cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING AND PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF DIOSPYROS PEREGRINA IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Creators: name: Pragna Dasaram *, Murali Sollu , Gampa Vijaykumar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Diabetes mellitus is a most common endocrine disorder, affecting more than 300 million people worldwide. For these therapies developed along the principles of allopathic are often limited in efficacy, Carry the risk of adverse effects, and are often too costly, especially for the developing world. To evaluate antidiabetic activity of Diospyros peregrine in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in albino rats albino rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=6). Diabetes was induced 16hrs intraperitoneal injection. After acute toxicity test, the Swiss albino mice were induced with streptozotocin (STZ) to get experimental diabetes animals. The fasting mean blood glucose level before and after treatment for normal, diabetic untreated and diabetic mice treated with aqueous and 70% ethanol extracts were performed. Data were statistically evaluated by using Statistical Package

The acute oral toxicity studies of the extracts revealed no toxic effects up to the levels of 2000mg/kg b.wt. The aqueous and Methanolic extracts of 20 and 30mg/kg body weight of Diospyros peregrine was screened for the presence of hypoglycemic and antidiabetic activity. In this study diabetes was induced by a single IP dose streptozotocin (STZ) in 72hrs fasted rats. The FBGL was carried on 7th, 14th and 21st day and OGTT was measured on 8th, 15th and 22nd day. Glibeclamide was taken as the standard and the results are quite comparable with it. The studies were indicated that the leaves of Diospyros peregrine are effective in regeneration of insulin secreting β-cells and thus possess antidiabetic activity. The aqueous and Methanolic extracts showed significant effect in decreasing the Fasting blood Glucose level and oral glucose tolerance test of rats and it’s also showed good hypoglycemic activity in normal glycemic rats. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts of Diospyros peregrine revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Steroids, Tannins, Anthraquinones, Terpenoids and Cardiac glycoside as the possible biologically active principles.

Keywords: Diospyros peregrine, streptozotocin (STZ), Glibenclamide, FBGL and OGTT.
Hadron and Quark Form Factors in the Relativistic Harmonic Oscillator Model
Creators: name: Burov, V. V.
name: De Pace, A.
name: Dorkin, S. M.
name: Saracco, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nucleon, pion and quark form factors are studied within the relativistic harmonic oscillator model including the quark spin. It is shown that the nucleon charge, magnetic and axial form factors and the pion charge form factor can be explained with one oscillator parameter if one accounts for the scaling rule and the size of the constituent quarks.
description: 9 pages, Latex, 3 postscript figures, DFTT 8/93
title: 02 - Harmonization of the EHR
Creators: name: Marsolo, Keith
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Data Collection
subject: Biomedical Research

description: This December 11, 2014 think tank discussed issues around the methodologies for optimizing the robustness and use of Electronic Health Records (EHR) data for a variety of clinical research purposes. Experts in both accessing EHR data and study design and analysis methodology using EHR data for research highlighted the challenges, solutions, and needs in this area. Given the potential broad scope of this topic, participants were asked to focus primarily on issues related to the use of EHR on the back end (i.e. the imperfect data as currently collected), rather than strategies to improve the quality of EHR data collected on the ‘front end’ (e.g., data entered by clinicians).
On the automorphisms of a graph product of abelian groups
Creators: name: Gutierrez, Mauricio
name: Piggott, Adam
name: Ruane, Kim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E36, 20E06, 20F65

description: We study the automorphisms of a graph product of finitely-generated abelian groups W. More precisely, we study a natural subgroup Aut* W of Aut W, with Aut* W = Aut W whenever vertex groups are finite and in a number of other cases. We prove a number of structure results, including a semi-direct product decomposition of Aut* W in which one of the factors is Inn W. We also give a number of applications, some of which are geometric in nature.
description: 38 pages, 4 figures
Deciding when to stop: efficient experimentation to learn to predict drug-target interactions.
Creators: name: Temerinac-Ott, Maja
name: Armaghan W. Naik
name: Murphy, Robert
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Computational Biology

