cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Calculating how long it takes for a diffusion process to effectively reach steady state without computing the transient solution
Creators: name: Carr, Elliot J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Mathematically, it takes an infinite amount of time for the transient solution of a diffusion equation to transition from initial to steady state. Calculating a \textit{finite} transition time, defined as the time required for the transient solution to transition to within a small prescribed tolerance of the steady state solution, is much more useful in practice. In this paper, we study estimates of finite transition times that avoid explicit calculation of the transient solution by using the property that the transition to steady state defines a cumulative distribution function when time is treated as a random variable. In total, three approaches are studied: (i) mean action time (ii) mean plus one standard deviation of action time and (iii) a new approach derived by approximating the large time asymptotic behaviour of the cumulative distribution function. The new approach leads to a simple formula for calculating the finite transition time that depends on the prescribed tolerance $δ$ and the $(k-1)$th and $k$th moments ($k \geq 1$) of the distribution. Results comparing exact and approximate finite transition times lead to two key findings. Firstly, while the first two approaches are useful at characterising the time scale of the transition, they do not provide accurate estimates for diffusion processes. Secondly, the new approach allows one to calculate finite transition times accurate to effectively any number of significant digits, using only the moments, with the accuracy increasing as the index $k$ is increased.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures, accepted version of paper published in Physical Review E
MPEC 2024-Q63 : 2024 QY
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 QY

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Neural correlates of stream segregation from childhood to adulthood
Creators: name: Calcus, Axelle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In noisy backgrounds, listeners parse the concurrent auditory streams (“stream segregation”), and selectively focus on one stream as it unfolds over time (“selective attention”), performing perform the auditory scene analysis. Stream segregation is thought to remain immature in 12 year-olds with normal hearing. Here, we sought to investigate developmental changes in the neural signature of auditory stream segregation from childhood to adulthood. Children (n = 17), adolescents (n = 12) and young adults (n = 20) were presented with sequences of sounds consisting in coherent auditory figures imposed on stochastic backgrounds (“tone clouds”). These figure-ground sequences have been shown to elicit distinct EEG responses, including the object-related negativity (ORN) and P400, which reflect the processing of concurrent auditory objects. Participants were also presented with a consonant identification task in three conditions: in quiet, in the presence of one interfering talker, and in the presence of speech-shaped-noise. Results indicate a progressive improvement in the behavioural figure-ground segregation. Amplitude of both ORN and P400 decreased with age; only P400 amplitude was significantly correlated with behavioural performance. There was no clear relationship between ORN/P400 and speech perception in noise. Yet, our results suggest a protracted development of stream segregation from childhood to adulthood. This was discussed in relation with the literature on auditory scene analysis and the development of the central auditory pathways.
[Xtalk+] The Effects of the Non-Gravitational Processes to the Thermodynamic of the Intracluster Medium
Creators: name: Zhenghao Zhu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Abstract: Galaxy clusters, located at the nodes of the large-scale structure of the Universe, are valuable celestial bodies in astrophysics. Although structure formation and evolution of the galaxy clusters are dominated by gravity, the non-gravitational processes cannot be neglected. To study their effects, we constructed a physical model by taking into account the effects of gravity, gas thermal history, gas compression, non-thermal pressure support, as well as the gas clumping effect to describe the gas temperature, gas density, and total gravitational mass of a galaxy cluster. After fitting the model to the Chandra, XMM, or Suzaku observations of 47 galaxy clusters or groups, we calculated their physical properties and reached the following results: (1) The gas entropy distribution agrees with the prediction from adiabatic simulations near the virial radius, which implies that gravity dominates the evolution at that radius; (2) The feedback energy released from non-gravitational processes is about 10 keV per particle at the center of galaxy clusters, while the value decreases monotonically to 0 at about 0.35𝑟200; (3) Assuming all feedback energy comes from the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) of the BCGs, we found the upper limit of the feedback efficiency to be ~0.02, which is lower than that of a typical spinning black hole, implying that SMBHs are non-spinning.

Related reference paper and ADS link:
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021ApJ...908...17Z/abstract

This talk is delivered in Chinese (中文).

 

 
description: This talk is one of the Xtalk+ series.
Study of the AGN feedback
Creators: name: Qinyuan Zhao
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Abstract: AGN feedback is now a standard component of galaxy formation models. In the picture of co-evolution between blacks holes and galaies, during the formation and evolution of galaxies, AGN feedback may play a key role in the self-regulation of black hole and galaxy growth. However, there are still many observational difficulties in understanding the physical scale and energetics feedback and its effects on galaxies and intergalactic environment. During this talk, I will present our recent work about the ionized gases around AGNs. 1, We discovered the first FSRQ is hosted by a gas-rich disk galaxy. 2, 3C 191 inflate a pair of superbubbles. And we compare the IFS emission line analyses with UV BAL analyses, and find that the results are in accordance.   

Related reference papers and ADS links:

https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023ApJ...943L..25Z/abstract
description: This talk is one of the Xtalk+ series.
[Xtalk+] The X-ray study of the bright central galaxies and hot gas of galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Chao Geng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Abstract: In the standard 𝛬CDM cosmological model, cosmic structure formation is hierarchical. Although the dark matter merger history is in good agreement with simulations, the current understanding of the baryonic evolution process is still relatively poor, which further hinders our understanding of galaxy formation and galaxy cluster evolution.

Motivated by the above scientific topics, our collaborators have proposed Chandra observations and have acquired about 173-ks long first-hand data. The following topics have then been investigated based on this set of data.

(1) X-ray study of the central bright galaxy of galaxy cluster Abell 407 and the AGN feedback.

A407 contains a compact group of galaxies in the central 30 kpc of Abell 407 (A407), in which 9 members galaxies are identified and also show merging features.

By analyzing the cumulative 44 ks Chandra observations of galaxy cluster A407, in addition to radio and optical observations, we studied the details of the BCG formation.

(2) Study of physical processes in the hot gas of the ICM in galaxy cluster MCXC J0157.4 - 0550.

The galaxy cluster SDSS J015733 (J0157 for short), as a subcluster, is currently merging with its main cluster and producing the brightest sloshing-type cold front structure observed so far, and the cold front scale is one of the largest ever found (∼260 kpc).

By analyzing the cumulative Chandra X-ray observations of 129 ks for sub-cluster J0157, we studied its cold front structure.

Related reference papers and ADS links: Chandra view of Abell 407: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022MNRAS.511.3994G/abstract
description: This talk is one of the Xtalk+ series.
Management - Is it Science or Art.pdf
Creators: name: Bwalya, Arthur
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other commerce, management, tourism and services not elsewhere classified
Strategy, management and organisational behaviour not elsewhere classified
Small business organisation and management
Quality management

description: Every organisation needs management – why? Specifically, because all organisations have to co-ordinate their activities, operations and employees towards achieving organisational goals. Organisations employ managers to carry out management activities (planning, organising,leading and controlling).
 The question then is: as managers go about managing their respective departments and organisations, should theybe scientific or artistic in their approach?
П. А. Столыпин и русская цивилизационная альтернатива
Creators: name: Шульгин В.Н.
Publisher: name: Гуманитарные исследования Центральной России
Year: 2016
Subjects: ИСТОРИОГРАФИЯ
ИДЕОЛОГИЯ
НАУКА
САМОБЫТНОСТЬ
ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИЯ
АЛЬТЕРНАТИВА

description: Историография П.А. Столыпина характеризуется давним противостоянием сторонников и противников дела этого последнего царского реформатора. Противники его аттестуют в диапазоне от «пигмея» политики до «отца» революции. Подчас забывается, что «аграрный компонент» столыпинской реформы не был самоцелью преобразователя. С опорой на фонд классической мысли рассматривается наследие Столыпина одного из носителей отечественной цивилизационной альтернативы. Неслучайно гениальный В.В. Розанов после его убийства сказал: «П.А. Столыпин… начертал на своем знамени слова “национальная политика”. И принял мучение за это знамя». Ему вторил Л.А. Тихомиров: «Завелся “раз в жизни” человек, способный объединить и сплотить нацию... и того убили!» Первостепенные отечественные мыслители избегали зауженного идеологизированного подхода, из оков которого до сих пор не могут вырваться многие историки, писатели и журналисты. Наличие их обличений свидетельствует, что мы еще не вышли из петербургско-революционного цикла истории, «заквашенного» западными идеологемами и до сих пор «разрываемся» между либеральными «правами человека» и марксовой «социальной революционностью». При этом Россия с ее духом народности и величием превращается в некую служебную функцию реализации ложных «идеалов». Столыпин не в ответе за то, что позднейшие политики не удержали русский имперский корабль на взятом им устойчивом курсе. Однако его уроки любви к отечеству и жертвенности во имя славы России не пропали даром, они могут и должны найти добрых подражателей.
[Xtalk+] Mock HUBS Observations of Hot Gas
Creators: name: Yu-Ning Zhang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Abstract: The hot gas is widely distributed in the universe and is closely related to accretion and various feedback processes of galaxies. The study of the hot gas not only is the key to solving the missing baryon problem but also is very important to understand the formation and evolution of the galaxies. To detect the hot gas, the Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor (HUBS) project plans to launch an X-ray science satellite around 2030. The satellite will be equipped with an X-ray telescope with a large field of view, large effective area, and high energy resolution. In preparation, it is necessary to quantify the scientific capabilities of HUBS in studying the hot gas and provide the basis for the design optimization of the instrument and future scientific research work. To this end, we created mock HUBS observations with the state-of-the-art cosmological simulation, IllustrisTNG. From the observations, we made mock X-ray images and spectra, analyzed them to derive the properties of the emitting gas in each case, and compared the results with the input parameters from the simulation. The results show that HUBS is well suited for studying hot CGM at low redshifts. The redshift range is significantly extended for measuring IGrM and ICM. In addition, we have developed a number of primary studies of the star-forming galaxies and the filament structures in the line-of-sight.

