cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An Immersed Boundary Method with Direct Forcing for the Simulation of Particulate Flows
Creators: name: Uhlmann, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an improved method for computing incompressible viscous flow around suspended rigid particles using a fixed and uniform computational grid. The main idea is to incorporate Peskin's regularized delta function approach [Acta Numerica 11 (2002) 1] into a direct formulation of the fluid-solid interaction force in order to allow for a smooth transfer between Eulerian and Lagrangian representations while at the same time avoiding strong restrictions of the time step. This technique was implemented in a finite-difference and fractional-step context. A variety of two- and three-dimensional simulations are presented, ranging from the flow around a single cylinder to the sedimentation of 1000 spherical particles. The accuracy and efficiency of the current method are clearly demonstrated.
Theoretical Constraints on the Vacuum Oscillation Solution to the Solar Neutrino Problem
Creators: name: Casas, J. A.
name: Espinosa, J. R.
name: Ibarra, A.
name: Navarro, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vacuum oscillation (VO) solution to the solar anomaly requires an extremely small neutrino mass splitting, Delta m^2_{sol}\leq 10^{-10} eV^2. We study under which circumstances this small splitting (whatever its origin) is or is not spoiled by radiative corrections. The results depend dramatically on the type of neutrino spectrum. If m_1^2 \sim m_2^2 \geq m_3^2, radiative corrections always induce too large mass splittings. Moreover, if m_1 and m_2 have equal signs, the solar mixing angle is driven by the renormalization group evolution to very small values, incompatible with the VO scenario (however, the results could be consistent with the small-angle MSW scenario). If m_1 and m_2 have opposite signs, the results are analogous, except for some small (though interesting) windows in which the VO solution may be natural with moderate fine-tuning. Finally, for a hierarchical spectrum of neutrinos, m_1^2 << m_2^2 << m_3^2, radiative corrections are not dangerous, and therefore this scenario is the only plausible one for the VO solution.
description: 13 pages, LaTeX, 3 ps figures (psfig.sty)
Energy Consumption of Bitcoin Mining
Creators: name: Küfeoglu, S.
name: Özkuran, M.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Year: 2019
Subjects: bitcoin
mining
blockchain
energy
consumption

description: After its introduction in 2008, increasing Bitcoin prices and a booming number of other cryptocurrencies lead to a growing discussion of how much energy is consumed during the production of these currencies. Being the most expensive and the most popular cryptocurrency, both the business world and the research community have started to question the energy intensity of bitcoin mining. This paper only focuses on computational power demand during the proof-of-work process rather than estimating the whole energy intensity of mining. We make use of 160 GB of bitcoin blockchain data to estimate the energy consumption and power demand of bitcoin mining. We considered the performance of 269 different hardware models (CPU, GPU, FPGA, and ASIC). For estimations, we defined two metrics, namely; minimum consumption and maximum consumption. The targeted time span for the analysis was from 3 January 2009 to 5 June 2018. We show that the historical peak of power consumption of bitcoin mining took place during the bi-weekly period commencing on 18 December 2017 with a demand of between 1.3 and 14.8 GW. This maximum demand figure was between the installed capacities of Finland (~16 GW) and Denmark (~14 GW). We also show that, during June 2018, energy consumption of bitcoin mining from difficulty recalculation was between 15.47 and 50.24 TWh per year.
Additional file 4: of Nutritional quality modulates trait variability
Creators: name: BrĂźckner, Adrian
name: Schuster, Romina
name: Wehner, Katja
name: Heethoff, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Post-hoc test results. (PDF 94 kb)
Adaptive Grey-Box Fuzz-Testing with Thompson Sampling
Creators: name: Karamcheti, Siddharth
name: Mann, Gideon
name: Rosenberg, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fuzz testing, or "fuzzing," refers to a widely deployed class of techniques for testing programs by generating a set of inputs for the express purpose of finding bugs and identifying security flaws. Grey-box fuzzing, the most popular fuzzing strategy, combines light program instrumentation with a data driven process to generate new program inputs. In this work, we present a machine learning approach that builds on AFL, the preeminent grey-box fuzzer, by adaptively learning a probability distribution over its mutation operators on a program-specific basis. These operators, which are selected uniformly at random in AFL and mutational fuzzers in general, dictate how new inputs are generated, a core part of the fuzzer's efficacy. Our main contributions are two-fold: First, we show that a sampling distribution over mutation operators estimated from training programs can significantly improve performance of AFL. Second, we introduce a Thompson Sampling, bandit-based optimization approach that fine-tunes the mutator distribution adaptively, during the course of fuzzing an individual program. A set of experiments across complex programs demonstrates that tuning the mutational operator distribution generates sets of inputs that yield significantly higher code coverage and finds more crashes faster and more reliably than both baseline versions of AFL as well as other AFL-based learning approaches.
description: Published as a workshop paper in the 11th ACM Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Security (AISec '18) with the 25th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS '18)
R-parity Violation and Neutrino Masses
Creators: name: Chun, Eung Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: R-parity violation in the supersymmetric standard model could be the origin of neutrino masses and mixing accounting for the atmospheric and solar neutrino oscillations. More interestingly, this hypothesis may be tested in future colliders by detecting lepton number violating decays of the lightest supersymmetric particle. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis for the determination of sneutrino vacuum expectation values from the one-loop effective scalar potential, and also for the one-loop renormalization of neutrino masses and mixing. Applying our results to theories with gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking, we discuss the effects of the one-loop corrections and how the realistic neutrino mass matrices arise.
description: 4 pages using ws-p8-50x6-00.cls
Halo Excitation of $^6$He in Inelastic and Charge-Exchange Reactions
Creators: name: Ershov, S. N.
name: Rogde, T.
name: Danilin, B. V.
name: Vaagen, J. S.
name: Thompson, I. J.
name: Gareev, F. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Four-body distorted wave theory appropriate for nucleon-nucleus reactions leading to 3-body continuum excitations of two-neutron Borromean halo nuclei is developed. The peculiarities of the halo bound state and 3-body continuum are fully taken into account by using the method of hyperspherical harmonics. The procedure is applied for A=6 test-bench nuclei; thus we report detailed studies of inclusive cross sections for inelastic $^6$He(p,p')$^6$He$^*$ and charge-exchange $^6$Li(n,p)$^6$He$^*$ reactions at nucleon energy 50 MeV. The theoretical low-energy spectra exhibit two resonance-like structures. The first (narrow) is the excitation of the well-known $2^+$ three-body resonance. The second (broad) bump is a composition of overlapping soft modes of multipolarities $1^-, 2^+, 1^+, 0^+$ whose relative weights depend on transferred momentum and reaction type. Inelastic scattering is the most selective tool for studying the soft dipole excitation mode.
description: Submitted to Phys. Rev. C., 11 figures using epsf
MOESM3 of Isolation and characterization of camelid single-domain antibodies against HER2
Creators: name: Hussack, Greg
name: Raphael, Shalini
name: Lowden, Michael
name: Henry, Kevin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. Complete sensorgrams for epitope binning SPR co-injection experiments.
Political Economy of Reform and Regulation in the Electricity Sector of Sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Imam, M.
name: Jamasb, T.
name: Llorca, M.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Year: 2019
Subjects: independent regulation
electricity sector reform
government ideology
dynamic GMM
Sub-Saharan Africa

description: As part of their electricity sector reforms, Sub-Saharan African countries have established independent regulatory agencies to signal legal and political commitment to end self-regulation and provision of service by the state. The reforms aimed to encourage private investments, improve efficiency, and extend the service to the millions who lacked access to it. However, after nearly two and half decades of reforms, these expectations have not been met and the electricity sectors of these countries remain undeveloped. There are anecdotes that these outcomes are due to poor design, non-credible, unpredictable regulations, and political interference. This paper investigates the performance of the reforms in the context of government political ideology. We use a dynamic panel estimator and data from 45 countries from 2000 to 2015 to analyse the role of ideological differences in the effect of independent sector regulation on access to electricity and installed capacity. We find negative impact from independent regulatory agencies on installed capacity in countries with left-wing governments, while in countries with right-wing governments we find positive effects on capacity. Also, we find negative impact on access in countries with left-wing governments, while we find no significant impact for countries with right-wing governments. The results have interesting policy implications for private sector participation, increased generation capacity and access rates especially in countries with left-wing governments.
Dependent Microstructure Noise and Integrated Volatility: Estimation from High-Frequency Data
Creators: name: Li, Z. M.
name: Laeven, R. J. A.
name: Vellekoop, M. H.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Year: 2019
Subjects: Dependent microstructure noise
realized volatility
bias correction
integrated volatility
mixing sequences
pre-averaging method

description: In this paper, we develop econometric tools to analyze the integrated volatility (IV) of the efficient price and the dynamic properties of microstructure noise in high-frequency data under general dependent noise. We first develop consistent estimators of the variance and autocovariances of noise using a variant of realized volatility. Next, we employ these estimators to adapt the pre-averaging method and derive consistent estimators of the IV, which converge stably to a mixed Gaussian distribution at the optimal rate n1/4. To improve the finite sample performance, we propose a multi-step approach that corrects the finite sample bias, which turns out to be crucial in applications. Our extensive simulation studies demonstrate the excellent performance of our multi-step estimators. In an empirical study, we analyze the dependence structures of microstructure noise and provide intuitive economic interpretations; we also illustrate the importance of accounting for both the serial dependence in noise and the finite sample bias when estimating IV.
Plateau of the Magnetization Curve of the S=1/2 Ferromagnetic-Ferromagnetic-Antiferromagnetic Spin Chain
Creators: name: Okamoto, Kiyomi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I analytically study the plateau of the magnetization curve at $M/M_{\rm S} = 1/3$ (where $M_{\rm S}$ is the saturation magnetization) of the one-dimensional $S=1/2$ trimerized Heisenberg spin system with ferromagnetic ($J_{\rm F}$)-ferromagnetic ($J_{\rm F}$)-antiferromagnetic ($J_{\rm A}$) interactions at $T=0$. I use the bosonization technique for the fermion representation of the spin Hamiltonian through the Jordan-Wigner transformation. The plateau appears when $γ\equiv J_{\rm F}/J_{\rm A} \allowbreak < γ_{\rm C}$, and vanishes when $γ> γ_{\rm C}$, where the critical value $γ_{\rm C}$ is estimated as $γ_{\rm C} = 5 \sim 6$. The behavior of the width of the plateau near $γ_{\rm C}$ is of the Kosterlitz-Thouless type. The present theory well explains the numerical result by Hida.
description: 7 pages, Plain Tex, 4 figures on request
Games on Multi-Layer Networks
Creators: name: Walsh, A. M.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Year: 2019
Subjects: Multi-layer networks
network games
public goods

description: A set of agents is connected by two distinct networks, with each network describing access to a different local public good. Agents choose which networks to invest in, and neighbouring agents' investments in the same good are strategic substitutes, as are an agent's two investment choices. There are always equilibria where any investing agent bears all local investment costs and others free-ride. When investment in one good reduces marginal benefit from investment in the other, agents free-riding in one good may invest more profitably in the other, and equilibrium payoffs are more evenly distributed. This need not reduce aggregate payoff.
Can wholesale electricity prices support “subsidy-free” generation investment in Europe?
Creators: name: Chyong, C.
name: Pollitt, M.
name: Cruise, R.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Year: 2019
Subjects: electricity market design
electricity regulation
wind energy
solar energy
electricity generation investment
ancillary services
capacity renumeration mechanisms
energy-only prices

description: Using a Pan-European electricity dispatch model we find that with higher variable renewable energy (VRE) production wholesale power prices may no longer serve as a long-run signal for generation investment in 2025. If wind and solar are to be self-financing by 2025 under the current European market design, they would need to be operating in circumstances which combine lower capital cost with higher fossil fuel and/or carbon prices. In the absence of these conditions, long term subsidy mechanisms would need to continue in order to meet European renewable electricity targets. More VRE production will exacerbate the ‘missing money’ problem for conventional generation. Thus, closures of unprofitable fossil fuel generation would sharpen and increase energy-only prices but would put more pressure on ancillary services markets to support system stability. Thus, the question of the need for a market redesign to let the market guide investments in both renewables and conventional generation would seem to remain.
MOESM2 of Isolation and characterization of camelid single-domain antibodies against HER2
Creators: name: Hussack, Greg
name: Raphael, Shalini
name: Lowden, Michael
name: Henry, Kevin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Complete sensorgrams for single-cycle kinetic analysis of VHHs binding to HER2 by SPR.
Tensor glueball-meson mixing phenomenology
Creators: name: Burakovsky, Leonid
name: Page, Philip R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The overpopulated isoscalar tensor states are sifted using Schwinger-type mass relations. Two solutions are found: one where the glueball is the fJ(2220), and one where the glueball is more distributed, with f2(1820) having the largest component. The f2(1565) and fJ(1710) cannot be accommodated as glueball-(hybrid) meson mixtures in the absense of significant coupling to decay channels. f2'(1525) -> pi pi is in agreement with experiment. The fJ(2220) decays neither flavour democratically nor is narrow.
description: Main text 18 pages, LaTeX. Minor changes
Yu-Shiba-Rusinov bound states versus topological edge states in Pb/Si(111)
Creators: name: Ménard, Gerbold C.
name: Brun, Christophe
name: Leriche, Raphaël
name: Trif, Mircea
name: Debontridder, François
name: Demaille, Dominique
name: Roditchev, Dimitri
name: Simon, Pascal
name: Cren, Tristan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is presently a tremendous activity around the field of topological superconductivity and Majorana fermions. Among the many questions raised, it has become increasingly important to establish the topological or non-topological origin of features associated with Majorana fermions such as zero-bias peaks. Here, we compare in-gap features associated either with isolated magnetic impurities or with magnetic clusters strongly coupled to the atomically thin superconductor Pb/Si(111). We study this system by means of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS). We take advantage of the fact that the Pb/Si(111) monolayer can exist either in a crystal-ordered phase or in an incommensurate disordered phase to compare the observed spectroscopic features in both phases. This allows us to demonstrate that the strongly resolved in-gap states we found around the magnetic clusters in the disordered phase of Pb have a clear topological origin.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures. To be published in European Physical Journal Special Topics.dedicated to the conference FQMT'17
Additional file 3: of Nutritional quality modulates trait variability
Creators: name: BrĂźckner, Adrian
name: Schuster, Romina
name: Wehner, Katja
name: Heethoff, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Trait data used for Fig. 2. (PDF 253 kb)
Can the QCD Effective Charge Be Symmetrical in the Euclidean and the Minkowskian Regions?
Creators: name: Milton, K. A.
name: Solovtsov, I. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a possible symmetrical behavior of the effective charges defined in the Euclidean and Minkowskian regions and prove that such symmetry is inconsistent with the causality principle.
description: 5 pages, REVTeX
title: AN, Registre des écrous du Châtelet, Y5266, f. p1000940
Creators: name: Claustre, Julie
name: Nationales, Archives
name: Archives Nationales
name: Claustre, Julie
name: ArchivesNationales/J.CLAUSTRE/H.REGAZZI/2020
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Châtelet
subject: registre

description: Registre des écrous du Châtelet, Archives Nationales, Y5266. Numérisation en mode image.
description: Bibliographic citation: Archives Nationales, Registre des écrous du Châtelet, Y5266, f. p1000940
title: Personal Responsibility Versus Government Responsibility Welfare Attitudes Post-1996
Creators: name: Ing, Emily C.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2006

description: The welfare system in the United States underwent a major overhaul in 1996, transforming Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) to Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). Since then, there has been little research conducted on attitudes toward welfare. This is still a topic worth investigating, as poverty and homelessness remain a problem in the United States.

This thesis hypothesized that attitudes about welfare would vary according to an individual's commitment to individualism, a hegemonic value in the United States. This thesis also hypothesized that welfare attitudes would vary according to an individual's education, gender, marital status, race, and religion.

Data from the 2000 National Election Study were used to investigate the following research questions: (1) To what extent, if any, is commitment to individualism and personal responsibility related to attitudes about welfare programs? (2) What demographic characteristics are also related to attitudes about welfare?

This thesis found that attitudes about welfare and Food Stamps, both means-tested programs, were much more negative than attitudes about Social Security, a contributory program. Commitment to individualism translated into negative attitudes about welfare programs. As commitment to individualism increased, support for welfare programs decreased. Unmarried individuals, minorities and non-Protestants were also more favorable towards welfare programs than married individuals, whites and Protestants. Finally, gender was significantly related only to attitudes about Social Security; females had slightly more positive attitudes about Social Security than males did.

Future research should include an investigation of the possible interaction between individualistic values and sociodemographic characteristics and how this, in turn, affects welfare attitudes. A qualitative study of welfare attitudes is also recommended to further investigate what guides such negative attitudes about these programs that assist the needy in the United States.
MAKTABGACHA KATTA YOSHDAGI BOLALARNI AXLOQIY TARBIYALASHDA TEATRLASHTIRILGAN O'YINLARNING AHAMIYATI
Creators: name: Asatullayeva, Mohira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqolada maktabgacha ta’lim tashkilotlarida teatrlashtirilgan o‘yinlar orqali bolalarda axloqiy fazilatlarni shakllantirishning samarali yo‘llari yoritilgan. teatr va teatr faoliyati bolalarning ijtimoiy, emotsional, estetik va axloqiy rivojlanishida muhim omil hisoblanadi. Maqolada teatr o‘yinlarini tashkil etishning metodik jihatlari, teatr faoliyatining bolalar shaxsiyatiga ta’siri haqida tahliliy fikrlar bayon etilgan.
Density Matrix Renormalization Group Study of the Spin 1/2 Heisenberg Ladder with Antiferromagnetic Legs and Ferromagnetic Rungs
Creators: name: Hida, Kazuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground state and low lying excitation of the spin 1/2 Heisenberg ladder with antiferromagnetic leg ($J$) and ferromagnetic rung ($-λJ, λ>0$) interaction is studied by means of the density matrix renormalization group method. It is found that the state remains in the Haldane phase even for small $λ\sim 0.02$ suggesting the continuous transition to the gapless phase at $λ= 0$. The critical behavior for small $λ$ is studied by the finite size scaling analysis. The result is consistent with the recent field theoretical prediction.
description: 11 pages, revtex, figures upon request
MOESM1 of A modified method of separating Tl(I) and Tl(III) in aqueous samples using solid phase extraction
Creators: name: Qingxiang Xiao
name: Atta Rasool
name: Tangfu Xiao
name: Baveye, Philippe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The measured Tl(I) and Tl(III) from standard solutions at different Tl(I)/Tl(III) ratios. Table S2. The measured Tl(I) and Tl(III) from standard solutions at different pH.
Methanol and its relation to the water snowline in the disk around the young outbursting star V883 Ori
Creators: name: Hoff, Merel L. R. van 't
name: Tobin, John J.
name: Trapman, Leon
name: Harsono, Daniel
name: Sheehan, Patrick D.
name: Fischer, William J.
name: Megeath, S. Thomas
name: van Dishoeck, Ewine F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of methanol in the disk around the young outbursting star V883 Ori with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Four transitions are observed with upper level energies ranging between 115 and 459 K. The emission is spatially resolved with the 0.14" beam and follows the Keplerian rotation previously observed for C$^{18}$O. Using a rotational diagram analysis, we find a disk-averaged column density of $\sim10^{17}$ cm$^{-2}$ and a rotational temperature of $\sim90-100$ K, suggesting that the methanol has thermally desorbed from the dust grains. We derive outer radii between 120 and 140 AU for the different transitions, compared to the 360 AU outer radius for C$^{18}$O. Depending on the exact physical structure of the disk, the methanol emission could originate in the surface layers beyond the water snowline. Alternatively, the bulk of the methanol emission originates inside the water snowline, which can then be as far out as ~100 AU, instead of 42 AU as was previously inferred from the continuum opacity. In addition, these results show that outbursting young stars like V883 Ori are good sources to study the ice composition of planet forming material through thermally desorbed complex molecules, which have proven to be hard to observe in more evolved protoplanetary disks.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in ApJL
A Model of Weighted Network Formation
Creators: name: Baumann, L.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics
Year: 2019
Subjects: weighted networks
network formation
link-specific investment

description: The paper proposes a game of weighted network formation in which each agent has a limited resource to form links of possibly different intensities with other agents and to use for private purposes. We show that every equilibrium is either “reciprocal” or “non-reciprocal”. In a reciprocal equilibrium, any two agents invest equally in the link between them. In a non-reciprocal equilibrium, agents are partitioned into “concentrated” and “diversified” agents and a concentrated agent is only linked to diversified agents and vice versa. For every link, the concentrated agent invests more in the link than the diversified agent. The unweighted relationship graph of an equilibrium, in which two agents are linked if they both invest positively in each other, uniquely predicts the equilibrium values of each agent's network investment and utility level, as well as the ratio of any two agents' investments in each other. We show that equilibria are not pairwise stable and not efficient due to the positive externalities of investing in a link.
European Gas Markets, Trading Hubs, and Price Formation: A Network Perspective
Creators: name: Woroniuk, D.
name: Karam, A.
name: Jamasb, T.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics
Year: 2019
Subjects: Market Integration
Information Transmissions
Natural Gas
Network Theory

description: We apply network theory to analyse the interactions of trading hub prices, and to assess the harmonisation of the European gas market. We construct dynamic networks, where the nodes correspond to the twelve EU trading hubs, and where the edges weight the causality between the variations of the respective gas prices. Network density dynamically calculates the aggregate quantity of causal interactions recorded within the system, which provides information pertaining to the integration of the European gas network. We document a number of spikes in network density, suggesting short periods of improved connectivity of European gas markets. We argue that these results appear to be driven by exogenous factors, such as unseasonal weather patterns, seismic activity and pipeline capacity reductions or outages. The findings elucidate the time varying nature of European gas market dynamics, and the importance of continual monitoring of market evolution.
Long-Term Macroeconomic Effects of Climate Change: A Cross-Country Analysis
Creators: name: Kahn, M. E.
name: Mohaddes, K.
name: Ng, R. N. C.
name: Pesaran, M. H.
name: Raissi, M.
name: Yang, J-C.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics
Year: 2019
Subjects: Climate change
economic growth
adaptation
counterfactual analysis

description: We study the long-term impact of climate change on economic activity across countries, using a stochastic growth model where labour productivity is affected by country-specific climate variables—-defined as deviations of temperature and precipitation from their historical norms. Using a panel data set of 174 countries over the years 1960 to 2014, we find that per-capita real output growth is adversely affected by persistent changes in the temperature above or below its historical norm, but we do not obtain any statistically significant effects for changes in precipitation. Our counterfactual analysis suggests that a persistent increase in average global temperature by 0.04°C per year, in the absence of mitigation policies, reduces world real GDP per capita by 7.22 percent by 2100. On the other hand, abiding by the Paris Agreement, thereby limiting the temperature increase to 0.01°C per annum, reduces the loss substantially to 1.07 percent. These effects vary significantly across countries. We also provide supplementary evidence using data on a sample of 48 U.S. states between 1963 and 2016, and show that climate change has a long-lasting adverse impact on real output in various states and economic sectors, and on labour productivity and employment.
Relativistic Approach to Superfluidity in Nuclear Matter
Creators: name: Matera, F.
name: Fabbri, G.
name: Dellafiore, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pairing correlations in symmetric nuclear matter are studied within a relativistic mean-field approximation based on a field theory of nucleons coupled to neutral ($σ$ and $ω$) and to charged ($\varrho$) mesons. The Hartree-Fock and the pairing fields are calculated in a self-consistent way. The energy gap is the result of a strong cancellation between the scalar and vector components of the pairing field. We find that the pair amplitude vanishes beyond a certain value of momentum of the paired nucleons. This fact determines an effective cutoff in the gap equation. The value of this cutoff gives an energy gap in agreement with the estimates of non relativistic calculations.
description: 21 pages, REVTEX, 8 ps-figures, to appear in Phys.Rev.C. e-mail: matera@fi.infn.it
Growth of international finance and emerging economies: Elements for alternative approach
Creators: name: Alves, C.
name: Toporowski, J.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics
Year: 2019
Subjects: developing and emerging economies
private Non-Guaranteed external debt
cross-border flows
financial globalisation
Borio and Disyatat

description: This paper examines the increasing cross-border flows of capital involving developing and emerging economies in the past few decades. The discussion challenges the traditional economic theories based on net capital flows and deficits in current accounts to explain international borrowing by developing countries, and on the current account imbalances approach to explain financial crises. We argue that the increasing involvement of the private sector in developing countries’ external debt and the fact that the public sector, previously reliant almost entirely on official credit, has become able to access private debt markets, reflect the increasing integration of developing countries into the global financial system, and this process has particular features. A closer look at data on gross capital flows reveals that net capital flows neither explain nor capture this global financial integration.
Radiative pion capture in 2H, 3He and 3H
Creators: name: Golak, J.
name: Skibinski, R.
name: Topolnicki, K.
name: Witala, H.
name: Grassi, A.
name: Kamada, H.
name: Nogga, A.
name: Marcucci, L. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $π^- + {^2{\rm H}} \rightarrow γ+ n + n$, $π^- + {^3{\rm He}} \rightarrow γ+ {^3{\rm H}}$, $π^- + {^3{\rm He}} \rightarrow γ+ n + d$, $π^- + {^3{\rm He}} \rightarrow γ+ n + n + p$ and $π^- + {^3{\rm H}} \rightarrow γ+ n + n + n$ capture reactions are studied with the AV18 two-nucleon potential and the Urbana~IX three-nucleon potential. We provide for the first time realistic predictions for the differential and total capture rates for all these processes, treating consistently the initial and final nuclear states. Our results are based on the single nucleon Kroll-Ruderman-type transition operator and concentrate on the full treatment of the nuclear final state interactions. They are compared with older theoretical predictions and experimental data.
description: 23 pages, 13 eps figures
MOESM1 of Isolation and characterization of camelid single-domain antibodies against HER2
Creators: name: Hussack, Greg
name: Raphael, Shalini
name: Lowden, Michael
name: Henry, Kevin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Polyclonal antibody responses after immunization with human HER2 ectodomain.
title: 02_0161
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Strategy towards Mirror-fermion Signatures
Creators: name: Triantaphyllou, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of mirror fermions interacting strongly under a new gauge group and having masses near the electroweak scale has been recently proposed as a viable alternative to the standard-model Higgs mechanism. The main purpose of this work is to investigate which specific experimental signals are needed to clearly differentiate the mirror-fermion model from other new-physics models. In particular, the case is made for a future large lepton collider with c.o.m. energies of roughly 4 TeV or higher.
description: 30 Latex pages, 2 postscript figures
TURIZMDA INNOVATSIYALARNING O'RNI VA ULARNING TURIZM FAOLIYATIGA TA'SIRI
Creators: name: Qutlimurotov Fayzullo Sadulayevich, "Alfraganus university" nodavlat oliy ta'lim tashkiloti, Xalqaro turizm menejmenti kafedrasi katta o'qituvchisi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: XXI asr sayohatlar va ochiq chegaralar asri bo‘lib tarixda qoladi. Ko‘plab sayyohlik kompaniyalari mijozlarga har qanday lazzat va daromad uchun turlarni taklif qilishadi va agar xohlasa, sayyoh sayyoramizning istalgan nuqtasiga borishi mumkin. Faqat kimning yordami bilan ezgu orzuingizni ro‘yobga chiqarishni tanlash qoladi va tanlash uchun ko‘p narsa bor: ko‘chalar potensial sayyohlarni ajoyib xorijiy mamlakatlarda dam olishga taklif qiluvchi sayyohlik agentliklari nomlari bilan yorqin belgilarga to‘la. Yuqori raqobat sharoitida har qanday sayyohlik agentligining asosiy vazifasi, albatta, turizm bozorida yetakchi mavqega ega bo‘lish, daromad olish va oshirishdir. Iste’molchilar e’tiborini o‘z mahsulotingizga jalb qilish usullaridan biri bu bozorga raqobatchilarning mahsulotlaridan farq qiladigan yangi mahsulotni taklif qilishdir. Bu bozorga yangi mahsulotni o‘z vaqtida joriy etish, yangi mijozlarni jalb qilish va korxona daromadini oshirishdir. Innovatsiya – insoniyat jamiyatining qonuni, jamiyat taraqqiyotining doimiy kuchi, uning faoliyati va umuman taraqqiyot mahsulidir.
Stenamma (Ischnomyrmex) Swammerdami FOREL
Creators: name: Forel. A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1907
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Stenamma
Stenamma swammerdami

description: Stenamma (Ischnomyrmex) Swammerdami FOREL,
[[worker]]. Madagaskar (Dr. Kiderlen).
description: Published as part of Forel. A, 1907, Formiciden aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg. II. Teil. Neueingaenge seit 1900 (PP), pp. 1-20 in Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg 24 on page 14, DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.9893
Capacity mechanisms and the technology mix in competitive electricity markets
Creators: name: Holmberg, P.
name: Ritz, Robert
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics
Year: 2019
Subjects: Investment
wholesale electricity market
capacity mechanism
capacity auction
strategic reserve

description: Capacity mechanisms are increasingly used in electricity market design around the world yet their role remains hotly debated. In this paper, we introduce a new benchmark model of a capacity mechanism in a competitive electricity market with many different generation technologies. We consider two policy instruments, a wholesale price cap and a capacity payment, and show which combinations of these instruments induce socially-optimal investment by the market. Changing the price cap or capacity payment affects investment only in peak generation plant, with no equilibrium impact on baseload or mid-merit plant. We obtain a rationale for a capacity mechanism based on the internalization of a system-cost externality – even where the price cap is set at the value of lost load. In extensions, we show how increasing renewables penetration enhances the need for a capacity mechanism, and outline an optimal design of a strategic reserve with a discriminatory capacity payment.
Modified Spin Wave Thoery of the Bilayer Square Lattice Frustrated Quantum Heisenberg Antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Hida, Kazuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground state of the square lattice bilayer quantum antiferromagnet with nearest and next-nearest neighbour intralayer interaction is studied by means of the modified spin wave method. For weak interlayer coupling, the ground state is found to be always magnetically ordered while the quantum disordered phase appear for large enough interlayer coupling. The properties of the disordered phase vary according to the strength of the frustration. In the regime of weak frustration, the disordered ground state is an almost uncorrelated assembly of interlayer dimers, while in the strongly frustrated regime the quantum spin liquid phase which has considerable Néel type short range order appears. The behavior of the sublattice magnetization and spin-spin correlation length in each phase is discussed.
description: 15 pages, revtex, figures upon request
Additional file 2: of Nutritional quality modulates trait variability
Creators: name: BrĂźckner, Adrian
name: Schuster, Romina
name: Wehner, Katja
name: Heethoff, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Morphometric data. (PDF 370 kb)
Moduli constraints on primordial black holes
Creators: name: Lemoine, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The amount of late decaying massive particles (e.g., gravitinos, moduli) produced in the evaporation of primordial black holes (PBHs) of mass $\Mbh\la10^9 $g is calculated. Limits imposed by big-bang nucleosynthesis on the abundance of these particles are used to constrain the initial PBH mass fraction $β$ (ratio of PBH energy density to critical energy density at formation), as: $β\la 5\times10^{-19} (\xp/6 10^{-3})^{-1} (\Mbh/10^9 {\rm g})^{-1/2} (\bar{\Yp}/10^{-14})$; $\xp$ is the fraction of PBH luminosity going into gravitinos or moduli, $\bar{\Yp}$ is the upper bound imposed by nucleosynthesis on the number density to entropy density ratio of gravitinos or moduli. This notably implies that such PBHs should never come to dominate the cosmic energy density.
description: 8 pages
Estimating Lifetimes and Stock Turnover Dynamics of Urban Residential Buildings in China
Creators: name: Zhou, W.
name: Moncaster, A.
name: Reiner, D.
name: Guthrie, P.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics
Year: 2019
Subjects: building stock
survival analysis
lifetime distribution
system dynamics

description: Building lifetime and stock turnover are both key determinants in modelling building energy and carbon. However in China, aside from anecdotal claims that urban residential buildings are generally short-lived, there are no recent official statistics, and empirical data are extremely limited. We present a system dynamics model where survival analysis is used to characterise the dynamic interplay between new construction, aging, and demolition of residential buildings in urban China. The uncertainties associated with building lifetime were represented using a Weibull distribution, whose shape and scale parameters were calibrated based on official statistics on floor area up to 2006. The calibrated Weibull lifetime distribution allowed us to estimate the dynamic stock turnover of Chinese urban residential buildings for 2007 to 2017. We find that the average lifetime of urban residential buildings was around 34 years, and the overall residential stock size reached 23.7 billion m2 in 2017. The resultant age-specific sub-stocks provide a baseline for the overall stock, which—along with the calibrated Weibull lifetime distribution—can be used in further modelling and for analysis of policies to reduce the whole-life embodied and operational energy and CO2 emissions in Chinese residential buildings.
Low-energy Antiproton Interaction with Helium
Creators: name: Gibbs, W. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An ab initio potential for the interaction of the neutral helium atom with antiprotons and protons is calculated using the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Using this potential, the annihilation cross section for antiprotons in the energy range 0.01 microvolt to 1 eV is calculated.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, LaTeX
Partial and full hyper-viscosity for Navier-Stokes and primitive equations
Creators: name: Hussein, Amru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q35 (Primary), 35K25, 35K30, 35Q30, 76D03, 86A05 (Secondary)

description: The $3$-D primitive equations and incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with full hyper-viscosity and only horizontal hyper-viscosity are considered on the torus, i.e., the diffusion term $-Δ$ is replaced by $-Δ+ \varepsilon(-Δ)^{l}$ or by $-Δ+ \varepsilon(-Δ_H)^{l}$, respectively, where $Δ_H = \partial_x^2+\partial_y^2 $, $Δ= Δ_H + \partial_z^2$, $\varepsilon> 0$, $l>1$. Hyper-viscosity is applied in many numerical schemes, and in particular horizontal hyper-viscosity appears in meteorological models. A classical result by Lions states that for the Navier-Stokes equations uniqueness of global weak solutions for initial data in $L^2$ holds if $-Δ$ is replaced by $(-Δ)^{5/4}$. Here, for the primitive equations the corresponding result is proven for $(-Δ)^{8/5}$. For the case of horizontal hyper-viscosity $l=2$ is sufficient in both cases. Strong convergence for $\varepsilon\to 0$ of hyper-viscous solutions to a weak solution of the Navier-Stokes and primitive equations, respectively, is proven as well. The approach presented here is based on the construction of strong solutions via an evolution equation approach for initial data in $L^2$ and weak-strong uniqueness.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure