cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Megachile dakotensis Mitchell, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile dakotensis

description: dakotensis Mitchell, new comb.
Megachile dakotensis Mitchell 1926b: 164 ­167. Male. Type locality: Hot Springs, South Dakota [U.S.A.].
Megachile (Xeromegachile) dakotensis Mitchell 1937a: 335 ­337.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
There and Back Again: Mapping and Factorising Cosmological Observables
Creators: name: Stefanyszyn, David
name: Tong, Xi
name: Zhu, Yuhang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological correlators encode invaluable information about the wavefunction of the primordial universe. In this letter we present a duality between correlators and wavefunction coefficients that is valid to all orders in the loop expansion and manifests itself as a $\mathbb{Z}_4$ symmetry. To demonstrate the power of the duality, we derive a correlator-to-correlator factorisation (CCF) formula for the parity-odd part of cosmological correlators that relates $n$-point observables to lower-point ones via a series of diagrammatic cuts. These relations serve as the first example of physically testable cutting rules as they involve observables defined for arbitrary physical kinematics. We further show how the duality allows us to translate the cosmological optical theorem for wavefunction coefficients into statements about cosmological correlators.
description: 11 pages, no figures; v2: 13 pages, no figures
Genetic population structure of vendace (Coregonus albula) in the Gulf of Finland and in adjacent watercourses
Creators: name: Lappalainen, Antti
name: Leinonen, Tuomas
name: Sendek, Dmitry
name: Kuningas, Sanna
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2024

description: Vendace (Coregonus albula) is a freshwater species found in brackish water in the northern Baltic Sea. It has been most abundant in the northernmost part of the Gulf of Bothnia and in the easternmost parts of the Gulf of Finland (GoF), where the stocks have been declining. We assessed the level of genetic diversity and differentiation among the vendace populations in the GoF and adjacent areas. We analysed a total of 385 vendace samples from eight sampling sites. All the samples were genotyped at 17 microsatellite loci. Levels of genetic diversity were generally high within the sampled vendace populations, but the genetic differentiation between the populations was relatively low. The vendace population in the easternmost GoF is genetically close to the freshwater vendace of Lake Ladoga, flowing into the GoF via the Neva River. A previously known local vendace population in Virolahti Bay, on the Finnish coast 150 km west of the mouth of the Neva River, appears to have become extinct during the last 30–40 years. In the Pyhtää archipelago, close to the mouth of the Kymijoki River, there is still a small local vendace population, which is genetically close to the sea-spawning vendace population in the Bothnian Bay. This still genetically viable Pyhtää population evidently carries the genes of a sea- or estuarine-spawning vendace that, based on observations from the previous century, sporadically occurred along the entire Finnish coast. This population is an important part of the local fish biodiversity.
Megachile deflexa Cresson, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile deflexa

description: deflexa Cresson, new comb.
Megachile deflexa Cresson 1878: 125. Male. Type locality: Kansas, [U.S.A.]. Type repository: ANSP 2441.
Megachile (Xeromegachile) deflexa Mitchell 1937a: 332 ­335.
Megachile megagyna Cockerell 1909c: 394 ­395. Female. Type locality: Lee County, Texas [U.S.A.]. Synonymy of Mitchell 1937a: 332.
Megachile indianorum Cockerell 1913a: 533. Male. Type locality: Andmore, Indian Territory [U.S.A.]. Synonymy of Cockerell 1915d: 531.
Megachile (Xeromegachile) coreopsana Mitchell 1934: 319 ­320. Male. Type repository: NCSU. Type locality: Marston, North Carolina [U.S.A.]. Synonymy of Mitchell 1937a: 332.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Megachile dulciana Mitchell, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile dulciana

description: dulciana Mitchell, new comb.
Megachile (Xeromegachile) dulciana Mitchell 1934: 343 ­344. Female. Type locality: San Diego County, California [U.S.A.].
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Benthic communities in relation to environmental factors in small high mountain ponds threatened by air pollutants
Creators: name: Kownacki, A.
name: Dumnicka, E.
name: Kwandrans, J.
name: Galas, J.
name: Ollik, M.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2006

description: Hydrobiological investigations of ponds situated above the timber line in the Tatra Mountains (Poland) were carried out. These water bodies are fed mainly by rainfall and melting snow. Some of them are temporary while others are permanent and show seasonal variations in chemical properties (e.g. pH 4.6–5.0 to 6.8–7.7). The structure of the algal communities differed in particular ponds, depending on the water pH and its seasonal changes. Moreover, there are differences in the composition of the macro-invertebrate communities between particular ponds, but they were not affected by the water acidification occurring mainly during the snow-melting period. The present investigations show that the impact of acid precipitation on biocenoses living in high mountain water bodies (Tatra Mts) is not clearly evident.
Megachile fucata Mitchell, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile fucata

