cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Phase separation and pattern formation in a binary Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Sabbatini, Jacopo
name: Zurek, Wojciech H.
name: Davis, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The miscibility-immiscibility phase transition in binary Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) can be controlled by a coupling between the two components. Here we propose a new scheme that uses coupling-induced pattern formation to test the Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) of topological-defect formation in a quantum phase transition. For a binary BEC in a ring trap we find that the number of domains forming the pattern scales with the coupling quench rate with an exponent as predicted by the KZM. For a binary BEC in an elongated harmonic trap we find a different scaling law due to the transition being spatially inhomogeneous. We perform a "simulation" of the harmonically trapped system in a ring trap to verify the scaling exponent.
description: 4 pages, 3 figure
Analytic calculations of the spectra of ultra high energy cosmic ray nuclei. II. The general case of background radiation
Creators: name: Aloisio, R.
name: Berezinsky, V.
name: Grigorieva, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the problem of ultra high energy nuclei propagation in extragalactic background radiations. The present paper is the continuation of the accompanying paper I where we have presented three new analytic methods to calculate the fluxes and spectra of ultra high energy cosmic ray nuclei, both primary and secondary, and secondary protons. The computation scheme in this paper is based on the analytic solution of coupled kinetic equations, which takes into account the continuous energy losses due to the expansion of the universe and pair-production, together with photo-disintegration of nuclei. This method includes in the most natural way the production of secondary nuclei in the process of photo-disintegration of the primary nuclei during their propagation through extragalactic background radiations. In paper I, in order to present the suggested analytical schemes of calculations, we have considered only the case of the cosmic microwave background radiation, in the present paper we generalize this computation to all relevant background radiations, including infra-red and visible/ultra-violet radiations, collectively referred to as extragalactic background light. The analytic solutions allow transparent physical interpretation of the obtained spectra. Extragalactic background light plays an important role at intermediate energies of ultra high energy cosmic ray nuclei. The most noticeable effect of the extragalactic background light is the low-energy tail in the spectrum of secondary nuclei.
description: The paper is the second part of a two papers series, it is composed by 25 pages and 16 eps figures, version accepted for publication on Astroparticle Physics
Cellular Immune Responses and Immune Escape Mechanisms in Breast Cancer: Determinants of Immunotherapy
Creators: name: Domschke, Christoph
name: Schneeweiss, Andreas
name: Stefanovic, Stefan
name: Wallwiener, Markus
name: Heil, Jörg
name: Rom, Joachim
name: Sohn, Christof
name: Beckhove, Philipp
name: Schuetz, Florian
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Breast cancer, Cellular immunity, Immune escape, Immunoediting, Immunosurveillance, Immunotherapy
subject: 610 Medizin

description: More recently, immunotherapy has emerged as a novel potentially effective therapeutic option also for solid malignancies such as breast cancer (BC). Relevant approaches, however, are determined by the 2 main elements of cancer immunoediting - the elimination of nascent transformed cells by immunosurveillance on the one hand and tumor immune escape on the other hand. Correspondingly, we here review the role of the various cellular immune players within the host-protective system and dissect the mechanisms of immune evasion leading to tumor progression. If the immune balance of disseminated BC cell dormancy (equilibrium phase) is lost, distant metastatic relapse may occur. The relevant cellular antitumor responses and translational immunotherapeutic options will also be discussed in terms of clinical benefit and future directions in BC management.
Authorship and the Boundaries of Copyright: Ideas, Expressions, and Functions in Yoga, Choreography, and Other Works
Creators: Buccafusco, Christopher
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Law and art
subject: Intellectual property
subject: Copyright--Art
subject: Copyright--Choreography
subject: Copyright
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: One man created a series of bodily movements to be performed with musical accompaniment by a group of people. Another man created a different series of bodily movements to be performed with different musical accompaniment also by a group of people. The first man was Vaslav Nijinsky, and the creation was the choreography for the ballet Le Sacré du Printemps. The second man was Richard Simmons, and the creation was Sweatin’ to the Oldies. Is there a difference between these creations for purposes of their copyrightability? If so, where does it lie?
A Unified Generative Retriever for Knowledge-Intensive Language Tasks via Prompt Learning
Creators: name: Chen, Jiangui
name: Zhang, Ruqing
name: Guo, Jiafeng
name: de Rijke, Maarten
name: Liu, Yiqun
name: Fan, Yixing
name: Cheng, Xueqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Knowledge-intensive language tasks (KILTs) benefit from retrieving high-quality relevant contexts from large external knowledge corpora. Learning task-specific retrievers that return relevant contexts at an appropriate level of semantic granularity, such as a document retriever, passage retriever, sentence retriever, and entity retriever, may help to achieve better performance on the end-to-end task. But a task-specific retriever usually has poor generalization ability to new domains and tasks, and it may be costly to deploy a variety of specialised retrievers in practice. We propose a unified generative retriever (UGR) that combines task-specific effectiveness with robust performance over different retrieval tasks in KILTs. To achieve this goal, we make two major contributions: (i) To unify different retrieval tasks into a single generative form, we introduce an n-gram-based identifier for relevant contexts at different levels of granularity in KILTs. And (ii) to address different retrieval tasks with a single model, we employ a prompt learning strategy and investigate three methods to design prompt tokens for each task. In this way, the proposed UGR model can not only share common knowledge across tasks for better generalization, but also perform different retrieval tasks effectively by distinguishing task-specific characteristics. We train UGR on a heterogeneous set of retrieval corpora with well-designed prompts in a supervised and multi-task fashion. Experimental results on the KILT benchmark demonstrate the effectiveness of UGR on in-domain datasets, out-of-domain datasets, and unseen tasks.
description: Accepted by SIGIR 2023
The Cluster Lensing and Supernova Survey with Hubble (CLASH): Strong Lensing Analysis of Abell 383 from 16-Band HST WFC3/ACS Imaging
Creators: name: Zitrin, A.
name: Broadhurst, T.
name: Coe, D.
name: Umetsu, K.
name: Postman, M.
name: Benítez, N.
name: Meneghetti, M.
name: Medezinski, E.
name: Jouvel, S.
name: Bradley, L.
name: Koekemoer, A.
name: Zheng, W.
name: Ford, H.
name: Merten, J.
name: Kelson, D.
name: Lahav, O.
name: Lemze, D.
name: Molino, A.
name: Nonino, M.
name: Donahue, M.
name: Rosati, P.
name: Van der Wel, A.
name: Bartelmann, M.
name: Bouwens, R.
name: Graur, O.
name: Graves, G.
name: Host, O.
name: Infante, L.
name: Jha, S.
name: Jimenez-Teja, Y.
name: Lazkoz, R.
name: Maoz, D.
name: McCully, C.
name: Melchior, P.
name: Moustakas, L. A.
name: Ogaz, S.
name: Patel, B.
name: Regoes, E.
name: Riess, A.
name: Rodney, S.
name: Seitz, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the inner mass distribution of the relaxed galaxy cluster Abell 383 in deep 16-band HST/ACS+WFC3 imaging taken as part of the CLASH multi-cycle treasury program. Our program is designed to study the dark matter distribution in 25 massive clusters, and balances depth with a wide wavelength coverage to better identify lensed systems and generate precise photometric redshifts. This information together with the predictive strength of our strong-lensing analysis method identifies 13 new multiply-lensed images and candidates, so that a total of 27 multiple-images of 9 systems are used to tightly constrain the inner mass profile, $d\log Σ/d\log r\simeq -0.6\pm 0.1$ (r<160 kpc). We find consistency with the standard distance-redshift relation for the full range spanned by the lensed images, 1.01
description: 15 pages, 14 figures, 2 tabels; V3 matches the submitted version later published in ApJ
Primitive Divisors of Certain Elliptic Divisibility Sequences
Creators: name: Voutier, Paul
name: Yabuta, Minoru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G05, 11A41

description: Let $P$ be a non-torsion point on the elliptic curve $E_{a}: y^{2}=x^{3}+ax$. We show that if $a$ is fourth-power-free and either $n>2$ is even or $n>1$ is odd with $x(P)<0$ or $x(P)$ a perfect square, then the $n$-th element of the elliptic divisibility sequence generated by $P$ always has a primitive divisor.
description: version accepted for publication. Difference of heights result moved to http://arxiv.org/abs/1104.4645 and improved. Proof simplified to remove need for special cases when n>20
The Peripheral and Intratumoral Immune Cell Landscape in Cancer Patients: A Proxy for Tumor Biology and a Tool for Outcome Prediction
Creators: name: Schnell, Annette
name: Schmidl, Christian
name: Herr, Wolfgang
name: Siska, Peter J.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: tumor; tumor-infiltrating; peripheral blood; immune cells; prognosis; prediction; tools
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Functional systemic and local immunity is required for effective anti-tumor responses. In addition to an active engagement with cancer cells and tumor stroma, immune cells can be affected and are often found to be dysregulated in cancer patients. The impact of tumors on local and systemic immunity can be assessed using a variety of approaches ranging from low-dimensional analyses that are performed on large patient cohorts to multi-dimensional assays that are technically and logistically challenging and are therefore confined to a limited sample size. Many of these strategies have been established in recent years leading to exciting findings. Not only were analyses of immune cells in tumor patients able to predict the clinical course of the disease and patients’ survival, numerous studies also detected changes in the immune landscape that correlated with responses to novel immunotherapies. This review will provide an overview of established and novel tools for assessing immune cells in tumor patients and will discuss exemplary studies that utilized these techniques to predict patient outcomes.
On backward stochastic differential equations approach to valuation of American options
Creators: name: Klimsiak, Tomasz
name: Rozkosz, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the problem of valuation of American (call and put) options written on a dividend paying stock governed by the geometric Brownian motion. We show that the value function has two different but related representations: by means of a solution of some nonlinear backward stochastic differential equation and weak solution to some semilinear partial differential equation.
Quantum Efficiency of Intermediate-Band Solar Cells Based on Non-Compensated n-p Codoped TiO2
Creators: name: Wu, Fengcheng
name: Lan, Haiping
name: Zhang, Zhenyu
name: Cui, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As an appealing concept for developing next-generation solar cells, intermediate-band solar cells (IBSCs) promise to drastically increase the quantum efficiency of photovoltaic conversion. Yet to date, a standing challenge lies in the lack of materials suitable for developing IBSCs. Recently, a new doping approach, termed non-compensated n-p codoping, has been proposed to construct intermediate bands (IBs) in the intrinsic energy band gaps of oxide semiconductors such as TiO$_2$. We explore theoretically the optimal quantum efficiency of IBSCs based on non-compensated n-p codoped TiO$_2$ under two different design schemes. The first preserves the ideal condition that no electrical current be extracted from the IB. The corresponding maximum quantum efficiency for the codoped TiO$_2$ can reach 52.7%. In the second scheme, current is also extracted from the IB, resulting in a further enhancement in the maximum efficiency to 56.7%. Our findings also relax the stringent requirement that the IB location be close to the optimum value, making it more feasible to realize IBSCs with high quantum efficiencies.
Evidence-Based Medicine in Daily Surgical Decision Making: A Survey-Based Comparison between the UK and Germany
Creators: name: Schnitzbauer, Andreas A.
name: Proneth, Andrea
name: Pengel, Liset
name: Ansorg, Joerg
name: Anthuber, Matthias
name: Bechstein, Wolf O.
name: Schlitt, Hans J.
name: Geissler, Edward K.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Evidenced-based medicine, Daily surgical decision making, Survey-based comparison, UK, Germany
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background: Evidence-based medicine (EbM) is a vital part of reasonable and conclusive decision making for clinicians in daily clinical work. To analyze the knowledge and the attitude of surgeons towards EbM, a survey was performed in the UK and Germany. Methods: A web-based questionnaire was distributed via mailing lists from the Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCSE) and the Berufsverband Deutscher Chirurgen (BDC). Our primary aim was to get information about knowledge of EbM amongst German and British surgeons. Results: A total of 549 individuals opened the questionnaire, but only 198 questionnaires were complete and valid for analysis. In total, 40,000 recipients were approached via the mailing lists of the BDC and RCSE. The response rate was equally low in both countries. On a scale from 1 (unimportant) to 10 (very important), all participants rated EbM as very important for daily clinical decision making (7.3 ± 1.9) as well as for patients (7.8 ± 1.9) and the national health system (7.8 ± 1.9). On a scale from 1 (unimportant) to 5 (very important), systematic reviews (4.6 ± 0.6) and randomized controlled trials (4.6 ± 0.6) were identified as the highest levels of study designs to enhance evidence in medicine. British surgeons considered EbM to be more important in daily clinical work when compared to data from German surgeons (7.9 ± 1.6 vs. 6.7 ± 2.1, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed different results in some categories; however, a pattern to explain the differences was not evident. Personal requirements expressed in a free text field emphasized the results and reflected concerns such as broad unwillingness and lack of interdisciplinary approaches for patients (n = 59: 25 in the UK and 34 in Germany). Conclusion: The overall results show that EbM is believed to be important by surgeons in the UK and Germany. However, perception of EbM in the respective health system (UK vs. Germany) may be different. Nonetheless, EbM is an important tool to navigate through daily clinical problems although a discrepancy between the knowledge of theoretical abstract terms and difficulties in implementing EbM in daily clinical work has been detected. The provision of infrastructure, courses and structured education as a permanent instrument will advance the knowledge, application and improvement of EbM in the future.
Global Class and the Commercial-Sexual Exploitation of Children: Toward A Multidimensional Understanding
Creators: Javidan, Pantea
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Post-racialism
subject: Feminism
subject: Equality
subject: Sex and law
subject: Child sexual abuse
subject: Human trafficking
subject: Social classes
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This Essay draws together several focal points of the Third Annual National People of Color Conference in 2010, human trafficking, racial contexts, criminal law, immigration law and international law, while addressing the core theme of post-racialism and other "posts."  The purpose of this Essay is three-fold. First, it challenges the notion that we live in a post-race, post-class, or post-feminist environment in which race, class and gender disparities in contemporary law and society have diminished or are diminishing to a point at which discussing inequalities along these lines is unavailing. Second, using a Multidimensional approach that includes childhood and age as significant dimensions of inequality, this Essay develops a concept of class to enhance Critical Class Theory ("Class Crits"). Third, it challenges "the posts" through a social problem that epitomizes "multidimensional subordination"—child sex trafficking—with particular focus on the commercial sexual exploitation of children through prostitution in the United States.
Spatial birth-death swap chains
Creators: name: Huber, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Markov chains have long been used for generating random variates from spatial point processes. Broadly speaking, these chains fall into two categories: Metropolis-Hastings type chains running in discrete time and spatial birth-death chains running in continuous time. These birth-death chains only allow for removal of a point or addition of a point. In this paper it is shown that the addition of transitions where a point is moved from one location to the other can aid in shortening the mixing time of the chain. Here the mixing time of the chain is analyzed through coupling, and use of the swap moves allows for analysis of a broader class of chains. Furthermore, these swap moves can be employed in perfect sampling algorithms via the dominated coupling from the past procedure of Kendall and Møller. This method can be applied to any pairwise interaction model with repulsion. In particular, an application to the Strauss process is developed in detail, and the swap chains are shown to be much faster than standard birth-death chains.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/10-BEJ350 the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm)
JWST Spectroscopic View of a Rapidly Growing Dust-obscured Quasar at $z \sim 4$: Effect of Dust Extinction Correction on Black Hole Mass and Eddington Ratio Estimation
Creators: name: Kim, Dohyeong
name: Im, Myungshin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the merger-driven galaxy evolution scenario, the central supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in dust obscured galaxies grow rapidly. Interestingly, a recent work \citep{suh24} on a dust-obscured galaxy, LID-568 at $z=3.965$, has shown that its SMBH is growing extremely fast at about 40 times of the Eddington-limited accretion rate (i.e., super-Eddington accretion). However, the heavy dust extinction of the host galaxy could affect the result if not corrected properly. Here, we analyze James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRSpec/IFU and MIRI spectra of LID-568. By measuring its bolometric luminosity ($L_{\rm bol}$) and BH mass ($M_{\rm BH}$) using an extinction-free estimator based on mid-infrared spectra, we obtain $L_{\rm bol} = 10^{46.83\pm0.07}\,{\rm erg\,s^{-1}}$ and $M_{\rm BH} = 10^{8.43\pm0.15}\,M_{\odot}$. The measured Eddington ratio ($λ_{\rm Edd}$) is 1.97$\pm$0.88, consistent with the accretion rate at the Eddington limit; in other words, not in super-Eddington in a significant manner. This result underscores challenges and the importance of carefully considering dust extinction when analyzing the BH growth in dust-obscured quasars.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Comparative Analysis of Gender-Related Differences in Symptoms and Referral Patterns prior to Initial Diagnosis of Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: A Prospective Cohort Study
Creators: name: Aziz, Atiqullah
name: Madersbacher, Stephan
name: Ott, Wolfgang
name: Mayr, Roman
name: Comploj, Evi
name: Pycha, Armin
name: Denzinger, Stefan
name: Fritsche, Hans-Martin
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Urinary bladder neoplasms Carcinoma, Transitional cell, Sex characteristics, Referrals
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Objective: To analyze gender-specific differences regarding clinical symptoms, referral patterns and tumor biology prior to initial diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). Methods: A consecutive series of patients with an initial diagnosis of UCB was included. All patients completed a questionnaire on demographics, clinical symptoms and referral patterns. Results: In total, 68 patients (50 men, 18 women) with newly diagnosed UCB at admission for transurethral resection of bladder tumors were recruited. Dysuria was more often observed in women (55.6 vs. 38.0%, p = 0.001). Direct consultation of the urologist was conducted by 84.0% of males and 66.7% of females (p = 0.120). One third of the women saw their general practitioner and/or gynecologist once or twice (p = 0.120) before referral to the urologist. Furthermore, women were significantly more often treated for urinary tract infections than men (61.1 vs. 20.0%, p = 0.005). Cystoscopy at first presentation to the urologist was more often performed in men than women (88.0 vs. 66.7%, p = 0.068), with a more favorable tumor detection rate at first cystoscopy in men (96.0 vs. 50.0%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Delayed referral patterns might lead to deferred diagnosis of UCB and consequently to adverse outcome. Thus, primary care physicians might consider referring patients with bladder complaints to specialized care earlier.
Biochar for the Brazilian Cerrado : contributions to soil quality and plant growth
Creators: name: Speratti, Alicia Beatriz
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Arenosols (sandy soils) in the Cerrado region of Mato Grosso, Brazil are increasingly used for maize production. These soils are typically nutrient poor with low soil water retention. Since biochar has been shown to improve both nutrient and water retention, this thesis aimed to evaluate biochar effect on physical and chemical properties of a Cerrado Arenosol using four biomass wastes (cotton husks, swine manure, eucalyptus sawmill residue, and sugarcane filtercake) pyrolyzed at three temperatures (400°, 500°, 600°C). These biomass wastes were chosen based on their prevalence in the state of Mato Grosso and their environmental impact. Three greenhouse experiments were carried out with the following objectives: 1) to assess the effects of biochar feedstock type and temperature of pyrolysis on soil water retention; 2) to examine the effect of different biochars on soil nutrients and maize growth applied to soil at different rates, and 3) to observe how different biochar feedstocks and temperatures of pyrolysis affect DOC and NO₃- leaching from a Cerrado Arenosol. All the biochars showed potential to reduce water drainage in the soil compared to the control (no biochar). At application rates 1-4% w/w, filtercake biochar led to the highest mean biomass compared to the other biochars. Eucalyptus biochar did not contribute much to soil fertility, but filtercake biochar led to high soil nutrient concentrations, e.g. Ca, Fe, Mn. Although swine manure biochar was rich in nutrients, low plant biomass in the cotton and swine manure biochar treatments was likely due to higher pH, salinity, and/or excessive water retention. Lastly, DOC and NO₃- concentrations were low in leachate from soils with filtercake and eucalyptus biochars, and high in leachate from soils with cotton and swine manure biochars. This thesis provides an outlook of the agronomic potential of these biochars. Further analyses, such as their effect on soil biological properties, are required to develop well-rounded biochar-soil management practices for Cerrado Arenosols.
Latin Jazz: The Other Jazz
Creators: Washburne, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Music

description: Since the mid-1940s the jazz scene in the United States has been gradually
moving away from playing a significant role in mainstream popular
culture to a more marginalized one, aligning itself with practices associated
with Western art music traditions. For jazz musicians, this shift from
"popular" to "high art" status has proven advantageous in some respects,
awarding an unprecedented level of respectability and increased recognition
of artistic merit. This is particularly significant, though bittersweet,
for many African American jazz innovators who after persevering for years
through much racial strife, are finally receiving long overdue accolades.
The road from brothels and speakeasys to Lincoln Center was a long and
hard-fought one. Doors to institutional funding, concert halls, and universities
(i.e., "the privileged white establishment") are open to the jazz
world to an unprecedented extent. Programs such as Jazz at Lincoln
Center certainly can be seen as a victory for those musicians and proponents
of jazz, such as John Lewis, Milt Jackson, Charles Mingus, Leonard
Feather, Barry Ulanov, Stanley Crouch, and Albert Murray, among others,
who have demanded that the music be taken seriously and afforded a
respectability absent in much of its history.
Along with newly-established jazz programs in colleges and concert
halls has come a demand for jazz scholarship to both supply teaching materials
and to determine a canon of "great works" to be preserved through
performance. A subject worthy of study is also worthy of rigorous academic
analysis and documentation, and accordingly, numerous doctoral
dissertations in recent years have focused on jazz. No longer is the construction
of jazz historical narratives left primarily to musicians, journalists,
and critics; they are now also being written by trained scholars in
musicology, ethnomusicology, history, and cultural studies. With the
emergence of this new literature and strong institutional support, as well
as the release of influential documentaries and compilations, such as Ken
Burns's Jazz and its spin-off recordings, we are at an important juncture in
the construction of the jazz historical narrative. Now is an opportune time,
as the canon is being reconstructed, to stop and ask, what history is being
written? What history is being unwritten?
First-principles calculations of phase transition, elasticity, and thermodynamic properties for TiZr alloy
Creators: name: Wang, Bao-Tian
name: Li, Wei-Dong
name: Zhang, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: tructural transformation, pressure dependent elasticity behaviors, phonon, and thermodynamic properties of the equiatomic TiZr alloy are investigated by using first-principles density-functional theory. Our calculated lattice parameters and equation of state for $α$ and $ω$ phases as well as the phase transition sequence of $α$$\mathtt{\rightarrow}$$ω$$\mathtt{\rightarrow}$$β$ are consistent well with experiments. Elastic constants of $α$ and $ω$ phases indicate that they are mechanically stable. For cubic $β$ phase, however, it is mechanically unstable at zero pressure and the critical pressure for its mechanical stability is predicted to equal to 2.19 GPa. We find that the moduli, elastic sound velocities, and Debye temperature all increase with pressure for three phases of TiZr alloy. The relatively large $B/G$ values illustrate that the TiZr alloy is rather ductile and its ductility is more predominant than that of element Zr, especially in $β$ phase. Elastic wave velocities and Debye temperature have abrupt increase behaviors upon the $α$$\mathtt{\rightarrow}$$ω$ transition at around 10 GPa and exhibit abrupt decrease feature upon the $ω$$\mathtt{\rightarrow}$$β$ transition at higher pressure. Through Mulliken population analysis, we illustrate that the increase of the \emph{d}-band occupancy will stabilize the cubic $β$ phase. Phonon dispersions for three phases of TiZr alloy are firstly presented and the $β$ phase phonons clearly indicate its dynamically unstable nature under ambient condition. Thermodynamics of Gibbs free energy, entropy, and heat capacity are obtained by quasiharmonic approximation and Debye model.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
Creep Life Assessment of IGT25 Gas Turbine Combustor for Offshore Applications
Creators: name: Sam-Daliri, Omid
name: Safari, Naemeh
name: Soroudi, Mohammad Ali
name: Alizadeh, Mohammad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: AbstractThe Iranian gas turbine (IGT25) suffers from the sea salt when they are placed in offshore situations. The sea salt may deposit on the internal surface of the combustion chamber at high temperature. The comprised salt may create creep damage and decrease combustor lifetime. In the present study, creep life of IGT25 gas turbine was predicted based on the stress and strain results obtained from the numerical simulation. Creep life was estimated based on the damage recognized in combustion chamber by using Norton and Larson Miller methods. It was concluded that the strain rate may change at high temperatures. The creep life of the combustion chamber was decreased about 12.32%, where the strain rate has increased by 100%.
Reliability of upper pharyngeal airway assessment using dental CBCT
Creators: name: Zimmerman, Jason Noah
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Introduction: Upper airway analysis is an often-cited use of CBCT imaging in orthodontics, however the reliability of airway measurements using this technology is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability of the complete process of volumetric and cross-sectional area assessments of the upper airway using CBCT imaging. Methods: Five examiners of varying levels of education and clinical experience performed manual orientation, slice and threshold selection, and measured nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and total upper pharyngeal airway volumes in addition to minimum cross-sectional area on the CBCT images of 10 patients. All measurements were repeated after 4-weeks. Intra and inter-examiner reliability was calculated using ICC and 95% CI. Results: Threshold selection showed poor intra and inter-examiner reliability, while minimum cross-sectional area showed moderate intra and poor inter-examiner reliability. Intra-examiner reliability of volumetric measurements varied based on the anatomical region assessed with ICC ranging from 0.747-0.976, and was worst for hypopharynx and best for the oropharynx. Inter-examiner reliability of volume measurements was generally lower, with ICC ranging from 0.175-0.945, and was worst for nasopharynx and best for the oropharynx. Conclusions: This study, for the first time, assessed the reliability of upper airway analysis with CBCT when all steps of image processing and measurement are performed by each examiner. Reliability improved with examiner experience, though was generally low for the hypopharynx and nasopharynx volumes and overall minimal cross sectional area. The oropharyngeal volume was the only parameter to have excellent intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability.
The Power of Typed Affine Decision Structures: A Case Study
Creators: name: Nolte, Gerrit
name: Schlüter, Maximilian
name: Murtovi, Alnis
name: Steffen, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: TADS are a novel, concise white-box representation of neural networks. In this paper, we apply TADS to the problem of neural network verification, using them to generate either proofs or concise error characterizations for desirable neural network properties. In a case study, we consider the robustness of neural networks to adversarial attacks, i.e., small changes to an input that drastically change a neural networks perception, and show that TADS can be used to provide precise diagnostics on how and where robustness errors a occur. We achieve these results by introducing Precondition Projection, a technique that yields a TADS describing network behavior precisely on a given subset of its input space, and combining it with PCA, a traditional, well-understood dimensionality reduction technique. We show that PCA is easily compatible with TADS. All analyses can be implemented in a straightforward fashion using the rich algebraic properties of TADS, demonstrating the utility of the TADS framework for neural network explainability and verification. While TADS do not yet scale as efficiently as state-of-the-art neural network verifiers, we show that, using PCA-based simplifications, they can still scale to mediumsized problems and yield concise explanations for potential errors that can be used for other purposes such as debugging a network or generating new training samples.
Involvement of Ca2+ Activated Cl- Channel Ano6 in Platelet Activation and Apoptosis
Creators: name: Guoxing, Liu
name: Guilai, Liu
name: Hong, Chen
name: Borst, Oliver
name: Gawaz, Meinrad
name: Vortkamp, Andrea
name: Schreiber, Rainer
name: Kunzelmann, Karl
name: Lang, Florian
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, Phosphatidylserine translocation, P-selectinIntegrin, Cell volume
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background/Aims: The ubiquitously expressed Ca2+ Activated Cl- Channel Ano6 participates in the stimulation of cell membrane scrambling. Defective Ano6 underlies the Scott syndrome, an inherited bleeding disorder with impaired scrambling of plasma membrane phospholipids. At least in theory, the bleeding disorder of Scott syndrome may result from impaired platelet function. Activators of platelets include thrombin and collagen related peptide (CRP), which trigger increase of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), degranulation, integrin activation, as well as cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the cell membrane. The present study thus explored whether Ano6 modifies activation-induced alterations of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i), degranulation (P-selectin exposure), integrin activation, phosphatidylserine exposure on the platelet surface and platelet volume. Methods: Platelets from mice lacking Ano6 (ano6-/-) were compared to platelets from corresponding wild-type mice (ano6+/+). [Ca2+]i was estimated from Fluo-3 fluorescence, ROS from DCFDA fluorescence, degranulation from P-selectin abundance, integrin activation from αIIbβ3-integrin abundance, phosphatidylserine abundance from annexin-V-binding, and cell volume from forward scatter. Results: Platelet number in blood was slightly higher in ano6-/- mice than in ano6+/+ mice. Without activation [Ca2+]i and volume were similar in ano6-/- and ano6+/+ platelets as well as ROS abundance, P-selectin abundance, αIIbβ3 integrin activation, and phosphatidylserine exposure were negligible in both genotypes. Thrombin (0.01 U/ml) and CRP (2 or 5 µg/ml) increased [Ca2+]i, ROS abundance, platelet degranulation, αIIbβ3 integrin activation, and triggered annexin-V-binding as well as cell shrinkage, all effects less pronounced in ano6-/- than in ano6+/+ platelets. Conclusions: Genetic knockout of Ano6 blunts thrombin- and CRP-induced activation and apoptosis of blood platelets.
Poisson-Dirichlet branching random walks
Creators: name: Addario-Berry, Louigi
name: Ford, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We determine, to within O(1), the expected minimal position at level n in certain branching random walks. The walks under consideration have displacement vector (v_1,v_2,...), where each v_j is the sum of j independent Exponential(1) random variables and the different v_i need not be independent. In particular, our analysis applies to the Poisson-Dirichlet branching random walk and to the Poisson-weighted infinite tree. As a corollary, we also determine the expected height of a random recursive tree to within O(1).
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-AAP840 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
D4.5 Packaged tested version of MT system
Creators: name: Variš, Dušan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: SSHOC
Social Sciences and Humanities Open Cloud
machine translation

description: This document describes the packaging and release of the CUNI machine translation (MT) systems trained within the Tensor2tensor framework for sequence-to-sequence learning that was developed for task T4.5. The MT backend, together with a simple command-line interface (CLI) is released separately from the models. The MT backend is released as a separate Docker image as a platform-independent solution. The compilation of the docker images is separated into two parts: first, a base image containing the Tensor2tensor installation is prepared and second, a language-specific derivative of the base image is compiled for the chosen MT model. The independent release of the MT models also allows the user to download the models separately and execute them using their local Tensor2tensor installation if necessary.
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake Level-Based Lymph Node Staging in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Cancer - Role of Molecular Marker Expression on Diagnostic Outcome
Creators: name: Sadick, Maliha
name: Weiss, Christel
name: Piniol, Rafael
name: Frey, Sabine
name: Hoermann, Karl
name: Schoenberg, Stefan O.
name: Sadick, Haneen
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 18FDG-PET/CT, Oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer, Standard uptake value, Lymph node staging, Histology
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background: A prospective study was performed to assess standard uptake value (SUV)-level based 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) lymph node staging in 33 patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OSCC) out of a total of 99 patients with head-and-neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) and the role of nodal molecular marker expression in diagnostic outcome prediction. Methods: Preoperative nodal PET/CT staging in 123 lymph nodes was correlated with postoperative lymph node histology, which served as gold standard. Tissue samples were prepared for immunohistochemistry of the excised lymph nodes. Results: The negative and positive predictive values (NPV and PPV) of PET for correct lymph node assessment were 100% and 93%, respectively. There was a significant association between SUVmax and lymph node histology (p < 0.0001) and a significant linear correlation between SUVmax and nodal size (Pearson's correlation coefficient r = 0.61336, p < 0.0001). The molecular marker E-Cadherin was significantly overexpressed in lymph node metastases (p < 0.0001). Benign lymph nodes showed significant 2-fold Bcl2 overexpression (p < 0.0001). However, the molecular marker expression profiles were inhomogeneous and did not allow valuable diagnostic outcome prediction. Conclusions: SUV level-based 18F-FDG-PET/CT lymph node assessment in OSCC still has to be considered as the most established and reliable staging tool. Lymph node molecular marker expression profiles need to be investigated further as they currently do not sufficiently contribute to therapy decision-making.
Imaging in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Creators: name: Herfarth, Hans
name: Schreyer, Andreas G.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Magnetic resonance enterography, Magnetic resonance imaging, Inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's disease
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Diagnostic imaging techniques play an important role in the diagnosis and management of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). The approach should be guided by considerations of diagnostic accuracy, concerns about patient exposure to ionizing radiation, local expertise and tolerance of the endoscopic and/or imaging technique. In regard to the clinical diagnostic value (sensitivity, specificity and accuracy), no significant differences exist between CT and MRI for the evaluation of the extent of inflammation, stricturing, penetrating disease or extraluminal complications such as abscesses. Due to the absence of radiation exposure, MRI of the intestine is recommended as the first-line imaging modality in patients with suspected or established IBD. The focus of this review is the latest developments in MRI techniques to detect IBDs. Specifically, the use of new indices for the grading of inflammation or assessing bowel damage as well as innovative experimental approaches such as diffusion-weighted imaging or magnetization-transfer MRI to evaluate and quantify the degree of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis in stricturing Crohn's disease are discussed.
Overlap between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Bipolar Affective Disorder
Creators: name: Skokauskas, Norbert
name: Frodl, Thomas
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Autism spectrum disorder, Bipolar affective disorder, Co-occurrence, Prevalence
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background: At present there is a substantial uncertainty regarding the extent and nature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) co-occurrence due to disparate findings in previous studies. This paper aimed to find and review original studies on co-occurrence rates of ASD with BPAD, assess them, synthesize the findings in a systematic way, present an overview and make recommendations for future research. Methods: Systematic literature searches were performed using several databases. Selected articles had to describe an original study that provided prevalence and/or incidence analysis on ASD co-occurring together with BPAD. Results and Conclusion: A significant minority of patients (7%) with ASD suffers from BPAD. An accurate detection of co-occurring ASD and BPAD can lead to a more targeted treatment and improve the patients' functioning and quality of life.
title: "Coperchio di sarcofago a kline con defunta distesa", arte romana, inv. CLXXXVII (ITA/EN)
title: Scheda catalogo digitale Borghese
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Ciccarello, Giulia
name: Galleria Borghese
Publisher: name: Galleria Borghese
Year: 2024

description: Pubblicazione delle schede delle opere conservate nel museo ed estratte dal catalogo digitale di

Galleria Borghese, nelle due versioni esistenti online, in italiano e inglese.

Collegamento al catalogo digitale:

ITA: https://www.collezionegalleriaborghese.it/

EN: https://www.collezionegalleriaborghese.it/en
Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters
Creators: name: Lemze, Doron
name: Wagner, Rick
name: Rephaeli, Yoel
name: Sadeh, Sharon
name: Norman, Michael L.
name: Barkana, Rennan
name: Broadhurst, Tom
name: Ford, Holland
name: Postman, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report statistical results for dark matter (DM) velocity anisotropy, β, from a sample of some 6000 cluster-size halos (at redshift zero) identified in a ΛCDM hydrodynamical adaptive mesh refinement simulation performed with the Enzo code. These include profiles of β in clusters with different masses, relaxation states, and at several redshifts, modeled both as spherical and triaxial DM configurations. Specifically, although we find a large scatter in the DM velocity anisotropy profiles of different halos (across elliptical shells extending to at least ~$1.5 r_{vir}$), universal patterns are found when these are averaged over halo mass, redshift, and relaxation stage. These are characterized by a very small velocity anisotropy at the halo center, increasing outward to about 0.27 and leveling off at about $0.2 r_{vir}$. Indirect measurements of the DM velocity anisotropy fall on the upper end of the theoretically expected range. Though measured indirectly, the estimations are derived by using two different surrogate measurements - X-ray and galaxy dynamics. Current estimates of the DM velocity anisotropy are based on very small cluster sample. Increasing this sample will allow testing theoretical predictions, including the speculation that the decay of DM particles results in a large velocity boost. We also find, in accord with previous works, that halos are triaxial and likely to be more prolate when unrelaxed, whereas relaxed halos are more likely to be oblate. Our analysis does not indicate that there is significant correlation (found in some previous studies) between the radial density slope, γ, and β at large radii, $0.3 r_{vir} < r < r_{vir}$.
description: 12 pages, 17 figures, accepted to ApJ
Right Scholarship and the Goddesses of Commercial Law
Creators: Martin, Nathalie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Commercial law
subject: Learning and scholarship
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: Sometimes scholarship is just scholarship. I am referring to the type of scholarship that is often written but barely read, the type written to impress someone or get a promotion rather than because there is a burning need or desire to say what needs to be said. Other times, scholarship flows from the heart, as a result of desire to share a discovery that could change the law, or to share a thought or series of thoughts that could change the world. I call this scholarship of the heart “right scholarship,” a phrase taken from the Buddhist concept of right livelihood. Right scholarship reflects real passions and concerns of the heart that permeate its author’s existence on an almost cellular level. This Essay examines examples of right scholarship in works of two commercial law “goddesses”: Jean Braucher and Elizabeth Warren.

This Essay combines many topics about which I am deeply passionate, including religion, sex, yoga philosophy, and the influential works of two women I admire greatly. Hopefully, this brief Essay does not try to do too much at the expense of all of these topics.2 In Part I of this Essay, I describe the concept of right scholarship through various religious traditions and yoga philosophy’s principles for living known as the yamas. I then describe, through the works of young scholar Shari Motro, scholarship that has gone wrong. Finally, through the psychological concept of flow, I describe how we know when scholarship has gone right. In Part II, I provide some background information and brief excerpts from right scholarship written by the commercial law goddesses, both of whom were intensely passionate about their work. Their work is scholarship from the heart that has changed the world.