cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Less wrong: a more realistic initial condition for simulations of turbulent molecular clouds
Creators: name: Lane, Henry B.
name: Grudić, Michael Y.
name: Guszejnov, Dávid
name: Offner, Stella S. R.
name: Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André
name: Rosen, Anna L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulations of isolated giant molecular clouds (GMCs) are an important tool for studying the dynamics of star formation, but their turbulent initial conditions (ICs) are uncertain. Most simulations have either initialized a velocity field with a prescribed power spectrum on a smooth density field (failing to model the full structure of turbulence) or "stirred" turbulence with periodic boundary conditions (which may not model real GMC boundary conditions). We develop and test a new GMC simulation setup (called TURBSPHERE) that combines advantages of both approaches: we continuously stir an isolated cloud to model the energy cascade from larger scales, and use a static potential to confine the gas. The resulting cloud and surrounding envelope achieve a quasi-equilibrium state with the desired hallmarks of supersonic ISM turbulence (e.g. density PDF and a $\sim k^{-2}$ velocity power spectrum), whose bulk properties can be tuned as desired. We use the final stirred state as initial conditions for star formation simulations with self-gravity, both with and without continued driving and protostellar jet feedback, respectively. We then disentangle the respective effects of the turbulent cascade, simulation geometry, external driving, and gravity/MHD boundary conditions on the resulting star formation. Without external driving, the new setup obtains results similar to previous simple spherical cloud setups, but external driving can suppress star formation considerably in the new setup. Periodic box simulations with the same dimensions and turbulence parameters form stars significantly slower, highlighting the importance of boundary conditions and the presence or absence of a global collapse mode in the results of star formation calculations.
description: Submitted to MNRAS. 11 pages, 8 figures. See http://www.starforge.space/turbsphere_sigma_gas.mp4 for an animated version of Figure 2
Author-choice open access publishing in the biological and medical literature: a citation analysis
Creators: name: Davis, Philip M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this article, we analyze the citations to articles published in 11 biological and medical journals from 2003 to 2007 that employ author-choice open access models. Controlling for known explanatory predictors of citations, only 2 of the 11 journals show positive and significant open access effects. Analyzing all journals together, we report a small but significant increase in article citations of 17%. In addition, there is strong evidence to suggest that the open access advantage is declining by about 7% per year, from 32% in 2004 to 11% in 2007.
description: citation changes; final manuscript
The Hitchin Model, Poisson-quasi-Nijenhuis Geometry and Symmetry Reduction
Creators: name: Zucchini, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We revisit our earlier work on the AKSZ formulation of topological sigma model on generalized complex manifolds, or Hitchin model. We show that the target space geometry geometry implied by the BV master equations is Poisson--quasi--Nijenhuis geometry recently introduced and studied by Stiénon and Xu (in the untwisted case). Poisson--quasi--Nijenhuis geometry is more general than generalized complex geometry and comprises it as a particular case. Next, we show how gauging and reduction can be implemented in the Hitchin model. We find that the geometry resulting form the BV master equation is closely related to but more general than that recently described by Lin and Tolman, suggesting a natural framework for the study of reduction of Poisson--quasi--Nijenhuis manifolds.
description: 38 pages, no figures, LaTex. One paragraph in sect. 6 and 3 references added
Subjecting the corporation to criminal sanctions : a review of the issues
Creators: name: Brockman, Joan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis reviews some of the issues concerning the criminal liability and sanctioning of corporations and individuals involved in corporate crime. Prohibitions against conspiracies to lessen competition and illegal mergers under the Combines Investigation Act are used for illustrative purposes. The nature of these offences and the goals which they are designed to achieve, from an economic and political point of view, are discussed. The limitations of the criminal law and the criminal justice system, as presented by the Law Reform Commission of Canada and Professor Packer, are used to evaluate the appropriateness of the criminal law and the criminal justice system for enforcing prohibitions against conspiracies to lessen competition and illegal mergers. It is concluded that the system is appropriate for enforcing the laws against conspiracies to lessen competition and inappropriate for regulating mergers. The corporate entity is the most common vehicle through which conspiracies to lessen competition takes place. The nature of the corporation, how it makes and implements decisions, and its relationship to individuals within the corporate structure are examined in order to shed some light on how corporate behavior can be controlled. The present methods used to attach criminal liability to corporations and an alternative method, structural liability, are discussed. The liability of individuals involved in corporate crime through aiding or acquiescing, is also considered. There is a discussion of some of the rules peculiar to corporations. The goals which judges hope to achieve in sentencing corporations for illegal conspiracies and the appropriate criminal sanctions to be used to achieve compliance from corporations and individuals involved in corporate crime are considered. A number of recommendations are made with regard to improving the control of corporate behavior through the criminal justice system.
Conflicts in divorce jurisdiction and recognition
Creators: name: Reid, Nichola Jane Williams
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In an effort to adapt the law to modern society, the courts have expanded the bases on which divorces obtained abroad will be recognized in Canada and Parliament has modified the domestic rules for the assumption of jurisdiction in divorce petitions. This has resulted in a significant increase in uncertainty and inconsistency in the law, which is evidenced in the large volume of litigation in this area. Analysis of the grounds for recognition of foreign divorces gives rise to a further concern, that is, the effect of a foreign divorce on the right of a spouse or former spouse to financial support. The chief unresolved problem, at least as far as Canadian divorce legislation is concerned, is the protection of a spouse's right to financial support in Canada when a foreign divorce is recognized here. Furthermore, if a foreign divorce is not recognized here, its effect on the right to financial support seems to be somewhat uncertain. Having considered the objectives of the law in this field, together with the current law and alternatives available to the legislature, it is submitted that law reform is desirable. Specific recommendations are formulated at the end of each of the three parts of the thesis.
High-Energy Limit of Massless Dirac Fermions in Multilayer Graphene using Magneto-Optical Transmission Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Plochocka, P.
name: Faugeras, C.
name: Orlita, M.
name: Sadowski, M. L.
name: Martinez, G.
name: Potemski, M.
name: Goerbig, M. O.
name: Fuchs, J. -N.
name: Berger, C.
name: de Heer, W. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the absorption spectrum of multilayer graphene in high magnetic fields. The low energy part of the spectrum of electrons in graphene is well described by the relativistic Dirac equation with a linear dispersion relation. However, at higher energies (>500 meV) a deviation from the ideal behavior of Dirac particles is observed. At an energy of 1.25 eV, the deviation from linearity is 40 meV. This result is in good agreement with the theoretical model, which includes trigonal warping of the Fermi surface and higher-order band corrections. Polarization-resolved measurements show no observable electron-hole asymmetry.
description: 4 pages,3 figures
htof: A new open-source tool for analyzing Hipparcos, Gaia, and future astrometric missions
Creators: name: Brandt, G. Mirek
name: Michalik, Daniel
name: Brandt, Timothy D.
name: Li, Yiting
name: Dupuy, Trent J.
name: Zeng, Yunlin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present htof, an open-source tool for interpreting and fitting the intermediate astrometric data (IAD) from both the 1997 and 2007 reductions of Hipparcos, the scanning-law of Gaia, and future missions such as the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (NGRST). htof solves for the astrometric parameters of any system for any arbitrary combination of absolute astrometric missions. In preparation for later Gaia data releases, htof supports arbitrarily high-order astrometric solutions (e.g. five-, seven-, nine-parameter fits). Using htof, we find that the IAD of 6617 sources in Hipparcos 2007 might have been affected by a data corruption issue. htof integrates an ad-hoc correction that reconciles the IAD of these sources with their published catalog solutions. We developed htof to study masses and orbital parameters of sub-stellar companions, and we outline its implementation in one orbit fitting code (orvara, https://github.com/t-brandt/orvara). We use htof to predict a range of hypothetical additional planets in the $β$~Pic system, which could be detected by coupling NGRST astrometry with Gaia and Hipparcos. htof is pip installable and available at https://github.com/gmbrandt/htof .
description: Accepted to AJ. References updated in version 2. The Hipparcos 2007 Re-reduction Java Tool Intermediate Astrometric Data are available at , via the "zip file" link at https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/hipparcos/hipparcos-2 : "...human readable version of the IAD of the Java tool in a zip file [warning: ~350 MB]..."
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHARACTER.
Creators: name: Rakhimova, Feruza
name: Madaminjonova, Fatimakhan
name: No'monjonova, Maftunakhan
name: Holdarova, Yulduzkhan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: the article presents psychological and physiological data of the character and the theories of scientists, along with this information is given about the characteristics of the character in the development of the individual.
Generalizations of Gronwall-Bihari Inequalities on Time Scales
Creators: name: Ferreira, Rui A. C.
name: Torres, Delfim F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26D15; 34A40; 39A12

description: We establish some nonlinear integral inequalities for functions defined on a time scale. The results extend some previous Gronwall and Bihari type inequalities on time scales. Some examples of time scales for which our results can be applied are provided. An application to the qualitative analysis of a nonlinear dynamic equation is discussed.
description: This is a preprint of an article accepted (16/May/2008) for publication in the "Journal of Difference Equations and Applications"; J. Difference Equ. Appl. is available online at http://www.informaworld.com
Role of vacuum fluctuation forces in thin metal film stability
Creators: name: Benassi, Andrea
name: Calandra, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thin metal films are subject to the pressure caused by the zero point oscillations of the electromagnetic field, which depends upon the film optical properties and, in case of deposition onto a substrate, upon the substrate reflectivity. It has been suggested that this force may be relevant in determining the stability of deposited pseudomorphic films with respect to buckling or island formation. We present a detailed analysis of its behaviour as a function of the optical parameters and of the film thickness and we illustrate the conditions under which it may play some role. For free standing films it turns out that the film stabilization is basically due to the surface stress, which largely overwhelms the vacuum force. For epilayers on metal substrate the vacuum force may be important, and we give stability diagrams and critical thicknesses for several cases, illustrating how the flat surface growth may depend upon the film parameters. The importance of including retardation effects into the theory for a realistic determination of the stability conditions is also discussed.
Self-adjointness of Dirac operators via Hardy-Dirac inequalities
Creators: name: Esteban, Maria J.
name: Loss, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Q10, 35P05, 35Q40

description: Distinguished selfadjoint extensions of Dirac operators are constructed for a class of potentials including Coulombic ones up to the critical case, $-|x|^{-1}$. The method uses Hardy-Dirac inequalities and quadratic form techniques.
description: PACS 03.65.P, 03.30
Searching Water Megamasers By Using Mid-infrared Spectroscopy (I): Possible Mid-infrared Indicators
Creators: name: Lam, Man I
name: Walcher, C. Jakob
name: Gao, Feng
name: Yang, Ming
name: Li, Huan
name: Hao, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Water megamasers at 22 GHz with a gas disk configuration in galaxies provide the most precise measurements of supermassive black hole masses, as well as independent constraints on the Hubble constant in the nearby universe. The existence of other maser types, such as jet or outflow masers, represents another tracer for AGN science. However, the detection rate of water megamasers in galaxies is extremely low. Over 40 years, only $\sim$ 160 galaxies are found to harbour maser emission, and $\sim$ 30\% of them show features in their maser emission that indicate a disk-like geometry. Therefore, increasing the detection rate of masers is a crucial task to allow expanding on maser studies. We present a comparison of mid-infrared spectroscopic data between a maser galaxy sample and a Seyfert 2 control sample. We find that maser galaxies show significant peculiarities in their mid-infrared spectra: (1) Maser galaxies tend to present stronger silicate absorption at $τ$ 9.7 $μ$m than the control sample, (2) PAH 11.3 $μ$m emission in maser galaxies is much weaker than in the control sample, (3) spectral indices at 20-30 $μ$m are steeper in maser galaxies than in the control sample and tend to be mid-infrared enhanced population. We conclude that there may be good indicators in mid-infrared and far-infrared which could differentiate maser and non-maser Seyfert 2 galaxies. Upcoming infrared facilities, such as the James Webb Space Telescope, may be able to exploit these and other useful criteria and tracers for water megamaser observations.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 1 appendix; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Dynamics of interacting particle systems: stochastic process and field theory
Creators: name: lefevre, Alexandre
name: Biroli, Giulio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an approach to the dynamics of interacting particle systems, which allows to derive path integral formulas from purely stochastic considerations. We show that the resulting field theory is a dual version of the standard theory of Doi and Peliti. This clarify both the origin of the Cole-Hopf map between the two approaches and the occurence of imaginary noises in effective Langevin equations for reaction-diffusion systems. The advantage of our approach is that it focuses directly on the density field. We show some applications, in particular on the Zero Range Process, hydrodynamic limits and large deviation functional.
description: Article for the special issue of J Stat Mech on "Dynamics of Non Equilibrium Systems"
V404 Cygni with Fermi-LAT
Creators: name: Harvey, Max
name: Rulten, Cameron B.
name: Chadwick, Paula M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the well-studied outburst of the low mass X-ray binary (LMXB) system V404 Cygni, and claims of gamma-ray excesses observed with the Fermi-LAT instrument. Upon analysing an 11.5 year dataset with the 8-year LAT point source catalogue and 8-year background models, we find no evidence to suggest that there is high energy gamma-ray emission during the outburst period (or at any other time) from V404 Cygni. This is due to the proximity of V404 Cygni to the gamma-ray emitting blazar B2023+336, a luminous source approximately 0.3 degrees away, which causes source confusion at the position of V404 Cygni, the luminous gamma-ray background, and the use of older background models and catalogues in previous studies.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
A solar C/O and sub-solar metallicity in a hot Jupiter atmosphere
Creators: name: Line, Michael R.
name: Brogi, Matteo
name: Bean, Jacob L.
name: Gandhi, Siddharth
name: Zalesky, Joseph
name: Parmentier, Vivien
name: Smith, Peter
name: Mace, Gregory N.
name: Mansfield, Megan
name: Kempton, Eliza M. -R.
name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
name: Shkolnik, Evgenya
name: Patience, Jennifer
name: Rauscher, Emily
name: Désert, Jean-Michel
name: Wardenier, Joost P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the atmospheric carbon (C) and oxygen (O) relative to hydrogen (H) in hot Jupiters (relative to their host stars) provide insight into their formation location and subsequent orbital migration. Hot Jupiters that form beyond the major volatile (H2O/CO/CO2) ice lines and subsequently migrate post disk-dissipation are predicted have atmospheric carbon-to-oxygen ratios (C/O) near 1 and subsolar metallicities, whereas planets that migrate through the disk before dissipation are predicted to be heavily polluted by infalling O-rich icy planetesimals, resulting in C/O < 0.5 and super-solar metallicities. Previous observations of hot Jupiters have been able to provide bounded constraints on either H2O or CO, but not both for the same planet, leaving uncertain the true elemental C and O inventory and subsequent C/O and metallicity determinations. Here we report spectroscopic observations of a typical transiting hot Jupiter, WASP-77Ab. From these, we determine the atmospheric gas volume mixing ratio constraints on both H2O and CO (9.5$\times 10^{-5}$ - 1.5$\times 10^{-4}$ and 1.2$\times 10^{-4}$ - 2.6$\times 10^{-4}$, respectively). From these bounded constraints, we are able to derive the atmospheric C/H (0.35$^{+0.17}_{-0.10}$ $\times$ Solar) and O/H (0.32 $^{+0.12}_{-0.08}$ $\times$ Solar) abundances and the corresponding atmospheric carbon-to-oxygen ratio (C/O=0.59$\pm$0.08; the solar value is 0.55). The sub-solar (C+O)/H (0.33$^{+0.13}_{-0.09}$ $\times$ Solar) is suggestive of a metal-depleted atmosphere relative to what is expected for Jovian-like planets while the near solar value of C/O rules out the disk-free migration/C-rich atmosphere scenario.
description: This is the accepted "pre-proof" version. Minor editorial reference/figure/abstract differences from published version. Published version here: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03912-6
Hopping conduction in strong electric fields: Negative differential conductivity
Creators: name: Nenashev, A. V.
name: Jansson, F.
name: Baranovskii, S. D.
name: Österbacka, R.
name: Dvurechenskii, A. V.
name: Gebhard, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effects of strong electric fields on hopping conductivity are studied theoretically. Monte-Carlo computer simulations show that the analytical theory of Nguyen and Shklovskii [Solid State Commun. 38, 99 (1981)] provides an accurate description of hopping transport in the limit of very high electric fields and low concentrations of charge carriers as compared to the concentration of localization sites and also at the relative concentration of carriers equal to 0.5. At intermediate concentrations of carriers between 0.1 and 0.5 computer simulations evidence essential deviations from the results of the existing analytical theories. The theory of Nguyen and Shklovskii also predicts a negative differential hopping conductivity at high electric fields. Our numerical calculations confirm this prediction qualitatively. However the field dependence of the drift velocity of charge carriers obtained numerically differs essentially from the one predicted so far. Analytical theory is further developed so that its agreement with numerical results is essentially improved.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures. References added, figures improved
A Catalog of HI Clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Kim, S.
name: Rosolowsky, E.
name: Lee, Y.
name: Kim, Y.
name: Jung, Y. C.
name: Dopita, M. A.
name: Elmegreen, B. G.
name: Freeman, K. C.
name: Sault, R. J.
name: Kesteven, M. J.
name: McConnell, D.
name: Chu, Y. -H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A 21 cm neutral hydrogen interferometric survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) combined with the Parkes multi-beam HI single-dish survey clearly shows that the HI gas is distributed in the form of clumps or clouds. The HI clouds and clumps have been identified using a thresholding method with three separate brightness temperature thresholds ($T_b$). Each catalog of HI cloud candidates shows a power law relationship between the sizes and the velocity dispersions of the clouds roughly following the Larson Law scaling $σ_v \propto R^{0.5}$, with steeper indices associated with dynamically hot regions. The clouds in each catalog have roughly constant virial parameters as a function mass suggesting that that the clouds are all in roughly the same dynamical state, but the values of the virial parameter are significantly larger than unity showing that turbulent motions dominate gravity in these clouds. The mass distribution of the clouds is a power law with differential indices between -1.6 and -2.0 for the three catalogs. In contrast, the distribution of mean surface densities is a log-normal distribution.
description: 24 pages, 15 figures, ApJS, in press
Weak antilocalization in high mobility Ga(x)In(1-x)As/InP two-dimensional electron gases with strong spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Guzenko, Vitaliy A.
name: Schäpers, Thomas
name: Hardtdegen, Hilde
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the spin-orbit interaction in a high mobility two-dimensional electron gas in a GaInAs/InP heterostructure as a function of an applied gate voltage as well as a function of temperature. Highly sensitive magnetotransport measurements of weak antilocalization as well as measurements of Shubnikov--de Haas oscillations were performed in a wide range of electron sheet concentrations. In our samples the electron transport takes place in the strong spin precession regime in the whole range of applied gate voltages, which is characterized by the spin precession length being shorter than the elastic mean free path. The magnitude of the Rashba spin-orbit coupling parameter was determined by fitting the experimental curves by a simulated quantum conductance correction according to a model proposed recently by Golub [Phys. Rev. B 71, 235310 (2005)]. A comparison of the Rashba coupling parameter extracted using this model with the values estimated from the analysis of the beating pattern in the Shubnikov--de Haas oscillations showed a good agreement.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.B
Paralytoceras Frech 1902
Creators: name: Korn, Dieter
name: Weyer, Dieter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Goniatitida
Pseudarietitidae
Paralytoceras

description: Genus Paralytoceras Frech, 1902
Type species
Clymenia crispa Tietze, 1870: 135, by monotypy.
Genus diagnosis
Genus of the subfamily Pseudarietitinae with a circular or compressed whorl profile with raised ventral keel that is sometimes paralleled by two longitudinal grooves. Sculpture with collar-like ribs and spiral ornament.
Genus composition
Central Europe (Tietze 1870): Clymenia crispa Tietze, 1870.
South China (Ruan 1981): Pseudarietites lenticulus Ruan, 1981; Pseudarietites tricarinatus Ruan, 1981.
Remarks
Paralytoceras can clearly be separated from the other genera of the Pseudarietitinae by its sculpture, consisting in the middle ontogenetic stage of a succession of collar-like riblets that are often crenulated and cause a conspicuous spiral ornament. The genus could be related to Pseudarietites, as some of the Paralytoceras species show a very similar ventral shape with longitudinal grooves paralleling a raised ventral keel.
Specimens of Paralytoceras belong to the rarest Early Tournaisian ammonoids and are known from only few places worldwide (Lower Silesia, Rhenish Mountains, Guizhou). In all regions they occur in extremely low numbers; only two specimens of the type species are known from the type locality at Dzikowiec in Lower Silesia.Only a few fragmentary specimens are preserved from the Oberrödinghausen railway cutting.
description: Published as part of Korn, Dieter & Weyer, Dieter, 2023, The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany), pp. 1-230 in European Journal of Taxonomy 882 on page 189, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, http://zenodo.org/record/8177581
Improved Dynamical Masses for Six Brown Dwarf Companions Using Hipparcos and Gaia EDR3
Creators: name: Brandt, G. Mirek
name: Dupuy, Trent J.
name: Li, Yiting
name: Chen, Minghan
name: Brandt, Timothy D.
name: Wong, Tin Long Sunny
name: Currie, Thayne
name: Bowler, Brendan P.
name: Liu, Michael C.
name: Best, William M. J.
name: Phillips, Mark W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present comprehensive orbital analyses and dynamical masses for the substellar companions Gl~229~B, Gl~758~B, HD~13724~B, HD~19467~B, HD~33632~Ab, and HD~72946~B. Our dynamical fits incorporate radial velocities, relative astrometry, and most importantly calibrated Hipparcos-Gaia EDR3 accelerations. For HD~33632~A and HD~72946 we perform three-body fits that account for their outer stellar companions. We present new relative astrometry of Gl~229~B with Keck/NIRC2, extending its observed baseline to 25 years. We obtain a $
description: Accepted for publication in AJ. References updated in version 2. See the journal version for the full quality figures. Figure sets and the MCMC chains (reduced to just 1000 samples however) are included with the journal version of the article, and pre-publication at https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1_A8QYn9NyPgmGqJaY5sMHyT_wAS3uRRK?usp=sharing
Analytical formulation for soliton-potential dynamics
Creators: name: Javidan, Kurosh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analytical model for the soliton-potential interaction is presented, by constructing a collective coordinate for the system. Most of the characters of the interaction are derived analytically while they are calculated by other models numerically. We will find that the behaviour of the soliton is like a point particle living under the influence of a complicated potential which is a function of soliton velocity and the potential parameters. The analytic model does not have a clear prediction for the islands of initial velocities in which the soliton may reflect back or escape over the potential well.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
title: Towards Fine-grained Service Matchmaking by Using Concept Similarity
Creators: name: Polleres, Axel
Publisher: name: University of Galway
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Description logics
subject: Semantic Web
subject: Ontologies (Information retrieval)

description: Several description frameworks to semantically describe and match services on the one hand and service requests on the other have been presented in the literature. Many of the current proposals for defining notions of match between service advertisements and requests are based on subsumption checking in more or less expressive Description Logics, thus providing boolean match functions, rather than a fine-grained, numerical degree of match. By contrast, concept similarity measures investigated in the DL literature explicitly include such a quantitative notion. In this paper we try to take a step forward in this area by means of an analysis of existing approaches from both semantic web service matching and concept similarity, and provide preliminary ideas on how to combine these two building blocks in a unified service selection framework.
The construction of non-spherical models of quasi-relaxed stellar systems
Creators: name: Bertin, G.
name: Varri, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spherical models of collisionless but quasi-relaxed stellar systems have long been studied as a natural framework for the description of globular clusters. Here we consider the construction of self-consistent models under the same physical conditions, but including explicitly the ingredients that lead to departures from spherical symmetry. In particular, we focus on the effects of the tidal field associated with the hosting galaxy. We then take a stellar system on a circular orbit inside a galaxy represented as a "frozen" external field. The equilibrium distribution function is obtained from the one describing the spherical case by replacing the energy integral with the relevant Jacobi integral in the presence of the external tidal field. Then the construction of the model requires the investigation of a singular perturbation problem for an elliptic partial differential equation with a free boundary, for which we provide a method of solution to any desired order, with explicit solutions to two orders. We outline the relevant parameter space, thus opening the way to a systematic study of the properties of a two-parameter family of physically justified non-spherical models of quasi-relaxed stellar systems. The general method developed here can also be used to construct models for which the non-spherical shape is due to internal rotation. Eventually, the models will be a useful tool to investigate whether the shapes of globular clusters are primarily determined by internal rotation, by external tides, or by pressure anisotropy.
description: AASTeX v5.2, 37 pages with 2 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
The Steady State Fluctuation Relation for the Dissipation Function
Creators: name: Searles, Debra J.
name: Rondoni, Lamberto
name: Evans, Denis J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a proof of transient fluctuation relations for the entropy production (dissipation function) in nonequilibrium systems, which is valid for most time reversible dynamics. We then consider the conditions under which a transient fluctuation relation yields a steady state fluctuation relation for driven nonequilibrium systems whose transients relax, producing a unique nonequilibrium steady state. Although the necessary and sufficient conditions for the production of a unique nonequilibrium steady state are unknown, if such a steady state exists, the generation of the steady state fluctuation relation from the transient relation is shown to be very general. It is essentially a consequence of time reversibility and of a form of decay of correlations in the dissipation, which is needed also for, e.g., the existence of transport coefficients. Because of this generality the resulting steady state fluctuation relation has the same degree of robustness as do equilibrium thermodynamic equalities. The steady state fluctuation relation for the dissipation stands in contrast with the one for the phase space compression factor, whose convergence is problematic, for systems close to equilibrium. We examine some model dynamics that have been considered previously, and show how they are described in the context of this work.
description: 30 pages, 1 figure
On the efficiency of field star capture by star clusters
Creators: name: Mieske, Steffen
name: Baumgardt, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An exciting recent finding regarding scaling relations among globular clusters is the so-called 'blue tilt': clusters of the blue sub-population follow a trend of redder colour with increasing luminosity. In this paper we evaluate to which extent field star capture over a Hubble time may explain the 'blue tilt'. We perform collisional N-body simulations to quantify the amount of field star capture occuring over a Hubble time to star clusters with 10^3 to 10^6 stars. In the simulations we follow the orbits of field stars passing through a star cluster and calculate the energy change that the field stars experience due to gravitational interaction with cluster stars during one passage through the cluster. The capture condition is that their total energy after the passage is smaller than the gravitational potential at the cluster's tidal radius. By folding this with the fly-by rates of field stars with an assumed space density as in the solar neighbourhood and a range of velocity dispersions, we derive estimates on the mass fraction of captured field stars as a function of environment. We find that integrated over a Hubble time, the ratio between captured field stars and total number of clusters stars is very low (
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
All-optical probe of three-dimensional topological insulators based on high-harmonic generation by circularly-polarized laser fields
Creators: name: Baykusheva, Denitsa
name: Chacón, Alexis
name: Lu, Jian
name: Bailey, Trevor P.
name: Sobota, Jonathan A.
name: Soifer, Hadas
name: Kirchmann, Patrick S.
name: Rotundu, Costel R.
name: Uher, Ctirad
name: Heinz, Tony F.
name: Reis, David A.
name: Ghimire, Shambhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the observation of a novel nonlinear optical response from the prototypical three-dimensional topological insulator Bi$_2$Se$_3$ through the process of high-order harmonic generation. We find that the generation efficiency increases as the laser polarization is changed from linear to elliptical, and it becomes maximum for circular polarization. With the aid of a microscopic theory and a detailed analysis of the measured spectra, we reveal that such anomalous enhancement encodes the characteristic topology of the band structure that originates from the interplay of strong spin-orbit coupling and time-reversal symmetry protection. Our study reveals a new platform for chiral strong-field physics and presents a novel, contact-free, all-optical approach for the spectroscopy of topological insulators. The implications are in ultrafast probing of topological phase transitions, light-field driven dissipationless electronics, and quantum computation.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures
Sivers Effect for Pion and Kaon Production in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering
Creators: name: Anselmino, M.
name: Boglione, M.
name: D'Alesio, U.
name: Kotzinian, A.
name: Melis, S.
name: Murgia, F.
name: Prokudin, A.
name: Turk, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Sivers effect in the transverse single spin asymmetries (SSA) for pion and kaon production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) processes. We perform a fit of A^sin(phi_h-phi_S)_UT which, by including recent high statistics experimental data for pion and kaon production from HERMES and COMPASS Collaborations, allows a new determination of the Sivers distribution functions for quarks and antiquarks with u, d and s flavours. Estimates for forthcoming SIDIS experiments at COMPASS and JLab are given.
description: 16 pages, 19 figures; v2: no changes in results and conclusions; some sentences rephrased, few paragraphs (and references) added; a new table (table 2) with individual chi^2 per data points added; figures for JLab at 6 GeV removed; matches the version published on Eur. Phys. J. A
Auger recombination and carrier multiplication in embedded silicon and germanium nanocrystals
Creators: name: Sevik, C.
name: Bulutay, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For Si and Ge nanocrystals (NCs) embedded in wide band-gap matrices, Auger recombination (AR) and carrier multiplication (CM) lifetimes are computed exactly in a three-dimensional real space grid using empirical pseudopotential wave functions. Our results in support of recent experimental data offer new predictions. We extract simple Auger constants valid for NCs. We show that both Si and Ge NCs can benefit from photovoltaic efficiency improvement via CM due to the fact that under an optical excitation exceeding twice the band gap energy, the electrons gain lion's share from the total excess energy and can cause a CM. We predict that CM becomes especially efficient for hot electrons with an excess energy of about 1 eV above the CM threshold.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures (Published version)
Laser acceleration of small projectiles for hypervelocity impact experiments
Creators: name: Kjartansson, E. S.
name: Ortner, A.
name: Sander, S.
name: Helfrich, J.
name: Cihodariu-Ionita, B.
name: Schaumann, G.
name: Blazevic, A.
name: Bagnoud, V.
name: Roth, M.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2014
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2013 - GSI Report 2014-1
СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПРАВОВАЯ ОБУСЛОВЛЕННОСТЬ ОТСРОЧКИ ОТБЫВАНИЯ НАКАЗАНИЯ ЛИЦАМ БОЛЬНЫМ НАРКОМАНИЕЙ
Creators: name: Кузьмин Сергей Сергеевич
Publisher: name: Эпоха науки
Year: 2020
Subjects: Отсрочка отбывания наказания
лечение
реабилитация
освобождение от наказания

description: Наркоситуация в нашей стране с каждым годом продолжает ухудшаться, универсальной стратегии, позволяющей эффективно бороться с наркоманией на сегодняшний день попросту не существует, а применять жесткие меры к наркопотребителям стало неэффективно. Запретительные меры и суровые санкций не приносят результата, которого пытаются добиться законодатели. В тоже время наркозависимость является серьезным фактором, влияющим на рецидивную преступность. Для приобретения наркотиков наркопотребителям требуется большое количество денежных средств, добыть которые легально не представляется возможным. Таким образом, употребление наркотиков может стать причиной совершения иных, часто корыстных и корыстно-насильственных преступлений. Само по себе ужесточение наказания не может решить проблему наркотизации общества. Исходя из этого, можно сделать вывод, что важным элементом уголовно-правовой политики в борьбе с наркоманией должно стать лечение и реабилитация наркозависимых лиц.Но, несмотря на то, что это важный элемент уголовно-правовой политики в борьбе с наркоманией, существуют некие проблемы касаемо применения этой санкции. Одна из проблем в том, что, когда речь идет о наркозависимых людях, общепринятые программы исправления к ним не применимы, и требуется особый индивидуальный подход к каждому лицу непосредственно. Употребление наркотических средств приводит к необратимым изменениям в структуре головного мозга. После этого, наркопотребитель не в состоянии отказаться от наркотических средств. Поэтому заключение наркозависимого лица в места лишения свободы с целью исправления не имеет смысла и единственный действенный способ сократить уровень наркотизации населения, это отправлять наркозависимых лиц на принудительное или добровольное лечение в специализированные учреждения, что в свою очередь порождает как социальные, так и правовые последствия.
ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ОГНЕВОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ
Creators: name: Прозоров Антон Александрович
name: Гвоздев Алексей Константинович
name: Мудрик Илья Александрович
Publisher: name: Эпоха науки
Year: 2020
Subjects: огневая подготовка
сотрудник полиции
ОВД
оружие
пистолет
тир
занятие
профессионализм

description: В статье идет речь о путях достижения высокого уровня огневой подготовки сотрудников правоохранительных органов. Я считаю, что обучение слушателей и курсантов образовательных учреждений МВД России по огневой подготовке является неотъемлемой частью профессиональной подготовки сотрудников. Подготовленность к применению оружия связана с высоким уровнем профессионализма.
Boosting engine performance with Bose-Einstein condensation
Creators: name: Myers, Nathan M.
name: Peña, Francisco J.
name: Negrete, Oscar
name: Vargas, Patricio
name: De Chiara, Gabriele
name: Deffner, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At low-temperatures a gas of bosons will undergo a phase transition into a quantum state of matter known as a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), in which a large fraction of the particles will occupy the ground state simultaneously. Here we explore the performance of an endoreversible Otto cycle operating with a harmonically confined Bose gas as the working medium. We analyze the engine operation in three regimes, with the working medium in the BEC phase, in the gas phase, and driven across the BEC transition during each cycle. We find that the unique properties of the BEC phase allow for enhanced engine performance, including increased power output and higher efficiency at maximum power.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures
БОЕВЫЕ ПРИЕМЫ БОРЬБЫ ДЛЯ КУРСАНТОВ МВД РОССИИ
Creators: name: Смирнов Никита Михайлович
name: Паршин Сергей Владимирович
Publisher: name: Эпоха науки
Year: 2020
Subjects: ОВД
физическая подготовка
боевые приемы борьбы
обучение курсантов

description: В данной статье раскрывается проблема использования боевых приемов борьбы для курсантов МВД России , их развития и применения в дальнейшей службе в органах внутренних дел России
Critical properties of a dilute O($n$) model on the kagome lattice
Creators: name: Li, Biao
name: Guo, Wenan
name: Blöte, Henk W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A critical dilute O($n$) model on the kagome lattice is investigated analytically and numerically. We employ a number of exact equivalences which, in a few steps, link the critical O($n$) spin model on the kagome lattice to the exactly solvable critical $q$-state Potts model on the honeycomb lattice with $q=(n+1)^2$. The intermediate steps involve the random-cluster model on the honeycomb lattice, and a fully packed loop model with loop weight $n'=\sqrt{q}$ and a dilute loop model with loop weight $n$, both on the kagome lattice. This mapping enables the determination of a branch of critical points of the dilute O($n$) model, as well as some of its critical properties. For $n=0$, this model reproduces the known universal properties of the $θ$ point describing the collapse of a polymer. For $n\neq 0$ it displays a line of multicritical points, with the same universal properties as a branch of critical behavior that was found earlier in a dilute O($n$) model on the square lattice. These findings are supported by a finite-size-scaling analysis in combination with transfer-matrix calculations.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures
Signatures of quartic asymmetric exchange in a class of two dimensional magnets
Creators: name: Rakhmanova, G.
name: Osipov, A.
name: Ilyin, D.
name: Shushakova, I.
name: Ado, I. A.
name: Iorsh, I.
name: Titov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Indirect quartic interaction of spins is suggested to play an important role in two dimensional magnets with trigonal prismatic symmetry such as Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ monolayer. The proposed interaction is described by terms in micromagnetic energy that are linear in magnetization gradients. Such terms enable the stability of non-collinear magnetic textures. We investigate signatures of the quartic interaction in magnon spectra in the presence of anisotropy and external magnetic field. We also show how magnetic spirals, which are induced by the proposed interaction, can be manipulated by external field. Our analysis is based on symmetry considerations and can be used to quantify the quartic interaction strength in experiments with magnetic monolayers.
description: 5 pages; 3 figures
ОГНЕВАЯ ПОДГОТОВКА СОТРУДНИКОВ ОВД: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПУТИ ИХРЕШЕНИЯ
Creators: name: Казанцев Илья Андреевич
name: Мудрик Илья Александрович
name: Прекина Татьяна Алексеевна
Publisher: name: Эпоха науки
Year: 2020
Subjects: огневая подготовка сотрудников ОВД
тактическая подготовленность
самообразование

description: огневая подготовка сотрудников ОВД является одним из важнейших направлений их профессиональной подготовки. Огневая подготовка является постоянным и многоуровневым процессом. Проблемы огневой подготовки сотрудников ОВД на сегодняшний день являются актуальными и требуют решения в первую очередь вопросов по совершенствованию программы обучения.