cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The impact of mechanical AGN feedback on the formation of massive early-type galaxies
Creators: name: Choi, Ena
name: Ostriker, Jeremiah P.
name: Naab, Thorsten
name: Oser, Ludwig
name: Moster, Benjamin P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ cosmological hydrodynamical simulations to investigate the effects of AGN feedback on the formation of massive galaxies with present-day stellar masses of $M_{stel} = 8.8 \times 10^{10} - 6.0 \times 10^{11} M_{sun}$. Using smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations with a pressure-entropy formulation that allows an improved treatment of contact discontinuities and fluid mixing, we run three sets of simulations of 20 halos with different AGN feedback models: (1) no feedback, (2) thermal feedback, and (3) mechanical and radiation feedback. We assume that seed black holes are present at early cosmic epochs at the centre of emerging dark matter halos and trace their mass growth via gas accretion and mergers with other black holes. Both feedback models successfully recover the observed M_BH - sigma relation and black hole-to-stellar mass ratio for simulated central early-type galaxies. The baryonic conversion efficiencies are reduced by a factor of two compared to models without any AGN feedback at all halo masses. However, massive galaxies simulated with thermal AGN feedback show a factor of ~10-100 higher X-ray luminosities than observed. The mechanical/radiation feedback model reproduces the observed correlation between X-ray luminosities and velocity dispersion, e.g. for galaxies with sigma = 200 km/s, the X-ray luminosity is reduced from $10^{42}$ erg/s to $10^{40}$ erg/s. It also efficiently suppresses late time star formation, reducing the specific star formation rate from $10^{-10.5}$ $yr^{-1}$ to $10^{-14}$ $yr^{-1}$ on average and resulting in quiescent galaxies since z=2, whereas the thermal feedback model shows higher late time in-situ star formation rates than observed.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, accepted for the publication in MNRAS
Numerical influence of ReLU'(0) on backpropagation
Creators: name: Bertoin, David
name: Bolte, Jérôme
name: Gerchinovitz, Sébastien
name: Pauwels, Edouard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In theory, the choice of ReLU(0) in [0, 1] for a neural network has a negligible influence both on backpropagation and training. Yet, in the real world, 32 bits default precision combined with the size of deep learning problems makes it a hyperparameter of training methods. We investigate the importance of the value of ReLU'(0) for several precision levels (16, 32, 64 bits), on various networks (fully connected, VGG, ResNet) and datasets (MNIST, CIFAR10, SVHN, ImageNet). We observe considerable variations of backpropagation outputs which occur around half of the time in 32 bits precision. The effect disappears with double precision, while it is systematic at 16 bits. For vanilla SGD training, the choice ReLU'(0) = 0 seems to be the most efficient. For our experiments on ImageNet the gain in test accuracy over ReLU'(0) = 1 was more than 10 points (two runs). We also evidence that reconditioning approaches as batch-norm or ADAM tend to buffer the influence of ReLU'(0)'s value. Overall, the message we convey is that algorithmic differentiation of nonsmooth problems potentially hides parameters that could be tuned advantageously.
Room-temperature continuous-wave Dirac-vortex topological lasers on silicon
Creators: name: Ma, Jingwen
name: Zhou, Taojie
name: Tang, Mingchu
name: Li, Haochuan
name: Zhang, Zhan
name: Xi, Xiang
name: Martin, Mickael
name: Baron, Thierry
name: Liu, Huiyun
name: Zhang, Zhaoyu
name: Chen, Siming
name: Sun, Xiankai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Robust laser sources are a fundamental building block for contemporary information technologies. Originating from condensed-matter physics, the concept of topology has recently entered the realm of optics, offering fundamentally new design principles for lasers with enhanced robustness. In analogy to the well-known Majorana fermions in topological superconductors, Dirac-vortex states have recently been investigated in passive photonic systems and are now considered as a promising candidate for single-mode large-area lasers. Here, we experimentally realize the first Dirac-vortex topological lasers in InAs/InGaAs quantum-dot materials monolithically grown on a silicon substrate. We observe room-temperature continuous-wave single-mode linearly polarized vertical laser emission at a telecom wavelength. Most importantly, we confirm that the wavelength of the Dirac-vortex laser is topologically robust against variations in the cavity size, and its free spectral range defies the universal inverse scaling law with the cavity size. These lasers will play an important role in CMOS-compatible photonic and optoelectronic systems on a chip.
