cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High Resolution Radar Sensing with Compressive Illumination
Creators: name: Sugavanam, Nithin
name: Baskar, Siddharth
name: Ertin, Emre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We present a compressive radar design that combines multitone linear frequency modulated (LFM) waveforms in the transmitter with a classical stretch processor and sub-Nyquist sampling in the receiver. The proposed compressive illumination scheme has fewer random elements resulting in reduced storage and complexity for implementation than previously proposed compressive radar designs based on stochastic waveforms. We analyze this illumination scheme for the task of a joint range-angle of arrival estimation in the multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) radar system. We present recovery guarantees for the proposed illumination technique. We show that for a sufficiently large number of modulating tones, the system achieves high-resolution in range and successfully recovers the range and angle-of-arrival of targets in a sparse scene. Furthermore, we present an algorithm that estimates the target range, angle of arrival, and scattering coefficient in the continuum. Finally, we present simulation results to illustrate the recovery performance as a function of system parameters.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1508.07969
Constraints on the abundance of supermassive primordial black holes from lensing of compact radio sources
Creators: name: Zhou, Huan
name: Lian, Yujie
name: Li, Zhengxiang
name: Cao, Shuo
name: Huang, Zhiqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility that primordial black holes (PBHs) form a part of dark matter has been considered over a wide mass range from the Planck mass ($10^{-5}~\rm g$) to the level of the supermassive black hole in the center of the galaxy. Primordial origin might be one of the most important formation channel of supermassive black holes. We use the non-detection of lensing effect of very long baseline interferometer observations of compact radio sources with extremely high angular resolution as a promising probe to constrain the abundance of intergalactic PBHs in the mass range $\sim10^4$-$10^9~M_{\odot}$. For a sample of well-measured 543 flat-spectrum compact radio sources, no milli-lensed images are found with angular separations between $1.5$ milli-arcseconds and $50$ milli-arcseconds. From this null search result, we derive that the fraction of dark matter made up of supermassive PBHs in the mass range $\sim10^6$-$10^8~M_{\odot}$ is $\lesssim1.48\%$ at $95\%$ confidence level. This constraints would be significantly improved due to the rapid increase of the number of measured compact radio sources. For instance, on the basis of none confirmed milli-lensing candidate in the latest $\sim14000$ sources, we derive the abundance of supermassive PBHs and obtain that it is $\lesssim0.06\%$ at $95\%$ confidence level.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, Accepted by MNRAS
CROSSTALK BETWEEN VITAMIN B AND IMMUNITY
Creators: name: Conti, Pio
name: E. Spinas
name: A. Saggini
name: S.K. Kritas
name: G. Cerulli
name: A. Caraffa
name: P. Antinolfi
name: A. Pantalone
name: A. Frydas
name: M. Tei
name: A. Speziali
name: R. Saggini
name: F. Pandolfi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Vitamin B1 (thiamin) is considered to be the oldest vitamin and in 1936 R.R. Williams and colleagues determined its chemical structure and were able to synthesize this vitamin. Vitamin B1 influences pro-apoptotic proteins, mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome C release, protein kinases, p38-MAPK, suppresses oxidative stress-induced NF-kappaB and has anti-inflammatory properties. Deficiency of vitamin B1 may cause beriberi, dysfunction of the nervous system, neuroinflammation, T cell infiltration, chemokine CCL2 activation, over expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, TNF, IL-6, and arachidonic acid products, and induces expression of CD40 by the microglia and CD40L by astrocytes which provoke the death of neurons. Here we report the relationship between vitamin B complex and immunity.
Classicalization and unitarization of wee partons in QCD and Gravity: The CGC-Black Hole correspondence
Creators: name: Dvali, Gia
name: Venugopalan, Raju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a remarkable correspondence between the description of Black Holes as highly occupied condensates of $N$ weakly interacting gravitons and that of Color Glass Condensates (CGCs) as highly occupied gluon states. In both cases, the dynamics of "wee partons" in Regge asymptotics is controlled by emergent semi-hard scales that lead to perturbative unitarization and classicalization of $2\rightarrow N$ particle amplitudes at weak coupling. In particular, they attain a maximal entropy permitted by unitarity, bounded by the inverse coupling $α$ of the respective constituents. Strikingly, this entropy is equal to the area measured in units of the Goldstone constant corresponding to the spontaneous breaking of Poincar{é} symmetry by the corresponding graviton or gluon condensate. In gravity, the Goldstone constant is the Planck scale, and gives rise to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Likewise, in the CGC, the corresponding Goldstone scale is determined by the onset of gluon screening. We point to further similarities in Black Hole formation, thermalization and decay, to that of the Glasma matter formed from colliding CGCs in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions, which decays into a Quark-Gluon Plasma.
description: 20 pages; typos fixed, references added, small clarifications to text
Promoter methylation in a mixed feedback loop circadian clock model
Creators: name: Silverthorne, Turner
name: Oh, Edward Saehong
name: Stinchcombe, Adam R
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We introduce and analyze an extension of the mixed feedback loop model of François and Hakim. Our extension includes an additional promoter state and allows for reversible protein sequestration, which was absent from the original studies of the mixed feedback loop model. Motivated by experimental observations that link DNA methylation with circadian gene expression, we use our extended model to investigate the role of DNA methylation(s) in the mammalian circadian clock. We extend the perturbation analysis of François and Hakim to determine how methylation affects the presence and the periodicity of oscillations. We derive a modified Goodwin oscillator model as an approximation to show that although methylation contributes to period control, excessive methylation can abolish rhythmicity.
Patterning precision under non-linear morphogen decay and molecular noise
Creators: name: Adelmann, Jan A.
name: Vetter, Roman
name: Iber, Dagmar
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022
Subjects: Morphogen gradient
Tissue patterning
Precision
Non-linear decay
Cell-based simulation

description: Morphogen gradients can instruct cells about their position in a patterned tissue. Non-linear morphogen decay has been suggested to increase gradient precision by reducing the sensitivity to variability in the morphogen source. Here, we use cell-based simulations to quantitatively compare the positional error of gradients for linear and non-linear morphogen decay. While we confirm that non-linear decay reduces the positional error close to the source, the reduction is very small for physiological noise levels. Far from the source, the positional error is much larger for non-linear decay in tissues that pose a flux barrier to the morphogen at the boundary. In light of this new data, a physiological role of morphogen decay dynamics in patterning precision appears unlikely.
description: bioRxiv
István Klinghammer, Budapest (Ungarn), Glückwünsche zum 80. Geburtstag
Creators: name: Hurni, Lorenz
name: Roubitschek, Walter
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Struktur und Mitglieder, 2022
description: ISSN:2569-7528
description: ISSN:2749-8352
p38 MAPK-SKN-1/Nrf signaling cascade is required for intestinal barrier against graphene oxide toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans
Creators: name: Yunli Zhao
name: Lingtong Zhi
name: Qiuli Wu
name: Yonglin Yu
name: Qiqing Sun
name: Dayong Wang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Biological barrier plays a crucial role for organisms against the possible toxicity from engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Graphene oxide (GO) has been proven to cause potential toxicity on organisms. However, the molecular mechanisms for intestinal barrier of animals against GO toxicity are largely unclear. Using in vivo assay system of Caenorhabditis elegans, we found that mutation of genes encoding core p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway caused susceptible property to GO toxicity and enhanced translocation of GO into the body of nematodes. Genetic assays indicated that SKN-1/Nrf functioned downstream of p38 MAPK signaling pathway to regulate GO toxicity and translocation. Transcription factor of SKN-1 could regulate GO toxicity and translocation at least through function of its targeted gene of gst-4 encoding one of phase II detoxification proteins. Moreover, intestine-specific RNA interference (RNAi) assay demonstrated that the p38 MAPK-SKN-1/Nrf signaling cascade could function in intestine to regulate GO toxicity and intestinal permeability in GO exposed nematodes. Therefore, p38 MAPK-SKN-1/Nrf signaling cascade may act as an important molecular basis for intestinal barrier against GO toxicity in organisms. Exposure to GO induced significantly increased expression of genes encoding p38 MAPK-SKN-1/Nrf signaling cascade, which further implies that the identified p38 MAPK-SKN-1/Nrf signaling cascade may encode a protection mechanism for nematodes in intestine to be against GO toxicity.
Rigid Sets and Coherent Sets in Realistic Ocean Flows
Creators: name: Feppon, Florian
name: Lermusiaux, Pierre
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: This paper focuses on the extractions of Lagrangian Coherent Sets from realistic velocity fields obtained from ocean data and simulations, each of which can be highly resolved and non volume-preserving. We introduce two novel methods for computing two formulations of such sets. First, we propose a new “diffeomorphism-based” criterion to extract “rigid sets”, defined as sets over which the flow map acts approximately as a rigid transformation. Second, we develop a matrix-free methodology that provides a simple and efficient framework to compute “coherent sets” with operator methods. Both new methods and their resulting rigid sets and coherent sets are illustrated and compared using three numerically simulated flow examples, including a high-resolution realistic, submesoscale to large-scale dynamic ocean current field in the Palau Island region of the western Pacific Ocean.
description: Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics Discussion
description: ISSN:2198-5634
High-temperature Majorana zero modes
Creators: name: Mercado, Alejandro
name: Sahoo, Sharmistha
name: Franz, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ general arguments and numerical simulations to show that unpaired Majorana zero modes can occur in cores of Abrikosov vortices at the interface between a three-dimensional topological insulator, such as Bi$_2$Se$_3$, and a twisted bilayer of high-$T_c$ cuprate superconductor, such as Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$. When the twist angle is close to $45^{\rm o}$ the latter forms a fully gapped topological superconductor up to temperatures approaching its native $T_c\simeq 90$K. Majorana zero modes in these structures will persist up to unprecedented high temperatures and, depending on the quality of the interface, may be protected by gaps with larger magnitudes than other candidate systems.
description: 4+2 pages, 5 figures. Version 2 (to appear in Phys. Rev. Letters) contains a significant change: edge mode argument replaced by a direct analytical calculation of the vortex core zero mode
Collective Spin-Light and Light-Mediated Spin-Spin Interactions in an Optical Cavity
Creators: name: Li, Zeyang
name: Braverman, Boris
name: Colombo, Simone
name: Shu, Chi
name: Kawasaki, Akio
name: Adiyatullin, Albert
name: Pedrozo-Peñafiel, Edwin
name: Mendez, Enrique
name: Vuletić, Vladan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction between an atomic ensemble and a light mode in a high-finesse optical cavity can easily reach the strong-coupling regime, where quantum effects dominate. In this regime, the interaction can be used to generate both atom-light and atom-atom entanglement. We analyze the dominant effects on the collective atomic state and the light field, and derive a unified approach that can account for atomic entanglement induced both by measurements on the light field, and by ignoring the state of the light field altogether. We present analytical expressions for the entanglement induced by the interaction, and determine the conditions that maximize the entanglement-induced gain over the standard quantum limit in quantum sensors and atomic clocks.
description: 25 pages, accepted for publication in PRX Quantum
Condensation driven by a quantum phase transition
Creators: name: Alvarez, Miguel
name: Reslen, Jose
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The grand canonical thermodynamics of a bosonic system is studied in order to identify the footprint of its own high-density quantum phase transition. The phases displayed by the system at zero temperature establish recognizable patterns at finite temperature that emerged in the proximity of the boundary of the equilibrium diagram. The gaped phase induces a state of collectivism/condensation at finite temperature in which population cumulates into the ground state in spite of interacting attractively. The work sets the foundation to approach the effect of attraction in the formation of a molecular condensate.
description: 5+ pages, 2 figures. Comments or bibliographical suggestions are welcome
Channel Estimation for RIS-Aided Multiuser Millimeter-Wave Systems
Creators: name: Zhou, Gui
name: Pan, Cunhua
name: Ren, Hong
name: Popovski, Petar
name: Swindlehurst, A. Lee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Channel estimation in the RIS-aided massive multiuser multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) wireless communication systems is challenging due to the passive feature of RIS and the large number of reflecting elements that incur high channel estimation overhead. To address this issue, we propose a novel cascaded channel estimation strategy with low pilot overhead by exploiting the sparsity and the correlation of multiuser cascaded channels in millimeter-wave massive MISO systems. Based on the fact that the phsical positions of the BS, the RIS and users may not change in several or even tens of consecutive channel coherence blocks, we first estimate the full channel state information (CSI) including all the angle and gain information in the first coherence block, and then only re-estimate the channel gains in the remaining coherence blocks with much less pilot overhead. In the first coherence block, we propose a two-phase channel estimation method, in which the cascaded channel of one typical user is estimated in Phase I based on the linear correlation among cascaded paths, while the cascaded channels of other users are estimated in Phase II by utilizing the partial CSI of the common base station (BS)-RIS channel obtained in Phase I. The total theoretical minimum pilot overhead in the first coherence block is $8J-2+(K-1)\left\lceil (8J-2)/L\right\rceil $, where $K$, $L$ and $J$ denote the numbers of users, paths in the BS-RIS channel and paths in the RIS-user channel, respectively. In each of the remaining coherence blocks, the minimum pilot overhead is $JK$. Moreover, the training phase shift matrices at the RIS are optimized to improve the estimation performance.
description: Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), Millimeter wave, massive MIMO, AoA/AoD estimation, channel estimation
Novel elementary excitations in spin-1/2 antiferromagnets on the triangular lattice
Creators: name: Syromyatnikov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss spin-$\frac12$ Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the triangular lattice using the recently proposed bond-operator technique (BOT). We use the variant of the BOT which takes into account all spin degrees of freedom in the magnetic unit cell containing three spins. Apart from conventional magnons known from the spin-wave theory (SWT), there are novel high-energy collective excitations in the BOT which are built from high-energy excitations of the magnetic unit cell. We obtain also another novel high-energy quasiparticle which has no counterpart not only in the SWT but also in the harmonic approximation of the BOT. All observed elementary excitations produce visible anomalies in dynamical spin correlators. We show that quantum fluctuations considerably change properties of conventional magnons predicted by the SWT. The effect of a small easy-plane anisotropy is discussed. The anomalous spin dynamics with multiple peaks in the dynamical structure factor is explained that was observed recently experimentally in $\rm Ba_3CoSb_2O_9$ and which the SWT could not describe even qualitatively.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Endocrinology of the skin: intradermal neuroimmune network, a new frontier.
Creators: name: Conti, Pio
name: Al. Caraffa
name: E. Spinas
name: S.K. Kritas
name: G. Lessiani
name: G. Ronconi
name: A. Saggini
name: P. Antinolfi
name: J. Pizzicannella
name: E. Toniato
name: T.C. Theoharides
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 60502 Infectious Agents

description: Endocrinology systems exert an important effect on vascular function and have direct actions on blood vessels. Estrogens provoke an increase in skin elasticity, epidermal hydration, skin thickness, reduce skin wrinkles and augment the content of collagen and the level of vascularisation. Therefore, there is an intricate cross-talk between skin conditions and stress. In stress, β2-adrenoreceptor (β2AR) pathway, cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine increase DNA damage and interfere with the regulation of the cell cycle, contributing to aging and skin diseases. Substance P is a neuropeptide released in the skin from the peripheral nerve and is related to stress and inflammation. SP provokes infiltration of inflammatory cells in the skin and induces a variety of cytokines/chemokines. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), produced by mast cells, is a neuropeptide also expressed in skin and responds to stress. CRH initiates diverse intracellular signaling pathways, including cAMP, protein kinase C, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). Under stress, CRH, glucocorticoids, epinephrine and cytokines are generated. Moreover, the release of ACTH binds the receptor MC2-R and stimulates the generation of glucocorticoids such as corticosterone and cortisol, which interact with the transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kB. In skin keratinocytes, ACTH promotes the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which enhances T-cell activity. Cortisol is immunosuppressive by inhibiting Th1 and Th2 cell response, antigen presentation, antibody and cytokine/chemokine production. However, glucocorticoids are certainly helpful in Th1-mediated autoimmune disorders. On the other hand, cytokines, such as TNF, IL-1 and IL-6, stimulate the generation of CRH and activate HPA axis in inflammatory states. Here, we describe for the first time a cross-talk between endocrinology and skin, including pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurogenic inflammatory pathways.
$τ_{RR}$ minimization in presence of hypermultiplets
Creators: name: Amariti, Antonio
name: Gnecchi, Alessandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute $τ_{RR}$ minimization in gauged supergravity for M-theory and String Theory truncations with both massless and massive vector multiplets. We explicitly compute, as anticipated in \cite{Amariti:2015ybz}, that massive vector fields at the vacuum require the introduction of a constraint through a Lagrange multiplier. We illustrate this explicitly in two examples, namely the $U(1)^2$-invariant truncation dual to the mABJM model and the ISO(7) truncation in massive IIA, the latter being a theory with both electric and magnetic gauging. We revisit the vacuum constraints at $AdS_4$ and show how the supergravity analysis matches the results of the field theory dual computation.
description: 31 pages
Phase-dependent cross sections of deuteron-triton fusion in dichromatic intense fields with high-frequency limit
Creators: name: Lv, Wenjuan
name: Duan, Hao
name: Liu, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the influence of strong dichromatic laser fields (i.e. 1ω-2ω and 1ω-3ω) with high-frequency limit on the cross sections of deuteron-triton(DT) fusion in Kramers-Henneberger(KH) frame. We focus on the transitions of phase-dependent effects depending on a dimensionless quantity n_{d} , which equals the ratio of the quiver oscillation amplitude to the geometrical touching radius of the deuteron and triton as defined in our previous research. Theoretical calculations show that the angle-dependent as well as phase-dependent Coulomb barrier penetrabilities can be enhanced in dichromatic intense fields, and the corresponding angle-averaged penetrabilities and the fusion cross sections increase significantly compared with field-free case. Moreover, we find that there are twice shifts of the peak in the cross sections whenever the frequency becomes sufficiently low or the intensity sufficiently high. The reason for the first shift is the angle-dependence effects for sub-barrier fusion, while the second shift is due to the accumulation of over-barrier fusion, these mechanisms are analyzed in detail in this paper.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Multimodal spatiotemporal phenotyping of human organoid development
Creators: name: Wahle, Philipp
name: Brancati, Giovanna
name: Harmel, Christoph
name: He, Zhisong
name: Gut, Gabriele
name: Santos, Aline
name: Yu, Qianhui
name: Noser, Pascal
name: Fleck, Jonas Simon
name: Gjeta, Bruno
name: Pavlinić, Dinko
name: Picelli, Simone
name: Hess, Maximilian
name: Schmidt, Gregor
name: Lummen, Tom
name: Hou, Yanyan
name: Galliker, Patricia
name: Renner, Magdalena
name: Pelkmans, Lucas
name: Treutlein, Barbara
name: Camp, J. Gray
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Organoids generated from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) provide experimental systems to study development and disease. However, we lack quantitative spatiotemporal descriptions of organoid development that incorporate measurements across different molecular modalities. Here we focus on the retina and use a single-cell multimodal approach to reconstruct human retinal organoid development. We establish an experimental and computational pipeline to generate multiplexed spatial protein maps over a retinal organoid time course and primary adult human retina, registering protein expression features at the population, cellular, and subcellular levels. We develop an analytical toolkit to segment nuclei, identify local and global tissue units, infer morphology trajectories, and analyze cell neighborhoods from multiplexed imaging data. We use this toolkit to visualize progenitor and neuron location, the spatial arrangements of extracellular and subcellular components, and global patterning in each organoid and primary tissue. In addition, we generate a single-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility time course dataset and infer a gene regulatory network underlying organoid development. We then integrate genomic data with spatially segmented nuclei into a multi-modal atlas enabling virtual exploration of retinal organoid development. We visualize molecular, cellular, and regulatory dynamics during organoid lamination, and identify regulons associated with neuronal differentiation and maintenance. We use the integrated atlas to explore retinal ganglion cell (RGC) spatial neighborhoods, highlighting pathways involved in RGC cell death. Finally, we show that mosaic CRISPR/Cas genetic perturbations in retinal organoids provide insight into cell fate regulation. Altogether, our work is a major advance toward a virtual human retinal organoid, and provides new directions for how to approach disorders of the visual system. More broadly, our approaches can be adapted to many organoid systems.
description: bioRxiv
Supplementary Material for: Surgical Treatment of Facial Basal Cell Carcinoma: Patient-Based Assessment of Clinical Outcome in a Prospective Cohort Study
Creators: name: Ofaiche, J.
name: Lopez, R.
name: Bérard, E.
name: André, A.
name: Bulai-Livideanu, C.
name: Méresse, T.
name: Vairel, B.B.
name: Grolleau, J.-L.
name: Paul, C.
name: Meyer, N.
Publisher: name: Karger Publishers
Year: 2016
Subjects: Medicine

description: Background: There are limited data on the esthetic, functional, and morphological outcomes of surgical treatment of facial basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Objective: The aim of our study was to assess the determinants of the evaluation of both the patients and the investigator of the esthetic, functional, and morphological impact of the surgical treatment of facial BCC. Methods: A prospective observational study evaluated 111 patients treated surgically for facial BCCs (n = 135 BCCs), using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), a validated and reliable scale designed for the evaluation of all types of scars by professionals and patients. Results: Scar assessment rated by the patients was very good. Skin aging was associated with a better surgical outcome as evaluated by POSAS (OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.09-0.98; p = 0.04). Conversely, histologically infiltrative or sclerosing BCC (OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 0.95-5.71; p = 0.06) was independently associated with poorer POSAS. In terms of the investigator's evaluation, aging signs (protective factor: OR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04-0.73; p = 0.01), location on the H-zone of the face (risk factor: OR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.07-8.15; p = 0.03), and histologically infiltrative or sclerosing BCC (risk factor: OR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.01-8.29; p = 0.04) were independently associated with POSAS. Conclusion: Esthetic, functional, and morphological outcomes of facial BCC surgery provide high patient satisfaction overall. Taking wider margins requires specific measures to improve the surgical outcome.
Inducing chiral superconductivity on honeycomb lattice systems
Creators: name: Alsharari, Abdulrhman M.
name: Ulloa, Sergio E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductivity in graphene-based systems has recently attracted much attention, as either intrinsic behavior or induced by proximity to a superconductor may lead to interesting topological phases and symmetries of the pairing function. A prominent system considers the pairing to have chiral symmetry. The question arises as to the effect of possible spin-orbit coupling on the resulting superconducting quasiparticle spectrum. Utilizing a Bogolyubov-de Gennes (BdG) Hamiltonian, we explore the interplay of different interaction terms in the system, and their role in generating complex Berry curvatures in the quasiparticle spectrum, as well as non-trivial topological behavior. We demonstrate that the topology of the BdG Hamiltonian in these systems may result in the appearance of edge states along the zigzag edges of nanoribbons in the appropriate regime.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Optimal index insurance and basis risk decomposition: an application to Kenya
Creators: name: Stigler, Matthieu
name: Lobell, David
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021
Subjects: Index insurance
agricultural risk management basis risk
risk decomposition
satellite data

description: Index insurance is a promising tool to reduce the risk faced by farmers, but high basis risk, which arises from imperfect correlation between the index and individual farm yields, has limited its adoption to date. Basis risk arises from two fundamental sources: the intrinsic heterogeneity within an insurance zone (zonal risk), and the lack of predictive accuracy of the index (design risk). Whereas previous work has focused almost exclusively on design risk, a theoretical and empirical understanding of the role of zonal risk is still lacking. Here we investigate the relative roles of zonal and design risk, using the case of maize yields in Kenya. Our first contribution is to derive a formal decomposition of basis risk, providing a simple upper bound on the insurable basis risk that any index can reach within a given zone. Our second contribution is to provide the first large-scale empirical analysis of the extent of zonal versus design risk. To do so, we use satellite estimates of yields at 10m resolution across Kenya, and investigate the effect of using smaller zones versus using different indices. Our results show a strong local heterogeneity in yields, underscoring the challenge of implementing index insurance in smallholder systems, and the potential benefits of low-cost yield measurement approaches that can enable more local definitions of insurance zones.
description: arXiv
On the Euler+Prandtl expansion for the Navier-Stokes equations
Creators: name: Kukavica, Igor
name: Nguyen, Trinh
name: Vicol, Vlad
name: Wang, Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q30 35Q05

description: We establish the validity of the Euler$+$Prandtl approximation for solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations in the half plane with Dirichlet boundary conditions, in the vanishing viscosity limit, for initial data which are analytic only near the boundary, and Sobolev smooth away from the boundary. Our proof does not require higher order correctors, and works directly by estimating an $L^{1}$-type norm for the vorticity of the error term in the expansion Navier-Stokes$-($Euler$+$Prandtl$)$. An important ingredient in the proof is the propagation of local analyticity for the Euler equation, a result of independent interest.
Computational Aspects of Characteristic Mode Decomposition -- An Overview
Creators: name: Capek, Miloslav
name: Schab, Kurt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Nearly all practical applications of the theory of characteristic modes (CMs) involve the use of computational tools. Here in Paper 2 of this Series on CMs, we review the general transformations that move CMs from a continuous theoretical framework to a discrete representation compatible with numerical methods. We also review several key topics related to computational CMs, including modal tracking, dynamic range, code validation, electrically large problems, and non-PEC techniques.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, 3 boxes
A refined mapping of Arctic lakes using Landsat imagery
Creators: name: Paltan, Homero
name: Jadu Dash
name: Edwards, Mary
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Effective mapping of water bodies at regional scales is a challenge with respect to the description and monitoring of hydrological, climatic, and landscape processes. In a region as sensitive to climate change as the Arctic, inaccurate representation of lake cover has probably led to underestimation of the role of lakes as landscape constituents and thus of their contribution to biochemical cycles. To estimate lake cover reliably (and perhaps also its change through time), the scientific community necessitates techniques for mapping water bodies using satellite sensors that include rich historical data sets and have sufficiently fine spatial resolution. Here we applied a density-slicing detection technique to 617 cloud-free Landsat images for the summer months 2006–2011. We developed a comprehensive database of Arctic lakes with a detection accuracy of 80% and examined spatial patterns of lake distribution in relation to landscape properties. We mapped about 3,500,000 lakes; these cover nearly 6% of the Arctic land surface (about 400,000 km2) and are typically small (<0.1 km2). Lake density and lake fraction analyses show that lakes are most common in lowland permafrost areas with tundra vegetation. The method described here can also be used to map and monitor lake cover at regional to hemispheric scales and to monitor changes in lake cover over time.
Study muon g-2 at two-loop level in the $U(1)_X$SSM
Creators: name: Zhao, Shu-Min
name: Su, Lu-Hao
name: Dong, Xing-Xing
name: Wang, Tong-Tong
name: Feng, Tai-Fu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The new experiment data of muon g-2 is reported by the workers at Fermilab National Accelerator Laboratory(FNAL). Combined with the previous Brookhaven National Laboratory(BNL) E821 result, the departure from the standard model prediction is about 4.2 $σ$. It strengthens our faith in the new physics. $U(1)_X$SSM is the U(1) extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model, where we study the electroweak corrections to the anomalous magnetic dipole moment of muon from the one-loop diagrams and some two-loop diagrams possessing important contributions. These two-loop diagrams include Barr-Zee type, rainbow type and diamond type. The virtual supersymmetric particles in these two-loop diagrams are chargino, scalar neutrino, neutralino, scalar lepton, which are supposed not very heavy to make relatively large corrections. We obtain the Wilson coefficients of the dimension 6 operators inducing the anomalous magnetic dipole moment of muon. The numerical results can reach $25\times 10^{-10}$ and even larger.
description: 31 pages, 13 figures
The vascular gene Apold1 is dispensable for normal development but controls angiogenesis under pathological conditions
Creators: name: Fan, Zheng
name: Ardicoglu, Raphaela
name: Batavia, Aashil A.
name: Rust, Ruslan
name: von Ziegler, Lukas
name: Waag, Rebecca
name: Zhang, Jing
name: Desgeorges, Thibaut
name: Sturman, Oliver
name: Dang, Hairuo
name: Weber, Rebecca
name: Moor, Andreas
name: Schwab, Martin E.
name: Germain, Pierre-Luc
name: Bohacek, Johannes
name: De Bock, Katrien
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: The molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis have been intensely studied, but many genes that control endothelial behavior and fate still need to be described. Here, we characterize the role of Apold1 (Apolipoprotein L domain containing 1) in angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Single-cell analyses reveal that - across tissues - the expression of Apold1 is restricted to the vasculature, and that Apold1 expression in endothelial cells (ECs) is highly sensitive to environmental factors. Using Apold1-/- mice, we find that Apold1 is dispensable for development and does not affect postnatal retinal angiogenesis nor alters the vascular network in adult brain and muscle. However, when exposed to ischemic conditions following photothrombotic stroke as well as femoral artery ligation, Apold1-/- mice display dramatic impairments in recovery and revascularization. We also find that human tumor endothelial cells express strikingly higher levels of Apold1, and that Apold1 deletion in mice stunts the growth of subcutaneous B16 melanoma tumors, which have smaller and poorly perfused vessels. Mechanistically, Apold1 is activated in ECs upon growth factor stimulation as well as in hypoxia, and Apold1 intrinsically controls EC proliferation but not migration. Our data demonstrate that Apold1 is a key regulator of angiogenesis in pathological settings, whereas it does not affect developmental angiogenesis, thus making it a promising candidate for clinical investigation.
description: bioRxiv
Sphere-sequencing unveils local tissue microenvironments at single cell resolution
Creators: name: Handler, Kristina
name: Bach, Karsten
name: Borrelli, Costanza
name: Ficht, Xenia Maria
name: Acar, Ilhan E.
name: Moor, Andreas
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: The spatial organization of cells within tissues is tightly linked to their biological function. Yet, methods to probe the entire transcriptome of multiple native tissue microenvironments at single cell resolution are lacking. Here, we introduce spheresequencing, a method that enables the transcriptomic characterization of single cells within spatially distinct tissue niches. Sphere-sequencing of the mouse metastatic liver revealed previously uncharacterized zonated genes and ligand-receptor interactions enriched in different hepatic microenvironments and the metastatic niche.
description: bioRxiv
From Graph Properties to Graph Parameters: Tight Bounds for Counting on Small Subgraphs
Creators: name: Döring, Simon
name: Marx, Dániel
name: Wellnitz, Philip
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2024

description: A graph property is a function Φ that maps every graph to {0, 1} and is invariant under isomorphism. In the #IndSub(Φ) problem, given a graph G and an integer k, the task is to count the number of k-vertex induced subgraphs G′ with Φ(G′)=1. #IndSub(Φ) can be naturally generalized to graph parameters, that is, to functions Φ on graphs that do not necessarily map to {0, 1}: now the task is to compute the sum ∑G′Φ(G′) taken over all k-vertex induced subgraphs G′. This problem setting can express a wider range of counting problems (for instance, counting k-cycles or k-matchings) and can model problems involving expected values (for instance, the expected number of components in a subgraph induced by k random vertices). Our main results are lower bounds on #IndSub(Φ) in this setting, which simplify, generalize, and tighten the recent lower bounds of Döring, Marx, and Wellnitz [STOC'24] in various ways. (1) We show a lower bound for every nontrivial edge-monotone graph parameter Φ with finite codomain (not only for parameters that take value in {0, 1}). (2) The lower bound is tight: we show that, assuming ETH, there is no f(k)no(k) time algorithm. (3) The lower bound applies also to the modular counting versions of the problem. (4) The lower bound applies also to the multicolored version of the problem. We can extend the #W[1]-hardness result to the case when the codomain of Φ is not finite, but has size at most (1−ε)k−−√ on k-vertex graphs. However, if there is no bound on the size of the codomain, the situation changes significantly: for example, there is a nontrivial edge-monotone function Φ where the size of the codomain is k on k-vertex graphs and #IndSub(Φ) is FPT.
Fate and plasticity of SARS-CoV-2-specific B cells during memory and recall response in humans
Creators: name: Zurbuchen, Yves
name: Michler, Jan
name: Taeschler, Patrick
name: Adamo, Sarah
name: Cervia, Carlo
name: Raeber, Miro E.
name: Acar, Ilhan E.
name: Nilsson, Jakob
name: Soyka, Michael B.
name: Moor, Andreas
name: Boyman, Onur
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: B cell responses to different pathogens recruit tailored effector mechanisms, resulting in functionally specialized subsets. For human memory B cells (MBCs), these include CD21+ resting, CD21−CD27+ activated, and CD21−CD27− atypical cells. Whether these subsets follow deterministic or interconnected fates is unknown. We demonstrate in COVID-19 patients that single clones of SARS-CoV-2-specific MBCs followed multiple fates with distinctive phenotypic and functional characteristics. 6–12 months after infection, most circulating MBCs were CD21+ resting cells, which also accumulated in peripheral lymphoid organs where they acquired markers of tissue residency. Conversely, at acute infection and following SARS-CoV-2-specific immunization, CD21− MBCs became the predominant subsets, with atypical MBCs expressing high T-bet, inhibitory molecules, and distinct chemokine receptors. B cell receptor sequencing allowed tracking of individual MBC clones differentiating into CD21+, CD21−CD27+, and CD21−CD27− cell fates. Collectively, single MBC clones can adopt functionally different trajectories, thus contributing to immunity to infection.
description: bioRxiv
Not all unprofessional behaviors are equal: The creation of a checklist of bad behaviors
Creators: name: Cullen, Michael J.
name: Konia, Mojca R.
name: Borman-Shoap, Emily C.
name: Braman, Jonathan P.
name: Tiryaki, Ezgi
name: Marcus-Blank, Brittany
name: Andrews, John S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Introduction: Professionalism is a key component of medical education and training. However, there are few tools to aid educators in diagnosing unprofessional behavior at an early stage. The purpose of this study was to employ policy capturing methodology to develop two empirically validated checklists for identifying professionalism issues in early-career physicians. Method: In a series of workshops, a professionalism competency model containing 74 positive and 70 negative professionalism behaviors was developed and validated. Subsequently, 23 subject matter experts indicated their level of concern if each negative behavior occurred 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 or more times during a six-month period. These ratings were used to create a “brief” and “extended” professionalism checklist for monitoring physician misconduct. Results: This study confirmed the subjective impression that some unprofessional behaviors are more egregious than others. Fourteen negative behaviors (e.g. displaying obvious signs of substance abuse) were judged to be concerning if they occurred only once, whereas many others (e.g. arriving late for conferences) were judged to be concerning only when they occurred repeatedly. Discussion: Medical educators can use the professionalism checklists developed in this study to aid in the early identification and subsequent remediation of unprofessional behavior in medical students and residents.
Fate and state transitions during human blood vessel organoid development
Creators: name: Nikolova, Marina T.
name: He, Zhisong
name: Wimmer, Reiner A.
name: Seimiya, Makiko
name: Nikoloff, Jonas M.
name: Penninger, Josef M.
name: Camp, J. Gray
name: Treutlein, Barbara
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022
Subjects: Human blood vessel organoid
Single-cell genomics
Single cell perturbation screen
Human development
Arteriovenous specification
Organoid cell atlas

description: Blood vessel organoids (BVOs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells have emerged as a novel system to understand human vascular development, model disorders, and develop regenerative therapies. However, it is unclear which molecular states constitute BVOs and how cells differentiate and self-organize within BVOs in vitro and after transplantation. Here we reconstruct BVO development over a time course using single-cell transcriptomics. We observe progenitor states that bifurcate into endothelial and mural fates, and find that BVOs do not acquire definitive arterio-venous endothelial identities in vitro. Chromatin accessibility profiling identifies gene regulatory network (GRN) features associated with endothelial and mural fate decisions, and transcriptome-coupled lineage recording reveals multipotent progenitor states within BVOs. We perform single-cell genetic perturbations within mosaic BVOs to dissect the impact of transcription factor (TF) and receptor depletion on cell differentiation, and highlight multiple TFs including MECOM and ETV2 as strong-effect regulators of human BVO development. We show that manipulation of VEGF and Notch signaling pathways alters BVO morphogenesis and endothelial GRNs, and induces arteriovenous-like state differentiation. We analyze matured BVOs after transplantation using scRNA-seq, and observe matured endothelium with clear arteriovenous specification. We also observe off-target cell fates with bone and adipocyte features, suggesting multipotent states reside within the BVOs in vitro that expand and diversify in less restrictive conditions. Finally, we map vascular disease associated genes to BVO cell states to highlight the potential of BVOs for disease modeling. Altogether, our data and analyses provide the first comprehensive cell state atlas of BVO development and illuminate both the power and limitation of BVOs for translational research.
description: bioRxiv
VIEshunt: towards a smart shunt system for hydrocephalus patients
Creators: name: Flürenbrock, Fabian
name: Korn, Leonie
name: Schulte, Dominik
name: Podgoršak, Anthony
name: Tachatos, Nikolaos
name: Chomarat, Joris
name: Hug, Janina
name: Hungerland, Tiago
name: Holzer, Caroline
name: Iselin, David
name: Krebs, Luca
name: Weiss, Rosina
name: Oertel, Markus Florian
name: Stieglitz, Lennart
name: Meboldt, Mirko
name: Zeilinger, Melanie
name: Schmid Daners, Marianne
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS, 19 (S1)
description: ISSN:2045-8118
description: Abstracts from Hydrocephalus 2022: the Fourteenth Meeting of the Hydrocephalus Society