cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Agricultural Supply Response: A Survey
Creators: name: Rao, J. Mohan
name: Rao, J. Mohan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Agribusiness
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This paper surveys the literature on agricultural supply response to prices in developing countries. Empirical estimates of elasticities depend both on the methodology adopted and on countryspecific factors relating to technology, economic structure and macro constraints. The paper seeks to establish some general conclusions on supply responsiveness within these limitations. Supply response to output prices at the aggregate and at the crop levels is considered first. Crop-specific acreage elasticities range between zero and 0.8 in the short run while long-run elasticities tend to be higher- between 0.3 and 1.2. Yield elasticities are smaller and less stable than acreage elasticities. Clearly, inter-crop pricing can be relied upon to effect shifts in the commodity composition of agricultural output. Evidence also suggests that supply elasticities vary systematically with such factors as price and yield risks, multiple-cropping, the importance of the crop, farm incomes, farm size, tenancy and literacy. The most controversial and important aspect of supply response is the effect on aggregate agricultural output of agriculture's terms of trade. Conventional time-series estimates range from 0.1 to 0.3. A major cross-country study reports an aggregate elasticity as high as 1.66. It is argued that cross-country estimates are apt to exaggerate aggregate responsiveness while time-series studies underestimate it somewhat. For LDCs, a tentative range of 0.4 to 0.5 seems plausible. Hence, the distributive effects of the terms of trade are likely to be more significant than the allocative effects. Asian evidence shows that only a third of the inter-country differences in fertilizer use can be attributed to fertilizer price policies. Provided new technologies and infrastructure are in place, fertilizer subsidies can help in technology diffusion and in overcoming credit constraints. The choice between price supports and input subsidies will depend on a variety of country- or situation-specific factors. Nevertheless, a significant general factor favoring price supports is that they can more easily be coupled with price stabilization goals than input subsidies. Though sparse, the available evidence on the response of marketed surplus suggests that price policy is not a reliable instrument for regulating inter-sectoral trade.
Intrinsic axion insulating behavior in antiferromagnetic MnBi$_6$Te$_{10}$
Creators: name: Jo, Na Hyun
name: Wang, Lin-Lin
name: Slager, Robert-Jan
name: Yan, Jiaqiang
name: Wu, Yun
name: Lee, Kyungchan
name: Schrunk, Benjamin
name: Vishwanath, Ashvin
name: Kaminski, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A striking feature of time reversal symmetry (TRS) protected topological insulators (TIs) is that they are characterized by a half integer quantum Hall effect on the boundary when the surface states are gapped by time reversal breaking perturbations. While time reversal symmetry (TRS) protected TIs have become increasingly under control, magnetic analogs are still largely unexplored territories with novel rich structures. In particular, topological magnetic insulators can also host a quantized axion term in the presence of lattice symmetries. Since these symmetries are naturally broken on the boundary, the surface states can develop a gap without external manipulation. In this work, we combine theoretical analysis, density functional calculations and experimental evidence to reveal intrinsic axion insulating behavior in MnBi6Te10. The quantized axion term arises from the simplest possible mechanism in the antiferromagnetic regime where it is protected by inversion symmetry and a fractional translation symmetry. The anticipated gapping of the Dirac surface state at the edge is subsequently experimentally established using Angle Resolved Spectroscopy. As a result, this system provides the magnetic analogue of the simplest TRS protected TI with a single, gapped Dirac cone at the surface.
Temperature-dependent quasiparticle band structure of the ferromagnetic semiconductor EuS
Creators: name: Mueller, W.
name: Nolting, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present calculations for the temperature-dependent electronic structure of the ferromagnetic semiconductor EuS. A combination of a many-body evaluation of a multiband Kondo-lattice model and a first-principles T=0--bandstructure calculation (tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital (TB-LMTO)) is used to get realistic information about temperature- and correlation effects in the EuS energy spectrum. The combined method strictly avoids double-counting of any relevant interaction. Results for EuS are presented in terms of spectral densities, quasiparticle band structures and quasiparticle densities of states, and that over the entire temperature range.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures
Supplementary material from Filamentous phages reduce bacterial growth in low salinities
Creators: name: Goehlich, Henry
name: Roth, Olivia
name: Wendling, Carolin C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Being non-lytic, filamentous phages can replicate at high frequencies and often carry virulence factors, which are important in the evolution and emergence of novel pathogens. However, their net-effect on bacterial fitness remains unknown. To understand the ecology and evolution between filamentous phages and their hosts, it is important to understand (i) fitness effects of a filamentous phages on their hosts and (ii) how these effects depend on the environment. To determine how the net-effect on bacterial fitness by filamentous phages changes across environments, we constructed phage–bacteria infection networks at ambient 15 practical salinity units (PSU) and stressful salinities (11 and 7 PSU) using the marine bacterium, Vibrio alginolyticus and its derived filamentous phages as model system. We observed no significant difference in network structure at 15 and 11 PSU. However, at 7 PSU phages significantly reduced bacterial growth changing network structure. This pattern was mainly driven by a significant increase in bacterial susceptibility. Our findings suggest that filamentous phages decrease bacterial growth, an indirect measure of fitness at stress-full environmental conditions, which might impact bacterial communities, alter horizontal gene transfer events and possibly favour the emergence of novel pathogens in environmental Vibrios.
Welfare Implications of a Preferential Tariff Reduction for Agricultural Exports from Less Developed Countries vs. a Generalized Tariff Reduction
Creators: name: Anania, Giovanni
name: Anania, Giovanni
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: The paper presents the results of a theoretical study focusing on a comparative evaluation of the welfare effects of a preferential tariff reduction for agricultural exports from less developed countJ;ies versus a generalized tariff reduction. The results are derived using a diagrammatic approach. The analysis is developed within a partial equilibrium framework with one commodity, three large countries (importing developed country, exporting developed country, developing country), fixed exchange rates and zero transportation costs. The theoretical model makes provisions for a country to switch from being an exporter to being an importer, or vice versa, as the equilibrium price changes. Three alternative policy scenarios are analyzed: the imposition of a non-discriminatory tariff, a preferential tariff reduction, and a generalized tariff reduction. Two alternative definitions of the welfare functions are used. One is based on consumers' and producers' surplus, the other adds domestic income and changes in foreign exchange earnings/expenditure. Some methodological implications of the specific model used are discussed, along with the impact, in terms of welfare, of the policy scenarios considered.
BIZNES STRATEGIYASI VA REJALASHTIRISH
Creators: name: Umirzoqov, O'rolbek
name: Orziqulova, Mehrinoz
name: Achilov, Mashrab
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqolada biznes strategiyasi va rejalashtirishning mohiyati, asosiy tamoyillari hamda ularning tadbirkorlik rivojlanishidagi o‘rni yoritilgan. Raqobat ustunligi, marketing strategiyalari, moliyaviy rejalashtirish va investitsiyalarni jalb qilish bo‘yicha samarali yondashuvlar tahlil qilingan. Bozor tahlili va innovatsion strategiyalar orqali muvaffaqiyatli biznes yuritish usullari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Maqolada O‘zbekiston iqtisodiyoti va biznes muhitidan kelib chiqqan holda amaliy tavsiyalar berilgan.
Muon spin relaxation studies of incommensurate magnetism and superconductivity in stage-4 La$_{2}$CuO$_{4.11}$ and La$_{1.88}$Sr$_{0.12}$CuO$_{4}$
Creators: name: Savici, A. T.
name: Fudamoto, Y.
name: Gat, I. M.
name: Ito, T.
name: Larkin, M. I.
name: Uemura, Y. J.
name: Luke, G. M.
name: Kojima, K. M.
name: Lee, Y. S.
name: Kastner, M. A.
name: Birgeneau, R. J.
name: Yamada, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reports muon spin relaxation (MuSR) measurements of two single crystals of the title high-Tc cuprate systems where static incommensurate magnetism and superconductivity coexist. By zero-field MuSR measurements and subsequent analyses with simulations, we show that (1) the maximum ordered Cu moment size (0.36 Bohr magneton) and local spin structure are identical to those in prototypical stripe spin systems with the 1/8 hole concentration; (2) the static magnetism is confined to less than a half of the volume of the sample, and (3) regions with static magnetism form nano-scale islands with the size comparable to the in-plane superconducting coherence length. By transverse-field MuSR measurements, we show that Tc of these systems is related to the superfluid density, in the same way as observed in cuprate systems without static magnetism. We discuss a heuristic model involving percolation of these nanoscale islands with static magnetism as a possible picture to reconcile heterogeneity found by the present MuSR study and long-range spin correlations found by neutron scattering.
description: 19 pages, 15 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B. E-mail: tomo@lorentz.phys.columbia.edu
Fertilizer in Indonesian Agriculture: the Subsidy Issue
Creators: name: Hedley, Douglas D.
name: Tabor, Steven R.
name: Hedley, Douglas D.
name: Tabor, Steven R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Production Economics

description: Indonesia began subsidizing fertilizer in 1971 to encourage its use as a complement to the new, high-yielding rice varieties that were becoming available. While providing considerable assistance to encouraging farmers to utilize these new HYV s and the associated package of inputs, the subsidy for fertilizer has attracted considerable attention in the light of the increasing budget limitations in Indonesia. The high levels of fertilizer and HYV use, the rapidly changing elasticities and cross elasticities among the major food crops, and the growing intersectoral linkages in the Indonesian economy suggest reasons for re-assessment of the subsidy for fertilizer. The operation of the subsidy is explained, followed by a discussion of changes in the relevant elasticities for demand and supply of commodities and fertilizer. A static welfare analysis of the fertilizer subsidy is presented, showing that the economic subsidy is worth only 42% of the financial subsidy and that farmers are receiving only 7% of the financial subsidy. A simulation of the effects on the food crop sector of removing the subsidy follows the welfare analysis. The paper concludes with an exploration of the policy issues stemming from the results.
Global Prescribed Mean Curvature foliations in cosmological spacetimes with matter, Part I
Creators: name: Henkel, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work investigates some global questions about cosmological spacetimes with two dimensional spherical, plane and hyperbolic symmetry containing matter. The result is, that these spacetimes admit a global foliation by prescribed mean curvature surfaces, which extends at least towards a crushing singularity. The time function of the foliation is geometrically defined and unique up to the choice of an initial Cauchy surface. This work generalizes a similar analysis on constant mean curvature foliations and avoids the topological obstructions arising from the existence problem.
description: 33 pages, no figures
From Hydrogen to Helium: The Spectral Evolution of White Dwarfs as Evidence for Convective Mixing
Creators: name: Cunningham, Tim
name: Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel
name: Fusillo, Nicola Pietro Gentile
name: Hollands, Mark
name: Cukanovaite, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the hypothesis that white dwarfs undergo a spectral change from hydrogen- to helium-dominated atmospheres using a volume-limited photometric sample drawn from the $Gaia$ DR2 catalogue, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the $Galaxy~Evolution~Explorer$ (GALEX). We exploit the strength of the Balmer jump in hydrogen-atmosphere DA white dwarfs to separate them from helium-dominated objects in SDSS colour space. Across the effective temperature range from 20000K to 9000K we find that 22% of white dwarfs will undergo a spectral change, with no spectral evolution being ruled out at 5$σ$. The most likely explanation is that the increase in He-rich objects is caused by the convective mixing of DA stars with thin hydrogen layers, in which helium is dredged up from deeper layers by a surface hydrogen convection zone. The rate of change in the fraction of He-rich objects as a function of temperature, coupled with a recent grid of 3D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of convective DA white dwarfs - which include the full overshoot region - lead to a discussion on the distribution of total hydrogen mass in white dwarfs. We find that 60% of white dwarfs must have a hydrogen mass larger than $M_{\rm H}/M_{\rm WD} = 10^{-10}$, another 25% have masses in the range $M_{\rm H}/M_{\rm WD} = 10^{-14}-10^{-10}$, and 15% have less hydrogen than $M_{\rm H}/M_{\rm WD} = 10^{-14}$. These results have implications for white dwarf asteroseismology, stellar evolution through the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) and accretion of planetesimals onto white dwarfs.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Transmission of price shifts in the context of structural adjustment: An empirical analysis for staple food after the devaluation of the franc CPA in Ivory Coast
Creators: name: Jutting, Johannes
name: Jutting, Johannes
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Production Economics
subject: Agricultural sector
subject: Devaluation
subject: Liberalisation
subject: Time-series model

description: This article analyses price shifts after currency devaluation in the Ivory Coast using a time-series modelling approach. Model results identify the liberalisation of the import-rice sector as the key factor for the transmission of price effects. Fixation of the imported rice price as a social compensatory measure hindered the adjustment of prices in the first year after the devaluation. As soon as the price controls on imported rice were lifted, prices changed in favour of tradable goods. The findings in this paper hint at a possible trade-off between the protection of vulnerable groups during the process of adjustment and the intended incentive effect. ©2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Supplementary materials from Ocean acidification changes the vertical movement of stone crab larvae
Creators: name: Gravinese, Philip M.
name: Enochs, Ian C.
name: Manzello, Derek P.
name: Woesik, Robert Van
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Supplementary materials include additional methodological details, larval geotaxis and individual larval swimming speed data, water chemistry data, and R statistical code.
