A10, 39A11, 37H10, 34F05, 93E15

description: We consider a non-homogeneous nonlinear stochastic difference equation X_{n+1} = X_n (1 + f(X_n)ξ_{n+1}) + S_n, and its important special case X_{n+1} = X_n (1 + ξ_{n+1}) + S_n, both with initial value X_0, non-random decaying free coefficient S_n and independent random variables ξ_n. We establish results on \as convergence of solutions X_n to zero. The necessary conditions we find tie together certain moments of the noise ξ_n and the rate of decay of S_n. To ascertain sharpness of our conditions we discuss some situations when X_n diverges. We also establish a result concerning the rate of decay of X_n to zero.
description: 22 pages; corrected more typos, fixed LaTeX macros
Explaining Cosmological Anisotropy: Evidence for Causal Horizons from CMB data
Creators: name: Fosalba, Pablo
name: Gaztanaga, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of power asymmetry and other measures of statistical anisotropy on the largest scales of the universe, as manifested in Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and large-scale structure data, is a long-standing open question in cosmology. In this paper we analyze the Planck Legacy temperature anisotropy data and find strong evidence for a violation of the Cosmological principle of isotropy, with a probability of being a statistical fluctuation of order ~ 10^-9. The detected anisotropy is related to large-scale directional LCDM cosmological parameter variations across the CMB sky, that are sourced by three distinct patches in the maps with circularly-averaged sizes between 40 to 70 degrees in radius. We discuss the robustness of our findings to different foreground separation methods and analysis choices, and find consistent results from WMAP data when limiting the analysis to the same scales. We argue that these well-defined regions within the cosmological parameter maps may reflect finite and casually disjoint horizons across the observable universe. In particular we show that the observed relation between horizon size and mean dark energy density within a given horizon is in good agreement with expectations from a recently proposed model of the universe that explains cosmic acceleration and cosmological parameter tensions between the high and low redshift universe from the existence of casual horizons within our universe.
description: Minor Changes. Version accepted for publication in MNRAS
Genome-wide meta-analysis of muscle weakness identifies 15 susceptibility loci in older men and women
Creators: name: De Jager, P.L.
name: Sarnowski, C.
name: Lunetta, K.L.
name: Jones, G.
name: Trajanoska, K.
name: Yang, J.
name: Uitterlinden, A.G.
name: Fohner, A.E.
name: Karlsson, M.
name: Sicinski, K.
name: Langenberg, C.
name: Spira, D.
name: van der Velde, N.
name: Bandinelli, S.
name: Völker, U.
name: Windham, B.G.
name: Kuo, C.-L.
name: Odden, M.C.
name: Ghasemi, S.
name: Cvejkus, R.
name: Pilling, L.C.
name: Hong, S.
name: Walter, S.
name: Santanasto, A.J.
name: Murabito, J.M.
name: Ferrucci, L.
name: García, F.J.
name: Carnicero, J.A.
name: Grove, M.L.
name: Luan, J.
name: Kiel, D.P.
name: Kague, E.
name: Bertram, L.
name: Mellström, D.
name: Rodriguéz-Mañas, L.
name: Lewis, J.R.
name: Kuchel, G.A.
name: Teumer, A.
name: Zillikens, M.C.
name: Stringa, N.
name: Huisman, M.
name: Tanaka, T.
name: Wojczynski, M.K.
name: Bennett, D.A.
name: Atkins, J.L.
name: de Groot, L.C.P.G.M.
name: Tan, Q.
name: Karasik, D.
name: Nethander, M.
name: Psaty, B.M.
name: Boerwinkle, E.
name: Kocher, T.
name: Ohlsson, C.
name: Buchman, A.S.
name: Rivadeneira, F.
name: Duong, T.V.
name: Zmuda, J.
name: van Schoor, N.M.
name: Demuth, I.
name: Graff, M.
name: Melzer, D.
name: Wareham, N.J.
name: Herd, P.
name: Ackert-Bicknell, C.L.
name: Biggs, M.L.
name: Arking, D.E.
Publisher: name: Nature Research
Year: 2021

description: Low muscle strength is an important heritable indicator of poor health linked to morbidity and mortality in older people. In a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 256,523 Europeans aged 60 years and over from 22 cohorts we identify 15 loci associated with muscle weakness (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People definition: n = 48,596 cases, 18.9% of total), including 12 loci not implicated in previous analyses of continuous measures of grip strength. Loci include genes reportedly involved in autoimmune disease (HLA-DQA1p = 4 × 10−17), arthritis (GDF5p = 4 × 10−13), cell cycle control and cancer protection, regulation of transcription, and others involved in the development and maintenance of the musculoskeletal system. Using Mendelian randomization we report possible overlapping causal pathways, including diabetes susceptibility, haematological parameters, and the immune system. We conclude that muscle weakness in older adults has distinct mechanisms from continuous strength, including several pathways considered to be hallmarks of ageing.
PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS AND STRATEGIC PLANNING OF COFFEE PROCESSING AND MARKETING IN RWANDA: A CASE STUDY OF A COFFEE GROWERS' ASSOCIATION
Creators: name: Murekezi, Abdoul Karim
name: Murekezi, Abdoul Karim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The research paper investigates the profitability of investing in producing for the specialty coffee market, using the Maraba Association as a case study. The paper also develops a strategic analysis and plan for the same association. The study finds that investing in coffee processing and marketing by coffee growers' associations such as the Maraba Association is profitable as long as there is a market for high quality coffee. In addition, strategic analysis and planning identify key success factors as well as action strategies that should be implemented to enable the Maraba Association to be successful in the future.
Supercontinuum Generation by Saturated Second-Order Nonlinear Interactions
Creators: name: Jankowski, Marc
name: Langrock, Carsten
name: Desiatov, Boris
name: Loncar, Marko
name: Fejer, M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new approach to supercontinuum generation and carrier-envelope-offset detection based on saturated second-order nonlinear interactions in dispersion-engineered nanowaveguides. The technique developed here broadens the interacting harmonics by forming stable bifurcations of the pulse envelopes due to an interplay between phase-mismatch and pump depletion. We first present an intuitive heuristic model for spectral broadening by second-harmonic generation of femtosecond pulses, and show that this model agrees well with experiments. Then, having established strong agreement between theory and experiment, we develop scaling laws that determine the energy required to generate an octave of bandwidth as a function of input pulse duration, device length, and input pulse chirp. These scaling laws suggest that future realization based on this approach could enable supercontinuum generation with orders of magnitude less energy than current state-of-the-art devices.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Impact of Label Noise and Efficacy of Noise Filters in Software Defect Prediction
Creators: name: Azmain, Aquib
name: Khan, Shihab Shahriar
name: Nishat Tasnim Niloy
name: Ahmedul Kabir
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The 32nd International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, SEKE 2020, USA, pages 347-352.
Polarisation profiles of southern pulsars at 3.1 GHz
Creators: name: Karastergiou, A.
name: Johnston, S.
name: Manchester, R. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present polarisation profiles for 48 southern pulsars observed with the new 10-cm receiver at the Parkes telescope. We have exploited the low system temperature and high bandwidth of the receiver to obtain profiles which have good signal to noise for most of our sample at this relatively high frequency. Although, as expected, a number of profiles are less linearly polarised at 3.1 GHz than at lower frequencies, we identify some pulsars and particular components of profiles in other pulsars which have increased linear polarisation at this frequency. We discuss the dependence of linear polarisation with frequency in the context of a model in which emission consists of the superposition of two, orthogonally polarised modes. We show that a simple model, in which the orthogonal modes have different spectral indices, can explain many of the observed properties of the frequency evolution of both the linear polarisation and the total power, such as the high degree of linear polarisation seen at all frequencies in some high spin-down, young pulsars. Nearly all the position angle profiles show deviations from the rotating vector model; this appears to be a general feature of high-frequency polarisation observations.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Data Availability for Carbon Calculators in Measuring GHG Emissions Produced by the Food Sector
Creators: name: Amani, Pegah
name: Schiefer, Gerhard
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2011
Subjects: GHG emission; Carbon calculator; LCA databases; Food chain

description: The continuing increase in burning fossil fuels over recent decades along with the changing land use have resulted in a considerable increase in the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) which can potentially lead to climate change. Adaptation processes will become necessary in order to cope with these challenges in the future. Despite individuals’ and institutions’ willingness to reduce the amount of GHG emissions caused by their actions or their "carbon footprints", they may lack the knowledge to make effective choices. Carbon calculators have been developed to address these knowledge gaps by measuring and communicating the overall magnitude of the impacts and also the extent to which different behavior patterns contribute to GHG emissions. LCA databases, as providers of inventory data for carbon calculators, have an important role in helping to develop more complete and accurate tools to measure and report produced GHG emissions. For emissions-intensive behavior patterns, the food life cycle is a significant contributor to emissions resulting from activities including agriculture, processing, transport, storage, retail, consumption, and waste handling. This research seeks to classify and characterize these calculators and the agricultural activities or practices they cover, to provide the reader with an idea on the differences between these calculators, and why some of them could be more applicable to the food sector. The intent is to bring clarity to the discussion which could be a step forward in paving the way for the development of more reliable and comprehensive carbon calculators for measuring the GHG emissions of the food sector
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 2, No 4 (2011)
["Frog Story" and elicitation of sentences]
Creators: name: Santiago Francisco, José
name: Santiago Francisco, Miguel
name: McFarland, Teresa
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: tlp

description: 3 WAV files. Corresponds to pp. 60-66 of related field notes. Story, told by MSF, is file 001, with transcription and translation on pp. 60-63.
Self-focused attention, self-analysis, and rumination in everyday life : friend or foe?
Creators: name: Lavallee, Loraine F.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In the health psychology literature there has been a proliferation of research linking forms of self-attention to psychological distress, especially to depression. The broad conclusion that self-attention is harmful, however, challenges the central premise of self-regulation theory - a theory detailing the role of self-attention as the engine of an adaptive regulating system that enables people to achieve their goals. In an attempt to reconcile these perspectives, I conducted two studies to distinguish the forms and states of self-attention that serve an adaptive self-regulation function from those that create a vulnerability to depression. Both studies included a pretest and a daily diary component. Participants were pretested on trait self-attention, trait negative affectivity (Study 1), depression (Study 2), and a goal inventory. Study 2 included a follow-up session where participants again completed the depression inventory. For the diary component, participants described and rated the most negative event they experienced during the rating period (twice daily for 2 weeks in Study 1; once daily for 4 weeks in Study 2). Diary self-report measures of self-attention included: level of rumination (Study 1), initial self-analysis (Study 2), and multi-day-protracted attention (Study 2). After the diaries were completed, participants' event descriptions were coded for goal-relevance and level of self-focused attention (SFA). Consistent with self-regulation theory, participants' goal-related events elicited stronger self-attentional responses (higher levels of SFA, rumination, initial self-analysis, and protracted attention) than did their goal-unrelated events. These within-person effects were not moderated by the pretest measures, nor did they predict levels of emotional distress. Thus, in daily life it appears to be typical and not harmful for people to respond to goal-setbacks by engaging in elevated levels of introspection, self-analysis, and even negative, symptom-focused rumination. With respect to individual differences, people higher in pretest rumination and in chronic daily rumination, initial self-analysis and protracted attention experienced higher levels of emotional distress. Chronic daily levels of initial self-analysis and rumination predicted emotional distress after controlling for pretest levels of distress. Thus, self-attention appears to create a vulnerability to depression only when people have chronic difficulty containing initial levels of self-analysis and rumination in response to negative events.
BOTSWANA'S APPROACH TO DROUGHT: HOW DISASTER RELIEF CAN BE DEVELOPMENTAL
Creators: name: Siegle, Joe
name: Siegle, Joe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: International Development
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Integrating disaster relief and development is not a new concept. Addressing underlying problems that have made a society susceptible to disaster have their origins dating back to the Indian Famine Relief Codes of the 1860's. Today, this is a popular notion among many people involved with emergency response. Still, there are relatively few instances where disaster relief has emphasized both long and short term needs - cases from which other countries and international organizations can learn. The problem of not having a successful example from which to model relief responses has often been cited as creating a serious barrier to implementing successful relief-development responses during recent famines (Cutler and Stephenson, RDI, Garvelink). The need for an African success story during drought to be used as a model is particularly acute given the vast human and material losses caused by famine on that continent up to the present time. This paper will attempt to address this need by examining the developmental gains achieved by Botswana in the course of meeting the emergency needs caused by the 1981-1986 drought. This paper, therefore, represents a case study of a successful drought relief program, focusing on Botswana, supplemented with historical information and some assessments on how disaster relief can be better linked to development. While this paper will concentrate on famine, many of the same principles making an emergency intervention developmental apply as well to disasters in general. For this reason, the first section of this paper will explore the interrelationship between disasters and development, including a critique of the approach countries have conventionally taken to respond to disaster. Next, the conceptual logic for linking disaster relief to development will be reviewed. This section concludes with factors that can be used to measure the effectiveness of an emergency program. With this background in place, the case of Botswana will be examined. The evolution and present institutional structure of Botswana's Drought Relief Programme will be described, followed by an evaluation, using the factors outlined earlier, measuring the extent to which the 1981-1986 drought relief effort was developmental. The paper ends with a brief review of the key elements of the Botswana model.
