cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Large Language Models in Theory of Mind Tasks
Creators: name: Kosinski, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Eleven Large Language Models (LLMs) were assessed using a custom-made battery of false-belief tasks, considered a gold standard in testing Theory of Mind (ToM) in humans. The battery included 640 prompts spread across 40 diverse tasks, each one including a false-belief scenario, three closely matched true-belief control scenarios, and the reversed versions of all four. To solve a single task, a model needed to correctly answer 16 prompts across all eight scenarios. Smaller and older models solved no tasks; GPT-3-davinci-003 (from November 2022) and ChatGPT-3.5-turbo (from March 2023) solved 20% of the tasks; ChatGPT-4 (from June 2023) solved 75% of the tasks, matching the performance of six-year-old children observed in past studies. We explore the potential interpretation of these findings, including the intriguing possibility that ToM, previously considered exclusive to humans, may have spontaneously emerged as a byproduct of LLMs' improving language skills.
description: TRY RUNNING ToM EXPERIMENTS ON YOUR OWN: The code and tasks used in this study are available at Colab (https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1ZRtmw87CdA4xp24DNS_Ik_uA2ypaRnoU). Don't worry if you are not an expert coder, you should be able to run this code with no-to-minimum Python skills. Or copy-paste the tasks to ChatGPT's web interface. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 2024
Platelet lipidomics indicates enhanced thrombocyte activation in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome in vivo
Creators: name: Heimerl, Susanne
name: Höring, Marcus
name: Burkhardt, Ralph
name: Höpting, Matthias
name: Sigruener, Alexander
name: Liebisch, Gerhard
name: Hart, Christina
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: antiphospholipid syndrome, blood platelets, lipidomics, platelet activation, platelet function tests
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with thromboembolic/thromboinflammatory events and/or obstetric complications.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine whether there are alterations in the platelet lipidome of APS patients in comparison with patients affected by thromboembolism without APS (control) and healthy volunteers.
Methods
We applied quantitative mass spectrometry-based lipidomics to investigate the platelet lipidome of isolated resting and thrombin-stimulated platelets as well as platelet release in patients with APS, controls, and healthy volunteers.
Results
Lipidomic data revealed an increase in lysophospholipids (LPLs) in platelets from APS patients, specifically in lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine species. As LPLs are cleavage products generated by phospholipase A (PLA) from the corresponding phospholipid precursor, LPL/phospholipid ratios may be employed as surrogates for PLA1 and PLA2 activities. The surrogate ratios for PLA2, which participates in the release of arachidonic acid during platelet activation, were significantly increased in APS in both resting platelets and upon thrombin-induced activation for phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The phosphatidylcholine-PLA2 surrogate ratio was found to correlate with serum levels of anti–β2-glycoprotein I and anticardiolipin immunoglobulin G. Finally, receiver operator characteristic analysis demonstrated excellent discrimination of patients with APS from controls and healthy volunteers.
Conclusion
These findings provide substantial evidence that platelet activation is enhanced in APS in vivo, involving the activation of PLA2.
Basic curvature and the Atiyah cocycle in gauge theory
Creators: name: Chatzistavrakidis, Athanasios
name: Jonke, Larisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Motivated from target space covariant formulations of topological sigma models and from a graded-geometric approach to higher gauge theory, we study connections on Lie and Courant algebroids and on their description as differential graded (dg) manifolds. We revisit the notion of basic curvature for a connection on a Lie algebroid, which measures its compatibility with the Lie bracket and it appears in the BV-BRST differential of 2D gauge theories such as (twisted) Poisson and Dirac sigma models. We define a basic curvature tensor for connections on Courant algebroids and we show that in the description of a Courant algebroid as a QP2 manifold it appears naturally as part of the homological vector field together with the Gualtieri torsion of an induced generalised connection. Furthermore, we consider connections on dg manifolds and revisit the structure of gauge transformations in the graded-geometric approach to higher gauge theories from a manifestly covariant perspective. We argue that it is governed by the brackets of a Kapranov L$_{\infty}[1]$ algebra, whose binary bracket is given by the Atiyah cocycle that measures the compatibility of the connection with the homological vector field. We also revisit some aspects of the derived bracket construction and show how to extend it to connections and tensors.
description: 60 pages; published version with various improvements and corrections
Simulations of Infrared Radiances over a Deep Convective Cloud System Observed during TC⁴: Potential for Enhancing Nocturnal Ice Cloud Retrievals
Creators: name: Minnis, Patrick
name: Hong, Gang
name: Ayers, J. Kirk
name: Smith, William L.
name: Yost, Christopher R.
name: Heymsfield, Andrew J.
name: Heymsfield, Gerald M.
name: Hlavka, Dennis L.
name: King, Michael D.
name: Korn, Errol
name: McGill, Matthew J.
name: Selkirk, Henry B.
name: Thompson, Anne M.
name: Tian, Lin
name: Yang, Ping
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2012
Subjects: clouds
multispectral thermal infrared
optical depth
particle size
satellite
TC4

description: Retrievals of ice cloud properties using infrared measurements at 3.7, 6.7, 7.3, 8.5, 10.8, and 12.0 mm can provide consistent results regardless of solar illumination, but are limited to cloud optical thicknesses τ < ~6. This paper investigates the variations in radiances at these wavelengths over a deep convective cloud system for their potential to extend retrievals of t and ice particle size Dₑ to optically thick clouds. Measurements from an imager, an interferometer, the Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL), and the Cloud Radar System (CRS) aboard the NASA ER-2 aircraft during the NASA TC⁴ (Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling) experiment flight during 5 August 2007, are used to examine the retrieval potential of infrared radiances over optically thick ice clouds. Simulations based on coincident in situ measurements and combined cloud τ from CRS and CPL measurements are comparable to the observations. They reveal that brightness temperatures at these bands and their differences (BTD) are sensitive to t up to ~20 and that for ice clouds having τ > 20, the 3.7–10.8 µm and 3.7–6.7 µm BTDs are the most sensitive to Dₑ. Satellite imagery appears to be consistent with these results suggesting that τ and Dₑ could be retrieved for greater optical thicknesses than previously assumed. But, because of sensitivity of the BTDs to uncertainties in the atmospheric profiles of temperature, humidity, and ice water content, and sensor noise, exploiting the small BTD signals in retrieval algorithms will be very challenging.
PropBank-Powered Data Creation: Utilizing Sense-Role Labelling to Generate Disaster Scenario Data
Creators: name: Shichman, Mollie Frances
name: Bonial, Claire
name: Hudson, Taylor A.
name: Blodgett, Austin
name: Ferraro, Francis
name: Rudinger, Rachel
Publisher: name: ACL
Year: 2024

description: The 5th International Workshop on Designing Meaning Representation (DMR 2024) @LREC-COLING-2024, Torino, Italia, May, 2024
description: For human-robot dialogue in a search-and-rescue scenario, a strong knowledge of the conditions and objects a robot will face is essential for effective interpretation of natural language instructions. In order to utilize the power of large language models without overwhelming the limited storage capacity of a robot, we propose PropBank-Powered Data Creation. PropBank-Powered Data Creation is an expert-in-the-loop data generation pipeline which creates training data for disaster-specific language models. We leverage semantic role labeling and Rich Event Ontology resources to efficiently develop seed sentences for fine-tuning a smaller, targeted model that could operate onboard a robot for disaster relief. We developed 32 sentence templates, which we used to make 2 seed datasets of 175 instructions for earthquake search and rescue and train derailment response. We further leverage our seed datasets as evaluation data to test our baseline fine-tuned models.
Trainability Enhancement of Parameterized Quantum Circuits via Reduced-Domain Parameter Initialization
Creators: name: Wang, Yabo
name: Qi, Bo
name: Ferrie, Chris
name: Dong, Daoyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) have been widely used as a machine learning model to explore the potential of achieving quantum advantages for various tasks. However, training PQCs is notoriously challenging owing to the phenomenon of plateaus and/or the existence of (exponentially) many spurious local minima. To enhance trainability, in this work we propose an efficient parameter initialization strategy with theoretical guarantees. We prove that by reducing the initial domain of each parameter inversely proportional to the square root of circuit depth, the magnitude of the cost gradient decays at most polynomially with respect to qubit count and circuit depth. Our theoretical results are substantiated through numerical simulations of variational quantum eigensolver tasks. Moreover, we demonstrate that the reduced-domain initialization strategy can protect specific quantum neural networks from exponentially many spurious local minima. Our results highlight the significance of an appropriate parameter initialization strategy, offering insights to enhance the trainability and convergence of variational quantum algorithms.
description: 7 figures; Numerical simulations added
Does social capital impact on networking for indigenous entrepreneurs?
Creators: name: Foley, Dennis
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Literature would support that Social capital is an emotional topic driven primarily by the fields of sociology and anthropology that lacks a defined structure or understanding especially when it is applied to Indigenous entrepreneurship. Case study analysis has been undertaken on three diverse groups, Indigenous Australian, Native Hawaiian and Maori entrepreneurs to determine the impact of social capital on Indigenous entrepreneur's business networking. It is important that this work defines social capital from the Indigenous cultural position within a business context. This work will investigate the void in literature that exists which fails to address the Indigenous entrepreneurs position within the dominate culture. Does settler society dominate and determine Indigenous entrepreneurs business aspirations and interaction subject to the Indigenous entrepreneurs possession of social capital? Seven main differences based on previous research will be applied. Previous empirical data by the author revealed that entrepreneurial networking is non-universal in that being able to balance networking between a majority (settler society) business culture and a minority (Indigenous) culture is essential for minority entrepreneurs. This will be further analysed as literature is yet to explore the complexity of social capital and business networking on a three nation case study of Indigenous entrepreneurs in Australia, Hawaii (USA) and New Zealand.
Computads for generalised signatures
Creators: name: Markakis, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18N30 (Primary) 18C15, 18N40 (Secondary)

description: We introduce a notion of signature whose sorts form a direct category, and study computads for such signatures. Algebras for such a signature are presheaves with an interpretation of every function symbol of the signature, and we describe how computads give rise to signatures. Generalising work of Batanin, we show that computads with certain generator-preserving morphisms form a presheaf category, and describe a forgetful functor from algebras to computads. Algebras free on a computad turn out to be the cofibrant objects for certain cofibrantly generated factorisation system, and the adjunction above induces the universal cofibrant replacement, in the sense of Garner, for this factorisation system. Finally, we conclude by explaining how many-sorted structures, weak $ω$-categories, and algebraic semi-simplicial Kan complexes are algebras of such signatures, and we propose a notion of weak multiple category.
description: 39 pages
Sex-specific mechanisms underlie long-term potentiation at hippocampus-medium spiny neuron synapses in the medial shell of the nucleus accumbens
Creators: name: Copenhaver, Ashley E.
name: LeGates, Tara
Publisher: name: Society for Neuroscience
Year: 2024

description: Sex differences have complicated our understanding of the neurobiological basis of many behaviors that are key for survival. As such, continued elucidation of the similarities and differences between sexes is necessary to gain insight into brain function and vulnerability. The connection between the hippocampus (Hipp) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a crucial site where modulation of neuronal activity mediates reward-related behavior. Our previous work demonstrated that long-term potentiation (LTP) of Hipp-NAc synapses is rewarding, and mice can establish learned associations between LTP of these synapses and the contextual environment in which LTP occurred. Here, we investigated sex differences in the mechanisms underlying Hipp-NAc LTP using whole-cell electrophysiology and pharmacology. We observed similarities in basal synaptic strength between males and females and found that LTP occurs postsynaptically with similar magnitudes in both sexes. However, key sex differences emerged as LTP in males required NMDA receptors (NMDAR) whereas LTP in females utilized an NMDAR-independent mechanism involving L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC) and estrogen receptor ? (ER?). We also uncovered sex-similar features as LTP in both sexes depended on CaMKII activity and occurred independently of dopamine-1 receptor (D1R) activation. Our results have elucidated sex-specific molecular mechanisms for LTP in an integral pathway that mediates reward-related behaviors, emphasizing the importance of considering sex as a variable in mechanistic studies. Continued characterization of sex-specific mechanisms underlying plasticity will offer novel insight into the neurophysiological basis of behavior, with significant implications for understanding how diverse processes mediate behavior and contribute to vulnerability to developing psychiatric disorders.Significance statement Strengthening of hippocampus-nucleus accumbens (Hipp-NAc) synapses drives reward-related behaviors. Long-term potentiation (LTP) occurs with a similar magnitude in males and females, and both sexes have a predicted postsynaptic locus of plasticity. Despite these similarities, here we illustrate that sex-specific molecular mechanisms underlie LTP at Hipp-NAc synapses. Given the bidirectional relationship between Hipp-NAc synaptic strength in mediating reward-related behaviors, the use of distinct molecular mechanisms may explain sex differences observed in stress susceptibility or response to rewarding stimuli. Uncovering these latent sex differences offers a deeper understanding of the sex-specific function of this behaviorally-relevant synapse with widespread implications for circuits that underlie learning and reward-related behavior.
A multi-sensor upper tropospheric ozone product (MUTOP) based on TES ozone and GOES water vapor: validation with ozonesondes
Creators: name: Moody, J. L.
name: Felker, S. R.
name: Wimmers, A. J.
name: Osterman, G.
name: Bowman, K.
name: Thompson, Anne M.
name: Tarasick, D. W.
Publisher: name: EGU
Year: 2012

description: Accurate representation of ozone in the extratropical upper troposphere (UT) remains a challenge. However, the implementation of hyper-spectral remote sensing using satellite instruments such as the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) provides an avenue for mapping ozone in this region, from 500 to 300 hPa. As a polar orbiting satellite TES observations are limited, but in this paper they are combined with geostationary satellite observations of water vapor. This paper describes a validation of the Multi-sensor UT Ozone Product (MUTOP). MUTOP, based on a statistical retrieval method, is an image product derived from the multiple regression of remotely sensed TES ozone, against geostationary (GOES) specific humidity (remotely sensed) and potential vorticity (a modeled dynamical tracer in the UT). These TES-derived UT ozone mixing ratios are compared to coincident ozonesonde measurements of layer-average UT ozone mixing ratios made during the NASA INTEX/B field campaign in the spring of 2006; the region for this study is effectively the GOES west domain covering the eastern North Pacific Ocean and the western United States. This intercomparison evaluates MUTOP skill at representing ozone magnitude and variability in this region of complex dynamics. In total, 11 ozonesonde launch sites were available for this study, providing 127 individual sondes for comparison; the overall mean ozone of the 500–300 hPa layer for these sondes was 78.0 ppbv. MUTOP reproduces in~situ measurements reasonably well, producing an UT mean of 82.3 ppbv, with a mean absolute error of 12.2 ppbv and a root mean square error of 16.4 ppbv relative to ozonesondes across all sites. An overall UT mean bias of 4.3 ppbv relative to sondes was determined for MUTOP. Considered in the context of past TES validation studies, these results illustrate that MUTOP is able to maintain accuracy similar to TES while expanding coverage to the entire GOES-West satellite domain. In addition MUTOP provides six-hour temporal resolution throughout the INTEX-B study period, making the visualization of UT ozone dynamics possible. This paper presents the overall statistical validation as well as a selection of ozonesonde case studies. The case studies illustrate that error may not always represent a lack of TES-derived product skill, but often results from discrepancies driven by observations made in the presence of strong meteorological gradients.
Globalizing Fairness Attributes in Machine Learning: A Case Study on Health in Africa
Creators: name: Asiedu, Mercy Nyamewaa
name: Dieng, Awa
name: Oppong, Abigail
name: Nagawa, Maria
name: Koyejo, Sanmi
name: Heller, Katherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With growing machine learning (ML) applications in healthcare, there have been calls for fairness in ML to understand and mitigate ethical concerns these systems may pose. Fairness has implications for global health in Africa, which already has inequitable power imbalances between the Global North and South. This paper seeks to explore fairness for global health, with Africa as a case study. We propose fairness attributes for consideration in the African context and delineate where they may come into play in different ML-enabled medical modalities. This work serves as a basis and call for action for furthering research into fairness in global health.
On the threshold for Szemerédi's theorem with random differences
Creators: name: Briët, Jop
name: Castro-Silva, Davi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B30, 05D40

description: Using recent developments on the theory of locally decodable codes, we prove that the critical size for Szemerédi's theorem with random differences is bounded from above by $N^{1-\frac{2}{k} + o(1)}$ for length-$k$ progressions. This gives polynomial improvements over the previous best bounds for all odd $k$.
description: 18 pages; incorporated reviewer comments
Estimating the climate significance of halogen-driven ozone loss in the tropical marine troposphere
Creators: name: Saiz-Lopez, A.
name: Lamarque, J.-F.
name: Kinnison, D. E.
name: Tilmes, S.
name: Ordóñez, C.
name: Orlando, J. J.
name: Conley, A. J.
name: Plane, J. M. C.
name: Mahajan, A. S.
name: Sousa Santos, G.
name: Atlas, E. L.
name: Blake, D. R.
name: Sander, S. P.
name: Schauffler, S.
name: Thompson, Anne M.
name: Brasseur, G.
Publisher: name: EGU
Year: 2012

description: We have integrated observations of tropospheric ozone, very short-lived (VSL) halocarbons and reactive iodine and bromine species from a wide variety of tropical data sources with the global CAM-Chem chemistry-climate model and offline radiative transfer calculations to compute the contribution of halogen chemistry to ozone loss and associated radiative impact in the tropical marine troposphere. The inclusion of tropospheric halogen chemistry in CAM-Chem leads to an annually averaged depletion of around 10% (~2.5 Dobson units) of the tropical tropospheric ozone column, with largest effects in the middle to upper troposphere. This depletion contributes approximately -0.10 W m⁻² to the radiative flux at the tropical tropopause. This negative flux is of similar magnitude to the ~0.33 W m⁻² contribution of tropospheric ozone to present-day radiative balance as recently estimated from satellite observations. We find that the implementation of oceanic halogen sources and chemistry in climate models is an important component of the natural background ozone budget and we suggest that it needs to be considered when estimating both preindustrial ozone baseline levels and long term changes in tropospheric ozone.
Nonlinear Hall effect in the stationary cylinder with a radial heat flux
Creators: name: Bisnovatyi-Kogan, G. S.
name: Glushikhina, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A conducting cylinder with a uniform magnetic field along its axis and radial temperature gradient is considered at the stationary state. At large temperature gradients the azimuthal Hall electrical current creates the axial magnetic field which strength may be comparable with the original one. It is shown, that the magnetic field, generated by the azimuthal Hall current, leads to the decrease of magnetic field originated by external sources, and this suppression increases with increase of the electromotive force, connected with a thermodiffusion. Obtained results can help to investigate influence of the Hall current on the coupled magneto-thermal evolution of magnetic and electric fields in neutron stars, white dwarfs, and, possibly, in a laboratory facilities.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures
Energy Depletion and Re-Acceleration of Driver Electrons in a Plasma-Wakefield Accelerator
Creators: name: Peña, F.
name: Lindstrøm, C. A.
name: Beinortaitė, J.
name: Svensson, J. Björklund
name: Boulton, L.
name: Diederichs, S.
name: Foster, B.
name: Garland, J. M.
name: Caminal, P. González
name: Loisch, G.
name: Schröder, S.
name: Thévenet, M.
name: Wesch, S.
name: Wood, J. C.
name: Osterhoff, J.
name: D'Arcy, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For plasma-wakefield accelerators to fulfil their potential for cost effectiveness, it is essential that their energy-transfer efficiency be maximized. A key aspect of this efficiency is the near-complete transfer of energy, or depletion, from the driver electrons to the plasma wake. Achieving full depletion is limited by the process of re-acceleration, which occurs when the driver electrons decelerate to non-relativistic energies, slipping backwards into the accelerating phase of the wakefield and being subsequently re-accelerated. Such re-acceleration is unambiguously observed here for the first time. At this re-acceleration limit, we measure a beam driver depositing (57 $\pm$ 3)\% of its energy into a 195-mm-long plasma. Combining this driver-to-plasma efficiency with previously measured plasma-to-beam and expected wall-plug-to-driver efficiencies, our result suggests that plasma-wakefield accelerators can in principle reach or even exceed the energy-transfer efficiency of conventional accelerators.
description: Manuscript: 7 pages, 4 figures; Supplementary material: 3 pages, 1 figure
Quantitative phase and refractive index analysis of optical fibres using differential interference contrast microscopy
Creators: name: Kouskousis, Betty
name: Kitcher, Daniel J.
name: Collins, Stephen
name: Roberts, Ann
name: Baxter, Greg W.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: A systematic and straightforward image processing method to extract quantitative phase and refractive index data from weak phase objects is presented, obtained using differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. The method is demonstrated on DIC images of optical fibers where a directional integration routine is applied to the DIC images to extract phase and refractive index information using the data obtained across the whole DIC image. By applying the inverse Abel transform to the resultant phase images, an accurate refractive index profile is obtained. The method presented here is compared to the refracted near-field technique, typically used to obtain the refractive index profile of optical fibers, and shows excellent agreement. It is concluded that through careful image processing procedures, DIC microscopy can be successfully implemented to obtain quantitative phase and refractive index information of optical fibers.
title: Population vulnerability to COVID-19 in Europe: a burden of disease analysis
title: Population vulnerability to COVID-19 in Europe: a burden of disease analysis
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Wyper, Grant M.A.
name: Assunção, Ricardo
name: Plaß, Dietrich
name: Cuschieri, Sarah
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Vulnerabilität

description: Background Evidence has emerged showing that elderly people and those with pre-existing chronic health conditions may be at higher risk of developing severe health consequences from COVID-19. In Europe, this is of particular relevance with ageing populations living with non-communicable diseases, multi-morbidity and frailty. Published estimates of Years Lived with Disability (YLD) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study help to characterise the extent of these effects. Our aim was to identify the countries across Europe that have populations at highest risk from COVID-19 by using estimates of population age structure and YLD for health conditions linked to severe illness from COVID-19. Methods Population and YLD estimates from GBD 2017 were extracted for 45 countries in Europe. YLD was restricted to a list of specific health conditions associated with being at risk of developing severe consequences from COVID-19 based on guidance from the United Kingdom Government. This guidance also identified individuals aged 70 years and above as being at higher risk of developing severe health consequences. Study outcomes were defined as: (i) proportion of population aged 70 years and above; and (ii) rate of YLD for COVID-19 vulnerable health conditions across all ages. Bivariate groupings were established for each outcome and combined to establish overall population-level vulnerability. Results Countries with the highest proportions of elderly residents were Italy, Greece, Germany, Portugal and Finland. When assessments of population-level YLD rates for COVID-19 vulnerable health conditions were made, the highest rates were observed for Bulgaria, Czechia, Croatia, Hungary and Bosnia and Herzegovina. A bivariate analysis indicated that the countries at high-risk across both measures of vulnerability were: Bulgaria; Portugal; Latvia; Lithuania; Greece; Germany; Estonia; and Sweden. Conclusion Routine estimates of population structures and non-fatal burden of disease measures can be usefully combined to create composite indicators of vulnerability for rapid assessments, in this case to severe health consequences from COVID-19. Countries with available results for sub-national regions within their country, or national burden of disease studies that also use sub-national levels for burden quantifications, should consider using non-fatal burden of disease estimates to estimate geographical vulnerability to COVID-19. © 2020 BioMed Central Ltd.
Ouvrir l’école : Inviter des responsables politiques et des initiatives sociopolitiques
Creators: name: Schilt, Michèle
name: Nilles, Ken
Publisher: name: Universität Trier
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Politischer Unterricht
valueUri: http://d-nb.info/gnd/4076231-2
subject: Politiker
valueUri: http://d-nb.info/gnd/4046517-2

description: Lorsqu’il s’agit d’inviter des personnalités issues du monde politique et social à l’école, les enseignant·e·s se posent généralement beaucoup de questions. En ce qui concerne les responsables politiques en particulier, cela en chagrine même plus d’un·e. Comment s’assurer que l’échange est profitable pour toutes les parties ?
Rapid identification of time-frequency domain gravitational wave signals from binary black holes using deep learning
Creators: name: Wang, Yu-Xin
name: Jin, Shang-Jie
name: Sun, Tian-Yang
name: Zhang, Jing-Fei
name: Zhang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent developments in deep learning techniques have offered an alternative and complementary approach to traditional matched filtering methods for the identification of gravitational wave (GW) signals. The rapid and accurate identification of GW signals is crucial for the progress of GW physics and multi-messenger astronomy, particularly in light of the upcoming fourth and fifth observing runs of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA. In this work, we use the 2D U-Net algorithm to identify the time-frequency domain GW signals from stellar-mass binary black hole (BBH) mergers. We simulate BBH mergers with component masses from 5 to 80 $M_{\odot}$ and account for the LIGO detector noise. We find that the GW events in the first and second observation runs could all be clearly and rapidly identified. For the third observing run, about $80\%$ GW events could be identified. In particular, GW190814, currently unknown, is a special case that can be identified by the network, while other binary neutron star mergers and neutron star-black hole mergers can not be identified. Compared to the traditional convolutional neural network, the U-Net algorithm can output the time-frequency domain signal images rather than probabilities, providing a more intuitive investigation. Moreover, some of the results through U-Net can provide preliminary inference on the chirp mass information. In conclusion, the U-Net algorithm can rapidly identify the time-frequency domain GW signals from BBH mergers and potentially be helpful for future parameter inferences.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures
title: Интернетизация социальной реальности российской молодежи на повестке дня
Creators: name: Руденкин, Д. В.
Publisher: name: Реноме
Year: 2019

description: Ключевой вопрос работы — какие особенности сознания и поведения свойственны российской молодежи, которая привыкла пользоваться интернетом с ранних лет. Автор отмечает: российская наука давно констатировала возможность формирования у таких молодых людей особых черт сознания и поведения, но вопрос о том, каковы эти особенности и как к ним относиться, исследован мало. Обращаясь к данным собственного социологического исследования и материалам вторичного анализа других исследований, автор прослеживает специфическую роль интернета в повседневной реальности современной российской молодежи. В работе использованы данные, собранные в ходе реализации проекта РФФИ № 16-29-09512.
Ключевые слова: интернет, молодежь, интернетизация российского общества, экстремистский контент, экстремистская информация.
Pull-out strength of rebar in concrete mixed with bagasse ash
Creators: name: Pakdee Khobklang
name: Piyanuch Jaikaew
name: Vanissorn Vimonsatit
Publisher: name: Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Bagasse ash
Bonding strength
Compressive strength
Concrete
Pozzolan

description: Engineering and Applied Science Research, 49, 4, 562-573
The effects of the muddy surface environment on heart rate and pain perception in the lower extremity during the paddy planting activity
Creators: name: Agung Kristanto
name: Nursanti, Rini
name: Choirul Bariyah
name: Ma'ruf, Farid
Publisher: name: Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Heart rate response
Pain perception
Musculoskeletal disorders
Muddy work environment
Lower extremity

description: Engineering and Applied Science Research, 49, 4, 574-580
Impacts of Participation in Community-Based Physical Activity Programs on Cognitive Functions of Children and Youth with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities: A Scoping Review
Creators: name: Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan
name: Vanderloo, Leigh M.
name: Hung, Rebecca
name: Ryce, Andrea
name: McKellin, William
name: Miller, Anton
name: Collet, Jean-Paul
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: This review paper aimed to undertake an extensive exploration of the extent, range, and nature of research activities regarding the effect and emerging evidence in the field of physical activity interventions on cognitive development among children and youth (0–17.99 years) with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), and to help identify key gaps in research and determine precise research questions for future investigations. To carry out this scoping review, five electronic databases were searched. A total of 12,097 articles were retrieved via search efforts with an additional 93 articles identified from the identified review papers. Sixty articles were eligible for inclusion. The results of this scoping review revealed many positive key cognitive outcomes related to physical activity including, but not limited to: focus, attention, self-control, cognitive process, and alertness. No studies reported a negative association between physical activity and cognitive outcomes. Based on the findings from this scoping review, physical activity appears to have a favorable impact on the cognitive outcomes of children and youth with NDD.
Flat comodules and contramodules as directed colimits, and cotorsion periodicity
Creators: name: Positselski, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is a follow-up to arXiv:2212.09639. We consider two algebraic settings of comodules over a coring and contramodules over a topological ring with a countable base of two-sided ideals. These correspond to two (noncommutative) algebraic geometry settings of certain kind of stacks and ind-affine ind-schemes. In the context of a coring $\mathcal C$ over a noncommutative ring $A$, we show that all $A$-flat $\mathcal C$-comodules are $\aleph_1$-directed colimits of $A$-countably presentable $A$-flat $\mathcal C$-comodules. In the context of a complete, separated topological ring $\mathfrak R$ with a countable base of neighborhoods of zero consisting of two-sided ideals, we prove that all flat $\mathfrak R$-contramodules are $\aleph_1$-directed colimits of countably presentable flat $\mathfrak R$-contramodules. We also describe arbitrary complexes, short exact sequences, and pure acyclic complexes of $A$-flat $\mathcal C$-comodules and flat $\mathfrak R$-contramodules as $\aleph_1$-directed colimits of similar complexes of countably presentable objects. The arguments are based on a very general category-theoretic technique going back to an unpublished 1977 preprint of Ulmer and rediscovered in arXiv:2310.16773. Applications to cotorsion periodicity and coderived categories of flat objects in the respective settings are discussed. In particular, in any acyclic complex of cotorsion $\mathfrak R$-contramodules, all the contramodules of cocycles are cotorsion.
description: Latex 2e with xy-pic; 44 pages, 1 commutative diagram; v.2: Sections 7-13 (about contramodules) added; v.3: Sections 3, 4, 10, and 11 completely rewritten based on arXiv:2310.16773, former Section 2 replaced by new Section 1, Remarks 3.2 and 10.3 added, the paper became much shorter with more results; v.4-v.5: small things corrected, references added and updated; v.6: several misprints corrected
Evaluation of informative spectral wavelengths for estimating soluble solids content in sugarcane billets
Creators: name: Vasu Udompetaikul
name: Kittisak Phetpan
name: Panmanas Sirisomboon
Publisher: name: Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Sugarcane
Yield
Quality
Monitoring system
Near-infrared
Soluble solids

description: Engineering and Applied Science Research, 49, 4, 581-586
“It makes me feel not so alone”: features of the Choose to Move physical activity intervention that reduce loneliness in older adults
Creators: name: Franke, Thea
name: Sims-Gould, Joanie
name: Nettlefold, Lindsay
name: Ottoni, Callista
name: McKay, Heather Anne, 1954-
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2021

description: Background: Despite the well-known health benefits of physical activity (PA), older adults are the least active citizens. Older adults are also at risk for loneliness. Given that lonely individuals are at risk for accelerated loss of physical functioning and health with age, PA interventions that aim to enhance social connectedness may decrease loneliness and increase long-term PA participation. The objectives of this mixed-method study are to: (1) evaluate whether an evidence-based PA intervention (Choose to Move; CTM) influenced PA and loneliness differently among self-identified ‘lonely’ versus ‘not lonely’ older adults and (2) to describe factors within CTM components most likely to promote social connectedness/reduce loneliness. Methods: CTM is a flexible, scalable, community-based health promoting physical activity intervention for older adults. Two community delivery partner organizations delivered 56 CTM programs in 26 urban locations across British Columbia. We collected survey data from participants (n = 458 at baseline) at 0 (baseline), 3 (mid-intervention) and 6 (post-intervention) months. We conducted in depth interviews with a subset of older adults to understand how CTM facilitated or impeded their PA and social connectedness. Results: PA increased significantly from baseline to 3 months in lonely and not lonely participants. PA decreased significantly from 3 to 6 months in lonely participants; however, PA at 6 months remained significantly above baseline levels in both groups. Loneliness decreased significantly from baseline to 3 and 6 months in participants identifying as lonely at baseline. Factors within CTM components that promote social connectedness/reduce loneliness include: Activity coach characteristics/personality traits and approaches; opportunity to share information and experiences and learn from others; engagement with others who share similar/familiar experiences; increased opportunity for meaningful interaction; and accountability. Conclusion: Health promoting interventions that focus on PA and social connectedness through group-based activities can effectively reduce social isolation and loneliness of older adults. Given the ‘epidemic of loneliness’ that plagues many countries currently, these kinds of interventions are timely and important. Research that further delineates mechanisms (e.g., sharing experiences vs. lectures), that modify the effect of an intervention on social connectedness outcomes for older adults engaged in community-based PA programs would be a welcome addition to the literature.
Effect of velocity stack geometry on the performance of 150 cc-four stroke motorcycles
Creators: name: I Gusti Gde Badrawada
name: Anak Agung Putu Susastriawan
name: Yoga Pradipta
Publisher: name: Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Four-stroke
Geometry
Motorcycle
Performance
Velocity stack

description: Engineering and Applied Science Research, 49, 4, 587-592
title: Социально-педагогические аспекты проблемы межпоколенного взаимодействия (на примере Республики Казахстан)
title: Social and Pedagogical Aspects of the Intergenerational Interaction Problem (Using the Example of the Republic of Kazakhstan)
Creators: name: Тесленко, Александр Николаевич
Publisher: name: Издательский центр СурГУ
Year: 2022

description: В данной статье рассмотрена проблема межпоколенного взаимодействия в современных условиях. Объектом изучения стали четыре поколения: «бэби-бумеры» (дети «оттепели», «шестидесятники»), поколение Х (дети «застоя»), поколение Y (дети «перестройки») и поколение Z (поколение независимости). Цель данной статьи состоит в анализе межпоколенных взаимодействий через призму конфликтной парадигмы и социологических данных авторского исследования. В исследовании выявлены особенности сознания и поведения молодых казахстанцев, тенденции формирования новой культурной модели социализации – префигуративной. Автор представил принципы конструирования содержания граждановедческого курса, направленного на формирование гражданской компетентности и демократической культуры.
description: This article raised the problem of intergenerational interaction in modern conditions. Four generations became the object of the study: «baby boomers» (children of the «thaw», «men of the sixties»), generation X (children of «stagnation»), generation Y (children of «perestroika») and generation Z (generation of independence). The purpose of this article was to analyze intergenerational interactions through the lens of the conflict paradigm and the sociological data of the author's research. The study revealed the peculiarities of conscience and behavior of young Kazakhstanis, as well as the trends in the formation of a new cultural model of socialization – a prefigurative one. The author presented the principles of developing the content of a course of civics aimed at formation of civic competence and democratic culture.
L’engagement bénévole individuel sur le terrain comme opportunité d’apprentissage
Creators: name: Krekeler, Anna
Publisher: name: Universität Trier
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Politische Bildung
valueUri: http://d-nb.info/gnd/4046526-3
subject: Ehrenamtliche Tätigkeit
valueUri: http://d-nb.info/gnd/4013673-5

description: L’engagement bénévole – que ce soit au sein de clubs sportifs ou en politique, chez les pompiers ou dans l’aide à l’intégration – est d’une grande valeur pour la cohésion sociale. Les élèves peuvent en outre y faire de précieuses expériences en matière d’éducation à la démocratie, se consacrer à des thèmes extracurriculaires et offrirà leur école des possibilités d’ouverture et de coopération.
Wannier solitons in spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices with a flat-band
Creators: name: Wang, Chenhui
name: Zhang, Yongping
name: Konotop, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate families of soliton solutions in a spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate embedded in an optical lattice, which bifurcate from the nearly flat lowest band. Unlike the conventional gap solitons the obtained solutions have the shape well approximated by a Wannier function (or a few Wannier functions) of the underlying linear Hamiltonian with amplitudes varying along the family and with nearly constant widths. The Wannier solitons (WSs) sharing all symmetries of the system Hamiltonian are found to be stable. Such solutions allow for the construction of Wannier breathers, that can be viewed as nonlinearly coupled one-hump solitons. The breathers are well described by a few-mode model and manifest stable behavior either in an oscillatory regime with balanced average populations or in a self-trapping regime characterized by unbalanced atomic populations of the local potential minima (similarly to the conventional boson Josephson junction), with the frequencies controlled by the inter-atomic interactions.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review A
Undergraduate physics students' experiences: Exploring the impact of underrepresented identities and intersectionality
Creators: name: Keblbeck, Dakota
name: Piatek-Jimenez, Katrina
name: Medina, Cielo Medina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Historically, physics has been a predominantly male field, with previous literature showing there is little diversity amongst U.S. physics students at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Recent research indicates that the lack of underrepresented minorities in physics is partially due to an unwelcoming climate within physics departments, as well as differential experiences during college. Most physics education research that addresses the lack of underrepresented identities within the field has focused on the identities of women and people of color. There has been little research to investigate people with multiple underrepresented identities, including those such as socioeconomic status, first-generation college students, or learning disabilities. Furthermore, there has been even less research conducted to better understand the impacts of the intersection of these underrepresented identities and how it relates to experiences when pursuing a physics major. To address this gap in the literature, our research has investigated undergraduate physics students' experiences, to better understand what factors affect their experiences and how these may differ by the intersection of one's underrepresented identities. To achieve this goal, we conducted a series of in-depth interviews with physics majors at one university to learn more about their college experiences regarding physics. Our findings suggest that there is a disproportionate number of obstacles when pursuing a physics major faced by those with a greater number of underrepresented identities. We conclude that there is a need for more equitable pedagogical practices and departmental policies within the undergraduate physics experience, in addition to, a more "human" approach to mentorship, in order to foster an environment in which students with underrepresented identities can feel supported and thrive academically and professionally.
description: 14 pages