cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Competitive nucleation in reversible Probabilistic Cellular Automata
Creators: name: Cirillo, Emilio N. M.
name: Spitoni, Cristian
name: Nardi, Francesca R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of competitive nucleation in the framework of Probabilistic Cellular Automata is studied from the dynamical point of view. The dependence of the metastability scenario on the self--interaction is discussed. An intermediate metastable phase, made of two flip--flopping chessboard configurations, shows up depending on the ratio between the magnetic field and the self--interaction. A behavior similar to the one of the stochastic Blume--Capel model with Glauber dynamics is found.
Does Time-Symmetry Imply Retrocausality? How the Quantum World Says "Maybe"
Creators: name: Price, Huw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has often been suggested that retrocausality offers a solution to some of the puzzles of quantum mechanics: e.g., that it allows a Lorentz-invariant explanation of Bell correlations, and other manifestations of quantum nonlocality, without action-at-a-distance. Some writers have argued that time-symmetry counts in favour of such a view, in the sense that retrocausality would be a natural consequence of a truly time-symmetric theory of the quantum world. Critics object that there is complete time-symmetry in classical physics, and yet no apparent retrocausality. Why should the quantum world be any different? This note throws some new light on these matters. I call attention to a respect in which quantum mechanics is different, under some assumptions about quantum ontology. Under these assumptions, the combination of time-symmetry without retrocausality is unavailable in quantum mechanics, for reasons intimately connected with the differences between classical and quantum physics (especially the role of discreteness in the latter). Not all interpretations of quantum mechanics share these assumptions, however, and in those that do not, time-symmetry does not entail retrocausality.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures; significant revisions
On the early development of aspect in Greek and Russian child language, a comparative analysis
Creators: name: Stephany, Ursula
name: Voeikova, Maria
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2003

description: The category of aspect is grammaticized in both Greek and Russian opposing perfective and imperfective verb forms in all inflectional categories except the nonpast (‘present’). Despite these similarities there are important differences in the way the aspectual systems function in the two languages. While in Greek nearly all verbs oppose a perfective to a given imperfective grammatical form, Russian aspect is more strongly lexicalized with pairs of imperfective and perfective lexemes not only differing aspectually, but also as far as their lexical meanings are concerned. This is especially true of perfective verbs formed by prefixes as compared to their imperfective bases. Thus, in pairs of prefixed and unprefixed dynamic verbs, the derived prefixed (perfective) member has a telic meaning while its unprefixed (imperfective) counterpart is atelic (e.g. sjest’ (PFV) ‘to eat up’ vs. jest’ (IPF) ‘to eat’). Such derived perfective verbs may in turn be “secondarily” imperfectivized by suffixation furnishing the only “true” perfective/imperfective pairs of verbs (e.g. sjest’ (PFV) ‘to eat up’ vs. sjedat’ (IPF) ‘to eat up’ (iterative)). “Secondary” imperfectives do not occur in our child data. In this pilot study, we will analyze the tense-aspect-mood forms of the 20 most frequent verbs with equivalent meanings occurring in the longitudinal audiotaped data of a Greek and a Russian boy between 2;1 and 2;3 (their entire lexical inventories comprise approx. 100 verbs each). We adopt a constructivist perspective on the development of aspect in Greek and Russian child language and will show that in spite of a broad inventory of imperfective and perfective verb forms to be found in the speech of both children aspect has not yet developed into a generalized grammatical category, but is strongly dependent on aktionsart (stative/dynamic, telic/atelic) in both languages. While this results in a strong preference for perfective verb forms of telic verbs and of imperfective forms of atelic ones in the speech of the Greek boy, the Russian child tends to use the unmarked members.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 29 (2003): Acquisition of aspect
Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission VI. CoRoT-Exo-3b: The first secure inhabitant of the brown-dwarf desert
Creators: name: Deleuil, M.
name: Deeg, H. J.
name: Alonso, R.
name: Bouchy, F.
name: Rouan, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The CoRoT space mission routinely provides high-precision photometric measurements of thousands of stars that have been continuously observed for months. Aims. The discovery and characterization of the first very massive transiting planetary companion with a short orbital period is reported. Methods. A series of 34 transits was detected in the CoRoT light curve of an F3V star, observed from May to October 2007 for 152 days. The radius was accurately determined and the mass derived for this new transiting, thanks to the combined analysis of the light curve and complementary ground-based observations: high-precision radial-velocity measurements, on-off photometry, and high signal-to-noise spectroscopic observations. Results. CoRoT-Exo-3b has a radius of 1.01+-0.07 RJup and transits around its F3-type primary every 4.26 days in a synchronous orbit. Its mass of 21.66+-1.0 MJup, density of 26.4+-5.6 g cm^-3, and surface gravity of log g = 4.72 clearly distinguish it from the regular close-in planet population, making it the most intriguing transiting substellar object discovered so far. Conclusions. With the current data, the nature of CoRoT-Exo-3b is ambiguous, as it could either be a low-mass brown-dwarf or a member of a new class of "superplanets". Its discovery may help constrain the evolution of close-in planets and brown-dwarfs better. Finally, CoRoT-Exo-3b confirms the trend that massive transiting giant planets (M >= 4 MJup) are found preferentially around more massive stars than the Sun.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures, accepted for A&A
acquisition of tense-aspect morphology and the regular-irregular debate
Creators: name: Shirai, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2003

description: This paper reviews research on English past-tense acquisition to test the validity of the single mechanism model and the dual mechanism model, focusing on regular-irregular dissociation and semantic bias. Based on the review, it is suggested that in L1 acquisition, both regular and irregular verbs are governed by semantics; that is, early use of past tense forms are restricted to achievement verbs—regular or irregular. In contrast, some L2 acquisition studies show stronger semantic bias for regular past tense forms (e.g., Housen, 2002, Rohde, 1996). It is argued that L1 acquisition of the past-tense morphology can be accounted for more adequately by the single-mechanism model.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 29 (2003): Acquisition of aspect
Bers' constants for punctured spheres and hyperelliptic surfaces
Creators: name: Balacheff, Florent
name: Parlier, Hugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This article is dedicated to prove Buser's conjecture about Bers' constants for spheres with cusps (or marked points) and for hyperelliptic surfaces. More specifically, our main theorem states that any hyperbolic sphere with $n$ cusps has a pants decomposition with all of its geodesics of length bounded by a constant roughly square root of $n$. Other results include lower and upper bounds for Bers' constants for hyperelliptic surfaces and spheres with boundary geodesics.
description: 21 pages, 1 figure
Thomson scattering from high-temperature high-density plasmas revisited
Creators: name: Zheng, Jian
name: Yu, C. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theory of Thomson scattering from high-temperature high-density plasmas is revisited from the view point of plasma fluctuation theory. Three subtle effects are addressed with a unified theory. The first is the correction of the first order of $v/c$, where $v$ is the particle velocity and $c$ is the light speed, the second is the plasma dielectric effect, and the third is the finite scattering volume effect. When the plasma density is high, the first effect is very significant in inferring plasma parameters from the scattering spectra off electron plasma waves. The second is also be notable but less significant. When the size of the scattering volume is much larger than the probe wavelength, the third is negligible.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion
use of aspect in Czech L2
Creators: name: Schmiedtová, Barbara
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2003

description: The focus of the present paper is on the difference between English and German learners‘ use of perfectivity and imperfectivity. The latter is expressed by means of suffixation (suffix -va-). In contrast, perfectivity is encoded either by suffixation (-nou-) or by prefixation (twenty different prefixes that mostly modify not only aspectual but also lexical properties of the verb). In the native Czech data set, there is no significant difference between the number of imperfectively and perfectively marked verb forms. In the English data, imperfectively and perfectively marked verb forms are equally represented as well. However, German learners use significantly more perfective forms than English learners and Czech natives. When encoding perfectivity in Czech, German learners prefer to use prefixes to suffixes. Overall, English learners in comparison to German learners encode more perfectives by means of suffixation than prefixation. These results suggest that German learners of Czech focus on prefixes expressing aspectual and lexical modification of the verb, while English learners rather pay attention to the aspectual opposition between perfective and imperfective. In a more abstract way, the German learner group focuses on the operations carried out on the left side from the verb stem while the English learner group concentrates on the operations performed on the right side qfrom the verb stem. This sensitivity can be to certain degree motivated by the linguistic devices of the corresponding source languages: English learners of Czech use imperfectives mainly because English has marked fully grammatical form for the expression of imperfective aspect – the progressive -ing form. German learners, on the other hand, pay in Czech more attention to the prefixes, which like in German modify the lexical meaning of the verb. In this manner, Czech prefixes used for perfectivization function similar to the German verbal prefixes (such as ab-, ver-) modifying Aktionsart.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 29 (2003): Acquisition of aspect
Electromagnetic structure of the lowest-lying decuplet resonances in covariant chiral perturbation theory
Creators: name: Geng, L. S.
name: Camalich, J. Martin
name: Vacas, M. J. Vicente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a calculation of the leading SU(3)-breaking $\mathcal{O}(p^3)$-corrections to the electromagnetic moments and charge radius (CR) of the lowest-lying decuplet resonances in covariant chiral perturbation theory. In particular, the magnetic dipole moment (MDM) of the members of the decuplet is predicted fixing the only low-energy constant (LEC) present up to this order with the well measured MDM of the $Ω^-$. We predict $μ_Δ^{++}=6.04(13)$ and $μ_Δ^+=2.84(2)$ which agree well with the current experimental information. For the electric quadrupole moment (EQM) and the CR we use state-of-the-art lattice QCD results to determine the corresponding LECs, whereas for the magnetic octupole moment (MOM) there is no unknown LEC up to the order considered here and we obtain a pure prediction. We compare our results with those reported in large $N_c$, lattice QCD, heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory and other models.
description: 10 pages, 1 fig
Comparison of some purities, flatnesses and injectivities
Creators: name: Al-Kawarit, Walid
name: Couchot, Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we compare $(n,m)$-purities for different pairs of positive integers $(n,m)$. When $R$ is a commutative ring, these purities are not equivalent if $R$ doesn't satisfy the following property: there exists a positive integer $p$ such that, for each maximal ideal $P$, every finitely generated ideal of $R_P$ is $p$-generated. When this property holds, then the $(n,m)$-purity and the $(n,m')$-purity are equivalent if $m$ and $m'$ are integers $\geq np$. These results are obtained by a generalization of Warfield's methods. There are also some interesting results when $R$ is a semiperfect strongly $π$-regular ring. We also compare $(n,m)$-flatnesses and $(n,m)$-injectivities for different pairs of positive integers $(n,m)$. In particular, if $R$ is right perfect and right self $(\aleph_0,1)$-injective, then each $(1,1)$-flat right $R$-module is projective. In several cases, for each positive integer $p$, all $(n,p)$-flatnesses are equivalent. But there are some examples where the $(1,p)$-flatness is not equivalent to the $(1,p+1)$-flatness.
Effects of semantic and syntactic complexities and aspectual class on past tense production
Creators: name: Matsuo, Ayumi
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2003

description: This paper reports results from a series of experiments that investigated whether semantic and/or syntactic complexity influences young Dutch children’s production of past tense forms. The constructions used in the three experiments were (i) simple sentences (the Simple Sentence Experiment), (ii) complex sentences with CP complements (the Complement Clause Experiment) and (iii) complex sentences with relative clauses (the Relative Clause Experiment). The stimuli involved both atelic and telic predicates. The goal of this paper is to address the following questions. Q1. Does semantic complexity regarding temporal anchoring influence the types of errors that children make in the experiments? For example, do children make certain types of errors when a past tense has to be anchored to the Utterance Time (UT), as compared to when it has to be anchored to the matrix topic time (TT)? Q2. Do different syntactic positions influence children’s performance on past-tense production? Do children perform better in the Simple Sentence Experiment compared to complex sentences involving two finite clauses (the Complement Clause Experiment and the Relative Clause Experiment)? In complex sentence trials, do children perform differently when the CPs are complements vs. when the CPs are adjunct clauses? (Lebeaux 1990, 2000) Q3. Do Dutch children make more errors with certain types of predicate (such as atelic predicates)? Alternatively, do children produce a certain type of error with a certain type of predicates (such as producing a perfect aspect with punctual predicates)? Bronckart and Sinclair (1973), for example, found that until the age of 6, French children showed a tendency to use passé composé with perfective events and simple present with imperfective events; we will investigate whether or not the equivalent of this is observed in Dutch.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 29 (2003): Acquisition of aspect
From time series to complex networks: the visibility graph
Creators: name: Lacasa, Lucas
name: Luque, Bartolo
name: Ballesteros, Fernando
name: Luque, Jordi
name: Nuno, Juan Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we present a simple and fast computational method, the visibility algorithm, that converts a time series into a graph. The constructed graph inherits several properties of the series in its structure. Thereby, periodic series convert into regular graphs, and random series do so into random graphs. Moreover, fractal series convert into scale-free networks, enhancing the fact that power law degree distributions are related to fractality, something highly discussed recently. Some remarkable examples and analytical tools are outlined in order to test the method's reliability. Many different measures, recently developed in the complex network theory, could by means of this new approach characterize time series from a new point of view.
Acquisition of aspect and aktionsart by children in Croatian and French
Creators: name: Martinot, Claire
name: Andel, Maja
name: Kumar, Sunil
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2003

description: Our results indicate some differences in the use of aspect between French and Croatian speaking children. In Croatian language children always manage to keep the appropriate aspect, unlike French children. However, the imperfective aspect seems to be better acquired in French children than the perfective aspect. The perfective aspect, the marked form both in French as well as in Croatian, is related to the lexical meaning of the verbs. The acquisition of the Aktionsart in both languages seems to be more a matter of semantics than of morphology. Furthermore, our data suggest the existence of a specific developmental trend in the use of Aktionsart (intensive, iterative and inchoative), which is similar for children speaking Slavic and Romanic languages.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 29 (2003): Acquisition of aspect
What particle verbs have to do with grammatical aspect in early child English
Creators: name: Jeschull, Liane
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2003

description: The current study investigates the relation between aspect and particle verbs in the acquisition of English. Its purpose is to determine whether children associate telicity, as argued in previous studies, or rather perfectivity, which entails completion of a telic situation, with their early particle verb use. The study analyzes naturalistic data of four monolingual children between 1;6 and 3;8 from CHILDES acquiring English as their first language. On the one hand, it finds that children use both –ed and irregular perfective morphology with simplex verbs before particle verbs. They further use imperfective before perfective morphology with particle verbs. These findings suggest that there is no correlation between telic particle verbs and perfective morphology, as would have been predicted on an account which claims that lexical aspect of predicates guides the acquisition of grammatical aspect (Olsen & Weinberg 1999). On the other hand, the study finds that the children’s particle verbs denote telic situations from early on, but not half of them were used to refer to situations that are also completed. This finding questions analyses which claim that, at an initial stage, children will only interpret predicates as telic if they refer to situations that are at the same time completed. Completion information is not necessary for children in order to use particle verbs correctly for telic situations, as would have been predicted on an extended account along the lines of Wagner (2001). As a conclusion, it is suggested that the divergent findings result from a difference in methodology. While restrictions of perfective and imperfective morphology to particular classes of lexical aspect pertain to the production of grammatical aspect morphology, perfective and imperfective viewpoints on situations pertain to the level of interpretation of telic and atelic situations.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 29 (2003): Acquisition of aspect
acquisition of Spanish perfective aspect: a study on children's production and comprehension
Creators: name: Hodgson, Miren
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2003

description: This paper presents the acquisition of Spanish perfective aspect in production and comprehension. It argues that, although young children use perfective aspect to talk about completed events, young children have difficulty in assessing perfective meaning from perfective morphology. This paper proposes that in the process of acquiring aspectual meaning, children use local strategies to decode aspectual meaning from form: when analyzing a completed situation, young children depend on certain learnability factors to correctly assess the entailment of completion of the perfective, namely, their ability to determine if the object of the event measures out the event as a whole or not, and their ability to read the agent’s intentions. When those factors are removed from the situation, young children had difficulty determining the entailment of completion of perfective aspect. This study also suggests that the manner in which aspectual information is conveyed in a language, may play a role on the readiness of the acquisition of the semantic morphology of the language (e.g., verb+object vs. verb+affixes). The results of this study indicate that successful performance on the semantics of Spanish perfective aspect develops around the age of 5-6.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 29 (2003): Acquisition of aspect
Why swimming is just as difficult as dying for Japanese learners of English
Creators: name: Gabriele, Alison
name: Martohardjono, Gita
name: McClure, William
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2003

description: While both Japanese and English have a grammatic al form denoting the progressive, the two forms (te-iru & be+ing) interact differently with the inherent semantics of the verb to which they attach (Kindaichi, 1950; McClure, 1995; Shirai, 2000). Japanese change of state verbs are incompatible with a progressive interpretation, allowing only a resultative interpretation of V+ te-iru, while a progressive interpretation is preferred for activity predicates. English be+ing denotes a progressive interpretation regardless of the lexical semantics of the verb. The question that arises is how we can account for the fact that change of state verbs like dying can denote a progressive interpretation in English, but not in Japanese. While researchers such as Kageyama (1996) and Ogihara (1998, 1999) propose that the difference lies in the lexical semantics of the verbs themselves, others such as McClure (1995) have argued that the difference lies in the semantics of the grammatical forms, be+ing and te-iru. We present results from an experimental study of Japanese learners’ interpretation of the English progressive which provide support for McClure’s proposal. Results indicate that independent of verb type, learners had significantly more difficulty with the past progressive. We argue that knowledge of L2 semantics-syntax correspondences proceeds not on the basis of L1 lexical semantic knowledge, but on the basis of grammatical forms.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 29 (2003): Acquisition of aspect
Testing the aspect first hypothesis: a preliminary investigation into the comprehension of tense in child Greek
Creators: name: Delidaki, Sophia
name: Varlokosta, Spyridoula
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2003

description: Crosslinguistic research on the production of tense morphology in child language has shown that young children use past or perfective forms mainly with telic predicates and present or imperfective forms mainly with atelic predicates. However, this pattern, which has come to be known as the Aspect First Hypothesis, has been challenged in a number of comprehension studies. These studies suggest that children do not rely on aspectual information for their interpretation of tense morphology. The present paper tests the validity of the Aspect First Hypothesis in child Greek by investigating Greek-speaking children’s early comprehension of present, past and future tense morphology as well as the role that lexical aspect plays in the early use of tense morphology. It is suggested that although Greek-speaking children have not yet fully mapped the tense concepts to the correct tense morphology, tense acquisition does not seem to be significantly affected by the aspectual characteristics (i.e. the telicity) of the verb.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 29 (2003): Acquisition of aspect
On the acquisition of statives in child Russian
Creators: name: Brun, Dina
name: Babyonyshev, Maria
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2003

description: It has been previously reported that in languages demonstrating the Root Infinitive (RI) Stage the use of RIs is characterized by two properties: these forms are overwhelmingly eventive and have, in the majority of instances, a modal interpretation. Hoekstra and Hyams (1998, 1999) have proposed a theory stating that these two properties of RIs are co-dependent in that the application of the modal reference restriction limits the use of the aspectual verbal classes to eventive predicates. Furthermore, this theory assumed that the described mutual dependency of these constraints was valid cross-linguistically. In this paper, we investigate the application of this theory to the case of RIs in Russian, one of the languages exhibiting the RI Stage. Using new longitudinal data from two monolingual Russian-speaking children, we demonstrate that the predictions of Hoekstra and Hyams’ approach are not realized for Russian child speech. While the constraint requiring that Ris have a modal reference does not seem to apply in Russian since the infinitival forms do receive past and present tense interpretation, these predicates are still overwhelmingly eventive and stative predicates appear mostly as finite verbs. Having shown that a theory connecting the application of the two restrictions on RIs does not account for the Russian data, we examine several alternative analyses of Russian RIs. We arrive at a conclusion that an explanation based on the lack of the event variable in stative predicates (Kratzer 1989) necessary for the interpretation of RIs in discourse (Avrutin 1997) succeeds in handling the Russian data presented in this article.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 29 (2003): Acquisition of aspect
Extreme vortex pinning in the non-centrosymmetric superconductor CePt$_{3}$Si
Creators: name: Miclea, C. F.
name: Mota, A. C.
name: Nicklas, M.
name: Cardoso, R.
name: Steglich, F.
name: Sigrist, M.
name: Prokofiev, A.
name: Bauer, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the vortex dynamics of a single crystal of the non-centrosymmetric heavy-fermion superconductor CePt$_{3}$Si. Decays of the remnant magnetization display a clean logarithmic time dependence with rates that follow the temperature dependence expected from the Kim-Anderson theory. The creep rates are lower than observed in any other centrosymmetric superconductor and are not caused by high critical currents. On the contrary, the critical current in CePt$_{3}$Si is considerably lower than in other superconductors with strong vortex pinning indicating that an alternative impediment on the flux line motion might be at work in this superconductor.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Marked uses of tense/aspect morphology and situation type
Creators: name: Boland, Annerieke
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2003

description: In this study explanations are sought for the often reported associations in child language between tense/aspect morphology and situation type. The study is done on the basis of adult-adult data, child language and input language to the children. First of all it is shown that the associations are natural, since they are strong in adult-adult English as well. Only in the early stages does child language differ from this distribution, in that the associations are either stronger or different. Input data appear to account to a large extent for these differing patterns. An additional explanation is found in the discourse topics: within the context of talking about the here-and-now, the combinations of morphology and situation type that can be seen as unmarked suffice. In the context of talking about past events and of giving general comments about the world, marked combinations are necessary. It is shown that children in and their parents at the early ages mainly talk about the here-and-now, whereas adults among themselves hardly ever do so. Later, describing past events and commenting on the world becomes more frequent in child language and input, and, as a consequence, marked combinations of tense/aspect morphology and situation types increase in use.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 29 (2003): Acquisition of aspect
Metastability for reversible probabilistic cellular automata with self--interaction
Creators: name: Cirillo, Emilio N. M.
name: Spitoni, Cristian
name: Nardi, Francesca R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of metastability for a stochastic dynamics with a parallel updating rule is addressed in the Freidlin--Wentzel regime, namely, finite volume, small magnetic field, and small temperature. The model is characterized by the existence of many fixed points and cyclic pairs of the zero temperature dynamics, in which the system can be trapped in its way to the stable phase. %The characterization of the metastable behavior %of a system in the context of parallel dynamics is a very difficult task, %since all the jumps in the configuration space are allowed. Our strategy is based on recent powerful approaches, not needing a complete description of the fixed points of the dynamics, but relying on few model dependent results. We compute the exit time, in the sense of logarithmic equivalence, and characterize the critical droplet that is necessarily visited by the system during its excursion from the metastable to the stable state. We need to supply two model dependent inputs: (1) the communication energy, that is the minimal energy barrier that the system must overcome to reach the stable state starting from the metastable one; (2) a recurrence property stating that for any configuration different from the metastable state there exists a path, starting from such a configuration and reaching a lower energy state, such that its maximal energy is lower than the communication energy.
Aspectual interpretation of early verb forms in German
Creators: name: Bittner, Dagmar
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2003

description: In the present paper, I will argue that even in a language like German, where the verb system does not contain a grammaticized aspect distinction, aspectual features do underlie the early form-function-mapping of verb forms in L1-acquisition. Furthermore, it will be argued that it is not only past tense forms that may receive an aspectual interpretation in early child language but also other forms of the verbal input. In the case of German, these are the forms of the present tense paradigm and the past participle. Showing and discussing various piecesof evidence for this assumption should strengthen the "aspect before tense" or "primacy of aspect" hypothesis. In general, the paper aims at a deeper understanding of the hierarchical relation between tense and aspect whereby aspect is the basic category and, therefore, aspectual features are the inevitable starting point of the acquisition of grammar.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 29 (2003): Acquisition of aspect
混沌磁场理论下的暗物质研究.pdf
Creators: name: 林 杨
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Extragalactic Astronomy
subject: Cosmology
subject: 20104 Galactic Astronomy
subject: Interstellar and Intergalactic Matter

description: 暗物质（ Dark物质）是理论上提出的可能存在于宇宙中的一种不可见的物质，它可能是宇宙物质的主要组成部分，但又不属于构成可见天体的任何一种已知的物质。大量天文学观察中发现的疑似违反牛顿万有引力的现象，可以在假设暗物质存在的导致下得到很好的解释。提出了“暗物质”可能存在的是天文学家卡普坦，他于1922年提出可以通过星体系统1932年，天文学家奥尔特对太阳系附近星体运动进行了暗物质研究。而替代了暗物质存在的确凿的。1933年，天体物理学家。兹威基利用光谱红移测量了后发座星系团中各个星系相对于星系团的运动速度。利用位力定理，他发现星系团中星系的速度弥散度太高，仅靠星系团中可见星系的质量产生的引力是无法将其束缚在星系团内部的，因此星系团中应该存在大量的暗物质，其质量为可见星系的至少百倍以上。
本篇研究论文是利用通过三元平衡定律下推导出的混沌磁场理论，展开对暗物质的研究。主要通过混沌磁场理论中，相对于绝对静止空间的运动，会产生相对应磁场，相对应磁场可以利用这种天体运动时产生的相互间的磁场力，来解释星系团中星系的速度弥散度太高的问题，然后通过一些推论，来论证暗物质是否存在的问题。
Rare B decays with moving NRQCD and improved staggered quarks
Creators: name: Meinel, Stefan
name: Müller, Eike H.
name: Khomskii, Lew
name: Hart, Alistair
name: Horgan, Ronald R.
name: Wingate, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate form factors relevant for rare B decays using moving-NRQCD for the b quark and the AsqTad action for the light quarks. Moving NRQCD allows us to work directly with the physical b quark mass and go to higher recoil momentum compared to standard NRQCD. Here, we show first results for the matrix elements and the operator matching coefficients. Some difficulties and possible ways of improvement are discussed.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures, Talk presented at the XXVI International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 14-19, 2008, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
Acquisition of aspect
Creators: name: Bittner, Dagmar
name: Gagarina, Natalia
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2003

description: This 29th volume of the ZAS-Papers in Linguistics presents a collection of papers which are based on talks given at the "Conference on the Acquisition of Aspect". The conference took place at ZAS on the 9th and 10th of May 2003.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 29 (2003): Acquisition of aspect
Asymmetries in speech errors and their implications for underspecification
Creators: name: Pouplier, Marianne
name: Goldstein, Louis
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2002

description: This paper follows a new perspective on speech errors within the framework of Articulatory Phonology, as proposed by Goldstein et al. (in prep.). On the basis of kinematic evidence, their work has demonstrated that speech errors are not restricted to categorical exchanges of position of segmental units, but rather gestures that compose segments can exhibit errors that vary from zero to maximal in magnitude. Here we report results from two perceptual experiments which use stimuli selected on the basis of their articulatory properties only, covering a range of errorful gestural activations. The outcome of the perceptual experiments suggests that different segments show different degrees of vulnerability to (subsegmental) speech errors: While listeners detected errors reliably for some segments, for other segments the reaction to errorful and non-errorful tokens was not distinct. The data suggest that at least for some error types an asymmetric error distribution arises due to perception, while production itself is not asymmetric. However, for error types involving segments whose gestural compositions stand in a subset relationship to each other (as described below), asymmetries may indeed originate in production due to the overall dominance of a gestural intrusion bias observed in the production data of Goldstein et al. (in prep.).
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 28 (2002): Papers on phonetics and phonology: the articulation, acoustics and perception of consonants
weight of phonetic substance in the structure of sound inventories
Creators: name: Vallée, Nathalie
name: Boë, Louis-Jean
name: Schwartz, Jean-Luc
name: Badin, Pierre
name: Abry, Christian
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2002

description: In the research field initiated by Lindblom & Liljencrants in 1972, we illustrate the possibility of giving substance to phonology, predicting the structure of phonological systems with nonphonological principles, be they listener-oriented (perceptual contrast and stability) or speaker-oriented (articulatory contrast and economy). We proposed for vowel systems the Dispersion-Focalisation Theory (Schwartz et al., 1997b). With the DFT, we can predict vowel systems using two competing perceptual constraints weighted with two parameters, respectively λ and α. The first one aims at increasing auditory distances between vowel spectra (dispersion), the second one aims at increasing the perceptual salience of each spectrum through formant proximities (focalisation). We also introduced new variants based on research in physics - namely, phase space (λ,α) and polymorphism of a given phase, or superstructures in phonological organisations (Vallée et al., 1999) which allow us to generate 85.6% of 342 UPSID systems from 3- to 7-vowel qualities. No similar theory for consonants seems to exist yet. Therefore we present in detail a typology of consonants, and then suggest ways to explain plosive vs. fricative and voiceless vs. voiced consonants predominances by i) comparing them with language acquisition data at the babbling stage and looking at the capacity to acquire relatively different linguistic systems in relation with the main degrees of freedom of the articulators; ii) showing that the places “preferred” for each manner are at least partly conditioned by the morphological constraints that facilitate or complicate, make possible or impossible the needed articulatory gestures, e.g. the complexity of the articulatory control for voicing and the aerodynamics of fricatives. A rather strict coordination between the glottis and the oral constriction is needed to produce acceptable voiced fricatives (Mawass et al., 2000). We determine that the region where the combinations of Ag (glottal area) and Ac (constriction area) values results in a balance between the voice and noise components is indeed very narrow. We thus demonstrate that some of the main tendencies in the phonological vowel and consonant structures of the world’s languages can be explained partly by sensorimotor constraints, and argue that actually phonology can take part in a theory of Perception-for-Action-Control.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 28 (2002): Papers on phonetics and phonology: the articulation, acoustics and perception of consonants
phonetics and phonology of some syllabic consonants in southern British English
Creators: name: Toft, Zoë
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2002

description: This article presents new experimental data on the phonetics of syllabic /l/ and syllabic /n/ in Southern British English and then proposes a new phonological account of their behaviour. Previous analyses (Chomsky and Halle 1968:354, Gimson 1989, Gussmann 1991 and Wells 1995) have proposed that syllabic /l/ and syllabic /n/ should be analysed in a uniform manner. Data presented here, however, shows that syllabic /l/ and syllabic /n/ behave in very different ways, and in light of this, a unitary analysis is not justified. Instead, a proposal is made that syllabic /l/ and syllabic /n/ have different phonological structures, and that these different phonological structures explain their different phonetic behaviours. This article is organised as follows: First a general background is given to the phenomenon of syllabic consonants both cross linguistically and specifically in Southern British English. In §3 a set of experiments designed to elicit syllabic consonants are described and in §4 the results of these experiments are presented. §5 contains a discussion on data published by earlier authors concerning syllabic consonants in English. In §6 a theoretical phonological framework is set out, and in §7 the results of the experiments are analysed in the light of this framework. In the concluding section, some outstanding issues are addressed and several areas for further research are suggested.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 28 (2002): Papers on phonetics and phonology: the articulation, acoustics and perception of consonants
Words without vowels: phonetic and phonological evidence from Tashlhiyt Berber
Creators: name: Ridouane, Rachid
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2002

description: This article deals with the Tashlhiyt dialect of Berber (henceforth TB) spoken in the southern part of Morocco. In TB, words may consist entirely of consonants without vowels and sometimes of only voiceless obstruents, e.g. tft#tstt "you rolled it (fem)". In this study we have carried out acoustic, video-endoscopic and phonological analyses to answer the following question: is schwa, which may function as syllabic, a segment at the level of phonetic representations in TB? Video-endoscopic films were made of one male native speaker of TB, producing a list of forms consisting entirely of voiceless obstruents. The same list was produced by 7 male native speakers of TB for the acoustic analysis. The phonological analysis is based on the behaviour of vowels with respect to the phonological rule of assibilation. This study shows the absence of schwa vowels in forms consisting of voiceless obstruents.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 28 (2002): Papers on phonetics and phonology: the articulation, acoustics and perception of consonants
Patterns of jaw coarticulatory direction and linguomandibular coordination in VCV sequences
Creators: name: Recasens, Daniel
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2002

description: Data on lingual movement, dorsopalatal contact and F2 frequency presented in previous papers of ours (Recasens, 2002; Recasens and Pallarès, 2001; Recasens, Pallarès and Fontdevila, 1997) suggest that the degree of articulatory constraint (DAC) model accounts to a large extent for the extent and direction of tongue dorsum coarticulation in VCV and CC sequences. A goal of this investigation is to verify the predictions of this model with respect to jaw V-to-V effects in VCV sequences using articulatory movement data collected with electromagnetic articulometry (EMA).
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 28 (2002): Papers on phonetics and phonology: the articulation, acoustics and perception of consonants
Turkish /h/ deletion: evidence for the interplay of speech perception and phonology
Creators: name: Mielke, Jeff
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2002

description: It has been hypothesized that sounds which are less perceptible are more likely to be altered than more salient sounds, the rationale being that the loss of information resulting from a change in a sound which is difficult to perceive is not as great as the loss resulting from a change in a more salient sound. Kohler (1990) suggested that the tendency to reduce articulatory movements is countered by perceptual and social constraints, finding that fricatives are relatively resistant to reduction in colloquial German. Kohler hypothesized that this is due to the perceptual salience of fricatives, a hypothesis which was supported by the results of a perception experiment by Hura, Lindblom, and Diehl (1992). These studies showed that the relative salience of speech sounds is relevant to explaining phonological behavior. An additional factor is the impact of different acoustic environments on the perceptibility of speech sounds. Steriade (1997) found that voicing contrasts are more common in positions where more cues to voicing are available. The P-map, proposed by Steriade (2001a, b), allows the representation of varying salience of segments in different contexts. Many researchers have posited a relationship between speech perception and phonology. The purpose of this paper is to provide experimental evidence for this relationship, drawing on the case of Turkish /h/ deletion.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 28 (2002): Papers on phonetics and phonology: the articulation, acoustics and perception of consonants
Subphonemic and suballophonic consonant variation: the role of the phoneme inventory
Creators: name: Lavoie, Lisa M.
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2002

description: Consonants exhibit more variation in their phonetic realization than is typically acknowledged, but that variation is linguistically constrained. Acoustic analysis of both read and spontaneous speech reveals that consonants are not necessarily realized with the manner of articulation they would have in careful citation form. Although the variation is wider than one would imagine, it is limited by the phoneme inventory. The phoneme inventory of the language restricts the range of variation to protect the system of phonemic contrast. That is, consonants may stray phonetically into unfilled areas of the language's sound space. Listeners are seldom consciously aware of the consonant variation, and perceive the consonants phonemically as in their citation forms. A better understanding of surface phonetic consonant variation can help make predictions in theoretical domains and advances in applied domains.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 28 (2002): Papers on phonetics and phonology: the articulation, acoustics and perception of consonants
interaction of syllabification and voicing perception in American English
Creators: name: De Jong, Kenneth
name: Nagao, Kyoko
name: Lim, Byung-Jin
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2002

description: The current paper explores these two sorts of phonetic explanations of the relationship between syllabic position and the voicing contrast in American English. It has long been observed that the contrast between, for example, /p/ and /b/ is expressed differently, depending on the position of the stop with respect to the vowel. Preceding a vowel within a syllable, the contrast is largely one of aspiration. /p/ is aspirated, while /b/ is voiceless, or in some dialects voiced or even an implosive. Following a vowel within a syllable, both /p/ and /b/ both tend to lack voicing in the closure and the contrast is expressed largely by dynamic differences in the transition between the previous vowel and the stop. Here, vowel and closure duration are negatively correlated such that the /p/ has a shorter vowel and longer closure duration. This difference is often enhanced by the addition of glottalization to /p/. In addition to these differences, there are additional differences connected to higher-level organization involving stress and feet edges. To make the current discussion more tractable, we will restrict ourselves to the two conditions (CV and VC) laid out above.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 28 (2002): Papers on phonetics and phonology: the articulation, acoustics and perception of consonants