description: BACKGROUND: Active learning is a powerful tool for guiding an experimentation process. Instead of doing all possible experiments in a given domain, active learning can be used to pick the experiments that will add the most knowledge to the current model. Especially, for drug discovery and development, active learning has been shown to reduce the number of experiments needed to obtain high-confidence predictions. However, in practice, it is crucial to have a method to evaluate the quality of the current predictions and decide when to stop the experimentation process. Only by applying reliable stopping criteria to active learning can time and costs in the experimental process actually be saved. RESULTS: We compute active learning traces on simulated drug-target matrices in order to determine a regression model for the accuracy of the active learner. By analyzing the performance of the regression model on simulated data, we design stopping criteria for previously unseen experimental matrices. We demonstrate on four previously characterized drug effect data sets that applying the stopping criteria can result in upto 40 % savings of the total experiments for highly accurate predictions. CONCLUSIONS: We show that active learning accuracy can be predicted using simulated data and results in substantial savings in the number of experiments required to make accurate drug-target predictions.
Survival traits of Cronobacter sakazakii and Cronobacter maloniticus exposed to lethal Far-UVC 222nm and blue light 405nm
Creators: name: Wu, Shuyan
name: Subharat, Kwang
name: Gardner, Mandy
name: Brightwell, Gale
Publisher: name: AgResearch
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 3006
subject: Food sciences

description: Cronobacter spp., recognised as a foodborne pathogen, presents a significant risk to neonates and vulnerable groups emphasizing the necessity for effective management. This study investigates the efficacy of a dual light system, combining far-UVC (222 nm) and blue light (405 nm), in combating this bacterial threat. We explored the survival phenotypes of Cronobacter sakazakii and Cronobacter maloniticus under lethal dual light exposure, after 30 minutes of light treatment, strain-dependent sensitivity was observed, with 21 out of 27 strains being fully inactivated within 290 mJ/cm2 of far-UVC and 23800 mJ/cm2 of blue light. Survivors, identified as Cronobacter spp., were detected, indicating bacterial resistance. Pigment production was also examined before and after the light treatment. All tested Cronobacter sakazakii exhibited yellow colonies on tryptic soy agar, whereas creamy white colonies were seen on milk agar. Colorimetric analysis verified the difference in pigment production on the two agar types. Light treatments had minimal impact on survivor pigment production, except for one isolate that lost pigment after light treatment on tryptic soy agar, resulting in failure to grow during subsequent enrichment. This research provides new evidence to understand the impact of dual light treatment on bacterial survival, contributing to the development of safer and more effective strategies in pathogenic bacteria control.
Quench dynamics of superconducting fluctuations and optical conductivity in a disordered system
Creators: name: Lemonik, Yonah
name: Mitra, Aditi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There has been significant interest in the generation of very short-lived superconducting states in solid-state films. Here we consider the role of non-equilibrium superconducting fluctuations in such systems, generated by an interaction quench, considering the limit of large static disorder. In particular, we argue that because of critical slowing down, the regime of the fluctuation dominated \emph{normal state} is more important than might be naïvely thought. We show how such a state might appear in the optical conductivity, and give the appropriate non-equilibrium generalization of the Azlamazov-Larkin and Maki-Thompson fluctuation corrections to the optical conductivity. For a quench to the superconducting critical point, we show that the fluctuation corrections lead to power-law aging behavior in the optical conductivity. The power-law aging from Azlamazov-Larkin and Maki-Thompson terms are qualitatively different, despite the effect of the two being similar in dc measurements in thermal equilibrium. These signatures provide a road-map for experiments to identify the role of superconducting fluctuations in a transient state.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
The matrix product representations for all valence bond states
Creators: name: Karimipour, Vahid
name: Memarzadeh, Laleh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a simple representation for irreducible spherical tensor operators of the rotation group of arbitrary integer or half integer rank and use these tensor operators to construct matrix product states corresponding to all the variety of valence-bond states proposed in the Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki (AKLT) construction. These include the fully dimerized states of arbitrary spins, with uniform or alternating patterns of spins, which are ground states of Hamiltonians with nearest and next-nearest neighbor interactions, and the partially dimerized or AKLT/VBS (Valence Bond Solid) states, which are constructed from them by projection. The latter states are translation-invariant ground states of Hamiltonians with nearest-neighbor interactions.
description: 24 pages, references added, the version which appears in the journal
A stable wavelength-tunable triggered source of single photons and cascaded photon pairs at the telecom C-band
Creators: name: Zeuner, Katharina D.
name: Paul, Matthias
name: Lettner, Thomas
name: Hedlund, Carl Reuterskiöld
name: Schweickert, Lucas
name: Steinhauer, Stephan
name: Yang, Lily
name: Zichi, Julien
name: Hammar, Mattias
name: Jöns, Klaus D.
name: Zwiller, Val
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The implementation of fiber-based long-range quantum communication requires tunable sources of single photons at the telecom C-band. Stable and easy-to-implement wavelength- tunability of individual sources is crucial to (i) bring remote sources into resonance, to (ii) define a wavelength standard and to (iii) ensure scalability to operate a quantum repeater. So far, the most promising sources for true, telecom single photons are semiconductor quantum dots, due to their ability to deterministically and reliably emit single and entangled photons. However, the required wavelength-tunability is hard to attain. Here, we show a stable wavelength-tunable quantum light source by integrating strain-released InAs quantum dots on piezoelectric substrates. We present triggered single-photon emission at 1.55 μm with a multiphoton emission probability as low as 0.097, as well as photon pair emission from the radiative biexciton-exciton cascade. We achieve a tuning range of 0.25 nm which will allow to spectrally overlap remote quantum dots or tuning distant quantum dots into resonance with quantum memories. This opens up realistic avenues for the implementation of photonic quantum information processing applications at telecom wavelengths.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Data-dependent bucketing improves reference-free compression of sequencing reads.
Creators: name: Patro, Rob
name: Kingsford, Carl
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Computational Biology

description: MOTIVATION: The storage and transmission of high-throughput sequencing data consumes significant resources. As our capacity to produce such data continues to increase, this burden will only grow. One approach to reduce storage and transmission requirements is to compress this sequencing data. RESULTS: We present a novel technique to boost the compression of sequencing that is based on the concept of bucketing similar reads so that they appear nearby in the file. We demonstrate that, by adopting a data-dependent bucketing scheme and employing a number of encoding ideas, we can achieve substantially better compression ratios than existing de novo sequence compression tools, including other bucketing and reordering schemes. Our method, Mince, achieves up to a 45% reduction in file sizes (28% on average) compared with existing state-of-the-art de novo compression schemes. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: Mince is written in C++11, is open source and has been made available under the GPLv3 license. It is available at http://www.cs.cmu.edu/∼ckingsf/software/mince. CONTACT: carlk@cs.cmu.edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Dynamical properties of quantum many-body systems with long range interactions
Creators: name: Song, Menghan
name: Zhao, Jiarui
name: Zhou, Chengkang
name: Meng, Zi Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Employing large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we systematically compute the energy spectra of the 2D spin-1/2 Heisenberg model with long-range interactions. With the $1/r^α$ ferromagnetic and staggered antiferromagnetic interactions, we find the explicit range in $α$ for {\color{black} the short-range Goldstone-type (gapless), anomalous Goldstone-type (gapless) and Higgs-type (gapped) spectra. Accompanied by the spin wave analysis, our numerical results vividly reveal how the long-range interactions alter the usual linear and quadratic magnon dispersions in 2D quantum magnets and give rise to anomalous dynamical exponents. Moreover, we find explicit case where the gapped excitation exists even when the Hamiltonian is extensive. This work provides the first set of unbiased dynamical data} of long-range quantum many-body systems and suggests that many universally accepted low-energy customs for short-range systems need to be substantially modified for long-range ones which are of immediate relevance to the ongoing experimental efforts from quantum simulators to 2D quantum moiré materials.
description: 5 pages,3 figures
The alpha_s^3 correction to Gamma (Z^0 -> hadrons)
Creators: name: Larin, S. A.
name: van Ritbergen, T.
name: Vermaseren, J. A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the alpha_s^3 correction to the Z^0 decay rate into hadrons in the limit m_top >> m_Z.
description: 7pages, NIKHEF-H/93-26
title: 05 - NIH BD2K Think Tank. Session 2: Multiple providers / EHRs for single participant; multiple other data sources
Creators: name: Talbert, Jeffery
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Data Collection
subject: Biomedical Research

description: This December 11, 2014 think tank discussed issues around the methodologies for optimizing the robustness and use of Electronic Health Records (EHR) data for a variety of clinical research purposes. Experts in both accessing EHR data and study design and analysis methodology using EHR data for research highlighted the challenges, solutions, and needs in this area. Given the potential broad scope of this topic, participants were asked to focus primarily on issues related to the use of EHR on the back end (i.e. the imperfect data as currently collected), rather than strategies to improve the quality of EHR data collected on the ‘front end’ (e.g., data entered by clinicians).
Joule overheating poisons the fractional ac Josephson effect in topological Josephson junctions
Creators: name: Calvez, K. Le
name: Veyrat, L.
name: Gay, F.
name: Plaindoux, P.
name: Winkelmann, C.
name: Courtois, H.
name: Sacépé, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological Josephson junctions designed on the surface of a 3D-topological insulator (TI) harbor Majorana bound states (MBS's) among a continuum of conventional Andreev bound states. The distinct feature of these MBS's lies in the $4π$-periodicity of their energy-phase relation that yields a fractional ac Josephson effect and a suppression of odd Shapiro steps under $r\!f$ irradiation. Yet, recent experiments showed that a few, or only the first, odd Shapiro steps are missing, casting doubts on the interpretation. Here, we show that Josephson junctions tailored on the large bandgap 3D TI Bi$_2$Se$_3$ exhibit a fractional ac Josephson effect acting on the first Shapiro step only. With a modified resistively shunted junction model, we demonstrate that the resilience of higher order odd Shapiro steps can be accounted for by thermal poisoning driven by Joule overheating. Furthermore, we uncover a residual supercurrent at the nodes between Shapiro lobes, which provides a direct and novel signature of the current carried by the MBS. Our findings showcase the crucial role of thermal effects in topological Josephson junctions and lend support to the Majorana origin of the partial suppression of odd Shapiro steps.
description: Revised article and Supplemental material
Coral: an integrated suite of visualizations for comparing clusterings.
Creators: name: Filippova, Darya
name: Aashish  Gadani
name: Kingsford, Carl
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Computational Biology

description: BACKGROUND: Clustering has become a standard analysis for many types of biological data (e.g interaction networks, gene expression, metagenomic abundance). In practice, it is possible to obtain a large number of contradictory clusterings by varying which clustering algorithm is used, which data attributes are considered, how algorithmic parameters are set, and which near-optimal clusterings are chosen. It is a difficult task to sift though such a large collection of varied clusterings to determine which clustering features are affected by parameter settings or are artifacts of particular algorithms and which represent meaningful patterns. Knowing which items are often clustered together helps to improve our understanding of the underlying data and to increase our confidence about generated modules. RESULTS: We present Coral, an application for interactive exploration of large ensembles of clusterings. Coral makes all-to-all clustering comparison easy, supports exploration of individual clusterings, allows tracking modules across clusterings, and supports identification of core and peripheral items in modules. We discuss how each visual component in Coral tackles a specific question related to clustering comparison and provide examples of their use. We also show how Coral could be used to visually and quantitatively compare clusterings with a ground truth clustering. CONCLUSION: As a case study, we compare clusterings of a recently published protein interaction network of Arabidopsis thaliana. We use several popular algorithms to generate the network's clusterings. We find that the clusterings vary significantly and that few proteins are consistently co-clustered in all clusterings. This is evidence that several clusterings should typically be considered when evaluating modules of genes, proteins, or sequences, and Coral can be used to perform a comprehensive analysis of these clustering ensembles.
The 1/N Expansion for Baryons
Creators: name: Dashen, Roger
name: Jenkins, Elizabeth
name: Manohar, Aneesh V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A systematic expansion in 1/N is constructed for baryons in QCD. Predictions of the 1/N expansion at leading and subleading order for baryon axial current coupling constant ratios such as F/D, baryon masses and magnetic moments are derived. The baryon sector of QCD has a light quark spin-flavor symmetry at leading order in 1/N. The formalism of induced representations for contracted Lie algebras is introduced to explain the consequences of this symmetry. Relations are first derived for the simplest case of two light flavors of quarks. The generalization of the large N expansion to N_f = 3 flavors is subtle and is treated using several complementary methods. The 1/N expansion severely restricts the form of SU(3) breaking in the baryon sector. Extrapolation of the large N results to N=3 permits quantitative comparison with experimental data. Deviations of the measured quantities from exact spin-flavor symmetry predictions are accurately described by the subleading 1/N corrections. Implications of the 1/N expansion for baryon chiral perturbation theory are discussed.
description: (71 pgs in l format, 9 figs, uses harvmac and uufiles), UCSD/PTH 93-21
Communicating subcellular distributions.
Creators: name: Murphy, Robert
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Computational Biology

description: To build more accurate models of cells and tissues, the ability to incorporate information on the distributions of proteins (and other macromolecules) will become increasingly important. This review describes current progress towards determining and representing protein subcellular patterns so that the information can be used as part of systems biology efforts. Approaches to decomposing an image of the subcellular pattern of a protein give critical information about the fraction of that protein in each of a number of fundamental patterns (e.g., organelles). Methods for learning generative models from images provide a means of capturing the essential properties and variation in those properties of cell shape and organelle patterns. The combination of models of fundamental patterns and vectors specifying the fraction of a protein in each of them provide a much better means of communicating subcellular patterns than the descriptive terms that are currently used. Communicating information about subcellular patterns is important not only for systems biology simulations but also for representing results from microscopy experiments, including high content screening and imaging flow cytometry, in a transportable and generalizable manner.
title: 11 - Using health care data to emulate a target trial when randomized trials are not available
Creators: name: Hernan, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Data Collection
subject: Biomedical Research

description: This December 11, 2014 think tank discussed issues around the methodologies for optimizing the robustness and use of Electronic Health Records (EHR) data for a variety of clinical research purposes. Experts in both accessing EHR data and study design and analysis methodology using EHR data for research highlighted the challenges, solutions, and needs in this area. Given the potential broad scope of this topic, participants were asked to focus primarily on issues related to the use of EHR on the back end (i.e. the imperfect data as currently collected), rather than strategies to improve the quality of EHR data collected on the ‘front end’ (e.g., data entered by clinicians).
Hypergeometric D-modules and twisted Gauss-Manin systems
Creators: name: Schulze, Mathias
name: Walther, Uli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13N10; 14M25

description: The Euler-Koszul complex is the fundamental tool in the homological study of A-hypergeometric differential systems and functions. We compare Euler-Koszul homology with D-module direct images from the torus to the base space through orbits in the corresponding toric variety. Our approach generalizes a result by Gel'fand et al. and yields a simpler, more algebraic proof. In the process we extend the Euler-Koszul functor a category of infinite toric modules and describe multigraded localizations of Euler-Koszul homology.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure
Penguin Effects on K Pi and PiPi Decays of the $B$ Meson
Creators: name: Hayashi, Takemi
name: Matsuda, Masahisa
name: Tanimoto, Morimitsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give the detailed analyses for the gluonic-penguin effect on the $\kp$ and $\pp$ decays of the $B$ meson. In the standard model, it is shown that the ratio $BR(B\A\kp)/BR(B\A\pp)$ takes the value $0.5\sim 3.0$ with the strongly depending on the CP violating phase $ϕ$ and the KM matrix element $|V_{ub}|$. We obtain the constraint on the form factor by using the experimental branching ratio. It is also found that, in the two-Higgs-doublet model, the charged Higgs contribution which could enhance the $B\A X_s\r$ decay does not a sizable effect on our processes. The effect of the final state interaction on these processes is also discussed.
description: LATEX-file without figures. Figures will be sent by request to masa@auephyas.aichi-edu.ac.jp
Observation of anomalous Upsilon(1S)pi+pi- and Upsilon(2S)pi+pi- production near the Upsilon(5S) resonance
Creators: name: The Belle Collaboration
name: Chen, K. -F.
name: Hou, W. -S.
name: Shapkin, M.
name: al, A. Sokolov et
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first observation of e+e- -> Upsilon(1S)pi+pi-, Upsilon(2S)pi+pi-, and first evidence for e+e- -> Upsilon(3S)pi+pi-, Upsilon(1S)K+K-, near the peak of the Upsilon(5S) resonance at sqrt{s}~10.87 GeV. The results are based on a data sample of 21.7 fb^-1 collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e- collider. Attributing the signals to the Upsilon(5S) resonance, the partial widths Gamma(Upsilon(5S) -> Upsilon(1S) pi+pi-) = 0.59 +- 0.04 (stat) +- 0.09 (syst) MeV and Gamma(Upsilon(5S) -> Upsilon(2S) pi+pi-) = 0.85 +- 0.07 (stat) +- 0.16 (syst) MeV are obtained from the observed cross sections. These values exceed by more than two orders of magnitude the previously measured partial widths for dipion transitions between lower Upsilon resonances.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, submit to PRL
Possible generation of $π$-condensation in a free space by collisions between photons and protons
Creators: name: Zhang, Qi-Ren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A sharply peaked structure is found in the angular distribution of emitted $π^+$ mesons from the photon-proton collisions. It offers a possible way for generating a $π^+$-condensation in free space. To make the stimulated emission of $π^+$-mesons efficient, a ring resonator is designed.
description: 4 pages,3 figures
Blacks is to Anger as Whites is to Joy? Understanding Latent Affective Bias in Large Pre-trained Neural Language Models
Creators: name: Kadan, Anoop
name: P., Deepak
name: Bhadra, Sahely
name: Gangan, Manjary P.
name: L, Lajish V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Groundbreaking inventions and highly significant performance improvements in deep learning based Natural Language Processing are witnessed through the development of transformer based large Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs). The wide availability of unlabeled data within human generated data deluge along with self-supervised learning strategy helps to accelerate the success of large PLMs in language generation, language understanding, etc. But at the same time, latent historical bias/unfairness in human minds towards a particular gender, race, etc., encoded unintentionally/intentionally into the corpora harms and questions the utility and efficacy of large PLMs in many real-world applications, particularly for the protected groups. In this paper, we present an extensive investigation towards understanding the existence of "Affective Bias" in large PLMs to unveil any biased association of emotions such as anger, fear, joy, etc., towards a particular gender, race or religion with respect to the downstream task of textual emotion detection. We conduct our exploration of affective bias from the very initial stage of corpus level affective bias analysis by searching for imbalanced distribution of affective words within a domain, in large scale corpora that are used to pre-train and fine-tune PLMs. Later, to quantify affective bias in model predictions, we perform an extensive set of class-based and intensity-based evaluations using various bias evaluation corpora. Our results show the existence of statistically significant affective bias in the PLM based emotion detection systems, indicating biased association of certain emotions towards a particular gender, race, and religion.
Effect of in-situ electric field assisted growth on anti-phase boundaries in epitaxial Fe3O4 thin films on MgO
Creators: name: Kumar, Ankit
name: Wetterskog, Erik
name: Lewin, Erik
name: Tai, Cheuk-Wai
name: Akansel, Serkan
name: Husain, Sajid
name: Edvinsson, Tomas
name: Brucas, Rimantas
name: Chaudhary, Sujeet
name: Svedlindh, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anti-phase boundaries (APBs) normally form as a consequence of the initial growth conditions in all spinel ferrite thin films. The presence of APBs in epitaxial films of the inverse spinel Fe3O4 alters their electronic and magnetic properties due to strong antiferromagnetic (AF) interactions across these boundaries. The effect of using in-situ electric field assisted growth on the migration of APBs in hetero epitaxial Fe3O4(100)/MgO(100) thin films have been explored in the present work. The electric field assisted growth is found to reduce the AF interactions across APBs and as a consequence APBs free thin film like properties are obtained, which have been probed by electronic, magnetic and structural characterization. An increase in energy associated with the nucleation and/or early stage of the growth and, therefore, a corresponding increase in surface mobility of the ad-atoms play a critical role in controlling the density of APBs. This innovative technique can be employed to grow epitaxial spinel thin films with controlled AF interactions across APBs.
description: 15 Pages, 7 Figures, 1 Table, Regular Article
The categorical basis of dynamical entropy
Creators: name: Das, Suddhasattwa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18A25, 18B35, 18A30, 37B40, 7B02

description: Many branches of theoretical and applied mathematics require a quantifiable notion of complexity. One such circumstance is a topological dynamical system - which involves a continuous self-map on a metric space. There are many notions of complexity one can assign to the repeated iterations of the map. One of the foundational discoveries of dynamical systems theory is that these have a common limit, known as the topological entropy of the system. We present a category-theoretic view of topological dynamical entropy, which reveals that the common limit is a consequence of the structural assumptions on these notions. One of the key tools developed is that of a qualifying pair of functors, which ensure a limit preserving property in a manner similar to the sandwiching theorem from Real Analysis. It is shown that the diameter and Lebesgue number of open covers of a compact space, form a qualifying pair of functors. The various notions of complexity are expressed as functors, and natural transformations between these functors lead to their joint convergence to the common limit.
title: 01 - BD2K ThinkTank on EHR data semantic harmonization, definition, content, ontologies: OHDSI, CDRNs, NLP
Creators: name: Hripcsak, George
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Data Collection
subject: Biomedical Research

description: This December 11, 2014 think tank discussed issues around the methodologies for optimizing the robustness and use of Electronic Health Records (EHR) data for a variety of clinical research purposes. Experts in both accessing EHR data and study design and analysis methodology using EHR data for research highlighted the challenges, solutions, and needs in this area. Given the potential broad scope of this topic, participants were asked to focus primarily on issues related to the use of EHR on the back end (i.e. the imperfect data as currently collected), rather than strategies to improve the quality of EHR data collected on the ‘front end’ (e.g., data entered by clinicians).
Spectral asymmetries in nucleon sum rules at finite density
Creators: name: Furnstahl, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Apparent inconsistencies between different formulations of nucleon sum rules at finite density are resolved through a proper accounting of asymmetries in the spectral functions between positive- and negative-energy states.
description: 10 pages in RevTeX, OSU-0901
title: 12 - Considerations for developing algorithms
Creators: name: Walker, Alec
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Data Collection
subject: Biomedical Research

description: This December 11, 2014 think tank discussed issues around the methodologies for optimizing the robustness and use of Electronic Health Records (EHR) data for a variety of clinical research purposes. Experts in both accessing EHR data and study design and analysis methodology using EHR data for research highlighted the challenges, solutions, and needs in this area. Given the potential broad scope of this topic, participants were asked to focus primarily on issues related to the use of EHR on the back end (i.e. the imperfect data as currently collected), rather than strategies to improve the quality of EHR data collected on the ‘front end’ (e.g., data entered by clinicians).
Supplementary materials from Age-specific patterns of maternal investment in common gull egg yolk
Creators: name: Urvik, Janek
name: Rattiste, Kalev
name: Giraudeau, Mathieu
name: Okuliarová, Monika
name: Hõrak, Peeter
name: Tuul Sepp
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Detailed methods description and results of alternative data analyses
Deep Inelastic Scattering from off-Shell Nucleons
Creators: name: Melnitchouk, W.
name: Schreiber, A. W.
name: Thomas, A. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the general structure of the hadronic tensor required to describe deep-inelastic scattering from an off-shell nucleon within a covariant formalism. Of the large number of possible off-shell structure functions we find that only three contribute in the Bjorken limit. In our approach the usual ambiguities encountered when discussing problems related to off-shellness in deep-inelastic scattering are not present. The formulation therefore provides a clear framework within which one can discuss the various approximations and assumptions which have been used in earlier work. As examples, we investigate scattering from the deuteron, nuclear matter and dressed nucleons. The results of the full calculation are compared with those where various aspects of the off-shell structure are neglected, as well as with those of the convolution model.
description: 36 pages RevTeX, 9 figures (available upon request), ADP-93-210/T128, PSI-PR-93-13, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Far-reaching statistical consequences of the zero-point energy for the harmonic oscillator
Creators: name: de la Pena, Luis
name: Valdes-Hernandez, Andrea
name: Cetto, Ana Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent thermodynamic analysis of the harmonic oscillator and using an interpolation procedure, Boyer has shown that the existence of a zero-point energy leads to the Planck spectrum. Here we avoid the interpolation by adding a statistical argument to arrive at Planck's law as an inescapable result of the presence of the zero-point energy. No explicit quantum argument is introduced along the derivations. We disclose the connection of our results with the original analysis of Planck and Einstein, which led to the notion of the quantized radiation field. We then inquire into the discrete or continuous behaviour of the energy and pinpoint the discontinuities. Finally, to open the door to the description of the zero-point fluctuations, we briefly discuss the statistical (in contrast to the purely thermodynamic) description of the oscillator, which accounts for both thermal and temperature-independent contributions to the energy dispersion.
Exponentially fast dynamics of chaotic many-body systems
Creators: name: Borgonovi, Fausto
name: Izrailev, Felix M.
name: Santos, Lea F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate analytically and numerically that in isolated quantum systems of many interacting particles, the number of many-body states participating in the evolution after a quench increases exponentially in time, provided the eigenstates are delocalized in the energy shell. The rate of the exponential growth is defined by the width $Γ$ of the local density of states (LDOS) and is associated with the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy for systems with a well defined classical limit. In a finite system, the exponential growth eventually saturates due to the finite volume of the energy shell. We estimate the time scale for the saturation and show that it is much larger than $\hbar/Γ$. Numerical data obtained for a two-body random interaction model of bosons and for a dynamical model of interacting spin-1/2 particles show excellent agreement with the analytical predictions.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures (as published)
Baryons and the Chern-Simons term in holographic QCD with three flavors
Creators: name: Hata, Hiroyuki
name: Murata, Masaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study dynamical baryons in the holographic QCD model of Sakai and Sugimoto in the case of three flavors and with special interest in the construction of the Chern-Simons (CS) term. The baryon classical solution in this model is given by the BPST instanton, and we carry out the collective coordinate quantization of the solution. The CS term should give rise to a first class constraint which selects baryon states with right spins. However, the original CS term written in terms of the CS 5-form does not work. We instead propose a new CS term which is gauge invariant and is given as an integral over a six dimensional space having as its boundary the original five dimensional spacetime of the holographic model. Collective coordinate quantization using our new CS term leads to correct baryon states and their mass formula.
description: 32 pages, 3 figures, v2: references added, minor changes
Solving linear equations with messenger-field and conjugate gradients techniques - an application to CMB data analysis
Creators: name: Papez, J.
name: Grigori, L.
name: Stompor, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We discuss linear system solvers invoking a messenger-field and compare them with (preconditioned) conjugate gradients approaches. We show that the messenger-field techniques correspond to fixed point iterations of an appropriately preconditioned initial system of linear equations. We then argue that a conjugate gradient solver applied to the same preconditioned system, or equivalently a preconditioned conjugate gradient solver using the same preconditioner and applied to the original system, will in general ensure at least a comparable and typically better performance in terms of the number of iterations to convergence and time-to-solution. We illustrate our conclusions on two common examples drawn from the Cosmic Microwave Background data analysis: Wiener filtering and map-making. In addition, and contrary to the standard lore in the CMB field, we show that the performance of the preconditioned conjugate gradient solver can depend importantly on the starting vector. This observation seems of particular importance in the cases of map-making of high signal-to-noise sky maps and therefore should be of relevance for the next generation of CMB experiments.
title: NGC 5775: Anatomy of a disk-halo interface
Creators: name: Lee, S-W
name: Irwin, JA
name: Dettmar, R-J
name: Cunningham, CT
name: Golla, G
name: Wang, QD
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: ISM: bubbles -- ISM: general -- ISM: structure -- galaxies: general -- galaxies: individual: NGC 5775 -- galaxies: spiral
subject: Astrophysics and Astronomy

