cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
In vivo retroviral gene transfer into human bronchial epithelia of xenografts.
Creators: name: Yankaskas, J R
name: Wilson, J M
name: Engelhardt, J F
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal inherited disease in the Caucasian population with an incidence of approximately 1 in 2,500 live births. Pulmonary complications of CF, which are the most morbid aspects of the disease, are caused by primary abnormalities in epithelial cells that lead to impaired mucociliary clearance. One potential therapeutic strategy is to reconstitute expression of the CF gene in airway epithelia by somatic gene transfer. To this end, we have developed an animal model of the human airway using bronchial xenografts and have tested the efficiency of in vivo retroviral gene transfer. Using the LacZ reporter gene, we find the efficiency of in vivo retroviral gene transfer to be dramatically dependent on the regenerative and mitotic state of the epithelium. Within an undifferentiated regenerating epithelium in which 40% of nuclei labeled with BrdU, 5-10% retroviral gene transfer was obtained. In contrast, no gene transfer was noted in a fully differentiated epithelium in which 1% of nuclei labeled with BrdU. These findings suggest that retroviral mediated gene transfer to the airway in vivo may be feasible if the proper regenerative state can be induced.
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 6 (108 b)]
Creators: name: Albertinus
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1443
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Albertinus, Sohn des verstorbenen Johannes de Strofagno, aus Momo bestätigt, von Antonius, Sohn des verstorbenen Gaudentius, Geld für den Verkauf von Land, gelegen auf dem Gebiet von Momo an einem Ort, genannt ad Brelium, erhalten zu haben.
Extreme problems of circle packings on a sphere and irreducible contact graphs
Creators: name: Musin, Oleg R.
name: Tarasov, Alexey S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recently, we enumerate up to isometry, all locally rigid circle packings on the unit sphere with number of circles N<12. This problem is equivalent to the enumeration of irreducible contact graphs. In this paper we show that by using the list of irreducible graphs can solve various problems of extreme packings such as the Tammes problem for the sphere and the projective plane, the maximal contacts problem, Danzer's and other problems on irreducible contact graphs.
description: 21 pages, 86 figures, in Russian
Arbeitspapier «Bedürfnisgerechtes Wohnen auf weniger Fläche»
Creators: name: Scheidegger, Alexander
name: Kytzia, Susanne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Wohnungsnot
Wohnungsbestand
Wohnflächenverbrauch
Schweiz

description: In drei Jahren fehlen in der Schweiz mehr als 50'000 Wohnungen (NZZ Ende Februar 2023). Dieses Thema beschäftigt Politik und Medien gleichermassen. «Mehr Wohnungsbau!» lautet die offensichtliche Lösung. Dabei wird übersehen, dass wir den Wohnungsbestand heute nicht effizient nutzen – mit sinkender Tendenz. Dieser Trend könnte gebrochen werden, indem Haushalte ihre Wohnsituation zukünftig leichter an veränderte Lebenssituationen anpassen können. Wie kann die öffentliche Hand zusammen mit Akteuren im Wohnungsmarkt geeignete Voraussetzungen dafür schaffen? Welche Politiken von Bund, Kantonen und Gemeinden, aber auch Wohnimmobilienbesitzern und -verwaltern unterstützen eine effizientere Nutzung des Wohnungsbestands und wie wirken sie zusammen? Was braucht es, damit erhöhte Wohnmobilität zu einer Reduktion des individuellen Wohnflächenverbrauchs führt? Diese Fragen haben Vertreterinnen und Vertreter von institutionellen Wohnungseigentümern, von Bund und Gemeinden, Beratungs- und Nichtregierungsorganisationen sowie der Forschung an einem Workshops diskutiert, der Mitte März 2023 im Rahmen des Nationalen Forschungsprogramms «Nachhaltige Wirtschaft» in Zürich stattgefunden hat. In diesem Beitrag werden die Grundlagen der Diskussion sowie ihre Ergebnisse zusammengefasst.
A Systematic Error in the Internal Friction Measurement of Coatings for Gravitational Waves Detectors
Creators: name: Amato, Alex
name: Lumaca, Diana
name: Cesarini, Elisabetta
name: Granata, Massimo
name: Lemaître, Anaël
name: Lorenzini, Matteo
name: Malhaire, Christophe
name: Michel, Christophe
name: Piergiovanni, Francesco
name: Pinard, Laurent
name: Shcheblanov, Nikita
name: Cagnoli, Gianpietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low internal friction coatings are key components of advanced technologies such as optical atomic clocks and high-finesse optical cavity and often lie at the forefront of the most advanced experiments in Physics. Notably, increasing the sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors depends in a very large part on developing new coatings, which entails developing more suitable methods and models to investigate their loss angle. In fact, the most sensitive region of the detection band in such detectors is limited by the coating thermal noise, which is related to the loss angle of the coating. Until now, models which describe only ideal physical properties have been adopted, wondering about the use of one or more loss angles to describe the mechanical properties of coatings. Here we show the presence of a systematic error ascribed to inhomogeneity of the sample at its edges in measuring the coating loss angle. We present a model for disk-shaped resonators, largely used in loss angle measurements, and we compare the theory with measurements showing how this systematic error impacts on the accuracy with which the loss model parameters are known.
