cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The function of glutaredoxin GRXS15 is required for lipoyl-dependent dehydrogenases in mitochondria
Creators: name: Moseler, Anna
name: Kruse, Inga
name: Maclean, Andrew E
name: Pedroletti, Luca
name: Franceschetti, Marina
name: Wagner, Stephan
name: Wehler, Regina
name: Fischer-Schrader, Katrin
name: Poschet, Gernot
name: Wirtz, Markus
name: Dörmann, Peter
name: Hildebrandt, Tatjana M.
name: Hell, Rüdiger
name: Schwarzländer, Markus
name: Balk, Janneke
name: Meyer, Andreas J.
Publisher: name: Oxford : Oxford University Press
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Arabidopsis
subject: Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase
subject: Genes, Plant
subject: Genetic Variation
subject: Genotype
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::580 | Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: Iron–sulfur (Fe–S) clusters are ubiquitous cofactors in all life and are used in a wide array of diverse biological processes, including electron transfer chains and several metabolic pathways. Biosynthesis machineries for Fe–S clusters exist in plastids, the cytosol, and mitochondria. A single monothiol glutaredoxin (GRX) is involved in Fe–S cluster assembly in mitochondria of yeast and mammals. In plants, the role of the mitochondrial homolog GRXS15 has only partially been characterized. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) grxs15 null mutants are not viable, but mutants complemented with the variant GRXS15 K83A develop with a dwarf phenotype similar to the knockdown line GRXS15amiR. In an in-depth metabolic analysis of the variant and knockdown GRXS15 lines, we show that most Fe–S cluster-dependent processes are not affected, including biotin biosynthesis, molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, the electron transport chain, and aconitase in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Instead, we observed an increase in most TCA cycle intermediates and amino acids, especially pyruvate, glycine, and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Additionally, we found an accumulation of branched-chain a-keto acids (BCKAs), the first degradation products resulting from transamination of BCAAs. In wild-type plants, pyruvate, glycine, and BCKAs are all metabolized through decarboxylation by mitochondrial lipoyl cofactor (LC)-dependent dehydrogenase complexes. These enzyme complexes are very abundant, comprising a major sink for LC. Because biosynthesis of LC
Predictions for the Leptonic Dirac CP-Violating Phase
Creators: name: Everett, Lisa L.
name: Ramos, Raymundo
name: Rock, Ariel B.
name: Stuart, Alexander J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the theoretical constraints on the observable parameters of neutrino mixing on predictions for the leptonic Dirac CP-violating phase within a well-studied class of simple theoretical models that includes a single source of CP violation due to charged lepton corrections. The approach guarantees that a physically meaningful prediction for the most likely values for the leptonic Dirac CP-violating phase is obtained.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables. v3: Removed section on independent model parameters. Edited for clarity. Version submitted to IJMPA
Entropic curvature on graphs along Schr{ö}dinger bridges at zero temperature
Creators: name: Samson, Paul-Marie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Lott-Sturm-Villani theory of curvature on geodesic spaces has been extended to discrete graph spaces by C. L{é}onard by replacing W2-Wasserstein geodesics by Schr{ö}odinger bridges in the definition of entropic curvature [23, 25, 24]. As a remarkable fact, as a temperature parameter goes to zero, these Schr{ö}dinger bridges are supported by geodesics of the space. We analyse this property on discrete graphs to reach entropic curvature on discrete spaces. Our approach provides lower bounds for the entropic curvature for several examples of graph spaces: the lattice Z n endowed with the counting measure, the discrete cube endowed with product probability measures, the circle, the complete graph, the Bernoulli-Laplace model. Our general results also apply to a large class of graphs which are not specifically studied in this paper. As opposed to Erbar-Maas results on graphs [27, 10, 11], entropic curvature results of this paper imply new Pr{é}kopa-Leindler type of inequalities on discrete spaces, and new transport-entropy inequalities related to refined concentration properties for the graphs mentioned above. For example on the discrete hypercube {0, 1} n and for the Bernoulli Laplace model, a new W2 -- W1 transport-entropy inequality is reached, that can not be derived by usual induction arguments over the dimension n. As a surprising fact, our method also gives improvements of weak transport-entropy inequalities (see [28, 15]) associated to the so-called convex-hull method by Talagrand [38].
description: Probability Theory and Related Fields, Springer Verlag, 2022
The fracture of highly deformable soft materials: A tale of two length scales
Creators: name: Long, Rong
name: Hui, Chung-Yuen
name: Gong, Jian Ping
name: Bouchbinder, Eran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fracture of highly deformable soft materials is of great practical importance in a wide range of technological applications, emerging in fields such as soft robotics, stretchable electronics and tissue engineering. From a basic physics perspective, the failure of these materials poses fundamental challenges due to the strongly nonlinear and dissipative deformation involved. In this review, we discuss the physics of cracks in soft materials and highlight two length scales that characterize the strongly nonlinear elastic and dissipation zones near crack tips in such materials. We discuss physical processes, theoretical concepts and mathematical results that elucidate the nature of the two length scales, and show that the two length scales can classify a wide range of materials. The emerging multi-scale physical picture outlines the theoretical ingredients required for the development of predictive theories of the fracture soft materials. We conclude by listing open challenges and future investigation directions.
description: An invited review article, 36 pages, 7 figures
Modelling Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Creators: name: Park, Ji-Sang
name: Walsh, Aron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar cells are semiconductor devices that generate electricity through charge generation upon illumination. For optimal device efficiency, the photo-generated carriers must reach the electrical contact layers before they recombine. A deep understanding of the recombination process and transport behavior is essential to design better devices. Halide perovskite solar cells are commonly made of a polycrystalline absorber layer, but there is no consensus on the nature and role of grain boundaries. This review paper concerns theoretical approaches for the investigation of extended defects. We introduce recent computational studies on grain boundaries, and their influence on point defect distributions, in halide perovskite solar cells. We conclude the paper with discussion of future research directions.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
title: Historical biogeography of the leopard (Panthera pardus) and its extinct Eurasian populations
Creators: name: Paijmans, Johanna L. A.
name: Barlow, Axel
name: Förster, Daniel W.
name: Henneberger, Kirstin
name: Meyer, Matthias
name: Nickel, Birgit
name: Nagel, Doris
name: Worsøe Havmøller, Rasmus
name: Baryshnikov, Gennady F.
name: Joger, Ulrich
name: Rosendahl, Wilfried
name: Hofreiter, Michael
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Background

Resolving the historical biogeography of the leopard (Panthera pardus) is a complex issue, because patterns inferred from fossils and from molecular data lack congruence. Fossil evidence supports an African origin, and suggests that leopards were already present in Eurasia during the Early Pleistocene. Analysis of DNA sequences however, suggests a more recent, Middle Pleistocene shared ancestry of Asian and African leopards. These contrasting patterns led researchers to propose a two-stage hypothesis of leopard dispersal out of Africa: an initial Early Pleistocene colonisation of Asia and a subsequent replacement by a second colonisation wave during the Middle Pleistocene. The status of Late Pleistocene European leopards within this scenario is unclear: were these populations remnants of the first dispersal, or do the last surviving European leopards share more recent ancestry with their African counterparts?

Results

In this study, we generate and analyse mitogenome sequences from historical samples that span the entire modern leopard distribution, as well as from Late Pleistocene remains. We find a deep bifurcation between African and Eurasian mitochondrial lineages (~ 710 Ka), with the European ancient samples as sister to all Asian lineages (~ 483 Ka). The modern and historical mainland Asian lineages share a relatively recent common ancestor (~ 122 Ka), and we find one Javan sample nested within these.

Conclusions

The phylogenetic placement of the ancient European leopard as sister group to Asian leopards suggests that these populations originate from the same out-of-Africa dispersal which founded the Asian lineages. The coalescence time found for the mitochondrial lineages aligns well with the earliest undisputed fossils in Eurasia, and thus encourages a re-evaluation of the identification of the much older putative leopard fossils from the region. The relatively recent ancestry of all mainland Asian leopard lineages suggests that these populations underwent a severe population bottleneck during the Pleistocene. Finally, although only based on a single sample, the unexpected phylogenetic placement of the Javan leopard could be interpreted as evidence for exchange of mitochondrial lineages between Java and mainland Asia, calling for further investigation into the evolutionary history of this subspecies.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 505
Seamlessly Unifying Attributes and Items: Conversational Recommendation for Cold-Start Users
Creators: name: Li, Shijun
name: Lei, Wenqiang
name: Wu, Qingyun
name: He, Xiangnan
name: Jiang, Peng
name: Chua, Tat-Seng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6

description: Static recommendation methods like collaborative filtering suffer from the inherent limitation of performing real-time personalization for cold-start users. Online recommendation, e.g., multi-armed bandit approach, addresses this limitation by interactively exploring user preference online and pursuing the exploration-exploitation (EE) trade-off. However, existing bandit-based methods model recommendation actions homogeneously. Specifically, they only consider the items as the arms, being incapable of handling the item attributes, which naturally provide interpretable information of user's current demands and can effectively filter out undesired items. In this work, we consider the conversational recommendation for cold-start users, where a system can both ask the attributes from and recommend items to a user interactively. This important scenario was studied in a recent work. However, it employs a hand-crafted function to decide when to ask attributes or make recommendations. Such separate modeling of attributes and items makes the effectiveness of the system highly rely on the choice of the hand-crafted function, thus introducing fragility to the system. To address this limitation, we seamlessly unify attributes and items in the same arm space and achieve their EE trade-offs automatically using the framework of Thompson Sampling. Our Conversational Thompson Sampling (ConTS) model holistically solves all questions in conversational recommendation by choosing the arm with the maximal reward to play. Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets show that ConTS outperforms the state-of-the-art methods Conversational UCB (ConUCB) and Estimation-Action-Reflection model in both metrics of success rate and average number of conversation turns.
description: TOIS 2021
The neuroendocrine and physiological impact of organophosphate flame retardants on energy homeostasis in adult mice
Creators: name: Vail, Gwyndolin M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: The maintenance of energy homeostasis is an integral endocrine-mediated function and is centrally coordinated through hypothalamic melanocortin circuitry. Two nuclear receptors that regulate energy homeostasis are estrogen receptor (ER) α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ. Disruption of these pathways can cause metabolic disturbances that may lead to serious disorders such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome. This gives cause for concern regarding chemicals that can interfere with endogenous endocrine signaling such as ERα and PPARγ. One such chemical class are organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs). OPFRs demonstrate widespread human exposure and have been implicated in disruption of energy homeostasis. In this dissertation, I will be examining the toxicological impact of adult exposure to OPFRs on neuroendocrine and physiological endpoints of metabolic disruption. First, I characterize the diet- and sex-dependent physiological effects of adult exposure to OPFRs in wildtype (WT) mice, examining parameters such as weight gain, adiposity, metabolism, activity, ingestive behaviors, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and plasma peptide hormone levels. I found that OPFR exposure alters circulating peptide hormone levels, feeding behavior, disrupts diurnal fluid intake patterns, and decreases female activity and energy expenditure while promotes weight gain and adiposity in male mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Next, I characterized similar parameters within global ERα knockout (ERαKO) and brain-specific PPARγ knockout (PPARγKO) mice to assess the responsibility of the respective receptors in OPFR-induced disruption of energy homeostasis. I found that the weight gain and adiposity associated with OPFR exposure in WT males can, in part, be attributed to both ERα and PPARγ action. Additionally, I observed numerous novel effects of OPFR in KO genotypes, which may be a result of the absence of ERα and PPARγ targets making alternative OPFR targets more vulnerable to disruption. Lastly, I characterize the neuroendocrine impact of OPFR exposure on hypothalamic neurons governing energy homeostasis. Overall, OPFR exposure augmented neuronal excitability, concluding in a net increase of neuronal output from arcuate neuropeptide Y (NPY) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. Collectively, these data represent significant disruptions to energy homeostasis and demonstrate that the capacity for OPFRs to cause adverse health effects extends to adult exposures.
Analysis of allelic variants of RhMLO genes in rose and functional studies on susceptibility to powdery mildew related to clade V homologs
Creators: name: Fang, Peihong
name: Arens, Paul
name: Liu, Xintong
name: Zhang, Xin
name: Lakwani, Deepika
name: Foucher, Fabrice
name: Clotault, Jérémy
name: Geike, Juliane
name: Kaufmann, Helgard
name: Debener, Thomas
name: Bai, Yuling
name: Zhang, Zhao
name: Smulders, Marinus J. M.
Publisher: name: Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Alleles
subject: Ascomycota
subject: Chromosome Mapping
subject: Chromosomes, Plant
subject: Disease Resistance
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Key message: Rose has 19 MLO genes. Of these, RhMLO1 and RhMLO2 were shown to be required for powdery mildew infection, which suggests their potential as susceptibility targets towards disease resistance. Abstract: Powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera pannosa, is one of the most serious and widespread fungal diseases for roses, especially in greenhouse-grown cut roses. It has been shown that certain MLO genes are involved in powdery mildew susceptibility and that loss of function in these genes in various crops leads to broad-spectrum, long-lasting resistance against this fungal disease. For this reason, these MLO genes are called susceptibility genes. We carried out a genome-wide identification of the MLO gene family in the Rosa chinensis genome, and screened for allelic variants among 22 accessions from seven different Rosa species using re-sequencing and transcriptome data. We identified 19 MLO genes in rose, of which four are candidate genes for functional homologs in clade V, which is the clade containing all dicot MLO susceptibility genes. We detected a total of 198 different allelic variants in the set of Rosa species and accessions, corresponding to 5–15 different alleles for each of the genes. Some diploid Rosa species shared alleles with tetraploid rose cultivars, consistent with the notion that diploid species have contributed to the formation of tetraploid roses. Among the four RhMLO genes in clade V, we demonstrated using expression study, virus-induced gene silencing as well as transient RNAi silencing that two of them, RhMLO1 and RhMLO2, are required for infection by P. pannosa and suggest their potential as susceptibility targets for powdery mildew resistance breeding in rose.
What can we learn about QCD and collider physics from N=4 super Yang-Mills?
Creators: name: Henn, Johannes M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tremendous ongoing theory efforts are dedicated to developing new methods for QCD calculations. Qualitative rather than incremental advances are needed to fully exploit data still to be collected at the LHC. The maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory (${\mathcal N}=4$ sYM) shares with QCD the gluon sector, which contains the most complicated Feynman graphs, but at the same time has many special properties, and is believed to be solvable exactly. It is natural to ask what we can learn from advances in ${\mathcal N}=4$ sYM for addressing difficult problems in QCD. With this in mind, we review here several remarkable developments and highlights of recent results in ${\mathcal N}=4$ sYM. This includes all-order results for certain scattering amplitudes, novel symmetries, surprising geometrical structures of loop integrands, novel tools for the calculation of Feynman integrals, and bootstrap methods. While several insights and tools have already been carried over to QCD and have contributed to state-of-the-art calculations for LHC physics, we argue that there is a host of further fascinating ideas waiting to be explored.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures. Invited review to appear in Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science; v2: presentation improved
title: Enhancing science communication in research proposals to influence funding decision-making
Creators: name: Al-Husaini, Fajer
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2022

description: Although science communication with the general public (Olson et al., 2013; Olson, 2015; Dahlstrom, 2014; Fischhoff & Scheufele, 2014; Kwon & Nelson, 2016) and with policy makers (Torres, 2019; Dahlstrom & Scheufele, 2018; Lidskog et al., 2020) has been explored, highlighting that information needs to be presented in a meaningful context for people to understand its value, there has been less attention paid to how scientists communicate research proposals in order to gain funding for research. In this study I draw from storytelling theory to explore the complex process of communicating for science funding. Storytelling has been used as a common communication tool that can project meaning. Humans intuitively communicate via stories in their daily conversation to provide context that allow others to interpret our unique experiences (Schank, 1999). Storytelling has also been used in other contexts such as marketing, branding, public relations as well as in science communication. However, there is an absence of theory that addresses how stories can be used to obtain funding for scientific research. The aim of the project is therefore to (1) understand how applications for research funding are structured, (2) understand how scientists communicate their research to funding committee members, and (3) to uncover how certain communication aspects influence funding decisions. The project outcome is to provide scientists with a communication theory that would aid in securing funds as they communicate more clearly to funding agents.
Number theory, periodic orbits and superconductivity in nano-cubes
Creators: name: Mayoh, James
name: García-García, Antonio M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study superconductivity in isolated superconducting nano-cubes and nano-squares of size $L$ in the limit of negligible disorder, $δ/Δ_0 \ll 1$ and $k_F L \gg 1$ for which mean-field theory and semiclassical techniques are applicable, with $k_F$ the Fermi wave vector, $δ$ the mean level spacing and $Δ_0$ the bulk gap. By using periodic orbit theory and number theory we find explicit analytical expressions for the size dependence of the superconducting order parameter. Our formalism takes into account contributions from both the spectral density and the interaction matrix elements in a basis of one-body eigenstates. The leading size dependence of the energy gap in three dimensions seems to be universal as it agrees with the result for chaotic grains. In the region of parameters corresponding to conventional metallic superconductors, and for sizes $L \gtrsim 10$nm, the contribution to the superconducting gap from the matrix elements is substantial ($\sim 20\%$). Deviations from the bulk limit are still clearly observed even for comparatively large grains $L \sim 50$nm. These analytical results are in excellent agreement with the numerical solution of the mean-field gap equation.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, 2 appendices
Suppression of the multi-azimuthal-angle instability in dense neutrino gas during supernova accretion phase
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Sovan
name: Mirizzi, Alessandro
name: Saviano, Ninetta
name: Seixas, David de Sousa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been recently pointed out that removing the axial symmetry in the "multi-angle effects" associated with the neutrino-neutrino interactions for supernova (SN) neutrinos, a new multi-azimuthal-angle (MAA) instability would arise. In particular, for a flux ordering $F_{ν_e} > F_{\barν_e} > F_{ν_x}$, as expected during the SN accretion phase, this instability occurs in the normal neutrino mass hierarchy. However, during this phase the ordinary matter density can be larger than the neutrino one, suppressing the self-induced conversions. At this regard, we investigate the matter suppression of the MAA effects, performing a linearized stability analysis of the neutrino equations of motion, in the presence of realistic SN density profiles. We compare these results with the numerical solution of the SN neutrino non-linear evolution equations. Assuming axially symmetric distributions of neutrino momenta we find that the large matter term strongly inhibits the MAA effects. In particular, the hindrance becomes stronger including realistic forward-peaked neutrino angular distributions. As a result, in our model for a $10.8$ $M_{\odot}$ iron-core SNe, MAA instability does not trigger any flavor conversion during the accretion phase. Instead, for a $8.8$ $M_{\odot}$ O-Ne-Mg core SN model, with lower matter density profile and less forward-peaked angular distributions, flavor conversions are possible also at early times.
description: (v2: 8 pages, 6 eps figures. revised version with minor changes. Accepted for publication in PRD). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1203.1484
Dynamic Acoustic Levitator Based On Subwavelength Aperture Control
Creators: name: Lu, Xiaolong
name: Twiefel, Jens
name: Ma, Zhichao
name: Yu, Tingting
name: Wallaschek, Jörg
name: Fischer, Peer
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: contact-free manipulation
subject: dynamic levitation
subject: ferrofluid
subject: subwavelength
subject: ultrasound
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: Acoustic levitation provides a means to achieve contactless manipulation of fragile materials and biological samples. Most acoustic levitators rely on complex electronic hardware and software to shape the acoustic field and realize their dynamic operation. Here, the authors introduce a dynamic acoustic levitator that is based on mechanically controlling the opening and (partial) closing of subwavelength apertures. This simple approach relies on the use of a single ultrasonic transducer and is shown to permit the facile and reliable manipulation of a variety targets ranging from solid particles, to fluid and ferrofluidic drops. Experimental observations agree well with numerical simulations of the Gor'kov potential. Remarkably, this system even enables the generation of time-varying potentials and induces oscillatory and rotational motion in the levitated objects via a feedback mechanism between the trapped object and the trapping potential. This is shown to result in long distance translation, in-situ rotation and self-modulated oscillation of the trapped particles. In addition, dense ferrofluidic droplets are levitated and transformed inside the levitator. Controlling subwavelength apertures opens the possibility to realize simple powerful levitators that nevertheless allow for the versatile dynamic manipulation of levitated matter.
On Hyperparameter Optimization of Machine Learning Algorithms: Theory and Practice
Creators: name: Yang, Li
name: Shami, Abdallah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.0; I.2.2; C.2.0
subject: 68T01, 90C31

description: Machine learning algorithms have been used widely in various applications and areas. To fit a machine learning model into different problems, its hyper-parameters must be tuned. Selecting the best hyper-parameter configuration for machine learning models has a direct impact on the model's performance. It often requires deep knowledge of machine learning algorithms and appropriate hyper-parameter optimization techniques. Although several automatic optimization techniques exist, they have different strengths and drawbacks when applied to different types of problems. In this paper, optimizing the hyper-parameters of common machine learning models is studied. We introduce several state-of-the-art optimization techniques and discuss how to apply them to machine learning algorithms. Many available libraries and frameworks developed for hyper-parameter optimization problems are provided, and some open challenges of hyper-parameter optimization research are also discussed in this paper. Moreover, experiments are conducted on benchmark datasets to compare the performance of different optimization methods and provide practical examples of hyper-parameter optimization. This survey paper will help industrial users, data analysts, and researchers to better develop machine learning models by identifying the proper hyper-parameter configurations effectively.
description: Published in Neurocomputing (Elsevier's journal, Q1, IF: 5.779). Tutorial code has got 1000+ stars. Github link: https://github.com/LiYangHart/Hyperparameter-Optimization-of-Machine-Learning-Algorithms
Quantum states, symmetry and dynamics in degenerate spin s=1 magnets
Creators: name: Kovalevsky, M. Y.
name: Glushchenko, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The article deals with spin s=1 magnets. The symmetry conditions for normal and degenerate equilibrium states are defined and types of magnetic ordering found out. For each type of symmetry breaking the structure of source in the Gibbs statistical operator has been obtained and additional thermodynamic parameters introduced. The algebra of Poisson bracket for magnetic degrees of freedom has been established and nonlinear dynamic equations have been derived. Using the models of the exchange interaction, we have calculated the spectra of collective excitations for two degenerate states whose order parameters have digerent signature under the time reversal transformation.
description: 10 pages, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
An elementary abelian $p$-cover of the Hermitian curve with many automorphisms
Creators: name: Borges, Herivelto
name: Fukasawa, Satoru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H37, 14H05, 14G15

description: The full automorphism group of a certain elementary abelian $p$-cover of the Hermitian curve in characteristic $p>0$ is determined. It is remarkable that the order of Sylow $p$-groups of the automorphism group is close to Nakajima's bound in terms of the $p$-rank. Weierstrass points, Galois points, Frobenius nonclassicality, and arc property are also investigated.
description: 14 pages. Main Theorems are extended
Anisotropic quantum scattering in two dimensions
Creators: name: Koval, Eugene A.
name: Koval, Oksana A.
name: Melezhik, Vladimir S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum scattering in two spatial dimensions (2D). Our computational scheme allows to quantitatively analyze the scattering parameters for the strong anisotropy of the interaction potential. High efficiency of the method is demonstrated for the 2D scattering on the cylindrical potential with the elliptical base and dipole-dipole collisions in the plane. We reproduce the result for the 2D scattering of polarized dipoles in binary collisions obtained recently by Ticknor [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 84}, 032702 (2011)] and the 2D collisions of unpolarized dipoles.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures
Irradiation of Nanostrained Monolayer WSe$_2$ for Site-Controlled Single-Photon Emission up to 150 K
Creators: name: Parto, Kamyar
name: Banerjee, Kaustav
name: Moody, Galan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum-dot-like WSe$_2$ single-photon emitters have become a promising platform for future on-chip scalable quantum light sources with unique advantages over existing technologies, notably the potential for site-specific engineering. However, the required cryogenic temperatures for the functionality of these sources have been an inhibitor of their full potential. Existing strain engineering methods face fundamental challenges in extending the working temperature while maintaining the emitter's fabrication yield and purity. In this work, we demonstrate a novel method of designing site-specific single-photon emitters in atomically thin WSe$_2$ with near-unity yield utilizing independent and simultaneous strain engineering via nanoscale stressors and defect engineering via electron-beam irradiation. Many of these emitters exhibit exciton-biexciton cascaded emission, purities above 95%, and working temperatures extending up to 150 K, which is the highest observed in van der Waals semiconductor single-photon emitters without Purcell enhancement. This methodology, coupled with possible plasmonic or optical micro-cavity integration, potentially furthers the realization of future scalable, room-temperature, and high-quality van der Waals quantum light sources.
A closure operator respecting the modular $j$-function
Creators: name: Aslanyan, Vahagn
name: Eterović, Sebastian
name: Kirby, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 12H05, 11F03, 03C60

description: We prove some unconditional cases of the Existential Closedness problem for the modular $j$-function. For this, we show that for any finitely generated field we can find a "convenient" set of generators. This is done by showing that in any field equipped with functions replicating the algebraic behaviour of the modular $j$-function and its derivatives, one can define a natural closure operator in three equivalent different ways.
description: 28 pages. Minor corrections
title: Stalactite inspired thin film flow
Creators: name: Harrison, Samuel R.
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2023

description: Geomorphic patterns are abundant in nature, however the mechanisms that drive the formation and the evolution of these structures are not well understood. In this thesis, we focus on one such pattern. On the surface of stalactites, we find centimetre scale ripples, called crenulations. Stalactites grow as a result of a thin film flowing down the outside, which deposits calcium on the surface. This deposition changes the shape of the wall, which will in turn affect the flow. As the stalactite grows at a much slower rate than the fluid flows, we can model these separately. In this thesis, we will first look at modelling the thin film flow in the appropriate geometries. For this problem, we will consider the radius and the wavelength to be of similar sizes. These will be much larger than the fluid thickness. For this model, we consider the crenulation amplitude to be a similar size to the fluid thickness. We will then look to see how the crenulation wavelength and amplitude affects the flow. Using these flows, we then look at modelling the evolution of the stalactite wall. We examine under what conditions we would expect the crenulations to form and how they evolve once they do.
Universal form of the Nicolai map
Creators: name: Lechtenfeld, Olaf
name: Rupprecht, Maximilian
Publisher: name: Ridge, NY : American Physical Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: stochastic identities
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: The nonlocal bosonic theory obtained from integrating out all anticommuting and auxiliary variables in a globally supersymmetric theory is characterized by the Nicolai map. The latter is generated by a coupling flow functional differential operator, which can be canonically constructed when the supersymmetry is realized off shell. Given any scalar superfield theory, we present a universal formula for both the Nicolai map and its inverse in terms of an ordered exponential of the integrated coupling flow operator. We demonstrate that our formula also holds for supersymmetric gauge theories.
Infectious titer determination of lentiviral vectors using a temporal immunological real-time imaging approach
Creators: name: Labisch, Jennifer J.
name: Wiese, G. Philip
name: Barnes, Kalpana
name: Bollmann, Franziska
name: Pflanz, Karl
Publisher: name: San Francisco, California, US : PLOS
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Flow Cytometry
subject: Genetic Vectors
subject: HEK293 Cells
subject: Humans
subject: Lentivirus
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: The analysis of the infectious titer of the lentiviral vector samples obtained during upstream and downstream processing is of major importance, however, also the most challenging method to be performed. Currently established methods like flow cytometry or qPCR lack the capability of enabling high throughput sample processing while they require a lot of manual handling. To address this limitation, we developed an immunological real-time imaging method to quantify the infectious titer of anti-CD19 CAR lentiviral vectors with a temporal readout using the Incucyte® S3 live-cell analysis system. The infective titers determined with the Incucyte® approach when compared with the flow cytometry-based assay had a lower standard deviation between replicates and a broader linear range. A major advantage of the method is the ability to obtain titer results in real-time, enabling an optimal readout time. The presented protocol significantly decreased labor and increased throughput. The ability of the assay to process high numbers of lentiviral samples in a high throughput manner was proven by performing a virus stability study, demonstrating the effects of temperature, salt, and shear stress on LV infectivity.
The stable hull of an exact $\infty$-category
Creators: name: Klemenc, Jona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18N60, 18G8

description: We construct a left adjoint $\mathcal{H}^\text{st}\colon \mathbf{Ex}_{\infty} \rightarrow \mathbf{St}_{\infty}$ to the inclusion $\mathbf{St}_{\infty} \hookrightarrow \mathbf{Ex}_{\infty}$ of the $\infty$-category of stable $\infty$-categories into the $\infty$-category of exact $\infty$-categories, which we call the stable hull. For every exact $\infty$-category $\mathcal{E}$, the unit functor $\mathcal{E} \rightarrow \mathcal{H}^\text{st}(\mathcal{E})$ is fully faithful and preserves and reflects exact sequences. This provides an $\infty$-categorical variant of the Gabriel-Quillen embedding for ordinary exact categories. If $\mathcal{E}$ is an ordinary exact category, the stable hull $\mathcal{H}^\text{st}(\mathcal{E})$ is equivalent to the bounded derived $\infty$-category of $\mathcal{E}$.
description: 22 pages, accepted version
New system design for the cultivation of extractive species at exposed sites - Part 2: Experimental modelling in waves and currents
Creators: name: Landmann, Jannis
name: Fröhling, Lukas
name: Gieschen, Rebekka
name: Buck, Bela H.
name: Heasman, Kevin
name: Scott, Nicholas
name: Smeaton, Malcolm
name: Goseberg, Nils
name: Hildebrandt, Arndt
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Aquaculture
subject: Bivalves
subject: Model tests
subject: Wave and current loads
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Aquaculture is projected to be a major supplier of marine proteins to large parts of the global population. This includes bivalves, which have a high potential to offset protein deficits, as they are highly adaptable to varying water temperature, salinity, desiccation, and oxygen conditions. This work is part of a two-piece contribution on novel marine aquaculture technology and details physical laboratory tests of a new cultivation system for bivalve farming called “Shellfish Tower”. The tested 1:20 model consists of a rectangular cage (2 × 2 m prototype scale) with a central buoyancy element and a height of 2 – 4 m. Testing was done in a current flume as well as a wave basin for current velocities between 0.4 – 2.2 m/s and wave heights of 1.6 to 5.0 m with periods between 5 to 14 s. The tests were conducted to prove the feasibility and functionality of this aquaculture system, which is usable for the collection and cultivation of mussel spat as well as for the grow-out of oysters, scallops, and seaweed in marine environments. Tests carried out in a current flume revealed that drag coefficients decrease with increasing current velocities, and range from Cd=0.5 to 2.5, while the mooring inclination increases from 12° to 84° with increasing flow velocity, which is highly dependant on the buoyancy related pretension. The examination of the mooring line tensions recorded in a wave basin showed that the largest values of snap-induced tension were up to 10 times that of the semi-static tension. The maximum-recorded tension on the system was 48 kN for a single and 89 kN for a double configuration, compared to non-snap tension values, which were in the range of 6 – 10 kN. The insights gathered in this study will inform the future design of aquaculture systems in high-energy environments and allow for an integration into numerical models.
How to Define the Quality of Data and Data Models? A Perspective from the Cultural Heritage Domain
Creators: name: Stein, Regine
name: Taentzer, Gabriele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Data quality is a much-discussed topic, not only in the NFDI. But what is data quality? The definition of quality dimensions varies widely in the literature. We use a feature-based analysis to review existing quality definitions for data and data models, focusing on semi-structured, linked data. Our aim is to contribute to a common understanding of data quality and data model quality for this type of data. This work is a result of the BMBF-funded KONDA project on the continuous quality management of dynamic research data on objects of material culture. The results of this project will be incorporated into NFDI4Culture in particular. This is the slide deck of the NFDI-InfraTalk “How to Define the Quality of Data and Data Models? A Perspective from the Cultural Heritage Domain.” given on 6 March 2023. The talk is available on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQDWC7OZF3A
Protective operative techniques in radical hysterectomy in early cervical carcinoma and their influence on disease-free and overall survival: a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk groups
Creators: name: Kampers, Johanna
name: Gerhardt, E.
name: Sibbertsen, P.
name: Flock, T.
name: Klapdor, R.
name: Hertel, H.
name: Jentschke, M.
name: Hillemanns, P.
Publisher: name: Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Early cervical cancer
subject: Hysterectomy
subject: Minimally invasive
subject: Oncologic outcome
subject: Operating techniques
subject: Uterine manipulator
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: Purpose: Radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy presents the standard treatment for early cervical cancer. Recently, studies have shown a superior oncological outcome for open versus minimal invasive surgery, however, the reasons remain to be speculated. This meta-analysis evaluates the outcomes of robotic and laparoscopic hysterectomy compared to open hysterectomy. Risk groups including the use of uterine manipulators or colpotomy were created. Methods: Ovid-Medline and Embase databases were systematically searched in June 2020. No limitation in date of publication or country was made. Subgroup analyses were performed regarding the surgical approach and the endpoints OS and DFS. Results: 30 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Five prospective, randomized-control trials were included. Patients were analyzed concerning the surgical approach [open surgery (AH), laparoscopic surgery (LH), robotic surgery (RH)]. Additionally, three subgroups were created from the LH group: the LH high-risk group (manipulator), intermediate-risk group (no manipulator, intracorporal colpotomy) and LH low-risk group (no manipulator, vaginal colpotomy). Regarding OS, the meta-analysis showed inferiority of LH in total over AH (0.97 [0.96; 0.98]). The OS was significantly higher in LH low risk (0.96 [0.94; 0.98) compared to LH intermediate risk (0.93 [0.91; 0.94]). OS rates were comparable in AH and LH Low-risk group. DFS was higher in the AH group compared to the LH group in general (0.92 [95%-CI 0.88; 0.95] vs. 0.87 [0.82; 0.91]), whereas the application of protective measures (no uterine manipulator in combination with vaginal colpotomy) was associated with increased DFS in laparoscopy (0.91 [0.91; 0.95]). Conclusion: DFS and OS in laparoscopy appear to be depending on surgical technique. Protective operating techniques in laparoscopy result in improved minimal invasive survival.
Der Führerstaat – ein diachroner und synchroner Überblick auf polykratische und monokratische Elemente
Creators: name: Hofmann, Andreas C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: 20. Jahrhundert
Drittes Reich
Führerstaat
Zeitgeschichte
Nationalsozialismus

description: veröffentlicht als aussichten Nr. 2 [02.07.2011], verfasst als Stud.handr. im Jahre 2005

Die Ausarbeitung gibt eine kursorische Übersicht zu dem Merkmalen des Führerstaates aus diachroner und synchroner Perspektive sowie einen Ausblick auf mögliche Forschungskontroversen.
Pre-merger Localization of Compact-binary Mergers with Third-generation Observatories
Creators: name: Nitz, Alexander H.
name: Dal Canton, Tito
Publisher: name: Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: gravitational-waves
subject: parameter-estimation
subject: coalescene
subject: search
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::520 | Astronomie, Kartographie

description: We present the prospects for the pre-merger detection and localization of binary neutron star mergers with third-generation gravitational-wave (GW) observatories. We consider a wide variety of GW networks that may be operating in the 2030s and beyond; these networks include up to two Cosmic Explorer (CE) sites, the Einstein Telescope (ET), and continued observation with the existing second-generation ground-based detectors. For a fiducial local merger rate of 300 Gpc-3 yr-1, we find that the ET on its own is able to detect six and two sources per year at 5 and 30 minutes before merger, respectively, while providing a localization of <10 deg2. A single CE would detect but be unable to localize sources on its own. A two-detector CE network, however, would detect 22 and 0.4 mergers per year using the same criteria. A full three-detector network with the operation of dual CEs and the ET would allow for <1 deg2 source localization at 5 minutes before merger for ∼seven sources per year. Given the dramatic increase in localization and detection capabilities, third-generation observatories will enable the regular observation of the prompt emission of mergers by a broad array of observatories including gamma-ray, X-ray, and optical telescopes. Moreover, sub-degree localizations minutes before merger, combined with narrow-field-of-view high-energy telescopes, could strongly constrain the high-energy pre-merger emission models proposed in the last decade.