Ceratonereis nancyae Conde-Vela 2021, n. sp.
Creators: name: Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Phyllodocida
Nereididae
Ceratonereis
Ceratonereis nancyae

description: <i>Ceratonereis nancyae</i> n. sp. Figures 2B, D; 13–16 <i>Ceratonereis mirabilis</i> Hartman 1948: 71 (<i>partim, non</i> Kinberg, 1865). Perkins 1980: 4–11, figs 1–4 (<i>partim, non</i> Kinberg, 1865). Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Jiménez-Cueto 1997: 363–365, figs 5, 20, 21, 42, 44 (<i>non</i> Kinberg, 1865) <i>Ceratonereis</i> (<i>Ceratonereis</i>) <i>mirabilis</i> Hartmann-Schröder 1985: 43, fig. 23 (<i>non</i> Kinberg, 1865). <b>Type material. Caribbean Sea,</b> <b>Mexico.</b> Holotype ECOSUR 0248, Buenavista, Quintana Roo (18°30’42’’N 87°45’30”W), 1 m depth, 27 September 1996, Coll. S.I. Salazar-Vallejo, L.F. Carrera-Parra. Paratype ECOSUR 0249, Punta Allen, Quintana Roo (19°47’58’’ N 87°28’29’’W), 11 June 1986, Coll. F.E. Donath. <b>Additional material. Northwestern Atlantic Ocean,</b> <b>Bahamas.</b> ECOSUR P3110 (1), R / V Pillsbury, Cruise 7106, Sta. 1431 (21°41’N 73°51’W), Hogsty Reef, Bahamas, 27 m depth, 22 July 1971. <b>Gulf of Mexico,</b> <b>Mexico.</b> ECOSUR P1204 (2), Sabancuy, Campeche (19°10’N 91°39.9’W), 28 August 1984, Coll. E. Escobar. <b>Caribbean Sea</b> <b>,</b> <b>Mexico.</b> ECOSUR P1118 (14), Buenavista, Quintana Roo (18°30’42’’N 87°45’30”W), 1 m depth, 27 September 1996, Coll. S.I. Salazar-Vallejo, L.F. Carrera-Parra. ECOSUR P1151 (7), Xahuayxol, Quintana Roo (18°33’30”N 87°44’02”W), 27 September 1996, Coll. S.I. Salazar-Vallejo, L.F. Carrera-Parra. ECOSUR P1152 (6 males), R / V Edwin Link, Sta. 2774 (18°45.63’N 87°15.84’W), Banco Chinchorro, Quintana Roo, 51.8 m depth, 20 August 1990. ECOSUR P1153 (5), Punta Herradura, Quintana Roo (18°34’59.61”N 87°44’14.50”W), 28 September 1996, Coll. S.I. Salazar-Vallejo, L.F. Carrera-Parra. ECOSUR P1154 (4 males), R / V Edwin Link, Sta. 2782 (18°34.41’N 87°26.81’W), Banco Chinchorro, Quintana Roo, 274.3 m depth, 23 August 1990. ECOSUR P1156 (2 males), R / V Edwin Link, Sta. 2775 (18°45.46’N 87°15.75’W), Chichorro Bank, Quintana Roo, 86 m depth, 20 August 1990. ECOSUR P1160 (1), R / V Edwin Link, Sta. 2777 (18°26.02’N 87°18.82’W) Banco Chinchorro, Quintana Roo, 66.4 m depth, 21 August 1990. ECOSUR P3194 (1), Cayo Norte, Banco Chinchorro, Quintana Roo, May 1998. <b>Jamaica.</b> UMML 22.1150 (1), R / V Pillsbury, Cruise 7006, Sta. 1195 (17°24’N 76°02’W), SE Jamaica, 14 m depth, 3 July 1970. UMML 22.1149 (1), R / V Pillsbury, Cruise 7006, Sta. 1217 (17°33’N 77°13’W), S Jamaica, 27 m depth, 6 July 1970. UMML 22.1162 (1), R / V Pillsbury, Cruise 7006, Sta. 1230 (17°52’N 77°58’W), SW Jamaica, 31 m depth, 7 July 1970. UMML 22.1151 (1), R / V Pillsbury, Cruise 7006, Sta. 1233 (17°60’N 78°05’W), SW Jamaica, 21 m depth, 7 July 1970. UMML 22.1152 (1), R / V Pillsbury, Cruise 7006, Sta. 1258 (17°03’N 78°10’W), Pedro Bank, 15 m depth, 15 July 1970. UMML 22.1153 (1), R / V Pillsbury, Cruise 7006, Sta. 1259 (17°04’N 77°55’W), S Jamaica, 11 m depth, 15 July 1970. UMML 22.1165 (1), R / V Pillsbury, Cruise 7006, Sta. 1196 (17°28’N 75°57’W), SE Jamaica, 26 m depth, 3 July 1970. ECOSUR P3111 (3), R / V Pillsbury, Cruise 7006, Sta. 1250 (17°20’N 78°48’W), SW Jamaica, 24 m depth, 14 July 1970. <b>Antigua and Barbuda.</b> UMML 22.1154 (1), R / V Pillsbury, Cruise 6907, Sta. 966 (17°08’N 62°03’W), NW Antigua, 18 m depth, 20 July 1969. UMML 22.1155 (7), R / V Pillsbury, Cruise 6802, Sta. 975 (17°29’N 61°55’W), SW Barbuda, Lesser Antilles, 29 m depth, 21 July 1969. UMML 22.1156 (1), R / V Pillsbury, Cruise 6907, Sta. 967 (17°16’N 62°02’W), NW Antigua, 22 m depth, 20 July 1969. ECOSUR P3112 (2), R / V Pillsbury, Cruise 6806, Sta. 968 (17°18’N 61°52’W), N Antigua, Lesser Antilles, 18 m depth, 20 July 1969. <b>Saint-Barthélemy.</b> UMML 22.1179 (1), R / V Pillsbury, Cruise 6907, Sta. 981 (18°01’N 62°55’W), Saint-Barthélemy Channel, Lesser Antilles, 22 m depth, 22 July 1969. UMML 22.1157 (1), R / V Pillsbury, Cruise 6806, Sta. 979 (17°51’N 62°39’W), ESE Saint-Barthélemy, Lesser Antilles, 37 m depth, 22 July 1969. <b>Anguilla.</b> UMML 22.1158 (1), R / V Pillsbury, Cruise 6907, Sta. 983 (18°20’N 62°38’W), S Anguilla Valley, Lesser Antilles, 49 m depth, 22 July 1969. <b>St. Kitts and Nevis.</b> ECOSUR P3113 (2) R / V Pillsbury, Cruise 6802, Sta. 955 (17°04’N 62°34’W), S Nevis, Lesser Antilles, 11 m depth, 19 July 1969. UMML 22.1159 (8), R / V Pillsbury, Cruise 6907, Sta. 961 (17°27’N 62°51’W), NW St. Kitts, Lesser Antilles, 11 m depth, 19 July 1969. <b>Guadeloupe.</b> UMML 22.1160 (1), R / V Pillsbury, Cruise 6907, Sta. 939 (16°22’N 61°09’W), NW La Désirade, Lesser Antilles, 95 m depth, 16 July 1969. <b>Caribbean Netherlands.</b> UMML 22.1161 (2), R / V Pillsbury, Cruise 6907, Sta. 965 (17°26’N 63°23’W), Saba Bank, 24 m depth, 20 July 1969. <b>Type locality.</b> Buenavista, Quintana Roo, Mexico (18°30’42’’N 87°45’30”W). <b>Etymology.</b> Named after the late Nancy Voss (UMML), an eminent cephalopod researcher and marine biologist, for making available a large number of specimens for this study. <b>Description of atoke.</b> Holotype (ECOSUR 0248) complete, in good condition, 18.5 mm long, 0.9 mm wide at chaetiger 10 excluding parapodia, 65 chaetigers (Fig. 13A). Paratype (ECOSUR 0249) incomplete, 21 mm long, 1.5 mm wide at chaetiger 10 excluding parapodia, 44 chaetigers. Non-type specimens used to illustrate pharynx; one specimen 4 mm long, 1 mm wide, 17 chaetigers (ECOSUR P3112); another specimen 9 mm long, 1 mm wide, 33 chaetigers (ECOSUR P3113). Body whitish or pale, glandular masses or pigmentation not observed (Fig. 13A–C). Prostomium 1.5x longer than wide, subpentagonal, anterior margin deeply incised, dorsal groove present (Fig. 13C–E). Antennae subulate, 1.6x longer than prostomium, shorter than palps (Fig. 13C–E). Palpophores subcylindrical or digitiform, 1.5x longer than prostomium; tips of palpostyles subpyriform (Fig. 13D–E). Eyes rounded, subequal, in trapezoidal arrangement, blackish, slightly wider than basal diameter of antennae, lenses not visible, posterior pair not covered by achaetous ring (Fig. 13C–E). Achaetous ring shorter than chaetiger 1, anterior margin convex (Fig. 13C–E). Tentacular cirri smooth, posterodorsal cirri extending backwards to chaetigers 13–14 (Fig. 13A, C–D). Pharynx examined by dissection in holotype (Fig. 13A, C), everted in non-type specimen (Fig. 13D–E). Jaws amber, 4 teeth restricted to first third of cutting edge and 4 ensheathed (Fig. 14Q). Maxillary ring cylindrical, oral ring frustum-shaped, twice longer and 1.7x wider than maxillary ring (Fig. 13D–E). Maxillary ring: I= 0; IIa= 9 and IIb= 10 cones in arc; III= 5 cones in round; IVa= 8 and IVb= 9 cones in round (Fig. 13D–E). Oral ring: V= 0; VIa-b= 1 slightly lamelliform papilla; VII–VIII= 0 (Fig. 13D–E). Ridge pattern of areas VI–V–VI, λ-shaped. Paired oesophageal caeca absent. Dorsal cirri filiform, progressively relatively longer; 2.8x longer than neuroacicular ligule in chaetiger 2, 5x longer in chaetiger 8, 10.2x longer in chaetiger 17, 6x longer in chaetiger 39, 8.3x longer in chaetiger 57 (Fig. 14A–J). Dorsal ligule subulate or subconical, progressively shorter toward posterior chaetigers, present throughout; 1.2x longer than neuroacicular ligule in chaetiger 8, 0.6x length in chaetiger 17, 0.2x length in chaetiger 39, 0.2x length in chaetiger 57 (Figs 2B, D; 14A–J). Notopodial prechaetal lobe absent throughout (Figs 2B, D; 14A–J). Median ligule subconical, progressively shorter toward posterior chaetigers; 0.8x length than neuroacicular ligule in chaetiger 8, 0.7x length in chaetiger 17, 0.9x length in chaetiger 39, 1.2x longer in chaetiger 57 (Figs 2B, D; 14A–J). Neuroacicular ligule subconical throughout, progressively relatively shorter toward posterior chaetigers. Neuropodial superior and inferior lobes absent (Figs 2B, D; 14A–J). Neuropodial postchaetal digitiform in most anterior chaetigers, becoming lamelliform and shorter than neuroacicular ligules thereafter (Fig. 2B, D), disappearing toward most posterior chaetigers. Ventral ligule digitiform throughout, progressively shorter toward posterior chaetigers; 1.2x longer than neuroacicular ligule in chaetiger 2, 0.7x length in chaetiger 8, 0.6x length in chaetiger 17, 0.3x length in chaetiger 39, 0.4x length in chaetiger 57 (Figs 2B, D; 14A–J). Ventral cirrus filiform, not extending beyond tip of neuroacicular ligule; twice longer than neuroacicular ligule in chaetiger 2, 1.5x longer in chaetiger 8, 1.5x longer in chaetiger 17, 1.3x longer in chaetiger 39, 1.8x longer in chaetiger 57 (Fig. 14A–J). Aciculae amber throughout. Notoaciculae present in first two chaetigers (Fig. 14A, F). Notoaciculae narrower than neuroaciculae in anterior chaetigers, becoming as wide as in following chaetigers (Fig. 14A–J). Notochaetae both short-bossed heterogomph spinigers and falcigers; spinigers in all chaetigers, pectinate, teeth minute, decreasing in size toward tip; falcigers appearing from chaetigers 15–17, pectinate, teeth coarse, distal teeth barely extending beyond blade tip, blade tip with a distal tooth, giving a bifid appearance (Fig. 14K–L), shaft becoming slightly stouter toward posterior chaetigers (Fig. 14K–L). Supracicular neurochaetae short-bossed heterogomph spinigers and long-bossed heterogomph falcigers; spinigers with blades as in notopodial ones; falcigers pectinate, basal teeth minute and increasing in size toward distal blade, distal teeth rarely extending beyond blade tip, blade tip rounded along first 15–16 chaetigers, with a distal tooth and bifid appearance thereafter, blades becoming narrower toward posterior chaetigers (Fig. 14N). Infracicular neurochaetae both long-bossed heterogomph spinigers and falcigers; spinigers with blades as in notopodial ones; falcigers pectinate, basal teeth minute and increasing in size toward distal blade (Fig. 14O–P), distal teeth rarely extending beyond blade tip, blade tip rounded along first 15–16 chaetigers, with a distal tooth and bifid appearance thereafter, distal tooth poorly developed and sometimes distal tip almost rounded (Fig. 14O–P), blades longer in anterior chaetigers (Fig. 14M) and becoming shorter toward posterior ones (Fig. 14O–P), blades becoming narrower toward posterior chaetigers (Fig. 14O), uppermost falcigers with longer and wider blades than lowermost ones. Pygidium tripartite (Fig. 13B); anal cirri missing in holotype (Fig. 13B). <b>Description of male epitoke.</b> Non-type male (ECOSUR P1152) complete, 6.2 mm long, 0.5 mm wide at chaetiger 10 excluding parapodia, 56 chaetigers (Fig. 15A). Another non-type male (ECOSUR P1156) incomplete, 5.8 mm long, 1 mm wide at chaetiger 10 excluding parapodia, 29 chaetigers (Fig. 15B). Body pale or yellowish, pigmentation absent (Fig. 15A–B). Prostomium 1.4x–1.7x wider than long, subpentagonal, anterior margin deeply incised, dorsal groove present (Fig. 15A–B, D–E). Antennae subulate, as long as prostomium, not extending beyond palps (Fig. 15A–B, D–E). Eyes rounded, subequal, in trapezoidal arrangement, anterior and posterior pair overlapped, blackish, twice wider than basal diameter of antennae, lenses visible, posterior not covered by achaetous ring (Fig. 15A–B, D–E). Achaetous ring as long as chaetiger 1, anterior margin convex (Fig. 15A–B, D–E). Tentacular cirri smooth (Fig. 15B), posterodorsal cirri extending backwards to chaetigers 14–15 (Fig. 15B). Pharynx dissected. Shape and size of both maxillary and oral rings difficult to interpret since the pharynx was not everted. Maxillary ring: I=0; IIa= 10 and IIb= 12 cones in arc, III= 6 cones in round, IVa= 11 and IVb= 12 cones in ellipse. Oral ring: V=0; VIa-b= 1 rounded papilla, VII-VIII=0. Ridge pattern of areas VI–V–VI, λ-shaped. Paired oesophageal caeca absent. Body divided into three regions: 1) pre-natatory region includes chaetigers 1–15 (15–16), 2) natatory region includes chaetigers 16–36 (36–37), 3) caudal region from chaetiger 37 (37–38) to end of body (Fig. 15A). Pre-natatory region with parapodia resembling atokous ones (Fig. 16A–B, D). Dorsal cirrus basally slightly swollen in anterior chaetigers and becoming filiform toward posterior chaetigers; 4.5x longer than neuroacicular ligule in chaetiger 2, 6x longer in chaetiger 3, 5.5x longer in chaetiger 7 (Fig. 16A–B, D). Dorsal ligule digitiform, progressively relatively longer toward middle chaetigers; 1.2x longer than neuroacicular ligule in chaetiger 3, 1.6x longer in chaetiger 7 (Fig. 16B, D). Notopodial prechaetal lobe absent (Fig. 16A–B, D). Median ligule subconical, progressively relatively longer toward middle chaetigers; 1.5x longer than neuroacicular ligule in chaetiger 3, 1.8x longer in chaetiger 7(Fig. 16A–B, D). Neuroacicular ligule subconical, progressively relatively longer toward middle chaetigers (Fig. 16A–B, D). Neuropodial inferior lobe digitiform in anterior chaetigers, absent toward posterior ones (Fig. 16A–B, D). Neuropodial postchaetal lobe digitiform in anterior chaetigers, lamelliform and shorter than neuroacicular ligule thereafter. Ventral ligule subconical, 2.3x longer than neuroacicular ligule in first two chaetigers, 1.5x longer in chaetiger 3, as long as in chaetiger 7 (Fig. 16A–B, D). Ventral cirrus basally swollen in anterior chaetigers and becoming filiform toward posterior chaetigers; 4x longer than neuroacicular ligule in chaetiger 2, 2.5x longer in chaetiger 7 (Fig. 16A, D). Natatory region with dorsal cirrus filiform, crenulations absent; twice longer than neuroacicular ligule throughout (Fig. 16E–F). Dorsal ligule obovate; 0.3x length of neuroacicular ligule in anterior chaetigers, 0.2x length thereafter (Fig. 16E–F). Notopodial prechaetal lobe rounded, lamelliform; 0.6x length of neuroacicular ligule in anterior chaetigers, 0.8x length thereafter (Fig. 16E–F). Median ligule subconical, 1.2x longer than neuroacicular ligule in anterior chaetigers, 1.4x longer thereafter (Fig. 16E–F). Neuroacicular ligule subconical, progressively relatively shorter toward posterior chaetigers, distally flattened (Fig. 16E–F). Neuropodial superior and inferior lobes absent (Fig. 16E–F). Neuropodial postchaetal lobe transformed into flabelliform ventral lamella, 1.8x longer than neuroacicular ligule in anterior chaetigers, as long as toward posterior chaetigers (Fig. 16E–F), reaching and fusing with ventral ligule (Fig. 16E–F). Ventral ligule rounded; 0.3x length of neuroacicular ligule throughout (Fig. 16E–F). Ventral cirrus filiform; 0.7x length of neuroacicular ligule in anterior chaetigers, as long as toward posterior ones (Fig. 16E–F); upper and lower lamella appearing in anterior chaetigers and disappearing toward posterior ones, upper and lower ones obovate and subequal (Fig. 16F). Caudal region with parapodia resembling atokous ones (Fig. 16C). Dorsal cirrus filiform, 12x longer than neuroacicular ligule (Fig. 16C). Dorsal ligule absent (Fig. 16C). Medial ligule subconical, progressively relatively shorter toward posterior chaetigers; 1.4x longer than neuroacicular ligule (Fig. 16C). Neuroacicular ligule subconical, mucronate (Fig. 16C), progressively relatively shorter toward posterior chaetigers. Ventral ligule digitiform, 0.2x length of neuroacicular ligule (Fig. 16C). Ventral cirrus filiform, extending beyond tip of neuroaciculae; 2.5x longer than neuroacicular ligule (Fig. 16C). Aciculae amber throughout. Notoaciculae present in first two chaetigers (Fig. 16A). Notoaciculae narrower than neuroaciculae in anterior chaetigers, becoming as wide as in following chaetigers (Fig. 16A–E). Both noto- and neurochaetae resembling atokous ones in pre-natatory region, replaced with paddle-like, shortbossed heterogomph chaetae in natatory region. Caudal region lacks chaetae excepting aciculae. Pygidium with four rounded lobes, each one with a small lamella; anal cirri absent (Fig. 15C). <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Ceratonereis nancyae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> closely resembles <i>C. mirabilis</i>, mainly in prostomial and chaetal features, but they differ in the following parapodial features: 1) in <i>C. nancyae</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, the jaws are narrower than in <i>C. mirabilis</i>; 2) in <i>C. nancyae</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, ventral ligules of chaetigers 10–13 are shorter than neuroacicular ligules, whereas in <i>C. mirabilis</i> they are longer; 3) in <i>C. nancyae</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, both median ligules and ventral cirri from chaetigers 23–25 are shorter than neuroacicular ligules, whereas in <i>C. mirabilis</i> they are longer; 4) in <i>C. nancyae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> ventral cirri does not surpass neuroacicular ligules throughout body, whereas in <i>C. mirabilis</i> they extend beyond in posterior chaetigers. Records of <i>C. mirabilis</i> by Liñero-Arana &amp; Díaz-Díaz (2007) from Venezuela more closely resembles <i>C. nancyae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> than <i>C. mirabilis</i>, but they differ in the following features: 1) in specimens from Venezuela, longest tentacular cirri reach chaetiger 6, whereas in <i>C. nancyae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> they reach 13–14; 2) in specimens from Venezuela, anterodorsal tentacular cirri are subequal to posterodorsal ones, whereas in <i>C. nancyae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> they are longer; 3) in specimens from Venezuela, dorsal ligules in chaetiger 25 are as long as median ligules, whereas in <i>C. nancyae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> they are much shorter; 4) in specimens from Venezuela, palps are as long as prostomium and antenna are shorter than prostomium, whereas in <i>C. nancyae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> they are longer. Based on these differences, Venezuelan specimens likely belong to an undescribed species, requiring further examination of specimens. <b>Distribution.</b> Caribbean Sea.
description: Published as part of <i>Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel, 2021, Revision of Ceratonereis Kinberg, 1865 recorded from the Caribbean Sea, with description of two new Ceratonereis species and a new combination of Platynereis Kinberg, 1865, pp. 301-343 in Zootaxa 5026 (3)</i> on pages 323-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5026.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5298277
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