cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Distributionally Adversarial Learning
Creators: name: Shi, Zhan
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Adversarial machines, where a learner competes against an adversary, have regained much recent interest in machine learning. This presentation will start with distributionally robust optimization (DRO), introducing our work on adversarial prediction. The adversarial multivariate prediction is often computationally intractable due to the exponential number of variables. We first reduce those exponentially-sized problems to polynomially-sized convex-concave saddle point problems. Then we develop a new stochastic variance-reduced algorithm to efficiently solve them, which allows any Bregman divergence as a proximal function and achieves linear convergence rates. Based on the theory of DRO with Wasserstein distance, we also reveal that Adversarial Training can be upper bounded by Lipschitz-regularized empirical risk minimization. However, tightly enforcing the Lipschitz constant of neural networks is known to be difficult. Interestingly, by focusing on kernel machines, we manage to show that the Lipschitz constant of functions in the reproducing kernel Hilbert space induced by product kernels can be tightly enforced in polynomial time. Lastly, we investigate the certification of robustness in the context of graph convolutional networks (GCNs). Specifically, we develop efficient topological attack algorithms for GCN in the application of graph classification. Then we propose the first algorithm for certifying the robustness of GCNs to topological attacks. Our method is based on Lagrange dualization and convex envelope, which result in tight approximation bounds that are efficiently computable by dynamic programming. When used in conjunction with robust training, it allows an increased number of graphs to be certified as robust.
Real space thermalization of locally driven quantum magnets
Creators: name: Melendrez, Ronald
name: Mukherjee, Bhaskar
name: Sharma, Prakash
name: Pal, Arijeet
name: Changlani, Hitesh J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of thermalization and its breakdown in isolated systems has led to a deeper understanding of non-equilibrium quantum states and their dependence on initial conditions. The role of initial conditions is prominently highlighted by the existence of quantum many-body scars, special athermal states with an underlying effective superspin structure, embedded in an otherwise chaotic many-body spectrum. Spin Heisenberg and $XXZ$ models and their variants in one and higher dimension have been shown to host exact quantum many-body scars, exhibiting perfect revivals of spin helix states that are realizable in synthetic and condensed matter systems. Motivated by these advances, we propose experimentally accessible, local, time-dependent protocols to explore the spatial thermalization profile and highlight how different parts of the system thermalize and affect the fate of the superspin. We identify distinct parametric regimes for the ferromagnetic ($X$-polarized) initial state based on the interplay between the driven spin and the rest, including local athermal behavior where the driven spin effectively decouples, acting like a ``cold" spot while being instrumental in heating up the other spins. We also identify parameter regimes where the superspin remains resilient to local driving for long time scales. We develop a real and Floquet space picture that explains our numerical observations, and make predictions that can be tested in various experimental setups.
description: v2 closely matches version published in Phys. Rev. B. Expanded to discuss prethermal plateaus and size effects. Supplemental Material converted to Appendices
Consumer Behavior research paper. Pink for girls, blue for boys: Gender differentiation of children's goods
Creators: name: Khayrullaeva, Surayyo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 350601
subject: Consumer behaviour
classificationCode: 350608
subject: Marketing theory

description: The color-coding of pink for girls and blue for boys has been a long-standing and widely accepted societal norm when it comes to children's goods. From clothing to toys, this color differentiation has become deeply ingrained in the way we perceive and market products for children. This phenomenon has cultural, historical, and psychological roots that have shaped our understanding of gender roles and expectations from an early age. However, as societal norms evolve and discussions around gender equality gain prominence, it is essential to critically examine the implications and effects of such color-coded distinctions on children's development, identity formation, and the reinforcement of traditional gender stereotypes.
In essence, the extended background underscores the need for a critical examination of the color-coding of children's goods. It highlights the historical context, media influences, and global dimensions that contribute to the complex web of factors shaping children's experiences with color and gender. Through a thorough exploration of these elements, this research aims to contribute to a more informed and nuanced discussion about the societal impact of color-coded distinctions in products designed for the youngest members of our communities.
Hairer's multilevel Schauder estimates without Regularity Structures
Creators: name: Broux, Lucas
name: Caravenna, Francesco
name: Zambotti, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46F10 (Primary), 60L30 (Secondary)

description: We investigate the regularising properties of singular kernels at the level of germs, i.e. families of distributions indexed by points in $\mathbb{R}^d$. First we construct a suitable integration map which acts on general coherent germs. Then we focus on germs that can be decomposed along a basis (corresponding to the so-called modelled distributions in Regularity Structures) and we prove a version of Hairer's multilevel Schauder estimates in this setting, with minimal assumptions.
description: 60 pages, published version
Dromion solutions of noncommutative Davey-Stewartson equations
Creators: name: Gilson, Claire R.
name: Macfarlane, Susan R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a noncommutative version of the Davey-Stewartson equations and derive two families of quasideterminant solution via Darboux and binary Darboux transformations. These solutions can be verified by direct substitution. We then calculate the dromion solutions of the equations and obtain computer plots in a noncommutative setting.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures
Automation and AI Technology in Surface Mining With a Brief Introduction to Open-Pit Operations in the Pilbara
Creators: name: Leung, Raymond
name: Hill, Andrew J
name: Melkumyan, Arman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: General Literature (cs.GL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This survey article provides a synopsis on some of the engineering problems, technological innovations, robotic development and automation efforts encountered in the mining industry -- particularly in the Pilbara iron-ore region of Western Australia. The goal is to paint the technology landscape and highlight issues relevant to an engineering audience to raise awareness of AI and automation trends in mining. It assumes the reader has no prior knowledge of mining and builds context gradually through focused discussion and short summaries of common open-pit mining operations. The principal activities that take place may be categorized in terms of resource development, mine-, rail- and port operations. From mineral exploration to ore shipment, there are roughly nine steps in between. These include: geological assessment, mine planning and development, production drilling and assaying, blasting and excavation, transportation of ore and waste, crush and screen, stockpile and load-out, rail network distribution, and ore-car dumping. The objective is to describe these processes and provide insights on some of the challenges/opportunities from the perspective of a decade-long industry-university R&D partnership.
description: Accepted manuscript. Paper provides insights on state-of-the-art technologies and future trends. Keywords: Mining automation, robotics, intelligent systems, machine learning, remote sensing, geostatistics, planning, scheduling, optimization, modelling, geology, complex systems. Document: 21 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. 2024 Update: Added ICRA conference poster + slides as ancilliary files
Four-loop splitting functions in QCD – the gluon-gluon case –
Creators: name: Falcioni, Giulio
name: Herzog, Franz
name: Moch, Sven-Olaf
name: Pelloni, Andrea
name: Vogt, Andreas
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 530

description: We have computed the even-N moments N≤20 of the gluon-gluon splitting function Pgg at the fourth order of perturbative QCD via the renormalization of off-shell operator matrix elements. Our results, derived analytically for a general compact simple gauge group, agree with all results obtained for this function so far, in particular with the lowest five moments obtained via structure functions in deep-inelastic scattering. Using our new moments and all available endpoint constraints, we construct improved approximations for the four-loop Pgg(x) that should be sufficient for a wide range of collider-physics applications. The N3LO contributions to the scale derivative of the gluon distribution, resulting from these and the corresponding quark-to-gluon splitting functions, amount to 1% or less at Image 1 at a standard reference scale with αs=0.2.
Thermodynamic limit of the free electron gas on a circle
Creators: name: Fantoni, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that for the ground state of a one dimensional free electron gas on a circle the analytic expression for the canonical ensemble partition function can be easily derived from the density matrix by assuming that the thermodynamic limit coincides with the limit of the eigenfunction expansion of the kinetic energy. This approximation fails to give the finite temperature partition function because those two limits cannot be chosen as coincident.
description: 3 pages
title: Transient forward harmonic adjoint sensitivity analysis
Creators: name: Sarpe, Julian
name: Klaedtke, Andreas
name: De Gersem, Herbert
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2025

description: This paper presents a transient forward harmonic adjoint sensitivity analysis (TFHA), which is a combination of a transient forward circuit analysis with a harmonic balance-based adjoint sensitivity analysis. TFHA provides sensitivities of quantities of interest from time-periodic problems with many design parameters, as used in the design process of power-electronics devices. The TFHA shows advantages in applications where the harmonic balance-based adjoint sensitivity analysis or finite difference approaches for sensitivity analysis perform poorly. In contrast to existing methods, the TFHA can be used in combination with arbitrary forward solvers, i.e., general transient solvers.
title: English-medium education in Turkey a myth or an achievable goal? An evaluation of content-based second language instruction at the Middle East Technical University
Creators: name: Akunal, Zuhal
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: This study is aimed at examining and discussing evidence for and against the effectiveness of content-based second language instruction at university level in Turkey. It deals with the following central questions: Is the integration of content and anguage teaching the best way to develop students' English language proficiency? Is it really working in Turkey? How does English-medium education affect students' content learning? The first three chapters of this study set out the problematics of the content-based second language instruction (CBSLI) with reference to Turkey. Chapter one is concerned with the theoretical underpinning of CBSLI. The focus of attention in Chapter two is on French immersion programmes in Canada because of their significant contribution to the spread of immersion programmes to various other countries. Studies of immersion programmes in the Philippines and Tanzania are also taken into consideration in so far as they help assess the transferability of Canadian experiments to other countries in very different socio-cultural and economic circumstances. Chapter three discusses the implementation of CBSLI in the specific context of Turkey. Special attention is paid to the choice of the language of instruction. Arguments for English-medium education and Turkish-medium education are examined. The last three chapters are concerned with factual evidence relating to the efficiency of CBSLI in Turkey. Chapter four presents the research design and methodology, working hypotheses and rationale for the study. Chapter five analyses the data obtained from students and teachers' questionnaires under the following three headings: 1)English language and study skill, 2) Academic performance 3) Attitudinal considerations. Chapter six focuses on CBSLI classroom interaction in METU and assesses the extent to which CBSLI principles are being implemented in real classroom situations: whether CBSLI classrooms provide opportunities for the kind of input, interaction and output in the second language which have been deemed essential to promote second language acquisition. The overall conclusion of the present study is that content-based second language instruction lacks theoretical and empirical support in the context of Turkey. Our findings show that the integration of content and language teaching under existing conditions does not provide the most favourable environment either for second language learning or content learning. There seems to be a case for the use of Turkish as the medium of instruction and for intensive tuition in English as a second language.
GAMA: towards a physical understanding of galaxy formation
Creators: name: Driver, Simon P.
name: Norberg, Peder
name: Baldry, Ivan K.
name: Bamford, Steven P.
name: Hopkins, Andrew M.
name: Liske, Jochen
name: Loveday, Jon
name: Peacock, John A.
name: Hill, David T.
name: Kelvin, Lee S.
name: Robotham, Aaron S. G.
name: Cross, Nick J.
name: Parkinson, Hannah R.
name: Prescott, Matt
name: Conselice, Chris J.
name: Dunne, Loretta
name: Brough, Sarah
name: Jones, Heath
name: Sharp, Rob G.
name: van Kampen, Eelco
name: Oliver, Seb
name: Roseboom, Isaac G.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
name: Croom, Scott M.
name: Ellis, Simon
name: Cameron, Ewan
name: Cole, Shaun
name: Frenk, Carlos S.
name: Couch, Warrick J.
name: Graham, Alister W.
name: Proctor, Rob
name: De Propris, Roberto
name: Doyle, Issi F.
name: Edmondson, Ed M.
name: Thomas, Robert C. Nichol. Daniel
name: Eales, Steve A.
name: Jarvis, Matt J.
name: Kuijken, Konrad
name: Lahav, Ofer
name: Madore, Barry F.
name: Seibert, Mark
name: Meyer, Martin J.
name: Staveley-Smith, Lister
name: Phillipps, Steven
name: Popescu, Cristina C.
name: Sansom, Ann E.
name: Sutherland, Will J.
name: Tuffs, Richard J.
name: Warren, Steven J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) project is the latest in a tradition of large galaxy redshift surveys, and is now underway on the 3.9m Anglo-Australian Telescope at Siding Spring Observatory. GAMA is designed to map extragalactic structures on scales of 1kpc - 1Mpc in complete detail to a redshift of z~0.2, and to trace the distribution of luminous galaxies out to z~0.5. The principal science aim is to test the standard hierarchical structure formation paradigm of Cold Dark Matter (CDM) on scales of galaxy groups, pairs, discs, bulges and bars. We will measure (1) the Dark Matter Halo Mass Function (as inferred from galaxy group velocity dispersions); (2) baryonic processes, such as star formation and galaxy formation efficiency (as derived from Galaxy Stellar Mass Functions); and (3) the evolution of galaxy merger rates (via galaxy close pairs and galaxy asymmetries). Additionally, GAMA will form the central part of a new galaxy database, which aims to contain 275,000 galaxies with multi-wavelength coverage from coordinated observations with the latest international ground- and space-based facilities: GALEX, VST, VISTA, WISE, HERSCHEL, GMRT and ASKAP. Together, these data will provide increased depth (over 2 magnitudes), doubled spatial resolution (0.7"), and significantly extended wavelength coverage (UV through Far-IR to radio) over the main SDSS spectroscopic survey for five regions, each of around 50 deg^2. This database will permit detailed investigations of the structural, chemical, and dynamical properties of all galaxy types, across all environments, and over a 5 billion year timeline.
description: GAMA overview which appeared in the October 2009 issue of Astronomy & Geophysics, ref: Astron.Geophys. 50 (2009) 5.12
Direct Calculation of the Turbulent Dissipation Efficiency in Anelastic Convection
Creators: name: Penev, Kaloyan
name: Barranco, Joseph
name: Sasselov, Dimitar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current understanding of the turbulent dissipation in stellar convective zones is based on the assumption that the turbulence follows Kolmogorov scaling. This assumption is valid for some cases in which the time frequency of the external shear is high (e.g., solar p modes). However, for many cases of astrophysical interest (e.g., binary orbits, stellar pulsations, etc.), the timescales of interest lie outside the regime of applicability of Kolmogorov scaling. We present direct calculations of the dissipation efficiency of the turbulent convective flow in this regime, using simulations of anelastic convection with external forcing. We show that the effects of the turbulent flow are well represented by an effective viscosity coefficient, we provide the values of the effective viscosity as a function of the perturbation frequency and compare our results to the perturbative method for finding the effective viscosity of Penev et al. that can be applied to actual simulations of the surface convective zones of stars.
description: 37 pages, 13 figures
Role of cAMP-PDE4b-CREB Signaling in Controlling the Function of Alveolar Macrophages
Creators: name: Rochford, Ian P
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Increased lung vascular permeability and neutrophilic inflammation are hallmarks of acute lung injury. Recent studies indicate that AMϕ, the predominant immune cell type in the airspace, die off while fending off pathogens and are replaced by recruited monocytes. These new AMϕ facilitate the resolution of injury, but the mechanisms regulating this reparative phenotype have not yet been defined. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is an immunosuppressive second messenger in many cell types. Here, we subjected mice expressing GFP under the control of the Lysozyme-M promoter (LysM-GFP mice) to the LPS model of rapidly resolving lung injury to address investigate changes in cAMP signaling in the initiation and mobilization of reparative AMϕ. RNA-seq analysis of flow-sorted Mϕ identified PDE4b as the top LPS-responsive cAMP-regulating gene. We observed that the cAMP negative regulator PDE4b expression sharply increased at the time of peak lung injury (4 h) and then decreased to below the basal level during the resolution phase (24 h). Activation of transcription factor NFATc2 was required for transcription of PDE4b in Mϕ. Inhibition of PDE4 activity after injury induction using i.t. rolipram increased cAMP levels, augmented the reparative AMϕ pool, and accelerated injury resolution. This response was not seen following conditional depletion of monocytes, thus establishing airspace-recruited monocytes as the source of reparative AMϕ following enhanced PDE4 inhibition. Interestingly, adoptive transfer of rolipram-educated AMϕ into injured mice resolved lung edema. The transcription factor CREB was shown to be required for rolipram-induced injury resolution and maintenance of basal lung fluid homeostasis. We propose that enhanced CREB signaling through suppression of PDE4b is an effective approach to promote reparative AMϕ generation from monocytes for lung repair.
Additional file 5 of Shengjiang San alleviated sepsis-induced lung injury through its bidirectional regulatory effect
Creators: name: Yan, Shifan
name: Jiang, Yu
name: Yu, Ting
name: Hou, Changmiao
name: Xiao, Wen
name: Xu, Jing
name: Wen, Huili
name: Wang, Jingjing
name: Li, Shutong
name: Chen, Fang
name: Li, Shentang
name: Liu, Xiehong
name: Tan, Hao
name: Zou, Lianhong
name: Liu, Yanjuan
name: Zhu, Yimin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 5: Table S2.The specific RT primers were listed as below.
Systemic Risk in a Unifying Framework for Cascading Processes on Networks
Creators: name: Lorenz, Jan
name: Battiston, Stefano
name: Schweitzer, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a general framework for models of cascade and contagion processes on networks, to identify their commonalities and differences. In particular, models of social and financial cascades, as well as the fiber bundle model, the voter model, and models of epidemic spreading are recovered as special cases. To unify their description, we define the net fragility of a node, which is the difference between its fragility and the threshold that determines its failure. Nodes fail if their net fragility grows above zero and their failure increases the fragility of neighbouring nodes, thus possibly triggering a cascade. In this framework, we identify three classes depending on the way the fragility of a node is increased by the failure of a neighbour. At the microscopic level, we illustrate with specific examples how the failure spreading pattern varies with the node triggering the cascade, depending on its position in the network and its degree. At the macroscopic level, systemic risk is measured as the final fraction of failed nodes, $X^\ast$, and for each of the three classes we derive a recursive equation to compute its value. The phase diagram of $X^\ast$ as a function of the initial conditions, thus allows for a prediction of the systemic risk as well as a comparison of the three different model classes. We could identify which model class lead to a first-order phase transition in systemic risk, i.e. situations where small changes in the initial conditions may lead to a global failure. Eventually, we generalize our framework to encompass stochastic contagion models. This indicates the potential for further generalizations.
description: 43 pages, 16 multipart figures
title: Diagnóstico diferencial de la lesión focal hepática
Creators: name: Raposo Rodríguez, Lucia
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Haemangioma
subject: Cirrhosis
subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Liver
subject: Abdomen

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
Describir las características clínicas y de imagen en ecografía,
TC y RM de las lesiones focales hepáticas quísticas,
hipervasculares e hipovasculares no quísticas,
con imágenes de ejemplo de las distintas...
A search for massive UCDs in the Centaurus Galaxy Cluster
Creators: name: Mieske, S.
name: Hilker, M.
name: Misgeld, I.
name: Jordan, A.
name: Infante, L.
name: Kissler-Patig, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We recently initiated a search for ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) in the Centaurus galaxy cluster (Mieske et al. 2007), resulting in the discovery of 27 compact objects with -12.2
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted as Research Note for A&A
Superconducting Order Parameters in overdoped BaFe$_{1.86}$Ni$_{0.14}$As$_2$ Revealed by Multiple Andreev Reflection Spectroscopy of Planar Break-Junctions
Creators: name: Kuzmicheva, T. E.
name: Kuzmichev, S. A.
name: Pervakov, K. S.
name: Vlasenko, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using multiple Andreev reflection (MAR) spectroscopy, we studied superconductor - normal metal - superconductor (SnS) semiballistic contacts with incoherent transport in overdoped pnictide superconductors BaFe$_{1.86}$Ni$_{0.14}$As$_2$ with critical temperature $T_c \approx 12$ K. We directly determined an anisotropic large gap with the characteristic ratios $2Δ_L^{\rm out}(0)/k_BT_c \approx 6$ and $2Δ_L^{\rm in}(0)/k_BT_c \approx 4$, almost isotropic small gap with $2Δ_S(0)/k_BT_c \approx 2$, and the temperature dependence of the resolved superconducting order parameters. Above the large gap position $2Δ_L$, a fine dI(V)/dV structure fully vanishing at $T_c$ and possibly caused by a resonant coupling with a bosonic mode was observed.
description: 27 pages, 10 figures
Trans-Canada computer network and its application to point-of-sale and other systems
Creators: name: Schuler, Max Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The divergence between the demands for more effective and more economic data communications media by users of digital computers and the present actual trend of the form of these media as provided by today's common carriers in Canada warrants unprecedented examination. At the heart of this problem is a complex series of interrelated technical and financial issues that are examined in this thesis from the point of view of a manager attempting to gain insight into the nature of a solution. To provide this insight the thesis recapitulates significant historical accomplishments in the areas of data networks, it examines present thinking about the means of economically expanding the nature of what is now considered as time-shared computing, and it reviews developments in applied communications technology and solid-state electronics that are deemed to have an important bearing on a solution to the problem. The basic material was gleamed from technical literature, trade articles, and personal interviews. The thesis applies this insight to a solution of the problem by postulating the effect and mode of operation of a Trans-Canada Computer Network; it points out areas in computer applications that might benefit from such a net and specifically develops the subject of Point-of-Sale systems. Point-of-Sale systems are shown to fall into the areas of either general-purpose time-shared processors or dedicated mini-processor configurations within the framework of today's commercial possibilities. Analysis leads to the suggestion of a multiprocessor approach that would permit highly reliable and economical operation albeit only within the context of a Trans-Canada Computer Network. It is concluded that a net such as proposed would be entirely digital in nature and operate independently from telephone equipment; its manner of sharing data net capacity would complement the operation of present time-sharing computers and be more efficient in the use of data transmission facility; it would extend the concept of time-sharing to small machines and reduce the need for full redundancy in high-reliability systems, thus permitting the Canada-wide use of distributed multiprocessors to be a more common configuration. By enabling computer-speed switching using digital gating rather than electromechanical switching, charges for data link use would be based on access times rather than line capacity, thus becoming more equitable and in all probability lower. The Trans-Canada Computer Network characteristics would provide a common base for data transmission thus essentially pointing the way to a solution of- the machine interconnection problem in the case of dissimilar processors. The case for a specialized data network, then, arises from the inability of existing and to all appearances, planned telephone services to satisfy data user's transmission requirements.
Some physical properties of a new Jupiter-family comet P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS) from broadband observations
Creators: name: Borysenko, Serhii
name: Kokhirova, Gulchehra
name: Rakhmatullaeva, Firuza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New periodic comet P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS) located on unstable quasi-Trojan orbit still an interesting object to study in the last years. We present the results of broadband observations of comet P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS) performed at the Sanglokh observatory of the Institute of Astrophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan for 5 nights in August 2020. The dependence of the Afrho parameters of the comet on the aperture radius is measured. We obtained the coma corrected upper limit of the cometary radius Rn not more than 6.1 +- 0.1 km and calculated the absolute magnitude H0 = 11.41 +- 0.03. Finson - Probstein diagram method was used to explain a dust tail appearance. A subgroup of comets with orbital parameters close to P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS) is analyzed.
description: 27 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, published in Icarus, 372, 15 January, 2022, 114752
Probabilistic unifying relations for modelling epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty: semantics and automated reasoning with theorem proving
Creators: name: Ye, Kangfeng
name: Woodcock, Jim
name: Foster, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Probabilistic programming combines general computer programming, statistical inference, and formal semantics to help systems make decisions when facing uncertainty. Probabilistic programs are ubiquitous, including having a significant impact on machine intelligence. While many probabilistic algorithms have been used in practice in different domains, their automated verification based on formal semantics is still a relatively new research area. In the last two decades, it has attracted much interest. Many challenges, however, remain. The work presented in this paper, probabilistic unifying relations (ProbURel), takes a step towards our vision to tackle these challenges.
 Our work is based on Hehner's predicative probabilistic programming, but there are several obstacles to the broader adoption of his work. Our contributions here include (1) the formalisation of its syntax and semantics by introducing an Iverson bracket notation to separate relations from arithmetic; (2) the formalisation of relations using Unifying Theories of Programming (UTP) and probabilities outside the brackets using summation over the topological space of the real numbers; (3) the constructive semantics for probabilistic loops using Kleene's fixed-point theorem; (4) the enrichment of its semantics from distributions to subdistributions and superdistributions to deal with the constructive semantics; (5) the unique fixed-point theorem to simplify the reasoning about probabilistic loops; and (6) the mechanisation of our theory in Isabelle/UTP, an implementation of UTP in Isabelle/HOL, for automated reasoning using theorem proving.
 We demonstrate our work with six examples, including problems in robot localisation, classification in machine learning, and the termination of probabilistic loops.
description: The final version before publication. The published version is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2024.114876
title: Contrastes yodados. Lo que el radiólogo no debe olvidar.
Creators: name: Matilla Muñoz, Alicia
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Contrast agents
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
Los contrastes yodados son ampliamente utilizados en la práctica diaria de los Servicios de Radiodiagnóstico. Como cualquier fármaco,
no están exentos de riesgo.
Nuestro objetivo principal en este póster es revisar las principales reacciones...
Dynamic Dysbiosis of Maternal Gut Microbiome in Perinatal Anxiety
Creators: name: Khedekar, Akanksha Dilip
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Anxiety and depression are some of the most common psychiatric disorders during the perinatal period (pregnancy and up to one year postpartum). About 20% of women suffer from one or more anxiety disorders during pregnancy or postpartum. Most of the earlier research focuses on determining the differences in the gut microbiota of individuals suffering from Generalized Anxiety Disorder in the non-pregnant population. However, perinatal anxiety is associated with various risk factors and has negative consequences on infants, so it is necessary to understand the role of gut microbiota in perinatal anxiety. Anxiety is also associated with inflammatory states, which are characterized by the activity of the immune system through cytokines and associated with the gut microbiota. We have identified microbial taxa associated with the activity of the autonomic nervous system by using Heart Rate Variability as a proxy during the postpartum period as the gut and brain communicate through the autonomic nervous system. Fecal and blood samples were collected from the participants during the perinatal period. Participants were 75% White and on an average were about 34 years old and had more than 16 years of education. Participants completed self-reported mental health questionnaires related to anxiety, mood, and stress. Amplicon sequence variants were used to determine the associations using the generalized linear models. While we did not observe any significant association between richness (alpha-diversity) and structure level (beta-diversity) to anxiety levels and gestational weeks except for the postpartum period. The genera Alistipes was found to be negatively associated with anxiety, had associations with certain cytokines throughout the perinatal period, and was positively associated with HRV measures. Tryptamine, a precursor of serotonin, producing bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium, Blautia), and butyrate producing bacteria (e.g., Faecalibacterium) was also negatively associated with anxiety scores. Predicted metabolic pathways associated with neurotransmitter activation and degradation processes were not significantly different in individuals with active episodes of perinatal anxiety. The immune system is distinct in the third trimester of pregnancy and the postpartum period. Immunological differences were associated with microbial communities. We expect that our results could serve to develop novel microbial-inspired treatments for perinatal anxiety and to move into a precision medicine approach to treat this condition.
Histological and immunohistochemical study of the effect of liraglutide in experimental model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Creators: name: Nour, Mai Salah
name: Sakara, Zeinab Abd El-Hay
name: Hasanin, Nawal Awad
name: Hamed, Shereen Mohamed
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is known as the accumulation of triglycerides in liver without alcohol consumption. Liraglutide is an analogue of glucagon-like peptide-1 hormone (GLP-1). It is known to decrease blood glucose, body weight and food intake. The present study is designed to study the effect of liraglutide on the experimental model of NAFLD. Thirty-six adult male albino rats were divided into three groups. Group I was the control group. Group II (FLD group) received a high-fat fructose diet for 16 weeks. Group III (FLD + Lira) received high-fat fructose diet daily for 16 weeks and were injected with Liraglutide intraperitoneally at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg/day in the last 4 weeks. Liver sections were prepared for histological, immunohistochemical and Western blot study of alpha smooth muscle actin and beclin 1. Group II showed macrovesicular and microvesicular steatosis, a strong positive immunoreaction of αSMA (alpha smooth muscle actin) and a weak positive immunoreaction of beclin 1. Group III showed a much better histological picture and a moderate positive immunoreaction of αSMA and beclin 1. In conclusion, liraglutide could treat NAFLD by improving hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, regulating lipid profile and liver functions, and enhancing autophagy.
Dilation Properties of Coherent Nearly-Linear Models
Creators: name: Pelessoni, Renato
name: Vicig, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60A05 (Primary) 03B42 (Secondary)

description: Dilation is a puzzling phenomenon within Imprecise Probability theory: when it obtains, our uncertainty evaluation on event $A$ is vaguer after conditioning $A$ on $B$, whatever is event $B$ in a given partition $\mathcal{B}$. In this paper we investigate dilation with coherent Nearly-Linear (NL) models. These are a family of neighbourhood models, obtaining lower/upper probabilities by linear affine transformations (with barriers) of a given probability, and encompass several well-known models, such as the Pari-Mutuel Model, the $\varepsilon$-contamination model, the Total Variation Model, and others. We first recall results we recently obtained for conditioning NL model with the standard procedure of natural extension and separately discuss the role of the alternative regular extension. Then, we characterise dilation for coherent NL models. For their most relevant subfamily, Vertical Barrier Models (VBM), we study the coarsening property of dilation, the extent of dilation, and constriction. The results generalise existing ones established for special VBMs. As an interesting aside, we discuss in a general framework how logical (in)dependence of $A$ from $\mathcal{B}$ or extreme evaluations for $A$ influence dilation.
description: 33 pages, 2 figures
Analyzing quantum entanglement with the Schmidt decomposition in operator space
Creators: name: Zhang, Chengjie
name: Denker, Sophia
name: Asadian, Ali
name: Gühne, Otfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Characterizing entanglement is central for quantum information science. Special observables which indicate entanglement, so-called entanglement witnesses, are a widely used tool for this task. The construction of these witnesses typically relies on the observation that quantum states with a high fidelity to some entangled target state are entangled, too. We introduce a general method to construct entanglement witnesses based on the Schmidt decomposition of observables. The method works for two- and, more importantly, many-body systems and is strictly stronger than fidelity-based constructions. The resulting witnesses can also be used to quantify entanglement as well as to characterize the dimensionality of it. Finally, we present experimentally relevant examples, where our approach improves entanglement detection significantly.
description: S. Denker and C. Zhang contributed equally; 17 pages, one figure
Genome-wide analysis and in silico screening of secondary metabolite potential of endophytic fungi Fusarium multiceps BPAL1 obtained in Mumbai, India
Creators: name: Shah, Sagar P
name: Chunduri, Jayaprada Rao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Endophytic fungi are potent secondary metabolite producers due to their symbiotic existence. Mangrove environments offer diverse applications due to their rich diversity. The phytal ecosystem is a rich source of fungal isolates that exist as endogenous symbionts. Though the mangrove studies elaborate the medicinal values of the diverse plants and associated fungal species, limited information is available for species such as Fusarium sp. which have the potential to produce many secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds. Specific attention to carrying out a detailed study of genomic features, genetic information, and biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) enables the maximum utility of the byproducts of this species. The whole genome sequence of Fusarium multiceps BPAL1 (ON668124) strain isolated as an endophyte from Acanthus ilicifolius and gene annotation have been carried out during the current study. The assembled genome was found to be 39.57 Mb in size having a total of 169 scaffolds, and 47.62% GC content. Potential gene families crucial for biological processes were identified using Genome mining. antiSMASH analysis identified 33 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) from 11,675 predicted genes, of which 23 clusters were found to be unknown. 11,309 genes that accounted for 96.87% of the candidate genes were annotated for their putative function/s. The overall predicted genes comprised 85.36% (9654) Eukaryotic Orthologous Groups and 28.41% (3213) involved in metabolism. De novo generated whole genome of Fusarium will be a good resource for future research while considering the expression, regulation, function, and evolution of Fusarium genes and their biotechnological applications.
Pulse shape and voltage-dependent synchronization in spiking neuron networks
Creators: name: Pietras, Bastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulse-coupled spiking neural networks are a powerful tool to gain mechanistic insights into how neurons self-organize to produce coherent collective behavior. These networks use simple spiking neuron models, such as the $θ$-neuron or the quadratic integrate-and-fire (QIF) neuron, that replicate the essential features of real neural dynamics. Interactions between neurons are modeled with infinitely narrow pulses, or spikes, rather than the more complex dynamics of real synapses. To make these networks biologically more plausible, it has been proposed that they must also account for the finite width of the pulses, which can have a significant impact on the network dynamics. However, the derivation and interpretation of these pulses is contradictory and the impact of the pulse shape on the network dynamics is largely unexplored. Here, I take a comprehensive approach to pulse-coupling in networks of QIF and $θ$-neurons. I argue that narrow pulses activate voltage-dependent synaptic conductances and show how to implement them in QIF neurons such that their effect can last through the phase after the spike. Using an exact low-dimensional description for networks of globally coupled spiking neurons, I prove for instantaneous interactions that collective oscillations emerge due to an effective coupling through the mean voltage. I analyze the impact of the pulse shape by means of a family of smooth pulse functions with arbitrary finite width and symmetric or asymmetric shapes. For symmetric pulses, the resulting voltage-coupling is not very effective in synchronizing neurons, but pulses that are slightly skewed to the phase after the spike readily generate collective oscillations. The results unveil a voltage-dependent spike synchronization mechanism in neural networks, which is facilitated by pulses of finite width and complementary to traditional synaptic transmission.
description: 65 pages, 11 figures
Landau Quantization of Massless Dirac Fermions in Topological Insulator
Creators: name: Cheng, Peng
name: Song, Canli
name: Zhang, Tong
name: Zhang, Yanyi
name: Wang, Yilin
name: Jia, Jin-Feng
name: Wang, Jing
name: Wang, Yayu
name: Zhu, Bang-Fen
name: Chen, Xi
name: Ma, Xucun
name: He, Ke
name: Wang, Lili
name: Dai, Xi
name: Fang, Zhong
name: Xie, X. C.
name: Qi, Xiao-Liang
name: Liu, Chao-Xing
name: Zhang, Shou-Cheng
name: Xue, Qi-Kun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent theoretical prediction and experimental realization of topological insulators (TI) has generated intense interest in this new state of quantum matter. The surface states of a three-dimensional (3D) TI such as Bi_2Te_3, Bi_2Se_3 and Sb_2Te_3 consist of a single massless Dirac cones. Crossing of the two surface state branches with opposite spins in the materials is fully protected by the time reversal (TR) symmetry at the Dirac points, which cannot be destroyed by any TR invariant perturbation. Recent advances in thin-film growth have permitted this unique two-dimensional electron system (2DES) to be probed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS). The intriguing TR symmetry protected topological states were revealed in STM experiments where the backscattering induced by non-magnetic impurities was forbidden. Here we report the Landau quantization of the topological surface states in Bi_2Se_3 in magnetic field by using STM/STS. The direct observation of the discrete Landau levels (LLs) strongly supports the 2D nature of the topological states and gives direct proof of the nondegenerate structure of LLs in TI. We demonstrate the linear dispersion of the massless Dirac fermions by the square-root dependence of LLs on magnetic field. The formation of LLs implies the high mobility of the 2DES, which has been predicted to lead to topological magneto-electric effect of the TI.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
title: Tumores laringeos de origen no escamoso: Revisión y utilidad de los hallazgos radiológicos en su diagnóstico diferencial.
Creators: name: Bartumeus Martínez, Paula
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Image compression
subject: CT
subject: Head and neck

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
◊Revisar los diferentes tumores laríngeos de origen no escamoso y variantes de histologia no habitual,
ydescribir su presentación clínica. ◊ Recordar las claves del diagnóstico diferencial describiendo los hallazgos en imagen que permiten...