cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Probing Nonadiabatic Dynamics with Attosecond Pulse Trains and Soft X-ray Raman Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Restaino, Lorenzo
name: Jadoun, Deependra
name: Kowalewski, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Linear off-resonant X-ray Raman techniques are capable of detecting the ultrafast electronic coherences generated when a photoexcited wave packet passes through a conical intersection. A hybrid femtosecond or attosecond probe pulse is employed to excite the system and stimulate the emission of the signal photon, where both fields are components of a hybrid pulse scheme. In this paper, we investigate how attosecond pulse trains, as provided by high-harmonic generation processes, perform as probe pulses in the framework of this spectroscopic technique, instead of single Gaussian pulses. We explore different combination schemes for the probe pulse, as well as the impact of parameters of the pulse trains on the signals. Furthermore, we show how Raman selection rules and symmetry consideration affect the spectroscopic signal, and we discuss the importance of vibrational contributions to the overall signal. We use two different model systems, representing molecules of different symmetry, and quantum dynamics simulations to study the difference in the spectra. The results suggest that such pulse trains are well suited to capture the key features associated with the electronic coherence.
Learning Dense Features for Point Cloud Registration Using a Graph Attention Network
Creators: name: Dang, Quoc Vinh Lai
name: Nengroo, Sarvar Hussain
name: Jin, Hojun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Point cloud registration is a fundamental task in many applications such as localization, mapping, tracking, and reconstruction. Successful registration relies on extracting robust and discriminative geometric features. Though existing learning based methods require high computing capacity for processing a large number of raw points at the same time, computational capacity limitation is not an issue thanks to the powerful parallel computing process using GPU. In this paper, we introduce a framework that efficiently and economically extracts dense features using a graph attention network for point cloud matching and registration (DFGAT). The detector of the DFGAT is responsible for finding highly reliable key points in large raw data sets. The descriptor of the DFGAT takes these keypoints combined with their neighbors to extract invariant density features in preparation for the matching. The graph attention network (GAT) uses the attention mechanism that enriches the relationships between point clouds. Finally, we consider this as an optimal transport problem and use the Sinkhorn algorithm to find positive and negative matches. We perform thorough tests on the KITTI dataset and evaluate the effectiveness of this approach. The results show that this method with the efficiently compact keypoint selection and description can achieve the best performance matching metrics and reach the highest success ratio of 99.88% registration in comparison with other state of the art approaches.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
ODE/IM correspondence and supersymmetric affine Toda field equations
Creators: name: Ito, Katsushi
name: Zhu, Mingshuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the linear differential system associated with the supersymmetric affine Toda field equations for affine Lie superalgebras, which has a purely odd simple root system. For an affine Lie algebra, the linear problem modified by conformal transformation leads to an ordinary differential equation (ODE) that provides the functional relations in the integrable models. This is known as the ODE/IM correspondence. For the affine Lie superalgebras, the linear equations modified by a superconformal transformation are shown to reduce to a couple of ODEs for each bosonic subalgebra. In particular, for $osp(2,2)^{(2)}$, the corresponding ODE becomes the second-order ODE with squared potential, which is related to the ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetric minimal model via the ODE/IM correspondence. We also find ODEs for classical affine Lie superalgebras with purely odd simple root systems.
description: 28 pages; published version
Simultaneous Inhibition of Ceramide Hydrolysis and Glycosylation Synergizes to Corrupt Mitochondrial Respiration and Signal Caspase Driven Cell Death in Drug-Resistant Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Creators: name: Chalfant, Charles E.
name: Shaw, Jeremy J. P.
name: Ung, Johnson
name: Fabrias, Gemma
name: Kassai, Miki
name: Hagen, James T.
name: Claxton, David F.
name: Golla, Upendarrao
name: Abad, Jose’ Luis
name: Feith, David J.
name: Fisher-Wellman, Kelsey H.
name: Neufer, P. Darrell
name: Loughran, Thomas P.
name: Tan, Su-Fern
name: Cabot, Myles C.
name: Bhowmick, Debajit
name: Kester, Mark
name: Sharma, Arati
name: Fox, Todd E.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), the most prevalent acute and aggressive leukemia diagnosed in adults, often recurs as a difficult-to-treat, chemotherapy-resistant disease. Because chemotherapy resistance is a major obstacle to successful treatment, novel therapeutic intervention is needed. Upregulated ceramide clearance via accelerated hydrolysis and glycosylation has been shown to be an element in chemotherapy-resistant AML, a problem considering the crucial role ceramide plays in eliciting apoptosis. Herein we employed agents that block ceramide clearance to determine if such a “reset” would be of therapeutic benefit. SACLAC was utilized to limit ceramide hydrolysis, and D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (D-threo-PDMP) was used to block the glycosylation route. The SACLAC D-threo-PDMP inhibitor combination was synergistically cytotoxic in drug-resistant, P-glycoprotein-expressing (P-gp) AML but not in wt, P-gp-poor cells. Interestingly, P-gp antagonists that can limit ceramide glycosylation via depression of glucosylceramide transit also synergized with SACLAC, suggesting a paradoxical role for P-gp in the implementation of cell death. Mechanistically, cell death was accompanied by a complete drop in ceramide glycosylation, concomitant, striking increases in all molecular species of ceramide, diminished sphingosine 1-phosphate levels, resounding declines in mitochondrial respiratory kinetics, altered Akt, pGSK-3β, and Mcl-1 expression, and caspase activation. Although ceramide was generated in wt cells upon inhibitor exposure, mitochondrial respiration was not corrupted, suggestive of mitochondrial vulnerability in the drug-resistant phenotype, a potential therapeutic avenue. The inhibitor regimen showed efficacy in an in vivo model and in primary AML cells from patients. These results support the implementation of SL enzyme targeting to limit ceramide clearance as a therapeutic strategy in chemotherapy-resistant AML, inclusive of a novel indication for the use of P-gp antagonists.
Motivational Interviewing Counseling to Increase Endocrine Therapy Adherence in Diverse Patients
Creators: name: Drier, Sarah W.
name: Wheeler, Stephanie B.
name: Reeder-Hayes, Katherine E.
name: Spencer, Jennifer
name: Fray, Niasha
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Background: Oral endocrine therapy (ET) is an inexpensive and effective therapy for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer that prevents recurrence but relies upon long-term adherence for up to ten years. More than 80% of breast cancer patients have an HR+ phenotype and are candidates for ET, but approximately half discontinue or become non-adherent by five years. ET underuse is more prevalent in Black and young (<50 yrs) women, which may contribute to outcome disparities in these groups. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and utility of a patient-centered counseling intervention to enhance ET adherence, with a focus on the needs of Black and younger women. Methods: We conducted a single-arm pilot study of a twelve-month motivational interviewing (MI) intervention consisting of five MI counseling sessions, an interactive workbook, a resource guide, and an educational video developed and revised with iterative patient and clinician input. The eligible participants were >18 years old, English speaking, and with stage I–III HR+ breast cancer. Participants were recruited across a large academic medical center and four community sites. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed by measures of participant recruitment, retention, session participation, and patient-reported satisfaction. ET adherence at 12 months was assessed by self-report and medication event monitoring system (MEMS) caps using a continuous measure of the proportion of days covered (PDC) as well as a dichotomous measure of the optimal adherence, defined as >80% PDC. Results: Forty-two women initiated the intervention, of whom thirty-five participants (83%) completed outcome assessments at 12 months, including thirteen Black and twenty-two non-Black participants. The average participant age was 54.8 years (range: 25–73). Overall, 97% completed at least three MI sessions and 83% completed at least four sessions. Participant retention and satisfaction were high, particularly among Black women. Self-reported adherence at 12 months was 88% overall (100% in Black women and 81% in non-Black women). The majority of women also achieved 80% of days adherent using MEMS caps, with a greater adherence in Black women. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility, acceptability, and early promise of the effectiveness of an MI counseling-based intervention to promote ET adherence and prevent breast cancer recurrence in diverse populations.
Modeling the System-Level Reliability towards a Convergence of Communication, Computing and Control
Creators: name: Han, Bin
name: Schotten, Hans D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Enabled and driven by modern advances in wireless telecommunication and artificial intelligence, the convergence of communication, computing, and control is becoming inevitable in future industrial applications. Analytical and optimizing frameworks, however, are not yet readily developed for this new technical trend. In this work we discuss the necessity and typical scenarios of this convergence, and propose a new approach to model the system-level reliability across all involved domainss
description: Accepted to appear in the 8th International Symposium on Reliability and Risk Management (ISRERM 2022)
NEK Family Review and Correlations with Patient Survival Outcomes in Various Cancer Types
Creators: name: Nguyen, Khoa
name: Lee, Sean B.
name: Burow, Matthew E.
name: Cheng, Thomas
name: Rivera, Andrew
name: Collins-Burow, Bridgette M.
name: Drewry, David H.
name: Tran, Minh N.
name: Boehling, Julia
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: The Never in Mitosis Gene A (NIMA)–related kinases (NEKs) are a group of serine/threonine kinases that are involved in a wide array of cellular processes including cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair response (DDR), apoptosis, and microtubule organization. Recent studies have identified the involvement of NEK family members in various diseases such as autoimmune disorders, malignancies, and developmental defects. Despite the existing literature exemplifying the importance of the NEK family of kinases, this family of protein kinases remains understudied. This report seeks to provide a foundation for investigating the role of different NEKs in malignancies. We do this by evaluating the 11 NEK family kinase gene expression associations with patients’ overall survival (OS) from various cancers using the Kaplan–Meier Online Tool (KMPlotter) to correlate the relationship between mRNA expression of NEK1-11 in various cancers and patient survival. Furthermore, we use the Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database to identify NEK family mutations in cancers of different tissues. Overall, the data suggest that the NEK family has varying associations with patient survival in different cancers with tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting effects being tissue-dependent.
Metric reconstruction from celestial multipoles
Creators: name: Compère, Geoffrey
name: Oliveri, Roberto
name: Seraj, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most general vacuum solution to Einstein's field equations with no incoming radiation can be constructed perturbatively from two infinite sets of canonical multipole moments, which are found to be mapped into each other under gravitational electric-magnetic duality at the non-linear level. We demonstrate that in non-radiative regions such spacetimes are completely characterized by a set of conserved celestial charges that consist of the Geroch-Hansen multipole moments, the generalized BMS charges and additional celestial multipoles accounting for subleading memory effects. Transitions among non-radiative regions, induced by radiative processes, are therefore labelled by celestial charges, which are identified in terms of canonical multipole moments of the linearized gravitational field. The dictionary between celestial charges and canonical multipole moments allows to holographically reconstruct the metric in de Donder, Newman-Unti or Bondi gauge outside of sources.
description: v1: 25 pages; v2: text improved, references added, sec.3 "Gravitational electric-magnetic duality" expanded, matches published version in JHEP
Stationary Brownian motion in a 3/4-plane: Reduction to a Riemann-Hilbert problem via Fourier transforms
Creators: name: Fayolle, Guy
name: Franceschi, Sandro
name: Raschel, Kilian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 60J65, 60E10, Secondary 60H05

description: The stationary reflected Brownian motion in a three-quarter plane has been rarely analyzed in the probabilistic literature, in comparison with the quarter plane analogue model. In this context, our main result is to prove that the stationary distribution can indeed be found by solving a boundary value problem of the same kind as the one encountered in the quarter plane, up to various dualities and symmetries. The main idea is to start from Fourier (and not Laplace) transforms, allowing to get a functional equation for a single function of two complex variables.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
Paper summary in 1D with examples from The Elastic Stored Energy of Initially Stained, or Stressed, Materials: Restrictions and Third-Order Expansions
Creators: name: Gower, Artur Lewis
name: Shearer, Tom
name: Ciarletta, Pasquale
name: Destrade, michel
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 320203
subject: Clinical microbiology

description: The main result of the paper but for the special case of uniaxial dedformation of a three-dimensional incompressible solid.
Hybrid Bloch-Néel spiral states in Mn$_{1.4}$PtSn probed by resonant soft x-ray scattering
Creators: name: Sukhanov, A. S.
name: Ukleev, V.
name: Vir, P.
name: Gargiani, P.
name: Valvidares, M.
name: White, J. S.
name: Felser, C.
name: Inosov, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiple intriguing phenomena have recently been discovered in tetragonal Heusler compounds, where $D_{2d}$ symmetry sets a unique interplay between Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) and magnetic dipolar interactions. In the prototype $D_{2d}$ compound Mn$_{1.4}$PtSn, this has allowed the stabilization of exotic spin textures such as first-reported anti-skyrmions or elliptic Bloch-type skyrmions. While less attention has so far been given to the low-field spiral state, this remains extremely interesting as a simplest phase scenario on which to investigate the complex hierarchy of magnetic interactions in this materials family. Here, via resonant small-angle soft x-ray scattering experiments on high-quality single crystals of Mn$_{1.4}$PtSn at low temperatures, we evidence how the underlying $D_{2d}$ symmetry of the DMI in this material is reflected in its magnetic texture. Our studies reveal the existence of a novel and complex metastable phase, which possibly has a mixed character of both the Néel-type cycloid and the Bloch-type helix, that forms at low temperature in zero fields upon the in-plane field training. This hybrid spin-spiral structure has a remarkable tunability, allowing to tilt its orientation beyond high-symmetry crystallographic directions and control its spiral period. These results broaden the reachness of Heusler $D_{2d}$ materials exotic magnetic phase diagram and extend its tunability, thus enhancing a relevant playground for further fundamental explorations and potential applications in energy saving technologies.
Dynamic Changes in Dietary Guideline Adherence and Its Association with All-Cause Mortality among Middle-Aged Chinese: A Longitudinal Study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey
Creators: name: Na, Xiaona
name: Liang, Wannian
name: Zhang, Xiao
name: Zhao, Ai
name: Wang, Yanfang
name: Du, Shufa
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: The traditional approach to evaluating dietary quality is based on the achievement of the recommended intakes for each food group, which may overlook the achievement of correct relative proportions between food groups. We propose a “Dietary Non-Adherence Score (DNAS)” to assess the degree of similarity between subjects’ diets and those recommended in the Chinese Dietary Guidelines (CDG). Furthermore, it is important to incorporate the time-dependent nature of dietary quality into mortality prediction. This study investigated the association between long-term changes in adherence to the CDG and all-cause mortality. This study included 4533 participants aged 30–60 from the China Health and Nutrition Survey study with a median follow-up of 6.9 years. Intakes from 10 food groups were collected in 5 survey rounds from 2004 to 2015. We calculated the Euclidean distance between the intake of each food and the CDG-recommended intake, and then summed all the food groups as DNAS. Mortality was assessed in 2015. Latent class trajectory modeling was used to identify three classes of participants with distinct longitudinal trajectories of DNAS during the follow-up period. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the risk of all-cause mortality in the three classes of people. Risk factors for death and confounders for diets were sequentially adjusted in the models. There were 187 deaths overall. Participants in the first class identified had consistently low and decreasing DNAS levels (coefficient = −0.020) over their lifetime, compared with a hazard ratio (HR) of 4.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5, 12.7) for participants with consistently high and increasing DNAS levels (coefficient = 0.008). Those with moderate DNAS had an HR of 3.0 (95% CI: 1.1, 8.4). In summary, we find that people with consistently high adherence to CDG-recommended dietary patterns had a significantly lower mortality risk. DNAS is a promising method to assess diet quality.
The Umbral Moonshine Module for the Unique Unimodular Niemeier Root System
Creators: name: Duncan, John F. R.
name: Harvey, Jeffrey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 11F22, 11F37, 17B69, 20C35

description: We use canonically-twisted modules for a certain super vertex operator algebra to construct the umbral moonshine module for the unique Niemeier lattice that coincides with its root sublattice. In particular, we give explicit expressions for the vector-valued mock modular forms attached to automorphisms of this lattice by umbral moonshine. We also characterize the vector-valued mock modular forms arising, in which four of Ramanujan's fifth order mock theta functions appear as components.
description: 39 pages
Topological Condensate in an Interaction Induced Gauge Potential
Creators: name: Zheng, Jun-hui
name: Xiong, Bo
name: Juzeliunas, G.
name: Wang, Daw-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically investigate the ground state and elementary excitations of a Bose-Einstein Condensate with a synthetic vector potential, which is induced by the many-body effects and atom-light coupling. For a sufficiently strong inter-atom interaction, we find the condensate undergoes a Stoner-type ferromagnetic transition through the self-consistent coupling with the vector potential. For a weak interaction, the critical velocity of a supercurrent is found anisotropic due to the density fluctuations affecting the gauge field. We further analytically demonstrate the topological ground state with a coreless vortex ring in a 3D harmonic trap and a coreless vortex-antivortex pair in a 2D trap. The circulating persistent current is measurable in the time-of-flight experiment or in the dipolar oscillation through the violation of Kohn theorem.
description: 5+3 pages of RevTex4-1, 4+1 figures
Molecular encapsulation from the liquid phase and graphene nanoribbon growth in carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Cadena, Ana
name: Botka, Bea
name: Pekker, Áron
name: Tschannen, Cla Duri
name: Lombardo, Chiara
name: Novotny, Lukas
name: Khlobystov, Andrei N.
name: Kamarás, Katalin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Growing graphene nanoribbons from small organic molecules encapsulated in carbon nanotubes can result in products with uniform width and chirality. We propose a method based on encapsulation of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene from the liquid phase and subsequent annealing. This procedure results in graphene nanoribbons several tens of nanometers long. The presence of nanoribbons was proven by Raman spectra both on macroscopic samples and on the nanoscale by tip-enhanced Raman scattering and high-resolution transmission electron microscopic images.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
Polarization operator in the 2+1 dimensional quantum electrodynamics with a nonzero fermion density in a constant uniform magnetic field
Creators: name: Khalilov, V. R.
name: Mamsurov, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The polarization operator (tensor) for planar charged fermions in constant uniform magnetic field is calculated in the one-loop approximation of the 2+1 dimensional quantum electrodynamics (QED$_{2+1}$) with a nonzero fermion density. We construct the Green function of the Dirac equation with a constant uniform external magnetic field in the QED$_{2+1}$ at the finite chemical potential, find the imaginary part of this Green function and then obtain the polarization tensor related to the combined contribution from real particles occupying the finite number of energy levels and magnetic field. We expect that some physical effects under consideration seem to be likely to be revealed in a monolayer graphene sample in the presence of external constant uniform magnetic field $B$ perpendicular to it.
description: 9 pages, 2 references are deleted
Which Bath-Hamiltonians Matter for Thermal Operations?
Creators: name: Ende, Frederik vom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we explore the set of thermal operations from a mathematical and topological point of view. First we introduce the concept of Hamiltonians with resonant spectrum with respect to some reference Hamiltonian, followed by proving that when defining thermal operations it suffices to only consider bath Hamiltonians which satisfy this resonance property. Next we investigate continuity of the set of thermal operations in certain parameters, such as energies of the system and temperature of the bath. We will see that the set of thermal operations changes discontinuously with respect to the Hausdorff metric at any Hamiltonian which has so-called degenerate Bohr spectrum, regardless of the temperature. Finally we find a semigroup representation of the (enhanced) thermal operations in two dimensions by characterizing any such operation via three real parameters, thus allowing for a visualization of this set. Using this, in the qubit case we show commutativity of the (enhanced) thermal operations as well as convexity of the thermal operations without the closure. The latter is done by specifying the elements of this set exactly.
description: 20 pages main text (3 figures) & 19 pages Appendix (2 figures)
Antibiotic-induced accumulation of lipid II synergizes with antimicrobial fatty acids to eradicate bacterial populations
Creators: name: Kedziora K.M.
name: Conlon B.P.
name: Daniel J.-M.
name: Rowe S.E.
name: Parsons J.B.
name: Arts M.
name: Bui D.T.
name: Beam J.E.
name: Schneider T.
name: Sidders A.E.
name: de Benedetti S.
Publisher: name: eLife
Year: 2023

description: Antibiotic tolerance and antibiotic resistance are the two major obstacles to the efficient and reliable treatment of bacterial infections. Identifying antibiotic adjuvants that sensitize resistant and tolerant bacteria to antibiotic killing may lead to the development of superior treatments with improved outcomes. Vancomycin, a lipid II inhibitor, is a frontline antibiotic for treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other Gram-positive bacterial infections. However, vancomycin use has led to the increasing prevalence of bacterial strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. Here, we show that unsaturated fatty acids act as potent vancomycin adjuvants to rapidly kill a range of Gram-positive bacteria, including vancomycin-tolerant and resistant populations. The synergistic bactericidal activity relies on the accumulation of membrane-bound cell wall intermediates that generate large fluid patches in the membrane leading to protein delocalization, aberrant septal formation, and loss of membrane integrity. Our findings provide a natural therapeutic option that enhances vancomycin activity against difficult-to-treat pathogens, and the underlying mechanism may be further exploited to develop antimicrobials that target recalcitrant infection.
Kaluza-Klein Theories Without Truncation
Creators: name: Becker, Katrin
name: Becker, Melanie
name: Robbins, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note we present a closed expression for the space-time effective action for all bosonic fields (massless and massive) obtained from the compactification of gravity or supergravity theories (such as type II or eleven-dimensional supergravities) from $D$ to $d$ space-time dimensions.
description: 20 pages
Toward a Generic Mapping Language for Transformations between RDF and Data Interchange Formats
Creators: name: Köcher, Aljosha
name: Markaj, Artan
name: Fay, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While there exist approaches to integrate heterogeneous data using semantic models, such semantic models can typically not be used by existing software tools. Many software tools - especially in engineering - only have options to import and export data in more established data interchange formats such as XML or JSON. Thus, if an information which is included in a semantic model needs to be used in a such a software tool, automatic approaches for mapping semantic information into an interchange format are needed. We aim to develop a generic mapping approach that allows users to create transformations of semantic information into a data interchange format with an arbitrary structure which can be defined by a user. This mapping approach is currently being elaborated. In this contribution, we report our initial steps targeted to transformations from RDF into XML. At first, a mapping language is introduced which allows to define automated mappings from ontologies to XML. Furthermore, a mapping algorithm capable of executing mappings defined in this language is presented. An evaluation is done with a use case in which engineering information needs to be used in a 3D modeling tool.
description: \c{opyright} 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works
Edge-state enhanced transport in a 2-dimensional quantum walk
Creators: name: Asboth, Janos K.
name: Edge, Jonathan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum walks on translation invariant regular graphs spread quadratically faster than their classical counterparts. The same coherence that gives them this quantum speedup inhibits, or even stops their spread in the presence of disorder. We ask how to create an efficient transport channel from a fixed source site (A) to fixed target site (B) in a disordered 2-dimensional discrete-time quantum walk by cutting some of the links. We show that the somewhat counterintuitive strategy of cutting links along a single line connecting A to B creates such a channel. The efficient transport along the cut is due to topologically protected chiral edge states, which exist even though the bulk Chern number in this system vanishes. We give a realization of the walk as a periodically driven lattice Hamiltonian, and identify the bulk topological invariant responsible for the edge states as the quasienergy winding of this Hamiltonian.
Selection of HIV-1 for resistance to fifth-generation protease inhibitors reveals two independent pathways to high-level resistance
Creators: name: Zhou, Shuntai
name: Sondgeroth, Amy
name: Ali, Akbar
name: Spielvogel, Ean
name: Henes, Mina
name: Lee, Sook-Kyung
name: Swanstrom, Ronald
name: Schiffer, Celia A
name: Kosovrasti, Klajdi
name: Lockbaum, Gordon J
name: Nalivaika, Ellen A
name: Yilmaz, Nese Kurt
Publisher: name: eLife
Year: 2023

description: Darunavir (DRV) is exceptional among potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PIs) in high drug concentrations that are achieved in vivo. Little is known about the de novo resistance pathway for DRV. We selected for resistance to high drug concentrations against 10 PIs and their structural precursor DRV. Mutations accumulated through two pathways (anchored by protease mutations I50V or I84V). Small changes in the inhibitor P1'-equivalent position led to preferential use of one pathway over the other. Changes in the inhibitor P2'-equivalent position determined differences in potency that were retained in the resistant viruses and that impacted the selected mutations. Viral variants from the two pathways showed differential selection of compensatory mutations in Gag cleavage sites. These results reveal the high level of selective pressure that is attainable with fifth-generation PIs and how features of the inhibitor affect both the resistance pathway and the residual potency in the face of resistance.
Reversibility of dynamics and multiple-quantum coherences
Creators: name: Khitrin, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In spin systems, the decay of the Loschmidt echo in the time-reversal experiment (evolution, perturbation, time-reversed evolution) is linked to the generation of multiple-quantum coherences. The approach is extended to other systems, and the general problem of reversibility of quantum dynamics is analyzed.
description: 12 pages
Ablation of palladin in adult heart causes dilated cardiomyopathy associated with intercalated disc abnormalities
Creators: name: Piroddi, Nicoletta
name: Tesi, Chiara
name: Serio, Simone
name: Poggesi, Corrado
name: Filomena, Maria Carmela
name: Nemska, Simona
name: Emrich, Fabian
name: Zhang, Jianlin
name: Mastrototaro, Giuseppina
name: Linke, Wolfgang A
name: Scellini, Beatrice
name: Otey, Carol A
name: Carullo, Pierluigi
name: Bang, Marie-Louise
name: Boncompagni, Simona
Publisher: name: eLife
Year: 2023

description: Palladin (PALLD) belongs to the PALLD/myopalladin (MYPN)/myotilin family of actin-associated immunoglobulin-containing proteins in the sarcomeric Z-line. PALLD is ubiquitously expressed in several isoforms and its longest 200 kDa isoform, predominantly expressed in striated muscle, shows high structural homology to MYPN. MYPN gene mutations are associated with human cardiomyopathies, whereas the role of PALLD in the heart has remained unknown, partly due to embryonic lethality of PALLD knockout mice. In a yeast two-hybrid screening, CARP/Ankrd1 and FHOD1 were identified as novel interaction partners of PALLD's N-terminal region. To study the role of PALLD in the heart, we generated conditional (cPKO) and inducible (cPKOi) cardiomyocyte-specific PALLD knockout mice. While cPKO mice exhibited no pathological phenotype, ablation of PALLD in adult cPKOi mice caused progressive cardiac dilation and systolic dysfunction, associated with reduced cardiomyocyte contractility, intercalated disc abnormalities, and fibrosis, demonstrating that PALLD is essential for normal cardiac function. Double cPKO and MYPN knockout (MKO) mice exhibited a similar phenotype as MKO mice, suggesting that MYPN does not compensate for the loss of PALLD in cPKO mice. Altered transcript levels of MYPN and PALLD isoforms were found in myocardial tissue from human dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathy patients, whereas their protein expression levels were unaltered.
Suppression of dephasing and phase lapses in the fractional quantum Hall regime
Creators: name: Dinaii, Yehuda
name: Gefen, Yuval
name: Rosenow, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A charge fluctuator which is electrostatically coupled to a conducting channel may fully dephase quantum transport through the latter. Here, we address the case where a quantum dot (QD), playing the role of a charge fluctuator, is tunnel-coupled to an additional channel. In the case where the latter may support fractional charge, distinct differences from the integer case arise: Abrupt phase lapses of the transmission through the conducting channel occur (which may or may not be equal to $π$). This is accompanied by a cusp-like suppression of the interferometer's visibility, yet no full dephasing. We interpret our findings in terms of the entanglement between the fluctuator and the conducting channels.
description: Selected by the editors of PRB to be an Editors' Suggestion
Automated fabrication technique of gold tips for use in point-contact spectroscopy
Creators: name: Narasiwodeyar, S.
name: Dwyer, M.
name: Liu, M.
name: Park, W. K.
name: Greene, L. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a successful point-contact spectroscopy (PCS) measurement, metallic tips of proper shape and smoothness are essential to ensure the ballistic nature of a point-contact junction. Until recently, the fabrication of Au tips suitable for use in point-contact spectroscopy has remained more of an art involving a trial and error method rather than an automated scientific process. To address these issues, we have developed a technique with which one can prepare high quality Au tips reproducibly and systematically. It involves an electronic control of the driving voltages used for an electrochemical etching of a gold wire in an HCl-glycerol mixture or an HCl solution. We find that a stopping current, below which the circuit is set to shut off, is a single very important parameter to produce an Au tip of desired shape. We present detailed descriptions for a two-step etching process for Au tips and also test results from PCS measurements using them.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Rev. Sci. Instrum
Tidally-induced Magnetar Super Flare at the Eve of Coalescence with Its Compact Companion
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhen
name: Yi, Shu-Xu
name: Zhang, Shuang-Nan
name: Xiong, Shao-Lin
name: Xiao, Shuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the late inspiral phase of a double neutron star (NS) or NS-black hole system in which one NS is a magnetar, the tidal force on the magnetar arisen from its companion will increase dramatically as the binary approaches. The tidal-induced deformation may surpass the maximum that the magnetar's crust can sustain just seconds or subseconds before the coalescence. A catastrophic global crust destruction may thus occur, and the magnetic energy stored in the magnetar's interior will have the opportunity to be released, which would be observed as a superflare with energy 100s of times larger than giant flares of magnetars. Such a mechanism can naturally explain the recently observed precursor of GRB 211211A, including its quasiperiodic oscillation. We predict that in the coming gravitational wave O4/O5 period, there could be a fraction of detected double NS mergers associated with such super flares. If observed, copious information on the structure and magnetic field in an NS interior can be obtained, which is hard to study elsewhere.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, published in ApJL
The first carbon-enhanced metal-poor star found in the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal
Creators: name: Skuladottir, Asa
name: Tolstoy, Eline
name: Salvadori, Stefania
name: Hill, Vanessa
name: Pettini, Max
name: Shetrone, Matthew D.
name: Starkenburg, Else
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars and their possible connection with the chemical elements produced by the first stellar generation is still highly debated. In contrast to the Galactic halo, not many CEMP stars have been found in the dwarf spheroidal galaxies around the Milky Way. Here we present detailed abundances from ESO VLT/UVES high-resolution spectroscopy for ET0097, the first CEMP star found in the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal. This star has $\text{[Fe/H]}=-2.03\pm0.10$, $\text{[C/Fe]}=0.51\pm0.10$ and $\text{[N/Fe]}=1.18\pm0.20$. The traditional definition of CEMP stars is $\text{[C/Fe]}\geq0.70$, but taking into account that this luminous red giant branch star has undergone mixing, it was intrinsically less nitrogen enhanced and more carbon-rich when it was formed, and so it falls under the definition of CEMP stars, as proposed by Aoki et al. (2007) to account for this effect. By making corrections for this mixing, we conclude that the star had $\text{[C/Fe]}\approx0.8$ during its earlier evolutionary stages. Apart from the enhanced C and N abundances, ET0097 shows no peculiarities in other elements lighter than Zn, and no enhancement of the heavier neutron-capture elements (Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy), making this a CEMP-no star. However, the star does show signs of the weak $r$-process, with an overabundance of the lighter neutron-capture elements (Sr, Y, Zr). To explain the abundance pattern observed in ET0097, we explore the possibility that this star was enriched by primordial stars. In addition to the detailed abundances for ET0097, we present estimates and upper limits for C abundances in 85 other stars in Sculptor derived from CN molecular lines, including 11 stars with $\text{[Fe/H]}\leq-2$. Combining these limits with observations from the literature, the fraction of CEMP-no stars in Sculptor seems to be significantly lower than in the Galactic halo.
description: 28 pages, 6 tables, 10 figures, accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics
AN ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY CONTEXT FOR ROBOTICS: A MIXED METHODS STUDY
Creators: name: Isabell, Tonya
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 390113
subject: Science, technology and engineering curriculum and pedagogy
classificationCode: 390114
subject: Vocational education and training curriculum and pedagogy
classificationCode: 390102
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy theory and development
classificationCode: 401001
subject: Engineering design
classificationCode: 401002
subject: Engineering education

description: AbstractCurrently, only 22% of high school graduates meet the basic requirements for one or more college courses in mathematics, science, reading, or English signifying fewer students with the skills to enter careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) (Smithsonian Science Education Center, 2015). In contrast, science and engineering employment in the United States has grown more rapidly than the overall workforce and now represents 5% of all jobs which is projected to increase to 8% by 2029 (Khan et al., 2020). The current statistics represent a future labor force entering the labor market without the skills needed to obtain a large portion of future occupations. To bridge this gap, the U.S. Federal government outlined a vision with three goals to provide Americans access to high-quality STEM education to increase the skills of the future workforce (National Science & Technology Council, 2018). The three goals include 1) building a strong foundation for STEM literacy; 2) increasing diversity, equity, and inclusion in STEM; 3) preparing the STEM workers for the future (National Science & Technology Council, 2018). As the economy and workforce develop in future years, students will require a high-quality STEM education to enter this growing workforce to meet the goals of the federal government and the needs of future occupations. Robotic platforms are diverse and have the ability to provide students with instant feedback, integrate multiple subjects during the design challenge, and support self-efficacy development through mastery events where students practice skills until they receive a favorable result. Robotics in a life-centered context could interest a diverse range of young adults into STEM career fields. This study implements robotic learning activies in an assistive technology context which centers around improving the lives of living organisms.
Investigating field-induced magnetic order in Han Purple by neutron scattering up to 25.9 T
Creators: name: Allenspach, S.
name: Madsen, A.
name: Biffin, A.
name: Bartkowiak, M.
name: Prokhnenko, O.
name: Gazizulina, A.
name: Liu, X.
name: Wahle, R.
name: Gerischer, S.
name: Kempfer, S.
name: Heller, P.
name: Smeibidl, P.
name: Mira, A.
name: Laflorencie, N.
name: Mila, F.
name: Normand, B.
name: Rüegg, Ch.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: BaCuSi$_2$O$_6$ is a quasi-two-dimensional (2D) quantum antiferromagnet containing three different types of stacked, square-lattice bilayer hosting spin-1/2 dimers. Although this compound has been studied extensively over the last two decades, the critical applied magnetic field required to close the dimer spin gap and induce magnetic order, which exceeds 23 T, has to date precluded any kind of neutron scattering investigation. However, the HFM/EXED instrument at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin made this possible at magnetic fields up to 25.9 T. Thus we have used HFM/EXED to investigate the field-induced ordered phase, in particular to look for quasi-2D physics arising from the layered structure and from the different bilayer types. From neutron diffraction data, we determined the global dependence of the magnetic order parameter on both magnetic field and temperature, finding a form consistent with 3D quantum critical scaling; from this we deduce that the quasi-2D interactions and nonuniform layering of BaCuSi$_2$O$_6$ are not anisotropic enough to induce hallmarks of 2D physics. From neutron spectroscopy data, we measured the dispersion of the strongly Zeeman-split magnetic excitations, finding good agreement with the zero-field interaction parameters of BaCuSi$_2$O$_6$. We conclude that HFM/EXED allowed a significant extension in the application of neutron scattering techniques to the field range above 20 T and in particular opened new horizons in the study of field-induced magnetic quantum phase transitions.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures
Extracting verified decision procedures: DPLL and Resolution
Creators: name: Berger, Ulrich
name: Lawrence, Andrew
name: Forsberg, Fredrik Nordvall
name: Seisenberger, Monika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article is concerned with the application of the program extraction technique to a new class of problems: the synthesis of decision procedures for the classical satisfiability problem that are correct by construction. To this end, we formalize a completeness proof for the DPLL proof system and extract a SAT solver from it. When applied to a propositional formula in conjunctive normal form the program produces either a satisfying assignment or a DPLL derivation showing its unsatisfiability. We use non-computational quantifiers to remove redundant computational content from the extracted program and translate it into Haskell to improve performance. We also prove the equivalence between the resolution proof system and the DPLL proof system with a bound on the size of the resulting resolution proof. This demonstrates that it is possible to capture quantitative information about the extracted program on the proof level. The formalization is carried out in the interactive proof assistant Minlog.