cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Isolated spin qubits in SiC with a high-fidelity infrared spin-to-photon interface
Creators: name: Christle, David J.
name: Klimov, Paul V.
name: Casas, Charles F. de las
name: Szász, Krisztián
name: Ivády, Viktor
name: Jokubavicius, Valdas
name: Hassan, Jawad ul
name: Syväjärvi, Mikael
name: Koehl, William F.
name: Ohshima, Takeshi
name: Son, Nguyen T.
name: Janzén, Erik
name: Gali, Ádám
name: Awschalom, David D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The divacancies in SiC are a family of paramagnetic defects that show promise for quantum communication technologies due to their long-lived electron spin coherence and their optical addressability at near-telecom wavelengths. Nonetheless, a mechanism for high-fidelity spin-to-photon conversion, which is a crucial prerequisite for such technologies, has not yet been demonstrated. Here we demonstrate a high-fidelity spin-to-photon interface in isolated divacancies in epitaxial films of 3C-SiC and 4H-SiC. Our data show that divacancies in 4H-SiC have minimal undesirable spin-mixing, and that the optical linewidths in our current sample are already similar to those of recent remote entanglement demonstrations in other systems. Moreover, we find that 3C-SiC divacancies have millisecond Hahn-echo spin coherence time, which is among the longest measured in a naturally isotopic solid. The presence of defects with these properties in a commercial semiconductor that can be heteroepitaxially grown as a thin film on shows promise for future quantum networks based on SiC defects.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures
title: Investigating the Prevalence of RNA-Binding Metabolic Enzymes in E. coli
Creators: name: Klein, Thomas
name: Funke, Franziska
name: Rossbach, Oliver
name: Lehmann, Gerhard
name: Vockenhuber, Michael
name: Medenbach, Jan
name: Suess, Beatrix
name: Meister, Gunter
name: Babinger, Patrick
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: An open research field in cellular regulation is the assumed crosstalk between RNAs, metabolic enzymes, and metabolites, also known as the REM hypothesis. High-throughput assays have produced extensive interactome data with metabolic enzymes frequently found as hits, but only a few examples have been biochemically validated, with deficits especially in prokaryotes. Therefore, we rationally selected nineteen Escherichia coli enzymes from such datasets and examined their ability to bind RNAs using two complementary methods, iCLIP and SELEX. Found interactions were validated by EMSA and other methods. For most of the candidates, we observed no RNA binding (12/19) or a rather unspecific binding (5/19). Two of the candidates, namely glutamate-5-kinase (ProB) and quinone oxidoreductase (QorA), displayed specific and previously unknown binding to distinct RNAs. We concentrated on the interaction of QorA to the mRNA of yffO, a grounded prophage gene, which could be validated by EMSA and MST. Because the physiological function of both partners is not known, the biological relevance of this interaction remains elusive. Furthermore, we found novel RNA targets for the MS2 phage coat protein that served us as control. Our results indicate that RNA binding of metabolic enzymes in procaryotes is less frequent than suggested by the results of high-throughput studies, but does occur.
Classical and Quantum Aspects of Particle Propagation in External Gravitational Fields
Creators: name: Papini, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2

description: In the study of covariant wave equations, linear gravity manifests itself through the metric deviation $γ_{μν}$ and a two-point vector potential $K_λ$ itself constructed from $γ_{μν}$ and its derivatives. The simultaneous presence of the two gravitational potentials is non contradictory. Particles also assume the character of quasiparticles and $K_λ$ carries information about the matter with which it interacts. We consider the influence of $K_λ$ on the dispersion relations of the particles involved, the particles' motion, quantum tunneling through a horizon, radiation, energy-momentum dissipation and flux quantization. % No {\it REVTEX} limit to number of lines.
description: 8 pages
An estimation of the logarithmic timescale in an ergodic dynamics
Creators: name: Gomez, Ignacio S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An estimation of the logarithmic timescale in quantum systems having an ergodic dynamics in the semiclassical limit of quasiclassical large parameters, is presented. The estimation is based on the existence of finite generators for ergodic measure-preserving transformations having a finite Kolmogorov--Sinai (KS) entropy and on the time rescaling property of the KS-entropy. The results are in agreement with the obtained in the literature but with a simpler mathematics and within the context of the ergodic theory.
Frustrated honeycomb-lattice bilayer quantum antiferromagnet in a magnetic field: Unconventional phase transitions in a two-dimensional isotropic Heisenberg model
Creators: name: Krokhmalskii, Taras
name: Baliha, Vasyl
name: Derzhko, Oleg
name: Schulenburg, Jörg
name: Richter, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on a bilayer honeycomb lattice including interlayer frustration in the presence of an external magnetic field. In the vicinity of the saturation field, we map the low-energy states of this quantum system onto the spatial configurations of hard hexagons on a honeycomb lattice. As a result, we can construct effective classical models (lattice-gas as well as Ising models) on the honeycomb lattice to calculate the properties of the frustrated quantum Heisenberg spin system in the low-temperature regime. We perform classical Monte Carlo simulations for a hard-hexagon model and adopt known results for an Ising model to discuss the finite-temperature order-disorder phase transition that is driven by a magnetic field at low temperatures. We also discuss an effective-model description around the ideal frustration case and find indications for a spin-flop like transition in the considered isotropic spin model.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
The Spectrum of SS 433 in the H and K Bands
Creators: name: Robinson, E. L.
name: Froning, C. S.
name: Jaffe, D. T.
name: Kaplan, K. F.
name: Kim, H.
name: Mace, G. N.
name: Sokal, K. R.
name: Lee, J. -J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SS~433 is an X-ray binary and the source of sub-relativistic, precessing, baryonic jets. We present high-resolution spectrograms of SS 433 in the infrared H and K bands. The spectrum is dominated by hydrogen and helium emission lines. The precession phase of the emission lines from the jet continues to be described by a constant period, P_jet= 162.375 d. The limit on any secularly changing period is $|\dot P| \lesssim 10^{-5}$. The He I 2.0587 micron line has complex and variable P Cygni absorption features produced by an inhomogeneous wind with a maximum outflow velocity near 900 km/s. The He II emission lines in the spectrum also arise in this wind. The higher members of the hydrogen Brackett lines show a double-peaked profile with symmetric wings extending more than +/-1500 km/s from the line center. The lines display radial velocity variations in phase with the radial velocity variation expected of the compact star, and they show a distortion during disk eclipse that we interpret as a rotational distortion. We fit the line profiles with a model in which the emission comes from the surface of a symmetric, Keplerian accretion disk around the compact object. The outer edge of the disk has velocities that vary from 110 to 190 km/s. These comparatively low velocities place an important constraint on the mass of the compact star: Its mass must be less than 2.2 M_solar and is probably less than 1.6 M_solar.
description: ApJ, accepted
Proton Dynamics in Protein Mass Spectrometry
Creators: name: Li, Jinyu
name: Lyu, Wenping
name: Rossetti, Giulia
name: Konijnenberg, Albert
name: Natalello, Antonino
name: Ippoliti, Emiliano
name: Orozco, Modesto
name: Sobott, Frank
name: Grandori, Rita
name: Carloni, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Native electrospray ionization/ion mobility-mass spectrometry (ESI/IM-MS) allows an accurate determination of low-resolution structural features of proteins. Yet, the presence of proton dynamics, observed already by us for DNA in the gas phase, and its impact on protein structural determinants, have not been investigated so far. Here, we address this issue by a multi-step simulation strategy on a pharmacologically relevant peptide, the N-terminal residues of amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta(1-16)). Our calculations reproduce the experimental maximum charge state from ESI-MS and are also in fair agreement with collision cross section (CCS) data measured here by ESI/IM-MS. Although the main structural features are preserved, subtle conformational changes do take place in the first ~0.1 ms of dynamics. In addition, intramolecular proton dynamics processes occur on the ps-timescale in the gas phase as emerging from quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulations at the B3LYP level of theory. We conclude that proton transfer phenomena do occur frequently during fly time in ESI-MS experiments (typically on the ms timescale). However, the structural changes associated with the process do not significantly affect the structural determinants.
description: J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2017
First-principles based Landau-Devonshire potential for BiFeO$_3$
Creators: name: Marton, Pavel
name: Klíč, Antonín
name: Paściak, Marek
name: Hlinka, Jiří
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The work describes a first-principles-based computational strategy for studying structural phase transitions, and in particular, for determination of the so-called Landau-Devonshire potential - the classical zero-temperature limit of the Gibbs energy, expanded in terms of order parameters. It exploits the configuration space attached to the eigenvectors of the modes frozen in the ground state, rather than the space spanned by the unstable modes of the high-symmetry phase, as done usually. This allows us to carefully probe the part of the energy surface in the vicinity of the ground state, which is most relevant for the properties of the ordered phase. We apply this procedure to BiFeO$_3$ and perform ab-initio calculations in order to determine potential energy contributions associated with strain, polarization and oxygen octahedra tilt degrees of freedom, compatible with its two-formula unit cell periodic boundary conditions.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Laser beam coupling with capillary discharge plasma for laser wakefield acceleration applications
Creators: name: Bagdasarov, Gennadiy
name: Sasorov, Pavel
name: Gasilov, Vladimir
name: Boldarev, Alexey
name: Olkhovskaya, Olga
name: Benedetti, Carlo
name: Bulanov, Stepan
name: Gonsalves, Anthony Joseph
name: Mao, Hann-Shin
name: Schroeder, Carl B.
name: van Tilborg, Jeroen
name: Esarey, Eric
name: Leemans, Wim P.
name: Levato, Tadzio
name: Margarone, Daniele
name: Korn, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most robust methods, demonstrated up to date, of accelerating electron beams by laser-plasma sources is the utilization of plasma channels generated by the capillary discharges. These channels, i.e., plasma columns with a minimum density along the laser pulse propagation axis, may optically guide short laser pulses, thereby increasing the acceleration length, leading to a more efficient electron acceleration. Although the spatial structure of the installation is simple in principle, there may be some important effects caused by the open ends of the capillary, by the supplying channels etc., which require a detailed 3D modeling of the processes taking place in order to get a detailed understanding and improve the operation. However, the discharge plasma, being one of the most crucial components of the laser-plasma accelerator, is not simulated with the accuracy and resolution required to advance this promising technology. In the present work, such simulations are performed using the code MARPLE. First, the process of the capillary filling with a cold hydrogen before the discharge is fired, through the side supply channels is simulated. The main goal of this simulation is to get a spatial distribution of the filling gas in the region near the open ends of the capillary. A realistic geometry is used for this and the next stage simulations, including the insulators, the supplying channels as well as the electrodes. Second, the simulation of the capillary discharge is performed with the goal to obtain a time-dependent spatial distribution of the electron density near the open ends of the capillary as well as inside the capillary. Finally, to evaluate effectiveness of the beam coupling with the channeling plasma wave guide and electron acceleration, modeling of laser-plasma interaction was performed with the code INF&RNO
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
emLam -- a Hungarian Language Modeling baseline
Creators: name: Nemeskey, Dávid Márk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7

description: This paper aims to make up for the lack of documented baselines for Hungarian language modeling. Various approaches are evaluated on three publicly available Hungarian corpora. Perplexity values comparable to models of similar-sized English corpora are reported. A new, freely downloadable Hungar- ian benchmark corpus is introduced.
description: Additional resources: - the emLam repository: https://github.com/DavidNemeskey/emLam - the emLam corpus: http://hlt.bme.hu/en/resources/emLam
Performance Characterization of a Solenoid-type Gas Valve for the $H^{-}$ Magnetron Source at FNAL
Creators: name: Sosa, A.
name: Bollinger, D. S.
name: Karns, P. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetron-style $H^{-}$ ion sources currently in operation at Fermilab use piezoelectric gas valves to function. This kind of gas valve is sensitive to small changes in ambient temperature, which affect the stability and performance of the ion source. This motivates the need to find an alternative way of feeding H2 gas into the source. A solenoid-type gas valve has been characterized in a dedicated off-line test stand to assess the feasibility of its use in the operational ion sources. $H^{-}$ ion beams have been extracted at 35 keV using this valve. In this study, the performance of the solenoid gas valve has been characterized measuring the beam current output of the magnetron source with respect to the voltage and pulse width of the signal applied to the gas valve.
description: 4 pp. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1701.01757
Existence analysis for incompressible fluid model of electrically charged chemically reacting and heat conducting mixtures
Creators: name: Bulíček, Miroslav
name: Pokorný, Milan
name: Zamponi, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q35, 35A01, 35D30, 76A05, 76T99, 80A20, 92C05

description: We deal with a three dimensional model based on the use of barycentric velocity that describes unsteady flows of a heat conducting electrically charged multicomponent chemically reacting non-Newtonian fluid. We show that under certain assumptions on data and the constitutive relations for such a fluid there exists a global in time and large data weak solution. The paper has two key novelties. The first one is that we present a model that is thermodynamically and mechanically consistent and that is able to describe the cross effects in a generality never considered before, i.e., we cover the so-called Soret effect, Dufour effect, Ohm law, Peltier effect, Joul heating, Thompson effect, Seebeck effect and also the generalized Fick law. The second key novelty is that contrary to the previous works on the similar topic, we do not need to deal with the energy equality method and therefore we are able to cover a large range of power-law parameters in the Cauchy-stress. In particular, we cover even the Newtonian case (which is the most used model), for which the existence analysis was missing.
Prevalance of Chaos in Planetary Systems Formed Through Embryo Accretion
Creators: name: Clement, Matthew S.
name: Kaib, Nathan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of the solar system's terrestrial planets has been numerically modeled in various works, and many other studies have been devoted to characterizing our modern planets' chaotic dynamical state. However, it is still not known whether our planet's fragile chaotic state is an expected outcome of terrestrial planet accretion. We use a suite of numerical simulations to present a detailed analysis and characterization of the dynamical chaos in 145 different systems produced via terrestrial planet formation in Kaib and Cowan (2015). These systems were created in the presence of a fully formed Jupiter and Saturn, using a variety of different initial conditions. They are not meant to provide a detailed replication of the actual present solar system, but rather serve as a sample of similar systems for comparison and analysis. We find that dynamical chaos is prevalent in roughly half of the systems we form. We show that this chaos disappears in the majority of such systems when Jupiter is removed, implying that the largest source of chaos is perturbations from Jupiter. Chaos is most prevalent in systems that form 4 or 5 terrestrial planets. Additionally, an eccentric Jupiter and Saturn is shown to enhance the prevalence of chaos in systems. Furthermore, systems in our sample with a center of mass highly concentrated between 0.8 -1.2 AU generally prove to be less chaotic than systems with more exotic mass distributions. Through the process of evolving systems to the current epoch, we show that late instabilities are quite common in our systems. Of greatest interest, many of the sources of chaos observed in our own solar system (such as the secularly driven chaos between Mercury and Jupiter) are shown to be common outcomes of terrestrial planetary formation.
Asymptotical properties of social network dynamics on time scales
Creators: name: Ogulenko, Aleksey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34N05, 37B25, 91D30

description: In this paper we develop conditions for various types of stability in social networks governed by Imitation of Success principle. Considering so-called Prisoner's Dilemma as the base of node-to-node game in the network we obtain well-known Hopfield neural network model. Asymptotic behavior of the original model and dynamic Hopfield model has a certain correspondence. To obtain more general results, we consider Hopfield model dynamic system on time scales. Developed stability conditions combine main parameters of network structure such as network size and maximum relative nodes' degree with the main characteristics of time scale, nodes' inertia and resistance, rate of input-output response.
description: 12 pages
Multiple-period Floquet states and time-translation symmetry breaking in quantum oscillators
Creators: name: Zhang, Yaxing
name: Gosner, J.
name: Girvin, S. M.
name: Ankerhold, J.
name: Dykman, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the breaking of the discrete time-translation symmetry in small periodically driven quantum systems. Such systems are intermediate between large closed systems and small dissipative systems, which both display the symmetry breaking, but have qualitatively different dynamics. As a nontrivial example we consider period tripling in a quantum nonlinear oscillator. We show that, for moderately strong driving, the period tripling is robust on an exponentially long time scale, which is further extended by an even weak decoherence.
title: Effect of Particle Migration on the Stress Field in Microfluidic Flows of Blood Analog Fluids at High Reynolds Numbers
Creators: name: Knüppel, Finn
name: Sun, Ang
name: Wurm, Frank-Hendrik
name: Hussong, Jeanette
name: Torner, Benjamin
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: In the present paper, we investigate how the reductions in shear stresses and pressure losses in microfluidic gaps are directly linked to the local characteristics of cell-free layers (CFLs) at channel Reynolds numbers relevant to ventricular assist device (VAD) applications. For this, detailed studies of local particle distributions of a particulate blood analog fluid are combined with wall shear stress and pressure loss measurements in two complementary set-ups with identical flow geometry, bulk Reynolds numbers and particle Reynolds numbers. For all investigated particle volume fractions of up to 5%, reductions in the stress and pressure loss were measured in comparison to a flow of an equivalent homogeneous fluid (without particles). We could explain this due to the formation of a CFL ranging from 10 to 20 μm. Variations in the channel Reynolds number between Re = 50 and 150 did not lead to measurable changes in CFL heights or stress reductions for all investigated particle volume fractions. These measurements were used to describe the complete chain of how CFL formation leads to a stress reduction, which reduces the apparent viscosity of the suspension and results in the Fåhræus–Lindqvist effect. This chain of causes was investigated for the first time for flows with high Reynolds numbers (Re∼100), representing a flow regime which can be found in the narrow gaps of a VAD.
Effects of pitched tips of novel kneading disks on melt mixing in twin-screw extrusion
Creators: name: Nakayama, Yasuya
name: Nishihira, Nariyoshi
name: Kajiwara, Toshihisa
name: Tomiyama, Hideki
name: Takeuchi, Takahide
name: Kimura, Koichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In mixing highly viscous materials, like polymers, foods, and rubbers, the geometric structure of the mixing device is a determining factor for the quality of the mixing process. In pitched-tip kneading disks (ptKD), a novel type of mixing element, based on conventional kneading disks (KD), the tip angle is modified to change the channel geometry as well as the drag ability of KD. We discuss the effects of the tip angle in ptKD on mixing characteristics based on numerical simulation of the flow in the melt-mixing zone under different feed rates and a screw rotation speed. It turns out that the passage of fluid through the high-stress regions increases in ptKD compared to conventional KD regardless of the directions and sizes of the tip angle, while the fluctuation in residence time stays at the same level as the conventional KD. Furthermore, pitched tips of backward direction increase the mean applied stress on the fluid elements during its residence in the melt-mixing zone, suggesting the enhancement of dispersive mixing quality in ptKD. These understandings of the role of the tip angle on KD can give a basic guide in selecting and designing suitable angle parameters of ptKD for different mixing purposes.
Structures far below sub-Planck scale in quantum phase-space through superoscillations
Creators: name: Oliva, Maxime
name: Steuernagel, Ole
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 2001, Zurek derived the generic minimum scale $a_{Z}$ for the area of structures of Wigner's quantum phase distribution. Here we show by construction, using superoscillatory functions, that the Wigner distribution can locally show regular spotty structures on scales much below Zurek's scale $a_{Z}$. The price to pay for the presence of such structures is their exponential smallness. For the case we construct there is no increased interferometric sensitivity from the presence of patches with superoscillatory structure in phase-space.
description: 3 pages. 2 figures, Phys Rev A in print 2017
Values and Political Change in Post-Communist Europe, 1993-1994
Creators: name: Heywood, P.
name: Miller, W. L.
name: White, S.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2000

description: This study focussed on public and parliamentary opinion in the FSU/ECE during 1993-1994. Particular attention was paid to political values in the Postcommunist era. For further details please see documentation.
 The UK Data Archive also holds a later study by the same Principal Investigator, W.L. Miller, SN 3930 'Coping with Government in the FSU/ECE, 1996-1998'. This study is not part of the same project but deals with similar subjects.
Ring Oscillators for Clocking Reversible Superconducting Circuits and Fabrication Process Benchmarking
Creators: name: Semenov, Vasili K.
name: Polyakov, Yuri A.
name: Tolpygo, Sergey K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Existing concepts of reversible superconducting circuits as well as demonstrated adiabatic circuits require three-phase bias/clock signals generated by room temperature sources. A while ago, we suggested that a multi-phase bias/clock could be provided by a local Josephson junction-based generator. The generator looks like a long annular Josephson junction, only composed of discreet elements - junctions and inductors, and closed into a ring via a flux pump to inject any required number of vortices into the ring. A steady motion of the vortices forced by a uniformly distributed dc bias current applied to the ring is accompanied by a nearly harmonic ac currents flowing via the Josephson junctions (JJs) connected in series with small inductors. These ac currents serve as multi-phase bias/clock for nSQUID-based circuitry. To verify this concept and compare the dissipated energy with kBTln2 threshold, we developed a ring composed of 256 unshunted JJs with 20 μA target critical current, Ic. We investigated the behavior of the ring oscillator at each vortex count from 0 to 256. The measured critical current of the ring with vortices was about 0.1 μA per one JJ, which can be explained by unavoidable nonuniformity of the ring components and the influence of fluxes frozen near the ring. The corresponding energy dissipation, about 10kBT per passage of one vortex through one JJ, should be reduced further for prospective experiments with reversible circuits. However, obtained I-V characteristics could be of interest for scientists working with long Josephson junctions. Superiority of the fabrication process used in this work is demonstrated by the obtained about 200 times reduction of Ic of the ring with vortices with respect to a single comprising JJ, much larger than in any previously described case.
description: Extended Abstract: 3 pages, 3 figures, 10 references. Submitted for presentation at the 16th International Superconductive Electronics Conference, ISEC 2017, 12-16 June 2017, Sorrento, Italy
3D Modelling of the climatic impact of outflow channel formation events on Early Mars
Creators: name: Turbet, M.
name: Forget, F.
name: Head, J. W.
name: Wordsworth, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mars was characterized by cataclysmic groundwater-sourced surface flooding that formed large outflow channels and that may have altered the climate for extensive periods during the Hesperian era. In particular, it has been speculated that such events could have induced significant rainfall and caused the formation of late-stage valley networks. We present the results of 3-D Global Climate Model simulations reproducing the short and long term climatic impact of a wide range of outflow channel formation events under cold ancient Mars conditions. We find that the most intense of these events (volumes of water up to 10$^7 $km$^3$ and released at temperatures up to 320 Kelvins) cannot trigger long-term greenhouse global warming, regardless of how favorable are the external conditions (e.g. obliquity and seasons). In any case, outflow channel formation events at any atmospheric pressure are unable to produce rainfall or significant snowmelt at latitudes below 40$^{\circ}$N. On the long term, for an obliquity of $\sim $45$^{\circ}$ and atmospheric pressures $>$ 80 mbar, we find that the lake ice (formed quickly after the outflow event) is transported progressively southward through the mechanisms of sublimation and adiabatic cooling. At the same time, and as long as the initial water reservoir is not entirely sublimated, ice deposits remain in the West Echus Chasma Plateau region where hints of hydrological activity contemporaneous with outflow channel formation events have been observed. However, because the high albedo of ice drives Mars to even colder temperatures, snowmelt produced by seasonal solar forcing is difficult to attain.
description: 67 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication in Icarus
Recent Operation of the FNAL Magnetron $H^{-}$ Ion Source
Creators: name: Karns, P. R.
name: Bollinger, D. S.
name: Sosa, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper will detail changes in the operational paradigm of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) magnetron $H^{-}$ ion source due to upgrades in the accelerator system. Prior to November of 2012 the $H^{-}$ ions for High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments were extracted at ~18 keV vertically downward into a 90 degree bending magnet and accelerated through a Cockcroft-Walton accelerating column to 750 keV. Following the upgrade in the fall of 2012 the $H^{-}$ ions are now directly extracted from a magnetron at 35 keV and accelerated to 750 keV by a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ). This change in extraction energy as well as the orientation of the ion source required not only a redesign of the ion source, but an updated understanding of its operation at these new values. Discussed in detail are the changes to the ion source timing, arc discharge current, hydrogen gas pressure, and cesium delivery system that were needed to maintain consistent operation at >99% uptime for HEP, with an increased ion source lifetime of over 9 months.
description: 8 pp
Lie symmetry analysis for similarity reduction and solutions of (3 + 1)- dimensional Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff equation
Creators: name: Jadaun, Vishakha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is shown that the novel Lie group of transformations method is a competent and prominent tool in solving nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs) in mathematical physics. Lie group analysis is used to carry out the similarity reduction and exact solutions of the (3 + 1)-dimensional Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff (CBS) equation. This research deals with the similarity solutions of CBS equation. We have obtained the infinitesimal generators, commutator table of Lie algebra, symmetry group and similarity reduction for the CBS equation. For the different Lie algebra, Lie symmetry method reduced (3 + 1)-dimensional CBS equation into new (2 + 1)-dimensional partial differential equations and again using Lie symmetry method these PDEs are reduced into various ordinary differential equations(ODEs).
description: 10 Pages, 1 table. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1701.05499
A Comparison of Two Methods for Estimating Black Hole Spin in Active Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Capellupo, Daniel M.
name: Wafflard-Fernandez, Gaylor
name: Haggard, Daryl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Angular momentum, or spin, is a fundamental property of black holes (BHs), yet it is much more difficult to estimate than mass or accretion rate (for actively accreting systems). In recent years, high-quality X-ray observations have allowed for detailed measurements of the Fe K$α$ emission line, where relativistic line broadening allows constraints on the spin parameter (the X-ray reflection method). Another technique uses accretion disk models to fit the AGN continuum emission (the continuum-fitting, or CF, method). Although each technique has model-dependent uncertainties, these are the best empirical tools currently available and should be vetted in systems where both techniques can be applied. A detailed comparison of the two methods is also useful because neither method can be applied to all AGN. The X-ray reflection technique targets mostly local (z $\lesssim$ 0.1) systems, while the CF method can be applied at higher redshift, up to and beyond the peak of AGN activity and growth. Here, we apply the CF method to two AGN with X-ray reflection measurements. For both the high-mass AGN, H1821+643, and the Seyfert 1, NGC 3783, we find a range in spin parameter consistent with the X-ray reflection measurements. However, the near-maximal spin favored by the reflection method for NGC 3783 is more probable if we add a disk wind to the model. Refinement of these techniques, together with improved X-ray measurements and tighter BH mass constraints, will permit this comparison in a larger sample of AGN and increase our confidence in these spin estimation techniques.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
MASTER OT J004207.99+405501.1/M31LRN 2015 Luminous Red Nova in M31: Discovery, Light Curve, Hydrodynamics, Evolution
Creators: name: Lipunov, V. M.
name: Blinnikov, S.
name: Gorbovskoy, E.
name: Tutukov, A.
name: Baklanov, P.
name: Krushinski, V.
name: Tiurina, N.
name: Balanutsa, P.
name: Kuznetsov, A.
name: Kornilov, V.
name: Gorbunov, I.
name: Shumkov, V.
name: Vladimirov, V.
name: Gress, O.
name: Budnev, N. M.
name: Ivanov, K.
name: Tlatov, A.
name: Zalozhnykh, I.
name: Sergienko, Yu.
name: Gabovich, A.
name: Yurkov, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery and multicolor (VRIW) photometry of a rare explosive star MASTER OT J004207.99+405501.1 - a luminous red nova - in the Andromeda galaxy M31N2015-01a. We use our original light curve acquired with identical MASTER Global Robotic Net telescopes in one photometric system: VRI during first 30 days and W (unfiltered) during 70 days. Also we added publishied multicolor photometry data to estimate the mass and energy of the ejected shell, and discuss the likely formation scenarios of outbursts of this type. We propose the interpretation of the explosion, that is consistent with the evolutionary scenario where star merger is a natural stage of the evolution of close-mass stars and may serve as an extra channel for the formation of nova outbursts.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, accepted to MNRAS
Elastic interactions between colloidal microspheres and elongated convex and concave nanoprisms in nematic liquid crystals
Creators: name: Senyuk, Bohdan
name: Smalyukh, Ivan I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study mutual alignment and interactions between colloidal particles of dissimilar shapes and dimensions when dispersed in a nematic host fluid. Convex pentagonal and concave starfruit-shaped nanoprisms and microspheres induce dipolar or quadrupolar director structures. The ensuing elastic pair interactions between microspheres and nanoprisms are highly dependent on the nanoparticle shape being omnidirectionally attractive for convex prisms but strongly anisotropic for concave prisms. Elastic deformations due to spherical particles cause well-defined alignment of complex-shaped nanoparticles at distances much larger than the microsphere size. We characterize distance and angular dependencies of elastic pair interaction forces, torques, and binding energies. The studied elasticity-mediated self-assembly of metal and dielectric nanoparticles with dissimilar shapes and sizes opens new possibilities for self-assembly based fabrication of structured mesoscopic composites with predesigned properties.
IGoR: a tool for high-throughput immune repertoire analysis
Creators: name: Marcou, Quentin
name: Mora, Thierry
name: Walczak, Aleksandra M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: High throughput immune repertoire sequencing is promising to lead to new statistical diagnostic tools for medicine and biology. Successful implementations of these methods require a correct characterization, analysis and interpretation of these datasets. We present IGoR -- a new comprehensive tool that takes B or T-cell receptors sequence reads and quantitatively characterizes the statistics of receptor generation from both cDNA and gDNA. It probabilistically annotates sequences and its modular structure can investigate models of increasing biological complexity for different organisms. For B-cells IGoR returns the hypermutation statistics, which we use to reveal co-localization of hypermutations along the sequence. We demonstrate that IGoR outperforms existing tools in accuracy and estimate the sample sizes needed for reliable repertoire characterization.
title: Lithium Extraction and Zeolite Synthesis via Mechanochemical Treatment of the Silicate Minerals Lepidolite, Spodumene, and Petalite
Creators: name: Necke, Tobias
name: Stein, Johannes
name: Kleebe, Hans-Joachim
name: Balke-Grünewald, Benjamin
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Lithium is in high demand: this is driven by current trends in e-mobility and results in increased global production and record prices for lithium ores and compounds. Pegmatite ores, in addition to brines, remain of particular interest because of their higher lithium content and lower geopolitical risks. In this work, we investigated lithium extraction via the mechanochemical treatment of the three most common lithium minerals: lepidolite, spodumene, and petalite. Indeed, we determine that the petalite crystal structure was much more suitable due to its less dense packing and the formation of cleavage planes along lithium sites, resulting in substantial lithium extraction of 84.9% and almost complete conversion to hydrosodalite after 120 min of ball milling in alkaline media. Further processing of the leach liquor includes desilication, the precipitation of lithium phosphate, and the conversion and crystallization of pure LiOH·H₂O. Special attention was paid to a holistic approach entailing the generation of by-products, each of which has a specific intended application. The leaching residues were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, N₂ adsorption/desorption, and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, hydrosodalite was found to have a high potential as an adsorbent for heavy metal ions which were studied separately using aqueous solutions containing Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Zn²⁺.
There Are (super)Giants in the Sky: Searching for Misidentified Massive Stars in Algorithmically-Selected Quasar Catalogs
Creators: name: Dorn-Wallenstein, Trevor
name: Levesque, Emily
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thanks to incredible advances in instrumentation, surveys like the Sloan Digital Sky Survey have been able to find and catalog billions of objects, ranging from local M dwarfs to distant quasars. Machine learning algorithms have greatly aided in the effort to classify these objects; however, there are regimes where these algorithms fail, where interesting oddities may be found. We present here an X-ray bright quasar misidentified as a red supergiant/X-ray binary, and a subsequent search of the SDSS quasar catalog for X-ray bright stars misidentified as quasars.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Submitted to the Proceedings of the 329th International Astronomical Union Symposium: The Lives and Death-Throes of Massive Stars, X-ray Splinter Session
BARCHAN: Blob Alignment for Robust CHromatographic ANalysis
Creators: name: Couprie, Camille
name: Duval, Laurent
name: Moreaud, Maxime
name: Hénon, Sophie
name: Tebib, Mélinda
name: Souchon, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comprehensive Two dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) plays a central role into the elucidation of complex samples. The automation of the identification of peak areas is of prime interest to obtain a fast and repeatable analysis of chromatograms. To determine the concentration of compounds or pseudo-compounds, templates of blobs are defined and superimposed on a reference chromatogram. The templates then need to be modified when different chromatograms are recorded. In this study, we present a chromatogram and template alignment method based on peak registration called BARCHAN. Peaks are identified using a robust mathematical morphology tool. The alignment is performed by a probabilistic estimation of a rigid transformation along the first dimension, and a non-rigid transformation in the second dimension, taking into account noise, outliers and missing peaks in a fully automated way. Resulting aligned chromatograms and masks are presented on two datasets. The proposed algorithm proves to be fast and reliable. It significantly reduces the time to results for GCxGC analysis.
description: 15 pages, published in the Special issue for RIVA 2016, 40th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography and 13th GCxGC Symposium
Geometry-guided colloidal interactions and self-tiling of elastic dipoles formed by truncated pyramid particles in liquid crystals
Creators: name: Senyuk, Bohdan
name: Liu, Qingkun
name: Bililign, Ephraim
name: Nystrom, Philip D.
name: Smalyukh, Ivan I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The progress of realizing colloidal structures mimicking natural forms of organization in condensed matter is inherently limited by the availability of suitable colloidal building blocks. To enable new forms of crystalline and quasicrystalline self-organization of colloids, we develop truncated pyramidal particles that form nematic elastic dipoles with long-range electrostaticlike and geometry-guided low-symmetry short-range interactions. Using a combination of nonlinear optical imaging, laser tweezers, and video microscopy, we characterize colloidal pair interactions and demonstrate unusual forms of self-tiling of these particles into crystalline, quasicrystalline, and other arrays. Our findings are explained using an electrostatics analogy along with liquid crystal elasticity and symmetry breaking considerations, potentially expanding photonic and electro-optic applications of colloids.
Effect of tetrahedral shapes in heavy and superheavy nuclei
Creators: name: Jachimowicz, P.
name: Kowal, M.
name: Skalski, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We search for effects of tetrahedral deformation $β_{32}$ over a range of $\sim 3000$ heavy and superheavy nuclei, $82\leq Z \leq 126$, using a microscopic-macroscopic model based on the deformed Woods-Saxon potential, well tested in the region. We look for the energy minima with a non-zero tetrahedral distortion, both absolute and conditional - with the quadrupole distortion constrained to zero. In order to assure reliability of our results we include 10 most important deformation parameters in the energy minimization. We could not find any cases of stable tetrahedral shapes. The only sizable - up to 0.7 MeV - lowering of the ground state occurs in superheavy nuclei $Z\geq 120$ for $N=173-188$, as a result of a {\it combined} action of two octupole deformations: $β_{32}$ and $β_{30}$, in the ratio $β_{32}/β_{30}\approx \sqrt{3/5}$. The resulting shapes are moderately oblate, with the superimposed distortion $β_{33}$ {\it with respect to the oblate axis}, which makes the equator of the oblate spheroid slightly triangular. Almost all found conditional minima are excited and not protected by any barrier, a handful of them are degenerate with the axial minima.
description: submitted to PRC
Observation of topological valley modes in an elastic hexagonal lattice
Creators: name: Vila, Javier
name: Pal, Raj K.
name: Ruzzene, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the experimental observation of topologically protected edge waves in a two-dimensional elastic hexagonal lattice. The lattice is designed to feature K point Dirac cones that are well separated from the other numerous elastic wave modes characterizing this continuous structure. We exploit the arrangement of localized masses at the nodes to break mirror symmetry at the unit cell level, which opens a frequency bandgap. This produces a non-trivial band structure that supports topologically protected edge states along the interface between two realizations of the lattice obtained through mirror symmetry. Detailed numerical models support the investigations of the occurrence of the edge states, while their existence is verified through full-field experimental measurements. The test results show the confinement of the topologically protected edge states along pre-defined interfaces and illustrate the lack of significant backscattering at sharp corners. Experiments conducted on a trivial waveguide in an otherwise uniformly periodic lattice reveal the inability of a perturbation to propagate and its sensitivity to backscattering, which suggests the superior waveguiding performance of the class of non-trivial interfaces investigated herein.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, full length article