cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Childhood Asthma Management In Primary Care – Implementation Of Exhaled Nitric Oxide And Spirometry Testing
Creators: name: Lo, David K. H.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommends spirometry and exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) testing in children from five years for diagnosis, and spirometry for asthma monitoring. However, there is limited paediatric spirometry and eNO data in UK primary care to support this.Using the principles of a type 3 hybrid study design, this was a prospective observational study with the dual objectives of exploring the implementation and clinical outcomes related to provision of spirometry and eNO testing for children in general practice. Firstly, to quantify the training and capacity requirements needed in general practice to deliver routine spirometry and eNO testing for children, and secondly to explore what additional information these tests provide and how they relate to current symptoms and asthma attacks.Ten general practices (GP) participated. GP staff were trained to perform and interpret spirometry and eNO. Children aged 5-16 with suspected or doctor-diagnosed asthma were invited to attend a review. Spirometry and eNO data, Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores, and number of UHAs in the previous six months were recorded. Follow up ACTs were sent out, and patient records were reviewed, six months later.We demonstrated that it is possible to train GP staff to obtain quality spirometry and eNO data from most children in the GP setting, and that the tests are acceptable to staff and families.Of the 612 children recruited, 24% had abnormal spirometry and 36% had raised eNO. 54% of children reporting good asthma control had abnormal spirometry or raised eNO, whilst 49% of children reporting poor control had normal tests. We conclude that abnormal lung function is prevalent in children managed for asthma in primary care, and assessing asthma based on symptoms’ alone is inadequate. The role of objective test targeted children’s asthma management in primary care warrants further study.
A Set of Recommendations for Assessing Human-Machine Parity in Language Translation
Creators: name: Läubli, Samuel
name: Castilho, Sheila
name: Neubig, Graham
name: Sennrich, Rico
name: Shen, Qinlan
name: Toral, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The quality of machine translation has increased remarkably over the past years, to the degree that it was found to be indistinguishable from professional human translation in a number of empirical investigations. We reassess Hassan et al.'s 2018 investigation into Chinese to English news translation, showing that the finding of human-machine parity was owed to weaknesses in the evaluation design - which is currently considered best practice in the field. We show that the professional human translations contained significantly fewer errors, and that perceived quality in human evaluation depends on the choice of raters, the availability of linguistic context, and the creation of reference translations. Our results call for revisiting current best practices to assess strong machine translation systems in general and human-machine parity in particular, for which we offer a set of recommendations based on our empirical findings.
Radiant suns, burning fires and d brilliant flowers: The onomasiology and radical support of Chinese literary LIGHT ideophones (2019)
Creators: name: Hoey, Thomas Van
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Once relegated to the margins of linguistics, iconicity (Haiman 1985) and ideophones (Voeltz & Kilian- Hatz 2001; Dingemanse 2012; 2018) have slowly reclaimed their place as linguistic phenomena worthy of study. Most work has been synchronic and elicited in nature. However, in the past few years, diachronic approaches have started to take hold as well (e.g. Akita et al. 2014; Van Hoey & Lu 2019). This study is conducted along similar lines, but focuses on onomasiology through computational methodology.Based on the findings by the authors [cf. Authors], it was found that Premodern Chinese literary ideophones in the semantic domain matrix of LIGHT (1) exhibit a prototypical polysemous structure as to their semantic preference, similar to Geeraerts’s (1997) study of vergrijpen. This study, then, first replicates that analysis, using skipgrams as the foundation of the computational methodology. After this it is possible to enlarge the scope of the lexical items under investigation, i.e. LIGHT ideophones. This quantification provides a firmer empirical basis for arguing that many different frames (see Kövecses 2017) are involved with LIGHT ideophones, such as (but not limited to) LIGHT, FIRE, SUN, MOON, STARS, RED, FLOWERS, and GOLD.If these frames are then taken as the source of exploration, it is possible to reverse the perspective from a semasiological (‘meaning’ of a lexical item) to an onomasiological one (‘names’ of a certain meaning). This allows a statistically normalized comparison between the different ideophones for different times per frame — effectively displaying the dynamicity of the system. They also form a basis for comparison with the ideophones that ‘survived’ into Modern Mandarin Chinese (and other Sinitic languages).Lastly, if we further pursue this quantified and onomasiological road and compare the above- mentioned frames to the radicals (‘semantic indices’) often present in Chinese characters, it can be seen that for SUN (日 in 1a), FIRE (火 in 1b) and LIGHT (光 in 1c) there are differing tendencies of ‘radical attraction’ throughout time, unlike what one intuitively would expect, namely LIGHT ideo- phones having a statistically significant preference for LIGHT radicals. On the contrary, they tend to have a greater affinity for the metonymy FIRE FOR LIGHT or SUN FOR LIGHT, rather than the non-metonymous LIGHT itself.These important findings provide further evidence for the variationist nature of ideophones, both diachronic as well as synchronic (in a given time period), as well as their the prototypicality of their structure – an aspect of their meaning and usage that is often overlooked by formal approaches that only focus on their morphology (see e.g. Huang & Shi 2016) and autonomous syntax.
title: Life Satisfaction, Contract Farming and Property Rights: Evidence from Ghana
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Väth, Susanne
name: Gobien, Simone
name: Kirk, Michael
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: large-scale land acquisition
Economics
Wirtschaft
property rights
contract farming
subjective well-being
quasi-natural experiment

description: Recently, large-scale land acquisition has increased dramatically in the developing world. The question whether land deals can benefit both the local population and the investor is therefore high on the international agenda. Contract farming is discussed as a possible solution but studies identifying the causal effects are rare. Using data from a quasi-natural experiment in contract allocation, we compare the subjective well-being of outgrowers and independent farmers in the sphere of the biggest palm oil producer in Ghana. We identify a positive causal effect of the outgrower scheme which increases subjective well-being by 1.5 points on a scale of 0 to 10. We find a substitutive relationship between having an outgrower contract and having property rights, and thus we argue that by increasing security a contract increases well-being, as secure rights to land matter substantially for the overall life satisfaction of non-contract but not of contract farmers.
‘I need a break’: the effect of choice of rest break duration on vigilance
Creators: name: Waldfogle, Grace E.
name: Garibaldi, Allison E.
name: Neigel, Alexis R.
name: Szalma, James L.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Vigilance is the ability to sustain attention for an extended period of time and to respond to infrequently occurring critical signals. One of the most replicable findings within the vigilance literature is the performance decrement; the decline in performance as time on task increases. In an effort to attenuate the decrement, and decrease the workload and stress associated with vigilance, the present study investigated the role of choice of rest break duration on vigilance performance, perceived workload, and stress. Participants were assigned to one of three conditions: (1) choice condition, (2) no-choice condition (yoked-control), and (3) a no-break control condition. Participants completed a sensory vigilance task and common measures of workload and stress. A vigilance decrement was observed in all conditions. Participants in the choice condition exhibited more conservative responses and fewer false alarms than the no-choice condition. Across all conditions, task engagement and worry decreased, and distress increased. Practitioner Summary: This study shows the impact of rest breaks and autonomy on vigilance task performance. The findings suggest that resource theory is a plausible explanation for the vigilance decrement. Additionally, providing a choice in rest break length changes the operator’s criterion following the break. Abbreviations: TSA: transportation security administration; SART: sustained attention to response task; ERP: event-related potential; S-DT: self-determination theory; ISI: interstimulus interval; DSSQ: dundee stress state questionnaire; CFQ: cognitive failures questionnaire; BP: boredom proneness; NASA-TLX: NASA task load index; IMI: intrinsic motivation inventory
Possible existence of a band of extended states induced by inter-Landau-band mixing in quantum Hall system
Creators: name: Xiong, Gang
name: Wang, Shi-Dong
name: Niu, Qian
name: Wang, Yupeng
name: Xie, X. C.
name: Tian, De-Cheng
name: Wang, X. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mixing of states with {\it opposite chirality} in quantum Hall system is shown to have delocalization effect. It is possible that extended states may form bands because of this mixing, as is shown through a numerical calculation on a two-channel network model. Based on this result, a new phase diagram with a narrow {\it metallic} phase separating two adjacent QH phases and/or separating a QH phase from the insulating phase is proposed. The data from recent non-scaling experiments is reanalyzed and shown that they seem to be {\it consistent} with the new phase diagram. However, due to finite-size effects, further study on large system size is still needed to conclude whether there are extended state bands in thermodynamic limit.
description: 17 pages, 19 figures
Economic Impacts of Farm Program Payment Limits
Creators: name: Knutson, Ronald D.
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Smith, Edward G.
name: Rister, M. Edward
name: Grant, Warren R.
name: Lippke, Lawrence A.
name: Israelsen, Craig L.
name: Knutson, Ronald D.
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Smith, Edward G.
name: Rister, M. Edward
name: Grant, Warren R.
name: Lippke, Lawrence A.
name: Israelsen, Craig L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The high levels of government payments to farmers resulting from the 1985 farm bill have once again led the Congress to examine the payment limit issue. Payment limits were initially established in 1970 and have since been revised several times. In this report, policy and farm management economists analyze the consequences of alternative payment limits on economic efficiency, economic viability of family-size farms, international competitiveness, and consumer food costs. Effective payment limits encourage reduced farm size and in the presence of economies of size, tend to increase production costs for program crops. The Agricultural and Food Policy Center is charged with evaluating economic impacts of policy alternatives -- not recommending, advocating, or opposing particular policies. The Center's orientation is toward Texas agriculture -- evaluating policy impacts on its producers and consumers. Farm prices and income, however, are determined in world markets that are influenced by national economic policy and farm programs. Texas impacts, therefore, must be evaluated in a much broader national and international market and policy context.
title: Do contract farming and property rights matter for rural development? Evidence from a large-scale investment in Ghana
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Väth, Susanne
name: Kirk, Michael
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: Large-scale land investment
Property rights
Oil palm
Quasi-natural experiment
Economics
Wirtschaft
Ghana
Contract farming

description: With the rising demand for agricultural land, land deals must be designed to benefit not only the investors but also the local population. This paper looks at two ways this might be done for farmers in the vicinity of a large-scale oil palm investment in Ghana: contract farming and secure property rights to land. We compare farmers to whom outgrower contracts were allocated, in a quasi-natural experiment, with independent oil palm growers. We find that property rights have a significantly positive effect on households’ agricultural income, profit per acre, and perceived future security, but that while contract farming has a significantly positive effect on households’ aggregated assets and perceived future security, its effect on agricultural income and profit per acre is significantly negative because of effort substitution, since outgrowers have a higher probability of engaging in non-farm business. The identified effects are highly significant and supported by robustness checks. We conclude that large-scale investment need not be to the disadvantage of the local population if it respects existing bundles of property rights and may be beneficial for those who participate in contract farming.
Modeling in the Time of COVID-19: Statistical and Rule-based Mesoscale Models
Creators: name: Nguyen, Ngan
name: Strnad, Ondrej
name: Klein, Tobias
name: Luo, Deng
name: Alharbi, Ruwayda
name: Wonka, Peter
name: Maritan, Martina
name: Mindek, Peter
name: Autin, Ludovic
name: Goodsell, David S.
name: Viola, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We present a new technique for rapid modeling and construction of scientifically accurate mesoscale biological models. Resulting 3D models are based on few 2D microscopy scans and the latest knowledge about the biological entity represented as a set of geometric relationships. Our new technique is based on statistical and rule-based modeling approaches that are rapid to author, fast to construct, and easy to revise. From a few 2D microscopy scans, we learn statistical properties of various structural aspects, such as the outer membrane shape, spatial properties and distribution characteristics of the macromolecular elements on the membrane. This information is utilized in 3D model construction. Once all imaging evidence is incorporated in the model, additional information can be incorporated by interactively defining rules that spatially characterize the rest of the biological entity, such as mutual interactions among macromolecules, their distances and orientations to other structures. These rules are defined through an intuitive 3D interactive visualization and modeling feedback loop. We demonstrate the utility of our approach on a use case of the modeling procedure of the SARS-CoV-2 virus particle ultrastructure. Its first complete atomistic model, which we present here, can steer biological research to new promising directions in fighting spread of the virus.
Constraints on circum-galactic media from Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects and X-ray data
Creators: name: Wu, Xuanyi
name: Mo, Houjun
name: Li, Cheng
name: Lim, Seunghwan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use observational measurements of thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, as well as soft X-ray emission associated with galaxy groups to constrain the gas density and temperature in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) for dark matter halos with masses above $10^{12.5}M_{\odot}$. A number of generic models are used together with a Bayesian scheme to make model inferences. We find that gas with a single temperature component cannot provide a consistent model to match the observational data. A simple two-phase model assuming a hot component and an ionized warm component can accommodate all the three observations. The total amount of the gas in individual halos is inferred to be comparable to the universal baryon fraction corresponding to the halo mass. The inferred temperature of the hot component is comparable to the halo virial temperature. The fraction of the hot component increases from $(15-40)\%$ for $10^{12.5}{M}_\odot$ halos to $(40-60)\%$ for $10^{14.5}{M}_\odot$ halos, where the ranges reflect uncertainties in the assumed gas density profile. Our results suggest that a significant fraction of the halo gas is in a non-thermalized component with temperature much lower than the virial temperature.
description: 10pages, 3 figures
Estimating sediment entrainment thresholds in gravel-bed rivers with the force balance model: Developing location-general relations for predicting grain pivoting angle, projection and exposure
Creators: name: Nicholls, Rosalinde A.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Conditions for bedload movement are most often described in terms of dimensionless critical shear stress (τc∗), however a key difficulty is accurately estimating τc∗, leading to significant uncertainties with entrainment threshold predictions. One approach to predicting τc∗ is with a force balance which considers the relative magnitude of the forces acting to entrain a particle and those acting to keep it in on the river bed. The key sedimentological parameters of the force balance are grain pivoting angle (ϕ), projection (𝑝𝑝) and exposure (𝑒𝑒), with ϕ representing a particle’s resistance to motion and p and e determining the drag and lift forces acting on a grain. Grain pivoting angle, projection and exposure are known to vary with the properties of the bed, although the exact co-dependencies have not been fully investigated. Previous studies into the factors controlling ϕ are thought to be limited as they sampled beds with a narrow range of sediment characteristics, and little work has been carried out to determine the bed sediment and elevation characteristics that determine grain projection and exposure. Through the measurement of over 10,300 pivoting angle values and 9,600 estimates of projection and exposure across a broad range of sediment mixtures from different gravel-bed river environments (humid-temperate perennial in the UK and dryland ephemeral rivers in Israel), this novel study has led to an improved understanding of how bed sediment character affects the key parameters of the force balance model, and thus sediment entrainment thresholds. Relative grain size, bed sediment sorting and grain shape were shown to be significant determinants of ϕ, 𝑝𝑝 and 𝑒𝑒 at a site. Additionally, bed roughness and angularity were significant determinants of ϕ and median grain size and kurtosis were significant determinants of 𝑝𝑝 and 𝑒𝑒. From this, empirical relations for predicting ϕ, 𝑝𝑝 and 𝑒𝑒 as a function of bed sediment characteristics alone (location-general relations) have been derived.
Economics of Atrazine Remediation for Representative Grain Farms in the Aquilla Watershed, Hill County, Texas
Creators: name: Sartwelle, James D.
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Schumann, Keith D.
name: Sartwelle, James D.
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Schumann, Keith D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: An economic analysis of alternative best management practices (BMPs) for atrazine remediation in Hill County, Texas, was performed by the Agricultural and Food Policy Center (AFPC) at Texas A&M University. Using the farm-level economic simulation model FLIPSIM, AFPC scientists analyzed the financial effects of the alternative BMPs on the Texas Blackland Prairie representative farm. This farm consists of 2,000 dryland acres divided among corn (600 acres), sorghum (750 acres), wheat (250 acres), and native pasture (150 acres). This farm also maintains a small beef cowherd. Regularly updated, the AFPC maintains more than 95 farms across the nation that form the basis for probabilistic-based agricultural policy evaluation.
Perspectives for a mixed two-qubit system with binomial quantum states
Creators: name: Abdel-Aty, Mahmoud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of the relationship between entanglement and two-qubit systems in which it is embedded is central to the quantum information theory. This paper suggests that the concurrence hierarchy as an entanglement measure provides an alternative view of how to think about this problem. We consider mixed states of two qubits and obtain an exact solution of the time-dependent master equation that describes the evolution of two two-level qubits (or atoms) within a perfect cavity for the case of multiphoton transition. We consider the situation for which the field may start from a binomial state. Employing this solution, the significant features of the entanglement when a second qubit is weakly coupled to the field and becomes entangled with the first qubit, is investigated. We also describe the response of the atomic system as it varies between the Rabi oscillations and the collapse-revival mode and investigate the atomic inversion and the Q-function. We identify and numerically demonstrate the region of parameters where significantly large entanglement can be obtained. Most interestingly, it is shown that features of the entanglement is influenced significantly when the multi-photon process is involved. Finally, we obtain illustrative examples of some novel aspects of this system and show how the off-resonant case can sensitize entanglement to the role of initial state setting.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures
Additional file 1 of Quality of life in primary sclerosing cholangitis: a systematic review
Creators: name: Marcus, Elena
name: Stone, Paddy
name: Anna-Maria Krooupa
name: Thorburn, Douglas
name: Vivat, Bella
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Full MEDLINE search strategy.
Jet Energy Density in Hadron-Hadron Collisions at High Energies
Creators: name: Ilic, J. V.
name: Skoro, G. P.
name: Tokarev, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The average particle multiplicity density dN/deta is the dynamical quantity which reflects some regularities of particle production in low-pT range. The quantity is an important ingredient of z-scaling. Experimental results on charged particle density are available for pp, pA and AA collisions while experimental properties of the jet density are still an open question. The goal of this work is to find the variable which will reflect the main features of the jet production in low transverse energy range and play the role of the scale factor for the scaling function psi(z) and variable z in data z-presentation. The appropriate candidate is the variable we called "scaled jet energy density". Scaled jet energy density is the probability to have a jet with defined ET in defined xT and pseudorapidity regions. The PYTHIA6.2 Monte Carlo generator is used for calculation of scaled jet energy density in proton-proton collisions over a high energy range (sqrt s = 200-14000 GeV) and at eta = 0. The properties of the new variable are discussed and sensitivity to "physical scenarios" applied in the standard Monte Carlo generator is noted. The results of scaled jet energy density at LHC energies are presented and compared with predictions based on z-scaling.
description: 11 pages, LaTeX, 8 figures, Presented at the XVII International Baldin Seminar on High Energy Physics Problems "Relativistic Nuclear Physics & Quantum Chromodynamics", Dubna, Russia, September 27 - October 2, 2004
The association of mobile touch screen device use with parent-child attachment: a systematic review
Creators: name: Hood, Rebecca
name: Zabatiero, Juliana
name: Zubrick, Stephen R.
name: Silva, Desiree
name: Straker, Leon
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Mobile touch screen devices (smartphones and tablet computers) have become an integral part of many parents’ and children’s lives, with this interaction linked to physical, mental and social outcomes. Despite the known importance of parent-child attachment, evidence on the association between device use and attachment was yet to be reviewed. Following protocol pre-registration, databases were searched, papers screened, and methodological quality assessed. Three papers met the inclusion criteria, and reported some negative associations between duration of parent/child smartphone use and attachment outcomes. A narrative synthesis on two groups of related papers found child time using any screen technology (including television viewing), and child ‘problematic’ internet, mobile phone, gaming and social media use, was negatively associated with attachment outcomes. Currently there is limited direct evidence on any association between time parents or children spend using these devices and parent-child attachment to support time guidelines for families and professionals working with families. Practitioner summary: Many parents and children regularly spend time using smartphones and tablet computers. This systematic review found limited evidence evaluating associations between child/adolescent or parent time using devices and parent-child attachment. Until quality evidence exists, practitioners should be alert to potential impacts of device use on family relationships and child outcomes.
The Impact of Organizational Culture on Knowledge Transfer Practices: A Case Study of a Health Care Organization
Creators: name: AlGhamdi, Rania N.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Knowledge transfer in organizations has been a topic of great interest to many researchers in recent years. Most research studies related to knowledge transfer have investigated the different aspects of organizational culture and how they influence the process of knowledge transfer. However, there has been a lack of studies that examine the relationship between organizational culture and knowledge transfer in health care organizations in general and in developing countries such as Saudi Arabia in particular. This research study is driven by the need to close the gap in the literature by examining the relationship between organizational culture and knowledge transfer in the health care sector in Saudi Arabia.The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of organizational culture on the transfer of knowledge in health care. Studies in this area have taken a holistic approach to identify the factors that impact knowledge transfer. The present study takes a more focused approach, where the cultural factors that impact the transfer of knowledge are identified and explored through the lens of a health care organization. This research is set within the context of health care in Saudi Arabia, two contexts which have not been considered together in previous studies.The aim of the study was achieved by conducting a case study in a health care organization. The research methodology includes both positivist and interpretivist approaches, utilizing a mixed research approach in which qualitative and quantitative research approaches were implemented. Research data were collected using self-administered online questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The findings from the questionnaires were later compared with the findings from the interviews.The research concludes that the culture of an organization has both a facilitating and an impeding effect on knowledge transfer in the context of a health care organization. One finding suggests that organizational management and communication are amongst the main factors that have this facilitating and impeding impacts on the transfer of knowledge. Second, meeting the needs of customers and patients is revealed to have the most significant impact on organizational culture in health care. The research concludes that a culture that is supportive of knowledge transfer depends on having both internal and external motivational factors within the organization. The research outcomes have academic implications, since the research findings can be compared with other Western culture research findings, and practical implications for knowledge transfer practices and communication strategies in health care organizations.
Generation of second harmonic in off-diagonal magneto-impedance in Co-based amorphous ribbons
Creators: name: Buznikov, N. A.
name: Yoon, S. S.
name: Jin, L.
name: Kim, C. O
name: Kim, C. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The off-diagonal magneto-impedance in Co-based amorphous ribbons was measured using a pick-up coil wound around the sample. The ribbons were annealed in air or in vacuum in the presence of a weak magnetic field. The evolution of the first and second harmonics in the pick-up coil voltage as a function of the current amplitude was studied. At low current amplitudes, the first harmonic dominates in the frequency spectrum of the voltage, and at sufficiently high current amplitudes, the amplitude of the second harmonic becomes higher than that of the first harmonic. For air-annealed ribbons, the asymmetric two-peak behaviour of the field dependences of the harmonic amplitudes was observed, which is related to the coupling between the amorphous phase and surface crystalline layers appearing after annealing. For vacuum-annealed samples, the first harmonic has a maximum at zero external field, and the field dependence of the second harmonic exhibits symmetric two-peak behaviour. The experimental results are interpreted in terms of a quasi-static rotational model. It is shown that the appearance of the second harmonic in the pick-up coil voltage is related to the anti-symmetrical distribution of the transverse field induced by the current. The calculated dependences are in a qualitative agreement with the experimental data.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Internal migration and health in South Africa: determinants of healthcare utilisation in a young adult cohort
Creators: name: Ginsburg, Carren
name: Collinson, Mark A.
name: F. Xavier Gómez-Olivé
name: Gross, Mark
name: Sadson Harawa
name: Lurie, Mark N.
name: Mukondwa, Keith
name: Pheiffer, Chantel F.
name: Tollman, Stephen
name: Wang, Rebecca
name: White, Michael J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption spectroscopy of space-related ices: 1 keV electron irradiation of nitrogen- and oxygen-rich ices
Creators: name: Ioppolo, S.
name: Kanuchová, Z.
name: James, R. L.
name: Dawes, A.
name: Jones, N. C.
name: Hoffmann, S. V.
name: Mason, N. J.
name: Strazzulla, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular oxygen, nitrogen, and ozone have been detected in the Solar System. They are also expected to be present in ice-grain mantles within star-forming regions. Laboratory experiments that simulate energetic processing (ions, photons, and electrons) of ices are essential for interpreting and directing future astronomical observations. We provide VUV photoabsorption spectroscopic data of energetically processed nitrogen- and oxygen-rich ices that will help to identify absorption bands and/or spectral slopes observed on icy objects in the Solar System and on ice-grain mantles of the interstellar medium. We present VUV photoabsorption spectra of frozen O2 and N2, a 1:1 mixture of both, and a new systematic set of pure and mixed nitrogen oxide ices. Spectra were obtained at 22 K before and after 1 keV electron bombardment of the ice sample. Ices were then annealed to higher temperatures to study their thermal evolution. In addition, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used as a secondary probe of molecular synthesis to better identify the physical and chemical processes at play. Our VUV data show that ozone and the azide radical (N3) are observed in our experiments after electron irradiation of pure O2 and N2 ices, respectively. Energetic processing of an O2:N2 = 1:1 ice mixture leads to the formation of ozone along with a series of nitrogen oxides. The electron irradiation of solid nitrogen oxides, pure and in mixtures, induces the formation of new species such as O2, N2 , and other nitrogen oxides not present in the initial ice. Results are discussed here in light of their relevance to various astrophysical environments. Finally, we show that VUV spectra of solid NO2 and water can reproduce the observational VUV profile of the cold surface of Enceladus, Dione, and Rhea, strongly suggesting the presence of nitrogen oxides on the surface of the icy Saturn moons.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Additional file 1 of Addressing data and methodological limitations in estimating catastrophic health spending and impoverishment in India, 2004–18
Creators: name: Mohanty, Sanjay K.
name: Dwivedi, Laxmi Kant
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Subsistence expenditure as share of household consumption expenditure, 2004–18.
High frequency quasi-normal modes for black holes with generic singularities II: Asymptotically non-flat spacetimes
Creators: name: Ghosh, Archisman
name: Shankaranarayanan, S.
name: Das, Saurya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility that the asymptotic quasi-normal mode (QNM) frequencies can be used to obtain the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy for the Schwarzschild black hole -- commonly referred to as Hod's conjecture -- has received considerable attention. To test this conjecture, using monodromy technique, attempts have been made to analytically compute the asymptotic frequencies for a large class of black hole spacetimes. In an earlier work, two of the current authors computed the high frequency QNMs for scalar perturbations of $(D+2)$ dimensional spherically symmetric, asymptotically flat, single horizon spacetimes with generic power-law singularities. In this work, we extend these results to asymptotically non-flat spacetimes. Unlike the earlier analyses, we treat asymptotically flat and de Sitter spacetimes in a unified manner, while the asymptotic anti-de Sitter spacetimes is considered separately. We obtain master equations for the asymptotic QNM frequency for all the three cases. We show that for all the three cases, the real part of the asymptotic QNM frequency -- in general -- is not proportional to ln(3) thus indicating that the Hod's conjecture may be restrictive.
description: 16 pages; 3 Figures; Revtex4; Final Version -- To appear in CQG
title: Mergers and the Incentives to Undertake Product Innovation Oriented R&D: First Steps Towards an Assessment Approach
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Kern, Bejamin R.
name: Contreras, Juan Manuel Mantilla
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft

description: The firms that compete with one another in terms of innovation do not necessarily coincide with the relevant competitors on pre-innovation product markets. As a consequence, the findings about the ambiguous interrelation between (product) market concentration and innovation cannot be transferred one-to-one to the interrelationship between innovation competition and innovation. By identifying and classifying the most relevant effects, which are decisive for the impact of mergers on the incentives to invest in product innovation oriented R&D, we will demonstrate that the interrelation between innovation competition and innovation is not always as unclear as it seems. Hence, by analyzing the model-theoretic industrial organization literature, this article aims to contribute to the discussion about the development of a decision theoretic assessment framework for analyzing the impact of mergers on innovation and is therefore also in line with the idea of a rule-based competition policy which is, from a law and economics perspective, ought to reduce error costs, give legal guidance and reduce legal uncertainty.
Molecular Gas Heating and Modified Dust Properties in Active Galaxies: Growing Black Holes or Tidal Shocks?
Creators: name: Minsley, Rebecca
name: Petric, Andreea
name: Lambrides, Erini
name: Diadmond-Stanic, Aleksandar M.
name: Merhi, Maya
name: Chiaberge, Marco
name: Flagey, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate if and how growing super-massive black holes (SMBH) known as Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and gravitational interactions affect the warm molecular gas and dust of galaxies. Our analysis focuses on the morphologies and warm ISM properties of 630 galaxies at z < 0.1. We use grizy images from the Pan-STARRS survey to classify the galaxies into mergers, early mergers, and non-mergers. We use MIR spectroscopic measurements of emission from rotational H2 transitions, dust and PAH features, and silicate emission or absorption lines at 9.7 microns to study how gravitational interactions impact the warm ISM in AGN and non-AGN hosts. We find that in AGN-hosts, the ISM is warmer, the ratios of H2 to PAHs are larger, the PAH emission line ratios and silicate strengths have a wider range of values than in non-AGN hosts. We find some statistical differences between the H2 emission of mergers and non-mergers, but those differences are less statistically significant than those between AGN and non-AGN hosts.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, accepted to ApJ
Hole crystallization in semiconductors
Creators: name: Bonitz, M.
name: Filinov, V. S.
name: Fortov, V. E.
name: Levashov, P. R.
name: Fehske, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When electrons in a solid are excited to a higher energy band they leave behind a vacancy (hole) in the original band which behaves like a positively charged particle. Here we predict that holes can spontaneously order into a regular lattice in semiconductors with sufficiently flat valence bands. The critical hole to electron effective mass ratio required for this phase transition is found to be of the order of 80.
description: accepted for publication in J. Phys. A: Math. Gen
title: The labor market effects of trade unions: Layard meets Melitz
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: de Pinto, Marco
name: Michaelis, Jochen
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: lobbying
trade liberalization.
Economics
Wirtschaft
Trade unions

description: Trade unions are typically able to convert their industrial power into
political power. We show that, depending on the parameter constellation,
stronger trade unions may be welfare-improving in terms of an increase
in aggregate employment and output, if they successfully lobby for lower
trade barriers set by the government.
Analysis of H.R. 2646 on Land Tenure Arrangements on U.S. Representative and Texas FARM Assistance Farms
Creators: name: Outlaw, Joe L.
name: Klose, Steven L.
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Anderson, David P.
name: Womack, Abner W.
name: Outlaw, Joe L.
name: Klose, Steven L.
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Anderson, David P.
name: Womack, Abner W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: This report analyzes whether H.R. 2646 may provide economic incentives for landlords to end current land tenure arrangements with tenants and take over management (and government payments) associated with their land. This work is a followup to Briefing Paper 01-9, Representative Farm Analysis of the H.R. 2646 Farm Bill Proposal that analyzes the impacts of H.R. 2646 on the representative crop farms maintained by the Agricultural and Food Policy Center (AFPC).
Additional file 2 of New Brucella variant isolated from Croatian cattle
Creators: name: Spicic, Silvio
name: Zdelar-Tuk, Maja
name: Ponsart, Claire
name: Hendriksen, Rene S.
name: Reil, Irena
name: Girault, Guillaume
name: Pimlapas Leekitcharoenphon
name: Rukavina, Vesna
name: Rubin, Martina
name: Freddi, Luca
name: Duvnjak, Sanja
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Textual description of phylogenetic tree.
Generalized mass formula for non-strange and hyper nuclei with SU(6) symmetry breaking
Creators: name: Samanta, C.
name: Chowdhury, P. Roy
name: Basu, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simultaneous description of non-strange nuclei and hypernuclei is provided by a single mass formula inspired by the spin-flavour SU(6) symmetry breaking. This formula is used to estimate the hyperon binding energies of Lambda, double Lambda, Sigma, Cascade and Theta hypernuclei. The results are found to be in good agreement with the available experimental data on 'bound' nuclei and relativistic as well as quark mean field calculations. This mass formula is useful to estimate binding energies over a wide range of masses including the light mass nuclei. It is not applicable for repulsive potential.
description: 12 pages including 5 figures
Eliminating Violence against Women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A new model for further Implementation of United Nations Human Rights Standards
Creators: name: Misenga, Jean-Claude Kalume
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: There is an implementation gap between the obligation to eliminate violence against women (VAW) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the State’s action that has been partly attributed to the combined effects of the country’s unwillingness and lack of capacity to live up to its commitment to end VAW. In reality, these two problems are also exacerbated by the fact that United Nations (UN) Human Rights bodies mandated with promoting and protecting women’s right to be free from violence suffer from structural weaknesses that limit their ability to influence the domestic practices of States, such as the DRC. Adopting a sociolegal approach, this thesis develops an original five-step “Integrated and Multi-stakeholder Model of Human Rights Change”. Through this new model I analyse how a broad array of international and domestic stakeholders, including UN Human Rights bodies, can use the persuasive power of “moral consciousness-raising”, naming and shaming, dialogue and argumentation and the transformative power of capacity building to address, in an integrated, comprehensive and durable manner, implementation gaps that are likely to result from the DRC’s unwillingness and lack of capacity to implement its obligation to eliminate VAW. While this thesis confirms the potential of the Integrated and Multi-stakeholder Model of Human Rights Change, it also reveals that using this model to end VAW in the DRC is a long-term and expensive undertaking whose magnitude may oftentimes exceed the mandate of, capacity of and/or resources available to UN Human Rights bodies.
Die äthiopische Anaphora unserer Herrin Maria
Creators: name: Euringer, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 34 Nr. 1 (1937): Oriens christianus, Band 34, Heft 1
Noise and decoherence induced by gravitons
Creators: name: Kanno, Sugumi
name: Soda, Jiro
name: Tokuda, Junsei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum noise and decoherence induced by gravitons. We derive a Langevin equation of geodesic deviation in the presence of gravitons. The amplitude of noise correlations tells us that large squeezing is necessary to detect the noise. We also consider the decoherence of spatial superpositions of two massive particles caused by gravitons in the vacuum state and find that gravitons could give a relevant contribution to the decoherence. The decoherence induced by gravitons would offer new vistas to test quantum gravity in tabletop experiments.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures, major revision