cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Coherent multiple scattering and dihadron correlations in heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Qiu, Jianwei
name: Vitev, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic calculation of the coherent multiple parton scattering with several nucleons in lepton-nucleus and hadron-nucleus collisions. We show that in l+A reactions coherence leads to nuclear shadowing in the structure functions and a modification of the QCD sum rules. In p+A reactions we evaluate the nuclear suppression of single and double inclusive hadron production at moderate transverse momenta. We demonstrate that both spectra and dihadron correlations in p+A collisions at RHIC are sensitive measures of such dynamical nuclear attenuation effects.
description: Proceedings of the "32nd International Conference on High Energy Physics", August 16 - 22, 2004, Beijing, China. 4 pages, 4 figures
FRB 121102 Bursts at a Constant Rate per Log Time
Creators: name: Tabor, Elisa
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite many searches for periodicity in the repeating fast radio burst FRB 121102, the underlying pattern of bursts does not appear to be a periodic one. We report a logarithmic repetition pattern in FRB 121102 in the sense that the rate falls off inversely with time for each set of bursts. This result implies that repeating FRB sources are not necessarily associated with a pulsar, but rather could be caused by a different type of phenomenon that involves an equal amount of energy output per log time.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJL
Syzygies of Curves in Products of Projective Spaces
Creators: name: Cobb, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13D02, 14M25

description: Motivated by toric geometry, we lift machinery for understanding syzygies of curves in projective space to the setting of products of projective spaces. Using this machinery, we show an analogue of an influential result of Gruson, Peskine, and Lazarsfeld that gives a bound on the regularity of a possibly singular curve given its degree and the dimension of the ambient projective space. To do so, we show new results linking the shape of multigraded resolutions of a sheaf to its regularity region.
description: 17 pages; added revisions according to referee comments
Additional file 1 of Computational strategies for the preconditioned conjugate gradient method applied to ssSNPBLUP, with an application to a multivariate maternal model
Creators: name: Vandenplas, Jeremie
name: Eding, Herwin
name: Bosmans, Maarten
name: Calus, Mario P. L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1. Derivation of formula to approximate diag$${\mathbf{Z^{\prime}A}}_{{gg}}^{{ - {\mathbf{1}}}} {\mathbf{Z}}$$Z′Agg-1Z and diag$$(\bf{Z}'{{A}^{\it{gn}}}{{({{A}^{\it{nn}}})}^{-1}}{{A}^{\it{ng}}}Z)$$(Z′Agn(Ann)-1AngZ) . Derivation of formula to approximate diag$$\bf{{Z}'A}_{\it{gg}}^{-1}Z$$Z′Agg-1Zand diag$$(\bf{Z}'{{A}^{\it{gn}}}{{({{A}^{\it{nn}}})}^{-1}}{{A}^{\it{ng}}}Z)$$(Z′Agn(Ann)-1AngZ)[33–35].
Swarm-SLAM : Sparse Decentralized Collaborative Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Framework for Multi-Robot Systems
Creators: name: Lajoie, Pierre-Yves
name: Beltrame, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Collaborative Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (C-SLAM) is a vital component for successful multi-robot operations in environments without an external positioning system, such as indoors, underground or underwater. In this paper, we introduce Swarm-SLAM, an open-source C-SLAM system that is designed to be scalable, flexible, decentralized, and sparse, which are all key properties in swarm robotics. Our system supports inertial, lidar, stereo, and RGB-D sensing, and it includes a novel inter-robot loop closure prioritization technique that reduces communication and accelerates convergence. We evaluated our ROS-2 implementation on five different datasets, and in a real-world experiment with three robots communicating through an ad-hoc network. Our code is publicly available: https://github.com/MISTLab/Swarm-SLAM
description: Code: https://github.com/MISTLab/Swarm-SLAM
title: Peer effect estimation through a covariate-adjusted regression discontinuity design
Creators: name: Zuzek, Simon
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Regression Discontinuity Design
subject: Peer effects
subject: Covariate-adjustment
subject: labor market network
subject: coworker effects

description: This thesis uses data on the Austrian labor market to obtain an estimate of a peer effect in parental leave decisions among young fathers. Identification arises through a reform of parental leave, when higher benefits led to an increase in the participation rate of 4.7 - 6.6 percentage points. I use the resulting discontinuity around the implementation date of the reform to implement a fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD), which allows to obtain estimates of a peer effect of reform-window fathers on their coworkers. I include additional covariates on the observations in order to increase the precision of the estimator and discuss relevant theoretical results on asymptotic inference. The results indicate a quantitatively large increase of the coworker participation rate of 13 - 28 percentage points, however statistical significance of the peer effect is weak.
Modelling the interaction between recovery, recrystallization and precipitation in AA6111
Creators: name: Go, Johnson
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The present work investigates the evolution of microstructure during the annealing of an industrial precipitation hardened aluminum alloy AA6111. Special emphasis is placed on understanding the interaction between recovery, recrystallization and precipitation through a combination of experimental and modelling approaches. Experimentally, extensive heat treatments were carried out to study the effect of varying initial precipitate conditions on the isothermal annealing behaviour of the alloy in the temperature range of 250-445°C. A total of four prior aging conditions were considered: naturally aged (T4), peak aged (PA), overaged (OA) and severely overaged (SOA). It was found that recrystallization was severely retarded at the annealing temperature of 325°C irrespective of prior precipitate conditions. Microscopic evidence confirmed that the growth of recrystallizing grains is directly related to the non-uniform spatial distribution of precipitates. Subsequently, a new microstructure model was developed to link the changes in the microstructure to the mechanical properties of the alloys. The model which was developed based on the internal state variable approach is capable of translating quantitatively the interaction between recovery, subgrain growth, recrystallization and precipitation into a yield stress vs. time relationship. The effect of non-uniform distribution of precipitates was considered explicitly by using a simple rule of mixtures. The validity of the model was verified by comparing the model calculations to the experimental data obtained from overaged 40% cold rolled AA6111.
Mass formulas for individual black holes in merging binaries
Creators: name: Ozkarsligil, Zeynep Tugce
name: Tekin, Bayram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give formulas for individual black hole masses in a merger, by using Newtonian physics, in terms of the three measured quantities in the detector: the initial wave frequency $f_1$, the maximum detected frequency (chirp frequency) $f_2$, and the time elapse $τ$ between these two frequencies. Newtonian gravity provides an excellent pedagogical tool to understand the basic features of gravitational wave observations, but it must be augmented with the assumption of gravitational radiation from General Relativity for accelerating masses as there is no gravitational wave in Newtonian gravity. The simplest approach would be to consider a binary system of two non-spinning masses (two black holes) circling their common center of mass. All the computations can be done within Newtonian physics, but the General Relativistic formula for the power carried by gravitational waves is required in this scheme. It turns out there is a subtle point: for the consistency of this simple, yet pedagogical computation, taking the lowest order power formula from General Relativity leads to complex individual masses. Here we remedy this problem and {suggest} a way to write down an average power formula coming from perturbative General Relativity.
description: 9 pages, matches the published version
The effect of differential accretion on the Gravitational Wave Background and the present day MBH Binary population
Creators: name: Siwek, Magdalena S.
name: Kelley, Luke Zoltan
name: Hernquist, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) form as a consequence of galaxy mergers. However, it is still unclear whether they typically merge within a Hubble time, and how accretion may affect their evolution. These questions will be addressed by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), which aim to detect the GW background (GWB) emitted by MBHBs during the last Myrs of inspiral. Here we investigate the influence of differential accretion on MBHB merger rates, chirp masses and the resulting GWB spectrum. We evolve a MBHB sample from the Illustris hydrodynamic cosmological simulation using semi-analytic models and for the first time self-consistently evolve their masses with binary accretion models. In all models, MBHBs coalesce with median total masses up to $1.5 \times 10^8 M_{\odot}$, up to $3-4$ times larger than in models neglecting accretion. In our model with the largest plausible impact, the median mass ratio of coalescing MBHBs increases by a factor $3.6$, the coalescence rate by $52.3\%$, and the GWB amplitude by a factor $4.0$, yielding a dimensionless GWB strain $A_{yr^{-1}} = 1 \times 10^{-15}$. Our model that favours accretion onto the primary MBH reduces the median mass ratio of coalescing MBHBs by a factor of $2.9$, and yields a GWB amplitude $A_{yr^{-1}} = 3.1 \times 10^{-16}$. This is nearly indistinguishable from our model neglecting accretion, despite higher MBHB masses at coalescence. \textbf{We further predict binary separation and mass ratio distributions of stalled MBHBs in the low-redshift universe, and find that these depend sensitively on binary accretion models. This presents the potential for combined EM and GW observational constraints on merger rates and accretion models of MBHB populations.}
description: Updated to appropriately reference previous work by Sesana & Barausse et al
Direct Measurements of A_b and A_c using Vertex/Kaon Charge Tags at SLD
Creators: name: SLD Collaboration
name: Abe, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exploiting the manipulation of the SLC electron-beam polarization, we present precise direct measurements of the parity violation parameters A_c and A_b in the Z boson - c quark and Z boson - b quark coupling. Quark/antiquark discrimination is accomplished via a unique algorithm that takes advantage of the precise SLD CCD vertex detector, employing the net charge of displaced vertices as well as the charge of kaons that emanate from those vertices. From the 1996-98 sample of 400,000 Z decays, produced with an average beam polarization of 73.4%, we find A_c = 0.673 +/- 0.029 (stat.) +/- 0.023 (syst.) and A_b = 0.919 +/- 0.018 (stat.) +/- 0.017 (syst.).
