cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The regular black hole in four dimensional Born-Infeld gravity
Creators: name: Boehmer, Christian G.
name: Fiorini, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of Born-Infeld gravity theories we report the existence of a regular black hole interior representing a spherically symmetric vacuum solution of the theory. It reduces to the Schwarzschild interior metric in the weak field region. In particular, there is a new length scale which is related to the Born-Infeld parameter. This endows the spacetime with an inner (i.e. well inside the event horizon) asymptotic region which is unattainable for observers. The central curvature singularity is replaced by an infinitely long cosmic string with constant curvature invariants related to the Born-Infeld constant. The presence of this limiting curvature spacetime renders the black hole timelike and null geodesically complete, free from the classical Schwarzschild singularity. The transition between the usual black hole interior and this maximum curvature space is achieved without introducing any kind of matter content nor topological changes.
description: 6 pages, two figures; v2 minor additions and corrections
Electronic states of pseudospin-1 fermions in $α-\mathcal{T}_3$ lattice ribbons in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Bugaiko, O. V.
name: Oriekhov, D. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic states on a finite width $α-\mathcal{T}_3$ ribbon in a magnetic field are studied in the framework of low-energy effective theory. Both zigzag and armchair types of boundary conditions are analyzed. The analytical solutions are compared with the results of numerical tight-binding calculations. It is found that the flat band of zero energy survives for all types of boundary conditions. The analytical estimates for the spectral gap in a weak magnetic field are discussed. For zigzag type boundary conditions the approximate expressions for the edge and bulk electron states in the strong magnetic field are found.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Spin glass like transition in a highly concentrated Fe-C nanoparticle system
Creators: name: Jönsson, P.
name: Svedlindh, P.
name: Nordblad, P.
name: Hansen, M. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A highly concentrated (17 vol.%) Fe-C nano-particle system, with a narrow size distribution $d = 5.4\pm 0.4$ nm, has been investigated using magnetic ac susceptibility measurements covering a wide range of frequencies (17 mHz - 170 Hz). A dynamic scaling analysis gives evidence for a phase transition to a low temperature spin-glass-like phase. The critical exponents associated with the transition are $zν= 10.5 \pm 2$ and $β= 1.1 \pm 0.2$. The reason why the scaling analysis works for this sample, while it may not work for other samples exhibiting collective behavior as evidenced by aging phenomena, is that the single particle contribution to $χ''$ is vanishingly small for $T>T_g$ and hence all slow dynamics is due to collective behavior. This criterion can only be fulfilled for a highly concentrated nano-particle sample with a narrow size distribution.
description: 2 pages, 3 figures, Proceeding for ICM2000
title: Ein Unglück kommt selten allein, warum dann nicht in Begleitung von Humor. Konstruktiver Einsatz von Humor in der psychosozialen Beratung
Creators: name: Van Loey, Sarah
Publisher: name: Katholische Hochschule Nordrhein-Westfalen, Köln
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften

description: In der Bachelorthesis zum Thema „Ein Unglück kommt selten allein, warum dann nicht in Begleitung von Humor - Konstruktiver Einsatz von Humor in der psychosozialen Beratung“ wird beleuchtet, wie Humor konstruktiv im Beratungsprozess genutzt werden kann.
Die Untersuchung von Humor ist Gegenstand zahlreicher unterschiedlicher Wissenschaften, wie z.B. der Naturwissenschaften, Sozialwissenschaften, Philosophie, Sprachwissenschaften und Psychologie. Diese Arbeit greift auf Erkenntnisse der unterschiedlichen Wissenschaften zurück. Diese werden für eine fundierte Darstellung von Humoranwendung im Kontext der Sozialen Arbeit, genauer in der Familienberatung, aufbereitet und gebündelt. Dazu werden unter anderen die folgenden Fragen beantwortet: Was ist Humor und wie kann er in der psychosozialen Beratung genutzt werden? Wie kann ein konstruktiver Einsatz von Humor gelingen? Welche konkreten Instrumente gibt es, die in der Praxis eingesetzt werden können? Wie wirkt Humor und wofür ist er gut? Gibt es Grenzen für den Humoreinsatz und wenn ja, wodurch sind sie begründet? Kann Humor auch in hocheskalierenden Konflikten konstruktiv genutzt werden?
