cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Non-commutative and commutative vacua effects in a scalar torsion scenario
Creators: name: Sheikhahmadi, Haidar
name: Aghamohammadi, Ali
name: Saaidi, Khaled
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, the effects of non-commutative and commutative vacua on the phase space generated by a scalar field in a scalar torsion scenario are investigated. For both classical and quantum regimes, the commutative and non-commutative cases are compared. To take account the effects of non-commutativity, two well known non-commutative parameters, $θ$ and $β,$ are introduced. It should be emphasized, the effects of $β$ which is related to momentum sector has more key role in comparison to $θ$ which is related to space sector. Also the different boundary conditions and mathematical interpretations of non-commutativity are explored.
description: 10 pages, Accepted for publication in Physics Letters B (July/30/2015)
The clinical importance of tandem exon duplication-derived substitutions
Creators: name: Tress, Michael
name: Gómez, Laura Martínez
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2023

description: Here we present our analysis into tandem duplicated exon substitution events, buy far the most important class of alternative splice events that exists. The paper was published in Nucleic Acids Research (https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/49/14/8232/6327695?login=false), and the talk was presented in the Highlights track of ECCB 2022.

 Remarkably, the vast majority of these splice events are ancient, and very few of these events have appeared since the common ancestor of mammals and fish, more than 400 million years ago. Splice events formed from tandem duplicated exons have 25 times as many pathogenic mutations as all other types of splice events.

 Although there is a certain overlap between tandem duplicated exon substitution events and mutually exclusively spliced exon events, they should not be confused. We show that mutually exclusively spliced exons that are not formed from tandem duplicated exons are not particularly biologically relevant.

 There is a follow up paper in Genome Biology and Evolution in which we analyse the conservation and tissue specificity of these events, and suggest that they may have played a role in metazoan tissue development (https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article/14/12/evac162/6809199?login=false)
Additional file 1 of Isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria species from different water sources: a study of six hospitals in Tehran, Iran
Creators: name: Moghaddam, Sina
name: Nojoomi, Farshad
name: Dabbagh Moghaddam, Arasb
name: Mohammadimehr, Mojgan
name: Sakhaee, Fatemeh
name: Masoumi, Morteza
name: Siadat, Seyed Davar
name: Fateh, Abolfazl
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. the frequency of NTM isolates and CFU in six-hospitals.
Anti-chiral order and spin reorientation transitions of triangle-based antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Balents, Leon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that triangle-based antiferromagnets with "anti-chiral" order display a non-trivial dependence of the spin orientation with an in-plane field. The spins evolve from rotating in the opposite sense to the field at very low fields to rotating in the same sense as the field above some critical field scale. In the latter regime the system displays first order transitions at which the spin angles jump, and these first order lines terminate in critical points in the Ising universality class. Application to Mn$_3$Sn is discussed.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Particle acceleration by magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability: mechanism for flares in black-hole accretion flows
Creators: name: Zhdankin, Vladimir
name: Ripperda, Bart
name: Philippov, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability in relativistic collisionless plasma, as an astrophysical process for nonthermal particle acceleration. We consider dense plasma on top of a highly magnetized cavity with sheared magnetic field. Using particle-in-cell simulations, we show that small plumes grow and merge progressively to form a large-scale plume, which broadens to drive rapid magnetic reconnection in the cavity. We find that this leads to efficient particle acceleration capable of explaining flares from the inner accretion flow onto the black hole Sgr A*.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures; accepted for publication in Physical Review Research
Additional file 1 of End-of-life care for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients with acute exacerbation
Creators: name: Akiyama, Norimichi
name: Fujisawa, Tomoyuki
name: Morita, Tatsuya
name: Koyauchi, Takafumi
name: Matsuda, Yoshinobu
name: Mori, Masanori
name: Miyashita, Mitsunori
name: Tachikawa, Ryo
name: Tomii, Keisuke
name: Tomioka, Hiromi
name: Hagimoto, Satoshi
name: Kondoh, Yasuhiro
name: Inoue, Yoshikazu
name: Suda, Takafumi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Accelerating content-based image-patch retrieval (CBIR) algorithms using HPC architectures and code optimization methods
Creators: name: Gomez, Silvina Re
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: content-based image-patch retrieval
code optimisation

description: Thesis submitted for Master's Degree Defense, by Silvina Re on January 2014. Universitat Oberta De Catalunya. Director: Dr. Ivan Rodero Castro, Computational Imaging and Biomedical Informatics, Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Medical School. "Accelerating content-based image-patch retrieval (CBIR) algorithms using HPC architectures and code optimization methods".
QS$G\hat{W}$: Quasiparticle Self consistent $GW$ with ladder diagrams in $W$
Creators: name: Cunningham, Brian
name: Grüning, Myrta
name: Pashov, Dimitar
name: van Schilfgaarde, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extension of the quasiparticle self-consistent $GW$ approximation (QS$GW$) [Phys. Rev. B, 76 165106 (2007)] to include vertex corrections in the screened Coulomb interaction $W$. This is achieved by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation for the polarization matrix at all $k$-points in the Brillouin zone. We refer to this method as QS$G\hat{W}$. QS$GW$ yields a reasonable and consistent description of the electronic structure and optical response, but systematic errors in several properties appear, notably a tendency to overestimate insulating bandgaps, blue-shift plasmon peaks in the imaginary part of the dielectric function, and underestimate the dielectric constant $ε_{\infty}$. A primary objective of this paper is to assess to what extent including ladder diagrams in $W$ ameliorates systematic errors for insulators in the QS$GW$ approximation. For benchmarking we consider about 40 well understood semiconductors, and also examine a variety of less well characterized nonmagnetic systems, six antiferromagnetic oxides, and the ferrimagnet Fe$_3$O$_4$. We find ladders ameliorate shortcomings in QS$GW$ to a remarkable degree in both the one-body Green's function and the dielectric function for a wide range of insulators. New discrepancies with experiment appear, and a key aim of this paper is to establish to what extent the errors are systematic and can be traced to diagrams missing from the theory. One key finding of this work is to establish a relation between the bandgap and the dielectric constant $ε_{\infty}$. Good description of both properties together provides a much more robust benchmark than either alone. We show how this information can be used to improve our understanding of the one-particle spectral properties in materials systems such as SrTiO$_3$ and FeO.
description: 47 pages, 28 figures
Evaluation of RGM Medium for Isolation of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria from Respiratory Samples from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis in the United States
Creators: name: Plongla, Rongpong
name: Gilligan, Peter H.
name: Perry, John D.
name: Preece, Clair L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: ABSTRACT A novel selective agar (RGM medium) has been advocated for the isolation of rapidly growing mycobacteria from the sputa of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The aim of this study was to compare RGM medium to Burkholderia cepacia selective agar (BCSA) and a standard acid-fast bacillus (AFB) culture method for the isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from patients with CF. The applicability of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for the identification of NTM isolated on RGM medium was also assessed. Respiratory samples ( n = 869) were collected from 487 CF patients and inoculated directly onto RGM medium and BCSA. Cultures were incubated at 30°C and examined for up to 28 days. A subset of 212 samples (from 172 patients) was also cultured by using a mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) and on Lowenstein-Jensen medium following dual decontamination. By using a combination of all methods, 98 mycobacteria were isolated from 869 samples (11.3%). The sensitivity of RGM medium (96.9%) was significantly higher than that of BCSA (35.7%) for the isolation of mycobacteria ( P < 0.0001). The sensitivity of RGM medium was also superior to that of standard AFB culture for the isolation of mycobacteria (92.2% versus 47.1%; P < 0.0001). MALDI-TOF MS was effective for the identification of mycobacteria in RGM medium. RGM medium offers a simple and highly effective tool for the isolation of NTM from patients with CF. Extended incubation of RGM medium for 28 days facilitates the isolation of slow-growing species, including members of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAVC).
Impatiens damingensis S. X. Yu, C. Y. Xia & H. P. Deng 2019, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Xia, Chang-Ying
name: Gadagkar, Sudhindra R.
name: Li, Jin
name: Deng, Hong-Ping
name: Yu, Sheng-Xiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Ericales
Balsaminaceae
Impatiens
Impatiens damingensis

description: Impatiens damingensis S. X. Yu, C. Y. Xia & H. P. Deng,  sp. nov.  Figs. 1, 2
 Type. China. Guangxi: Wuming, Damingshan; shade and damp places, Alt. 1220m, 2004-09-02, S. X. Yu 3227 (Holotype, PE; Isotype, IBK), same place, 2002-07-09, Y-G Wei 0205 (IBK).
 Diagnosis. Similar to I. aquatilis Hook.f. in having racemose inflorescences, two lateral sepals and ellipsoid seeds, but is different by way of having ovate or ovate-lanceolate blades, acute apices of bracts, mucronulate apices of lateral sepals, and a slender and slightly incurved spur. SEM results also reveal distinct differences in seedcoat and pollen grain micro-morphology when compared to I. aquatilis.
Annual herb, 25–50 cm tall, glabrous, stems fleshy, erect or ascendant, well branched, basal nodes swollen with adventitious roots. Leaves alternate, often aggregated above, blades 2–4 (–6) cm long, 1.5–2.5 cm wide, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate, margin deep crenate, fimbriated towards the base, base attenuate, petiole 0.5–1.5 cm long, base with 2 petiole glands, midvein obvious beneath, lateral veins 4–6 pairs, arcuate, deep green above, pale green beneath. Inflorescences racemose, 5–9 flowered, solitary in leaf axil, peduncle 5–8 cm long, glabrous, obviously longer than leaves. Flowers 4–4.5 cm long expanded, rose color. Bracts 3–4 mm long, membranous, ovate-elliptic, acuminate, persistent. Pedicels 10–15 mm long, slender. Sepals 3, lateral sepals 2, 4–5 mm long, 2–2.5 mm wide, oblique ovate, inequilateral, apex apiculate. Lip (lower sepal) 10–15 mm long, caliciform or infundibuliform, oral area slightly oblique above, constricted into a 3–3.5 mm long, curved, apex bifid, filiform spur. Standard (dorsal petal) 7–8 mm long, 11–12 mm wide, base truncate, oblong, dorsally with a narrowcrest terminating, beak-like. Alae (united lateral petals) sessile, 2–2.3 mm long, bilobated, base lobe 7–9 mm long, oblong; distal lobe 1.2–1.5 mm long, slightly concave. Stamens 5, filament linear, 2–3 mm long, anther obtuse at apex, Ovary glabrous, erect. Fruit 1.7–1.8 mm long, coryneform, apex beaked, polyspermy. Seeds obovoid, brown, 2.0× 1.3 mm, L/W = 1.54, seed coat tuberculate (Fig. 3:A). Fl. Jul.–Sep., Fr. Aug.–Oct.
description: Published as part of Xia, Chang-Ying, Gadagkar, Sudhindra R., Li, Jin, Deng, Hong-Ping & Yu, Sheng-Xiang, 2019, Impatiens damingensis (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China, pp. 239-247 in Phytotaxa 399 (3) on pages 240-242, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.399.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/13716359
KiDS-1000: cosmic shear with enhanced redshift calibration
Creators: name: Busch, J. L. van den
name: Wright, A. H.
name: Hildebrandt, H.
name: Bilicki, M.
name: Asgari, M.
name: Joudaki, S.
name: Blake, C.
name: Heymans, C.
name: Kannawadi, A.
name: Shan, H. Y.
name: Tröster, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a cosmic shear analysis with an improved redshift calibration for the fourth data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS-1000) using self-organising maps (SOMs). Compared to the previous analysis of the KiDS-1000 data, we expand the redshift calibration sample to more than twice its size, now consisting of data of 17 spectroscopic redshift campaigns, and significantly extending the fraction of KiDS galaxies we are able to calibrate with our SOM redshift methodology. We then enhance the calibration sample with precision photometric redshifts from COSMOS2015 and the Physics of the Accelerated Universe Survey (PAUS), allowing us to fill gaps in the spectroscopic coverage of the KiDS data. Finally we perform a Complete Orthogonal Sets of E/B-Integrals (COSEBIs) cosmic shear analysis of the newly calibrated KiDS sample. We find $S_8 = 0.748_{-0.025}^{+0.021}$, which is in good agreement with previous KiDS studies and increases the tension with measurements of the cosmic microwave background to 3.4σ. We repeat the redshift calibration with different subsets of the full calibration sample and obtain, in all cases, agreement within at most 0.5σ in $S_8$ compared to our fiducial analysis. Including additional photometric redshifts allows us to calibrate an additional 6 % of the source galaxy sample. Even though further systematic testing with simulated data is necessary to quantify the impact of redshift outliers, precision photometric redshifts can be beneficial at high redshifts and to mitigate selection effects commonly found in spectroscopically selected calibration samples.
description: 18 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables
The Stokes-Einstein-Sutherland equation at the nanoscale revisited
Creators: name: Baer, Andreas
name: Wawra, Simon E.
name: Bielmeier, Kristina
name: Uttinger, Maximilian J.
name: Smith, David M.
name: Peukert, Wolfgang
name: Walter, Johannes
name: Smith, Ana-Sunčana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Stokes-Einstein-Sutherland (SES) equation is at the foundation of statistical physics, relating a particle's diffusion coefficient and size with the fluid viscosity, temperature and the boundary condition for the particle-solvent interface. It is assumed that it relies on the separation of scales between the particle and the solvent, hence it is expected to break down for diffusive transport on the molecular scale. This assumption is however challenged by a number of experimental studies showing a remarkably small, if any, violation, while simulations systematically report the opposite. To understand these discrepancies, analytical ultracentrifugation experiments are combined with molecular simulations, both performed at unprecedented accuracies, to study the transport of buckminsterfullerene C60 in toluene at infinite dilution. This system is demonstrated to clearly violate the conditions of slow momentum relaxation. Yet, through a linear response to a constant force, the SES equation can be recovered in the long time limit with no more than 4% uncertainty both in experiments and in simulations. This nonetheless requires partial slip on the particle interface, extracted consistently from all the data. These results, thus, resolve a long-standing discussion on the validity and limits of the SES equation at the molecular scale.
description: The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in Zenodo at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8281244, reference number 8281244
Solidarity Appraisal: Development and testing
Creators: name: Kinsella, Elaine
name: Sumner, Rachel C
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Theory and Philosophy
subject: Community Psychology
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Health Psychology
subject: Other Psychology
subject: CV19 Heroes

description: This project has been established to develop and test the theory of Solidarity Appraisal - a concept derived from research with frontline workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Whilst the concept of solidarity appraisal has been developed through this work, we are keen to see how this may be related to other aspects of occupations and roles, and how this may account for burnout beyond existing models. The project has two current components: (i) theory development; and (ii) testing. The theory development component is initiated with a perspective piece submitted that describes the theory, its origins, and potential applications. The testing component will be broader work including scoping for the potential for meta-ethnography or use of qualitative secondary data, as well as empirical work. Alongside this, the concept of the Hero Contract will also be developed as a key component of supporting the Solidarity Appraisal concept, specifically within work that is often labelled heroic.
Hybrid cosmological attractors
Creators: name: Kallosh, Renata
name: Linde, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct $α$-attractor versions of hybrid inflation models. In these models, the potential of the inflaton field $φ$ is uplifted by the potential of the second field $χ$. This uplifting ends due to a tachyonic instability with respect to the field $χ$, which appears when $φ$ becomes smaller than some critical value $φ_{c}$. In the large $N$ limit, these models have the standard universal $α$-attractor predictions. In particular, $n_{s }= 1- {2 \over N}$ for the exponential attractors. However, in some special cases the large $N$ limit is reached only beyond the horizon, for $N \gtrsim 60$. This may change predictions for the cosmological observations. For any fixed $N$, in the limit of large uplift $V_{\rm up}$, or in the limit of large $φ_{c}$, we find another attractor prediction, $ n_s = 1$. By changing the parameters $V_{\rm up}$ and $φ_{c}$ one can continuously interpolate between the two attractor predictions $n_{s }= 1- {2 \over N}$ and $n_{s} = 1$. This provides significant flexibility, which can be very welcome in view of the rapidly growing amount and precision of the cosmological data. Our main result is not specific to the hybrid inflation models. Rather, it is generic to any inflationary models where the inflaton potential, for some reasons, is uplifted, and inflation ends prematurely.
description: 28 pages, 6 figures We expanded a discussion of the problem of topological defects, of its possible resolution, and of the implementation of this scenario in supergravity
On monogamy and polygamy relations of multipartite systems
Creators: name: Zhang, Xia
name: Jing, Naihuan
name: Liu, Ming
name: Ma, Haitao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the monogamy and polygamy relations related to quantum correlations for multipartite quantum systems in a unified manner. It is known that any bipartite measure obeys monogamy and polygamy relations for the $r$-power of the measure. We show in a uniformed manner that the generalized monogamy and polygamy relations are transitive to other powers of the measure in weighted forms. We demonstrate that our weighted monogamy and polygamy relations are stronger than recently available relations. Comparisons are given in detailed examples which show that our results are stronger in both situations.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
Improving the Specificity of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Diagnosis in High-Transmission Settings with a Two-Step Rapid Diagnostic Test and Microscopy Algorithm
Creators: name: Reyes, Raquel
name: Mulogo, Edgar
name: Matte, Michael
name: Boum, Yap
name: Murungi, Moses
name: Fulton, Travis
name: Boyce, Ross M.
name: Ntaro, Moses
name: Juliano, Jonathan J.
name: Nyehangane, Dan
name: Siedner, Mark J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: ABSTRACT Poor specificity may negatively impact rapid diagnostic test (RDT)-based diagnostic strategies for malaria. We performed real-time PCR on a subset of subjects who had undergone diagnostic testing with a multiple-antigen (histidine-rich protein 2 and pan -lactate dehydrogenase pLDH [HRP2/pLDH]) RDT and microscopy. We determined the sensitivity and specificity of the RDT in comparison to results of PCR for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. We developed and evaluated a two-step algorithm utilizing the multiple-antigen RDT to screen patients, followed by confirmatory microscopy for those individuals with HRP2-positive (HRP2 + )/pLDH-negative (pLDH − ) results. In total, dried blood spots (DBS) were collected from 276 individuals. There were 124 (44.9%) individuals with an HRP2 + /pLDH + result, 94 (34.1%) with an HRP2 + /pLDH − result, and 58 (21%) with a negative RDT result. The sensitivity and specificity of the RDT compared to results with real-time PCR were 99.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 95.9 to 100.0%) and 46.7% (95% CI, 37.7 to 55.9%), respectively. Of the 94 HRP2 + /pLDH − results, only 32 (34.0%) and 35 (37.2%) were positive by microscopy and PCR, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the two-step algorithm compared to results with real-time PCR were 95.5% (95% CI, 90.5 to 98.0%) and 91.0% (95% CI, 84.1 to 95.2), respectively. HRP2 antigen bands demonstrated poor specificity for the diagnosis of malaria compared to that of real-time PCR in a high-transmission setting. The most likely explanation for this finding is the persistence of HRP2 antigenemia following treatment of an acute infection. The two-step diagnostic algorithm utilizing microscopy as a confirmatory test for indeterminate HRP2 + /pLDH − results showed significantly improved specificity with little loss of sensitivity in a high-transmission setting.
Inhomogeneity within Local Interstellar Clouds
Creators: name: Linsky, Jeffrey L.
name: Redfield, Seth
name: Ryder, Diana
name: Chasan-Taber, Adina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analysis of interstellar absorption lines observed in high-resolution {\em HST} spectra of nearby stars provides temperatures, turbulent velocities, and kinetic properties of warm interstellar clouds. Previous studies identified 15 warm partially ionized clouds within about 10~pc of the Sun and measured their mean thermal and kinematic properties. A new analysis of 100 interstellar velocity components reveals a wide range of temperatures and turbulent velocities within the Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC) and other nearby clouds. These variations appear to be random with Gaussian distributions. We find no trends of these properties with stellar distance, angle from the Galactic Center, the main source of EUV radiation (the star $ε$~CMa), the center of the LIC, or the direction of inflowing interstellar matter into the heliosphere. The spatial scale for temperature variations in the LIC is likely smaller than 5,100~au, a distance that the Sun will traverse in 1,000 years. Essentially all velocity components align with known warm clouds. We find that within 4~pc of the Sun, space is completely filled with partially ionized clouds, but at larger distances space is only partially filled with partially ionized clouds, indicating that fully ionized inter-cloud gas fills the voids. We find that the neutral hydrogen number density in the LIC and likely other warm clouds in the CLIC is about 0.10~cm$^{-3}$ rather than the 0.20~cm$^{-3}$ density that may be representative of only the immediate environment of the LIC. The 3,000--12,000~K temperature range for the gas is consistent with the predictions of theoretical models of the WNM and WIM, but the high degree of inhomogeneity within clouds argues against simple theoretical models. Finally, we find evidence for a shock in the sight line to the star AD~Leo.
description: 24 pages, 14 figures, submitted to ApJ
Over-Parameterization Exponentially Slows Down Gradient Descent for Learning a Single Neuron
Creators: name: Xu, Weihang
name: Du, Simon S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We revisit the problem of learning a single neuron with ReLU activation under Gaussian input with square loss. We particularly focus on the over-parameterization setting where the student network has $n\ge 2$ neurons. We prove the global convergence of randomly initialized gradient descent with a $O\left(T^{-3}\right)$ rate. This is the first global convergence result for this problem beyond the exact-parameterization setting ($n=1$) in which the gradient descent enjoys an $\exp(-Ω(T))$ rate. Perhaps surprisingly, we further present an $Ω\left(T^{-3}\right)$ lower bound for randomly initialized gradient flow in the over-parameterization setting. These two bounds jointly give an exact characterization of the convergence rate and imply, for the first time, that over-parameterization can exponentially slow down the convergence rate. To prove the global convergence, we need to tackle the interactions among student neurons in the gradient descent dynamics, which are not present in the exact-parameterization case. We use a three-phase structure to analyze GD's dynamics. Along the way, we prove gradient descent automatically balances student neurons, and use this property to deal with the non-smoothness of the objective function. To prove the convergence rate lower bound, we construct a novel potential function that characterizes the pairwise distances between the student neurons (which cannot be done in the exact-parameterization case). We show this potential function converges slowly, which implies the slow convergence rate of the loss function.
description: 43 pages, LaTeX; typos corrected; references added;
First measurement of HI 21cm emission from a GRB host galaxy indicates a post-merger system
Creators: name: Arabsalmani, Maryam
name: Roychowdhury, Sambit
name: Zwaan, Martin
name: Kanekar, Nissim
name: Michałowski, Michał J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection and mapping of atomic hydrogen in HI 21cm emission from ESO 184-G82, the host galaxy of the gamma ray burst 980425. This is the first instance where HI in emission has been detected from a galaxy hosting a gamma ray burst. ESO 184-G82 is an isolated galaxy and contains a Wolf-Rayet region close to the location of the gamma ray burst and the associated supernova, SN 1998bw. This is one of the most luminous HII regions identified in the local Universe, with a very high inferred density of star formation. The HI 21cm observations reveal a high HI mass for the galaxy, twice as large as the stellar mass. The spatial and velocity distribution of the HI 21cm emission reveals a disturbed rotating gas disk, which suggests that the galaxy has undergone a recent minor merger that disrupted its rotation. We find that the Wolf-Rayet region and the gamma ray burst are both located in the highest HI column density region of the galaxy. We speculate that the merger event has resulted in shock compression of the gas, triggering extreme star formation activity, and resulting in the formation of both the Wolf-Rayet region and the gamma ray burst. The high HI column density environment of the GRB is consistent with the high HI column densities seen in absorption in the host galaxies of high redshift gamma ray bursts.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters. 5 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. For the definitive version visit http://mnrasl.oxfordjournals.org/
Massive quarks in NLO dipole factorization for DIS: Transverse photon
Creators: name: Beuf, G.
name: Lappi, T.
name: Paatelainen, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the light cone wave functions for the QCD Fock components in a transverse virtual photon necessary for applications at next-to-leading order in the QCD coupling, including quark masses. We present a detailed calculation of both the one loop wave function for the quark-antiquark Fock component and the tree level wave function for the quark-antiquark-gluon Fock component. The quark masses are renormalized in the pole mass scheme, satisfying constraints from the requirement of Lorentz invariance. In particular the quark Pauli form factor at NLO is recovered from the on-shell limit of the quark-antiquark Fock component. We use our result to calculate the next-to-leading order correction to the high energy deep inelastic scattering (DIS) transverse structure function on a dense target in the dipole factorization framework. Together with our earlier result for longitudinal photons, this completes the calculation of the total deep inelastic scattering cross section in the dipole picture with massive quarks at next-to-leading order, enabling a comparison with experimental data.
description: 58 pages, 8 figures
High Equivalent Width of Hα+[N II] Emission in z~8 Lyman-break Galaxies from IRAC 5.8μm Observations: Evidence for Efficient Lyman-continuum Photon production in the Epoch of Re-ionization
Creators: name: Stefanon, Mauro
name: Bouwens, Rychard J.
name: Illingworth, Garth D.
name: Labbé, Ivo
name: Oesch, Pascal A.
name: Gonzalez, Valentino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure, for the first time, the median equivalent width (EW) of H$α$+[N II] in star-forming galaxies at $z\sim8$. Our estimate leverages the unique photometric depth of the Spitzer/IRAC $5.8μ$m-band mosaics (probing $\approx 5500 - 7100$ A at $z\sim8$) of the GOODS Reionization Era Wide Area Treasury from Spitzer (GREATS) program. We median stacked the stamps of $102$ Lyman-break galaxies in the $3.6, 4.5, 5.8$ and $8.0μ$m bands, after carefully removing potential contamination from neighbouring sources. We infer an extreme rest-frame EW$_0$(H$α$+[N II])$=2328^{+1326}_{-1127}$ A from the measured red $[3.6]-[5.8]=0.82\pm0.27$ mag, consistent with young ($\lesssim10^7$ yr) average stellar population ages at $z\sim8$. This implies an ionizing photon production efficiency of $\log(ξ_{\mathrm{ion},0}/\mathrm{erg\ Hz}^{-1})=25.97^{+0.18}_{-0.28}$. Such a high value for photo production, similar to the highest values found at $z\lesssim4$, indicates that only modest escape fractions $f_\mathrm{esc}\lesssim0.3$ (at $2σ$) are sufficient for galaxies brighter than $M_\mathrm{UV}<-18$ mag to re-ionize the neutral Hydrogen at $z\sim8$. This requirement is relaxed even more to $f_\mathrm{esc}\le 0.1$ when considering galaxies brighter than $M_\mathrm{UV}\approx -13$ mag, consistent with recent luminosity functions and as typically assumed in studies addressing re-ionization. These exceptional results clearly indicate that galaxies can be the dominant source of reionizing photons, and provide us with an exciting glimpse into what we might soon learn about the early universe, and particularly about the Reionization Epoch, from forthcoming JWST/MIRI and NIRCam programs.
description: Submitted to ApJ. 12 pages, 5 figures (main) + appendix. Comments welcome
Mallat Scattering Transformation based surrogate for MagnetoHydroDynamics
Creators: name: Glinsky, Michael E.
name: Maupin, Kathryn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A Machine and Deep Learning methodology is developed and applied to give a high fidelity, fast surrogate for 2D resistive MHD simulations of MagLIF implosions. The resistive MHD code GORGON is used to generate an ensemble of implosions with different liner aspect ratios, initial gas preheat temperatures (that is, different adiabats), and different liner perturbations. The liner density and magnetic field as functions of $x$, $y$, and $t$ were generated. The Mallat Scattering Transformation (MST) is taken of the logarithm of both fields and a Principal Components Analysis is done on the logarithm of the MST of both fields. The fields are projected onto the PCA vectors and a small number of these PCA vector components are kept. Singular Value Decompositions of the cross correlation of the input parameters to the output logarithm of the MST of the fields, and of the cross correlation of the SVD vector components to the PCA vector components are done. This allows the identification of the PCA vectors vis-a-vis the input parameters. Finally, a Multi Layer Perceptron neural network with ReLU activation and a simple three layer encoder/decoder architecture is trained on this dataset to predict the PCA vector components of the fields as a function of time. Details of the implosion, stagnation, and the disassembly are well captured. Examination of the PCA vectors and a permutation importance analysis of the MLP show definitive evidence of an inverse turbulent cascade into a dipole emergent behavior. The orientation of the dipole is set by the initial liner perturbation. The analysis is repeated with a version of the MST which includes phase, called Wavelet Phase Harmonics (WPH). While WPH do not give the physical insight of the MST, they can and are inverted to give field configurations as a function of time, including field-to-field correlations.
description: 12 pages, 20 figures, 3 animations, accepted for publication in Computational Mechanics
Very High Energy Flat Spectral Radio Quasar Candidates
Creators: name: Malik, Zahoor
name: Sahayanathan, Sunder
name: Shah, Zahir
name: Iqbal, Naseer
name: Manzoor, Aaqib
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The attenuation of very high energy (VHE) photons by the extragalactic background light (EBL) prevents the observation of high redshift flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs). However, the correlation of VHE spectral index with source redshift suggests that EBL intensity may be less than what is predicted. This deviation can draw new constraints on opacity of the universe to VHE gamma-rays. Therefore, more FSRQs may fall above the sensitivity of the forthcoming VHE telescopes than the ones predicted by the existing EBL models. In order to account for the lower EBL intensity predicted by the index-redshift correlation, we introduce a redshift dependent correction factor to the opacity estimated from commonly used cosmological EBL model. Considering this modified opacity, we identify the plausible VHE FSRQ candidates by linearly extrapolating the \emph{Fermi} gamma-ray spectrum at 10 GeV to VHE regime. Our study suggests among 744 FSRQs reported in \emph{Fermi} fourth catalog-Data release 2 (4FGL-DR2), 32 FSRQs will be detectable by Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO). Since the FSRQS are proven to be highly variable, we assume a scenario where the average \emph{Fermi} gamma-ray flux increases by a factor of 10 and this predicts additional 90 FSRQs that can be detected by CTAO.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
The maximally entangled set of 4-qubit states
Creators: name: Spee, C.
name: de Vicente, J. I.
name: Kraus, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement is a resource to overcome the natural restriction of operations used for state manipulation to Local Operations assisted by Classical Communication (LOCC). Hence, a bipartite maximally entangled state is a state which can be transformed deterministically into any other state via LOCC. In the multipartite setting no such state exists. There, rather a whole set, the Maximally Entangled Set of states (MES), which we recently introduced, is required. This set has on the one hand the property that any state outside of this set can be obtained via LOCC from one of the states within the set and on the other hand, no state in the set can be obtained from any other state via LOCC. Recently, we studied LOCC transformations among pure multipartite states and derived the MES for 3- and generic 4-qubit states. Here, we consider the non-generic 4-qubit states and analyze their properties regarding local transformations. We prove that most SLOCC classes show a similar behavior as the generic states, however we also identify three classes with very distinct properties. The first consists of the GHZ and W class, where any state can be transformed into some other state non-trivially. In particular, there exists no isolation. On the other hand, there also exist classes where all states are isolated. Last but not least we identify an additional class of states, whose transformation properties differ drastically from all the other classes. Our investigations do not only identify the most relevant classes of states for LOCC entanglement manipulation, but also reveal new insight into the similarities and differences between separable and LOCC transformations and enable the investigation of LOCC transformations among arbitrary four qubit states.
description: 68 pages (including appendix), minor changes
Active Surveillance for the Management of Localized Prostate Cancer (Cancer Care Ontario Guideline): American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Endorsement
Creators: name: Tan, Winston
name: Ehdaie, Behfar
name: Finelli, Antonio
name: Andrew Loblaw,
name: Jain, Suneil
name: Chen, Ronald C.
name: Morgan, Scott C.
name: Cooperberg, Matthew R.
name: Tyldesley, Scott
name: Haluschak, John J.
name: Justman, Stewart
name: Bryan Rumble,
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: PURPOSE: To endorse Cancer Care Ontario's guideline on Active Surveillance for the Management of Localized Prostate Cancer. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has a policy and set of procedures for endorsing clinical practice guidelines developed by other professional organizations.

METHODS: The Active Surveillance for the Management of Localized Prostate Cancer guideline was reviewed for developmental rigor by methodologists. The ASCO Endorsement Panel then reviewed the content and the recommendations.

RESULTS: The ASCO Endorsement Panel determined that the recommendations from the Active Surveillance for the Management of Localized Prostate Cancer guideline, published in May 2015, are clear, thorough, and based upon the most relevant scientific evidence. ASCO endorsed the Active Surveillance for the Management of Localized Prostate Cancer guideline with added qualifying statements. The Cancer Care Ontario recommendation regarding 5-alpha reductase inhibitors was not endorsed by the ASCO panel.

RECOMMENDATIONS: For most patients with low-risk (Gleason score ≤ 6) localized prostate cancer, active surveillance is the recommended disease management strategy. Factors including younger age, prostate cancer volume, patient preference, and ethnicity should be taken into account when making management decisions. Select patients with low-volume, intermediate-risk (Gleason 3 + 4 = 7) prostate cancer may be offered active surveillance. Active surveillance protocols should include prostate-specific antigen testing, digital rectal examinations, and serial prostate biopsies. Ancillary radiologic and genomic tests are investigational but may have a role in patients with discordant clinical and/or pathologic findings. Patients who are reclassified to a higher-risk category (Gleason score ≥ 7) or who have significant increases in tumor volume on subsequent biopsies should be offered active therapy.
Higher Weak (Co)Limits, Adjoint Functor Theorems, and Higher Brown Representability
Creators: name: Nguyen, Hoang Kim
name: Raptis, George
name: Schrade, Christoph
Publisher: name: Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung
Year: 2022

description: We prove general adjoint functor theorems for weakly (co)complete $n$-categories. This class of $n$-categories includes the homotopy $n$-categories of (co)complete $\infty$-categories, so these $n$-categories do not admit all small (co)limits in general. We also introduce Brown representability for (homotopy) $n$-categories and prove a Brown representability theorem for localizations of compactly generated $n$-categories. This class of $n$-categories includes the homotopy $n$-categories of presentable $\infty$-categories if $n \geq 2$, and the homotopy $n$-categories of presentable stable $\infty$-categories for any $n \geq 1$.
description: DOCUMENTA MATHEMATICA, Vol 27 (2022), p. 1369-1420
Additional file 1 of Sports activity participation and subjective health status of patients after total hip arthroplasty via the anterolateral-supine approach: a case series study
Creators: name: Takahashi, Yoshiki
name: Takahira, Naonobu
name: Uchiyama, Katsufumi
name: Fukushima, Kensuke
name: Moriya, Mitsutoshi
name: Shibuya, Manaka
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
The response of dark matter haloes to elliptical galaxy formation: a new test for quenching scenarios
Creators: name: Dutton, Aaron A.
name: Macciò, Andrea V.
name: Stinson, Gregory S.
name: Gutcke, Thales A.
name: Penzo, Camilla
name: Buck, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use cosmological hydrodynamical zoom-in simulations with the SPH code gasoline of four haloes of mass M_{200} \sim 10^{13}\Msun to study the response of the dark matter to elliptical galaxy formation. Our simulations include metallicity dependent gas cooling, star formation, and feedback from massive stars and supernovae, but not active galactic nuclei (AGN). At z=2 the progenitor galaxies have stellar to halo mass ratios consistent with halo abundance matching, assuming a Salpeter initial mass function. However by z=0 the standard runs suffer from the well known overcooling problem, overpredicting the stellar masses by a factor of > 4. To mimic a suppressive halo quenching scenario, in our forced quenching (FQ) simulations, cooling and star formation are switched off at z=2. The resulting z=0 galaxies have stellar masses, sizes and circular velocities close to what is observed. Relative to the control simulations, the dark matter haloes in the FQ simulations have contracted, with central dark matter density slopes d\logρ/d\log r \sim -1.5, showing that dry merging alone is unable to fully reverse the contraction that occurs at z>2. Simulations in the literature with AGN feedback however, have found expansion or no net change in the dark matter halo. Thus the response of the dark matter halo to galaxy formation may provide a new test to distinguish between ejective and suppressive quenching mechanisms.
description: 21 pages, 18 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Additional file 1 of An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experience of couples’ recovery from the psychological symptoms of trauma following traumatic childbirth
Creators: name: Attard, Rosie
name: Iles, Jane
name: Bristow, Florence
name: Satherley, Rose-Marie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
The design and flight performance of the PoGOLite Pathfinder balloon-borne hard X-ray polarimeter
Creators: name: Chauvin, M.
name: Florén, H. -G.
name: Jackson, M.
name: Kamae, T.
name: Kawano, T.
name: Kiss, M.
name: Kole, M.
name: Mikhalev, V.
name: Moretti, E.
name: Olofsson, G.
name: Rydström, S.
name: Takahashi, H.
name: Lind, J.
name: Strömberg, J. -E.
name: Welin, O.
name: Iyudin, A.
name: Shifrin, D.
name: Pearce, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the 50 years since the advent of X-ray astronomy there have been many scientific advances due to the development of new experimental techniques for detecting and characterising X-rays. Observations of X-ray polarisation have, however, not undergone a similar development. This is a shortcoming since a plethora of open questions related to the nature of X-ray sources could be resolved through measurements of the linear polarisation of emitted X-rays. The PoGOLite Pathfinder is a balloon-borne hard X-ray polarimeter operating in the 25 - 240 keV energy band from a stabilised observation platform. Polarisation is determined using coincident energy deposits in a segmented array of plastic scintillators surrounded by a BGO anticoincidence system and a polyethylene neutron shield. The PoGOLite Pathfinder was launched from the SSC Esrange Space Centre in July 2013. A near-circumpolar flight was achieved with a duration of approximately two weeks. The flight performance of the Pathfinder design is discussed for the three Crab observations conducted. The signal-to-background ratio for the observations is shown to be 0.25$\pm$0.03 and the Minimum Detectable Polarisation (99% C.L.) is (28.4$\pm$2.2)%. A strategy for the continuation of the PoGOLite programme is outlined based on experience gained during the 2013 maiden flight.
description: Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy. 26 pages, 20 figures