Related reference papers and ADS links:https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022ExA....53.1053Z/abstract

 

 
description: This talk is one of the Xtalk+ series.
[Xtalk+] Resolving the Impact of SMBHs in the Largest Galaxies of the Universe
Creators: name: Yu Qiu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Abstract: Some of the largest galaxies in the Universe reside in the centers of galaxy clusters. Enshrouding these central galaxies, a large pool of X-ray emitting plasma, known as the intracluster medium (ICM), is cooling at a rate of 100-1000 M_sun/yr. However, the stellar mass is only growing at 10s of M_sun/yr in these giant elliptical galaxies. Where is the rest of the cooling mass? If no baryons are missing, how are they heated and star formation quenched? Meanwhile, observations of these galaxies have found ~1e10 M_sun of molecular gas, a large portion of which forms extended filaments spanning the entire galaxy. What drives the formation of these cold filaments? How do they coexist with the ambient hot plasma? To answer these questions, both theory and observation point to the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the center of these galaxies. In this talk, I will briefly review the discovery and mysteries of the ICM, and introduce recent simulation efforts to understand how energy released during SMBH feeding (a.k.a., AGN feedback) is able to solve these mysteries.Abstract: Some of the largest galaxies in the Universe reside in the centers of galaxy clusters. Enshrouding these central galaxies, a large pool of X-ray emitting plasma, known as the intracluster medium (ICM), is cooling at a rate of 100-1000 M_sun/yr. However, the stellar mass is only growing at 10s of M_sun/yr in these giant elliptical galaxies. Where is the rest of the cooling mass? If no baryons are missing, how are they heated and star formation quenched? Meanwhile, observations of these galaxies have found ~1e10 M_sun of molecular gas, a large portion of which forms extended filaments spanning the entire galaxy. What drives the formation of these cold filaments? How do they coexist with the ambient hot plasma? To answer these questions, both theory and observation point to the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the center of these galaxies. In this talk, I will briefly review the discovery and mysteries of the ICM, and introduce recent simulation efforts to understand how energy released during SMBH feeding (a.k.a., AGN feedback) is able to solve these mysteries.

 

Related reference papers and ADS links:

https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021ApJ...923..256Q/abstract

https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020NatAs...4..900Q/abstract
description: This talk is one of the Xtalk+ series.
Reduced speech understanding in walking-noise with and without hearing loss compensation
Creators: name: Eipert, Lena
name: Strobel, Kaja
name: Warmuth, Julia
name: Hannemann, Ronny
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Background: Hearing loss is linked to frailty, walking difficulties, and an increased risk of falling. Difficulties in walking, i.e., a reduced walking speed, decreased step length, as well as a higher variability in stride time, were already described for hearing impaired subjects. The interaction of this changed motion performance, i.e., it could also be considered as noise, on speech understanding remains unclear. Dedicated speech tests are usually performed with listeners seated in an acoustic laboratory with highly controlled conditions, although daily life often challenges listeners with additional tasks while perceiving speech. Previous investigations in virtual reality walking setups testing speech understanding in noise or speech background proofed the impact of physical load on cognitive resources and thus, speech perception in acoustic complex environments. 

Rationale: Thus, we here investigated the effect of walking on the perception of monosyllabic words either with or without hearing loss compensation with hearing aids.

Methods: Speech perception thresholds, i.e., %-correct, for monosyllabic words (Freiburger speech test) were collected in a classical audiological laboratory setup with subjects seated in front of a speaker as well as in a dual task guided walk with subjects carrying the speaker for testing in a backpack. All listeners (n = 24) were hearing impaired and completed both tasks wearing hearing aids either without or with an amplification compensating for their individual hearing loss. Hearing aids were equipped with integrated Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors. Data collections were App-based, and gait patterns were extracted from accelerometer data using the ear gait package (https://pypi.org/project/eargait/). 

Results: For all listeners speech perception thresholds significantly declined during the dual task compared with the lab situation either with or without compensated hearing impairment. While speech perception thresholds improved for all listeners in both situations with compensated hearing loss, thresholds improved less for listeners during the dual task than during the laboratory testing. Further, gait patterns revealed longer stride times, decreased step length, and reduced gait velocity comparing walking with completing the dual task, i.e., walking and testing speech perception thresholds.

Conclusion: Motion activity such as walking appears to demand additional cognitive load while seeking to understand speech resulting in less beneficial hearing aid compensation compared to focused and undistracted listening. Further, besides speech perception thresholds, also gait patterns deteriorate to a state associated with walking difficulties. In conclusion, hearing aid compensation success not only depends on the hearing impairment of an individuum but also the cognitive load in addition to speech understanding.
Study of dark matter physics in non-universal gaugino mass scenario
Creators: name: Kawamura, Junichiro
name: Omura, Yuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study dark matter physics in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with non-universal gaugino masses at the unification scale. In this scenario, the specific ratio of wino and gluino masses realizes the electro-weak scale naturally and achieves 125 GeV Higgs boson mass. Then, relatively light higgsino is predicted and the lightest neutral particle, that is dominantly given by the neutral component of higgsino, is a good dark matter candidate. The direct detection of the dark matter is sensitive to not only a higgsino mass but also gaugino masses significantly. The upcoming XENON1T experiment excludes the parameter region where bino or gluino is lighter than about 2.5 TeV if the higgsino and the gaugino mass parameters have same signs. We see that the direct detection of dark matter gives stronger bound than the direct search at the LHC experiment when higgsino sizably contributes to the dark matter abundance
description: 21 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
PERFORMANCE OF ELEVEN VARIETIES OF DRY BEANS (Phaseolus vulgaris) OVER TWO SUCCESSIVE SEASONS OF THE HILLSIDES OF JAMAICA
Creators: name: Montague-Gordon, Elaine
name: Wahab, Abdul H.
name: Dehaney, Joseph
name: Wright, Audrey
name: Montague-Gordon, Elaine
name: Wahab, Abdul H.
name: Dehaney, Joseph
name: Wright, Audrey
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Productivity Analysis

description: Eleven bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris) were evalueted in the hilly interior of Jamaica for grain yield and yield components during two successive growing seasons of 1980, viz., May - August and September - December. Grain yields were highest in the Spring planted crop ranging from 1.2 to 3.0 t/ha of excellent quality seeds. Seed yields declined considerably in the second planting and ranged from 0.55 to 1.32 t/ha. Black seeded cultivars produced the highest grain yield in both plantings. The impressive yield figures obtained in the first trial could be attributed to favourable weather conditions. However, a serious constraint to "high yields is poor rainfall distribution which could lead to moisture stress and disease conditions as evidenced in the Pall planted crop. Bean Rust and Anthracnose constituted important diseases. Positive linear corrélations were observed btween the number of pods per plant and: a) seeds per pod; b) see yield; and c) plant height whereas number of seeds per pod were negatively correlated with seed size. This suggests that small seedes varieties tend to produce more seeds per pod and a greater number of pods per plant than large seeded varieties. In view of the superior performance of the black seeded varieties over the red-seeded ones in the trial plots, it is recommended that these findings be commercially validated with the ultimate objective of producing black bean for the export market thereby earning vitally needed foreign exchange.
Relationship between supergranulation flows, magnetic cancellation and network flares
Creators: name: Attie, R.
name: Innes, D. E.
name: Solanki, S. K.
name: Glassmeier, K. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Photospheric flows create a network of often mixed-polarity magnetic field in the quiet Sun, where small-scale eruptions and network flares are commonly seen. Aims: The aim of this paper is (1) to describe the characteristics of the flows that lead to these energy releases, (2) to quantify the energy build up due to photospheric flows acting on the magnetic field, and (3) to assess its contribution to the energy of small-scale, short-lived X-ray flares in the quiet Sun. Methods: We used photospheric and X-ray data from the SoHO and Hinode spacecraft combined with tracking algorithms to analyse the evolution of five network flares. The energy of the X-ray emitting thermal plasma is compared with an estimate of the energy built up due to converging and sheared flux. Results: Quiet-Sun network flares occur above sites of converging opposite-polarity magnetic flux that are often found on the outskirts of network cell junctions, sometimes with observable vortex-like motion. In all studied flares the thermal energy was more than an order of magnitude higher than the magnetic free energy of the converging flux model. The energy in the sheared field was always higher than in the converging flux but still lower than the thermal energy. Conclusions: X-ray network flares occur at sites of magnetic energy dissipation. The energy is probably built up by supergranular flows causing systematic shearing of the magnetic field. This process appears more efficient near the junction of the network lanes. Since this work relies on 11 case studies, our results call for a follow-up statistical analysis to test our hypothesis throughout the quiet Sun.
Dividing attention bilingually: The benefits and costs of spatial separation between talkers in two different known languages
Creators: name: Rice, Emily
name: Knight, Sarah
name: de Bruin, Angela
name: Mattys, Sven
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: energetic masking
spatial release from energetic masking
selective listening
divided listening
spatial unmasking
working memory
cognitive load

description: Energetic masking (EM) refers to spectrotemporal overlap between a to-be-attended target and a competing masker, disrupting the target at the auditory periphery. Spatial separation between target and masker reduces EM, increasing target intelligibility. This benefit is known as spatial release from EM (SREM). When listeners attend to both sounds rather than one, spatial separation reduces EM, but increases cognitive load, as listeners must shift attention between two spatial locations. Nevertheless, spatial separation still appears to improve performance, demonstrating that SREM’s benefits outweigh cognitive costs. However, existing research has focused on monolingual participants presented with one language. It is currently unclear how these effects operate when two different, but known, languages are spoken simultaneously, which is a regular occurrence for bilinguals. Furthermore, it remains an open question how the costs and benefits of spatial separation differentially affect the first language (L1) and second language (L2).

In the current studies, unbalanced Spanish-English bilinguals completed a selective listening (SL, N=98) and/or a divided listening (DL, N=80) task. Results are reported here for the 66 participants who completed both tasks. On each trial, participants heard one Spanish (L1) and one English (L2) sentence simultaneously, either collocated (diotic) or dichotic (one sentence in each ear). In the SL task, participants were told in advance which talker to transcribe. In the DL task, they were not told which talker to transcribe until after stimulus presentation, so had to listen to both to perform successfully. Working memory was measured using a visual Letter Number Sequencing task.

In both tasks, performance was better for the L1 than the L2 sentences and in the dichotic than the collocated condition. There was no interaction between language and spatial separation. Thus, SREM was beneficial for both languages, and neither language benefited from SREM significantly more than the other.

However, in the L2 condition, the SREM benefit was smaller in the DL than the SL task, potentially because the increased cognitive demand associated with attending simultaneously to two spatially separated talkers had a greater impact on transcription of the less proficient language. Furthermore, working memory scores were positively correlated with listening accuracy in the DL, but not SL task, supporting an increased need for cognitive control when processing two languages simultaneously.
Plan de la procession du Vendredi Saint à Collioure en 1962, appartenant à Henri Ribeil. Première et deuxième parties.
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2022

Abstract
Five novel palladium(II) complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline and amino acids with hydrophobic side chains: synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity, DNA- and BSA-interaction studies
Creators: name: Mohammadi, Fatemeh
name: Mansouri-Torshizi, Hassan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The side effects and resistance of metal-based anticancer drugs prompted us to synthesis a novel series of five Pd(II) complexes of the type [Pd(8-QO)(AA)]; where 8-QO = anion of 8-hydroxyquinoline and AA = anions of amino acids having nonpolar aliphatic side chain such as glycine (–H), alanine (–CH3), valine (–CH(CH3)2), leucine (–CH2–CH(CH3)2) and isoleucine (–CH(CH3)CH2–CH3). The complexes have been characterized with the help of FT-IR, UV–Vis, one and two-dimensional 1H-NMR, elemental analysis and conductivity measurements. On the basis of these characterization data, a four coordinated square planar geometry for all of these complexes have been proposed. The compounds were screened for their in vitro activities against human cancer cell line, MOLT-4 and their 50% inhibition concentration were ascertained by means of MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Since four out of the five newly synthesized compounds were found to be more active than the standard anticancer drug, cisplatin, their detailed interaction with calf thymus DNA (as a target) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) (as a carrier) were also carried out by utilizing absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and ethidium bromide displacement studies. In these experiments, several binding and thermodynamic parameters were also calculated. These results suggested that hydrogen binding and van der Waals forces play a major role in the interaction between metal complexes with CT-DNA and BSA. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS from The welfare problems of wide-ranging Carnivora reflect naturally itinerant lifestyles
Creators: name: Bandeli, Miranda
name: Mellor, Emma L.
name: Kroshko, Jeanette
name: Maherali, Hafiz
name: Mason, Georgia J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Animal Behaviour

