cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Screening and virulence of Iranian isolates of Beauveria bassiana for potential management of Sunn Pest (Eurygaster integriceps Puton) in relation to cold activity
Creators: name: Parsi, Farzaneh
name: Peighami Ashnaei, Samira
name: Shahroukhi Khaneghah, Shahram
Publisher: name: Italian Journal of Mycology
Year: 2023

description: Environmental abiotic factors, such as low temperatures, restrict the application of entomopathogenic fungi well-known biological control agents against agricultural pests. Among 60 Iranian isolates collected in Central Iran that were exposed to cold stress, four isolates were identified as potential candidates for further investigation. One hundred percent of the conidia of these four isolates germinated and subsequently produced conidia. Their virulence against Sunn Pest (Eurygaster integriceps Puton) varied between isolates. After applying cold stress (4 °C), Vesh 1-8 isolate with sporulation of 6.5 × 10 7 conidia mL-1, 50% mortality and LT in 3/4 days was the most cold-tolerant isolate. Cold-active germination and growth of the biocontrol fungal isolates are important to industrialize the products with a high potential against target pests in different environmental conditions.
description: Italian Journal of Mycology, Vol. 52 (2023)
Trichothecenes B and ergosterol content evaluation in mature grains of durum wheat genotypes contaminated by Fusarium culmorum
Creators: name: Hadjout, Salah
name: Zouidi, Mohamed
Publisher: name: Italian Journal of Mycology
Year: 2023

description: The interest of this present work is to compare two selected durum wheat lines (G1 and G4) with their sensitive parents to fusarium head blight by determining the mycotoxin and ergosterol content in their mature grains. These lines are homozygous, fixed, obtained by the classical genealogical selection, and composed of seeds from diallel crosses between 4 parental varieties Saadi, Simeto, Ardente, and Waha. For this purpose, the grains of the studied genotypes (lines and parental varieties) were tested in the laboratory for their content of Trichothecenes B mycotoxins (TCTB) and ergosterol at full grain maturity using high-performance liquid chromatographic – diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Fungal biomass was estimated by the content of ergosterol. However, the level of toxins was assessed by the levels of TCTB produced by the different studied isolates. The results obtained showed that the lines derived from crosses and, especially the G1 line, accumulated levels of TCTB and ergosterol significantly lower than their parents. Our findings open up a new avenue of investigation into fusarium head blight in Algeria, including the search for mycotoxins as potential causes of poorly understood human diseases and the factors that contribute to their accumulation in grains.
description: Italian Journal of Mycology, Vol. 52 (2023)
Eradication of neuroblastoma by T cells redirected with an optimized GD2-specific chimeric antigen receptor and interleukin-15
Creators: name: Dotti, G.
name: Chen, Y.
name: Savoldo, B.
name: Sun, C.
name: Metelitsa, L.
name: Landoni, E.
Publisher: name: American Association for Cancer Research Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Purpose: A delay in encountering the cognate antigen while in the circulation, and the suboptimal costimulation received at the tumor site are key reasons for the limited activity of chimeric antigen receptor–redirected T cells (CAR-T) in solid tumors. We have explored the benefits of incorporating the IL15 cytokine within the CAR cassette to provide both a survival signal before antigen encounter, and an additional cytokine signaling at the tumor site using a neuroblastoma tumor model. Experimental Design: We optimized the construct for the CAR specific for the NB-antigen GD2 without (GD2.CAR) or with IL15 (GD2.CAR.15). We then compared the expansion, phenotype, and antitumor activity of T cells transduced with these constructs against an array of neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo using a xenogeneic metastatic model of neuroblastoma. Results: We observed that optimized GD2.CAR.15-Ts have reduced expression of the PD-1 receptor, are enriched in stem cell–like cells, and have superior antitumor activity upon repetitive tumor exposures in vitro and in vivo as compared with GD2.CAR-Ts. Tumor rechallenge experiments in vivo further highlighted the role of IL15 in promoting enhanced CAR-T antitumor activity and survival, both in the peripheral blood and tissues. Finally, the inclusion of the inducible caspase-9 gene (iC9) safety switch warranted effective on demand elimination of the engineered GD2. CAR.15-Ts. Conclusions: Our results guide new therapeutic options for GD2.CAR-Ts in patients with neuroblastoma, and CAR-T development for a broad range of solid tumors.
Existence of a lower bound for the distance between point masses of relative equilibria for generalised quasi-homogeneous $n$-body problems and the curved $n$-body problem
Creators: name: Tibboel, Pieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that if for relative equilibrium solutions of a generalisation of quasi-homogeneous $n$-body problems the masses and rotation are given, then the minimum distance between the point masses of such a relative equilibrium has a universal lower bound that is not equal to zero. We furthermore prove that the set of such relative equilibria is compact and prove related results for $n$-body problems in spaces of constant Gaussian curvature.
NKT cells coexpressing a GD2-specific chimeric antigen receptor and IL15 show enhanced in vivo persistence and antitumor activity against neuroblastoma
Creators: name: Chen, Y.
name: Huang, W.
name: Jin, J.
name: Savoldo, B.
name: Barragan, G.A.
name: Liu, D.
name: Metelitsa, L.S.
name: Xu, X.
name: Wood, M.
name: Courtney, A.N.
name: Guo, L.
name: Liu, B.
name: Di Pierro, E.J.
name: Ngai, H.
name: Dotti, G.
name: Heczey, A.
name: Hicks, J.
Publisher: name: American Association for Cancer Research Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Purpose: Va24-invariant natural killer T cells (NKT) are attractive carriers for chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) due to their inherent antitumor properties and preferential localization to tumor sites. However, limited persistence of CAR-NKTs in tumor-bearing mice is associated with tumor recurrence. Here, we evaluated whether coexpression of the NKT homeostatic cytokine IL15 with a CAR enhances the in vivo persistence and therapeutic efficacy of CAR-NKTs. Experimental Design: Human primary NKTs were ex vivo expanded and transduced with CAR constructs containing an optimized GD2-specific single-chain variable fragment and either the CD28 or 4-1BB costimulatory endodomain, each with or without IL15 (GD2.CAR or GD2.CAR.15). Constructs that mediated robust CAR-NKT cell expansion were selected for further functional evaluation in vitro and in xenogeneic mouse models of neuroblastoma. Results: Coexpression of IL15 with either costimulatory domain increased CAR-NKT absolute numbers. However, constructs containing 4-1BB induced excessive activation-induced cell death and reduced numeric expansion of NKTs compared with respective CD28-based constructs. Further evaluation of CD28-based GD2.CAR and GD2. CAR.15 showed that coexpression of IL15 led to reduced expression levels of exhaustion markers in NKTs and increased multiround in vitro tumor cell killing. Following transfer into mice bearing neuroblastoma xenografts, GD2.CAR.15 NKTs demonstrated enhanced in vivo persistence, increased localization to tumor sites, and improved tumor control compared with GD2.CAR NKTs. Importantly, GD2.CAR.15 NKTs did not produce significant toxicity as determined by histopathologic analysis. Conclusions: Our results informed selection of the CD28-based GD2.CAR.15 construct for clinical testing and led to initiation of a first-in-human CAR-NKT cell clinical trial (NCT03294954).
title: Феномен снижения уровня доверия к СМИ: тенденции и минимизация угроз
Creators: name: Маслов, Алексей
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2020

description: Показано, что снижение уровня доверия аудиторий к СМИ в последние годы приняло характер выраженной тенденции. Это обусловлено комплексом причин. Одной из основных является публикация журналистами недостоверной информации. Случаи ненадлежащего качества журналистских материалов редко становятся предметом обсуждения в профессиональном сообществе. Снижается контролирующая функция саморегулируемых организаций. Основные потери традиционные СМИ несут в сегменте молодежной аудитории. Автором выделены основные «проблемные зоны», позволяющие понять причины отмеченной тенденции: публикация ложной, непроверенной информации; отсутствие учета потребностей молодежной аудитории; низкий уровень восприятия аудиториями журналистов как «лидеров мнений»; ограниченность освещаемых в СМИ проблем и событий; низкие активность и авторитет, саморегулируемых журналистских организаций, прежде всего, на региональном уровне. Определены уровни формирования доверия к СМИ. Это позволило определить направления действий для выхода из сложившейся кризисной ситуации. Аргументирована своевременность разработки комплексной PR-кампании, направленной на корректировку имиджа СМИ.
(4141) Frances Gertrude [Young]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The effectiveness of eye-movement desensitisation and reprocessing and imagery on self-efficacy, confidence and anxieties of elite academy footballers (soccer) and 1st team goal-keepers
Creators: name: Ecken, Tanja
Publisher: name: Anglia Ruskin Research Online (ARRO)
Year: 2024

description: A limited number of studies have explored the effectiveness of Eye-Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) on reducing anxieties, small-t-traumas in sports, and confidence. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of EMDR on General Self-Efficacy (GSE), Goal-Keeper specific Self-Efficacy (GKSE), and measures of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2R) in elite academy footballers (soccer) and 1st team goal-keepers. Qualitative approaches explore the experiences of EMDR and Imagery sessions applied with positive memories and the resolution of small-t-traumas. Further, different modalities of face-to-face delivery and online sessions are compared. An RTC, multi-subject, mixed-methods, multiple baseline research design across participants was employed. Sessions were delivered by the principal investigator who held a dual role as the club’s sport psychologist, therefore providing testimony on navigating challenges in the delivery of EMDR in a professional club setting. Three experimental studies provide evidence of feasibility and acceptance of EMDR in enhancing positive memories (GSE, p<0.05, η2p= 0.66; GKSE, p< 0.05; η2p=0.59), effectiveness of EMDR and Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) in working with negative memories (GKSE, p<0.05; η2p=0.65), and the applied value of the GKSE. Qualitative and quantitative analyses support EMDR to be as effective as Imagery. Reflexive Thematic Analyses outline professional footballers’ experiences of receiving EMDR, transfer-to-practice effects to football, and showcase mental images related to self-efficacy, thereby providing support for Bandura’s self-efficacy theory (1977). Alongside, the GKSE questionnaire was developed, validated and tested for reliability. The GKSE assesses goal-keeping specific self-efficacy beliefs in relation to zone defense, goal defense and offense play. Results and findings are the first to establish EMDR as an effective alternative to Imagery. Further, this thesis successfully filled the lack of position-specific self-efficacy questionnaires in football. Goalkeepers face distinct psychological and technical challenges; a position-specified assessment allows to provide tailored support and training.
B7-H3-redirected chimeric antigen receptor T cells target glioblastoma and neurospheres
Creators: name: Dotti, G.
name: Pellegatta, S.
name: Di Ianni, N.
name: Dunn, D.E.
name: Damrauer, J.S.
name: Edwards, D.S.
name: Park, J.J.H.
name: Patané, M.
name: Hudson, H.
name: Savoldo, B.
name: Musio, S.
name: Finocchiaro, G.
name: Nehama, D.
name: Ferrone, S.
name: Pollo, B.
name: Floyd, S.R.
name: Du, H.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2019

description: Background: The dismal survival of glioblastoma (GBM) patients urgently calls for the development of new treatments. Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells are an attractive strategy, but preclinical and clinical studies in GBM have shown that heterogeneous expression of the antigens targeted so far causes tumor escape, highlighting the need for the identification of new targets. We explored if B7-H3 is a valuable target for CAR-T cells in GBM. Methods: We compared mRNA expression of antigens in GBM using TCGA data, and validated B7-H3 expression by immunohistochemistry. We then tested the antitumor activity of B7-H3-redirected CAR-T cells against GBM cell lines and patient-derived GBM neurospheres in vitro and in xenograft murine models. Findings: B7-H3 mRNA and protein are overexpressed in GBM relative to normal brain in all GBM subtypes. Of the 46 specimens analyzed by immunohistochemistry, 76% showed high B7-H3 expression, 22% had detectable, but low B7-H3 expression and 2% were negative, as was normal brain. All 20 patient-derived neurospheres showed ubiquitous B7-H3 expression. B7-H3-redirected CAR-T cells effectively targeted GBM cell lines and neurospheres in vitro and in vivo. No significant differences were found between CD28 and 4-1BB co-stimulation, although CD28-co-stimulated CAR-T cells released more inflammatory cytokines. Interpretation: We demonstrated that B7-H3 is highly expressed in GBM specimens and neurospheres that contain putative cancer stem cells, and that B7-H3-redirected CAR-T cells can effectively control tumor growth. Therefore, B7-H3 represents a promising target in GBM. Fund: Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation; Il Fondo di Gio Onlus; National Cancer Institute; Burroughs Wellcome Fund.
On the diffuse soft X-ray emission from the nuclear region of M51
Creators: name: Liu, Jiren
name: Mao, Shude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the diffuse soft X-ray emission from the nuclear region of M51 combining both XMM-Newton RGS and Chandra data. Most of the RGS spectrum of M51 can be fitted with a thermal model with a temperature of $\sim0.5$ keV except for the OVII triplet, which is forbidden-line dominated. The Fe L-shell lines peak around the southern cloud, where the OVIII and NVII Lya lines also peak. In contrast, the peak of the OVII forbidden line is about 10$"$ offset from that of the other lines, indicating that it is from a spatially distinct component. The spatial distribution of the OVII triplet mapped by the Chandra data shows that most of the OVII triplet flux is located at faint regions near edges, instead of the southern cloud where other lines peak. This distribution of the OVII triplet is inconsistent with the photoionization model. Other mechanisms that could produce the anomalous OVII triplet, including a recombining plasma and charge exchange X-ray emission, are discussed.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, to appear in RAA
(4142) John Arthur Iles
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
THE ROLE OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN OUR ECONOMY
Creators: name: Abdujalilova, Oyzoda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Sustainable tourism is a vital component of a country's economy, serving not only as a source of income but also playing a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and ensuring social stability. This article analyzes the role of sustainable tourism in our economy, its development factors, and methods for ensuring its sustainability. It also discusses strategies being implemented in the sector and their effectiveness.
Genetically engineered CAR NK cells display selective cytotoxicity against FLT3-positive B-ALL and inhibit in vivo leukemia growth
Creators: name: Große-Hovest, L., SYNIMMUNE GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
name: Oberoi, P.
name: Lindner, A.
name: Jung, G.
name: Oelsner, S.
name: Marschalek, R.
name: Billmeier, A.
name: Ullrich, E.
name: Waldmann, A.
name: Wels, W.S.
name: Dotti, G.
name: Bader, P.
name: Röder, J.
Publisher: name: Wiley-Liss Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered natural killer (NK) cells represent a promising effector cell type for adoptive cancer immunotherapy. Both, genetically modified donor-derived NK cells as well as continuously expanding NK-92 cells are currently under clinical development. To enhance their therapeutic utility for the treatment of pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), we engineered NK-92 cells by lentiviral gene transfer to express a FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)-specific CAR that contains a composite CD28-CD3ζ signaling domain. FLT3 has primarily been described as a therapeutic target for acute myeloid leukemia, but overexpression of FLT3 has also been reported in B-ALL. Exposure of FLT3-positive targets to CAR NK-92 cells resulted in conjugate formation between NK and leukemia cells, NK-cell degranulation and selective cytotoxicity toward established B-ALL cell lines and primary blasts that were resistant to parental NK-92. In a SEM B-ALL xenograft model in NOD-SCID IL2R γnull mice, treatment with CAR NK-92 but not parental NK-92 cells markedly inhibited disease progression, demonstrating high antileukemic activity in vivo. As FLT3 is known to be also expressed on precursor cells, we assessed the feasibility of incorporating an inducible caspase-9 (iCasp9) suicide switch to enhance safety of our approach. Upon addition of the chemical dimerizer AP20187 to NK-92 cells coexpressing the FLT3-specific CAR and iCasp9, rapid iCasp9 activation was observed, precluding further CAR-mediated cytotoxicity. Our data demonstrate that B-ALL can be effectively targeted by FLT3-specific CAR NK cells which may complement CD19-directed immunotherapies, particularly in cases of inherent or acquired resistance to the latter.
Adipocytes as Anticancer Drug Delivery Depot
Creators: name: Chen, G.
name: Soto, J.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Liu, M.
name: Wang, J.
name: Van Den Driessche, G.
name: Dotti, G.
name: Wen, D.
name: Hu, Q.
name: Ohashi, M.
name: Fourches, D.
name: Abdou, P
name: Li, H.
name: Li, S.
name: Chen, Q.
name: Gu, Z.
name: Zhang, Y.
Publisher: name: Cell Press
Year: 2019

description: Tumor-associated adipocytes promote tumor growth by providing energy and causing chronic inflammation. Here, we have exploited the lipid metabolism to engineer adipocytes that serve as a depot to deliver cancer therapeutics at the tumor site. Rumenic acid (RA), as an anticancer fatty acid, and a doxorubicin prodrug (pDox) with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-cleavable linker, are encapsulated in adipocytes to deliver therapeutics in a tumor-specific bioresponsive manner. After intratumoral or postsurgical administration, lipolysis releases the RA and pDox that is activated by intracellular ROS-responsive conversion, subsequently promoting antitumor efficacy. Furthermore, downregulation of PD-L1 expression is observed in tumor cells, favoring the emergence of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-mediated immune responses. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.Adipocytes were engineered for local delivery of anticancer therapeutics, including fatty acid and small-molecule drug. The lipolysis triggered by tumor cells promoted the release of these anticancer therapeutics. In addition, the immunogenic tumor phenotype induced by anticancer fatty acid combined with tumor-responsive doxorubicin prodrug enhanced cancer therapy. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.The tumor microenvironment composed of nonmalignant cells often promotes tumor growth by providing growth factors and preventing the infiltration of tumor-killing immune cells. It could be valuable to leverage the therapeutic potential of the nonmalignant cells within the tumor microenvironment for anticancer treatment. In this work, the adipocytes have been engineered with the encapsulation of an anticancer fatty acid and a bioresponsive doxorubicin prodrug for chemotherapy and simultaneously inducing an immunogenic tumor phenotype. These Trojan horse-like injectable engineered adipocytes can serve as a drug-delivery depot for sustained drug release with suppressed primary tumor growth and postsurgical tumor recurrence. This adipocyte-mediated drug-delivery strategy expands the scope of cell therapy and could be extended for treating other diseases associated with lipid metabolism pathways.
(4143) Francis Isles
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(4144) Ellen Sarah Tuckwell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Construction & Evaluation of a Reporter Gene Displaying Aldehydes on the Cell Surface
Creators: name: Wong, Christine
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020
Subjects: Reporter gene
Formylglycine generating enzyme
Aldehydes
Methyl 5-MeO-N-aminoanthranilate

description: Reporter genes are often used to observe expression of promoters, which may change from its natural behaviour as a result of stress or disease states. Reporter genes are useful because they are easily detectable by a variety of imaging methods, including fluorescence microscopy techniques, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. Previously, methyl 5-MeO-N-aminoanthranilate (MMNA) had been synthesized as an aldehyde-conditional fluorophore and was tested in physiological conditions to identify the Aldehydic Load of cells. Thus, it was hypothesized that a reporter protein displaying an aldehyde on the cell surface can be identified by MMNA. This reporter protein would contain a substrate recognition site for formylglycine generating enzyme (FGE) that converts a specific cysteine residue into a formylglycine residue. This will result in production of an aldehyde at the N-terminal of the transmembrane domain of platelet derived growth factor receptor . In this way, the protein product, Aldehyde-presenting FGE-dependent Readout (Alfred), would display an aldehyde on the extracellular surface of the cell. Alfred was expressed in A549 human lung cancer cells using the Tet-On® Inducible System, which allows expression of a gene of interest by use of doxycyclin (dox) as a chemical trigger. Microscopy of Alfred-transfected cells, induced by dox and probed with MMNA, showed no difference in fluorescence between non-transfected and Alfred-transfected cells. The overexpression of FGE to increase thiol-to-aldehyde conversion, and the imaging of cells at longer timepoints (48 and 72 hours) to allow localization of the protein to the cell surface, were attempted. In addition, Alfred was constitutively expressed in another transfection experiment in efforts to increase gene expression. However, these efforts to evaluate Alfred did not improve the microscopy results. Western blotting confirmed FGE overexpression in transgenic cells. Blotting against the Myc-tag in Alfred showed no detected proteins in Alfred-transfected cells. In conjunction with the microscopy images, these results suggest that Alfred is not expressed and cannot be detected as a reporter gene. Comparison to previous works allows the identification of potential approaches to improve Alfred functionality, including the absence of the hemagglutinin epitope, the choice of aldehyde probe used, the choice of cell line used, and the method of analyzing microscopy. Future directives are postulated to identify sources that hinder Alfred expression, and to improve visualization of Alfred over homeostatic aldehydes.
title: Репутация вуза в контексте его присутствия в социальных сетях
Creators: name: Прохоров, Андрей
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2020

description: Настоящая статья посвящена проблеме репутации вуза как ведущего фактора в конкурентной борьбе на рынке образовательных услуг. Российские вузы накопили позитивный опыт использования инструментов формирования и продвижения бренда, в то время как недостаточное внимание уделяется управлению репутацией в сети Интернет. Рассмотрена сущность понятия «репутация вуза», определены носители репутации, дана характеристика типам взаимодействия репутации — коллективной и индивидуальной. С опорой на опыт управления репутацией организаций коммерческого сектора обозначены направления работы по управлению репутацией вуза в сети Интернет.
The conjunction fallacy and the meanings of and
Creators: name: Hertwig, R.
name: Benz, B.
name: Krauss, Stefan
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Conjunction fallacy; Pragmatic and semantic inferences; Rationality
subject: 370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen
subject: 510 Mathematik

description: According to the conjunction rule, the probability of A and B cannot exceed the probability of either single event. This rule reads and in terms of the logical operator ∧, interpreting A and B as an intersection of two events. As linguists have long argued, in natural language “and” can convey a wide range of relationships between conjuncts such as temporal order (“I went to the store and bought some whisky”), causal relationships (“Smile and the world smiles with you”), and can indicate a collection of sets rather than their intersection (as in “He invited friends and colleagues to the party”). When “and” is used in word problems researching the conjunction fallacy, the conjunction rule, which assumes the logical operator ∧, therefore cannot be mechanically invoked as a norm. Across several studies, we used different methods of probing people’s understanding of and-conjunctions, and found evidence that many of those respondents who violated the conjunction rule in their probability or frequency judgments inferred a meaning of and that differs from the logical operator ∧. We argue that these findings have implications for whether judgments involving ambiguous and-conjunctions that violate the conjunction rule should be considered manifestations of fallacious reasoning or of reasonable pragmatic and semantic inferences.
The Effects of Impervious Surface Area, Tree Canopy Cover, and Floral Richness on Bee Abundance, Richness, and Diversity Across an Urban Landscape
Creators: name: Gerner, Eden
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020
Subjects: Wild Bees
Pollinators
Urban
Tree Cover

description: As urbanization increases globally, habitat loss is increasing at an unprecedented rate, eroding the suitability of many landscapes for most forms of wildlife, including bees. At least some of this habitat loss is through the ongoing expansion of urban areas, a process termed ‘urbanization’. Studies of the effects of urbanization and urban land use on bees have reported a mixture of results, including some instances where at least some species appear to do better in urban areas than they do in lands surrounding urban areas. While the impacts of urbanization on bee communities has been investigated, tree canopy cover has been largely overlooked as a contributor to urban bee distributions, despite their potential importance as a predictor of bee activity. I investigated the impacts of urban land use and tree canopy cover on bee communities across a variety of neighbourhoods in a medium-sized Canadian city (Ottawa, Ontario). In total, I surveyed bee communities in 27 residential yards that varied in terms of the degree of urban land use (measured as percent impervious surface area) and tree canopy cover (percent deciduous canopy cover) across a range of spatial scales. Using linear regression and model selection, I determined that bee abundance was negatively correlated with the degree of urban land use surrounding a yard, and positively correlated with the richness of the local (i.e., yard) flowering plant community. Yard floral richness, but not urban land use or tree cover, was also a predictor of the diversity of the bee community visiting the yard. In fact, tree canopy cover did not factor in any of the top models predicting either bee abundance, richness, or diversity. My results support the idea that urban land use could negatively impact bee communities, but also suggest that landscaping and urban planning decisions that maximize local floral richness could counteract some of the negative impacts of urbanization on bee populations.
Frequency dependent facilitation at the somatosensory cortico-thalamic synapse is enhanced in BTBR mice model of autism spectrum disorder
Creators: name: Ewa, Kublik
name: Redos Weronika
name: Miękus Mikołaj
name: Marek, Bekisz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: ASD, autism spectrum disorders, cortico-thalamic synapse

description: ABSTRACT: Abnormal sensory processing is common in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) children, however underlying mechanism are largely unknown. We aim to characterize, in mice ASD models, functioning of thalamo-cortico-thalamic connections which are crucial for sensory information gating and integration.
 Somatosensory thalamo-cortical brain slices were obtained from young mice from BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J (model of idiopathic ASD) and C57BL/6 (control) strains. Patch-clamp method was used to recorded postsynaptic currents (EPSC) evoked in thalamic neurons by electrical stimulation of cortical layer 6 axons. In order to evaluate frequency dependent effects, the trains of 8 impulses were delivered at 40, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1 and 0.5 Hz.
 Electrical stimulation evoked significantly larger EPCSs in neurons from BTBR then C57BL/6 mice. In all mice, responses to first impulses in train were weaker, but the amplitudes were increasing for each consecutive stimulus delivered after a short interval. This effect, known as frequency dependent facilitation, was present in both BTBR and C57BL/6 mice. However, facilitation (measured as 8th/1st amplitude ratio) was significantly stronger in BTBR mice. In control mice 10 Hz stimulation was necessary to induce facilitation while in BTBR it was visible at frequencies as low 2 Hz.
 Frequency dependent facilitation from cortical layer 6 serves as a gain modulator regulating amount of information relayed by the thalamus. Here we show, that in autism this gain can be up-regulated, thus increasing the sensory information transfer and contributing to overwhelming tactile sensations perceived by individuals with ASD.
description: [Supported by the Polish National Science Centre grant 2013/08/W/NZ4/00691]
Lattice dynamics in the paraelectric phase of PbHfO$_3$ studied by inelastic X-ray scattering
Creators: name: Burkovsky, R. G.
name: Andronikova, D.
name: Bronwald, Yu.
name: Krisch, M.
name: Roleder, K.
name: Majchrowski, A.
name: Filimonov, A. V.
name: Rudskoy, A. I.
name: Vakhrushev, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of an inelastic X-ray scattering study of the lattice dynamics in the paraelectric phase of the antiferroelectric lead hafnate PbHfO$_3$. The study reveals an avoided crossing between the transverse acoustic and transverse optic phonon modes propagating along the [1 1 0] direction with [1 -1 0] polarization. The static susceptibility with respect to the generally incommensurate modulations is shown to increase on cooling for the entire $Γ$-M direction. We consider different approaches to the data analysis that correspond to different models for the temperature evolution of the dynamic susceptibility function. A number of similarities and differences between the lattice dynamics of PbHfO$_3$ and PbZrO$_3$ are described.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
Computationally Guided Design of Single-Chain Variable Fragment Improves Specificity of Chimeric Antigen Receptors
Creators: name: Popov, K.
name: Dotti, G.
name: Wan, X.
name: Hirabayashi, K.
name: Kurokawa, T.
name: Krokhotin, A.
name: Du, H.
name: Dokholyan, N.V.
name: Ferrone, S.
Publisher: name: Cell Press
Year: 2019

description: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell-based immunotherapy of malignant disease relies on the specificity and association constant of single-chain variable fragments (scFvs). The latter are synthesized from parent antibodies by fusing their light (VL) and heavy (VH)-chain variable domains into a single chain using a flexible linker peptide. The fusion of VL and VH domains can distort their relative orientation, thereby compromising specificity and association constant of scFv, and reducing the lytic efficacy of CAR-T cells. Here, we circumvent the complications of domains’ fusion by designing scFv mutants that stabilize interaction between scFv and its target, thereby rescuing scFv efficacy. We employ an iterative approach, based on structural modeling and mutagenesis driven by computational protein design. To demonstrate the power of this approach, we use the scFv derived from an antibody specific to a human leukocyte antigen A2 (HLA-A2)-HER2-derived peptide complex. Whereas the parental antibody is highly specific to its target, the scFv showed reduced specificity. Using our approach, we design mutations into scFvs that restore specificity of the original antibody.
In situ sprayed bioresponsive immunotherapeutic gel for post-surgical cancer treatment
Creators: name: Wang, J.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Yang, G.
name: Gu, Z.
name: Wen, D.
name: Wang, C.
name: Dotti, G.
name: Chen, Q.
name: Lu, Y.
name: Chen, G.
name: Jiang, C.
name: Wang, J.
name: Zhang, X.
name: Hu, Q.
name: Li, H.
Publisher: name: Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2019

description: Cancer recurrence after surgical resection remains a significant cause of treatment failure. Here, we have developed an in situ formed immunotherapeutic bioresponsive gel that controls both local tumour recurrence after surgery and development of distant tumours. Briefly, calcium carbonate nanoparticles pre-loaded with the anti-CD47 antibody are encapsulated in the fibrin gel and scavenge H+ in the surgical wound, allowing polarization of tumour-associated macrophages to the M1-like phenotype. The released anti-CD47 antibody blocks the ‘don’t eat me’ signal in cancer cells, thereby increasing phagocytosis of cancer cells by macrophages. Macrophages can promote effective antigen presentation and initiate T cell mediated immune responses that control tumour growth. Our findings indicate that the immunotherapeutic fibrin gel ‘awakens’ the host innate and adaptive immune systems to inhibit both local tumour recurrence post surgery and potential metastatic spread.
Scalar mass stability bound in a simple Yukawa-theory from renormalisation group equations
Creators: name: Jakovac, A.
name: Kaposvari, I.
name: Patkos, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Functional Renormalisation Group (FRG) equations are constructed for a simple Yukawa-model with discrete chiral symmetry, including also the effect of a nonzero composite fermion background beyond the conventional scalar condensate. The evolution of the effective potential of the model, generically depending on two invariants, is explored with help of power series expansions. Systematic investigation of the effect of a class of irrelevant operators on the lower (stability) bound allows a non-perturbative extension of the maximal cut-off value consistent with any given mass of the scalar field.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, lower mass bound derived with significantly extended operator set in FRGE's, version matching the article to appear in MPLA
The equivalent emergence of time dependence in classical and quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Briggs, John S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Beginning with the principle that a closed mechanical composite system is timeless, time can be defined by the regular changes in a suitable position coordinate (clock) in the observing part, when one part of the closed composite observes another part. Translating this scenario into both classical and quantum mechanics allows a transition to be made from a time-independent mechanics for the closed composite to a time-dependent description of the observed part alone. The use of Hamilton- Jacobi theory yields a very close parallel between the derivations in classical and quantum mechanics. The time-dependent equations, Hamilton-Jacobi or Schrodinger, appear as approximations since no observed system is truly closed. The quantum case has an additional feature in the condition that the observing environment must become classical in order to define a real classical time variable. This condition leads to a removal of entanglement engendered by the interaction between the observed system and the observing environment. Comparison is made to the similar emergence of time in quantum gravity theory
(4136) Charles Nicholls
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Safety and efficacy of targeting CD138 with a chimeric antigen receptor for the treatment of multiple myeloma
Creators: name: Ramos, C.
name: Tuchman, S.
name: Maguire, T.
name: Dotti, G.
name: Sun, C.
name: Lichtman, E.
name: Kale, B.
name: McKay, K.
name: West, J.
name: Mahendravada, A.
name: Savoldo, B.
name: Ballard, B.
Publisher: name: Impact Journals LLC
Year: 2019

description: After unprecedented successes in B-cell malignancies, chimeric antigen receptor T cells have recently been investigated for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Chimeric antigen receptor targeting T cells B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) on malignant plasma cells have led to impressive clinical responses in recent trials. However, BCMA-negative relapses have been observed, supporting the need for complementary treatment strategies. Here, we explored the feasibility of targeting CD138 (syndecan-1), a surface marker expressed on both normal and malignant plasma cells. We showed that T cells from both healthy donors and from multiple myeloma patients, when transduced with a CD138-specific chimeric antigen receptor, can eliminate tumor cell lines and primary myeloma cells both in vitro and in vivo. CD138 is also expressed by putative myeloma stem cells identified by Hoechst staining, and these cells can be eliminated by CD138-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Preclinical analyses did not identify any on target off tumor cytotoxicity against normal epithelial or endothelial cells, further supporting the rationale for the use of adoptively transferred CD138-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.
Integrating topographic knowledge into point cloud simplification for terrain modelling
Creators: name: Chen, Jun
name: Xiong, Liyang
name: Yin, Bowen
name: Hu, Guanghui
name: Tang, Guo'an
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Geomorphology and earth surface processes

description: Terrain models are widely used to depict the shape of the Earth's surface. With the development of photogrammetric methods, point cloud data have become one of the most popular data sources for terrain modelling. However, the obtained point clouds are of high density, which often increases redundancy rather than improving accuracy. Therefore, point cloud simplification should be a core component of terrain modelling. This paper proposes a point cloud simplification method by integrating topographic knowledge into terrain modelling (TKPCS). The method contains two steps: (1) topographic knowledge recognition and construction and (2) point cloud simplification using this topographic knowledge for terrain modelling. The proposed approach is benchmarked against improved versions of existing methods to validate its capability and accuracy in digital elevation model construction and terrain derivative extraction. The results show that the simplified points of the TKPCS method can generate finer resolution terrain models with higher accuracy and greater information entropy. The good performance of the TKPCS method is also stable at different scales. This work endeavours to transform perceptive topographic knowledge into a process of point cloud simplification and can benefit future research related to terrain modelling.
title: Первые советские газеты в Демянске (Новгородская губерния)
Creators: name: Семенова, Александра
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2020

description: Исследуется история первых советских газет в Демянске, уездном городе Новгородской губернии. Прослеживаются изменения в формате и контенте изданий, анализируется рубрикационный состав изданий, тематика и жанровое своеобразие публикуемых материалов. Выявляется аспекты традиционности в деятельности изданий, отсылающие к опыту дореволюционной уездной печати и трансформация целей и задач, коммуникативной практики изданий советской эпохи.
(4138) Agness [Cowell]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(4139) Charles Harrison
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: О корректности использования термина «искусственный интеллект» в медиасфере
Creators: name: Шестерина, Алла
name: Шестерин, Никита
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2020

description: Доступность разработок в научной сфере хотя и является признаком прогресса, но на уровне их интерпретации со стороны медиа нередко формирует у аудитории лженаучные представления. Такого рода ситуация сформировалась по отношению к термину «искусственный интеллект». Зачастую этот термин трактуется журналистами расширительно или некорректно. Нередко он применяется собственно к медийным реалиям и формирует у аудитории иллюзию того, что искусственный интеллект уже существует. Подобная тенденция просматривается не только на уровне медиапрактик, но и на уровне медиаисследований. В данной работе мы пытаемся исправить сложившуюся ситуацию. С этой целью мы конкретизируем термин «искусственный интеллект», обобщая различные подходы исследователей. Затем мы выявляем типичные ошибки по применению этого термина, две из которых считаем важнейшими: отождествление части и целого и подмену понятий. И далее мы пытаемся установить ключевые причины допущения такого рода ошибок: отсутствие у авторов точных представлений об искусственном интеллекте, стремление избежать тавтологии, желание привлечь внимание аудитории. Мы рассматриваем эту проблему как преодолимую и полагаем, что она в целом отражает ситуацию, сложившуюся в сфере популяризации научного знания.