cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Social Media in Learning and Teaching: A Bibliometric-based Citation Analysis
Creators: name: Shaikh, Abdul
name: Ali, Saqib
name: Al-Maamari, Ramla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents the results of a systematic review of the literature on the impact of social media in learning and teaching through bibliometric based Citation analysis. The objective of the review was to map the evolution of the current literature and identify the leading sources of knowledge in terms of the most influential journals, authors, and articles. From a total of 50 top most relevant articles selected from the Scopus database, a detailed citation analysis was conducted. The study explored the overall theoretical foundation of social media research involving in learning and studying and identified the leading sources of knowledge in terms of and papers and revealed research trends over the last four years by citation analysis. The analysis of citation data showed that International Journal of Management Education is the leading journal in social media in learning and teaching research. Author Abdullah Z was found to be the leading author in this field in terms of a total number of publications, total citations, and h index, while the most cited article was authored by Baaran S. and by Bapitha L. The contribution of this study is to clearly outline the current state of knowledge regarding social media in learning and teaching services in the literature.
description: 14 Pages
title: Patentrecht in der Europäischen Union und in der Russischen Föderation
Creators: name: Teufner, Irina
Year: 2023

description: Diese Arbeit untersucht die Schlüsselkomponenten und aktuellen Entwicklungen der Patentsysteme in der Europäischen Union und der Russischen Föderation. In der EU besteht das Patentsystem aus nationalen Patentämtern und dem Europäischen Patentamt, wobei das kommende Einheitspatent eine Harmonisierung und Vereinfachung des Systems verspricht. Im Gegensatz dazu wird das russische Patentsystem vom Bundesdienst für geistiges Eigentum (Rospatent) verwaltet und verfolgt einen eher nationalen Ansatz. In den letzten Jahren haben in beiden Rechtsräumen erhebliche Veränderungen und Reformen stattgefunden, ein-schließlich der Schritte zur Implementierung des Einheitspatents in der Europäischen Union und der Novellierungen im russischen Recht zur Verbesserung des Schutzes von Gebrauchsmustern und zur Beschleunigung von Patentverfahren. Trotz dieser Unterschiede teilen beide Systeme Gemeinsamkeiten wie die grundsätzliche Patentierbarkeit von Erfindungen, die neu, erfinderisch und gewerblich anwendbar sein müssen. Zukünftige Entwicklungen werden wahrscheinlich so-wohl von internen Reformbestrebungen als auch von externen Faktoren wie internationalen Abkommen, technologischem Fortschritt und globalen Wirtschaftstrends beeinflusst werden. Die Studie unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit, die Entwicklungen in beiden Regionen kontinuierlich zu beobachten und zu analysieren, um die Auswirkungen auf die Patentpraxis und -politik zu verstehen.
An Immature Retroviral RNA Genome Resembles a Kinetically Trapped Intermediate State
Creators: name: Allbritton, N. L.
name: Kottegoda, S.
name: Gorelick, R. J.
name: Grohman, J. K.
name: Rein, A.
name: Weeks, K. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Retroviral virions initially assemble in an immature form that differs from that of the mature infectious particle. The RNA genomes in both immature and infectious particles are dimers, and interactions between the RNA dimer and the viral Gag protein ensure selective packaging into nascent immature virions. We used high-sensitivity selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) to obtain nucleotide-resolution structural information from scarce, femtomole quantities of Moloney murine leukemia virus (MuLV) RNA inside authentic virions and from viral RNA extracted from immature (protease-minus) virions. Our secondary structure model of the dimerization and packaging domain indicated that a stable intermolecular duplex known as PAL2, previously shown to be present in mature infectious MuLV particles, was sequestered in an alternate stem-loop structure inside immature virions. The intermediate state corresponded closely to a late-folding intermediate that we detected in time-resolved studies of the free MuLV RNA, suggesting that the immature RNA structure reflects trapping of the intermediate folding state by interactions in the immature virion. We propose models for the RNA-protein interactions that trap the RNA in the immature state and for the conformational rearrangement that occurs during maturation of virion particles.
Particle size and stability of plant-based milks - insights from various analytical techniques
Creators: name: Kayeye, Tina Nduaya
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310101
subject: Analytical biochemistry

description: The popularity of plant-based milks worldwide has driven manufacturers to develop products that closely resemble traditional cow's milk in terms of nutritional, functional, and sensory qualities. Understanding the emulsions of these milks is vital for their production. Particle size and pH control mouthfeel, texture, and stability of milks. This study aimed to establish quality control methods by examining the particle size distribution of ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated soy, almond, and oat milk, along with UHT-treated bovine milk, using various techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), laser diffraction (LD), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The milks demonstrated varying particle sizes, mostly below 1 μm, but some larger particles (>1 μm) were detected, potentially comprising protein aggregates, suspended solids, or fibres. CLSM confirmed lipid aggregation in plant-based milks. Protein content, analysed by amino acid profiles, was generally lower in plant-based milks compared to bovine milk, except for soy milk. Zeta potential testing indicated colloidal instability at lower pH levels, but stability was regained with additional milk. Heating at 60 °C, however, showed no effect on the milks’ surface charge. The Zetasizer approach showed promise for quality control and product development, considering size and surface charge.
Additional file 1 of Birthweight, childhood body size, and timing of puberty and risks of breast cancer by menopausal status and tumor receptor subtypes
Creators: name: Pedersen, Dorthe C.
name: Jensen, Britt W.
name: Tjønneland, Anne
name: Andersen, Zorana J.
name: Mellemkjaer, Lene
name: Bjerregaard, Lise G.
name: Aarestrup, Julie
name: Baker, Jennifer L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file1. Table S1: Characteristics and prevalence of pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer among women included in the analyses of birthweight and women who could potentially have been included in these analyses. Table S2: Characteristics and prevalence of pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer among women included in the analyses of puberty markers and women who could potentially have been included in these analyses. Table S3: Characteristics of women with and without information on ER status among women diagnosed with breast cancer after January 1995. Table S4: Characteristics of women with and without information on HER2 status among women diagnosed with breast cancer after January 2007. Table S5: Hazard ratios of the associations between childhood BMI and height and risks of overall, ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancers by menopausal status in girls from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register followed from January 1995. Figure S1: Flowchart of included and excluded women from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register (CSHRR).
An American mathematician in Moscow, or how I destroyed the Soviet Union
Creators: name: Nathanson, Melvyn B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 01A60, 01A70

description: Reminiscences about I. M. Gel'fand on the 100th anniversary of his birth, and about mathematical life in Moscow in the former Soviet Union.
description: 6 pages
An Important Role for Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein in the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Life Cycle
Creators: name: Jacobs, S. R.
name: Zhang, Z.
name: Host, K. M.
name: Wicks, M.
name: West, J. A.
name: Gregory, S. M.
name: Damania, B.
name: Chugh, P.
name: Dittmer, D. P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has been shown to be recognized by two families of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs). Here we show that MAVS and RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene 1), an RLR family member, also have a role in suppressing KSHV replication and production. In the context of primary infection, we show that in cells with depleted levels of MAVS or RIG-I, KSHV transcription is increased, while beta interferon (IFN-β) induction is attenuated. We also observed that MAVS and RIG-I are critical during the process of reactivation. Depletion of MAVS and RIG-I prior to reactivation led to increased viral load and production of infectious virus. Finally, MAVS depletion in latent KSHV-infected B cells leads to increased viral gene transcription. Overall, this study suggests a role for MAVS and RIG-I signaling during different stages of the KSHV life cycle.
A Framework for Single-Item NFT Auction Mechanism Design
Creators: name: Milionis, Jason
name: Hirsch, Dean
name: Arditi, Andy
name: Garimidi, Pranav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Lately, Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), i.e., uniquely discernible assets on a blockchain, have skyrocketed in popularity by addressing a broad audience. However, the typical NFT auctioning procedures are conducted in various, ad hoc ways, while mostly ignoring the context that the blockchain provides. One of the main targets of this work is to shed light on the vastly unexplored design space of NFT Auction Mechanisms, especially in those characteristics that fundamentally differ from traditional and more contemporaneous forms of auctions. We focus on the case that bidders have a valuation for the auctioned NFT, i.e., what we term the single-item NFT auction case. In this setting, we formally define an NFT Auction Mechanism, give the properties that we would ideally like a perfect mechanism to satisfy (broadly known as incentive compatibility and collusion resistance) and prove that it is impossible to have such a perfect mechanism. Even though we cannot have an all-powerful protocol like that, we move on to consider relaxed notions of those properties that we may desire the protocol to satisfy, as a trade-off between implementability and economic guarantees. Specifically, we define the notion of an equilibrium-truthful auction, where neither the seller nor the bidders can improve their utility by acting non-truthfully, so long as the counter-party acts truthfully. We also define asymptotically second-price auctions, in which the seller does not lose asymptotically any revenue in comparison to the theoretically-optimal (static) second-price sealed-bid auction, in the case that the bidders' valuations are drawn independently from some distribution. We showcase why these two are very desirable properties for an auction mechanism to enjoy, and construct the first known NFT Auction Mechanism which provably possesses such formal guarantees.
