cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Second-order calculation of the local density of states above a nanostructured surface
Creators: name: Rüting, Felix
name: Biehs, Svend-Age
name: Huth, Oliver
name: Holthaus, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have numerically implemented a perturbation series for the scattered electromagnetic fields above rough surfaces, due to Greffet, allowing us to evaluate the local density of states to second order in the surface profile function. We present typical results for thermal near fields of surfaces with regular nanostructures, investigating the relative magnitude of the contributions appearing in successive orders. The method is then employed for estimating the resolution limit of an idealized Near-Field Scanning Thermal Microscope (NSThM).
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
title: Domestic Politics and Neutrality (Norway)
title: Domestic Politics and Neutrality (Norway)
Creators: name: Brazier, Eirik
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Norwegen
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Neutralität
subject: Norway
subject: Politics and government--20th century

description: The article focuses on how Norway’s neutrality during the First World War impacted domestic politics. A large majority of the country’s political elite supported neutrality throughout the war. In the early years of the war, the Norwegian economy benefited from neutrality. The policy, however, also brought economic hardship in the form of rising cost of living towards the end of the war. The situation led to social unrest and political disagreements between the ruling Liberals and the opposition, especially from 1917 onwards. Neutrality, however, did not become a contentious issue.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Modeling in higher dimensions to improve diagnostic testing accuracy: theory and examples for multiplex saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays
Creators: name: Luke, Rayanne A.
name: Kearsley, Anthony J.
name: Pisanic, Nora
name: Manabe, Yukari C.
name: Thomas, David L.
name: Heaney, Christopher D.
name: Patrone, Paul N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has emphasized the importance and challenges of correctly interpreting antibody test results. Identification of positive and negative samples requires a classification strategy with low error rates, which is hard to achieve when the corresponding measurement values overlap. Additional uncertainty arises when classification schemes fail to account for complicated structure in data. We address these problems through a mathematical framework that combines high dimensional data modeling and optimal decision theory. Specifically, we show that appropriately increasing the dimension of data better separates positive and negative populations and reveals nuanced structure that can be described in terms of mathematical models. We combine these models with optimal decision theory to yield a classification scheme that better separates positive and negative samples relative to traditional methods such as confidence intervals (CIs) and receiver operating characteristics. We validate the usefulness of this approach in the context of a multiplex salivary SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G assay dataset. This example illustrates how our analysis: (i) improves the assay accuracy (e.g. lowers classification errors by up to 42 % compared to CI methods); (ii) reduces the number of indeterminate samples when an inconclusive class is permissible (e.g. by 40 % compared to the original analysis of the example multiplex dataset); and (iii) decreases the number of antigens needed to classify samples. Our work showcases the power of mathematical modeling in diagnostic classification and highlights a method that can be adopted broadly in public health and clinical settings.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, 6 supplemental figures; fixed typos/updated table, corrected PDF in Appendix
Molecular dynamics simulation with finite electric fields using Perturbed Neural Network Potentials
Creators: name: Joll, Kit
name: Schienbein, Philipp
name: Rosso, Kevin M.
name: Blumberger, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction of condensed phase systems with external electric fields is crucial in myriad processes in nature and technology ranging from the field-directed motion of cells (galvanotaxis), to energy storage and conversion systems including supercapacitors, batteries and solar cells. Molecular simulation in the presence of electric fields would give important atomistic insight into these processes but applications of the most accurate methods such as ab-initio molecular dynamics are limited in scope by their computational expense. Here we introduce Perturbed Neural Network Potential Molecular Dynamics (PNNP MD) to push back the accessible time and length scales of such simulations at virtually no loss in accuracy. The total forces on the atoms are expressed in terms of the unperturbed potential energy surface represented by a standard neural network potential and a field-induced perturbation obtained from a series expansion of the field interaction truncated at first order. The latter is represented in terms of an equivariant graph neural network, trained on the atomic polar tensor. PNNP MD is shown to give excellent results for the dielectric relaxation dynamics, the dielectric constant and the field-dependent IR spectrum of liquid water when compared to ab-initio molecular dynamics or experiment, up to surprisingly high field strengths of about 0.2 V/A. This is remarkable because, in contrast to most previous approaches, the two neural networks on which PNNL MD is based are exclusively trained on zero-field molecular configurations demonstrating that the networks not only interpolate but also reliably extrapolate the field response. PNNP MD is based on rigorous theory yet it is simple, general, modular, and systematically improvable allowing us to obtain atomistic insight into the interaction of a wide range of condensed phase systems with external electric fields.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures, 4 supplementary figures
Amtliche Mitteilungen der Universität Dortmund Nr. 03/78
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universität Dortmund
Year: 1978
Subjects: subject: 080

description: Diplomprüfungsordnung für die Diplomprüfung im Fach Chemietechnik
description: Amtliche Mitteilungen der Universität Dortmund ; 3, 1978
title: Ethiopia
title: Ethiopia
Creators: name: Zollmann, Jakob
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Äthiopien
subject: Ethiopia--Foreign relations--1889-1974

description: Before the war, Ethiopia had many diplomatic connections with European states and found itself in a strong position relative to them, particularly after defeating Italy in 1896. Once war broke out, it positioned itself as neutral. However, it also had an interest in fighting against Italy, and came under pressure to join the Central Powers. Therefore, the Allies supported a coup by a leader who was against fighting on the side of the Ottoman Empire. Despite this, the Allies did not accept Ethiopia's offer to sever relations with the Central Powers in exchange for the supply of weapons. After the war, Ethiopia struggled to gain its status among the family of nations' dominated by European states.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Amtliche Mitteilungen der Universität Dortmund Nr. 01/78
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universität Dortmund
Year: 1978
Subjects: subject: 080

description: Bilanz und Gewinn- und Verlustrechnung des Studentenwerks Dortmund AöR
description: Amtliche Mitteilungen der Universität Dortmund ; 1, 1978
Ensemble analysis of open cluster transit surveys: upper limits on the frequency of short-period planets consistent with the field
Creators: name: van Saders, Jennifer L.
name: Gaudi, B. Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several photometric surveys for short-period transiting giant planets have targeted a number of open clusters, but no convincing detections have been made. Although each individual survey typically targeted an insufficient number of stars to expect a detection assuming the frequency of short-period giant planets found in surveys of field stars, we ask whether the lack of detections from the ensemble of open cluster surveys is inconsistent with expectations from the field planet population. We select a subset of existing transit surveys with well-defined selection criteria and quantified detection efficiencies, and statistically combine their null results to show that the upper limit on the planet fraction is 5.5% and 1.4% for 1.0 $R_{J}$ and 1.5 $R_{J}$ planets, respectively in the $3
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Multi-band oscillations emerge from a simple spiking network
Creators: name: Wu, Tianyi
name: Cai, Yuhang
name: Zhang, Ruilin
name: Wang, Zhongyi
name: Tao, Louis
name: Xiao, Zhuo-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the brain, coherent neuronal activities often appear simultaneously in multiple frequency bands, e.g., as combinations of alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (12.5-30 Hz), gamma (30-120 Hz) oscillations, among others. These rhythms are believed to underlie information processing and cognitive functions and have been subjected to intense experimental and theoretical scrutiny. Computational modeling has provided a framework for the emergence of network-level oscillatory behavior from the interaction of spiking neurons. However, due to the strong nonlinear interactions between highly recurrent spiking populations, the interplay between cortical rhythms in multiple frequency bands has rarely been theoretically investigated. Many studies invoke multiple physiological timescales or oscillatory inputs to produce rhythms in multi-bands. Here we demonstrate the emergence of multi-band oscillations in a simple network consisting of one excitatory and one inhibitory neuronal population driven by constant input. First, we construct a data-driven, Poincaré section theory for robust numerical observations of single-frequency oscillations bifurcating into multiple bands. Then we develop model reductions of the stochastic, nonlinear, high-dimensional neuronal network to capture the appearance of multi-band dynamics and the underlying bifurcations theoretically. Furthermore, when viewed within the reduced state space, our analysis reveals conserved geometrical features of the bifurcations on low-dimensional dynamical manifolds. These results suggest a simple geometric mechanism behind the emergence of multi-band oscillations without appealing to oscillatory inputs or multiple synaptic or neuronal timescales. Thus our work points to unexplored regimes of stochastic competition between excitation and inhibition behind the generation of dynamic, patterned neuronal activities.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
Reinforcement Learning of Control Strategies for Reducing Skin Friction Drag in a Fully Developed Channel Flow
Creators: name: Sonoda, Takahiro
name: Liu, Zhuchen
name: Itoh, Toshitaka
name: Hasegawa, Yosuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reinforcement learning is applied to the development of control strategies in order to reduce skin friction drag in a fully developed turbulent channel flow at a low Reynolds number. Motivated by the so-called opposition control (Choi et al. 1993), in which a control input is applied so as to cancel the wall-normal velocity fluctuation on a detection plane at a certain distance from the wall, we consider wall blowing and suction as a control input, and its spatial distribution is determined by the instantaneous streamwise and wall-normal velocity fluctuations at the distance of 15 wall units above the wall. Deep neural network is used to express the complex relationship between the sensing information and the control input, and it is trained so as to maximize the expected long-term reward, i.e., drag reduction. When only the wall-normal velocity fluctuation is measured and a linear network is used, the present framework successfully reproduces the optimal linear weight for the opposition control reported in the previous study (Chung & Talha 2011). In contrast, when a non-linear network is used, more complex control strategies based on the instantaneous streamwise and wall-normal velocity fluctuations are obtained. Specifically, the obtained control strategies abruptly switch between strong wall blowing and suction for downwelling of a high-speed fluid toward the wall and upwelling of a low-speed fluid away from the wall, respectively. The obtained control policies lead to drag reduction rates as high as 37 %, which is higher than 23 % achieved by the conventional opposition control at the same Reynolds number. The present results indicate that reinforcement learning can be a novel framework for the development of effective control strategies through systematic learning based on a large number of trials.
A Simple Empirically Motivated Template for the Unresolved Thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect
Creators: name: Efstathiou, George
name: Migliaccio, Marina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a model for the power spectrum of unresolved clusters of galaxies arising from the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect. The model is based on a'universal' gas pressure profile constrained by X-ray observations and includes a parameter to describe departures from self-similar evolution. The model is consistent with recent Planck observations of the tSZ effect for X-ray clusters with redshifts z<1 and reproduces the low amplitude for the tSZ inferred from recent ground based observations. By adjusting two free parameters, we are able to reproduce the tSZ power spectra from recent numerical simulations to an accuracy that is well within theoretical uncertainties. Our model provides a simple, empirically motivated tSZ template that may be useful for the analysis of new experiments such as Planck.
description: 6 pages 4 figures
Hydrodynamical Evolution of Black-Hole Binaries Embedded in AGN Discs: II. Dependence on Equation of State, Binary Mass, and Separation Scales
Creators: name: Li, Rixin
name: Lai, Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar-mass binary black holes (BBHs) embedded in active galactic nucleus (AGN) discs offer a promising dynamical channel to produce black-hole mergers that are detectable by LIGO/Virgo. Modeling the interactions between the disc gas and the embedded BBHs is crucial to understand their orbital evolution. Using a suite of 2D high-resolution simulations of prograde equal-mass circular binaries in local disc models, we systematically study how their hydrodynamical evolution depends on the equation of state (EOS; including the $γ$-law and isothermal EOS) and on the binary mass and separation scales (relative to the supermassive BH mass and the Hill radius, respectively). We find that binaries accrete slower and contract in orbit if the EOS is far from isothermal such that the surrounding gas is diffuse, hot, and turbulent. The typical orbital decay rate is of the order of a few times the mass doubling rate. For a fixed EOS, the accretion flows are denser, hotter, and more turbulent around more massive or tighter binaries. The torque associated with accretion is often comparable to the gravitational torque, so both torques are essential in determining the long-term binary orbital evolution. We carry out additional simulations with non-accreting binaries and find that their orbital evolution can be stochastic and is sensitive to the gravitational softening length, and the secular orbital evolution can be very different from those of accreting binaries. Our results indicate that stellar-mass BBHs may be hardened efficiently under ideal conditions, namely less massive and wider binaries embedded in discs with a non-isothermal EOS.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, submitted to MNRAS
MedCycle: Unpaired Medical Report Generation via Cycle-Consistency
Creators: name: Hirsch, Elad
name: Dawidowicz, Gefen
name: Tal, Ayellet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generating medical reports for X-ray images presents a significant challenge, particularly in unpaired scenarios where access to paired image-report data for training is unavailable. Previous works have typically learned a joint embedding space for images and reports, necessitating a specific labeling schema for both. We introduce an innovative approach that eliminates the need for consistent labeling schemas, thereby enhancing data accessibility and enabling the use of incompatible datasets. This approach is based on cycle-consistent mapping functions that transform image embeddings into report embeddings, coupled with report auto-encoding for medical report generation. Our model and objectives consider intricate local details and the overarching semantic context within images and reports. This approach facilitates the learning of effective mapping functions, resulting in the generation of coherent reports. It outperforms state-of-the-art results in unpaired chest X-ray report generation, demonstrating improvements in both language and clinical metrics.
Amtliche Mitteilungen der Universität Dortmund Nr. 02/78
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universität Dortmund
Year: 1978
Subjects: subject: 080

description: Vorläufige Promotionsordnung der Universität Dortmund für die Fachrichtung Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften
description: Amtliche Mitteilungen der Universität Dortmund ; 2, 1978
SpecPro: An Interactive IDL Program for Viewing and Analyzing Astronomical Spectra
Creators: name: Masters, Daniel
name: Capak, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an interactive IDL program for viewing and analyzing astronomical spectra in the context of modern imaging surveys. SpecPro's interactive design lets the user simultaneously view spectroscopic, photometric, and imaging data, allowing for rapid object classification and redshift determination. The spectroscopic redshift can be determined with automated cross-correlation against a variety of spectral templates or by overlaying common emission and absorption features on the 1-D and 2-D spectra. Stamp images as well as the spectral energy distribution (SED) of a source can be displayed with the interface, with the positions of prominent photometric features indicated on the SED plot. Results can be saved to file from within the interface. In this paper we discuss key program features and provide an overview of the required data formats.
description: Accepted for publication in the Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (PASP) journal. Website: specpro.caltech.edu
Assembling of three-dimensional crystals by large nonequilibrium depletion force
Creators: name: Deng, Hai-Dong
name: Sun, Ting
name: Fu, Zhi-Cheng
name: Liu, Hai-Ying
name: Dai, Qiao-Feng
name: Wu, Li-Jun
name: Lan, Sheng
name: Achanta, Venu Gopal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and demonstrate a method to achieve large effective Soret coefficient in colloids by suitably mixing two different particles, e.g., silica beads and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. It is shown that the thermophoretic motion of Fe3O4 nanoparticles out of the heating region results in a large nonequlibrium depletion force for silica beads. Consequently, silica beads are driven quickly to the heating region, forming a three-dimensional crystal with few defects and dislocations. The binding of silica beads is so tight that a colloidal photonic crystal can be achieved after the complete evaporation of solvent, water. Thus, for fabrication of defect free colloidal PCs, periodic structures for molecular sieves, among others, the proposed technique could be a low cost alternative. In addition as we use biocompatible materials, this technique could be a tool for biophysics studies where the potential of large effective Soret coefficient could be useful.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Some Problems in Density Functional Theory
Creators: name: Wrighton, Jeffrey
name: Albavera-Mata, Angel
name: Rodriguez, Hector Francisco
name: Tan, Tun S.
name: Cancio, Antonio C.
name: Dufty, J. W.
name: Trickey, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Though calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) are used remarkably widely in chemistry, physics, materials science, and biomolecular research and though the modern form of DFT has been studied for almost 60 years, some mathematical problems remain. For context, we provide an outline of the basic structure of DFT, then pose several questions regarding both its time-independent and time-dependent forms. Progress on any of these would aid in development of better approximate functionals and in interpretation.
Inverse problems of inhomogeneous fracture toughness using phase-field models
Creators: name: Gao, Yueyuan
name: Yoshinaga, Natsuhiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M32

description: We propose inverse problems of crack propagation using the phase-field models. First, we study the crack propagation in an inhomogeneous media in which fracture toughness varies in space. Using the two phase-field models based on different surface energy functionals, we perform simulations of the crack propagation and show that the $J$-integral reflects the effective inhomogeneous toughness. Then, we formulate regression problems to estimate space-dependent fracture toughness from the crack path. Our method successfully estimates the positions and magnitude of tougher regions. We also demonstrate that our method works for different geometry of inhomogeneity.
High-energy physics with particles carrying non-zero orbital angular momentum
Creators: name: Ivanov, I. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thanks to progress in optics in the past two decades, it is possible to create photons carrying well-defined non-zero orbital angular momentum (OAM). Boosting these photons into high-energy range preserving their OAM seems feasible. Intermediate energy electrons with OAM have also been produced recently. One can, therefore, view OAM as a new degree of freedom in high-energy collisions and ask what novel insights into particles' structure and interactions it can bring. Here we discuss generic features of scattering processes involving particles with OAM in the initial state. We show that they make it possible to perform a Fourier analysis of a plane wave cross section with respect to the azimuthal angles of the initial particles, and to probe the autocorrelation function of the amplitude, a quantity inaccessible in plane wave collisions.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, talk given at the workshop "30 years of strong interactions", Spa, Belgium, 6-8 April 2011
S-O-WAS Semantic and Ontology based webapplication searchform
Creators: name: Erlinger, Christian
name: Neubauer, Georg
name: Petrovic-Majer, Sylvia
name: Rind, Alexander
name: Schlarb, Sven
name: Spangl, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Information Retrieval
Semantic Web
Wikidata

description:

“S-O-WAS” – Semantic-and -Ontology-based-Web-Applications-Searchform” erlaubt die maschinengestützte Formulierung von semantischen Suchanfragen in normierten Metadatenfeldern, gezeigt am Beispiel einer Autoren- und Schlagwortsuche mittels Identifikatoren der Gemeinsamen Normdatei. Semantische Fragestellungen werden in ihre einzelnen Bestandteile zerlegt, in eine SPARQL-Query transferiert und gegen Wikidata abgefragt. Teile einer Suchanfrage die mittels der Ontologie einer Normdatei abgebildet werden können, werden unmittelbar gegen die Normdatei abgeglichen. Die Kombination der Ergebnisse aus der Abfrage des Knowledge-Graphen wird eine Suchanfrage für lokale Bestandsverzeichnisse, wie Bibliothekskataloge gebildet.
Spin-sensitive Long-ranged Proximity Effect for Triplet Superconductors
Creators: name: Annunziata, Gaetano
name: Cuoco, Mario
name: Noce, Canio
name: Sudbø, Asle
name: Linder, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of noncentrosymmetric superconductors, such as CePt$_3$Si, and chiral superconductors, such as Sr$_2$RuO$_4$, calls for experimental methods to identify the presence of spin-triplet pairing. We here demonstrate a method which accomplishes this in an appealingly simple manner: a spin-sensitive proximity effect in a ferromagnet$\mid$triplet superconductor bilayer. It is shown how the orientation of the field can be used to unambiguously distinguish between different spin-triplet states. Moreover, the proximity effect becomes long-ranged in spite of the presence of an exchange field and even without any magnetic inhomogeneities, in contrast to conventional S$\mid$F junctions. Our results can be verified by STM-spectroscopy and could be useful as a tool to characterize the pairing state in unconventional superconducting materials.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Illicit prescription opioid injection : prevalence, characteristics, and health outcomes among people who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada
Creators: name: Lake, Stephanie Louise
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Background: The use of prescription opioid (PO) painkillers has increased substantially in Canada and the United States over the previous two decades, bringing widespread public health concern related to non-medical PO use and overdose. Meanwhile, the injection of POs has become common among illicit drug-using populations. This thesis sought to outline the health outcomes associated with injecting POs; evaluate the impact of PO injection on non-fatal overdose; and identify the characteristics associated with PO injection among HIV-positive individuals who use injection drugs (IDU). Methods: A systematic search was undertaken to identify studies that assessed associations between PO injection and various health outcomes. Data-driven studies used longitudinal measures from the Vancouver Injection Drug User Study (VIDUS) or the AIDS Care Cohort to Evaluate Exposure to Survival Services (ACCESS). Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to estimate the effect of PO injection (with and without concurrent heroin use) on non-fatal overdose (study 1) and to identify exposures and clinical characteristics independently associated with PO injection among HIV-positive IDU (study 2). Results: Among 31 articles included in a systematic review, several health outcomes were identified in relation to PO injection. Between December 2005 and May 2014, study 1 followed 1660 IDU, of whom a median of 24.5% reported recent PO injection. In a multivariable GEE analysis, injecting heroin or both POs and heroin, but not PO alone, significantly increased the odds of overdosing compared to injecting non-opioids. Between December 2005 and November 2013, study 2 followed 634 HIV-positive IDU. In a multivariable GEE analysis, periods of PO injection were positively associated with Caucasian ethnicity, heroin injection and drug dealing, and negatively associated with older age and methadone maintenance treatment. Conclusions: Findings of this research highlight a constellation of social and drug-related vulnerabilities associated with injecting POs, emphasizing the importance of considering PO injection in current harm reduction strategies. These results further strengthen the rationale for expanding several harm reduction-based interventions (e.g., supervised injection sites, take-home naloxone, methadone maintenance treatment and alternatives), and integrating them into current health care treatment for IDU.
Bulgeless Giant Galaxies Challenge our Picture of Galaxy Formation by Hierarchical Clustering
Creators: name: Kormendy, John
name: Drory, Niv
name: Bender, Ralf
name: Cornell, Mark E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We dissect giant Sc-Scd galaxies with Hubble Space Telescope photometry and Hobby-Eberly Telescope spectroscopy. We use HET's High Resolution Spectrograph (resolution = 15,000) to measure stellar velocity dispersions in the nuclear star clusters and pseudobulges of the pure-disk galaxies M33, M101, NGC 3338, NGC 3810, NGC 6503, and NGC 6946. We conclude: (1) Upper limits on the masses of any supermassive black holes are MBH <= (2.6+-0.5) * 10**6 M_Sun in M101 and MBH <= (2.0+-0.6) * 10**6 M_Sun in NGC 6503. (2) HST photometry shows that the above galaxies contain tiny pseudobulges that make up 150 km/s show no evidence for a classical bulge. Four may contain small classical bulges that contribute 5-12% of the galaxy light. Only 4 of the 19 giant galaxies are ellipticals or have classical bulges that contribute 1/3 of the galaxy light. So pure-disk galaxies are far from rare. It is hard to understand how they could form as the quiescent tail of a distribution of merger histories. Recognition of pseudobulges makes the biggest problem with cold dark matter galaxy formation more acute: How can hierarchical clustering make so many giant, pure-disk galaxies with no evidence for merger-built bulges? This problem depends strongly on environment: the Virgo cluster is not a puzzle, because >2/3 of its stellar mass is in merger remnants.
description: 28 pages, 16 Postscript figures, 2 tables; requires emulateapj.sty and apjfonts.sty; accepted for publication in ApJ; for a version with full resolution figures, see http://chandra.as.utexas.edu/~kormendy/kdbc.pdf
Enhancing visibility of graphene on arbitrary substrates by microdroplet condensation
Creators: name: Gonçalves, Hugo
name: Belsley, Michael
name: Moura, Cacilda
name: Stauber, Tobias
name: Schellenberg, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to take advantage of the enormous potential of graphene for future electronic micro-circuits and other applications it is necessary to develop reliable, rapid and widely applicable methods to visualize graphene based structures. We report here on a micro-droplet condensation technique, which allows for quick visual identification of graphene on a variety of substrates, including some which were previously considered unsuitable for the visualization of carbon layers. The technique should also be applicable to visualize artificially patterned graphene structures which are expected to be key technologically enabling components in electronic micro-circuits and other applications.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Conformal Carroll Scalars with Boosts
Creators: name: Baiguera, Stefano
name: Oling, Gerben
name: Sybesma, Watse
name: Søgaard, Benjamin T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct two distinct actions for scalar fields that are invariant under local Carroll boosts and Weyl transformations. Conformal Carroll field theories were recently argued to be related to the celestial holography description of asymptotically flat spacetimes. However, only few explicit examples of such theories are known, and they lack local Carroll boost symmetry on a generic curved background. We derive two types of conformal Carroll scalar actions with boost symmetry on a curved background in any dimension and compute their energy-momentum tensors, which are traceless. In the first type of theories, time derivatives dominate and spatial derivatives are suppressed. In the second type, spatial derivatives dominate, and constraints are present to ensure local boost invariance. By integrating out these constraints, we show that the spatial conformal Carroll theories can be reduced to lower-dimensional Euclidean CFTs, which is reminiscent of the embedding space construction.
description: 29+6 pages, two figures; v2: minor changes, added references, v3: expanded discussion of dimensional reduction, minor changes, one reference added
Open Conversational LLMs do not know most Spanish words
Creators: name: Conde, Javier
name: González, Miguel
name: Melero, Nina
name: Ferrando, Raquel
name: Martínez, Gonzalo
name: Merino-Gómez, Elena
name: Hernández, José Alberto
name: Reviriego, Pedro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The growing interest in Large Language Models (LLMs) and in particular in conversational models with which users can interact has led to the development of a large number of open-source chat LLMs. These models are evaluated on a wide range of benchmarks to assess their capabilities in answering questions or solving problems on almost any possible topic or to test their ability to reason or interpret texts. Instead, the evaluation of the knowledge that these models have of the languages has received much less attention. For example, the words that they can recognize and use in different languages. In this paper, we evaluate the knowledge that open-source chat LLMs have of Spanish words by testing a sample of words in a reference dictionary. The results show that open-source chat LLMs produce incorrect meanings for an important fraction of the words and are not able to use most of the words correctly to write sentences with context. These results show how Spanish is left behind in the open-source LLM race and highlight the need to push for linguistic fairness in conversational LLMs ensuring that they provide similar performance across languages.
description: Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural, 73, 95-108
Statistical Modeling of RNA-Seq Data
Creators: name: Salzman, Julia
name: Jiang, Hui
name: Wong, Wing Hung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Recently, ultra high-throughput sequencing of RNA (RNA-Seq) has been developed as an approach for analysis of gene expression. By obtaining tens or even hundreds of millions of reads of transcribed sequences, an RNA-Seq experiment can offer a comprehensive survey of the population of genes (transcripts) in any sample of interest. This paper introduces a statistical model for estimating isoform abundance from RNA-Seq data and is flexible enough to accommodate both single end and paired end RNA-Seq data and sampling bias along the length of the transcript. Based on the derivation of minimal sufficient statistics for the model, a computationally feasible implementation of the maximum likelihood estimator of the model is provided. Further, it is shown that using paired end RNA-Seq provides more accurate isoform abundance estimates than single end sequencing at fixed sequencing depth. Simulation studies are also given.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-STS343 the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Finite-rate sparse quantum codes aplenty
Creators: name: Tremblay, Maxime
name: Duclos-Cianci, Guillaume
name: Kourtis, Stefanos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a methodology for generating random multi-qubit stabilizer codes based on solving a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) on random bipartite graphs. This framework allows us to enforce stabilizer commutation, $X/Z$ balancing, finite rate, sparsity, and maximum-degree constraints simultaneously in a CSP that we can then solve numerically. Using a state-of-the-art CSP solver, we obtain convincing evidence for the existence of a satisfiability threshold. Furthermore, the extent of the satisfiable phase increases with the number of qubits. In that phase, finding sparse codes becomes an easy problem. Moreover, we observe that the sparse codes found in the satisfiable phase practically achieve the channel capacity for erasure noise. Our results show that intermediate-size finite-rate sparse quantum codes are easy to find, while also demonstrating a flexible methodology for generating good codes with custom properties. We therefore establish a complete and customizable pipeline for random quantum code discovery.
Restriction theorems and Salem sets
Creators: name: Hambrook, Kyle David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: In the first part of this thesis, I prove the sharpness of the exponent range in the L² Fourier restriction theorem due to Mockenhaupt and Mitsis (with endpoint estimate due to Bak and Seeger) for measures on ℝ. The proof is based on a random Cantor-type construction of Salem sets due to Laba and Pramanik. The key new idea is to embed in the Salem set a small deterministic Cantor set that disrupts the restriction estimate for the natural measure on the Salem set but does not disrupt the measure's Fourier decay. In the second part of this thesis, I prove a lower bound on the Fourier dimension of Ε(ℚ,ψ,θ) = {x ∊ ℝ : ‖qx - θ‖ ≤ ψ(q) for infinitely many q ∊ ℚ}, where ℚ is an infinite subset of ℤ, Ψ : ℤ → (0,∞), and θ ∊ ℝ. This generalizes theorems of Kaufman and Bluhm and yields new explicit examples of Salem sets. I also prove a multi-dimensional analog of this result. I give applications of these results to metrical Diophantine approximation and determine the Hausdorff dimension of Ε(ℚ,ψ,θ) in new cases.
Scanning Raman spectroscopy of graphene antidot lattices: Evidence for systematic p-type doping
Creators: name: Heydrich, S.
name: Hirmer, M.
name: Preis, C.
name: Korn, T.
name: Eroms, J.
name: Weiss, D.
name: Schüller, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated antidot lattices, which were prepared on exfoliated graphene single layers via electron-beam lithography and ion etching, by means of scanning Raman spectroscopy. The peak positions, peak widths and intensities of the characteristic phonon modes of the carbon lattice have been studied systematically in a series of samples. In the patterned samples, we found a systematic stiffening of the G band mode, accompanied by a line narrowing, while the 2D mode energies are found to be linearly correlated with the G mode energies. We interpret this as evidence for p-type doping of the nanostructured graphene.
Assessing theoretical uncertainties for cosmological constraints from weak lensing surveys
Creators: name: Tan, Ting
name: Zuercher, Dominik
name: Fluri, Janis
name: Refregier, Alexandre
name: Tarsitano, Federica
name: Kacprzak, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $ $Weak gravitational lensing is a powerful probe which is used to constrain the standard cosmological model and its extensions. With the enhanced statistical precision of current and upcoming surveys, high accuracy predictions for weak lensing statistics are needed to limit the impact of theoretical uncertainties on cosmological parameter constraints. For this purpose, we present a comparison of the theoretical predictions for the nonlinear matter and weak lensing power spectra, based on the widely used fitting functions ($\texttt{mead}$ and $\texttt{rev-halofit}$), emulators ($\texttt{EuclidEmulator}$, $\texttt{EuclidEmulator2}$, $\texttt{BaccoEmulator}$ and $\texttt{CosmicEmulator}$) and N-body simulations ($\texttt{Pkdgrav3}$). We consider the forecasted constraints on the $Λ\texttt{CDM}$ and $\texttt{wCDM}$ models from weak lensing for stage III and stage IV surveys. We study the relative bias on the constraints and their dependence on the assumed prescriptions. Assuming a $Λ\texttt{CDM}$ cosmology, we find that the relative agreement on the $S_8$ parameter is between $0.2-0.3σ$ for a stage III-like survey between the above predictors. For a stage IV-like survey the agreement becomes $1.4-3.0σ$. In the $\texttt{wCDM}$ scenario, we find broader $S_8$ constraints, and agreements of $0.18-0.26σ$ and $0.7-1.7σ$ for stage III and stage IV surveys, respectively. The accuracies of the above predictors therefore appear adequate for stage III surveys, while the fitting functions would need improvements for future stage IV weak lensing surveys. Furthermore, we find that, of the fitting functions, $\texttt{mead}$ provides the best agreement with the emulators. We discuss the implication of these findings for the preparation of the future weak lensing surveys.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures
Symmetries of Abelian Orbifolds
Creators: name: Hanany, Amihay
name: Seong, Rak-Kyeong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Polya Enumeration Theorem, we count with particular attention to C^3/Gamma up to C^6/Gamma, abelian orbifolds in various dimensions which are invariant under cycles of the permutation group S_D. This produces a collection of multiplicative sequences, one for each cycle in the Cycle Index of the permutation group. A multiplicative sequence is controlled by its values on prime numbers and their pure powers. Therefore, we pay particular attention to orbifolds of the form C^D/Gamma where the order of Gamma is p^alpha. We propose a generalization of these sequences for any D and any p.
description: 75 pages, 13 figures, 30 tables
Dynamics of Vortices and Solitons in a Bose-Einstein Condensate by an Oscillating Potential
Creators: name: Fujimoto, Kazuya
name: Tsubota, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study numerically the dynamics of quantized vortices and solitons induced by an oscillating potential inside a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate. The dynamics of the topological defects is much different from the case for a linear uniform object; the metamorphosis between vortices and solitons is characteristic of the dynamics. We discuss how vortices are nucleated by an oscillating potential.
description: 8 pages, 6 figure
Coarse particulate matter air quality in East Asia: implications for fine particulate nitrate
Creators: name: Zhai, Shixian
name: Jacob, Daniel J.
name: Pendergrass, Drew C.
name: Colombi, Nadia K.
name: Shah, Viral
name: Yang, Laura Hyesung
name: Zhang, Qiang
name: Wang, Shuxiao
name: Kim, Hwajin
name: Sun, Yele
name: Choi, Jin-Soo
name: Park, Jin-Soo
name: Luo, Gan
name: Yu, Fangqun
name: Woo, Jung-Hun
name: Kim, Younha
name: Dibb, Jack E.
name: Lee, Taehyoung
name: Han, Jin-Seok
name: Anderson, Bruce E.
name: Li, Ke
name: Liao, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coarse particulate matter (PM) is a serious air pollution problem in East Asia. Analysis of air quality network observations in the North China Plain and the Seoul Metropolitan Area shows that it is mainly anthropogenic and has decreased by 21% over 2015-2019. This anthropogenic coarse PM is generally not included in air quality models but scavenges nitric acid to suppress the formation of fine particulate (PM2.5) nitrate, a major contributor to PM2.5 pollution. Including it in the GEOS-Chem model decreases simulated PM2.5 nitrate to improve agreement with observations. Decreasing anthropogenic coarse PM over 2015-2019 directly increases PM2.5 nitrate in summer, offsetting the effect of other emission controls, while in winter it increases the sensitivity of PM2.5 nitrate to ammonia and sulfur dioxide emissions. Our work implies the need for stronger ammonia and nitrogen oxides emission controls to improve PM2.5 air quality as coarse PM continues to decrease.
description: We have revised this work considerably and want to avoid the confusion
Temperature performance analysis of terahertz quantum cascade lasers: Vertical versus diagonal designs
Creators: name: Mátyás, Alpár
name: Belkin, Mikhail A.
name: Lugli, Paolo
name: Jirauschek, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resonant phonon depopulation terahertz quantum cascade lasers based on vertical and diagonal lasing transitions are systematically compared using a well established ensemble Monte Carlo approach. The analysis shows that for operating temperatures below 200 K, diagonal designs may offer superior temperature performance at lasing frequencies of about 3.5 THz and above; however, vertical structures are more advantageous for good temperature performance at lower frequencies.