cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Совершенствование технологий функционирования и сборки газовых магистралей Западной Сибири в 1960–1980-е гг. ХХ в.
title: Improvement of Gas Pipelines Operation and Assembly Technologies in West Siberia in 1960–1980s of the 20th Century
Creators: name: Артеменко, Роман Васильевич
Publisher: name: Издательский центр СурГУ
Year: 2022

description: Актуальность статьи обусловлена внешнеполитической ситуацией, в которой
находится наша страна в настоящее время, а также стремлением Российской Федерации выйти к арктическому шельфу, а главное освоить его ресурсы. В силу этих неоднозначных международных обстоятельств, исследование опыта создания новой отрасли промышленности в условиях экономического
давления со стороны западных партнеров является необходимым и практически значимым. В работе
предпринимается попытка показать динамику совершенствования производства и сборки газотранспортного оборудования для газовых магистралей Западной Сибири. Автором было доказано, что советская промышленность сумела построить достаточное количество газотранспортных магистралей
в условиях нарастающих темпов добычи газа благодаря совершенствованию технологии производства функционирующих элементов и монтажа. Автор определил и негативные тенденции в развитии
газовой индустрии Сибири, такие, как частичная зависимость от импорта оборудования и кредитования в обмен на газ. Статья предназначена для специалистов в области исследования истории Западно-Сибирского нефтегазового комплекса.
description: The relevance of the article is due to the foreign policy situation in which our country currently finds itself, as well as to the Russian Federation interest in emerging into the Arctic and, what is more,
in harnessing its resources. Due to these complex international conditions, studying of the experience of creating a new branch of industry under the conditions of economic pressure of Western counterparts is necessary and beneficial. In the article an attempt is made to show the dynamics of improving production and assembly of gas transmission equipment for the West Siberia pipelines. The author has proved that the Soviet
industry was able to construct a sufficient number of gas pipelines under the conditions of increasing gas
production rates, which is due to the improved technology of production of functioning elements and installation. The author has also identified such negative trends in the Siberian gas industry development as its partial dependence on imported equipment and getting loans in exchange for gas. The article is intended for those studying history of the West Siberian Oil and Gas complex.
Stability of Nonlinear Regime-switching Jump Diffusions
Creators: name: Yang, Zhixin
name: Yin, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Motivated by networked systems, stochastic control, optimization, and a wide variety of applications, this work is devoted to systems of switching jump diffusions. Treating such nonlinear systems, we focus on stability issues. First asymptotic stability in the large is obtained. Then the study on exponential p-stability is carried out. Connection between almost surely exponential stability and exponential p-stability is exploited. Also presented are smooth-dependence on the initial data. Using the smooth-dependence, necessary conditions for exponential p-stability are derived. Then criteria for asymptotic stability in distribution are provided. A couple of examples are given to illustrate our results.
Repensar el modo en que son las cosas en ciencia, tecnología e innovación
Creators: name: Echeverry-Mejía, Jorge-Andrés
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Investigación básica
subject: Investigación aplicada
subject: Modelo lineal de innovación
subject: Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación
subject: http://vocabularies.unesco.org/thesaurus/concept11269
subject: http://vocabularies.unesco.org/thesaurus/concept2563
subject: http://vocabularies.unesco.org/thesaurus/domain2
subject: http://vocabularies.unesco.org/thesaurus/concept116
subject: http://vocabularies.unesco.org/thesaurus/concept8019

description: La distinción entre investigación básica e investigación aplicada se plantea cada vez más a menudo como obsoleta, como una dicotomía improductiva que no representa la realidad de las prácticas en el ámbito científico, sin embargo, poco se explican las razones, los fundamentos por los cuales no sería acertado sostener tal división. El trabajo de Mauro (2019) se encamina en esta reflexión con la aproximación a partir del caso de la investigación neuroeducativa, a lo que habría que agregar otros análisis tanto conceptuales como empíricos, por ejemplo, el que proponen Gulbransen y Kyvik (2010), quienes analizan la situación de los académicos noruegos, señalando además las implicancias que este tipo de abordajes tienen para la política y el análisis estadístico y evaluativo del trabajo de investigación. La pregunta que surge a partir de la pregunta de Mauro y de críticas similares sería: ¿si es obsoleta esta distinción, por qué aún funciona? Cita: Echeverry-Mejía, J. A. (2020). Repensar el modo en que son las cosas en ciencia, tecnología e innovación. En I. Heredia, A. Mauro, S. Mondaca, y M. Schilling (Eds.), Filosofía de la Ciencia por Jóvenes Investigadores (pp. 103–106). Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. https://ffyh.unc.edu.ar/publicaciones/ciffyh/
description: El libro es resultado de las 1ras Jornadas de Jóvenes Investigadores en Filosofía de la Ciencia, realizadas en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina, en junio de 2019. Disponible para descarga en: https://ffyh.unc.edu.ar/publicaciones/ciffyh/
Stochastic Modeling of Biofilm Formation with Bacterial Quorum Sensing
Creators: name: Gulec, Fatih
name: Eckford, Andrew W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Bacteria generally live in complicated structures called biofilms, consisting of communicating bacterial colonies and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Since biofilms are related to detrimental effects such as infection or antibiotic resistance in different settings, it is essential to model their formation. In this paper, a stochastic model is proposed for biofilm formation, using bacterial quorum sensing (QS). In this model, the biological processes in the biofilm formation are modeled as a chemical reaction network which includes bacterial reproduction, productions of autoinducer and EPS, and their diffusion. The modified explicit tau-leap simulation algorithm is adapted based on the two-state QS mechanism. Our approach is validated by using the experimental results of $\textit{Pseudomonas putida}$ IsoF bacteria for autoinducer and bacteria concentration. It is also shown that the percentage of EPS in the biofilm increases significantly after the state change in QS, while it decreases before QS is activated. The presented work shows how the biofilm growth can be modeled realistically by using the QS mechanism in stochastic simulations of chemical reactions.
description: Submitted to ICC 2023
Some multivariate imprecise shock model copulas
Creators: name: Dolžan, David
name: Bukovšek, Damjana Kokol
name: Omladič, Matjaž
name: Škulj, Damjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Bivariate imprecise copulas have recently attracted substantial attention. However, the multivariate case seems still to be a "blank slate". It is then natural that this idea be tested first on shock model induced copulas, a family which might be the most useful in various applications. We investigate a model in which some of the shocks are assumed imprecise and develop the corresponding set of copulas. In the Marshall's case we get a coherent set of distributions and a coherent set of copulas, where the bounds are naturally corresponding to each other. The situation with the other two groups of multivariate imprecise shock model induced copulas, i.e., the maxmin and the the reflected maxmin (RMM) copulas, is substantially more involved, but we are still able to produce their properties. These are the main results of the paper that serves as the first step into a theory that should develop in this direction. In addition, we unfold the theory of bivariate imprecise RMM copulas that has not yet been done before.
"d12-041.H1LRG_xsection.txt" of "Inclusive Measurement of Diffractive Deep-Inelastic Scattering at HERA"
Creators: name: H1 Collaboration
Publisher: name: HEPData
Year: 2015

description: 1: link to data with more detailed systematic errors
description: DESY-HERA. Measurements of the reduced cross section in the process E P --> E X Y where Y is a proton or low mass excitation with mass < 1.6 GeV. The analysis covers the phase space region 3 < Q^2 < 1600 GeV^2, |t| < 1.0 GeV^2 and the longitudinal momentum fraction of the incident proton carried by the colourless exchange, X(POMERON) < 0.05. The data is presented as functions of X(POMERON), Q^2 and BETA=X/X(POMERON).
"d12-041.H1LRG_binning.txt" of "Inclusive Measurement of Diffractive Deep-Inelastic Scattering at HERA"
Creators: name: H1 Collaboration
Publisher: name: HEPData
Year: 2015

description: 2: original binning scheme used
description: DESY-HERA. Measurements of the reduced cross section in the process E P --> E X Y where Y is a proton or low mass excitation with mass < 1.6 GeV. The analysis covers the phase space region 3 < Q^2 < 1600 GeV^2, |t| < 1.0 GeV^2 and the longitudinal momentum fraction of the incident proton carried by the colourless exchange, X(POMERON) < 0.05. The data is presented as functions of X(POMERON), Q^2 and BETA=X/X(POMERON).
