cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sustainability as Sales Argument in the Fruit Juice Industry? An Analysis of On-Product Communication
Creators: name: Klink, Jeanette
name: Langen, Nina
name: Hecht, Stefanie
name: Hartmann, Monika
name: Klink, Jeanette
name: Langen, Nina
name: Hecht, Stefanie
name: Hartmann, Monika
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Sustainability
subject: content analysis
subject: on-product-communication
subject: fruit juice industry

description: Purpose/Value – The objective of this paper is to determine (1) the extent to which sustainability serves as a sales argument and (2) which areas of sustainability are communicated in the fruit juice industry. This seems promising against the background that there are several ethical challenges the fruit juice chain is increasingly confronted with and consumers demand for sustainable products is also rising. Design/Methodology – A market investigation at the Point-of Sale (POS) was conducted in July 2013. On-product communication of all fruit juice products (‘not from concentrate (NFC)’ fruit juices, ’reconstituted (RECON)’ fruit juices, fruit nectars and smoothies) from five retailers (two full-range retailers, two discounters, one organic supermarket) was analyzed. The data was evaluated using content analysis. Results/Findings – Overall, 562 fruit juices were examined. Results reveal that nearly one quarter of the products has labels signaling sustainable aspects. However, most of those products were found in the organic food retailer and are organic juices. Only a small number of products consider other areas of sustainability, such as social concerns or regional production. Discussion/Conclusion – Communicating sustainability aspects of fruit juice production via on-package labels is scarce in conventional retail stores. In view of the ethical challenges present in the fruit juice chain and discussed in the paper, the increasing demand of consumers for sustainable products and the high competition in the sector, communicating different sustainability aspects can be an opportunity for fruit juice producers and retailers to differentiate their products on the highly saturated fruit juice market.
3D heterotic string theory: new approach and extremal solutions
Creators: name: Kechkin, Oleg V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a new formalism for the bosonic sector of low-energy heterotic string theory toroidally compactified to three dimensions. This formalism is based on the use of some single non-quadratic real matrix potential which transforms linearly under the action of subgroup of the three-dimensional charging symmetries. We formulate a new charging symmetry invariant approach for the symmetry generation and straightforward construction of asymptotically flat solutions. Finally, using the developed approach and the established formal analogy between the heterotic and Einstein-Maxwell theories, we construct a general class of the heterotic string theory extremal solutions of the Israel-Wilson-Perjes type. This class is asymptotically flat and charging symmetry complete; it includes the extremal solutions constructed before and possesses the non-trivial bosonic string theory limit.
description: 20 pages in Latex
Assessing the Impact of Sustainability Improvement Options on the Agri-food Supply Chain Governance Structures: Development of an Evaluation Tool
Creators: name: Rota, Cosimo
name: Zanasi, Cesare
name: Reynolds, Nikolai
name: Rota, Cosimo
name: Zanasi, Cesare
name: Reynolds, Nikolai
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: supply chain governance
subject: agri-food
subject: assessment tool
subject: sustainability

description: The competitiveness of a supply chain is driven by the ability of supply chain governance structures to adapt to the chains’ continuously changing technical and organizational characteristics. The present study addresses the adoption of sustainability improvement options in the area of organization and management in the agri-food sector; within this framework the study proposes a tool for assessing the impact of sustainability oriented processes on the supply chain governance structures, in turn influencing the competitiveness of the supply chain. Two different approaches, proposed by (Gereffi et al., 2005) and (Hobbs and Young, 2000) have been linked to provide a theoretical framework for the tool development. The proposed new conceptual framework links the dimensions defining five different governance structures complexity of transaction, ability to codify and capabilities in the supply-base (Gereffi et al.,) to the product characteristics, regulatory and technology aspects defined by Hobbs and Young as drivers influencing the vertical coordination of supply chains. The method suggested for measuring the relations between improvement options and the chain governance structure is the adoption of experts’ evaluations. This method improves the tool capacity to provide a context-related supply chain governance structure assessment and management.
ICT, Innovation and Knowledge Challenges as seen by a World Conference of Experts
Creators: name: Pereira, Jose Francisco Aguilar
name: Zazueta, Fedro S.
name: Pereira, Jose Francisco Aguilar
name: Zazueta, Fedro S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Over the course of the past two decades important developments in Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) took place that enabled new approaches to production, harvest, storage, transport, distribution and delivery of food and other products. Of particular interest are innovations that increase the quality of food, reduce its cost to the final consumer and create opportunities for developing countries to address food security issues in a sustainable way. Technology evolved resulting in the convergence of: 1) Consumerization of technology (mobile devices and “Bring You Own Device”), 2) social networks, 3) cloud computing, and 4) big data. This created new opportunities for innovation. These resulted in decision making aids capable of using data over large networks, locally acquired data, location, and socially constructed knowledge, intelligent device networks, used anytime, anywhere on any device. One particular focus is the use of ICS in process and management improvement resulting from the application of process re-engineering, optimization, simulation and business intelligence systems leading to targeted management decision making tools that improve the use of resources and outcomes in production. Moreover, growing consumer demands are driving global needs for traceability that can only be enabled by the use of ICT. Challenges remain in acquiring knowledge, especially from non-traditional sources, that can be integrated into current knowledge systems. Furthermore, making ICT accessible at locations where infrastructure is lacking or of limited capacity has created a gap between the technologically enabled and the technologically not-enabled. Achieving ICT‘s potential contributions will require that technology strategies and actions be enacted to promote capacity building, reduce the digital divide and increase access to information and markets. The World Conference on Computers in Agriculture (WCCA), held in San Jose Costa Rica in 2014, provided a forum where professionals from different disciplines exchanged research finding and experience on the use of ICT in a wide variety of contexts. This special issue is a collection of manuscripts by experts in agriculture and food related disciplines presenting the results of their research and experience on uses of ICT, which although not comprehensive in their scope, partially address the issues discussed above.
Interplay of dendritic avalanches and gradual flux penetration in superconducting MgB2 films
Creators: name: Shantsev, D. V.
name: Goa, P. E.
name: Barkov, F. L.
name: Johansen, T. H.
name: Kang, W. N.
name: Lee, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magneto-optical imaging was used to study a zero-field-cooled MgB2 film at 9.6K where in a slowly increasing field the flux penetrates by abrupt formation of large dendritic structures. Simultaneously, a gradual flux penetration takes place, eventually covering the dendrites, and a detailed analysis of this process is reported. We find an anomalously high gradient of the flux density across a dendrite branch, and a peak value that decreases as the applied field goes up. This unexpected behaviour is reproduced by flux creep simulations based on the non-local field-current relation in the perpendicular geometry. The simulations also provide indirect evidence that flux dendrites are formed at an elevated local temperature, consistent with a thermo-magnetic mechanism of the instability
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Supercond. Sci. Technol
title: The Development of Firm Size and Innovativeness in the Pharmaceutical industry between 1989 and 2010
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Backfisch, Martin
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: drug development
success rates
firm size
pharmaceutical R&D
Economics
Wirtschaft

description: Within the last decades, there have been many technological and regulatory changes in the pharmaceutical industry. Some of these developments facilitate the innovative activities of large firms, while others foster small firms. It is therefore surprising that the implications of these changes in the pharmaceutical industry have not often been studied empirically. We contribute to the question of firm size and innovativeness in the pharmaceutical industry in presenting a brief review of the literature on innovative activities with a focus on the relation of different firm sizes in the pharmaceutical industry and present own empirical findings. Our results with project data from a broad range of firms show that the innovative activities of small firms measured by the share of their projects on all research projects have been rising strongly between 1989 and 2010. Further, the share of small firms on new drugs has been constantly increasing in this period. On the other hand, project success rates are lowest for small firms, while the rate of projects already discontinued in the preclinical phase is highest for them. We discuss these results and find that the reasons behind these developments are crucial to understand the innovative performance of the industry within the last 20 years.
The negativity contour: a quasi-local measure of entanglement for mixed states
Creators: name: Kudler-Flam, Jonah
name: Shapourian, Hassan
name: Ryu, Shinsei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the entanglement structure of mixed states in quantum many-body systems using the $\textit{negativity contour}$, a local measure of entanglement that determines which real-space degrees of freedom in a subregion are contributing to the logarithmic negativity and with what magnitude. We construct an explicit contour function for Gaussian states using the fermionic partial-transpose. We generalize this contour function to generic many-body systems using a natural combination of derivatives of the logarithmic negativity. Though the latter negativity contour function is not strictly positive for all quantum systems, it is simple to compute and produces reasonable and interesting results. In particular, it rigorously satisfies the positivity condition for all holographic states and those obeying the quasi-particle picture. We apply this formalism to quantum field theories with a Fermi surface, contrasting the entanglement structure of Fermi liquids and holographic (hyperscale violating) non-Fermi liquids. The analysis of non-Fermi liquids show anomalous temperature dependence of the negativity depending on the dynamical critical exponent. We further compute the negativity contour following a quantum quench and discuss how this may clarify certain aspects of thermalization.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures; v2: minor changes and Appendix C added
The influence of superhydrophobic surfaces on near-wall turbulence
Creators: name: Fairhall, Christopher Terry
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: wall-bounded turbulence
drag reduction
superhydrophobic surfaces

description: Superhydrophobic surfaces are able to entrap gas pockets in-between surface roughness elements when submerged in water. These entrapped gas pockets give these surfaces the potential to reduce drag due to the overlying flow being able to locally slip over the gas pockets, resulting in a mean slip at the surface. This thesis investigates the different effects that slip and the texturing of the surface have on turbulence over superhydrophobic surfaces. It is shown that, after filtering out the texture-induced flow, the background, overlying turbulence experiences the surface as a homogeneous slip boundary condition. For texture sizes, expressed in wall units, up to $L^+ \lesssim 20$ the only effect of the surface texture on the overlying flow is through this surface slip. The direct effect of slip does not modify the dynamics of the overlying turbulence, which remains canonical and smooth-wall-like. In these cases the flow is governed by the difference between two virtual origins, the virtual origin of the mean flow and the virtual origin experienced by the overlying turbulence. Streamwise slip deepens the virtual origin of the mean flow, while spanwise slip acts to deepen the virtual origin perceived by the overlying turbulence. The drag reduction is then proportional to the difference between the two virtual origins, reminiscent of drag reduction using riblets. The validity of slip-length models to represent textured superhydrophobic surfaces can resultantly be extended up to $L^+ \lesssim 20$. However, for $L^+ \gtrsim 25$ a non-linear interaction with the texture-coherent flow alters the dynamics of the background turbulence, with a reduction in coherence of large streamwise lengthscales. This non-linear interaction causes an increase in Reynolds stress up to $y^+ \lesssim 25$, and decreases the obtained drag reduction compared to that predicted from homogeneous slip-length models.
description: Funding from Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
MOESM1 of A study protocol for testing the feasibility of a randomised stepped wedge cluster design to investigate a Community Health Intervention through Musical Engagement (CHIME) for perinatal mental health in The Gambia
Creators: name: Sanfilippo, Katie
name: McConnell, Bonnie
name: Cornelius, Victoria
name: Buba Darboe
name: Hajara Huma
name: Malick Gaye
name: Ramchandani, Paul
name: Hassoum Ceesay
name: Glover, Vivette
name: Cross, Ian
name: Stewart, Lauren
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT Checklist.
MOESM2 of Socioeconomic position and body composition across the life course: a systematic review protocol
Creators: name: Staatz, Charis Bridger
name: Kelly, Yvonne
name: Lacey, Rebecca
name: Hardy, Rebecca
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Data Extraction Form.
MOESM1 of Socioeconomic position and body composition across the life course: a systematic review protocol
Creators: name: Staatz, Charis Bridger
name: Kelly, Yvonne
name: Lacey, Rebecca
name: Hardy, Rebecca
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA-P 2015 Checklist.
Moments of nucleon generalized parton distributions from lattice QCD simulations at physical pion mass
Creators: name: Alexandrou, C.
name: Bacchio, S.
name: Constantinou, M.
name: Dimopoulos, P.
name: Finkenrath, J.
name: Frezzotti, R.
name: Hadjiyiannakou, K.
name: Jansen, K.
name: Kostrzewa, B.
name: Koutsou, G.
name: Lauer, C.
name: Urbach, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results for the moments of nucleon isovector vector and axial generalised parton distribution functions computed within lattice QCD. Three ensembles of maximally twisted mass clover-improved fermions simulated with a physical value of the pion mass are analyzed. Two of these ensembles are generated using two degenerate light quarks. A third ensemble is used having, in addition to the light quarks, strange and charm quarks in the sea. A careful analysis of the convergence to the ground state is carried out that is shown to be essential for extracting the correct nucleon matrix elements. This allows a controlled determination of the unpolarised, helicity and tensor second Mellin moments. The vector and axial-vector generalised form factors are also computed as a function of the momentum transfer square up to about 1 GeV$^2$. The three ensembles allow us to check for unquenching effects and to assess lattice finite volume effects.
description: Published version. Typos corrected, references and figures added. 22 pages, 17 figures
Supplementary Information from Contemporary and historical selection in Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) support novel, polygenic response to transmissible cancer
Creators: name: Stahlke, Amanda R.
name: Epstein, Brendan
name: Soraia Barbosa
name: Margres, Mark J.
name: Patton, Austin
name: Hendricks, Sarah A.
name: Veillet, Anne
name: Fraik, Alexandra K.
name: Schönfeld, Barbara
name: McCallum, Hamish I.
name: Hamede, Rodrigo
name: Jones, Menna E.
name: Storfer, Andrew
name: Hohenlohe, Paul A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Detailed methods; figures displaying sequencing coverage, relationships among selection metrics, and gene set overlaps. Tables displaying sample sizes, ANGSD settings, effective population size estimates, candidate gene information, and PAML results.
Mathematical Programming Models to Increase Land and Water Use Efficiency in Semi-arid NE-Brazil
Creators: name: Hagel, Heinrich
name: Hoffmann, Christa
name: Doluschitz, Reiner
name: Hagel, Heinrich
name: Hoffmann, Christa
name: Doluschitz, Reiner
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Agriculture
subject: linear programming
subject: irrigation
subject: water efficiency
subject: decision support
subject: rural development
subject: Itaparica
subject: Brazil

description: Construction of the Itaparica dam and reservoir induced changes in the agricultural production systems of the Itaparica micro-region, at the lower-middle São Francisco river basin. Extensive traditional systems were replaced by e.g. irrigated fruit production. However, over twenty years after the dam construction, many farmers are still facing income insecurity. A survey, consisting of expert interviews and structured on-farm interviews, has been conducted to analyze current production systems. A Linear Programming farm optimization model was applied to determine optimal land allocation considering changing production conditions. Income depended strongly on low wages for day laborers, free irrigation water, and stable prices of the main crop, coconut. Diversification of production and improved market access can help to improve farmers’ income situation. Moderate water pricing can raise the awareness of water scarcity and lead to implementation of water saving production methods.
The Population of the Galactic Plane as Seen by MSX
Creators: name: Lumsden, S. L.
name: Hoare, M. G.
name: Oudmaijer, R. D.
name: Richards, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The combination of mid-infrared data from the MSX satellite mission and ground-based near-infrared photometry is used to characterise the properties of the mid-infrared population of the Galactic plane. The colours of the youngest sources still heavily embedded within their natal molecular clouds are in general different from evolved stars shrouded within their own dust shells. Our main motivation is to use MSX for an unbiased search for a large (~1000) sample of massive young stellar objects (MYSOs). A simple analysis shows that the MSX point source catalogue should contain most of the MYSOs within our Galaxy. We develop colour selection criteria using combined near- and mid-infrared data for MYSOs, which produces a list of 3071 objects, excluding the galactic centre region. The programme of follow-up observations already underway to separate the MYSOs from compact H II regions and other remaining objects is briefly described. We also show that these data can be used, just as IRAS data has been previously, to provide a separation between evolved stars with carbon rich and oxygen rich dust. These data may also be used to search for evidence of dust around normal main sequence stars, such as low mass pre-main sequence stars or the Vega-excess class of objects where debris disks are presumed to remain from the planet formation process. We discuss the accuracy and completeness of the MSX point source catalogue, and show that the errors present tend to be of a kind that is not significant for the main stellar populations we discuss in this paper.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Flat Bands and Ferrimagnetic Order in Electronically Correlated Dice-Lattice Ribbons
Creators: name: Soni, Rahul
name: Kaushal, Nitin
name: Okamoto, Satoshi
name: Dagotto, Elbio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study ribbons of the dice two-dimensional lattice (that we call ``dice ladders'') known to have nontrivial topological properties, such as Chern numbers 2 [Wang and Y. Ran, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 84}, 241103 (2011)]. Our main results are two folded: (1) Analyzing the tight-binding model in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit coupling and an external magnetic field, we observed that dice ladders qualitatively display properties similar to their two-dimensional counterpart all the way to the limit of only two legs in the short direction. This includes flat bands near the Fermi level, edge currents and edge charge localization near zero energy when open boundary conditions are used, two chiral edge modes, and a nonzero Hall conductance. (2) We studied the effect of Hubbard correlation $U$ in the two-leg dice ladder using Lanczos and density matrix renormalization group techniques. We show that increasing $U$ the flat bands split without the need of introducing external fields. Moreover, robust ferrimagnetic order develops. Overall, our work establishes dice ladders as a promising playground to study the combined effect of topology and correlation effects, one of the frontiers in Quantum Materials.
Onset of Convection in a Very Compressible Fluid : The Transient Toward Steady State
Creators: name: Meyer, Horst
name: Kogan, Andrei B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the time profile $ΔT(t)$ of the temperature difference, measured across a very compressible supercritical $^3$He fluid layer in its convective state. The experiments were done along the critical isochore in a Rayleigh-Bénard cell after starting the vertical constant heat flow $q$. For $q$ sufficiently well above that needed for the convection onset, the transient $ΔT(t)$ for a given $ε\equiv(T-T_c)/T_c$, with $T_c$ = 3.318K, shows a damped oscillatory profile with period $t_{osc}$ modulating a smooth base profile. The smooth profile forms the exponential tail of the transient which tends to the steady-state $ΔT(\infty)$ with a time constant $τ_{tail}$. The scaled times $t_{osc}/t_D$ and $τ_{tail}/t_D$ from all the data could be collapsed onto two curves as a function of the Rayleigh number over $\sim$ 3.5 decades. Here $t_D$ is the characteristic thermal diffusion time. Furthermore comparisons are made between measurements of a third characteristic time $t_m$ between the first peak and the first minimum in the $ΔT(t)$ profile and its estimation by Onuki et al. Also comparisons are made between the observed oscillations and the 2D simulations by Onuki et al. and by Amiroudine and Zappoli. For $ε< 9\times 10^{-3}$ the experiments show a crossover to a different transient regime. This new regime, which we briefly describe, is not understood at present.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication by Phys. Rev. E
title: Equilibrium Real Interest Rates for the BRICS Countries
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Klose, Jens
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: state-space-models
Economics
Wirtschaft
BRICS
equilibrium real interest rate

description: The equilibrium real interest rate is one of the most discussed variables
in economics, although it is unobservable. While it has been estimated with
respect to various developed countries, this paper is the first to estimate it for
five developing countries - the BRICS countries. To do so the most widely used model in this respect - the Laubach and Williams model - is used. Moreover, the results are compared to the actual real interest rate to give an indication whether e.g. monetary policy was too tight or too loose in certain periods. The results indicate that we indeed have substantial differences between the actual and the equilibrium real interest rate going either way. While for China and India monetary policy tends to be too loose in many periods, thus boosting economic growth even further, the reverse seems to be true with respect to Brazil especially in the late 1990s and the beginning of the 2000s. In Russia and South Africa the actual real rate is mainly in line with the equilibrium one, thus monetary policy is neither to loose nor too tight.
title: Measuring the Diffusion of Innovations with Paragraph Vector Topic Models
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Lenz, David
name: Winker, Peter
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft

description: Measuring the diffusion of innovations from textual data sources besides patent data has not been studied extensively. However, early and accurate indicators of innovation and the recognition of trends in innovation are mandatory to successfully promote economic growth through technological progress via evidence-based policy making. In this study, we propose Paragraph Vector Topic Model (PVTM) and apply it to technology-related news articles to analyze innovation-related topics over time and gain insights regarding their diffusion process. PVTM represents documents in a semantic space, which has been shown to capture latent variables of the underlying documents, e.g., the latent topics. Clusters of documents in the semantic space can then be interpreted and transformed into meaningful topics by means of Gaussian mixture modeling. In using PVTM, we identify innovation-related topics from 170; 000 technology news articles published over a span of 20 years and gather insights about their diffusion state by measuring the topic importance in the corpus over time. Our results suggest that PVTM is a credible alternative to widely used topic models for the discovery of latent topics in (technology-related) news articles. An examination of three exemplary topics shows that innovation diffusion could be assessed using topic importance measures derived from PVTM. Thereby, we find that PVTM diffusion indicators for certain topics are Granger causal to Google Trend indices with matching search terms.
An investigation into BK Polyomavirus and host-virus interactions
Creators: name: Caller, Laura Grace
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: Virology
Polyomavirus
dsDNA virus
Proteomics
Tandem Mass Tagging
Cell cycle
Immune response

description: The potentially oncogenic human pathogen BK Polyomavirus (BKPyV) was first identified in 1971 and has since been associated with a number of diseases primarily in immunosuppressed patients. Infection is established in early life and by adulthood up to 90% of populations show seroconversion for the major capsid protein VP1. Despite this infections are rarely cleared, maintaining a silent asymptomatic persistence punctuated with periods of viral shedding in the urine. The virus is non-enveloped and comprises a simple ~5.2 Kb dsDNA genome which expresses just seven known proteins, necessitating a heavy reliance on, and interactions with, host mechanisms in order to efficiently replicate and disseminate within a population. The poorly understood lifelong persistence and failure to clear infection highlights our lack of understanding of the viral life cycle and viral interactions with host processes and responses to infection. Indeed, non-enveloped viruses are thought to spread solely through infected cell lysis but such large-scale lysis should trigger an acute inflammatory response, which is rarely seen in healthy immunocompetent individuals. The research conducted for this thesis first investigates the egress of BKPyV in a non-lytic manner, presenting evidence for an active non-lytic method of viral egress that is dependent on cellular anion homeostasis. Moreover, data generated for this thesis suggests that virions egress via an unconventional secretion pathway which traffics directly from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane in single-membraned vesicles. Further research undertook a whole cell quantitative temporal viromic (QTV) approach, post-experimentally tagging whole cell lysate peptides with isobaric labels (Tandem Mass Tagging, TMT) to provide a greater understanding of host cell proteomic changes throughout BKPyV infection in two primary human cell types over 72 hours of infection. Such an approach identified ~9000 cellular proteins, of which a surprisingly small number changed significantly in abundance in response to BKPyV infection. Of those that were changed in abundance a large proportion were related to cell cycle, revealing that BKPyV infection induces a pseudo-G2 arrest, similar to the G2/M checkpoint. Validation of TMT results in both cell types provided confidence in this robust data set, and further studies highlighted the importance of not only cell cycle status, but the activity of CDK1 for efficient viral infection and replication. Additionally, TMT generated data emphasised the lack of innate immune induction in response to BKPyV infection, suggesting BKPyV exhibits a sophisticated evasion of pathogen recognition.
description: Medical Research Council, Department of Pathology funding.
Accelerating process development of complex chemical reactions
Creators: name: Amar, Yehia
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: molecular descriptors
design of experiments
asymmetric hydrogenation
machine learning
process development

description: Process development of new complex reactions in the pharmaceutical and fine chemicals industries is challenging, and expensive. The field is beginning to see a bridging between fundamental first-principles investigations, and utilisation of data-driven statistical methods, such as machine learning. Nonetheless, process development and optimisation in these industries is mostly driven by trial-and-error, and experience. Approaches that move beyond these are limited to the well-developed optimisation of continuous variables, and often do not yield physical insights. This thesis describes several new methods developed to address research questions related to this challenge. First, we investigated whether utilising physical knowledge could aid statistics-guided self-optimisation of a C-H activation reaction, in which the optimisation variables were continuous. We then considered algorithmic treatment of the more challenging discrete variables, focussing on solvents. We parametrised a library of 459 solvents with physically meaningful molecular descriptors. Our case study was a homogeneous Rh-catalysed asymmetric hydrogenation to produce a chiral γ-lactam, with conversion and diastereoselectivity as objectives. We adapted a state-of-the-art multi-objective machine learning algorithm, based on Gaussian processes, to utilise the descriptors as inputs, and to create a surrogate model for each objective. The aim of the algorithm was to determine a set of Pareto solutions with a minimum experimental budget, whilst simultaneously addressing model uncertainty. We found that descriptors are a valuable tool for Design of Experiments, and can produce predictive and interpretable surrogate models. Subsequently, a physical investigation of this reaction led to the discovery of an efficient catalyst-ligand system, which we studied by operando NMR, and identified a parametrised kinetic model. Turning the focus then to ligands for asymmetric hydrogenation, we calculated versatile empirical descriptors based on the similarity of atomic environments, for 102 chiral ligands, to predict diastereoselectivity. Whilst the model fit was good, it failed to accurately predict the performance of an unseen ligand family, due to analogue bias. Physical knowledge has then guided the selection of symmetrised physico-chemical descriptors. This produced more accurate predictive models for diastereoselectivity, including for an unseen ligand family. The contribution of this thesis is a development of novel and effective workflows and methodologies for process development. These open the door for process chemists to save time and resources, freeing them up from routine work, to focus instead on creatively designing new chemistry for future real-world applications.
Additional file 10: of Contrast-induced acute kidney injury and adverse clinical outcomes risk in acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Yang, Yi
name: George, Kaisha
name: Luo, Ran
name: Cheng, Yichun
name: Shang, Weifeng
name: Ge, Shuwang
name: Xu, Gang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology

description: Eggerâ s test of all analysis. (PDF 186 kb)
Harnessing indigenous knowledge for sustainable forest management in Ghana
Creators: name: Sraku-Lartey, Margaret
name: Sraku-Lartey, Margaret
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Indigenous Knowledge
subject: sustainable forest management
subject: forestry
subject: information management
subject: knowledge systems
subject: Ghana

description: This paper makes a case for harnessing indigenous knowledge (IK) for sustainable national development in Ghana. IK according to the World Bank is the basic component of any country’s knowledge system and it is upon this knowledge that scientific research builds. In Ghana the Government has recognized the need to harness IK for sustainable national development and has therefore incorporated it into the National Science, Technology and Innovation Development Programme. But there is no evidence however that scientific research in Ghana actually takes IK into consideration during the research process. This paper discusses the concept of indigenous knowledge, its relevance in scientific discourse and the need for harnessing it for national development in Ghana. A desk study was conducted using journal publications, research and technical reports, online databases and the internet. About sixty articles were analysed using the thematic synthesis method under the following broad headings: Importance of Indigenous knowledge, Indigenous forest foods, Indigenous medicines, IK and food security, the management and processing of IK and the protection of Indigenous Knowledge. The results of the study established the need to document the local knowledge using appropriate procedures and strategies. It also concludes by suggesting that IK in Ghana must be protected by law and integrated into formal science.
Local Charge distributions in Metallic Alloys: a Local Field Coherent Potential Approximation Theory
Creators: name: Bruno, Ezio
name: Zingales, Leon
name: Milici, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic structure calculations performed on very large supercells have shown that the local charge excesses in metallic alloys are related through simple linear relations to the local electrostatic field resulting from distribution of charges in the whole crystal. By including local external fields in the single site Coherent Potential Approximation theory, we develop a novel theoretical scheme in which the local charge excesses for random alloys can be obtained as the responses to local external fields. Our model maintains all the computational advantages of a single site theory but allows for full charge relaxation at the impurity sites. Through applications to CuPd and CuZn alloys, we find that, as a general rule, non linear charge rearrangements occur at the impurity site as a consequence of the complex phenomena related with the electronic screening of the external potential. This nothwithstanding, we observe that linear relations hold between charge excesses and external potentials, in quantitative agreement with the mentioned supercell calculations, and well beyond the limits of linearity for any other site property.
description: 13 pages,13 figures
title: Cognitive Ability and Corruption: Rule of Law (still) Matters
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Farzanegan, Mohammad Reza
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: rule of law
cognitive
intelligence
Economics
Wirtschaft
corruption

description: This study shows that the “longer time horizon” argument proposed by Potrafke (2012) with regard to the negative effect of a higher national average cognitive ability on corruption holds only in countries with a relatively high quality of rule of law.
title: The effect of air quality on welfare accounting
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Balleer, Almut
name: Endrikat, Morten
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: Economic Development
Air Pollution
Environmental Economics
Economics
Wirtschaft
Economic Welfare

description: For several decades, there has been a discussion in economics on how to appropriately measure economic welfare. Although it is common perception that a simple GDP evaluation bears several shortcomings, GDP per capita is still the most prominent measure of countries’ welfare and of its development over time. In a recent paper, Jones and Klenow (2016) extend the huge existing literature on alternative welfare measures by a concept that is based on a utility framework and that incorporates, besides consumption, also life expectancy, inequality, and leisure. In this paper, we add a component of environmental quality, in particular air pollution, to this framework and show that for some country groups accounting for air quality remarkably changes their relative welfare position, both in terms of levels and growth rates over time. Especially for some emerging countries we find strong welfare reductions due to high levels of air pollution. Nevertheless, on average, our welfare measure is still highly correlated with GDP per capita. Our results highlight the importance of environmental aspects in welfare accounting.
How Pretest Temperatures Change the Cold Hardiness of Grapevine (Vitis Vinifera L. Cv. Karaerik) Dormant Buds?
Creators: name: Ozkan Kaya
name: Kose, Cafer
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Plant Biology

description: The aim of this study was to confirm the hypothesis that pretest temperature changes could alter the cold hardiness of the grapevine dormant buds and eventually the result of differential thermal analysis (DTA) test. For this reason, dormant buds of ‘Karaerik’ grape cultivar were collected at different times and tested using different DTA procedures. Dormant buds taken at nine different sampling temperatures (8, 6, 5, 3, −1, −3, −4, −5, and −9°C) were exposed to freezing test according to three DTA test approaches (TestA-A, TestA-4 and Test20-4, to represent ambient storage and ambient test, ambient storage and 4°C test, and 20 ± 2°C storage and 4°C test or standard DTA method, respectively) to verify our hypothesis in 2015–16 and 2016–17. The LTE (low temperature exotherm) temperatures were determined as the indicator of death of primary buds at grapevines’ dormant buds, tested according to TestA-A approach, TestA-4 approach and Test20-4 approach (the standard methodology). It was found that temperature changes such as rapid cooling, warming and thawing in the TestA-4 approach, and warming-cooling and melting-cooling in the Test20-4 approach altered LTE values of dormant buds depending on the test start temperature. It was determined that the LTE values of dormant buds tested according to TestA-4 and Test20-4 approaches were higher than that of the ones tested with TestA-A approach. Compared to TestA-A approach, the LTE values of dormant buds were between 0.00 and 4.00°C in the TestA-4 approach and 0.00 and 2.77°C in the Test20-4 approach based on temperature changes. As a result, to achieve reliable, and consistent LTE results at DTA tests, it was determined that dormant buds should be brought into laboratory by keeping the temperatures at the sampling time, prepared for test at these temperatures and to start DTA test from these temperatures is a right approach.
title: The Welfare Implications of the European Trucks Cartel
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Beyer, Christian
name: Kottmann, Elke
name: von Blackenburg, Korbinian
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft

description: We present a pragmatic approach to calculating the total economic loss induced by a cartel, focusing on the European trucks cartel (1997-2011). Overall, we estimate a net welfare loss up to € 15.5 bn. and an overcharge to the amount of 7.6%. Our approach builds on the theory of monopoly pricing and uses the publicly available profit data of the infringing companies. It is comprehensible, transparent, and applicable to collusion on list prices, what makes it particularly relevant for both policymakers and practitioners.
Dark Matter, Quantum Gravity, Vacuum Energy, and Lorentz Invariance
Creators: name: Allen, Roland E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the problems of dark matter, quantum gravity, and vacuum energy within the context of a theory for which Lorentz invariance is not postulated, but instead emerges as a natural consequence in the physical regimes where it has been tested.
description: 5 pages; to be published in the proceedings of the Second Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry, edited by V. A. Kostelecky (World Scientific, Singapore, 2002)
Postharvest Hot Water Treatment Followed by Chitosan- and κ-Carrageenan-Based Composite Coating Induces the Disease Resistance and Preserves the Quality in Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus undatus)
Creators: name: Nguyen, Hanh Thi
name: Panida Boonyaritthongchai
name: Mantana Buanong
name: Suriyan Supapvanich
name: Chalermchai Wongs-Aree
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Abstract: Postharvest diseases and loss of freshness are major problems that cause the deterioration of dragon fruit. The present study determined the effect of hot water treatment (HWT) at 50°C for 5 min followed by 1.0% chitosan and 0.2% κ-carrageenan-based composite coating to counter the issues. The results showed that HWT followed by the composite coating-enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced accumulation of H2O2 in the peel, which demonstrated the defensive response in the tissues leading to reduce disease development. The chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase did not show a significant effect in reducing the postharvest diseases of dragon fruit. While the HWT helped to increase phenolics content and antioxidant capacity in the pulp, the composite coating was crucial to maintain green color of the bract. Therefore, we concluded that HWT combined with composite coating controlled the diseases via antioxidant defensive response and maintained the overall quality of dragon fruit for 30 days of storage at 10°C.
Soliton Squeezing in a Mach-Zehnder Fiber Interferometer
Creators: name: Fiorentino, Marco
name: Sharping, Jay E.
name: Kumar, Prem
name: Levandovsky, Dmitry
name: Vasilyev, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new scheme for generating amplitude squeezed light by means of soliton self-phase modulation is experimentally demonstrated. By injecting 180-fs pulses into an equivalent Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer, a maximum noise reduction of $4.4 \pm 0.3$ dB is obtained ($6.3 \pm 0.6$ dB when corrected for losses). The dependence of noise reduction on the interferometer splitting ratio and fiber length is studied in detail.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures