Sida anomala A. Saint-Hilaire 1825
Creators: name: Grings, Martin
name: Boldrini, Ilsi Iob
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malvales
Malvaceae
Sida
Sida anomala

description: 1. Sida anomala A. Saint-Hilaire (1825: 177) (Figures 1A–F, 2, 14A).
Lectotype (designated by Rodrigo 1944: t.
2):— URUGUAY. Paisandú, “près le village de Sando”, A. St.-Hilaire C2/2470 (P barcode 02285362! [digital image]; isolectotypes P barcode 02285364! [digital image], P barcode 02285363! [digital image]).
≡ Sida ciliaris L. var. anomala (A. Saint-Hilaire) Hochreutiner, Ann. Cons. & Jard. Bot. Gen. 6: 35. 1902.
Taxonomic notes: —The species is referred as a variety of Sida ciliaris Linnaeus (1785: 1145) by Hochreutiner (1902: 35). However, we adopt the Rodrigo (1944) species concept, which separates S. anomala from S. ciliaris by linear leaf blades, flowers with 2 cm in diameter, and mericarps with large irregular prominences (muricate) at the dorsal face (vs. suborbicular or cuneate-truncate leaves, flowers with 1.5 cm in diameter, and mericarps fine reticulate, with short spinose prominences only at the lateral angles). After analyzing herbarium materials, we believe that these diagnostic characters are sufficient to separate the two species. Rodrigo (1944) states that S. anomala has erect habit and S. ciliaris decumbent or semidecumbent habit in the field. However, we also observed individuals of S. anomala with decumbent or semidecumbent habit. Therefore its habit does not serve as a diagnostic character. The species can be distinguished from Sida paradoxa, also from section Malacroideae (Table 1), by linear leaf blades (rarely linear-lanceolate), serrate in the upper half; flowers 2 cm in diameter; fruits with 7–8 mericarps (Figures 1A–F, 14A) (vs. cuneate-truncate leaf blades, subentire, with three teeth at the apex; flowers 2.5 cm in diameter; fruits with 5 mericarps).
Distribution, habitat and conservation status: —This species is known from Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia and Brazil (Krapovickas 2007b, Zuloaga et al. 2008, Alverson et al. 2014, Bovini 2020). For Brazil the species is known from Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and Rio Grande do Sul states (Bovini 2020). In the latter, it occurs only in southwest region in Park grassland and Shallow soil grassland (Figure 2). According to IUCN (2017) criteria, the species is Least Concern (LC) with an Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of 1,095,931.709 Km² and an Area of Occupancy of 220 Km². Furthermore, it does not meet the criterion B(b) and B(c).
Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul. Barra do Quaraí, Parque Estadual do Espinilho, 46 m, WGS 84 S - 30.19196º W -057.52877º, 02 December 2020, M. Grings et al. 2196 (ICN); Quaraí, Fazenda Posto Branco, UTM 21 S 554226.40 m E 6658863.09 m S, 04 February 2018 M. Grings 1915 (HUCS); Uruguaiana, BR-290, 29º52’09”S 56º49’45”W, 03 December 2010, G. A. Dettke 487 (ICN).
description: Published as part of Grings, Martin & Boldrini, Ilsi Iob, 2022, Synopsis of Sida (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, pp. 105-135 in Phytotaxa 542 (2) on pages 108-111, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6415487