Mischogyne gabonensis Gosline 2019, comb. et stat. nov.
Creators: name: Gosline, George
name: Marshall, Andrew R.
name: Larridon, Isabel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliales
Annonaceae
Mischogyne
Mischogyne gabonensis

description: <b>3. Mischogyne gabonensis (<i>Le Thomas) Gosline</i></b> <b>comb. et stat. nov.</b> http://www.ipni.org/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60478275-2 <i>Mischogyne elliotiana</i> (Engl. &amp; Diels) Le Thomas var. <i>gabonensis</i> Pellegr. ex Le Thomas, <i>Flore du Gabon</i> 16: 291 (1969). <i>Uoariastrum elliotianum</i> var. <i>gabonensis</i> Pellegr. (Pellegrin 1949), nom. nud. Type: Gabon, Mayumba, region de Nyanga, 26 Aug. 1914, <i>Le Testu</i> 1768 (hololectotype P, sheet here designated [P00315820]; isotypes BM! [BM 000547338], BR × 2* [BR 0000008801661, BR 0000008802330], LISC * [LISC 000379], P × 2* [P00315817, P00315818], W A G × 5 * [W A G0 1 7 5 0 9 8, W A G 0 1 7 5 0 9 9, WAG 0247284, WAG 0247285, WAG 0247286]). <i>Tree</i> 3 – 7 (– 25) m tall, up to 25 cm in diam., branches and twigs glabrous. <i>Taeigs</i> light grey to brown, striate. Shoot buds with light brown hairs 0.05 – 0.1 mm long. <i>Petioles</i> 5 – 10 mm long, 1.5 – 2 mm in diam., sparse indumentum of hairs 0.1 mm long or glabrous. <i>Leaf</i> lamina obovate, 8 – 16 cm long, 4 – 7 cm wide, length:width ratio 2 – 2.5, apex rounded, abruptly acuminate, acumen linear, 1 – 3 cm long, 0.5 – 1 cm wide at base, 0.2 – 0.4 at mid-length, base cuneate, coriaceous, glabrous on both sides, glossy green above and light green below when fresh, drying matte, olive to brown, lighter below; midrib glabrous above and below; secondary veins 6 – 9, ascendant at 30° – 50° from midrib to 20 – 40% of length of the leaf, anastomosing near margin. <i>Floaeers</i> with flower buds 0.7 – 1.3 cm long, 0.3 – 0.5 cm in diam. Pedicel 0.5 – 1.2 cm long, 0.3 – 0.9 mm in diam., pubescent, hairs 0.1 – 0.3 mm long, appressed, light brown. <i>Sepals</i> united into a thin membranous capsule, ovoid to conical, 0.7 – 1.3 cm long, 0.3 – 0.5 cm wide, length:width ratio 2 – 2.5, base rounded, apex acute or caudate (Fig. 2D). Calyx opens by rupturing, usually, into two parts drying dark brown, tomentose outside and inside, often the tips are lost leaving truncate “sepals”, thin, fragile and caducous. <i>Petals</i> narrowly elliptic, 1.4 – 1.6 cm long, 0.3 – 0.5 cm wide, length:width ratio 3 – 3.5, base truncate, apex acute, outer surface densely pubescent, hairs 0.1 – 0.3 mm long, appressed, light brown, inner surface tomentose becoming glabrous, white when fresh, inner surface dark brown in herbarium material. <i>Torus</i> truncated conical, 2.2 – 3 mm. long, 1.5 tapering to 1 mm diam., upper part densely pubescent. Stamens mounted spirally on lower 60% of torus but generally fallen in herbarium specimens; carpels at the top, divergent. <i>Stamens</i> 50 – 60, 1 – 3 mm long, 0.5 – 0.8 mm wide; yellow when fresh, filament 0.1 – 0.2 mm long, connective with an indumentum of hairs 0.1 mm long between thecae terminating in an extension of 0.1 – 0.2 mm. <i>Carpels</i> 3 – 7, 3 – 5.5 mm long, 1 – 1.5 mm in diam., densely pubescent, hairs 0.05 – 0.2 mm long, velvety, appressed, white; stigma sessile, bilobed, 1 – 1.1 mm long, 0.6 – 0.9 mm wide, glabrous, yellow drying black. <i>Fruits</i> nearly sessile with 1 – 3 ovoid monocarps 6 – 6.5 × 2.8 – 3.2 cm, green with white speckles. Seeds 6 in yellow pulp, 2 × 1.5 cm with an indumentum of fine white hairs (Fig. 5). <b>RECOGNITION</b>. Similar to <i>Mischogyne elliotiana</i> in its flowers and fruits. Distinct in being a medium-sized tree to 25 m tall rather than a small tree or shrub 3 – 10 m tall; in having 3 – 7 carpels rather than 7 – 12; and in having