cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fast and energy-efficient neuromorphic deep learning with first-spike times
Creators: name: Göltz, Julian
name: Kriener, Laura
name: Baumbach, Andreas
name: Billaudelle, Sebastian
name: Breitwieser, Oliver
name: Cramer, Benjamin
name: Dold, Dominik
name: Kungl, Akos Ferenc
name: Senn, Walter
name: Schemmel, Johannes
name: Meier, Karlheinz
name: Petrovici, Mihai Alexandru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: For a biological agent operating under environmental pressure, energy consumption and reaction times are of critical importance. Similarly, engineered systems are optimized for short time-to-solution and low energy-to-solution characteristics. At the level of neuronal implementation, this implies achieving the desired results with as few and as early spikes as possible. With time-to-first-spike coding both of these goals are inherently emerging features of learning. Here, we describe a rigorous derivation of a learning rule for such first-spike times in networks of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons, relying solely on input and output spike times, and show how this mechanism can implement error backpropagation in hierarchical spiking networks. Furthermore, we emulate our framework on the BrainScaleS-2 neuromorphic system and demonstrate its capability of harnessing the system's speed and energy characteristics. Finally, we examine how our approach generalizes to other neuromorphic platforms by studying how its performance is affected by typical distortive effects induced by neuromorphic substrates.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures
A new model for transformative agreements and its implementation by a small publisher: enhancing a smooth transition to open access
Creators: name: Schönfelder, Nina
name: de Looper, Anke
name: Stavenga, Marten
Publisher: name: Bielefeld University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 020
subject: Open Access
subject: Transformative Agreement

description: A new transformative model is needed because conventional Read & Publish agreements do not best serve the needs of libraries and publishers in transforming budgets and revenues, respectively, from subscriptions to Open Access. Nina Schönfelder will present the “smooth transition model”, an advanced model, which is responsive to the progress in the transition. Anke de Looper and Marten Stavenga will present its implementation by a commercial publisher, highly specialized in linguistics. Their transformative agreement offers a gradual shift from subscription-based to publication-based charges for both publisher and libraries. The offer as well as the uptake by libraries will be discussed.
Study on the patterns of COVID-19 prevention and control in China: An empirical analysis on prefecture-level governments
Creators: name: Luo, Yifan
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: COVID-19; Targeted Contorl; Smart City

description: In order to deal with the ongoing threat of the COVID-19 pandemic, China has adopted the “Normalized Epidemic Prevention and Control Requirements” measures in the last two years. This study investigates the effect of smart city projects on the patterns of COVID-19 prevention and control in China’s prefecture-level governments. Using an original prefecture-level data between 2020 and 2021, I show that, after the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, prefecturelevel governments with a higher level of smart city construction adopt more targeted measures towards the COVID-19 pandemic under mild outbreaks, but show no significant difference under severe outbreaks.
The reconstruction of dark energy with Ridge Regression Approach
Creators: name: Huang, Long
name: Yang, Xiaofeng
name: Liu, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It may be determined by non-parametric method if the dark energy evolves with time. We propose a method of combining PCA and biased estimation on the basis of ridge regression analysis to reconstruct parameters, meanwhile we present an interesting principal component selection criterion to avoid the arbitrariness of principal component selections, and use numerical integral by Lagrange interpolation to linearize the luminosity distance integral formula in nearly flat space to avoid instability of derivative for functional data. We get the preliminary test results that shows if $Δ\overline w (z) = \overline {\left| {1 + w(z)} \right|} <=0.05$ included $w(z) = -1$, the probability of making a type I error for ${w_{recon}} \ne -1$ is almost zero ($1\% $) in the test; otherwise, if $Δ\overline w (z) = \overline {\left| {1 + w(z)} \right|} > 0.05$, the probability of making a type I error for ${w_{recon}} = -1$ is not more than $10\% $. Finally, we use JLA sample to reconstruct $w(z)$, and the results reject ${\rm{w(z) }} \ne {\rm{ - 1}}$, which is agreement with $ΛCDM$ model.
title: Posttraumatic neuroma of the tibial nerve
Creators: name: Maric, Daliborka
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology peripheral nerve
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: MR
subject: Education
subject: Trauma

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure Details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of this article is : to evaluate and describe the physiopathology of traumatic peripheral nerve injury, considers the most used classification. to present characteristic case of posttraumatic peripheral nerve injuries. to illustrate and...
Moiré Flat Bands of Twisted Few-layer Graphite
Creators: name: Ma, Zhen
name: Li, Shuai
name: Xiao, Meng-Meng
name: Zheng, Ya-Wen
name: Lu, Ming
name: Liu, HaiWen
name: Gao, Jin-Hua
name: Xie, X. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report that the twisted few layer graphite (tFL-graphite) is a new family of moiré heterostructures (MHSs), which has richer and highly tunable moiré flat band structures entirely distinct from all the known MHSs. A tFL-graphite is composed of two few-layer graphite (Bernal stacked multilayer graphene), which are stacked on each other with a small twisted angle. The moiré band structure of the tFL-graphite strongly depends on the layer number of its composed two van der Waals layers. Near the magic angle, a tFL-graphite always has two nearly flat bands coexisting with a few pairs of narrowed dispersive (parabolic or linear) bands at the Fermi level, thus, enhances the DOS at $E_F$. This coexistence property may also enhance the possible superconductivity as been demonstrated in other multiband superconductivity systems. Therefore, we expect strong multiband correlation effects in tFL-graphite. Meanwhile, a proper perpendicular electric field can induce several isolated nearly flat bands with nonzero valley Chern number in some simple tFL-graphites, indicating that tFL-graphite is also a novel topological flat band system.
description: Submitted version,supplementary materials are added
Relative Error Streaming Quantiles
Creators: name: Cormode, Graham
name: Karnin, Zohar
name: Liberty, Edo
name: Thaler, Justin
name: Veselý, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.2

description: Estimating ranks, quantiles, and distributions over streaming data is a central task in data analysis and monitoring. Given a stream of $n$ items from a data universe equipped with a total order, the task is to compute a sketch (data structure) of size polylogarithmic in $n$. Given the sketch and a query item $y$, one should be able to approximate its rank in the stream, i.e., the number of stream elements smaller than or equal to $y$. Most works to date focused on additive $\varepsilon n$ error approximation, culminating in the KLL sketch that achieved optimal asymptotic behavior. This paper investigates multiplicative $(1\pm\varepsilon)$-error approximations to the rank. Practical motivation for multiplicative error stems from demands to understand the tails of distributions, and hence for sketches to be more accurate near extreme values. The most space-efficient algorithms due to prior work store either $O(\log(\varepsilon^2 n)/\varepsilon^2)$ or $O(\log^3(\varepsilon n)/\varepsilon)$ universe items. We present a randomized sketch storing $O(\log^{1.5}(\varepsilon n)/\varepsilon)$ items that can $(1\pm\varepsilon)$-approximate the rank of each universe item with high constant probability; this space bound is within an $O(\sqrt{\log(\varepsilon n)})$ factor of optimal. Our algorithm does not require prior knowledge of the stream length and is fully mergeable, rendering it suitable for parallel and distributed computing environments.
description: Final version of the paper to appear in Journal of the ACM. Compared to the previous version, we removed any restrictions on the accuracy parameters in the main result and thoroughly revised the paper. 48 pages, 2 figures
Dynamos at extreme magnetic Prandtl numbers: Insights from shell models
Creators: name: Verma, Mahendra K.
name: Kumar, Rohit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an MHD shell model suitable for computation of various energy fluxes of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence for very small and very large magnetic Prandtl numbers $\mathrm{Pm}$; such computations are inaccessible to direct numerical simulations. For small $\mathrm{Pm}$, we observe that both kinetic and magnetic energy spectra scale as $k^{-5/3}$ in the inertial range, but the dissipative magnetic energy scales as $k^{-11/3}\exp(-k/k_η)$. Here, the kinetic energy at large length scale feeds the large-scale magnetic field that cascades to small-scale magnetic field, which gets dissipated by Joule heating. The large-$\mathrm{Pm}$ dynamo has a similar behaviour except that the dissipative kinetic energy scales as $k^{-13/3}$. For this case, the large-scale velocity field transfers energy to the large-scale magnetic field, which gets transferred to small-scale velocity and magnetic fields; the energy of the small-scale magnetic field also gets transferred to the small-scale velocity field, and the energy thus accumulated is dissipated by the viscous force.
description: 27 pages, 14 figures
title: Acetabular Fractures: What Every Radiologist Needs to Know
Creators: name: Srikanthan, Ahagasthikan
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Trauma
subject: Acute
subject: Surgery
subject: Complications
subject: MR
subject: Digital radiography
subject: CT
subject: Trauma
subject: Pelvis
subject: Musculoskeletal bone

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure Details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: To understand important radiographic and CT features of acetabular fractures. To understand how different mechanisms, including low energy injuries, can result in characteristic fracture patterns. To view examples of common acetabular fractures in...
Tumor Evolution in Two Patients with Basal-like Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Genomics Study of Multiple Metastases
Creators: name: Perou, Charles M.
name: Wilson, Richard K.
name: Siegel, Marni B.
name: Hoadley, Katherine A.
name: Kanchi, Krishna L.
name: He, Xiaping
name: Fulton, Robert S.
name: Wendl, Michael C.
name: Carey, Lisa A.
name: Mardis, Elaine R.
name: Ding, Li
name: Zhao, Wei
name: Parker, Joel S.
name: Demeter, Ryan T.
name: Miller, Christopher A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Metastasis is the main cause of cancer patient deaths and remains a poorly characterized process. It is still unclear when in tumor progression the ability to metastasize arises and whether this ability is inherent to the primary tumor or is acquired well after primary tumor formation. Next-generation sequencing and analytical methods to define clonal heterogeneity provide a means for identifying genetic events and the temporal relationships between these events in the primary and metastatic tumors within an individual.
Massive 4D Abelian 2-Form Theory: Nilpotent Symmetries from the (Anti-)Chiral Superfield Approach
Creators: name: Kumar, S.
name: Chauhan, B.
name: Tripathi, A.
name: Malik, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the off-shell nilpotent (anti-)BRST symmetry transformations by exploiting the (anti-)chiral superfield approach (ACSA) to Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) formalism for the four (3+1)-dimensional (4D) St$\ddot{u}$ckelberg-modified massive Abelian 2-form gauge theory. We perform exactly similar kind of exercise for the derivation of the off-shell nilpotent (anti-)co-BRST symmetry transformations, too. In the above derivations, the symmetry invariant restrictions on the superfields play very important and decisive roles. To prove the sanctity of the above nilpotent symmetries, we generalize our 4D ordinary theory (defined on the 4D flat Minkowskian spacetime manifold) to its counterparts (4,1)-dimensional (anti-)chiral super sub-manifolds of the (4,2)-dimensional supermanifold which is parameterized by the superspace coordinates $Z^{M} = (x^μ,θ, \barθ ) $ where $x^μ( μ= 0,1,2,3 )$ are the bosonic coordinates and a pair of Grassmannian variables $(θ, \barθ)$ are fermionic: ($θ^{2} = \bar{θ^{2}} = 0, \,\,θ\,\barθ +\barθ\,θ= 0$) in nature. One of the novel observations of our present endeavor is the derivation of the Curci-Ferrari (CF) type restrictions from the requirement of the symmetry invariance of the coupled (but equivalent) Lagrangian densities for our theory within the framework of ACSA to BRST formalism. We also exploit the standard techniques of ACSA to capture the off-shell nilpotency and absolute anticommutativity of the conserved (anti-)BRST as well as the (anti-)co-BRST charges. In a subtle manner, the proof of the absolute anticommutativity of the above conserved charges also implies the existence of the appropriate CF-type restrictions on our theory.
description: LaTeX file, 55 pages, minor changes in the title and text, version to appear in IJMPA
title: Muscle Ultrasound evaluation: Physical principles, standard procedures, advanced technologies and practical advice
Creators: name: Forzoni, Leonardo
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Education and training
subject: Education
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Biopsy
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Elastography
subject: Ultrasound physics
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure Details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: Description of the clinical role of Muscle Ultrasound (MUS) and illustration of the physical and technical requirements for accurate...
Critical Perturbations for Second Order Elliptic Operators. Part I: Square function bounds for layer potentials
Creators: name: Bortz, Simon
name: Hofmann, Steve
name: Garcia, José Luis Luna
name: Mayboroda, Svitlana
name: Poggi, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This is the first part of a series of two papers where we study perturbations of divergence form second order elliptic operators $-\mathop{\operatorname{div}} A \nabla$ by first and zero order terms, whose coefficients lie in critical spaces, via the method of layer potentials. In particular, we show that the $L^2$ well-posedness of the Dirichlet, Neumann and Regularity problems for complex Hermitian, block form, or constant-coefficient divergence form elliptic operators in the upper half-space are all stable under such perturbations. For instance, this allows us to claim the first results in the setting of an unbounded domain concerning the solvability of boundary value problems for the magnetic Schrödinger operator $-(\nabla-i{\bf a})^2+V$ when the magnetic potential ${\bf a}$ and the electric potential $V$ are accordingly small in the norm of a scale-invariant Lebesgue space. In the present paper, we establish $L^2$ control of the square function via a vector-valued $Tb$ theorem and abstract layer potentials, and use these square function bounds to obtain uniform slice bounds for solutions. The existence and uniqueness of solutions, as well as bounds for the non-tangential maximal operator, are considered in the upcoming paper.
description: 71 pages, corrected some typographical errors
Far-Away-From-Equilibrium Quantum Critical Conformal Dynamics: Reversibility, Thermalization, and Hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Maki, Jeff
name: Zhou, Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generic far-away-from-equilibrium many-body dynamics involve entropy production, and hence are thermodynamically irreversible. Near quantum critical points, an emergent conformal symmetry can impose strong constraints on entropy production rates, and in some cases completely forbid entropy production, which usually occurs for systems that deviate from quantum critical points. In this article, we illustrate how the vanishing entropy production near a quantum critical point results in reversible far-away-from-equilibrium dynamics at finite temperatures that are otherwise irreversible. Away from the quantum critical point, the quantum dynamics are damped, and our analysis directly relates the thermalization time scale to the hydrodynamic viscosity near quantum critical points with dynamical critical exponent $z=2$. We demonstrate how both controllable reversible and irreversible dynamics can be potentially studied in cold gas experiments using Feshbach resonances.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Three small results on normal first countable linearly H-closed spaces
Creators: name: Baillif, Mathieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54D20

description: We use topological consequences of PFA, MA$_{ω_1}$(S)[S] and PFA(S)[S] proved by other authors to show that normal first countable linearly H-closed spaces with various additionals properties are compact in these models.
description: 6 pages
title: Posterior Interosseous Nerve entrapment at the distal edge of the supinator muscle: US evaluation
Creators: name: Martinoli, Carlo
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Image verification
subject: Surgery
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Neuroradiology peripheral nerve
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: At the elbow level, the radial nerve splits into the radial sensory nerve and the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) proximal to the supinator muscle. The PIN is predominantly motor and, passes beneath several potential compressing structures as it...
A comparison of Selective Aortic Arch Perfusion and Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta for the management of hemorrhage-induced traumatic cardiac arrest: A translational model in large swine
Creators: name: Cox, Jennifer M.
name: Manning, James E.
name: Barnard, Ed B. G.
name: Rall, Jason M.
name: Ross, James D.
name: Smith, Jason E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Survival rates remain low after hemorrhage-induced traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA). Noncompressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH) is a major cause of potentially survivable trauma death. Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) at the thoracic aorta (Zone 1) can limit subdiaphragmatic blood loss and allow for IV fluid resuscitation when intrinsic cardiac activity is still present. Selective Aortic Arch Perfusion (SAAP) combines thoracic aortic balloon hemorrhage control with intra-aortic oxygenated perfusion to achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) when cardiac arrest has occurred.
A Quantum Gödelian Hunch
Creators: name: Dourdent, Hippolyte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: What if the paradoxical nature of quantum theory could find its source in some undecidability analog to that of Gödel's incompleteness theorem ? This essay aims at arguing for such Gödelian hunch via two case studies. Firstly, using a narrative based on the Newcomb problem, the theological motivational origin of quantum contextuality is introduced in order to show how this result might be related to a Liar-like undecidability. A topological generalization of contextuality by Abramsky et al. in which the logical structure of quantum contextuality is compared with "Liar cycles" is also presented. Secondly, the measurement problem is analyzed as emerging from a logical error. A personal analysis of the related Wigner's friend thought experiment and and a recent paradox by Frauchiger and Renner is presented, by introducing the notion of "meta-contextuality" as a Liar-like feature underlying the neo-Copenhagen interpretations of quantum theory. Finally, this quantum Gödelian hunch opens a discussion of the paradoxical nature of quantum physics and the emergence of time itself from self-contradiction.
description: Essay participating in the FQXi Essay Contest 2020 : https://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/3518 Comments and ratings are welcome on that page
Comparative studies of Ionospheric models with GNSS and NavIC over the Indian Longitudinal sector during geomagnetic activities
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Sumanjit
name: Datta, Abhirup
name: Ray, Sarbani
name: Ayyagari, Deepthi
name: Paul, Ashik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents the storm time comparative analysis of the performances of latest versions of global ionospheric models: International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) 2016, NeQuick 2 (NeQ) and the IRI extended to Plasmasphere (IRI-P) 2017 with respect to Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) derived ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC). The analysis is carried out under varying geomagnetic storm conditions during September 2017-November 2018, falling in the declining phase of solar cycle 24. TEC data from Indore, located near the northern crest of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) along with data obtained from the International GNSS Service (IGS) stations at Lucknow, located beyond the anomaly crest; Hyderabad, located between anomaly crest and magnetic equator and Bangalore, located near the magnetic equator have been analysed. The models generally overestimated during the storm periods with the exception of IRI-P, which matched (with an offset of about 3-5 TECU) with the enhancement observed on September 7, 2017 (during the strong storm of September 2017), from stations around the anomaly crest. No significant match was observed by the other two models. This match of IRI-P is attributed to the plasmaspheric contribution as well as the capability of assimilating measured TEC values into this model. In the present study, to the best of our knowledge, first comparisons of the empirical model derived TEC with NavIC and GNSS measurements from an anomaly crest location, combined with the IGS observations from the magnetic equator to locations beyond the anomaly crest, are conducted during geomagnetically disturbed conditions. Since NavIC satellites are at higher altitudes(~ 36000 km), the inclusion of NavIC data to the existing model could give better ionospheric predictions over the Indian subcontinent.
description: 42 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in Advances in Space Research
Multiband dynamics of extended harmonic generation in solids under ultraviolet injection
Creators: name: Lang, Yue
name: Peng, Zhaoyang
name: Zhao, Zengxiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using one-dimensional semiconductor Bloch equations, we investigate the multiband dynamics of electrons in a cutoff extension scheme employing an infrared pulse with additional UV injection. An extended three-step model is firstly validated to play a dominant role in emitting harmonics in the second plateau. Surprisingly, further analysis employing the acceleration theorem shows that though harmonics in both the primary and secondary present positive and negative chirps, the positive (negative) chirp in the first region is related to the so-called short (long) trajectory, while that in the second region is emitted through `general' trajectory, where electrons tunnelling earlier and recombining earlier contribute significantly. The novel characteristics deepen the understanding of high harmonic generation in solids and may have great significance in attosecond science and reconstruction of band dispersion beyond the band edge.
Energetics of ion competition in the DEKA selectivity filter of neuronal sodium channels
Creators: name: Boda, D.
name: Leaf, G.
name: Fonseca, J.
name: Eisenberg, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energetics of ionic selectivity in the neuronal sodium channels is studied. A simple model constructed for the selectivity filter of the channel is used. The selectivity filter of this channel type contains aspartate (D), glutamate (E), lysine (K), and alanine (A) residues (the DEKA locus). We use Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations to compute equilibrium binding selectivity in the selectivity filter and to obtain various terms of the excess chemical potential from a particle insertion procedure based on Widom's method. We show that K$^{+}$ ions in competition with Na$^{+}$ are efficiently excluded from the selectivity filter due to entropic hard sphere exclusion. The dielectric constant of protein has no effect on this selectivity. Ca$^{2+}$ ions, on the other hand, are excluded from the filter due to a free energetic penalty which is enhanced by the low dielectric constant of protein.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Association of Body Mass Index with DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in Blood Cells and Relations to Cardiometabolic Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Approach
Creators: name: McRae, Allan F.
name: Guan, Weihua
name: Fox, Caroline
name: Kleinbrink, Erica
name: Hedman, Åsa K.
name: Yao, Chen
name: Willinger, Christine
name: Fornage, Myriam
name: Murphy, Lee
name: Krauss, Ronald M.
name: Levy, Daniel
name: Schadt, Eric E.
name: Fallin, Daniele
name: Corley, Janie
name: Visscher, Peter M.
name: Boerwinkle, Eric
name: Lipovich, Leonard
name: Ingelsson, Erik
name: Lind, Lars
name: Joehanes, Roby
name: Pankow, James S.
name: Deary, Ian J.
name: Liang, Liming
name: Arnett, Donna K.
name: Shah, Sonia
name: Liu, Chunyu
name: Cohain, Ariella
name: Gustafsson, Stefan
name: Bressler, Jan
name: Starr, John M.
name: Grove, Megan L.
name: Marioni, Riccardo E.
name: Absher, Devin M.
name: Redmond, Paul
name: Chen, Brian
name: Sundström, Johan
name: Zhi, Degui
name: Gibson, Jude
name: Feinberg, Andrew
name: Multhaup, Michael
name: Irvin, Marguerite R.
name: North, Kari
name: Wray, Naomi R.
name: Demerath, Ellen W.
name: Huan, Tianxiao
name: Mendelson, Michael M.
name: Courchesne, Paul
name: Harris, Sarah E.
name: Aslibekyan, Stella
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The link between DNA methylation, obesity, and adiposity-related diseases in the general population remains uncertain.
Demonstration of quantum volume 64 on a superconducting quantum computing system
Creators: name: Jurcevic, Petar
name: Javadi-Abhari, Ali
name: Bishop, Lev S.
name: Lauer, Isaac
name: Bogorin, Daniela F.
name: Brink, Markus
name: Capelluto, Lauren
name: Günlük, Oktay
name: Itoko, Toshinari
name: Kanazawa, Naoki
name: Kandala, Abhinav
name: Keefe, George A.
name: Krsulich, Kevin
name: Landers, William
name: Lewandowski, Eric P.
name: McClure, Douglas T.
name: Nannicini, Giacomo
name: Narasgond, Adinath
name: Nayfeh, Hasan M.
name: Pritchett, Emily
name: Rothwell, Mary Beth
name: Srinivasan, Srikanth
name: Sundaresan, Neereja
name: Wang, Cindy
name: Wei, Ken X.
name: Wood, Christopher J.
name: Yau, Jeng-Bang
name: Zhang, Eric J.
name: Dial, Oliver E.
name: Chow, Jerry M.
name: Gambetta, Jay M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We improve the quality of quantum circuits on superconducting quantum computing systems, as measured by the quantum volume, with a combination of dynamical decoupling, compiler optimizations, shorter two-qubit gates, and excited state promoted readout. This result shows that the path to larger quantum volume systems requires the simultaneous increase of coherence, control gate fidelities, measurement fidelities, and smarter software which takes into account hardware details, thereby demonstrating the need to continue to co-design the software and hardware stack for the foreseeable future.
description: Fixed typo in author list. Added references [38], [49] and [52]
การใช้ชีวภัณฑ์ชนิดผงจากดินขาวสำหรับย่อยฟางข้าวและควบคุมโรคขอบใบแห้งในระบบการปลูกข้าวอินทรีย์
Creators: name: ดุสิต อธินุวัฒน์
Publisher: name: Thammasat University
Year: 2019
Subjects: bioproduct powder formula
straw decomposition
bacterial leaf blight

description: Thai Journal of Science and Technology, 8, 2, 127-137
The cosmic web connection to the dark matter halo distribution through gravity
Creators: name: Kitaura, Francisco-Shu
name: Balaguera-Antolínez, Andrés
name: Sinigaglia, Francesco
name: Pellejero-Ibáñez, Marcos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work investigates the connection between the cosmic web and the halo distribution through the gravitational potential at the field level. We combine three fields of research, cosmic web classification, perturbation theory expansions of the halo bias, and halo (galaxy) mock catalogue making methods. In particular, we use the invariants of the tidal field and the velocity shear tensor as generating functions to reproduce the halo number counts of a reference catalogue from full gravity calculations, populating the dark matter field on a mesh well into the non-linear regime ($3\,h^{-1}\,{\rm Mpc}$ scales). Our results show an unprecedented agreement with the reference power spectrum within 1% up to $k=0.72\,h\,{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$. By analysing the three-point statistics on large scales (configurations of up to $k=0.2\,h\,{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$), we find evidence for non-local bias at the 4.8 $σ$ confidence level, being compatible with the reference catalogue. In particular, we find that a detailed description of tidal anisotropic clustering on large scales is crucial to achieve this accuracy at the field level. These findings can be particularly important for the analysis of the next generation of galaxy surveys in mock galaxy production.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures and 2 tables, accepted for publication at MNRAS
Changes in prices, sales, consumer spending, and beverage consumption one year after a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages in Berkeley, California, US: A before-and-after study
Creators: name: Poti, Jennifer M.
name: Induni, Marta
name: Silver, Lynn D.
name: Ng, Shu Wen
name: Miles, Donna R.
name: Taillie, Lindsey Smith
name: Popkin, Barry M.
name: Ryan-Ibarra, Suzanne
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) meant to improve health and raise revenue are being adopted, yet evaluation is scarce. This study examines the association of the first penny per ounce SSB excise tax in the United States, in Berkeley, California, with beverage prices, sales, store revenue/consumer spending, and usual beverage intake.
title: Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Femoral Trochlea and Patella: Evaluation and Grading of articular cartilage in comparison to Arthroscopy
Creators: name: Muhle, Claus
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Arthritides
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: MR
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Extremities

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Articular hyaline cartilage is a complex structure whose integrity is fundamental to proper joint function. The articular cartilage transmits and distributes load, thereby minimizing stress on the underlying subchondral bone, and provides a smooth...
Complexes from complexes
Creators: name: Arnold, Douglas N.
name: Hu, Kaibo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58J10 (Primary) 58A12, 58A14, 35J58 (Secondary)

description: This paper is concerned with the derivation and properties of differential complexes arising from a variety of problems in differential equations, with applications in continuum mechanics, relativity, and other fields. We present a systematic procedure which, starting from well-understood differential complexes such as the de Rham complex, derives new complexes and deduces the properties of the new complexes from the old. We relate the cohomology of the output complex to that of the input complexes and show that the new complex has closed ranges, and, consequently, satisfies a Hodge decomposition, Poincaré type inequalities, well-posed Hodge-Laplacian boundary value problems, regular decomposition, and compactness properties on general Lipschitz domains.
description: 31 pages. This preprint corresponds to the version accepted by Foundations of Computational Mathematics
title: A possible re-emerging demand: an attempt of a more accurate way of evaluation of bone age by pelvic radiographs in young Turkish adults.
Creators: name: Akkaya, Zehra
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Anatomy
subject: Bones
subject: Forensic / Necropsy studies
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Medico-legal issues
subject: Forensics

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Skeletal development is closely related to geographical, socioeconomical factors. With recent turmoil in the middle east and huge migration crisis, identification of individuals and determining their accurateage have become important to obtain...
Landau-Lifshitz theory of the thermomagnonic torque
Creators: name: Kim, Se Kwon
name: Tserkovnyak, Yaroslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the thermomagnonic torque associated with smooth magnetic textures subjected to a temperature gradient, in the framework of the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. Our approach captures on equal footing two distinct contributions: (1) A local entropic torque that is caused by a temperature dependence of the effective exchange field, the existence of which had been previously suggested based on numerics and (2) the well-known spin-transfer torque induced by thermally-induced magnon flow. The dissipative components of two torques have the same structure, following a common phenomenology, but opposite signs, with the twice larger entropic torque leading to a domain-wall motion toward the hotter region. We compare the efficiency of the torque-driven domain-wall motion with the recently proposed Brownian thermophoresis.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Urgicht über Mathias Klostermayr oder so genannten Baierischen Hiesel; 1771
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2008

description: Enth. außerden u.a.: Urgicht über Johann Adam Locherer oder sogenannten Blauen
รถสามล้ออเนกประสงค์พลังงานแสงอาทิตย์
Creators: name: ธนิท เรืองรุ่งชัยกุล
Publisher: name: Thammasat University
Year: 2019
Subjects: electric three-wheel mini truck
photovoltaic cell
solar cell

description: Thai Journal of Science and Technology, 8, 2, 200-211
title: Biodegradable magnesium Herbert screw in different modalities – image quality and artifacts
Creators: name: von Falck, Christian
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Artifacts

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Magnesium alloys have recently been rediscovered as biodegradable implants in orthopedic surgery. This study is an ex-vivo trial to evaluate the imaging characteristics of magnesium implants in different imaging modalities as compared to...
The cosmetic crossing conjecture for split links
Creators: name: Wang, Joshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a band sum of a split two-component link along a nontrivial band, we obtain a family of knots indexed by the integers by adding any number of full twists to the band. We show that the knots in this family have the same Heegaard knot Floer homology and the same instanton knot Floer homology. In contrast, a generalization of the cosmetic crossing conjecture predicts that the knots in this family are all distinct. We verify this prediction by showing that any two knots in this family have distinct Khovanov homology. Along the way, we prove that each of the three knot homologies detects the trivial band.
description: 89 pages, 16 figures
Malaria, malnutrition, and birthweight: A meta-analysis using individual participant data
Creators: name: Mwapasa, Victor
name: Briand, Valerie
name: Madanitsa, Mwayiwawo
name: Schmiegelow, Christentze
name: Adair, Linda
name: Dellicour, Stephanie
name: Slutsker, Laurence
name: Rogerson, Stephen
name: Terlouw, Dianne J.
name: Valea, Innocent
name: Oneko, Martina
name: Desai, Meghna
name: Gutman, Julie
name: Unger, Holger W.
name: Ashorn, Per
name: Bauserman, Melissa
name: Landis, Sarah H.
name: Maleta, Kenneth
name: Cates, Jordan E.
name: Cole, Stephen R.
name: Kariuki, Simon
name: Stanisic, Danielle
name: van Eijk, Anna Maria
name: Tinto, Halidou
name: Fievet, Nadine
name: Dewey, Kathryn G.
name: Ayisi, John
name: Ouma, Peter
name: Adu-Afarwuah, Seth
name: Lusingu, John P. A.
name: Westreich, Daniel
name: Meshnick, Steven
name: D’Alessandro, Umberto
name: ter Kuile, Feiko O.
name: Mueller, Ivo
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Four studies previously indicated that the effect of malaria infection during pregnancy on the risk of low birthweight (LBW; <2,500 g) may depend upon maternal nutritional status. We investigated this dependence further using a large, diverse study population.
Instructive discussion of an effective block algorithm for baryon-baryon correlators
Creators: name: Nemura, Hidekatsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe an approach for the efficient calculation of a large number of four-point correlation functions for various baryon-baryon (BB) channels, which are the primary quantities for studying the nuclear and hyperonic nuclear forces from lattice quantum chromodynamics. Using the four-point correlation function of a proton-$Λ$ system as a specific example, we discuss how an effective block algorithm significantly reduces the number of iterations. The effective block algorithm is applied to calculate 52 channels of the four-point correlation functions from nucleon$-$nucleon to $Ξ-Ξ$, in order to study the complete set of isospin symmetric BB interactions. The elapsed times measured for hybrid parallel computation on BlueGene/Q demonstrate that the performance of the present algorithm is reasonable for various combinations of the number of OpenMP threads and the number of MPI nodes. The numerical results are compared with the results obtained using the unified contraction algorithm for all computed sites of the 52 four-point correlators.
description: 31 pages, 4 figures, minor changes including correction of typo, matches published version
Scaling symmetry and scalar hairy Lifshitz black holes
Creators: name: Hyun, Seungjoon
name: Jeong, Jaehoon
name: Park, Sang-A
name: Yi, Sang-Heon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By utilizing the scaling symmetry of the reduced action for planar black holes, we obtain the corresponding conserved charge. We use the conserved charge to find the generalized Smarr relation of static hairy planar black holes in various dimensions. Our results not only reproduce the relation in the various known cases but also give the new relation in the Lifshitz planar black holes with the scalar hair.
description: 1+22 pages, plain LaTex; v2: minor improvements, fixed typos; v3 version to appear in JHEP
Implementing a Fast Unbounded Quantum Fanout Gate Using Power-Law Interactions
Creators: name: Guo, Andrew Y.
name: Deshpande, Abhinav
name: Chu, Su-Kuan
name: Eldredge, Zachary
name: Bienias, Przemyslaw
name: Devulapalli, Dhruv
name: Su, Yuan
name: Childs, Andrew M.
name: Gorshkov, Alexey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The standard circuit model for quantum computation presumes the ability to directly perform gates between arbitrary pairs of qubits, which is unlikely to be practical for large-scale experiments. Power-law interactions with strength decaying as $1/r^α$ in the distance $r$ provide an experimentally realizable resource for information processing, whilst still retaining long-range connectivity. We leverage the power of these interactions to implement a fast quantum fanout gate with an arbitrary number of targets. Our implementation allows the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) and Shor's algorithm to be performed on a $D$-dimensional lattice in time logarithmic in the number of qubits for interactions with $α\le D$. As a corollary, we show that power-law systems with $α\le D$ are difficult to simulate classically even for short times, under a standard assumption that factoring is classically intractable. Complementarily, we develop a new technique to give a general lower bound, linear in the size of the system, on the time required to implement the QFT and the fanout gate in systems that are constrained by a linear light cone. This allows us to prove an asymptotically tighter lower bound for long-range systems than is possible with previously available techniques.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Fermi-Surface Curvature and Hall Conductivity in Metals
Creators: name: Narikiyo, Osamu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Tsuji formula which relates the Fermi-surface curvature and the weak-field Hall conductivity in metals is discussed in Haldane's framework.
description: The appendix D is added in v2 where the difference between the Tsuji formula and the Ong formula is discussed
Quantum exploration algorithms for multi-armed bandits
Creators: name: Wang, Daochen
name: You, Xuchen
name: Li, Tongyang
name: Childs, Andrew M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Identifying the best arm of a multi-armed bandit is a central problem in bandit optimization. We study a quantum computational version of this problem with coherent oracle access to states encoding the reward probabilities of each arm as quantum amplitudes. Specifically, we show that we can find the best arm with fixed confidence using $\tilde{O}\bigl(\sqrt{\sum_{i=2}^nΔ^{\smash{-2}}_i}\bigr)$ quantum queries, where $Δ_{i}$ represents the difference between the mean reward of the best arm and the $i^\text{th}$-best arm. This algorithm, based on variable-time amplitude amplification and estimation, gives a quadratic speedup compared to the best possible classical result. We also prove a matching quantum lower bound (up to poly-logarithmic factors).
description: 18 pages, 1 figure. To appear in the Thirty-Fifth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2021)
Application of molecular simulations: Insight into liquid bridging and jetting phenomena
Creators: name: Nezbeda, I.
name: Jirsák, J.
name: Moučka, F.
name: Smith, W. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on pure liquid water, aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, and polymer solutions exposed to a strong external electric field with the goal to gain molecular insight into the structural response to the field. Several simulation methodologies have been used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the processes leading to the formation of liquid bridges and jets (in the production of nanofibers). It is shown that in the established nanoscale structures, the molecules form a chain with their dipole moments oriented parallel to the applied field throughout the entire sample volume. The presence of ions may disturb this structure leading to its ultimate disintegration into droplets; the concentration dependence of the threshold field required to stabilize a liquid column has been determined. Conformational changes of the polymer in the jetting process have also been observed.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures