cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Computing Tools for Effective Field Theories
Creators: name: Aebischer, Jason
name: Fael, Matteo
name: Fuentes-Martín, Javier
name: Thomsen, Anders Eller
name: Virto, Javier
name: Allwicher, Lukas
name: Bakshi, Supratim Das
name: Bélusca-Maïto, Hermès
name: de Blas, Jorge
name: Chala, Mikael
name: Criado, Juan Carlos
name: Dedes, Athanasios
name: Fonseca, Renato M.
name: Goncalves, Angelica
name: Ilakovac, Amon
name: König, Matthias
name: Patra, Sunando Kumar
name: Kühler, Paul
name: Mađor-Božinović, Marija
name: Misiak, Mikołaj
name: Miralles, Víctor
name: Nałȩcz, Ignacy
name: Reboud, Méril
name: Reina, Laura
name: Rosiek, Janusz
name: Ryczkowski, Michal
name: Santiago, José
name: Silvestrini, Luca
name: Stangl, Peter
name: Stöckinger, Dominik
name: Stoffer, Peter
name: Vicente, Avelino
name: Weißwange, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, theoretical and phenomenological studies with effective field theories have become a trending and prolific line of research in the field of high-energy physics. In order to discuss present and future prospects concerning automated tools in this field, the SMEFT-Tools 2022 workshop was held at the University of Zurich from 14th-16th September 2022. The current document collects and summarizes the content of this workshop.
description: 116 pages, 10 figures. Based on the contributions to SMEFT-Tools 2022 (https://indico.icc.ub.edu/event/128/). v2: version published in EPJC
БАРОН ДЕЗМЕЗОННИНГ ФРАНЦУЗ ТИЛИГА ТАРЖИМАСИДА АБУ-Л-ҒОЗИЙ БАҲОДИРХОННИНГ "ШАЖАРАИ ТУРК" АСАРИДА ЛИНГВОМАДАНИЙ БИРЛИКЛАРНИ БЕРИЛИШИ
Creators: name: Холлийев, Шахзодбек
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Абу-л-Ғозий Баҳодирхоннинг "Шажараи Турк" асари туркий халқлар тарихини, шажарасини ва маданиятини тавсифлайдиган муҳим манбалардан бири ҳисобланади. Асар туркий халқларнинг келиб чиқиши, урф-одатлари ва уларнинг маданий мероси ҳақидаги қимматли маълумотларни ўз ичига олади. Барон Дезмезон, машҳур француз таржимони ва филолог, ушбу асарни француз тилига таржима қилиб, европалик ўқувчилар учун бу қимматли маълумотларни ошкор қилди. Ушбу мақолада Дезмезоннинг таржима усуллари, лингвомаданий бирликларнинг берилиши ва уларнинг мисоллари таҳлил қилинади.
Quantumgroups in the Higgs Phase
Creators: name: Bais, F. A.
name: Propitius, M. de Wild
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the Higgs phase we may be left with a residual finite symmetry group H of the condensate. The topological interactions between the magnetic- and electric excitations in these so-called discrete H gauge theories are completely described by the Hopf algebra or quantumgroup D(H). In 2+1 dimensional space time we may add a Chern-Simons term to such a model. This deforms the underlying Hopf algebra D(H) into a quasi-Hopf algebra by means of a 3-cocycle H. Consequently, the finite number of physically inequivalent discrete H gauge theories obtained in this way are labelled by the elements of the cohomology group H^3(H,U(1)). We briefly review the above results in these notes. Special attention is given to the Coulomb screening mechanism operational in the Higgs phase. This mechanism screens the Coulomb interactions, but not the Aharonov-Bohm interactions. (Invited talk given by Mark de Wild Propitius at `The III International Conference on Mathematical Physics, String Theory and Quantum Gravity', Alushta, Ukraine, June 13-24, 1993. To be published in Theor. Math. Phys.)
description: 19 pages in Latex, ITFA-93-30
Dipole moments from atomic-number-dependent potentials in analytic density-functional theory
Creators: name: Dunlap, Brett I.
name: Karna, Shashi P.
name: Zope, Rajendra R.
name: ;
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular dipole moments of analytic density-functional theory are investigated. The effect of element-dependent exchange potentials on these moments are examined by comparison with conventional quantum-chemical methods and experiment for the subset of the extended G2 set of molecules that have nonzero dipole moment. Fitting the Kohn-Sham [Phys. Rev. 140, A1133 (1965)] potential itself makes a mean absolute error of less than 0.1 Debye. Variation of alpha (Slater's [Phys. Rev. 81, 385 (1951)] exchange parameter) values has far less effect on dipole moments than on energies. It is argued that in variable alpha methods one should choose the smaller of the two rather than the geometric mean of the two alpha values for the heteroatomic part of the linear-combination-atomic-orbital density. Calculations on the dipole moment of NH2(CH)24NO2 are consistent with earlier calculations and show that varying the differences between alpha values for atoms with different atomic numbers has only short-ranged electrostatic effects.
description: JCP (in press)
The Galactic Isotropic $γ$-ray Background and Implications for Dark Matter
Creators: name: Campbell, Sheldon S.
name: Kwa, Anna
name: Kaplinghat, Manoj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the radial angular profile of the galacto-isotropic (GI) $γ$-ray flux--the statistically uniform flux in circular annuli about the Galactic center. Two different approaches are used to measure the GI flux profile in 85 months of Fermi-LAT data: the BDS statistic method which identifies spatial correlations, and a new Poisson ordered-pixel method which identifies non-Poisson contributions. Both methods produce similar GI flux profiles. The GI flux profile is well-described by an existing model of bremsstrahlung, $π^0$ production, inverse Compton scattering, and the isotropic background. Discrepancies with data in our full-sky model are not present in the GI component, and are therefore due to mis-modeling of the non-GI emission. Dark matter annihilation constraints based solely on the observed GI profile are close to the thermal WIMP cross section below 100 GeV, for fixed models of the dark matter density profile and astrophysical $γ$-ray foregrounds. Refined measurements of the GI profile are expected to improve these constraints by a factor of a few.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures, references added
Comparing and combining the Saskatoon, QMAP and COBE CMB maps
Creators: name: Xu, Yongzhong
name: Tegmark, Max
name: de Oliveira-Costa, Angelica
name: Devlin, Mark J.
name: Herbig, Thomas
name: Miller, Amber D.
name: Netterfield, C. Barth
name: Page, Lyman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method for comparing and combining maps with different resolutions and beam shapes, and apply it to the Saskatoon, QMAP and COBE/DMR data sets. Although the Saskatoon and QMAP maps detect signal at the 21 sigma and 40 sigma levels, respectively, their difference is consistent with pure noise, placing strong limits on possible systematic errors. In particular, we obtain quantitative upper limits on relative calibration and pointing errors. Splitting the combined data by frequency shows similar consistency between the Ka- and Q-bands, placing limits on foreground contamination. The visual agreement between the maps is equally striking. Our combined QMAP+Saskatoon map, nicknamed QMASK, is publicly available at www.hep.upenn.edu/~xuyz/qmask.html together with its 6495x6495 noise covariance matrix. This thoroughly tested data set covers a large enough area (648 square degrees -- currently the largest degree-scale map available) to allow a statistical comparison with COBE/DMR, showing good agreement.
description: Replaced to match accepted PRD version. 12 pages, 11 figs. Map and covariance matrix at http://www.hep.upenn.edu/~xuyz/qmask.html or from xuyz@hep.upenn.edu
S1. Seabird species selection process; Figure S2. FMR values and jackknife estimates; Table S3. Model outputs. from A model to estimate seabird field metabolic rates
Creators: name: Dunn, Ruth E.
name: White, Craig R.
name: Green, Jonathan A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Information on the selection of process of which species to include within the analyses; Plot of linear relationship between model jackknife estimates and values extracted from the literature.; DIC values, variance components and phylogenetic heritability of models comparing the drivers of seabird FMR.
Quantization of U_q[so(2n+1)] with deformed para-Fermi operators
Creators: name: Palev, T. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation that n pairs of para-Fermi (pF) operators generate the universal enveloping algebra of the orthogonal Lie algebra so(2n+1) is used in order to define deformed pF operators. It is shown that these operators are an alternative to the Chevalley generators. On this background Uq[so(2n+1)] and its "Cartan-Weyl" generators are written down entirely in terms of deformed pB operators.
description: plain TeX, Preprint INRNE-TH-93/7, 6 p
Africaterphis Schlinger 1968
Creators: name: Midgley, John M.
name: Theron, Genevieve L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Acroceridae
Africaterphis

description: Africaterphis Schlinger, 1968
Figs 2–6, 7–11, 12–16
Africaterphis Schlinger, 1968: 61. — Barraclough (1984: 54); Gillung and Winterton (2011: 25). Type species: Terphis acroceroides Sabrosky, 1950: 50 (by original designation).
Terphis sensu Sabrosky 1950: 48. Schlinger (1960: 496).
Diagnosis.
Africaterphis can most easily be distinguished from other Philopotinae by their bare eyes; highly reduced wing venation; globose abdomen; and postpronotal lobes being proximate but not abutted medially, body coloration drab (not metallic); eyes contiguous above and below antennal base; antennae placed on lower part of head, adjacent to mouthparts; flagellum stylate; legs not elongated; abdominal tergites smooth, rounded in lateral view.
Comments.
Africaterphis contains three valid species. While A. gertschi appears to be limited to the winter rainfall region of South Africa, A. acroceroides and A. stefanfoordi sp. nov. occur in the summer rainfall areas and are not as well separated geographically (Fig. 1).
Species included.
Africaterphis acroceroides (Sabrosky 1950), Africaterphis gertschi (Schlinger 1960), Africaterphis stefanfoordi sp. nov.
description: Published as part of Midgley, John M. & Theron, Genevieve L., 2025, Revision of the Afrotropical spider fly genus Africaterphis Schlinger, 1968 (Diptera, Acroceridae) with the description of a new species, pp. 193-206 in African Invertebrates 66 (1) on pages 193-206, DOI: 10.3897/afrinvertebr.66.138761
Scale invariant transfer matrices and Hamiltionians
Creators: name: Jones, Vaughan F. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given a direct system of Hilbert spaces $s\mapsto \mathcal H_s$ (with isometric inclusion maps $ι_s^t:\mathcal H_s\rightarrow \mathcal H_t$ for $s\leq t$) corresponding to quantum systems on scales $s$, we define notions of scale invariant and weakly scale invariant operators. Is some cases of quantum spin chains we find conditions for transfer matrices and nearest neighbour Hamiltonians to be scale invariant or weakly so. Scale invariance forces spatial inhomogeneity of the spectral parameter. But weakly scale invariant transfer matrices may be spatially homogeneous in which case the change of spectral parameter from one scale to another is governed by a classical dynamical system exhibiting fractal behaviour.
Physical properties of an Aperiodic monotile: Graphene-like features, chirality and zero-modes
Creators: name: Schirmann, Justin
name: Franca, Selma
name: Flicker, Felix
name: Grushin, Adolfo G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of the Hat, an aperiodic monotile, has revealed novel mathematical aspects of aperiodic tilings. However, the physics of particles propagating in such a setting remains unexplored. In this work we study spectral and transport properties of a tight-binding model defined on the Hat. We find that (i) the spectral function displays striking similarities to that of graphene, including six-fold symmetry and Dirac-like features; (ii) unlike graphene, the monotile spectral function is chiral, differing for its two enantiomers; (iii) the spectrum has a macroscopic number of degenerate states at zero energy; (iv) when the magnetic flux per plaquette ($ϕ$) is half of the flux quantum, zero-modes are found localized around the reflected `anti-hats'; and (v) its Hofstadter spectrum is periodic in $ϕ$, unlike for other quasicrystals. Our work serves as a basis to study wave and electron propagation in possible experimental realizations of the Hat, which we suggest.
description: 8 + 4 pages; 3 + 5 figures
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Seine (XIIIe siècle), Cart. 165 (10 H 6, ms. 139), 354 pages, f. 0048
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2009
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire

description: Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Seine (XIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 165 (10 H 6, ms. 139), 354 pages, f. 0048, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Seine (XIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 165 (10 H 6, ms. 139), 354 pages, f. 0048, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Saint-Seine
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2820709
A Multi-wavelength Study of the Turbulent Central Engine of the Low-mass AGN hosted by NGC404
Creators: name: Nyland, Kristina
name: Davis, Timothy A.
name: Nguyen, Dieu D.
name: Seth, Anil
name: Wrobel, Joan M.
name: Kamble, Atish
name: Lacy, Mark
name: Alatalo, Katherine
name: Karovska, Margarita
name: Maksym, W. Peter
name: Mukherjee, Dipanjan
name: Young, Lisa M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nearby dwarf galaxy NGC404 harbors a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (AGN) powered by the lowest-mass (< 150,000 solar-masses) central massive black hole (MBH) with a dynamical mass constraint currently known, thus providing a rare low-redshift analog to the MBH "seeds" that formed in the early Universe. Here, we present new imaging of the nucleus of NGC404 at 12-18 GHz with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) and observations of the CO(2-1) line with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA). For the first time, we have successfully resolved the nuclear radio emission, revealing a centrally peaked, extended source spanning 17 pc. Combined with previous VLA observations, our new data place a tight constraint on the radio spectral index and indicate an optically-thin synchrotron origin for the emission. The peak of the resolved radio source coincides with the dynamical center of NGC404, the center of a rotating disk of molecular gas, and the position of a compact, hard X-ray source. We also present evidence for shocks in the NGC404 nucleus from archival narrowband HST imaging, Chandra X-ray data, and Spitzer mid-infrared spectroscopy, and discuss possible origins for the shock excitation. Given the morphology, location, and steep spectral index of the resolved radio source, as well as constraints on nuclear star formation from the ALMA CO(2-1) data, we find the most likely scenario for the origin of the radio source in the center of NGC404 to be a radio outflow associated with a confined jet driven by the active nucleus.
description: Accepted to ApJ - 19 pages, 9 figures
First-principles thermoelasticity of bcc iron under pressure
Creators: name: Sha, Xianwei
name: Cohen, R. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the elastic and isotropic aggregate properties of ferromagnetic bcc iron as a function of temperature and pressure by computing the Helmholtz free energies for the volume-conserving strained structures using the first-principles linear response linear-muffin-tin-orbital method and the generalized-gradient approximation. We include the electronic excitation contributions to the free energy from the band structures, and phonon contributions from quasi-harmonic lattice dynamics. We make detailed comparisons between our calculated elastic moduli and their temperature and pressure dependences with available experimental and theoretical data.
description: 5 figures, 2 tables
Additional file 1 of Pineal gland transcriptomic profiling reveals the differential regulation of lncRNA and mRNA related to prolificacy in STH sheep with two FecB genotypes
Creators: name: Li, Chunyan
name: He, Xiaoyun
name: Zhang, Zijun
name: Ren, Chunhuan
name: Chu, Mingxing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Distribution of DE lncRNAs on chromosomes in MM_FP vs MM_LP.
Stability via symmetry breaking in interacting driven systems
Creators: name: Pocklington, Andrew
name: Clerk, Aashish A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photonic and bosonic systems subject to incoherent, wide-bandwidth driving cannot typically reach stable finite-density phases using only non-dissipative Hamiltonian nonlinearities; one instead needs nonlinear losses, or a finite pump bandwidth. We describe here a very general mechanism for circumventing this common limit, whereby Hamiltonian interactions can cut-off heating from a Markovian pump, by effectively breaking a symmetry of the unstable, linearized dynamics. We analyze two concrete examples of this mechanism. The first is a new kind of $\mathcal{PT}$ laser, where Hermitian Hamiltonian interactions can move the dynamics between the $\mathcal{PT}$ broken and unbroken phases and thus induce stability. The second uses onsite Kerr or Hubbard type interactions to break the chiral symmetry in a topological photonic lattice, inducing exotic phenomena from topological lasing to the stabilization of Fock states in a topologically protected edge mode.
description: 7 + 10 pages, 3 + 6 figures
Supplements to the text of the manuscript from Acid secretion by the boring organ of the burrowing giant clam, Tridacna crocea
Creators: name: Hill, Richard W.
name: Armstrong, Eric J.
name: Inaba, Kazuo
name: Morita, Masaya
name: Tresguerres, Martin
name: Stillman, Jonathon H.
name: Jinae N. Roa
name: Kwan, Garfield T.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplements to the Introduction, Material & methods, Results, and Discussion
Ultra-high-Q free space coupling to microtoroid resonators
Creators: name: Suebka, Sartanee
name: McLeod, Euan
name: Su, Judith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Whispering gallery mode (WGM) microtoroid resonators are one of the most sensitive biochemical sensors in existence, capable of detecting single molecules. The main barrier for translating these devices out of the laboratory is that light is evanescently coupled into these devices though a tapered optical fiber. This hinders translation of these devices as the taper is fragile, suffers from mechanical vibration, and requires precise positioning. Here, we eliminate the need for an optical fiber by coupling light into and out from a toroid via free-space coupling and monitoring the scattered resonant light. A single long working distance objective lens combined with a digital micromirror device (DMD) was used for light injection, scattered light collection, and imaging. We obtain Q-factors as high as $1.6 \times 10^8$ with this approach. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like and Fano resonances were observed in a single cavity due to indirect coupling in free space. This enables improved sensing sensitivity. The large effective coupling area (~10 $μ$m in diameter for numerical aperture = 0.14) removes the need for precise positioning. Sensing performance was verified by combining the system with the frequency locked whispering evanescent resonator (FLOWER) approach to perform temperature sensing experiments. We believe that this work will be a foundation for expanding the implementation of WGM microtoroid resonators to real-world applications.
Triplet-odd pairing in finite nuclear systems: Even-even singly closed nuclei
Creators: name: Hinohara, Nobuo
name: Oishi, Tomohiro
name: Yoshida, Kenichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Background: The appearance of the pairing condensate is an essential feature of many-fermion systems. There are two possible types of pairing: spin-singlet and spin-triplet. However, an open question remains as to whether the spin-triplet pairing condensate emerges in finite nuclei. Purpose: The aim of this work is to examine the coexistence of the spin-singlet and spin-triplet like-particle pairing condensates in nuclei. We also discuss the dependence on the type of pairing functional. Method: The Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations with a Skyrme $+$ local-pair energy-density functional (EDF) are performed to investigate the pairing condensate in the spherical ground states of Ca and Sn isotopes. Results: The spin-singlet pair EDF induces not only the spin-singlet but also the spin-triplet pairing condensates due to a strong spin-orbit splitting. By discarding the spin-orbit EDF, only the spin-singlet pairing condensate appears. The spin-triplet pair EDF, however, induces the spin-orbit splitting and accordingly the spin-singlet pairing condensate. Conclusions: The spin-orbit splitting plays an essential role in the coexistence of the spin-singlet and spin-triplet pairing condensates in nuclei.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
The Best Features of Diamond Nanothread for Nanofiber Application
Creators: name: Zhan, Haifei
name: Zhang, Gang
name: Tan, Vincent B. C.
name: Gu, Yuantong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Carbon fibers, especially those constructed from carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have attracted intensive interests from both scientific and engineering communities due to their outstanding physical properties. In this workHere we report, we find that the recently synthesized recently synthesized ultrathin diamond nanothread (DNT) not only possesses excellent torsional deformation capability, but also has excellent interfacial load transfer efficiency. Comparing with the (10,10) carbon nanotube bundles, (1) By considering a seven strand fiber, the flattening of nanotubes as observed in (10,10) CNT bundles is not observed in DNTdiamond nanothread bundle, which . This endows the DNT bundle withleads to a high torsional elastic limit that is almost three times higherfour times as obtained from the (10,10) CNT bundle. Pull-out tests reveal that (2) Pull-out tests reveal that tthe DNT diamond nanothread bundle has has an interface transfer load of more than twice that of the CNT carbon naontube bundle, corresponding to an order of magnitude higher in terms of . (3) Tthe interfacial shear strength of the DNT bundle is an order of magnitude higher than that of the CNT bundle. Such high interface load transfer efficiency is attributed to the zigzag morphology of DNT, which introduces a strong mechanical interlocking effect at the interface through the stick-slip motion (totally different from the load transfer mechanism in CNT bundle). The aforementioned three aspects are commonly used to gauge the performance of fibers. Obviously,These intriguing features enable DNT diamond nanothread as exhibits excellent potential candidate for constructing next generation carbon fibers.
description: 6 figures, published, Nature Communications, 2017
Hot Gauge Theories and $Z_{N}$ Phases
Creators: name: Kogan, Ian I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper the several aspects of the $Z_{N}$ symmetry in gauge theories at high temperatures are discussed. The metastable $Z_{N}$ bubbles in the $SU(N)$ gauge theories with fermions may have, generically, unacceptable thermodynamic behavior. Their free energy $F \propto T^4$ with a positive proportionality constant. This leads not only to negative pressure but also to negative specific heat and, more seriously, to negative entropy. We argue that although such domains are important in the Euclidean theory, they cannot be interpreted as physical domains in Minkowski space. The related problem is connected with the analysis of the high-temperature limit of the confining phase. Using the two-dimensional QCD with adjoint fermions as a toy model we shall demonstrate that in the light fermion limit in this theory there is no breaking of the $Z_{N}$ symmetry in the high-temperature limit and thus there are no $Z_{N}$ bubbles.
description: preprint PUPT-1415, 21 p
Ophthalmology Optical Coherence Tomography Databases for Artificial Intelligence Algorithm: A Review
Creators: name: Restrepo, David
name: Quion, Justin Michael
name: Do Carmo Novaes, Frederico
name: Costa, Iago Diogenes Azevedo
name: Vasquez, Constanza
name: Bautista, Alyssa Nicole
name: Quiminiano, Ellaine
name: Lim, Patricia Abigail
name: Mwavu, Roger
name: Celi, Leo Anthony
name: Nakayama, Luis Filipe
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Imaging plays a pivotal role in eye assessment. With the introduction of advanced machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), the focus has shifted to imaging datasets in ophthalmology. While disparities and health inequalities hidden within data are well-documented, the ophthalmology field faces specific challenges to the creation and maintenance of datasets. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of retinal pathologies, making it valuable for AI applications. This review aims to identify and compare the landscape of publicly available optical coherence tomography databases for AI applications. We conducted a literature review on OCT and AI articles with publicly accessible datasets, using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The review retrieved 183 articles, and after full-text analysis, 50 articles were included. From the included articles were identified 8 publicly available OCT datasets, focusing on patient demographics and clinical details for thorough assessment and comparison. The resulting datasets encompass 154,313 images collected from Spectralis, Cirrus HD, Topcon 3D, and Bioptigen devices. These datasets included normal exams, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic maculopathy, among others. Comprehensive demographic information is available in one dataset and the USA is the most represented population. Current publicly available OCT databases for AI applications exhibit limitations, stemming from their non-representative nature and the lack of comprehensive demographic information. Limited datasets hamper research and equitable AI development. To promote equitable AI algorithmic development in ophthalmology, there is a need for the creation and dissemination of more representative datasets.
CaloScore v2: Single-shot Calorimeter Shower Simulation with Diffusion Models
Creators: name: Mikuni, Vinicius
name: Nachman, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diffusion generative models are promising alternatives for fast surrogate models, producing high-fidelity physics simulations. However, the generation time often requires an expensive denoising process with hundreds of function evaluations, restricting the current applicability of these models in a realistic setting. In this work, we report updates on the CaloScore architecture, detailing the changes in the diffusion process, which produces higher quality samples, and the use of progressive distillation, resulting in a diffusion model capable of generating new samples with a single function evaluation. We demonstrate these improvements using the Calorimeter Simulation Challenge 2022 dataset.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Gas perturbations in cool cores of galaxy clusters: effective equation of state, velocity power spectra and turbulent heating
Creators: name: Zhuravleva, I.
name: Allen, S. W.
name: Mantz, A. B.
name: Werner, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the statistical analysis of X-ray surface brightness and gas density fluctuations in cool cores of ten, nearby and bright galaxy clusters that have deep Chandra observations and show observational indications of radio-mechanical AGN feedback. Within the central parts of cool cores the total variance of fluctuations is dominated by isobaric and/or isothermal fluctuations on spatial scales ~ 10-60 kpc, which are likely associated with slow gas motions and bubbles of relativistic plasma. Adiabatic fluctuations associated with weak shocks constitute less than 10 per cent of the total variance in all clusters. The typical amplitude of density fluctuations is small, ~ 10 per cent or less on scales of ~ 10-15 kpc. Subdominant contribution of adiabatic fluctuations and small amplitude of density fluctuations support a model of gentle AGN feedback as opposed to periodically explosive scenarios which are implemented in some numerical simulations. Measured one-component velocities of gas motions are typically below 100-150 km/s on scales < 50 kpc, and can be up to ~ 300 km/s on ~ 100 kpc scales. The non-thermal energy is < 12 per cent of the thermal energy. Regardless of the source that drives these motions the dissipation of the energy in such motions provides heat that is sufficient to balance radiative cooling on average, albeit the uncertainties are large. Presented results here support previous conclusions based on the analysis of the Virgo and Perseus Clusters, and agree with the Hitomi measurements. With next generation observatories like Athena and Lynx, these techniques will be yet more powerful.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Demonstration of an erbium doped microdisk laser on a silicon chip
Creators: name: Kippenberg, T. J.
name: Kalkman, J.
name: Polman, A.
name: Vahala, K. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An erbium doped micro-laser is demonstrated utilizing $\mathrm{SiO_{2}}$ microdisk resonators on a silicon chip. Passive microdisk resonators exhibit whispering gallery type (WGM) modes with intrinsic optical quality factors of up to $6\times{10^{7}}$ and were doped with trivalent erbium ions (peak concentration $\mathrm{\sim3.8\times{10^{20}cm^{-3})}}$ using MeV ion implantation. Coupling to the fundamental WGM of the microdisk resonator was achieved by using a tapered optical fiber. Upon pumping of the $^{4}% I_{15/2}\longrightarrow$ $^{4}I_{13/2}$ erbium transition at 1450 nm, a gradual transition from spontaneous to stimulated emission was observed in the 1550 nm band. Analysis of the pump-output power relation yielded a pump threshold of 43 $\mathrmμ$W and allowed measuring the spontaneous emission coupling factor: $β\approx1\times10^{-3}$.
Intensity of previous teaching but not diagnostic skills influences stigmatization of patients with substance use disorder by general practice residents. A vignette study among French final-year residents in general practice
Creators: name: Dupouy, Julie
name: Vergnes, Aurore
name: Laporte, Catherine
name: Shérazade Kinouani
name: Auriacombe, Marc
name: Oustric, Stéphane
name: Marie-Eve Rougé Bugat
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: High levels of stigma towards patients with substance use disorder (SUD) have been found in health professionals and medical students. Objectives: To assess the capability of residents in general practice to diagnose SUD correctly; to assess their stigmatization of patients with SUD and to assess the correlation between both variables. We hypothesized a negative correlation. Methods: In 2014, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among French residents in general practice, using a self-administered questionnaire. First, a clinical case of SUD (tramadol) was presented, to assess the diagnosis and retained diagnostic criteria. A second clinical vignette was presented (intravenous heroin user) to assess stigmatization with the Attitudes to Mental Illness Questionnaire (AMIQ). Its score ranges from –10 (negative attitude) to +10 (positive attitude). AMIQ scores of residents who diagnosed SUD correctly versus incorrectly, and who had received at least six hours versus less than six hours of teaching on this topic, were compared using Student’s t-test. Results: Of 1284 solicited residents, 303 participated (23.6%), 249 residents diagnosed SUD correctly (82.2%). The mean AMIQ score was –3.91 (SD 2.4) without significant difference regarding the correct diagnosis of SUD; but with a significant difference between residents who had received training in SUD for at least six hours versus residents less trained (AMIQ scores –3.76 (SD 2.46) versus −4.50 (SD 2.27), p = .0354). Conclusion: Residents in general practice had a good capacity to diagnose SUD correctly but on average expressed negative attitudes toward people with SUD. More SUD teaching seems to help in reducing stigmatizing attitudes.
Diffusion of conserved charges in relativistic heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Greif, Moritz
name: Fotakis, Jan A.
name: Denicol, Gabriel S.
name: Greiner, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to characterize nuclear matter under extreme conditions, we calculate all diffusion transport coefficients related to baryon, electric and strangeness charge for both a hadron resonance gas and a simplified kinetic model of the quark-gluon plasma. We demonstrate that the diffusion currents do not depend only on gradients of their corresponding charge density. Instead, we show that there exists coupling between the different charge currents, in such a way that it is possible for density gradients of a given charge to generate dissipative currents of another charge. Within this scheme, the charge diffusion coefficient is best viewed as a matrix, in which the diagonal terms correspond to the usual charge diffusion coefficients, while the off-diagonal terms describe the coupling between the different currents. In this letter, we calculate for the first time the complete diffusion matrix including the three charges listed above. We find that the baryon diffusion current is strongly affected by baryon charge gradients, but also by its coupling to gradients in strangeness. The electric charge diffusion current is found to be strongly affected by electric and strangeness gradients, whereas strangeness currents depend mostly on strange and baryon gradients.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
CORAL: Expert-Curated medical Oncology Reports to Advance Language Model Inference
Creators: name: Sushil, Madhumita
name: Kennedy, Vanessa E.
name: Mandair, Divneet
name: Miao, Brenda Y.
name: Zack, Travis
name: Butte, Atul J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Both medical care and observational studies in oncology require a thorough understanding of a patient's disease progression and treatment history, often elaborately documented in clinical notes. Despite their vital role, no current oncology information representation and annotation schema fully encapsulates the diversity of information recorded within these notes. Although large language models (LLMs) have recently exhibited impressive performance on various medical natural language processing tasks, due to the current lack of comprehensively annotated oncology datasets, an extensive evaluation of LLMs in extracting and reasoning with the complex rhetoric in oncology notes remains understudied. We developed a detailed schema for annotating textual oncology information, encompassing patient characteristics, tumor characteristics, tests, treatments, and temporality. Using a corpus of 40 de-identified breast and pancreatic cancer progress notes at University of California, San Francisco, we applied this schema to assess the zero-shot abilities of three recent LLMs (GPT-4, GPT-3.5-turbo, and FLAN-UL2) to extract detailed oncological history from two narrative sections of clinical progress notes. Our team annotated 9028 entities, 9986 modifiers, and 5312 relationships. The GPT-4 model exhibited overall best performance, with an average BLEU score of 0.73, an average ROUGE score of 0.72, an exact-match F1-score of 0.51, and an average accuracy of 68% on complex tasks (expert manual evaluation on subset). Notably, it was proficient in tumor characteristic and medication extraction, and demonstrated superior performance in relational inference like adverse event detection. However, further improvements are needed before using it to reliably extract important facts from cancer progress notes needed for clinical research, complex population management, and documenting quality patient care.
description: Source code available at: https://github.com/MadhumitaSushil/OncLLMExtraction
Emergent inductance from spin fluctuations in strongly correlated magnets
Creators: name: Oh, Taekoo
name: Nagaosa, Naoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the intriguing phenomenon of emergent inductance has been theoretically proposed and experimentally observed in nanoscale spiral spin systems subjected to oscillating currents. Building upon these recent developments, we put forward the concept of emergent inductance in strongly correlated magnets in the normal state with spin fluctuations. It is argued that the inductance shows a positive peak at temperatures above the ordering temperature. As for the frequency dependence, in systems featuring a single-band structure or a gapped multi-band, we observe a Drude-type, while in gapless multi-band systems, a non-Drude inductance with a sharp dip near zero frequency. These results offer valuable insights into the behavior of strongly correlated magnets and open up new possibilities for harnessing emergent inductance in practical applications.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures
Socioeconomic effects of an earthquake: does spatial heterogeneity matter?
Creators: name: Pagliacci, Francesco
name: Russo, Margherita
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Estimation of the macroeconomic effects of an earthquake critically depends on the identification of the affected area's boundaries, socioeconomic local heterogeneity and proper counterfactual analysis. By taking the 2012 Emilia-Romagna earthquake (Italy) as a case study, this paper answers these questions in a sub-regional framework. Cluster analysis tackles the heterogeneity issue, returning different types of affected municipalities. A difference-in-differences analysis then suggests that, since 2012, some clusters (and some municipalities within them) have performed better than others. This contrasts with the results observed by comparing the whole affected area with the non-affected one, with implications for both policy interventions and the recovery processes.
Investigation of Phonon Lifetimes and Magnon-Phonon Coupling in YIG/GGG Hybrid Magnonic Systems in the Diffraction Limited Regime
Creators: name: Settipalli, Manoj
name: Zhang, Xufeng
name: Neogi, Sanghamitra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum memories facilitate the storage and retrieval of quantum information for on-chip and long-distance quantum communications. Thus, they play a critical role in quantum information processing and have diverse applications ranging from aerospace to medical imaging fields. Bulk acoustic wave (BAW) phonons are one of the most attractive candidates for quantum memories because of their long lifetime and high operating frequency. In this work, we establish a modeling approach that can be broadly used to design hybrid magnonic high-overtone bulk acoustic wave resonator (HBAR) structures for high-density, long-lasting quantum memories and efficient quantum transduction devices. We illustrate the approach by investigating a hybrid magnonic system, where BAW phonons are excited in a gadolinium iron garnet (GGG) thick film via coupling with magnons in a patterned yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thin film. We present theoretical and numerical analyses of the diffraction-limited BAW phonon lifetimes, modeshapes, and their coupling strengths to magnons in planar and confocal YIG/GGG HBAR structures. We utilize Fourier beam propagation and Hankel transform eigenvalue problem methods and discuss the effectiveness of the two methods to predict the HBAR phonons. We discuss strategies to improve the phonon lifetimes, since increased lifetimes have direct implications on the storage times of quantum states for quantum memory applications. We find that ultra-high, diffraction-limited, cooperativities and phonon lifetimes on the order of ~10^5 and ~10 milliseconds, respectively, could be achieved using a CHBAR structure with 10mum lateral YIG dimension. Additionally, the confocal HBAR structure will offer more than 100-fold improvement of integration density. A high integration density of on-chip memory or transduction centers is naturally desired for high-density memory or transduction devices.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures
A High Resolution Method for Measuring Cosmic Ray Composition beyond 10 TeV
Creators: name: Kieda, D. B.
name: Swordy, S. P.
name: Wakely, S. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accurate determination of the elemental composition of cosmic rays at high energies is expected to provide crucial clues on the origin of these particles. Previous direct measurements of composition have been limited by experiment collecting power, resulting in marginal statistics above $10^{14}$ eV, precisely the region where the ``knee'' of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum is starting to develop. In contrast, indirect measurements using extensive air showers can produce sufficient statistics in this region but generate elemental measurements which have relatively large uncertainties. Here we discuss a technique which has become possible through the use of modern ground-based Cerenkov imaging detectors. We combine a measurement of the Cerenkov light produced by the incoming cosmic-ray nucleus in the upper atmosphere with an estimate of the total nucleus energy produced by the extensive air shower initiated when the particle interacts deeper in the atmosphere. The emission regions prior to and after the first hadronic interaction can be separated by an imaging Cerenkov system with sufficient angular and temporal resolution. Monte Carlo simulations indicate an expected charge resolution of $ΔZ/Z <5%$ for incident iron nuclei in the region of the ``knee'' of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum. This technique also has the intriguing possibility to unambiguously discover nuclei heavier than iron at energies above 10$^{14}$ eV. The identification and rejection of background produced by charged particles in ground based gamma-ray telescopes is also discussed.
description: 26 pages 11 figures. Final version, Accepted in Astroparticle Physics 11/21/00. Fixed a few typos and a bad caption, added a short paragraph at end
LDL receptor-related protein 5 rs648438 polymorphism is associated with the risk of skeletal fluorosis
Creators: name: Zhang, Meichen
name: Xu, Haili
name: Lou, Qun
name: Yin, Fanshuo
name: Guo, Ning
name: Wu, Liaowei
name: Huang, Wei
name: Ji, Yi
name: Yang, Liu
name: Li, Qiao
name: Wang, Sa
name: Guan, Zhizhong
name: Yang, Yanmei
name: Gao, Yanhui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: To investigate the potential association between LRP5 rs648438 polymorphism and the risk of skeletal fluorosis (SF) was evaluated in a cross-sectional case–control study conducted in Shanxi, China, in 2019. A total of 973 individuals were enrolled in this study, in which cases and controls were 346 and 627, respectively. SF was diagnosed according to the standard WS/192–2008 (China). The LRP5 rs648438 was detected by the multiple PCR and sequencing. LRP5 rs648438 was found to follow a dominant genetic model using a web-based SNP-STATS software. Logistic regression analysis found that the TC/CC genotype of LRP5 rs648438 might be a protective factor for SF. When stratified by gender, this protective effect of TC/CC genotype in rs648438 was pronounced in males. There was an interaction between gender and rs648438 on risk of SF. Our study suggested that TC/CC genotype of rs648438 might be a protective factor for water-drinking-type skeletal fluorosis, especially in male participants.