cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ubiquitous High Speed Transition Region and Coronal Upflows in the Quiet Sun
Creators: name: Mcintosh, Scott W.
name: De Pontieu, Bart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the line profiles of a range of transition region (TR) emission lines observed in typical quiet Sun regions. In magnetic network regions, the Si IV 1402Å, C IV 1548Å, N V 1238Å, O VI 1031Å, and Ne VIII 770Å spectral lines show significant asymmetry in the blue wing of the emission line profiles. We interpret these high-velocity upflows in the lower and upper TR as the quiet Sun equivalent of the recently discovered upflows in the low corona above plage regions (Hara et al., 2008). The latter have been shown to be directly associated with high-velocity chromospheric spicules that are (partially) heated to coronal temperatures and play a significant role in supplying the active region corona with hot plasma (DePontieu et al., 2009}. We show that a similar process likely dominates the quiet Sun network. We provide a new interpretation of the observed quiet Sun TR emission in terms of the relentless mass transport between the chromosphere and corona - a mixture of emission from dynamic episodic heating and mass injection into the corona as well as that from the previously filled, slowly cooling, coronal plasma. Analysis of the observed upflow component shows that it carries enough hot plasma to play a significant role in the energy and mass balance of the quiet corona. We determine the temperature dependence of the upflow velocities to constrain the acceleration and heating mechanism that drives these upflows. We also show that the temporal characteristics of these upflows suggest an episodic driver that sometimes leads to quasi-periodic signals. We suggest that at least some of the quasi-periodicities observed with coronal imagers and spectrographs that have previously been interpreted as propagating magnetoacoustic waves, may instead be caused by these upflows.
description: 10 pages, 15 figures. In press ApJ. Higher resolution figures, and movies supporting them, can be found at http://download.hao.ucar.edu/pub/mscott/papers/QS/
Lagrangian approach to origami vertex analysis: Kinematics
Creators: name: Grasinger, Matthew
name: Gillman, Andrew
name: Buskohl, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of origami in engineering has significantly expanded in recent years, spanning deployable structures across scales, folding robotics, and mechanical metamaterials. However, finding foldable paths can be a formidable task as the kinematics are determined by a nonlinear system of equations, often with several degrees of freedom. In this work, we leverage a Lagrangian approach to derive reduced-order compatibility conditions for rigid-facet origami vertices with reflection and rotational symmetries. Then, using the reduced-order conditions, we derive exact, multi-degree of freedom solutions for degree 6 and degree 8 vertices with prescribed symmetries. The exact kinematic solutions allow us to efficiently investigate the topology of allowable kinematics, including the consideration of a self-contact constraint, and then visually interpret the role of geometric design parameters on these admissible fold paths by monitoring the change in the kinematic topology. We then introduce a procedure to construct lower symmetry kinematic solutions by breaking symmetry of higher order kinematic solutions in a systematic way that preserves compatibility. The multi-degree of freedom solutions discovered here should assist with building intuition of the kinematic feasibility of higher degree origami vertices and also facilitate the development of new algorithmic procedures for origami-engineering design.
description: Electronic supplementary information can be found at the published article, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0203
Targeting metacaspase-3 from Plasmodium falciparum towards antimalarial therapy: A combined approach of in-silico and in-vitro investigation
Creators: name: Bhumika Kumar
name: Taj Mohammad
name: Amaduddin
name: Hussain, Afzal
name: Asimul Islam
name: Faizan Ahmad
name: Alajmi, Mohamed F.
name: Shailja Singh
name: Pandey, Kailash C.
name: Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
name: Abid, Mohammad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Malaria is a global challenge, and its infection is propagated through Plasmodium falciparum, an obligate human parasite. The genome of P. falciparum encodes many proteases that play significant roles in their survival and pathogenesis thus being considered as attractive drug targets. P. falciparum metacaspase-3 (PfMCA3) is one such protease and a validated drug target to control malarial infection. First, we modeled the three-dimensional structure of PfMCA3 and predicted its ligand-binding pocket. The structural features of PfMCA3 were used for virtual screening followed by docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies to identify potent inhibitors. We used an in-house library of 513 compounds for screening to identify lead molecule fits well in the active site pocket of PfMCA3. The binding affinity and mechanism were investigated by combined docking and MD simulation studies. Docking studies reveal that the selected compounds are forming enough number of non-covalent interactions to the PfMCA3. In the enzyme inhibition assay, one of the selected compounds, H6 was found with appreciable inhibitory potential. MD simulation studies further support the binding of compound H6 with PfMCA3 and formation of a stable complex throughout the simulation trajectory. Taken together, we proposed that compound H6 is a promising lead scaffold that can be further exploited as a potential inhibitor of PfMCA3 for therapeutic management of malarial infection. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Identifying new piperazine-based PARP1 inhibitors using text mining and integrated molecular modeling approaches
Creators: name: Sahin, Kader
name: Durdagi, Serdar
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: One of the important molecular targets for antitumor drug discovery is the polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1) enzyme. It is linked with various biological functions including DNA repair and apoptosis. It is primarily a nuclear enzyme linked to chromatin, which is activated by DNA damage. Improved expression of PARP1 in melanomas, breast cancer, lung cancer and other neoplastic diseases is often observed. A tremendous PARP research concerning cancer and ischemia is progressing very rapidly. There are currently four PARP1 inhibitors approved by the FDA on the market, namely Olaparib, Rucaparib, Niraparib and Talazoparib. All of these molecules are non-selective inhibitors of PARP1. Currently there is an urgent need for novel and selective PARP1 inhibitors. In this work, asmall molecule database (Specs SC) were used to identify the new selective lead inhibitors of PARP1. Piperazine scaffold is an important fragment that is used in many currently used FDA approved drugs in different diseases including PARP1 inhibitor Olaparib. Thus, based on text mining studies, 4674 compounds thatinclude piperazine fragments were identified and virtually screened at the binding pocket of target protein PARP1. Compounds that have high docking scores were used in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Free energy calculations were also performed to compare the predicted binding energies with known PARP1 inhibitors. The critical amino acid interactions of these newly identified hits in the binding pocket were also investigated in detail for better understanding of the structural features required for next generation PARP1 inhibitors. Thus, here together with combination of text-mining and integrated molecular modeling approaches, we identified novel piperazine-based hits against PARP1 enzyme. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
title: A statistical approach to evaluate the parametrisation of turbulence in convection-permitting models using radar-retrieved eddy dissipation rates
Creators: name: Feist, Matthew
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: The effects of turbulence on the evolution of convective clouds remains uncertain both in observations and in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. Turbulent processes remain parametrised in convection-permitting models (CPMs), and simulated clouds remain highly sensitive to the configuration of sub-filter turbulence schemes. It remains unclear whether assumptions implicit in these schemes are valid for CPMs, indicating the need for thorough evaluation of their performance using observations; the primary aim of this thesis. Eddy dissipation rates ε, are retrieved in radar data by applying a comprehensive method to infer the turbulent component of the Doppler spectrum variance. Hydrometeor fall-speed variances are shown to be negligible when sampling at elevations lower than 11.5°. Shear is calculated directly by applying a linear velocity model to Doppler velocities. New equations are presented to account for variance from azimuthal shear – an unseen dimension in rangeheight scans. Resulting values of ε are insensitive to the scale over which shear is calculated. A thorough statistical analysis of ε in observed clouds suitable for model evaluation is presented for the first time. Retrievals of ε were analysed for two contrasting case studies; shallow “shower” clouds and more vigorous “deep” clouds. Values of ε range from 10−3 − 10−1 m2 s −3 in shower clouds and from 10−3 − 1 m2 s −3 in deep clouds. Turbulent intensity increases with height in deep clouds while remaining constant in shower clouds. In both cases, significant positive correlations are demonstrated between ε and many cloud characteristics. The strongest correlations are found between the velocity and horizontal shear in updrafts. Coherent features of ε are found to have typical spatial scales of 0.5 – 1 km. Results are compared with equivalent statistics derived in 100-m and 55-m grid-length Met Office Unified Model simulations of the observed cases to evaluate the SmagorinskyLilly sub-grid mixing scheme. Simulated turbulence is characterised by small, intense regions of ε more strongly co-located with shear around updrafts than observed. The 95th and 99th percentiles of model ε are one and two orders of magnitude larger than observations, respectively, with similar median values. Values of ε increase consistently with the mixing length and appear insensitive to grid-length suggesting 100-m was sufficient to resolve an inertial sub-range.
Analysis of economic viability of personal ceiling fans using building simulation
Creators: name: Knudsen, Mattis
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2021

description: The present work addresses the question of economic viability of ceiling fans in comparison to different cooling concepts for office buildings. An office building in southern Germany that had been refurbished and supplied with a night ventilation system and ceiling fans was modelled. This model was used to compute the parameters to evaluate the indoor air. Occupant behaviour for working hours, window opening behaviour, and ceiling fan usage was deduced from available models and monitoring data. The available data for the inside air temperature served the calibration process of unknown parameters and the validation of the whole model. Four different concepts were implemented to the model: night ventilation with ceiling fans, as installed in the examined building, air-conditioning system, night ventilation without ceiling fans, and a system with no cooling or ventilation. Processing the simulation results, thermal discomfort hours due to warm indoor temperatures in the building was assessed. Namely, the predicted mean vote (PMV) and thermal sensation vote (TSV) were calculated and compared amongst the different concepts. A productivity evaluation depending on the indoor air climate served the overall economic assessment. Together with the simulation results for the cooling energy demand and the costs related to the component installations and maintenance, the four concepts were compared by means of the monetary value of each. The results show a positive impact on the monetary costs of night ventilation in comparison to the system without cooling or ventilation, as the productivity improvement outweighs the costs of components and electricity. The benefits of an additional ceiling fan installation are limited due to the relatively low outdoor temperatures in summer observed at the analysed location. The positive effect is diminished further by the high investment costs that result from the ceiling fan as custom-made solution. Future work should assess the economic viability of ceiling fans for warmer environments.
The effect of dipole-dipole interaction for two atoms with different couplings in non-Markovian environment
Creators: name: Li, Yang
name: Zhou, Jiang
name: Guo, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the nonperturbative method, we study the exact entanglement dynamics of two two-level dipole-dipole interacting atoms coupled to a common non-Markovian reservoir with different coupling strengths. Besides analyzing the conditions for the existence of steady state, we find, though the dipole-dipole interaction could destroy the stationary entanglement, that relatively strong dipole-dipole interaction does suppress the disentanglement in the initial period of time. These results are helpful for the practical engineering of the entanglement in the future.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
title: Long term finance programmes in the banking industry: the case of Islamic & traditional Arab banks
Creators: name: Ashour, Yousif Hussein M.
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: This research draws empirically a clear and comprehensive picture of long term programme finance in the Islamic and traditional Arab banking industries: Islamic banking industry is examined through musharaka, mudaraba, murabaha and muzaraha and; traditional banking industry is examined through lending. It pioneers and lays out the foundation of the research in this area. A survey was conducted on long term finance programmes in both the Islamic and traditional banking industries. A total of 109 banks were surveyes, 34 of which were Islamic banks. One main obstacle encountered in the research investigation was collecting the required primary data from banks. The research investigates questions related to the differences between groups and subgroups of banks: a) Islamic banks and traditional banks; b) Islamic banks located in Islamic economies and Islamic banks located in non Islamic economies; c) commercial banks and specialised banks; d) younger banks and older banks and e) smaller banks and larger banks. The findings of the research investigation suggests that there is generally a lack of differences amongst groups and subgroups of banks in terms of size, growth, ownership and long term finance programme performance. The performance is determined in terms of proportion of resources, involvement, required rate of return and the degree of success in long term finance programmes. Apart from the basis of their operations, Islamic banks differ from traditional banks in their age, growth, involvement and the required rate of return on long term finance programmes. The research investigates the practice and the importance of four Islamic finance politics namely; musharaka, mudaraba, murabaha and muzaraha to long term finance in the Islamic banking industry. The findings suggest that musharaka, mudaraba and murabaha are equally important: muzaraha is the least used in the long term finance programmes in the Islamic banking industry. The analysis of 80 hypotheses lead to 18 being accepted and 62 being rejected. Although some hypotheses are more important than others the findings suggest that the literature of banking is in bad need for further empirical research investigations.
Exploring the combination characteristics of lumefantrine, an antimalarial drug and human serum albumin through spectroscopic and molecular docking studies
Creators: name: Kabiru Abubakar Musa
name: Nor Farrah Wahidah Ridzwan
name: Saharuddin B. Mohamad
name: Tayyab, Saad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Binding of lumefantrine (LUM), an antimalarial drug to human serum albumin (HSA), the main carrier protein in human blood circulation was investigated using fluorescence quenching titration, UV-vis absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy as well as molecular docking. LUM-induced quenching of the protein (HSA) fluorescence was characterized as static quenching, as revealed by the decrease in the value of the Stern-Volmer quenching constant, Ksv with increasing temperature, thus suggesting LUM-HSA complex formation. This was also confirmed from the UV-vis absorption spectral results. Values of the association constant, Ka for LUM-HSA interaction were found to be within the range, 7.27-5.01 × 104 M-1 at three different temperatures, i.e., 288 K, 298 K and 308 K, which indicated moderate binding affinity between LUM and HSA. The LUM-HSA complex was stabilized by hydrophobic interactions, H-bonds, as well as van der Waals forces, as predicted from the thermodynamic data (ΔS = +50.34 J mol -1 K -1 and ΔH = ̶ 12.3 kJ mol -1) of the binding reaction. Far-UV and near-UV CD spectral results demonstrated smaller changes in both secondary and tertiary structures of HSA upon LUM binding, while three-dimensional fluorescence spectra suggested alterations in the microenvironment around protein fluorophores (Trp and Tyr). LUM binding to HSA offered stability to the protein against thermal stress. Competitive drug displacement results designated Sudlow’s Site I, located in subdomain IIA of HSA as the preferred binding site of LUM on HSA, which was well supported by molecular docking analysis.
Targeting metacaspase-3 from Plasmodium falciparum towards antimalarial therapy: A combined approach of in-silico and in-vitro investigation
Creators: name: Bhumika Kumar
name: Taj Mohammad
name: Amad Uddin
name: Hussain, Afzal
name: Asimul Islam
name: Faizan Ahmad
name: Alajmi, Mohamed F.
name: Shailja Singh
name: Pandey, Kailash C.
name: Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
name: Abid, Mohammad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Malaria is a global challenge, and its infection is propagated through Plasmodium falciparum, an obligate human parasite. The genome of P. falciparum encodes many proteases that play significant roles in their survival and pathogenesis thus being considered as an attractive drug target. P. falciparum metacaspase-3 (PfMCA3) is one such protease and a validated drug target to control malarial infection. First, we modeled the three-dimensional structure of PfMCA3. The structural features of PfMCA3 were used for high throughput screening followed by docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies to identify potent inhibitors. We used an in-house library of 513 compounds for screening to identify lead molecule fits well in the active site pocket of PfMCA3. The binding affinity and mechanism were investigated by combined docking and MD simulation studies. Docking studies reveal that compound H6 is forming enough number of non-covalent interactions to the PfMCA3. MD simulation studies further support the binding mechanism and formation of a consistent number of hydrogen bonds throughout the simulation trajectory. Finally, a selected compound (H6) was subjected to enzyme inhibition assay and found appreciable inhibitory potential. Taken together, we proposed that compound H6 is a promising lead scaffold that can be further exploited as a potential inhibitor of PfMCA3 for therapeutic management of malarial infection.
title: Social learning in depression: evidence from computational modelling, neuroimaging, and neurotransmitter depletion
Creators: name: Frey, Anna-Lena
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: Major depressive disorder is commonly associated with altered processing of social stimuli, as well as with impaired learning from non-social outcomes. While a plethora of research has examined these aspects in isolation, few integration attempts have been made. That is to say, studies that examine social learning in depression and link task-based measures to real-life interpersonal experiences are lacking. Given that learning from social outcomes is crucial for successful interpersonal interactions, it is important to assess how this process may be affected in depression. The current work aimed to address this question, on both the behavioural and the neural level. Specifically, study 1 explored task-based social learning in individuals with high (HD) and low (LD) depressive symptomatology and related learning parameters derived from computational modelling to reports of everyday social experiences. Study 2 extended this approach to the neural level, examining how the neural encoding of social learning signals is altered in HD subjects and how these alterations relate to real-life interpersonal experiences. Moreover, study 3 investigated the involvement of different neurotransmitters in the learning process by assessing neural and behavioural responses during social learning after dietary dopamine or serotonin (precursor) depletion in healthy volunteers. It was found that HD individuals demonstrated deficits in social learning, which were associated with increased experiences of negative interpersonal encounters (study 1) and reduced social engagement motivation (study 2) in everyday life. In addition, HD subjects displayed altered social reward prediction signals in the insula, temporal lobe and parietal lobe, the latter of which were linked to decreased real-life social engagement motivation (study 2). Notably, the changes in social reward prediction encoding observed in HD individuals closely resembled those found in healthy subjects after serotonin depletion, while predictionrelated dopamine depletion effects were mainly seen in frontal cortex areas (study 3). These findings suggest that depression symptoms are associated with impaired social learning responses, on both the behavioural and the neural level, which are linked to changes in reallife social experiences and may be underpinned by altered serotonin functioning.
A discrete-time epidemic SISI model
Creators: name: Shoyimardonov, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37N25, 92D30

description: We consider a discrete-time epidemic SISI model in case when the population size is a constant, so the per capita death rate is equal to per capita birth rate. The evolution operator of this model is a non-linear operator which depends on seven parameters. Reducing it to a quadratic stochastic operator, we prove uniqueness of interior fixed point of the operator and study the limit behavior of the trajectory under some conditions to parameters.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 1 of The conceptual framework for a combined food literacy and physical activity intervention to optimize metabolic health among women of reproductive age in urban Uganda
Creators: name: Yiga, Peter
name: Van Lippevelde, Wendy
name: Seghers, Jan
name: Ogwok, Patrick
name: Tafiire, Henry
name: Muluuta, Susan Nakaayi
name: Matthys, Christophe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 1 of Metabolic engineering of Rhodotorula toruloides IFO0880 improves C16 and C18 fatty alcohol production from synthetic media
Creators: name: Schultz, J. Carl
name: Mishra, Shekhar
name: Gaither, Emily
name: Mejia, Andrea
name: Dinh, Hoang
name: Maranas, Costas
name: Zhao, Huimin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Figure S1. Glucose consumption of 880CF, 880CF-DGA1Δ, and 880CF-LRO1Δ. Table S1. DNA sequences of heterologous, codon-optimized genes evaluated in this study. Table S2. List of gRNAs used in this study. Table S3. List of Mycocosm proteinIDs for R. toruloides IFO0880 gene targets in this study. Table S4. List of R. toruloides strains used in this study. Table S5. Results of lipidomic comparison of 880CF, 880CF-DGA1Δ, and 880CF-LRO1Δ. Table S6. List of primers used in this study. Table S7. List of plasmids used in this study. Table S8. List of lipidomics internal standards and their absolute amounts used for spike-in.
Compositional 3D-aware Video Generation with LLM Director
Creators: name: Zhu, Hanxin
name: He, Tianyu
name: Tang, Anni
name: Guo, Junliang
name: Chen, Zhibo
name: Bian, Jiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Significant progress has been made in text-to-video generation through the use of powerful generative models and large-scale internet data. However, substantial challenges remain in precisely controlling individual concepts within the generated video, such as the motion and appearance of specific characters and the movement of viewpoints. In this work, we propose a novel paradigm that generates each concept in 3D representation separately and then composes them with priors from Large Language Models (LLM) and 2D diffusion models. Specifically, given an input textual prompt, our scheme consists of three stages: 1) We leverage LLM as the director to first decompose the complex query into several sub-prompts that indicate individual concepts within the video~(\textit{e.g.}, scene, objects, motions), then we let LLM to invoke pre-trained expert models to obtain corresponding 3D representations of concepts. 2) To compose these representations, we prompt multi-modal LLM to produce coarse guidance on the scales and coordinates of trajectories for the objects. 3) To make the generated frames adhere to natural image distribution, we further leverage 2D diffusion priors and use Score Distillation Sampling to refine the composition. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method can generate high-fidelity videos from text with diverse motion and flexible control over each concept. Project page: \url{https://aka.ms/c3v}.
Look beyond additivity and extensivity of entropy for black hole and cosmological horizons
Creators: name: Dabrowski, Mariusz P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comparative analysis of the plethora of nonextensive and/or nonadditive entropies which go beyond the standard Boltzmann-Gibbs formulation. After defining the basic notions of additivity, extensivity, and composability, we discuss the properties of these entropies and their mutual relations, if they exist. The results are presented in two informative tables supposedly of strong interest to gravity and cosmology community in the context of intensively explored recent days the horizon entropies for black hole and cosmological models. This is since gravitational systems admit long-range interactions which usually lead to a break of the standard additivity rule for thermodynamical systems composed of subsystems in Boltzmann-Gibbs thermodynamics. The features of additivity, extensivity, and the composability are listed systematically. Some brief discussion on the validity of the notion of equilibrium temperature for nonextensive systems is also presented.
description: 19 pages, 2 tables, matches published version in "Entropy" journal
Supplemental Material
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Raya, Tasio
name: Mena, Arturo
name: Lazo, Miriam
name: Leggio, Luca
name: Novoa, David
name: Sanz, Mikel
Publisher: name: AIP Publishing
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supplemental Material file
Challenges in Cosmic Magnification Reconstruction by Magnification Response
Creators: name: Zhou, Shuren
name: Zhang, Pengjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic magnification on the observed galaxy overdensity is a promising weak gravitational lensing tracer. Current cosmic magnification reconstruction algorithms, ABS (Analytical method of Blind Separation) and cILC (constrained Internal Linear Combination), intend to disentangle the weak lensing signal using the magnification response in various flux bins. In this work, we reveal an unrecognized systematic bias arising from the difference between galaxy bias and the galaxy-lensing cross-correlation bias, due to the mismatch between the weak lensing kernel and the redshift distribution of photometric objects. It results into a galaxy-lensing degeneracy, which invalidates ABS as an exact solution. Based on the simulated cosmoDC2 galaxies, we verify that the recovered weak lensing amplitude by ABS is biased low by $\sim10\%$. cILC, including a modified version proposed here, also suffers from systematic bias of comparable amplitude. Combining flux and color information leads to significant reduction in statistical errors, but fails to eliminate the aforementioned bias. With the presence of this newly found systematic, it remains a severe challenge in blindly and robustly separating the cosmic magnification from the galaxy intrinsic clustering.
description: 8 pages and 4 figures in the main text. Accepted for publication in Physical Review D
title: AngioRM 3T de arterias renales: correlación entre estudios sin y con contraste intravenoso.
Creators: name: del Riego Fernandez-Nespral, Covadonga
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dysplasias
subject: Arteriosclerosis
subject: MR-Angiography
subject: Vascular
subject: Arteries / Aorta

description: Objetivos
Material y método
Resultados
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivos:
La estenosis de arterias renales (EAR) secundaria a cambios ateroescleróticos en la pared vascular o bien a fibrodisplasia muscular es causa probada y reversible de hipertensión arterial (HTA) secundaria. Además de un tratamiento médico...
title: Marcando el ritmo con la placa de tórax
Creators: name: Sagasta Urrutia, Jone
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Thorax
subject: Anatomy
subject: Conventional radiography

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
- Dar a conocer la importancia que tiene la placa simple de tórax en la colocación y posterior seguimiento de un dispositivo cardíaco. - Describir cómo se hace una correcta lectura de una radiografía de un paciente portador de un DC...
Holographic phase transition from dyons in an AdS black hole background
Creators: name: Lugo, A. R.
name: Moreno, E. F.
name: Schaposnik, F. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a dyon solution for a Yang-Mills-Higgs theory in a 4 dimensional Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter black hole background with temperature T. We then apply the AdS/CFT correspondence to describe the strong coupling regime of a 2+1 quantum field theory which undergoes a phase transition exhibiting the condensation of a composite charge operator below a critical temperature $T_c$.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures. Minor corrections, references added. Version published in JHEP.
title: Tratamiento endovascular de las disecciones agudas tipo B de Aorta mediante el uso combinado de stent recubiertos y stent metálicos.
Creators: name: Peris Pérez, Maria Luisa
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Aneurysms
subject: Stents
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: Arteries / Aorta

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
Determinar el beneficio del uso combinado de stents recubiertos en aorta torácica proximal y de stenst no recubiertos en aorta distal en el tratamiento de la disección aórtica tipo B de Stanford...
Rational numbers with purely periodic $β$-expansion
Creators: name: Adamczewski, Boris
name: Frougny, Christiane
name: Siegel, Anne
name: Steiner, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11A63, 11J72, 11R06, 28A80, 37B50

description: We study real numbers $β$ with the curious property that the $β$-expansion of all sufficiently small positive rational numbers is purely periodic. It is known that such real numbers have to be Pisot numbers which are units of the number field they generate. We complete known results due to Akiyama to characterize algebraic numbers of degree 3 that enjoy this property. This extends results previously obtained in the case of degree 2 by Schmidt, Hama and Imahashi. Let $γ(β)$ denote the supremum of the real numbers $c$ in $(0,1)$ such that all positive rational numbers less than $c$ have a purely periodic $β$-expansion. We prove that $γ(β)$ is irrational for a class of cubic Pisot units that contains the smallest Pisot number $η$. This result is motivated by the observation of Akiyama and Scheicher that $γ(η)=0.666 666 666 086 ...$ is surprisingly close to 2/3.
The Expected Number of Olympic Medals: A Case Study of Team Portugal at Tokyo 2020
Creators: name: Barbosa, Tiago Manuel
Publisher: name: Motricidade
Year: 2021

description: The 2020 Summer Olympic Games reached to an end in Tokyo, Japan. Even though all the hiccups, constraints, and challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Games were successfully held in August 2021. For the first time in history, Team Portugal won four medals (one gold, one silver, and two bronzes). In 2018 the Portuguese Olympic Committee signed a contract with the Portuguese Institute of Sport and Youth (i.e., Portuguese government) listing the deliverables of the mission Tokyo 2020 against a funding scheme of 18.5 million euros (Contrato n.º 33-A/2018; Contrato -Programa de Desenvolvimento Desportivo n.º CP/1/DDF/2018). The document sets, among other goals and deliverables, that no less than two medals would be won at Tokyo 2020 (section IV.1. of the contract). On the road to Tokyo, Portugal got more than two medallists at World Championships in several Olympic sports. Indeed, there were six to eight potential medallists at the 2020 Olympic Games (O Jogo, 2021). There is evidence that just one-third to one-fourth of the Olympic athletes are able to excel and outperform at the Olympic Games. In the sport of competitive swimming, just 29.82% of all male Olympians and 53.84% of the finalists at Rio 2016 improved their entry times (Barbosa, 2016a). On average, only 30% of the swimmers were able to improve their entry time at the 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games (Barbosa, 2016b). At Rio 2016, Team Portugal was expected to win two medals out of nine potential medallists, i.e., almost 25% of effectiveness (Garcia, 2016). Thus, one can wonder if the Portuguese Olympic Committee was sensible, assuming that two athletes would reach the podium spot out of six to eight potential medallists. Also, it begs the question if the four medals won were an outstanding achievement, deemed as a substantial improvement of the Portuguese sports system or, if alternatively, the Portuguese Olympic Committee underestimated the number of medals that the country could win.
description: Motricidade, Vol. 17 No. 3 (2021): Motricidade
Culture, Policies, and a Move to Integrate an Assets-based Approach to Development in the Portuguese Sport System
Creators: name: Santos, Fernando
name: Camiré, Martin
name: MacDonald, Dany J.
name: Strachan, Leisha
name: Ferreira, Marta
name: Rathwell, Scott
Publisher: name: Motricidade
Year: 2021

description: The purpose of this article is to propose the integration of an assets-based approach to development in the Portuguese sport system. The propositions advanced are aimed at instigating reflections on policy-level initiatives that can be undertaken with the intent of bettering the state of sport in Portugal. We argue that changes from an assets-based approach are needed in both policy and practice to influence the current Portuguese sport culture positively. Specifically, an assets-based approach could prompt a move towards deliverables aimed at promoting social development rather than a unidimensional focus on winning and performance. Based on the current state of affairs, reflections for rethinking the culture and policies of the Portuguese sport system are offered. Keywords: sport; policy; youth; values; winning.
description: Motricidade, Vol. 17 No. 3 (2021): Motricidade
title: Rural-rural seasonal migration as livelihood adaptation strategy among rural households in northern Ghana
Creators: name: Guba, Bismarck Yelfogle
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: Dryland rural livelihoods in many parts of Africa are increasingly under stress as a result of dependency on seasonal unreliable weather for their labour-dependent agricultural production, and changes in the socialeconomic landscape. Seasonal migration is a well-established strategy used by these households to cope with shortfalls in food and income. Research to date has focused on rural-urban seasonal migration, despite rural-rural seasonal migration also being an important activity. This study addresses this gap in knowledge to better understand the role of rural-rural seasonal migration in northern rural Ghana in supporting and transforming rural livelihoods. The research examines (1) the factors influencing changing rural livelihood dynamics in northern Ghana (2) the role of social networks in mediating the process and who benefits and (3) the impact of sociocultural factors on gendered migration opportunities. The study uses an ethnographicled approach, using in-depth interview, guided questions and participatory focus group activities to collect data with 200 respondents from two communities, Korro and Naawie in the Lambussie District of the Upper West region. While there are multiple drivers on migration, this study found cultural identity and social status to be an important driver of seasonal ruralrural migration because retaining traditional social identity remains a reflection of a household’s ability to establish annual food security and perform locally important cultural functions within the community. This aspect has been undervalued in other migration studies. Both bonding and bridging social networks are used in the migration process, however, they vii both yield different outcomes. This finding challenge existing understanding that assumes one form of social network will be more significant in facilitating migration. Differentiated outcomes can be explained by the adoption of particular approaches, and in this example three distinct migration activities of cash labour, and charcoal production were characterised for different groups. One group excluded from the opportunities were found to be married women, due to local patriarchal and social norms. Yet a few had successfully navigated this challenge and the study explored this gendered and intra-household aspect. The insights from the study highlight the vital role that rural-rural seasonal migration plays for rural livelihood diversification, shifting livelihoods beyond simply coping to being able to adapt and reframing their livelihood trajectories, and how the mechanisms of migration reinforce social identity. Greater attention and support should be given to the contribution of rural-rural seasonal migration to transformation in rural societies, and particular consideration still needs to be given to generating equality in gender participation as a mechanism for women’s empowerment.
Psychometric properties of the of the University Sport Experiences Scale — Portuguese
Creators: name: Rathwell, Scott
name: Gaion, Patrícia Aparecida
name: Santos, Fernando
name: Caruzzo, Aryelle
name: Lima, Rhuan
name: Gobbi, Vinicius
name: Nascimento Junior, José Roberto Andrade Do
Publisher: name: Motricidade
Year: 2021

description: Over the last decades, qualitative methods have dominated Positive Development through sports research. Therefore, valid and reliable quantitative measurement tools are scarce. Additionally, most Positive Development research has focused on youth sport contexts. University sport has been considered a crucial period for a Positive Development approach, and researchers have created the University Sport Experience Survey, which assesses Positive Development in university sport. Although the psychometric properties of USES were confirmed, its validity may be confined to Canadian settings. This study aimed to investigate a cross-cultural adaptation of the University Sport Experiences Survey for a Portuguese-speaking population of university athletes. Our results suggest this confirmed model, containing Portuguese translated items, has strong factorial validity for assessing developmental outcomes of university-aged student-athletes in Brazilian university contexts. Current results support the external validity of University Sport Experiences Survey and offer evidence of the first validated Portuguese assessment tool for assessing Positive Development in university sport. Keywords: positive development; measurement; student-athletes; validity.
description: Motricidade, Vol. 17 No. 3 (2021): Motricidade
title: Who am I? Classification and assessment of the self in adolescents and in relation to depression symptoms
Creators: name: Hards, Emily
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2022

description: Adolescence is an important developmental period for the self. It is also a time when young people are particularly vulnerable to depression. Despite this, researchers have neglected to examine how young people spontaneously describe their self and how the self is disrupted in adolescent depression. The aim of the four papers in this thesis is to describe the content of the self in young people and examine associations between the self and depression. Adolescents (n = 822) were recruited from three UK secondary schools, one in Northamptonshire and two in Wiltshire. They completed a measure of self-concept, The Twenty Statements Test (Kuhn & McPartland, 1954) and depression symptoms, the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ; Costello & Angold, 1988). A sub-sample (n = 584) completed a measure of the possible self, a variant of the ‘I Will Be’ Task (Rathbone, Salgado, Akan, Havelka & Bernsten, 2016). Data from the TST were combined and one large dataset is used in all papers included in this thesis. MFQ data were also combined and is presented in Papers 3 and 4 only. Data from the ‘I Will Be’ Task is described in Paper 4 only. Paper 1 describes data of adolescent generated self-images. They are also presented in a freely available database. The majority of self-images used by adolescents were positive ‘Traits’. These data were compared to adult self-images and demonstrated that adults most often used ‘Social roles’ to describe the self. Paper 2 presents the development of an adolescent-specific classification scheme to categorise self-images into ‘aspects of the self’. Young people most often described themselves in relation to their personal attributes, relationships with family members and their peer group. This classification scheme was used in Paper 3. In the application of this classification scheme in Paper 3, the valence of the self rather its complexity was associated with more severe symptoms of depression. This was consistent with the cognitive theory of depression (Beck, 1967). Adolescents with a more positive self had less severe symptoms of depression. In Paper 4, the possible self and depression symptoms were examined. The valence of possible selves was associated with depression symptoms suggesting that young people with more severe symptoms of depression had a more negative possible self. Together, these results of the four papers suggest that an adolescent ‘self’ is different from an adult ‘self’ and presents an adolescent-specific classification scheme devised to use for this population. These findings also provide partial support for the cognitive theory of depression and suggest that improving self-evaluation in the treatment of depression in young people may be helpful.