cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Laboratory Complex for the Calibration of Photometers Using the Optical Method for Determination of the Water Vapor Content in the Earth Atmosphere
Creators: name: Galkin, V. D.
name: Sal'nikov, I. B.
name: Nikanorova, I. N.
name: Leiterer, U.
name: Naebert, T.
name: Alekseeva, G. A.
name: Novikov, V. V.
name: Ilyin, G. N.
name: Pakhomov, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the laboratory complex for the calibration of photometers that are used in weather service to measure the water vapor content in the Earth atmosphere. The complex was built up in Pulkovo Observatory and developed within the framework of collaboration between Pulkovo Observatory and Lindenberg Meteorological Observatory (Meteorologisches Observatorium Lindenberg - Richard-Aßmann-Observatorium, Lindenberg, Germany). It is used to obtain calibration dependences for individual devices, and also to develop and compare various methods of construction of calibration dependences. These techniques are based on direct calibration of the photometers, on the use of spectral laboratory transmission functions for water vapor, on calculation methods using spectroscopical databases for individual lines. We hope that when the parameters of the equipment are taken into account in detail and new results for the absorptive power of water vapor are used, the accuracy of determination of the water vapor content in the atmosphere of 1-2% may be attained.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, 1 table. English version of russian paper
Supplemental Material.pdf from Social network inheritance and differentiation in wild baboons
Creators: name: Roatti, Vittoria
name: Cowlishaw, Guy
name: Huchard, Elise
name: Carter, Alecia
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Immatures' social development may be fundamental to understand important biological processes, such as social information transmission through groups, that can vary with age and sex. Our aim was to determine how social networks change with age and differ between sexes in wild immature baboons, group-living primates that readily learn socially. Our results show that immature baboons inherited their mothers' networks and differentiated from them as they aged, increasing their association with partners of similar age and the same sex. Males were less bonded to their matriline and became more peripheral with age compared to females. Our results may pave the way to further studies testing a new hypothetical framework: in female-philopatric societies, social information transmission may be constrained at the matrilineal level by age- and sex-driven social clustering.
Supplemental Material_Titles and Captions.docx from Social network inheritance and differentiation in wild baboons
Creators: name: Roatti, Vittoria
name: Cowlishaw, Guy
name: Huchard, Elise
name: Carter, Alecia
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Immatures' social development may be fundamental to understand important biological processes, such as social information transmission through groups, that can vary with age and sex. Our aim was to determine how social networks change with age and differ between sexes in wild immature baboons, group-living primates that readily learn socially. Our results show that immature baboons inherited their mothers' networks and differentiated from them as they aged, increasing their association with partners of similar age and the same sex. Males were less bonded to their matriline and became more peripheral with age compared to females. Our results may pave the way to further studies testing a new hypothetical framework: in female-philopatric societies, social information transmission may be constrained at the matrilineal level by age- and sex-driven social clustering.
Convergence of sectorial operators on varying Hilbert space
Creators: name: Mugnolo, Delio
name: Nittka, Robin
name: Post, Olaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34B45, 35P05, 47D06

description: Convergence of operators acting on a given Hilbert space is an old and well studied topic in operator theory. The idea of introducing a related notion for operators acting on arying spaces is natural. However, it seems that the first results in this direction have been obtained only recently, to the best of our knowledge. Here we consider sectorial operators on scales of Hilbert spaces. We define a notion of convergence that generalises convergence of the resolvents in operator norm to the case when the operators act on different spaces and show that this kind of convergence is compatible with the functional calculus of the operator and moreover implies convergence of the spectrum. Finally, we present examples for which this convergence can be checked, including convergence of coefficients of parabolic problems. Convergence of a manifold (roughly speaking consisting of thin tubes) towards the manifold's skeleton graph plays a prominent role, being our main application.
description: 39 pages, 1 figure; accepted for publication in: Operators and Matrices
Additional file 15 of DNA methylation differs extensively between strains of the same geographical origin and changes with age in Daphnia magna
Creators: name: Hearn, Jack
name: Plenderleith, Fiona
name: Little, Tom J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 15: Figure S4. Part A) PCA analysis of beta values for the twelve Age significant CpGs selected by penalised lasso regression. As for Fig. 3a), C32 young individuals cluster separately on PC1. Part B) The relationship between predicted epigenetic age and chronological age for all replicates for the ‘No-CH’ dataset, coloured by strain and calculated from the 4 CpGs that contributed most to the penalised lasso regression model.
Electronic Properties of Graphene in a Strong Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Goerbig, M. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the basic aspects of electrons in graphene (two-dimensional graphite) exposed to a strong perpendicular magnetic field. One of its most salient features is the relativistic quantum Hall effect the observation of which has been the experimental breakthrough in identifying pseudo-relativistic massless charge carriers as the low-energy excitations in graphene. The effect may be understood in terms of Landau quantization for massless Dirac fermions, which is also the theoretical basis for the understanding of more involved phenomena due to electronic interactions. We present the role of electron-electron interactions both in the weak-coupling limit, where the electron-hole excitations are determined by collective modes, and in the strong-coupling regime of partially filled relativistic Landau levels. In the latter limit, exotic ferromagnetic phases and incompressible quantum liquids are expected to be at the origin of recently observed (fractional) quantum Hall states. Furthermore, we discuss briefly the electron-phonon coupling in a strong magnetic field. Although the present review has a dominating theoretical character, a close connection with available experimental observation is intended.
description: 56 pages, 27 figures; published version with minor corrections and updated references
Dynamo-driven plasmoid ejections above a spherical surface
Creators: name: Warnecke, Jörn
name: Brandenburg, Axel
name: Mitra, Dhrubaditya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend earlier models of turbulent dynamos with an upper, nearly force-free exterior to spherical geometry, and study how flux emerges from lower layers to the upper ones without being driven by magnetic buoyancy. We also study how this affects the possibility of plasmoid ejection. A spherical wedge is used that includes northern and southern hemispheres up to mid-latitudes and a certain range in longitude of the Sun. In radius, we cover both the region that corresponds to the convection zone in the Sun and the immediate exterior up to twice the radius of the Sun. Turbulence is driven with a helical forcing function in the interior, where the sign changes at the equator between the two hemispheres. An oscillatory large-scale dynamo with equatorward migration is found to operate in the turbulence zone. Plasmoid ejections occur in regular intervals, similar to what is seen in earlier Cartesian models. These plasmoid ejections are tentatively associated with coronal mass ejections. The magnetic helicity is found to change sign outside the turbulence zone, which is in agreement with recent findings for the solar wind.
description: 11 pages, 19 figures, accepted in A&A
Additional file 3 of DNA methylation differs extensively between strains of the same geographical origin and changes with age in Daphnia magna
Creators: name: Hearn, Jack
name: Plenderleith, Fiona
name: Little, Tom J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Figure S1. PCA plot of replicates for principal components one and two for the top 10000 most variably methylated CpGs by beta value including sample 5. This sample originates from C32 but clusters with KA53, it represents a mislabelled or contaminated sample and was removed from further analysis; C32 = red, KA53 = green.
The Determination of the Water Vapor Content in the Pulkovo VKM-100 Multipass Vacuum Cell Using Polymer Sensors of Humidity
Creators: name: Galkin, V. D.
name: Naebert, T.
name: Nikanorova, I. N.
name: Sal'nikov, I. B.
name: Leiterer, U.
name: Alekseeva, G. A.
name: Novikov, V. V.
name: Dauß, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In spectral studies of water vapor under laboratory conditions (determination of molecular constants, measurement for spectral transmission functions), the amount of water vapor in the time of the measurements is one of the most essential parameters, which should be determined accurately. We discuss the application for this purpose of polymer sensors of humidity manufactured by Praktik-NC (Moscow) and used in the Pulkovo VKM-100 multipass vacuum cell. These sensors were examined in the laboratory of Lindenberg Meteorological observatory (Germany) by comparison between their readings and those of standard measuring devices for various values of relative humidity, pressure, and temperature. We also carried out measurements of relative humidity in boxes with saline solution, in which the relative humidity that corresponds to a given solution is guaranteed with the accuracy of several tenths of percent. The analysis of the results of the laboratory examination of the sensors and extended sets of measurements made with the Pulkovo cell made it possible to conclude that in measurements in the interval of relative humidity 40-80%, the ~5% accuracy of the measurements for the water vapor content is reached. Further paths are indicated for the increase of the accuracy of measurements and extending the interval of the relative humidity, in which accurate measurements may be carried out.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures. English version of russian paper
A theoretical study of static heat-to-electricity conversion based on thermionic emission and complementary mechanisms
Creators: name: Rahman, Ehsanur
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Thermionic converters are promising candidates for static heat-to-electricity conversion due to their flexible form factor, low maintenance requirement, high power density, and potential for high efficiency. However, practical applications of thermionic converters have been hindered in the past by various engineering challenges such as the space charge effect and lack of materials with desirable properties. With the advent of microfabrication and nanotechnology, there has been renewed interest in thermionic conversion in the recent past. In particular, the micro-gap architecture has drawn significant attention as an elegant solution to mitigate the space charge effect. For example, micro-gap thermionic converters could enable chip-scale power generators. However, to make this a reality, apart from overcoming the engineering challenges, a thorough understanding of the devices' operation is necessary. The work presented in this thesis addresses this need by laying a foundation for multiphysics computational models for micro-gap thermionic converters both for single-stage devices and for various hybrid configurations including other mechanisms. For the single-stage thermionic converter, we develop self-consistent iterative models that consider the thermal and charge balance to accurately determine the electrode temperatures, space charge, thermal radiative coupling between the electrodes and its possible enhancement at small gaps due to the near-field effect, and the electrical and thermal losses in the lead resistance. This model shows how the micro-gap device performance and electrode temperatures are affected by the interelectrode gap size under the constraint of finite input power. Moreover, we reveal how the cathode material and its thermal coupling with the input energy source determine the nature of the device's response to light and its combined photo-thermionic behaviour. We also develop multiphysics models to investigate the prospects of hybrid thermionic-thermoelectric and thermionic-photovoltaic devices. We show that these different mechanisms can be operated in a complementary manner due to their different optimal temperature ranges of operation. Additionally, we show that, depending on the conversion mechanism of the second stage, such a hybrid device may or may not be more efficient than a single thermionic device. The above models represent a powerful approach to designing thermionic converters, developing new device concepts, and understanding their operation.
Higher order scrambled digital nets achieve the optimal rate of the root mean square error for smooth integrands
Creators: name: Dick, Josef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study a random sampling technique to approximate integrals $\int_{[0,1]^s}f(\mathbf{x})\,\mathrm{d}\mathbf{x}$ by averaging the function at some sampling points. We focus on cases where the integrand is smooth, which is a problem which occurs in statistics. The convergence rate of the approximation error depends on the smoothness of the function $f$ and the sampling technique. For instance, Monte Carlo (MC) sampling yields a convergence of the root mean square error (RMSE) of order $N^{-1/2}$ (where $N$ is the number of samples) for functions $f$ with finite variance. Randomized QMC (RQMC), a combination of MC and quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC), achieves a RMSE of order $N^{-3/2+\varepsilon}$ under the stronger assumption that the integrand has bounded variation. A combination of RQMC with local antithetic sampling achieves a convergence of the RMSE of order $N^{-3/2-1/s+\varepsilon}$ (where $s\ge1$ is the dimension) for functions with mixed partial derivatives up to order two. Additional smoothness of the integrand does not improve the rate of convergence of these algorithms in general. On the other hand, it is known that without additional smoothness of the integrand it is not possible to improve the convergence rate. This paper introduces a new RQMC algorithm, for which we prove that it achieves a convergence of the root mean square error (RMSE) of order $N^{-α-1/2+\varepsilon}$ provided the integrand satisfies the strong assumption that it has square integrable partial mixed derivatives up to order $α>1$ in each variable. Known lower bounds on the RMSE show that this rate of convergence cannot be improved in general for integrands with this smoothness. We provide numerical examples for which the RMSE converges approximately with order $N^{-5/2}$ and $N^{-7/2}$, in accordance with the theoretical upper bound.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOS880 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
The Cosmic Linear Anisotropy Solving System (CLASS) II: Approximation schemes
Creators: name: Blas, Diego
name: Lesgourgues, Julien
name: Tram, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Boltzmann codes are used extensively by several groups for constraining cosmological parameters with Cosmic Microwave Background and Large Scale Structure data. This activity is computationally expensive, since a typical project requires from 10'000 to 100'000 Boltzmann code executions. The newly released code CLASS (Cosmic Linear Anisotropy Solving System) incorporates improved approximation schemes leading to a simultaneous gain in speed and precision. We describe here the three approximations used by CLASS for basic LambdaCDM models, namely: a baryon-photon tight-coupling approximation which can be set to first order, second order or to a compromise between the two; an ultra-relativistic fluid approximation which had not been implemented in public distributions before; and finally a radiation streaming approximation taking reionisation into account.
description: 35 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables. Ultra-relativistic fluid approximation better justified in a new Appendix B. Version accepted in JCAP. Code available at http://class-code.net
Additional file 9 of DNA methylation differs extensively between strains of the same geographical origin and changes with age in Daphnia magna
Creators: name: Hearn, Jack
name: Plenderleith, Fiona
name: Little, Tom J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 9: Figure S3. Euler diagram of the overlap between ‘3xuCH’ and ‘No-CH’ filtering for CpGs significantly differentially methylated between strains.
Additional file 5 of DNA methylation differs extensively between strains of the same geographical origin and changes with age in Daphnia magna
Creators: name: Hearn, Jack
name: Plenderleith, Fiona
name: Little, Tom J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5: Figure S2. Distribution of CpGs with greater than 5% methylation combined across gene-bodies and by exon number (1 = closest to transcription start site) separately for each strain, showing that the distributions do not differ between them.
Causal structure and electrodynamics on Finsler spacetimes
Creators: name: Pfeifer, Christian
name: Wohlfarth, Mattias N. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a concise new definition of Finsler spacetimes that generalize Lorentzian metric manifolds and provide consistent backgrounds for physics. Extending standard mathematical constructions known from Finsler spaces we show that geometric objects like the Cartan non-linear connection and its curvature are well-defined almost everywhere on Finsler spacetimes, also on their null structure. This allows us to describe the complete causal structure in terms of timelike and null curves; these are essential to model physical observers and the propagation of light. We prove that the timelike directions form an open convex cone with null boundary as is the case in Lorentzian geometry. Moreover, we develop action integrals for physical field theories on Finsler spacetimes, and tools to deduce the corresponding equations of motion. These are applied to construct a theory of electrodynamics that confirms the claimed propagation of light along Finsler null geodesics.
description: 27 pages, 4 figures, additional comments
Application of a highly reconfigurable surface robotic platform for freshwater plume characterization and sampling near tidewater glacier front in Arctic critical environment
Creators: name: Ferretti, Roberta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: surface robotic platform;
Arctic critical environment
FAIR data

description: Oral presentation during the EGU General Assembly 2023, 24–28 Apr 2023, in Vienna, Austria in the session OS3.3, Effects of anthropogenic pressure on marine ecosystems (abstract EGU23-5514)
description: {"references": ["https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU23/EGU23-5514.html"]}
The number of absorbed individuals in branching Brownian motion with a barrier
Creators: name: Maillard, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study supercritical branching Brownian motion on the real line starting at the origin and with constant drift $c$. At the point $x > 0$, we add an absorbing barrier, i.e.\ individuals touching the barrier are instantly killed without producing offspring. It is known that there is a critical drift $c_0$, such that this process becomes extinct almost surely if and only if $c \ge c_0$. In this case, if $Z_x$ denotes the number of individuals absorbed at the barrier, we give an asymptotic for $P(Z_x=n)$ as $n$ goes to infinity. If $c=c_0$ and the reproduction is deterministic, this improves upon results of L. Addario-Berry and N. Broutin (2011) and E. A\"ıdékon (2010) on a conjecture by David Aldous about the total progeny of a branching random walk. The main technique used in the proofs is analysis of the generating function of $Z_x$ near its singular point 1, based on classical results on some complex differential equations.
description: 31 pages, final version, to appear in Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincar\'e, Section B. Corrects an error in proof of Theorem 1.1 and adds reference to Yang and Ren(2011)
Additional file 1 of Improved analysis of CRISPR fitness screens and reduced off-target effects with the BAGEL2 gene essentiality classifier
Creators: name: Eiru Kim
name: Hart, Traver
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. A) A brief flow diagram of CRISPR pooled library screen analysis using BAGEL pipeline with additional description about threshold B) A brief scheme of downsampling analysis for defining a log decay threshold function C) A scatter plot represented log-density after down-sampling (50%, 25%, 10%, 5%, 1%) at the original left side x limit, XL0. D) A plot of maximum log density of each down-sampling proportion using DepMap screens and the applied log-decay function in BAGEL2 derived from DepMap Achilles CRISPR screens. Fig. S2. A) A plot explains how to calculate increment of Bayes Factor for measuring multi-targeting effect. B) A two-dimensional dot plot gRNAs targeting multiple regions but only targeting one protein-coding gene. Each dot is located at the number of perfect-matched targets and 1-bp mismatched targets with random jitter and colored by increment of Bayes Factor. Fig. S3. A,B) The number of false positives defined by A) non-essential genes in matched shRNA screens (score > 0, DEMETER2) and B) reference non-essential genes in predicted essential genesets when the scope is limited to genes having gRNAs mapped over than five 1-bp mismatched targets that are likely from multi-targeting effects of 1-bp mismatched targets. C,D) Agreement of genes that have gRNAs targeting 5 or more regions with 1-bp mismatch between Sanger data (Project Score data) and Broad data (Avana dataset) A) before multi-targeting effect correction and B) after multi-targeting effect correction. Fig. S4. A,B) Fold change distribution plots for a replicate of HUP-T3 cell (A) before and (B) after fold change perturbation. To generate an low performance outlier sample, we added random noise to foldchange value. C) Quality scores of each replicate. D) F-measures (BF = 5) of combination of replicates. Adding the outlier (replicate D) to other high confident replicates reduce overall performance in condition of a few replicates (A vs AD and AB vs ABD).
The Philippines in microcosm : transcultural engagements and Catholic visual culture under Spanish imperialism (c. eighteenth-nineteenth centuries)
Creators: name: Paglinawan, Alexi Louise Cordero
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: This thesis considers the visual production and culture of the Philippines from the Spanish colonial era (1521-1898). It aims at shedding further light on the complexities of Philippine art history as one that is both autonomous and transculturally intertwined with other histories. Through the concept of conversion as expanding beyond a mere shift in faith, I argue that the objects in focus are evidence of the shaping of the land and people of the Philippines as subordinates of the Spanish Empire. Emphasizing on the people’s conversion to the religion and culture of Catholic Spain, the analysis of religious imagery in the works of Jesuit Fr. Pedro Murillo Velarde’s Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas (1734) in partnership with Filipino artisans, Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay and Francisco Suarez, and paintings using Catholic iconography—specifically of the Via Crucis (Stations of the Cross) by an unknown Bohol Master (1830) and two renditions of the “triplet” Santisima Trinidad (Holy Trinity) also by unknown artists (c. late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century)—I illustrate how these objects articulate the various modes of conversion used under Spanish imperialism. Since Spanish imperialism cannot be disassociated from the use of the Catholic faith and the subsequent conversion of non-European communities, I examine the complex and contradictory impacts of nearly four centuries of Spanish colonialism on Philippine land, its peoples and their cultures. While I make references to the sixteenth century, this is to clearly outline the historical foundations of Spanish settlement in the Philippines, as it establishes the colonial regime in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries from which the objects in focus date from.
Quantum interference in a four-level system of a $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atom: Effects of spontaneously generated coherence
Creators: name: Wang, Dongsheng
name: Zheng, Yujun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, the effects of quantum interference and spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) are theoretically analyzed in a four level system of a $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atom. For the effects of SGC, we find that a new kind of EIT channel can be induced due to destructive interference, and the nonlinear Kerr absorption can be coherently narrowed or eliminated under different strengths of the coupling and switching fields.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 12 of Enhanced tyrosine sulfation is associated with chronic kidney disease-related atherosclerosis
Creators: name: Dai, Daopeng
name: Zhu, Zhengbin
name: Han, Hui
name: Xu, Tian
name: Feng, Shuo
name: Zhang, Wenli
name: Ding, Fenghua
name: Zhang, Ruiyan
name: Zhu, Jinzhou
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 12: Table S4. Genotype identification results for F0 mice.
Klein tunneling in graphene: optics with massless electrons
Creators: name: Allain, P. E.
name: Fuchs, J. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article provides a pedagogical review on Klein tunneling in graphene, i.e. the peculiar tunneling properties of two-dimensional massless Dirac electrons. We consider two simple situations in detail: a massless Dirac electron incident either on a potential step or on a potential barrier and use elementary quantum wave mechanics to obtain the transmission probability. We emphasize the connection to related phenomena in optics, such as the Snell-Descartes law of refraction, total internal reflection, Fabry-Pérot resonances, negative refraction index materials (the so called meta-materials), etc. We also stress that Klein tunneling is not a genuine quantum tunneling effect as it does not necessarily involve passing through a classically forbidden region via evanescent waves. A crucial role in Klein tunneling is played by the conservation of (sublattice) pseudo-spin, which is discussed in detail. A major consequence is the absence of backscattering at normal incidence, of which we give a new shorten proof. The current experimental status is also thoroughly reviewed. The appendix contains the discussion of a one-dimensional toy model that clearly illustrates the difference in Klein tunneling between mono- and bi-layer graphene.
description: short review article, 18 pages, 14 figures; v3: references added, several figures slightly modified
Additional file 1 of Quantifying the under-reporting of uncorrelated longitudal data: the genital warts example
Creators: name: Moriña, David
name: Fernández-Fontelo, Amanda
name: Cabaña, Alejandra
name: Puig, Pedro
name: Monfil, Laura
name: Brotons, Maria
name: Diaz, Mireia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1 Additional tables and R code to reproduce the analyses.
Indeterminacy in latent variable models : characterization and strong identifiability
Creators: name: Xi, Quanhan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Latent variable models posit that an unobserved, or latent, set of variables describe the statistical properties of the observed data. The inferential goal is to recover the unobserved values, which can then be used for a variety of down-stream tasks. Recently, generative models, which attempt learn a deterministic mapping (the generator) from the latent to observed variables, have become popular for a variety of applications. However, arbitrarily different latent values may give rise to the same dataset especially in modern non-linear models, an issue known as latent variable indeterminacy. In the presence of indeterminacy, many scientific problems which generative models aim to solve become ill-defined. In this thesis, we develop a mathematical framework to analyze the indeterminacies of a wide range of generative models by framing it as a special type of statistical identifiability. By doing so, we unify existing model-specific derivations from various corners of the diverse literature on identifiability in latent variable models. Using our framework, we also derive conditions to eliminate indeterminacies completely while maintaining the flexibility of modern methods. Using these conditions, we are able to target precisely the sources of indeterminacy to derive novel results on the weak and strong identifiability of popular generative models, and variations thereof.
J/psi production in proton-nucleus collisions at 158 and 400 GeV
Creators: name: Arnaldi, R.
name: Banicz, K.
name: Castor, J.
name: Chaurand, B.
name: Chen, W.
name: Cicalo, C.
name: Colla, A.
name: Cortese, P.
name: Damjanovic, S.
name: David, A.
name: de Falco, A.
name: Devaux, A.
name: Ducroux, L.
name: En'yo, H.
name: Fargeix, J.
name: Ferretti, A.
name: Floris, M.
name: Foerster, A.
name: Force, P.
name: Guettet, N.
name: Guichard, A.
name: Gulkanian, H.
name: Heuser, J. M.
name: Keil, M.
name: Li, Z.
name: Lourenco, C.
name: Lozano, J.
name: Manso, F.
name: Martins, P.
name: Masoni, A.
name: Neves, A.
name: Ohnishi, H.
name: Oppedisano, C.
name: Parracho, P.
name: Pillot, P.
name: Poghosyan, T.
name: Puddu, G.
name: Radermacher, E.
name: Ramalhete, P.
name: Rosinsky, P.
name: Scomparin, E.
name: Seixas, J.
name: Serci, S.
name: Shahoyan, R.
name: Sonderegger, P.
name: Specht, H. J.
name: Tieulent, R.
name: Uras, A.
name: Usai, G.
name: Veenhof, R.
name: Woehri, H. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The NA60 experiment has studied J/psi production in p-A collisions at 158 and 400 GeV, at the CERN SPS. Nuclear effects on the J/psi yield have been estimated from the A-dependence of the production cross section ratios sigma_{J/psi}^{A}/sigma_{J/psi}^{Be} (A=Al, Cu, In, W, Pb, U). We observe a significant nuclear suppression of the J/psi yield per nucleon-nucleon collision, with a larger effect at lower incident energy, and we compare this result with previous observations by other fixed-target experiments. An attempt to disentangle the different contributions to the observed suppression has been carried out by studying the dependence of nuclear effects on x_2, the fraction of nucleon momentum carried by the interacting parton in the target nucleus.
description: NA60 Collaboration, accepted for publication by Phys. Lett. B
Cosmic Acceleration and the Helicity-0 Graviton
Creators: name: de Rham, Claudia
name: Gabadadze, Gregory
name: Heisenberg, Lavinia
name: Pirtskhalava, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore cosmology in the decoupling limit of a non-linear covariant extension of Fierz-Pauli massive gravity obtained recently in arXiv:1007.0443. In this limit the theory is a scalar-tensor model of a unique form defined by symmetries. We find that it admits a self-accelerated solution, with the Hubble parameter set by the graviton mass. The negative pressure causing the acceleration is due to a condensate of the helicity-0 component of the massive graviton, and the background evolution, in the approximation used, is indistinguishable from the ΛCDM model. Fluctuations about the self-accelerated background are stable for a certain range of parameters involved. Most surprisingly, the fluctuation of the helicity-0 field above its background decouples from an arbitrary source in the linearized theory. We also show how massive gravity can remarkably screen an arbitrarily large cosmological constant in the decoupling limit, while evading issues with ghosts. The obtained static solution is stable against small perturbations, suggesting that the degravitation of the vacuum energy is possible in the full theory. Interestingly, however, this mechanism postpones the Vainshtein effect to shorter distance scales. Hence, fifth force measurements severely constrain the value of the cosmological constant that can be neutralized, making this scheme phenomenologically not viable for solving the old cosmological constant problem. We briefly speculate on a possible way out of this issue.
description: v2: improved discussion and referencing
Additional file 1 of Efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Huazheng Qu
name: Shui Sun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 1 of Effects of contact tracing and nucleic acid testing on the COVID-19 outbreak in Zunyi, China: data-driven study using a branching process model
Creators: name: Feng, Jun
name: Zhu, Wenlong
name: Ye, Xingui
name: Liu, Zhixi
name: Zhu, Yue
name: Wu, Qinyi
name: Yang, Guanghong
name: Wang, Weibing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Initial baseline values and values used in the sensitivity analysis of the branching process model. Figure S1. Sensitivity analysis of the interval of initial case from exposure to confirmation. A, B, C, D and E was the impact of R0, proportion of asymptomatic infections, effective vaccine coverage, probability of contact traced and start time of nucleic acid test on the interval respectively. Figure S2. Sensitivity analysis of the number of potential infections for different proportions of asymptomatic infections (A), different probability of contact tracing (B), and different start time of nucleic acid testing (C). The horizontal black dotted lines indicate the baseline scenario (66.48% simulations with potential infections less than 10) using parameters in Table S1. Figure S3. Probability of cumulative cases exceeding 20 (blue), 50 (red), and 100 (green) for different values of R0 (A), different numbers of initial cases (B), different mean incubation period (C), different proportion of asymptomatic infections (D), different effective vaccine coverage (E), different probability of contact tracing (F), and different start time of nucleic acid testing (G). The vertical grey dotted lines indicate the baseline scenario, using parameters in Table S1.
Frames by Multiplication
Creators: name: Balazs, Peter
name: Cabrelli, Carlos
name: Heineken, Sigrid
name: Molter, Ursula
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this note we study frame-related properties of a sequence of functions multiplied by another function. In particular we study frame and Riesz basis properties. We apply these results to sets of irregular translates of a bandlimited function $h$ in $L^2(\R^d)$. This is achieved by looking at a set of exponentials restricted to a set $E \subset \R^d$ with frequencies in a countable set $Λ$ and multiplying it by the Fourier transform of a fixed function $h \in L^2(E)$. Using density results due to Beurling, we prove the existence and give ways to construct frames by irregular translates.
New generalized nonspherical black hole solutions
Creators: name: Kleihaus, Burkhard
name: Kunz, Jutta
name: Radu, Eugen
name: Rodriguez, Maria J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present numerical evidence for the existence of several types of static black hole solutions with a nonspherical event horizon topology in $d\geq 6$ spacetime dimensions. These asymptotically flat configurations are found for a specific metric ansatz and can be viewed as higher dimensional counterparts of the $d=5$ static black rings, dirings and black Saturn. Similar to that case, they are supported against collapse by conical singularities. The issue of rotating generalizations of these solutions is also considered.
description: 47 pages, 11 figures, some comments added
Adaptability and performance of a wearable fall and near-fall detection system
Creators: name: Michael, Alexi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Falls in older adults lead to serious physical and mental consequences. An assessment of an older adult’s history of imbalance, characterized by their fall and near-fall history, is an imperative aspect of fall risk assessment. However, cognitive errors during the recall of imbalance events result in an inaccurate capture of fall risk. The detection of falls and near-falls using a wearable sensor system could allow for a quantifiable capture of imbalance for improved risk assessment. However, wearable systems often rely on the placement of sensors on specific locations of the body, limiting their adaptability for users and researchers. This thesis explores the development of an adaptable fall and near-fall detection system that can be deployed in multiple sensor placements. Furthermore, this thesis improves the near-fall detection ability of a multiclass system. Data was collected from 17 participants (9 females, 8 males) simulating 8 types of falls, 7 types of near-falls, and 8 types of activities of daily living. Participants were equipped with three inertial measurement units, placed on a combination of the lower back, thighs, sternum, and arms. The F1-score (harmonic mean of precision and recall) was assessed overall and for each movement category. A support vector machine trained with data aggregated across multiple sensor placements consistently detected imbalance events when tested on various sensor placements (Macro F1-score: 84.64 ± 5.57%). Models trained with data from a specific sensor placement led to decreases in the Macro F1-score of 29.87 ± 7.26% when tested on a different sensor placement. Although the placement-adaptable model demonstrated better overall performance, the detection of near-falls remained relatively poor (Near-Fall F1-score: 50.06 ± 31.42%). An incorporation of data before and after a suspected imbalance event increased the near-fall sensitivity by 31.35 ± 9.62% across multiple sensor placements. Furthermore, the addition of an RUSBoost model reduced class imbalances by screening 82.02% of non-imbalance events prior to classification. In conclusion, the development of an adaptable fall and near-fall detection system requires the collection of data across multiple sensor placements. Incorporation of contextual information can further augment performance, leading to a clinically relevant and user-friendly detection system.
Branching problems of Zuckerman derived functor modules
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Toshiyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 22E46, 53C35

description: We discuss recent developments on branching problems of irreducible unitary representations $π$ of real reductive groups when restricted to reductive subgroups. Highlighting the case where the underlying $(g,K)$-modules of $π$ are isomorphic to Zuckerman's derived functor modules $A_q(λ)$, we show various and rich features of branching laws such as infinite multiplicities, irreducible restrictions, multiplicity-free restrictions, and discrete decomposable restrictions. We also formulate a number of conjectures.
description: Proceedings of Conference in honor of Gregg Zuckerman's 60th birthday at Yale in 2009 (v3: fixed 3 typos)
Additional file 1 of Testing strategies for couple engagement in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and family health in Kenya: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Kwena, Zachary
name: Kimbo, Liza
name: Darbes, Lynae A.
name: Hatcher, Abigail M.
name: Helova, Anna
name: Owino, George
name: Harsha Thirumurthy
name: Bukusi, Elizabeth A.
name: Braun, Thomas
name: Kilgore, Meredith
name: Pisu, Maria
name: Tamhane, Ashutosh
name: Nghiem, Van T.
name: Kawango Agot
name: Neilands, Torsten B.
name: Turan, Janet M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist.
Extension of Nelson's Stochastic Quantization to Finite Temperature Using Thermo Field Dynamics
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Keita
name: Yamanaka, Yoshiya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extension of Nelson's stochastic quantum mechanics to finite temperature. Utilizing the formulation of Thermo Field Dynamics (TFD), we can show that Ito's stochastic equations for tilde and non-tilde particle positions reproduce the TFD-type Schrödinger equation which is equivalent to the Liouville-von Neumann equation. In our formalism, the drift terms in the Ito's stochastic equation have the temperature dependence and the thermal fluctuation is induced through the correlation of the non-tilde and tilde particles. We show that our formalism satisfy the position-momentum uncertainty relation at finite temperature.
description: 9 page, 2 figures
Tanzania national panel survey LSMS-ISA: sorghum & millet
Creators: name: Elysia Slakie
name: McKee, Caitlin
name: Gaffney, Angela
name: Gugerty, Mary Kay
name: C Leigh Anderson
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Tanzania national panel survey LSMS-ISA: sorghum & millet
Constructing monotones for quantum phase references in totally dephasing channels
Creators: name: Toloui, Borzu
name: Gour, Gilad
name: Sanders, Barry C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Restrictions on quantum operations give rise to resource theories. Total lack of a shared reference frame for transformations associated with a group G between two parties is equivalent to having, in effect, an invariant channel between the parties and a corresponding superselection rule. The resource associated with the absence of the reference frame is known as "frameness" or "asymmetry." We show that any entanglement monotone for pure bipartite states can be adapted as a pure-state frameness monotone for phase-invariant channels [equivalently U(1) superselection rules] and extended to the case of mixed states via the convex-roof extension. As an application, we construct a family of concurrence monotones for U(1) frameness for general finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. Furthermore, we study "frameness of formation" for mixed states analogous to entanglement of formation. In the case of a qubit, we show that it can be expressed as an analytical function of the concurrence analogously to the Wootters formula for entanglement of formation. Our results highlight deep links between entanglement and frameness resource theories.
description: 10 pages