Otoniela Brescovit 1997
Creators: name: Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M.
name: De Alvarenga, José Geraldo G.
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Anyphaenidae
Otoniela

description: Otoniela Brescovit, 1997
Otoniela Brescovit, 1997: 58, 59 (type species by original designation: Otoniela adisi Brescovit, 1997: 60).
Diagnosis. Males of Otoniela resemble those of (Anyphaenoides Berland, 1913, Buckupiella Brescovit, 1997, Iguarima Brescovit, 1997, Jessica Brescovit, 1997, Luppetiana Brescovit, 1997, Pipphuana Brescovit, 1997, Tafana Simon, 1903, Thaloe Brescovit, 1993 and Wulfila O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895) by having a sclerotized ventral tegular projection (VTP) in the copulatory bulb (see Brescovit 1997). They differs by the VTP transversal, triangular with wide base (Figs 1F; 3A, G, H; 4C; 5G, H; 6C, D; 7A, D) or pointed (Figs 9C, D; 10G, H; 11C, D). The VTP is conical prolaterally inserted in Anyphaenoides (see Brescovit, 1997: fig. 94); basal, short in Buckupiella (see Brescovit, 1997: fig. 179); filiform ventrally inserted in Iguarima and Jessica (see Brescovit, 1997: figs. 79; 85); shell-shaped in Luppetiana (see Brescovit, 1997: fig. 157); long, pointed, prolaterally inserted in Pipphuana (see Brescovit, 1997: fig. 305); conical, inserted nearly median apophysis in Tafana (see Oliveira & Brescovit, 2021: figs 12A–C); slender in Thaloe (see Brescovit, 1997: fig. 44) and massive, elongated, medially inserted in Anyphaena and Wulfila (see Brescovit, 1997: figs 11; 16). Additionally, Otoniela males present a transversal oblique subtegulum, prominent in ventral view in the unexpanded palp, embolar basal apophysis short, with central furrow and spermatic duct retrolaterally shaped in a semicircle in ventral view (Figs 1F; 3A, G, H; 4C; 5D, G; 6C; 7C; 9C; 10G; 11C). Females of Otoniela resemble those of Isigonia Simon, 1896, Ilocomba Brescovit, 1997 and Buckupiella Brescovit, 1997 by the globous spermathecae, positioned in the anterior region of the vulva (see Brescovit 1997a, figs 119–120; 183) those of Xiruana Brescovit, 1997 by the presence of Bennett’s gland (see Ramírez 2014, fig 168D; Figs 3K, L). They differ by the epigynum with posterior semicircular lateral borders, the extremely short seminal receptacles, inserted basally in the spermathecae and by the absence of median septum in the epigynal plate (Figs 1J; 3K, L; 4F; 5I, J 6G; 7G; 8C). The epigynal plate has a median septum in Xiruana (see Oliveira & Brescovit, 2015: fig. 2G); seminal receptacle inconspicuous and atrium extremely short in Isigonia (see Brescovit, 1997: figs 119, 120); an inconspicuous, short seminal receptacle in anterior region of the vulva in Ilocomba (see Brescovit, 1997: fig. 209); and a long, coiled copulatory ducts and separated spermathecae in Buckupiella (see Brescovit, 1997: figs 182, 183).
Description. See Brescovit (1997: 58–59). Complementary data: Carapace sub-oval, narrow in anterior region, and enlarged near coxae II–III, cephalic region moderately high (Figs 1A, B; 4A, B; 6A; 7A, B). Eyes, in dorsal view, with anterior row slightly recurved and posterior row straight (Figs 1A, B, 4A, B; 6A, 7A, B; 8A, 9A, B). Chelicerae long and projected, with vertical length approximately half the length of the carapace in males, in females shorter, with a third of the carapace length. Basal condyle conspicuous accented (Figs 1A, C; 4A; 6A; 7A; 9A) with median excavation (Figs 1A, C; 5A) with 4–6 promarginal teeth and 4–7 retromarginal denticles (Figs 2A, B; 5B, C; 10A) and base of fang with or without protuberance (Figs 1A, C; 5A, B; 10A). Tibiae with four pairs of robust macrosetae in ventral view (Figs 2G; 8B). Two rows of trichobothria with striated base on dorsum of the metatarsi and tarsi I–IV (Fig. 2J). Tarsal organ teardrop-shaped, on the distal region of tarsus (Fig. 2K), slit sensilla elongated on the tarsus (Fig. 2L). Paired tarsal claws with 5–8 teeth (Fig. 2H, I). Male palp: retrolateral patellar apophysis conical in retrolateral view (Figs 1H; 3C–E; 4E; 5E, F; 6E; 7E; 9E; 10C–E); with basal lyriform organ (Figs 3E; 5F; 10E); dorsal patellar apophysis short, unique or bifid (Figs 1H; 3F; 5F; 10F); apical prolateral tibial apophysis short and conical (Figs 1G; 3B; 5D; 6D; 7D; 9D; 10B; 11D); retrolateral tibial apophysis short with rounded apex and presenting constriction or furrow in the middle region (Figs 3D; 5F; 10D); cymbium oval with or without robust macrosetae in prolatero-apical region (Figs. 3A, G; 5D, G; 9D; 10G, H); petiole basally falciform (Figs 1D, E); subtegulum basally striated, prominent, transversely positioned in prolateral region in the unexpanded palp (Figs 1D, E; Brescovit 1997: figs 123, 124); tegulum with sclerotized ventral tegular projection with large base and tapered apex, inserted apically (Figs 1F; 3G, E; 4C; 5H; 6C; 7C; 9C; 10G, H); median apophysis sclerotized, short, unique or bifid, with or without denticle in the middle region and with a curved apex (Figs 3H, I; 5H; 10H); sperm duct presenting three or four loops in expanded palp (Figs. 1D, E; see Brescovit 1997: figs 123, 124); unexpanded palp two loops in ventral view, forming a prolateral semicircle (Figs 1F; 4C; 6C; 7C; 9C); embolus long (Figs 10G, H) or short (Figs. 3G–I; 5G, H), filiform and curved retro-apically (Figs 1F; 3G–I; 5G, H; 6C; 7C; 10G, H); basal embolar apophysis, when present, short, conical or pointed. (Figs 3G, H; 5G, H; 10G, H). Abdomen oval, tracheal spiracle curved in the middle of the abdomen in ventral view (Fig. 8B); Spinnerets (only male of Otoniela adisi surveyed): anterior spinnerets bisegmented, with basal article large and distal article conical, with several piriform gland spigots and one ampullate glands spigot (Fig. 2D); median spinnerets unsegmented, with several aciniform and ampullate gland spigots (Fig. 2E); posterior spinnerets bisegmented with basal and distal articles cylindrical, one third longer than the others, with several aciniform gland spigots, without ampullate and cylindrical gland spigot (Fig. 2F); colulus substituted by a cluster of 8–10 setae (Fig. 2C). Epigynum without anterior hood (Figs 1J; 4F; 6F; 7F; 8C; 9F; 10I), with short basal lateral borders, semicircular or inverted V-shaped (Figs 1J; 4F; 6G; 7G; 8C; 9F; 10I), atrium short (Figs 1J; 4F; 6G; 7G; 8C; 9F; 10I), copulatory openings inconspicuous (Figs 1J; 4F; 6F; 7F; 8C; 9F; 10I). Internally with short, straight and curved copulatory ducts (Figs 3J; 4G; 5I; 6H; 7H; 8D; 9G), short seminal receptacles near the spermathecae (Figs 3J–L; 5J), globous spermathecae projected toward anterior region of the vulva, with Bennett’s gland in the basal portion of the spermathecae (Figs 3J–L; 4G; 5I, J; 6H; 7H; 8D; 9G) and short fertilization ducts (Figs. 3J; 5J; 6H; 7H; 8D; 9G).
description: Published as part of Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M., De Alvarenga, José Geraldo G. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2023, On the Neotropical spider genus Otoniela Brescovit, 1997 (Araneae: Anyphaenidae, Anyphaeninae), with the description of six new species, pp. 1-23 in Zootaxa 5383 (1) on pages 2-3, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5383.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10301516