cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Which Factors Matter Most? Can Startup Valuation be Micro-Targeted?
Creators: name: Berre, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: While startup valuations are influenced by revenues, risks, age, and macroeconomic conditions, specific causality is traditionally a black box. Because valuations are not disclosed, roles played by other factors (industry, geography, and intellectual property) can often only be guessed at. VC valuation research indicates the importance of establishing a factor-hierarchy to better understand startup valuations and their dynamics, suggesting the wisdom of hiring data-scientists for this purpose. Bespoke understanding can be established via construction of hierarchical prediction models based on decision trees and random forests. These have the advantage of understanding which factors matter most. In combination with OLS, the also tell us the circumstances of when specific causalities apply. This study explores the deterministic role of categorical variables on the valuation of start-ups (i.e. the joint-combination geographic, urban, and sectoral denomination-variables), in order to be able to build a generalized valuation scorecard approach. Using a dataset of 1,091 venture-capital investments, containing 1,044 unique EU and EEA, this study examines microeconomic, sectoral, and local-level impacts on startup valuation. In principle, the study relies on Fixedeffects and Joint-fixed-effects regressions as well as the analysis and exploration of divergent micropopulations and fault-lines by means of non-parametric approaches combining econometric and machinelearning techniques.
Imperfection effects for multiple applications of the quantum wavelet transform
Creators: name: Terraneo, Marcello
name: Shepelyansky, Dima L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study analytically and numerically the effects of various imperfections in a quantum computation of a simple dynamical model based on the Quantum Wavelet Transform (QWT). The results for fidelity timescales, obtained for a large range of error amplitudes and number of qubits, imply that for static imperfections the threshold for fault-tolerant quantum computation is decreased by a few orders of magnitude compared to the case of random errors.
description: revtex, 11 pages, 13 figures, research at Quantware MIPS Center http://www.quantware.ups-tlse.fr
Results of the North Dakota Land Valuation Model for the 2018 Agricultural Real Estate Assessment
Creators: name: Haugen, Ronald
name: Haugen, Ronald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land valuation, real estate assessment, agricultural land

description: This report summarizes the 2018 results of the North Dakota Land Valuation Model. The model is used annually to estimate average land values by county, based on the value of production from cropland and non-cropland. The county land values developed from this procedure form the basis for the 2018 valuation of agricultural land for real estate tax assessment. The average value for all agricultural land in a county from this analysis is multiplied by the total acres of agricultural land on the county abstract to determine each county’s total agricultural land value for taxation purposes. The State Board of Equalization compares this value with the total value assessed to agricultural property in each county. The average value per acre of all agricultural land in North Dakota increased by 3.26 percent from 2017 to 2018 based on the value of production. The formula cost of production index value used in the 2018 analysis was 204.41. The formula capitalization rate was 4.67 percent. Cropland value increased, on average, 2.89 percent. Across individual counties, the cropland valuation ranged from a decrease of 0.82 percent to an increase of 6.92 percent. County values had small increases and decreases depending on crop mix and cropland to non-cropland percentages. Non-cropland values increased 0.29 percent. This was due to the price received for calves and cull cows. Generally, counties with more livestock increased, while counties with more cropland decreased. Changes in market value are included for comparison. Market value data are from the annual County Rents and Values survey conducted by North Dakota Agricultural Statistics Service.
High frequency gravitational waves from spin-3/2 fields
Creators: name: Benakli, Karim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out the peculiar form of the gravitational wave signal expected from a gas of particles carry spin 3/2 produced during preheating. Given the very few ways that gravitinos can manifest themselves in an experimentally observable way, we stress the importance of improving the sensitivity of ultra-high frequency detectors in the future. This review is based on work that appeared in [arXiv:1811.11774 [hep-ph]].
description: 9 pages, 1 figure. Contribution to the proceedings of the 7th International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics (ICNFP 2019), 21-29 August 2019, Crete, Greece
Fish early life stage toxicity prediction from acute daphnid toxicity and quantum chemistry
Creators: name: S. Schmidt
name: M. Schindler
name: D. Faber
name: J. Hager
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: One step towards reduced animal testing is the use of in silico screening methods to predict toxicity of chemicals, which requires high-quality data to develop models that are reliable and clearly interpretable. We compiled a large data set of fish early life stage no observed effect concentration endpoints (FELS NOEC) based on published data sources and internal studies, containing data for 338 molecules. Furthermore, we developed a new quantitative structure-activity-activity relationship (QSAAR) model to inform estimation of this endpoint using a combination of dimensionality reduction, regularization, and domain knowledge. In particular, we made use of a sparse partial least squares algorithm (sPLS) to select relevant variables from a huge number of molecular descriptors ranging from topological to quantum chemical properties. The final QSAAR model is of low complexity, consisting of 2 latent variables based on 8 molecular descriptors and experimental Daphnia magna acute data (EC50, 48 h). We provide a mechanistic interpretation of each model parameter. The model performs well, with a coefficient of determination r2 of 0.723 on the training set (cross-validated q2 = 0.686) and comparable predictivity on a test data set of chemically related molecules with experimental Daphnia magna data (r2test = 0.687, RMSE = 0.793 log units).
Single artificial atoms in silicon emitting at telecom wavelengths
Creators: name: Redjem, W.
name: Durand, A.
name: Herzig, T.
name: Benali, A.
name: Pezzagna, S.
name: Meijer, J.
name: Kuznetsov, A. Yu.
name: Nguyen, H. S.
name: Cueff, S.
name: Gérard, J. -M.
name: Robert-Philip, I.
name: Gil, B.
name: Caliste, D.
name: Pochet, P.
name: Abbarchi, M.
name: Jacques, V.
name: Dréau, A.
name: Cassabois, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given its unrivaled potential of integration and scalability, silicon is likely to become a key platform for large-scale quantum technologies. Individual electron-encoded artificial atoms either formed by impurities or quantum dots have emerged as a promising solution for silicon-based integrated quantum circuits. However, single qubits featuring an optical interface needed for large-distance exchange of information have not yet been isolated in such a prevailing semiconductor. Here we show the isolation of single optically-active point defects in a commercial silicon-on-insulator wafer implanted with carbon atoms. These artificial atoms exhibit a bright, linearly polarized single-photon emission at telecom wavelengths suitable for long-distance propagation in optical fibers. Our results demonstrate that despite its small bandgap (~ 1.1 eV) a priori unfavorable towards such observation, silicon can accommodate point defects optically isolable at single scale, like in wide-bandgap semiconductors. This work opens numerous perspectives for silicon-based quantum technologies, from integrated quantum photonics to quantum communications and metrology.
Robustagramma brevicilium Cui and Marshall 2005
Creators: name: Marshall, Stephen A.
name: Cui, Yongsheng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sphaeroceridae
Robustagramma
Robustagramma brevicilium

description: Robustagramma brevicilium group
 Diagnosis: Head with one or two pairs of interfrontal bristles in addition to the usual pair of interfrontal setulae just above ptilinal suture. Postvertical bristles usually well developed, similar in length and strength to occipital bristles (shorter in R. setilamella). Postocellar bristles usually present. Arista distinctly shorter than head height (subequal to head height in R. setilamella). Prosternum narrow, bare. Vein R 2+3 usually abruptly bent forward at distal 1/4, with or without short posterior stump vein at bend.
description: Published as part of Marshall, Stephen A. & Cui, Yongsheng, 2005, Systematics of Robustagramma, a new genus of New World Sphaeroceridae (Diptera), pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 1026 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1026.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049813
XMM-Newton survey of the Local Group galaxy M 33
Creators: name: Pietsch, W.
name: Misanovic, Z.
name: Haberl, F.
name: Hatzidimitriou, D.
name: Ehle, M.
name: Trinchieri, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an XMM-Newton raster observation of the bright Local Group spiral galaxy M 33 we study the population of X-ray sources (X-ray binaries, supernova remnants) down to a 0.2--4.5 keV luminosity of 10^35 erg/s -- more than a factor of 10 deeper than earlier ROSAT observations. EPIC hardness ratios and optical and radio information are used to distinguish between different source classes. The survey detects 408 sources in an area of 0.80 square degree. We correlate these newly detected sources with earlier M 33 X-ray catalogues and information from optical, infra-red and radio wavelengths. As M 33 sources we detect 21 supernova remnants (SNR) and 23 SNR candidates, 5 super-soft sources, and 2 X-ray binaries (XRBs). There are 267 sources classified as hard, which may either be XRBs or Crab-like SNRs in M 33 or background AGN. The 44 confirmed and candidate SNRs more than double the number of X-ray detected SNRs in M 33. 16 of these are proposed as SNR candidates from the X-ray data for the first time. On the other hand, there are several sources not connected to M 33: five foreground stars, 30 foreground star candidates, 12 active galactic nucleus candidates, one background galaxy and one background galaxy candidate. Extrapolating from deep field observations we would expect 175 to 210 background sources in this field. This indicates that about half of the sources detected are sources within M 33.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&A, the images of Figs. 1,2,3,4,6 are available in jpg format, a full version of the paper is available at ftp://ftp.xray.mpe.mpg.de/people/fwh/docs/M33_AA0068.ps
Phonons and structures of tetracene polymorphs at low temperature and high pressure
Creators: name: Venuti, Elisabetta
name: Della Valle, Raffaele Guido
name: Farina, Luca
name: Brillante, Aldo
name: Masino, Matteo
name: Girlando, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Crystals of tetracene have been studied by means of lattice phonon Raman spectroscopy as a function of temperature and pressure. Two different phases (polymorphs I and II) have been obtained, depending on sample preparation and history. Polymorph I is the most frequently grown phase, stable at ambient conditions. A pressure induced phase transition, observed above 1 GPa, leads to polymorph II, which is also obtained at temperatures below 140 K. Polymorph II can also be maintained at ambient conditions. We have calculated the crystallographic structures and phonon frequencies as a function of temperature, starting from the configurations of the energy minima found by exploring the potential energy surface of crystalline tetracene. The spectra calculated for the first and second deepest minima match satisfactorily those measured for polymorphs I and II, respectively. All published x-ray structures, once assigned to the appropriate polymorph, are also reproduced.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, RevTeX4, update after referees reports
四色定理
Creators: name: Lin, Shigong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 10112 Topology
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: 摘要：四色定理提出至今已有170年，目前公认的答案是1976年Appel结合计算机验证的证明。至今仍有不少学者在追求纯人工的证明，本文的目的在此。在构建极大平面图的过程中，利用染色顺序，找到单色顶点和双色顶点存在的转换联系。每个构建的节点构型，令单色顶点数在闭合外圈始终小于4，该构型可4着色。 （在单双色顶点总数量上，当平面图总点数大于3时，平均每增加一个点，多三条线，新顶点恰好有颜色可选择。当极大平面图构建完成时，所有的点至少可以是单色顶点。问题在于找到颜色之间的转换方式。本文进一步猜想着色的方案数和完全三角形的个数有关。这是本文的思路来源和展望，本文不做说明。)
title: Forward modelling 3-D geophysical electromagnetic field data with meshfree methods
Creators: name: Long, Jianbo
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2020

description: Simulating geophysical electromagnetic (EM) data over real-life conductivity models requires numerical algorithms that can incorporate realistically complex geometry and topography. The most successful way to incorporate them is to use unstructured meshes in the discretization of an Earth model. Current mesh-based numerical methods that are capable of using such meshes have inherent drawbacks caused by generating 3-D unstructured meshes conforming to irregular geometries. Such a mesh generation process may become computationally expensive and unstable, and particularly so for EM inversion computations in which the forward modelling may be required many times. In this thesis I investigate the feasibility and applicability of radial basis function-based finite difference (RBF-FD), a meshfree method, in forward modelling 3-D EM data. In the meshfree method, the physical model is represented using only a set of unconnected points, effectively overcoming the issues related to the mesh generation. To improve numerical efficiency, unstructured point sets are used in the computation for the first time for EM problems. The computation is further accelerated by introducing a new type of radial basis function in the RBFFD method. The convergence and accuracy of the proposed RBF-FD method are demonstrated first via forward modelling gravity and gravity gradient data. The computational efficiency of the meshfree method is compared with that of using a more traditional finite element method. The meshfree method is then applied to forward model magnetotelluric data of which the effectiveness is demonstrated using three benchmark conductivity models from the literature. Faithful reproduction of the physics in the EM fields, e.g. discontinuous electric fields across the conductivity contrasts, is achieved by proposing a hybrid meshfree scheme which is a modification to standard meshfree algorithms. The hybrid method is also applied to simulate controlled-source EM data in the frame of both total-field and primary-secondary field approaches, in which the problems in dealing with singular source functions that cause singularities in the EM fields are addressed. For these two approaches, the accuracies of the proposed hybrid meshfree method in forward modelling the controlled-source EM data are demonstrated by using idealized 1-D layered models and a 3-D marine canonical disk model. The successful applications of the proposed meshfree method in modelling the above EM data suggest that the meshfree technique has the potential of becoming an important numerical method for simulating EM responses over complicated conductivity models.
Synthesis, biological activity, and four-dimensional quantitative structure–activity analysis of 2-arylidene indan-1,3-dione derivatives tested against Daphnia magna
Creators: name: M.C. Andreazza Costa
name: M. Miguel Castro Ferreira
name: R.R. Teixeira
name: A.P. Martins De Souza
name: A. Ramos De Aguiar
name: D. R. Da Silva
name: C.M. Jonsson
name: S.C.N. Queiroz
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: A series of 18 2-arylidene indan-1,3-dione derivatives was synthesized and tested against Daphnia magna to assess the environmental toxicity of these compounds. Aiming to investigate the toxicity mechanism for this series of compounds, a four-dimensional quantitative structure–activity analysis (4D-QSAR) was performed through the partial least square regression (PLS). The best PLS model was built with two factors and the selected field descriptors, of Coulomb (C) and Lennard-Jones (L) nature, describing 77.43% of variance and presenting the following statistics: r2 = 0.89; SEC = 0.30; Q2 = 0.81; SEV = 0.36. According to the literature, the bioactivity of α,β-unsaturated ketones, a functionality present in the series of compounds under investigation, is related to the conjugated double bond with the carbonyl group. The presence of a positive Coulomb descriptor nearby the carbonyl moieties, obtained as a result of the regression model, indicates that these polar groups are also related to the toxicity on D. magna. From the PLS regression model, the toxicity EC50-48 h values increases with the positive Coulomb descriptor and diminishes with the negative Lennard-Jones descriptors. It could be concluded that the presence of small polar groups in the aromatic ring of the arylidene moiety tends to increase the toxicity, while bulkier apolar substituents lead to a decrease of the toxicity.
Neutrino masses beyond the minimal seesaw
Creators: name: Cepedello, Ricardo
name: Fonseca, Renato
name: Hirsch, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The simplest possibility to generate small Majorana neutrino masses is the seesaw mechanism. However, the smallness of the observed neutrino masses can also be understood, if neutrino masses are generated by higher-dimensional operators and/or at higher loop level. In this talk recent work on systematic classifications of higher-dimensional and radiative neutrino mass models is summarized. Two particular classes of special genuine loop diagrams, i.e. diagrams which can lead to genuine neutrino mass models only under some specific, well-defined conditions, are also discussed.
description: Contribution to the Proceedings of TAUP-2019; Toyama, Japan
The Biderivative and A_\infty-bialgebras
Creators: name: Saneblidze, Samson
name: Umble, Ronald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P35; 55P99 ; 52B05

description: An A_\infty-bialgebra is a DGM H equipped with structurally compatible operations {ω^{j,i} : H^{\otimes i} --> H^{\otimes j}} such that (H,ω^{1,i}) is an A_\infty-algebra and (H,ω^{j,1}) is an A_\infty-coalgebra. Structural compatibility is controlled by the biderivative operator Bd, defined in terms of two kinds of cup products on certain cochain algebras of pemutahedra over the universal PROP U = End(TH).
description: 15 pages, 5 figures. This final version (3-19-05) features improved graphics and other minor improvements
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles in context of their cytotoxicity, antibacterial activities, skin penetration and application in skincare products
Creators: name: Elżbieta Szczepańska
name: Bielicka-Giełdoń, Aleksandra
name: Niska, Karolina
name: Strankowska, Justyna
name: Żebrowska, Joanna
name: Inkielewicz-Stępniak, Iwona
name: Łubkowska, Beata
name: Swebocki, Tomasz
name: Skowron, Piotr
name: Grobelna, Beata
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The benefits of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been known in many fields from catalysis through optics to medicine due to their unique size-dependent properties. Recently, there is also a growing interest in novel skincare formulations containing AgNPs. In this work, AgNPs were successfully synthesised and were characterised by UV-Vis spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In addition, an analysis of particle size distribution (measured by Dynamic Light Scattering – DLS) and zeta potential (using the method Electrophoretic Light Scattering – ELS) were made. The obtained AgNPs were in two sizes: small (20 nm ± 5 nm) and large (100 nm ± 5 nm). The assessment of the cytotoxic effect on human skin cells was done. Smaller AgNPs showed less cytotoxicity and thus greater safety for skin, so they were introduced into new skincare formulations such as oil/water (O/W) emulsion, water/oil (W/O) emulsion and hydrogel. Moreover, the study of release AgNPs from emulsions and hydrogel using Franz diffusion chamber with pig skin as a membrane has been conducted. The receptor fluid measurements were performed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The last point of the research was the performance of microbiological tests to determine the antibacterial effect of the smaller AgNPs in both solution and cosmetic.
The impact of cluster mergers on arc statistics
Creators: name: Torri, Elena
name: Meneghetti, Massimo
name: Bartelmann, Matthias
name: Moscardini, Lauro
name: Rasia, Elena
name: Tormen, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the impact of merger events on the strong lensing properties of galaxy clusters. Previous lensing simulations were not able to resolve dynamical time scales of cluster lenses, which arise on time scales which are of order a Gyr. In this case study, we first describe qualitatively with an analytic model how some of the lensing properties of clusters are expected to change during merging events. We then analyse a numerically simulated lens model for the variation in its efficiency for producing both tangential and radial arcs while a massive substructure falls onto the main cluster body. We find that: (1) during the merger, the shape of the critical lines and caustics changes substantially; (2) the lensing cross sections for long and thin arcs can grow by one order of magnitude and reach their maxima when the extent of the critical curves is largest; (3) the cross section for radial arcs also grows, but the cluster can efficiently produce this kind of arcs only while the merging substructure crosses the main cluster centre; (4) while the arc cross sections pass through their maxima as the merger proceeds, the cluster's X-ray emission increases by a factor of $\sim5$. Thus, we conclude that accounting for these dynamical processes is very important for arc statistics studies. In particular, they may provide a possible explanation for the arc statistics problem.
description: 16 pages, submitted to MNRAS, revised version after referee' Comments. Gzipped file including full resolution images can be downloaded at http://dipastro.pd.astro.it/~cosmo/massimo/high-res-images.tar.gz
Delgocitinib: First Approval
Creators: name: Sohita Dhillon
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine

description: Compliance with Ethical Standards
Disclosure: The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding.
Conflict of interest: During the peer review process the manufacturer of the agent under review was offered an opportunity to comment on the article. Changes resulting from any comments received were made by the authors on the basis of scientific completeness and accuracy. Sohita Dhillon is a contracted employee of Adis International Ltd/Springer Nature, is responsible for the article content and declares no relevant conflicts of interest.
Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here.

Abstract
Delgocitinib, a janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, is being developed by Japan Tobacco for the treatment of autoimmune disorders and hypersensitivity, including inflammatory skin conditions. The JAK family of tyrosine kinases plays an important role in mediating the biological effects of several inflammatory cytokines, e.g. IL-4, IL-13 and IL-31, which are elevated in patients with atopic dermatitis. Delgocitinib inhibits all members of the JAK family [JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and tyrosine kinase 2]. Topical delgocitinib (Corectim®) is approved in Japan for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of delgocitinib leading to this first approval for the treatment of adults with atopic dermatitis. Clinical development of the topical formulation is also underway for alopecia areata, chronic hand eczema, discoid lupus erythematosus, inverse psoriasis and atopic dermatitis in several countries worldwide. Clinical development of an oral formulation of delgocitinib is also underway in Japan for the treatment of autoimmune disorders and hypersensitivity.
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Cabling and transverse simplicity
Creators: name: Etnyre, John B.
name: Honda, Ko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D10; 57M50; 57M25

description: We study Legendrian knots in a cabled knot type. Specifically, given a topological knot type K, we analyze the Legendrian knots in knot types obtained from K by cabling, in terms of Legendrian knots in the knot type K. As a corollary of this analysis, we show that the (2,3)-cable of the (2,3)-torus knot is not transversely simple and moreover classify the transverse knots in this knot type. This is the first classification of transverse knots in a non-transversely-simple knot type. We also classify Legendrian knots in this knot type and exhibit the first example of a Legendrian knot that does not destabilize, yet its Thurston-Bennequin invariant is not maximal among Legendrian representatives in its knot type.
description: 29 pages, published version
Liapunov Multipliers and Decay of Correlations in Dynamical Systems
Creators: name: Collet, Pierre
name: Eckmann, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The essential decorrelation rate of a hyperbolic dynamical system is the decay rate of time-correlations one expects to see stably for typical observables once resonances are projected out. We define and illustrate these notions and study the conjecture that for observables in $C^1$, the essential decorrelation rate is never faster than what is dictated by the {\em smallest} unstable Liapunov multiplier.
Testing the Structure of Multipartite Entanglement with Hardy's Nonlocality
Creators: name: Lin, Lijinzhi
name: Wei, Zhaohui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multipartite quantum states may exhibit different types of quantum entanglement in that they cannot be converted into each other by local quantum operations only, and fully understanding mathematical structures of different types of multipartite entanglement is a very challenging task. In this paper, from the viewpoint of Hardy's nonlocality, we compare W and GHZ states and show a couple of crucial different behaviors between them. Particularly, by developing a geometric model for the Hardy's nonlocality problem of W states, we derive an upper bound for its maximal violation probability, which turns out to be strictly smaller than the corresponding probability of GHZ state. This gives us a new comparison between these two quantum states, and the result is also consistent with our intuition that GHZ states is more entangled. Furthermore, we generalize our approach to obtain an asymptotic characterization for general $N$-qubit W states, revealing that when $N$ goes up, the speed that the maximum violation probabilities decay is exponentially slower than that of general $N$-qubit GHZ states. We provide some numerical simulations to verify our theoretical results.
description: 13 pages; comments are welcome
title: An ethical study of the impact hedonistic-utilitarianism exerts on the philosophy and practice of physician-assisted suicide.
Creators: name: Ashlock, Larry Coleman
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2005

description: Terminal illness and the prospect of a painful and protracted dying process created new medical realities for Western culture in recent decades. Patients challenged traditional medical canons against medical killing by requesting changes in laws to allow physician assistance with suicide (PAS). This challenge occurred within a broader cultural context where core principles of medical common morality (beneficence, patient autonomy, and justice) were questioned.
A new study of medical killing is warranted because ethical changes are occurring in current issues surrounding doctors and patients (for example, humanism and autonomy, rights, justice, and the morality of medical killing). Furthermore PAS proponents argue that sometimes there is a moral obligation for beneficent medicine to allay suffering; that is, a doctor must kill or assist his patient’s suicide. This thesis explores the possible influence that John Stuart Mill’s hedonistic-utilitarianism (HU) exerts on one aspect of medical killing, the philosophy and practice of PAS.
This study clarifies certain features of the PAS debate and demonstrates weaknesses inherent in HU that impact adversely on medical canons and doctor-patient relationships (DPR). Six features within the PAS debate are examined for HU influence. Chapter 1 delineates how Mill’s key utilitarian pleasure-is-happiness (PH) theme interacts with the topic of PAS in contemporary medico-cultural discussions. Chapter 2 surveys some epochal events in the development of rights, justice, and medical killing, while chapter 3 surveys similarly autonomy, physician paternalism, and sanctity of life (SL)~all in relationship to PAS. The final chapter isolates key HU weaknesses found in PAS arguments and offers moral concerns regarding the utilisation of HU claims to justify changing traditional medical canons to endorse PAS. The thesis contributes to the ongoing medical-ethical dialogue about medical killing by exploring the historical and ethical points crucial to future discussions of medical killing.
Digit Recognition From Wrist Movements and Security Concerns with Smart Wrist Wearable IOT Devices
Creators: name: Leong, Lambert T.
name: Wiere, Sean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate a potential security vulnerability associated with wrist wearable devices. Hardware components on common wearable devices include an accelerometer and gyroscope, among other sensors. We demonstrate that an accelerometer and gyroscope can pick up enough unique wrist movement information to identify digits being written by a user. With a data set of 400 writing samples, of either the digit zero or the digit one, we constructed a machine learning model to correctly identify the digit being written based on the movements of the wrist. Our model's performance on an unseen test set resulted in an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of 1.00. Loading our model onto our fabricated device resulted in 100% accuracy when predicting ten writing samples in real-time. The model's ability to correctly identify all digits via wrist movement and orientation changes raises security concerns. Our results imply that nefarious individuals may be able to gain sensitive digit based information such as social security, credit card, and medical record numbers from wrist wearable devices.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, 10 tables, in Proc Hawaii International Conference on System Science (HICSS)
Bayesian quantile regression for weather index insurance design: Insuring idiosyncratic risk under data scarcity
Creators: name: Dalhaus, T.
name: Finger, R.
name: Dalhaus, T.
name: Finger, R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Crop insurances play a key role in managing farmers financial exposure to climate risks. Recent developments have shown that weather index insurances (WII) help to overcome problems of asymmetric information in classical indemnity based crop insurances. However, basis risk, i.e. the discrepancy between WII payout and on-farm losses, constitutes the largest adoption hurdle to overcome. Currently, rich farm-level yield records are indispensable to design functioning WII contracts. Thus, farmers remain mostly unprotected in case of farm-level yield data scarcity. We here develop a Bayesian quantile regression (BQR) framework to reduce this type of basis. To this end, we use county-level yield data as informative prior for estimating the impact of farm-level rainfall on farm-level yields. We are thus able to combine the rich sources of county-level yield data with scarce data on the farm-level. We use an empirical example of insuring drought risk in Eastern German winter wheat production. Our results show that, although our approach helps to effectively reduce farmers financial exposure to drought risk, basis risk remains unaffected in our case study context. Further research might expand the here proposed BQR to other perils with higher spatial dependence and regions with longer records of county yields. Acknowledgement :
Direct and Indirect Detection of Dark Matter in Heterotic Orbifold Models
Creators: name: Binetruy, Pierre
name: Mambrini, Yann
name: Nezri, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the neutralino dark matter phenomenology in the context of effective field theories derived from the weakly--coupled heterotic string. We consider in particular direct detection and indirect detection with neutrino telescopes rates. The two cases of moduli dominated and dilaton dominated SUSY breaking lead to completely different phenomenologies. Even if in both cases relic density constraints can be fulfilled, moduli domination generically leads to detection rates which are much below the present and future experimental sensitivities, whereas dilaton domination gives high detection rates accessible to the next generation of experiments. This could make dark matter searches an alternative way to constrain high energy fundamental parameters.
description: 29 pages, 13 figures. Notations clarified, figures improved, typos and english corrected
title: Ο ρόλος της διαίρεσης στη χωρική διαμόρφωση: Η περίπτωση της εντός των τειχών Λευκωσίας
title: The role of division in spatial development: the case of Nicosia inside the Walls
Creators: name: Ανδρεου Βασιλης
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2021

description: Στόχος της ερευνητικής εργασίας είναι να δώσει ένα περίγραμμα της ιστορίας και της ανάπτυξης της Λευκωσίας με έμφαση στη διαίρεση της πόλης, τον αντίκτυπο που είχε η διαίρεση στο φυσικό και κοινωνικό περιβάλλον και την παράλληλη πορεία των δυο τμημάτων της διαιρεμένης πρωτεύουσας. Το νότιο τμήμα της Λευκωσίας αποτελεί την πρωτεύουσα της Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας και το βόρειο τον Τουρκικό δήμο της κατεχόμενης από την Τουρκία  περιοχής του νησιού από το 1974, με τα δυο τμήματα να χωρίζονται από την Παρεμβαλλόμενη Ζώνη κατάπαυσης του πυρός, επιτηρούμενης από τον ΟΗΕ. Στην εργασία γίνεται περιγραφή της έννοιας της διαιρεμένης πόλης καθώς και αναφορά στις κατηγορίες διαιρεμένων πόλεων. Παρουσιάζεται η σημερινή κατάσταση της πρωτεύουσας σε σχέση με την πόλη πριν το 1974 και περιγράφονται τα πολεοδομικά χαρακτηριστικά και των δυο τμημάτων της πόλης. Γίνεται αναφορά σε κρατικές και δημοτικές πρόνοιες και πολιτικές  για την αστική ανάπτυξη του Δήμου καθώς και κοινές, δικοινοτικές προσπάθειες αναζωογόνησης περιοχών της περιτειχισμένης πόλης.
Well-Ordered "Ripple-Shaped" Microstructures of Mn Thin Films on GaAs Substrates
Creators: name: Chanda, Anupama
name: Sengupta, Joydip
name: Jacob, Chacko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study was aimed to investigate the thickness dependent morphological changes of Mn films deposited on GaAs substrates by thermal evaporation technique. Ni films were deposited under same conditions to perform comparative study of the morphological changes with respect to the Mn films. The scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy studies revealed ripple-shaped structure of Mn film with good periodicity, while Ni film only exhibited small granules deposited throughout the surface. The influence of the thickness of the Mn film in producing the ripple structure was clearly observed. In addition, the annealing time was considered as the major parameter to control the ordering of the ripple structure. X-ray diffraction pattern indicated the formation of different phases of Ga-Mn and Mn-As due to diffusion of atoms during annealing. A model for the creation of stress-driven microstructure is proposed which indicates that Mn thin films grow on GaAs substrates in three stages: in the primary stage, the growth occurs via two-dimensional nucleation process; as the thickness increases, the stress is released by the film via creation of additional surface roughness which produce ripples; and finally an island-like growth occurs because of the non-uniform distribution of stress along the surface of the film.
description: Annealing; Atomic Force Microscopy; Manganese; Morphology; Scanning Electron Microscopy; Stress
Mixed gluinos and sgluons from a new SU(3) gauge group
Creators: name: Martin, Stephen P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I study supersymmetric models in which the QCD gauge group is the remnant diagonal subgroup from the spontaneous breaking of an $SU(3) \times SU(3)$ gauge group at a multi-TeV scale. In renormalizable models with soft supersymmetry breaking, the scalar potential is shown to have global minima with the required gauge symmetry breaking pattern. In addition to a massive color octet vector boson, this framework predicts 3 color octet spin-0 sgluons, and 4 color octet gluinos with both Dirac and Majorana mass terms. One of the gluino mass eigenstates typically has a coupling to quark-squark pairs that is at least as large as the prediction of minimal supersymmetry, but it need not be the lightest one.
description: 30 pages
Cosmic-Ray Interactions in the Solar Atmosphere
Creators: name: Hudson, Hugh
name: MacKinnon, Alec
name: Szydlarski, Mikolaj
name: Carlsson, Mats
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-energy particles enter the solar atmosphere from Galactic or solar coronal sources, producing an "albedo'' source from the quiet Sun, now observable across a wide range of photon energies. The interaction of high-energy particles in a stellar atmosphere depends essentially upon the joint variation of the magnetic field and the gas, which heretofore has been characterized parametrically as P ~ B^alpha with P the gas pressure and B the magnitude of the magnetic field. We re-examine that parametrization by using a self-consistent 3D MHD model (Bifrost) and show that this relationship tends to P ~ B^{2.9+-0.1} based on the visible portions of the sample of open-field flux tubes in such a model, but with large variations from point to point. This scatter corresponds to the strong meandering of the open-field flux tubes in the lower atmosphere, which will have a strong effect on the prediction of the emission anisotropy (limb brightening). The simulations show that much of the open flux in coronal holes originates in weak-field regions within the granular pattern of the convective motions seen in the simulations.
description: Preprint prepared for submission to MNRAS
Large-scale biofuel production and food security of smallholders: Evidence for Jatropha in Madagascar
Creators: name: Bosch, C.
name: Zeller, M.
name: Bosch, C.
name: Zeller, M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: Large-scale agricultural investment in land was found to lead to positive employment and poverty reduction effects, however depending on the institutional context and the type of investment. This article aims to provide insights into the relationship between wage work for a large-scale Jatropha project and household food security, namely dietary diversity and food shortage. After the initial hype and the subsequent downfall of Jatropha, new projects are still being undertaken, yet little evidence in quantifying the long-term impacts of large-scale Jatropha production on smallholders livelihoods exists. This article contributes to addressing this gap by using five rounds of panel data collected from 2008 to 2013 from 390 randomly selected households near a Jatropha project in Madagascar. Results show that labour demand declined substantially after the build-up phase and incomes from wage work were mostly used for food and other necessities. Impacts are estimated with the help of fixed effects models. Jatropha wage work contributed significantly to improved dietary diversity but not to a reduction of food shortage. Food production and consumption furthermore were highly influenced by seasonality, drought and locust plagues, which implies that complementing income creation with agricultural development strategies might have further positive effects on food security. Acknowledgement : We thank the foundation Stiftung Energieforschung Baden-Wuerttemberg for funding this research, the respondents in the commune of Fenoarivo for their continued participation in the survey, and the field assistants and enumerators for their efforts in data collection. We are grateful to Romaine and Sylvain Ramananarivo for useful discussions and Ana Lucia Kassouf for providing comments on an earlier version of the article.
The Chiral Condensate of Strongly Coupled QCD in the 't Hooft Limit
Creators: name: Grignani, Gianluca
name: Marmottini, Donatella
name: Sodano, Pasquale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the recently proposed generalization to an arbitrary number of colors of the strong coupling approach to lattice gauge theories\cite{Grignani:2003uv}, we compute the chiral condensate of massless QCD in the 't Hooft limit.
description: 12 pages, revtex4
Are EU subsidies a springboard to the reduction of pesticide use?
Creators: name: Aubert, M.
name: Enjolras, G.
name: Aubert, M.
name: Enjolras, G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Many farms are developing more environmentally-friendly practices in order to meet the phytosanitary requirements of both private actors and public authorities. This article analyses the essential contribution of EU subsidies to reducing pesticide use. We use the highly- accurate FADN database from 2007 to 2015y to measure pesticide use and relate it to public subsidies received by farmers within the implementation of the rural development policy for the period 2007 to 2013. The influence of EU subsidies on pesticide use is measured through an econometric model using panel data. In addition to the individual, structural and financial factors which usually explain the implementation of environmentally-friendly practices, our study emphasizes the role of EU subsidies. The results show that overall payments as well as payments from the 1st pillar increase pesticide use while payments from the 2nd pillar lead to a decreasing intensity of pesticide expenditure. Other key individual, structural and financial factors at farm level also have contrasting effects on pesticide use. The efficiency of public policies towards the issue of environmentally-friendly practices is therefore questioned. Acknowledgement :
Refined compartmental models, asymptomatic carriers and COVID-19
Creators: name: Oliveira, Gonçalo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 92D30, 92D25

description: The goal of this article is to analyze some compartmental models specially designed to model the spread of a disease whose transmission has the same features as COVID-19. The major contributions of this article are: (1) Rigorously find sufficient conditions for the outbreak to only have one peak, i.e. for no second wave of infection to form; (2) Investigate the formation of other waves of infection when such conditions are not met; (3) Use numerical simulations to analyze the different roles asymptomatic carriers can have. We also argue that dividing the population into non-interacting groups leads to an effective reduction of the transmission rates. As in any compartmental model, the goal of this article is to provide qualitative understanding rather than exact quantitative predictions.
description: Also available in medRxiv