cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Unified Theory of Consequences of Spontaneous Emission in a $Λ$ System
Creators: name: Economou, Sophia E.
name: Liu, Ren-Bao
name: Sham, L. J.
name: Steel, D. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a $Λ$ system with two nearly degenerate ground states and one excited state in an atom or quantum dot, spontaneous radiative decay can lead to a range of phenomena, including electron-photon entanglement, spontaneously generated coherence, and two-pathway decay. We show that a treatment of the radiative decay as a quantum evolution of a single physical system composed of a three-level electron subsystem and photons leads to a range of consequences depending on the electron-photon interaction and the measurement. Different treatments of the emitted photon channel the electron-photon system into a variety of final states. The theory is not restricted to the three-level system.
Probing of the Kondo peak by the impurity charge measurement
Creators: name: Katsnelson, M. I.
name: Kogan, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the real-time dynamics of the Kondo system after the local probe of the charge state of the magnetic impurity. Using the exactly solvable infinite-degeneracy Anderson model we find explicitly the evolution of the impurity charge after the measurement.
description: 4 pages, 1 eps figure, revtex
title: Osteospermum; Osteospermum x Dimorphotheca :
title: Richtlinien für die Durchführung der Prüfung auf Unterscheidbarkeit, Homogenität und Beständigkeit.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: International Union For The Protection Of New Varieties Of Plants,
Publisher: name: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants,
Year: 0
Subjects: Group identity.
New Varieties of Plants
Osteospermum

description: Zweck dieser Richtlinien („Prüfungsrichtlinien“) ist es, die in der Allgemeinen Einführung (Dokument TG/1/3) und deren verbundenen TGP-Dokumenten enthaltenen Grundsätze in detaillierte praktische Anleitung für die harmonisierte Prüfung der Unterscheidbarkeit, der Homogenität und der Beständigkeit (DUS) umzusetzen und insbesondere geeignete Merkmale für die DUS-Prüfung und die Erstellung harmonisierter Sortenbeschreibungen auszuweisen.
Le sentiment d'insécurité dans les transports en commun
Creators: name: LOLLIA Fabrice
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: sécurité; transport en commun; émotion; contraintes sociales

description: Le sentiment d'insécurité dans les transports en commun est conditionné par de nombreux déterminants qui interagissent continuellement. Comment la science permet de comprendre cette problématique d'actualité?
Oddballs and a Low Odderon Intercept
Creators: name: Llanes-Estrada, Felipe J.
name: Bicudo, Pedro
name: Cotanch, Stephen R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an odderon Regge trajectory emerging from a field theoretical Coulomb gauge QCD model for the odd signature JPC (P=C= -1) glueball states (oddballs). The trajectory intercept is clearly smaller than the pomeron and even the omega trajectory's intercept which provides an explanation for the nonobservation of the odderon in high energy scattering data. To further support this result we compare to glueball lattice data and also perform calculations with an alternative model based upon an exact Hamiltonian diagonalization for three constituent gluons.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Main Supporting Information File from Functional redundancy in natural pico-phytoplankton communities depends on temperature and biogeography
Creators: name: Duyi Zhong
name: Listmann, Luisa
name: Maria-Elisabetta Santelia
name: C-Elisa Schaum
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Here, we provide all additional figures and tables referenced in the main manuscript, as well as a detailed methods section
Probing high-density symmetry energy using heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies
Creators: name: Yong, Gao-Chan
name: Guo, Ya-Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nuclear symmetry energy, which describes the energy difference of per proton and neutron in nuclear matter, has been extensively studied within the last two decades. Around saturation density, both the value and the slope of the nuclear symmetry energy have been roughly constrained, its high-density behavior is now still in argument. Probing high-density symmetry energy at terrestrial laboratories is being carried out at facilities that offer radioactive beams worldwide. While relevant experiments are being conducted, we theoretically developed more advanced isospin-dependent transport model including new physics such as nucleon-nucleon short-range correlations and in-medium isospin-dependence of baryon-baryon scattering cross section. New sensitive probes of high-density symmetry energy are provided, such as squeezed-out neutron to proton ratio, photon and light cluster as well as the production of mesons with strangeness or hidden strangeness. The blind spots of probing the high-density symmetry energy by sensitive observable are demonstrated. Model dependence of frequently used sensitive probes of the symmetry energy has been studied thoroughly based on different transport models. A qualitative observable of neutron to proton ratio at high emitting energy is proposed to probe the high-density symmetry energy qualitatively. The probed density regions of the symmetry energy are carefully studied. Effects of nucleon-nucleon short-range correlations on the some sensitive observables of the symmetry energy in heavy-ion collisions are explored carefully. Probing the curvature of the symmetry energy by involving the slope information of the symmetry energy at saturation point in the transport model is proposed.
description: 13 pages, 25 figures
Cañellas, Juan Nadal: La Résistance d'Akindymos à Grégoire Palamas
Creators: name: Tinnefeld, Franz Hermann
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 91 (2007): Oriens christianus, Band 91
Infrared Lorentz Violation and Slowly Instantaneous Electricity
Creators: name: Dvali, Gia
name: Papucci, Michele
name: Schwartz, Matthew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a modification of electromagnetism which violates Lorentz invariance at large distances. In this theory, electromagnetic waves are massive, but the static force between charged particles is Coulomb not Yukawa. At very short distances the theory looks just like QED. But for distances larger than 1/m the massive dispersion relation of the waves can be appreciated, and the Coulomb force can be used to communicate faster than the speed of light. In fact, electrical signals are transmitted instantly, but take a time ~ 1/m to build up to full strength. After that, undamped oscillations of the electric field are set in and continue until they are dispersed by the arrival of the Lorentz-obeying part of the transmission. We study experimental constraints on such a theory and find that the Compton wavelength of the photon may be as small as 6000 km. This bound is weaker than for a Lorentz-invariant mass, essentially because in our case the Coulomb constraint is removed.
description: 4 pages
title: Η αξιολόγηση των παρεχόμενων υπηρεσιών υγείας ως προς την ποιότητα με βάση την ικανοποίηση των χρηστών τους. Μελέτη περίπτωσης: Πανεπιστημιακό Γενικό Νοσοκομείο << Αττικόν >>
title: The evaluation of the provided health services in terms of quality based on the satisfaction of their users. Case study: University General Hospital "Attikon"
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Σταυρόπουλος, Εμμανουήλ
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2021
Subjects: Ποιότητα υπηρεσιών υγείας
Αξιολόγηση υπηρεσιών υγείας
Ικανοποίηση ασθενών
Διασφάλιση
Ενσυναίσθηση
Αξιοπιστία
Ανταπόκριση
Quality of health services
Evaluation of health services
Patient satisfaction
Esurance
Empathy
Reliability
Response

description: Οι συνθήκες που επικρατούν στην υγεία και η ποιότητα της παροχής των υπηρεσιών απασχολούν ολοένα και περισσότερο τους ανθρώπους που εργάζονται και ασχολούνται με τα θέματα διοίκησης και πολιτικών υγείας καθώς είναι ένα πλεονέκτημα το οποίο μπορεί να κάνει έναν οργανισμό υγείας να ξεχωρίσει. Από τη βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση που πραγματοποιήθηκε παρατηρήθηκε ενδιαφέρον για περαιτέρω έρευνα όσον αφορά την αξιολόγηση των παρεχόμενων υπηρεσιών από τους ασθενείς. Μέσα από τα αποτελέσματα τέτοιων μελετών ένας οργανισμός υγείας θα μπορέσει να εξελίξει και να αναβαθμίσει τις υπηρεσίες υγείας του κερδίζοντας την εμπιστοσύνη και την ικανοποίηση των ασθενών. Ο σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι η ανάλυση και η διερεύνηση του επιπέδου ικανοποίησης των ασθενών ως προς την ποιότητα των παρεχόμενων υπηρεσιών υγείας του Π.Γ.Ν. Αττικόν. Η μελέτη είναι περιγραφική και έγινε χρήση ερωτηματολογίου για τη συλλογή των δεδομένων. Το ερωτηματολόγιο που χρησιμοποιήθηκε απεικονίζει πέντε διαστάσεις ποιότητας και συγκεκριμένα την αξιοπιστία, τη διασφάλιση, την υλικοτεχνική υποδομή (απτότητα), την ενσυναίσθηση, και την ανταπόκριση. Η μελέτη πραγματοποιήθηκε στα εξωτερικά ιατρεία του Π.Γ.Ν. Αττικόν με δείγμα 120 άτομα. Σημαντικό γεγονός είναι ότι η μελέτη πραγματοποιήθηκε κατά τη διάρκεια της πανδημίας Covid - 19 και αυτό είχε σαν συνέπεια την περιορισμένη πρόσβαση. Επίσης επηρεάστηκε η επισκεψιμότητα των ασθενών ως προς το νοσοκομείο λόγω φόβου διασποράς του ιού, καθώς ενδέχεται και να επηρεάστηκαν οι προσδοκίες αλλά και οι αντιλήψεις των ασθενών. Συνολικά παρατηρήθηκε ότι οι προσδοκίες του δείγματος ήταν υψηλότερες από τις αντιλήψεις, δηλαδή ήταν υψηλότερες από την υπηρεσία που δέχτηκαν. Ακόμα από τη μελέτη που πραγματοποιήθηκε διακρίνεται ότι η αξιοπιστία και η ασφάλεια ταξινομούνται από τους ασθενείς έως οι πιο σημαντικές διαστάσεις όσον αφορά την αξιολόγηση της ποιότητας των παρεχόμενων υπηρεσιών. Τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης παρουσιάζουν συνολικά μία σχετικά καλή εντύπωση παρόλα αυτά υπάρχουν τομείς όπου το δείγμα μας έδειξε ότι δεν είναι ικανοποιημένο και οι υπηρεσίες θα μπορούσαν να αναβαθμιστούν. Αυτά τα αποτελέσματα είναι το κλειδί για τους υπεύθυνους της διοίκησης ποιότητας του Π.Γ.Ν. Αττικόν με σκοπό την εξέλιξη της ποιότητας των υπηρεσιών του νοσοκομείου. Φυσικά η μελέτη της ικανοποίησης των ασθενών πρέπει να είναι συνεχής καθώς η ποιότητα που παρέχει ένας οργανισμός πρέπει να συνεχίζεται σε βάθος χρόνου και συνεχώς να αυξάνεται.
Pageantry, poodles and performance : camp strategies in the early work of General Idea
Creators: name: Varela, Isabela C.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Formed in Toronto in 1969, the trio of artists known as General Idea developed a body of work focused on the construction of Active identities and elaborate mythologies parodying the popular myths of art and the artist: the artist as genius, celebrity and avant-garde rebel. It is often said that General Idea's work is at its core an inquiry into art's methods of production, dissemination and reception - an example of the tendency in Western art of the 1960s and '70s towards the dematerialization of the art object and the critique of art's institutions. In this thesis, I argue that General Idea's work also demands to be seen on a broader level, as an exploration of artifice and the manipulation of conventional codes in everyday life. I maintain that, above and beyond their critical interest in art and pop culture, G.I.'s project was to reveal and question the most fundamental social conventions of all: gender and identity. Through their use of pseudonyms, Active identities, pageants and performances, General Idea invite us to consider the masks we wear, the poses we assume and the identities we perform even in our most banal moments, through bodily gestures, speech acts and the manipulation of surfaces. A project like The 1971 Miss General Idea Pageant - staged at a time when normative gender roles and sexual identities were being called into question by the Gay Liberation Movement and the feminist movement - suggests an awareness on the part of General Idea of the constructed nature of identity and gender (a notion later popularized in academic discourse and cultural practice of the 1980s and '90s). General Idea's artistic collaboration spanned more than twenty-five years, but it is the period from the early 1970s to the mid-'80s that constitutes the focus of this thesis. I argue that the boundaries separating masculine and feminine, straight and gay, fact and fiction, are complicated and challenged most effectively in the first two phases of their collaboration. The first phase is typically described as General Idea's "conceptual" phase because of the ephemeral, idea-based nature of the work. It can be said to begin with The 1971 Miss General Idea Pageant and end with the symbolic arson of The 1984 Miss General Idea Pavillion in 1977. The second phase, marked by a proliferation of poodle imagery in a variety of media, followed hot on the heels of the torching of the Pavillion and continued until the mid-1980s. Although the shift from "conceptual" art to a more material art object necessarily entails a shift in strategies of representation, I argue that both phases of artistic production rely on visual and verbal signifying practices broadly defined as Camp. At a time when it had fallen out of favour as a viable form of self-expression in politicized gay communities, Camp was taken up by General Idea as both a critical tool and a key to attaining visibility - a ticket to ride and a strategic kick in the ass of the dominant order.
Supplementary document for Passive Non-reciprocal Metasurfaces Based on Independently Tunable Nonlinear Dual Bound States in the Continuum - 7420094.pdf
Creators: name: Fan, Ye
name: Zhang, Shubin
name: Zong, Meixue
name: Liu, Yiqing
name: Lv, Jinwen
name: XU, Zhengji
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental Document
NMR Evidence for Gapped Spin Excitations in Metallic Carbon Nanotubes
Creators: name: Singer, P. M.
name: Wzietek, P.
name: Alloul, H.
name: Simon, F.
name: Kuzmany, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the spin dynamics of 13C isotope enriched inner-walls in double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNT) using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Contrary to expectations, we find that our data set implies that the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) has the same temperature (T) and magnetic field (H) dependence for most of the innerwall nanotubes detected by NMR. In the high temperature regime (T > 150 K), we find that the T and H dependence of 1/T1T is consistent with a 1D metallic chain. For T < 150 K, we find a significant increase in 1/T1T with decreasing T, followed by a sharp drop below 20 K. The data clearly indicates the formation of a gap in the spin excitation spectrum, where the gap value 2 Delta = 40 K (= 3.7 meV) is H independent.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to PRL on 12 August 2005
Data statements from Dispersal and migration have contrasting effects on butterfly flight morphology and reproduction
Creators: name: Bhaumik, Vaishali
name: Krushnamegh Kunte
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Statements about Data accessibility, Authors’ contributions, Competing interests, and Ethical statement
Evaluierung der Lehrveranstaltung "Mentoring" im Rahmen der Induktionsveranstaltungen an der Privaten Pädagogischen Hochschule Burgenland
Creators: name: Unger, Beate
Publisher: name: University College of Teacher Education, Eisenstadt
Year: 2024

description: In der Lehrer:innenausbildung spielt die Phase des Berufseinstiegs für die langfristige Entwicklung und das berufliche Wohlbefinden von Lehrkräften eine entscheidende Rolle. Insbesondere die Induktionsphase, das erste Jahr im Berufsleben, ist geprägt von einer Vielzahl an Herausforderungen und Anpassungsprozessen. Die Private Pädagogische Hochschule Burgenland (PPHB) hat im Rahmen ihrer Induktionsveranstaltungen Inhalte für die Veranstaltung „Mentoring“ festgelegt, deren Vermittlung darauf abzielt, Berufseinsteiger:innen bestmöglich zu unterstützen. Grundlage für die Festlegung der Inhalte sind die Themenschwerpunkte des Bundesministeriums für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung (BMBWF). Dieser Artikel beleuchtet die Praxisrelevanz der Mentoring-Lehrveranstaltung an der PPHB und hinterfragt kritisch deren Nutzen und Wirksamkeit. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob die Mentoring-Lehrveranstaltung in ihrer aktuellen Form einen sinnvollen Beitrag zur Professionalisierung junger Lehrkräfte leistet oder ob Anpassungen notwendig sind, um den Anforderungen des schulischen Alltags gerecht zu werden. Ziel dieser Evaluierung ist es, fundierte Erkenntnisse zur Optimierung der Lehrveranstaltung zu gewinnen und Impulse für die Weiterentwicklung der Induktionsphase an pädagogischen Hochschulen zu geben.
Ergodicity Breaking in a Deterministic Dynamical System
Creators: name: Bel, Golan
name: Barkai, Eli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of weak ergodicity breaking is defined and studied in the context of deterministic dynamics. We show that weak ergodicity breaking describes a weakly chaotic dynamical system: a nonlinear map which generates subdiffusion deterministically. In the non-ergodic phase non-trivial distribution of the fraction of occupation times is obtained. The visitation fraction remains uniform even in the non-ergodic phase. In this sense the non-ergodicity is quantified, leading to a statistical mechanical description of the system even though it is not ergodic.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
title: Βιομηχανικός σχεδιασμός εργονομικής κασετίνας
title: Industrial design of ergonomic pencil case
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Καρατζιά, Γεωργία
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2021
Subjects: Κασετίνα
Μολυβοθήκη
Βιομηχανικός σχεδιασμός

description: Βιομηχανικός σχεδιασμός εργονομικής κασετίνας που μετατρέπεται σε μολυβοθήκη και αντιστρόφως. Η εργασία επικεντρώνεται στον σχεδιασμό μιας θήκης που θα βοηθά στην καλύτερη οργάνωση βασικών προϊόντων γραφικής ύλης, με το βλέμμα στραμμένο στην συμπεριφορά του χρήστη και τις ανάγκες του αγοραστικού κοινού.
Figure S1;Figure S2 ;Table S1 - S7 from Young bumblebees may rely on both direct pollen cues and early experience when foraging
Creators: name: Ruedenauer, Fabian A.
name: Sydow, David
name: Spaethe, Johannes
name: Leonhardt, Sara D.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Pollen (A) and feces (B) sample of the Blend 3 under the light microscope at 20x times magnification. A variety of different pollen types can be seen in the blend. Black circles represent the areas that were used for intact and empty grain counts. Differently colored dots represent counts for different pollen types.;Percentage of switches between pollen diets after the first feeding activity as shown by Bombus terrestris individuals (N = 120) raised under three different diet regimes (four microcolonies per diet regime, pooled for all three diet regimes). Bumble bees were feeding one of three pollen blends (Blend 1, 2 or 3) and then switched to another one or returned to the same pollen blend. Numbers in brackets give the absolute numbers of switches. Nutritional parameters (i.e. the protein, fat and sterol content as well as the protein to lipid (P:L) ratio are given in the circles denoting the different pollen blends. Most bumble bees switched after feeding, but the probability of staying with the same pollen blend was different between pollen blends. Fewer bees switched when they were already feeding on Blend 3 (Table S3, not significant after Bonferroni correction).;Statistical results
Effects of neutron irradiation on polycrystalline Mg11B2
Creators: name: Tarantini, C.
name: Aebersold, H. U.
name: Braccini, V.
name: Celentano, G.
name: Ferdeghini, C.
name: Ferrando, V.
name: Gambardella, U.
name: Gatti, F.
name: Lehmann, E.
name: Manfrinetti, P.
name: Marre', D.
name: Palenzona, A.
name: Pallecchi, I.
name: Sheikin, I.
name: Siri, A. S.
name: Putti, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the influence of the disorder introduced in polycrystalline MgB2 samples by neutron irradiation. To circumvent self shielding effects due to the strong interaction between thermal neutrons and 10B we employed isotopically enriched 11B which contains 40 times less 10B than natural B. The comparison of electrical and structural properties of different series of samples irradiated in different neutron sources, also using Cd shields, allowed us to conclude that, despite the low 10B content, the main damage mechanisms are caused by thermal neutrons, whereas fast neutrons play a minor role. Irradiation leads to an improvement in both upper critical field and critical current density for an exposure level in the range 1-2x1018 cm-2. With increasing fluence the superconducting properties are depressed. An in-depth analysis of the critical field and current density behaviour has been carried out to identify what scattering and pinning mechanisms come into play. Finally the correlation between some characteristic lengths and the transition widths is analysed.
description: 22 pages, 12 figures. In press on Phys. Rev. B
Renormalization of initial conditions and the trans-Planckian problem of inflation
Creators: name: Collins, Hael
name: Holman, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding how a field theory propagates the information contained in a given initial state is essential for quantifying the sensitivity of the cosmic microwave background to physics above the Hubble scale during inflation. Here we examine the renormalization of a scalar theory with nontrivial initial conditions in the simpler setting of flat space. The renormalization of the bulk theory proceeds exactly as for the standard vacuum state. However, the short distance features of the initial conditions can introduce new divergences which are confined to the surface on which the initial conditions are imposed. We show how the addition of boundary counterterms removes these divergences and induces a renormalization group flow in the space of initial conditions.
description: 22 pages, 4 eps figures, uses RevTeX
Cancer and COVID-19; systems biology, Suppl File S1
Creators: name: Souchelnytskyi, Serhiy
name: Nera, Andriy
name: Nazariy Souchelnytskyi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine

description: Supplementary File S1. The file of all networks is available in Supplementary Materials. This file can be used for an analysis of the COVID-19 network for multiple applications, e.g. search for various biological activities, nodes and edges.
Probing The Dust-To-Gas Ratio of z > 0 Galaxies Through Gravitational Lenses
Creators: name: Dai, Xinyu
name: Kochanek, Christopher S.
name: Chartas, George
name: Mathur, Smita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of differential gas column densities in three gravitational lenses, MG0414+0534, HE1104-1805, and PKS1830-211. Combined with the previous differential column density measurements in B1600+434 and Q2237+0305 and the differential extinction measurements of these lenses, we probe the dust-to-gas ratio of a small sample of cosmologically distant normal galaxies. We obtain an average dust-to-gas ratio of E(B-V)/NH =(1.4\pm0.5) e-22 mag cm^2/atoms with an estimated intrinsic dispersion in the ratio of ~40%. This average dust-to-gas ratio is consistent with the average Galactic value of 1.7e-22 mag cm^2/atoms and the estimated intrinsic dispersion is also consistent with the 30% observed in the Galaxy.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, Accepted by ApJ
Enhancing selectivity of minimally invasive peripheral nerve interfaces using combined stimulation and high frequency block: from design to application
Creators: name: Rapeaux, Adrien
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: The discovery of the excitable property of nerves was a fundamental step forward in our knowledge of the nervous system and our ability to interact with it. As the injection of charge into tissue can drive its artificial activation, devices have been conceived that can serve healthcare by substituting the input or output of the peripheral nervous system when damage or disease has rendered it inaccessible or its action pathological. Applications are far-ranging and transformational as can be attested by the success of neuroprosthetics such as the cochlear implant. However, the body’s immune response to invasive implants have prevented the use of more selective interfaces, leading to therapy side-effects and off-target activation. The inherent tradeoff between the selectivity and invasiveness of neural interfaces, and the consequences thereof, is still a defining problem for the field. More recently, continued research into how nervous tissue responds to stimulation has led to the discovery of High Frequency Alternating Current (HFAC) block as a stimulation method with inhibitory effects for nerve conduction. While leveraging the structure of the peripheral nervous system, this neuromodulation technique could be a key component in efforts to improve the selectivity-invasiveness tradeoff and provide more effective neuroprosthetic therapy while retaining the safety and reliability of minimally invasive neural interfaces. This thesis describes work investigating the use of HFAC block to improve the selectivity of peripheral nerve interfaces, towards applications such as bladder control or vagus nerve stimulation where selective peripheral nerve interfaces cannot be used, and yet there is an unmet need for more selectivity from stimulation-based therapy. An overview of the underlying neuroanatomy and electrophysiology of the peripheral nervous system combined with a review of existing electrode interfaces and electrochemistry will serve to inform the problem space. Original contributions are the design of a custom multi-channel stimulator able to combine conventional and high frequency stimulation, establishing a suitable experimental platform for ex-vivo electrophysiology of the rat sciatic nerve model for HFAC block, and exploratory experiments to determine the feasibility of using HFAC block in combination with conventional stimulation to enhance the selectivity of minimally-invasive peripheral nerve interfaces.
[Letter from Karl August Theodor Reinbold]
Creators: name: Reinbold, Karl August Theodor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1903
Subjects: Heydrich, Franz

description: Expresses gratitude for the identification of the Lithothamnia. Has forwarded the Melobesia to Heydrich as requested. Information about Heydrich’s reply: The intention is to compare Melobesia membranacea and M. corticiformis, but he believes this is a new species.
Direct Fragmentation of Quarkonia Including Fermi Motion Using Light-cone Wave Function
Creators: name: Nobary, M. A. Gomshi
name: Javadi, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of Fermi motion on the direct fragmentation of the $J/ψ$ and $Υ$ states employing a light-cone wave function. Consistent with such a wave function we set up the kinematics of a heavy quark fragmenting into a quarkonia such that the Fermi motion of the constituents split into longitudinal as well as transverse direction and thus calculate the fragmentation functions for these states. In the framework of our investigation, we estimate that the fragmentation probabilities of $J/ψ$ and $Υ$ may increase at least up to 14 percent when including this degree of freedom.
description: 7 pages 5 figures Appeared in EPJC; Fig 1 and Appendix revised
Lilie, Ralph-Johannes: Einführung in die byzantinische Geschichte
Creators: name: Tinnefeld, Franz Hermann
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 91 (2007): Oriens christianus, Band 91
Appendix SI from Harsh environments promote alloparental care across human societies
Creators: name: J. S. Martin
name: E. J. Ringen
name: P. Duda
name: A. V. Jaeggi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Supplementary information
Formulation of Hamiltonian equations for fractional variational problems
Creators: name: Muslih, S.
name: Baleanu, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An extension of Riewe's fractional Hamiltonian formulation is presented for fractional constrained systems. The conditions of consistency of the set of constraints with equations of motion are investigated. Three examples of fractional constrained systems are analyzed in details.
description: 12 pages
Multi-Dimensional Radiation/Hydrodynamic Simulations of Protoneutron Star Convection
Creators: name: Dessart, L.
name: Burrows, A.
name: Livne, E.
name: Ott, C. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on multi-dimensional, multi-group, flux-limited-diffusion hydrodynamic simulations of core-collapse supernovae with the VULCAN/2D code, we study the physical conditions within and in the vicinity of the nascent protoneutron star (PNS). Our numerical study follows the evolution of the collapsing envelope of the 11-Msun model of Woosley & Weaver, from ~200 ms before bounce to ~300ms after bounce, on a spatial grid that switches from Cartesian at the PNS center to spherical above a 10km radius. As has been shown previously, we do not see any large-scale overturn of the inner PNS material. Convection, directly connected to the PNS, is found to occur in two distinct regions: between 10 and 20km, coincident with the region of negative lepton gradient, and exterior to the PNS above 50km. Separating these two regions, an interface, with no sizable outward or inward motion, is the site of gravity waves, emerging at ~200-300ms after core bounce, excited by the convection in the outer convective zone. In the PNS, convection is always confined within the neutrinospheric radii for all neutrino energies above just a few MeV. We find that such convective motions do not appreciably enhance the nu_e neutrino luminosity, and that they enhance the anti-nu_e and "nu_mu" luminosities modestly, by ~15% and ~30%, respectively, during the first post-bounce 100--200ms. Moreover, we see no evidence of doubly-diffusive instabilities in the PNS, expected to operate on diffusion timescales of at least a second, much longer than the millisecond timescale associated with PNS convection. PNS convection is thus found to be a secondary feature of the core-collapse phenomenon, rather than a decisive ingredient for a successful explosion.
description: 19 pages, 18 figures, in emulateapj format, revised version including referee's comments and a new high-resolution simulation, accepted to ApJ; Paper with high-resolution images and movies available at http://hermes.as.arizona.edu/~luc/pns/pns.html
Activation energies for two steps in the S_2 → S_3 transition of photosynthetic water oxidation from time-resolved single-frequency infrared spectroscopy
Creators: name: Mäusle, Sarah Maya
name: Abzaliyeva, Aiganym
name: Greife, Paul
name: Simon, Philipp S.
name: Perez, Rebeca
name: Zilliges, Yvonne
name: Dau, Holger
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Proteins
subject: Photosynthesis
subject: Arrhenius plot
subject: Activation energies
subject: Lasers
subject: Reaction rate constants
subject: Infrared spectroscopy
subject: Equilibrium thermodynamics
subject: Deprotonation
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: The mechanism of water oxidation by the Photosystem II (PSII) protein–cofactor complex is of high interest, but specifically, the crucial coupling of protonation dynamics to electron transfer (ET) and dioxygen chemistry remains insufficiently understood. We drove spinach-PSII membranes by nanosecond-laser flashes synchronously through the water-oxidation cycle and traced the PSII processes by time-resolved single-frequency infrared (IR) spectroscopy in the spectral range of symmetric carboxylate vibrations of protein side chains. After the collection of IR-transients from 100 ns to 1 s, we analyzed the proton-removal step in the S2 ⇒ S3 transition, which precedes the ET that oxidizes the Mn4CaOx-cluster. Around 1400 cm−1, pronounced changes in the IR-transients reflect this pre-ET process (∼40 µs at 20 °C) and the ET step (∼300 µs at 20 °C). For transients collected at various temperatures, unconstrained multi-exponential simulations did not provide a coherent set of time constants, but constraining the ET time constants to previously determined values solved the parameter correlation problem and resulted in an exceptionally high activation energy of 540 ± 30 meV for the pre-ET step. We assign the pre-ET step to deprotonation of a group that is re-protonated by accepting a proton from the substrate–water, which binds concurrently with the ET step. The analyzed IR-transients disfavor carboxylic-acid deprotonation in the pre-ET step. Temperature-dependent amplitudes suggest thermal equilibria that determine how strongly the proton-removal step is reflected in the IR-transients. Unexpectedly, the proton-removal step is only weakly reflected in the 1400 cm−1 transients of PSII core complexes of a thermophilic cyanobacterium (T. elongatus).
Slow Vibrations in Transport through Molecules
Creators: name: Heikkila, Tero T.
name: Belzig, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how one can measure the signal from slow jumps of a single molecule between metastable positions using a setup where the molecule is fixed to one lead, and one of the coupling strengths is controlled externally. Such a measurement yields information about slow processes deforming the molecule in times much longer than the characteristic time scales for the electron transport process.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Study on Awareness about Food Adulteration and Consumer Rights among Consumers in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Creators: name: Habib, Shehan
name: Aishawarya Arefin
name: Arefin, Paroma
name: MD SAIDUL AREFIN
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111001 Aged Care Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: 111501 Basic Pharmacology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111201 Cancer Cell Biology
subject: 111202 Cancer Diagnosis
subject: Diseases
subject: 111705 Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety
subject: 111707 Family Care
subject: Health Care
subject: 111709 Health Care Administration
subject: 111710 Health Counselling
subject: 111711 Health Information Systems (incl. Surveillance)
subject: 111712 Health Promotion
subject: 111708 Health and Community Services

description: Combating food adulteration is a great challenge in Bangladesh. The customer is the leading economic community and thefocus of all commercial activities. The price, availability, variety, and attractiveness of consumer products have increasedwith the rise in people’s incomes. The business sector is practically bursting with complex technology-based new products.Regardless of misleading advertising, unsuitable media coverage, and food adulteration, it is challenging for the customerto select a particular foodstuff. The primary victim is a customer who casually takes adulterated food and pays the price ofsuch corrupt practices. Bangladesh Government has enacted the Food Safety Act, 2013 to ensure food safety. But, consumerawareness is one of the most important steps towards reducing the adulteration of foods. Consumer faces different kindsof challenges to ensure food safety for them. To effectively face these challenges, consumers need to prepare themselvesagainst these issues. In our present study, we have analyzed the different consumer behavior considering food adulterationand their awareness about consumer rights.
[Letter from Fernand Jadin]
Creators: name: Jadin, Fernand
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1897

description: Asks whether Foslie is interested in receiving the paper on the algae from Mascareigne. Requests Foslie's papers. Asks whether he is interested in receiving Cyanophyceae algae from Mascareigne. Encloses a list of the numbers and the country of origin of every specimen.
Neutrino quasinormal modes of the Reissner-Nordström black hole
Creators: name: Jing, Jiliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutrino quasinormal modes of the Reissner-Nordström (RN) black hole are investigated using continued fraction approach. We find, for large angular quantum number, that the quasinormal frequencies become evenly spaced and the spacing of the real part depends on the charge of the black hole and that of the imaginary part is zero. We then find that the quasinormal frequencies in the complex $ω$ plane move counterclockwise as the charge increases. They get a spiral-like shape, moving out of their Schwarzschild value and ``looping in" towards some limiting frequency as the charge tends to the extremal value. The number of the spirals increases as the overtone number increases but it decreases as the angular quantum number increases. We also find that both the real and imaginary parts are oscillatory functions of the charge, and the oscillation becomes faster as the overtone number increases but it becomes slower as the angular quantum number increases.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Catalytic dioxygen reduction mediated by a tetranuclear cobalt complex supported on a stannoxane core
Creators: name: Chandra, Anirban
name: Mebs, Stefan
name: Kundu, Subrata
name: Kuhlmann, Uwe
name: Hildebrandt, Peter
name: Dau, Holger
name: Ray, Kallol
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Catalytic dioxygen reduction
subject: low-temperature spectroscopic (UV-Vis, resonance Raman andX-ray absorption spectroscopies
subject: catalysts in fuel cells
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: The synthesis, spectroscopic characterization (infrared, electron paramagnetic resonance and X-ray absorption spectroscopies) and density functional theoretical calculations of a tetranuclear cobalt complex Co4L1 involving a nonheme ligand system, L1, supported on a stannoxane core are reported. Co4L1, similar to the previously reported hexanuclear cobalt complex Co6L2, shows a unique ability to catalyze dioxygen (O2) reduction, where product selectivity can be changed from a preferential 4e−/4H+ dioxygen-reduction (to water) to a 2e−/2H+ process (to hydrogen peroxide) only by increasing the temperature from −50 to 30 °C. Detailed mechanistic insights were obtained on the basis of kinetic studies on the overall catalytic reaction as well as by low-temperature spectroscopic (UV-Vis, resonance Raman and X-ray absorption spectroscopies) trapping of the end-on μ-1,2-peroxodicobalt(III) intermediate 1. The Co4L1- and Co6L2-mediated O2-reduction reactions exhibit different reaction kinetics, and yield different ratios of the 2e−/2H+ and 4e−/4H+ products at −50 °C, which can be attributed to the different stabilities of the μ-1,2-peroxodicobalt(III) intermediates formed upon dioxygen activation in the two cases. The deep mechanistic insights into the transition-metal mediated dioxygen reduction process that are obtained from the present study should serve as useful and broadly applicable principles for future design of more efficient catalysts in fuel cells.
Supplementary information for: Zebra stripes, tabanid biting flies, and the aperture effect from Zebra stripes, tabanid biting flies and the aperture effect
Creators: name: How, Martin J.
name: Gonzales, Dunia
name: Irwin, Alison
name: Caro, Tim
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Of all hypotheses advanced for why zebras have stripes, avoidance of biting fly attack receives by far the most support, yet the mechanisms by which stripes thwart landings are not yet understood. A logical and popular hypothesis is that stripes interfere with optic flow patterns needed by flying insects to execute controlled landings. This could occur through disrupting the radial symmetry of optic flow via the aperture effect (i.e. generation of false motion cues by straight edges), or through spatio-temporal aliasing (i.e. misregistration of repeated features) of evenly spaced stripes. By recording and reconstructing tabanid fly behaviour around horses wearing differently patterned rugs, we could tease out these hypotheses using realistic target stimuli. We found that flies avoided landing on, flew faster near, and did not approach as close to striped and checked rugs compared to grey. Our observations that flies avoided checked patterns in a similar way to stripes refutes the hypothesis that stripes disrupt optic flow via the aperture effect, which critically demands parallel striped patterns. Our data narrow the menu of fly-equid visual interactions that form the basis for the extraordinary colouration of zebras.
BANCOSOL: THE CHALLENGE OF GROWTH FOR MICROFINANCE ORGANIZATIONS
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Vega, Claudio
name: Schreiner, Mark
name: Meyer, Richard L.
name: Rodriguez-Meza, Jorge
name: Navajas, Sergio
name: Gonzalez-Vega, Claudio
name: Schreiner, Mark
name: Meyer, Richard L.
name: Rodriguez-Meza, Jorge
name: Navajas, Sergio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: This paper focuses on the difficulties inherent in the prudent management of growth of microfinance organizations and on potential limits to the increased efficiency, profitability, and sustainability expected from growth and large size. The paper addresses both positive and negative implications of rapid growth for microfinance organizations. The experience of BancoSol in Bolivia is used to illustrate these questions. Building upon the successful experience of PRODEM, BancoSol was chartered as a private commercial bank in 1992. The paper discusses the intangible assets inherited from PRODEM that gave BancoSol a head start and the additional advantages that resulted from formalization as a bank, in particular from the authorization to mobilize deposits. BancoSol shows outstanding success in terms of breadth, depth, and quality of outreach and in terms of sustainability. It is the microfinance organization with the largest number of clients in Latin America and it reaches poor clients who could never expect to gain access to conventional financial institutions. The paper discusses the incentive structure associated with a lending technology that has resulted in low loan arrears and the cost- effective supply of small loans. Success is explained by a strong concern with financial viability, development of a lending technology appropriate for the market niche, a long learning period, and upgrading into a formal intermediary. As it grew, BancoSol had to face a reduction of revenues as a proportion of productive assets and an increase in the average cost of funds, which combined reduced its operating margin by 13 percentage points. This challenge was fully met by reducing operating expenses as a proportion of productive assets. While growth of PRODEM had been mostly constrained by too rigid access to donor funds, growth of BancoSol has been constrained by threats on asset quality and by diminishing marginal economies of size. Portfolio efficiency has grown steadily. This growth has been the net outcome, however, of reductions in transactions efficiency and of increases in average loan size after transformation into BancoSol. The paper explores the sources of increases in average loan size and it concludes that mission drift has not occurred at BancoSol, which continues to focus on small loans to microentrepreneurs. The evolution in transactions efficiency is related, in turn, to sources of extensive (installed capacity) and intensive (productivity) growth. Extensive growth has been rapid at BancoSol and it tends to dampen productivity increases. Finally, the paper reviews the pressures from growth on the original informal culture of the organization and the gradual establishment of more formal structures.
Light-Element Reaction Flow and the Conditions for r-Process Nucleosynthesis
Creators: name: Sasaqui, T.
name: Otsuki, K.
name: Kajino, T.
name: Mathews, G. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We deduce new constraints on the entropy per baryon ($s/k$), dynamical timescale ($τ_{dyn}$), and electron fraction ($Y_{e}$) consistent with heavy element nucleosynthesis in the r-process. We show that the previously neglected reaction flow throu gh the reaction sequence \atg (n,$γ$)\Li~ significantly enhances the production of seed nuclei. We analyze the r-process nucleosynthesis in the context of a schematic exponential wi nd model. We show that fewer neutrons per seed nucleus implies that the entropy per baryon required for successful r-process nucleosynthesis must be more than a factor of two higher than previous estimates. This places new constraints on dynamical mo dels for the r-process.
description: submitted to ApJ, 14pages, 2figures