Paravelia amapaensis Rodrigues, Moreira, Nieser, Chen & Melo, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Higor D. D.
name: Moreira, Felipe F. F.
name: Nieser, Nico
name: Chen, Ping Ping
name: Melo, Alan L.
name: Dias-Silva, Karina
name: Giehl, Nubia F. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Veliidae
Paravelia
Paravelia amapaensis

description: Paravelia amapaensis Rodrigues, Moreira, Nieser, Chen & Melo, sp. nov.
(Figs 1, 3 A–B, 21)
Macropterous male. BL 4.80; HL 0.65; HW 0.90; ANT I 0.63, ANT II 0.54, ANT III 0.53, ANT IV 0.61; EYE 0.24; PL 1.64; PW 1.61; FORELEG: FEM 1.10, TIB 1.11, TAR I 0.11, TAR II 0.20, TAR III 0.30; MIDLEG: FEM 1.26, TIB 1.35, TAR I 0.10, TAR II 0.38, TAR III 0.38; HINDLEG: FEM 1.60, TIB 1.70, TAR I 0.14, TAR II lost, TAR III lost.
Head, sides and venter of body orange brown. Antennae brown. Eyes shining black. Bucculae and articles I–II of rostrum light brown; articles III–IV covered by glue. Pronotum centrally brown with orange brown margins. Forewings brown, with distinctly lighter veins; an elongated white macula starting near humeral angle and distinctly surpassing apex of pronotum, and an elongated white macula centrally at apex, strongly constricted at middle (Fig. 1 A). Legs brown, with slightly darker areas near apex of femora and tibiae (Figs 1 A–B). Genital segments and exposed portion of connexives brown.
Head velvety, with long black setae in front of eyes and adjacent to inner eye margin, and a pair of shining oblique impressions in posterior region, without black denticles. Antennae densely covered by short brown setae and longer black setae, more dense on antennomeres I–II. Antennomere I stoutest, curved outward; II thicker than III–IV; III–IV with subequal width (Fig. 1 A). Ocular setae present. Bucculae and gula coarsely punctured.
Pronotum subpentagonal, constricted before middle, covered by short golden setae and longer thin black setae, with weak longitudinal median carina on anterior lobe and punctations on posterior lobe deeper and wider towards apex. Humeri elevated, with outer margin rounded. Posterior angle of pronotum rounded (Fig. 1 A). Margins of pronotum thickened after humeri. Forewings reaching base of genital segments, with distinct veins, covered by long setae on outer proximal portions. Sides of thorax (Fig. 1 C) and sides and venter of abdomen, except for abdominal sternite VII, densely covered by suboval punctations and by long thin light setae. Venter of thorax not visible. Legs very pilose, with long setae on venter of femora, without spines or spine-like setae (Figs 1 A–B). Hind femur distinctly thicker than others. Tibiae slightly flattened near apex. Apex of fore tibiae not visible.
Abdominal connexives densely covered by long, thick setae. Last abdominal sternite centrally flat, with posterior margin truncate (Fig. 1 B). Genital segment I with posterior margin forming a small convex lobe medially. Proctiger covered with several setae medially, with a pair of small expansions anteriorly (Figs 3 A–B). Parameres elongated, flat, and slightly curved, tapering in apical 1/3, with a row of setae on ventral surface (Fig. 3 A).
Type-material. Holotype: Brazil, Amapá: macropterous male (MNRJ), Porto Santana, I.C.O.M. I., II– VI.1961, (J.C.M. Carvalho).
Distribution. Only the holotype, collected near the mouth of the Rio Amazonas (Fig. 21) is known up to the present. It is the only species of Paravelia recorded from the Amapá State.
Etymology. Named after the Amapá State, northern Brazil, where the holotype was collected.
Discussion. The new species can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by the dense cover of suboval punctations on sides and venter of body, except P. a n t a Mazzucconi, 2000, P. bilobata sp. nov., P. dilatata Polhemus & Polhemus 1984, P. foveata Polhemus & Polhemus, 1984, and P. hungerfordi (Drake & Harris, 1933), which also have the same character. Paravelia amapaensis sp. nov. shares the presence of relatively short white maculae on base of forewings and a strongly constricted white macula on apex (Fig. 1 A) with P. a n t a. However, they can be separated by the following characteristics of the former: body shorter than 5.00 mm (5.40–5.70 in P. anta), gula and bucculae with about 10 suboval punctures (20 in P. anta), pronotum constricted before middle, hind tibia unarmed (30–50 short spines in P. a n t a), and paramere shape.
As for P. bilobata sp. nov., the shape of apical macula on forewing (Figs 4 A–B), and the presence of a pair of bilobed projections anteriorly on male proctiger (Figs 6 E–F), separates this species from P. amapaensis sp. nov. In relation to P. dilatata, the male of this species has a distinct anterior expansion (Fig. 15 B), absent in the new species. In the case of P. hungerfordi, the presence of about 35 spines on the hind tibia, the very long basal maculae, and the weakly constricted apical macula of forewings separates it from P. amapaensis sp. nov. Finally, P. foveata has unarmed legs, like the new species, but is much shorter (3.35 mm) and has five distinct white maculae on forewings besides whitish areas inside cells (Fig. 17 A), whereas P. amapaensis has only three white maculae (Fig. 1 A).
description: Published as part of Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Moreira, Felipe F. F., Nieser, Nico, Chen, Ping Ping, Melo, Alan L., Dias-Silva, Karina & Giehl, Nubia F. S., 2014, The genus Paravelia Breddin, 1898 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in Brazil, with descriptions of eight new species, pp. 1-47 in Zootaxa 3784 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3784.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/285781