cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Controversies surrounding diet and breast cancer
Creators: name: Kohlmeier, Lenore
name: Mendez, Michelle
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: What we know about prevention of breast cancer is related to lifetime oestrogen exposure and exposures to specific oestrogens at vulnerable periods of life. This can be influenced by diet. The strongest indicator of a diet-related effect to date is the fairly consistent increase in breast cancer among women who are tall or obese (Hunter & Willett, 1993). The other dietary factors summarized in Table 1 are less strongly associated with breast-cancer risk in epidemiological studies. The relationship between fat and breast-cancer risk has been extensively studied but remains somewhat uncertain. Fat, as a contributor to energy intakes and energy imbalance, is probably a factor in the higher breast-cancer rates in Western countries. Beyond its role as an energy source, the evidence for an independent effect of dietary fat on breast-cancer risk is weak. More focused analyses of the role of individual fatty acids, and on lipid-related pesticide exposures, may reveal strong effects which are currently masked by the use of inadequate exposure measures, as well as by measurement error. Currently, there is substantial evidence of a weak relationship with alcohol consumption, even at frequencies of drinking of less than once daily. The evidence of a protective role for antioxidants is weaker for breast cancer than for other cancers. This might by expected in a cancer which is not strongly associated with cigarette smoking. Specific foods are being studied for other potentially-active ingredients which may be involved in hormone metabolism, but conclusive results for soyabean or cruciferous vegetables are not yet available. Studying these relationships will continue to be a challenge for researchers because of the difficulties in measuring dietary exposures, which is complicated by the uncertainty of the relevant time frame for exposure assessment. While substantial attention has been focused on studying diet in relation to incidence, the potential for diet to reduce recurrence of breast cancer is thoroughly under-studied. There is little reason to believe that the factors which influence the incidence of breast cancer, perhaps during childhood and puberty, are the same as those which affect recurrence in adulthood. In this area, the very limited evidence available suggests that study of biologically-active fatty acids is promising.
A categorical sl_2 action on some moduli spaces of sheaves
Creators: name: Addington, Nicolas
name: Takahashi, Ryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study certain sequences of moduli spaces of sheaves on K3 surfaces, building on work of Markman, Yoshioka, and Nakajima. We show that these sequences can be given the structure of a geometric categorical sl_2 action in the sense of Cautis, Kamnitzer, and Licata. As a corollary, we get an equivalence between derived categories of some moduli spaces that are birational via stratified Mukai flops.
description: 52 pages. v3: reorganized section 9 a little. final version to appear in Trans Amer Math Soc
Micronutrients and host resistance to viral infection
Creators: name: Beck, Melinda A.
name: Matthews, Colette C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that a virus could undergo rapid mutation in a host deficient in Se, leading to a normally avirulent virus acquiring virulence due to genome changes. Once these mutations occur, even a host with adequate Se-nutriture is susceptible to the newly virulent virus. What influence does the deficiency in Se have on the immune response of the host? Infection with myocarditic strains of coxsackievirus induces an inflammatory response in the cardiac tissue. It is this immune response that induces the heart damage, rather than direct viral effects on the heart tissue. Chemokines are chemo-attractant molecules that are secreted during an infection in order to attract immune cells to the site of the injury, and have been found to be important for the development of coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis. We found that a deficiency in Se influences the expression of mRNA for the chemokine monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1, which may have implications for the development of myocarditis in the Se-deficient host. Expression of mRNA for interferon-gamma was also greatly decreased in the Se-deficient animal. Thus, a deficiency in Se can have profound effects on the host as well as on the virus itself. How the alteration of the immune response of the Se-deficient animal affects the development of the virulent genotype remains to be answered.
The role of care in nutrition programmes: current research and a research agenda
Creators: name: Pelto, Gretel
name: Engle, Patrice L.
name: Bentley, Margaret
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: The importance of cultural and behavioural factors in children's nutrition, particularly with regard to feeding, has been recognized only recently. The combination of evidence regarding the importance of caregiving behaviour for good nutrition, and improved strategies for measuring behaviour have led to a renewed interest in care. The UNICEF conceptual framework suggests that care, in addition to food security and health care services, are critical for children's survival, growth and development. The present paper focuses on the care practice of complementary feeding, specifically behavioural factors such as parental interaction patterns, feeding style and adaptation of feeding to the child's motor abilities (self-feeding or feeding by others). Three kinds of feeding styles (Birch & Fisher, 1995) are identified: controlling; laissez-faire; responsive. Probable effects of each feeding style on nutrient intake are described. A number of studies of feeding behaviour have suggested that the laissez-faire style is most frequently observed among families and communities with a higher prevalence of malnourished children. Nutrition interventions that have been able to show significant effects on outcomes, such as the Hearth Model in Vietnam (Sternin et al. 1997), have usually incorporated behavioural components in their intervention. At this time, there have been no tests of the efficacy of behavioural interventions to improve feeding practices. Research is needed to understand behavioural factors in complementary feeding, and to identify and test intervention strategies designed to improve nutrient intake of young children. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion of how nutrition programmes might change if care were incorporated.
Readout strategies for directional dark matter detection beyond the neutrino background
Creators: name: O'Hare, Ciaran A. J.
name: Green, Anne M.
name: Billard, Julien
name: Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali
name: Strigari, Louis E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) by direct detection faces an encroaching background due to coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering. As the sensitivity of these experiments improves, the question of how to best distinguish a dark matter signal from neutrinos will become increasingly important. A proposed method of overcoming this so-called 'neutrino floor' is to utilize the directional signature that both neutrino and dark matter induced recoils possess. We show that directional experiments can indeed probe WIMP-nucleon cross-sections below the neutrino floor with little loss in sensitivity due to the neutrino background. In particular we find at low WIMP masses (around 6 GeV) the discovery limits for directional detectors penetrate below the non-directional limit by several orders of magnitude. For high WIMP masses (around 100 GeV), the non-directional limit is overcome by a factor of a few. Furthermore we show that even for directional detectors which can only measure 1- or 2-dimensional projections of the 3-dimensional recoil track, the discovery potential is only reduced by a factor of 3 at most. We also demonstrate that while the experimental limitations of directional detectors, such as sense recognition and finite angular resolution, have a detrimental effect on the discovery limits, it is still possible to overcome the ultimate neutrino background faced by non-directional detectors.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures, published version
(1229) James Ward
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
DIRECT CLINICIAN CONTACT TO IMPROVE CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING PARTICIPATION IN VETERANS
Creators: name: Dana Harris
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: cervical cancer screening
high risk human papilloma virus
women
veterans
patient perceived barriers

description: Cervical cancer is caused by high risk types of human papilloma virus (hrHPV), persistent hrHPV infections may result in precancerous cervical lesions. Undetected lesions may slowly progress to invasive cervical cancer. Routine cervical cancer screenings (CCS) via papanicolau testing is recommended every 3 years for women aged 21-65, with an increased interval to every 5 years with hrHPV cotesting. Active duty service members experience a) increased rates of HPV infections and cervical dysplasias, b) increased incidence of cervical cancer, and c) decreased CCS rates. The purpose of this doctoral project was to increase CCS participation rates in veteran patients aged 21-65 by providing 1:1 patient education on cervical cancer and the utilization of an evidence-based tool to collect patient perceived barriers to completing CCS. This quality improvement project was conducted at a level 1a Veterans Health Administration facility in southern California; the goals were to increase CCS rates by at least 10% from a baseline of 65.91% by 2023 calendar year end and to also determine primary patient perception barriers to CCS for dissemination to the women's health leadership team. A total of 1,159 women were eligible for CCS; 453 patients ranging from the ages of 21 to 65 years were categorized as overdue based on clinical reminder status. Of those, 39 contacts were attempted and 37 were provided CCS education. Of the 37 successful contacts, 6 patients completed their overdue screening within the implementation window. The CCS completion rate increased from 65.91% to 74.9% post intervention. 12 of the 37 veterans also consented to participate in a modified CPC-28 questionnaire to gather patient-reported barriers to timely CCS completion. Reported barriers included an absence of trust in the organization and patient lack of knowledge surrounding CCS guidelines. Results of the voluntary survey were shared with facility providers and leadership as potential seed for future care delivery improvement endeavors.
Tight bounds on the mutual coherence of sensing matrices for Wigner D-functions on regular grids
Creators: name: Bangun, Arya
name: Behboodi, Arash
name: Mathar, Rudolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many practical sampling patterns for function approximation on the rotation group utilizes regular samples on the parameter axes. In this paper, we relate the mutual coherence analysis for sensing matrices that correspond to a class of regular patterns to angular momentum analysis in quantum mechanics and provide simple lower bounds for it. The products of Wigner d-functions, which appear in coherence analysis, arise in angular momentum analysis in quantum mechanics. We first represent the product as a linear combination of a single Wigner d-function and angular momentum coefficients, otherwise known as the Wigner 3j symbols. Using combinatorial identities, we show that under certain conditions on the bandwidth and number of samples, the inner product of the columns of the sensing matrix at zero orders, which is equal to the inner product of two Legendre polynomials, dominates the mutual coherence term and fixes a lower bound for it. In other words, for a class of regular sampling patterns, we provide a lower bound for the inner product of the columns of the sensing matrix that can be analytically computed. We verify numerically our theoretical results and show that the lower bound for the mutual coherence is larger than Welch bound. Besides, we provide algorithms that can achieve the lower bound for spherical harmonics.
Non-equilibrium concentration fluctuations in binary liquids with realistic boundary conditions
Creators: name: de Zarate, J. M. Ortiz
name: Kirkpatrick, T. R.
name: Sengers, J. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Because of the spatially long-ranged nature of spontaneous fluctuations in thermal non-equilibrium systems, they are affected by boundary conditions for the fluctuating hydrodynamic variables. In this paper we consider a liquid mixture between two rigid and impervious plates with a stationary concentration gradient resulting from a temperature gradient through the Soret effect. For liquid mixtures with a large Lewis number, we are able to obtain explicit analytical expressions for the intensity of the non-equilibrium concentration fluctuations as a function of the frequency $ω$ and the wave number $q$ of the fluctuations. In addition we elucidate the spatial dependence of the intensity of the non-equilibrium fluctuations responsible for a non-equilibrium Casimir effect.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Implementing the new Open Access Policy at Waipapa Taumata Rau | The University of Auckland
Creators: name: Chidlow, Rachel
Publisher: name: The University of Auckland
Year: 2022
Subjects: Open access

description: This presentation was delivered at the Aotearoa Institutional Repository Community Day (AIRCD) conference held online at Lincoln University on 9 September 2022.
 Programme https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vqlQez-8xg1eHBLhRcXdrqFra17XHs9x7aWNATsY3ig/edit?usp=sharing
 The presentation covers what the University of Auckland is doing with our new OA Policy and how we’re looking to implement it and [hopefully] effect a behaviour and culture changed within our organisation.
Birkhoff's Theorem in Lovelock Gravity for General Base Manifolds
Creators: name: Ray, Sourya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the Birkhoff's theorem in Lovelock gravity for arbitrary base manifolds using an elementary method. In particular, it is shown that any solution of the form of a warped product of a two-dimensional transverse space and an arbitrary base manifold must be static. Moreover, the field equations restrict the base manifold such that all the non-trivial intrinsic Lovelock tensors of the base manifold are constants, which can be chosen arbitrarily, and the metric in the transverse space is determined by a single function of a spacelike coordinate which satisfies an algebraic equation involving the constants characterizing the base manifold along with the coupling constants.
description: minor corrections, matches the published version
Individualized nutritional recommendations: do we have the measurements needed to assess risk and make dietary recommendations?
Creators: name: Arab, Lenore
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Is the information currently available to adjust nutritional recommendations and develop individualized nutrition? No. There is not even the information needed for setting dietary recommendations with confidence now at the group level. Will it be available soon? The answer to this question depends on the drive and will of the nutritional community, the success in recruiting funding to the area, the education of nutritionists and the spawning of great ideas and approaches. The emerging tools of genomics, proteomics and metabolomics are enabling the in-depth study of relationships between diet, genetics and metabolism. The advent of technologies can be compared with the discovery of the microscope and the new dimensions of scientific visualization enabled by that discovery. Nutritionists stand at the crest of new waves of data that can be generated, and new methods for their digestion will be required. To date, the study of dietary requirements has been based largely on a black box approach. Subjects are supplemented or depleted and clinical outcomes are observed. Few recommendations are based on metabolic outcomes. Metabolomics and nutrigenomics promise tools with which recommendations can be refined to meet individual requirements and the potential of individualized nutrition can be explored. As yet, these tools are not being widely applied in nutritional research and are rarely being applied by nutritionists. The result is often interesting research that is frequently nutritionally flawed, resulting in inappropriate conclusions. Nutritional education is needed to put nutritionists at the forefront of the development of applications for these technologies, creating a generation of nutrigenomicists. A new generation of nutritionists should be working interdisciplinarily with geneticists, molecular biologists and bioinformaticians in the development of research strategies. The present paper reviews the current status of nutrigenomic research, the current controversies and limitations, and developments needed to advance nutrigenomics and explore fully the promise of individualized nutritional recommendations.
Quantum machine learning of large datasets using randomized measurements
Creators: name: Haug, Tobias
name: Self, Chris N.
name: Kim, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum computers promise to enhance machine learning for practical applications. Quantum machine learning for real-world data has to handle extensive amounts of high-dimensional data. However, conventional methods for measuring quantum kernels are impractical for large datasets as they scale with the square of the dataset size. Here, we measure quantum kernels using randomized measurements. The quantum computation time scales linearly with dataset size and quadratic for classical post-processing. While our method scales in general exponentially in qubit number, we gain a substantial speed-up when running on intermediate-sized quantum computers. Further, we efficiently encode high-dimensional data into quantum computers with the number of features scaling linearly with the circuit depth. The encoding is characterized by the quantum Fisher information metric and is related to the radial basis function kernel. Our approach is robust to noise via a cost-free error mitigation scheme. We demonstrate the advantages of our methods for noisy quantum computers by classifying images with the IBM quantum computer. To achieve further speedups we distribute the quantum computational tasks between different quantum computers. Our method enables benchmarking of quantum machine learning algorithms with large datasets on currently available quantum computers.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures, data for the experiments available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5211695, code available at https://github.com/chris-n-self/large-scale-qml
(1230) Mary Ann Gilbert or Hague [Ward]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Consumer Demand under Price Uncertainty: Empirical Evidence from the Market for Cigarettes
Creators: name: Strumpf, Koleman
name: Gilleskie, Donna
name: Sieg, Holger
name: Coppejans, Mark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: We develop a demand model for goods that are subject to habit formation. We show that consumption plans of forward-looking individuals depend on preferences, current period prices, and individual beliefs about the evolution of future prices. Moreover, an increase in price uncertainty reduces consumption along the optimal path. With smoking as our application, we test the predictions of our model using a unique data set of prices for cigarettes and the restricted-use version of the National Education Longitudinal Study. Our estimation results suggest that teenagers who live in metropolitan areas with a large amount of cigarette price volatility have, on average, significantly lower levels of cigarette consumption. Copyright by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Constrained inflaton due to a complex scalar
Creators: name: Budhi, Romy H. S.
name: Kashiwase, Shoichi
name: Suematsu, Daijiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reexamine inflation due to a constrained inflaton in the model of a complex scalar. Inflaton evolves along a spiral-like valley of special scalar potential in the scalar field space just like single field inflation. Sub-Planckian inflaton can induce sufficient $e$-foldings because of a long slow-roll path. In a special limit, the scalar spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio has equivalent expressions to the inflation with monomial potential $φ^n$. The favorable values for them could be obtained by varying parameters in the potential. This model could be embedded in a certain radiative neutrino mass model.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
A genetic screening for the tumour suppressive anticancer genes
Creators: name: Ding, Qize
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Here, using a gain of function genetic screen approach I investigated 377 human apoptosis inducer genes that were previously isolated in HEK293T cells, and performed several rounds of genetic screens to isolate 22 human anticancer genes that only induce cell death in transformed but not normal cells. Later, using the genetically well-characterised cell line HEK293T as well as establishing transformed variants overexpressing individual oncogene, mutated genes or by knocking down tumour suppressor genes, I performed a separate genetic ‘synthetic lethal screen’ to identify a number of transformation scenarios in which these anticancer genes are targeted. Of these 22 anticancer genes, 16 showed a pronounced cell death inducing effect against c-Myc upregulation. c-Myc overexpressing cells were characterised to show phenotypic differences compared to their normal counterpart. On further validation, c-Myc specificity for these 16 genes was confirmed in a different cellular background in which some of these genes show inverse correlation to c-Myc expression. The last part of my project is to explore the molecular mechanism by which these 16 c-Myc specific anticancer genes induced cell death in c-Myc overexpressing cells. For the gene 1A3 (TMEFF2), my data indicated that it inhibited NF-B activity and CDK5 by inducing c-Myc specific cell death. In addition, 3 other genes 3B6, 4G3 and 4G4 also showed to induce c-Myc specific cell death through inhibition of FOXK2 in c-Myc overexpressing cells. In conclusion, I demonstrate that this ‘gain of function’ genetic screening strategy is useful for the isolation of tumour suppressor genes, but the establishment of their potential ‘anticancer’ functions would require further understanding of their molecular modes of action.
The 3D Flow Field Around an Embedded Planet
Creators: name: Fung, Jeffrey
name: Artymowicz, Pawel
name: Wu, Yanqin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 3D modifications to the well-studied 2D flow topology around an embedded planet have the potential to resolve long-standing problems in planet formation theory. We present a detailed analysis of the 3D isothermal flow field around a 5 Earth-mass planet on a fixed circular orbit, simulated using our multi-GPU hydrodynamics code PEnGUIn. We find that, overall, the horseshoe region has a columnar structure extending vertically much beyond the Hill sphere of the planet. This columnar structure is only broken for some of the widest horseshoe streamlines, along which high altitude fluid descends rapidly into the planet's Bondi sphere, performs one horseshoe turn, and exits the Bondi sphere radially in the midplane. A portion of this flow exits the horseshoe region altogether, which we refer to as the "transient" horseshoe flow. The flow continues as it rolls up into a pair of up-down symmetric horizontal vortex lines shed into the wake of the planet. This flow, unique to 3D, affects both planet accretion and migration. It prevents the planet from sustaining a hydrostatic atmosphere due to its intrusion into the Bondi sphere, and leads to a significant corotation torque on the planet, unanticipated by 2D analysis. In the reported simulation, starting with a $Σ\sim r^{-3/2}$ radial surface density profile, this torque is positive and partially cancels with the negative differential Lindblad torque, resulting in a factor of 3 slower planet migration rate. Finally, we report 3D effects can be suppressed by a sufficiently large disk viscosity, leading to results similar to 2D.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Novel approaches in long term mechanical circulatory support
Creators: name: Morley-Smith, Andrew C.
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Long term mechanical circulatory support using left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) remains an essential tool in managing patients with advanced heart failure, and in some patients can facilitate reverse remodelling of ventricular function. However, large groups of patients remain poorly served by current technologies, and understanding of reverse remodelling, including how to assess it in vivo, remains poor. I evaluate new approaches in long term mechanical support. Specifically, I assess: (1) the CircuLite Synergy LVAD and Sunshine Heart C-Pulse counterpulsation device as novel methods for partial LV support, considering particularly their ability to facilitate reverse remodelling and propensity to induce coagulopathy; (2) gene therapy with the AAV1.SERCA2a product as a novel adjunctive therapy, considering particularly its safety and feasibility in LVAD patients in the SERCA-LVAD trial; and (3) novel biomarkers for use in LVAD patients, with focus on strain echocardiography and circulating microRNA. I report that (1) partial LV support is plausible as a concept and is beneficial in some patients, but there was no consistent evidence of ventricular reverse remodelling and, at the present time, high complication rates and difficulties with patient selection preclude its widespread adoption; (2) there were high rates of pump thrombosis in the Synergy LVAD, though there is no evidence of a device-specific coagulopathy to explain it; (3) gene therapy with AAV1.SERCA2a is safe and feasible in LVAD patients, though there was no evidence of significant efficacy benefit, in line with other clinical trials of this gene therapy in heart failure; (4) assessment of global circumferential strain is feasible in LVAD patients, but inconsistent image quality and effect of loading conditions limit its use; and (5) assessment of circulating microRNA profiles is feasible in LVAD patients, and preliminary data shows roles for specific miRs in patient selection and monitoring of LV function.
Milestone 22 HPC Plan for Stream 1
Creators: name: Mizielinski, Matthew S.
name: Stephens, Ag
name: van der Linden, Paul
name: Bretonniere, Pierre Antoine
name: Fiore, Sandro
name: von Hardenberg, Jost
name: Kolax, Michael
name: Lohmann, Katja
name: Moine, Marie-Pierre
name: Le Sager, Philippe
name: Semmler, Tido
name: Senan, Retish
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016

description: Confirm that all centres have required HPC resources and models that can perform the core integrations
Electronic Supplementary Material, S1-S6 from Local habitat, not phylogenetic relatedness, predicts gut microbiota better within folivorous than frugivorous lemur lineages.
Creators: name: Greene, Lydia K.
name: Clayton, Jonathan B.
name: Rothman, Ryan S.
name: Semel, Brandon P.
name: Semel, Meredith A.
name: Gillespie, Thomas R.
name: Wright, Patricia C.
name: Drea, Christine M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Both host phylogenetic placement and feeding strategy influence the structure of the gut microbiome (GMB); however, parsing their relative contributions presents a challenge. To meet this challenge, we compared GMB structure in two genera of lemurs characterized by different dietary specializations, the frugivorous brown lemurs (Eulemur spp.) and the folivorous sifakas (Propithecus spp.). These genera sympatrically occupy similar habitats (dry forests and rainforests) and diverged over similar evolutionary timescales. We collected fresh faeces from 12 species (six per host genus), at seven sites across Madagascar, and sequenced the 16S rRNA gene to determine GMB membership, diversity and variability. The lemurs' GMBs clustered predominantly by host genus; nevertheless, within genera, host relatedness did not predict GMB distance between species. The GMBs of brown lemurs had greater evenness and diversity, but were more homogeneous across species, whereas the GMBs of sifakas were differentiated between habitats. Thus, over relatively shallow timescales, environmental factors can override the influence of host phylogenetic placement on GMB phylogenetic composition. Moreover, feeding strategy can underlie the relative strength of host–microbiome coadaptation, with Madagascar's folivores perhaps requiring locally adapted GMBs to facilitate their highly specialized diets.
Breaking the limits of purification: Postselection enhances heat-bath algorithmic cooling
Creators: name: Goldberg, Aaron Z.
name: Heshami, Khabat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum technologies require pure states, which are often generated by extreme refrigeration. Heat-bath algorithmic cooling is the theoretically optimal refrigeration technique: it shuttles entropy from a multiparticle system to a thermal bath, thereby generating a quantum state with a high degree of purity. Here, we show how to surpass this hitherto-optimal technique by taking advantage of a single binary-outcome measurement. Our protocols can create arbitrary numbers of pure quantum states without any residual mixedness by using a recently discovered device known as a quantum switch to put two operations in superposition, with postselection certifying the complete purification.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, 1 appendix; updated references; close to published version
Yamabe Invariants and the $\mathrm{Pin}^-(2)$-monopole Equations
Creators: name: Ishida, Masashi
name: Matsuo, Shinichiroh
name: Nakamura, Nobuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R57, 53C21, 53C25, 53C44

description: We compute the Yamabe invariants for a new infinite class of closed $4$-dimensional manifolds by using a "twisted" version of the Seiberg-Witten equations, the $\mathrm{Pin}^-(2)$-monopole equations. The same technique also provides a new obstruction to the existence of Einstein metrics or long-time solutions of the normalised Ricci flow with uniformly bounded scalar curvature.
description: 14 pages
(1231) Eveline Clayton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Minimum Wage Effects Across State Borders: Estimates Using Contiguous Counties
Creators: name: Dube, Arindrajit
name: Lester, T. William
name: Reich, Michael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: We use policy discontinuities at state borders to identify the effects of minimum wages on earnings and employment in restaurants and other low-wage sectors. Our approach generalizes the case study method by considering all local differences in minimum wage policies between 1990 and 2006. We compare all contiguous county pairs in the U.S. that straddle a state border and find no adverse employment effects. We show that traditional approaches that do not account for local economic conditions tend to produce spurious negative effects due to spatial heterogeneities in employment trends that are unrelated to minimum wage policies. Our findings are robust to allowing for long term effects of minimum wage changes.
Improved Robustness and Safety for Pre-Adaptation of Meta Reinforcement Learning with Prior Regularization
Creators: name: Wen, Lu
name: Zhang, Songan
name: Tseng, H. Eric
name: Singh, Baljeet
name: Filev, Dimitar
name: Peng, Huei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Meta Reinforcement Learning (Meta-RL) has seen substantial advancements recently. In particular, off-policy methods were developed to improve the data efficiency of Meta-RL techniques. \textit{Probabilistic embeddings for actor-critic RL} (PEARL) is a leading approach for multi-MDP adaptation problems. A major drawback of many existing Meta-RL methods, including PEARL, is that they do not explicitly consider the safety of the prior policy when it is exposed to a new task for the first time. Safety is essential for many real-world applications, including field robots and Autonomous Vehicles (AVs). In this paper, we develop the PEARL PLUS (PEARL$^+$) algorithm, which optimizes the policy for both prior (pre-adaptation) safety and posterior (after-adaptation) performance. Building on top of PEARL, our proposed PEARL$^+$ algorithm introduces a prior regularization term in the reward function and a new Q-network for recovering the state-action value under prior context assumptions, to improve the robustness to task distribution shift and safety of the trained network exposed to a new task for the first time. The performance of PEARL$^+$ is validated by solving three safety-critical problems related to robots and AVs, including two MuJoCo benchmark problems. From the simulation experiments, we show that safety of the prior policy is significantly improved and more robust to task distribution shift compared to PEARL.
High-dimensional quantum state transfer in a noisy network environment
Creators: name: Qin, Wei
name: Li, Jun-Lin
name: Long, Gui-Lu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and analyze an efficient high-dimensional quantum state transfer protocol in an XX coupling spin network with a hypercube structure or chain structure. Under free spin wave approximation, unitary evolution results in a perfect high-dimensional quantum swap operation requiring neither external manipulation nor weak coupling. Evolution time is independent of either distance between registers or dimensions of sent states, which can enable improvements in computational efficiency. In the low temperature regime and thermodynamic limit, the decoherence by noisy environment is studied with a model of an antiferromagnetic spin bath coupled to quantum channels via an Ising type interaction is studied. it is found that while the decoherence reduces the fidelity of state transfer, increasing intra-channel coupling can strongly suppress such effects. These observations demonstrate that robustness of the proposed scheme.
On the Milnor number of non-isolated singularities of holomorphic foliations and its topological invariance
Creators: name: Fernández-Pérez, Arturo
name: Costa, Gilcione Nonato
name: Rosas, Rudy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32S65 - 58K45

description: We define the Milnor number -- as the intersection number of two holomorphic sections -- of a one-dimensional holomorphic foliation $\mathscr{F}$ with respect to a compact connected component $C$ of its singular set. Under certain conditions, we prove that the Milnor number of $\mathscr{F}$ on a three-dimensional manifold with respect to $C$ is invariant by $C^1$ topological equivalences.
description: 17 pages
Electrically controlled superconductor-insulator transition and giant anomalous Hall effect in kagome metal CsV3Sb5 nanoflakes
Creators: name: Zheng, Guolin
name: Tan, Cheng
name: Chen, Zheng
name: Wang, Maoyuan
name: Zhu, Xiangde
name: Albarakati, Sultan
name: Algarni, Meri
name: Partridge, James
name: Farrar, Lawrence
name: Zhou, Jianhui
name: Ning, Wei
name: Tian, Mingliang
name: Fuhrer, Michael S.
name: Wang, Lan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic correlations (e.g. unconventional superconductivity (SC), chiral charge order and nematic order) and giant anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in topological kagome metals AV3Sb5 (A= K, Rb, and Cs) have attracted great interest. Electrical control of those correlated electronic states and AHE allows us to resolve their own nature and origin and to discover new quantum phenomena. Here, we show that a protonic gate can largely modulate the effective disorders and carrier density in CsV3Sb5 nanoflakes, leading to significant modifications of SC, unusual charge density wave (CDW) and giant AHE. Notably, we observed a direct superconductor-insulator transition (SIT) driven by superconducting phase fluctuation due to the doping-enhanced disorders, in addition to a large suppression of CDW. Meanwhile, the carrier density modulation shifts the Fermi level across the CDW gap and gives rise to a nontrivial evolution of AHE, in line with the asymmetric density of states of CDW sub-bands near the saddle point. With the first-principles calculations, we suggest the extrinsic skew scattering of holes in the nearly flat bands with finite Berry curvature by multiple impurities accounts for the giant AHE. Our work uncovers a disorder-driven bosonic SIT, outlines a global picture of the giant AHE and reveals its correlation with the unconventional CDW in the AV3Sb5 family.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures
(1227) William Wikely Clayton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Studies towards the synthesis of bromophycolides
Creators: name: Bahou, Karim Andrew
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: A discussion of attempts to synthesise members of the bromophycolide family of natural products by three distinct strategies is included. Novel chemistry includes: new studies on prenyl groups in ring-closing metathesis and the discovery of a relay-cross metathesis reaction for synthesising terpenoids.
(1228) Emily Ann Ward
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Quantum filtering for multiple diffusive and Poissonian measurements
Creators: name: Emzir, Muhammad F.
name: Woolley, Matthew J.
name: Petersen, Ian R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We provide a rigorous derivation of a quantum filter for the case of multiple measurements being made on a quantum system. We consider a class of measurement processes which are functions of bosonic field operators, including combinations of diffusive and Poissonian processes. This covers the standard cases from quantum optics, where homodyne detection may be described as a diffusive process and photon counting may be described as a Poissonian process. We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for any pair of such measurements taken at different output channels to satisfy a commutation relationship. Then, we derive a general, multiple measurement quantum filter as an extension of a single-measurement quantum filter. As an application we explicitly obtain the quantum filter corresponding to homodyne detection and photon counting at the output ports of a beam splitter, correcting an earlier result.
description: 19 Pages, 4 Figures
Optimal control of a motor-integrated hybrid powertrain for a two-wheeled vehicle suitable for personal transportation
Creators: name: Das, Himadri Bhushan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: The present research aims to propose an optimized configuration of the motor integrated power-train with an optimal controller suitable for small power-train based two wheeler automobile which can increase the system level efficiency without affecting drivability. This work will be the foundation for realizing the system in a production ready vehicle for the two wheeler OEM TVS Motor Company in India. A detailed power-train model is developed (from first principles) for the scooter vehicle, which is powered by a 110 cc spark ignition (SI) engine and coupled with two types of transmission, a continuous variable transmission (CVT) and a 4-speed manual transmission (MT). Both models are capable of simulating torque and NOx emission output of the SI engine and dynamic response of the full power-train. The torque production and emission outputs of the model are compared with experimental results available from TVS Motor Company. The CVT gear ratio model is developed using an indirect method and an analytical model. Both types of powertrain models are applied to perform a simulated study of fuel consumption, NOx emission and drivability study for a particular vehicle platform. In the next stage of work, the mathematical model for a brush-less direct current machine (BLDC) with the drive system and Li-Ion battery are developed. The models are verified and calibrated with the experimental results from TVS Motor Company. The BLDC machine is integrated with both the CVT and MT powertrain models in parallel hybrid configurations and a drive cycle simulation is conducted for different static assist levels by the electrical machines. The initial test confirms the need of optimal sizing of the powertrain components as well as an optimal control system. The detailed model of the powertrain is converted to a control-oriented model which is suitable for optimal control. This is followed by multi-objective optimization of different components of the motor-integrated powertrain using a single function as well as Pareto-Optimal methods. The objective function for the multi-objective optimization is proposed to reduce the fuel consumption with battery charge sustainability with least impact on the increase of financial cost and weight of the vehicle. The optimization is conducted by a nested methodology that involves Particle Swarm Optimization and a Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm where, concurrently, a global optimal control is developed corresponding to the multi-objective design. The global optimal controller is designed using dynamic programming. The research is concluded with an optimal controller developed using the hp-collocation method. The objective function of the dynamic programming method and hp-collocation method is proposed to reduce fuel consumption with battery charge sustainability.