cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hot Carrier Solar Cells: Choice of Materials for Efficiency and Abundance
Creators: name: Conibeer, G.J.
name: Patterson, R.
name: Aliberti, P.
name: Xia, H.
name: Huang, S.
name: König, D.
name: Puthen-Veetil, B.
name: Shrestha, S.
name: Green, M.A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 28-32
description: An ideal Hot Carrier cell would absorb a wide range of photon energies and extract a large fraction of the
energy to give very high efficiencies, (up to 65% under 1 sun) by extracting ’hot’ carriers before they thermalise to the band
edges [. The requirements for the absorber material for such a cell are challenging, but not mutually exclusive. Identification
of the optimum materials for absorbers will increase the potential for implementation of real devices.
The key property for a hot carrier absorber is to slow the rate of carrier cooling from the picosecond timescale to at least
100s of ps. Slowed cooling has been observed in some III-V compounds in which there is a large difference in atomic mass.
The large gap between optical and acoustic modes in the phonon dispersion prevents the decay of optical phonons by the
emission of acoustic phonons with half the energy (the Klemens mechanism). The resultant non-equilibrium or ‘hot’ optical
phonons scatter their energy back to the carriers, thus slowing overall carrier cooling.
III-V bulk materials with a large anion:cation mass ratio have a large gap between acoustic and optical modes sufficient to
block this Klemens’ decay. In particular the In compounds have the largest gaps and have been shown experimentally to have
slower carrier cooling. As such they are good model materials to test the concepts, but the very low abundance of In requires a
search for alternatives. Analogues of InN are investigated with reference to the periodic table and for compounds with
similarly large mass ratios to InN. Some of the group IIIA and IVA nitrides and the compounds of group IV elements look
most attractive in terms of mass ratio, abundance of elements and low electronic band gaps. Nanostructures also may be
applicable in tuning the properties of some of these potential hot carrier absorber materials.
On the Optimization of the PV Azimuthal Tracking Steps
Creators: name: Visa, I.
name: Diaconescu, D.
name: Popa, V.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Engineering and System Integration

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 3165-3169
description: PV Tracking systems based on predefined Sun paths can ensure a significant increase in the PV module conversion efficiency. The main parameters, that influence the design of the control tracking program and are subject to optimization, are the number of the tracking steps, the angular displacement and the driving time corresponding to each step. Using Matlab software, a calculus program is developed for providing the parameters that allow the optimal correlation daytime (active) number of tracking steps - direct received solar radiation. The numerical simulations enable the development of the optimal tracking cycles for the PV modules.
UV Photosensing Characteristics of Nanowire-Based GaN/AlN Superlattices
Creators: name: Lähnemann, Jonas
name: Hertog, Martien Den
name: Hille, Pascal
name: de la Mata, María
name: Fournier, Thierry
name: Schörmann, Jörg
name: Arbiol, Jordi
name: Eickhoff, Martin
name: Monroy, Eva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have characterized the photodetection capabilities of single GaN nanowires incorporating 20 periods of AlN/GaN:Ge axial heterostructures enveloped in an AlN shell. Transmission electron microscopy confirms the absence of an additional GaN shell around the heterostructures. In the absence of a surface conduction channel, the incorporation of the heterostructure leads to a decrease of the dark current and an increase of the photosensitivity. A significant dispersion in the magnitude of dark currents for different single nanowires is attributed to the coalescence of nanowires with displaced nanodisks, reducing the effective length of the heterostructure. A larger number of active nanodisks and AlN barriers in the current path results in lower dark current and higher photosensitivity, and improves the sensitivity of the nanowire to variations in the illumination intensity (improved linearity). Additionally, we observe a persistence of the photocurrent, which is attributed to a change of the resistance of the overall structure, particularly the GaN stem and cap sections. In consequence, the time response is rather independent of the dark current.
description: This document is the unedited Author's version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in Nano Letters (2016), copyright (C) American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work see http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00806
Photoluminescence Imaging for Fast Determination of the Implied Open Circuit Voltage of Silicon Wafers
Creators: name: Hallam, B.
name: Trupke, T.
name: Augarten, Y.
name: Tjahjono, B.
name: Wenham, S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2015-2018
description: This work investigates the use of photoluminescence imaging to obtain the implied 1-sun open circuit
voltage (iVOC) of silicon wafers as commonly measured by the quasi-steady-state photoconductance (QSS-PC)
technique. We investigate FZ and CZ grown silicon wafers with planar, textured and boron diffused surfaces,
passivated by PECVD SiON. iVOC derived from photoluminescence images agree to within 1 mV and 4 mV of that
measured using the QSS-PC technique on planar and textured surfaces over more than a 100 mV range. The
dependency of the accuracy of this determination on the spatial uniformity of the photoluminescent signal across a
given wafer is discussed. This technique is very tolerant to varying refractive indexes of PECVD SiON films in this
study which range from 1.8 to 2.7, suggesting a wide window for application of determining iVOC through
photoluminescence imaging, without the need for determining additional calibration constants. This implies that PL
imaging allows for a fast and accurate determination of the iVOC at various stages of solar cell production, suitable for
use both in the laboratory and particularly for incorporation in the production line, where thousands of samples with
largely identical surface properties are processed.
