Pre-Supernova Alert System for Super-Kamiokande
Creators: name: Kamiokande Collaboration
name: Machado, L. N.
name: Abe, K.
name: Hayato, Y.
name: Hiraide, K.
name: Ieki, K.
name: Ikeda, M.
name: Kameda, J.
name: Kanemura, Y.
name: Kaneshima, R.
name: Kashiwagi, Y.
name: Kataoka, Y.
name: Miki, S.
name: Mine, S.
name: Miura, M.
name: Moriyama, S.
name: Nakano, Y.
name: Nakahata, M.
name: Nakayama, S.
name: Noguchi, Y.
name: Okamoto, K.
name: Sato, K.
name: Sekiya, H.
name: Shiba, H.
name: Shimizu, K.
name: Shiozawa, M.
name: Sonoda, Y.
name: Suzuki, Y.
name: Takeda, A.
name: Takemoto, Y.
name: Takenaka, A.
name: Tanaka, H.
name: Watanabe, S.
name: Yano, T.
name: de Perio, P.
name: Martens, K.
name: Vagins, M. R.
name: Bian, J.
name: Griskevich, N. J.
name: Kropp, W. R.
name: Locke, S.
name: Smy, M. B.
name: Sobel, H. W.
name: Takhistov, V.
name: Yankelevich, A.
name: Han, S.
name: Kajita, T.
name: Okumura, K.
name: Tashiro, T.
name: Tomiya, T.
name: Wang, X.
name: Xia, J.
name: Yoshida, S.
name: Megias, G. D.
name: Fernandez, P.
name: Labarga, L.
name: Ospina, N.
name: Zaldivar, B.
name: Pointon, B. W.
name: Akutsu, R.
name: Gousy-Leblanc, V.
name: Hartz, M.
name: Konaka, A.
name: Prouse, N. W.
name: Kearns, E.
name: Raaf, J. L.
name: Wan, L.
name: Wester, T.
name: Hill, J.
name: Kim, J. Y.
name: Lim, I. T.
name: Park, R. G.
name: Bodur, B.
name: Scholberg, K.
name: Walter, C. W.
name: Bernard, L.
name: Coffani, A.
name: Drapier, O.
name: Hedri, S. El
name: Giampaolo, A.
name: Mueller, Th. A.
name: Santos, A. D.
name: Paganini, P.
name: Quilain, B.
name: Ishizuka, T.
name: Nakamura, T.
name: Jang, J. S.
name: Learned, J. G.
name: Cao, S.
name: Choi, K.
name: Anthony, L. H. V.
name: Martin, D.
name: Scott, M.
name: Sztuc, A. A.
name: Uchida, Y.
name: Berardi, V.
name: Catanesi, M. G.
name: Radicioni, E.
name: Calabria, N. F.
name: De Rosa, G.
name: Collazuol, G.
name: Iacob, F.
name: Lamoureux, M.
name: Mattiazzi, M.
name: Ludovici, L.
name: Gonin, M.
name: Pronost, G.
name: Fujisawa, C.
name: Maekawa, Y.
name: Nishimura, Y.
name: Sasaki, R.
name: Friend, M.
name: Hasegawa, T.
name: Ishida, T.
name: Jakkapu, M.
name: Kobayashi, T.
name: Matsubara, T.
name: Nakadaira, T.
name: Nakamura, K.
name: Oyama, Y.
name: Sakashita, K.
name: Sekiguchi, T.
name: Tsukamoto, T.
name: Boschi, T.
name: Di Lodovico, F.
name: Gao, J.
name: Goldsack, A.
name: Katori, T.
name: Migenda, J.
name: Taani, M.
name: Zsoldos, S.
name: Kotsar, Y.
name: Ozaki, H.
name: Suzuki, A. T.
name: Takeuchi, Y.
name: Yaamoto, S.
name: Bronner, C.
name: Feng, J.
name: Kikawa, T.
name: Mori, M.
name: Nakaya, T.
name: Wendell, R. A.
name: Yasutome, K.
name: Jenkins, S. J.
name: McCauley, N.
name: Mehta, P.
name: Tsui, K. M.
name: Fukuda, Y.
name: Itow, Y.
name: Menjo, H.
name: Ninomiya, K.
name: Lagoda, J.
name: Lakshmi, S. M.
name: Mandal, M.
name: Mijakowski, P.
name: Prabhu, Y. S.
name: Zalipska, J.
name: Jia, M.
name: Jiang, J.
name: Jung, C. K.
name: Wilking, M. J.
name: Yanagisawa, C.
name: Harada, M.
name: Ishino, H.
name: Ito, S.
name: Kitagawa, H.
name: Koshio, Y.
name: Ma, W.
name: Nakanishi, F.
name: Sakai, S.
name: Barr, G.
name: Barrow, D.
name: Cook, L.
name: Samani, S.
name: Wark, D.
name: Nova, F.
name: Yang, J. Y.
name: Malek, M.
name: McElwee, J. M.
name: Stone, O.
name: Thiesse, M. D.
name: Thompson, L. F.
name: Okazawa, H.
name: Kim, S. B.
name: Seo, J. W.
name: Yu, I.
name: Ichikawa, A. K.
name: Nakamura, K. D.
name: Tairafune, S.
name: Nishijima, K.
name: Iwamoto, K.
name: Nakagiri, K.
name: Nakajima, Y.
name: Taniuchi, N.
name: Yokoyama, M.
name: Izumiyama, S.
name: Kuze, M.
name: Inomoto, M.
name: Ishitsuka, M.
name: Ito, H.
name: Kinoshita, T.
name: Matsumoto, R.
name: Ommura, Y.
name: Shigeta, N.
name: Shinoki, M.
name: Suganuma, T.
name: Yonenaga, M.
name: Martin, J. F.
name: Tanaka, H. A.
name: Towstego, T.
name: Chen, S.
name: Xu, B. D.
name: Zhang, B.
name: Posiadala-Zezula, M.
name: Hadley, D.
name: Nicholson, M.
name: O'Flaherty, M.
name: Richards, B.
name: Ali, A.
name: Jamieson, B.
name: Marti, Ll.
name: Minamino, A.
name: Pintaudi, G.
name: Sano, S.
name: Suzuki, S.
name: Wada, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 2020, the Super-Kamiokande (SK) experiment moved to a new stage (SK-Gd) in which gadolinium (Gd) sulfate octahydrate was added to the water in the detector, enhancing the efficiency to detect thermal neutrons and consequently improving the sensitivity to low energy electron anti-neutrinos from inverse beta decay (IBD) interactions. SK-Gd has the potential to provide early alerts of incipient core-collapse supernovae through detection of electron anti-neutrinos from thermal and nuclear processes responsible for the cooling of massive stars before the gravitational collapse of their cores. These pre-supernova neutrinos emitted during the silicon burning phase can exceed the energy threshold for IBD reactions. We present the sensitivity of SK-Gd to pre-supernova stars and the techniques used for the development of a pre-supernova alarm based on the detection of these neutrinos in SK, as well as prospects for future SK-Gd phases with higher concentrations of Gd. For the current SK-Gd phase, high-confidence alerts for Betelgeuse could be issued up to nine hours in advance of the core-collapse itself.
description: 20 pages