description: To appear in ACM DeFi 2022. 17 pages
Attenuating Mutations in nsP1 Reveal Tissue-Specific Mechanisms for Control of Ross River Virus Infection
Creators: name: Gunn, B. M.
name: Jupille, H. J.
name: Hawman, D. W.
name: Long, K. M.
name: Morrison, T. E.
name: Oko, L.
name: Minor, M.
name: Stoermer Burrack, K. A.
name: Shives, K. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Ross River virus (RRV) is one of a group of mosquito-transmitted alphaviruses that cause debilitating, and often chronic, musculoskeletal disease in humans. Previously, we reported that replacement of the nonstructural protein 1 (nsP1) gene of the mouse-virulent RRV strain T48 with that from the mouse-avirulent strain DC5692 generated a virus that was attenuated in a mouse model of disease. Here we find that the six nsP1 nonsynonymous nucleotide differences between strains T48 and DC5692 are determinants of RRV virulence, and we identify two nonsynonymous nucleotide changes as sufficient for the attenuated phenotype. RRV T48 carrying the six nonsynonymous DC5692 nucleotide differences (RRV-T48-nsP16M) was attenuated in both wild-type and Rag1−/− mice. Despite the attenuated phenotype, RRV T48 and RRV-T48-nsP16M loads in tissues of wild-type and Rag1−/− mice were indistinguishable from 1 to 3 days postinoculation. RRV-T48-nsP16M loads in skeletal muscle tissue, but not in other tissues, decreased dramatically by 5 days postinoculation in both wild-type and Rag1−/− mice, suggesting that the RRV-T48-nsP16M mutant is more sensitive to innate antiviral effectors than RRV T48 in a tissue-specific manner. In vitro, we found that the attenuating mutations in nsP1 conferred enhanced sensitivity to type I interferon. In agreement with these findings, RRV T48 and RRV-T48-nsP16M loads were similar in mice deficient in the type I interferon receptor. Our findings suggest that the type I IFN response controls RRV infection in a tissue-specific manner and that specific amino acid changes in nsP1 are determinants of RRV virulence by regulating the sensitivity of RRV to interferon.
Quantum Data Compression of a Qubit Ensemble
Creators: name: Rozema, Lee A.
name: Mahler, Dylan H.
name: Hayat, Alex
name: Turner, Peter S.
name: Steinberg, Aephraim M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Data compression is a ubiquitous aspect of modern information technology, and the advent of quantum information raises the question of what types of compression are feasible for quantum data, where it is especially relevant given the extreme difficulty involved in creating reliable quantum memories. We present a protocol in which an ensemble of quantum bits (qubits) can in principle be perfectly compressed into exponentially fewer qubits. We then experimentally implement our algorithm, compressing three photonic qubits into two. This protocol sheds light on the subtle differences between quantum and classical information. Furthermore, since data compression stores all of the available information about the quantum state in fewer physical qubits, it could provide a vast reduction in the amount of quantum memory required to store a quantum ensemble, making even today's limited quantum memories far more powerful than previously recognized.
Additional file 1 of An evaluation of the efficacy of a supplemental computer-based tutorial to enhance the informed consent process for cataract surgery: an exploratory randomized clinical study
Creators: name: Ullrich, Marlies
name: Findl, Oliver
name: Kefer, Katharina
name: Döller, Birgit
name: Varsits, Ralph
name: Hienert, Julius
name: Hirnschall, Nino
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Outage Probability Analysis of Mixed RF-FSO System Influenced by Fisher-Snedecor Fading and Gamma-Gamma Atmospheric Turbulence
Creators: name: Petkovic, Milica I.
name: Ivanis, Predrag N.
name: Djordjevic, Goran T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate a dual-hop relaying system, composed of radio frequency (RF) and free-space optical (FSO) link. Decode-and-forward (DF) relay is employed to integrate the first RF link and the second line-of-sight FSO links. The RF channel is assumed to be subject to recently proposed Fisher-Snedecor fading model, which was shown to be convenient for modeling in realistic wireless communication scenarios. The FSO channel is affected by Gamma-Gamma distributed atmospheric turbulence. Expression for the outage probability is derived and utilized to present numerical results. Based on presented results, the effects of various RF and FSO channels parameters on the overall system performance are examined and discussed.
description: Presented at 2018 26th Telecommunications Forum (TELFOR)
Characterization of Blockade Antibody Responses in GII.2.1976 Snow Mountain Virus-Infected Subjects
Creators: name: Donaldson, E. F.
name: Lindesmith, L. C.
name: Yount, B.
name: Baric, R. S.
name: Swanstrom, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Snow Mountain virus (GII.2.1976) is the prototype strain of GII.2 noroviruses (NoVs), which cause an estimated 8% of norovirus outbreaks, yet little is known about the immunobiology of these viruses. To define the human immune response induced by SMV infection and the antigenic relationship between different GII.2 strains that have circulated between 1976 and 2010, we developed a panel of four GII.2 variant virus-like particles (VLPs) and compared their antigenicities by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and surrogate antibody neutralization (blockade) assays. Volunteers infected with GII.2.1976 developed a mean 167-fold increase in blockade response against the homotypic VLP by day 8 postchallenge. Blockade extended cross-genotype activity in some individuals but not cross-genogroup activity. Polyclonal sera from GII.2.1976-infected volunteers blocked GII.2.1976 significantly better than they blocked GII.2.2002, GII.2.2008, and GII.2.2010, suggesting that blockade epitopes within the GII.2 strains have evolved in the past decade. To potentially map these epitope changes, we developed mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against GII.2.1976 VLPs and compared their reactivities to a panel of norovirus VLPs. One MAb had broad cross-genogroup EIA reactivity to a nonblockade, linear, conserved epitope. Six MAbs recognized conformational epitopes exclusive to the GII.2 strains. Two MAbs recognized GII.2 blockade epitopes, and both blocked the entire panel of GII.2 variants. These data indicate that the GII.2 strains, unlike the predominant GII.4 strains, have undergone only a limited amount of evolution in blockade epitopes between 1976 and 2010 and indicate that the GII.2-protective component of a multivalent norovirus vaccine may not require frequent reformulation.
Chimeric GII.4 Norovirus Virus-Like-Particle-Based Vaccines Induce Broadly Blocking Immune Responses
Creators: name: Swanstrom, J.
name: Debbink, K.
name: Donaldson, E. F.
name: Lindesmith, L. C.
name: Baric, R. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: There is currently no licensed vaccine for noroviruses, and development is hindered, in part, by an incomplete understanding of the host adaptive immune response to these highly heterogeneous viruses and rapid GII.4 norovirus molecular evolution. Emergence of a new predominant GII.4 norovirus strain occurs every 2 to 4 years. To address the problem of GII.4 antigenic variation, we tested the hypothesis that chimeric virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine platforms, which incorporate antigenic determinants from multiple strains into a single genetic background, will elicit a broader immune response against contemporary and emergent strains. Here, we compare the immune response generated by chimeric VLPs to that of parental strains and a multivalent VLP cocktail. Results demonstrate that chimeric VLPs induce a more broadly cross-blocking immune response than single parental VLPs and a similar response to a multivalent GII.4 VLP cocktail. Furthermore, we show that incorporating epitope site A alone from one strain into the background of another is sufficient to induce a blockade response against the strain donating epitope site A. This suggests a mechanism by which population-wide surveillance of mutations in a single epitope could be used to evaluate antigenic changes in order to identify potential emergent strains and quickly reformulate vaccines against future epidemic strains as they emerge in human populations.
Metric Operator For The Non-Hermitian Hamiltonian Model and Pseudo-Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Yeşiltaş, Özlem
name: Kaplan, Nafiye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained the metric operator $Θ=\exp T$ for the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian model $H=ω(a^†a+1/2)+α(a^{2}-a^{†^{2}})$. We have also found the intertwining operator which connects the Hamiltonian to the adjoint of its pseudo-supersymmetric partner Hamiltonian for the model of hyperbolic Rosen-Morse II potential.
Differential Role for Host Translation Factors in Host and Viral Protein Synthesis during Human Cytomegalovirus Infection
Creators: name: De Leon, G.
name: Lenarcic, E. M.
name: Moorman, N. J.
name: Ziehr, B.
name: Mitchell, D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The host eIF4F translation initiation complex plays a critical role the translation of capped mRNAs. Although human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection increases the abundance and activity of the host eIF4F complex, the requirement for eIF4F components in HCMV replication and mRNA translation has not been directly tested. In this study, we found that decreasing the abundance or activity of eIF4F from the start of infection inhibits HCMV replication. However, as infection progresses, viral mRNA translation and replication becomes increasingly resistant to eIF4F inhibition. During the late stage of infection the association of representative immediate-early, early, and late mRNAs with polysomes was not affected by eIF4F disruption. In contrast, eIF4F inhibition decreased the translation of representative host eIF4F-dependent mRNAs during the late stage of infection. A global analysis of the translation efficiency of HCMV mRNAs during the late stage of infection found that eIF4F disruption had a minimal impact on the association of HCMV mRNAs with polysomes but significantly diminished the translation efficiency of eIF4F-dependent host transcripts. Together, our data show that the translation of host eIF4F-dependent mRNAs remains dependent on eIF4F activity during HCMV infection. However, during the late stage of infection the translation efficiency of viral mRNAs does not correlate with the abundance or activity of the host eIF4F complex.
title: Using respiratory physiology techniques in assessments of pesticide effects
Creators: name: Karise, Reet
name: Raimets, Risto
name: Dreyersdorff, Gerit
name: Mänd, Marika
Publisher: name: Julius Kühn-Institut
Year: 2018

description: The determination of sub-lethal effects of pesticides on beneficial insects is challenging topic because the vast number of different possible endpoints. Traditionally measured endpoints reflect the basic outcome but do not give any information about the mode of actions or the real non-harming dosages of the studied toxicants. Physiological changes, however, reflect even small deviations from normal state. The gas exchange patterns are sensitive cues to determine the sub-lethal toxicosis in insects. Methods of respiratory physiology have been used to detect sub-lethal toxic effects of many chemicals, but information for biological preparations is also needed, especially when bees are used in entomovectoring task.
The aims of this study were
i) to clarify which are the effects of three microbiological preparations on two bee species, honey bees Apis mellifera L. and bumble bees Bombus terrestris L. and
ii) could we compare the effects of the same preparations on different bee species.
We saw that honey bees and bumble bees react similarly on microbiological preparations, however the reaction strength differed. We found that kaolin affects the survival of bumble bees and honey bees as much as did entomopathogenic preparations, whereas pure spores of a non-hazardous fungus and wheat flour did not. Bumble bees seem to be more tolerant to microbiological preparations than honey bees.
description: Julius-Kühn-Archiv, Nr. 462 (2018): Hazards of pesticides to bees 13th International Symposium of the ICP-PR Bee Protection Group 18. - 20. October 2017, València (Spain) - Proceedings -
A note on the Gauss-Bonnet-Chern theorem for general connection
Creators: name: Zhao, Haoyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we prove a local index theorem for the DeRham Hodge-laplacian which is defined by the connection compatible with metric. This connection need not be the Levi-Civita connection. When the connection is Levi-Civita connection, this is the classical local Gauss-Bonnet-Chern theorem.
Additional file 1 of Evaluation of the usability and acceptability of the P-STEP® mobile app: feasibility study protocol
Creators: name: Worboys, Hannah
name: Gray, Laura
name: Anthony, Sarah
name: Hobson, Rachel
name: Lucas, Tim
name: Ng, Andre
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1: Table S1: Bespoke usability questionnaires. Table S2: Adapted SPIRIT checklist for reporting the protocol of a pilot study.
Evolution of a Cell Culture-Derived Genotype 1a Hepatitis C Virus (H77S.2) during Persistent Infection with Chronic Hepatitis in a Chimpanzee
Creators: name: Yamane, D.
name: Lanford, R. E.
name: Yi, M.
name: Walker, C. M.
name: Veselenak, R.
name: Chavez, D.
name: Saxena, V.
name: Pyles, R.
name: Guerra, B.
name: Welsch, C.
name: Lemon, S. M.
name: Bourne, N.
name: Tyrrell, L.
name: Joyce, M.
name: Hu, F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Persistent infection is a key feature of hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, chimpanzee infections with cell culture-derived viruses (JFH1 or related chimeric viruses that replicate efficiently in cell culture) have been limited to acute-transient infections with no pathogenicity. Here, we report persistent infection with chronic hepatitis in a chimpanzee challenged with cell culture-derived genotype 1a virus (H77S.2) containing 6 cell culture-adaptive mutations. Following acute-transient infection with a chimeric H77/JFH1 virus (HJ3-5), intravenous (i.v.) challenge with 106 FFU H77S.2 virus resulted in immediate seroconversion and, following an unusual 4- to 6-week delay, persistent viremia accompanied by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation, intrahepatic innate immune responses, and diffuse hepatopathy. This first persistent infection with cell culture-produced HCV provided a unique opportunity to assess evolution of cell culture-adapted virus in vivo. Synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution rates were greatest during the first 8 weeks of infection. Of 6 cell culture-adaptive mutations in H77S.2, Q1067R (NS3) had reverted to Q1067 and S2204I (NS5A) was replaced by T2204 within 8 weeks of infection. By 62 weeks, 4 of 6 mutations had reverted to the wild-type sequence, and all reverted to the wild-type sequence by 194 weeks. The data suggest H77S.2 virus has greater potential for persistence and pathogenicity than JFH1 and demonstrate both the capacity of a nonfit virus to persist for weeks in the liver in the absence of detectable viremia as well as strong selective pressure against cell culture-adaptive mutations in vivo.
Additional file 1 of Perceived human factors from the perspective of paramedics – a qualitative interview study
Creators: name: Poranen, Anna
name: Kouvonen, Anne
name: Nordquist, Hilla
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1: COREQ (COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research) Checklist.
On the FDI: attracting property of privatization
Creators: name: Amerighi, Oscar
name: De Feo, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2010
Subjects: Foreign direct investment
Privatization
Tax/Subsidy competition

description: In the present paper we provide an explanation of why privatization may attract foreign investors willing to enter a regional market. Privatization turns the formerly-public rm into a less aggressive competitor since pro t-maximizing output is lower than the welfare-maximizing one. The drawback is that social welfare generally decreases. We also investigate tax/subsidy competition for FDI and put forward its potentially positive role. On the one hand, it may reduce the negative impact on welfare of an FDIattracting privatization. On the other hand, it may prevent a welfare-reducing investment by the foreign rm. This shows that privatization and scal policies may be either alternative or complementary instruments depending on the government's objective (i.e., country's attractiveness for foreign investors and domestic welfare).
Mapping the American Political Stream: The Stuart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act
Creators: name: Carlson, Betsy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006

description: Despite its historical presence in this country and around the world, homelessness was not addressed on a federal level in the United States until the 1980s, and only one piece of enacted legislation has been devoted solely to addressing homelessness. Investigating the political climate and the incremental steps necessary to induce federal action allows one to understand the government’s response to this vulnerable population. This article details the events that precipitated the signing into law of the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act by Ronald Reagan in 1987.
StyleTime: Style Transfer for Synthetic Time Series Generation
Creators: name: El-Laham, Yousef
name: Vyetrenko, Svitlana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural style transfer is a powerful computer vision technique that can incorporate the artistic "style" of one image to the "content" of another. The underlying theory behind the approach relies on the assumption that the style of an image is represented by the Gram matrix of its features, which is typically extracted from pre-trained convolutional neural networks (e.g., VGG-19). This idea does not straightforwardly extend to time series stylization since notions of style for two-dimensional images are not analogous to notions of style for one-dimensional time series. In this work, a novel formulation of time series style transfer is proposed for the purpose of synthetic data generation and enhancement. We introduce the concept of stylized features for time series, which is directly related to the time series realism properties, and propose a novel stylization algorithm, called StyleTime, that uses explicit feature extraction techniques to combine the underlying content (trend) of one time series with the style (distributional properties) of another. Further, we discuss evaluation metrics, and compare our work to existing state-of-the-art time series generation and augmentation schemes. To validate the effectiveness of our methods, we use stylized synthetic data as a means for data augmentation to improve the performance of recurrent neural network models on several forecasting tasks.
The Validity of Adding ECG to the Preparticipation Screening of Athletes. An Evidence Based Literature Review
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2015
Subjects: Sudden cardiac death
Electrocardiography
Physical examination
Athlete’s heart Syndrome
Cardiomyopathies

description: Objective: To review the available evidence establishing the validity of adding electrocardiogram to the preparticipation cardiac screening in athletes. Data Sources: MEDLINE and CINAHL databases were searched. Additional references from the bibliographies of retrieved articles were also reviewed and experts in the area were contacted. Selection Criteria: Only original research articles seeking to establish the use of electrocardiography followed by second line investigations in athletes under 36 years of age were reviewed. Search Result and Quality Assessment: The initial literature search identified 226 papers. Of these, 16 original articles (all type II evidence—population-based clinical studies) met the selection criteria and directly related to the use of electrocardiography in athletes cardiac screening. The methodological qualities of included studies were assessed using the Downs and Black checklist. Conclusion: Screening with electrocardiography represents best clinical practice to prevent or reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death in athletes. It significantly improves the sensitivity of history and physical examination alone; it has reasonable specificity and excellent negative predictive value; and it is cost-effective. Future studies must be large, multicentre, multination, prospective trials powered to determine how different screening options affect the incidence of sudden cardiac death. Efforts should also be targeted toward secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death with pitch side cardiac resuscitation and the immediate use of defibrillator.
title: Soundings: A Practice Led investigation into Interactive and Immersive Sound Art Installations 2000-2018
Creators: name: McConnachie, P
Publisher: name: Liverpool John Moores University
Year: 2023

description: This thesis proposes Soundings to investigate interactivity, engagement and immersion while exposing an argument for knowledge concerning sound installation art in the 21st-century. This will be achieved through a system of artworks, interviews, observations and analysis of research findings. The objective, as an enquiry, acknowledges sound art relative to contemporary installation practice initiated from a visit to the Sonic Boom exhibition in the year (2000). As an artist who works digitally and employs sound and video as the pervasive practice, this examination exists in the sonic arts connected within the vocabulary of visuality. Possessing an auditory recognition related to creative compositions has been the stimulation, emphasising play as the central constituent of embodiment and interactivity. The 21st-century arrived with a Sonic Boom of associations amongst progressions of software and hardware while acknowledging the technical proficiency, creative vision, personal values and cultural context to create engaging and meaningful works that connect with audience members. Specific technology is omnipresent and the thesis is separated into four chapters, with each stage discussing the author’s artworks, further supporting the practice-led aspect of the project. Queries include, what is the role of the audience when presented with a sound installation that requires some form of engagement? Therefore, this research investigates the different roles of participator, composer and author from the perspective of the exhibition Playback in 2018. Demonstrating with digital sound refers to any sound manipulated, created or processed using specific technology as the principal motivation for an exhibition. The space in which the sound art is exhibited provides a physical framework but also influences how it is perceived and experienced by the audience. Compositions, performance and participants creating sound works present this thesis as a 21st-century account, making up two volumes. Sound, installation and space become the compositional framework and an arrangement of associations where immersion and perception are expected in the sound art installation. Listeners becoming actively engaged and playing with sound will take centre stage, inspired through involvement and collaboration. Seeking to reveal what it is to be immersed in sound art, the digital practice includes physical and computer-mediated intermedia installations designed to reveal theoretical positions in immersive auditory taxonomies.
Low's Subleading Soft Theorem as a Symmetry of QED
Creators: name: Lysov, Vyacheslav
name: Pasterski, Sabrina
name: Strominger, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was shown by F. Low in the 1950s that the subleading terms of soft photon S-matrix elements obey a universal linear relation. In this paper we give a new interpretation to this old relation, for the case of massless QED, as an infinitesimal symmetry of the S-matrix. The symmetry is shown to be locally generated by a vector field on the conformal sphere at null infinity. Explicit expressions are constructed for the associated charges as integrals over null infinity and shown to generate the symmetry. These charges are local generalizations of electric and magnetic dipole charges.
description: 11 pages
Additional file 2 of Perceived human factors from the perspective of paramedics – a qualitative interview study
Creators: name: Poranen, Anna
name: Kouvonen, Anne
name: Nordquist, Hilla
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 2.
Spatial model personalization in Gboard
Creators: name: Sivek, Gary
name: Riley, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a framework for adapting a virtual keyboard to individual user behavior by modifying a Gaussian spatial model to use personalized key center offset means and, optionally, learned covariances. Through numerous real-world studies, we determine the importance of training data quantity and weights, as well as the number of clusters into which to group keys to avoid overfitting. While past research has shown potential of this technique using artificially-simple virtual keyboards and games or fixed typing prompts, we demonstrate effectiveness using the highly-tuned Gboard app with a representative set of users and their real typing behaviors. Across a variety of top languages, we achieve small-but-significant improvements in both typing speed and decoder accuracy.
description: 17 pages, to be published in the Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction (MobileHCI 2022)
Expression Profile of MicroRNAs in Epstein-Barr Virus-Infected AGS Gastric Carcinoma Cells
Creators: name: Raab-Traub, N.
name: Marquitz, A. R.
name: Dittmer, D. P.
name: Chugh, P. E.
name: Mathur, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Latent infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is responsible for multiple types of malignancies, including 10% of all gastric carcinomas. The microRNA (miRNA) expression in several EBV-infected AGS gastric carcinoma cell lines was determined. Infected cells expressed the viral BamHI A rightward transcript (BART) miRNAs at high levels and had consistently decreased expression of a small fraction of cellular miRNAs with specific downregulation of tumor suppressor miRNAs. These changes likely reflect expression of the viral noncoding RNAs and not latent protein expression.
Additional file 2 of Evaluation of the usability and acceptability of the P-STEP® mobile app: feasibility study protocol
Creators: name: Worboys, Hannah
name: Gray, Laura
name: Anthony, Sarah
name: Hobson, Rachel
name: Lucas, Tim
name: Ng, Andre
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 2: Figure S1: Schedule of enrolment, interventions and assessments. Figure S2: Informed Consent Form.
Functional Analyses of the Three Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 Papain-Like Proteases
Creators: name: Vatter, H. A.
name: Brinton, M. A.
name: Maines, T. R.
name: Donaldson, E. F.
name: Radu, G. U.
name: Di, H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The N-terminal region of simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV) nonstructural polyprotein 1a is predicted to encode three papain-like proteases (PLP1α, PLP1β, and PLP1γ). Catalytic residues and cleavage sites for each of the SHFV PLP1s were predicted by alignment of the SHFV PLP1 region sequences with each other as well as with those of other arteriviruses, and the predicted catalytic residues were shown to be proximal by homology modeling of the SHFV nsp1s on porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) nsp1 crystal structures. The functionality of the predicted catalytic Cys residues and cleavage sites was tested by analysis of the autoproteolytic products generated in in vitro transcription/translation reactions done with wild-type or mutant SHFV nsp1 constructs. Cleavage sites were also analyzed by mass spectroscopy analysis of selected immunoprecipitated cleavage products. The data showed that each of the three SHFV PLP1s is an active protease. Cys63 was identified as the catalytic Cys of SHFV PLP1α and is adjacent to an Ala instead of the canonical Tyr observed in other arterivirus PLP1s. SHFV PLP1γ is able to cleave at both downstream and upstream nsp1 junction sites. Although intermediate precursor polyproteins as well as alternative products generated by each of the SHFV PLP1s cleaving at sites within the N-terminal region of nsp1β were produced in the in vitro reactions, Western blotting of SHFV-infected, MA104 cell lysates with SHFV nsp1 protein-specific antibodies detected only the three mature nsp1 proteins.
HLA-B*57 Elite Suppressor and Chronic Progressor HIV-1 Isolates Replicate Vigorously and Cause CD4+ T Cell Depletion in Humanized BLT Mice
Creators: name: Margolis, D. M.
name: Williams, T. M.
name: Wu, J.
name: Buckheit, R. W.
name: Pohlmeyer, C. W.
name: Siliciano, R. F.
name: Salgado, M.
name: Swanson, M. D.
name: Blankson, J. N.
name: Archin, N. M.
name: Garcia, J. V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Elite controllers or suppressors (ES) are HIV-1-infected patients who maintain undetectable viral loads without antiretroviral therapy. The mechanism of control remains unclear, but the HLA-B*57 allele is overrepresented in cohorts of these patients. However, many HLA-B*57 patients develop progressive disease, and some studies have suggested that infection with defective viruses may be the cause of the lack of high levels of virus replication and disease progression in ES. We therefore performed a comprehensive comparative in vivo and in vitro characterization of viruses isolated from well-defined ES. For this purpose, we first performed full-genome sequence analysis and in vitro fitness assays on replication-competent isolates from HLA-B*57 ES and HLA-B*57 chronic progressors (CPs). Under our experimental conditions, we found that isolates from ES and CPs can replicate in vitro. However, since inherently these assays involve the use of unnaturally in vitro-activated cells, we also investigated the replication competence and pathogenic potential of these HIV isolates in vivo using humanized BLT mice. The results from these analyses demonstrate that virus isolates from ES are fully replication competent in vivo and can induce peripheral and systemic CD4 T cell depletion. These results provide the first direct in vivo evidence that viral fitness does not likely determine clinical outcome in HLA-B*57 patients and that elite suppressors can control replication-competent, fully pathogenic viruses. A better understanding of the immunological bases of viral suppression in ES will serve to inform novel approaches to preventive and therapeutic HIV vaccine design.
Cocaine-Abusing Methadone Patients: Can COPES Lead to an Appropriate Intervention?
Creators: name: Willis, Aaron
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006

description: Providing evidence-based practice is an evolving skill that uses current and relevant literature to guide practice with client populations. A critical component of evidence-based practice requires a clinician to evaluate and refine individual practice around the needs of a specific, identified population. This article describes and illustrates the use of a tool, Client-Orientated, Practical, Evidence-Search Questions (COPES), created by Leonard Gibbs (2003) to aide practitioners in evaluating the effectiveness of their practice. Using the author’s personal fieldwork experience and evidenced-based literature, this article outlines the process needed to formulate, research, and implement a specific, evidence-based COPES question.
Additional file 1 of Epidemiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Kazakhstan: data from unified National Electronic Health System 2014–2019
Creators: name: Galiyeva, Dinara
name: Gusmanov, Arnur
name: Sakko, Yesbolat
name: Issanov, Alpamys
name: Atageldiyeva, Kuralay
name: Kadyrzhanuly, Kainar
name: Nurpeissova, Aiymzhan
name: Rakhimzhanova, Marzhan
name: Durmanova, Aigul
name: Sarria-Santamera, Antonio
name: Gaipov, Abduzhappar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.