cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Regular and Chaotic Motion in General Relativity: The Case of a Massive Magnetic Dipole
Creators: name: Kopáček, Ondřej
name: Kovář, Jiří
name: Karas, Vladimír
name: Kojima, Yasufumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Circular motion of particles, dust grains and fluids in the vicinity of compact objects has been investigated as a model for accretion of gaseous and dusty environment. Here we further discuss, within the framework of general relativity, figures of equilibrium of matter under the influence of combined gravitational and large-scale magnetic fields, assuming that the accreted material acquires a small electric charge due to interplay of plasma processes and photoionization. In particular, we employ an exact solution describing the massive magnetic dipole and we identify the regions of stable motion. We also investigate situations when the particle dynamics exhibits the onset of chaos. In order to characterize the measure of chaoticness we employ techniques of Poincaré surfaces of section and of recurrence plots.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, published in the proceedings of the conference "Relativity and Gravitation: 100 Years after Einstein in Prague" (25. - 29. 6. 2012, Prague)
Guises and Disguises of Quadratic Divergences
Creators: name: Cherchiglia, A. L.
name: Vieira, A. R.
name: Hiller, Brigitte
name: Scarpelli, A. P. Baêta
name: Sampaio, Marcos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this contribution, we present a new perspective on the control of quadratic divergences in quantum field theory, in general, and in the Higgs naturalness problem, in particular. Our discussion is essentially based on an approach where UV divergences are parameterized, after being reduced to basic divergent integrals (BDI) in one internal momentum, as functions of a cutoff and a renormalization group scale $λ$. We illustrate our proposal with well-known examples, such as the gluon vacuum self energy of QCD and the Higgs decay in two photons within this approach. We also discuss frameworks in effective low-energy QCD models, where quadratic divergences are indeed fundamental.
description: Accepted for publication at Annals of Physics
The development and correlates of academic interests from childhood through adolescence.
Creators: name: McHale, Susan M.
name: Crouter, Ann C.
name: Dotterer, Aryn M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Study goals were to assess: (1) the development of academic interests from middle childhood through late adolescence, (2) the degree to which junior high and high school transitions, parents’ educational expectations, interests, and education, were related to changes in academic interests, and (3) the longitudinal links between youth’s academic interests and school grades. Participants were mothers, fathers, and two siblings from 201, White, working and middle class families who were interviewed in their homes on up to 9 annual occasions. Multi-level model analyses revealed overall declines in youth’s interests over time, with boys showing more rapid decline than girls. Mothers’ educational expectations were positively related to youth’s interests, and youth’s interests declined less when fathers had more education. The transition to junior high, but not high school, was linked to decline in interests, but this was buffered by mothers’ academic interests. Declines in youth’s academic interests were linked to declines in school grades.
A common optical algorithm for the evaluation of specular spin polarized neutron and Mössbauer reflectivities
Creators: name: Deák, L
name: Bottyán, L.
name: Nagy, D. L.
name: Spiering, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the general approach of Lax for multiple scattering of waves a 2x2 covariant expression for the reflectivity of polarized slow neutrons of a magnetic layer structure of arbitrary complexity is given including polarization effects of the external magnetic field. The present formalism is identical to the earlier published one for the (nuclear) resonant X-ray (Mossbauer) reflectivity and properly takes the effect of the external magnetic field of arbitrary direction on the neutron beam into account. The form of the reflectivity matrix allows for an efficient numerical calculation.
description: 4 pages, no figures, PNCMI2000 - Proceeding of the Third International Workshop on Polarized Neutrons
Identification and parameter determination of F-type Herbig stars from LAMOST DR8
Creators: name: Zhang, Yun-Jin
name: Luo, A-Li
name: Jiang, Bi-Wei
name: Hou, Wen
name: Zuo, Fang
name: Du, Bing
name: Li, Shuo
name: Zhao, Yong-Heng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify 20 F-type Herbig stars and provide a list of 22 pre-main-sequence candidates from LAMOST DR8. The effective temperature, distance, extinction, stellar luminosity, mass, and radius are derived for each Herbig star based on optical spectra, photometry, Gaia EDR3 parallaxes, and pre-main-sequence evolutionary tracks. According to spectral energy distributions, 19 F-type Herbig stars belong to Class II YSOs, and one belongs to the flat-spectrum class. Four have Spitzer IRS spectra, of which three show extremely weak polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emissions, and three with both amorphous and crystalline silicate emissions share the similar parameters and are at the same evolutionary stage. We detect a solar-nearby outbursting EXor Herbig star J034344.48+314309.3, possible precursor of a Herbig Ae star. Intense emission lines of HI, HeI, OI, NaI, and CaII originated from the rapid accretion during the outbursts are detected in its optical spectra, and silicate emission features are detected in its infrared spectrum. We also make a statistic analysis on the disk properties of all known Herbig stars using the defined infrared spectral indices. The proportion of Herbig stars with moderate infrared excesses decreases as effective temperature increases. The majority of the precursors (F-, G-, or K- type) have moderate infrared excesses. Hotter Herbig stars tend to have a larger proportion with large infrared excesses. The trends may be due to the fact that hotter stars have larger areas of re-emitting dust, although there is some scatter due to the particularities of each disk.
description: 23 pages, 9 Figures, ApJ accepted
Working Principle of the Calibration Algorithm for High Dynamic Range Solar Imaging with Square Kilometre Array Precursor
Creators: name: Kansabanik, Devojyoti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Imaging the low-frequency radio Sun is an intrinsically challenging problem. Meter-wavelength solar emission spans angular scales from a few arcminutes to a few degrees. These emissions show temporal and spectral variability on a sub-second and sub-MHz scales. The brightness temperature of these emissions also varies by many orders of magnitude, which requires high-dynamic-range spectroscopic snapshot imaging. With the unique array configuration of the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), and the robust calibration and imaging pipeline, Automated Imaging Routine for the Compact Arrays for the Radio Sun (AIRCARS) produces the best spectroscopic snapshot solar images available to date. The working principle and the strength of this algorithm are demonstrated using statistical analysis and simulation. AIRCARS uses the partial phase stability of the MWA, which has a compact core with a large number of antenna elements distributed over a small array footprint. The strength of this algorithm makes it a state-of-the-art calibration and imaging pipeline for low-frequency solar imaging, which is expected to be highly suitable for the upcoming Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and other future radio interferometers for producing high-dynamic-range and high-fidelity images of the Sun.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures. Published at Solar Physics
Structured input-output analysis of stably stratified plane Couette flow
Creators: name: Liu, Chang
name: Caulfield, Colm-cille P.
name: Gayme, Dennice F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We employ a recently introduced structured input-output analysis (SIOA) approach to analyze streamwise and spanwise wavelengths of flow structures in stably stratified plane Couette flow. In the low-Reynolds number ($Re$) low-bulk Richardson number ($Ri_b$) spatially intermittent regime, we demonstrate that SIOA predicts high amplification associated with wavelengths corresponding to the characteristic oblique turbulent bands in this regime. SIOA also identifies quasi-horizontal flow structures resembling the turbulent-laminar layers commonly observed in the high-$Re$ high-$Ri_b$ intermittent regime. An SIOA across a range of $Ri_b$ and $Re$ values suggests that the classical Miles-Howard stability criterion ($Ri_b\leq 1/4$) is associated with a change in the most amplified flow structures when Prandtl number is close to one ($Pr\approx 1$). However, for $Pr\ll 1$, the most amplified flow structures are determined by the product $PrRi_b$. For $Pr\gg 1$, SIOA identifies another quasi-horizontal flow structure that we show is principally associated with density perturbations. We further demonstrate the dominance of this density-associated flow structure in the high $Pr$ limit by constructing analytical scaling arguments for the amplification in terms of $Re$ and $Pr$ under the assumptions of unstratified flow (with $Ri_b=0$) and streamwise invariance.
description: 27 pages, 12 figures
Short and dynamic: succession of invertebrate community over a hydroperiod in ephemeral wetlands on arable land
Creators: name: Devánová, Alžbeta
name: Sychra, Jan
name: Výravský, David
name: Šorf, Michal
name: Bojková, Jindřiška
name: Horsák, Michal
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: While it is well known that the temporal dynamics of aquatic invertebrate communities are influenced by the length of hydroperiods, only temporary wetlands with relatively long hydroperiods have been well studied. In contrast, few studies have focused on ephemeral wetlands, primarily represented by extremely ephemeral rock pools. In Central Europe, many ephemeral wetlands develop spontaneously directly on arable land, often on the sites of former natural wetlands that have been drained and converted to agricultural land. Here, we focused on aquatic invertebrates in ten ephemeral pools on arable land in southern Moravia, which were studied from inundation to desiccation. Despite relatively short hydroperiods of 5 to 11 weeks, we observed significant changes in community composition, including species replacement. Dynamics differed between macroinvertebrates and microcrustaceans and between different macroinvertebrate feeding and dispersal groups. Predation pressure increased over time and was highest during drying. Passive dispersers were most abundant during the middle phase, while the abundance of active dispersers increased throughout the hydroperiod. Because we did not detect a significant effect of any environmental factor on community change over time, we suppose, that the dynamic was driven by differences in species traits and biotic interactions rather than by the changing environment. This study fills a gap in our knowledge of the temporal dynamics of aquatic invertebrate communities in temporary wetlands by investigating wetlands with short, but not extremely ephemeral, hydroperiods.
