cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Motion Segmentation by SCC on the Hopkins 155 Database
Creators: name: Chen, G.
name: Lerman, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We apply the Spectral Curvature Clustering (SCC) algorithm to a benchmark database of 155 motion sequences, and show that it outperforms all other state-of-the-art methods. The average misclassification rate by SCC is 1.41% for sequences having two motions and 4.85% for three motions.
description: Accepted to 2009 ICCV Workshop on Dynamical Vision
title: Legacy Lecture, Frank Wayman, 2023
title: Explaining War, Congress, and the Public: Fifty Years of Teaching and Research at University of Michigan-Dearborn
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Wayman, Francis "Frank"
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: mobilization of bias
subject: US Congress
subject: US Senate
subject: Congressional Committees
subject: interest groups
subject: party identification
subject: party realignment
subject: US presidential elections
subject: coups
subject: military coups
subject: military rule
subject: rational choice
subject: inter-state war
subject: intra-state (civil) war
subject: power transitions
subject: power shifts
subject: military alliances
subject: NATO
subject: balance of power
subject: international cooperation
subject: predicting the future
subject: human nature
subject: Desmond Tutu
subject: Wallenberg Medal
subject: international rivalries
subject: democratic peace
subject: liberal states
subject: use of force in domestic politics
subject: military regimes
subject: communist regimes
subject: genocide
subject: democide
subject: geno-politicide
subject: long-term economic growth
subject: Social Sciences
subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The University of Michigan-Dearborn has a Legacy Lecture series in which retiring professors can deliver a talk reflecting upon their life, their career, their teaching, their research. This was my Legacy Lecture (September 21, 2023).
description: The title says “War, Congress, and the Public”, but what's that mean? War of course means something specific I published books and articles about, such as World War II or the Vietnam War, but the root meaning comes from an old proto-Indo-European word for confusion, and, hence, strife (breeding even our word “the worst”). Congress means something specific I wrote about, namely, the US Congress, but more broadly refers to other assemblies in republics or on the international stage among nations, and, even more broadly, meetings and coming together. I finished the title with “the public” because I wrote about public opinion, and the public elects Congress and the President, and shapes war policy; and also, finally, our students are that portion of the public whom we are trying to edify. These title words, thus, convey a sense of what I wrote about and taught and worried about for the past five decades. One might say it’s a study of conflict, on the one hand, and attempts at cooperation, on the other. The specifics are that I'm going to speak about causes and extent of war; coups, military regimes, the use of force in domestic politics; elections and political identities; the US Congress and the powerful interest groups that influence it; NATO and more broadly the international community in the North Atlantic area, going back to Churchill and FDR and before – even, I believe, evolving for centuries.
Simulation of complete many-body quantum dynamics using controlled quantum-semiclassical hybrids
Creators: name: Deuar, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A controlled hybridization between full quantum dynamics and semiclassical approaches (mean-field and truncated Wigner) is implemented for interacting many-boson systems. It is then demonstrated how simulating the resulting hybrid evolution equations allows one to obtain the full quantum dynamics for much longer times than is possible using an exact treatment directly. A collision of sodium BECs with 1.x10^5 atoms is simulated, in a regime that is difficult to describe semiclassically. The uncertainty of physical quantities depends on the statistics of the full quantum prediction. Cutoffs are minimised to a discretization of the Hamiltonian. The technique presented is quite general and extension to other systems is considered.
description: Published version. Broader background and discussion, slightly shortened, less figures in epaps. Research part unchanged. Article + epaps (4+4 pages), 8 figures
Constraints on the Source of Lunar Cataclysm Impactors
Creators: name: Cuk, Matija
name: Gladman, Brett J.
name: Stewart, Sarah T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiple impact basins formed on the Moon about 3.8 Gyr ago in what is known as the lunar cataclysm or late heavy bombardment. Many workers currently interpret the lunar cataclysm as an impact spike primarily caused by main-belt asteroids destabilized by delayed planetary migration. We show that morphologically fresh (class 1) craters on the lunar highlands were mostly formed during the brief tail of the cataclysm, as they have absolute crater number density similar to that of the Orientale basin and ejecta blanket. The connection between class 1 craters and the cataclysm is supported by the similarity of their size-frequency distribution to that of stratigraphically-identified Imbrian craters. Majority of lunar craters younger than the Imbrium basin (including class 1 craters) thus record the size-frequency distribution of the lunar cataclysm impactors. This distribution is much steeper than that of main-belt asteroids. We argue that the projectiles bombarding the Moon at the time of the cataclysm could not have been main-belt asteroids ejected by purely gravitational means.
description: Accepted for Icarus
Ultracold giant polyatomic Rydberg molecules: coherent control of molecular orientation
Creators: name: Rittenhouse, Seth T.
name: Sadeghpour, H. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict the existence of a class of ultracold giant molecules formed from trapped ultracold Rydberg atoms and polar molecules. The interaction which leads to the formation of such molecules is the anisotropic charge-dipole interaction ($a/R^2$). We show that prominent candidate molecules such as KRb and deuterated hydroxyl (OD) should bind to Rydberg rubidium atoms, with energies $E_b\simeq 5-25$ GHz at distances $R\simeq 0.1-1 \ μ$m. These molecules form in double wells, mimicking chiral molecules, with each well containing a particular dipole orientation. We prepare a set of correlated dressed electron-dipole eigenstates which are used in a resonant Raman scheme to coherently control the dipole orientation and to create cat-like entangled states of the polar molecule.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
title: Mary A. Dix, MS Oral History Interview Transcript
Creators: name: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Publisher: name: University Archives, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
Year: 2008
Subjects: classificationCode: 3
subject: FOS: Medical and health sciences
classificationCode: 6.1
subject: FOS: History and archaeology

description: USU Oral History Interview Transcript
Mary A. Dix, MS
Equal Employment Opportunity
Assistant Dean Executive Affairs
Assistant Dean to the Deputy Dean
Vice President for Administration & Management
Assistant to the USU President for Special Projects
07-24-2008
Interviewed by Katherine Ferguson
W+3 jet production at the Tevatron
Creators: name: Ellis, R. Keith
name: Melnikov, Kirill
name: Zanderighi, Giulia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the production of W bosons in association with three jets at the Tevatron in the leading color approximation, which we define by considering the number of colors and the number of light flavors as being of the same order of magnitude. The theoretical uncertainty in the next-to-leading order prediction for the cross-section is of the order of 15-25 percent which is a significant improvement compared to the leading order result.
description: 16 pages 6 figures
Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of faceted islands in heteroepitaxy using multi-state lattice model
Creators: name: Lam, Chi-Hang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A solid-on-solid model is generalized to study the formation of Ge pyramid islands bounded by (105) facets on Si(100) substrates in two dimensions. Each atomic column is not only characterized by the local surface height but also by two deformation state variables dictating the local surface tilt and vertical extension. These deformations phenomenologically model surface reconstructions in (105) facets and enable the formation of islands which better resemble faceted pyramids. We demonstrate the model by application to a kinetic limited growth regime. We observe significantly reduced growth rates after faceting and a continuous nucleation of new islands until overcrowding occurs.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Shards of Broken Symmetry: Topological Defects as Traces of the Phase Transition Dynamics
Creators: name: Zurek, W. H.
name: Bettencourt, L. M. A.
name: Dziarmaga, J.
name: Antunes, N. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the origin of topological defects in phase transitions and analyze their role as a "diagnostic tool" in the study of the non-equilibrium dynamics of symmetry breaking. Homogeneous second order phase transitions are the focus of our attention, but the same paradigm is applied to the cross-over and inhomogeneous transitions. The discrepancy between the experimental results in 3He and 4He is discussed in the light of recent numerical studies. The possible role of the Ginzburg regime in determining the vortex line density for the case of a quench in 4He is raised and tentatively dismissed. The difference in the anticipated origin of the dominant signal in the two (3He and 4He) cases is pointed out and the resulting consequences for the subsequent decay of vorticity are noted. The possibility of a significant discrepancy between the effective field theory and (quantum) kinetic theory descriptions of the order parameter is briefly touched upon, using atomic Bose-Einstein condensates as an example.
description: Originally published in 2000. For free journal version see http://th-www.if.uj.edu.pl/acta/vol31/abs/v31p2937.htm
Self-Consistent Study of the Superconducting Gap in the Strontium-doped Lanthanum Cuprate
Creators: name: Contreras, Pedro
name: Osorio, Dianela
name: Devi, Anjna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work is aimed at numerically investigating the behavior of the Fermi energy in Strontium-doped Lanthanum Cuprate, using a numerical zero temperature elastic scattering cross-section procedure in the unitary collision regime. The main task is to vary the zero temperature superconducting energy gap from its zero value in the normal state, to the highest value of 60 meV. We find that there are two different reduced phase space regimes for the first harmonic line node's order parameter. The first scenario considers that when the Fermi energy and the nearest hopping terms have the same order of magnitude, the physics can be described by a picture given by nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. A second scenario indicates, that when the Fermi energy parameter and the hopping term have different order of magnitude; the physical picture tends to be related to the nonrelativistic quantum mechanical degrees of freedom coming from quasi-stationary quantum energy levels, with a damping term seen in the probability density distribution function, that is described in the configuration space. Henceforth, it is concluded that the use of the zero temperature elastic scattering cross-section links the phase and configuration spaces through the inverse scattering lifetime, and helps to clarify the role of the degrees of freedom in Strontium-doped Lanthanum Cuprate. Finally, we think that the self-consistent numerical procedure with the reduced phase space, induces nonlocality in the inverse scattering lifetime.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables, 55 references
Probing the Mechanisms of Fibril Formation Using Lattice Models
Creators: name: Li, Mai Suan
name: Klimov, D. K.
name: Straub, J. E.
name: Thirumalai, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Using exhaustive Monte Carlo simulations we study the kinetics and mechanism of fibril formation using lattice models as a function of temperature and the number of chains. While these models are, at best, caricatures of peptides, we show that a number of generic features thought to govern fibril assembly are present in the toy model. The monomer, which contains eight beads made from three letters (hydrophobic, polar, and charged), adopts a compact conformation in the native state. The kinetics of fibril assembly occurs in three distinct stages. In each stage there is a cascade of events that transforms the monomers and oligomers to ordered structures. In the first "burst" stage highly mobile oligomers of varying sizes form. The conversion to the aggregation-prone conformation occurs within the oligomers during the second stage. As time progresses, a dominant cluster emerges that contains a majority of the chains. In the final stage, the aggregation-prone conformation particles serve as a template onto which smaller oligomers or monomers can dock and undergo conversion to fibril structures. The overall time for growth in the latter stages is well described by the Lifshitz-Slyazov growth kinetics for crystallization from super-saturated solutions.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures
Atomic structure of the unique antiferromagnetic 2/1 quasicrystal approximant
Creators: name: Labib, Farid
name: Takakura, Hiroyuki
name: Ishikawa, Asuka
name: Tamura, Ryuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The atomic structure of the recently discovered antiferromagnetic Ga50Pd35.5Tb14.5 2/1 approximant to quasicrystal with the space group of Pa-3(No. 205), a = 23.1449(0) angstrom was determined by means of a single crystal X-ray diffraction. The refined structure model revealed two main building units, namely, a Tsai-type rhombic triacontahedron (RTH) cluster with three concentric inner shells and an acute rhombohedron filling the gaps in between the RTH clusters. One of the interesting findings was a very low number of chemically mixed sites in the structure, which amount to only 7.40 % of the all the atomic sites within an RTH cluster. In particular, a disorder-free environment was noticed within a nearest neighbor of an isolated Tb3+ ion, which is presumably one of the main contributors in enhancing antiferromagnetic order in the present compound. The second significant finding was the observance of an orientationally ordered trigonal pyramid-like unit with a height of 4.2441(7) angstrom at the center of the RTH cluster, which has never been observed in Tsai-type compounds before. Such unit is noticed to bring structural distortion to outer shells, in particular, to the surrounding dodecahedron cage being another possible contributor of the antiferromagnetic order establishment in the present compound. The results, therefore, are suggestive of a possible link between chemical/positional order and the antiferromagnetic order establishment.
Pulsars versus Dark Matter Interpretation of ATIC/PAMELA
Creators: name: Malyshev, Dmitry
name: Cholis, Ilias
name: Gelfand, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the flux of electrons and positrons injected by pulsars and by annihilating or decaying dark matter in the context of recent ATIC, PAMELA, Fermi, and HESS data. We review the flux from a single pulsar and derive the flux from a distribution of pulsars. We point out that the particle acceleration in the pulsar magnetosphere is insufficient to explain the observed excess of electrons and positrons with energy E ~ 1 TeV and one has to take into account an additional acceleration of electrons at the termination shock between the pulsar and its wind nebula. We show that at energies less than a few hundred GeV, the flux from a continuous distribution of pulsars provides a good approximation to the expected flux from pulsars in the Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF) catalog. At higher energies, we demonstrate that the electron/positron flux measured at the Earth will be dominated by a few young nearby pulsars, and therefore the spectrum would contain bumplike features. We argue that the presence of such features at high energies would strongly suggest a pulsar origin of the anomalous contribution to electron and positron fluxes. The absence of features either points to a dark matter origin or constrains pulsar models in such a way that the fluctuations are suppressed. Also we derive that the features can be partially smeared due to spatial variation of the energy losses during propagation.
description: 23 pages, 15 figures, 1 table; v2: minor corrections, references added; v3: 20 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, major changes in presentation, main conclusions unchanged; v4: minor corrections
Hydrodynamic simulations of correlation and scatter in galaxy cluster maps
Creators: name: Finoguenov, A.
name: Sanderson, A. J. R.
name: Mohr, J. J.
name: Bialek, J. J.
name: Evrard, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two dimensional structure of hot gas in galaxy clusters contains information about the hydrodynamical state of the cluster, which can be used to understand the origin of scatter in the thermodynamical properties of the gas, and to improve the use of clusters to probe cosmology. Using a set of hydrodynamical simulations, we provide a comparison between various maps currently employed in the X-ray analysis of merging clusters and those cluster maps anticipated from forthcoming observations of the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. We show the following: 1) an X-ray pseudo-pressure, defined as square root of the soft band X-ray image times the temperature map is a good proxy for the SZ map; 2) we find that clumpiness is the main reason for deviation between X-ray pseudo-pressure and SZ maps; 3) the level of clumpiness can be well characterized by X-ray pseudo-entropy maps. 4) We describe the frequency of deviation in various maps of clusters as a function of the amplitude of the deviation. This enables both a comparison to observations and a comparison to effects of introduction of complex physical processes into simulation.
description: 7 pages, A&A in press
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION AND LAWS OF DEVELOPMENT
Creators: name: Arzikulov Elboy Azim ogli National University of Uzbekistan Faculty of Social Sciences, intern teacher of the Department of Ethics and Aesthetics
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This article examines the specific features of culture and civilization and the laws of development. The article also makes scientific and philosophical conclusions that culture and civilization are understood as concepts that at first glance mean the same thing, but have different meanings and laws of development. In the article, in the process of studying specific aspects of culture and civilization, the following points are of great importance. If culture is a phenomenon associated with education and the assimilation of social requirements, then civilization is a process associated with the emergence of the state, a sense of citizenship among members of society, and the formation of a sense of respect for state laws.

         Keywords: culture, spirituality, civilization, culture, Medina, urbanity, value, knowledge, education, ethics, knowledge, religion, faith, people, society, state.
The impact of blockchain security breaches
Creators: name: Li, Zhe
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: While blockchain technology has developed rapidly and the crypto market has prospered, vulnerabilities and security breaches have occurred in blockchain derivative projects. To raise funds, these projects can issue tradable crypto tokens representing project stakes, such as voting rights or revenue shares. Through the event study method, this research investigates the crypto token market reaction to security breaches in blockchain projects, focusing on the breaches’ impact on the token value of the project. Potential moderators, including project and breach-specific attributes, and the role of social media in the post-breach market dynamics are also studied. This research provides evidence of a significantly negative impact on the token price on the breach day and over an event window of three days centered on the breach day. For moderators, larger projects with more market capital are found to be less penalized on their token price. Meanwhile, projects mainly providing financial services in the blockchain ecosystem suffer more negative abnormal returns under breach than non-financial projects. We also find that timely official Twitter announcements about the breach from the project are associated with more negative abnormal returns, potentially because of the negative sentiment and topics in the comments of the tweets. To the best of our knowledge, this research contributes to the literature for being the first to study how security breaches impact token value while also providing risk assessment tools for investors and urging the prioritization of security, especially for smaller and financial blockchain projects.
Highly sensitive photodetector based on two-dimensional ferroelectric semiconducting \{beta}-InSe/graphene heterostructure
Creators: name: Li, Jialin
name: Chen, Yuzhong
name: Li, Yujie
name: Zhu, Haiming
name: Li, Linjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 2D ferroelectric \{beta}-InSe/graphene heterostructure was fabricated by mechanical exfoliation, and the carrier dynamics crossing the heterostructure interface has been systematically investigated by Raman, photoluminescence and transient absorption measurements. Due to the efficient interfacial photo excited electron transfer and photogating effect from trapped holes, the heterostructure devices demonstrate superior performance with maximum responsivity of 2.12*10e4 A/W, detectivity of 1.73*10e14 Jones and fast response time (241 us) under λ = 532 nm laser illumination. Furthermore, the photo responses influenced by ferroelectric polarization field are investigated. Our work confirms ferroelectric \{beta}-InSe/graphene heterostructure as an outstanding material platform for sensitive optoelectronic application.
Anomalous Corrections to Hall Resistivity of Spin-Polarized Two-Dimensional Holes in a GaAs/AlGaAs Heterostructure
Creators: name: Noh, Hwayong
name: Lee, S.
name: Chun, S. H.
name: Kim, H. C.
name: Pfeiffer, L. N.
name: West, K. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hall effect of two-dimensional holes that are spin-polarized by a strong parallel magnetic field was explored with a small tilt angle. The Hall resistivity increases nonlinearly with the magnetic field and exhibits negative corrections. The anomalous negative corrections increase with the perpendicular magnetization of the two-dimensional hole system. We attribute this to the anomalous Hall effect of spin-polarized carriers in a nonmagnetic system. The anomalous corrections to the conductivity exhibit non-monotonic dependence on the magnetic field.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted in Phys. Rev. B
A simplified method characterizing magnetic ordering modulated photo-thermoelectric response in noncentrosymmetric semimetal Ca3Ru2O7
Creators: name: Chen, Qiang
name: Li, Jialin
name: Zhu, Huanfeng
name: Zhang, Tian
name: Tang, Wei
name: Xing, Hui
name: Peng, Jin
name: Mao, Zhiqiang
name: Li, Linjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photo-Thermoelectric (PTE) response is usually one of the main working mechanisms for photodetectors. However, as another fast and easier way to measure thermoelectric characteristics of materials, it can also reveal important physics such as electric-phonon coupling, electron-electron correlation, etc. Recently, the spin entropy related to magnetic order transition which contributes to thermoelectric power is attracting more and more attention. Here, we demonstrate the PTE response can be reshaped when Ca3Ru2O7 undergoes meta-magnetic phase (MMP) transition driven by both temperature and magnetic field. Firstly, a sign change is observed crossing TS = 48 K and the linear polarization angle dependent PTE current maximizes along a-axis above TS while maximizes along b-axis below TS, which indicates that the antiferromagnetic spin order contributes to such spatial anisotropy. Secondly, in the temperature range of around 40 ~ 50 K, the PTE current is found to be sharply suppressed when external magnetic field is applied in plane along a-axis but is only gradually suppressed when applied field is along b-axis which gives out two critical fields. We attribute such suppression of PTE current under magnetic field to the suppression of the spin entropy in the phase transition between the antiferromagnetic state and the MMP state and the H-T phase diagrams of Ca3Ru2O7 is redrawn accordingly. Compared to previously work which trying to understand the magnetic phase transition in Ca3Ru2O7, such as neutron scattering, specific heat, and other advanced transport measurements, our work provides a more convenient yet efficient method, which may also find applications in other correlated spin materials in general.
Role of Microfold Cell in Intestine
Creators: name: P. Dharani
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2023

description:             The organs of body are covered and lined by various epithelial cells which play a vital role in tissue functions. The epithelial cells of respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts are continuously exposed to huge variety of harmful pathogens and their products which invade the body through mucosal layers and cause infection to the host (Nakamura et al., 2018). The mucosal immune system plays an essential role against such pathogens. The mucosal immune system regularly monitors exogenous antigens on the mucosal surface.
CytoNet: A Deep Neural Network for Whole-brain Characterization of Human Cytoarchitecture
Creators: name: Schiffer, Christian
name: Boztoprak, Zeynep
name: Amunts, Katrin
name: Dickscheid, Timo
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2024

description: Helmholtz AI Conference 2024, HAICON24, Düsseldorf, Germany, 12 Jun 2024 - 14 Jun 2024
Soft X-ray resonant scattering study of single-crystal LaSr$_2$Mn$_2$O$_7$
Creators: name: Li, H. -F.
name: Su, Y.
name: Chatterji, Tapan
name: Nefedov, A.
name: Persson, J.
name: Meuffels, P.
name: Xiao, Y.
name: Brückel, Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Soft X-ray resonant scattering studies at the Mn $L_{\texttt{II, III}}$- and the La $M_{\texttt{IV, V}}$- edges of single-crystal LaSr$_2$Mn$_2$O$_7$ are reported. At low temperatures, below $T_\texttt{N} \approx 160$ K, energy scans with a fixed momentum transfer at the \emph{A}-type antiferromagnetic (0 0 1) reflection around the Mn $L_{\texttt{II, III}}$-edges with incident linear $σ$ and $π$ polarizations show strong resonant enhancements. The splitting of the energy spectra around the Mn $L_{\texttt{II, III}}$-edges may indicate the presence of a mixed valence state, e.g., Mn$^{3+}$/Mn$^{4+}$. The relative intensities of the resonance and the clear shoulder-feature as well as the strong incident $σ$ and $π$ polarization dependences strongly indicate its complex electronic origin. Unexpected enhancement of the charge Bragg (0 0 2) reflection at the La $M_{\texttt{IV, V}}$-edges with $σ$ polarization has been observed up to 300 K, with an anomaly appearing around the orbital-ordering transition temperature, $T_{\texttt{OO}} \approx 220$ K, suggesting a strong coupling (competition) between them.
description: Accepted by European Physical Journal B
Nonlinear Development of Streaming Instabilities In Strongly Magnetized Plasmas
Creators: name: Che, H.
name: Drake, J. F.
name: Swisdak, M.
name: Yoon, P. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonlinear development of streaming instabilities in the current layers formed during magnetic reconnection with a guide field is explored. Theory and 3-D particle-in-cell simulations reveal two distinct phases. First, the parallel Buneman instability grows and traps low velocity electrons. The remaining electrons then drive two forms of turbulence: the parallel electron-electron two-stream instability and the nearly-perpendicular lower hybrid instability. The high velocity electrons resonate with the turbulence and transfer momentum to the ions and low velocity electrons.
description: Accepted by PRL
Unlimited Energy Gain in the Laser-Driven Radiation Pressure Dominant Acceleration of Ions
Creators: name: Bulanov, S. V.
name: Echkina, E. Yu.
name: Esirkepov, T. Zh.
name: Inovenkov, I. N.
name: Kando, M.
name: Pegoraro, F.
name: Korn, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy of the ions accelerated by an intense electromagnetic wave in the radiation pressure dominated regime can be greatly enhanced due to a transverse expansion of a thin target. The expansion decreases the number of accelerated ions in the irradiated region increasing the energy and the longitudinal velocity of remaining ions. In the relativistic limit, the ions become phase-locked with respect to the electromagnetic wave resulting in the unlimited ion energy gain. This effect and the use of optimal laser pulse shape provide a new approach for great enhancing the energy of laser accelerated ions.
description: 30 pages, 9 figures, misprints corrected
title: The molecular epidemiology of trypanosoma cruzi infection in wild and domestic transmission cycles with special emphasis on multilocus microsatellite analysis
Creators: name: Llewellyn, MS
Publisher: name: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Year: 2008

description: Trypanosoma cruzi is a zoonotic vector-bome unicellular parasite, with a highly complex silvatic ecology, and native to the Americas. Substantial genetic diversity has been identified in T. cruzi populations, with six phylogenetic groups or Discrete Typing Groups (DTUs) commonly recognised: TCI, TCIIa, TCIIb, TCIIc, TCIId, and TCIIe. The silvatic affinities of these groups are poorly defined, although broad associations between some lineages and distinct ecological niches are recognised. Additionally, a number of studies have demonstrated a degree of within-DTU diversity, and the current classification may be a poor reflection of the total diversity present. In this PhD thesis the genetic diversity of silvatic T. cruzi is examined, in conjunction with a limited number of domestic strains, to investigate the underlying ecological and epidemiological phenomena that dictate the population genetic structure of this parasite. >200 new T. cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli isolates, including those from silvatic mammals, domestic and peridomestic triatomine bugs, were collected during fieldwork in Venezuela and Bolivia. Where possible, these isolates were genotyped to a DTU level, and the epidemiological significance of these data discussed. Original silvatic genotype data from this study were then compiled with >1000, historical records (1981-2007) for both mammals and triatomines. This dataset was subjected to basic statistical analysis, and strong support found for an association between parasite genotype, silvatic niche, and triatomine vector. Within-DTU genetic diversity was established for ~200 isolates from two widespread silvatic genotypes, TCI and TCIIc, using a genome-wide panel of 49 microsatellite markers, in tandem with sequence analysis. Substantial genetic diversity was identified in both lineages, coincident with weak spatial structuring. The possibility a population bottleneck was investigated within TCI derived from Andean rodent populations. Moreover, the possibility of a bottleneck was also examined in geographically dispersed human TCI isolates taken from lowland Venezuela. Associated epidemiological implications are discussed. Genetic diversity in TCI was additionally examined at a within-host level. A total of 211 clones were taken from eight mammals, and analysed using a subset of microsatellite markers. Again substantial genetic diversity was evident, with stable infection of the same mammal by a number of different stains. Limited evidence of genetic exchange was also observed, but could not be confirmed, and the implications of this are also discussed.
3D Printing and Design in Isolation: A Case from a Simulated Lunar Mission
Creators: name: Stawski, Wiktor
name: Skorupska, Kinga
name: Kopeć, Wiesław
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite the decades-long history of 3D printing, it is not used to its full potential. Yet 3D printing holds promise for isolated communities, aiming for self-sufficiency. In this experiential study conducted in an analog space habitat we evaluated challenges and opportunities of using 3D printing. Our study revealed barriers such as: 1) setting up and maintaining the 3D printing equipment while minding different kinds of pollution, that is air, temperature and sound, 2) design skill and familiarity with specialized software as well as materials and 3) the awareness of what can be achieved to meet community needs. We observed that in-community experience and know-how are reliable sources of 3D print ideas, that improve quality of life of community members if they are encouraged and supported by participatory design. Co-design of 3D prints in small, specialized communities is a promising area of study, that can bring new applications of 3D print technology.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, presented at CHI 2023 LBW
METHODOLOGY OF USING MOBILE AND GAME EXERCISES IN THE TRAINING OF YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Creators: name: Tursunkulov Mansur Mahmud ogli Teacher, National Research University "Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers".
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This article describes the development of dexterity, grasping, aiming, logical and quick thinking qualities of young football players with the help of mobile games and game exercises, as well as the views of experts on this topic.

Key words: action games, football, psychophysiological factors, movement amplitude, game exercises
Co-aligning the EIS flare data from 9 March 2012 with AIA images
Creators: name: Young, Peter R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: For the article "The Temperature and Density of a Solar Flare Kernel Measured from Extreme Ultraviolet Lines of O IV," submitted to The Astrophysical Journal, it was necessary to co-align a Hinode/EIS raster image with SDO/AIA images. This document explains how this alignment was done.
$q,t$-Catalan numbers and generators for the radical ideal defining the diagonal locus of $(\C^2)^n$
Creators: name: Lee, Kyungyong
name: Li, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E15, 05E40

description: Let $I$ be the ideal generated by alternating polynomials in two sets of $n$ variables. Haiman proved that the $q,t$-Catalan number is the Hilbert series of the graded vector space $M(=\bigoplus_{d_1,d_2}M_{d_1,d_2})$ spanned by a minimal set of generators for $I$. In this paper we give simple upper bounds on $\text{dim}M_{d_1, d_2}$ in terms of partition numbers, and find all bi-degrees $(d_1,d_2)$ such that $\dim M_{d_1, d_2}$ achieve the upper bounds. For such bi-degrees, we also find explicit bases for $M_{d_1, d_2}$. The main idea is to define and study a nontrivial linear map from $M$ to a polynomial ring $\C[ρ_1, ρ_2,...]$.
description: 29 pages
Towards improving radiotherapeutic treatment of the parotid glands : a cross-modality investigation
Creators: name: Sample, Caleb
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: The complexity of radiotherapy techniques for treating head and neck cancer has significantly advanced over the previous two decades. However, it remains common for patients to finish treatment with a severe loss in salivary function, causing significantly diminished quality of life assessments. The overall goal of research endeavours in this thesis is to develop innovative techniques that lead to better understanding and consideration of salivary glands during head and neck radiotherapy planning. This goal is approached along a multitude of paths using various imaging modalities and treatment planning techniques. A method is demonstrated for enhancing prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) images and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using neural networks. PSMA PET shows high expression in salivary glands, and its relationship with functional importance can be more accurately assessed after image enhancement. IVIM MRI is a promising diffusion protocol for investigating functional heterogeneity in salivary glands, but suffers from reproducibility issues. Image enhancement methods and a new model-independent approach to quantifying diffusion are shown to improve the utility, and potentially the reproducibility, of IVIM MRI. PSMA PET uptake heterogeneity in parotid glands is quantified, demonstrating a consistent bias towards lateroposterior aspects. Uptake patterns are compared with literature-models of subregional parotid gland importance, revealing an anticorrelation between PSMA PET uptake and relative importance. A model is developed for predicting subregional importance using PSMA PET / computed tomography (CT) radiomic features. A method for tailoring importance estimates using patient-specific data is presented. An autosegmentation methodology is created for localizing the newly discovered "tubarial" salivary glands on CT images. Tubarial glands are only known to be visible on PSMA PET which is not typically acquired for head and neck cancer patients. Therefore a method of localizing the glands on CT images is necessary for tubarial glands to be considered during radiotherapy treatment planning. Lastly, a technique for translating subregional parotid gland importance data into spatially varying dose constraints during radiotherapy treatment planning is demonstrated. A retrospective planning study showed improvements in predicted salivary output at one year post-radiotherapy using this method.
Search for high velocity stars as tracers of binary interaction in the GC 47 Tuc
Creators: name: Elena Balakina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: black holes
stellar kinematics
globular clusters

description: We analyse the kinematics of the globular cluster 47 Tuc with combined MUSE Radial Velocities (RVs) and HST Proper Motions (PMs). The data sets contain about 7 thousand stars with RVs and 21 thousand stars with PMs within the central 1 arcmin that allows us to study the three-dimensional velocity distribution. With that data, we identify high-velocity stars, that might be ejected due to interaction between a binary and a single star, or another binary system, or a massive black hole. We also use our data to study a recently detected radio source in the centre of 47 Tuc, to understand if the radio emission is coming from an active binary star, an accreting stellar-mass black hole, or perhaps an intermediate-mass black hole that has been suspected to reside in the cluster centre.
Octupole degree of freedom for the critical-point candidate nucleus $^{152}$Sm in a reflection-asymmetric relativistic mean-field approach
Creators: name: Zhang, W.
name: Li, Z. P.
name: Zhang, S. Q.
name: Meng, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The potential energy surfaces of even-even $^{146-156}$Sm are investigated in the constrained reflection-asymmetric relativistic mean-field approach with parameter set PK1. It is shown that the critical-point candidate nucleus $^{152}$Sm marks the shape/phase transition not only from U(5) to SU(3) symmetry, but also from the octupole-deformed ground state in $^{150}$Sm to the quadrupole-deformed ground state in $^{154}$Sm. By including the octupole degree of freedom, an energy gap near the Fermi surface for single-particle levels in $^{152}$Sm with $β_2 = 0.14 \sim 0.26$ is found, and the important role of the octupole deformation driving pair $ν2f_{7/2}$ and $ν1i_{13/2}$ is demonstrated.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Anyons on M5-Probes of Seifert 3-Orbifolds via Flux Quantization
Creators: name: Sati, Hisham
name: Schreiber, Urs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We observe that there is a rigorous derivation of (abelian) anyonic quantum states, hence of "topological order", on the 1+2-dimensional fixed locus of M5-probes wrapped over a trivially Seifert-fibered 3-orbifold singularity.
 Similar statements have previously been conjectured by appeal to the unknown dynamics of "coincident" M5-branes, but neglecting effects of flux-quantization that, as we highlight, entail anyonic solitons already in the rigorously tractable case of single M5-brane probes.
 This is possible after globally completing the "self-dual" tensor field on probe M5-branes by flux quantization in the non-abelian cohomology theory called equivariant twistorial Cohomotopy, which is admissible by recent results.
description: 15 pages
title: STABILITY OF THE MICROPOLAR THIN ROUND PLATE
Creators: name: Sargsyan , A.H.
Publisher: name: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Year: 2020

description: In this paper, a thin round plate of isotropic micropolar elastic material is
considered, in which the elastic deflections are comparable with their thickness, and small in
relation to the basic size, also both the angles of rotation of the normal elements to the middle
plane before deformation and their free rotations are small. Thus, the strain tensor and tensor
of bending-torsion takes into account not only linear but also the nonlinear terms in the
gradients of displacement and rotation. The stability problem is solved in the case when the
solid round plate is hinge supported along the contour and is under the action of radial
compressive forces. After solving the obtained boundary value problem, the critical value of
the external force is determined. The critical force of the micropolar problem is compared
with the value of the classical solution. The important properties of micropolar material are
established.
Neutron Properties in the Medium
Creators: name: Cloët, I. C.
name: Miller, Gerald A.
name: Piasetzky, E.
name: Ron, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that for small values of momentum transfer, Q^2, the in-medium change of the G_E/G_M form factor ratio for a bound neutron is dominated by the change in the electric charge radius and predict in a model independent manner that the in-medium ratio will increase relative to the free result. This effect will act to increase the predicted cross-section for the neutron recoil polarization transfer process 4He(e,e'n)3He. This is in contrast to medium modification effects on the proton G_E/G_M from factor ratio, which act to decrease the predicted cross-section for the 4He(e,e'p)3H reaction. Experiments to measure the in-medium neutron form factors via neutron knockout reactions are currently feasible in the range 0.1 < Q^2 < 1 GeV^2.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure