cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Orbital ordering in LaMnO$_3$: Electron-electron versus electron-lattice interactions
Creators: name: Yin, Wei-Guo
name: Volja, Dmitri
name: Ku, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relative importance of electron-lattice (e-l) and electron-electron (e-e) interactions in ordering orbitals in LaMnO$_3$ is systematically examined within the LDA+$U$ approximation of density functional theory. A realistic effective Hamiltonian is derived from novel Wannier functions analysis of the electronic structure. Surprisingly, e-l interaction ($\simeq 0.9$ eV) alone is found insufficient to stabilize the orbital ordered state. On the other hand, e-e interaction ($\simeq 1.7$ eV) not only induces orbital ordering, but also greatly facilitates the Jahn-Teller distortion via enhanced localization. Further experimental means to quantify the competition between these two mechanisms are proposed.
description: RevTex 4, 5 pages, 3 figures. Revision for publication
title: Calcinosis in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis
Creators: name: Dourado Domingues, João Manuel
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Calcifications / Calculi
subject: Clinical Case

description: Clinical History: A 62-year-old woman with a 10-year history of limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis presented with insidious pain and swelling of the left thumb’s fingertip. Physical examination revealed sclerodactyly and a tender nodule on the distal phalanx of the first finger.

description: 62 years, female
New features of some proton-neutron collective states
Creators: name: Raduta, A. A.
name: Raduta, C. M.
name: Codirla, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a schematic solvable many-body Hamiltonian, one studies a new type of proton-neutron excitations within a time dependent variational approach. Classical equations of motion are linearized and subsequently solved analytically. The harmonic state energy is compared with the energy of the first excited state provided by diagonalization as well as with the energies obtained by a renormalized RPA and a boson expansion procedure. The new collective mode describes a wobbling motion, in the space of isospin, and collapses for a particle-particle interaction strength which is much larger than the physical value. A suggestion for the description of the system in the second nuclear phase is made. We identified the transition operators which might excite the new mode from the ground state.
description: 28 pages and 3 figures
A Search for TeV Gamma-Ray Emission from High-Peaked Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars Using the Whipple Air-Cherenkov Telescope
Creators: name: Falcone, A. D.
name: collaboration, the VERITAS
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Blazars have traditionally been separated into two broad categories based upon their optical emission characteristics; BL Lacs, with faint or no emission lines, and flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) with prominent, broad emission lines. The spectral energy distribution of FSRQs has generally been thought of as being more akin to the low-peaked BL Lacs, which exhibit a peak in the infrared region of the spectrum, as opposed to high-peaked BL Lacs (HBLs), which exhibit a peak in UV/X-ray region of the spectrum. All blazars currently confirmed as sources of TeV emission are HBLs. Recent surveys have found several FSRQs exhibiting spectral properties similar to HBLs, particularly the synchrotron peak frequency. These objects are potential sources of TeV emission according to several models of blazar jet emission and blazar evolution. Measurements of TeV flux or upper limits could impact existing theories explaining the links between different blazar types and could have a significant impact on our understanding of the nature of objects that are capable of TeV emission. In particular, the presence (or absence) of TeV emission from FSRQs could confirm (or cast doubt upon) recent evolutionary models that expect intermediate objects in a transitionary state between FSRQ and BL Lac. The Whipple 10 meter imaging air-Cherenkov gamma-ray telescope is well suited for TeV gamma-ray observations. Using the Whipple telescope, we have taken data on a small selection of nearby(z<0.1 in most cases), high-peaked FSRQs. Although one of the objects, B2 0321+33, showed marginal evidence of flaring, no significant emission was detected. The implications of this paucity of emission and the derived upper limits are discussed.
description: accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal
Light Neutralino Dark Matter in the NMSSM
Creators: name: Gunion, John F.
name: Hooper, Dan
name: McElrath, Bob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutralino dark matter is generally assumed to be relatively heavy, with a mass near the electroweak scale. This does not necessarily need to be the case, however. In the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) and other supersymmetric models with an extended Higgs sector, a very light CP-odd Higgs boson can naturally arise making it possible for a very light neutralino to annihilate efficiently enough to avoid being overproduced in the early Universe. In this article, we explore the characteristics of a supersymmetric model needed to include a very light neutralino, 100 MeV $< \mcnone
description: References updated, accepted for publication in PRD
Controlling Urban Air Pollution Caused by Households: Uncertainty, Prices, and Income
Creators: name: Chavez, Carlos A.
name: Stranlund, John K.
name: Gomez, Walter
name: Chavez, Carlos A.
name: Stranlund, John K.
name: Gomez, Walter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Public Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Efficiency
subject: urban air pollution
subject: nonpoint pollution
subject: environmental policy
subject: uncertainty

description: We examine the control of air pollution caused by households burning wood for heating and cooking in the developing world. Since the problem is one of controlling emissions from nonpoint sources, regulations are likely to be directed at household choices of wood consumption and combustion technologies. Moreover, these choices are subtractions from, or contributions to, the pure public good of air quality. Consequently, the efficient policy design is not independent of the distribution of household income. Since it is unrealistic to assume that environmental authorities can make lump sum income transfers part of control policies, efficient control of air pollution caused by wood consumption entails a higher tax on wood consumption and a higher subsidy for more efficient combustion technologies for higher income households. Among other difficulties, implementing a policy to promote the adoption of cleaner combustion technologies must overcome the seemingly paradoxical result that efficient control calls for higher technology subsidies for higher income households.
An Experimental Analysis of Compliance in Dynamic Emissions Markets
Creators: name: Stranlund, John K.
name: Murphy, James J.
name: Spraggon, John M.
name: Stranlund, John K.
name: Murphy, James J.
name: Spraggon, John M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Public Economics
subject: Compliance
subject: Enforcement
subject: Emissions trading
subject: Laboratory experiments
subject: Permit markets
subject: Permit banking

description: Two important design elements for emission trading programs are whether and to what extent firms are able to bank emissions permits, and how these programs are to be enforced. In this paper we present results from laboratory emissions markets designed to investigate enforcement and compliance when these markets allow permit banking. Banking is motivated by a decrease in the aggregate permit supply in the middle of multi-period trading sessions. Consistent with theoretical insights, our experiments suggest that high permit violation penalties have little deterrence value in dynamic emissions markets, and that the main challenge of enforcing these programs is to motivate truthful self-reports of emissions.
Brownian Entanglement
Creators: name: Allahverdyan, A. E.
name: Khrennikov, A.
name: Nieuwenhuizen, Th. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that for two classical brownian particles there exists an analog of continuous-variable quantum entanglement: The common probability distribution of the two coordinates and the corresponding coarse-grained velocities cannot be prepared via mixing of any factorized distributions referring to the two particles in separate. This is possible for particles which interacted in the past, but do not interact in the present. Three factors are crucial for the effect: 1) separation of time-scales of coordinate and momentum which motivates the definition of coarse-grained velocities; 2) the resulting uncertainty relations between the coordinate of the brownian particle and the change of its coarse-grained velocity; 3) the fact that the coarse-grained velocity, though pertaining to a single brownian particle, is defined on a common context of two particles. The brownian entanglement is a consequence of a coarse-grained description and disappears for a finer resolution of the brownian motion. We discuss possibilities of its experimental realizations in examples of macroscopic brownian motion.
description: 18 pages, no figures
Should we impose emissions taxes that firms evade?
Creators: name: Stranlund, John K.
name: Stranlund, John K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Public Economics
subject: Compliance
subject: Enforcement
subject: Emissions Taxes
subject: Monitoring
subject: Sanctions
subject: Uncertainty

description: Most of the theoretical literature on enforcing environmental policies focuses on situations in which pollution sources are noncompliant. However, some recent work suggests that these situations will very often involve suboptimal policy designs. Thus, the circumstances under which it is efficient to implement policies that do not motivate full compliance appear to be more limited than most of the literature would imply. In this paper, I identify several circumstances under which regulators may conserve enforcement costs by implementing emissions taxes that firms evade. I demonstrate that a regulator can use a firm’s tax evasion to reduce monitoring effort, but only if its monitoring strategy can be made an increasing function of the firm’s emissions, if the probability of sanctioning a violation is increasing in the size of the violation, or if the firm’s manager is risk averse. Whether an optimal tax/enforcement policy should allow noncompliance under these circumstances depends on the value of reduced monitoring effort set against the increase in expected sanctioning costs, and the costs of dealing with the added regulatory uncertainty that is produced by imperfect compliance.
Images of a Bose-Einstein condensate: diagonal dynamical Bogoliubov vacuum
Creators: name: Dziarmaga, Jacek
name: Sacha, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evolution of a Bose-Einstein condensate subject to a time-dependent external perturbation can be described by a time-dependent Bogoliubov theory: a condensate initially in its ground state Bogoliubov vacuum evolves into a time-dependent excited state which can be formally written as a time-dependent Bogoliubov vacuum annihilated by time-dependent quasiparticle annihilation operators. We prove that any Bogoliubov vacuum can be brought to a diagonal form in a time-dependent orthonormal basis. This diagonal form is tailored for simulations of quantum measurements on an excited condensate. As an example we work out phase imprinting of a dark soliton followed by a density measurement.
description: 4 pages, 2 .eps figures
Millisecond and Binary Pulsars as Nature's Frequency Standards. III. Fourier Analysis and Spectral Sensitivity of Timing Observations to Low-Frequency Noise
Creators: name: Kopeikin, Sergei M.
name: Potapov, Vladimir A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper discusses spectral sensitivity of solitary and binary pulsars to a low-frequency (colored) noise. It is a third paper in a series of papers devoted to analysis of the low-frequency noise in pulsar timing observations and its impact on observable fitting parameters of timing model.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures, accepted to MNRAS
How much laser power can propagate through fusion plasma?
Creators: name: Lushnikov, Pavel M.
name: Rose, Harvey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Propagation of intense laser beams is crucial for inertial confinement fusion, which requires precise beam control to achieve the compression and heating necessary to ignite the fusion reaction. The National Ignition Facility (NIF), where fusion will be attempted, is now under construction. Control of intense beam propagation may be ruined by laser beam self-focusing. We have identified the maximum laser beam power that can propagate through fusion plasma without significant self-focusing and have found excellent agreement with recent experimental data, and suggest a way to increase that maximum by appropriate choice of plasma composition with implication for NIF designs. Our theory also leads to the prediction of anti-correlation between beam spray and backscatter and suggests the indirect control of backscatter through manipulation of plasma ionization state or acoustic damping.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion
Mechanical Stretching of Proteins: Calmodulin and Titin
Creators: name: Cieplak, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mechanical unfolding of several domains of calmodulin and titin is studied using a Go-like model with a realistic contact map and Lennard-Jones contact interactions. It is shown that this simple model captures the experimentally observed difference between the two proteins: titin is a spring that is tough and strong whereas calmodulin acts like a weak spring with featureless force-displacement curves. The difference is related to the dominance of the alpha secondary structures in the native structure of calmodulin. The tandem arrangements of calmodulin unwind simultaneously in each domain whereas the domains in titin unravel in a serial fashion. The sequences of contact events during unraveling are correlated with the contact order, i.e. with the separation between contact making amino acids along the backbone in the native state. Temperature is found to affect stretching in a profound way.
description: To be published in a special bio-issue of Physica A; 14 figures
Partial Breaking of N=2 Supersymmetry and of Gauge Symmetry in the U(N) Gauge Model
Creators: name: Fujiwara, Kazuhito
name: Itoyama, Hiroshi
name: Sakaguchi, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore vacua of the U(N) gauge model with N=2 supersymmetry recently constructed in hep-th/0409060. In addition to the vacuum previously found with unbroken U(N) gauge symmetry in which N=2 supersymmetry is partially broken to N=1, we find cases in which the gauge symmetry is broken to a product gauge group \prod_{i=1}^n U(N_i). The N=1 vacua are selected by the requirement of a positive definite Kahler metric. We obtain the masses of the supermultiplets appearing on the N=1 vacua.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures; references added and typos corrected
Evolved Galaxies at z > 1.5 from the Gemini Deep Deep Survey: The Formation Epoch of Massive Stellar Systems
Creators: name: McCarthy, Patrick J.
name: Borgne, Damien Le
name: Crampton, David
name: Chen, Hsiao-Wen
name: Abraham, Roberto G.
name: Glazebrook, Karl
name: Savaglio, Sandra
name: Carlberg, Raymond G.
name: Marzke, Ronald O.
name: Roth, Kathy
name: Jorgensen, Inger
name: Hook, Isobel
name: Murowinski, Richard
name: Juneau, Stephanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spectroscopic evidence from the Gemini Deep Deep Survey (GDDS) for a significant population of color-selected red galaxies at 1.3 < z < 2.2 whose integrated light is dominated by evolved stars. Unlike radio-selected objects, the z > 1.5 old galaxies have a sky density > 0.1 per sq. arcmin. Conservative age estimates for 20 galaxies with z > 1.3; = 1.49, give a median age of 1.2 Gyr and = 2.4. One quarter of the galaxies have inferred z_f > 4. Models restricted to abundances less than or equal to solar give median ages and z_f of 2.3 Gyr and 3.3, respectively. These galaxies are among the most massive and contribute approximately 50% of the stellar mass density at 1 < z < 2. The derived ages and most probable star formation histories suggest a high star-formation-rate (300-500 solar masses per year) phase in the progenitor population. We argue that most of the red galaxies are not descendants of the typical z=3 Lyman break galaxies. Galaxies associated with luminous sub-mm sources have the requisite star formation rates to be the progenitor population. Our results point toward early and rapid formation for a significant fraction of present day massive galaxies.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, Accepted for publication, ApJ Letters
NGC 6791: an exotic open cluster or the nucleus of a tidally disrupted galaxy?
Creators: name: Carraro, Giovanni
name: Villanova, Sandro
name: Demarque, Pierre
name: McSwain, M. Virginia
name: Piotto, Giampaolo
name: Bedin, Luigi R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on high resolution Echelle spectroscopy of 20 giant stars in the Galactic old open clusters NGC 6791 obtained with Hydra at the WIYN telescope. High precision radial velocity allow us to isolate 15 {\it bona fide} cluster members. From 10 of them we derive a global [M/H]=+0.39$\pm$0.05. We therefore confirm that NGC 6791 is extremely metal rich, exhibits a few marginally sub-solar abundance ratios, and within the resolution of our spectra does not show evidences of spread in metal abundance. With these new data we re-derive the cluster fundamental parameters suggesting that it is about 8 Gyr old and 4.3 kpc far from the Sun. The combination of its chemical properties, age, position, and Galactic orbit hardly makes NGC 6791 a genuine Population I open cluster. We discuss possible interpretations of the cluster peculiarities suggesting that the cluster might be what remains of a much larger system, whose initial potential well could have been sufficient to produce high metallicity stars, and which has been depopulated by the tidal field of the Galaxy. Alternatively, its current properties may be explained by the perturbation of the Galactic bar on an object originated well inside the solar ring, where the metal enrichment had been very fast.
description: 29 pages, 10 eps figure, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Strong dust processing in circumstellar discs around 6 RV Tauri stars. Are dusty RV Tauri stars all binaries?
Creators: name: De Ruyter, S.
name: Van Winckel, H.
name: Dominik, C.
name: Waters, L. B. F. M.
name: Dejonghe, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present extended Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) of seven classical RV Tauri stars, using newly obtained submillimetre continuum measurements and Geneva optical photometry supplemented with literature data. The broad-band SEDs show a large IR excess with a black-body slope at long wavelengths in six of the seven stars, R Sct being the noticeable exception. This long wavelength slope is best explained assuming the presence of a dust component of large grains in the circumstellar material. We show that the most likely distribution of the circumstellar dust around the six systems is that the dust resides in a disc. Moreover, very small outflow velocities are needed to explain the presence of dust near the sublimation temperature and we speculate that the discs are Keplerian. The structure and evolution of these compact discs are as yet not understood but a likely prerequisite for their formation is that the dusty RV Tauri stars are binaries.
description: 10 pages, will be published in A&A
Diophantine definability of infinite discrete non-archimedean sets and Diophantine models over large subrings of number fields
Creators: name: Poonen, Bjorn
name: Shlapentokh, Alexandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11U05, 11G05

description: We prove that infinite p-adically discrete sets have Diophantine definitions in large subrings of some number fields. First, if K is a totally real number field or a totally complex degree-2 extension of a totally real number field, then there exists a prime p of K and a set of K-primes S of density arbitrarily close to 1 such that there is an infinite p-adically discrete set that is Diophantine over the ring O_{K,S} of S-integers in K. Second, if K is a number field over which there exists an elliptic curve of rank 1, then there exists a set of K-primes S of density 1 and an infinite Diophantine subset of O_{K,S} that is v-adically discrete for every place v of K. Third, if K is a number field over which there exists an elliptic curve of rank 1, then there exists a set of K-primes S of density 1 such that there exists a Diophantine model of Z over O_{K,S}. This line of research is motivated by a question of Mazur concerning the distribution of rational points on varieties in a non-archimedean topology and questions concerning extensions of Hilbert's Tenth Problem to subrings of number fields.
