cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Geometrical Bounds of the Irreversibility in Markovian Systems
Creators: name: Van Vu, Tan
name: Hasegawa, Yoshihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive geometrical bounds on the irreversibility in both quantum and classical Markovian open systems that satisfy the detailed balance condition. Using information geometry, we prove that irreversible entropy production is bounded from below by a modified Wasserstein distance between the initial and final states, thus strengthening the Clausius inequality in the reversible-Markov case. The modified metric can be regarded as a discrete-state generalization of the Wasserstein metric, which has been used to bound dissipation in continuous-state Langevin systems. Notably, the derived bounds can be interpreted as the quantum and classical speed limits, implying that the associated entropy production constrains the minimum time of transforming a system state. We illustrate the results on several systems and show that a tighter bound than the Carnot bound for the efficiency of quantum heat engines can be obtained.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure; 15 pages of supplemental material with 1 figure
Pauesia antennata
Creators: name: Akhtar, Mir Samim
name: Dey, Debjani
name: Usmani, Mohd. Kamil
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Pauesia
Pauesia antennata

description: 88. Pauesia antennata (Mukerji)
 Aphidius antennatus Mukerji, 1950: 33-34.
 Host. Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (Linnaeus) (Agarwala et al. 1981b).
 Distribution. NE India (Agarwala et al. 1981b).
description: Published as part of Akhtar, Mir Samim, Dey, Debjani & Usmani, Mohd. Kamil, 2011, A catalogue of aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) from India, pp. 1-31 in Insecta Mundi 2011 (151) on page 17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4531563
BREEDING BEANS FOR THE WEST INDIES
SELECTION DU HARICOT POUR LES ANTILLES
Creators: name: Messiaen, C.M.
name: Lucas, P.
name: Vincent, C.
name: Laraque, A.
name: Messiaen, C.M.
name: Lucas, P.
name: Vincent, C.
name: Laraque, A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: From 1970 to 88 breeding programs for Phaseolus vulgarisant Phaseolus lunatus beans were followed at the INRA Antilles-Guyane, with some breeding generations grown in France or in Haïti. They may be considered as original by the use of haitian germplasm and some european varieties as a source of genes. Progenitors from U.S.A., Hawaii were used too. Among the programs which can be considered as achieved or close to their end we can quote the following number : 1 Red-mottled beans, dwarf plants tolerant to powdery mildew and other leaf diseases, for use in Haïti under moderate fertilization (0.30.30) ; 2. Black beans, semi indeterminate plants ; tolerant to powdery mildew and other leaf diseases, for use in Haïti ; 4. Black or dark red-striped bright red beans, with bright red pods, dwarf plants for the use as fresh-shelled beans in F.W.I. ; 5. Snap beans, climbing plants, resistant either ot Meloiogyne incognita or to powdery mildew (for familial gardens - breeding lines in course of homogeneization), for use in f.W.I. ; 8. Double purpose beans, producing either snap beans, or red fresh-shelled beans, for familial gardens in f.W.I., climbing plants (breeding lines in course of homogeneization) ; Phaseolus lunatus climbing lima-beans, resistant to Meioidogyne incognita, able to yield 6 months. ----- De 1970 à 1988 des programmes de croisements concernant Phaseolus vulgaris et Phaseolus lunatus ont été conduits au Centre I.N.R.A. Antilles- Guyane, avec suivi des descendances en France et en Haïti. Ces programmes peuvent être considérés comme originaux du fait qu'ils ont utilisé comme source de variabilité du matériel haïtien et des variétés européennes. Des parents originaires des U.S.A. et d'Hawaï furent également utilisés. Parmi les programmes qui peuvent être considérés comme terminés ou sur le point de l'être on peut citer les programmes suivants : 1. Haricots nains à grains rouges panachés, tolérants à l'oïdium et aux autres maladies foliaires, destinés à Haïti pour une culture sous faible fertilisation (0-30-30) ; 2. Haricots semi déterminés à grains noirs, tolérants à l'oïdium et aux autres maladies foliaires destinés à Haïti ; 4. Haricots nains à grains noirs, rayés rouge, rouge profond, avec des gousses à écosser frais pour les Antilles Françaises ; 5. Haricots mange-tout grimpants, résistants soit à Meloidogyne incognita soit l'oïdium (pour les jardins familiaux, lignées en cours de fixation), destinées aux Antilles Françaises ; 8. Haricots grimpants à double fin, soit mange-tout soit à écosser en frais à grains rouges, pour les jardins familiaux des Antilles Françaises. (Lignées en cours de fixation). Phaseolus lunatus- Poids savon grimpants, résistants à Meloidogyne incognita, capables de produire pendant 6 mois.
Period-luminosity relations for Galactic Cepheid variables with independent distance measurements
Creators: name: Ngeow, Chow-Choong
name: Kanbur, Shashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we derive the period-luminosity (PL) relation for Galactic Cepheids with recent independent distance measurements from open cluster, Barnes-Evans surface brightness, interferometry and HST astrometry techniques. Our PL relation confirms the results of Tammann et al. (2003), which showed that the Galactic Cepheids follow a different PL relation to their LMC counterparts. Our results also show that the slope of the Galactic PL relation is inconsistent with the LMC slope with more than 95% confidence level. We apply this Galactic PL relation to find the distance to NGC 4258. Our result of mu_o=29.49\pm0.06(random error)mag. agrees at the ~1.4sigma level with the geometrical distance of μ_{geo}=29.28\pm0.15mag. from water maser measurements..
description: 7 pages, 4 tables, 1 figure. MNRAS in-press, correct typesetting error in Table 3
Iranian women's lived experience of religious business (تجربه زیستی زنان مذهبی در ایران)
Creators: name: Hamedanian, Fatemeh
name: Bahar, Mehri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Gender studies
subject: 200205 Culture, Gender, Sexuality
subject: FOS: Other humanities

description: This paper has published in the Journal of Cultural Studies and Communication, Special Issue of Kashan University, Fall 2013, Tehran, Iran
The gravitational energy-momentum flux
Creators: name: Maluf, J. W.
name: Faria, F. F.
name: Castello-Branco, K. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a continuity equation for the gravitational energy-momentum, which is obtained in the framework of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity. From this equation it follows a general definition for the gravitational energy-momentum flux. This definition is investigated in the context of plane waves and of cylindrical Einstein-Rosen waves. We obtain the well known value for the energy flux of plane gravitational waves, and conclude that the latter exhibit features similar to plane electromagnetic waves.
description: 20 pages, latex file, no figures, two references added, accepted for publication in Class. Quantum Gravity
Exact diagonalization study of the anisotropic Heisenberg model related to YbMgGaO$_4$
Creators: name: Wu, Muwei
name: Yao, Dao-Xin
name: Wu, Han-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Employing exact diagonalization, we systematically study the anisotropic Heisenberg model which is related to rare-earth triangular-lattice materials. We probe its full 3D phase diagram afresh and identify a large region of quantum spin liquid (QSL) phase which can extend to the QSL region of the $J_1$--$J_2$ triangular Heisenberg model. Furthermore, we explore the magnetization curves of different phases and reproduce the 1/3-magnetization plateau in the quantum spin liquid phase region. More importantly, to study the possible chemical disorders in real materials, we consider the randomness of exchange interactions and find no spin glass order. And there is a large region of random-singlet phase which contains strongly random spin networks, dominated by two-spin singlets, four-spin singlets and other singlet domains. Our comprehensive ED study can give detailed insightful understanding of the microscopic Hamiltonian related to the YbMgGaO$_4$ and some other related rare-earth triangular-lattice materials.
description: 17 pages, 30 figures
Pauesia arcuata Stary and Raychaudhuri
Creators: name: Akhtar, Mir Samim
name: Dey, Debjani
name: Usmani, Mohd. Kamil
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Pauesia
Pauesia arcuata

description: 89. Pauesia arcuata Stary and Raychaudhuri
 Pauesia (Paraphidius) arcuata Stary and Raychaudhuri, 1982: 297-304.
 Host. Cinara abieticola tenuipes Chakrabarti and Ghosh on Pinus sp. (Stary and Raychaudhuri 1982).
 Distribution. Himachal Pradesh (Stary and Raychaudhuri 1982).
description: Published as part of Akhtar, Mir Samim, Dey, Debjani & Usmani, Mohd. Kamil, 2011, A catalogue of aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) from India, pp. 1-31 in Insecta Mundi 2011 (151) on page 17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4531563
Combinatorial Hopf algebras and generalized Dehn-Sommerville relations
Creators: name: Aguiar, Marcelo
name: Bergeron, Nantel
name: Sottile, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A15, 05E05, 06A11, 16W30, 16W50

description: A combinatorial Hopf algebra is a graded connected Hopf algebra over a field $F$ equipped with a character (multiplicative linear functional) $ζ:H\to F$. We show that the terminal object in the category of combinatorial Hopf algebras is the algebra $QSym$ of quasi-symmetric functions; this explains the ubiquity of quasi-symmetric functions as generating functions in combinatorics. We illustrate this with several examples. We prove that every character decomposes uniquely as a product of an even character and an odd character. Correspondingly, every combinatorial Hopf algebra $(H,ζ)$ possesses two canonical Hopf subalgebras on which the character $ζ$ is even (respectively, odd). The odd subalgebra is defined by certain canonical relations which we call the generalized Dehn-Sommerville relations. We show that, for $H=QSym$, the generalized Dehn-Sommerville relations are the Bayer-Billera relations and the odd subalgebra is the peak Hopf algebra of Stembridge. We prove that $QSym$ is the product (in the categorical sense) of its even and odd Hopf subalgebras. We also calculate the odd subalgebras of various related combinatorial Hopf algebras: the Malvenuto-Reutenauer Hopf algebra of permutations, the Loday-Ronco Hopf algebra of planar binary trees, the Hopf algebras of symmetric functions and of non-commutative symmetric functions.
description: 34 pages
The effect of selected bacteria on the virulence of Metarhizium novozealandicum C14 to Costelytra giveni larvae (Scarabaeidae)
Creators: name: Nguyen, Nghia T.
name: Narciso, Josefina O.
name: Alizadeh, Hossein
name: Hurst, Mark R.H.
name: Hampton, John G.
name: Brookes, Jenny J.
name: Glare, Travis R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: The ability of disease-causing bacteria to synergise infection by the entomopathogen Metarhizium of larvae of Costelytra giveni, a New Zealand native scarab, has been previously demonstrated, but the role of soil bacteria in infections is unknown. Bacteria isolated from both dead C. giveni larvae and soil were assessed for their effect on the virulence of Metarhizium novozealandicum C14 towards C. giveni larvae. Seven bacterial isolates showed synergism with M. novozealandicum C14 against second instar larvae, but no synergism was found against third instar larvae. No apparent disease was noted with C. giveni larvae independently challenged with the bacteria isolates. An isolate of Yersinia enterocolitica (isolate 6-1) in combination with M. novozealandicum C14 caused higher larval mortality than the other bacterial isolate-entomopathogen combinations against second instar larvae. Using plate assays, Y. enterocolitica 6-1 was found to produce more chitinase, but not protease, compared with the other bacterial strains suggesting a role of chitinase in synergism. This study suggests that the combination of Y. enterocolitica (isolate 6-1) and M. novozealandicum C14 could provide effective biocontrol of second instar grass grub larvae.
RESISTANCE AND SCOUTING IN THE CONTROL OF YAM ANTHRACNOSE OF THE WINGED YAM (Dioscorea a fata )
VARIETES RESISTANTES ET PRE-EVALUATION DE LA MALADIE DANS LA LUTTE CONTRE L'ANTHRACNOSE DED.ALATA
Creators: name: Hepperly, Paul
name: Vazquez, Francisco
name: Hepperly, Paul
name: Vazquez, Francisco
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ) is a major obstacle to economic production of winged yams (D. alata ) in the Caribbean. We evaluated varietal resistance and disease scouting combined with fungicide for control of anthracnose. On Gunung, a high yielding introduction anthracnose severity never exceeded 15 % necrotic foliage and economic losses were not observed. Kinabayo and Kabusah were more anthracnose susceptible than Gunung but did not suffer economic losses. Binugas, a high yielding cultivar, has never shown over 25 % anthracnose losses detected once in 4 years. Florido, Forastero, and Leon Globe were always damaged with over 25 % yam anthracnose necrosis. Purmay, Gemelos, and Moresby were intermediately susceptible and usually showed yield and quality losses. Chemical control of anthracnose by preventive sprays required monthly applications (6 or more) during the rainy season. During 1986-87 and 1987-88, we tested the application of fungicide (benomyl + mancozeb) only when a 5 % increase in anthracnose over any month was found in susceptible varieties : no sprays were applied in 1987-88 in Mayaguez, and Isabela, and 3 sprays were applied in Isabella in 1986-87. Susceptible cultivars generally showed 15 % or more increase in tuber yield with fungicide protection. ----- L'Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ) est un obstacle majeur à la production économique de l'igname ailée (D. alata ) dans la Caraïbe. Nous avons évalué la résistance variétale et l'évolution de la maladie associée à un fongicide dans la lutte contre l'anthracnose. Sur GUNNUNG, une introduction à haut rendement, l'attaque d'anthracnose ne dépasse jamais 15 % en nécrose du feuillage et il n'y a pas de réduction du rendement commercial. Kinabayo et Kabusah étaient plus sensibles mais ne présentaient pas de réduction de rendement commercial. BINUGAS, un cultivar à haut rendement, n'a jamais dépassé 25 % de nécrose due à l'anthracnose. PURMAN, GEMELOS et MORESBY de sensibilité intermédiaire éprouvaient généralement une perte de rendement et qualité. La lutte chimique contre l'anthracnose par pulvérisation préventive nécessite des traitements mensuels (6 ou davantage) pendant la saison des pluies. En 86-87 et 87- 88 nous avons testé l'application de bénomyl + mancozeb seulement quand on observait d'un mois au suivant un accroissement de 5 % de l'anthracnose chez les variétés sensibles : aucun traitement ne fut nécessaire à Mayaguez en 1986-87, deux le furent en 87-88 à Mayaguez et Isabela, et 3 furent faits à Isabela en 86-87. Les cultivars sensibles montrent généralement un accroissement de rendement de 15 % avec le traitement fongicide.
Additional file 2 of HIV-1 integrase resistance associated mutations and the use of dolutegravir in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Creators: name: Semengue, Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni
name: Santoro, Maria Mercedes
name: Valantine Ngum Ndze
name: Dambaya, Beatrice
name: Desiré Takou
name: Teto, Georges
name: Nka, Alex Durand
name: Fabeni, Lavinia
name: Wiyeh, Alison
name: Ceccherini-Silberstein, Francesca
name: Colizzi, Vittorio
name: Carlo-Federico Perno
name: Fokam, Joseph
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2. Search Strategy.
Additional file 3 of Integrating public preferences into national reimbursement decisions: a descriptive comparison of approaches in Belgium and New Zealand
Creators: name: Leopold, Christine
name: Lu, Christine Y.
name: Wagner, Anita K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. New Zealand’s considered factors for drug coverage after re-evaluating the coverage process by involving public. Source: https://www.pharmac.govt.nz/medicines/how-medicines-are-funded/factors-for-consideration/supporting-information/.
title: Feasibility Study of Oyster Shell Filtration Media for Stormwater Pollutants Removal
Creators: name: Omer, Sadiq
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: The depletion of resources has raised interest in reusing or incorporating by-products into alternative materials. In the effort for net zero emissions, waste reduction, and a circular economy, it is crucial to reinvent the alternative utilization strategy for by-products as construction materials sustainably. This research examines the alternative utilization strategy for oyster shell by-products in regular stormwater pollutant removal best management practices (BMPs).

Numerous research has examined the utilization of oyster shell waste as a construction material in Asia and Europe, specifically focusing on the physical properties of crushed oyster shells as alternatives for aggregates. No studies have been identified in the Americas. This study seeks to pioneer research globally on the performance of waste oyster shells as a filtration medium for capturing significant pollutants in stormwater runoff and to take initiative in the United States through studying on oyster shells as a construction material. It will assess the capacity of waste oyster shells to capture key pollutants in stormwater runoff, including Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Nitrogen, and Total Dissolved Phosphorus. The study investigated the pollutant removal efficacy of waste oyster shells in different size distributions and in both calcined and uncalcined forms. This study determined that waste oyster shells are significantly more effective at capturing nearly 100% of Total Suspended Solids (TSS), with the median Total Dissolved Nitrogen (TDN) removal rate for four variations of waste oyster shell filtration media ranging from 50% to 62%, and with the average TDP removal rate across all oyster shell variants ranging from 36.39% to 42.7%. This outcome indicates that waste oyster shells serve as a suitable material to be used in the filtration medium, regardless of whether they are calcined or non-calcined, and crushed or non-crushed. This study highlights innovative approaches that redefine oyster shells from an environmental and economic burden into a resource that mitigates these issues by replacing conventional materials that are costly to both the environment and economy.
Photopolarimetric observations of the new eclipsing polar CTCV J1928-5001
Creators: name: Potter, Stephen B.
name: Augusteijn, Thomas
name: Tappert, Claus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report photopolarimetric observations of a new eclipsing polar (AM Herculis system) discovered in the Calan-Tololo survey. The photometry and polarimetry are modulated on a period of ~101 minutes. Circular polarization variations are seen from ~-8 to +12 per cent and from ~0 to ~5 per cent in the red and blue parts of the optical spectrum, respectively. Two linearly polarized pulses are detected at orbital phases coinciding with the reversals in the circular polarization. This is consistent with a magnetic field strength of ~20 MG for the white dwarf primary, where accretion takes place at two regions. Both accretion regions are self-occulted by the white dwarf during parts of the orbit. We estimate some of the system's parameters from its eclipses, which we further refine by modelling the polarimetric observations.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted to MNRAS
การพัฒนาสมรรถนะด้านการวิจัยของบุคลากรสายวิชาการ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏ ผ่านระบบสารสนเทศการเรียนรู้
Creators: name: ธนพร ไชยมงคล
name: วุฒิพล สกลเกียรติ
name: วรรณวิภา จัตุชัย
name: สาธิษฐ์ นากกระแสร์
Publisher: name: สมาคมปรัชญาดุษฎีบัณฑิตทางสังคมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยรามคำแหง
Year: 2564
Subjects: บุคลากรสายวิชาการ
สมรรถนะด้านการวิจัย
ระบบสารสนเทศการเรียนรู้
Academic Staff
Research Competencies
Learning Information Systems

description: วารสารดุษฎีบัณฑิตทางสังคมศาสตร์, 11, 3, 721-733
Probing the ionic defect landscape in halide perovskite solar cells
Creators: name: Reichert, Sebastian
name: An, Qingzhi
name: Woo, Young-Won
name: Walsh, Aron
name: Vaynzof, Yana
name: Deibel, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Point defects in metal halide perovskites play a critical role in determining their properties and optoelectronic performance; however, many open questions remain unanswered. In this work, we apply impedance spectroscopy and deep-level transient spectroscopy to characterize the ionic defect landscape in methylammonium lead triiodide ($MAPbI_3$) perovskites in which defects were purposely introduced by fractionally changing the precursor stoichiometry. Our results highlight the profound influence of defects on the electronic landscape, exemplified by their impact on the device built-in potential, and consequently, the open-circuit voltage. Even low ion densities can have an impact on the electronic landscape when both cations and anions are considered as mobile. Moreover, we find that all measured ionic defects fulfil the Meyer--Neldel rule with a characteristic energy connected to the underlying ion hopping process. These findings support a general categorization of defects in halide perovskite compounds.
EXPERIMENTAL TAXONOMY. CROSS BREEDING EXPERIMENTS : COMPATIBILITY, POLLEN FERTILITY, AND GERMINATION PERCENTAGES OF INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS, F1, F2& F3 IN THE GENUS Pachyrhizus Rich, ex DC. (Fabaceae ; Phaseoiae )
TAXONOMIE EXPERIMENTALE. EXPERIMENTATION DE CROISEMENTS DE SELECTION : COMPATIBILITE, FERTILITE DU POLLEN, ET POURCENTAGE DE GERMINATION D'HYBRIDES INTERSPECIFIQUES F1, F2 et F3 DANS LE GENRE PACHYRHIZUS RICH.(Fabaceae, Phaseoleae)
Creators: name: Sorensen, Marten
name: Sorensen, Marten
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: A comparative study of the interfertility ofthe three cultivated species in the genus Pachyrhizus Rich, ex DC. (P. erosus, incl. wild forms, P. tuberosus, and P. ahipa) is presented ; the considerable compatibility is demonstrated based in cytological studies, cross breeding experiments, and examinations of pollen fertility in the parental species and F1 F2 and F3 hybrids. Differences in compatibility between reciprocal crosses are demonstrated, but the pollen fertility of hybrids is only slighty reduced. Furthermore, seed yields and germination percentages of parent species and hybrids have been examined. The seed yield of the hybrids have been found to be considerably higher than that of the species, and the germination percentages ofthe hybrid seed have been found not to be reduced, with one exception : P. tuberosus χ P. ahipa. The possibility of creating new cultivars adapted for specific climatic conditions through interspecific breeding is indicated. Finally, all species and hybrids have been studied cytologically. ----- Une étude comparative de l'interfertilité des trois espèces cultivées du genre Pachyrhizus Rich, ex DC (P. erosus, espèces sauvages incluses, P. tuberosum, et P. ahipa) est présentée. Leur compatibilité considérable est démontrée à partir d'études cytoiogiques, d'expérimentation de croisements, et d'examen de la fertilité du pollen chez les espèces parentales, les hybrides FI, F2 et F3. Des différences de compatibilité entre espèces parents sont établies, mais la fertilité pollinique des hybrides est seulement très légèrement réduite. De plus, on a examiné ie rendement en grain et les taux de germination des espèces parentales et des hybrides. Le rendement en grain des hybrides a été trouvé considérablement supérieur à celui des espèces, et le taux de germination des grains d'hybrides n'a pas été réduit sauf avec P. tuberosus χ P. ahipa. La possibilité de créer de nouveaux cultivars adaptés à des conditions de climat, spécifiques à travers de sélection interspécifiques est indiquée. Enfin, toutes les espèces et hybrides ont été étudiées cytologiquement.
Additional file 3 of HIV-1 integrase resistance associated mutations and the use of dolutegravir in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Creators: name: Semengue, Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni
name: Santoro, Maria Mercedes
name: Valantine Ngum Ndze
name: Dambaya, Beatrice
name: Desiré Takou
name: Teto, Georges
name: Nka, Alex Durand
name: Fabeni, Lavinia
name: Wiyeh, Alison
name: Ceccherini-Silberstein, Francesca
name: Colizzi, Vittorio
name: Carlo-Federico Perno
name: Fokam, Joseph
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 3. Assessing the quality of evidences and the strength of recommendations.
Exploring nuclear exotica at the limits
Creators: name: Afanasjev, A. V.
name: Agbemava, S. E.
name: Taninah, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of nuclear limits has been performed and new physical mechanisms and exotic shapes allowing the extension of nuclear landscape beyond the commonly accepted boundaries have been established. The transition from ellipsoidal to toroidal shapes plays a critical role in potential extension of nuclear landscape to hyperheavy nuclei. Rotational excitations leading to the birth of particle (proton or neutron) bound rotational bands provide a mechanism for an extension of nuclear landscape beyond spin zero proton and neutron drip lines.
description: invited talk presented at XXVI Nuclear Physics Workshop 2019 "Key problems of Nuclear Physics", 24-29 September 2019, Kazimierz Dolny, Poland, Acta Physica Polonica B, in press
The smooth Whitehead spectrum of a point at odd regular primes
Creators: name: Rognes, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 19D10, 19F27, 55P42, 55Q52, 57R50, 57R80

description: Let p be an odd regular prime, and assume that the Lichtenbaum-Quillen conjecture holds for K(Z[1/p]) at p. Then the p-primary homotopy type of the smooth Whitehead spectrum Wh(*) is described. A suspended copy of the cokernel-of-J spectrum splits off, and the torsion homotopy of the remainder equals the torsion homotopy of the fiber of the restricted S^1-transfer map t: SigmaCP^infty--> S. The homotopy groups of Wh(*) are determined in a range of degrees, and the cohomology of Wh(*) is expressed as an A-module in all degrees, up to an extension. These results have geometric topological interpretations, in terms of spaces of concordances or diffeomorphisms of highly connected, high dimensional compact smooth manifolds.
description: Published by Geometry and Topology at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/gt/GTVol7/paper4.abs.html
Assessing Impacts Of Activating The Technological Emission Mitigation Potential Of EU Agriculture
Creators: name: Fellmann, Thomas
name: Witzke, Heinz Peter
name: Weiss, Franz
name: Perez Dominguez, Ignacio
name: Barreiro-Hurle, Jesus
name: Himics, Mihaly
name: Salputra, Guna
name: Jansson, Torbjörn
name: Fellmann, Thomas
name: Witzke, Heinz Peter
name: Weiss, Franz
name: Perez Dominguez, Ignacio
name: Barreiro-Hurle, Jesus
name: Himics, Mihaly
name: Salputra, Guna
name: Jansson, Torbjörn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: EU agriculture
subject: emissions
subject: mitigation
subject: technologies

description: We present a further developed CAPRI modelling approach for technological (i.e. technical and management-based) greenhouse gas emission mitigation options. The model is employed to assess the potential of mitigation technologies in EU agriculture by 2030, and how their application could impact agricultural market and emission developments. Scenario results show that without incentives the uptake of the considered technologies is very limited. Setting a 15% emission reduction obligation for EU agriculture is an incentive that triggers technology adoption. Once technology uptake is subsidised, their share in mitigation increases substantially, which considerably decreases any adverse effects on EU production and emission leakage. The results underline the importance of activating and supporting the uptake of mitigation technologies in order to effectively increase agriculture's contribution to emission mitigation in the EU
Pauesia gulmargensis Bhagat 1981
Creators: name: Akhtar, Mir Samim
name: Dey, Debjani
name: Usmani, Mohd. Kamil
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Pauesia
Pauesia gulmargensis

description: 90. Pauesia gulmargensis Bhagat
 Pauesia (Paraphidius) gulmargensis Bhagat, 1981b: 197-199.
 Host. Cinara sp. on Abies pindrow (Bhagat 1981b).
 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir (Bhagat 1981b).
description: Published as part of Akhtar, Mir Samim, Dey, Debjani & Usmani, Mohd. Kamil, 2011, A catalogue of aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) from India, pp. 1-31 in Insecta Mundi 2011 (151) on page 17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4531563
Holographic Fermi surfaces in charge density wave from D2-D8
Creators: name: Mukhopadhyay, Subir
name: Rai, Nishal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: D2-D8 model admits a numerical solution that corresponds to a charge density wave and a spin density wave. Considering that as the background, we numerically solve the Dirac equation for probe fermions. From the solution, we obtain the Green's function and study the behaviour of the spectral density. We begin with generic fermions and have studied the formation of the Fermi surface and where it develops a gap. In addition, we have incorporated an ionic lattice and study its effect on the Fermi surface. Then we analysed the worldvolume fermions. In this particular model we do not find Fermi surface for the dual operators.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures, LaTeX; One section added
Life Cycle Consumption Of Food At Home: Facts From French Purchase Data
Creators: name: Kyureghian, Gayaneh
name: Soler, Louis-Georges
name: Kyureghian, Gayaneh
name: Soler, Louis-Georges
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Aging
subject: Life cycle consumption
subject: Home production function
subject: Food Demand

description: Over the next few decades, the share of the elderly population in France will increase steadily. There is concern that aging households cannot maintain the pre-retirement level of consumption. Although there is empirical evidence that the expenditure on non-durables decreases as households age, there does not seem to be any evidence whether the quantity, consumed decreases in France. Our results indicate that although food prices and expenditures decline, the home food consumption does not. In fact it increases in all age groups after the late forties.
ยุทธศาสตร์ความร่วมมือด้านการท่องเที่ยวระหว่างจังหวัดเชียงรายประเทศไทย และแขวงบ่อแก้วสาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยประชาชนลาว (สปป.ลาว) เพื่อการท่องเที่ยวที่ยั่งยืน
Creators: name: ปิ่นอนงค์ ชัยแก้ว
name: ปิยะนุช เงินคล้าย
name: สุรชัย ศิริไกร
name: ธัญญาทิพย์ ศรีพนา
Publisher: name: สมาคมปรัชญาดุษฎีบัณฑิตทางสังคมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยรามคำแหง
Year: 2564
Subjects: ยุทธศาสตร์ความร่วมมือด้านการท่องเที่ยว
การท่องเที่ยวในภูมิภาค
การท่องเที่ยวชายแดน
Tourism Cooperative Strategies
Regional Tourism
Border Travel

description: วารสารดุษฎีบัณฑิตทางสังคมศาสตร์, 11, 3, 734-745
Bose-Einstein Correlations of Charged Pion Pairs in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200_ GeV
Creators: name: PHENIX Collaboration
name: Adler, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bose-Einstein correlations of identically charged pion pairs were measured by the PHENIX experiment at mid-rapidity in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 200 GeV. The Bertsch-Pratt radius parameters were determined as a function of the transverse momentum of the pair and as a function of the centrality of the collision. Using the \it{full} Coulomb correction, the ratio $R_{\rm out}/R_{\rm side}$ is smaller than unity for $$ from 0.25 to 1.2 GeV/c and for all measured centralities. However, using recently developed partial Coulomb correction methods, we find that $R_{\rm out}/R_{\rm side}$ is 0.8-1.1 for the measured $$ range, and approximately constant at unity with the number of participants.
description: 326 authors, 6 pages text, 3 figures, RevTeX 4. Submitted to PRL. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html
Count Almaviva in Le Nozze di Figaro
Creators: name: Jameson, Andrew Mackenzie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Preparing an operatic role is a very extensive process for a student singer. Problems that confront a young singer when challenged with a new role are numerous. Aside from having to prepare vocally for the role there are many other aspects of the preparation process that are equally as difficult. The role which I prepared was the Count Almaviva in Le Nozze di Figaro by W.A. Mozart. Due to the fact that I was to perform the opera in Italian I completed a word by word translation of the entire opera. I also had to learn how to correctly pronounce each word that I sang so that the audience would understand what I said. I spent countless hours working on vocal production and an equal amount in rehearsal while learning how to perform this highly specialized form of music. In conclusion to the performances I found that I had a far greater ability to perform Mozart's music while possessing a solid understanding of the Italian language.
title: Η πόλη πάνω στη νεκρόπολη: Η  νεκρόπολη της αρχαίας Κυδωνίας στη χωρική εγγραφή της σύγχρονης πόλης των Χανίων

title: The city upon the cemetery: The necropolis of ancient Kydonia at the urban scheme of Chania town
Creators: name: Πρωτοπαπαδακη Ευτυχια
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2021

description: Θέμα της παρούσας εργασίας αποτελεί η αναζήτηση της χωρικής εγγραφής του αρχαίου νεκροταφείου στον ιστό της σύγχρονης πόλης των Χανίων. Για τις ανάγκες του συγκεκριμένου εγχειρήματος απαιτείται  το θεωρητικό πλαίσιο οριοθέτησης του θέματος. Η πόλη, η μνήμη, η ιστορία και η αρχαιολογία και ο «πολιτικός» λόγος της τελευταίας, αποτελούν τις εναρκτήριες έννοιες  πλαισίωσης. Εν συνεχεία οι  «άλλοι» τόποι, όπως αυτοί παρουσιάζονται στη σκέψη του στοχαστή Μ. Foucault, το ανοίκειο της ψυχαναλυτικής ανάλυσης του S. Freud και τέλος ο θάνατος στη προσέγγιση του ιστορικού F. Ariès αποτελούν την συνειδητά νεωτερική ματιά προσέγγισης των ταφικών κατασκευών.
Επειδή ωστόσο ο θάνατος είναι αλληλένδετος  με τη ζωή τόσο φιλοσοφικά, όσο και χωρικά, αναζητάται η βιογραφία της πόλης, το αποτύπωμα της ζωής και του θανάτου στον χώρο και τον χρόνο,  μέσα από  την αρχαιολογική μαρτυρία των υλικών καταλοίπων  και τη σημειακή τοποθέτησή τους στον χάρτη.
Τέλος, παρουσιάζονται τμήματα του αρχαίου νεκροταφείου ή μεμονωμένοι τάφοι που διατηρούνται στην σύγχρονη πόλη. Προτείνεται η  ανάσυρση από τη λήθη των ανοίκειων αυτών μνημείων του θανάτου και η απόδοση τους στο παρόν της πόλης. Ως ένα διακριτό και νοηματοδοτημένο σύνολο στοχεύει στην ενδυνάμωση της πολιτιστικής και συλλογικής μνήμης του τόπου και συνάμα στη διαμόρφωση μιας κοινωνίας που αντιμετωπίζει τις ετεροτοπίες όχι ως χώρους φυγής, απόδρασης από την πραγματικότητα άλλα ως χώρους επιστροφής στη γνώση, μιας κοινωνίας πιο ώριμης που προσδοκά εν τέλει την ενδυνάμωση της υπαρξιακής άλλα και συλλογικής ταυτότητας για το παρόν και το μέλλον της.
การสื่อสารความเชื่อเพื่อการดำรงอยู่ของศิลปะการแสดงพื้นบ้าน ละครชาตรีเท่งตุ๊ก จังหวัดจันทบุรี
Creators: name: รัจน์ชีวาต์ ตั๋นติกุลวรา
name: โยธิน แสวงดี
name: สุกัญญา บูรณเดชาชัย
Publisher: name: สมาคมปรัชญาดุษฎีบัณฑิตทางสังคมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยรามคำแหง
Year: 2564
Subjects: การสื่อสารความเชื่อ
การดำรงอยู่
ละครชาตรีเท่งตุ๊ก
Belief Communication
Existence
Chatri-Tengtook Drama

description: วารสารดุษฎีบัณฑิตทางสังคมศาสตร์, 11, 3, 746-759
Pauesia hazratbalensis Bhagat 1981
Creators: name: Akhtar, Mir Samim
name: Dey, Debjani
name: Usmani, Mohd. Kamil
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Pauesia
Pauesia hazratbalensis

description: 91. Pauesia hazratbalensis Bhagat
 Pauesia (Kashmirpauesia) azratbalensis Bhagat, 1981b: 197-199.
 Host. Lochnus sp. on Biota orientalis (Bhagat 1981b).
 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir (Bhagat 1981b).
description: Published as part of Akhtar, Mir Samim, Dey, Debjani & Usmani, Mohd. Kamil, 2011, A catalogue of aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) from India, pp. 1-31 in Insecta Mundi 2011 (151) on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4531563
Additional file 2 of Integrating public preferences into national reimbursement decisions: a descriptive comparison of approaches in Belgium and New Zealand
Creators: name: Leopold, Christine
name: Lu, Christine Y.
name: Wagner, Anita K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Belgium’s unmet medical needs program. Source [37].
Open orbits and the semiclassical dwell time
Creators: name: Lewenkopf, Caio H.
name: Vallejos, Raul O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Wigner delay time is addressed semiclassically using the Miller's S-matrix expressed in terms of open orbits. This leads to a very appealing expression, in terms of classical paths, for the energy averaged Wigner time delay in chaotic scattering. The same approach also puts in evidence the semiclassical incapability to correctly assess the time delay higher moments. This limitation suggests that the use of the semiclassical approximation to quantify fluctuations in scattering phenomena, like in mesoscopic physics, has to be considered with great caution.
description: 7 pages, no figures
สมรรถนะชาวนาไทยที่ประสบความสำเร็จในการประกอบอาชีพการทำนา
Creators: name: ภิญญาพร โชชัญยะ
name: นุจรี ภาคาสัตย์
Publisher: name: สมาคมปรัชญาดุษฎีบัณฑิตทางสังคมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยรามคำแหง
Year: 2564
Subjects: สมรรถนะชาวนาไทย
ความสำเร็จในการประกอบอาชีพทำนา
ปราชญ์ชาวนา
Competency of Thai Farmers
Successful Thai Farmers
Peasant Sage

description: วารสารดุษฎีบัณฑิตทางสังคมศาสตร์, 11, 3, 760-774
A Deep Exposure in High Resolution X-Rays Reveals the Hottest Plasma in the $ζ\,$Puppis Wind
Creators: name: Huenemoerder, David P.
name: Ignace, Richard
name: Miller, Nathan A.
name: Gayley, Kenneth G.
name: Hamann, Wolf-Rainer
name: Lauer, Jennifer
name: Moffat, Anthony F. J.
name: Nazé, Yaël
name: Nichols, Joy S.
name: Oskinova, Lidia
name: Richardson, Noel D.
name: Waldron, Wayne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained a very deep exposure (813 ks) of $ζ\,$Puppis (O4 supergiant) with the Chandra/HETG Spectrometer. Here we report on analysis of the 1-9 Å region, especially well suited for Chandra, which has a significant contribution from continuum emission between well separated emission lines from high-ionization species. These data allow us to study the hottest plasma present through the continuum shape and emission line strengths. Assuming a powerlaw emission measure distribution which has a high-temperature cut-off, we find that the emission is consistent with a thermal spectrum having a maximum temperature of 12 MK. This implies an effective wind shock velocity of $900\,\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}}$, well below the wind terminal speed of $2250\,\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}}$. For X-ray emission which forms close to the star, the speed and X-ray flux are larger than can be easily reconciled with strictly self-excited line-deshadowing-instability models, suggesting a need for a fraction of the wind to be accelerated extremely rapidly right from the base. This is not so much a dynamical instability as a nonlinear response to changing boundary conditions.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
ปัจจัยขับเคลื่อนส่วนประสมการตลาดและการบริหารลูกค้าสัมพันธ์ที่ส่งผลต่อผลการดำเนินงานของธุรกิจป้ายโฆษณากลางแจ้งในประเทศไทย
Creators: name: กฤษดา จันทร์ดี
name: นรพล จินันท์เดช
name: ณัฐสพันธ์ เผ่าพันธ์
name: ธันยมัย เจียรกุล
Publisher: name: สมาคมปรัชญาดุษฎีบัณฑิตทางสังคมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยรามคำแหง
Year: 2564
Subjects: ปัจจัยขับเคลื่อน
ส่วนประสมการตลาด
การบริหารลูกค้าสัมพันธ์
ธุรกิจป้ายโฆษณากลางแจ้ง
Factors Driving
Marketing Mix
Customer Relationship Management
Outdoor Billboard Business

description: วารสารดุษฎีบัณฑิตทางสังคมศาสตร์, 11, 3, 775-788
Pauesia himalayensis Bhagat 1981
Creators: name: Akhtar, Mir Samim
name: Dey, Debjani
name: Usmani, Mohd. Kamil
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Pauesia
Pauesia himalayensis

description: 92. Pauesia himalayensis Bhagat
 Pauesia (Paraphidius) himalayensis Bhagat, 1981b: 197-199.
 Host. Lachnus tropicalis on Pinus excelsa (Bhagat 1981b).
 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir (Bhagat 1981b).
description: Published as part of Akhtar, Mir Samim, Dey, Debjani & Usmani, Mohd. Kamil, 2011, A catalogue of aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) from India, pp. 1-31 in Insecta Mundi 2011 (151) on page 18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4531563
ความสำเร็จที่ยั่งยืนของอุตสาหกรรมแปรรูปอาหารทะเลในประเทศไทย
Creators: name: ฐิตาภา ณ ระนอง
name: ปิยะฉัตร จารุธีรศานต์
name: ชนงกรณ์ กุณฑลบุตร
Publisher: name: สมาคมปรัชญาดุษฎีบัณฑิตทางสังคมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยรามคำแหง
Year: 2564
Subjects: ความสำเร็จที่ยั่งยืน
อุตสาหกรรมแปรรูป
แปรรูปอาหารทะเล
Sustainable Success
Processing Industry
Seafood Processing

description: วารสารดุษฎีบัณฑิตทางสังคมศาสตร์, 11, 3, 789-803
The large-$N$ limit of the 4d $\mathcal{N}=1$ superconformal index
Creators: name: Cabo-Bizet, Alejandro
name: Cassani, Davide
name: Martelli, Dario
name: Murthy, Sameer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically analyze the large-$N$ limit of the superconformal index of $\mathcal{N}=1$ superconformal theories having a quiver description. The index of these theories is known in terms of unitary matrix integrals, which we calculate using the recently-developed technique of elliptic extension. This technique allows us to easily evaluate the integral as a sum over saddle points of an effective action in the limit where the rank of the gauge group is infinite. For a generic quiver theory under consideration, we find a special family of saddles whose effective action takes a universal form controlled by the anomaly coefficients of the theory. This family includes the known supersymmetric black hole solution in the holographically dual AdS$_5$ theories. We then analyze the index refined by turning on flavor chemical potentials. We show that, for a certain range of chemical potentials, the effective action again takes a universal cubic form that is controlled by the anomaly coefficients of the theory. Finally, we present a large class of solutions to the saddle-point equations which are labelled by group homomorphisms of finite abelian groups of order $N$ into the torus.
description: 58 pages; v2: minor changes, published version
title: Territory, Settlement, Household: A Project of Rural China
Creators: name: Cheng, Jingru
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2020

description: The thesis recognises the countryside as a specific social, cultural and political construct rather than as ancillary to the city. It challenges current strategies of rural regeneration in China, which heavily rely on models of urbanisation, as well as the prevailing mentality that views the countryside as not just economically but also culturally and intellectually under-developed. The key research question is thus: what does being rural mean socio-spatially? Structured by three main studies of the rural-urban relationship, the cross-scalar framework and research by design, the thesis explores ‘rurality’ as a spatial question at the levels of territory, settlement and household. In the studies, the case study method, fieldwork and drawing play essential roles. Based on the understanding of rurality as an elastic form of association in both social and spatial terms and across scales, the thesis advocates a shift in design thinking for the rural and proposes the integration of planning, urban design and architecture, in order to create one synthetic design discipline capable of facilitating an alternative multi-scalar rural regeneration model. The aim of this discipline is to create opportunities of change in the recognised and established field of power and is in this sense political. Furthermore, the thesis calls for integrating the spatial, social and cultural history and the transformations of rural China into a larger economic and political debate in order to transcend the conceptual limitations of the current rural discourse and to rethink rural development as a socio-cultural process. Given that a self-organised support system underpinned by associational relationships in rural society embodies a rooted cultural unity in China, the thesis argues that rurality, or an elastic form of association, transcends the simple divide between urban and rural development by providing a distinct form of living arrangement and social organisation. In this sense, rurality is ultimately about how people organise themselves and associate with others.