cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Investigation of spin scattering mechanism in silicon channels of Fe/MgO/Si lateral spin valves
Creators: name: Lee, Soobeom
name: Yamashita, Naoto
name: Ando, Yuichiro
name: Miwa, Shinji
name: Suzuki, Yoshishige
name: Koike, Hayato
name: Shiraishi, Masashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temperature evolution of spin relaxation time, τsf, in degenerate silicon (Si)-based lateral spin valves is investigated by means of the Hanle effect measurements. τsf at 300 K is estimated to be 1.68+-0.03 ns and monotonically increased with decreasing temperature down to 100 K. Below 100 K, in contrast, it shows almost a constant value of ca. 5 ns. The temperature dependence of the conductivity of the Si channel shows a similar behavior to that of the τsf, i.e., monotonically increasing with decreasing temperature down to 100 K and a weak temperature dependence below 100 K. The temperature evolution of conductivity reveals that electron scattering due to magnetic impurities is negligible. A comparison between τsf and momentum scattering time reveals that the dominant spin scattering mechanism in the Si is the Elliott-Yafet mechanism, and the ratio of the momentum scattering time to the τsf attributed to nonmagnetic impurities is approximately 3.77*10^-6, which is more than two orders of magnitude smaller than that of copper.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures (to appear in Applied Physics Letters)
Evaluation of digital Brix refractometry in assessing maternal colostrum quality and transfer of passive immunity in beef cattle
Creators: name: Windeyer, M. C.
name: Homerosky, E.
name: Grover, M.
name: Murray, C.
name: Pajor, E. A.
name: Lewis, R.
name: Haines, D.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 2015

description: Newborn calves depend on passive immunity acquired by the timely ingestion of colostrum containing adequate concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG). Failed transfer of passive immunity (FTP) in calves is defined as serum IgG concentrations <10 g/L, measured between 1 and 7 days after birth. It is estimated that up to 27% of beef calves suffer from FTP, which can affect calf health, survival, and growth. In contrast to dairy calves that are typically hand-fed prescribed volumes of colostrum, beef calves ideally suck from their dam and do not need human intervention. This requires the calf to be vigorous, the cow to allow the calf to suckle, and the colostrum to be of sufficient quality and quantity. However, beef producers rarely know the quality or quantity of colostrum available to, or consumed by, the calves in their care. Although measuring the volume of colostrum is not generally feasible for beef producers, there are on-farm tools available to estimate IgG concentration. Optical and digital refractometers are widely used to evaluate colostrum and serum of dairy cattle. However, there is minimal published research evaluating these tools in beef cattle. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of the Brix refractometer for estimating quality of maternal colostrum and levels of passive immunity acquired by commercial beef calves.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2015
Temperature-transferable tight-binding model using a hybrid-orbital basis
Creators: name: Schwade, Martin
name: Schilcher, Maximilian J.
name: Baecker, Christian Reverón
name: Grumet, Manuel
name: Egger, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finite-temperature calculations are relevant for rationalizing material properties yet they are computationally expensive because large system sizes or long simulation times are typically required. Circumventing the need for performing many explicit first-principles calculations, tight-binding and machine-learning models for the electronic structure emerged as promising alternatives, but transferability of such methods to elevated temperatures in a data-efficient way remains a great challenge. In this work, we suggest a tight-binding model for efficient and accurate calculations of temperature-dependent properties of semiconductors. Our approach utilizes physics-informed modeling of the electronic structure in form of hybrid-orbital basis functions and numerically integrating atomic orbitals for the distance dependence of matrix elements. We show that these design choices lead to a tight-binding model with a minimal amount of parameters which are straightforwardly optimized using density functional theory or alternative electronic-structure methods. Temperature-transferability of our model is tested by applying it to existing molecular-dynamics trajectories without explicitly fitting temperature-dependent data and comparison to density functional theory. We utilize it together with machine-learning molecular dynamics and hybrid density functional theory for the prototypical semiconductor gallium arsenide. We find that including the effects of thermal expansion on the onsite terms of the tight-binding model is important in order to accurately describe electronic properties at elevated temperatures in comparison to experiment.
Parabolic Omori-Yau maximum principle for mean curvature flow and some applications
Creators: name: Ma, John Man Shun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We derive a parabolic version of Omori-Yau maximum principle for a proper mean curvature flow when the ambient space has lower bound on $\ell$-sectional curvature. We apply this to show that the image of Gauss map is preserved under a proper mean curvature flow in euclidean spaces with uniform bounded second fundamental forms. This generalizes the result of Wang \cite{Wang} for compact immersions. We also prove a Omori-Yau maximum principle for properly immersed self-shrinkers, which improves a result in \cite{CJQ}.
An assessment of two measuring devices for estimation of body weight in newborn beef and dairy calves
Creators: name: Windeyer, M. C.
name: Palmer, C. W.
name: Homerosky, E.
name: Murray, C.
name: Major, E. A.
name: Kwong, K. P. S.
name: Stookey, J.
name: Campbell, J.
name: Leslie, K. E.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 2015

