Stigmacoccus paranaensis Foldi
Creators: name: Hodgson, Chris
name: Gamper, Heather
name: Bogo, Amauri
name: Watson, Gillian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Margarodidae
Stigmacoccus
Stigmacoccus paranaensis

description: Stigmacoccus paranaensis Foldi
(Fig. 13)
Material studied. PARATYPES: BRAZIL, Paraná, Vilo Velha, on Inga sp. (Fabaceae), 8.ix.1985, I. Foldi (MNHN, 10365-6)): 1/5 1st instar, in good condition.
Other material. BRAZIL: Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Campus of Univ. Fed. de Santa Catarina, on trunk of Schizolobium excelsum (Fabaceae), 20–25.xii.1998, G. Mottana (BMNH): 3/12 1st instar, in good to poor condition, including 2 older, rather swollen nymphs.
Unmounted material. Live material not seen; specimens in alcohol reddish, elongate, more or less round in cross-section; clubbed apical antennal segment and broad femurs very obvious; anal lobe setae long; other setae along margin of abdomen short.
Mounted material. Length 730–875 ųm, width 410–475 ųm (625–750 ųm for old nymphs).
Dorsum. Hair-like setae, each mainly 16–28 ųm long; distribution as in generic description; hairs each 25–27 ųm long. Spines mainly 13–28 ųm long but shorter near anus and anteriorly: totals on each side (for dorsum + venter combined): I and II 0 or 1; III 1–3; IV 1–3; V 5–8; VI 6–10; VII 12–15; and VIII 0 or 1 near margin; distribution mainly marginal but segments III–VII with groups of 1 or 2 submarginally and segments V and VI with a pair medially and VII with several medially. Large bollard-like spines, each about 8–12 ųm wide, distributed as in generic description. Pores: (i) simple convex pores each 2 ųm wide: with 1–4 near each eyespot; (ii) small sclerotised pore, each about 2–4 ųm wide, with a central projection, distributed as in generic description; (iii) large bilocular pores, each about 10 ųm long and 8 ųm wide, distributed as in generic description; (iv) tubular pores possibly all of one size, each pore 6–8 ųm long and about 6 ųm wide, with 1 pair submarginally per segment. Abdominal spiracles: each atrium 8–14 ųm long. Anal area: anal opening about 35–50 ųm wide; with 1 ring of 30–39 short, tubercle-like pores; wide sclerotised, circular area 100–125 ųm wide. Anal tube complex 80–105 ųm long; each ring of pores with about 10–15 pores. Eyespots each about 25 ųm wide.
Venter. Hairs and setae similar to those on dorsum but apparently more randomly arranged; hairs anterior to anus 40–75 ųm long; with some hair-like setae between antennae and near procoxae each 40–75 ųm long; anal lobe setae each about 310–350 ųm long. Spines as for dorsum: mainly marginal, none present on VIII. Large bilocular pores present as in generic description; large bollard-like spines: 1 associated with each thoracic spiracle. Tubular pores as in generic description. Antennae 6 segmented, each about 305–330 ųm long; scape about 37–45 ųm long, with 5 setae; pedicel 55–65 ųm long, with 5 setae; flagellar segments III–V each 35–54 ųm long, with 4 or 5 setae; apical segment large, 95–100 ųm long, each with about 12 setae, 2 large antennal bristles and 4 small bristles; surface of segments IV–VI lightly reticulated. Clypeolabral shield 205– 245 ųm long; labium 100–125 ųm long. Thoracic spiracles: peritreme 8 ųm wide; muscle plate 14–21 ųm long. Legs: large and well developed; metathoracic (length ųm): coxa 50–61; trochanter + femur 155–185; tibia 160–200; tarsus 97–108; claw 30–38; each coxa with 4 or 5 setae; trochanter as in generic description; femur with 4–7 setae; tibia with 9–15 setae, most distal seta about 75–90 ųm long; tibia with some dermal reticulations on distal end; tarsus with 4 or 5 setae; claws as in generic description.
Comment. The young 1st instars look normal but the 2 older nymphs are clearly swollen, rather similar to that described above for S. garmilleri. However, these two specimens are otherwise identical to the above description and the derm has not started to sclerotise. For separation from other two species, see key above.
Discussion of 1st-instar stage. The shape of the antennae and legs, and the structure of the anal tube, are all diagnostic of this genus. The fact that the crawler of S. garmilleri has changed shape so radically suggests that the 1st-instar may go through somewhat similar changes in shape prior to moulting as noted in Matsucoccidae (Boratynski, 1952; Foldi, 2004), where the body becomes swollen, although the swelling of Stigmacoccus crawlers appears to be general rather than mainly in the head and prothoracic areas, as in Matsucoccus.
description: Published as part of Hodgson, Chris, Gamper, Heather, Bogo, Amauri & Watson, Gillian, 2007, A taxonomic review of the Margarodoid genus Stigmacoccus Hempel (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Stigmacoccidae), with some details on their biology, pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1507 on pages 32-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177176