Singular Pöschl-Teller II potentials and gravitating kinks
Creators: name: Zhong, Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a two-dimensional (2D) gravitating kink model, for which both the background field equations and the linear perturbation equation are exactly solvable. The background solution describes a sine-Gordon kink that interpolating between two asymptotic AdS$_2$ spaces, and can be regarded as a 2D thick brane world solution. The linear perturbation equation can be recasted into a Schrödinger-like equation with singular Pöschl-Teller II potentials. There is no tachyonic state in the spectrum, so the solution is stable against the linear perturbations. Besides, there can be $n=0,1,2,\cdots$ bounded vibrational modes around the kink. The number of these vibrational modes varies with model parameters.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures. Minor revision of the text, Fig. 2 is redrawn, and some new references are added
Does sterol availability in a forested headwater stream constitute a nutritional constraint for macroinvertebrates?
Creators: name: Labed-Veydert, Tiphaine
name: Bec, Alexandre
name: Danger, Michael
name: Perrière, Fanny
name: Desvilettes, Christian
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Headwater streams are characterised by a predominantly heterotrophic functioning resulting from leaf litter input. However, autochthonous primary production can also contribute to energy fluxes and the supply of nutrients. While much work has focused on the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids as essential nutrients, less attention has been paid to the significance of sterols in stream food webs. Yet they are molecules essential to arthropods which can only synthesise cholesterol from a limited range of dietary sterols. In a headwater stream, we tracked the transfer of dominant sterols from allochthonous and autochthonous resources to five benthic macroinvertebrates. Despite their formal functional feeding group, all the taxa tended to be opportunistic omnivores that relied on all available resources. These behaviours could be attributed to nutritional constraints in the stream food web. But these constraints were not related to the sterol supply from the different basal sources. Dominant sterols from detrital sources (leaf litter, fine benthic organic matter or FBOM) and primary producers (epilithic biofilms, bryophytes) were all Δ5-sterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, epibrassicasterol). The levels of cholesterol detected in macroinvertebrates, as well as the presence of desmosterol, indicate efficient dealkylation activity of these Δ5-sterols. Leaf litter has consistently shown high β-sitosterol/stigmasterol ratios, giving it greater nutritional value than usually accepted. But bryophytes and especially epilithic biofilms contained cholesterol, providing a direct supply to invertebrates, thereby promoting their growth. Detrital particles (FBOM) colonised by microalgae could be the best-balanced diet to avoid sterol deficiencies due to their cholesterol content and high β-sitosterol/stigmasterol ratios.
Halo Properties and Mass Functions of Groups/Clusters from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys DR9
Creators: name: Wang, Jiaqi
name: Yang, Xiaohu
name: Zhang, Jun
name: Li, Hekun
name: Fong, Matthew
name: Xu, Haojie
name: He, Min
name: Gu, Yizhou
name: Luo, Wentao
name: Dong, Fuyu
name: Wang, Yirong
name: Li, Qingyang
name: Katsianis, Antonios
name: Wang, Haoran
name: Shen, Zhi
name: Alonso, Pedro
name: Liu, Cong
name: Huang, Yiqi
name: Liu, Zhenjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on a large group/cluster catalog recently constructed from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys DR9 using an extended halo-based group finder, we measure and model the group-galaxy weak lensing signals for groups/clusters in a few redshift bins within redshift range $0.1 \leqslant z<0.6$. Here, the background shear signals are obtained based on the DECaLS survey shape catalog derived with the \textsc{Fourier\_Quad} method. We divide the lens samples into 5 equispaced redshift bins and 7 mass bins, which allow us to probe the redshift and mass dependence of the lensing signals and hence the resulting halo properties. In addition to these sample selections, we have also checked the signals around different group centers, e.g., brightest central galaxy (BCG), luminosity weighted center and number weighted center. We use a lensing model that includes off-centering to describe the lensing signals we measure for all mass and redshift bins. The results demonstrate that our model predictions for the halo masses, bias and concentrations are stable and self-consistent among different samples for different group centers. Taking advantage of the very large and complete sample of groups/clusters, as well as the reliable estimation of their halo masses, we provide measurements of the cumulative halo mass functions up to redshift $z=0.6$, with a mass precision at $0.03\sim0.09$ dex.
description: revised version submitted to ApJ
Rarity of microalgae in macro-, meso- and microhabitats
Creators: name: Görgényi, Judit
name: Krasznai, Enikő
name: Ács, Éva
name: Kiss, Keve Tihamér
name: Botta-Dukát, Zoltán
name: Végvári, Zsolt
name: Lukács, Áron
name: Várbíró, Gábor
name: B-Béres, Viktória
name: Kókai, Zsuzsanna
name: Tóthmérész, Béla
name: Borics, Gábor
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Climate change and human-induced habitat degradations result in loss of species diversity in natural ecosystems. While the extinction of macroscopic organisms has been well documented in both the scientific literature and the public media, we have only limited knowledge on the loss of microscopic elements of the ecosystems. Since rarity coincides with the increased risk of extinction, we investigated the commonness and rarity of microalgae in the Pannonian ecoregion. We reviewed the published literature of microalgal research in Hungary over the last 140 years and created a species-by-site matrix containing 2489 algae species and 1145 localities. Analysing this dataset, we found that although the core-satellite hypothesis suggests a bimodal site occupancy distribution, microalgae displayed a unimodal pattern with high number of rarely occurring species. We also demonstrated that the well-known negative relationship between the body size of organisms and the number of occupied habitats also holds for microalgae. Rarity values of taxa have a phylogenetic signal indicating that in terms of rarity, closely related species (desmids, dinoflagellates, euglenophytes) show considerable similarities. The various habitat types showed differences in the number of rare taxa. Small and medium-sized habitats (bog lakes, streams, oxbows) hosted the majority of rare species. These results highlight the conservation importance of small habitats in preserving microbial diversity.
The differential impact of early father and mother involvement on later student achievement.
Creators: name: Liu, Ying
name: Dyer, W. Justin
name: McBride, Brent A.
name: Hong, Sungjin
name: Brown, Geoffrey L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the direct and indirect effects of early parenting on later parental school involvement and student achievement. The sample, pulled from the first and second waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics – Child Development Supplement data set, consisted of 390 children ages 2–5 at time 1 and their families. Fathers’ and mothers’ participation in five dimensions of early parenting behaviors were assessed at time 1, while later parental school involvement and student achievement were assessed at time 2. Although early paternal and maternal parenting behaviors were not directly related to later student achievement, differences were revealed in the pattern of relationships between early parenting and later parental school involvement for fathers and mothers. In addition, fathers’ later school involvement was found to be negatively related to student achievement while maternal school involvement was found to be positively related to student achievement. These findings provide partial support for the hypothesized differential relationship between fathers’ and mothers’ early parenting and later student achievement.
The Gaia-ESO survey: A spectroscopic study of the young open cluster NGC 3293
Creators: name: Morel, T.
name: Blazère, A.
name: Semaan, T.
name: Gosset, E.
name: Zorec, J.
name: Frémat, Y.
name: Blomme, R.
name: Daflon, S.
name: Lobel, A.
name: Nieva, M. F.
name: Przybilla, N.
name: Gebran, M.
name: Herrero, A.
name: Mahy, L.
name: Santos, W.
name: Tautvaišienė, G.
name: Gilmore, G.
name: Randich, S.
name: Alfaro, E. J.
name: Bergemann, M.
name: Carraro, G.
name: Damiani, F.
name: Franciosini, E.
name: Morbidelli, L.
name: Pancino, E.
name: Worley, C. C.
name: Zaggia, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a spectroscopic analysis of the GIRAFFE and UVES data collected by the Gaia-ESO survey for the young open cluster NGC 3293. Archive spectra from the same instruments obtained in the framework of the `VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars' are also analysed. Atmospheric parameters, non-LTE chemical abundances for six elements, or variability information are reported for a total of about 160 B stars spanning a wide range in terms of spectral types (B1 to B9.5) and rotation rate (up to 350 km/s). We take advantage of the multi-epoch observations to detect several binary systems or intrinsically line-profile variables. A deconvolution algorithm is used to infer the current, true (deprojected) rotational velocity distribution. We find a broad, Gaussian-like distribution peaking around 200-250 km/s. Although some stars populate the high-velocity tail, most stars in the cluster appear to rotate far from critical. We discuss the chemical properties of the cluster, including the low occurrence of abundance peculiarities in the late B stars and the paucity of objects showing CN-cycle burning products at their surface. We argue that the former result can largely be explained by the inhibition of diffusion effects because of fast rotation, while the latter is generally in accord with the predictions of single-star evolutionary models under the assumption of a wide range of initial spin rates at the onset of main-sequence evolution. However, we find some evidence for a less efficient mixing in two quite rapidly rotating stars that are among the most massive objects in our sample. Finally, we obtain a cluster age of ~20 Myrs through a detailed, star-to-star correction of our results for the effect of stellar rotation. This is significantly older than previous estimates from turn-off fitting that fully relied on classical, non-rotating isochrones. [abridged]
description: 29 pages, 24 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Instruction, teacher–student relations, and math achievement trajectories in elementary school.
Creators: name: Keating, Daniel
name: Morrison, Fred
name: Crosnoe, Robert
name: Friedman, Sarah L.
name: Pianta, Robert
name: Clarke-Stewart, K. Alison
name: Burchinal, Margaret
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Children enter elementary school with widely different skill levels in core subjects. Whether because of differences in aptitude or in preparedness, these initial skill differences often translate into systematic disparities in achievement over time. How can teachers reduce these disparities? Three possibilities are to offer basic skills training, to expose students to higher order instruction, or to provide socioemotional support. Repeated measures analyses of longitudinal data from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development revealed that children with low, average, or high math skills prior to elementary school followed different but parallel trajectories of math achievement up through fifth grade. When enrolled in classes with inference-based instruction, however, the initially least skilled children narrowed the achievement gap as long as they did not have conflictual relations with their teachers. They did not make this kind of progress if they were in classes focused exclusively on basic skills instruction or if they were in inference-focused classes but had conflictual relations with teachers.
Teacher (mis)perceptions of preschoolers’ academic skills: Predictors and associations with longitudinal outcomes.
Creators: name: Voegler-Lee, Mary Ellen
name: Kupersmidt, Janis B.
name: Baker, Courtney N.
name: Arnold, David H.
name: Tichovolsky, Marianne H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Preschool teachers have important impacts on children’s academic outcomes, and teachers’ misperceptions of children’s academic skills could have negative consequences, particularly for low-income preschoolers. This study utilized data gathered from 123 preschool teachers and their 760 preschoolers from 70 low-income, racially diverse centers. Hierarchical linear modeling was utilized to account for the nested data structure. Even after controlling for children’s actual academic skill, older children, children with stronger social skills, and children with fewer inattentive symptoms were perceived to have stronger academic abilities. Contrary to hypotheses, preschoolers with more behavior problems were perceived by teachers to have significantly better pre-academic abilities than they actually had. Teachers’ perceptions were not associated with child gender or child race/ethnicity. Although considerable variability was due to teacher-level characteristics, child characteristics explained 42% of the variability in teachers’ perceptions about children’s language and pre-literacy ability and 41% of the variability in teachers’ perceptions about mathability. Notably, these perceptions appear to have important impacts over time. Controlling for child baseline academic skill and child characteristics, teacher perceptions early in the preschool year were significantly associated with child academic outcomes during the spring for both language and pre-literacy and math. Study implications with regard to the achievement gap are discussed.
Space-time analogy and its application to design schemes borrowed from Fourier optics for processing ultrafast optical signals
Creators: name: Shakhmuratov, R. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Square-wave pulse generation with a variable duty ratio can be realized with the help of ideas of Talbot array illuminators formulated for binary phase gratings. A binary temporal phase modulation of CW laser field propagating through a group-delay-dispersion circuit of the fractional Talbot length $P/Q$ results in a well defined sequence of square-wave-form pulses. When $P=1$ a duty ratio of the pulses $D$ is $1/2$ for $Q=4$ and $1/3$ for $Q=3$ and 6. Maximum intensity of the pulses doubles and triples compared to the CW intensity for $D=1/2$ and $1/3$, respectively. These pulses can be used for return-to-zero laser field modulation in optical fiber communication. For $D=1/3$ extra features between the pulses are found originating from a finite rise and drop time of phase in a binary phase modulation. Similar effect as a benefit of the time-space analogy is predicted for binary phase gratings and interpreted as gleams produced by imperfect edges of the components of the rectangular phase gratings.
La normalizzazione della sorveglianza di massa nella prassi giurisprudenziale delle Corti di Strasburgo e Lussemburgo: verso il cambio di paradigma del rapporto privacy v. security
Creators: name: Nino, Michele
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2022
Subjects: Mass surveillance of personal data
European Court of Human Rights
Court of Justice of the European Union
Right to the protection of personal data and privacy

description: This essay deals with the analysis of the legality of the mass surveillance of personal data under international and European law in the light of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union. The contribution examines an important change of approach expressed over the years by these courts: on the one hand, in the first phase of their case law, the Courts had established the incompatibility of the indiscriminate and widespread collection of personal information with the European Convention on Human Rights and the relevant EU legislation on individual privacy; on the other hand, in the second phase the legality of said collection was affirmed. The article underlines that this new orientation, based on the paradigm shift between privacy and security and aimed at normalizing mass surveillance in the fight against terrorism and organized crime, raises several and complex issues with regard to the observance of human rights protected both by the Strasbourg system and by European Union law.
Electrochemical dopamine detection: Comparing gold and carbon fiber microelectrodes using background subtracted fast scan cyclic voltammetry
Creators: name: McCarty, Gregory S.
name: Wightman, R. Mark
name: Zachek, Matthew K.
name: Hermans, Andre
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Electrochemical detection is becoming increasingly important for the detection of biological species. Most current biological research with electrochemical detection is done with carbon fiber electrodes due to their many beneficial properties. The ability to build electrochemical sensor from noble metals instead of carbon fibers may be beneficial in developing inexpensive multiplexed electrochemical detection schemes. To advance understanding and to test the feasibility of using noble metal electrochemical sensors the detection of dopamine, a biologically important small molecule was studied here. Specifically, dopamine detection on gold microelectrodes was characterized and compared to P-55 carbon fiber microelectrodes of the same geometry, using background subtracted fast scan cyclic voltammetry. While not as sensitive to dopamine as carbon fibers, it was observed that gold microelectrodes have six times the saturation coverage per area and 40 times the linear working range. Selectivity to dopamine, in comparison to several other neurotransmitters and their derivatives, is also quantitatively described.
Astrometry of Cassini with the VLBA to Improve the Saturn Ephemeris
Creators: name: Jones, Dayton L.
name: Folkner, William M.
name: Jacobson, Robert A.
name: Jacobs, Christopher S.
name: Dhawan, Vivek
name: Romney, Jon
name: Fomalont, Ed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planetary ephemerides have been developed and improved over centuries. They are a fundamental tool for understanding solar system dynamics, and essential for planetary and small body mass determinations, occultation predictions, high-precision tests of general relativity, pulsar timing, and interplanetary spacecraft navigation. This paper presents recent results from a continuing program of high-precision astrometric very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of the Cassini spacecraft orbiting Saturn, using the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). We have previously shown that VLBA measurements can be combined with spacecraft orbit determinations from Doppler and range tracking and VLBI links to the inertial extragalactic reference frame (ICRF) to provide the most accurate barycentric positions currently available for Saturn. Here we report an additional five years of VLBA observations along with improved phase reference source positions, resulting in an improvement in residuals with respect to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's dynamical ephemeris.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
title: Mental space as a computational metaphor for architectural design.
Creators: name: Ryong. Lee, Hwa
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: Despite the development of computational technology and AI over the past 40 years, it is the case that the application of computers for architectural uesign, especially in the early design stage, still remains in its infancy. This thesis searches for a solution, from a theoretical framework, for the computation of design, which is different from the problem-solving paradigm often adopted. Firstly, the thesis accounts for designing as a phenomenon of design thinking-action. That is, the two activities - doing the thinking and design action - usually occur and develop simultaneously, and are characterised as a creative activity and a visual thinking process. Secondly, in order to account for the mental mechanism occurring in design thinking-action, this thesis describes the designer's mind as with a metaphor derived from current theories in image processing research in cognitive science; the ideas of mental space. In the thesis, mental space is defined as a conscious system, which has its structure and functions that can transfer external events into inner symbolic representations (design thinking) and simultaneously visualise these internal representations during the external process (design action). Thirdly, based on these theoretical assumptions, I propose a mental space computational model, which is a design computational environment to attempt to mimic the mental operations and processes in the architect's mental space. It focuses on design activities rather than design cognition; the usefulness of computers for design rather than the computability of design; and design tools rather than memorybased intelligent systems. Throughout this thesis, I try to avoid the dualistic arguments which classify architectural design as either artistic or scientific, so that I can provide an inclusive theoretical foundation in explaining design phenomena for general design studies as well as for CAAD (Computer-Aided Architectural Design).
Evolutionary Search in the Space of Rules for Creation of New Two-Player Board Games
Creators: name: Halim, Zahid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Games have always been a popular test bed for artificial intelligence techniques. Game developers are always in constant search for techniques that can automatically create computer games minimizing the developer's task. In this work we present an evolutionary strategy based solution towards the automatic generation of two player board games. To guide the evolutionary process towards games, which are entertaining, we propose a set of metrics. These metrics are based upon different theories of entertainment in computer games. This work also compares the entertainment value of the evolved games with the existing popular board based games. Further to verify the entertainment value of the evolved games with the entertainment value of the human user a human user survey is conducted. In addition to the user survey we check the learnability of the evolved games using an artificial neural network based controller. The proposed metrics and the evolutionary process can be employed for generating new and entertaining board games, provided an initial search space is given to the evolutionary algorithm.
Long-Term Lithium Abundance Signatures following Planetary Engulfment
Creators: name: Sevilla, Jason
name: Behmard, Aida
name: Fuller, Jim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planetary engulfment events can occur while host stars are on the main sequence. The addition of rocky planetary material during engulfment will lead to refractory abundance enhancements in the host star photosphere, but the level of enrichment and its duration will depend on mixing processes that occur within the stellar interior, such as convection, diffusion, and thermohaline mixing. We examine engulfment signatures by modeling the evolution of photospheric lithium abundances. Because lithium can be burned before or after the engulfment event, it produces unique signatures that vary with time and host star type. Using MESA stellar models, we quantify the strength and duration of these signatures following the engulfment of a 1, 10, or 100 $M_{\oplus}$ planetary companion with bulk Earth composition, for solar-metallicity host stars with masses ranging from 0.5$-$1.4 $M_{\odot}$. We find that lithium is quickly depleted via burning in low-mass host stars ($\lesssim 0.7 \, M_\odot$) on a time scale of a few hundred Myrs, but significant lithium enrichment signatures can last for Gyrs in G-type stars ($\sim \! 0.9 \, M_{\odot}$). For more massive stars (1.3$-$1.4 $M_{\odot}$), engulfment can enhance internal mixing and diffusion processes, potentially decreasing the surface lithium abundance. Our predicted signatures from exoplanet engulfment are consistent with observed lithium-rich solar-type stars and abundance enhancements in chemically inhomogeneous binary stars.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, in review for MNRAS
title: Development of ultraviolet ray irradiation device for Gafchromic XR-SP2 films
Creators: name: Katsuda, Toshizo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quality assurance
subject: Physics
subject: CT
subject: Radiation physics

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Gafchromic film has been used radiation dose measurement in diagnostic radiology such as computed tomography (CT) [1, 2]. Especially, three-dimensional (3D) measurement of radiation dose using Gafchromic films of CT is intended [3, 4]. Nonuniformity...
Measurement of the $t\bar{t}$ production cross-section as a function of jet multiplicity and jet transverse momentum in 7 TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $t\bar{t}$ production cross-section dependence on jet multiplicity and jet transverse momentum is reported for proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV in the single-lepton channel. The data were collected with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and comprise the full 2011 data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb$^{-1}$. Differential cross-sections are presented as a function of the jet multiplicity for up to eight jets using jet transverse momentum thresholds of 25, 40, 60, and 80 GeV, and as a function of jet transverse momentum up to the fifth jet. The results are shown after background subtraction and corrections for all detector effects, within a kinematic range closely matched to the experimental acceptance. Several QCD-based Monte Carlo models are compared with the results. Sensitivity to the parton shower modelling is found at the higher jet multiplicities, at high transverse momentum of the leading jet and in the transverse momentum spectrum of the fifth leading jet. The MC@NLO+HERWIG MC is found to predict too few events at higher jet multiplicities.
description: 52 pages plus author list + cover pages (75 pages total), 17 figures, 13 tables, submitted to JHEP, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2012-03/
Enhancing electrochemical detection by scaling solid state nanogaps
Creators: name: Zachek, Matthew K.
name: McCarty, Gregory S.
name: Moody, Benjamin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The ability to quickly and inexpensively fabricate planar solid state nanogaps has enabled research to be effectively performed on devices down to just a few nanometers. Here, nanofabricated electrode pairs with electrode-to-electrode spacings of <4, 6 and 20 nm are utilized for monitoring an electroactive molecules, dopamine, in ionic solution. The results show a several order of magnitude enhancement of the electrochemical signal, collected current, for the solid state nanogaps with 6 nm electrode-electrode spacings as compared to traditional microelectrodes. The data from the <4 nm and 20 nm solid state nanogaps verify that this enhancement is due to cycling of the redox molecules in the confined geometry of the nanogap. In addition the data collected for the <4 nm nanogap emphasizes and reinforces that scaling does have limits and that as device sizes move to the few nanometer scale, the influence of a molecule's size and other physical properties becomes increasingly important and can eventually dominate the generated signals.
Techno-economic analysis of air-source heat pump (ASHP) technology for single-detached home heating applications in Canada
Creators: Artur Udovichenko, Lexuan Zhong
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2020

The air-source heat pump (ASHP) is a popular system that does not see much use in cold-climates despite its high potential in low carbon footprint. This study was designed to evaluate the techno-economic feasibility of its application to single-detached homes in Canada. First, a set of support vector regression (SVR) models was developed by a housing database for prediction of the exposed surface areas of homes in five Canadian cities: Vancouver, Toronto, Montreal, Edmonton, and Yellowknife. The predicted areas were then used to estimate the heat demands of all homes. As a result, the technical evaluation was conducted by comparison of the heat loss rate with the heat supply rate of ASHPs. Annual energy consumption was calculated using a bin method for furnace-alone and furnace/ASHP hybrid systems. Seasonal operating costs and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions were estimated by utility costs and emissions factors for each city. Our findings show that Vancouver, Toronto, and Montreal are technically feasible to adopt the ASHP

technology for economic and low GHG emission benefits. Although currently Edmonton and Yellowknife could not theoretically gain ASHP’s benefits, the ASHP technology is still a promising technology to be implemented in the future if renewable energy infrastructures are established.
Repolarization heterogeneity and rate dependency in a canine rapid pacing model of heart failure
Creators: name: Lux, Robert L.
name: Gettes, Leonard S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Repolarization heterogeneity and rate dependency have long been established as factors contributing to arrhythmogenic risk. However there are conflicting observations regarding the nature and extent of ventricular repolarization heterogeneity that complicate understanding of arrhythmogenic mechanisms. In order to explore these disparate findings, we studied ventricular repolarization heterogeneity and rate dependency in a canine, rapid pacing model of heart failure.
Short-term repeatability of electrocardiographic P wave indices and PR interval
Creators: name: Heiss, Gerardo
name: Whitsel, Eric A.
name: Gellert, Kapuaola S.
name: Snyder, Michelle L.
name: Soliman, Elsayed Z.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: P wave indices and PR interval from 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) are predictors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but their repeatability has not been examined.
Appendix for 'CATMA: Conformance Analysis Tool for Microservice Applications'
Creators: name: Cao, Clinton
name: Schneider, Simon
name: E. Ferreyra Diaz, Nicolás
name: Verwer, Sicco
name: Panichella, A. (Annibale)
name: Scandariato, Riccardo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 461201
subject: Automated software engineering

description: Full transcript of interview conducted for CATMA
Short-term repeatability of electrocardiographic Tpeak–Tend and QT intervals
Creators: name: Soliman, Elsayed Z.
name: Gellert, Kapuaola S.
name: Snyder, Michelle L.
name: Rautaharju, Pentti
name: Heiss, Gerardo
name: Matsushita, Kunihiro
name: Whitsel, Eric A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The electrocardiographic (ECG) Tpeak-Tend interval (TpTe) is associated with arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. TpTe offers a supplementary measure for the QT interval (QT), yet its repeatability has not been established.
title: Pre-irradiation duration of Gafchromic XR-QA2 for correction of non-uniform error
Creators: name: Katsuda, Toshizo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Radiation physics
subject: CT
subject: Dosimetry
subject: Quality assurance

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Radiochromic film is used for various kinds of radiation dose measurements and to perform QA, QC [1, 2]. It is planned in particular by the dosimetry in the diagnostic examination that it use for a three-dimensional measurement of the computed...