cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Do farmers act like perfectly rational profit maximisers? Results of an extra-laboratory experiment
Creators: name: Schwarze, Jan
name: Holst, Gesa Sophie
name: Mußhoff, Oliver
name: Schwarze, Jan
name: Holst, Gesa Sophie
name: Mußhoff, Oliver
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: bounded rationality
subject: business simulation games
subject: experimental economics
subject: multiple goal decision making

description: Many economic studies are based on the theory of the homo oeconomicus, frequently put simply and described as a perfectly rational, profit-maximising decision-maker. However, there are often considerable differences between the theoretical decisions based on this theory and the behaviour of farmers observed in reality. The specific magnitude and the influencing factors of this discrepancy are hardly analysed due to the lack of a benchmark in reality. Therefore, on the basis of realistic decisions made by farmers in an extra laboratory experiment, the present study investigates if farmers act as perfectly rational profit maximisers. Furthermore, factors shall be identified that influence deviations from relative economic performance. The results show that farmers are not perfectly rational profit-maximising decision-makers. The decision-making behaviour is rather influenced by the farmers' socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics, such as the gender or the leading position of the farmer.
Pollenstratigraphische Gliederung des Spätglazials im Rheinland
Creators: name: Schirmer, Ursula
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1999

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit befaßt sich mit dem Meiendorf-Interstadial nach der Definition von Menke (1968). Das Meiendorf-Interstadial ist eine vorböllingzeitliche Wärmeschwankung, die durch einen Anstieg von Zwergbirke (Betula nana), Sanddorn (Hippophaë) und Beifuß (Artemisia) charakterisiert ist. Es wurde erstmals 1968 von Menke für Schleswig-Holstein vorgestellt und konnte seitdem im Rheinland (Schirmer 1995, 1996; Litt & Stebich 1996), an der Lahn (Schirmer 1998) und an der Weser (Merkt & Müller im Druck) nachgewiesen werden. Sowohl aus den östlichen Niederlanden als auch aus dem mitteldeutschen Raum und dem Alpenvorland sind Pollenprofile bekannt, in denen sich Hinweise auf diese vorböllingzeitliche Wärmeschwankung finden. Daher kann man von einem mitteleuropäischen Geltungsbereich für das Meiendorf-Interstadial ausgehen. Das Meiendorf-Interstadial erscheint demnach geeignet, eine einheitliche Abgrenzung vom Hochglazial zum Spätglazial zu erbringen. Es gibt zahlreiche Hinweise auf weitere mögliche Wärmeschwankungen, die jünger als das letztglaziale Maximum (LGM) und älter als das Bölling-Interstadial sind. Aufgrund der Tatsache, daß es sieh hierbei um schwimmende Interstadiale handelt, denen der palynologische Anschluß an das bekannte Spätglazial fehlt und deren zeitliche Stellung oft nur durch 14C-Daten belegt wird, ist eine Korrelation mit dem Meiendorf-Interstadial bisher nicht möglich.
description: research
Entanglement versus Bell nonlocality of quantum nonequilibrium steady states
Creators: name: Zhang, Kun
name: Wang, Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the entanglement and the Bell nonlocality of a coupled two-qubit system, in which each qubit is coupled with one individual environment. We study how the nonequilibrium environments (with different temperatures or chemical potentials) influence the entanglement and the Bell nonlocality. The nonequilibrium environments can have constructive effects on the entanglement and the Bell nonlocality. Nonequilibrium thermodynamic cost can sustain the thermal energy or particle current and enhance the entanglement and the Bell nonlocality. However, the nonequilibrium conditions (characterized by the temperature differences or the thermodynamic cost quantified by the entropy production rates) which give the maximal violation of the Bell inequalities are different from the nonequilibrium conditions which give the maximal entanglement. When the Bell inequality has asymmetric observables (between Alice and Bob), for example the $I_{3322}$ inequality, such asymmetry can also be reflected from the effects under the nonequilibrium environments. The spatial asymmetric two-qubit system coupled with nonequilibrium bosonic environments shows the thermal rectification effect, which can be witnessed by the Bell nonlocality. Different spatial asymmetric factors can be linearly cancelled with each other in the thermal rectification effect, which is also reflected on the changes of the entanglement and the Bell nonlocality. Our study demonstrates that the nonequilibrium environments are both valuable for the entanglement and Bell nonlocality resources, based on different optimal nonequilibrium conditions though.
description: Published version, 34 pages, 16 figures
Towards a NNLO calculation in hadronic heavy hadron production
Creators: name: Körner, Jürgen G.
name: Merebashvili, Zakaria
name: Rogal, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the Laurent series expansion up to ${\cal O}(ε^2)$ for all scalar one-loop one-, two-, three- and four-point integrals that are needed in the calculation of hadronic heavy flavour production. The Laurent series up to ${\cal O}(ε^2)$ is needed as input to that part of the NNLO corrections to heavy hadron production at hadron colliders where the one-loop integrals appear in the loop-by-loop contributions. The four-point integrals are the most complicated. The ${\cal O}(ε^2)$ expansion of the four-point integrals contains polylogarithms up to $ Li_4$ and the multiple polylogarithms.
description: 5 pages, 2 Postscript figures
Additional file 3 of Cross-sectional analysis of circulating tumor DNA in primary colorectal cancer at surgery and during post-surgery follow-up by liquid biopsy
Creators: name: Allegretti, Matteo
name: Cottone, Giuliano
name: Carboni, Fabio
name: Cotroneo, Ettore
name: Casini, Beatrice
name: Giordani, Elena
name: Amoreo, Carla Azzurra
name: Buglioni, Simonetta
name: Diodoro, Maria
name: Pescarmona, Edoardo
name: Zazza, Settimio
name: Federici, Orietta
name: Zeuli, Massimo
name: Conti, Laura
name: Cigliana, Giovanni
name: Fiorentino, Francesco
name: Valle, Mario
name: Giacomini, Patrizio
name: Spinella, Francesca
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3: Table S3. List of dPCR assays.
Strong quantum nonlocality for unextendible product bases in heterogeneous systems
Creators: name: Shi, Fei
name: Li, Mao-Sheng
name: Chen, Lin
name: Zhang, Xiande
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A set of multipartite orthogonal product states is strongly nonlocal if it is locally irreducible in every bipartition, which shows the phenomenon of strong quantum nonlocality without entanglement. It is known that unextendible product bases (UPBs) can show the phenomenon of quantum nonlocality without entanglement. Thus it is interesting to investigate the strong quantum nonlocality for UPBs. Most of the UPBs with the minimum size cannot demonstrate strong quantum nonlocality. In this paper, we construct a series of UPBs with different large sizes in $d_A\otimes d_B\otimes d_C$ and $d_A\otimes d_B\otimes d_C\otimes d_D$ for $d_A, d_B, d_C, d_D\geq 3$, and we also show that these UPBs have strong quantum nonlocality, which answers an open question given by Halder \emph{et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{122}, 040403 (2019)] and Yuan \emph{et al.} [Phys. Rev. A \textbf{102}, 042228 (2020)] for any possible three and four-partite systems. Furthermore, we propose an entanglement-assisted protocol to locally discriminate the UPB in $3\otimes 3\otimes 4$, and it consumes less entanglement resource than the teleportation-based protocol. Our results build the connection between strong quantum nonlocality and UPBs.
Estimating whole farm costs of conducting on-farm research on midwestern US corn and soybean farms: A linear programming approach
Creators: name: Griffin, Terry W.
name: Mark, Tyler B.
name: Dobbins, Craig L.
name: Lowenberg-DeBoer, James M.
name: Griffin, Terry W.
name: Mark, Tyler B.
name: Dobbins, Craig L.
name: Lowenberg-DeBoer, James M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: GPS
subject: down-time model
subject: on-farm research
subject: precision agriculture
subject: yield monitor

description: Precision agricultural technologies such as GPS-enabled automated guidance, yield monitors, and controller-driven variable rate applicators have reduced but not eliminated the costs of conducting on-farm trials. Farm decision makers often contemplate the benefit side of the profitability equation when considering on-farm trials. However, the cost portion of the equation must be considered to make informed decisions. This study estimates the whole-farm costs of conducting on-farm trials using a modification of the classic down-time model in a linear programming framework with comparisons to previously estimated potential benefits. Results indicate that after accounting for the whole farm costs there are still benefits to on-farm trials. Whole farm costs vary significantly dependent upon the type of on-farm trial undertaken. When on-farm trials cause planting and harvesting field operations to be conducted outside the optimal time, crop yields may be adversely affected. Therefore, farm decision makers should consider research questions that do not necessitate adversely impacting these windows until experience has been gained.
Pisaura mirabilis
Creators: name: Isaia, Marco
name: Paschetta, Mauro
name: Chiarle, Alberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Pisauridae
Pisaura
Pisaura mirabilis

description: Pisaura mirabilis (Clerck, 1757)
NEW DATA. — Entracque: Tetti Violin, grassland with bushes, 900- 1100 m, 4.VII.2012, 3♀ (collected within the PIT Summer School 2012); Tetti Violin, grassland with bushes, 900-1100 m, 10.VI.2011, 1♀ (collected within the PIT Summer School 2011); Valdieri: Desertetto, grassland, 1088-1885 m, 14.IX.2011, 1♀, 1♂ (MRSN).
 LITERATURE. — Lambiase et al. (2007); Paschetta et al. (2013).
CHOROTYPE. — ASE.
MACROHABITAT. — Alpine grasslands, Alpine pastures, broadleaved woods, shrublands.
description: Published as part of Isaia, Marco, Paschetta, Mauro & Chiarle, Alberto, 2015, Annotated checklist of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Site of Community Importance and Special Area of Conservation " Alpi Marittime " (NW Italy), pp. 57-114 in Zoosystema 37 (1) on page 88, DOI: 10.5252/z2015n1a4, http://zenodo.org/record/4577680
Distributed Evolution Strategies Using TPUs for Meta-Learning
Creators: name: Sheng, Alex
name: He, Derek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Meta-learning traditionally relies on backpropagation through entire tasks to iteratively improve a model's learning dynamics. However, this approach is computationally intractable when scaled to complex tasks. We propose a distributed evolutionary meta-learning strategy using Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) that is highly parallel and scalable to arbitrarily long tasks with no increase in memory cost. Using a Prototypical Network trained with evolution strategies on the Omniglot dataset, we achieved an accuracy of 98.4% on a 5-shot classification problem. Our algorithm used as much as 40 times less memory than automatic differentiation to compute the gradient, with the resulting model achieving accuracy within 1.3% of a backpropagation-trained equivalent (99.6%). We observed better classification accuracy as high as 99.1% with larger population configurations. We further experimentally validate the stability and performance of ES-ProtoNet across a variety of training conditions (varying population size, model size, number of workers, shot, way, ES hyperparameters, etc.). Our contributions are twofold: we provide the first assessment of evolutionary meta-learning in a supervised setting, and create a general framework for distributed evolution strategies on TPUs.
description: Published in Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)
Highly-efficient terahertz radiation generated by surface electrons from laser-foil interactions
Creators: name: Hu, Ke
name: Yi, Longqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel scheme for generating powerful terahertz (THz) radiation based on laser-solid interactions is proposed. When a $p$-polarized femtosecond laser impinges obliquely on a plane solid target and the target partially blocks the laser energy, surface electrons are extracted out and accelerated by the laser fields, forming a low-divergence electron beam. A half-cycle THz radiation pulse is emitted simultaneously as the beam passes by the edge of the target, due to coherent diffraction radiation. Our particle-in-cell simulations show that the relativistic THz pulse can have an energy of a few tens of millijoule and the conversion efficiency can be over 1$\%$ with existing $\sim$J level femtosecond laser sources.
Vegetationsentwicklung, Paläoböden, Seespiegelschwankungen: Untersuchungen an eem- und weichselzeitlichen Sedimenten vom Südrand des Harzes
Creators: name: Ricken, Werner
name: Grüger, Eberhard
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1988

description: Die jungpleistozäne Sedimentserie des Aschenhütter Erdfalls (südlicher Harzrand, Niedersachsen) bietet die interessante Möglichkeit, palynologische und geologische Befunde miteinander zu verknüpfen. Die Sedimentserie besteht aus limnischen und telmatischen Ablagerungen und Lößderivaten mit eem- und weichselzeitlichen Paläoböden. Die limnisch-telmatischen Sedimente umfassen nach dem pollenanalytischen Befund die Hainbuchenzeit und die darauffolgenden Abschnitte des Eem-Interglazials, das Brörup-Interstadial (sensu Andersen) und Teile der diesem vorausgehenden bzw. folgenden Stadiale (Herning-bzw. Rederstall-Stadial). Anders als an den meisten eemzeitlichen Untersuchungspunkten, die fast alle in den ehemals vereisten Tieflandsgebieten liegen, war die Fichte am Harzrand schon während der Hainbuchenzeit eine der wichtigen Baumarten. Die interstadiale Vegetationsentwicklung läßt keinen Klimarückschlag erkennen, wie er in Gegenden mit einer thermisch anspruchsvolleren Vegetation oder nahe an den Verbreitungsgrenzen der einzelnen Baumarten im Brörup-Interstadial gewöhnlich deutlich wird. Die botanischen Untersuchungen ergaben auch keine Hinweise auf ein Vorkommen von Bruckenthalia und Picea omoricoides bei Aschenhütte. Die pollenanalytisch datierte limnisch-telmatische Sedimentfolge verzahnt sich mit Lößpaläoböden und ermöglicht deren stratigraphische Einordnung. Die pollenführenden Sedimente gehen im Uferbereich in den Eem-Boden und in frühweichselzeitliche Bleichhorizonte und Fließerden über; im Hangenden treten Lößböden des Stillfried-B-Interstadials auf (Hattorfer und Lohner Boden der mittleren Weichselzeit). Die Untersuchungen zur Faziesverteilung der Sedimente und zum Auftreten von Wasserpflanzen erlauben Aussagen über Spiegelschwankungen des Aschenhütter Sees. Spiegelhöchststände wurden nach dem Ende des Eem-Interglazials und während des Brörup-Interstadials erreicht. Dagegen sank der Wasserspiegel im Verlauf des Herning-Stadials, und im Rederstall-Stadial verlandete der Aschenhütter See. Die Spiegelschwankungen werden mit Niederschlags- und Verdunstungsänderungen als Folge von Klimaschwankungen erklärt.
description: research
Marketing efficiency of cassava products in Delta State, Nigeria: A stochastic profit frontier approach
Creators: name: Rahman, Sanzidur
name: Awerije, Brodrick O.
name: Rahman, Sanzidur
name: Awerije, Brodrick O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Delta State, Nigeria
subject: cassava and cassava products
subject: marketing efficiency
subject: marketing margin
subject: stochastic profit frontier

description: The present study estimates the level of marketing margin and marketing efficiency of cassava products (i.e., root tuber, gari, fufu, tapioca, starch, and flour) of 105 marketers from three regions of Delta State, Nigeria using a stochastic profit frontier approach. Results reveal that a rise in purchase price of cassava products as well as unit marketing cost significantly reduce marketing margin. A rise in sale price of cassava products increase marketing margin as expected. Marketing experience significantly improves marketing margin as expected. The mean level of marketing efficiency is very low estimated at 55% implying that marketing margin can be substantially increased by eliminating inefficiency arising out of inappropriate allocation of resources, response to prices and scale of operation. Marketing efficiency is significantly higher for marketers who are farmers and the gender of marketer has no impact on efficiency. However, marketers in the Northern Delta region are relatively efficient but inefficient in Central Delta relative to Southern Delta. Policy implications include investment in market infrastructure to reduce fluctuation in prices and marketing costs and training on marketing and market functions for marketers to develop marketing experience.
The Berwald-type linearisation of generalised connections
Creators: name: Mestdag, Tom
name: Sarlet, Willy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53C05; 58A32

description: We study the existence of a natural `linearisation' process for generalised connections on an affine bundle. It is shown that this leads to an affine generalised connection over a prolonged bundle, which is the analogue of what is called a connection of Berwald type in the standard theory of connections. Various new insights are being obtained in the fine structure of affine bundles over an anchored vector bundle and affineness of generalised connections on such bundles.
description: 25 pages
Reducing nitrogen applications on Irish dairy farms: effectiveness and efficiency of different strategies
Creators: name: Lally, Breda
name: Van Rensburg, Tom M.
name: Lally, Breda
name: Van Rensburg, Tom M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Nitrates Directive
subject: effectiveness
subject: input taxes
subject: regulations

description: In the EU, nitrate pollution from agriculture is regulated by a command and control approach ‐ the Nitrates Directive, with which all member states are expected to comply. Nitrogen restrictions impose production constraints on some farms and can result in reductions in farm income. This paper employs positive mathematical programming (PMP) to estimate the impact of nitrogen restrictions on farm incomes among dairy farms in the Republic of Ireland. The paper also investigates if compliance with the Nitrates Directive in terms of nitrogen application rates would be achieved more effectively by regulation than by taxation. Results show that restrictions on nitrogen use under the Nitrates Directive Action Plan imposes a cost on intensive dairy farms with reductions in income ranging from 0.1% cent to 36%. Findings also show that the limits on applications of nitrogenous material on dairy farms in Ireland would be achieved more effectively and more equitably by regulation than by a uniform tax on nitrogen fertilizer. In some cases a tax on inorganic nitrogen is found to be an ineffective way of achieving the levels of organic nitrogen permitted under the Nitrates Directive.
Additional file 2 of Cross-sectional analysis of circulating tumor DNA in primary colorectal cancer at surgery and during post-surgery follow-up by liquid biopsy
Creators: name: Allegretti, Matteo
name: Cottone, Giuliano
name: Carboni, Fabio
name: Cotroneo, Ettore
name: Casini, Beatrice
name: Giordani, Elena
name: Amoreo, Carla Azzurra
name: Buglioni, Simonetta
name: Diodoro, Maria
name: Pescarmona, Edoardo
name: Zazza, Settimio
name: Federici, Orietta
name: Zeuli, Massimo
name: Conti, Laura
name: Cigliana, Giovanni
name: Fiorentino, Francesco
name: Valle, Mario
name: Giacomini, Patrizio
name: Spinella, Francesca
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Clinical pathological features of the patients. Abbreviations: n.d., not determined.
Some Economic Aspects of Root-Crop Production in Jamaica
Creators: name: Rankine, Lloyd B.
name: Rankine, Lloyd B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries
International Development

description: In terms of total production as well as yields per acre the Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is the most important root-crop in Jamaica and a major component of the sub-sector commonly designated "Domestic agriculture." In 1962 this sub-sectôr contributed %15.5 million to the GDP. By 1972 this had increased to #24.9 million having achieved an annual growth rate of 5·4% while the agricultural sector as a whole grew at only 3*2% per annum and the economy as a whole achieved a growth of 5*3%· Yam production over the period 1965 - 1972 represented between 50$ (1965) and 6 ( 1 9 6 8 ) of the production of the major root-crops grown in Jamaica including sweet potatoes, Irish potatoes and others, and averaged 50$ over the period· Production of Yams rose from 56.6 thousand tons in 1965 to 164,000 tons in 1972.
Facies belts and communities of the Arctic Vesterisbanken Seamount (Central Greenland Sea)
Creators: name: Henrich, Rüdiger
name: Hartmann, Martin
name: Reitner, Joachim
name: Schäfer, Priska
name: Freiwald, André
name: Steinmetz, Stefan
name: Dietrich, Peter
name: Thiede, Jörn
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 1992

description: research
Amaurobius fenestralis
Creators: name: Isaia, Marco
name: Paschetta, Mauro
name: Chiarle, Alberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Amaurobiidae
Amaurobius
Amaurobius fenestralis

