Stenonartonia apicipennis Fox 1902
Creators: name: Garcete-Barrett, Bolívar R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eumenidae
Stenonartonia
Stenonartonia apicipennis

description: Stenonartonia apicipennis (Fox 1902)
(Figs 20, 31, 44, 52, 55, 63, 74, 93, 105, 119, 133, 146, 157, 166, 174, 180)
Odynerus (Stenancistrocerus) apicipennis Fox 1902: 44, 67 (key), Ƥ, 3 (lectotype, Ƥ, Brazil: “Chapada" (CMNH), examined]; also from Corumbá; Zavattari 1911:55 (Paraguay: San Bernardino); Bertoni 1918b: 207 (Paraguay).
Odynerus (Ancistrocerus) apicipennis: Dalla Torre 1904: 40 (cat.); Zavattari 1912: 195 (division Stenancistrocerus; Paraguay: San Bernardino).
Odynerus apicipennis: Brèthes 1906: 357, f. 31 (Paraguay: Villa Morra); 1909a: 59 (mimetism with Odynerus (Stenodynerus) griseolus Brèthes); Carpenter & van der Vecht 1991: 232 (lectotype designation).
Nortonia lugens von Schulthess 1904: 274, 280, 281, 283 [holotype, Ƥ, “ Perú ” (ETHZ), examined]; Ducke 1910: 187 (Brazil: Ceará: Serra de Baturité, 800 m); Bertoni 1918a: 194. (Paraguay: Puerto Bertoni; synonym: Odynerus (Stenodynerus) paraguayensis Brèthes; mimetism with Polybia atra [= Polybia ignobilis Haliday]).
Odynerus (Stenodynerus) paraguayensis Brèthes 1909b: 234 [holotype, 3, Paraguay: "Puerto Bertoni" (MACN), not examined].
Odynerus apicalipennis [!]: Bertoni 1911: 112 (Paraguay: Puerto Bertoni, on flowers of Talinum patens).
Stenonartonia apicipennis: Carpenter & van der Vecht 1991: 211, 232 (synonyms: Nortonia lugens von Schulthess, Odynerus paraguayensis Brèthes; distribution: Brazil; Bolivia; Paraguay and Argentina); Garcete-Barrett 2003: 41 (figs 3e–3h).
Diagnosis and comments. This species is readily recognizable for its opaque and setae-free clypeus, triangular S1, very marked and apically concentrated macropunctation on T2, very prominent apical propodeal lamella, slightly concave propodeal declivity, largely puncture-free tegula, weak transverse carina on T1 and largely black body covered with a thin grayish pilosity and grayish hyaline wings with blackened costal region, a color pattern reminiscent of the widespread and common social wasp Polybia ignobilis. The type of Odynerus paraguayensis Brèthes was not examined, but from the description, the provenance of the specimen and the precedent synonymy established by Bertoni (1918a) and Carpenter & van der Vecht (1991), there is no doubt about its status.
Redescription. FEMALE. Color pattern. Black integument with pale yellow as follows: short inner orbit; small suffusion on the hind margin of pronotum; anterior and posterior tegular angles, united by a very thin outer marginal line; medially interrupted metanotal band; small and diffuse mesepisternal and metapleural precoxal spots; inner face of fore femur and tibia; diffuse apical ring on all femora; anterior (diffuse or even absent) line along mid and hind tibiae; very thin posterior and lateral margin of T1; S1 on all its margins. There can be brown areas as follows: flagellum ventrally from F5 to the apex; sometimes a diffuse subapical area on the mandible; some very dark suffusion on tibiae and tarsi; dark and very thin and suffuse posterior margin of metasomal segments 2–6. Fore wing membrane mostly grayish (lighter at tips) but black along the costal region. Fore wing venation brownish black.
Measurements and proportions. Body length 12.2 mm. Wing length 11 mm. Clypeus 1.03 × widen than high and with its apical margin 1.08 × wider than the interantennal distance. T1 as wide as long and 0.71 × as wide as T2. S1 wide triangular: 2.11 × wider than its medial length and 1.59 × wider than its total length.
Structure. Clypeus differing from that of S. guaranitica by having a wider apical emargination. Humeral angle very weak, rounded and slightly obtuse in frontal view. Pronotal carina slightly angulate, almost straight below the humeral angle. Parapsidal line very slightly marked. Parategula thumb-shaped. Scutellar-axillar complex as in S. flavotestacea, but with the mesoposterior projection of the lateral axillary panel a little broader. Metanotum almost evenly declivitous in lateral view, with a complete but low toothed ridge. Propodeum as in S. guaranitica, but more elongate, with a less abrupt posterior declivity, with a shallower medial depression, with the sublateral carina elevated into a translucent carina and with the apical lamella more sharply produced. T1 conical, low and obtusely convex in side view, with a straight and very weak transverse carina which is briefly interrupted at middle and hardly reaches the level of the spiracle.
Tegumental sculpture. Clypeus opaque, finely reticulate, sub-shagreened and covered with abundant micropunctation which is progressively denser above (especially on its upper half) and with many shallow and not very coarse macropunctures separated by about their own diameters. Whole body sub opaque, covered with moderately dense micropunctation. Head and mesothoracic dorsum a bit less opaque than the remainder. Head, pronotum and mesothorax covered with dense medium size macropunctation which is sparser at sides and on scutellum. Tegula with a large micropuncture-free mesolateral area. Anterior metanotal band confluently double-crenate. Lateral propodeal surface covered with fine and sparse macropunctures which become gradually denser and coarser toward the spiracle and with some shagreened close to the submarginal carina. Sublateral propodeal surface covered with dense macropunctation that become coarser and almost obliquely striatopunctate below. Medial propodeal depression finely and sparsely macropunctate, especially below, where some transverse striolation is evident. T1 with some thin scattered macropunctures on its anterior declivity and with moderately spaced macropunctation on its disc, especially concentrated along its midline. S1 coarsely and densely macropunctate. T2 covered with macropunctation which is thin and sparse at its base but gradually coarser and denser backward as to form a distinct premarginal band of very coarse and dense punctation. S2 with moderately spaced mid sized macropunctation which is coarser medially. Metasomal segments 3–5 covered with dense macropunctation which is sparser on sterna. Metasomal segment 6 moderately covered with thin macropunctation.
Pilosity. Body covered with a very short and thin ashy fulvous decumbent pubescence intermixed with sparse semi erect setae which are longer on propodeum and on T1. Propodeum with a lower medial band of reflective downpressed pilosity. Pubescence on metasoma more plainly appressed.
MALE. Differing from the female in: Color pattern. Clypeus with a submedial curved line than can be fused above with its pair as to form a large horseshoe shaped marking. Inner orbit extending up to the ocular sinus. Interantennal spot present. Mandible usually yellow on its basal depression. F11 light colored. Light markings on legs more sharply defined.
Measurements and proportions. Body length 10.3 mm. Wing length 8.2 mm. Clypeus 0.96 × as wide as high and with its apical margin 1.2 × as wide as the interantennal distance.
Structure and tegumental sculpture. Clypeus oval, narrower, with a deeper apical emargination between noncarinated teeth. F9 cylindrical. F11 short, fingerlike, slightly thick and sharp-pointed. Propodeum shorter, with a more abrupt posterior declivity. Tergal macropunctation coarser and denser, especially on the premarginal band, which is reticular, with many confluent points in several specimens.
Type material. PERU: without further data [1 Ƥ, holotype of Nortonia lugens: ETHZ]; BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães, iii (no collector) [1 Ƥ, lectotype of Odynerus apicipennis: CMNH]; same locality, xii (no collector) [1 3, paralectotype of Odynerus apicipennis: CMNH]; Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá, iv (no collector) [1 3, paralectotype of Odynerus apicipennis: CMNH].
Additional material. BRAZIL: Ceará: Serra de Baturité, 800 m, 23.iv.1909 (Ducke) [1 3: MPEG]; Mato Grosso: Cáceres, 9.xii.1984 (C. Elias) [1 Ƥ: UFPR]; same locality, 27.iii.1985 (C. Elias) [1 Ƥ: DZUP]; Minas Gerais: Patrocínio, 5.x.1965 (C. Elias) [1 Ƥ: DZUP]; Passos, iii.1960 (C. Elias) [1 Ƥ: DZUP]; same locality, v.1961 (C. Elias) [1 3: DZUP]; Paraná: Parque Estadual de Vila Velha, 25°14'S, 49°59'W, 23.xi.2002 (G.A.R. Melo) [1 Ƥ: DZUP]; Rio Grande do Sul: Santa Cruz do Sul, 6.ii.2002 (D. J. Krise) [1 Ƥ: UNISC]; same locality, 20.xi.2003 (A. Köhler) [1 Ƥ: UNISC]; Santa Catarina: Nova Teutonia, 4.x.1956 (F. Plaumann) [1 3: MCNV]; same locality, x.1964 (F. Plaumann) [1 Ƥ: MCNV]; same locality, i.1965 (F. Plaumann) [1 3: MCNV; 2 3: UCD]; same locality, 20.xii.1972 (F. Plaumann) [1 3: UCD]; São Paulo: Teodoro Sampaio, Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo, 22°31'S, 52°19'W, 14.ii.1999 (G.A.R. Melo) [1 3: UFPR]; São Paulo, 29-31.i.1969 (C. Porter) [1 3: AMNH]; Santo Amaro, 26.ix.1926 (S.V. Ohaus) [1 3: MCNV]; without locality, 1848 (C. Beske) [1 Ƥ: MCNV]; BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nor Yungas, Coroico, without further data [1 Ƥ: UCD]; Santa Cruz: Piedra Blanca, iv [1 Ƥ: CMNH]; PARAGUAY: Alto Paraná: Puerto Bertoni, without date (A. W. Bertoni) [2 3: DZUP; 1 3 and 2 Ƥ: IML]; same locality, xii [1 Ƥ: DZUP]; same locality, i.1909 [1 3: DZUP]; same locality, xii.1909 (A.W. Bertoni) [1 Ƥ: DZUP]; same locality, iv.1919 (A.W. Bertoni) [2 3: DZUP]; same locality, xi.1919 (A.W. Bertoni) [1 Ƥ, 2 3: DZUP]; Caaguazú: Santa Rosa del Mbutuy, 15 km SE Colonia Juan Ramón Chávez, 14-15.ii.2008 (J. Halada) [2 3: OLML]; Canindeyú: Reserva Natural del Bosque Mbaracayú, 26–27.iv.1997 (B. Garcete) [1 3: IBNPY]; Reserva Natural del Bosque Mbaracayú, Jejui-mi, 10.i.1997 (B. Garcete) [1 3: DZUP]; Reserva Natural del Bosque Mbaracayú, La Morena, 15–16.i.1997 (B. Garcete) [1 3: DZUP]; Reserva Natural del Bosque Mbaracayú, Lagunita, 10.ix.1995 (B. Garcete) [1 3: DZUP]; same locality, 13.ix.1995 (B. Garcete) [1 3: DZUP]; Reserva Natural del Bosque Mbaracayú, Trayecto Horqueta-mi–Lagunita, 18.i.1997 (B. Garcete) [1 3: DZUP]; Reserva Natural del Bosque Mbaracayú, Trayecto Jejui-mi–Lagunita, 14.i.1997 (B. Garcete) [1 Ƥ: IBNPY; 1 Ƥ DZUP]; Villa Ygatimí, 22.iv.1920 [1 Ƥ: DZUP]; Capital: Asunción, iv.1920 [1 3: DZUP]; Jardín Botánico, 11.iv.1999 (B. Garcete) [1 Ƥ, 5 3: DZUP]; Villa Morra, 4.xii.1906 (J.D. Anisits) [1 Ƥ: MCNV]; Concepción: Estancia Don Carlos, 25.ii.1997 (B. Garcete) [1 Ƥ, 2 3: DZUP]; same locality, 26.ii.1997 (B. Garcete) [5 3: DZUP]; same locality, 27.ii.1997 (B. Garcete) [3 3: DZUP]; same locality, 28.ii.1997 (B. Garcete) [2 Ƥ, 3 3: DZUP; 1 3: IBNPY]; same locality, 1.iii.1997 (B. Garcete) [2 Ƥ, 2 3: DZUP]; Retiro Saité, 22°5'19''S, 57°37'19''W, 15–17.x.1999 (B. Garcete) [1 Ƥ: DZUP]; Cordillera: San Bernardino (Babarczy) [1 Ƥ, 1 3: MCNV]; Piribebuy, Compañía Naranjo, Barrio San José, 28–30.iii.2002 (B. Garcete) [1 3: DZUP]; Itapúa: Parex, Estancia Parabel, 14.ii.1997 (B. Garcete) [1 Ƥ: DZUP]; Alto Verá, Estancia Mendieta, 9–11.ii.1999 (B. Garcete) [1 Ƥ and 1 3: DZUP]; Paraguarí: Pirayú, 7.iii.1997 (B. Garcete) [1 3: DZUP]; Ybycuí, Parque Nacional Ybycuí, 18.i.1993 (B. Garcete) [1 Ƥ: IBNPY; 1 3: DZUP]; same locality, 1–4.v.1996 (B. Garcete) [1 3: DZUP]; San Pedro: Río Ypané, Cororó, ii.1979 (M.A. Fritz) [1 3: AMNH]; same locality, xii.1983 (M.A. Fritz) [2 3: AMNH]; Lima, 27.iii.1920 [1 3: IBNPY]; ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Ituzaingo, without date, (M. A. Fritz) [1 3: AMNH]; same locality, x.1981 (M. A. Fritz) [1 3: AMNH]; same locality, xii.1982 (M. A. Fritz) [1 Ƥ: AMNH]; Las Marías, Ca. Virasoro, 10-15.xi.1969 (C. Porter) [5 Ƥ and 4 3: IML]; same locality, 7.xi.1971 (C. Porter) [3 3: IML]; Paso de la Patria, 5-7.xi.1969 (C. Porter) [1 Ƥ: MCNV]; same locality, 1.xi.1971 (C. Porter) [1 3: IML]; Santa Ana, 8.v.1971 (C. Porter & L. Stange) [1 3: IML]; Sombrerito, 8.xi.1969 (C. Porter) [1 Ƥ: IML]; Jujuy: Calilegua, 13.ii.1950 (A. Willink & F. Monrós) [1 3: IML]; Misiones: Cataratas del Iguazú, 5- 9.xi.1970 (C. Porter & L. Stange) [1 Ƥ: IML]; Dos de Mayo, 18.xi.1973 (Escobar & Claps) [1 3: IML]; Iguazú, 30.i–13.iii.1945 (K. Hayward, A. Willink & R. Golbach) [3 3: IML]; Leandro N. Alem, Inst. Alberdi, 17– 19.xi.1969 (C. Porter) [1 Ƥ: IML]; Puerto Esperanza, xii.1976 (M.A. Fritz) [1 3: AMNH]; Salta: 24 km W Aguas Blancas, Cpto Jakolica, 2.vii.1973 (C. Porter & E. Demarest) [2 Ƥ: IML]; Aguaray, 18.ii.1950 (R. Golbach) [1 Ƥ: IML]; Pocitos, xi.1978 (M.A. Fritz) [3 3: AMNH]; Rio Pescado (Est. YPF), 19–25.xi.1967 (C. Porter & E. Willink) [1 Ƥ: AMNH]; Río Pescado, 20 km W Orán, 25.xi.1979 (A. Willink, P. Fidalgo & Dominguez) [1 3: IML]; Río Pescado, Ca. Orán, 22°53'S, 64°27'W, 11-20.vii.1970 (C. Porter) [2 Ƥ: IML]; same locality, 12.vii.1970 (C.
Porter) [1 Ƥ: IML]; Río Piedras, 20 km W El Galpón, 27.ii.1979 (A. Willink, P. Fidalgo & Dominguez) [1 3: IML]; Rosario de Lerma, xii.1986 (M.A. Fritz) [1 3: AMNH]; Ruta 34, 12 km N Urundel, Arroyo Riacho Seco, 24–29.vii.1978 (C. Porter & P. Fidalgo) [1 Ƥ: IML]; San Martín, Macueta, 1–3.vi.1977 (P. Fidalgo) [1 Ƥ: IML]; Tucumán: El Cadillal, 17.iv.1966 (L. Stange) [1 Ƥ: IML]; Mts, Parque Biológico, 700 m, 24.xi.1974 (L. Stange) [1 3 IML]; Quebrada de Lules, 2.ii.1927 (R.C. & E.M. Shannon) [1 Ƥ: IML]; Reserva Forestal, Ruta 9 ca. El Cadillal, 20.vi.1973 (C. Porter & E. Demarest) [1 Ƥ: IML]; Tafí, Horco Molle, 9-11.xi.1969 (C. Porter) [1 Ƥ: IML]; same locality, 19.xi.1970 (C. Porter) [1 Ƥ: IML]; same locality, 1.xii.1971 (C. Porter) [1 3]; Horco Molle, Sierras San Javier, 700 m, 22.iii.1974 (L. Stange) [1 Ƥ: IML]; without locality label: [1 3 DZUP].
Distribution. Andean Piedmont of Argentina; Parana-Paraguay basin of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina, and an isolated records from the Serra de Baturité in Ceará, North Eastern Brazil and from Peru and the Bolivian Yungas. The holotype of Nortonia lugens is the only recorded Peruvian specimen so far. Von Schulthess (1904) circumstantially argued it could come from Callanga. More collectings are needed as to confirm the distribution of this species along the Bolivian and Peruvian Yungas and North Eastern Brazil. The distribution of this species has a noteworthy coincidence with the Seasonally Dry Forest phytogeographic unit defined by Prado (2000).
Biology. Bertoni (1911) records this species visiting flowers of Talinum patens (Portulaccaceae). It is not uncommon on flowers of Hyptis sp. (Lamiaceae) and Borreria sp. (Rubiaceae) in Paraguay. One of the males from Cororó and deposited in the AMNH bears abundant mites in the axillary fossae and over the posterior declivity of the propodeum, in a similar way as illustrated by Giordani Soika (1985: 191: fig. 3) for the African Pseudonortonia malelensis (Bequaert).
description: Published as part of Garcete-Barrett, Bolívar R., 2011, A revision of the genus Stenonartonia Giordani Soika 1973 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae), pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 2868 on pages 21-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277490