cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MAGNUM survey: Compact jets causing large turmoil in galaxies -- Enhanced line widths perpendicular to radio jets as tracers of jet-ISM interaction
Creators: name: Venturi, G.
name: Cresci, G.
name: Marconi, A.
name: Mingozzi, M.
name: Nardini, E.
name: Carniani, S.
name: Mannucci, F.
name: Marasco, A.
name: Maiolino, R.
name: Perna, M.
name: Treister, E.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: Gallimore, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Outflows accelerated by AGN are commonly observed in the form of coherent, mildly collimated high-velocity gas directed along the AGN ionisation cones and kinetically powerful (>$10^{44-45}$ erg/s) jets. Recent works found that outflows can also be accelerated by low-power (800-1000 km/s), extended (>1 kpc) and shock-excited emission-line velocity spread perpendicular to the AGN ionisation cones and jets in all four targets. These broad and symmetric line profiles are not associated with a single coherent velocity of the gas, differently from the 'classical' asymmetric-line outflow observed along the ionisation cones and jets. We interpret the observed phenomenon as due to the action of the jets perturbing the gas in the galaxy disc. These intense and extended velocity spreads perpendicular to AGN jets and cones are indeed currently only observed in galaxies hosting a low-power jet whose inclination is sufficiently low with respect to the galaxy disc to impact on and strongly affect its material. In line with cosmological simulations, our results demonstrate that low-power jets are indeed capable of affecting the host galaxy.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures. Astronomy & Astrophysics, in press
COMPTEL Observations of the Gamma-ray Blazars 3C~454.3 and CTA 102 During the CGRO Mission
Creators: name: Zhang, S.
name: Collmar, W.
name: Schonfelder, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the MeV behaviour of the \gray blazars 3C~454.3 and CTA 102 by analyzing all COMPTEL observations of this sky region during the complete CGRO mission. Both sources are detected by COMPTEL at the upper COMPTEL energies; although their flux estimates may be uncertain by possible minor contribution of nearby unidentified EGRET \gray sources. While CTA 102 was only detected at energies above 10 MeV during the early mission, 3C~454.3 is most significantly detected in the COMPTEL 3-10 MeV band in the sum of all data. Time-resolved analyses indicate a weak (near COMPTEL threshold) but likely steady 3-10 MeV emission over years, being independent of the observed time variability at energies above 100 MeV as observed by EGRET. This energy-dependent variability behaviour suggests different emission mechanisms at work at the two bands. Putting the COMPTEL fluxes in multifrequency perspective (radio to \grays), reveals for both sources the typical two-hump blazar spectra, with a low-energy maximum around the IR and a high-energy maximum at MeV energies. The latter one dominates the energy output across the whole electro-magnetic spectrum. The results of our analyses are discussed in the framework of current blazar modeling.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
A Bayesian Method to Mitigate the Effects of Unmodelled Time-Varying Systematics for 21-cm Cosmology Experiments
Creators: name: Kirkham, Christian J.
name: Anstey, Dominic J.
name: Acedo, Eloy de Lera
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio observations of the neutral hydrogen signal from the Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionisation have helped to provide constraints on the properties of the first stars and galaxies. Since this global 21-cm cosmological signal from the Cosmic Dawn is effectively constant on observing timescales and since effects resulting from systematics will vary with time, the effects of these systematics can be mitigated without the need for a model of the systematic. We present a method to account for unmodelled time-varying systematics in 21-cm radio cosmology experiments using a squared-exponential Gaussian process kernel to account for correlations between time bins in a fully Bayesian way. We find by varying the model parameters of a simulated systematic that the Gaussian process method improves our ability to recover the signal parameters by widening the posterior in the presence of a systematic and reducing the bias in the mean fit parameters. When varying the amplitude of a model sinusoidal systematic between 0.25 and 2.00 times the 21-cm signal amplitude and the period between 0.5 and 4.0 times the signal width, we find on average a 5% improvement in the root mean squared error of the fitted signal. We can use the fitted Gaussian process hyperparameters to identify the presence of a systematic in the data, demonstrating the method's utility as a diagnostic tool. Furthermore, we can use Gaussian process regression to calculate a mean fit to the residuals over time, providing a basis for producing a model of the time-varying systematic.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures
Do instabilities in high-multiplicity systems explain the existence of close-in white dwarf planets?
Creators: name: Maldonado, R. F.
name: Villaver, E.
name: Mustill, A. J.
name: Chávez, M.
name: Bertone, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the origin of close-in planets and related phenomena orbiting white dwarfs (WDs), which are thought to originate from orbits more distant from the star. We use the planetary architectures of the 75 multiple-planet systems (four, five and six planets) detected orbiting main-sequence stars to build 750 dynamically analogous templates that we evolve to the WD phase. Our exploration of parameter space, although not exhaustive, is guided and restricted by observations and we find that the higher the multiplicity of the planetary system, the more likely it is to have a dynamical instability (losing planets, orbit crossing and scattering), that eventually will send a planet (or small object) through a close periastron passage. Indeed, the fraction of unstable four- to six-planet simulations is comparable to the 25-50$\%$ fraction of WDs having atmospheric pollution. Additionally, the onset of instability in the four- to six-planet configurations peaks in the first Gyr of the WD cooling time, decreasing thereafter. Planetary multiplicity is a natural condition to explain the presence of close-in planets to WDs, without having to invoke the specific architectures of the system or their migration through the von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai (ZLK) effects from binary companions or their survival through the common envelope phase.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted to MNRAS Letters
Impurities in systems of noninteracting trapped fermions
Creators: name: Dean, David S.
name: Doussal, Pierre Le
name: Majumdar, Satya N.
name: Schehr, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the properties of spin-less non-interacting fermions trapped in a confining potential in one dimension but in the presence of one or more impurities which are modelled by delta function potentials. We use a method based on the single particle Green's function. For a single impurity placed in the bulk, we compute the density of the Fermi gas near the impurity. Our results, in addition to recovering the Friedel oscillations at large distance from the impurity, allow the exact computation of the density at short distances. We also show how the density of the Fermi gas is modified when the impurity is placed near the edge of the trap in the region where the unperturbed system is described by the Airy gas. Our method also allows us to compute the effective potential felt by the impurity both in the bulk and at the edge. In the bulk this effective potential is shown to be a universal function only of the local Fermi wave vector, or equivalently of the local fermion density. When the impurity is placed near the edge of the Fermi gas, the effective potential can be expressed in terms of Airy functions. For an attractive impurity placed far outside the support of the fermion density, we show that an interesting transition occurs where a single fermion is pulled out of the Fermi sea and forms a bound state with the impurity. This is a quantum analogue of the well-known Baik-Ben Arous-Péché (BBP) transition, known in the theory of spiked random matrices. The density at the location of the impurity plays the role of an order parameter. We also consider the case of two impurities in the bulk and compute exactly the effective force between them mediated by the background Fermi gas.
description: 35 pages, 8 figures. Revised version: references added and typos corrected
Dynamical Phase Error in Interacting Topological Quantum Memories
Creators: name: Coopmans, Luuk
name: Dooley, Shane
name: Jubb, Ian
name: Kavanagh, Kevin
name: Kells, Graham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A local Hamiltonian with Topological Quantum Order (TQO) has a robust ground state degeneracy that makes it an excellent quantum memory candidate. This memory can be corrupted however if part of the state leaves the protected ground state manifold and returns later with a dynamically accrued phase error. Here we analyse how TQO suppresses this process and use this to quantify the degree to which spectral densities in different topological sectors are correlated. We provide numerical verification of our results by modelling an interacting p-wave superconducting wire.
description: Accepted Version. 10 pages (including references and appendix), 6 figures
Turing's diffusive threshold in random reaction-diffusion systems
Creators: name: Haas, Pierre A.
name: Goldstein, Raymond E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Turing instabilities of reaction-diffusion systems can only arise if the diffusivities of the chemical species are sufficiently different. This threshold is unphysical in most systems with $N=2$ diffusing species, forcing experimental realizations of the instability to rely on fluctuations or additional nondiffusing species. Here we ask whether this diffusive threshold lowers for $N>2$ to allow "true" Turing instabilities. Inspired by May's analysis of the stability of random ecological communities, we analyze the probability distribution of the diffusive threshold in reaction-diffusion systems defined by random matrices describing linearized dynamics near a homogeneous fixed point. In the numerically tractable cases $N\leqslant 6$, we find that the diffusive threshold becomes more likely to be smaller and physical as $N$ increases and that most of these many-species instabilities cannot be described by reduced models with fewer species.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures; 5 pages of Supplemental Material; revised, expanded, and updated version
The 7 faces of quantum NP
Creators: name: Gharibian, Sevag
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: When it comes to NP, its natural definition, its wide applicability across scientific disciplines, and its timeless relevance, the writing is on the wall: There can be only one. Quantum NP, on the other hand, is clearly the apple that fell far from the tree of NP. Two decades since the first definitions of quantum NP started rolling in, quantum complexity theorists face a stark reality: There's QMA, QCMA, QMA1, QMA(2), StoqMA, and NQP. In this article aimed at a general theoretical computer science audience, I survey these various definitions of quantum NP, their strengths and weaknesses, and why most of them, for better or worse, actually appear to fit naturally into the complexity zoo.
description: 37 pages, 5 figures. To appear as ACM SIGACT News guest column
Additional file 1 of Cholesterol alters mitophagy by impairing optineurin recruitment and lysosomal clearance in Alzheimer’s disease
Creators: name: Roca-Agujetas, Vicente
name: Barbero-Camps, Elisabet
name: Dios, Cristina De
name: Podlesniy, Petar
name: Abadin, Xenia
name: Morales, Albert
name: Marí, Montserrat
name: Trullàs, Ramon
name: Colell, Anna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Upregulated mRNA expression levels of cholesterol-related genes in hippocampus from mice that overexpress SREBF2. Figure S2. Cross-contamination analysis of autophagosomal (F1) and lysosomal (F3) fractions isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Figure S3. Cholesterol enrichment in SH-SY5Y cells prevents mitochondrial lysosomal clearance after Aβ induction of mitophagy. Figure S4. Impaired mitophagy flux in cholesterol-enriched cells incubated with CCCP. Figure S5. Cell Viability of WT and SREBF2 neurons was not affected by the treatment with Aβ, rapamycin or GSH ethyl ester (GSHee). Figure S6. Defective mitophagy in SREBF2 neurons exposed to rapamycin. Figure S7. Mitochondrial membrane potential remains unchanged in cultured primary neurons after Aβ exposure. Figure S8. SREBF2 overexpression in APP-PSEN1 neurons results in an accumulation of mitophagosomes but prevents mitophagy completion. Figure S9. Immunoblot analysis of LC3B levels in mitochondria isolated from brains of WT and APP-PSEN1-SREBF2 mice from 4, 7, and 10 months of age. Figure S10. Quantification of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HP), and cerebellum (CB) from APP-PSEN1-SREBF2 mice analyzed by range of age. Figure S11. Mitochondria from the brains of 7-month-old APP-PSEN1-SREBF2 mice display enriched content of K63 polyubiquitinated proteins. Figure S12. Differential recruitment of autophagy receptors in brains of APP-PSEN1-SREBF2 mice and in cholesterol-enriched SH-SY5Y cells exposed to Aβ. Figure S13. Appearance of OPTN-positive aggregates in CA3-CA2 hippocampal layers concomitant to the neuropathological AD progression. Figure S14. Selective recognition of cholesterol by GST-PFO. Figure S15. Differential cholesterol distribution in hippocampal neurons with the progression of neuropathological AD stages. Figure S16. Uncropped scans of western blots included in Fig. 1. Figure S17. Uncropped scans of western blots included in Fig. 3. Figure S18. Uncropped scans of western blots included in Fig. 4. Figure S19. Uncropped scans of western blots included in Fig. 5.
Phase structure, critical points and susceptibilities in Nambu-Jona-Lasinio type models
Creators: name: de Sousa, C. A
name: Costa, Pedro
name: Ruivo, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the chiral phase transition at finite temperature and chemical potential within SU(2) and SU(3) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio type models. The behavior of the baryon number susceptibility and the specific heat, in the vicinity of the critical end point, is studied. The class of the critical points is analyzed by calculating critical exponents.
description: Talk given at 12th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (Hadron 07), Frascati, Italy, 8-13 Oct 2007
A new channel to form IMBHs throughout cosmic time
Creators: name: Natarajan, Priyamvada
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While the formation of the first black holes at high redshift is reasonably well understood though debated, massive black hole formation at later cosmic epochs has not been adequately explored. We present a gas accretion driven mechanism that can build up black hole masses rapidly in dense, gas-rich nuclear star clusters (NSCs). Wind-fed supra-exponential accretion of an initially wandering black hole in NSCs can lead to extremely fast growth, scaling stellar mass remnant seed black holes up to intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs). Operating throughout cosmic time, growth via this new channel is modulated by the gas supply, and premature termination results in the formation of lower mass black holes with masses in the range of 50 - few 100 solar masses, filling in the so-called mass gap. However, in most gas-rich NSCs, growth is unimpeded, inevitably leading to the formation of IMBHs with masses ranging from 100 - 100,000 solar masses. A spate of new detection spanning the full range of the IMBH mass function - from the LIGO-VIRGO source GW190521 to the emerging population of 10^5 solar mass black holes harbored in low-mass dwarf galaxies - are revealing this elusive population. Naturally accounting for the detected presence of off-center IMBHs in low-mass dwarfs, this new pathway also predicts the existence of an extensive population of wandering non-central black holes in more massive galaxies would be detectable via tidal disruption events and as GW sources. Gas-rich NSCs serve as incubators for the continual formation of black holes over a wide range in mass throughout cosmic time.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure, MNRAS in press
Cherenkov photon detection with the HADES RICH in Au + Au collisions
Creators: name: Kunz, T.
name: Friese, J.
name: Schmidt-Sommerfeld, K.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Analysis of the microstructure of Cosmic Ray air showers using the HADES RPC ToF wall detectors
Creators: name: Garzon, J. A.
name: Kornakov, G.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
First measurement using a nuclear emulsion detector of the $ν_μ$ charged-current cross section on iron around the 1$\,$GeV energy region
Creators: name: Oshima, H.
name: Matsuo, T.
name: Ali, A.
name: Aoki, S.
name: Berns, L.
name: Fukuda, T.
name: Hanaoka, Y.
name: Hayato, Y.
name: Hiramoto, A.
name: Ichikawa, A. K.
name: Kawahara, H.
name: Kikawa, T.
name: Komatani, R.
name: Komatsu, M.
name: Kuretsubo, K.
name: Marushima, T.
name: Matsumoto, H.
name: Mikado, S.
name: Minamino, A.
name: Mizuno, K.
name: Morimoto, Y.
name: Morishima, K.
name: Naganawa, N.
name: Naiki, M.
name: Nakamura, M.
name: Nakamura, Y.
name: Nakano, N.
name: Nakano, T.
name: Nakaya, T.
name: Nishio, A.
name: Odagawa, T.
name: Ogawa, S.
name: Rokujo, H.
name: Sato, O.
name: Shibuya, H.
name: Sugimura, K.
name: Suzui, L.
name: Suzuki, Y.
name: Takagi, H.
name: Takahashi, S.
name: Takao, T.
name: Tanihara, Y.
name: Watanabe, R.
name: Yamada, K.
name: Yasutome, K.
name: Yokoyama, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have carried out $ν_μ$ charged-current interaction measurement on iron using an emulsion detector exposed to the T2K neutrino beam in the J-PARC neutrino facility. The data samples correspond to 4.0$\times$10$^{19}$ protons on target, and the neutrino mean energy is 1.49$\,$GeV. The emulsion detector is suitable for precision measurements of charged particles produced in neutrino-iron interactions with a low momentum threshold thanks to thin-layered structure and sub-$μ$m spatial resolution. The charged particles are successfully detected, and their multiplicities are measured using the emulsion detector. The cross section was measured to be $σ^{\mathrm{Fe}}_{\mathrm{CC}} = (1.28 \pm 0.11({\mathrm{stat.}})^{+0.12}_{-0.11}({\mathrm{syst.}})) \times 10^{-38} \, {\mathrm{cm}}^{2}/{\mathrm{nucleon}}$. The cross section in a limited kinematic phase space of induced muons, $θ_μ < 45^{\circ}$ and $p_μ > 400 \, {\rm MeV}/c$, on iron was $σ^{\mathrm{Fe}}_{\mathrm{CC \hspace{1mm} phase \hspace{0.5mm} space}} = (0.84 \pm 0.07({\mathrm{stat.}})^{+0.07}_{-0.06}({\mathrm{syst.}})) \times 10^{-38} \, {\mathrm{cm}}^{2}/{\mathrm{nucleon}}$. The cross-section results are consistent with previous values obtained via different techniques using the same beamline, and they are well reproduced by current neutrino interaction models. These results demonstrate the capability of the detector towards the detailed measurements of the neutrino-nucleus interactions around the 1$\,$GeV energy region.
description: 27 pages, 17 figures
Additional file 3 of Endotheliopathy in septic conditions: mechanistic insight into intravascular coagulation
Creators: name: Ito, Takashi
name: Kakuuchi, Midori
name: Ikuro Maruyama
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 3. Supplementary methods for in vitro experiments.
Cosmological Structures behind the Milky Way
Creators: name: Kraan-Korteweg, Renee C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper provides an update to the review on extragalactic large-scale structures uncovered in the Zone of Avoidance (ZOA) by Kraan-Korteweg & Lahav 2000, in particular in the Great Attractor region. Emphasis is given to the penetration of the ZOA with the in 2003 released NIR 2MASX Catalog. The distribution is little affected by the foreground dust. Galaxies can be identified to extinction levels of over A(B) < 10m except in the wider Galactic Bulge region (see Fig. 9) where star density is a strong delimiting factor. The shape of the NIR-ZOA is quite asymmetric due to Galactic features such as spiral arms and the Bulge, something that should not be ignored when using NIR samples for studies such as dipole determinations. Results are presented from the deep blind HI ZOA survey performed with the Multibeam Receiver at the Parkes telescope (v < 12700km/s). The distribution of the roughly one thousand discovered spiral galaxies in the optically and NIR impenetratable part of the ZOA clearly depict the prominence of the Norma Supercluster. With the optically identified galaxies in the ZOA, a picture emerges that bears a striking resemblance to the Coma cluster in the Great Wall: the rich Norma cluster (ACO 3627) lies within a great-wall like structure that can be traced at the redshift range of the cluster over 90dg on the sky, with two foreground filaments - reminiscent of the legs in the famous stick man - that merge in an overdensity at slightly lower redshifts around the radio galaxy PKS 1343-601 (see Figs. 14 & 16). (abridged)
description: Invited Review at the joint conference of the Czech Astron. Society and the Astron. Gesellschaft. To appear in Reviews in Modern Astronomy 18, on ``From Cosmological Structures to the Milky Way'', ed. S. Roeser, 30pages, 16 ps-figures. Full resolution gzipped ps-version (16Mb) available at http://mensa.ast.uct.ac.za/~kraan/AGreview/AGreview.ps.gz
Majorana entropy revival via tunneling phases
Creators: name: Smirnov, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring the Majorana entropy $S_M=k_B\log(2^\frac{1}{2})$ may uniquely reveal whether an initial equilibrium state of a nanoscale device is of Majorana nature and subsequent operations deal with an essentially nonlocal pair of non-Abelian Majorana bound states and not with trivial or other accidental non-Abelian states. However, in realistic setups both Majorana modes are inevitably involved in tunneling processes. We show that even when the tunneling amplitude of one Majorana mode is significantly suppressed, the Majorana entropy ruins and straightforward experiments will in general detect entropy $S\ll S_M$. To avoid this general problem we present a mechanism of the Majorana entropy revival via the tunneling phases of the Majorana modes and demonstrate that to successfully observe the universal Majorana plateau $S=S_M$ one should intelligently tune the tunneling phases instead of leaving them uncontrolled. Practical feasibility of appropriate Majorana entropy measurements is supported by an example with parameters well achievable in modern labs.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Diffusive shock acceleration at oblique high Mach number shocks
Creators: name: Marle, Allard Jan van
name: Bohdan, Artem
name: Morris, Paul
name: Pohl, Martin
name: Marcowith, Alexandre
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2021

description: The current paradigm of cosmic ray (CR) origin states that the most part of galactic CRs is produced by supernova remnants. The interaction of supernova ejecta with the interstellar medium after supernova's explosions results in shocks responsible for CR acceleration via diffusive shock acceleration (DSA). We use particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations and a combined PIC-magnetohydrodynamic (PIC-MHD) technique to investigate whether DSA can occur in oblique high Mach number shocks. Using the PIC method, we follow the formation of the shock and determine the fraction of the particles that gets involved in DSA. Then, with this result, we use PIC-MHD simulations to model the large-scale structure of the plasma and the magnetic field surrounding the shock and find out whether or not the reflected particles can generate the upstream turbulence and trigger DSA. We find that the feasibility of this process in oblique shocks depends strongly on the Alfvenic Mach number, and the DSA process is more likely triggered at high Mach number shocks.
Value from free text: An active learning approach
Creators: name: Salo, Erik
name: McMillan, David
name: Connor, Richard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Text mining
O&M
Wind energy
Work orders

description: This is a presentation from WESC 2019 mini-symposium 8.1b on Artificial intelligence and big data. This presentation gives an overview of the O&M insights and value contained in free text maintenance records and highlights some of the issues that prevent operators from exploiting this value analytically. A text mining methodology is described to help operators overcome these issues and save up to 90% analysis time. The focus of the research was on involving real wind farm data analysts in the software prototyping process and create a solution that is both analytically effective as well as user-oriented and accessible for an operator. (Please note that a whiteboard was used to illustrate part of the methodology, which is not covered in the slide pack.)
Fast and simple unrooted dynamic forests
Creators: name: Berendsohn, Benjamin Aram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A dynamic forest data structure maintains a forest (and associated data like edge weights) under edge insertions and deletions. Dynamic forests are widely used to solve online and offline graph problems. Well-known examples of dynamic forest data structures are link-cut trees [Sleator and Tarjan '83] and top trees [Alstrup, Holm, de Lichtenberg, and Thorup '05], both of which need O(log n) time per operation. While top trees are more flexible and arguably easier to use, link-cut trees are faster in practice [Tarjan and Werneck '10].
 In this paper, we propose an alternative to link-cut trees. Our data structure is based on search trees on trees (STTs, also known as elimination trees) and an STT algorithm [Berendsohn and Kozma '22] based on the classical Splay trees [Sleator and Tarjan '85]. While link-cut trees maintain a hierarchy of binary search trees, we maintain a single STT. Most of the complexity of our data structure lies in the implementation of the STT rotation primitive, which can easily be reused, simplifying the development of new STT-based approaches.
 We implement several variants of our data structure in the Rust programming language, along with an implementation of link-cut trees for comparison. Experimental evaluation suggests that our algorithms are faster when the dynamic forest is unrooted, while link-cut trees are faster for rooted dynamic forests.
Interpretation of Coupled-Cluster Many-Electron Dynamics in Terms of Stationary States
Creators: name: Pedersen, Thomas Bondo
name: Kristiansen, Håkon Emil
name: Bodenstein, Tilmann
name: Kvaal, Simen
name: Schøyen, Øyvind Sigmundson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate theoretically and numerically that laser-driven many-electron dynamics, as described by bivariational time-dependent coupled-cluster theory, may be analyzed in terms of stationary-state populations. Projectors heuristically defined from linear response theory and equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory are proposed for the calculation of stationary-state populations during interaction with laser pulses or other external forces, and conservation laws of the populations are discussed. Numerical tests of the proposed projectors, involving both linear and nonlinear optical processes for the He and Be atoms, and for the LiH, CH$^+$, and LiF molecules, show that the laser-driven evolution of the stationary-state populations at the coupled-cluster singles-and-doubles (CCSD) level is very close to that obtained by full configuration-interaction theory provided all stationary states actively participating in the dynamics are sufficiently well approximated. When double-excited states are important for the dynamics, the quality of the CCSD results deteriorate. Observing that populations computed from the linear-response projector may show spurious small-amplitude, high-frequency oscillations, the equation-of-motion projector emerges as the most promising approach to stationary-state populations.
description: 58 pages, 14 figures
Gas distribution, kinematics and star formation in faint dwarf galaxies
Creators: name: Begum, Ayesha
name: Chengalur, Jayaram. N.
name: Karachentsev, I. D.
name: Kaisin, S. S.
name: Sharina, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the gas distribution, kinematics and the current star formation in a sample of 10 very faint (-13.37 < M_B < -9.55) dwarf galaxies. For 5 of these galaxies we present fresh, high sensitivity, GMRT HI 21cm observations. For all our galaxies we construct maps of the HI column density at a constant linear resolution of ~300 pc; this forms an excellent data set to check for the presence of a threshold column density for star formation. We find that while current star formation (as traced by Halpha emission) is confined to regions with relatively large (N_HI > (0.4 -1.7) X 10^{21} atoms cm^{-2}) HI column density, the morphology of the Halpha emission is in general not correlated with that of the high HI column density gas. Thus, while high column density gas may be necessary for star formation, in this sample at least, it is not sufficient to ensure that star formation does in fact occur. We examine the line profiles of the HI emission, but do not find a simple relation between regions with complex line profiles and those with on-going star formation. Finally, we examine the very fine scale (~20-100 pc) distribution of the HI gas, and find that at these scales the emission exhibits a variety of shell like, clumpy and filamentary features. The Halpha emission is sometimes associated with high density HI clumps, sometimes the Halpha emission lies inside a high density shell, and sometimes there is no correspondence between the Halpha emission and the HI clumps. In summary, the interplay between star formation and gas density in these galaxy does not seem to show the simple large scale patterns observed in brighter galaxies (abridged).
description: 15 pages, 6 tables, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Tracking pions with CERBEROS at the HADES spectrometer
Creators: name: Wirth, J.
name: Fabbietti, L.
name: Lalik, R.
name: Maier, L.
name: Scordo, A.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Frequency control of photonic crystal membrane resonators by mono-layer deposition
Creators: name: Strauf, Stefan
name: Rakher, Matthew T.
name: Carmeli, Itai
name: Hennessy, Kevin
name: Meier, Cedrik
name: Badolato, Antonio
name: DeDood, Michiel J. A.
name: Petroff, Pierre M.
name: Hu, Evelyn L.
name: Gwynn, Beth
name: Bouwmeester, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the response of GaAs photonic crystal membrane resonators to thin film deposition. Slow spectral shifts of the cavity mode of several nanometers are observed at low temperatures, caused by cryo-gettering of background molecules. Heating the membrane resets the drift and shielding will prevent drift altogether. In order to explore the drift as a tool to detect surface layers, or to intentionally shift the cavity resonance frequency, we studied the effect of self-assembled monolayers of polypeptide molecules attached to the membranes. The 2 nm thick monolayers lead to a discrete step in the resonance frequency and partially passivate the surface.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Appl. Phys. Lett
Optimization of the HADES secondary pion beam spectrometer
Creators: name: Ramstein, B.
name: Atomssa, E.
name: Hennino, T.
name: Hijazi, L.
name: Koenig, W.
name: Biernat, J.
name: Salabura, P.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Toy Model for a Relational Formulation of Quantum Theory
Creators: name: Poulin, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the absence of an external frame of reference physical degrees of freedom must describe relations between systems. Using a simple model, we investigate how such a relational quantum theory naturally arises by promoting reference systems to the status of dynamical entities. Our goal is to demonstrate using elementary quantum theory how any quantum mechanical experiment admits a purely relational description at a fundamental level, from which the original "non-relational" theory emerges in a semi-classical limit. According to this thesis, the non-relational theory is therefore an approximation of the fundamental relational theory. We propose four simple rules that can be used to translate an "orthodox" quantum mechanical description into a relational description, independent of an external spacial reference frame or clock. The techniques used to construct these relational theories are motivated by a Bayesian approach to quantum mechanics, and rely on the noiseless subsystem method of quantum information science used to protect quantum states against undesired noise. The relational theory naturally predicts a fundamental decoherence mechanism, so an arrow of time emerges from a time-symmetric theory. Moreover, there is no need for a "collapse of the wave packet" in our model: the probability interpretation is only applied to diagonal density operators. Finally, the physical states of the relational theory can be described in terms of "spin networks" introduced by Penrose as a combinatorial description of geometry, and widely studied in the loop formulation of quantum gravity. Thus, our simple bottom-up approach (starting from the semi-classical limit to derive the fully relational quantum theory) may offer interesting insights on the low energy limit of quantum gravity.
description: References added, extended discussion
Additional file 1 of Patient and public involvement prior to trial initiation: lessons learnt for rapid partnership in the COVID-19 era
Creators: name: Jamal, Zahra
name: Perkins, Alexander
name: Allen, Christopher
name: Evans, Richard
name: Sturgess, Joanna
name: Snowdon, Claire
name: Clayton, Tim
name: Elbourne, Diana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Daily participant diary. Daily patient diary for participants to use to monitor their symptoms.
A diamond start detector array for the HADES pion beam
Creators: name: Koenig, W.
name: Pietraszko, J.
name: Chlad, L.
name: Rost, A.
name: Träger, M.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Pulsar wind zone processes in LS 5039
Creators: name: Sierpowska-Bartosik, Agnieszka
name: Torres, Diego F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several $γ$-ray binaries have been recently detected by the High-Energy Stereoscopy Array (H.E.S.S.) and the Major Atmospheric Imaging Cerenkov (MAGIC) telescope. In at least two cases, their nature is unknown. In this paper we aim to provide the details of a theoretical model of close $γ$-ray binaries containing a young energetic pulsar as compact object, earlier presented in recent Letters. This model includes a detailed account of the system geometry, the angular dependence of processes such as Klein-Nishina inverse Compton and $γγ$ absorption in the anisotropic radiation field of the massive star, and a Monte Carlo simulation of leptonic cascading. We present and derive the used formulae and give all details about their numerical implementation, particularly, on the computation of cascades. In this model, emphasis is put in the processes occurring in the pulsar wind zone of the binary, since, as we show, opacities in this region can be already important for close systems. We provide a detailed study on all relevant opacities and geometrical dependencies along the orbit of binaries, exemplifying with the case of LS 5039. This is used to understand the formation of the very high-energy lightcurve and phase dependent spectrum. For the particular case of LS 5039, we uncover an interesting behavior of the magnitude representing the shock position in the direction to the observer along the orbit, and analyze its impact in the predictions. We show that in the case of LS 5039, the H.E.S.S. phenomenology is matched by the presented model, and explore the reasons why this happens while discussing future ways of testing the model.
description: 62 pages, 31 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics. Results unchanged from previous version, more discussion added
MUMTOZ  SHE'RIYATDA  UCHRAYDIGAN   OY, YULDUZ, QUYOSH TIMSOLLARINING SHAXS QIYOFASIDA  TIMSOLLANISHI
Creators: name: Jabborova, Malohat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Maqolada Amiriy, Gadoiy, Bobur, Ogahiy  ijodida uchraydigan oy, quyosh, yulduz timsollarining shaxs qiyofalarini gavdalantirishdagi badiiy mahorat masalalari hamda unda qo‘llanilgan badiiy san’atlar, poetik chizgilar o‘rganildi, tahlilga tortildi.
Simulating Photodissociation Reactions in Bad Cavities with the Lindblad Equation
Creators: name: Davidsson, Eric
name: Kowalewski, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical cavities, e.g. as used in organic polariton experiments, often employ low finesse mirrors or plasmonic structures. The photon lifetime in these setups is comparable to the timescale of the nuclear dynamics governing the photochemistry. This highlights the need for including the effect of dissipation in the molecular simulations. In this study, we perform wave packet dynamics with the Lindblad master equation, to study the effect of a finite photon lifetime on the dissociation of the MgH$^+$ molecule model system. Photon lifetimes of several different orders of magnitude are considered to encompass an ample range of effects inherent to lossy cavities.
Phenomenology of non-universal gaugino masses in supersymmetric grand unified theories
Creators: name: Huitu, Katri
name: Laamanen, Jari
name: Pandita, Pran N.
name: Roy, Sourov
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Grand unified theories can lead to non-universal boundary conditions for the gaugino masses at the unification scale. We consider the implications of such non-universal boundary conditions for the composition of the lightest neutralino as well as for the upper bound on its mass in the simplest supersymmetric grand unified theory based on the SU(5) gauge group. We derive sum rules for neutralino and chargino masses in different representations of SU(5) which lead to different non-universal boundary conditions for the gaugino masses at the unification scale. We also consider the phenomenological implications of the non-universal gaugino masses arising from a grand unified theory in the context of Large Hadron Collider. In particular we investigate the detection of heavy neutral Higgs bosons $H^0, A^0$ from $H^0, A^0 \to \tildeχ_2^0 \tildeχ_2^0 \to 4l $, and study the possibilities of detecting the neutral Higgs bosons in cascade decays, including the decays $\tildeχ_i^0 \to h^0 (H^0, A^0) \tildeχ_1^0 \to b\bar{b} \tildeχ_1^0$.
description: 24 pages, uses psrfrag. Typo in Eq. (15) corrected. Added more detailed discussion about non-universality in SUSY SU(5). Parameter space and RGE loop level indicated more clearly. Added a few references. Version to be published in Phys. Rev. D
Development of Fuzzy Logic Controlled Hydroponic System for Home Cultivating Sweet Basil
Creators: name: Kim, Jung-Sun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 91302 Automation and Control Engineering
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 99901 Agricultural Engineering
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: · Controlling light quality by fuzzy logic control based on three growth stages. · Assessing fuzzy logic by Pearson’s correlation coefficients. · Comparing results of simulation to those of actual operation. · Designing an automatic cultivation system targeting a specific species.
Eta photoproduction off the neutron at GRAAL
Creators: name: Kuznetsov, V.
name: Bartalini, O.
name: Bellini, V.
name: Castoldi, M.
name: D'Angelo, A.
name: Didelez, J. -P.
name: Di Salvo, R.
name: Fantini, A.
name: Franco, D.
name: Gervino, G.
name: Ghio, F.
name: Girolami, B.
name: Giusa, A.
name: Guidal, M.
name: Hourany, E.
name: Kunne, R.
name: Lapik, A.
name: Sandri, P. Levi
name: Moricciani, D.
name: Nicoletti, L.
name: Randieri, C.
name: Rudnev, N.
name: Russo, G.
name: Schaerf, C.
name: Sperduto, M. -L.
name: Sutera, M. -C.
name: Turinge, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gamma n -> eta n quasi-free cross section reveals a resonant structure at W ~ 1.675 GeV. This structure may be a manifestation of a baryon resonance. A priori its properties, the possibly narrow width and the strong photocoupling to the neutron, look surprising. This structure may also signal the existence of a narrow state.
description: To appear in Proceedings of Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons NSTAR2005, 12 - 15 October 2005, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
Plasmon mechanism of light transmission through a metal film or a plasma layer
Creators: name: Bliokh, Yu. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that a smooth metal film (or a plasma layer) can be made transparent for an electromagnetic wave when two identical subwavelength diffraction gratings are placed on both sides of the film. The electromagnetic wave transmission through the metal film is caused by excitation of evanescent surface waves (plasmons) and their transformation into propagating waves at the gratings. A model which is developed analytically shows that the problem of the wave transmission is physically equivalent to the problem of excitation of two coupled resonators of evanescent waves which are formed at the two film surfaces.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, minor corrections, Opt. Communications, in press
Nonlinear dynamics of Bose-condensed gases by means of a low- to high-density variational approach
Creators: name: Nicolin, Alexandru I.
name: Carretero-Gonzalez, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a versatile variational method to investigate the spatio-temporal dynamics of one-dimensional magnetically-trapped Bose-condensed gases. To this end we employ a \emph{q}-Gaussian trial wave-function that interpolates between the low- and the high-density limit of the ground state of a Bose-condensed gas. Our main result consists of reducing the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, a nonlinear partial differential equation describing the T=0 dynamics of the condensate, to a set of only three equations: \emph{two coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations} describing the phase and the curvature of the wave-function and \emph{a separate algebraic equation} yielding the generalized width. Our equations recover those of the usual Gaussian variational approach (in the low-density regime), and the hydrodynamic equations that describe the high-density regime. Finally, we show a detailed comparison between the numerical results of our equations and those of the original Gross-Pitaevskii equation.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. A, January 2008