cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Welfare Effects of Restricting Off-Highway Vehicle Access to Public Lands
Creators: name: Jakus, Paul M.
name: Keith, John E.
name: Liu, Lu
name: Blahna, Dale
name: Jakus, Paul M.
name: Keith, John E.
name: Liu, Lu
name: Blahna, Dale
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Off-highway Vehicles
subject: Recreational Access
subject: Unobserved Heterogeneity
subject: Random Utility Model

description: Off highway vehicle (OHV) use is a rapidly growing outdoor activity that results in a host of environmental and management problems. Federal agencies have been directed to develop travel management plans to improve recreation experiences, reduce social conflicts and diminish environmental impacts of OHVs. We examine the effect of land access restrictions on the welfare of OHV enthusiasts in Utah using Murdock’s (2006) unobserved heterogeneity random utility model. Our models indicate that changing access to public lands from fully “open” to “limited” results in relatively small welfare losses, but that prohibiting access results in much larger welfare losses.
Economics of Pre-Plant, Topdress, and Variable Rate Nitrogen Application in Winter Wheat
Creators: name: Boyer, Christopher N.
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Solie, John B.
name: Arnall, D. Brian
name: Raun, William R.
name: Boyer, Christopher N.
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Solie, John B.
name: Arnall, D. Brian
name: Raun, William R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: linear stochastic plateau
subject: nitrogen use efficiency
subject: profitability
subject: wheat

description: Past research about the efficiency of nitrogen application in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) based on source and timing has produced inconsistent results. The majority of the literature used data from few locations over short time periods. This study used a unique data set of yields and nitrogen quantities from 2002-2009 at ten different locations in Oklahoma, USA. The objective of this research was to determine wheat yield response for granular pre-plant, uniform foliar topdress, and variable rate foliar topdress. Topdress liquid nitrogen had a 19% higher NUE than pre-plant urea, and was the most profitable source of nitrogen.
Disordered ensembles of strongly coupled single-molecule plasmonic picocavities as nonlinear optical metamaterials
Creators: name: Herrera, Felipe
name: Litinskaya, Marina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to use molecular picocavity ensembles as macroscopic coherent nonlinear optical devices enabled by nanoscale strong coupling. For a generic picocavity model that includes molecular and photonic disorder, we derive theoretical performance bounds for coherent cross-phase modulation signals using weak classical fields of different frequencies. We show that strong coupling of the picocavity {\it vacua} with a specific vibronic sideband in the molecular emission spectrum results in a significant variation of the effective refractive index of the metamaterial relative to a molecule-free scenario, due to a vacuum-induced Autler-Townes effect. For a realistic molecular disorder model, we demonstrate that cross-phase modulation of optical fields as weak as 10 kW/cm$^2$ is feasible using dilute ensembles of molecular picocavities at room temperature, provided that the confined vacuum is not resonantly driven by the external probe field}. Our work paves the way for the development of plasmonic metamaterials that exploit strong coupling for optical state preparation and quantum control.
description: 13 pages, 7 figs, 3 appendices
SURE Impact? An Empirical Investigation of Moral Hazard and Adverse Selection Behavior
Creators: name: Bekkerman, Anton
name: Smith, Vincent H.
name: Watts, Myles J.
name: Bekkerman, Anton
name: Smith, Vincent H.
name: Watts, Myles J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Farm Management

description: The Supplemental Revenue Assistance Payments (SURE) program, enacted under the 2008 Farm Bill, is intended to provide indemnity payments to producers whose crop losses exceed 50% of their historical average yields. However, indemnification does not require that the farm is located in a region designated a disaster relief area -- a provision that can create significant moral hazard incentives. This study is the first to perform an empirical analysis of possible moral hazard behavior in corn, soybean, and wheat markets in response to the SURE program. Results suggest that an increase in crop insurance demand after the enactment of SURE may be due to the program's moral hazard incentives.
Structural analysis, magnetic and transport properties of the (Ru1-xCox)Sr2GdCu2O8 system
Creators: name: Escamilla, R.
name: Duran, A.
name: Escudero, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of Co substitution on structural and superconducting properties of RuSr2GdCu2O8 compound have been studied. Rietveld refinements of the X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that the cobalt ion progressively replaces ruthenium sites. This replacement induces significant changes on the crystal structure and on the magnetic and superconducting properties. The effects Co substitution on the superconducting behaviour, and more particulary on the changes induce by the hole doping mechanism, were investigated in (Ru1-xCox)Sr2GdCu2O8 by a "bond valence sum" analysis with Co content from x= 0.0 to x = 0.2. The weak ferromagnetic transition at Tm= 138.2 K is shifted to lower temperature, and suppressed at higher Co content. From the crystallographic point of view the Ru-O(1)-Cu bond angle, associated to the rotation of the RuO6 octahedra, around the c-axis remain essetially constant when Ru is substituted by Co. Furthermore, increasing Co content has the effect to increase the weak ferromagnetic moment, which may be interpreted as the main responsible for breaking the delicate balance between magnetic and superconducting ordering.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures
Foreign Workers and the Organic Farms’ Demand for Seasonal Unskilled Labor
Creators: name: Wu, Ya
name: Escalante, Cesar L.
name: Perkins, Samuel L.
name: Neely, Carrie E.
name: Wu, Ya
name: Escalante, Cesar L.
name: Perkins, Samuel L.
name: Neely, Carrie E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: organic farm
subject: unskilled labor
subject: immigration
subject: Heckman selection model
subject: foreign worker

description: This study analyzes farm labor management strategies of organic farms by employing Heckan selection model. Econometric results present interesting relationships between foreign worker-related variables and the hiring of non-family seasonal part-time workers. First, the extent of hiring is inversely related to the population of illegal residents. Second, the outcome variable (extent of hiring) is directly related to the number of H2A permits (foreign guest farm worker visas for temporary, contractual work) issued. The results also indicate that higher wages, corporate farms, and more educated, younger and full-time farm operators are associated with greater tendencies to hire non-family seasonal part-time workers. Family labor is used to supplement the lack of available non-family seasonal part-time workers.
The multivariate functional de Jong CLT
Creators: name: Döbler, Christian
name: Kasprzak, Mikołaj
name: Peccati, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F17, 60D05, 62G20

description: We prove a multivariate functional version of de Jong's CLT (1990) yielding that, given a sequence of vectors of Hoeffding-degenerate U-statistics, the corresponding empirical processes on $[0,1]$ weakly converge in the Skorohod space as soon as their fourth cumulants in $t=1$ vanish asymptotically and a certain strengthening of the Lindeberg-type condition is verified. As an application, we lift to the functional level the `universality of Wiener chaos' phenomenon first observed in Nourdin, Peccati and Reinert (2010).
description: 24 pages, submitted version, to appear in Probability Theory and Related Fields (2022), published version available at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00440-022-01114-3
Supplement from How and why grasshopper community maturation rates are slowing on a North American tall grass prairie
Creators: name: Kaspari, Michael
name: Joern, Anthony
name: Welti, Ellen A. R.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Summary of PCA analysis of grasshopper community composition
CarnyLand (an ethnography) : a study of contemporary carnivals and carnival workers (carnies) in British Columbia
Creators: name: Kirby, Elia E.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study is an ethnography of contemporary carnivals and carnival workers (carnies) in British Columbia, conducted over 5 years (1997 - 2002). Informing the ethnography are three key theoretical frameworks: the carnivalesque, with which I analysis the carnival events as a public celebration; nomadism, as a means to understand the carnies identity as travellers; and transgression, to determine the real and symbolic interaction between the carnies and the locals. This text has two main parts: Chapter 2 is about the organisation of the carnival as seen through the filter of its economics. I discuss the macroeconomics of the carnival organisations and how they run their businesses, their relations with outside institutions, and the relations between the companies and their employees, as well as the relations between the employees. In chapter 3,1 discuss the nature of life on the road. Here, I am principally interested in three themes that emerged from my ethnography: the themes of home, illegality and adventure, and the interplay between the three. I conclude that, although the carnival is a controversial and ambiguous lifestyle, it provides a positive influence in the carnies' lives. It is a lifestyle from which individual carnies derive selfrespect, economic independence, and personal autonomy. There is a supporting video documentary, "CarnyLand" co-directed by Elisha Burrows, which takes the view into the backlot, behind the public sphere into the private lives of the working carnies. The text and documentary were constructed so as to stand-alone.
Quasi-ballistic, nonequilibrium electron distribution in inhomogeneous semiconductor structures
Creators: name: Csontos, D.
name: Ulloa, S. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a study of quasi-ballistic transport in deep submicron, inhomogeneous semiconductor structures, focusing on the analysis of signatures found in the full nonequilibrium electron distribution. We perform self-consistent numerical calculations of the Poisson-Boltzmann equations for a model n(+)-n(-)-n(+) GaAs structure and realistic, energy-dependent scattering. We show that, in general, the electron distribution displays significant, temperature dependent broadening and pronounced structure in the high-velocity tail of the distribution. The observed characteristics have a strong spatial dependence, related to the energy-dependence of the scattering, and the large inhomogeneous electric field variations in these systems. We show that in this quasi-ballistic regime, the high-velocity tail structure is due to pure ballistic transport, whereas the strong broadening is due to electron scattering within the channel, and at the source(drain) interfaces.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Explicit factorization from On explicit Wiener–Hopf factorization of 2 × 2 matrices in a vicinity of a given matrix. 17 January 2020 15 May 2020
Creators: name: L. Ephremidze
name: I. Spitkovsky
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 10301 Numerical Analysis
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Provides explicit Wiener-Hopf factorization of certain class of 2 × 2 matrices
On the Combined Use of Extrinsic Semantic Resources for Medical Information Search
Creators: name: Maree, Mohammed
name: Noor, Israa
name: Rabayah, Khaled
name: Belkhatir, Mohammed
name: Alhashmi, Saadat M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Semantic concepts and relations encoded in domain-specific ontologies and other medical semantic resources play a crucial role in deciphering terms in medical queries and documents. The exploitation of these resources for tackling the semantic gap issue has been widely studied in the literature. However, there are challenges that hinder their widespread use in real-world applications. Among these challenges is the insufficient knowledge individually encoded in existing medical ontologies, which is magnified when users express their information needs using long-winded natural language queries. In this context, many of the users query terms are either unrecognized by the used ontologies, or cause retrieving false positives that degrade the quality of current medical information search approaches. In this article, we explore the combination of multiple extrinsic semantic resources in the development of a full-fledged medical information search framework to: i) highlight and expand head medical concepts in verbose medical queries (i.e. concepts among query terms that significantly contribute to the informativeness and intent of a given query), ii) build semantically enhanced inverted index documents, iii) contribute to a heuristical weighting technique in the query document matching process. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we conducted several experiments over the CLEF eHealth 2014 dataset. Findings indicate that the proposed method combining several extrinsic semantic resources proved to be more effective than related approaches in terms of precision measure.
Jet Transport Coefficient at the Large Hadron Collider Energies in a Color String Percolation Approach
Creators: name: Mishra, Aditya Nath
name: Sahu, Dushmanta
name: Sahoo, Raghunath
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the color string percolation model (CSPM), jet transport coefficient, $\hat{q}$, is calculated for various multiplicity classes in proton-proton and centrality classes in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the Large Hadron Collider energies for a better understanding of the matter formed in ultra-relativistic collisions. $\hat{q}$ is studied as a function of final state charged particle multiplicity (pseudorapiditydensity at midrapidity), initial state percolation temperature and energy density. The CSPM results are then compared with different theoretical calculations from the JET Collaboration those incorporate particle energy loss in the medium.
description: Same as the published version
A counter-example to the theorem of Hiemer and Snurnikov
Creators: name: Monteil, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A planar polygonal billiard $¶$ is said to have the finite blocking property if for every pair $(O,A)$ of points in $¶$ there exists a finite number of ``blocking'' points $B_1, ..., B_n$ such that every billiard trajectory from $O$ to $A$ meets one of the $B_i$'s. As a counter-example to a theorem of Hiemer and Snurnikov, we construct a family of rational billiards that lack the finite blocking property.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Economic Challenges Faced by Small Island Economies: An Overview
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Political Economy
subject: small island economies
subject: globalisation
subject: Pacific

description: As pointed out in this article, small island economies are diverse in their nature and in the challenges they face. A taxonomy of these economies is provided. The overview takes account of small island economies that are satellites of large countries as well as those which are independent nation states. Nevertheless, the emphasis here is on small island economies that are remote from central economies or disadvantaged in other ways. These include many island nations in the Pacific and elsewhere. Such economies suffer from diseconomies of scale in economic activity, are prone to imperfect market competition, and experience high transport and trading costs for a variety of reasons which are outlined. The gravitational pull of stronger central economies and central places favours net out migration from these economies, particularly a brain drain, as well as net private capital outflows. These tendencies often stifle local economic development. Such economies frequently depend on aid from foreign or overseas places for maintaining the levels of income of their inhabitants; income levels which in many cases are relatively low. Income levels may be precarious in such economies because they are vulnerable to variations in economic, natural and political forces. They usually lack diversity in their natural resources and in their exports. A natural disaster can devastate their whole island economy so that little resilience remains to deal with the disaster by relying on the island’s own resources. Whether or not such economies are particularly prone to political disturbances is unclear, but when such disturbances occur they tend to impoverish those areas because net migration and net capital outflows increase and inbound tourism (which is often an important source of income for such economies) dwindles. The environmental situation facing small island economies varies. Some have undergone rapid urbanisation and centralization of their populations and this has caused significant pollution problems and water availability problems. Furthermore, some are at considerable risk from climate change. Using mathematical relationships, it is demonstrated that small island nations will lose (on average) proportionately more of their land mass as a result of sea-level rises than larger nations. Increased urbanisation of such economies usually increases their economic vulnerability because it is normally associated with greater dependence on international market exchange and results in increasing urban-bias in politics.
Relatedness Measures to Aid the Transfer of Building Blocks among Multiple Tasks
Creators: name: Nguyen, Trung B.
name: Browne, Will N.
name: Zhang, Mengjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multitask Learning is a learning paradigm that deals with multiple different tasks in parallel and transfers knowledge among them. XOF, a Learning Classifier System using tree-based programs to encode building blocks (meta-features), constructs and collects features with rich discriminative information for classification tasks in an observed list. This paper seeks to facilitate the automation of feature transferring in between tasks by utilising the observed list. We hypothesise that the best discriminative features of a classification task carry its characteristics. Therefore, the relatedness between any two tasks can be estimated by comparing their most appropriate patterns. We propose a multiple-XOF system, called mXOF, that can dynamically adapt feature transfer among XOFs. This system utilises the observed list to estimate the task relatedness. This method enables the automation of transferring features. In terms of knowledge discovery, the resemblance estimation provides insightful relations among multiple data. We experimented mXOF on various scenarios, e.g. representative Hierarchical Boolean problems, classification of distinct classes in the UCI Zoo dataset, and unrelated tasks, to validate its abilities of automatic knowledge-transfer and estimating task relatedness. Results show that mXOF can estimate the relatedness reasonably between multiple tasks to aid the learning performance with the dynamic feature transferring.
description: accepted by The Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2020)
Antipersonnel mines in Colombia : engaging non-state actors through norm compliance and construction
Creators: name: Navas, Luisa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Due to Colombia's internal conflict the use of antipersonnel mines is common among the non-state actors that operate in the territory. With the Ottawa Treaty many states complied towards a ban of the use of antipersonnel mines, but the Treaty was not an instrument for non-state actors to sign. Thus, the importance of establishing the mechanisms or instruments available to engage these groups with a ban on landmines, as these weapons have killed and injured millions of innocent people around the world without choosing or differentiating their victims. As states complied with an existent norm and were taught by non-governmental organizations that the problem of landmines had to be solved this is not done as easily with nonstate actors. Through literature review, and published data analysis the main conclusion is that these groups are willing to give up their arms only when it is better for them to negotiate a peace process than to keep fighting in the conflict. If they have the military and economic power to maintain themselves at war then they are not willing to negotiate. A solution might be to arrange local processes that lead to national ones, working in conjunction with non-governmental organizations, and international ones in mine risk education programs, and mine awareness. It is essential to involve the local communities in these types of processes. Since trust and confidentiality are necessary for the parts to negotiate, social processes are needed and constructivism is able to explain how these can be achieved. Transmitting ideas, values and common beliefs to the different parts in the conflict is explained through constructivism. As one of the principles of this stream is that power and self-interest are not everything but there has to be some common values and ideas involved in such processes, where other actors, not only the states are to be taken into consideration, it is important to take ideas into account as a social construction of a process that should start when the countries are still suffering from an internal conflict.
Natural Protection from International Competition in the Livestock Industry: Analysis, Examples and Vietnam's Pork Market as a Case
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Lapar, Ma. Lucila A.
name: Staal, Steven J.
name: Que, Nguyen Ngoc
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Lapar, Ma. Lucila A.
name: Staal, Steven J.
name: Que, Nguyen Ngoc
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Agricultural policies
subject: Asia
subject: economies of scale
subject: farm sizes
subject: household agriculture
subject: industrial agriculture
subject: pigs
subject: Vietnam

description: In some countries, local agricultural products (particularly livestock products) are shielded from international competition by ‘natural’ factors influencing the purchase of products. These factors include strong local tastes (or preferences) that favour the local product and the absence (or relative absence) of complementary retail outlets or home appliances suitable for storing and preparing potential imported substitutes. The desire for fresh meat rather than chilled or frozen meat, the absence or limited accessibility of supermarket outlets and limited refrigeration possibilities in homes can limit imports into developed countries of meat supplied by developed countries. From consumer’s perspectives these fresh or raw products are significantly different products from their frozen or processed alternatives, and so face different demand parameters. This product differentiation is nearly always ignored in trade models, which instead assume homogenous commodities. Where local fresh products make up over 90% of sales, such as pork in Vietnam, this unrecognized product differentiation can undermine model results, since raw or fresh products are generally untradeable. Examples of such limitations on trade are given for several developing countries, including some African nations. Religious consideration can also be a factor restricting international trade in livestock products and sometimes, government regulations on food imports reflect the tastes of local buyers, for example their demands for food purity and so on. Some simple economic analysis is provided of how local producers of livestock benefit from natural protection. Drawing on the results of recent research completed in Vietnam and other sources, factors that provide natural protection to Vietnam’s pork industry are identified, and particular attention is given to their implications for small-scale household pig producers compared to larger-scale commercial pig producers in Vietnam. It is noted that the current protection of Vietnam’s pig industry is not entirely based on preference for pork from local breeds of pigs but arises for other reasons. Some consideration is given to whether the natural protection of Vietnam’s pig industry will change in the future.
Boundary Feedback Control of 2x2 Quasilinear Hyperbolic Systems: Predictive Synthesis and Robustness Analysis
Creators: name: Strecker, Timm
name: Aamo, Ole Morten
name: Cantoni, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a predictive feedback control method for a class of quasilinear hyperbolic systems with one boundary control input. Assuming exact model knowledge, convergence to the origin, or tracking at the uncontrolled boundary, are achieved in finite time. A robustness certificate is provided, showing that at least under more restrictive assumptions on the system coefficients, the control method has inherent robustness properties with respect to small errors in the model, measurements and control input. Rigorous, although conservative conditions on the time derivative of the initial condition and on the design parameter controlling the convergence speed are given to ensure global existence of the solution for initial conditions with arbitrary infinity-norm.
Latent Space Models for Dynamic Networks with Weighted Edges
Creators: name: Sewell, Daniel K.
name: Chen, Yuguo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Longitudinal binary relational data can be better understood by implementing a latent space model for dynamic networks. This approach can be broadly extended to many types of weighted edges by using a link function to model the mean of the dyads, or by employing a similar strategy via data augmentation. To demonstrate this, we propose models for count dyads and for non-negative real dyads, analyzing simulated data and also both mobile phone data and world export/import data. The model parameters and latent actors' trajectories, estimated by Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms, provide insight into the network dynamics.
Simple Model of the Outflow from Starburst Galaxies: Application to Radio Observations
Creators: name: Zirakashvili, V. N.
name: Voelk, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analytical model for the hydrodynamic outflow from the disk of a starburst galaxy. The model is used to calculate the cosmic ray propagation and the radio intensity distribution in the nuclear starbust region of NGC 253. We find that the cosmic ray energy production rate of the central 600 pc of NGC 253 is about $3\cdot 10^{41}$ erg s$^{-1}$, that is about 15 percent of the total mechanical supernova power. For this inner region we estimate a terminal outflow velocity of 900 km s$^{-1}$ and a mass loss rate of $\dot{M}=2÷4M_\odot$ per year.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, accepted to ApJ
Theory of spin-polarized transport in semiconductor heterojunctions: Proposal for spin injection and detection in silicon
Creators: name: Zutic, Igor
name: Fabian, Jaroslav
name: Erwin, Steven C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin injection and detection in silicon is a difficult problem, in part because the weak spin-orbit coupling and indirect gap preclude using standard optical techniques. We propose two ways to overcome this difficulty, and illustrate their operation by developing a model for spin-polarized transport across a heterojunction. We find that equilibrium spin polarization of holes leads to a strong modification of the spin and charge dynamics of electrons, and we show how the symmetry properties of the charge current can be exploited to detect spin injection in silicon using currently available techniques.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, added footnote
Agricultural Development in Traditional Asian Economies: Observations Prompted by a Livestock Study in Vietnam
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Development
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Agricultural development
subject: Asia
subject: China
subject: economic transition
subject: farm employment
subject: land reforms
subject: land rights
subject: livestock
subject: non-farm employment
subject: structural change

description: China began its economic reforms in 1979 and Vietnam followed in 1986. Since then both countries have experienced rapid economic growth, falling poverty rates and significant rises in per capita income. At the same time, substantial restructuring of their economies has occurred, a feature of which has been a decline in the relative contribution of agriculture to total employment and output. These changes are outlined. Significant changes have also occurred in the agricultural sectors of China and Vietnam and these are reviewed. In both countries, the livestock sector has grown in relative importance. Households are the main contributors to agricultural production but their individual holdings of land are small and households keeping livestock mostly only hold a few head. Given the exit of farmers from agriculture, pressures are mounting for increasing the size of agricultural units. This exit can add to economic efficiency and growth. Policies to facilitate movements from farm to non-farm employment are discussed and analysed. Property rights and the marketability of agricultural land can facilitate such movements and contribute to economic efficiency. In recent times, China and Vietnam have extended property rights in agricultural land and have increased its marketability. These measures are outlined. With further economic development and transition, it is predicted that these rights and the marketability of agricultural land will be further extended
Conspiracy vs science: A large-scale analysis of online discussion cascades
Creators: name: Zhang, Yafei
name: Wang, Lin
name: Zhu, Jonathan J. H.
name: Wang, Xiaofan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the emergence and rapid proliferation of social media platforms and social networking sites, recent years have witnessed a surge of misinformation spreading in our daily life. Drawing on a large-scale dataset which covers more than 1.4M posts and 18M comments, we investigate the propagation of two distinct narratives--(i) conspiracy information, whose claims are generally unsubstantiated and thus referred as misinformation to some extent, and (ii) scientific information, whose origins are generally readily identifiable and verifiable--in an online social media platform. We find that conspiracy cascades tend to propagate in a multigenerational branching process while science cascades are more likely to grow in a breadth-first manner. Specifically, conspiracy information triggers larger cascades, involves more users and generations, persists longer, is more viral and bursty than science information. Content analysis reveals that conspiracy cascades contain more negative words and emotional words which convey anger, fear, disgust, surprise and trust. We also find that conspiracy cascades are more concerned with political and controversial topics. After applying machine learning models, we achieve an AUC score of nearly 90% in discriminating conspiracy from science narratives. We find that conspiracy cascades are more likely to be controlled by a broader set of users than science cascades, imposing new challenges on the management of misinformation. Although political affinity is thought to affect the consumption of misinformation, there is very little evidence that political orientation of the information source plays a role during the propagation of conspiracy information. Our study provides complementing evidence to current misinformation research and has practical policy implications to stem the propagation and mitigate the influence of misinformation online.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables
A Generalized Fractional-Order Elastodynamic Theory for Nonlocal Attenuating Media from A generalized fractional-order elastodynamic theory for non-local attenuating media. 23 March 2020 13 May 2020
Creators: name: Sansit Patnaik
name: Semperlotti, Fabio
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mechanics
subject: 10299 Applied Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20301 Acoustics and Acoustical Devices; Waves
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supplementary Information
An Economic Study of Small Pigholders in Vietnam: Some Insights Gained and the Scope for Further Research
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Development
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Vietnam
subject: pigs
subject: household agriculture
subject: farm sizes
subject: agricultural policies

description: Some relevant background to this research project is provided by outlining selected features of Vietnam’s pig industry. Then the main findings (in the view of the author) from this ACIAR-funded research are presented. These results include (1) natural protection given to Vietnam’s pig producers from imports as a result of the nature of the preferences of Vietnamese consumers: (2) the importance of household labour, especially that provided by females, in the husbandry of pigs held by households; (3) the existence, or otherwise, of scale economies as a function of the number of pigs held by households, (4) the import dependence for pig food of Vietnam’s pig industry and the way in which it varies with the number of pigs kept by households; (5) specialization in pig production, (6) regional differences in the economics of pig production; (7) economic discrimination in the supply of inputs to household producers of pigs and in their sale of pigs; (8) the size of pig-holdings and the use of professional services, such as veterinary services and extension services; and (9) findings about miscellaneous matters, such as the genetic composition of the pig stock. Scope for future research in relation to these aspects is also highlighted, and the need is raised for considering the economics of increasing quality standards and certifying the quality of pork. The economics of increasing the scale of pig producing units is given particular attention.
Multi wavelength cross-correlation analysis of the simulated cosmic web
Creators: name: Gheller, Claudio
name: Vazza, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We used magneto-hydrodynamical cosmological simulations to investigate the cross-correlation between different observables (i.e. X-ray emission, Sunyaev-Zeldovich signal at 21 cm, HI temperature decrement, diffuse synchrotron emission and Faraday Rotation) as a probe of the diffuse matter distribution in the cosmic web. We adopt an uniform and simplistic approach to produce synthetic observations at various wavelengths, and we compare the detection chances of different combinations of observables correlated with each other and with the underlying galaxy distribution in the volume. With presently available surveys of galaxies and existing instruments, the best chances to detect the diffuse gas in the cosmic web outside of halos is by cross-correlating the distribution of galaxies with Sunyaev-Zeldovich observations. We also find that the cross-correlation between the galaxy network and the radio emission or the Faraday Rotation can already be used to limit the amplitude of extragalactic magnetic fields, well outside of the cluster volume usually explored by existing radio observations, and to probe the origin of cosmic magnetism with the future generation of radio surveys.
description: 16 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication by MNRAS
The early stage of a cosmic collision? XMM-Newton unveils two obscured AGN in the galaxy pair ESO509-IG066
Creators: name: Guainazzi, M.
name: Piconcelli, E.
name: Jimenez-Bailon, E.
name: Matt, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the XMM-Newton discovery of a X-ray bright AGN pair in the interacting galaxy system ESO509-IG066. Both galaxies host an X-ray luminous (L_X ~10^{43} erg/s) obscured nucleus with column densities N_H~7x10^{22} and N_H~5x10^{21} atoms/cm/cm. The optical morphology is only mildly disturbed, suggesting a merging system in the early stage of its evolution. Still, the pair is probably gravitationally bound, and might eventually evolve into a compact, fully gas embedded systems such as NGC6240.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures (1 GIF), accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics Letters
The Excitement and Value of Discovering Tourism Economics: Clem Tisdell's Journey
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: China
subject: ecological economics
subject: economic development
subject: environmental economics
subject: India
subject: nature-based tourism
subject: sustainable tourism
subject: tourism economics
subject: wildlife conservation.

description: Outlines how Clem Tisdell came to discover tourism economics and charts the basic route that he followed in developing that interest. This article is developed by first considering his early years (1939 to 1960), that is the period prior to his commencement of postgraduate studies at the Australian National University, then his postgraduate studies at the Australian National University (1961-1963), and his lecturing appointment at this university in the period 1964-1972. It was towards the end of this period that his research interests started to change significantly and provided a springboard for his later focus on tourism economics and the environment. It was during his appointment as Professor of Economics at the University of Newcastle (1972-1989) that his interest in tourism economics ‘took-off’ and gathered momentum thanks initially to a research grant from the ASEAN-Australian Joint Research Project in 1982. His interest in this subject continued strongly after he joined The University of Queensland in 1989 and benefited from several research grants, including some from the CRC for Sustainable Tourism. He was appointed Professor Emeritus in this university in 2005 and continues to pursue his interest in tourism economics. Tisdell explains why he has found this interest to be exciting and of value.
Inclusive Production of D^+, D^0, D_s^+ and D^*+ Mesons in Deep Inelastic Scattering at HERA
Creators: name: H1 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inclusive production cross sections are measured in deep inelastic scattering at HERA for meson states composed of a charm quark and a light antiquark or the charge conjugate. The measurements cover the kinematic region of photon virtuality 2 < Q^2 < 100 GeV^2, inelasticity 0.05 < y < 0.7, D meson transverse momenta p_t(D) > 2.5 GeV and pseudorapidity |eta(D)| < 1.5. The identification of the D-meson decays and the reduction of the combinatorial background profit from the reconstruction of displaced secondary vertices by means of the H1 silicon vertex detector. The production of charmed mesons containing the light quarks u, d and s is found to be compatible with a description in which the hard scattering is followed by a factorisable and universal hadronisation process.
description: 28 pages, 6 figures and 9 tables
Narrowband and passband composite pulses for variable rotations
Creators: name: Torosov, Boyan T.
name: Ivanov, Svetoslav S.
name: Vitanov, Nikolay V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a systematic approach to derive narrowband (NB) and passband (PB) composite sequences which can produce any pre-selected transition probability with any desired accuracy. The NB composite pulses are derived by successive cancellation of derivative terms in the propagator. The PB pulses are built by combining two half-$π$ NB pulses. Both the NB and PB pulses feature vanishing wings on both sides of the central region around the target transition probability, and the PB pulses offer also a flat (broadband) top around the target probability. The NB sequences are particularly suitable for sensing and metrology applications, while the PB sequences can be very useful for qubit control in the case of tightly spaced qubits for they ensure both selectivity (suppressed cross talk to neighbors) and robustness (suppressed laser pointing instability). Other possible applications include selective (NB), or both selective and robust (PB), control of close transitions in frequency space.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
On A Proper Definition of Spin Current
Creators: name: Shi, Junren
name: Zhang, Ping
name: Xiao, Di
name: Niu, Qian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conventional definition of spin current is incomplete and unphysical in describing spin transport in systems with spin-orbit coupling. A proper and measurable spin current is established in this study, which fits well into the standard framework of near-equilibrium transport theory and has the desirable property to vanish in insulators with localized orbitals. Experimental implications of our theory are discussed.
description: Final version with updated journal-ref
Microcaria Crotch
Creators: name: POORANI, J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Coccinellidae
Microcaria

description: Genus Microcaria Crotch
Microcaria Crotch, 1871: 7.
Type species: Coccinella (Daulis) mulsanti Montrouzier, 1861, designated by Rye 1873: 329.
Bothrocalvia Crotch, 1874: 143. Type species: Coccinella albolineata Gyllenhal in Scĥnherr, 1808, by original designation.— Synonymized by Ślipiński et al. 2020: 89.
Diagnosis. Form broad oval to rounded, dorsum strongly convex and glabrous. Anterior clypeal margin straight between lateral projections.Antenna 11-segmented with a long, three-segmented club. Terminal maxillary palpomere securiform. Prothoracic hypomeron with foveae near anterolateral corners. Prosternal process with distinct carinae. Anterior margin of mesoventrite medially deeply emarginate. Middle and hind tibiae with a pair of apical spurs. Elytra with lateral margins narrowly raised, epipleuron distinctly foveate on level with hind coxae. Male genitalia with penis guide robust and broad, parameres densely setose, penis consisting of more than one sclerite distinctly separated by membranes and enlarged near the middle. Spermatheca with nodulus and ramus differentiated though short and almost subequal in length, infundibulum present.
Distribution. It is widely distributed in the Oriental and Australasian regions, extending from China and India to Australia, to the Pacific Islands (Ślipiński et al. 2020).
Affinities. Ślipiński et al. (2020) synonymized Bothrocalvia with Microcaria and observed Microcaria is externally identical to Coelophora and separated from the latter only by the male and female genitalia but placed at least one Australo-Pacific species, Microcaria salomonensis (Korschefsky), having aberrant male and female genitalia, in Microcaria. In the phylogenetic analysis by Tomaszewska et al. (2021), Microcaria was grouped with Calvia (in part) and Coelophora (in part). Microcaria is differentiated from Coelophora by the penis consisting of a medially expanded single sclerite and the spermatheca with a cornu only weakly C-shaped and a distinctly projecting ramus (Ślipiński et al. 2020). Ślipiński et al. (2020) mentioned that infundibulum is absent in Microcaria, but it is clearly present in M. albolineata (Gyllenhal), the most common species of the genus in India.
Included species. Three species, M. albolineata (Gyllenhal), M. pupillata (Swartz) and M. lewisii Crotch, are known from the Indian Subcontinent.
description: Published as part of POORANI, J., 2023, An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 5332 (1) on pages 192-194, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8261502
Electronic Supplementary Material from Early-life experience shapes patterns of senescence in a food-caching passerine
Creators: name: Sorensen, Marjorie C.
name: Strickland, Dan
name: Freeman, Nikole E.
name: Fuirst, Matthew
name: Sutton, Alex O.
name: Norris, D. Ryan
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional radio tracking methods and supporting results