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, to be submitted to Physical Review Letters; version 2 reflects changes suggested by the referee
A vision-based autonomous UAV inspection framework for unknown tunnel construction sites with dynamic obstacles
Creators: name: Xu, Zhefan
name: Chen, Baihan
name: Zhan, Xiaoyang
name: Xiu, Yumeng
name: Suzuki, Christopher
name: Shimada, Kenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Tunnel construction using the drill-and-blast method requires the 3D measurement of the excavation front to evaluate underbreak locations. Considering the inspection and measurement task's safety, cost, and efficiency, deploying lightweight autonomous robots, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), becomes more necessary and popular. Most of the previous works use a prior map for inspection viewpoint determination and do not consider dynamic obstacles. To maximally increase the level of autonomy, this paper proposes a vision-based UAV inspection framework for dynamic tunnel environments without using a prior map. Our approach utilizes a hierarchical planning scheme, decomposing the inspection problem into different levels. The high-level decision maker first determines the task for the robot and generates the target point. Then, the mid-level path planner finds the waypoint path and optimizes the collision-free static trajectory. Finally, the static trajectory will be fed into the low-level local planner to avoid dynamic obstacles and navigate to the target point. Besides, our framework contains a novel dynamic map module that can simultaneously track dynamic obstacles and represent static obstacles based on an RGB-D camera. After inspection, the Structure-from-Motion (SfM) pipeline is applied to generate the 3D shape of the target. To our best knowledge, this is the first time autonomous inspection has been realized in unknown and dynamic tunnel environments. Our flight experiments in a real tunnel prove that our method can autonomously inspect the tunnel excavation front surface. Our software is available on GitHub as an open-source ROS package.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
title: 02_1479
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Additional file 1 of Influence of two different feeding strategies in the dry period on dry matter intake and plasma protein peroxidative and antioxidative profile during dry period and early lactation
Creators: name: Gundelach, Yasmin
name: Streuff, Beate
name: Franczyk, Monika
name: Kankofer, Marta
name: Hoedemaker, Martina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1 Least squares means ± SE of dry matter intake (kg/animal/day), energy intake (MJ/animal/day) and arithmetic mean concentration of bityrosine bridges, formylkinurine, sulfhydryl residues, total antioxidant capacity in blood plasma of “one-phase” (n = 20) and “two-phase”(n = 20) fed cows from five weeks a.p. up to six weeks p.p.. P-value for the time comparison within the groups.
Fragmentation of Partons
Creators: name: Kretzer, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of parton fragmentation in QCD hard scattering phenomenology as well as NLO pQCD analysis of fragmentation functions are outlined. Hadroproduction of pions of a few GeV pT is discussed through the example of recent measurements at \sqrt{S_{RHIC}}=200 GeV.
description: 7 pages; Presented at XXXIV International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics, July 26-August 1, 2004, Sonoma County, California, USA
Wiedemann-Franz law in scattering theory revisited
Creators: name: Karki, D. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The violation of Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law has been widely discussed in quantum transport experiments as an indication of deviation from Fermi-liquid behavior. The conventional form of WF law is only concerned with the transmission function at Fermi-level which, however, vanishes in many practical situations. We reinvestigate the WF law in noninteracting quantum systems with vanishing zero energy transmission and report a universal number $21/5$ as an upper bound of Lorenz ratio $\mathscr{R}$ in weakly energy-dependent scattering theory. We provide different experimental realizations for the observation of $\mathscr{R}=21/5$ namely the transport setups with graphene, the multi-level quantum dot and double quantum dot. The reported universal Lorenz ratio paves an efficient way of experimentally obtaining the information about the associated quantum interferences in the system. Our work also provides enough evidence which concludes that the violation of WF law does not necessarily imply the non-Fermi-liquid nature of underlying transport processes; equally, the Fermi-liquid transport characteristics cannot be concluded by an observed validation of WF law.
Relation between the noise correlations and the spin structure factor for Mott-insulating states in SU$(N)$ Hubbard models
Creators: name: Mikkelsen, Mathias
name: Danshita, Ippei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well established that the noise correlations measured by time-of-flight imaging in cold-atom experiments, which correspond to the density-density correlations in the momentum space of trapped atomic gases, can probe the spin structure factor deep in the Mott-insulating regime of SU(2) Hubbard models. We explicitly derive the mathematical relation between the noise correlations and the spin structure factor in the strong-interaction limit of SU$(N)$ Hubbard models at any integer filling $ρ$. By calculating the ground states of one-dimensional SU$(N)$ Fermi-Hubbard models for $2\leq N\leq 6$ with use of the density-matrix renormalization-group method, we confirm the relation numerically in the regime of strong interactions $U \gg t$, where $U$ and $t$ denote the onsite interaction and the hopping energy. We show that the deviation between the actual noise correlations and those obtained from the spin structure factor scales as approximately $(t/U)^2$ for $ρ=1$ at intermediate and large lattice sizes on the basis of numeric and semi-analytic arguments.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures. Fixed sign error in eqs. (14,16,17,18). This error had no effect on any of the numerical results or conclusions
Validity of Quantum Adiabatic Theorem
Creators: name: Wu, Zhaoyan
name: Yang, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The consistency of quantum adiabatic theorem has been doubted recently. It is shown in the present paper that the difference between the adiabatic solution and the exact solution to the Schrodinger equation with a slowly changing driving Hamiltonian is small; while the difference between their time derivatives is not small. This explains why substituting the adiabatic solution back into Schrodinger equation leads to "inconsisitency" of the adiabatic theorem. Physics is determined completely by the state vector, and not by its time drivative. Therefore the quantum adiabatic theorem is physically correct.
description: Reference [6] has been published as "Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 160408(2004)" recently. It was quoted as "quant-ph/0404022 v6"
Massive Black Hole Binary Evolution
Creators: name: Merritt, David
name: Milosavljevic, Milos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coalescence of binary supermassive black holes (SBHs) would constitute the strongest sources of gravitational waves to be observed by LISA. While the formation of binary SBHs during galaxy mergers is almost inevitable, coalescence requires that the separation between binary components first drop by a few orders of magnitude, due presumably to interaction of the binary with stars and gas in a galactic nucleus. This article reviews the observational evidence for binary SBHs and discusses how they would evolve. No completely convincing case of a bound, binary SBH has yet been found, although a handful of systems (e.g. interacting galaxies; remnants of galaxy mergers) are now believed to contain two SBHs at projected separations of roughly one kpc. N-body studies of binary evolution in gas-free galaxies have reached large enough particle numbers to reproduce the slow, "diffusive" refilling of the binary's loss cone that is believed to characterize binary evolution in real galactic nuclei. While some of the results of these simulations -- e.g. the binary hardening rate and eccentricity evolution -- are strongly $N$-dependent, others -- e.g. the "damage" inflicted by the binary on the nucleus -- are not. Luminous early-type galaxies often exhibit depleted cores with masses of 1-2 times the mass of their nuclear SBHs, consistent with the predictions of the binary model. Studies of the interaction of massive binaries with gas are still in their infancy, although much progress is expected in the near future. Binary coalescence has a large influence on the spins of SBHs, even for mass ratios as extreme as 10:1, and evidence of spin-flips may have been observed.
description: 63 pages, to appear in Living Reviews in Relativity
Learned Interferometric Imaging for the SPIDER Instrument
Creators: name: Mars, Matthijs
name: Betcke, Marta M.
name: McEwen, Jason D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The Segmented Planar Imaging Detector for Electro-Optical Reconnaissance (SPIDER) is an optical interferometric imaging device that aims to offer an alternative to the large space telescope designs of today with reduced size, weight and power consumption. This is achieved through interferometric imaging. State-of-the-art methods for reconstructing images from interferometric measurements adopt proximal optimization techniques, which are computationally expensive and require handcrafted priors. In this work we present two data-driven approaches for reconstructing images from measurements made by the SPIDER instrument. These approaches use deep learning to learn prior information from training data, increasing the reconstruction quality, and significantly reducing the computation time required to recover images by orders of magnitude. Reconstruction time is reduced to ${\sim} 10$ milliseconds, opening up the possibility of real-time imaging with SPIDER for the first time. Furthermore, we show that these methods can also be applied in domains where training data is scarce, such as astronomical imaging, by leveraging transfer learning from domains where plenty of training data are available.
description: 21 pages, 14 figures
Cobordism Conjecture, Anomalies, and the String Lamppost Principle
Creators: name: Montero, Miguel
name: Vafa, Cumrun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider consequences of triviality of cobordism classes and anomaly cancellation in supergravity theories in $d>6$. We argue that this leads to the existence of certain defects which we call "I-folds" (a generalization of orientifolds). The requirement that compactifications to lower dimensions involving these defects be anomaly free leads to conditions on the higher dimensional theory. We show that in theories with 16 supercharges in $d>6$ this leads to restrictions on the rank of the allowed gauge groups and thus provides an explanation for the observed restrictions in known string theory constructions. In particular, in eight and nine dimensions the only solutions to our constraints are precisely the ones realized in string theory compactifications. We also use these techniques to place constraints on the global structure of the gauge group in eight and nine dimensions.
description: 33 pages + appendices, 3 tables. v2: References added, minor changes
Potential For Liquid Water Biochemistry Deep Under The Surfaces Of The Moon, Mars And Beyond
Creators: name: Lingam, Manasvi
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the prospects for the past or current existence of habitable conditions deep underneath the surfaces of the Moon and Mars as well as generic bound and free-floating extrasolar rocky objects. We construct a simple model that takes into account the thermal limits of life as well as the size, surface temperature, and relative radionuclide abundance of a given object and yields the spatial extent of the subsurface habitable region. We also investigate the constraint imposed by pressure on habitability, and show that it is unlikely to rule out the prospects for life altogether. We estimate the maximum biomass that might be sustainable in deep subsurface environments as a function of the aforementioned parameters from an energetic perspective. We find that it might be a few percent that of Earth's subsurface biosphere, and three orders of magnitude smaller than Earth's global biomass, under ideal circumstances. We conclude with a brief exposition of the prevalence of rocky objects with deep biospheres and methods for detecting signatures of biological activity through forthcoming missions to visit the Moon and Mars.
description: Published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters; 8 pages; 3 figures
Spinning Metasurface Stack for Spectro-polarimetric Thermal Imaging
Creators: name: Wang, Xueji
name: Yang, Ziyi
name: Bao, Fanglin
name: Sentz, Tyler
name: Jacob, Zubin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectro-polarimetric imaging in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) region plays a crucial role in applications from night vision and machine perception to trace gas sensing and thermography. However, the current generation of spectro-polarimetric LWIR imagers suffer from limitations in size, spectral resolution and field of view (FOV). While meta-optics-based strategies for spectro-polarimetric imaging have been explored in the visible spectrum, their potential for thermal imaging remains largely unexplored. In this work, we introduce a novel approach for spectro-polarimetric decomposition by combining large-area stacked meta-optical devices with advanced computational imaging algorithms. The co-design of a stack of spinning dispersive metasurfaces along with compressed sensing and dictionary learning algorithms allows simultaneous spectral and polarimetric resolution without the need for bulky filter wheels or interferometers. Our spinning-metasurface-based spectro polarimetric stack is compact (< 10 x 10 x 10 cm), robust, and offers a wide field of view (20.5°). We show that the spectral resolving power of our system substantially enhances performance in machine learning tasks such as material classification, a challenge for conventional panchromatic thermal cameras. Our approach represents a significant advance in the field of thermal imaging for a wide range of applications including heat-assisted detection and ranging (HADAR).
Theory of disordered flux-line liquids
Creators: name: Ettouhami, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the equilibrium statics and nonequilibrium driven dynamics of flux line liquids in presence of a random pinning potential. Under the assumption of replica symmetry, we find in the static case using a replica Gaussian variational method that the only effect of disorder is to increase the tilt modulus and the confining "mass" of the internal modes of the flux lines, thus decreasing their thermal wandering. In the nonequilibrium, driven case, we derive the long scale, coarse-grained equation of motion of the vortices in presence of disorder, which apart from new Kardar-Parisi-Zhang nonlinearities, has the same form as the equation of motion for unpinned vortices, with renormalized coefficients. This implies, in particular, that the structure factor of a disordered vortex liquid has the same functional form as in the absence of pinning, in disagreement with the results of previous hydrodynamic methods. The expression of the static structure factor derived within our approach is consistent both with experimental data and with the standard theory of elasticity of vortex lattices.
description: 27 pages, 1 figure; added a new Appendix; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Solving Richly Constrained Reinforcement Learning through State Augmentation and Reward Penalties
Creators: name: Jiang, Hao
name: Mai, Tien
name: Varakantham, Pradeep
name: Hoang, Minh Huy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Constrained Reinforcement Learning has been employed to enforce safety constraints on policy through the use of expected cost constraints. The key challenge is in handling expected cost accumulated using the policy and not just in a single step. Existing methods have developed innovative ways of converting this cost constraint over entire policy to constraints over local decisions (at each time step). While such approaches have provided good solutions with regards to objective, they can either be overly aggressive or conservative with respect to costs. This is owing to use of estimates for "future" or "backward" costs in local cost constraints.
 To that end, we provide an equivalent unconstrained formulation to constrained RL that has an augmented state space and reward penalties. This intuitive formulation is general and has interesting theoretical properties. More importantly, this provides a new paradigm for solving constrained RL problems effectively. As we show in our experimental results, we are able to outperform leading approaches on multiple benchmark problems from literature.
Additional file 1 of A systematic review of metabolomic dysregulation in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease (CFS/ME/SEID)
Creators: name: Huth, Teilah Kathryn
name: Eaton-Fitch, Natalie
name: Staines, Donald
name: Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Control Studies. This file also contains the JBI Critical Appraisal justification for each of the included studies.
ExoReL$^\Re$: A Bayesian Inverse Retrieval Framework For Exoplanetary Reflected Light Spectra
Creators: name: Damiano, Mario
name: Hu, Renyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The high-contrast imaging technique is meant to provide insight into those planets orbiting several astronomical units from their host star. Space missions such as WFIRST, HabEx, and LUVOIR will measure reflected light spectra of cold gaseous and rocky planets. To interpret these observations we introduce ExoReL$^\Re$ (Exoplanetary Reflected Light Retrieval), a novel Bayesian retrieval framework to retrieve cloud properties and atmospheric structures from exoplanetary reflected light spectra. As a unique feature, it assumes a vertically non-uniform volume mixing ratio profile of water and ammonia, and use it to construct cloud densities. In this way, clouds and molecular mixture ratios are consistent. We apply ExoReL$^\Re$ on three test cases: two exoplanets ($\upsilon$ And e and 47 Uma b) and Jupiter. We show that we are able to retrieve the concentration of methane in the atmosphere, and estimate the position of clouds when the S/N of the spectrum is higher than 15, in line with previous works. Moreover, we described the ability of our model of giving a chemical identity to clouds, and we discussed whether or not we can observe this difference in the planetary reflection spectrum. Finally, we demonstrate how it could be possible to retrieve molecular concentrations (water and ammonia in this work) below the clouds by linking the non-uniform volume mixing ratio profile to the cloud presence. This will help to constrain the concentration of water and ammonia unseen in direct measurements.
description: 20 pages, 16 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in AJ
Additional file 3 of Interleukin 4 inducible 1 gene (IL4I1) is induced in chicken phagocytes by Salmonella Enteritidis infection
Creators: name: Elsheimer-Matulova, Marta
name: Polansky, Ondrej
name: Seidlerova, Zuzana
name: Varmuzova, Karolina
name: Stepanova, Hana
name: Fedr, Radek
name: Rychlik, Ivan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 3. 3 Nucleotide sequences of the CRISPR/Cas target region in HD11 IL4I1 +/+ cells and IL4I1-/- clones.
Suppression of Groups Intermingling as Appealing Option For Flattening and Delaying the Epidemiological Curve While Allowing Economic and Social Life at Bearable Level During COVID-19 Pandemic
Creators: name: Baldea, Ioan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In this work, we simulate the COVID-19 pandemic dynamics in a population modeled as a network of groups wherein infection can propagate both via intra-group and via inter-group interactions. Our results emphasize the importance of diminishing the inter-group infections in the effort of substantial flattening and delaying of the epi(demiologic) curve with concomitant mitigation of disastrous economy and social consequences. To exemplify with a limiting case, splitting a population into m (say, 5 or 10) noninteracting groups while keeping intra-group interaction unchanged yields a stretched epidemiologic curve having the maximum number of daily infections reduced and postponed in time by the same factor $m$ (5 or 10). More generally, our study suggests a practical approach to fight against SARS-CoV-2 virus spread based on population splitting into groups and minimizing intermingling between them. This strategy can be pursued by large-scale infrastructure reorganization of activity at different levels in big logistic units (e.g., large productive networks, factories, enterprises, warehouses, schools, (seasonal) harvest work). Importantly, unlike total lockdwon strategy, the proposed approach prevents economic ruin and keeps social life at a more bearable level than distancing everyone from anyone. Last but not least, the declaration, for the first time in Europe, that COVID-19 epidemic ended in the two million people Slovenia may be taken as confirming the advantage of the strategy proposed in this paper.
Initial results from the HARP experiment at CERN
Creators: name: Gomez-Cadenas, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Initial results on particle yields obtained by the HARP experiment are presented. The measurements correspond to proton--nucleus collisions at beam energies of 12.9 $GeV/c$ and for a thin Al target of 5% interacion legth. The angular range considered is between 10 and 250 $mrad$. This results are the first step in the upcoming measurement of the forward production cross-section for the same target and beam energy, relevant for the calculation of the far--to--near ratio of the K2K experiment.
description: Presented at the Neutrino 2004 Internation Conference
Accelerating Genome Analysis: A Primer on an Ongoing Journey
Creators: name: Alser, Mohammed
name: Bingöl, Zülal
name: Cali, Damla Senol
name: Kim, Jeremie
name: Ghose, Saugata
name: Alkan, Can
name: Mutlu, Onur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Genome analysis fundamentally starts with a process known as read mapping, where sequenced fragments of an organism's genome are compared against a reference genome. Read mapping is currently a major bottleneck in the entire genome analysis pipeline, because state-of-the-art genome sequencing technologies are able to sequence a genome much faster than the computational techniques employed to analyze the genome. We describe the ongoing journey in significantly improving the performance of read mapping. We explain state-of-the-art algorithmic methods and hardware-based acceleration approaches. Algorithmic approaches exploit the structure of the genome as well as the structure of the underlying hardware. Hardware-based acceleration approaches exploit specialized microarchitectures or various execution paradigms (e.g., processing inside or near memory). We conclude with the challenges of adopting these hardware-accelerated read mappers.
description: This is an extended and updated version of a paper published in IEEE Micro, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 65-75, 1 Sept.-Oct. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/MM.2020.3013728
Temperature Dependence of the Magnetic Susceptibility for Triangular-Lattice Antiferromagnets with spatially anisotropic exchange constants
Creators: name: Zheng, Weihong
name: Singh, Rajiv R. P.
name: McKenzie, Ross H.
name: Coldea, Radu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the temperature dependence of the uniform susceptibility of spin-half quantum antiferromagnets on spatially anisotropic triangular-lattices, using high temperature series expansions. We consider a model with two exchange constants, $J_1$ and $J_2$ on a lattice that interpolates between the limits of a square-lattice ($J_1=0$), a triangular-lattice ($J_2=J_1$), and decoupled linear chains ($J_2=0$). In all cases, the susceptibility which has a Curie-Weiss behavior at high temperatures, rolls over and begins to decrease below a peak temperature, $T_p$. Scaling the exchange constants to get the same peak temperature, shows that the susceptibilities for the square-lattice and linear chain limits have similar magnitudes near the peak. Maximum deviation arises near the triangular-lattice limit, where frustration leads to much smaller susceptibility and with a flatter temperature dependence. We compare our results to the inorganic materials Cs$_2$CuCl$_4$ and Cs$_2$CuBr$_4$ and to a number of organic molecular crystals. We find that the former (Cs$_2$CuCl$_4$ and Cs$_2$CuBr$_4$) are weakly frustrated and their exchange parameters determined through the temperature dependence of the susceptibility are in agreement with neutron-scattering measurements. In contrast, the organic materials are strongly frustrated with exchange parameters near the isotropic triangular-lattice limit.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures and 1 table, revised version
Bottonium mass - evaluation using renormalon cancellation
Creators: name: Contreras, C.
name: Cvetic, G.
name: Gaete, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method of calculating the bottonium mass M[Upsilon(1S)] = [2 mb + E(b barb)]. The binding energy is separated into the soft and ultrasoft components E(b barb)=[E(s)+E(us)] by requiring the reproduction of the correct residue parameter value of the renormalon singularity for the renormalon cancellation in the sum [2 mb + E(s)]. The Borel resummation is then performed separately for (2 mb) and E(s), using the infrared safe MSbar mass [bar mb] as input. E(us) is estimated. Comparing the result with the measured value of M[Upsilon(1S)], the extracted value of the quark mass is [bar mb](mu=[bar mb]) = 4.241 +- 0.068 GeV (for the central value alphas(MZ)=0.1180). This value of [bar mb] is close to the earlier values obtained from the QCD spectral sum rules, but lower than from pQCD evaluations without the renormalon structure for heavy quarkonia.
description: 4 pages, uses espcrc2.sty, presented at QCD04
Catalytic leaching of silver with ferricyanide-cyanide solution
Creators: name: Xie, Feng
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Significantly lower silver extraction than gold has been commonly observed in gold-silver cyanidation plants, especially in heap leaching operations. The different mineralogy of gold and silver in the ores is suspected to be the main reason, e.g., the occurrence of low solubility acanthite may result in low overall silver extraction. Leaching of silver sulfide with ferricyanide and its potential application on gold-silver ores has been investigated with the purpose of increasing the silver extraction. It was found that under the experimental leaching conditions (0.5 g/1 NaCN, 0.5 g/1 Fe as K₃Fe(CN)₆, pH =11.5, N₂, room temperature), the main reaction during leaching of silver sulfide with ferricyanide-cyanide solution is, Ag₂S + 5 CN ̄+ 2Fe(CN)₆³ ̄=2Fe(CN)₆⁴ ̄+CNS ̄ + 2Ag(CN)₂ ̄ indicating that at least 6 kg K₃Fe(CN)₆ would be needed to extracted 1 kg silver from the pure silver sulfide. The dissolution of silver sulfide and gold in ferricyanide-cyanide solution was examined by performing a series of rotating disc tests. The results indicated that the dissolution rate of Ag₂S in the ferricyanide-cyanide system (0.5 g/1Fe as ferricyanide) is 21 μmol m ̄² s ̄¹ (0.78μm/hr), much higher than the value of 13 μmol m ̄² s ̄¹ (0.38 μm/hr) in aerated cyanide solution. The dissolution rate of gold disc in the same leaching system gives a value of 19 μmol m ̄² s ̄¹ (0.74 μm/hr) which is greater than that in aerated cyanide solution (about 5 μmol m ̄² s ⁻¹ , 0.19 μm/hr). The effect of pH, temperature, ferricyanide and cyanide concentration, and rotating speed on the dissolution rate of silver sulfide and gold in catalytic leaching system were examined. The results indicate a typical diffusion-controlled process for both Ag₂S and Au dissolutions in ferricyanide-cyanide solutions with activation energies of 6.7 kJ/mol and 7.8 kJ/mol respectively. The leaching kinetics of mixed sulfide minerals in ferricyanide-cyanide solutions showed that non-silver sulfide minerals decrease silver extraction from synthetic silver sulfide to different extents. A significant decrease on silver extraction is observed in the presence of chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. It is speculated that most of the available ferricyanide has been consumed by the non-silver sulfide minerals. Catalytic leaching with ferricyanide to improve silver extraction from Veladero and Pierina gold-silver ore has been investigated through tank leaching and column leaching tests. The results of comparison tests show that improvements of Au and Ag extraction are not significant in catalytic leaching over baseline leaching. By analyzing the slurry potential variation, cyanide and alkaline consumptions and sulfide content in the leaching residues, it is believed that non-silver sulfide minerals, such as chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, or pyrite, may compete for the available ferricyanide with acanthite in the ore and limit the efficiency of ferricyanide.