cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Neural Mechanisms of Emotion Regulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Creators: name: Sabatino, Antoinette
name: Dichter, Gabriel S.
name: Heller, Aaron S.
name: Petty, Chris
name: Rittenberg, Alison
name: Davidson, Richard J.
name: Coffman, Marika C.
name: Bizzell, Josh
name: Smoski, Moria
name: Damiano, Cara R.
name: Richey, J. Anthony
name: Voyvodic, James
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by high rates of comorbid internalizing and externalizing disorders. One mechanistic account of these comorbidities is that ASD is characterized by impaired emotion regulation (ER) that results in deficits modulating emotional responses. We assessed neural activation during cognitive reappraisal of faces in high functioning adults with ASD. Groups did not differ in looking time, pupilometry, or subjective ratings of faces during reappraisal. However, instructions to increase positive and negative emotional responses resulted in less increase in nucleus accumbens and amygdala activations (respectively) in the ASD group, and both regulation instructions resulted in less change in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation in the ASD group. Results suggest a potential mechanistic account of impaired ER in ASD.
Subdiffusion equation with Caputo fractional derivative with respect to another function in modelling diffusion in a complex system consisting of matrix and channels
Creators: name: Kosztołowicz, Tadeusz
name: Dutkiewicz, Aldona
name: Lewandowska, Katarzyna D.
name: Wąsik, Sławomir
name: Arabski, Michał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diffusion equation with a fractional Caputo time derivative with respect to another function $g$, which defines new time scale of the process, is applied to describe anomalous diffusion of antibiotic (colistin) in a system consisting of packed gel (alginate) beads immersed in water and impregnated with the antibiotic. We show that ultraslow diffusion of colistin in the system occurs. The equation, which is more general than the "ordinary" fractional subdiffusion equation, can be widely used in various fields of science to model diffusion in a matrix with channels system when subdiffusion parameters and even a type of diffusion evolves over time.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Reading and Phonological Skills in Boys with Fragile X Syndrome
Creators: name: Roberts, Jane E.
name: Hunt, Anna W.
name: Klusek, Jessica
name: Mirrett, Penny L.
name: Hatton, Deborah D.
name: Bailey, Donald B.
name: Hooper, Stephen R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Reading skills are critical for the success of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Literacy has received little attention in fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common inherited cause of intellectual impairment. This study examined the literacy profile of FXS and tested phonological awareness and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms as predictors of literacy.
Generalization Error Analysis of Neural networks with Gradient Based Regularization
Creators: name: Li, Lingfeng
name: Tai, Xue-Cheng
name: Yang, Jiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study gradient-based regularization methods for neural networks. We mainly focus on two regularization methods: the total variation and the Tikhonov regularization. Applying these methods is equivalent to using neural networks to solve some partial differential equations, mostly in high dimensions in practical applications. In this work, we introduce a general framework to analyze the generalization error of regularized networks. The error estimate relies on two assumptions on the approximation error and the quadrature error. Moreover, we conduct some experiments on the image classification tasks to show that gradient-based methods can significantly improve the generalization ability and adversarial robustness of neural networks. A graphical extension of the gradient-based methods are also considered in the experiments.
Value-Added Predictors of Expressive and Receptive Language Growth in Initially Nonverbal Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Creators: name: Watson, Linda R.
name: Yoder, Paul
name: Lambert, Warren
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Eighty-seven preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders who were initially nonverbal (under 6 words in language sample and under 21 parent-reported words said) were assessed at five time points over 16 months. Statistical models that accounted for the intercorrelation among nine theoretically- and empirically-motivated predictors, as well as two background variables (i.e., cognitive impairment level, autism severity), were applied to identify value-added predictors of expressive and receptive spoken language growth and outcome. The results indicate that responding to joint attention, intentional communication, and parent linguistic responses were value-added predictors of both expressive and receptive spoken language growth. In addition, consonant inventory was a value-added predictor of expressive growth; early receptive vocabulary and autism severity were value-added predictors of receptive growth.
A new Lagrangian dynamic reduction in field theory
Creators: name: Gay-Balmaz, François
name: Ratiu, Tudor S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70S05, 70S15, 70H03, 70H30, 70H99, 58E30, 58E40

description: For symmetric classical field theories on principal bundles there are two methods of symmetry reduction: covariant and dynamic. Assume that the classical field theory is given by a symmetric covariant Lagrangian density defined on the first jet bundle of a principal bundle. It is shown that covariant and dynamic reduction lead to equivalent equations of motion. This is achieved by constructing a new Lagrangian defined on an infinite dimensional space which turns out to be gauge group invariant.
description: This paper has appeared in 2010 in the Annales de l'Institut Fourier 16(3), 1125-1160
Dust in the Wind with Resonant Drag Instabilities: I. The Dynamics of Dust-Driven Outflows in GMCs and HII Regions
Creators: name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Rosen, Anna L.
name: Squire, Jonathan
name: Panopoulou, Georgia V.
name: Soliman, Nadine H.
name: Seligman, Darryl
name: Steinwandel, Ulrich P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiation-dust driven outflows, where radiation pressure on dust grains accelerates gas, occur in many astrophysical environments. Almost all previous numerical studies of these systems have assumed that the dust was perfectly-coupled to the gas. However, it has recently been shown that the dust in these systems is unstable to a large class of resonant drag instabilities (RDIs) which de-couple the dust and gas dynamics and could qualitatively change the nonlinear outcome of these outflows. We present the first simulations of radiation-dust driven outflows in stratified, inhomogeneous media, including explicit grain dynamics and a realistic spectrum of grain sizes and charge, magnetic fields and Lorentz forces on grains (which dramatically enhance the RDIs), Coulomb and Epstein drag forces, and explicit radiation transport allowing for different grain absorption and scattering properties. In this paper we consider conditions resembling giant molecular clouds (GMCs), HII regions, and distributed starbursts, where optical depths are modest, single-scattering effects dominate radiation-dust coupling, Lorentz forces dominate over drag on grains, and the fastest-growing RDIs are similar, such as magnetosonic and fast-gyro RDIs. These RDIs generically produce strong size-dependent dust clustering, growing nonlinear on timescales that are much shorter than the characteristic times of the outflow. The instabilities produce filamentary and plume-like or 'horsehead' nebular morphologies that are remarkably similar to observed dust structures in GMCs and HII regions. Additionally, in some cases they strongly alter the magnetic field structure and topology relative to filaments. Despite driving strong micro-scale dust clumping which leaves some gas behind, an order-unity fraction of the gas is always efficiently entrained by dust.
description: 25 pages, 22 figures. Updated to match published version
Near optimal compressed sensing without priors: Parametric SURE Approximate Message Passing
Creators: name: Guo, Chunli
name: Davies, Mike E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Both theoretical analysis and empirical evidence confirm that the approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm can be interpreted as recursively solving a signal denoising problem: at each AMP iteration, one observes a Gaussian noise perturbed original signal. Retrieving the signal amounts to a successive noise cancellation until the noise variance decreases to a satisfactory level. In this paper we incorporate the Stein's unbiased risk estimate (SURE) based parametric denoiser with the AMP framework and propose the novel parametric SURE-AMP algorithm. At each parametric SURE-AMP iteration, the denoiser is adaptively optimized within the parametric class by minimizing SURE, which depends purely on the noisy observation. In this manner, the parametric SURE-AMP is guaranteed with the best-in-class recovery and convergence rate. If the parameter family includes the families of the mimimum mean squared error (MMSE) estimators, we are able to achieve the Bayesian optimal AMP performance without knowing the signal prior. In the paper, we resort to the linear parameterization of the SURE based denoiser and propose three different kernel families as the base functions. Numerical simulations with the Bernoulli-Gaussian, $k$-dense and Student's-t signals demonstrate that the parametric SURE-AMP does not only achieve the state-of-the-art recovery but also runs more than 20 times faster than the EM-GM-GAMP algorithm.
description: Part of the work will be presented at the European Signal Processing Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, September 2014
The Stellar Mass of M31 as inferred by the Andromeda Optical & Infrared Disk Survey
Creators: name: Sick, Jonathan
name: Courteau, Stephane
name: Cuillandre, Jean-Charles
name: Dalcanton, Julianne
name: de Jong, Roelof
name: McDonald, Michael
name: Simard, Dana
name: Tully, R. Brent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our proximity and external vantage point make M31 an ideal testbed for understanding the structure of spiral galaxies. The Andromeda Optical and Infrared Disk Survey (ANDROIDS) has mapped M31's bulge and disk out to R=40 kpc in $ugriJK_s$ bands with CFHT using a careful sky calibration. We use Bayesian modelling of the optical-infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) to estimate profiles of M31's stellar populations and mass along the major axis. This analysis provides evidence for inside-out disk formation and a declining metallicity gradient. M31's $i$-band mass-to-light ratio ($M/L_i^*$) decreases from 0.5 dex in the bulge to $\sim 0.2$ dex at 40 kpc. The best-constrained stellar population models use the full $ugriJK_s$ SED but are also consistent with optical-only fits. Therefore, while NIR data can be successfully modelled with modern stellar population synthesis, NIR data do not provide additional constraints in this application. Fits to the $gi$-SED alone yield $M/L_i^*$ that are systematically lower than the full SED fit by 0.1 dex. This is still smaller than the 0.3 dex scatter amongst different relations for $M/L_i$ via $g-i$ colour found in the literature. We advocate a stellar mass of $M_*(30\mathrm{kpc})=10.3^{+2.3}_{-1.7}\times 10^{10}\mathrm{M}_\odot$ for the M31 bulge and disk.
description: Sick et al. 2014, in IAU Symp. 311, Galaxy Masses as Constraints of Formation Models, ed. M. Cappellari & S. Courteau, (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press), in press. Version 2 corrects a typo in the abstract
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OF SME ACTORS TO ENCOURAGE INNOVATION IN THE CONTEXT OF GREEN ECONOMY IN MAKASSAR CITY
Creators: name: Iwan Perwira
name: Hernita
name: Palipada Palisuri
name: Mawar Fitriazahra
name: Zamrud Ichsan Rafi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Innovation, SMEs, Environment, Economy, Management.

description: Abstract

The type of research is qualitative through a phenomenological approach, while the results show that Human resource management (HRM) in small and medium enterprises in Makassar is important for innovation and sustainable growth in the green economy.Although small businesses still use traditional methods, they must adopt green economy principles such as energy efficiency and waste management.This needs to be supported by talented people through training and an innovative culture.Recruitment strategies based on green skills, continuous training, and green technology, supported by government incentives, can improve the operational efficiency, competitiveness, and reputation of small and medium enterprises. Effective human resource (HR) management is critical to the success of Makassar's SMEs, particularly in implementing the green economy. Feasible strategies include continuous education and training on green practices, building a green work culture, and implementing green technologies. In addition, it is important to engage employees in green initiatives, collaborate with third parties such as the government and NGOs, and regularly monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of green initiatives. These measures, supported by government incentives and funding opportunities, will improve the environmental awareness, operational efficiency and competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises. For SMEs in Makassar, effective human resource management (HRM) is essential to support innovation and growth in a green economy Investing in ongoing training, particularly in green technology and sustainable practices, will improve the quality of your workforce and work productivity. Good human resource management encourages innovation in green products and services, promotes compliance with environmental regulations, and enhances a company's image and reputation. Key challenges such as lack of awareness and resources can be overcome with government support and collaboration with various stakeholders. In this way, Makassar SMEs can improve their competitiveness, increase their contribution to environmental protection, and capitalise on green economy opportunities.
Discovering Process Models that Support Desired Behavior and Avoid Undesired Behavior
Creators: name: Norouzifar, Ali
name: van der Aalst, Wil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Process discovery is one of the primary process mining tasks and starting point for process improvements using event data. Existing process discovery techniques aim to find process models that best describe the observed behavior. The focus can be on recall (i.e., replay fitness) or precision. Here, we take a different perspective. We aim to discover a process model that allows for the good behavior observed, and does not allow for the bad behavior. In order to do this, we assume that we have a desirable event log ($L^+$) and an undesirable event log ($L^-$). For example, the desirable event log consists of the cases that were handled within two weeks, and the undesirable event log consists of the cases that took longer. Our discovery approach explores the tradeoff between supporting the cases in the desirable event log and avoiding the cases in the undesirable event log. The proposed framework uses a new inductive mining approach that has been implemented and tested on several real-life event logs. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms other approaches that use only the desirable event log ($L^+$). This supports the intuitive understanding that problematic cases can and should be used to improve processes.
description: Accepted at the SAC 2023 conference (https://www.sigapp.org/sac/sac2023/) and to be published in their proceedings
Attribution of Predictive Uncertainties in Classification Models
Creators: name: Perez, Iker
name: Skalski, Piotr
name: Barns-Graham, Alec
name: Wong, Jason
name: Sutton, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Predictive uncertainties in classification tasks are often a consequence of model inadequacy or insufficient training data. In popular applications, such as image processing, we are often required to scrutinise these uncertainties by meaningfully attributing them to input features. This helps to improve interpretability assessments. However, there exist few effective frameworks for this purpose. Vanilla forms of popular methods for the provision of saliency masks, such as SHAP or integrated gradients, adapt poorly to target measures of uncertainty. Thus, state-of-the-art tools instead proceed by creating counterfactual or adversarial feature vectors, and assign attributions by direct comparison to original images. In this paper, we present a novel framework that combines path integrals, counterfactual explanations and generative models, in order to procure attributions that contain few observable artefacts or noise. We evidence that this outperforms existing alternatives through quantitative evaluations with popular benchmarking methods and data sets of varying complexity.
Advances in pemphigus and its endemic pemphigus foliaceus (Fogo Selvagem) phenotype: A paradigm of human autoimmunity
Creators: name: Aoki, Valeria
name: Li, Ning
name: Filhio, Gunter Hans
name: Culton, Donna A.
name: Diaz, Luis A.
name: Rubenstein, David
name: Qian, Ye
name: Rivitti, Evandro A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Pemphigus encompasses a group of organ specific, antibody mediated autoimmune diseases of the skin characterized by keratinocyte detachment that leads to the development of blisters and erosions, which can become life-threatening. The pathogenic autoantibodies recognize desmogleins, which are members of the desmosomal cadherin family of cell adhesion molecules. Desmoglein 3 is targeted in pemphigus vulgaris while desmoglein 1 is targeted in pemphigus foliaceus and its endemic form, fogo selvagem. This review will briefly define the salient features of pemphigus and the proposed steps in pathogenesis. We will then summarize the most recent advances in three important areas of investigation: (i) epidemiologic, genetic, and immunologic features of fogo selvagem, (ii) molecular mechanisms of injury to the epidermis, and (iii) novel therapeutic strategies targeting specific steps in disease pathogenesis. The advances in each of these three seemingly separate areas contribute to the overall understanding of the pemphigus disease model. These recent advancements also underscore the dynamic interplay between the treatment of patients in a clinical setting and basic science research, which has led to an integrative understanding disease pathogenesis and treatment and allow pemphigus to serve as a paradigm of human autoimmunity.
Testing the presence of a dormant black hole inside HR 6819
Creators: name: Romagnolo, A.
name: Olejak, A.
name: Hypki, A.
name: Wiktorowicz, G.
name: Belczynski, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HR 6819 was recently reported to be a triple system with a dormant black hole (BH). The inner binary system was defined as a star estimated to be at the end of its main sequence and a dormant BH. As the inner binary is not resolved, the third component may actually just be spatially coinciding with the inner binary. In this study we test whether the system inner binary can be reconstructed using the isolated binary evolution in the Galactic field or through the dynamical evolution within globular star clusters. Our goal is to understand the formation of the HR 6819 inner binary. To simulate the inner binary evolution we assumed that the influence of the third body on the inner binary is negligible. We created synthetic populations of BH main-sequence binaries for the Galactic disc and the Galactic globular clusters to compare to the reported parameters of the HR 6819 inner binary. We have adopted very optimistic input physics, in terms of common envelope evolution and BH formation, for the formation of binaries similar to the reported inner HR 6819 binary. Despite our optimistic assumptions we cannot form systems like the inner HR 6819 binary in globular clusters. Even with our extreme assumptions, the formation of an HR 6819-like binary in the Galactic field population is not expected. We argue that if a dormant BH actually exists in the reported configuration inside HR 6819, its presence cannot easily be explained by our models based on isolated and dynamical binary evolution.
description: 11 pages
Machta-Zwanzig regime of anomalous diffusion in infinite-horizon billiards
Creators: name: Cristadoro, Giampaolo
name: Gilbert, Thomas
name: Lenci, Marco
name: Sanders, David P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study diffusion on a periodic billiard table with infinite horizon in the limit of narrow corridors. An effective trapping mechanism emerges according to which the process can be modeled by a Lévy walk combining exponentially-distributed trapping times with free propagation along paths whose precise probabilities we compute. This description yields an approximation of the mean squared displacement of infinite-horizon billiards in terms of two transport coefficients which generalizes to this anomalous regime the Machta-Zwanzig approximation of normal diffusion in finite-horizon billiards [Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 1959 (1983)].
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Relational Graph Convolutional Networks: A Closer Look
Creators: name: Thanapalasingam, Thiviyan
name: van Berkel, Lucas
name: Bloem, Peter
name: Groth, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we describe a reproduction of the Relational Graph Convolutional Network (RGCN). Using our reproduction, we explain the intuition behind the model. Our reproduction results empirically validate the correctness of our implementations using benchmark Knowledge Graph datasets on node classification and link prediction tasks. Our explanation provides a friendly understanding of the different components of the RGCN for both users and researchers extending the RGCN approach. Furthermore, we introduce two new configurations of the RGCN that are more parameter efficient. The code and datasets are available at https://github.com/thiviyanT/torch-rgcn.
Revealing the structure of the lensed quasar Q 0957+561: III. SMBH mass via gravitational redshift
Creators: name: Fian, C.
name: Mediavilla, E.
name: Jiménez-Vicente, J.
name: Motta, V.
name: Muñoz, J. A.
name: Chelouche, D.
name: Hanslmeier, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We intend to use the impact of microlensing on the Fe III emission line blend along with a measure of its gravitational redshift to estimate the mass of the quasar's central supermassive black hole (SMBH). We fit the Fe III feature in multiple spectroscopic observations between 2008 and 2016 of the gravitationally lensed quasar Q 0957+561 with relatively high signal-to-noise ratios (at the adequate wavelength). Based on the statistics of microlensing magnifications, we used a Bayesian method to derive the size of its emitting region. The Fe III spectral feature appears systematically redshifted in all epochs of observation by a value of 17 angstroms on average. We find clear differences in the shape of the Fe III line blend between images A and B. Measuring the strength of those magnitude differences, we conclude that this blend may arise from a region of half-light radius of 15 lt-days, which is in good agreement with the accretion disk dimensions for this system. We obtain a mass for the central SMBH of (1.5 +/- 0.5) x 10^9 solar masses, consistent within uncertainties with previous mass estimates based on the virial theorem. The relatively small uncertainties in the mass determination (< 35%) make this method a compelling alternative to other existing techniques (e.g., the virial plus reverberation mapping based size) for measuring black hole masses. Combining the Fe III redshift-based method with the virial, we estimate a virial factor in the 1.2 to 1.7 range for this system.
Subepidermal blistering induced by human autoantibodies to BP180 requires innate immune players in a humanized bullous pemphigoid mouse model
Creators: name: Thresher, Randy
name: Sitaru, Cassian
name: Giudice, George J.
name: Zillikens, Detlef
name: Marinkovich, M. Peter
name: Diaz, Luis A.
name: Sui, Wen
name: Liu, Zhi
name: Zhao, Minglang
name: Fairley, Janet A.
name: Li, Ning
name: Li, Zhuowei
name: Ning, Gang
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a cutaneous autoimmune inflammatory disease associated with subepidermal blistering and autoantibodies against BP180, a transmembrane collagen and major component of the hemidesmosome. Numerous inflammatory cells infiltrate the upper dermis in BP. IgG autoantibodies in BP fix complement and target multiple BP180 epitopes that are highly clustered within a non-collagen linker domain, termed NC16A. Anti-BP180 antibodies induce BP in mice. In this study, we generated a humanized mouse strain, in which the murine BP180NC14A is replaced with the homologous human BP180NC16A epitope cluster region. We show that the humanized NC16A (NC16A+/+) mice injected with anti-BP180NC16A autoantibodies develop BP-like subepidermal blisters. The F(ab′)2 fragments of pathogenic IgG fail to activate complement cascade and are no longer pathogenic. The NC16A+/+ mice pretreated with mast cell activation blocker or depleting of complement or neutrophils become resistant to BP. These findings suggest that the humoral response in BP critically depends on innate immune system players.
Water Dynamics in Highly Concentrated Protein Systems -- Insight from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry
Creators: name: Kruk, Danuta
name: Kasparek, Adam
name: Masiewicz, Elzbieta
name: Kolodziejski, Karol
name: Cybulski, Radoslaw
name: Nowak, Bartosz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 1H spin-lattice relaxation experiments have been performed for water - Bovine Serum Al-bumin (BSA) mixtures including 20% wt and 40% wt of BSA. The experiments have been carried out in a frequency range encompassing three orders of magnitude, from 10 kHz to 10 MHz, versus temperature. The relaxation data have been thoroughly analyzed in terms of several relaxation models with the purpose to reveal the mechanisms of water motion. For this purpose four relaxation models have been used: the data have been decomposed into relaxation contributions expressed in terms of Lorentzian spectral densities, then three dimensional translation diffusion has been assumed, next two dimensional surface diffusion has been considered and eventually, a model of surface diffusion mediated by acts of adsorption to the surface has been employed. In this way it has been demonstrated that the last concept is most plausible. Parameters describing the dynamics in a quantita-tive manner have been determined and discussed.
description: Grant:European Union, Horizon 2020, FETOPEN-2018-2019-2020-01: HIRES-MULTIDYN - Multiscale Dynamics with Ultrafast High-Resolution Relaxometry (899683) Publication date: 17 February 2023
Absolute Integral Closure
Creators: name: Huneke, Craig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13

description: This paper summarizes three talks given by the author during a PASI conference in Olinda, Brasil
description: The paper appeared in 2011
Autoimmunity to the alpha 3 chain of type IV collagen in glomerulonephritis is triggered by ‘autoantigen complementarity’
Creators: name: Cook, H. Terence
name: Bunch, Donna
name: Hewins, Peter
name: Jennette, J. Charles
name: Alderman, Elizabeth
name: Falk, Ronald J.
name: Pressler, Barrak M.
name: Roth, Aleeza
name: Pusey, Charles D.
name: Brown, Michael
name: Preston, Gloria A.
name: Reynolds, John
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: ‘Autoantigen complementarity’ is a theory proposing that the initiator of an autoimmune response is not necessarily the autoantigen or its molecular mimic, but may instead be a peptide that is ‘antisense/complementary’ to the autoantigen. We investigated whether such complementary proteins play a role in the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune glomerulonephritis. Experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis, a model of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease, can be induced in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats by immunization with the α3 chain of type IV collagen. In this study, WKY rats were immunized with a complementary α3 peptide (c-α3-Gly) comprised of amino acids that ‘complement’ the well characterized epitope on α3(IV)NC1, pCol(24–38). Within 8 weeks post-immunization, these animals developed cresentic glomerulonephritis, similar to pCol(24–38)-immunized rats, while animals immunized with scrambled peptide were normal. Anti-idiotypic antibodies to epitopes from c-α3-Gly-immunized animals were shown to be specific for α3 protein, binding in a region containing sense pCol(24–38) sequence. Interestingly, anticomplementary α3 antibodies were identified in sera from patients with anti-GBM disease, suggesting a role for ‘autoantigen complementarity’ in immunopathogenesis of the human disease. This work supports the idea that autoimmune glomerulonephritis can be initiated through an immune response against a peptide that is anti-sense or complementary to the autoantigen. The implications of this discovery may be far reaching, and other autoimmune diseases could be due to responses to these once unsuspected ‘complementary’ antigens.
Bacillus subtilis deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1980

description: Bacillus subtilis 168 was shown to contain a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) gyrase activity which closely resembled those of the enzymes isolated from Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus in its enzymatic requirements, substrate specificity, and sensitivity to several antibiotics. The enzyme was purified from the wild type and nalidixic acid-resistant and novobiocin-resistant mutants of B. subtilis and was functionally characterized in vitro. The genetic loci nalA and novA but not novB were shown to code for portions of the functional gyrase. Enzyme from the antibiotic-resistant mutants was resistant to the drug in vitro. The most striking observation was the remarkable similarity between the B. subtilis enzyme and other DNA gyrases, especially with respect to the oxolinic acid-induced DNA cleavage in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. All of the enzymes appeared to possess the same specificity of cutting sites regardless of the source or type of DNA used. This result implies that gyrase binding to DNA is highly specific.
Exploring the sugar-sweetened beverage tax (SSBT) pass-through rate in the Irish hospitality sector
Creators: name: Houghton, Frank
name: Moran Stritch, J.
name: Auerbach, J.
name: Daly, M.
name: Houghton, D.
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background The World Health Organization (WHO) supports the use of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes (SSBTs) as a fiscal lever to help reduce sugar consumption and tackle obesity. Obesity is associated with a range of adverse health outcomes. In response to increasing levels of obesity in Ireland, an SSBT was introduced in 2018. Previous research in Ireland has noted that the pass-through rate of the SSBT in retail (off-site consumption) settings was poor. However, to date, no research has examined the SSBT pass-through rate in hospitality (on-site consumption) venues in Ireland. Methods This research examines the SSBT pass-through rate on Coca-Cola versus diet versions of Coca-Cola in a convenience sample of 100 hospitality venues in two provincial Irish cities. Results Wilcoxon signed rank test analysis revealed that regular Coca-Cola was significantly more expensive compared to the price charged for diet versions of Coca-Cola. However, in 85.6% of cases the same price was charged for both full-sugar and sugar-free drinks. The mean pass-through rate of the SSBT was 33.8%. Conclusion The effective functioning of the SSBT is premised on persistent price differences between soft drink prices based on sugar content. However, this is barely evident in the hospitality sector in Ireland. A number of recommendations are suggested, including both increasing the SSBT, and increasing it annually in line with inflation
Properties of the vacuum expectation values in $R_{ξ}$ and general gauge
Creators: name: Kim, Chungku
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the renormalization group evolution and the perturbative expansion of the vacuum expectation value(VEV) of the Abelian Higgs model both in the $R_{ξ}$ and the general gauge which extrapolate between the Fermi and the $\overline{R_{ξ}\text{ }}$ gauge. In $R_{ξ}$ gauge, the gamma function of the VEV was different from that of the scalar field. On the contrary, the gamma function of the VEV was same as that of the scalar field in general gauge. Both in $R_{ξ}\text{ }$ and $\overline{% R_{ξ}\text{ }}$ gauge, the two-loop VEVs have an IR divergences in Landau gauge($ξ=0$) and these IR divergence do not occur when $ξ\neq 0$.
Reduced magnetocrystalline anisotropy of CoFe$_2$O$_4$ thin films studied by angle-dependent x-ray magnetic circular dichroism
Creators: name: Nonaka, Yosuke
name: Wakabayashi, Yuki K.
name: Shibata, Goro
name: Sakamoto, Shoya
name: Ikeda, Keisuke
name: Chi, Zhendong
name: Wan, Yuxuan
name: Suzuki, Masahiro
name: Koide, Tsuneharu
name: Tanaka, Masaaki
name: Nakane, Ryosho
name: Fujimori, Atsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spinel-type CoFe$_2$O$_4$ is a ferrimagnetic insulator with the Néel temperature exceeding 790 K, and shows a strong cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) in bulk materials. However, when a CoFe$_2$O$_4$ film is grown on other materials, its magnetic properties are degraded so that so-called magnetically dead layers are expected to be formed in the interfacial region. We investigate how the magnetic anisotropy of CoFe$_2$O$_4$ is modified at the interface of CoFe$_2$O$_4$/Al$_2$O$_3$ bilayers grown on Si(111) using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). We find that the thinner CoFe$_2$O$_4$ films have significantly smaller MCA values than bulk materials. The reduction of MCA is explained by the reduced number of Co$^{2+}$ ions at the $O_h$ site reported by a previous study [Y. K. Wakabayashi $\textit{et al.}$, Phys. Rev. B $\textbf{96}$, 104410 (2017)].
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Genetic locus (nmp-1) affecting the principal outer membrane protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1980

description: An increase in the apparent molecular weight of the principal outer membrane protein (POMP) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is associated with introduction of the penB2 genetic marker, which results in low-level, relatively nonspecific antibiotic resistance. Limited proteolysis of the two forms of POMP showed that they had few if any peptides in common. The nonspecific antibiotic resistance of penB2 was separated from the change in POMP by genetic transformation and by isolation of spontaneous penB mutants that showed no change in POMP. The genetic locus involved in the change from one POMP to another, which we have designated nmp-1, is closely linked to, but not identical with, penB2.
Vector-Like top quark production via a chromo-magnetic moment at the LHC
Creators: name: Belyaev, Alexander
name: Chivukula, R. Sekhar
name: Fuks, Benjamin
name: Simmons, Elizabeth H.
name: Wang, Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theories which provide a dynamical explanation for the large top-quark mass often include TeV-scale vector-like top-quark and bottom-quark partner states which can be potentially discovered at the LHC. These states are currently probed through model-independent searches for pair-production via gluon fusion, as well as through model-dependent complementary electroweak single production. In this paper we study the potential to extend those searches for the partners of the third-generation Standard Model quarks on the basis of their expected chromomagnetic interactions. We discuss how current searches for "excited" bottom-quarks produced via $b$-gluon fusion through chromomagnetic interactions are relevant, and provide significant constraints. We then explore the region of the parameter space in which the bottom-quark partner is heavier than the top-quark partner, in which case the top-partner can be primarily produced via the decay of the bottom-partner. Next, we probe the potential of the production of a single top-quark partner in association with an ordinary top-quark by gluon-fusion. Kinematically these two new processes are similar, and they yield the production of a heavy top partner and a lighter Standard Model state, a pattern which allows for the rejection of the associated dominant Standard Model backgrounds. We examine the sensitivity of these modes in the case where the top-partner subsequently decays to a Higgs boson and an ordinary top-quark, and we demonstrate that these new channels have the potential of extending and complementing the conventional strategies at LHC run III and at the high-luminosity phase of the LHC. In this last case, we find that partner masses that range up to about 3 TeV can be reached. This substantially expands the expected mass reach for these new states, including regions of parameter space that are inaccessible by traditional searches.
description: 32 pages, 10 figures. matches published version
Evolution and Consequences of Interacting CMEs of 2012 November 9-10 using STEREO/SECCHI and In Situ Observations
Creators: name: Mishra, Wageesh
name: Srivastava, Nandita
name: Chakrabarty, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding of the kinematic evolution of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) in the heliosphere is important to estimate their arrival time at the Earth. It is found that kinematics of CMEs can change when they interact or collide with each other as they propagate in the heliosphere. In this paper, we analyze the collision and post-interaction characteristics of two Earth-directed CMEs, launched successively on 2012 November 9 and 10, using white light imaging observations from STEREO/SECCHI and in situ observations taken from WIND spacecraft. We tracked two density enhanced features associated with leading and trailing edge of November 9 CME and one density enhanced feature associated with leading edge of November 10 CME by constructing J-maps. We found that the leading edge of November 10 CME interacted with the trailing edge of November 9 CME. We also estimated the kinematics of these features of the CMEs and found a significant change in their dynamics after interaction. In in situ observations, we identified distinct structures associated with interacted CMEs and also noticed their heating and compression as signatures of CME-CME interaction. Our analysis shows an improvement in arrival time prediction of CMEs using their post-collision dynamics than using pre-collision dynamics. Estimating the true masses and speeds of these colliding CMEs, we investigated the nature of observed collision which is found to be close to perfectly inelastic. The investigation also places in perspective the geomagnetic consequences of the two CMEs and their interaction in terms of occurrence of geomagnetic storm and triggering of magnetospheric substorms.
description: 34 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in "Solar Physics"
Special tight closure
Creators: name: Huneke, Craig
name: Vraciu, Adela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13

description: We prove that in normal rings the tight closure of an ideal can be computed as the sum of the ideal and a piece of the tight closure, called the special tight closure.
description: This paper appeared in 2003
Baryogenesis and gravitational waves in the Zee-Babu Model
Creators: name: Phong, Vo Quoc
name: Thao, Nguyen Chi
name: Long, Hoang Ngoc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Zee-Babu (ZB) model, the sphaleron process in the baryogenesis scenario is calculated. It always satisfies the de-coupling condition and the strength of phase transition ($S$) is always greater than $1$ in the presence of triggers other than that in the Standard Model, which are singly ($h^{\pm}$) and doubly ($k^{\pm\pm}$) charged scalar bosons. Sphaleron energies are in the range of 5-10 TeV, in calculation with bubble profiles containing free parameters and assuming nuclear bubbles of $h^{\pm}$ and $k^{\pm\pm}$ are very small. We tested the scaling law of sphaleron again with an average error of $10\%$. When the temperature is close to the critical one ($T_c$), the density of nuclear bubble is produced very large and decreases as the temperature decreases. The key parameter is $α$ which results in the gravitational wave density parameter ($Ωh^2$) in the range of $10^{-14}$ to $10^{-12}$ when $β/H^*=22.5$, this is not enough to detect gravitational waves from electroweak phase transition (EWPT) according to the present LISA data but may be detected in the future. As the larger strength of phase transition is, the more $α$ increases (this increase is almost linear with $S$), the larger the gravitational wave density parameter is. Also in the context of considering the generation of gravitational waves, in the ZB model we calculated $α\sim \text{a few} \times 10^{-2}\ll 1$, so rigorously conclude that the EWPT is not strong even though $S>1$. We also suggest that, for a model with a lot of extra scalar particles and particles which play a role in mass generation, the stronger the EWPT process and the larger $Ωh^2$ can be.
description: 34 Pages, 9 Figures, Version accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J. C
Comparisons of the core and mantle compositions of earth analogs from different terrestrial planet formation scenarios
Creators: name: Gu, Jesse T.
name: Fischer, Rebecca A.
name: Brennan, Matthew C.
name: Clement, Matthew S.
name: Jacobson, Seth A.
name: Kaib, Nathan A.
name: O'Brien, David P.
name: Raymond, Sean N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chemical compositions of Earth's core and mantle provide insight into the processes that led to their formation. N-body simulations, on the other hand, generally do not contain chemical information, and seek to only reproduce the masses and orbits of the terrestrial planets. These simulations can be grouped into four potentially viable scenarios of Solar System formation (Classical, Annulus, Grand Tack, and Early Instability) for which we compile a total of 433 N-body simulations. We relate the outputs of these simulations to the chemistry of Earth's core and mantle using a melt-scaling law combined with a multi-stage model of core formation. We find the compositions of Earth analogs to be largely governed by the fraction of equilibrating embryo cores and the initial embryo masses in N-body simulations. Simulation type may be important when considering magma ocean lifetimes, where Grand Tack simulations have the largest amounts of material accreted after the last giant impact. However, we cannot rule out any accretion scenarios or initial embryo masses due to the sensitivity of Earth's mantle composition to different parameters and the stochastic nature of N-body simulations. Comparing the last embryo impacts experienced by Earth analogs to specific Moon-forming scenarios, we find the characteristics of the Moon-forming impact are dependent on the initial conditions in N-body simulations where larger initial embryo masses promote larger and slower Moon-forming impactors. Mars-sized initial embryos are most consistent with the canonical hit-and-run scenario onto a solid mantle. Our results suggest that constraining the fraction of equilibrating impactor core and the initial embryo masses in N-body simulations could be significant for understanding both Earth's accretion history and characteristics of the Moon-forming impact.
Tunneling of Electrons in Graphene via Double Triangular Barrier in External Fields
Creators: name: Mekkaoui, Miloud
name: Jellal, Ahmed
name: Bahlouli, Hocine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the transmission probability of Dirac fermions in graphene scattered by a triangular double barrier potential in the presence of an external magnetic field. Our system made of two triangular potential barrier regions separated by a well region characterized by an energy gap. Solving our Dirac-like equation and matching the solutions at the boundaries allowed us to express our transmission and reflection coefficients in terms of transfer matrix. We show in particular that the transmission exhibits oscillation resonances that are manifestations of the Klein tunneling effect. The triangular barrier electrostatic field was found to play a key role in controlling the peak of tunneling resistance. However, it only slightly modifies the resonances at oblique incidence and leaves Klein paradox unaffected at normal incidence.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1511.06880