cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Die Konstruktion von ‚gefährlichen Orten’ in Großwohnsiedlungen: Wohnen ‚Am Südpark’ in Halle-Neustadt
Creators: name: Auge, Yelva
Publisher: name: MLU Human Geography Working Paper Series
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 000

description: The following paper examines how the image of a 'danger zone’ is constructed in the neighbourhood 'Am Südpark' in the large housing estate Halle-Neustadt and how everyday living functions in such a place. The neighbourhood is characterized by a concentration of marginalized tenants and has received media attention in recent years due to rising crime figures. In 2016, it was declared a 'danger zone' by the police and since then, identity checks without any proof of suspicion can be carried out there. In order to investigate the connections between the experience of one's own place of residence and the construction of this place as 'dangerous', I conducted interviews with residents of the neighbourhood. In addition to everyday realities, the analysis of the interviews revealed several contradictions to the theoretical discussion of 'danger zones'. Contrary to the prevailing assumption in the literature, the declaration of 'Am Südpark' as a 'danger zone’ had little impact on the residents. This can be attributed to various explanations, including the neighbourhood’s character as a monofunctional residential area, a lack of scandalization of police interventions, residents being accustomed to the prevailing living conditions, and an increased relevance of social problems vis-à-vis police presence or crime.
Bragg diffraction by a magnetic all-in-all-out configuration with application to a cubic cerium pyrochlore oxide
Creators: name: Lovesey, Stephen W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Bragg diffraction of neutrons and x-rays are well-suited to the task of determining the distribution of magnetization in crystals. Applications of the two techniques proceed by contrasting observed intensities with intensities calculated with a specific model, and changing the model as need be to achieve satisfactory agreement. An all-in-all-out (AIAO) magnetic configuration of magnetic dipoles on a cubic face-centred lattice with networks of corner-sharing tetrahedra is often mentioned in the context of pyrochlore oxides, for example, but the corresponding neutron and x-ray diffraction patterns appear not have been calculated. Our results for patterns of Bragg spots from an AIAO magnetic configuration defined by a magnetic space group are symmetry informed and yield exact reflection conditions. Specifically, a long-range order of magnetic dipoles is forbidden in our model. Bulk properties arise from higher-order multipoles that include quadrupoles and octupoles. Bragg spots that exclude all magnetic multipoles other than an octupole have been discovered, and they can be observed by both neutron diffraction and resonant x-ray diffraction. All magnetic multipoles allowed in diffraction by cerium ions (4f1) are presented in terms of coefficients in a well-documented and unusual magnetic ground state. Symmetry of the cerium site in the cubic structure constrains the coefficients. Our scattering amplitudes have an application in both neutron and x-ray diffraction experiments on Ce2Zr2O7, for example, and searches for the sought-after cerium octupole. Also presented for future use is a result for the total, energy-integrated magnetic neutron scattering intensity by a powder sample.
Die regionalwirtschaftlichen Nachfrageeffekte der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg
Creators: name: Bös, Markus
name: Everts, Jonathan
name: Schneider, Paul R.
Publisher: name: MLU Human Geography Working Paper Series
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 000

description: Die Studie untersucht die regionalwirtschaftliche Bedeutung der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg (MLU) für die Stadt Halle (Saale), die Hochschulregion und das Land Sachsen-Anhalt anhand der von der MLU abhängigen Nachfrageeffekte in Form von Umsatz, Einkommen und Beschäftigung. Im Jahr 2019 führten die Ausgaben von Studierenden, Beschäftigten, Universität und Landesbetrieb in Halle (Saale) zu einem Umsatz von 234 Mio. € und 4.351 Arbeitsplätzen. Für die Hochschulregion (ohne die Saalestadt) wurden weitere Umsätze von in Höhe von 45 Mio. € sowie 321 Arbeitsplätze errechnet. Auf den nördlichen Teil des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt entfielen 43 Mio. € Umsatz und 278 Arbeitsplätze. Aus den insgesamt 4.951 für Sachsen-Anhalt ermittelten Arbeitsplätzen entstanden in Halle (Saale) Einkommen in Höhe von 137 Mio. €, in der Hochschulregion (ohne die Saalestadt) weitere 10 Mio. € und 10,5 Mio. € im nördlichen Teil Sachsen-Anhalts. Je Euro Landeszuschuss (156 Mio. € im Jahr 2019) entsteht somit durch die MLU in Sachsen- Anhalt ein Umsatz von mehr als zwei Euro und ein zusätzliches Arbeitnehmerbrutto-einkommen von knapp über einem Euro.Außerdem zeigt die Studie, dass die Bedeutung der MLU über die reinen Nachfrageeffekte hinausreicht. Die Universität bildet zum einen das hochqualifizierte Personal im naturwissenschaftlichen, medizinischen und gesellschaftswissenschaftlichen Bereich aus, welches Basis für die Ansiedelung teils hochgradig spezialisierter Arbeitsplätze ist. Außerdem sind die Leistungen der MLU auch in Bezug auf die Grundlagenforschung von Bedeutung, welche für einen Wissens- und Technologietransfer in die lokale Wirtschaft unerlässlich ist. Zum anderen bereichert die MLU die Stadt Halle (Saale) beispielsweise durch das ehrenamtliche Engagement ihrer Studierenden und Beschäftigten. Da die regionalökonomische Bedeutung der MLU vor allem auf den Konsumausgaben der Studierenden fußt, sind die Sicherstellung, Anpassung und Weiterentwicklung von geeigneten Rahmenbedingungen (hohe Qualität der Lehre, Präsenzunterricht, eine für junge Menschen attraktive Stadt und Region) entscheidend, damit die MLU auch zukünftig und insbesondere im Zuge des aktuellen Strukturwandels ihre Wirkung als bedeutender lokaler und regionaler Umsatz-, Einkommens- und Beschäftigungsmotor entfalten kann.