description: 17 pages
RECOVERING LOCALIZED INFORMATION ON AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURE UNDERLYING DATA CONFIDENTIALITY REGULATIONS - POTENTIALS OF DIFFERENT DATA AGGREGATION AND SEGREGATION TECHNIQUES
Creators: name: Gocht, Alexander
name: Roeder, Norbert
name: Gocht, Alexander
name: Roeder, Norbert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Highest Posterior Density estimator (HPD)
subject: RAUMIS
subject: locally weighted average (LWA)

description: The modelling and information system RAUMIS is used for policy impact assessment to measure the impact of agriculture on the environment. The county level resolution often limits the analysis and a further disaggregation at the municipality level would reduce aggregation bias and improve the assessment. Although the necessary data exists in Germany, data protection rules (DPR) prohibit their direct use. With methods such as the Locally Weighted Averages (LWA), and with aggregation singling production activities into larger groups of activities, the data at the municipality level can be made publicly available. However, this reduces the information content and introduces an additional error. This paper’s aim is to investigate how much information is necessary to satisfactorily estimate Germany-wide production activity levels at the municipality level and whether the data requirements are still in compliance with the DPR. We apply Highest Posterior Density (HPD) estimation, which is easily able to include sample information as prior. We tested different prior information content at the municipality level. However, the goodness of the developed estimation approach can only be evaluated having knowledge about the population. Because the real population is not known to us, we took advantage of the special situation in Bavaria and derived a pseudo population for that region. This is used to draw information conforming to DPR for our estimation and to evaluate the resulting estimates. We found that the proposed approach is capable of adequately estimating most activities without violating the DPR. These findings allow us to extend the approach towards the Germany-wide municipality coverage in RAUMIS.
Solving inverse problems using conditional invertible neural networks
Creators: name: Padmanabha, Govinda Anantha
name: Zabaras, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Inverse modeling for computing a high-dimensional spatially-varying property field from indirect sparse and noisy observations is a challenging problem. This is due to the complex physical system of interest often expressed in the form of multiscale PDEs, the high-dimensionality of the spatial property of interest, and the incomplete and noisy nature of observations. To address these challenges, we develop a model that maps the given observations to the unknown input field in the form of a surrogate model. This inverse surrogate model will then allow us to estimate the unknown input field for any given sparse and noisy output observations. Here, the inverse mapping is limited to a broad prior distribution of the input field with which the surrogate model is trained. In this work, we construct a two- and three-dimensional inverse surrogate models consisting of an invertible and a conditional neural network trained in an end-to-end fashion with limited training data. The invertible network is developed using a flow-based generative model. The developed inverse surrogate model is then applied for an inversion task of a multiphase flow problem where given the pressure and saturation observations the aim is to recover a high-dimensional non-Gaussian permeability field where the two facies consist of heterogeneous permeability and varying length-scales. For both the two- and three-dimensional surrogate models, the predicted sample realizations of the non-Gaussian permeability field are diverse with the predictive mean being close to the ground truth even when the model is trained with limited data.
description: 58 pages, 20 figures
P2p-hgkm : an efficient hierarchical group key management protocol for mobile ad-hoc networks
Creators: name: Peng, Peng
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Wireless networks are growing rapidly in recent years and research in wireless technology is gaining increasing attention, especially in the area of security. Our thesis addresses an interesting security problem in wireless ad-hoc network: the P2P dynamic secure group key establishment. To secure group communication in an ad-hoc network, a group key shared by all group members is required. This group key should be updated when there are membership changes in the group, e.g. when a new member joins or a current member leaves. In this thesis, we propose a novel efficient P2P hierarchical group key management protocol for ad-hoc networks. We introduce a two-level hierarchical structure and a new scheme of group key update. The idea is to divide the group into subgroups; each maintains its subgroup key and links with other subgroups in a ring structure. A salient feature of our scheme is that group key gets updated and managed in a P2P manner. By introducing subgroups, public encryptions, and unicasts in key updates, will be limited in one subgroup and computation load is distributed to many hosts. Both theoretical analysis and experiment results show that our protocol performs well for the key establishment problem in ad-hoc network in terms of both computing cost and bandwidth overhead.
Additional file 2 of Biomarkers of intake for tropical fruits
Creators: name: Vázquez-Manjarrez, N.
name: M. Ulaszewska
name: M. Garcia-Aloy
name: F. Mattivi
name: G. Praticò
name: L. O. Dragsted
name: C. Manach
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Summary of selected candidate, putative and excluded biomarkers of food intake tropical fruits, measured in biofluids1.
Tools for exploring and editing crosscutting concerns
Creators: name: Janzen, Doug
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Typical programming languages allow only a single decomposition of a program into source files. This results in concerns that are difficult to work with because they cut across the primary decomposition. Current development environments do not provide adequate support for working with crosscutting structure because multiple tools are required to perform even simple explorations, forcing the developer to remember how parts of the code are related to one another, and causing disorientation by having to switch back and forth between multiple views. Furthermore editing of crosscutting structure must be done within the context of the single decomposition provided by the source files. In this thesis we present the design and implementation of two prototype tools for working with crosscutting structure. With the JQuery protoype developers can construct many kinds of browsers by writing queries over program structure, and then incrementally extend these browsers to explore complex relationships between various code elements. With JQuery developers are able to perform complex explorations in the context of a single view, reducing disorientation. Their exploration path is explicitly maintained, thus reducing cognitive overhead. A case study was conducted that provides preliminary evidence for the usefulness of JQuery in performing a realistic development task involving crosscutting concerns. The Decal prototype supports the editing of crosscutting structure through the use of virtual source files (VSFs) that provide two mutally crosscutting points of view. In the classes view each VSF contains all the declarations related to a particular class. The modules view provides an alternate decomposition where each VSF may contain declarations from multiple classes. Each VSF is generated from a single common representation of the program strucure so that edits to a VSF in one view will be reflected in VSFs from the other view. By using Decal developers are not restricted to editing programs according to the single primary decomposition, but are able to choose either one of two decompositions that is most suitable to the particular task at hand.
Universal uncertainty principle and quantum state control under conservation laws
Creators: name: Ozawa, Masanao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, exemplified by the gamma ray thought experiment, suggests that any finite precision measurement disturbs any observables noncommuting with the measured observable. Here, it is shown that this statement contradicts the limit of the accuracy of measurements under conservation laws originally found by Wigner in 1950s, and should be modified to correctly derive the unavoidable noise caused by the conservation law induced decoherence. The obtained accuracy limit leads to an interesting conclusion that a widely accepted, but rather naive, physical encoding of qubits for quantum computing suffers significantly from the decoherence induced by the angular momentum conservation law.
description: 4 pages, to appear in the Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Quantum Communication, Measurement and Computing
Additional file 1 of Influence of China’s 2009 healthcare reform on the utilisation of continuum of care for maternal health services: evidence from two cross-sectional household surveys in Shaanxi Province
Creators: name: Fan, Xiaojing
name: Kumar, Meghan Bruce
name: Zhongliang Zhou
name: Ching-Hung Lee
name: Duolao Wang
name: Haixia Liu
name: Shaonong Dang
name: Jianmin Gao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Questionnaire S1. The household questionnaire of the fourth National Health Service Survey. Supplementary Questionnaire S2. The household questionnaire of the fifth National Health Service Survey.
Two-dimensional tetramer-cuprate Na5RbCu4(AsO4)4Cl2: phase transitions and AFMorder as seen by 87Rb NMR
Creators: name: Stern, Raivo
name: Heinmaa, Ivo
name: Kriisa, Annika
name: Joon, Enno
name: Vija, Sirje
name: Clayhold, Jeffrey
name: Kartin-Ulutagay, Mutlu
name: Mo, Xunhua
name: Queen, Wendy
name: Hwu, Shiou-Jyh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the Rb nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results in a recently synthesized Na5RbCu4(AsO4)Cl2. This complex novel two-dimensional (2D) cuprate is an unique magnetic material, which contains layers of coupled Cu4O4 tetramers. In zero applied magnetic field, it orders antiferromagnetically via a second-order low-entropy phase transition at TN = 15(1) K. We characterise the ordered state by 87Rb NMR, and suggest for it a noncollinear rather than collinear arrangement of spins. We discuss the properties of Rb nuclear site and point out the new structural phase transition(s) around 74 K and 110 K.
description: 2 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of SCES'05, Vienna 2005
From physical sensors to human-as-a-sensor: human behavior learning with heterogeneous cyber-physical systems
Creators: name: Yang, Yu
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: Since the Coke machine was first connected on the Internet in Pittsburgh, an idea be- gan to spread: a vision of an interconnected world where information on most everyday objects was accessible. Following this vision, scientists and engineers have developed this idea into a concept called Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) or Internet of Things (IoT), which interconnects a large number of heterogeneous devices, from traditional desktop PCs to smartphones, from household appliances to wearable devices. However, a key element, e.g., human beings, is less studied compared to the physical and cyber components, which is of great importance considering the intrinsic purpose of CPS is to serve humans. In this dissertation, we study the problem of human behavior learning and decision making in heterogeneous Cyber-Physical Systems. Our work explores a wide range of large-scale urban physical systems including a citywide cellular network system, a citywide on-demand delivery system, a statewide payment system, and a nationwide vehicular system. Based on the data collected from these systems, our work focuses on two fundamental challenges that are unique in the human-in-the-loop urban CPS. Based on the data collected from these systems, my work focuses on two fundamental challenges that are unique in the human-in-the-loop urban CPS: (i) Human Behavior Learning: learning human behavior such as vehicular mobility behavior, data usage behavior, payment behavior, and delivery behavior; (ii) Decision Making: making decisions based on the knowledge from human behavior learning such as traffic control, load balancing, insurance pricing, and delivery scheduling. Specifically, for human behavior learning, we focus on three aspects: (i) learning from stationary sensing systems: we present a real-time vehicular mobility prediction model VeMo, which predicts the locations of all the vehicles on highways only based on extreme sparse data collected from electronic toll collection systems; (ii) learning from mobile sensing systems: we present a prediction model Mohen based on two heterogeneous systems to complement each other, which predicts vehicular mobility even after leaving the coverage of one. (iii) learning from human-as-a-sensor sensing systems: we present an indoor localization method to infer couriers’ indoor mobility based on couriers’ manual reporting in an on-demand delivery platform. These three works are implemented and evaluated with real-world data from two Chinese cities Shenzhen and Shanghai. The results demonstrate human behavior learning and decision making can be well integrated into urban CPS, which outperform the state-of-the-art in different scenarios.
Additional file 1 of Biomarkers of intake for tropical fruits
Creators: name: Vázquez-Manjarrez, N.
name: M. Ulaszewska
name: M. Garcia-Aloy
name: F. Mattivi
name: G. Praticò
name: L. O. Dragsted
name: C. Manach
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Validation criteria for biomarkers of food intake as established by Dragsted et al.
Delayed onset and the transition to late time growth in viscous fingering
Creators: name: Videbæk, Thomas E
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Viscous fingering patterns form in confined geometries at the interface between two fluids as the lower-viscosity fluid displaces the one with higher viscosity. Previous studies have examined the most unstable wavelength of the patterns that form using both linear-stability analysis and the dynamics of finger growth in the nonlinear regime. Interesting differences in dynamics have been seen between rectilinear and radial geometries as well as between fluid pairs that are immiscible (with interfacial tension) or miscible (with negligible interfacial tension). This paper reports measurements of how all of these systems transition from the linearly unstable regime to their late time, nonlinear dynamics. In all four cases there is a region of stable or slow growth characterized by an onset length scale before fingers enter the late-time regime. For immiscible fluids in a rectilinear geometry this onset length is consistent with linear-stability analyses. All other cases are not adequately described by existing theory. In radial geometries, the onset length predicted from theory is an order of magnitude smaller than what is experimentally observed and has the incorrect scaling with dimensionless numbers. For miscible fluids in a rectilinear geometry the onset length is related to the development of steady-state structures within the confining dimension and cannot be explained by quasi-two dimensional theories. By combining the onset length with the finger growth rate measured after onset, the global patterns that form well into the late-time dynamics can be predicted.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures
Adsorption and Diffusion of Pt and Au on the Stoichiometric and Reduced TiO2 Rutile (110) Surfaces
Creators: name: Iddir, Hakim
name: Ogut, Serdar
name: Browning, Nigel D.
name: Disco, Mark M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A comparative first principles pseudopotential study of the adsorption and migration profiles of single Pt and Au atoms on the stoichiometric and reduced TiO2 rutile (110) surfaces is presented. Pt and Au behave similarly with respect to (i) most favorable adsorption sites, which are found to be the hollow and substitutional sites on the stoichiometric and reduced surfaces, respectively, (ii) the large increase in their binding energy (by ~1.7 eV) when the surface is reduced, and (iii) their low migration barrier near 0.15 eV on the stoichiometric surface. Pt, on the other hand, binds more strongly (by ~2 eV) to both surfaces. On the stoichiometric surface, Pt migration pattern is expected to be one-dimensional, which is primarily influenced by interactions with O atoms. Au migration is expected to be two-dimensional, with Au-Ti interactions playing a more important role. On the reduced surface, the migration barrier for Pt diffusion is significantly larger compared to Au.
description: 3 figures, 1 table, submitted to PRB
Evolution Features and Behavior Characters of Friendship Networks on Campus Life
Creators: name: Yang, Zongkai
name: Su, Zhu
name: Liu, Sannyuya
name: Liu, Zhi
name: Ke, Wenxiang
name: Zhao, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analyzing and mining students' behaviors and interactions from big data is an essential part of education data mining. Based on the data of campus smart cards, which include not only static demographic information but also dynamic behavioral data from more than 30000 anonymous students, in this paper, the evolution features of friendship and the relations between behavior characters and student interactions are investigated. On the one hand, four different evolving friendship networks are constructed by means of the friend ties proposed in this paper, which are extracted from monthly consumption records. In addition, the features of the giant connected components (GCCs) of friendship networks are analyzed via social network analysis (SNA) and percolation theory. On the other hand, two high-level behavior characters, orderliness and diligence, are adopted to analyze their associations with student interactions. Our experiment/empirical results indicate that the sizes of friendship networks have declined with time growth and both the small-world effect and power-law degree distribution are found in friendship networks. Second, the results of the assortativity coefficient of both orderliness and diligence verify that there are strong peer effects among students. Finally, the percolation analysis of orderliness on friendship networks shows that a phase transition exists, which is enlightening in that swarm intelligence can be realized by intervening the key students near the transition point.
Strain-magneto-optics in CoFe2O4: magneto-absorption in Voight geometry
Creators: name: Sukhorukov, Yu. P.
name: Telegin, A. V.
name: Bebenin, N. G.
name: Naumov, S. V.
name: Nossov, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The infrared optical, magneto-optical and magnetostrictive properties of CoFe2O4 single crystal are considered. The magneto-transmission and magneto-reflection of natural light in magnetostrictive CoFe2O4 spinel are studied in the Voight experimental geometry. These magneto-optical effects are very high and associate with a change of the fundamental absorption edge and impurity absorption bands under magnetic field. It is presented the effects strongly depend on both the magnitude and orientation of magnetic field relative to the crystallographic axes of the crystal. The clear connection between magneto-absorption of light in the infrared spectral range and magnetostriction of CoFe2O4 spinel is established. The contribution of magnetostriction to the magnetic anisotropy constant of the CoFe2O4 crystal is shown to be abnormally great.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Level Crossing Analysis of Burgers Equation in 1+1 Dimensions
Creators: name: Movahed, M. Sadegh
name: Bahraminasab, A.
name: Rezazadeh, H.
name: Masoudi, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the average frequency of positive slope $ν_α^{+}$, crossing the velocity field $u(x)- \bar u = α$ in the Burgers equation. The level crossing analysis in the inviscid limit and total number of positive crossing of velocity field before creation of singularities are given. The main goal of this paper is to show that this quantity, $ν_α^{+}$, is a good measure for the fluctuations of velocity fields in the Burgers turbulence.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Understanding the survival of foodborne pathogens in low water activity foods using mathematical modeling and genomic analysis
Creators: name: Igo, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: Low water activity foods have been associated with large scale foodborne disease outbreaks. While these foods do not permit the growth of foodborne pathogens including Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes, research has shown these organisms can survive for long periods, up to several years in some cases. While research in this area has expanded recently, the factors that influence bacterial survival are still not well understood.This dissertation includes a literature review and research in five related areas. Models of published data showed that temperature, water activity, inoculum growing method, inoculum carrier, and strain type all significantly influenced survival pathogen survival. Laboratory experiments quantified factors that influenced the survival of multiple strains of Salmonella grown and inoculated under different conditions to verify previous modeling results. Models for the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on Salmonella survival showed that the combined influence of temperature and water activity significantly influenced the rate of Salmonella survival and a biphasic model best described the survival curve. Genomic analysis of strain-to-strain Salmonella differences found that single nucleotide polymorphism analysis is not solely sufficient in understanding differences in physiological behavior. Investigation of inoculation preparation methods using high resolution microscopic imaging of desiccated Salmonella on stainless steel surfaces showed difference due to both inoculation preparation and strain type.
Additional file 1 of The influence of antidepressant and psychotherapy treatment adherence on future work leaves for patients with major depressive disorder
Creators: name: Gaspar, Fraser W.
name: Wizner, Kerri
name: Morrison, Joshua
name: Dewa, Carolyn S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.