El Laboratorio de Innovación en Humanidades Digitales y la redefinición del perfil del humanista y la academia en el siglo XXI
Creators: name: González Blanco, Elena
name: Martínez Cantón, Clara
name: del Rio, Gimena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Humanidades Digitales
laboratorio
nuevas humanidades
organización institucional

description: El LINHD, Laboratorio de Innovación en Humanidades Digitales  ( http://linhd.uned.es/), es un centro de investigación en Humanidades Digitales de la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) de Madrid que funciona como marco de innovación, investigación, asesoría y formación a investigadores y proyectos en español para España y Latinoamérica. La misión del LINHD es redefinir la forma de trabajar en Humanidades desde la innovación y las tecnología s en el marco de la nueva sociedad de la información. Así, LINHD es, en primer lugar, un nodo de g estión y de reunión de la información sobre Humanidades Digitales en Español, y es, asimismo, un espaci o que ofrece cursos y herramientas para la formación en Humanidades Digitales. La creac ión de este espacio nos obliga a reflexionar sobre los nuevos espacios de comunicación y formac ión que en los últimos años han debido abrir espacios académicos como las universidades -los labs- en la necesidad  de  redefinir  competencias  de  los  estudiantes  e  investigadores  del  á mbito  de  las Humanidades.
An Algebraic and Microlocal Approach to the Stochastic Non-linear Schrödinger Equation
Creators: name: Bonicelli, Alberto
name: Dappiaggi, Claudio
name: Rinaldi, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81T05, 60H17

description: In a recent work [DDRZ20], it has been developed a novel framework aimed at studying at a perturbative level a large class of non-linear, scalar, real, stochastic PDEs and inspired by the algebraic approach to quantum field theory. The main advantage is the possibility of computing the expectation value and the correlation functions of the underlying solutions accounting for renormalization intrinsically and without resorting to any specific regularization scheme. In this work we prove that it is possible to extend the range of applicability of this framework to cover also the stochastic non-linear Schroedinger equation in which randomness is codified by an additive, Gaussian, complex white noise.
description: 33 pages. Some typos fixed, Section 1 modified
Quantum Algorithm for Linear Regression
Creators: name: Wang, Guoming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a quantum algorithm for fitting a linear regression model to a given data set using the least squares approach. Different from previous algorithms which yield a quantum state encoding the optimal parameters, our algorithm outputs these numbers in the classical form. So by running it once, one completely determines the fitted model and then can use it to make predictions on new data at little cost. Moreover, our algorithm works in the standard oracle model, and can handle data sets with nonsparse design matrices. It runs in time $\operatorname{poly}(\operatorname{log}(N), d, κ, 1/ε)$, where $N$ is the size of the data set, $d$ is the number of adjustable parameters, $κ$ is the condition number of the design matrix, and $ε$ is the desired precision in the output. We also show that the polynomial dependence on $d$ and $κ$ is necessary. Thus, our algorithm cannot be significantly improved. Furthermore, we also give a quantum algorithm that estimates the quality of the least-squares fit (without computing its parameters explicitly). This algorithm runs faster than the one for finding this fit, and can be used to check whether the given data set qualifies for linear regression in the first place.
description: 22 pages, no figure. Final version
Caring Well for Care Leavers
Creators: name: Dr Jude Hatton
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Psychological Phenomena and Processes
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy
subject: Mental and Social Health
subject: Other Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Other Mental and Social Health
subject: Clinical and Medical Social Work
subject: Mental Disorders
subject: Psychiatric and Mental Health
subject: Mental Health
subject: Care Leavers
subject: Care experienced
subject: psychopathology

description: This is a scoping review that aims to synthesize the range of literature relating to mental health presentations and interventions in young adults aged 16-25 who are care-experienced. This is with the express aim of evidencing gaps in the literature and developing a refined set of questions for future research.
Broken ray transform on a Riemann surface with a convex obstacle
Creators: name: Ilmavirta, Joonas
name: Salo, Mikko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the broken ray transform on Riemann surfaces in the presence of an obstacle, following earlier work of Mukhometov. If the surface has nonpositive curvature and the obstacle is strictly convex, we show that a function is determined by its integrals over broken geodesic rays that reflect on the boundary of the obstacle. Our proof is based on a Pestov identity with boundary terms, and it involves Jacobi fields on broken rays. We also discuss applications of the broken ray transform.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures
Quantum-Logic Detection of Chemical Reactions
Creators: name: Katz, Or
name: Pinkas, Meirav
name: Akerman, Nitzan
name: Ozeri, Roee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studies of chemical reactions by a single pair of atoms in a well defined quantum state constitute a corner stone in quantum chemistry. Yet, the number of demonstrated techniques which enable observation and control of a single chemical reaction is handful. Here we propose and demonstrate a new technique to study chemical reactions between an ultracold neutral atom and a cold ion using quantum logic. We experimentally study the release of hyperfine energy in a reaction between an ultracold rubidium atom and isotopes of singly ionized strontium for which we do not have experimental control. We detect the reaction outcome and measure the reaction rate of the chemistry ion by reading the motional state of a logic ion via quantum logic, in a single shot. Our work opens new avenues and extends the toolbox of studying chemical reactions, with existing experimental tools, for all atomic and molecular ions in which direct laser cooling and state detection are unavailable.
Unconventional pairings of spin-orbit coupled attractive degenerate Fermi gas in a one dimensional optical lattice
Creators: name: Liang, Junjun
name: Zhou, Xiaofan
name: Chui, Pak Hong
name: Zhang, Kuang
name: Gu, Shi-jian
name: Gong, Ming
name: Chen, Gang
name: Jia, Suotang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding novel pairings in attractive degenerate Fermi gases is crucial for exploring rich superfluid physics. In this report, we reveal unconventional pairings induced by spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in a one-dimensional optical lattice, using a state-of-the-art density-matrix renormalization group method. When both bands are partially occupied, we find a strong competition between the interband Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) and intraband Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) pairings. In particular, for the weak and moderate SOC strengths, these two pairings can coexist, giving rise to a new phase called the FFLO-BCS phase, which exhibits a unique three-peak structure in pairing momentum distribution. For the strong SOC strength, the intraband BCS pairing always dominates in the whole parameter regime, including the half filling. We figure out the whole phase diagrams as functions of filling factor, SOC strength, and Zeeman field. Our results are qualitatively different from recent mean-field predictions. Finally, we address that our predictions could be observed in a weaker trapped potential.
description: 16 Pages, 13 Figures
Dynamics of the Modified Emden and pseudo-Modified Emden Equations: position-dependent mass, invariance and exact solvability
Creators: name: Mustafa, Omar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the modified Emden equation (MEE) and introduce its most general solution, using the most general solution for the simple harmonic oscillator's linear dynamical equation (i.e., the initial conditions shall be identified by the PDM-MEE problem at hand) . We use a general nonlocal point transformation and show that modified Emden dynamical equation is transformed to describe position-dependent mass (PDM) classical particles. Two PDM-MEE-type classical particles are used as illustrative examples, and their exact solutions are reported. Under specific parametric considerations, the phase-space trajectories are reported for the MEE-type and for PDM-MEE-type classical particles.
description: 12 pages, 19 figures, To appear in Physica Scripta
Some remarks on semantics and expressiveness of the Sentential Calculus with Identity
Creators: name: Lewitzka, Steffen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Suszko's Sentential Calculus with Identity SCI results from classical propositional calculus CPC by adding a new connective $\equiv$ and axioms for identity $φ\equivψ$ (which we interpret here as `propositional identity'). We reformulate the original semantics of SCI in terms of Boolean prealgebras establishing a connection to `hyperintensional semantics'. Furthermore, we define a general framework of dualities between certain SCI-theories and Lewis-style modal systems in the vicinity of S3. Suszko's original approach to two SCI-theories corresponding to S4 and S5 can be formulated as a special case. All these dualities rely particularly on the fact that Lewis' `strict equivalence' is axiomatized by the SCI-principles of `propositional identity'.
description: 31 pages
Non-asymptotic Heisenberg scaling: experimental metrology for a wide resources range
Creators: name: Cimini, Valeria
name: Polino, Emanuele
name: Belliardo, Federico
name: Hoch, Francesco
name: Piccirillo, Bruno
name: Spagnolo, Nicolò
name: Giovannetti, Vittorio
name: Sciarrino, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adopting quantum resources for parameter estimation discloses the possibility to realize quantum sensors operating at a sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit. Such approach promises to reach the fundamental Heisenberg scaling as a function of the employed resources $N$ in the estimation process. Although previous experiments demonstrated precision scaling approaching Heisenberg-limited performances, reaching such regime for a wide range of $N$ remains hard to accomplish. Here, we show a method which suitably allocates the available resources reaching Heisenberg scaling without any prior information on the parameter. We demonstrate experimentally such an advantage in measuring a rotation angle. We quantitatively verify Heisenberg scaling for a considerable range of $N$ by using single-photon states with high-order orbital angular momentum, achieving an error reduction greater than $10$ dB below the standard quantum limit. Such results can be applied to different scenarios, opening the way to the optimization of resources in quantum sensing.
PRONTO: Preamble Overhead Reduction with Neural Networks for Coarse Synchronization
Creators: name: Soltani, Nasim
name: Roy, Debashri
name: Chowdhury, Kaushik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In IEEE 802.11 WiFi-based waveforms, the receiver performs coarse time and frequency synchronization using the first field of the preamble known as the legacy short training field (L-STF). The L-STF occupies upto 40% of the preamble length and takes upto 32 us of airtime. With the goal of reducing communication overhead, we propose a modified waveform, where the preamble length is reduced by eliminating the L-STF. To decode this modified waveform, we propose a neural network (NN)-based scheme called PRONTO that performs coarse time and frequency estimations using other preamble fields, specifically the legacy long training field (L-LTF). Our contributions are threefold: (i) We present PRONTO featuring customized convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for packet detection and coarse carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation, along with data augmentation steps for robust training. (ii) We propose a generalized decision flow that makes PRONTO compatible with legacy waveforms that include the standard L-STF. (iii) We validate the outcomes on an over-the-air WiFi dataset from a testbed of software defined radios (SDRs). Our evaluations show that PRONTO can perform packet detection with 100% accuracy, and coarse CFO estimation with errors as small as 3%. We demonstrate that PRONTO provides upto 40% preamble length reduction with no bit error rate (BER) degradation. We further show that PRONTO is able to achieve the same performance in new environments without the need to re-train the CNNs. Finally, we experimentally show the speedup achieved by PRONTO through GPU parallelization over the corresponding CPU-only implementations.
Two-dimensional nonlinear travelling waves in magnetohydrodynamic channel flow
Creators: name: Hagan, Jonathan
name: Priede, Jānis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present study is concerned with the stability of a flow of viscous conducting liquid driven by pressure gradient in the channel between two parallel walls subject to a transverse magnetic field. Although the magnetic field has a strong stabilizing effect, this flow, similarly to its hydrodynamic counterpart -- plane Poiseuille flow, is known to become turbulent significantly below the threshold predicted by linear stability theory. We investigate the effect of the magnetic field on 2D nonlinear travelling-wave states which are found at substantially subcritical Reynolds numbers starting from $Re_n=2939$ without the magnetic field and from $Re_n\sim6.50\times10^3Ha$ in a sufficiently strong magnetic field defined by the Hartmann number $Ha.$ Although the latter value is by a factor of seven lower than the linear stability threshold $Re_l\sim4.83\times10^4Ha$,it is still more by an order of magnitude higher than the experimentally observed value for the onset of turbulence in the MHD channel flow.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures; final version
Positivity of Hochster Theta
Creators: name: Rahmati, Mohammad Reza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: M. Hochster defines an invariant namely $Θ(M,N)$ associated to two finitely generated module over a hyper-surface ring $R=P/f$, where $P=k\{x_0,...,x_n\}$ or $k[X_0,...,x_n]$, for $k$ a field and $f$ is a germ of holomorphic function or a polynomial, having isolated singularity at $0$. This invariant can be lifted to the Grothendieck group $G_0(R)_{\mathbb{Q}}$ and is compatible with the chern character and cycle class map, according to the works of W. Moore, G. Piepmeyer, S. Spiroff, M. Walker. They prove that it is semi-definite when $f$ is a homogeneous polynomial, using Hodge theory on Projective varieties. It is a conjecture that the same holds for general isolated singularity $f$. We give a proof of this conjecture using Hodge theory of isolated hyper-surface singularities when $k=\mathbb{C}$. We apply this result to give a positivity criteria for intersection multiplicty of proper intersections in the variety of $f$.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1103.5574 by other authors
The $L^\infty$-positivity preserving property and stochastic completeness
Creators: name: Bisterzo, Andrea
name: Marini, Ludovico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C21, 58J05, 58J65, 35J10, 31C12

description: We say that a Riemannian manifold satisfies the $L^p$-positivity preserving property if $(-Δ+ 1)u\ge 0$ in a distributional sense implies $u \ge 0$ for all $ u \in L^p$.While geodesic completeness of the manifold at hand ensures the $L^p$-positivity preserving property for all $p \in (1, +\infty)$, when $p = + \infty$ some assumptions are needed. In this paper we show that the $L^\infty$-positivity preserving property is in fact equivalent to stochastic completeness, i.e., the fact that the minimal heat kernel of the manifold preserves probability. The result is achieved via some monotone approximation results for distributional solutions of $-Δ+ 1 \ge 0$, which are of independent interest.
description: 14 pages, comments or suggestions are very welcome
FlowMapper.org: A web-based framework for designing origin-destination flow maps
Creators: name: Koylu, Caglar
name: Tian, Geng
name: Windsor, Mary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.3.8

description: FlowMapper.org is a web-based framework for automated production and design of origin-destination flow maps (https://flowmapper.org). FlowMapper has four major features that contribute to the advancement of existing flow mapping systems. First, users can upload and process their own data to design and share customized flow maps. The ability to save data, cartographic design and map elements in a project file allows users to easily share their data and cartographic design with others. Second, users can customize the flow line symbology by including options to change the flow line style, width, and coloring. FlowMapper includes algorithms for drawing curved line styles with varying thickness along a flow line, which reduces the visual cluttering and overlapping by tapering flow lines at origin and destination points. The ability to customize flow symbology supports different flow map reading tasks such as comparing flow magnitudes and directions and identifying flow and location clusters that are strongly connected with each other. Third, FlowMapper supports supplementary layers such as node symbol, choropleth, and base maps to contextualize flow patterns with location references and characteristics such as net-flow, gross flow, net-flow ratio, or a locational attribute such as population density. FlowMapper also supports user interactions to zoom, filter, and obtain details-on-demand functions to support visual information seeking about nodes, flows and regions. Finally, the web-based architecture of FlowMapper supports server side computational capabilities to process, normalize and summarize large flow data to reveal natural patterns of flows.
Edition Open Access: XML Workflow
Creators: name: Thoden, Klaus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: hybrid publishing, ,
book production workflow
document model
text enrichment

description: This presentation was given by Klaus Thoden on occasion of the workshop From Text to Structured Edition – Producing XML-TEI Content at Göttingen State and University Library, december 11-13, 2018. The Workshop was organised by AEUP, in cooperation with the projects Métopes and HIRMEOS.

Métopes, developed at Maison de la Recherche en Sciences Humaines in Caen as a project framework, aims to realize a set of tools and methods to allow the distribution of digital content in standardized environments with high interoperability potential. Métopes contributes to global rationalization of the publishing process by promoting the implementation of new multimedia distribution strategies and ensuring the sustainability of content and metadata. By supporting the production of standardised content (XML-TEI), the Métopes framework enables common catalogues or other content aggregation of associated publishers and content providers (metadata and content) in established industry standards such as ONIX
Mechanism Design with Informational Punishment
Creators: name: Balzer, Benjamin
name: Schneider, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce \emph{informational punishment} to the design of mechanisms that compete with an exogenous status quo mechanism: Players can send garbled public messages with some delay, and others cannot commit to ignoring them. Optimal informational punishment ensures that full participation is without loss, even if any single player can publicly enforce the status quo mechanism. Informational punishment permits using a standard revelation principle, is independent of the mechanism designer's objective, and operates exclusively off the equilibrium path. It is robust to refinements and applies in informed-principal settings. We provide conditions that make it robust to opportunistic signal designers.
Seshadri constants on some blow-ups of projective spaces
Creators: name: Karmakar, Rupam
name: Roy, Praveen Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J60, 14H60, 14J10

description: Let $X^n_{r,s}$ denote the blow-up of $\mathbb{P}^n$ along $r$ general lines and $s$ general points. In this paper, we focus on $l$-very ample line bundles on $X^n_{0,s}$ and investigate their Seshadri constants with some restrictions on $s$. Additionally, we compute the nef cone of $X^3_{r,0}$ for $r\leq 6$ and study the Seshadri constants of some ample line bundles on it. We also examine the Seshadri constants of some ample line bundles on $X^4_{r,0}$ ($r\leq 7$) and $X^5_{r,0}$ ($r \leq 5$).
description: 17 pages, Published
Exploring hints for dark energy density evolution in light of recent data
Creators: name: Cardenas, Victor H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Considering a quadratic parametrization of the dark energy density, we explore signatures of evolution using data from gas mass fraction in clusters, type Ia supernova, BAO and CMB. We find -- excluding CMB data -- a preference for a evolution of $ρ_{de}(z)$ towards smaller values as redshift increases, a result consistent with a recent study using the BAO DR11 data by Delubac et al. (2015).
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Phenomenology of kt-factorization for inclusive Higgs boson production at LHC
Creators: name: Lipatov, A. V.
name: Malyshev, M. A.
name: Zotov, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the inclusive Higgs boson production in proton-proton collisions at high energies in the framework of kt-factorization QCD approach. The attention is focused on the dominant off-shell gluon-gluon fusion subprocess, where the transverse momentum of incoming gluons are taken into account. The transverse momentum dependent (or unintegrated) gluon densities of the proton are determined using the CCFM evolution equation as well as the Kimber-Martin-Ryskin prescription. We study the theoretical uncertainties of our calculations and perform the comparison with the results of traditional pQCD evaluations. Our predictions agree well with the first experimental data taken by the ATLAS collaboration at the LHC. We argue that further studies of the Higgs boson production are capable of constraining the unintegrated gluon densities of the proton.
description: Corrected and improved version; conclusions unchanged
A combined statistical and machine learning approach for spatial prediction of extreme wildfire frequencies and sizes
Creators: name: Cisneros, Daniela
name: Gong, Yan
name: Yadav, Rishikesh
name: Hazra, Arnab
name: Huser, Raphael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motivated by the Extreme Value Analysis 2021 (EVA 2021) data challenge we propose a method based on statistics and machine learning for the spatial prediction of extreme wildfire frequencies and sizes. This method is tailored to handle large datasets, including missing observations. Our approach relies on a four-stage high-dimensional bivariate sparse spatial model for zero-inflated data, which is developed using stochastic partial differential equations(SPDE). In Stage 1, the observations are categorized in zero/nonzero categories and are modeled using a two-layered hierarchical Bayesian sparse spatial model to estimate the probabilities of these two categories. In Stage 2, before modeling the positive observations using spatially-varying coefficients, smoothed parameter surfaces are obtained from empirical estimates using fixed rank kriging. This approximate Bayesian method inference was employed to avoid the high computational burden of large spatial data modeling using spatially-varying coefficients. In Stage 3, the standardized log-transformed positive observations from the second stage are further modeled using a sparse bivariate spatial Gaussian process. The Gaussian distribution assumption for wildfire counts developed in the third stage is computationally effective but erroneous. Thus in Stage 4, the predicted values are rectified using Random Forests. The posterior inference is drawn for Stages 1 and 3 using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling. A cross-validation scheme is then created for the artificially generated gaps, and the EVA 2021 prediction scores of the proposed model are compared to those obtained using certain natural competitors.
description: 49 pages, 11 figures
Device-Independent-Quantum-Randomness-Enhanced Zero-Knowledge Proof
Creators: name: Li, Cheng-Long
name: Zhang, Kai-Yi
name: Zhang, Xingjian
name: Yang, Kui-Xing
name: Han, Yu
name: Cheng, Su-Yi
name: Cui, Hongrui
name: Liu, Wen-Zhao
name: Li, Ming-Han
name: Liu, Yang
name: Bai, Bing
name: Dong, Hai-Hao
name: Zhang, Jun
name: Ma, Xiongfeng
name: Yu, Yu
name: Fan, Jingyun
name: Zhang, Qiang
name: Pan, Jian-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) is a fundamental cryptographic primitive that allows a prover to convince a verifier of the validity of a statement without leaking any further information. As an efficient variant of ZKP, non-interactive zero-knowledge proof (NIZKP) adopting the Fiat-Shamir heuristic is essential to a wide spectrum of applications, such as federated learning, blockchain and social networks. However, the heuristic is typically built upon the random oracle model making ideal assumptions about hash functions, which does not hold in reality and thus undermines the security of the protocol. Here, we present a quantum resolution to the problem. Instead of resorting to a random oracle model, we implement a quantum randomness service. This service generates random numbers certified by the loophole-free Bell test and delivers them with postquantum cryptography (PQC) authentication. Employing this service, we conceive and implement a NIZKP of the three-colouring problem. By bridging together three prominent research themes, quantum non-locality, PQC and ZKP, we anticipate this work to open a new paradigm of quantum information science.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, 6 tables
Free-running InGaAs single photon detector with 1 dark count per second at 10% efficiency
Creators: name: Korzh, Boris
name: Walenta, Nino
name: Lunghi, Tommaso
name: Gisin, Nicolas
name: Zbinden, Hugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a free-running single photon detector for telecom wavelengths based on a negative feedback avalanche photodiode (NFAD). A dark count rate as low as 1 cps was obtained at a detection efficiency of 10%, with an afterpulse probability of 2.2% for 20 μs of deadtime. This was achieved by using an active hold-off circuit and cooling the NFAD with a free-piston stirling cooler down to temperatures of -110${^o}$C. We integrated two detectors into a practical, 625 MHz clocked quantum key distribution system. Stable, real-time key distribution in presence of 30 dB channel loss was possible, yielding a secret key rate of 350 bps.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Richard H. Young
Richard Hale Young
Creators: name: Ingwersen, James
Publisher: name: Galter Health Science Library & Learning Center
Year: 2016

description: Oil on canvas portrait of Dr. Richard H. Young by artist James Ingwersen. Measures 137 cm H x 112 cm W x 8 cm D. (Accompanying plaque, measuring 2.5 cm H x 12.7 cm W, reads: Richard H. Young, M.D. Dean, Northwestern University Medical School 1949-1970). Photo of portrait. Housed in Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. The unveiling of Dean Richard H. Young's portrait took place during the annual Reunion dinner at the Furniture Club on Lake Shore Drive, May 23, 1970. (Source: Northwestern University Medical School Magazine 8(2): cover pages; 2-6 Spring-Summer, 1970).
title: Essays on communication, social interactions and information.
Creators: name: Battiston, Diego
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: HB Economic Theory

description: This thesis consists of three papers in the broad field of Applied Economics. I focus on three “soft factors”, namely, face-to-face communication, brief social interactions and information updates. I study on how they affect individual and organisational outcomes using different natural experiments. The first chapter provides causal evidence on how the ability to communicate face-to-face (in addition to electronic communication) can increase organisational performance. The study exploits a natural experiment within a large organisation where workers must communicate electronically with their teammates. A computerized system allocates the tasks to workers creating exogenous variation in the co-location of teammates. Workers who share the same room, can also communicate in person. The main findings are that face-to-face communication increases productivity and that this effect significantly varies across tasks, team characteristics and working environments. In the second chapter I construct a novel dataset of immigrants and ships arrived to the US in the early 20th century to study the effects of brief social interactions and their persistence over time. The chapter shows that individuals travelling (during few days) with shipmates that have better connections in the US, have higher quality jobs. Several findings are consistent with the mechanism whereby individuals get information or access to job opportunities from their shipmates. The study highlights the importance of social interactions with unknown individuals during critical life junctures. It also suggests that they are more relevant for individuals with poor access to information or weak social networks. The third chapter shows that executions cause a local and temporary reduction in serious violent crime. The interpretation of this result follows from a theoretical framework connecting information updates with the increasing ’awareness’ of individuals about the consequences of crime. Consistently with the predictions of the model, the study finds that effects are stronger when media attention is high and lower in places with high propensity to apply the death penalty.
THEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF DATA SCIENCE
Creators: name: Zhang, Sheng
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2022
Subjects: Applied mathematics not elsewhere classified

description: This work is a collection of original research, contributing to various hot topics in contemporary data science, covering both theory and applications. The topics include discovering physical laws from data, data-driven epidemiological models, Gaussian random field surrogate models, and image texture classification. In Chapter 2, we introduce a novel method for discovering physical laws from data with uncertainty quantification. In Chapter 3, this method is enhanced to tackle high noise and outliers. In Chapter 4, the method is applied to discover the law of turbine component damage in industry. In Chapter 5, we propose a new framework for building trustworthy data-driven epidemiological models and apply it to the COVID-19 outbreak in New York City. In Chapter 6, we construct augmented Gaussian random field, a universal framework incorporating the data of observable and derivatives of any order. The theoretical framework as well as computational framework are established. In Chapter 7, we introduce the use of 2-dimensional signature, an object inspired by rough paths theory, as feature for image texture classification.
An efficient Chorin-Temam projection proper orthogonal decomposition based reduced-order model for nonstationary Stokes equations
Creators: name: Li, Xi
name: Luo, Yan
name: Feng, Minfu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N12, 65N30

description: In this paper, we propose an efficient proper orthogonal decomposition based reduced-order model(POD-ROM) for nonstationary Stokes equations, which combines the classical projection method with POD technique. This new scheme mainly owns two advantages: the first one is low computational costs since the classical projection method decouples the reduced-order velocity variable and reduced-order pressure variable, and POD technique further improves the computational efficiency; the second advantage consists of circumventing the verification of classical LBB/inf-sup condition for mixed POD spaces with the help of pressure stabilized Petrov-Galerkin(PSPG)-type projection method, where the pressure stabilization term is inherent which allows the use of non inf-sup stable elements without adding extra stabilization terms. We first obtain the convergence of PSPG-type finite element projection scheme, and then analyze the proposed projection POD-ROM's stability and convergence. Numerical experiments validate out theoretical results.
Compact static stars in minimal dilatonic gravity
Creators: name: Fiziev, Plamen P
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the version \cite{Fiziev14} of this paper we presented for the first time the basic equations and relations for relativistic static spherically symmetric stars (SSSS) in the model of minimal dilatonic gravity (MDG). This model is {\em locally} equivalent to the f(R) theory of gravity and gives an alternative description of the effects of dark matter and dark energy using the Branse-Dicke dilaton $Φ$. To outline the basic properties of the MDG model of SSSS and to compare them with general relativistic results, in the present paper we use the relativistic equation of state (EOS) of neutron matter as an ideal Fermi neutron gas at zero temperature. We overcome the well-known difficulties of the physics of SSSS in the f(R) theories of gravity \cite{Felice10,Berti} applying novel highly nontrivial nonlinear boundary conditions, which depend on the global properties of the solution and on the EOS. We also introduce two pairs of new notions: cosmological-energy-pressure densities and dilaton-energy-pressure densities, as well as two new EOS for them: cosmological EOS (CEOS) and dilaton EOS (DEOS). Special attention is paid to the dilatonic sphere (in brief -- disphere) of SSSS, introduced in this paper for the first time. Using several realistic EOS for neutron star (NS): SLy, BSk19, BSk20 and BSk21, and current observational two-solar-masses-limit, we derive an estimate for scalar-field-mass $m_Φ\sim 10^{-13} eV/c^2 ÷4\times 10^{-11} eV/c^2$. Thus, the present version of the paper reflects some of the recent developments of the topic.
description: 13 pages, 14 figures, LaTeX file. The present version matches the journal publication. According to the unknown referee suggestions Section 4.2 and Appendix are added. An essential new estimate for dilaton mass from two solar masses limit are derived
Interactive Protocols for Classically-Verifiable Quantum Advantage
Creators: name: Zhu, Daiwei
name: Kahanamoku-Meyer, Gregory D.
name: Lewis, Laura
name: Noel, Crystal
name: Katz, Or
name: Harraz, Bahaa
name: Wang, Qingfeng
name: Risinger, Andrew
name: Feng, Lei
name: Biswas, Debopriyo
name: Egan, Laird
name: Gheorghiu, Alexandru
name: Nam, Yunseong
name: Vidick, Thomas
name: Vazirani, Umesh
name: Yao, Norman Y.
name: Cetina, Marko
name: Monroe, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Achieving quantum computational advantage requires solving a classically intractable problem on a quantum device. Natural proposals rely upon the intrinsic hardness of classically simulating quantum mechanics; however, verifying the output is itself classically intractable. On the other hand, certain quantum algorithms (e.g. prime factorization via Shor's algorithm) are efficiently verifiable, but require more resources than what is available on near-term devices. One way to bridge the gap between verifiability and implementation is to use "interactions" between a prover and a verifier. By leveraging cryptographic functions, such protocols enable the classical verifier to enforce consistency in a quantum prover's responses across multiple rounds of interaction. In this work, we demonstrate the first implementation of an interactive quantum advantage protocol, using an ion trap quantum computer. We execute two complementary protocols -- one based upon the learning with errors problem and another where the cryptographic construction implements a computational Bell test. To perform multiple rounds of interaction, we implement mid-circuit measurements on a subset of trapped ion qubits, with subsequent coherent evolution. For both protocols, the performance exceeds the asymptotic bound for classical behavior; maintaining this fidelity at scale would conclusively demonstrate verifiable quantum advantage.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures; supp. info 23 pages, 4 figures
Strong-randomness phenomena in quantum Ashkin-Teller models
Creators: name: Barghathi, Hatem
name: Hrahsheh, Fawaz
name: Hoyos, José A.
name: Narayanan, Rajesh
name: Vojta, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $N$-color quantum Ashkin-Teller spin chain is a prototypical model for the study of strong-randomness phenomena at first-order and continuous quantum phase transitions. In this paper, we first review the existing strong-disorder renormalization group approaches to the random quantum Ashkin-Teller chain in the weak-coupling as well as the strong-coupling regimes. We then introduce a novel general variable transformation that unifies the treatment of the strong-coupling regime. This allows us to determine the phase diagram for all color numbers $N$, and the critical behavior for all $N \ne 4$. In the case of two colors, $N=2$, a partially ordered product phase separates the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases in the strong-coupling regime. This phase is absent for all $N>2$, i.e., there is a direct phase boundary between the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases. In agreement with the quantum version of the Aizenman-Wehr theorem, all phase transitions are continuous, even if their clean counterparts are of first order. We also discuss the various critical and multicritical points. They are all of infinite-randomness type, but depending on the coupling strength, they belong to different universality classes.
description: 8 pages, 2 eps figures included, final version as published, unifies and further develops the theories of arXiv:1208.0471 and arXiv:1310.4864
1988-Michael_Intriligator-Dagobert_Brito-A_Predator-Prey_Model_of_Guerrilla_Warfare
Creators: name: Intriligator, Michael
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2023

description: The purpose of this paper is to analyze guerrilla warfare by means of a dynamic model. The model suggests specific paths for the evolution of such ward and how such wars might be fought or combatted.