description: This is the pre-published version harvested from ArXiv. The published version is located at http://www.aanda.org/index.php?option=com_article&access=doi&doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20011046&Itemid=129
description: We present the first high-resolution study of the disk-halo interface in an edge-on galaxy (NGC 5775) in which every component of the interstellar medium is represented and resolved (though not all to the same resolution). New single-dish CO J=2-1 and CO J=1-0 data, ROSAT X-ray data, and HIRES IRAS data are presented along with HI data which emphasizes the high latitude features. In conjunction with previously published radio continuum (6 and 20 cm) and H data, we find spatial correlations between various ISM components in that all components of the ISM are present in the disk-halo features (except for CO for which there is insufficient spatial coverage). The HI features extend to ~7 kpc above the plane, form loops in position-position space, in one case, form a loop in position-velocity space, and are also observed over a large velocity range. This implies that the disk-halo features represent expanding supershells. However, the shells may be incomplete and partially open-topped, suggesting that we are observing the breakup of the supershells as they traverse the disk-halo interface. There is some evidence for acceleration with z and both redshifted and blueshifted velocities are present, although the gas which is lagging with respect to galactic rotation dominates. The radio continuum spectral index is flatter around the shell rims and we show that this cannot be due to a contribution from thermal gas but rather is due to intrinsic flattening of the non-thermal spectral index, suggesting that shocks may be important in these regions. The H emission is located interior to the HI. For feature F3, the H emission forms the interior "skin" of the HI shell, yet there appears to be a minimum of in-disk star formation immediately below the feature. We present a picture of a "typical" HI supershell which accelerates and breaks up through the disk-halo interface. Such a feature is likely internally generated via an energetic event in the disk.
Thermal quark production in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions
Creators: name: Altherr, Tanguy
name: Seibert, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate thermal production of u, d, s, c and b quarks in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. The following processes are taken into account: thermal gluon decay (g to ibar i), gluon fusion (g g to ibar i), and quark-antiquark annihilation (jbar j to ibar i), where i and j represent quark species. We use the thermal quark masses, $m_i^2(T)\simeq m_i^2 + (2g^2/9)T^2$, in all the rates. At small mass ($m_i(T)<2T$), the production is largely dominated by the thermal gluon decay channel. We obtain numerical and analytic solutions of one-dimensional hydrodynamic expansion of an initially pure glue plasma. Our results show that even in a quite optimistic scenario, all quarks are far from chemical equilibrium throughout the expansion. Thermal production of light quarks (u, d and s) is nearly independent of species. Heavy quark (c and b) production is quite independent of the transition temperature and could serve as a very good probe of the initial temperature. Thermal quark production measurements could also be used to determine the gluon damping rate, or equivalently the magnetic mass.
description: 14 pages (latex) plus 6 figures (uuencoded postscript files); CERN-TH.7038/93
The Method of Harmonic Balance for the Giesekus Model under Oscillatory Shear
Creators: name: Mittal, Shivangi
name: Joshi, Yogesh M.
name: Shanbhag, Sachin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The method of harmonic balance (HB) is a spectrally accurate method used to obtain periodic steady state solutions to dynamical systems subjected to periodic perturbations. We adapt HB to solve for the stress response of the Giesekus model under large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) deformation. HB transforms the system of differential equations to a set of nonlinear algebraic equations in the Fourier coefficients. Convergence studies find that the difference between the HB and true solutions decays exponentially with the number of harmonics ($H$) included in the ansatz as $e^{-m H}$. The decay coefficient $m$ decreases with increasing strain amplitude, and exhibits a "U" shaped dependence on applied frequency. The computational cost of HB increases slightly faster than linearly with $H$. The net result of rapid convergence and modest increase in computational cost with increasing $H$ implies that HB outperforms the conventional method of using numerical integration to solve differential constitutive equations under oscillatory shear. Numerical experiments find that HB is simultaneously about three orders of magnitude cheaper, and several orders of magnitude more accurate than numerical integration. Thus, it offers a compelling value proposition for parameter estimation or model selection.
description: submitted to JNNFM