cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Distributed Aperture Telescopes and the Dragonfly Telephoto Array
Creators: name: Abraham, Roberto G.
name: van Dokkum, Pieter G.
name: Lokhorst, Deborah M.
name: Chen, Seery
name: Liu, Qing
name: Rice, Michael L.
name: Rice, E. Lynn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Telescope arrays allow high-performance wide-field imaging systems to be built more quickly and at lower cost than conventional telescopes. Distributed aperture telescopes (the premier example of which is the Dragonfly Telephoto Array) are a special type of array in which all telescopes point at roughly the same position in the sky. In this configuration the array performs like a large and optically very fast single telescope with unusually good control over systematic errors. In a few key areas, such as low surface brightness imaging over wide fields of view, distributed aperture telescopes outperform conventional survey telescopes by a wide margin. In these Proceedings we outline the rationale for distributed aperture telescopes, and highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the concept. Areas of observational parameter space in which the design excels are identified. These correspond to areas of astrophysics that are both relatively unexplored and which have unusually strong breakthrough potential.
description: Writeup of a talk given at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, 2022, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1612.06415
Overexpression and translocation of dynamin 2 promotes tumor aggressiveness in breast carcinomas
Creators: name: Sajed, Roya
name: Saeednejad Zanjani, Leili
name: Rahimi, Mandana
name: Mansoori, Maryam
name: Zarnani, Amir-Hassan
name: Madjd, Zahra
name: Ghods, Roya
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: dynamin 2
breast cancer
immunohistochemistry
tissue microarray (TMA)
invasion
cancer progression

description: Dynamin 2 is a GTPase protein that has been implicated in cancer progression through its various roles such as endocytosis, morphogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cellular contractions, and focal adhesion maturation. The increased expression levels of this molecule have been demonstrated with the development of several cancers such as prostate, pancreas, and bladder. However, its clinical significance in breast cancer is unclear yet. In the present study, the membranous, cytoplasmic, and nuclear expression levels of dynamin 2 molecule were evaluated for the first time, using immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarray (TMA) slides in 113 invasive breast cancer tissues. Moreover, afterward, the association between the dynamin 2 expression and clinicopathological features was determined. Our finding showed that, a higher nuclear expression of dynamin 2 is significantly associated with an increase in tumor stage (P = 0.05), histological grade (P = 0.001), and age of the patients (P = 0.03). In addition, analysis of the cytoplasmic expression levels of this molecule revealed that, there was a statistically significant difference between the expression levels of dynamin 2 among the different breast cancer subtypes (P = 0.003). Moreover, a significant association was found between the increased expression of dynamin 2 membranous and vascular invasion (VI) (P = 0.02). We showed that dynamin 2 protein expression has an association with more aggressive tumor behavior and more advanced disease in the patients with breast cancer; therefore, dynamin 2 molecule could be considered as an indicator of disease progression and aggressiveness.
description: EXCLI Journal; 19:Doc1423; ISSN 1611-2156
The StEllar Counterparts of COmpact high velocity clouds (SECCO) survey. I. Photos of ghosts
Creators: name: Bellazzini, M.
name: Beccari, G.
name: Battaglia, G.
name: Martin, N.
name: Testa, V.
name: Ibata, R.
name: Correnti, M.
name: Cusano, F.
name: Sani, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an imaging survey aimed at searching for the stellar counterparts of recently discovered ultra-compact high-velocity HI clouds (UCHVC). Adams et al. (2013) proposed these clouds to be candidate mini-haloes in the Local Group and/or its surroundings, within a distance range of 0.25-2.0 Mpc. Using the Large Binocular Telescope we obtain wide-field (~ 23' X 23') g- and r-band images of the twenty-five most promising and most compact clouds among the fifty-nine identified by Adams et al. Careful visual inspection of all the images does not reveal any stellar counterpart even slightly resembling LeoP, the only local dwarf galaxy that was found as a counterpart to a previously detected high velocity cloud. Only a possible distant (D>3.0 Mpc) counterpart to HVC274.68+74.70-123 has been identified on our images. The point source photometry in the central 17.3' X 7.7' chips reaches r<= 26.5, and is expected to contain most of the stellar counterparts to the UCHVCs. However, no obvious stellar over-density is detected in any of our fields, in marked contrast to our comparison LeoP field in which the dwarf galaxy is detected at a >30 sigma significance level. Only HVC352.45+59.06+263 may be associated with a weak over-density, whose nature cannot be ascertained with our data. Sensitivity tests shows that our survey would have detected any dwarf galaxy dominated by an old stellar population, with an integrated absolute magnitude M_V<= -8.0, a half-light radius r_h<= 300 pc, and lying within 1.5 Mpc from us, thereby confirming that it is unlikely that the observed UCHVCs are associated with stellar counterparts typical of known Local Group dwarf galaxies.
description: Accepted for publication by A&A. PdfLaTex. 24 pages, 27 figures. Minor changes; A&A language editing
The Dragonfly Spectral Line Mapper: Design and First Light
Creators: name: Chen, Seery
name: Lokhorst, Deborah M.
name: Shen, Jeff
name: Pasha, Imad
name: Malakhov, Evegni I.
name: Abraham, Roberto G.
name: van Dokkum, Pieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Dragonfly Spectral Line Mapper (DSLM) is the latest evolution of the Dragonfly Telephoto Array, which turns it into the world's most powerful wide-field spectral line imager. The DSLM will be the equivalent of a 1.6m aperture $f$/0.26 refractor with a built-in Integral Field Spectrometer, covering a five square degree field of view. The new telescope is designed to carry out ultra-narrow bandpass imaging of the low surface brightness universe with exquisite control over systematic errors, including real-time calibration of atmospheric variations in airglow. The key to Dragonfly's transformation is the "Filter-Tilter", a mechanical assembly which holds ultra-narrow bandpass interference filters in front of each lens in the array and tilts them to smoothly shift their central wavelength. Here we describe our development process based on rapid prototyping, iterative design, and mass production. This process has resulted in numerous improvements to the design of the DSLM from the initial pathfinder instrument, including changes to narrower bandpass filters and the addition of a suite of calibration filters for continuum light subtraction and sky line monitoring. Improvements have also been made to the electronics and hardware of the array, which improve tilting accuracy, rigidity and light baffling. Here we present laboratory and on-sky measurements from the deployment of the first bank of lenses in May 2022, and a progress report on the completion of the full array in early 2023.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, SPIE conference proceedings
“You could find a good or a bad provider, I would say you just have to go and see”: A qualitative study of the influence of perceptions of service quality on family planning service use in Burkina Faso
Creators: name: Onadja, Yentema
name: Guiella, Georges
name: Boukary, Kindo
name: Calhoun, Lisa M.
name: Bazie, Fiacre
name: Maytan-Joneydi, Amelia
name: Castle, Sarah
name: Speizer, Ilene S.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: This qualitative study from Burkina Faso explores community-level perceptions of family planning (FP) service quality among FP users and non-users. It examines how perspectives on service quality may influence women’s motivation to seek modern methods from health facilities. For this study, twenty focus group discussions were undertaken with non-users and current users of modern FP including unmarried, sexually active women ages 15–19 and 20–24 and ever married women ages 15–24 and 25+ in Bobo Dioulasso and Banfora, Burkina Faso. The findings demonstrate that respondents prioritized a welcoming environment, positive provider-client exchanges, the full provision of information (especially about side-effects), a pain-free experience, a short waiting time, and privacy and confidentiality. Poor service quality did not, in general, reduce women’s demand or need to use a FP method. Some women who were reluctant to use formal health services used a non-facility-based method (calendar method, withdrawal, condoms or abstinence). Importantly, many unmarried, younger women and adolescents, who were more likely to be stigmatized by providers, exhibited agency by proactively seeking a method despite the potential for a negative experience. They prioritized their health and wellbeing over and above any interpersonal barriers they were likely to encounter. Incorporating strategies to improve the quality of FP services based on locally defined elements of quality should be a specific programmatic goal. These strategies can be identified through quality assessments employing a woman-centered lens. Women who visit facilities can be encouraged to share their positive experiences with their networks to improve community-level perspectives of facility quality. Improving service quality can attract new users, especially adolescents, and retain those who have already adopted a FP method. Through these multi-pronged actions, women’s (and community) expectations and experience of quality can improve. This, in turn, may lead to greater client satisfaction and associated higher FP prevalence.
Quantum code for quantum error characterization
Creators: name: Omkar, S.
name: Srikanth, R.
name: Banerjee, Subhashish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum error correcting code is a subspace $\mathcal{C}$ such that allowed errors acting on any state in $\mathcal{C}$ can be corrected. A quantum code for which state recovery is only required up to a logical rotation within $\mathcal{C}$, can be used for detection of errors, but not for quantum error correction. Such a code with stabilizer structure, which we call an "ambiguous stabilizer code" (ASC), can nevertheless be useful for the characterization of quantum dynamics (CQD). The use of ASCs can help lower the size of CQD probe states used, but at the cost of increased number of operations.
description: 11 pages, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A
Unconventional localisation transition in high dimensions
Creators: name: Syzranov, S. V.
name: Gurarie, V.
name: Radzihovsky, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study non-interacting systems with a power-law quasiparticle dispersion $ξ_{\bf k}\propto k^α$ and a random short-range-correlated potential. We show that, unlike the case of lower dimensions, for $d>2α$ there exists a critical disorder strength (set by the band width), at which the system exhibits a disorder-driven quantum phase transition at the bottom of the band, that lies in a universality class distinct from the Anderson transition. In contrast to the conventional wisdom, it manifests itself in, e.g., the disorder-averaged density of states. For systems in symmetry classes that permit localisation, the striking signature of this transition is a non-analytic behaviour of the mobility edge, that is pinned to the bottom of the band for subcritical disorder and grows for disorder exceeding a critical strength. Focussing on the density of states, we calculate the critical behaviour (exponents and scaling functions) at this novel transition, using a renormalisation group, controlled by an $\varepsilon=2α-d$ expansion. We also apply our analysis to Dirac materials, e.g., Weyl semimetal, where this transition takes place in physically interesting three dimensions.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
Environment and Protostellar Evolution
Creators: name: Zhang, Yichen
name: Tan, Jonathan C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Even today in our Galaxy, stars form from gas cores in a variety of environments, which may affect the properties of resulting star and planetary systems. Here we study the role of pressure, parameterized via ambient clump mass surface density, on protostellar evolution and appearance, focussing on low-mass, Sun-like stars and considering a range of conditions from relatively low pressure filaments in Taurus, to intermediate pressures of cluster-forming clumps like the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC), to very high pressures that may be found in the densest Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs) or in the Galactic Center (GC). We present unified analytic and numerical models for collapse of prestellar cores, accretion disks, protostellar evolution and bipolar outflows, coupled to radiative transfer (RT) calculations and a simple astrochemical model to predict CO gas phase abundances. Prestellar cores in high pressure environments are smaller and denser and thus collapse with higher accretion rates and efficiencies, resulting in higher luminosity protostars with more powerful outflows. The protostellar envelope is heated to warmer temperatures, affecting infrared morphologies (and thus classification) and astrochemical processes like CO depletion to dust grain ice mantles (and thus CO morphologies). These results have general implications for star and planet formation, especially via their effect on astrochemical and dust grain evolution during infall to and through protostellar accretion disks.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures. accepted for publication in ApJL
Gravitational Stability of Vortices in Bose-Einstein Condensate Dark Matter
Creators: name: Brook, Mark N
name: Coles, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a simple model for a galactic halo under the assumption that it is dominated by a dark matter component in the form of a Bose-Einstein condensate involving an ultra-light scalar particle. In particular we discuss the possibility if the dark matter is in superfluid state then a rotating galactic halo might contain quantised vortices which would be low-energy analogues of cosmic strings. Using known solutions for the density profiles of such vortices we compute the self-gravitational interactions in such halos and place bounds on the parameters describing such models, such as the mass of the particles involved.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, published in the Open Journal of Astrophysics. Revised and updated paper originally written when authors were at the University of Nottingham but not previously published
Stop or Continue Data Collection: A Nonignorable Missing Data Approach for Continuous Variables
Creators: name: Paiva, Thais
name: Reiter, Jerry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present an approach to inform decisions about nonresponse follow-up sampling. The basic idea is (i) to create completed samples by imputing nonrespondents' data under various assumptions about the nonresponse mechanisms, (ii) take hypothetical samples of varying sizes from the completed samples, and (iii) compute and compare measures of accuracy and cost for different proposed sample sizes. As part of the methodology, we present a new approach for generating imputations for multivariate continuous data with nonignorable unit nonresponse. We fit mixtures of multivariate normal distributions to the respondents' data, and adjust the probabilities of the mixture components to generate nonrespondents' distributions with desired features. We illustrate the approaches using data from the 2007 U. S. Census of Manufactures.
An algorithm for the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula
Creators: name: Matone, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A simple algorithm, which exploits the associativity of the BCH formula, and that can be generalized by iteration, extends the remarkable simplification of the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff (BCH) formula, recently derived by Van-Brunt and Visser. We show that if $[X,Y]=uX+vY+cI$, $[Y,Z]=wY+zZ+dI$, and, consistently with the Jacobi identity, $[X,Z]=mX+nY+pZ+eI$, then $$ \exp(X)\exp(Y)\exp(Z)=\exp({aX+bY+cZ+dI}) $$ where $a$, $b$, $c$ and $d$ are solutions of four equations. In particular, the Van-Brunt and Visser formula $$\exp(X)\exp(Z)=\exp({aX+bZ+c[X,Z]+dI}) $$ extends to cases when $[X,Z]$ contains also elements different from $X$ and $Z$. Such a closed form of the BCH formula may have interesting applications both in mathematics and physics. As an application, we provide the closed form of the BCH formula in the case of the exponentiation of the Virasoro algebra, with ${\rm SL}_2({\rm C})$ following as a subcase. We also determine three-dimensional subalgebras of the Virasoro algebra satisfying the Van-Brunt and Visser condition. It turns out that the exponential form of ${\rm SL}_2({\rm C})$ has a nice representation in terms of its eigenvalues and of the fixed points of the corresponding Möbius transformation. This may have applications in Uniformization theory and Conformal Field Theories.
description: 1+8 pages. Comments and refences added. Typos corrected. Version to appear in JHEP
Conditions for wave trains in spiking neural networks
Creators: name: Senk, Johanna
name: Korvasová, Karolína
name: Schuecker, Jannis
name: Hagen, Espen
name: Tetzlaff, Tom
name: Diesmann, Markus
name: Helias, Moritz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Spatiotemporal patterns such as traveling waves are frequently observed in recordings of neural activity. The mechanisms underlying the generation of such patterns are largely unknown. Previous studies have investigated the existence and uniqueness of different types of waves or bumps of activity using neural-field models, phenomenological coarse-grained descriptions of neural-network dynamics. But it remains unclear how these insights can be transferred to more biologically realistic networks of spiking neurons, where individual neurons fire irregularly. Here, we employ mean-field theory to reduce a microscopic model of leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons with distance-dependent connectivity to an effective neural-field model. In contrast to existing phenomenological descriptions, the dynamics in this neural-field model depends on the mean and the variance in the synaptic input, both determining the amplitude and the temporal structure of the resulting effective coupling kernel. For the neural-field model we employ liner stability analysis to derive conditions for the existence of spatial and temporal oscillations and wave trains, that is, temporally and spatially periodic traveling waves. We first prove that wave trains cannot occur in a single homogeneous population of neurons, irrespective of the form of distance dependence of the connection probability. Compatible with the architecture of cortical neural networks, wave trains emerge in two-population networks of excitatory and inhibitory neurons as a combination of delay-induced temporal oscillations and spatial oscillations due to distance-dependent connectivity profiles. Finally, we demonstrate quantitative agreement between predictions of the analytically tractable neural-field model and numerical simulations of both networks of nonlinear rate-based units and networks of LIF neurons.
description: 36 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables
Virtuelle Realität und die alles bestimmende Wirklichkeit, die wir Gott nennen
Creators: name: Wendel, Saskia
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 40 Nr. 6 (2011): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 40, Heft 6
The impact of incorporating surgical simulation into trichiasis surgery training on operative aspects of initial live-training surgeries
Creators: name: Pedlingham, N.
name: Tadesse, D.
name: Dykstra, R.S.
name: Alemayehu, W.
name: Johnson, J.E.
name: Sisay, A.
name: Kollmann, K.M.
name: Gower, E.W.
name: Kello, A.B.
name: Merbs, S.L.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: BACKGROUND: While surgical simulation is regularly used in surgical training in high-income country settings, it is uncommon in low- and middle-income countries, particularly for surgical training that primarily occurs in rural areas. We designed and evaluated a novel surgical simulator for improving trachomatous trichiasis (TT) surgery training, given that trichiasis is mostly found among the poorest individuals in rural areas. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: TT surgery programs were invited to incorporate surgical simulation with a new, high fidelity, low-cost simulator into their training. Trainees completed standard TT-surgery training following World Health Organization guidelines. A subset of trainees received three hours of supplemental training with the simulator between classroom and live-surgery training. We recorded the time required to complete each surgery and the number of times the trainer intervened to correct surgical steps. Participants completed questionnaires regarding their perceptions. We also assessed trainer and trainee perceptions of surgical simulation training as part of trichiasis surgery training. 22 surgeons completed standard training and 26 completed standard training plus simulation. We observed 1,394 live-training surgeries. Average time to first live-training surgery completion was nearly 20% shorter the simulation versus the standard group (28.3 vs 34.4 minutes; p = 0.02). Trainers intervened significantly fewer times during initial live-training surgeries in the simulation group (2.7 vs. 4.8; p = 0.005). All trainers indicated the simulator significantly improved training by allowing trainees to practice safely and to identify problem areas before performing live-training surgeries. Trainees reported that simulation practice improved their confidence and skills prior to performing live-training surgeries. CONCLUSIONS: A single high-fidelity surgical simulation session can significantly improve critical aspects of initial TT surgeries.
Towards (3+1) gravity through Drinfel'd doubles with cosmological constant
Creators: name: Ballesteros, Angel
name: Herranz, Francisco J.
name: Naranjo, Pedro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the generalisation to (3+1) dimensions of a quantum deformation of the (2+1) (Anti)-de Sitter and Poincaré Lie algebras that is compatible with the conditions imposed by the Chern-Simons formulation of (2+1) gravity. Since such compatibility is automatically fulfilled by deformations coming from Drinfel'd double structures, we believe said structures are worth being analysed also in the (3+1) scenario as a possible guiding principle towards the description of (3+1) gravity. To this aim, a canonical classical $r$-matrix arising from a Drinfel'd double structure for the three (3+1) Lorentzian algebras is obtained. This $r$-matrix turns out to be a twisted version of the one corresponding to the (3+1) $κ$-deformation, and the main properties of its associated noncommutative spacetime are analysed. In particular, it is shown that this new quantum spacetime is not isomorphic to the $κ$-Minkowski one, and that the isotropy of the quantum space coordinates can be preserved through a suitable change of basis of the quantum algebra generators. Throughout the paper the cosmological constant appears as an explicit parameter, thus allowing the (flat) Poincaré limit to be straightforwardly obtained.
description: 12 pages. References and comments added. One misprint corrected
Convex drawings of the complete graph: topology meets geometry
Creators: name: Arroyo, Alan
name: McQuillan, Dan
name: Richter, R. Bruce
name: Salazar, Gelasio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C10, 05C62, 68R10

description: In this work, we introduce and develop a theory of convex drawings of the complete graph $K_n$ in the sphere. A drawing $D$ of $K_n$ is convex if, for every 3-cycle $T$ of $K_n$, there is a closed disc $Δ_T$ bounded by $D[T]$ such that, for any two vertices $u,v$ with $D[u]$ and $D[v]$ both in $Δ_T$, the entire edge $D[uv]$ is also contained in $Δ_T$. As one application of this perspective, we consider drawings containing a non-convex $K_5$ that has restrictions on its extensions to drawings of $K_7$. For each such drawing, we use convexity to produce a new drawing with fewer crossings. This is the first example of local considerations providing sufficient conditions for suboptimality. In particular, we do not compare the number of crossings {with the number of crossings in} any known drawings. This result sheds light on Aichholzer's computer proof (personal communication) showing that, for $n\le 12$, every optimal drawing of $K_n$ is convex. Convex drawings are characterized by excluding two of the five drawings of $K_5$. Two refinements of convex drawings are h-convex and f-convex drawings. The latter have been shown by Aichholzer et al (Deciding monotonicity of good drawings of the complete graph, Proc.~XVI Spanish Meeting on Computational Geometry (EGC 2015), 2015) and, independently, the authors of the current article (Levi's Lemma, pseudolinear drawings of $K_n$, and empty triangles, \rbr{J. Graph Theory DOI: 10.1002/jgt.22167)}, to be equivalent to pseudolinear drawings. Also, h-convex drawings are equivalent to pseudospherical drawings as demonstrated recently by Arroyo et al (Extending drawings of complete graphs into arrangements of pseudocircles, submitted).
The Old, Super-Metal-Rich Open Cluster, NGC 6791 - Elemental Abundances in Turn-off Stars from Keck/HIRES Spectra
Creators: name: Boesgaard, Ann Merchant
name: Lum, Michael G.
name: Deliyannis, Constantine P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of star clusters has advanced our understanding of stellar evolution, Galactic chemical evolution and nucleosynthesis. Here we investigate the composition of turn-off stars in the intriguing open cluster, NGC 6791, which is old, but super-metal-rich with high-resolution (46,000) Keck/HIRES spectra. We find [Fe/H] = +0.30 +/-0.02 from measurements of some 40 unblended, unsaturated lines of both Fe I and Fe II in eight turn-off stars. Our O abundances come from the O I triplet near 7774 A and we do a differential analysis relative to the Sun from our Lunar spectrum also obtained with Keck/HIRES. The O results are corrected for small nLTE effects. We find consistent ratios of [O/Fe]n with a mean of $-$0.06 +/-0.02. This continues the trend of decreasing [O/Fe] with increasing [Fe/H] found in field stars that are also both old and metal-rich. The small range in our oxygen abundances is consistent with a single population of stars. Our results for the alpha elements [Mg/Fe], [Si/Fe], [Ca/Fe], and [Ti/Fe] are near solar and compare well with those of the old, metal-rich field stars. The two Fe-peak elements, Cr and Ni, are consistent with Fe. These turn-off-star abundances provide benchmark abundances to investigate changes in the giants that might arise from nuclear-burning and dredge-up processes. Determinations of upper limits were found for Li by spectrum synthesis and these results support the prediction from standard theory that higher-metallicity stars deplete more Li. Probably no stars in NGC 6791 have retained their initial Li.
description: Accepted by The Astrophysical Journal 14 pages, 10 figures, 10 tables
Butterfly Factorization
Creators: name: Li, Yingzhou
name: Yang, Haizhao
name: Martin, Eileen
name: Ho, Kenneth
name: Ying, Lexing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The paper introduces the butterfly factorization as a data-sparse approximation for the matrices that satisfy a complementary low-rank property. The factorization can be constructed efficiently if either fast algorithms for applying the matrix and its adjoint are available or the entries of the matrix can be sampled individually. For an $N \times N$ matrix, the resulting factorization is a product of $O(\log N)$ sparse matrices, each with $O(N)$ non-zero entries. Hence, it can be applied rapidly in $O(N\log N)$ operations. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the butterfly factorization and its construction algorithms.
An ultraluminous nascent millisecond pulsar
Creators: name: Kluzniak, Wlodek
name: Lasota, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If the ultraluminous source (ULX) M82 X-2 sustains its measured spin-up value of $\dot ν= 10^{-10}\,{\rm s^{-2}}$, it will become a millisecond pulsar in less than $10^5\,$ years. The observed (isotropic) luminosity of $10^{40}\,$ erg/s also supports the notion that the neutron star will spin up to a millisecond period upon accreting about $0.1\,{\rm M_\odot}$---the reported hard X-ray luminosity of this ULX, together with the spin-up value, implies torques consistent with the accretion disk extending down to the vicinity of the stellar surface, as expected for low values of the stellar dipole magnetic field ($B\lesssim 10^9\,$G). This suggests a new channel of millisecond pulsar formation---in high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs)---and may have implications for studies of gravitational waves, and possibly for the formation of low-mass black holes through accretion-induced collapse.
description: proof-read version, <6 pages
A Hidradenitis Suppurativa molecular disease signature derived from patient samples by high-throughput RNA sequencing and re-analysis of previously reported transcriptomic data sets
Creators: name: Sayed, C.J.
name: Freudenberg, J.M.
name: Thomas, E.
name: Liu, Z.
name: Singh, J.
name: Traini, C.
name: Rajpal, D.K.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a common, debilitating inflammatory skin disease linked to immune dysregulation and abnormalities in follicular structure and function. Several studies have characterized the transcriptomic profile of affected and unaffected skin in small populations. In this study of 20 patients, RNA from lesional and matching non-lesional skin biopsies in 20 subjects were used to identify an expression-based HS disease signature. This was followed by differential expression and pathway enrichment analyses, as well as jointly reanalyzing our findings with previously published transcriptomic profiles. We establish an RNA-Seq based HS expression disease signature that is mostly consistent with previous reports. Bulk-RNA profiles from 104 subjects in 7 previously reported data sets identified a disease signature of 118 differentially regulated genes compared to three control data sets from non-lesional skin. We confirmed previously reported expression profiles and further characterized dysregulation in complement activation and host response to bacteria in disease pathogenesis. Changes in the transcriptome of lesional skin in this cohort of HS patients is consistent with smaller previously reported populations. The findings further support the significance of immune dysregulation, in particular with regard to bacterial response mechanisms. Joint analysis of this and previously reported cohorts indicate a remarkably consistent expression profile.
Am Küchentisch und an der "Table de la République"
Creators: name: Ziegler, Janine
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 40 Nr. 5 (2011): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 40, Heft 5
SSHOC Online Information Sessions: 2nd - Introduction to Skosmos Vocabulary Platform - Use case ELSST Thesaurus: Implementation and integration with VocBench
Creators: name: Bell, Darren
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: SSHOC
Social Sciences and Humanities Open Cloud
European Open Science Cloud
EOSC
SKOSMOS

description: In this session of the series, you will get acquainted with SKOSMOS, a web-based tool providing services for accessing controlled vocabularies, which are used by indexers describing documents and searchers looking for suitable keywords. Vocabularies are accessed via SPARQL endpoints containing SKOS vocabularies. SKOSMOS has been developed by the National Library of Finland. You can view a demo here. It is used by ACDH-CH, Norwegian National Library and the EU Publications Office. Use case ELSST Thesaurus: Implementation and integration with VocBench - Darren Bell
 UK Data Service 
High-precision realization of robust quantum anomalous Hall state in a hard ferromagnetic topological insulator
Creators: name: Chang, Cui-Zu
name: Zhao, Weiwei
name: Kim, Duk Y.
name: Zhang, Haijun
name: Assaf, Badih A.
name: Heiman, Don
name: Zhang, Shou-Cheng
name: Liu, Chaoxing
name: Chan, Moses H. W.
name: Moodera, Jagadeesh S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of the quantum Hall (QH) effect led to the realization of a topological electronic state with dissipationless currents circulating in one direction along the edge of a two dimensional electron layer under a strong magnetic field. The quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect shares a similar physical phenomenon as the QH effect, whereas its physical origin relies on the intrinsic spin-orbit coupling and ferromagnetism.Here we report the experimental observation of the QAH state in V-doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3 films with the zero-field longitudinal resistance down to 0.00013+-0.00007h/e2 (~3.35+-1.76 ohm), Hall conductance reaching 0.9998+-0.0006e2/h and the Hall angle becoming as high as 89.993+-0.004degree at T=25mK. Further advantage of this system comes from the fact that it is a hard ferromagnet with a large coercive field (Hc>1.0T) and a relative high Curie temperature. This realization of robust QAH state in hard FMTIs is a major step towards dissipationless electronic applications without external fields.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, this is the final version, accepted by Nature Materials, forthcoming
VIOLA - A multi-purpose and web-based visualization tool for neuronal-network simulation output
Creators: name: Senk, Johanna
name: Carde, Corto
name: Hagen, Espen
name: Kuhlen, Torsten W.
name: Diesmann, Markus
name: Weyers, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Neuronal network models and corresponding computer simulations are invaluable tools to aid the interpretation of the relationship between neuron properties, connectivity and measured activity in cortical tissue. Spatiotemporal patterns of activity propagating across the cortical surface as observed experimentally can for example be described by neuronal network models with layered geometry and distance-dependent connectivity. The interpretation of the resulting stream of multi-modal and multi-dimensional simulation data calls for integrating interactive visualization steps into existing simulation-analysis workflows. Here, we present a set of interactive visualization concepts called views for the visual analysis of activity data in topological network models, and a corresponding reference implementation VIOLA (VIsualization Of Layer Activity). The software is a lightweight, open-source, web-based and platform-independent application combining and adapting modern interactive visualization paradigms, such as coordinated multiple views, for massively parallel neurophysiological data. For a use-case demonstration we consider spiking activity data of a two-population, layered point-neuron network model subject to a spatially confined excitation originating from an external population. With the multiple coordinated views, an explorative and qualitative assessment of the spatiotemporal features of neuronal activity can be performed upfront of a detailed quantitative data analysis of specific aspects of the data. Furthermore, ongoing efforts including the European Human Brain Project aim at providing online user portals for integrated model development, simulation, analysis and provenance tracking, wherein interactive visual analysis tools are one component. Browser-compatible, web-technology based solutions are therefore required. Within this scope, with VIOLA we provide a first prototype.
description: 38 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables
Does the first chaotic inflation model in supergravity provide the best fit to the Planck data?
Creators: name: Linde, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I describe the first model of chaotic inflation in supergravity, which was proposed by Goncharov and the present author in 1983. The inflaton potential of this model has a plateau-type behavior $V_{0} (1- {8\over 3}\, e^{-\sqrt 6 |ϕ|})$ at large values of the inflaton field. This model predicts $n_{s} = 1-{2\over N} \approx 0.967$ and $r = {4\over 3 N^{2}} \approx 4 \times 10^{-4}$, in good agreement with the Planck data. I propose a slight generalization of this model, which allows to describe not only inflation but also dark energy and supersymmetry breaking.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, references added
Modelling uncertainty using stochastic transport noise in a 2-layer quasi-geostrophic model
Creators: name: Cotter, Colin
name: Crisan, Dan
name: Holm, Darryl D.
name: Pan, Wei
name: Shevchenko, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q35, 35Q86, 35R60

description: The stochastic variational approach for geophysical fluid dynamics was introduced by Holm (Proc Roy Soc A, 2015) as a framework for deriving stochastic parameterisations for unresolved scales. This paper applies the variational stochastic parameterisation in a two-layer quasi-geostrophic model for a beta-plane channel flow configuration. We present a new method for estimating the stochastic forcing (used in the parameterisation) to approximate unresolved components using data from the high resolution deterministic simulation, and describe a procedure for computing physically-consistent initial conditions for the stochastic model. We also quantify uncertainty of coarse grid simulations relative to the fine grid ones in homogeneous (teamed with small-scale vortices) and heterogeneous (featuring horizontally elongated large-scale jets) flows, and analyse how the spread of stochastic solutions depends on different parameters of the model. The parameterisation is tested by comparing it with the true eddy-resolving solution that has reached some statistical equilibrium and the deterministic solution modelled on a low-resolution grid. The results show that the proposed parameterisation significantly depends on the resolution of the stochastic model and gives good ensemble performance for both homogeneous and heterogeneous flows, and the parameterisation lays solid foundations for data assimilation.
Hyperbolic and cubical rigidities of Thompson's group V
Creators: name: Genevois, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65, 20F67

description: In this article, we state and prove a general criterion allowing us to show that some groups are hyperbolically elementary, meaning that every isometric action of one of these groups on a Gromov-hyperbolic space either fixes a point at infinity or has bounded orbits. Also, we show how such a hyperbolic rigidity leads to fixed-point properties on finite-dimensional CAT(0) cube complexes. As an application, we prove that Thompson's group $V$ is hyperbolically elementary, and we deduce that it satisfies Property $(FW_{\infty})$, ie., every isometric action of $V$ on a finite-dimensional CAT(0) cube complex fixes a point. It provides the first example of a (finitely presented) group acting properly on an infinite-dimensional CAT(0) cube complex such that all its actions on finite-dimensional CAT(0) cube complexes have global fixed points.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures
Der Koran - Gottespoesie oder Menschenwort?
Creators: name: Karimi, Ahmad Milad
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 40 Nr. 5 (2011): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 40, Heft 5
Die "Regensburger Rede" Papst Benedikts XVI.
Creators: name: Ansorge, Dirk
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 40 Nr. 5 (2011): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 40, Heft 5
Signature moments to characterize laws of stochastic processes
Creators: name: Chevyrev, Ilya
name: Oberhauser, Harald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62M99 (Primary) 60G35, 62M07 (Secondary)

description: The sequence of moments of a vector-valued random variable can characterize its law. We study the analogous problem for path-valued random variables, that is stochastic processes, by using so-called robust signature moments. This allows us to derive a metric of maximum mean discrepancy type for laws of stochastic processes and study the topology it induces on the space of laws of stochastic processes. This metric can be kernelized using the signature kernel which allows to efficiently compute it. As an application, we provide a non-parametric two-sample hypothesis test for laws of stochastic processes.
description: 42 pages. Restructured the text, changed experiments in final section. To appear in Journal of Machine Learning Research
SSHOC Online Information Sessions: 2nd - Introduction to Skosmos Vocabulary Platform - Introduction
Creators: name: Lappalainen, Mikko
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: In this session of the series, you will get acquainted with SKOSMOS, a web-based tool providing services for accessing controlled vocabularies, which are used by indexers describing documents and searchers looking for suitable keywords. Vocabularies are accessed via SPARQL endpoints containing SKOS vocabularies. SKOSMOS has been developed by the National Library of Finland. You can view a demo here. It is used by ACDH-CH, Norwegian National Library and the EU Publications Office.
A prospective, multi-site, cohort study to estimate incidence of infection and disease due to Lassa fever virus in West African countries (the Enable Lassa research programme)–Study protocol
Creators: name: Jacobsen, C.
name: Momoh, M.
name: DeMarco, J.
name: Annibaldis, G.
name: Ndiaye, A.
name: Nsaibirni, R.
name: Dan-Nwafor, C.
name: Garry, R.F.
name: Happi, C.
name: Verstraeten, T.
name: Ochu, C.
name: Vielle, N.J.
name: Honvou, É.J.J.P.
name: Adegnika, A.A.
name: NFaly, M.
name: Günther, S.
name: Camacho, A.
name: Yadouleton, A.
name: Deha, A.R.E.
name: Okogbenin, S.
name: Olayinka, A.
name: Ogbaini, E.
name: Accrombessi, M.
name: Samuels, R.
name: Wohl, D.A.
name: Duraffour, S.
name: Ihekweazu, C.
name: Yovo, E.K.
name: Adetifa, I.
name: Logbo, É.P.M.A.
name: Penfold, S.
name: Sandi, J.D.
name: Asogun, D.
name: Sibley, J.
name: Ayodeji, O.
name: Kanneh, L.
name: Goba, A.
name: Grais, R.
name: Azuogu, B.N.
name: Fischer, W.A.
name: Grant, D.S.
name: Schieffelin, J.S.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: Background Lassa fever (LF), a haemorrhagic illness caused by the Lassa fever virus (LASV), is endemic in West Africa and causes 5000 fatalities every year. The true prevalence and incidence rates of LF are unknown as infections are often asymptomatic, clinical presentations are varied, and surveillance systems are not robust. The aim of the Enable Lassa research programme is to estimate the incidences of LASV infection and LF disease in five West African countries. The core protocol described here harmonises key study components, such as eligibility criteria, case definitions, outcome measures, and laboratory tests, which will maximise the comparability of data for between-country analyses. Method We are conducting a prospective cohort study in Benin, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria (three sites), and Sierra Leone from 2020 to 2023, with 24 months of follow-up. Each site will assess the incidence of LASV infection, LF disease, or both. When both incidences are assessed the LASV cohort (nmin = 1000 per site) will be drawn from the LF cohort (nmin = 5000 per site). During recruitment participants will complete questionnaires on household composition, socioeconomic status, demographic characteristics, and LF history, and blood samples will be collected to determine IgG LASV serostatus. LF disease cohort participants will be contacted biweekly to identify acute febrile cases, from whom blood samples will be drawn to test for active LASV infection using RT-PCR. Symptom and treatment data will be abstracted from medical records of LF cases. LF survivors will be followed up after four months to assess sequelae, specifically sensorineural hearing loss. LASV infection cohort participants will be asked for a blood sample every six months to assess LASV serostatus (IgG and IgM). Discussion Data on LASV infection and LF disease incidence in West Africa from this research programme will determine the feasibility of future Phase IIb or III clinical trials for LF vaccine candidates.