Hipposideros ater Templeton 1848
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Mittermeier, Russell A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Hipposideridae
Hipposideros
Hipposideros ater

description: 62. Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat <i>Hipposideros ater</i> <b>French:</b> Phyllorhine sombre / <b>German:</b> Dunkle Rundblattnase / <b>Spanish:</b> Hiposidérido sombreado <b>Other common names:</b> Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat, Dusky Roundleaf Bat <b>Taxonomy.</b> Hipposideros ater Templeton, 1848, “Colombo,” Sri Lanka. Hipposideros ater was formerly included in the bicolor species group, but is now placed in the new ater species group (13 species). Phylogenetic analyses suggested specimens referred to this species from throughout the range include cryptic species; e.g. in Borneo, and further revision of this widespread species is needed. Seven subspecies recognized. <b>Subspecies and Distribution.</b> H.a.aterTempleton,1848-IndiaandSriLanka. H.a.amboinensisPeters,1871—AmbonI,Moluccas. H.a.antricolaPeters,1861—Philippines. H.a.aruensisj.E.Gray,1858—NewGuinea,BismarckArchipelago,WoodlarkI,andEAustralia(Queensland). H.a.gilbertiD.H.Johnson,1959-WesternAustraliaandNorthernTerritory,Australia. H.a.naUamalaensis.Srinivasulu&amp;B.Srinivasulu,2006-EasternGhats,AndhraPradesh,India. H. a. saevus K. Andersen, 1918 -Myanmar S to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, N Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Is (Bali and Lombok), Sulawesi, Moluccas, and Kai Is. Range of this subspecies is tentative and needs revision. <b>Descriptive notes.</b> Head-body 35-45 mm, tail 17-28 mm, forearm 17-43 mm; weight 4-5-10 g. Forearm length variable between populations, 34-38 mm (Indian subcontinent) and 36-43 mm (Papua New Guinea). Noseleaf of the Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat has no supplementary leaflet. Shape of intemarial septum varies between populations, from triangular to parallel-sided, or a swollen bump. Pelage color is variable from dull yellow to golden-orange to gray to dark brown; base of hair is paler than tip. Skull is small; sagittal crest is present but not well developed. P4 is small and extruded from tooth row. Baculum is a very small, thin, straight shaft with simple blunt base and tip. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 60. Habitat The Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat forages in forest gaps, understory of rainforest, dry evergreen forest, and secondary forest. <b>Food and Feeding.</b> The Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat combines aerial-hawking and foliagegleaning tactics to find insect prey. Its known diet includes beetles, moths, gnats, and mosquitoes. <b>Breeding.</b> In India, females were found pregnant in mid-November to mid-December and gave birth to a single offspring from late May to June, continuing to lactate until mid-August. Females reach sexual maturity within one year. In Sri Lanka, pregnant females were captured in mid-March. In Papua New Guinea, pregnant females were found in late October, and a young was found in early December. In Australia, newborn young were observed in October-November. Individual males can be found at maternity roosts. <b>Activity patterns.</b> The Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat emerges rather late in the evening and flies low down. It roosts in caves, rock crevices, houses, old buildings, abandoned mines or hollow trees. During the day, it spends time grooming and cleaning fur and membranes. Call frequency of F segment is 163-169 kHz in India, and 154-164 kHz in Papua New Guinea. <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> The Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat roosts singly (particularly males), or in small groups, in caves, with numbers of up to a few hundred individuals; bats maintain a space of c.lO cm from each other. The species can share a roost with other bat species, but tends to hang apart from them. <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. The Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat is a widespread species and is found in several protected areas. <b>Bibliography.</b> Bates &amp; Harrison (1997), Bonaccorso (1998), Corbet &amp; Hill (1992), Csorba, Bumrungsri, Francis, Helgen, Bates, Gumal, Heaney eta/. (2008), Douangboubpha, Bumrungsri, Satasook et al. (2011), Douangboubpha, Bumrungsri, Soisook, Murray et al. (2010), Phillipps &amp; Phillipps (2016), Simmons (2005), Srinivasulu &amp; Srinivasulu (2006).
description: Published as part of <i>Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Hipposideridae, pp. 227-258 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on page 249, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3739808