cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Interplay between surfactant self-assembly and adsorption at hydrophobic surfaces: insights from dissipative particle dynamics
Creators: name: Šindelka, Karel
name: Lísal, Martin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plasma Physics
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: We study the self-organisation of aqueous surfactants in bulk phase, and the adsorption and self-organisation of the aqueous surfactants at a planar hydrophobic surface by dissipative particle dynamics. Nonionic surfactants, n-alkyl poly(ethylene oxide) CnEm, and water are coarse-grained into mesoscopic beads comprising 1–3 heavy atoms and two water molecules, respectively. The size of the mesoscopic beads is related to the molar volume of the underlying molecular fragments while the bead–bead interaction parameters are calibrated against the water-octanol partition coefficients. We focus on the C6E3, C6E4, C8E3, and C8E4 surfactants in water that form spherical micelles in the bulk. The bulk micellization is primarily affected by the alkyl tail length which is demonstrated by an order of magnitude decrease in the critical micelle concentration when going from the aqueous C6Em to aqueous C8Em solutions. Surfactants strongly adsorb on the hydrophobic surface, adopting lying-down configurations and forming hemispheres which are in equilibrium with the spherical micelles in the bulk. In contrast to the bulk phase, the surfactant adsorption behaviour is influenced by both the alkyl tail and head chain lengths.
Probing the Upper Limit of Nonclassical Rotational Inertia
Creators: name: Rittner, Ann Sophie C.
name: Reppy, John D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of confinement on solid 4-He's nonclassical rotational inertia (NCRI) in a torsional oscillator by constraining it to narrow annular cells of various widths. The NCRI exhibits a broad maximum value of 20% for annuli of approximately 100 micrometer width. Samples constrained to porous media or to larger geometries both have smaller NCRI, mostly below about 1%. In addition, we extend Kim and Chan's blocked annulus experiment to solid samples with large supersolid fractions. Blocking the annulus suppresses the nonclassical decoupling from 17.1% below the limit of our detection of 0.8%. This result demonstrates the nonlocal nature of the supersolid phenomena. At 20 mK, NCRI depends on velocity history showing a closed hysteresis loop in different thin annular cells.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
The cosmological dependence of halo and galaxy assembly bias
Creators: name: Contreras, Sergio
name: Chaves-Montero, Jonás
name: Zennaro, Matteo
name: Angulo, Raul E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the main predictions of excursion set theory is that the clustering of dark matter haloes only depends on halo mass. However, it has been long established that the clustering of haloes also depends on other properties, including formation time, concentration, and spin; this effect is commonly known as halo assembly bias. We use a suite of gravity-only simulations to study the dependence of halo assembly bias on cosmology; these simulations cover cosmological parameters spanning 10$σ$ around state-of-the-art best-fitting values, including standard extensions of the $Λ$CDM paradigm such as neutrino mass and dynamical dark energy. We find that the strength of halo assembly bias presents variations smaller than 0.05 dex across all cosmologies studied for concentration and spin selected haloes, letting us conclude that the dependence of halo assembly bias upon cosmology is negligible. We then study the dependence of galaxy assembly bias (i.e. the manifestation of halo assembly bias in galaxy clustering) on cosmology using subhalo abundance matching. We find that galaxy assembly bias also presents very small dependence upon cosmology ($\sim$ 2$\%$-4$\%$ of the total clustering); on the other hand, we find that the dependence of this signal on the galaxy formation parameters of our galaxy model is much stronger. Taken together, these results let us conclude that the dependence of halo and galaxy assembly bias on cosmology is practically negligible.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to MNRAS, comments welcome
Evaporation driven by conductive heat transport
Creators: name: Homes, Simon
name: Heinen, Matthias
name: Vrabec, Jadran
name: Fischer, Johann
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Molecular dynamics simulations are conducted to investigate the evaporation of the truncated (2.5σ) and shifted Lennard–Jones fluid into vacuum. Evaporation is maintained under stationary conditions, while the bulk liquid temperature and the thermal driving force gradient are varied over wide ranges. It is found that the particle flux and the energy flux solely depend on the interface temperature. Both of these quantities are correlated to estimate their values for macroscopically large systems. The latter is analysed by a hydrodynamic energy balance, considering conductive heat transport by Fourier's law. Following the Hertz–Knudsen approach, the evaporation coefficient is determined and found to be in good agreement with literature data based on the kinetic equation for fluids and molecular dynamics.
Shape optimization for nonlocal anisotropic energies
Creators: name: Cristoferi, R.
name: Mora, M. G.
name: Scardia, L.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: In this paper we consider shape optimization problems for sets of prescribed mass, where the driving energy functional is nonlocal and anisotropic. More precisely, we deal with the case of attractive/repulsive interactions in two and three dimensions, where the attraction is quadratic and the repulsion is given by an anisotropic variant of the Coulomb potential. Under the sole assumption of strict positivity of the Fourier transform of the interaction potential, we show the existence of a threshold value for the mass above which the minimizer is an ellipsoid, and below which the minimizer does not exist. If, instead, the Fourier transform of the interaction potential is only non-negative, we show the emergence of a dichotomy: either there exists a threshold value for the mass as in the case above, or the minimizer is an ellipsoid for any positive value of the mass.
Schmidt games and Markov partitions
Creators: name: Tseng, Jimmy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37D05 (Primary) 28A78, 37B10 (Secondary)

description: Let T be a C^2-expanding self-map of a compact, connected, smooth, Riemannian manifold M. We correct a minor gap in the proof of a theorem from the literature: the set of points whose forward orbits are nondense has full Hausdorff dimension. Our correction allows us to strengthen the theorem. Combining the correction with Schmidt games, we generalize the theorem in dimension one: given a point x in M, the set of points whose forward orbit closures miss x is a winning set.
description: 32 pages
Radio Recombination Line Observations at $1.0-1.5$ GHz with FAST
Creators: name: Zhang, Chuan-Peng
name: Xu, Jin-Long
name: Li, Guang-Xing
name: Hou, Li-Gang
name: Yu, Nai-Ping
name: Jiang, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HII regions made of gas ionized by radiations from young massive stars, are widely distributed in the Milky Way. They are tracers for star formation, and their distributions are correlated with the Galactic spiral structure. Radio recombination lines (RRLs) of hydrogen and other atoms allows for the precisest determination of physical parameters such as temperature and density. However, RRLs at around 1.4 GHz from HII regions are weak and their detections are difficult. As a result, only a limited number of detections have been obtained yet. The 19-beam receiver on board of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) can simultaneously cover 23 RRLs for H$nα$, He$nα$, and C$nα$ ($n = 164 - 186$), respectively. This, combined with its unparalleled collecting area, makes FAST the most powerful telescope to detect weak RRLs. In this pilot survey, we use FAST to observe nine HII regions at L band. We allocate 20 minutes pointing time for each source to achieve a sensitivity of around 9 mK in a velocity resolution of 2.0 km/s. In total, 21 RRLs for H$nα$ and C$nα$ at $1.0 - 1.5$ GHz have been simultaneously detected with strong emission signals. Overall, the detection rates for the H167$α$ and C167$α$ RRLs are 100%, while that for the He167$α$ RRL is 33.3%. Using hydrogen and helium RRLs, we measure the electron density, electron temperature, and pressure for three HII regions. This pilot survey demonstrates the capability of FAST in RRL measurements, and a statistically meaningful sample with RRL detection, through which knowledges about Galactic spiral structure and evolution can be obtained, is expected in the future.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables. To be appeared in RAA
A finite element model of ocean circulation
Creators: name: Bermejo-Bermejo, Rodolfo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Preliminary results of a two-layer quasi-geostrophic box model of a wind-driven ocean are presented. The new aspects of this work in relation with conventional eddy models are a finite element formulation of the quasi-geostrophic equations and the use of no-slip boundary condition on the horizontal solid boundaries. In contrast to eddy resolving models that utilize free-slip boundary conditions our results suggest that the obtention of ocean eddies with the no-slip constraints requires a more restricted range of parameters, in particular much lower horizontal eddy viscosity eddy coefficients AH and higher Froude numbers F₁ and F₂. We show explicitly that a given range of parameters, which is eddy generating when the free-slip boundary condition is used, leads to a quasi-laminar flow in both, upper and lower, layers. An analytical model to interpret the numerical results is put forth. It is an extension of an earlier model of Ierley and Young (1983) in that the relative vorticity terms are of primary importance for the dynamics. Thus, it is shown that the boundary layer dynamics is active in the interior of the second layer, and it can be concluded from our method that for given F₁ and F₂ such that the lower layer geostrophic contours are closed, to the existence of the western boundary layer will prevent the homogenization of the potential vorticity so long as AH is large enough to stabilize the northwestern undulations of the flow.
Incorporation and structural arrangement of microemulsion droplets in cylindrical pores of mesoporous silica
Creators: name: Prause, Albert
name: Hörmann, Anja
name: Cristiglio, Viviana
name: Smales, Glen J.
name: Thünemann, Andreas F.
name: Gradzielski, Michael
name: Findenegg, Gerhard H.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: The behaviour of microemulsion (ME) droplets in mesoporous systems is highly important for understanding the immobilisation of drugs or chemical formulations, cleaning processes or enhanced oil recovery. The loading of pores as well as the structural organisation of MEs within the pores is a relevant parameter, especially for immobilisation applications. For this reason, the uptake of microemulsions in cylindrical pores of SBA-15 was investigated via adsorption and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Adsorption isotherms revealed an adsorption of the microemulsion droplets based on the adsorption of surfactant as a driving force. The adapted scattering model is based on the analysis of bare SBA-15 in full contrast conditions and employs microemulsions inside of SBA-15 measured at the silica contrast matching point. Accordingly, the structural arrangement of microemulsion droplets in the pores of SBA-15 was determined in good detail. Microemulsion droplets smaller than the pore size access the pores while retaining their spherical shape and become increasingly ordered for higher loading, where the droplets arrange in a dense packing of spherical droplets in a cylindrical pore. Interestingly, microemulsion droplets larger than the pore size can easily be incorporated, but become deformed upon entering and are present as elongated rod-like structures.
Spyridium phylicoides Reissek
Creators: name: Clowes, Catherine
name: Fowler, Rachael M.
name: Fahey, Patrick S.
name: Kellermann, Jürgen
name: Brown, Gillian K.
name: Bayly, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Rosales
Rhamnaceae
Spyridium
Spyridium phylicoides

description: Spyridium phylicoides, S. sp. Dwarf (J.Kellermann 579) and S. sp. Red Dots (J.Kellermann 689)
Spyridium phylicoides is polyphyletic and requires taxonomic revision. In both phylogenies, samples of S. phylicoides were found in two clades (Clades I and J 2, Fig. 2; Clades M 1, M 3 and Q 1, Fig. 5). There is no biogeographic pattern to these (Fig. 4) and perhaps further unidentified forms exist within S. phylicoides, in addition to the two forms already given phrase names, namely, S. sp. Dwarf (J.Kellermann 579) Kellermann and S. sp. Red Dots (J.Kellermann 689) Kellermann (Table 2). Spyridium sp. Dwarf (J.Kellermann 579) is distinguished from S. phylicoides by generally smaller leaves and low-growing, almost prostrate habit (J. Kellermann, unpubl. data). However, the distribution of samples of S. sp. Dwarf (J.Kellermann 579; Fig. 5) overlaps with that of many species found in SA (Fig. 3 f, g, i, j); therefore, it is possible that the incongruent result for this taxon (unresolved in the nrDNA phylogeny and polyphyletic in the cpDNA tree; Fig. 2, 5) may be attributed to chloroplast capture or ILS. Only one accession of S. sp. Red Dots (J.Kellermann 689) was included in this study and support for this taxon as distinct from S. phylicoides in either phylogeny is limited (Clade J 2, Fig. 2; Clade M 3, Fig. 5). We recommend further investigation into both phrase-name taxa, particularly S. sp. Dwarf (J.Kellermann 579), and a more detailed investigation into the circumscription of S. phylicoides.
description: Published as part of Clowes, Catherine, Fowler, Rachael M., Fahey, Patrick S., Kellermann, Jürgen, Brown, Gillian K. & Bayly, Michael J., 2022, Big trees of small baskets: phylogeny of the Australian genus Spyridium (Rhamnaceae: Pomaderreae), focusing on biogeographic patterns and species circumscriptions, pp. 95-119 in Australian Systematic Botany 35 (2) on page 117, DOI: 10.1071/SB21034, http://zenodo.org/record/10949882
title: The Design of a Parallel Frontal Solver
Creators: name: Scott, JA
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Facilities Council
Year: 1999

description: In a previous report (Rutherford Technical Report RAL-94-040), Duff and Scott looked at extending the frontal method for finite-element problems to the multiple front method. This generalization method of the frontal method permits coarse-grained parallelism to be exploited in the solution process. In this report, we discuss the design and development of a general purpose software package HSL_MP42 that implements the multiple front algorithm. HSL_MP42 solves unsymmetric systems of finite-element equations on distributed or shared memory parallel computers. The code is written in Fortran 90 and uses MPI for message passing. A key design feature is a user interface that is straightforward to use while offering flexibility through a number of options. Numerical results for both a model problem and a practical problem arising from groundwater flow calculations illustrate the efficiency of the code and the advantages of the multiple front approach.
Quantitative aspects of entanglement in the optically driven quantum dots
Creators: name: Obada, A. -S. F.
name: Abdel-Aty, Mahmoud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel approach to look for the existence of maximum entanglement in a system of two identical quantum dots coupled by the Forster process and interacting with a classical laser field. Our approach is not only able to explain the existing treatments, but also provides further detailed insights into the coupled dynamics of quantum dots systems. The result demonstrates that there are two ways for generating maximum entangled states, one associated with far off-resonance interaction, and the other associated with the weak field limit. Moreover, it is shown that exciton decoherence results in the decay of entanglement.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Energy Distribution of a Charged Black Hole with a Minimally Coupled Scalar Field
Creators: name: Halpern, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using three different energy-momentum complexes, the Einstein, Landau-Lifshitz, and Papapetrou prescriptions, we calculate the energy of an electrically charged black hole exact solution with a self-interacting, minimally-coupled scalar field and the asymptotic region locally an Anti-deSitter spacetime. Writing the metric in Kerr-Schild Cartesian coordinates, we demonstrate that this metric belongs to the Kerr-Schild class of solutions. Applying each of the three energy-momentum prescriptions and comparing the results, we find consistency among these complexes, suggesting their utility as localized measures of energy.
description: 11 pages; To appear in Astrophysics and Space Science
O'QUVCHILARNI RANGTASVIRDA MANZARA KOMPOZITSIYA ISHLASHGA O'RGATISHNING PEDAGOGIK TALABLARI
Creators: name: Mardiyeva, Muxlisa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Umumiy o‘rta ta’lim maktabi o‘quvchilarining tasviriy san’at o‘quv fani darsida rangtasvirda manzara kompozitsiyasi ishlash mashg‘ulotlarini olib borishning ta’limiy jarayonida ulardagi tasviriy-badiiy ijodkorlikka nisbatan malakalarini shakllantirish va rivojlantirishga doir ma’lumotlar birilgan hamda tasviriy san’at o‘quv fanidan olib borilayotgan dars mashg‘ulotlarini tashkil etishga oid taklif va tavsiyalar bayon etilgan.
Precise Diffusion Coefficients for White Dwarf Astrophysics
Creators: name: Caplan, M. E.
name: Freeman, I. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of galactic white dwarfs with Gaia have allowed for unprecedented modeling of white dwarf cooling, resolving core crystallization and sedimentary heating from neutron rich nuclei. These cooling sequences are sensitive to the diffusion coefficients of nuclei in Coulomb plasmas which have order 10\% uncertainty and are often not valid across coupling regimes. Using large scale molecular dynamics simulations we calculate diffusion coefficients at high resolution in the regime relevant for white dwarf modeling. We present a physically motivated law for diffusion with a semi-empirical correction which is accurate at the percent level. Implemented along with linear mixing in stellar evolution codes, this law should reduce the error from diffusion coefficients by an order of magnitude.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, MNRAS accepted
Un incontro mancato? Baudelaire e Wagner
Creators: name: Landi, Michela
Publisher: name: LEA - Lingue e Letterature d'Oriente e d'Occidente
Year: 2019

description: The current contribution aims to disclose to the Italian readers some relevant aspects of a forthcoming volume entitled: Baudelaire et Wagner. In spite of an ideological purpose prevailing in the 18th Century – fraternity and correspondence between arts –, a secret rivalry between arts and artists themselves is assumed. This essay mainly focuses on the relationship between Baudelaire and Wagner in order to discuss, on the basis of the intertextuality and discourse analysis of Baudelaire’s Richard Wagner et Tannhäuser à Paris, its traditional interpretation: under cover of irony, the panegyric hides in fact, a pamphlet.
description: LEA - Lingue e Letterature d'Oriente e d'Occidente, Vol. 8 (2019): Online First
Partisan bias in public perception of elections polls: experimental evidence from Mexico
Creators: name: Cornejo, Rodrigo Castro
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: While most of the literature on public opinion has explored how motivated reasoning makes some individuals discredit survey results in advanced industrial democracies like the U.S., few studies have considered how voters perceive electoral polling in young democracies like Mexico. This study included a survey experiment that found that voters perceived polls that matched their partisan preferences as more credible. Moreover, voters were requested to provide an estimate of candidates’ vote intention. The results highlight that voters’ partisan bias – not lack of information, prior expectations or low levels of interest – makes them overestimate their co-partisan candidate’s vote intention. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of the conditions that make some voters interpret political events through a partisan lens. Voters choose interpretations that rationalize their partisan predispositions even in young democracies, where partisanship is commonly perceived to be weak.
Zero-variance zero-bias quantum Monte Carlo estimators of the spherically and system-averaged pair density
Creators: name: Toulouse, Julien
name: Assaraf, Roland
name: Umrigar, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct improved quantum Monte Carlo estimators for the spherically- and system-averaged electron pair density (i.e. the probability density of finding two electrons separated by a relative distance u), also known as the spherically-averaged electron position intracule density I(u), using the general zero-variance zero-bias principle for observables, introduced by Assaraf and Caffarel. The calculation of I(u) is made vastly more efficient by replacing the average of the local delta-function operator by the average of a smooth non-local operator that has several orders of magnitude smaller variance. These new estimators also reduce the systematic error (or bias) of the intracule density due to the approximate trial wave function. Used in combination with the optimization of an increasing number of parameters in trial Jastrow-Slater wave functions, they allow one to obtain well converged correlated intracule densities for atoms and molecules. These ideas can be applied to calculating any pair-correlation function in classical or quantum Monte Carlo calculations.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, published version
SURENA IV: Towards A Cost-effective Full-size Humanoid Robot for Real-world Scenarios
Creators: name: Yousefi-Koma, Aghil
name: Maleki, Behnam
name: Maleki, Hessam
name: Amani, Amin
name: Bazrafshani, Mohammad Ali
name: Keshavarz, Hossein
name: Iranmanesh, Ala
name: Yazdanpanah, Alireza
name: Alai, Hamidreza
name: Salehi, Sahel
name: Ashkvari, Mahyar
name: Mousavi, Milad
name: Ashtiani, Milad Shafiee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes the hardware, software framework, and experimental testing of SURENA IV humanoid robotics platform. SURENA IV has 43 degrees of freedom (DoFs), including seven DoFs for each arm, six DoFs for each hand, and six DoFs for each leg, with a height of 170 cm and a mass of 68 kg and morphological and mass properties similar to an average adult human. SURENA IV aims to realize a cost-effective and anthropomorphic humanoid robot for real-world scenarios. In this way, we demonstrate a locomotion framework based on a novel and inexpensive predictive foot sensor that enables walking with 7cm foot position error because of accumulative error of links and connections' deflection(that has been manufactured by the tools which are available in the Universities). Thanks to this sensor, the robot can walk on unknown obstacles without any force feedback, by online adaptation of foot height and orientation. Moreover, the arm and hand of the robot have been designed to grasp the objects with different stiffness and geometries that enable the robot to do drilling, visual servoing of a moving object, and writing his name on the white-board.
title: Macroscopic Safety Requirements for Highly Automated Driving in Urban Environments
Creators: name: Amersbach, Christian
name: Ruppert, Timm
name: Hebgen, Niclas
name: Winner, Hermann
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2021

description: The release of automated vehicles is only possible if their safety is ensured. Thus, acceptable safety requirements for all stakeholders have to be defined. The scope of this work is a traceable proposal of a definition of macroscopic safety requirements for highly automated driving in urban environments. Firstly, relevant stakeholders are identified. These are the society in general, the users of automated vehicles and other road users, which are further divided into subgroups, depending on their type of traffic involvement. Secondly, the available statistical data for Germany is analyzed. Hereby the domestic annual mileage is identified as the most suitable parameter to relate the stakeholder-specific accident numbers to. The quotients of accidents of different stakeholders and the driven distance represent the current risks of manual driving in urban environments, which are used as exemplary safety reference. Thereafter, existing risk acceptance principles from other domains such as the railway industry are used to determine the acceptable risks for each stakeholder group, which can be directly used as macroscopic safety requirements. Among other analytics, it is shown that the users of automated vehicles are attributed to the highest risk tolerance, while other road users are the most critical stakeholder group in terms of safety requirements.
Group Surfing: A Pedestrian-Based Approach to Sidewalk Robot Navigation
Creators: name: Du, Yuqing
name: Hetherington, Nicholas J.
name: Oon, Chu Lip
name: Chan, Wesley P.
name: Quintero, Camilo Perez
name: Croft, Elizabeth
name: Van der Loos, H. F. Machiel
name: .
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a novel navigation system for mobile robots in pedestrian-rich sidewalk environments. Sidewalks are unique in that the pedestrian-shared space has characteristics of both roads and indoor spaces. Like vehicles on roads, pedestrian movement often manifests as linear flows in opposing directions. On the other hand, pedestrians also form crowds and can exhibit much more random movements than vehicles. Classical algorithms are insufficient for safe navigation around pedestrians and remaining on the sidewalk space. Thus, our approach takes advantage of natural human motion to allow a robot to adapt to sidewalk navigation in a safe and socially-compliant manner. We developed a \textit{group surfing} method which aims to imitate the optimal pedestrian group for bringing the robot closer to its goal. For pedestrian-sparse environments, we propose a sidewalk edge detection and following method. Underlying these two navigation methods, the collision avoidance scheme is human-aware. The integrated navigation stack is evaluated and demonstrated in simulation. A hardware demonstration is also presented.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures. Published in the proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA'19)
Additional file 1 of Role of endothelial dysfunction in sleep-disordered breathing in egyptian children with sickle cell disease
Creators: name: Youssry, Ilham
name: Mostafa, Abla S.
name: Hamed, Dina H.
name: Hafez, Yasmin F. Abdel
name: Bishai, Irene E.
name: Selim, Yasmeen M. M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
BIons in topological string theory
Creators: name: Okuda, Takuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When many fundamental strings are stacked together, they puff up into D-branes. BIons and giant gravitons are the examples of such D-brane configurations that arise from coincident strings. We propose and demonstrate analogous transitions in topological string theory. Such transitions can also be understood in terms of the Fourier transform of D-brane amplitudes.
description: 21 pages; v.2 references added; v.3 reference added; v.4 minor corrections; v.5 substantial rewriting
The Einstein@Home search for periodic gravitational waves in LIGO S4 data
Creators: name: LIGO Scientific Collaboration
name: Abbott, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for periodic gravitational waves, from sources such as isolated rapidly-spinning neutron stars, was carried out using 510 hours of data from the fourth LIGO science run (S4). The search was for quasi-monochromatic waves in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 1500 Hz, with a linear frequency drift f-dot (measured at the solar system barycenter) in the range -f/tau < f-dot < 0.1 f/tau, where the minimum spin-down age tau was 1000 years for signals below 300 Hz and 10000 years above 300 Hz. The main computational work of the search was distributed over approximately 100000 computers volunteered by the general public. This large computing power allowed the use of a relatively long coherent integration time of 30 hours, despite the large parameter space searched. No statistically significant signals were found. The sensitivity of the search is estimated, along with the fraction of parameter space that was vetoed because of contamination by instrumental artifacts. In the 100 Hz to 200 Hz band, more than 90% of sources with dimensionless gravitational wave strain amplitude greater than 1e-23 would have been detected.
description: 29 pages, 19 figures
title: Design and analysis of a DC stand-alone photovoltaic-battery system for a rural house in Libya
Creators: name: Dabas, Youssef H Mussa
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2021

description: This thesis presents a comprehensive study about the design, optimization, and analysis of an isolated Photovoltaic (PV)-battery system for fulfilling the load of a rural house in Libya. A bus voltage of 48 V DC is considered. The annual demand of the house was estimated by completed thermal modeling of the loads in the BEopt program. The assumed design was sized and analyzed using HOMER Pro software and consisted of 12 PV panels, 325 watts each, and 12 lead-acid batteries of 12 V, 219 Ah. The dynamic model of the system is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink software. The results show that the proposed approach can provide a stable 48 V DC for the intended load. It can also be used to meet the electricity needs of houses with low loads or in rural communities with basic electricity needs. A detailed economic analysis was carried out by comparing the proposed PV system with a hybrid PV-DGN-BTT system, an independent Diesel generator. The performed financial analysis reveals that the proposed system is a feasible solution - with a net present cost of $15,070 - that can generate electricity at the cost of $0.333/kWh, indicating that such a system will make economic sense in remote off-grid areas.
Satellite derived sea surface temperature : a physical approach
Creators: name: Shin, Hae-Yong
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In this study, a method of estimating atmospheric attenuation in the infrared remote sensing of sea surface temperature (SST) from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) meteorological satellites, by explicitly considering the physical processes involved, is developed. Unlike past methods which tend to rely on the inputs from the in situ data, this method which is entirely satellite derived, will be useful in the open oceans where in situ observations are sparse. Using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), with atmospheric temperature and water vapor profiles from the TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS), SST's are retrieved. TOVS sensors are carried by the same satellite as the AVHRR and provide simultaneous corrections for the AVHRR based SST estimates. SST, computed from sensor systems on NOAA-7, are compared with surface skin temperatures (from a PRT-5 infrared radiometer mounted on a ship) and subsurface temperature measurements. In addition to the physical method (AVHRR+TOVS), two additional split-window techniques (SWT) using channels 4 and 5 of the NOAA-7 AVHRR sensor, were investigated. These methods were: 1. Using AVHRR alone, and 2. Using AVHRR and data from the High-resolution Infrared Sounder (HIRS). The importance of scan angle correction and emittance effect to define the correct atmospheric path is discussed. The improvement in SST retrievals using sensor combinations is demonstrated with satellite versus ship skin temperature differences ranging from 0.63 to 0.89 °C for AVHRR alone, from 0.49 to 0.80 °C for AVHRR+TOVS, and from 0.39 to 0.56 °C for AVHRR+HIRS. The improved temperature accuracy with AVHRR+HIRS is due to the atmospheric water vapor correction possible with some of the HIRS channels. The effects of errors in TOVS derived atmospheric profiles upon the SST are significant, but using the SWT, these effects are reduced, improving the over all SST retrievals. Even though TOVS profiles cannot duplicate radiosonde observations in accuracy or in vertical resolution, their overall effect on the SST is found to be within the physical limitations of the satellite sensors. It is suggested that the physical method can effectively be used to generate coefficients, applicable to a given location, for a SWT method such as the AVHRR+HIRS, in order to achieve the required accuracy at a reduced computation time. The coefficients can then be updated for seasonal variations. Significant differences between ship skin and subsurface temperatures were observed with the mean deviation of -0.86 °C in the Pacific and —0.2°C in the Atlantic for a range of root-mean-square (RMS) temperature differences between 0.16 and 0.87 °C.
Additional file 1 of A modified Delphi survey to build expert consensus on the structure and content of an enhanced care pathway for cognitive changes after stroke in the UK
Creators: name: Hobden, Georgina
name: Tang, Eugene Yee Hing
name: Demeyere, Nele
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Hubbard-Thomas-Fermi Theory of Transition Metal Oxide Heterostructures
Creators: name: Lee, Wei-Cheng
name: MacDonald, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the charge distributions in Hubbard-model representations of transition metal oxide heterojucntions can be described by a Thomas-Fermi theory in which the energy is approximated as the sum of the electrostatic energy and the uniform three-dimensional Hubbard model energy per site at the local density equals to a constant. When charged atomic layers in the oxides are approximated as two-dimensional sheets with uniform charge density, the electrostatic energy is simply evaluated. We find that this Thomas-Fermi theory can reproduce results obtained from full Hartree-Fock theory for various different heterostructures. We also show explicitly how Thomas-Fermi theory can be used to estimate some key properties qualitatively.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the proceedings of SCES'07, Houston, TX, USA
FRBs Lensed by Point Masses I. Lens Mass Estimation for Doubly Imaged FRBs
Creators: name: Chen, Xuechun
name: Shu, Yiping
name: Zheng, Wenwen
name: Li, Guoliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are bright radio transient events with durations on the order of milliseconds. The majority of FRB sources discovered so far have a single peak, with the exception of a few showing multiple-peaked profiles, the origin of which is unknown. In this work, we show that the strong lensing effect of a point mass or a point mass $+$ external shear on a single-peak FRB can produce double peaks (i.e. lensed images). In particular, the leading peak will always be more magnified and hence brighter than the trailing peak for a point-mass lens model, while the point-mass $+$ external shear lens model can produce a less magnified leading peak. We find that, for a point-mass lens model, the combination of lens mass $M$ and redshift $z_l$ in the form of $M(1+z_l)$ can be directly computed from two observables -- the delayed time $Δt$ and the flux ratio of the leading peak to the trailing peak $R$. For a point-mass $+$ external shear lens model, upper and lower limits in $M(1+z_l)$ can also be obtained from $Δt$ and $R$ for a given external shear strength. In particular, tighter lens mass constraints can be achieved when the observed $R$ is larger. Lastly, we show the process of constraining lens mass using the observed values of $Δt$ and $R$ of two double-peaked FRB sources, i.e. FRB 121002 and FRB 130729, as references, although the double-peaked profiles are not necessarily caused by strong lensing.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, ApJ in press
Additional file 3 of Facilitators of and obstacles to practitioners’ adoption of harm reduction in cannabis use: a scoping review
Creators: name: Haddad, Roula
name: Dagenais, Christian
name: Fallu, Jean-Sébastien
name: Huỳnh, Christophe
name: D’Arcy, Laurence
name: Hot, Aurélie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3
Out of the Box: Embodied Navigation in the Real World
Creators: name: Bigazzi, Roberto
name: Landi, Federico
name: Cornia, Marcella
name: Cascianelli, Silvia
name: Baraldi, Lorenzo
name: Cucchiara, Rita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The research field of Embodied AI has witnessed substantial progress in visual navigation and exploration thanks to powerful simulating platforms and the availability of 3D data of indoor and photorealistic environments. These two factors have opened the doors to a new generation of intelligent agents capable of achieving nearly perfect PointGoal Navigation. However, such architectures are commonly trained with millions, if not billions, of frames and tested in simulation. Together with great enthusiasm, these results yield a question: how many researchers will effectively benefit from these advances? In this work, we detail how to transfer the knowledge acquired in simulation into the real world. To that end, we describe the architectural discrepancies that damage the Sim2Real adaptation ability of models trained on the Habitat simulator and propose a novel solution tailored towards the deployment in real-world scenarios. We then deploy our models on a LoCoBot, a Low-Cost Robot equipped with a single Intel RealSense camera. Different from previous work, our testing scene is unavailable to the agent in simulation. The environment is also inaccessible to the agent beforehand, so it cannot count on scene-specific semantic priors. In this way, we reproduce a setting in which a research group (potentially from other fields) needs to employ the agent visual navigation capabilities as-a-Service. Our experiments indicate that it is possible to achieve satisfying results when deploying the obtained model in the real world. Our code and models are available at https://github.com/aimagelab/LoCoNav.
Additional file 4 of Facilitators of and obstacles to practitioners’ adoption of harm reduction in cannabis use: a scoping review
Creators: name: Haddad, Roula
name: Dagenais, Christian
name: Fallu, Jean-Sébastien
name: Huỳnh, Christophe
name: D’Arcy, Laurence
name: Hot, Aurélie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4
Noncoherent Capacity of Underspread Fading Channels
Creators: name: Durisi, Giuseppe
name: Schuster, Ulrich G.
name: Bölcskei, Helmut
name: Shamai, Shlomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We derive bounds on the noncoherent capacity of wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering (WSSUS) channels that are selective both in time and frequency, and are underspread, i.e., the product of the channel's delay spread and Doppler spread is small. For input signals that are peak constrained in time and frequency, we obtain upper and lower bounds on capacity that are explicit in the channel's scattering function, are accurate for a large range of bandwidth and allow to coarsely identify the capacity-optimal bandwidth as a function of the peak power and the channel's scattering function. We also obtain a closed-form expression for the first-order Taylor series expansion of capacity in the limit of large bandwidth, and show that our bounds are tight in the wideband regime. For input signals that are peak constrained in time only (and, hence, allowed to be peaky in frequency), we provide upper and lower bounds on the infinite-bandwidth capacity and find cases when the bounds coincide and the infinite-bandwidth capacity is characterized exactly. Our lower bound is closely related to a result by Viterbi (1967). The analysis in this paper is based on a discrete-time discrete-frequency approximation of WSSUS time- and frequency-selective channels. This discretization explicitly takes into account the underspread property, which is satisfied by virtually all wireless communication channels.
description: Submitted to the IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Evidence for 4D XY Quantum Criticality in $^4$He Confined in Nanoporous Media at Finite Temperatures
Creators: name: Tani, Tomoyuki
name: Nago, Yusuke
name: Murakawa, Satoshi
name: Shirahama, Keiya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $^4$He confined in nanoporous media is a model Bose system that exhibits quantum phase transition (QPT) by varying pressure. We have precisely determined the critical exponent of the superfluid density of $^4$He in porous Gelsil glasses with pore size of 3.0 nm using the Helmholtz resonator technique. The critical exponent $ζ$ of the superfluid density was found to be 1.0 $\pm$ 0.1 for the pressure range 0.1 < P < 2.4 MPa. This value provides decisive evidence that the finite-temperature superfluid transition belongs to the four-dimensional (4D) XY universality class, in contrast to the classical 3D XY one in bulk liquid 4He, in which $ζ$ = 0.67. The quantum critical behavior at a finite temperature is understood by strong phase fluctuation in local Bose-Einstein condensates above the superfluid transition temperature. $^4$He in nanoporous media is a unique example in which quantum criticality emerges not only at 0 K but at finite temperatures.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Solution-focused approaches for treating self-injurious thoughts and behaviours: a scoping review
Creators: name: Jerome, Lauren
name: Masood, Saba
name: Henden, John
name: Bird, Victoria
name: Ougrin, Dennis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional File 1. Additional File 1_List of key components_revised.docx. List of key components. Table providing the full list of components identified in our review, with a summary and example for each.
Additional file 1 of Strain-resolved de-novo metagenomic assembly of viral genomes and microbial 16S rRNAs
Creators: name: Jochheim, Annika
name: Jochheim, Florian A.
name: Kolodyazhnaya, Alexandra
name: Morice, Étienne
name: Steinegger, Martin
name: Söding, Johannes
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Figures S1-S5 and Supplementary Note 1.