cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tobacco regulation of amyloidogenic diseases
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: According to the CDC, smoking causes nearly 6 million preventable deaths per year worldwide and 480,000 deaths per year in the United States. Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for cancer and cardiovascular diseases and leads to premature aging. Diseases where proteins aggregate into amyloid fibrils, such as Alzheimer’s disease and cardiac amyloidosis, occur with aging. In the most common form of cardiac-associated amyloidosis, known as AL amyloidosis, patients produce an antibody and a portion of that antibody, known as the light chain (LC), bundle into protein fibrils. Similar to amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease, these LC amyloid plaques deposit in the heart and cause a form of cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathies are frequently lethal heart diseases. In AL amyloidosis, the LC proteins are toxic to the heart. Our laboratory has explored the underlying mechanisms by which these aggregated LC are toxic. However, the mechanisms causing the LC proteins to aggregate in the body remain elusive. We believe that there are underlying triggers that induce LC proteins to aggregate. We hypothesized that exposure to tobacco smoke can be a strong risk factor to develop amyloid diseases, in particular cardiomyopathy, since the heart is one of the organs most affected by smoking. We propose to investigate this matter using our proven expertise in the cardiac amyloid disease field. We previously used rodent cardiac cells and zebrafish (a fish model widely used to study the heart) to investigate the mechanisms that lead to LC protein toxicity and cardiomyopathy. This will be the first step to understand whether smoking can trigger, predispose, or exacerbate LC-induced cardiomyopathy and amyloid diseases in general. We seek to bring awareness to patients or individuals at risk. Furthermore, we will bring attention for the first time to the risks of smoking for amyloid diseases which represent a huge burden for our society. Significantly, the CDC has defined the huge economic cost of smoking and second-hand smoke exposure in young adults. With the rising rate of young adult smokers, it is inevitable that the economic burden of smoking and medical costs will remain intertwined for decades. Therefore, understanding the risk associated with toxins such as those found in tobacco smoke for amyloidosis and cardiac diseases is particularly relevant and timely.
Myotis petax Hollister 1912
Creators: name: Jo, Yeong-Seok
name: Baccus, John T.
name: Koprowski, John L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Vespertilionidae
Myotis
Myotis petax

description: Myotis petax Hollister, 1912 —Eastern Water Bat
Myotis petax Hollister, 1912 p.6; Type locality- Altai district, Siberia, Russia.
M. daubentonii ussuriensis Ognev, 1927 p.146; Type locality- Vladivostok, Russia; Kishida & Mori, 1931 p.378; Kuroda, 1938 p.96; Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951 p.147; Won, 1958 p.454; Won, 1967 p.312; Won, 1968 p.84; Yoon, 1992 p.38; Yoon, 2010 p.40.
M. daubentonii: Tate, 1947 p.84; Won, 1968 p.84; Corbet, 1978 p.50; Han, 1994 p.45; Won & Smith, 1999 p.12; Son, 2001 p.96; Yoon, 2004 p.61; Yoon, 2010 p.40; Jo et al., 2012 p.251.
Range: Myotis petax is a common bat over the Korean Peninsula and Jeju Island (Yoon 2010; Fig. 26).
Remarks: Myotis daubentonii ussuriensis has been used to designate the Korean population (Yoon 2010). A combined approach based on molecular, morphological and ecological data identified two distinct species in M. daubentonii, 1) a western group (west of Omsk, Russia) Myotis daubentoniid, and 2) an eastern group (east of Omsk) M. petax, described by Hollister in 1912 from the Republic of Altai in the south of western Siberia (Kruskop 2004; Matveev et al. 2005). Mitochondrial (ND1 gene) analysis had M. petax clustered with M. ikonnikovi, M. mystacinus, and M. aurascens, whereas, M. daubentonii clustered with M. nattereri, M. bombinus, M. chinensis, M. schaubi, and M. escalerari (Datzmann et al. 2012). Combined mitochondrial cytochrome b and nuclear Rag 2 analyses together with craniodental morphology identified M. petax closer to M. macrodactylus and M. daubentonii closer to M. frater (Ruedi et al. 2013, 2015). Therefore, M. petax is the proper name for this species in Korea.
description: Published as part of Jo, Yeong-Seok, Baccus, John T. & Koprowski, John L., 2018, Mammals of Korea: a review of their taxonomy, distribution and conservation status, pp. 1-216 in Zootaxa 4522 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2610198
Robust optimization of electric power generation expansion planning considering uncertainty of climate change
Creators: name: Li, Shuya
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2014

description: This research is dedicated to the study of electric power system generation expansion planning considering uncertainty of climate change. Policymakers across the world are increasingly concerned about the effects of climate change and its impact on human systems when making decisions. Electric power Generation Expansion Planning (GEP) problems that determine the optimal expansion capacity and technology under particular technical constraints, given cost and policy assumptions are undoubtedly among those decisions. Now and in the future, climate change is and will be affecting new power plant investment decisions and the electricity generation system in more uncertain ways. The power system needs to be more reliable, cost-effective and environmentally friendly when exposed to higher temperature, less precipitation and more intense and frequent extreme events. However, incorporating the climate change effects into a GEP model has rarely been attempted before in the literature. The best approach to comprehensively model those uncertainties into electricity generation, and to optimize the generation planning under uncertainty needs be studied in a more specific way.    In this research, a preliminary GEP model is proposed with available input data from various resources. Discrete scenarios and robust optimization are adopted to specifically model uncertainty. Relationships between climate change and GEP parameters are defined and considered in each scenario. The preliminary GEP model is then solved under each scenario to identify the climate change impact on the generation expansion planning decision. Two robust optimization models are presented and solved to find the optimal results under uncertainty: Model 1 is expected total cost minimization and Model 2 is maximum regret minimization. Both models find a compromise solution that is good for all scenarios, which avoids the possible risk associated with a poor decision that is only optimal for one particular scenario. The results suggest recommendations for further power system uncertainty modeling and risk management.
Additional file 2: Figure S2. of Local estrogen axis in the human bone microenvironment regulates estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells
Creators: name: Amanatullah, Derek
name: Tamaresis, John
name: Chu, Pauline
name: Bachmann, Michael
name: Hoang, Nhat
name: Collyar, Deborah
name: Mayer, Aaron
name: West, Robert
name: Maloney, William
name: Contag, Christopher
name: King, Bonnie
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Relative breast cancer cell numbers during culture in bone tissue-conditioned vs. control media. BLI generated by three breast cancer cell lines (ER+ MCF-7, ER-/Her2+ SK-BR-3, and ER- MDA-MB-231) at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of culture in the presence of control medium (DMEM-10ûS) vs. bone tissue-conditioned media from THRs 133, 129, 147, 122, and 116. Culture in bone tissue-conditioned media led to reduced SK-BR-3, and increased MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell numbers. However, the ratio of cell numbers in the presence of conditioned vs. control media was greatest for MCF-7 cells. These patterns suggest that bone tissue-conditioned media preferentially promote ER+ vs. ER- breast cancer cell proliferation. For each data point, n = 3, with error bars representing standard deviation. (PDF 660 kb)
Every decision you make matters
Creators: name: Lin, Yu-Sheng
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2014

description: In the current study, I propose a reiterative dilemma-solving model to illustrate how social actors create the fate of social movements. The reiterative dilemma-solving model is built on three theoretic pillars: strategic dilemmas, strategic action fields, and path-dependency. In the reiterative dilemma-solving model, first, the problems that social actors encounter constitute strategic dilemmas, which means that there is no perfect solution for the problems. Every strategic choice has a trade-off. Second, the reiterative dilemma-solving model assumes that the social movement is a strategic field embedded in the broad field environment. The social movement’s identity establishes the local order in the movement and negotiates the relationship between the movement and the broad field environment. Third, the reiterative dilemma-solving model assumes the path-dependency of strategic choices: previous strategic choices constrain future strategic choices. Built on these three theoretical pillars, the reiterative dilemma-solving model provides a dynamic picture of the life course of social movements. Social actors strategically build movement identities, which facilitate the formation and operation of the social movement.  This identity work in turn creates the initial structural constraints that shape the movement’s future moves.  The trade-offs from these strategic choices reconfigure the initial structural constraints, which go on to shape future strategic choices. This process repeats throughout the life course of the social movement until its decline.  To demonstrate my argument, I analyze the development of three social movements in Taiwan: the blue camp’s post-election protest in 2004 (a partisan movement), the Reds in 2006 (a civic movement), and the Wild Strawberries in 2008 (a student movement).   Drawing on interviews and media reports, I show how the leaders’ strategic choices articulated and rearticulated the relationships among the participants and the relationships between the movements and their environments. The comparison of these cases can demonstrate that the fate of the social movement is not determined by structures, but constructed through a series of choices of social actors.
Aporinellus Banks 1912
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Schmid-Egger, Christian
name: Brothers, Denis J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Pompilidae
Aporinellus

description: Aporinellus sp.
Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula: Kuwait (Al-Houty 1989), Oman (Monks et al. 2019).
Remarks: This entry involves one or more species that may be the same as named species appearing above.
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Schmid-Egger, Christian & Brothers, Denis J., 2020, Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Vespoidea, Pompilidae, pp. 153-173 in Zootaxa 4754 (1) on page 160, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.16, http://zenodo.org/record/3719039
Myotis davidii
Creators: name: Jo, Yeong-Seok
name: Baccus, John T.
name: Koprowski, John L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Vespertilionidae
Myotis
Myotis davidii

description: Myotis davidii (Peters, 1869) —David’s Myotis
Ƒespertilio davidii Peters, 1869 p.402; Type locality- Hebei, China.
Myotis davidii: Tate, 1947 p.84 (Beijing, China).
M. aurascens: Tsytsulina et al., 2012 p.2 (Gangwon Province, Korea).
Range: The distribution of M. davidii presumably extends throughout Korea (Tsytsulina et al. 2012; Fig. 30). Although only two bats have been identified thus far as M. davidii in Yeongwol County, Gangwon Province, Korea, more discovery of M. davidii in Korea could occur due to specimens erroneously classified as M. brandtii because of morphological similarities between these two-cryptic species.
Remarks: Tsytsulina et al. (2012) subsumed M. aurascens in eastern Eurasia with samples from Korea previously identified as M. mystacinus (or M. sibiricus). However, Benda et al. (2012) considered M. aurascens from Korea as M. davidii, clustering together populations from Tuva, Russia and Kazakhstan (Benda et al. 2012).
description: Published as part of Jo, Yeong-Seok, Baccus, John T. & Koprowski, John L., 2018, Mammals of Korea: a review of their taxonomy, distribution and conservation status, pp. 1-216 in Zootaxa 4522 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2610198
Membrane rigidity in vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus species
Creators: name: Liu, Xiuqi
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2014

description: The Genus Bacillus contains Gram-positive, aerobic spore-forming bacteria. Some Bacillus species are a big concern for the food industry due to financial losses from spoilage. Relatively little is known about how their spore structures contribute to their physiological characteristics. As an important interface between the cytoplasm and the outer environment, membranes play vital roles in maintaining cell survival and growth. This study was undertaken to determine the membrane rigidity of vegetative cells and spores among Bacillus species. B. subtilis, B. cereus, B. anthracis Sterne, B. mycoides, B.  thuringiensis that were grown and harvested under the same conditions. 1, 6-diphenyl-1, 3, 5-hexatriene (DPH) was used as a fluorescent probe in the measurement of cell membrane rigidity. There were significant differences in the vegetative cell membrane rigidity among these five Bacillus species when they were grown on three different media (Luria Broth, Nutrient Broth and Luria Broth Noble Agar). There were also significant differences in the spore membrane rigidity among the three Bacillus Species. Significant differences also existed in the membrane rigidity between the vegetative cell membrane and the spore membrane for Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus anthracis Sterne. This represents the first report regarding spore membrane rigidity and its relationship to the rigidity of vegetative cell membranes among Bacillus species.
Large-scale analysis of tumor suppressors in lung cancer
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Lung cancer causes more deaths than the next top three cancers combined. In the United States alone, over 155,000 people die of lung cancer every year. Smoking causes about 90% of lung cancer cases and increases the chance that patients acquire oncogenic KRAS variants, a mutation that is very difficult to drug. Despite the progress in sequencing of patient genome, it is hard to distinguish the mutations that account for cancer progression (driver mutation) from those that have little effect (passengers). This causes difficulty in selecting drug targets, especially for treating KRAS-driven cancer. Because smoking increases mutation rate in lung cancer cells, there is a growing need to uncover the actual roles of mutated genes. Genetically engineered mouse models are fantastic systems to study gene function, but they are relatively expensive and inefficient. To overcome these limitations, my postdoctoral laboratory has developed a Tuba-seq platform to enable the assessment of large number of genes in vivo. Thus it is an economic way to study many genes in parallel.

 As a TRDRP Postdoctoral Fellow, I will employ this platform to study the in vivo function of 42 genes that are likely to suppress lung cancer growth in tumors that carry an oncogenic KRAS mutation. I will test whether loss of these genes drives lung cancer growth and whether they inhibit cancer cell expansion or prevent cancer cells from gaining additional mutations. I will also study how these genes cooperate with well-characterized tumor suppressors in mouse models and human lung cancer datasets. In parallel, I will analyze the changes in molecular and cellular states that result from loss of tumor suppressors in oncogenic KRAS-initiated lung tumors. This will identify pathways that may mediate the function of these genes. I will collaborate with clinical oncology experts to further explore the effector pathways in human datasets and patient samples that harbor mutations in those tumor suppressors. My proposal will uncover novel aspects of tumor suppressor gene function and identify cancer cell state changes that are driven by different tumor suppressor alterations. These results may ultimately lead to the development of new therapies that may have an impact on clinical care for lung cancer patients that suffer from oncogenic KRAS-driven lung cancer.
Nyctalus Bowditch 1825
Creators: name: Jo, Yeong-Seok
name: Baccus, John T.
name: Koprowski, John L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Vespertilionidae
Nyctalus

description: Genus Nyctalus Bowditch, 1825
Two species of Nyctalus (Tribe Pipistrellini, Subfamily Vespertilioninae) occur in Korea.
description: Published as part of Jo, Yeong-Seok, Baccus, John T. & Koprowski, John L., 2018, Mammals of Korea: a review of their taxonomy, distribution and conservation status, pp. 1-216 in Zootaxa 4522 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2610198
Scatopsciara Edwards 1927
Creators: name: Vilkamaa, Pekka
name: Menzel, Frank
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sciaridae
Scatopsciara

description: Scatopsciara Edwards, 1927
hoyti (Hardy, 1956) [Sc. atomaria group]—AUS
= spiculata Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig, 2012 in Vilkamaa et al. (2012b) —AUS
Species incertae sedis (unplaced species of Sciaridae)
morosa Meunier, 1904 [Sciara]—FOS
solita Walker, 1857 [Sciara]—ORI
description: Published as part of Vilkamaa, Pekka & Menzel, Frank, 2019, Re-classification of Lycoriella Frey sensu lato (Diptera, Sciaridae), with description of Trichocoelina gen. n. and twenty new species, pp. 1-67 in Zootaxa 4665 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4665.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4000553
Biotransformation of aniline, para-chloroaniline and pentachloronitrobenzene and  environmental implications
Creators: name: Li, Yun
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2014

description: This dissertation describes research on biotransformation of aniline and para-chloroaniline (PCA) under anoxic and anaerobic conditions in sediments and groundwater aquifer solids recovered from a chemical industrial site. Four locations were examined: lightly and highly contaminated freshwater canal sediments, and lightly and highly contaminated aquifer sediments. Aquifer and canal microcosms showed loss of aniline under nitrate-, Fe (III)- and sulfate-amended conditons, and under methanogenic conditions. Expected intermediates of aniline biotransformation were not detected. Only 5 to 10 percent of 14C was recovered as CO2 from 14C-labelled aniline during a mineralization test. Thus, definitive pathways of biodegradation were not determined for aniline.  PCA loss was observed in nitrate-amended microcosms.  Reductive dechlorination of PCA was observed in canal microcosms under methanogenic conditions and was concurrent with stoichiometric aniline production. Dechlorination was slow, and was only observed after increasing the PCA concentration to 1500 µM and adding the electron donor/hydrogen source, lactate.  PCA loss was not observed under methanogenic conditions in aquifer sediments. Combined with the observation of aniline loss in methanogenic microcosms, these results support the possibility for complete dechlorination of monochloroaniline to aniline and subsequent degradation of aniline in canal sediments.  The bacterial phylotypes present in nitrate-aniline-amended microcosms clustered with known aniline degraders (Delftia) and nitrate-reducers (Acidovorax and Variovorax). The dominant phylotype in the most active aniline-amended transfers had high similarity to Magnetospirillum, a genus that is capable of nitrate reduction and degradation of aromatic pollutants.  The phylotypes identified in PCA-dechlorinating microcosms included Dehalobacter, a dechlorinator that has been linked to dechlorination of chlorinated benzenes at the same site.  This work highlights the potential for anaerobic transformation of aniline and PCA at this industrial site and is one of only a few studies that have identified bacterial community members in sediments and enrichments that carry out these transformations.  More work is needed to conclusively identify the biological pathways responsible for the loss of aniline.  Finally, a mixed culture containing Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain 195 was tested for ability to transform pentachloronitrobenzene to chlorinated anilines.  The culture did not dechlorinate PCA. PCNB was abiotically transformed to pentachloroaniline, which was reductively dechlorinated to dichloroaniline.
Identification of oxidative products of pterostilbene and 3'-hydroxypterostilbene in vitro and evaluation of anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer cell proliferative activity
Creators: name: Liu, Boya
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2014

description: Pterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4ʹ-hydroxystilbene) is an important phenolic compound which is reported as a potential anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer agent. It is a natural compound and belongs to the group of phytoalexins, agents produced by plants to fight infections like chemicals and fungal. In nature, pterostilbene can be oxidized by peroxidase from fungus, and peroxidase also exists in human body. So it may undergo oxidative process in human as well. 3ʹ-hydroxypterostilbene is another natural phenolic compound and also is a metabolite of pterostilbene identified in mouse. The two adjacent hydroxyl groups in its molecule indicate that it may have a stronger bioactivity than pterostilbene.  To understand the possible oxidative reaction and major products in metabolic process, this research use peroxidase and phosphate-citrate buffer to simulate the peroxidation of pterostilbene and 3ʹ-hydroxypterostilbene in vitro. The major oxidative products were identified as pterostilbene trans dehydrodimer and 3ʹ-hydroxypterostilbene trans dehydrodimer by LC/MS and NMR.  The anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer cell proliferative activity of three compounds, pterostilbene, 3ʹ-hydroxypterostilbene, and pterostilbene trans dehydrodimer, was evaluated in this research. In anti-inflammatory evaluation, Griess assay was used to measure the nitric oxide production in RAW264.& cells which were treated with the three compounds at different concentration. In anti-cancer cell proliferative study, MTT assay was used to measure the cell viability of two cancer cell lines: drug-sensitive HL-60 leukemia cell line and drug-resistant MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell line. According to our data, 3ʹ-hydroxypterostilbene had a significant anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer cell proliferative activity.
Nyctalus furvus Imaizumi and Yoshiyuki 1968
Creators: name: Jo, Yeong-Seok
name: Baccus, John T.
name: Koprowski, John L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Vespertilionidae
Nyctalus
Nyctalus furvus

description: Nyctalus furvus Imaizumi and Yoshiyuki, 1968 —Japanese Noctule
Nyctalus furvus Imaizumi and Yoshiyuki, 1968 p.127; Type locality-Japan; Yoon, 2010 p.57.
Ƒespertilio noctula Temminck & Schlegel in Siebold, 1842 p.15.
N. noctula namiyei Kuroda, 1920 p.601.
Ƒ. aurijunctus Mori, 1928 p.477.
N. noctula montanus Kishida, 1934 p.26 (Nomen nudum).
N. noctula motoyoshii Kuroda, 1934b p.3 (Nomen novum); Kuroda, 1938 p.99; Won, 1958 p.456; Won, 1967 p.328; Won, 1968 p.108.
Ƒ. namiyei: Won, 1967 p.341.
N. noctula: Han, 1994 p.45; Son, 2001 p.117.
Range: Previous records of N. furvus clustered in northern Korea, but recent collections came mostly from central and southeastern Korea (Son 2001; Yoon 2010; Fig. 32).
Remarks: Nyctalus noctula motoyoshii is considered a synonym of Nyctalus furvus (Fukui 2009a). Formerly, two subspecies of N. noctula (motoyoshii and namiyei) were reported from Korea (Won 1967). Although Won (1967) considered N. n. namiyei as Vespertilio namiyei and Corbet (1978) changed N. n. motoyoshii to V. superans, both subspecies were regarded as synonyms of Vespertilio sinensis (Fukui 2009a, b). Recently, the taxon N. n. motoyoshii was transferred from V. sinensis to N. furvus (Fukui 2009a). Although previous records of N. n. motoyoshii in Korea were doubtful (no voucher specimen; Won 1968), N. furvus has appeared on the list of Korean bats since the first record (or re-discovery) in 1995 (Yoon 2009). Nyctalus n. namiyei is considered a synonym of Vespertilio sinensis.
Conservation status: Maeda and Sano (2008) regarded N. furvus as an endemic species in Japan and listed the species as ‘Vulnerable’ based on Japanese populations. As in Japan, only a few records of N. furvus have been reported in Korea.
description: Published as part of Jo, Yeong-Seok, Baccus, John T. & Koprowski, John L., 2018, Mammals of Korea: a review of their taxonomy, distribution and conservation status, pp. 1-216 in Zootaxa 4522 (1) on pages 52-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2610198
An assessment of consumer preference for direct-­to-consumer market outlets In the mid-­Atlantic region
Creators: name: Liu, Yu Tzu
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2014

description: Changes in the agricultural industry have led to changes in eating behavior, consumption patterns and even attitudes and perceptions of protecting the environment and local businesses.  New direct marketing methods allow farmers to overcome obstacles such as farm size, delivery logistics, limited marketing budget and labor constraints to achieve greater customer loyalty and enhanced income. Marketing channels, however, are incomplete, despite growing popularity in the 21st century.   Establishing the direct marketing grounds, this research aims to examine factors affecting users of farmer-to-consumer direct marketing outlets. It also identifies shopping trends while analyzing demographic characteristics of users of direct market outlets under study. Ultimately it helps to predict the likelihood of purchasing through direct markets and paying premiums based on significant consumer demographic and attitudinal factors.  Based on the survey results of 1,134 direct-market-outlet-visiting patrons from the Mid-Atlantic region, estimates of the Logit and Ordered Probit models are used to regress important perceptions, behavioral characteristic and demographic predictors that increase the likelihood of purchasing fresh produce at a direct market outlet. The findings help to explore patterns specifically on consumer purchasing behaviors that will promote the growth of direct market outlets. Focusing on the appropriate media channels and promoting the farmer-to-consumer shopping concepts, farmers have high potential to maintain and enhance profitability.
The Influence of Social Media on Adolescents' E-Cigarette Use
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: E-cigarette use in adolescence is associated with subsequent smoking initiation, especially among those who would otherwise be at low risk. As such, it is important to understand the social factors influencing teens' e-cigarette use. Social media (e.g., Facebook, Instagram) use may be influential because it provides rich information about peers' behavior, including e-cigarette use, and is nearly universal among adolescents. Exposure to e-cigarette ads increases young people's curiosity about e-cigarettes, intentions to use, and actual use. Social media content may have an even stronger influence because it shows peers' behavior. This study will be among the first to examine the effects of peer-generated social media content on adolescents' e-cigarette use and to explore their perceptions of social media content related to tobacco products. In Study 1, participants will view social media posts that were supposedly made by peers or by advertisers, and that are related or unrelated to e-cigarettes. Then, they will report their willingness to use e-cigarettes. Study 2 will use interviews with adolescent social media users to identify common themes in their experiences with social media content, and their perceptions of the effects social media has on their willingness to use e-cigarettes. Given the alarming associations between adolescent e-cigarette use and subsequent initiation of smoking, this project would provide timely data on a potentially important source of adolescents' exposure to e-cigarette content: social media. Conclusions from both studies will inform the development of social media messages aimed at preventing teen tobacco product use. The applicant's research program aims to understand and address the role of digital technology in adolescent and young adult nicotine and tobacco use. Her long-term career goal is to develop digital interventions to prevent adolescent and young adult tobacco product use, as an independent researcher.
Imaging, Genomics, and Glycoproteomics for Cancer Detection
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Non-technical overview of the research topic and relevance to breast cancer:

 Mammography is currently the best available screening tool for breast cancer early detection. However, limitations of mammography include relatively high false positive (abnormal mammogram with no cancer) and false negative (cancer missed by mammogram) rates. For example, mammography’s ability to detect breast cancer is limited in women with dense breast tissue. This study seeks to improve early detection of breast cancer by combining information traditional breast imaging information (mammography, ultrasound, and MRI), breast density measurements, genomic information about the tumor, and protein alterations in the blood.

 The question(s) or central hypotheses of the research:

 We hypothesize that there is a correlation among primary breast cancer imaging characteristics, (tumor) tissue gene expression, and corresponding serum (blood) protein levels, and that some proteins from compartments of the cells, molecules, and blood vessels surrounding the tumor are present in the blood at the earliest stages of breast cancer development. If successfully answered, the identified molecules have the potential to contribute to decreased mortality by creating a blood test for breast cancer early detection to accompany other screening modalities.

 The general methodology:

 For these studies, we will establish a Stanford tissue bank of matched needle core biopsy samples, information from imaging studies (mammography, MRI, and ultrasound), breast density measurements, and blood samples. We will generate profiles of genes expressed in tumor tissue and compare these profiles to genes expressed in normal tissue. We will measure levels of and characterize proteins in the blood from women with and without breast cancer. The imaging data, tumor gene expression data, breast density measurements, and blood protein data will be integrated to identify correlations between the imaging, tumor, and blood data.

 Innovative elements of the project:

 This dataset will represent the most comprehensive analysis of breast cancer imaging, breast density measurements, tumor gene expression, and matched protein plasma analysis to date, and will lead to a blood test that will complement existing radiographic screening tests. The molecular information from genomic and proteomic analysis will be combined with imaging information to ultimately lead to improved breast cancer detection and prognosis through the use of a blood test in conjunction with imaging.
Technologies for Augmented Reality Breast Surgery
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Non-technical overview of the research topic and relevance to breast cancer: Augmented Reality is a novel technology in which computer-generated virtual objects appear projected onto real objects in the world around us. Although primarily being developed for gaming and industrial design applications, Augmented Reality has great promise to improve medical care. One of the main challenges for breast cancer surgeons is to remove early stage breast cancers without leaving any residual tumor in the breast. MRI can reveal breast cancer accurately. The goal of this research is to develop Augmented Reality methods to accurately display MRI on the patient’s actual breast, in 3 dimensions, interactively right before surgery, to help surgeon plan a more successful operation.

 The question(s) or central hypotheses of the research: The central hypothesis of this research is that fusion of MRI with the actual breast will enable surgeons to avoid leaving residual non-palpable tumor behind during lumpectomy, and thus reduce the number of repeat surgeries prompted by incomplete resection, which currently occurs in about 25% of cases. The specific question considered in this proposal is: how accurately can previously acquired MRI data be aligned and depicted on the breast using augmented reality..

 The general methodology: We propose two areas of research: technology development, and clinical testing. The objective of the technology development is to create an accurate, robust system for projecting the location, extent, and appearance of breast cancer and its surrounding tissues onto the patient’s actual breast. This will entail developing new methods to make MRI pictures of the breast when the patient is lying “supine”, on her back. It will also require methods to align those images to views of the actual breast being presented by the Augmented Reality device. The objective of the Clinical Testing is to see how accurately the system is showing the location and extent of breast cancer in the breast. Since this is the first test of the system in women with breast cancer, it will be done in women who don’t need it, specifically women with tumors that can be easily felt and removed by the surgeon without any images. This will pave the way for future tests in larger groups of cancer patients to see if it can reduce the number of repeat surgeries that are done because of concern for tumor left behind in the breast. .

 Innovative elements of the project and potential impact: Supine MRI would improve the use of MRI for surgical planning and provide a more comfortable option for women getting breast MRI’s The Augmented Reality display of MRI on the actual breast is entirely novel If it is successful in enabling more surgeries that don’t leave residual tumor, then it could eliminate thousands of repeat surgeries in the US annually.
Molecular classification of early breast neoplasia
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Early breast lesions that precede cancer (such as atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) andcolumnar cell lesions) represent a dilemma in clinical management. They are important for three reasons. First, these early lesions are often the only lesions discovered on a screening biopsy and it is unclear at the moment how to manage these patients. Second, these early lesions may contain the critical mutations that promote cancer which are likely not yet obscured by the tremendous genomic alterations that typically occurs in the clinically apparent cancers. Third, an understanding of these early lesions may lead to insights into the etiology of breastcancer. An understanding of these lesions may lead to novel interventions, fewer misdiagnoses, and improved patient outcomes. However, these breast abnormalities have not been analyzed well on a genomic (DNA or RNA level).

 We have developed a technologic breakthrough that allows us to analyze the gene expression patterns of small, formalin-fixed tissue. We use “next generation sequencing”, a technique that allows for the simultaneous sequencing of millions of small fragments of DNA, to analyze (count) RNA and thereby measure gene expression for all approximately 20,000 genes in the human genome. Specifically, we designed a novel RNA-seq protocol, 3SEQ, to specifically expression profile poly A+RNA extracted from archival tissue, which does not generally lend itself to microarray analyses, since the RNA is hydrolyzed into small fragments. Unlike standard microarray technology, this method works very well in archived patient samples generated by clinical pathology laboratories, which provide the only source for obtaining these lesions. Thus,we can now for the first time profile these lesion-associated tissues, make comparisons to patient-matched normal breast tissue, and the breast cancer tumors that sometimes develop from early lesions.

 The results of these studies are expected to provide novel and important information regarding the classification and biology of early breast neoplasias and the progression to carcinoma. Gene expression profiling studies have suggested that the events for metastasis occur early in the carcinoma and can be predicted by studying early stage cancers. We anticipate that we will identify deregulation of initiating and possibly causal pathways, and new cell types or activation states important to progression. This will allow for the identification of expression patterns that predict progression and gene pathways that could be targeted to prevent progression. The expression data set generated will be made publicly available and provide a rich public resource for future studies.
The evolution of life history traits in Iceland, 1650-1950
Creators: name: Lynch, Robert Francis
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2014

description: I analyzed heritability of lifespan and fertility over 300 years of Icelandic history, using computer simulations, a genealogical database called Íslendingabók (the book of Icelanders), and genetic data –single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP’s)-from modern populations.   There was no evidence that either lifespan or reproduction is heritable.  There was, however, substantial evidence that parental investment (PI) has enhanced both the survival and reproduction of the people of Iceland.  There was also strong evidence of a quantity-quality tradeoff for reproduction and lifespan; each additional child conceived by parents substantially reduced the lifespan and reproduction of all current and future offspring.       I also searched for evidence of sexual antagonism (SA) in the Icelandic database.  SA occurs when the reproductive interests of males and females conflict. Whenever variance in reproductive success is different between the sexes, each sex will have different and often conflicting strategies. Genes that benefit one sex are transmitted to opposite sex offspring (e.g. mothers to sons) which then have deleterious effects (Andersson, 1994).   There was some suggestive, although not statistically significant, evidence of SA effects in Iceland (see chapter 3).  Post-hoc testcrosses between high lifetime reproductive success (LRS) males and low lifetime reproductive success (LRS) females produced more grandchildren through their sons than through their daughters.  Post-hoc testcrosses between high LRS females and low LRS males in contrast produced more grandchildren through their daughters than through their sons. Although statistically insignificant, these data did produce effects hypothesized by sexual conflict theory in both directions.          Finally, I searched for evidence of reproductive advantages to sex biased parental investment (Trivers-Willard) in two separate databases.  In one publicly available, on-line genealogy from the United States, there was significant evidence suggesting that sons from large families have more children than daughters from large families. Also, daughters from small families are more likely to have more children than sons from small families. In Íslendingabók, however, there was no evidence that biasing the sex ratio based on family size would confer any advantage to its practitioners.  The discrepancy in these results suggests that Trivers-Willard effects may depend on yet to be determined environmental, social, or cultural variables.
Vespertilio Linnaeus 1758
Creators: name: Jo, Yeong-Seok
name: Baccus, John T.
name: Koprowski, John L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Vespertilionidae
Vespertilio

description: Genus Vespertilio Linnaeus, 1758
The two species of Vespertilio occur in Korea (Simmons 2005). With Hypsugo, Vespertilio represents the tribe Vespertilionini in the subfamily Vespertilionae.
description: Published as part of Jo, Yeong-Seok, Baccus, John T. & Koprowski, John L., 2018, Mammals of Korea: a review of their taxonomy, distribution and conservation status, pp. 1-216 in Zootaxa 4522 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2610198
Going green
Creators: name: Lorenzen, Janet Ann
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2014

description: My dissertation looks at the conditions under which people voluntarily reduce their consumption of goods, energy, and water. My research draws on 45 in-depth semi-structured interviews and participant observation with three groups who restrict their consumption in various ways: (1) voluntary simplifiers, members of a loosely organized social movement centered on addressing environmental harms by buying less and reducing waste; (2) religious environmentalists, individuals embedded in religious communities who consider environmental concerns a religious calling; and (3) green home owners, individuals who remodel or build their homes in such a way as to use resources efficiently, and reduce unfavorable impacts to the environment. I employ a comparative approach in order to describe the diverse experiences of reducing consumption and to generate new theory by analyzing the similarities and differences between groups. My work explains the gradual process of transitioning to a green lifestyle, the way green technology is integrated into everyday life, the strategy and tactics employed by informants to recruit people to change their lifestyles, the relationship between lifestyle change and other forms of political participation, and the way social connections and gift giving make reducing consumption more difficult. I adopt a pragmatist perspective to understand lifestyle change as a deliberate process undertaken in response to a problem left under-addressed by current policies and practices. Green practices are not isolated decisions or actions, but components in an ongoing project. As a result, green lifestyles are often experienced as both a work-in-progress and a provisionally coherent life narrative. I also use a mutual shaping (of technology and society) perspective to go beyond a focus on production and design, and highlight instead the importance of technology use and the way social practices enable the green-ing of technology. I find that contrary to theoretical claims about the individualization of responsibility, lifestyle change is a companion strategy that does not create a tradeoff with other forms of collective action or support for government regulation. Instead, green lifestyles address climate change both directly through household changes (to a small degree) and indirectly by supporting environmental activism.
Deciphering p53 Transcriptional Programs in Lung Cancer Suppression
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Cancer is caused when important genes involved in regulating cell division are mutated or altered. Alterations in genes known as “tumor suppressor genes”, which normally act like brakes to cell division, are commonly implicated in cancer. One such tumor suppressor gene, p53, is frequently inactivated in lung cancers (~50% of cases), reflecting the fact that it normally imposes a critical brake on lung cancer development. p53 is known to act by promoting the production of other proteins in the cell, although those proteins most essential for mediating p53's effects in tumor suppression have remained enigmatic. In this proposal, we will use mouse lung cancer models to understand how p53 works as a lung cancer suppressor, with the goal of using that information to better devise therapies that might help inhibit lung cancer growth. Using novel and innovative genetic screening approaches, we previously identified proteins that p53 works through to suppress cancer in a cell model system, suggesting these are crucial proteins for suppressing cancer. Here, we propose to analyze these potential critical tumor suppressors in lung cancer mouse models, to comprehensively define the proteins through which p53 suppresses lung cancer in an organism. Upon identifying any key tumor suppressors in the mouse lung models, we will examine the importance of these genes in human lung cancer development. Identifying essential players for mediating p53 function in suppressing lung cancer development is fundamental for designing better therapeutic approaches for treating human lung cancer.