description: Calf birth weight is an important factor that can impact cow and calf health as well as performance on beef, dairy, and veal operations. Methods of estimating weight on-farm without the use of a scale have been developed, the most common of which are measuring tapes that determine the circumference around either the fetlock or girth of a calf. Despite the potential utility of these devices, there is a paucity of peer-reviewed research that evaluates their accuracy. Furthermore, many of the previous studies have not used appropriate statistical methodology to assess the agreement between 2 continuous measures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agreement of commonly-used measuring devices with actual body weight of neonatal beef and dairy calves.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2015
Current feedlot cattle health and well-being program recommendations in the United States and Canada
Creators: name: Lee, T. L.
name: Terrell, S. P.
name: Bartle, S. J.
name: Reinhardt, C. D.
name: Apley, M. D.
name: Thomson, D. U.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 2015

description: Veterinary consultants routinely give recommendations to feedlot employees and managers on all areas of cattle health and well-being. Recommendations are made based on veterinarians’ field experience and review of peer-reviewed literature. However, there is little data available about how the literature is merged with field experience and the actual recommendations given by consulting veterinarians to feedlot employees and managers. A survey conducted by Vasconcelos and Galyean (2007) reported baseline recommendations of select feedlot nutritionists in the United States. This survey is to be repeated every 4 to 5 years, as changes in recommendations can be useful in determining areas in nutritional practices that warrant further research. A similar study was conducted for feedlot veterinary recommendations in 2009 to establish a baseline for recommendations of feedlot veterinary consultants in the United States and Canada. The objective of the current survey was to report specific recommendations currently made by feedlot consulting veterinarians and to compare the current recommended practices to those recommended in the survey conducted 5 years ago.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2015
First millimeter detection of the disk around a young, isolated, planetary-mass object
Creators: name: Bayo, Amelia
name: Joergens, Viki
name: Liu, Yao
name: Brauer, Robert
name: Olofsson, Johan
name: Arancibia, Javier
name: Pinilla, Paola
name: Wolf, Sebastian
name: Ruge, Jan Philipp
name: Henning, Thomas
name: Natta, Antonella
name: Johnston, Katharine G.
name: Bonnefoy, Mickael
name: Beuther, Henrik
name: Chauvin, Gael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: OTS44 is one of only four free-floating planets known to have a disk. We have previously shown that it is the coolest and least massive known free-floating planet ($\sim$12 M$_{\rm Jup}$) with a substantial disk that is actively accreting. We have obtained Band 6 (233 GHz) ALMA continuum data of this very young disk-bearing object. The data shows a clear unresolved detection of the source. We obtained disk-mass estimates via empirical correlations derived for young, higher-mass, central (substellar) objects. The range of values obtained are between 0.07 and 0.63 M$_{\oplus}$ (dust masses). We compare the properties of this unique disk with those recently reported around higher-mass (brown dwarfs) young objects in order to infer constraints on its mechanism of formation. While extreme assumptions on dust temperature yield disk-mass values that could slightly diverge from the general trends found for more massive brown dwarfs, a range of sensible values provide disk masses compatible with a unique scaling relation between $M_{\rm dust}$ and $M_{*}$ through the substellar domain down to planetary masses.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Effect of vaginal temperature on behavior patterns of Mannheimia haemolytico challenged beef heifer calves
Creators: name: Abell, K. M.
name: Theurer, M. E.
name: Larson, R. L.
name: Mosier, D. A.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 2015

description: Behavior is one criteria that can be used to identify sick animals, but the relationship between behavior and body temperature changes are not well-defined. The objective of this project was to evaluate associations between vaginal temperature and behavior in beef heifers challenged with Mannheimia haemolytica.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2015
Search for a neutron dark decay in $^6$He
Creators: name: Joubioux, M. Le
name: Savajols, H.
name: Mittig, W.
name: Fléchard, X.
name: Hayen, L.
name: Penionzhkevich, Yu. E.
name: Ackermann, D.
name: Borcea, C.
name: Caceres, L.
name: Delahaye, P.
name: Didierjean, F.
name: Franchoo, S.
name: Grillet, A.
name: Jacquot, B.
name: Lebois, M.
name: Ledoux, X.
name: Lecesne, N.
name: Liénard, E.
name: Lukyanov, S.
name: Naviliat-Cuncic, O.
name: Piot, J.
name: Singh, A.
name: Smirnov, V.
name: Stodel, C.
name: Testov, D.
name: Thomas, J. C.
name: Verney, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron dark decays have been suggested as a solution to the discrepancy between bottle and beam experiments, providing a dark matter candidate that can be searched for in halo nuclei. The free neutron in the final state following the decay of $^6$He into $^4$He $+$ $n$ + $χ$ provides an exceptionally clean detection signature when combined with a high efficiency neutron detector. Using a high-intensity $^6$He$^+$ beam at GANIL, a search for a coincident neutron signal resulted in an upper limit on a dark decay branching ratio of Br$_χ\leq 4.0\times10^{-10}$ (95\% C.L.). Using the dark neutron decay model proposed originally by Fornal and Grinstein, we translate this into an upper bound on a dark neutron branching ratio of $\mathcal{O}(10^{-5})$, improving over global constraints by one to several orders of magnitude depending on $m_χ$.
Modulation of the acute phase and metabolic response in feedlot steers supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies boulardii CNCM 1-1079
Creators: name: Buntyn, J. O.
name: Carroll, J. A
name: Chevaux, E.
name: Barling, K.
name: Sieren, S. E.
name: Schmidt, T. B.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 2015

description: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) has a devastating economic impact on the beef industry. The annual estimated cost of BRD is well over $600 million. A possible way to mitigate the devastating effects of BRD is the supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The supplementation of yeast has the potential to offset the impact of BRD due to its ability to alter the innate immune response, directly interact with pathogenic bacteria within the GIT tract, and/or through alteration of ruminant metabolism. To further evaluate yeast supplementation as a means to improve health, performance, and immunity in cattle, a receiving and immune challenge study was conducted to evaluate the effects of active dry yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies boulardii CNCM 1-1079 (SC; Lallemand, Inc.), in feedlot steers.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2015
Rise and fall of the dust shell of the classical nova V339 Delphini
Creators: name: Evans, A.
name: Banerjee, D. P. K.
name: Gehrz, R. D.
name: Joshi, V.
name: Ashok, N. M.
name: Ribeiro, V. A. R. M.
name: Darnley, M. J.
name: Woodward, C. E.
name: Sand, D.
name: Marion, G. H.
name: Diamond, T. R.
name: Eyres, S. P. S.
name: Wagner, R. M.
name: Helton, L. A.
name: Starrfield, S.
name: Shenoy, D. P.
name: Krautter, J.
name: Vacca, W. D.
name: Rushton, M. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present infrared spectroscopy of the classical nova V339 Delphini, obtained over a $\sim2$ year period. The infrared emission lines were initially symmetrical, with HWHM velocities of 525 km s$^{-1}$. In later ($t\gtrsim77$days, where $t$ is the time from outburst) spectra however, the lines displayed a distinct asymmetry, with a much stronger blue wing, possibly due to obscuration of the receding component by dust. Dust formation commenced at $\sim$ day 34.75 at a condensation temperature of $1480\pm20$K, consistent with graphitic carbon. Thereafter the dust temperature declined with time as $T_{\rm d}\propto{t}^{-0.346}$, also consistent with graphitic carbon. The mass of dust initally rose, as a result of an increase in grain size and/or number, peaked at $\sim$ day 100, and then declined precipitously. This decline was most likely caused by grain shattering due to electrostatic stress after the dust was exposed to X-radiation. An Appendix summarises Planck Means for carbon, and the determination of grain mass and radius for a carbon dust shell.
description: Accepted by MNRAS on 19 December 2016. 19 pages
Track Everything: Limiting Prior Knowledge in Online Multi-Object Recognition
Creators: name: Wong, Sebastien C.
name: Stamatescu, Victor
name: Gatt, Adam
name: Kearney, David
name: Lee, Ivan
name: McDonnell, Mark D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.8

description: This paper addresses the problem of online tracking and classification of multiple objects in an image sequence. Our proposed solution is to first track all objects in the scene without relying on object-specific prior knowledge, which in other systems can take the form of hand-crafted features or user-based track initialization. We then classify the tracked objects with a fast-learning image classifier that is based on a shallow convolutional neural network architecture and demonstrate that object recognition improves when this is combined with object state information from the tracking algorithm. We argue that by transferring the use of prior knowledge from the detection and tracking stages to the classification stage we can design a robust, general purpose object recognition system with the ability to detect and track a variety of object types. We describe our biologically inspired implementation, which adaptively learns the shape and motion of tracked objects, and apply it to the Neovision2 Tower benchmark data set, which contains multiple object types. An experimental evaluation demonstrates that our approach is competitive with state-of-the-art video object recognition systems that do make use of object-specific prior knowledge in detection and tracking, while providing additional practical advantages by virtue of its generality.
description: 15 pages
Food Imports in Malawi: Trends, Drivers, and Policy Implications
Creators: name: Munthali, Maggie
name: Nyondo, Christone
name: Muyanga, Milu
name: Chimatiro, Sloans
name: Chaweza, Regson
name: Chiwaula, Levison
name: Mwalwanda, Twika
name: Zhuwao, Francis
name: Munthali, Maggie
name: Nyondo, Christone
name: Muyanga, Milu
name: Chimatiro, Sloans
name: Chaweza, Regson
name: Chiwaula, Levison
name: Mwalwanda, Twika
name: Zhuwao, Francis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Development
International Relations/Trade

description: Malawi has huge agricultural potential but, Malawi's food demand outpaces domestic production, making the nation a heavy net food importer. Drawing on several data sources, this paper provides an in-depth analysis of food import trends and their drivers, and explores policy options for shifting the trade balance.
Deep vs. moderate neuromuscular blockade during laparoscopic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Kim, Won Ho
name: Park, Sun-Kyung
name: SOn, Young Gon
name: Seokha Yoo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 110301 Anaesthesiology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: This is a protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis entitled with "deep vs. moderate neuromuscular blockade during laparoscopic surgery".This protocol describes a plan of a systematic review on whether deep neuromuscular blockade during surgery improves the surgical working condition during laparoscopic surgery and decrease postoperative outcomes.
Is Patience a Virtue? Cosmic Censorship of Infrared Effects in de Sitter
Creators: name: Ferreira, Ricardo Z.
name: Sandora, McCullen
name: Sloth, Martin S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While the accumulation of long wavelength modes during inflation wreaks havoc on the large scale structure of spacetime, the question of even observability of their presence by any local observer has lead to considerable confusion. Though it is commonly agreed that infrared effects are not visible to a single sub-horizon observer at late times, we argue that the question is less trivial for a \emph{patient observer} who has lived long enough to have a record of the state before the soft mode was created. Though classically there is no obstruction to measuring this effect locally, we give several indications that quantum mechanical uncertainties censor the effect, rendering the observation of long modes ultimately forbidden.
description: 7 pages, awarded honorable mention in the 2017 Gravity Research Foundation Essays on Gravitation competition
Do leadership-dominated parties change more?
Creators: name: Schumacher, Gijs
name: Giger, Nathalie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: It is often assumed that political parties have more fluid party platforms than in the past because internal veto players – like party activists – have lost the power to restrain the office-seeking party elite. Several case studies subscribe to this view. However, there is no systematic assessment of this relationship. Using new data this research note investigates this relationship and finds a clear positive effect of leadership domination on party platform change. With leadership domination increasing over time, our model predicts increasing fluidity in party platforms. This note provides a motivational and a numerical argument in favor of this hypothesis, considers alternative hypotheses and provides empirical evidence for the claim using two different datasets.
Covalent Crosslinking of Porous Poly(Ionic Liquid) Membrane via a Triazine Network
Creators: name: Täuber, Karoline
name: Dani, Alessandro
name: Yuan, Jiayin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Porous poly(ionic liquid) membranes that were prepared via electrostatic cross-linking were subsequently covalently cross-linked via formation of a 1,3,5-triazine network. The additional covalent cross-links do not affect the pore size and pore size distribution of the membranes and stabilize them towards salt solutions of high ionic strength, enabling the membranes to work in a broader environmental window.
description: 10 pages, 14 figures
Air and surface temperatures differently drive terrestrial carbon and water cycles in the high latitudes
Creators: name: Jing, Tang
name: Chen, Shouzhi
name: Yongshuo, Fu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This code is based on LPJ-GUESS version 4.1 and added outputs at PFT and individual levels. 

Model setup and output is associated with a submitted manuscript titled "Air and surface temperatures differently drive terrestrial carbon and water cycles in the high latitudes"

All relevant information for LPJ-GUESS can be found on the model's website: https://web.nateko.lu.se/lpj-guess/. In this model, version 4.1 of LPJ-GUESS is used. Unless specifically aiming to reproduce results in the study referenced above, it is recommended to use the latest release of LPJ-GUESS, which includes the most recent developments and bug fixes. To obtain the latest release of LPJ-GUESS, understand how the version archived here relates to it and connect to the user community for the latest updates, please also refer to https://web.nateko.lu.se/lpj-guess/.
Medication use in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a commercially-insured population in the United States
Creators: name: Zhou, Zhou
name: Zhou, Zheng-Yi
name: Kelkar, Sneha S.
name: Sikirica, Vanja
name: Jipan Xie
name: Grebla, Regina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Objective: To examine real-world prescription medication usage among commercially-insured adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the US. Methods: Adults with ADHD who received ≥1 ADHD medication during 2013 were identified from a large US claims database. Combination therapy was defined as an overlap of ≥30 days between the index (first treatment ≥30 days in 2013) and another medication(s). Patients were classified into six groups: long-acting (LA) monotherapy, short-acting (SA) monotherapy, LA + LA, SA + SA, LA + SA, and >2 therapies. Analyses compared baseline characteristics by regimen, ranked combination regimens, and estimated daily average consumption (DACON) for monotherapy users. Results: Of 206,443 adults with ADHD (mean age = 32.9 years; 51.6% female), 56.9% used LA monotherapy, 30.7% SA monotherapy, and 12.5% used combination therapies (LA + SA: 10.3%; LA + LA: 1.3%; SA + SA: 0.4%; >2 therapies: 0.5%). Extended-release mixed amphetamine salts (MAS-XR, 39.2%) and lisdexamfetamine (LDX, 31.5%) were the most common LA monotherapies. Nearly all SA monotherapy patients received immediate-release mixed amphetamine salts (MAS-IR; 81.7%). The top three therapies among combination categories were: (a) LA + LA: branded MAS-XR + generic MAS-XR (13.7%), LDX + generic MAS-XR (10.8%), LDX + guanfacine ER (10.7%); (b) SA + SA: generic MAS-IR + clonidine IR (33.5%), generic MAS-IR + generic MPH SA (17.9%), branded MAS-IR + generic MAS-IR (11.1%); (c) LA + SA: generic MAS-XR+/-IR (39.2%), LDX + generic MAS-IR (16.7%), LA + SA generic MPH (12.6%). Among monotherapy users, DACON was 1.2 ± 0.6 (LA) and 2.1 ± 0.9 (SA) tablets. Conclusions: There is significant treatment heterogeneity among US adults with ADHD. A sizable proportion of patients received monotherapies at above the recommended dosages or combination therapies, suggesting existing single-tablet regimens may not meet patients’ needs.
title: Multiple Linear Cryptanalysis Using Linear Statistics
Creators: name: Lee, Jung-Keun
name: Kim, Woo-Hwan
Publisher: name: Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Year: 2020

description: We propose an improved and extended approach of the multiple linear cryptanalysis presented by A. Biryukov et al. at CRYPTO 2004 that exploits dominant and statistically independent linear trails. While they presented only rank based attacks with success probability 1, we present threshold based attacks as well as rank based ones using newly introduced statistic that is a linear combination of the component statistics for the trails and is an approximation of the LLR statistic. The rank based Algorithm 1 style attack yields the same estimate for the gain with Biryukov et al.’s Algorithm 1 style attack. For each of the threshold based Algorithm 1 style and Algorithm 2 style attacks, we provide a formula for its advantage in terms of the correlations of the trails, the data complexity, and the success probability in case the aimed success probability is not 1. Combining the threshold based attacks with the rank based ones, we get attacks each of which has better estimates for the advantage compared to the threshold based one in case the aimed success probability is close to 1. We then extend the methods to get a new framework of multiple linear attacks exploiting close-to-dominant linear trails that may not be statistically independent. We apply the methods to full DES and get linear attacks using 4 linear trails with about the same or better complexity compared to those presented at ASIACRYPT 2017 that use 4 additional trails. With data complexity less than 241, the attack has better complexity than existing attacks on DES.
description: IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology, Volume 2019, Issue 4
Medication use in adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a commercially-insured population in the United States
Creators: name: Zhou, Zhou
name: Zhou, Zheng-Yi
name: Kelkar, Sneha S.
name: Sikirica, Vanja
name: Jipan Xie
name: Grebla, Regina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Objective: To examine real-world prescription medication usage among commercially-insured adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the US. Methods: Adults with ADHD who received ≥1 ADHD medication during 2013 were identified from a large US claims database. Combination therapy was defined as overlap of ≥30 days between the index (first treatment ≥30 days in 2013) and another medication(s). Patients were classified into 6 groups: long-acting (LA) monotherapy, short-acting (SA) monotherapy, LA+LA, SA+SA, LA+SA, and >2 therapies. Analyses compared baseline characteristics by regimen, ranked combination regimens, and estimated daily average consumption (DACON) for monotherapy users. Results: Of 206,443 adults with ADHD (mean age 32.9 years; 51.6% female), 56.9% used LA monotherapy, 30.7% SA monotherapy, and 12.5% used combination therapies (LA+SA: 10.3%; LA+LA: 1.3%; SA+SA: 0.4%; >2 therapies: 0.5%). Extended-release mixed amphetamine salts (MAS-XR, 39.2%) and lisdexamfetamine (LDX, 31.5%) were the most common LA monotherapies. Nearly all SA monotherapy patients received immediate-release mixed amphetamine salts (MAS-IR; 81.7%). The top 3 therapies among combination categories were: a) LA+LA: branded MAS-XR+generic MAS-XR (13.7%), LDX+generic MAS-XR (10.8%), LDX+guanfacine ER (10.7%); b) SA+SA: generic MAS-IR+clonidine IR (33.5%), generic MAS-IR+generic MPH SA (17.9%), branded MAS-IR+generic MAS-IR (11.1%); c) LA+SA: generic MAS-XR+/-IR (39.2%), LDX+generic MAS-IR (16.7%), LA+SA generic MPH (12.6%). Among monotherapy users, DACON was 1.2±0.6 (LA) and 2.1±0.9 (SA) tablets. Conclusions: There is significant treatment heterogeneity among US adults with ADHD. A sizeable proportion of patients received monotherapies at above the recommended dosages or combination therapies, suggesting existing single-tablet regimens may not meet patients’ needs.
title: New Techniques for Searching Differential Trails in Keccak
Creators: name: Liu, Guozhen
name: Qiu, Weidong
name: Tu, Yi
Publisher: name: Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Year: 2020

description: Keccak-f is the permutation used in the NIST SHA-3 hash function standard. Inspired by the previous exhaustive differential trail search methods by Mella et al. at ToSC 2017, we introduce in this paper new algorithms to cover 3-round trail cores with propagation weight at least 53, up from the previous best weight 45. To achieve the goal, the concept of ideal improvement assumption is proposed to construct theoretical representative of subspaces so as to efficiently cover the search space of 3-round trail cores with at least one out-Kernel α state. Of particular note is that the exhaustiveness in 3-round trail core search of at least one out-Kernel α is only experimentally verified. With the knowledge of all 3-round trail cores of weight up to 53, lower bounds on 4/5/6-round trails are tightened to 56/58/108, from the previous 48/50/92, respectively.
description: IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology, Volume 2019, Issue 4
Shocks and Tides Quantified in the "Sausage" Cluster, CIZA J2242.8+5301, using N-body/hydro-dynamical Simulations
Creators: name: Molnar, Sandor M.
name: Broadhurst, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The colliding cluster, CIZA J2242.8+5301, displays a spectacular, almost 2 Mpc long shock front with a radio based Mach number M ~ 5, that is puzzlingly large compared with the X-ray estimate of M ~ 2.5. The extent to which the X-ray temperature jump is diluted by cooler unshocked gas projected through the cluster currently lacks quantification. Thus, here we apply our self-consistent N-body/hydro-dynamical code (based on FLASH) to model this binary cluster encounter. We can account for the location of the shock front and also the elongated X-ray emission by tidal stretching of the gas and dark matter between the two cluster centers. The required total mass is $8.9 \times 10^{14}$ Msun with a 1.3:1 mass ratio favoring the southern cluster component. The relative velocity we derive is $\simeq 2500$ km/s initially between the two main cluster components, with an impact parameter of 120 kpc. This solution implies that the shock temperature jump derived from the low angular resolution X-ray satellite SUZAKU is underestimated by a factor of two, due to cool gas in projection, bringing the observed X-ray and radio estimates into agreement. We propose that the complex southern relics in CIZA J2242.8+5301, have been broken up as the southerly moving "back" shocked gas impacts the gas still falling in along the collision axis. Finally, we use our model to generate Compton-y maps to estimate the reduction in radio flux caused by the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect. At 30 GHz, this amounts to $ΔS_n = -0.072$ mJy/arcmin$^2$ and $ΔS_s = -0.075$ mJy/arcmin$^2$ at the locations of the northern and southern shock fronts respectively. Our model estimate agrees with previous empirical estimates that have inferred the measured radio spectra can be significantly affected by the SZ effect, with implications for charged particle acceleration models of the radio relics.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures and 1 table, submitted to the Astrophysical Journal for publication on March 8
title: Improving the MILP-based Security Evaluation Algorithm against Differential/Linear Cryptanalysis Using A Divide-and-Conquer Approach
Creators: name: Zhou, Chunning
name: Zhang, Wentao
name: Ding, Tianyou
name: Xiang, Zejun
Publisher: name: Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Year: 2020

description: In recent years, Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) has been widely used in cryptanalysis of symmetric-key primitives. For differential and linear cryptanalysis, MILP can be used to solve two kinds of problems: calculation of the minimum number of differentially/linearly active S-boxes, and search for the best differential/linear characteristics. There are already numerous papers published in this area. However, the efficiency is not satisfactory enough for many symmetric-key primitives. In this paper, we greatly improve the efficiency of the MILP-based search algorithm for both problems. Each of the two problems for an r-round cipher can be converted to an MILP model whose feasible region is the set of all possible r-round differential/linear characteristics. Generally, high-probability differential/linear characteristics are likely to have a low number of active S-boxes at a certain round. Inspired by the idea of a divide-and-conquer approach, we divide the set of all possible differential/linear characteristics into several smaller subsets, then separately search them. That is to say, the search of the whole set is split into easier searches of smaller subsets, and optimal solutions within the smaller subsets are combined to give the optimal solution within the whole set. In addition, we use several techniques to further improve the efficiency of the search algorithm. As applications, we apply our search algorithm to five lightweight block ciphers: PRESENT, GIFT-64, RECTANGLE, LBLOCK and TWINE. For each cipher, we obtain better results than the best-known ones obtained from the MILP method. For the minimum number of differentially/linearly active S-boxes, we reach 31/31, 16/15, 16/16, 20/20 and 20/20 rounds for the five ciphers respectively. For the best differential/linear characteristics, we reach 18/18, 15/13, 15/14, 16/15 and 15/16 rounds for the five ciphers respectively.
description: IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology, Volume 2019, Issue 4
Invasion status of Florida bass Micropterus floridanus (Lesueur, 1822) in South Africa
Creators: name: OLF Weyl
name: MK Schirrmann
name: JS Hargrove
name: T Bodill
name: ER Swartz
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides are a popular North American angling species that was introduced into South Africa in 1928. To enhance the largemouth bass fisheries, Florida bass Micropterus floridanus were introduced into KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, in 1980. Knowledge on the status of M. floridanus in South Africa is required, because it lives longer and reaches larger sizes than M. salmoides, which may result in heightened impacts on native biota. Because M. floridanus are morphologically similar, but genetically distinct from M. salmoides, the distribution of this species was assessed by genetically screening 185 Micropterus sp. individuals sampled from 20 localities across South Africa using the mitochondrial ND2 gene. Individuals with mitochondrial DNA matching M. salmoides were recovered from 16 localities, whereas M. floridanus mitochondrial DNA was recovered from 13 localities. At nine localities (45%), the mitochondrial DNA of both species was detected. These results demonstrate M. floridanus dispersal to multiple sites across South Africa.
Classification of accidental band crossings and emergent semimetals in two-dimensional noncentrosymmetric systems
Creators: name: Park, Sungjoon
name: Yang, Bohm-Jung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We classify all possible gap-closing procedures which can be achieved in two-dimensional time-reversal invariant noncentrosymmetric systems. For exhaustive classification, we examine the space group symmetries of all 49 layer groups lacking inversion taking into account spin-orbit coupling. Although a direct transition between two insulators is generally predicted to occur when a band crossing happens at a general point in the Brillouin zone, we find that a variety of stable semimetal phases with point or line nodes can also arise due to the band crossing in the presence of additional crystalline symmetries. Through our theoretical study, we provide, for the first time, the complete list of nodal semimetals created by a band inversion in two-dimensional noncentrosymmetric systems with time-reversal invariance. The transition from an insulator to a nodal semimetal can be grouped into three classes depending on the crystalline symmetry. Firstly, in systems with a two-fold rotation about the z-axis (normal to the system), a band inversion at a generic point generates a two-dimensional Weyl semimetal with point nodes. Secondly, when the band crossing happens on the line invariant under a two-fold rotation (mirror) symmetry with the rotation (normal) axis lying in the two-dimensional plane, a Weyl semimetal with point nodes can also be obtained. Finally, when the system has a mirror symmetry about the plane embracing the whole system, a semimetal with nodal lines can be created. Applying our theoretical framework, we identify various two-dimensional materials as candidate systems in which stable nodal semimetal phases can be induced via doping, applying electric field, or strain-engineering, etc.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
Spin-polaron formation and magnetic state diagram in La doped $CaMnO_3$
Creators: name: Bondarenko, N.
name: Kvashnin, Y.
name: Chico, J.
name: Bergman, A.
name: Eriksson, O.
name: Skorodumova, N. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $La_xCa_{1-x}MnO_3$ (LCMO) has been studied in the framework of density functional theory (DFT) using Hubbard-U correction. We show that the formation of spin-polarons of different configurations is possible in the G-type antiferromagentic phase. We also show that the spin-polaron (SP) solutions are stabilized due to an interplay of magnetic and lattice effects at lower La concentrations and mostly due to the lattice contribution at larger concentrations. Our results indicate that the development of SPs is unfavorable in the C- and A-type antiferromagnetic phases. The theoretically obtained magnetic state diagram is in good agreement with previously reported experimental results
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Vaccinating high-risk calves against BRD
Creators: name: Richeson, John T.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 2015

description: Prevention of infectious disease by vaccination is a cornerstone of animal health management. Almost all commercial feedlots in the US (>90%) vaccinate newly received beef calves against viral respiratory pathogens, whereas a fewer majority use bacterin and/or toxoid agents. Many of these calves arrive as high-risk for developing clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) because predisposing factors can cause stress-induced immune dysfunction, and previous virus transmission is plausible during the marketing process. Published studies that utilize a non-vaccinated control treatment under commercial conditions are limited, thus it is difficult to elucidate the efficiency of respiratory vaccines used in high-risk calves. Health and performance outcomes of vaccinates in such studies range from beneficial to detrimental, yet the variable research results are confusing. Inconsistent research outcomes may be explained by: 1) different vaccine products or regimens used, 2) differences in stress, population dynamics, or natural virus challenge conditions between studies or treatment pens within a study, 3) poor sensitivity and specificity of current BRD diagnostic methods used to determine morbidity outcome, and 4) issues with sample size when comparing pen means of binary data (i.e., morbidity and mortality) and risk of type II statistical error. Similarly, controlled studies evaluating the efficacy of respiratory vaccines used in beef calves subjected to chronic physiological stress are rare. The humoral immune response to vaccine antigens administered in stressed cattle may depend on the duration and severity of stress imposed, and whether live-attenuated or non-replicating vaccine agents are administered. Current dogma indicates the immune response to a respiratory vaccine is diminished for stressed calves, but this philosophy will require refinement with further research and understanding.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2015
Risk factors for BRD on cow-calf operations
Creators: name: Woolums, Amelia R.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 2015

description: Surveys of cow-calf producers indicate that bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in nursing (preweaned) beef calves is recognized on approximately 20% of operations. In the US BRD is reported to be the leading cause of death in preweaning calves 3 weeks of age and older. As compared to feedlot BRD or dairy calf BRD, relatively little information has historically been available regarding risk factors for the nursing calf BRD. Information regarding risk factors can support the development of management practices that prevent BRD by limiting exposure of calves to risk factors. Evidence available to date indicates that at the calf level, male calves, calves born with a twin, calves born to a heifer, and calves that experience dystocia requiring major assistance are at increased risk for preweaning BRD. At the herd level, nursing calf BRD risk is associated with factors that increase the opportunity for introduction of pathogens new to the herd, calf diarrhea, and events that provide opportunities for close contact among cows and calves. Because risk factors to date have been identified in cross-sectional surveys and thus are not necessarily causative, research is needed to determine whether modification of risk factors identified to date can decrease subsequent BRD on cow-calf operations.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2015
The value of using enhanced case definitions for the management of BRD in commercial feedlots
Creators: name: Lowe, J.
name: Brattain, K.
name: Taylor, G.
name: Noffsinger, T.
name: Taylor, W.
name: French, D.
name: Aldridge, B.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 2015

description: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in cattle during the feeding period. Management of BRD cases relies on the observation of cattle behavioral changes by caregivers. This paper describes the use of multiple antemortem diagnostic technologies in combination to improve outcomes in the clinical management of BRD.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2015
Decentralized Sparse Multitask RLS over Networks
Creators: name: Cao, Xuanyu
name: Liu, K. J. Ray
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Distributed adaptive signal processing has attracted much attention in the recent decade owing to its effectiveness in many decentralized real-time applications in networked systems. Because many natural signals are highly sparse with most entries equal to zero, several decentralized sparse adaptive algorithms have been proposed recently. Most of them is focused on the single task estimation problems, in which all nodes receive data associated with the same unknown vector and collaborate to estimate it. However, many applications are inherently multitask oriented and each node has its own unknown vector different from others'. The related multitask estimation problem benefits from collaborations among the nodes as neighbor nodes usually share analogous properties and thus similar unknown vectors. In this work, we study the distributed sparse multitask recursive least squares (RLS) problem over networks. We first propose a decentralized online alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm for the formulated RLS problem. The algorithm is simplified for easy implementation with closed-form computations in each iteration and low storage requirements. Moreover, to further reduce the complexity, we present a decentralized online subgradient method with low computational overhead. We theoretically analyze the convergence behavior of the proposed subgradient method and derive an error bound related to the network topology and algorithm parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is corroborated by numerical simulations and an accuracy-complexity tradeoff between the proposed two algorithms is highlighted.