cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Impact of EURODAC in EU Migration Law: The Era of Crimmigration?
Creators: name: Queiroz, Benedita Menezes
Publisher: name: Market and Competition Law Review
Year: 2019

description: Counter-terrorism and public security measures have significantly altered EU immigration law. Under the premise that EU instruments which regulate EU immigration databases influence the legal regime of irregularity of migrants’ statuses, the present article argues that the latest developments in the area of data technology contribute to the phenomenon of “crimmigration”. This is so not only because they may generate a sort of “digital illegality” due to their impact on the categorisation of migrants, but also because they enable a conflation of treatment of irregularity, asylum seeking and criminality. This article focuses on the recent amendments and proposals for amendments to the EURODAC Regulation, a database that regulates the asylum fingerprint system in the EU. This is revealing of the ongoing broadening of the purpose of that data and law enforcement access to the collected information. The argument finds its basis in three main trends common to these databases: the erosion of the principle of purpose limitation, the widening of access to data by law enforcement authorities, and the digitalisation of borders through biometrics. Ultimately, this article claims that the level of surveillance of certain categories of migrants that may cross the borders of the EU puts at risk the distinction between illegally staying irregular migrants and criminals, given that the treatment of their personal data is insufficiently clear in practice.
description: Market and Competition Law Review, v. 3 n. 1 (2019)
Modularity of some non-rigid double octic Calabi-Yau threefolds
Creators: name: Cynk, S.
name: Meyer, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14G10; 14J32

description: In this paper we discuss four methods of proving modularity of Calabi--Yau threefolds with $h^{12}=1$: existence of elliptic ruled surfaces inside (Hulek-Verrill), correspondence with a product of an elliptic curve and a K3 surface (Livné-Yui), correspondence with a (modular) rigid Calabi-Yau threefold, and existence of an involution splitting the fourdimensional representation into twodimensional subrepresentations. We apply these methods to prove modularity of 17 out of 18 double octic Calabi-Yau threefolds for which "numerical evidence of modularity" was found in the second Author's thesis. We observe that modularity holds for those elements in a pencil having some additional geometric properties. In the proofs we use representations of the considered Calabi-Yau threefolds as a Kummer fibration associated to a fiber product of rational elliptic fibrations.
description: 18 pages; minor mistakes corrected
The space of intervals in a Euclidean space
Creators: name: Okuyama, Shingo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P35, 55P40

description: For a path-connected space X, a well-known theorem of Segal, May and Milgram asserts that the configuration space of finite points in R^n with labels in X is weakly homotopy equivalent to the n-th loop-suspension of X. In this paper, we introduce a space I_n(X) of intervals suitably topologized in R^n with labels in a space X and show that it is weakly homotopy equivalent to n-th loop-suspension of X without the assumption on path-connectivity.
description: Published by Algebraic and Geometric Topology at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/agt/AGTVol5/agt-5-62.abs.html
Determination of the border between "shallow" and "deep" tunneling regions for Herman-Kluk method by asymptotic approach
Creators: name: Tanaka, Atushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evaluation of a tunneling tail by the Herman-Kluk method, which is a quasiclassical way to compute quantum dynamics, is examined by asymptotic analysis. In the shallower part of the tail, as well as in the classically allowed region, it is shown that the leading terms of semiclassical evaluations of quantum theory and the Herman-Kluk formula agree, which is known as an asymptotic equivalence. In the deeper part, it is shown that the asymptotic equivalence breaks down, due to the emergence of unusual "tunneling trajectory", which is an artifact of the Herman-Kluk method.
description: To be published in Phys. Rev. A
Hiding and masking quantum information in complex and real quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Zhu, Huangjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical information can be completely hidden in the correlations of bipartite quantum systems. However, it is impossible to hide or mask all quantum information according to the no-hiding and no-masking theorems derived recently. Here we show that any set of informationally complete quantum states is neither hidable nor maskable, thereby strengthening the no-hiding and no-masking theorems known before. Then, by virtue of Hurwitz-Radon matrices (representations of the Clifford algebra), we show that information about real quantum states can be completely hidden in the correlations, although the minimum dimension of the composite Hilbert space required increases exponentially with the dimension of the original Hilbert space. Moreover, the set of real quantum states is a maximal maskable set within quantum theory and has a surprising connection with maximally entangled states. These results offer valuable insight on the potential and limit of hiding and masking quantum information, which are of intrinsic interest to a number of active research areas.
description: 9+9.1 pages and 4 figures; published in Phys. Rev. Research
Additional file 4 of Consistent ultra-long DNA sequencing with automated slow pipetting
Creators: name: Prall, Trent M.
name: Neumann, Emma K.
name: Karl, Julie A.
name: Shortreed, Cecilia G.
name: Baker, David A.
name: Bussan, Hailey E.
name: Wiseman, Roger W.
name: O’Connor, David H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 4: Supplementary Figure 4. Schematics of SNAILS axle 1 and pipette cap. A. Dimensions for axle 1. B. Dimensions for pipette cap. The cap is fitted for an Ovation M Micropipette.
Merger Control and Online Platforms: the Relevance of Network Effects
Creators: name: Martín-Laborda, Antonio Robles
Publisher: name: Market and Competition Law Review
Year: 2017

description: Digital platforms operate in multisided markets providing services through the internet to two or more distinct groups of users, between which there are indirect network effects. Direct networks effects are frequently present within each group. Therefore, online platforms usually present both direct network effects, between individual members of the same group, and indirect network effects, between members of distinct groups. Network effects may simultaneously reduce competition leading to a greater concentration and strengthening entry barriers, on the one hand, and put forward significant efficiencies on the other. This article examines some keys aspects related to the impact of network effects on the assessment of mergers in two-sided markets, taking account of the recent practice of the Commission.
description: Market and Competition Law Review, v. 1 n. 2 (2017)
Cybersecurity and Liability in a Big Data World
Creators: name: Montagnani, Maria Lillà
name: Cavallo, Mirta Antonella
Publisher: name: Market and Competition Law Review
Year: 2018

description: The interplay between big data and cloud computing is at the same time undoubtedly promising, challenging and puzzling. The current technological landscape is not without paradoxes and risks, which under certain circumstances may raise liability issues for market operators. In this article we illustrate the several challenges in terms of security and resilience that market operators face as their overcoming is of strategic importance for businesses wishing to be deemed privacy-respectful and reliable market actors. After a brief overview of the potentialities and drawbacks deriving from the combination of big data and cloud computing, this article illustrates the challenges and the obligations imposed by the European institutions on providers processing personal data – pursuant to the General Data Protection Regulation – and on providers of digital services and essential services – according to the NIS Directive. We also survey the European institutions’ push towards the development and adoption of codes of conduct, standards and certificates, as well as their last proposal for a new Cybersecurity Act. We conclude by showing that, despite this articulate framework, big data and cloud service providers still leverage on their strong market power to use “contractual shields” and escape liability.
description: Market and Competition Law Review, v. 2 n. 2 (2018)
Alguns aspectos da vida quotidiana num colégio feminino no século XIX: o caso do real Colégio Ursulino das Chagas de Coimbra (1874-1880)
Creators: name: Vaquinhas, Irene Maria
Publisher: name: Gestão e Desenvolvimento
Year: 1996

description: Num domingo de Setembro de 1850, pelas 17 horas, deu entrada no Real Colégio Ursulino das Chagas de Coimbra, ao tempo sediado no convento de Santa Ana, a "Sra. D. Luísa Augusta da Rocha", como referia o jornal O Observador, de sete anos de idade, sobrinha do lente da Faculdade de Direito, Manuel António Coelho da Rocha, recentemente falecido'. Acompanhavam-na um numeroso séquito composto pelo Conselheiro Basílio Alberto de Sousa Pinto2, seu tutor, e respectivo irmão, Doutor Rodrigo Ribeiro de Sousa Pinto, lente de matemática, esposa e filhas, o reitor da Universidade de Coimbra e família, o secretário da Universidade, vários lentes, além de muitas outras pessoas. À chegada - prosseguia aquele periódico - esperavam a jovem educanda e tão "lusidia" companhia, toda a comunidade docente e discente do colégio, a quem a superiora, num gesto de deferência e de boas-vindas, obsequiou com uma recepção musical, seguida por "um chá esplêndido".
description: Gestão e Desenvolvimento, n. 5-6 (1996)
TOWARDS NATURAL RESOURCE ACCOUNTING IN TANZANIA: A STUDY ON THE CONTRIBUTION OF NATUAL FORESTS TO NATIONAL INCOME
Creators: name: Mkanta, William N.
name: Chimtembo, Mathew M.B.
name: Mkanta, William N.
name: Chimtembo, Mathew M.B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Public Economics
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The aim of this study was twofold: valuation of non-marketed forest resources and proposing means for generation of modified national accounts that would cover the full value of forest resource production (and consumption). Land cover for the study area was studied for three points in time from 1975 to 1997.
Kantzenbach, F. W., Vajita, Vilmos: Oecumenica
Creators: name: Weissgerber, Hans
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 17 Nr. 2 (1968): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 17, Heft 2
Fluctuations and Defects in Lamellar Stacks of Amphiphilic Bilayers
Creators: name: Loison, Claire
name: Mareschal, Michel
name: Schmid, Friederike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review recent molecular dynamics simulations of thermally activated undulations and defects in the lamellar $L_α$ phase of a binary amphiphile-solvent mixture, using an idealized molecular coarse-grained model: Solvent particles are represented by beads, and amphiphiles by bead-and-spring tetramers. We find that our results are in excellent agreement with the predictions of simple mesoscopic theories: An effective interface model for the undulations, and a line tension model for the (pore) defects. We calculate the binding rigidity and the compressibility modulus of the lamellar stack as well as the line tension of the pore rim. Finally, we discuss implications for polymer-membrane systems.
description: to appear in Computer Physics Communications (2005)
Coherent mechanical noise cancellation and cooperativity competition in optomechanical arrays
Creators: name: de Jong, Matthijs H. J.
name: Li, Jie
name: Gärtner, Claus
name: Norte, Richard A.
name: Gröblacher, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studying the interplay between multiple coupled mechanical resonators is a promising new direction in the field of optomechanics. Understanding the dynamics of the interaction can lead to rich new effects, such as enhanced coupling and multi-body physics. In particular, multi-resonator optomechanical systems allow for distinct dynamical effects due to the optical cavity coherently coupling mechanical resonators. Here, we study the mechanical response of two SiN membranes and a single optical mode, and find that the cavity induces a time delay between the local and cavity-transduced thermal noises experienced by the resonators. This results in an optomechanical phase lag that causes destructive interference, cancelling the mechanical thermal noise by up to 20 dB in a controllable fashion, matching our theoretical expectation. Based on the effective coupling between membranes, we further propose, derive and measure a collective effect, cooperativity competition on mechanical dissipation, whereby the linewidth of one resonator depends on the coupling efficiency (cooperativity) of the other resonator.
The Core-Collapse Supernova with "Non-Uniform" Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Sawai, Hidetomo
name: Kotake, Kei
name: Yamada, Shoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform two-dimensional numerical simulations on the core-collapse of a massive star with strong magnetic fields and differential rotations using a numerical code ZEUS-2D. Changing field configurations and laws of differential rotation parametrically, we compute 14 models and investigate effects of these parameters on the dynamics. In our models, we do not solve the neutrino transport and instead employ a phenomenological parametric EOS that takes into account the neutrino emissions. As a result of the calculations, we find that the field configuration plays a significant role in the dynamics of the core if the initial magnetic field is large enough. Models with initially concentrated fields produce more energetic explosions and more prolate shock waves than the uniform field. Quadrapole-like fields produce remarkably collimated and fast jet, which might be important for gamma-ray bursts(GRB). The Lorentz forces exerted in the region where the plasma-beta is less than unity are responsible for these dynamics. The pure toroidal field, on the other hand, does not lead to any explosion or matter ejection. This suggests the presupernova models of Heger et al.(2003), in which toroidal fields are predominant, is disadvantageous for the magnetorotation-induced supernova considered here. Models with initially weak magnetic fields do not lead to explosion or matter ejection, either. In these models magnetic fields play no role as they do not grow on the timescale considered in this paper so that the magnetic pressure could be comparable to the matter pressure. This is because the exponential field growth as expected in MRI is not seen in our models. The magnetic field is amplified mainly by field-compression and field-wrapping in our simulations.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures, ApJ in press, typos corrected
The Very Essence of the Internal Market Freedoms
Creators: name: Quadros, Inês
Publisher: name: Market and Competition Law Review
Year: 2019

description: The guarantee of the very essence of rights is a well-known concept in the German tradition of rights' adjudication. The Court of Justice of the European Union has been influenced by the methods of control used by the German Constitutional Law in relation to restrictions to fundamental rights, and the Charter of Fundamental Rights has adopted some of the limits used therein. The article discusses whether the language of rights developed by the Court of Justice in relation to the internal market freedoms allows for the use of the guarantee of their essential core as a limit to State restrictions. Furthermore, it tries to define what should be taken as the inner core of fundamental freedoms. Attention is drawn to the relationship between the very essence of rights and the proportionality principle. The emphasis put by the Court on this principle shows that the inner core of the freedoms should come as a result of a balancing exercise between these and other compelling interests.
description: Market and Competition Law Review, v. 1 n. 1 (2017)
On wormholes with arbitrarily small quantities of exotic matter
Creators: name: Fewster, C. J.
name: Roman, T. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently several models of traversable wormholes have been proposed which require only arbitrarily small amounts of negative energy to hold them open against self-collapse. If the exotic matter is assumed to be provided by quantum fields, then quantum inequalities can be used to place constraints on the negative energy densities required. In this paper, we introduce an alternative method for obtaining constraints on wormhole geometries, using a recently derived quantum inequality bound on the null-contracted stress-energy averaged over a timelike worldline. The bound allows us to perform a simplified analysis of general wormhole models, not just those with small quantities of exotic matter. We then use it to study, in particular, the models of Visser, Kar, and Dadhich (VKD) and the models of Kuhfittig. The VKD models are constrained to be either submicroscopic or to have a large discrepancy between throat size and curvature radius. A recent model of Kuhfittig is shown to be non-traversable. This is due to the fact that the throat of his wormhole flares outward so slowly that light rays and particles, starting from outside the throat, require an infinite lapse of affine parameter to reach the throat.
description: 30 pages, 2 figures
Structure of and E2 transition in $^{16}$C in a $^{14}$C+n+n model
Creators: name: Horiuchi, W.
name: Suzuki, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A three-body model of $^{14}$C+n+n is applied to study the energy spectrum and the hindered $E$2 transition in $^{16}$C. A realistic two-nucleon potential is used for the valence neutrons. Both spin singlet and triplet components for the neutrons are taken into account. The three-body problem with a Pauli constraint is solved in a stochastic variational method. For the n-$^{14}$C potential chosen to reproduce the properties of $^{15}$C, the low-lying energy spectrum agrees reasonably well with experiment, but the ground state is predicted to be about 1 MeV high. The calculated $B(E2$; $2_1^+ \to 0^+_1)$ value is about twice the measured value if the polarization charge of the valence neutrons is taken to be the same as that required to fit the $^{15}$C data. The correlated motion of the valence neutrons is displayed through the two-neutron density distribution.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, To be published in Physical Review C
Computation and data driven discovery of topological phononic materials
Creators: name: Li, Jiangxu
name: Liu, Jiaxi
name: Baronett, Stanley A.
name: Li, Ronghan
name: Wang, Lei
name: Zhu, Qiang
name: Chen, Xing-Qiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of topological quantum states marks a new chapter in both condensed matter physics and materials sciences. By analogy to spin electronic system, topological concepts have been extended into phonons, boosting the birth of topological phononics (TPs). Here, we present a high-throughput screening and data-driven approach to compute and evaluate TPs among over 10,000 materials. We have clarified 5014 TP materials and classified them into single Weyl, high degenerate Weyl, and nodal-line (ring) TPs. Among them, three representative cases of TPs have been discussed in detail. Furthermore, we suggest 322 TP materials with potential clean nontrivial surface states, which are favorable for experimental characterizations. This work significantly increases the current library of TP materials, which enables an in-depth investigation of their structure-property relations and opens new avenues for future device design related to TPs.
description: Maintext: 7 pages and 4 figures; Supplementary Materials: 14,246 pages, 5100 supplementary figures and 11,782 supplementary tables
The Casimir effect for thin plasma sheets and the role of the surface plasmons
Creators: name: Bordag, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Casimir force betweeen two dielectric bodies described by the plasma model and between two infinitely thin plasma sheets. In both cases in addition to the photon modes surface plasmons are present in the spectrum of the electromagnetic field. We investigate the contribution of both types of modes to the Casimir force and confirm resp. find in both models large compensations between the plasmon modes themselves and between them and the photon modes especially at large distances. Our conclusion is that the separation of the vacuum energy into plasmon and photon contributions must be handled with care except for the case of small separations.
description: submitted to JPhysA Special Issue QFEXT'05, replaced due to a wrong Latex command
Optimizing Protein Characterization using Machine Learning-Guided Mass Spectrometry
Creators: name: Pelletier, Alexander
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020
Subjects: bioinformatics
proteomics
machine learning
protein identification
real-time mass spectrometry analaysis

description: Mass spectrometry-based proteomics excels at high-throughput identification of proteins expressed in complex biological samples. However, the technology struggles to identify low abundance proteins due to large amounts of redundant data acquired for high abundance proteins with little collected for low abundance proteins. To improve the identification sensitivity of these proteins, I designed a machine learning classifier that assesses protein identification confidence on-the-fly, during mass spectrometry analysis. Proteins deemed confidently identified are excluded from further analysis, saving mass spectrometry resources for lower abundance proteins. Simulating data from a HEK293 cell lysate mass spectrometry analysis, our algorithm uses 16.2% - 66.2% fewer mass spectrometry resources with a 2.6% - 39.5% drop in protein identifications. When applied to live mass spectrometry experiments, these saved resources will likely improve the overall protein identification sensitivity of the experiment, particularly for lower abundance proteins, and will therefore provide a better understanding of the cell’s biology.
Kaehler Manifolds of Quasi-Constant Holomorphic Sectional Curvatures
Creators: name: Ganchev, Georgi
name: Mihova, Vesselka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53B35; 53C55

description: The Kaehler manifolds of quasi-constant holomorphic sectional curvatures are introduced as Kaehler manifolds with complex distribution of codimension two, whose holomorphic sectional curvature only depends on the corresponding point and the geometric angle, associated with the section. A curvature identity characterizing such manifolds is found. The biconformal group of transformations whose elements transform Kaehler metrics into Kaehler ones is introduced and biconformal tensor invariants are obtained. This makes it possible to classify the manifolds under consideration locally. The class of locally biconformal flat Kaehler metrics is shown to be exactly the class of Kaehler metrics whose potential function is only a function of the distance from the origin in complex Euclidean space. Finally we show that any rotational even dimensional hypersurface carries locally a natural Kaehler structure, which is of quasi-constant holomorphic sectional curvatures.
description: 36 pages
Essays in environmental regulation and international trade
Creators: name: Bruneau, Joel Francis
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis is composed of three essays. In the first essay I identify the effects of imposing a broad range of environmental regulations under different market conditions.. I compare four types of regulatory controls under Perfect Competition, Monopoly, and Cournot Competition: Emission Standards, Design Standards, Concentration Standards, and Output Standards. I rank each of the standards in terms of firm profitability, industry output, abatement costs, and social welfare. I derive sufficient conditions for Design, or Concentration Standards, to dominate Emission Standards. I show how the different forms of regulation can raise industry profits by reducing the degree of inter-firm competition. Further, I show how environmental regulations can enhance competition and yield a "double dividend": higher Social Surplus and less pollution. In the second essay I extend the comparison of standards to an open country. I show how a country's choice of regulatory regime influences the level of environmental protection when governments care about the competitiveness of their industries. I show that the mode of regulation can create a "race to the bottom" if regulators behave strategically. I show that Emission Standards permit the race, as do Emission Charges. Design Standards, on the other hand, avoid the race altogether by breaking the link between environmental stringency and industrial competitiveness. Countries using Design Standards will always regulate emissions. This holds regardless of the environmental stance taken by competitor nations. If countries do not behave strategically, then Emission Standards and Emission Charges always dominate Design Standards. In the third essay I use the concept of home biases in traded goods, or "Border Effects", to rank industries and countries in terms of their openness to trade. I first confirm the presence border effects for individual sectors and individual industries among OECD countries for 1970 to 1985. I also examine whether country-specific border effects are determined by the sectoral composition of a country's production. I find limited evidence to support this. Rather, per capita incomes appear to be the most important factor. The conclusion I draw is that the level of development appears to be the prime factor in explaining the differences in country-specific border effects. What countries produce is of some importance. Therefore, we should see continued, though possibly slow, reductions in home biases as all countries continue to develop. This will partially determine the kind of environmental regulation used as well as their level.
Additional file 1 of Opportunities to enhance ward audit: a multi-site qualitative study
Creators: name: Sykes, Michael
name: Thomson, Richard
name: Kolehmainen, Niina
name: Allan, Louise
name: Finch, Tracy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Appendix A: The study sample (Note: Titles standardised in order to maintain anonymity).
The phase transition of the diffusive pair contact process revisited
Creators: name: Hinrichsen, Haye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The restricted diffusive pair contact process 2A->3A, 2A->0 (PCPD) and the classification of its critical behavior continues to be a challenging open problem of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Recently Kockelkoren and Chate [Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 125701 (2003)] suggested that the PCPD in one spatial dimension represents a genuine universality class of non-equilibrium phase transitions which differs from previously known classes. To this end they introduced an efficient lattice model in which the number of particles per site is unrestricted. In numerical simulations this model displayed clean power laws, indicating ordinary critical behavior associated with certain non-trivial critical exponents. In the present work, however, we arrive at a different conclusion. Increasing the numerical effort, we find a slow drift of the effective exponents which is of the same type as observed in previously studied fermionic realizations. Analyzing this drift we discuss the possibility that the asymptotic critical behavior of the PCPD may be governed by an ordinary directed percolation fixed point.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Neural ODE and Holographic QCD
Creators: name: Hashimoto, Koji
name: Hu, Hong-Ye
name: You, Yi-Zhuang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neural ordinary differential equation (Neural ODE) is a novel machine learning architecture whose weights are smooth functions of the continuous depth. We apply the Neural ODE to holographic QCD by regarding the weight functions as a bulk metric, and train the machine with lattice QCD data of chiral condensate at finite temperature. The machine finds consistent bulk geometry at various values of temperature and discovers the emergent black hole horizon in the holographic bulk automatically. The holographic Wilson loops calculated with the emergent machine-learned bulk spacetime have consistent temperature dependence of confinement and Debye-screening behavior. In machine learning models with physically interpretable weights, the Neural ODE frees us from discretization artifact leading to difficult ingenuity of hyperparameters, and improves numerical accuracy to make the model more trustworthy.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Policy Considerations on the Interplay Between State Aid Control and Competition Law
Creators: name: Melícias, Maria João
Publisher: name: Market and Competition Law Review
Year: 2017

description: Under the broad topic of the interplay between state aid and competition law, this article addresses the following related lines of discussion: (i) the goals and some of the political rationales of state aid control; (ii) a brief illustration of some of the harm caused by state aid, including a distinction between its anticompetitive and distortive effects; (iii) a description of the Portuguese legal and institutional framework on domestic state aid, including the underlying rationale for this institutional design; (iv) an assessment of the policy concerns that a scenario whereby the AdC would hold full-fledged enforcement powers against state aid might raise, and, finally (v) the competition advocacy role played by the AdC in relation to state-induced competition distortions, such as state aid or subsidies. The article concludes by putting into context the references included in recent EU policy statements on the importance of “fair competition” or “equitable markets” and recalls the need to avoid that similar standards contaminate antitrust enforcement or merger control, given the risks that “mixed” policy objectives in those domains might entail. It signals, in any event, the virtues of this new found rhetoric: the fact that it helps to engage the common citizen on the importance of competition. Such popular, less technocratic approach can be instrumental in bringing competition enforcement “down to earth”.
description: Market and Competition Law Review, v. 1 n. 2 (2017)
Additional file 2 of Opportunities to enhance ward audit: a multi-site qualitative study
Creators: name: Sykes, Michael
name: Thomson, Richard
name: Kolehmainen, Niina
name: Allan, Louise
name: Finch, Tracy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 2: Appendix B: Interview topic guide v3.
Network structure of thermonuclear reactions in nuclear landscape
Creators: name: Liu, H. L.
name: Han, D. D.
name: Ma, Y. G.
name: Zhu, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nucleosynthesis is a complex process in astro-nuclear evolution. In this work, we construct a directed multi-layer nuclear reaction network using the substrate-product method from a thermonuclear reaction database, JINA REACLIB. The network contains four layers, namely $n$-, $p$-, $h$- and $r$, corresponding to the reaction types involved in neutrons, protons, $^4$He and the remainder, respectively. The degree values (i.e. numbers of reactions) for three layers of n-, p- and h- have a significant correlation with one another, and their topological structures exhibit a similar regularity. However, the $r$-layer has a more complex topological structure than others and has less correlation with the other three layers. A software package named `mfinder' is employed to analyze the motif structure of the nuclear reaction network. We thus identify the most frequent reaction patterns of interconnections occurring among different nuclides. This work provides a novel approach to study the nuclear reaction network prevailing in the astrophysical context.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
State Aids and Tax rulings: an assessment of the Commission’s recent decisional practice
Creators: name: Arena, Amedeo
Publisher: name: Market and Competition Law Review
Year: 2019

description: Tax rulings are binging decisions that taxpayers may seek from tax authorities to determine in advance how certain transactions will be treated fiscally. However, tax rulings can have an “alternative use”: that of granting a particularly advantageous fiscal treatment to specific taxpayers, typically large multinational groups willing to invest and create jobs in the tax jurisdiction concerned, without extending it to other taxpayers and without triggering a tax war with other jurisdictions. This article focuses on the European Commission’s enforcement of State aids rules against certain EU Member States in respect of tax rulings issue to a number of multinational companies. After a brief account of the economic rationale for tax rulings and their potential relevance in the context of EU tax competition, the article provides an overview of the Commission’s individual and general measures designed to attract multinational investors in return for significant fiscal advantages. The central part of the article provides an analytical assessment of the Commission’s on-going and closed proceedings on tax ruling practices, having regard to the four constituent elements of the notion of State aid. Regard is then had to the peculiar challenges involved with recovery of State aids granted in the form of tax rulings and, finally, to the systemic implications of the Commission’s initiatives for the division of competences between the EU and its Member States and for the establishment of a fiscal union.
description: Market and Competition Law Review, v. 1 n. 1 (2017)
k-hyponormality of multivariable weighted shifts
Creators: name: Curto, Raul E.
name: Lee, Sang Hoon
name: Yoon, Jasang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47B20, 47B37, 47A13, 28A50

description: We characterize joint k-hyponormality for 2-variable weighted shifts. Using this characterization we construct a family of examples which establishes and illustrates the gap between k-hyponormality and (k+1)-hyponormality for each k>=1. As a consequence, we obtain an abstract solution to the Lifting Problem for Commuting Subnormals.
description: 13 pages; to appear in J. Funct. Anal
Additional file 4 of Opportunities to enhance ward audit: a multi-site qualitative study
Creators: name: Sykes, Michael
name: Thomson, Richard
name: Kolehmainen, Niina
name: Allan, Louise
name: Finch, Tracy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 4: Appendix D: A diagrammatic representation of study data sources.
Reinforcement Learning Based Temporal Logic Control with Maximum Probabilistic Satisfaction
Creators: name: Cai, Mingyu
name: Xiao, Shaoping
name: Li, Baoluo
name: Li, Zhiliang
name: Kan, Zhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper presents a model-free reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to synthesize a control policy that maximizes the satisfaction probability of linear temporal logic (LTL) specifications. Due to the consideration of environment and motion uncertainties, we model the robot motion as a probabilistic labeled Markov decision process with unknown transition probabilities and unknown probabilistic label functions. The LTL task specification is converted to a limit deterministic generalized Büchi automaton (LDGBA) with several accepting sets to maintain dense rewards during learning. The novelty of applying LDGBA is to construct an embedded LDGBA (E-LDGBA) by designing a synchronous tracking-frontier function, which enables the record of non-visited accepting sets without increasing dimensional and computational complexity. With appropriate dependent reward and discount functions, rigorous analysis shows that any method that optimizes the expected discount return of the RL-based approach is guaranteed to find the optimal policy that maximizes the satisfaction probability of the LTL specifications. A model-free RL-based motion planning strategy is developed to generate the optimal policy in this paper. The effectiveness of the RL-based control synthesis is demonstrated via simulation and experimental results.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2109.02791
WHY IS U.S. POVERTY HIGHER IN NONMETROPOLITAN THAN METROPOLITAN AREAS? EVIDENCE FROM THE PANEL STUDY OF INCOME DYNAMICS
Creators: name: Fisher, Monica G.
name: Fisher, Monica G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: rural
subject: poverty
subject: residential mobility
subject: omitted variable bias

description: In the United States, low-income people are not evenly distributed across the rural-urban landscape. Does this phenomenon partly reflect that people who "choose" to live in rural areas have unmeasured attributes related to poverty? To address this question, I use data from nine waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to track economic well-being and rural/urban residential choice among a sample of 6,461 householders. A series of multivariate regression models are estimated in which the dependent variable is a householder's income to need and explanatory variables are individual attributes and place-level factors, including whether the county of residence is nonmetropolitan (nonmetro). First I estimate an ordinary least squares (OLS) model which excludes educational attainment variables. I then estimate an OLS model with controls for education. Finally, I estimate an individual fixed-effects regression model that controls for observed education and unobserved income capacity. I find that the effect on income to need of living in a nonmetro area is reduced substantially as more stringent controls for individual heterogeneity are implemented. Specifically, the first regression shows that nonmetro householders have income to need that is 26 percent lower than metro householders. The fixed-effects specification, by contrast, indicates a rural-urban gap in economic well-being of only 7 percent. Taken together, results suggest that one explanation for the higher incidence of poverty in rural than urban areas is that people with personal attributes associated with having low income tend to sort themselves into rural places.
Additional file 3 of Opportunities to enhance ward audit: a multi-site qualitative study
Creators: name: Sykes, Michael
name: Thomson, Richard
name: Kolehmainen, Niina
name: Allan, Louise
name: Finch, Tracy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 3: Appendix C: Example interview diagram.
LineStacker: A spectral line stacking tool for interferometric data
Creators: name: Jolly, Jean-Baptiste
name: Knudsen, Kirsten K.
name: Stanley, Flora
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: LineStacker is a new open access and open source tool for stacking of spectral lines in interferometric data. LineStacker is an ensemble of CASA tasks, and can stack both 3D cubes or already extracted spectra. The algorithm is tested on increasingly complex simulated data sets, mimicking Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array observations of [CII] and CO(3-2) emission lines, from $z\sim7$ and $z\sim4$ galaxies respectively. We find that the algorithm is very robust, successfully retrieving the input parameters of the stacked lines in all cases with an accuracy $\gtrsim90$\%. However, we distinguish some specific situations showcasing the intrinsic limitations of the method. Mainly that high uncertainties on the redshifts ($Δz > 0.01$) can lead to poor signal to noise ratio improvement, due to lines being stacked on shifted central frequencies. Additionally we give an extensive description of the embedded statistical tools included in LineStacker: mainly bootstrapping, rebinning and subsampling. Velocity rebinning {is applied on the data before stacking and} proves necessary when studying line profiles, in order to avoid artificial spectral features in the stack. Subsampling is useful to sort the stacked sources, allowing to find a subsample maximizing the searched parameters, while bootstrapping allows to detect inhomogeneities in the stacked sample. LineStacker is a useful tool for extracting the most from spectral observations of various types.
description: Resubmitted to MNRAS after referee report
Magnetic field effects in peripheral heavy-ion collisions around 1 GeV/nucleon
Creators: name: Deng, X. G.
name: Ma, Y. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic field effects on free nucleons are studied in peripheral collisions of $^{197}$Au + $^{197}$Au at energies ranging from 600 to 1500 MeV/nucleon by utilizing an isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) model. With the help of angular distributions and two-particle angular correlators, the magnetic field effect at an impact parameter of 11 fm is found to be more obvious than at an impact parameter of 8 fm. Moreover, the results suggest that with an increase in the number of peripheral collisions, protons are more easily condensed with the magnetic field. Magnetic field effects are further investigated by the ratio of free neutrons to free protons as functions of a two-particle correlator $C_{2}$, four-particle correlator $C_{4}$ and six-particle correlator $C_{6}$ of angle $ϕ$, rapidity $Y$ and transverse momentum $p_{T}$. The results show that weak magnetic field effects could be revealed more clearly by these multiple-particle correlators, with the larger number of particle correlators demonstrating a clear signal. The results highlight a new method to search for weak signals using multi-particle correlators.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
A Different Path to the Same Old Question: Why Should Cartels be Criminalised?
Creators: name: Marques, Nuno Castro
Publisher: name: Market and Competition Law Review
Year: 2017

description: Regardless of the extreme negative qualifications usually attributed to cartels and bid rigging, EU and Portuguese competition laws do not set them apart from other anticompetitive practices regarding the possible applicable sanctions. EU and Portuguese competition laws establish the same potential sanctions for all competition infringements. Despite that, there are clear indications that EU and Portuguese legislators intend to treat cartels differently from all other competition infringements. Despite that, there are clear indications that EU and Portuguese legislators intend to treat cartels differently from all other competition infringements, but those differences have essentially to do with rules or procedures designed to facilitate their detection, production of evidence and decision-making. Notwithstanding the relevance of the “traditional” arguments regarding cartel criminalization, we consider that the discussion is still incomplete and would benefit from the inclusion of an additional “filter”. As it is a discussion about a criminalization process, the use of common instruments in criminology can shed more light into the question, and one of those instruments – or the most important one – is the analysis of the legal interests protected by the norm. We deem it essential to think about what legal interests are harmed in each of the different types of competition infringements, so as to conclude if indeed and to what extent cartels and bid rigging are capable of impairing more or different legal interests, or in a different intensity, than those potentially violated by other types of competition infringements. The conclusion is that cartel and bid rigging conducts always infringe the entire set of legal interests that is or may be defended by competition laws and always do so with high intensity.
description: Market and Competition Law Review, v. 1 n. 2 (2017)