cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ablation of Dielectrics without Substrate Damage Using Ultra-Short-Pulse Laser Systems
Creators: name: Bähr, M.
name: Heinrich, G.
name: Stolberg, K.-P.
name: Wütherich, T.
name: Böhme, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2490-2496
description: In this paper the fundamental understanding of the laser ablation process of dielectrics is investigated. Laser
ablation by means of ultra-short-pulse laser (USP laser) allows for a highly precise opening of the dielectric layers that can
serve as passivation layer or mask for different applications. Different laser systems with pulse durations in the ultra-shortpulse
range were used to identify the relation between damage to the substrate and a sufficient ablation process.
Focus of the work was to understand the ablation mechanisms of dielectrics for USP lasers on PV-typical sample structures.
Thus, on various combinations of dielectrics, surfaces and laser systems optimal laser parameters to ablate dielectric films
were looked for. Besides, the threshold fluences were determined for some materials.
It was found out that using femtosecond-pulse lasers (fs lasers), working in the NIR wavelength regime, absorption takes
place mainly in the substrate, not in the dielectric coating – as assumed. For USP lasers the wavelength is the crucial
parameter which strongly correlates with the absorption probability, minor influence is observed from the pulse duration.
title: Escola de Desenho Industrial de Braga
Creators: name: de Almeida Barata, João
Publisher: name: CHAM, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
Year: 2022

description: Entrada histórica sobre a instituição Escola de Desenho Industrial de Braga, Braga, Portugal, na plataforma eViterbo
description: Almeida Barata, João de .2022. Escola de Desenho Industrial de Braga in eViterbo. CHAM, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. eISBN: 978-989-8492-77-7
Spherical and nonspherical models of primordial black hole formation: exact solutions
Creators: name: Harada, Tomohiro
name: Jhingan, Sanjay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct spacetimes which provide spherical and nonspherical models of black hole formation in the flat Friedmann--Lemaitre--Robertson--Walker (FLRW) universe with the Lemaitre--Tolman--Bondi solution and the Szekeres quasispherical solution, respectively. These dust solutions may contain both shell-crossing and shell-focusing naked singularities. These singularities can be physically regarded as the breakdown of dust description, where strong pressure gradient force plays a role. We adopt the simultaneous big bang condition to extract a growing mode of adiabatic perturbation in the flat FLRW universe. If the density perturbation has a sufficiently homogeneous central region and a sufficiently sharp transition to the background FLRW universe, its central shell-focusing singularity is globally covered. If the density concentration is sufficiently large, no shell-crossing singularity appears and a black hole is formed. If the density concentration is not sufficiently large, a shell-crossing singularity appears. In this case, a large dipole moment significantly advances shell-crossing singularities and they tend to appear before the black hole formation. In contrast, a shell-crossing singularity unavoidably appears in the spherical and nonspherical evolution of cosmological voids. The present analysis is general and applicable to cosmological nonlinear structure formation described by these dust solutions.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics
Interconnection of CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells
Creators: name: Scheit, C.
name: Rinke, T.
name: Herrnberger, H.
name: Braun, A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2957-2960
description: To achieve appropriate current and voltage single solar cells have to be interconnected in series and/or
in parallel. For crystalline silicon solar cells soldering is used to interconnect single solar cells using metal tapes. Due
to high temperatures during soldering Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin film solar cells tend to delaminate from substrate.
For lower thermal stress conductive adhesives are intended to replace solder joints. We have investigated the
electrical properties of various conductive adhesives in combination with different types of metal stripes. Contact
resistances at the interface busbar/conductive adhesive/metal tape have been measured using the Kelvin-method.
Furthermore, the influence of humidity on the quality of the produced interconnections has been investigated. We
have found differences in the influence of humidity depending on the used type of metal stripe.
Caused by additional resistances due to the interconnection the power output of a module might be lower than the
sum of the single cells. We have calculated the power loss of interconnected solar cells in dependence of the contact
resistance. The theoretical values are then compared with experimental data.
Unveiling the nature of bright z ~ 7 galaxies with the Hubble Space Telescope
Creators: name: Bowler, R. A. A.
name: Dunlop, J. S.
name: McLure, R. J.
name: McLeod, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 imaging of 25 extremely luminous (-23.2 < M_ UV < -21.2) Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) at z ~ 7. The sample was initially selected from 1.65 deg^2 of ground-based imaging in the UltraVISTA/COSMOS and UDS/SXDS fields, and includes the extreme Lyman-alpha emitters, `Himiko' and `CR7'. A deconfusion analysis of the deep Spitzer photometry available suggests that these galaxies exhibit strong rest-frame optical nebular emission lines (EW_0(H_beta + [OIII]) > 600A). We find that irregular, multiple-component morphologies suggestive of clumpy or merging systems are common (f_multi > 0.4) in bright z ~ 7 galaxies, and ubiquitous at the very bright end (M_UV < -22.5). The galaxies have half-light radii in the range r_1/2 ~ 0.5-3 kpc. The size measurements provide the first determination of the size-luminosity relation at z ~ 7 that extends to M_UV ~ -23. We find the relation to be steep with r_1/2 ~ L^1/2. Excluding clumpy, multi-component galaxies however, we find a shallower relation that implies an increased star-formation rate surface density in bright LBGs. Using the new, independent, HST/WFC3 data we confirm that the rest-frame UV luminosity function at z ~ 7 favours a power-law decline at the bright-end, compared to an exponential Schechter function drop-off. Finally, these results have important implications for the Euclid mission, which we predict will detect > 1000 similarly bright galaxies at z ~ 7. Our new HST imaging suggests that the vast majority of these galaxies will be spatially resolved by Euclid, mitigating concerns over dwarf star contamination.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures and 5 tables. Updated to match MNRAS accepted version
Systemic cytokine response following exercise-induced muscle damage in humans
Creators: name: Philippou, Anastassios
name: Bogdanis, Gregory
name: Maridaki, Maria
name: Halapas, Antonis
name: Sourla, Antigone
name: Koutsilieris, Michael
Publisher: name: Kooperation de Gruyter
Year: 2009

description: Background: Muscle adaptation which occurs following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage has been associated with an acute inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to investigate serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (OPG/RANKL) concentrations following muscle damage. We measured changes for several days following muscle damage. Methods: Ten healthy young males performed an eccentric exercise protocol using their quadriceps. Blood samples were withdrawn before and at 6 h, 2 days, 5 days and 16 days post-exercise. Functional and clinical measurements were performed before, and on days 1, 2, 5, 8, 12 and 16 post-exercise. Results: The exercise protocol resulted in muscle damage, indicated by changes in biochemical markers. An increase in IL-6 and OPG, and a decrease in RANKL concentrations were seen at 6 h and on day 2 post-exercise; the OPG:RANKL ratio was increased at 6 h post-exercise (p<0.05). Conclusions: Changes in IL-6 and OPG/RANKL system may represent systemic responses in muscle inflammation and repair processes. However, further studies are needed to elucidate a potential systemic and/or local role of the OPG/RANKL system in skeletal muscle repair. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:777–82.
All-Optical Materials Design of Chiral Edge Modes in Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Claassen, Martin
name: Jia, Chunjing
name: Moritz, Brian
name: Devereaux, Thomas P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Manipulating materials properties far from equilibrium recently garnered significant attention, with experimental emphasis on transient melting, enhancement, or induction of electronic order. A more tantalizing aspect of the matter-light interaction regards the possibility to access dynamical steady states with distinct non-equilibrium phase transitions to affect electronic transport. Here, we show that the interplay of crystal symmetry and optical pumping of monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) provides a novel avenue to engineer topologically-protected chiral edge modes. In stark contrast to graphene and previously-discussed toy models, the underlying generic mechanism relies on the intrinsic three-band nature of TMDCs near the band edges. Photo-induced band inversions scale linearly in applied pump field and exhibit a transition from one to two chiral edge modes upon sweeping from red to blue detuning. We develop a strategy to understand non-equilibrium Floquet-Bloch bands and topological transitions directly from ab initio calculations, and illustrate for the example of WS$_2$ that control of chiral edge modes can be dictated solely from symmetry principles and is not qualitatively sensitive to microscopic materials details.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
Superconducting Topological Surface States in Non-centrosymmetric Bulk Superconductor PbTaSe2
Creators: name: Guan, Syu-You
name: Chen, Peng-Jen
name: Chu, Ming-Wen
name: Sankar, Raman
name: Chou, Fangcheng
name: Jeng, Horng-Tay
name: Chang, Chia-Seng
name: Chuang, Tien-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search for topological superconductors (TSCs) is one of the most urgent contemporary problems in condensed matter systems. TSCs are characterized by a full superconducting gap in the bulk and topologically protected gapless surface (or edge) states. Within each vortex core of TSCs, there exist the zero energy Majorana bound states, which are predicted to exhibit non-Abelian statistics and to form the basis of the fault-tolerant quantum computation. So far, no stoichiometric bulk material exhibits the required topological surface states (TSSs) at Fermi level combined with fully gapped bulk superconductivity. Here, we report atomic scale visualization of the TSSs of the non-centrosymmetric fully-gapped superconductor, PbTaSe2. Using quasiparticle scattering interference (QPI) imaging, we find two TSSs with a Dirac point at E~1.0eV, of which the inner TSS and partial outer TSS cross Fermi level, on the Pb-terminated surface of this fully gapped superconductor. This discovery reveals PbTaSe2 as a promising candidate as a TSC.