Lightweight Blockchain Solutions: Taxonomy, Research Progress, and Comprehensive Review
Creators: name: Mershad, Khaleel
name: Cheikhrouhou, Omar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The proliferation of resource-constrained devices has become prevalent across various digital applications, including smart homes, smart healthcare, and smart transportation, among others. However, the integration of these devices brings many security issues. To address these concerns, Blockchain technology has been widely adopted due to its robust security characteristics, including immutability, cryptography, and distributed consensus. However, implementing blockchain within these networks is highly challenging due to the limited resources of the employed devices and the resource-intensive requirements of the blockchain. To overcome these challenges, a multitude of researchers have proposed lightweight blockchain solutions specifically designed for resource-constrained networks. In this paper, we present a taxonomy of lightweight blockchain solutions proposed in the literature. More precisely, we identify five areas within the "lightweight" concept, namely, blockchain architecture, device authentication, cryptography model, consensus algorithm, and storage method. We discuss the various methods employed in each "lightweight" category, highlighting existing gaps and identifying areas for improvement. Our review highlights the missing points in existing systems and paves the way to building a complete lightweight blockchain solution for networks of resource-constrained devices.
description: 77 pages, 10 figures, final version accepted by Internet of Things Journal, Elsevier
Loop coproduct in Morse and Floer homology
Creators: name: Cieliebak, Kai
name: Hingston, Nancy
name: Oancea, Alexandru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D40, 55P50, 16E45, 16T10, 70H03, 70H05

description: By a well-known theorem of Viterbo, the symplectic homology of the cotangent bundle of a closed manifold is isomorphic to the homology of its loop space. In this paper we extend the scope of this isomorphism in several directions. First, we give a direct definition of {\em Rabinowitz loop homology} in terms of Morse theory on the loop space and prove that its product agrees with the pair-of-pants product on Rabinowitz Floer homology. The proof uses compactified moduli spaces of punctured annuli. Second, we prove that, when restricted to {\em positive} Floer homology, resp.~loop space homology relative to the constant loops, the Viterbo isomorphism intertwines various constructions of secondary pair-of-pants coproducts with the loop homology coproduct. Third, we introduce {\em reduced loop homology}, which is a common domain of definition for a canonical reduction of the loop product and for extensions of the loop homology coproduct which together define the structure of a commutative cocommutative unital infinitesimal anti-symmetric bialgebra. Along the way, we show that the Abbondandolo-Schwarz quasi-isomorphism going from the Floer complex of quadratic Hamiltonians to the Morse complex of the energy functional can be turned into a filtered chain isomorphism by using linear Hamiltonians and the square root of the energy functional.
description: v3: The coproduct on reduced loop homology vanishes on the unit if the first homology vanishes, and the unital infinitesimal relation reduces to the Sullivan relation (Corollary 4.9). This is the final version of the paper published Open Access in J. Fixed Point Theory Appl. as part of the topical collection "Symplectic geometry - A Festschrift in honour of Claude Viterbo's 60th birthday"
Rough pseudodifferential operators on Hardy spaces for Fourier integral operators
Creators: name: Rozendaal, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 35S05. Secondary 42B35, 35S30, 35S50

description: We prove mapping properties of pseudodifferential operators with rough symbols on Hardy spaces for Fourier integral operators. The symbols $a(x,η)$ are elements of $C^{r}_{*}S^{m}_{1,δ}$ classes that have limited regularity in the $x$ variable. We show that the associated pseudodifferential operator $a(x,D)$ maps between Sobolev spaces $\mathcal{H}^{s,p}_{FIO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ and $\mathcal{H}^{t,p}_{FIO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ over the Hardy space for Fourier integral operators $\mathcal{H}^{p}_{FIO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$. Our main result implies that for $m=0$, $δ=1/2$ and $r>n-1$, $a(x,D)$ acts boundedly on $\mathcal{H}^{p}_{FIO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ for all $p\in(1,\infty)$.
description: 24 pages. Minor change to the funding acknowledgment
The operator algebra of cyclic orbifolds
Creators: name: Estienne, Benoit
name: Ikhlef, Yacine
name: Rotaru, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify the maximal chiral algebra of conformal cyclic orbifolds. In terms of this extended algebra, the orbifold is a rational and diagonal conformal field theory, provided the mother theory itself is also rational and diagonal. The operator content and operator product expansion of the cyclic orbifolds are revisited in terms of this algebra. The fusion rules and fusion numbers are computed via the Verlinde formula. This allows one to predict which conformal blocks appear in a given four-point function of twisted or untwisted operators, which is relevant for the computation of various entanglement measures in one-dimensional critical systems.
description: 29+15 pages
Critical exponents in quantum Einstein gravity
Creators: name: Nagy, S.
name: Fazekas, B.
name: Juhasz, L.
name: Sailer, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum Einstein gravity is treated by the functional renormalization group method using the Einstein-Hilbert action. The ultraviolet non-Gaussian fixed point is determined and its corresponding exponent of the correlation length is calculated for a wide range of regulators. It is shown that the exponent provides a minimal sensitivity to the parameters of the regulator which correspond to the Litim's regulator.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Luminosity determination in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using the ATLAS detector at the LHC
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The luminosity determination for the ATLAS detector at the LHC during Run 2 is presented, with $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV. The absolute luminosity scale is determined using van der Meer beam separation scans during dedicated running periods in each year, and extrapolated to the physics data-taking regime using complementary measurements from several luminosity-sensitive detectors. The total uncertainties in the integrated luminosities for each individual year of data-taking range from 0.9% to 1.1%, and are partially correlated between years. After standard data-quality selections, the full Run 2 $pp$ data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $140.1\pm 1.2$ fb$^{-1}$, i.e. an uncertainty of 0.83%. A dedicated sample of low-pileup data recorded in 2017-18 for precision Standard Model physics measurements is analysed separately, and has an integrated luminosity of $338.1\pm 3.1$ pb$^{-1}$.
description: 92 pages in total, author list starting page 75, 36 figures, 10 tables. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/DAPR-2021-01
Gravitational and Autoregressive Analysis Spatial Diffusion of COVID-19 in Hubei Province, China
Creators: name: Chen, Yanguang
name: Li, Yajing
name: Long, Yuqing
name: Feng, Shuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spatial diffusion of epidemic disease follows distance decay law in geography, but different diffusion processes may be modeled by different mathematical functions under different spatio-temporal conditions. This paper is devoted to modeling spatial diffusion patterns of COVID-19 stemming from Wuhan city to Hubei province. The methods include gravity and spatial auto-regression analyses. The local gravity model is derived from allometric scaling and global gravity model, and then the parameters of the local gravity model are estimated by observational data and linear regression. The main results are as below. The local gravity model based on power law decay can effectively describe the diffusion patterns and process of COVID-19 in Hubei Province, and the goodness of fit of the gravity model based on negative exponential decay to the observation data is not satisfactory. Further, the goodness of fit of the model to data entirely became better and better over time, the size elasticity coefficient increases first and then decreases, and the distance attenuation exponent decreases first and then increases. Moreover, the significance of spatial autoregressive coefficient in the model is low, and the confidence level is less than 80%. The conclusions can be reached as follows. (1) The spatial diffusion of COVID-19 of Hubei bears long range effect, and the size of a city and the distance of the city to Wuhan affect the total number of confirmed cases. (2) Wuhan direct transmission is the main process in the spatial diffusion of COVID-19 in Hubei at the early stage, and the horizontal transmission between regions is not significant. (3) The effect of spatial isolation measures taken by Chinese government against the transmission of COVID-19 is obvious. This study suggests that the role of gravity should be taken into account to prevent and control epidemic disease.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables
Assessment of prevalence and determinants of needle stick injuries among health professionals in Addis Ababa Public Hospital
Creators: name: Holana, Daniel Nadew
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015

description: Needle Stick Injuries resulted from accidental piercing of the skin and/ or muco-cutaneous mem-branes of health profession. It also caused from suturing needles and other sharps used during clinical care. It is an occupational hazard in health care sector. Needle stick injuries expose health care workers to blood and body fluids which may be infected and can be transmited to them. Unsafe injections and procedures, injection over usage, difficult working condition harm-ing and inviting risks to the health care workers. Adequate knowledge and adherence to safety of practices could prevent the occurrence of NSI and related consequences. Objective To assess the prevalence and determinants of needle stick injuries among health professionals in Addis Ababa in selected Public Hospitals.
An unrecognized force in inertial microfluidics
Creators: name: Agarwal, Siddhansh
name: Chan, Fan Kiat
name: Gazzola, Mattia
name: Hilgenfeldt, Sascha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Describing effects of small but finite inertia on suspended particles is a fundamental fluid dynamical problem that has never been solved in full generality. Modern microfluidics has turned this academic problem into a practical challenge through the use of high-frequency oscillatory flows, perhaps the most efficient way to take advantage of inertial effects at low Reynolds numbers, to precisely manipulate particles, cells and vesicles without the need for charges or chemistry. The theoretical understanding of flow forces on particles has so far hinged on the pioneering work of Maxey and Riley (MR in the following), almost 40 years ago. We demonstrate here theoretically and computationally that oscillatory flows exert previously unexplained, significant and persistent forces, that these emerge from a combination of particle inertia and spatial flow variation, and that they can be quantitatively predicted through a generalization of MR.
Resource Allocation for Network-Integrated Device-to-Device Communications Using Smart Relays
Creators: name: Hasan, Monowar
name: Hossain, Ekram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With increasing number of autonomous heterogeneous devices in future mobile networks, an efficient resource allocation scheme is required to maximize network throughput and achieve higher spectral efficiency. In this paper, performance of network-integrated device-to-device (D2D) communication is investigated where D2D traffic is carried through relay nodes. An optimization problem is formulated for allocating radio resources to maximize end-to-end rate as well as conversing QoS requirements for cellular and D2D user equipment under total power constraint. Numerical results show that there is a distance threshold beyond which relay-assisted D2D communication significantly improves network performance when compared to direct communication between D2D peers.
Wheel graph homology classes via Lie graph homology
Creators: name: Ward, Benjamin C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a new proof of the non-triviality of wheel graph homology classes using higher operations on Lie graph homology and a derived version of Koszul duality for modular operads.
description: preliminary version; comments very welcome
Hamiltonian Magnetohydrodynamics: Lagrangian, Eulerian, and Dynamically Accessible Stability - Theory
Creators: name: Andreussi, T.
name: Morrison, P. J.
name: Pegoraro, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stability conditions of magnetized plasma flows are obtained by exploiting the Hamiltonian structure of the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations and, in particular, by using three kinds of energy principles. First, the Lagrangian variable energy principle is described and sufficient stability conditions are presented. Next, plasma flows are described in terms of Eulerian variables and the noncanonical Hamiltonian formulation of MHD is exploited. For symmetric equilibria, the energy-Casimir principle is expanded to second order and sufficient conditions for stability to symmetric perturbation are obtained. Then, dynamically accessible variations, i.e. variations that explicitly preserve invariants of the system, are introduced and the respective energy principle is considered. General criteria for stability are obtained, along with comparisons between the three different approaches.
Predicting the Characteristics of Defect Transitions on Curved Surfaces
Creators: name: Agarwal, Siddhansh
name: Hilgenfeldt, Sascha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energetically optimal position of lattice defects on intrinsically curved surfaces is a complex function of shape parameters. For open surfaces, a simple condition predicts the critical size for which a central disclination yields lower energy than a boundary disclination. In practice, this transition is modified by activation energies or more favorable intermediate defect positions. Here it is shown that these transition characteristics (continuous or discontinuous, first or second order) can also be inferred from analytical, general criteria evaluated from the surface shape. A universal scale of activation energy is found, and the criterion is generalized to predict transition order as symmetries such as that of the shape are broken. The results give practical insight into structural transitions to disorder in many cellular materials of technological and biological importance.
Observing light-induced Floquet band gaps in the longitudinal conductivity of graphene
Creators: name: Broers, Lukas
name: Mathey, Ludwig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose optical longitudinal conductivity as a realistic observable to detect light-induced Floquet band gaps in graphene. These gaps manifest as resonant features in the conductivity, when resolved with respect to the probing frequency and the driving field strength. We demonstrate these features via a dissipative master equation approach which gives access to a frequency- and momentum-resolved electron distribution. This distribution follows the light-induced Floquet-Bloch bands, resulting in a natural interpretation as occupations of these bands. Furthermore, we show that there are population inversions of the Floquet-Bloch bands at the band gaps for sufficiently strong driving field strengths. This strongly reduces the conductivity at the corresponding frequencies. Therefore our proposal puts forth not only an unambiguous demonstration of light-induced Floquet-Bloch bands, which advances the field of Floquet engineering in solids, but also points out the control of transport properties via light, that derives from the electron distribution on these bands.
Drying of Bio-colloidal Sessile Droplets: Advances, Applications, and Perspectives
Creators: name: Pal, Anusuya
name: Gope, Amalesh
name: Sengupta, Anupam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Drying of biologically-relevant sessile droplets, including passive systems (like DNA and proteins), as well as active microbial systems comprising bacteria and algae, have garnered considerable attention over the last decades. Distinct morphological patterns emerge when bio-colloids undergo drying, with significant potential in a range of biomedical applications, spanning bio-sensing, medical diagnostics, drug delivery, and antimicrobial resistance. This review presents a comprehensive overview of bio-colloidal droplets drying on solid substrates, focusing on the experimental progress during the last ten years. We provide a summary of the relevant properties of bio-colloids and link their composition (constituent particles, solvent, and concentrations) to the patterns emerging due to drying. We examined the drying patterns generated by passive bio-colloids (DNA, globular, fibrous, and composite proteins, plasma, serum, blood, urine, tears, saliva). This article highlights how morphological patterns are influenced by the nature of the biological entities and the solvent, micro- and global environmental conditions. Correlations between emergent patterns and the initial droplet compositions enable the detection of potential clinical abnormalities when compared with the patterns of drying droplets of healthy control samples, offering a diagnostic blueprint. Recent experimental investigations of pattern formation in the bio-mimetic and salivary drying droplets, relevant to COVID-19 are also presented. Finally, we summarize the role of biologically active agents in drying process, including bacteria and algae during the drying process. The review concludes with a perspective on the next generation of research and applications based on drying droplets, enabling potential innovations and tools to study this exciting interface of physics, biology, data sciences, and machine learning.
description: 92 pages, 22 figures
The Electron Firehose and Ordinary-Mode Instabilities in Space Plasmas
Creators: name: Lazar, M.
name: Poedts, S.
name: Schlickeiser, R.
name: Ibscher, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The selfgenerated wave fluctuations are particularly interesting in the solar wind and magnetospheric plasmas, where Coulomb collisions are rare and cannot explain the observed states of quasi-equilibrium. Linear theory predicts that the firehose and the ordinary-mode instabilities can develop under the same conditions, confusing the role of these instabilities in conditioning the space-plasma properties. The hierarchy of these two instabilities is reconsidered here for nonstreaming plasmas with an electron temperature anisotropy $T_\parallel > T_\perp$, where $\parallel$ and $\perp$ denote directions with respect to the local mean magnetic field. In addition to the previous comparative analysis, here the entire 3D wave-vector spectrum of the competing instabilities is investigated, paying particular attention to the oblique firehose instability and the relatively poorly known ordinary-mode instability. Results show a dominance of the oblique firehose instability with a threshold lower than the parallel firehose instability and lower than the ordinary-mode instability. For larger anisotropies, the ordinary mode can grow faster, with maximum growth rates exceeding the ones of the oblique firehose instability. In contrast to previous studies that claimed a possible activity of the ordinary-mode in the small $β[< 1]$ regimes, here it is rigorously shown that only the large $β[> 1]$ regimes are susceptible to these instabilities.
description: Paper in press in Solar Physics
Robust Self-Ensembling Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification
Creators: name: Xu, Yonghao
name: Du, Bo
name: Zhang, Liangpei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent research has shown the great potential of deep learning algorithms in the hyperspectral image (HSI) classification task. Nevertheless, training these models usually requires a large amount of labeled data. Since the collection of pixel-level annotations for HSI is laborious and time-consuming, developing algorithms that can yield good performance in the small sample size situation is of great significance. In this study, we propose a robust self-ensembling network (RSEN) to address this problem. The proposed RSEN consists of two subnetworks including a base network and an ensemble network. With the constraint of both the supervised loss from the labeled data and the unsupervised loss from the unlabeled data, the base network and the ensemble network can learn from each other, achieving the self-ensembling mechanism. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed method is the first attempt to introduce the self-ensembling technique into the HSI classification task, which provides a different view on how to utilize the unlabeled data in HSI to assist the network training. We further propose a novel consistency filter to increase the robustness of self-ensembling learning. Extensive experiments on three benchmark HSI datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can yield competitive performance compared with the state-of-the-art methods. Code is available online (\url{https://github.com/YonghaoXu/RSEN}).
Dynamics and proliferation of turbulent stripes in plane-Poiseuille and plane-Couette flows
Creators: name: Marensi, Elena
name: Yalnız, Gökhan
name: Hof, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first long-lived turbulent structures observable in planar shear flows take the form of localized stripes, inclined with respect to the mean flow direction. The dynamics of these stripes are central to transition, and recent studies proposed an analogy to directed percolation where the stripes' proliferation is ultimately responsible for turbulence to become sustained. In the present study we focus on the internal stripe dynamics as well as on the eventual stripe expansion, and we compare the underlying mechanisms in pressure and shear driven planar flows, respectively plane-Poiseuille and plane-Couette flow. Despite the similarities of the overall laminar-turbulence patterns, the stripe proliferation processes in the two cases are fundamentally different. Starting from the growth and sustenance of individual stripes, we find that in plane-Couette flow new streaks are created stochastically throughout the stripe whereas in plane-Poiseuille flow streak creation is deterministic and occurs locally at the downstream tip. Because of the up/downstream symmetry, Couette stripes, in contrast to Poiseuille stripes, have two weak and two strong laminar turbulent interfaces. These differences in symmetry as well as in internal growth give rise to two fundamentally different stripe splitting mechanisms. In plane-Poiseuille flow splitting is connected to the elongational growth of the original stripe, and it results from a break-off / shedding of the stripe's tail. In plane-Couette flow splitting follows from a broadening of the original stripe and a division along the stripe into two slimmer stripes.
description: Published in the Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 26 pages with 15 figures including the appendix
The Impact of the Topology on Cascading Failures in Electric Power Grids
Creators: name: Koç, Yakup
name: Warnier, Martijn
name: Van Mieghem, Piet
name: Kooij, Robert E.
name: Brazier, Frances M. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Cascading failures are one of the main reasons for blackouts in power transmission grids. The topology of a power grid, together with its operative state determine, for the most part, the robustness of the power grid against cascading failures. Secure electrical power supply requires, together with careful operation, a robust design of the electrical power grid topology. This paper investigates the impact of a power grid topology on its robustness against cascading failures. Currently, the impact of the topology on a grid robustness is mainly assessed by using purely topological approaches that fail to capture the essence of electric power flow. This paper proposes a metric, the effective graph resistance, that relates the topology of a power grid to its robustness against cascading failures by deliberate attacks, while also taking the fundamental characteristics of the electric power grid into account such as power flow allocation according to Kirchoff Laws. Experimental verification shows that the proposed metric anticipates the grid robustness accurately. The proposed metric is used to optimize a grid topology for a higher level of robustness. To demonstrate its applicability, the metric is applied on the IEEE 118 bus power system to improve its robustness against cascading failures.
Health Equity in Virtual Care, Scoping Review
Creators: name: Somani, Salima
name: Freeman, Shannon
name: Fyfe, Trina
name: Stone, Noah
name: Anurag Singh
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences
subject: health equity
subject: remote
subject: rural
subject: indigenous community
subject: Virtual care

description: The purpose of this scoping review is to assess the extent of the existing literature from published sources and gain insights on the impact of health equity as a result of virtual care delivery in rural, remote, and Indigenous communities.
Unification of thermal and quantum noise in gravitational-wave detectors
Creators: name: Whittle, Chris
name: McCuller, Lee
name: Sudhir, Vivishek
name: Evans, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Contemporary gravitational-wave detectors are fundamentally limited by thermal noise -- due to dissipation in the mechanical elements of the test mass -- and quantum noise -- from the vacuum fluctuations of the optical field used to probe the test mass position. Two other fundamental noises can in principle also limit sensitivity: test-mass quantization noise due to the zero-point fluctuation of its mechanical modes, and thermal excitation of the optical field. We use the quantum fluctuation-dissipation theorem to unify all four noises. This unified picture shows precisely when test-mass quantization noise and optical thermal noise can be ignored.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
The Difference Between Wise Decisions and Good Decisions
Creators: name: Glück, Judith
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This study investigates which characteristics distinguish people's subjectively wise decisions from subjectively best decisions. Holzer (2022) identified characteristics of wise decisions in his dissertation. According to him, the main differences between wise and best decisions concern (1) who is supposed to benefit from the decision, and (2) the decision-making process. A wise decision does not exclusively benefit the person making the decision, but takes the needs of other people into account. Also, a wise decision is made through conscious consideration of multiperspectivity and uncertainty. The present study uses a randomized design to investigate whether these characteristics are part of people’s accounts of wisest decisions from their own life, in comparison to best decisions. Participants will be asked to briefly describe either their wisest or their best decision and to briefly explain why they consider the decision as their wisest/best.
Symmetric Nonnegative Matrix Trifactorization
Creators: name: Bukovšek, Damjana Kokol
name: Šmigoc, Helena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A23, 15B48

description: The Symmetric Nonnegative Matrix Trifactorization (SN-Trifactorization) is a factorization of an $n \times n$ nonnegative symmetric matrix $A$ of the form $BCB^T$, where $C$ is a $k \times k$ symmetric matrix, and both $B$ and $C$ are required to be nonnegative. This work introduces the SNT-rank of $A$, as the minimal $k$, for which such factorization exists. After listing basic properties and exploring SNT-rank of low rank matrices, the class of nonnegative symmetric matrices with SNT-rank equal to rank is studied. The paper concludes with a completion problem, that asks for matrices with the smallest possible SNT-rank among all nonnegative symmetric matrices with given diagonal blocks.
Angular momentum conservation in measurements on spin Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Laloë, F.
name: Mullin, W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a thought experiment where two operators, Alice and Bob, perform transverse spin measurements on a quantum system; this system is initially in a double Fock spin state, which extends over a large distance in space so that the two operators are far away from each other. Standard quantum mechanics predicts that, when Alice makes a few measurements, a large transverse component of the spin angular momentum may appear in Bob's laboratory. A paradox then arises since local angular momentum conservation seems to be violated. It has been suggested that this angular momentum may be provided by the interaction with the measurement apparatuses. We show that this solution of the paradox is not appropriate, so that another explanation must be sought. The general question is the retroaction of a quantum system onto a measurement apparatus. For instance, when the measured system is entangled with another quantum system, can its reaction on a measurement apparatus be completely changed? Is angular momentum conserved only on average over several measurements, but not during one realization of the experiment?
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Resiliently evolving supply-demand networks
Creators: name: Rubido, Nicolás
name: Grebogi, Celso
name: Baptista, Murilo S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to design a transport network such that commodities are brought from suppliers to consumers in a steady, optimal, and stable way is of great importance for nowadays distribution systems. In this Letter, by using the circuit laws of Kirchhoff and Ohm, we provide the exact capacities of the edges that an optimal supply-demand network should have to operate stably under perturbations. The perturbations we consider are the evolution of the connecting topology, the decentralisation of hub sources or sinks, and the intermittence of suppliers/consumers characteristics. We analyse these conditions and the impact of our results, both on the current UK power-grid structure and on numerically generated evolving archetypal network topologies.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, 3 captions
From Public Outrage to the Burst of Public Violence: An Epidemic-Like Model
Creators: name: Nizamani, Sarwat
name: Memon, Nasrullah
name: Galam, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This study extends classical models of spreading epidemics to describe the phenomenon of contagious public outrage, which eventually leads to the spread of violence following a disclosure of some unpopular political decisions and/or activity. Accordingly, a mathematical model is proposed to simulate from the start, the internal dynamics by which an external event is turned into internal violence within a population. Five kinds of agents are considered: "Upset" (U), "Violent" (V), "Sensitive" (S), "Immune" (I), and "Relaxed" (R), leading to a set of ordinary differential equations, which in turn yield the dynamics of spreading of each type of agents among the population. The process is stopped with the deactivation of the associated issue. Conditions coinciding with a twofold spreading of public violence are singled out. The results shed a new light to understand terror activity and provides some hint on how to curb the spreading of violence within population globally sensitive to specific world issues. Recent world violent events are discussed.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures
Differentially Private Federated Clustering over Non-IID Data
Creators: name: Li, Yiwei
name: Wang, Shuai
name: Chi, Chong-Yung
name: Quek, Tony Q. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate federated clustering (FedC) problem, that aims to accurately partition unlabeled data samples distributed over massive clients into finite clusters under the orchestration of a parameter server, meanwhile considering data privacy. Though it is an NP-hard optimization problem involving real variables denoting cluster centroids and binary variables denoting the cluster membership of each data sample, we judiciously reformulate the FedC problem into a non-convex optimization problem with only one convex constraint, accordingly yielding a soft clustering solution. Then a novel FedC algorithm using differential privacy (DP) technique, referred to as DP-FedC, is proposed in which partial clients participation and multiple local model updating steps are also considered. Furthermore, various attributes of the proposed DP-FedC are obtained through theoretical analyses of privacy protection and convergence rate, especially for the case of non-identically and independently distributed (non-i.i.d.) data, that ideally serve as the guidelines for the design of the proposed DP-FedC. Then some experimental results on two real datasets are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed DP-FedC together with its much superior performance over some state-of-the-art FedC algorithms, and the consistency with all the presented analytical results.
description: 34 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Soft pion scattering in infrared-conformal gauge-fermion theories
Creators: name: Hackett, Daniel C.
name: Neil, Ethan T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of soft scattering for the analogue of pion states in gauge-fermion theories which approach a conformal fixed point in the infrared limit. Introducing a fermion mass into such a theory will explicitly break both scale invariance and chiral symmetry, leading to confinement and a spectrum of bound states. We argue that in such a theory, the pion scattering length diverges in the limit of zero fermion mass, in sharp contrast to QCD-like theories where the chiral Lagrangian predicts a vanishing scattering length. We demonstrate this effect both with a simple dimensional argument, and in a generalized linear sigma model which we argue can be used to describe the interactions of light scalar and pseudoscalar bound states in the soft limit of a mass-deformed infrared-conformal theory. As a result, lattice calculations of pion scattering lengths could be a sensitive probe for infrared scale invariance in gauge-fermion theories.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure. v2: updated to journal version