sepals united in a capsular membranous calyx rather than three free reduplicate-valvate sepals; in the carpel indumentum velvety appressed with hairs 0.05 – 2 mm long, rather than with longer bristly semi-erect hairs 0.8 – 1 mm long. <b>DISTRIBUTION</b>. Cameroon, Bioko (Equatorial Guinea), Gabon (Map 1). <b>SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CAMEROON. South Region: Nkoolong, Environs de Nko'olong, 30 km E Campo, <i>B. Satabié</i> 978 (YA not seen)</b> . Southwest Region: Njonji, Fako, along path to the lake., 200 m, [4°6' 8°59'], fr, 26 Sept. 2001, <i>D. Kenfack</i> 1545 (MO *); Bakingili, Mount Cameroon National Park, Bakingili trail, above Bakingili village, 449 m, fl, 2 April 2016, <i>T. L. P. Couoreur</i> 1033 (photos only). <b>EQUATORIAL GUINEA</b>. Bioko: Moaba - Moka Trail / Pt 141 - Pt 139, 300 m, [3°16' 8°38'6"], fl, 15 March 2007, <i>W. R. Q. Luke</i> 11941 (K!). <b>GABON</b>. Nyanga Province: Mayumba, région du Nyanga., 24 m, [3°25' 10°40'], fl, 26 Aug. 1914, <i>G. M. P. C. Le Testu</i> 1768 (BM *, BR *, L*, LISC *, P*). <b>HABITAT</b>. Lowland evergreen rain forest. <b>CONSERVATION STATUS</b>. This taxon is only known from four locations: (1) The Mt Cameroon sites are at the edge of the Mt Cameroon National Park but not within it and subject to community logging. (2) The specimen from the south of Cameroon is not in the Campo-Ma’ an National Park, but in an area designat- ed as a production forest. (3) Specimens from Bioko are from within the Reserva Científica de la Caldera de Luba. The forest in the reserve is described as pristine, but a new road is already increasing development pressure in the area (Cronin <i>et al.</i> 2015). (4) The exact location of the Gabonese specimen from Mayumba is unknown and it is not clear that it still exists. A “sustainable” development, including forestry, is planned for the Mayumba area (http:// www.sfmafrica.co.za/projects/gabon). There are threats to plants in three of the four known locations. From the known specimens we compute an AOO of 24 km 2 and an EOO of 66192 km 2. This justifies an IUCN category of Endangered B2ab(ii). <b>PHENOLOGY</b>. Flowering in January, November. Fruiting November. <b>ETYMOLOGY</b>. Meaning ̒from Gabon ̓. <b>VERNACULAR NAME</b>. None recorded. <b>USES</b>. None recorded. <b>NOTES</b>. Annick Le Thomas (1969) described this taxon as a variety in the <i>Flore du Gabon</i> based on Pellegrin’ s nomum nudum <i>Uoariastrum elliotianum</i> (Engl. &amp; Diels) Sprague &amp; Hutch. var. <i>gabonensis.</i> Her diagnosis distinguishes the variety by fewer carpels (4 – 5) with an attenuate apex and sepals and pedicels puberulent. Her full description appears to be based on <i>Mischogyne elliotiana</i>, and the distinctive capsular calyx is not described. The specimens from Mt Cameroon occur in one of the wettest environments in Africa with over 4000 mm ppa. Couvreur records the tree as up to 25 m tall, 25 cm diam. (<i>T. L. P. Couoreur</i> 1033), which makes it quite distinct from the smaller and more branched <i>Mischogyne elliotiana</i>. The leaves also have a longer and often linear acumen. This evidence justifies raising this taxon to the species level. David Kenfack photographed fruits of this species (<i>D. Kenfack</i> 1545) showing hairy seeds (Fig. 6D). Hairy seeds are known from only a few genera (Setten <i>et al.</i> 1992) and this bears further investigation.
description: Published as part of <i>Gosline, George, Marshall, Andrew R. &amp; Larridon, Isabel, 2019, Revision and new species of the African genus Mischogyne (Annonaceae), pp. 1-23 in Kew Bulletin 74 (28)</i> on pages 13-14, DOI: 10.1007/S12225-019-9804-7, http://zenodo.org/record/3345047
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