cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Polarimetric variations of binary stars. VI. Orbit-induced variations in the pre-main-sequence binary AK Sco
Creators: name: Manset, N.
name: Bastien, P.
name: Bertout, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present simultaneous UBV polarimetric and photometric observations of the pre-main-sequence binary AK Sco, obtained over 12 nights, slightly less than the orbital period of 13.6 days. The polarization is a sum of interstellar and intrinsic polarization, with a significant intrinsic polarization of 1% at 5250A, indicating the presence of circumstellar matter distributed in an asymmetric geometry. The polarization and its position angle are clearly variable on time scales of hours and nights, in all 3 wavelengths, with a behavior related to the orbital motion. The variations have the highest amplitudes seen so far for pre-main-sequence binaries (~1%, ~30deg) and are sinusoidal with periods similar to the orbital period and half of it. The polarization variations are generally correlated with the photometric ones: when the star gets fainter, it also gets redder and its polarization increases. The color-magnitude diagram B-V, V exhibits a ratio of total to selective absorption R=4.3 higher than in normal interstellar clouds (R=3.1). The interpretation of the simultaneous photometric and polarimetric observations is that a cloud of circumstellar matter passes in front of the star, decreasing the amount of direct, unpolarized light, and hence increasing the contribution of scattered (blue) light. We show that the large amplitude of the polarization variations can not be reproduced with a single scattering model and axially symmetric circumbinary or circumstellar disks.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
Employees’ use of mindfulness in managing occupational stress : a qualitative study
Creators: name: Treleaven, David Allan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Research has shown Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) to be an effective stress management intervention (Baer, 2003). Several studies (e.g., Cohen-Katz et al., 2004; Shapiro et al., 1998, 2005a) have examined the effects of MBSR on health care professionals, yet research has not clarified processes underlying the use of mindfulness in the workplace. To address the absence of empirical accounts in this domain, this qualitative study explored how employees who regularly practice meditation use mindfulness to manage occupational stress. Grounded theory methodology (Strauss & Corbin, 1998), a well-validated framework for data analysis and interpretation, was used to develop a conceptual description of mindfulness processes. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted in Vancouver, Canada, with 10 female and 2 male employees between the ages of 26 to 58 years ( M = 42). The constant comparative method from grounded theory was used to continually test and refine emerging categories (i.e., themes). Procedures such as coding (i.e., a process used to identify concepts) and continual memoing (i.e., a written record of methodological decisions and hypotheses) were also employed to ensure a rigorous analytical process. The use of mindfulness in the workplace was associated with: (a) a heightened awareness of physical, cognitive, or emotional responses to occupational stressors; (b) a shift in awareness to internal processes (e.g., bodily sensations); and (c) a sustained attention to these internal processes. The types of stressors that precipitated a shift in awareness and specific internal processes the employees attended to distinguished the categories. Implications for research include: (a) the contribution of an initial framework of processes underlying the use of mindfulness to be tested and incorporated into future research; (b) findings that show particular stressors to significantly influence the use of mindfulness in the workplace; and (c) findings that emphasize the importance of practitioners' awareness of potential negative impacts caused by the use of mindfulness.
The fundamental role of charge asymmetry in superconductivity
Creators: name: Hirsch, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neither BCS theory nor London theory contain any charge asymmetry. However it is an experimental fact that a rotating superconductor always exhibits a magnetic field parallel, never antiparallel, to its angular velocity. This and several other experimental observations point to a special role of charge asymmetry in superconductivity, which is the foundation of the theory of hole superconductivity. The theory describes heavy dressed {\it positive} hole carriers in the normal state that undress by pairing and become light undressed {\it negative} electron carriers in the superconducting state. Superconductivity is driven by kinetic energy lowering rather than by electron-phonon coupling as in BCS. In quantum mechanics, kinetic energy lowering is associated with $expansion$ of the electronic wave function, and hence we predict: (1) Superconductors expel $negative$ charge from their interior which consequently becomes $positively$ charged; (2) Macroscopic electrostatic fields exist in the interior of superconductors always, and in certain cases also outside near the surface; (3) Macroscopic spin currents exist in the superconducting state; (4) Superconductors are 'rigid' with respect to their response to applied longitudinal electric fields. These predictions apply to all superconductors and are testable but are as yet untested. The theory predicts highest $T_c$'s for materials for which normal state transport occurs through $(positive)$ holes in $negatively$ charged anions.
description: Presented at SNS'2004, Sitges,Spain, July 11-16,2004, being considered for publication in Jour.Phys.Chem.Solids
$A_{\infty}$-modules and Calogero-Moser Spaces
Creators: name: Berest, Yuri
name: Chalykh, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We re-examine the bijective correspondence between the set of isomorphism classes of ideals of the first Weyl algebra and associated quiver varieties (Calogero-Moser spaces) \cite{BW1, BW2}. We give a new explicit construction of this correspondence based on the notion of $\A$-envelope of a rank one torsion-free $A_1$-module. Though perhaps less geometric than other methods, our approach is much simpler and seems more natural from the point of view of deformation theory.
description: Final version (revised, with new appendix)
An identification key for Chondrichthyes egg cases of the Mediterranean and Black Sea
Creators: name: C. Mancusi
name: D. Massi
name: R. Baino
name: A. Cariani
name: V. Crobe
name: D. A. Ebert
name: A. Ferrari
name: C. A. Gordon
name: G. R. Hoff
name: S. P. Iglesias
name: A. Titone
name: F. Serena
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Chondrichthyan egg cases are important elements for species-specific identification and also provide a valuable aid in determining a species spatial distribution, as well as for defining spawning areas. Considering the absence of a general key for the identification of the egg cases of the Mediterranean Chondrichthyes, this work aims to fill this gap by presenting a species-specific key based on morphological features of the egg case. The key was developed primarily analysing fresh egg cases dissected from the oviduct, egg cases collected from the seabed or found dried lying on the seashore, after species confirmation by DNA analysis. Original data were integrated with information scrutinized from literature. In order to improve species identification, a protocol for the standardized acquisition of morpho-biometric and meristic features is also provided as a pre-requisite for the appropriate use of the identification key. The total width and length included the horns, when they are not broken, are the parameters that best explain the assignment of the egg case to a specific species.
Land degradation: links to agricultural output and profitability
Creators: name: Gretton, Paul
name: Salma, Umme
name: Gretton, Paul
name: Salma, Umme
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: To understand land degradation and assess policy responses, knowledge is needed of the bio-physical causes, the economic effects on farms and the incentives farmers face to avoid or ameliorate the degradation. An empirical study of land degradation in the Australian state of New South Wales is presented in this article. The results suggest that there are incentives for farmers to co-exist with certain forms of degradation, while there are also incentives to avoid some other forms.
Experimental determination of the orientation of tilted magnetic anisotropy by measuring Hall voltage
Creators: name: Piskin, Hasan
name: Demirci, Erdem
name: Ozturk, Mustafa
name: Akdogan, Numan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The orientation of the tilted magnetic anisotropy has crucial importance in many spintronic devices. However, it is very challenging to determine it especially in very small structures produced by lithography. Here, we propose a new experimental method to directly and accurately measure both the polar and azimuthal angles of a tilted magnetic anisotropy. By using the proposed experimental method, we have successfully determined the out-of-plane and in-plane angles of the tilted magnetic anisotropy in a micro-structured multilayer thin film. The orientation of the tilted magnetic anisotropy in the sample has also been confirmed by the theoretical simulations proving the accuracy of the method.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures
Monomeric Human Soluble CD4 Dimerizes at Physiological Temperature: VTSAXS Data Based Modeling and Screening of Retardant Molecules
Creators: name: Dhiman, Kanika
name: Nath, Samir Kumar
name: Ganguly, Ashish
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Earlier, solution small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data at 10 °C showed that soluble CD4 (sCD4; 1 mg/ml) is monomer with shape similar to single chain in crystal structures of its dimer. Query remained whether the dimeric state of CD4 can form independent of packing effects of crystal? Taking cue from other systems, we explored heat induced possible association of native shapes of sCD4 by variable temperature SAXS (VTSAXS) experiments. The predominant particle size increased consistently with temperature and around 35-40 °C, the estimated mass indicated dimeric state in solution. Furthermore, the observed association was found to be reversible to certain extent. Using SAXS profile representing dimer and crystal structure of monomer, we solved models of CD4 dimers which were dominated by D4-D4 interactions and appeared “wobbling” about the crystal structure of dimeric CD4, convincing pre-existence of crystal-like association in solution. To break the dimerization, we theoretically screened for small molecules binding to dimeric interface of D4 domain. Additionally, as negative control or not expecting to interfere, we searched molecules preferentially docking on the apex of D1 domain. VTSAXS experiments of CD4 + molecules at ∼1:3 molar ratio showed that as expected few D4 reactive hits could retard dimerization, yet surprisingly molecules which docked at D1 domain could also derail dimerization. Additional analysis led to conclusion that there lies a systematic communication network across the structural length of sCD4 which senses binding to self and other molecules, and our work can be used to develop new (or re-purpose known) molecules as CD4-reactive immunosuppressive agents.
Risk premia in Australian interest rates
Creators: name: Douglas, Justin J.
name: Bartley, Scott W.
name: Douglas, Justin J.
name: Bartley, Scott W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Financial Economics
Risk and Uncertainty

description: The level of and movements in interest rates and the exchange rate can have a substantial impact on the economic performance of Australia's primary industries. Whether a country and/or exchange risk premium has resulted in higher interest rates and increased volatility in the exchange rate is therefore important to these industries. There is some evidence that a small country risk premium may have emerged during the early 1990s. In line with earlier studies, however, no evidence was found of such a premium during the 1980s. A further finding is that any exchange risk premium may have declined over the last decade or so. Possible links between risk premia and Australia's foreign debt and current account deficits are also examined.
Policy-making in the EU: the bananarama story, the WTO and policy transparency
Creators: name: Borrell, Brent
name: Borrell, Brent
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: The EU banana policy is manifestly bad. But despite a healthy policy transparency process and comprehensive public criticisms of its extreme inefficiencies, its costs have been growing progressively worse and more disruptive of international commerce. This raises serious doubts about the WTO process, and the policy transparency process itself. At the very least, the EU bananarama story told here means we should not be complacent about either.
Celestial position of the companion of PSR J1740-5340
Creators: name: Bassa, C. G.
name: Stappers, B. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present optical astrometry of archival ground and space based imaging of the companion to PSR J1740-5340. The optical position of the companion is significantly offset from the timing position of the pulsar. We briefly investigate the effects of this inconsistency on other timing parameters and compare our position with an improved position of PSR J1740-5340 from recent, preliminary, timing results.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in A&A
Inducing anisotropies in Dirac fermions by periodic driving
Creators: name: Diaz-Fernandez, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the three-dimensional Hamiltonian for Bi$_2$Se$_3$, a second-generation topological insulator, under the effect of a periodic drive for both in-plane and out-of-plane fields. As it will be shown by means of high-frequency expansions up to second order in the Floquet Hamiltonian, the driving induces anisotropies in the Dirac cone and opens up a quasienergy gap for in-plane elliptically polarized fields. Analytic expressions are obtained for the renormalized velocities and the quasienergy gap. These expressions are then compared to numerical calculations performed by discretizing the Hamiltonian in a one-dimensional lattice and following a staggered fermion approach, achieving a remarkable agreement. We believe our work may have an impact on the transport properties of topological insulators.
Off-Path TCP Exploits of the Mixed IPID Assignment
Creators: name: Feng, Xuewei
name: Fu, Chuanpu
name: Li, Qi
name: Sun, Kun
name: Xu, Ke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we uncover a new off-path TCP hijacking attack that can be used to terminate victim TCP connections or inject forged data into victim TCP connections by manipulating the new mixed IPID assignment method, which is widely used in Linux kernel version 4.18 and beyond to help defend against TCP hijacking attacks. The attack has three steps. First, an off-path attacker can downgrade the IPID assignment for TCP packets from the more secure per-socket-based policy to the less secure hash-based policy, building a shared IPID counter that forms a side channel on the victim. Second, the attacker detects the presence of TCP connections by observing the shared IPID counter on the victim. Third, the attacker infers the sequence number and the acknowledgment number of the detected connection by observing the side channel of the shared IPID counter. Consequently, the attacker can completely hijack the connection, i.e., resetting the connection or poisoning the data stream. We evaluate the impacts of this off-path TCP attack in the real world. Our case studies of SSH DoS, manipulating web traffic, and poisoning BGP routing tables show its threat on a wide range of applications. Our experimental results show that our off-path TCP attack can be constructed within 215 seconds and the success rate is over 88%. Finally, we analyze the root cause of the exploit and develop a new IPID assignment method to defeat this attack. We prototype our defense in Linux 4.18 and confirm its effectiveness through extensive evaluation over real applications on the Internet.
Banana policy: a European perspective
Creators: name: Tangermann, Stefan
name: Tangermann, Stefan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries

description: European Union banana policies do not make economic sense, and hence criticism of these policies is justified. Some facts should, though, be remembered. If the EU had chosen free trade in bananas when the Single Market was established, certain producers both inside and outside the EU would have lost income, and it proved politically impossible to choose direct financial compensation. Also, the quantitative implications of the new EU banana regime may be less than sometimes assumed, as trade has not been reduced very much. The WTO's role is not to judge the economic merits of these policies, but their legal justification.
title: Evaluation of the nitritation performance of a continuously-stirred-tank-reactor and a moving-bed-biofilm-reactor treating reject water
Creators: name: Choonuan, Phichaya
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: MBBR
subject: SDE
subject: Reject water
subject: partial nitritation
subject: biofilm

description: Abstract Wastewater treatment plants are highly energy consuming and can contribute up 1 % of a city’s energy consumption. A high amount of this energy can be saved by applying an appropriate operation mode. Anaerobic digestion of influent organic matter can produce biogas and the overall energy consumption can this way be reduced. Remaining sludge after anaerobic digestion is dewatered and results in an effluent, called reject water. Reject water or Sludge Dewatering Effluent (SDE) needs further treatment, since it still contains a high amount of ammonium, which needs to be removed. Pretreatment of reject water in the side-stream can save additional energy. The potential for the energy saving lies in a higher aeration efficiency in side-stream compared to main-stream. Moreover, when stopping the conversion process from ammonium to nitrite (nitritation) and further to nitrate (nitratation) at the first conversion step, less COD is required in the denitrification process of a 2-stage wastewater treatment plant. A higher amount of COD in the sewage sludge leads to a higher biogas yield in anaerobic digestion. The present thesis compares a lab-scale Continuously-Stirred-Tank-Reactor (CSTR) and a Moving-Bed-Biofilm-Reactor (MBBR) regarding their nitritation performance. It will mainly focus on the influencing parameters like sludge age and free ammonia/free nitrous acid inhibition in order to achieve partial nitritation in SDE side-stream treatment. Partial nitritation is achieved in CSTR down to a temperature of 15°C. MBBR is able to treat up to 3 times the ammonium load of a CSTR and also showed stable nitritation with even lower susceptibility towards changing operation conditions.
Dynamics of an acoustically trapped sphere in beating sound waves
Creators: name: Abdelaziz, Mohammed A.
name: Grier, David G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A focused acoustic standing wave creates a Hookean potential well for a small sphere and can levitate it stably against gravity. Exposing the trapped sphere to a second transverse traveling sound wave imposes an additional acoustical force that drives the sphere away from its mechanical equilibrium. The driving force is shaped by interference between the standing trapping wave and the traveling driving. If, furthermore, the traveling wave is detuned from the standing wave, the driving force oscillates at the difference frequency. Far from behaving like a textbook driven harmonic oscillator, however, the wave-driven harmonic oscillator instead exhibits a remarkably rich variety of dynamical behaviors arising from the spatial dependence of the driving force. These include oscillations at both harmonics and subharmonics of the driving frequency, period-doubling routes to chaos and Fibonacci cascades. This model system therefore illustrates opportunities for dynamic acoustical manipulation based on spectral control of the sound field, rather than spatial control.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Purcell enhancement of a single silicon carbide color center with coherent spin control
Creators: name: Crook, A. L.
name: Anderson, C. P.
name: Miao, K. C.
name: Bourassa, A.
name: Lee, H.
name: Bayliss, S. L.
name: Bracher, D. O.
name: Zhang, X.
name: Abe, H.
name: Ohshima, T.
name: Hu, E. L.
name: Awschalom, D. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Silicon carbide has recently been developed as a platform for optically addressable spin defects. In particular, the neutral divacancy in the 4H polytype displays an optically addressable spin-1 ground state and near-infrared optical emission. Here, we present the Purcell enhancement of a single neutral divacancy coupled to a photonic crystal cavity. We utilize a combination of nanolithographic techniques and a dopant-selective photoelectrochemical etch to produce suspended cavities with quality factors exceeding 5,000. Subsequent coupling to a single divacancy leads to a Purcell factor of ~50, which manifests as increased photoluminescence into the zero-phonon line and a shortened excited-state lifetime. Additionally, we measure coherent control of the divacancy ground state spin inside the cavity nanostructure and demonstrate extended coherence through dynamical decoupling. This spin-cavity system represents an advance towards scalable long-distance entanglement protocols using silicon carbide that require the interference of indistinguishable photons from spatially separated single qubits.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
The Beginning Farmers’ Problem In Canada
Creators: name: Pouliot, Sebastien
name: Pouliot, Sebastien
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Agriculture
subject: Barriers to Entry
subject: Beginning Farmers
subject: Fixed Assets

description: Concerns about beginning farmers in Canada derive from trends in data that show that the population of farmers and the number of young farmers are declining. This paper discusses and analyses issues regarding the constraints and opportunities beginning farmers in Canada face. The discussion covers whether issues peculiar to beginning farmers are, from an economic policy point of view, a source of concern and whether there are motives for government intervention. The main conclusions are 1) the decline in the number of farms in Canada responds to economic forces, 2) the price of fixed assets constitutes the main barrier to entry and 3) government support to entry in agriculture would have a negligible effect on the number of farms and the entry of new farms.
The Infant Formula Market: Consequences of a Change in the WIC Contract Brand
Creators: name: Oliveira, Victor
name: Frazao, Elizabeth
name: Smallwood, David M.
name: Oliveira, Victor
name: Frazao, Elizabeth
name: Smallwood, David M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: WIC
subject: Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women
subject: Infants
subject: and Children
subject: infant formula
subject: rebate
subject: sole-source contracts
subject: contract brand
subject: spillover effect
subject: ERS
subject: USDA

description: The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is the major purchaser of infant formula in the United States. To reduce cost to the WIC program, each State awards a sole-source contract to a formula manufacturer to provide its product to WIC participants in the State. As part of the contract, the WIC State agency receives rebates from the manufacturers. In this study, we use 2004-09 Nielsen scanner-based retail sales data from over 7,000 stores in 30 States to examine the effect of winning a WIC sole-source contract on infant formula manufacturers’ market share in supermarkets. We find that the manufacturer holding the WIC contract brand accounted for the vast majority—84 percent—of all formula sold by the top three manufacturers. The impact of a switch in the manufacturer that holds the WIC contract was considerable. The market share of the manufacturer of the new WIC contract brand increased by an average 74 percentage points after winning the contract. Most of this increase was a direct effect of WIC recipients switching to the new WIC contract brand. However, manufacturers also realized a spillover effect from winning the WIC contract whereby sales of formula purchased outside of the program also increased.
A narrative exploration of the experience of recurrent major depression
Creators: name: Dyer, Brenda Lee
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The purpose of this study was to explore in narrative terms the lived experience of people who have suffered from major recurrent depression, and have recovered or are in recovery. How people construct this experience was investigated through both the form and content of their oral narratives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven participants who had received a diagnosis of depression, had experienced at least two depressive episodes, and had been free of depression for at least one year. The interviews were analyzed using the holistic macro narrative form analysis of Gergen and Gergen (1983, 1988) to locate story lines (form) and valued endpoints, turning points, narrative stance and themes (content) common to the narratives. A Romantic plot structure of repeated encounters with the problem of depression, and the growing wisdom of the heroic protagonist was identified in all seven of the narratives. The differences among the narrators' perceptions of their change process were accounted for by Frank's (1995) typology of illness narratives, and a further categorization was made into questautomythology (n = 4), quest-memoir (n = 2) and quest-manifesto (n = 1). The seven narratives can be seen as a resistance to the culturally preferred illness narrative of Restitution/Comedy since all narrators experienced recovery from depression as a continuing and incomplete process. Common patterns include early childhood experiences of abandonment, fear, and/or powerlessness, a lifelong search for belonging and connection, and a turning point in midlife which resolves this search and is accompanied by depression recovery. Agency is an important aspect of both the search and the turning point, but it is coupled with the greater capacity of the narrator to experience connection with others.
Household Food Security in the United States in 2010
Creators: name: Coleman-Jensen, Alisha
name: Nord, Mark
name: Andrews, Margaret S.
name: Carlson, Steven
name: Coleman-Jensen, Alisha
name: Nord, Mark
name: Andrews, Margaret S.
name: Carlson, Steven
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Food security
subject: food insecurity
subject: food spending
subject: food pantry
subject: soup kitchen
subject: emergency kitchen
subject: material well-being
subject: SNAP
subject: Food Stamp Program
subject: National School Lunch Program
subject: WIC

description: An estimated 85.5 percent of American households were food secure throughout the entire year in 2010, meaning that they had access at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life for all household members. The remaining households (14.5 percent) were food insecure at least some time during the year, including 5.4 percent with very low food security—meaning that the food intake of one or more household members was reduced and their eating patterns were disrupted at times during the year because the household lacked money and other resources for food. The prevalence rate of very low food security declined from 5.7 percent in 2009, while the change in food insecurity overall (from 14.7 percent in 2009) was not statistically significant. The typical food-secure household spent 27 percent more on food than the typical food-insecure household of the same size and household composition. Fifty-nine percent of all food-insecure households participated in one or more of the three largest Federal food and nutrition assistance programs during the month prior to the 2010 survey.
Correlation between Hard X-ray Peak Flux and Soft X-ray Peak Flux in the Outburst Rise of Low Mass X-ray Binaries
Creators: name: Yu, Wenfei
name: van der Klis, Michiel
name: Fender, Rob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analyzed {\it Rossi} X-ray timing explorer (RXTE) pointed observations of the outbursts of black hole and neutron star soft X-ray transients in which an initial low/hard state or `island' state, followed by a transition to a softer state, was observed. In three sources, the black hole transient XTE J1550-564, the neutron star transient Aquila X-1 and a quasi-persistent neutron star low mass X-ray binary (LMXB) 4U 1705-44, two such outbursts were found. We find that the flux of the soft X-ray peak, which lags the hard X-ray peak by a few days to several weeks, scales with the flux of the hard X-ray peak. We conclude that we are able to predict the soft X-ray outburst peak flux based on the `preceding' hard X-ray peak flux, implying an early set up of the outbursts. We also find that the X-ray luminosity corresponding to the peak of the hard X-ray flux, which corresponds to the X-ray luminosity of the start of the hard-to-soft state transition, varies by a factor of about 2. If the accretion geometry early in the outburst rise is composed of two flows (e.g. a hot sub-Keplerian halo flow and a Keplerian disk flow, or an outflow and a Keplerian disk flow), the correlation indicates that the two flows are initially related, probably due to processes in the outer part of the accretion disk. We discuss constraints on a single flow model and a disk-jet model from these observations.
description: 4 pages including 4 figures, AASTEX format, to appear in APJL 2004 August 20 issue
Finding archetypal patterns for binary questionnaires
Creators: name: Cabero, Ismael
name: Epifanio, Irene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62H99, 62P25, 97D60

description: Archetypal analysis is an exploratory tool that explains a set of observations as mixtures of pure (extreme) patterns. If the patterns are actual observations of the sample, we refer to them as archetypoids. For the first time, we propose to use archetypoid analysis for binary observations. This tool can contribute to the understanding of a binary data set, as in the multivariate case. We illustrate the advantages of the proposed methodology in a simulation study and two applications, one exploring objects (rows) and the other exploring items (columns). One is related to determining student skill set profiles and the other to describing item response functions.
A Catalog of Very Isolated Galaxies from the SDSS Data Release 1
Creators: name: Allam, Sahar S.
name: Tucker, Douglas L.
name: Lee, Brian C.
name: Smith, J. Allyn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new catalog of isolated galaxies obtained through an automated systematic search. These 2980 isolated galaxies were found in approximately 2099 sq deg of sky in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 1 (SDSS DR1) photometry. The selection algorithm, implementing a variation on the criteria developed by Karachentseva in 1973, proved to be very efficient and fast. This catalog will be useful for studies of the general galaxy characteristics. Here we report on our results.
description: 67 pages, which includes 14 figures. Accepted for publication by AJ
Nitrogen in Agricultural Systems: Implications for Conservation Policy
Creators: name: Ribaudo, Marc
name: Delgado, Jorge
name: Hansen, LeRoy T.
name: Livingston, Michael J.
name: Mosheim, Roberto
name: Williamson, James M.
name: Ribaudo, Marc
name: Delgado, Jorge
name: Hansen, LeRoy T.
name: Livingston, Michael J.
name: Mosheim, Roberto
name: Williamson, James M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Reactive nitrogen
subject: nitrogen management
subject: fertilizer
subject: water quality
subject: greenhouse gas
subject: economic incentives
subject: conservation policy
subject: regulation

description: Nitrogen is an important agricultural input that is critical for crop production. However, the introduction of large amounts of nitrogen into the environment has a number of undesirable impacts on water, terrestrial, and atmospheric resources. This report explores the use of nitrogen in U.S. agriculture and assesses changes in nutrient management by farmers that may improve nitrogen use effi ciency. It also reviews a number of policy approaches for improving nitrogen management and identifi es issues affecting their potential performance. Findings reveal that about two-thirds of U.S. cropland is not meeting three criteria for good nitrogen management. Several policy approaches, including fi nancial incentives, nitrogen management as a condition of farm program eligibility, and regulation, could induce farmers to improve their nitrogen management and reduce nitrogen losses to the environment.
Direct and Intermediated Marketing of Local Foods in the United States
Creators: name: Low, Sarah A.
name: Vogel, Stephen J.
name: Low, Sarah A.
name: Vogel, Stephen J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Local foods
subject: direct marketing channels
subject: direct sales
subject: intermediated sales Acknowledgments: The

description: This study uses nationally representative data on the marketing of local foods to assess the relative scale of local food marketing channels. This research documents that sales through intermediated marketing channels, such as farmers’ sales to local grocers and restaurants, account for a large portion of all local food sales. Small and medium-sized farms dominate local foods sales marketed exclusively through direct-to-consumer channels (foods sold at roadside stands or farmers’ markets, for example) while large farms dominate local food sales marketed exclusively through intermediated channels. Farmers marketing food locally are most prominent in the Northeast and the West Coast regions and areas close to densely populated urban markets. Climate and topography favoring the production of fruits and vegetables, proximity to and neighboring farm participation in farmers’ markets, and good transportation and information access are found to be associated with higher levels of direct-to-consumer sales.
Indigenous footprints along the career journey between adolescence and adulthood
Creators: name: Britten, Lianne M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Career development and transitions are hot topics at this time. Research into First Nation's culture has also begun to receive the attention it deserves. However these two concepts have rarely been researched simultaneously as one phenomenon. Notable gaps occur in career development and First Nation's literature. Cultural influences, worldview differences, experiences, beliefs, and attitudes are all elements of life for anyone. For First Nation's people these multiple realities are further imbued with complexities not widely understood by non-Aboriginal peoples and as such the concepts of "career", "success", "transition" and "career development" may not fit with Aboriginal paradigms of research and with the Aboriginal population in general. Little is known about career development with regard to minority populations and even less is known about First Nations' career development. Similarly another rarely researched phenomenon in any population is career development during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. With high rates of unemployment, low rates of high school graduation, drug and alcohol abuse, high suicidality and other difficulties faced by many First Nation's youth this issue is of crucial importance to future success (Royal Commission on Aboriginal Health, 1996). Consequently it is important that positive stories from this culture be heard. Most research up to this juncture has been focussed upon non-minority population adolescent employment rather than the outcomes of schooling and other factors during the transition from adolescence to adulthood (Leventhal, Graber, & Brooks-Gunn, 2001). My study has attempted to shed light on some of the factors that have helped and hindered First Nation's youth during this transitional period. A sample of 8 (n=8) First Nations young adults, aged 20 to 28 years, were interviewed using a Critical Incident Technique. The participants were recruited from local Vancouver populations. The research involved the collection of data by interviewing participants using an open-ended question format to record each participant's story and to explore critical influences upon their career development. Findings from this research were found to be relevant to a range of settings including First Nations' employment counselling services, therapy for youth-at-risk, school counselling for First Nation's youth, and multicultural therapy.
Electroweak Corrections in a Pseudo-Nambu Goldstone Dark Matter Model Revisited
Creators: name: Glaus, Seraina
name: Mühlleitner, Margarete
name: Müller, Jonas
name: Patel, Shruti
name: Römer, Tizian
name: Santos, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Having so far only indirect evidence for the existence of Dark Matter a plethora of experiments aims at direct detection of Dark Matter through the scattering of Dark Matter particles off atomic nuclei. For the correct interpretation and identification of the underlying nature of the Dark Matter constituents higher-order corrections to the cross section of Dark Matter-nucleon scattering are important, in particular in models where the tree-level cross section is negligibly small. In this work we revisit the electroweak corrections to the dark matter-nucleon scattering cross section in a model with a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson as the Dark Matter candidate. Two calculations that already exist in the literature, apply different approaches resulting in different final results for the cross section in some regions of the parameter space leading us to redo the calculation and analyse the two approaches to clarify the situation. We furthermore update the experimental constraints and examine the regions of the parameter space where the cross section is above the neutrino floor but which can only be probed in the far future.
description: 27 pages, 13 figures
Stability of Phase Coexistence in Atomic Clusters
Creators: name: Hendy, S. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microcanonical critical droplet theory and molecular dynamics simulations are used to examine static coexistence between solid and liquid phases in nanoscale lead clusters. It is shown that the theory predicts the existence of a metastable coexisting state above a critical cluster radius $R_1$, with this state becoming stable for clusters of radius $R > R_2$. Molecular dynamics simulations of lead clusters confirm the existence of stable coexisting states in 1427-atom and 2057-atom clusters but find no stable coexisting state in a 931-atom cluster.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
REGULAÇÃO SOBRE SISTEMAS AGROINDUSTRIAIS DE PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARADA
Creators: name: Mourad, Camila Benatti
name: Zylbersztajn, Decio
name: Mourad, Camila Benatti
name: Zylbersztajn, Decio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Biodiesel
subject: custo de transação
subject: sistemas agroindustriais.

description: Objetivou-se, neste estudo,analisar o efeito da regulação sobre a eficiência dos sistemas agroindustriais de produção de biodiesel, tendo em vista os custos de transação presentes nos arranjos induzidos e espontâneos. O aporte teórico utilizado para embasar este estudo foi a Nova Economia Institucional e a Economia dos Custos de Transação, em que a escolha entre arranjos institucionais necessita levar em consideração os custos envolvidos em operar cada possibilidade. Como método de pesquisa, utilizou-se o estudo de casos múltiplos em Goiás, Bahia e São Paulo, nos quais foram estudados os arranjos institucionais da soja, da mamona, do girassol e do pinhão manso. A partir da análise dos custos de transação presentes em cada arranjo, constatou-se que a compra de soja, via mercado, seria a escolha espontânea caso o agente regulador não deslocasse a escolha dos agentes para arranjos considerados subeficientes como a compra de oleaginosas via contrato. Como os agentes são levados a transacionar em arranjos de maior custo, identificou-se a criação de mecanismos para a redução desses custos como a triangulação de matérias-primas e “contratos de balcão” com agricultores. Conclui-se que a regulação insere custos de transação nos SAG e, com isso, altera a eficiência do sistema e compromete o alcance dos objetivos da política pública.
The rigged Hilbert space of the algebra of the one-dimensional rectangular barrier potential
Creators: name: de la Madrid, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rigged Hilbert space of the algebra of the one-dimensional rectangular barrier potential is constructed. The one-dimensional rectangular potential provides another opportunity to show that the rigged Hilbert space fully accounts for Dirac's bra-ket formalism. The analogy between Dirac's formalism and Fourier methods is pointed out.
description: 33 pages in IOP style
LOGÍSTICA DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ETANOL: UMA PROPOSTA DE AVALIAÇÃO PARA A VIABILIDADE NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE ALCOOLDUTOS A PARTIR DO CENTRO OESTE DO BRASIL
Creators: name: Barros, Camila Cunha Coutinho
name: Wanke, Peter Fernandes
name: Barros, Camila Cunha Coutinho
name: Wanke, Peter Fernandes
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Etanol
subject: duto
subject: pesquisa operacional
subject: modelo de otimização.

description: Apresenta-se, neste artigo, um modelo de otimização para avaliar a viabilidade da utilização de dutos para a distribuição do etanol no Brasil. Primeiramente, houve a análise dos volumes captados em dutos existentes; depois, a análise dos volumes em locais ainda sem rede dutoviária. Baseados em dados reais, diferentes cenários foram considerados com o objetivo de determinar a configuração ótima, tanto em termos de traçados quanto de volumes captados, de cada região servida pelo sistema dutoviário. O modelo proposto foi resolvido usando o AIMMS 3.12, software de modelagem matemática. Os resultados indicaram que alcooldutos são economicamente viáveis sempre que ligando produtores do Centro-Oeste a instalações localizadas no estado de São Paulo. Por outro lado, houve pequena ou nenhuma viabilidade sempre que conectando Minas Gerais a Goiás.
title: Stop to unlock - improving the security of unlock patterns on mobile devices
Creators: name: Suchan, Alexander
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: unlock pattern
subject: mobile devices
subject: security evaluation
subject: usability metrics
subject: entropy
subject: user study
subject: authentication

description: In this master thesis, we propose a security improvement for traditional unlock patterns as found in modern off-the-shelf smartphones. With our StopUnlock Patterns we propose to add a stop component which lets users define nodes where they deliberately stop for a limited amount of time before swiping to the next node of their unlock pattern. We argue that this stop component lets users select higher entropy patterns with only a minimal impact on usability metrics (such as authentication time and error rate) in comparison to simply increasing the length of the pattern. To evaluate StopUnlock Patterns, we conducted a lab study (n=40), a field study (n=14) and a security evaluation. Our findings suggest that StopUnlock Patterns (i) are easy to use, (ii) are memorable, and (iii) improve security.