cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A movement planning heuristic package for quadruped ambulation over rough terrain
Creators: name: Buckland, Kenneth M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Legged walking machines offer a number of advantages over conventional wheeled or tracked vehicles. They can reach terrain that is inaccessible to conventional vehicles, and they leave fewer traces of their crossing behind on terrain that has not been prepared for transportation. This thesis details the development of a heuristic package that can be used to determine the movement plan of a longitudinally oriented quadruped walking vehicle ambulating over rough terrain. An investigation of walking machine research to date revealed that such work had not been done for quadrupeds that adjust their attitude to follow the terrain. This terrain following strategy was employed in the development of these heuristics because it provides superior movement capabilities on sloped terrain. The heuristics were tested extensively on a variety of simulated terrain conditions. These conditions consisted of different combinations of underlying terrain attitudes and terrain roughness levels. The heuristics performed well during the simulations, and the simulated machine responded as the theoretical analysis had indicated. During the course of this work, a number of new ideas related to quadruped ambulation were developed. These included how to generate the overall movement plan of a quadruped walking machine, how foothold locations can be guided to best facilitate smooth machine turning, how the speed of a walking machine can be maintained at consistent levels, and how to prevent any possibility of leg collisions. In addition, in-depth analyses were made on how stride length affects quadruped machine speed, what conditions force such machines to halt their forward movement, and how a practical machine should be designed.
T-duality and Generalized Kahler Geometry
Creators: name: Lindstrom, Ulf
name: Rocek, Martin
name: Ryb, Itai
name: von Unge, Rikard
name: Zabzine, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use newly discovered N = (2, 2) vector multiplets to clarify T-dualities for generalized Kahler geometries. Following the usual procedure, we gauge isometries of nonlinear sigma-models and introduce Lagrange multipliers that constrain the field-strengths of the gauge fields to vanish. Integrating out the Lagrange multipliers leads to the original action, whereas integrating out the vector multiplets gives the dual action. The description is given both in N = (2, 2) and N = (1, 1) superspace.
description: 14 pages; published version: some conventions improved, minor clarifications
Core excitation in the elastic scattering and breakup of $^{11}$Be on protons
Creators: name: Summers, N. C.
name: Nunes, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The elastic scattering and breakup of $^{11}$Be from a proton target at intermediate energies is studied. We explore the role of core excitation in the reaction mechanism. Comparison with the data suggests that there is still missing physics in the description.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. C
T-duality, quotients and generalized Kahler geometry
Creators: name: Merrell, Willie
name: Vaman, Diana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we reopen the discussion of gauging the two-dimensional off-shell (2,2) supersymmetric sigma models written in terms of semichiral superfields. The associated target space geometry of this particular sigma model is generalized Kahler (or bi-hermitean with two non-commuting complex structures). The gauging of the isometries of the sigma model is now done by coupling the semichiral superfields to the new (2,2) semichiral vector multiplet. We show that the two moment maps together with a third function form the complete set of three Killing potentials which are associated with this gauging. We show that the Killing potentials lead to the generalized moment maps defined in the context of twisted generalized Kahler geometry. Next we address the question of the T-duality map, while keeping the (2,2) supersymmetry manifest. Using the new vector superfield in constructing the duality functional, under T-duality we swap a pair of left and right semichiral superfields by a pair of chiral and twisted chiral multiplets. We end with a discussion on quotient construction.
description: 18 pages
title: Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications :
title: Report adopted by the Standing Committee.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0

description: The Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (hereinafter referred to as “the Standing Committee” or “the SCT”) held its nineteenth session, in Geneva, from July 21 to 25, 2008.
Possible X-ray diagnostic for jet/disk dominance in Type 1 AGN
Creators: name: Mattson, Barbara J.
name: Weaver, Kimberly A.
name: Reynolds, Christopher S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer Seyfert 1 and 1.2 data spanning 9 years, we study correlations between X-ray spectral features. The sample consists of 350 time-resolved spectra from 12 Seyfert 1 and 1.2 galaxies. Each spectrum is fitted to a model with an intrinsic powerlaw X-ray spectrum produced close to the central black hole that is reprocessed and absorbed by material around the black hole. To test the robustness of our results, we performed Monte Carlo simulations of the spectral sample. We find a complex relationship between the iron line equivalent width (EW) and the underlying power law index (Gamma). The data reveal a correlation between Gamma and EW which turns over at Gamma
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 14 pages
Μελέτες σε πρωτεϊνικές επικράτειες που εμπλέκονται σε κυτταρική διαφοροποίηση για οστεογένεση
Creators: name: Καρούλιας, Στυλιανός-Ζαφείριος Α.