Properties of ZnO/CdS/SnS Heterojunctions for PV Applications
Creators: name: Ivanov, V.A.
name: Gremenok, V.F.
name: Bashkirov, S.A.
name: Bente, K.
name: Lazenka, V.V.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 33-36
description: Tin sulfide (SnS) is one of the most promising materials for commercial photovoltaic applications. The
presented results consider the preparation as well as the chemical, structural and physical characterization of the
ZnO/CdS/SnS thin films heterojunctions. The SnS thin films were prepared from the ingot materials by hot wall
deposition method on the Mo-coated glass substrates at Tsub = 250 – 360 °C and vacuum pressure of 5∙10-4 Pa. The Mo
back contact with a thickness of about 0.65 μm was deposited by a r.f. magnetron sputter process. The crystal structure
and elemental composition were examined by XRD and AES methods. The CdS buffer layer was deposited onto the SnS
films by chemical bath deposition. The ZnO window layer was deposited by a two step r.f. magnetron sputter process
resulting in a ZnO bilayer structure: the first consists of undoped i-ZnO and the second layer of Al-doped ZnO. The
calculated values of saturation current density J0 and the ideality factor n at room temperature were 2.3 10-4 A/cm2 and
3.1, respectively. The best thin film solar cells had an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 132 mV, a short circuit current density
(Jsc) of 3.6 mA/cm2, a fill-factor (FF) of 0.29 and efficiency up to 0.5%.
Seiberg-Witten theory as a Fermi gas
Creators: name: Bonelli, Giulio
name: Grassi, Alba
name: Tanzini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We explore a new connection between Seiberg-Witten theory and quantum statistical systems by relating the dual partition function of SU(2) Super Yang-Mills theory in a self-dual Omega-background to the spectral determinant of an ideal Fermi gas. We show that the spectrum of this gas is encoded in the zeroes of the Painleve III tau function. In addition we find that the Nekrasov partition function on this background can be expressed as an O(2) matrix model. Our construction arises as a four-dimensional limit of a recently proposed conjecture relating topological strings and spectral theory. In this limit, we provide a mathematical proof of the conjecture for the local P1xP1 geometry.
description: 25 pages. v3: misprints corrected,references added
Asymptotics of Bivariate Analytic Functions with Algebraic Singularities
Creators: name: Greenwood, Torin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A16 (primary), 05A15 (secondary)

description: In this paper, we use the multivariate analytic techniques of Pemantle and Wilson to derive asymptotic formulae for the coefficients of a broad class of multivariate generating functions with algebraic singularities. Flajolet and Odlyzko (1990) analyzed the coefficients of a class of univariate generating functions with algebraic singularities. These results have been extended to classes of multivariate generating functions by Gao and Richmond (1992) and Hwang (1996, 1998), in both cases by immediately reducing the multivariate case to the univariate case. Pemantle and Wilson (2013) outlined new multivariate analytic techniques and used them to analyze the coefficients of rational generating functions. These same multivariate techniques can be used to analyze functions with algebraic singularities.
description: 30 pages, 4 figures. To appear in JCTA. An extended abstract appeared in the conference proceedings for the 28th International Conference on Formal Power Series and Algebraic Combinatorics. The latest version reflects the manuscript for the JCTA publication. An outline of the proof of the main result precedes the proof. Technical proofs were streamlined, with distracting details omitted
Automatic Analysis of Defective Solar Cells in the Solar Module
Creators: name: Vanek, J.
name: Vesely, A.
name: Barinka, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1682-1685
description: This paper deals with the possibility of automated detection of defective solar cells within the whole
solar module taken by electroluminescence methods. There is variety of possibilities to make a useful analysis of the
quality of used material and technology processes during the manufacturing of solar cell and modules. One of the
best from these methods that are capable to show the distribution of defects in the structure we can consider the
electroluminescence which can detect defects in the fastest way. This method used in manufacturing process creates
large array of data displaying local behavior of solar cell and panel structure.
During the manufacturing of solar cell there is possible to make a lot of useful analysis of the quality of used material
and technology processes. Among methods that are displaying distribution of defect in the structure we can count the
photoluminescence, which is possible to use on uncontacted material, electroluminescence and LBIC (Light Beam
Induced Current) eventually LBIV (Light Beam Induced Voltage) which can be used on contact made solar cells. All
this methods are creating large array of data displaying local characteristic of solar cell structure. This data can be
displayed as images or can by analyze by mathematic matrix software like Mathlab. The advantage of matrix analyze
is possibility to automate the analyze process and speed up the whole process. For useful analyze there must be
decide what type of defect can by automatic detected (to make the defect database), mask contact grid of analyzed
data and by comparison image analyzing process found out if the solar cell contain a defect and than what type of
defect is it. The only usable method for analyzing of defects in whole solar module is electroluminescence because
the other method are not able to get information of all solar cells in whole module.
Effects of Calcium Oxide on the Silicate Structure During Slag Refining of Silicon: A Raman Spectroscopic Study
Creators: name: Kline, J.
name: Tangstad, M.
name: Tranell, G.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1510-1512
description: Determining silicate slag structure is critical to the understanding of the mechanisms associated with the
removal of boron from silicon. Silicate melts are described by the extent of oxygen bridging, therefore, understanding the
effect different oxides have on modifying the silicate structure will provide valuable information regarding the rate
limiting processes involved in boron mass transport. Samples ranging from 40-60% SiO2 were evaluated with differing
concentrations of CaO. Samples were quenched to a glassy state and modifications to the silicate network associated with
the additions calcium oxide was analyzed utilizing Raman spectroscopy.
Laser Marking of Silicon Solar Cells in Mass Production
Creators: name: Vom Bauer, U.
name: Müller, J.W.
name: Patzlaff, T.
name: Binder, D.
name: Geißler, S.
name: Spallek, M.
name: Kappe, P.
name: Brammer, B.
name: Felsch, D.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1710-1714
description: Solar Systems are capital intensive goods that will operate over a long period of time. In order to
positively impact lifetime quality requirements, intensified process- and quality control is desirable. Laser marking is
providing a meaningful contribution to these requirements. Applied to raw wafer at the beginning of the
manufacturing process, each solar cell becomes traceable along the entire value chain and over the whole lifetime –
since laser marking is a hard physical coding. As usual it takes transition work from patented innovation at laboratory
stage till mass production proof. At Q-Cells we have gained vast experience by marking great number of solar cells
under mass production conditions. The paper highlights some of the key factors to be considered for high yielding inline
laser marking of silicon solar cells, since interest of customers and suppliers is rising for this topic in the
industry.
title: The causal influence of hedonic visual brand cues on Generation Z's impulsive food buying
Creators: name: Feri, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Edinburgh Napier University
Year: 2020

description: Brands’ reward-triggering visual cues, conceptualised in this research as hedonic visual brand cues, may be regarded as conditioned stimuli that trigger consumers’ approach behaviour. Increasing research suggests that exposure to proximate rewards, such as rewarding visual cues, may activate impulsive buying. Nevertheless, additional research is needed to determine the nature of the causal entities at play when Generation Z is exposed to hedonic visual brand cues. As a result, this study aims to identify and explore the causal factors and mechanisms underlying the relationship between hedonic visual brand cues exposure and Generation Z’s impulsive food buying.
Focusing on the food domain, this project is the first comprehensive investigation of (a) the causal influence of hedonic visual brand cues on Generation Z’s impulsive food buying and (b) the causal factors and generative mechanisms underpinning this relationship. Consistent with the tenets of critical realism, the methodology adopts a triangulated multi-method qualitative approach: participant observation of purchase behaviour; semi-structured interviews aided by photo elicitation and projective techniques; and online conversations via social media. The methodology has been designed to progressively deepen the holistic understanding of the studied phenomenon.
The findings of this study suggest several theoretical and practical implications. Specifically, 28 causal factors and six causal mechanisms have been found capable of facilitating Generation Z’s impulsive buying when food shopping. The findings propose (a) a conceptual framework that incorporates the causal factors and mechanisms influencing Generation Z’s impulsive food buying and (b) practical implications to guide practitioners to maximise the effectiveness of brand strategies targeting Generation Z’s impulsive food buying. Therefore, the insights gained from this study may be of assistance to academics and practitioners interested in understanding the antecedents of Generation Z’s impulsive food buying.
Constructing Mutually Unbiased Bases from Quantum Latin Squares
Creators: name: Musto, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce orthogonal quantum Latin squares, which restrict to traditional orthogonal Latin squares, and investigate their application in quantum information science. We use quantum Latin squares to build maximally entangled bases, and show how a pair of mutually unbiased maximally entangled bases can be constructed in square dimension from orthogonal quantum Latin squares. We also compare our construction to an existing construction due to Beth and Wocjan and show that ours is strictly more general.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2016, arXiv:1701.00242
Myzomela nigrita subsp. louisiadensis Hartert 1898
Creators: name: , Mary
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Meliphagidae
Myzomela

description: Myzomela nigrita louisiadensis Hartert Myzomela nigrita louisiadensis Hartert, 1898a: 527 (Sudest Island). Now Myzomela nigrita louisiadensis Hartert, 1898. See Coates, 1990: 243, and Higgins et al., 2008: 639. LECTOTYPE: AMNH 693193, adult male, collected on Tacuta (5 Tagula 5 Sudest) Island, 11.30S, 153.30E (PNG, 1984), Louisiade Archipelago, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, on 8 April 1898, by Albert S. Meek (no. 1690). From the Rothschild Collection. COMMENTS: Hartert did not designate a type in the original description, only saying that Meek sent a series of specimens; later Rothschild and Hartert (1903a: 221) listed Meek’s specimen no. 1690 as the type, thereby designating it the lectotype. It bears Meek’s original label and a Rothschild type label. Paratypes in AMNH are: AMNH 693192, 693194–693197, males, collected in April 1898, Meek nos. 1677, 1609, 1713, 1665, and 1664, respectively.
description: Published as part of Mary, 2011, Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 9. Passeriformes: Zosteropidae And Meliphagidae, pp. 1-193 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2011 (348) on page 62
description: {"references": ["Hartert, E. 1898 a. On the birds collected on Sudest Island in the Louisiade Archipelago by Albert S. Meek. Novitates Zoologicae 5: 521 - 532.", "Coates, B. J. 1990. The birds of Papua New Guinea. Vol. 2. Passerines. Alderley, Queensland: Dove Publications, 576 pp.", "Higgins, P. J., L. Christidis, and H. A. Ford. 2008. Meliphagidae (honeyeaters). In J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, and D. Christie (editors), Handbook of birds of the world, vol. 13, Penduline-tits to shrikes: 498 - 691. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 879 pp., 60 pls., 536 photographs.", "Rothschild, W., and E. Hartert. 1903 a. Notes on Papuan birds. XXII. The genus Myzomela. Novitates Zoologicae 10: 217 - 224."]}
Nonstandard Deformed Oscillators from $q$- and $p,q$-Deformations of Heisenberg Algebra
Creators: name: Gavrilik, Alexandre M.
name: Kachurik, Ivan I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the two-parameter $p,q$-deformed Heisenberg algebra introduced recently and in which, instead of usual commutator of $X$ and $P$ in the l.h.s. of basic relation $[X,P] = {\rm i}\hbar$, one uses the $p,q$-commutator, we established interesting properties. Most important is the realizability of the $p,q$-deformed Heisenberg algebra by means of the appropriate deformed oscillator algebra. Another uncovered property is special extension of the usual mutual Hermitian conjugation of the creation and annihilation operators, namely the so-called $η(N)$-pseudo-Hermitian conjugation rule, along with the related $η(N)$-pseudo-Hermiticity property of the position or momentum operators. In this work, we present some new solutions of the realization problem yielding new (nonstandard) deformed oscillators, and show their inequivalence to the earlier known solution and the respective deformed oscillator algebra, in particular what concerns ground state energy.
Diffusive Limits of the Master Equation in Inhomogeneous Media
Creators: name: Sattin, F.
name: Bonato, A.
name: Salasnich, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diffusion is the macroscopic manifestation of disordered molecular motion. Mathematically, diffusion equations are partial differential equations describing the fluid-like large-scale dynamics of parcels of molecules. Spatially inhomogeneous systems affect in a position-dependent way the average motion of molecules; thus, diffusion equations have to reflect somehow this fact within their structure. It is known since long that in this case an ambiguity arises: there are several ways of writing down diffusion equations containing space dependence within their parameters. These ways are all potentially valid but not equivalent, meaning that the different diffusion equations yield different solutions for the same data. The ambiguity can only be resolved at the microscopic level: a model for the stochastic dynamics of the individual molecules must be provided, and a well-defined diffusion equation then arises as the long-wavelength limit of this dynamics. In this work we introduce and employ the integro-differential Master Equation (ME) as a tool for describing the microscopic dynamics. We show that is possible to provide a parameterized version of the ME, in terms of a single numerical parameter (alpha), such that the different expressions for the diffusive fluxes are recovered at different values of alpha. This work aims to fill a gap in the literature, where the ME was shown to deliver just one diffusive limit. In the second part of the paper some numerical computer models are introduced, both to support analytical considerations, and to extend the scope of the ME to more sophisticated scenarios, beyond the simplest alpha-parameterization.
The critical geometry of a thermal big bang
Creators: name: Afshordi, Niayesh
name: Magueijo, Joao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the space of scalar-tensor theories containing two non-conformalmetrics, and find a discontinuity pointing to a "critical" cosmological solution. Due to the different maximal speeds of propagation for matter and gravity,the cosmological fluctuations start off inside the horizon even without inflation, and will more naturally have a thermal origin (since there is never vacuum domination). The critical model makes an unambiguous, non-tuned prediction for the spectral index of the scalar fluctuations: $n_S= 0.96478(64)$. Considering also that no gravitational waves are produced, we have unveiled the most predictive model on offer. The model has a simple geometrical interpretation as a probe 3-brane embedded in an $EAdS_2\times E_3$ geometry.
title: The hidden links in trophic food webs: where do the parasites fit?
Creators: name: Dicker, Matthew
Publisher: name: Edinburgh Napier University
Year: 2020

description: Parasites have been excluded from most food web constructions, partly because of their assumed negligible contribution to the flow and stock of energy in ecosystems. These assumptions have been disputed. Parasites also present practical and conceptual problems in knowing how best to represent them in trophic networks that use simple graphical descriptions of species as producers, consumers, and prey without ontological changes. Parasites have been erroneously labelled as top predators and have resulted in ecologically unrealistic inflations of trophic levels. A range of methods were assessed here in order to explore how parasites might suitably be included in a food web describing the Tellina fabula-community characteristic of Fine Sands (FSd) in the German Bight, North Sea. Parasites were identified through dissection of prominent teleost hosts from the web and an extensive literature search and included as discrete species-specific nodes and as disaggregated, ontogenetic nodes. Parasites in the FSd were relatively less complex than those in other food webs. This is likely a result of the networks small size, relating to network scale variance, and highly connected free-living species. A novel method for calculating flow-based trophic levels in the absence of information on interaction strengths was successful in mitigating unrealistic trophic level inflations and a speculative food web, including parasites in combined nodes with their hosts suggests a useful future method for accurately representing parasites place in and their effects on food webs, without being labelled as top predators or inflating trophic levels. Food webs remain important heuristic tools for teaching and understanding ecology but represent gross simplifications of the dynamic energy flows in ecosystems. Excluding parasites from them exacerbates this distortion. This work shows a range of methods by which parasites can be included and demonstrates the advantages of doing so. It also highlights significant gaps in knowledge that remain.
Development of High Efficiency Cu2ZnSnS4 Solar Cells and Modules
Creators: name: Hiroi, H.
name: Sakai, N.
name: Sugimoto, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2448-2451
description: An efficiency of 7.17% on a 5x5cm2-sized Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin-film submodule was achieved. For
fabrication, vacuum-based processes were used to deposit a Mo back electrode and a metal precursor. The CZTS
absorber layer was formed through high-temperature annealing with sulfur containing gas. A Cd-based buffer layer
and a ZnO window layer were then deposited by chemical bath deposition and metal-organic chemical vapor
deposition, respectively. A monolithically integrated structure with seven series connections was introduced by laser
and mechanical patterning. Current progress resulted from an improvement in sulfurization, the introduction of
annealing and ZnO window tuning. Furthermore, 4.76% efficiency on 5x5cm2-sized Cd-free CZTS submodule with a
Zn-based buffer layer had been achieved. Its structure was essentially the same as the Cd-based CZTS submodule
except for the buffer layer. Optimization of absorber composition and tuning of annealing conditions for the Zn-based
buffer contributed to this achievement. Preliminarily, 4.72% efficiency was obtained on the CZTS submodule with an
In-based buffer as an alternative to the Cd-free buffer. In view of the ready availability and environmentallyfriendliness
of constituent materials, we are intensively accelerating the development of Cd-free CZTS submodules
with higher efficiency.
Aerosol Jet Etching for Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Lennon, A.J.
name: Renn, M.
name: King, B.
name: Wenham, S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2246-2249
description: The key to high-efficiency silicon solar cells is the ability to form small-area metal contacts to the
silicon through dielectric passivating layers. In this paper we describe a new method for patterned etching of SiO2
and SiNx dielectric layers. The method uses Optomec’s Aerosol Jet Printer to deposit a solution containing fluoride
ions, according to an etching pattern, onto an acidic water-soluble polymer layer formed over the dielectric layer. The
deposited solution reacts with the polymer layer, at the locations where it is deposited, to form an etchant that etches
the SiO2 and SiNx under the polymer layer to form a pattern of openings in the dielectric layer. The acidic watersoluble
polymer and the etch residue are then easily removed by rinsing in water. The method involves fewer steps
than photolithography and is safer than existing immersion etching techniques as the corrosive etchant is only formed
in-situ on the surface to be etched. Furthermore, the method uses small amounts of inexpensive chemicals and
produces significantly less hazardous fluoride waste than existing immersion etching methods.
(Modular) Effect Algebras are Equivalent to (Frobenius) Antispecial Algebras
Creators: name: Pavlovic, Dusko
name: Seidel, Peter-Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Effect algebras are one of the generalizations of Boolean algebras proposed in the quest for a quantum logic. Frobenius algebras are a tool of categorical quantum mechanics, used to present various families of observables in abstract, often nonstandard frameworks. Both effect algebras and Frobenius algebras capture their respective fragments of quantum mechanics by elegant and succinct axioms; and both come with their conceptual mysteries. A particularly elegant and mysterious constraint, imposed on Frobenius algebras to characterize a class of tripartite entangled states, is the antispecial law. A particularly contentious issue on the quantum logic side is the modularity law, proposed by von Neumann to mitigate the failure of distributivity of quantum logical connectives. We show that, if quantum logic and categorical quantum mechanics are formalized in the same framework, then the antispecial law of categorical quantum mechanics corresponds to the natural requirement of effect algebras that the units are each other's unique complements; and that the modularity law corresponds to the Frobenius condition. These correspondences lead to the equivalence announced in the title. Aligning the two formalisms, at the very least, sheds new light on the concepts that are more clearly displayed on one side than on the other (such as e.g. the orthogonality). Beyond that, it may also open up new approaches to deep and important problems of quantum mechanics (such as the classification of complementary observables).
description: In Proceedings QPL 2016, arXiv:1701.00242
Myzomela chloroptera subsp. eva Meise 1929
Creators: name: , Mary
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Meliphagidae
Myzomela

description: Myzomela chloroptera eva Meise Myzomela chloroptera eva Meise, 1929a: 443 (Djampea). Now Myzomela boiei eva Meise, 1929. See White and Bruce, 1986: 402, Coates et al., 1997: 479– 480, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 333–334, Dickinson, 2003: 442, and Higgins et al., 2008: 641–642. HOLOTYPE: AMNH 266615, adult male, collected on Tanahjampea (5 Djampea) Island, 07.05S, 120.42E (White and Bruce, 1986: 491), Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, on 25 July 1927, by Baron Victor von Plessen (no. 476). COMMENTS: Meise had two specimens from Tanahjampea, both males and collected on the same day. He gave von Plessen’s field number of the holotype in the original description and said that it was in AMNH. Besides von Plessen’s specimens, Meise also saw two adult males from Tanahjampea and one from Salayar (5 Saleyer) in the Rothschild Collection and one Salayar specimen from SNSD. Von Plessen’s collection was divided between AMNH and ZMB, and the Rothschild Collection specimens are now in AMNH. Paratypes in AMNH are: Tanahjampea, males, AMNH 692675, 692676 (labeled ‘‘ eva Meise’’ by Meise, with a reference to the description); and Salayar, male, AMNH 692677. Also considered a paratype is a second Salayar specimen, AMNH 692678 that would have been available to Meise in the Rothschild Collection, but because it is an immature male, it was not mentioned in his comparisons. See Schodde and Mason (1999: 334) for a discussion of the various treatments of the Wallacean forms often considered subspecies of the species M. sanguinolenta. Higgins et al. (2008: 641) treated eva as a subspecies of the separate species M. chloroptera.
description: Published as part of Mary, 2011, Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 9. Passeriformes: Zosteropidae And Meliphagidae, pp. 1-193 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2011 (348) on page 65
description: {"references": ["Meise, W. 1929 a. Die Vogel von Djampea und benachbarten Inseln nach einer Sammlung Baron Plessens. Journal fur Ornithologie 77: 431 - 480.", "White, C. M. N., and M. D. Bruce. 1986. The birds of Wallacea. B. O. U. check-list no. 7. London: British Ornithologists' Union, 524 pp.", "Coates, B. J., K. D. Bishop, and D. Gardner. 1997. A guide to the birds of Wallacea. Alderley, Queensland: Dove Publications, 535 pp.", "Schodde, R., and I. J. Mason. 1999. The directory of Australian birds. Passerines. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing, 851 pp.", "Dickinson, E. C. (editor). 2003. The Howard and Moore complete checklist of the birds of the world. 3 rd ed. London: Christopher Helm, 1039 pp.", "Higgins, P. J., L. Christidis, and H. A. Ford. 2008. Meliphagidae (honeyeaters). In J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, and D. Christie (editors), Handbook of birds of the world, vol. 13, Penduline-tits to shrikes: 498 - 691. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 879 pp., 60 pls., 536 photographs."]}
Al2O3 as Surface Passivation Coating for c-Si Solar Cells by Large-Scale In-Line Sputtering
Creators: name: Liu, J.
name: Dieter, T.
name: Englert, M.
name: Schramm, S.
name: Trassl, R.
name: Wolke, W.
name: Catoir, J.
name: Hofmann, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1686-1690
description: A sputter process for an Al2O3/SiN:H layer stack for the rear side passivation of crystalline solar cells has
been developed on an industrial in-line ATON 1600 sputter system. Lifetimes of up to 750 μs on 1cm FZ p-type wafers
were achieved with excellent layer uniformity on an industry-relevant coating width of 1600 mm. In a systematic
investigation of the sputter process and annealing parameters, it was found that the initial growth of the Al2O3 film on the
Si-wafer surface is the critical factor for obtaining a good passivation level. Furthermore, it could be shown that the
addition of hydrogen to the subsequent SiNx layer substantially increases the charge carrier lifetimes. The passivating
Al2O3/SiN:H layer stacks are firing-stable and the data indicate that the used annealing procedure can be substituted by a
normal firing step.
Myzomela cardinalis subsp. tucopiae Mayr 1937
Creators: name: , Mary
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Meliphagidae
Myzomela

description: Myzomela cardinalis tucopiae Mayr Myzomela cardinalis tucopiae Mayr, 1937: 4 (Tucopia Island). Now Myzomela cardinalis tucopiae Mayr, 1937. See Salomonsen, 1967: 360, Dickinson, 2003: 442, and Higgins et al., 2008: 645–646. HOLOTYPE: AMNH 216265, adult male, collected on Tikopia (5 Tucopia) Island, 12.19S, 168.49E (USBGN, 1974c), Solomon Islands, on 11 February 1927, by Rollo H. Beck on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 24661). COMMENTS: Mayr cited the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description; he had a single specimen. Because Tikopia is sometimes cited as an outlier of the Banks Islands in Vanuatu and sometimes as an outlier of the Santa Cruz Islands in the Solomon Islands, this subspecies is easily overlooked in regional lists. Tikopia is currently part of the Solomon Islands. M. c. tucopiae is listed as ‘‘doubtfuly distinct from tenuis ’’ by Salomonsen (1967: 360), and certainly more material is needed. It was recognized by Dickinson (2003: 442) and by Higgins et al., 2008: 646.
description: Published as part of Mary, 2011, Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 9. Passeriformes: Zosteropidae And Meliphagidae, pp. 1-193 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2011 (348) on page 67
description: {"references": ["Salomonsen, F. 1967. Family Meliphagidae. In R. A. Paynter, Jr (editor), Check-list of birds of the world, vol. 12: 338 - 450. Cambridge, MA: Museum of Comparative Zoology, ix + 495 pp.", "Dickinson, E. C. (editor). 2003. The Howard and Moore complete checklist of the birds of the world. 3 rd ed. London: Christopher Helm, 1039 pp.", "Higgins, P. J., L. Christidis, and H. A. Ford. 2008. Meliphagidae (honeyeaters). In J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, and D. Christie (editors), Handbook of birds of the world, vol. 13, Penduline-tits to shrikes: 498 - 691. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 879 pp., 60 pls., 536 photographs."]}
Two types of superconducting domes in unconventional superconductors
Creators: name: Das, Tanmoy
name: Panagopoulos, Christos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Uncovering the origin of unconventional superconductivity is often plagued by the overwhelming material diversity with varying normal and superconducting (SC) properties. In this article, we deliver a comprehensive study of the SC properties and phase diagrams using multiple tunings (such as disorder, pressure or magnetic field in addition to doping and vice versa) across several families of unconventional superconductors, including the copper-oxides, heavy-fermions, organics and the recently discovered iron-pnictides, iron-chalcogenides, and oxybismuthides. We discover that all these families often possess two types of SC domes, with lower and higher superconducting transition temperatures Tc, both unconventional but with distinct SC and normal states properties. The lower Tc dome arises with or without a quantum critical point (QCP), and not always associated with a non-Fermi liquid (NFL) background. On the contrary, the higher-Tc dome clearly stems from a NFL or strange metal phase, without an apparent intervening phase transition or a QCP. The two domes appear either fully separated in the phase diagram, or merged into one, or arise independently owing to their respective normal state characteristics. Our findings suggest that a QCP-related mechanism is an unlikely scenario for the NFL phase in these materials, and thereby narrows the possibility towards short-range fluctuations of various degrees of freedom in the momentum and frequency space. We also find that NFL physics may be a generic route to higher-Tc superconductivity.
description: 34 pages. Accepted in NJP. (v2) A table of materials showing 2 SC domes, and 1 dome is added at the end
title: Canada's new Fire Research Field Station
Creators: name: Phillips, Alan M.
Publisher: name: National Research Council of Canada. Division of Building Research
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: Fire
valueUri: urn:ircsubjects:IRC0400
subject: Incendie
valueUri: urn:ircsubjects:IRC0400

description: Aussi disponible en francais: La nouvelle station de recherche expérimentale sur l'incendie du Canada
Europe's PV Deployment on its Way towards 12% Electricity Share by 2020 and Integrating "MENA" into the Greater Energy Picture
Creators: name: Hoffmann, W.
name: Pellkofer, T.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: PV Taking Off: Large-scale Deployment
Markets for Large-scale PV

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 5217-5223
description: Within the last 10 years Europe contributed most to the worldwide annual PV installations. With more
than 80% European market share in 2009 this will decrease gradually towards less than 50% until 2014 according to
the latest EPIA “policy driven” market forecast. In comparison to the “SET FOR 2020” study a significant effort is
needed in a number of member states to reach the ambitious “paradigm shift scenario” with 389 GW cumulative
installations providing 462 TWh equal to 12 % electricity needs in EU by 2020. In the recent EPIA study “Unlocking
the Sunbelt potential of PV” the increasing contribution coming from this region is highlighted. The development of
further growth until 2050 will be shown to realistically contribute substantially to the European and also global
electricity needs of future mankind. Within the portfolio of different Renewable Energy Sources (RES) PV will take
together with wind, solar thermal concentrators, biomass and low temperature solar thermal the major role in the
global final energy supply.
Photovoltaic Devices with Silicon Quantum Wells and Dots Structures in Silicon Nitride Dielectric
Creators: name: Panchal, A.K.
name: Rai, D.K.
name: Mathew, M.
name: Singh Solanki, C.S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 41-43
description: Photovoltaic (PV) effect of the p-i-n devices with 20 layers of a-Si/SiNX multilayer films as i–layer is
studied. The Si quantum well (Si-QW) and Si quantum dot (Si-QD) structure multilayer films are prepared using hotwire
chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD). HR–TEM shows formation of Si-QDs of size 3 to 5 nm in the annealed
multilayer films. The device performance (open-circuit voltage (VOC) and short-circuit current (ISC)) improves on H–
passivation. The quantum efficiency (QE) measurement shows that light absorption in the short wavelength is
enhanced in the Si-QD device due to quantum confinement effect (QCE).
title: An exploration into the roles of managerial support and occupational stigma in the employee turnover process amongst non-managerial quick service workers in Guyana
Creators: name: Campbell, Terrence Ilbertis Evrod
Publisher: name: Edinburgh Napier University
Year: 2020

description: The purpose of this thesis is to explore the role of managerial support and occupational stigma in the employee turnover process amongst non-managerial employees (crew members) in the quick service sector. Guided contextually by the Decent Work Agenda and framed theoretically by the Resource-Based View, this sequential explanatory mixed-method study was conducted with the employees of a large quick service operator in Guyana. The entire population of crew members was surveyed via questionnaire, whilst a mixture of random and purposive sampling was used to identify fifteen managers who participated in structured interviews. A key feature of the study is the ethical dimension, as the author of the study is the owner and CEO of the study organization. This necessitated the use of a professional research assistant to administer the questionnaires and interviews, as well as undertake the transcription and anonymization of the data.
Correlation analysis was used to analyze the quantitative data, whilst thematic analysis was deployed to decipher data from structured interviews. The study produced four important findings. First, the study, in a new geographical context, supported previous research which found managerial support to be positively associated with employee retention. Second, the study identified the prevalence of impulsive quits as a result of pervasive supervisor incivility. Third, the study discovered that perceptions of slavery exist around quick service work. Fourth, the study detected the stigma of homosexuality in relation to males employed in the quick service sector.
The findings of the study underpin its contributions to knowledge and practice. A Model of the Employee Turnover process was developed. This model demonstrates the relationships between managerial support, work-life conflicts, career development and supervisor incivility in the turnover process. The study also generated a Retention Toolkit, which provides a framework for improving human resource systems/practices and, second, training aimed at developing the leadership skills of managers in the sector.
The findings of this study may also be applicable to non-managerial workers in the wider hospitality sector and to other shop floor workers. Future studies, using the findings of this study as a base, should target other workers in the hospitality sector in Guyana and the wider English-speaking Caribbean, where the hospitality industry has a very significant role.
Quantum parameter estimation with optimal control
Creators: name: Liu, Jing
name: Yuan, Haidong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A pivotal task in quantum metrology, and quantum parameter estimation in general, is to de- sign schemes that achieve the highest precision with given resources. Standard models of quantum metrology usually assume the dynamics is fixed, the highest precision is achieved by preparing the optimal probe states and performing optimal measurements. However, in many practical experimental settings, additional controls are usually available to alter the dynamics. Here we propose to use optimal control methods for further improvement on the precision limit of quantum parameter estimation. We show that by exploring the additional degree of freedom offered by the controls higher precision limit can be achieved. In particular we show that the precision limit under the controlled schemes can go beyond the constraints put by the coherent time, which is in contrast to the standard scheme where the precision limit is always bounded by the coherent time.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, PRA published version