cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
X-Rays From Massive OB Stars: Thermal Emission From Radiative Shocks
Creators: name: Zhekov, Svetozar A.
name: Palla, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chandra gratings spectra of a sample of 15 massive OB stars were analyzed under the basic assumption that the X-ray emission is produced in an ensemble of shocks formed in the winds driven by these objects. Shocks develop either as a result of radiation-driven instabilities or due to confinement of the wind by relatively strong magnetic field, and since they are radiative, a simple model of their X-ray emission was developed that allows a direct comparison with observations. According to our model, the shock structures (clumps, complete or fractional shells) eventually become `cold' clouds in the X-ray sky of the star. As a result, it is expected that for large covering factors of the hot clumps, there is a high probability for X-ray absorption by the `cold' clouds, resulting in blue-shifted spectral lines. Our analysis has revealed that such a correlation indeed exists for the considered sample of OB stars. As to the temperature characteristics of the X-ray emission plasma, the studied OB stars fall in two groups: (i) one with plasma temperature limited to 0.1-0.4 keV; (ii) the other wtih X-rays produced in plasmas at considerably higher temperatures. We argue that the two groups correspond to different mechanisms for the origin of X-rays: in radiative-driven instability shocks and in magnetically-confined wind shocks, respectively.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables; accepted for publication in MNRAS
A crossover of the solid substances solubility in supercritical fluids: what is it in fact?
Creators: name: Kalikin, N. N.
name: Oparin, R. D.
name: Kolesnikov, A. L.
name: Budkov, Y. A.
name: Kiselev, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a well-known phenomenon of the appearance of the crossover points, corresponding to the intersections of the solubility isotherms of the solid compound in supercritical fluid. Opposed to the accepted understanding of the existence of two fixed crossover points, which confine the region of the inverse isobaric temperature dependence of the solubility, we have found that these points tend to shift with the change of the temperature and in the limit of the certain threshold value they converge to a single point. We demonstrate this analyzing the solubility data of a set of poorly soluble drug compounds, which have been computed in a wide area of the phase diagram via the approach, based on the classical density functional theory. Thorough analysis of the available in the literature experimental solubility data is found to be in an agreement with our conclusions, as one can find that the wider temperature region of the experimental study is, the more pronounced effect of the crossover points drift can be observed.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
Additional file 1 of Disaggregation of official demographic projections in sub-groups by education level: the neglected “composition effect” in the future path of life expectancy
Creators: name: Ginebri, Sergio
name: Lallo, Carlo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary material.
The roots of western discontent : an interpretation of the white settlers’ role in the rebellion of 1885
Creators: name: Fairey, Elaine Louise
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The 1870 Resistance at Red River and the Saskatchewan Rebellion of 1885 form an important chapter in the history of the Canadian West and are considered pivotal episodes in the development of the region. Despite the presence and participation of the white settlers in certain aspects of these protest movements, especially in the latter, studies have tended to characterize these events primarily as the result of the actions of Louis Riel and the Metis, relegating the role of the whites to a subordinate position in their analyses. This trend has had important consequences for the interpretion of Western Canadian history. As the idea of Western discontent and distinctive regionalism is fundamental in understanding the history of the region, the focus on the Metis role in protests against the Canadian Government has led to the conclusion that Western discontent grew out of the Metis experience and that it was Western, that is, environmental, in origin. However, as Western society and culture were shaped to an astonishing degree by the Ontario immigrants of the 1870's and 1880's, any analysis of the roots of Western discontent must also take into account the white settlers' role in the protest movements of the time. This is especially true for the Rebellion of 1885 as large numbers of Ontario settlers were both present in the West and active in agitation against the government prior to the Rebellion. By placing the general characteristics of the Western white settlers' protest and agitation during the 1870's and 1880's in the context of protests and rebellions elsewhere in North America,, it becomes clear that the settlers' discontent was not the product of the Western identity they shared with the Metis, but rather grew out of the cultural heritage they had brought from Ontario. Although the frontier environment of the West provided reasons for their discontent, it was as "British subjects," not as Westerners, that the settlers protested against the Ottawa government and the "East." In fact, in the same way that the settlers' Ontario culture became that of the West, their protest tradition, derived from their British heritage, determined the characteristics and persistence of Western discontent. Far from imposing their protest tradition on the white settlers, the Metis revealed, by their use of petitions and their appeals to the "rights of British subjects," that it was they who adapted to the form of protest brought to the West by the Ontario immigrants.
Exploiting Pilot Mixtures in Coded Random Access
Creators: name: Valentini, Lorenzo
name: Bernardi, Elena
name: Paolini, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The construction of preamble sequences for channel estimation by superposition of orthogonal pilots can improve performance of massive grant-free uplink from machine-type devices. In this letter, a technique is proposed to obtain full benefit from these "pilot mixtures" in presence of a base station with a massive number of antennas. The proposed technique consists of combining pilot mixtures with an intra-slot successive interference cancellation (SIC) algorithm, referred to as inner SIC, to increase the number of decoded messages per slot. In framed systems, the synergic effect of inner SIC and of an outer SIC algorithm across slots, typical of coded random access protocols, allows achieving a very high reliability with a low number of packet replicas per active user.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Invasion percolation in short-range and long-range disorder background
Creators: name: Najafi, M. N.
name: Tizdast, S.
name: Cheraghalizadeh, J.
name: N, H. Dashti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the invasion percolation (IP) in imperfect support in which the configuration of imperfections is considered to be correlated. Three lattice models were engaged to realize this pattern: site percolation, Ising model and random Coulomb potential (RCP). The first two models are short range interaction (SRI), whereas the last one includes coulomb like interactions which is pretty long range (long-range interactions, LRI). By examining various dynamical observables we show that the critical exponents of SRI IP are robust against the control parameters (temperature in the Ising model and occupation probability in site percolation), whereas its properties in the LRI (RCP) supports are completely different from the normal IP (i.e. on the regular lattice). Especially the fractal dimension of the external frontier of the largest hole converges to $1.099\pm 0.008$ for RCP IP, whereas it is nearly $\frac{4}{3}$ for SRI IP being compatible with normal IP. Additionally a novel dynamical crossover is seen in the RCP IP according to which the time dependence of all of the observables is divided to three parts: the power-law (small times), the logarithmic (mid time), and the linear (long time) regimes. The second crossover time is shown to go to infinity in the thermodynamic limit, whereas the first crossover time is nearly unchanged, signaling the dominance of the logarithmic regime. The observables become nearly constant in the thermodynamic limit for the long time, showing that it is a stationary phase.
Additional file 1 of Effects of COVID-19 on in-hospital cardiac arrest: incidence, causes, and outcome – a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Roedl, Kevin
name: Söffker, Gerold
name: Fischer, Dominik
name: Müller, Jakob
name: Westermann, Dirk
name: Issleib, Malte
name: Kluge, Stefan
name: Jarczak, Dominik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Pre-existing comorbidities of patients with severe respiratory failure at time of cardiac arrest stratified according patients with and without COVID-19. Supplementary Table 2. Characteristics of patients with severe respiratory failure before and after cardiac arrest stratified according with and without COVID-19. Supplementary Table 3. Cox regression model for factors associated with ICU-mortality and unfavorable neurological outcome (CPC III/IV) of patients with IHCA and severe respiratory failure.
Spin Chirality in a Molecular Dysprosium Triangle: the Archetype of the Non-Collinear Ising Model
Creators: name: Luzon, Javier
name: Bernot, Kevin
name: Hewitt, Ian J.
name: Anson, Christopher E.
name: Powell, Annie K.
name: Sessoli, Roberta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single crystal magnetic studies combined with a theoretical analysis show that cancellation of the magnetic moments in the trinuclear Dy3+ cluster [Dy3(OH)2L3Cl(H2O)5]Cl3, resulting in a non-magnetic ground doublet, originates from the non-collinearity of the single ion easy axes of magnetization of the Dy3+ ions that lie in the plane of the triangle at 120 (deg.) one from each other. This gives rise to a peculiar chiral nature of the ground non-magnetic doublet and to slow relaxation of the magnetization with abrupt accelerations at the crossings of the discrete energy levels.
description: 4 pages and 5 figures
Exploring the Early Universe with Gaia and THEIA
Creators: name: Garcia-Bellido, Juan
name: Murayama, Hitoshi
name: White, Graham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has recently been pointed out that Gaia is capable of detecting a stochastic gravitational wave background in the sensitivity band between the frequency of pulsar timing arrays and LISA. We argue that Gaia and THEIA has great potential for early universe cosmology, since such a frequency range is ideal for probing phase transitions in asymmetric dark matter, SIMP and the cosmological QCD transition. Furthermore, there is the potential for detecting primordial black holes in the solar mass range produced during such an early universe transition and distinguish them from those expected from the QCD epoch. Finally, we discuss the potential for Gaia and THEIA to probe topological defects and the ability of Gaia to potentially shed light on the recent NANOGrav results.
description: 26 pages, 6 figures
Making graphene visible
Creators: name: Blake, P.
name: Novoselov, K. S.
name: Neto, A. H. Castro
name: Jiang, D.
name: Yang, R.
name: Booth, T. J.
name: Geim, A. K.
name: Hill, E. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microfabrication of graphene devices used in many experimental studies currently relies on the fact that graphene crystallites can be visualized using optical microscopy if prepared on top of silicon wafers with a certain thickness of silicon dioxide. We study graphene's visibility and show that it depends strongly on both thickness of silicon dioxide and light wavelength. We have found that by using monochromatic illumination, graphene can be isolated for any silicon dioxide thickness, albeit 300 nm (the current standard) and, especially, approx. 100 nm are most suitable for its visual detection. By using a Fresnel-law-based model, we quantitatively describe the experimental data without any fitting parameters.
description: Since v1: minor changes to text and figures to improve clarity; references added. Submitted to Applied Physics Letters, 30-Apr-07. 3 pages, 3 figures
Search for anomalous $\boldmath{Wtb}$ couplings in single top quark production
Creators: name: D0 Collaboration
name: Abazov, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 0.9 fb$^{-1}$ of $p \bar p$ collisions, D0 has observed an excess of events with an isolated lepton, missing transve rse momentum, and two to four jets. This excess is consistent with single top quark production. We examine these data to study the Lorentz structure of the $Wtb$ coupling. The standard model predicts a left-handed vector coupling at the $Wt b$ vertex. The most general lowest dimension, CP-conserving Lagrangian admits right-handed vector and left- or right-h anded tensor couplings as well. We find that the data prefer the left-handed vector coupling and set upper limits on the anomalous couplings. These are the first direct constraints on a general $Wtb$ interaction and the first direct limits on left- and right-handed tensor couplings.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Non-adiabatic Strong Field Ionization of Atomic Hydrogen
Creators: name: Trabert, Daniel
name: Anders, Nils
name: Brennecke, Simon
name: Schöffler, Markus S.
name: Jahnke, Till
name: Schmidt, Lothar Ph. H.
name: Kunitski, Maksim
name: Lein, Manfred
name: Dörner, Reinhard
name: Eckart, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present experimental data on the non-adiabatic strong field ionization of atomic hydrogen using elliptically polarized femtosecond laser pulses at a central wavelength of 390 nm. Our measured results are in very good agreement with a numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE). Experiment and TDSE show four above-threshold ionization (ATI) peaks in the electron's energy spectrum. The most probable emission angle (also known as 'attoclock-offset angle' or 'streaking angle') is found to increase with energy, a trend that is opposite to standard predictions based on Coulomb interaction with the ion. We show that this increase of deflection-angle can be explained by a model that includes non-adiabatic corrections of the initial momentum distribution at the tunnel exit and non-adiabatic corrections of the tunnel exit position itself.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Confocal microscopy, biopac, and mass spectrometry associated files
Creators: name: Verano-Braga, Thiago
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111603 Systems Physiology
subject: FOS: Basic medicine

description: Data associated with the manuscript "Peptide fragments of bradykinin show unexpected biological activity not mediated by B1 or B2 receptors". Corresponding author: Thiago Verano-Braga (orcid: 0000-0002-7083-2588).
The following data are available:
1) "Blood Pressure Data 1" folder: Cardiovascular parameters (heart rate, pulsatile arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure) measured on conscious rats (Wistar) after intra-venous (folder "Femoral") or intra-arterial (folder "Carotida") administration of BK-(1-9), BK-(1-7) or BK-(1-5). Use the AcqKnowledge software (https://www.biopac.com/product/acqknowledge-software/) to visualize the data.
2) "Confocal Microscopy" folder: photos obtained by confocal microscopy. Files with ND2 extension should be visualized using the ImageJ software (https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/download.html).
3) "Vascular Reactivity" folder: data acquired on aortic ring preparation due to BK-(1-9) or its fragments treatment. Use the LabChart software (https://www.adinstruments.com/products/labchart) to visualize the data.
Declaration of Intention of Christian Atz
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1885

description: Declaration of Intention to become a citizen of the United States, as filled out and signed by:   Applicant age:26Occupation: unknownCountry of Origin:GermanyDate of Birth: unknownSailed to the US aboard the vessel:  unknown Declaration submitted and sworn: 14 April 1885Residing in: Unknown
Nonlinear MHD simulation of core plasma collapse events in stellarators
Creators: name: Suzuki, Yasuhiro
name: Futatani, Shimpei
name: Geiger, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The core collapse events observed in a stellarator experiment are studied by a three-dimensional nonlinear MHD simulations. In the low magnetic shear configuration like the Wendelstein 7-X, the rotational transform profile is very sensitive to the toroidal current density. The 3D equilibrium with localized toroidal current density is studied. If the toroidal current density follows locally in the middle of the plasma minor radius, the rotational transform is also changed locally. Sometimes, the magnetic topology changes due to appearing the magnetic island. The nonlinear behaviors of the MHD instability are studied by a full three-dimensional nonlinear MHD code. It was found that a following sequence. At first, the high-n ballooning-type mode structure appears in the plasma core, and then the mode linearly grows. The high-n ballooning modes nonlinearly couple and saturate. The mode structure changes to the low-n mode. In that phase, the magnetic field structure becomes strongly stochastic into the plasma core due to the nonlinear coupling. Finally, the plasma pressure diffuses along the stochastic field lines, and then the core plasma pressure drops. This is an important results to interpret the core collapse event by strong nonlinear coupling.
Additional file 1 of NGlyAlign: an automated library building tool to align highly divergent HIV envelope sequences
Creators: name: Akand, Elma H.
name: Murray, John M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1. NGlyAlign tool in matlab along with a test file and manual is included as additional files.
SutraNets: Sub-series Autoregressive Networks for Long-Sequence, Probabilistic Forecasting
Creators: name: Bergsma, Shane
name: Zeyl, Timothy
name: Guo, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose SutraNets, a novel method for neural probabilistic forecasting of long-sequence time series. SutraNets use an autoregressive generative model to factorize the likelihood of long sequences into products of conditional probabilities. When generating long sequences, most autoregressive approaches suffer from harmful error accumulation, as well as challenges in modeling long-distance dependencies. SutraNets treat long, univariate prediction as multivariate prediction over lower-frequency sub-series. Autoregression proceeds across time and across sub-series in order to ensure coherent multivariate (and, hence, high-frequency univariate) outputs. Since sub-series can be generated using fewer steps, SutraNets effectively reduce error accumulation and signal path distances. We find SutraNets to significantly improve forecasting accuracy over competitive alternatives on six real-world datasets, including when we vary the number of sub-series and scale up the depth and width of the underlying sequence models.
Mass Spectra of One or Two Heavy Quark Mesons and Diquarks within a Nonrelativistic Potential Model
Creators: name: Gutiérrez-Guerrero, L. X.
name: Alfaro, A.
name: Raya, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, the mass spectra of mesons with one or two heavy quarks and their diquarks partners are estimated within a non-relativistic framework by solving Schrödinger equation with an effective potential inspired by a symmetry preserving Poincaré covariant vector-vector contact interaction model of quantum chromodynamics. Matrix Numerov method is implemented for this purpose. In our survey of mesons with heavy quarks, we fix the model parameter to the masses of ground-states and then extend our calculations for radial excitations and diquarks. The potential model used in this work gives results which are in good agreement with experimental data and other theoretical calculations.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, 6 tables
Additional file 1 of Structure Investigations of Islands with Atomic-Scale Boron–Carbon Bilayers in Heavily Boron-Doped Diamond Single Crystal: Origin of Stepwise Tensile Stress
Creators: name: Polyakov, S. N.
name: V. N. Denisov
name: V. V. Denisov
name: S. I. Zholudev
name: A. A. Lomov
name: V. A. Moskalenko
name: S. P. Molchanov
name: S. Yu. Martyushov
name: S. A. Terentiev
name: V. D. Blank
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary information for Structure investigations of Islands with Atomic-Scale Boron–Carbon Bilayers in Heavily Boron-Doped Diamond Single Crystal: Origin of Stepwise Tensile Stress.
The contribution of theories of the state in analyzing local government housing initiatives : the city of Vancouver’s housing actions, 1900-1973
Creators: name: Melliship, Kaye Staniforth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis uses theories of the state in order to explain the City of Vancouver's housing actions from 1900-1973. Theories of the state are used to identify and contribute to an understanding of the constraints and opportunities a municipality faces in intervening in housing. The theoretical discussion, developed by a literature review, is in three major parts. First, the role of the state in capitalist society is discussed. The neo-Marxist perspective of the role of the state is adopted. According to this perspective the state has a two fold role. First the state functions to aid in capital accumulation. Second, the state functions to legitimate the capitalist system. The second part of the discussion rests on theoretical distinctions on the ways in which the state fulfills its role. Pluralist, instrumentalist and corporatist/managerialist perspectives are analyzed and it is concluded that at different times and circumstances it is possible that all three might apply to the way a state acts. The third part of the theoretical discussion is on the local state. The local state is not separate from the state, though it does have some autonomy. In the areas where the local state does have some autonomy the way it acts can be explained by the three differing theoretical perspectives. The history of the City of Vancouver's role in housing is presented by describing policies, programs and plans undertaken by the City from 1900 to 1973. This research was accomplished primarily by reading original government records in the Vancouver City Archives. With respect to housing initiatives, the City was constrained by its financial and jurisdictional ties to the national state. However, this thesis shows that at times the City was able to define its own terms and conditions and exhibit some autonomy. The details of the housing history also show that the City of Vancouver's role was in capital accumulation and the legitimation of capitalism. For most of the period studied the City of Vancouver was the instrument of the capitalist class. However, this neo-Marxist interpretation is tempered by evidence that both the corporate goals of the City itself and the pressure exerted by local interest groups have had a significant impact on the City of Vancouver's housing actions. This is explained by the nature of housing as a consumption item, as well as by the need to account for human elements in state actions. The fact that the local state is necessary for democratic legitimation and that housing can be made important to critical production issues presents opportunities at the local government level for housing reforms.
Stationary solutions to the Keller-Segel equation on curved planes
Creators: name: Nagy, Ákos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J15, 35Q92, 92C17

description: We study stationary solutions to the Keller--Segel equation on curved planes. We prove the necessity of the mass being $8 π$ and a sharp decay bound. Notably, our results do not require the solutions to have a finite second moment, and thus are novel already in the flat case. Furthermore, we provide a correspondence between stationary solutions to the static Keller--Segel equation on curved planes and positively curved Riemannian metrics on the sphere. We use this duality to show the nonexistence of solutions in certain situations. In particular, we show the existence of metrics, arbitrarily close to the flat one on the plane, that do not support stationary solutions to the static Keller--Segel equation (with any mass). Finally, as a complementary result, we prove a curved version of the logarithmic Hardy--Littlewood--Sobolev inequality and use it to show that the Keller--Segel free energy is bounded from below exactly when the mass is $8 π$, even in the curved case.
description: 15 pages, no figures. Accepted by Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section A
ETHTID: Deployable Threshold Information Disclosure on Ethereum
Creators: name: Stengele, Oliver
name: Raiber, Markus
name: Müller-Quade, Jörn
name: Hartenstein, Hannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.4.3; H.3.5

description: We address the Threshold Information Disclosure (TID) problem on Ethereum: An arbitrary number of users commit to the scheduled disclosure of their individual messages recorded on the Ethereum blockchain if and only if all such messages are disclosed. Before a disclosure, only the original sender of each message should know its contents. To accomplish this, we task a small council with executing a distributed generation and threshold sharing of an asymmetric key pair. The public key can be used to encrypt messages which only become readable once the threshold-shared decryption key is reconstructed at a predefined point in time and recorded on-chain. With blockchains like Ethereum, it is possible to coordinate such procedures and attach economic stakes to the actions of participating individuals. In this paper, we present ETHTID, an Ethereum smart contract application to coordinate Threshold Information Disclosure. We base our implementation on ETHDKG [1], a smart contract application for distributed key generation and threshold sharing, and adapt it to fit our differing use case as well as add functionality to oversee a scheduled reconstruction of the decryption key. For our main cost saving optimisation, we show that the security of the underlying cryptographic scheme is maintained. We evaluate how the execution costs depend on the size of the council and the threshold and show that the presented protocol is deployable on Ethereum with a council of more than 200 members with gas savings of 20-40% compared to ETHDKG.
Tutorial: Characterizing Microscale Energy Transport in Materials with Transient Grating Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Choudhry, Usama
name: Kim, Taeyong
name: Adams, Melanie
name: Ranasinghe, Jeewan
name: Yang, Runqing
name: Liao, Bolin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microscale energy transport processes are crucial in microelectronics, energy harvesting devices, and emerging quantum materials. To study these processes, methods that can probe transport with conveniently tunable length scales are highly desirable. Transient grating spectroscopy (TGS) is such a tool that can monitor microscale energy transport processes associated with various fundamental energy carriers including electrons, phonons, and spins. Having been developed and applied for a long time in the chemistry community, TGS has regained popularity recently in studying different transport regimes in solid-state materials. In this Tutorial, we provide an in-depth discussion of the operational principle and instrumentation details of a modern heterodyne TGS configuration from a practitioner's point of view. We further review recent applications of TGS in characterizing microscale transport of heat, charge, spin, and acoustic waves, with an emphasis on thermal transport.
description: 44 pages, 11 figures. Comments are welcome
Neutron star cooling after deep crustal heating in the X-ray transient KS 1731-260
Creators: name: Shternin, P. S.
name: Yakovlev, D. G.
name: Haensel, P.
name: Potekhin, A. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We simulate the cooling of the neutron star in the X-ray transient KS 1731-260 after the source returned to quiescence in 2001 from a long (>~ 12.5 yr) outburst state. We show that the cooling can be explained assuming that the crust underwent deep heating during the outburst stage. In our best theoretical scenario the neutron star has no enhanced neutrino emission in the core, and its crust is thin, superfluid, and has the normal thermal conductivity. The thermal afterburst crust-core relaxation in the star may be not over.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted by MNRAS. In v.2, two references added and typos corrected
title: Εφαρμογές τοίχων αντιστήριξης
title: Retaining wall applications
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Τριαντάφυλλος, Κωνσταντίνος
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2021
Subjects: Τοίχοι βαρύτητας
Ωθήσεις γαιών
Πεπερασμένα στοιχεία
Rankine
Gravity walls
Earth pressures
Finite element analysis
Τοίχοι αντιστήριξης

description: Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία μελετά την ανάλυση και σχεδιασμό τοίχων αντιστήριξης. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, έχει ως στόχο : α) την ανάπτυξη ενός αριθμητικού εργαλείου στο ΕXCEL για την πλήρη ανάλυση και σχεδιασμό από γεωτεχνικής και δομοστατικής άποψης και β) να συγκρίνει τις ωθήσεις γαιών ανάλυσης Rankine με την αριθμητικής ανάλυση πεπερασμένων στοιχείων (ΠΣ) για ένα εύρος εδαφών. Στο Κεφάλαιο 1 παρουσιάζεται η εξέλιξη των Τοίχων Αντιστήριξης κατά την διάρκεια της ιστορίας του ανθρώπου και τους τύπους που κατασκευάζουμε στη σύγχρονη εποχή. Στο Κεφάλαιο 2 περιγράφεται ο ευρωπαϊκός κανονισμός - Ευρωκώδικας 7 – για την ανάλυση και σχεδιασμό τοίχων αντιστήριξης. Κατόπιν, στο Κεφάλαιο 3 παρουσιάζεται το θεωρητικό υπόβαθρο των ωθήσεων γαιών που αποτελεί τη βάση της ανάλυσης τοίχων αντιστήριξης. Στο Κεφάλαιο 5 περιγράφονται οι κατηγορίες τοίχων αντιστήριξης από σκυρόδεμα και οι τρόποι αστοχίας τους. Επιπρόσθετα, στο Κεφάλαιο 5 προγραμματίστηκε σε υπολογιστικό φύλλο excel επιτυχώς η ολοκληρωμένη ανάλυση και σχεδιασμός ενός τοίχου αντιστήριξης οπλισμένου σκυροδέματος (Τύπου L) με επιφόρτιση στο επίχωμα. To Κεφάλαιο 6 περιλαμβάνει εκτενείς αριθμητικές αναλύσεις για εύρος μη συνεκτικών άμμων και συνεκτικών αργίλων με τη χρήση ΠΣ, για ελαστικό – απολύτως πλαστικό Μohr – Coulomb κατασταστικό προσομοίωμα. Στο Κεφάλαιο 7 παρουσιάζεται μία σύγκριση εδαφικών πιέσεων υπολογισμένες κατά Rankine και με ΠΣ σε άμμους και αργίλους για τοίχους βαρύτητας από σκυρόδεμα. Η ανάλυση ΠΣ συμπεριέλαβε την πλήρη κατασκευαστική ακολουθία. Το βασικό συμπέρασμα είναι πως η μέθοδος Rankine υποεκτίμησε τις ωθήσεις γαιών σε σχέση με τα ΠΣ, διότι δεν υπήρξε γενικευμένη αστοχία εδάφους, η οποία εξαρτάται από την αντοχή του εδάφους (c΄, φ΄). Ως αποτέλεσμα οι μετακινήσεις ήταν μικρότερες από αυτές που απαιτούνται για αστοχία Rankine. Το μέτρο ελαστικότητας εδάφους είχε λίγη επίδραση στις ωθήσεις γαιών, διότι η κυρίαρχη παράμετρος σε αυτό είναι ο λόγος Poisson.
On correlation functions in the coordinate and the algebraic Bethe ansatz
Creators: name: Hernandez, Rafael
name: Nieto, Juan Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Bethe ansatz, both in its coordinate and its algebraic version, is an exceptional method to compute the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of integrable systems. However, computing correlation functions using the eigenvectors thus constructed complicates rather fast. In this article, we will compute some simple correlation functions for the isotropic Heisenberg spin chain to highlight the shortcomings of both Bethe ansätze. In order to compare the results obtained from each approach, a discussion on the normalization of states in each ansatz will be required. We will show that the analysis can be extended to the long-range spin chain governing the spectrum of anomalous dimensions of single trace operators in four-dimensional Yang-Mills with maximal supersymmetry.
description: 41 pages. Latex. v2: Published version. Updated title and abstract
Convergence of the Forward-Backward Algorithm: Beyond the Worst Case with the Help of Geometry
Creators: name: Garrigos, Guillaume
name: Rosasco, Lorenzo
name: Villa, Silvia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We provide a comprehensive study of the convergence of the forward-backward algorithm under suitable geometric conditions, such as conditioning or Łojasiewicz properties. These geometrical notions are usually local by nature, and may fail to describe the fine geometry of objective functions relevant in inverse problems and signal processing, that have a nice behaviour on manifolds, or sets open with respect to a weak topology. Motivated by this observation, we revisit those geometric notions over arbitrary sets. In turn, this allows us to present several new results as well as collect in a unified view a variety of results scattered in the literature. Our contributions include the analysis of infinite dimensional convex minimization problems, showing the first Łojasiewicz inequality for a quadratic function associated to a compact operator, and the derivation of new linear rates for problems arising from inverse problems with low-complexity priors. Our approach allows to establish unexpected connections between geometry and a priori conditions in inverse problems, such as source conditions, or restricted isometry properties.
description: After peer-review, the paper has been significantly modified: i) Section 3.3 has been completely rewritten, and contains a new sum rule (Theorem 3.15) ii) The end of Section 4.2 and Section 5.2 have been rewritten to include mirror-stratifiable problems iii) The Annex contains new proofs for small-but-not-trivial claims made throughout the paper iv) Theorems, Examples etc have been renumbered
Numerical simulations of galaxy evolution in cosmological context
Creators: name: Martig, Marie
name: Bournaud, Frederic
name: Teyssier, Romain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large volume cosmological simulations succeed in reproducing the large-scale structure of the Universe. However, they lack resolution and may not take into account all relevant physical processes to test if the detail properties of galaxies can be explained by the CDM paradigm. On the other hand, galaxy-scale simulations could resolve this in a robust way but do not usually include a realistic cosmological context. To study galaxy evolution in cosmological context, we use a new method that consists in coupling cosmological simulations and galactic scale simulations. For this, we record merger and gas accretion histories from cosmological simulations and re-simulate at very high resolution the evolution of baryons and dark matter within the virial radius of a target galaxy. This allows us for example to better take into account gas evolution and associated star formation, to finely study the internal evolution of galaxies and their disks in a realistic cosmological context. We aim at obtaining a statistical view on galaxy evolution from z = 2 to 0, and we present here the first results of the study: we mainly stress the importance of taking into account gas accretion along filaments to understand galaxy evolution.
description: 6 pages - Proceedings of IAU Symposium 254 "The Galaxy disk in cosmological context", Copenhagen, June 2008 - Movies available at http://aramis.obspm.fr/~bournaud/stargas35small.avi and http://aramis.obspm.fr/~bournaud/stargasZ35_small.avi
Additional file 1 of A brain cyst load-associated antigen is a Toxoplasma gondii biomarker for serodetection of persistent parasites and chronic infection
Creators: name: Dard, Céline
name: Swale, Christopher
name: Brenier-Pinchart, Marie-Pierre
name: Farhat, Dayana C.
name: Bellini, Valeria
name: Robert, Marie Gladys
name: Cannella, Dominique
name: Pelloux, Hervé
name: Tardieux, Isabelle
name: Hakimi, Mohamed-Ali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Sequence alignment of BCLA proteins. The protein sequences of BCLA from Toxoplasma gondii RH, ME49 and VEG strains along with the partial sequence from Hammondia hammondi (HHA_209755 and HHA_462480) were aligned. Matching and different residues are shown as dots and in blue, respectively. The red box represents the signal peptide, while the yellow and green boxes represent the central repeats and the blue box the conserved and structured C-terminal domain, referred in the text as rBCLA.
Renormalization group improved implications of semileptonic operators in SMEFT
Creators: name: Kumar, Jacky
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study implications of the four-fermion semileptonic operators at the low-energy and at electroweak (EW) scale in the framework of Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We show how the renormalization group (RG) running effects can play an important role in probing the \emph{generic flavour structure} of such operators. It is shown that at the 1-loop level, through RG running, depending upon the flavour structure, these operators can give rise to sizable effects at low energy in the electroweak precision (EWP) observables, the leptonic, quark, as well as the $Z$ boson flavour violating decays. To this end, we isolate the phenomenological relevant terms in the full anomalous dimension matrices (ADMs) and discuss the impact of the QED+QCD running in the Weak effective field theory (WET) and the SMEFT running due to gauge and Yukawa interactions on the dim-4 and dim-6 operators at the low energy. Considering all the relevant processes, we derive lower bounds on the new physics (NP) scale $Λ$ for each semileptonic operator, keeping a generic flavour structure. In addition, we also report the allowed ranges for the Wilson coefficients at a fixed value of $Λ=3$ TeV.
description: 37 pp, 9 figures, v2: Refs. added, typos corrected, v3: this version matches with JHEP
DASH: Modularized Human Manipulation Simulation with Vision and Language for Embodied AI
Creators: name: Jiang, Yifeng
name: Guo, Michelle
name: Li, Jiangshan
name: Exarchos, Ioannis
name: Wu, Jiajun
name: Liu, C. Karen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Creating virtual humans with embodied, human-like perceptual and actuation constraints has the promise to provide an integrated simulation platform for many scientific and engineering applications. We present Dynamic and Autonomous Simulated Human (DASH), an embodied virtual human that, given natural language commands, performs grasp-and-stack tasks in a physically-simulated cluttered environment solely using its own visual perception, proprioception, and touch, without requiring human motion data. By factoring the DASH system into a vision module, a language module, and manipulation modules of two skill categories, we can mix and match analytical and machine learning techniques for different modules so that DASH is able to not only perform randomly arranged tasks with a high success rate, but also do so under anthropomorphic constraints and with fluid and diverse motions. The modular design also favors analysis and extensibility to more complex manipulation skills.
description: SCA'2021
Identification of time scales of the violation of the Stokes-Einstein relation in Yukawa liquids
Creators: name: Ghannad, Zahra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the origin of the violation of the Stokes-Einstein (SE) relation in two-dimensional Yukawa liquids. Using comprehensive molecular dynamics simulations, we identify the time scales supporting the violation of the SE relation $D\propto (η/T)^{-1}$, where $D$ is the self-diffusion coefficient and $η$ is the shear viscosity. We first compute the self-intermediate scattering function $F_s(k,t)$, the non-Gaussian parameter $α_2$, and the autocorrelation function of the shear stress $C_η(t)$. The timescales obtained from these functions are included the structural relaxation time $τ_α$, the peak time of the non-Gaussian parameter $τ_{α_2}$, and the shear stress relaxation time $τ_η$. We find that $τ_η$ is coupled with $D$ for all temperatures indicating the SE preservation, however, $τ_α$ and $τ_{α_2}$ are decoupled with $D$ at low temperatures indicating the SE violation. Surprisingly, we find that the origins of this violation are related to the non-exponential behavior of the autocorrelation function of the shear stress and non-Gaussian behavior of the distribution function of particle displacements. These results confirm dynamic heterogeneity that occurs in two-dimensional Yukawa liquids that reflects the presence of regions in which dust particles move faster than the rest when the liquid cools to below the phase transition temperature.
Cartan ribbonization and a topological inspection
Creators: name: Raffaelli, Matteo
name: Bohr, Jakob
name: Markvorsen, Steen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 70E18 (Primary) 53A17 (Secondary)

description: We develop the concept of Cartan ribbons together with a rolling-based method to ribbonize and approximate any given surface in space by intrinsically flat ribbons. The rolling requires that the geodesic curvature along the contact curve on the surface agrees with the geodesic curvature of the corresponding Cartan development curve. Essentially, this follows from the orientational alignment of the two co-moving Darboux frames during rolling. Using closed contact center curves we obtain closed approximating Cartan ribbons that contribute zero to the total curvature integral of the ribbonization. This paves the way for a particularly simple topological inspection -- it is reduced to the question of how the ribbons organise their edges relative to each other. The Gauss--Bonnet theorem leads to this topological inspection of the vertices. Finally, we display two examples of ribbonizations of surfaces, namely of a torus using two ribbons, and of an ellipsoid using closed curvature lines as center curves for the ribbons.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures. Major revision based on referee comments
Additional file 3 of A brain cyst load-associated antigen is a Toxoplasma gondii biomarker for serodetection of persistent parasites and chronic infection
Creators: name: Dard, Céline
name: Swale, Christopher
name: Brenier-Pinchart, Marie-Pierre
name: Farhat, Dayana C.
name: Bellini, Valeria
name: Robert, Marie Gladys
name: Cannella, Dominique
name: Pelloux, Hervé
name: Tardieux, Isabelle
name: Hakimi, Mohamed-Ali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 3: Figure S2. rBCLA purification steps. (a) Nickel-nitrilotriacetic (Ni-NTA) elution. SDS PAGE electrophoresis of flow though (Ft) and elution fractions 3 to 12. Cter-BCLA (rBCLA) is shown by the black arrow migrating above the 17 kDa molecular weight marker and enriched during Ni-NTA elution. (b) Mono-Q anion exchange chromatography. Gradient elution chromatogram with the 280 nm absorbance curve in blue and conductivity curve in orange. The elution fraction numbers are numbered on the chromatogram in light grey. The SDS PAGE gel colored by Coomassie Blue is shown with the sample (load) followed by the elution fractions F31 to F49. rBCLA is shown by a black arrow. Fractions kept for further purification are highlighted using a dotted bar. (c) Size exclusion chromatography. Chromatogram following 280 nm absorbance (blue curve) as a function of elution volume with sampled fractions in light grey. Superposed is the SDS PAGE electrophoresis showing the previous step pool prior to concentration (Load) and eluted fractions. rBCLA is shown by a black arrow. Fractions kept for further purification are highlighted using a dotted bar.