description: Carnivora with naturally small home ranges readily adjust to the evolutionarily new environment of captivity, but wider-ranging species seem prone to stress. Understanding why would advance both collection planning and enclosure design. We therefore investigated which aspects of wide-ranging lifestyles are key. We identified eight correlates of home range size (reflecting energetic needs, movement, intra-specific interactions, and itinerant lifestyles). We systematically assessed whether these correlates predict welfare better than range size per se, using data on captive juvenile mortality (from 13 518 individuals across 42 species) and stereotypic route-tracing (456 individuals, 27 species). Naturally itinerant lifestyles (quantified via ratios of daily to annual travel distances) were found to confer risk, predicting greater captive juvenile losses and stereotypic time-budgets. This finding advances our understanding of the evolutionary basis for welfare problems in captive Carnivora, helping explain why naturally sedentary species (e.g. American mink) may breed even in intensive farm conditions, while others (e.g. polar bears, giant pandas) can struggle even in modern zoos and conservation breeding centres. Naturally itinerant lifestyles involve decision-making, and strategic shifts between locations, suggesting that supplying more novelty, cognitive challenge and/or opportunities for control will be effective ways to meet these animals' welfare needs in captivity.
Phase-separation control of K$_x$Fe$_{2-y}$Se$_2$ superconductor through rapid-quenching process
Creators: name: Yanagisawa, Yusuke
name: Tanaka, Masashi
name: Yamashita, Aichi
name: Suzuki, Kouji
name: Hara, Hiroshi
name: ElMassalami, Mohammed
name: Takeya, Hiroyuki
name: Takano, Yoshihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: K$_x$Fe$_{2-y}$Se$_2$ exhibits an iron-vacancy ordering at $T_{\rm s} {\sim}270°$C and separates into two phases: a minor superconducting (iron-vacancy-disordered) phase and a major non-superconducting (iron-vacancy-ordered) phase. The microstructural and superconducting properties of this intermixture can be tuned by an appropriate control of the quenching process through $T_{\rm s}$. A faster quenching rate leads to a finer microstructure and a suppression of formation of the non-superconducting phase by up to 50%. Nevertheless, such a faster cooling rate does induce a monotonic reduction in the superconducting transition temperature (from 30.7 K down to 26.0 K) and, simultaneously, a decrease in the iron content within the superconducting phase such that the compositional ratio changed from K$_{0.35}$Fe$_{1.83}$Se$_2$ to K$_{0.58}$Fe$_{1.71}$Se$_2$.
title: Mesenteric arteries stenosis in patients with peripheral arterial disease
Creators: name: Vuksic, Jelena
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: Abdomen
subject: Vascular
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Arteriosclerosis
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) is a rare condition, and it is often diagnosed late in its course [1]. The most common cause is atherosclerosis involving proximal portions of the celiac, superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and inferior mesenteric...
Molecular docking, QSAR properties and DNA/BSA binding, anti-proliferative studies of 6-methoxy benzothiozole imine base and its metal complexes
Creators: name: Mudavath, Ravi
name: Ushaiah, B.
name: Prasad, Ch. Kishan
name: Sudeepa, K.
name: Ravindar, P.
name: Sunitha, S. N. T.
name: Devi, Ch. Sarala
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: The molecular and QSAR (Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship) properties of title compound 2-((6-Methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)-6-ethoxyphenol (HL) were evaluated employing HyperChem 7.5 tools. The interaction of the 1a–1e complexes of HL with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was investigated by absorption titrations, Fluorescence quenching and viscosity measurements. The experimental data suggest that these complexes bind to CT-DNA through an intercalative mode, wherein DNA-binding affinity of 1e is found to be greater compared to other complexes. The tryptophan emission-quenching with bovine serum albumin (BSA) experiment revealed stronger binding of 1e than other complexes in the hydrophobic region of protein. The photocleavage of plasmid pBR322 DNA investigated in the presence of the title complexes inferred conversion of supercoiled form of DNA plasmid to circular nicked form. Free-radical scavenging activity studies of HL and its metal complexes determined by their interaction with the stable free-radical DPPH have shown promising antioxidant property. Further cytotoxicity studies with HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines indicated that the compounds can efficiently inhibit the cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner. The DAPI staining assay studies revealed the higher potency of 1e to induce apoptosis. AbbreviationsBSABovine serum albumin proteinCT-DNACalf thymus DNADMSODimethyl sulfoxideDAPI4′,-6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochlorideESI–MSElectrospray ionization mass spectrometryIC50 Half-maximal inhibitory concentrationMBTYE2-((6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino) methyl)-6-ethoxyphenolMTT3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromidePBSPhosphate-buffered salineTrisTris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane Bovine serum albumin protein Calf thymus DNA Dimethyl sulfoxide 4′,-6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry Half-maximal inhibitory concentration 2-((6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino) methyl)-6-ethoxyphenol 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide Phosphate-buffered saline Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
The right-ear advantage in static and dynamic cocktail-party situations
Creators: name: Wächtler, Moritz
name: Sandmann, Pascale
name: Meister, Hartmut
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: When speech stimuli are presented dichotically, an advantage of the right ear (“right-ear advantage”, REA) can often be observed, which manifests itself in a better speech recognition performance compared to the left ear. Explanations for this effect often refer to a specialization of the left hemisphere for language in combination with either superior contralateral pathways (structural model) or rightward-shifts of attention induced by speech (attentional models). There is evidence that the REA is increased when cognitive load is high (Penner et al., 2009, Fumero et al. 2022). With this in mind, it is worth investigating how the REA behaves in static (constant target talker) versus dynamic cocktail-party situations (unpredictable target talker changes), as the latter are associated with higher cognitive load. Results from a previous study (Wächtler et al., 2020) indeed provided first evidence for a greater REA in dynamic relative to static situations, although ceiling effects in performance complicated interpretation of the results.

In the present study, a cocktail party situation was simulated with three competing talkers at different positions (-60, 0, and +60 degrees azimuth angle) using a matrix sentence test. The target talker was indicated using a keyword. In the static condition, the position of the target talker remained constant and was announced in advance, whereas in the dynamic situation it changed in an unpredictable manner after each trial. To avoid ceiling effects in performance, speech stimuli were either presented at low sound pressure levels or processed with a noise vocoder. Data from 16 young normal-hearing adults were included in the study. 

We discuss to what extent the different cognitive demands of the two conditions (static/dynamic) influence the REA and whether there is an interaction with the type of signal degradation (low level/vocoder). Furthermore, we present the results of a detailed error analysis to investigate how far the results support structural and attentional models of the REA.

Funding: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (ME2751/3-2).

References:

Fumero MJ, Marrufo-Pérez MI, Eustaquio-Martín A, Lopez-Poveda EA (2022). Divided listening in the free field becomes asymmetric when acoustic cues are limited. Hearing Research, 416, 108444. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108444

Penner IK, Schläfli K, Opwis K, Hugdahl K (2009). The role of working memory in dichotic-listening studies of auditory laterality. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 31(8):959-66. doi: 10.1080/13803390902766895.

Wächtler M, Wenzel F, Kessler J, Walger M, Meister H. (2020). What are some of the challenges in dynamic cocktail party listening? Speech in Noise Workshop 2020 (SPIN), Toulouse, France. Zenodo. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.8101983
Domain wall seeds in CSO-gauged supergravity
Creators: name: Dorronsoro, Juan Diaz
name: Erbin, Harold
name: Van Riet, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational domain wall solutions in gauged supergravity are often constructed within truncations that do not include vectors. As a consequence the gauge group is only a global symmetry of this truncation. The consistency of the truncation requires the restriction to solutions with vanishing Noether charge under this global symmetry, since otherwise vector fields are sourced. We show that this has interesting consequences for the orbit structure of the solutions under the global symmetries. We investigate this for $\text{CSO}(p,q,r)$-gaugings in various dimensions with scalar fields truncated to the $\text{SL}(n,\mathbb{R})/\text{SO}(n)$ subcoset. We prove that the seed solution $-$ which generates all other solutions using only global transformations $-$ has a diagonal coset matrix. This means that there exists a transformation at the boundary of the geometry that diagonalises the coset matrix and that this same transformation also diagonalises the whole flow as a consequence of the vanishing charge.
description: 17 pages, matches published version
SUPPLEMENTARY ONLINE MATERIALS from The swim-and-sink behaviour of copepods: a revisit to mechanical power requirement and a new hypothesis on function
Creators: name: Jiang, Houshuo
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Animal Behaviour

description: Many copepods display a swim-and-sink behaviour, which is not energetically efficient but likely aids in perceiving and capturing diatom chains. Here, computational fluid dynamics was employed to calculate the mechanical power required by a negatively buoyant, self-propelled copepod in swim-and-sink versus hovering. The results show that upward swim-and-sink about a fixed depth always demands more power than hovering. Subsequently, high-speed microscale imaging was employed to observe the copepod Centropages sp. in swim-and-sink, specifically its encounter and handling of diatom chains for capture, along with the measured alternating swimming and sinking currents imposed by the swim-and-sink copepod. The findings suggest that during upward swimming, the copepod uses its swimming current to scan the fluid for detecting embedded diatom chains, presumably through chemoreception. Once a diatom chain is perceived, the copepod sinks and uses its sinking current to manipulate the orientation of the diatom chain before swimming upward to capture it. Overall, these results propose a hypothesis that swim-and-sink is an innate behaviour that assists copepods in perceiving and manoeuvring diatom chains for capture. In contrast to near-spherical algae, diatom chains predominately exhibit a horizontal orientation in the ocean, necessitating vertically oriented copepods to possess a handling behaviour that manoeuvres diatom chains for capture.
Additional file 1 of Activity-based chemical proteomics reveals caffeic acid ameliorates pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures by covalently targeting aconitate decarboxylase 1
Creators: name: Li, Guanjun
name: Huang, Ling
name: Gu, Di
name: Wang, Peili
name: Yi, Letai
name: Kuang, Wenhua
name: Zhang, Ying
name: Zhang, Junzhe
name: Liu, Dandan
name: Shi, Qiaoli
name: Tang, Huan
name: Sun, Jichao
name: Zeng, Guohua
name: Peng, Xin
name: Wang, Jigang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Supplementary Material 1
Development of a theoretical model for the inhibition of nsP3 of Chikungunya virus using pyranooxazoles
Creators: name: Kumar, Durgesh
name: Kumari, Kamlesh
name: Jayaraj, Abhilash
name: Singh, Prashant
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) and till date no effective medicine for its cure is available in market. Different research groups find various possible interactions between small molecules and non-structural proteins, viz. nsP3, one of the most important viral elements in CHIKV. In this work, authors have studied the interactions of nsP3 of CHIKV with pyranooxazoles. Initially, a one-pot three-component reaction was designed using oxazolidine-2,4-dione, benzaldehyde and cyanoethylacetate to get a proposed biological active molecule, i.e. based on pyranooxazoles. The mechanism for the synthesis of the product based on pyranooxazole was studied through density functional theory (DFT) using Gaussian. Then, a library of the obtained pyranooxazole was created through computational tools by varying the substituents. Further, virtual screening of the designed library of pyranooxazoles (200 compounds) against nsP3 of CHIKV was performed. Herein, CMPD 104 showed strongest binding affinity toward the targeted nsP3 of CHIKV, based on the least binding energy obtained from docking. Based on docking results, the pharmacological, toxicity, biological score and Lipinski’s filters were studied. Further, DFT studies of top five compounds were done using Gaussian. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of nsP3 of CHIKV with and without 104 was performed using AMBER18 utilizing ff14SB force field in three steps (minimization, equilibration and production). This work is emphasized to designing of one-pot three-component synthesis and to develop a theoretical model to inhibit the nsP3 of CHIKV. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Molecular insight into conformational transformation of human glucokinase: conventional and targeted molecular dynamics
Creators: name: Ermakova, Elena
name: Kurbanov, Rauf
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Glucokinase (GK) plays a key role in the regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism. An unusual mechanism of positive cooperativity of monomeric GK containing only a single binding site for glucose is very interesting and still unclear. The activation process of GK is associated with a large-scale conformational change from the inactive to the active state. Here, conventional and targeted molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the conformational dynamics of GK in the stable configurations and in the transition from active to inactive state. Three phases of the structural reorganization of GK were detected. The first step is a transformation of GK from the active state to the intermediate structure, where the cleft between the domains is open, but alpha helix 13 is still inside the small domain. From this point, there are two alternative paths. One path leads to the inactive state through the release of helix 13 from the inside of small domain to the outside. Other path goes back to the active state. Simulation results reveal the critical role of helix 13 in the transformation of GK from the open state to inactive one and the influence of the loop 2 on the protein transformation between the open and the closed active states. Principal component analysis and covariance matrix analysis were carried out to analyze the dynamics of protein. Importance of hydrogen bonds in the stability of the closed conformation is shown. Overall, our simulations provide new information about the dynamics of GK and its structural transformation. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma