cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effects of an Advocacy Trial on Food Industry Salt Reduction Efforts—An Interim Process Evaluation
Creators: name: Dunford, Elizabeth K.
name: Neal, Bruce
name: Trevena, Helen
name: Petersen, Kristina
name: Thow, Anne Marie
name: Wu, Jason H. Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The decisions made by food companies are a potent factor shaping the nutritional quality of the food supply. A number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) advocate for corporate action to reduce salt levels in foods, but few data define the effectiveness of advocacy. This present report describes the process evaluation of an advocacy intervention delivered by one Australian NGO directly to food companies to reduce the salt content of processed foods. Food companies were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 22) or control (n = 23) groups. Intervention group companies were exposed to pre-planned and opportunistic communications, and control companies to background activities. Seven pre-defined interim outcome measures provided an indication of the effect of the intervention and were assessed using intention-to-treat analysis. These were supplemented by qualitative data from nine semi-structured interviews. The mean number of public communications supporting healthy food made by intervention companies was 1.5 versus 1.8 for control companies (p = 0.63). Other outcomes, including the mean number of news articles, comments and reports (1.2 vs. 1.4; p = 0.72), a published nutrition policy (23% vs. 44%; p = 0.21), public commitment to the Australian government’s Food and Health Dialogue (FHD) (41% vs. 61%; p = 0.24), evidence of a salt reduction plan (23% vs. 30%; p = 0.56), and mean number of communications with the NGO (15 vs. 11; p = 0.28) were also not significantly different. Qualitative data indicated the advocacy trial had little effect. The absence of detectable effects of the advocacy intervention on the interim markers indicates there may be no impact of the NGO advocacy trial on the primary outcome of salt reduction in processed foods.
Population dynamics of Leucadendron gandogeri, Grabouw, site 3418BD/12
Creators: name: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Centre
Population dynamics
Leucadendron gandogeri
Grabouw

description: This is a scanned copy of a document on the Population dynamics of Leucadendron gandogeri, Grabouw, site 3418BD/12. The Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center (part of the former South African Forestry Research Institute) was established in 1935 at Jonkershoek, near Stellenbosch, under the directorship of Dr C. L. Wicht. The initial aim was to determine how forestry activities in state plantations would affect climate, water conservation and erosion, and was later expanded to include studies of fynbos ecology, fire and alien species. Studies from the 1930s to the early 1990s saw the accumulation of a large amount of data dealing with fire experiments, detailed vegetation plot surveys, rare plant surveys and ecological studies, hydrological studies and the development of management plans for catchments around the Western Cape.  SAEON now houses the archive of data collected by the Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center, which was originally held by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).
Effects of Different Types of Front-of-Pack Labelling Information on the Healthiness of Food Purchases—A Randomised Controlled Trial
Creators: name: Sacks, Gary
name: Pettigrew, Simone
name: Greenland, Rohan
name: Li, Nicole
name: Gao, Annie
name: Dunford, Elizabeth
name: Mhurchu, Cliona Ni
name: Wu, Jason H. Y.
name: Webster, Jacqui
name: Crino, Michelle
name: Neal, Bruce
name: Ngai, Judith
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Background: Front-of-pack nutrition labelling may support healthier packaged food purchases. Australia has adopted a novel Health Star Rating (HSR) system, but the legitimacy of this choice is unknown. Objective: To define the effects of different formats of front-of-pack labelling on the healthiness of food purchases and consumer perceptions. Design: Individuals were assigned at random to access one of four different formats of nutrition labelling—HSR, multiple traffic light labels (MTL), daily intake guides (DIG), recommendations/warnings (WARN)—or control (the nutrition information panel, NIP). Participants accessed nutrition information by using a smartphone application to scan the bar-codes of packaged foods, while shopping. The primary outcome was healthiness defined by the mean transformed nutrient profile score of packaged foods that were purchased over four weeks. Results: The 1578 participants, mean age 38 years, 84% female recorded purchases of 148,727 evaluable food items. The mean healthiness of the purchases in the HSR group was non-inferior to MTL, DIG, or WARN (all p < 0.001 at 2% non-inferiority margin). When compared to the NIP control, there was no difference in the mean healthiness of purchases for HSR, MTL, or DIG (all p > 0.07), but WARN resulted in healthier packaged food purchases (mean difference 0.87; 95% confidence interval 0.03 to 1.72; p = 0.04). HSR was perceived by participants as more useful than DIG, and easier to understand than MTL or DIG (all p < 0.05). Participants also reported the HSR to be easier to understand, and the HSR and MTL to be more useful, than NIP (all p < 0.03). Conclusions: These real-world data align with experimental findings and provide support for the policy choice of HSR. Recommendation/warning labels warrant further exploration, as they may be a stronger driver of healthy food purchases.
The X-ray through Optical Fluxes and Line Strengths of Tidal Disruption Events
Creators: name: Roth, Nathaniel
name: Kasen, Daniel
name: Guillochon, James
name: Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of luminous flares resulting from the possible tidal disruption of stars by supermassive black holes have raised a number of puzzles. Outstanding questions include the origin of the optical and ultraviolet (UV) flux, the weakness of hydrogen lines in the spectrum, and the occasional simultaneous observation of x-rays. Here we study the emission from tidal disruption events (TDEs) produced as radiation from black hole accretion propagates through an extended, optically thick envelope formed from stellar debris. We analytically describe key physics controlling spectrum formation, and present detailed radiative transfer calculations that model the spectral energy distribution (SED) and optical line strengths of TDEs near peak brightness. The steady-state transfer is coupled to a non local thermodynamic equilibrium treatment of the excitation and ionization states of hydrogen, helium and oxygen (as a representative metal). Our calculations show how an extended envelope can reprocess a fraction of soft x-rays and produce the observed optical fluxes of order 10^43 ergs per second. Variations in the mass or size of the envelope may help explain how the optical flux changes over time with roughly constant color. For high enough accretion luminosities, x-rays can highly ionize the reprocessing region and escape to be observed simultaneously with the optical flux, producing an SED not described by a single blackbody. Due to optical depth effects, hydrogen Balmer line emission is often strongly suppressed relative to helium line emission (with HeII-to-H line ratios of at least 5:1 in some cases) even in the disruption of a solar-composition star. We discuss the implications of our results to understanding the type of stars destroyed in TDEs and the physical processes responsible for producing the observed flares.
description: Updated to match version accepted to ApJ
title: Making a case for mainstreaming environmental justice concerns in the mission of the Catholic Church in Sierra Leone in light of Laudato Si’
Creators: name: Sowa, Robert Michael
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2023

description: Recent research indicates that there is an increasing acknowledgement of the role of religious communities in promoting environmental care and sustainability. However, on the African continent, concern for the environment has had much less traction amongst the continent’s religious traditions, despite the continent being one of the world’s most vulnerable areas to the ecological crisis. With regards to the African Catholic Church, many have wondered aloud, since the ecological crisis poses immediate and enduring threats to the African continent, why the issue has not commanded decisive attention in the vast majority of the local churches of Africa. I would ask this question more pointedly: Why has the environmental question not gained much traction in the African Catholic Church – a church that prioritises the image of church as a ‘family of God’ and works within the framework of the church at the service of ‘reconciliation, justice and peace’? Both the model of Church as a ‘family of God’ and the missionary framework of the church at the service of reconciliation, justice, and peace’ emphasise the intricate link between the well-being of the human community and the well-being of the environment. This research thesis seeks to assess environmental justice concerns or the lack thereof in the pastoral priorities of the Catholic Church in Sierra Leone and to argue for the integration of environmental concern and care in its mission. Through critical engagement with Pope Francis’ landmark encyclical, On the Care of our Common Home – Laudato Si’ (2015) in concert with an analysis of my empirical research that I carried out in the four dioceses comprising the Catholic Church in Sierra Leone on the current state of Catholic Church’s engagement with environmental justice issues, I make the case that the environmental challenge confronting Sierra Leone is not only a socio-economic and political problem, but also a moral and spiritual problem that requires an urgent pastoral response from the Catholic Church and by extension other religious communities in the country. I argue that Pope Francis’ encyclical, Laudato Si’ offers a rare opportunity for the Catholic Church in Sierra Leone to reprise its prophetic role and respond to the cry of the earth together with the cry of the poor. In line with the goal of Pope Francis’ Laudato Si’, namely the cultivation of ecological virtues, I will propose that if the Catholic Church in Sierra Leone is to effectively engage with environmental justice issues, it should seek to re-enhance and promote ecological awareness, ecological conversion and environmental sustainability practices in Catholic institutions – parishes, schools, development agencies – and in its outward engagements in ecumenical and interfaith spaces, with governmental and non-governmental agencies, and civil society groups.
Appendix from Hamiltonian formulation of the stochastic surface wave problem
Creators: name: Dinvay, Evgueni
name: Mémin, Etienne
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 91504 Fluidisation and Fluid Mechanics
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: 10299 Applied Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 10599 Mathematical Physics not elsewhere classified

description: We devise a stochastic Hamiltonian formulation of the water wave problem. This stochastic representation is built within the framework of the modelling under location uncertainty. Starting from restriction to the free surface of the general stochastic fluid motion equations, we show how one can naturally deduce Hamiltonian structure under a small noise assumption. Moreover, as in the classical water wave theory, the non-local Dirichlet–Neumann operator appears explicitly in the energy functional. This, in particular, allows us, in the same way as in deterministic setting, to conduct systematic approximations of the Dirichlet–Neumann operator and to infer different simplified wave models including noise in a natural way.
Emerging Disparities in Dietary Sodium Intake from Snacking in the US Population
Creators: name: Poti, Jennifer M.
name: Popkin, Barry M.
name: Dunford, Elizabeth K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Background: The US population consumes dietary sodium well in excess of recommended levels. It is unknown how the contribution of snack foods to sodium intake has changed over time, and whether disparities exist within specific subgroups of the US population. Objective: To examine short and long term trends in the contribution of snack food sources to dietary sodium intake for US adults and children over a 37-year period from 1977 to 2014. Methods: We used data collected from eight nationally representative surveys of food intake in 50,052 US children aged 2–18 years, and 73,179 adults aged 19+ years between 1977 and 2014. Overall, patterns of snack food consumption, trends in sodium intake from snack food sources and trends in food and beverage sources of sodium from snack foods across race-ethnic, age, gender, body mass index, household education and income groups were examined. Results: In all socio-demographic subgroups there was a significant increase in both per capita sodium intake, and the proportion of sodium intake derived from snacks from 1977–1978 to 2011–2014 (p < 0.01). Those with the lowest household education, Non-Hispanic Black race-ethnicity, and the lowest income had the largest increase in sodium intake from snacks. While in 1977–1978 Non-Hispanic Blacks had a lower sodium intake from snacks compared to Non-Hispanic Whites (p < 0.01), in 2011–2014 they had a significantly higher intake. Conclusions: Important disparities are emerging in dietary sodium intake from snack sources in Non-Hispanic Blacks. Our findings have implications for future policy interventions targeting specific US population subgroups.
Supplementary documentation for SAEON's field instrument data collected at the SODWANA BAY LODGE station
Creators: name: South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) Grasslands-Forests-Wetlands Node
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: SAEON field instruments
Standard Operating Procedures
Calibration
Sodwana
Hydrological
Pressure transducer
Ground Water level

description: This package contains supporting information for the hydrological data collected at SODWANA's BAY LODGE station, as part of the South African Environmental Observation Network's monitoring projects.
Supplementary documentation for SAEON's field instrument data collected at the SIBHAYI CF01A__ltc station
Creators: name: South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) Grasslands-Forests-Wetlands Node
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: SAEON field instruments
Standard Operating Procedures
Calibration
Sibhayi
Hydrological
Pressure transducer
Ground Water level
conductivity

description: This package contains supporting information for the hydrological data collected at SIBHAYI's CF01A__ltc station, as part of the South African Environmental Observation Network's monitoring projects.
The formation of compact massive relic galaxies in MOND
Creators: name: Eappen, Robin
name: Kroupa, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compact massive relic galaxies are a class of galaxies that exhibit characteristics suggesting they have remained largely unchanged since their initial formation, making them 'relics' of the early universe. These galaxies represent a distinct class characterized by strongly peaked high-velocity dispersion profiles with large rotational velocities. This study investigates the formation of such galaxies within the framework of Milgromian Dynamics (MOND), offering a unique perspective on their origin without invoking the presence of cold or warm dark matter. Our analysis focuses on the collapse dynamics of isolated non-rotating post-Big-Bang gas clouds, revealing kinematic and density profiles comparable to observed compact massive relic galaxies like NGC 1277, Mrk 1216, and PGC 032873. The findings underscore the natural emergence of compact massive relic galaxies within a MOND-based Universe, providing valuable insights into the interplay between gravitational dynamics and galaxy formation.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
AuScope Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Collection - FAIR Implementation Profile (FIP)
Creators: name: NCI Australia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: FAIR Implementation Profile
subject: open data
subject: data interoperability
subject: FAIR data
subject: machine-readable
subject: metadata
subject: https://linked.data.gov.au/def/anzsrc-for/2020/461008
subject: https://linked.data.gov.au/def/anzsrc-for/2020/4605
subject: https://linked.data.gov.au/def/anzsrc-for/2020/3706

description: This FAIR Implementation Profile (FIP) describes the AuScope Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Collection published by the National Computational Infrastructure (NCI). It outlines the FAIR implementation choices implemented for each of the FAIR Principles. The FIP was prepared via the FIP Wizard and is available in different human-readable and machine-actionable formats (e.g. CSV, JSON, PDF).
description: The Geophysics 2030 project received co-investment from AuScope and the Australian Research Data Commons (ARDC) to support the data curation at the National Computational Infrastructure (NCI Australia) (https://doi.org/10.47486/XN002). AuScope, the ARDC and NCI Australia are enabled by the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS).
A History of United States Department of Agriculture Water Resource Activities
Creators: name: Buie, Eugene C.
name: Buie, Eugene C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Community/Rural/Urban Development
Environmental Economics and Policy
Land Economics/Use
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Excerpts from the report Preface: This brief history was written to explain how and why the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) became a participant in national water resources development programs. USDA was engaged in water resources management studies before the close of the 19th century. With the establishment of the Soil Conservation Service in 1935 and enactment of the Flood Control Act of 1936, USDA water resources programs were enlarged significantly. The Flood Control Act of 1944 and the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954 added new responsibilities and programs for water resources planning and construction of works of improvement. This historical record provides information for analyzing water resources programs and for shaping appropriate USDA roles in future water management efforts. Fulfilling its broad responsibilities for protection and improving natural resources and for maintaining environmental quality requires USDA's creative, positive, and direct involvement in Federal water resources policies and actions.
Simulation-based Estimation of Mean and Standard Deviation for Meta-analysis via Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC)
Creators: name: Kwon, Deukwoo
name: Reis, Isildinha M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background: When conducting a meta-analysis of a continuous outcome, estimated means and standard deviations from the selected studies are required in order to obtain an overall estimate of the mean effect and its confidence interval. If these quantities are not directly reported in the publications, they need to must be estimated from other reported summary statistics, such as the median, the minimum, the maximum, and quartiles. Methods: We propose a simulation-based estimation approach using the Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) technique for estimating mean and standard deviation based on various sets of summary statistics found in published studies. We conduct a simulation study to compare the proposed ABC method with the existing methods of Hozo et al. (2005), Bland (2015), and Wan et al. (2014). Results: In the estimation of the standard deviation, our ABC method performs best in skewed or heavy-tailed distributions. The average relative error (ARE) approaches zero as sample size increases. In the normal distribution, our ABC performs well. However, the Wan et al. method is best since it is based on the normal distribution assumption. When the distribution is skewed or heavy-tailed, the ARE of Wan et al. moves away from zero even as sample size increases. In the estimation of the mean, our ABC method is best since the AREs converge to zero. Conclusion: ABC is a flexible method for estimating the study-specific mean and standard deviation for meta-analysis, especially with underlying skewed or heavy-tailed distributions. The ABC method can be applied using other reported summary statistics such as the posterior mean and 95% credible interval when Bayesian analysis has been employed.
Eritrichium aktonense Y. S. Lian & J. Q. Wang
Creators: name: Hao, Jia-Chen
name: Liu, Quan-Ru
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Boraginales
Boraginaceae
Eritrichium
Eritrichium aktonense

description: Eritrichium aktonense Y.S.Lian & J.Q.Wang in Wang et al. (1980a: 42)
 Type:— CHINA. Xinjiang: Aketao, from Bulunkou to Taxkorgan, 3580 m, 29 June 1978, Northwest Inst. Bot. Xinjiang Exped. 751 (holotype NWTC- 333228!, isotype NWTC- 333227!).
 Distribution and habitat: — Eritrichium aktonense is rather rare and currently only known from southern Xinjiang (Aketao and Taxkorgan), China. It grows in rock slope and rock crevices at elevation ranges from 3580 to 3876 m.
 Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting from June to September.
 Taxonomic notes: — Eritrichium aktonense can be easily distinguish from E. longifolium by external morphology (eg. procumbent stems and leaf shape) and nutlets without broadly membranous wings. Based on the field observations and literature consulting, we found E. aktonense is more closed to E. subjacquemontii except several slightly differences in nutlets. In addition, an identification key for Eritrichium aktonense, E. longifolium and E. petiolare is also provided for easy and correct identification.
 Additional specimens examined: — CHINA. Xinjiang: Aketao, 18 July 2016, J. C. Hao & Y. Zhou 16802 (BNU!); Taxkorgan, 19 July 2016, J. C. Hao & Y. Zhou 16834 (BNU!).
description: Published as part of Hao, Jia-Chen & Liu, Quan-Ru, 2017, The identity of Eritrichium aktonense and E. longifolium (Boraginaceae), pp. 77-82 in Phytotaxa 328 (1) on pages 81-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.328.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/13722450
NCI Data Catalogue - FAIR Implementation Profile (FIP)
Creators: name: NCI Australia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: FAIR Implementation Profile
subject: open data
subject: data interoperability
subject: FAIR data
subject: machine-readable
subject: metadata
subject: catalogue
subject: GeoNetwork
subject: https://linked.data.gov.au/def/anzsrc-for/2020/461008
subject: https://linked.data.gov.au/def/anzsrc-for/2020/4605
subject: https://linked.data.gov.au/def/anzsrc-for/2020/3706

description: This FAIR Implementation Profile (FIP) describes the NCI Data Catalogue (https://geonetwork.nci.org.au/) published by the National Computational Infrastructure (NCI). It outlines the FAIR implementation choices implemented for each of the FAIR Principles. The FIP was prepared via the FIP Wizard and is available in different human-readable and machine-actionable formats (e.g. CSV, JSON, PDF).
description: The Geophysics 2030 project received co-investment from AuScope and the Australian Research Data Commons (ARDC) to support the data curation at the National Computational Infrastructure (NCI Australia) (https://doi.org/10.47486/XN002). AuScope, the ARDC and NCI Australia are enabled by the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS).
Filaments in the TGBA phase
Creators: name: Lejcek, Lubor
name: Novotna, Vladimira
name: Glogarova, Milada
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model of filaments of the TGBA phase arising from the homeotropic smectic A phase and nucleating on the sample surface is proposed. The model is based on the concept of finite blocks of parallel smectic layers forming a helical structure. The blocks are surrounded by dislocation loops. The model describes the filament structure near the sample surface and explains the observed inclination of the filament axis with respect to the easy direction of the molecular anchoring on the surface. The model is based on the observations of filament textures of the TGBA phase in a new chiral liquid crystalline compound, but can be applied for forming of TGBA filaments in any compound. The compression modulus of the compound has been estimated using such parameters as anchoring energy, estimated from the field necessary to transform the structure into the homeotropic smectic A, and the observed filament width.
description: 9 figures
Supplementary documentation for SAEON's field instrument data collected at the Cathedral Peak 2C station
Creators: name: South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) Grasslands-Forests-Wetlands Node
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: SAEON field instruments
Standard Operating Procedures
Calibration
Cathedral Peak
Meteorological
Tipping bucket
Precipitation

description: This package contains supporting information for the meteorological data collected at Cathedral Peak's 2C station, as part of the South African Environmental Observation Network's monitoring projects.
On Efficiency and Stability in Two-way Flow Network with Small Decay: A Note
Creators: name: Charoensook, Banchongsan
name: Charoensook, Banchongsan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Network Formation
subject: Nash Network
subject: Two-way Flow Network
subject: Agent Heterogeneity
subject: Efficient Network

description: Most literature in strategic network formation shows that there is a substantial tension between stability and efficiency. In this note, I show that such is not the case in the two way flow model with small decay studied by Bala and Goyal (2000a) and De Jaegher and Kamphorst (2015). Specifically, I show that every link receiver in a Nash network serves as an efficient trans-mitter of information. I also generalize this result to the case of player hetero-geneity and then provide a fine-detail characterization of effiicient networks.
Supplementary documentation for SAEON's field instrument data collected at the Cathedral Peak 7B station
Creators: name: South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) Grasslands-Forests-Wetlands Node
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: SAEON field instruments
Standard Operating Procedures
Calibration
Cathedral Peak
Meteorological
Tipping bucket
Precipitation

description: This package contains supporting information for the meteorological data collected at Cathedral Peak's 7B station, as part of the South African Environmental Observation Network's monitoring projects.
MHD discontinuities in solar flares: continuous transitions and plasma heating
Creators: name: Ledentsov, L. S.
name: Somov, B. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The boundary conditions for the ideal MHD equations on a plane dis- continuity surface are investigated. It is shown that, for a given mass flux through a discontinuity, its type depends only on the relation between inclina- tion angles of a magnetic field. Moreover, the conservation laws on a surface of discontinuity allow changing a discontinuity type with gradual (continu- ous) changes in the conditions of plasma flow. Then there are the so-called transition solutions that satisfy simultaneously two types of discontinuities. We obtain all transition solutions on the basis of the complete system of boundary conditions for the MHD equations. We also found the expression describing a jump of internal energy of the plasma flowing through the dis- continuity. Firstly, this allows constructing a generalized scheme of possible continuous transitions between MHD discontinuities. Secondly, it enables the examination of the dependence of plasma heating by plasma density and configuration of the magnetic field near the discontinuity surface, i.e., by the type of the MHD discontinuity. It is shown that the best conditions for heating are carried out in the vicinity of a reconnecting current layer near the areas of reverse currents. The result can be helpful in explaining the temperature distributions inside the active regions in the solar corona during flares observed by modern space observatories in soft and hard X-rays.
description: 34 pages, 11 figures, accepted to Advances in Space Research. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1312.3425
Correlation inequalities for the quantum XY model
Creators: name: Benassi, Costanza
name: Lees, Benjamin
name: Ueltschi, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B10, 82B20, 82B26

description: We show the positivity or negativity of truncated correlation functions in the quantum XY model with spin 1/2 (at any temperature) and spin 1 (in the ground state). These Griffiths-Ginibre inequalities of the second kind generalise an earlier result of Gallavotti.
description: 9 pages
Erica sessiflora flowering seasons in Hottentots Holland, Jakkalsrivier Catchment, site 3419AA/1
Creators: name: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Centre
Erica sessiflora
Jakkalsrivier Catchment
Hottentots Holland

description: This is a scanned copy of a document on Erica sessiflora flowering seasons in Hottentots Holland, Jakkalsrivier Catchment, site 3419AA/1. The Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center (part of the former South African Forestry Research Institute) was established in 1935 at Jonkershoek, near Stellenbosch, under the directorship of Dr C. L. Wicht. The initial aim was to determine how forestry activities in state plantations would affect climate, water conservation and erosion, and was later expanded to include studies of fynbos ecology, fire and alien species. Studies from the 1930s to the early 1990s saw the accumulation of a large amount of data dealing with fire experiments, detailed vegetation plot surveys, rare plant surveys and ecological studies, hydrological studies and the development of management plans for catchments around the Western Cape. SAEON now houses the archive of data collected by the Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center, which was originally held by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).
Evaluating Differences in Aluminum Exposure through Parenteral Nutrition in Neonatal Morbidities
Creators: name: Morton, Jacob
name: Fortenberry, Megan
name: Hernandez, Lela
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Aluminum is a common contaminant in many components of parenteral nutrition, especially calcium and phosphate additives. Although long-term effects have been described in the literature, short-term effects are not well-known. Currently, the Food and Drug Administration recommends maintaining aluminum at <5 mcg/kg/day. This was a single center, retrospective case-control study of 102 neonatal intensive care unit patients. Patients were included if they had a diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis, rickets/osteopenia, or seizures and received at least 14 days of parenteral nutrition. Patients were matched 1:1 with control patients by gestational age and birth weight. Mean total aluminum exposure for the 14 days of parenteral nutrition was calculated using manufacturer label information. Differences in mean aluminum exposure between cases and controls, as well as subgroup analysis in those with renal impairment or cholestasis, was conducted. Aluminum exposure in patients meeting inclusion criteria closely mirrored the aluminum exposure of control patients. The difference in aluminum exposure was not found to be statistically significant, except in patients with cholestasis. Although the study found no difference in aluminum exposure in short-term complications with neonates, long-term complications are well established and may warrant the need to monitor and limit neonatal aluminum exposure.
title: BIOMECHANICS AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE AORTA IN CHRONIC AORTIC DISSECTION
Creators: name: Panpho, Phakakorn
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2021

description: Chronic aortic dissection (AD) is defined as being one in which there is a tear which originates in aortic wall and has been present for more than 30 days. Chronic AD tends to be associated with a weakened aortic wall. Eventually the degenerated, weakened aortic wall may rupture. Although tensile or biaxial testing techniques have previously been used in vitro for biomechanical testing of AD tissues at the macro-scale, little is known about how localised changes in aortic structure and biomechanics contribute to progression of chronic AD. To find a way to address this challenge, the nanoindentation technique and ball indentation tests were used to investigate localised mechanical properties and time-dependent deformation behaviour respectively, of human aortic tissue samples from chronic AD patients. Using ovine aortic tissue as a model, the utility of the nanoindentation technique and ball indentation methods were validated and optimised. The data were correlated with conventional uniaxial indentation testing. Further, the mechanical properties and biochemical composition (collagen, elastin and GAG) were correlated across the entire aortic length. The human tissue work characterised the biomechanics, biochemistry, and histology of the dissection flap (FP), true lumen outer wall (TL) and false lumen outer wall (FL) in chronic dissection. These micromechanical properties and biochemical properties were compared with clinical data (interval of index event to operation (IIEO) and aortic growth rate). The main outcome of this thesis was the demonstration of how structural properties of dissection tissues within the aortic wall alter with time. FP and TL are stiffer with the arrangement of elastin fibres being highly compact, long, and aligned, whereas the FL was more compliant with localised loss of elastic fibres and increased elastin fragmentation that correlated with IIEO. Overall, the findings of this thesis suggest that indications for surgery in chronic AD, which are currently based on aortic size, may be independent of features such as aetiology, aortic dimensions, and anatomical segment.
Incorporating Added Sugar Improves the Performance of the Health Star Rating Front-of-Pack Labelling System in Australia
Creators: name: Neal, Bruce
name: Woodward, Mark
name: Mhurchu, Cliona Ni
name: Jones, Alexandra
name: Crino, Michelle
name: Taylor, Fraser
name: Peters, Sanne A. E.
name: Dunford, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Background: The Health Star Rating (HSR) is an interpretive front-of-pack labelling system that rates the overall nutritional profile of packaged foods. The algorithm underpinning the HSR includes total sugar content as one of the components. This has been criticised because intrinsic sugars naturally present in dairy, fruits, and vegetables are treated the same as sugars added during food processing. We assessed whether the HSR could better discriminate between core and discretionary foods by including added sugar in the underlying algorithm. Methods: Nutrition information was extracted for 34,135 packaged foods available in The George Institute’s Australian FoodSwitch database. Added sugar levels were imputed from food composition databases. Products were classified as ‘core’ or ‘discretionary’ based on the Australian Dietary Guidelines. The ability of each of the nutrients included in the HSR algorithm, as well as added sugar, to discriminate between core and discretionary foods was estimated using the area under the curve (AUC). Results: 15,965 core and 18,350 discretionary foods were included. Of these, 8230 (52%) core foods and 15,947 (87%) discretionary foods contained added sugar. Median (Q1, Q3) HSRs were 4.0 (3.0, 4.5) for core foods and 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) for discretionary foods. Median added sugar contents (g/100 g) were 3.3 (1.5, 5.5) for core foods and 14.6 (1.8, 37.2) for discretionary foods. Of all the nutrients used in the current HSR algorithm, total sugar had the greatest individual capacity to discriminate between core and discretionary foods; AUC 0.692 (0.686; 0.697). Added sugar alone achieved an AUC of 0.777 (0.772; 0.782). A model with all nutrients in the current HSR algorithm had an AUC of 0.817 (0.812; 0.821), which increased to 0.871 (0.867; 0.874) with inclusion of added sugar. Conclusion: The HSR nutrients discriminate well between core and discretionary packaged foods. However, discrimination was improved when added sugar was also included. These data argue for inclusion of added sugar in an updated HSR algorithm and declaration of added sugar as part of mandatory nutrient declarations.
MPEC 2025-C45 : 2025 CE1
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2025 CE1

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Milk Intake at Midlife and Cognitive Decline over 20 Years. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Creators: name: Petruski-Ivleva, Natalia
name: Sharrett, Richey
name: Haring, Bernhard
name: Meyer, Katie
name: Heiss, Gerardo
name: Kucharska-Newton, Anna
name: Graff, Misa
name: Couper, David
name: Palta, Priya
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Background: Faster rates of cognitive decline are likely to result in earlier onset of cognitive impairment and dementia. d-galactose, a derivative of lactose, is used in animal studies to induce neurodegeneration. Milk is the primary source of lactose in the human diet, and its effects on cognitive decline have not been fully evaluated. Objective: Assess the association of milk intake with change in cognitive function over 20 years. Methods: A total of 13,751 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort completed a food frequency questionnaire and three neurocognitive evaluations from 1990 through 2013. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to determine lactase persistence (LCT-13910 C/T for Whites and LCT-14010 G/C for Blacks). Mixed-effects models were used to study the association of milk intake with cognitive change. Multiple imputations by chained equations were used to account for attrition. Results: Milk intake greater than 1 glass/day was associated with greater decline in the global z-score over a 20-year period. The difference in decline was 0.10 (95% CI: 0.16, 0.03) z-scores, or an additional 10% decline, relative to the group reporting “almost never” consuming milk. Conclusions: Replication of these results is warranted in diverse populations with greater milk intake and higher variability of lactase persistence genotype.
Arrow of time in dissipationless cosmology
Creators: name: Sahni, Varun
name: Shtanov, Yuri
name: Toporensky, Aleksey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is generally believed that a cosmological arrow of time must be associated with entropy production. Indeed, in his seminal work on cyclic cosmology, Tolman introduced a viscous fluid in order to make successive expansion/contraction cycles larger than previous ones, thereby generating an arrow of time. However, as we demonstrate in this letter, the production of entropy is not the only means by which a cosmological arrow of time may emerge. Remarkably, systems which are dissipationless may nevertheless demonstrate a preferred direction of time provided they possess attractors. An example of a system with well defined attractors is scalar-field driven cosmology. In this case, for a wide class of potentials (especially those responsible for inflation), the attractor equation of state during expansion can have the form $p \simeq -ρ$, and during contraction $p \simeq ρ$. If the resulting cosmology is cyclic, then the presence of cosmological hysteresis, $\oint p~dV \neq 0$ during successive cycles, causes an arrow of time to emerge in a system which is formally dissipationless. An important analogy is drawn between the arrow of time in cyclic cosmology and an arrow of time in an $N$-body system of gravitationally interacting particles. We find that, like the $N$-body system, a cyclic universe can evolve from a single past into two futures with oppositely directed arrows of time.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures. Matches published version in Class. Quantum Grav. 32 (2015) 182001 (Fast Track Communication)
Supplementary documentation for SAEON's field instrument data collected at the VASI Sileza station
Creators: name: South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) Grasslands-Forests-Wetlands Node
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: SAEON field instruments
Standard Operating Procedures
Calibration
Vasi
Meteorological
Tipping bucket rain gauge
Precipitation

description: This package contains supporting information for the meteorological data collected at VASI's Sileza station, as part of the South African Environmental Observation Network's monitoring projects.
The morphology of lath martensite: a new perspective
Creators: name: Muehlemann, Anton
name: Koumatos, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 74A50, 74N05, 74N15

description: A mathematical framework is proposed to predict the features of the (5 5 7) lath transformation in low-carbon steels based on energy minimisation. This theory generates a one-parameter family of possible habit planes and a selection mechanism then identifies the (5 5 7) normals as those arising from a deformation with small atomic movement and maximal compatibility. While the calculations bear some resemblance to those of double shear theories, the assumptions and conclusions are different. Interestingly, the predicted microstructure morphology resembles that of plate martensite, in the sense that a type of twinning mechanism is involved.
description: ESOMAT15
The Association between Parent Diet Quality and Child Dietary Patterns in Nine- to Eleven-Year-Old Children from Dunedin, New Zealand
Creators: name: Harrex, Harriet
name: Stoner, Lee
name: Wong, Jyh Eiin
name: Haszard, Jillian
name: Meredith-Jones, Kim
name: Quigg, Robin
name: Saeedi, Pouya
name: Skeaff, Sheila
name: Skidmore, Paula
name: Davison, Brittany
name: Black, Katherine
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Previous research investigating the relationship between parents’ and children’s diets has focused on single foods or nutrients, and not on global diet, which may be more important for good health. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between parental diet quality and child dietary patterns. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 17 primary schools in Dunedin, New Zealand. Information on food consumption and related factors in children and their primary caregiver/parent were collected. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate dietary patterns in children and diet quality index (DQI) scores were calculated in parents. Relationships between parental DQI and child dietary patterns were examined in 401 child-parent pairs using mixed regression models. PCA generated two patterns; ‘Fruit and Vegetables’ and ‘Snacks’. A one unit higher parental DQI score was associated with a 0.03SD (CI: 0.02, 0.04) lower child ‘Snacks’ score. There was no significant relationship between ‘Fruit and Vegetables’ score and parental diet quality. Higher parental diet quality was associated with a lower dietary pattern score in children that was characterised by a lower consumption frequency of confectionery, chocolate, cakes, biscuits and savoury snacks. These results highlight the importance of parental modelling, in terms of their dietary choices, on the diet of children.
title: Embedding Social Innovation Tools in UNIDO’s Technicaland Vocational Education and Training Interventions (An Exploratory Research)
Creators: name: Magistrado, Daniel-Vin
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: social
subject: innovation
subject: tool
subject: development
subject: intervention
subject: impact
subject: sustainability
subject: Theory of Change
subject: Business Model Canvas
subject: organizational change

description: Social innovation tools are essential for development interventions. The study surveyeddifferent social innovation tools that have been successfully implemented in both the privateand public sectors. It then identified a number of them that can enhance the design,implementation, evaluation and scaling of development projects and programmes for impactand sustainability. Key focuses were devoted to the more widely used social innovation toolsof Theory of Change and the Business Model Canvas. To ensure its effectiveness, the adoptionof these tools should go hand-in-hand with organizational changes that stimulate and instill amindset of innovation.
Avoided ferromagnetic quantum critical point in CeRuPO
Creators: name: Lengyel, E.
name: Macovei, M. E.
name: Jesche, A.
name: Krellner, C.
name: Geibel, C.
name: Nicklas, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CeRuPO is a rare example of a ferromagnetic (FM) Kondo-lattice system. External pressure suppresses the ordering temperature to zero at about $p_c\approx3$ GPa. Our ac-susceptibility and electrical-resistivity investigations evidence that the type of magnetic ordering changes from FM to antiferromagnetic (AFM) at about $p^*\approx0.87$ GPa. Studies in applied magnetic fields suggest that ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic correlations compete for the ground state at $p>p^*$, but finally the AFM correlations win. The change in the magnetic ground-state properties is closely related to the pressure evolution of the crystalline-electric-field level (CEF) scheme and the magnetic Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) exchange interaction. The Néel temperature disappears abruptly in a first-order-like fashion at $p_c$, hinting at the absence of a quantum critical point. This is consistent with the low-temperature transport properties exhibiting Landau-Fermi-liquid (LFL) behavior in the whole investigated pressure range up to 7.5 GPa.
description: 12 figures