cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Cranberry Juice Product that Inhibits Enteric CYP3A-Mediated First-Pass Metabolism in Humans
Creators: name: Yan, Z.
name: Dees, E. C.
name: Paine, M. F.
name: Graf, T. N.
name: Ngo, N.
name: Kashuba, A. D. M.
name: Carrizosa, D. R.
name: Oberlies, N. H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: An in vivo study in rats showed a cranberry juice product to inhibit the intestinal first-pass metabolism of the CYP3A substrate nifedipine. However, a clinical study involving the CYP3A probe substrate midazolam and a different cranberry juice product showed no interaction. Because the composition of bioactive components in natural products can vary substantially, a systematic in vitro-in vivo approach was taken to identify a cranberry juice capable of inhibiting enteric CYP3A in humans. First, the effects of five cranberry juices, coded A through E, were evaluated on midazolam 1′-hydroxylation activity in human intestinal microsomes. Juice E was the most potent, ablating activity at 0.5% juice (v/v) relative to control. Second, juice E was fractionated to generate hexane-, chloroform-, butanol-, and aqueous-soluble fractions. The hexane- and chloroform-soluble fractions at 50 μg/ml were the most potent, inhibiting by 77 and 63%, respectively, suggesting that the CYP3A inhibitors reside largely in these more lipophilic fractions. Finally, juice E was evaluated on the oral pharmacokinetics of midazolam in 16 healthy volunteers. Relative to water, juice E significantly increased the geometric mean area under the curve (AUC)0-∞ of midazolam by ∼30% (p = 0.001), decreased the geometric mean 1′-hydroxymidazolam/midazolam AUC0-∞ ratio by ∼40% (p < 0.001), and had no effect on geometric mean terminal half-life, indicating inhibition of enteric, but not hepatic, CYP3A-mediated first-pass metabolism of midazolam. This approach both showed a potential drug interaction liability with cranberry juice and substantiated that rigorous in vitro characterization of dietary substances is required before initiation of clinical drug-diet interaction studies.
应用高通量测序技术探究遗传病的致病原因和机制
Creators: name: 张锐
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2023
Subjects: Raw sequence reads
Genome sequencing
Monoisolate
Medical

description: 严重遗传性疾病是指由于遗传因素先天形成，患者全部或部分丧失自主生活能力，后代再发风险高，医学上认为不宜生育的遗传性疾病。目前二代基因测序技术已经广泛应用于遗传性疾病的诊疗中，二代基因测序技术可以定位相应致病基因与突变，从基因层面找到致病原因、探究疾病发生机制
Hygrobates Koch 1837
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Hygrobatidae
Hygrobates

description: Genus Hygrobates Koch, 1837
Records not classified to species level from the study area: Uttaranchal—Kumar & Dobriyal (1992).
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
Transcription metabolism Conjoint analysis of coconut meat
Creators: name: 周丽霞
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2023
Subjects: Transcriptome or Gene expression
Metabolome
Multispecies
Agricultural

description: With the endosperm of fragrant coconut and non fragrant coconut at different development stages as research materials, Conjoint analysis of metabolism and gene expression was carried out by means of metabolomic and Transcriptome sequencing and other biological technology means, to explore the difference of sweet metabolic components and gene expression of the two kinds of coconut, so as to lay a foundation for analyzing the formation of sweet quality of perfume coconut.
An Overview of Plithogenic Set and Symbolic Plithogenic Algebraic Structures
Creators: name: Smarandache, Florentin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 490104
subject: Complex systems

description: This paper is devoted to Plithogeny, Plithogenic Set, and its extensions. These concepts are branches of uncertainty and indeterminacy instruments of practical and theoretical interest. Starting with some examples, we proceed towards general structures. Then we present definitions and applications of the principal concepts derived from plithogeny, and relate them to complex problems.
Relationship between Drug/Metabolite Exposure and Impairment of Excretory Transport Function
Creators: name: Pollack, G. M.
name: Kalvass, J. C.
name: Zamek-Gliszczynski, M. J.
name: Brouwer, K. L. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The quantitative impact of excretory transport modulation on the systemic exposure to xenobiotics and derived metabolites is poorly understood. This article presents fundamental relationships between exposure and loss of a specific excretory process that contributes to overall clearance. The mathematical relationships presented herein were explored on the basis of hepatic excretory data for polar metabolites formed in the livers of various transporter-deficient rodents. Experimental data and theoretical relationships indicated that the fold change in exposure is governed by the relationship, 1/(1 – fe), where fe is the fraction excreted by a particular transport protein. Loss of function of a transport pathway associated with fe < 0.5 will have minor consequences (<2-fold) on exposure, but exposure will increase exponentially in response to loss of function of transport pathways with fe > 0.5. These mathematical relationships may be extended to other organs, such as the intestine and kidney, as well as to systemic drug exposure. Finally, the relationship between exposure and fe is not only applicable to complete loss of function of a transport pathway but also can be extended to partial inhibition scenarios by modifying the equation with the ratio of the inhibitor concentration and inhibition constant.
Complete chloroplast genomes of Desmidorchis penicillata (Deflers) Plowes and Desmidorchis retrospiciens Ehrenb: Comparative and phylogenetic analyses among subtribe Stapeliinae (Ceropegieae, Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae)
Creators: name: Alharbi, Samah A.
name: Albokhari, Enas J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Desmidorchis
evolutionary history
Ghaltha
molecular markers
mutational hotspots
plastome
purifying selection
Phylogenetic analysis

description: The succulent shrubs Desmidorchis penicillata and D. retrospiciens, part of the taxonomically challenging genus Desmidorchis, are well-known for their ecological resilience and medicinal significance. This study sequences the first complete chloroplast genomes of these species, shedding light on their genomic characteristics and evolutionary relationships. The circular genomes of D. penicillata (161,776 bp) and D. retrospiciens (162,277 bp) display a quadripartite structure typical of angiosperms. Gene content, order, and GC content are consistent, featuring 114 unique genes, including 80 protein-coding, 30 transfer RNAs, and four ribosomal RNAs genes. Codon usage analysis underscores A/U-rich preferences, while RNA editing sites, predominantly in ndhB and ndhD genes, suggest post-transcriptional modifications. Analysis of long repeated sequences reveals a predominance of forward and palindromic repeats. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), particularly A/T motifs, are abundant, with high presence of mononucleotide, offering potential molecular markers. Comparative analysis with their relatives in subtribe Stapeliinae identifies mutational hotspots such as ycf1, ndhF, trnG(GCC)-trnfM(CGA) and ndhG-ndhI that could be potential DNA barcoding markers. The inverted repeat (IR) boundaries analysis revealed an expansion of IR on the small single copy region, leading to the formation of a pseudogene. Overall, substitution rate analysis indicated purifying selection, with a few genes (rpl22, clpP and rps11) showing signatures of positive selection. Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis positioned Desmidorchis within the Stapeliinae clade and strongly supported the sister relationship between D. penicillata and D. retrospiciens. This study provides comprehensive molecular data for future research in Desmidorchis.
title: Chiral processes in the natural environment
Creators: name: Hasan Abid, Syed
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: Some persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are chiral in nature (e.g. α-HCH, and some PCBs) and are well recognised in different environmental samples. The effects of this property on their environmental behaviour are not well understood. This research specifically deals with chirality, a characteristic exhibited by asymmetric molecules which can exist as non-superimposable mirror images of one another. Chirality influences chemical behaviour in a number of ways including differences in environmental toxicity and persistence between enantiomers.
On reduced Arakelov divisors of real quadratic fields
Creators: name: Tran, Ha Thanh Nguyen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11Y16, 11Y40

description: We generalize the concept of reduced Arakelov divisors and define $C$-reduced divisors for a given number $C \geq 1$. These $C$-reduced divisors have remarkable properties which are similar to the properties of reduced ones. In this paper, we describe an algorithm to test whether an Arakelov divisor of a real quadratic field $F$ is $C$-reduced in time polynomial in $\log|Δ_F|$ with $Δ_F$ the discriminant of $F$. Moreover, we give an example of a cubic field for which our algorithm does not work.
description: 18 pages
A Simple Observer for Gyro and Accelerometer Biases in Land Navigation Systems
Creators: name: Tereshkov, Vasiliy M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: I.2.9
subject: 93B30

description: In various applications of land vehicle navigation and automatic guidance systems, Global Navigation Satellite System/Inertial Measurement Unit (GNSS/IMU) positioning performance crucially depends on the attitude determination accuracy affected by gyro and accelerometer bias instabilities. Traditional bias estimation approaches based on the Kalman filter suffer from implementation complexity and require non-intuitive tuning procedures. In this paper we propose, as an alternative, a simple observer that estimates inertial sensor biases exclusively in terms of quantities with obvious geometrical meaning. By this, any multidimensional vector-matrix operations are avoided and observer tuning is substantially simplified. The observer has been successfully tested in a farming vehicle navigation system.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures in Journal of Navigation, 2015. http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0373463315000016
Cities and Regions in Britain through hierarchical percolation
Creators: name: Arcaute, Elsa
name: Molinero, Carlos
name: Hatna, Erez
name: Murcio, Roberto
name: Vargas-Ruiz, Camilo
name: Masucci, A. Paolo
name: Batty, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Urban systems present hierarchical structures at many different scales. These are observed as administrative regional delimitations which are the outcome of complex geographical, political and historical processes which leave almost indelible footprints on infrastructure such as the street network. In this work we uncover a set of hierarchies in Britain at different scales using percolation theory on the street network and on its intersections which are the primary points of interaction and urban agglomeration. At the larger scales, the observed hierarchical structures can be interpreted as regional fractures of Britain, observed in various forms, from natural boundaries, such as National Parks, to regional divisions based on social class and wealth such as the well-known North-South divide. At smaller scales, cities are generated through recursive percolations on each of the emerging regional clusters. We examine the evolution of the morphology of the system as a whole, by measuring the fractal dimension of the clusters at each distance threshold in the percolation. We observe that this reaches a maximum plateau at a specific distance. The clusters defined at this distance threshold are in excellent correspondence with the boundaries of cities recovered from satellite images, and from previous methods using population density.
description: 20 pages, 14 figures
The Kohn-Luttinger superconductivity in idealized doped graphene
Creators: name: Kagan, M. Yu.
name: Val'kov, V. V.
name: Mitskan, V. A.
name: Korovushkin, M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Idealized graphene monolayer is considered neglecting the van der Waals potential of the substrate and the role of the nonmagnetic impurities. The effect of the long-range Coulomb repulsion in an ensemble of Dirac fermions on the formation of the superconducting pairing in a monolayer is studied in the framework of the Kohn-Luttinger mechanism. The electronic structure of graphene is described in the strong coupling Wannier representation on the hexagonal lattice. We use the Shubin-Vonsowsky model which takes into account the intra- and intersite Coulomb repulsions of electrons. The Cooper instability is established by solving the Bethe-Salpeter integral equation, in which the role of the effective interaction is played by the renormalized scattering amplitude. The renormalized amplitude contains the Kohn-Luttinger polarization contributions up to and including the second-order terms in the Coulomb repulsion. We construct the superconductive phase diagram for the idealized graphene monolayer and show that the Kohn-Luttinger renormalizations and the intersite Coulomb repulsion significantly affect the interplay between the superconducting phases with $f-$, $d+id-$, and $p+ip-$wave symmetries of the order parameter.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Geometry of Fanning Curves in Divisible Grassmannians
Creators: name: Durán, Carlos E.
name: Peixoto, Cíntia R. de A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the geometry of fanning curves in the Grassmann manifold of n-dimensional subspaces of $\mathbb{R}^{kn}$; we construct a complete system of invariants which solve the congruence problem. The geometry of the invariants themselves and their relation with classical invariants is also studied.
title: Reversing Ticket Based Probing (RTBP) Routing for MANET
Creators: name: Yucel, Turgut
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2006

description: The delay-constrained maximum-bandwidth routing problem in MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Networks) is to find the maximum bandwidth path which satisfies a given delay constraint. The research challenge for this problem is that the networking information used for routing may be imprecise. The Ticket-Based Probing (TBP) routing algorithm provides a heuristic approach by using two types of ticket. In this thesis a Reversing Ticket-based Probing (RTBP) routing algorithm is proposed. The RTBP has two novel features compared to the original ticket based probing algorithms. The first feature is using just one type ticket, instead of two types of ticket. RTBP generates less ticket at the path request phase and it therefore reduces message overhead. The second feature is that if a ticket violates delay constraint, RTBP can reverse previous nodes. Through extensive simulations, it is shown that RTBP has less message overhead than existing ticket based probing algorithms do and RTBP can find feasible paths with maximum bandwidth, without decreasing the success ratio.
title: Incorporation of 3-s-phosphorothiolates into oligonucleotides : changing direction for RNA interference.
Creators: name: William Gaynor, James
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: The main focus of this work falls into two sections. Firstly the synthesis and hybridisation studies of RNA duplexes containing 3'-S-phosphorothiolate (3'-sp) linkages, which are prepared using traditional automated 3'-5' solid-phase phosphoramidite chemistry. Secondly, investigations into the preparation of the 3'-sp linkage using a currently untried 5'-3', or reverse, synthesis approach. Both approaches have potential use in RNA interference (RNAi). For efficient RNAi activity, there are three key points; the small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) must maintain an A-type helix; one terminus of the duplex is required to be more thermodynamically stable; and the strand whose 5' -end is less stably paired with the opposite strand is chosen as the guide strand. It has also been shown that RNAi activity does not totally rely on the 2' -hydroxyl functionality and can tolerate 2' -deoxy modifications. In terms of the sugar conformations, the 3' -sp linkage populates the RNA-like north conformation, and hence adopts an A-type helical conformation, to a greater extent than natural RNA, even though it lacks the 2' -hydroxyl group. Incorporating of a 3' -sp modifications into the uridine tract of the RNA duplex, 5'- r(GCGU1oGCG):5'-r(CGCA1QCGC),resulted in the thermal duplex stability rising by 1- 1.2 °C per modification. Therefore, by incorporating the 3' -sp linkage into either the 5' -end of the passenger strand, or the 3' -end of the guide strand, it is anticipated that the 3' -sp linkage can act as a compatible modification in RNAi. Using traditional 3'-5' synthesis, up to five 3'-sp linkages have been incorporated into the thymidine tract of 5'-d(GCGT1QGCG),each with a coupling efficiency of -93 %. By using reverse synthesis, it was hoped that the coupling yields could be enhanced so oligomers consisting entirely of 3'-sp modifications could be prepared; these oligomers could potentially be used as siRNA alternatives. We successfully incorporated a single 3'-sp modification into a DNA oligomer, so a proof of principle has been established. The yield of the thiol-phosphoramidite coupling is obviously poor and would need significantly enhancing for this technique to become a viable alternative to the traditionaI3'-5' synthesis. Optimisation studies are currently ongoing. As a small extra investigation, the possibility of synthesising 3'-thiopurine nucleosides was investigated using an enzymatic approach via transglycosilyation reactions. Initial studies indicate that 3'-thiothymidine and its corresponding 3'-thio-deoxyribose-1aphosphate derivative are substrates for thymidine phosphorylase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase, respectively.
Structural and Pharmacological Investigation of the P2X1 Receptor as a Drug Target
Creators: name: Bennetts, Felix
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310112
subject: Structural biology (incl. macromolecular modelling)
classificationCode: 321401
subject: Basic pharmacology
classificationCode: 310110
subject: Receptors and membrane biology

description: One of the most intriguing therapeutic applications for the P2X1 receptor is its potential use as a male contraceptive. The high prevalence of unintended pregnancies, limited male contraceptive options, and promising initial studies suggest significant benefits. However, the P2X1 receptor is poorly understood or effectively targeted by drugs. Using an array of structural and functional approaches we determined and characterised the first P2X1 receptor structure and used this information to discover new drugs targeting the receptor. The work in this thesis brings us closer to the ultimate goal of developing an oral male contraceptive pill.
Sex-Dependent Disposition of Acetaminophen Sulfate and Glucuronide in the in Situ Perfused Mouse Liver
Creators: name: Brouwer, K. L. R.
name: Pollack, G. M.
name: Patel, N. J.
name: Lee, J. K.
name: Bridges, A. S.
name: Abe, K.
name: Raub, T. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) is expressed in the hepatic canalicular membrane and mediates biliary excretion of xenobiotics including sulfate and glucuronide metabolites of some compounds. Hepatic Bcrp expression is sex-dependent, with higher expression in male mice. The hypothesis that sex-dependent Bcrp expression influences the hepatobiliary disposition of phase II metabolites was tested in the present study using acetaminophen (APAP) and the generated APAP glucuronide (AG) and sulfate (AS) metabolites in single-pass in situ perfused livers from male and female wild-type and Abcg–/– (Bcrp-deficient) mice. Pharmacokinetic modeling was used to estimate parameters governing the hepatobiliary disposition of APAP, AG, and AS. In wild-type mice, the biliary excretion rate constant was 2.5- and 7-fold higher in males than in females for AS and AG, respectively, reflecting male-predominant Bcrp expression. Sex-dependent differences in AG biliary excretion were not observed in Bcrp-deficient mice, and AS biliary excretion was negligible. Interestingly, sex-dependent basolateral excretion of AG (higher in males) and AS (higher in females) was noted in wild-type mice with a similar trend in Bcrp-deficient mouse livers, reflecting an increased rate constant for AG formation in male and AS formation in female mouse livers. In addition, the rate constant for AS basolateral excretion was increased significantly in female mouse livers compared with that in male mouse livers. It is interesting to note that multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 was higher in female than in male mouse livers. In conclusion, sex-dependent differences in conjugation and transporter expression result in profound differences in the hepatobiliary disposition of AG and AS in male and female mouse livers.
title: Stress and subfertility in dairy cows
Creators: name: Jerome Morris, Michael
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: In commercial dairy cattle farming, stressful disease conditions, such as high somatic cell count (SCC), poor body condition score (BCS) or lameness, are associated with subfertility. The objective of this thesis is to identify key areas in the reproductive cycle associated with each condition which contribute to this subfertility. Cows 30-80 days post partum from two commercial dairy farms were scored for SCC, BCS and lameness over a 5 week period prior to the implementation of an oestrous synchronization programme. Blood and milk sampling, trans-rectal ultrasonography and oestrus behaviour monitoring were conducted. Follicular development from emergence to deviation was unaffected as all cows produced a dominant follicle, which continued to grow beyond lOmm. In the following period, mean follicular growth, maximum follicular diameter and time to ovulation were not influenced by any of the 3 conditions (p> 0.05). In the animals that ovulated (irrespective of clinical status), follicles grew faster and achieved a greater diameter than in the animals that failed to ovulate (p< 0.05). Fewer lame animals ovulated compared to healthy animals (p< 0.05) and fewer high SCC animals with concurrent lameness ovulated than cows with only high SCC (p< 0.05) In cows with high SCC, progesterone concentrations prior to PG injection, over the peri-ovulatory period, on Days 5 and 7 or during the mid luteal phase after ovulation were unaffected, as was mean oestradiol concentration prior to ovulation. In the cows that ovulated, the dominant follicle grew at the same rate and ovulated at a similar size and at the same time regardless of high SCC, lameness or both. High SCC cows tended to (p< 0.07) and lame cows did express an oestrus of lower intensity and had a lower maximum intensity score than healthy animals (p< 0.05). High SCC cows started displaying oestrus signs and stood to be mounted (STBM) later than their healthy counterparts (p< 0.05) while lame animals displayed oestrus and STBM earlier than non lame cows (p< 0.05).
Use of Sandwich-Cultured Human Hepatocytes to Predict Biliary Clearance of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers and HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Creators: name: Bridges, A. S.
name: Abe, K.
name: Brouwer, K. L. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Previous reports have indicated that in vitro biliary clearance (Clbiliary) determined in sandwich-cultured hepatocytes correlates well with in vivo Clbiliary for limited sets of compounds. The purpose of this study was 1) to determine the in vitro Clbiliary in sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes of angiotensin II receptor blockers and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors that undergo limited metabolism and 2) to compare the predicted Clbiliary values with estimated in vivo hepatic clearance data in humans. The average biliary excretion index and in vitro intrinsic Clbiliary values of olmesartan, valsartan, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and pitavastatin in sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes were 35, 23, 31, 25, and 16%, respectively, and 0.943, 1.20, 0.484, 3.39, and 5.48 ml/min/kg, respectively. Clbiliary values predicted from sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes correlated with estimated in vivo hepatic clearance values based on published data (no in vivo data in humans was available for pitavastatin), and the rank order was also consistent. In conclusion, in vitro Clbiliary determined in sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes can be used to predict in vivo Clbiliary of compounds in humans.
Interpreting the unresolved intensity of cosmologically redshifted line radiation
Creators: name: Switzer, Eric R.
name: Chang, Tzu-Ching
name: Masui, Kiyoshi W.
name: Pen, Ue-Li
name: Voytek, Tabitha C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intensity mapping experiments survey the spectrum of diffuse line radiation rather than detect individual objects at high signal-to-noise. Spectral maps of unresolved atomic and molecular line radiation contain three-dimensional information about the density and environments of emitting gas, and efficiently probe cosmological volumes out to high redshift. Intensity mapping survey volumes also contain all other sources of radiation at the frequencies of interest. Continuum foregrounds are typically ~10^2-10^3 times brighter than the cosmological signal. The instrumental response to bright foregrounds will produce new spectral degrees of freedom that are not known in advance, nor necessarily spectrally smooth. The intrinsic spectra of foregrounds may also not be well-known in advance. We describe a general class of quadratic estimators to analyze data from single-dish intensity mapping experiments, and determine contaminated spectral modes from the data itself. The key attribute of foregrounds is not that they are spectrally smooth, but instead that they have fewer bright spectral degrees of freedom than the cosmological signal. Spurious correlations between the signal and foregrounds produce additional bias. Compensation for signal attenuation must estimate and correct this bias. A successful intensity mapping experiment will control instrumental systematics that spread variance into new modes, and it must observe a large enough volume that contaminant modes can be determined independently from the signal on scales of interest.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, as in ApJ
Hygrobates (Hygrobates) hamatus K. Viets 1935
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Hygrobatidae
Hygrobates
Hygrobates hamatus

description: Hygrobates (Hygrobates) hamatus K. Viets, 1935
New records: India: Assam State, Basistha stream, 24. xii. 2009, leg. Das & Bordoloi, 0/1/0 (mounted).
Records from the study area: Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala—“ Hygrobates hamatus bharatensis ” Cook (1967); Prasad (1974).
Habitat: Streams and seepage areas.
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Brunei, Singapore, Peninsular Malaysia, New Guinea, Indonesia, Australia.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
title: The impact on England of James VI and I with particular reference to the religious context
Creators: name: Rosemary Newton, Diana
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: For a king so sure of himself in life, James VI and I has, in death, suffered cruelly from the inability of historians, particularly English historians, to produce a rounded assessment of his achievement. As late as 1956 the standard biography, published that year, had the handicap of being written by a distinguished American historian who patently disliked his subject. James's reputation has customarily stood much higher among his fellow Scots. Yet only during the last thirty years have historians in general been much exercised by this obvious discrepancy, and it is only recently since the posing of Jenny Wormald's famous question, 'two kings or one?' which articulated what had been hinted at by North American historians - that reconciliation of the contrasting views has been more or less assured. The shadow of Whiggish history has hung heavily over English historiography; and although James's reputation was never wholly bad, it has only recently shown clear signs of escaping from the depressing effects of harsh assessments made by historians in the nineteenth century. The process of rehabilitation has carried with it important gains, bringing new understanding of James's role in the proceedings over union between England and Scotland, and deeper appreciation of his relationship with his English parliaments.
A neuro inspired oculomoter controller for a robotic head for laser and face tracking
Creators: name: Mathur, Vaibhav
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2023

description: Robotic vision introduces the need for real-time processing of noisy, rapidly fluctuating data in an environment that is constantly changing. Convenient presumptions are difficult to maintain in a real-world setting, such as static camera systems and deep learning algorithms that consume large amounts of data that is preferably slightly varying. We created a neuromorphic oculomotor controller and integrated it into a biomimetic robotic head prototype based on recent neurological research that demonstrate that saccade and smooth pursuit, the slow and rapid movements of the eyes, are handled by the same neuronal circuitry. The oculomotor controller is distinctive in that it 1) encodes and processes information using spikes that are communicated among models of biological neurons,2) Because it replicates the anatomy of the brain, it can be used without any special training. It's interesting to note that while the robotic eye kinematics are remarkably similar to those described in studies on the human eye, the tracking performance of our proposed system is comparable to that of PID controllers. This work advances ComBra Lab's main objective, which is to create "bottom-up" computational models of brain networks that are neuro-mimetic and exploit the brain's naturally occurring intelligence to operate robots. Our main contributions building on previous work has been making the robot more robust in target detection and expanding the applications to face detection.
In Vitro Investigation of the Hepatobiliary Disposition Mechanisms of the Antifungal Agent Micafungin in Humans and Rats
Creators: name: Yanni, S. B.
name: Thakker, D. R.
name: Augustijns, P. F.
name: Annaert, P. P.
name: Benjamin, D. K.
name: Brouwer, K. L. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the transport mechanisms responsible for elimination of micafungin, a new semisynthetic echinocandin antifungal agent, which is predominantly cleared by biliary excretion in humans and rats. In vitro studies using sandwich-cultured rat and human hepatocytes were conducted. Micafungin uptake occurred primarily (∼75%) by transporter-mediated mechanisms in rat and human. Micafungin uptake into hepatocytes was inhibited by taurocholate (Ki = 61 μM), Na+ depletion (45–55% reduced), and 10 μM rifampin (20–25% reduced); these observations support the involvement of Na+-taurocholate-cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP/Ntcp) and, to a lesser extent, organic anion-transporting polypeptides in the hepatic uptake of micafungin. The in vitro biliary clearance of micafungin, as measured by the B-CLEAR technique, amounted to 14 and 19 μl/(min · mg protein) in human and rat, respectively. In vitro biliary excretion of micafungin was reduced by 80 and 75% in the presence of the bile salt export pump (BSEP) inhibitors taurocholate (100 μM) and nefazodone (25 μM), respectively. Biliary excretion of micafungin also was reduced in the presence of breast cancer resistance protein inhibitors [N-(4-[2-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2-isoquinolinyl)ethyl]-phenyl)-9,10-dihydro-5-methoxy-9-oxo-4-acridine carboxamide (GF120918) (10 μM) and fumitremorgin C (10 μM)]. In vitro biliary excretion of micafungin was not significantly altered by coincubation with P-glycoprotein or multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 inhibitors. These results suggest that NTCP/Ntcp and BSEP/Bsep are primarily responsible for hepatobiliary disposition of micafungin in human and rat. Interference with hepatic bile acid disposition could be one mechanism underlying hepatotoxicity associated with micafungin in some patients.
title: Investigating the effects of Haemophilus influenzae on neutrophils in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Creators: name: Bakstad, Denise
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an inflammatory lung disease that is characterized by a slowly progressive and irreversible deterioration in lung function due to chronic bronchitis or emphysema, resulting in an increased shortness of breath. It is the 12 most prevalent disease world wide and cigarette smoking is the main risk factor for developing the disease - over 90% of patients are cigarette smokers. Exacerbations of COPD can occur due to infection of the lungs with bacteria. Neutrophils are the most abundant cells of the immune system, constituting the primary line of defence against bacterial infection. A process called the respiratory burst generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are used along with proteases to kill bacteria. These products are toxic in high concentrations and may cause damage to surrounding lung tissue when released. Infected lungs have an increased number of neutrophils, which have been recruited into the lungs to kill the bacteria. Despite this, large numbers of bacteria are still present, and increased damage to the lungs is evident. Therefore, the neutrophils may not be working efficiently to kill the bacteria in the COPD lung.
title: Development of instrumentation for low energy beams
Creators: name: Harasimowicz, Janusz
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2013

description: Ion and antiproton beams at keV energies are very attractive for a number of fundamental studies. The diagnostic of these beams, however, is a challenge because most detectors are either not sensitive enough or too disturbing. In this work, a set of optimised detectors has been developed to suit the particular beam diagnostic needs of the novel Ultra-low-energy Storage Ring (USR) at the future Facility for Low-energy Antiproton and Ion Research (FLAIR), accommodating as few as 10^7 particles at energies down to 20 keV. The instrumentation includes beam profile monitors based on scintillating screens and secondary electron emission, ultra-sensitive Faraday cups for absolute intensity measurements, and capacitive pick-ups for on-line beam position monitoring. This thesis presents results from theoretical studies and modelling, the design of prototypes of all monitors, and results from measurements with beam. All detectors are characterised in detail, their individual limitations are described and options for further improvements are indicated. Whilst initially developed for the USR, the instrumentation described in this thesis is also well suited for use in other low-intensity, low-energy accelerators, storage rings, and beam lines.
Hygrobates (Hygrobates) phreaticus Cook 1967
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Hygrobatidae
Hygrobates
Hygrobates phreaticus

description: Hygrobates (Hygrobates) phreaticus Cook, 1967
Records from the study area: Maharashtra—Cook (1967); Prasad (1974); Pešić & Ranga Reddy (2009) ..
Habitat: Hyporheic interstitial.
Distribution: India.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
title: The role of behaviour and contact networks in the transmission of infectious diseases in dairy cattle
Creators: name: Cecilia Behnke, Malgorzata
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: Oial contact between a potential host and the infectious IS pathogen is essential for faecoorally transmitted diseases, of which there are several that affect dairy cattle. Variations in oral contact rates, durations and distributions can potentially alter the risk posed by Qch pathogens to the individual. Ihis thesis provides a comprehensive description of oral contact behaviours and relationships in dairy heifers and identifies management practices that may be modified to alter rates, durations and distribution of these behaviours. Spatial closeness networks were examined as potential measures of social affinity and to determine the relationship between spatial closeness and oral contact networks.
title: The Development of Urbanism and Pastoral Nomads in the Southern Levant -Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age Stone Tool Production Industries and Flint Mines in the Jafr Basin, Southern Jordan-
Creators: name: Abe, Masashi
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: 'The development of urbanism' has been one of the most important topics since V. G Childe's seminal works. This paper will discuss the impact of the development of urbanism III the Southern Levant on pastoral nomads using archaeological data from the Jafr Basin, Southern Jordan. The Jafr Basin is one of the best flint sources in the Southern Levant and yields high quality Eocene flint. In the Early Bronze Age when a number of fortified urban settlements appeared in the Southern Levant, pastoral nomads in the Jafr Basin started intensive flint mining and stone tool production of tabular scrapers. Tabular scrapers were distributed from the basin in large quantities to urban settlements and farming villages. Pastoral nomads in the Negev and Sinai also started utilizing desert resources for urban settelements. It is likely that in the Early Bronze Age the arid areas were economically integrated with the moister zones to a greater degree than before. The development of urbanism had the effect of making pastoral nomads more to\\l1 and market-oriented. In the Early Bronze Age, a variety of desert products were distributed to sedentary settlements by pastoral nomads. Meanwhile, Early Bronze Age pastoral nomads probably became more dependent for living necessities and luxuries such as cereals, foods, vegetables and clothes on markets in urban communities.
Brief an Jacob Grinaeo, Joanni Triffio [et al.]
Creators: name: Rhinach, Bernhardus à
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1596

description: Bernhardus à Rhinach
description: Bernhardus, Pfarrer in Sitterdorf im Thurgau, bittet nach 31-jähriger Verweisung um Wiederaufnahme in das baslerische Ministerium und um Anstellung in einer vakanten Pfrunden auf der Landschaft. Er wurde 1597 nach Bretzwil und Reigoldswil gewählt, wo er 1606 gestorben ist. (nach Verzeichnis HSS Ki.-Ar.)
description: Bl. 305v: leer, bis auf Briefadresse und Oblate
description: Deutsch
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire Juli 2021 HAN-Katalogisierungsregeln Vollständige Rekatalogisierung nach Verzeichnis HSS Ki.-Ar. und Original tri
Magnetism and superconductivity in U_2Pt_xRh_(1-x)C_2
Creators: name: Wakeham, N.
name: Ni, Ni
name: Bauer, E. D.
name: Thompson, J. D.
name: Tegtmeier, E.
name: Ronning, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the phase diagram of the doping series U_2Pt_xRh_(1-x)C_2, studied through measurements of resistivity, specific heat and magnetic susceptibility. The Neel temperature of U_2RhC_2 of ~ 22 K is suppressed with increasing Pt content, reaching zero temperature close to x=0.7, where we observed signatures of increased quantum fluctuations. In addition, evidence is presented that the antiferromagnetic state undergoes a spin-reorientation transition upon application of an applied magnetic field. This transition shows non-monotonic behaviour as a function of x, peaking at around x=0.3. Superconductivity is observed for x>=0.9, with T_c increasing with increasing x. The reduction in T_c and increase in residual resistivity with decreasing Pt content is inconsistent with the extension of the Abrikosov-Gor'kov theory to unconventional superconductivity.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
Activation of the Acute Inflammatory Response Alters Cytochrome P450 Expression and Eicosanoid Metabolism
Creators: name: Poloyac, S. M.
name: Deng, Y.
name: Theken, K. N.
name: Miller, T. M.
name: Kannon, M. A.
name: Lee, C. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Cytochrome P450 (P450)-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid regulates inflammation in hepatic and extrahepatic tissue. CYP2C/CYP2J-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET+DHET) elicit anti-inflammatory effects, whereas CYP4A/CYP4F-derived 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is proinflammatory. Because the impact of inflammation on P450-mediated formation of endogenous eicosanoids is unclear, we evaluated P450 mRNA levels and P450 epoxygenase (EET+DHET) and ω-hydroxylase (20-HETE) metabolic activity in liver, kidney, lung, and heart in mice 3, 6, 24, and 48 h after intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 mg/kg) or saline administration. Hepatic Cyp2c29, Cyp2c44, and Cyp2j5 mRNA levels and EET+DHET formation were significantly lower 24 and 48 h after LPS administration. Hepatic Cyp4a12a, Cyp4a12b, and Cyp4f13 mRNA levels and 20-HETE formation were also significantly lower at 24 h, but recovered to baseline at 48 h, resulting in a significantly higher 20-HETE/EET+DHET formation rate ratio compared with that for saline-treated mice. Renal P450 mRNA levels and P450-mediated eicosanoid metabolism were similarly suppressed 24 h after LPS treatment. Pulmonary EET+DHET formation was lower at all time points after LPS administration, whereas 20-HETE formation was suppressed in a time-dependent manner, with the lowest formation rate observed at 24 h. No differences in EET+DHET or 20-HETE formation were observed in heart. Collectively, these data demonstrate that acute activation of the innate immune response alters P450 expression and eicosanoid metabolism in mice in an isoform-, tissue-, and time-dependent manner. Further study is necessary to determine whether therapeutic restoration of the functional balance between the P450 epoxygenase and ω-hydroxylase pathways is an effective anti-inflammatory strategy.
Decreased Hepatic Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Expression and Function in Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2-Deficient (TR-) Rats
Creators: name: Abe, K.
name: Brouwer, K. L. R.
name: Yue, W.
name: Sugiyama, Y.
name: Lee, J. K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp) 2-deficient (TR−) Wistar rats have been used to elucidate the role of Mrp2 in drug disposition. Decreased breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) levels were reported in sandwich-cultured hepatocytes (SCH) from TR− rats compared with those from wild-type (WT) rats. This study was designed to characterize hepatic Bcrp expression and function in TR− rats, using nitrofurantoin and pitavastatin as substrates. Bcrp was knocked down by RNA interference in rat SCH. Antibody BXP53, but not BXP21, specifically detected Bcrp knockdown in SCH. Bcrp protein levels were decreased markedly in TR− but not Mrp2-deficient Sprague-Dawley [Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rats (EHBR)] rats. Bcrp mRNA levels were decreased significantly in TR− livers as determined by TaqMan real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Biliary excretion of nitrofurantoin, a specific Bcrp substrate, was decreased significantly in SCH and isolated perfused livers from TR− rats compared with those from WT controls, indicating that hepatic Bcrp function is decreased in TR− rats. In Bcrp knockdown SCH, the biliary excretion index and in vitro biliary clearance of pitavastatin were decreased significantly to ∼58 and ∼52% of control, respectively, indicating that Bcrp plays a role in pitavastatin biliary excretion. Pitavastatin biliary excretion was decreased significantly in perfused livers from TR− compared with those from WT rats. In conclusion, expression and function of hepatic Bcrp are decreased significantly in TR− rats. The potential role of both Bcrp and Mrp2 should be considered when data generated in TR− rats are interpreted. TR− and EHBR rats in combination may be useful in differentiating the role of Mrp2 and Bcrp in drug/metabolite disposition.
title: Fast iterative methods for variational models in image segmentation
Creators: name: Badshah, Noor
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: Image segmentation is an important branch of computer vision. It aims at extracting meaningM objects lying in images either by dividing images 5 into contiguous semantic regions, or by extracting one or more specific objects in images such as left kidney in CT image. The image segmentation task is, in general, very difficult to achieve since natural images are diverse and complex, and the way we perceive them varies according to individuals.
title: Neutrophil signalling via Fcγ receptors
Creators: name: Cronin Allen, John
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: It has previously been shown that removal or blocking of the neutrophil receptor, FcyRIIIb (CD16b) completely prevented the ability of neutrophils to secrete reactive oxidants and granule enzymes in response to soluble immune complexes (SIC), but had no effect on the phagocytosis and killing of serum-opsonised Staphylococcus aureus. As soluble immune complexes are the major neutrophil activating factors in the synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the aim of this work is to determine the intracellular signalling pathways regulated by FcYRIIIb to understand, in more detail, neutrophil function in disease.