The economics of coupled farm subsidies under costly and imperfect enforcement
Creators: name: Giannakas, Konstantinos
name: Fulton, Murray
name: Giannakas, Konstantinos
name: Fulton, Murray
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Production Economics
subject: Agricultural policy
subject: Enforcement
subject: Misrepresentation
subject: Subsidies
subject: Transfer efficiency

description: This study relaxes the assumption of perfect and costless policy enforcement found in traditional agricultural policy analysis and introduces enforcement costs and cheating into the economic analysis of output subsidies. Policy design and implementation is modeled in this paper as a sequential game between the regulator who decides on the level of intervention, an enforcement agency that determines the level of policy enforcement, and the farmer who makes the production and cheating decisions. Analytical results show that farmer compliance is not the natural outcome of self-interest and complete deterrence of cheating is not economically efficient. The analysis also shows that enforcement costs and cheating change the welfare effects of output subsidies, the efficiency of the policy instrument in redistributing income, the level of government intervention that transfers a given surplus to agricultural producers, the socially optimal income redistribution, and the social welfare from intervention. ©2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Software Testing Practices for Reproducible Open Science
Creators: name: Koufos, Alexander
name: Mundt, Miranda
name: Eisty, Nasir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software development
subject: Research Software Engineering
subject: Software Testing

description: Over the last two decades, the scientific community has been raising concerns about the “reproducibility crisis in science”. According to the Baker, M. 2016 study, in almost every area of science, more than 50% of scientists were unable to reproduce their own work, let alone another group's. This crisis gained national attention, during which the US Congress tasked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to investigate this issue. They defined reproducibility, i.e. computational reproducibility, as “obtaining consistent results using the same input data; computational steps, methods, and code; and conditions of analysis.”

Almost all of today's research requires writing code, and as scientists, likely alone. In this poster, we extend the intent of the Koufos, A. TESS 2024 poster, focusing on testing practices you can start following that will help improve the likelihood of reproducibility in your research.
Analysis of SLA Compliance in the Cloud -- An Automated, Model-based Approach
Creators: name: de Boer, Frank S.
name: Giachino, Elena
name: de Gouw, Stijn
name: Hähnle, Reiner
name: Johnsen, Einar Broch
name: Laneve, Cosimo
name: Pun, Ka I
name: Zavattaro, Gianluigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Service Level Agreements (SLA) are commonly used to specify the quality attributes between cloud service providers and the customers. A violation of SLAs can result in high penalties. To allow the analysis of SLA compliance before the services are deployed, we describe in this paper an approach for SLA-aware deployment of services on the cloud, and illustrate its workflow by means of a case study. The approach is based on formal models combined with static analysis tools and generated runtime monitors. As such, it fits well within a methodology combining software development with information technology operations (DevOps).
description: In Proceedings VORTEX 2018, arXiv:1908.09302
Random sampling of an AC source: A tool to teach probabilistic observations
Creators: name: Arvind
name: Chandi, P. S.
name: Singh, R. C.
name: Indumathi, D.
name: Shankar, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An undergraduate level experiment is described to demonstrate the role of probabilistic observations in physics. A capacitor and a DC voltmeter are used to randomly sample an AC voltage source. The resulting probability distribution is analyzed to extract information about the AC source. Different characteristic probability distributions arising from various AC waveforms are calculated and experimentally measured. The reconstruction of the AC waveform is demonstrated from the measured probability distribution under certain restricted circumstances. The results are also compared with a simulated data sample. We propose this as a pedagogical tool to teach probabilistic measurements and their manipulations.
description: Revtex4 file, 10 pages with 8 figures
From Boomers to Zoomers: generational shifts in drivers of satisfaction with democracy in Western Europe
Creators: name: Romero-Vidal, Xavier
name: Talukder, David
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: A crucial factor for the survival of democracies is the extent to which democratic attitudes are widespread in a society. Yet, in a context of increasing dissatisfaction in Western Europe, some studies suggest that younger generations are becoming less attached to democracy. In this article, we take a step back and explore the factors that can explain generational differences in democratic attitudes. In particular, we identify the political and economic drivers of satisfaction with democracy and test for variation across generations in West European democracies. By incorporating the newly of-age Generation Z, we compare the political drivers of satisfaction with democracy of this cohort with those of older generations. Our results show that younger cohorts’ satisfaction with democracy is more influenced by economic conditions than previous cohorts. The results highlight the importance of addressing the economic well-being and specific needs of younger generations to mitigate their disenchantment with democracy.
The external costs of pasture weed spread: an economic assessment of serrated tussock control
Creators: name: Jones, R.E.
name: Vere, D.T.
name: Campbell, M.H.
name: Jones, R.E.
name: Vere, D.T.
name: Campbell, M.H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Production Economics
subject: External costs
subject: Weed spread
subject: Stochastic simulation
subject: Australia

description: The external cost associated with the spread of pasture weeds such as serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma) is an important economic problem. This problem is complicated in many parts of south-eastern Australia where low rainfall and low soil fertility prevent the economic viability of control of this weed through pasture improvement. A consequence of serrated tussock spread in this region has been calls for increased public intervention in its control. However, because there have been no attempts to measure the external costs of serrated tussock spread, one of the major economic grounds on which this activity might be justified has not been quantified. The purpose of this paper is to provide this information. A stochastic simulation model is developed to determine the size of the external cost associated with the spread of serrated tussock and to evaluate the economic benefits of a range of control scenarios. It is concluded that on low rainfall-low soil fertility country the socially optimal control option for sen·ated tussock is to retire land from agriculture and re-vegetate it with trees. ©2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
SNITCH: Dynamic Dependent Information Flow Analysis for Independent Java Bytecode
Creators: name: Geraldo, Eduardo
name: Seco, João Costa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Software testing is the most commonly used technique in the industry to certify the correctness of software systems. This includes security properties like access control and data confidentiality. However, information flow control and the detection of information leaks using tests is a demanding task without the use of specialized monitoring and assessment tools. In this paper, we tackle the challenge of dynamically tracking information flow in third-party Java-based applications using dependent information flow control. Dependent security labels increase the expressiveness of traditional information flow control techniques by allowing to parametrize labels with context-related information and allowing for the specification of more detailed and fine-grained policies. Instead of the fixed security lattice used in traditional approaches that defines a fixed set of security compartments, dependent security labels allow for a dynamic lattice that can be extended at runtime, allowing for new security compartments to be defined using context values. We present a specification and instrumentation approach for rewriting JVM compiled code with in-lined reference monitors. To illustrate the proposed approach we use an example and a working prototype, SNITCH. SNITCH operates over the static single assignment language Shimple, an intermediate representation for Java bytecode used in the SOOT framework.
description: In Proceedings VORTEX 2018, arXiv:1908.09302
The Cold Big-Bang Cosmology as a Counter-example to Several Anthropic Arguments
Creators: name: Aguirre, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general Friedmann big-bang cosmology can be specified by fixing a half-dozen cosmological parameters such as the photon-to-baryon ratio Eta, the cosmological constant Lambda, the curvature scale R, and the amplitude Q of (assumed scale-invariant) primordial density fluctuations. There is currently no established theory as to why these parameters take the particular values we deduce from observations. This has led to proposed `anthropic' explanations for the observed value of each parameter, as the only value capable of generating a universe that can host intelligent life. In this paper, I explicitly show that the requirement that the universe generates sun-like stars with planets does not fix these parameters, by developing a class of cosmologies (based on the classical `cold big-bang' model) in which some or all of the cosmological parameters differ by orders of magnitude from the values they assume in the standard hot big-bang cosmology, without precluding in any obvious way the existence of intelligent life. I also give a careful discussion of the structure and context of anthropic arguments in cosmology, and point out some implications of the cold big-bang model's existence for anthropic arguments concerning specific parameters.
description: 13 PRD-style pages, 2 postscript figures. Reference 26 corrected. Accepted to Phys. Rev. D
The political economy of public research investment and commodity policies in agriculture: an empirical study
Creators: name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Gorter, Harry De
name: Rausser, Gordon C.
name: Banerjee, Anurag N.
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Gorter, Harry De
name: Rausser, Gordon C.
name: Banerjee, Anurag N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Agricultural protection
subject: Public research investment
subject: Political economy

description: The paper tests a political economy theory of simultaneous government decision-making on income redistribution through commodity policies and on public research investment in agriculture. We use data from 37 countries on agricultural protection and public agricultural research expenditures (PARI). The empirical results are consistent with the political economy hypotheses. The analysis suggest that structural changes in the economy have important effects on the political incentives for governments not only to subsidize or tax farmers, but also to invest in public agricultural research. Furthermore, the analysis supports the hypotheses that the impact of such structural changes on government decision-making on PARl is non-linear and conditional on other factors. Regarding the impact of political institutions, the results suggest that more democracy neither leads to more distortionary transfers (agricultural protection), nor to lower investment in public goods (PARI). © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Frequency and Phase Synchronization in Stochastic Systems
Creators: name: Freund, Jan A.
name: Schimansky-Geier, Lutz
name: Haenggi, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phenomenon of frequency and phase synchronization in stochastic systems requires a revision of concepts originally phrased in the context of purely deterministic systems. Various definitions of an instantaneous phase are presented and compared with each other with special attention payed to their robustness with respect to noise. We review the results of an analytic approach describing noise-induced phase synchronization in a thermal two-state system. In this context exact expressions for the mean frequency and the phase diffusivity are obtained that together determine the average length of locking episodes. A recently proposed method to quantify frequency synchronization in noisy potential systems is presented and exemplified by applying it to the periodically driven noisy harmonic oscillator. Since this method is based on a threshold crossing rate pioneered by S.O. Rice the related phase velocity is termed Rice frequency. Finally, we discuss the relation between the phenomenon of stochastic resonance and noise-enhanced phase coherence by applying the developed concepts to the periodically driven bistable Kramers oscillator.
description: to appear in the Chaos focus issue on "Control, communication, and synchronization in chaotic dynamical systems"
Measuring research benefits in an imperfect market: second comment
Creators: name: Holloway, Garth John
name: Holloway, Garth John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research benefits
subject: Market imperfections

description: This note generalizes a finding about the necessary and sufficient conditions for research to generate greater benefits in the presence of distortions and highlights a significant source of bias in conventional cost-benefit calculations. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Hybridised Open Educational Resources and Rotation Based Learning
Creators: name: Kershaw, Sophie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 80110 Simulation and Modelling
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 80708 Records and Information Management (excl. Business Records and Information Management)
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 80707 Organisation of Information and Knowledge Resources
subject: 80306 Open Software
subject: 80205 Numerical Computation
subject: 80204 Mathematical Software
subject: 80106 Image Processing
subject: 80403 Data Structures
subject: 80603 Conceptual Modelling
subject: Computer Software
subject: Computation Theory and Mathematics
subject: 80401 Coding and Information Theory
subject: 80301 Bioinformatics Software
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: 80202 Applied Discrete Mathematics
subject: Applied Computer Science

description: Traditional approaches within higher education focus almost entirely on the student as a research producer. Little attention is given to training students to see themselves as research users; the resulting research output from the academic community thereafter reflects this skewed perspective.
In this vision paper, we outline why an overt emphasis on the producer, at the expense of the user, role within the higher education system is detrimental to the viability of the resulting research output. We propose a new educational model to address this issue, employing a novel approach we term rotation based learning (RBL), which harnesses Open Educational Resources (OER) to deliver in-person education in a digitally advancing research landscape, coordinated over a broad geographical region.
Geometry of Time and Dimensionality of Space
Creators: name: Saniga, Metod
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most distinguished features of our algebraic geometrical, pencil concept of space-time is the fact that spatial dimensions and time stand, as far as their intrinsic structure is concerned, on completely different footings: the former being represented by pencils of lines, the latter by a pencil of conics. As a consequence, we argue that even at the classical (macroscopic) level there exists a much more intricate and profound coupling between space and time than that dictated by (general) relativity theory. It is surmised that this coupling can be furnished by so-called Cremona (or birational) transformations between two projective spaces of three dimensions, being fully embodied in the structure of configurations of their fundamental elements. We review properties of some of the simplest Cremona transformations and show that the corresponding "fundamental" space-times exhibit an intimate connection between the extrinsic geometry of time dimension and the dimensionality of space. Moreover, these Cremonian space-times seem to provide us with a promising conceptual basis for the possible reconciliation between two extreme concepts of (space-)time, viz. physical and psychological. Some speculative remarks in this respect are made.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the NATO ARW "The Nature of Time: Geometry, Physics and Perception," edited by R. Buccheri, M. Saniga and W.M. Stuckey, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht / Boston / London, 2003, pp. 131-143
Who is to Blame? Runtime Verification of Distributed Objects with Active Monitors
Creators: name: Ahrendt, Wolfgang
name: Henrio, Ludovic
name: Oortwijn, Wytse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Since distributed software systems are ubiquitous, their correct functioning is crucially important. Static verification is possible in principle, but requires high expertise and effort which is not feasible in many eco-systems. Runtime verification can serve as a lean alternative, where monitoring mechanisms are automatically generated from property specifications, to check compliance at runtime. This paper contributes a practical solution for powerful and flexible runtime verification of distributed, object-oriented applications, via a combination of the runtime verification tool Larva and the active object framework ProActive. Even if Larva supports in itself only the generation of local, sequential monitors, we empower Larva for distributed monitoring by connecting monitors with active objects, turning them into active, communicating monitors. We discuss how this allows for a variety of monitoring architectures. Further, we show how property specifications, and thereby the generated monitors, provide a model that splits the blame between the local object and its environment. While Larva itself focuses on monitoring of control-oriented properties, we use the Larva front-end StaRVOOrS to also capture data-oriented (pre/post) properties in the distributed monitoring. We demonstrate this approach to distributed runtime verification with a case study, a distributed key/value store.
description: In Proceedings VORTEX 2018, arXiv:1908.09302
Spin Wave Propagation in the Domain State of a Random Field Magnet
Creators: name: Leheny, R. L.
name: Lee, Y. S.
name: Shirane, G.
name: Birgeneau, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inelastic neutron scattering with high wave-vector resolution has characterized the propagation of transverse spin wave modes near the antiferromagnetic zone center in the metastable domain state of a random field Ising magnet. A well-defined, long wavelength excitation is observed despite the absence of long-range magnetic order. Direct comparisons with the spin wave dispersion in the long-range ordered antiferromagnetic state reveal no measurable effects from the domain structure. This result recalls analogous behavior in thermally disordered anisotropic spin chains but contrasts sharply with that of the phonon modes in relaxor ferroelectrics.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Minor revisions made to text; figures and references corrected
Price, taste or dietetics: how to explain the continuity and change in food provisioning by the ladies of the Saint-Cyr Covent-School in the 18th century
Creators: name: Bruegel, Martin
name: Chevet, Jean-Michel
name: Bruegel, Martin
name: Chevet, Jean-Michel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The food supplies at the Convent-School of Saint-Cyr come close to offering the conditions of a laboratory experiment for the analysis of alimentary practices and norms of consumption. The data provides an historical take on our current preoccupations with the possibilities of modifying food habits by way of prices or by the dissemination of information. Food prices do not explain the how and the why of the supplies at Saint-Cyr, whose aristocratic status compelled it to respect certain consumptions. However, the managers were apparently informed about dietary recommendations which do much to account for the secular changes in this institution's food habits. Thus, historical research produces substantial knowledge on the determinants of food purchases; it also offers the opportunity to test the pertinence of a variety of methodologies used to explain (and act upon) the contemporary world.
TADBIRKORLIK VA KICHIK BIZNESDA RAQAMLI IQTISODIYOTNING TA'SIR DOIRASI.
Creators: name: Umirzoqov, O'rolbek
name: Zohirov, Akbar
name: Kariyeva, Gulnora
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqolada raqamli iqtisodiyot sharoitida kichik biznes va tadbirkorlikda marketing faoliyatini rivojlantirish, marketing tushunchasi va uning mohiyati, va bu borada qilinadigan ishlar, kichik biznes va tadbirkorlikda marketingni o‘rni haqida qisqacha ma’lumotlar berib o‘tilgan. Mamlakatimizda amalga oshirilayotgan iqtisodiy islohotlarning hozirgi bosqichi kichik biznes va hususiy tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirish, unga keng iqtisodiy erkinlik berish bilan samaradorligini oshirishni takomillashtirishni taqazo etmoqda. Bu maqsadga erishish uchun mamlakatimiz rahbari tomonidan bir qancha farmon va qarorlarning ishlab chiqilishi kichik biznes va xususiy tadbirkorlikni samaradorlini oshirishga albatta xizmat qiladi.
Global Prescribed Mean Curvature foliations in cosmological spacetimes with matter, Part II
Creators: name: Henkel, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This second part is devoted to the investigation of global properties of Prescribed Mean Curvature (PMC) foliations in cosmological spacetimes with local $U(1) \times U(1)$ symmetry and matter described by the Vlasov equation. It turns out, that these spacetimes admit a global foliation by PMC surfaces, as well, but the techniques to achieve this goal are more complex than in the cases considered in part I.
description: 25 pages, no figures
Renormalization group flow of coupled tensorial group field theories: Towards the Ising model on random lattices
Creators: name: Lahoche, Vincent
name: Samary, Dine Ousmane
name: Pereira, Antonio D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new family of tensorial field theories by coupling different fields in a non-trivial way, with a view towards the investigation of the coupling between matter and gravity in the quantum regime. As a first step, we consider the simple case with two tensors of the same rank coupled together, with Dirac like kinetic kernel. We focus especially on rank-$3$ tensors, which lead to a power counting just-renormalizable model, and interpret Feynman graphs as Ising configurations on random lattices. We investigate the renormalization group flow for this model, using two different and complementary tools for approximations, namely, the effective vertex expansion method and finite-dimensional truncations for the flowing action. Due to the complicated structure of the resulting flow equations, we divided the work into two parts. In this first part we only investigate the fundamental aspects on the construction of the model and the different ways to get tractable renormalization group equations, while their numerical analysis will be addressed in a companion paper.
description: 61 pages 7 figures
Biolinguistics XXI: Semantics and Pragmatics
Creators: name: Casares, Ramón
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: I defend that the main task of language is to deal with intended meanings, and therefore that language should be centered on semantics and pragmatics. I propose a subjectivist program based on problem solving to achieve that conception of language. I argue that the predominant program of language, which is centered on syntax, is driving biolinguistics to a dead-end.
Ambivalence of biofuel chains in France
Creators: name: Sourie, Jean-Claude
name: Tréguer, David
name: Rozakis, Stelios
name: Sourie, Jean-Claude
name: Tréguer, David
name: Rozakis, Stelios
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries

description: From a situation of little importance in French crops (324,000 hectares in 2004 including 300,000 hectares of rapeseed), the surface area of energy crops should quickly grow in order to increase the level of incorporation of biofuels in fossil fuels to 5.75% by 2010 (recommended value of Directive 2003/30/EC, “promotion of biofuels”). The French government recently increased the authorized quantities of biofuel production. In the present context where oil prices are close to 70$ a barrel and where the fight against global warming has become a priority, biofuels are shown in quite a favourable light. However, considering, on the whole, their very poor energy yield per hectare of land and their high costs, we are led to temper the very optimistic analyses carried out on them. Essentially presented as energy chains, it should not be forgotten that biofuels are also an indirect way of supporting agribusiness and agriculture, under the responsibility of each country. The main results summarised here concern France. They are obtained by using a dynamic and partial equilibrium model, OSCAR (Optimisation of the Economic Surplus of Renewable Agricultural Biofuels), developed by the INRA (France) (frame 1). The strong points of this model consist in a detailed formalization of food and non-food agricultural supplies, considering CAP evolutions and the impacts of biofuels on farming incomes as well as on farming jobs.
Correlation structure in nondipole photoionization
Creators: name: Amusia, M. Ya.
name: Baltenkov, A. S.
name: Chernysheva, L. V.
name: Felfli, Z.
name: Manson, S. T.
name: Msezane, A. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nondipole parameters that characterize the angular disribution of the photoelectrons from the 3d subshell of Cs are found to be altered qualitatively by the inclusion of correlation in the form of interchannel coupling between the $3d_{3/2}$ and $3d_{5/2}$ photoionization channels. A prominent characteristic maximum is predicted only in the parameters for $3d_{5/2}$ photoionization, while the effect for $3d_{3/2}$ is rather weak. The results are obtained within the framework of the Generalized Random Phase Approximation with Exchange (GRPAE), which in addition to the RPAE effects takes into account the rearrangement of all atomic electrons due to the creation of a 3d vacancy.
Evolution of cosmological perturbations in non-singular string cosmologies
Creators: name: Cartier, Cyril
name: Hwang, Jai-chan
name: Copeland, Edmund J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a class of non-singular cosmologies derived from higher-order corrections to the low-energy bosonic string action, we derive evolution equations for the most general cosmological scalar, vector and tensor perturbations. In the large scale limit, the evolutions of both scalar and tensor perturbations are characterised by conserved quantities, the usual curvature perturbation in the uniform-field gauge and the tensor-type perturbed metric. The vector perturbation is not affected, being described by the conservation of the angular momentum of the fluid component in the absence of any additional dissipative process. For the scalar- and tensor-type perturbations, we show how, given a background evolution during kinetic driven inflation of the dilaton field, we can obtain the final power spectra generated from the vacuum quantum fluctuations of the metric and the dilaton field during the inflation.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D