cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the Challenges of Measuring Energetic Particles in the Inner Belt: A Geant4 Simulation of an Energetic Particle Detector Instrument, REPTile-2
Creators: name: Khoo, L
name: Li, X
name: Selesnick, R
name: Schiller, Q
name: Zhang, K
name: Zhao, H
name: Hogan, B
name: Cantilina, J
name: Sims, A
name: Bauch, E
name: Valade, T
name: Boyajian, S
name: Kohnert, R
Publisher: name: American Geophysical Union
Year: 2022

description: Following the retirement of the community supported Van Allen Probes mission, the quest for high-quality energetic particle measurements in the radiation belts is likely to be taken on by smaller spacecraft like CubeSats in the foreseeable future. Here we introduce the Relativistic Electron Proton Telescope integrated little experiment-2 (REPTile-2), a miniaturized (similar to 1.5 U) solid-state charged particle telescope that aims to undertake this challenging task. It incorporates detailed pulse-height analysis to enable 60 electron channels and 60 proton channels and includes anticoincidence detectors to minimize unwanted background contamination. This paper presents a description of the REPTile-2 design and emphasizes the importance of extensive Geant4-based analysis to inform the design of a new energetic particle detector and characterize the instrument response. Our analysis shows that REPTile-2 can measure similar to 0.3-similar to 4 MeV electrons and similar to 6.7-35 MeV protons with energy resolution ( increment E/E) of 7%-38% for electrons and 1.5%-5% for protons. Results from a Sr-90/Y-90 radioactive source test have verified the instrument performance and the validity of the Geant4 simulations. These energetic particle measurements will enable a new scientific understanding of the inner radiation belt, where unwanted contamination from the unforgiving penetration of highly energetic protons (tens of MeV to GeV) is common, and provide detailed quantification of the inner belt electrons and protons in the low-Earth orbit that is crucial for space weather modeling.
Nonlinear behaviour of the nonradiative exciton reservoir in quantum wells
Creators: name: Kurdyubov, A. S.
name: Trifonov, A. V.
name: Mikhailov, A. V.
name: Efimov, Yu. P.
name: Eliseev, S. A.
name: Lovtcius, V. A.
name: Ignatiev, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Excitons and free charge carriers with large wave vectors form a nonradiative reservoir, which can strongly affect properties of bright excitons due to the exciton-exciton and exciton-carrier interactions. In the present work, the dynamics of quasiparticles in the reservoir at different areal densities is experimentally studied in a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well using a time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy of nonradiative broadening of exciton resonances. The population of the reservoir is controlled either by the excitation power or by the temperature of the structure under study. The dynamics is quantitatively analyzed in the framework of the model developed earlier [Kurdyubov et al., Phys. Rev. B {\bf 104}, 035414 (2021)]. The model considers several dynamic processes, such as scattering of photoexcited excitons into the reservoir, dissociation of excitons into free charge carriers and the reverse process, carrier-induced exciton scattering into the light cone depleting the reservoir, thermally activated nonradiative losses of charge carriers. We have found that competition of these processes leads to highly nonlinear dynamics of reservoir excitons, although their density is far below the exciton Mott transition densities. Characteristic rates of the processes and their dependencies on the excitation power and the temperature are determined.
description: Submitted to PRB
Novel Data Analysis Tool for the Evaluation of Coincidence Doppler Broadening Spectra of the Positron-Electron Annihilation Line
Creators: name: Chryssos, Leon
name: Hugenschmidt, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coincidence Doppler Broadening Spectroscopy (CDBS) of the 511 keV annihilation line reveals the elemental signature at the annihilation site in matter. For this reason, CDBS enables the analysis of foreign atoms in the host matrix, vacancy-solute complexes and precipitates in solids. Due to the lack of a comprehensive program for the analysis of CDBS data we developed a modular python-based open source software solution for the reliable extraction of the annihilation line to provide so-called ratio curves highlighting the elemental signature in the spectra. In particular, the new program allows the readout and spectra averaging of multiple detector pairs. Moreover, we implemented an improved algorithm to further reduce the background by about one order of magnitude at high Doppler shifts.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures
Spatial Search on Grids with Minimum Memory
Creators: name: Ambainis, Andris
name: Portugal, Renato
name: Nahimov, Nikolay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum algorithms for spatial search on finite dimensional grids. Patel et al. and Falk have proposed algorithms based on a quantum walk without a coin, with different operators applied at even and odd steps. Until now, such algorithms have been studied only using numerical simulations. In this paper, we present the first rigorous analysis for an algorithm of this type, showing that the optimal number of steps is $O(\sqrt{N\log N})$ and the success probability is $O(1/\log N)$, where $N$ is the number of vertices. This matches the performance achieved by algorithms that use other forms of quantum walks.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure
Energetic requirements of the gamma-ray emission from pulsars: A nonparametric analysis of the data in the Fermi-LAT 12-Year Catalog
Creators: name: Ardavan, Houshang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The prevalent view that the radio-loud gamma-ray pulsars have gamma-ray luminosities that exceed their radio luminosities by several orders of magnitude is based on the assumption that the decay with distance of their gamma-ray fluxes obeys the inverse-square law as does that of their radio fluxes. The results presented here, of testing the hypothesis of independence of luminosities and distances of gamma-ray pulsars by means of the Efron-Petrosian statistic, do not uphold this assumption however: they imply that the observational data in the Fermi-LAT 12-Year Catalog are consistent with the dependence $S\propto D^{-3/2}$ of the flux densities $S$ of the gamma-ray pulsars on their distances $D$ at substantially higher levels of significance than they are with the dependence $S\propto D^{-2}$. These results, which were theoretically predicted in Ardavan (2021, MNRAS, 507, 4530), are not incompatible with the requirements of the conservation of energy because the radiation process by which the superluminally moving current sheet in the magnetosphere of a neutron star has been shown to generate the slowly decaying gamma-ray pulses is intrinsically transient: the difference in the fluxes of power across any two spheres centred on the star is balanced by the change with time of the energy contained inside the shell bounded by those spheres. Once the over-estimation of their values is rectified, the luminosities of gamma-ray pulsars turn out to have the same range of values as do the luminosities of radio pulsars. This conclusion agrees with that reached earlier on the basis of the smaller data set in the Second Fermi-LAT Catalog of Gamma-ray Pulsars.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2201.09256, arXiv:2202.05162
Fragile antiferromagnetism in the heavy-fermion compound YbBiPt
Creators: name: Ueland, B. G.
name: Kreyssig, A.
name: Prokeš, K.
name: Lynn, J. W.
name: Harriger, L. W.
name: Pratt, D. K.
name: Singh, D. K.
name: Heitmann, T. W.
name: Sauerbrei, S.
name: Saunders, S. M.
name: Mun, E. D.
name: Bud'ko, S. L.
name: McQueeney, R. J.
name: Canfield, P. C.
name: Goldman, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results from neutron scattering experiments on single crystals of YbBiPt that demonstrate antiferromagnetic order characterized by a propagation vector, $τ_{\rm{AFM}}$ = ($\frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2}$), and ordered moments that align along the [1 1 1] direction of the cubic unit cell. We describe the scattering in terms of a two-Gaussian peak fit, which consists of a narrower component that appears below $T_{\rm{N}}~\approx 0.4$ K and corresponds to a magnetic correlation length of $ξ_{\rm{n}} \approx$ 80 $\rmÅ$, and a broad component that persists up to $T^*\approx$ 0.7 K and corresponds to antiferromagnetic correlations extending over $ξ_{\rm{b}} \approx$ 20 $\rmÅ$. Our results illustrate the fragile magnetic order present in YbBiPt and provide a path forward for microscopic investigations of the ground states and fluctuations associated with the purported quantum critical point in this heavy-fermion compound.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Complex electronic structure of Ca(1-x)Sr(x)RuO(3)
Creators: name: Maiti, Kalobaran
name: Singh, Ravi Shankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the core level spectra of Ca(1-x)Sr(x)RuO(3) employing high resolution photoemission spectroscopy. Sample surface appears to be dominated by the contributions from Ru-O layers. Sr 3p core level spectra are sharp and asymmetric in SrRuO(3) as expected in a metallic system, and exhibit multiple features for the intermediate compositions that can be attributed to the difference in Ca-O and Sr-O covalency. The Ru core level spectra exhibit distinct signature of satellite features due to the finite electron correlations strength among Ru 4d electrons. The intensity of the satellite feature is weaker in the surface spectra compared to the bulk. The low temperature spectra exhibit enhancement of satellite intensity in the spectra corresponding to ferromagnetic compositions due to the inter-site exchange coupling induced depletion of the intensity at the Fermi level. The increase in x leads to a decrease in satellite intensity that has been attributed to the increase in hopping interaction strength due to the enhancement of the Ru-O-Ru bond angle. Evidently, the complex electronic properties of these materials are derived from the interplay between the electron correlation and hopping interaction strengths.
description: 5 figures
Efeito de diferentes dosagens de cama de aviário no desenvolvimento de mudas de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp).pdf
Creators: name: Zandia Maria De Souza Nascimento
name: Miranda, Raul Coimbra
name: Silva, Marcus Vinicius Santiago De Oliveira E
name: Campos, Ingrid Leão
name: Silva, Amanda Nunes Da
name: Fernandes, Abel Junior Cruz
name: Dias, Alex Felix
name: Nascimento, Emanuela Silva Do
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 70302 Agronomy
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: A utilização dos recursos naturais na agricultura, para a diminuição de custos, implicações ao meio ambiente e favorecimento do desenvolvimento vegetal, tem sido, durante anos, um importante foco de debate, principalmente no campo da agroecologia. Neste cenário, insere-se a adubação orgânica como alternativa complementar à adubação química, considerando as suas vantagens. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o desenvolvimento de mudas de feijão-caupi submetidas a distintas dosagens de cama de aviário. O estudo experimental ocorreu em casa de vegetação, na Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), campus Belém (PA). Utilizaram-se quatro dosagens do composto orgânico (0%, 20%, 40% e 60%) e a avalição do crescimento das mudas deu-se por meio da altura média das plantas (AMP) e do peso médio da matéria fresca (PMMF). Os resultados revelaram que o desenvolvimento das plantas foi favorecido com a utilização da cama de aviário, especialmente na dosagem de 20%. No entanto, a concentração de 60% demonstrou causar uma possível fitotoxicidade.
Modeling the Dynamics of Radiation Belt Electrons With Source and Loss Driven by the Solar Wind
Creators: name: Xiang, Zheng
name: Li, Xinlin
name: Kapali, Sudha
name: Gannon, Jennifer
name: Ni, Binbin
name: Zhao, Hong
name: Zhang, Kun
name: Khoo, Leng Ying
Publisher: name: American Geophysical Union
Year: 2021

description: A radial diffusion model directly driven by the solar wind is developed to reproduce MeV electron variations between L = 2-12 (L is L* in this study) from October 2012 to April 2015. The radial diffusion coefficient, internal source rate, quick loss due to EMIC waves, and slow loss due to hiss waves are all expressed in terms of the solar wind speed, dynamic pressure, and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The model achieves a prediction efficiency (PE) of 0.45 at L = 5 and 0.51 at L = 4 after converting the electron phase space densities to differential fluxes and comparing with Van Allen Probes measurements of 2 and 3 MeV electrons at L = 5 and L = 4, respectively. Machine learning techniques are used to tune parameters to get higher PE. By tuning parameters for every 60-day period, the model obtains PE values of 0.58 and 0.82 at L = 5 and L = 4, respectively. Inspired by these results, we divide the solar wind activity into three categories based on the condition of solar wind speed, IMF Bz, and dynamic pressure, and then tune these three sets of parameters to obtain the highest PE. This experiment confirms that the solar wind speed has the greatest influence on the electron flux variations, particularly at higher L, while the dynamic pressure has more influence at lower L. Also, the PE at L = 4 is mostly higher than those at L = 5, suggesting that the electron loss due to the magnetopause shadowing combined with the outward radial diffusion is not well captured in the model.
Recurrent bursts via linear processes in turbulent environments
Creators: name: Brethouwer, Geert
name: Schlatter, Philipp
name: Duguet, Yohann
name: Henningson, Dan S.
name: Johansson, Arne V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large-scale instabilities occurring in the presence of small-scale turbulent fluctuations are frequently observed in geophysical or astrophysical contexts but are difficult to reproduce in the laboratory. Using extensive numerical simulations, we report here on intense recurrent bursts of turbulence in plane Poiseuille flow rotating about a spanwise axis. A simple model based on the linear instability of the mean flow can predict the structure and time scale of the nearly-periodic and self-sustained burst cycles. Rotating Poiseuille flow is suggested as a prototype for future studies of low-dimensional dynamics embedded in strongly turbulent environments.
Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays -- an Overview
Creators: name: Aloisio, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the main experimental evidences on ultra high energy cosmic rays and their implications in the physics of these extremely energetic particles, also in connection with dark matter and cosmology. We discuss the basis of theoretical models aiming at explaining observations, highlighting the most relevant open questions in this fascinating field of research.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures, invited review talk given at the 12th Cosmic Rays International Seminar, CRIS 2022, 12-16 September 2022, Naples, Italy
An integrated platform for comparing reference extraction toolkits and provisioning their output
Creators: name: Mayr, Philipp
name: Backes, Tobias
name: Shahid, Muhammad Ahsan
name: Iurshina, Anastasiia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: reference extraction
reference matching
extraction tools

description: OUTCITE - An integrated platform for comparing reference extraction toolkits and provisioning their output Tobias Backes, Muhammad Ahsan Shahid, Anastasiia Iurshina, Philipp Mayr In this presentation, we show how the OUTCITE Demonstrator  can be used to subjectively and objectively compare different chains of reference extraction tools. Applying pipelines that combine different steps from known reference extraction tools to uploaded PDF documents, we currently provide easy access to GROBID, Cermine, Anystyle, and Exparser. Using different gold and silver datasets, we can objectively compare the performance of different tool combinations. In addition, the intuitive upload functionality allows users to obtain a subjective impression of the different results. In the future, we might be able to provide machine-access to offer users the option to upload multiple PDF files and look up the results later. However, for very large-scale processing, the platform should be installed locally by users seeking to run it on thousands of PDFs. Developers of reference extraction tools are invited to provide their code either as standalone executables or as Python modules so that they can be integrated as additional pipeline options.
Offsets between X-ray and Radio Components in X-ray Jets: The AtlasX
Creators: name: Reddy, Karthik
name: Georganopoulos, Markos
name: Meyer, Eileen T.
name: Keenan, Mary
name: Kollman, Kassidy E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The X-ray emission mechanism of powerful extragalactic jets, which has important implications for their environmental impact, is poorly understood. The X-ray/radio positional offsets in individual features of jets provide important clues. Extending the previous work in Reddy et al. 2021, we present a detailed comparison between X-ray maps deconvolved using the Low Count Image Reconstruction and Analysis (LIRA) tool and radio maps of 164 components from 77 Chandra-detected X-ray jets. We detect 94 offsets (57%), with 58 new detections. In FR II-type jet knots, the X-rays peak and decay before the radio in about half the cases, disagreeing with the predictions of one-zone models. While a similar number of knots lack statistically significant offsets, we argue that projection and distance effects result in offsets below the detection level. Similar de-projected offsets imply that X-rays could be more compact than radio for most knots, and we qualitatively reproduce this finding with a "moving-knot" model. The bulk Lorentz factor derived for knots under this model is consistent with previous radio-based estimates, suggesting kpc-scale jets are only mildly relativistic. An analysis of X-ray/radio flux ratio distributions does not support the commonly invoked mechanism of X-ray production from inverse Compton scattering of the cosmic microwave background but does show a marginally significant trend of declining flux ratio as a function of distance from the core. Our results imply the need for multi-zone models to explain the X-ray emission from powerful jets. We provide an interactive list of our X-ray jet samples at http://astro.umbc.edu/Atlas-X.
Decomposition theorem and Riesz basis for axisymmetric potenials in the right hal-plane
Creators: name: Chaabi, Slah
name: Rigat, Stephane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Weinstein equation with complex coefficients is the equation governing generalized axisymmetric potentials (GASP) which can be written as $L_m[u]=Δu+\left(m/x\right)\partial_x u =0$, where $m\in\mathbb{C}$. We generalize results known for $m\in\mathbb{R}$ to $m\in\mathbb{C}$. We give explicit expressions of fundamental solutions for Weinstein operators and their estimates near singularities, then we prove a Green's formula for GASP in the right half-plane $\mathbb{H}^+$ for Re $m<1$. We establish a new decomposition theorem for the GASP in any annular domains for $m\in\mathbb{C}$, which is in fact a generalization of the Bôcher's decomposition theorem. In particular, using bipolar coordinates, we prove for annuli that a family of solutions for GASP equation in terms of associated Legendre functions of first and second kind is complete. For $m\in\mathbb{C}$, we show that this family is even a Riesz basis in some non-concentric circular annulus.
title: Das IPEN-Nummern-System in Samenkatalogen
Creators: name: Otterspeer, Iris Vera Angelika
Year: 2023

description: Der zunehmende Biodiversitätsverlust stellt die Gesellschaft, die Politik und die Wissenschaft vor große Herausforderungen. Um diesen Herausforderungen adäquat zu begegnen, wurden verschiedene politische Instrumente und völkerrechtliche Richtlinien entwickelt, darunter die Biodiversitätskonvention, die im Jahr 1993 in Kraft trat und derzeit 196 Vertragsparteien umfasst. Neben dem Schutz der Biodiversität und ihrer nachhaltigen Nutzung ist auch der gerechte Zugang zu genetischen Ressourcen und der daraus resultierende Vorteilsausgleich (Access and Benefit-Sharing, ABS) ein zentrales Ziel der Konvention, welches durch das Nagoya-Protokoll konkretisiert wurde. Ein Ziel, welches nicht nur politische Institutionen betrifft, sondern auch die Arbeit Botanischer Gärten der Vertragsländer. Botanische Gärten spielen eine zentrale Rolle im Naturschutz, sei es auf der Ebene der Wissenschaft, in der Umweltbildung oder durch den Erhalt von bedrohten Pflanzenarten. Vor allem der Austausch von pflanzlichen Materialien und das daraus gewonnen Wissen fällt unter die ABS-Bestimmungen der Biodiversitätskonvention bzw. des Nagoya-Protokolls. Um als Botanischer Garten den Anforderungen der Biodiversitätskonvention gerecht zu werden, wurde das IPEN (International Plant Exchange Network) gegründet, das Mechanismen und Regeln entwickelt hat, um einen transparenten und ABS-konformen Austausch von pflanzlichen Materialien zwischen den Botanischen Gärten zu ermöglichen. Ein zentrales Instrument des IPENs ist der Code of Conduct (Verhaltenskodex) sowie die IPEN-Nummer, die eine eindeutige Identifizierung von Pflanzenmaterialien ermöglicht. Der historisch gewachsene Samenaustausch anhand von Samenkatalogen zwischen Botanischen Gärten fällt unter die Regeln des Nagoya-Protokolls, daher stellt sich die Frage, wie das IPEN-Nummern-System in Samenkatalogen genutzt wird und ob sein volles Potenzial ausgeschöpft wird. Anhand einer eingehenden Analyse von Samenkatalogen, welche vom Botanischen Garten der Universität Wien im Jahr 2020 und 2021 erhalten wurden, wird die Frage geklärt, ob das Informationspotenzial des IPEN-Nummern-Systems genutzt wird und inwiefern das IPEN-Nummern-System dem Prädikat Best-Practice-Beispiel gerecht wird.
Detiding DART buoy data for real-time extraction of source coefficients for operational tsunami forecasting
Creators: name: Percival, Donald B.
name: Denbo, Donald W.
name: Eble, Marie C.
name: Gica, Edison
name: Huang, Paul Y.
name: Mofjeld, Harold O.
name: Spillane, Michael C.
name: Titov, Vasily V.
name: Tolkova, Elena I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: U.S. Tsunami Warning Centers use real-time bottom pressure (BP) data transmitted from a network of buoys deployed in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans to tune source coefficients of tsunami forecast models. For accurate coefficients and therefore forecasts, tides at the buoys must be accounted for. In this study, five methods for coefficient estimation are compared, each of which accounts for tides differently. The first three subtract off a tidal prediction based on (1) a localized harmonic analysis involving 29 days of data immediately preceding the tsunami event, (2) 68 pre-existing harmonic constituents specific to each buoy, and (3) an empirical orthogonal function fit to the previous 25 hrs of data. Method (4) is a Kalman smoother that uses method (1) as its input. These four methods estimate source coefficients after detiding. Method (5) estimates the coefficients simultaneously with a two-component harmonic model that accounts for the tides. The five methods are evaluated using archived data from eleven DART buoys, to which selected artificial tsunami signals are superimposed. These buoys represent a full range of observed tidal conditions and background BP noise in the Pacific and Atlantic, and the artificial signals have a variety of patterns and induce varying signal-to-noise ratios. The root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of least squares estimates of sources coefficients using varying amounts of data are used to compare the five detiding methods. The RMSE varies over two orders of magnitude between detiding methods, generally decreasing in the order listed, with method (5) yielding the most accurate estimate of source coefficient. The RMSE is substantially reduced by waiting for the first full wave of the tsunami signal to arrive. As a case study, the five method are compared using data recorded from the devastating 2011 Japan tsunami.
description: 20 pages; 3 tables; 15 figures
Crystallization kinetics of colloidal model suspensions: recent achievements and new perspectives
Creators: name: Palberg, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Colloidal model systems allow studying crystallization kinetics under fairly ideal conditions with rather well characterized pair interactions and minimized external influences. In complementary approaches therefore experiment, analytic theory and simulation have been employed to study colloidal solidification in great detail. These studies were based on advanced optical methods, careful system characterization and sophisticated numerical methods. Both the effects of the type, strength and range of the pair-interaction between the colloidal particles and those of the colloid-specific polydispersity were addressed in a quantitative way. Key parameters of crystallization were derived and compared to those of metal systems. These systematic investigations significantly contributed to an enhanced understanding of the crystallization processes in general. Further, new fundamental questions have arisen and (partially) been solved over the last decade including e.g. a two step nucleation mechanism in homogeneous nucleation, choice of the crystallization pathway or the subtle interplay of boundary conditions in heterogeneous nucleation. On the other side, via the application of both gradients and external fields the competition between different nucleation and growth modes can be controlled and the resulting micro-structure be influenced. The present review attempts an account of the interesting developments occurred since the turn of the millennium and an identification of important novel trends with particular focus on experimental aspects.
description: 23 pages; 2 figures, 394 references, submitted to J. Phys.: Condensed Matter on April 2. 2014
A Cosmological Fireball with Sixteen-Percent Gamma-Ray Radiative Efficiency
Creators: name: Li, Liang
name: Wang, Yu
name: Ryde, Felix
name: Pe'er, Asaf
name: Zhang, Bing
name: Guiriec, Sylvain
name: Castro-Tirado, Alberto J.
name: Kann, D. Alexander
name: Axelsson, Magnus
name: Page, Kim
name: Veres, Peter
name: Bhat, P. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful explosions in the universe. How efficiently the jet converts its energy to radiation is a long-standing problem and it is poorly constrained. The standard model invokes a relativistic fireball with a bright photosphere emission component. A definitive diagnosis of GRB radiation components and measurement of GRB radiative efficiency require prompt emission and afterglow data with high-resolution and wide-band coverage in time and energy. Here we report a comprehensive temporal and spectral analysis of the TeV-emitting bright GRB 190114C. Its fluence is one of the highest of all GRBs detected so far, which allows us to perform a high-resolution study of the prompt emission spectral properties and their temporal evolution down to a timescale of about 0.1 s. We observe that each of the initial pulses has a thermal component contributing $\sim20\%$ of the total energy, the corresponding temperature and the inferred Lorentz factor of the photosphere evolve following broken power-law shapes. From the observation of the non-thermal spectra and the light curve, the onset of afterglow corresponding to the deceleration of the fireball is considered at $\sim 6$~s. By incorporating the thermal and the non-thermal observations, as well as the photosphere and the synchrotron radiative mechanisms, we can directly derive the fireball energy budget with little dependence on hypothetical parameters and to measure a $\sim 16\%$ radiative efficiency for this GRB. With the fireball energy budget derived, the afterglow microphysics parameters can also be constrained directly from the data.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures (including 14 panels), 6 tables, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Linear Response Based Theories for Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interactions
Creators: name: Solovyev, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate abilities of various linear response based techniques for extracting parameters of antisymmetric Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions from the first-principles electronic structure calculations. For these purposes, we further elaborate the idea of Sandratskii [Phys. Rev. B 96, 024450 (2017)], which states that $z$ component of the DM vector can be computed by retaining only spin-diagonal part of the spin-orbit (SO) coupling. We start our analysis with the magnetic force theorem (MFT), which relies on additional approximations resulting in the linear dependence of the exchange interactions on the response tensor, and compare it with the exact approach formulated in terms of the inverse response. We propose the downfolding procedure transferring the effect of these ligand spins into parameters of effective interactions between the localized spins. These techniques are applied for the series of CrCl$_3$ and CrI$_3$ based materials, including bulk, monolayer, bilayer, and three-layer systems. Particularly, we discuss how the DM interactions are induced by the inversion symmetry breaking at the surface or by the electric field. As long as the SO interaction of the heavy ligand atoms is taken into account in the calculations of the response tensor between the Cr $3d$ states, the MFT appears to be a good approximation for the DM interactions, being in contrast with the isotropic exchange, for which MFT and the exact method provide quite a different description. Finally, we discuss the relevance of our approach to other techniques ever proposed for calculations of the DM interactions. Particularly, we argue that the spin-current model for the DM interactions can be derived from the MFT based expression and is the relativistic counterpart of the double exchange, occurring in metallic systems in the limit of infinite exchange splitting.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Measurement of the convective heat-transfer coefficient
Creators: name: Conti, Rosaria
name: Gallitto, Aurelio Agliolo
name: Fiordilino, Emilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an experiment for investigating how objects cool down toward the thermal equilibrium with its surrounding through convection. We describe the time dependence of the temperature difference of the cooling object and the environment with an exponential decay function. By measuring the thermal constant tau, we determine the convective heat-transfer coefficient, which is a characteristic constant of the convection system.
description: 8 pages, 2 embedded figures. Accepted for publication in The Physics Teacher
Economic evaluations of Speech and Language Therapy interventions: a scoping review
Creators: name: Shelley, Louise
name: Chugg, Grace
name: Harris, Catherine
name: Benedetto, Valerio
name: Clegg, Andrew
name: Kulkarni, Amit
name: Meteyard, Lotte
name: Hill, James
name: Moll, Deborah
name: Doherty, Alison J
name: Harrison, Joanna
name: Guthrie, Susan
name: Jones, Gemma
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: This is a protocol for a scoping review on the economic evaluation of speech and Language therapy interventions
Entanglement swapping and swapped entanglement
Creators: name: Zangi, S. M.
name: Shukla, Chitra
name: Rahman, Atta Ur
name: Zheng, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement swapping is gaining widespread attention due to its application in entanglement distribution among different parts of quantum appliances. We investigate the entanglement swapping for pure and noisy systems, and argue different entanglement quantifiers for quantum states. We explore the relationship between the entanglement of initial states and the average entanglement of final states in terms of concurrence and negativity. We find that if initial quantum states are maximally entangled and we make measurements in the Bell basis, then average concurrence and average negativity of final states give similar results. In this case, we simply obtain the average concurrence (average negativity) of the final states by taking the product of concurrences (negativities) of the initial states. However, the measurement in non-maximally entangled basis during entanglement swapping degrades the average swapped entanglement. Further, the product of the entanglement of the initial mixed states provides an upper bound to the average swapped entanglement of final states obtained after entanglement swapping. The average concurrence of finally obtained states provides an upper bound to the average negativity of these states. We also discuss how successfully the output state can be used as a channel for the teleportation of an unknown qubit.
Infinite Statistics Condensate as a Model of Dark Matter
Creators: name: Ebadi, Zahra
name: Mirza, Behrouz
name: Mohammadzadeh, Hosein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In some models, dark matter is considered as a condensate bosonic system. In this paper, we prove that condensation is also possible for particles that obey infinite statistics and derive the critical condensation temperature. We argue that a condensed state of a gas of very weakly interacting particles obeying infinite statistics could be considered as a consistent model of dark matter.
description: 1 figure
Scattering of neutrinos by a rotating black hole accounting for the electroweak interaction with an accretion disk
Creators: name: Dvornikov, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study spin effects in the neutrino gravitational scattering by a supermassive black hole with a magnetized accretion disk having a finite thickness. We exactly describe the propagation of ultrarelativistic neutrinos on null geodesics and solve the spin precession equation along each neutrino trajectory. The interaction of neutrinos with the magnetic field is owing to the nonzero diagonal magnetic moment. Additionally, neutrinos interact with plasma of the accretion disk electroweakly within the Fermi approximation. These interactions are obtained to change the polarization of incoming neutrinos, which are left particles. The fluxes of scattered neutrinos, proportional to the survival probability of spin oscillations, are derived for various parameters of the system. In particular, we are focused on the matter influence on the outgoing neutrinos flux. The possibility to observe the predicted effects for astrophysical neutrinos is briefly discussed.
description: 14 pages in World Scientific LaTeX style, 14 eps figures; minimal changes, version to be published in special issue of Int.J.Mod.Phys.D
Determination of the cross-field density structuring in coronal waveguides using the damping of transverse waves
Creators: name: Arregui, I.
name: Ramos, A. Asensio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time and spatial damping of transverse magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) kink oscillations is a source of information on the cross-field variation of the plasma density in coronal waveguides. We show that a probabilistic approach to the problem of determining the density structuring from the observed damping of transverse oscillations enables us to obtain information on the two parameters that characterise the cross-field density profile. The inference is performed by computing the marginal posterior distributions for density contrast and transverse inhomo- geneity length-scale using Bayesian analysis and damping ratios for transverse oscillations under the assumption that damping is produced by resonant absorption. The obtained distributions show that, for damping times of a few oscillatory periods, low density contrasts and short inho- mogeneity length scales are more plausible in explaining observations. This means that valuable information on the cross-field density profile can be obtained even if the inversion problem, with two unknowns and one observable, is a mathematically ill-posed problem.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted
Site Assessment and Layout Optimization for Rooftop Solar Energy Generation in Worldview-3 Imagery
Creators: name: Awwad, Zeyad
name: Alharbi, Abdulaziz
name: Habib, Abdulelah H.
name: de Weck, Olivier L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the growth of residential rooftop PV adoption in recent decades, the problem of effective layout design has become increasingly important in recent years. Although a number of automated methods have been introduced, these tend to rely on simplifying assumptions and heuristics to improve computational tractability. We demonstrate a fully automated layout design pipeline that attempts to solve a more general formulation with greater geometric flexibility that accounts for shading losses. Our approach generates rooftop areas from satellite imagery and uses MINLP optimization to select panel positions, azimuth angles and tilt angles on an individual basis rather than imposing any predefined layouts. Our results demonstrate that shading plays a critical role in automated rooftop PV optimization and significantly changes the resulting layouts. Additionally, they suggest that, although several common heuristics are often effective, they may not be universally suitable due to complications resulting from geometric restrictions and shading losses. Finally, we evaluate a few specific heuristics from the literature and propose a potential new rule of thumb that may help improve rooftop solar energy potential when shading effects are considered.
description: Final draft
Recognition and management of ICU delirium after cardiac surgery: a scoping review
Creators: name: Farlie, Melanie
name: Morley, Peter
name: Heriot, George
name: Williams, Fiona
name: Kiegaldie, Debra
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Medical Specialties
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Gerontology
subject: Surgery
subject: cardiac surgery
subject: delirium
subject: ICU
subject: Scoping Review

description: The incidence of delirium in the ICU population post cardiac surgery is common, and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, increased hospital costs and negative impacts on patient experience. ICU delirium is likely preventable in most cases and while there is a plethora of protocols for recognition and management of ICU delirium post-surgery, their nature is diverse and there are no established clinical guidelines. Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of methods reported for 1) recognition of ICU delirium in the cardiac surgery population and 2) management of ICU delirium post cardiac surgery requiring by-pass. Inclusion criteria: This review will use the PCC framework to define inclusion criteria. The population will be patients’ post-cardiac surgery requiring bypass, the context will be the intensive care unit setting and the concepts will be recognition and management of ICU delirium. Methods: Searches will be conducted in PubMed and Ovid Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL limited to articles available in English and published from 2010. Records will be screened and data extracted in duplicate, data will be charted and synthesised using content analysis to categorise delirium recognition and management methods. Evidence of effectiveness will be synthesised descriptively.
Canonical Agler Decompositions and Transfer Function Realizations
Creators: name: Bickel, Kelly
name: Knese, Greg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47B32, 47A57, 47A40, 93C35, 46E22

description: A seminal result of Agler proves that the natural de Branges-Rovnyak kernel function associated to a bounded analytic function on the bidisk can be decomposed into two shift-invariant pieces. Agler's decomposition is non-constructive-a problem remedied by work of Ball-Sadosky-Vinnikov, which uses scattering systems to produce Agler decompositions through concrete Hilbert space geometry. This method, while constructive, so far has not revealed the rich structure shown to be present for special classes of functions-inner and rational inner functions. In this paper, we show that most of the important structure present in these special cases extends to general bounded analytic functions. We give characterizations of all Agler decompositions, we prove the existence of coisometric transfer function realizations with natural state spaces, and we characterize when Schur functions on the bidisk possess analytic extensions past the boundary in terms of associated Hilbert spaces.
description: 40 pages
Unusual behavior in the first excited state lifetime of catechol
Creators: name: Weiler, Martin
name: Miyazaki, Mitsuhiko
name: Féraud, Géraldine
name: Ishiuchi, Shun-Ichi
name: Dedonder, Claude
name: Jouvet, Christophe
name: Fujii, Masaaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We are presenting vibrationally selective pump-probe measurements of the first electronic excited-state (pp*) lifetime of jet-cooled neutral catechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene). The lifetime of the 0-0 transition is very short (7 ps) as rationalized by the small pp*/psigma* gap calculated. However the lifetimes implying higher out-of-plane vibrational levels are longer (~11 ps). This emphasizes the role of the out-of-plane vibration in the pp*/psigma* coupling not only in its nature but also in the number of quanta
title: Infektionsraten über eindimensionale zelluläre Automaten im Mathematikunterricht
Creators: name: Glock, Julia
Year: 2023

description: Inwiefern in Zeiten starker medialer Kritik das Image des Unterrichtsfaches Mathematik und das Interesse daran gesteigert werden können, stellt aktuell eine wichtige gesellschaftliche Frage dar. Diese beruht darauf, dass Mathematik als wichtige Schlüsseltechnologie im digitalen Zeitalter immer relevanter wird. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es daher empirisch zu untersuchen, wie sich der Einsatz von Modellierungen und Simulationen zu Infektionsraten über eindimensionale zelluläre Automaten im Mathematikunterricht auf das Interesse bzw. Nicht-Interesse von Schüler*innen auswirkt. Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage wurde ein empirisches Forschungsprojekt geplant und durchgeführt. Es beinhaltet ein vierstündiges, interessenförderliches Unterrichtskonzept und eine detaillierte Ausarbeitung der zugrundeliegenden Modellierung und Simulation sowie eine Implementierung in Microsoft Excel. Die Umsetzung erfolgte in fünf Schulklassen aus Wien, Niederösterreich und Oberösterreich über einen Zeitraum von ca. zwei Wochen. Begleitend wurde eine prae- und postaktionale Fragebogenerhebung zur Interessenentwicklung durchgeführt. Neben der quantitativen Auswertung liegt eine qualitative Einschätzung individueller Entwicklungen im Fokus der Forschung. Es konnte im Zuge des Projektes eine Abnahme des Nicht-Interesses am Fach Mathematik nachgewiesen werden. Vereinzelt wurde auch situatives Interesse und beginnendes individuelles Interesse am Unterrichtsfach geweckt. Vor allem die Unterrichtsbeobachtungen zeigen eine Interessiertheit und hohe Motivation am Simulieren und Arbeiten mit dem Laptop, während das verwendete Programm Microsoft Excel eher wenig Interesse ausgelöst hat. Zugrundeliegende biologische Themen wie Gesundheit und Infektionskrankheiten ergaben sehr hohe Werte des Interesses, vor allem informatikinteressierte Schüler*innen zeigten große Begeisterung am Projektthema. Das hohe Interesse am Arbeiten mit naturwissenschaftlichen Themen und Simulieren, sowie das positive Feedback zu den Projektstunden bestätigt, dass eine weitere Auseinandersetzung mit Themen angewandter Mathematik im Unterricht im Forschungsinteresse stehen sollte.
Analytical solutions for quantum walks on 1D chain with different shift operators
Creators: name: Xu, Xin-Ping
name: Zhang, Xiao-Kun
name: Ide, Yusuke
name: Konno, Norio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the discrete-time quantum walks on 1D Chain with the moving and swapping shift operators. We derive analytical solutions for the eigenvalues and eigenstates of the evolution operator $\hat{U}$ using the Chebyshev polynomial technique, and calculate the long-time averaged probabilities for the two different shift operators respectively. It is found that the probability distributions for the moving and swapping shift operators display completely different characteristics. For the moving shift operator, the probability distribution exhibits high symmetry where the probabilities at mirror positions are equal. The probabilities are inversely proportional to the system size $N$ and approach to zero as $N\rightarrow \infty$. On the contrary, for the swapping shift operator, the probability distribution is not symmetric, the probability distribution approaches to a power-law stationary distribution as $N\rightarrow \infty$ under certain coin parameter condition. We show that such power-law stationary distribution is determined by the eigenstates of the eigenvalues $\pm1$ and calculate the intrinsic probability for different starting positions. Our findings suggest that the eigenstates corresponding to eigenvalues $\pm1$ play an important role for the swapping shift operator.
description: 12 pages, submitted for publication in Annals of Physics