Transparent Conductive Oxides for Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells
Creators: name: Choong, G.
name: Bôle, P.
name: Barraud, L.
name: Zicarelli Fernandez, F.
name: Descoeudres, A.
name: De Wolf, S.
name: Ballif, C.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2505-2510
description: Silicon heterojunction solar cells passivated with thin amorphous silicon layers allow for very-high open
circuit voltages. To achieve very-high efficiency solar cells, front and back transparent conductive oxides play a crucial
role too as they serve as electrical contacts, antireflection coating and back surface reflector. In this work, we investigate
the optical and electrical behaviour of silicon heterojunction solar cells with different front and back contacts for flat and
textured wafers. The front contact consists either of 80 nm of ITO or 5 Cm of LPCVD ZnO and the back contact is either
a stack of 50 nm ITO/silver or 1-5 Cm LPCVD ZnO/silver. We observe that for the frontside, on flat wafers, the highest
current and fill factor are obtained with rough ZnO while on textured surfaces the best efficiency is obtained with ITO,
thanks to the efficient quarter-wavelength antireflection coating combined with pyramidal texture. For the backside on
textured wafers, best results are obtained with a stack of 5 Cm ZnO/silver giving superior light trapping and a better fill
factor, compared to the ITO/silver stack. Using such a back contact we fabricate heterojunction devices of 2x2 cm2 using
printed metallization and reaching Voc of 716 mV and efficiency of 20.1%.
Real Time Film Thickness Monitoring of CIGS and CdTe Thin-Film Solar Cell Processes
Creators: name: Uredat, S.
name: Steimetz, E.
name: Schenk, T.
name: Arnold, P.
name: Zettler, J.-T.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2975-2977
description: We have developed an optical real-time thickness monitoring system especially customized for thin
film solar cell production processes. Based on spectral reflectance measurement all functional layers of CIGS or
CdTe thin film solar cell can be characterized by this tool. In addition to the layer thicknesses the method reveals
valuable information on optical properties of the layer material. By analyzing the IR reflectance of TCO layers even
the conductivity of the TCO can be monitored on-line in a production process.
The method has been approved in CdTe and CIGS based processes, both for photovoltaic cells on glass and
metallized polymer foils. The typical accuracy of the layer thickness measurement is one percent.
The $η^\prime$ transition form factor from space- and time-like experimental data
Creators: name: Escribano, Rafel
name: Gonzalez-Solis, Sergi
name: Masjuan, Pere
name: Sanchez-Puertas, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $η^\prime$ transition form factor is reanalyzed in view of the recent BESIII first observation of the Dalitz decay $η^\prime\toγe^+e^-$ in both space- and time-like regions at low and intermediate energies using the Padé approximants method. The present analysis provides a suitable parameterization for reproducing the measured form factor in the whole energy region and allows to extract the corresponding low-energy parameters together with a prediction of its values at the origin, related to $Γ_{η^\prime\toγγ}$, and the asymptotic limit. The $η$-$η^\prime$ mixing is reassessed within a mixing scheme compatible with the large-$N_c$ chiral perturbation theory at next-to-leading order, with particular attention to the OZI-rule--violating parameters. The $J/ψ$, $Z\toη^{(\prime)}γ$ decays are also considered and predictions reported.
description: 12 pages, 15 figures. v2 matches the published version
Health information technology, foresight and strategic decision making for Iran: a qualitative study
Publisher: name: Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc)
Year: 2019

description: Given the importance of information technology in the health sector, planning and identifying the prospect and a future road map is important in this area. For this purpose, applying a systematic approach to study the future of health information technology is essential. The key technology is one of the approaches used in the foresight studies and it is conducted by interviewing experts. The aim of this study was to use key technology approach to identify the most important health information technologies for Iran until 2025. This qualitative study was conducted in two phases. The first phase was related to developing a mind map of health information technologies based on the literature review and an expert panel results. In the second phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the 13 experts to identify the key health information technologies for Iran until 2025. In the first phase, content analysis and in the second phase, framework analysis was used to analyze data. According to the results, the main themes were immediate, cheap, stable, and secure access to the maximum health records of the entire population, equitable access to resources and services of the health counter, the development of knowledge management in medical and health sciences, the development of governmental electronic services (backup) in health system, the development of m-health, IT governance in health and the development of national HIT infrastructure. In total, 19 key health information technologies were identified which were related to the main themes. The development of electronic health records, national health information network, data sharing, patient's personal health record (PHR), mhealth, clinical decision support systems and health information technology infrastructure were found to be the most important health information technologies for Iran until 2025. It seems that identifying key health information technologies can help to facilitate strategic and operational planning in this area and help to allocate resources realistically.
Influence of the Absorber Composition in CuIn1-xGaxSe2 Solar Cells with Sprayed In2S3 Buffer Layers on the Dominant Recombination Mechanism
Creators: name: Buecheler, S.
name: Corica, D.
name: Chirila, A.
name: Güttler, D.
name: Pianezzi, F.
name: Verma, R.
name: Decock, K.
name: Tiwari, A.N.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2982-2985
description: CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (CIGS) based solar cells with In2S3 buffer layers deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) yielded
efficiencies of 13%. The photovoltaic properties of solar cells with USP-In2S3 buffer layers depends on the absorber
properties, especially on the ratio [Ga]/[In+Ga]. Here we present the influence of CIGS bulk and surface
modifications on the device performance and on the dominant recombination path. CuIn1-xGaxSe2 absorbers were
grown in a 3-stage process with x varying from 0 to 0.32. Quantum efficiency measurements were used to determine
the absorber’s band gap. The bulk composition of the absorber was measured by energy dispersive x-ray
spectroscopy and correlated to the J-V characteristics. Temperature dependent J-V measurements were used to
analyze the dominant recombination path in CIGS cells with USP-In2S3 buffer layers. The optimum [Ga]/[In+Ga]
ratio in the absorber for USP-In2S3 buffer layers was found to be around 0.24 which is lower than for standard CdS
buffers.
The Role of Social Media in Assessing the Impact of Research (Case Study: The Field of Scientometrics)
Publisher: name: Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc)
Year: 2019

description: The aim of this study is to investigate the role of scientific social media in evaluating the impact of research in the field of scientometrics. This study is an applied research using the altmetrics method (social web metrics). The research population consists of articles and citations published in two core journals (scientometrics, Journal of informetrics) in a time interval of five years (2012-2016). Collecting and extracting the articles directly was carried from Springer and ScienceDirect databases. The altmetric bookmarklet, a service provided by Altmetric Institute was used for data collection. In the first step, research articles with the highest altmetric scores representing the quantity and quality of the attention received by an article in social media was identified. Articles with the highest altmetric scores will be identified. Also, the presence of Iranian articles in the field of scientometrics in various social media and their effectiveness were analyzed. The association between altmetric scores and citation indicators was investigated using correlation tests.The findings indicated a significant, positive and weak statistical relation between the number of citations of the articles and the altmetric scores of these articles, as well as the number of readers of the literature in this area in the two social networks (Mendeley and Citeulike) with the number of citations received in WOS. In this study, there was no statistically significant relationship between the number of citations of the articles and the number of readers on Twitter. In sum, the above findings suggest that some social networks and their indices can be as representations of the impact of scientific papers, similar citations. However, due to the weakness of the correlation coefficients, the replacement of these two categories of indicators is not recommended, but it is possible to use the altmetrics indicators as complementary scientometrics indicators in evaluating the research and calculating the scientific effect.
Investigation of Wafer Surfaces with Space-Resolved Breaking Strength Tests and Corresponding Analysis of the Crack Depth
Creators: name: Grün, A.
name: Lawerenz, A.
name: Porytskyy, R.
name: Anspach, O.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 961-965
description: Due to the multi-wire slurry sawing process, crystalline silicon wafers show a critical damage behavior in form
of a limited breaking strength. To enhance the yield of the crystalline solar cell production, it is necessary to minimize the
breaking ratio of silicon wafers and solar cells. The breaking strength is determined both by the surface quality at the edges
(especially determined by microcracks and chippings) and by the surface quality of the front and back sides of the wafer
(especially determined by steps, grooves and microcracks). In our contribution we investigated the subsurface and edge
damages of selected multicrystalline silicon wafers and developed a special fracture bending test for investigating critical
wafer areas. This allows a correlation between space-resolved breaking strength values and corresponding surface roughness
and crack depths.
Industrialised Diamond Wire Wafer Slicing for High Efficiency Solar Cells
Creators: name: Bye, J.-I.
name: Norheim, L.
name: Holme, B.
name: Nielsen, O.
name: Steinsvik, S.
name: Jensen, S.A.
name: Fragiacomo, G.
name: Lombardi, I.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 956-960
description: Fixed-Abrasive wire Sawing (FAS), using diamond coated steel wire, is emerging as a realistic
alternative to Loose-Abrasive wire Sawing (LAS), using a SiC-based slurry and brass-coated steel wire.
Considerations and examples from an industrial implementation of a FAS process in production of monocrystalline
wafers for the highest efficiency silicon solar cells shows that the transition to FAS can result in both a significant
reduction in monocrystalline wafer cost (variable slicing costs, throughput, depreciation, and manpower) and a
considerable improvement in key wafer quality parameters (sub-surface damage, surface metal concentration, TTV,
and thickness consistency). Moreover, the recycling of FAS sawdust may be feasible, provided that the kerf is treated
correctly in the wafer slicing facility, purified and prepared for re-use in a cost-effective manner, and introduced to
the ingot production in a way that does not compromise process yield and ingot quality.
Distinguishing screening mechanisms with environment-dependent velocity statistics
Creators: name: Ivarsen, Magnus Fagernes
name: Bull, Philip
name: Llinares, Claudio
name: Mota, David F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Alternative theories of gravity typically invoke an environment-dependent screening mechanism to allow phenomenologically interesting deviations from general relativity (GR) to manifest on larger scales, while reducing to GR on small scales. The observation of the transition from screened to unscreened behavior would be compelling evidence for beyond-GR physics. We show that pairwise peculiar velocity statistics, in particular the relative radial velocity dispersion, $σ_\parallel$ , can be used to observe this transition when they are binned by some measure of halo environment. We established this by measuring the radial velocity dispersion between pairs of halos in N-body simulations for three $f(R)$ gravity and four symmetron models. We developed an estimator involving only line-of-sight velocities to show that this quantity is observable, and binned the results in halo mass, ambient density, and the isolatedness of halos. Ambient density is found to be the most relevant measure of environment; it is distinct from isolatedness, and correlates well with theoretical expectations for the symmetron model. By binning $σ_\parallel$ in ambient density, we find a strong environment-dependent signature for the symmetron models, with the velocities showing a clear transition from GR to non-GR behavior. No such transition is observed for $f(R)$, as the relevant scales are deep in the unscreened regime. Observations of the relative radial velocity dispersion in forthcoming peculiar velocity surveys, if binned appropriately by environment, therefore offer a valuable way of detecting the screening signature of modified gravity.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures. Updated to journal version; minor changes
MWT Cells with Al-BSF on Cz Silicon with Efficiencies Up to 19.4 %
Creators: name: Meyer, K.
name: Menkoe, M.
name: Krokoszinski, H.-J.
name: Wütherich, T.
name: Dupke, M.
name: Jesswein, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 984-988
description: On monocrystalline base material the metal wrap through (MWT) cell concept suffers from strong loss
mechanisms introduced by the rear side emitter and the necessary isolation process [1, 2, 3]. The main causes for this
are ohmic losses due to lateral currents above the emitter regions and recombination losses at the unpassivated back
side areas and the isolation grooves.
The aim of this work is to present, how these losses can be systematically reduced. First the area fraction of the back
side emitter and the length of the isolation grooves are reduced as much as possible. Secondly, an isolation process is
presented, which leads to smaller and less recombination active isolation grooves.
Within the last part of this work two opportunities to further increase the efficiency of the MWT-cell are discussed
and experimentally verified. The standard metallization grid of a three bus bar cell is unlikely to be an optimum for a
MWT5 cell since the length of the metallization fingers are totally different [2,3]. Although the MWT concept seems
to be combinable with a other cell concepts like for example PERC and selective emitters this has to be proven in
detail. Especially for a selective emitter the question appears if the back sided emitter regions and the via hole emitter
should be of low sheet resistance or if a high-ohmic emitter is as well suited for these areas.
Simulation of Dislocation Multiplication in Multicrystalline Silicon Ingots Dependent on Thermal Conditions during Crystallization and Cool Down
Creators: name: Bähr, T.
name: Behnken, H.
name: Hollatz, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 932-936
description: The occurrence of dislocations in ingot crystallized multi-crystalline (mc) Silicon (Si), investigations of their possible sources
and measures to avoid them are important topics in recent research on silicon crystallization for photovoltaic purposes.
Besides grain boundaries and inclusions, thermally induced stresses during crystallization and cool down are known as
sources of dislocations and their multiplication. In this work we present thermo-mechanical simulations applying a simplified
(homogenous and isotropic) version of the Alexander-Haasen model on a G1 sized Si ingot in its crucible. A wide set of
possible thermal conditions during typical processes is investigated on its consequences on the final distribution of
dislocations. As a result, for a given volume element in the ingot the dislocation density typically rises in three steps during
the process, when the volume solidifies, when the whole ingot is solidified and during cool down process. The amount of the
first dislocation generation is found to be a function of heat flux (or solidification velocity). Compared to the first increase,
the dislocation creation during the following cool down process was found to be only moderate in the investigated scenarios.
Also during cool down the amount of heat fluxes (e.g. expressed by the cooling rate) gives a monotonous influence on the
dislocation density level in the ingot volume.
PV2400: The Third Generation of DuPont ™ Tedlar® PVF Films in Photovoltaic Module Backsheets
Creators: name: DeBergalis, M.
name: Snow, L.G.
name: May, D.D.
name: Gambogi, W.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3162-3164
description: DuPont™ Tedlar® polyvinyl fluoride film has been used in the packaging of photovoltaic modules since
flat-plate crystalline silicon modules were first designed in the 1970’s. During those early years Tedlar® film was tested
both as a front sheet and in backsheets. It was in backsheets that Tedlar® film found wide acceptance as the preferred
outer surface of these multilayer structures. Polyvinyl fluoride is a fluoropolymer and shares some of the unique
properties of this special class of polymer. Today Tedlar® PVF film is available in different types and each of these types
brings the high performance that the PV industry has relied on for decades. Most multilayer backsheets are constructed
from laminated layers adhered together with distinct adhesive layers. An alternative to laminating different layers with
adhesive is coating. Coating one or more layers is a well known way to produce highly functional multilayer structures.
This paper will discuss the evolution of Tedlar® PVF products in backsheets and in particular the development of the new
coated backsheet known as Gen 3 or PV2400. Gen 3 coated backsheets combine the power of formulation and process to
provide multilayered backsheets. This paper will also show data comparing different Tedlar® backsheets as well as data
comparing Tedlar® backsheets to other commercially available backsheets.
Cold Dark Matter Substructures in Early-Type Galaxy Halos
Creators: name: Fiacconi, Davide
name: Madau, Piero
name: Potter, Doug
name: Stadel, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present initial results from the "Ponos" zoom-in numerical simulations of dark matter substructures in massive ellipticals. Two very highly resolved dark matter halos with $M_{\rm vir}=1.2\times 10^{13}$ $M_{\odot}$ and $M_{\rm vir}=6.5\times 10^{12}$ $M_{\odot}$ and different ("violent" vs. "quiescent") assembly histories have been simulated down to $z=0$ in a $Λ$CDM cosmology with a total of 921,651,914 and 408,377,544 particles, respectively. Within the virial radius, the total mass fraction in self-bound $M_{\rm sub}>10^6$ $M_{\odot}$ subhalos at the present epoch is 15% for the violent host and 16.5% for the quiescent one. At $z=0.7$, these fractions increase to 19 and 33%, respectively, as more recently accreted satellites are less prone to tidal destruction. In projection, the average fraction of surface mass density in substructure at a distance of $R/R_{\rm vir}=0.02$ ($\sim 5-10$ kpc) from the two halo centers ranges from 0.6% to $\gtrsim 2$%, significantly higher than measured in simulations of Milky Way-sized halos. The contribution of subhalos with $M_{\rm sub} < 10^9$ $M_{\odot}$ to the projected mass fraction is between one fifth and one third of the total, with the smallest share found in the quiescent host. We assess the impact of baryonic effects via twin, lower-resolution hydrodynamical simulations that include metallicity-dependent gas cooling, star formation, and a delayed-radiative-cooling scheme for supernova feedback. Baryonic contraction produces a super-isothermal total density profile and increases the number of massive subhalos in the inner regions of the main host. The host density profiles and projected subhalo mass fractions appear to be broadly consistent with observations of gravitational lenses.
description: 14 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ after minor revisions, note the new Fig. 2
Production of the Doubly Charmed Baryons at the SELEX experiment -- The double intrinsic charm approach
Creators: name: Koshkarev, Sergey
name: Anikeev, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The high production rate and $\langle x_{F} \rangle > 0.33$ of the doubly charmed baryons measured by the SELEX experiment is not amenable to perturbative QCD analysis. In this paper we calculate the production of the doubly heavy baryons with the double intrinsic charm Fock states whose existence is rigorously predicted by QCD. The production rate and the longitudinal momentum distribution are both reproduced. We also show that the production rates of the doubly charmed baryons and double $J/ψ$ production observed by NA3 collaboration are comparable. Recent experimental results are reviewed. The production cross section of the doubly charmed baryons at a fixed-target experiment at the LHC is presented.
description: The text is as published in Physics Letters B
Compensation Free SOG Silicon Feedstock by Metallurgical Refinement
Creators: name: Kishida, Y.
name: Okajima, M.
name: Kondo, J.
name: Okazawa, K.
name: Tokumaru, S.
name: Dohnomae, H.
name: Hiyoshi, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 925-928
description: In accordance with rapid growth of photovoltaic market, new metallurgical refining process of Si reach
to 7N purity is developed in commercial production base. The develeped process consists of B reduction by oxidation,
P reduction by vacuum and metal reduction by directional solidification. Obtained impurity level of B is 0.13 ppmw
and P is 0.10 ppmw in 500 ton/year comertial production. Because of this purity and small fluctuations, directionaly
solidified crystal from this Si feedstock is difinitly p-type more than 95% part of it. Therfore, the Si feedstock can be
called as “compencation free”. Concentraton of metal impurities in the Si feedstock are also less than 0.1ppmw. And
also, becase of low precipitateable elements C, O, N in the Si feedstock, it can be used for CZ mono crystal growth.
For the sake of these qualities, and its nugget shape, user can use this Si feedstock as same as Si made by the Siemens
method. Accrding to these advantages, NS Solar Material Co.,Ltd. start 500 ton/year plant in 2007 and has continued
to produce the compensation free Si feedstock.
Scale-Independent Inflation and Hierarchy Generation
Creators: name: Ferreira, Pedro G.
name: Hill, Christopher T.
name: Ross, Graham G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss models involving two scalar fields coupled to classical gravity that satisfy the general criteria: (i) the theory has no mass input parameters, (ii) classical scale symmetry is broken only through $-\frac{1}{12}ςϕ^2 R$ couplings where $ς$ departs from the special conformal value of $1$; (iii) the Planck mass is dynamically generated by the vacuum expectations values (VEVs) of the scalars (iv) there is a stage of viable inflation associated with slow roll in the two--scalar potential; (v) the final vacuum has a small to vanishing cosmological constant and an hierarchically small ratio of the VEVs and the ratio of the scalar masses to the Planck scale. This assumes the paradigm of classical scale symmetry as a custodial symmetry of large hierarchies.
description: 6 Pages, 3 pdf figures, published in Phys Lett B
title: Εκτίμηση του κόστους της χειρουργικής διόρθωσης της αποκόλλησης του αμφιβληστροειδούς του οφθαλμού με τη μέθοδο της υαλοειδεκτομής
title: The cost of surgical correction of retinal detachment of the eye
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Διβανέ, Μάρθα
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2021
Subjects: Εκτίμηση κόστους
Αποκόλληση αμφιβληστροειδούς
Υαλοειδεκτομή
Ιδιωτικά νοσοκομεία
Retinal detachment
Vitrectomy

description: Βασικός σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι να καταγράψει, να παρουσιάσει και να αναλύσει το κόστος της χειρουργικής διόρθωσης της αποκόλλησης του αμφιβληστροειδούς του οφθαλμού με υαλοειδεκτομή και πως αυτό αποτυπώνεται σε ένα Ιδιωτικό Φορέα Υγείας.
Health risk assessment using chemical signatures of fine and coarse particles collected at breathing level height during firework display in New Delhi, India
Creators: name: Rathee, Amarjeet
name: Yadav, Sudesh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Sporadic emissions of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5-10) particles at breathing level height (BLH) during Diwali, before Diwali and after Diwali (DD, BD and AD) in fireworks ban and no-ban years (2017 and 2018) were studied for water-soluble inorganic ions (WSII), organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), metals and health risk. Average PM2.5 level at BLH exceeded Air Quality Standard (60 µgm−3) by 7.6, 3.7 and 3.2 times during BD, DD and AD, respectively, in 2017 while impulsive increase was observed in 2018 during DD (26 times) followed by AD and BD (5.2 and 4.7 times). Al, K, Sr, Ba, NO3-, OC, Cl- in PM2.5 showed sudden increase during DD compared to BD and AD in non-Ban year (2018) and can be considered as markers of firework display. OC was more than EC in PM2.5 and was highest during BD and AD, as compare to DD. Dry deposition of emissions and re-suspension of residual ash/unburnt mass could be a reason for poor air quality at BLH. High Hazardous Index (HI) values in both size particles indicated that children were more vulnerable to exposure and were at high risk compared to adults. Cr followed by Cd and Ni in particles posed carcinogenic risk to children and adults. More such studies shall be conducted at BLH to improve human health risk assessment due to PM2.5 exposure.
Universal Properties of Type IIB and F-theory Flux Compactifications at Large Complex Structure
Creators: name: Marsh, M. C. David
name: Sousa, Kepa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider flux compactifications of type IIB string theory and F-theory in which the respective superpotentials at large complex structure are dominated by cubic or quartic terms in the complex structure moduli. In this limit, the low-energy effective theory for the complex structure and axio-dilaton sector exhibits universal properties that are insensitive to the details of the compactification manifold or the flux configuration. We show that there are no vacua in this region and the spectrum of the Hessian matrix is highly peaked and consists only of three distinct eigenvalues ($0$, $2m_{3/2}^2$ and $8m_{3/2}^2$), independently of the number of moduli. We briefly comment on how the inclusion of Kähler moduli affect these findings. Our results generalise those of Brodie & Marsh [1], in which these universal properties were found in a subspace of the large complex structure limit of type IIB compactifications.
description: 19 pages, published version
title: Μελέτη της αντιοξειδωτικής επίδρασης των βοτάνων βασιλικός-χαμομήλι στον Ροδίτη-αλεπού οίνο
title: Study of the antioxidant effect of herbs basil and chamomile on wine
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Καρανικόλας, Βασίλειος
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2022
Subjects: Οίνος
Βασιλικός
Χαμομήλι
Αντιοξειδωτική δράση
Βότανα

description: Στόχος της παρούσας πτυχιακής εργασίας είναι να μελετηθεί η πιθανή μεταβολή στα φαινολικά συστατικά και στην αντιοξειδωτική ικανότητα του «Ροδίτη αλεπού» οίνου, μετά την εκχύλισης των βοτάνων «Βασιλικός» και «Χαμομήλι» στο κρασί της συγκεκριμένης ποικιλίας. Η εκχύλιση των βοτάνων πραγματοποιήθηκε πριν από την ζύμωση σε γλεύκος το οποίο μόλις είχε ξεκινήσει την ζύμωση καθώς και μετά την ολοκλήρωση της ζύμωσης. Η εκχύλιση των βοτάνων ολοκληρώθηκε και διήρκησε είκοσι ημέρες. Σε όλες τις περιπτώσεις πραγματοποιήθηκε φιλτράρισμα των οίνων και ανάλυσή τους στο εργαστήριο. Ο προσδιορισμός των φαινολικών συστατικών του οίνου έγινε με φασματοσκοπικές μεθόδους με την μέθοδο Folin-Ciocalteu ενώ η αντιοξειδωτική ικανότητα των οίνων προσδιορίστηκε με την βοήθεια της μεθόδου DPPH. Σαν τελικό βήμα πραγματοποιήθηκε σύγκριση των δειγμάτων μεταξύ τους καθώς και με το δείγμα μάρτυρας. Τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν πως τα εκχυλίσματα των παραπάνω βοτάνων διαθέτουν αντιοξειδωτικές ιδιότητες προστατεύοντας τους οίνους από οξειδωτικές μεταβολές που υποβαθμίζουν την ποιότητά του.
Stable actions and central extensions
Creators: name: Kida, Yoshikata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A probability-measure-preserving action of a countable group is called stable if its transformation-groupoid absorbs the ergodic hyperfinite equivalence relation of type II_1 under direct product. We show that for a countable group G and its central subgroup C, if G/C has a stable action, then so does G. Combining a previous result of the author, we obtain a characterization of a central extension having a stable action.
description: 14 pages
Giant interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in MgO/CoFe/capping layer structures
Creators: name: Peng, Shouzhong
name: Zhao, Weisheng
name: Qiao, Junfeng
name: Su, Li
name: Zhou, Jiaqi
name: Yang, Hongxin
name: Zhang, Qianfan
name: Zhang, Youguang
name: Grezes, Cecile
name: Amiri, Pedram Khalili
name: Wang, Kang L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) based on CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB structures is of great interest due to its application in the spin-transfer-torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM). Large interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is required to achieve high thermal stability. Here we use first-principles calculations to investigate the magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of MgO/CoFe/capping layer structures, where the capping materials include 5d metals Hf, Ta, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au and 6p metals Tl, Pb, Bi. We demonstrate that it is feasible to enhance PMA by using proper capping materials. Relatively large PMA is found in the structures with capping materials of Hf, Ta, Os, Ir and Pb. More importantly, the MgO/CoFe/Bi structure gives rise to giant PMA (6.09 mJ/m2), which is about three times larger than that of the MgO/CoFe/Ta structure. The origin of the MAE is elucidated by examining the contributions to MAE from each atomic layer and orbital. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the PMA and point towards the possibility to achieve advanced-node STT-MRAM with high thermal stability.
description: 15 pages with 4 figures
Biofuels Versus Solar Electricity: A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Alternative Fuels
Creators: name: Flury, K.
name: Stucki, M.
name: Jungbluth, N.
name: Frischknecht, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Environmental Impacts, Recycling and Waste Management

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3169-3172
description: Motorised transportation contributes to a range of environmental impacts, such as climate change,
airborne emissions etc. New alternative motorisation concepts have come up in particular in order to reduce the
consumption of fossil fuels and the emissions of greenhouse gases. Two such alternative fuel concepts are biofuels
and electric mobility. If biofuels are made from agricultural crops, they require land. Land is also required if the
electricity for electric vehicles is generated with open ground photovoltaic power plants. The two concepts of vehicle
motorisation are compared from an environmental point of view. It is evaluated which concept can cover a larger
distance if the fuel is produced from one hectare of agricultural land. Driving electric vehicles with electricity from
open ground photovoltaic power plants is a considerably more efficient use of land than driving a car with biofuels
based on agricultural energy crops. Regarding the carbon footprint per km the two alternatives are in the same range,
but regarding the overall environmental impacts the electric vehicle powered with photovoltaic electricity performs
better. However, since photovoltaic open ground installations require the scarce resource of land, photovoltaic
installations on buildings are even more favourable from an environmental view.