cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bias and temperature dependence of the noise in a single electron transistor
Creators: name: Henning, Torsten
name: Starmark, B.
name: Claeson, T.
name: Delsing, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A single electron transistor based on Al-AlO_x-Nb tunnel junctions was fabricated by shadow evaporation and in situ barrier formation. Its output current noise was measured, using a transimpedance amplifier setup, as a function of bias voltage, gain, and temperature, in the frequency range 1...300 Hz. The spot noise at 10 Hz is dominated by a gain dependent component, indicating that the main noise contribution comes from fluctuations at the input of the transistor. Deviations from ideal input charge noise behaviour are found in the form of a bias dependence of the differential charge equivalent noise, i. e. the derivative of current noise with respect to gain. The temperature dependence of this effect could indicate that heating is activating the noise sources, and that they are located inside or in the near vicinity of the junctions.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures (EPS)
Nonequilibrium dynamics of noninteracting fermions in a trap
Creators: name: Dean, David S.
name: Doussal, Pierre Le
name: Majumdar, Satya N.
name: Schehr, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the real time dynamics of $N$ noninteracting fermions in $d=1$. They evolve in a trapping potential $V(x)$, starting from the equilibrium state in a potential $V_0(x)$. We study the time evolution of the Wigner function $W(x,p,t)$ in the phase space $(x,p)$, and the associated kernel which encodes all correlation functions. At $t=0$ the Wigner function for large $N$ is uniform in phase space inside the Fermi volume, and vanishes at the Fermi surf over a scale $e_N$ being described by a universal scaling function related to the Airy function. We obtain exact solutions for the Wigner function, the density, and the correlations in the case of harmonic and inverse square potentials, for several $V_0(x)$. In the large $N$ limit, near the edges where the density vanishes, we obtain limiting kernels (of the Airy or Bessel types) that retain the form found in equilibrium, up to a time dependent rescaling. For non-harmonic traps the evolution of the Fermi volume is more complex. Nevertheless we show that, for intermediate times, the Fermi surf is still described by the same equilibrium scaling function, with a non-trivial time and space dependent width which we compute analytically. We discuss the multi-time correlations and obtain their explicit scaling forms valid near the edge for the harmonic oscillator. Finally, we address the large time limit where relaxation to the Generalized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE) was found to occur in the "classical" regime $\hbar \sim 1/N$. Using the diagonal ensemble we compute the Wigner function in the quantum case (large $N$, fixed $\hbar$) and show that it agrees with the GGE. We also obtain the higher order (non-local) correlations in the diagonal ensemble.
description: Main text: 8 pages, 1 figure + Supplementary Material: 28 pages, 5 figures
Cooper pair dispersion relation in two dimensions
Creators: name: Adhikari, S. K.
name: Casas, M.
name: Puente, A.
name: Rigo, A.
name: Fortes, M.
name: Solís, M. A.
name: de Llano, M.
name: Valladares, A. A.
name: Rojo, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cooper pair binding energy {\it vs.} center-of-mass-momentum dispersion relation for Bose-Einstein condensation studies of superconductivity is found in two dimensions for a renormalized attractive delta interaction. It crosses over smoothly from a linear to a quadratic form as coupling varies from weak to strong.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure, new version published in Physica C
Video-based analysis of the transition from slipping to rolling
Creators: name: Suarez, Alvaro
name: Baccino, Daniel
name: Marti, Arturo C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of a disc or cylinder initially rolling with slipping on a surface and subsequently transitioning to rolling without slipping is often cited in textbooks. The following experiment serves to clearly demonstrate the transition from rolling with slipping to rolling without slipping. In the experiment, a rotating bicycle wheel was placed in contact with a horizontal surface and the wheel in motion was tracked using Tracker video analysis software [8]. The software created linear velocity plots for the centre of mass and a point on the circumference as well as a plot of the angular velocity of the rotating wheel. The time evolution plots created by Tracker clearly illustrate the transition between the two types of motion.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Dissipation driven dynamical topological phase transitions in two-dimensional superconductors
Creators: name: Nava, Andrea
name: Perroni, Carmine Antonio
name: Egger, Reinhold
name: Lepori, Luca
name: Giuliano, Domenico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We induce and study a topological dynamical phase transition between two planar superconducting phases. Using the
 Lindblad equation to account for the interactions of Bogoliubov quasiparticles among themselves
 and with the fluctuations of the superconducting order parameter, we derive the relaxation dynamics
 of the order parameter. To characterize the phase transition, we compute the fidelity and the
 spin-Hall conductance of the open system.
 Our approach provides crucial informations for experimental implementations, such as
 the dependence of the critical time on the system-bath coupling.
description: 12 pages, 6 .eps figures. Includes Supplemental Material as a part of the Main File
title: Constraints on the Role of Marine Authigenic Clay Formation in Determining Seawater Lithium Isotope Composition
Creators: name: Läuchli, Charlotte
name: Gaviria-Lugo, Nestor
name: Bernhardt, Anne
name: Wittmann, Hella
name: Sachse, Dirk
name: Mohtadi, Mahyar
name: Lückge, Andreas
name: Frings, Patrick J.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: authigenic clays
subject: lithium isotopes
subject: deep marine sediments
classificationCode: 550
subject: Geowissenschaften

description: Silicate weathering reactions generate alkalinity that drives carbonate burial in the ocean, ultimately considered to balance solid-earth CO2 degassing. Because silicate weathering occurs at a climate dependent rate, it provides a negative feedback on long-term climate evolution that regulates Earth's temperature within a habitable window. Quantifying the effect of silicate weathering on CO2 sequestration is challenging, because an unknown fraction of the alkalinity is consumed by the formation of marine authigenic clays. This process – termed reverse weathering – counteracts the degassing-weathering feedback loop and retains carbon in the ocean-atmosphere system. Quantifying reverse weathering is challenging due to the difficulties in detecting and quantifying marine authigenic aluminosilicate clays (MAAC) in marine sediments and distinguishing them from byproducts of alkalinity generating marine (forward) silicate weathering reactions. Here, a comparison of the lithium contents and isotope3 ratios of the clay-sized fraction of marine and fluvial sediments along Chile suggests that higher lithium contents and 7Li/6Li ratios of marine detrital sediments compared to their fluvial counterparts are diagnostic of the presence of MAACs. The increases in Li content and isotope ratios were used to derive a lithium isotope fractionation of ca. −30‰ associated with the formation of MAACs in sediments derived from continents. Using this new constraint on authigenic clay formation, we reevaluate the global lithium budget and derive a flux of lithium associated with MAAC formation in marine detrital sediments.
Intramolecular Carboxyamidation of Alkyne‐Tethered O‐Acylhydroxamates through Formation of Fe(III)‐Nitrenoids
Creators: name: Su, Siyuan
name: Zhang, Yu
name: Liu, Peng
name: Wink, Donald
name: Lee, Daesung
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 3405
subject: Organic chemistry
classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
classificationCode: 3402
subject: Inorganic chemistry
classificationCode: 3407
subject: Theoretical and computational chemistry

description: We developed intramolecular carboxyamidations of alkyne-tethered O-acylhydroxamates followed by either thermally induced spontaneous or 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine-catalyzed O→O or O→N acyl group migration. Under iron-catalyzed conditions, the carboxyamidation products were generated in high yield from both Z-alkene and arene-tethered substrates. DFT calculations indicate that the iron-catalyzed carboxyamidation proceeds via a stepwise mechanism involving iron-imidyl radical cyclization followed by intramolecular acyloxy transfer from the iron center to the alkenyl radical center to furnish the cis-carboxyamidation product. Upon treatment with 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine, the Z-alkene-tethered carboxyamidation products underwent selective O→O acyl migration to generate 2-acyloxy-5-acyl pyrroles. Thermal O→N acyl migration occurs during carboxyamidation if the Z-alkene linker contains an alkyl or an aryl substituent at the β-position of the carbonyl group. On the other hand, the arene linker-containing compounds selectively undergo O→N acyl migration to generate N-acyl-3-acylisoindolinones, and the corresponding O→O acyl migration forming isoindole derivatives was not observed.
Undecidability of the word problem for one-relator inverse monoids via right-angled Artin subgroups of one-relator groups
Creators: name: Gray, Robert D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F10, 20F05, 20M05, 20M18, 20F36

description: We prove the following results: (1) There is a one-relator inverse monoid $\mathrm{Inv}\langle A\:|\:w=1 \rangle$ with undecidable word problem; and (2) There are one-relator groups with undecidable submonoid membership problem. The first of these results answers a problem originally posed by Margolis, Meakin and Stephen in 1987.
description: 19 pages; updated version with minor changes
title: Integrated Study of Fluorescence Enhancement in the Y176H Variant of Cyanobacterial Phytochrome Cph1
Creators: name: Nagano, Soshichiro
name: Song, Chen
name: Rohr, Valentin
name: Mackintosh, Megan J.
name: Hoang, Oanh Tu
name: Kraskov, Anastasia
name: Yang, Yang
name: Hughes, Jon
name: Heyne, Karsten
name: Mroginski, Maria-Andrea
name: Schapiro, Igor
name: Hildebrandt, Peter
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Chromophores
subject: Crystal structure
subject: Fluorescence
subject: Phenyls
subject: Reaction mechanisms
classificationCode: 540
subject: Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Phytochromes are red-light-sensitive biliprotein photoreceptors that control a variety of physiological processes in plants, fungi, and bacteria. Lately, greater attention has been paid to these photoreceptors due to their potential as fluorescent probes for deep-tissue microscopy. Such fluorescing phytochromes have been generated by multiple amino acid substitutions in weakly fluorescent wild-type (WT) proteins. Remarkably, the single substitution of conserved Tyr176 by His in cyanobacterial phytochrome Cph1 increases the fluorescence quantum yield from 2.4 to 14.5%. In this work, we studied this Y176H variant by crystallography, MAS NMR, resonance Raman spectroscopy, and ultrafast absorption spectroscopy complemented by theoretical methods. Two factors were identified to account for the strong fluorescence increase. First, the equilibrium between the photoactive and fluorescent substates of WT Cph1 was shown to shift entirely to the fluorescent substate in Y176H. Second, structural flexibility of the chromophore is drastically reduced and the photoisomerization barrier is raised, thereby increasing the excited-state lifetime. The most striking finding, however, is that Y176H includes the structural properties of both the dark-adapted Pr and the light-activated Pfr state. While the chromophore adopts the Pr-typical ZZZssa configuration, the tongue segment of the protein adopts a Pfr-typical α-helical structure. This implies that Tyr176 plays a key role in coupling chromophore photoisomerization to the sheet-to-helix transition of the tongue and the final Pfr structure. This conclusion extends to plant phytochromes, where the homologous substitution causes light-independent signaling activity akin to that of Pfr.
title: Spektroskopie an einzelnen Halbleiter-Quantenpunkten : Aufbau zweier Tieftemperatur-Experimente
Creators: name: Schäfer, Gerhard Johannes
Publisher: name: University of Bayreuth
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Laserphysik
subject: Transienten-Reflexionsspektroskopie
subject: Resonanzfluoreszenz, geschlossener Kreislaufkryostat
subject: 530

description: In dieser Arbeit werden einige optische Experimente zur Untersuchung von einzelnen Halbleiter-Quantenpunkten beschrieben. Zu Beginn wird die Herstellung der Quantenpunkte erläutert und dabei auf die Tröpfchen-Ätz-Methode eingegangen. Diese Methode dient dazu, Galliumarsenid-Quantenpunkte in einer AlGaAs-Matrix herzustellen. Danach werden die grundlegenden optischen Eigenschaften der Quantenpunkte beschrieben. Ein spezielles Augenmerk wird dabei auf die Übergangsenergie des Exzitons und dessen Feinstrukturaufspaltung gelegt, die für die weiteren Experimente relevant sind. Zur Untersuchung der einzelnen Quantenpunkte sind Temperaturen von unter 10 K notwendig. Der, in den Experimenten verwendete Kryostat, ist ein geschlossener Kreislaufkryostat mit Pulsröhrenkühler. Aufgrund der Funktionsweise eines Pulsröhrenkühler können Vibrationen des Kühlers auf die Probe übertragen werden. Da bei der Untersuchung einzelner Quantenpunkte Vibrationen an der Probe störend sind, wurden diese zu Beginn charakterisiert. Dabei wurde festgestellt, dass die Vibrationen an der Probe geringer als 20 nm sind. Da Quantenpunkte als künstliche Atome betrachtet werden können, ist es möglich Resonanzfluoreszenz daran zu beobachten. Dafür wurde ein experimenteller Aufbau realisiert, bei dem ein einzelner Quantenpunkt kontinuierlich mit einem schmalbandigen Laser bestrahlt wird. Das vom Quantenpunkt abgegebene Licht wird mit einem 100-fach Mikroskopobjektiv eingesammelt und anschließend mit einer APD detektiert. Um das an der Probe reflektierte Anregungslicht abzublocken, werden gekreuzte Polarisatoren verwendet. Dabei konnte eine Unterdrückung von 4,15e−6 bei Raumtemperatur erreicht werden. Bei tiefen Temperaturen beträgt die Unterdrückung maximal 6,3e-5. Es wurde ebenfalls ein Experiment zur kohärenten Transienten-Reflexionsspektroskopie aufgebaut. Dabei wird der Quantenpunkt durch einen gepulsten Laser mit einer Repetitionsrate von 1 GHz angeregt und nach einer definierten Zeitverzögerung später mit Hilfe eines weiteren Laserpulses, die durch die Anregung veränderte Reflexion vermessen. Zur Detektion wird eine Zeilenkamera verwendet, die mit einer Ausleserate von bis zu 126 kHz abgefragt werden kann. Durch die hohe Repetitionsrate und Ausleserate ist es notwendig, das Experiment zeitlich sehr präzise zu steuern. Dafür wird ein FPGA verwendet und es wurde das hier beschriebene Auslese- und Auswerteprogramm entwickelt. Damit ist es möglich, Messungen an Quantenpunkten durchzuführen.
Additional file 2: of Randomised clinical trial: effect of low-FODMAP rye bread versus regular rye bread on the intestinal microbiota of irritable bowel syndrome patients: association with individual symptom variation
Creators: name: Laatikainen, Reijo
name: Jalanka, Jonna
name: Loponen, Jussi
name: Sanna-Maria Hongisto
name: HillilĂ¤, Markku
name: Koskenpato, Jari
name: Korpela, Riitta
name: Salonen, Anne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Figure S2. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) plot of genus-level data based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. Samples are colored according to intervention order symbols depicting the treatment. Percentage of the total microbiota variation explained by the treatment and the p-value were calculated with permutational multivariate ANOVA. (PDF 114 kb)
The mean king's problem: Prime degrees of freedom
Creators: name: Englert, Berthold-Georg
name: Aharonov, Yakir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how one can ascertain the values of a complete set of mutually complementary observables of a prime degree of freedom.
description: Originally submitted to Physical Review Letters; updated version now submitted to Physics Letters A
Barrier and finite size effects on the extension of topological surface-states into magnetic insulators
Creators: name: Fyhn, Eirik Holm
name: Bentmann, Hendrik
name: Linder, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay between magnetic and topological order can give rise to phenomena such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect. The extension of topological surface states into magnetic insulators (MIs) has been proposed as an alternative to using intrinsically magnetic topological insulators (TIs). Here, we theoretically study how this extension of surface states into a magnetic insulator are influenced both by the interface barrier potential separating a topological insulator and a magnetic insulator and by finite size effects in such structures. We find that the the gap in the surface states depends non-monotonically on the barrier strength. A small, but finite, barrier potential turns out to be advantageous as it permits the surface states to penetrate even further into the MI. Moreover, we find that due to finite size effects in thin samples, increasing the spin-splitting in the MI can actually decrease the gap of the surface states, in contrast to the usual expectation that the gap opens as the spin-splitting increases.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
"อิตถีลักษณ์คติ" ในเอกสารโบราณล้านนา: ความสัมพันธ์เชิงอำนาจระหว่างหญิง ชาย
Creators: name: พวงผกา ธรรมธิ
Publisher: name: Mae Fah Luang University
Year: 2021
Subjects: เพศศาสตร์
นรลักษณ์
ความสัมพันธ์เชิงอำนาจ
ผู้หญิงล้านนา
Sexology
Naralaksana
Power Relations
Lanna Women

description: MFU Connexion: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 10, 1, 25
Additional file 1: of â Mankind owes to the child the best that it has to giveâ : prison conditions and the health situation and rights of children incarcerated with their mothers in sub-Saharan African prisons
Creators: name: Marie-Claire Hout
name: Mhlanga-Gunda, Rosemary
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Summary of Records. The scoping review charting of records. (DOCX 93 kb)
title: Dialect-neutral indices of narrative cohesion and evaluation.
Creators: name: Burns, Frances A
name: De Villiers, Peter A
name: Pearson, Barbara Zurer
name: Champion, Tempii B
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: dialect
subject: narrative
subject: AAE
subject: assessment
subject: cohesion

description: Purpose: This study compared the development of essential elements of narrative skill in children from African American English (AAE)- and general American English (GAE)-speaking communities using an innovative elicitation and evaluation protocol consisting of four key indices of narrative language: (a) reference contrasting, (b) temporal expressions, (c) mental state descriptions, and (d) understanding of behavior based on false belief. Method: Participants were 291 AAE speakers and 238 GAE speakers, 4 to 9 years of age. Approximately one-third of both dialect groups were identified as having language impairments. Children generated 2 stories based on short picture sequences. Their stories were coded for the 4 key indices of narrative language. Analyses of variance were performed with subsets of the measures and a composite index with all measures combined as outcomes; and with age, dialect group, and clinical status as predictors. Results: Age and clinical status had statistically significant effects on the subset measures and the composite score. Variation between AAE and GAE dialect was not a significant factor. Conclusion: By focusing on dialect-neutral elements of narratives—creating links across sentences and providing mental state interpretations—this study adds to our knowledge of development and impairment in narrative production among both AAE- and GAE-background children.
KinFit -- A Kinematic Fitting Package for Hadron Physics Experiments
Creators: name: Esmail, Waleed
name: Rieger, Jana
name: Taylor, Jenny
name: Bohman, Malin
name: Schönning, Karin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A kinematic fitting package, KinFit, based on the Lagrange multiplier technique has been implemented for generic hadron physics experiments. It is particularly suitable for experiments where the interaction point is unknown, such as experiments with extended target volumes. The KinFit package includes vertex finding tools and fitting with kinematic constraints, such as mass hypothesis and four-momentum conservation, as well as combinations of these constraints. The new package is distributed as an open source software via GitHub.
 This paper presents a comprehensive description of the KinFit package and its features, as well as a benchmark study using Monte Carlo simulations of the $pp\rightarrow pK^+Λ\rightarrow pK^+pπ^-$ reaction. The results show that KinFit improves the parameter resolution and provides an excellent basis for event selection.
Stretching DNA: Role of electrostatic interaction
Creators: name: Lee, Namkyung
name: Thirumalai, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Quantitative Biology (q-bio)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The effect of electrostatic interactions on the stretching of DNA is investigated using a simple worm like chain model. In the limit of small force there are large conformational fluctuations which are treated using a self-consistent variational approach. For small values of the external force f, we find theoreticlly and by a simple blob picture that the extension scales as fr_D where r_D is the Debye screening length. In the limit of large force the electrostatic effects can be accounted for within the semiflexible chain model of DNA by assuming that only small excursions from rod-like conformations are possible. In this regime the extension approaches the contour length as f^{-1/2} where f is the magnitude of the external force. The theory is used to analyze experiments that have measured the extension of double-stranded DNA subject to tension at various salt concentrations. The theory reproduces nearly quantitatively the elastic response of DNA at small and large values of f and for all concentration of the monovalent counterions. The limitations of the theory are also pointed out.
description: 13 pages, Latex, 2 eps figures
Thermodynamic Properties of the Two-Dimensional Two-Component Plasma
Creators: name: Šamaj, L.
name: Travěnec, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The model under consideration is a two-dimensional two-component plasma, stable against collapse for the dimensionless coupling constant $β<2$. The combination of a technique of renormalized Mayer expansion with the mapping onto the sine-Gordon theory provides the full thermodynamics of the plasma in the whole stability range of $β$. The explicit forms of the density-fugacity relationship and of the specific heat (at constant volume) per particle are presented.
description: 23 pages
Additional file 1: of Randomised clinical trial: effect of low-FODMAP rye bread versus regular rye bread on the intestinal microbiota of irritable bowel syndrome patients: association with individual symptom variation
Creators: name: Laatikainen, Reijo
name: Jalanka, Jonna
name: Loponen, Jussi
name: Sanna-Maria Hongisto
name: HillilĂ¤, Markku
name: Koskenpato, Jari
name: Korpela, Riitta
name: Salonen, Anne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Figure S1. Patient flow. (PDF 102 kb)
Nonuniversality in short-time critical dynamics
Creators: name: Simoes, C. S.
name: de Felicio, J. R. Drugowich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study behaviour of dynamical critical exponents of the two-dimensional Ising model with a line of defects. Simulations done at an early time (first 100 Monte Carlo steps) reveal that the critical exponent of Janssen et al (Z. Phys. B 73 539) depends on the strength of the exchange coupling constant (J') of the altered line. On the other hand, our simulations permit us to conclude that the dynamical critical exponent z is not sensitive to changes in J'. In adition, we investigate the possible invariance of the anomalous dimension of the magnetization at the beginning of the process.
description: 8 figures
Spatially resolved rotation of the broad-line region of a quasar at sub-parsec scale
Creators: name: GRAVITY Collaboration
name: Sturm, E.
name: Dexter, J.
name: Pfuhl, O.
name: Stock, M. R.
name: Davies, R. I.
name: Lutz, D.
name: Clénet, Y.
name: Eckart, A.
name: Eisenhauer, F.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Gratadour, D.
name: Hönig, S. F.
name: Kishimoto, M.
name: Lacour, S.
name: Millour, F.
name: Netzer, H.
name: Perrin, G.
name: Peterson, B. M.
name: Petrucci, P. O.
name: Rouan, D.
name: Waisberg, I.
name: Woillez, J.
name: Amorim, A.
name: Brandner, W.
name: Schreiber, N. M. Förster
name: Garcia, P. J. V.
name: Gillessen, S.
name: Ott, T.
name: Paumard, T.
name: Perraut, K.
name: Scheithauer, S.
name: Straubmeier, C.
name: Tacconi, L. J.
name: Widmann, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The broadening of atomic emission lines by high-velocity motion of gas near accreting supermassive black holes is an observational hallmark of quasars. Observations of broad emission lines could potentially constrain the mechanism for transporting gas inwards through accretion disks or outwards through winds. The size of this broad-line region has been estimated by measuring the light travel time delay between the variable nuclear continuum and the emission lines - a method known as reverberation mapping. In some models the emission lines arise from a continuous outflow, whereas in others they are produced by orbiting gas clouds. Directly imaging such regions has not hitherto been possible because of their small angular sizes (< 0.1 milli-arcseconds). Here we report a spatial offset (with a spatial resolution of ten micro-arcseconds or about 0.03 parsecs for a distance of 550 million parsecs) between the red and blue photo-centres of the broad Paschen-α line of the quasar 3C 273 perpendicular to the direction of its radio jet. This spatial offset corresponds to a gradient in the velocity of the gas and thus implies that the gas is orbiting the central supermassive black hole. The data are well fitted by a broad-line-region model of a thick disk of gravitationally bound material orbiting a black hole of 300 million solar masses. We infer a disk radius of 150 light days; a radius of 100-400 light days was found previously using reverberation mapping. The rotation axis of the disk aligns in inclination and position angle with the radio jet. Our results support the methods that are often used to estimate the masses of accreting supermassive black holes and to study their evolution over cosmic time.
description: 19 pages including methods, Nature, in press. Press embargo until 1800 London time / 1300 US Eastern Nov 28
A lossless data hiding scheme in JPEG images with segment coding
Creators: name: Zhang, Mingming
name: Zhou, Quan
name: Hu, Yanlang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68U10

description: In this paper, we propose a lossless data hiding scheme in JPEG images. After quantified DCT transform, coefficients have characteristics that distribution in high frequencies is relatively sparse and absolute values are small. To improve encoding efficiency, we put forward an encoding algorithm that searches for a high frequency as terminate point and recode the coefficients above, so spare space is reserved to embed secret data and appended data with no file expansion. Receiver can obtain terminate point through data analysis, extract additional data and recover original JPEG images lossless. Experimental results show that the proposed method has a larger capacity than state-of-the-art works.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, 8 tables
Possibility of the tunneling time determination
Creators: name: Ruseckas, Julius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that it is impossible to determine the time a tunneling particle spends under the barrier. However, it is possible to determine the asymptotic time, i.e., the time the particle spends in a large area including the barrier. We propose a model of time measurements. The model provides a procedure for calculation of the asymptotic tunneling and reflection times. The model also demonstrates the impossibility of determination of the time the tunneling particle spends under the barrier. Examples for delta-form and rectangular barrier illustrate the obtained results.
description: 8 figures
Quantum-Mechanical Non-Perturbative Response of Driven Chaotic Mesoscopic Systems
Creators: name: Cohen, Doron
name: Kottos, Tsampikos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Consider a time-dependent Hamiltonian $H(Q,P;x(t))$ with periodic driving $x(t)=A\sin(Ωt)$. It is assumed that the classical dynamics is chaotic, and that its power-spectrum extends over some frequency range $|ω|A_{prt}$, where $A_{prt}\propto\hbar$, the system may have a relatively strong response for $Ω>ω_{cl}$, and the shape of the response function becomes $A$ dependent.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, revised version with much better introduction
title: Pompeian pigments. A glimpse into ancient Roman colouring materials
Creators: name: Grifa, Celestino
name: Germinario, Chiara
name: Pagano, Sabrina
name: Lepore, Andrea
name: De Bonis, Alberto
name: Mercurio, Mariano
name: Morra, Vincenzo
name: Zuchtriegel, Gabriel
name: Hay, Sophie
name: Esposito, Domenico
name: Amoretti, Valeria
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Pompeian pigments
subject: Roman pigments
subject: colouring materials
classificationCode: 930
subject: Geschichte des Altertums bis ca. 499, Archäologie

description: Pigments played a vital technological role by enabling the development of advanced artistic techniques, preserving cultural heritage through durable materials like frescoes and facilitating innovations in early chemistry, such as the creation of synthetic colouring compounds. This paper examines pigments found in some exceptional Pompeian contexts spanning the 3rd century BCE to the 79 CE eruption, covering almost the entire palette of an ancient painter made of natural and synthetic, inorganic and organic pigments. Their composition has been revealed thanks to a non-invasive analytical approach designed to preserve these invaluable archaeological resources, illuminating that the artists skillfully mixed the colouring materials to achieve an uncountable range of colour tones. Quantifying any individual colouring compound enables a review of recipes as reported by ancient sources and modern scientific literature and opens new scenarios in the artistic process that likely started in the pigmentarium. In the analysis of the mixtures, the role of Egyptian blue and red lead in the variation of shades, which are almost ubiquitous as additional components in paint mixtures, is worth noting. Ultimately, one of the samples uncovered the earliest known use of a light green compound containing baryte and alunite, providing the first definitive evidence of barium sulphate being utilized in the Mediterranean during ancient times.
Intertwined magnetic and nematic orders in semiconducting KFe$_{0.8}$Ag$_{1.2}$Te$_2$
Creators: name: Song, Yu
name: Cao, Huibo
name: Chakoumakos, B. C.
name: Zhao, Yang
name: Wang, Aifeng
name: Lei, Hechang
name: Petrovic, C.
name: Birgeneau, Robert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductivity in the iron pnictides emerges from metallic parent compounds exhibiting intertwined stripe-type magnetic order and nematic order, with itinerant electrons suggested to be essential for both. Here we use X-ray and neutron scattering to show that a similar intertwined state is realized in semiconducting KFe$_{0.8}$Ag$_{1.2}$Te$_2$ (K$_5$Fe$_4$Ag$_6$Te$_{10}$) without itinerant electrons. We find Fe atoms in KFe$_{0.8}$Ag$_{1.2}$Te$_2$ form isolated $2\times2$ blocks, separated by nonmagnetic Ag atoms. Long-range magnetic order sets in below $T_{\rm N}\approx35$ K, with magnetic moments within the $2\times2$ Fe blocks ordering into the stripe-type configuration. A nematic order accompanies the magnetic transition, manifest as a structural distortion that breaks the fourfold rotational symmetry of the lattice. The nematic orders in KFe$_{0.8}$Ag$_{1.2}$Te$_2$ and iron pnictide parent compounds are similar in magnitude and how they relate to the magnetic order, indicating a common origin. Since KFe$_{0.8}$Ag$_{1.2}$Te$_2$ is a semiconductor without itinerant electrons, this indicates that local-moment magnetic interactions are integral to its magnetic and nematic orders, and such interactions may play a key role in iron-based superconductivity.
description: supplemental material available upon request, to be published in PRL
Robust Monocular Depth Estimation under Challenging Conditions
Creators: name: Gasperini, Stefano
name: Morbitzer, Nils
name: Jung, HyunJun
name: Navab, Nassir
name: Tombari, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While state-of-the-art monocular depth estimation approaches achieve impressive results in ideal settings, they are highly unreliable under challenging illumination and weather conditions, such as at nighttime or in the presence of rain. In this paper, we uncover these safety-critical issues and tackle them with md4all: a simple and effective solution that works reliably under both adverse and ideal conditions, as well as for different types of learning supervision. We achieve this by exploiting the efficacy of existing methods under perfect settings. Therefore, we provide valid training signals independently of what is in the input. First, we generate a set of complex samples corresponding to the normal training ones. Then, we train the model by guiding its self- or full-supervision by feeding the generated samples and computing the standard losses on the corresponding original images. Doing so enables a single model to recover information across diverse conditions without modifications at inference time. Extensive experiments on two challenging public datasets, namely nuScenes and Oxford RobotCar, demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques, outperforming prior works by a large margin in both standard and challenging conditions. Source code and data are available at: https://md4all.github.io.
description: ICCV 2023. Source code and data: https://md4all.github.io
Additional file 1: of A pilot study of improvised CPAP (iCPAP) via face mask for the treatment of adult respiratory distress in low-resource settings
Creators: name: Milliner, Brendan
name: Bentley, Suzanne
name: DuCanto, James
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Post-trial questionnaire. (DOCX 13Â kb)
Supplementary document for Simple few-shot method for spectrally resolving the wavefront of an ultrashort laser pulse - 6856612.pdf
Creators: name: Smartsev, Slava
name: Liberman, Aaron
name: Andriyash, Igor
name: Cavagna, Antoine
name: FLACCO, ALESSANDRO
name: Giaccaglia, Camilla
name: Kaur, Jaismeen
name: Monzac, Josephine
name: Tata, Sheroy
name: Vernier, Aline
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental Document
Geometrisation of quantum formalism
Creators: name: Olkhov, O. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the Dirac equation can be rewritten as a relation describing the fundamental symmetry group of special topological manifold corresponding to the Dirac wave field. It leads to unification of the time-space and internal symmetries within one symmetry group. We suppose that nonelectromagnetic interactions appear within such approach as the deviations of the metrics from the euclidian form. The expression for the long-range part of "effective" nucleon-nucleon potential is derived using this assumption.
description: 4 pages, LaTex
Hamiltonian learning with real-space impurity tomography in topological moire superconductors
Creators: name: Khosravian, Maryam
name: Koch, Rouven
name: Lado, Jose L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extracting Hamiltonian parameters from available experimental data is a challenge in quantum materials. In particular, real-space spectroscopy methods such as scanning tunneling spectroscopy allow probing electronic states with atomic resolution, yet even in those instances extracting effective Hamiltonian is an open challenge. Here we show that impurity states in modulated systems provide a promising approach to extracting non-trivial Hamiltonian parameters of a quantum material. We show that by combining the real-space spectroscopy of different impurity locations in a moire topological superconductor, modulations of exchange and superconducting parameters can be inferred via machine learning. We demonstrate our strategy with a physically-inspired harmonic expansion combined with a fully-connected neural network that we benchmark against a conventional convolutional architecture. We show that while both approaches allow extracting exchange modulations, only the former approach allows inferring the features of the superconducting order. Our results demonstrate the potential of machine learning methods to extract Hamiltonian parameters by real-space impurity spectroscopy as local probes of a topological state.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Analysis of factors of software development effort and productivity - supplementary materials
Creators: name: Radlinski, Lukasz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Development effort
Development productivity
Software projects
Statistical analysis
ISBSG

description: This is a supplementary material for the paper Analysis of factors of software development effort and productivity to be published in the Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information & Engineering Systems (KES) 2021 conference. Details on experimental part of data preparation and model learning and evaluation. According to the ISBSG licence terms the raw ISBSG dataset cannot be published. That is why attached documents only explain the use of the dataset without revealing its content.
Characterisation of an n-type segmented BEGe detector
Creators: name: Abt, I.
name: Caldwell, A.
name: Donmez, B.
name: Etrillard, C.
name: Gooch, C.
name: Hauertmann, L.
name: Lampert, M. O.
name: Liao, H.
name: Liu, X.
name: Ma, H.
name: Majorovits, B.
name: Schulz, O.
name: Schuster, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A four-fold segmented n-type point-contact "Broad Energy" high-purity germanium detector, SegBEGe, has been characterised at the Max-Planck-Institut für Physik in Munich. The main characteristics of the detector are described and first measurements concerning the detector properties are presented. The possibility to use mirror pulses to determine source positions is discussed as well as charge losses observed close to the core contact.
title: Understanding virus-host interactions using artificial intelligence
Creators: name: Liu, Dan
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2025

description: Viruses are associated with a wide range of hosts, encompassing all cellular life: humans, animals, plants and bacteria. Virus-host interactions are complex and diverse across species, mostly mediated by protein-protein interactions (PPIs). PPIs play important roles in essential biological activities, including forming protein complexes or more transient interactions in the context signalling pathways, regulatory networks etc., some of which are important for virus infection such as viral entry and replication. Understanding PPI mechanisms is helpful for revealing virus-host interactions, identifying PPIs associated with diseases and discovering potential therapeutic targets. However, the host specificity of most viruses remains unknown, and PPI networks remain sparse except for a few well-studied host species such as human. In this thesis, we developed computational approaches to predict host species of viruses and PPIs from genomes and corresponding protein sequences alone. Firstly, we introduce EvoMIL, a deep learning framework that leverages the protein language model (PLM) for viral protein representations and trains a multiple instance learning (MIL) model to predict prokaryotic and eukaryotic host species. We show that EvoMIL improves the accuracy of host species prediction and can identify key viral proteins that contribute to host specificity. Next, we introduce a deep-learning model, PLM-interact, jointly encoding protein pairs to learn protein interactions, analogous to the nextsentence prediction task in natural language processing (NLP). We show that PLM-interact improves PPI prediction in the intra-species benchmarking task and can identify mutational impacts of human PPIs. We show that PLM-interact can be implemented to predict virus-host PPIs. To enhance training datasets, we construct a dataset by integrating seven public virus-human PPI databases. We introduce three data-splitting strategies to create training, validation and test datasets where training and test sets have varying protein similarities, enabling comprehensive model evaluation. We discover that fine-tuning the human model on virus-human PPIs improves virus-human PPI prediction, offering the potential for developing a generalizable PPI model. In summary, this thesis aims to use deep learning techniques to predict the host specificity for viruses and identify PPIs within and between species using protein sequences. This broadens our view of virus-host interactions and provides insights into developing vaccines, drugs and therapies for human diseases.
Superfluorescent decay in quasiballistic disordered systems
Creators: name: Zyuzin, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superfluorescent decay in a weakly disordered slab is considered. By solving the Maxwell-Bloch equations we show, that the cooperation number increases with increasing of the mean free path. Superfluorescent impulse is emitted at a small angle to the slab, isotropically in a plane direction.
description: submitted to Europhys.Lett
Node Diversification in Complex Networks by Decentralized Coloring
Creators: name: Garcia-Lebron, Richard
name: Myers, David J.
name: Xu, Shouhuai
name: Sun, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a decentralized coloring approach to diversify the nodes in a complex network. The key is the introduction of a local conflict index that measures the color conflicts arising at each node which can be efficiently computed using only local information. We demonstrate via both synthetic and real-world networks that the proposed approach significantly outperforms random coloring as measured by the size of the largest color-induced connected component. Interestingly, for scale-free networks further improvement of diversity can be achieved by tuning a degree-biasing weighting parameter in the local conflict index.