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2017
Subjects: Βιοχημεία
Οστεογένεση
Bmp-2
Κυτταρική διαφοροποίηση
Biochemistry
Osteogenesis
Cell differentiation

description: Στα πλαίσια της προκείμενης διδακτορικής εργασίας, πραγματοποιήθηκαν μελέτες για τη δημιουργία ενός βιοϋλικού αποτελούμενου από μικρές και λειτουργικές, ως προς την οστεογένεση και τη χονδρογένεση, πρωτεϊνικές επικράτειες των παραγόντων ΒMP-2 και ΤGF-β1, αντίστοιχα, με πιθανή χρήση στην επούλωση καταγμάτων. Επιπρόσθετα, πραγματοποιήθηκαν μελέτες για την χαρτογράφηση της μετάδοσης του σήματος των παραγόντων BMP-2, TGF-β1 όπως και των μικρών δραστικών επικρατειών τους, διότι είναι γνωστό πως απορρύθμιση των μονοπατιών αυτών μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε παθολογικές καταστάσεις, όπως η εμφάνιση διαφόρων τύπων καρκίνου. Παρατηρήθηκε πως οι μικρές πρωτεϊνικές επικράτειες που σχεδιάστηκαν χρησιμοποιούν κυρίως το “κανονικό μονοπάτι” σηματοδότησης, αυτό των Smads πρωτεϊνών σε αντίθεση με το “μη κανονικό” μονοπάτι, αυτό των MAPKs, απορρυθμίσεις του οποίου συχνά ενοχοποιούνται για την εμφάνιση και ανάπτυξη των όγκων.
description: In this dissertation, studies were conducted for the development of a new biomaterial consisted of short and functional, osteogenic and chondrogenic protein domains of BMP-2 and TGF-β1, repsectively. The focus of the study is to understand and map the biochemical pathway of signal transduction to osteogenesis as a response to the extracellular effect of the shortest active domains of BMP-2 and TGF-β1. The goal of the study is to apply this biomaterial in orthopedic healing fractures.
Design-rule independent layout generation of PLA and gate matrix layouts for CMOS technologies
Creators: name: Gagne, David A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Automatic layout generation techniques can be used to generate layouts in arbitrary technologies if sufficient information describing the technology is available, and if sufficient constraints can be applied to device placement and routing. Two approaches can be taken to the automatic generation of layouts: the coordinate-free, or relative coordinate approach, and the origin-based, or absolute coordinate approach. Each of these methods was used to implement design-rule independent layout generators, the coordinate-free method on a PLA generator, and the origin-based method on a gate matrix generator. It was determined that the origin-based approach was more suitable to mask-level layout generation than was the coordinate-free system.
Improving Environmental Protection in Investor-State Dispute Settlement
Creators: name: MacLachlan, Claire
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law
Year: 2020

description: Investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) is an arbitral mechanism included in many international investment and trade agreements. Defenders of ISDS argue that it spurs international investment and economic growth in the Global South, but much debate has arisen over the impacts of ISDS on the capacity of low- and middle-income countries to protect their environmental interests. Opponents of ISDS contend that the system heavily favors investors, thereby discouraging states from pursuing environmental regulation for fear of risking a suit in ISDS, and that the lack of transparency in ISDS makes it nearly impossible to assess the environmental impacts of awards and settlements. This Note argues that ISDS must be reformed to better protect states’ environmental interests and proposes two mechanisms to do so: first, requiring a “fairness hearing” for all ISDS awards and settlements implicating environmental interests and, second, requiring that arbitral panels consider and disclose the environmental impacts of ISDS awards or settlements. These reforms are necessary to level the playing field for investors, states, and all other actors impacted by international investment.
description: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 46 No. 1 (2020): Volume 46.1
The Masses and Shapes of Dark Matter Halos from Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing in the CFHTLS
Creators: name: Parker, Laura C.
name: Hoekstra, Henk
name: Hudson, Michael J.
name: Van Waerbeke, Ludovic
name: Mellier, Yannick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first galaxy-galaxy weak lensing results using early data from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS). These results are based on ~22 sq. deg. of i' data. From this data, we estimate the average velocity dispersion for an L* galaxy at a redshift of 0.3 to be 137 +- 11 km/s, with a virial mass, M_{200}, of 1.1 +- 0.2 \times 10^{12} h^{-1} Msun and a rest frame R-band mass-to-light ratio of 173 +- 34 h Msun/Lsun. We also investigate various possible sources of systematic error in detail. Additionally, we separate our lens sample into two sub-samples, divided by apparent magnitude, thus average redshift. From this early data we do not detect significant evolution in galaxy dark matter halo mass-to-light ratios from a redshift of 0.45 to 0.27. Finally, we test for non-spherical galaxy dark matter halos. Our results favor a dark matter halo with an ellipticity of ~0.3 at the 2-sigma level when averaged over all galaxies. If the sample of foreground lens galaxies is selected to favor ellipticals, the mean halo ellipticity and significance of this result increase.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted to ApJ, uses emulateapj
title: Éthique, politique, religions. 2012, n° 1
title: Le prisme du totalitarisme
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unap)
Publisher: name: Classiques Garnier
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Absolutisme
subject: Démocratie
subject: Carl Schmitt
subject: Violence
subject: Théologie politique
subject: Autorité
subject: Nazisme
subject: Communisme
subject: Idéologie
subject: État de droit

description: Thierry Gontier, « Introduction » - Jean-Jacques Wunenburger, « Figures de l'absolutisme et reconfiguration sociologique du totalitarisme » - Étienne Balibar, « Le dieu mortel et ses fidèles sujets. Hobbes, Schmitt et les antinomies de la laïcité » - Tristan Storme, « De la fondation à la conservation de l'État de droit. La notion de violence chez Schmitt et Benjamin » - Céline Jouin, « Droit naturel et État mondial. Réflexions sur les dialogues entre Leo Strauss, Kojève et Schmitt » - Lucien Samir Oulahbib, « Actualité de Leo Strauss » - Thierry Ménissier, « Vers une connaissance émotionnelle de la domination. Une lecture des Origines du totalitarisme d'Hannah Arendt » - Francesco Paolo Adorno, « Le totalitarisme est-il une notion idéologique ? La réponse de Zizek » - Valentina Tirloni, « Le langage du totalitarisme. Victor Klemperer et George Orwell » - Philippe de Lara, « Sébastian Haffner et le mystère allemand » - Didier Delsart, « Platon peut-il nous aider à mieux comprendre le totalitarisme moderne ? »
Topological phases of the dimerized Hofstadter butterfly
Creators: name: Zuo, Zheng-Wei
name: Benalcazar, Wladimir A.
name: Liu, Yunzhe
name: Liu, Chao-Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the topological phases of the dimerized square lattice in the presence of an external magnetic field. The dimerization pattern in the lattice's hopping amplitudes can induce a series of bulk energy gap openings in the Hofstadter spectrum at certain fractional fillings, giving rise to various topological phases. In particular, we show that at $\frac{1}{2}$-filling the topological quadrupole insulator phase with a quadrupole moment quantized to $\frac{e}{2}$ and associated corner-localized mid-gap states exists in certain parameter regime for all magnetic fluxes. At $\frac{1}{4}$ filling, the system can host obstructed atomic limit phases or Chern insulator phases. For those configurations gapped at fillings below $\frac{1}{4}$, the system is in Chern insulator phases of various non-vanishing Chern numbers. Across the phase diagram, both bulk-obstructed and boundary-obstructed topological phase transitions exist in this model.
description: 19 pages(one column), 8 figures, Publish version
Will Section 94-C Enable Renewable Energy Project Siting and Help New York State Achieve Its Energy Targets?
Creators: name: Fields, Alexander
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law
Year: 2020

description: Through the enactment of the Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act (CLCPA), New York State (NYS) has adopted highly ambitious targets to address climate change. Achieving these targets will require a transformation of NYS’s electricity generation system, including a massive buildout of new large-scale wind and solar power projects. The success of this endeavor will depend on the ability of new projects to be efficiently sited through a streamlined process. This Note argues that the new framework adopted under Section 94-C of Article 6 of the New York Executive Law (Section 94-C) should enable this transformation. However, this is highly contingent upon whether the newly-created Office of Renewable Energy Siting (ORES) promulgates and enforces regulations and standards with the explicit intent of meeting the CLCPA targets. This Note examines how Section 94-C is an improvement from earlier siting regimes in NYS, which emphasized a time-intensive and comprehensive approval process primarily tailored to the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of fossil-fuel power projects. This Note explains how Section 94-C sought to bridge the historical disconnect between old siting statutes with NYS’s more recent priorities for renewable energy adoption and addressing climate change. This Note demonstrates how Section 94-C can bypass massive delays, provided that ORES establishes more reasonable and predictable substantive standards, as well as reduces the complexity and extent of procedural requirements for developers.
description: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 46 No. 1 (2020): Volume 46.1
Toxic Floodwaters: Strengthening the Chemical Safety Regime for the Climate Change Era
Creators: name: Sachs, Noah
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law
Year: 2020

description: Extreme flooding linked to climate change has caused toxic chemical spills across the United States, yet policymakers are not prioritizing industrial chemical safety in planning for climate change. Many scholars and industry executives have argued that existing private law mechanisms, such as insurance and tort-based deterrence, can adequately manage the risk of flood-induced chemical releases from industrial sites. But private law mechanisms have failed to prevent past incidents of mass contamination, and there is little evidence that tort law deters industrial firms from the practices that put communities at risk. In this Article, I engage in a comparative analysis of private law and public law approaches and conclude that the United States needs a robust effort, grounded in public law, to prevent toxic floodwaters incidents. The new effort should involve regulations and performance standards for chemical storage as well as other reforms to close gaps in toxic-chemical management statutes enacted nearly fifty years ago. These changes are necessary to make our chemical regulatory regime more protective as industry faces new risks from floods and rising seas.
description: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 46 No. 1 (2020): Volume 46.1
Cosmological Cutting Rules
Creators: name: Melville, Scott
name: Pajer, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial perturbations in our universe are believed to have a quantum origin, and can be described by the wavefunction of the universe (or equivalently, cosmological correlators). It follows that these observables must carry the imprint of the founding principle of quantum mechanics: unitary time evolution. Indeed, it was recently discovered that unitarity implies an infinite set of relations among tree-level wavefunction coefficients, dubbed the Cosmological Optical Theorem. Here, we show that unitarity leads to a systematic set of "Cosmological Cutting Rules" which constrain wavefunction coefficients for any number of fields and to any loop order. These rules fix the discontinuity of an n-loop diagram in terms of lower-loop diagrams and the discontinuity of tree-level diagrams in terms of tree-level diagrams with fewer external fields. Our results apply with remarkable generality, namely for arbitrary interactions of fields of any mass and any spin with a Bunch-Davies vacuum around a very general class of FLRW spacetimes. As an application, we show how one-loop corrections in the Effective Field Theory of inflation are fixed by tree-level calculations and discuss related perturbative unitarity bounds. These findings greatly extend the potential of using unitarity to bootstrap cosmological observables and to restrict the space of consistent effective field theories on curved spacetimes.
description: 48+11 pages, 5 figures
Open Science and Scientific Literature
Creators: name: Lazzeri, Emma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Open Access
Open Science
Scientific Literature
Scholarly Communication

description: An introduction to Open Science and Open Access to Scientific Literature, and European Commission mandate on Open Access for H2020 projects for the Panel "Plan-S: from principles to practice", within the event "By the Book6", Florence, Italy, Vila Finaly Thursday 27 June10:30-11:30.
Ultra-faint dwarf galaxies: unveiling the minimum mass of the first stars
Creators: name: Rossi, Martina
name: Salvadori, Stefania
name: Skúladóttir, Ása
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-detection of zero-metallicity stars in ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs) can be used to constrain the Initial Mass Function (IMF) of the first (PopIII) stars by means of a statistical comparison between available data and predictions from chemical evolution models. To this end we develop a model that follows the formation of isolated UFDs, calibrated to best reproduce the available data for the best studied system: Boötes I. Our statistical approach shows that UFDs are the best suitable systems to study the implications of the persisting non-detection of zero-metallicity stars on the PopIII IMF, i.e. its shape, the minimum mass ($m_{min}$), and the characteristic mass ($m_{ch}$). We show that accounting for the incomplete sampling of the IMF is essential to compute the expected number of long-lived PopIII stars in inefficiently star-forming UFDs. By simulating the Color Magnitude Diagram of Boötes I, and thus take into account the mass-range of the observed stars, we can obtain even tighter constrains on $m_{min}$. By exploiting the 96 stars with measured metallicities ($\rm i < 19$) in the UFDs represented by our model, we demonstrate that: $m_{ch} > 1 \rm M_{\odot}$ or $m_{min} > 0.8 \rm M_{\odot}$ at $99\%$ confidence level. This means that a present day IMF for PopIII stars is excluded by our model, and a top-heavy PopIII IMF is strongly favoured. We can limit $m_{min} > 0.8 \rm M_{\odot}$ independent of the PopIII IMF shape by targeting the four UFDs Boötes I, Hercules, Leo IV and Eridanus II with future generation instruments, such as ELT/MOSAIC ($\rm i < 25$), which can provide samples of >10\,000 stars.
description: Accepted by MNRAS
Improving immunization strategies
Creators: name: Gallos, Lazaros K.
name: Liljeros, Fredrik
name: Argyrakis, Panos
name: Bunde, Armin
name: Havlin, Shlomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an immunization method where the percentage of required vaccinations for immunity are close to the optimal value of a targeted immunization scheme of highest degree nodes. Our strategy retains the advantage of being purely local, without the need of knowledge on the global network structure or identification of the highest degree nodes. The method consists of selecting a random node and asking for a neighbor that has more links than himself or more than a given threshold and immunizing him. We compare this method to other efficient strategies on three real social networks and on a scale-free network model, and find it to be significantly more effective.
MOESM1 of Modeling allele-specific expression at the gene and SNP levels simultaneously by a Bayesian logistic mixed regression model
Creators: name: Xie, Jing
name: Ji, Tieming
name: Ferreira, Marco A. R.
name: Li, Yahan
name: Patel, Bhaumik N.
name: Rivera, Rocio M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1 Supplementary Materials for â Modeling Allele-Specific Expression at the Gene and SNP Levels Simultaneously by a Bayesian Logistic Mixed Regression Modelâ .
Against the Tide: Potential for Marine Renewable Energy in Eastern and Southern Africa
Creators: name: Belletti, Elena
name: McBride, Milo
Publisher: name: Consilience
Year: 2021

description: Sub-Saharan Africa is at a crucial juncture in shaping its energy future: while two-thirds of its population lack access to electricity, the continent is projected to surpass China’s oil demand growth by 2040. Marine renewable energy (MRE), with far less intermittency than other renewable resources, can potentially contribute to sustainably electrifying Africa in the long term. However, the technology has been adopted by few countries worldwide, and there are no comprehensive studies of its potential in Africa, despite seemingly promising environmental conditions in the ocean, estuaries, and rivers of Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA). This paper discusses the potential for MRE electricity generation in ESA, and how to overcome some of the barriers to its development and implementation. The discussion addresses the concerns that are often associated with electricity generation in developing countries, such as equity, accessibility, and affordability. An analysis of the energy mix in the ESA region shows that MRE could fill some of the electricity supply gaps. The largest barriers to MRE are not technological, but rather linked to policy design and financing capacity. Three complementary solutions are outlined to set a working framework for MRE deployment in ESA: short-term, small-scale hydrokinetic river projects with public or private financing (similar to microgrid and off-grid solar projects); long-term, large-scale tidal projects with public and concessional financing (similar to geothermal power generation); and capacity building to ensure the employment of local citizens.
description: Consilience, No. 23 (2021): Issue Twenty-Three: 2021
Ο ρόλος των μεταλλοπρωτεϊνασών -2 και -9 στην αθηροσκλήρωση των ασθενών με χρόνια νεφρική νόσο
Creators: name: Δήμας, Γρηγόριος Γ.
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2017
Subjects: Μεταλλοπρωτεϊνάσες
Αθηροσκλήρωση
Χρόνια Νεφρική Νόσος
Λευκωματουρία
Matrix Metalloproteinases
Atherosclerosis
Chronic Kidney Disease
Proteinuria

description: Τα καρδιαγγειακά επεισόδια αποτελούν σήμερα κύρια αιτία θνητότητας και θνησιμότητας σε ασθενείς με ΧΝΝ. Αξιοσημείωτο είναι το γεγονός ότι η συντριπτική πλειοψηφία των ασθενών αυτών δεν προλαβαίνει να οδηγηθεί σε τελικό στάδιο και ένταξη σε πρόγραμμα υποστήριξης της νεφρικής λειτουργίας. Η παρουσία εμμένουσας λευκωματουρίας χαρακτηρίζει τη ΧΝΝ και τη νεφρική δυσλειτουργία, ενώ τελευταία δεδομένα την αναφέρουν και ως αίτιο νεφρικής βλάβης μεταξύ των ασθενών με ΧΝΝ. Τελευταία, συγκαταλέγεται και μεταξύ των νεότερων παραγόντων καρδιαγγειακού κινδύνου. Παρότι οι παραπάνω παρατηρήσεις υποδεικνύουν κάποια σχέση μεταξύ λευκωματουρίας, ΧΝΝ και ΚΑΝ, δεν έχουν διαλευκανθεί οι υποκείμενοι μηχανισμοί, με τους οποίους η λευκωματουρία συνδέει νεφρική και αγγειακή βλάβη σε ασθενείς με ΧΝΝ. Η οικογένεια των MMPs αποτελεί το κύριο σύστημα, που αποδομεί στον άνθρωπο, τόσο τις φυσιολογικές, όσο και τις παθολογικές πρωτεΐνες της ECM στο νεφρό και στα αγγεία. Τελευταία δεδομένα αναφέρονται στις ΜΜΡs -2 και -9 να εμπλέκονται στη ΧΝΝ και στην ΚΑΝ, πρωτίστως μέσω της αποδόμησης του col-IV, βασικού συστατικού της ECM και της ΒΜ των αγγείων και της GBM στο νεφρό, που άπτεται άμεσα του ενδοθηλίου. Η δράση των MMPs αυτών στην έναρξη και εξέλιξη της ΧΝΝ και της ΚΑΝ επιτυγχάνεται στις περιοχές του σπειράματος και του σωληναρίου στο νεφρό, αλλά και ευρύτερα των αγγείων, μέσω της αναδιάρθρωσης και δομικών αλλαγών των ιστών.
description: Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) especially in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). CKD is recognized by the presence of persistent proteinuria or renal dysfunction and several recent studies have reported that proteinuria is not just a marker of CKD, but that it could also cause renal damage in patients with CKD. Further, there is accumulating evidence that proteinuria is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well. These observations suggest the link of proteinuria to CKD and CVD. However, the underlying mechanisms by which proteinuria could cause renal and vascular damage in patients with CKD are not yet well investigated.
The Nonlinear Evolution of Galaxy Intrinsic Alignments
Creators: name: Lee, Jounghun
name: Pen, Ue-Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-Gaussian contribution to the intrinsic halo spin alignments is analytically modeled and numerically detected. Assuming that the growth of non-Gaussianity in the density fluctuations caused the tidal field to have nonlinear-order effect on the orientations of the halo angular momentum, we model the intrinsic halo spin alignments as a linear scaling of the density correlations on large scales, which is different from the previous quadratic-scaling model based on the linear tidal torque theory. Then, we analyze the halo catalogs from the recent high-resolution Millennium Run simulation at four different redshifts (z=0,0.5,1 and 2) and measure quantitatively the degree of the nonlinear effect on the halo spin alignments and its changes with redshifts. A clear signal of spin correlations is found on scales as large as 10 Mpc/h at z=0, which marks a detection of the nonlinear tidal effect on the intrinsic halo alignments. We also investigate how the nonlinear effect depends on the intrinsic properties of the halos. It is found that the degree of the nonlinear tidal effect increases as the halo mass scale decreases, the halo specific angular momentum increases, and the halo peculiar velocity decreases. We discuss implication of our result on the weak gravitational lensing.
description: ApJ in press, revised version, mistakes and typos corrected, discussion improved, 29 pages, 11 figures
Constraints on the Very Early Universe from Thermal WIMP Dark Matter
Creators: name: Drees, Manuel
name: Iminniyaz, Hoernisa
name: Kakizaki, Mitsuru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relic density n_χof non-relativistic long-lived or stable particles χin non-standard cosmological scenarios. We calculate the relic abundance starting from arbitrary initial temperatures of the radiation-dominated epoch, and derive the lower bound on the initial temperature T_0 \geq m_χ/23, assuming that thermally produced χparticles account for the dark matter energy density in the universe; this bound holds for all χannihilation cross sections. We also investigate cosmological scenarios with modified expansion rate. Even in this case an approximate formula similar to the standard one is capable of predicting the final relic abundance correctly. Choosing the χannihilation cross section such that the observed cold dark matter abundance is reproduced in standard cosmology, we constrain possible modifications of the expansion rate at T \sim m_χ/20, well before Big Bang nucleosynthesis.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures, comments added
On the Complexity of Robust Bilevel Optimization With Uncertain Follower's Objective
Creators: name: Buchheim, Christoph
name: Henke, Dorothee
name: Hommelsheim, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate the complexity of bilevel combinatorial optimization with uncertainty in the follower's objective, in a robust optimization approach. We show that the robust counterpart of the bilevel problem under interval uncertainty can be $Σ^{\text P}_2$-hard, even when the certain bilevel problem is NP-equivalent and the follower's problem is tractable. On the contrary, in the discrete uncertainty case, the robust bilevel problem is at most one level harder than the follower's problem.
On the formation of TeV radiation in LS 5039
Creators: name: Khangulyan, Dmitry
name: Aharonian, Felix
name: Bosch-Ramon, Valenti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent detections of TeV gamma-rays from compact binary systems show that relativistic outflows (jets or winds) are sites of effective acceleration of particles up to multi-TeV energies. In this paper, we discuss the conditions of acceleration and radiation of ultra-relativistic electrons in LS 5039, the gamma-ray emitting binary system for which the highest quality TeV data are available. Assuming that the gamma-ray emitter is a jet-like structure, we performed detailed numerical calculations of the energy spectrum and lightcurves accounting for the acceleration efficiency, the location of the accelerator, the speed of the emitting flow, the inclination angle of the system, as well as specific features related to anisotropic inverse Compton scattering and pair production. We conclude that the accelerator should not be deep inside the binary system unless we assume a very efficient acceleration rate. We show that within the IC scenario both the gamma-ray spectrum and flux are strongly orbital phase dependent. Formally, our model can reproduce, for specific sets of parameter values, the energy spectrum of gamma-rays reported by HESS for wide orbital phase intervals. However, the physical properties of the source can be constrained only by observations capable of providing detailed energy spectra for narrow orbital phase intervals ($Δϕ\ll 0.1$).
description: 14 pages, 26 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS, submitted on July 11, 2007
Green Evolution: Lessons from British Climate Policy, 1979-2020
Creators: name: Scheuch, Eric
Publisher: name: Consilience
Year: 2021

description: Over the last few decades, the approach that the United Kingdom has taken to climate policy has undergone a dramatic evolution, from a fierce opponent of climate policy at any level to a strong supporter of such policy at both the domestic and international level. That shift—which took place under both Labour and Conservative administrations—was driven primarily by two factors: increased public opinion in favor of climate regulation and a shifting judgment about the value of such policy to the British economy. This evolution holds four main lessons for advocates of sustainable development: 1.) Durable cross-party support for climate change policies is possible, provided that politicians view supporting climate policy to be in their interest; 2.) Public pressure after elections is as important as pressure during elections to ensure that politicians’ campaign promises match policies they enact in office; 3.) The business community can have a transformational effect on the policy debate when it recalculates the value of climate policies into its bottom line; and 4.) Ambitious governmental action on climate change is easiest when accomplished in steps, rather than in an overnight, all-or-nothing period.
description: Consilience, No. 23 (2021): Issue Twenty-Three: 2021
Flavour-Dependent Type II Leptogenesis
Creators: name: Antusch, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reanalyse leptogenesis via the out-of-equilibrium decay of the lightest right-handed neutrino in type II seesaw scenarios, taking into account flavour-dependent effects. In the type II seesaw mechanism, in addition to the type I seesaw contribution, an additional direct mass term for the light neutrinos is present. We consider type II seesaw scenarios where this additional contribution arises from the vacuum expectation value of a Higgs triplet, and furthermore an effective model-independent approach. We investigate bounds on the flavour-specific decay asymmetries, on the mass of the lightest right-handed neutrino and on the reheat temperature of the early universe, and compare them to the corresponding bounds in the type I seesaw framework. We show that while flavour-dependent thermal type II leptogenesis becomes more efficient for larger mass scale of the light neutrinos, and the bounds become relaxed, the type I seesaw scenario for leptogenesis becomes more constrained. We also argue that in general, flavour-dependent effects cannot be ignored when dealing with leptogenesis in type II seesaw models.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures; v3: minor additions, typos corrected, results and conclusions unchanged
Government Subsidization and the Reduction of Enteric Emissions in the United States
Creators: name: Baker, Patrick
Publisher: name: Consilience
Year: 2021

description: This paper explores policy options aimed at the mitigation of methane emissions produced as a byproduct of enteric fermentation in ruminant animals. Through a comparative analysis of government policies utilized in Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, this paper explores options for implementation within the United States. After focusing on the extensive subsidies received by the agriculture sector in the United States, this paper concludes that requiring farms and corporations to meet mitigation standards in exchange for subsidies is plausible and has worked in other, comparable foreign industries.
description: Consilience, No. 23 (2021): Issue Twenty-Three: 2021
When Nature Invades: Resident Perceptions of the Austerity-Driven “Re-Wilding” of an Urban Park in Rock Island, Illinois
Creators: name: Elliott, Christian
Publisher: name: Consilience
Year: 2021

description: In an era of rapid urbanization, a changing climate, and deepening political division, parks represent increasingly important places for urban residents to interact with, and feel connected to, the natural environment and the mental and physical health benefits it provides. Unfortunately, in an age of austerity politics, parks and recreation departments in Midwest Rust Belt cities often lack adequate funding to maintain such public spaces. Recently, the business-minded Rock Island, Illinois Department of Parks and Recreation has implemented a creative cost-saving management solution: “naturalizing” sections of its city parks. Using a mixed-methods approach, this interdisciplinary study aims to discover how the community members near two representative urban parks in Rock Island perceive this economically motivated “re-wilding” of long-manicured and domesticated urban nature. Resident reactions reveal enduring conceptions of a nature-culture divide, as well as the upper class, White ideologies that have historically shaped park construction and use in the United States.
description: Consilience, No. 23 (2021): Issue Twenty-Three: 2021
X-Ray Absorption from the Milky Way Halo and the Local Group
Creators: name: Bregman, Joel N.
name: Lloyd-Davies, Edward J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Million degree gas is present at near-zero redshift and is due either to a gaseous Galactic Halo or a more diffuse but very massive Local Group medium. We can discriminate between these models because the column densities should depend on location in the sky, either relative to the Galaxy bulge or to the M31-Milky Way axis. To search for these signatures, we measured the OVII Kalpha absorption line strength toward 25 bright AGNs, plus LMC X-3, using XMM-Newton RGS archival data. The data are in conflict with a purely Local Group model, but support the Galactic Halo model. The strongest correlation is between the OVII equivalent widths and the ROSAT background emission measurement in the R45 band (0.4-1 keV), for which OVII emission makes the largest single contribution. This suggests that much of the OVII emission and absorption are cospatial, from which the radius of a uniform halo appears to lie the range 15-110 kpc. The present data do not constrain the type of halo gas model and an equally good fit is obtained in a model where the gas density decreases as a power-law, such as r^(-3/2). For a uniform halo with a radius of 20 kpc, the electron density would be 9E-4 cm^(-3), and the gas mass is 4E8 Msolar. The redshift of the four highest S/N OVII measurements is consistent with a Milky Way origin rather than a Local Group origin.
description: 32 pages (14 figures); ApJ, in press
title: Neologica. 2008, n° 2
title: Revue internationale de néologie
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unap)
Publisher: name: Classiques Garnier
Year: 2010
Subjects: fr

description: Neologica, revue internationale de néologie fondée et dirigée par John Humbley et Jean-François Sablayrolles, vise à combler une lacune dans le domaine des sciences du langage, qui ne s'intéressent qu'épisodiquement ou indirectement à ce phénomène fondamental dans toutes les langues qu'est la néologie (aussi bien les créations formelles que les innovations dans l'emploi des unités lexicales: «mots» et séquences figées). Révélateurs du dynamisme des langues, les néologismes entretiennent des relations avec toutes les branches des sciences du langage. Leur étude est donc vaste et doit être conduite sous de multiples angles d'attaque, qui fourniront autant de thèmes pour les numéros à venir. Chaque numéro comprend en effet une partie thématique et une partie varia ainsi que des rubriques comme la bibliographie de la néologie, des comptes rendus, etc.
description: Neologica, an international review of neology, aims to fill a gap in modern language sciences, which take only episodic and indirect interest in a phenomenon which is fundamental in all languages.
Eco-Nationalism: A Historical Evaluation of Nationalist Praxes in Environmentalist and Ecologist Movements
Creators: name: Margulies, Morgan
Publisher: name: Consilience
Year: 2021

description: As human civilization prepares to rise up to the increasingly serious challenges presented by climate change, environmentalist rhetoric has been incorporated into other movements for political change. The historic convergence of environmentalist and ecologist movements with civic and ethnic nationalist political movements has revealed a seemingly natural affinity between the two. From anti-nuclear environmentalist mobilization in post-Soviet Russia to the ecologist sentiments underpinning the rise of the Nazis, I plan to investigate the efficacy of eco-nationalist praxis in local and national political mobilization. Drawing on theories of social mobilization, I argue that the nationalist leaders often commodify environmental mobilization resources, and only serve to limit the prolonged effectiveness of the environmentalist movement. Not only do I argue that nationalism erodes environmentalist resources, but also that the core values of nationalism are fundamentally inconsistent with environmentalism and ecologism. As the international community struggles to find solutions to global environmental threats such as climate change and biodiversity loss, it is essential to understand the historical role played by eco-nationalist groups in advancing and hindering the goals of environmentalist and ecologist groups.
description: Consilience, No. 23 (2021): Issue Twenty-Three: 2021
Quantum transport in electron Fabry-Perot interferometers
Creators: name: Camino, F. E.
name: Zhou, Wei
name: Goldman, V. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report experiments on Fabry-Perot electron interferometers in the integer quantum Hall regime. The GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure devices consist of two constrictions defined by etch trenches in 2D electron layer, enclosing an approximately circular island. The interferometer is formed by counterpropagating chiral edge channels coupled by tunneling in the two constrictions. Interference fringes are observed as conductance oscillations, similar to the Aharonov-Bohm effect. Front gates deposited in etch trenches allow to fine-tune the device and to change the constriction filling f relative to the bulk filling. Quantum-coherent conductance oscillations are observed on the f = 1 - 4 plateaus. On plateau f we observe f conductance oscillations per fundamental flux period h/e. This is attributed to the dominance of the electron-electron Coulomb interaction, effectively mixing Landau level occupation. On the other hand, the back-gate charge period is the same (one electron) on all plateaus, independent of filling. This is attributed to the self-consistent electrostatics in the large electron island. We also report dependence of the oscillation period on front-gate voltage for f = 1, 2 and 4 for three devices. We find a linear dependence, with the slope inversely proportional to f for f = 1 and 2.
Systematic approach to $B$-physics anomalies and $t$-channel dark matter
Creators: name: Arcadi, Giorgio
name: Calibbi, Lorenzo
name: Fedele, Marco
name: Mescia, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study renormalisable models with minimal field content that can provide a viable Dark Matter candidate through the standard freeze-out paradigm and, simultaneously, accommodate the observed anomalies in semileptonic $B$-meson decays at one loop. Following the hypothesis of minimality, this outcome can be achieved by extending the particle spectrum of the Standard Model either with one vector-like fermion and two scalars or two vector-like fermions and one scalar. The Dark Matter annihilations are mediated by $t$-channel exchange of other new particles contributing to the $B$-anomalies, thus resulting in a correlation between flavour observables and Dark Matter abundance. Again based on minimality, we assume the new states to couple only with left-handed muons and second and third generation quarks. Besides an ad hoc symmetry needed to stabilise the Dark Matter, the interactions of the new states are dictated only by gauge invariance. We present here for the first time a systematic classification of the possible models of this kind, according to the quantum numbers of the new fields under the Standard Model gauge group. Within this general setup we identify a group of representative models that we systematically study, applying the most updated constraints from flavour observables, dedicated Dark Matter experiments, and LHC searches of leptons and/or jets and missing energy, and of disappearing charged tracks.
description: 45 pages, 14 figures
Additional file 4 of Association of the gallbladder or biliary diseases with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Yu, Meng
name: Yang, Zheng
name: Chen, Chongxin
name: Lv, Yuhuan
name: Xiang, Linyu
name: Zhao, Subei
name: Li, Rong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Overall heterogeneity levels for each outcomes.