cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Essential oils composition of Litsea glauca and Litsea fulva and their anticholinesterase inhibitory activity
Creators: name: Salleh, Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan
name: Salihu, Abubakar Siddiq
name: Ghani, Nurunajah Ab
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: This study was designed to examine the essential oils compositions of Litsea glauca Siebold and Litsea fulva Fern.-Vill. growing in Malaysia. The essential oils were achieved by hydrodistillation and fully characterized by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The study identified 17 and 19 components from the leaf oils from L. glauca (80.7%) and L. fulva (81.5%), respectively. The major components of L. glauca oil were β-selinene (30.8%), β-calacorene (11.3%), tridecanal (7.6%), isophytol (4.8%) and β-eudesmol (4.5%); whereas in L. fulva oil gave β-caryophyllene (27.8%), caryophyllene oxide (12.8%), α-cadinol (6.3%), (E)-nerolidol (5.7%), β-selinene (5.5%) and tridecanal (5.0%). Anticholinesterase activity was evaluated using Ellman method. The essential oils showed moderate inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase assays. Our findings demonstrate that the essential oil could be very useful for the characterization, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic applications of the essential oil from the genus Litsea.
Chemical characterization, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity of fatty acids methyl esters from Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos (Bignoniaceae) seeds
Creators: name: Santos, Luana Cristina Diniz
name: Azevedo, Lucas Santos
name: de Siqueira, Ezequias Pessoa
name: Castro, Ana Hortência Fonsêca
name: dos Santos Lima, Luciana Alves Rodrigues
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Handroanthus impetiginosus, popularly known as “ipê-roxo”, is used in folk medicine to treat skin inflammations, infections, stomach diseases, and cancer. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) obtained from the esterification reaction of fatty acids (FA) found in the hexane extract (HE) of seeds of H. impetiginosus were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the HE and FAMEs were evaluated. Methyl palmitate, methyl linoleate, methyl oleate, and methyl stearate were the major FAMEs obtained from the HE. The samples, especially the HE, exhibited a significant antioxidant potential analyzed by ferric reducing ability power (FRAP) assay. In the A. salina larvae bioassay, the HE showed no cytotoxic effects, but the FAMEs exhibited a high toxicity. This study reported, for the first time, the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the HE and FAMEs obtained from H. impetiginosus seeds.
Measurements of inclusive and differential cross sections for the Higgs boson production and decay to four-leptons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the inclusive and differential fiducial cross sections for the Higgs boson production in the H $\to$ ZZ $\to$ 4$\ell$ ($\ell$ = e,$μ$) decay channel are presented. The results are obtained from the analysis of proton-proton collision data recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. The measured inclusive fiducial cross section is 2.73 $\pm$ 0.26 fb, in agreement with the standard model expectation of 2.86 $\pm$ 0.1 fb. Differential cross sections are measured as a function of several kinematic observables sensitive to the Higgs boson production and decay to four leptons. A set of double-differential measurements is also performed, yielding a comprehensive characterization of the four leptons final state. Constraints on the Higgs boson trilinear coupling and on the bottom and charm quark coupling modifiers are derived from its transverse momentum distribution. All results are consistent with theoretical predictions from the standard model.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIG-21-009 (CMS Public Pages)
On entanglement spreading from holography
Creators: name: Mezei, Márk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A global quench is an interesting setting where we can study thermalization of subsystems in a pure state. We investigate entanglement entropy (EE) growth in global quenches in holographic field theories and relate some of its aspects to quantities characterizing chaos. More specifically we obtain four key results: 1. We prove holographic bounds on the entanglement velocity $v_E$ and the butterfly effect speed $v_B$ that arises in the study of chaos. 2. We obtain the EE as a function of time for large spherical entangling surfaces analytically. We show that the EE is insensitive to the details of the initial state or quench protocol. 3. In a thermofield double state we determine analytically the two-sided mutual information between two large concentric spheres separated in time. 4. We derive a bound on the rate of growth of EE for arbitrary shapes, and develop an expansion for EE at early times. In a companion paper arXiv:1608.05101, we put these results in the broader context of EE growth in chaotic systems: we relate EE growth to the chaotic spreading of operators, derive bounds on EE at a given time, and compare the holographic results to spin chain numerics and toy models. In this paper, we perform holographic calculations that provide the basis of arguments presented in that paper.
description: v2: presentation improved, typos fixed, 54 pages, 17 figures v1: 53 pages, 16 figures
The multiresolution analysis of flow graphs
Creators: name: Huntsman, Steve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce and prove basic results about several graph-theoretic notions relevant to the multiresolution analysis of flow graphs that represent the transfer of control in computer programs. We take a category-theoretical viewpoint to demonstrate that our definitions are natural and to motivate particular incarnations of related constructions.
description: WoLLIC 2019; 19 pages. See v1 for MATLAB code
Introducing the monoclinic polymorph of the Kitaev magnet Na$_{2}$Co$_{2}$TeO$_{6}$
Creators: name: Dufault, Emilie
name: Bahrami, Faranak
name: Streeter, Alenna
name: Yao, Xiaohan
name: Gonzalez, Enrique
name: Zhang, Qiang
name: Tafti, Fazel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent theoretical studies have suggested that the low-energy Hamiltonian of honeycomb cobaltate systems could be dominated by anisotropic Kitaev interactions. Motivated by the theory, a honeycomb layered material Na$_{2}$Co$_{2}$TeO$_{6}$ with a hexagonal unit cell has been studied and found to exhibit antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering at 27 K with two spin reorientation transitions at 15 and 5 K. Here we report a monoclinic polymorph of Na$_{2}$Co$_{2}$TeO$_{6}$, also with honeycomb layered structure but with a single AFM transition at 9.6 K and without spin reorientation transitions at lower temperatures. Using neutron diffraction, we identify an in-plane zigzag AFM order in the ground-state with the spins canted out of the honeycomb planes and ferromagnetically coupled between them. The zigzag order is suppressed by a magnetic field of 6 T.
description: 7 Figures, 3 tables
A partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist isolated from the roots of Euphorbia sikkimensis
Creators: name: He, Liping
name: Yuchen, Daili
name: Zhang, Shangzhi
name: Hui, Yangyang
name: Wei, Namei
name: He, Yangqing
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Chemical constituents of the Euphorbia sikkimensis roots was investigated and twelve known compounds were isolated, including three ent-atisane diterpenes: ent-(13S)-hydroxyatis-16-ene-3,14-dione (1), ent-(5β,8α,9β,10α,11α,12α)-11-hydroxyatis-16-ene-3,14-dione (2), ent-atisane-3-oxo-16α,17-diol (3); two kaurene diterpenes: ent-kaurane-3-oxo-16α,17-diol (4), ent-kaurane-3-oxo-16β,17-diol (5); one lathyane diterpene of latilagascene B (6); two flavonoids: quercetin (7), luteolin (8); one lignin d-pinoresinol (9); one coumarin scopoletin (10); together with ethyl gallate (11), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (12). Their structures were identified based on the extensive spectroscopic analysis in comparison with the literature data. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 6 and 9 were isolated from Euphorbia sikkimensis for the first time. The agonistic activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) for compounds 1, 7, 8, 9 and 11 was evaluated. Compound 1 exhibited moderate agonistic activity for PPARγ receptor with relative fluorescence intensity of 10.19 at 30.0 µM, in comparison with that of the positive control of rosiglitazone (28.50 at 2.0 µM).
Fate of multipolar physics in $5d^2$ double perovskites
Creators: name: Rayyan, Ahmed
name: Liu, Xiaoyu
name: Kee, Hae-Young
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a cubic environment, the ground state of spin-orbit coupled $5d^2$ ions is a non-Kramers $E_g$ doublet, which hosts quadrupole and octupole moments. A series of $5d^2$ osmium double perovskites Ba$_2M$OsO$_6$ (M = Mg, Ca, Zn, Cd) have recently been proposed to exhibit multipolar orders. We investigate the structural properties of these materials using $\textit{ab}$-$\textit{initio}$ calculations and find that the cubic structure is unstable for the Cd compound while the Mg, Ca, and Zn materials retain $Fm\bar{3}m$ symmetry. We show that Ba$_2$CdOsO$_6$ favours a rhombohedral $R\bar{3}$ structure characterized by $a^-a^-a^-$ octahedral tiltings as indicated by unstable $\mathcal{T}_{1g}$ phonon modes. Trigonal distortions split the excited $T_{2g}$ triplet into an $E'_g$ doublet and an $A_g$ singlet, which may cross energy levels with the $E_g$ doublet and suppress the multipolar physics. We find a window where $E_g$ remains the lowest energy state under trigonal distortion, enabling the emergence of multipole phases in non-cubic crystal environments.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, journal version with minor revisions
Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of quinones from Cetraria laevigata
Creators: name: Prokopiev, Ilya
name: Sleptsov, Igor
name: Serebryakov, Evgeny
name: Sharoyko, Vladimir
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry
Pharmacology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Chemical investigation of the extracts obtained from the red thallus tips from Cetraria laevigata resulted in the isolation of five known quinoid pigments identified by FT-IR, UV, NMR, MS methods and by comparison with literature data (skyrin (1), 3-ethyl-2,7-dihydroxynaphthazarin (2), graciliformin (3), cuculoquinone (4) and islandoquinone (5)). An antioxidant capacity of compounds 1–5 were evaluated and compared with quercetin using a lipid peroxidation inhibitory assay and superoxide radical (SOR), nitric oxide radical (NOR), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) scavenging assays. Compounds 2, 4 and 5 were far more active: they demonstrated the antioxidant capacity in various test assays with the IC50 values 5–409 µM comparable to the flavonoid quercetin. While, the isolated quinones (1–5) exhibited weak cytotoxicity in human cancer cell line A549 assessed by MTT assay.
Optimal Linear Subspace Search: Learning to Construct Fast and High-Quality Schedulers for Diffusion Models
Creators: name: Duan, Zhongjie
name: Wang, Chengyu
name: Chen, Cen
name: Huang, Jun
name: Qian, Weining
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, diffusion models have become the most popular and powerful methods in the field of image synthesis, even rivaling human artists in artistic creativity. However, the key issue currently limiting the application of diffusion models is its extremely slow generation process. Although several methods were proposed to speed up the generation process, there still exists a trade-off between efficiency and quality. In this paper, we first provide a detailed theoretical and empirical analysis of the generation process of the diffusion models based on schedulers. We transform the designing problem of schedulers into the determination of several parameters, and further transform the accelerated generation process into an expansion process of the linear subspace. Based on these analyses, we consequently propose a novel method called Optimal Linear Subspace Search (OLSS), which accelerates the generation process by searching for the optimal approximation process of the complete generation process in the linear subspaces spanned by latent variables. OLSS is able to generate high-quality images with a very small number of steps. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we conduct extensive comparative experiments on open-source diffusion models. Experimental results show that with a given number of steps, OLSS can significantly improve the quality of generated images. Using an NVIDIA A100 GPU, we make it possible to generate a high-quality image by Stable Diffusion within only one second without other optimization techniques.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
MARF: The Medial Atom Ray Field Object Representation
Creators: name: Sundt, Peder Bergebakken
name: Theoharis, Theoharis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose Medial Atom Ray Fields (MARFs), a novel neural object representation that enables accurate differentiable surface rendering with a single network evaluation per camera ray. Existing neural ray fields struggle with multi-view consistency and representing surface discontinuities. MARFs address both using a medial shape representation, a dual representation of solid geometry that yields cheap geometrically grounded surface normals, in turn enabling computing analytical curvature despite the network having no second derivative. MARFs map a camera ray to multiple medial intersection candidates, subject to ray-sphere intersection testing. We illustrate how the learned medial shape quantities applies to sub-surface scattering, part segmentation, and aid representing a space of articulated shapes. Able to learn a space of shape priors, MARFs may prove useful for tasks like shape retrieval and shape completion, among others. Code and data can be found at https://github.com/pbsds/MARF.
description: To be published in 3DOR 2023 and C&G Volume 114
Existence of nodal-arc and its evolution into Weyl-nodes in the presence of spin-orbit coupling in TaAs & TaP
Creators: name: Pandey, Vivek
name: Pandey, Sudhir K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we report the existence of nodal-arc, which acts as the building block of all the nodal-rings in TaAs & TaP. This nodal-arc is found to be capable of generating all the nodal-rings in these materials upon the application of space-group symmetry operations including time-reversal symmetry. The arcs are obtained to be dispersive with the energy spread of $\sim$109 ($\sim$204) meV in TaAs (TaP). Also, the orbitals leading to bands-inversion and thus the formation of nodal-arcs are found to be Ta-5d & As-4p (P-3p) in TaAs (TaP). The area of nodal-rings is found to be highly sensitive to the change in hybridization-strength, where the increase in hybridization-strength leads to the decrease in the area of nodal-rings. In the presence of spin-orbit coupling (SOC), all the points on these arcs get gaped-up and two pairs of Weyl-nodes are found to evolve from them. Out of the two pair, one is found to be situated close to the joining point of the two arcs forming a ring. This causes the evolution of each nodal-ring into three pairs of Weyl-nodes. The coordinates of these Weyl-nodes are found to be robust to the increase in SOC-strength from $\sim$ 0.7-3.5 eV. All the results are obtained at the first-principle level. This work provides a clear picture of the existence of nodal-arc due to accidental degeneracy and its evolution into Weyl-nodes under the effect of SOC.
Waves of seed propagation induced by delayed animal dispersion
Creators: name: Kazimierski, Laila D.
name: Kuperman, Marcelo N.
name: Wio, Horacio S.
name: Abramson, Guillermo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a model of seed dispersal that considers the inclusion of an animal disperser moving diffusively, feeding on fruits and transporting the seeds, which are later deposited and capable of germination. The dynamics depends on several population parameters of growth, decay, harvesting, transport, digestion and germination. In particular, the deposition of transported seeds at places away from their collection sites produces a delay in the dynamics, whose effects are the focus of this work. Analytical and numerical solutions of different simplified scenarios show the existence of travelling waves. The effect of zoochory is apparent in the increase of the velocity of these waves. The results support the hypothesis of the relevance of animal mediated seed dispersion when trying to understand the origin of the high rates of vegetable invasion observed in real systems.
description: Accepted in Journal of Theoretical Biology
Exploiting temporal information to detect conversational groups in videos and predict the next speaker
Creators: name: Tosato, Lucrezia
name: Fortier, Victor
name: Bloch, Isabelle
name: Pelachaud, Catherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Studies in human human interaction have introduced the concept of F formation to describe the spatial arrangement of participants during social interactions. This paper has two objectives. It aims at detecting F formations in video sequences and predicting the next speaker in a group conversation. The proposed approach exploits time information and human multimodal signals in video sequences. In particular, we rely on measuring the engagement level of people as a feature of group belonging. Our approach makes use of a recursive neural network, the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), to predict who will take the speaker's turn in a conversation group. Experiments on the MatchNMingle dataset led to 85% true positives in group detection and 98% accuracy in predicting the next speaker.
description: Accepted to Pattern Recognition Letter, 8 pages, 10 figures
Identification of compounds present in lipophilic extracts from Brachystola magna (Girard): substances with potential healing properties
Creators: name: Felix-Sagaste, Kenia G.
name: García-Armenta, Evangelina
name: Freyre-Fonseca, Verónica
name: Bastidas-Bastidas, Pedro
name: Picos-Corrales, Lorenzo A.
name: Cruz-Carrillo, Miguel A.
name: Amador-Espejo, Genaro G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Insects from the Orthoptera order possess important biological activities such as wound healing and represent a therapeutic resource in traditional medicine worldwide. Hence, this study addressed the characterisation of lipophilic extracts from Brachystola magna (Girard), identifying compounds with potential healing properties. For that, four extracts were obtained from sample 1 (head-legs) and sample 2 (abdomen): extract A (hexane/sample 1), extract B (hexane/sample 2), extract C (ethyl acetate/sample 1) and extract D (ethyl acetate/sample 2). All extracts were analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Compounds identified were squalene, cholesterol and fatty acids, having a higher concentration of linolenic acid in extracts A and B, while extracts C and D had a higher content of palmitic acid. Additionally, FTIR detected characteristic peaks of lipids and triglycerides. Components of the lipophilic extracts suggested that this product could be used for skin illnesses treatment.
Natural extensions of unimodal maps: virtual sphere homeomorphisms and prime ends of basin boundaries
Creators: name: Boyland, Philip
name: de Carvalho, André
name: Hall, Toby
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37E05, 37E30, 37B45

description: Let $\{f_t\colon I\to I\}$ be a family of unimodal maps with topological entropies $h(f_t)>\frac12\log 2$, and ${\widehat{f}}_t\colon{\widehat{I}}_t\to{\widehat{I}}_t$ be their natural extensions, where ${\widehat{I}}_t=\varprojlim(I,f_t)$. Subject to some regularity conditions, which are satisfied by tent maps and quadratic maps, we give a complete description of the prime ends of the Barge-Martin embeddings of ${\widehat{I}}_t$ into the sphere. We also construct a family $\{χ_t\colon S^2\to S^2\}$ of sphere homeomorphisms with the property that each $χ_t$ is a factor of ${\widehat{f}}_t$, by a semi-conjugacy for which all fibers except one contain at most three points, and for which the exceptional fiber carries no topological entropy: that is, unimodal natural extensions are virtually sphere homeomorphisms. In the case where $\{f_t\}$ is the tent family, we show that $χ_t$ is a generalized pseudo-Anosov map for the dense set of parameters for which $f_t$ is post-critically finite, so that $\{χ_{t}\}$ is the completion of the unimodal generalized pseudo-Anosov family introduced in [21].
description: Author accepted manuscript
title: The Neo-Classical Contributions to the Theory of International Trade
Creators: name: Arifeen, Mohammed
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1970

description: In a dynamic economy some of the most challenging policy problems tend to originate in the realm of international economic relations. In the post World War II period, these problems have been intensified and become more complex. Students of international economics often feel perplexed by numerous divergent and diametric views that well-trained and prudent men frequently offer for the solutions of what appear to be rather simple problems. Lack of understanding of the theoretical framework of international trade is largely responsible for students' puzzlement.

It is the purpose of this thesis to assemble a minimum framework of the theoretical issues of neo-classical international trade theory. An attempt is mace to put many of these concepts, which are scattered throughout the literature, into one concise framework. It is further hoped that arguments presented in this study would shed some light on many complex international problems and facilitate understanding of numerous pressing policy issues.

In the preparation of this study the author acknowledges a debt of gratitude to his chairman and the members of his thesis committee for their assistance, guidance, and many valuable suggestions which considerably improved this work. Any errors, of course, remain the author's responsibility.
Robust Lane Detection through Self Pre-training with Masked Sequential Autoencoders and Fine-tuning with Customized PolyLoss
Creators: name: Li, Ruohan
name: Dong, Yongqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Lane detection is crucial for vehicle localization which makes it the foundation for automated driving and many intelligent and advanced driving assistant systems. Available vision-based lane detection methods do not make full use of the valuable features and aggregate contextual information, especially the interrelationships between lane lines and other regions of the images in continuous frames. To fill this research gap and upgrade lane detection performance, this paper proposes a pipeline consisting of self pre-training with masked sequential autoencoders and fine-tuning with customized PolyLoss for the end-to-end neural network models using multi-continuous image frames. The masked sequential autoencoders are adopted to pre-train the neural network models with reconstructing the missing pixels from a random masked image as the objective. Then, in the fine-tuning segmentation phase where lane detection segmentation is performed, the continuous image frames are served as the inputs, and the pre-trained model weights are transferred and further updated using the backpropagation mechanism with customized PolyLoss calculating the weighted errors between the output lane detection results and the labeled ground truth. Extensive experiment results demonstrate that, with the proposed pipeline, the lane detection model performance on both normal and challenging scenes can be advanced beyond the state-of-the-art, delivering the best testing accuracy (98.38%), precision (0.937), and F1-measure (0.924) on the normal scene testing set, together with the best overall accuracy (98.36%) and precision (0.844) in the challenging scene test set, while the training time can be substantially shortened.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted by journal of IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
Photon production in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=2.76 TeV
Creators: name: Fu, Yong-Ping
name: Xi, Qin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the high energy photon production from the Pb+Pb collisions for different centrality classes at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=2.76 TeV Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energy. The jet energy loss in the jet fragmentation, jet-photon conversion and jet bremsstrahlung is considered by using the Wang-Huang-Sarcevic (WHS) and Baier-Dokshitzer-Mueller-Peigne-Schiff (BDMPS) models. We use the (1+1)-dimensional ideal relativistic hydrodynamics to study the collective transverse flow and space-time evolution of the quark gluon plasma (QGP). The numerical results agree well with the ALICE data of the direct photons from the Pb+Pb collisions ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=2.76 TeV) for 0-20\%, 20-40\% and 40-80\% centrality classes.
description: 4 figures
Higgs-Zeno Spacetime: Quantum Measurement, Dual Hamiltonians, and Mass-Energy Evolution
Creators: name: Chatterjee, D
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The search for a unified theory of gravity and gauge interactions remains one of the most profound challenges in fundamental physics. In this work, we introduce the Higgs-Zeno effect as a novel mechanism that dynamically modifies spacetime curvature, leading to an emergent unification of Einstein’s gravity with gauge fields. By incorporating measurement-induced suppression terms into the Einstein-Yang-Mills framework, we derive modified renormalization group (RG) equations, demonstrating that Newton’s constant GGG evolves alongside gauge couplings at high-energy scales. This results in a precise unification of gravity and gauge forces at μUFT∼1018\mu_{\text{UFT}} \sim 10^{18}μUFT∼1018 GeV, offering a natural resolution to quantum gravity inconsistencies in grand unified theories (GUTs).

Furthermore, our framework predicts observable deviations in fundamental physics:

Gravitational wave speed modifications (Δc/c∼10−5\Delta c/c \sim 10^{-5}Δc/c∼10−5), potentially detectable by LISA.

Suppressed black hole evaporation rates (∼10−3\sim10^{-3}∼10−3 corrections to Hawking radiation), impacting black hole thermodynamics.

A dark matter candidate (Ψ\PsiΨ), consistent with XENONnT constraints, with a predicted direct detection cross-section of σΨ∼10−49 cm2\sigma_\Psi \sim 10^{-49} \text{ cm}^2σΨ∼10−49 cm2.

By bridging quantum measurement dynamics, gauge interactions, and spacetime geometry, the Higgs-Zeno effect provides a new pathway toward a unified quantum gravity framework with testable experimental consequences.

 

AcknowledgementsThe author acknowledges the use of OpenAI's ChatGPT and DeepSeek as assistive tools in the development of ideas, refinement of theoretical models, and support in drafting and editing the manuscript. The AI was employed for brainstorming, language polishing, diagram suggestions, and exploring mathematical formulations, with all conceptual direction and final interpretations guided by the author.
Predictability of escape for a stochastic saddle-node bifurcation: when rare events are typical
Creators: name: Herbert, Corentin
name: Bouchet, Freddy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transitions between multiple stable states of nonlinear systems are ubiquitous in physics, chemistry, and beyond. Two types of behaviors are usually seen as mutually exclusive: unpredictable noise-induced transitions and predictable bifurcations of the underlying vector field. Here, we report a new situation, corresponding to a fluctuating system approaching a bifurcation, where both effects collaborate. We show that the problem can be reduced to a single control parameter governing the competition between deterministic and stochastic effects. Two asymptotic regimes are identified: when the control parameter is small (e.g. small noise), deviations from the deterministic case are well described by the Freidlin-Wentzell theory. In particular, escapes over the potential barrier are very rare events. When the parameter is large (e.g. large noise), such events become typical. Unlike pure noise-induced transitions, the distribution of the escape time is peaked around a value which is asymptotically predicted by an adiabatic approximation. We show that the two regimes are characterized by qualitatively different reacting trajectories, with algebraic and exponential divergence, respectively.
A Threat Model for Soft Privacy on Smart Cars
Creators: name: Raciti, Mario
name: Bella, Giampaolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern cars are getting so computerised that ENISA's phrase "smart cars" is a perfect fit. The amount of personal data that they process is very large and, yet, increasing. Hence, the need to address citizens' privacy while they drive and, correspondingly, the importance of privacy threat modelling (in support of a respective risk assessment, such as through a Data Protection Impact Assessment). This paper addresses privacy threats by advancing a general modelling methodology and by demonstrating it specifically on soft privacy, which ensures citizens' full control on their personal data. By considering all relevant threat agents, the paper applies the methodology to the specific automotive domain while keeping threats at the same level of detail as ENISA's. The main result beside the modelling methodology consists of both domain-independent and automotive domain-dependent soft privacy threats. While cybersecurity has been vastly threat-modelled so far, this paper extends the literature with a threat model for soft privacy on smart cars, producing 17 domain-independent threats that, associated with 41 domain-specific assets, shape a novel set of domain-dependent threats in automotive.
description: Accepted in 2nd Workshop on Automotive Cyber Security (ACSW 2023)
Fungicide potential of citronella and tea tree essential oils against tomato cultivation’s phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and analysis of their chemical composition by GC/MS
Creators: name: Peixoto, Priscilla Moreira Curtis
name: Júlio, Armanda Aparecida
name: de Jesus, Ester Gonçalves
name: Venancio, Aldino Neto
name: Parreira, Luciana Alves
name: Santos, Mario Ferreira Conceição
name: Menini, Luciano
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Tomato is one of the most produced and consumed fruits in the world. However, it is a crop that faces several phytosanitary problems, such as fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate citronella and melaleuca essential oils in vitro potential in the fungus F. oxysporum management. The chemical identification of the components in the essential oils was performed by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometer detectors. The IC50 and IC90 were determined by linear regression and the percentage of inhibition of the fungus by analysis of variance. The major compounds in citronella essential oil were citronellal, Geraniol, and citronellol; in melaleuca (tea tree) oil were terpinen-4-ol and α-terpinene. Both oils promoted more significant inhibition at concentrations of 1.5 and 2.5 μL/mL, besides not presenting significant differences with commercial fungicides, confirming the high potential for using this control method in agriculture.
Testing violation of the Leggett-Garg-type inequality in neutrino oscillations of the Daya Bay experiment
Creators: name: Fu, Qiang
name: Chen, Xurong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Leggett-Garg inequality (LGI), derived under the assumption of realism, acts as the temporal Bell's inequality. It is studied in electromagnetic and strong interaction like photonics, superconducting qu-bits and nuclear spin. Until the weak interaction two-state oscillations of neutrinos affirmed the violation of Leggett-Garg-type inequalities (LGtI). We make an empirical test for the deviation of experimental results with the classical limits by analyzing the survival probability data of reactor neutrinos at a distinct range of baseline dividing energies, as an analog to a single neutrino detected at different time. A study of the updated data of Daya-Bay experiment unambiguously depicts an obvious cluster of data over the classical bound of LGtI and shows a $6.1σ$ significance of the violation of them.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
RANS-PINN based Simulation Surrogates for Predicting Turbulent Flows
Creators: name: Ghosh, Shinjan
name: Chakraborty, Amit
name: Brikis, Georgia Olympia
name: Dey, Biswadip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) provide a framework to build surrogate models for dynamical systems governed by differential equations. During the learning process, PINNs incorporate a physics-based regularization term within the loss function to enhance generalization performance. Since simulating dynamics controlled by partial differential equations (PDEs) can be computationally expensive, PINNs have gained popularity in learning parametric surrogates for fluid flow problems governed by Navier-Stokes equations. In this work, we introduce RANS-PINN, a modified PINN framework, to predict flow fields (i.e., velocity and pressure) in high Reynolds number turbulent flow regimes. To account for the additional complexity introduced by turbulence, RANS-PINN employs a 2-equation eddy viscosity model based on a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) formulation. Furthermore, we adopt a novel training approach that ensures effective initialization and balance among the various components of the loss function. The effectiveness of the RANS-PINN framework is then demonstrated using a parametric PINN.
DECOR: Degree-Corrected Social Graph Refinement for Fake News Detection
Creators: name: Wu, Jiaying
name: Hooi, Bryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent efforts in fake news detection have witnessed a surge of interest in using graph neural networks (GNNs) to exploit rich social context. Existing studies generally leverage fixed graph structures, assuming that the graphs accurately represent the related social engagements. However, edge noise remains a critical challenge in real-world graphs, as training on suboptimal structures can severely limit the expressiveness of GNNs. Despite initial efforts in graph structure learning (GSL), prior works often leverage node features to update edge weights, resulting in heavy computational costs that hinder the methods' applicability to large-scale social graphs. In this work, we approach the fake news detection problem with a novel aspect of social graph refinement. We find that the degrees of news article nodes exhibit distinctive patterns, which are indicative of news veracity. Guided by this, we propose DECOR, a novel application of Degree-Corrected Stochastic Blockmodels to the fake news detection problem. Specifically, we encapsulate our empirical observations into a lightweight social graph refinement component that iteratively updates the edge weights via a learnable degree correction mask, which allows for joint optimization with a GNN-based detector. Extensive experiments on two real-world benchmarks validate the effectiveness and efficiency of DECOR.
description: Accepted to KDD 2023 (Research Track)
The variational slope of quasar light curves is not a distance indicator
Creators: name: Burke, Colin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When the time difference quotients, or variational slopes, of quasar light curves are plotted against their absolute magnitudes, there is a tight positive correlation of $\sim 0.16$ dex in the variational slope direction or $\sim 0.5$ dex in the absolute magnitude direction. This finding resulted in suggestions that a variational slope -- luminosity relation could be used as a distance indicator. However, I show that this relation can be explained almost entirely from self-correlation with luminosity. After properly accounting for the self-correlation component, the relation has a true scatter of $\sim 1.5$ dex in luminosity, consistent with established correlations for quasar variability amplitudes. Given this large scatter, correlation with variational slope or variability amplitude and luminosity is not by itself a suitable distance indicator for quasars.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in MNRAS; Correcting missing reference to match published version
Stochastic Exponentials and Logarithms on Stochastic Intervals -- A Survey
Creators: name: Larsson, Martin
name: Ruf, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Stochastic exponentials are defined for semimartingales on stochastic intervals, and stochastic logarithms are defined for semimartingales, up to the first time the semimartingale hits zero continuously. In the case of (nonnegative) local supermartingales, these two stochastic transformations are inverse to each other. The reciprocal of a stochastic exponential on a stochastic interval is again a stochastic exponential on a stochastic interval.
description: Addendum included. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1411.6229
The Spectacular Tidal Tails of Globular Cluster M3 (NGC 5272)
Creators: name: Yang, Yong
name: Zhao, Jing-Kun
name: Tang, Xin-Zhe
name: Ye, Xian-Hao
name: Zhao, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a detailed analysis on tidal tails of the globular cluster M3 (NGC 5272). We first discover clear extra-tidal structures with slight S-shape near the cluster. This inspires us to examine the existence of its long tidal tails. We highlight potential stream stars using proper motions (PMs) of a model stream combined with the cluster's locus in a color-magnitude diagram (CMD). A 35 deg long leading tail and a 21 deg long trailing tail are successfully detected at the same time. Their corresponding overdensities can be recognized in CMD and PM space after subtracting background. We estimate stream width, star number density and surface brightness for both tails, as well as the distance variation along the entire stream. We then verify the connection of M3 and the Svöl stream. Finally, we tabulate 11 member stars belonging to the M3 tidal stream with available spectroscopic observations.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Self-consistent determination of the many-body state of ultracold bosonic atoms in a one-dimensional harmonic trap
Creators: name: Marchukov, Oleksandr V.
name: Fischer, Uwe R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study zero-temperature quantum fluctuations in harmonically trapped one-dimensional interacting Bose gases, using the self-consistent multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method. We define $phase$ $fluctuations$ from the full single-particle density matrix by the spatial decay exponent of off-diagonal long-range order. In a regime of mesoscopic particle numbers and moderate contact couplings, we derive the spatial dependence of the amplitude of phase fluctuations, determined from the {\em self-consistently} derived shape of the field operator orbitals and Fock space orbital occupation amplitudes. It is shown that the phase fluctuations display a peak, which in turn corresponds to a dip of the first-order correlations in position space, akin to what has previously been obtained in the Tonks-Girardeau limit of very large interactions and low densities.
description: 13 pages of RevTex4-1, 10 figures
Polynomial Apodizers for Centrally Obscured Vortex Coronagraphs
Creators: name: Fogarty, Kevin
name: Pueyo, Laurent
name: Mazoyer, Johan
name: N'Diaye, Mamadou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several coronagraph designs have been proposed over the last two decades to directly image exoplanets. Among these designs, the vector vortex coronagraphs provide theoretically perfect starlight cancellation along with small inner working angles when deployed on telescopes with unobstructed pupils. However, current and planned space missions and ground-based extremely large telescopes present complex pupil geometries, including secondary mirror central obscurations, that prevent vortex coronagraphs from rejecting on-axis sources entirely. Recent solutions combining the vortex phase mask with a ring-apodized pupil have been proposed to circumvent this issue, but provide a limited throughput for vortex charges $>2$. We present a family of pupil plane apodizations that compensate for pupil geometries with circularly symmetric central obstructions caused by on-axis secondary mirrors for charge 2, 4, and 6 vector vortex coronagraphs. These apodizations are derived analytically and allow the vortex coronagraph to retain theoretically perfect nulling in the presence of central obscurations. For a charge 4 vortex, we design polynomial apodization functions assuming a greyscale apodizing filter that represent a substantial gain in throughput over the ring-apodized vortex coronagraph design, while for a charge 6 vortex, we design polynomial apodized vortex coronagraphs that have $\gtrsim 70\%$ total energy throughput for the entire range of central obscuration sizes studied. We propose methods for optimizing apodizations produced with either greyscale apodizing filters or shaped mirrors. We conclude by demonstrating how this design may be combined with apodizations numerically optimized for struts and segment gaps in telescope pupils to design terrestrial exoplanet imagers for complex pupils.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in AJ. Minor corrections and revisions to text