cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Verlinde's emergent gravity in an $\boldsymbol{n-}$dimensional, non-additive Tsallis' scenario
Creators: name: Zamora, D. J.
name: Rocca, M. C.
name: Plastino, A.
name: Ferri, G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper brings together four distinct but very important physical notions: 1) Entropic force, 2) Entropy-along-a-curve, 3) Tsallis' q-statistics, and 4) Emergent gravitation. We investigate the non additive, classical (Tsallis') q-statistical mechanics of a phase-space curve in $n$ dimensions (3 dimensions, in particular). We focus attention on an entropic force mechanism that yields a simple realization of it, being able to mimic interesting effects such as confinement, hard core, and asymptotic freedom, typical of high energy physics
description: 19 pqges. 2 figures. Title has changed. Text has changed significantly
Non-Markovianity in a collision model with environmental block
Creators: name: Jin, Jiasen
name: Yu, Chang-shui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extended collision model to simulate the dynamics of an open quantum system. In our model, the unit to represent the environment is, instead of a single particle, a block which consists of a number of environment particles. The introduced blocks enable us to study the effects of different strategies of system-environment interactions and states of the blocks on the non-Markovianities. We demonstrate our idea in the Gaussian channels of an all-optical system and derive a necessary and sufficient condition of non-Markovianity for such channels. Moreover, we show the equivalence of our criterion to the non-Markovian quantum jump in the simulation of the pure damping process of a single-mode field. We also show that the non-Markovianity of the channel working in the strategy that the system collides with environmental particles in each block in a certain order will be affected by the size of the block and the embedded entanglement and the effects of heating and squeezing the vacuum environmental state will quantitatively enhance the non-Markovianity.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted version
Verbena jamaicensis Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Verbenaceae
Verbena
Verbena jamaicensis

description: Verbena jamaicensis, spec. nov.
2. Verbena diandra, spicis longissimis carnosis subnudis.
 Verbena foliis obtuse ovalibus, spica carnosa nuda. Hort. cliff. 10. Roy. lugdb. 327.
 Verbena folio subrotundo serrato, flore caeruleo. Sloan. hist. 171. t.107. f.1.
 Habitat in Jamaica & Caribaeis . ♃ ☉
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
Experimental characterization of quantum polarization of three-photon states
Creators: name: Kim, Yosep
name: Björk, Gunnar
name: Kim, Yoon-Ho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally investigate various quantum polarization features of three-photon quantum states, including product and entangled states with varying purity. The three-photon quantum states are categorized into six classes based on the rotation symmetry of mean, variance, and skewness of the polarization distribution. The representative three-photon quantum states in each category is prepared from double-pair emission from pulsed spontaneous parametric down-conversion and quantum interferometry. We demonstrate that the three-photon quantum states show interesting quantum polarization properties, such as, maximum sum-uncertainty and hidden polarizations.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Exploring quantum criticality and ergodicity-breaking dynamics in spin-1 Kitaev chains via single-ion anisotropies
Creators: name: Zhang, Wen-Yi
name: Hu, Qing-Min
name: Ren, Jie
name: Li, Liangsheng
name: You, Wen-Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate topological gauge-theory terms and quantum criticality in a spin-1 Kitaev chain with general single-ion anisotropies (SIAs). The ground-state phase diagram, including the Kitaev spin liquid (KSL) and gapless dimer phases, is determined by the infinite time evolving block decimation (iTEBD) method. A quantum phase transition between the KSL and dimer phases occurs by varying uniaxial SIA, analogous to the confinement-deconfinement transition in the lattice Schwinger model with a topological $θ$ angle of $π$. Introducing rhombic SIA shifts this angle from $π$, resulting in $y$- and $x$-ferroquadrupole phases. The transition between these phases can occur through a crossover in the KSL phase or a genuine phase transition along a deconfined line. We map the spin-1 Hamiltonian to an effective spin-1/2 PXP Hamiltonian, with uniaxial SIA corresponding to uniform detuning and rhombic SIA to staggered detuning. We explore the hierarchical fragmentation of the Hilbert space, revealing that quantum many-body scars (QMBSs) emerge under weak uniform detuning, while slow dynamics under large staggered detuning is accurately captured by a second-order effective Hamiltonian via the Schrieffer-Wolff transformation. Our work establishes a framework for simulating topological $θ$ angles and ergodicity-breaking dynamics, bridging higher-spin generalizations of scarred models with lattice gauge theories, potentially realizable using state-of-the-art cold-atom quantum simulators.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
title: Analysis of Ocean Tide‐Induced Magnetic Fields Derived From Oceanic In Situ Observations
title: Climate Trends and the Remarkable Sensitivity of Shelf Regions
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Petereit, Johannes
name: Saynisch‐Wagner, Jan
name: Irrgang, Christopher
name: Thomas, Maik
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ocean Tide‐Induced Magnetic Fields
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: Tidal motion of oceanic salt water through the ambient geomagnetic field induces periodic electromagnetic field signals. Amplitudes of the induced signals are sensitive to variations in electrical seawater conductivity and, consequently, to changes in oceanic temperature and salinity. In this paper, we computed and analyzed time series of global ocean tide‐induced magnetic field amplitudes. For this purpose, we combined data of global in situ observations of oceanic temperature and salinity fields from 1990–2016 with data of oceanic tidal flow, the geomagnetic field, mantle conductivity, and sediment conductance to derive ocean tide‐induced magnetic field amplitudes. The results were used to compare present day developments in the oceanic climate with two existing climate model scenarios, namely, global oceanic warming and Greenland glacial melting. Model fits of linear and quadratic long‐term trends of the derived magnetic field amplitudes show indications for both scenarios. Also, we find that magnetic field amplitude anomalies caused by oceanic seasonal variability and oceanic climate variations are 10 times larger in shallow ocean regions than in the open ocean. Consequently, changes in the oceanic and therefore the Earth's climate system will be observed first in shelf regions. In other words, climate variations of ocean tide‐induced magnetic field amplitudes are best observed in shallow ocean regions using targeted monitoring techniques.
MOESM4 of Infrasonic wave accompanying a crack opening during the 2015 Hakone eruption
Creators: name: Yukutake, Yohei
name: Ichihara, Mie
name: Honda, Ryou
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4. Strain changes using the open crack model estimated by InSAR data.
Early Reionization in Cosmology
Creators: name: Durrer, Ruth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies have turned out to represent one of the most stringent 'bottle necks' for scenarios of large scale structure formation. As a possibility to relax this constraint, it has been proposed that early reionization can damp CMB fluctuations on small scales due to photon diffusion in the ionized plasma. As an example, I investigate the recently proposed scenario with cold dark matter (CDM) and texture seeds. There, an analysis of CMB anisotropies shows that early reionization is a crucial ingredient for this scenario. Without damping, the small scale anisotropies would dominate and exceed observed limits. In this paper I present analytical and numerical results for the amount of damping due to early reionization for CMB perturbations induced by a collapsing texture. Furthermore, the spectral distortion of the CMB due to Compton scattering of the hotter plasma electrons is calculated. Next I discuss the physical processes which lead to a system of coupled ordinary differential equations for the degree of ionization, the electron temperature and the evolution of the ionizing radiation.
description: LaTeX, ZU-TH 28/93
Geometry and Scaling Laws of Excursion and Iso-sets of Enstrophy and Dissipation in Isotropic Turbulence
Creators: name: Elsas, José Hugo
name: Szalay, Alexander S.
name: Meneveau, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by interest in the geometry of high intensity events of turbulent flows, we examine spatial correlation functions of sets where turbulent events are particularly intense. These sets are defined using indicator functions on excursion and iso-value sets. Their geometric scaling properties are analyzed by examining possible power-law decay of their radial correlation function. We apply the analysis to enstrophy, dissipation, and velocity gradient invariants $Q$ and $R$ and their joint spatial distibutions, using data from a direct numerical simulation of isotropic turbulence at ${\rm Re}_λ\approx 430$. While no fractal scaling is found in the inertial range using box-counting in the finite Reynolds number flow considered here, power-law scaling in the inertial range is found in the radial correlation functions. Thus a geometric characterization in terms of these sets' correlation dimension is possible. Strong dependence on the enstrophy and dissipation threshold is found, consistent with multifractal behavior. Nevertheless the lack of scaling of the box-counting analysis precludes direct quantitative comparisons with earlier work based on the multifractal formalism. Surprising trends, such as a lower correlation dimension for strong dissipation events compared to strong enstrophy events, are observed and interpreted in terms of spatial coherence of vortices in the flow. We show that sets defined by joint conditions on strain and enstrophy, and on $Q$ and $R$, also display power law scaling of correlation functions, providing further characterization of the complex spatial structure of these intersection sets.
description: 20 pages, 18 figures, preprint
On the Validity of the Effective Potential and the Precision of Higgs Self Couplings
Creators: name: Jain, Bithika
name: Lee, Seung J.
name: Son, Minho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The global picture of the Higgs potential in the bottom-up approach is still unknown. A large deviation as big as O(1) fluctuations of the Higgs self couplings is still a viable option for the New Physics. An interesting New Physics scenario which can be linked to a large Higgs self coupling is the baryogenesis based on the strong first order phase transition. We revisit the strong first order phase transition in two classes of Beyond the Standard Models, namely the Higgs portal with the singlet scalar under the Standard Model gauge group with Z2 symmetry and the effective field theory approach with higher-dimensional operators. We numerically investigate a few important issues in the validity of the effective potential, caused by the breakdown of the high-temperature approximation, and in the criteria for the strong first order phase transition. We illustrate that these issues can lead to O(1) uncertainties in the precision of the Higgs self couplings, which are relevant when discussing sensitivity limits of different future colliders. We also find that the quartic coupling of the above two classes of scenarios compatible with the strong first order electroweak phase transition where the cubic coupling is not negligible, can achieve a $2σ$ sensitivity at the 100 TeV pp-collider. From this novel observation, we show that the correlation between the Higgs cubic coupling and the quartic coupling will be useful for differentiating various underlying New Physics scenarios and discuss its prospect for the future colliders. Throughout our numerical investigation, the contribution from Goldstone boson is not included.
description: 19 pages, 14 figures, v2: version published in PRD, typos corrected, references added, minor revisions
Improved Human Emotion Recognition Using Symmetry of Facial Key Points with Dihedral Group
Creators: name: Ghayoumi, Mehdi
name: Bansal, Arvind
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article describes how to deploy dihedral group theory to detect Facial Key Points (FKP) symmetry to recognize emotions. The method can be applied in many other areas which those have the same data texture.
description: 7
Utricularia gibba Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Lentibulariaceae
Utricularia
Utricularia gibba

description: Utricularia gibba, spec. nov.
4. Utricularia nectario gibboso.
 Utricularia florum nectario gibboso, scapo nunc unifloro nunc bifloro. Gron. virg. 129.
 Habitat in Virginia .
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
Microwave Anisotropies from Texture Seeded Structure Formation
Creators: name: Durrer, R.
name: Howard, A.
name: Zhou, Z. -H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmic microwave anisotropies in a scenario of large scale structure formation with cold dark matter and texture are discussed and compared with recent observational results of the COBE satellite. A couple of important statistical parameters are determined. The fluctuations are slightly non gaussian. The quadrupole anisotropy is $1.5\pm 1.2\times 10^{-5}$ and the fluctuations on a angular scale of 10 degrees are $ (3.8\pm 2.6)\times 10^{-5}$. The COBE are within about one standard deviation of the typical texture + CDM model discussed in this paper. Furthermore, we calculate fluctuations on intermediate scales (about 2 degrees) with the result $\De T/T(θ\sim 2^o) = 3.9\pm 0.8)\times 10^{-5}$. Collapsing textures are modeled by spherically symmetric field configurations. This leads to uncertainties of about a factor of~2.
description: 16p, LaTex, ZU-TH 32/92
Additional bounds on the pre Big--Bang--Nucleosynthesis Expansion by means of $γ$-rays from the Galactic Center
Creators: name: Donato, F.
name: Fornengo, N.
name: Schelke, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility to use $γ$--ray data from the Galactic Center (GC) to constrain the cosmological evolution of the Universe in a phase prior to primordial nucleosyntesis, namely around the time of cold dark matter (CDM) decoupling, is analyzed. The basic idea is that in a modified cosmological scenario, where the Hubble expansion rate is enhanced with respect to the standard case, the CDM decoupling is anticipated and the relic abundance of a given dark matter (DM) candidate enhanced. This implies that the present amount of CDM in the Universe may be explained by a Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) which possesses annihilation cross section (much) larger than in standard cosmology. This enhanced annihilation implies larger fluxes of indirect detection signals of CDM. We show that the HESS measurements can set bounds for WIMPs heavier than a few hundreds of GeV, depending on the actual DM halo profile. These results are complementary to those obtained in a previous analysis based on cosmic antiprotons. For a Moore DM profile, $γ$--ray data limit the maximal Hubble rate enhancement to be below a factor of 100. Moreover, a WIMP heavier than 1 TeV is not compatible with a cosmological scenario with enhanced expansion rate prior to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). Less steep DM profiles provide less stringent bounds, depending of the cosmological scenario.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
All-optical lithography process for contacting atomically-precise devices
Creators: name: Ward, Daniel R.
name: Marshall, Michael T.
name: Campbell, DeAnna M.
name: Lu, Tzu-Ming
name: Koepke, Justin C.
name: Scrymgeour, David A.
name: Bussmann, Ezra
name: Misra, Shashank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe an all-optical lithography process that can be used to make electrical contact to atomic-precision donor devices made in silicon using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). This is accomplished by implementing a cleaning procedure in the STM that allows the integration of metal alignment marks and ion-implanted contacts at the wafer level. Low-temperature transport measurements of a patterned device establish the viability of the process.
Additional file 1: of Discovery of physiological and cancer-related regulators of 3′ UTR processing with KAPAC
Creators: name: Gruber, Andreas
name: Schmidt, Ralf
name: Souvik Ghosh
name: Martin, Georges
name: Nimwegen, Erik Van
name: Zavolan, Mihaela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Figures S1–S13, Supplementary methods, Supplementary Tables S1–S5. (PDF 2.22 mb)
(Un)Conditional Sample Generation Based on Distribution Element Trees
Creators: name: Meyer, Daniel W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62F40, 62G09

description: Recently, distribution element trees (DETs) were introduced as an accurate and computationally efficient method for density estimation. In this work, we demonstrate that the DET formulation promotes an easy and inexpensive way to generate random samples similar to a smooth bootstrap. These samples can be generated unconditionally, but also, without further complications, conditionally utilizing available information about certain probability-space components.
description: published online in the Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics
Gauge Invariant Cosmological Perturbation Theory
Creators: name: Durrer, Ruth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After an introduction to the problem of cosmological structure formation, we develop gauge invariant cosmological perturbation theory. We derive the first order perturbation equations of Einstein's equations and energy momentum ``conservation''. Furthermore, the perturbations of Liouville's equation for collisionless particles and Boltzmann's equation for Compton scattering are worked out. We fully discuss the propagation of photons in a perturbed Friedmann universe, calculating the Sachs--Wolfe effect and light deflection. The perturbation equations are extended to accommodate also perturbations induced by seeds. With these general results we discuss some of the main aspects of the texture model for the formation of large scale structure in the Universe (galaxies, clusters, sheets, voids). In this model, perturbations in the dark matter are induced by texture seeds. The gravitational effects of a spherically symmetric collapsing texture on dark matter, baryonic matter and photons are calculated in first order perturbation theory. We study the characteristic signature of the microwave background fluctuations induced in this scenario and compare it with the COBE observations.
description: 99, LaTeX, ZU-Th14/92
Verbena nodiflora Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Verbenaceae
Verbena
Verbena nodiflora

description: Verbena nodiflora, spec. nov.
 8. Verbena tetrandra, spicis capitato-conicis, foliis serratis, caule repente. Fl. zeyl. 399.
 Verbena foliis verticaliter ovatis, spicis globosis. Hort. cliff.11.
 Verbena foliis verticaliter ovatis, spicis solitariis ovatis. Roy. lugdb. 327.
 Verbena caule repente, foliis oblongis superne crenatis, pedunculis solitariis capitatis. Gron. virg.7.
 Verbena nodiflora. Bauh. pin. 269. prodr. 125.
 Habitat in Virginia . ☉
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
On "Electromagnetic Potential Vectors and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking"
Creators: name: Dvoeglazov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The appearance of terms, which are analogous to ones required for symmetry breaking, in Lagrangian of Ref. [1] is shown to be caused by gauge invariance of quantum electrodynamics (QED) and by inaccuracy of the cited author in the choice of canonical variables. These terms do not have physical significance within modern quantum electrodynamics. PACS: 03.50.De, 04.20.Cv, 04.20.Fy, 11.10.Ef.
description: 4 pages, LaTeX file, no figures. This version is to be published in "Relativity, Gravitation, Cosmology: Beyond Foundations" (Nova Science Pubs., Hauppauge, NY, USA, 2018). Ed. V. V. Dvoeglazov
The Anatomy of the Column Density Probability Distribution Function (N-PDF)
Creators: name: Chen, Hope
name: Burkhart, Blakesley
name: Goodman, Alyssa A.
name: Collins, David C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The column density probability distribution function (N-PDF) of GMCs has been used as a diagnostic of star formation. Simulations and analytic predictions have suggested the N-PDF is composed of a low density lognormal component and a high density power-law component, tracing turbulence and gravitational collapse, respectively. In this paper, we study how various properties of the true 2D column density distribution create the shape, or "anatomy" of the PDF. We test our ideas and analytic approaches using both a real, observed, PDF based on Herschel observations of dust emission as well as a simulation that uses the ENZO code. Using a dendrogram analysis, we examine the three main components of the N-PDF: the lognormal component, the power-law component, and the transition point between these two components. We find that the power-law component of an N-PDF is the summation of N-PDFs of power-law substructures identified by the dendrogram algorithm. We also find that the analytic solution to the transition point between lognormal and power-law components proposed by Burkhart, Stalpes & Collins (2017) is applicable when tested on observations and simulations, within the uncertainties. We reconfirm and extend the results of Lombardi, Alves & Lada (2015), which stated that the lognormal component of the N-PDF is difficult to constrain due to the artificial choice of the map area. Based on the resulting anatomy of the N-PDF, we suggest avoiding analyzing the column density structures of a star forming region based solely on fits to the lognormal component of an N-PDF. We also suggest applying the N-PDF analysis in combination with the dendrogram algorithm, to obtain a more complete picture of the global and local environments and their effects on the density structures.
MOESM3 of Infrasonic wave accompanying a crack opening during the 2015 Hakone eruption
Creators: name: Yukutake, Yohei
name: Ichihara, Mie
name: Honda, Ryou
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Shift in the peaks and node of the seismic-infrasonic correlation resulting from background seismic oscillation.
Shedding Light on Dark Sectors with Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: Bunji, Nelleke
name: Fornal, Bartosz
name: Garcia, Kassandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of dark matter remains one of the greatest unsolved mysteries in elementary particle physics. It might well be that the dark matter particle belongs to a dark sector completely secluded or extremely weakly coupled to the visible sector. We demonstrate that gravitational waves arising from first order phase transitions in the early Universe can be used to look for signatures of such dark sector models connected to neutron physics. This introduces a new connection between gravitational wave physics and nuclear physics experiments. Focusing on two particular extensions of the Standard Model with dark U(1) and SU(2) gauge groups constructed to address the neutron lifetime puzzle, we show how those signatures can be searched for in future gravitational wave and astrometry experiments.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Beyond S, T and U
Creators: name: Maksymyk, Ivan
name: Burgess, C. P.
name: London, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The contribution to precision electroweak measurements due to TeV physics which couples primarily to the $W^\pm$ and $Z$ bosons may be parameterized in terms of the three `oblique correction' parameters, S, T and U. We extend this parameterization to physics at much lower energies, $\ge 100$ GeV, and show that in this more general case three more parameters are required (which we call V, W and X). Only two of these appear in neutral-current experiments, while the third new parameter enters into the $W^\pm$ width.
description: First repost: We have corrected typos, added a reference, and included a figure missing in the original version. All figures are now included as uuencoded tar files. Second repost: we replaced the abstract on the arXiv, which got mistakenly removed during the first repost
The effect of the behavior of an average consumer on the public debt dynamics
Creators: name: De Luca, Roberto
name: Di Mauro, Marco
name: Falzarano, Angelo
name: Naddeo, Adele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: An important issue within the present economic crisis is understanding the dynamics of the public debt of a given country, and how the behavior of average consumers and tax payers in that country affects it. Starting from a model of the average consumer behavior introduced earlier by the authors, we propose a simple model to quantitatively address this issue. The model is then studied and analytically solved under some reasonable simplifying assumptions. In this way we obtain a condition under which the public debt steadily decreases.
description: 4 pages, 1 figures, submitted for publication to Physica A
Ensemble Generalization of the Perdew-Zunger Self-Interaction Correction: a Way Out of Multiple Minima and Symmetry Breaking
Creators: name: Schwalbe, Sebastian
name: Schulze, Wanja Timm
name: Trepte, Kai
name: Lehtola, Susi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Perdew-Zunger (PZ) self-interaction correction (SIC) is an established tool to correct unphysical behavior in density functional approximations. Yet, PZ-SIC is well-known to sometimes break molecular symmetries. An example of this is the benzene molecule, for which PZ-SIC predicts a symmetry-broken electron density and molecular geometry, since the method does not describe the two possible Kekulé structures on an even footing, leading to local minima [Lehtola et al, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2016, 12, 3195]. PZ-SIC is often implemented with Fermi-Löwdin orbitals (FLOs), yielding the FLO-SIC method, which likewise has issues with symmetry breaking and local minima [Trepte et al, J. Chem. Phys. 2021, 155, 224109].
 In this work, we propose a generalization of PZ-SIC - the ensemble PZ-SIC (E-PZ-SIC) method - which shares the asymptotic computational scaling of PZ-SIC (albeit with an additional prefactor). E-PZ-SIC is straightforwardly applicable to various molecules, merely requiring one to average the self-interaction correction over all possible Kekulé structures, in line with chemical intuition. We showcase the implementation of E-PZ-SIC with FLOs, as the resulting E-FLO-SIC method is easy to realize on top of an existing implementation of FLO-SIC. We show that E-FLO-SIC indeed eliminates symmetry breaking, reproducing a symmetric electron density and molecular geometry for benzene. The ensemble approach suggested herein could also be employed within approximate or locally scaled variants of PZ-SIC and their FLO-SIC versions.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures
Is Dark Matter in Spiral Galaxies Cold Gas? I. Observational Constraints and Dynamical Clues About Galaxy Evolution
Creators: name: Pfenniger, D.
name: Combes, F.
name: Martinet, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on dynamical constraints about the Hubble sequence evolution, observational data and a number of "conspiracies", we propose that the dark matter around spiral galaxies is in the form of cold gas, essentially in molecular form and rotationally supported. (full A&A paper (in press) available by anonymous ftp at obssd8.unige.ch in /pub/fractal as postscript file: dm_paper_I.ps (170k), or papers I & II + figures as a compressed tar file dm_papers.Z.tar (2.1 Mb)).
description: 15 pages, uuencoded compressed postscript, OBSGE-DM-I
Newton-Cartan Gravity and Torsion
Creators: name: Bergshoeff, Eric
name: Chatzistavrakidis, Athanasios
name: Romano, Luca
name: Rosseel, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the gauging of the Bargmann algebra, for the case of arbitrary torsion, with the result that one obtains from a null-reduction of General Relativity. Whereas the two procedures lead to the same result for Newton-Cartan geometry with arbitrary torsion, the null-reduction of the Einstein equations necessarily leads to Newton-Cartan gravity with zero torsion. We show, for three space-time dimensions, how Newton-Cartan gravity with arbitrary torsion can be obtained by starting from a Schroedinger field theory with dynamical exponent z=2 for a complex compensating scalar and next coupling this field theory to a z=2 Schroedinger geometry with arbitrary torsion. The latter theory can be obtained from either a gauging of the Schroedinger algebra, for arbitrary torsion, or from a null-reduction of conformal gravity.
description: 21 pages
$B_c$ Mesons Production at Hadron Colliders by Heavy Quark Fragmentation
Creators: name: Cheung, Kingman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a reliable estimate on the production rate of $B_c$ mesons in $1S$ and $2S$ states in the large transverse momentum region at hadronic colliders using heavy quark fragmentation functions derived within the framework of perturbative QCD. We also present the transverse momentum distribution for the $B_c$ mesons. The production rate is large enough for the $B_c$ mesons to be identified at the Tevatron. At the SSC/LHC the rate is so large that their properties can be studied in details.
description: 11 pages, RevTex, 3 figures (send upon request), NUHEP-TH-93-19
The impact of dark energy on galaxy formation. What does the future of our Universe hold?
Creators: name: Salcido, Jaime
name: Bower, Richard G.
name: Barnes, Luke A.
name: Lewis, Geraint F.
name: Elahi, Pascal J.
name: Theuns, Tom
name: Schaller, Matthieu
name: Crain, Robert A.
name: Schaye, Joop
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of the accelerated expansion of the Universe due to a cosmological constant, $Λ$, on the cosmic star formation rate. We utilise hydrodynamical simulations from the EAGLE suite, comparing a $Λ$CDM Universe to an Einstein-de Sitter model with $Λ=0$. Despite the differences in the rate of growth of structure, we find that dark energy, at its observed value, has negligible impact on star formation in the Universe. We study these effects beyond the present day by allowing the simulations to run forward into the future ($t>13.8$ Gyr). We show that the impact of $Λ$ becomes significant only when the Universe has already produced most of its stellar mass, only decreasing the total co-moving density of stars ever formed by ${\approx}15\%$. We develop a simple analytic model for the cosmic star formation rate that captures the suppression due to a cosmological constant. The main reason for the similarity between the models is that feedback from accreting black holes dramatically reduces the cosmic star formation at late times. Interestingly, simulations without feedback from accreting black holes predict an upturn in the cosmic star formation rate for $t>15$ Gyr due to the rejuvenation of massive ($ > 10^{11} \mathrm{M}_{\odot}$) galaxies. We briefly discuss the implication of the weak dependence of the cosmic star formation on $Λ$ in the context of the anthropic principle.
description: Accepted MNRAS. 16 pages, 11 figures. The EAGLE simulation data is available at http://icc.dur.ac.uk/Eagle/database.php
Is Dark Matter in Spiral Galaxies Cold Gas? II. Fractal Models and Star Non-Formation
Creators: name: Pfenniger, D.
name: Combes, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gas cloud models taking into account the recently disclosed fractal structure of cold gas are set up, showing that large errors in the classical gas mass determination based on smooth cloud models can easily follow if the gas is in reality fractal. Fractal clouds must present both optically thin and optically thick clumps in any single wavelength observations. The observed fractal dimension of the cold ISM suggests that mass underestimates by a factor 10 or more are typical. Due to its low temperature (around 3 K), and its condensed fractal structure, together with its low metallicity, the outer gas would be almost invisible for usual detectors. (A&A paper (in press) and figures available by anonymous ftp at obssd8.unige.ch in /pub/fractal as postscript file: dm_paper_II.ps (251k) and FIG*.ps, or papers I & II + figures as a compressed tar file dm_papers.Z.tar (2.1 Mb)).
description: 25 pages, uuencoded compressed postscript (figures available by ftp, see abstract), OBSGE-DM-II
A Relationship of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Features with Galaxy Merger in Star-forming Galaxies at $z<0.2$
Creators: name: Murata, Katsuhiro L.
name: Yamada, Rika
name: Oyabu, Shinki
name: Kaneda, Hidehiro
name: Ishihara, Daisuke
name: Yamagishi, Mitsuyoshi
name: Kokusho, Takuma
name: Takeuchi, Tsutomu T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the AKARI, Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data, we investigated the relation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mass ($M_{\rm PAH}$), very small grain mass ($M_{\rm VSG}$), big grain mass ($M_{\rm BG}$) and stellar mass ($M_{\rm star}$) with galaxy merger for 55 star-forming galaxies at redshift $z<0.2$. Using the SDSS image at $z<0.1$ and the HST image at $z>0.1$, we divided the galaxies into merger galaxies and non-merger galaxies with the morphological parameter asymmetry $A$, and quantified merging stages of galaxies based on the morphological indicators, the second-order momentum of the brightest 20$\%$ region $M_{20}$ and the Gini coefficient. We find that $M_{\rm PAH}/M_{\rm BG}$ of merger galaxies tend to be lower than that of non-merger galaxies and there are no systematic differences of $M_{\rm VSG}/M_{\rm BG}$ and $M_{\rm BG}/M_{\rm star}$ between merger galaxies and non-merger galaxies. We find that galaxies with very low $M_{\rm PAH}/M_{\rm BG}$ seem to be merger galaxies at late stages. These results suggest that PAHs are partly destroyed at late stages of merging processes. Furthermore, we investigated $M_{\rm PAH}/M_{\rm BG}$ variations in radiation field intensity strength $G_0$ and the emission line ratio of $[{\rm O\,{\scriptsize I}}]λ6300/{\rm H}α$ which is a shock tracer for merger galaxies and find that $M_{\rm PAH}/M_{\rm BG}$ decreases with increasing both $G_0$ and $[{\rm O\,{\scriptsize I}}]/{\rm H}α$. PAH destruction is likely to be caused by two processes; strong radiation fields and large-scale shocks during merging processes of galaxies.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
QCD effects and $b$-tagging at LEP I
Creators: name: Moretti, S.
name: Tausk, J. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the impact of using $b$-tagged samples in studying non-Abelian effects due to QCD in $e^+e^-\ar 4$jet events at $\sqrt s=M_{Z^0}$, using angular variable analyses and comparisons with $e^+e^-\ar 3 \mbox{jet}γ$ events. We find that QCD effects are largely enhanced in $b$-quark samples with respect to `unflavoured' ones, where energy-ordering is used to distinguish between gluon and quark jets. We show that the $b$-quark mass influences the angular distributions significantly and should not be neglected
description: 16 pages, latex, 11 figures appended (tarred and uuencoded), the complete paper is available via anonymous ftp at ftp://cpt1.dur.ac.uk/pub/preprints/dtp94/dtp94104/ (get dtp94104_*.ps)
Anisotropic cosmological reconstruction in $f(R,T)$ gravity
Creators: name: Mishra, B.
name: Tarai, Sankarsan
name: Tripathy, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anisotropic cosmological models are constructed in $f(R,T)$ gravity theory to investigate the dynamics of universe concerning the late time cosmic acceleration. Using a more general and simple approach, the effect of the coupling constant and anisotropy on the cosmic dynamics have been investigated. Cosmic anisotropy is found affect substantially the cosmic dynamics.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Strange Hadrons from the ALCOR Rehadronization Model
Creators: name: Biro, T. S.
name: Levai, P.
name: Zimanyi, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hadron multiplicities --- especially for strange particles --- are calculated in the framework of the algebraic coalescence rehadronization model (ALCOR), which counts for redistribution of quarks into hadrons for relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The influence of Bjorken flow on the final hadronic composition are incorporated in the model. A comparison is made with the CERN SPS NA35 $S+S$ and $p+p$ experiments. The analysis of these experiments with ALCOR shows a strangeness enhancement for S+S collisions and a possible formation of a sort of semi-deconfined state of the matter. Predictions for Pb+Pb collisions (NA49) are also presented.
description: 14 pages, LaTeX, Review to appear in Proceedings of Strangeness'95, Tucson, Arizona, Jan. 4--6 1995. (American Institute of Physics)
Additional file 7 of Phylogenomics of palearctic Formica species suggests a single origin of temporary parasitism and gives insights to the evolutionary pathway toward slave-making behaviour
Creators: name: Romiguier, Jonathan
name: Rolland, Jonathan
name: Morandin, Claire
name: Keller, Laurent
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Figure S7 Phylogenetic tree based on the cox1 mitochondrial gene of 41 Formica species borrowed from GeneBank (NCBI ID indicated between parentheses). The tree was built using RAxML (GTRâ +â GAMMA, 500 bootstrap replications). Nodes supported by a bootstrap inferior to 70 were removed. Nearctic species are highlighted in red. (PDF 35 kb)
Gravitational microlensing by the halo of the Andromeda galaxy
Creators: name: Jetzer, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been shown by Paczyński that gravitational microlensing is a useful method to detect brown dwarfs in the dark halo of our galaxy. At present several experiments are carried out to monitor several million stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud with the aim to find such microlensing events. Here I discuss the possibility to use as targets stars in the Andromeda galaxy. Such an experiment would be sensitive to both the brown dwarfs in our halo and in the one of M31. The optical depth $τ$ to gravitational microlensing due to brown dwarfs in the halo of M31 turns out to be $\sim 10^{-6}$, which is comparable to the value of $τ$ for our own halo. I also compute the microlensing rate and the average lensing duration and consider moreover the dependence of $τ$ on the shape of the halo.
description: 9 pages, latex, to appear in Astron & Astrophys, ZU-TH 5/1993
Comparing Lazy Constraint Selection Strategies in Train Routing with Moving Block Control
Creators: name: Engels, Stefan
name: Wille, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Railroad transportation plays a vital role in the future of sustainable mobility. Besides building new infrastructure, capacity can be improved by modern train control systems, e.g., based on moving blocks. At the same time, there is only limited work on how to optimally route trains using the potential gained by these systems. Recently, an initial approach for train routing with moving block control has been proposed to address this demand. However, detailed evaluations on so-called lazy constraints are missing, and no publicly available implementation exists. In this work, we close this gap by providing an extended approach as well as a flexible open-source implementation that can use different solving strategies. Using that, we experimentally evaluate what choices should be made when implementing a lazy constraint approach. The corresponding implementation and benchmarks are publicly available as part of the Munich Train Control Toolkit (MTCT) at https://github.com/cda-tum/mtct.
description: Accepted Version: 19th Conference on Computer Science and Intelligence Systems (FedCSIS 2024)
Structure of the Entanglement Entropy of (3+1)D Gapped Phases of Matter
Creators: name: Zheng, Yunqin
name: He, Huan
name: Bradlyn, Barry
name: Cano, Jennifer
name: Neupert, Titus
name: Bernevig, B. Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the entanglement entropy of gapped phases of matter in three spatial dimensions. We focus in particular on size-independent contributions to the entropy across entanglement surfaces of arbitrary topologies. We show that for low energy fixed-point theories, the constant part of the entanglement entropy across any surface can be reduced to a linear combination of the entropies across a sphere and a torus. We first derive our results using strong sub-additivity inequalities along with assumptions about the entanglement entropy of fixed-point models, and identify the topological contribution by considering the renormalization group flow; in this way we give an explicit definition of topological entanglement entropy $S_{\mathrm{topo}}$ in (3+1)D, which sharpens previous results. We illustrate our results using several concrete examples and independent calculations, and show adding "twist" terms to the Lagrangian can change $S_{\mathrm{topo}}$ in (3+1)D. For the generalized Walker-Wang models, we find that the ground state degeneracy on a 3-torus is given by $\exp(-3S_{\mathrm{topo}}[T^2])$ in terms of the topological entanglement entropy across a 2-torus. We conjecture that a similar relationship holds for Abelian theories in $(d+1)$ dimensional spacetime, with the ground state degeneracy on the $d$-torus given by $\exp(-dS_{\mathrm{topo}}[T^{d-1}])$.
description: 34 pages, 16 figures