cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Novel Femtosecond-Gated, High-Resolution, Frequency-Shifted Shearing Interferometry Technique for Probing Pre-Plasma Expansion in Ultra-Intense Laser Experiments
Creators: name: Feister, S.
name: Nees, J. A.
name: Morrison, J. T.
name: Frische, K. D.
name: Orban, C.
name: Chowdhury, E. A.
name: Roquemore, W. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-intense laser-matter interaction experiments (>10$^{18}$ W/cm$^{2}$) with dense targets are highly sensitive to the effect of laser "noise" (in the form of pre-pulses) preceding the main ultra-intense pulse. These system-dependent pre-pulses in the nanosecond and/or picosecond regimes are often intense enough to modify the target significantly by ionizing and forming a plasma layer in front of the target. Time resolved interferometry offers a robust way to characterize the expanding plasma during this period. We have developed a novel pump-probe interferometry system for an ultra-intense laser experiment that uses two short-pulse amplifiers synchronized by one ultra-fast seed oscillator to achieve 40-femtosecond time resolution over hundreds of nanoseconds, using a variable delay line and other techniques. The first of these amplifiers acts as the pump and delivers maximal energy to the interaction region. The second amplifier is frequency shifted and then frequency doubled to generate the femtosecond probe pulse. After passing through the laser-target interaction region, the probe pulse is split and recombined in a laterally sheared Michelson interferometer. Importantly, the frequency shift in the probe allows strong plasma self-emission at the second harmonic of the pump to be filtered out, allowing plasma expansion near the critical surface and elsewhere to be clearly visible in the interferograms. Three-phase reconstructions of the electron densities are then inferred by Abel inversion. This interferometric system delivers precise measurements of pre-plasma expansion that can identify the condition of the target at the moment that the ultra-intense pulse arrives. Such measurements are indispensable for correlating laser pre-pulse measurements with instantaneous plasma profiles and for enabling realistic Particle-in-Cell simulations of the ultra-intense laser-matter interaction.
description: 4 figures; Updated Abel analysis for Fig. 4; Comments welcome!
Regulation of AMPK by the Ubiquitin Proteasome System
Creators: name: McCudden, Chris
name: Essop, M. Faadiel
name: Patterson, Cam
name: Schisler, Jonathan C.
name: Willis, Monte S.
name: Zungu, Makhosazane
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions as a metabolic fuel gauge that is activated in response to environmental stressors to restore cellular energy balance. In the heart, AMPK coordinates the activation of glucose and fatty acid metabolic pathways to ensure increased production of myocardial ATP when required, such as during cardiac ischemia/reperfusion and hypertrophy, causing an increase in AMPK activity that can be viewed as both protective and maladaptive. While we understand the basic regulation of AMPK activity by kinases, recent studies have introduced the concept that AMPK is regulated by other post-translational modifications, specifically ubiquitination. These studies reported that the ubiquitin ligase cell death–inducing DFFA-like effector a ubiquitinates the β subunit of AMPK to regulate its steady-state protein levels. Other investigators found that AMPK regulatory components, including the AMPK α subunit and AMPK kinases NUAK1 and MARK4, can be ubiquitinated with atypical ubiquitin chains. The USP9X-deubiquitinating enzyme was identified to remove ubiquitination from both NUAK1 and MARK4. Lastly, AMPK activation increases the expression of the ubiquitin ligases MAFBx/Atrogin-1 and MuRF1. These ubiquitin ligases regulate key cardiac transcription factors to control cardiomyocyte mass and remodeling, thus suggesting another mechanism by which AMPK may function in the heart. The relevance of AMPK ubiquitination in cardiac disease has yet to be tested directly, but it likely represents an important mechanism that occurs in common cardiac diseases that may be targeted for therapy.
Observations of Dissipation of Slow Magneto-acoustic Waves in a Polar Coronal Hole
Creators: name: Gupta, G. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We focus on a polar coronal hole region to find any evidence of dissipation of propagating slow magneto-acoustic waves. We obtained time-distance and frequency-distance maps along the plume structure in a polar coronal hole. We also obtained Fourier power maps of the polar coronal hole in different frequency ranges in 171~Å and 193~Å passbands. We performed intensity distribution statistics in time domain at several locations in the polar coronal hole. We find the presence of propagating slow magneto-acoustic waves having temperature dependent propagation speeds. The wavelet analysis and Fourier power maps of the polar coronal hole show that low-frequency waves are travelling longer distances (longer detection length) as compared to high-frequency waves. We found two distinct dissipation length scales of wave amplitude decay at two different height ranges (between 0--10 Mm and 10--70 Mm) along the observed plume structure. The dissipation lengths obtained at higher height range show some frequency dependence. Individual Fourier power spectrum at several locations show a power-law distribution with frequency whereas probability density function (PDF) of intensity fluctuations in time show nearly Gaussian distributions. Propagating slow magneto-acoustic waves are getting heavily damped (small dissipation lengths) within the first 10~Mm distance. Beyond that waves are getting damped slowly with height. Frequency dependent dissipation lengths of wave propagation at higher heights may indicate the possibility of wave dissipation due to thermal conduction, however, the contribution from other dissipative parameters cannot be ruled out. Power-law distributed power spectra were also found at lower heights in the solar corona, which may provide viable information on the generation of longer period waves in the solar atmosphere.
description: corrected typos and grammar, In press A&A
Wywiad z ekspertami 2 -z anonimizacją danych
Creators: name: Sadurski, Leszek Krzysztof
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Arctic, Regional Security Complex in the Arctic, international relations in Arctic

description: Wywiad przeprowadzony z naukowcami z Norwegii na temat Arktyki jako Regionalnym Kompleksie Bezpieczeństwa. Była to realizacja jednego z założonych zadań w projekcie NCN Preludium. Wywiad został przeprowadzony w ramach badań finansowanych przez Narodowe Centrum Nauki w ramach grantu pt.: Adaptacja regionalnego kompleksu bezpieczeństwa w obliczu zmian klimatu na przykładzie Arktyki, o numerze: UMO-2019/35/N/HS5/00578.
Dynamical systems in cosmology
Creators: name: Boehmer, Christian G.
name: Chan, Nyein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Cosmology is a well established research area in physics while dynamical systems are well established in mathematics. It turns out that dynamical system techniques are very well suited to study many aspects of cosmology. The aim of this book chapter is to provide the reader with a concise introduction to both cosmology and dynamical system. The material is self-contained with references to more detailed work. It is aimed at applied mathematics and theoretical physics graduate level students who have an interest in this exciting topic.
description: 29 pages, 9 figures, lecture notes; v2 reference added and some typos fixed
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of a Ground Source Heat Pump System for Water and Space Heating Applications in Kazakhstan
Creators: name: Yerdesh, Yelnar
name: Amanzholov, Tangnur
name: Aliuly, Abdurashid
name: Seitov, Abzal
name: Toleukhanov, Amankeldy
name: Murugesan, Mohanraj
name: Botella, Olivier
name: Feidt, Michel
name: Wang, Hua Sheng
name: Tsoy, Alexandr
name: Belyayev, Yerzhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground source heat pump heating system is considered as one of the best solutions for the transition towards green heating under the continental climate conditions like Kazakhstan. In this paper, experimental and theoretical investigations were carried out to develop a ground source heat pump-based heating system under the weather conditions in Kazakhstan and to evaluate its thermodynamic performance. The water-to-water heat pump heating system, integrated with a ground source heat exchanger and used refrigerant R134a, was designed to provide hot water to meet the requirements for space heating. The predicted values of the coefficient of performance and the experimental results were found to be in good agreement within 6.2%. The thermodynamic performance of the system was also assessed using various environment-friendly refrigerants, such as R152a, R450A, R513A, R1234yf and R1234ze, as potential replacements for R134a. Although R152a is found to be a good alternative for R134a in terms of coefficient of performance and total equivalent warming impact, its flammability hinders its application. The heating system using refrigerants R450A, R513A, R1234yf and R1234ze shows 2-3% lower coefficient of performance than that of R134a. The highest exergy destruction is found to be attributed to the compressor, followed by the expansion valve, evaporator, and condenser. Considering their low flammability and low environmental impact, R450A, R513A, R1234yf and R1234ze are identified as valuable replacements for R134a.
Development of Mobile Application to Present 3D Interactive Animation for Supporting of Emotional and Friend Relationship with Early Childhood: Miracle of Heart
Creators: name: Poramin Chansri
Publisher: name: Faculty of Informatics, Mahasarakham University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Application
Cartoon
Interactive
3D Animation

description: Journal of Applied Informatics and Technology, 4, 2, 128-141
Genetically Determined Severity of Anti-Myeloperoxidase Glomerulonephritis
Creators: name: Aylor, David L.
name: Xiao, Hong
name: Hu, Peiqi
name: de Villena, Fernando Pardo-Manuel
name: Falk, Ronald J.
name: Jennette, J. Charles
name: Ciavatta, Dominic
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a target antigen for antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA). There is evidence that MPO-ANCA cause necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis (NCGN) and vasculitis. NCGN severity varies among patients with ANCA disease, and genetic factors influence disease severity. The role of genetics in MPO-ANCA NCGN severity was investigated using 13 inbred mouse strains, F1 and F2 hybrids, bone marrow chimeras, and neutrophil function assays. Mouse strains include founders of the Collaborative Cross. Intravenous injection of anti-MPO IgG induced glomerular crescents in >60% of glomeruli in 129S6/SvEv and CAST/EiJ mice, but <1% in A/J, DBA/1J, DBA/2J, NOD/LtJ, and PWK/PhJ mice. C57BL6J, 129S1/SvImJ, LP/J, WSB/EiJ, NZO/HILtJ, and C3H mice had intermediate severity. High-density genotypes at 542,190 single nucleotide polymorphisms were used to identify candidate loci for disease severity by identifying genomic regions that are different between 129S6/SvEv and 129S1/SvImJ mice, which are genetically similar but phenotypically distinct. C57BL/6 × 129S6 F2 mice were genotyped at 76 SNPs to capture quantitative trait loci for disease severity. The absence of a dominant quantitative trait locus suggests that differences in severity are the result of multiple gene interactions. In vivo studies using bone marrow chimeric mice and in vitro studies of neutrophil activation by anti-MPO IgG indicated that severity of NCGN is mediated by genetically determined differences in the function of neutrophils.
Supervised Fine-tuning Evaluation for Long-term Visual Place Recognition
Creators: name: Alijani, Farid
name: Rahtu, Esa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present a comprehensive study on the utility of deep convolutional neural networks with two state-of-the-art pooling layers which are placed after convolutional layers and fine-tuned in an end-to-end manner for visual place recognition task in challenging conditions, including seasonal and illumination variations. We compared extensively the performance of deep learned global features with three different loss functions, e.g. triplet, contrastive and ArcFace, for learning the parameters of the architectures in terms of fraction of the correct matches during deployment. To verify effectiveness of our results, we utilized two real world datasets in place recognition, both indoor and outdoor. Our investigation demonstrates that fine tuning architectures with ArcFace loss in an end-to-end manner outperforms other two losses by approximately 1~4% in outdoor and 1~2% in indoor datasets, given certain thresholds, for the visual place recognition tasks.
Planet-disc interaction on a freely moving mesh
Creators: name: Munoz, Diego J.
name: Kratter, Kaitlin M.
name: Springel, Volker
name: Hernquist, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General-purpose, moving-mesh schemes for hydrodynamics have opened the possibility of combining the accuracy of grid-based numerical methods with the flexibility and automatic resolution adaptivity of particle-based methods. Due to their supersonic nature, Keplerian accretion discs are in principle a very attractive system for applying such freely moving mesh techniques. However, the high degree of symmetry of simple accretion disc models can be difficult to capture accurately by these methods, due to the generation of geometric grid noise and associated numerical diffusion, which is absent in polar grids. To explore these and other issues, in this work we study the idealized problem of two-dimensional planet-disc interaction with the moving-mesh code AREPO. We explore the hydrodynamic evolution of discs with planets through a series of numerical experiments that vary the planet mass, the disc viscosity and the mesh resolution, and compare the resulting surface density, vortensity field and tidal torque with results from the literature. We find that the performance of the moving-mesh code in this problem is in accordance with published results, showing good consistency with grid codes written in polar coordinates. We also conclude that grid noise and mesh distortions do not introduce excessive numerical diffusion. Finally, we show how the moving-mesh approach can naturally increase resolution in regions of high densityaround planets and planetary wakes, while retaining the background flow at low resolution. This provides an alternative to the difficult task of implementing adaptive mesh refinement in conventional polar-coordinate codes.
description: 21 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables. Updated to match version published by MNRAS
Intestinal Epithelial Cell–Derived μ-Opioid Signaling Protects against Ischemia Reperfusion Injury through PI3K Signaling
Creators: name: Jobin, Christian
name: Goldsmith, Jason R.
name: Perez-Chanona, Ernesto
name: Yadav, Prem N.
name: Roth, Bryan
name: Whistler, Jennifer
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Intestinal ischemia has a wide variety of causes, including, but not limited to, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, hypotension, and chronic inflammation. In severe cases, ischemic injury can result in death. μ-Opioid receptor (MOR) signaling has previously been shown to protect against chemically induced colitis, but the cellular origin of this effect remains unknown. Herein, we evaluated the role of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)–derived MOR signaling in host responses to ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury. Ileal ischemia was accomplished through obstruction of the distal branches of the superior mesenteric artery (60 minutes) and reperfusion for 90 minutes (ischemia-reperfusion). Floxed-MOR mice were crossed to Villin-cre transgenic mice to selectively delete the MOR gene in IECs (MORIEC−/−). Radio-ligand binding assays demonstrated selective loss of MOR signaling in IECs of MORIEC−/− mice. The s.c. administration of the MOR agonist, [D-Arg2, Lys4] dermorphin (1–4) amide (DALDA), 10 minutes before surgery protected against both ischemic and reperfusion phases of intestinal injury, an effect abolished in MORIEC−/− mice. This cytoprotective effect was associated with enterocyte-mediated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β signaling and decreased apoptosis, as determined by IHC and caspase-3 processing. PI3K blockade with Ly294002 resulted in loss of MOR-mediated cytoprotective function. Together, these data show that IEC-derived μ-opioid signaling uses the PI3K pathway to protect cells against the damaging effect of ischemia-reperfusion. Targeting MOR signaling may represent a novel mean to alleviate intestinal injury and promote the wound-healing response.
Hadron calorimeter module prototype for baryonic matter studies at Nuclotron
Creators: name: Gavrishchuk, O. P.
name: Ladygin, V. P.
name: Petukhov, Yu. P.
name: Sychkov, S. Ya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The prototype of the hadron calorimeter module consisting of 66 scintillator/lead layers with the 15x15 cm^2 cross section and 5 nuclear interaction lengths has been designed and produced for the zero degree calorimeter of the BM@N experiment. The prototype has been tested with high energy muon beam of the U-70 accelerator at IHEP. The results of the beam test for different types of photo multipliers and light guides are presented. The results of the Monte-Carlo simulation of the calorimeter response and energy resolution are presented for the 2-16 GeV protons.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures
Application of Geo-informatics for Study Diversity the Plants of Apocynaceae in Phu Faek Forest Park, Kalasin Province
Creators: name: Narueset Prasertsri
Publisher: name: Faculty of Informatics, Mahasarakham University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Distribution of Apocynacea
Densit
Overlay

description: Journal of Applied Informatics and Technology, 4, 2, 142-153
Molecular and cellular heterogeneity in breast cancer: Challenges for personalized medicine
Creators: name: O’Connor, Siobhan M.
name: Coleman, William B.
name: Rivenbark, Ashley G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Breast cancer is noted for disparate clinical behaviors and patient outcomes, despite common histopathological features at diagnosis. Molecular pathogenesis studies suggest that breast cancer is a collection of diseases with variable molecular underpinnings that modulate therapeutic responses, disease-free intervals, and long-term survival. Traditional therapeutic strategies for individual patients are guided by the expression status of the estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Although such methods for clinical classification have utility in selection of targeted therapies, short-term patient responses and long-term survival remain difficult to predict. Molecular signatures of breast cancer based on complex gene expression patterns have utility in prediction of long-term patient outcomes, but are not yet used for guiding therapy. Examination of the correspondence between these methods for breast cancer classification reveals a lack of agreement affecting a significant percentage of cases. To realize true personalized breast cancer therapy, a more complete analysis and evaluation of the molecular characteristics of the disease in the individual patient is required, together with an understanding of the contributions of specific genetic and epigenetic alterations (and their combinations) to management of the patient. Here, we discuss the molecular and cellular heterogeneity of breast cancer, the impact of this heterogeneity on practical breast cancer classification, and the challenges for personalized breast cancer treatment.
Application of Geo-informatics for Study Diversity the Plants of Rubiaceae in Phu Faek Forest Park, Kalasin Province
Creators: name: Narueset Prasertsri
Publisher: name: Faculty of Informatics, Mahasarakham University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Distribution of Rubiaceae
Density
Overlay

description: Journal of Applied Informatics and Technology, 4, 2, 154-164
Sparing of the Dystrophin-Deficient Cranial Sartorius Muscle Is Associated with Classical and Novel Hypertrophy Pathways in GRMD Dogs
Creators: name: Wang, Zuyi
name: Hoffman, Eric P.
name: Nghiem, Peter P.
name: Brown, Kristy J.
name: Schatzberg, Scott J.
name: Ghimbovschi, Svetlana
name: Mittal, Priya
name: Kornegay, Joe N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Both Duchenne and golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) are caused by dystrophin deficiency. The Duchenne muscular dystrophy sartorius muscle and orthologous GRMD cranial sartorius (CS) are relatively spared/hypertrophied. We completed hierarchical clustering studies to define molecular mechanisms contributing to this differential involvement and their role in the GRMD phenotype. GRMD dogs with larger CS muscles had more severe deficits, suggesting that selective hypertrophy could be detrimental. Serial biopsies from the hypertrophied CS and other atrophied muscles were studied in a subset of these dogs. Myostatin showed an age-dependent decrease and an inverse correlation with the degree of GRMD CS hypertrophy. Regulators of myostatin at the protein (AKT1) and miRNA (miR-539 and miR-208b targeting myostatin mRNA) levels were altered in GRMD CS, consistent with down-regulation of myostatin signaling, CS hypertrophy, and functional rescue of this muscle. mRNA and proteomic profiling was used to identify additional candidate genes associated with CS hypertrophy. The top-ranked network included α-dystroglycan and like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. Proteomics demonstrated increases in myotrophin and spectrin that could promote hypertrophy and cytoskeletal stability, respectively. Our results suggest that multiple pathways, including decreased myostatin and up-regulated miRNAs, α-dystroglycan/like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, spectrin, and myotrophin, contribute to hypertrophy and functional sparing of the CS. These data also underscore the muscle-specific responses to dystrophin deficiency and the potential deleterious effects of differential muscle involvement.
Diuretics Prevent Thiazolidinedione-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy without Compromising Insulin-Sensitizing Effects in Mice
Creators: name: Chang, Cherng-Shyang
name: Sung, Junne-Ming
name: Chen, Ju-Yi
name: Tsai, Pei-Jane
name: Ho, Li-Chun
name: Maeda, Nobuyo
name: Tsai, Yau-Sheng
name: Pandya, Kumar
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Much concern has arisen regarding critical adverse effects of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), including rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, on cardiac tissue. Although TZD-induced cardiac hypertrophy (CH) has been attributed to an increase in plasma volume or a change in cardiac nutrient preference, causative roles have not been established. To test the hypothesis that volume expansion directly mediates rosiglitazone-induced CH, mice were fed a high-fat diet with rosiglitazone, and cardiac and metabolic consequences were examined. Rosiglitazone treatment induced volume expansion and CH in wild-type and PPARγ heterozygous knockout (Pparg+/−) mice, but not in mice defective for ligand binding (PpargP465L/+). Cotreatment with the diuretic furosemide in wild-type mice attenuated rosiglitazone-induced CH, hypertrophic gene reprogramming, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, hypertrophy-related signal activation, and left ventricular dysfunction. Similar changes were observed in mice treated with pioglitazone. The diuretics spironolactone and trichlormethiazide, but not amiloride, attenuated rosiglitazone effects on volume expansion and CH. Interestingly, expression of glucose and lipid metabolism genes in the heart was altered by rosiglitazone, but these changes were not attenuated by furosemide cotreatment. Importantly, rosiglitazone-mediated whole-body metabolic improvements were not affected by furosemide cotreatment. We conclude that releasing plasma volume reduces adverse effects of TZD-induced volume expansion and cardiac events without compromising TZD actions in metabolic switch in the heart and whole-body insulin sensitivity.
Gut Commensal Bacteria and Regional Wnt Gene Expression in the Proximal Versus Distal Colon
Creators: name: Jobin, Christian
name: Neumann, Philipp-Alexander
name: Hilgarth, Roland S.
name: Koch, Stefan
name: Perez-Chanona, Ernesto
name: Nusrat, Asma
name: Denning, Patricia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Regional expression of Wingless/Int (Wnt) genes plays a central role in regulating intestinal development and homeostasis. However, our knowledge of such regional Wnt proteins in the colon remains limited. To understand further the effect of Wnt signaling components in controlling intestinal epithelial homeostasis, we investigated whether the physiological heterogeneity of the proximal and distal colon can be explained by differential Wnt signaling. With the use of a Wnt signaling-specific PCR array, expression of 84 Wnt-mediated signal transduction genes was analyzed, and a differential signature of Wnt-related genes in the proximal versus distal murine colon was identified. Several Wnt agonists (Wnt5a, Wnt8b, and Wnt11), the Wnt receptor frizzled family receptor 3, and the Wnt inhibitory factor 1 were differentially expressed along the colon length. These Wnt signatures were associated with differential epithelial cell proliferation and migration in the proximal versus distal colon. Furthermore, reduced Wnt/β-catenin activity and decreased Wnt5a and Wnt11 expression were observed in mice lacking commensal bacteria, an effect that was reversed by conventionalization of germ-free mice. Interestingly, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 knockout mice showed decreased Wnt5a levels, indicating a role for Toll-like receptor signaling in regulating Wnt5a expression. Our results suggest that the morphological and physiological heterogeneity within the colon is in part facilitated by the differential expression of Wnt signaling components and influenced by colonization with bacteria.
A natural Little Hierarchy for SUSY from radiative breaking of PQ symmetry
Creators: name: Bae, Kyu Jung
name: Baer, Howard
name: Serce, Hasan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While LHC8 Higgs mass and sparticle search constraints favor a multi-TeV value of gravitino mass m_{3/2}, electroweak naturalness favors a superpotential higgsino mass μ~100-200 GeV: the mis-match results in an apparent Little Hierarchy characterized by μ<< m_{3/2}. It has been suggested that the Little Hierarchy arises from a mis-match between Peccei-Quinn (PQ) and hidden sector intermediate scales v_{PQ}<< m_{\rm hidden}. We examine the Murayama-Suzuki-Yanagida (MSY) model of radiatively-driven PQ symmetry breaking which not only generates a weak scale value of μbut also produces intermediate scale Majorana masses for right-hand neutrinos. For this model, we show ranges of parameter choices with multi-TeV values of m_{3/2} which can easily generate values of μ~100-200 GeV so that the apparent Little Hierarchy suggested from data emerges quite naturally. In such a scenario, dark matter would be comprised of an axion plus a higgsino-like WIMP admixture where the axion mass and higgsino masses are linked by the value of the PQ scale. The required light higgsinos should ultimately be detected at a linear e^+e^- collider with \sqrt{s}>2m({\rm higgsino}).
description: 13 pages with 5 .png figures; several typos fixed in v2
On the Flavor Structure of Natural Composite Higgs Models & Top Flavor Violation
Creators: name: Azatov, Aleksandr
name: Panico, Giuliano
name: Perez, Gilad
name: Soreq, Yotam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the up flavor structure of composite pseudo Nambu-Goldstone-boson Higgs models, where we focus on the flavor anarchic minimal $SO(5)$ case. We identify the different sources of flavor violation in this framework and emphasise the differences from the anarchic Randall-Sundrum scenario. In particular, the fact that the flavor symmetry does not commute with the symmetries that stabilize the Higgs potential may constrain the flavor structure of the theory. In addition, we consider the interplay between the fine tuning of the model and flavor violation. We find that generically the tuning of this class of models is worsen in the anarchic case due to the contributions from the additional fermion resonances. We show that, even in the presence of custodial symmetry, large top flavor violating rate are naturally expected. In particular, $t\to cZ$ branching ratio of order of $10^{-5}$ is generic for this class of models. Thus, this framework can be tested in the next run of the LHC as well as in other future colliders. We also find that the top flavor violation is weakly correlated with the increase amount of fine tuning. Finally, other related flavor violation effects, such as $t \to ch$ and in the $D$ system, are found to be too small to be observed by the current and near future colliders.
description: 23 pages, 2 figure; v2: minor clarifications added, matches journal version
Identification of Three Molecular and Functional Subtypes in Canine Hemangiosarcoma through Gene Expression Profiling and Progenitor Cell Characterization
Creators: name: Breen, Matthew
name: Gorden, Brandi H.
name: Sharkey, Leslie C.
name: O'Brien, Timothy D.
name: Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin
name: Kim, Jong-Hyuk
name: Sarver, Aaron L.
name: Modiano, Jaime F.
name: Dickerson, Erin B.
name: Frantz, Aric M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Canine hemangiosarcomas have been ascribed to an endothelial origin based on histologic appearance; however, recent findings suggest that these tumors may arise instead from hematopoietic progenitor cells. To clarify this ontogenetic dilemma, we used genome-wide expression profiling of primary hemangiosarcomas and identified three distinct tumor subtypes associated with angiogenesis (group 1), inflammation (group 2), and adipogenesis (group 3). Based on these findings, we hypothesized that a common progenitor may differentiate into the three tumor subtypes observed in our gene profiling experiment. To investigate this possibility, we cultured hemangiosarcoma cell lines under normal and sphere-forming culture conditions to enrich for tumor cell progenitors. Cells from sphere-forming cultures displayed a robust self-renewal capacity and exhibited genotypic, phenotypic, and functional properties consistent with each of the three molecular subtypes seen in primary tumors, including expression of endothelial progenitor cell (CD133 and CD34) and endothelial cell (CD105, CD146, and αvβ3 integrin) markers, expression of early hematopoietic (CD133, CD117, and CD34) and myeloid (CD115 and CD14) differentiation markers in parallel with increased phagocytic capacity, and acquisition of adipogenic potential. Collectively, these results suggest that canine hemangiosarcomas arise from multipotent progenitors that differentiate into distinct subtypes. Improved understanding of the mechanisms that determine the molecular and phenotypic differentiation of tumor cells in vivo could change paradigms regarding the origin and progression of endothelial sarcomas.
title: An instrument to measure students' perception of the authenticity of an out-of-school learning place
Creators: name: Schriebl, Daniela
name: Müller, Andreas
name: Robin, Nicolas
name: Heinrich, Beat
Publisher: name: Publikationsserver der Pädagogischen Hochschule Thurgau
Year: 2021
Subjects: authenticity
out-of-school science learning
place-based learning
context-based science education

description: The instrument presented here can be used as a one factor scale with good to very good test characteristics, if an overall measure of perceived authenticity of place is needed. The two subscales with cognitive and emotional focus could also be used separately, as their test characteristics are also satisfactory to good. Due to its short format and administration time (around 2 minutes) the instrument can be well integrated in the evaluation of out-of-school learning places. The scale was developed specifically for a research institute and has to be adapted for other out-of-school learning places such as museums, science centres or field trips. For future research it will be interesting to include other dimensions of perceived authenticity (such as authenticity of a person, e.g. the scientist at a research institute) and to study their combined effects on educational outcomes. Work along these lines within the framework of a larger research project on out-of-school science learning is in progress.
description: Progress in Science Education, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 66
The Microbiota Protects against Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Intestinal Injury through Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-Containing Protein 2 (NOD2) Signaling
Creators: name: Jobin, Christian
name: Mühlbauer, Marcus
name: Perez-Chanona, Ernesto
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2), an intracellular pattern recognition receptor, induces autophagy on detection of muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a component of microbial cell walls. The role of bacteria and NOD2 signaling toward ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)–induced intestinal injury response is unknown. Herein, we report that I/R-induced intestinal injury in germ-free (GF) C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice is worse than in conventionally derived mice. More important, microbiota-mediated protection against I/R-induced intestinal injury is abrogated in conventionally derived Nod2−/− mice and GF Nod2−/− mice. Also, WT mice raised in specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions fared better against I/R-induced injury than SPF Nod2−/− mice. Moreover, SPF WT mice i.p. administered 10 mg/kg MDP were protected against injury compared with mice administered the inactive enantiomer, l-MDP, an effect lost in Nod2−/− mice. However, MDP administration failed to protect GF mice from I/R-induced intestinal injury compared with control, a phenomenon correlating with undetectable Nod2 mRNA level in the epithelium of GF mice. More important, the autophagy-inducer rapamycin protected Nod2−/− mice against I/R-induced injury and increased the levels of LC3+ puncta in injured tissue of Nod2−/− mice. These findings demonstrate that NOD2 protects against I/R and promotes wound healing, likely through the induction of the autophagy response.
Multi-band, Multi-epoch Observations of the Transiting Warm Jupiter WASP-80b
Creators: name: Fukui, Akihiko
name: Kawashima, Yui
name: Ikoma, Masahiro
name: Narita, Norio
name: Onitsuka, Masahiro
name: Ita, Yoshifusa
name: Onozato, Hiroki
name: Nishiyama, Shogo
name: Baba, Haruka
name: Ryu, Tsuguru
name: Hirano, Teruyuki
name: Hori, Yasunori
name: Kurosaki, Kenji
name: Kawauchi, Kiyoe
name: Takahashi, Yasuhiro H.
name: Nagayama, Takahiro
name: Tamura, Motohide
name: Kawai, Nobuyuki
name: Kuroda, Daisuke
name: Nagayama, Shogo
name: Ohta, Kouji
name: Shimizu, Yasuhiro
name: Yanagisawa, Kenshi
name: Yoshida, Michitoshi
name: Izumiura, Hideyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: WASP-80b is a warm Jupiter transiting a bright late-K/early-M dwarf, providing a good opportunity to extend the atmospheric study of hot Jupiters toward the lower temperature regime. We report multi-band, multi-epoch transit observations of WASP-80b by using three ground-based telescopes covering from optical (g', Rc, and Ic bands) to near-infrared (NIR; J, H, and Ks bands) wavelengths. We observe 5 primary transits, each of which in 3 or 4 different bands simultaneously, obtaining 17 independent transit light curves. Combining them with results from previous works, we find that the observed transmission spectrum is largely consistent with both a solar abundance and thick cloud atmospheric models at 1.7$σ$ discrepancy level. On the other hand, we find a marginal spectral rise in optical region compared to the NIR region at 2.9$σ$ level, which possibly indicates the existence of haze in the atmosphere. We simulate theoretical transmission spectra for a solar abundance but hazy atmosphere, finding that a model with equilibrium temperature of 600 K can explain the observed data well, having a discrepancy level of 1.0$σ$. We also search for transit timing variations, but find no timing excess larger than 50 s from a linear ephemeris. In addition, we conduct 43 day long photometric monitoring of the host star in the optical bands, finding no significant variation in the stellar brightness. Combined with the fact that no spot-crossing event is observed in the five transits, our results confirm previous findings that the host star appears quiet for spot activities, despite the indications of strong chromospheric activities.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, a version adapted for publication in ApJ
The Working Group M5 on Lepton-Hadron Colliders
Creators: name: Assmann, R.
name: Balewski, K.
name: Barber, D.
name: Brinkmann, R.
name: Chao, A.
name: Chou, W.
name: Derbenev, Y.
name: DeRoeck, A.
name: Desphande, A.
name: Floettmann, K.
name: Keil, E.
name: King, B.
name: Klein, M.
name: Krafft, G.
name: Krasny, W.
name: Magill, S.
name: Marriner, J.
name: Merminga, L.
name: Milner, R.
name: Nagaitsev, S.
name: Norem, J.
name: Peggs, S.
name: Ratzinger, U.
name: Roser, T.
name: Seidel, M.
name: Sinclair, C.
name: Skrinsky, A.
name: Tschalaer, C.
name: Willeke, F.
name: DESY
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2001

description: M-Report (2001).
Profiles of Cancer Stem Cell Subpopulations in Cholangiocarcinomas
Creators: name: Torrice, Alessia
name: Renzi, Anastasia
name: Caporaso, Nicola
name: Napoletano, Chiara
name: Alpini, Gianfranco
name: Grazi, GianLuca
name: Onori, Paolo
name: Cardinale, Vincenzo
name: Gaudio, Eugenio
name: Reid, Lola M.
name: Alvaro, Domenico
name: Fraveto, Alice
name: D'Argenio, Giuseppe
name: De Rose, Agostino M.
name: Franchitto, Antonio
name: Cantafora, Alfredo
name: Carpino, Guido
name: Giuliante, Felice
name: Bragazzi, Maria C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) comprise a mucin-secreting form, intrahepatic or perihilar, and a mixed form located peripherally. We characterized cancer stem cells (CSCs) in CCA subtypes and evaluated their cancerogenic potential. CSC markers were investigated in 25 human CCAs in primary cultures and established cell lines. Tumorigenic potential was evaluated in vitro or in xenografted mice after s.c. or intrahepatic injection in normal and cirrhotic (carbon tetrachloride-induced) mice. CSCs comprised more than 30% of the tumor mass. Although the CSC profile was similar between mucin-intrahepatic and mucin-perihilar subtypes, CD13+ CSCs characterized mixed-intrahepatic, whereas LGR5+ characterized mucin-CCA subtypes. Many neoplastic cells expressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers and coexpressed mesenchymal and epithelial markers. In primary cultures, epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers, mesenchymal markers (vimentin, CD90), and CD13 largely predominated over epithelial markers (CD133, EpCAM, and LGR5). In vitro, CSCs expressing epithelial markers formed a higher number of spheroids than CD13+ or CD90+ CSCs. In s.c. tumor xenografts, tumors dominated by stromal markers were formed primarily by CD90+ and CD13+ cells. By contrast, in intrahepatic xenografts in cirrhotic livers, tumors were dominated by epithelial traits reproducing the original human CCAs. In conclusion, CSCs were rich in human CCAs, implicating CCAs as stem cell–based diseases. CSC subpopulations generate different types of cancers depending on the microenvironment. Remarkably, CSCs reproduce the original human CCAs when injected into cirrhotic livers.
SCALABLE - D4.1 Initial Report on Application Optimisation
Creators: name: Badwaik, Jayesh
name: Holzer, Markus
name: Veneva, Milena
name: Cuidard, Romain
name: Kadlubiak, Kristian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The report describes initial experiments with performance optimizations for LaBS and Walberla codes. In particular, we describe the optimizations in communication algorithms for LaBS and kernel launch optimizations for Walberla.
Backreaction due to quantum tunneling and modification to the black hole evaporation process
Creators: name: Modak, Sujoy K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of back-reaction on the evaporation of quantum black holes. The method used is based on quantum tunneling formalism as proposed in [4]. We give a more realistic picture by considering the fact that a black hole looses its energy while modes are tunneled outside the event horizon. It is shown how the tunneling quantum field modes affect the geometry and how this change in geometry is arrested in the quantum field. Exploiting this we calculate the modified (nonthermal) radiation spectrum, associating energy fluxes and discuss various issues related with these. The results obtained here are often expected on physical grounds, but, importantly we find them in a quantitative manner.
description: revtex, 8 pages, 4 figures, matches published version
Effect of Graft Choice on the Outcome of Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in the Multicenter ACL Revision Study (MARS) Cohort
Creators: name: DeBerardino, Thomas M.
name: Huston, Laura J.
name: Andrish, Jack T.
name: Bernas, Geoffrey A.
name: Brockmeier, Stephen F.
name: Allen, Christina R.
name: Nwosu, Sam K.
name: Wright, Rick W.
name: Baumgarten, Keith M.
name: Lantz, Brett (Brick) A.
name: Brophy, Robert H.
name: Dunn, Warren R.
name: Berg, Jeffrey H.
name: Cooper, Daniel E.
name: Albright, John P.
name: Carpenter, James E.
name: Bechler, Jeffery R.
name: Bartolozzi, Arthur R.
name: Arciero, Robert A.
name: Bach, Bernard R.
name: Garofoli, Elizabeth A.
name: Butler, J. Brad
name: Baker, Champ L.
name: Annunziata, Christopher C.
name: Amendola, Annunziato (Ned)
name: Bush-Joseph, Charles A.
name: Spindler, Kurt P.
name: Carey, James L.
name: Stuart, Michael J.
name: Anderson, Allen F.
name: Haas, Amanda K.
name: Campbell, John D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Most surgeons believe that graft choice for ACL reconstruction is an important factor related to outcome. Although graft choice may be limited in the revision setting based on previously used grafts, it is still felt to be important.
Geographic Distribution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Africa
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: In common with most countries, little is know about the geographic distribution of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in South Africa. Variations in HIV infection of persons 15–24 years of age were modeled and mapped using generalized linear spatial models and Bayesian prediction based on data from a national HIV household survey conducted in 2003 and comprising 11,904 youth from approximately 700 enumeration areas that were randomly selected from the national census. The maps show considerable variation in HIV prevalence within provinces. The lowest levels were found in inland rural areas of the Western Cape, and the highest in northwestern parts of KwaZulu Natal, southern Mpumalanga, and eastern Free State. Prevalence of HIV was associated with ethnicity, urban status, and unemployment. Detailed maps of HIV prevalence can be effectively used in guiding and focusing intervention programs to areas of particular need.
Inflammation in multiple sclerosis
Creators: name: Haase, Stefanie
name: Linker, Ralf A.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: B cells, immune network, immune regulation, inflammation, myeloid cells, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, T cells
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterised pathologically by demyelination, gliosis, neuro-axonal damage and inflammation. Despite intense research, the underlying pathomechanisms driving inflammatory demyelination in MS still remain incompletely understood. It is thought to be caused by an autoimmune response towards CNS self-antigens in genetically susceptible individuals, assuming autoreactive T cells as disease-initiating immune cells. Yet, B cells were recognized as crucial immune cells in disease pathology, including antibody-dependent and independent effects. Moreover, myeloid cells are important contributors to MS pathology, and it is becoming increasingly evident that different cell types act in concert during MS immunopathology. This is supported by the finding that the beneficial effects of actual existing disease-modifying therapies cannot be attributed to one single immune cell-type, but rather involve immunological cooperation. The current strategy of MS therapies thus aims to shift the immune cell repertoire from a pro-inflammatory towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype, involving regulatory T and B cells and anti-inflammatory macrophages. Although no existing therapy actually exists that directly induces an enhanced regulatory immune cell pool, numerous studies identified potential net effects on these cell types. This review gives a conceptual overview on T cells, B cells and myeloid cells in the immunopathology of relapsing-remitting MS and discusses potential contributions of actual disease-modifying therapies on these immune cell phenotypes.
Short Report: Detection of the Dihydrofolate Reductase–164L Mutation in Plasmodium falciparum Infections from Malawi by Heteroduplex Tracking Assay
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Standard polymerase chain reaction methods often cannot detect drug-resistance mutations in Plasmodium falciparum infections if the mutation is present in ≤ 20% of the parasites. A heteroduplex tracking assay was developed that can detect dihydrofolate reductase 164-L mutations in variants representing 1% of the parasites in an individual host. Using this assay, we confirmed the presence of the mutation in P. falciparum infections in Malawi.