Coordinates for Teichmüller spaces of b-groups with torsion
Creators: name: Gastesi, Pablo Arés
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we will use b-groups to construct coordinates for the Teichmüller spaces of 2-orbifolds. The main technical tool is the parametrization of triangle groups, which allows us to compute explicitly formulæ for generators of b-groups uniformizing orbifolds. In this way, we obtain a technique to pass from the abstract objects of deformation spaces to concrete calculations with Möbius transformations. We explore this computational character of our work by finding the expressions of certain classical isomorphisms between Teichmüller spaces.
description: Plain LaTeX, with Bbb subtituted by bf, 19 pgs, 65 Kb, additional file with 4 figures (2 pgs) in ps form
A Field Theory for the Read Operator
Creators: name: Rajaraman, R.
name: Sondhi, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new field theory for studying quantum Hall systems. The quantum field is a modified version of the bosonic operator introduced by Read. In contrast to Read's original work we do {\em not} work in the lowest Landau level alone, and this leads to a much simpler formalism. We identify an appropriate canonical conjugate field, and write a Hamiltonian that governs the exact dynamics of our bosonic field operators. We describe a Lagrangian formalism, derive the equations of motion for the fields and present a family of mean-field solutions. Finally, we show that these mean field solutions are precisely the Laughlin states. We do not, in this work, address the treatment of fluctuations.
description: 15 pages, Revtex 3.0
Field Induced Reduction of the Low Temperature Superfluid Density in YBa2Cu3O6.95
Creators: name: Sonier, J. E.
name: Brewer, J. H.
name: Kiefl, R. F.
name: Morris, G. D.
name: Miller, R. I.
name: Bonn, D. A.
name: Chakhalian, J.
name: Heffner, R. H.
name: Hardy, W. N.
name: Liang, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel high magnetic field (8 T) spectrometer for muon spin rotation has been used to measure the temperature dependence of the in-plane magnetic penetration depth in YBa2Cu3O6.95. At low H and low T, the penetration depth exhibits the characteristic linear T dependence associated with the energy gap of a d_x^2-y^2-wave superconductor. However, at higher fields the penetration depth is essentially temperature independent at low T. We discuss possible interpretations of this surprising new feature in the low-energy excitation spectrum.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 RevTex file and 4 postscript figures
New Bounds from Searching for Muonium to Antimuonium Conversion
Creators: name: Willmann, L.
name: Schmidt, P. V.
name: Wirtz, H. P.
name: Abela, R.
name: Baranov, V.
name: Bagaturia, J.
name: Bertl, W.
name: Engfer, R.
name: Grossmann, A.
name: Hughes, V. W.
name: Jungmann, K.
name: Karpuchin, V.
name: Kisel, I.
name: Korenchenko, A.
name: Korenchenko, S.
name: Kravchuk, N.
name: Kuchinsky, N.
name: Leuschner, A.
name: Meyer, V.
name: Merkel, J.
name: Moiseenko, A.
name: Mzavia, D.
name: Putlitz, G. zu
name: Reichart, W.
name: Reinhard, I.
name: Renker, D.
name: Sakhelashvilli, T.
name: Tr"ager, K.
name: Walter, H. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new upper limit for the probability of spontaneous muonium to antimuonium conversion was established at ${\rm P_{M\bar{M}}} \leq 8.2 \cdot 10^{-11}$ (90%C.L.) in 0.1~T magnetic field, which implies consequences for speculative extensions to the standard model. Coupling parameters in R-parity violating supersymmetry and the mass of a flavour diagonal bileptonic gauge boson can be significantly restricted. A Z$_8$ model with radiative mass generation through heavy lepton seed and the minimal version of 331-GUT models are ruled out.
Exact Solution of the strong coupling t-V model with twisted boundary conditions
Creators: name: Dias, R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the solution of the one-dimensional t-V model with twisted boundary conditions in the strong coupling limit, t<
description: 11 pages, 1 figure; to be published in Physical Review B
Evolution of Gluon Spin in the Nucleon
Creators: name: Pollock, S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the $Q^2$ evolution of gluon polarization in polarized nucleons. As is well known, the evolution of $α_s ΔG(Q^2)$ is negligible for typical momentum transfer variations found in experimental deep inelastic scattering. As $α_s$ increases, however, the leading nonzero term in the evolution equation for the singlet first moment reduces the magnitude of the gluon spin. At low $Q^2$ the term $α_s ΔG$ can vanish, and ultimately become negative. Thus, low energy model calculations yielding negative $ΔG$ are not necessarily in conflict with experimental evidence for positive gluon polarization at high $Q^2$.
description: ReVTeX + psfig, 7 pages, 3 figures (postscript), accepted in Physics Letters B, (pollock@lucky.colorado.edu)
Quantum state tomography across the exceptional point in a single dissipative qubit
Creators: name: Naghiloo, M.
name: Abbasi, M.
name: Joglekar, Yogesh N.
name: Murch, K. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Open systems with gain and loss, described by non-trace-preserving, non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, have been a subject of intense research recently. The effect of exceptional-point degeneracies on the dynamics of classical systems has been observed through remarkable phenomena such as the parity-time symmetry breaking transition, asymmetric mode switching, and optimal energy transfer. On the other hand, consequences of an exceptional point for quantum evolution and decoherence are hitherto unexplored. Here, we use post-selection on a three-level superconducting transmon circuit with tunable Rabi drive, dissipation, and detuning to carry out quantum state tomography of a single dissipative qubit in the vicinity of its exceptional point. Quantum state tomography reveals the PT symmetry breaking transition at zero detuning, decoherence enhancement at finite detuning, and a quantum signature of the exceptional point in the qubit relaxation state. Our observations demonstrate rich phenomena associated with non-Hermitian physics such as non-orthogonality of eigenstates in a fully quantum regime and open routes to explore and harness exceptional point degeneracies for enhanced sensing and quantum information processing.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Dependence properties and Bayesian inference for asymmetric multivariate copulas
Creators: name: Arbel, Julyan
name: Crispino, Marta
name: Girard, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study a broad class of asymmetric copulas introduced by Liebscher (2008) as a combination of multiple - usually symmetric - copulas. The main thrust of the paper is to provide new theoretical properties including exact tail dependence expressions and stability properties. A subclass of Liebscher copulas obtained by combining Fréchet copulas is studied in more details. We establish further dependence properties for copulas of this class and show that they are characterized by an arbitrary number of singular components. Furthermore, we introduce a novel iterative representation for general Liebscher copulas which de facto insures uniform margins, thus relaxing a constraint of Liebscher's original construction. Besides, we show that this iterative construction proves useful for inference by developing an Approximate Bayesian computation sampling scheme. This inferential procedure is demonstrated on simulated data.
Electronic Band Structure In A Periodic Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Krakovsky, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the energy band structure of a two-dimensional electron gas in a periodic magnetic field of a longitudinal antiferromagnet by considering a simple exactly solvable model. Two types of states appear: with a finite and infinitesimal longitudinal mobility. Both types of states are present at a generic Fermi surface. The system exhibits a transition to an insulating regime with respect to the longitudinal current, if the electron density is sufficiently low.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures; to appear in Phys. Rev. B '96
The role of short-term immigration on disease dynamics: An SIR model with age-structure
Creators: name: Sanchez, Fabio
name: Calvo, Juan Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 92D25, 92D30, 35Q92, 65M06

description: We formulate an age-structured nonlinear partial differential equation model that features short-term immigration effects in a population. Individuals can immigrate into the population as any of the three stages in the model: susceptible, infected or recovered}. Global stability of the immigration-free and infection-free equilibria is discussed. A generalized numerical framework is established and specific short-term immigration scenarios are explored.
description: 16 pages, 27 figures
Application of neural network for photon-hadron discrimination in a preshower detector in high energy heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Chattopadhyaya, S.
name: Ahammed, Z.
name: Viyogi, Y. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a combination of a preshower detector and a charged particle veto, it is shown that the neural network method is able to provide satisfactory discrimination between photons and hadrons in the case of extremely high particle density produced in the forward region of heavy ion collisions at the LHC energy.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Analytical implementation of Roe solver for two-layer shallow water equations with accurate treatment for loss of hyperbolicity
Creators: name: Krvavica, Nino
name: Tuhtan, Miran
name: Jelenić, Gordan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A new implementation of the Roe scheme for solving two-layer shallow-water equations is presented in this paper. The proposed A-Roe scheme is based on the analytical solution to the characteristic quartic of the flux matrix, which is an efficient alternative to a numerical eigensolver. Additionally, an accurate method for maintaining the hyperbolic character of the governing system is proposed. The efficiency of the quartic closed-form solver is examined and compared to numerical eigensolvers. Furthermore, the accuracy and computational speed of the A-Roe scheme is compared to the Roe, Lax-Friedrichs, GFORCE, PVM, and IFCP schemes. Finally, numerical tests are presented to evaluate the efficiency of the iterative treatment for the hyperbolicity loss. The proposed A-Roe scheme is as accurate as the Roe scheme, but much faster, with computational speeds closer to the GFORCE and IFCP scheme.
Paired states of fermions in two dimensions with breaking of parity and time-reversal symmetries, and the fractional quantum Hall effect
Creators: name: Read, N.
name: Green, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze pairing of fermions in two dimensions for fully-gapped cases with broken parity (P) and time-reversal (T), especially cases in which the gap function is an orbital angular momentum ($l$) eigenstate, in particular $l=-1$ (p-wave, spinless or spin-triplet) and $l=-2$ (d-wave, spin-singlet). For $l\neq0$, these fall into two phases, weak and strong pairing, which may be distinguished topologically. In the cases with conserved spin, we derive explicitly the Hall conductivity for spin as the corresponding topological invariant. For the spinless p-wave case, the weak-pairing phase has a pair wavefunction that is asympototically the same as that in the Moore-Read (Pfaffian) quantum Hall state, and we argue that its other properties (edge states, quasihole and toroidal ground states) are also the same, indicating that nonabelian statistics is a {\em generic} property of such a paired phase. The strong-pairing phase is an abelian state, and the transition between the two phases involves a bulk Majorana fermion, the mass of which changes sign at the transition. For the d-wave case, we argue that the Haldane-Rezayi state is not the generic behavior of a phase but describes the asymptotics at the critical point between weak and strong pairing, and has gapless fermion excitations in the bulk. In this case the weak-pairing phase is an abelian phase which has been considered previously. In the p-wave case with an unbroken U(1) symmetry, which can be applied to the double layer quantum Hall problem, the weak-pairing phase has the properties of the 331 state, and with nonzero tunneling there is a transition to the Moore-Read phase. The effects of disorder on noninteracting quasiparticles are considered.
description: Accepted by PRB; references added and typos corrected
Fractional Exclusion Statistics for the Multicomponent Sutherland Model
Creators: name: Kato, Yusuke
name: Kuramoto, Yoshio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show by microscopic calculation that thermodynamics of the multicomponent Sutherland model is equivalent to that of a free particle system with fractional exclusion statistics at all temperatures. The parameters for exclusion statistics are given by the strength of the repulsive interaction, and have both intra- and inter-species components. We also show that low temperature properties of the system are described in terms of free fractional particles without the statistical parameters for different species. The effective exclusion statistics for intra-species at low temperatures depend on polarization of the system.
description: 13 pages, using RevTex, 5 figures on request
Asymptotic security of continuous-variable quantum key distribution with a discrete modulation
Creators: name: Ghorai, Shouvik
name: Grangier, Philippe
name: Diamanti, Eleni
name: Leverrier, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish a lower bound on the asymptotic secret key rate of continuous-variable quantum key distribution with a discrete modulation of coherent states. The bound is valid against collective attacks and is obtained by formulating the problem as a semidefinite program. We illustrate our general approach with the quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation scheme and show that distances over 100 km are achievable for realistic values of noise. We also discuss the application to more complex quadrature amplitude modulations (QAM) schemes. This work is a major step towards establishing the full security of continuous-variable protocols with a discrete modulation in the finite-size regime and opens the way to large-scale deployment of these protocols for quantum key distribution.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures; v2: added discussion of more general quadrature amplitude modulation schemes, v3: close to published version
Additional file 1: of Differences in association of lower bone mineral density with higher coronary calcification in female and male end-stage renal disease patients
Creators: name: Zhimin Chen
name: Qureshi, Abdul
name: Brismar, Torkel
name: Jonaz Ripsweden
name: Haarhaus, Mathias
name: Barany, Peter
name: Heimburger, Olof
name: Lindholm, Bengt
name: Stenvinkel, Peter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Table S1. Clinical and biochemical characteristics for the total 174 ESRD patients and for two subgroups based on median total body BMD (tBMD) level. Data presented as median (range of 10th - 90th percentile) or percentage. Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; IL-6, interleukin-6; PTX, pentraxin; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; CAC, coronary artery calcification; tBMD, total bone mineral density. a; n = 151, b; n = 166, c; n = 135; d; n = 95; e; n = 130, f; n = 105. (DOC 52 kb)
Greedy Kernel Methods for Center Manifold Approximation
Creators: name: Haasdonk, Bernard
name: Hamzi, Boumediene
name: Santin, Gabriele
name: Wittwar, Dominik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For certain dynamical systems it is possible to significantly simplify the study of stability by means of the center manifold theory. This theory allows to isolate the complicated asymptotic behavior of the system close to a non-hyperbolic equilibrium point, and to obtain meaningful predictions of its behavior by analyzing a reduced dimensional problem. Since the manifold is usually not known, approximation methods are of great interest to obtain qualitative estimates. In this work, we use a data-based greedy kernel method to construct a suitable approximation of the manifold close to the equilibrium. The data are collected by repeated numerical simulation of the full system by means of a high-accuracy solver, which generates sets of discrete trajectories that are then used to construct a surrogate model of the manifold. The method is tested on different examples which show promising performance and good accuracy.
Neuromodulação Transcraniana por Ultrassom Focalizado Simulação de Campos Acústico e Térmico
Creators: name: Andrade, Patrícia
name: Costa, Andrade
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Ultrassom
Neuromodulação
Ultrassom focalizado transcraniano
Simulação Computacional

description: Inúmeras técnicas de neuromodulação vêm sendo desenvolvidas devido à importância de se compreender a neuroanatomia funcional e os circuitos cerebrais profundos. O objetivo deste estudo é contribuir para o entendimento e inovação da técnica de neuromodulação ultrassônica transcraniana focalizada e não invasiva. Foram feitas simulações para mapear os campos acústico e térmico gerados a partir da interação das ondas ultrassônicas com o tecido biológico mimetizado por um phantom construído a partir de uma imagem de RM T1. Os resultados das simulações mostraram a possibilidade do ultrassom de atingir alvos cerebrais profundos atravessando a calota craniana sem gerar um mapa térmico considerável de risco para o paciente. Sendo, portanto o ultrassom transcraniano focalizado um método viável para a neuromodulação em animais e humanos.
Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (UTE-MRF) for Simultaneous Quantification of Long and Ultrashort T2 Tissues
Creators: name: Li, Qing
name: Cao, Xiaozhi
name: Ye, Huihui
name: Liao, Congyu
name: He, Hongjian
name: Zhong, Jianhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Purpose: To demonstrate an ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance fingerprinting (UTE-MRF) method that can simultaneously quantify tissue relaxometries for muscle and bone in musculoskeletal systems and tissue components in brain and therefore can synthesize pseudo-CT images. Methods: A FISP-MRF sequence with half pulse excitation and half spoke radial acquisition was designed to sample fast T2 decay signals. Sinusoidal echo time (TE) pattern was applied to enhance MRF sensitivity for tissues with short and ultrashort T2 values. The performance of UTE-MRF was evaluated via simulations, phantoms, and in vivo experiments. Results: A minimal TE of 0.05 ms was achieved in UTE-MRF. Simulations indicated that extension of TE sampling increased T2 quantification accuracy in cortical bone and tendon, and had little impact on long T2 muscle quantifications. For a rubber phantom, an average T1/T2 of 162/1.07 ms from UTE-MRF were compared well with gold standard T2 of 190 ms from IR-UTE and T2* of 1.03 ms from UTE sequence. For a long T2 agarose phantom, the linear regression slope between UTE-MRF and gold standard was 1.07 (R2=0.991) for T1 and 1.04 (R2=0.994) for T2. In vivo experiments showed the detection of cortical bone and Achilles tendon, where the averaged T2 was respectively 1.0 ms and 15 ms. Scalp images were in good agreement with CT. Conclusion: UTE-MRF with sinusoidal TE variations shows its capability to produce pseudo-CT images and simultaneously output T1, T2, proton density, and B0 maps for tissues with long T2 and short/ultrashort T2 in the brain and musculoskeletal system.
description: 32 pages, 12 figures, 1 table
Conscience February 2025 Policy Brief - NIH Indirect Cost Cap Sparks Concerns Over Research Funding
Creators: name: Barclay, Christophe
Publisher: name: Conscience
Year: 2025

description: NIH Indirect Cost Cap Sparks Concerns Over Research Funding

The US National Institute of Health (NIH) announced that it has capped the indirect cost rate provided in its grants, significantly cutting university funds used to cover research infrastructure.

This Policy Brief discusses the change, responses from various universities and other impacted organizations, and some of the history around the political climate that lead to them.
Higher Twist Effect in Inclusive Quarkonium Photoproduction
Creators: name: Ma, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze higher twist effect in photoproduction of quarkonium, where the quarkonium is a spin-triplet, S-wave state. We find that the nonperturbative effect of next-to-leading twist is contained in three correlation functions related to the initial hadron and some of the effect of next-to-leading twist is only suppressed by the inverse of the mass square of the quarkonium. A naive estimation indicates that the effect can be significant for charmonium. In the analysis we only take the leading order in the small velocity expansion for the nonperturbative parts related to the quarkonium. Possible corrections from higher orders, especially, corrections from color-octet states are discussed in detail.
description: 18 pages, 8 pages figures, plain-tex
Additional file 9: of Identification of functional long non-coding RNAs in C. elegans
Creators: name: Akay, Alper
name: Jordan, David
name: Navarro, Isabela
name: Wrzesinski, Tomasz
name: Ponting, Chris
name: Miska, Eric
name: Haerty, Wilfried
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Genotyping of 10 lncRNA mutants. PCR and gel electrophoresis analysis of deletion mutants for the described lincRNAs (PDF 341 kb)
Probing the vacuum fluctuations in scalar ghost-free theories
Creators: name: Boos, Jens
name: Frolov, Valeri P.
name: Zelnikov, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the response of vacuum fluctuations to a static potential in the context of massive, ghost-free infinite-derivative scalar field theories in two dimensions. For the special case of a $δ$-like potential, $V=λδ(x)$, the problem is exactly solvable and we calculate the corresponding Hadamard function for this quantum field. Using this exact result we determine the renormalized value of the vacuum polarization $\langle \hatφ^2(x)\rangle_\text{ren}$ as a function of the distance $x$ from the position of the potential. This expression depends on the amplitude of the potential as well as the scale of non-locality $\ell$; for distances $x\gg\ell$ the non-local and local results agree, whereas for distances $x < \ell$ there is a difference.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, computer algebra code available at http://spintwo.net/static/2019.01.21/ , v2: matches the published version
Additional file 7: of NKG2D signaling certifies effector CD8 T cells for memory formation
Creators: name: Perez, Cynthia
name: Kushal Prajapati
name: Burke, Brianna
name: Plaza-Rojas, Lourdes
name: Zeleznik-Le, Nancy
name: Guevara-Patino, Jose
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Time dependent phosphorylation of STAT-5 by IL15 is not affected by NKG2D blockade. (DOCX 49 kb)
Additional file 8: of NKG2D signaling certifies effector CD8 T cells for memory formation
Creators: name: Perez, Cynthia
name: Kushal Prajapati
name: Burke, Brianna
name: Plaza-Rojas, Lourdes
name: Zeleznik-Le, Nancy
name: Guevara-Patino, Jose
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Memory cells formed upon transient NKG2D blockade were not protective against melanoma B16 tumor. (PDF 118 kb)
Circular spectropolarimetric sensing of vegetation in the field; possibilities for the remote detection of extraterrestrial life
Creators: name: Patty, C. H. Lucas
name: Kate, Inge Loes ten
name: Buma, Wybren Jan
name: van Spanning, Rob J. M.
name: Steinbach, Gábor
name: Ariese, Freek
name: Snik, Frans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Homochirality is a generic and unique property of all biochemical life and the fractional circular polarization of light it induces therefore constitutes a potentially unambiguous biosignature.} However, while high-quality circular polarimetric spectra can be easily and quickly obtained in the laboratory, accurate measurements in the field are much more challenging due to large changes in illumination and target movement. In this study we have measured various targets in the field, up to distances of a few kilometers, using the dedicated circular spectropolarimeter TreePol. We show how photosynthetic life can readily be distinguished from abiotic matter. We underline the potential of circular polarization signals as a remotely accessible means to characterize and monitor terrestrial vegetation, e.g. for agriculture and forestry. Additionally, we discuss the potential of circular polarization for the remote detection of extraterrestrial life.
Double sign reversal of the vortex Hall effect in YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films in the strong pinning limit of low magnetic fields
Creators: name: Goeb, W.
name: Liebich, W.
name: Lang, W.
name: Puica, I.
name: Sobolewski, Roman
name: Roessler, R.
name: Pedarnig, J. D.
name: Baeuerle, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the Hall effect and the resistivity in twinned YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films in magnetic fields B oriented parallel to the crystallographic c-axis and to the twin boundaries reveal a double sign reversal of the Hall coefficient for B below 1 T. In high transport current densities, or with B tilted off the twin boundaries by 5 degrees, the second sign reversal vanishes. The power-law scaling of the Hall conductivity to the longitudinal conductivity in the mixed state is strongly modified in the regime of the second sign reversal. Our observations are interpreted as strong, disorder-type dependent vortex pinning and confirm that the Hall conductivity in high temperature superconductors is not independent of pinning.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Disorder-induced nonlinear Hall effect with time-reversal symmetry
Creators: name: Du, Z. Z.
name: Wang, C. M.
name: Li, Shuai
name: Lu, Hai-Zhou
name: Xie, X. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonlinear Hall effect has opened the door towards deeper understanding of topological states of matter. It can be observed as the double-frequency Hall voltage response to an ac longitudinal current in the presence of time-reversal symmetry. Disorder plays indispensable roles in various linear Hall effects, such as the localization in the quantized Hall effects and the extrinsic mechanisms of the anomalous, spin, and valley Hall effects. Unlike in the linear Hall effects, disorder enters the nonlinear Hall effect even in the leading order. However, the disorder-induced contribution to the nonlinear Hall effect has not been addressed. Here, we derive the formulas of the nonlinear Hall conductivity in the presence of disorder scattering. We apply the formulas to calculate the nonlinear Hall response of the tilted 2D Dirac model, which is the symmetry-allowed minimal model for the nonlinear Hall effect and can serve as a building block in realistic band structures. More importantly, we construct the general scaling law of the nonlinear Hall effect, which may help in experiments to distinguish disorder-induced contributions to the nonlinear Hall effect. This work will be instructive for exploring unconventional responses upon breaking discrete or crystal symmetries in emergent physical systems and materials.
description: See source files for Supplemental Materials
Persistent current in a one-dimensional ring of fractionally charged "exclusons''
Creators: name: Krive, I. V.
name: Sandström, P.
name: Shekhter, R. I.
name: Jonson, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Aharonov-Bohm effect in a one-dimensional (1D) ring containing a gas of fractionally charged excitations is considered. It is shown that the low temperature behavior of the system is identical to that of free electrons with (integer) charge $e$. This is a direct consequence of the fact that the total charge in the ring is quantized in units of the electron charge. Anomalous oscillations of the persistent current amplitude with temperature are predicted to occur as a direct manifistation of the fractional nature of the quasiparticle charge. A 1D conducting ring with gate induced periodical potential is discussed as a possible set-up for an experimental observation of the predicted phenomenon.
description: 4 pages, RevTex, uuencoded figures
Short-Range Interactions and Scaling Near Integer Quantum Hall Transitions
Creators: name: Wang, Ziqiang
name: Fisher, Matthew P. A.
name: Girvin, S. M.
name: Chalker, J. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the influence of short-range electron-electron interactions on scaling behavior near the integer quantum Hall plateau transitions. Short-range interactions are known to be irrelevant at the renormalization group fixed point which represents the transition in the non-interacting system. We find, nevertheless, that transport properties change discontinuously when interactions are introduced. Most importantly, in the thermodynamic limit the conductivity at finite temperature is zero without interactions, but non-zero in the presence of arbitrarily weak interactions. In addition, scaling as a function of frequency, $ω$, and temperature, $T$, is determined by the scaling variable $ω/T^p$ (where $p$ is the exponent for the temperature dependence of the inelastic scattering rate) and not by $ω/T$, as it would be at a conventional quantum phase transition described by an interacting fixed point. We express the inelastic exponent, $p$, and the thermal exponent, $z_T$, in terms of the scaling dimension, $-α< 0$, of the interaction strength and the dynamical exponent $z$ (which has the value $z=2$), obtaining $p=1+2α/z$ and $z_T=2/p$.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physical Review B
Evidence Transfer for Improving Clustering Tasks Using External Categorical Evidence
Creators: name: Davvetas, Athanasios
name: Klampanos, Iraklis A.
name: Karkaletsis, Vangelis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we introduce evidence transfer for clustering, a deep learning method that can incrementally manipulate the latent representations of an autoencoder, according to external categorical evidence, in order to improve a clustering outcome. By evidence transfer we define the process by which the categorical outcome of an external, auxiliary task is exploited to improve a primary task, in this case representation learning for clustering. Our proposed method makes no assumptions regarding the categorical evidence presented, nor the structure of the latent space. We compare our method, against the baseline solution by performing k-means clustering before and after its deployment. Experiments with three different kinds of evidence show that our method effectively manipulates the latent representations when introduced with real corresponding evidence, while remaining robust when presented with low quality evidence.
The Flavor Asymmetry of the Light Quark Sea from Semi-inclusive Deep-inelastic Scattering
Creators: name: Ackerstaff, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flavor asymmetry of the light quark sea of the nucleon is determined in the kinematic range 0.02
description: 7 Pages, 2 figures, RevTeX format; slight revision in text, small change in extraction of dbar-ubar and comparison with a high q2 parameterization
Additional file 6: of NKG2D signaling certifies effector CD8 T cells for memory formation
Creators: name: Perez, Cynthia
name: Kushal Prajapati
name: Burke, Brianna
name: Plaza-Rojas, Lourdes
name: Zeleznik-Le, Nancy
name: Guevara-Patino, Jose
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Endogenous effector CD8 T cells have a slightly decreased effector response in the absence of NKG2D signaling. (PDF 157 kb)
MOESM6 of Thermostability and excision activity of polymorphic forms of hOGG1
Creators: name: Mouzakis, Kathryn
name: Wu, Tiffany
name: Haushalter, Karl
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 6. Multiple sequence alignment for OGG1 from diverse organisms. Yellow bars highlight amino acid residues that were varied in this study (R46, A85, R154, and S232). Residues that participate directly in catalysis (K249 and D268) are marked in red. The secondary structure annotation is based on the high-resolution crystal structure of K249Q hOGG1 bound to DNA [20]. The conserved HhH-GPD motif is highlighted in purple. Sequences were aligned using ClustalW2 [29]. The Genbank accession numbers for the sequences used are as follows: Homo sapiens, [GenBank:AAB61340.1]; Macaca mulatta, [GenBank:XP_001096322.1]; Bos taurus, [GenBank:NP_001073754.2]; Mus musculus, [GenBank:NP_035087.3]; Rattus norvegicus, [GenBank:NP_110497.1]; Arabidopsis thaliana, [GenBank:CAC83625.1]; Drosophila melanogaster, [GenBank:NP_572499.2].
Additional file 7: of Identification of functional long non-coding RNAs in C. elegans
Creators: name: Akay, Alper
name: Jordan, David
name: Navarro, Isabela
name: Wrzesinski, Tomasz
name: Ponting, Chris
name: Miska, Eric
name: Haerty, Wilfried
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: RT-PCR of 2 lncRNAs, linc-239 and linc-339. End-point RT-PCR analysis of linc-239 and linc-339 in wild type and respective mutant animals (PDF 92 kb)
DETERMINANTS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS BEHAVIOUR: THE CASE OF TOMATO FARMERS IN GHANA
Creators: name: Aidoo-Mensah, Daniel
name: Aidoo-Mensah, Daniel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Savings
subject: Marginal propensity
subject: Tomato farmers
subject: Income
subject: Ghana

description: Much as savings plays an important role in economic development process, it has been neglected very much in favour of credit in rural communities particularly in developing countries. Against this backdrop the study sought to determine tomato farmers’ capacity to save and also to examine the determinants of savings among this group of farmers in three regions of Ghana namely Ashanti, Brong Ahafo and Upper East regions. Data was collected with the aid of structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), were used to analyse the data. Empirical results based on four models of the savings functions advocated by Keynes, Klein and Landau showed the marginal propensity to save (MPS) of the respondents to be 0.88 (88%), indicating a relatively high levels of savings among the respondents. This runs counter to Keynes’ assertion that the equalization of income distribution increases aggregate consumption, and hence, reduces savings. The study also established the hypothesis of non-linearity between savings and income among the respondents. This implies that due to lack of permanent income sources among rural dwellers, they tend to consume less of their income in order to save more for the “rainy day”. The results of the study have demonstrated that rural households particularly tomato farmers have the capacity to save which is indicated by their relatively high marginal propensity to save of 88%. This finding makes a convincing case for financial intermediaries to extend the needed financial services to rural households.
Coarse-Graining Auto-Encoders for Molecular Dynamics
Creators: name: Wang, Wujie
name: Gómez-Bombarelli, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Molecular dynamics simulations provide theoretical insight into the microscopic behavior of materials in condensed phase and, as a predictive tool, enable computational design of new compounds. However, because of the large temporal and spatial scales involved in thermodynamic and kinetic phenomena in materials, atomistic simulations are often computationally unfeasible. Coarse-graining methods allow simulating larger systems, by reducing the dimensionality of the simulation, and propagating longer timesteps, by averaging out fast motions. Coarse-graining involves two coupled learning problems; defining the mapping from an all-atom to a reduced representation, and the parametrization of a Hamiltonian over coarse-grained coordinates. Multiple statistical mechanics approaches have addressed the latter, but the former is generally a hand-tuned process based on chemical intuition. Here we present Autograin, an optimization framework based on auto-encoders to learn both tasks simultaneously. Autograin is trained to learn the optimal mapping between all-atom and reduced representation, using the reconstruction loss to facilitate the learning of coarse-grained variables. In addition, a force-matching method is applied to variationally determine the coarse-grained potential energy function. This procedure is tested on a number of model systems including single-molecule and bulk-phase periodic simulations.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures