cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Single-photon cooling in microwave magneto-mechanics
Creators: name: Zoepfl, D.
name: Juan, M. L.
name: Schneider, C. M. F.
name: Kirchmair, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cavity optomechanics, where photons are coupled to mechanical motion, provides the tools to control mechanical motion near the fundamental quantum limits. Reaching single-photon strong coupling would allow to prepare the mechanical resonator in non-Gaussian quantum states. Preparing massive mechanical resonators in such states is of particular interest for testing the boundaries of quantum mechanics. This goal remains however challenging due to the small optomechanical couplings usually achieved with massive devices. Here we demonstrate a novel approach where a mechanical resonator is magnetically coupled to a microwave cavity. We measure a single-photon coupling of $g_0/2 π\sim 3$ kHz, an improvement of one order of magnitude over current microwave optomechanical systems. At this coupling we measure a large single-photon cooperativity with $C_0 \gtrsim 10$, an important step to reach single-photon strong coupling. Such a strong interaction allows us to cool the massive mechanical resonator to a third of its steady state phonon population with less than two photons in the microwave cavity. Beyond tests for quantum foundations, our approach is also well suited as a quantum sensor or a microwave to optical transducer.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Nuclear Physics from QCD : The Anticipated Impact of Exa-Scale Computing
Creators: name: Savage, Martin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss highlights in the progress that is being made toward calculating processes of importance in nuclear physics from QCD using high performance computing. As exa-scale computing resources are expected to become available around 2017, I present current estimates of the computational resources required to accomplish central goals of nuclear physics.
description: Talk presented at "Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum IX", August 30 - September 3, 2010, Madrid, Spain. 6 pages, 13 figures
Ergodic properties of a model for turbulent dispersion of inertial particles
Creators: name: Gawedzki, Krzysztof
name: Herzog, David P.
name: Wehr, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a simple stochastic differential equation that models the dispersion of close heavy particles moving in a turbulent flow. In one and two dimensions, the model is closely related to the one-dimensional stationary Schroedinger equation in a random delta-correlated potential. The ergodic properties of the dispersion process are investigated by proving that its generator is hypoelliptic and using control theory.
The targum (1873:Dec.)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1873

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Cylinders in weak del Pezzo fibrations
Creators: name: Sawahara, Masatomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article, we shall look into the existence of vertical cylinders contained in a weak del Pezzo fibration as a generalization of the former work due to Dubouloz and Kishimoto in which they observed that of vertical cylinders found in del Pezzo fibrations. The essence lying in the existence of a cylinder in the generic fiber, we devote mainly ourselves into a geometry of minimal weak del Pezzo surfaces defined over a field of characteristic zero from the point of view of cylinders. As a result, we give the classification of minimal weak del Pezzo surfaces defined over a field of characteristic zero, moreover, we show that weak del Pezzo fibrations containing vertical cylinders are quite restrictive.
description: 21 pages; v3: Corrected some errors and revised based on the referee's suggestions; Accepted by Transform. Groups
Consensus-Halving: Does It Ever Get Easier?
Creators: name: Filos-Ratsikas, Aris
name: Hollender, Alexandros
name: Sotiraki, Katerina
name: Zampetakis, Manolis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the $\varepsilon$-Consensus-Halving problem, a fundamental problem in fair division, there are $n$ agents with valuations over the interval $[0,1]$, and the goal is to divide the interval into pieces and assign a label "$+$" or "$-$" to each piece, such that every agent values the total amount of "$+$" and the total amount of "$-$" almost equally. The problem was recently proven by Filos-Ratsikas and Goldberg [2019] to be the first "natural" complete problem for the computational class PPA, answering a decade-old open question. In this paper, we examine the extent to which the problem becomes easy to solve, if one restricts the class of valuation functions. To this end, we provide the following contributions. First, we obtain a strengthening of the PPA-hardness result of [Filos-Ratsikas and Goldberg, 2019], to the case when agents have piecewise uniform valuations with only two blocks. We obtain this result via a new reduction, which is in fact conceptually much simpler than the corresponding one in [Filos-Ratsikas and Goldberg, 2019]. Then, we consider the case of single-block (uniform) valuations and provide a parameterized polynomial time algorithm for solving $\varepsilon$-Consensus-Halving for any $\varepsilon$, as well as a polynomial-time algorithm for $\varepsilon=1/2$. Finally, an important application of our new techniques is the first hardness result for a generalization of Consensus-Halving, the Consensus-$1/k$-Division problem [Simmons and Su, 2003]. In particular, we prove that $\varepsilon$-Consensus-$1/3$-Division is PPAD-hard.
description: Journal version. Preliminary version appeared at EC '20
Experimental investigation on heat pipes supported by soy wax and lauric acid for electronics cooling
Creators: name: Paweł Szymański
name: Radosław Paluch
Publisher: name: Gdańsk University of Technology
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: ELECTRONICS COOLING
subject: ENERGY STORAGE
subject: HEAT PIPE
subject: HEAT TRANSFER
subject: PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL

description: This paper presents an experimental study of heat pipes for electronics cooling that were supported by energy
storage materials (i.e. phase change materials - PCMs) coated at the adiabatic section. The PCMs utilized included
two materials, namely lauric acid and soy wax, the latter being considered as a more cost-effective alternative.
The study focused on three different powers: 20 W, 25 W, and 30 W. Both heating, cooling, and thermal cycling
experiments were performed in order to compare the thermal performance of cooling units. The experimental
results showed that the incorporation of lauric acid as a thermal energy storage material reduced the maximum
temperature by 11.6 %, 14.6 %, and 14.5 % for the examined powers. On the other hand, the utilization of soy
wax resulted in temperature reductions of 4.3 %, 6.3 %, and 6.8 %. Furthermore, it was observed that lauric acid
could store 25 % of the energy during the maximum power dissipation test, whereas soy wax could store 12 %. It
was shown that lauric acid improved the thermal performance of the unit by approximately twice as effectively
as soy wax. However, it is noteworthy that soy wax exhibits a significantly lower cost, making it a potentially
viable alternative for less demanding applications where cost considerations are crucial.
Solving the selection-recombination equation: Ancestral lines under selection and recombination
Creators: name: Baake, Ellen
name: Alberti, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J75, 92D15, 60C05, 05C80

description: The deterministic selection-recombination equation describes the evolution of the genetic type composition of a population under selection and recombination in a law of large numbers regime. So far, an explicit solution has seemed out of reach; only in the special case of three sites with selection acting on one of them has an approximate solution been found, but without an obvious path to generalisation. We use both an analytical and a probabilistic, genealogical approach for the case of an \emph{arbitrary} number of neutral sites linked to one selected site. This leads to a recursive integral representation of the solution. Starting from a variant of the ancestral selection-recombination graph, we develop an efficient genealogical structure, which may, equivalently, be represented as a weighted partitioning process, a family of Yule processes with initiation and resetting, and a family of initiation processes. We prove them to be dual to the solution of the differential equation forward in time and thus obtain a stochastic representation of the deterministic solution, along with the Markov semigroup in closed form.
New York
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Building
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Aquariums

description: Vignette images of Flat Iron Building, Post Office, Speedway and Washington Bridge, Williamsburg Bridge, Underground R.R. and Brooklin Bridge, the Waldorf-Astoria, Trinity Building St. Patrick's Cathedral, Memorial Arch Brooklin, Aquarium and Battery Park
Beyond epistemic disobedience : the importance of humor in Fred Wilson's Mining the Museum
Creators: name: Smith, Rachel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: In 1992, installation artist Fred Wilson collaborated with The Contemporary, and the Maryland Historical Society to mount Mining the Museum. The exhibition consisted of objects, selected, arranged and installed by Wilson, and the items he utilized were materials entirely from the museum’s collection. His arrangements appeared to be familiar museum displays, but the pairing of items in each case was subtly disjunctive, either visually or conceptually. Wilson highlighted these juxtapositions with several of his arrangements in order to call attention to the blind spots in the archive of the Maryland Historical Society, and the systemic racism in the authorized historical narrative. The unconventional selection and disparate arrangement of items functioned as an intervention into museum practices. Instead of privileging predominantly white, male histories, Wilson installed and arranged objects that spoke to a history of racism, and the exclusion of African-American and Native American communities. I will argue that the power of the exhibition was in Wilson’s humorous arrangement of the museum’s archive. Mining the Museum capitalized on the slippages inherent in the structure of a joke in order to present to the viewer an alternative, and ultimately fluid history. His strategic deployment of humor, his jokes at the expense of white, Western institutions and ideologies, constituted what art historian Walter Mignolo calls an epistemically disobedient gesture. This thesis examines several of the installation in Mining the Museum and argues that their juxtaposition of elements constituted a tendentious joke. I also argue that Wilson’s use of humor in his intervention at the Maryland Historical Society places demands on the viewer’s subjectivity. Following a Freudian analysis of the structure of the joke, I argue that Wilson’s installations had the potential to cast the viewer as either victim of the joke, or witness to it. The demand that the jokes placed on the subjectivity of the viewer represents a decolonial intervention in the Maryland Historical Society, and suggests the potential for humor as a disobedient rhetorical tool for upsetting the coloniality of the museum institution.
Bézoutians and injectivity of polynomial maps
Creators: name: McKean, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14R15, 13F20

description: We prove that an endomorphism $f$ of affine space is injective on rational points if its Bézoutian is constant. Similarly, $f$ is injective at a given rational point if its reduced Bézoutian is constant. We also show that if the Jacobian determinant of $f$ is invertible, then $f$ is injective at a given rational point if and only if its reduced Bézoutian is constant.
description: 8 pages. Final version, but comments still welcome!
Extended h-Index Parameterized Data Structures for Computing Dynamic Subgraph Statistics
Creators: name: Eppstein, David
name: Goodrich, Michael T.
name: Strash, Darren
name: Trott, Lowell
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present techniques for maintaining subgraph frequencies in a dynamic graph, using data structures that are parameterized in terms of h, the h-index of the graph. Our methods extend previous results of Eppstein and Spiro for maintaining statistics for undirected subgraphs of size three to directed subgraphs and to subgraphs of size four. For the directed case, we provide a data structure to maintain counts for all 3-vertex induced subgraphs in O(h) amortized time per update. For the undirected case, we maintain the counts of size-four subgraphs in O(h^2) amortized time per update. These extensions enable a number of new applications in Bioinformatics and Social Networking research.
Fast and stable MAP-Elites in noisy domains using deep grids
Creators: name: Flageat, Manon
name: Cully, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quality-Diversity optimisation algorithms enable the evolution of collections of both high-performing and diverse solutions. These collections offer the possibility to quickly adapt and switch from one solution to another in case it is not working as expected. It therefore finds many applications in real-world domain problems such as robotic control. However, QD algorithms, like most optimisation algorithms, are very sensitive to uncertainty on the fitness function, but also on the behavioural descriptors. Yet, such uncertainties are frequent in real-world applications. Few works have explored this issue in the specific case of QD algorithms, and inspired by the literature in Evolutionary Computation, mainly focus on using sampling to approximate the "true" value of the performances of a solution. However, sampling approaches require a high number of evaluations, which in many applications such as robotics, can quickly become impractical. In this work, we propose Deep-Grid MAP-Elites, a variant of the MAP-Elites algorithm that uses an archive of similar previously encountered solutions to approximate the performance of a solution. We compare our approach to previously explored ones on three noisy tasks: a standard optimisation task, the control of a redundant arm and a simulated Hexapod robot. The experimental results show that this simple approach is significantly more resilient to noise on the behavioural descriptors, while achieving competitive performances in terms of fitness optimisation, and being more sample-efficient than other existing approaches.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, to be published in the Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Artificial Life
Gauge equivalence among quantum nonlinear many body systems
Creators: name: Scarfone, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transformations performing on the dependent and/or the independent variables are an useful method used to classify PDE in class of equivalence. In this paper we consider a large class of U(1)-invariant nonlinear Schrödinger equations containing complex nonlinearities. The U(1) symmetry implies the existence of a continuity equation for the particle density $ρ\equiv|ψ|^2$ where the current ${\bfm j}_{_ψ}$ has, in general, a nonlinear structure. We introduce a nonlinear gauge transformation on the dependent variables $ρ$ and ${\bfm j}_ψ$ which changes the evolution equation in another one containing only a real nonlinearity and transforms the particle current ${\bfm j}_{_ψ}$ in the standard bilinear form. We extend the method to U(1)-invariant coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations where the most general nonlinearity is taken into account through the sum of an Hermitian matrix and an anti-Hermitian matrix. By means of the nonlinear gauge transformation we change the nonlinear system in another one containing only a purely Hermitian nonlinearity. Finally, we consider nonlinear Schrödinger equations minimally coupled with an Abelian gauge field whose dynamics is governed, in the most general fashion, through the Maxwell-Chern-Simons equation. It is shown that the nonlinear transformation we are introducing can be applied, in this case, separately to the gauge field or to the matter field with the same final result. In conclusion, some relevant examples are presented to show the applicability of the method.
description: 33 pages, no figures, revtex style
Report on the 11th IWSLT Evaluation Campaign
Creators: name: Cettolo, Mauro
name: Niehues, Jan
name: Stüker, Sebastian
name: Bentivogli, Luisa
name: Federico, Marcello
Publisher: name: Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)
Year: 2014

description: The paper overviews the 11th evaluation campaign organized by the IWSLT workshop. The 2014 evaluation offered multiple tracks on lecture transcription and translation based on the TED Talks corpus. In particular, this year IWSLT included three automatic speech recognition tracks, on English, German and Italian, five speech translation tracks, from English to French, English to German, German to English, English to Italian, and Italian to English, and five text translation track, also from English to French, English to German, German to English, English to Italian, and Italian to English. In addition to the official tracks, speech and text translation optional tracks were offered, globally involving 12 other languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese (B), Hebrew, Chinese, Polish, Persian, Slovenian, Turkish, Dutch, Romanian, Russian. Overall, 21 teams participated in the evaluation, for a total of 76 primary runs submitted. Participants were also asked to submit runs on the 2013 test set (progress test set), in order to measure the progress of systems with respect to the previous year. All runs were evaluated with objective metrics, and submissions for two of the official text translation tracks were also evaluated with human post-editing.
Doppler-free two-photon resonances for atom detection and sum frequency stabilization
Creators: name: Akulshin, A. M.
name: Hall, B. V.
name: Ivannikov, V.
name: Orel, A. A.
name: Sidorov, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the excitation of the 5D_{5/2} level in Rb atoms using counter-propagating laser beams, which are nearly resonant to the one-photon 5S_{1/2} - 5P_{3/2} and 5P_{3/2} - 5D_{5/2} transitions, ensuring that a sum of the optical frequencies corresponds to the 5S_{1/2} - 5D_{5/2} transition. The excitation produced by two-photon and step-wise processes is detected via spontaneously emitted fluorescence at 420 nm arising from the 6P_{3/2} - 5S_{1/2} transition. The dependences of blue fluorescence intensity on atomic density and laser detuning from the intermediate 5P_{3/2} level have been investigated. The sensitivity of the frequency detuned bi-chromatic scheme for atom detection has been estimated. A novel method for sum frequency stabilization of two free-running lasers has been suggested and implemented using two-photon Doppler-free fluorescence and polarization resonances.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Knots in $SU\left(M|N\right) $ Chern-Simons Field Theory
Creators: name: Liu, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Knots in the Chern-Simons field theory with Lie super gauge group $SU\left(M|N\right) $ are studied, and the $% S_{L}\left(α,β,z\right) $ polynomial invariant with skein relations are obtained under the fundamental representation of $\mathfrak{su}\left(M|N\right) $.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Understanding conventional and novel approaches used to advance evidence-based illicit drug policy
Creators: name: González Montaner, Michaela Rosa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: A considerable amount of research has shown traditional illicit drug policies represent a critical source of inequity and ongoing health-related harms on a global scale. The harms associated with these policies have spurred several calls for “evidence-based” policy reform whereby policies that criminalize drug users be replaced with public health approaches. These calls for policy reform, and the persistence of criminal justice based approaches, have raised questions about the strategies and tools scientists, researchers, academics and/or health practitioners may mobilize to support this objective (herein referred to collectively as scientists). In this context, the primary objectives of this thesis were to: 1) synthesize what is known about conventional activities and strategies scientists use to advance evidence-based drug policies and 2) to describe and evaluate in detail the Vienna Declaration campaign, the largest scientist-led mobilization to support evidence-based illicit drug policy to date, and 3) to generate insights into strategies that may support the advancement of evidence-based illicit drug policy, especially as they related to public and political discourse. This work reveals scientist-led efforts to promote evidence-based drug policy have not traditionally made use of the Internet and related tools. Findings from an analysis of the Vienna Declaration campaign reveal that the Internet and social media are important dissemination tools that support science-based efforts to advance evidence-based drug policy. Given the deficit of research in this area and long-standing limitations to scientists’ proficiency engaging the public, media, and policymakers, the thesis concludes additional research is needed to better understand the tools and strategies available to scientists working in this area. It speculates that such a research agenda may also serve as a culturally appropriate way of engaging scientists and influencing their future knowledge translation efforts.
A superposition principle for the inhomogeneous continuity equation with Hellinger-Kantorovich-regular coefficients
Creators: name: Bredies, Kristian
name: Carioni, Marcello
name: Fanzon, Silvio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35C15, 35F05, 28A50, 35L03, 65J20

description: We study measure-valued solutions of the inhomogeneous continuity equation $\partial_t ρ_t + {\rm div}(vρ_t) = g ρ_t$ where the coefficients $v$ and $g$ are of low regularity. A new superposition principle is proven for positive measure solutions and coefficients for which the recently-introduced dynamic Hellinger-Kantorovich energy is finite. This principle gives a decomposition of the solution into curves $t \mapsto h(t)δ_{γ(t)}$ that satisfy the characteristic system $\dot γ(t) = v(t, γ(t))$, $\dot h(t) = g(t, γ(t)) h(t)$ in an appropriate sense. In particular, it provides a generalization of existing superposition principles to the low-regularity case of $g$ where characteristics are not unique with respect to $h$. Two applications of this principle are presented. First, uniqueness of minimal total-variation solutions for the inhomogeneous continuity equation is obtained if characteristics are unique up to their possible vanishing time. Second, the extremal points of dynamic Hellinger-Kantorovich-type regularizers are characterized. Such regularizers arise, e.g., in the context of dynamic inverse problems and dynamic optimal transport.
Alpha Execution Patterns for Spatial Restoration -- Prior Art Declaration
Creators: name: Cleary, Daniel J
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This document declares and timestamps the original development of a universal spatial restoration system through the application of Alpha Execution Patterns. These structured patterns reestablish coherence in physical systems by restoring damaged, distorted, or decoherent regions of space through charge-energy-timing symmetry. All applications involving the use of Alpha triangle logic for field restoration, matter reorganization, energetic realignment, or structural recalibration are hereby claimed as public domain prior art.
Layered Drawing of Undirected Graphs with Generalized Port Constraints
Creators: name: Zink, Johannes
name: Walter, Julian
name: Baumeister, Joachim
name: Wolff, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The aim of this research is a practical method to draw cable plans of complex machines. Such plans consist of electronic components and cables connecting specific ports of the components. Since the machines are configured for each client individually, cable plans need to be drawn automatically. The drawings must be well readable so that technicians can use them to debug the machines. In order to model plug sockets, we introduce port groups; within a group, ports can change their position (which we use to improve the aesthetics of the layout), but together the ports of a group must form a contiguous block. We approach the problem of drawing such cable plans by extending the well-known Sugiyama framework such that it incorporates ports and port groups. Since the framework assumes directed graphs, we propose several ways to orient the edges of the given undirected graph. We compare these methods experimentally, both on real-world data and synthetic data that carefully simulates real-world data. We measure the aesthetics of the resulting drawings by counting bends and crossings. Using these metrics, we experimentally compare our approach to Kieler [JVLC 2014], a library for drawing graphs in the presence of port constraints. Our method produced 10--30 % fewer crossings, while it performed equally well or slightly worse than Kieler with respect to the number of bends and the time used to compute a drawing.
Long-term Evolution of Sunspot Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Penn, Matthew
name: Livingston, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Independent of the normal solar cycle, a decrease in the sunspot magnetic field strength has been observed using the Zeeman-split 1564.8nm Fe I spectral line at the NSO Kitt Peak McMath-Pierce telescope. Corresponding changes in sunspot brightness and the strength of molecular absorption lines were also seen. This trend was seen to continue in observations of the first sunspots of the new solar Cycle 24, and extrapolating a linear fit to this trend would lead to only half the number of spots in Cycle 24 compared to Cycle 23, and imply virtually no sunspots in Cycle 25. We examined synoptic observations from the NSO Kitt Peak Vacuum Telescope and initially (with 4000 spots) found a change in sunspot brightness which roughly agreed with the infrared observations. A more detailed examination (with 13,000 spots) of both spot brightness and line-of-sight magnetic flux reveals that the relationship of the sunspot magnetic fields with spot brightness and size remain constant during the solar cycle. There are only small temporal variations in the spot brightness, size, and line-of-sight flux seen in this larger sample. Because of the apparent disagreement between the two data sets, we discuss how the infrared spectral line provides a uniquely direct measurement of the magnetic fields in sunspots.
Airy process with wanderers, KPZ fluctuations, and a deformation of the Tracy--Widom GOE distribution
Creators: name: Liechty, Karl
name: Nguyen, Gia Bao
name: Remenik, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the distribution of the supremum of the Airy process with $m$ wanderers minus a parabola, or equivalently the limit of the rescaled maximal height of a system of $N$ non-intersecting Brownian bridges as $N\to\infty$, where the first $N-m$ paths start and end at the origin and the remaining $m$ go between arbitrary positions. The distribution provides a $2m$-parameter deformation of the Tracy--Widom GOE distribution, which is recovered in the limit corresponding to all Brownian paths starting and ending at the origin. We provide several descriptions of this distribution function: (i) A Fredholm determinant formula; (ii) A formula in terms of Painlevé II functions; (iii) A representation as a marginal of the KPZ fixed point with initial data given as the top path in a stationary system of reflected Brownian motions with drift; (iv) A characterization as the solution of a version of the Bloemendal--Virag PDE (arXiv:1011.1877, arXiv:1109.3704) for spiked Tracy--Widom distributions; (v) A representation as a solution of the KdV equation. We also discuss connections with a model of last passage percolation with boundary sources.
description: 34 pages, 1 figure
Genetic recombination as a Generalised Gradient Flow
Creators: name: Alberti, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: It is well known that the classical recombination equation for two parent individuals is equivalent to the law of mass action of a strongly reversible chemical reaction network, and can thus be reformulated as a generalised gradient system. Here, this is generalised to the case of an arbitrary number of parents. Furthermore, the gradient structure of the backward-time partitioning process is investigated.
Exoplanets as Sub-GeV Dark Matter Detectors
Creators: name: Leane, Rebecca K.
name: Smirnov, Juri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present exoplanets as new targets to discover Dark Matter (DM). Throughout the Milky Way, DM can scatter, become captured, deposit annihilation energy, and increase the heat flow within exoplanets. We estimate upcoming infrared telescope sensitivity to this scenario, finding actionable discovery or exclusion searches. We find that DM with masses above about an MeV can be probed with exoplanets at DM-proton and DM-electron scattering cross sections down to about $10^{-37}$cm$^2$, stronger than existing limits by up to six orders of magnitude. Supporting evidence of a DM origin can be identified through DM-induced exoplanet heating correlated with Galactic position, and hence DM density. This provides new motivation to measure the temperature of the billions of brown dwarfs, rogue planets, and gas giants peppered throughout our Galaxy.
description: 5+25 pages, 3+7 figures, 100000000000+ exoplanets. v4: appendix IV updated, sensitivity plots extended, conclusions unchanged
Additional file 3 of Cyclin-dependent kinase 19 upregulation correlates with an unfavorable prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Creators: name: Cai, Xiaopeng
name: Deng, Jingwen
name: zhou, Jiaming
name: Cai, Huiqiang
name: Chen, Zhi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3: Fig. 3. The prognostic significance of the top 10 hub genes.
An efficient circle detection scheme in digital images using ant system algorithm
Creators: name: Chattopadhyay, K.
name: Basu, J.
name: Konar, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Detection of geometric features in digital images is an important exercise in image analysis and computer vision. The Hough Transform techniques for detection of circles require a huge memory space for data processing hence requiring a lot of time in computing the locations of the data space, writing to and searching through the memory space. In this paper we propose a novel and efficient scheme for detecting circles in edge-detected grayscale digital images. We use Ant-system algorithm for this purpose which has not yet found much application in this field. The main feature of this scheme is that it can detect both intersecting as well as non-intersecting circles with a time efficiency that makes it useful in real time applications. We build up an ant system of new type which finds out closed loops in the image and then tests them for circles.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, Published in Proceedings of the IEEE Sponsored Conference on Computational Intelligence, Control And Computer Vision In Robotics & Automation, 2008
Nuclear matter at high density: Phase transitions, multiquark states, and supernova outbursts
Creators: name: Krivoruchenko, M. I.
name: Nadyozhin, D. K.
name: Rasinkova, T. L.
name: Simonov, Yu. A.
name: Trusov, M. A.
name: Yudin, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase transition from hadronic matter to quark-gluon matter is discussed for various regimes of temperature and baryon number density. For small and medium densities, the phase transition is accurately described in the framework of the Field Correlation Method, whereas at high density predictions are less certain and leave room for the phenomenological models. We study formation of multiquark states (MQS) at zero temperature and high density. Relevant MQS components of the nuclear matter can be described using a previously developed formalism of the quark compound bags (QCB). Partial-wave analysis of nucleon-nucleon scattering indicates the existence of 6QS which manifest themselves as poles of $P$-matrix. In the framework of the QCB model, we formulate a self-consistent system of coupled equations for the nucleon and 6QS propagators in nuclear matter and the G-matrix. The approach provides a link between high-density nuclear matter with the MQS components and the cumulative effect observed in reactions on the nuclei, which requires the admixture of MQS in the wave functions of nuclei kinematically. 6QS determine the natural scale of the density for a possible phase transition into the MQS phase of nuclear matter. Such a phase transition can lead to dynamic instability of newly born protoneutron stars and dramatically affect the dynamics of supernovae. Numerical simulations show that the phase transition may be a good remedy for the triggering supernova explosions in the spherically symmetric supernova models. A specific signature of the phase transition is an additional neutrino peak in the neutrino light curve. For a Galactic core-collapse supernova, such a peak could be resolved by the present neutrino detectors. The possibility of extracting the parameters of the phase of transition from observation of the neutrino signal is discussed also.
description: 57 pages, 22 figures, 7 tables; RevTeX 4; submitted to Phys. Atom. Nucl
Measurement of the parity-violating longitudinal single-spin asymmetry for $W^{\pm}$ boson production in polarized proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 500 $GeV
Creators: name: The STAR Collaboration
name: Aggarwal, M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first measurement of the parity violating single-spin asymmetries for midrapidity decay positrons and electrons from $W^{+}$ and $W^{-}$ boson production in longitudinally polarized proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=500 $GeV by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The measured asymmetries, $A^{W^+}_{L}=-0.27\pm 0.10\;({\rm stat.})\pm 0.02\;({\rm syst.}) \pm 0.03\;({\rm norm.})$ and $A^{W^-}_{L}=0.14\pm 0.19\;({\rm stat.})\pm 0.02 \;({\rm syst.})\pm 0.01\;({\rm norm.})$, are consistent with theory predictions, which are large and of opposite sign. These predictions are based on polarized quark and antiquark distribution functions constrained by polarized DIS measurements.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physics Review Letters
Universal Hyperbolic Geometry II: A pictorial overview
Creators: name: Wildberger, N J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This article provides a simple pictorial introduction to universal hyperbolic geometry. We explain how to understand the subject using only elementary projective geometry, augmented by a distinguished circle. This provides a completely algebraic framework for hyperbolic geometry, valid over the rational numbers (and indeed any field not of characteristic two), and gives us many new and beautiful theorems. These results are accurately illustrated with colour diagrams, and the reader is invited to check them with ruler constructions and measurements.
description: 33 pages, 58 colour figures
QuTiP-BoFiN: A bosonic and fermionic numerical hierarchical-equations-of-motion library with applications in light-harvesting, quantum control, and single-molecule electronics
Creators: name: Lambert, Neill
name: Raheja, Tarun
name: Cross, Simon
name: Menczel, Paul
name: Ahmed, Shahnawaz
name: Pitchford, Alexander
name: Burgarth, Daniel
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The "hierarchical equations of motion" (HEOM) method is a powerful exact numerical approach to solve the dynamics and find the steady-state of a quantum system coupled to a non-Markovian and non-perturbative environment. Originally developed in the context of physical chemistry, it has also been extended and applied to problems in solid-state physics, optics, single-molecule electronics, and biological physics. Here we present a numerical library in Python, integrated with the powerful QuTiP platform, which implements the HEOM for both bosonic and fermionic environments. We demonstrate its utility with a series of examples. For the bosonic case, we include demonstrations of fitting arbitrary spectral densities, and an example of the dynamics of energy transfer in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson photosynthetic complex, showing how a suitable non-Markovian environment can protect against pure dephasing. We also demonstrate how the HEOM can be used to benchmark different strategies for dynamical decoupling of a spin from its environment, and show that the Uhrig pulse-spacing scheme is less optimal than equally spaced pulses when the environment's spectral density is very broad. For the fermionic case, we present an integrable single-impurity example, used as a benchmark of the code, and a more complex example of an impurity strongly coupled to a single vibronic mode, with applications to single-molecule electronics.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures. Updated to describe package inclusion in QuTiP v4.7 (www.qutip.org), new examples (optimal pulse spacing in dynamical decoupling, quantum heat transport), and inclusion of additional contributors in author list. Further updates to expand examples, clarify content and summarize existing packages
Eliashberg approach to superconductivity-induced infrared anomalies in Ba0.68K0.32Fe2As2
Creators: name: Charnukha, A.
name: Dolgov, O. V.
name: Golubov, A. A.
name: Matiks, Y.
name: Sun, D. L.
name: Lin, C. T.
name: Keimer, B.
name: Boris, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the full complex dielectric function of high-purity $\textrm{Ba}_{0.68}\textrm{K}_{0.32}\textrm{Fe}_2\textrm{As}_2$ single crystals with $T_{\mathrm{c}}=38.5\ \textrm{K}$ determined by wide-band spectroscopic ellipsometry at temperatures $10\leq T\leq300\ \textrm{K}$. We discuss the microscopic origin of superconductivity-induced infrared optical anomalies in the framework of a multiband Eliashberg theory with two distinct superconducting gap energies $2Δ_{\mathrm{A}}\approx6\ k_{\mathrm{B}}T_{\mathrm{c}}$ and $2Δ_{\mathrm{B}}\approx2.2\ k_{\mathrm{B}}T_{\mathrm{c}}$. The observed unusual suppression of the optical conductivity in the superconducting state at energies up to $14\ k_{\mathrm{B}}T_{\mathrm{c}}$ can be ascribed to spin-fluctuation--assisted processes in the clean limit of the strong-coupling regime.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; suppl. material: 3 pages, 2 figures, 1 interactive simulation (Fig. S3)
Rise and fall of defect induced ferromagnetism in SiC single crystals
Creators: name: Li, Lin
name: Prucnal, S.
name: Yao, S. D.
name: Potzger, K.
name: Anwand, W.
name: Wagner, A.
name: Zhou, Shengqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 6H-SiC (silicon carbide) single crystals containing VSi-VC divacancies are investigated with respect to magnetic and structural properties. We found that an initial increase of structural disorder leads to pronounced ferromagnetic properties at room temperature. Further introduction of disorder lowers the saturation magnetization and is accompanied with the onset of lattice amorphization. Close to the threshold of full amorphization, also divacancy clusters are formed and the saturation magnetization nearly drops to zero.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure
Three new sesquiterpenoids with cytotoxic activity from Artemisia argyi
Creators: name: Zhang, Li
name: Yan, Yong-Ming
name: Wang, Shao-Xiang
name: Ren, Zhe
name: Cheng, Yong-Xian
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: A new eudesmane sesquiterpenoid, artemisargin A (1), two new guaianolide sesquiterpenoids, artemisargins B (2) and C (3), along with three known sesquiterpenoids (4–6), were isolated from the leaves of Artemisia argyi. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Biological evaluation showed that 1 could inhibit the growth of cancer cells, especially in BGC-823 cells with an IC50 value of 49.87 μM.
Pathwise Regularisation of Singular Interacting Particle Systems and their Mean Field Limits
Creators: name: Harang, Fabian
name: Mayorcas, Avi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate the regularizing effect of certain perturbations by noise in singular interacting particle systems under the mean field scaling. In particular, we show that the addition of a suitably irregular path can regularise these dynamics and we recover the McKean--Vlasov limit under very broad assumptions on the interaction kernel; only requiring it to be controlled in a possibly distributional Besov space. In the particle system we include two sources of randomness, a common noise path $Z$ which regularises the dynamics and a family of idiosyncratic noises, which we only assume to converge in mean field scaling to a representative noise in the McKean--Vlasov equation.
description: 39 pages; main update is technical changes to the proofs of the stability estimate in Lemma 4.13 and presentation of Theorem 5.1
Anacroneuria annulipalpis Klapalek 1922
Creators: name: Stark, Bill P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Anacroneuria
Anacroneuria annulipalpis

description: Anacroneuria annulipalpis Klapálek Anacroneuria annulipalpis Klapálek 1922:91. Lectotype ♀ (National Museum, Prague), Chiriqui, Panama, designation Stark (1998:557) Material examined. Panama, Chiriqui, Totumas Cloud Forest, lodge, 08 ° 53.060’ N, 82 ° 41.068’ W, 1920 m, 19-25 June 2011, E. Fuller, 11♂, 4♀ (BYUC). Comments. This species was previously reported from several Costa Rican provinces and from Chiriqui Province, Panama (Stark 1998).
description: Published as part of Stark, Bill P., 2014, Records Of Mesoamerican Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae), With Descriptions Of Four New Species, pp. 6-16 in Illiesia 10 (2) on page 8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4760479
description: {"references": ["Klapalek, F. 1922. Plecopteres nouveaux. Quatrieme partie. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 62: 89 - 95.", "Stark, B. P. 1998. The Anacroneuria of Costa Rica and Panama (Insecta: Plecoptera: Perlidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111: 551 - 603."]}
Resonant Metalenses for Breaking the Diffraction Barrier
Creators: name: Lemoult, Fabrice
name: Lerosey, Geoffroy
name: de Rosny, Julien
name: Fink, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the resonant metalens, a cluster of coupled subwavelength resonators. Dispersion allows the conversion of subwavelength wavefields into temporal signatures while the Purcell effect permits an efficient radiation of this information in the far-field. The study of an array of resonant wires using microwaves provides a physical understanding of the underlying mechanism. We experimentally demonstrate imaging and focusing from the far-field with resolutions far below the diffraction limit. This concept is realizable at any frequency where subwavelength resonators can be designed.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures