cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gene drives for schistosomiasis transmission control
Creators: name: Maier, Theresa
name: Wheeler, Nicolas James
name: Namigai, Erica K. O.
name: Tycko, Josh
name: Grewelle, Richard Ernest
name: Woldeamanuel, Yimtubezinash
name: Klohe, Katharina
name: Perez-Saez, Javier
name: Sokolow, Susanne H.
name: De Leo, Giulio A.
name: Yoshino, Timothy P.
name: Zamanian, Mostafa
name: Reinhard-Rupp, Jutta
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Review
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Engineering and technology
subject: FOS: Engineering and technology

description: Schistosomiasis is one of the most important and widespread neglected tropical diseases (NTD), with over 200 million people infected in more than 70 countries; the disease has nearly 800 million people at risk in endemic areas. Although mass drug administration is a cost-effective approach to reduce occurrence, extent, and severity of the disease, it does not provide protection to subsequent reinfection. Interventions that target the parasites’ intermediate snail hosts are a crucial part of the integrated strategy required to move toward disease elimination. The recent revolution in gene drive technology naturally leads to questions about whether gene drives could be used to efficiently spread schistosome resistance traits in a population of snails and whether gene drives have the potential to contribute to reduced disease transmission in the long run. Responsible implementation of gene drives will require solutions to complex challenges spanning multiple disciplines, from biology to policy. This Review Article presents collected perspectives from practitioners of global health, genome engineering, epidemiology, and snail/schistosome biology and outlines strategies for responsible gene drive technology development, impact measurements of gene drives for schistosomiasis control, and gene drive governance. Success in this arena is a function of many factors, including gene-editing specificity and efficiency, the level of resistance conferred by the gene drive, how fast gene drives may spread in a metapopulation over a complex landscape, ecological sustainability, social equity, and, ultimately, the reduction of infection prevalence in humans. With combined efforts from across the broad global health community, gene drives for schistosomiasis control could fortify our defenses against this devastating disease in the future.
Evolution of trust in structured populations
Creators: name: Wang, Chaoqian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The trust game, derived from an economics experiment, has recently attracted interest in the field of evolutionary dynamics. In a recent version of the evolutionary trust game, players adopt one of three strategies: investor, trustworthy trustee, or untrustworthy trustee. Trustworthy trustees enhance and share the investment with the investor, whereas untrustworthy trustees retain the full amount, betraying the investor. Following this setup, we investigate a two-player trust game, which is analytically feasible under weak selection. We explore the evolution of trust in structured populations, factoring in four strategy updating rules: pairwise comparison (PC), birth-death (BD), imitation (IM), and death-birth (DB). Comparing structured populations with well-mixed populations, we arrive at two main conclusions. First, in the absence of untrustworthy trustees, there is a saddle point between investors and trustworthy trustees, with collaboration thriving best in well-mixed populations. The collaboration diminishes sequentially from DB to IM to PC/BD updating rules in structured populations. Second, an invasion of untrustworthy trustees makes this saddle point unstable and leads to the extinction of investors. The 3-strategy system stabilizes at an equilibrium line where the trustworthy and untrustworthy trustees coexist. The stability span of trustworthy trustees is maximally extended under the PC and BD updating rules in structured populations, while it decreases in a sequence from IM to DB updating rules, with the well-mixed population being the least favorable. This research thus adds an analytical lens to the evolution of trust in structured populations.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Applied Mathematics and Computation
A Comprehensive Analysis of the Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Modern Digital Forensics and Incident Response
Creators: name: Dunsin, Dipo
name: Ghanem, Mohamed C.
name: Ouazzane, Karim
name: Vassilev, Vassil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the dynamic landscape of digital forensics, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) stands as a transformative technology, poised to amplify the efficiency and precision of digital forensics investigations. However, the use of ML and AI in digital forensics is still in its nascent stages. As a result, this paper gives a thorough and in-depth analysis that goes beyond a simple survey and review. The goal is to look closely at how AI and ML techniques are used in digital forensics and incident response. This research explores cutting-edge research initiatives that cross domains such as data collection and recovery, the intricate reconstruction of cybercrime timelines, robust big data analysis, pattern recognition, safeguarding the chain of custody, and orchestrating responsive strategies to hacking incidents. This endeavour digs far beneath the surface to unearth the intricate ways AI-driven methodologies are shaping these crucial facets of digital forensics practice. While the promise of AI in digital forensics is evident, the challenges arising from increasing database sizes and evolving criminal tactics necessitate ongoing collaborative research and refinement within the digital forensics profession. This study examines the contributions, limitations, and gaps in the existing research, shedding light on the potential and limitations of AI and ML techniques. By exploring these different research areas, we highlight the critical need for strategic planning, continual research, and development to unlock AI's full potential in digital forensics and incident response. Ultimately, this paper underscores the significance of AI and ML integration in digital forensics, offering insights into their benefits, drawbacks, and broader implications for tackling modern cyber threats.
description: version 2 post peer review Forensic Science International Digital Investigation
Firms Growth Dynamics, Competition and Power Law Scaling
Creators: name: Gupta, Hari M.
name: Campanha, Jose R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We study the growth dynamics of the size of manufacturing firms considering competition and normal distribution of competency. We start with the fact that all components of the system struggle with each other for growth as happened in real competitive bussiness world. The detailed quantitative agreement of the theory with empirical results of firms growth based on a large economic database spanning over 20 years is good .Further we find that this basic law of competition leads approximately a power law scaling over a wide range of parameters. The empirical datas are in accordance with present theory rather than a simple power law.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Computer says 'no': Exploring systemic bias in ChatGPT using an audit approach
Creators: name: Lippens, Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Large language models offer significant potential for increasing labour productivity, such as streamlining personnel selection, but raise concerns about perpetuating systemic biases embedded into their pre-training data. This study explores the potential ethnic and gender bias of ChatGPT, a chatbot producing human-like responses to language tasks, in assessing job applicants. Using the correspondence audit approach from the social sciences, I simulated a CV screening task with 34,560 vacancy-CV combinations where the chatbot had to rate fictitious applicant profiles. Comparing ChatGPT's ratings of Arab, Asian, Black American, Central African, Dutch, Eastern European, Hispanic, Turkish, and White American male and female applicants, I show that ethnic and gender identity influence the chatbot's evaluations. Ethnic discrimination is more pronounced than gender discrimination and mainly occurs in jobs with favourable labour conditions or requiring greater language proficiency. In contrast, gender discrimination emerges in gender-atypical roles. These findings suggest that ChatGPT's discriminatory output reflects a statistical mechanism echoing societal stereotypes. Policymakers and developers should address systemic bias in language model-driven applications to ensure equitable treatment across demographic groups. Practitioners should practice caution, given the adverse impact these tools can (re)produce, especially in selection decisions involving humans.
description: 39 pages, 2 tables, 4 figures; for data and supplementary tables, see https://osf.io/vezt7
The Chemical Uniformity of High z DLA Protogalaxies
Creators: name: Prochaska, Jason X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate chemical abundance variations along the sightlines through 13 damped Lya systems (DLA). We introduce a technique designed to identify abundance variations in multiple velocity bins along the sightlines and perform a series of Monte-Carlo simulations to derive quantitative limits and values. The majority of these DLA have very uniform relative abundances: 95% c.l. upper limits of 0.2 dex dispersion along the sightline and best fit values typically
description: 13 pages, 5 figures. Uses onecolfloat.sty. Accepted to ApJ, September 3, 2002
Spin Polarization of the Low Density 3D Electron Gas
Creators: name: Zong, F. H.
name: Lin, C.
name: Ceperley, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To determine the state of spin polarization of the 3D electron gas at very low densities and zero temperature, we calculate the energy versus spin polarization using Diffusion Quantum Monte Carlo methods with backflow wavefunctions and twist averaged boundary conditions. We find a second order phase transition to a partially polarized phase at r_s = 50 \pm 2. The magnetic transition temperature is estimated using an effective mean field method, the Stoner model.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Subdiffusion-limited reactions
Creators: name: Yuste, S. B.
name: Lindenberg, Katja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the coagulation dynamics A+A -> A and A+A A and the annihilation dynamics A+A -> 0 for particles moving subdiffusively in one dimension. This scenario combines the "anomalous kinetics" and "anomalous diffusion" problems, each of which leads to interesting dynamics separately and to even more interesting dynamics in combination. Our analysis is based on the fractional diffusion equation.
The ribosomal P-stalk couples amino acid starvation to GCN2 activation in mammalian cells
Creators: name: Harding, Heather P
name: Ordonez, Adriana
name: Allen, Felicity
name: Parts, Leopold
name: Inglis, Alison J
name: Williams, Roger L
name: Ron, David
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Research Article
Cell Biology
Genetics and Genomics
integrated stress response
ribosome stalling
P-stalk
CHO
GCN2
ul10
p1
p2
Other

description: The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) kinase GCN2 is activated by amino acid starvation to elicit a rectifying physiological program known as the Integrated Stress Response (ISR). A role for uncharged tRNAs as activating ligands of yeast GCN2 is supported experimentally. However, mouse GCN2 activation has recently been observed in circumstances associated with ribosome stalling with no global increase in uncharged tRNAs. We report on a mammalian CHO cell-based CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis screen for genes that contribute to ISR activation by amino acid starvation. Disruption of genes encoding components of the ribosome P-stalk, uL10 and P1, selectively attenuated GCN2-mediated ISR activation by amino acid starvation or interference with tRNA charging without affecting the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein stress-induced ISR, mediated by the related eIF2α kinase PERK. Wildtype ribosomes isolated from CHO cells, but not those with P-stalk lesions, stimulated GCN2-dependent eIF2α phosphorylation in vitro. These observations support a model whereby lack of a cognate charged tRNA exposes a latent capacity of the ribosome P-stalk to activate GCN2 in cells and help explain the emerging link between ribosome stalling and ISR activation.
Quantum encryption with certified deletion
Creators: name: Broadbent, Anne
name: Islam, Rabib
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given a ciphertext, is it possible to prove the deletion of the underlying plaintext? Since classical ciphertexts can be copied, clearly such a feat is impossible using classical information alone. In stark contrast to this, we show that quantum encodings enable certified deletion. More precisely, we show that it is possible to encrypt classical data into a quantum ciphertext such that the recipient of the ciphertext can produce a classical string which proves to the originator that the recipient has relinquished any chance of recovering the plaintext should the decryption key be revealed. Our scheme is feasible with current quantum technology: the honest parties only require quantum devices for single-qubit preparation and measurements; the scheme is also robust against noise in these devices. Furthermore, we provide an analysis that is suitable in the finite-key regime.
description: 28 pages, 1 figure. Some technical details modified
On the James and Hilton-Milnor Splittings, & the metastable EHP sequence
Creators: name: Devalapurkar, Sanath K.
name: Haine, Peter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This note provides modern proofs of some classical results in algebraic topology, such as the James Splitting, the Hilton-Milnor Splitting, and the metastable EHP sequence. We prove fundamental splitting results \begin{equation*} ΣΩΣX \simeq ΣX \vee (X\wedge ΣΩΣX) \quad \text{and} \quad Ω(X \vee Y) \simeq ΩX\times ΩY\times ΩΣ(ΩX \wedge ΩY) \end{equation*} in the maximal generality of an $\infty$-category with finite limits and pushouts in which pushouts squares remain pushouts after basechange along an arbitrary morphism (i.e., Mather's Second Cube Lemma holds). For connected objects, these imply the classical James and Hilton-Milnor Splittings. Moreover, working in this generality shows that the James and Hilton-Milnor splittings hold in many new contexts, for example in: elementary $\infty$-topoi, profinite spaces, and motivic spaces over arbitrary base schemes. The splitting result in this last context extend Wickelgren and Williams' splitting result for motivic spaces over a perfect field. We also give two proofs of the metastable EHP sequence in the setting of $\infty$-topoi: the first is a new, non-computational proof that only utilizes basic connectedness estimates involving the James filtration and the Blakers-Massey Theorem, while the second reduces to the classical computational proof.
description: Comments very welcome. v5: 29 pages. Final journal version. v4: 28 pages. Corrected some errors around connectedness hypotheses in the infinite splitting results. v3: Corrected some minor mistakes regarding connectivity degrees. 23 pages. v2: Minor adjustments to exposition. Corrected some typos. 22 pages. v1: 22 pages
A Phylogenomic Analysis of the Floral Transcriptomes of Sexually Deceptive and Rewarding European Orchids, Ophrys and Gymnadenia
Creators: name: Piñeiro Fernández, Laura
name: Byers, Kelsey J. R .P.
name: Cai, Jing
name: Sedeek, Khalid E. M.
name: Kellenberger, Roman T.
name: Russo, Alessia
name: Qi, Weihong
name: Aquino Fournier, Catharine
name: Schlüter, Philipp M.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Plant Science
phylogenomics
orchids
Ophrys
Gymnadenia
transcriptome
pollination strategy

description: The orchids (Orchidaceae) constitute one of the largest and most diverse families of flowering plants. They have evolved a great variety of adaptations to achieve pollination by a diverse group of pollinators. Many orchids reward their pollinators, typically with nectar, but the family is also well-known for employing deceptive pollination strategies in which there is no reward for the pollinator, in the most extreme case by mimicking sexual signals of pollinators. In the European flora, two examples of these different pollination strategies are the sexually deceptive genus Ophrys and the rewarding genus Gymnadenia, which differ in their level of pollinator specialization; Ophrys is typically pollinated by pseudo-copulation of males of a single insect species, whilst Gymnadenia attracts a broad range of floral visitors. Here, we present and describe the annotated floral transcriptome of Ophrys iricolor, an Andrena-pollinated representative of the genus Ophrys that is widespread throughout the Aegean. Furthermore, we present additional floral transcriptomes of both sexually deceptive and rewarding orchids, specifically the deceptive Ophrys insectifera, Ophrys aymoninii, and an updated floral transcriptome of Ophrys sphegodes, as well as the floral transcriptomes of the rewarding orchids Gymnadenia conopsea, Gymnadenia densiflora, Gymnadenia odoratissima, and Gymnadenia rhellicani (syn. Nigritella rhellicani). Comparisons of these novel floral transcriptomes reveal few annotation differences between deceptive and rewarding orchids. Since together, these transcriptomes provide a representative sample of the genus-wide taxonomic diversity within Ophrys and Gymnadenia (Orchidoideae: Orchidinae), we employ a phylogenomic approach to address open questions of phylogenetic relationships within the genera. Specifically, this includes the controversial placement of O. insectifera within the Ophrys phylogeny and the placement of “Nigritella”-type morphologies within the phylogeny of Gymnadenia. Whereas in Gymnadenia, several conflicting topologies are supported by a similar number of gene trees, a majority of Ophrys gene topologies clearly supports a placement of O. insectifera as sister to a clade containing O. sphegodes.
Re-assessing the diversity of negative strand RNA viruses in insects
Creators: name: Käfer, Simon
name: Paraskevopoulou, Sofia
name: Zirkel, Florian
name: Wieseke, Nicolas
name: Donath, Alexander
name: Petersen, Malte
name: Jones, Terry C.
name: Liu, Shanlin
name: Zhou, Xin
name: Middendorf, Martin
name: Junglen, Sandra
name: Misof, Bernhard
name: Drosten, Christian
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The spectrum of viruses in insects is important for subjects as diverse as public health, veterinary medicine, food production, and biodiversity conservation. The traditional interest in vector-borne diseases of humans and livestock has drawn the attention of virus studies to hematophagous insect species. However, these represent only a tiny fraction of the broad diversity of Hexapoda, the most speciose group of animals. Here, we systematically probed the diversity of negative strand RNA viruses in the largest and most representative collection of insect transcriptomes from samples representing all 34 extant orders of Hexapoda and 3 orders of Entognatha, as well as outgroups, altogether representing 1243 species. Based on profile hidden Markov models we detected 488 viral RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRp) sequences with similarity to negative strand RNA viruses. These were identified in members of 324 arthropod species. Selection for length, quality, and uniqueness left 234 sequences for analyses, showing similarity to genomes of viruses classified in Bunyavirales (n = 86), Articulavirales (n = 54), and several orders within Haploviricotina (n = 94). Coding-complete genomes or nearly-complete subgenomic assemblies were obtained in 61 cases. Based on phylogenetic topology and the availability of coding-complete genomes we estimate that at least 20 novel viral genera in seven families need to be defined, only two of them monospecific. Seven additional viral clades emerge when adding sequences from the present study to formerly monospecific lineages, potentially requiring up to seven additional genera. One long sequence may indicate a novel family. For segmented viruses, cophylogenies between genome segments were generally improved by the inclusion of viruses from the present study, suggesting that in silico misassembly of segmented genomes is rare or absent. Contrary to previous assessments, significant virus-host codivergence was identified in major phylogenetic lineages based on two different approaches of codivergence analysis in a hypotheses testing framework. In spite of these additions to the known spectrum of viruses in insects, we caution that basing taxonomic decisions on genome information alone is challenging due to technical uncertainties, such as the inability to prove integrity of complete genome assemblies of segmented viruses.
Chiral symmetry and strangeness content in nuclear physics parametrized by a medium dependent bag constant
Creators: name: Aguirre, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-perturbative QCD vacuum effects at finite density are parametrized by means of a bag constant $B$. It is extracted from a Nambu- Jona Lasinio model with two or three flavors. The parameter $B$ is used in an effective quark-meson coupling model to study the nuclear phenomenology. We examine the nucleon structure and the thermodynamical properties of symmetric nuclear matter, particular attention is paid to the symmetry energy and to the eventual phase transition to deconfined quark matter. An alternative sketch of the binding mechanism of symmetric nuclear matter emerges within this approach. It is also found that the inclusion of strangeness content in $B$ is crucial for an appropriate description.
description: 7 pages LaTeX, 3 PostScript figures, Minor changes, References added, Results not changed
Magnetic and lattice polaron in Holstein-t-J model
Creators: name: Cappelluti, E.
name: Ciuchi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the interplay between the formation of lattice and magnetic polaron in the case of a single hole in the antiferromagnetic background. We present an exact analytical solution of the Holstein-t-J model in infinite dimensions. Ground state energy, electron-lattice correlation function, spin bag dimension as well as spectral properties are calculated. The magnetic and hole-lattice correlations sustain each other, i.e. the presence of antiferromagnetic correlations favors the formation of the lattice polaron at lower value of the electron-phonon coupling while the polaronic effect contributes to reduce the number of spin defects in the antiferromagnetic background. The crossover towards a spin-lattice small polaron region of the phase diagram becomes a discontinuous transition in the adiabatic limit.
description: revtex, 8 eps figures included NEW version. Appendix with a full proof included
Logic of Awareness in Agent's Reasoning
Creators: name: Kubono, Yudai
name: Racharak, Teeradaj
name: Tojo, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The aim of this study is to formally express awareness for modeling practical agent communication. The notion of awareness has been proposed as a set of propositions for each agent, to which he/she pays attention, and has contributed to avoiding \textit{logical omniscience}. However, when an agent guesses another agent's knowledge states, what matters are not propositions but are accessible possible worlds. Therefore, we introduce a partition of possible worlds connected to awareness, that is an equivalence relation, to denote \textit{indistinguishable} worlds. Our logic is called Awareness Logic with Partition ($\mathcal{ALP}$). In this paper, we first show a running example to illustrate a practical social game. Thereafter, we introduce syntax and Kripke semantics of the logic and prove its completeness. Finally, we outline an idea to incorporate some epistemic actions with dynamic operators that change the state of awareness.
description: A version reflecting the corrections of errors. The results are the same as originally stated. The erratum to arXiv:2309.09214v2 is attached at the end
STACEE Observations of Markarian 421 During an Extended Gamma-Ray Outburst
Creators: name: STACEE Collaboration
name: Boone, L. M.
name: Hinton, J. A.
name: Bramel, D.
name: Chae, E.
name: Covault, C. E.
name: Fortin, P.
name: Gingrich, D. M.
name: Hanna, D. S.
name: Mukherjee, R.
name: Mueller, C.
name: Ong, R. A.
name: Ragan, K.
name: Scalzo, R. A.
name: Schuette, D. R.
name: Theoret, C. G.
name: Williams, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The active galaxy Markarian 421 underwent a substantial outburst in early 2001. Between January and May of that year, the STACEE detector was used to observe the source in gamma-rays between the energies of 50 and 500 GeV. These observations represent the lowest energy gamma-ray detection of this outburst by a ground-based experiment. Here we present results from these observations, which indicate an average integral gamma-ray flux of (8.0 +/- 0.7 +/- 1.5)x10^-10 1/cm^2/s. above 140 GeV. We also present a light curve for Markarian 421 as observed by STACEE from March to May, and compare our temporal, as well as spectral, measurements to those of other experiments.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, submitted to ApJL
EMBODIED REALITIES
Creators: name: Raqi, Syed
name: Tanu, Gago
name: Mark, Williams
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2025

description: An 66-page e-book developed from the 2022 exhibition Otherwise-image-worlds, which featured installations by four Aotearoa artists Juliet Carpenter, Tanu Gago, Ary Jansen, and Sorawit Songsataya, alongside UK artist Danielle Brathwaite-Shirley. This reader features conversations and writing from the artists and Raqi Syed, Sebastjan Brank, Ruth Watson, and curator of the commissions, Tendai Mutambu.
Methodology to measure the benefits and costs of Rural road closure: a kansas case study
Creators: name: Babock, Michael W.
name: Babock, Michael W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Institutional and Behavioral Economics
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: While rural roads are essential to state economies, increasing farm size and the corresponding increase in farm vehicle size coupled with declining rural population have stressed the rural road system. As county population declines the financial ability of counties to maintain and rebuild the road and bridge system isn't keeping up with the rate of deterioration. If counties can't maintain the rural road system as it currently exists, reducing the size of the system should be considered. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology that can be used to evaluate rural road investment or disinvestment proposals. The overall objective of the paper is to estimate the economic impact on selected county road systems from reducing the size of the system. The specific objectives include (a) for a sample of three Kansas counties measure the benefits and costs of keeping the road system as it currently exists and (b) for the same sample of Kansas counties measure the benefits and costs of several scenarios of county road closure. The objectives are achieved using the transportation network model TransCAD produced by Caliper Corporation. TransCAD calculates the total minimum travel cost for all rural resident trips assuming the county road network as it currently exists. Then selected low traffic volume road segments are removed from the network and TransCAD recalculates total minimum travel costs for rural resident trips. The difference between the two travel costs simulations is the cost of the assumed closed roads. The benefit of road closure is the avoided maintenance and reconstruction costs of the closed road segments. Total benefit is calculated by multiplying the number of miles of road to be closed by the avoided maintenance cost per mile. The main conclusion is that rural counties will be able to save money by closing some relatively low traffic volume roads and redirecting the savings toward increasing the quality of other county roads. Counties with relatively extensive road systems (miles of road per square mile) and relatively high population density are less likely to realize savings from road closure. In contrast, counties with less extensive road systems and relatively low population density are more likely to realize significant savings from closure of relatively low volume roads.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Youth Intolerance of Uncertainty - Parent-Report (YIU-PR)
Creators: name: Wong, Joyce X.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 5203
subject: Clinical and health psychology
classificationCode: 520302
subject: Clinical psychology
classificationCode: 5201
subject: Applied and developmental psychology
classificationCode: 520101
subject: Child and adolescent development

description: The Youth Intolerance of Uncertainty – Parent-Report (YIU-PR) was created to assess intolerance of uncertainty (IU) in children and adolescents in a developmentally sensitive manner (Wong & Caporino, 2023). Preliminary validation of the YIU-PR evidenced support for a 4-factor structure and clinical utility for use with youth with and without elevated anxiety and OCD symptoms. The present study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to evaluate the factor structure of the YIU-PR in a sample of caregivers with children ages 6 to 17 years old (N = 647). Findings supported a revised 22-item YIU-PR, with evidence of good fit for both first-order and second-order factor models (total score and scores for four subscales: Difficulty Tolerating Waiting Periods, Doubting and Reassurance Seeking, Overestimation of Negative Events, and Physical and Behavioral Responses). In both models, configural and metric invariance by age were fully supported, in addition to partial scalar invariance. The second-order factor model reflects the theoretical basis for the development of the YIU-PR. In support of convergent and divergent validity, the YIU-PR was more strongly correlated with other measures of youth IU than with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and anger. The YIU-PR subscales were differentially associated with parent-reported youth anxiety and OCD symptoms in the full sample and in the subsample with elevated symptoms. Lastly, the association of youth IU to symptoms of anxiety and OCD significantly differed by youth IU measures. Overall, assessment of youth IU subcomponents using the YIU-PR may allow for greater personalization of psychological intervention.
The Transportation Emission Impact of the Biomass Feedstock Traffic of A Potential Commercial-Scale Biorefinery in East Tennessee
Creators: name: Yu, Edward T.
name: Fu, Joshua S.
name: Larson, James A.
name: English, Burton C.
name: De La Torre Ugarte, Daniel
name: Wilson, Bradly
name: Yun, Jeongran
name: Gao, Yuan
name: Calcagno, Jimmy
name: Yu, Edward T.
name: Fu, Joshua S.
name: Larson, James A.
name: English, Burton C.
name: De La Torre Ugarte, Daniel
name: Wilson, Bradly
name: Yun, Jeongran
name: Gao, Yuan
name: Calcagno, Jimmy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
Risk and Uncertainty

description: The logistics required to supply biomass feedstock a refinery is crucial to the development of the cellulosic biofuel industry because of the importance of the quality and quantity and bulky nature associated with cellulosic feedstock to the biofuel conversion process. In addition, the potential social and environmental impact of biomass feedstock transportation has also received increasing attention due to the expansion of truck traffic on the current road system. This study applies a spatial-oriented mixed-integer mathematical programming model linked to a GIS resource model to generate a least cost solution of a typical feedstock harvest and logistic system for a potential biorefinery with the capacity of 50 million gallons per year. Moreover, U.S. EPA’s MOVES2010a was used to estimate the baseline emissions for 2010 with national scale option in study region and additional emissions generated from hauling those feedstock with project scale option. Results showed that the transportation cost accounted for nearly one-quarter of total plant gate costs of the large round bales. Also, it was estimated that the biorefinery received about 50,000 truckloads per year, hence creating annually 100,000 truck trips (or 274 truck trips per day) on the road linking the entrance of the biorefinery to the supply regions. The overall VMT increase resulting from additional feedstock truck traffics was 3.7 million miles and the emissions of NOX, CO2, PM10, and PM2.5 emissions increased by 0.32%, 0.13%, 0.60%, and 0.71%, respectively, in these 13 counties studied when comparing with the overall baseline emissions.
Health effects of walking to transit
Creators: name: Hoback, Alan
name: Anderson, Scott
name: Dutta, Utpal
name: Hoback, Alan
name: Anderson, Scott
name: Dutta, Utpal
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Post-industrial society is centered on sedentary lifestyles. This has caused obesity rates to rise and related health problems to amplify. Obesity is only one result of sedentary life, but it is a sufficient indicator of physical activity. However, regions of the US with more effective transit systems are less susceptible to obesity because their residents walk more by going to transit. The health benefits of walking to transit are quantified. While walking to transit, riders burn calories, which controls body weight, and the physical activity makes them more healthy. This healthiness is reflected in an improved quality of life. When people are physically active, they have less absenteeism at work, are more productive, and their employers pay less for health insurance.
Schrieffer-Wolff transformation for non-Hermitian systems: application for $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric circuit QED
Creators: name: Starkov, Grigory A.
name: Fistul, Mikhail V.
name: Eremin, Ilya M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combining non-hermiticity and interactions yields novel effects in open quantum many-body systems. Here, we develop the generalized Schrieffer-Wolff transformation and derive the effective Hamiltonian suitable for various quasi-degenerate \textit{non-Hermitian} systems. We apply our results to an exemplary $\mathcal{PT}$--symmetric circuit QED composed of two non-Hermitian qubits embedded in a lossless resonator. We consider a resonant quantum circuit as $|ω_r-Ω| \ll ω_r$, where $Ω$ and $ω_r$ are qubits and resonator frequencies, respectively, providing well-defined groups of quasi-degenerate resonant states. For such a system, using direct numerical diagonalization we obtain the dependence of the low-lying eigenspectrum on the interaction strength between a single qubit and the resonator, $g$, and the gain (loss) parameter $γ$, and compare that with the eigenvalues obtained analytically using the effective Hamiltonian of resonant states. We identify $\mathcal{PT}$--symmetry broken and unbroken phases, trace the formation of Exceptional Points of the second and the third order, and provide a complete phase diagram $g-γ$ of low-lying resonant states. We relate the formation of Exceptional Points to the additional $\mathcal{P}$-pseudo-Hermitian symmetry of the system and show that non-hermiticity mixes the "dark" and the "bright" states, which has a direct experimental consequence.
Theory of spin-polarized bipolar transport in magnetic p-n junctions
Creators: name: Fabian, Jaroslav
name: Zutic, Igor
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay between spin and charge transport in electrically and magnetically inhomogeneous semiconductor systems is investigated theoretically. In particular, the theory of spin-polarized bipolar transport in magnetic p-n junctions is formulated, generalizing the classic Shockley model. The theory assumes that in the depletion layer the nonequilibrium chemical potentials of spin up and spin down carriers are constant and carrier recombination and spin relaxation are inhibited. Under the general conditions of an applied bias and externally injected (source) spin, the model formulates analytically carrier and spin transport in magnetic p-n junctions at low bias. The evaluation of the carrier and spin densities at the depletion layer establishes the necessary boundary conditions for solving the diffusive transport equations in the bulk regions separately, thus greatly simplifying the problem. The carrier and spin density and current profiles in the bulk regions are calculated and the I-V characteristics of the junction are obtained. It is demonstrated that spin injection through the depletion layer of a magnetic p-n junction is not possible unless nonequilibrium spin accumulates in the bulk regions--either by external spin injection or by the application of a large bias. Implications of the theory for majority spin injection across the depletion layer, minority spin pumping and spin amplification, giant magnetoresistance, spin-voltaic effect, biasing electrode spin injection, and magnetic drift in the bulk regions are discussed in details, and illustrated using the example of a GaAs based magnetic p-n junction.
description: 36 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables
Evidence for goodness of fit in Karl Pearson chi-squared statistics
Creators: name: Staudte, Robert G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62P

description: Chi-squared tests for lack of fit are traditionally employed to find evidence against a hypothesized model, with the model accepted if the Karl Pearson statistic comparing observed and expected numbers of observations falling within cells is not significantly large. However, if one really wants evidence for goodness of fit, it is better to adopt an equivalence testing approach in which small values of the chi-squared statistic are evidence for the desired model. This method requires one to define what is meant by equivalence to the desired model, and guidelines are proposed. Then a simple extension of the classical normalizing transformation for the non-central chi-squared distribution places these values on a simple to interpret calibration scale for evidence. It is shown that the evidence can distinguish between normal and nearby models, as well between the Poisson and over-dispersed models. Applications to evaluation of random number generators and to uniformity of the digits of pi are included. Sample sizes required to obtain a desired expected evidence for goodness of fit are also provided.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables this is a substantial revision over the first arkived version. The published version (see below) also includes R code and more examples as supplementary material
Anaceratagallia Zachvatkin Status 1946
Creators: name: C. A. Viraktamath
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Anaceratagallia

description: Key to species of Anaceratagallia of the Oriental region
 1. Anal collar process tridentate (Fig. 100); aedeagus wih two subapcial teeth-like processes (Figs 104, 105) (north India)......................................................................................... A. cuspidata (Dlabola)
- Anal collar process with one or two distal subacute projections; aedeagus without processes.......................... 2
 2. Anal collar process with ventral subacute and dorsal acute projections (Figs 109, 113), caudal margin between them either smooth or crenulated (Fig. 115) (India)..................................................... A. robusta (Pruthi)
- Anal collar process with only one subacute projection (Figs 106, 121)............................................ 3
 3. Aedeagal shaft with one subapical tooth on dorsal margin...................................... A. aciculata Horváth
- Aedeagus lacking subapical tooth on dorsal margin........................................................... 4
 4. Anal collar process obliquely truncate (Fig. 121) (north India)......... A. srinagarensis (Kameswara Rao & Ramakrishnan)
 - Anal collar process with dorsal margin slightly curved, with finger-like blunt projection of more or less uniform width, its origin on the main body marked by thickening (Fig. 106) (India)................................ A. pararobusta (Pruthi)
description: Published as part of C. A. Viraktamath, 2011, Revision of the Oriental and Australian Agalliini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae) 2844, pp. 1-118 in Zootaxa 2844 on page 16
The kinetic and interaction energies of a trapped Bose gas: Beyond the mean field
Creators: name: Cherny, A. Yu.
name: Shanenko, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The kinetic and interaction energies of a three-dimensional dilute ground-state Bose gas confined in a trap are calculated beyond a mean-field treatment. They are found to depend on the pairwise interaction trough two characteristic lengths: the first, a, is the well-known scattering length and the second, b, is related to the latter by b=a-λd a/dλwith λbeing the coupling constant. Numerical estimations show that the pairwise interaction energy of a dilute gas of alkali atoms in a trap is negative (in spite of the positive scattering length); its absolute value is found by about the order of magnitude larger than that of the mean-field interaction energy that corresponds to the last term in the Gross-Pitaevskii functional.
description: 5 pages, REVTeX, 1 figure inserted
Faithful representations of SL(2) over truncated Witt vectors
Creators: name: McNinch, George J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20G05; 20G15; 20G30

description: Let G be the six dimensional linear algebraic k-group SL_2(W_2), where W_2 is the ring of Witt vectors of length two over the algebraically closed field k of characteristic p>2. Then the minimal dimension of a faithful rational k-representation of G is p+3.
description: New title. New section 9 contains a finite group version of the main result. 11 pages, AMS LaTeX. To appear in the Journal of Algebra
Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Erratum to: MINE: Module Identification in Networks
Creators: name: Kahn Rhrissorrakrai
name: Gunsalus, Kristin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Expanded Conceptual Overview of MINE Procedure. The general procedure for the core MINE algorithm is presented with an example input network, vwp = 0.4 and msp = 0.9. The clustering procedure begins with the highest weighted node, where node weights are assigned as v w = k max * d ( v w = vertex weight, k max = largest edge count within node’s local neighborhood, d = density ). Nodes are numbered in order visited. Current clusters (blue) are compared to candidate clusters (orange). A node is added to a growing cluster if it passes either of the following criteria: 1) its v w is within the specified range, or 2) the new cluster modularity (m) is within the specified range. The values of v w and m for current and candidate clusters are indicated below each illustrated step; a check mark (or “x”) is placed next to each value if addition of the new node passes (or fails) the corresponding test. After all possible candidate nodes are visited, the preliminary cluster is processed to remove singly-connected nodes and merged with existing clusters if amount of overlap meets the user-defined threshold. (PDF 338 kb)
Interaction-Aware Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Mobile Agents with Individual Goals
Creators: name: Mohseni-Kabir, Anahita
name: Isele, David
name: Fujimura, Kikuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In a multi-agent setting, the optimal policy of a single agent is largely dependent on the behavior of other agents. We investigate the problem of multi-agent reinforcement learning, focusing on decentralized learning in non-stationary domains for mobile robot navigation. We identify a cause for the difficulty in training non-stationary policies: mutual adaptation to sub-optimal behaviors, and we use this to motivate a curriculum-based strategy for learning interactive policies. The curriculum has two stages. First, the agent leverages policy gradient algorithms to learn a policy that is capable of achieving multiple goals. Second, the agent learns a modifier policy to learn how to interact with other agents in a multi-agent setting. We evaluated our approach on both an autonomous driving lane-change domain and a robot navigation domain.