Cincticostella braaschi Jacobus & McCafferty 2008
Creators: name: Martynov, Alexander V.
name: Selvakumar, C.
name: Subramanian, K. A.
name: Sivaramakrishnan, K. G.
name: Chandra, Kailash
name: Palatov, Dmitry M.
name: Sinha, Bikramjit
name: Jacobus, Luke M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Ephemeroptera
Ephemerellidae
Cincticostella
Cincticostella braaschi

description: Cincticostella braaschi Jacobus & McCafferty, 2008
(Figs 74–111)
Ephemerella serrata Braasch, 1981, preoccupied name (nec Ephemerella serrata Morgan, 1911)
Larva. Late instar: body length 6.0– 6.5 mm. Caudal filaments 4.0– 4.5 mm. Body yellowish-brown. All body surfaces, labrum, mandibles, labium and gills densely covered with large scales sockets and small scales in some sockets (Figs 74–81, 84–86, 94–96, 100–103).
Head: With ridges and two pairs of small, blunt protuberances; genae not expanded (Figs 74, 90). Mouthparts: Labrum with shallow anteromedian emargination (Figs 81, 96); anterior margin with numerous feathered and hairlike setae; dorsal surface and anterolateral angles densely covered with long, hair-like setae; ventral surface with numerous, long, stout, hair-like setae. Mandibles with numerous, long, hair-like setae on dorsal and lateral surfaces. Left mandible with outer incisor consisting of three distinct denticles (outer denticle longer than others) and one small, blunt denticle; inner incisor with two distinct central denticles and one small, blunt lateral denticle (Figs 80, 95); prostheca consisting of protuberance with bunch of hair-like setae. Right mandible with outer incisor consisting of three distinct denticles and one small, blunt denticle; inner incisor bifurcate; prostheca apparently consisting of bunch of long, hair-like setae; row of 8–10 long, stout, hair-like setae below molar area (Figs 79, 94). Rounded apexes of superlinguae densely covered with long, stout, hair-like setae; dorsal and ventral surfaces of lingua with hair-like and fine setae, mainly in apical part (Fig. 97). Rows of several, short, stout setae on lingua surface near base. Maxilla with two dentisetae with serrate inner margins. Apex and distal part of maxilla surfaces with numerous, long, stout, hair-like setae, some with inner margins serrated; galea-lacinia with row of long, stout, hair-like setae on inner margin; group of 8 long, feathered, stout setae on surface near base (Figs 83, 99). Maxillary palp 3-segmented (Figs 82, 98); articulations between segments II and III sometimes weakly developed (Fig. 98); segment I slightly broader than others; segment III very short and rounded apically; segments I and II with long, hair-like setae, but most present on distal portion of segment II. Labium with rounded glossae; apexes of paraglossae and glosae with numerous long, stout, hair-like on dorsal surface (Figs 84, 100). Inner margins of paraglossae subparallel to longitudinal axis of body, held tightly against glossae. Ventral surfaces of mentum and submentun covered with fine and hair-like setae. Labial palp segment I length subequal to length of segment II; segments I and II with hair-like setae and with long, spine-like setae on all surfaces; segment III much thinner than other segments and rounded apically, with fine setae.
Thorax: Dorsal surface with various irregular ridges and tubercles. Pronotum expanded laterally, anterolateral angles with projections directed forward (Figs 76–78, 92, 93). Mesonotum with anterolateral projections broad and somewhat rounded, not subparallel to lateral aspect of body, and not notched (Figs 75, 76, 89, 91); pair of longitudinal ridges and blunt posterior projections present between forewing pads (Fig. 89).
All femora moderately flattened, especially those of middle and hindlegs, and with longitudinal ridges on dorsal surfaces. Inner margins of femora without serration, but densely covered with numerous, hair-like setae. Femora longer than tibiae, and tibiae longer than tarsi. Outer margin of forefemur with 1–3 small chalazae, numerous hair-like setae and few pointed or apically rounded, stout setae (Figs 85, 101). Dorsal surface of forefemur with long, hair-like setae and several elongated, stout setae with pointed or rounded apexes (Figs 85, 101, 104); stout setae sometimes situated on chalazae. Dorsal surface of fore tibia with hair-like setae (solitary and in bunches) and short row of spine-like setae. Outer margin and surface of fore tibia with hair-like setae (solitary and in bunches). Inner margin of fore tibia with long, thin, hair-like setae and sparse row of spine-like setae and elongated, stout, hair-like setae; distal end of margin with group of elongated, feathered, stout setae. Inner margins of fore tarsal segments scattered with both fine and stout, hair-like setae, and with relatively dense row of stout, hair-like setae, spine-like setae and feathered, stout setae. Outer margin of midfemur with shallow serration; outer margin of hindfemur moderately serrate, with hair-like setae and variously shaped, stout setae (Figs 86, 102, 103). Outer margin of midfemur without apical projection; hindfemur with distinct projection (Figs 86, 102, 103). Inner and outer margins of mid- and hind tibiae with rows of long, thin, hair-like setae (solitary and in bunches), elongate spine-like setae, and long, stout, hair-like setae; setae largest on hind tibia. Outer margins of mid- and hind tarsi with sparse middle-sized, hair-like setae (solitary and in bunches); inner margins of these tarsi with relatively dense rows of long, stout, hair-like setae and spine-like setae.
Tarsal claw with 3–5 denticles and up to 5 subapical setae (Figs 105, 106).
Abdomen: Pairs of projections present on terga II–X; those on terga II, III, IV and X relatively small; those on terga V–IX stout, variously blunt or pointed; tergal projections on tergum VIII most abruptly divergent (Figs 87, 107), especially on material from India. Paired projections on terga V–VIII sometimes apparently bifurcate, especially on material from Nepal (Figs 87, 88). Gill III without medial transverse band of weakened membrane; dorsal lamellae of gills III–V similar in shape. Gill VI much smaller than gills III–V; gill VII very small and wholly covered by gill VI (Figs 108–111). Caudal filaments with sharply pointed, stout setae at articulations.
Adults. Unknown.
Diagnosis. This species appears to be closely related to C. bifurcata. Cincticostella braaschi can be distinguished from all known representatives of the C. insolta complex by the following combination of characters: (i) genae moderately developed (Figs 74, 90); (ii) anterolateral angles of pronotum with projections directed forward (Figs 76–78, 89, 92, 93); (iii) anterolateral projections of mesothorax rounded and not notched (Figs 75, 76, 89, 91); (iv) mid- and hindfemora moderately flattened; (v) outer margin of midfemur with shallow serration and outer margin of hindfemur moderately serrate (Figs 86, 102, 103); (vi) inner margins of all femora without serration and chalazae (Figs 85, 86, 101–103); (vii) outer margin of midfemur without apical projection (Fig. 102); (viii) abdominal tergal paired projections V–IX blunt or pointed (Figs 87, 107); such projections on terga V–VIII sometimes bifurcated apically (Fig. 88), especially on material from Nepal; (ix) tarsal claw with 3–5 denticles (Figs 105, 106).
Distribution. Nepal (Braasch 1981) and India (new data) (Fig. 153).
Habitat. Cold, fast flowing streams with cobbles and gravel.
Remarks. Cincticostella braaschi is redescribed here based on the holotype from Nepal and additional specimens from India, because the larva was only briefly treated in its initial description by Braasch (1981) (as Ephemerella serrata). Our material represents the first records from India.
The slide of the holotype has only two pairs of legs (Figs 85, 86). One of these was illustrated partially by Braasch (fig. 2 in Braasch 1981: 86) and apparently erroneously labeled as the midfemur. This figure (with modifications) was reproduced in Xie et al. (2009: 60, fig. 28). Investigation of intact C. braaschi specimens from India (Fig. 103) showed that Braasch (1981) must have illustrated the hind femur. The outer margin of the middle femur has shallow serration (Fig. 102), in contrast to the strong serration of the hind femur (Figs 86, 103). Also the outer margin of the middle femur is without any apical projection (Fig. 102), in contrast to the hind femur, which has a distinct apical projection (Figs 86, 103).
The holotype from Nepal has bifurcation notches on the paired projections of terga V–VIII (Fig. 88), but these notches are apparently absent from specimens collected in India.
Type material examined. NEPAL: Holotype: larva on slide, Himalaya, Trisuli Khola, before Dhunche, h ~ 1950 m a.s.l., 30.iv.1978, leg. I. Sivec— SMNS, Stuttgart, Germany.
Other material examined. INDIA: 6 larvae, Arunachal Pradesh, Lower Subansiri District, Talle Valley, 27.537201 N, 93.959883 E, h ~ 2370 m a.s.l., 14-IV-2015, K.A. Subramanian— Reg. No. 5574/H13.
description: Published as part of Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit & Jacobus, Luke M., 2019, Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal, pp. 147-179 in Zootaxa 4551 (2) on pages 163-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2622700