cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Förderung des multilingualen Bewusstseins im ungarischen Schulkontext: Ein sprachenübergreifendes Unterrichtsprojekt zum Deutscherwerb nach Englisch
Creators: name: Horváth, Lilla
name: Jessner, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt
Year: 2023

description: Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit hat zum Ziel, die Auswirkungen von Training des multilingualen Bewusstseins auf das Schreiben in der zweiten Fremdsprache zu erforschen. Das Projekt wurde für ungarische Neuntklässler konzipiert, die Englisch als erste Fremdsprache und Deutsch als zweite Fremdsprache im Anfangsstadium lernen. Die Unterrichtsmethode fokussiert auf die Sensibilisierung der Interventionsgruppe für Ähnlichkeiten zwischen Englisch und Deutsch. Der vorliegende Artikel berichtet über die Ergebnisse im ersten Jahr des Deutschlernens. Die Daten belegen ein erhöhtes Leistungsniveau sowie bessere kom-munikative Schreibkompetenzen in der Interventionsgruppe mit signifikanten Unterschieden in der Entwicklung zwischen der Interventions- und der Kontrollgruppe.
U.S. Agriculture's Potential to Supply World Food Markets
Creators: name: Edwards, Clark
name: Edwards, Clark
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: capacity
subject: demand
subject: export
subject: farm
subject: future
subject: income
subject: price
subject: production
subject: regions
subject: resources

description: Domestic markets are growing too slowly to absorb increases in U.S. farm production. But reliance on foreign markets can make farmers vulnerable to sudden swings in prices, which are transmitted to other domestic sectors as well. This report assesses U.S. agriculture's capacity to meet domestic and export demands, and the likely consequences of doing so, under different economic assumptions about the future. By shifting production among regions, adopting new technology, and keeping up the quality of its resources, U.S. agriculture could double its exports within the next 30 years.
Exact and asymptotic results for insurance risk models with surplus-dependent premiums
Creators: name: Albrecher, Hansjörg
name: Constantinescu, Corina
name: Palmowski, Zbigniew
name: Regensburger, Georg
name: Rosenkranz, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we develop a symbolic technique to obtain asymptotic expressions for ruin probabilities and discounted penalty functions in renewal insurance risk models when the premium income depends on the present surplus of the insurance portfolio. The analysis is based on boundary problems for linear ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients. The algebraic structure of the Green's operators allows us to develop an intuitive way of tackling the asymptotic behavior of the solutions, leading to exponential-type expansions and Cramér-type asymptotics. Furthermore, we obtain closed-form solutions for more specific cases of premium functions in the compound Poisson risk model.
Revisiting the Relationship Between Fault Detection,Test Adequacy Criteria, and Test Set Size
Creators: name: Chen, Yiqun T.
name: Gopinath, Rahul
name: Tadakamalla, Anita
name: Ernst, Michael D.
name: Holmes, Reid
name: Fraser, Gordon
name: Ammann, Paul
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: The research community has long recognized a complex interrelationship between test set size, test adequacy criteria, and test effectiveness in terms of fault detection. However, there is substantial confusion about the role and importance of controlling for test set size when assessing and comparing test adequacy criteria. This paper makes the following contributions: (1) A review of contradictory analyses of the relationship between fault detection, test suite size, and test adequacy criteria. Specifically, this paper addresses the supposed contradiction of prior work and explains why test suite size is neither a confounding variable, as previously suggested,nor an independent variable that should be experimentally manipulated. (2) An explication and discussion of the experimental design and sampling strategies of prior work, together with a discussion of conceptual and statistical problems, and specific guidelines for future work. (3) A methodology for comparing test-adequacy criteria on an equal basis, which accounts for test suite size by treating it as a covariate. (4) An empirical evaluation that compares the effectiveness of coverage-based and mutation-based testing to one another and random testing. Additionally, this paper proposes probabilistic coupling, a methodology for approximating the representativeness of a set of test goals for a given set of real faults
Generating Functions for Coherent Intertwiners
Creators: name: Bonzom, Valentin
name: Livine, Etera R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study generating functions for the scalar products of SU(2) coherent intertwiners, which can be interpreted as coherent spin network evaluations on a 2-vertex graph. We show that these generating functions are exactly summable for different choices of combinatorial weights. Moreover, we identify one choice of weight distinguished thanks to its geometric interpretation. As an example of dynamics, we consider the simple case of SU(2) flatness and describe the corresponding Hamiltonian constraint whose quantization on coherent intertwiners leads to partial differential equations that we solve. Furthermore, we generalize explicitly these Wheeler-DeWitt equations for SU(2) flatness on coherent spin networks for arbitrary graphs.
description: 31 pages
Model Checking Branching Properties on Petri Nets with Transits
Creators: name: Finkbeiner, Bernd
name: Gieseking, Manuel
name: Hecking-Harbusch, Jesko
name: Olderog, Ernst-Rüdiger
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: To model check concurrent systems, it is convenient to distinguish between the data flow and the control. Correctness is specified on the level of data flow whereas the system is configured on the level of control. Petri nets with transits and Flow-LTL are a corresponding formalism. In Flow-LTL, both the correctness of the data flow and assumptions on fairness and maximality for the control are expressed in linear time. So far, branching behavior cannot be specified for Petri nets with transits. In this paper, we introduce Flow-CTL* to express the intended branching behavior of the data flow while maintaining LTL for fairness and maximality assumptions on the control. We encode physical access control with policy updates as Petri nets with transits and give standard requirements in Flow-CTL*. For model checking, we reduce the model checking problem of Petri nets with transits against Flow-CTL* via automata constructions to the model checking problem of Petri nets against LTL. Thereby, physical access control with policy updates under fairness assumptions for an unbounded number of people can be verified. %for the first time.
Drell-Yan diffraction: breakdown of QCD factorisation
Creators: name: Pasechnik, R. S.
name: Kopeliovich, B. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the diffractive Drell-Yan process in proton-(anti)proton collisions at high energies in the color dipole approach. The calculations are performed at forward rapidities of the leptonic pair. Effect of eikonalization of the universal "bare"dipole-target elastic amplitude in the saturation regime takes into account the principal part of the gap survival probability. We present predictions for the total and differential cross sections of the single diffractive lepton pair production at RHIC and LHC energies. We analyze implications of the QCD factorisation breakdown in the diffractive Drell-Yan process, which is caused by a specific interplay of the soft and hard interactions, and resulting in rather unusual properties of the corresponding observables.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
Protoplanetary Disks of T Tauri Binary Systems in the Orion Nebula Cluster
Creators: name: Daemgen, Sebastian
name: Correia, Serge
name: Petr-Gotzens, Monika G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of protoplanetary disks in spatially resolved low-mass binary stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) to assess the impact of binarity on the properties of circumstellar disks. This is currently the largest such study in a clustered high-stellar-density star-forming environment. We particularly aim to determine the presence of magnetospheric accretion and dust disks for each binary component, and measure the overall disk frequency. We carried out spatially resolved adaptive-optics-assisted observations to acquire near-IR photometry and spectroscopy of 26 binaries in the ONC, and determine stellar parameters such as effective temperatures, spectral types, luminosities, and masses, as well as accretion properties and near-infrared excesses for the individual binary components. A fraction of 40(+10/-9)% of the binary components in the sample can be inferred to be T Tauri stars possessing an accretion disk, marginally fewer than the disk fraction of single stars. We find that disks in wide binaries of >200AU separation are consistent with random pairing, while the evolution of circumprimary and circumsecondary disks is observed to be synchronized in close binaries (separations <200AU). Circumbinary disks appear to be unsuitable to explain this difference. Furthermore, we identify several mixed pairs of accreting and non-accreting components, suggesting that these systems are common and that there is no preference for either the more or less massive component to evolve faster. The derived accretion luminosities and mass accretion rates of the ONC binary components are of similar magnitude as those for both ONC single stars and binaries in the Taurus star-forming region. The paper concludes with a discussion of the (presumably weak) connection between the presence of inner accretion disks in young binary systems and the existence of planets in stellar multiples.(abridged)
description: 22 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
AMUSE-VIRGO. III: mid-infrared photometry of early-type galaxies and limits on obscured nuclear emission
Creators: name: Leipski, Christian
name: Gallo, Elena
name: Treu, Tommaso
name: Woo, Jong-Hak
name: Miller, Brendan P.
name: Antonucci, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We complete our census of low-level nuclear activity in Virgo Cluster early-type galaxies by searching for obscured emission using Spitzer Space Telescope mid-infrared (MIR) imaging at 24mu. Of a total sample of 95 early-type galaxies, 53 objects are detected, including 16 showing kiloparsec-scale dust in optical images. One dimensional and two dimensional surface photometry of the 37 detections without extended dust features reveals that the MIR light is more centrally concentrated than the optical light as traced by Hubble Space Telescope F850LP-band images. No such modeling was performed for the sources with dust detected in the optical images. We explore several possible sources of the MIR excess emission, including obscured nuclear emission. We find that radial metallicity gradients in the stellar population appear to be a natural and most likely explanation for the observed behavior in a majority of the sources. Alternatively, if the concentrated MIR emission were due to nuclear activity, it would imply a MIR-to-X luminosity ratio ~5-10 for the low luminosity AGN detected in X-rays by our survey. This ratio is an order of magnitude larger than that of typical low-luminosity AGN and would imply an unusual spectral energy distribution. We conclude that the black holes found by our survey in quiescent early-type galaxies in Virgo have low bolometric Eddington ratios arising from low accretion rates and/or highly radiatively inefficient accretion.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ
Differential Analysis and Fingerprinting of ZombieLoads on Block Ciphers
Creators: name: Schlüter, Till
name: Lemke-Rust, Kerstin
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Microarchitectural Data Sampling (MDS) enables to observe in-flight data that has recently been loaded or stored in shared short-time buffers on a physical CPU core. In-flight data sampled from line-fill buffers (LFBs) are also known as "ZombieLoads". We present a new method that links the analysis of ZombieLoads to Differential Power Analysis (DPA) techniques and provides an alternative way to derive the secret key of block ciphers. This method compares observed ZombieLoads with predicted intermediate values that occur during cryptographic computations depending on a key hypothesis and known data. We validate this approach using an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) software implementation. Further, we provide a novel technique of cache line fingerprinting that reduces the superposition of ZombieLoads from different cache lines in the data sets resulting from an MDS attack. Thereby, this technique is helpful to reveal static secret data such as AES round keys which is shown in practice on an AES implementation.
The Impacts of Integrating Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) in Medical Education on Trainees.
Creators: name: Sabeeha, Roshan
name: Wong, Jacelyn Yun Qian
name: Loh, Yi Zhen
name: Lai, Wai Keung Christopher
name: Mohamed Sali, Hajmath Begum
Publisher: name: Singapore Institute of Technology
Year: 2023
Subjects: Diagnostic radiography

description: With advancements in technology, Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) in Radiology and Radiography has played an essential role in archiving and retrieving medical images. Other functions of PACS also include visualising and manipulating patient’s images for an accurate diagnosis. Without the basic knowledge of PACS, users would face technical challenges leading to a delay in medical care delivery. Starting PACS training with healthcare students would help to acquaint them with the system and serve as a tool to supplement their learning. Hence, the aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the impact of implementing PACS training on trainees. Previous studies were included based on the keywords generated for the search strategy. Our exclusion criteria consisted of articles published before 2000, those not related to PACS, and conference abstracts. Scientific databases such as PubMed, Cinahl, Cochrane, Web of Science, Embase, Medline (Ovid) were used. After reviewing the studies based on these criteria, 21 studies were included in this review and six themes were generated. These themes included ‘Self-efficacy’, ‘Skills of Inquiry’, ‘Interest and Motivation’, ‘Application to clinical practice’, ‘Content and Process knowledge’ and ‘Utility of PACS’. The results reported an increase in trainees’ self-confidence when using PACS. Trainees felt more ready for their future practice and clinicals. Studies showed that trainees were able to develop critical thinking skills and helped to increase their interest and motivation in radiology. Trainees learnt new clinical and imaging knowledge from PACS training and found it useful for studying radiology, understanding anatomy, and learning indications for imaging studies. The PACS training also provided trainees the perspective of a practitioner and the image manipulation tools in PACS aided them in visualising anatomy and understanding difficult materials effectively. Hence, the consensus reached based on the results is that implementing PACS training has a positive impact on trainees.
Testing the continuum discretized coupled channel method for deuteron induced reactions
Creators: name: Upadhyay, N. J.
name: Deltuva, A.
name: Nunes, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Continuum Discretized Coupled Channels (CDCC) method is a well established theory for direct nuclear reactions which includes breakup to all orders. Alternatively, the 3-body problem can be solved exactly within the Faddeev formalism which explicitly includes breakup and transfer channels to all orders. With the aim to understand how CDCC compares with the exact 3-body Faddeev formulation, we study deuteron induced reactions on: i) $^{10}$Be at $E_{\rm d}= 21.4, 40.9 \; {\rm and} \; 71$ MeV; ii) $^{12}$C at $E_{\rm d} = 12 \; {\rm and} \; 56$ MeV; and iii) $^{48}$Ca at $E_{\rm d} = 56$ MeV. We calculate elastic, transfer and breakup cross sections. Overall, the discrepancies found for elastic scattering are small with the exception of very backward angles. For transfer cross sections at low energy $\sim$10 MeV/u, CDCC is in good agreement with the Faddeev-type results and the discrepancy increases with beam energy. On the contrary, breakup observables obtained with CDCC are in good agreement with Faddeev-type results for all but the lower energies considered here.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures
Strangeness production at finite temperature and baryon density in an effective relativistic mean field model
Creators: name: Iazzi, F.
name: Introzzi, R.
name: Lavagno, A.
name: Pigato, D.
name: Younis, M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the strangeness production in hot and dense nuclear medium, by requiring the conservation of the baryon density, electric charge fraction and zero net strangeness. The hadronic equation of state is investigated by means of an effective relativistic mean field model, with the inclusion of the full octet of baryons and kaon mesons. Kaons are considered taking into account of an effective chemical potential depending on the self-consistent interaction between baryons. The obtained results are compared with a minimal coupling scheme, calculated for different values of the anti-kaon optical potential and with non-interacting kaon particles. In this context, we also consider the possible onset of the kaon condensation for a wide range of temperatures and baryon densities.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
A Statistical Analysis Framework for ICS Process Datasets
Creators: name: Turrin, Federico
name: Erba, Alessandro
name: Tippenhauer, Nils Ole
name: Conti, Mauro
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: In recent years, several schemes have been proposed to detect anomalies and attacks on Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) such as Industrial Control Systems (ICSs). Based on the analysis of sensor data, unexpected or malicious behavior is detected. Those schemes often rely on (implicit) assumptions on temporally stable sensor data distributions and invariants between process values. Unfortunately, the proposed schemes often do not perform optimally, with Recall scores lower than 70% (e.g., missing 3 alarms every 10 anomalies) for some ICS datasets, with unclear root issues. In this work, we propose a general framework to analyze whether a given ICS dataset has specific properties (stable sensor distributions in normal operations, potentially state-dependent), which then allows to determine whether certain Anomaly Detection approaches can be expected to perform well. We apply our framework to three datasets showing that the behavior of actuators and sensors are very different between Training set and Test set. In addition, we present high-level guides to consider when designing an Anomaly Detection System.
Bose-Einstein Condensation of Erbium
Creators: name: Aikawa, K.
name: Frisch, A.
name: Mark, M.
name: Baier, S.
name: Rietzler, A.
name: Grimm, R.
name: Ferlaino, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation of erbium atoms and on the observation of magnetic Feshbach resonances at low magnetic field. By means of evaporative cooling in an optical dipole trap, we produce pure condensates of $^{168}$Er, containing up to $7 \times 10^{4}$ atoms. Feshbach spectroscopy reveals an extraordinary rich loss spectrum with six loss resonances already in a narrow magnetic-field range up to 3 G. Finally, we demonstrate the application of a low-field Feshbach resonance to produce a tunable dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate and we observe its characteristic d-wave collapse.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
A simplified down-hole method for monitoring an engineered hydraulic barrier using electrical resistivity tomography
Creators: name: Perrin, Robert
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: In the Athabasca Oil sands in Northern Alberta one of the major risks to mining operations is water infiltration from a saline aquifer at the base of the oil sands. One method of preventing infiltration is by the use of a freeze wall surrounding the mine pit. Monitoring a freeze wall of this scale can be difficult because of the scale of oil sands mining pits. This thesis explores the use of single-borehole electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) as a method of monitoring the entire freeze wall for leaks, which takes advantage of the freeze wall infrastructure to minimize monitoring costs. The study was conducted by modelling a freeze wall breach, and then simulating an ERT data series from electrode arrays attached to the outside of the freeze pipes that were used to create the freeze wall. By using the freeze pipes for monitoring, the entire wall can be monitored while eliminating the need to drill additional wells for monitoring. The resulting simulated data were inverted using a simplified parameterized inversion scheme and were analyzed for their potential to show a leak in the freeze wall. The results of the study indicated that the use of single-borehole ERT can be used to monitor for leaks along the entire freeze wall, and the inverted models can be used to automate a corrective action to fix the freeze wall at a leak location. The results also indicated that determining the volume of saline water that has leaked is not possible using this simplified inversion scheme.
Increased Foreign Investment in U.S. Food Industries
Creators: name: MacDonald, James M.
name: Weimer, Scott A.
name: MacDonald, James M.
name: Weimer, Scott A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Foreign investment
subject: exchange rates
subject: food manufacturing
subject: food wholesaling
subject: food retailing
subject: food service

description: Foreign investment in U.S. food manufacturing grew by 60 percent between 1976 and 1982, while it grew by 300 percent in food wholesaling and retailing and grew by 600 percent in the rapidly expanding foodservice industry. Despite the growth, foreign-owned firms still employ only 3.5 percent of the food industry work force. As the world's economies become more closely linked, foreign investment in the U.S. food system should continue to grow. However, exchange rate fluctuations will cause sharp fluctuations in investment; most of the recent increase occurred between 1978 and 1981, as a declining dollar reduced the price of U.S. assets. Since 1981, the strength of the U.S. dollar has reduced foreign investment generally.
Clone Detection in Secure Messaging: Improving Post-Compromise Security in Practice
Creators: name: Cremers, Cas
name: Fairoze, Jaiden
name: Kiesl, Benjamin
name: Naska, Aurora
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: We investigate whether modern messaging apps achieve the strong post-compromise security guarantees offered by their underlying protocols. In particular, we perform a black-box experiment in which a user becomes the victim of a clone attack; in this attack,the user’s full state (including identity keys) is compromised by an attacker who clones their device and then later attempts to impersonate them, using the app through its user interface.Our attack should be prevented by protocols that offer post-compromise security, and thus, by all apps that are based on Signal’s double-ratchet algorithm (for instance, the Signal app, WhatsApp,and Facebook Secret Conversations). Our experiments reveal that this is not the case: most deployed messaging apps fall far short of the security that their underlying mechanisms suggest. We conjecture that this security gap is a result of many apps trading security for usability, by tolerating certain forms of desynchronization. We show that the tolerance of desynchronization necessarily leads to loss of post-compromise security in the strict sense, but we also show that more security can be retained than is currently offered in practice. Concretely, we present a modified version of the double-ratchet algorithm that tolerates forms of desynchronization while still being able to detect cloning activity.Moreover, we formally analyze our algorithm using the Tamarin prover to show that it achieves the desired security properties.
Two-fermion composite quasi-bosons and deformed oscillators
Creators: name: Gavrilik, A. M.
name: Kachurik, I. I.
name: Mishchenko, Yu. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of quasi-bosons or composite bosons (like mesons, excitons etc.) has a wide range of potential physical applications. Even composed of two pure fermions, the quasi-boson creation and annihilation operators satisfy non-standard commutation relations. It is natural to try to realize the quasi-boson operators by the operators of deformed (nonlinear) oscillator, the latter constituting widely studied field of modern quantum physics. In this paper, it is proved that the deformed oscillators which realize quasi-boson operators in a consistent way really exist. The conditions for such realization are derived, and the uniqueness of the family of deformations under consideration is shown.
description: 7 pages; minor changes made, the published version
Epigenetic information in the cell : a potential avenue for biocompatible computing
Creators: name: Hentrich, Thomas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Living organisms sense, process and produce molecular signals to regulate their activity and, thus, process information and perform computations on biological substrates. Understanding the fundamental principles of information representation and manipulation along these algorithmic bioprocesses will advance our understanding of biology and inspire novel forms of computation. From one side of this connection, the research field of Bioinformatics uses computational tools to gain insight into the processes of life. On the other side, Biomolecular Computing attempts to utilize molecules and cellular machineries to operate engineered nano-scale biocomputers in live cells for diagnostics, therapeutics and many other applications in biotechnology, bioengineering and biomedicine. Addressing this bifold character of information of life, this thesis contributes to the part of Computing Life by elucidating aspects of chromatin, the nucleo-protein structure of DNA in the cell. As a computation and storage layer chromatin offers a high degree of plasticity to integrate (environmental) signals into DNA-based regulation and allows information propagation according to epigenetic principles. In this work, I present results on the complexity of chromatin modifications and reveal their impact on gene activity and related cellular functions. I further discuss a bioinformatics pipeline I developed and that was applied for genome-wide chromatin profiling and transcriptome analysis. From the perspective of Living Computers, I address the question of information encoding by biomolecules and draw on principles of epigenetics to devise a model for an RNA interference-based equivalent of the electric flip-flop, which is one of the fundamental elements in digital circuits. In particular, I focus on the digital switch abstraction of the flip-flop as it is the pivotal idea in both the electric and biomolecular world that connects and at the same time decouples an underlying physical process and the abstract representation of information. This work contributes elucidating the computational principles of the RNA interference machinery and suggests novel ideas for universal memory units in biomolecular computing. By juxtaposing both the natural and artificial perspective, this thesis attempts to enhance our understanding of epigenetic information processing in the cell and its capacity for biocomputing applications.
Experimental verification of Boltzmann equilibrium for negative ions in weakly collisional electronegative plasmas
Creators: name: Ghim, Y. -C.
name: Hershkowitz, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weakly collisional Ar-O2 electronegative plasmas are investigated in a dc multidipole chamber. An electronegative core and an electropositive halo are observed. The density ratio of negative ions to electrons (α) in the nondrifting bulk is found to be 0.43. The profile of α is found using both the phase velocity of ion acoustic waves and the drift velocity of positive ions determined by laser induced fluorescence. The experiment shows that negative ions are in Boltzmann equilibrium with a temperature of 0.06 \pm 0.02 eV. Double layers are not found separating the electronegative core and the electropositive halo.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Особенности гражданско-правового обеспечения предотвращения и урегулирования конфликта интересов в образовательных организациях (Features of civil law support for preventing and resolving conflicts of interest in educational organizations)
Creators: name: Владимирович, Федулов Георгий
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: law

description: В работе приводятся результаты аналитического исследования основных гражданско-правовых подходов, направленных на совершенствование организационно-правовых методов и средств противодействия конфликту интересов в организациях, предоставляющих образовательные услуги в Российской Федерации. Внесены предложения по совершенствованию гражданско-правового обеспечения предотвращения и урегулирования конфликта интересов образовательных организаций на уровне издаваемых ими локальных правовых актов и заключаемых договоров гражданско-правового характера.
End User and Expert Perceptions of Threats and Potential Countermeasures
Creators: name: Anell, Simon
name: Gröber, Lea
name: Krombholz, Katharina
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Experts often design security and privacy technology with specific use cases and threat models in mind. In practice however, end users are not aware of these threats and potential countermeasures. Furthermore, misconceptions about the benefits and limitations of security and privacy technology inhibit large-scale adoption by end users. In this paper, we address this challenge and contribute a qualitative study on end users’ and security experts’ perceptions of threat models and potential countermeasures. We follow an inductive research approach to explore perceptions and mental models of both security experts and end users. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 8 security experts and 13 end users. Our results suggest that in contrast to security experts, end users neglect acquaintances and friends as attackers in their threat models. Our findings highlight that experts value technical countermeasures whereas end users try to implement trust-based defensive methods.
A J-band detection of the donor star in the dwarf nova OY Carinae, and an optical detection of its `iron curtain'
Creators: name: Copperwheat, C. M.
name: Marsh, T. R.
name: Parsons, S. G.
name: Hickman, R.
name: Steeghs, D.
name: Breedt, E.
name: Dhillon, V. S.
name: Littlefair, S. P.
name: Savoury, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Purely photometric models can be used to determine the binary parameters of eclipsing cataclysmic variables with a high degree of precision. However, the photometric method relies on a number of assumptions, and to date there have been very few independent checks of this method in the literature. We present time-resolved spectroscopy of the P=90.9 min eclipsing cataclysmic variable OY Carinae obtained with X-shooter on the VLT, in which we detect the donor star from K I lines in the J-band. We measure the radial velocity amplitude of the donor star K2 = 470.0 +/- 2.7 km/s, consistent with predictions based upon the photometric method (470 +/- 7 km/s). Additionally, the spectra obtained in the UVB arm of X-shooter show a series of Fe I and Fe II lines with a phase and velocity consistent with an origin in the accretion disc. This is the first unambiguous detection at optical wavelengths of the `iron curtain' of disc material which has been previously reported to veil the white dwarf in this system. The velocities of these lines do not track the white dwarf, reflecting a distortion of the outer disc that we see also in Doppler images. This is evidence for considerable radial motion in the outer disk, at up to 90 km/s towards and away from the white dwarf.
description: MNRAS accepted. 11 pages with 10 figures and 2 tables
Tightly Coupled Integration of GNSS/INS/Stereo Vision/Map Matching System for Land Vehicle Navigation
Creators: name: Liu, Fei
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: GNSS
subject: INS
subject: Stereo VO
subject: Tight integration
subject: Geodesy
subject: Engineering

description: This thesis proposes a tight integration architecture with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) as the core sensor for land vehicle navigation. Kalman filter is used to fuse different types of measurements. The IMU provides the dynamic information of the land vehicle and it is used to predict the measurements of other sensors. When the measurements become available, the differences between the predicted and actual measurements are applied to estimate the error states in the Kalman filter. There are four types of integration implemented in this thesis. First, the IMU is integrated with the Stereo Visual Odometry (VO). In this tight integration, the camera attitude and perspective center position can be predicted by the IMU mechanization and the 3-dimensional (3D) coordinates of the features can be obtained by the triangulation of the stereo images at the previous epoch. Therefore, the pixel coordinates of the features can be predicted based on the feature position, perspective center position and camera attitude. The difference between the predicted and actual pixel coordinates can be used to estimate the errors. In this way, the accumulated errors of inertial sensors can be largely reduced by the tightly coupled integration. The integration can reduce the accumulated errors of an individual system. Second, the integration system can be easily expanded with GNSS measurements when GNSS measurements are available. The state vector in the Kalman filter needs to be extended with the receiver clock error and the clock drift to adopt the GNSS code, carrier-phase and Doppler measurements. In this thesis, Precise Point Positioning (PPP) using one receiver is integrated with the Inertial Navigation System (INS) and Stereo VO. Third, fuzzy logic Map Matching (MM) is introduced to be integrated into the system. When there is GNSS outage, the INS/ Stereo VO solution can be projected on the digital map by fuzzy logic MM. The projected point provides the position information for the system, which effectively limits the drift of DR systems. Fourth, when the land vehicle is moving in open sky environment, PPP dominates the system accuracy. A fast PPP ambiguity resolution (AR) method is proposed to fix the ambiguities in the kinematic mode with the aid of MM. Generally, the float PPP solution is projected on the digital map. The projected point and the road link azimuth is applied as additional measurements to accelerate the convergence of ambiguities which reduces the integer search space, resulting in fast ambiguity resolution. Filed test datasets collected by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute (KITTI) and datasets collected in Calgary are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Digital Contact Tracing Powered By Blockchain.pdf
Creators: name: Roma, Diego
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 80403 Data Structures

description: Country leaders and policy-makers are debating on the most effective methods and systems of reintegration and opening borders once the curve has flattened, since this is happening at various times and deadlines, this paper aims to explore and consider possible solutions that could be put in place to keep borders safe from spill overs of COVID-19 by tracking travellers, and their medical records and vaccinations relating to the virus and its symptoms, with the aim of containing, preventing the spread of the virusand intercepting a possible recurrence of the pandemic by using blockchain.
Guiding Nonlinear Force-Free Modeling Using Coronal Observations: First Results Using a Quasi Grad-Rubin Scheme
Creators: name: Malanushenko, A.
name: Schrijver, C. J.
name: DeRosa, M. L.
name: Wheatland, M. S.
name: Gilchrist, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Presently, many models of the coronal magnetic field rely on photospheric vector magnetograms but these data have been shown to be problematic as the sole boundary information for nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolations. Magnetic fields in the corona manifest themselves in high-energy images (X-rays and EUV) in the shapes of coronal loops, providing an additional constraint that at present is not used due to the mathematical complications of incorporating such input into numerical models. Projection effects and the limited number of usable loops further complicate the use of coronal information. We develop and test an algorithm to use images showing coronal loops in the modeling of the solar coronal magnetic field. We first fit projected field lines with field lines of constant-\als force-free fields to approximate the three-dimensional distribution of currents in the corona along a sparse set of trajectories. We then apply a Grad-Rubin-like iterative technique to obtain a volume-filling nonlinear force-free model of the magnetic field, modifying method presented in \citet{Wheatland2007}. We thoroughly test the technique on known analytical and solar-like model magnetic fields previously used for comparing different extrapolation techniques \citep{Schrijver2006, Schrijver2008} and compare the results with those obtained by presently available methods that rely only on the photospheric data. We conclude that we have developed a functioning method of modeling the coronal magnetic field by combining the line-of-sight component of photospheric magnetic field with information from coronal images. Vector magnetograms over the full or partial photospheric boundary of the numerical domain could optionally be used.
description: Submitted to ApJ
Automatically Granted Permissions in Android apps: An Empirical Study on their Prevalence and on the Potential Threats for Privacy
Creators: name: Calciati, Paolo
name: Kuznetsov, Konstantin
name: Gorla, Alessandra
name: Zeller, Andreas
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Developers continuously update their Android apps to keep up with competitors in the market. Such constant updates do not bother end users, since by default the Android platform automatically pushes the most recent compatible release on the device, unless there are major changes in the list of requested permissions that users have to explicitly grant. The lack of explicit user's approval for each application update, however, may lead to significant risks for the end user, as the new release may include new subtle behaviors which may be privacy-invasive. The introduction of permission groups in the Android permission model makes this problem even worse: if a user gives a single permission within a group, the application can silently request further permissions in this group with each update---without having to ask the user. In this paper, we explain the threat that permission groups may pose for the privacy of Android users. We run an empirical study on 2,865,553 app releases, and we show that in a representative app store more than ~17% of apps request at least once in their lifetime new dangerous permissions that the operating system grants without any user's approval. Our analyses show that apps actually use over 56% of such automatically granted permissions, although most of their descriptions do not explicitly explain for what purposes. Finally, our manual inspection reveals clear abuses of apps that leak sensitive data such as user's accurate location, list of contacts, history of phone calls, and emails which are protected by permissions that the user never explicitly acknowledges.
The Nature of the Compton-thick X-ray Reprocessor in NGC 4945
Creators: name: Yaqoob, Tahir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an exhaustive methodology for fitting Compton-thick X-ray reprocessor models to obscured AGNs and for interpreting the results. We focus on the MYTORUS model but also utilize other models. We apply the techniques to Suzaku, BeppoSAX, and Swift BAT spectra of the Sy 2 galaxy NGC 4945, but the methods are applicable to other AGNs including Compton-thin sources. The models overcome a major restriction of disk-reflection models, namely the assumption of an infinite column density. Finite column-density models produce a richer variety of spectral shapes and characteristics, even for Compton-thin AGNs. Although NGC 4945 is one of the brightest AGNs above 10 keV, the models span nearly a factor of 3 in column density (~2 to 6 x 10^{24} cm^{-2}) and 2 orders of magnitude in the intrinsic 2-195 keV luminosity. Models in which the continuum above 10 keV is dominated by the direct (unscattered) continuum or Compton-scattered continuum give the highest and lowest intrinsic luminosities respectively. Variability properties favor solutions in which the unscattered continuum dominates above 10 keV. The data require that the Compton-scattered continuum and Fe Kalpha line emission come predominantly from the illuminated surfaces of the X-ray reprocessor, implying a clumpy medium with a global covering factor that is small enough that the Compton-scattered continuum does not dominate the spectrum above 10 keV. This can be identified with the ~30 pc region spatially resolved by Chandra. The implied intrinsic bolometric luminosity is close to, or greater than, the Eddington luminosity. However, a strongly beamed AGN embedded in a shell of Compton-thick (but clumpy) matter requires less fine-tuning of the covering factor. Beaming is consistent with recent radio and Fermi results. Such beamed Compton-thick AGNs would be preferentially selected in surveys over unbeamed Compton-thick AGNs.
description: Accepted for publication by MNRAS, 42 pages, 17 figures, 8 tables. Abstract is abridged. Revised version: minor typographical and other corrections
title: Supplementary_Table1_Table2
Creators: name: Jonassen, Inge
name: Goksøyr, Anders
name: Zhang, Xiaokang
name: Eide, Marta
name: Karlsen, Odd André
Publisher: name: FAIRDOMHub
Year: 2020

description: Supplementary Table1 and Table2 for manuscript "The chemical defensome of fish"
Dispersion of the dielectric permittivity of dense and ultracold atomic gases
Creators: name: Fofanov, Ya. A.
name: Kuraptsev, A. S.
name: Sokolov, I. M.
name: Havey, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of general theoretical results developed previously in JETP 112, 246 (2011) we analyze the atomic polarization created by weak monochromatic light in an optically thick, dense and cold atomic ensemble. We show that the amplitude of the polarization averaged over a uniform random atomic distribution decreases exponentially beyond the boundary regions. The phase of this polarization increases linearly with increasing penetration into the medium. On these grounds, we determine numerically the wavelength of the light in the dense atomic medium, its extinction coefficient, and the complex refractive index and dielectric constant of the medium. The dispersion of the permittivity is investigated for different atomic densities. It is shown that for dense clouds, the real part of the permittivity is negative in some spectral domains.
description: 1. Paper is to appear in Physical Review A. 2. Refer also to JETP 112, 246 (2011)
Synthesis and Thermodynamics of Tapered Optical Nanofibers
Creators: name: Anderson, Paul
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: nanofiber
subject: thermodynamics
subject: heterodyne
subject: Quantum optics
subject: Physics
subject: Physics--Atomic
subject: Optics

description: This thesis pertains to the synthesis and use of tapered nanofibers (TNF) in quantum optics experiments. TNFs are optical fibers which contain a region radially tapering down to a submicron diameter. The key feature of such fibers is that a significant portion of an internally propagating electromagnetic field is just outside the fiber in the form of an evanescent field. TNFs are used to substantially improve light-matter interactions by providing a constant small focus of light along millimeters or centimeters of length. Here we report the successful synthesis of a low-loss TNF of custom geometry both theoretically and experimentally. Additionally, we study the thermodynamics of such fibers, demonstrating the ability to measure their temperature resulting from a coupled laser. Finally, we demonstrate the ability to recover lost transmission, due to atoms adsorbed on the fiber's surface. We conclude with an outlook on future experiments with TNFs.