cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MOESM4 of Performance and usability of machine learning for screening in systematic reviews: a comparative evaluation of three tools
Creators: name: Gates, Allison
name: Guitard, Samantha
name: Pillay, Jennifer
name: Elliott, Sarah
name: Dyson, Michele
name: Newton, Amanda
name: Hartling, Lisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 4. 2 × 2 cross-tabulations for each review in each tool. 2 × 2 cross-tabulations for each review in each tool used to calculate the performance metrics.
Screwed superconducting cosmic strings
Creators: name: Ferreira, C. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that it is possible to build up a consistent model describing a superconducting cosmic string (SCS) endowed with torsion. A full string solution is obtained by matching the internal and the external solutions. We derive the deficit angle, the geodesics of and the gravitational force on a test-particle moving under the action of this screwed SCS. A couple of potentially observable astrophysical phenomena are highlighted: the dynamics of compact objects orbiting torsioned SCS and the accretion of matter onto it.
description: 19 pages, LaTeX
Mitigating Network Noise on Dragonfly Networks through Application-Aware Routing
Creators: name: De Sensi, Daniele
name: Di Girolamo, Salvatore
name: Hoefler, Torsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2.2; C.2.1; C.2.4; C.5.1

description: System noise can negatively impact the performance of HPC systems, and the interconnection network is one of the main factors contributing to this problem. To mitigate this effect, adaptive routing sends packets on non-minimal paths if they are less congested. However, while this may mitigate interference caused by congestion, it also generates more traffic since packets traverse additional hops, causing in turn congestion on other applications and on the application itself. In this paper, we first describe how to estimate network noise. By following these guidelines, we show how noise can be reduced by using routing algorithms which select minimal paths with a higher probability. We exploit this knowledge to design an algorithm which changes the probability of selecting minimal paths according to the application characteristics. We validate our solution on microbenchmarks and real-world applications on two systems relying on a Dragonfly interconnection network, showing noise reduction and performance improvement.
description: Accepted at The International Conference for High Performance Computing Networking, Storage, and Analysis (SC '19)
Théorie des Fils d'Information : Une Approche Unifiée pour la Conservation de l'Information et l'Intrication Quantique
Creators: name: Bédrouni, Smaïn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: La Théorie des Fils d'Information postule l'existence d'un réseau immatériel reliant toutes les entités de l'univers par des flux d'information indépendants des supports matériels conventionnels. Ce réseau, constitué de fils interconnectés, transcende les limitations de l'espace-temps et pourrait expliquer des phénomènes allant de la transmission de pensées aux corrélations quantiques, en passant par le paradoxe de l'information des trous noirs. Nous proposons un cadre mathématique formel, des prédictions testables et des implications expérimentales en physique quantique, astrophysique et neurosciences. Cette théorie s'inscrit dans une démarche interdisciplinaire visant à relier la physique théorique, la cosmologie et les sciences cognitives pour mieux comprendre le rôle fondamental de l'information dans l'univers.
MOESM3 of Performance and usability of machine learning for screening in systematic reviews: a comparative evaluation of three tools
Creators: name: Gates, Allison
name: Guitard, Samantha
name: Pillay, Jennifer
name: Elliott, Sarah
name: Dyson, Michele
name: Newton, Amanda
name: Hartling, Lisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. 2 × 2 tables and calculations for the performance metrics (example from the Antipsychotics review in Abstrackr). 2 × 2 tables and sample calculations for the proportion missed, workload savings, and estimated time savings for each simulation. This file shows an example from the Antipsychotics review in Abstrackr.
Restricted Recurrent Neural Networks
Creators: name: Diao, Enmao
name: Ding, Jie
name: Tarokh, Vahid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and its variations such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), have become standard building blocks for learning online data of sequential nature in many research areas, including natural language processing and speech data analysis. In this paper, we present a new methodology to significantly reduce the number of parameters in RNNs while maintaining performance that is comparable or even better than classical RNNs. The new proposal, referred to as Restricted Recurrent Neural Network (RRNN), restricts the weight matrices corresponding to the input data and hidden states at each time step to share a large proportion of parameters. The new architecture can be regarded as a compression of its classical counterpart, but it does not require pre-training or sophisticated parameter fine-tuning, both of which are major issues in most existing compression techniques. Experiments on natural language modeling show that compared with its classical counterpart, the restricted recurrent architecture generally produces comparable results at about 50\% compression rate. In particular, the Restricted LSTM can outperform classical RNN with even less number of parameters.
Sogda enigma Peck & Cook 2009, new species
Creators: name: Peck, Stewart B.
name: Cook, Joyce
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Leiodidae
Sogda
Sogda enigma

description: Sogda enigma Peck & Cook, new species
(Figs. 68, 75–78)
 Type material. Holotype: ♂ (CMNC). CANADA : Ontario: Stittsville, D.A. Smith’s woods, 18.X–11.XII.1979, S. Peck, forest malaise trough. Paratype (1): UNITED STATES: Maryland: Cabin John Ravine, 1.IX.1920, R.C. Shannon, ♂ (USNM).
 Diagnostic description. Shining, reddish brown except elytra which are yellowish with narrow darker lateral margins. Length of pronotum + elytra = 2.6–2.9 mm (males). Head irregularly, sparsely punctate. Pronotum widest near middle, sides obtusely rounded at middle, basal angles obtuse; ratio length:width = 1:1.4; coarsely, irregularly punctate, with reticulate microsculpture. Elytra of medium length, wider than pronotum, ratio length:width = 1:0.7; with 9 coarsely, closely punctate striae; stria 1 clearly impressed, remaining striae weakly or not impressed; intervals irregularly punctate. Antennal club (Fig. 75) moderately broad, ratio club width:length = 1:2.8; width ratio of antennomeres 7:8:9 = 1.3:1:1.7. Mandibles not dissected; apex of right mandible slender, unidentate; apex of left mandible broad, unidentate. Profemur and mesofemur of male unarmed; male metafemur (Fig. 77) with posterior margin serrulate, tooth before apex. Male protibia (Fig. 76) widened and concave dorsally at apex, with elongate, sinuate spur; male mesotibia weakly widened apically; male metatibia (Fig. 77) angulate at about basal one-fourth of inner margin, narrow at base, widened in apical three-fourths; all tibiae spinose on outer margins. Male. Aedeagus (Fig. 78) with median lobe broad, narrowing to very thin, broadly rounded apex. Parameres short, reaching apex of median lobe, slender, with inwardly angled apices and two apical setae. Female. Unknown.
 Distribution. The species is known only from two localities in eastern North America (Fig. 68).
 Field notes, habitats and seasonality. The holotype was taken in a mature maple forest in a flight intercept trap in fall or early winter.
 Etymology. The epithet enigma (from Latin aenigma, puzzle) refers to our initial difficulty in the generic placement of this species.
description: Published as part of Peck, Stewart B. & Cook, Joyce, 2009, Review of the Sogdini of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Leiodinae) with descriptions of fourteen new species and three new genera, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 2102 (1) on pages 30-31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2102.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5310884
Excitation of Nucleon Resonances
Creators: name: Burkert, Volker D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss developments in the area of nucleon resonance excitations that are necessary to bring our understanding of nucleon structure in the regime of strong QCD to a qualitatively new level. They involve the collection of high quality data in various channels, a more rigorous approach in the search for "missing" quark model states, an effort to compute some critical quantities in nucleon resonance excitations from first principles, i.e. QCD, and a proposal aimed at obtaining an understanding of a fundamental quantity in nucleon structure.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
The Embodiment of Colonial Strategy: Osteoarthritis in Ancient Nubia
Creators: name: Schrader, Sarah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: The Egyptian Empire conquered and colonized Nubia, what is today northern Sudan, on multiple occasions. The colonization strategy employed was highly variable through time, ranging from the construction of militarized fortresses (Middle Kingdom 2,050-1,650 BCE) to an amicable co-existence approach (New Kingdom 1,550-1,050 BCE). Egyptian tactics also varied spatially, depending on several factors including a colonized community’s utility to the empire and the potential for revolt. Using a large dataset (n=540), this paper compares osteoarthritis between seven Nubian communities to (1) evaluate whether imperial strategy impacted physical activity, and (2) assess whether levels of activity differed between cotemporary colonized communities. Age-controlled ANCOVA analysis suggests there was significant variation in the frequency and severity of osteoarthritis throughout the empire. The Middle Kingdom C-Group, an indigenous Nubian population that lived outside the Egyptian built and occupied fortresses, displayed the highest rates of osteoarthritis for nearly all joint systems. Osteoarthritis then decreases during the post-colonial Second Intermediate Period (1,650-1,550 BCE) and again increases during the recolonization of the New Kingdom. However, there is significant variation of osteoarthritis at three New Kingdom sites, each of which experienced a differing colonization approach. This study suggests that the varying imperial strategies utilized by the Egyptian Empire may have impacted the physical activities and daily lives of Nubians and that these approaches were not equal throughout Nubia, but were tailored to communities. It is therefore difficult to discuss a singular outcome of colonization. Rather, these interpretations need to be nuanced with community-level archaeological context.
MOESM2 of Performance and usability of machine learning for screening in systematic reviews: a comparative evaluation of three tools
Creators: name: Gates, Allison
name: Guitard, Samantha
name: Pillay, Jennifer
name: Elliott, Sarah
name: Dyson, Michele
name: Newton, Amanda
name: Hartling, Lisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. User experiences survey. Details of the questions and response options on the user experiences survey.
New Comparisons for Local Quantities of the Two-Dimensional Hubbard Model
Creators: name: Avella, A.
name: Mancini, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have compared the results of our approximation scheme, the composite operator method, for the double occupancy and the internal energy of the two-dimensional Hubbard model with numerical data obtained by means of the Lanczos and quantum Monte Carlo schemes. The agreement is very good at both half-filling and away from it showing how reliable is the approximation scheme.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Light-light and heavy-light mesons in the model of QCD string with quarks at the ends
Creators: name: Nefediev, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The variational einbein field method is applied to the model of the QCD string with quarks at the ends for the case of light-light and heavy-light mesons. Special attention is payed to the proper string dynamics. The correct string slope of the Regge trajectories is reproduced for light-light states which comes out from the picture of rotating string. Masses of several low-lying orbitally and radially excited states in the D, D_s, B, and B_s meson spectra are calculated and a good agreement with the experimental data as well as with recent lattice calculations is found. The role of the string correction to the interquark interaction is discussed at the example of the identification of D*'(2637) state recently claimed by DELPHI Collaboration. For the heavy-light mesons the standard constants used in Heavy Quark Effective Theory are extracted and compared to the results of other approaches.
description: 4 pages, 3 EPS figures, uses epsfig.sty, specialized style files included. Talk given at the 9th International Conference On Hadron Spectroscopy (Hadron 2001), Protvino, Russia, 25 August - 1 September 2001, to appear in Proceedings
Solitons in a Grassmannian sigma-model Coupled to Chern-Simons Term
Creators: name: Cho, Jin-Ho
name: Oh, Phillial
name: Park, Jeong-Hyuck
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an exactly solvable Grassmannian sigma-model coupled to the Chern-Simons theory. In the presence of a novel topological term our model admits exact self-dual vortex solutions which are identical to those of pure Grassmannian model, but the topological charge has a physical meaning as a magnetic flux since the gauge field is no longer auxiliary. We also extend the theory to a noncommutative plane and analyze the BPS solutions.
description: 10+1 pages, No figure, LaTeX; Reference added, Minor changes, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Numerical investigations of the asymptotics of solutions to the evolutionary form of the constraints
Creators: name: Csukás, Károly
name: Rácz, István
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Systematic numerical investigations of the asymptotics of near Schwarzschild vacuum initial data sets is carried out by inspecting solutions to the parabolic-hyperbolic and to the algebraic-hyperbolic forms of the constraints, respectively. One of our most important findings is that the concept of near Schwarzschild configurations, applied previously in [4, 5], is far too restrictive. It is demonstrated that by relaxing the conditions on the freely specifiable part of the data a more appropriate notion of near Schwarzschild initial data configurations can be defined which allows us to generate asymptotically flat initial data configurations.
description: 42 page, 12 figures
MOESM1 of Performance and usability of machine learning for screening in systematic reviews: a comparative evaluation of three tools
Creators: name: Gates, Allison
name: Guitard, Samantha
name: Pillay, Jennifer
name: Elliott, Sarah
name: Dyson, Michele
name: Newton, Amanda
name: Hartling, Lisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Screening exercise for the user experiences testing. Screening exercise instructions as presented to participants for the user experiences testing.
Interplay between local response and vertex divergences in many-fermion systems with on-site attraction
Creators: name: Springer, D.
name: Chalupa, P.
name: Ciuchi, S.
name: Sangiovanni, G.
name: Toschi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the divergences appearing in the two-particle irreducible vertex functions of many-fermion systems with attractive on-site interactions. By means of dynamical mean-field theory calculations, we determine the location of singularity lines in the phase diagram of the attractive Hubbard model at half-filling, where the local Bethe-Salpeter equations are non invertible. We find that divergences appear both in the magnetic and in the density scattering channels. The former affect a sector of suppressed fluctuations and comply with the mapping of the physical susceptibilities of the repulsive case. At the same time, the appearance of singularities in the density channel of the attractive model demonstrates that vertex divergences can also plague the dominant scattering sectors associated with enhanced local susceptibilities. This constitutes a counterexample to previously proposed interpretations. Eventually, by exploiting the underlying physical symmetries and a spectral representation of the susceptibilities, we clarify the relation between vertex divergences and the local response of the system in different channels.
LMA MSW Solution in the Minimal $SU(3)_L \times U(1)_N$ Gauge Model
Creators: name: Kitabayashi, Teruyuki
name: Yasue, Masaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The minimal $SU(3)_L \times U(1)_N$ gauge model for $(ν,\ell,\ell^C)$ equipped with the (approximate) $L_e-L_μ-L_τ$ symmetry and a discrete $Z_4$ symmetry is found to provide radiative neutrino masses compatible with the LMA MSW solution.
description: Talk given by T.K. at the International Workshop NuFACT'01, Tsukuba, Japan (May 2001)
Influence of macro-economic growth, CAP reforms and biofuel policy on the Polish agri-food sector in 2007–2020
Creators: name: Tabeau, Andrzej
name: Tabeau, Andrzej
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: agri-food products
subject: CAP
subject: Biofuel Directive
subject: agricultural trade liberalization
subject: CGE modeling

description: This paper presents the possible development scenario of the Polish agricultural sector till 2020. It also assesses the impact of macroeconomic growth, CAP reforms and worldwide policies towards the agriculture on this development. The scenario is build using an extended version of the Global Trade Analysis Project model GTAP which is a computable general equilibrium model of the world economy. The analysis shows that the growth of Polish agri-food sector observed after accession to the European Union will be prolonged in the future and will lead to an increase of agri- food sector incomes. However, it is expected that the positive trade balance in agri-food products will decrease significantly in consequence of the world trade liberalization and the EU policy stimulating biofuels production.
Additional file 2: of Epidemiology and patterns of tracheostomy practice in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in ICUs across 50 countries
Creators: name: Abe, Toshikazu
name: Madotto, Fabiana
name: Pham, Tài
name: Nagata, Isao
name: Uchida, Masatoshi
name: Tamiya, Nanako
name: Kurahashi, Kiyoyasu
name: Bellani, Giacomo
name: Laffey, John
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Virology

description: Table S2 compares outcomes between early (within 7 days of ICU admission) and late (8 days and later) thoracotomy (n = 280). SD, standard deviation; ICU, intensive care unit; Q1–Q3; 25%–75% interquartile. Missing data: days of mechanical ventilation = 37; days of mechanical ventilation in patient alive at hospital discharge (90 days) = 139; length of ICU stay in patient alive at ICU discharge (90 days) = 58; length of hospital stay = 19; length of hospital stay in patient alive at ICU discharge (90 days) = 87; ICU, 28-day, 60-day, and 90-day mortality = 1. Participants were adult patients (≥ 18 years) with severe or moderate ARDS who received mechanical ventilation and had tracheostomy. Participants were excluded if they had made the decision to withhold/withdraw treatment; if they had been transferred from another hospital with invasive mechanical ventilation; if they received tracheostomy on the first day of the study period and had been on invasive mechanical ventilation for 6 days or more; or if they had been discharged from the ICU or died in the ICU within 7 days. Length of ICU and hospital stay were calculated from their admission to discharge. Mortality was calculated from day 7 to patient discharge. Days of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay, and length of hospital stay were compared using linear regression models, and mortality using logistic regression models. (DOCX 17 kb)
Ndoni Humanoid Robots Scale (NHRS)
Creators: name: Ndoni, Albi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The Ndoni Humanoid Robots Scale (NHRS) is a unique way of measuring a civilization's technological advancement based on its proliferation of humanoid robots in relation to its population. Unlike the Kardashev Scale, which gauges a civilization's progress by the amount of energy it harnesses, the NHRS focuses on the integration of humanoid robots in everyday life.
New Loop Quantum Cosmology Modifications from Gauge-covariant Fluxes
Creators: name: Liegener, Klaus
name: Singh, Parampreet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Loop quantum cosmology is a symmetry reduced quantization of cosmological spacetimes based on loop quantum gravity. While it has been successful in resolution of various cosmological singularities and connecting Planck scale physics to phenomenology, its connection with loop quantum gravity has remained elusive. It is therefore important to integrate more and more features of the full theory into this framework and understand the reliability of physical predictions. In particular, if one wishes to connect the effective Hamiltonian in loop quantum cosmology to an expectation value of the scalar constraint operator in suitable coherent states for the full theory, one has to go beyond the standard setting of loop quantum cosmology. One possibility is to introduce gauge-covariant fluxes, which become necessary because the presence of a finite regularization parameter causes functions build out of the standard discretized variables to be in general not gauge invariant. Following the construction of gauge-covariant fluxes pioneered by Thiemann in [1], we show that the physics of loop quantum cosmology is affected in a non-trivial way. The bounce turns out to be generically asymmetric with a rescaling of the Newton's constant in the pre-bounce branch. Gauge-covariant fluxes result in a higher order quantum difference equation in comparison to loop quantum cosmology. Even the behavior of matter, which behaves innocuously in loop quantum cosmology, is enriched, resulting in an effective non-minimal coupling. These effects are shown to be common to different choices of regularization parameters.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures. Figure added to show robustness of asymmetric bounce. To appear in PRD
DBP Case Appendix.pdf
Creators: name: Ronadip Banerjee
name: Spence, Tara
name: Frank, Stuart
name: Pandian, Raj
name: Hoofnagle, Andrew N.
name: Argiropoulos, Bob
name: Marcadier, Julien L
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplemental Appendix data for case report manuscript
Deep learning-based development of personalized human head model with non-uniform conductivity for brain stimulation
Creators: name: Rashed, Essam A.
name: Gomez-Tames, Jose
name: Hirata, Akimasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Electromagnetic stimulation of the human brain is a key tool for the neurophysiological characterization and diagnosis of several neurological disorders. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is one procedure that is commonly used clinically. However, personalized TMS requires a pipeline for accurate head model generation to provide target-specific stimulation. This process includes intensive segmentation of several head tissues based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which has significant potential for segmentation error, especially for low-contrast tissues. Additionally, a uniform electrical conductivity is assigned to each tissue in the model, which is an unrealistic assumption based on conventional volume conductor modeling. This paper proposes a novel approach to the automatic estimation of electric conductivity in the human head for volume conductor models without anatomical segmentation. A convolutional neural network is designed to estimate personalized electrical conductivity values based on anatomical information obtained from T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans. This approach can avoid the time-consuming process of tissue segmentation and maximize the advantages of position-dependent conductivity assignment based on water content values estimated from MRI intensity values. The computational results of the proposed approach provide similar but smoother electric field results for the brain when compared to conventional approaches.
Travel Cost Model for an Agrifarm Specialised in Horse Riding Activities
Creators: name: Antouškova, M.
name: Antouškova, M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Agritourism
subject: travel cost method
subject: single-site model
subject: recreational value

description: Agritourism, as a form of tourism, brings tourists a valuable contact with nature. To assess such a value, several methods can be used. One of these methods is the travel cost method, which is used in conducted research. Especially, a single site model is applied to recreation in a farm specialised in horse riding activities. It is not only tourists staying in the farms that take part in horse riding activities, these are also visitors staying in other places and coming to farms for horse riding as an accompanying activity to their recreation. Therefore, two separate travel cost models are estimated, for tourists and for visitors. Results show that the parameter of travel costs has a negative influence on the number of visits, which confirms the economic theory. The parameters involved in the estimated models for visitors and tourists show similar tendencies, except for the parameter of education.
Phase Transition in the ABC Model
Creators: name: Clincy, M.
name: Derrida, B.
name: Evans, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies have shown that one-dimensional driven systems can exhibit phase separation even if the dynamics is governed by local rules. The ABC model, which comprises three particle species that diffuse asymmetrically around a ring, shows anomalous coarsening into a phase separated steady state. In the limiting case in which the dynamics is symmetric and the parameter $q$ describing the asymmetry tends to one, no phase separation occurs and the steady state of the system is disordered. In the present work we consider the weak asymmetry regime $q=\exp{(-β/N)}$ where $N$ is the system size and study how the disordered state is approached. In the case of equal densities, we find that the system exhibits a second order phase transition at some nonzero $β_c$. The value of $β_c = 2 π\sqrt{3}$ and the optimal profiles can be obtained by writing the exact large deviation functional. For nonequal densities, we write down mean field equations and analyze some of their predictions.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures
Analysis of the Technical and Scale Efficiency of Farms Operating in LFA
Creators: name: Čechura, L.
name: Čechura, L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Technical efficiency
subject: scale efficiency
subject: subsidies
subject: LFA
subject: SFA.

description: The paper deals with an analysis of the technical and scale efficiency of farms operating in LFA. In particular, we provide an analysis of the relationship between farm size and technical and scale efficiency. The results of the fitted stochastic frontier model show that significant differences in the relationship between efficiency and farm size can only be found for technical efficiency in the group of farms with more than 1000 hectares. The paper arose within the framework of solution IGA 20131039.
Evaluation of Effectiveness of Investment Projects of Agricultural Bio-gas Stations
Creators: name: Homolka, J.
name: Slaboch, J.
name: Švihlíkova, A.
name: Homolka, J.
name: Slaboch, J.
name: Švihlíkova, A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Investment project
subject: dynamic methods
subject: investment effectiveness indicators
subject: profitability rate
subject: environment
subject: renewable energy source
subject: biogas

description: The paper is focused on problems of evaluation of effectiveness of investment projects, building and operation of an agricultural biogas stations. It deals with significance of biogas production in the area of agriculture. Biomass from which biogas is produced is one of important renewable energy sources. A part of introduction is devoted to creation of term-creating base from economic and environmental literary resources, a definition of the term “investment”, connected “investment decision making”, and particular realization phases of the investment project. In the chapter Materials and methodology, dynamic technologies of investment effectiveness evaluation are introduced and used profitability indicators are delimited. A practical part is focused at first on basic characteristics of the evaluated biogas stations, on a way of their financing and achieved cost-revenue relation. The mass centre of the paper is the evaluation of operation and management of the selected biogas stations in the monitored period 2010 - 2013. Effectiveness of the investment is evaluated by the help of dynamic indicators of investment effectiveness. All four used indicators show very favourable values of the station ́s operation from the effectiveness point of view. The found out profitability indicators also confirmed a positive development of economy in all evaluated stations. It holds fully in use of non-reversible investment subsidy in a range 25 – 37 % of expended costs which the agricultural enterprises obtained from the Rural Development Programme. In case of building of stations without the mentioned financial subsidy the parameters of effectiveness slightly decreased.
Some physical implications of regularization ambiguities in SU(2) gauge-invariant loop quantum cosmology
Creators: name: Liegener, Klaus
name: Singh, Parampreet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The way physics of loop quantum gravity is affected by the underlying quantization ambiguities is an open question. We address this issue in the context of loop quantum cosmology using gauge-covariant fluxes. Consequences are explored for two choices of regularization parameters: $μ_0$ and $\bar μ$ in presence of a positive cosmological constant, and two choices of regularizations of the Hamiltonian constraint in loop quantum cosmology: the standard and the Thiemann regularization. We show that novel features of singularity resolution and bounce, occurring due to gauge-covariant fluxes, exist also for Thiemann-regularized dynamics. The $μ_0$-scheme is found to be unviable as in standard loop quantum cosmology when a positive cosmological constant is included. Our investigation brings out a surprising result that the nature of emergent matter in the pre-bounce regime is determined by the choice of regulator in the Thiemann regularization of the scalar constraint whether or not one uses gauge-covaraint fluxes. Unlike $\bar μ$-scheme where the emergent matter is a cosmological constant, the emergent matter in $μ_0$-scheme behaves as a string gas.
description: 31 pages, 10 figures. References and a figure added. To appear in PRD
The analytic continuation of the high-energy parton-parton scattering amplitude with an IR cutoff
Creators: name: Meggiolaro, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The high-energy parton-parton scattering amplitude can be described, in the c.m.s., by the expectation value of two infinite Wilson lines, running along the classical trajectories of the two colliding particles. The above description suffers from IR divergences (typical of 3 + 1 dimensional gauge theories), which can be regularized by considering finite Wilson lines, extending in proper time from -T to T (and eventually sending T to infinity). Generalizing the results of a previous paper, we give here the general proof that the expectation value of two IR-regularized Wilson lines, forming a certain hyperbolic angle in Minkowski space-time, and the expectation value of two IR-regularized Euclidean Wilson lines, forming a certain angle in Euclidean four-space, are connected by an analytic continuation in the angular variables and in the IR cutoff T. This result can be used to evaluate the IR-regularized high-energy scattering amplitude directly in the Euclidean theory.
description: 18 pages, LaTeX file
Quantitative Differences among Normal and Knowledge Texts on Agriculture Waste Processing
Creators: name: Horáková, T.
name: Houška, M.
name: Horáková, T.
name: Houška, M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Agriculture education
subject: knowledge and information systems
subject: agriculture wastes
subject: literary style
subject: knowledge unit
subject: complex text difficulty rate

description: The objective of this work is to identify the differences among educational texts written in two styles: normal educational text and their knowledge form. The research sample consists of 60 documents – educational texts on agriculture waste processing – converted by the authors into the knowledge form. Over the set of indicators used for evaluating the educational texts, we formulated working and operational hypotheses and validated them using the paired sample t-test. The results show that the complex text difficulty rate of knowledge texts is significantly (α = 0.05) lower than of the normal texts. They present the same amount of information logically divided into more simple sentences merged to complex sentences. Based on the difference in frequencies of selected identifiers we are able to distinguish the literary styles. The further research aims at an automatic recognition of the text styles and measuring the amount of knowledge inside the text.
Chiral Hall effect in strained Weyl semimetals
Creators: name: Heidari, Shiva
name: Asgari, Reza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, the chiral Hall effect of strained Weyl semimetals without any external magnetic field is proposed. Electron-phonon coupling emerges in the low-energy fermionic sector through a pseudogauge potential. We show that, by using chiral kinetic theory, the chiral Hall effect appears as a response to a real time-varying electric field in the presence of structural distortion and it causes spatial chirality and charges separation in a Weyl system. We also show that the coupling of the electrons to acoustic phonons as a gapless excitation leads to emerging an optical absorption peak at $ω=ω_{el}$, where $ω_{el}$ is defined as a characteristic frequency associated with the pseudomagnetic field. We also propose the strain-induced planar Hall effect as another transport signature of the chiral-anomaly equation.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures (Introduction part and References are changed). To appear in Phys. Rev. B (2020)
Monopole clusters, center vortices, and confinement in a Z(2) gauge-Higgs system
Creators: name: Gliozzi, F.
name: Rago, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to use the different kinds of vacua of the gauge theories coupled to matter as a laboratory to test confinement ideas of pure Yang-Mills theories. In particular, the very poor overlap of the Wilson loop with the broken string states supports the 't Hooft and Mandelstam confinement criteria. However in the Z(2) gauge-Higgs model we use as a guide we find that the condensation of monopoles and center vortices is a necessary, but not sufficient condition for confinement.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, minor changes, version to be published on Phys. Rev. D
Backup capacity coordination with renewable energy certificates in a regional electricity market
Creators: name: Yingjue Zhou
name: Tieming Liu
name: Chaoyue Zhao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: This article studies a coordination mechanism between a renewable energy supplier and a conventional supplier in a regional electricity market. The intermittent nature of the renewable supplier results in random power shortages. Though the renewable supplier can buy backup power from a conventional supplier who prepares backup capacity to cover the shortage, there is no commitment that enough backup capacity will be prepared without any incentives to the conventional supplier. We design a coordination mechanism where the renewable supplier offers the conventional supplier Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) proportional to the backup capacity committed. We prove that this mechanism coordinates the conventional supplier’s decision on backup capacity and can arbitrarily split the system profit between the two suppliers. Our analytical results show that when the shortage cost increases, the backup capacity increases, the REC offering rate increases, the total profit decreases, and the renewable supplier’s profit decreases but the conventional supplier’s profit increases. We also show analytically that the social welfare under this mechanism is higher than in the decentralized case unless the regional environment is extremely sensitive to conventional power’s carbon footprint, and the benefit of buffering power shortage cannot compensate for the damage to the environment.
Supporting a Regional Agricultural Sector with Geo & Mainstream ICT – the Case Study of Space4Agri Project
Creators: name: Kliment, T.
name: Bordogna, G.
name: Frigerio, L.
name: Stroppiana, D.
name: Crema, A.
name: Boschetti, M.
name: Sterlacchini, S.
name: Brivio, P. A.
name: Kliment, T.
name: Bordogna, G.
name: Frigerio, L.
name: Stroppiana, D.
name: Crema, A.
name: Boschetti, M.
name: Sterlacchini, S.
name: Brivio, P. A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agriculture
subject: Geo & Mainstream ICT
subject: Space4Agri
subject: Lombardy

description: Agriculture is a global issue nowadays. At the European level, it is a sector, in which we are investing many resources. In particular, the Agri-Food sector plays a central role in the policies of the European Commission and the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, as well as being the main theme of Expo 2015 that will be held in Milan, Lombardy. In the Lombardy region, the farmers represent 2% of the entire population, cultivating about 80% of the agricultural land. Increasing needs to develop a common body of knowledge shared at the regional and national level so as to make it possible to effectively monitor cropping systems, water stress and impacts of climate changes affecting more frequently the territory, are becoming more and more urgent. In this context, the project Space4Agri (S4A) intends to support the regional and local needs in terms of management of the agriculture sector, by designing and developing an information and knowledge based platform for managing geospatial and mainstream information by making it accessible over the Internet by standard communication technologies (Geo&Mainstream ICT). This platform has been designed to allow data workflows integrating i) spatial data and observations, ii) non-spatial information available from existing agronomic databases, iii) data collected in the field by farmers, agronomists and volunteers using mobile applications, iv) data collected by unmanned aerial sensors, and/or data produced by researchers as a result of applying scientific analysis on high quality remote sensing data. Foreseen results of the Space4Agri project and from other similar ongoing research activities may significantly spur the socio-economic development of Europe and create new growth opportunities for companies, public administrations, students and citizens.
MOESM4 of Wrist pain: a systematic review of prevalence and risk factors– what is the role of occupation and activity?
Creators: name: R. Ferguson
name: N. Riley
name: A. Wijendra
name: N. Thurley
name: A. Carr
name: BJF, Dean
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Details of the risk of bias domains against which studies were deemed at ‘high’, ‘low’ or ‘unclear’ risk of bias.
Deep Green Function Convolution for Improving Saliency in Convolutional Neural Networks
Creators: name: Beaini, Dominique
name: Achiche, Sofiane
name: Duperré, Alexandre
name: Raison, Maxime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Current saliency methods require to learn large scale regional features using small convolutional kernels, which is not possible with a simple feed-forward network. Some methods solve this problem by using segmentation into superpixels while others downscale the image through the network and rescale it back to its original size. The objective of this paper is to show that saliency convolutional neural networks (CNN) can be improved by using a Green's function convolution (GFC) to extrapolate edges features into salient regions. The GFC acts as a gradient integrator, allowing to produce saliency features by filling thin edges directly inside the CNN. Hence, we propose the gradient integration and sum (GIS) layer that combines the edges features with the saliency features. Using the HED and DSS architecture, we demonstrated that adding a GIS layer near the network's output allows to reduce the sensitivity to the parameter initialization, to reduce the overfitting and to improve the repeatability of the training. By simply adding a GIS layer to the state-of-the-art DSS model, there is an absolute increase of 1.6% for the F-measure on the DUT-OMRON dataset, with only 10ms of additional computation time. The GIS layer further allows the network to perform significantly better in the case of highly noisy images or low-brightness images. In fact, we observed an F-measure improvement of 5.2% when noise was added to the dataset and 2.8% when the brightness was reduced. Since the GIS layer is model agnostic, it can be implemented into different fully convolutional networks. A major contribution of the current work is the first implementation of Green's function convolution inside a neural network, which allows the network to operate in the feature domain and in the gradient domain at the same time, thus improving the regional representation via edge filling.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures
General Gauss-Bonnet brane cosmology
Creators: name: Charmousis, Christos
name: Dufaux, Jean-Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider 5-dimensional spacetimes of constant 3-dimensional spatial curvature in the presence of a bulk cosmological constant. We find the general solution of such a configuration in the presence of a Gauss-Bonnet term. Two classes of non-trivial bulk solutions are found. The first class is valid only under a fine tuning relation between the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant and the cosmological constant of the bulk spacetime. The second class of solutions are static and are the extensions of the AdS-Schwarzchild black holes. Hence in the absence of a cosmological constant or if the fine tuning relation is not true, the generalised Birkhoff's staticity theorem holds even in the presence of Gauss-Bonnet curvature terms. We examine the consequences in brane world cosmology obtaining the generalised Friedmann equations for a perfect fluid 3-brane and discuss how this modifies the usual scenario.
description: 20 pages, no figures, typos corrected, refs added, section IV changed yielding novel results