description: fucata Mitchell, new comb.
Megachile (Xeromegachile) fucata Mitchell 1934: 323 ­324. Male. Type locality: San Diego County, California [U.S.A.].
Megachile (Xeromegachile) histrata Mitchell 1934: 334 ­335. Female. Type locality: Alamogordo, New Mexico [U.S.A.]. Synonymy of Hurd 1979: 2063.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Eutrophication, acidification and abundance of Baltic herring larvae in the Vaasa archipelago, Gulf of Bothnia in 1983–1991
Creators: name: Nyman, S.
name: Eklund, J.
name: Kyröläinen, H.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1996

description: Surface water nitrogen and phosphorus concentration, pH and chlorophyll-a content were monitored at 28 stations in the Vaasa archipelago (63°05´N, 21°30´E) in June–August 1983–1991, and pH additionally during the spring runoff maximum. Herring larvae were sampled weekly or biweekly in May–August during the period. High levels of nutrients and chlorophyll-a were found in the innermost archipelago receiving non-point runoff load and municipal sewage load. Elevated nutrient and chlorophyll-a levels extend to the outer border of the archipelago. River water entering the area is acidified by acid sulphate soils, and pH values of 5 or lower were measured in spring each year in runoff and in the innermost bays. The areas affected by acid runoff have low levels of phosphorous and chlorophyll-a. Herring larvae densities were highest in the outer part of the study area, and there was a negative correlation between larval density and the chlorophyll-a content. It was concluded that the entire study area is to some extent eutrophicated by runoff and sewage nutrient load. Recurring acidity limits phytoplankton production in the innermost bays. Acidity or excessive eutrophication may preclude the utilization of the innermost bays for feeding by herring larvae.
Water exchange and mixing in a semi-enclosed coastal basin (Pohja Bay)
Creators: name: Stipa, T.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1999

description: The processes contributing to the deep water renewal and oxygen balance of Pohja Bay are reviewed here, with reference to the extensive experimental material from the years 1990–1993. The observations reveal previously unreported frequent minor inflows of sea water into the bay. A one-dimensional diffusion model is introduced and applied to computation of the diffusion-corrected biological oxygen sink during apparent deep water stagnation periods; the sink is evaluated as 0.06 ± 0.01 mg l–1 d–1. The results are summarized in a conceptual description of the physical processes underlying the estuarine circulation and oxygen balance of the bay.
Megachile gravita Mitchell, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile gravita

description: gravita Mitchell, new comb.
Megachile (Xeromegachile) gravita Mitchell 1934: 322 ­323. Male. Type locality: San Bernardino County, California [U.S.A.].
Megachile (Megachiloides) astata Mitchell 1934: 345 ­346. Female. Type locality: San Bernardino County, California [U.S.A.]. Synonymy of Hurd 1979: 2062.
Megachile (Derotropis) gravita Hurd 1979: 2062.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Abundance and feeding of fish in the coastal zone of the Neva Estuary, eastern Gulf of Finland
Creators: name: Demchuk, A.S.
name: Uspenskiy, A.A.
name: Golubkov, S.M.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2021

description: Fish inhabiting coastal zone are important link between lower and higher trophic levels in its ecosystems. The aim of this study was to provide more information on the composition of coastal fish and the diet of dominant species in the Neva Estuary, one of the largest estuary of the Baltic Sea. The study showed a diverse coastal fish fauna associated with a large variety of biotopes within the estuary. We identified five freshwater fish species belonging to Cyprinidae, and high abundance of three-spined stickleback probably a consequence of high eutrophication in the coastal zone and extensive green tides of macroalgae. Diet analysis shows that zooplankton is an important food for many core fish species (bleak, three-spined stickleback and perch), whereas chironomid larvae were the main food items for benthivorous fish (roach and gudgeon), and low dependency on non-insect zoobethos.
Megachile hilata Mitchell, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile hilata

description: hilata Mitchell, new comb.
Megachile (Xeromegachile) hilata Mitchell 1934: 332 ­333. Female. Type locality: Meeker (6200 ft), Colorado [U.S.A.].
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Effects of nutrient load on species composition and productivity of phytoplankton in Lake Ladoga
Creators: name: Holopainen, A.-L.
name: Letanskaya, G. I.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1999

description: As part of the joint Russian-Finnish evaluation of human impact on Lake Ladoga, we studied the phytoplankton species composition, biomass, chlorophyll a content and primary production in the lake in order to estimate the state of eutrophication. Samples were collected from 9–31 sampling stations in August 1992–95. In the surface water, the phytoplankton biomass varied from 0.3 to 6.6 g m–3 fresh weight, chlorophyll a from 1.7 to 18.6 mg m–3 and the primary productivity of phytoplankton from 33 to 471 mg C m–3 d–1. The biomass was lowest close to the western shore and highest in the Sortavala Bay. Blue-green and green algae were abundant inshore and small cryptophyceans (Rhodomonas lacustris, Cryptomonas spp.) offshore. In the most nutrient-rich parts of Lake Ladoga (Volkhov, Sortavala and Svir bays) the phytoplankton communities were dominated mainly by blue-greens and cryptomonads. Areas close to the Vuoksa and Burnaya rivers were dominated by diatoms (Diatoma tenuis, Asterionella formosa, Tabellaria fenestrata, Aulacoseira italica, A. granulata, Melosira varians, Fragilaria crotonensis, Stephanodiscus binderanus and Synedra actinastroides). In the 1970s and 1980s eutrophication was seen not only as changes in species composition of phytoplankton but also as growing biomass and algal primary productivity. The maximum mean total phosphorus content (26 mg m–3) was attained during the late 1970s when the mean biomass of algae was six times and the maximum values 20 times those in the 1960s. In the 1990s the tendency has been towards decreasing phosphorus content (1992–95 mean 18 mg m–3), but the changes in phytoplankton productivity between years were connected mainly with temperature. On the basis of phytoplankton biomass, chlorophyll a content and primary production, Lake Ladoga can presently be classified as a mesotrophic lake. The most eutrophicated areas are found in the northern archipelago and in areas influenced by large rivers.
New insights into axion freeze-in
Creators: name: Jain, Mudit
name: Maggi, Angelo
name: Ai, Wen-Yuan
name: Marsh, David J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Freeze-in via the axion-photon coupling, $g_{ϕγ}$, can produce axions in the early Universe. At low reheating temperatures close to the minimum allowed value $T_{\rm reh}\approx T_{\rm BBN}\approx 10\,{\rm MeV}$, the abundance peaks for axion masses $m_ϕ\approx T_{\rm reh}$. Such heavy axions are unstable and subsequently decay, leading to strong constraints on $g_{ϕγ}$ from astrophysics and cosmology. In this work, we revisit the computation of the freeze-in abundance and clarify important issues. We begin with a complete computation of the collision terms for the Primakoff process, electron-positron annihilation, and photon-to-axion (inverse-)decay, while approximately taking into account plasma screening and threshold effects. We then solve the Boltzmann equation for the full axion distribution function. We confirm previous results about the importance of both processes to the effective "relic abundance" (defined as density prior to decay), and provide useful fitting formulae to estimate the freeze-in abundance from the equilibrium interaction rate. For the distribution function, we find an out-of-equilibrium population of axions and introduce an effective temperature for them. We follow the evolution right up until decay, and find that the average axion kinetic energy is larger than a thermal relic by between 20\% and 80\%, which may have implications for limits on decaying axions from X-ray spectra. We extend our study to a two-axion system with quartic cross-coupling, and find that for typical/expected couplings, freeze-in of a second axion flavour by annihilations leads to a negligibly small contribution to the relic density.
description: Updated towards the accepted version in JHEP: (1) Added discussions on 3-to-1 ALP conversions, and small decay constants from String theory. (2) Added a paragraph on how "more hotter" axions could lead to modification of current limits. (3) Added a fourth appendix giving the table of A_{Prim} values for different axion masses and reheating temperatures. (4) Added some more citations
Megachile hookeri Cockerell, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile hookeri

description: hookeri Cockerell, new comb.
Megachile hookeri Cockerell 1915d: 533 ­534. Female. Type locality: Lehi, Utah [U.S.A.]. Megachile (Xeromegachile) hookeri Mitchell 1937a: 362.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
History-Aware Planning for Risk-free Autonomous Navigation on Unknown Uneven Terrain
Creators: name: Wang, Yinchuan
name: Du, Nianfei
name: Qin, Yongsen
name: Zhang, Xiang
name: Song, Rui
name: Wang, Chaoqun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is challenging for the mobile robot to achieve autonomous and mapless navigation in the unknown environment with uneven terrain. In this study, we present a layered and systematic pipeline. At the local level, we maintain a tree structure that is dynamically extended with the navigation. This structure unifies the planning with the terrain identification. Besides, it contributes to explicitly identifying the hazardous areas on uneven terrain. In particular, certain nodes of the tree are consistently kept to form a sparse graph at the global level, which records the history of the exploration. A series of subgoals that can be obtained in the tree and the graph are utilized for leading the navigation. To determine a subgoal, we develop an evaluation method whose input elements can be efficiently obtained on the layered structure. We conduct both simulation and real-world experiments to evaluate the developed method and its key modules. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method. The robot can travel through the unknown uneven region safely and reach the target rapidly without a preconstructed map.
description: This paper has been accepted by 2024 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2024)
Hypselostoma chedi Panha 1998
Creators: name: Gojšina, Vukašin
name: Hunyadi, András
name: Sutcharit, Chirasak
name: Tongkerd, Piyoros
name: Auffenberg, Kurt
name: Grego, Jozef
name: Vermeulen, Jaap J.
name: Reischütz, Alexander
name: Páll-Gergely, Barna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Hypselostomatidae
Hypselostoma
Hypselostoma chedi

description: Hypselostoma chedi Panha, 1998
Figs 111 J, 124, 154
Hypselostoma chedi Panha, 1998 b: 61–63, fig. 2.
Anauchen chedi — Burch and Panha 2002: 246, fig. 4; Tongkerd et al. 2004: 143, fig. 2; Panha and Burch 2008: 50–51, fig. 46; Dumrongrojwattana and Wongkamhaeng 2024: 323, fig. 7.
Hypselostoma chedi — Hemmen and Hemmen 2001: 41.
Type material examined.
Thailand • paratype; S. Panha leg.; CUMZ ver. 004; 2 paratypes; from the type locality; SMF 331470.
Additional material examined.
Thailand • 36 shells; Nakhon Sawan Province, 19.5 km NE intersection Hwys 11 and 32; 15°14'N, 100°16'E; 50 m a. s. l.; 02. May 1988; K. Auffenberg leg.; locality code KA-0696; UF 346127 / 2, UF 346138 / 34.
Type locality.
“ Thailand, Tebpratan Nature Reserve area, Kampangpet Province, 15°54′52″N, 99 ° 52 ′ 63 ″ E, 140 meters elevation ”.
Differential diagnosis.
see under H. smokon and H. khaochakan.
Distribution.
This species is known from Nakhon Sawan and Kampangpet provinces.
Remarks.
Coordinates provided in the original description are not correct.
description: Published as part of Gojšina, Vukašin, Hunyadi, András, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, Auffenberg, Kurt, Grego, Jozef, Vermeulen, Jaap J., Reischütz, Alexander & Páll-Gergely, Barna, 2025, A new start? Revision of the genera Anauchen, Bensonella, Gyliotrachela and Hypselostoma (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata, Hypselostomatidae) of Southeast Asia with description of 46 new species, pp. 1-338 in ZooKeys 1235 on pages 1-338, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1235.145281
Atom-scale Fabrication and Applications of Diamond Quantum Devices
Creators: name: Oberg, Lachlan
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2024

description: The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond is a premier solid-state defect for quantum information processing and metrology. An integrated diamond quantum device harnesses the collective properties of multiple NV centres, enabling room-temperature quantum computing, sensing, and demonstrations of fundamental physics. While large-scale devices are poised to fill an important gap in the burgeoning quantum technology landscape, their practical realisation is not possible using current top-down fabrication techniques such as ion implantation. For example, the ultimate capabilities of quantum sensors will require uniformity in NV centre properties, whereas room-temperature quantum computing will require the fabrication of strongly coupled NV centres at scale. Consequently, this necessitates the development of a bottom-up fabrication technique which is scalable, deterministic, and possesses atomic-scale precision. Informed by existing methods for fabricating phosphorous defects in silicon, I envision a scanning-probe lithography technique for atomically precise manufacturing of NV centres in diamond. Hence, the primary aim of this thesis is to develop a viable multi-step procedure for realising scalable fabrication of diamond quantum devices. This entails creation of active surface sites through hydrogen desorption lithography, chemical adsorption of a N-containing molecule, and diamond overgrowth to form a bulk NV centre. A combination of theory, electrostatic modelling, and first-principles calculations are used to systematically validate the feasibility of each step. While there exist significant engineering and technical challenges facing bottom-up NV fabrication, I conclude that these are surmountable, and there are no fundamental barriers to constructing a scalable room-temperature device. The secondary aim of this thesis is to innovate new applications for diamond quantum devices. I focus on two applications with relevance to diamond surface physics. The first is the enhancement of electrometer sensitivity through a solution to electric field screening. The second is a protocol for matter teleportation between two NV centres in a diamond nanostructure.
A computationally efficient queue-based algorithm for simulating volume-controlled drainage under the influence of gravity on volumetric images of porous materials
Creators: name: Gostick, Jeff T
name: Misaghian, Niloofar
name: Irannezhad, Ashkan
name: Zhao, Benzhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulating non-wetting fluid invasion in volumetric images of porous materials is of broad interest in applications as diverse as electrochemical devices and CO2 sequestration. Among available methods, image-based algorithms offer much lower computational cost compared to direct numerical simulations. Recent work has extended image-based method to incorporate more physics such as gravity and volume-controlled invasion. The present work combines these two developments to develop an image-based invasion percolation algorithm that incorporates the effect of gravity. Additionally, the presented algorithm was developed using a priority queue algorithm to drastically reduce the computational cost of the simulation. The priority queue-based method was validated against previous image-based methods both with and without the effect of gravity, showing identical results. It was also shown that the new method provides a speedup of 20X over the previous image-based methods. Finally, comparison with experimental results at three Bond numbers showed that the model can predict the real invasion process with a high accuracy with and without gravitational effects.
Megachile impartita Mitchell, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile impartita

description: impartita Mitchell, new comb.
Megachile (Xeromegachile) impartita Mitchell 1934: 333. Female. Type locality: Colorado [U.S.A.].
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Characterising the regulatory effects of splice variants of transporters
Creators: name: Zhang, Vicky
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2024

description: Membrane transport proteins, also known as transporters, are crucial for the maintenance of cell physiology by facilitating the movement of ions, nutrients, metabolites, and waste across cell membranes. Transporter function can be expanded through the mechanism of alternative splicing, which can produce distinct protein isoforms from a single gene. A review of the literature has uncovered a subset of naturally occurring splice variants of eukaryotic transporters with striking similarities. The transporters are unrelated and from a wide range of organisms (for instance, the malaria parasite, the honey bee, and humans); yet their splice variants are all predicted to have grossly deformed topologies, are unable to transport the substrate(s) of their full-length transporter, and instead downregulate the expression of their full-length protein. In this Thesis, the Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system was employed to characterise the regulatory activities of a selection of these transporter splice variants. The results of transport assays and western blot analyses highlighted that the splice variants all exerted similar downregulatory effects on their respective full-length transporter, regardless of the diversity in the proteins studied. Importantly, it was found that the transporter splice variants also downregulated the expression of unrelated transporters. These findings suggested that the splice variants act through a shared regulatory mechanism. To gain insight into the nature of this potential mechanism, a number of possible modes-of-action of the transporter splice variants were investigated in X. laevis oocytes. Various experimental approaches were used to exclude several pathways from involvement in the regulatory activities of the splice variants; these include degradation of transporter mRNA and general inhibition of protein translation. However, the exact nature of the regulatory mechanism of the splice variants remains unclear. We theorise that the deformed topologies of the transporter splice variants trigger folding stress in the ER during their synthesis, thus activating pathways that would rapidly modify ER function as well as broader cell physiology. The splice variants may therefore function as part of a cellular response to environmental changes, through a process that is more efficient than the de novo transcription and translation of distinct regulatory proteins. The work presented in this Thesis contributes to our understanding of this subset of seemingly 'non-functional' splice variants of transporters that may mediate a regulatory mechanism conserved across eukaryotes.
Human impact on Lake Ladoga as indicated by long-term changes of sedimentary diatom assemblages
Creators: name: Davydova, N.N.
name: Kukkonen, M.
name: Simola, H.
name: Subetto, D.A.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1999

description: Lake Ladoga is the largest lake in Europe. Eutrophication of the lake, caused by various human activities, has been noticed since the early 1960s. Besides nutrients, Lake Ladoga is also affected by industrial pollution. In order to assess patterns and trends in the aquatic environment quality, we have applied Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) to surface sediment diatom assemblages, collected from different parts of the lake in 1959–60, 1978–79 and 1991–94, and from the main inflowing rivers in 1983–85. The eutrophication process is evident as a general change of the diatom assemblages between the three sampling periods, e.g. appearance of Diatoma tenuis first in the Volkhov Bay area in 1978–79 and subsequently throughout the lake. The eutrophication appears most pronounced near the discharge sites of industrial and municipal effluents and main river inflows. The river sediment assemblages reflect patterns in the riverine inflow quality related to catchment geology and effluent loading.
Fishery and biology of herring (Clupea harengus L.) in the Gulf of Finland: A review
Creators: name: Parmanne, R.
name: Popov, A.
name: Raid, T.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1997

description: The herring catch represents two-thirds of the entire fish catch in the Gulf of Finland. Herring reach maturity at a total length of 12–15 cm by the age of 2–3 years. Spawning takes place in May-June along most of the coast. Mass spawning begins when the water temperature is 8–9°C; eggs are usually attached to vegetation. Egg development takes 6–15 days. In recent years the growth of herring has been slow. In the catches, the oldest herring have been over 15 years. In the spring trap net catches, the most plentiful age group are the three-year-olds. In the autumn trawl catches, the most abundant age group is one-year-old herring. The stock is presently exploited around the F0.1 level. Assessing the state of the herring stock in the Gulf of Finland is complicated, because of the spawning and feeding migrations between the Gulf and the Baltic Sea proper.
Essays in Applied Macroeconomics
Creators: name: Wang, Zem
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2024

description: This thesis consists of three self-contained chapters applying empirical methods to study the recent macroeconomic and financial developments in China. The first chapter presents a novel implementation of nowcasting China's GDP. I show that after transforming the Chinese data to OECD standards, the classical dynamic factor model produces forecast accuracy comparable to that of developed economies. The revision analysis suggests that industrial production is the most important variable in predicting GDP. Furthermore, I show that forecast accuracy is similar even when official GDP growth is replaced by the growth rate implied by night-time light intensity. The second chapter argues that conventional monetary and fiscal policy transmission studies are inadequate to capture the full picture of China's macroeconomic management. I adopt a narrative approach to analyse the Politburo's economic policy meetings and quantifies the economic impact of unconventional demand-side or supply-side policies. The findings suggest that demand-side policies are most effective in stimulating output, while supply-side policies are crucial in promoting innovation. The study underscores the importance of fiscal and supply-side policies to sustain future growth. The third chapter is dedicated to study the shadow banking system in China, which has been the most significant financial development over the past decade. Existing literature stresses the risk of financial instability induced by the shadow banking system. In contrast, this paper presents evidence pointing to a positive welfare effect, as shadow banking partially liberalises the repressed financial environment. Both macro and micro evidence indicate that shadow banking improves the financial condition of private firms that are underfunded by the state-owned banking system. This implies a transition towards a more favourable economic structure that is less reliant on state-led investment.
Megachile instita Mitchell, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile instita

description: instita Mitchell, new comb.
Megachile (Xeromegachile) instita Mitchell 1934: 326 ­327. Male. Type locality: Alamogordo, New Mexico [U.S.A.].
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Megachile integrella Mitchell, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile integrella

description: integrella Mitchell, new comb.
Megachile integrella Mitchell 1926a: 116 ­117. Female. Type locality: Wilmington, North Carolina [U.S.A.].
Megachile (Xeromegachile) integrella Mitchell 1937a: 339 ­341.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Empirical algorithms for Secchi disk depth using optical and microwave remote sensing data from the Gulf of Finland and the Archipelago Sea
Creators: name: Zhang, Y.
name: Pulliainen, J.
name: Koponen, S.
name: Hallikainen, M.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2003

description: In this paper empirical algorithms for determining the Secchi disk depth (SDD) are developed and employed using optical (e.g., Landsat TM) and microwave (e.g., ERS-2 SAR) remote sensing data from the Gulf of Finland and the Archipelago Sea. The SDD is an important optical measure of water quality in the study area, where the coastal water considerably attenuates light because of the presence of phytoplankton, suspended matter and yellow substance. The results show that the accuracy of SDD estimation using a neural network-based method is much higher than that of a semi-empirical or multivariate approach. On the other hand, the additional use of SAR data only slightly improved SDD estimation when compared with the use of TM data only. Although the improvement is marginal, the results suggest that there may be some SAR backscattering signatures correlated to SDD measurements in the area. However, such a small improvement is not very helpful for the practical estimation of SDD. In the future, the technique of using combined optical and microwave data still needs to be refined using, e.g., MERIS and ASAR data.
Parameterization of Stochasticity in Galaxy Clustering and Reconstruction of Tomographic Matter Clustering
Creators: name: Zhou, Shuren
name: Zhang, Pengjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stochasticity in galaxy clustering, the mismatch between galaxy and underlying matter distribution, suppresses the matter clustering amplitude reconstructed by the combination of galaxy auto-correlation and galaxy-galaxy lensing cross-correlation. In this work, we solve the stochasticity systematics by parameterizing the cross correlation coefficient $r(k)$ between galaxy and matter. We investigate the performance of 12 kinds of parameterization schemes, against the cosmoDC2 $\&$ TNG300-1 galaxy samples over a wide range of redshift and flux cut. The 2-parameter fits are found to describe the stochasticity up to $k_{\rm max}=0.9\,{\rm Mpc^{-1}}h$, while the best performing quadratic scheme $r^2_s(k) = 1+c_1 k+c_2 k^2$ reaches better than $1\%$ accuracy for both the direct ${r}^2_s(k)$ fit and reconstructing matter clustering. Then, we apply the accurate quadratic scheme to forecast the tomographic matter clustering reconstruction by the combination DESI-like LRG $\times$ CSST-like cosmic shear. Depending on assumption of stochasticity, we find that the neglect of a serious stochasticity would result in significant systematic bias in both the reconstruction and the inferred cosmological parameters, even if we adopt scale cut $k_{\rm max}=0.1\,{\rm Mpc^{-1}}h$. We demonstrate the necessity of including stochasticity in reconstruction, and forecast that the reconstruction alone enables a $S_8$ constraint at about $1.5\%$ precision, free from galaxy bias and stochasticity. We will validate our method for DESI spectroscopic survey, and the analysis is expected to be complementary to DESI cosmological constraint by BAO and RSD.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Historical hail cases in Finland : 1776–1910
Creators: name: Tuovinen, J.-P.
name: Jokinen, P.
name: Schultz, D.M.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2018

description: Historical hail events were found by searching the archives of the Historical Newspaper Library of Finland. Altogether, 461 hail events came from 119 different newspapers from 1776 to 1910. Without any proper observation network during that era, historical newspapers are the only source of severe-weather events. The motivation for reporting such details was fear of survival over a long harsh winter and the hope of getting regional aid after crop damage. Areal, diurnal, seasonal, and size distributions were constructed from this historical hail dataset and compared to a dataset of severe hail from 1930 to 2006. These two datasets were similar, albeit with small differences. Combining both hail datasets (1776–1910 and 1930–2006) yields nearly 250 years of data, only missing the years 1911–1929.  Seventy-six percent of all known hail sizes were severe (≥ 2 cm in diameter). Most hail occurred in the afternoon during June and July over western Finland. Two events are studied in more detail using reanalysis data: the most active hail season of 1896 and an extreme hailstorm of 19 July 1882.
Densities of the juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the subarctic Teno River watercourse, northern Finland
Creators: name: Niemelä, E.
name: Julkunen, M.
name: Erkinaro, J.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1999

description: Changes in juvenile wild Atlantic salmon densities in the subarctic Teno River watercourse, northern Finland, have been studied and recorded since 1979 at 57 sites representing different biotypes. Densities were very low in the first few years, after which there was substantial variation. The lowest and highest mean densities of fry at a site in the Teno River were 0.2 and 135 fish per 100 m2, respectively; respective values for parr were 0.9 and 50 fish per 100 m2. The lowest and highest values in the Utsjoki, a river in northern Finland, were 0.1 and 136 fish per 100 m2 for fry and 2.3 and 71 fish per 100 m2 for parr. The highest densities of fry and parr ever recorded in the Teno River were 424 and 106 fish per 100 m2, respectively. The annual densities of fry and parr were interdependent only in a few cases. Different densities in some other northern rivers relative to those in the Teno watercourse might reflect the different fishing culture, but also the stocking of juveniles can increase densities, thus, hampering the interpretation. The densities of the juvenile salmon fluctuated within sampling sites and between years, primarily as a result of fluctuations in the spawning stock, which is strongly affected by changes in the in-river fishing effort. Fluctuations in the juvenile salmon densities are obviously not affected by predation as the proportion of other species in the juvenile salmon's habitat is low. Parr densities in the Teno River catchment are on average clearly lower than those found in rivers which lack a diverse net fishery. Several fishing regulations set after the year 1984 have functioned only partly. Juvenile densities have not crashed despite the increased in-river exploitation by rod and reel anglers but densities of the juvenile salmon have not either increased.
Influence of air mass source sector on variations in CO2 mixing ratio at a boreal site in northern Finland
Creators: name: Aalto, T.
name: Hatakka, J.
name: Viisanen, Y.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2003

description: CO2 mixing ratio in air masses coming from different source sectors was studied at Pallas measurement station in Lapland. Source sectors were defined using back trajectories and wind direction measurements. Air masses from the North and West sectors showed an annual variation of 17 ppm, possibly affected by a long range transported marine air. A larger variation of 20 ppm was observed in air masses from the more continental South and East sectors. During late autumn mixing ratios in air masses from the South sector were high in comparison with the other sectors. Different methods for a source sector definition were considered for the site, located in a contoured terrain. 52%–73% of wind direction-based source sector definitions agreed with trajectory-based definitions. However, the number of cases with reliable sector definitions may remain low when considering all observations. Different definition methods can cause differences of the order of 1 ppm in sectorially selected monthly mean CO2 mixing ratios.
Cloud observations and modeling within the European BALTEX Cloud Liquid Water Network
Creators: name: Crewell, S.
name: Drusch, M.
name: van Meijgaard, E.
name: van Lammeren, A.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2002

description: A prototype of a European cloud observation network was established as part of the EU-project CLIWA-NET during three campaigns. The first CLIWA-NET network campaign (CNN I) took place in August/September 2000 and first results are presented in this work. Cloud properties, with a focus on liquid water path (LWP), were derived at 11 stations within the BALTEX modeling area from passive microwave radiometer, lidar ceilometer and infrared radiometer measurements. In an indirect evaluation of LWP accuracy performed during cloud free scenes, clear-sky biases in LWP ranging between –15 and +6 g m–2 were identified, which are well within the theoretical accuracy of the retrievals. For the Lindenberg station the retrievals were compared with forecasts from four atmospheric models. After restricting the model predictions to non-precipitating cases, which are the only cases for which retrieved LWPs are accurate, reasonable agreement was found between the observations and three of the models.
Megachile laguniana Mitchell, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile laguniana

description: laguniana Mitchell, new comb.
Megachile (Xeromegachile) laguniana Mitchell 1937: 419 ­420. Female. Type locality: Laguna, San Diego County, California [U.S.A.].
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Morescient GAI for Software Engineering (Extended Version)
Creators: name: Kessel, Marcus
name: Atkinson, Colin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.1; D.2.4; I.2.2; I.2.7

description: The ability of Generative AI (GAI) technology to automatically check, synthesize and modify software engineering artifacts promises to revolutionize all aspects of software engineering. Using GAI for software engineering tasks is consequently one of the most rapidly expanding fields of software engineering research, with over a hundred LLM-based code models having been published since 2021. However, the overwhelming majority of existing code models share a major weakness - they are exclusively trained on the syntactic facet of software, significantly lowering their trustworthiness in tasks dependent on software semantics. To address this problem, a new class of "Morescient" GAI is needed that is "aware" of (i.e., trained on) both the semantic and static facets of software. This, in turn, will require a new generation of software observation platforms capable of generating large quantities of execution observations in a structured and readily analyzable way. In this paper, we present a vision and roadmap for how such "Morescient" GAI models can be engineered, evolved and disseminated according to the principles of open science.
description: To appear in ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology, Special Issue "2030 Roadmap Software Engineering"
Soil CO2 efflux from a podzolic forest soil before and after forest clear-cutting and site preparation
Creators: name: Pumpanen, J.
name: Westman, C. J.
name: Ilvesniemi, H.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2004

description: The effect of forest harvesting and subsequent site preparation on soil CO2 efflux was studied on a clear-cut site with five soil treatments, including mounding, exposed E- and C-horizons, and undisturbed soil with and without logging residue left on soil. Site preparation accounted for over 75% of the total variance in soil CO2 effluxes. Clear-cutting and removal of logging residue decreased instantaneous CO2 effluxes from the soil surface by 40%, whereas the highest instantaneous effluxes were measured from mounds and from undisturbed soil with logging residue. These sampling points showed effluxes twice as high as those in the control forest or in places where the logging residue was removed. The lowest instantaneous effluxes, about 18% of those in the control forest, were measured from the exposed C-horizon. Annual effluxes in the forest were 1900 g CO2 m–2 before harvesting and 3242, 2845, and 2926 g m–2 in the three successive years after harvesting in places with logging residue, but when logging residue was removed, the annual efflux decreased to pre clear-cutting levels. Annual CO2 efflux from the logging residue was 1423 g m–2 during the first year after clear-cutting equaling 388 g m–2 of C assuming even distribution of logging residue on the site. Thus, some 23% of the total C pool in the above-ground logging residue was released during the first year after clear-cutting. The estimated annual C emissions from the O-, E- and B-horizons were 352 g m–2 during the first year after clear-cutting. Assuming that this compounded emission originated from the decomposition of roots, this would make about 20% of measured root biomass on the site. The decomposition rate was also fastest during this period, slowing in subsequent years. Based on the measured CO2 evolution rate, the reduction observed in the decomposition rate, and the aging of decomposing material, we believe that the decomposition of logging residue is a slow process. Consequently substantial amounts of non-decomposed material still may remain at the time point when the developing new forest starts to function as a carbon sink. The carbon pool of the soil may therefore increase in the long run as a result of intensive forest management.