cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Different Algorithms for Optimizing Cutting Force Components in Turning Stainless Steel
Creators: name: Ahmed, Toukir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Improved turning performance is critical for higher quality goods to be manufactured and costs to be reduced. The objective of this paper is to determine the optimal cutting parameters that minimize the net force in turning AISI 201 stainless steel using different mathematical optimization algorithms. Spindle speed, feed, depth of cut, and workpiece diameter were selected as process parameters. L16 Taguchi Design of Experiments were employed which includes four factors and four levels. In addition, regression models were developed to estimate cutting forces. Then several mathematical optimization algorithms were used to find the optimal parameters that minimize the net force. The algorithms employed in this paper were brute force algorithm, genetic algorithm, SHGO algorithm and basinhopping algorithm. These algorithms are able to find optimal solutions of a set of equations with bounds and constraints. Both deterministic and non-deterministic techniques were used in these algorithms to achieve the optimized value. The optimal parameters in this investigation were cutting speed 245 rpm, feed 0.17 mm/rev, depth of cut 0.2 mm and workpiece diameter 19.1 mm
Single-electron dynamics in topologically protected systems
Creators: name: ACCIAI, MATTEO
Publisher: name: Universit� degli studi di Genova
Year: 2019

description: Electron quantum optics is a fast growing research field which aims at preparing, controlling and coherently manipulating single- to few-electrons states in mesoscopic condensed matter systems, in the same way as single photons can be manipulated in conventional quantum optics. Recently developed coherent single-electron sources are used to generate few-electron excitations in ballistic conductors, where their propagation is not affected by backscattering and phase coherence is preserved. Among several interesting problems related to electron quantum optics, an important question is whether and how interaction effects can influence the evolution of single-electron excitations generated by coherent sources. This will be the main topic of this thesis, where we investigate the properties of excitations created by applying a voltage pulse to a quantum conductor. The thesis can be conceptually divided into two main blocks, depending on which kind of interactions are taken into account. At first we consider a couple of conduction channels coupled by repulsive electron-electron interactions, focusing on two scenarios. Initially, co-propagating edge channels in the integer quantum Hall effect are considered, followed by counterpropagating channels emerging at the edge of a quantum spin Hall insulators. In both systems, electronic interactions induce a fractionalization process causing the initially generated excitations to split into smaller ones, carrying only a fraction of the injected charge. These fractionalized excitations are carefully analyzed both in the time domain as well as in energy and momentum space, which allows to access their particle-hole content. The analysis is based on an analytic approach relying on Luttinger liquid theory and bosonization techniques and applies to any voltage drive. Moreover, specializing to the relevant case of excitations created by quantized Lorentzian voltage pulses, known as Levitons, we show that the noise generated when they are partitioned at a scatterer is minimal, regardless of interactions. Further on, a completely different kind of interaction is addressed, namely superconducting correlations. In particular, we investigate the transport properties of a superconducting tunnel junction under the effect of an arbitrary periodic drive, showing that Levitons do minimize the low frequency noise in this kind of device too.
On Logically Cyclic Groups
Creators: name: Shahryari, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 20A15, Secondary 03C07 and 03C98

description: A group $G$ is called logically cyclic, if it contains an element $s$ such that every element of $G$ can be defined by a first order formula with parameter $s$. The aim of this paper is to investigate the structure of such groups.
description: Final modifications, Revised; Journal of Group Theory, 2014
Across-frequency envelope correlation discrimination and masked signal detection
Creators: name: Buss, Emily
name: Hall, Joseph W.
name: Grose, John H.
name: Porter, Heather L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: This study compared the dependence of comodulation masking release (CMR) and monaural envelope correlation perception (MECP) on the degree of envelope correlation for the same narrowband noise stimuli. Envelope correlation across noise bands was systematically varied by mixing independent bands with a base set of comodulated bands. The magnitude of CMR fell monotonically with reductions in envelope correlation, and CMR varied over a range of envelope correlations that were not discriminable from each other in the MECP paradigm. For complexes of 100-Hz-wide noise bands, discrimination thresholds in the MECP task were similar whether the standard was a comodulated set of noise bands or a completely independent set of noise bands. This was not the case for 25-Hz-wide noise bands. Although the data demonstrate that CMR and MECP exhibit different dependencies on the degree of envelope correlation, some commonality across the two phenomena was observed. Specifically, for 25-Hz-wide bands of noise, there was a robust relationship between individual listeners' sensitivity to decorrelation from an otherwise comodulated set of noise bands and the magnitude of CMR measured for those same comodulated noise bands.
Absence of Black Holes at LHC due to Gravity's Rainbow
Creators: name: Ali, Ahmed Farag
name: Faizal, Mir
name: Khalil, Mohammed M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the effect of Planckian deformation of quantum gravity on the production of black holes at colliders using the framework of gravity's rainbow. We demonstrate that a black hole remnant exists for Schwarzschild black holes in higher dimensions using gravity's rainbow. The mass of this remnant is found to be greater than the energy scale at which experiments were performed at the LHC. We propose this as a possible explanation for the absence of black holes at the LHC. Furthermore, we demonstrate that it is possible for black holes in six (and higher) dimensions to be produced at energy scales that will be accessible in the near future.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Phys. Lett. B
title: Light triggers a network switch between circadian morning and evening oscillators controlling behaviour during daily temperature cycles
Creators: name: Lorber, Clara
name: Leleux, Solene
name: Stanewsky, Ralf
name: Lamaze, Angelique
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 570 Biology

description: Proper timing of rhythmic locomotor behavior is the consequence of integrating environmental conditions and internal time dictated by the circadian clock. Rhythmic environmental input like daily light and temperature changes (called Zeitgeber) reset the molecular clock and entrain it to the environmental time zone the organism lives in. Furthermore, depending on the absolute temperature or light intensity, flies exhibit their main locomotor activity at different times of day, i.e., environmental input not only entrains the circadian clock but also determines the phase of a certain behavior. To understand how the brain clock can distinguish between (or integrate) an entraining Zeitgeber and environmental effects on activity phase, we attempted to entrain the clock with a Zeitgeber different from the environmental input used for phasing the behavior. 150 clock neurons in the Drosophila melanogaster brain control different aspects of the daily activity rhythms and are organized in various clusters. During regular 12 h light: 12 h dark cycles at constant mild temperature (LD 25°C, LD being the Zeitgeber), so called morning oscillator (MO) neurons control the increase of locomotor activity just before lights-on, while evening oscillator (EO) neurons regulate the activity increase at the end of the day, a few hours before lights-off. Here, using 12 h: 12 h 25°C:16°C temperature cycles as Zeitgeber, we attempted to look at the impact of light on phasing locomotor behavior. While in constant light and 25°C:16°C temperature cycles (LLTC), flies show an unimodal locomotor activity peak in the evening, during the same temperature cycle, but in the absence of light (DDTC), the phase of the activity peak is shifted to the morning. Here, we show that the EO is necessary for synchronized behavior in LLTC but not for entraining the molecular clock of the other clock neuronal groups, while the MO controls synchronized morning activity in DDTC. Interestingly, our data suggest that the influence of the EO on the synchronization increases depending on the length of the photoperiod (constant light vs 12 h of light). Hence, our results show that effects of different environmental cues on clock entrainment and activity phase can be separated, allowing to decipher their integration by the circadian clock.
description: Finanziert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU Münster).
Impact of no-fault medical malpractice compensation schemes on health system – a scoping literature review
Creators: name: Michalik, Beniamin
name: Dubas-Jakóbczyk, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Insurance Law
subject: Health and Medical Administration
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Health Law and Policy

description: Scoping review protocol
Anisotropic heavy quark potential in strongly-coupled $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Rougemont, R.
name: Critelli, R.
name: Noronha, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we use the gauge/gravity duality to study the anisotropy in the heavy quark potential in strongly coupled $\mathcal{N}=4$ Super-Yang Mills (SYM) theory (both at zero and nonzero temperature) induced by a constant and uniform magnetic field $\mathcal{B}$. At zero temperature, the inclusion of the magnetic field decreases the attractive force between heavy quarks with respect to its $\mathcal{B}=0$ value and the force associated with the parallel potential is the least attractive force. We find that the same occurs at nonzero temperature and, thus, at least in the case of strongly coupled $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM, the presence of a magnetic field generally weakens the interaction between heavy quarks in the plasma.
description: 26 pages, 5 figures; to appear in PRD
Recombination and Scintillation Models of Excited Xenon after Particle Interactions using XENON1T
Creators: name: Vassilev, Mirella
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: With the upgrade from XENON1T to XENONnT, the XENON collaboration aims to search for WIMP dark matter with greater sensitivity than ever before. The XENON experiments are dual phase Time Projection Chambers (TPCs), where the most fundamental signals in the detector are the scintillation photons and ionization electrons produced when a particle interacts in the LXe target. There is the primary scintillation light (S1) generated in the LXe and the secondary scintillation light (S2) induced by ionization electrons that drift to the liquid/gas border. This research centers on understanding the microphysics of the processes leading to S1 signals. The temporal S1 pulse shape is determined by a combination of single photoelectron (SPE) hits whose time signature depends largely on the ratio of dimers in either the singlet or triplet state and the recombination model. The intensity of the scintillation light from a decaying dimer is known in great detail and detector effects can be quantified, but the microphysics behind dimer formation is still an open question. We model a linear and exponential recombination function and quantify detector effects to fit to data. More research needs to be done to produce physical models.
title: Eine Verhandlung strukturalistischer Positionen in der Philosophie der Mathematik
Creators: name: Lutz, Kristof
Year: 2022

description: Der Strukturalismus innerhalb der Philosophie der Mathematik gilt als eine komplexe Strömung diverser philosophischer Reaktionen auf die im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert bemerkbare Umwälzung der mathematischen Praxis. Im Laufe des 20. Jahrhunderts bis heute haben sich in der Literatur diverse komparatistische Studien ergeben, welche einerseits taxonomische Sicherheit für die Fülle an solch ausgearbeiteten philosophisch strukturalistischen Positionen geben wollen und welche andererseits eine Kontrastierung derselben erlauben möchten. Obwohl dabei mindestens implizit eine Verhandlung diverser solcher Positionen mitschwingt, scheint dieselbe aber nicht expliziert und es rückt das Interesse an einer solch explizierten systematischen Verhandlung in den Fokus. Anhand einiger methodischer Reflexionen bietet diese Thesis eine Möglichkeit eine solch systematische Verhandlung explizieren zu können. Über ein exakt definiertes Bezugssystem einer möglichen systematischen Verhandlung ergibt sich hierbei eine Graduierung und Rangordnung diverser verhandelter Positionen hinsichtlich eines genau bestimmten Kriteriums.
description: Structuralism in philosophy of mathematics counts as complex movement of diverse philosophical reactions to the perceivable revolution of the mathematical praxis in the 19. and 20. century. During the 20. century till today several comparative studies can be found in the literature. On the one hand these studies intend to give a taxonomic safety for the richness of such elaborated philosophical structuralist positions. On the other hand they try to contrast idem. Although those studies at least imply a negotiation of such diverse positions, such like that hasn´t made explicit and the interest on an explicit systematic negotiation seems focused. With several methodical reflections this thesis reaches to a possibility of an explicitly given systematic negotiation. Across an exactly defined framework of a possible systematic negotiation a graduation and ranking of diverse negotiated positions with regard to a precise determined criterion is in reach.
Some Special Cases in the Stability Analysis of Multi-Dimensional Time-Delay Systems Using The Matrix Lambert W function
Creators: name: Cepeda-Gomez, Rudy
name: Michiels, Wim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper revisits a recently developed methodology based on the matrix Lambert W function for the stability analysis of linear time invariant, time delay systems. By studying a particular, yet common, second order system, we show that in general there is no one to one correspondence between the branches of the matrix Lambert W function and the characteristic roots of the system. Furthermore, it is shown that under mild conditions only two branches suffice to find the complete spectrum of the system, and that the principal branch can be used to find several roots, and not the dominant root only, as stated in previous works. The results are first presented analytically, and then verified by numerical experiments.
Effect of signal-temporal uncertainty in children and adults: Tone detection in noise or a random-frequency masker
Creators: name: Buss, Emily
name: Bonino, Angela Yarnell
name: Leibold, Lori J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: A cue indicating when in time to listen can improve adults' tone detection thresholds, particularly for conditions that produce substantial informational masking. The purpose of this study was to determine if 5- to 13-yr-old children likewise benefit from a light cue indicating when in time to listen for a masked pure-tone signal. Each listener was tested in one of two continuous maskers: Broadband noise (low informational masking) or a random-frequency, two-tone masker (high informational masking). Using a single-interval method of constant stimuli, detection thresholds were measured for two temporal conditions: (1) Temporally-defined, with the listening interval defined by a light cue, and (2) temporally-uncertain, with no light cue. Thresholds estimated from psychometric functions fitted to the data indicated that children and adults benefited to the same degree from the visual cue. Across listeners, the average benefit of a defined listening interval was 1.8 dB in the broadband noise and 8.6 dB in the random-frequency, two-tone masker. Thus, the benefit of knowing when in time to listen was more robust for conditions believed to be dominated by informational masking. An unexpected finding of this study was that children's thresholds were comparable to adults' in the random-frequency, two-tone masker.
Strong Selection Significantly Increases Epistatic Interactions in the Long-Term Evolution of a Protein
Creators: name: Gupta, Aditi
name: Adami, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Epistatic interactions between residues determine a protein's adaptability and shape its evolutionary trajectory. When a protein experiences a changed environment, it is under strong selection to find a peak in the new fitness landscape. It has been shown that strong selection increases epistatic interactions as well as the ruggedness of the fitness landscape, but little is known about how the epistatic interactions change under selection in the long-term evolution of a protein. Here we analyze the evolution of epistasis in the protease of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) using protease sequences collected for almost a decade from both treated and untreated patients, to understand how epistasis changes and how those changes impact the long-term evolvability of a protein. We use an information-theoretic proxy for epistasis that quantifies the co-variation between sites, and show that positive information is a necessary (but not sufficient) condition that detects epistasis in most cases. We analyze the "fossils" of the evolutionary trajectories of the protein contained in the sequence data, and show that epistasis continues to enrich under strong selection, but not for proteins whose environment is unchanged. The increase in epistasis compensates for the information loss due to sequence variability brought about by treatment, and facilitates adaptation in the increasingly rugged fitness landscape of treatment. While epistasis is thought to enhance evolvability via valley-crossing early-on in adaptation, it can hinder adaptation later when the landscape has turned rugged. However, we find no evidence that the HIV-1 protease has reached its potential for evolution after 9 years of adapting to a drug environment that itself is constantly changing.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures, plus Supplementary Material including Supplementary Text S1-S7, Supplementary Tables S1-S2, and Supplementary Figures S1-2. Version that appears in PLoS Genetics
On Dark Matter Selected High-Scale Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Zheng, Sibo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The prediction for the Higgs mass in the dark matter selected high-scale SUSY is explored. We show the bounds on SUSY-breaking scale in models of SM $+\tilde{w}$ and SM $+\tilde{h}/\tilde{s}$ due to the observed Higgs mass at the LHC. We propose that effective theory below scale $\tilde{m}$ described by SM $+\tilde{w}$ is possibly realized in gauge mediation with multiple spurion fields that exhibit significant mass hierarchy, and that by SM $+\tilde{h}/\tilde{s}$ can be realized with direct singlet-messenger-messenger coupling for singlet Yukawa coupling $λ\sim(v/\tilde{m})^{1/2}g_{\text{SM}}$. Finally, the constraint on high-scale SUSY is investigated in the light of inflation physics if these two subjects are directly related.
description: 16 pages, minor changes, journal version
Monaural envelope correlation perception for bands narrower or wider than a critical band
Creators: name: Buss, Emily
name: Hall, Joseph W.
name: Grose, John H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Monaural envelope correlation perception concerns the ability of listeners to discriminate stimuli based on the degree of correlation between the temporal envelopes of two or more frequency-separated bands of noise [Richards, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82, 1621–1630 (1987)]. Previous work has examined this ability for relatively narrow bandwidths, generally 100 Hz or less. The present experiment explored a wide range of bandwidths, from 25 to 1600 Hz, which included bands narrower and wider than a critical bandwidth. Stimuli were pairs of noise bands separated by a 500-Hz-wide spectral gap centered on 2250 Hz. The magnitude spectra of the pair of comodulated bands were either identical or reflected around the midpoint of the band, and performance was assessed with and without a low-pass noise masker. Although discrimination was best for intermediate bandwidths, mean performance was above chance for all bandwidths tested. Data were similar for stimuli with identical and reflected magnitude spectra, and for stimuli with and without the low-pass masker. The one exception was particularly good performance for intermediate-bandwidth stimuli with identical spectra, for which some listeners reported hearing a tonal cue. Results indicate that listeners are flexible in selecting spectral regions upon which to base across-frequency comparisons.
Phase-shift perfluorocarbon agents enhance high intensity focused ultrasound thermal delivery with reduced near-field heating
Creators: name: Sheeran, Paul S.
name: Puett, Connor
name: Matsunaga, Terry O.
name: Dayton, Paul A.
name: Phillips, Linsey C.
name: Wilson Miller, G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Ultrasound contrast agents are known to enhance high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation, but these perfluorocarbon microbubbles are limited to the vasculature, have a short half-life in vivo, and may result in unintended heating away from the target site. Herein, a nano-sized (100–300 nm), dual perfluorocarbon (decafluorobutane/dodecafluoropentane) droplet that is stable, is sufficiently small to extravasate, and is convertible to micron-sized bubbles upon acoustic activation was investigated. Microbubbles and nanodroplets were incorporated into tissue-mimicking acrylamide-albumin phantoms. Microbubbles or nanodroplets at 0.1 × 106 per cm3 resulted in mean lesion volumes of 80.4 ± 33.1 mm3 and 52.8 ± 14.2 mm3 (mean ± s.e.), respectively, after 20 s of continuous 1 MHz HIFU at a peak negative pressure of 4 MPa, compared to a lesion volume of 1.0 ± 0.8 mm3 in agent-free control phantoms. Magnetic resonance thermometry mapping during HIFU confirmed undesired surface heating in phantoms containing microbubbles, whereas heating occurred at the acoustic focus of phantoms containing the nanodroplets. Maximal change in temperature at the target site was enhanced by 16.9% and 37.0% by microbubbles and nanodroplets, respectively. This perfluorocarbon nanodroplet has the potential to reduce the time to ablate tumors by one-third during focused ultrasound surgery while also safely enhancing thermal deposition at the target site.
INTERCONNESSIONE GRAFICA TRA I VARI SILLABARI EGEI E LORO LEGGIBILIT�
Creators: name: SOLDANI, FRANCESCO
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2013

description: The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that the number of graphical connections between the various Aegean syllabic writings of the Bronze and Iron ages allows the grouping of them all into one single family of writing systems. This enables to propose phonetical values for a large majority of the graphemes found in the still undeciphered syllabaries, by connecting them to Linear B and Cypriot Syllabary signs, already deciphered. Every syllabary can also be compared with all the remaining ones, in order to determinate some of its peculiarities not shared with the others.
2+1-dimensional traversable wormholes supported by positive energy
Creators: name: Mazharimousavi, S. Habib
name: Halilsoy, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the shapes of the throats of wormholes, including thin-shell wormholes (TSWs) in $2+1-$dimensions. In particular, in the case of TSWs this is done in a flat $2+1-$dimensional bulk spacetime by using the standard method of cut-and-paste. Upon departing from a pure time-dependent circular shape i.e., $r=a\left( t\right) $ for the throat, we employ a $% θ-$dependent closed loop of the form $r=R\left( t,θ\right) ,$ and in terms of $R\left( t,θ\right) $ we find the surface energy density $σ$ on the throat. For the specific convex shapes we find that the total energy which supports the wormhole is positive and finite. In addition to that we analyze the general wormhole's throat. By considering a specific equation of $r=R\left( θ\right) $ instead of $r=r_{0}=const.,$ and upon certain choices of functions for $R\left( θ\right) $ we find the total energy of the wormhole to be positive.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, final version to appear in EPJC
The monaural temporal window based on masking period pattern data in school-aged children and adults
Creators: name: Buss, Emily
name: Hall, Joseph W.
name: Grose, John H.
name: He, Shuman
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Several lines of evidence indicate that auditory temporal resolution improves over childhood, whereas other data implicate the development of processing efficiency. The present study used the masking period pattern paradigm to examine the maturation of temporal processing in normal-hearing children (4.8 to 10.7 yrs) compared to adults. Thresholds for a brief tone were measured at 6 temporal positions relative to the period of a 5-Hz quasi-square-wave masker envelope, with a 20-dB modulation depth, as well as in 2 steady maskers. The signal was a pure tone at either 1000 or 6500 Hz, and the masker was a band of noise, either spectrally wide or narrow (21.3 and 1.4 equivalent rectangular bandwidths, respectively). Masker modulation improved thresholds more for wide than narrow bandwidths, and adults tended to receive more benefit from modulation than young children. Fits to data for the wide maskers indicated a change in window symmetry with development, reflecting relatively greater backward masking for the youngest listeners. Data for children >6.5 yrs of age appeared more adult-like for the 6500- than the 1000-Hz signal. Differences in temporal window asymmetry with listener age cannot be entirely explained as a consequence of a higher criterion for detection in children, a form of inefficiency.
Development of speech glimpsing in synchronously and asynchronously modulated noise
Creators: name: Buss, Emily
name: Hall, Joseph W.
name: Grose, John H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: This study investigated development of the ability to integrate glimpses of speech in modulated noise. Noise was modulated synchronously across frequency or asynchronously such that when noise below 1300 Hz was “off,” noise above 1300 Hz was “on,” and vice versa. Asynchronous masking was used to examine the ability of listeners to integrate speech glimpses separated across time and frequency. The study used the Word Intelligibility by Picture Identification (WIPI) test and included adults, older children (age 8–10 yr) and younger children (5–7 yr). Results showed poorer masking release for the children than the adults for synchronous modulation but not for asynchronous modulation. It is possible that children can integrate cues relatively well when all intervals provide at least partial speech information (asynchronous modulation) but less well when some intervals provide little or no information (synchronous modulation). Control conditions indicated that children appeared to derive less benefit than adults from speech cues below 1300 Hz. This frequency effect was supported by supplementary conditions where the noise was unmodulated and the speech was low- or high-pass filtered. Possible sources of the developmental frequency effect include differences in frequency weighting, effective speech bandwidth, and the signal-to-noise ratio in the unmodulated noise condition.
The effective theory of fluids at NLO and implications for dark energy
Creators: name: Ballesteros, Guillermo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the effective theory of fluids at next-to-leading order in derivatives, including an operator that has not been considered until now. The power-counting scheme and its connection with the propagation of phonon and metric fluctuations are emphasized. In a perturbed FLRW geometry the theory presents a set of features that make it very rich for modelling the acceleration of the Universe. These include anisotropic stress, a non-adiabatic speed of sound and modifications to the standard equations of vector and tensor modes. These effects are determined by an energy scale which controls the size of the high derivative terms and ensures that no instabilities appear.
description: 24 pages, to appear in JCAP
EX VIVO MONOCYTES SIGNATURES FROM CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE PATIENTS AND HEALTHY SUBJECTS THROUGH A LIPIDOMIC APPROACH
Creators: name: MANEGA, CHIARA MARIA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2019

description: Monocytes play a major role in atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall and specifically, the recruitment of circulating monocytes to the site of injury and their diapedesis through the endothelium (extravasation) are crucial events in atherosclerotic plaque progression. Monocytes are classified into three subsets according to the differential expression of the lipopolysaccharide receptor (CD14) and the Fc?III receptor (CD16): CD14++CD16- classical monocytes, intermediate CD14++CD16+ monocytes and non-classical CD14+CD16++. During circulation, monocytes are exposed to several environmental stimuli that may alter their metabolic state thus inducing a cellular reprogramming with important effects on their functional profile. Recent data indicated that subjects with altered blood lipid levels display circulating monocytes with an inflammatory profile. Most of researches investigated the mechanisms by which lipids and lipoproteins affects the monocyte functions leading to plaque formation, but no information about the relationship between cellular lipid composition and monocyte function are available. Aim of the study was to investigate a lipid profile of monocytes in healthy subjects (HS) and coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, and its influence on monocyte migration. Monocyte lipidomic profile was evaluated through an untargeted liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry platform operating in positive and negative ionization mode. Monocyte migration assay was performed using fetal bovine serum (FBS), or autologous serum as chemotactic stimuli. By means of an untargeted lipidomics approach, we evidence a different profile in CAD monocytes compared to HS, with a marked increase in lactosylceramide (d34:1) (d18:1/16:0) in patient?s monocytes. Moreover, we demonstrate that monocytes obtained from CAD patients show a significant increase in FBS- and autologous serum-mediated migration compared to HS. The lactosylceramide levels positive correlate with monocyte migration and the treatment with the inhibitor of lactosylceramide synthase significantly reduces the monocyte migration. The results of this study suggest that lipidomics profile may dysregulate cell function, such as migration in CAD patients? monocytes.
APOPTOSIS AND PARAPTOSIS, INVOLVING ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS, AUTOPHAGY AND MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION, ARE INDUCED BY DELTA-TOCOTRIENOL IN PROSTATE CANCER CELLS
Creators: name: FONTANA, FABRIZIO
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2020

description: Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the most aggressive form of prostate cancer with still limited therapeutic outcomes due to the development of resistance to standard treatments. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms at the basis of the pro-death activity of novel anticancer compounds is necessary to increase the treatment strategies for this pathology. Here, we demonstrated that ?-tocotrienol (?-TT, a vitamin E derivative) can induce apoptosis in human CRPC cell lines (PC3 and DU145) through modulation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-autophagy axis. In these cells, ?-TT also triggers paraptosis, a non-canonical cell death mechanism characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolation resulting from mitochondrial/ER swelling and requiring protein synthesis. Mechanistically, we observed that ?-TT downregulates OXPHOS protein levels and inhibits mitochondrial respiration in PC3 and DU145 cells, leading to reduced oxygen consumption, ATP depletion and AMPK activation. Moreover, ?-TT treatment resulted in Ca2+ homeostasis alteration and ROS production, followed not only by apoptosis/paraptosis but also by mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. Taken together, these data demonstrate that in CRPC ?-TT can trigger both apoptosis and paraptosis, involving ER stress and autophagy. In addition, they suggest that ?-TT specifically alters mitochondrial morphology and function, inducing Ca2+ overload- and oxidative stress-mediated cell death.
Multi-species network inference improves gene regulatory network reconstruction for early embryonic development in Drosophila
Creators: name: Joshi, Anagha
name: Beck, Yvonne
name: Michoel, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Gene regulatory network inference uses genome-wide transcriptome measurements in response to genetic, environmental or dynamic perturbations to predict causal regulatory influences between genes. We hypothesized that evolution also acts as a suitable network perturbation and that integration of data from multiple closely related species can lead to improved reconstruction of gene regulatory networks. To test this hypothesis, we predicted networks from temporal gene expression data for 3,610 genes measured during early embryonic development in six Drosophila species and compared predicted networks to gold standard networks of ChIP-chip and ChIP-seq interactions for developmental transcription factors in five species. We found that (i) the performance of single-species networks was independent of the species where the gold standard was measured; (ii) differences between predicted networks reflected the known phylogeny and differences in biology between the species; (iii) an integrative consensus network which minimized the total number of edge gains and losses with respect to all single-species networks performed better than any individual network. Our results show that in an evolutionarily conserved system, integration of data from comparable experiments in multiple species improves the inference of gene regulatory networks. They provide a basis for future studies on the numerous multi-species gene expression datasets for other biological processes available in the literature.
description: 10 pages text + 3 figures + 1 table + 2 supplementary figures + 3 supplementary tables
Topological transition in disordered planar matching: combinatorial arcs expansion
Creators: name: Lokhov, Andrey Y.
name: Valba, Olga V.
name: Nechaev, Sergei K.
name: Tamm, Mikhail V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we investigate analytically the properties of the disordered Bernoulli model of planar matching. This model is characterized by a topological phase transition, yielding complete planar matching solutions only above a critical density threshold. We develop a combinatorial procedure of arcs expansion that explicitly takes into account the contribution of short arcs, and allows to obtain an accurate analytical estimation of the critical value by reducing the global constrained problem to a set of local ones. As an application to a toy representation of the RNA secondary structures, we suggest generalized models that incorporate a one-to-one correspondence between the contact matrix and the RNA-type sequence, thus giving sense to the notion of effective non-integer alphabets.
description: 28 pages, 6 figures, published version
Effects of linguistic experience on the ability to benefit from temporal and spectral masker modulation
Creators: name: Hall, Joseph W.
name: Buss, Emily
name: Calandruccio, Lauren
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Masked speech perception can often be improved by modulating the masker temporally and/or spectrally. These effects tend to be larger in normal-hearing listeners than hearing-impaired listeners, and effects of temporal modulation are larger in adults than young children [Hall et al. (2012). Ear Hear. 33, 340–348]. Initial reports indicate non-native adult speakers of the target language also have a reduced ability to benefit from temporal masker modulation [Stuart et al. (2010). J. Am. Acad. Aud. 21, 239–248]. The present study further investigated the effect of masker modulation on English speech recognition in normal-hearing adults who are non-native speakers of English. Sentence recognition was assessed in a steady-state baseline masker condition and in three modulated masker conditions, characterized by spectral, temporal, or spectro-temporal modulation. Thresholds for non-natives were poorer than those of native English speakers in all conditions, particularly in the presence of a modulated masker. The group differences were consistent across maskers when assessed in percent correct, suggesting that a single factor may limit the performance of non-native listeners similarly in all conditions.
Matrix Completion under Interval Uncertainty
Creators: name: Marecek, Jakub
name: Richtarik, Peter
name: Takac, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Matrix completion under interval uncertainty can be cast as matrix completion with element-wise box constraints. We present an efficient alternating-direction parallel coordinate-descent method for the problem. We show that the method outperforms any other known method on a benchmark in image in-painting in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, and that it provides high-quality solutions for an instance of collaborative filtering with 100,198,805 recommendations within 5 minutes.
Exploring CP Violation in the MSSM
Creators: name: Arbey, A.
name: Ellis, J.
name: Godbole, R. M.
name: Mahmoudi, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the prospects for observing CP violation in the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM) with six CP-violating parameters, three gaugino mass phases and three phases in trilinear soft supersymmetry-breaking parameters, using the CPsuperH code combined with a geometric approach to maximize CP-violating observables subject to the experimental upper bounds on electric dipole moments. We also implement CP-conserving constraints from Higgs physics, flavour physics and the upper limits on the cosmological dark matter density and spin-independent scattering. We study possible values of observables within the constrained MSSM (CMSSM), the non-universal Higgs model (NUHM), the CPX scenario and a variant of the phenomenological MSSM (pMSSM). We find values of the CP-violating asymmetry A_CP in b -> s gamma decay that may be as large as 3%, so future measurements of A_CP may provide independent information about CP violation in the MSSM. We find that CP-violating MSSM contributions to the B_s meson mass mixing term Delta M_Bs are in general below the present upper limit, which is dominated by theoretical uncertainties. If these could be reduced, Delta M_Bs could also provide an interesting and complementary constraint on the six CP-violating MSSM phases, enabling them all to be determined experimentally, in principle. We also find that CP violation in the h_{2,3} tau+ tau- and h_{2,3} tbar t couplings can be quite large, and so may offer interesting prospects for future pp, e+ e-, mu+ mu- and gamma gamma colliders.
description: 36 pages, 32 figures
Three-Dimensional Autonomous Pacemaker in the Photosensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky medium
Creators: name: Azhand, Arash
name: Totz, Jan Frederik
name: Engel, Harald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In experiments with the photosensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction (PBZR) we found a stable three-dimensional organizing center that periodically emits trigger waves of chemical concentration. The experiments are performed in a parameter regime with negative line tension using an open gel reactor to maintain stationary non-equilibrium conditions. The observed periodic wave source is formed by a scroll ring stabilized due to its interaction with a no-flux boundary. Sufficiently far from the boundary, the scroll ring expands and undergoes the negative line tension instability before it finally develops into scroll wave turbulence. Our experimental results are reproduced by numerical integration of the modified Oregonator model for the PBZR. Stationary and breathing self-organized pacemakers have been found in these numerical simulations. In the latter case, both the radius of the scroll ring and the distance of its filament plane to the no-flux boundary after some transient undergo undamped stable limit cycle oscillations. So far, in contrary to their stationary counterpart, the numerically predicted breathing autonomous pacemaker has not been observed in the chemical experiment.
Preliminary evaluation of a two-interval, two-alternative infant behavioral testing procedure
Creators: name: Leibold, Lori J.
name: Browning, Jenna
name: Buss, Emily
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of an observer-based, two-interval forced-choice infant psychophysical testing procedure. Ten of 11 infants (7–9 months of age) achieved a criterion of 80%-correct detection of a 50-dB sound pressure level noise band in a single testing session. Fewer trials were needed to reach criterion using the two-interval procedure than previously reported for the single-interval observer-based psychophysical procedure [Olsho, Koch, Halpin, and Carter (1987). Devel. Psychol. 23, 627–640]. These results provide preliminary evidence that the two-interval procedure is feasible and efficient while controlling for observer and listener response bias.
On the running of the spectral index to all orders: a new model dependent approach to constrain inflationary models
Creators: name: Zarei, Moslem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In conventional model independent approaches, the power spectrum of primordial perturbations is characterized by such free parameters as spectral index, its running, the running of running, and the tensor-to-scalar ratio. In this work we, show that, at least for simple inflationary potentials, one can find the primordial scalar and tensor power spectra exactly by resumming over all the running terms. In this model-dependent method, we expand the power spectra about the pivot scale to find the series terms as functions of the e-folding number for some single field models of inflation. Interestingly, for the viable models studied here, one can sum over all the terms and evaluate the exact form of the power spectra. This in turn gives more accurate parametrization of the specific models studied in this work. We finally compare our results with the recent cosmic microwave background data to find that our new power spectra are in good agreement with the data.
description: 11 pages, 1 figures, 2 tables, v2: new data analysis
Unified Heat Kernel Regression for Diffusion, Kernel Smoothing and Wavelets on Manifolds and Its Application to Mandible Growth Modeling in CT Images
Creators: name: Chung, Moo K.
name: Qiu, Anqi
name: Seo, Seongho
name: Vorperian, Houri K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a novel kernel regression framework for smoothing scalar surface data using the Laplace-Beltrami eigenfunctions. Starting with the heat kernel constructed from the eigenfunctions, we formulate a new bivariate kernel regression framework as a weighted eigenfunction expansion with the heat kernel as the weights. The new kernel regression is mathematically equivalent to isotropic heat diffusion, kernel smoothing and recently popular diffusion wavelets. Unlike many previous partial differential equation based approaches involving diffusion, our approach represents the solution of diffusion analytically, reducing numerical inaccuracy and slow convergence. The numerical implementation is validated on a unit sphere using spherical harmonics. As an illustration, we have applied the method in characterizing the localized growth pattern of mandible surfaces obtained in CT images from subjects between ages 0 and 20 years by regressing the length of displacement vectors with respect to the template surface.
description: Accepted in Medical Image Analysis