cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Large Language Model Is Not a Good Few-shot Information Extractor, but a Good Reranker for Hard Samples!
Creators: name: Ma, Yubo
name: Cao, Yixin
name: Hong, YongChing
name: Sun, Aixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large Language Models (LLMs) have made remarkable strides in various tasks. Whether LLMs are competitive few-shot solvers for information extraction (IE) tasks, however, remains an open problem. In this work, we aim to provide a thorough answer to this question. Through extensive experiments on nine datasets across four IE tasks, we demonstrate that current advanced LLMs consistently exhibit inferior performance, higher latency, and increased budget requirements compared to fine-tuned SLMs under most settings. Therefore, we conclude that LLMs are not effective few-shot information extractors in general. Nonetheless, we illustrate that with appropriate prompting strategies, LLMs can effectively complement SLMs and tackle challenging samples that SLMs struggle with. And moreover, we propose an adaptive filter-then-rerank paradigm to combine the strengths of LLMs and SLMs. In this paradigm, SLMs serve as filters and LLMs serve as rerankers. By prompting LLMs to rerank a small portion of difficult samples identified by SLMs, our preliminary system consistently achieves promising improvements (2.4% F1-gain on average) on various IE tasks, with an acceptable time and cost investment.
description: Accepted by EMNLP 2023 Findings
Lorentzian quantum cosmology with torsion
Creators: name: Mondal, Vikramaditya
name: Chakraborty, Sumanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate the Lorentzian gravitational path integral in the presence of non-vanishing torsion with the application of the Picard-Lefschetz theory for minisuperspaces corresponding to a number of phenomenological bouncing cosmological models as well as for the inflationary paradigm. It turns out that the semi-classical wave function derived from the saddle points of the path integral formalism coincides with the solutions of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation. Intriguingly, our analysis showed that the relative probability, derived using these semi-classical wave functions favors universes with smaller values of torsion. Moreover, we find that in the inflationary case, non-zero values of a certain parity-violating component of the torsion enhance the power in the large physical length scales, which can have important observational implications. On the other hand, in the case of bouncing models, the power spectrum is characterized by an initial region of growth, an intermediate oscillatory region, and then again a final region of growth. The shape of the power spectrum in the initial and intermediate regions is sensitive to the abundance of the bounce-enabling matter and torsion, along with the initial wave function of the universe, while the final size modifies the behavior of the power spectrum in the smaller length scales.
description: v2 is published in Physical Review D with minor changes
Geometric characterization for cyclic heat engines far from equilibrium
Creators: name: Van Vu, Tan
name: Saito, Keiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Considerable attention has been devoted to microscopic heat engines in both theoretical and experimental aspects. Notably, the fundamental limits pertaining to power and efficiency, as well as the tradeoff relations between these two quantities, have been intensively studied. This study aims to shed further light on the ultimate limits of heat engines by exploring the relationship between the geometric length along the path of cyclic heat engines operating at arbitrary speeds and their power and efficiency. We establish a tradeoff relation between power and efficiency using the geometric length and the timescale of the heat engine. Remarkably, because the geometric quantity comprises experimentally accessible terms in classical cases, this relation is useful for the inference of thermodynamic efficiency. Moreover, we reveal that the power of a heat engine is always upper bounded by the product of its geometric length and the statistics of energy. Our results provide a geometric characterization of the performance of cyclic heat engines, which is universally applicable to both classical and quantum heat engines operating far from equilibrium.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
K$^{*}$(892)$^{\pm}$ resonance production in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of K$^*$(892)$^\pm$ meson resonance is measured at midrapidity ($|y|<0.5$) in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV using the ALICE detector at the LHC. The resonance is reconstructed via its hadronic decay channel K$^*$(892)$^\pm \rightarrow \rm{K^0_S π^\pm}$. The transverse momentum distributions are obtained for various centrality intervals in the $p_{\rm T}$ range of 0.4-16 GeV/$c$. The reported measurements of integrated yields, mean transverse momenta, and particle yield ratios are consistent with previous ALICE measurements for K$^*$(892)$^0$. The $p_{\rm T}$-integrated yield ratio 2K$^*$(892)$^\pm$/($\rm{K^+ + K^-}$) in central Pb-Pb collisions shows a significant suppression (9.3$σ$) relative to pp collisions. Thermal model calculations overpredict the particle yield ratio. Although both simulations consider the hadronic phase, only HRG-PCE accurately represents the measurements, whereas MUSIC+SMASH tends to overpredict them. These observations, along with the kinetic freeze-out temperatures extracted from the yields of light-flavored hadrons using the HRG-PCE model, indicate a finite hadronic phase lifetime, which increases towards central collisions. The $p_{\rm T}$-differential yield ratios 2K$^*$(892)$^\pm$/($\rm{K^+ + K^-}$) and 2K$^*$(892)$^\pm$/($\rm{π^+ + π^-}$) are suppressed by up to a factor of five at $p_{\rm T}<2$ GeV/$c$ in central Pb-Pb collisions compared to pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 5.02 TeV. Both particle ratios and are qualitatively consistent with expectations for rescattering effects in the hadronic phase. The nuclear modification factor shows a smooth evolution with centrality and is below unity at $p_{\rm T}>8$ GeV/$c$, consistent with measurements for other light-flavored hadrons. The smallest values are observed in most central collisions, indicating larger energy loss of partons traversing the dense medium.
description: 28 pages, 8 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 22, published version, figures at http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/node/9596
Additional file 2 of Rapid and sustained response to JAK inhibition in a child with severe MDA5 + juvenile dermatomyositis
Creators: name: Strauss, Timmy
name: Günther, Claudia
name: Schnabel, Anja
name: Wolf, Christine
name: Hahn, Gabriele
name: Lee-Kirsch, Min Ae
name: Brück, Normi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 2
Skewness and kurtosis of mean transverse momentum fluctuations at the LHC energies
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first measurements of skewness and kurtosis of mean transverse momentum ($\langle p_\mathrm{T}\rangle$) fluctuations are reported in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV, Xe$-$Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ $=$ 5.44 TeV and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 5.02$ TeV using the ALICE detector. The measurements are carried out as a function of system size $\langle \mathrm{d}N_\mathrm{ch}/\mathrm{d}η\rangle_{|η|<0.5}^{1/3}$, using charged particles with transverse momentum ($p_\mathrm{T}$) and pseudorapidity ($η$), in the range $0.2 < p_\mathrm{T} < 3.0$ GeV/$c$ and $|η| < 0.8$, respectively. In Pb$-$Pb and Xe$-$Xe collisions, positive skewness is observed in the fluctuations of $\langle p_\mathrm{T}\rangle$ for all centralities, which is significantly larger than what would be expected in the scenario of independent particle emission. This positive skewness is considered a crucial consequence of the hydrodynamic evolution of the hot and dense nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions. Furthermore, similar observations of positive skewness for minimum bias pp collisions are also reported here. Kurtosis of $\langle p_\mathrm{T}\rangle$ fluctuations is found to be in good agreement with the kurtosis of Gaussian distribution, for most central Pb$-$Pb collisions. Hydrodynamic model calculations with MUSIC using Monte Carlo Glauber initial conditions are able to explain the measurements of both skewness and kurtosis qualitatively from semicentral to central collisions in Pb--Pb system. Color reconnection mechanism in PYTHIA8 model seems to play a pivotal role in capturing the qualitative behavior of the same measurements in pp collisions.
description: 24 pages, 5 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 18, published version, figures at http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/node/9598
Magnetism in the two-dimensional dipolar XY model
Creators: name: Sbierski, Björn
name: Bintz, Marcus
name: Chatterjee, Shubhayu
name: Schuler, Michael
name: Yao, Norman Y.
name: Pollet, Lode
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by a recent experiment on a square-lattice Rydberg atom array realizing a long-range dipolar XY model [Chen et al., Nature (2023)], we numerically study the model's equilibrium properties. We obtain the phase diagram, critical properties, entropies, variance of the magnetization, and site-resolved correlation functions. We consider both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions and apply quantum Monte Carlo and pseudo-Majorana functional renormalization group techniques, generalizing the latter to a U(1) symmetric setting. Our simulations perform extensive thermometry for the first time in dipolar Rydberg atom arrays and establish conditions for adiabaticity and thermodynamic equilibrium. On the ferromagnetic side of the experiment, we determine the entropy per particle S/N~0.5, close to the one at the critical temperature, S_c/N = 0.585(15). The simulations suggest the presence of an out-of-equilibrium plateau at large distances in the correlation function, thus motivating future studies on the non-equilibrium dynamics of the system.
description: 17 pages
Additional file 1 of Bulk brain tissue cell-type deconvolution with bias correction for single-nuclei RNA sequencing data using DeTREM
Creators: name: O’Neill, Nicholas K.
name: Stein, Thor D.
name: Hu, Junming
name: Rehman, Habbiburr
name: Campbell, Joshua D.
name: Yajima, Masanao
name: Zhang, Xiaoling
name: Farrer, Lindsay A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary table S1 and supplementary figures S1–S7.
MPEC 2024-W43 : 2024 WL
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 WL

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
A Comparative Study of Methods for Estimating Conditional Shapley Values and When to Use Them
Creators: name: Olsen, Lars Henry Berge
name: Glad, Ingrid Kristine
name: Jullum, Martin
name: Aas, Kjersti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Shapley values originated in cooperative game theory but are extensively used today as a model-agnostic explanation framework to explain predictions made by complex machine learning models in the industry and academia. There are several algorithmic approaches for computing different versions of Shapley value explanations. Here, we focus on conditional Shapley values for predictive models fitted to tabular data. Estimating precise conditional Shapley values is difficult as they require the estimation of non-trivial conditional expectations. In this article, we develop new methods, extend earlier proposed approaches, and systematize the new refined and existing methods into different method classes for comparison and evaluation. The method classes use either Monte Carlo integration or regression to model the conditional expectations. We conduct extensive simulation studies to evaluate how precisely the different method classes estimate the conditional expectations, and thereby the conditional Shapley values, for different setups. We also apply the methods to several real-world data experiments and provide recommendations for when to use the different method classes and approaches. Roughly speaking, we recommend using parametric methods when we can specify the data distribution almost correctly, as they generally produce the most accurate Shapley value explanations. When the distribution is unknown, both generative methods and regression models with a similar form as the underlying predictive model are good and stable options. Regression-based methods are often slow to train but produce the Shapley value explanations quickly once trained. The vice versa is true for Monte Carlo-based methods, making the different methods appropriate in different practical situations.
sj-docx-1-eae-10.1177_0958305X231171353 - Supplemental material for Gas market integration in South America: The role of Argentine gas to reduce the regional exposure to liquefied natural gas imports
Creators: name: Vilela Pinto dos Anjos, Henrique
name: Szklo, Alexandre
name: Chávez Rodríguez, Mauro Francisco
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: Geography

description: Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-eae-10.1177_0958305X231171353 for Gas market integration in South America: The role of Argentine gas to reduce the regional exposure to liquefied natural gas imports by Henrique Vilela Pinto dos Anjos, Alexandre Szklo and Mauro Francisco Chávez Rodríguez in Energy & Environment
Multiplicity and event-scale dependent flow and jet fragmentation in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV and in p$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long- and short-range correlations for pairs of charged particles are studied via two-particle angular correlations in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV and p$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV. The correlation functions are measured as a function of relative azimuthal angle $Δφ$ and pseudorapidity separation $Δη$ for pairs of primary charged particles within the pseudorapidity interval $|η| < 0.9$ and the transverse-momentum interval $1 < p_{\rm T} < 4$ GeV/$c$. Flow coefficients are extracted for the long-range correlations ($1.6 < |Δη| <1.8$) in various high-multiplicity event classes using the low-multiplicity template fit method. The method is used to subtract the enhanced yield of away-side jet fragments in high-multiplicity events. These results show decreasing flow signals toward lower multiplicity events. Furthermore, the flow coefficients for events with hard probes, such as jets or leading particles, do not exhibit any significant changes compared to those obtained from high-multiplicity events without any specific event selection criteria. The results are compared with hydrodynamic-model calculations, and it is found that a better understanding of the initial conditions is necessary to describe the results, particularly for low-multiplicity events.
description: 31 pages, 7 captioned figures, 2 tables, authors from page 25, published version, figures at http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/node/9602
Additional file 1 of Understanding daytime functioning in insomnia: responder and correlation analyses in patients treated with daridorexant
Creators: name: Luyet, Pierre-Philippe
name: Olivieri, Antonio
name: Braunstein, Guy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Estimates of overall and weekly change from baseline in IDSIQ total score and treatment difference between daridorexant 25 mg versus placebo. Table S2. Estimates of overall and weekly change from baseline in IDSIQ domain scores and treatment effect versus placebo. Table S3. Estimated odds ratios of being a responder with daridorexant 25 mg and daridorexant 50 mg versus placebo for the individual IDSIQ domain scores. Table S4. Estimated odds ratios of being a responder with daridorexant 50 mg and 25 mg versus placebo using MCID 17 (IDSIQ total score). Figure S1. Baseline correlations between IDSIQ total score and self-reported sleep parameters. Figure S2. Mean change from baseline in IDSIQ item scores over time. Figure S3. Responder analyses with daridorexant 25 mg using MCID 20 threshold (IDSIQ total score). Figure S4. Responder analysis with daridorexant 50 mg, daridorexant 25 mg and placebo using MCID 17 threshold (IDSIQ total score). Fig S5. Time (weeks) to first sustained response defined as a) at least 2 consecutive weeks and b) at least 4 consecutive weeks using the MCID 20 threshold (IDSIQ total score). Fig. S6. Time (weeks) to a) first response and b) first response sustained for at least 3 consecutive weeks using the MCID 17 threshold (IDSIQ total score). Figure S7. Mean change in IDSIQ total score in responders and non-responders treated with daridorexant 25 mg or placebo. Figure S8. Weekly correlations between change in IDSIQ total and domain scores and self-reported sleep parameters. Figure S9. Proportion of IDSIQ responders using MCID 17 threshold (total score) and / or sTST responders at Week 12.
An empirical and computational investigation of generalisation in nonword reading
Creators: name: Ayravainen, Laura
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Reading aloud new words requires an ability to generalise linguistic knowledge acquired via experience in reading. Yet, the exact cognitive mechanisms by which this happens are still unknown. In this PhD project, I investigated generalisation in reading aloud in English, focusing on pronunciations assigned to nonwords by skilled readers. This work consisted of computational, empirical and methodological investigations.
Firstly, I developed a new, symbolic model of reading aloud – the Weighted Segments Pronunciation (WSP) model. This model converts letter strings into speech sounds based on different statistical properties of the writing system, across varying sized print-to-sound correspondences. The WSP model simulated central tendencies in human nonword reading responses comparably to prominent computational models of reading (the DRC and the CDP++ models). Furthermore, the WSP model showed some promise in simulating variability in nonword reading, and the present work illustrated some ways to evaluate models that produce variable output. Issues in the performance of the WSP model were identified and several avenues for improving the model were discussed.
Secondly, I conducted two empirical studies, aiming to clarify which statistical properties of the writing system skilled readers are sensitive to. Both type and token frequency measures of print-to-sound correspondences were shown to be influential in nonword processing, with likely larger influence of type frequency.
Thirdly, I compared two methods of collecting information about how skilled readers process nonwords: the traditional nonword naming method (where participants read aloud nonwords) and a relatively new nonword rating method (where participants give acceptability ratings to pronunciations assigned to nonwords). These comparisons revealed that the rating method is a feasible alternative to the naming method, and it may reveal aspects about skilled readers' knowledge of print-to-sound correspondences that the nonword naming method cannot. These findings bear relevance to future empirical investigations and theory development of reading aloud.
Latent Stochastic Differential Equations for Modeling Quasar Variability and Inferring Black Hole Properties
Creators: name: Fagin, Joshua
name: Park, Ji Won
name: Best, Henry
name: Chan, James Hung-Hsu
name: Ford, K. E Saavik
name: Graham, Matthew J.
name: Villar, V. Ashley
name: Ho, Shirley
name: O'Dowd, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasars are bright and unobscured active galactic nuclei (AGN) thought to be powered by the accretion of matter around supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies. The temporal variability of a quasar's brightness contains valuable information about its physical properties. The UV/optical variability is thought to be a stochastic process, often represented as a damped random walk described by a stochastic differential equation (SDE). Upcoming wide-field telescopes such as the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) are expected to observe tens of millions of AGN in multiple filters over a ten year period, so there is a need for efficient and automated modeling techniques that can handle the large volume of data. Latent SDEs are machine learning models well suited for modeling quasar variability, as they can explicitly capture the underlying stochastic dynamics. In this work, we adapt latent SDEs to jointly reconstruct multivariate quasar light curves and infer their physical properties such as the black hole mass, inclination angle, and temperature slope. Our model is trained on realistic simulations of LSST ten year quasar light curves, and we demonstrate its ability to reconstruct quasar light curves even in the presence of long seasonal gaps and irregular sampling across different bands, outperforming a multioutput Gaussian process regression baseline. Our method has the potential to provide a deeper understanding of the physical properties of quasars and is applicable to a wide range of other multivariate time series with missing data and irregular sampling.
description: 22 pages, 12 figures
sj-pdf-1-pmj-10.1177_02692163231169319 – Supplemental material for Description of patient reported experience measures (PREMs) for hospitalised patients with palliative care needs and their families, and how these map to noted areas of importance for quality care: A systematic review
Creators: name: Virdun, Claudia
name: Garcia, Maja
name: Phillips, Jane L
name: Luckett, Tim
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 110308 Geriatrics and Gerontology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-pmj-10.1177_02692163231169319 for Description of patient reported experience measures (PREMs) for hospitalised patients with palliative care needs and their families, and how these map to noted areas of importance for quality care: A systematic review by Claudia Virdun, Maja Garcia, Jane L Phillips and Tim Luckett in Palliative Medicine
sj-pdf-1-pmj-10.1177_02692163231165325 – Supplemental material for The associations between prognostic awareness and health-related quality of life among patients with advanced cancer: A systematic review
Creators: name: Ng, Sean
name: Ozdemir, Semra
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 110308 Geriatrics and Gerontology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-pmj-10.1177_02692163231165325 for The associations between prognostic awareness and health-related quality of life among patients with advanced cancer: A systematic review by Sean Ng and Semra Ozdemir in Palliative Medicine
Additional file 1 of Recognising socio-cultural barriers while seeking early detection services for breast cancer: a study from a Universal Health Coverage setting in India
Creators: name: Sawhney, Riya
name: Nathani, Priyansh
name: Patil, Priti
name: Bhandarkar, Prashant
name: Veetil, Deepa Kizhakke
name: Venghateri, Jubina Balan
name: Roy, Nobhojit
name: Gadgil, Anita
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 2 of Recognising socio-cultural barriers while seeking early detection services for breast cancer: a study from a Universal Health Coverage setting in India
Creators: name: Sawhney, Riya
name: Nathani, Priyansh
name: Patil, Priti
name: Bhandarkar, Prashant
name: Veetil, Deepa Kizhakke
name: Venghateri, Jubina Balan
name: Roy, Nobhojit
name: Gadgil, Anita
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 1. Regression analysis of factors associated with breast cancer screening.
Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-her-10.1177_19375867231163336 - The Birth Companions’ Experience of the Birthing Room and How It Influences the Supportive Role: A Qualitative Study
Creators: name: Nilvér, Helena
name: Berg, Marie
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-her-10.1177_19375867231163336 for The Birth Companions’ Experience of the Birthing Room and How It Influences the Supportive Role: A Qualitative Study by Helena Nilvér and Marie Berg in HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal
Promoting equity, environmental sustainability and health: frameworks for action and advocacy
Creators: name: VALERIE ANNE KAY
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 111708 Health and Community Services
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: Environmental Humanities
subject: 111712 Health Promotion
subject: 40104 Climate Change Processes
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 160508 Health Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 160512 Social Policy
subject: 160601 Australian Government and Politics
subject: 111701 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health
subject: 160605 Environmental Politics
subject: 111705 Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety
subject: History

description: The study addresses the urgent problems of environmental degradation and inequality, using community-based action research. Participants developed a framework for promoting environmental sustainability, equity and health. The framework expressed an ethic of caring for people and environment, demonstrated in projects on local fresh food, housing sustainability and active transport. The value of such work is not fully recognised by mainstream economics. Mainstream economic discourse reflects patriarchal and colonial ideas about man improving nature, and sees caring as less important than competition and technology. I urge health promoters to challenge this discourse and advocate for an ethic of care.
Theory of Elastic Microphase Separation
Creators: name: Qiang, Yicheng
name: Luo, Chengjie
name: Zwicker, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elastic microphase separation refers to equilibrium patterns that form by phase separation in elastic gels. Recent experiments revealed a continuous phase transition from the homogeneous phase to a regularly patterned phase, whose period decreased for stiffer systems. We here propose a model that captures these observations. The model combines a continuous field of the elastic component to describe phase separation with nonlocal elasticity theory to capture the gel's microstructure. Analytical approximations unveil that the pattern period is determined by the geometric mean between the elasto-capillary length and a microscopic length scale of the gel. Our theory highlights the importance of nonlocal elasticity in soft matter systems, reveals the mechanism of elastic microphase separation, and will improve the engineering of such systems.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Supplemental Material - Disparities in Successful Discharge to the Community Following Use of Medicare Home Health by Level of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage
Creators: name: Jung, Daniel
name: Rajbhandari-Thapa, Janani
name: Chen, Zhuo
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: Endocrinology
Geriatrics and Gerontology
Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified

description: Supplemental Material for Disparities in Successful Discharge to the Community Following Use of Medicare Home Health by Level of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage by Daniel Jung, Janani Rajbhandari-Thapa, and Zhuo Chen in Journal of Applied Gerontology.
Supplemental Material - Weathering racism and colorism: Exploring concurrent and short-term longitudinal associations between discrimination, colorism, psychosocial health, and black and latinx emerging adults’ relationship satisfaction
Creators: name: Brown, Alaysia M.
name: Landor, Antoinette M.
name: Zeiders, Katharine H.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 200199 Communication and Media Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Supplemental Material for Weathering racism and colorism: Exploring concurrent and short-term longitudinal associations between discrimination, colorism, psychosocial health, and black and latinx emerging adults’ relationship satisfaction by Alaysia M Brown, Antoinette M Landor and Katharine H. Zeiders in Journal of Social and Personal Relationships
sj-pdf-1-wjn-10.1177_01939459231168699 – Supplemental material for DNP-PhD Collaboration in NINR-Funded Physical Activity Trials: A Series of Case Studies
Creators: name: Halloway, Shannon
name: Buchholz, Susan Weber
name: Odiaga, Janice A.
name: Bavis, Margaret Perlia
name: Lemke, Sally
name: Cygan, Heide R.
name: Kalensky, Melissa
name: Pelt, Phyllis Powell
name: Braun, Lynne T.
name: Tafini, Susan
name: Opdycke, Anita
name: Knudson, Krista A.
name: Daniel, Manju
name: Wilbur, JoEllen
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-wjn-10.1177_01939459231168699 for DNP-PhD Collaboration in NINR-Funded Physical Activity Trials: A Series of Case Studies by Shannon Halloway, Susan Weber Buchholz, Janice A. Odiaga, Margaret Perlia Bavis, Sally Lemke, Heide R. Cygan, Melissa Kalensky, Phyllis Powell Pelt, Lynne T. Braun, Susan Tafini, Anita Opdycke, Krista A. Knudson, Manju Daniel and JoEllen Wilbur in Western Journal of Nursing Research
Additional file 1 of Hepatocellular Carcinoma cells: activity of Amygdalin and Sorafenib in Targeting AMPK /mTOR and BCL-2 for anti-angiogenesis and apoptosis cell death
Creators: name: El-Sewedy, Tarek
name: Salama, Afrah Fatthi
name: Mohamed, Amro E.
name: Elbaioumy, Nashwa M.
name: El-Far, Ali H.
name: Albalawi, Aisha Nawaf
name: Elmetwalli, Alaa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
The global $B-L$ symmetry in the flavor-unified ${\rm SU}(N)$ theories
Creators: name: Chen, Ning
name: Mao, Ying-nan
name: Teng, Zhaolong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the origin of the global $B-L$ symmetry in a class of flavor-unified theories with gauge groups of ${\rm SU}(N\geq 6)$. In particular, we focus on the ${\rm SU}(8)$ theory which can minimally embed three-generational SM fermions non-trivially. A reformulation of the third law for the flavor sector proposed by Georgi is useful to manifest the underlying global symmetries. The 't Hooft anomaly matching and the generalized neutrality conditions for Higgs fields play the key roles in defining the $B-L$ symmetry. Based on the global $B-L$ symmetry, we count the Higgs fields that can develop the VEVs and the massless sterile neutrinos in the ${\rm SU}(8)$ theory. We also prove that a global $B-L$ symmetry can always be defined in any ${\rm SU}(N\geq 6)$ theory when it is spontaneously broken to the SM gauge symmetry.
description: 35 pages plus references, 11 tables, matches the published version
DANet: Enhancing Small Object Detection through an Efficient Deformable Attention Network
Creators: name: Mia, Md Sohag
name: Voban, Abdullah Al Bary
name: Arnob, Abu Bakor Hayat
name: Naim, Abdu
name: Ahmed, Md Kawsar
name: Islam, Md Shariful
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Efficient and accurate detection of small objects in manufacturing settings, such as defects and cracks, is crucial for ensuring product quality and safety. To address this issue, we proposed a comprehensive strategy by synergizing Faster R-CNN with cutting-edge methods. By combining Faster R-CNN with Feature Pyramid Network, we enable the model to efficiently handle multi-scale features intrinsic to manufacturing environments. Additionally, Deformable Net is used that contorts and conforms to the geometric variations of defects, bringing precision in detecting even the minuscule and complex features. Then, we incorporated an attention mechanism called Convolutional Block Attention Module in each block of our base ResNet50 network to selectively emphasize informative features and suppress less useful ones. After that we incorporated RoI Align, replacing RoI Pooling for finer region-of-interest alignment and finally the integration of Focal Loss effectively handles class imbalance, crucial for rare defect occurrences. The rigorous evaluation of our model on both the NEU-DET and Pascal VOC datasets underscores its robust performance and generalization capabilities. On the NEU-DET dataset, our model exhibited a profound understanding of steel defects, achieving state-of-the-art accuracy in identifying various defects. Simultaneously, when evaluated on the Pascal VOC dataset, our model showcases its ability to detect objects across a wide spectrum of categories within complex and small scenes.
description: ICCD-23
Supplemental Material - Secondary air induced flow structures and mixing in a fixed bed combustor
Creators: name: Junejo, Awais
name: Chapela, Sergio
name: Porteiro, Jacobo
name: Al-Abdeli, Yasir M
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 99999 Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: Supplemental Material for Secondary air induced flow structures and mixing in a fixed bed combustor by Awais Junejo, Sergio Chapela, Jacobo Porteiro, and Yasir M Al-Abdeli in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy.
Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-ojs-10.1177_23259671231157386 - Effect of Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength Relative to Body Weight on Risk of a Second ACL Injury: A Cohort Study of 835 Patients Who Returned to Sport After ACL Reconstruction
Creators: name: Simonson, Rebecca
name: Piussi, Ramana
name: Högberg, Johan
name: Senorski, Carl
name: Thomeé, Roland
name: Samuelsson, Kristian
name: Senorski, Eric Hamrin
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 110314 Orthopaedics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110604 Sports Medicine
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-ojs-10.1177_23259671231157386 for Effect of Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength Relative to Body Weight on Risk of a Second ACL Injury: A Cohort Study of 835 Patients Who Returned to Sport After ACL Reconstruction by Rebecca Simonson, Ramana Piussi, Johan Högberg, Carl Senorski, Roland Thomeé, Kristian Samuelsson and Eric Hamrin Senorski in Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
Additional file 2 of Hepatocellular Carcinoma cells: activity of Amygdalin and Sorafenib in Targeting AMPK /mTOR and BCL-2 for anti-angiogenesis and apoptosis cell death
Creators: name: El-Sewedy, Tarek
name: Salama, Afrah Fatthi
name: Mohamed, Amro E.
name: Elbaioumy, Nashwa M.
name: El-Far, Ali H.
name: Albalawi, Aisha Nawaf
name: Elmetwalli, Alaa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 2
sj-docx-1-pss-10.1177_09567976231163877 – Supplemental material for iGen or shyGen? Generational Differences in Shyness
Creators: name: Schmidt, Louis A.
name: Brook, Christina A.
name: Hassan, Raha
name: MacGowan, Taigan
name: Poole, Kristie L.
name: Jetha, Michelle K.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
subject: Neuroscience

description: Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-pss-10.1177_09567976231163877 for iGen or shyGen? Generational Differences in Shyness by Louis A. Schmidt, Christina A. Brook, Raha Hassan, Taigan MacGowan, Kristie L. Poole and Michelle K. Jetha in Psychological Science
sj-pdf-1-trj-10.1177_00405175221139321 - Supplemental material for Preparation of straw-reinforced grafted starch composite adsorbent for the treatment of textile printing and dyeing wastewater
Creators: name: Zhang, Hao
name: Wang, Haitao
name: Yaoyao, Zheng
name: Li, Fan
name: Hussain, Zawar
name: Chang, Na
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-trj-10.1177_00405175221139321 for Preparation of straw-reinforced grafted starch composite adsorbent for the treatment of textile printing and dyeing wastewater by Hao Zhang, Haitao Wang, Zheng Yaoyao, Fan Li, Zawar Hussain and Na Chang in Textile Research Journal
A discontinuous Galerkin approach for atmospheric flows with implicit condensation
Creators: name: Doppler, Sabine
name: Lederer, Philip L.
name: Schöberl, Joachim
name: von Wahl, Henry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a discontinuous Galerkin method for moist atmospheric dynamics, with and without warm rain. By considering a combined density for water vapour and cloud water, we avoid the need to model and compute a source term for condensation. We recover the vapour and cloud densities by solving a pointwise non-linear problem each time step. Consequently, we enforce the requirement for the water vapour not to be supersaturated implicitly. Together with an explicit time-stepping scheme, the method is highly parallelisable and can utilise high-performance computing hardware. Furthermore, the discretisation works on structured and unstructured meshes in two and three spatial dimensions. We illustrate the performance of our approach using several test cases in two and three spatial dimensions. In the case of a smooth, exact solution, we illustrate the optimal higher-order convergence rates of the method.
Detectability of Supermassive Dark Stars with the Roman Space Telescope
Creators: name: Zhang, Saiyang
name: Ilie, Cosmin
name: Freese, Katherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first bright objects to form in the Universe at redshift $z \sim 10-20$ might have been Dark Stars, made primarily of hydrogen and helium but powered by dark matter. In this study, we investigate the detectability of Supermassive Dark Stars (SMDS) by the Roman Space Telescope. RST will be able to detect SMDSs at redshifts as high as $z\simeq 14$. In cases with gravitational lensing factors of $μ\sim 100$, RST will be able to find SMDS as small as $\sim10^4 M_{\odot}$ at $z\sim 12$ with $\sim 10^6$ s of exposure. To differentiate SMDS from early galaxies containing zero metallicity stars at similar redshifts, we compare their spectra, photometry in RST bands, color indexes and image morphology. With RST alone, the differentiation is possible only for limited cases: SMDS formed via "adiabatic contraction" (DM pulled into the star via gravity alone) with $M\gtrsim 10^5M_{\odot}$ and lensed by $μ\gtrsim 30$ have distinct photometric signatures from those of the first galaxies. For SMDSs formed via "dark matter capture," their spectra are degenerate to those of many galaxies with little to no nebular emission. Thus with RST alone, the only way to tell them apart from first galaxies would be via image morphology: i.e. point object (SMDSs) vs. extended object (sufficiently magnified galaxies). However, if the same objects are further examined by JWST spectroscopy, a "smoking gun" for detection of SMDS is the HeII $λ$1640 absorption line. While RST does not cover the wavelength band required to find this line (for $z_{\rm emi}\gtrsim 10$), JWST does. Hence the two detectors can be used together in identifying SMDS. The confirmed detection of any SMDSs will provide evidence for a new type of star, powered by dark matter. Moreover, such massive stars can also be natural progenitors of the supermassive black holes powering the extremely bright quasars observed at $z\gtrsim 6$.
description: 49 pages, 24 figures
sj-pdf-1-trj-10.1177_00405175221138067 - Supplemental material for Grey model prediction for the interfacial properties of carbon fiber-reinforced bismaleimide resin under thermo-oxidative aging
Creators: name: Liu, Tong
name: Xue, Lili
name: Wu, Fan
name: Su, Jin
name: Xu, Yanyan
name: Wang, Chao
name: Hou, Lin
name: Fan, Wei
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-trj-10.1177_00405175221138067 for Grey model prediction for the interfacial properties of carbon fiber-reinforced bismaleimide resin under thermo-oxidative aging by Tong Liu, Lili Xue, Fan Wu, Jin Su, Yanyan Xu, Chao Wang, Lin Hou and Wei Fan in Textile Research Journal
Highly efficient visible and near-IR photon pair generation with thin-film lithium niobate
Creators: name: Harper, Nathan A.
name: Hwang, Emily Y.
name: Sekine, Ryoto
name: Ledezma, Luis
name: Perez, Christian
name: Marandi, Alireza
name: Cushing, Scott K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficient on-chip entangled photon pair generation at telecom wavelengths is an integral aspect of emerging quantum optical technologies, particularly for quantum communication and computing. However, moving to shorter wavelengths enables the use of more accessible silicon detector technology and opens up applications in imaging and spectroscopy. Here, we present high brightness ($(1.6 \pm 0.3) \times 10^{9}$ pairs/mW/nm) visible-near-IR photon pair generation in a periodically poled lithium niobate nanophotonic waveguide. The degenerate spectrum of the photon pairs is centered at 811 nm with a bandwidth of 117 nm. The measured on-chip source efficiency of $(2.3\pm 0.5) \times 10^{11}$ pairs/mW is on par with source efficiencies at telecom wavelengths and is also orders of magnitude higher than the efficiencies of other visible sources implemented in bulk crystal or diffused waveguide-based technologies. These results represent the shortest wavelength of photon pairs generated in a nanophotonic waveguide reported to date by nearly an octave.
description: Main text: 10 pages, 6 figures; Supplementary material: 5 pages, 3 figures. Author initials updated
sj-docx-1-taj-10.1177_20406223231168488 – Supplemental material for Lifetime risk, life expectancy, loss-of-life expectancy, and lifetime healthcare expenditures for psoriasis in Taiwan: a nationwide cohort followed from 2000 to 2017
Creators: name: Chiu, Hsien-Yi
name: Lan, Joung-Liang
name: Chiu, Ying-Ming
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cardiology
subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110308 Geriatrics and Gerontology
subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
subject: 110203 Respiratory Diseases

description: Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-taj-10.1177_20406223231168488 for Lifetime risk, life expectancy, loss-of-life expectancy, and lifetime healthcare expenditures for psoriasis in Taiwan: a nationwide cohort followed from 2000 to 2017 by Hsien-Yi Chiu, Joung-Liang Lan and Ying-Ming Chiu in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease