cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Linear Problems (with Extended Range) Have Linear Optimal Algorithms
Creators: name: Packel, Edward W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer science

description: Abstract. Let F1 and F2 be normed linear spaces and S: F0→F2 a linear operator on a balanced subset F0 of F2. If N denotes a finite dimensional linear information operator on F0, it is known that there need not be a linear algorithm φ:N(F0)→F2 which is optimal in the sense that ||φ:(N(f))-S(f)|| is minimized. We show that the linear problem defined by S and N can be regarded as having a linear optimal algorithm if we allow the range of φ to be extended in a natural way. The result depends upon imbedding F2 isometrically in the space of continuous functions on a compact Hausdorff space X. This is done by making use of a consequence of the classical Banach-Alaoglu theorem.
Going Global: Transition from Plan to Market in the World Economy
Creators: name: Desai, Padma B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Economics

description: This essay analyzes the continuing integration of several transition economies of Europe, the former Soviet Union (FSU) and Asia into the world trading and financial system in the period 1990-95. Suitable norms are developed in the essay for comparing and ranking the integration record of the countries and for addressing the critical issue of the transition debate, i.e. whether speedier reform has facilitated their faster entry into the world economy. Among the countries included for the comparative performance are Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland in Central and East Europe; Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in Northern Europe; Russia, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan among the post-Soviet states; and China, Vietnam and India in Asia. Given the small sample, the conclusions are tentative but nevertheless interesting. Reform speed, as defined in the essay, appears to be significantly correlated with the GDP growth rate, with the emergence of a liberalized foreign exchange and trade regime by the end of the period studies, and also with positive globalization outcomes such as increased direct foreign investment flows (measured as their contribution to gross fixed investment when the period examined ends). It also correlates well with declining inflation rate over the period but somewhat poorly with the decline of inflation from its peak to the next year in the "shock therapy" mode. Speedy reform thus seems desirable, for its general economic results as for globalization. However, this conclusion must be tempered by the fact that speedy reform seems to be associated negatively with the unemployment rate, so that we may well be facing a short-run tradeoff between growth and globalization on the one hand, and unemployment, on the other. In practice, these short-run tradeoffs could mean that speedy reform may not be politically sustainable.
Learning Control of Production Systems
Creators: name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1979
Subjects: Computer science
Artificial intelligence

description: One of the central problems in Artificial Intelligence is that of designing appropriate and efficient mechanisms for representing and learning real-world knowledge. We show that it is feasible to infer the control information from an analysis of traces of the successful executions of the production system program provided by a human trainer, thereby creating a system capable of improving its performance by experience.
The Global Electroweak Fit and its Implication to Z-prime
Creators: name: Zhang, Ying
name: Jiang, Shao-Zhou
name: Wang, Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among the $Z$-pole observables, $A_{FB}^{(0,b)}$ and $A_e$ suffer moderately-large standard deviations from the Standard Model predictions. Fine-tuning of the unknown Higgs mass only reduces the deviation of one of them at the expense of increasing the deviation of the other observable. If we take this fact seriously, the result can be interpreted as independent experimental evidence of existing new physics beyond SM, even if a 125GeV Higgs on the LHC is finally confirmed to be SM Higgs. We show in this paper that the existence of a $Z'$ boson mixing with $Z$ and $γ$ and with generation-dependent anomaly-free charge assignments, helps to suppress $A_{FB}^{(0,b)}$ and $A_e$ at $Z$-pole simultaneously and dose reduce the largest deviation from $2.7σ$ in SM predictions to $1.2σ$ in our scenario. The global electroweak fit does not prefer $Z'$ coupling to the second-generation quarks and the first-generation left-handed lepton and right-handed electron. The fitting result also supports a negative contribution to the $S$ parameter from the $Z'$ boson.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure and 1 table
What Is the Complexity of Related Elliptic, Parabolic, and Hyperbolic Problems?
Creators: name: Werschulz, Arthur G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: Computer science
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Train and Wo ́zniakowski have dealt with the complexity of some simple partial differential equations. They chose three model problems and showed that the parabolic problem considered had significantly lower complexity than the elliptic problem, which in turn had significantly lower complexity than the hyperbolic problem considered. They asked whether this is true in general. We show that this is not the case by proving that if L is a reasonably well-behaved elliptic operator, then the steady-state heat equation Lu = f, the heat equation ∂tu + Lu = f, and the wave equation ∂ttu + Lu = f all have roughly the same worst-case complexity for f in the unit ball of a certain Sobolev space of smoothness r.
QoSME: QoS Management Environment
Creators: name: Florissi, Patrícia Gomes Soares
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Computer science

description: Distributed multimedia applications are sensitive to the Quality of Service (QoS) delivered by underlying communication networks. For example, a video conference exchange can be very sensitive to the effective network throughput. Network jitter can greatly disrupt a speech stream. The main question this thesis addresses is how to adapt multimedia applications to the QoS delivered by the network and vice versa. Such adaptation is especially important because current networks are unable to assure the QoS required by applications and the latter is usually unprepared for periods of QoS degradation. This work introduces the QoS Management Environment (QoSME) that provides mechanisms for such adaptation. The main contributions of this thesis are: Language level abstractions for QoS management. The Quality Assurance Language (QuAL) in QoSME enables the specification of how to allocate, monitor, analyze, and adapt to delivered QoS. Applications can express in QuAL their QoS needs and how to handle potential violations. Automatic QoS monitoring. QoSME automatically generates the instrumentation to monitor QoS when applications use QuAL constructs. The QoSME runtime scrutinizes interactions among applications, transport protocols, and Operating Systems (OS) and collects in QoS Management Information Bases (MIBs) statistics on the QoS delivered. Integration of QoS and standard network management. A Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent embedded in QoSME provides QoS MIB access to SNMP managers. The latter can use this feature to monitor end-to-end QoS delivery and adapt network resource allocation and operations accordingly. A partial prototype of QoSME has been released for public access. It runs on SunOS 4.3 and Solaris 2.3 and supports communication on ATM adaptation layer, ST-II, UDP/IP, TCP/IP, and Unix internal protocols.
Additional file 1 of A qualitative investigation into the results of a discrete choice experiment and the impact of COVID-19 on patient preferences for virtual consultations
Creators: name: Gilbert, Anthony W.
name: May, Carl R.
name: Brown, Hazel
name: Stokes, Maria
name: Jones, Jeremy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. .
Optimizing Continued Fraction Expansion Based IIR Realization of Fractional Order Differ-Integrators with Genetic Algorithm
Creators: name: Das, Saptarshi
name: Majumder, Basudev
name: Pakhira, Anindya
name: Pan, Indranil
name: Das, Shantanu
name: Gupta, Amitava
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Rational approximation of fractional order (FO) differ-integrators via Continued Fraction Expansion (CFE) is a well known technique. In this paper, the nominal structures of various generating functions are optimized using Genetic Algorithm (GA) to minimize the deviation in magnitude and phase response between the original FO element and the rationalized discrete time filter in Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) structure. The optimized filter based realizations show better approximation of the FO elements in comparison with the existing methods and is demonstrated by the frequency response of the IIR filters.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures
Signatures of spin blockade in the optical response of a charged quantum dot
Creators: name: Kavousanaki, E. G.
name: Burkard, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model spin blockade for optically excited electrons and holes in a charged semiconductor quantum dot. We study the case where the quantum dot is initially charged with a single electron and is then filled with an additional, optically excited electron-hole pair, thus forming a charged exciton (trion). To make contact with recent experiments, we model an optical pump-probe setup, in which the two lowest quantum dot levels (s and p shells) are photo excited. Using the Lindblad master equation, we calculate the differential transmission spectrum as a function of the pump-probe time delay. Taking into account both spin conserving and spin-flip intraband relaxation processes, we find that the presence of the ground-state electron spin leads to an optical spin blockade at short delay times which is visible as a crossover between two exponential decays of the differential transmission. To make predictions for future experiments, we also study the dependence of the spin-blockade on an external magnetic field.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Behind the Legend: A Historical Archaeology of the Buffalo Shooting industry, 1875-1958
Creators: name: Feakins, Charlotte
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2020

description: The buffalo hide industry was prevalent in the Northern Territory from the late nineteenth century to mid-twentieth century. It involved Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women and men working collectively for white male shooters to exploit feral water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) primarily for their thick hides. The work was dangerous and labour-intensive and required great skill and courage. Over the nearly eighty years that the industry operated, unique cross-cultural relationships developed between the diverse groups involved and lives became intimately entangled. Aboriginal people dominated the workforce, typically constituting around 90%, and often excelled in both experience and ability. As a result, the success of the industry was contingent on the labour of Aboriginal women and men and without their involvement, the industry would have been economically unviable. Yet, in popular accounts, only the white shooters are heroicised. Their legend entangles in national imagining, obfuscates the valuable role of Aboriginal women and men and influences the memory of the industry and its heritage in the present. This multi-scalar and inter-disciplinary study, combining historical archaeology and folkloristics, 'excavates' the memory of the buffalo shooting industry across a cultural continuum whilst providing historical reinterpretation of this unique industry.
Technological superiority and the losses from migration
Creators: name: Davis, Donald R.
name: Weinstein, David E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Two facts motivate this study. (1) The United States is the world's most productive economy. (2) The US is the destination for a broad range of net factor inflows: unskilled labor, skilled labor, and capital. Indeed, these two facts may be strongly related: All factors seek to enter the US because of the US technological superiority. The literature on international factor flows rarely links these two phenomena, instead considering one-at-atime analyses that stress issues of relative factor abundance. This is unfortunate, since the welfare calculations differ markedly. In a simple Ricardian framework, a country that experiences immigration of factors motivated by technological differences always loses from this migration relative to a free trade baseline, while the other country gains. We provide simple calculations suggesting that the magnitude of the losses for US natives may be quite large- $72 billion dollars per year or 0.8 percent of GDP.
Muscular Fatigue Influences Motor Synergies During Push-ups
Creators: name: Bell, Elizabeth M
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biomechanics
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Kinetics
subject: Synergy

description: This research used the push-up as an experimental paradigm for the study of adaptations in motor synergies throughout the challenge of muscular fatigue. Fatigue was expected to lead to greater synchronization of power production (greater motor synergy) by the Central Nervous System (CNS). Greater between and within-limb synergies would be necessary to overcome the reduced force production of fatigued muscles. Different changes in joint power synergies were expected for eccentric and concentric phases due to muscle properties and direction of gravity. Eleven subjects performed push-ups repetitions to self-selected failure. Subjects initially performed push-ups using positive between and within-limb joint power synergies, however synergies reduced throughout reps. Congruent with hypotheses, between and within-limb synergy reduced at a lesser rate throughout eccentric movements. The strategy used relied on bilateral elbow and shoulder joint production. The CNS was not able to adapt control strategies, but instead the dominant strategy was affected throughout fatigue.
Remarks on a Chern-Simons-like coupling
Creators: name: Gaete, Patricio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the static quantum potential for a gauge theory which includes a light massive vector field interacting with the familiar $U(1)_{QED}$ photon via a Chern-Simons- like coupling, by using the gauge-invariant, but path-dependent, variables formalism. An exactly screening phase is then obtained, which displays a marked departure of a qualitative nature from massive axionic electrodynamics. The above static potential profile is similar to that encountered in axionic electrodynamics consisting of a massless axion-like field, as well as to that encountered in the coupling between the familiar $U(1)_{QED}$ photon and a second massive gauge field living in the so-called $U(1)_h$ hidden-sector, inside a superconducting box.
description: 6 pages. To appear in Mod. Phys. Lett. A
The role of imprinted genes in mouse models of IUGR
Creators: name: Lee, Kang Yun Connie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Each year in Canada, 5% of ongoing pregnancies are affected by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a condition diagnosed when a baby's birth weight is less than the bottom 5th percentile. Placental dysfunction is thought to be the main contributor to IUGR and many genetic aberrations can lead to problems in the placenta. The epigenetic phenomenon, genomic imprinting, has evolved with placentation and gene knockout studies of several imprinted genes in the mouse result in IUGR. The main goal of this thesis is to examine how gene expression of all imprinted genes is affected in mouse models of IUGR (Mmp2-/-, Mest+/- and Surgical). The first step is to find suitable IUGR mouse models by comparing the embryonic weights of potential models to normal mouse embryos. Next, I assessed gene expression using genome-wide assays and looked at how expression of imprinted genes is altered in the IUGR mouse model. Amongst the three models, only the surgical model was identified as having IUGR and RNA samples from this model were used in genome-wide expression assays. We found 68 candidate IUGR genes, 42 genes had a 2-fold difference in IUGR embryos or placentae, with 26 genes altered in both tissue. Genes that function in the transport of substances are the most altered in both tissue. The genes that are involved in the development of anatomical structures were affected more in the IUGR embryos whilst stress response genes were more affected in the IUGR placentae. For imprinted genes, only 4 genes in the embryo (H19, Igf2, Slc38a4, and Dlk1) and 6 genes in the placenta (Slc38a4, Sfmbt2, Slc22a3, Phlda2, Cdkn1c, and Dlk1) exhibited significant difference in gene expression between wild-type and IUGR. The majority of these imprinted candidates have been linked to IUGR in either mouse and/or human studies. Overall, imprinted genes as a whole are not more affected in IUGR samples than would be expected by chance based on the chi-square test. These results illustrate that though individual imprinted genes may be important regulator of IUGR, genes regulated by genomic imprinting as a whole are not more affected in this pregnancy complication.
Complete classification of stationary flows with constant total pressure of ideal incompressible infinitely conducting fluid
Creators: name: Golovin, S. V.
name: Krutikov, M. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exhaustive classification of stationary incompressible flows with constant total pressure of ideal infinitely electrically conducting fluid is given. By introduction of curvilinear coordinates based on streamlines and magnetic lines of the flow the system of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations is reduced to a nonlinear vector wave equation extended by the incompressibility condition in a form of a generalized Cauchy integral. For flows with constant total pressure the wave equation is explicitly integrated, whereas the incompressibility condition is reduced to a scalar equation for functions, depending on different sets of variables. The central difficulty of the investigation is the separation of variables in the scalar equation, and integration of the resulting overdetermined systems of nonlinear partially differential equations. The canonical representatives of all possible types of solutions together with equivalence transformations, that extend the canonical set to the whole amount of solutions are represented.
An O(EV log V) Algorithm for Finding a Maximal Weighted Matching in General Graphs
Creators: name: Galil, Zvi
name: Micali, Silvio
name: Gabow, Harold
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer science

description: We define two generalized types of a priority queue by allowing some forms of changing the priorities of the elements in the queue. We show that they can be implemented efficiently. Consequently, each operation takes O (log n) time. We use these generalized priority queues to construct an O (EV log V) algorithm for finding a maximal weighted matching in general graphs.
Spectroscopic Constraints on the Form of the Stellar Cluster Mass Function
Creators: name: Bastian, N.
name: Konstantopoulos, I. S.
name: Trancho, G.
name: Weisz, D. R.
name: Larsen, S. S.
name: Fouesneau, M.
name: Kaschinski, C. B.
name: Gieles, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This contribution addresses the question of whether the initial cluster mass function (ICMF) has a fundamental limit (or truncation) at high masses. The shape of the ICMF at high masses can be studied using the most massive young (<10 Myr) clusters, however this has proven difficult due to low-number statistics. In this contribution we use an alternative method based on the luminosities of the brightest clusters, combined with their ages. If a truncation is present, a generic prediction (nearly independent of the cluster disruption law adopted) is that the median age of bright clusters should be younger than that of fainter clusters. In the case of an non-truncated ICMF, the median age should be independent of cluster luminosity. Here, we present optical spectroscopy of twelve young stellar clusters in the face-on spiral galaxy NGC 2997. The spectra are used to estimate the age of each cluster, and the brightness of the clusters is taken from the literature. The observations are compared with the model expectations of Larsen (2009) for various ICMF forms and both mass dependent and mass independent cluster disruption. While there exists some degeneracy between the truncation mass and the amount of mass independent disruption, the observations favour a truncated ICMF. For low or modest amounts of mass independent disruption, a truncation mass of 5-6*10^5 Msun is estimated, consistent with previous determinations. Additionally, we investigate possible truncations in the ICMF in the spiral galaxy M83, the interacting Antennae galaxies, and the collection of spiral and dwarf galaxies present in Larsen (2009) based on photometric catalogues taken from the literature, and find that all catalogues are consistent with having a (environmentally dependent) truncation in the cluster mass functions.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, in press, A&A Research Notes
Displacement: Placemaking for the Uprooted
Creators: name: Khan, Dur-E-Nayab
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: architecture
subject: displacement
subject: dwelling
subject: home
subject: migration

description: Increasing migration to cities in developed countries is an inevitable part of present day’s globalizing society. For those migrating, the process is often a byproduct of war or absence of opportunities in migrants’ native homelands. It is a privilege, a manner of freedom, and a chance at a higher quality of life. As waves of migrants enter foreign countries, various problems arise, exacerbated by rising impressions of detachment from the loss of everything native. Migrants also experience feelings of displacement both physical and psychological. This thesis analyzes how architecture can mediate the process of assimilation into a new geography by creating a sense of place. The argument will assert that idiosyncrasies within the population are catalysts for an enlightened culture. This thesis does not intend to solve the problem of migration, but rather open a conversation about belonging, memory, and hybridity as it applies to the migrant and the built environment. Currently, there is a lack of architectural precedent successfully accommodating migrating populations. To fill this gap, this thesis will propose both a dwelling and a gallery to raise awareness, memorialize the remaining fragments of homelands and construe immigrants’ feelings of deracination to evoke a sense of empathy. The proposal will be situated in Washington D.C. so that it may serve as a model for creating similar forums in this age of mass migration.
Double Exponential Instability of Triangular Arbitrage Systems
Creators: name: Cross, Rod
name: Kozyakin, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Trading and Market Microstructure (q-fin.TR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 91B26, 91B54, 91B64, 15A60

description: If financial markets displayed the informational efficiency postulated in the efficient markets hypothesis (EMH), arbitrage operations would be self-extinguishing. The present paper considers arbitrage sequences in foreign exchange (FX) markets, in which trading platforms and information are fragmented. In Kozyakin et al. (2010) and Cross et al. (2012) it was shown that sequences of triangular arbitrage operations in FX markets containing 4 currencies and trader-arbitrageurs tend to display periodicity or grow exponentially rather than being self-extinguishing. This paper extends the analysis to 5 or higher-order currency worlds. The key findings are that in a 5-currency world arbitrage sequences may also follow an exponential law as well as display periodicity, but that in higher-order currency worlds a double exponential law may additionally apply. There is an "inheritance of instability" in the higher-order currency worlds. Profitable arbitrage operations are thus endemic rather that displaying the self-extinguishing properties implied by the EMH.
description: 22 pages, 22 bibliography references, expanded Introduction and Conclusion, added bibliohraphy references
Temperature-dependent Ginzburg-Landau parameter
Creators: name: Mineev, V. P.
name: Michal, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Taking into account both the orbital and the paramagnetic depairing effects we derive a simple analytic formula for the temperature dependence of the Ginzburg-Landau parameter valid in vicinity of field dependent critical temperature in a type-II superconductor.
description: 3 pages, no figures
β-trees, γ-systems, and a Theorem on F-heaps
Creators: name: Galil, Zvi
name: Spencer, Thomas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer science

description: Recent progress in the design or efficient data structures has been remarkable. This progress is documented in the new book by Tarjan [9]. Even operations manipulating trees can be implemented in amortized time O(log n); i.e. time O(m log n) for m operations. (See [9 Chapter 5]). Recently, attempts have been made to develop data structures that implement some sets of operations in (amortized) time o(log n) or even 0(1) time. Sometimes this is only possible when the number of operations (m) is large enough.
||PSL: A Parallel Lisp for the DADO Machine
Creators: name: Biema, Michael Van
name: Lerner, Mark D.
name: Maguire, Gerald Q.
name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer science

description: We describe a system level programming language and integrated environment for programming development on the DADO parallel computer. In addition a set of language constructs augmenting LISP for programming parallel computation on tree structured parallel machine are defined. We discuss the architecture or the DADO machine and present several examples to illustrate the language. In particular we describe how the language provides an integrated approach to the problem or parallel software design. Parallel algorithms may be designed analyzed on a sequential machine under simulation and then simply recompiled to run on a parallel machine. In concluding sections we outline the implementation using the Portable Standard LISP Compiler.
title: Die Ukraine auf dem Weg zur Europäischen Integration
Creators: name: Gnatenko, Oksana
Year: 2023

description: Der Einmarsch Russlands in die Ukraine (24. Februar 2022) und die Verleihung des EU-Kandidatenstatus an die Ukraine (23. Juni 2022) haben in der breiten Öffentlichkeit ein reges Interesse an den kontroversen Prozessen der Gestaltung des außenpolitischen Kurses der Ukraine, dem Platz der Ukraine im Kreis der europäischen Staaten, den Positionen der EU-Mitgliedstaaten zu den europäischen Integrationsbestrebungen der Ukraine und den Aussichten der Ukrainer auf eine Aufnahme in die vereinte Familie der europäischen Nationen geweckt. Die europäische Integration, die als strategische Richtung der ukrainischen Entwicklung erklärt wurde, ist nicht nur ein außenwirtschaftlicher Vektor, sondern auch ein Wertmaßstab für die gesamte ukrainische Gesellschaft. Heute wird die Integration der Ukraine in die EU von allen Regierungsstrukturen und der großen Mehrheit der ukrainischen Bevölkerung unterstützt. Diese strategische Ausrichtung der ukrainischen Entwicklung stößt jedoch auf viele Schwierigkeiten, unter anderem auf die ukrainische Euroskepsis. In dieser Masterarbeit werden die Beziehungen zwischen der Ukraine und der Europäischen Union systematisch analysiert, wobei der Faktor des Euroskeptizismus auf sozialer und politischer Ebene und seine Auswirkungen auf die Außenpolitik der Ukraine im Zeitraum 1991-2022 berücksichtigt werden. Besonderes Augenmerk wird auf die Ursachen, das Wesen und die Folgen des Euroskeptizismus als neues Phänomen im sozio-politischen Leben der Ukraine gelegt. Die Ergebnisse der Quellenanalyse ermöglichten es, sich ein recht klares Bild vom Stand des gesellschaftlichen und politischen Euroskeptizismus in der Ukraine sowie von der Haltung der EU-Mitgliedstaaten gegenüber den europäischen Integrationsbestrebungen der Ukraine zu machen. Auf dieser Grundlage wurden Schlussfolgerungen über die Aussichten und Chancen eines EU-Beitritts der Ukraine gezogen, wobei den Erfahrungen mit dem ukrainischen Euroskeptizismus in der Geschichte der Beziehungen zwischen der EU und der Ukraine besondere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt wurde.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RANDOM FOREST AND LOGISTIC REGRESSION FOR WEED RISK ASSESSMENT
Creators: name: Harris, Chinchu
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Plant sciences
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Invasive plants
subject: Logistic regression
subject: Machine learning
subject: Random forests
subject: Weed risk assessment

description: Invasive species have largely negative impacts on the environment and the economy. The management and regulation of invasive plants are facilitated using screening tools, such as weed risk assessments (WRAs) to predict the invasive potential of non-native plants. The identification of these species and their subsequent regulation on importation helps to reduce the risk of future ecosystem and economic costs. Globally, there are many different types of highly useful WRAs already available. However, in this day of big data and powerful predictive analytics, there is an increasing demand for the development of new and more robust screening tools. In this thesis, I use the machine learning algorithm, Random forests, to develop a new WRA. I show that random forest model has greater predictive accuracies than an existing logistic regression model and that random forest is a better learner. In addition, variable importance analysis was performed to identify factors associated with invasive status classification of non-native plants. The study suggests that random forests make powerful weed risk screening tools and should be utilized for assessing invasive risk potential along with other WRAs. An integrative approach for evaluating weed risk can greatly serve to facilitate the WRA process.
An extension of tribimaximal lepton mixing
Creators: name: Ahn, Y. H.
name: Cheng, Hai-Yang
name: Oh, Sechul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Harrison, Perkins and Scott have proposed simple charged lepton and neutrino mass matrices that lead to the tribimaximal mixing $U_{\rm TBM}$. We consider in this work an extension of the mass matrices so that the leptonic mixing matrix becomes $U_{\rm PMNS}=V_L^{\ell\dagger}U_{\rm TBM}W$, where $V_L^\ell$ is a unitary matrix needed to diagonalize the charged lepton mass matrix and $W$ measures the deviation of the neutrino mixing matrix from the bimaximal form. Hence, corrections to $U_{\rm TBM}$ arise from both charged lepton and neutrino sectors. Following our previous work to assume a Qin-Ma-like parametrization $V_{\rm QM}$ for the charged lepton mixing matrix $V_L^\ell$ in which the {\it CP}-odd phase is approximately maximal, we study the phenomenological implications in two different scenarios: $V_L^\ell=V_{\rm QM}^\dagger$ and $V_L^\ell=V_{\rm QM}$. We find that the latter is more preferable, though both scenarios are consistent with the data within $3σ$ ranges. The predicted reactor neutrino mixing angle $θ_{13}$ in both scenarios is consistent with the recent T2K and MINOS data. The leptonic {\it CP} violation characterized by the Jarlskog invariant $J_{\rm CP}$ is generally of order $10^{-2}$.
description: 20 pages and 8 figures, Accepted in Phys.Review D
Vanishing of one dimensional L^2-cohomologies of loop groups
Creators: name: Aida, Shigeki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $G$ be a simply connected compact Lie group. Let $L_e(G)$ be the based loop group with the base point $e$ which is the identity element. Let $ν_e$ be the pinned Brownian motion measure on $L_e(G)$ and let $α\in L^2(\wedge^1T^{\ast}L_e(G),ν_e)\cap {\mathbb D}^{\infty,p}(\wedge^1T^{\ast}L_e(G),ν_e)$ $(1
A Note on Implementing OPS5 Production Systems on DADO
Creators: name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer science

description: This brief note is written in response to a recent publication, "Implementing OPS5 Production Systems on DADO," published as a Carnegie-Mellon Department of Computer Science Technical Report by Anoop Gupta in March, 1984. Gupta's paper analyzes the performance of OPS5 Production System programs on the DADO parallel computer, a special purpose production system (PS) machine. The analysis leads Gupta to conclude that DADO is not an effective OPS5 PS machine. we have studied Gupta's analysis carefully, and conclude that his conclusions are Inaccurate, flawed by, at times, incorrect or outdated information about the DADO2 prototype, and, at other times, inexact reasoning. We have divided the following into two sections. Section 2 details specific technical errors regarding the DADO2 design cited by Gupta. Although Gupta properly cites statistics we reported in earlier papers proposing DADO, his analysis is based on an earlier design of the second prototype system presently near completion at Columbia University. However, after making the changes appropriate to be consistent with the current technical design of DADO2, Gupta's analysis is also flawed in not adequately understanding the detailed workings of several reported algorithms. Section 3 focuses on philosophical differences. We shall be careful to accurately quote Gupta to strengthen our case that his conclusion is rather weak. We conclude that DADO indeed is an effective OPS5 processor. More importantly, we believe the DADO machine will produce dramatic performance Improvements of AI computation when the sequentialities inherent in OPSS are removed. The reader should first carefully read Gupta's paper and anyone of the most recent reports detailing the DADO system and algorithms, (Stolfo and Miranker, 1984), for example.
Distribution characteristics of the eggs, tadpoles, and metamorphs of the northern leopard frog (rana pipiens) and their relation to conservation strategies
Creators: name: Fraser, Lynne Davidson
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2008

description: Bibliography: p. 190-223
description: Anuran population persistence often hinges on successful metamorph dispersal, but information on this life-stage and its movement characteristics is scarce. Two years of monitoring the emigration patterns of metamorph Northern Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens), a "Threatened" species in Alberta, revealed that they orient non-randomly upon emigration from their breeding pond. Emigration direction was similar between years and the short-term capture and handling of metamorphs does not appear to disrupt their natural emigration behaviour. Metamorph emigration patterns were not related to the non-random distributions of earlier life-stages ( egg clusters and tadpoles), suggesting that metamorph R. pipiens orient on land using cues other than those detected during their larval period. Natural metamorph dispersal was compared to that of a reintroduced population and results suggest that reintroduced animals do not exhibit natural behaviour. My findings provide insight into the behaviour of metamorph anurans and have implications for R. pipiens conservation in Alberta.
A General Analysis of the Security of Elastic Block Ciphers
Creators: name: Cook, Debra L.
name: Yung, Moti
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Computer science

description: We analyze the security of elastic block ciphers in general to show that an attack on an elastic version of block cipher implies a polynomial time related attack on the fixed-length version of the block cipher. We relate the security of the elastic version of a block cipher to the fixed-length version by forming a reduction between the versions. Our method is independent of the specific block cipher used. The results imply that if the fixed-length version of a block cipher is secure against attacks which attempt key recovery then the elastic version is also secure against such attacks.
An Overview of Information-Based Complexity
Creators: name: Werschulz, Arthur G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Computer science

description: Computational complexity has two goals: finding the inherent cost of some problem, and finding optimal algorithms for solving this problem. Information-based complexity (IBC) studies the complexity of problems for which the available information is partial, contaminated by error, and priced. Examples of such problems include integration, approximation, ordinary and partial differential equations, integral equations, and the solution of nonlinear problems such as root-finding and optimization. In this talk, we give a brief overview of IBC. We focus mainly on the integration problem (which is a simple, yet important, problem that can be used to illustrate the main ideas of IBC) and the approximation problem (which will be of most interest to specialists in learning theory). One important issue that we discuss is the "curse of dimension" -- the depressing fact that the worst case complexity of many problems depends exponentially on dimension, rendering them intractable. We explore IBC-based techniques for vanquishing the curse of dimension. In particular, we find that randomization beats intractability for the integration problem but not for the approximation problem; on the other hand, both these problems are tractable in the average case setting under a Wiener sheet measure.
A space--time varying coefficient model: The equity of service accessibility
Creators: name: Serban, Nicoleta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Research in examining the equity of service accessibility has emerged as economic and social equity advocates recognized that where people live influences their opportunities for economic development, access to quality health care and political participation. In this research paper service accessibility equity is concerned with where and when services have been and are accessed by different groups of people, identified by location or underlying socioeconomic variables. Using new statistical methods for modeling spatial-temporal data, this paper estimates demographic association patterns to financial service accessibility varying over a large geographic area (Georgia) and over a period of 13 years. The underlying model is a space--time varying coefficient model including both separable space and time varying coefficients and space--time interaction terms. The model is extended to a multilevel response where the varying coefficients account for both the within- and between-variability. We introduce an inference procedure for assessing the shape of the varying regression coefficients using confidence bands.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOAS473 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Is CAD/CAM Ready for AI?
Creators: name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer science

description: The field of Computer Aided Design and Manufacture (CAD/CAM) has had major success in the last decade. With the introduction of CAD/CAM design systems in the marketplace, many people feel that CAD/CAM is no longer the promised technology of the future, but the emerging technology of the present. With the onset of strong international competition, increasing economic pressure has demanded that our nation‘s productivity and manufacturing quality improve dramatically. It is not surprising, therefore, that CAD/CAM has assumed a vital position in our national economic plans.
Approximate Theory of Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity of Amorphous Semiconductors
Creators: name: Zhang, Ming-Liang
name: Drabold, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we develop an approximate theory of the temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) and conductivity based upon the recently proposed Microscopic Response Method. By introducing suitable approximations for the lattice dynamics, localized and extended electronic states, we produce new explicit forms for the conductivity and TCR, which depend on easily accessible material parameters. The theory is in reasonable agreement with experiments on a-Si:H and a-Ge:H. A long-standing puzzle, a \textquotedblleft kink\textquotedblright\ in the experimental $% \log_{10}σ$ vs. 1/T curve, is predicted by the theory and attributed to localized to extended transitions, which have not been properly handled in earlier theories.
description: 14pages 7 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Outward FDI from Germany and its policy context: update 2011
Creators: name: Jost, Thomas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Finance
Economics

description: In 2010, German companies strongly increased their investments in foreign affiliates, with outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) flows having reached their third highest value on record (US$ 105 billion). Flows were driven by rising exports and growing profits of the German corporate sector. In 2010, the German economy made a robust recovery from the worldwide economic and financial crisis and became a growth engine among European Union (EU) countries. A further increase of OFDI is expected in 2011, as German companies are seeking to strengthen their strategic position in their main markets, although the pre-crisis level of OFDI flows of US$ 171 billion in 2007 will be hard to achieve. The German Government has continued to support the internationalization process of the German corporate sector by expanding its network of bilateral investment treaties and providing financial support and information services.
Understanding rural rehabilitation practice : perspectives of occupational therapists and physical therapists in British Columbia
Creators: name: Roots, Robin Katharine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Background: Providing rehabilitation services to meet the needs of rural residents and address poor health outcomes requires overcoming the challenges of geography, limited referral options and a shortage of occupational therapists (OTs) and physical therapists (PTs). However, little is known about how rehabilitation professionals in rural areas enact their practice to meet and overcome these challenges. To address this gap and contribute to enhancing health for rural residents, this research constructed an understanding of rural rehabilitation practice from the perspectives of OTs and PTs in rural British Columbia (BC). Methods: This qualitative study employed a purposive sample of OTs and PTs in rural communities (population < 15,000) in northern BC. Potential participants were recruited through a study information mail-out to workplaces and were selected according to inclusion criteria to ensure a variety of work experiences, roles and practice settings. In semi-structured interviews, participants were asked to describe the skills and knowledge they perceived as unique to rural and strategies used to overcome challenges. Guided by interpretive description, transcripts were analysed inductively using broad-level coding and findings collapsed into interpretive categories. Interpretations and implications for education, practice and policy were reviewed with participants to ensure relevancy for rural practice. Results: From interviews with 6 OTs and 13 PTs, serving a total of 15 rural communities, rehabilitation practice and participants’ definition of health was understood to be substantially shaped by rurality, or the contextual features of geography, determinants of health and access to services. Participants considered general practice ‘a specialty’ requiring advanced skills in assessment. They described ‘stretching their role’ and ‘participating and partnerships’ as means to overcome resource shortages. Reflective practice, networking and collaboration were deemed essential to maintaining competency. Rural clinical placements, mentoring and improving access to continuing education were regarded as central to recruitment and retention. Conclusion: This research illuminates the influence of rurality on the practice of OTs and PTs in rural BC. The findings asserted the importance of incorporating rural content in professional training programs and providing accessible professional development resources to addressing health human resource shortages and meeting the rehabilitation needs of rural residents.
Enforcement, private political pressure and the GATT/WTO escape clause
Creators: name: Bagwell, Kyle
name: Staiger, Robert W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Economics

description: We consider the design and implementation of international trade agreements when: (i) negotiations are undertaken and commitments made in the presence of uncertainty about future political pressures; (ii) governments possess private information about political pressures at the time that the agreement is actually implemented; and (iii) negotiated commitments can be implemented only if they are self-enforcing. We thus consider the design of self-enforcing trade agreements among governments that acquire private information over time. In this context, we provide equilibrium interpretations of GATT/WTO negotiations regarding upper bounds on applied tariffs and GATT/WTO escape clauses. We also provide a novel interpretation of a feature of the WTO Safeguard Agreement, under which escape clause actions cannot be re-imposed in an industry for a period equal to the duration of the most recent escape clause action. We find that a dynamic usage constraint of this kind can raise the expected welfare of negotiating governments.