cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Biases in prime factorizations and Liouville functions for arithmetic progressions
Creators: name: Humphries, Peter
name: Shekatkar, Snehal M.
name: Wong, Tian An
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11A51, 11N13, 11N37, 11F66

description: We introduce a refinement of the classical Liouville function to primes in arithmetic progressions. Using this, we discover new biases in the appearances of primes in a given arithmetic progression in the prime factorizations of integers. For example, we observe that the primes of the form $4k+1$ tend to appear an even number of times in the prime factorization of a given integer, more so than for primes of the form $4k+3$. We are led to consider variants of Pólya's conjecture, supported by extensive numerical evidence, and its relation to other conjectures.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures
Sparse Bounds for Bochner-Riesz Multipliers
Creators: name: Lacey, Michael T.
name: Mena, Darío
name: Reguera, Maria Carmen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Bochner-Riesz multipliers $ B_{δ}$ on $ \mathbb R ^{n}$ are shown to satisfy a range of sparse bounds, for all $0< δ< \frac {n-1}2 $. The range of sparse bounds increases to the optimal range, as $ δ$ increases to the critical value, $ δ=\frac {n-1}2$, even assuming only partial information on the Bochner-Riesz conjecture in dimensions $ n \geq 3$. In dimension $n=2$, we prove a sharp range of sparse bounds. The method of proof is based upon a `single scale' analysis, and yields the sharpest known weighted estimates for the Bochner-Riesz multipliers in the category of Muckenhoupt weights.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
Cofree coalgebras and differential linear logic
Creators: name: Clift, James
name: Murfet, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We prove that the semantics of intuitionistic linear logic in vector spaces which uses cofree coalgebras is also a model of differential linear logic, and that the Cartesian closed category of cofree coalgebras is a model of the simply-typed differential lambda calculus.
description: New introduction to the cofree coalgebra and relevant geometric intuition, and a discussion of the differential lambda calculus
Faster Algorithms for Growing Prioritized Disks and Rectangles
Creators: name: Ahn, Hee-Kap
name: Bae, Sang Won
name: Choi, Jongmin
name: Korman, Matias
name: Mulzer, Wolfgang
name: Oh, Eunjin
name: Park, Ji-won
name: van Renssen, André
name: Vigneron, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motivated by map labeling, Funke, Krumpe, and Storandt [IWOCA 2016] introduced the following problem: we are given a sequence of $n$ disks in the plane. Initially, all disks have radius $0$, and they grow at constant, but possibly different, speeds. Whenever two disks touch, the one with the higher index disappears. The goal is to determine the elimination order, i.e., the order in which the disks disappear. We provide the first general subquadratic algorithm for this problem. Our solution extends to other shapes (e.g., rectangles), and it works in any fixed dimension. We also describe an alternative algorithm that is based on quadtrees. Its running time is $O\big(n \big(\log n + \min \{ \log Δ, \log Φ\}\big)\big)$, where $Δ$ is the ratio of the fastest and the slowest growth rate and $Φ$ is the ratio of the largest and the smallest distance between two disk centers. This improves the running times of previous algorithms by Funke, Krumpe, and Storandt [IWOCA 2016], Bahrdt et al. [ALENEX 2017], and Funke and Storandt [EuroCG 2017]. Finally, we give an $Ω(n\log n)$ lower bound, showing that our quadtree algorithms are almost tight.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures; a preliminary version appeared at ISAAC 2017
Frequency and amplitude dependent population dynamics during cycles of feast and famine
Creators: name: Merritt, Jason
name: Kuehn, Seppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 92D25

description: In nature microbial populations are subject to fluctuating nutrient levels. Nutrient fluctuations are important for evolutionary and ecological dynamics in microbial communities since they impact growth rates, population sizes and biofilm formation. Here we use automated continuous-culture devices and high-throughput imaging to show that when populations of Escherichia coli are subjected to cycles of nutrient excess (feasts) and scarcity (famine) their abundance dynamics during famines depend on the frequency and amplitude of feasts. We show that frequency and amplitude dependent dynamics in planktonic populations arise from nutrient and history dependent rates of aggregation and dispersal. A phenomenological model recapitulates our experimental observations. Our results show that the statistical properties of environmental fluctuations have substantial impacts on spatial structure in bacterial populations driving large changes in abundance dynamics.
description: New sets of experiments; substantially revised model. Supplemental Material included in ancillary files
Anion Exchange Membranes derived from Phosphonium and Ammonium-Functionalized Polynorbornenes
Creators: name: Gaitor, Jamie
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Synthesis of Materials

description: Efforts to develop stable, high-performance anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for alkaline electrochemical conversion devices have increased significantly over the past decade. An AEM is comprised of a polymer backbone that provides structural reinforcement and cationic moieties tethered to/within the main-chain to facilitate ion conductivity. Judicious selection of the cation and polymer is critical toward developing membranes with good hydroxide transport, long-term chemical stability, and mechanical durability. Several classes of organic and main-group cations have been evaluated with the goal of understanding how the positively charged atom and its substituents influence alkaline stability and contribute to the balance of ionic conductivity, water flux, and swelling in the AEM. The polymer backbone is also inherently related to these properties, and precise tailoring of macromolecular composition and segmental mobility are identified as some of the key rational design principles for iterative improvement. Systematic control over cation/polymer combinations would help determine how each component impacts the overall characteristics of the membrane and enable the development of the next generation of improved materials. This dissertation discloses our effort to understand how AEM performance and physical properties are governed by structural features of polyolefin backbones bearing quaternary ammonium or tetraaminophosphonium cations.
Evidence that the Directly-Imaged Planet HD 131399 Ab is a Background Star
Creators: name: Nielsen, Eric L.
name: De Rosa, Robert J.
name: Rameau, Julien
name: Wang, Jason J.
name: Esposito, Thomas M.
name: Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A.
name: Marois, Christian
name: Vigan, Arthur
name: Ammons, S. Mark
name: Artigau, Etienne
name: Bailey, Vanessa P.
name: Blunt, Sarah
name: Bulger, Joanna
name: Chilcote, Jeffrey
name: Cotten, Tara
name: Doyon, René
name: Duchêne, Gaspard
name: Fabrycky, Daniel
name: Fitzgerald, Michael P.
name: Follette, Katherine B.
name: Gerard, Benjamin L.
name: Goodsell, Stephen J.
name: Graham, James R.
name: Greenbaum, Alexandra Z.
name: Hibon, Pascale
name: Hinkley, Sasha
name: Hung, Li-Wei
name: Ingraham, Patrick
name: Jensen-Clem, Rebecca
name: Kalas, Paul
name: Konopacky, Quinn
name: Larkin, James E.
name: Macintosh, Bruce
name: Maire, Jerome
name: Marchis, Franck
name: Metchev, Stanimir
name: Morzinski, Katie M.
name: Murray-Clay, Ruth A.
name: Oppenheimer, Rebecca
name: Palmer, David
name: Patience, Jennifer
name: Perrin, Marshall
name: Poyneer, Lisa
name: Pueyo, Laurent
name: Rafikov, Roman R.
name: Rajan, Abhijith
name: Rantakyrö, Fredrik T.
name: Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste
name: Savransky, Dmitry
name: Schneider, Adam C.
name: Sivaramakrishnan, Anand
name: Song, Inseok
name: Soummer, Remi
name: Thomas, Sandrine
name: Wallace, J. Kent
name: Ward-Duong, Kimberly
name: Wiktorowicz, Sloane
name: Wolff, Schuyler
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present evidence that the recently discovered, directly-imaged planet HD 131399 Ab is a background star with non-zero proper motion. From new JHK1L' photometry and spectroscopy obtained with the Gemini Planet Imager, VLT/SPHERE, and Keck/NIRC2, and a reanalysis of the discovery data obtained with VLT/SPHERE, we derive colors, spectra, and astrometry for HD 131399 Ab. The broader wavelength coverage and higher data quality allow us to re-investigate its status. Its near-infrared spectral energy distribution excludes spectral types later than L0 and is consistent with a K or M dwarf, which are the most likely candidates for a background object in this direction at the apparent magnitude observed. If it were a physically associated object, the projected velocity of HD 131399 Ab would exceed escape velocity given the mass and distance to HD 131399 A. We show that HD 131399 Ab is also not following the expected track for a stationary background star at infinite distance. Solving for the proper motion and parallax required to explain the relative motion of HD 131399 Ab, we find a proper motion of 12.3 mas/yr. When compared to predicted background objects drawn from a galactic model, we find this proper motion to be high, but consistent with the top 4% fastest-moving background stars. From our analysis we conclude that HD 131399 Ab is a background K or M dwarf.
description: 35 pages, 20 figures, Published in AJ
Simple Methods for Estimating Confidence Levels, or Tentative Probabilities, for Hypotheses Instead of P Values
Creators: name: Wood, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In many fields of research null hypothesis significance tests and p values are the accepted way of assessing the degree of certainty with which research results can be extrapolated beyond the sample studied. However, there are very serious concerns about the suitability of p values for this purpose. An alternative approach is to cite confidence intervals for a statistic of interest, but this does not directly tell readers how certain a hypothesis is. Here, I suggest how the framework used for confidence intervals could easily be extended to derive confidence levels, or "tentative probabilities", for hypotheses. I also outline four quick methods for estimating these. This allows researchers to state their confidence in a hypothesis as a direct probability, instead of circuitously by p values referring to an unstated, hypothetical null hypothesis. The inevitable difficulties of statistical inference mean that these probabilities can only be tentative, but probabilities are the natural way to express uncertainties, so, arguably, researchers using statistical methods have an obligation to estimate how probable their hypotheses are by the best available method. Otherwise misinterpretations will fill the void. Key words: Confidence, Null hypothesis significance test, p value, Statistical inference
description: Published in Methodological Innovations, 2019, 1-9. 2 figures, 2 tables, 3 linked spreadsheets which are also at https://soths.wordpress.com/statistics-links/
Lattice Homotopy Constraints on Phases of Quantum Magnets
Creators: name: Po, Hoi Chun
name: Watanabe, Haruki
name: Jian, Chao-Ming
name: Zaletel, Michael P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) theorem and its extensions forbid trivial phases from arising in certain quantum magnets. Constraining infrared behavior with the ultraviolet data encoded in the microscopic lattice of spins, these theorems tie the absence of spontaneous symmetry breaking to the emergence of exotic phases like quantum spin liquids. In this work, we take a new topological perspective on these theorems, by arguing they originate from an obstruction to "trivializing" the lattice under smooth, symmetric deformations, which we call the "lattice homotopy problem." We conjecture that all LSM-like theorems for quantum magnets (many previously-unknown) can be understood from lattice homotopy, which automatically incorporates the full spatial symmetry group of the lattice, including all its point-group symmetries. One consequence is that any spin-symmetric magnet with a half-integer moment on a site with even-order rotational symmetry must be a spin liquid. To substantiate the claim, we prove the conjecture in two dimensions for some physically relevant settings.
description: (6+12) pages; (2+2) figures; (1+2) tables; v2: close to published version
Lepton flavor non-universality in the B-sector: a global analyses of various new physics models
Creators: name: Alok, Ashutosh Kumar
name: Kumar, Jacky
name: Kumar, Dinesh
name: Sharma, Ruchi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measurements of the ratios $R_{K^{(*)}}$ along with $R_{D^{(*)}}$ hint towards lepton flavor non universality which is in disagreement with the standard model. In this work, we reanalyze the four new physics models, which are widely studied in the literature as a candidates for the simultaneous explanations of these measurements. These are, standard model like vector boson (VB), $SU(2)_L$-singlet vector leptoquark ($U_1$), $SU(2)_L$-triplet scalar leptoquark ($S_3$) and $SU(2)_L$ triplet vector leptoquark ($U_3$) models. We assume a coupling only to the third generation in the weak basis, so that the $b \to s μ^+ μ^-$ transition is generated only via mixing effects. Preforming a global fit to all relevant data, we show that the vector boson model violates the current upper bound on ${Br}(τ\to 3μ)$ and hence is inconsistent with the present data. Further, we show that within this framework, the $U_1$ leptoquark model cannot simultaneously accommodate $R_{K^{(*)}}$ and $R_{D^{(*)}}$ measurements. We emphasize that this conclusion is independent of the additional constraints coming from renormaliztion group running effects and high-$p_T$ searches. In addition, we show that the $S_3$ and $U_3$ models are highly disfavored by the constraints coming from $b\to s ν\bar ν$ data. Finally, we find a that hypothesis of two LQ particles is also challenged by $b\to s \bar νν$ data.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure; Accepted for publication in European Physical Journal C
Symmetric Fermion Mass Generation as Deconfined Quantum Criticality
Creators: name: You, Yi-Zhuang
name: He, Yin-Chen
name: Xu, Cenke
name: Vishwanath, Ashvin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massless 2+1D Dirac fermions arise in a variety of systems from graphene to the surfaces of topological insulators, where generating a mass is typically associated with breaking a symmetry. However, with strong interactions, a symmetric gapped phase can arise for multiples of eight Dirac fermions. A continuous quantum phase transition from the massless Dirac phase to this massive phase, which we term Symmetric Mass Generation (SMG), is necessarily beyond the Landau paradigm and is hard to describe even at the conceptual level. Nevertheless, such transition has been consistently observed in several numerical studies recently. Here, we propose a theory for the SMG transition which is reminiscent of deconfined criticality and involves emergent non-Abelian gauge fields coupled both to Dirac fermions and to critical Higgs bosons. We motivate the theory using an explicit parton construction and discuss predictions for numerics. Additionally, we show that the fermion Green's function is expected to undergo a zero to pole transition across the critical point.
description: 12 papers, 4 figures, 3 appendices
Anomalous dynamical phase in quantum spin chains with long-range interactions
Creators: name: Homrighausen, Ingo
name: Abeling, Nils O.
name: Zauner-Stauber, Valentin
name: Halimeh, Jad C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence or absence of non-analytic cusps in the Loschmidt-echo return rate is traditionally employed to distinguish between a regular dynamical phase (regular cusps) and a trivial phase (no cusps) in quantum spin chains after a global quench. However, numerical evidence in a recent study [J. C. Halimeh and V. Zauner-Stauber, arXiv:1610.02019] suggests that instead of the trivial phase a distinct anomalous dynamical phase characterized by a novel type of non-analytic cusps occurs in the one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model when interactions are sufficiently long-range. Using an analytic semiclassical approach and exact diagonalization, we show that this anomalous phase also arises in the fully-connected case of infinite-range interactions, and we discuss its defining signature. Our results show that the transition from the regular to the anomalous dynamical phase coincides with Z2-symmetry breaking in the infinite-time limit, thereby showing a connection between two different concepts of dynamical criticality. Our work further expands the dynamical phase diagram of long-range interacting quantum spin chains, and can be tested experimentally in ion-trap setups and ultracold atoms in optical cavities, where interactions are inherently long-range.
description: journal article, 8 pages, 7 figures
Gaussian entanglement revisited
Creators: name: Lami, Ludovico
name: Serafini, Alessio
name: Adesso, Gerardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel approach to the separability problem for Gaussian quantum states of bosonic continuous variable systems. We derive a simplified necessary and sufficient separability criterion for arbitrary Gaussian states of $m$ vs $n$ modes, which relies on convex optimisation over marginal covariance matrices on one subsystem only. We further revisit the currently known results stating the equivalence between separability and positive partial transposition (PPT) for specific classes of Gaussian states. Using matrix analysis techniques such as Schur complements and matrix means, we provide a unified treatment and compact proofs of all these results. In particular, we recover the PPT-separability equivalence for: (i) Gaussian states of $1$ vs $n$ modes; and (ii) isotropic Gaussian states. In passing, we also retrieve (iii) the recently established equivalence between separability of a Gaussian state and and its complete Gaussian extendability. Our techniques are then applied to progress beyond the state of the art. We show that: (iv) Gaussian states that are invariant under partial transposition are necessarily separable; (v) the PPT criterion is necessary and sufficient for separability for Gaussian states of $m$ vs $n$ modes that are symmetric under the exchange of any two modes belonging to one of the parties; and (vi) Gaussian states which remain PPT under passive optical operations can not be entangled by them either. This is not a foregone conclusion per se (since Gaussian bound entangled states do exist) and settles a question that had been left unanswered in the existing literature on the subject. This paper, enjoyable by both the quantum optics and the matrix analysis communities, overall delivers technical and conceptual advances which are likely to be useful for further applications in continuous variable quantum information theory, beyond the separability problem.
description: v3: minor changes; close to published version; v2: 17 pages, 1 figure. Novel results reported in the newly added Sections 5 and 8. Exposition improved, missing citations added, and typo in the title corrected
Cooperativity of Redox-active Ligand and Cu: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of Mononuclear Cu Complexes
Creators: name: Wu, Tong
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Bioinorganic Chemistry

description: Cu plays a key role in many natural processes. The ability of Cu to switch between two oxidation states (CuI and CuII) is utilized in nature to perform organic transformation. Some Cudependent metalloenzymes use redox-active (non-innocent) ligands as cofactors in the active sites for multi-electron reactions. For instance, galactose oxidase carries out aerobic alcohol oxidation to aldehyde using tyrosine radical cofactor. The utilization of redox-active ligands provides the additional electrons that exceed the inherent one-electron redox process of bioavailable CuI /CuII states. Bound by redox-active ligands, Cu complexes can undergo multiply oxidation states and show richer reactivity. On one hand, inspired by the active site of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), we have prepared a family of Cu complexes bearing tridentate redox-active ligands, including Cu-OH complexes with 3 oxidation states. The effect of anion and ligand arms on the structure of these mononuclear complexes has been analyzed by X-ray crystallography. The different oxidations states of these complexes have been characterized by CV, UV-vis, EPR and XAS. The hydrogen atom transfer reactivity and thermochemistry of the ‘high-oxidation-state’ species was also studied. On the other hand, Cu complexes bearing bidentate redox-active ligands have been prepared and characterized by XRD, NMR, CV UV-vis and EPR. The ‘high-valent’ complex can abstract 4 H atoms and be regenerated using oxygen, acting as electron-coupled-proton buffer (ECPB) to perform coupled/decoupled oxidation of organic substrate. Thermochemistry and reactivity of the Cu-based ECPB have been studied in detail. Meanwhile, ligand variation of these Cu-based ECPB were applied to tuning their thermochemistry.
Valley Edelstein Effect in Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Taguchi, Katsuhisa
name: Zhou, Benjamin T.
name: Kawaguchi, Yuki
name: Tanaka, Yukio
name: Law, K. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we predict the emergence of the valley Edelstein Effect (VEE), which is an electric-field-induced spin polarization effect, in gated monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (MTMDs). We found an unconventional valley-dependent response in which the spin-polarization is parallel to the applied electric field with opposite spin-polarization generated by opposite valleys. This is in sharp contrast to the conventional Edelstein effect in which the induced spin-polarization is perpendicular to the applied electric field. We identify the origin of VEE as combined effects of conventional Edelstein effect and valley-dependent Berry curvatures induced by coexisting Rashba and Ising SOCs in gated MTMDs. Experimental schemes to detect the VEE are also considered.
description: 5+7 pages, 5+4 figures ; v3 a detection way of the VEE added
1 Brief an [Johann Caspar Lavater]
Brief an Lavater ...
Creators: name: Praetorius, C. H.
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1787

description: von C.H. Praetorius
description: Praetorius: bis ins 30ste Jahr Pfarrer bei der verfolgten Kirche zu Wilberg in Polen, seit einigen Jahren "Exul et aegrotus"
BMN Vacua, Superstars and Non-Abelian T-duality
Creators: name: Lozano, Yolanda
name: Nunez, Carlos
name: Zacarias, Salomon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Acting with non-Abelian T-duality on the $S^3$ inside the $AdS_5$ subspace of $AdS_5\times S^5$ with $N$ units of flux, we generate a new half-BPS solution with $SU(2|4)$ symmetry that belongs to the Lin-Lunin-Maldacena class of geometries. The analysis of the asymptotics, quantised charges and probe branes in this geometry suggests an interpretation as the gravity dual to the Berenstein-Maldacena-Nastase Plane Wave Matrix Model, in a particular vacuum associated to a partition of $N$, in which the multiplicity of each $SU(2)$ irreducible representation is equal to its dimension. This vacuum is interpreted in M-theory in terms of giant gravitons backreacting in the maximally supersymmetric pp-wave geometry. Consistently with this, we show that the non-Abelian T-dual solution exactly agrees with the Penrose limit of the superstar solution in $AdS_7\times S^4$. This suggests an interesting global completion of the non-Abelian T-dual solution in terms of an M5-brane geometry.
description: 28 pages, discussion in section 5.1 improved, results unchanged, reference added. Matches published version
Periodic Reeb orbits on prequantization bundles
Creators: name: Albers, Peter
name: Gutt, Jean
name: Hein, Doris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D35, 53D40

description: In this paper, we prove that every graphical hypersurface in a prequantization bundle over a symplectic manifold $M$, pinched between two circle bundles whose ratio of radii is less than $\sqrt{2}$ carries either one short simple periodic orbit or carries at least $\operatorname{cuplength}(M)+1$ simple periodic Reeb orbits.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures. Several arguments have been cleaned up and clarified
Massive MIMO has Unlimited Capacity
Creators: name: Björnson, Emil
name: Hoydis, Jakob
name: Sanguinetti, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The capacity of cellular networks can be improved by the unprecedented array gain and spatial multiplexing offered by Massive MIMO. Since its inception, the coherent interference caused by pilot contamination has been believed to create a finite capacity limit, as the number of antennas goes to infinity. In this paper, we prove that this is incorrect and an artifact from using simplistic channel models and suboptimal precoding/combining schemes. We show that with multicell MMSE precoding/combining and a tiny amount of spatial channel correlation or large-scale fading variations over the array, the capacity increases without bound as the number of antennas increases, even under pilot contamination. More precisely, the result holds when the channel covariance matrices of the contaminating users are asymptotically linearly independent, which is generally the case. If also the diagonals of the covariance matrices are linearly independent, it is sufficient to know these diagonals (and not the full covariance matrices) to achieve an unlimited asymptotic capacity.
description: To appear in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 17 pages, 7 figures
Fast-slow asymptotics for a Markov chain model of fast sodium current
Creators: name: Stary, T.
name: Biktashev, V. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the feasibility of using fast-slow asymptotic to eliminate the computational stiffness of the discrete-state, continuous-time deterministic Markov chain models of ionic channels underlying cardiac excitability. We focus on a Markov chain model of the fast sodium current, and investigate its asymptotic behaviour with respect to small parameters identified in different ways.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, as accepted to Chaos 2017/09/01
Examples of finite dimensional algebras which do not satisfy the derived Jordan--Hölder property
Creators: name: Liu, Qunhua
name: Yang, Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16E35, 18E30, 16G20

description: We construct a matrix algebra $Λ(A,B)$ from two given finite dimensional elementary algebras $A$ and $B$ and give some sufficient conditions on $A$ and $B$ under which the derived Jordan--Hölder property (DJHP) fails for $Λ(A,B)$. This provides finite dimensional algebras of finite global dimension which do not satisfy DJHP.
description: 19 pages. Algebra and Representation Theory, published online
title: The application of low coherence interferometry to the micron scale imaging of the living human retina
Creators: name: Dobre, George
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: Current optical and ultrasound techniques for high resolution in vivo retinal imaging cannot provide the depth accuracy required to enable sensitive ophthalmologic diagnosis to be carried out on the basis of images of retinal microstructures. The axial depth resolution of one of the recently introduced retinal imaging instruments, the scanning laser ophthalmoscope, is restricted by the combined effect of the depth of focus achievable through the eye pupil and aberrations to about 300 pm. A new imaging technique, based on low coherence interferometry, providing improved depth resolution figures of the order of a few microns, is demonstrated here. Non-invasive topographic and tomographic measurements can be performed with an instrument based on this technique. A novel path modulation procedure, the Newton rings sampling function, is presented together with experimental results obtained in its application to the imaging of various objects including human in vivo retina. The advantages and disadvantages of novel and more conventional imaging modes, their associated techniques and the overall importance and likely impact of the novel Newton rings modulation method are considered. The measurement of 3-dimensional profiles of various targets, including tomographic images of in vivo human retinas from volunteers’ eyes, is presented. The utility of OCT measurements in the high-resolution mapping of in vivo tissue and its potential usage alongside scanning laser ophthalmoscopy in identifying features in the human eye are discussed.
Thouless-Anderson-Palmer equations for the generic p-spin glass model
Creators: name: Auffinger, Antonio
name: Jagannath, Aukosh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Thouless-Anderson-Palmer (TAP) equations for spin glasses on the hypercube. First, using a random, approximately ultrametric decomposition of the hypercube, we decompose the Gibbs measure, $\langle\cdot\rangle_N$, into a mixture of conditional laws, $\langle\cdot\rangle_{α,N}$. We show that the TAP equations hold for the spin at any site with respect to $\langle\cdot\rangle_{α,N}$ simultaneously for all $α$. This result holds for generic models provided that the Parisi measure of the model has a jump at the top of its support.
description: New title, introduction revised. Major changes to Section 1 and 7
Realization of the Axial Next-Nearest-Neighbor Ising model in U$_3$Al$_2$Ge$_3$
Creators: name: Fobes, David M
name: Lin, Shi-Zeng
name: Ghimire, Nirmal J
name: Bauer, Eric D
name: Thompson, Joe D
name: Bleuel, Markus
name: DeBeer-Schmitt, Lisa M
name: Janoschek, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we report small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements and theoretical modeling of U$_3$Al$_2$Ge$_3$. Analysis of the SANS data reveals a phase transition to sinusoidally modulated magnetic order, at $T_{\mathrm{N}}=63$~K to be second order, and a first order phase transition to ferromagnetic order at $T_{\mathrm{c}}=48$~K. Within the sinusoidally modulated magnetic phase ($T_{\mathrm{c}} < T < T_{\mathrm{N}}$), we uncover a dramatic change, by a factor of three, in the ordering wave-vector as a function of temperature. These observations all indicate that U$_3$Al$_2$Ge$_3$ is a close realization of the three-dimensional Axial Next-Nearest-Neighbor Ising model, a prototypical framework for describing commensurate to incommensurate phase transitions in frustrated magnets.
Damping dependence of spin-torque effects in thermally assisted magnetization reversal
Creators: name: Kalmykov, Y. P.
name: Byrne, D.
name: Coffey, W. T.
name: Dowling, W. J.
name: Titov, S. V.
name: Wegrowe, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal fluctuations of nanomagnets driven by spin-polarized currents are treated via the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation as generalized to include both the random thermal noise field and Slonczewski spin-transfer torque terms. The magnetization reversal time of such a nanomagnet is then evaluated for wide ranges of damping by using a method which generalizes the solution of the so-called Kramers turnover problem for mechanical Brownian particles, thereby bridging the very low damping and intermediate damping Kramers escape rates, to the analogous magnetic turnover problem. The reversal time is then evaluated for a nanomagnet with the free energy density given in the standard form of superimposed easy-plane and in-plane easy-axis anisotropies with the dc bias field along the easy axis.
Gut microbiota were altered with platelet count and red blood cell count in immune thrombocytopenia patients
Creators: name: 芮雪(Rui Xue)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2023
Subjects: Metabolome
Multispecies
Medical

description: The gut microbiome is clearly linked to the development of various autoimmune diseases, however, its association with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is less well understood. The current study collected 73 samples, including 36 from healthy individuals and 37 from ITP patients. The gut microbial community was assessed using 16s rRNA sequencing. Findings illustrated that the abundance of microbiota was significantly higher in the ITP group. This group was further divided into three subgroups that received different treatments for ITP. A random forest model was used to predict the key microbiota and the identified bacteria were shown to easily distinguish between the healthy and the ITP treatment groups. Microbial function annotation and difference analysis showed that drug treatment changed the gut microbiome and may play a role in inducing host autoimmune responses by changing microbial metabolism pathways. Clinical indices also correlated negatively with changes in the microbiome after treatment. In summary, ITP patients who received drug treatment had significant differences in their microbiome along with a high abundance of bacteria. Thus, the microbiome could be used as a biomarker to distinguish between healthy and ITB groups. The key differential bacteria could help to regulate the number of platelets in ITP patients and provide a red blood cell overstock.
Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Ester-Functionalized Group 16 Conjugated Polymers and Macrocycles
Creators: name: Kawakami, Manami
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Polymeric organic semiconductors derived from group 16 heterocycles are of interest to synthetic researchers, as these materials are usually inexpensive, flexible, and easy to process relative to their inorganic counterparts. Recently, we utilized a nickel-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura crosscoupling strategy to prepare poly(3-hexylesterfuran). Interestingly, the introduction of the electron-withdrawing ester moiety significantly improved the photostability of polyfuran and also induced the formation of a π-stacked helical structure by enforcing a syn geometry of adjacent furan units in the buildup of the chain. Focusing on the ester-functionalization, this thesis describes the design and synthesis of both linear polymers and macrocycles to tune structural and electronic features of π-conjugated materials. Poly(3-alkylester selenophene) and statistical copolymers of thiophene-3-carboxylates and selenophene-3-carboxylates were synthesized for a thorough understanding of the conformational and optoelectronic properties of ester-substituted group 16 polymers (Chapter 2). Dynamic folding and unfolding behavior of poly(3-alkylesterfuran) were investigated in variety of side-chain structures, molecular weight, solvent, and temperature (Chapter 3 and 4). The furan ester induced syn-templating strategy was expanded to include other heterocycles in tandem with furan to synthesize alternating helical copolymers (Chapter 5). Finally, furan ester induced syn-templating strategy leaded to the synthesis of a new mixed macrocycle system, cyclo[4]thiphene[4]furan (C4TE4FE) and its dication (Chapter 6). Current effort focused on the investigation of solution aggregation behavior of cyclo[6]furan and cyclo[4]thiophene[4]furan (Chapter 7), in addition to the overall outlook for this thesis research and future direction towards the expansion of macrocycle families by post-cyclization functionalization (Chapter 8).
Using Ice and Dust Lines to Constrain the Surface Densities of Protoplanetary Disks
Creators: name: Powell, Diana
name: Murray-Clay, Ruth
name: Schlichting, Hilke E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel method for determining the surface density of protoplanetary disks through consideration of disk 'dust lines' which indicate the observed disk radial scale at different observational wavelengths. This method relies on the assumption that the processes of particle growth and drift control the radial scale of the disk at late stages of disk evolution such that the lifetime of the disk is equal to both the drift timescale and growth timescale of the maximum particle size at a given dust line. We provide an initial proof of concept of our model through an application to the disk TW Hya and are able to estimate the disk dust-to-gas ratio, CO abundance, and accretion rate in addition to the total disk surface density. We find that our derived surface density profile and dust-to-gas ratio are consistent with the lower limits found through measurements of HD gas. The CO ice line also depends on surface density through grain adsorption rates and drift and we find that our theoretical CO ice line estimates have clear observational analogues. We further apply our model to a large parameter space of theoretical disks and find three observational diagnostics that may be used to test its validity. First we predict that the dust lines of disks other than TW Hya will be consistent with the normalized CO surface density profile shape for those disks. Second, surface density profiles that we derive from disk ice lines should match those derived from disk dust lines. Finally, we predict that disk dust and ice lines will scale oppositely, as a function of surface density, across a large sample of disks.
description: Published in ApJ, May 2017
title: REGIONAL BRANDING – IMMIGRATION POLICIES NEXUS
Creators: name: Karimivala, Sanaz
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2022

description: In the current realm of ideas, values and perceptions, positive perception of region may guarantee and assure investment, tourism, and security to the place. A successful regional brand symbolically helps to identify and represent a positive perception of the region that is constructed by all the stakeholders including immigrants. Immigrants are important contributors to regional branding process as well as its economic development, though they are often neglected or excluded. However, harnessing the benefits of international migration for regional sustainable and authentic brand needs ensuring equal access to work, housing, education, health, and citizenship rights. Otherwise, in case of adopting discriminatory policy against immigrants and violating their basic human rights, no branding strategy or program will likely to enhance the image of the region and make any significant transformation. In fact, regions must create a positive perception to show that diversity, equality, and social inclusion are fabrics of its immigration policy. The policy should aim to ensure the social inclusiveness and cohesion in the branding process of the region.
Commit to Be Fit: Antecedents and Consequences of Goal-Directed Health and Fitness Technology Use
Creators: name: Li, Yafang
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2028
Subjects: Consumer Health IT
Fitness Technology Affordances
Fitness Tracker Discontinuance
Fitness Tracker Habitual Use
Fitness Tracker Identity

description: This three-essay dissertation explores the antecedents and consequences of goal-directed health and fitness technology use. My first essay is an interdisciplinary review of consumer health IT research in the IS field and health informatics field. To explore the nature of consumer health IT research, I conducted a thematic analysis using Orlikowski and Iacono's (2001) IT artifact framework. I found that the nominal, proxy, and tool views of IT artifact are the most widely used perspectives when scholars frame how consumer health IT as an IT artifact is designed, deployed, and used. This study summarizes current consumer health IT research trends and suggests promising directions for future work.
description: Inspired by my first essay, my second and third essays focus on extending current knowledge of fitness technologies, a subtype of consumer health IT. In my second essay, I look at fitness technology use behavior from a goal-directed behavior perspective, to ask how fitness technologies help users achieve their fitness goals. Drawing on the concepts of IT affordance and engagement, I propose that actualized fitness technology affordances influence users' cognitive and emotional exercise engagement, leading to fitness goal attainment. The results show that only emotional exercise engagement exerts significant influences on fitness goal attainment and that only actualized self-appraisal affordance and actualized social appraisal affordance significantly impact users' emotional exercise engagement.
description: My third essay focuses on understanding individuals' discontinuance and habitual use of fitness trackers from the perspectives of fitness tracker identity and exercise identity. Drawing on Carter and Grover's (2015) theoretical model of IT identity, this research investigates how the technological, personal, and social aspects of users' fitness technology use experiences shape their fitness tracker identity to influence their fitness tracker use behaviors. My results show that individuals who positively identify with a fitness tracker are less likely to discontinue and more likely to develop habitual use. Further, for the same fitness tracker identity, employees with stronger exercise identity have lower discontinuance intention. Also, for the same fitness tracker identity, employees with more monetary rewards from their organizations have lower discontinuance intention. Moreover, I found various significant antecedents of fitness tracker identity.
Phase field modeling of brittle compressive-shear fractures in rock-like materials: A new driving force and a hybrid formulation
Creators: name: Zhou, Shuwei
name: Zhuang, Xiaoying
name: Rabczuk, Timon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Compressive-shear fracture is commonly observed in rock-like materials. However, this fracture type cannot be captured by current phase field models (PFMs), which have been proven an effective tool for modeling fracture initiation, propagation, coalescence, and branching in solids. The existing PFMs also cannot describe the influence of cohesion and internal friction angle on load-displacement curve during compression tests. Therefore, to develop a new phase field model that can simulate well compressive-shear fractures in rock-like materials, we construct a new driving force in the evolution equation of phase field. Strain spectral decomposition is applied and only the compressive part of the strain is used in the new driving force with consideration of the influence of cohesion and internal friction angle. For ease of implementation, a hybrid formulation is established for the phase field modeling. Then, we test the brittle compressive-shear fractures in uniaxial compression tests on intact rock-like specimens as well as those with a single or two parallel inclined flaws. All numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental observation, validating the feasibility and practicability of the proposed PFM for simulating brittle compressive-shear fractures.
Improved Converses and Gap Results for Coded Caching
Creators: name: Wang, Chien-Yi
name: Bidokhti, Shirin Saeedi
name: Wigger, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Improved lower bounds on the average and the worst-case rate-memory tradeoffs for the Maddah-Ali&Niesen coded caching scenario are presented. For any number of users and files and for arbitrary cache sizes, the multiplicative gap between the exact rate-memory tradeoff and the new lower bound is less than 2.315 in the worst-case scenario and less than 2.507 in the average-case scenario.