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in normal and psoriatic epidermis.
Creators: name: Chan, L S
name: Haskill, J S
name: Voorhees, J J
name: Fisher, G J
name: Cooper, K D
name: Hammerberg, C
name: Arend, W P
name: Berger, A E
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: The objective of these studies was to characterize the IL-1 inhibitory activity present in normal and psoriatic epidermis from clinically stable lesions. Fractionation of normal epidermal cytosol on a molecular sizing column failed to reveal the presence of IL-1 inhibitory bioactivity. However, specific ELISAs indicated that both the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and IL-1 alpha were present in overlapping peaks. Further fractionation of the normal epidermal cytosol by anion exchange chromatography separated these two molecules, revealing the IL-1 inhibitory bioactivity of the IL-1ra molecule. Similar studies on psoriatic epidermal cytosol indicated the presence of IL-1 inhibitory bioactivity and IL-1ra protein. The IL-1 inhibitory bioactivity of both normal and psoriatic cytosol was neutralized by a mAb specific for IL-1ra. The ratio of IL-1ra to IL-1 alpha proteins was significantly increased in involved psoriatic skin compared with normal skin. By Western blot analysis this IL-1ra was approximately 20 kD, slightly larger than monocyte-derived IL-1ra and equivalent to an intracellular variant of IL-1ra expressed by keratinocytes. Polymerase chain reaction indicated the presence of mRNA for both forms of IL-1ra in normal epidermis, with both forms increased in psoriatic-involved skin. Immunofluorescence studies revealed the IL-1ra protein to be concentrated in the stratum granulosum of normal skin and in the basal-midbasal layers of psoriatic epidermis. These results suggest that the balance between intracellular IL-1ra and IL-1 alpha may be an important influence on keratinocyte growth and/or differentiation, as well as on the inflammatory potential of IL-1 in injured skin.
Collective neutrino oscillations accounting for neutrino quantum decoherence
Creators: name: Stankevich, Konstantin
name: Studenikin, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In our previous studies (see [1] and references therein) we developed a new theoretical framework that enabled one to consider a new mechanism of neutrino quantum decoherence engendered by the neutrino radiative decay. In parallel, another framework was developed (see [2] and references therein) for the description of the neutrino quantum decoherence due to the non-forward neutrino scattering processes. Both mechanisms are described by the master equations in the Lindblad form. We study the influence of the neutrino quantum decoherence on collective neutrino oscillations. In the present studies we are are not interested in a specific mechanism of neutrino quantum decoherence. Therefore, we use the general Lindblad master equation for the description of the neutrino quantum decoherence and do not fix an analytical expressions for the decoherence and relaxation parameters.
description: 3 pages in LaTex, based on the presentation at the 40th International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP 2020), 28 July - 6 August 2020, Prague, Czech Republic
Hybrid Symmetry Breaking in Classical Spin Models With Subsystem Symmetries
Creators: name: Canossa, Giovanni
name: Pollet, Lode
name: Liu, Ke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate two concrete cases of phase transitions breaking a subsystem symmetry. The models are two classical compass models featuring line-flip and plane-flip symmetries and correspond to special limits of a Heisenberg-Kitaev Hamiltonian on a cubic lattice. We show that these models experience a hybrid symmetry breaking by which the system display distinct symmetry broken patterns in different submanifolds. For instance, the system may look magnetic within a chain or plane but nematic-like when observing from one dimensionality higher. We fully characterize the symmetry-broken phases by a set of subdimensional order parameters and confirm numerically both cases undergo a non-standard first-order phase transition. Our results provide new insights into phase transitions involving subsystem symmetries and generalize the notion of conventional spontaneous symmetry breaking.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Molecular basis of fibrinogen Naples associated with defective thrombin binding and thrombophilia. Homozygous substitution of B beta 68 Ala----Thr.
Creators: name: Lord, S T
name: Koopman, J
name: Haverkate, F
name: Mannucci, P M
name: Grimbergen, J
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: In an abnormal fibrinogen (fibrinogen Naples) associated with congenital thrombophilia we have identified a single base substitution (G----A) in the B beta chain gene that results in an amino acid substitution of alanine by threonine at position 68 in the B beta chain of fibrinogen. The propositus and two siblings were found to be homozygous for the mutation, whereas the parents and another sibling were found to be heterozygous. Individuals homozygous for the defect had a severe history of both arterial and venous thrombosis; heterozygous individuals had no clinical symptoms. The three homozygotes had a prolonged thrombin clotting time in plasma, whereas the heterozygotes had a normal thrombin clotting time. Fibrinopeptide A and B (FpA and FpB) release from purified fibrinogen by human alpha-thrombin was delayed in both the homozygous propositus and a heterozygous family member. Release of FpA from the normal and abnormal amino-terminal disulfide knot (NDSK) corresponded to that found with the intact fibrinogens, indicating a decreased interaction of thrombin with the NDSK part of fibrinogen Naples. Binding studies showed that fibrin from homozygous abnormal fibrinogen bound less than 10% of active site inhibited alpha-thrombin as compared with normal fibrin, while fibrin formed from heterozygous abnormal fibrinogen bound approximately 50% of alpha-thrombin. These results suggest that the mutation of B beta Ala 68----Thr affects the binding of alpha-thrombin to fibrin, and that defective binding results in a decreased release of FpA and FpB in both homozygous and heterozygous abnormal fibrinogens.
Mixing in chaotic flows with swimming bacteria
Creators: name: Ran, Ranjiangshang
name: Brosseau, Quentin
name: Blackwell, Brendan C.
name: Qin, Boyang
name: Winter, Rebecca L.
name: Arratia, Paulo E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a manuscript accepted for publication on Physical Review Fluids, Gallery of Fluid Motion special issue. The manuscript is associated with a poster winner of the 39th Annual Gallery of Fluid Motion Award, for work presented at the 74th Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics (Phoenix, AZ, USA 2021).
description: This is a manuscript accepted for publication on Physical Review Fluids, Gallery of Fluid Motion special issue
Room-temperature bipolar valleytronic transistor in MoS2/WSe2 heterostructures
Creators: name: Jiang, Chongyun
name: Rasmita, Abdullah
name: Ma, Hui
name: Tan, Qinghai
name: Huang, Zumeng
name: Lai, Shen
name: Liu, Sheng
name: Liu, Xue
name: Xiong, Qihua
name: Gao, Wei-bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Valley degree of freedom in the 2D semiconductor is a promising platform for the next generation optoelectronics. Electrons in different valleys can have opposite Berry curvature, leading to the valley Hall effect (VHE). However, VHE without the plasmonic structure's assistance has only been reported in cryogenic temperature, limiting its practical application. Here, we report the observation of VHE at room temperature in the MoS2/WSe2 heterostructures. We also uncover that both the magnitude and the polarity of the VHE in the 2D heterostructure is gate tunable. We attribute this to the opposite VHE contribution from the electron and hole in different layers. These results indicate the bipolar transport nature of our valleytronic transistor. Utilizing this gate tunability, we demonstrate a bipolar valleytronic transistor. Our results can be used to improve the ON/OFF ratio of the valleytronic transistor and to realize more versatile valleytronics logic circuits.
description: 34 pages, 16 figures
Quantum Monge-Kantorovich problem and transport distance between density matrices
Creators: name: Friedland, Shmuel
name: Eckstein, Michał
name: Cole, Sam
name: Życzkowski, Karol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81P40, 90C22, 15A69

description: A quantum version of the Monge--Kantorovich optimal transport problem is analyzed. The transport cost is minimized over the set of all bipartite coupling states $ρ^{AB}$, such that both of its reduced density matrices $ρ^A$ and $ρ^B$ of dimension $N$ are fixed. We show that, selecting the quantum cost matrix to be proportional to the projector on the antisymmetric subspace, the minimal transport cost leads to a semidistance between $ρ^A$ and $ρ^B$, which is bounded from below by the rescaled Bures distance and from above by the root infidelity. In the single qubit case we provide a semi-analytic expression for the optimal transport cost between any two states and prove that its square root satisfies the triangle inequality and yields an analogue of the Wasserstein distance of order two on the set of density matrices. We introduce an associated measure of proximity of quantum states, called SWAP-fidelity, and discuss its properties and applications in quantum machine learning.
description: 15 pages including appendices, 4 figures. Version v2 includes a new quantity, SWAP-fidelity, and some applications
Tunable valley and spin splittings in $\rm VSi_2N_4$ bilayer
Creators: name: Liang, Li
name: Yang, Ying
name: Wang, Xiaohui
name: Li, Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The control and manipulation of the valley and spin degrees of freedom have received great interests in fundamental studies and advanced information technologies. Compared with magnetic means, it is highly desirable to realize more energy-efficient electric control of valley and spin. Using the first-principles calculations, we demonstrate tunable valley and spin degeneracy splittings in $\rm VSi_2N_4$ bilayers, with the aid of the layered structure and associated electric control. Depending on different interlayer magnetic couplings and stacking orders, the $\rm VSi_2N_4$ bilayers exhibit a variety of combinations of valley and spin degeneracies. Under the action of a vertical electric field, the degeneracy splittings become highly tunable for both the sign and magnitude. As a result, a series of anomalous Hall currents can be selectively realized with varied indices of valley and spin. These intriguing features offer a practical way for designing energy-efficient devices based on the couplings between multiple electronic degrees of freedom.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
The Luminosities of the Coldest Brown Dwarfs
Creators: name: Tinney, C. G.
name: Faherty, Jacqueline K.
name: Kirkpatrick, J. Davy
name: Cushing, Mike
name: Morley, Caroline V.
name: Wright, Edward L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years brown dwarfs have been extended to a new Y-dwarf class with effective temperatures colder than 500K and masses in the range 5-30 Jupiter masses. They fill a crucial gap in observable atmospheric properties between the much colder gas-giant planets of our own Solar System (at around 130K) and both hotter T-type brown dwarfs and the hotter planets that can be imaged orbiting young nearby stars (both with effective temperatures of in the range 1500-1000K). Distance measurements for these objects deliver absolute magnitudes that make critical tests of our understanding of very cool atmospheres. Here we report new distances for nine Y dwarfs and seven very-late T dwarfs. These reveal that Y dwarfs do indeed represent a continuation of the T dwarf sequence to both fainter luminosities and cooler temperatures. They also show that the coolest objects display a large range in absolute magnitude for a given photometric colour. The latest atmospheric models show good agreement with the majority of these Y dwarf absolute magnitudes. This is also the case for WISE0855-0714 the coldest and closest brown dwarf to the Sun, which shows evidence for water ice clouds. However, there are also some outstanding exceptions, which suggest either binarity or the presence of condensate clouds. The former is readily testable with current adaptive optics facilities. The latter would mean that the range of cloudiness in Y dwarfs is substantial with most hosting almost no clouds -- while others have dense clouds making them prime targets for future variability observations to study cloud dynamics.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal (Oct 2, 2014). 13 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables
Morphogen gradient formation in partially absorbing media
Creators: name: Bressloff, Paul C
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Morphogen gradients play an essential role in the spatial regulation of cell patterning during early development. The classical mechanism of morphogen gradient formation involves the diffusion of morphogens away from a localized source combined with some form of bulk absorption. Morphogen gradient formation plays a crucial role during early development, whereby a spatially varying concentration of morphogen protein drives a corresponding spatial variation in gene expression during embryogenesis. In most models, the absorption rate is taken to be a constant multiple of the local concentration. In this paper, we explore a more general class of diffusion-based model in which absorption is formulated probabilistically in terms of a stopping time condition. Absorption of each particle occurs when its time spent within the bulk domain (occupation time) exceeds a randomly distributed threshold $a$; the classical model with a constant rate of absorption is recovered by taking the threshold distribution $Ψ(a)=\e^{-κ_0 a}$. We explore how the choice of $Ψ(a)$ affects the steady-state concentration gradient, and the relaxation to steady-state as determined by the accumulation time. In particular, we show that the more general model can generate similar concentration profiles to the classical case, while significantly reducing the accumulation time.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 4 (42)]
Creators: name: Torre, Cassone
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1309
Subjects: subject: Bischofsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Casso Torriani, Erzbischof von Mailand, gewährt zugunsten des Priors und des Dominikanerkonvents in Cremona allen, die die Kirche beati Dominici besuchen und für ihre Ausstattung spenden, einen Ablass von 40 Tagen.
Laser spectroscopy of francium isotopes at the borders of the region of reflection asymmetry
Creators: name: Budinčević, I.
name: Billowes, J.
name: Bissell, M. L.
name: Cocolios, T. E.
name: de Groote, R. P.
name: De Schepper, S.
name: Fedosseev, V. N.
name: Flanagan, K. T.
name: Franchoo, S.
name: Ruiz, R. F. Garcia
name: Heylen, H.
name: Lynch, K. M.
name: Marsh, B. A.
name: Neyens, G.
name: Procter, T. J.
name: Rossel, R. E.
name: Rothe, S.
name: Strashnov, I.
name: Stroke, H. H.
name: Wendt, K. D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic dipole moments and changes in mean-square charge radii of the neutron-rich $^{218m,219,229,231}\text{Fr}$ isotopes were measured with the newly-installed Collinear Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (CRIS) beam line at ISOLDE, CERN, probing the $7s~^{2}S_{1/2}$ to $8p~^{2}P_{3/2}$ atomic transition. The $δ\langle r^{2}\rangle^{A,221}$ values for $^{218m,219}\text{Fr}$ and $^{229,231}\text{Fr}$ follow the observed increasing slope of the charge radii beyond $N~=~126$. The charge radii odd-even staggering in this neutron-rich region is discussed, showing that $^{220}\text{Fr}$ has a weakly inverted odd-even staggering while $^{228}\text{Fr}$ has normal staggering. This suggests that both isotopes reside at the borders of a region of inverted staggering, which has been associated with reflection-asymmetric shapes. The $g(^{219}\text{Fr}) = +0.69(1)$ value supports a $π1h_{9/2}$ shell model configuration for the ground state. The $g(^{229,231}\text{Fr})$ values support the tentative $I^π(^{229,231}\text{Fr}) = (1/2^{+})$ spin, and point to a $πs_{1/2}^{-1}$ intruder ground state configuration.
description: Accepted for publication with Physical Review C
Gaussian entanglement witness and refined Werner-Wolf criterion for continuous variables
Creators: name: Chen, Xiao-yu
name: Miao, Maoke
name: Yin, Rui
name: Yuan, Jiantao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use matched quantum entanglement witnesses to study the separable criteria of continuous variable states. The witness can be written as an identity operator minus a Gaussian operator. The optimization of the witness then is transformed to an eigenvalue problem of a Gaussian kernel integral equation. It follows a separable criterion not only for symmetric Gaussian quantum states, but also for non-Gaussian states prepared by photon adding to or/and subtracting from symmetric Gaussian states. Based on Fock space numeric calculation, we obtain an entanglement witness for more general two-mode states. A necessary criterion of separability follows for two-mode states and it is shown to be necessary and sufficient for a two mode squeezed thermal state and the related two-mode non-Gaussian states. We also connect the witness based criterion with Werner-Wolf criterion and refine the Werner-Wolf criterion.
description: 11pages, 2 figures
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 6 (109)]
Creators: name: Jacobus
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1444
Subjects: subject: Sonstige geistliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Der Presbyter Jacobus de Paniciis aus Varenna, Sohn des verstorbenen Guarischus, Rector und Pfründner der Kirche St. Marci Burgi Vici in Como, verpachtet dem Togninus de Girola, Sohn des verstorbenen Ruffinus, wohnhaft in Casteleto, gehörig zur comunis und plebs von Olgiate [Comasco] im Bistum Como, das Recht auf die Erhebung des Zehnts im Gebiet von Casteleto.
Uncovering the molecular mechanism for dual effect of ATP on phase separation in FUS solution
Creators: name: Ren, Chun-Lai
name: Shan, Yue
name: Zhang, Pengfei
name: Ding, Hong-Ming
name: Ma, Yu-qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies reported that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) could inhibit as well as enhance the phase separation in prion-like proteins. The molecular mechanism underlying such a puzzling phenomenon remains elusive. Here, taking the fused in sarcoma (FUS) solution as an example, we comprehensively reveal the underlying mechanism by which ATP regulates phase separation by combining the semiempirical quantum mechanical method, mean-field theory, and molecular simulation. At the microscopic level, ATP acts as a bivalent or trivalent binder; at the macroscopic level, the reentrant phase separation indeed occurs in dilute FUS solutions, resulting from the ATP-concentration--dependent binding ability under different conditions. Importantly, the ATP concentration for dissolving the protein condensates is about 10 mM, agreeing with experimental results. Furthermore, from a dynamic point of view, the effect of ATP on phase separation is also non-monotonic. This work provides a clear physical description of the microscopic interaction and macroscopic phase diagram of the ATP-modulated phase separation.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures
Myasthenia gravis. CD4+ T epitopes on the embryonic gamma subunit of human muscle acetylcholine receptor.
Creators: name: Dalton, M W
name: Howard, J F
name: Conti-Tronconi, B M
name: Moiola, L
name: Protti, M P
name: Wu, X D
name: Manfredi, A A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: In myasthenia gravis (MG) an autoimmune response against muscle acetylcholine receptor (AChR) occurs. Embryonic muscle AChR contains a gamma subunit, substituted in adult muscle by a homologous epsilon subunit. Antibodies and CD4+ cells specific for embryonic AChR have been demonstrated in MG patients. We identified sequence segments of the human gamma subunit forming epitopes recognized by four embryonic AChR-specific CD4+ T cell lines, propagated from MG patients' blood by stimulation with synthetic peptides corresponding to the human gamma subunit sequence. Each line had an individual epitope repertoire, but two 20-residue sequence regions were recognized by three lines of different HLA haplotype. Most T epitope sequences were highly diverged between the gamma and the other AChR subunits, confirming the specificity of the T cells for embryonic AChR. These T cells may have been sensitized against AChR expressed by a tissue other than innervated skeletal muscle, possibly the thymus, which expresses an embryonic muscle AChR-like protein, containing a gamma subunit. Several sequence segments forming T epitopes are similar to regions of microbial and/or mammalian proteins unrelated to the AChR. These findings are consistent with the possibility that T cell cross-reactivity between unrelated proteins ("molecular mimicry"), proposed as a cause of autoimmune responses, is not a rare event.
Dynamical preparation of laser-excited anisotropic Rydberg crystals in 2D optical lattices
Creators: name: Vermersch, Benoît
name: Punk, Matthias
name: Glaetzle, Alexander W.
name: Gross, Christian
name: Zoller, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the dynamical preparation of anisotropic crystalline phases obtained by laser-exciting ultracold Alkali atoms to Rydberg p-states where they interact via anisotropic van der Waals interactions. We develop a time- dependent variational mean field ansatz to model large, but finite two-dimensional systems in experimentally accessible parameter regimes, and we present numerical simulations to illustrate the dynamical formation of anisotropic Rydberg crystals.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures
Fast Entropy Coding for ALICE Run 3
Creators: name: Lettrich, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In LHC Run 3, the upgraded ALICE detector will record Pb-Pb collisions at a rate of 50 kHz usingcontinuous readout. The resulting stream of raw data at 3.5 TB/s has to be processed with a setof lossy and lossless compression and data reduction techniques to a storage data rate of 90 GB/swhile preserving relevant data for physics analysis. This contribution presents a custom losslessdata compression scheme based on entropy coding as the final component in the data reductionchain which has to compress the data rate from 300 GB/s to 90 GB/s. A flexible, multi-processarchitecture for the data compression scheme is proposed that seamlessly interfaces with the datareduction algorithms of earlier stages and allows to use parallel processing in order to keep therequired firm real-time guarantees of the system. The data processed inside the compressionprocess have a structure that allows the use of an rANS entropy coder with more resource efficientstatic distribution tables. Extensions to the rANS entropy coder are introduced to efficientlywork with these static distribution tables and large but sparse source alphabets consisting of upto 25 Bit per symbol. Preliminary performance results show compliance with the firm real-timerequirements while offering close-to-optimal data compression.
Characterization of the muography background using the Muon Telescope (MuTe)
Creators: name: Peña-Rodríguez, Jesús
name: Núñez, Luis A.
name: Asorey, Hernán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we estimate the background components in muography using the MuTe: a hybrid muon telescope composed of two subdetectors -a scintillator hodoscope and a Water Cherenkov Detector (WCD). The hodoscope records the trajectories of particles crossing the telescope, while the WCD measures their energy loss. The MuTe hodoscope reconstructs 3841 different directions with an angular resolution of 32 mrad for an inter-panel distance of 2.5 m. The spatial resolution can reach $\sim$25.6 m assuming an 800 m distance to the target. The WCD measures the deposited energy from 50 MeV to 1.5 GeV with a resolution of 0.72 MeV. MuTe discriminates muography background sources such as: upward coming muons, scattered muons, the soft component of Extensive Air Showers (EAS), and particles arriving simultaneously. They are filtered by using measurements of deposited energy (WCD) and Time-of-Flight. The WCD differentiates single muons, electrons/positrons, and multiparticle events. On the other hand, the ToF measurements allow us to estimate the muon momentum establishing an energy threshold to decrease the background contribution of scattered muons. Upward coming muons are rejected by means of the particle arrival direction determined by the ToF sign. We concluded that near 36% of the recorded events belong to the electromagnetic component (electrons and positrons), roughly 30.4% is caused by multiple particle events that arrive with time differences < 100 ns and the last 34% are caused by muons. The muonic soft component (< 1 GeV/c) represents 46% of the single-muon events. The upward going particles add up the 22% of the total flux crossing the MuTe.
An information-theoretic perspective on intrinsic motivation in reinforcement learning: a survey
Creators: name: Aubret, Arthur
name: Matignon, Laetitia
name: Hassas, Salima
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The reinforcement learning (RL) research area is very active, with an important number of new contributions; especially considering the emergent field of deep RL (DRL). However a number of scientific and technical challenges still need to be resolved, amongst which we can mention the ability to abstract actions or the difficulty to explore the environment in sparse-reward settings which can be addressed by intrinsic motivation (IM). We propose to survey these research works through a new taxonomy based on information theory: we computationally revisit the notions of surprise, novelty and skill learning. This allows us to identify advantages and disadvantages of methods and exhibit current outlooks of research. Our analysis suggests that novelty and surprise can assist the building of a hierarchy of transferable skills that further abstracts the environment and makes the exploration process more robust.
Dualized Gravity beyond Linear Approximation
Creators: name: Wani, Salman Sajad
name: Tsun, Tsou Sheung
name: Faizal, Mir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We will construct a loop space formalism for general relativity, and construct the Polyakov variables as connections for such a loop space. We will use these Polyakov variables to construct a dual theory of gravity beyond linear approximation. It will be demonstrated that this loop space duality reduces to the Hodge duality for linearized gravity. Furthermore, a loop space curvature will be constructed from this Polyakov variable. It will be shown that this loop space curvature vanishes in the absence of topological defects, and so it can be used to investigate gravitational monopoles. We will also construct the suitable monopole charge for such gravitational monopoles.
description: 16 pages
Regulation of catalase in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Effects of oxidant stress and exposure to human neutrophils.
Creators: name: Zheng, H Y
name: Hassett, D J
name: Cohen, M S
name: Bean, K
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: We studied the effects of oxidant stress on the catalase activity and hydrogen peroxide sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. N. gonorrhoeae is an obligate pathogen of man that evokes a remarkable but ineffective neutrophil response. Gonococci make no superoxide dismutase but express high catalase activity. Gonococcal catalase activity increased threefold when organisms were subjected to 1.0 mM hydrogen peroxide. This increase in catalase activity was marked by a parallel increase in protein concentration recognized by a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against the purified gonococcal enzyme. Catalase was primarily localized to the gonococcal cytoplasm in the presence or absence of stress; only a single isoenzyme of catalase could be identified. Exposure of gonococci to neutrophil-derived oxidants was accomplished by stimulating neutrophils with phorbol myristate acetate or by using gonococcal Opa variants that interacted with neutrophils with different degrees of efficiency. Gonococci exposed to neutrophils demonstrated a twofold increase in catalase activity in spite of some reduction in viability. Exposure of gonococci to 1.0 mM hydrogen peroxide made the organisms significantly more resistant to higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and to neutrophils than control organisms. These results suggest that catalase is an important defense for N. gonorrhoeae during attack by human neutrophils. The rapid response of this enzyme to hydrogen peroxide should be taken into consideration in studies designed to evaluate the interaction between neutrophils and gonococci.
The statistical properties of early-type stars from LAMOST DR8
Creators: name: Guo, Yanjun
name: Liu, Chao
name: Wang, Luqian
name: Wang, Jinliang
name: Zhang, Bo
name: Ji, Kaifan
name: Han, ZhanWen
name: Chen, XueFei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive binary stars play a crucial role in many astrophysical fields. Investigating the statistical properties of massive binary stars is essential to trace the formation of massive stars and constrain the evolution of stellar populations. However, no consensus has been achieved on the statistical properties of massive binary stars, mainly due to the lack of a large and homogeneous sample of spectroscopic observations. We study the intrinsic binary fraction $f_{\rm b}^{\rm in}$ and distributions of mass ratio $f(q)$ and orbital period $f(P)$ of early-type stars (comprised of O-, B-, and A-type stars) and investigate their dependences on effective temperature $T_{\rm eff}$, stellar metallicity [M/H], and the projection velocity $v\sin{i}$, based on the homogeneous spectroscopic sample from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) Data Release Eight (DR8). We found that $f_{\rm b}^{\rm in}$ increases with increasing $T_\mathrm{eff}$. The binary fraction is positively correlated with metallicity for spectra in the sample. Over all the $v\sin{i}$ values we considered, the $f_{\rm b}^{\rm in}$ have constant values of $\sim$50\%. It seems that the binary population is relatively evenly distributed over a wide range of $v\sin{i}$ values, while the whole sample shows that most of the stars are concentrated at low values of $v\sin{i}$ (probably from strong wind and magnetic braking of single massive stars) and at high values of $v\sin{i}$ (likely from the merging of binary stars). Stellar evolution and binary interaction may be partly responsible for this.There are no correlations found between $π$($γ$) and $T_{\rm eff}$, nor for $π$($γ$) and [M/H]. The uncertainties of the distribution decrease toward a larger sample size with higher observational cadence.
Antigen nonspecific effect of major histocompatibility complex haplotype on autoantibody levels in systemic lupus erythematosus-prone lpr mice.
Creators: name: Sobel, E S
name: Ackler, S
name: McDaniel, R
name: Rapoport, R G
name: Eisenberg, R A
name: Creech, E
name: Nakul-Aquaronne, D
name: Cohen, P L
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: MHC-linked genes strongly influence susceptibility to autoimmune diseases and also regulate responses to exogenous antigens. To begin to understand the mechanism of this MHC effect on disease, we have investigated MHC-congenic mouse strains that develop spontaneous autoimmunity because of the lpr gene. C57BL6/lpr (B6/lpr) mice (H-2b) are known to have substantial levels of autoantibodies to chromatin, single stranded DNA (ssDNA3), and IgG of different murine subclasses (rheumatoid factor). We have crossed the H-2d and the H-2bm12 (la mutant) haplotypes onto the B6/lpr background. Surprisingly, levels of all the autoantibodies were markedly lower in B6/lpr.H-2d, but levels in B6/lpr.H-2bm12 were no different from those in B6/lpr mice. The downregulating influence of the H-2d allele was dominant, and there was no effect on autoantibody fine specificities. The genetics of the H-2d effect and its diffuse influence on multiple autoantibody specificities, in addition to the lack of effect of the bm12 mutation, which modifies the peptide-binding groove of I-A, together raise the question of whether MHC-linked genes other than classical (IR) genes may be responsible for MHC disease associations in this model.
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 4 (46 a)]
Creators: name: Garetus De Ast
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1311
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Garetus de Ast, generalis auditor am Hofe König Heinrichs VII., weist auf Verlangen des Lafranchus, Abt des Klosters St. Nazarii [in Biandrate] im Erzbistum Vercelli, den Notar Ludixius Conatus de Rippa aus dem Ezbistum Turin an, eine Urkunde im Zuge eines Rechtsstreits zu beglaubigen.
Convergence of Fermionic Observables in the Massive Planar FK-Ising Model
Creators: name: Park, S. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove convergence of the 2- and 4-point fermionic observables of the FK-Ising model on simply connected domains discretised by a planar isoradial lattice in massive (near-critical) scaling limit. The former is alternatively known as a (fermionic) martingale observable (MO) for the massive interface, and in particular encapsulates boundary visit probabilties of the interface. The latter encodes connection probabilities in the 4-point alternating (generalised Dobrushin) boundary condition, whose exact convergence is then further analysed to yield crossing estimates for general boundary conditions. Notably, we obtain a massive version of the so-called Russo- Seymour-Welsh (RSW) type estimates on isoradial lattice. These observables satisfy a massive version of s-holomorphicity [Smi10], and we develop robust techniques to exploit this condition which do not require any regularity assumption of the domain or a particular direction of perturbation. Since many other near-critical observables satisfy the same relation (cf. [BeDu12, CIM21, Par19]), these strategies are of direct use in the analysis of massive models in broader setting.
description: 43 pages, 5 figures
Multicontact formulation for non-conservative field theories
Creators: name: de León, Manuel
name: Gaset, Jordi
name: Muñoz-Lecanda, Miguel Carlos
name: Rivas, Xavier
name: Román-Roy, Narciso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 70S05, 70S10, 53D10, 35R01 (Primary), 35Q99, 53C15, 53Z05, 58A10, 70G4 (Secondary)

description: A new geometric framework is developed to describe non-conservative classical field theories, which is based on multisymplectic and contact geometries. Assuming certain additional conditions and using the forms that define this multicontact structure, as well as other geometric elements that are derived from them, we can introduce variational field equations in the multicontact manifolds. These equations are stated using different geometric tools; namely, sections, multivector fields and Ehresmann connections in fiber bundles. Then, this framework can be adapted to the jet bundle description of classical field theories and the field equations are stated both in the Lagrangian and the Hamiltonian formalisms, which are discussed in the regular and the singular cases.
description: 44 pp
Comparison of Methods for Elliptic Flow Measurements at NICA Energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 4-11 GeV
Creators: name: Luong, Vinh Ba
name: Idrisov, Dim
name: Parfenov, Petr
name: Taranenko, Arkadiy
name: Demanov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The goal of the Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) experiment at NICA collider is to explore the QCD phase diagram of strongly interacting matter produced in nucleus-nucleus collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=4-11$ GeV. The performance of MPD detector for elliptic flow measurements of charged hadrons is studied with Monte-Carlo simulations using collisions of Au+Au ions employing UrQMD, SMASH, and AMPT heavy-ion event generators. Different methods for flow measurements: event plane and direct cumulants are used to investigate the contribution of non-flow correlations and flow fluctuations.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be published in the Proceedings of the Conference "The XXIV International Scientific Conference of Young Scientists and Specialists (AYSS-2020) " (Dubna, 9-13 November 2020), AIP Conference Proceedings. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2012.06763
A Novel Semi-Supervised Algorithm for Rare Prescription Side Effect Discovery
Creators: name: Reps, Jenna
name: Garibaldi, Jonathan M.
name: Aickelin, Uwe
name: Soria, Daniele
name: Gibson, Jack E.
name: Hubbard, Richard B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Drugs are frequently prescribed to patients with the aim of improving each patient's medical state, but an unfortunate consequence of most prescription drugs is the occurrence of undesirable side effects. Side effects that occur in more than one in a thousand patients are likely to be signalled efficiently by current drug surveillance methods, however, these same methods may take decades before generating signals for rarer side effects, risking medical morbidity or mortality in patients prescribed the drug while the rare side effect is undiscovered. In this paper we propose a novel computational meta-analysis framework for signalling rare side effects that integrates existing methods, knowledge from the web, metric learning and semi-supervised clustering. The novel framework was able to signal many known rare and serious side effects for the selection of drugs investigated, such as tendon rupture when prescribed Ciprofloxacin or Levofloxacin, renal failure with Naproxen and depression associated with Rimonabant. Furthermore, for the majority of the drug investigated it generated signals for rare side effects at a more stringent signalling threshold than existing methods and shows the potential to become a fundamental part of post marketing surveillance to detect rare side effects.