Subharmonic Dynamics of Wave Trains in Reaction Diffusion Systems
Creators: name: Johnson, Mathew A.
name: Perkins, Wesley R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate the stability and nonlinear local dynamics of spectrally stable wave trains in reaction-diffusion systems. For each $N\in\mathbb{N}$, such $T$-periodic traveling waves are easily seen to be nonlinearly asymptotically stable (with asymptotic phase) with exponential rates of decay when subject to $NT$-periodic, i.e., subharmonic, perturbations. However, both the allowable size of perturbations and the exponential rates of decay depend on $N$, and, in particular, they tend to zero as $N\to\infty$, leading to a lack of uniformity in such subharmonic stability results. In this work, we build on recent work by the authors and introduce a methodology that allows us to achieve a stability result for subharmonic perturbations which is uniform in $N$. Our work is motivated by the dynamics of such waves when subject to perturbations which are localized (i.e. integrable on the line), which has recently received considerable attention by many authors.
description: 24 pages. Updated exposition and incorporated referee comments
Well-posed constrained evolution of 3+1 formulations of General Relativity
Creators: name: Paschalidis, V.
name: Khokhlov, A. M.
name: Novikov, I. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of well-posedness of constrained evolution of 3+1 formulations of GR. In this analysis we explicitly take into account the energy and momentum constraints as well as possible algebraic constraints on the evolution of high-frequency perturbations of solutions of Einstein's equations. In this respect, our approach is principally different from standard analyses of well-posedness of free evolution in general relativity. Our study reveals the existence of subsets of the linearized Einstein's equations that control the well-posedness of constrained evolution. It is demonstrated that the well-posedness of ADM, BSSN and other 3+1 formulations derived from ADM by adding combinations of constraints to the right-hand-side of ADM and/or by linear transformation of the dynamical ADM variables depends entirely on the properties of the gauge. For certain classes of gauges we formulate conditions for well-posedness of constrained evolution. This provides a new basis for constructing stable numerical integration schemes for a classical Arnowitt--Deser--Misner (ADM) and many other 3+1 formulations of general relativity.
description: Accepted to PRD, typos corrected, added references, extension of the analysis
Finding solutions to the integer case constraint satisfiability problem using Grover's algorithm
Creators: name: Vinod, Gayathree M.
name: Shaji, Anil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Constraint satisfiability problems, crucial to several applications, are solved on a quantum computer using Grover's search algorithm, leading to a quadratic improvement over the classical case. The solutions are obtained with high probability for several cases and are illustrated for the cases involving two variables for both 3- and 4-bit numbers. Methods are defined for inequality comparisons, and these are combined according to the form of the satisfiability formula, to form the oracle for the algorithm. The circuit is constructed using IBM Qiskit and is verified on an IBM simulator. It is further executed on one of the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) processors from IBM on the cloud. Noise levels in the processor at present are found to be too high for successful execution. Running the algorithm on the simulator with a custom noise model lets us identify the noise threshold for successful execution.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
Political Cycles : The Opposition Advantage
Creators: name: Gautier, Pascal
name: Soubeyran, Raphael
name: Gautier, Pascal
name: Soubeyran, Raphael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Political Economy

description: We propose a two dimensional infinite horizon model of public consumption in which investments are decided by a winner-take-all election. Investments in the two public goods create a linkage across periods and parties have different specialities. We show that the incumbent party vote share decreases the longer it stays in power. Parties chances of winning do not converge and, when the median voter is moderate enough, no party can maintain itself in power for ever. Finally, the more parties are specialized and the more public policies have long-term effects, the more political cycles are likely to occur.
Unit Weights of Paving Materials, for Estimating Quantities
Creators: name: Havens, James H.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1967
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Pursuant to our assignment, continuation issuing from the meeting of March 29, 1967, with Messers Brunnhoeffer, Mathis, et al, the Research Division staff performed specific-gravity tests on an ensemble of gravel samples furnished by Mr. Mays and made further evaluations of those and other data available -- that is, for the purpose of deriving the best or most judicious unit weights -- with a minimum of areal and mineralogical differentiation. Because of previously recognized variances in pavement densities, we elected to proceed on a theoretical basis. On the basis of assumed volume constants, it was possible to calculate theoretical unit weights. The real (measured) values of O.D., bulk, specific gravity and absorption were used in calculating the theoretical, unit weights for the respective aggregates.
An improved redshift indicator for Gamma-Ray Bursts, based on the prompt emission
Creators: name: Pélangeon, Alexandre
name: Atteia, Jean-Luc
name: Lamb, Don Q.
name: Ricker, George R.
name: Collaboration, the the HETE Science Team
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an improved version of the redshift indicator developed by Atteia (2003), which gets rid of the dependence on the burst duration and provides better estimates for high-redshift GRBs. We present the derivation and the definition of this redshift indicator, then its calibration with 17 GRBs with known redshifts detected by HETE-2 and 2 more detected by Konus-Wind. We also provide an estimation of the redshift for 59 bursts, and we finally discuss the redshift distribution of HETE-bursts and the possible other applications of this redshift indicator.
description: To appear in the proceedings of the 16th Annual October Astrophysics Conference in Maryland, "Gamma Ray Bursts in the Swift Era", Washington DC., November 29-December 2, 2005, 4 pages, 3 figures