Modeling and simulation in supersonic three-temperature carbon dioxide turbulent channel flow
Creators: name: Cao, Guiyu
name: Shi, Yipeng
name: Xu, Kun
name: Chen, Shiyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper pioneers the direct numerical simulation (DNS) and physical analysis in supersonic three-temperature carbon dioxide (CO2) turbulent channel flow. CO2 is a linear and symmetric triatomic molecular, with the thermal non-equilibrium three-temperature effects arising from the interactions among translational, rotational and vibrational modes under room temperature. Thus, the rotational and vibrational modes of CO2 are addressed. Thermal non-equilibrium effect of CO2 has been modeled in an extended three-temperature BGK-type model, with the calibrated translational, rotational and vibrational relaxation time. To solve the extended BGK-type equation accurately and robustly, non-equilibrium high-accuracy gas-kinetic scheme is proposed within the well-established two-stage fourth-order framework. Compared with the one-temperature supersonic turbulent channel flow, supersonic three-temperature CO2 turbulence enlarges the ensemble heat transfer of the wall by approximate 20%, and slightly decreases the ensemble frictional force. The ensemble density and temperature fields are greatly affected, and there is little change in Van Driest transformation of streamwise velocity. The thermal non-equilibrium three-temperature effects of CO2 also suppress the peak of normalized root-mean-square of density and temperature, normalized turbulent intensities and Reynolds stress. The vibrational modes of CO2 behave quite differently with rotational and translational modes. Compared with the vibrational temperature fields, the rotational temperature fields have the higher similarity with translational temperature fields, especially in temperature amplitude. Current thermal non-equilibrium models, high-accuracy DNS and physical analysis in supersonic CO2 turbulent flow can act as the benchmark for the long-term applicability of compressible CO2 turbulence.
description: Carbon dioxide flow, Vibrational modes, Three-temperature effects, Supersonic turbulent channel flows
Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in Two-Component Relativistic Jets
Creators: name: Toma, Kenji
name: Komissarov, Serguei S.
name: Porth, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relativistic jets associated with active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts propagate over huge distances without significant loss of momentum. At the same time they are bright emitters, which is indicative of strong energy dissipation. This points towards a mechanism of internal dissipation which does not result in a global disruption of the flow. One possibility is internal shocks and another one is turbulence driven by local instabilities. Such instabilities can be triggered when a freely expanding jet is reconfined by either the cocoon or external gas pressure. In this paper we study the dynamics of two-component spine-sheath hydrodynamic jets coming into pressure equilibrium with external gas using 2D computer simulations. We find that the jet oscillations lead to a rapid onset of Rayleigh-Taylor-type instabilities, which results in additional internal dissipation and mixing of the jet components. Although slightly different in details, this outcome holds both for the heavy-spine-light-sheath and light-spine-heavy-sheath configurations. The results may provide an explanation to the spatial flaring observed in some AGN jets on kpc-scales.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS; texts revised from v1
Migration aus Großwohnsiedlungen – Umzugsmotive seit 2010 Abgewanderter aus Halle-Neustadt
Creators: name: Wiech, Ulrike
Publisher: name: MLU Human Geography Working Paper Series
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 000

description: Built in the GDR, Halle-Neustadt once reflected the "city of the future" according to the socialist ideal. It was a domicil for 90,000 residents, however with the Fall of the Wall a rapid emigration took place. From the inner-German reunification until today, the number of inhabitants has fallen by more than 50 percent, which can be attributed to the moving away of numerous previous residents. Even today, the district is considered controversial and triggers divergent debates between current and former inhabitants. The purpose of that paper is to generate some of their motives for the emigration. With the help of social networks, antecedent inhabitants of Halle-Neustadt were acquired and questioned in narrative interviews. The statements of the respondents can be classified into six categories, covering the living environment, family and professional reasons, personal well-being, including feeling of security as well as the living situation and old-age provision. Most interview partners stated that they had left Halle-Neustadt due to the living environment, like the decay of many buildings or the surrounding inhabitants. Their ages can be dated between 20 and 50 years. The survey also shows that the commute or familiar concerns are also frequently mentioned motives for moving by former residents between the ages of 20 and 40 years. The retirement provision was only named by two elder female residents.
Das Beste an Leipzig? Die Wohnstandortkampagne der Stadt Eilenburg in Nordsachsen
Creators: name: Winkler, Karsten
Publisher: name: MLU Human Geography Working Paper Series
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 000

description: As with many municipalities in former East Germany, the town of Eilenburg in Saxony was characterized by a declining population and selective migration for almost three decades after the german reunification. Given these circumstances the city administration undertook its campaign “favourite town Eilenburg – the best of Leipzig” between 2016 and 2020. The campaign’s overarching objective was to strengthen the town’s profile as an attractive residential location and thus increase the inbound-migration to Eilenburg in order to compensate the losses of the natural population change and to reduce the rate at which the town’s population profile is aging. However, in an interview with representatives of the city administration it became clear that the campaign is also part of a new approach of the town’s strategy of urban development. The purpose of this strategy is to benefit from the prosperity of the city of Leipzig by offering the best residential environment in its greater area. By means of narrative interviews with people who had recently moved to the area, it could be revealed that the campaign could not fulfill its primary purpose. Instead, an emotional bond with the town or existing social networks were much more important for the newcomers. Nevertheless, the campaign had a positive effect on the self-perception of residents and the interviewed newcomers. In the future in order to make a greater use of this potential the campaign is to be further developed and extended into broader city marketing that appeals to both newcomers and residents of the town.
Halle (Saale) – Deutsche Einheit, Transformationserfahrungen und Zukunft
Creators: name: Bös, Markus
name: Everts, Jonathan
Publisher: name: MLU Human Geography Working Paper Series
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 000

description: Die Stadt Halle (Saale) hat in den vergangenen 30 Jahren tiefgreifende politische, ökonomische und gesellschaftliche Transformationen erfahren. Vor diesem Hintergrund hatte sich die Stadt in einem Standortwettbewerb um die Ansiedlung des „Zukunftszentrums für Europäische Transformation und Deutsche Einheit“ beworben. Im Februar 2023 konnte die Stadt den Standortwettbewerb für sich entscheiden. Im Fokus des Zukunftszentrums werden die vielseitigen Transformationserfahrungen der Menschen in Ostdeutschland und Osteuropa stehen. Um die Bewerbung der Stadt Halle (Saale) zu unterstützen, haben sich die beiden Autoren des vorliegenden Beitrags zusammen mit Studierenden im Rahmen einer humangeographischen Lehrveranstaltung mit den Transformationserfahrungen der Bürgerinnen und Bürgern vor Ort auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen auseinandergesetzt und Argumente zusammengetragen, welche für die Stadt Halle (Saale) als Standort des Zukunftszentrums sprechen. Diese werden in der Sonderausgabe zusammenfassend dargestellt. Die Auseinandersetzung mit den Transformationserfahrungen der Menschen der Stadt Halle (Saale) und der umliegenden Region steht nach dem positiven Ausgang des Standortwettbewerbs am Anfang. Die Sonderausgabe will einen Beitrag zu einem fortwährenden Prozess leisten, welcher die Stadt Halle (Saale) und die Region auf dem Weg in die Zukunft begleiten wird.
Search for electroweak production of a vector-like quark decaying to a top quark and a Higgs boson using boosted topologies in fully hadronic final states
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search is performed for electroweak production of a vector-like top quark partner T of charge 2/3 in association with a standard model top or bottom quark, using 2.3 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. The search targets T quarks decaying to a top quark and a Higgs boson in fully hadronic final states. For a T quark with mass above 1 TeV the daughter top quark and Higgs boson are highly Lorentz-boosted and can each appear as a single hadronic jet. Jet substructure and b tagging techniques are used to identify the top quark and Higgs boson jets, and to suppress the standard model backgrounds. An excess of events is searched for in the T quark candidate mass distribution in the data, which is found to be consistent with the expected backgrounds. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the product of the single T quark production cross sections and the branching fraction B(T to tH), and these vary between 0.31 and 0.93 pb for T quark masses in the range 1000-1800 GeV. This is the first search for single electroweak production of a vector-like T quark in fully hadronic final states.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/B2G-16-005
Ist das Kapitalozän ein Patriarchozän? – Ursprünge der zerstörerischen Gewalt des Anthropozäns
Creators: name: Lüth, Jonas
Publisher: name: MLU Human Geography Working Paper Series
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 000

description: Around seventy-five years ago planet earth entered a new geological epoch: the Anthropocene. Although not yet officially certified, the Anthropocene as a concept entered the public discourse with a big bang and is increasingly used in political, societal and cultural discussions. However, critical scholars consider the chosen term Anthropocene as misleading, criticizing the sole focus on the Anthropos (Greek: human being), which attributes responsibility to humankind as a whole. Instead, they argue that it’s just a very specific group of humans that accounts for the ecological problems that we are facing. To concisely illustrate this using the example of carbon emissions: The industrialised countries of the world were and are still responsible for the biggest share of global emissions. In contrast the countries which did not profit from the gained material wealth of the carbon society have a historical and actual carbon footprint which is very low. Moreover, they are arguably not as able to adapt to the ongoing ecologic transformations as are the countries with a high material metabolism. As the Anthropocene is deeply connected to the rise of capitalism as the dominant global economic system, some critical scholars tend to use the term Capitalocene to be able to point at the core of the ecologic crisis. But trying to disentangle the dynamics of the Capitalocene another force can be found behind the developments that led to the extractivist society: patriarchy or the masculinist drive towards dominance over nature, women, and other men. This article discusses the origins of the Capitalocene in patriarchic society and asks if capitalism grew on the fundament of patriarchy or even needed the patriarchy to rise. Are capitalism and patriarchy interdependent – needing one another? The connection between those two destructive systems has long been examined by feminists and has yet to be definitely identified. Nevertheless, what merits further examination is the question of whether patriarchy or masculinity acts as a destructive force for the earth system. In this paper it is argued that the analytical lens of a ‘Patriarcocene’ could help to integrate those questions into the broader Anthropocene discourse in order to detect the toxic mechanisms of modern society which lead to the exploitation of the global ecology. I argue that ecology should be rethought through critical masculinitiy to be able to dismantle this destructive violence against humankind and nature.
Risk aversion in the public sector workforce: the micro-level drivers of change
Creators: name: Lee, Po Chiu Ivan
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: For a long-time, public sector employees have been described as “pathologically” risk averse. Research suggests that a high level of risk aversion in the public sector workforce may lead to undesirable consequences such as hindering reforms and innovations. It is therefore important to understand the factors and mechanisms that could change the level of risk aversion in the public sector. Nevertheless, the scientific inquiry on this topic is limited. This dissertation seeks to explore the mechanisms that may affect the level of risk aversion in the public sector workforce. It adopts the attraction-selection-attrition-socialization (ASAS) framework to examine two potential micro-level driving forces — namely job attraction effect and work socialization effect — that could affect the level of individuals’ risk aversion and thereby ultimately the public sector workforce. The dissertation contains three empirical essays. The first essay uses the systematic review method to identify and evaluate 26 articles published in public administration and other disciplines. The second essay reports a multistage conjoint experiment to examine whether more risk averse individuals are more attracted to the public sector, and whether job seekers consider a job’s employment sector when making job decisions. The third essay uses the 2008-2018 dataset of the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (GSOEP) and conducts a longitudinal analysis to explore whether working longer in the public sector could make individuals become more risk averse over time. The findings of the systematic review suggest that prior studies in this area did not clearly define the concept of risk and risk aversion, and that there is limited effort in exploring the antecedents of risk aversion. The findings of the conjoint experiment suggest that individuals high and low in risk aversion do not behave differently in choosing public sector employment, and they do not care about the employment sector when direct information about a job becomes available in the job search process. The findings of the longitudinal analysis partially support the hypothesis of a socialization effect. Depending on the length of a person’s total work experience, working longer in the public sector work could increase his or her level of risk aversion over time. These findings provide important insights for future research.
Superiorized algorithm for reconstruction of CT images from sparse-view and limited-angle polyenergetic data
Creators: name: Humphries, T.
name: Winn, J.
name: Faridani, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent work in CT imaging has seen increased interest in the use of total variation (TV) and related penalties to regularize problems involving reconstruction from undersampled or incomplete data. Superiorization is a recently proposed heuristic which provides an automatic procedure to "superiorize" an iterative reconstruction algorithm with respect to a chosen objective function, such as TV. Under certain conditions, the superiorized algorithm is guaranteed to find a solution that is as satisfactory as any found by the original algorithm with respect to satisfying the constraints of the problem; this solution is also expected to be superior with respect to the chosen objective. Most work on superiorization has used reconstruction algorithms which assume a linear measurement model, which in the case of CT corresponds to data generated from a monoenergetic X-ray beam. Many CT systems generate X-rays from a polyenergetic spectrum, however, in which the measured data represent an integral of object attenuation over all energies in the spectrum. This inconsistency with the linear model produces the well-known beam hardening artifacts, which impair analysis of CT images. In this work we superiorize an iterative algorithm for reconstruction from polyenergetic data, using both TV and an anisotropic TV (ATV) penalty. We apply the superiorized algorithm in numerical phantom experiments modeling both sparse-view and limited-angle scenarios. In our experiments, the superiorized algorithm successfully finds solutions which are as constraints-compatible as those found by the original algorithm, with significantly reduced TV and ATV values. The superiorized algorithm thus produces images with greatly reduced sparse-view and limited angle artifacts, which are also largely free of the beam hardening artifacts that would be present if a superiorized version of a monoenergetic algorithm were used.
description: 23 pages, 11 figures
A finite-volume scheme for modeling compressible magnetohydrodynamic flows at low Mach numbers in stellar interiors
Creators: name: Leidi, G.
name: Birke, C.
name: Andrassy, R.
name: Higl, J.
name: Edelmann, P. V. F.
name: Wiest, G.
name: Klingenberg, C.
name: Röpke, F. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Fully compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations are a fundamental tool for investigating the role of dynamo amplification in the generation of magnetic fields in deep convective layers of stars. The flows that arise in such environments are characterized by low (sonic) Mach numbers (M_son < 0.01 ). In these regimes, conventional MHD codes typically show excessive dissipation and tend to be inefficient as the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) constraint on the time step becomes too strict. In this work we present a new method for efficiently simulating MHD flows at low Mach numbers in a space-dependent gravitational potential while still retaining all effects of compressibility. The proposed scheme is implemented in the finite-volume Seven-League Hydro (SLH) code, and it makes use of a low-Mach version of the five-wave Harten-Lax-van Leer discontinuities (HLLD) solver to reduce numerical dissipation, an implicit-explicit time discretization technique based on Strang splitting to overcome the overly strict CFL constraint, and a well-balancing method that dramatically reduces the magnitude of spatial discretization errors in strongly stratified setups. The solenoidal constraint on the magnetic field is enforced by using a constrained transport method on a staggered grid. We carry out five verification tests, including the simulation of a small-scale dynamo in a star-like environment at M_son ~ 0.001 . We demonstrate that the proposed scheme can be used to accurately simulate compressible MHD flows in regimes of low Mach numbers and strongly stratified setups even with moderately coarse grids.
Weyl invariance for generalized supergravity backgrounds from the doubled formalism
Creators: name: Sakamoto, Jun-ichi
name: Sakatani, Yuho
name: Yoshida, Kentaroh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has recently been shown that a set of the generalized type IIB supergravity equations follows from the requirement of kappa symmetry of the type IIB Green-Schwarz superstring theory defined on an arbitrary background. In this paper, we show that the whole bosonic part of the generalized type II supergravity equations can be reproduced from the T-duality covariant equations of motion of the double field theory by choosing a non-standard solution of the strong constraint. Then, by using the doubled formalism, we show the Weyl invariance of the bosonic string sigma model on a generalized gravity background. According to the dual-coordinate dependence of the dilaton, the Fradkin-Tseytlin term nicely removes the Weyl anomaly. This result seems likely to support that string theories can be consistently defined on arbitrary generalized supergravity backgrounds.
description: 28 pages; v2: typos corrected, clarifications added; v3: typos corrected, references added, to appear in PTEP
Differential Evolution and Bayesian Optimisation for Hyper-Parameter Selection in Mixed-Signal Neuromorphic Circuits Applied to UAV Obstacle Avoidance
Creators: name: Salt, Llewyn
name: Howard, David
name: Indiveri, Giacomo
name: Sandamirskaya, Yulia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Lobula Giant Movement Detector (LGMD) is a an identified neuron of the locust that detects looming objects and triggers its escape responses. Understanding the neural principles and networks that lead to these fast and robust responses can lead to the design of efficient facilitate obstacle avoidance strategies in robotic applications. Here we present a neuromorphic spiking neural network model of the LGMD driven by the output of a neuromorphic Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS), which has been optimised to produce robust and reliable responses in the face of the constraints and variability of its mixed signal analogue-digital circuits. As this LGMD model has many parameters, we use the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm to optimise its parameter space. We also investigate the use of Self-Adaptive Differential Evolution (SADE) which has been shown to ameliorate the difficulties of finding appropriate input parameters for DE. We explore the use of two biological mechanisms: synaptic plasticity and membrane adaptivity in the LGMD. We apply DE and SADE to find parameters best suited for an obstacle avoidance system on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and show how it outperforms state-of-the-art Bayesian optimisation used for comparison.
description: Submitted to TNNLS
A catalog of candidate double and lensed quasars from Gaia and WISE data
Creators: name: Makarov, Valeri V.
name: Secrest, Nathan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Making use of strong correlations between closely separated multiple or double sources and photometric and astrometric metadata in Gaia EDR3, we generate a catalog of candidate double and multiply imaged lensed quasars and AGNs, comprising 3140 systems. It includes two partially overlapping parts, a sample of distant (redshifts mostly greater than 1) sources with perturbed data, and systems resolved into separate components by Gaia at separations less than $2\arcsec$. For the first part, which is roughly one third of the published catalog, we synthesized 0.617 million redshifts by multiple machine learning prediction and classification methods, using independent photometric and astrometric data from Gaia EDR3 and WISE with accurate spectroscopic redshifts from SDSS as a training set. Using these synthetic redshifts, we estimate a rate of 4.9\% of interlopers with spectroscopic redshift below 1 in this part of the catalog. Unresolved candidate double and dual AGNs and quasars are selected as sources with marginally high BP/RP excess factor (phot_bp_rp_excess_factor), which is sensitive to source extent, limiting our search to high-redshift quasars. For the second part of the catalog, additional filters on measured parallax and near-neighbor statistics are applied to diminish the propagation of remaining stellar contaminants. The estimated rate of positives (double or multiple sources) is 98\%, and the estimated rate of dual (physically related quasars) is greater than 54\%. A few dozen serendipitously found objects of interest are discussed in more detail, including known and new lensed images, planetary nebulae and young infrared stars of peculiar morphology, and quasars with catastrophic redshift errors in SDSS.
description: Accepted in ApJS
The Influence of Public Employment on Private Employment, Wages and Housing Costs in German Districts – An empirical analysis of Public Sector Employment and Local Multipliers
Creators: name: Gescher, Jonathan
Publisher: name: MLU Human Geography Working Paper Series
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 000

description: In this paper I investigate the impact of regional public employment changes on private employment, prices, and wages. Public employment is often used as an instrument of regional and economic stimulus, currently in the Corona stimulus package. Yet its effect is controversial. Studies on regional outcomes find both multiplier and displacement effects. Comparisons are complicated by study periods with growing or shrinking public sectors. Displacement predominates under public sector contraction, while multipliers prevail under expansion.Based on the Keynesian multiplier and general equilibrium model and building on Faggio & Overmann (2014), my analysis uses a dual (public/private) economy with two private sectors: tradable and non-tradable. Multiplier effects following increased demand are expected in the non-tradable sector, while crowding-out effects from cost increases should prevail in the tradable sector. Models on the connection of public- with private- and sectoral job changes as well as with prices and wages are formulated to test this. In addition, an instrumental variables model is constructed as it is robust to biases. The analysis uses district data from 2009-2019, with population, regional type, and qualification structure as control variables.The regression analyses find a significant multiplier effect of 0.7 additional private jobs per new public position. The value in the instrumental variables analysis is higher, indicating a reduced potential in supporting lagging regions. The multiplier effect only affects the non-tradable sector; tradable employment does not change significantly. The expansion of the public sector also leads to higher wages and prices, the latter approximated by asking rents.I develop an explanation of asymmetric multipliers. Under public employment expansion and contraction, the private sector grows. This can be explained by regional demand. Public sector job cuts occur through privatizations and retirements. This lowers the wage level but hardly weakens regional demand. Therefore, the private sector grows. New jobs during public sector expansion generate in-migration, which increases regional demand and private employment.Public employment expansion raises wages and prices. Due to demand effects, private employment increases as well. From a scientific point of view, measures such as the Corona stimulus package are therefore suitable for strengthening private employment.
Searching for H$_α$-emitting sources in the gaps of five transitional disks. SPHERE/ZIMPOL high-contrast imaging
Creators: name: Huélamo, N.
name: Chauvin, G.
name: Mendigutía, I.
name: Whelan, E.
name: Alcalá, J. M.
name: Cugno, G.
name: Schmid, H. M.
name: de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I.
name: Zurlo, A.
name: Barrado, D.
name: Benisty, M.
name: Quanz, S. P.
name: Bouy, H.
name: Montesinos, B.
name: Beletsky, Y.
name: Szulagyi, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Pre-)transitional disks show gaps and cavities that can be related with on-going planet formation. According to theory, young embedded planets can accrete material from the circumplanetary and circumstellar disks, so that they could be detected in accretion tracers, like the H$_α$ emission line. In this work, we present spectral angular differential imaging AO-assisted observations of five (pre-)transitional disks obtained with SPHERE/ZIMPOL at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). They were obtained in the H$_α$ line and the adjacent continuum. We have combined spectral and angular differential imaging techniques to increase the contrast in the innermost regions close to the star, and search for the signature of young accreting protoplanets. As a result, the reduced images do not show any clear H$_α$ point source around any of the targets. We report faint H$_α$ emissions around TW Hya and HD163296: while the former is most probably an artifact related with a spike, the nature of the latter remains unclear. The spectral and angular differential images yield contrasts of 6--8 magnitudes at separations of $\sim$ 100 mas from the central stars, except in the case of LkCa15, with values of $\sim$3 mag. We have estimated upper limits to the accretion luminosity of potential protoplanets, obtaining that planetary models provide an average value of $L_{\rm acc} \sim 10^{-4}$ $L_{\odot}$ at 200 mas, which is $\sim$2 orders of magnitude higher than the $L_{\rm acc}$ estimated from the extrapolation of the $L_{H_α}$ - $L_{acc}$ stellar relationship. We explain the lack of protoplanet detections as a combination of different factors, like e.g. episodic accretion, extinction from the circumstellar and circumplanetray disks, and/or a majority of low-mass, low-accreting planets.
description: 17 pages, Accepted for publication in A&A
Mind Science: A dialogue between East and West with His Holiness the Dalai Lama, March 24, 1991
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Buddhism
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Congresses and conventions

description: Public mailer and registration form for symposium organized by Harvard Medical School Department of Continuing Education, and the Mind/Body Medical Institute in association with Tibet House New York
Two-fluid model of the pulsar magnetosphere represented as an axisymmetric force-free dipole
Creators: name: Petrova, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the exact dipolar solution of the pulsar equation the self-consistent two-fluid model of the pulsar magnetosphere is developed. We concentrate on the low-mass limit of the model, taking into account the radiation damping. As a result, we obtain the particle distributions sustaining the dipolar force-free configuration of the pulsar magnetosphere in case of a slight velocity shear of the electron and positron components. Over most part of the force-free region, the particles follow the poloidal magnetic field lines, with the azimuthal velocities being small. Close to the Y-point, however, the particle motion is chiefly azimuthal and the Lorentz-factor grows unrestrictedly. This may result in the very-high-energy emission from the vicinity of the Y-point and may also imply the magnetocentrifugal formation of a jet. As for the first-order quantities, the longitudinal accelerating electric field is found to change the sign, hinting at coexistence of the polar and outer gaps. Besides that, the components of the plasma conductivity tensor are derived and the low-mass analogue of the pulsar equation is formulated as well.
description: Accepted for publication in JCAP (the author-created un-copiedited version)
The high-ionization IR fine-structure lines as bolometric indicators of the AGN power: study of the complete 12 micron AGN sample
Creators: name: Spinoglio, Luigi
name: Fernandez-Ontiveros, Juan Antonio
name: Malkan, Matthew A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The high-ionization mid-IR lines, excited in the Narrow Line Regions (NLR) of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), barely affected by stellar excitation and dust extinction, trace the AGN bolometric power. We used the complete 12 micron sample of Seyfert galaxies, for which 100/116 objects have reliable 2-10keV observations. The [NeV] and [OIV] mid-IR lines linearly correlate with several AGN bolometric indicators (intrinsic 2-10keV and observed 14-195keV X-ray emission, compact nuclear 12 micron emission, [OIII] 5007A line emission), both in terms of flux and luminosity. No evidence of systematic differences in these correlations is found among the Seyfert populations, including type 1 and type 2, and Compton thick and thin AGN. Nevertheless, we find that a sequence of high-to-low Eddington ratio together with strong-to-weak line excitation (traced by the [OIV]/[Ne II] line ratio) encompasses from type 1 through type 2 AGN to Low Ionization Nuclear Emission Line Region (LINER) galaxies, showing intrinsic differences in these three AGN populations. A positive correlation between the Black Hole Accretion Rate (BHAR) and the Star Formation Rate (SFR) is found, but no correlation between the specific SFR (sSFR) and the ratio BHAR/M_(BH), simply reflecting the fact that the more massive is a galaxy, the more it is forming stars and feeding its central black hole. The JWST telescope, just beginning operations, will allow large samples of AGN to be observed in these lines in the nearby Universe (z<0.9).
description: To be published in The Astrophysical Journal
Data from: pre-copulatory choices drive post-copulatory decisions: mechanisms of female control shift across different life stages
Creators: name: Scott, Catherine
name: Sentenska, Lenka
name: Baruffaldi, Luciana
name: Andrade, Maydianne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Brown widow
Latrodectus geometricus
immature mating
female mate choice
wallflower effect

description: The 'wallflower' hypothesis proposes females mate indiscriminately to avoid reproductive delays. Post-copulatory mechanisms may then allow 'trading up', favouring paternity of future mates. We tested links between pre- and post-copulatory choice in Latrodectus geometricus female spiders paired sequentially with two males. These females copulate as adults or as subadults and store sperm in paired spermathecae. Choosy adults have a higher risk of delays to reproduction than subadults. We predicted low pre-copulatory, but high post-copulatory choice at first matings for adults and the opposite for subadults. At second matings, we expected all females would prefer males superior to their first. We found all females mated indiscriminately at their first pairing, but in contrast to subadults, adults usually copulated only once (leaving one spermatheca empty); a mechanism of post-copulatory choosiness. Adult-mated females were more likely to remate than subadult-mated (adult) females, showing a preference for larger males, while subadult-mated females tended to prefer males in better condition. Our results show that the 'wallflower' effect and 'trading up' tactics can be linked, allowing females to employ choice even if rejecting males is costly.
description: All analyses were conducted in RStudio 2021.09.2 build 382 using R version 4.2.1The R following packages were used:    car    dplyr    effects    emmeans    multcomp    sjPlot    survival
Funding provided by: European CommissionROR ID: https://ror.org/00k4n6c32Award Number: 843298
description: Data were collected in a laboratory experiment in which brown widow females each mated with two males:

First, subadult and adult females mated with naive males.

Next, adult females who had previously mated either as a subadult or adult related with new naive males.

Mating trials were video recorded and the occurrence and timing of courtship and mating behaviours were scored by an observer. See the paper for full details of data collection and analysis.
Submissão SBIE 2023 - Artigo Interoperabilidade em LMSs: Uma Revisão Bibliométrica do Estado da Arte- Material Suplementar
Creators: name: Silva, Jackson
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 390409
subject: Learning sciences
classificationCode: 461299
subject: Software engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Material suplementar para o artigo submetido ao SBIE 2023.Título: Interoperabilidade em LMSs: Uma Revisão Bibliométrica do Estado da ArteContém: Base de dados, Script R e Planilha de avaliação manual dos artigos.
Stabilization-free serendipity virtual element method for plane elasticity
Creators: name: Chen, Alvin
name: Sukumar, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a higher order stabilization-free virtual element method applied to plane elasticity problems. We utilize a serendipity approach to reduce the total number of degrees of freedom from the corresponding high-order approximations. The well-posedness of the problem is numerically studied via an eigenanalysis. The method is then applied to several benchmark problems from linear elasticity and we show that the method delivers optimal convergence rates in $L^2$ norm and energy seminorm that match theoretical estimates as well as the convergence rates from higher order virtual element methods.
description: 24 pages, 17 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2202.10037
The slight spin of the old stellar halo
Creators: name: Deason, Alis J.
name: Belokurov, Vasily
name: Koposov, Sergey E.
name: Gomez, Facundo A.
name: Grand, Robert J.
name: Marinacci, Federico
name: Pakmor, Rudiger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We combine Gaia data release 1 astrometry with Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) images taken some ~10-15 years earlier, to measure proper motions of stars in the halo of our Galaxy. The SDSS-Gaia proper motions have typical statistical errors of 2 mas/yr down to r ~ 20 mag, and are robust to variations with magnitude and colour. Armed with this exquisite set of halo proper motions, we identify RR Lyrae, blue horizontal branch (BHB), and K giant stars in the halo, and measure their net rotation with respect to the Galactic disc. We find evidence for a gently rotating prograde signal (< $V_ϕ$ > ~ 5-25 km/s) in the halo stars, which shows little variation with Galactocentric radius out to 50 kpc. The average rotation signal for the three populations is < $V_ϕ$ > = 14 +/- 2 +/- 10 (syst.) km/s. There is also tentative evidence for a kinematic correlation with metallicity, whereby the metal richer BHB and K giant stars have slightly stronger prograde rotation than the metal poorer stars. Using the Auriga simulation suite we find that the old (T >10 Gyr) stars in the simulated halos exhibit mild prograde rotation, with little dependence on radius or metallicity, in general agreement with the observations. The weak halo rotation suggests that the Milky Way has a minor in situ halo component, and has undergone a relatively quiet accretion history.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures. MNRAS accepted
Effect of geometrically thin discs on precessing, thick flows: Relevance to type-C QPOs
Creators: name: Bollimpalli, D. A.
name: Fragile, P. C.
name: Kluźniak, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Type-C quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are the low-frequency QPOs most commonly observed during the hard spectral state of X-ray binary systems. The leading model for these QPOs is the Lense-Thirring precession of a hot, geometrically thick accretion flow that is misaligned with respect to the black hole spin axis. However, none of the work done to date has accounted for the effects of a surrounding, geometrically thin disc on this precession, as would be the case in the truncated disc picture of the hard state. To address this, we perform a set of GRMHD simulations of truncated discs misaligned with the spin axes of their central black holes. Our results confirm that the inner-hot flow still undergoes precession, though at a rate that is only 5 percent of what is predicted for an isolated, precessing torus. We find that the exchange of angular momentum between the outer, thin and the inner, thick disc causes this slow-down in the precession rate and discuss its relevance to type-C QPOs.
description: Submitted to MNRAS Letters