cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dujardinascaris undetermined
Creators: name: Moravec, František
name: Jirků, Miloslav
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Rhabditida
Heterocheilidae
Dujardinascaris
Dujardinascaris undetermined

description: Dujardinascaris sp. third-stage larva
Fig. 26
Description (one specimen). Body fusiform, whitish, with finely transversely striated cuticle; length of body 10.1 mm, maximum width 381. Cephalic end rounded, anlagen of lips or larval tooth indistinct in lateral view (Fig. 26A). Lateral alae absent. Oesophagus narrow, 1.2 mm long, 57 wide. Ventriculus oval, 87 long and 54 wide. Nerve ring 258 from anterior extremity. Intestine narrow, brown-coloured; intestinal caecum long, extending anteriorly approximately along posterior three fifths of length of oesophagus; length of caecum 748, maximum width 60 (Fig. 26A). Genital primordium indistinct. Tail conical, 78 long, sharply pointed (Fig. 26B).
Host: Coptodon tholloni (Sauvage) (Perciformes: Cichlidae).
Site of infection: Encapsulated on intestinal serosa.
Locality: Bas Congo (Congo basin), Democratic Republic of the Congo, no precise location available (collected 29 June 2008).
Prevalence and intensity: 1 nematode found in the only specimen of C. tholloni examined.
Deposition of voucher specimen: IPCAS N-1138.
Remarks. Adults of most species of Dujardinascaris are parasites of crocodilians, only two species, D. malapteruri and D. mormyropsis, are parasitic in African freshwater fishes (see above). The life cycles of species of Dujardinascaris remain unknown, but it can be assumed that freshwater fishes play a role of the intermediate or paratenic hosts, in which nematode third-stage larvae may occur. To date, the only record of Dujardinascaris larvae in fishes is that of Baylis (1928), who collected the larvae presumed to be Dujardinia (= Dujardinascaris) helicina from the gut of Lates microlepis Boulenger (Latidae) in Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania. However, this is an evident species misidentification, because D. helicina as adult is a parasite of crocodiles in the Neotropical Region (Sprent 1977, Moravec 2001); moreover, larval morphology does not allow identification to the species level. Therefore, the larvae recorded by Baylis (1928) from L. microlepis should be reported as Dujardinascaris sp. (see Moravec and Jirkû 2014a). Hence, the present finding represents the second record of Dujardinascaris larva from fishes in Africa.
description: Published as part of Moravec, František & Jirků, Miloslav, 2017, Some nematodes from freshwater fishes in central Africa, pp. 1-39 in Folia Parasitologica (033) (033) 64 on page 31, DOI: 10.14411/fp.2017.033, http://zenodo.org/record/8143496
Anisakidae Railliet et Henry 1912
Creators: name: Moravec, František
name: Jirků, Miloslav
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Rhabditida
Anisakidae

description: Anisakidae gen. sp. larvae
Host: Phenacogrammus aurantiacus (Pellegrin) (Characiformes: Alestidae).
Site of infection: Swimbladder.
Locality: Forest stream near Mongambe research camp, 02°55'26''N; 16°23'24''E (Congo basin), DSPA, Central African Republic (collected 22 September 2012).
Prevalence and intensity: 2 fish infected/5 fish examined; 6 and 13 nematodes.
Deposition of voucher specimens: Not deposited.
Remarks. Closer identification of these small, little developed and poorly preserved nematode larvae was not possible. The shape of the ventriculum in one specimen indicates that the larva might belong to Multicaecum Baylis, 1923.
description: Published as part of Moravec, František & Jirků, Miloslav, 2017, Some nematodes from freshwater fishes in central Africa, pp. 1-39 in Folia Parasitologica (033) (033) 64 on page 31, DOI: 10.14411/fp.2017.033, http://zenodo.org/record/8143496
Camallanidae Railliet et Henry 1915
Creators: name: Moravec, František
name: Jirků, Miloslav
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Rhabditida
Camallanidae

description: Camallanidae Railliet et Henry, 1915
Procamallanus (Procamallanus) laeviconchus (Wedl, 1861)
Syn.: Cucullanus laeviconchus Wedl, 1861
Hosts: Synodontis greshoffi, Congo squeaker S. pleurops (both Siluriformes: Mochokidae), Chrysichthys sp. (Siluriformes: Claroteidae) and longsnout distichodus Distichodus lusosso (Characiformes: Distichodontidae).
Site of infection: Stomach.
Locality: Sangha River adjacent to Sangha Lodge, 02°59'06''N; 16°13'59''E (Congo basin), DSPA, Central African Republic (collected 11–15 September 2012).
Prevalence and intensity: S. greshoffi: 5 fish infected/7 fish examined; 2–13 (mean 5) nematodes. S. pleurops: 3/3; 1–2. Chrysichthys sp.: 1/1; 1. D. lusosso: 1/1; 10.
Deposition of voucher specimens: IPCAS N-13.
Remarks. This species has already been redescribed in detail by Moravec and Van As (2004, 2015c). According to Moravec and Scholz (2017), Procamallanus (P.) laeviconchus has so far been recorded from ten different Synodontis spp., which may be considered its main definitive hosts, and from Schilbe intermedius (Schilbeidae) in Egypt, Sudan, Chad, Ghana, Nigeria, Benin, Botswana, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Previously this species has been reported from about 30 fish species belonging to seven families in many African countries, but apparently other species have been misidentified under this name (see Campana-Rouget 1961, Moravec and Van As 2004). Distichodus spp. have already been reported as hosts of P. (P.) laeviconchus (see Khalil and Polling 1997, Mašová et al. 2011). The present finding of this nematode in the claroteid catfish Chrysichthys sp. represents a new host record. This nematode species is reported from the Central African Republic for the first time.
description: Published as part of Moravec, František & Jirků, Miloslav, 2017, Some nematodes from freshwater fishes in central Africa, pp. 1-39 in Folia Parasitologica (033) (033) 64 on pages 31-32, DOI: 10.14411/fp.2017.033, http://zenodo.org/record/8143496
Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pseudospiralis Moravec et Scholz 2017
Creators: name: Moravec, František
name: Jirků, Miloslav
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Rhabditida
Camallanidae
Procamallanus
Procamallanus pseudospiralis

description: Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pseudospiralis Moravec et Scholz, 2017
Hosts: Synodontis decorus, Synodontis greshoffi (Siluriformes: Mochokidae) and Mesoborus crocodilus Pellegrin (Characiformes: Distichodontidae).
Site of infection: Intestine.
Localities: Sangha River adjacent to Sangha Lodge, 02°59'06''N; 16°13'59''E, DSPA (S. decorus, S. greshoffi, collected 11–15 September 2012) and Mongambe, forest stream, 02°55'26''N; 16°23'24''E (M. crocodilus, collected 21 September 2012), both localities DSPA, Central African Republic, Congo basin.
Prevalence and intensity: S. decorus: 1 fish infected/3 fish examined; 1 nematode. S. greshoffi: 4/9; 1–3. M. crocodilus: 1/1; 1.
Deposition of voucher specimens: IPCAS N-1124.
Remarks. The morphology of present specimens corresponds to that of Procamallanus (S.) pseudospiralis Moravec et Scholz, 2017, a species recently described from three Synodontis spp. in the Sudan and occurring also in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Moravec and Scholz 2017). Since only one female was collected from M. crocodilus, occurrence of P. (S.) pseudospiralis in this host should be confirmed by subsequent studies.
description: Published as part of Moravec, František & Jirků, Miloslav, 2017, Some nematodes from freshwater fishes in central Africa, pp. 1-39 in Folia Parasitologica (033) (033) 64 on page 32, DOI: 10.14411/fp.2017.033, http://zenodo.org/record/8143496
Paracamallanus cyathopharynx Yorke et Maplestone 1926
Creators: name: Moravec, František
name: Jirků, Miloslav
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Rhabditida
Camallanidae
Paracamallanus
Paracamallanus cyathopharynx

description: Paracamallanus cyathopharynx (Baylis, 1923) Yorke et Maplestone, 1926
Syn.: Paracamallanus senegalensis Vassiliad ẻs, 1970
Hosts: Eel catfish Channallabes apus (Günther), Clariallabes teugelsi Ferraris, Clarias buthupogon Sauvage and North African catfish C. gariepinus (Burchell) (all Siluriformes: Clariidae).
Site of infection: Intestine (distal part).
Localities: A small swamp (bai) north of Bayanga 03°00'54''N; 16°16'12''E (Congo basin), DSPA, Central African Republic (C. apus, collected 16 September 2012); unspecified locality in Bas Congo (Congo basin, C. gariepinus, collected 10 July 2008, and Bulu 05°01'30''N; 14°00'25''E (C. teugelsi, collected 11 July 2008); Lower Congo River, Democratic Republic of the Congo – Pioka 04°54'25''N; 14°23'53''E (C. buthupogon, C. gariepinus, collected 7 July 2008); and.
Prevalence and intensity: C. apus: 2 fish infected/7 fish examined; 1 nematode in each fish. C. teugelsi: 1/1; 4. C. buthupogon: 2/2; 2–3. C. gariepinus: 2/2; 2–3.
Deposition of voucher specimens: IPCAS N-12.
Remarks. Paracamallanus cyathopharynx was recently redescribed in detail by Moravec and Van As (2015b). Since the morphology of present specimens is in agreement with this redescription, we refrain from describing these nematodes again. According to the above-mentioned authors, P. cyathopharynx has been reported from six species of African clariid catfishes, serving apparently as its definitive hosts, whereas some fishes of other families harbouring this parasite probably represent paradefinitive or postcyclic hosts. The present findings of P. cyathopharynx in Channallabes apus, Clariallabes teugelsi and Clarias buthupogon represent new host records.
This nematode species seems to be a common and widespread parasite in Africa, being reported from Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Nigeria, Senegal, Zimbabwe, Botswana and South Africa (see Moravec and Van As 2015b, Moravec and Scholz 2017). Central African Republic represents a new geographical record for this nematode. The development of this nematode in the copepod intermediate host was experimentally studied by Moravec (1974b).
description: Published as part of Moravec, František & Jirků, Miloslav, 2017, Some nematodes from freshwater fishes in central Africa, pp. 1-39 in Folia Parasitologica (033) (033) 64 on page 32, DOI: 10.14411/fp.2017.033, http://zenodo.org/record/8143496
Rhabdochona paski Baylis 1928
Creators: name: Moravec, František
name: Jirků, Miloslav
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Rhabditida
Rhabdochonidae
Rhabdochona
Rhabdochona paski

description: Rhabdochona paski Baylis, 1928
Syns.: Rhabdochona congolensis Campana-Rouget, 1961; R. aegyptiaca El-Naffaret Saoud, 1974; R. versterae Boomker et Petter, 1993
Host: Banded jewel cichlid Hemichromis elongatus (Guichenot) (Perciformes: Cichlidae).
Site of infection: Intestine.
Locality: Unspecified locality in Bas Congo (Congo basin, collected 29 June 2008).
Prevalence and intensity: 1 fish infected/1 fish examined; 1 nematode.
Deposition of voucher specimen: IPCAS N-997.
Remarks. The general morphology of the only available male specimen (body length 13.2 mm, length of spicules 219 µm and 66 µm), particularly the structure of the prostom, simple deirids, characteristic ventral cuticular ornamentations and the conical tail without spike-like caudal projections, is typical of R. paski, as redescribed by Moravec et al. (2013). Although this widespread African nematode is mainly a parasite of characiform fishes, it is frequently recorded from fishes belonging to other fish orders, which may apparently play a role of paratenic, paradefinitive or postcyclic hosts (Moravec et al. 2013, Moravec and Van As 2015b). The present finding of R. paski in H. elongatus represents a new host record.
description: Published as part of Moravec, František & Jirků, Miloslav, 2017, Some nematodes from freshwater fishes in central Africa, pp. 1-39 in Folia Parasitologica (033) (033) 64 on page 36, DOI: 10.14411/fp.2017.033, http://zenodo.org/record/8143496
Eustrongylides undetermined
Creators: name: Moravec, František
name: Jirků, Miloslav
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Enoplea
Dioctophymatida
Dioctophymatidae
Eustrongylides
Eustrongylides undetermined

description: Eustrongylides sp. fourth-stage larva
Host: Aphyosemion cf. decorsei (Pellegrin) (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae).
Site of infection: Body cavity.
Locality: Forest stream near Mongambe research camp, 02°55'26''N; 16°23'24''E (Congo basin), DSPA, Central African Republic (collected 20 September 2010).
Prevalence and intensity: 1 fish infected/1 fish examined; 1 nematode.
Deposition of voucher specimen: IPCAS N-76.
Remarks. Only a body fragment of one larva was found. Larvae of Eustrongylides Jägerskiöld, 1909 from fishes and some other aquatic vertebrates, serving as paratenic hosts, are unidentifiable to species by morphological features. Adults of this genus are parasites of the proventriculus of fish-eating birds. Eustrongylides larvae have already been reported from a variety of fish species in Africa (e.g. Paperna 1974).
description: Published as part of Moravec, František & Jirků, Miloslav, 2017, Some nematodes from freshwater fishes in central Africa, pp. 1-39 in Folia Parasitologica (033) (033) 64 on page 36, DOI: 10.14411/fp.2017.033, http://zenodo.org/record/8143496
Glaphyromyrmex Wheeler 1915
Creators: name: Boudinot, Brendon E.
name: Borowiec, Marek L.
name: Prebus, Matthew M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Glaphyromyrmex

description: Exclusion of † Glaphyromyrmex from the Lasiini:
The Baltic amber formicine, † Glaphyromyrmex Wheeler, was placed in the Formicini until recently (Wheeler, 1915, Donisthorpe, 1943, Dlussky, 1967, Dlussky & Fedoseeva 1988, Bolton, 1994), when Dlussky (2008) transferred the genus to the Lasiini. Placement of † Glaphyromyrmex in the Lasiini is counterintuitive given presence of a ventral double-row of setae on its metatibiae, a state which does not occur in any lasiine. Intuitive placement of † Glaphyromyrmex based on morphology is challenging, however. † Glaphyromyrmex differs from members of all formicine tribes in which double seta rows occur (Formicini, Camponotini, some Melophorini). Specifically, † Glaphyromyrmex differs from the Formicini and most Camponotini in eye position (eyes set at about head midlength), from the Camponotini in having antennal toruli which abut the posterior clypeal margin (vs widely separated), and from the Melophorini, which have well-defined dorsal and ventral flaps surrounding the metapleural gland, a conformation that is apparently absent in † Glaphyromyrmex. Recognizing these differences, however, we transfer † Glaphyromyrmex back to the Formicini (tribal transfer) based on our combined analyses (Fig. 4) and recommend revised study of the fine-scale external anatomy of the fossil taxon.
description: Published as part of Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. & Prebus, Matthew M., 2022, Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 113-151 in Systematic Entomology 47 on page 132, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12522, http://zenodo.org/record/5975346
Protrechina Wilson 1985
Creators: name: Boudinot, Brendon E.
name: Borowiec, Marek L.
name: Prebus, Matthew M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Protrechina

description: On the identity of † Protrechina Wilson:
Wilson (1985) described a genus putatively close to Paratrechina sensu lato (∼ Prenolepis genus group) from mid-Eocene Claiborne amber (Arkansas, 40.4–37.2 Ma; Saunders et al., 1974). This genus, † Protrechina, supposedly differs from Paratrechina s. l., Lepisiota Santschi and Brachymyrmex Mayr – among other, unstated formicines – by the absence of standing macrosetae on the mesosomal dorsum, a state similar to that observed for Metalasius gen.nov. as noted below. The genus has been variably treated as a lasiine (Bolton, 1994, 1995; LaPolla & Dlussky, 2010), a ‘prenolepidine’ (Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990), or as incertae sedis in the subfamily where it remains at present (Wilson, 1985; Dlussky & Fedoseeva 1988; Bolton, 2003; Ward et al., 2016). The type specimen of † Protrechina carpenteri Wilson, at the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard), should be reexamined to evaluate its tribal, and perhaps generic, placement. This would be particularly valuable given the approximately mid-Eocene origin of the Prenolepis genus group here inferred (Fig. 4; Table 5); such a study will be facilitated by use of micro-CT (e.g., Hita-Garcia et al., 2017; Barden et al., 2017b; Boudinot et al., in press), given the poor condition of the specimen reported by LaPolla & Dlussky (2010).
description: Published as part of Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. & Prebus, Matthew M., 2022, Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 113-151 in Systematic Entomology 47 on page 133, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12522, http://zenodo.org/record/5975346
Lasius brunneus
Creators: name: Boudinot, Brendon E.
name: Borowiec, Marek L.
name: Prebus, Matthew M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Lasius
Lasius brunneus

description: 1. Species group of brunneus (L. s. str. Part 1/3)
(Figs 8A, 9A)
Constituent species (11): austriacus Schlick-Steiner [e], brunneus [e], excavatus Seifert [e], himalayanus Bingham [e], israelicus Seifert [e], lasioides (Emery) [e], neglectus Van Loon etal. [e], precursor Seifert [e], silvaticus Seifert [e], tapinomoides Salata & Borowiec [e], turcicus Santschi [e].
Distribution: Palaearctic.
Identification: Within the niger clade, workers of the brunneus group differ from the fuliginosus group in coloration (brown vs jet black), cuticle surface texture (finely shagreened vs polished), and head shape (more-or-less oval vs cordate); otherwise, apparently without strong or consistent differentiating conditions relative to the niger group (Seifert, 2020). Roughly differing from the niger group in the combination of mandibles with ≤8 teeth on average within a colony plus scapes and outer (extensor) surface of the metatibia having <8 total standing setae. Species-level identification is provided by Seifert (2020).
Note 1. Within the brunneus species group as circumscribed here, two complexes are recognized by Seifert (2020): that of brunneus comprises brunneus, excavatus, lasioides, himalayanus, and silvaticus (five spp. total), and that of turcicus comprises austriacus, israelicus, neglectus, precursor, tapinomoides and turcicus (six spp. total).
Note 2. The differentiating features relative to the niger group above are intended to be heuristic. See the key in Seifert (2020) for formal identification of brunneus group species.
description: Published as part of Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. & Prebus, Matthew M., 2022, Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 113-151 in Systematic Entomology 47 on page 137, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12522, http://zenodo.org/record/5975346
Lasius fuliginosus
Creators: name: Boudinot, Brendon E.
name: Borowiec, Marek L.
name: Prebus, Matthew M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Lasius
Lasius fuliginosus

description: 2. Species group of fuliginosus (= Dendrolasius)
(Figs 8B, 9B)
Constituent species (8): buccatus Stärcke [], capitatus (Kuznetsov-Ugamsky) [e], fuji Radchenko [], fuliginosus * [e], morisitai Yamauchi [], nipponensis Forel [e], orientalis Karavaiev [e], spathepus [e].
Distribution: Palaearctic.
Identification: Universally identifiable among Lasius for their jet-black and shining (polished) cuticle, and their weakly to strongly cordate (posteriorly emarginate) heads; unique among the niger clade in bearing an offset basal tooth on the mandible. Species-level identification of all fuliginosus species is presented in Radchenko (2005a); note that Lasius buccatus is known only from the queen and male castes (Stärcke, 1942).
description: Published as part of Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. & Prebus, Matthew M., 2022, Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 113-151 in Systematic Entomology 47 on page 137, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12522, http://zenodo.org/record/5975346
Lasius atopus Cole 1958
Creators: name: Boudinot, Brendon E.
name: Borowiec, Marek L.
name: Prebus, Matthew M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Lasius
Lasius atopus

description: 1. Species group of atopus (= Chthonolasius part 1/2)
(Figs 8D, 9D)
Constituent species (1): atopus [e].
Distribution: Restricted to western North America (California).
Identification: Among all Lasius, L. atopus has uniquely elongate scapes and a uniquely slender mesosoma (scapes about as long as anteroposterior head length; metanotum relatively elongate, and mesonotum almost in plane with metanotum). In addition, with dense standing pilosity across the entire body, including appendages. See the definition of this species in Cole (1958).
Notes: This species was previously classified in the former subgenus Chthonolasius; our sequenced specimen represents a new species near L. atopus.
description: Published as part of Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. & Prebus, Matthew M., 2022, Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 113-151 in Systematic Entomology 47 on page 138, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12522, http://zenodo.org/record/5975346
Lasius carniolicus Mayr 1861
Creators: name: Boudinot, Brendon E.
name: Borowiec, Marek L.
name: Prebus, Matthew M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Lasius
Lasius carniolicus

description: 2. Species group of carniolicus (= Austrolasius)
(Figs 8E, 9E)
Constituent species (2): carniolicus * [e], reginae Faber [e].
Distribution: Palaearctic.
Identification: Among groups of the flavus clade, most similar to those of flavus, nearcticus, and umbratus, in having relatively small eyes (vs pallitarsis), stocky mesosomata (vs atopus), and unreduced palpomere count (vs claviger group). Clypeus lateromedially narrow relative to head width, thus cheeks in full-face view strongly curving anteriorly to mandibular bases, similar to the condition observed in the fuliginosus group. Mandibles with offset basal teeth (variable among groups of flavus clade). See Faber (1967) and Seifert (2018) for species-level identification.
Note: L. carniolicus and L. reginae have been separated from other Lasius by their cheeks, which strongly curve toward their mandibular bases (e.g., Faber, 1967; Seifert, 2018). This may be due to the form of their clypei, which appear to be narrow relative to the width of their heads. The width and other quantitative features of the clypeus should be evaluated in future study.
description: Published as part of Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. & Prebus, Matthew M., 2022, Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 113-151 in Systematic Entomology 47 on page 138, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12522, http://zenodo.org/record/5975346
Lasius claviger
Creators: name: Boudinot, Brendon E.
name: Borowiec, Marek L.
name: Prebus, Matthew M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Lasius
Lasius claviger

description: 3. Species group of claviger (= Acanthomyops)
(Figs 8G, 9G)
Constituent species (16): arizonicus Wheeler [e], bureni (Wing) [e], californicus [e], claviger * (Roger) [e], colei (Wing) [e], coloradensis Wheeler [e], creightoni (Wing) [e], interjectus [e], latipes [e], mexicanus Wheeler [e], murphyi Forel [e], occidentalis Wheeler [], plumopilosus Buren [e], pogonogynus Buren [e], pubescens Buren [e], subglaber Emery [e].
Distribution: Nearctic.
Identification: Unique among Lasius in having reduced palpomere counts, ranging from 3,4, 4,4, to 5,4. Offset basal mandibular teeth are present (variable among flavus clade groups). Eyes smaller than those of L. pallitarsis. Scapes and mesosoma, not elongate as in L. atopus. See Wing (1968a) for species-level identification.
description: Published as part of Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. & Prebus, Matthew M., 2022, Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 113-151 in Systematic Entomology 47 on page 138, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12522, http://zenodo.org/record/5975346
Lasius flavus
Creators: name: Boudinot, Brendon E.
name: Borowiec, Marek L.
name: Prebus, Matthew M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Lasius
Lasius flavus

description: 4. Species group of flavus (= Cautolasius part 1/2)
(Figs 8G, 9G)
Constituent species (8): Nearctic (3): brevicornis [e], fallax Wilson [e], humilis [e]; Palaearctic (5): alienoflavus Bingham [e], elevatus Bharti and Gul [e], flavus * [e], myops Forel [e], talpa Wilson [e].
Distribution: Holarctic.
Identification: Among species groups of the flavus clade, most similar to those of carniolicus, nearcticus, and umbratus in having relatively small eyes (vs pallitarsis), stocky mesosomata and shorter scapes (vs atopus), and unreduced palpomere count (vs claviger group). At present, not collectively distinguishable from nearcticus group; otherwise, identifiable as follows: clypeus broad relative to head width (vs narrow, carniolicus group); eyes small, with <35 ommatidia excepting L. alienoflavus and L. flavus, which lack standing setae on head underside (vs with> 35 ommatidia and head underside with distinct, standing setae, umbratus group). No key is available to specifically separate all of the species of the flavus group as here constituted; the three Nearctic species are keyed in Wilson (1955), with brevicornis as ‘ flavus ’; the two Western European species, L. flavus and L. myops, are keyed by Seifert (2018); the three species from the Himalayas, L. alienoflavus, L. elevatus, and L. talpa are keyed by Bharti & Gul (2013) and Collingwood (1982), and the easternmost Asian population(s) of L. talpa are keyed for North Korea by Radchenko (2005b) and Japan by (Yamauchi, 1979).
Notes: This group corresponds to the former subgenus Cautolasius, in part. The inclusion of L. alienoflavus, L. elevatus, L. fallax, L. humilis, and L. talpa is provisional. Wilson (1955) accepted the placement of L. humilis in the former subgenus Chthonolasius as proposed by Emery (1925) without stated justification; we observe that this species has very small eyes and lacks standing setae on the ventral head surface, matching the polythetic diagnoses of the flavus and nearcticus groups. Likewise, the species L. elevatus also has very small eyes and lacks postgenal bridge setation, although it was unplaced to subgenus in its original description (Bharti & Gul, 2013). Molecular data should be generated for all species of this group, their relationships relative to the nearcticus group tested, and a critical reanalysis of phenotypic traits conducted.
description: Published as part of Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. & Prebus, Matthew M., 2022, Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 113-151 in Systematic Entomology 47 on page 138, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12522, http://zenodo.org/record/5975346
Lasius nearcticus Wheeler 1906
Creators: name: Boudinot, Brendon E.
name: Borowiec, Marek L.
name: Prebus, Matthew M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Lasius
Lasius nearcticus

description: 5. Species group of nearcticus (= Cautolasius part 2/2)
(Figs 8H, 9H)
Constituent species (2): nearcticus [e], sonobei [e].
Distribution: Holarctic.
Identification: Among groups of the flavus clade, most similar to those of carniolicus, flavus, and umbratus, in having relatively small eyes (vs pallitarsis), stocky mesosomata and shorter scapes (vs atopus), and unreduced palpomere count (vs claviger group). At present, not collectively distinguishable from flavus group; otherwise, identifiable as follows: clypeus broad relative to head width (vs narrow, carniolicus group); eyes small, with <35 ommatidia and underside of head without distinct, standing setae (vs with> 35 ommatidia and underside of head with distinct, standing setae, umbratus group). No key is available to specifically separate L. nearcticus and L. sonobei, although the former is Nearctic and keyed in Wilson (1955), the latter Japanese and keyed in Yamauchi (1979).
description: Published as part of Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. & Prebus, Matthew M., 2022, Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 113-151 in Systematic Entomology 47 on pages 138-139, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12522, http://zenodo.org/record/5975346
Lasius pallitarsis Boudinot, Borowiec & Prebus, 2022, s. str.
Creators: name: Boudinot, Brendon E.
name: Borowiec, Marek L.
name: Prebus, Matthew M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Lasius
Lasius pallitarsis

description: 6. Species group of pallitarsis (= Lasius s. str. Part 3/3)
(Figs 8I, 9I)
Constituent species (1): pallitarsis [e].
Distribution: Nearctic.
Identification: Among groups of the flavus clade, workers are unique in having relatively large eyes (length ≥ 0.2 × head width). Offset basal mandibular tooth present (also claviger and carniolicus groups among flavus clade). Scapes and mesosoma not elongate as in L. atopus.
Note: This species was classified in the former subgenus Lasius s. str. and has previously been recovered elsewhere in the phylogeny by Janda et al. (2004) and Maruyama etal. (2008).
description: Published as part of Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. & Prebus, Matthew M., 2022, Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 113-151 in Systematic Entomology 47 on page 139, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12522, http://zenodo.org/record/5975346
Lasius umbratus Nylander
Creators: name: Boudinot, Brendon E.
name: Borowiec, Marek L.
name: Prebus, Matthew M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Lasius
Lasius umbratus

description: 7. Species group of umbratus (= Chthonolasius part 2/2)
(Figs 8J, 9J)
Constituent species (24): Nearctic (6): aphidicola [e], minutus Emery [e], nevadensis Cole [e], speculiventris Emery [e], subumbratus Viereck [e], vestitus Wheeler [e]; Palaearctic (18): balcanicus Seifert [e], bicornis (Foerster) [e], citrinus Emery [e], crinitus (Smith) [e], distinguendus (Emery) [e], draco Collingwood [], jensi Seifert [e], longiceps Seifert [], meridionalis (Bondroit) [e], mikir Collingwood [e], mixtus (Nylander) [e], nitidigaster Seifert [e], przewalskii Ruzsky [], rabaudi (Bondroit) [e], sabularum [e], tibialis Santschi [], umbratus * [e], viehmeyeri Stärcke [e].
Distribution: Holarctic.
Identification: Among groups of the flavus clade, most similar to those of carniolicus, flavus, and nearcticus in having relatively small eyes (vs pallitarsis), stocky mesosomata (vs atopus), and unreduced palpomere count (vs claviger group). Among these groups, identifiable by the following combination of traits: clypeus broad relative to head width (vs narrow, carniolicus group); eyes larger, with> 35 ommatidia, and underside of head with distinct, standing setae (vs with <35 ommatidia except L. alienoflavus and Lflavus which, along with most other flavus and nearcticus group species, lack distinct standing setae on head underside). No comprehensive key is available for the global fauna of the umbratus group; the Nearctic species are keyed in Wilson (1955) where L. aphidicola is referred to as L. umbratus, and with the addition of L. nevadensis by Cole (1956); Wilson (1955) also includes a key to some Palaearctic species, which are also partially covered by Collingwood (1982), Boer (2003) and Seifert (1988, 1990, 1997, 2018). Focused work on this species group, particularly a global key or revision, is necessary.
Note: This group corresponds to the prior subgenus Chthonolasius, with the exclusion of L. atopus. One of our molecular terminals of this group is an undescribed species near L. subumbratus.
description: Published as part of Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. & Prebus, Matthew M., 2022, Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 113-151 in Systematic Entomology 47 on page 139, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12522, http://zenodo.org/record/5975346
Metalasius myrmidon Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus 2022, comb.nov.
Creators: name: Boudinot, Brendon E.
name: Borowiec, Marek L.
name: Prebus, Matthew M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Metalasius
Metalasius myrmidon

description: Species Metalasius myrmidon (Mei, 1998) comb.nov.
Definition (worker).
1. With character states of Metalasius.
2. Dorsal mandibular groove absent (Note 1).
3. Ventromedial base of mandible without trough or impression (Note 2).
4. Maxillary palps short, exceeding hypostomal margin but not reaching postgenal bridge midlength.
5. Maxillary palpomere 3 longest, 4 shorter but as long as 5 and 6 together (Note 3).
6. Clypeus, in lateral view, convex and weakly bulging anteriorly (Note 3).
7. Anterior tentorial pit situated lateral to midlength of the epistomal suture.
8. Lateral hypostomal carina absent (Note 4).
9. Compound eyes absent, reduced or vestigial, with at most 9 ommatidia (Note 5).
10. Propodeal spiracle situated distinctly in lower half of propodeum (Note 6).
11. Legs almost entirely devoid of standing setae (Note 3).
12. Petiolar node weakly inclined anteriorly, node well-developed, squamiform (Note 7).
Notes on definition:
Note 1. The dorsal mandibular groove is discernable in all examined Lasius and Prenolepis genus group taxa.
Note 2. Presence of a trough on the ventromedial base of the mandible is a newly detected synapomorphy of the core Prenolepis genus group. The impression is enhanced when the ventromedial mandibular margin is carinate and/or produced medially, and best seen when the mandibles are open and with the head in lateral anteroventral view. The trough may be reduced or absent in some species.
Note 3. Previously included in the original diagnosis of the species M. myrmidon by Mei (1998).
Note 4. The lateral hypostoma is usually delimited by a carina, which is discontinuous with the medial hypostomal lamina. Among formicines, the lateral hypostomal carina is absent only in Acropyga (some species) and Brachymyrmex, both genera outside of Lasiini.
Note 5. The specimens, which were available for examination had 5–8 ommatidia; the maximum ommatidium count is from Mei (1998, p. 178).
Note 6. Alowered propodeal spiracle appears sporadically replicated in only a few Prenolepis genus group members.
Note 7. The petiolar node is strongly inclined anteriorly in the core Prenolepis genus group.
Comments. Metalasius myrmidon is uniquely identified among the Lasiini by absence of the dorsal mandibular groove and lateral hypostomal carina, short and broad third antennomere, mid-set compound eyes (when present), which are reduced to at most 9 ommatidia and near complete absence of standing setae on the head. High magnification may be required to evaluate the lateral hypostoma.
description: Published as part of Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. & Prebus, Matthew M., 2022, Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 113-151 in Systematic Entomology 47 on page 141, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12522, http://zenodo.org/record/5975346
Metalasius pumilus Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus 2022, comb.nov.
Creators: name: Boudinot, Brendon E.
name: Borowiec, Marek L.
name: Prebus, Matthew M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Metalasius
Metalasius pumilus

description: Species † Metalasius pumilus (Mayr, 1868) comb.nov.
Definition (worker).
1. With character states of Metalasius (Note 1).
2. Maxillary palps long, reaching occipital foramen (Note 2). 3. Compound eyes well-developed, with> 20 ommatidia.
4. Mesosomal dorsum devoid of setae.
5. Legs entirely devoid of standing setae.
6. Petiolar node weakly inclined anteriorly, node squamiform.
Notes on definition:
Note 1. Several characters could not be evaluated for † M. pumilus, including the ventromedial mandibular groove, palpomere proportions, clypeal profile, and lateral hypostomal carina.
Note 2. From Dlussky (2011).
Comments. We place † M. pumilus and M. myrmidon together based on the results of our phylogenetic analyses, and we interpret presence of the broad third antennomere and highly reduced cranial setation as synapomorphies of this clade. † Metalasius pumilus differs from M. myrmidon by the following: (i) compound eyes large; (ii) maxillary palps long, reaching occipital foramen, and (iii) standing setae completely absent from head dorsum and mesosoma.
Although, we have not examined the neotype of † M. pumilus, designated by Dlussky (2011) and deposited in Muzeum Ziemi Polskiej Akademii Nauk in Warsaw, the specimen we have studied is unlikely to be misidentified as it exhibits unique diagnostic traits of the species among the Lasiini, let alone of the Baltic amber fauna, including absence of setae on the head dorsum, well-developed eyes, short and broad third antennomere, and very small body size (<2 mm). Dlussky (2011) describes the eyes of both † L. schiefferdeckeri and † M. pumilus as ‘shifted somewhat posteriorly so that the length of [the] gena [is] more than [that of the] maximum diameter of [the] eyes’. This very general statement is true of both species, however, the eyes of † L. schiefferdeckeri are distinctly set in the posterior head half whereas those of † M. pumilus and M. myrmidon are situated at head midlength, distinguishing them from all Lasius genus group members.
description: Published as part of Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. & Prebus, Matthew M., 2022, Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 113-151 in Systematic Entomology 47 on page 141, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12522, http://zenodo.org/record/5975346
Formicinae
Creators: name: Boudinot, Brendon E.
name: Borowiec, Marek L.
name: Prebus, Matthew M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae

description: Incertae sedis in the Formicinae
Genus † Kyromyrma. Comparative morphological study of † Kyromyrma (∼92 Ma, New Jersey amber; Grimaldi & Agosti, 2000) at the gross (Figs 8L, 9K) and fine scales reveals considerable morphological affinity to Lasius (holotype examined at AMNH). In the original description of † Kyromyrma, the authors did not address the problem of within-subfamily placement, merely noting that ‘the fossil bears an overall resemblance to Prolasius, mostly by virtue of the generalized morphology’ (Grimaldi & Agosti, 2000, p. 13681). Our combined evidence analyses resulted in ambiguous support for the placement of † Kyromyrma, with the genus being recovered as sister to the Lasius genus group (Figure S5), sister to the core Lasiini (Figures S8, S 9), sister to all Lasiini (Figure S7), or sister to Formicinae exclusive of Myrmelachistini (Fig. 4). Statistical support for these placements was uniformly low.
description: Published as part of Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. & Prebus, Matthew M., 2022, Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 113-151 in Systematic Entomology 47 on page 142, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12522, http://zenodo.org/record/5975346
Bactrianoscythris satyrella Staudinger 1880, comb. nov.
Creators: name: D'Entrèves, Pietro Passerin
name: Roggero, Angela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Scythrididae
Bactrianoscythris
Bactrianoscythris satyrella

description: Bactrianoscythris satyrella (Staudinger, 1880) comb. nov.
(Figs 2 A, 2B, 2C, 2D)
Butalis satyrella Staudinger, 1880: 404 Butalis matronella Staudinger, 1880: 405 Butalis vitilella Christoph, 1885: 163
Type material. Holotype 3 (MNHB), 161, Schahrud, Origin, satyrella Stgr Genit-Luters no. 206, Zool Mus Berlin. Paratypes 1 Ƥ (MNHB), “Hadschgabad, Coll. Led., Origin, matronella Stgr ”[genital slide 1366 PdE]; 1 Ƥ (ZISP), “Nuchur, 21.vi, vitillella.
Additional material examined. 1 Ƥ (SMNK) " Turkmenistan, Iol-Dere, 15 km NO Kara-Kala, 12.vi.1953, leg. V. Kuznetzov" [genital slide 464 PdE]; 1 3 (SMNK) “ Turkmenistan, Iol-Dere, 15 km NO Kara-Kala, 12.vi.1953, leg. V. Kuznetzov [genital slide 373 PdE].
Diagnosis. This species is characterized by both external appareance and genitalia shape well differentiated from the other species (Table 2). It is larger than B. drepanella, and darker than all the other Bactrianoscythris species. The valvae have apices enlarged and triangular, and S8 is bifid with apices short and rounded. These characters can be employed to unequivocally identify the species.
Description. Wingspan 17-19 mm. For the detailed description of external features, see Bengtsson (1997: 62)
Male genitalia. Uncus small, quadrangular, inward concave, truncated at apex; gnathos proximal part asymmetrical, distal part triangular, sharpened at apex. Tegumen triangular, slender. Valvae slightly asymmetrical in distal part, inwardly curved, narrow. Vinculum elongate, blade-like, half as long as valvae. Juxta conical, pointed apex upward turned. Phallus longer than valvae, bisinuate, narrowed to apex, which is downwardly turned. Bifid S8 narrowed in middle, with apices short and rounded. T8 unmodified, membranous.
Variation. Size and external appareance are similar in both sexes.
Remarks. As previously pointed (Passerin d’Entrèves & Roggero 2008), Bengtsson (1997) mistook the gnathos for the uncus. After a careful examination of the male genitalia of all new species, we redescribed the male genitalia of satyrella.
description: Published as part of D'Entrèves, Pietro Passerin & Roggero, Angela, 2009, Eastern Palaearctic Scythrididae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea): description of a new genus and some new species, pp. 1-20 in Zootaxa 2263 on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190774
Bactrianoscythris pamirica Passerin d'Entreves & Roggero 2008, comb. nov.
Creators: name: D'Entrèves, Pietro Passerin
name: Roggero, Angela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Scythrididae
Bactrianoscythris
Bactrianoscythris pamirica

description: Bactrianoscythris pamirica (Passerin d’Entrèves & Roggero, 2008) comb. nov.
Scythris pamirica Passerin d’Entrèves & Roggero 2008: 161
Type material. Holotype 3 (MNHB), “NO[st] Afghanistan, Khinch-e-Andarab, westl. Pamir, 3550–4000 m, 17–27/7/1957, G. Ebert leg. [genital slide 288 ZMB].
Remarks. The species is known only from the type locality. See Passerin d’Entrèves and Roggero (2008) for further details.
description: Published as part of D'Entrèves, Pietro Passerin & Roggero, Angela, 2009, Eastern Palaearctic Scythrididae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea): description of a new genus and some new species, pp. 1-20 in Zootaxa 2263 on page 5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190774
Bactrianoscythris khinjani D'Entrèves & Roggero, 2009, sp. nov.
Creators: name: D'Entrèves, Pietro Passerin
name: Roggero, Angela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Scythrididae
Bactrianoscythris
Bactrianoscythris khinjani

description: Bactrianoscythris khinjani sp. nov.
(Figs 3 A, 3B, 3C)
Type material. Holotype 3 (SMNK), “O[st]- Afghanistan, Salang-Pass, N-Seite, Khinjan, 2100 m, 5– 11.vii.1966, H. G. Amsel leg.” [genital slide 9425 PdE].
Diagnosis. The species is well-differentiated from the others (Table 2) and can be easily identified on the basis of the characteristic shape of the valvae, which are slim, much longer than in all the other species and arched at apex. Also the S8 has very distinctive features, with a bifid apex and laterally narrowed in the middle.
Description. Wingspan 19 mm. Forewing pale brown, with a golden hue, with a thick, grayish white line half as long as the wing, and an irregular, grayish white dot near termen; pale brown fringe. Hindwing evenly brown, glossy fringe brown. Head, thorax and abdomen dark brown. Legs brown. Antenna brown.
Male genitalia. Uncus very short, cordiform; proximal part of gnathos largely laminar and asymmetrical, distal part narrow, downturned and sharp at apex. Tegumen triangular, elongate, with long and slender pedunculi. Valvae symmetrical, proximal fourth enlarged, distal part evenly slim, carrying at the half of the inner margin a small rounded protrusion, apices inwardly turned, slightly spatulate, with a perpendicular lamina at distal third. Vinculum as long as tegumen, narrow, distal margin rounded. Phallus sigmoid, almost as long as the valvae, narrowed at apex, which is sharp and curved; juxta pyriform. S8 thick, well-sclerotized, asymmetrical, elongate, triangular-shaped, narrowed in middle, apex bifid with each extremity inwardly bent, and deep triangular notch at proximal margin; S8 proximal half left margin with a laminar projection and distal half right margin with another laminar projection. T8 unmodified, membranous, subrectangular.
Variation. The species is known only from the male holotype.
Etymology. The species is named after the type locality.
Remarks. Located in the very heart of the Hindu Kush Mountains, Khinjan is at the base of the Salang Pass (or Kotal-e Salang), which connects northern Afghanistan to the Kabul Province, and beyond to southern Afghanistan and Pakistan.
description: Published as part of D'Entrèves, Pietro Passerin & Roggero, Angela, 2009, Eastern Palaearctic Scythrididae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea): description of a new genus and some new species, pp. 1-20 in Zootaxa 2263 on pages 6-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190774