cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Statistical Analysis of Interplanetary Shocks from Mercury to Jupiter
Creators: name: Pérez-Alanis, Carlos
name: Janvier, Miho
name: Nieves-Chinchilla, Teresa
name: Aguilar-Rodríguez, Ernesto
name: Démoulin, Pascal
name: Corona-Romero, Pedro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In situ observations of interplanetary (IP) coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) and IP shocks are important to study as they are the main components of the solar activity. Hundreds of IP shocks have been detected by various space missions at different times and heliocentric distances. Some of these are followed by clearly identified drivers, while some others are not. In this study, we carry out a statistical analysis of the distributions of plasma and magnetic parameters of the IP shocks recorded at various distances to the Sun. We classify the shocks according to the heliocentric distance, namely from 0.29 to 0.99 AU (Helios-1/2); near 1 AU (Wind, ACE and STEREO-A/B); and from 1.35 to 5.4 AU (Ulysses). We also differentiate the IP shocks into two populations, those with a detected ICME and those without one. We find, as expected, that there are no significant differences in the results from spacecraft positioned at 1 AU. Moreover, the distributions of shock parameters, as well as the shock normal have no significant variations with the heliocentric distance. Additionally, we investigate how the number of shocks associated to stream-interaction regions (SIRs) increases with distance in proportion of ICME/shocks. From 1 to 5 AU, SIRs/ shock occurrence increases slightly from 21% to 34%, in contrast ICME/shocks occurrence decreases from 47% to 17%. We find also indication of an asymmetry induced by the Parker spiral for SIRs and none for ICMEs.
description: 29 Pages, 11 Figures. Accepted for Publication in Solar Physics
3D mapping of the solar neighbourhood with Gaia DR2
Creators: name: Zari, Eleonora
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: We use Gaia DR2 to explore the three dimensional arrangement of young stars in the solar neighbourhood and we provide a new, original view of the spatial configuration of the star-forming regions within 500 pc of the Sun. To do so; we construct three dimensional (3D) density maps for early-type stars (upper-main sequence; UMS) and pre-main sequence (PMS) sources. Both density maps show three prominent structures: Scorpius-Centaurus, Orion, and Vela. The PMS map also shows a plethora of lower-mass star-forming regions, such as Taurus, Perseus, Cepheus, Cassiopeia, and Lacerta, which are less visible in the UMS map due to the lack of large numbers of bright, early-type stars.

We estimate ages for the PMS sample and we study the distribution of PMS stars as a function of their age. We find that younger stars cluster in dense, compact clumps and are surrounded by older sources whose distribution is instead more diffuse. Finally, we conclude that the 3D density maps show no evidence for the existence of the ring-like structure which is usually referred to as the Gould Belt.
The Optical Orbital Light Curve of the Low-mass X-ray Binary V1408 Aquilae (= 4U 1957+115)
Creators: name: Bayless, Amanda J.
name: Robinson, Edward L.
name: Mason, Paul A.
name: Robertson, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: V1408 Aql (= 4U 1957+115) is a low-mass X-ray binary with an orbital period near 9.3 hr, whose compact star is a black hole candidate. The system shows a large-amplitude orbital photometric modulation at optical wavelengths. We have obtained new optical photometry of V1408 Aql from which we derive the orbital light curve and an improved orbital ephemeris. We show that the orbital light curve can be reproduced by a model in which the accretion disk around the compact star is thin, axisymmetric, and uneclipsed. The secondary star is heated by X-rays from the compact star and the accretion disk. The orbital modulation is produced entirely by the changing aspect of the irradiated secondary star with orbital phase. Because the system does not eclipse, the fits of the model light curves are insensitive to the orbital parameters, allowing a wide range of orbital inclinations and mass ratios.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures (3 in color), To appear as ApJ, 730, 43, 2011
The Generalized Plasma Focus Problem and its Application to Space Propulsion
Creators: name: Auluck, S K H
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Space propulsion is unique among many proposed applications of the Dense Plasma Focus in being critically dependent on the availability of a scaling theory that is well-grounded in physics, in conformity with existing experimental knowledge and applicable to experimentally untested configurations. This paper derives such a first-principles-based scaling theory and illustrates its application to a novel space propulsion concept, where the plasma focus sheath is employed as a power density amplifying mechanism to transport electric energy from a capacitive storage to a current-driven fusion load. For this purpose, a Generalized Plasma Focus problem is introduced and formulated. It concerns a finite, axisymmetric plasma, driven through a neutral gas at supersonic speed over distances much larger than its typical gradient scale length by its azimuthal magnetic field while remaining connected with its pulse power source through suitable boundaries. The Gratton-Vargas equation is rederived from the scaling properties of the equations governing plasma dynamics and solved for algebraically defined initial (insulator) and boundary (anode) surfaces. Scaling relations for a new space propulsion concept are derived. This consists of a modified plasma focus with a tapered anode that transports current from a pulsed power source to a consumable portion of the anode in the form of a hypodermic needle tube continuously extruded along the axis of the device. When the tube is filled with deuterium, the device may serve as a small-scale version of magnetized liner inertial fusion (MAGLIF) that could avoid failure of neutron yield scaling in a conventional plasma focus.
description: Accepted for publication in the Physics of Plasmas
Mind the Gap: Supersymmetry Breaking in Scaling, Microstate Geometries
Creators: name: Vasilakis, Orestis
name: Warner, Nicholas P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a multi-species supertube solution to construct an example of a scaling microstate geometry for non-BPS black rings in five dimensions. We obtain the asymptotic charges of the microstate geometry and show how the solution is related to the corresponding non-BPS black ring. The supersymmetry is broken in a very controlled manner using holonomy and this enables a close comparison with a scaling, BPS microstate geometry. Requiring that there are no closed time-like curves near the supertubes places additional restrictions on the moduli space of physical, non-BPS solutions when compared to their BPS analogs. For large holonomy the scaling non-BPS solution always has closed time-like curves while for smaller holonomy there is a "gap" in the non-BPS moduli space relative to the BPS counterpart.
description: 36 pages, 11 figures. Version 2 has minor clarifications in the text
Processing Non-at-Issue Meanings of Conditional Connectives: The wenn/falls Contrast in German
Creators: name: Liu, Mingya
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: conditional connectives
subject: German
subject: experiment
subject: speaker commitment
subject: non-at-issue meaning
subject: 150 Psychologie

description: Logical connectives in natural language pose challenges to truth-conditional semantics due to pragmatics and gradience in their meaning. This paper reports on a case study of the conditional connectives (CCs) wenn/falls ‘if/when, if/in case’ in German. Using distributional evidence, I argue that wenn and falls differ in lexical pragmatics: They express different degrees of speaker commitment (i.e., credence) toward the modified antecedent proposition at the non-at-issue dimension. This contrast can be modeled using the speaker commitment scale (Giannakidou and Mari, 2016), i.e., More committedLess committed. Four experiments are reported which tested the wenn/falls contrast, as well as the summary of an additional one from Liu (2019). Experiment 1 tested the naturalness of sentences containing the CCs (wenn or falls) and conditional antecedents with varying degrees of likelihood (very likely/likely/unlikely). The starting prediction was that falls might be degraded in combination with very likely and likely events in comparison to the other conditions, which was not borne out. Experiment 2 used the forced lexical choice paradigm, testing the choice between wenn and falls in the doxastic agent’s conditional thought, depending on their belief or disbelief in the antecedent. The finding was that subjects chose falls significantly more often than wenn in the disbelief-context, and vice versa in the belief-context. Experiment 3 tested the naturalness of sentences with CCs and an additional relative clause conveying the speaker’s belief or disbelief in the antecedent. An interaction was found: While in the belief-context, wenn was rated more natural than falls, the reverse pattern was found in the disbelief-context. While the results are mixed, the combination of the findings in Experiment 2, Experiment 3 and that of Experiment 4a from Liu (2019) that falls led to lower speaker commitment ratings than wenn, provide evidence for the CC scale. Experiment 4b tested the interaction between two speaker commitment scales, namely, one of connectives (including weil ‘because’ and wenn/falls) and the other of adverbs (factive vs. non-factive, Liu, 2012). While factive and non-factive adverbs were rated equally natural for the factive causal connective, non-factive adverbs were preferred over factive ones by both CCs, with no difference between wenn and falls. This is discussed together with the result in Liu (2019), where the wenn/falls difference occurred in the absence of negative polarity items (NPIs), but disappeared in the presence of NPIs. This raises further questions on how different speaker commitment scales interact and why.
Additional file 1 of Genetic and economic benefits of foreign sire contributions to a domestic sheep industry; including an Ireland-New Zealand case study
Creators: name: Fetherstone, Nicola
name: Hely, Fiona S.
name: Noirín McHugh
name: McGovern, Fiona M.
name: Amer, Peter R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Derivation of Eq. 1: $$G_{{W,~Y = 0}}^{{Rams~born}} = G_{{W,~Y = 0}}^{{ewes}} + ~\Delta G_{{W,~Y \le 0}} ~\left( {\bar{X}_{{W,~Y = 0}}^{{rams}} + 2\cdot\bar{X}_{{W,~Y = 0}}^{{ewes}} } \right).$$ G W , Y = 0 R a m s b o r n = G W , Y = 0 ewes + Δ G W , Y ≤ 0 X ¯ W , Y = 0 rams + 2 · X ¯ W , Y = 0 ewes . The derivation of the equation used to calculate the genetic merit of rams born within a given subpopulation at year 0.
Liver trauma: WSES 2020 guidelines
Creators: name: Coccolini, Federico
name: Coimbra, Raul
name: Ordonez, Carlos
name: Kluger, Yoram
name: Vega, Felipe
name: Moore, Ernest E.
name: Biffl, Walt
name: Peitzman, Andrew
name: Horer, Tal
name: Abu-Zidan, Fikri M.
name: Sartelli, Massimo
name: Fraga, Gustavo P.
name: Cicuttin, Enrico
name: Ansaloni, Luca
name: Parra, Michael W.
name: Millán, Mauricio
name: DeAngelis, Nicola
name: Inaba, Kenji
name: Velmahos, George
name: Maier, Ron
name: Khokha, Vladimir
name: Sakakushev, Boris
name: Augustin, Goran
name: Di Saverio, Salomone
name: Pikoulis, Emanuil
name: Chirica, Mircea
name: Reva, Viktor
name: Leppaniemi, Ari
name: Manchev, Vassil
name: Chiarugi, Massimo
name: Damaskos, Dimitrios
name: Weber, Dieter
name: Parry, Neil
name: Demetrashvili, Zaza
name: Civil, Ian
name: Napolitano, Lena
name: Corbella, Davide
name: Catena, Fausto
name: Bahouth, Hany
name: Tolonen, Matti
name: Fugazzola, Paola
name: Serna, Jose Julian
name: Rodriguez, Fernando
name: García, Alberto F.
name: Gonzalez, Adolfo
name: Pino, Luis Fernando
name: Guzmán-Rodríguez, Mónica
name: Pereira, Bruno M.
name: Kirkpatrick, Andrew
name: Mefire, Alain Chichom
name: Tarasconi, Antonio
name: Chiara, Osvaldo
name: Gomes, Carlos Augusto
name: Galante, Joseph
name: Bala, Miklosh
name: Perfetti, Paola
name: Machado, Fernando
name: Romeo, Oreste
name: Salvetti, Francesco
name: Ghiadoni, Lorenzo
name: Forfori, Francesco
name: Malacarne, Paolo
name: Pini, Silvia
name: Pucciarelli, Marsia
name: Ceresoli, Marco
name: Arvieux, Catherine
name: Khokha, Denis
name: Spain, David A.
name: Isik, Arda
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Review
Liver trauma
Adult
Pediatric
Minor
Moderate
Severe
Classification
Guidelines
Surgery
Hemorrhage
Operative management
Non-operative management
Interventional
Radiology
Intensive care

description: Abstract: Liver injuries represent one of the most frequent life-threatening injuries in trauma patients. In determining the optimal management strategy, the anatomic injury, the hemodynamic status, and the associated injuries should be taken into consideration. Liver trauma approach may require non-operative or operative management with the intent to restore the homeostasis and the normal physiology. The management of liver trauma should be multidisciplinary including trauma surgeons, interventional radiologists, and emergency and ICU physicians. The aim of this paper is to present the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) liver trauma management guidelines.
Dynamo modelling for cycle variability and occurrence of grand minima in Sun-like stars: Rotation rate dependence
Creators: name: Vashishth, Vindya
name: Karak, Bidya Binay
name: Kitchatinov, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Like the solar cycle, stellar activity cycles are also irregular. Observations reveal that rapidly rotating (young) Sun-like stars exhibit a high level of activity with no Maunder-like grand minima and rarely display smooth regular activity cycles. On the other hand, slowly rotating old stars like the Sun have low activity levels and smooth cycles with occasional grand minima. We, for the first time, try to model these observational trends using flux transport dynamo models. Following previous works, we build kinematic dynamo models of one solar mass star with different rotation rates. Differential rotation and meridional circulation are specified with a mean-field hydrodynamic model. We include stochastic fluctuations in the Babcock-Leighton source of the poloidal field to capture the inherent fluctuations in the stellar convection. Based on extensive simulations, we find that rapidly rotating stars produce highly irregular cycles with strong magnetic fields and rarely produce Maunder-like grand minima, whereas the slowly-rotating stars (with a rotation period of 10 days and longer) produce smooth cycles of weaker strength, long-term modulation in the amplitude, and occasional extended grand minima. The average duration and the frequency of grand minima increase with decreasing rotation rate. These results can be understood as the tendency of less supercritical dynamo in slower rotating stars to be more prone to produce extended grand minima
description: Accepted in MNRAS
Enlarged deformation region in neutron-rich Zr isotopes by the second intruder orbit
Creators: name: Horiuchi, W.
name: Inakura, T.
name: Michimasa, S.
name: Tanaka, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear deformations and density profiles of neutron-rich even-even Zr isotopes are investigated using the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method. Large quadrupole and hexadecapole deformations are predicted along with large enhancement of the total reaction cross sections at the neutron number $N=60$-74. Strong nuclear deformation starting at $N=60$ is induced by the occupation of the intruder orbit with the asymptotic quantum number $[nn_zΛ]Ω$ = [550]1/2 originating from the spherical $0h_{11/2}$ orbit. The deformation region is further enlarged from $N=72$ to 74 owing to the occupation of the next intruder orbit with [530]1/2 originating from the spherical $1f_{7/2}$ orbit. This characteristic nuclear deformation is crucially reflected in the systematic behavior of the nuclear radii and the density profiles near the nuclear surface.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. C (Letter)
Analysis of Six Bulge Globular Clusters with Multiple Populations using the HST UV Legacy Survey
Creators: name: Oliveira, R.A.P.
name: Souza, S.O.
name: Kerber, L.O.
name: Barbuy, B.
name: Perez-Villegas, A.
name: Ortolani, S.
name: Piotto, G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The HST UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters (PI: G. Piotto) collected photometric data with UV/blue filters, that are sensitive to variations in CNO abundances. Combined with previous HST optical data, it produces an unprecedented photometric database for GCs. This work presents a study of six bulge GCs, three moderately metal-rich ([Fe/H] ~ -0.5) and three moderately metal-poor ([Fe/H] ~ -1.0). By means of isochrone fitting using a Bayesian approach, we derive self-consistent accurate ages, distances, reddening, and fractions of first-generation stars. We are able to distinguish the multiple stellar populations from the Main Sequence to the Red Giant Branch. Ages are derived for the identified populations, and we investigate whether there occurs any detectable age difference between them.
Non-stationary non-Hermitian "wrong-sign'' quantum oscillators and their meaningful physical interpretation
Creators: name: Znojil, Miloslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum mechanics of closed, unitary quantum systems can be formulated in non-Hermitian interaction picture (NIP) in which both the states and the observables vary with time. Then, in general, not only the Schrödinger-equation generators $G(t)$ but also the Heisenberg-equation generators $Σ(t)$ are phenomenologically irrelevant, with spectra which are, in general, complex. Only the sum $H(t)=G(t)+Σ(t)$ retains the standard physical meaning of instantaneous energy. For illustration, the ``wrong-sign'' quartic oscillators are recalled and reconsidered.
description: 22 pp., 1 figure
Edge pinch instability of oblate liquid metal drops in a transverse AC magnetic field
Creators: name: Priede, Jānis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper considers the stability of liquid metal drops subject to a high-frequency AC magnetic field. An energy variation principle is derived in terms of the surface integral of the scalar magnetic potential. This principle is applied to a thin perfectly conducting liquid disk, which is used to model the drops constrained in a horizontal gap between two parallel insulating plates. Firstly, the stability of a circular disk is analysed with respect to small-amplitude harmonic edge perturbations. Analytical solution shows that the edge deformations with the azimuthal wavenumbers m=2,3,4... start to develop as the magnetic Bond number exceeds the critical threshold Bm_c=3pi(m+1)/2. The most unstable is m=2 mode, which corresponds to an elliptical deformation. Secondly, strongly deformed equilibrium shapes are modelled numerically by minimising the associated energy in combination with the solution of a surface integral equation for the scalar magnetic potential on an unstructured triangular mesh. The edge instability is found to result in the equilibrium shapes of either two- or threefold rotational symmetry depending on the magnetic field strength and the initial perturbation. The shapes of higher rotational symmetries are unstable and fall back to one of these two basic states. The developed method is both efficient and accurate enough for modelling of strongly deformed drop shapes.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures, corrected final revision, to appear in J. Fluid Mech
Topology of Entanglement Evolution of Two Qubits
Creators: name: Zhou, Dong
name: Chern, Gia-Wei
name: Fei, Jianjia
name: Joynt, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of a two-qubit system is considered with the aim of a general categorization of the different ways in which entanglement can disappear in the course of the evolution, e.g., entanglement sudden death. The dynamics is described by the function ~n(t), where ~n is the 15-dimensional polarization vector. This representation is particularly useful because the components of ~n are direct physical observables, there is a meaningful notion of orthogonality, and the concurrence C can be computed for any point in the space. We analyze the topology of the space S of separable states (those having C = 0), and the often lower-dimensional linear dynamical subspace D that is characteristic of a specific physical model. This allows us to give a rigorous characterization of the four possible kinds of entanglement evolution. Which evolution is realized depends on the dimensionality of D and of D \cap S, the position of the asymptotic point of the evolution, and whether or not the evolution is "distance-Markovian", a notion we define. We give several examples to illustrate the general principles, and to give a method to compute critical points. We construct a model that shows all four behaviors.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures, 2 table
Additional file 11 of Promoter activity and transcriptome analyses decipher functions of CgbHLH001 gene (Chenopodium glaucum L.) in response to abiotic stress
Creators: name: Zhou, Zixin
name: Wang, Juan
name: Yu, Qinghui
name: Lan, Haiyan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 11: Table S4. List of DE TFs after salt stress treatment.
Orientifold Planar Equivalence: The Quenched Meson Spectrum
Creators: name: Lucini, Biagio
name: Moraitis, Gregory
name: Patella, Agostino
name: Rago, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A numerical study of Orientifold Planar Equivalence is performed in SU(N) Yang-Mills theories for N=2,3,4,6. Quenched meson masses are extracted in the antisymmetric, symmetric and adjoint representations for the pseudoscalar and vector channels. An extrapolation of the vector mass as a function of the pseudoscalar mass to the large-N limit shows that the numerical results agree within errors for the three theories, as predicted by Orientifold Planar Equivalence. As a byproduct of the extrapolation, the size of the corrections up to O(1/N^3) are evaluated. A crucial prerequisite for the extrapolation is the determination of an analytical relationship between the corrections in the symmetric and in the antisymmetric representations, order by order in a 1/N expansion.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures. Talk given by B. Lucini at the XXVIII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2010), Villasimius, Italy, June 2010
Solutions to two problems on permanents
Creators: name: Brändén, Petter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this note we settle two open problems in the theory of permanents by using recent results from other areas of mathematics. Bapat conjectured that certain quotients of permanents, which generalize symmetric function means, are concave. We prove this conjecture by using concavity properties of hyperbolic polynomials. Motivated by problems on random point processes, Shirai and Takahashi raised the problem: Determine all real numbers $α$ for which the $α$-permanent (or $α$-determinant) is nonnegative for all positive semidefinite matrices. We give a complete solution to this problem by using recent results of Scott and Sokal on completely monotone functions. It turns out that the conjectured answer to the problem is false.
description: 6 pages, to appear in Linear Algebra and its Applications
Unlocking Hidden Spins in Centrosymmetric SnSe2 by Vacancy-Controlled Spin-Orbit Scattering
Creators: name: Lu, Hengzhe
name: Qi, Zhibin
name: Huang, Yuqiang
name: Cheng, Man
name: Sheng, Feng
name: Deng, Zhengkuan
name: Chen, Shi
name: Hua, Chenqiang
name: He, Pimo
name: Lu, Yunhao
name: Zheng, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin current generation and manipulation remain the key challenge of spintronics, in which relativistic spinorbit coupling (SOC) play a ubiquitous role. In this letter, we demonstrate that hidden Rashba spins in the non-magnetic, centrosymmetric lattice of multilayer SnSe2 can be efficiently activated by spin-orbit scattering introduced by Se vacancies. Via vacancy scattering, conduction electrons with hidden spin-momentum locked polarizations acquire out-of-plane magnetization components, which effectively break the chiral symmetry between the two Se sublattices of an SnSe2 monolayer when electron spins start precession in the strong built-in Rashba SOC field. The resulting spin separations are manifested in quantum transport as vacancy concentrationand temperature-dependent crossovers from weak antilocalization (WAL) to weak localization (WL), with the distinctive spin relaxation mechanism of the Dyakonov-Perel type. Our study shows the great potential of twodimensional systems with hidden-spin textures for spintronics.
Instance-level Few-shot Learning with Class Hierarchy Mining
Creators: name: Vu, Anh-Khoa Nguyen
name: Do, Thanh-Toan
name: Nguyen, Nhat-Duy
name: Nguyen, Vinh-Tiep
name: Ngo, Thanh Duc
name: Nguyen, Tam V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Few-shot learning is proposed to tackle the problem of scarce training data in novel classes. However, prior works in instance-level few-shot learning have paid less attention to effectively utilizing the relationship between categories. In this paper, we exploit the hierarchical information to leverage discriminative and relevant features of base classes to effectively classify novel objects. These features are extracted from abundant data of base classes, which could be utilized to reasonably describe classes with scarce data. Specifically, we propose a novel superclass approach that automatically creates a hierarchy considering base and novel classes as fine-grained classes for few-shot instance segmentation (FSIS). Based on the hierarchical information, we design a novel framework called Soft Multiple Superclass (SMS) to extract relevant features or characteristics of classes in the same superclass. A new class assigned to the superclass is easier to classify by leveraging these relevant features. Besides, in order to effectively train the hierarchy-based-detector in FSIS, we apply the label refinement to further describe the associations between fine-grained classes. The extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on FSIS benchmarks. Code is available online.
description: accepted by IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Additional file 1 of Optogenetic inhibition of medial entorhinal cortex inputs to the hippocampus during a short period of time right after learning disrupts contextual fear memory formation
Creators: name: Kang, Min Soo
name: Han, Jin-Hee
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Histological verification of optic fiber position in hippocampus. Fig. S2. Microscopic images of retrogradely-labeled MEC input to hippocampus.
Controlling waviness of the quasi-network flow model in road design
Creators: name: Iannantuono, Alexander Francis
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Roads continue to be an important part of global infrastructure. Mathematical models have been used to solve the vertical alignment problem in road design. In particular, the Quasi-Network Flow (QNF) model is formulated as an optimization problem, and yields a vertical alignment of least cost. However, the resulting road profiles often show signs of excessive ‘waviness’ that are unideal from a driving perspective. In this work, we propose the use of L¹ and Total Variation (TV) regularization within the QNF model as a means of providing control over such waviness. With a dataset of nineteen roads, we present a heuristic for choosing regularization parameters, and determine an appropriate choice for its use. Further, we show that regularization reduces waviness on three case studies of real roads, provided by our industrial partner. Moreover, we provide some timing results to empirically show that the regularized models take at most 40% longer to run than the original model.
The Stellar Spectra Factory (SSF) Based On SLAM
Creators: name: Ji, Wei
name: Liu, Chao
name: Zhang, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we present Stellar Spectra Factory (SSF), a tool to generate empirical-based stellar spectra from arbitrary stellar atmospheric parameters. The relative flux-calibrated empirical spectra can be predicted by SSF given arbitrary effective temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity. SSF constructs the interpolation approach based on the SLAM, using ATLAS-A library as the training dataset. SSF is composed of 4 data-driven sub-models to predict empirical stellar spectra. SSF-N can generate spectra from A to K type and some M giant stars, covering 3700 < Teff < 8700 K, 0 < logg < 6 dex, and -1.5 < [M/H] < 0.5 dex. SSF-gM is mainly used to predict M giant spectra with 3520 < Teff < 4000K and -1.5 < [M/H] < 0.4 dex. SSF-dM is for generating M dwarf spectra with 3295 < Teff < 4040K, -1.0 < [M/H] < 0.1 dex. And SSF-B can predict B-type spectra with 9000 < Teff < 24000K and -5.2< MG < 1.5 mag. The accuracy of the predicted spectra is validated by comparing the flux of predicted spectra to those with same stellar parameters selected from the known spectral libraries, MILES and MaStar. The averaged difference of flux over optical wavelength between the predicted spectra and the corresponding ones in MILES and MaStar is less than 5%. More verification is conducted between the magnitudes calculated from the integration of the predicted spectra and the observations in PS1 and APASS bands with the same stellar parameters. No significant systematic difference is found between the predicted spectra and the photomatric observations. The uncertainty is 0.08mag in r band for SSF-gM when comparing with the stars with the same stellar parameters selected from PS1. And the uncertainty becomes 0.31mag in i band for SSF-dM when comparing with the stars with the same stellar parameters selected from APASS.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures
Toward Auto-evaluation with Confidence-based Category Relation-aware Regression
Creators: name: Wang, Jiexin
name: Chen, Jiahao
name: Su, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Auto-evaluation aims to automatically evaluate a trained model on any test dataset without human annotations. Most existing methods utilize global statistics of features extracted by the model as the representation of a dataset. This ignores the influence of the classification head and loses category-wise confusion information of the model. However, ratios of instances assigned to different categories together with their confidence scores reflect how many instances in which categories are difficult for the model to classify, which contain significant indicators for both overall and category-wise performances. In this paper, we propose a Confidence-based Category Relation-aware Regression ($C^2R^2$) method. $C^2R^2$ divides all instances in a meta-set into different categories according to their confidence scores and extracts the global representation from them. For each category, $C^2R^2$ encodes its local confusion relations to other categories into a local representation. The overall and category-wise performances are regressed from global and local representations, respectively. Extensive experiments show the effectiveness of our method.
First-principles study of heat transport properties of graphene nanoribbons
Creators: name: Tan, Zhen Wah
name: Wang, Jian-Sheng
name: Gan, Chee Kwan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We combine density-functional theory and the nonequilibrium Green's function method to study the thermal conductance of graphene nanoribbons with armchair and zigzag edges. Zigzag ribbons have higher thermal conductance than armchair ribbons of comparable widths due to an anisotropy in phonon dispersion for graphene nanoribbons: low-frequency bands in zigzag ribbons are more dispersive than those in armchair ribbons. The edges with and without hydrogen-passivation modify the atomic structure and ultimately influence the phonon thermal transport differently for the two ribbon types.
description: Published in Nano Letters
Characterization of a Superconducting Microstrip Single-Photon Detector Shunted with an External Resistor
Creators: name: Wang, Yu-Ze
name: Zhang, Wei-Jun
name: Xu, Guang-Zhao
name: Xiong, Jia-Min
name: Fan, Dong-Hui
name: Chen, Zhi-Gang
name: Zhang, Xing-Yu
name: Wang, Zhen
name: You, Li-Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A superconducting microstrip single-photon detector (SMSPD) generally requires a shunt resistor to avoid latching, caused by its high current-carrying capacity and low kinetic inductance. Here, the effect of the shunt resistor on the behaviors of microbridge SMSPDs was investigated. We analyzed the change in equivalent switching current at different shunt resistances in two ways and determined the operating current range using intrinsic dark count rate (iDCR) curves. We observed that the reduction in shunt resistance can increase the operating current range, which helps to improve the internal detection efficiency (IDE) and reduce the iDCR. However, the reduction in the shunt resistance can reduce the pulse amplitude and increase the pulse decay time, which can degrade the timing jitter and count rate performance of the SMSPD. The trends of the experimental results can be qualitatively reproduced using a circuit model for an SMSPD with a shunt resistor, which provides useful information for the selection of shunt resistors. Furthermore, we report the improved detection performance of a helium-ion-irradiated SMSPD shunted with a small resistance of 5.2 Ω. We observed a weak IDE saturation with a bias current at a wavelength up to 2000 nm and a nonlinear relation between detection current and photon energy.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
title: ÐÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð²ÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾Ð¸Ð½ÑÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ»ÑÑÑÐ°Ð·Ð²ÑÐºÐ° Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¼Ð¸Ð¾ÐºÐ°ÑÐ´Ð¸Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐµÐ²Ð°ÑÐºÑÐ»ÑÑÐ¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¼Ð¸Ð¾ÐºÐ°ÑÐ´Ð°
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: The use of high intensity ultrasound for transmyocardial myocardium revascularization
Creators: name: Ð¤ÑÑÐ°ÐµÐ²Ð°, ÐÐ°ÑÑÑ
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2021
Subjects: Ð£Ð»ÑÑÑÐ°Ð·Ð²ÑÐº
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description: Ð Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½ Ð°Ð»ÑÑÐµÑÐ½Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÐ¹ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´ Ð²Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð°Ð±Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¸Ð¾ÐºÐ°ÑÐ´Ð°, Ð² Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ðµ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð»ÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð²ÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾Ð¸Ð½ÑÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ¾ÐºÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ»ÑÑÑÐ°Ð·Ð²ÑÐºÐ°. Ð Ð°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ñ Ð¼ÑÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐºÐ°Ð½Ð¸. ÐÐ¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð° Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°ÑÑÐµÐ¹ Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÐ¹ÑÑ Ð¾Ñ ÑÐºÐ°Ð½ÐµÐ¹ Ð² Ð¾ÑÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÐ¼Ðµ ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð³ÐµÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÐµÐ¹ Ð¸ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¸.
description: The subject of this paper is a an alternative restoring blood supply to the myocardium method based on the use of high intensity focused ultrasound. Different modes of action on different types of muscle tissue are reviewed. The possibility of forming areas with a structure different from tissues in the rest of the volume with the required geometry and dimensions is shown.
Survival and dynamics of rings of co-orbital planets under perturbations
Creators: name: Raymond, Sean N.
name: Veras, Dimitri
name: Clement, Matthew S.
name: Izidoro, Andre
name: Kipping, David
name: Meadows, Victoria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In co-orbital planetary systems, two or more planets share the same orbit around their star. Here we test the dynamical stability of co-orbital rings of planets perturbed by outside forces. We test two setups: i) 'stationary' rings of planets that, when unperturbed, remain equally-spaced along their orbit; and ii) horseshoe constellation systems, in which planets are continually undergoing horseshoe librations with their immediate neighbors. We show that a single rogue planet crossing the planets' orbit more massive than a few lunar masses (0.01-0.04 Earth masses) systematically disrupts a co-orbital ring of 6, 9, 18, or 42 Earth-mass planets located at 1 au. Stationary rings are more resistant to perturbations than horseshoe constellations, yet when perturbed they can transform into stable horseshoe constellation systems. Given sufficient time, any co-orbital ring system will be perturbed into either becoming a horseshoe constellation or complete destabilization.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Re-submitted to MNRAS. Blog post about co-orbital constellations here: https://planetplanet.net/2023/04/20/constellations-of-co-orbital-planets/
The Topology and Size of the Universe from the Cosmic Microwave Background
Creators: name: Aslanyan, Grigor
name: Manohar, Aneesh V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility that the universe has compact topologies T^3, T^2 x R^1, or S^1 x R^2 using the seven-year WMAP data. The maximum likelihood 95% confidence intervals for the size L of the compact direction are 1.7 < L/L_0 < 2.1, 1.8 < L/L_0 < 2.0, 1.2 < L/L_0 < 2.1 for the three cases, respectively, where L_0=14.4 Gpc is the distance to the last scattering surface. An infinite universe is compatible with the data at 4.3 sigma. We find using a Bayesian analysis that the most probable universe has topology T^2 x R^1, with L/L_0=1.9.
description: Additional checks, Monte-Carlo skies, and study of dipole contamination added. References added. 13 pages, 11 figures
Electrostatics and aggregation: how charge can turn a crystal into a gel
Creators: name: Schmit, Jeremy
name: Whitelam, Stephen
name: Dill, Ken
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The crystallization of proteins or colloids is often hindered by the appearance of aggregates of low fractal dimension called gels. Here we study the effect of electrostatics upon crystal and gel formation using an analytic model of hard spheres bearing point charges and short range attractive interactions. We find that the chief electrostatic free energy cost of forming assemblies comes from the entropic loss of counterions that render assemblies charge-neutral. Because there exists more accessible volume for these counterions around an open gel than a dense crystal, there exists an electrostatic entropic driving force favoring the gel over the crystal. This driving force increases with increasing sphere charge, but can be counteracted by increasing counterion concentration. We show that these effects cannot be fully captured by pairwise-additive macroion interactions of the kind often used in simulations, and we show where on the phase diagram to go in order to suppress gel formation.
Master's thesis recital (clarinet)
Creators: name: Schultz, Miranda
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2019
Subjects: Sonatas (Clarinet and piano)
Woodwind trios (Bassoon, clarinet, oboe)

description: Sonata for clarinet and piano / Francis Poulenc -- Trio suite for oboe, clarinet, and bassoon. III., Sarabande / Nöel-Gallon --Sonata for clarinet and piano, op. 120 no. 1 in F minor / Johannes Brahms -- Fantasy on themes from La Sonnambula / Domenico Mirco.
Additional file 1 of Increased development of radiographic hip osteoarthritis in individuals with high bone mass: a prospective cohort study
Creators: name: Hartley, April
name: Hardcastle, Sarah A.
name: Frysz, Monika
name: Parkinson, Jon
name: Paternoster, Lavinia
name: McCloskey, Eugene
name: Poole, Kenneth E. S.
name: Javaid, Muhammad K.
name: Aye, Mo
name: Moss, Katie
name: Williams, Martin
name: Tobias, Jon H.
name: Gregson, Celia L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Baseline characteristics for those with and without follow-up data, Supplementary Figure 1. associations between HBM and incident OA and incident and progressive OA sub-phenotypes in person-level analyses.
Early-time spectroscopic modelling of the transitional Type Ia Supernova 2021rhu with TARDIS
Creators: name: Harvey, Luke
name: Maguire, Kate
name: Magee, Mark R.
name: Bulla, Mattia
name: Dhawan, Suhail
name: Schulze, Steve
name: Sollerman, Jesper
name: Deckers, Maxime
name: Dimitriadis, Georgios
name: Reusch, Simeon
name: Smith, Mathew
name: Terwel, Jacco
name: Coughlin, Michael W.
name: Masci, Frank
name: Purdum, Josiah
name: Reedy, Alexander
name: Robert, Estelle
name: Wold, Avery
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An open question in SN Ia research is where the boundary lies between 'normal' Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that are used in cosmological measurements and those that sit off the Phillips relation. We present the spectroscopic modelling of one such '86G-like' transitional SN Ia, SN 2021rhu, that has recently been employed as a local Hubble Constant calibrator using a tip of the red-giant branch measurement. We detail its modelling from -12 d until maximum brightness using the radiative-transfer spectral-synthesis code tardis. We base our modelling on literature delayed-detonation and deflagration models of Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs, as well as the double-detonation models of sub-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs. We present a new method for 'projecting' abundance profiles to different density profiles for ease of computation. Due to the small velocity extent and low outer densities of the W7 profile, we find it inadequate to reproduce the evolution of SN 2021rhu as it fails to match the high-velocity calcium components. The host extinction of SN 2021rhu is uncertain but we use modelling with and without an extinction correction to set lower and upper limits on the abundances of individual species. Comparing these limits to literature models we conclude that the spectral evolution of SN 2021rhu is also incompatible with double-detonation scenarios, lying more in line with those resulting from the delayed detonation mechanism (although there are some discrepancies, in particular a larger titanium abundance in SN 2021rhu compared to the literature). This suggests that SN 2021rhu is likely a lower luminosity, and hence lower temperature, version of a normal SN Ia.
description: 25 pages, 22 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Reconstructing f(R) modified gravity from ordinary and entropy-corrected versions of the holographic and new agegraphic dark energy models
Creators: name: Karami, K.
name: Khaledian, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here, we peruse cosmological usage of the most promising candidates of dark energy in the framework of f(R) theory. We reconstruct the different f(R) modified gravity models in the spatially flat FRW universe according to the ordinary and entropy-corrected versions of the holographic and new agegraphic dark energy models, which describe accelerated expansion of the universe. We also obtain the equation of state parameter of the corresponding f(R)-gravity models. We conclude that the holographic and new agegraphic f(R)-gravity models can behave like phantom or quintessence models. Whereas the equation of state parameter of the entropy-corrected models can transit from quintessence state to phantom regime as indicated by recent observations.
description: 17 pages, accepted for publication in JHEP
Heliknoton in a film of cubic chiral magnet
Creators: name: Kuchkin, Vladyslav M.
name: Kiselev, Nikolai S.
name: Rybakov, Filipp N.
name: Lobanov, Igor S.
name: Blügel, Stefan
name: Uzdin, Valery M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cubic chiral magnets exhibit a remarkable diversity of two-dimensional topological magnetic textures, including skyrmions. However, the experimental confirmation of topological states localized in all three spatial dimensions remains challenging. In this paper, we investigate a three-dimensional topological state called a heliknoton, which is a hopfion embedded into a helix or conic background. We explore the range of parameters at which the heliknoton can be stabilized under realistic conditions using micromagnetic modeling, harmonic transition state theory, and stochastic spin dynamics simulations. We present theoretical Lorentz TEM images of the heliknoton, which can be used for experimental comparison. Additionally, we discuss the stability of the heliknoton at finite temperatures and the mechanism of its collapse. Our study offers a pathway for future experimental investigations of three-dimensional topological solitons in magnetic crystals.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures