cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Resilience to Contagion in Financial Networks
Creators: name: Amini, Hamed
name: Cont, Rama
name: Minca, Andreea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Propagation of balance-sheet or cash-flow insolvency across financial institutions may be modeled as a cascade process on a network representing their mutual exposures. We derive rigorous asymptotic results for the magnitude of contagion in a large financial network and give an analytical expression for the asymptotic fraction of defaults, in terms of network characteristics. Our results extend previous studies on contagion in random graphs to inhomogeneous directed graphs with a given degree sequence and arbitrary distribution of weights. We introduce a criterion for the resilience of a large financial network to the insolvency of a small group of financial institutions and quantify how contagion amplifies small shocks to the network. Our results emphasize the role played by "contagious links" and show that institutions which contribute most to network instability in case of default have both large connectivity and a large fraction of contagious links. The asymptotic results show good agreement with simulations for networks with realistic sizes.
description: 40 pages, 5 figures
Sharing the story: education as the key to unlocking the door of career possibilities with first nations women
Creators: name: Offet-Gartner, Kathy
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2008

description: Bibliography: p. 264-288
description: The intent of this study was to explore how the experiences of education influenced the career development of First Nations women. Recent census data confirms that Aboriginal people are the fastest growing group in Canada (Statistics Canada, 2008). However, our understanding of their career development needs is limited, particularly regarding Aboriginal women. It is hoped that this study can address this void by contributing knowledge that will assist practitioners to meet the career development needs of Aboriginal women. Arbona (1996) stated, "educational attainment constitutes the bedrock of career development and choice" (p. 48). However, for many Aboriginal people, historical trauma and cultural differences have negatively impacted the experiences of education (Battiste, 1998). This impact has contributed to a high rate of school dropout, unemployment, and increased dependence on social assistance (Bezanson et al., 2007). RCAP identified these trends and made numerous suggestions for remediation, including the need for increased educational and career involvement (INAC, 1996a). Implementing these suggestions requires additional information and guidance-generating a need for further exploration. This study utilized the Aboriginal Research (Kenny, 2000), methodology which emphasizes the rituals of storytelling. In response, nine First Nations women shared their educational experiences. Issues such as parental experiences of residential schooling, learning versus education, abuse, racism, lack of role models, and funding concerns were found to be predominant themes; as were the importance of teachers who "stepped outside the box", educational transitioning programs, and the availability of culturally appropriate supports. The desire to provide a better life for their children, to be a positive role model, and give back to their communities were consistently identified as the motivators for returning to school and committing to a career goal. Each woman saw school as a means to obtaining a career, allowing them to achieve these goals and greater independence. Each saw education as the key to a brighter future for themselves, their children, and Aboriginal people as a whole; as providing everything that is needed for continued survival-the new White Buffalo (Stonechild, 2006). These women saw education as the key that unlocked the door of their career possibilities.
Anisotropic sound and shock waves in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Muruganandam, P.
name: Adhikari, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the propagation of anisotropic sound and shock waves in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in three dimensions (3D) as well as in quasi-two (2D, disk shape) and quasi-one (1D, cigar shape) dimensions using the mean-field approach. In 3D, the propagation of sound and shock waves are distinct in directions parallel and perpendicular to dipole axis with the appearance of instability above a critical value corresponding to attraction. Similar instability appears in 1D and not in 2D. The numerical anisotropic Mach angle agrees with theoretical prediction. The numerical sound velocity in all cases agrees with that calculated from Bogoliubov theory. A movie of the anisotropic wave propagation in a dipolar condensate is made available as supplementary material.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Cosmic dust in MgII absorbers
Creators: name: Ménard, Brice
name: Fukugita, Masataka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MgII absorbers induce reddening on background quasars. We measure this effect and infer the cosmic density of dust residing in these systems to be Ω ~ 2e-6, in units of the critical density of the Universe, which is comparable to the amount of dust found in galactic disks or about half the amount inferred to exist outside galaxies. We also estimate the neutral hydrogen abundance in MgII clouds to be Ω ~ 1.5e-4, which is approximately 5% of hydrogen in stars in galaxies. This implies a dust-to-gas mass ratio for MgII clouds of about 1/100, which is similar to the value for normal galaxies. This would support the hypothesis of the outflow origin of MgII clouds, which are intrinsically devoid of stars and hence have no sources of dust. Considerations of the dust abundance imply that the presence of MgII absorbers around galaxies lasts effectively for a few Gyr. High redshift absorbers allow us to measure the rest-frame extinction curve to 900 Angstroms at which the absorption by the Lyman edge dominates over scattering by dust in the extinction opacity.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures. Matches version accepted for publication in ApJ. Minor changes
Colorado water, August 2004
Creators: name: Blumanhourst, Gloria
name: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The scope of the newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
description: Newsletter of the Water Center of Colorado State University.
Cyclic rewriting and conjugacy problems
Creators: name: Diekert, Volker
name: Duncan, Andrew
name: Myasnikov, Alexei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E06

description: Cyclic words are equivalence classes of cyclic permutations of ordinary words. When a group is given by a rewriting relation, a rewriting system on cyclic words is induced, which is used to construct algorithms to find minimal length elements of conjugacy classes in the group. These techniques are applied to the universal groups of Stallings pregroups and in particular to free products with amalgamation, HNN-extensions and virtually free groups, to yield simple and intuitive algorithms and proofs of conjugacy criteria.
description: 37 pages, 1 figure, submitted. Changes to introduction
Collection and analysis of web-based exploits and malware
Creators: name: Obied, Ahmed Mohamed Abdulla
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2008

description: Bibliography: p. 123-132
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: Malicious software in the form of worms, Trojan horses, spyware, and bots has become an effective tool for financial gain. To effectively infect the computers of unsuspecting users with malware, attackers use malicious Web pages. When a user views a malicious Web page using a Web browser, the malicious Web page delivers a Web-based exploit that targets browser vulnerabilities. Successful exploitation of a browser vulnerability can lead to an automatic download and execution of malware on the victim's computer. This thesis presents a honeypot that uses Internet Explorer as bait to identify malicious Web pages, which successfully download and execute malware via Web­based exploits. When the honeypot instructs Internet Explorer to visit a Web page, the honeypot monitors and records process and file creation activities of Internet Explorer and processes spawned by Internet Explorer. The recorded activities are analyzed to find deviations from normal behavior, which indicate successful exploita­tion. The Web-based exploits delivered by malicious Web pages and the malware downloaded by the exploits are automatically collected by the honeypot after suc­cessful exploitations. Additionally, the honeypot constructs an analysis graph to find relationships between different malicious Web pages and identify the Web pages that download the same malware. This thesis also presents an analysis of data collected by the honeypot after processing 33,811 URLs collected fom three data sets. Observations and case studies are presented to provide insights about Web-based exploits and malware, malicious Web pages, and the techniques used by attackers to deliver and obfuscate the exploits.
JPernLite: Extensible Transaction Services for WWW
Creators: name: Yang, Jack Jingshuang
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Computer science

description: Concurrency control is one of the key problems in design and implementation of collaborative systems such as hypertext/hypermedia systems, CAD/CAM systems and software development environments. Most existing systems store data in specialized databases with built-in concurrency control policies, usually implemented via locking. It is desirable to construct such collaborative systems on top of the World Wide Web, but most web servers do not support even conventional transactions, let alone distributed (multi-website) transactions or flexible concurrency control mechanisms oriented towards teamwork - such as event notification, shared locks and fine granularity locks. We present a transaction server that operates independently of web servers or the collaborative systems, to fill the concurrency control gap. The transaction server by default enforces the conventional atomic transaction model, where sets of operations are performed in an all-or-nothing fashion and isolated from concurrent users. The server can be tailored dynamically to apply more sophisticated concurrency control policies appropriate for collaboration. The transaction server also supports applications employing information resources other than web servers, such as legacy databases, CORBA objects, and other hypermedia systems. Our implementation permits a wide range of system architecture styles.
Pruning Classifiers in a Distributed Meta-Learning System
Creators: name: Prodromidis, Andreas L.
name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Computer science

description: JAM is a powerful and portable agent-based distributed data mining system that employs meta-learning techniques to integrate a number of independent classifiers (models) derived in parallel from independent and (possibly) inherently distributed databases. Although meta-learning promotes scalability and accuracy in a simple and straightforward manner, brute force meta-learning techniques can result in large, redundant, inefficient and some times inaccurate meta-classifier hierarchies. In this paper we explore several methods for evaluating classifiers and composing meta-classifiers, we expose their limitations and we demonstrate that meta-learning combined with certain pruning methods has the potential to achieve similar or even better performance results in a much more cost effective manner.
Radiation of the electron bunch moving in non-regular fields
Creators: name: Gevorgian, Lekdar
name: Vardanyan, Valeri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of spontaneous radiation of the electron bunch grazing into a charged metallic surface with randomly distributed needle shaped asperities is considered. Distances between two neighboring asperities have been described by gamma distribution. Being repealed by highly charged asperities the electrons of the bunch move along non-regular periodical trajectories in the planes parallel to the metallic surface. The spatial periods of the trajectories are random quantities which are described by the same gamma distribution. The radiation characteristics of the bunch have been obtained. It is shown that the angular distributions of the number of photons radiated from the bunch and from a single electron are the same but the frequency distribution of the bunch is being drastically changed at the hard frequency region. It is proposed to develop a new non-destructive method for investigation of the metal surface roughness. The frequency distribution of the number of photons radiated under the zero angle has been obtained. That allows to find the gain expression of the stimulated radiation.
description: Presented during the international conference "Electron, Positron, Neutron and X-ray Scattering Under External Influences - 2011". Two pages long thesis is published in the abstract book. 11 pages, 5 figures
Searching for Non-Abelian Phases in the Bose-Einstein Condensate of Dysprosium
Creators: name: Lian, Biao
name: Ho, Tin-Lun
name: Zhai, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently realized Bose-Einstein condensate of Dysprosium will become a spin-8 spinor condensate at ultralow magnetic fields. In such a high spin condensate, many phases with different symmetries can exist. Among them the most interesting ones are those with non-abelian point group symmetry. In this letter we discuss the variety of symmetry phases in a spin-8 condensate resulting from numerical solutions of the Hamiltonian. We show that these symmetries can be determined uniquely from the measurements of density population on each spin component in an ultralow magnetic field, together with the measurements of the collective modes in the zero-field limit. This method can also be applied to Bose-Einstein condensate of other magnetic atoms, such as Cr and Er.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Kinesthetics eXtreme: An External Infrastructure for Monitoring Distributed Legacy Systems
Creators: name: Kaiser, Gail E.
name: Parekh, Janak J.
name: Gross, Philip N.
name: Valetto, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Computer science

description: Autonomic computing - self-configuring, self-healing, self-optimizing applications, systems and networks - is widely believed to be a promising solution to ever-increasing system complexity and the spiraling costs of human system management as systems scale to global proportions. Most results to date, however, suggest ways to architect new software constructed from the ground up as autonomic systems, whereas in the real world organizations continue to use stovepipe legacy systems and/or build 'systems of systems' that draw from a gamut of new and legacy components involving disparate technologies from numerous vendors. Our goal is to retrofit autonomic computing onto such systems, externally, without any need to understand or modify the code, and in many cases even when it is impossible to recompile. We present a meta-architecture implemented as active middleware infrastructure to explicitly add autonomic services via an attached feedback loop that provides continual monitoring and, as needed, reconfiguration and/or repair. Our lightweight design and separation of concerns enables easy adoption of individual components, as well as the full infrastructure, for use with a large variety of legacy, new systems, and systems of systems. We summarize several experiments spanning multiple domains.
Fluctuation conductivity in disordered superconducting films
Creators: name: Tikhonov, Konstantin S.
name: Schwiete, Georg
name: Finkel'stein, Alexander M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of superconducting fluctuations on the longitudinal and the transverse (Hall) conductivity in homogeneously disordered films. Our calculation is based on the Usadel equation in the real-time formulation. We adjust this approach to derive analytic expressions for the fluctuation corrections in the entire metallic part of the temperature-magnetic field phase diagram, including the effects of both classical and quantum fluctuations. This method allows us to obtain fluctuation corrections in a compact and effective way, establishing a direct connection between phenomenological and microscopic calculations.
AIM Encrypt: A Case Study of the Dangers of Cryptographic Urban Legends
Creators: name: Locasto, Michael E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Computer science

description: Like e--mail, instant messaging (IM) has become an integral part of life in a networked society. Until recently, IM software has been lax about providing confidentiality and integrity of these conversations. With the introduction of AOL's version 5.2.3211 of the AIM client, users can optionally encrypt and protect the integrity of their conversation. Taking advantage of the encryption capabilities of the AIM client requires that signed certificates for both parties be available. AIM (through VeriSign) makes such certificates available for purchase. However, in a "public service" effort to defray the cost of purchasing personal certificates to protect IM conversations, a website (www.aimencrypt.com) is offering a certificate free of cost for download. Unfortunately, the provided certificate is the same for everyone; this mistake reveals the dangers of a public undereducated about computer security, especially public key cryptography.
Generating Exact- and Ranked Partially-Matched Answers to Questions in Advertisements
Creators: name: Qumsiyeh, Rani
name: Pera, Maria S.
name: Ng, Yiu-Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Taking advantage of the Web, many advertisements (ads for short) websites, which aspire to increase client's transactions and thus profits, offer searching tools which allow users to (i) post keyword queries to capture their information needs or (ii) invoke form-based interfaces to create queries by selecting search options, such as a price range, filled-in entries, check boxes, or drop-down menus. These search mechanisms, however, are inadequate, since they cannot be used to specify a natural-language query with rich syntactic and semantic content, which can only be handled by a question answering (QA) system. Furthermore, existing ads websites are incapable of evaluating arbitrary Boolean queries or retrieving partiallymatched answers that might be of interest to the user whenever a user's search yields only a few or no results at all. In solving these problems, we present a QA system for ads, called CQAds, which (i) allows users to post a natural-language question Q for retrieving relevant ads, if they exist, (ii) identifies ads as answers that partially-match the requested information expressed in Q, if insufficient or no answers to Q can be retrieved, which are ordered using a similarity-ranking approach, and (iii) analyzes incomplete or ambiguous questions to perform the "best guess" in retrieving answers that "best match" the selection criteria specified in Q. CQAds is also equipped with a Boolean model to evaluate Boolean operators that are either explicitly or implicitly specified in Q, i.e., with or without Boolean operators specified by the users, respectively. CQAds is easy to use, scalable to all ads domains, and more powerful than search tools provided by existing ads websites, since its query-processing strategy retrieves relevant ads of higher quality and quantity. We have verified the accuracy of CQAds in retrieving ads on eight ads domains and compared it...[truncated].
description: VLDB2012
Signaling for Internet Telephony
Creators: name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
name: Rosenberg, Jonathan D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Computer science

description: Internet telephony must offer the standard telephony services.However, the transition to Internet-based telephony services also provides an opportunity to create new services more rapidly and with lower complexity than in the existing public switched telephone network(PSTN). The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling protocol that creates, modifies and terminates associations between Internet end systems, including conferences and point-to-point calls. SIP supports unicast, mesh and multicast conferences, as well as combinations of these modes. SIP implements services such as call forwarding and transfer, placing calls on hold, camp-on and call queueing by a small set of call handling primitives. SIP implementations can re-use parts of other Internet service protocols such as HTTP and the Real-Time Stream Protocol (RTSP). In this paper, we describe SIP, and show how its basic primitives can be used to construct a wide range of telephony services.
Min-type Morse theory for configuration spaces of hard spheres
Creators: name: Baryshnikov, Yuliy
name: Bubenik, Peter
name: Kahle, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study configuration spaces of hard spheres in a bounded region. We develop a general Morse-theoretic framework, and show that mechanically balanced configurations play the role of critical points. As an application, we find the precise threshold radius for a configuration space to be homotopy equivalent to the configuration space of points.
description: Minor changes, new title
Secret Key Cryptography Using Graphics Cards
Creators: name: Cook, Debra L.
name: Ioannidis, John
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
name: Luck, Jake
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Computer science

description: One frequently cited reason for the lack of wide deployment of cryptographic protocols is the (perceived) poor performance of the algorithms they employ and their impact on the rest of the system. Although high-performance dedicated cryptographic accelerator cards have been commercially available for some time, market penetration remains low. We take a different approach, seeking to exploit {\it existing system resources,} such as Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) to accelerate cryptographic processing. We exploit the ability for GPUs to simultaneously process large quantities of pixels to offload cryptographic processing from the main processor. We demonstrate the use of GPUs for stream ciphers, which can achieve 75\% the performance of a fast CPU. We also investigate the use of GPUs for block ciphers, discuss operations that make certain ciphers unsuitable for use with a GPU, and compare the performance of an OpenGL-based implementation of AES with implementations utilizing general CPUs. In addition to offloading system resources, the ability to perform encryption and decryption within the GPU has potential applications in image processing by limiting exposure of the plaintext to within the GPU.
Ab initio computation of d-d excitation energies in low-dimensional Ti and V oxychlorides
Creators: name: Bogdanov, Nikolay A.
name: Brink, Jeroen van den
name: Hozoi, Liviu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a quantum chemical cluster-in-solid computational scheme, we calculate the local d-d excitation energies for two strongly correlated Mott insulators, the oxychlorides TiOCl and VOCl. TiOCl harbors quasi-one-dimensional spin chains made out of S = 1/2 Ti3+ ions while the electronic structure of VOCl displays a more two-dimensional character. We find in both cases that the lowest-energy d-d excitations are within the t2g subshell, starting at 0.34 eV and indicating that orbital degeneracies are significantly lifted. In the vanadium oxychloride, spin triplet to singlet excitations are calculated to be 1 eV higher in energy. For TiOCl, the computed d-level electronic structure and the symmetries of the wavefunctions are in very good agreement with resonant inelastic x-ray scattering results and optical absorption data. For VOCl, future resonant inelastic x-ray scattering experiments will constitute a direct test of the symmetry and energy of about a dozen of different d-d excitations that we predict here.
Dynamical Systems Trees
Creators: name: Jebara, Tony
name: Howard, Andrew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Computer science

description: We propose dynamical systems trees (DSTs) as a flexible model for describing multiple processes that interact via a hierarchy of aggregating processes. DSTs extend nonlinear dynamical systems to an interactive group scenario. Various individual processes interact as communities and sub-communities in a tree structure that is un-rolled in time. To accommodate nonlinear temporal activity, each individual leaf process is modeled as a dynamical system containing discrete and/or continuous hidden states with discrete and/or Gaussian emissions. Subsequent, higher level parent processes act like hidden Markov models that mediate the interaction between leaf processes or between other parent processes in the hierarchy. Aggregator chains are parents of the child processes the combine and mediate, yielding a compact overall parameterization. We provide tractable inference and learning algorithms for arbitrary DSTs topologies via structured mean field. Experiments are shown for real trajectory data of tracked American football plays where a DST tracks players as dynamical systems mediated by their team processes mediated in turn by a top-level game process.
Colorado water, September/October 2009
Creators: name: Schmidt, Laurie
name: Colorado Water Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the state's research universities.
description: Newsletter of the Water Center of Colorado State University. Theme: Urban water.
Margo Kane's creative and community work : moving towards social change
Creators: name: Couture, Selena Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This is a study of Margo Kane’s creative work – Memories Springing/Waters Singing, Moonlodge and Confessions of an Indian Cowboy – as well as her Vancouver-based community work – Full Circle First Nations Performance Company and their annual Talking Stick Festival. I examine how Kane’s creative and community work can be understood in terms of postcolonial theory of performance while also further illuminating that theory. I apply Emmanuel Levinas’ philosophical concepts of Totality and Infinity and the Saying and the Said to the content of her creative work as well as its publication. I use Édouard Glissant’s poetics of relation to explain her administrative style and creative choices, particularly in Confessions of an Indian Cowboy. Postcolonial theatrical concepts including Jacqueline Lo and Helen Gilbert’s model for interculturalism and Christopher Balme’s syncretic theatre lead to an investigation of the numerous forms of movement that Kane’s work demonstrates. Through analysis of the multiple published texts of her performances as well as of an interview I conducted with Kane on the founding and continuing administration of her company and the festival, I determine how the importance of movement in her work can help the shift from a colonial to a postcolonial society.
Delegation of Stocking Decisions under Asymmetric Demand Information
Creators: name: Alp, Osman
name: Sen, Alper
Publisher: name: Operations and Supply Chain Management
Year: 2017
Subjects: Incentive alignment, delegation of stocking decisions, asymmetric information

description: Headquarters of a retailer delegates stocking decisions to store managers at its various stores. Store managers have complete information of the local demand process, whereas headquarters has partial information. The problem is how to incentivize the managers to make stocking decisions that minimizes headquarters' expected overage and underage costs. We investigate performance measurement schemes in which headquarters incite store managers make stocking decisions in headquarters' best interests using their private information. Adopting such schemes helps retailers reduce stock-outs and attain desired service levels across their stores. Headquarters knows that the underlying demand process at a store for a product over a replenishment cycle is one of J possible Wiener demand processes, whereas store manager knows the specific process with certainty. Store manager creates a single order before the cycle. Headquarters use an incentive scheme which is based on the end-of-period leftover inventory and on a stock-out occasion at a pre-specified inspection time {\it before} the end of a period. Headquarters' problem to determine the inspection time and relative importance of stock-outs to leftover stock is formulated as a constrained non-linear optimization problem in a single period setting and a dynamic program in a multi-period setting. The proposed ``early inspection'' scheme leads to perfect alignment under certain conditions. Under more general conditions, it provides a near-perfect alignment and performs strictly better than stock-out inspection at the end. Using historical sales data of a retailer, we show that this scheme can lead to considerable cost reduction. Even though attaining high on-shelf availability is crucial in retail, stock-out related measures are not reflected in store managers' performance scorecards. We prescribe a novel, easy and practical method for headquarters with which they can increase on-shelf-availability by relying on their store managers' private demand information. The proposed method decidedly outperforms the computer aided ordering systems that are commonly used in practice.
Human risk factors in avalanche incidents
Creators: name: Sole, Albert Edgar
Publisher: name: Kinesiology
Year: 2008

description: Bibliography: p. 122-129
description: Objective: To describe the population of skiers, climbers, snowshoers and snowboarders at risk of avalanche morbidity or mortality in Western Canada, and to determine the risk factors for experiencing an avalanche incident that might lead to morbidity or mortality. Design: A retrospective, cross-sectional intercept survey. Participants: The participants were people shopping at the Mountain Equipment Coop. Main Outcome Measures: A description of the population at risk by age, sex, exposure, training, sport type, motivation, sensation seeking, attitude and socio-economic status. Mortality and incident rates were calculated by age and sport type. Odds ratios for risk of experiencing an avalanche are estimated using logistic regression for the following covariates: 1. Age. 2. Gender. 3. Sport type. 4. Training. 5. Motivation. 6. Sensations seeking. 7. Attitude. 8. Exposure. A theoretical model for the psychology of risk taking in avalanche terrain was developed. Results: The population at risk has an above average socio-economic status and age distribution similar to the general population. Seventy five percent are male, but the female population appears to be well integrated with the male portion. Age, gender, sport type, some motivations, sensation seeking, and attitude were found to be associated with the risk of experiencing an avalanche incident. Level of training, and socio-economic status, were not found to be a risk factors for avalanche incidents. Conclusions: The risk of experiencing an avalanche incident was found to be independent of the physical risk factors associated with the phenomenon itself. Attitude was found to have the strongest association with risk of experiencing an avalanche incident.
Translating Between Programming Languages Using A Canonical Representation And Attribute Grammar Inversion
Creators: name: Farrow, Rodney
name: Yellin, Daniel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1986
Subjects: Computer science

description: Automatic translation between programming languages is an important tool for increasing program reusability. Often the need arises to transport a large software system from one source language environment to another. Performing such a translation by hand is a large undertaking, costly in manpower and very error-prone. For this reason, several researchers have built automated tools to aid them in particular such projects [3, 1]. In this paper we present a new methodology for building source-to-source translators. This methodology involves designing a canonical form to represent programs of all source languages involved, and using attribute grammars (AGs) and automatic AG-inversion to build bidirectional translators between the various source languages and the canonical form. To test the feasibility of these ideas, we have created a system to translate between the C and Pascal programming languages.
title: National climate change roadmap: a research framework for U.S. agriculture, forestry and working lands
Creators: name: Kelly, Eugene
name: Leach, Jan
name: Schultz, Courtney
name: Jackson, Erin
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2023
Subjects: climate change
Climatic changes -- United States
Climatic changes -- Forests and forestry -- United States
Climatic changes -- Agriculture -- United States

description: Addressing the impact of climate change on agriculture and natural resources requires the translation of science to solutions and policies that support more sustainable forms of land use, efficient agricultural production, and community-engaged research globally. The National Climate Roadmap is a science agenda holistically designed to serve researchers, policymakers, farmers and practitioners. -- from website.
The Expected-Outcome Model of Two-Player Games
Creators: name: Abramson, Bruce
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1987
Subjects: Computer science

description: This paper introduces a new, crisp definition of two-player evaluation functions. These functions calculate a node's expected-outcome value. or the probability that a randomly chosen leaf beneath it will represent a win. The utility of these values to game programs will be assessed by a series of experiments that compare the performance of expected-outcome functions with that of some popular, previously studied evaluators. To help demonstrate the domain-independence of these new functions, the experiments will be run on variants of several games, including tic-tac-toe, Othello, and chess. In addition, the paper outlines a. new probabilistic model of game-trees which involves rethinking many long-accepted assumptions in light of the newly defined expected-outcome functions.
Colorado water, December 2004
Creators: name: Blumanhourst, Gloria
name: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The scope of the newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
description: Newsletter of the Water Center at Colorado State University.
A Platform for Multilingual News Summarization
Creators: name: Evans, David Kirk
name: Klavans, Judith L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Computer science

description: We have developed a multilingual version of Columbia Newsblaster as a testbed for multilingual multi-document summarization. The system collects, clusters, and summarizes news documents from sources all over the world daily. It crawls news sites in many different countries, written in different languages, extracts the news text from the HTML pages, uses a variety of methods to translate the documents for clustering and summarization, and produces an English summary for each cluster. The system is robust, running daily over real-world data. The multilingual version of Columbia Newsblaster provides a platform for testing different strategies for multilingual document clustering, and approaches for multilingual multi-document summarization.
Group B Streptococcal Antibody in Mothers and Infants (GAMI): Study protocol to describe the strain-specific prevalence of Group B Streptococcus carriage in women and their infants in Gambia
Creators: name: Doare, Kirsty Le
Publisher: name: St George's, University of London
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110799 Immunology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110802 Medical Infection Agents (incl. Prions)
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Group-B streptococci: developing a correlate of protection for future vaccine trials with the help of pregnant Gambian women and their infants. Study protocol.Objectives: To determine risk factors for GBS colonisation in Gambian mothers and in their infants from birth to day 60-89 of age.
Methods: Swabs and breastmilk from mothers/infant pairs were collected and cultured on selective agar. Negative samples were analysed for GBS DNA via real-time PCR. Positive isolates were serotyped using multiplex PCR and gel-agarose electrophoresis.
Results: Seven hundred and fifty women/infant pairs were recruited. 253 women (33.7%) were GBS-colonised at delivery. The predominant serotypes were: V (55%), II (16%), III (10%), Ia (8%) and Ib (8%). 186 infants were colonised (24.8%) at birth, 181 (24.1%) at 6 days and 96 at day 60-89 (14%). Infants born before 34 weeks of gestation and to women with rectovaginal and breastmilk colonisation at delivery had increased odds of GBS colonisation at birth. Season of birth was associated with increased odds of persistent infant GBS colonisation (dry season vs. wet season AOR 2.9; 95% CI 1.6-5.2).
Conclusion: GBS colonisation is common in Gambian women at delivery and in their infants to day 60-89 and is dominated by serotype V. In addition to maternal colonisation, breastmilk and season of birth are important risk factors for infant GBS colonisation.
Algorithm Based Fault Tolerance in Massively Parallel Systems
Creators: name: Lerner, Mark D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: Computer science

description: An A complex computer system consists of billions of transistors, miles of wires, and many interactions with an unpredictable environment. Correct results must be produced despite faults that dynamically occur in some of these components. Many techniques have been developed for fault tolerant computation. General purpose methods are independent of the application, yet incur an overhead cost which may be unacceptable for massively parallel systems. Algorithm-specific methods, which can operate at lower cost, are a developing alternative [1, 72]. This paper first reviews the general-purpose approach and then focuses on the algorithm-specific method, with an eye toward massively parallel processors. Algorithm-based fault tolerance has the attraction of low overhead; furthermore it addresses both the detection and also the correction problems. The principle is to build low-cost checking and correcting mechanism based exclusively on the redundancies inherent in the system.
Healing the wounded spirit of individuals, families & communities: healing generational trauma, a qualitative study exploring the effectiveness of holistic and western approaches to generational trauma among aboriginal people, an academic & aboriginal leadership response
Creators: name: Hicks, Julie Anne
Publisher: name: Social Work
Year: 2003

description: Bibliography: p. 158-196
description: Canadian helping professionals, and academics related to the helping fields, have a long history of operating through a dominant western paradigm. Within the context of responding to generational trauma, there is increasing evidence of a paradigm shift from western mainstream practices to more holistic practices. Recent Canadian developments to address Aboriginal healing have created a new opportunity to explore the workings of both western and holistic paradigms within the context of responding to generational trauma. This study investigates Academic and Aboriginal Leadership viewpoints through two focus group discussions. It addresses a research deficiency in terms of raising awareness about current responses and their effectiveness to generational trauma at the individual, family and community levels. Research into a holistic paradigm that responds to generational trauma is in its infancy. This qualitative study explores and addresses the impact of both western and holistic paradigms, identifying some characteristics of the "paradigm shift". The study further provides insights into the dynamics that occur at the "meeting place" of both paradigms, identifying their deficiencies and benefits. This thesis presentation has both written and film components. The film component was used to create a medium in which the voice of research participants could be heard directly by an audience interested in this field of study.
Probabilistic setting of information-based complexity
Creators: name: Wozniakowski, Henryk
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1986
Subjects: Computer science

description: We study the probabilistic (E, b)-complexity for linear problems equipped with Gaussian measures. The probabilistic (E, S)-complexity, comp@“˜(e, 6), is understood as the minimal cost required to compute approximations with error at most e on a set of measure at least 1 - 6. We find estimates of comp@(e, 6) in terms of eigenvalues of the correlation operator of the Gaussian measure over elements which we want to approximate. In particular, we study the approximation and integration problems. The approximation problem is studied for functions of d variables which are continuous after r times differentiation with respect to each variable. For the Wiener measure placed on rth derivatives, the probabilistic comp@(e, S) is estimated by ,((~/,)“(r+~)(ln(~/~))(d-“˜“r+““r‘+~‘), where a = 1 for the lower bound and a = 0.5 for the upper bound. The integration problem is studied for the same class of functions with d = 1. In this case, compPmb(e,6 ) = @((m/E)“@““˜).
Additional file 1 of Calling for improved quality in the registration of traditional Chinese medicine during the public health emergency: a survey of trial registries for COVID-19, H1N1, and SARS
Creators: name: Kuang, Zhuoran
name: Li, Xiaoyan
name: Cai, Jianxiong
name: Chen, Yaolong
name: Qiu, Xiaoyuan
name: Ni, Xiaojia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Search strategy.
MobiDesk: Mobile Virtual Desktop Computing
Creators: name: Baratto, Ricardo A.
name: Potter, Shaya
name: Su, Gong
name: Nieh, Jason
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Computer science

description: We present MobiDesk, a mobile virtual desktop computing hosting infrastructure that leverages continued improvements in network speed, cost, and ubiquity to address the complexity, cost, and mobility limitations of today's personal computing infrastructure. MobiDesk transparently virtualizes a user's computing session by abstracting underlying system resources in three key areas: display, operating system and network. MobiDesk provides a thin virtualization layer that decouples a user's computing session from any particular end user device and moves all application logic from end user devices to hosting providers. MobiDesk virtualization decouples a user's computing session from the underlying operating system and server instance, enabling high availability service by transparently migrating sessions from one server to another during server maintenance or upgrades. We have implemented a MobiDesk prototype in Linux that works with existing unmodified applications and operating system kernels. Our experimental results demonstrate that MobiDesk has very low virtualization overhead, can provide a full-featured desktop experience including full-motion video support, and is able to migrate users' sessions efficiently and reliably for high availability, while maintaining existing network connections.
Higgs and Z-boson production with a jet veto
Creators: name: Banfi, Andrea
name: Monni, Pier Francesco
name: Salam, Gavin P.
name: Zanderighi, Giulia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive first next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic resummations for jet-veto efficiencies in Higgs and Z-boson production at hadron colliders. Matching with next-to-next-to-leading order results allows us to provide a range of phenomenological predictions for the LHC, including cross-section results, detailed uncertainty estimates and comparisons to current widely-used tools.
description: 6 pages and 2 figures, plus 8 pages and 2 figures of supplemental material. v2 contains additional references and small textual changes
Cosmological models with Yang-Mills fields
Creators: name: Elizalde, E.
name: Lopez-Revelles, A. J.
name: Odintsov, S. D.
name: Vernov, S. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological models with an SU(2) Yang-Mills field are studied. For a specific model with a minimally coupled Yang-Mills Lagrangian, which includes an arbitrary function of the second-order term and a fourth-order term, a corresponding reconstruction program is proposed. It is shown that the model with minimal coupling has no de Sitter solutions, for any nontrivial function of the second-order term. To get de Sitter solutions, a gravitational model with nonminimally coupled Yang-Mills fields is then investigated. It is shown that the model with non-minimal coupling has in fact a de Sitter solution, even in absence of the cosmological constant term.
description: 14 pages, v2: refs. added