cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The effect of composition and structure of crude-oil models on fouling phenomena using a stirred batch reactor
Creators: name: Ball, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Fouling of crude oils in the heat exchangers of the refinery preheat train (PHT) is a common problem. The varying composition and complex phase behaviour of crude oils presents significant challenges when processing at high temperatures. Precipitation of asphaltenes from the oil and corrosion fouling at high temperatures results in the build-up of deposits on heat exchanger wall surfaces, reducing heat and momentum transfer. This results in significant economic and environmental impact. Studying this phenomenon from a physicochemical perspective remains challenging as crude oil compositions vary widely. In particular, asphaltenes, the heaviest oil fraction, exhibits phase behaviour which is highly dependent on temperature and blend composition. This work augments existing understanding of fouling behaviour of crude oils at high temperature by focusing on their compositions by blending, fractionation (into asphaltenes and maltenes) and recombination with model solvents. Synthetic asphaltene model-compound solutions were developed to study fouling in a repeatable and controlled manner, and their fouling characteristics were validated against those of naturally occurring crude oils. Fouling experiments for crude oils were conducted in a purpose – built laboratory scale system described in this work. This apparatus simulated the hydrodynamic conditions found in latter stage PHT heat exchangers. These studies formed the basis of comparison for later experiments, testing both fractionated oil solutions and synthetic asphaltene solutions utilising high boiling-point solvents (n-dodecane and 1-methylnaphthalene). Commissioning experiments revealed that fouling behaviour was influenced by several factors. Not only was the production of deposits highly dependent on the process conditions, blend composition and preparation of the test fluids, but also the cleaning procedure of the system. Traces of residual deposits were believed to act as nucleation sites for further deposit production and activity of the heated wall surface was subject to cycling passivation. When fractionated oil solutions were used, solution stability at process conditions was the primary driver of fouling; high concentrations of asphaltenes were relatively stable in 1-methylnaphthalene, but low concentrations were highly unstable in solutions containing large proportions of n-dodecane, an incompatible solvent. Maltene fouling was similarly dependant on its solution stability. Solutions of synthesised model asphaltenes based on alkylpyrene and perylene diimides, exhibited very different behaviour under process conditions. A long alkyl-chain perylene diimide (PDI-C12) alone exhibited strong fouling behaviour at process conditions. It exhibited marginal solubility in 1-methylnaphthalene and high thermal lability, resulting in significant insoluble deposits which also caused corrosion of the steel wall surface.
Measurement of pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV by the CMS and TOTEM experiments
Creators: name: The CMS Collaboration
name: The TOTEM Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pseudorapidity (eta) distributions of charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV are measured in the ranges abs(eta) < 2.2 and 5.3 < abs(eta) < 6.4 covered by the CMS and TOTEM detectors, respectively. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 45 inverse microbarns. Measurements are presented for three event categories. The most inclusive category is sensitive to 91-96% of the total inelastic proton-proton cross section. The other two categories are disjoint subsets of the inclusive sample that are either enhanced or depleted in single diffractive dissociation events. The data are compared to models used to describe high-energy hadronic interactions. None of the models considered provide a consistent description of the measured distributions.
description: Submitted to the European Physical Journal C; updated to published version
Gas-Phase metallicity for the Seyfert galaxy NGC 7130
Creators: name: Amiri, Amirnezam
name: Knapen, Johan H.
name: Comerón, Sébastien
name: Marconi, Alessandro
name: Lehmer, Bret. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metallicity measurements in galaxies can give valuable clues about galaxy evolution. One of the mechanisms postulated for metallicity redistribution in galaxies is gas flows induced by AGN, but the details of this process remain elusive. We report the discovery of a positive radial gradient in the gas-phase metallicity of the narrow line region of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 7130, which is not found when considering the star-forming components in the galaxy disk. To determine gas-phase metallicities for each kinematic component, we use both active galactic nuclei (AGN) and star-forming (SF) strong-line abundance relations, as well as BPT diagnostic diagrams. These relations involve sensitive strong emission lines, namely [OIII]5007, [NII]6584, H$α$, H$β$, [SII]6716, and [SII]6731, observed with the adaptive-optics-assisted mode of the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). The presence of a positive radial metallicity gradient only in the AGN ionized component suggests that metals may be transported from central areas to its purlieus by AGN activity.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)
SU(8) family unification with boson-fermion balance
Creators: name: Adler, Stephen L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate an $SU(8)$ family unification model motivated by requiring that the theory should incorporate the graviton, gravitinos, and the fermions and gauge fields of the standard model, with boson--fermion balance. Gauge field $SU(8)$ anomalies cancel between the gravitinos and spin $\frac {1}{2}$ fermions. The 56 of scalars breaks $SU(8)$ to $SU(3)_{family} \times SU(5)\times U(1)/Z_5$, with the fermion representation content needed for "flipped" $SU(5)$ with three families, and with residual scalars in the $10$ and $\overline{10}$ representations that break flipped $SU(5)$ to the standard model. Dynamical symmetry breaking can account for the generation of $5$ representation scalars needed to break the electroweak group. Yukawa couplings of the 56 scalars to the fermions are forbidden by chiral and gauge symmetries, so in the first stage of $SU(8)$ breaking fermions remain massless. In the limit of vanishing gauge coupling, there are $N=1$ and $N=8$ supersymmetries relating the scalars to the fermions, which restrict the form of scalar self-couplings and should improve the convergence of perturbation theory, if not making the theory finite and "calculable". In an Appendix we give an analysis of symmetry breaking by a Higgs component, such as the $(1,1)(-15)$ of the $SU(8)$ 56 under $SU(8) \supset SU(3) \times SU(5) \times U(1)$, which has nonzero $U(1)$ generator.
description: Latex, 20 pages. To appear in a World Scientific volume celebrating the 50th anniversary of the quark model, H. Fritzsch and M. Gell-Mann, eds., and also in International Journal of Modern Physics A, Vol. 29 (2014) 1450130 (18 pages)
Wireless network control of interacting Rydberg atoms
Creators: name: Sanders, Jaron
name: van Bijnen, Rick
name: Vredenbregt, Edgar
name: Kokkelmans, Servaas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We identify a relation between the dynamics of ultracold Rydberg gases in which atoms experience a strong dipole blockade and spontaneous emission, and a stochastic process that models certain wireless random-access networks. We then transfer insights and techniques initially developed for these wireless networks to the realm of Rydberg gases, and explain how the Rydberg gas can be driven into crystal formations using our understanding of wireless networks. Finally, we propose a method to determine Rabi frequencies (laser intensities) such that particles in the Rydberg gas are excited with specified target excitation probabilities, providing control over mixed-state populations.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures; includes corrections and improvements from the peer-review process
Quantum $f$-divergences via Nussbaum-Szkoła Distributions and Applications to $f$-divergence Inequalities
Creators: name: Androulakis, George
name: John, Tiju Cherian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81P17, 81P99

description: The main result in this article shows that the quantum $f$-divergence of two states is equal to the classical $f$-divergence of the corresponding Nussbaum-Szkoła distributions. This provides a general framework for studying certain properties of quantum entropic quantities using the corresponding classical entities. The usefulness of the main result is illustrated by obtaining several quantum $f$-divergence inequalities from their classical counterparts. All results presented here are valid in both finite and infinite dimensions and hence can be applied to continuous variable systems as well. A comprehensive review of the instances in the literature where Nussbaum-Szkoła distributions are used, is also provided in this article.
description: Text overlap with arXiv:2203.01964v2. That article is divided into two different articles. The present article is the first one in this series and contains two new sections including a review section. Accepted for publication at Rev. Math. Phys. 27 pages
Gravitational Self-Force Correction to the Innermost Stable Circular Equatorial Orbit of a Kerr Black Hole
Creators: name: Isoyama, Soichiro
name: Barack, Leor
name: Dolan, Sam R.
name: Tiec, Alexandre Le
name: Nakano, Hiroyuki
name: Shah, Abhay G.
name: Tanaka, Takahiro
name: Warburton, Niels
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a self-gravitating particle of mass μin orbit around a Kerr black hole of mass M >> μ, we compute the O(μ/M) shift in the frequency of the innermost stable circular equatorial orbit (ISCEO) due to the conservative piece of the gravitational self-force acting on the particle. Our treatment is based on a Hamiltonian formulation of the dynamics in terms of geodesic motion in a certain locally-defined effective smooth spacetime. We recover the same result using the so-called first law of binary black-hole mechanics. We give numerical results for the ISCEO frequency shift as a function of the black hole's spin amplitude, and compare with predictions based on the post-Newtonian approximation and the effective one-body model. Our results provide an accurate strong-field benchmark for spin effects in the general relativistic two-body problem.
description: 5 pages, 1 table, 1 figure, matches version published in PRL. Raw data of H_int/mu are available at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.161101
M2DS: Multilingual Dataset for Multi-document Summarisation
Creators: name: Hewapathirana, Kushan
name: de Silva, Nisansa
name: Athuraliya, C. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the rapidly evolving digital era, there is an increasing demand for concise information as individuals seek to distil key insights from various sources. Recent attention from researchers on Multi-document Summarisation (MDS) has resulted in diverse datasets covering customer reviews, academic papers, medical and legal documents, and news articles. However, the English-centric nature of these datasets has created a conspicuous void for multilingual datasets in today's globalised digital landscape, where linguistic diversity is celebrated. Media platforms such as British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) have disseminated news in 20+ languages for decades. With only 380 million people speaking English natively as their first language, accounting for less than 5% of the global population, the vast majority primarily relies on other languages. These facts underscore the need for inclusivity in MDS research, utilising resources from diverse languages. Recognising this gap, we present the Multilingual Dataset for Multi-document Summarisation (M2DS), which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first dataset of its kind. It includes document-summary pairs in five languages from BBC articles published during the 2010-2023 period. This paper introduces M2DS, emphasising its unique multilingual aspect, and includes baseline scores from state-of-the-art MDS models evaluated on our dataset.
Isospectrality for graph Laplacians under the change of coupling at graph vertices: necessary and sufficient conditions
Creators: name: Ershova, Yulia
name: Karpenko, Irina I.
name: Kiselev, Alexander V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Primary 47A10, Secondary 34A55, 81Q35

description: Laplace operators on finite compact metric graphs are considered under the assumption that matching conditions at graph vertices are of $δ$ and $δ'$ types. Assuming rational independence of edge lengths, necessary and sufficient conditions of isospectrality of two Laplacians defined on the same graph are derived and scrutinized. It is proved that the spectrum of a graph Laplacian uniquely determines matching conditions for "almost all" graphs.
description: The last paper of the series started by arXiv:1403.7618, arXiv:1404.0001, arXiv:1405.2997; this version is as accepted in Mathematika (UCL)
Fractional chaotic inflation in the lights of PLANCK and BICEP2
Creators: name: Gao, Xin
name: Li, Tianjun
name: Shukla, Pramod
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the lights of current BICEP2 observations accompanied with the PLANCK satellite results, it has been observed that the simple single field chaotic inflationary models provide a good agreement with their spectral index n_s and large tensor-to-scalar ratio r (0.15
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, references added, published in PLB
A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey. XI. Radio source catalog IV: $2^\circ < \ell < 28^\circ$, $36^\circ < \ell < 60^\circ$ and $|b| < 1^\circ$
Creators: name: Medina, S. -N. X.
name: Dzib, S. A.
name: Urquhart, J. S.
name: Yang, A. Y.
name: Brunthaler, A.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Wyrowski, F.
name: Cotton, W. D.
name: Cheema, A.
name: Dokara, R.
name: Gong, Y.
name: Khan, S.
name: Nguyen, H.
name: Ortiz-Leon, G. N.
name: Rugel, M. R.
name: Veena, V. S.
name: Beuther, H.
name: Csengeri, T.
name: Pandian, J. D.
name: Roy, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The GLOSTAR survey studies star formation with the VLA and the Effelsberg 100m telescope in the Galactic plane (-2d
description: 21 pages, 18 figures, 7 tables, accepted to be published in the Astronomy & Astrophysics journal. V2 Includes language editor corrections
Moluscos (clase Bivalvia) de los ecosistemas intermareales de San Felipe, Baja California, México /
Creators: name: Mejía Cruz, Rolando
Publisher: name: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California.
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Bivalvos Baja California San Felipe Identificación||Moluscos México Baja California San Felipe Identificación||Conchas Baja California San Felipe||Biología||Tesis
subject: QL430.6 M44 1998

description: El presente estudio es un inventario taxonómico asociado a datos ecológicos de los bivalvos (mollusca) intermareales residentes de San Felipe, Baja California y sus vecindades.
title: Interests, Attitudes and Beliefs concerning Science Education Topics amongst Kindergarten and Primary School Trainee Teachers
Creators: name: Pahl, Angelika
Publisher: name: Pixel
Year: 2018

description: Many studies, like the international ROSE-Study (Sjøberg & Schreiner, 2010), have investigated pupils’ interests and show that whereas female adolescents prefer biological subjects, male adolescents favour hard sciences like physics and chemistry. Similar results were also found in studies which investigated primary school teachers (Kleickmann, 2015). Kalcsics and colleagues (2016) explored the interests of a sample of students in a primary school teacher training programme of Switzerland, using qualitative methods. They found that trainee teachers are mainly interested in issues connected to their identity (their own body, self-concept, and personal rules). Furthermore, they like issues tied to the relationship between humans and nature as well as animals and plants, whereas they dislike religious, economical, chemical and physical topics. This investigation focuses on interests, attitudes and beliefs of kindergarten and primary school trainee teachers using a more quantitative method. It analyses the differences between groups and the relationships between variables. For the study, a sample of female first year students in the kindergarten and primary school teacher training programme at University of Teacher Education Bern was analysed. A questionnaire (Adamina & Müller, 2008) was used to survey how students rate different areas of science and social subjects (social/ethical, cultural/religious,  historical/political, geographical, economical, physical/technical, biological), which constitute the official subject “nature – human – society” in Switzerland’s primary schools. In the second part of the questionnaire, students had to rank the curricula contents of the subject “nature – human - society” according to the students’ individual preferences. In the third part, they had to rate different learning activities. Next to this questionnaire, the German version of AIST (Bergmann & Eder, 2005), which detects more general areas of interests in the sample, was applied. In addition, exploratory questions were asked to explain the reasons for their preferences and dislikes. First results show the tendency that biology and physics/technology are extreme positions on opposite ends of a large spectrum of interest in social and natural science areas. All other subject areas are positioned between. Relationships between learning activities and areas were found. Trainee teachers often justified their preferences for areas with their relevance in the lifeworld.
On equivariant fibrations of $G$-CW-complexes
Creators: name: Gevorgyan, Pavel S.
name: Jimenez, Rolando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55R91, 57S05

description: It is proved that if $G$ is a compact Lie group, then an equivariant Serre fibration of $G$-CW-complexes is an equivariant Hurewicz fibration in the class of compactly generated $G$-spaces. In the nonequivariant setting, this result is due to Steinberger, West and Cauty. The main theorem is proved using the following key result: a $G$-CW-complex can be embedded as an equivariant retract in a simplicial $G$-complex. It is also proved that an equivariant map $p: E \to B$ of $G$-CW-complexes is a Hurewicz $G$-fibration if and only if the $H$-fixed point map $p^H : E^H \to B^H$ is a Hurewicz fibration for any closed subgroup $H$ of $G$. This gives a solution to the problem of James and Segal in the case of $G$-CW-complexes.
MINDS. Hydrocarbons detected by JWST/MIRI in the inner disk of Sz28 consistent with a high C/O gas-phase chemistry
Creators: name: Kanwar, Jayatee
name: Kamp, Inga
name: Jang, Hyerin
name: Waters, L. B. F. M.
name: van Dishoeck, Ewine F.
name: Christiaens, Valentin
name: Arabhavi, Aditya M.
name: Henning, Thomas
name: Güdel, Manuel
name: Woitke, Peter
name: Absil, Olivier
name: Barrado, David
name: Garatti, Alessio Caratti o
name: Glauser, Adrian M.
name: Lahuis, Fred
name: Scheithauer, Silvia
name: Vandenbussche, Bart
name: Gasman, Danny
name: Grant, Sierra L.
name: Kurtovic, Nicolas T.
name: Perotti, Giulia
name: Tabone, Benoît
name: Temmink, Milou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the advent of JWST, we acquire unprecedented insights into the physical and chemical structure of the inner regions of planet-forming disks where terrestrial planet formation occurs. The very low-mass stars (VLMS) are known to have a high occurrence rate of the terrestrial planets around them. Exploring the chemical composition of the gas in these inner regions of the disks can aid a better understanding of the connection between planet-forming disks and planets. The MIRI mid-Infrared Disk Survey (MINDS) project is a large JWST Guaranteed Time program to characterize the chemistry and physical state of planet-forming and debris disks. We use the JWST-MIRI/MRS spectrum to investigate the gas and dust composition of the planet-forming disk around the very low-mass star Sz28 (M5.5, 0.12\,M$_{\odot}$). We use the dust-fitting tool (DuCK) to determine the dust continuum and to get constraints on the dust composition and grain sizes. We use 0D slab models to identify and fit the molecular spectral features, yielding estimates on the temperature, column density and the emitting area. To test our understanding of the chemistry in the disks around VLMS, we employ the thermo-chemical disk model {P{\tiny RO}D{\tiny I}M{\tiny O}} and investigate the reservoirs of the detected hydrocarbons. We explore how the C/O ratio affects the inner disk chemistry. JWST reveals a plethora of hydrocarbons, including \ce{CH3}, \ce{CH4}, \ce{C2H2}, \ce{^{13}CCH2}, \ce{C2H6}, \ce{C3H4}, \ce{C4H2} and \ce{C6H6} suggesting a disk with a gaseous C/O\,>\,1. Additionally, we detect \ce{CO2}, \ce{^{13}CO2}, \ce{HCN}, and \ce{HC3N}. \ce{H2O} and OH are absent in the spectrum. We do not detect PAHs. Photospheric stellar absorption lines of \ce{H2O} and \ce{CO} are identified. Notably, our radiation thermo-chemical disk models are able to produce these detected hydrocarbons in the surface layers of the disk when the ...
description: accepted for publication in A&A
The Adaptation of Buddhist art Motifs as Architectural Ornaments in Contemporary Buildings: the Case Study of Five-Star Hotel Lobbies in Chiang Mai
Creators: name: Rani, Muhammad Faizal Abdul
Publisher: name: Silpakorn University Research and Development Institute
Year: 2018
Subjects: Adaptation
Buddhist art motifs
space decorations
architectural ornament

description: Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Studies, 18, 3, 557-586
A Study of China's Censorship and Its Evasion Through the Lens of Online Gaming
Creators: name: Feng, Yuzhou
name: Zhai, Ruyu
name: Sion, Radu
name: Carbunar, Bogdan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For the past 20 years, China has increasingly restricted the access of minors to online games using addiction prevention systems (APSes). At the same time, and through different means, i.e., the Great Firewall of China (GFW), it also restricts general population access to the international Internet. This paper studies how these restrictions impact young online gamers, and their evasion efforts. We present results from surveys (n = 2,415) and semi-structured interviews (n = 35) revealing viable commonly deployed APS evasion techniques and APS vulnerabilities. We conclude that the APS does not work as designed, even against very young online game players, and can act as a censorship evasion training ground for tomorrow's adults, by familiarization with and normalization of general evasion techniques, and desensitization to their dangers. Findings from these studies may further inform developers of censorship-resistant systems about the perceptions and evasion strategies of their prospective users, and help design tools that leverage services and platforms popular among the censored audience.
Reactive graphs in action (extended version)
Creators: name: Tinoco, David
name: Madeira, Alexandre
name: Martins, Manuel A.
name: Proença, José
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reactive graphs are transition structures whereas edges become active and inactive during its evolution, that were introduced by Dov Gabbay from a mathematical's perspective. This paper presents Marge (https://fm-dcc.github.io/MARGe), a web-based tool to visualise and analyse reactive graphs enriched with labels. Marge animates the operational semantics of reactive graphs and offers different graphical views to provide insights over concrete systems. We motivate the applicability of reactive graphs for adaptive systems and for featured transition systems, using Marge to tighten the gap between the existing theoretical models and their usage to analyse concrete systems.
description: Companion paper of an article accepted at FACS 2024 with a similar name
Lensed Type Ia Supernovae as Probes of Cluster Mass Models
Creators: name: Nordin, J.
name: Rubin, D.
name: Richard, J.
name: Rykoff, E.
name: Aldering, G.
name: Amanullah, R.
name: Atek, H.
name: Barbary, K.
name: Deustua, S.
name: Fakhouri, H. K.
name: Fruchter, A. S.
name: Goobar, A.
name: Hook, I.
name: Hsiao, E. Y.
name: Huang, X.
name: Kneib, J. -P.
name: Lidman, C.
name: Meyers, J.
name: Perlmutter, S.
name: Saunders, C.
name: Spadafora, A. L.
name: Suzuki, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using three magnified Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) detected behind CLASH clusters, we perform a first pilot study to see whether standardizable candles can be used to calibrate cluster mass maps created from strong lensing observations. Such calibrations will be crucial when next generation HST cluster surveys (e.g. FRONTIER) provide magnification maps that will, in turn, form the basis for the exploration of the high redshift Universe. We classify SNe using combined photometric and spectroscopic observations, finding two of the three to be clearly of type SN Ia and the third probable. The SNe exhibit significant amplification, up to a factor of 1.7 at $\sim5σ$ significance (SN-L2). We conducted this as a blind study to avoid fine tuning of parameters, finding a mean amplification difference between SNe and the cluster lensing models of $0.09 \pm 0.09^{stat} \pm 0.05^{sys}$ mag. This impressive agreement suggests no tension between cluster mass models and high redshift standardized SNe Ia. However, the measured statistical dispersion of $σ_μ=0.21$ mag appeared large compared to the dispersion expected based on statistical uncertainties ($0.14$). Further work with the supernova and cluster lensing models, post unblinding, reduced the measured dispersion to $σ_μ=0.12$. An explicit choice should thus be made as to whether SNe are used unblinded to improve the model, or blinded to test the model. As the lensed SN samples grow larger, this technique will allow improved constraints on assumptions regarding e.g. the structure of the dark matter halo.
description: Minor updates to match MNRAS published version. 15 pages, 7 figures. For additional info, see http://www.supernova.lbl.gov
Comparison of Traditional Intricate Paper Cutting Techniques of Southern Thailand: Traditional and Modern Style
Creators: name: Pannee Virunanont
Publisher: name: Silpakorn University Research and Development Institute
Year: 2018
Subjects: Intricate paper cutting techniques
traditional craftsmanship
intangible cultural heritage
traditional style
modern style

description: Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Studies, 18, 3, 617-637
El paradigma del marketing digital en la academia, el emprendimiento universitario y las empresas establecidas
Creators: name: del Toro, Guillermo Jose Navarro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The updating required by students in the marketing area is of utmost importance, since they cannot wait until they are professionals to be updated, especially in entrepreneurship and around digital marketing. The objective of this work was to develop a digital marketing specialty module that allows changing the academic-entrepreneurial-entrepreneurial paradigm of the graduate of the Centro Universitario de los Altos (CUAltos) in economic-administrative sciences at the undergraduate, graduate and specialty levels. The module aims to instruct the student in the latest in digital marketing. As part of this, two surveys were applied to the teachers of this center to know the viability and willingness to participate in this module. Among the results, it was discovered that marketing research specialists who work as teachers at CUAltos are willing to train other teachers and students of the University of Guadalajara's system, as well as to advise students in their ventures so that they can apply different components of this field.
description: 24 paginas, in Spanish language
Can a variable gravitational constant resolve the Faint Young Sun Paradox ?
Creators: name: Sahni, Varun
name: Shtanov, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar models suggest that four billion years ago the young Sun was about 25% fainter than it is today, rendering Earth's oceans frozen and lifeless. However, there is ample geophysical evidence that Earth had a liquid ocean teeming with life 4 Gyr ago. Since ${\cal L_\odot} \propto G^7M_\odot^5$, the Sun's luminosity ${\cal L_\odot}$ is exceedingly sensitive to small changes in the gravitational constant $G$. We show that a percent-level increase in $G$ in the past would have prevented Earth's oceans from freezing, resolving the faint young Sun paradox. Such small changes in $G$ are consistent with observational bounds on ${ΔG}/G$. Since ${\cal L}_{\rm SNIa} \propto G^{-3/2}$, an increase in $G$ leads to fainter supernovae, creating tension between standard candle and standard ruler probes of dark energy. Precisely such a tension has recently been reported by the Planck team.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure. Typo's corrected, acknowledgement added. Main results unchanged. Matches published version in IJMPD
Module M.3 Visualizing data with ggplot2
Creators: name: Hernández-Pacheco, Raisa
name: Bland, Alexandra
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2023

description: Introduction to Primate Data Exploration and Linear Modeling with R was created with the goal of providing training to undergraduate biology students on data management and statistical analysis using authentic data of Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques. Module M.3 introduces basic functions from R package ggplot2 with the purpose of exploring data and generating publication-quality figures.
Later maturation of the beneficial than the detrimental effect of selective memory retrieval
Creators: name: Aslan, Alp
name: Bäuml, Karl-Heinz
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 150 Psychologie

description: In adults, selective memory retrieval can both impair and improve recall of other memories (K.-H. T. Bäuml & A. Samenieh, 2010). This study examined whether children also show these two faces of memory retrieval. Employing a variant of the directed-forgetting task, second, fourth, and seventh graders studied a list of target and nontarget items, and, after study, received a cue to either forget or continue remembering the list. Memory for the target items was tested either with or without preceding retrieval of the list’s nontarget items. Preceding nontarget retrieval impaired retrieval of to-be-remembered targets, regardless of children’s age. In contrast, preceding nontarget retrieval improved retrieval of to-be-forgotten target items in seventh graders, but not in fourth and second graders. These results suggest a developmental dissociation between the two faces of memory retrieval, indicating later maturation of the beneficial than the detrimental effect of selective memory retrieval.
Transitivity Analysis of Rhetorical Moves in Dental Research Article Abstracts: Thai and International Journals
Creators: name: Kriangkrai Vathanalaoha
name: Supong Tangkiengsirisin
Publisher: name: Silpakorn University Research and Development Institute
Year: 2018
Subjects: Academic writing
English for academic purposes
genreanalysis
dental research article abstract
transitivity

description: Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Studies, 18, 3, 639-662
Integrable cosmological models with non-minimally coupled scalar fields
Creators: name: Kamenshchik, A. Yu.
name: Pozdeeva, E. O.
name: Tronconi, A.
name: Venturi, G.
name: Vernov, S. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain general solutions for some flat Friedmann universes filled with a scalar field in induced gravity models and models including the Hilbert-Einstein curvature term plus a scalar field conformally coupled to gravity. As is well known, these models are connected to minimally coupled models through the combination of a conformal transformation and a transformation of the scalar field. The explicit forms of the self-interaction potentials for six exactly solvable models are presented here. We obtain the general solution for one of the integrable models, namely, the induced gravity model with a power-law potential for the self-interaction of the scalar field. We argue that although being mathematically in a one-to-one correspondence with the solutions in the minimally coupled models, the solutions in the corresponding non-minimally coupled models are physically different. This is because the cosmological evolutions seen by an internal observer connected with the cosmic time can be quite different. The study of a few induced gravity models with particular potentials gives us an explicit example of such a difference.
description: 20 pages, v3: references added, accepted for publication in CQG
Perturbative gravity at null infinity
Creators: name: Adamo, Tim
name: Casali, Eduardo
name: Skinner, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a theory that lives on the null conformal boundary of asymptotically flat space-time, and whose states encode the radiative modes of (super)gravity. We study the induced action of the BMS group, verifying that the Ward identity for certain BMS supertranslations is equivalent to Weinberg's soft graviton theorem in the bulk. The subleading behaviour of soft gravitons may also be obtained from a Ward identity for certain superrotation generators in the extended BMS algebra proposed by Barnich & Troessaert. We show that the theory computes the complete classical gravitational S-matrix, perturbatively around the Minkowski vacuum.
description: 14 pages, no figures. v2: typos corrected, references added
Feynman graph generation and calculations in the Hopf algebra of Feynman graphs
Creators: name: Borinsky, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T15

description: Two programs for the computation of perturbative expansions of quantum field theory amplitudes are provided. feyngen can be used to generate Feynman graphs for Yang-Mills, QED and $φ^k$ theories. Using dedicated graph theoretic tools feyngen can generate graphs of comparatively high loop orders. feyncop implements the Hopf algebra of those Feynman graphs which incorporates the renormalization procedure necessary to calculate finite results in perturbation theory of the underlying quantum field theory. feyngen is validated by comparison to explicit calculations of zero dimensional quantum field theories and feyncop is validated using a combinatorial identity on the Hopf algebra of graphs.
description: 16 pages
Constraints on the Path-Length Dependence of Jet Quenching in Nuclear Collisions at RHIC and LHC
Creators: name: Betz, Barbara
name: Gyulassy, Miklos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent data on the high-pT pion nuclear modification factor, $R_{AA}(p_T)$, and its elliptic azimuthal asymmetry, $v_2(p_T)$, from RHIC/BNL and LHC/CERN are analyzed in terms of a wide class of jet-energy loss models coupled to different (2+1)d transverse plus Bjorken expanding hydrodynamic fields. We test the consistency of each model by demanding a simultaneous account of the azimuthal, the transverse momentum, and the centrality dependence of the data at both 0.2 and 2.76 ATeV energies. We find a rather broad class of jet-energy independent energy-loss models $dE/dx= κ(T) x^z T^{2+z} ζ_q$ that, when coupled to bulk constrained temperature fields T(x,t), can account for the current data at the $χ^2<2$ level with different temperature-dependent jet-medium couplings and path-length dependence exponents $0\le z \le 2$. We test the sensitivity of predictions to different skewed energy-loss fluctuations via a convenient scaling factor distributed in a finite range $0< ζ_q < 2+q$ with unit mean. While a previously proposed AdS/CFT jet-energy loss model with a temperature-independent jet-medium coupling as well as a near-$T_c$ dominated, pQCD-inspired energy-loss scenario are shown to be inconsistent with the LHC data, once the parameters are constrained by fitting to RHIC results, we find several new solutions with a temperature-dependent jet-medium coupling. We conclude that the current level of statistical and systematic uncertainties of the measured data does not allow a constraint on the path-length exponent z to a range narrower than [0-2].
description: 23 pages, 13 figues, 3 tables; figures 4 and 9 corrected, main conclusions remain unchanged
Theory of filtered type-II PDC in the continuous-variable domain: Quantifying the impacts of filtering
Creators: name: Christ, Andreas
name: Lupo, Cosmo
name: Reichelt, Matthias
name: Meier, Torsten
name: Silberhorn, Christine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Parametric down-conversion (PDC) forms one of the basic building blocks for quantum optical experiments. However, the intrinsic multimode spectral-temporal structure of pulsed PDC often poses a severe hindrance for the direct implementation of the heralding of pure single-photon states or, for example, continuous-variable entanglement distillation experiments. To get rid of multimode effects narrowband frequency filtering is frequently applied to achieve a single-mode behavior. A rigorous theoretical description to accurately describe the effects of filtering on PDC, however, is still missing. To date, the theoretical models of filtered PDC are rooted in the discrete-variable domain and only account for filtering in the low gain regime, where only a few photon pairs are emitted at any single point in time. In this paper we extend these theoretical descriptions and put forward a simple model, which is able to accurately describe the effects of filtering on PDC in the continuous-variable domain. This developed straightforward theoretical framework enables us to accurately quantify the trade-off between suppression of higher-order modes, reduced purity and lowered Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement, when narrowband filters are applied to multimode type-II PDC.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures
Ultra-steep slope cryogenic FETs based on bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Icking, E.
name: Emmerich, D.
name: Watanabe, K.
name: Taniguchi, T.
name: Beschoten, B.
name: Lemme, M. C.
name: Knoch, J.
name: Stampfer, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cryogenic field-effect transistors (FETs) offer great potential for a wide range of applications, the most notable example being classical control electronics for quantum information processors. In the latter context, on-chip FETs with low power consumption are a crucial requirement. This, in turn, requires operating voltages in the millivolt range, which are only achievable in devices with ultra-steep subthreshold slopes. However, in conventional cryogenic metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS)FETs based on bulk material, the experimentally achieved inverse subthreshold slopes saturate around a few mV/dec due to disorder and charged defects at the MOS interface. FETs based on two-dimensional materials offer a promising alternative. Here, we show that FETs based on Bernal stacked bilayer graphene encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride and graphite gates exhibit inverse subthreshold slopes of down to 250 $μ$V/dec at 0.1 K, approaching the Boltzmann limit. This result indicates an effective suppression of band tailing in van-der-Waals heterostructures without bulk interfaces, leading to superior device performance at cryogenic temperature.
description: 22 pages, 18 figures
Deep Learning-based Unsupervised Domain Adaptation via a Unified Model for Prostate Lesion Detection Using Multisite Bi-parametric MRI Datasets
Creators: name: Li, Hao
name: Liu, Han
name: von Busch, Heinrich
name: Grimm, Robert
name: Huisman, Henkjan
name: Tong, Angela
name: Winkel, David
name: Penzkofer, Tobias
name: Shabunin, Ivan
name: Choi, Moon Hyung
name: Yang, Qingsong
name: Szolar, Dieter
name: Shea, Steven
name: Coakley, Fergus
name: Harisinghani, Mukesh
name: Oguz, Ipek
name: Comaniciu, Dorin
name: Kamen, Ali
name: Lou, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Our hypothesis is that UDA using diffusion-weighted images, generated with a unified model, offers a promising and reliable strategy for enhancing the performance of supervised learning models in multi-site prostate lesion detection, especially when various b-values are present. This retrospective study included data from 5,150 patients (14,191 samples) collected across nine different imaging centers. A novel UDA method using a unified generative model was developed for multi-site PCa detection. This method translates diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) acquisitions, including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and individual DW images acquired using various b-values, to align with the style of images acquired using b-values recommended by Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) guidelines. The generated ADC and DW images replace the original images for PCa detection. An independent set of 1,692 test cases (2,393 samples) was used for evaluation. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used as the primary metric, and statistical analysis was performed via bootstrapping. For all test cases, the AUC values for baseline SL and UDA methods were 0.73 and 0.79 (p<.001), respectively, for PI-RADS>=3, and 0.77 and 0.80 (p<.001) for PI-RADS>=4 PCa lesions. In the 361 test cases under the most unfavorable image acquisition setting, the AUC values for baseline SL and UDA were 0.49 and 0.76 (p<.001) for PI-RADS>=3, and 0.50 and 0.77 (p<.001) for PI-RADS>=4 PCa lesions. The results indicate the proposed UDA with generated images improved the performance of SL methods in multi-site PCa lesion detection across datasets with various b values, especially for images acquired with significant deviations from the PI-RADS recommended DWI protocol (e.g. with an extremely high b-value).
description: Accept at Radiology: Artificial Intelligence. Journal reference and external DOI will be added once published
Methods for robust training and evaluation of deep neural networks
Creators: name: Rice, Leslie
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As machine learning systems are deployed in real-world, safety-critical applications, it becomes increasingly important to ensure these systems are robust and trustworthy. The study of machine learning robustness gained a significant amount of interest upon discovering the brittle nature of deep neural networks. Intrigue and concerns about this behavior have resulted in a significant body of work on adversarial robustness, which studies a model’s performance on worst-case perturbed inputs, known as adversarial examples. In the first chapter of this thesis, we present improvements on adversarial training methods for developing empirically robust deep networks. First, we show that with certain modifications, adversarial training using the fast gradient sign method can result in models that are significantly more robust than previously thought possible, while retaining a much lower training cost compared to alternative adversarial training methods. We then discuss our findings on the harmful effects of overfitting that occur during adversarial training, and show that by using validation-based early stopping, the robust test performance of an adversarially trained model can be drastically improved. An increasing interest in more natural, non-adversarial settings of robustness has led researchers to alternatively measure robustness in terms of a model’s average performance on randomly sampled input corruptions, a notion which also underlies standard data augmentation strategies. In the second chapter of this thesis, we generalize the seemingly separate notions of average and worst-case robustness under a unifying framework that allows us to evaluate models on a wide spectrum of robustness levels. For practical use, we introduce a path sampling-based method for accurately approximating this intermediate robustness objective. We use this metric to analyze and compare deep networks in zero-shot and fine-tuned settings to better understand the effects of large-scale pre-training and fine-tuning on robustness. We show that we can also train models to intermediate levels of robustness using this objective, and further explore alternative, more efficient methods for training that bridge the gap between average and worst-case robustness.