description: Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768)
NEW DATA. — Entracque: Vallone del Bousset, Torrente Bousset, beech forest and nearby habitats, 1000-1300 m, 21.IX.2008, 1♂; Valdieri: Vallone di Lorousa, beech forest near stream, 1900- 2000 m, 29.VIII.2009, 1♀; Vernante: Palanfrè, beech forest, 1450 m, 9.IX.2011, 1♂ (MRSN); same locality, 1500 m, 9.IX.2011, 1♂ (MRSN); same locality, 1550 m, 9.IX.2011, 1♀ (MRSN); same locality, 10.IX.2008, 1♀.
 LITERATURE. — Paschetta et al. (2013).
CHOROTYPE. — EUR.
MACROHABITAT. — Alpine pastures, broadleaved woods, riparian habitats.
description: Published as part of Isaia, Marco, Paschetta, Mauro & Chiarle, Alberto, 2015, Annotated checklist of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Site of Community Importance and Special Area of Conservation " Alpi Marittime " (NW Italy), pp. 57-114 in Zoosystema 37 (1) on page 92, DOI: 10.5252/z2015n1a4, http://zenodo.org/record/4577680
Boosting RGB-D Saliency Detection by Leveraging Unlabeled RGB Images
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaoqiang
name: Zhu, Lei
name: Tang, Siliang
name: Fu, Huazhu
name: Li, Ping
name: Wu, Fei
name: Yang, Yi
name: Zhuang, Yueting
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Training deep models for RGB-D salient object detection (SOD) often requires a large number of labeled RGB-D images. However, RGB-D data is not easily acquired, which limits the development of RGB-D SOD techniques. To alleviate this issue, we present a Dual-Semi RGB-D Salient Object Detection Network (DS-Net) to leverage unlabeled RGB images for boosting RGB-D saliency detection. We first devise a depth decoupling convolutional neural network (DDCNN), which contains a depth estimation branch and a saliency detection branch. The depth estimation branch is trained with RGB-D images and then used to estimate the pseudo depth maps for all unlabeled RGB images to form the paired data. The saliency detection branch is used to fuse the RGB feature and depth feature to predict the RGB-D saliency. Then, the whole DDCNN is assigned as the backbone in a teacher-student framework for semi-supervised learning. Moreover, we also introduce a consistency loss on the intermediate attention and saliency maps for the unlabeled data, as well as a supervised depth and saliency loss for labeled data. Experimental results on seven widely-used benchmark datasets demonstrate that our DDCNN outperforms state-of-the-art methods both quantitatively and qualitatively. We also demonstrate that our semi-supervised DS-Net can further improve the performance, even when using an RGB image with the pseudo depth map.
description: Accepted by IEEE TIP
Predicting morphotropic phase boundary locations and transition temperatures in Pb- and Bi-based perovskite solid solutions from crystal chemical data and first-principles calculations
Creators: name: Grinberg, Ilya
name: Suchomel, Matthew R.
name: Davies, P. K.
name: Rappe, Andrew M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using data obtained from first-principles calculations, we show that the position of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) and transition temperature at MPB in ferroelectric perovskite solutions can be predicted with quantitative accuracy from the properties of the constituent cations. We find that the mole fraction of PbTiO$_3$ at MPB in Pb(B$'$B$''$)O$_3$-PbTiO$_3$, BiBO$_3$-PbTiO$_3$ and Bi(B$'$B$''$)O$_3$-PbTiO$_3$ exhibits a linear dependence on the ionic size (tolerance factor) and the ionic displacements of the B-cations as found by density functional theory calculations. This dependence is due to competition between the local repulsion and A-cation displacement alignment interactions. Inclusion of first-principles displacement data also allows accurate prediction of transiton temperatures at the MPB. The obtained structure-property correlations are used to predict morphotropic phase boundaries and transition temperatures in as yet unsynthesized solid solutions.
description: Accepted for publication in J. Appl. Phys
Quantum Field Effect on Symmetry Breaking and Restoration in Anisotropic Spacetimes
Creators: name: Huang, Wung-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The one-loop effective potential for $ϕ^4$ theory on a Bianchi type-I universe is evaluated in the adiabatic approximation. It is used to see the quantum-field effects on symmetry breaking and restoration in anisotropic spacetimes. The results show that the fate of symmetry will not be changed in the cases of conformal coupling or a vanishing scale curvature, and only for some suitable values of scalar-gravitational coupling could the symmetry be radiatively broken or restored.
Rhinolophus formosae Sanborn 1939, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Sanborn, Colin Campbell
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1939
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus
Rhinolophus formosae

description: Rhinolophus formosae sp. nov. Type from Formosa. No. 46001 Field Museum of Natural History. Adult male in alcohol. Collected by M. Maki. Characters.— A member of the luctus group, about the size of beddomei. Sella higher but narrower than that of trifoliatus. Lancet long, sides not concave, tip blunt, forming a long triangle. Ears with short, blunt point, being but slightly concave on outer edge. Wing structure and attachment as in all other members of the luctus group. Color very dark brown. Skull about the size of beddomei but much narrower. Sagittal crest sloping gradually toward post-nasal depression. Upper premolar two in row; lower premolar three in row, but in type more crowded on one side than on the other. Measurements— Forearm 60.2; third finger, metacarpal 40.4, first phalanx 23.5, second phalanx 30.5; fourth finger, metacarpal 47.4, first phalanx 12.5, second phalanx 21.8; fifth finger, metacarpal 48.8, first phalanx 14.4, second phalanx 21.8. Ear 32; tibia 32.8; tail 39.8. Skull broken: greatest length 27.4; width across nasal swellings 6.5; zygomatic width 12.4 plus; mastoid width 11.7; width of braincase 10; upper toothrow 10.2. Specimens examined.— One, the type. Remarks.— The nearest geographic neighbor of Rhinolophus formosae is. lanosus from Fukien, which it resembles in some characters, although it is much smaller. Considering the solitary and retiring habits of this group of bats it is not surprising that a member of it has not been found in Formosa until now.
description: Published as part of Sanborn, Colin Campbell, 1939, Eight New Bats Of The Genus Rhinolophus, pp. 37-43 in Zoological Series Of Field Museum Of Natural History 24 (5) on pages 41-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3757907
Phrurolithus festivus
Creators: name: Isaia, Marco
name: Paschetta, Mauro
name: Chiarle, Alberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Corinnidae
Phrurolithus
Phrurolithus festivus

description: Phrurolithus festivus (C. L. Koch, 1835)
NEW DATA. — Entracque: Vallone del Bousset, Torrente Bousset, beech forest and nearby habitats, 1000-1300 m, 21.IX.2008, 1♀; Valdieri: pathway to Pian del Valasco, beech forest near stream, 1500-2000 m, 11.VII-27.VIII.2009 (pitfall traps), 1♀; same locality, 29. VI.2009, 1♀; southern slope of Monte Bourel, Vallone della Meris, Sant’Anna di Valdieri, Alpine prairies with rocky debris, 1500-2300 m, 1-31.VIII.2011 (pitfall traps), 2♂; Vernante: Palan - frè, beech forest, 1450 m, 11.VIII.2011, 3♀ (MRSN); Palanfrè, Gias della Luia, Alpine pasture, 1600 m, 3.VII.2010, 20♂, 18♀, leg. B. Rizzioli; Vallone degli Alberghi, sparse wood, grassland and rock-debris, 1400-2000 m, 5. VI.2010, 1♀.
CHOROTYPE. — PAL.
MACROHABITAT. — Alpine pastures, Alpine prairies, broadleaved woods, shrublands, riparian habitats.
NOTES. — New record for the study area.
description: Published as part of Isaia, Marco, Paschetta, Mauro & Chiarle, Alberto, 2015, Annotated checklist of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Site of Community Importance and Special Area of Conservation " Alpi Marittime " (NW Italy), pp. 57-114 in Zoosystema 37 (1) on page 94, DOI: 10.5252/z2015n1a4, http://zenodo.org/record/4577680
Stochastic stability of diffeomorphisms with dominated splitting
Creators: name: Alves, Jose F.
name: Araujo, Vitor
name: Vasquez, Carlos H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37D25; 37C40; 37H15

description: We prove that the statistical properties of random perturbations of a nonuniformly hyperbolic diffeomorphism are described by a finite number of stationary measures. We also give necessary and sufficient conditions for the stochastic stability of such dynamical systems. We show that a certain $C^2$-open class of nonuniformly hyperbolic diffeomorphisms introduced in [Alves, J; Bonatti, C. and Viana, V., SRB measures for partially hyperbolic systems with mostly expanding central direction, Invent. Math., 140 (2000), 351-398] are stochastically stable. Our setting encompasses that of partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms as well. Moreover, the techniques used enable us to obtain SRB measures in this setting through zero-noise limit measures.
description: 32 pages; introduction revised and proofs detailed
A rapidly evolving secretome builds and patterns a sea shell
Creators: name: Jackson, Daniel J.
name: McDougall, Carmel
name: Green, Kathryn
name: Simpson, Fiona
name: Wörheide, Gert
name: Degnan, Bernard M.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2006

description: Background: Instructions to fabricate mineralized structures with distinct nanoscale architectures, such as seashells and coral and vertebrate skeletons, are encoded in the genomes of a wide variety of animals. In mollusks, the mantle is responsible for the extracellular production of the shell, directing the ordered biomineralization of CaCO3 and the deposition of architectural and color patterns. The evolutionary origins of the ability to synthesize calcified structures across various metazoan taxa remain obscure, with only a small number of protein families identified from molluskan shells. The recent sequencing of a wide range of metazoan genomes coupled with the analysis of gene expression in non-model animals has allowed us to investigate the evolution and process of biomineralization in gastropod mollusks.
description: Results: Here we show that over 25% of the genes expressed in the mantle of the vetigastropod Haliotis asinina encode secreted proteins, indicating that hundreds of proteins are likely to be contributing to shell fabrication and patterning. Almost 85% of the secretome encodes novel proteins; remarkably, only 19% of these have identifiable homologues in the full genome of the patellogastropod Lottia scutum. The spatial expression profiles of mantle genes that belong to the secretome is restricted to discrete mantle zones, with each zone responsible for the fabrication of one of the structural layers of the shell. Patterned expression of a subset of genes along the length of the mantle is indicative of roles in shell ornamentation. For example, Has-sometsuke maps precisely to pigmentation patterns in the shell, providing the first case of a gene product to be involved in molluskan shell pigmentation. We also describe the expression of two novel genes involved in nacre (mother of pearl) deposition.
description: research
Simulating core excitation in breakup reactions of halo nuclei using an effective three-body force
Creators: name: Capel, P.
name: Phillips, D. R.
name: Hammer, H. -W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend our previous calculation of the breakup of 11Be using Halo Effective Field Theory and the Dynamical Eikonal Approximation to include an effective 10Be-n-target force. The force is constructed to account for the virtual excitation of 10Be to its low-lying 2+ excited state. In the case of breakup on a 12C target this improves the description of the neutron-energy and angular spectra, especially in the vicinity of the 11Be 5/2+ state. By fine-tuning the range parameters of the three-body force, a reasonable description of data in the region of the 3/2+ 11Be state can also be obtained. This sensitivity to the three-body force's range results from the structure of the overlap integral that governs the 11Be s-to-d-state transitions induced by the three-body force.
description: Accepted for publication within Physics Letters B; 9 pages, 4 figures
title: Dietary and genetic influences on fatty acid composition of sheepmeat
Creators: name: Wachira, Ann Mumbi
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1999

description: Three experiments were carried out to investigate dietary and genetic factors influencing the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content of sheepmeat. In the first experiment, four isoenergetic and iso-nitrogenous diets, based on dried grass with similar fat levels (60 g/kg OM) from different sources; Megalac (control), linseed (a-linolenic acid, CI8:3n-3), fish oil (eicosapentaenoic, C20:5n-3 and docosahexaenoic, C22:6n-3 acids) and linseed plus fish oil were fed to four rumen and duodenal cannulated sheep in a 4x4 Latin square design. Biohydrogenation of C 18:3n-3 was, 80-92 % in all diets, while that of C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 was 58-74 %. Dietary n-3 PUFA decreased microbial efficiency (p<0.05) measured using the total purine technique as a microbial marker, whilst fish oil depressed fibre digestion in the rumen (p<0.01). In experiment two, the same four diets were randomly allocated to 72 lambs from three breeds; Suffolk, Soayand Friesland blocked on live weight. Muscle fatty acid content was 2.4-2.8 % of tissue weight. Compared to the control diet, linseed doubled the quantity of CI8:3n-3 in muscle and increased levels of C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 by 0.5 (p<0.001). Fish oil alone increased C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 by 3-4 times (p<0.001), whilst the mixed diet resulted in n-3 PUFA levels intermediate between the linseed and fish oil diets. Soay lambs deposited more PUF A on the control diet than Suffolk or Friesland lambs (p<0.05). In the third experiment three iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets, with different fat sources, Megalac or formaldehyde treated linseed (protected) with or without fish oil, and with two levels of vitamin E 100 (low) and 500 (high) mg/kg OM were randomly allocated to 96 lambs from two breeds; Suffolk and Scottish Blackface blocked on live weight. Muscle fatty acid content was 2.3-3.1 % of tissue weight but was lower in control fed lambs (p3 mg/kg muscle) in all lambs fed any of the diets. Overall, dietary modifications were more effective than genetic factors in increasing the n-3 PUF A in sheepmeat.
Biomineralization of calcified skeletons in three Pacific coralline demosponges - an approach to the evolution of basal skeletons
Creators: name: Reitner, Joachim
name: Wörheide, Gert
name: Lange, Robert
name: Thiel, Volker
Publisher: name: Senckenbergische Naturforschende Ges., Frankfurth am Main
Year: 1997

description: research
Phrurolithus minimus C. L. Koch 1839
Creators: name: Isaia, Marco
name: Paschetta, Mauro
name: Chiarle, Alberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Corinnidae
Phrurolithus
Phrurolithus minimus

description: Phrurolithus minimus C. L. Koch, 1839
NEW DATA. — Entracque: Tetti Violin, grassland with bushes, 900- 1100 m, 10.VI.2011, 1♂ (collected within the PIT Summer School 2011); Valdieri: pathway to Pian del Valasco, beech forest near stream, 1500-2000 m, 29.VI.2009, 1♀; southern slope of Monte Bourel, Vallone della Meris, Sant’Anna di Valdieri, Alpine prairies with rocky debris, 1500-2300 m, 1-31.VIII.2011 (pitfall traps), 1♂.
CHOROTYPE. — EUR.
MACROHABITAT. — Alpine pastures, Alpine prairies, broadleaved woods, shrublands, riparian habitats.
NOTES. — New record for the study area.
description: Published as part of Isaia, Marco, Paschetta, Mauro & Chiarle, Alberto, 2015, Annotated checklist of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Site of Community Importance and Special Area of Conservation " Alpi Marittime " (NW Italy), pp. 57-114 in Zoosystema 37 (1) on page 94, DOI: 10.5252/z2015n1a4, http://zenodo.org/record/4577680
Additional file 1 of Cross-sectional analysis of circulating tumor DNA in primary colorectal cancer at surgery and during post-surgery follow-up by liquid biopsy
Creators: name: Allegretti, Matteo
name: Cottone, Giuliano
name: Carboni, Fabio
name: Cotroneo, Ettore
name: Casini, Beatrice
name: Giordani, Elena
name: Amoreo, Carla Azzurra
name: Buglioni, Simonetta
name: Diodoro, Maria
name: Pescarmona, Edoardo
name: Zazza, Settimio
name: Federici, Orietta
name: Zeuli, Massimo
name: Conti, Laura
name: Cigliana, Giovanni
name: Fiorentino, Francesco
name: Valle, Mario
name: Giacomini, Patrizio
name: Spinella, Francesca
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Patient population.
Bayesian model inversion using stochastic spectral embedding
Creators: name: Wagner, P. -R.
name: Marelli, S.
name: Sudret, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we propose a new sampling-free approach to solve Bayesian model inversion problems that is an extension of the previously proposed spectral likelihood expansions (SLE) method. Our approach, called stochastic spectral likelihood embedding (SSLE), uses the recently presented stochastic spectral embedding (SSE) method for local spectral expansion refinement to approximate the likelihood function at the core of Bayesian inversion problems. We show that, similar to SLE, this approach results in analytical expressions for key statistics of the Bayesian posterior distribution, such as evidence, posterior moments and posterior marginals, by direct post-processing of the expansion coefficients. Because SSLE and SSE rely on the direct approximation of the likelihood function, they are in a way independent of the computational/mathematical complexity of the forward model. We further enhance the efficiency of SSLE by introducing a likelihood specific adaptive sample enrichment scheme. To showcase the performance of the proposed SSLE, we solve three problems that exhibit different kinds of complexity in the likelihood function: multimodality, high posterior concentration and high nominal dimensionality. We demonstrate how SSLE significantly improves on SLE, and present it as a promising alternative to existing inversion frameworks.
Role of Data Augmentation Strategies in Knowledge Distillation for Wearable Sensor Data
Creators: name: Jeon, Eun Som
name: Som, Anirudh
name: Shukla, Ankita
name: Hasanaj, Kristina
name: Buman, Matthew P.
name: Turaga, Pavan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Deep neural networks are parametrized by several thousands or millions of parameters, and have shown tremendous success in many classification problems. However, the large number of parameters makes it difficult to integrate these models into edge devices such as smartphones and wearable devices. To address this problem, knowledge distillation (KD) has been widely employed, that uses a pre-trained high capacity network to train a much smaller network, suitable for edge devices. In this paper, for the first time, we study the applicability and challenges of using KD for time-series data for wearable devices. Successful application of KD requires specific choices of data augmentation methods during training. However, it is not yet known if there exists a coherent strategy for choosing an augmentation approach during KD. In this paper, we report the results of a detailed study that compares and contrasts various common choices and some hybrid data augmentation strategies in KD based human activity analysis. Research in this area is often limited as there are not many comprehensive databases available in the public domain from wearable devices. Our study considers databases from small scale publicly available to one derived from a large scale interventional study into human activity and sedentary behavior. We find that the choice of data augmentation techniques during KD have a variable level of impact on end performance, and find that the optimal network choice as well as data augmentation strategies are specific to a dataset at hand. However, we also conclude with a general set of recommendations that can provide a strong baseline performance across databases.
A new approach to gravitational clustering: a path-integral formalism and large-N expansions
Creators: name: Valageas, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the formation of large-scale structures through gravitational instability in the expanding universe can be fully described through a path-integral formalism. We derive the action S[f] which gives the statistical weight associated with any phase-space distribution function f(x,p,t). This action S describes both the average over the Gaussian initial conditions and the Vlasov-Poisson dynamics. Next, applying a standard method borrowed from field theory we generalize our problem to an N-field system and we look for an expansion over powers of 1/N. We describe three such methods and we derive the corresponding equations of motion at the lowest non-trivial order for the case of gravitational clustering. This yields a set of non-linear equations for the mean $\fb$ and the two-point correlation G of the phase-space distribution f, as well as for the response function R. These systematic schemes match the usual perturbative expansion on quasi-linear scales but should also be able to handle the non-linear regime. Our approach can also be extended to non-Gaussian initial conditions and may serve as a basis for other tools borrowed from field theory.
description: 22 pages, final version published in A&A
Properties of O VI Absorption in the Local Interstellar Medium
Creators: name: Savage, Blair D.
name: Lehner, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the properties of LISM O VI absorption observed with 20 km/s resolution FUSE observations of 39 white dwarfs (WDs) ranging in distance from 37 to 230 pc with a median distance of 109 pc. LISM O VI is detected with >2sigma significance along 24 of 39 lines of sight. The column densities range from log N(O VI) = 12.38 to 13.60 with a median value of 13.10. The line of sight volume density, n(O VI) = N(O VI)/d exhibits a large dispersion ranging from (0.68 to 13.0)x10(-8) cm(-3) with an average value 3.6x10(-8) cm(-3) twice larger than found for more distant sight lines in the Galactic disk. The narrowest profiles are consistent with thermal Doppler broadening of O VI near its temperature of peak abundance, 2.8x10(5) K. Comparison of the average velocities of O VI and C II absorption reveals 10 cases where the O VI absorption is closely aligned with the C II absorption as expected if the O VI is formed in a condensing interface between the cool and warm absorption and a hot exterior gas. The comparison also reveals 13 cases where O VI absorption is displaced to positive velocity by 7 to 29 km/s from the average velocity of C II. The positive velocity O VI appears to be tracing the evaporative flow of O VI from a young interface between warm gas and a hot exterior medium. However, it is possible the positive velocity O VI is instead tracing cooling hot Local Bubble (LB) gas. The properties of the O VI absorption in the LISM are broadly consistent with the expectations of the theory of conductive interfaces caught in the old condensing phase and possibly in the young evaporative phase of their evolution.
description: 64 pages and 12 figures. Accepted by the Astrophysical Journal Supplement, January 2006, v162