cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Global decline in capacity of coral reefs to provide ecosystem services
Creators: name: Bruno, J.F.
name: Cisneros-Montemayor, A.M.
name: Reygondeau, G.
name: Greer, K.
name: Ota, Y.
name: Palomares, M.L.D.
name: Cheung, W.W.L.
name: Lam, V.W.Y.
name: Eddy, T.D.
Publisher: name: Cell Press
Year: 2021

description: Coral reefs worldwide are facing impacts from climate change, overfishing, habitat destruction, and pollution. The cumulative effect of these impacts on global capacity of coral reefs to provide ecosystem services is unknown. Here, we evaluate global changes in extent of coral reef habitat, coral reef fishery catches and effort, Indigenous consumption of coral reef fishes, and coral-reef-associated biodiversity. Global coverage of living coral has declined by half since the 1950s. Catches of coral-reef-associated fishes peaked in 2002 and are in decline despite increasing fishing effort, and catch-per-unit effort has decreased by 60% since 1950. At least 63% of coral-reef-associated biodiversity has declined with loss of coral extent. With projected continued degradation of coral reefs and associated loss of biodiversity and fisheries catches, the well-being and sustainable coastal development of human communities that depend on coral reef ecosystem services are threatened.
Consecuencias no esperadas y diseño de la legislación de protección del consumidor
Creators: name: Becher, Shmuel
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Las políticas que guían la legislación en materia de protección del consumidor aspiran a lograr el equilibrio correcto entre dos fuerzas encontradas. Por un lado, estas políticas buscan intervenir en el mercado para promover los intereses de los consumidores y protegerlos; por otro lado, buscan evitar intervenciones ineficientes que puedan imponer dificultades excesivas a las empresas. La legislación en materia de protección del consumidor puede influenciar —y ser influenciada por— la innovación, la competencia y la eficiencia general del mercado. La contribución de este artículo es doble. Descriptivamente, busca resaltar las fallas predominantes en el proceso legislativo y el problema de las consecuencias no esperadas. Normativa y prescriptivamente, propone una actitud matizada y sin predisposiciones ante las políticas en la materia, uno que se beneficie de un escepticismo saludable.
Upper-mesophotic and shallow reef corals exhibit similar thermal tolerance, sensitivity and optima
Creators: name: Goodbody-Gringley, G.
name: Ju, R.
name: Gould, K.
name: Bruno, J.F.
Publisher: name: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Year: 2021

description: The physiology of ectotherms living in marine environments is strongly influenced by their local thermal experience. Scleractinian corals living near their thermal optimums are increasingly vulnerable to bleaching and mortality as oceanic heat waves increase globally. Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) below 30 m depths are characteristically cooler than adjacent shallow water reefs, which according to theory should result in differential metabolic responses to temperature between depths. How local temperatures influence physiological responses in mesophotic corals is poorly understood. We compared thermal sensitivities of four coral species between a shallow (5–10 m) and upper-mesophotic (30−35 m) reef in Bermuda. Thermal performance curves (TPC) were measured in laboratory mesocosms for four common coral species (Diploria labyrinthiformis, Orbicella franksi, Montastraea cavernosa andPorites astreoides) across a wide range of temperatures (19−36). Our results indicate that the maximum rate of gross photosynthetic (GP) performance (GP-Pmax) and the mean overall photosynthetic rates (GP-lnc) varied significantly among species. In contrast, thermal sensitivity (Pmax, Topt, lnc, E, Eh, or Th) did not vary between depths for conspecifics except for deactivation energy (GP-Eh) in D. labyrinthiformis. Additionally, gross respiration (R) did not differ among species or between depths for any thermal metric. Similar metabolic responses between depths suggest that local adaptation and/or acclimatization to different thermal conditions is likely not occurring. Instead, upper-mesophotic corals in Bermuda do not have lower bleaching thresholds than shallow water conspecifics, but similar thermal sensitivities supporting the potential for MCEs to function as a thermal refuge.
НЕКОТОРЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ КОНСТИТУЦИОННО-ПРАВОВОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ
Creators: name: ЕВЧЕНКО Л.А.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: КОНСТИТУЦИОННО-ПРАВОВАЯ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ
ЮРИДИЧЕСКАЯ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ
КОНСТИТУЦИОННЫЕ НОРМЫ
ДОКТРИНА
САНКЦИЯ
КОНСТИТУЦИОННЫЙ СУД РФ
CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY
LEGAL LIABILITY
CONSTITUTIONAL NORMS
DOCTRINE
SANCTION
CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

description: Проблематика конституционно-правовой ответственности в современных реалиях занимает особое место в доктрине конституционного права. В данной статье анализируются некоторые вопросы, связанные с выделением конституционно-правовой ответственности в качестве самостоятельного вида юридической ответственности. Приводятся возможные варианты решения анализируемых проблем.The issue of constitutional responsibility in modern realities occupies a special place in the doctrine of constitutional law. This article analyzes some issues related to the allocation of constitutional legal responsibility as an independent type of legal responsibility. Possible solutions to the analyzed problems are given.
Local conditions influence thermal sensitivity of pencil urchin populations (Eucidaris galapagensis) in the Galápagos Archipelago
Creators: name: Bruno, J.F.
name: Silva Romero, I.
name: Brandt, M.
name: Silbiger, N.J.
Publisher: name: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Year: 2021

description: The responses of ectothermic organisms to changes in temperature can be modified by acclimatization or adaptation to local thermal conditions. Thus, the effect of global warming and the deleterious effects of extreme heating events (e.g., heatwaves) on the metabolism and fitness of ectotherms can be population specific and reduced at warmer sites. We tested the hypothesis that when environmental temperature is greater, grazer populations in the Galápagos are less thermally sensitive (potentially due to acclimatization or adaptation). We quantified the acute thermal sensitivity of four populations of the pencil sea urchin, Eucidaris galapagensis, by measuring individual oxygen consumption across a range of temperatures. Thermal performance curves were estimated for each population and compared to local thermal conditions 2 months prior to collection. Results indicate that E. galapagensis populations were adapted and/or acclimatized to short-term local temperature as populations at warmer sites had substantially higher thermal tolerances. The acute thermal optimum (Topt) for the warmest and coolest site populations differed by 3 °C and the Topt was positively correlated with maximum temperature recorded at each site. Additionally, temperature-normalized respiration rate and activation energy (E) were negatively related to the maximum temperature. Understanding the temperature-dependent performance of the pencil urchin (the most significant mesograzer in this system), including its population specificity, provides insight into how herbivores and the functions they perform might be affected by further ocean heating.
ИЗБИРАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЦЕНЗ ДЛЯ ВОЕННОСЛУЖАЩИХ
Creators: name: ЕРМОШИН П.Ю.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: КОНСТИТУЦИОННОЕ ПРАВО
ИЗБИРАТЕЛЬНОЕ ПРАВО
ЗАРУБЕЖНОЕ КОНСТИТУЦИОННОЕ ПРАВО
ГРАЖДАНСКИЕ ПРАВА
ИЗБИРАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЦЕНЗ
ИЗБИРАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЦЕНЗ ДЛЯ ВОЕННОСЛУЖАЩИХ
ВОЕННОСЛУЖАЩИЕ
ВООРУЖЕННЫЕ СИЛЫ
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
ELECTORAL LAW
FOREIGN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
ELECTORAL QUALIFICATION
ELECTORAL QUALIFICATION FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL
MILITARY PERSONNEL
ARMED FORCES

description: В данной работе рассматривается теоретические и практические вопросы реализации избирательных цензов для военнослужащих в России и зарубежных странах. Проводится анализ зарубежного законодательства и возможности рецепции некоторых положений в российское избирательное законодательство в целях обеспечения избирательных прав военнослужащих.This paper discusses the theoretical and practical issues of implementing electoral qualifications for military personnel in Russia and foreign countries. The analysis of foreign legislation and the possibility of accepting certain provisions in the Russian electoral legislation in order to ensure the electoral rights of military personnel is carried out.
КОНСТИТУЦИОННЫЕ ОСНОВЫ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРОКУРАТУРЫ
Creators: name: ЗАБИРОВА Д.Р.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: КОНСТИТУЦИЯ РФ
СУДЕБНАЯ СИСТЕМА
РАЗДЕЛЕНИЕ ВЛАСТЕЙ
ВЕРХОВЕНСТВО ЗАКОНА И СИСТЕМА СДЕРЖЕК И ПРОТИВОВЕСОВ
CONSTITUTION RF
THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM
THE SEPARATION OF POWERS
THE RULE OF LAW
AND THE SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCES

description: В статье рассматривается генезис прокуратуры как органа государственной власти, точки зрения теоретиков и ученых относительно ее формирования и отношения к ветвям власти, соотношение конституционной нормы о прокуратуре с другими нормативными правовыми актами и мнением ученых-правоведов и юристов-практиков о конституционно-правовом статусе прокуратуры.The article discusses the Genesis of the Prosecutor's office as a public authority, the views of scientists on its relation to the branches of government, the relationship of the constitutional norm on the Prosecutor's office with other normative legal acts, and the opinion of legal scholars and practitioners on the constitutional and legal status of the Prosecutor's office.
title: Tales from the Suburban Garden: The Murarrie Neighbourhood Garden Project: Constructing Community Cohesion through Horticultural Practice
Creators: name: Hethorn, Therese
Publisher: name: University of Southern Queensland
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Participation
subject: community
subject: the garden as art
subject: exchange
subject: engagement
subject: neighbourhoods
classificationCode: 360699
subject: Visual arts not elsewhere classified
valueUri: https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/classifications/australian-and-new-zealand-standard-research-classification-anzsrc/latest-release

description: This practice-led research, as an example of social practice, will culminate in the development of a community project in the form of sustainable garden plots. The proposal has unearthed the following questions. Is it feasible to foster an altruistic engagement process with neighbours and others in the broader suburban community for the purpose of building companionship and security? Is it also possible, to create a garden as ‘artwork’, being an activity that relates to the everyday? To support this research and answer these questions, the theories of Relational Aesthetics and participatory practice and theory are engaged as they are the theoretical frames that position the outcomes of the research within contemporary artistic discourse. The creative objective was demonstrated through collaborative and cohesive exercises of shared stories and memories and shared garden produce and or products yielded from plant life. Oftentimes these shared products were matured through sustainable and historical horticultural practices. The intention of engaging others in a participatory exercise was to establish a community network for connectiveness that potentially could extend beyond our respective garden gates to permeate other neighbourhoods. The rationale was to unpack the concept of the encounter and to acknowledge the importance of maintaining memberships within a social network. Through this research it emerged that staying connected is a necessity for personal wellbeing, this proved significant, as the project was developed during the period of a global pandemic that saw long periods of enforced physical distancing. This paper discusses the research objectives in creating lasting social networks substantiated by relational and participatory art principles promoting participants’ engagement with their garden spaces and other residents to assist others, to develop a healthier sense of self and to build personal resilience, through a sustainable form of community identity.
ПОНЯТИЕ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКОЙ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В РОССИЙСКОМ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВЕ
Creators: name: ЗУДИНА К.В.
name: ЛОШКАРЁВ А.В.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНЫЙ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬ
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ
ЧАСТНАЯ СОБСТВЕННОСТЬ
СУБЪЕКТЫ
INDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEUR
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
PRIVATE PROPERTY
SUBJECTS

description: Индивидуальный предприниматель это довольно новое понятие для российского законодательства. В рамках настоящей статьи предметом исследования является соотношение категорий предпринимательской и экономической деятельности. Раскрываются и анализируются основные понятия и признаки предпринимательской деятельности, детально разбираются и сравниваются самостоятельность, инициативность, риск неполучения прибыли как предпринимателей, так и физических лиц. Освещается административная и уголовная ответственность, а также отельные коллизии в определённых экономических преступлениях.An individual entrepreneur is a rather new concept for Russian legislation. In the framework of this article, the subject of research is the ratio of the categories of business and economic activity. The basic concepts and signs of entrepreneurial activity are revealed and analyzed, independence, initiative, risk of non-receipt of profit of both entrepreneurs and individuals are analyzed and compared in detail. It highlights administrative and criminal liability, as well as hotel conflicts in certain economic crimes.
НАЛОГОВЫЙ МОНИТОРИНГ КАК ФОРМА НАЛОГОВОГО КОНТРОЛЯ
Creators: name: КАРЧЕВСКАЯ И.А.
name: ЦЕЛЬНИКЕР Г.Ф.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: НАЛОГОВЫЙ КОНТРОЛЬ
НАЛОГОВЫЙ МОНИТОРИНГ
ФОРМА НАЛОГОВОГО КОНТРОЛЯ
ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЕ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ
МОТИВИРОВАННОЕ МНЕНИЕ
TAX CONTROL
TAX MONITORING
FORM OF TAX CONTROL
INFORMATION INTERACTION
REASONED OPINION

description: Традиционно огромное внимание уделяется увеличению результативности контрольной работы налоговых органов. Поэтому повышаются требования к качеству проведения налогового контроля и совершенствованию форм налогового контроля и используемых ими методов. В статье раскрывается сущность налогового мониторинга. Рассмотрен процесс проведения налогового мониторинга. Приведены существующие инновационные методы при осуществлении данной формы налогового контроля.Traditionally, great attention is paid to increasing the effectiveness of the control work of tax authorities. Therefore, the requirements for the quality of tax control and improvement of tax control forms and methods used by them are increasing. The article reveals the essence of tax monitoring. The process of tax monitoring is considered. The existing innovative methods for implementing this form of tax control are presented.
АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО НАДЗОРА В СФЕРЕ МОРСКОГО И РЕЧНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЕНИСЕЙСКОГО УГМРН РОСТРАНСНАДЗОРА
Creators: name: КОТЛОВАНОВ В.Г.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: НАДЗОР
НАДЗОРНАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ
ВОДНЫЙ ТРАНСПОРТ
ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВО
ПРАВОПРИМЕНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ПРАКТИКА
СУДНО
ГИДРОТЕХНИЧЕСКОЕ СООРУЖЕНИЕ
РЕГЛАМЕНТ
ПРАВОНАРУШЕНИЕ
САНКЦИИ
SUPERVISION
SUPERVISORY ACTIVITY
WATER TRANSPORT
LEGISLATION
LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE
SHIP
HYDRAULIC STRUCTURE
REGULATIONS
OFFENSE
SANCTIONS

description: Статья посвящена выявлению актуальных проблем государственного надзора в сфере морского и речного транспорта. Проанализирована отчётная документация Енисейского УГМРН Ространснадзора, в результате чего установлено, что суммарный показатель выявленных в 2019 году нарушений меньше, чем в 2018 году, но незначительно. Отдельное внимание уделено выявлению причин транспортных происшествий на воде. Обнаружено, что основные причины их возникновения неблагоприятное воздействие «человеческого фактора». К нарушителям применяются меры административного воздействия, чаще всего практикуются штрафные санкции, притом в минимальном размере. Сформулирован вывод о наличии таких проблем, как несформированность юридическо-правовой культуры руководителей отраслевых предприятий, несовершенство механизмов исполнения решений о привлечении к ответственности.The article is devoted to the identification of urgent problems of state supervision in the field of sea and river transport. The reporting documentation of the Yenisei UMMRN of Rostransnadzor was analyzed, as a result of which it was found that the total rate of violations detected in 2019 is less than in 2018, but not significantly. Special attention is paid to identifying the causes of traffic accidents on water. It was found that the main causes of their occurrence are the adverse effect of the "human factor". Administrative measures are applied to violators, most often fines are practiced, moreover, at a minimum amount. The conclusion is formulated on the existence of such problems as the lack of formation of the legal and legal culture of the leaders of industry enterprises, the imperfection of the mechanisms for the implementation of decisions to hold accountable.
A high proportion of red snapper sold in North Carolina is mislabeled
Creators: name: Pelay, C.
name: Fisher, M.
name: McMahan, C.
name: Moscarito, C.
name: Dahringer, J.
name: VanSant, A.
name: Gorman, O.
name: Spencer, E.T.
name: Jones, D.
name: Richards, E.
name: Fussell, S.
name: Long, K.
name: Le, A.
name: Smith, A.
name: Steinwand, B.
name: Clemons, J.
name: Price, E.
name: Bruno, J.F.
name: Desai, P.
Publisher: name: PeerJ Inc.
Year: 2020

description: Seafood mislabeling occurs when a market label is inaccurate, primarily in terms of species identity, but also regarding weight, geographic origin, or other characteristics. This widespread problem allows cheaper or illegally-caught species to be marketed as species desirable to consumers. Previous studies have identified red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) as one of the most frequently mislabeled seafood species in the United States. To quantify how common mislabeling of red snapper is across North Carolina, the Seafood Forensics class at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill used DNA barcoding to analyze samples sold as ‘‘red snapper’’ from restaurants, seafood markets, and grocery stores purchased in ten counties. Of 43 samples successfully sequenced and identified, 90.7% were mislabeled. Only one grocery store chain (of four chains tested) accurately labeled red snapper. The mislabeling rate for restaurants and seafood markets was 100%. Vermilion snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens) and tilapia (Oreochromis aureus and O. niloticus) were the species most frequently substituted for red snapper (13 of 39 mislabeled samples for both taxa, or 26 of 39 mislabeled total). This study builds on previous mislabeling research by collecting samples of a specific species in a confined geographic region, allowing local vendors and policy makers to better understand the scope of red snapper mislabeling in North Carolina. This methodology is also a model for other academic institutions to engage undergraduate researchers in mislabeling data collection, sample processing, and analysis.
Rapid Development of Compositional AI
Creators: name: Martie, Lee
name: Rosenberg, Jessie
name: Demers, Veronique
name: Zhang, Gaoyuan
name: Bhardwaj, Onkar
name: Henning, John
name: Prasad, Aditya
name: Stallone, Matt
name: Lee, Ja Young
name: Yip, Lucy
name: Adesina, Damilola
name: Paikari, Elahe
name: Resendiz, Oscar
name: Shaw, Sarah
name: Cox, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Compositional AI systems, which combine multiple artificial intelligence components together with other application components to solve a larger problem, have no known pattern of development and are often approached in a bespoke and ad hoc style. This makes development slower and harder to reuse for future applications. To support the full rapid development cycle of compositional AI applications, we have developed a novel framework called (Bee)* (written as a regular expression and pronounced as "beestar"). We illustrate how (Bee)* supports building integrated, scalable, and interactive compositional AI applications with a simplified developer experience.
description: Accepted to ICSE 2023, NIER track
Parametrization of Stillinger-Weber Potential Based on Valence Force Field Model: Application to Single-Layer MoS2 and Black Phosphorus
Creators: name: Jiang, Jin-Wu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to parametrize the Stillinger-Weber potential for covalent materials starting from the valence force field model. All geometrical parameters in the Stillinger-Weber potential are determined analytically according to the equilibrium condition for each individual potential term, while the energy parameters are derived from the valence force field model. This parametrization approach transfers the accuracy of the valence force field model to the Stillinger-Weber potential. Furthermore, the resulting Stilliinger-Weber potential supports for stable molecular dynamics simulations, as each potential term is at energy minimum state separately at the equilibrium configuration. We employ this procedure to parametrize Stillinger-Weber potentials for the single-layer MoS2 and black phosphorous. The obtained Stillinger-Weber potentials predict accurate phonon spectrum and mechanical behaviors. We also provide input scripts of these Stillinger-Weber potentials used by publicly available simulation packages including GULP and LAMMPS.
description: 10 figures, 8 tables
(500065) Henrietta White
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
On the advantage of well-balanced schemes for moving-water equilibria of the shallow water equations
Creators: name: Xing, Yulong
name: Shu, Chi-Wang
name: Noelle, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This note aims at demonstrating the advantage of moving-water well-balanced schemes over still-water well-balanced schemes for the shallow water equations. We concentrate on numerical examples with solutions near a moving-water equilibrium. For such examples, still-water well-balanced methods are not capable of capturing the small perturbations of the moving-water equilibrium and may generate significant spurious oscillations, unless an extremely refined mesh is used. On the other hand, moving- water well-balanced methods perform well in these tests. The numerical examples in this note clearly demonstrate the importance of utilizing moving-water well-balanced methods for solutions near a moving-water equilibrium.
КРИМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА КИБЕРПРЕСТУПНОСТИ
Creators: name: КУВШИНОВА В.С.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: КИБЕРПРЕСТУПНОСТЬ
ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИЯ
ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ
ИНТЕРНЕТ
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ПРЕСТУПНОСТЬ
ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ
CYBERCRIME
GLOBALIZATION
EVOLUTION
THE INTERNET
ECONOMIC CRIME
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

description: Компьютерные и иные технологии, а также общественные отношения в этой сфере, образуют новый объект преступных посягательств, а также средства и способы совершения общественно опасного деяния, что вместе с тем создает актуальную проблему. Под киберпреступностью в статье понимают ограниченный круг деяний, направленных против конфиденциальности, целостности и доступности компьютерных систем и сетей и компьютерных данных. В статье рассматриваются причины и мотивы развития киберпреступности как глобального явления современности на основе статистических данных и судебной практики, а также меры противодействия киберпреступлениям.Computer and other technologies, as well as public relations in this sphere, form a new object of criminal attacks, as well as means and methods of committing a socially dangerous act, which at the same time creates an urgent problem. Cybercrime in an article refers to a limited range of acts against the confidentiality, integrity and accessibility of computer systems and networks and computer data. The article discusses the causes and motives for the development of cybercrime as a global phenomenon of our time on the basis of statistical data and judicial practice, as well as measures to counter cybercrime.
Sort logic and foundations of mathematics
Creators: name: Väänänen, Jouko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03B15

description: I have argued elsewhere that second order logic provides a foundation for mathematics much in the same way as set theory does, despite the fact that the former is second order and the latter first order, but second order logic is marred by reliance on ad hoc {\em large domain assumptions}. In this paper I argue that sort logic, a powerful extension of second order logic, provides a foundation for mathematics without any ad hoc large domain assumptions. The large domain assumptions are replaced by ZFC-like axioms. Despite this resemblance to set theory sort logic retains the structuralist approach to mathematics characteristic of second order logic. As a model-theoretic logic sort logic is the strongest logic. In fact, every model class definable in set theory is the class of models of a sentence of sort logic. Because of its strength sort logic can be used to formulate particularly strong reflection principles in set theory.
Topological color code and symmetry-protected topological phases
Creators: name: Yoshida, Beni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study $(d-1)$-dimensional excitations in the $d$-dimensional color code that are created by transversal application of the $R_{d}$ phase operators on connected subregions of qubits. We find that such excitations are superpositions of electric charges and can be characterized by fixed-point wavefunctions of $(d-1)$-dimensional bosonic SPT phases with $(\mathbb{Z}_{2})^{\otimes d}$ symmetry. While these SPT excitations are localized on $(d-1)$-dimensional boundaries, their creation requires operations acting on all qubits inside the boundaries, reflecting the non-triviality of emerging SPT wavefunctions. Moreover, these SPT-excitations can be physically realized as transparent gapped domain walls which exchange excitations in the color code. Namely, in the three-dimensional color code, the domain wall, associated with the transversal $R_{3}$ operator, exchanges a magnetic flux and a composite of a magnetic flux and loop-like SPT excitation, revealing rich possibilities of boundaries in higher-dimensional TQFTs. We also find that magnetic fluxes and loop-like SPT excitations exhibit non-trivial three-loop braiding statistics in three dimensions as a result of the fact that the $R_{3}$ phase operator belongs to the third-level of the Clifford hierarchy. We believe that the connection between SPT excitations, fault-tolerant logical gates and gapped domain walls, established in this paper, can be generalized to a large class of topological quantum codes and TQFTs.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures (v2, title changed, "SPT phases" to "symmetry-protected topological phases", according to the journal policy)
Marketplace shrimp mislabeling in North Carolina
Creators: name: Korzik, M.L.
name: Jasperse, C.
name: Austin, H.M.
name: Richards, E.
name: Cooper, B.
name: Fodrie, F.J.
name: Tan, G.
name: Steinwand, B.
name: Spencer, E.T.
name: Bruno, J.F.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2020

description: Seafood mislabeling occurs in a wide range of seafood products worldwide, resulting in public distrust, economic fraud, and health risks for consumers. We quantified the extent of shrimp mislabeling in coastal and inland North Carolina. We used standard DNA barcoding procedures to determine the species identity of 106 shrimp sold as “local” by 60 vendors across North Carolina. Thirty-four percent of the purchased shrimp was mislabeled, and surprisingly the percentage did not differ significantly between coastal and inland counties. One third of product incorrectly marketed as “local” was in fact whiteleg shrimp: an imported and globally farmed species native to the eastern Pacific, not found in North Carolina waters. In addition to the negative ecosystem consequences of shrimp farming (e.g., the loss of mangrove forests and the coastal buffering they provide), North Carolina fishers—as with local fishers elsewhere—are negatively impacted when vendors label farmed, frozen, and imported shrimp as local, fresh, and wild-caught.
Reconstructed jets and jet substructure in 200 GeV p+p / d+Au collisions with PHENIX
Creators: name: Lajoie, John
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: icnfp22
phenix
jet
p+p
d+au
cross section
cnm effects
raa
nuclear
modification
atlas
cu+au

description: Talk presented at the International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics 2022
(500067) Charles Mayo
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
"Nice to meet you!": Expressing Emotions with Movement Gestures and Textual Content in Automatic Handwriting Robots
Creators: name: Li, Yanheng
name: Luoying, Lin
name: Li, Xinyan
name: Mao, Yaxuan
name: Lc, Ray
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Text-writing robots have been used in assistive writing and drawing applications. However, robots do not convey emotional tones in the writing process due to the lack of behaviors humans typically adopt. To examine how people interpret designed robotic expressions of emotion through both movements and textual output, we used a pen-plotting robot to generate texts by performing human-like behaviors like stop-and-go, speed, and pressure variation. We examined how people convey emotion in the writing process by observing how they wrote in different emotional contexts. We then mapped these human expressions during writing to the handwriting robot and measured how well other participants understood the robot's affective expression. We found that textual output was the strongest determinant of participants' ability to perceive the robot's emotions, whereas parameters of gestural movements of the robots like speed, fluency, pressure, size, and acceleration could be useful for understanding the context of the writing expression.
description: HRI 2023 LBR
(500063) Walter Bailey
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ РЕГЛАМЕНТАЦИИ УГОЛОВНОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ ЗА ВОВЛЕЧЕНИЕ В ЗАНЯТИЕ ПРОСТИТУЦИЕЙ
Creators: name: КУДРЯВЦЕВА С.В.
name: БРЫЛЕВА А.С.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: ПРОСТИТУЦИЯ
ВОВЛЕЧЕНИЕ В ЗАНЯТИЕ ПРОСТИТУЦИЕЙ
ПРИНУЖДЕНИЕ К ПРОДОЛЖЕНИЮ ЗАНЯТИЯ ПРОСТИТУЦИЕЙ
УГОЛОВНОЕ ПРАВО
PROSTITUTION
INVOLVING IN EMPLOYMENT BY PROSTITUTION
COMPULSION TO CONTINUATION OF EMPLOYMENT BY PROSTITUTION
CRIMINAL LAW

description: В статье представлен анализ ст. 240 УК РФ. Приведены основные признаки деятельности, связанной с занятием проституцией, выделены основные доктринальные понятия проституции. На основании судебной практики выявлена проблема конкуренции понятий «вовлечение» и «принуждение», и предложено её решение, чтобы устранить их попеременное дублирование и игнорирование одной из них в текстах судебных приговорах.The article presents an analysis of Art. 240 of the Criminal Code. The main features of activities related to prostitution are given, the basic doctrinal concepts of prostitution are highlighted. On the basis of judicial practice, the problem of competition between the concepts of “involvement” and “coercion” was identified, and its solution was proposed in order to eliminate their alternating duplication and ignoring one of them in the texts of court sentences.
Two-time distribution functions in the Gaussian model of randomly forced Burgers turbulence
Creators: name: Dotsenko, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of randomly forced Burgers turbulence ("Burgulence") is considered in terms of the toy Gaussian Larkin model of directed polymers. In terms of the replica technique the explicit expressions for the two-time four-point free energy distribution function is obtained which makes possible to derive the exact result for the two-time velocity distribution function in the corresponding Burgulence problem.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Social–environmental drivers inform strategic management of coral reefs in the Anthropocene
Creators: name: Kayal, M.
name: Nash, K.L.
name: Graham, N.A.J.
name: Lee, M.A.C.
name: Claudet, J.
name: Yeemin, T.
name: Kuo, C.-Y.
name: Sala, E.
name: Rodgers, K.S.
name: Guest, J.
name: Arthur, R.
name: McClanahan, T.R.
name: Penin, L.
name: Cannon, S.
name: Jupiter, S.D.
name: Fortin, M.-J.
name: Feary, D.A.
name: Mora, C.
name: Brown, E.
name: Shedrawi, G.
name: Cinner, J.E.
name: Fadli, N.
name: Bigot, L.
name: Goiran, C.
name: Campbell, S.J.
name: Franklin, E.C.
name: Houk, P.
name: Maina, J.
name: Nedlic, O.
name: Januchowski-Hartley, F.
name: Tan, C.H.J.
name: Steinberg, P.D.
name: Hoey, A.S.
name: Low, J.
name: Maire, E.
name: Brenier, A.
name: Patankar, V.
name: Bridge, T.C.L.
name: Smith, J.E.
name: Gilmour, J.
name: Lamb, J.
name: Donner, S.
name: Estradivari
name: Puotinen, M.
name: Muttaqin, E.
name: Darling, E.S.
name: Ribas-Deulofeu, L.
name: Ahmadia, G.
name: Muthiga, N.
name: Adjeroud, M.
name: Mouillot, D.
name: Hicks, C.C.
name: Nand, Y.
name: Smallhorn-West, P.
name: Hobbs, J.-P.A.
name: Friedlander, A.
name: Fox, H.
name: Williams, G.J.
name: Sin, T.M.
name: Krkosek, M.
name: Wilson, S.
name: Cauvin, B.
name: Pandolfi, J.M.
name: Beger, M.
name: Denis, V.
name: Sutthacheep, M.
name: Chen, C.A.
name: Safuan, C.D.M.
name: Bauman, A.G.
name: Richards, Z.
name: Bruno, J.F.
name: Sommer, B.
name: Berumen, M.L.
name: Pardede, S.
name: Fenner, D.
name: Roberts, T.E.
name: Bouwmeester, J.
name: Skirving, W.J.
name: Johnson, S.
name: Gurney, G.G.
Publisher: name: Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2019

description: Without drastic efforts to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate globalized stressors, tropical coral reefs are in jeopardy. Strategic conservation and management requires identification of the environmental and socioeconomic factors driving the persistence of scleractinian coral assemblages—the foundation species of coral reef ecosystems. Here, we compiled coral abundance data from 2,584 Indo-Pacific reefs to evaluate the influence of 21 climate, social and environmental drivers on the ecology of reef coral assemblages. Higher abundances of framework-building corals were typically associated with: weaker thermal disturbances and longer intervals for potential recovery; slower human population growth; reduced access by human settlements and markets; and less nearby agriculture. We therefore propose a framework of three management strategies (protect, recover or transform) by considering: (1) if reefs were above or below a proposed threshold of >10% cover of the coral taxa important for structural complexity and carbonate production; and (2) reef exposure to severe thermal stress during the 2014–2017 global coral bleaching event. Our findings can guide urgent management efforts for coral reefs, by identifying key threats across multiple scales and strategic policy priorities that might sustain a network of functioning reefs in the Indo-Pacific to avoid ecosystem collapse.
Analytic study on backreacting holographic superconductors with dark matter sector
Creators: name: Nakonieczny, Lukasz
name: Rogatko, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The variational method for Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue problem was employed to study analytically properties of the holographic superconductor with dark matter sector, in which a coupling between Maxwell field and another U(1)-gauge field was considered. The backreaction of the dark matter sector on gravitational background in question was also examined.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, to be published in Phys.Rev.D15
(500064) William Dear
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Assessment of Elkhorn Coral Populations and Associated Herbivores in Akumal, Mexico
Creators: name: Bruno, J.
name: Figueroa-Zavala, B.
name: Mudge, L.
name: Alves, C.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2019

description: Coral decline in the Caribbean is marked by the loss of habitat-forming corals, such as elkhorn coral (Acropora palmata). Elkhorn coral recovery has been isolated and patchy, but recently a “re-sheeting” phenomenon, in which elkhorn tissue grows over standing dead coral skeletons, was observed along the reefs in the Mexican Yucatán peninsula. Little is known about the ecological factors contributing to “re-sheeting,” but it is hypothesized that grazing from herbivores provides top-down control of algal growth and promotes coral recovery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the status of elkhorn populations in Akumal, Mexico and determine if Diadema urchins or parrotfish populations are associated with higher elkhorn abundance and lower algal cover. To achieve this objective, we surveyed 12 spur and groove reef sites in Akumal, where re-sheeting was recently observed, and measured elkhorn coral and herbivore population metrics. We found that both herbivore groups are associated with increasing elkhorn coral presence and cover, and lower macroalgal cover. Additionally, we tested for sampling bias in counting Diadema urchins and found that a significant difference in urchins counts between paired day and night transects on shallow, high complexity reefs. Our results suggest that historically important herbivore groups may be contributing to the recovery of elkhorn coral in Akumal by facilitating tissue re-sheeting.
Time-retrenched synthesis of BaTaO2N by localizing an NH3 delivery system for visible-light-driven photoelectrochemical water oxidation at neutral pH: Solid-state reaction or flux method?
Creators: name: Hojamberdiev, Mirabbos
name: Mora-Hernandez, J. Manuel
name: Vargas, Ronald
name: Yamakata, Akira
name: Yubuta, Kunio
name: Heppke, Eva Maria
name: Torres-Martínez, Leticia M.
name: Teshima, Katsuya
name: Lerch, Martin
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: BaTaO2N
subject: ammonolysis
subject: flux method
subject: solid-state reaction
subject: charge carrier dynamics
subject: photoelectrochemical performance

description: Among 600 nm class transition-metal oxynitrides, BaTaO2N with a cubic Pm3̅m perovskite-type structure is promising for solar water oxidation due to its absorption of visible light up to 660 nm, narrower band gap (Eg = 1.9 eV), appropriate valence band edge position for oxygen evolution, good stability in concentrated alkaline solutions, and nontoxicity. However, high defect density stemmed from long high-temperature ammonolysis limits the separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers in BaTaO2N. Here, a NH3 delivery system is specifically localized just above the synthesis mixture to reduce the synthesis time and defect density of BaTaO2N by a fresh supply of more active nitriding species and minimizing the generation of N2 and H2. Particularly, the effects of synthesis temperature (700–950 °C), synthesis time (1–8 h), and gas composition are systematically investigated to gain insights into the formation of single-phase BaTaO2N by solid-state reaction and flux method. Time-dependent experiments conducted at 950 °C show that single-phase BaTaO2N can be synthesized ≥6 and ≥4 h by solid-state reaction and flux method, respectively, revealing the advantage of the flux method over solid-state reaction in a localized NH3 delivery system. Subsequently, the separation and transfer efficiency and kinetics of photogenerated charge carriers are studied in BaTaO2N samples. Photoelectrochemical studies made it possible to resolve trends during visible-light-induced water oxidation, evidencing the inverse relationship between recombination and charge transfer phenomena. Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that the dynamics of the photogenerated charge carriers in both types of BaTaO2N samples are different: (i) BaTaO2N synthesized by flux method has a greater number of holes despite the similar number of deeply trapped charge carriers and (ii) solid-state reaction led to the formation of a higher number of free electrons in BaTaO2N. The findings demonstrate the advantage of reducing the transfer distance of active nitriding species to the surface of the synthesis mixture for enhancing the photoelectrochemical water oxidation of BaTaO2N at neutral pH.
КОНСТИТУЦИОННАЯ ОБЯЗАННОСТЬ ГРАЖДАН ПО УПЛАТЕ ЗАКОННО УСТАНОВЛЕННЫХ НАЛОГОВ И СБОРОВ В РФ
Creators: name: ЛЫНОВ А.А.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: НАЛОГ
НАЛОГООБЛОЖЕНИЕ
КОНСТИТУЦИОННАЯ ОБЯЗАННОСТЬ ПО УПЛАТЕ НАЛОГОВ
НАЛОГОВОЕ ПРАВО
НАЛОГОВЫЕ ПРАВООТНОШЕНИЯ
ПРАВА НАЛОГОПЛАТЕЛЬЩИКОВ
ПРЕЗУМПЦИЯ НЕВИНОВНОСТИ НАЛОГОПЛАТЕЛЬЩИКОВ
TAX
TAXATION
CONSTITUTIONAL OBLIGATION TO PAY TAXES
TAX LAW
TAX RELATIONS
TAXPAYER RIGHTS
PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE OF TAXPAYERS

description: Актуальность настоящей статьи обусловлена значительной ролью налогообложения в конституционно-правовой сфере Российской Федерации. Рассмотрены особенности конституционной обязанности платить законно установленные налоги и проблемы ее реализации. Проанализированы права и обязанности налогоплательщиков. Определены как преимущества действующего конституционно-правового законодательства в области налогообложения, так и его недостатки. Автором сформулирован вывод об эффективности действующей системы налогообложения и задан вектор по дальнейшему ее совершенствованию.The relevance of this article is due to the significant role of taxation in the constitutional sphere of the Russian Federation. The features of the constitutional obligation to pay legally established taxes and the problems of its implementation are considered. The rights and obligations of taxpayers are analyzed. The advantages of the current constitutional and legal legislation in the field of taxation, as well as its disadvantages are determined. The author formulated a conclusion about the effectiveness of the current tax system and set a vector for its further improvement.
Fishy business: Red snapper mislabeling along the coastline of the southeastern United States
Creators: name: Spencer, E.T.
name: Bruno, J.F.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2019

description: Seafood mislabeling is a widely documented problem that has significant implications for human and environmental health. Defined as when seafood is sold under something other than its true species name, seafood fraud allows less-desired or illegally caught species to be marketed as one recognizable to consumers. Red snapper is one of the most frequently mislabeled species, with previous studies showing mislabeling rates as high as 77%. We assessed whether red snapper mislabeling rates varied among states or vendor type. We also determined the IUCN Red List designation of substituted species to assess whether frequently substituted stocks were more or less at-risk than red snapper stocks. We used standard DNA barcoding protocols to determine the identity of products labeled as “red snapper” from sushi restaurants, seafood markets, and grocery stores in the Southeastern United States. Overall, 72.6% of samples (out of 62) were mislabeled, with sushi restaurants mislabeling samples 100% of the time. Out of 13 substituted species (including samples that were indistinguishable between two species), seven (53.8%) were not native to the United States of the 12 substituted species assessed by the IUCN Red List, 11 (91.6%) were listed as less threatened than red snapper. These results contribute to a growing body of mislabeling research that can be used by government agencies trying to develop effective policies to combat seafood fraud and consumers hoping to avoid mislabeled products.
Recent spin results from PHENIX
Creators: name: Ji, Zhongling
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: icnfp22
phenix
spin
photon
direct photon
jet
pion
longitudinal spin asymmetry
transverse spin asymmetry
heavy flavor
forward-rapidity
neutron
π0
η
gluon
polarization
isolated
cross section
upc

description: Talk presented at the International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics 2022