cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Flexible Trade Policies in Agriculture Sectors of Developing Countries: Proposing a Technical Approach for Sri Lanka
Creators: name: Herath, Anura
name: Herath, Anura
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Sri Lanka
subject: trade liberalization
subject: market access
subject: special products
subject: special safeguard mechanisms

description: After two decades of liberalized economic policies together with early accession to WTO, Sri Lanka could not achieve the exp ected fast economic growth. Agriculture growth in particular fell sharply. WTO Doha round expects a deeper liberalization. Instead, we will benefit more from being a friend of the "Development Box" and securing flexibility in tariff revisions. In asserting this, the paper analyzes impacts of liberalized policies on agriculture, stress the need for flexible trade policies and formulate a design for self designating Special Products (SP) and Special Safeguard Mechanisms (SSM). The past economic growth favoured mostly urbanised population. Sluggish rural agricultural growth, hurt with increased food imports, was the main cause of this unbalance development. Therefore the sustainable growth of the agriculture sector, facilitated by some protection, is necessary for equitable economic development. As the country budget restricts domestic support, the SP and SSM modalities would be the most suitable protective tools. WTO Hong Kong meeting allows flexibility in tariff schedules to address rural development (RD), food security (FS) and livelihood security (LS) needs through protection. The study identified appropriate criteria to designate agriculture products contributing to RD, FS, and LS for protection from dumping and import surges. The study recommends SP and also Volume and Price triggers for products as appropriate to invoke SSM for Sri Lanka.
Crystal structure and high-field magnetism of La2CuO4
Creators: name: Reehuis, M.
name: Ulrich, C.
name: Prokes, K.
name: Gozar, A.
name: Blumberg, G.
name: Komiya, Seiki
name: Ando, Yoichi
name: Pattison, P.
name: Keimer, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron diffraction was used to determine the crystal structure and magnetic ordering pattern of a La2CuO4 single crystal, with and without applied magnetic field. A previously unreported, subtle monoclinic distortion of the crystal structure away from the orthorhombic space group Bmab was detected. The distortion is also present in lightly Sr-doped crystals. A refinement of the crystal structure shows that the deviation from orthorhombic symmetry is predominantly determined by displacements of the apical oxygen atoms. An in-plane magnetic field is observed to drive a continuous reorientation of the copper spins from the orthorhombic b-axis to the c-axis, directly confirming predictions based on prior magnetoresistance and Raman scattering experiments. A spin-flop transition induced by a c-axis oriented field previously reported for non-stoichiometric La2CuO4 is also observed, but the transition field (11.5 T) is significantly larger than that in the previous work.
Bottom-Up Approach to Moduli Dynamics in Heavy Gravitino Scenario : Superpotential, Soft Terms and Sparticle Mass Spectrum
Creators: name: Endo, Motoi
name: Yamaguchi, Masahiro
name: Yoshioka, Koichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physics of moduli fields is examined in the scenario where the gravitino is relatively heavy with mass of order 10 TeV, which is favored in view of the severe gravitino problem. The form of the moduli superpotential is shown to be determined, if one imposes a phenomenological requirement that no physical CP phase arise in gaugino masses from conformal anomaly mediation. This bottom-up approach allows only two types of superpotential, each of which can have its origins in a fundamental underlying theory such as superstring. One superpotential is the sum of an exponential and a constant, which is identical to that obtained by Kachru et al (KKLT), and the other is the racetrack superpotential with two exponentials. The general form of soft supersymmetry breaking masses is derived, and the pattern of the superparticle mass spectrum in the minimal supersymmetric standard model is discussed with the KKLT-type superpotential. It is shown that the moduli mediation and the anomaly mediation make comparable contributions to the soft masses. At the weak scale, the gaugino masses are rather degenerate compared to the minimal supergravity, which bring characteristic features on the superparticle masses. In particular, the lightest neutralino, which often constitutes the lightest superparticle and thus a dark matter candidate, is a considerable admixture of gauginos and higgsinos. We also find a small mass hierarchy among the moduli, gravitino, and superpartners of the standard-model fields. Cosmological implications of the scenario are briefly described.
description: 45 pages, 10 figures, typos corrected
Law of One Price in International Commodity Markets: A Fractional Cointegration Analysis
Creators: name: Mohanty, Samarendu
name: Smith, Darnell B.
name: Peterson, E. Wesley F.
name: Meyers, William H.
name: Mohanty, Samarendu
name: Smith, Darnell B.
name: Peterson, E. Wesley F.
name: Meyers, William H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper examine the Law of One Price (LOP) in the International Commodity markets using a fractional cointegration analysis. Out of nine pairs of price series examined, fractional cointegration supports the existence of the LOP in eight cases as compared to three cases as in standard cointegration process.
