cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Recycling of organic carbon near the sediment-water interface in coastal environments.
Creators: name: Martens, C.S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1984

description: Detailed studies of benthic organic carbon recycling at a single non-bioturbated coastal site, including direct seasonal rate determinations and sediment-water dissolved carbon flux measurements, serve to test the usefulness of a simple kinetic model for degradation based strictly on sedimentary organic carbon distribution.
The Fate of the Universe Evolution in the Quadratic Form of Ricci-Gauss-Bonnet Cosmology
Creators: name: Lohakare, Santosh V
name: Tello-Ortiz, Francisco
name: Mishra, B.
name: Tripathy, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possibility of future singularity due to the accelerating expansion of the Universe. It has been found that the gravitational theory comprises Ricci scalar $R$ and Gauss-Bonnet invariant $\mathcal{G}$, known as $F(R,\mathcal{G})$ gravity, which can be viewed in the quadratic form. Three models are presented using Hubble parameters to represent a finite and infinite future. The parameters of the models are analyzed on the basis of their physical and geometrical properties. This study also explores the properties of the modified gravitational theory, and neither the future singularity nor the little or pseudo rip is posed as threats to the fate of the Universe. We present scalar perturbation approaches to perturbed evolution equations and demonstrate their stability.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures
Additional file 6 of Transcriptional and epigenetic changes during tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection in tomato
Creators: name: Romero-Rodríguez, Beatriz
name: Petek, Marko
name: Jiao, Chen
name: Križnik, Maja
name: Zagorščak, Maja
name: Fei, Zhangjun
name: Bejarano, Eduardo R.
name: Gruden, Kristina
name: Castillo, Araceli G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 6. Fig. S6. Functional enrichment of the tomato gene clusters.
Additional file 1 of Rare clinical phenotype of filaminopathy presenting as restrictive cardiomyopathy and myopathy in childhood
Creators: name: Muravyev, A.
name: Vershinina, T.
name: Tesner, P.
name: Sjoberg, G.
name: Fomicheva, Yu.
name: Čajbiková, N. Novák
name: Kozyreva, A.
name: Zhuk, S.
name: Mamaeva, E.
name: Tarnovskaya, S.
name: Jornholt, J.
name: Sokolnikova, P.
name: Pervunina, T.
name: Vasichkina, E.
name: Sejersen, T.
name: Kostareva, A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.. List of studied genes
Tensor Completion with Provable Consistency and Fairness Guarantees for Recommender Systems
Creators: name: Nguyen, Tung
name: Uhlmann, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a new consistency-based approach for defining and solving nonnegative/positive matrix and tensor completion problems. The novelty of the framework is that instead of artificially making the problem well-posed in the form of an application-arbitrary optimization problem, e.g., minimizing a bulk structural measure such as rank or norm, we show that a single property/constraint: preserving unit-scale consistency, guarantees the existence of both a solution and, under relatively weak support assumptions, uniqueness. The framework and solution algorithms also generalize directly to tensors of arbitrary dimensions while maintaining computational complexity that is linear in problem size for fixed dimension d. In the context of recommender system (RS) applications, we prove that two reasonable properties that should be expected to hold for any solution to the RS problem are sufficient to permit uniqueness guarantees to be established within our framework. This is remarkable because it obviates the need for heuristic-based statistical or AI methods despite what appear to be distinctly human/subjective variables at the heart of the problem. Key theoretical contributions include a general unit-consistent tensor-completion framework with proofs of its properties, e.g., consensus-order and fairness, and algorithms with optimal runtime and space complexities, e.g., O(1) term-completion with preprocessing complexity that is linear in the number of known terms of the matrix/tensor. From a practical perspective, the seamless ability of the framework to generalize to exploit high-dimensional structural relationships among key state variables, e.g., user and product attributes, offers a means for extracting significantly more information than is possible for alternative methods that cannot generalize beyond direct user-product relationships.
description: Final published version
The comptonizing medium of the black-hole X-ray binary MAXI~J1535$-$571 through type-C quasi-periodic oscillations
Creators: name: Rawat, Divya
name: Méndez, Mariano
name: García, Federico
name: Altamirano, Diego
name: Karpouzas, Konstantinos
name: Zhang, Liang
name: Alabarta, Kevin
name: Belloni, Tomaso M.
name: Jain, Pankaj
name: Bellavita, Candela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed spectral and temporal analysis of the black-hole candidate MAXI~J1535$-$571 using NICER observations in September and October 2017. We focus specifically on observations in the hard-intermediate state when the source shows type-C quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs). We fitted the time-averaged spectrum of the source and the rms and phase-lag spectra of the QPO with a one-component time-dependent Comptonization model. We found that the corona contracts from $\sim 10^4$ to $\sim 3 \times 10^3$ km as the QPO frequency increases from $\sim 1.8$ Hz to $\sim 9.0$ Hz. The fits suggest that the system would consists of two coronas, a small one that dominates the time-averaged spectrum and a larger one, possibly the jet, that dominates the rms and lag spectra of the QPO. We found a significant break in the relation of the spectral parameters of the source and the properties of the QPO, including its lag spectra, with QPO frequency. The change in the relations happens when the QPO frequency crosses a critical frequency $ν_c \approx 3.0$ Hz. Interestingly, the QPO reaches this critical frequency simultaneously as the radio emission from the jet in this source is quenched.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Vertical Allocation-based Fair Exposure Amortizing in Ranking
Creators: name: Yang, Tao
name: Xu, Zhichao
name: Ai, Qingyao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.3.3

description: Result ranking often affects consumer satisfaction as well as the amount of exposure each item receives in the ranking services. Myopically maximizing customer satisfaction by ranking items only according to relevance will lead to unfair distribution of exposure for items, followed by unfair opportunities and economic gains for item producers/providers. Such unfairness will force providers to leave the system and discourage new providers from coming in. Eventually, fewer purchase options would be left for consumers, and the utilities of both consumers and providers would be harmed. Thus, to maintain a balance between ranking relevance and fairness is crucial for both parties. In this paper, we focus on the exposure fairness in ranking services. We demonstrate that existing methods for amortized fairness optimization could be suboptimal in terms of fairness-relevance tradeoff because they fail to utilize the prior knowledge of consumers. We further propose a novel algorithm named Vertical Allocation-based Fair Exposure Amortizing in Ranking, or VerFair, to reach a better balance between exposure fairness and ranking performance. Extensive experiments on three real-world datasets show that VerFair significantly outperforms state-of-the-art fair ranking algorithms in fairness-performance trade-offs from both the individual level and the group level.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Sinalliaria limprichtiana X. F. Jin, Y. Y. Zhou & H. W. Zhang 2014, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Zhou, Ying-Ying
name: Zhang, Hong-Wei
name: Hu, Jiang-Qin
name: Jin, Xiao-Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Brassicales
Brassicaceae
Sinalliaria
Sinalliaria limprichtiana

description: Sinalliaria limprichtiana (Pax) X. F. Jin, Y. Y. Zhou & H. W. Zhang, comb. nov.
Basionym: Cardamine limprichtiana Pax (1911: 27).
Type:— CHINA. Zhejiang: Ningpo (Ningbo), 18 April 1911, A. Limpricht 18 (holotype, WRSL, photo in HTC!).
Herbs perennial, 15‒50 cm tall. Rhizomes short to 1‒2 cm long. Stems erect or ascending, sparsely to densely pilose, or glabrous. Basal leaves simple, rarely with 1‒3 lateral lobes on each side; blades narrowly ovate, triangular-ovate, ovate to broadly ovate, 2.5‒7.5 × 2.5‒5 cm, cordate at base, acuminate or caudate at apex, serrate and irregularly biserrate at margin, sparsely to densely pilose, or glabrous on both surfaces, long-petiolate; petioles 3‒9 cm long; lateral lobes sessile or short-petiolate. Cauline leaves similar to basal ones, 4‒16 × 2.5‒7 (‒12) cm, long-petiolate. Raceme manyflowered; sepals oblong or ovate-elliptic, green or pale purple, 3‒6 mm long; petals obovate to narrowly obovate, white or pale pink, 6‒10 mm long, truncate or emarginate at apex, attenuate at base; claw inconspicuous; filaments erect, anthers yellow, oblong; ovaries linear. Siliques linear, 2‒6 cm long, sparsely pilose or glabrous, truncate at apex; septa whitish, membranaceous. Seeds oblong-ovoid, 2‒2.5 mm long, densely verrucose. Flowering and fruiting late March to June.
description: Published as part of Zhou, Ying-Ying, Zhang, Hong-Wei, Hu, Jiang-Qin & Jin, Xiao-Feng, 2014, Sinalliaria, a new genus of Brassicaceae from eastern China, based on morphological and molecular data, pp. 188-198 in Phytotaxa 186 (4) on page 194, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.186.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5147063
BORON IN COASTAL NORTH FLORIDA RAINFALL.
Creators: name: Martens, Christopher S.
name: Harriss, Robert C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1976

description: Dissolved boron and sodium concentrations were determined in rainfall collected on the Gulf Coast of northern Florida in order to investigate chemical and physical processes influencing natural concentration levels in the coastal marine atmosphere. Rainfall samples were collected during summer showers, during drizzle and heavy downpours associated with winter frontal activities, and sequentially during tropical storm Becky. Mean calculated B enrichments E//N//a(B) for summer and winter sample sets were 32 and 11, respectively. A surprisingly constant concentration of 'excess' B above that expected from direct seawater injection of approximately 6 mu g 1** minus **1 was observed in the sequential Becky samples. The lower winter B/Na ratios, and thus the calculated E//N//a(B) values, appear related to higher Na concentrations; however, several alternative hypotheses can be advanced to explain the results, including greater particulate sea-salt injection during winter months, incorporation of soil materials with a B/Na ratio above the seawater value, and possible influences of temperature variation on gaseous B incorporation in rain and evaporation from the sea surface.
Chromospheric diagnosis with Ca II lines: forward modeling in forward scattering (I)
Creators: name: Carlin, E. S.
name: Ramos, A Asensio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper shows the first synthetic tomography of the quiet solar chromosphere formed by spatial maps of scattering polarization. It has been calculated for the CaII 8498, 8542 and 3934 A lines by solving the NLTE (non-local thermodynamical equilibrium) RT (radiative transfer) problem of the second kind in a 3D atmosphere model obtained from realistic MHD (magneto-hydrodynamical) simulations. Maps of circular polarization were calculated neglecting atomic polarization. Our investigation focuses on the linear polarization signals induced by kinematics, radiation field anisotropy and Hanle effect in forward-scattering geometry. Thus, instead of considering slit profiles at the limb as normally done in the study of the second solar spectrum, we synthetize and analyze spatial maps of polarization at disk center. It allows us to understand the spatial signatures of dynamics and magnetic field in the linear polarization for discriminating them observationally. Our results suggest new ideas for chromospheric diagnosis that will be developed throughout a serie of papers. In particular, Hanle Polarity Inversion Lines and dynamic Hanle diagrams are two concepts introduced in the present work. We find that chromospheric dynamics and magnetic field topology create spatial fingerprints in the polarization maps that trace the dynamic situation of the plasma and the magnetic field. Based on such spatial features we reconstruct the magnetic field intensity in the middle chromosphere along grooves of null linear polarization. We finally address the problems of diagnosing Hanle saturation and kinematic amplification of scattering signals using Hanle diagrams.
description: 16 pages, 16 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Fake news detection using parallel BERT deep neural networks
Creators: name: Farokhian, Mahmood
name: Rafe, Vahid
name: Veisi, Hadi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fake news is a growing challenge for social networks and media. Detection of fake news always has been a problem for many years, but after the evolution of social networks and increasing speed of news dissemination in recent years has been considered again. There are several approaches to solving this problem, one of which is to detect fake news based on its text style using deep neural networks. In recent years, one of the most used forms of deep neural networks for natural language processing is transfer learning with transformers. BERT is one of the most promising transformers who outperforms other models in many NLP benchmarks. This article, we introduce MWPBert, which uses two parallel BERT networks to perform veracity detection on full-text news articles. One of the BERT networks encodes news headline, and another encodes news body. Since the input length of the BERT network is limited and constant and the news body is usually a long text, we cannot fed the whole news text into the BERT. Therefore, using the MaxWorth algorithm, we selected the part of the news text that is more valuable for fact-checking, and fed it into the BERT network. Finally, we encode the output of the two BERT networks to an output network to classify the news. The experiment results showed that the proposed model outperformed previous models in terms of accuracy and other performance measures.
description: Multimed Tools Appl (2023)
Additional file 2 of Rare clinical phenotype of filaminopathy presenting as restrictive cardiomyopathy and myopathy in childhood
Creators: name: Muravyev, A.
name: Vershinina, T.
name: Tesner, P.
name: Sjoberg, G.
name: Fomicheva, Yu.
name: Čajbiková, N. Novák
name: Kozyreva, A.
name: Zhuk, S.
name: Mamaeva, E.
name: Tarnovskaya, S.
name: Jornholt, J.
name: Sokolnikova, P.
name: Pervunina, T.
name: Vasichkina, E.
name: Sejersen, T.
name: Kostareva, A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Table S1. Echocardiography features of patients with FLNC-associated restrictive cardiomyopathy.
Free boundaries in problems with hysteresis
Creators: name: Apushkinskaya, D. E.
name: Uraltseva, N. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this note we present a survey concerning parabolic free boundary problems involving a discontinuous hysteresis operator. Such problems describe biological and chemical processes "with memory" in which various substances interact according to hysteresis law. Our main objective is to discuss the structure of the free boundaries and the properties of the so-called "strong solutions" belonging to the anisotropic Sobolev class $W^{2,1}_q$ with sufficiently large $q$. Several open problems in this direction are proposed as well.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Chemistry of aerosols, cloud droplets, and rain in the Puerto Rican marine atmosphere
Creators: name: Harriss, Robert C.
name: Martens, Christopher S.
Publisher: name: Wiley-Blackwell
Year: 1973

description: The chemical changes occurring during the transformation of aerosols to cloud droplets and rain were observed in orographic clouds on the eastern end of the island of Puerto Rico. Comparisons of elemental ratios in particles and rain and of elemental particle size distributions in and out of the clouds demonstrated scavenging efficiencies of >100% for the elements I, Br, and Cl relative to Na and of <25% for the elements Al, Mn, and V relative to Na. These different scavenging efficiencies are consistent with predictions based on existing cloud physics theory and are a reflection of the geochemical properties of the aerosol consisting partly of a hygroscopic sea salt component containing I, Br, Cl, and Na and partly of a soil dust component containing Al, Mn, and possibly V.
Boundary-induced singularity in strongly-correlated quantum systems at finite temperature
Creators: name: Wang, Ding-Zu
name: Zhang, Guo-Feng
name: Lewenstein, Maciej
name: Ran, Shi-Ju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exploring the bulk-boundary correspondences and the boundary-induced phenomena in the strongly-correlated quantum systems belongs to the most fundamental topics of condensed matter physics. In this work, we study the bulk-boundary competition in a simulative Hamiltonian, with which the thermodynamic properties of the infinite-size translationally-invariant system can be optimally mimicked. The simulative Hamiltonian is constructed by introducing local interactions on the boundaries, coined as the entanglement-bath Hamiltonian (EBH) that is analogous to the heat bath. The terms within the EBH are variationally determined by a thermal tensor network method, with coefficients varying with the temperature of the infinite-size system. By treating the temperature as an adjustable hyper-parameter of the EBH, we identify a discontinuity point of the coefficients, dubbed as the ``boundary quench point'' (BQP), whose physical implication is to distinguish the point, below which the thermal fluctuations from the boundaries to the bulk become insignificant. Fruitful phenomena are revealed when considering the simulative Hamiltonian, with the EBH featuring its own hyper-parameter, under the canonical ensembles at different temperatures. Specifically, a discontinuity in bulk entropy at the BQP is observed. The exotic entropic distribution, the relations between the symmetries of Hamiltonian and BQP, and the impacts from the entanglement-bath dimension are also explored. Our results show that such a singularity differs from those in the conventional thermodynamic phase transition points that normally fall into the Landau-Ginzburg paradigm. Our work provides the opportunities on exploring the exotic phenomena induced by the competition between the bulk and boundaries.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Mean oscillation gradient estimates for elliptic systems in divergence form with VMO coefficients
Creators: name: Nguyen, Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider gradient estimates for $H^1$ solutions of linear elliptic systems in divergence form $\partial_α(A_{ij}^{αβ} \partial_βu^j) = 0$. It is known that the Dini continuity of coefficient matrix $A = (A_{ij}^{αβ}) $ is essential for the differentiability of solutions. We prove the following results: (a) If $A$ satisfies a condition slightly weaker than Dini continuity but stronger than belonging to VMO, namely that the $L^2$ mean oscillation $ω_{A,2}$ of $A$ satisfies \[ X_{A,2} := \limsup_{r\rightarrow 0} r \int_r^2 \frac{ω_{A,2}(t)}{t^2} \exp\Big(C_* \int_{t}^R \frac{ω_{A,2}(s)}{s}\,ds\Big)\,dt < \infty, \] where $C_*$ is a positive constant depending only on the dimensions and the ellipticity, then $\nabla u \in BMO$. (b) If $X_{A,2} = 0$, then $\nabla u \in VMO$. (c) If $A \in VMO$ and if $\nabla u \in L^\infty$, then $\nabla u \in VMO$. (d) Finally, examples satisfying $X_{A,2} = 0$ are given showing that it is not possible to prove the boundedness of $\nabla u$ in statement (b), nor the continuity of $\nabla u$ in statement (c).
Non-seagrass carbon contributions to seagrass sediment blue carbon
Creators: name: Oreska, M.P.J.
name: Wilkinson, G.M.
name: McKee, B.A.
name: Bost, M.
name: McGlathery, K.J.
Publisher: name: Wiley Blackwell
Year: 2018

description: Non-seagrass sources account for ∼ 50% of the sediment organic carbon (SOC) in many seagrass beds, a fraction that may derive from external organic matter (OM) advected into the meadow and trapped by the seagrass canopy or produced in situ. If allochthonous carbon fluxes are responsible for the non-seagrass SOC in a given seagrass bed, this fraction should decrease with distance from the meadow perimeter. Identifying the spatial origin of SOC is important for closing seagrass carbon budgets and “blue carbon” offset-credit accounting, but studies have yet to quantify and map seagrass SOC stocks by carbon source. We measured sediment δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S throughout a large (6 km2), restored Zostera marina (eelgrass) meadow and applied Bayesian mixing models to quantify total SOC contributions from possible autotroph sources, Z. marina, Spartina alterniflora, and benthic microalgae (BMA). Z. marina accounted for < 40% of total meadow SOC, but we did not find evidence for outwelling from the fringing S. alterniflora salt-marsh or OM advection from bare subtidal areas. S. alterniflora SOC contributions averaged 10% at sites both inside and outside of the meadow. The BMA fraction accounted for 51% of total meadow SOC and was highest at sites furthest from the bare subtidal-meadow edge, indicative of in situ production. 210Pb profiles confirmed that meadow-enhanced sedimentation facilitates the burial of in situ BMA. Deducting this contribution from total SOC would underestimate total organic carbon fixation within the meadow. Seagrass meadows can enhance BMA burial, which likely accounts for most of the non-seagrass SOC stored in many seagrass beds.
Observation of the $γγ\toττ$ process in Pb+Pb collisions and constraints on the $τ$-lepton anomalous magnetic moment with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This Letter reports the observation of $τ$-lepton pair production in ultraperipheral lead-lead collisions, $\text{Pb+Pb} \to \text{Pb}(γγ\to ττ)\text{Pb}$, and constraints on the $τ$-lepton anomalous magnetic moment, $a_τ$. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.44 nb$^{-1}$ of LHC Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_\text{NN}}} = 5.02$ TeV recorded by the ATLAS experiment in 2018. Selected events contain one muon from a $τ$-lepton decay, an electron or charged-particle track(s) from the other $τ$-lepton decay, little additional central-detector activity, and no forward neutrons. The $γγ\to ττ$ process is observed in Pb+Pb collisions with a significance exceeding 5 standard deviations, and a signal strength of $μ_{ττ} = 1.03^{+0.06}_{-0.05}$ assuming the Standard Model value for $a_τ$. To measure $a_τ$, a template fit to the muon transverse-momentum distribution from $τ$-lepton candidates is performed, using a dimuon ($γγ\to μμ$) control sample to constrain systematic uncertainties. The observed 95% confidence-level interval for $a_τ$ is $-0.057 < a_τ< 0.024$.
description: 33 pages, 2 figures, author list starting on page 15. Published as Phys. Rev. Lett. 131 (2023) 151802. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2019-19/
Additional file 8 of Transcriptional and epigenetic changes during tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection in tomato
Creators: name: Romero-Rodríguez, Beatriz
name: Petek, Marko
name: Jiao, Chen
name: Križnik, Maja
name: Zagorščak, Maja
name: Fei, Zhangjun
name: Bejarano, Eduardo R.
name: Gruden, Kristina
name: Castillo, Araceli G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 8. Fig. S8. Tomato miRNA families.
Maximum nonlocality and minimum uncertainty using magic states
Creators: name: Howard, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that magic states from the Clifford hierarchy give optimal solutions for tasks involving nonlocality and entropic uncertainty with respect to Pauli measurements. For both the nonlocality and uncertainty tasks, stabilizer states are the worst possible pure states so our solutions have an operational interpretation as being highly non-stabilizer. The optimal strategy for a qudit version of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) game in prime dimensions is achieved by measuring maximally entangled states that are isomorphic to single-qudit magic states. These magic states have an appealingly simple form and our proof shows that they are "balanced" with respect to all but one of the mutually unbiased stabilizer bases. Of all equatorial qudit states, magic states minimize the average entropic uncertainties for collision entropy and also, for small prime dimensions, min-entropy -- a fact that may have implications for cryptography.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Land use, water quality, and the history of coral assemblages at Bocas del Toro, Panamá
Creators: name: Bianchi, T.S.
name: Hilbun, N.L.
name: McKee, B.A.
name: Filley, T.R.
name: Aronson, R.B.
Publisher: name: Inter-Research
Year: 2014

description: As human activities have intensified along tropical coastlines, the anthropic influence on adjacent coral reefs has become increasingly deleterious. Changes in land use generally degrade water quality, but controversy persists over the degree to which reduced water quality affects the ecology of reef communities. We cored reef frameworks at 4 sites in Bahía Almirante, a semi-enclosed, coastal lagoon in northwestern Panamá, to explore the historical relationship between turnover in coral-species dominance and terrigenous input. The coral constituents of the cores were analyzed in tandem with lignin-phenol concentrations. Chronologies and sedimentation rates were determined from 210Pb profiles in the cores. Increased terrigenous input from agricultural development and expansion of the human population degraded water quality in Bahía Almirante over the last century. Documented episodes of heavy rainfall after 1970 accelerated a phase shift from dominance by branching corals of the genus Porites to dominance by the lettuce coral Agaricia tenuifolia at water depths of 5 to 10 m by increasing runoff, increasing sediment and nutrient loads, and lowering light levels. The phase shift in coral dominance was unprecedented on a millennial time scale and the degree to which it occurred varied along a gradient of terrigenous input to the Bahía.
Entangled States are Harder to Transfer than Product States
Creators: name: Apollaro, Tony J. G.
name: Lorenzo, Salvatore
name: Plastina, Francesco
name: Consiglio, Mirko
name: Życzkowski, Karol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of entangled states is a key task of utmost importance for many quantum information processing protocols. A commonly adopted setup for distributing quantum states envisages the creation of the state in one location, which is then sent to (possibly different) distant receivers through some quantum channels. While it is undoubted and, perhaps, intuitively expected that the distribution of entangled quantum states is less efficient than that of product states, a thorough quantification of this inefficiency (namely, of the difference between the quantum-state transfer fidelity for entangled and factorized states) has not been performed. To this end, in this work, we consider $n$-independent amplitude-damping channels, acting in parallel, i.e., each, locally, on one part of an $n$-qubit state. We derive exact analytical results for the fidelity decrease, with respect to the case of product states, in the presence of entanglement in the initial state, for up to four qubits. Interestingly, we find that genuine multipartite entanglement has a more detrimental effect on the fidelity than two-qubit entanglement. Our results hint at the fact that, for larger $n$-qubit states, the difference in the average fidelity between product and entangled states increases with increasing single-qubit fidelity, thus making the latter a less trustworthy figure of merit.
description: Contribution to the Entropy Special Issue of IQIS22 (Italian Quantum Information Science) conference, Palermo (Italy) 12-16 September 2022
Riesz-Kolmogorov type compactness criteria in function spaces with applications
Creators: name: Mitkovski, Mishko
name: Stockdale, Cody B.
name: Wagner, Nathan A.
name: Wick, Brett D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 46B50, Secondary 46E15, 46E30, 47B35

description: We present forms of the classical Riesz-Kolmogorov theorem for compactness that are applicable in a wide variety of settings. In particular, our theorems apply to classify the precompact subsets of the Lebesgue space $L^2$, Paley-Wiener spaces, weighted Bargmann-Fock spaces, and a scale of weighted Besov-Sobolev spaces of holomorphic functions that includes weighted Bergman spaces of general domains as well as the Hardy space and the Dirichlet space. We apply the compactness criteria to characterize the compact Toeplitz operators on the Bergman space, deduce the compactness of Hankel operators on the Hardy space, and obtain general umbrella theorems.
description: 25 pages
The rank of the inverse semigroup of all partial automorphisms on a finite crown
Creators: name: Dimitrova, Ilinka
name: Koppitz, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20M20, 20M18

description: For $n \in \mathbb{N}$, let $[n] = \{1, 2, \ldots, n\}$ be an $n$ - element set. As usual, we denote by $I_n$ the symmetric inverse semigroup on $[n]$, i.e. the partial one-to-one transformation semigroup on $[n]$ under composition of mappings. The crown (cycle) $\cal{C}_n$ is an $n$-ordered set with the partial order $\prec$ on $[n]$, where the only comparabilities are $$1 \prec 2 \succ 3 \prec 4 \succ \cdots \prec n \succ 1 ~~\mbox{ or }~~ 1 \succ 2 \prec 3 \succ 4 \prec \cdots \succ n \prec 1.$$ We say that a transformation $α\in I_n$ is order-preserving if $x \prec y$ implies that $xα\prec yα$, for all $x, y $ from the domain of $α$. In this paper, we study the inverse semigroup $IC_n$ of all partial automorphisms on a finite crown $\cal{C}_n$. We consider the elements, determine a generating set of minimal size and calculate the rank of $IC_n$.
Seagrass Restoration Enhances "Blue Carbon" Sequestration in Coastal Waters
Creators: name: McKee, B.A.
name: McGlathery, K.J.
name: Greiner, J.T.
name: Gunnell, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Seagrass meadows are highly productive habitats that provide important ecosystem services in the coastal zone, including carbon and nutrient sequestration. Organic carbon in seagrass sediment, known as "blue carbon," accumulates from both in situ production and sedimentation of particulate carbon from the water column. Using a large-scale restoration (>1700 ha) in the Virginia coastal bays as a model system, we evaluated the role of seagrass, Zostera marina, restoration in carbon storage in sediments of shallow coastal ecosystems. Sediments of replicate seagrass meadows representing different age treatments (as time since seeding: 0, 4, and 10 years), were analyzed for % carbon, % nitrogen, bulk density, organic matter content, and 210Pb for dating at 1-cm increments to a depth of 10 cm. Sediment nutrient and organic content, and carbon accumulation rates were higher in 10-year seagrass meadows relative to 4-year and bare sediment. These differences were consistent with higher shoot density in the older meadow. Carbon accumulation rates determined for the 10-year restored seagrass meadows were 36.68 g C m-2 yr-1. Within 12 years of seeding, the restored seagrass meadows are expected to accumulate carbon at a rate that is comparable to measured ranges in natural seagrass meadows. This the first study to provide evidence of the potential of seagrass habitat restoration to enhance carbon sequestration in the coastal zone.
MORESANE: MOdel REconstruction by Synthesis-ANalysis Estimators. A sparse deconvolution algorithm for radio interferometric imaging
Creators: name: Dabbech, Arwa
name: Ferrari, Chiara
name: Mary, David
name: Slezak, Eric
name: Smirnov, Oleg
name: Kenyon, Jonathan S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (arXiv abridged abstract) The current years are seeing huge developments of radio telescopes and a tremendous increase of their capabilities. Such systems make mandatory the design of more sophisticated techniques not only for transporting, storing and processing this new generation of radio interferometric data, but also for restoring the astrophysical information contained in such data. In this paper we present a new radio deconvolution algorithm named MORESANE and its application to fully realistic simulated data of MeerKAT, one of the SKA precursors. This method has been designed for the difficult case of restoring diffuse astronomical sources which are faint in brightness, complex in morphology and possibly buried in the dirty beam's side lobes of bright radio sources in the field. MORESANE is a greedy algorithm which combines complementary types of sparse recovery methods in order to reconstruct the most appropriate sky model from observed radio visibilities. A synthesis approach is used for the reconstruction of images, in which the synthesis atoms representing the unknown sources are learned using analysis priors. We apply this new deconvolution method to fully realistic simulations of radio observations of a galaxy cluster and of an HII region in M31. We show that MORESANE is able to efficiently reconstruct images composed from a wide variety of sources from radio interferometric data. Comparisons with other available algorithms, which include multi-scale CLEAN and the recently proposed methods by Li et al. (2011) and Carrillo et al. (2012), indicate that MORESANE provides competitive results in terms of both total flux/surface brightness conservation and fidelity of the reconstructed model. MORESANE seems particularly well suited for the recovery of diffuse and extended sources, as well as bright and compact radio sources known to be hosted in galaxy clusters.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication on A&A
VS-Net: Multiscale Spatiotemporal Features for Lightweight Video Salient Document Detection
Creators: name: Singh, Hemraj
name: Verma, Mridula
name: Cheruku, Ramalingaswamy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Video Salient Document Detection (VSDD) is an essential task of practical computer vision, which aims to highlight visually salient document regions in video frames. Previous techniques for VSDD focus on learning features without considering the cooperation among and across the appearance and motion cues and thus fail to perform in practical scenarios. Moreover, most of the previous techniques demand high computational resources, which limits the usage of such systems in resource-constrained settings. To handle these issues, we propose VS-Net, which captures multi-scale spatiotemporal information with the help of dilated depth-wise separable convolution and Approximation Rank Pooling. VS-Net extracts the key features locally from each frame across embedding sub-spaces and forwards the features between adjacent and parallel nodes, enhancing model performance globally. Our model generates saliency maps considering both the background and foreground simultaneously, making it perform better in challenging scenarios. The immense experiments regulated on the benchmark MIDV-500 dataset show that the VS-Net model outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in both time and robustness measures.
A feasibility analysis towards the simulation of hysteresis with spin-lattice dynamics
Creators: name: Santos, G. dos
name: Romá, F.
name: Tranchida, J.
name: Castedo, S.
name: Cugliandolo, L. F.
name: Bringa, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use spin-lattice dynamics simulations to study the possibility of modeling the magnetic hysteresis behavior of a ferromagnetic material. The temporal evolution of the magnetic and mechanical degrees of freedom is obtained through a set of two coupled Langevin equations. Hysteresis loops are calculated for different angles between the external field and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy axes. The influence of several relevant parameters is studied, including the field frequency, magnetic damping, magnetic anisotropy (magnitude and type), magnetic exchange, and system size. The role played by a moving lattice is also discussed. For a perfect bulk ferromagnetic system we find that, at low temperatures, the exchange and lattice dynamics barely affect the loops, while the field frequency and magnetic damping have a large effect on it. The influence of the anisotropy magnitude and symmetry are found to follow the expected behavior. We show that a careful choice of simulation parameters allows for an excellent agreement between the spin-lattice dynamics measurements and the paradigmatic Stoner-Wohlfarth model. Furthermore, we extend this analysis to intermediate and high temperatures for the perfect bulk system and for spherical nanoparticles, with and without defects, reaching values close to the Curie temperature. In this temperature range, we find that lattice dynamics has a greater role on the magnetic behavior, especially in the evolution of the defective samples. The present study opens the possibility for more accurate inclusion of lattice defects and thermal effects in hysteresis simulations
Comparison of hypoxia among four river-dominated ocean margins: The Changjiang (Yangtze), Mississippi, Pearl, and Rhône rivers
Creators: name: Chen, C.T.A.
name: Green, R.
name: Conley, D.J.
name: Yin, K.
name: Dai, M.H.
name: McKee, B.
name: Lansard, B.
name: Harrison, P.J.
name: Cai, W.-J.
name: Rabouille, C.
name: Dagg, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: We examined the occurrence of seasonal hypoxia (O2<2 mg l-1) in the bottom waters of four river-dominated ocean margins (off the Changjiang, Mississippi, Pearl and Rhône Rivers) and compared the processes leading to the depletion of oxygen. Consumption of oxygen in bottom waters is linked to biological oxygen demand fueled by organic matter from primary production in the nutrient-rich river plume and perhaps terrigenous inputs. Hypoxia occurs when this consumption exceeds replenishment by diffusion, turbulent mixing or lateral advection of oxygenated water. The margins off the Mississippi and Changjiang are affected the most by summer hypoxia, while the margins off the Rhône and the Pearl rivers systems are less affected, although nutrient concentrations in the river water are very similar in the four systems. Spring and summer primary production is high overall for the shelves adjacent to the Mississippi, Changjiang and Pearl (1-10 g C m-2 d-1), and lower off the Rhône River (<1 g C m-2 d-1), which could be one of the reasons of the absence of hypoxia on the Rhône shelf. The residence time of the bottom water is also related to the occurrence of hypoxia, with the Mississippi margin showing a long residence time and frequent occurrences of hypoxia during summer over very large spatial scales, whereas the East China Sea (ECS)/Changjiang displays hypoxia less regularly due to a shorter residence time of the bottom water. Physical stratification plays an important role with both the Changjiang and Mississippi shelf showing strong thermohaline stratification during summer over extended periods of time, whereas summer stratification is less prominent for the Pearl and Rhône partly due to the wind effect on mixing. The shape of the shelf is the last important factor since hypoxia occurs at intermediate depths (between 5 and 50 m) on broad shelves (Gulf of Mexico and ECS). Shallow estuaries with low residence time such as the Pearl River estuary during the summer wet season when mixing and flushing are dominant features, or deeper shelves, such as the Gulf of Lion off the Rhône show little or no hypoxia.
Finding the First Cosmic Explosions. IV. 90 - 140 M$_{\odot}$ Pair-Instability Supernovae
Creators: name: Smidt, Joseph
name: Whalen, Daniel J.
name: Chatzopoulos, E.
name: Wiggins, Brandon K.
name: Chen, Ke-Jung
name: Kozyreva, Alexandra
name: Even, Wesley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Population III stars that die as pair-instability supernovae are usually thought to fall in the mass range of 140 - 260 M$_{\odot}$. But several lines of work have now shown that rotation can build up the He cores needed to encounter the pair instability at stellar masses as low as 90 $_{\odot}$. Depending on the slope of the initial mass function of Population III stars, there could be 4 - 5 times as many stars from 90 - 140 $_{\odot}$ in the primordial universe than in the usually accepted range. We present numerical simulations of the pair-instability explosions of such stars performed with the MESA, FLASH and RAGE codes. We find that they will be visible to supernova factories such as Pan-STARRS and LSST in the optical out to z $\sim$ 1 - 2 and to JWST and the 30 m-class telescopes in the NIR out to $z \sim$ 7 - 10. Such explosions will thus probe the stellar populations of the first galaxies and cosmic star formation rates in the era of cosmological reionization. These supernovae are also easily distinguished from more massive pair-instability explosions, underscoring the fact that there is far greater variety to the light curves of these events than previously understood.
description: 12 pages. 8 figures
Equilibrium perturbations for stochastic interacting systems
Creators: name: Xu, Lu
name: Zhao, Linjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35, 82C22

description: We consider the equilibrium perturbations for two stochastic systems: the $d$-dimensional generalized exclusion process and the one-dimensional chain of anharmonic oscillators. We add a perturbation of order $N^{-α}$ to the equilibrium profile and speed up the process by $N^{1+κ}$ for parameters $0<κ\leα$. Under some additional constraints on $κ$ and $α$, we show the perturbed quantities evolve according to the Burgers equation in the exclusion process, and to two decoupled Burgers equations in the anharmonic chain, both in the smooth regime.
description: 30 pages, accepted version
Femtosecond laser-induced sub-wavelength plasma inside dielectrics: III. Terahertz radiation emission
Creators: name: Ardaneh, Kazem
name: Nishikawa, Ken-Ichi
name: Giust, Remo
name: Morel, Benoit
name: Charpin, Pierre-Jean
name: Couairon, Arnaud
name: Bonnaud, Guy
name: Courvoisier, Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromagnetic radiation within the terahertz (THz) frequency range is of great interest for applications in remote sensing and time-domain spectroscopy. The laser-induced plasmas are promising mediums for generating THz radiation. It has been recently reported that focusing femtosecond Bessel pulses inside dielectrics induces a high aspect ratio over-critical plasmas. Here we show that the intense resonantly driven electrostatic fields at the so-called critical surface lead to THz radiation emission. Through three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation and analytical derivation, we have investigated the emission of THz radiation. We show that the THz radiation is associated with a hot population of electrons trapped in ambipolar electric fields of the double layers.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted for Physics of Plasmas
An evaluation of submarine groundwater discharge along the continental shelf of Louisiana using a multiple tracer approach
Creators: name: McKee, B.A.
name: Corbett, D.R.
name: Top, Z.
name: McCoy, C.A.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2007

description: Natural geochemical tracers (222Rn, 3H, 3He, and 4He) were used to assess submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) along the continental shelf west of the Mississippi River. In order to assess SGD, groundwater, surface water, and sediment samples were collected on land and during six 4-day cruises aboard the R/V Pelican between Match 2003 and May 2004. A box model approach was used to quantify sources and sinks of 222Rn in the study area and to calculate SGD rates. SGD estimates were we based on two end member values for the potential advecting fluids: (1) that supported by 226Ra in the sediments; and (2) groundwater activities measured in monitoring wells. Calculated 222Rn SGD rates based on sediment supported activities ranged from 0.04 to 0.14 cm d-1, and estimates based on monitoring well activities ranged from 0.01 to 0.07 cm d-1 and corresponds to 1.41 km3 yr-1 of discharged water over our study area, equivalent to <1% of the Mississippi River during the same time frame. 3He and 4He, longer-lived tracers, exhibited significantly greater anomalies in the eastern portion of the study area which corresponds with greater oil and gas extraction and the release of formation water into the water column in this region. While the total SGD was relatively minor, potential sources of SGD are many and we suggest formation water associated with oil and gas extraction, geothermal convection, and seawater recirculation are the primary sources with a minimal contribution from terrestrially derived topography driven flow.