cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Observations of Short-Period Ion-Scale Current Sheet Flapping
Creators: name: Richard, L.
name: Khotyaintsev, Yu. V.
name: Graham, D. B.
name: Sitnov, M. I.
name: Contel, O. Le
name: Lindqvist, P. -A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kink-like flapping motions of current sheets are commonly observed in the magnetotail. Such oscillations have periods of a few minutes down to a few seconds and they propagate toward the flanks of the plasma sheet. Here, we report a short-period ($T\approx25$ s) flapping event of a thin current sheet observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft in the dusk-side plasma sheet following a fast Earthward plasma flow. We characterize the flapping structure using the multi-spacecraft spatiotemporal derivative and timing methods, and we find that the wave-like structure is propagating along the average current direction with a phase velocity comparable to the ion velocity. We show that the wavelength of the oscillating current sheet scales with its thickness as expected for a drift-kink mode. The decoupling of the ion bulk motion from the electron bulk motion suggests that the current sheet is thin. We discuss the presence of the lower hybrid waves associated with gradients of density as a broadening process of the thin current sheet.
description: Submitted to JGR: Space Physics
Chandra and XMM-Newton Observations of NGC 6251
Creators: name: Evans, D. A.
name: Hardcastle, M. J.
name: Croston, J. H.
name: Worrall, D. M.
name: Birkinshaw, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new X-ray observations of the nucleus, jet and extended emission of the nearby radio galaxy NGC 6251 using the Chandra/ACIS-S camera, together with a reanalysis of archival Chandra/ACIS-I and XMM-Newton/EPIC data. We find that the nuclear X-ray spectrum is well-fitted with an absorbed power-law, and that there is tentative, but not highly significant, evidence for Fe K$α$ emission. We argue that the observed nuclear X-ray emission is likely to originate in a relativistic jet, based on the double-peaked nature, and our synchrotron self-Compton modelling, of the radio-to-X-ray spectral energy distribution. However, we cannot rule out a contribution from an accretion flow. We resolve X-ray jet emission in three distinct regions, and argue in favour of a synchrotron origin for all three; inverse-Compton emission models are possible but require extreme parameters. We detect thermal emission on both galaxy and group scales, and demonstrate that hot gas can confine the jet, particularly if relativistic beaming is important. We show evidence that the radio lobe has evacuated a cavity in the X-ray-emitting gas, and suggest that the lobe is close to the plane of the sky, with the jet entering the lobe close to the surface nearest to the observer.
description: 27 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Minor typographical issues updated
The effect of practice on the visual control of rapid aiming movements
Creators: name: Khan, Michael Angus
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Numerous everyday activities require individuals to make rapid movements to specific locations in space (e.g., pointing, reaching and grasping, catching). Although it is generally accepted that vision plays an important role in both the control and acquisition of goal directed movement, it is still not fully understood how vision is used and in what way its role changes as a function of practice. There were two primary goals of the present research. The first was to examine how the reliance on visual feedback in the control of rapid aiming movements changes with practice. The second was to investigate how participants adapt control strategies to optimize performance under different visual feedback conditions. Three experiments were conducted in which we examined (1) the influence of visual feedback on the centrally planned initial impulse and feedback-based error correction phases during acquisition; and (2) the effect of removing visual feedback at different levels of practice. The results indicated that in both the acquisition trials and transfer tests, vision had a major impact on the spatio-temporal properties of the initial impulse and error correction phases. It is proposed that learning involved a dual process of improved programming and increased efficiency of feedback processing. Within this framework, practice not only acted on programming and feedback processes directly, but also indirectly through a reciprocal interplay between both processes. On one side, improvements in the programming of the initial impulse decreased the frequency of error correction phases and facilitated the efficiency of the correction process. On the other side, the proficiency to utilize sensory information influenced the programming of the initial impulse. When participants had visual feedback, they planned their movements to use this effective source of information. As a result, the reliance on visual feedback processing remained even after extensive levels of practice. When visual feedback was not available, movements were planned to minimize the need for sensory-based error correction.
Elastic properties of polycrystalline YBa_2Cu_3O_7: Evidence for granularity induced martensitic behavior
Creators: name: Stari, C.
name: Moreno-Gobbi, A.
name: Mombru, A. W.
name: Sergeenkov, S.
name: Lanfredi, A. J. C.
name: Cardoso, C. A.
name: Araujo-Moreira, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we present the study of the elastic properties of polycrystalline samples of superconducting YBa_2Cu_3O_7 prepared by the sol-gel method. The quality of all samples was checked by x-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscopy while their physical properties were verified by transport and magnetic measurements. The elastic study was performed using the standard pulse-echo technique through measuring the phase velocity and the attenuation of ultrasonic waves (in the range of a few MHz) as a function of temperature. We have focused this study on the low temperatures interval (T < 200K). The obtained results show a strong hysteretic behavior in the ultrasonic attenuation (in addition to usually observed hysteretic behavior for the velocity) which strongly supports the existence of a martensitic-like phase above the superconducting critical temperature T_C. We argue that this peculiar behavior can be attributed to the granularity present in the samples.
description: Physica C (in press)
The Gravitational Energy of a Black Hole
Creators: name: Ha, Yuan K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An exact energy expression for a physical black hole is derived by considering the escape of a photon from the black hole. The mass of the black hole within its horizon is found to be twice its mass as observed at infinity. This result is important in understanding gravitational waves in black hole collisions.
Discovery of the radio and X-ray counterpart of TeV Gamma-ray source HESS J1731-347
Creators: name: Tian, W. W.
name: Leahy, D. A.
name: Haverkorn, M.
name: Jiang, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discover a faint shell-type radio and X-ray source, G353.6-0.7, associated with HESS J1731-347. G353.6-0.7 is likely an old supernova remnant (SNR), based on radio (0.8 GHz, 1.4 GHz and 5 GHz), infrared (8 $μ$m from the GLIMPSE Legacy Project and 21 $μ$m from the Midcourse Space Experiment), and X-ray (0.1 keV - 2.4 keV from the ROSAT survey and 5 - 20 keV from the INTEGRAL survey) data. The SNR, centered at ({\sl l}, {\sl b})=(353.55, -0.65) with a radius of $\sim$ 0.25$^{\circ}$, closely matches the outline of the recently discovered extended TeV source HESS J1731-347, which has no previously identified counterpart. A diffuse X-ray enhancement detected in the ROSAT all-sky survey is coincident with lower half shell of the SNR. Therefore the SNR is the best radio counterpart of both the HESS source and the diffuse X-ray enhancement. G353.6-0.7 has an age of $\sim$ 27000 yrs. Altogether, the new discovery provides the best case that an old SNR emits TeV $γ$-rays.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted by ApJ Letters
Cosmological Family Asymmetry and CP violation
Creators: name: Fujihara, T.
name: Kaneko, S.
name: Kang, S.
name: Kimura, D.
name: Morozumi, T.
name: Tanimoto, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss how the cosmological baryon asymmetry can be achieved by the lepton family asymmetries of heavy Majorana neutrino decays and they are related to CP violation in neutrino oscillation, in the minimal seesaw model with two heavy Majorana neutrinos. We derive the most general formula for CP violation in neutrino oscillation in terms of the heavy Majorana masses and Yukawa mass term. It is shown that the formula is very useful to classify several models in which $e-$, $μ-$ and $τ-$leptogenesis can be separately realized and to see how they are connected with low energy CP violaton. To make the models predictive, we take texture with two zeros in the Dirac neutrino Yukawa matrix. In particular, we find some interesting cases in which CP violation in neutrino oscillation can happen while lepton family asymmetries do not exist at all. On the contrary, we can find $e-$, $μ-$ and $τ-$leptogenesis scenarios in which the cosmological CP violation and low energy CP violation measurable via neutrino oscillations are very closely related to each other. By determining the allowed ranges of the parameters in the models, we predict the sizes of CP violation in neutrino oscillation and $|V_{e3}^{MNS}|$. Finally, the leptonic unitarity triangles are reconstructed.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures A figure caption corrected
Solving diner's dilemma game, circuit implementation, and verification on IBMQ simulator
Creators: name: Anand, Amit
name: Behera, Bikash K.
name: Panigrahi, Prasanta K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diners dilemma is one of the most interesting problems in both economic and game theories. Here, we solve this problem for n (number of players) =4 with quantum rules and we are able to remove the dilemma of diners between the Pareto optimal and Nash equilibrium points of the game. We find the quantum strategy that gives maximum payoff for each diner without affecting the payoff and strategy of others. We use the quantum principles of superposition and entanglement that gives supremacy over any classical strategies. We present the circuit implementation for the game, design it on the IBM quantum simulator and verify the strategies in the quantum model.
Violations of the Leggett-Garg inequality for coherent and cat states
Creators: name: Azuma, Hiroo
name: Ban, Masashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that in some cases the coherent state can have a larger violation of the Leggett-Garg inequality (LGI) than the cat state by numerical calculations. To achieve this result, we consider the LGI of the cavity mode weakly coupled to a zero-temperature environment as a practical instance of the physical system. We assume that the bosonic mode undergoes dissipation because of an interaction with the environment but is not affected by dephasing. Solving the master equation exactly, we derive an explicit form of the violation of the inequality for both systems prepared initially in the coherent state $|α\rangle$ and the cat state $(|α\rangle+|-α\rangle)$. For the evaluation of the inequality, we choose the displaced parity operators characterized by a complex number $β$. We look for the optimum parameter $β$ that lets the upper bound of the inequality be maximum numerically. Contrary to our expectations, the coherent state occasionally exhibits quantum quality more strongly than the cat state for the upper bound of the violation of the LGI in a specific range of three equally spaced measurement times (spacing $τ$). Moreover, as we let $τ$ approach zero, the optimized parameter $β$ diverges and the LGI reveals intense singularity.
description: 29 pages, 14 eps figures, latex2e; v2: The title has been changed. We have improved Sect. 8 and added many references; v3: Equation (57) has been modified
Perceived Negative and Positive Impacts of Redefining Older Persons in Thailand
Creators: name: Rossarin Soottipong Gray, Umaporn Pattaravanich
Publisher: name: The Thai Association of the Population and Social Researchers
Year: 2015
Subjects: chronological age, definition of older person, positive attribute, qualitative research

description: 1, 23, Journal of Population and Social Studies
Evolution of rapidly rotating metal-poor massive stars towards gamma-ray bursts
Creators: name: Yoon, Sung-Chul
name: Langer, Norbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent models of rotating massive stars including magnetic fields prove it difficult for the cores of single stars to retain enough angular momentum to produce a collapsar and gamma-ray burst. At low metallicity, even very massive stars may retain a massive hydrogen envelope due to the weakness of the stellar winds, posing an additional obstacle to the collapsar model. Here, we consider the evolution of massive, magnetic stars where rapid rotation induces almost chemically homogeneous evolution. We find that in this case, the requirements of the collapsar model are rather easily fulfilled if the metallicity sufficiently small: 1) Rapidly rotating helium stars are formed without the need to remove the hydrogen envelope, avoiding mass-loss induced spin-down. 2) Angular momentum transport from the helium core to hydrogen envelope by magnetic torques is insignificant. We demonstrate this by calculating evolutionary models of massive stars with various metallicities, and derive an upper metallicity limit for this scenario based on currently proposed mass loss rates. Our models also suggest the existence of a lower CO-core mass limit of about 10 Msun -- which relates to an initial mass of only about 20 Msun within our scenario -- for GRB production. We argue that the relative importance of the considered GRB progenitor channel, compared to any channel related to binary stars, may increase with decreasing metallicity, and that this channel might be the major path to GRBs from first stars.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, submitted to A&A
Quantum transport through a double Aharonov-Bohm-interferometer in the presence of Andreev reflection
Creators: name: Zhang, Yong-Ping
name: Yu, Hui
name: Gao, Ying-Fang
name: Liang, J. -Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum transport through a double Aharonov-Bohm-interferometer in the presence of Andreev reflection is investigated in terms of the nonequilibrium Green function method with which the reflection current is obtained. Tunable Andreev reflection probabilities depending on the interdot coupling strength and magnetic flux as well are analysised in detail. It is found that the oscillation period of the reflection probability with respect to the magnetic flux for the double interferometer depends linearly on the ratio of two parts magnetic fluxes n, i.e. 2(n+1)pi, while that of a single interferometer is 2pi. The coupling strength not only affects the height and the linewidth of Andreev reflection current peaks vs gate votage but also shifts the peak positions. It is furthermore demonstrated that the Andreev reflection current peaks can be tuned by the magnetic fluxes.
description: 13 pages, 12 figure
MINERvA: a dedicated neutrino scattering experiment at NuMI
Creators: name: McFarland, Kevin S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MINERvA is a dedicated neutrino cross-section experiment planned for the near detector hall of the NuMI neutrino beam at Fermilab. I summarize the detector design and physics capabilities of the experiment.
description: Comments: to appear in the proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few-GeV Region (NuInt05)
Long-term stability of the STS prototype sensors irradiated to 2$\times$10$^{14}$ n$_{eq}$cm$^{-2}$
Creators: name: Larionov, P.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
An infection process near criticality: Influence of the initial condition
Creators: name: Krapivsky, P. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate how the initial number of infected individuals affects the behavior of the critical susceptible-infected-recovered process. We analyze the outbreak size distribution, duration of the outbreaks, and the role of fluctuations.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
Scaling variability from stellar to supermassive black holes
Creators: name: Done, Chris
name: Gierlinski, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the correspondence between the variability seen in the stellar and supermassive black holes. Galactic Black Hole (GBH) power density spectra (PDS) are generally complex, and dependent on spectral state. In the low/hard state the high-frequency rollover in the PDS moves in a way which is not simply related to luminosity. Hence this feature can only be used as an approximate indicator rather than as an accurate tracer of black hole mass in AGN. The X-ray spectrum in the high/soft state is dominated by the disc in GBH, which is rather stable. We show that the PDS of the Comptonized tail in GBH can be much more variable, and that it is this which should be compared to AGN due to their much lower disc temperature. This bandpass effect removes a problem in interpreting the (often highly variable) Narrow Line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies as the counterparts of the high mass accretion rate GBH. Additionally, we speculate that some NLS1 (e.g. Akn 564) are counterparts of the very high state. The Comptonized tail in this state is also highly variable, but with PDS which can be roughly described as band-limited noise. This shape is similar to that seen in the low/hard state, so merely seeing such band-limited noise in the power spectrum of an AGN does not necessarily imply low luminosity. We also stress that Cyg X-1, often used for comparison with AGN, is not a typical black hole system due to its persistent nature. In particular, the shape of its power spectrum in the high/soft state is markedly different from that of other (transient) GBH systems in this state. The fact that the NLS1s NGC 4051 and MCG-6-30-15 do appear to show a power spectrum similar to that of the high/soft state of Cyg X-1 may lend observational support to theoretical speculation that the Hydrogen ionization disc instability does not operate in AGN.
description: Revised version accepted for publication in MNRAS. Please note that the title has been changed
The Averaging Problem in Cosmology and Macroscopic Gravity
Creators: name: Zalaletdinov, Roustam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The averaging problem in cosmology and the approach of macroscopic gravity to resolve the problem is discussed. The averaged Einstein equations of macroscopic gravity are modified on cosmological scales by the macroscopic gravitational correlation tensor terms as compared with the Einstein equations of general relativity. This correlation tensor satisfies a system of structure and field equations. An exact cosmological solution to the macroscopic gravity equations for a constant macroscopic gravitational connection correlation tensor for a flat spatially homogeneous, isotropic macroscopic space-time is presented. The correlation tensor term in the macroscopic Einstein equations has been found to take the form of either a negative or positive spatial curvature term. Thus, macroscopic gravity provides a cosmological model for a flat spatially homogeneous, isotropic Universe which obeys the dynamical law for either an open or closed Universe.
description: 8 pages, LaTeX, ws-ijmpa.cls, few style and typo corrections. Based on the plenary talk given at the Second Stueckelberg Workshop, ICRANet Coordinating Center, Pescara, Italy, September 3-7, 2007. To appear in International Journal of Modern Physics A (2008)
$R$-mode Stability of GW190814's Secondary Component as a Supermassive and Superfast Pulsar
Creators: name: Zhou, Xia
name: Li, Ang
name: Li, Bao-An
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of GW190814's secondary component $m_2$ of mass $(2.50-2.67)\,\text{M}_{\odot}$ in the mass gap between the currently known maximum mass of neutron stars and the minimum mass of black holes is currently under hot debate. Among the many possibilities proposed in the literature, the $m_2$ was suggested as a superfast pulsar while its r-mode stability against the run-away gravitational radiation through the Chandrasekhar-Friedman-Schutz mechanism is still unknown. Using those fulfilling all currently known astrophysical and nuclear physics constraints among a sample of 33 unified equation of states (EOSs) constructed previously by Fortin {\it et al.} (2016) using the same nuclear interactions from the crust to the core consistently, we compare the minimum frequency required for the $m_2$ to rotationally sustain a mass higher than $2.50\,\text{M}_{\odot}$ with the critical frequency above which the r-mode instability occurs. We use two extreme damping models assuming the crust is either perfectly rigid or elastic. Using the stability of 19 observed low-mass x-ray binaries as an indication that the rigid crust damping of the r-mode dominates within the models studied, we find that the $m_2$ is r-mode stable while rotating with a frequency higher than 870.2 Hz (0.744 times its Kepler frequency of 1169.6 Hz) as long as its temperate is lower than about $3.9\times 10^7 K$, further supporting the proposal that GW190814's secondary component is a supermassive and superfast pulsar.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, version accepted for publication in ApJ
A front-end electronics test board for the CBM Silicon Tracking System
Creators: name: Kleipa, V.
name: Simons, C.
name: Soyk, D.
name: Schmidt, C. J.
name: Carpenter, J.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Kremers, Heinz: Die Juden und Martin Luther - Martin Luther und die Juden
Creators: name: Krüger, Hanfried
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 35 Nr. 2 (1986): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 35, Heft 2
Direct Detection of Supersymmetric Particles in Neutrino Telescopes
Creators: name: Albuquerque, Ivone F. M.
name: Burdman, Gustavo
name: Chacko, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In supersymmetric theories where the lightest supersymmetric particle is the gravitino the next to lightest supersymmetric particle is typically a long lived charged slepton. In this paper, following our earlier proposal, we perform a detailed study of the production of pairs of these particles induced by the interactions of high energy cosmic neutrinos with nucleons in the earth, their propagation through the earth and finally their detection in neutrino telescopes. We investigate the charged slepton energy loss in detail and establish that the relatively small cross-section for the production of supersymmetric particles is partially compensated for by the very long range of these heavy particles. The signal, consisting of two parallel charged tracks emerging from the earth, is characterized by a track separation of a few hundred meters. We perform a careful analysis of the main background, coming from direct di-muon production, and show that it can be separated from the signal due to its characteristically smaller track separation. We conclude that neutrino telescopes will complement collider searches in the determination of the supersymmetry breaking scale, and may even provide the first evidence for supersymmetry at the weak scale.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, final version in the Physical Review D
To Study The Variation of Dark Energy Scalar Fields In The Homogeneous Universe Using k-Essence Scalar Field Model
Creators: name: MUKHOPADHYAY, TAMAL
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Dark Energy
Early Universe
k-essence Scalar Field
Inhomogeneous Cosmology
Modified Matter Models
General Relativity
Accelerated Universe

description: This study explores the complex dynamics of the inhomogeneous k-essence scalar field in cosmology, specifically focusing on its implications for dark energy evolution. Through a comprehensive approach integrating Lagrangian analysis and exploration of the LTB metric, the research establishes crucial connections between dark energy components and the universe's scale factor. Key findings highlight the interplay between inhomogeneous and homogeneous aspects of the scalar field, emphasizing the influence of constants B and D on the spatial-temporal geometry. The insights contribute to understanding dark energy's origins, suggesting a singular scalar field explanation for both dark energy and accelerated cosmic expansion, offering implications for refining observational data and enhancing our comprehension of cosmic evolution.
description: A lagrangian is set up using inhomogeneous k-essence scalar field ϕ(r, t) where thekinetic term is dominated over the potential term. The k-essence field is taken tobe the source of dark energy in the universe. The lagrangian is solved consideringinhomogeneous LTB metric and the expressions for ϕ1(r), ϕ2(t) is obtained. It isshown that under certain approximation, the LTB metric reduces to flat FLRWmetric for a homogeneous universe. The FLRW metric is written in the terms ofdark energy fields ϕ(r, t). Then, ϕ2(t) is written in the terms of scale factor a(t).The evolution of ϕ(r, t), ϕ2(t) and ϕ1(r) is studied using several plots. The evolutionof dark energy fields also determine the form of FLRW metric, which in turndetermines the geometry of the universe itself. From the plots it is determined thatthe epoch where the homogeneous and inhomogeneous field ϕ2(t), ϕ1(r) intersectseach other. The study shows how the geoemetry of the universe is changing withthe change of dark energy scalar fields.
Vertical stellar density distribution in a non-isothermal galactic disc
Creators: name: Sarkar, Suchira
name: Jog, Chanda J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vertical density distribution of stars in a galactic disc is traditionally obtained by assuming an isothermal vertical velocity dispersion of stars. Recent observations from SDSS, LAMOST, RAVE, Gaia etc show that this dispersion increases with height from the mid-plane. Here we study the dynamical effect of such non-isothermal dispersion on the self-consistent vertical density distribution for the thin disc stars in the Galaxy, obtained by solving together the Poisson equation and the equation of hydrostatic equilibrium. We find that in the non-isothermal case the mid-plane density is lower, and the scale height is higher than the corresponding values for the isothermal distribution, due to higher vertical pressure, hence the distribution is vertically more extended. The change is ~35% at the solar radius for a stars-alone disc for the typical observed linear gradient of +6.7 km $s^{-1}kpc^{-1}$ and becomes even higher with increasing radii and increasing gradients explored. The distribution shows a wing at high z, in agreement with observations, and is fitted well by a double $sech^{2}$ , which could be mis-interpreted as the existence of a second, thicker disc, specially in external galaxies. We also consider a more realistic disc consisting of gravitationally coupled stars and gas in the field of dark matter halo. The results show the same trend but the effect of non-isothermal dispersion is reduced due to the opposite, constraining effect of the gas and halo gravity. Further, the non-isothermal dispersion lowers the theoretical estimate of the total mid-plane density i.e, Oort limit value, by 16%.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, matches to the published version in MNRAS
Improvement of ultra-light microcables production at LTU for the CBM Silicon Tracking System
Creators: name: Borshchov, V.
name: Tymchuk, I.
name: Schmidt, C. J.
name: Kucherenko, V. G.
name: Nikitskiy, G. I.
name: Heuser, J.
name: Protsenko, M.
name: Eschke, J.
name: Kushniruk, R. A.
name: Klimova, L. V.
name: Liholitova, K. M.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Radiation hardness tests on electronic components  for CBM/STS low voltage power supply
Creators: name: Löchner, S.
name: Koczon, P.
name: Rost, A.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Coulomb-U and magnetic moment collapse in $δ$-Pu
Creators: name: Shick, Alexander B.
name: Drchal, Vaclav
name: Havela, Ladislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The around-the-mean-field version of the LDA+U method is applied to investigate electron correlation effects in $δ$-Pu. It yields a non-magnetic ground state of $δ-$Pu, and provides a good agreement with experimental equilibrium volume, bulk modulus and explains important features of the photoelectron spectra.
Multiserver queueing systems with retrials and losses
Creators: name: Abramov, Vyacheslav M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K25, 60K30, 68M20, 60H07

description: The interest to retrial queueing systems is due to their application to telephone systems. The paper studies multiserver retrial queueing systems with $n$ servers. Arrival process is a quite general point process. An arriving customer occupies one of free servers. If upon arrival all servers are busy, then the customer waits for his service in orbit, and after random time retries more and more to occupy a server. The orbit has one waiting space only, and arriving customer, who finds all servers busy and the waiting space occupied, losses from the system. Time intervals between possible retrials are assumed to have arbitrary distribution (the retrial scheme is exactly explained in the paper). The paper provides analysis of this system. Specifically the paper studies optimal number of servers to decrease the loss proportion to a given value. The representation obtained for loss proportion enables us to solve the problem numerically. The algorithm for numerical solution includes effective simulation, which meets the challenge of rare events problem in simulation.
description: 21 pages, double spaced I added additional details in introduction
Multichannel quantum-defect theory for slow atomic collisions
Creators: name: Gao, Bo
name: Tiesinga, Eite
name: Williams, Carl J.
name: Julienne, Paul S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a multichannel quantum-defect theory for slow atomic collisions that takes advantages of the analytic solutions for the long-range potential, and both the energy and the angular-momentum insensitivities of the short-range parameters. The theory provides an accurate and complete account of scattering processes, including shape and Feshbach resonances, in terms of a few parameters such as the singlet and the triplet scattering lengths. As an example, results for $^{23}$Na-$^{23}$Na scattering are presented and compared close-coupling calculations.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Bending and pinching of three-phase stripes: From secondary instabilities to morphological deformations in organic photovoltaics
Creators: name: Shapira, Alon Z.
name: Gavish, Nir
name: Uecker, Hannes
name: Yochelis, Arik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optimizing the properties of the mosaic morphology of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaics (OPV) is not only challenging technologically but also intriguing from the mechanistic point of view. Among the recent breakthroughs is the identification and utilization of a three-phase (donor/mixed/acceptor) BHJ, where the (intermediate) mixed-phase can inhibit morphological changes, such as phase separation. Using a mean-field approach, we reveal and distinguish, between generic mechanisms that alter through transverse instabilities the evolution of stripes: the bending (zigzag mode) and the pinching (cross-roll mode) of the donor/acceptor domains. The results are summarized in a parameter plane spanned by the mixing energy and illumination, and show that donor-acceptor mixtures with higher mixing energy are more likely to develop pinching under charge-flux boundary conditions. The latter is notorious as it leads to the formation of disconnected domains and hence to loss of charge flux. We believe that these results provide a qualitative road-map for BHJ optimization, using mixed-phase composition and therefore, an essential step toward long-lasting OPV. More broadly, the results are also of relevance to study the coexistence of multiple-phase domains in material science, such as in ion-intercalated rechargeable batteries.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
The falling rate of profit and the great recession
Creators: name: Jones, Peter
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2015

description: This thesis develops a new, temporalist interpretation of Marx's value theory. It applies this to US national accounting statistics, in order to test Marx's Law of the Tendential Fall in the Rate of Profit (LTFRP) and whether it can explain the causes of the Great Recession of 2007 - 2009 in the US. It finds that movements in the rate of profit in the US conform to Marx's law and that the Great Recession can be explained by a prior decline in the US rate of profit. It also gives empirical confirmation of Marx's account of the tendencies and counter-tendencies which determine movements in the average rate of profit. The interpretation builds on the important breakthroughs of the temporal single system interpretation (TSSI) of Marx's value theory, which refutes two allegations of internal inconsistency against Marx's system: the transformation problem and the Okishio Theorem. This includes showing how a temporalist approach can be extended to account for the devaluation of capital due to crises and obsolescence, overcoming problems associated with historical cost accounting while still making it possible for cost-reducing technological change to lead to a falling rate of profit with a constant real wage. The thesis also gives a method for measuring the turnover time of variable capital. This makes it possible to measure the value composition of capital and the organic composition of capital as the ratios of one stock to another stock, and to quantify the influences on the rate of profit of changes in the organic composition of capital, changes in the turnover time of variable capital, the cheapening of new capital, the devaluation of existing capital and changes in the rate of surplus value. The thesis also quantifies the relationships between the total stock of surplus value, unproductive expenditures of surplus value, profits from production, profits from secondary exploitation and fictitious profits. This forms the basis for two new types of measure of the rate of profit with which to test Marx's law. This value accounting framework is then extended to explain how the creation of fictitious capital can create fictitious profits, and how this can be used to explain average rates of return on financial assets and the interest rate. The results show there has been a long-term decline in the US rate of profit, and declines in the US rate of profit in the lead up to all major crises. Since 1945, the organic composition of capital has increased more or less continuously, and its effect on the rate of profit was counteracted to a limited extent by the other factors Marx identifies, including a rising rate of surplus value. Marx's observations concerning the relationship between the interest rate and the business cycle are also supported by the evidence over the long-term. This is strong evidence in favour of the predictive power of Marx's value theory in Capital.
Modelling the prompt optical emission of GRB 180325A: the evolution of a spike from the optical to gamma-rays
Creators: name: Becerra, Rosa L.
name: De Colle, Fabio
name: Cantó, Jorge
name: Lizano, Susana
name: González, Ricardo F.
name: Granot, Jonathan
name: Klotz, Alain
name: Watson, Alan M.
name: Fraija, Nissim
name: Araudo, Anabella T.
name: Troja, Eleonora
name: Atteia, Jean Luc
name: Lee, William H.
name: Turpin, Damien
name: Bloom, Joshua S.
name: Boer, Michael
name: Butler, Nathaniel R.
name: González, José J.
name: Kutyrev, Alexander S.
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier
name: Ramírez-Ruíz, Enrico
name: Richer, Michael G.
name: Zúñiga, Carlos G. Román
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transition from prompt to the afterglow emission is one of the most exciting and least understood phases in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Correlations among optical, X-ray and gamma-ray emission in GRBs have been explored, to attempt to answer whether the earliest optical emission comes from internal and/or external shocks. We present optical photometric observations of GRB 180325A collected with the TAROT and RATIR ground-based telescopes. These observations show two strong optical flashes with separate peaks at $\sim50\;$s and $\sim120\;$s, followed by a temporally extended optical emission. We also present X-rays and gamma-ray observations of GRB 180325A, detected by the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) and X-ray Telescope (XRT), on the Neil Gehrels Swift observatory, which both observed a narrow flash at $\sim80\;$s. We show that the prompt gamma- and X-ray early emission shares similar temporal and spectral features consistent with internal dissipation within the relativistic outflow (e.g. by internal shocks or magnetic reconnection), while the early optical flashes are likely generated by the reverse shock that decelerates the ejecta as it sweeps up the external medium.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Possible bump structure of cosmic ray electrons unveiled by AMS-02 data and its common origin along with the nuclei and positron
Creators: name: Zhang, Pei-pei
name: Qiao, Bing-qiang
name: Liu, Wei
name: Cui, Shu-wang
name: Yuan, Qiang
name: Guo, Yi-qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The local pulsar and its progenitor, SNR, can together accelerate the positron, electron and nuclei to very high energy. The famous excesses of positron(nuclei) above $20$($200$) GeV possibly come from such kind of local source. This hints that the primary electron should also hold "excess" above $200$ GeV, synchronously accelerated along with the nuclei. The recent precise measurement of sharp dropoff at 284 GeV of positron by AMS-02 experiment takes chance to study this expected electron excess. In this work, the spatially-dependent propagation with a local source is used to reproduce the spectrum of positron, electron and proton. When considering the dropoff at 284 GeV of positron, a sharp bump structure for primary electron above 284 GeV is required to fit the total spectrum of positron and electron. Then we systematically study the common origin of the excesses of positron, electron and nuclei from Geminga pulsar and SNR. Those excesses can be reproduced under this unified single-source model. Lastly, we hope that the fine bump structure can be observed to support our model by AMS-02 experiment in future.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures published by JCAP
Burkhardt, Helmut, Helbich, Peter, Ulrich, Heinrich-Hermann: Handbuch christlicher Glaube
Creators: name: Vo.
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 35 Nr. 2 (1986): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 35, Heft 2
Gladiopycnodontidae Taverne & Capasso 2013
Creators: name: Taverne, Louis
name: Capasso, Luigi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Pycnodontiformes
Gladiopycnodontidae

description: Family Gladiopycnodontidae fam. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 66F04581-AFC7-47B5-A6E8-7FB0935ADD81  Diagnosis
Small Coccodontoidea superfam. nov.. Snout elongated and forming a rostrum outpacing anteriorly the lower jaw level. Anterior tip of the rostrum formed by the long and broad prefrontal only. Premaxilla long, broad, toothless and sutured all along its dorsal margin with the prefrontal. Pectoral fin lost and replaced by a strong spine articulated with the cleithrum. Body entirely covered with small flake-like scales or with scutes.
description: Published as part of Taverne, Louis & Capasso, Luigi, 2013, Gladiopycnodontidae, a new family of pycnodontiform fishes from the Late Cretaceous of Lebanon, with the description of three genera, pp. 1-30 in European Journal of Taxonomy 57 on page 4, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.57, http://zenodo.org/record/3822966
Spitzer IRS Spectroscopy of IRAS-Discovered Debris Disks
Creators: name: Chen, C. H.
name: Sargent, B. A.
name: Bohac, C.
name: Kim, K. H.
name: Leibensperger, E.
name: Jura, M.
name: Najita, J.
name: Forrest, W. J.
name: Watson, D. M.
name: Sloan, G. C.
name: Keller, L. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained Spitzer Space Telescope IRS 5.5 - 35 micron spectra of 59 main sequence stars that possess IRAS 60 micron excess. The spectra of five objects possess spectral features that are well-modeled using micron-sized grains and silicates with crystalline mass fractions 0% - 80%, consistent with T-Tauri and Herbig AeBe stars. With the exception of eta Crv, these objects are young with ages <50 Myr. The spectra for the majority of objects are featureless, suggesting that the emitting grains probably have radii a > 10 micron. We have modeled the excess continua using a continuous disk with a uniform surface density distribution, expected if Poynting-Robertson and stellar wind drag are the dominant grain removal processes, and using a single temperature black body, expected if the dust is located in a narrow ring around the star. The IRS spectra of many objects are better modeled with a single temperature black body, suggesting that the disks possess inner holes. The distribution of grain temperatures, based on our black body fits, peaks at Tgr = 110 - 130 K. Since the timescale for ice sublimation of micron-sized grains with Tgr > 110 K is a fraction of a Myr, the lack of warmer material may be explained if the grains are icy. If planets dynamically clear the central portions of debris disks, then the frequency of planets around other stars is probably high. We estimate that the majority of debris disk systems possess parent body masses, MPB < 1 Mearth. The low inferred parent body masses suggest that planet formation is an efficient process. (abridged abstract)
description: 66 pages, 18 figures (including 12 color figures), ApJS, in press
Structure-Aware Completion of Photogrammetric Meshes in Urban Road Environment
Creators: name: Zhu, Qing
name: Shang, Qisen
name: Hu, Han
name: Yu, Haojia
name: Zhong, Ruofei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Photogrammetric mesh models obtained from aerial oblique images have been widely used for urban reconstruction. However, the photogrammetric meshes also suffer from severe texture problems, especially on the road areas due to occlusion. This paper proposes a structure-aware completion approach to improve the quality of meshes by removing undesired vehicles on the road seamlessly. Specifically, the discontinuous texture atlas is first integrated to a continuous screen space through rendering by the graphics pipeline; the rendering also records necessary mapping for deintegration to the original texture atlas after editing. Vehicle regions are masked by a standard object detection approach, e.g. Faster RCNN. Then, the masked regions are completed guided by the linear structures and regularities in the road region, which is implemented based on Patch Match. Finally, the completed rendered image is deintegrated to the original texture atlas and the triangles for the vehicles are also flattened for improved meshes. Experimental evaluations and analyses are conducted against three datasets, which are captured with different sensors and ground sample distances. The results reveal that the proposed method can quite realistic meshes after removing the vehicles. The structure-aware completion approach for road regions outperforms popular image completion methods and ablation study further confirms the effectiveness of the linear guidance. It should be noted that the proposed method is also capable to handle tiled mesh models for large-scale scenes. Dataset and code are available at vrlab.org.cn/~hanhu/projects/mesh.