Extended Gravitational Decoupled Solutions in Self-interacting Brans-Dicke Theory
Creators: name: Sharif, M.
name: Majid, Amal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we construct anisotropic spherical solutions from known isotropic solutions through extended gravitational decoupling method in the background of self-interacting Brans-Dicke theory. The field equations are decoupled into two sets by applying geometric deformations on radial as well as temporal metric components. The first array corresponds to isotropic fluid while influence of the anisotropic source is confined to the second set. The isotropic sector is determined through metric functions of isotropic solutions (Tolman IV/Krori-Barua) whereas two constraints on the anisotropic source are required to close the second system. The impact of the massive scalar field as well as the decoupling parameter on the physical characteristics of the anisotropic solutions is analyzed graphically. We also check the viability, compactness, surface redshift and stability of the obtained solutions. It is found that the resulting solutions follow accepted physical trend for some values of the decoupling parameter.
description: 29 pages, 20 figures
MPEC 2024-T239 : 2024 TW9
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 TW9

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Competition between Interactions and Randomness in Photoinduced Synchronization of Charge Oscillations on a Dimer Lattice
Creators: name: Shimada, Toshiya
name: Yonemitsu, Kenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The synchronization of charge oscillations after photoexcitation that has been realized through the emergence of an electronic breathing mode on dimer lattices is studied here from the viewpoint of the competition between interactions and randomness. We employ an extended Hubbard model at three-quarter filling on a simple dimer lattice and add random numbers to all transfer integrals between nearest-neighbor sites. Photoinduced dynamics are calculated using the time-dependent Schrödinger equation by the exact diagonalization method. Although the randomness tends to unsynchronize charge oscillations on different bonds during and after photoexcitation, sufficiently strong on-site repulsion $U$ overcomes this effect and synchronizes these charge oscillations some time after strong photoexcitation. The degree of synchronization is evaluated using an order parameter that is derived from the time profiles of the current densities on all bonds. As to the nearest-neighbor interaction $V$, if $V$ is weakly attractive, it increases the order parameter by facilitating the charge oscillations. The relevance of these findings to previously reported experimental and theoretical results for the organic conductor $κ$-(bis[ethylenedithio]tetrathiafulvalene)$_2$Cu[N(CN)$_2$]Br is discussed.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
An Open Inflationary Model for Dimensional Reduction and its Effects on the Observable Parameters of the Universe
Creators: name: Karaca, Koray
name: Bayin, Selcuk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assuming that higher dimensions existed in the early stages of the universe where the evolution was inflationary, we construct an open, singularity-free, spatially homogeneous and isotropic cosmological model to study the effects of dimensional reduction that may have taken place during the early stages of the universe. We consider dimensional reduction to take place in a stepwise manner and interpret each step as a phase transition. By imposing suitable boundary conditions we trace their effects on the present day parameters of the universe.
description: 5 pages, accepted for publication in Int. J. of Mod. Phys. A
Producer Subsidy Equivalents and Evaluation of Support to Russian Agricultural Producers
Creators: name: Strokov, Sergei
name: Meyers, William H.
name: Strokov, Sergei
name: Meyers, William H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: We critiqued the PSE method as it is traditionally applied. It can be concluded that it has severe limitations when it is applied to Russian agriculture during transition to a market economy. Many of the conditions and assumptions taken for granted in mature market economies cannot be assumed for transition economies, so the validity of PSE measures is questionable. The specific approaches are applied to calculate PSEs for Russian agriculture, emphasizing the unique structure of production and marketing channels. The appropriate interpretations of PSE estimations for major agricultural commodities are provided.
Consumers' Demand for Pork Quality: Applying Semantic Network Analysis
Creators: name: Grebitus, Carola
name: Bruhn, Maike
name: Grebitus, Carola
name: Bruhn, Maike
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: cognitive structures
subject: concept mapping
subject: food quality
subject: network analysis
subject: semantic networks
subject: spreading activation network model

description: Consideration of consumers' demand for food quality entails several aspects. Quality itself is a complex and dynamic concept, and constantly evolving technical progress may cause changes in consumers' judgment of quality. To improve our understanding of the factors influencing the demand for quality, food quality must be defined and measured from the consumer's perspective (Cardello, 1995). The present analysis addresses the issue of food quality, focusing on pork-the food that respondents were concerned about. To gain insight into consumers' demand, we analyzed their perception and evaluation and focused on their cognitive structures concerning pork quality. In order to more fully account for consumers' concerns about the origin of pork, in 2004 we conducted a consumer survey of private households. The qualitative approach of concept mapping was used to uncover the cognitive structures. Network analysis was applied to interpret the results. In order to make recommendations to enterprises, we needed to know what kind of demand emerges from the given food quality schema. By establishing the importance and relative positions of the attributes, we find that the country of origin and butcher may be the two factors that have the biggest influence on consumers' decisions about the purchase of pork.
Bound states of two-photon Rabi model at the collapse point
Creators: name: Kwan, Chan Ching
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a proof of the existence of novel bound states of the two-photon quantum Rabi model at the collapse point. The two-photon Rabi model is interesting not only for its important role on non-linear light-matter interaction, but also for the exhibition of many-energy-levels degenerating process called the "spectral collapse". The squeezing property of the two-photon annihilation and creation operators is the origin for this phenomenon which is well studied without the energy-slitting term $ω_0$. However, many numerical studies have pointed out that with the presence of $ω_0$ , some low-level isolated states exist while other high energy states collapse to $E=-\fracω{2}$, which known as incomplete spectral collapse. From the eigenvalue equation in real space, pair of second order differential equations, which are similarly to the Schrodinger equation, are derived at the collapse point. These differential equations provide explanation to the existence of isolated bound states below $E=-\fracω{2}$ with the presence of the spin slitting $ω_0$ and better numerical method to generate those bound states.
description: J. Phys. A: Math. Theor (2020)
Parameterizing the Power Spectrum: Beyond the Truncated Taylor Expansion
Creators: name: Abazajian, Kevork
name: Kadota, Kenji
name: Stewart, Ewan D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The power spectrum is traditionally parameterized by a truncated Taylor series: $ln P(k) = ln P_* + (n_*-1) ln(k/k_*) + {1/2} n'_* ln^2(k/k_*)$. It is reasonable to truncate the Taylor series if $|n'_* ln(k/k_*)| << |n_*-1|$, but it is not if $|n'_* ln(k/k_*)| \gtrsim |n_*-1|$. We argue that there is no good theoretical reason to prefer $|n'_*| << |n_*-1|$, and show that current observations are consistent with $|n'_* ln(k/k_*)| ~ |n_*-1|$ even for $|ln(k/k_*)| ~ 1$. Thus, there are regions of parameter space, which are both theoretically and observationally relevant, for which the traditional truncated Taylor series parameterization is inconsistent, and hence it can lead to incorrect parameter estimations. Motivated by this, we propose a simple extension of the traditional parameterization, which uses no extra parameters, but that, unlike the traditional approach, covers well motivated inflationary spectra with $|n'_*| ~ |n_*-1|$. Our parameterization therefore covers not only standard-slow-roll inflation models but also a much wider class of inflation models. We use this parameterization to perform a likelihood analysis for the cosmological parameters.
description: References added. Typo corrected
McGavran, Donald Anderson, The Bridges of God: A Study in the Strategy of Missions
Creators: name: Wieske, Günter
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 11 Nr. 3 (1962): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 11, Heft 3
Frame Dragging Effect on Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration of Neutron Star
Creators: name: Wen, De-hua
name: Chen, Wei
name: Hu, Jian-xun
name: Liu, Liang-gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate to the first order in the uniform angular velocity, the general relativity frame dragging effect of the moments of inertia and radii of gyration of two kinds of neutron stars are calculated in a relativistic $σ-ω$ model. The calculation shows that the dragging effect will diminish the moments of inertia and radii of gyration.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
On the quantitative optical properties of Au nanoparticles embedded in biological tissue phantoms
Creators: name: Araujo, J. C. R.
name: Monte, A. F. G.
name: Serrano, R. L.
name: Iwamoto, W.
name: Antunes, A.
name: Brener, O.
name: Foschini, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically investigated and quantified how gold (Au) metal nanoparticles (NPs) optical spectra change upon introduction into biological tissue phantoms environment, in which the AuNPs can agglomerate. Quantitative knowledge of how the AuNPs spectra and plasmon resonance wavelength change inside a phantom environment can provide many in-vitro and in-vivo plasmonic NPs-mediated applications. Because the plasmonic properties of metal NPs are dependent on their size, morphology, concentration and local environment, tuning the incident photon wavelength may increase the AuNPs plasmonic properties, on which applications such as plasmonic photothermal therapy and photonic gene circuits are based. Quantitatively analyzing optical absorption and scattering data, we were able to observe changes in the resonance peak positions and breadths, which are related to the distribution of the spherical AuNPs within the chitosan phantoms as a function of the particles size and concentration.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Graviton emission from a higher-dimensional black hole
Creators: name: Cornell, A. S.
name: Naylor, Wade
name: Sasaki, Misao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the graviton absorption probability (greybody factor) and the cross-section of a higher-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole (BH). We are motivated by the suggestion that a great many BHs may be produced at the LHC and bearing this fact in mind, for simplicity, we shall investigate the intermediate energy regime for a static Schwarzschild BH. That is, for $(2M)^{1/(n-1)}ω\sim 1$, where $M$ is the mass of the black hole and $ω$ is the energy of the emitted gravitons in $(2+n)$-dimensions. To find easily tractable solutions we work in the limit $l \gg 1$, where $l$ is the angular momentum quantum number of the graviton.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, references added, typos corrected. Graviton degeneracy factor included; main results remain unchanged
THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON STREAM FLOW IN THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN: A REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL PERSPECTIVE
Creators: name: Jha, Manoj K.
name: Pan, Zaitao
name: Takle, Eugene S.
name: Gu, Roy
name: Jha, Manoj K.
name: Pan, Zaitao
name: Takle, Eugene S.
name: Gu, Roy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: climate change
subject: hydrological modeling
subject: RCM
subject: SWAT
subject: uncertainty analysis
subject: Upper Mississippi River Basin

description: We evaluate the impact of climate change on stream flow in the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB) by using a regional climate model (RCM) coupled with a hydrologic model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model was calibrated and validated against measured stream flow data using observed weather data and inputs from the Environmental Protection Agency's BASINS (Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources) geographical information/database system. The combined performance of the SWAT and RCM was examined using observed weather data as a lateral boundary condition in the RCM. The SWAT and RCM were found to perform well, especially on an annual basis. The potential impacts of climate change on water yield and other hydrologic budget components were then quantified by driving SWAT with current and future climates. A 21 percent increase in future precipitation simulated by the RCM produced an 18 percent increase in snowfall, a 51 percent increase in surface runoff, and a 43 percent increase in groundwater recharge, resulting in a 50 percent net increase in total water yield in the UMRB on an annual basis. Uncertainty analysis showed that the simulated change in stream flow substantially exceeded model biases of the combined modeling system (with the largest bias being 18 percent), giving us relatively high confidence in the results.
MPEC 2024-T240 : 2024 TX9
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 TX9

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Building Robust Industrial Applicable Object Detection Models Using Transfer Learning and Single Pass Deep Learning Architectures
Creators: name: Puttemans, Steven
name: Callemein, Timothy
name: Goedemé, Toon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The uprising trend of deep learning in computer vision and artificial intelligence can simply not be ignored. On the most diverse tasks, from recognition and detection to segmentation, deep learning is able to obtain state-of-the-art results, reaching top notch performance. In this paper we explore how deep convolutional neural networks dedicated to the task of object detection can improve our industrial-oriented object detection pipelines, using state-of-the-art open source deep learning frameworks, like Darknet. By using a deep learning architecture that integrates region proposals, classification and probability estimation in a single run, we aim at obtaining real-time performance. We focus on reducing the needed amount of training data drastically by exploring transfer learning, while still maintaining a high average precision. Furthermore we apply these algorithms to two industrially relevant applications, one being the detection of promotion boards in eye tracking data and the other detecting and recognizing packages of warehouse products for augmented advertisements.
Level Crossing Analysis of the Stock Markets
Creators: name: Jafari, G. R.
name: Movahed, M. S.
name: Fazeli, S. M.
name: Tabar, M. Reza Rahimi
name: Masoudi, S. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We investigate the average frequency of positive slope $ν_α^{+}$, crossing for the returns of market prices. The method is based on stochastic processes which no scaling feature is explicitly required. Using this method we define new quantity to quantify stage of development and activity of stocks exchange. We compare the Tehran and western stock markets and show that some stocks such as Tehran (TEPIX) and New Zealand (NZX) stocks exchange are emerge, and also TEPIX is a non-active market and financially motivated to absorb capital.
description: 6 pages and 4 figures
CAN SPOT AND CONTRACT MARKETS CO-EXIST IN AGRICULTURE?
Creators: name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Carriquiry, Miguel A.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Carriquiry, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: contracting in agriculture
subject: spot markets
subject: yield risk

description: New production technologies, consumers who are more discriminating, and the need for improved coordination are among the forces driving the move from spot markets to contracts. Some worry that this tendency will result in the disappearance of spot markets, or at least that they will become too thin to be of help for an efficient price discovery process. Other authors point to the reduction in welfare of independent producers resulting from contracting in oligopsonistic industries. While a large body of literature is available tackling the contract versus spot market decision, much less is known about the reasons that lead to procurement in both markets. This paper provides a very simple model to study how fundamental economic factors influence the contracting behavior of farmers and processors. In the model, processors contract upstream into a competitive industry (farmers). We find that participation in both markets arises as a Nash equilibrium for a range of contract prices. We use numerical methods to examine the effects of fundamental economic factors on the relative size of the spot and contract markets and the effect of contract price on the relative profitability of farmers and processors.
Novel sum rules for the three-point sector of QCD
Creators: name: Aguilar, A. C.
name: Ferreira, M. N.
name: Papavassiliou, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For special kinematic configurations involving a single momentum scale, certain standard relations, originating from the Slavnov-Taylor identities of the theory, may be interpreted as ordinary differential equations for the ``kinetic term'' of the gluon propagator. The exact solutions of these equations exhibit poles at the origin, which are incompatible with the physical answer, known to diverge only logarithmically; their elimination hinges on the validity of two integral conditions that we denominate ``asymmetric'' and ``symmetric'' sum rules, depending on the kinematics employed in their derivation. The corresponding integrands contain components of the three-gluon vertex and the ghost-gluon kernel, whose dynamics are constrained when the sum rules are imposed. For the numerical treatment we single out the asymmetric sum rule, given that its support stems predominantly from low and intermediate energy regimes of the defining integral, which are physically more interesting. Adopting a combined approach based on Schwinger-Dyson equations and lattice simulations, we demonstrate how the sum rule clearly favors the suppression of an effective form factor entering in the definition of its kernel. The results of the present work offer an additional vantage point into the rich and complex structure of the three-point sector of QCD.
description: 34 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
INFECTIOUS DISEASE, PRODUCTIVITY, AND SCALE IN OPEN AND CLOSED ANIMAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Creators: name: Hennessy, David A.
name: Roosen, Jutta
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Hennessy, David A.
name: Roosen, Jutta
name: Jensen, Helen H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: feeder trade
subject: industrialization
subject: information
subject: Nash equilibrium
subject: vertical integration
subject: welfare

description: Comparative advantage motivates large trade flows in feeder animals throughout the world. Trade creates externalities when animal diseases can spread beyond the purchasing farm. When growers can choose between open and closed production systems, Nash equilibrium will likely involve socially excessive trading. Supply response to an increase in marginal costs may be positive. While first-best involves marketwide adoption of either an open-trade or closed-farm system, equilibrium may entail heterogeneous systems. If this is the case, then the feeder trade should be banned. Within a farm, we show how risk of infectious disease can create decreasing returns to scale when the technology is otherwise increasing in returns to scale. Control of disease risk through bilateral contracts or damage-control technologies will increase scale of production in fattening, while better sorting in feeder animal markets will have ambiguous effects on scale.
Formation of zinc phosphate coatings on aluminum alloys
Creators: name: Kok, Wai-Hoong
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis describes research to determine some of the factors that affect zinc phosphate coatings of aluminum alloys. The basic parameters for a coating bath to be used for dipping AA6061-T6 alloy are P-to-Zn atomic ratio, pH and F~ ion concentration, but the effect of acid etching in the pre-treatment was studied for both the AA6061-T6 and AA2024-T3 alloys. The surface characterization methods used are X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and the corrosion protection provided by the coatings formed are assessed by electrochemical polarization measurements. Three main zinc phosphate coating recipes used in this study are referred to as the highratio normal-zinc (h-Zn), normal-zinc (n-Zn) and low-zinc (/-Zn) formulations. It is shown that the h-Zn formulation (modified from n-Zn), with a P-to-Zn atomic ratio of 15, provides the best coating condition at the original pH as compared with the n-Zn and 1-Zn formulations. The coating baths have optimal pH values of 4 for the main types of coating recipe, and this is judged in terms of the quality of the coatings formed and by the observed corrosion resistance. The best coating recipes determined here are for the /-Zn process at pH 4 with 600-1000 ppm of added F⁻ and for the n-Zn process at pH 4 with 200-400 ppm F~. The inclusion of acid etching in the pre-treatment of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy yields better coatings than when mechanical polishing alone is used; it appears that the acid etching yields a rougher surface on which the coating nucleates more favorably. However, acid etching of the AA2024-T3 alloy results in the presence of enriched copper at the alloy/film interface, and the amount of copper detected by XPS increases with the time of the acid etching. A study was made of the effect of this copper enrichment on the zinc phosphate coating formed on the AA2024-T3 alloy. For the conditions studied, a 5 min acid etch leads to zinc phosphate coatings that have a uniform distribution of small crystallites and improved corrosion resistance. However, when the copper is in excess, for example from a 10 min acid etch, the coating formation is strongly inhibited
Automated analysis of eye-tracker-based human-human interaction studies
Creators: name: Callemein, Timothy
name: Van Beeck, Kristof
name: Brône, Geert
name: Goedemé, Toon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mobile eye-tracking systems have been available for about a decade now and are becoming increasingly popular in different fields of application, including marketing, sociology, usability studies and linguistics. While the user-friendliness and ergonomics of the hardware are developing at a rapid pace, the software for the analysis of mobile eye-tracking data in some points still lacks robustness and functionality. With this paper, we investigate which state-of-the-art computer vision algorithms may be used to automate the post-analysis of mobile eye-tracking data. For the case study in this paper, we focus on mobile eye-tracker recordings made during human-human face-to-face interactions. We compared two recent publicly available frameworks (YOLOv2 and OpenPose) to relate the gaze location generated by the eye-tracker to the head and hands visible in the scene camera data. In this paper we will show that the use of this single-pipeline framework provides robust results, which are both more accurate and faster than previous work in the field. Moreover, our approach does not rely on manual interventions during this process.
Location and the Low Income Experience: Analyses of Program Dynamics in the Iowa Family Investment Program
Creators: name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Keng, Shao-Hsun
name: Garasky, Steven B.
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Keng, Shao-Hsun
name: Garasky, Steven B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: In 1993, Iowa obtained a waiver to enact many of the key provisions of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) in its welfare assistance and initiated the Iowa Family Investment Program (FIP). We use Iowa state administrative data for the period 1993-95 and study why some low-income households successfully leave public assistance while others who leave later return. We focus on those who were active in FIP at the time of the program reforms. The research explores the role of employment, earnings, and other support such as the Food Stamp Program (FSP) and child support for recipients who leave FIP. Geographic (metro and nonmetro) differences are of specific interest. Reasons for recidivism are examined over time, with specific attention to local labor market conditions and factors that differentiate areas by degree of rural/metro location (various classifications). The analysis provides evidence on the effects of programmatic changes in Iowa's welfare programs. Among those active in FIP in all months of the two-year period, employment increased. Multivariate analysis of recidivism shows that during the first two quarters, those in nonmetro areas were more likely to return to FIP; however, after this initial period, the risk of return was very similar in the two areas. The analysis provides specific results for better understanding of the impact of recent reforms on low-income households in a state that is relatively rural.
Reinsuring Group Revenue Insurance with Exchange-Provided Revenue Contracts
Creators: name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Griffin, Steven C.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Griffin, Steven C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: exchange-based revenue
subject: agricultural insurance
subject: reinsurance
subject: risk management

description: Building on recent work by Mirand and Glauber (1997), this report shows that it is feasible to use exchange-based contracts as a substitute for the Standard Reinsurance Agreement (SRA). The contract we analyze here is a Group Revenue Contract, which would allow producers to guarantee against reductions in county-level revenues. The insurance company would then purchase put options on an exchange-based revenue contract to protect against statewide revenue shortfalls. The analysis suggests that this reinsurance tool would eliminate most though not all of the systemic risk associated with this product. The insurance company would have to purchase supplemental reinsurance to complement the exchange-based product, but the level of reinsurance needed would not be greater than under the current SRA. The use of this procedure would greatly reduce federal exposure to losses associated with the current SRA. Also, by allowing informed speculators to impute a fair level of price-yield correlation into the revenue contract and the options based on that contract, the ultimate cost of the product to farmers would be lower.
Estimating Vulnerability of U.S. Peanut Producers to Changes in Farm Support
Creators: name: Nadolnyak, Denis A.
name: Fletcher, Stanley M.
name: Nadolnyak, Denis A.
name: Fletcher, Stanley M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: In the paper, we make an attempt to estimate the supply of farmer stock peanuts in the Southeastern Region of the U.S. and evaluate production effects of the recent changes in farm support policies and of trade liberalization that have affected prices. The choice of estimation methodology is dictated by the unavailability of suitable time-series data due to heavily regulated nature of the U.S. peanut markets before 2002. Supply estimation is performed by estimating farm-level supply using cross-sectional survey data on farm-level costs and returns. Results show that producers not able to expand peanut acreage are likely to be vulnerable to price reductions, as there might exist economies of scale. Production on dry land is likely to remain unprofitable at the current price levels. The analysis is complicated by severe multicollinearity problems and noisiness of the input data explained by the fact that many input variables may be inverse proxies for land productivity, which varied because of the constraints imposed by the supply management policies.
Astrophysical bounds on supersymmetric dark-matter Q-balls
Creators: name: Kusenko, Alexander
name: Loveridge, Lee C.
name: Shaposhnikov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stable baryonic Q-balls, which appear in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model, could form at the end of cosmological inflation from fragmentation of the Affleck -- Dine condensate. We reconsider astrophysical constraints on such Q-balls as dark matter candidates. Baryonic Q-balls interact with matter by absorbing the baryon number and, effectively, leading to a rapid baryon number non-conservation. We have recently shown that this process can occur at a much faster rate than that used in previous calculations. As a consequence, stability of neutron stars imposes a stringent constraint on the types of Q-balls that can be dark matter. Only the Q-balls that correspond to baryonic flat directions lifted by baryon-number violating operators are allowed as dark-matter candidates.
description: 10 pages
The "supply-of-storage" for natural gas in California
Creators: name: Uria, Rocio
name: Williams, Jeffrey C.
name: Uria, Rocio
name: Williams, Jeffrey C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Do natural gas storage decisions in California respond to futures price spreads? Daily data about flows into and out of storage facilities in California over 2001-2005 and daily price spreads are used to investigate whether the net injection profile is consistent with the "supply-of-storage" curve deduced by Working for wheat. Storage decisions in California do seem to be influenced by intertemporal signals on NYMEX, but the magnitude of the effect is small. Strong seasonal and weekly cycles determine the net injection profile to a considerable extent. Regulatory requirements and operational constraints also limit the size of the response to intertemporal arbitrage opportunities. Results are surprisingly sensitive to the level of aggregation considered.
A Hedonic Analysis of Sheep and Goat Prices in a Changing Environment: The Role of Consumers and Implications for Management
Creators: name: Singh-Knights, Doolarie
name: Smith, Dennis K.
name: Knights, Marlon
name: Singh-Knights, Doolarie
name: Smith, Dennis K.
name: Knights, Marlon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: This paper examines whether buyers of live lambs and goats in the Northeast region have systematic preferences for specific live product attributes (age, weight, market class, sales lot size, market location and timing of sale) and whether they pay significantly different prices for these attributes consistent with their preferences. Non-linear hedonic models are estimated using auction price and quality data for live lambs and goats in specific Northeast markets. The results indicate that both lamb and goat buyers have systematic preferences for specific weight, market class and timing of sale, and that these preferences are implicitly reflected in prices offered in traditional auction markets. Producers can capitalize on price differences based on these attributes by targeting specific weight and market class categories and by better timing production and marketing undertakings.
Projective dynamics and classical gravitation
Creators: name: Albouy, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 70F05 (Primary) 53A20 (Secondary)

description: Given a real vector space V of finite dimension, together with a particular homogeneous field of bivectors that we call a "field of projective forces", we define a law of dynamics such that the position of the particle is a "ray" i.e. a half-line drawn from the origin of V. The impulsion is a bivector whose support is a 2-plane containing the ray. Throwing the particle with a given initial impulsion defines a projective trajectory. It is a curve in the space of rays S(V), together with an impulsion attached to each ray. In the simplest example where the force is identically zero, the curve is a straight line and the impulsion a constant bivector. A striking feature of projective dynamics appears: the trajectories are not parameterized. Among the projective force fields corresponding to a central force, the one defining the Kepler problem is simpler than those corresponding to other homogeneities. Here the thrown ray describes a quadratic cone whose section by a hyperplane corresponds to a Keplerian conic. An original point of view on the hidden symmetries of the Kepler problem emerges, and clarifies some remarks due to Halphen and Appell. We also get the unexpected conclusion that there exists a notion of divergence-free field of projective forces if and only if dim V=4. No metric is involved in the axioms of projective dynamics.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
Is More Distinction Better? The Welfare Effects of Adjusting Quality Grades
Creators: name: Ferrier, Peyton Michael
name: Ferrier, Peyton Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: Grading of agricultural commodities for quality is ubiquitous. By ensuring a minimum level for product qualities that can range over a broad spectrum, grading mitigates the asymmetric information problem, eliminates the repetition of costly inspection, and harmonizes pricing. Despite the potential for vast gradation by quality, only a limited number of coarse grades are typically available to consumers. While technology, costs and available information may limit the extent of grading, this coarseness, nonetheless, has important consumer and producer welfare effects. This paper shows that, even in the absence of consumer uncertainty and grading costs, both increasing the number of available grades and changing the standards of existing grades will alter and redistribute the total gains from trade. Producer or consumer groups can potentially increase their gains to trade simply by influencing the grading system. The model is related to rise of certification and branding programs in the beef industry in the last decade to supplement the longstanding grading program.
Dynamical dark energy with a constant vacuum energy density
Creators: name: Guberina, B.
name: Horvat, R.
name: Nikolic, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a holographic dark-energy model in which the Newton constant $G_{N}$ scales in such a way as to render the vacuum energy density a true constant. Nevertheless, the model acts as a dynamical dark-energy model since the scaling of $G_{N}$ goes at the expense of deviation of concentration of dark-matter particles from its canonical form and/or of promotion of their mass to a time-dependent quantity, thereby making the effective equation of state (EOS) variable and different from -1 at the present epoch. Thus the model has a potential to naturally underpin Dirac's suggestion for explaining the large-number hypothesis, which demands a dynamical $G_{N}$ along with the creation of matter in the universe. We show that with the aid of observational bounds on the variation of the gravitational coupling, the effective-field theory IR cutoff can be strongly restricted, being always closer to the future event horizon than to the Hubble distance. As for the observational side, the effective EOS restricted by observation can be made arbitrary close to -1, and therefore the present model can be considered as a ``minimal'' dynamical dark-energy scenario. In addition, for nonzero but small curvature $(|Ω_{k0}| \lsim 0.003)$, the model easily accommodates a transition across the phantom line for redshifts $z \lsim 0.2 $, as mildly favored by the data. A thermodynamic aspect of the scenario is also discussed.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures, revised, title modified, references added, to appear in Phys. Lett. B
Theoretical evidence for a dense fluid precursor to crystallization
Creators: name: Lutsko, James F.
name: Nicolis, Grégoire
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present classical density functional theory calculations of the free energy landscape for fluids below their triple point as a function of density and crystallinity. We find that for both a model globular protein and for a simple atomic fluid modeled with a Lennard-Jones interaction, it is free-energetically easier to crystallize by passing through a metastable dense fluid in accord with the Ostwald rule of stages but in contrast to the alternative of ordering and densifying at once as assumed in the classical picture of crystallization.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Pre-saturation phase in the frustrated ferro-antiferromagnet Pb$_2$VO(PO$_4$)$_2$
Creators: name: Landolt, F.
name: Bettler, S.
name: Yan, Z.
name: Gvasaliya, S.
name: Zheludev, A.
name: Mishra, S.
name: Sheikin, I.
name: Krämer, S.
name: Horvatić, M.
name: Gazizulina, A.
name: Prokhnenko, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetization, magnetic torque, neutron diffraction and NMR experiments are used to map out the $H$$-$$T$ phase diagram of the prototypical quasi-two-dimensional ferro-antiferromagnet Pb$_2$VO(PO$_4$)$_2$ in magnetic fields up to 27 T. When the field is applied perpendicular to the axis of magnetic anisotropy, a new magnetic state emerges through a discontinuous transition and persists in a narrow field range just below saturation. The measured NMR spectra suggest a complex and possibly incommensurate magnetic order in that regime.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures