cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Alternative energy pathways in Southern Ocean food webs : combining theoretical, empirical and modelling approaches
Creators: name: McCormack, Stacey
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The flow of biomass and energy in Southern Ocean food webs is not well characterised, but is crucial in determining how Antarctic marine ecosystems may respond to environmental change and harvesting, and for formulating appropriate management and conservation strategies. Energy flow in Southern Ocean ecosystems is often described in terms of the short, highly efficient food chain, with Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) dominating energy transfer from primary producers to higher trophic levels. However, there is increasing evidence that alternative energy pathways through other types of zooplankton and mesopelagic fish and squid are equally, if not more important in some regions or years. The question of the importance of these alternative pathways has not yet been examined at a circumpolar scale. The thesis draws together diverse approaches from theoretical ecology, empirical research and quantitative ecosystem modelling to generate novel and important insights into Southern Ocean food web structures and the pathways for energy flow through mid-trophic levels at varying spatial scales ranging from regional to circumpolar. Chapter 1 reviews the ecosystem modelling process and how data signatures, in particular stable isotopes, may be more powerfully used in the development and evaluation of size- and species- based food web models to address questions of ecosystem structure and energy flow. Chapter 2 used network analyses informed by dietary data available from the SCAR Southern Ocean Diet and Energetics Database (SODD) to show that food web structures are fundamentally different between the major oceanic sectors of the Southern Ocean; the mid-trophic groups responsible for maintaining marine mammal and bird populations vary between each sector. Chapter 3 develops a decision framework for species aggregation in Antarctic food web models utilising information from the SODD to justify the functional group structure of an Ecopath model for Prydz Bay, East Antarctica. Chapter 4 presents the development and implementation of a Prydz Bay Ecopath model and provides the first quantitative analysis of the importance of different mid-trophic-level groups for directing energy flow in East Antarctic marine food webs. Finally, Chapter 5 synthesises these new insights into alternative energy pathways in Southern Ocean food webs and considers future research directions for identifying key environmental drivers of these differences.
Design and Analysis of a Spurious Switching Suppression Technique Equipped Low Power Multiplier with Hybrid Encoding Scheme
Creators: name: Saravanan, S.
name: Madheswaran, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multiplication is an arithmetic operation that is mostly used in Digital Signal Processing (DSP) and communication applications. Efficient implementation of the multipliers is required in many applications. The design and analysis of Spurious Switching Suppression Technique (SSST) equipped low power multiplier with hybrid encoding is presented in this paper. The proposed encoding technique reduces the number of switching activity and dynamic power consumption by analyzing the bit patterns in the input data. In this proposed encoding scheme, the operation is executed depends upon the number of 1s and its position in the multiplier data. The architecture of the proposed multiplier is designed using a low power full adder which consumes less power than the other adder architectures. The switching activity of the proposed multiplier has been reduced by 86 percent and 46percent compared with conventional and Booth multiplier respectively. It is observed from the device level simulation using TANNER 12.6 EDA that the power consumption of the proposed multiplier has been reduced by 87 percent and 26 percent compared with conventional and Booth multiplier.
description: 6 pages IEEE format, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, IJCSIS December 2009, ISSN 1947 5500, http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
Southern History Writ Larger
Creators: name: Gilmore, Glenda Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005
Subjects: southern states--study and teaching
Archival resources--southern states
southern states--history
history--study and teaching
historians--southern states--history--21st century
archives--southern states;

description: Paper on the author's reminiscences of personal experiences while researching early Civil Rights activists in archives in both the United States and Russia. Presented at Southern Sources: A Symposium Celebrating Seventy-Five Years of the Southern Historical Collection, 18-19 March 2005 in the Wilson Library at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
The effect of mindfulness meditation on ERP measures of attention
Creators: name: Brady, JJR
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Mindfulness meditation refers to the non-judgmental and present focus on thoughts, feelings and experiences. Neurocognitive studies have associated processes involved in mindfulness meditation with neural networks implicit in attention. These processes are described in Attention Network Theory. The literature reflects growing support for the use of mindfulness meditation as an attentional intervention. Recent innovation has seen the development of neurofeedback devices, designed to augment the outcomes of mindfulness meditation training. However, there are few studies which have quantified these effects. The Attention Network Test is well-supported in assessing measures of attention outlined by Attention Network Theory. Accordingly, we use the Attention Network Test to compare reaction time (ms), accuracy (% correct), and N1 and P3 ERPs (˜í¬¿V) to quantify the effects of mindfulness meditation relative to an active electrodermal-assisted relaxation control. Results indicate no significant improvement in RT for the meditation group relative to controls, or significant corresponding N1 or P3 amplitudes. However, relating to stable reaction time measures, we find evidence of enhanced attentional network efficiency in the meditation group. These observations are paired with state and trait-based self-reports of disposition, in order to track the intervention's manipulation. We found increased self-reported emotional regulation in both groups. Additionally, we present a case for the use of mixed models in such designs. We conclude that further research is warranted to investigate underlying mechanisms of meditation on attention, and the influence that any dispositional variation may have on training outcomes.
Selected linguistic skills in young deaf children
Creators: name: Leslie, Perry Thorold
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This investigation examined the performances of forty deaf children on tasks involving singular and plural simple-active-declarative and corresponding yes/no statements. The task items used be as Aux in both past and non-past tenses. The forty subjects were grouped, according to age, into four groups of ten representing six, seven, eight, and nine year olds. A model, based on transformational-generative grammar theories, was developed to enable qualitative analysis of the responses. Analysis of the linguistic performance demonstrated that the young deaf children were rule governed in responses to the tasks. Many of the linguistic performances examined, were found to parallel development of linguistic performances of very young hearing children. Analysis of the data demonstrated that 9 year old deaf children performed significantly better than 6 year old deaf children on the task items. The task battery included comprehension and production task items. The production-generation items were significantly more difficult than the production-completion items. Young deaf children performed significantly better on singular statement items than they did on plural statement items. The implications of the study were explored and a resulting delineation of language teaching techniques was recommended for future research.
Parameterizing density matrices for composite quantum systems
Creators: name: Bruening, Erwin
name: Chruscinski, Dariusz
name: Petruccione, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A parametrization of density operators for bipartite quantum systems is proposed. It is based on the particular parametrization of the unitary group found recently by Jarlskog. It is expected that this parametrization will find interesting applications in the study of quantum properties of many partite systems.
description: 10 pages
"Dreams to Remember:" Memory, Dreams, and the South since 1954
Creators: name: Martin, Waldo E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005
Subjects: archives--southern states
southern states--study and teaching
southern states--history
history--study and teaching
Archival resources--southern states
historians--southern states--history--21st century

description: Paper on the planned demolition of the historically black James B. Dudley High School (Greensboro, N.C.), and its subsequent renovation and expansion due to community involvement; and how "Little Haytiâ€”a historic African American community in Durham, N.C." is changing as its Latino population grows. Presented at Southern Sources: A Symposium Celebrating Seventy-Five Years of the Southern Historical Collection, 18-19 March 2005 in the Wilson Library at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Exploring the interaction between Schizotypy personality and working memory on speech illusions
Creators: name: Chooi, TL
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This study used the schizotypy personality as a proxy for schizophrenia to understand the mechanisms underlying speech illusions ‚Äö- the perception of meaningful speech in ambiguous auditory signals - in a normative population. To assess the interaction between working memory and schizotypy personality on speech illusions, Hoffmann's (1999) Multi-speaker babble task was used. We hypothesized that individuals high on the schizotypy spectrum and with a lower working memory would score higher on the babble task, compared to high schizotypic individuals with higher working memory. Sixty-two participants completed the babble task, measures of schizotypy personality, and measures of working memory. Moderation analyses were conducted to assess the interaction between the level of schizotypy and the different aspects of working memory on the babble task. Contrary to the hypothesis, it was found that high schizotypic individuals who had a higher auditory/visual verbal working memory were able to detect more words in the babble task. The interaction between working memory and liabilities to speech illusions on the babble task in this normative sample differed from those found in prior research in clinical/subclinical populations. This suggests that the mechanisms underlying speech illusions experienced by the general population might be different from those in clinical population.
The South since 1954: The Civil Rights Era and Beyond
Creators: name: Sullivan, Patricia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005
Subjects: southern states--study and teaching
History--Study and teaching
Archival resources--southern states.
archives--southern states
southern states--history
historians--southern states--history--21st century

description: Paper on the scholarship of the Civil Rights struggles of African Americans in the second half of the twentieth century. Presented at Southern Sources: A Symposium Celebrating Seventy-Five Years of the Southern Historical Collection, 18-19 March 2005 in the Wilson Library at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Keynote Address
Creators: name: Franklin, John Hope
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005
Subjects: archives--southern states
southern states--study and teaching
History--Study and teaching
Archival resources--southern states
historians--southern states--history--21st century
southern states--history

description: Paper on the author's reminiscences on the discrimination he faced as an African American scholar conducting  research in North Carolina, Louisiana, and Alabama in the 1940s and 1950s. Presented at Southern Sources: A Symposium Celebrating Seventy-Five Years of the Southern Historical Collection, 18-19 March 2005 in the Wilson Library at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Thermodynamic Efficiency and Entropy Production in the Climate System
Creators: name: Lucarini, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new outlook on the climate system thermodynamics, studying some of its macroscopic properties in terms of the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics. We review and clarify the notion of efficiency of the climate system by constructing formally an equivalent Carnot engine with efficiency eta, and show how the Lorenz energy cycle can be framed in a macro-scale thermodynamic context. Then, by exploiting the 2nd law, we prove that the lower bound to the entropy production is eta times the integrated absolute value of the internal entropy fluctuations. An exergetic interpretation is also proposed. Finally, the controversial maximum entropy production principle is re-interpreted as requiring the joint optimization of heat transport and mechanical work production. These results provide new tools for climate change analysis and for climate models' validation.
description: 13 pages; revised version
Living Archives
Creators: name: Ayers, Edward L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005
Subjects: southern states--study and teaching
Archival resources--southern states
southern states--history
history--study and teaching
historians--southern states--history--21st century
archives--southern states

description: Paper on the author's reminiscences of personal experiences in archives and speculations about the future of archives, such as the opportunities offered in the digital environment. Presented at Southern Sources: A Symposium Celebrating Seventy-Five Years of the Southern Historical Collection, 18-19 March 2005 in the Wilson Library at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Redefining the role of tumour necrosis factor in macrophage differentiation and effector function in bacterial and tumour defences
Creators: name: Li, X
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Tumour necrosis factor ˜í¬± (TNF) is an essential pro-inflammatory cytokine predominantly secreted by macrophages that regulates the inflammatory response to infection. Macrophages are essential phagocytic innate immune cells resident in all tissues. In response to distinct stimuli, macrophages are polarized into classically activated macrophages (CAM) or alternatively activated macrophages (AAM). CAM have a pro-inflammatory phenotype with a strong ability in killing invading pathogens whereas AAM display an anti-inflammatory phenotype and promote tissue repair. The enzymes iNOS and Arginase-1 are signature molecules expressed by CAM and AAM, respectively, and they use the same substrate L- arginine competitively. TNF plays a central role in restricting AAM differentiation in parasitic infection with Leishmania (L.) major and a tumour model and we hypothesized that it would be applicable generally. Therefore, this thesis investigated the role of TNF in the activation of macrophages during an infection with the gram-positive bacterium Listeria (L.) monocytogenes. Wild-type and B6.TNF\\(^{-/-}\\) mice were infected with L. monocytogenes and macrophage differentiation in spleen (Chapter 3) and peritoneum (Chapter 4) was analysed. TNF deficiency resulted in high susceptibility of infected mice to L. monocytogenes with high bacterial loads in spleen and liver. In addition, there was a strong expression of Arginase-1 and an intact presence of iNOS in splenic and peritoneal macrophages, indicating a regulation of AAM differentiation during L. monocytogenes infection by TNF. Furthermore, in response to the alternative activation of macrophages in B6.TNF\\(^{-/-}\\) mice, the number of splenic neutrophils and the titre of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1˜í‚â§ increased. This indicates that TNF also orchestrates immune responses to bacterial infection and indicates that its role in the suppression of central molecules of the AAM signature such as Arg1 is a general phenomenon. In addition, this thesis investigated the role of TNF in phagocytosis of L. monocytogenes and Devil Facial Tumour Disease (DFTD) cells by macrophages (Chapter 5). We examined macrophage phagocytosis of L. monocytogenes and DFTD cells by macrophages from wild- type and B6.TNF-/- mice. Under steady state conditions there was no difference in phagocytosis efficiency. However, the treatment of macrophages with IFN˜í‚â• plus LPS or LPS alone increased phagocytosis in macrophages from B6.TNF\\(^{-/-}\\) mice, to a greater degree than macrophages from wild type mice. It is likely that TNF regulates phagocytosis of DFTD cells by activated macrophages. In summary, these results indicate a key role for TNF in orchestrating innate immune responses through modulating the macrophage differentiation and phagocytosis. The AAM bias in the absence of TNF leads to the high susceptibility to bacterial infection, suggesting an essential effect of TNF in an anti-bacterial response.
Complex mass renormalization in EFT
Creators: name: Djukanovic, D.
name: Gegelia, J.
name: Keller, A.
name: Scherer, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider an effective field theory of unstable particles (resonances) using the complex-mass renormalization. As an application we calculate the masses and the widths of the $ρ$ meson and the Roper resonance.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures; Proceedings of 6th International Workshop on Chiral Dynamics, 6-10 July 2009, Bern, Switzerland
title: Complexity, Fine-Tuning, and Multiple Universes: The Insufficiency of Scientific Theories for Determining Metaphysical Views
Creators: name: Kennedy, Ashley Graham
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Many argue that science can provide empirical evidence for the existence of God or a designer. In this thesis I examine three such arguments: the irreducible complexity argument from biochemistry, the fine-tuning argument from physics and the rare earth/privileged planet hypothesis from astronomy. I conclude that all three of the arguments fail to show whether or not the universe was designed, because science is not prepared to answer this question. Further, I argue that scientific theories, in general, cannot be used as the sole basis for metaphysical propositions.
Antiferromagnetism and the gap of a Mott insulator: Results from analytic continuation of the self-energy
Creators: name: Wang, Xin
name: Gull, Emanuel
name: Medici, Luca de'
name: Capone, Massimo
name: Millis, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct analytic continuation of the self energy is used to determine the effect of antiferromagnetic ordering on the spectral function and optical conductivity of a Mott insulator. Comparison of several methods shows that the most robust estimation of the gap value is obtained by use of the real part of the continued self energy in the quasiparticle equation within the single-site dynamical mean field theory of the two dimensional square lattice Hubbard model, where for U slightly greater than the Mott critical value, antiferromagnetism increases the gap by about 80%.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures. An error in normalization of optical conductivity (Fig. 9) corrected. to appear in Phys. Rev. B
State price density estimation via nonparametric mixtures
Creators: name: Yuan, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider nonparametric estimation of the state price density encapsulated in option prices. Unlike usual density estimation problems, we only observe option prices and their corresponding strike prices rather than samples from the state price density. We propose to model the state price density directly with a nonparametric mixture and estimate it using least squares. We show that although the minimization is taken over an infinitely dimensional function space, the minimizer always admits a finite dimensional representation and can be computed efficiently. We also prove that the proposed estimate of the state price density function converges to the truth at a ``nearly parametric'' rate.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AOAS246 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Intercomparison of Gridded Precipitation Datasets over a Sub-Region of the Central Himalaya and the Southwestern Tibetan Plateau
Creators: name: Hamm, Alexandra
name: Arndt, Anselm
name: Kolbe, Christine
name: Wang, Xun
name: Thies, Boris
name: Boyko, Oleksiy
name: Reggiani, Paolo
name: Scherer, Dieter
name: Bendix, Jörg
name: Schneider, Christoph
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 577 Ökologie
subject: precipitation
subject: reanalysis data
subject: satellite retrieval
subject: complex terrain
subject: spatial resolution
subject: temporal resolution
subject: High Mountain Asia
subject: Tibetan Plateau
subject: third pole

description: Precipitation is a central quantity of hydrometeorological research and applications. Especially in complex terrain, such as in High Mountain Asia (HMA), surface precipitation observations are scarce. Gridded precipitation products are one way to overcome the limitations of ground truth observations. They can provide datasets continuous in both space and time. However, there are many products available, which use various methods for data generation and lead to different precipitation values. In our study we compare nine different gridded precipitation products from different origins (ERA5, ERA5-Land, ERA-interim, HAR v2 10 km, HAR v2 2 km, JRA-55, MERRA-2, GPCC and PRETIP) over a subregion of the Central Himalaya and the Southwest Tibetan Plateau, from May to September 2017. Total spatially averaged precipitation over the study period ranged from 411 mm (GPCC) to 781 mm (ERA-Interim) with a mean value of 623 mm and a standard deviation of 132 mm. We found that the gridded products and the few observations, with few exceptions, are consistent among each other regarding precipitation variability and rough amount within the study area. It became obvious that higher grid resolution can resolve extreme precipitation much better, leading to overall lower mean precipitation spatially, but higher extreme precipitation events. We also found that generally high terrain complexity leads to larger differences in the amount of precipitation between products. Due to the considerable differences between products in space and time, we suggest carefully selecting the product used as input for any research application based on the type of application and specific research question. While coarse products such as ERA-Interim or ERA5 that cover long periods but have coarse grid resolution have previously shown to be able to capture long-term trends and help with identifying climate change features, this study suggests that more regional applications, such as glacier mass-balance modeling, require higher spatial resolution, as is reproduced, for example, in HAR v2 10 km.
Atmospheric triggering conditions and climatic disposition of landslides in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan at the beginning of the 21st century
Creators: name: Wang, Xun
name: Otto, Marco
name: Scherer, Dieter
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 550 Geowissenschaften
subject: landslides
subject: Kyrgyzstan
subject: Tajikistan
subject: 21st century
subject: climatic disposition

description: Landslide is a major natural hazard in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Knowledge about atmospheric triggering conditions and climatic disposition of landslides in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan is limited even though this topic has already been investigated thoroughly in other parts of the world. In this study, the newly developed, high-resolution High Asia Refined analysis version 2 (HAR v2) data set generated by dynamical downscaling was combined with historical landslide inventories to analyze the atmospheric conditions that initialized landslides in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The results indicate the crucial role of snowmelt in landslide-triggering processes since it contributes to the initialization of 40 % of landslide events. Objective thresholds for rainfall, snowmelt, and the sum of rainfall and snowmelt (rainfall + snowmelt) were defined. Thresholds defined by rainfall + snowmelt have the best predictive performance. Mean intensity, peak intensity, and the accumulated amount of rainfall + snowmelt events show similar predictive performance. Using the entire period of rainfall + snowmelt events results in better predictive performance than just considering the period up to landslide occurrence. Mean annual exceedance maps were derived from defined regional thresholds for rainfall + snowmelt. Mean annual exceedance maps depict climatic disposition and have added value in landslide susceptibility mapping. The results reported in this study highlight the potential of dynamical downscaling products generated by regional climate models in landslide prediction.
ICD 10 Based Medical Expert System Using Fuzzy Temporal Logic
Creators: name: Chinniah, P.
name: Muttan, Dr. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Medical diagnosis process involves many levels and considerable amount of time and money are invariably spent for the first level of diagnosis usually made by the physician for all the patients every time. Hence there is a need for a computer based system which not only asks relevant questions to the patients but also aids the physician by giving a set of possible diseases from the symptoms obtained using logic at inference. In this work, an ICD10 based Medical Expert System that provides advice, information and recommendation to the physician using fuzzy temporal logic. The knowledge base used in this system consists of facts of symptoms and rules on diseases. It also provides fuzzy severity scale and weight factor for symptom and disease and can vary with respect to time. The system generates the possible disease conditions based on modified Euclidean metric using Elders algorithm for effective clustering. The minimum similarity value is used as the decision parameter to identify a disease.
description: 6 pages IEEE format, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, IJCSIS December 2009, ISSN 1947 5500, http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
Two approaches for the gravitational self force in black hole spacetime: Comparison of numerical results
Creators: name: Sago, Norichika
name: Barack, Leor
name: Detweiler, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, two independent calculations have been presented of finite-mass ("self-force") effects on the orbit of a point mass around a Schwarzschild black hole. While both computations are based on the standard mode-sum method, they differ in several technical aspects, which makes comparison between their results difficult--but also interesting. Barack and Sago [Phys. Rev. D {\bf 75}, 064021 (2007)] invoke the notion of a self-accelerated motion in a background spacetime, and perform a direct calculation of the local self force in the Lorenz gauge (using numerical evolution of the perturbation equations in the time domain); Detweiler [Phys. Rev. D {\bf 77}, 124026 (2008)] describes the motion in terms a geodesic orbit of a (smooth) perturbed spacetime, and calculates the metric perturbation in the Regge--Wheeler gauge (using frequency-domain numerical analysis). Here we establish a formal correspondence between the two analyses, and demonstrate the consistency of their numerical results. Specifically, we compare the value of the conservative $O(μ)$ shift in $u^t$ (where $μ$ is the particle's mass and $u^t$ is the Schwarzschild $t$ component of the particle's four-velocity), suitably mapped between the two orbital descriptions and adjusted for gauge. We find that the two analyses yield the same value for this shift within mere fractional differences of $\sim 10^{-5}$--$10^{-7}$ (depending on the orbital radius)--comparable with the estimated numerical error.
description: 11 pages; minor typos corrected; final version to be published in PRD
Cluster contribution to the X-ray background as a cosmological probe
Creators: name: Lemze, Doron
name: Sadeh, Sharon
name: Rephaeli, Yoel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extensive measurements of the X-ray background (XRB) yield a reasonably reliable characterisation of its basic properties. Having resolved most of the cosmic XRB into discrete sources, the levels and spectral shapes of its main components can be used to probe both the source populations and also alternative cosmological and large-scale structure models. Recent observations of clusters seem to provide evidence that clusters formed earlier and are more abundant than predicted in the standard $Λ$CDM model. This motivates interest in alternative models that predict enhanced power on cluster scales. We calculate predicted levels and spectra of the superposed emission from groups and clusters of galaxies in $Λ$CDM and in two viable alternative non-Gaussian ($χ^2$) and early dark energy models. The predicted levels of the contribution of clusters to the XRB in the non-Gaussian models exceed the measured level at low energies and levels of the residual XRB in the 2-8 keV band; these particular models are essentially ruled out. Our work demonstrates the diagnostic value of the integrated X-ray emission from clusters, by considering also its dependences on different metallicities, gas and temperature profiles, Galactic absorption, merger scenarios, and on a non-thermal pressure component. We also show that the XRB can be used for a upper limit for the concentration parameter value.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, accepted to MNRAS
BrainPAD Parameters - Boyle, Whelan, et al. (2020)
Creators: name: Boyle, Rory
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Parameters for calculating brain age and generating brainPAD scores in independent datasets. Can be used with code in the following repository: https://github.com/rorytboyle/brainPAD in order to calculate brain age for new data.

 Please cite the following paper (in which the model is described) if using these parameters:

 Boyle, R., Jollans, L., Rueda-Delgado, L.M. et al. Brain-predicted age difference score is related to specific cognitive functions: a multi-site replication analysis. Brain Imaging and Behavior 15, 327–345 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-020-00260-3
Efimov States in Nuclear and Particle Physics
Creators: name: Hammer, H. -W.
name: Platter, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particles with resonant short-range interactions have universal properties that do not depend on the details of their structure or their interactions at short distances. In the three-body system, these properties include the existence of a geometric spectrum of three-body Efimov states and a discrete scaling symmetry leading to log-periodic dependence of observables on the scattering length. Similar universal properties appear in the four-body system and possibly higher-body systems as well. For example, universal four-body states have recently been predicted and observed in experiment. These phenomena are often referred to as "Efimov Physics". We review their theoretical description and discuss applications in different areas of physics with a special emphasis on nuclear and particle physics.
description: Invited review for Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
2017 Programming Historian Deposit
Creators: name: Afanador-Llach, Maria José
name: Baker, James
name: Crymble, Adam
name: Gayol, Víctor
name: Gibbs, Fred
name: Lincoln, Matthew
name: McDaniel, Caleb
name: Milligan, Ian
name: Parr, Jessica
name: Castro, Antonio Rojas
name: Anandi Silva Knuppel
name: Visconti, Amanda
name: Walsh, Brandon
name: Wieringa, Jeri
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017

description: This deposit contains materials for the Jekyll-based static site for The Programming Historian. The Programming Historian publishes novice-friendly, peer-reviewed tutorials that help humanists learn a wide range of digital tools, techniques, and workflows to facilitate research and teaching. We are committed to fostering a diverse and inclusive community of editors, writers, and readers.

At the time of deposit, The Programming Historians hosts 67 lessons. To date in 2017 we published 11 new lessons and retired 3 existing lessons. 28 lessons were translated into Spanish.

This deposit provides a citation for the project as it stands in November 2017. It is not intended to replace the Programming Historian website. This deposit supersedes the 2016 deposit (see 'Previous versions' for more info).
Superconductivity in Fluorine-Arsenide Sr_{1-x}La_xFeAsF
Creators: name: Zhu, Xiyu
name: Han, Fei
name: Cheng, Peng
name: Mu, Gang
name: Shen, Bing
name: Wen, Hai-Hu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the discovery of superconductivity\cite{1} at 26 K in oxy-pnictide $LaFeAsO_{1-x}F_x$, enormous interests have been stimulated in the fields of condensed matter physics and material sciences. Among the five different structures in this broad type of superconductors\cite{2,3,4,5,6}, the ZrCuSiAs structure has received special attention since the $T_c$ has been quickly promoted to 55-56 K\cite{7,8,9,10,11} in fluorine doped oxy-pnictides REFeAsO (RE = rare earth elements). The superconductivity can also be induced by applying a high pressure to the undoped samples\cite{12,13}. The mechanism of superconductivity in the FeAs-based system remains unclear yet, but it turns out to be clear that any change to the structure or the building blocks will lead to a change of the superconducting transition temperatures. In this Letter, we report the fabrication of the new family of compounds, namely fluorine-arsenides DvFeAsF (Dv = divalent metals) with the ZrCuSiAs structure and with the new building block DvF instead of the REO (both the layers DvF and REO have the combined cation state of "+1"). The undoped parent phase has a Spin-Density-Wave like transition at about 173 K for SrFeAsF, 118 K for CaFeAsF and 153 K for EuFeAsF. By doping electrons into the system the resistivity anomaly associated with this SDW transition is suppressed and superconductivity appears at 32 K in the fluorine-arsenide Sr$_{1-x}$La$_x$FeAsF (x = 0.4). Our discovery here initiates a new method to obtain superconductors in the FeAs-based system.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, typos added, references added, and one figure added
Absorbing-state phase transitions on percolating lattices
Creators: name: Lee, Man Young
name: Vojta, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study nonequilibrium phase transitions of reaction-diffusion systems defined on randomly diluted lattices, focusing on the transition across the lattice percolation threshold. To develop a theory for this transition, we combine classical percolation theory with the properties of the supercritical nonequilibrium system on a finite-size cluster. In the case of the contact process, the interplay between geometric criticality due to percolation and dynamical fluctuations of the nonequilibrium system leads to a new universality class. The critical point is characterized by ultraslow activated dynamical scaling and accompanied by strong Griffiths singularities. To confirm the universality of this exotic scaling scenario we also study the generalized contact process with several (symmetric) absorbing states, and we support our theory by extensive Monte-Carlo simulations.
description: 11 pages, 10 eps figures included, final version as published
Analysis of Minnesota colon and rectum cancer point patterns with spatial and nonspatial covariate information
Creators: name: Liang, Shengde
name: Carlin, Bradley P.
name: Gelfand, Alan E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Colon and rectum cancer share many risk factors, and are often tabulated together as ``colorectal cancer'' in published summaries. However, recent work indicating that exercise, diet, and family history may have differential impacts on the two cancers encourages analyzing them separately, so that corresponding public health interventions can be more efficiently targeted. We analyze colon and rectum cancer data from the Minnesota Cancer Surveillance System from 1998--2002 over the 16-county Twin Cities (Minneapolis--St. Paul) metro and exurban area. The data consist of two marked point patterns, meaning that any statistical model must account for randomness in the observed locations, and expected positive association between the two cancer patterns. Our model extends marked spatial point pattern analysis in the context of a log Gaussian Cox process to accommodate spatially referenced covariates (local poverty rate and location within the metro area), individual-level risk factors (patient age and cancer stage), and related interactions. We obtain smoothed maps of marginal log-relative intensity surfaces for colon and rectum cancer, and uncover significant age and stage differences between the two groups. This encourages more aggressive colon cancer screening in the inner Twin Cities and their southern and western exurbs, where our model indicates higher colon cancer relative intensity.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AOAS240 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Charge density waves and Fermi surface reconstruction in the clean overdoped cuprate superconductor Tl 2 Ba 2 CuO 6+ δ
Creators: name: Tam, C. C.
name: Zhu, M.
name: Ayres, J.
name: Kummer, K.
name: Yakhou-Harris, F.
name: Cooper, J. R.
name: Carrington, A.
name: Hayden, S. M.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Article
/639/766/119/995
/639/766/119/2795
/639/766/119/1002
/639/766/119/1003
article

description: Abstract: Hall effect and quantum oscillation measurements on high temperature cuprate superconductors show that underdoped compositions have small Fermi surface pockets whereas when heavily overdoped, a single much larger pocket is found. The origin of this change in electronic structure has been unclear, but may be related to the high temperature superconductivity. Here we show that the clean overdoped single-layer cuprate Tl2Ba2CuO6+δ (Tl2201) displays CDW order with a remarkably long correlation length ξ ≈ 200 Å which disappears above a hole doping of pCDW ≈ 0.265. We show that the evolution of the electronic properties of Tl2201 as the doping is lowered may be explained by a Fermi surface reconstruction which accompanies the emergence of the CDW below pCDW. Our results demonstrate importance of CDW correlations in understanding the electronic properties of overdoped cuprates.
Hypothesis disconfirmation : improving mock-juror sensitivity to confession evidence
Creators: name: Port, MEH
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The present study investigated the extent to which mock-jurors are able to recognise factual inconsistencies in confession evidence. To assist this, a hypothesis disconfirmation intervention was trialled, as a method of improving sensitivity, and reducing judgements of guilt when a confession is unreliable (Brewer, Keast & Rishworth, 2002). Two hundred and eighty-three participants (197 female, 4 other; aged 18-78 years, `M` = 32.9, `SD` = 13.55) were randomly allocated to one of six conditions on the basis of variation in confession consistency, and the presence or absence of the hypothesis disconfirmation. Content of confessions varied in consistency with police facts of the case across three conditions (consistent, small inconsistencies, large inconsistencies). After viewing a police report and confession statement, the hypothesis disconfirmation intervention required participants to generate alternative explanations for the suspect confessing, without having committed the crime; prior to provision of verdict. Results supported an error sensitivity perspective (cf. insensitivity perspective), which purports that jurors are better at recognising inconsistencies than previously acknowledged (Henderson & Levett, 2016; Palmer, Button, Barnett & Brewer, 2016; Woesetehoff & Meissner, 2016). Evidence for the hypothesis disconfirmation was not sufficient to warrant a convincing interpretation, however patterns of results were promising. Implications for theory, research and practice are discussed.
The changing role of the occupational therapist
Creators: name: Ernest, Marilyn Luella
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The purposes of this study were to identify both the role development of the occupational therapist and the factors which have influenced and directed the role changes. It was assumed that these identifications would assist both the profession and educators of occupational therapists to evaluate the trends as to how and why the profession is developing and to plan for appropriate professional and educational changes for the future. The role of the occupational therapist, an allied health professional, has changed from that of a craft-oriented medical technician to that of a professional clinician, researcher, educator and consultant. This contemporary therapist was found to be practicing in a number of areas both within and outside of the medical model of practice. The development of these new roles has resulted in considerable concern, both outside of and within the profession, as to whether or not the traditional craft-oriented medical model of practice is still valid. As well, occupational therapists in both the United States and Canada have expressed the need to re-evaluate their roles, their responsibilities, and their education in order to meet the needs of changing patterns in the organization and delivery of contemporary health services. The study of the role development and identification of factors influencing the role changes was carried out through a review of literature published between 1922 and 1972 plus a minimal number of unpublished papers related to the topic. A brief review of the 1970-1971 Canadian occupational therapy curricula was included in an attempt to indicate the influences educational programs had on the role development of the occupational therapist. It was found that new roles developed in response to present and proposed government legislation, changing needs and demands of society in general, and changing emphases in medical education and health care delivery. It was also found that the educational influences of occupational therapy programs were minimal, if not inhibitory, to the role development of the occupational therapist. Conclusions drawn from the review of the literature resulted in the establishing of eighteen recommendations concerned with the role development, research needs, and educational needs of future occupational therapists in Canada. It was felt that these recommendations represented guidelines for change which must be implemented by the individual therapists, professional associations, and educators if occupational therapy is to remain a viable health profession.
Maintaining the local temperature below the critical value in thermally out of equilibrium superconducting wires
Creators: name: Dubi, Yonatan
name: Di Ventra, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generalized theory of open quantum systems combined with mean-field theory is used to study a superconducting wire in contact with thermal baths at different temperatures. It is shown that, depending on the temperature of the colder bath, the temperature of the hotter bath can greatly exceed the equilibrium critical temperature, and still the local temperature in the wire is maintained below the critical temperature and hence the wire remains in the superconducting state. The effects of contact areas and disorder are studied. Finally, an experimental setup is suggested to test our predictions.
description: 4+ pages, 3 figrues; also http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20427365.400-superconductors-can-come-i\n-from-the-cold.html