Gypogyna mexicana Ruiz & Costa & Bustamante 2021, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Ruiz, Gustavo R. S.
name: Costa, Erika L. S.
name: Bustamante, Abel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Gypogyna
Gypogyna mexicana

description: Gypogyna mexicana Ruiz & Bustamante, sp. nov.
Figs 44, 47–50, 52–62, 64
Type material. Holotype: ♂ from Estero el Salado, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico, 20.662 to 20.667°N, 105.240 to 105.241°W, 2014, W.P. Maddison (WPM#14-002, JAL14-8565), deposited in UBC-SEM. Paratype: 1 ♀ from Chachalaca Trail, Estación de Biología Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico, 19.4966°N, 105.0404 to 105.0426°W, 2014, W.P. Maddison (WPM#14-017, JAL14-9187), deposited in UBC-SEM.
Etymology. The epithet is to be treated as a Latin adjective and refers to the country where specimens listed herein were collected.
Additional material examined. MEXICO: Jalisco (Estación de Biología Chamela, Viveros, 19.499°N, 105.043°W): 1 ♀, 28.II–1.III.2014, W.P. Maddison (WPM#14-042, UBC-SEM); (Chamela, Xametla, beach and mangroves, 19.5376°N, 105.0815°W): 1 ♂ and 1 ♀, 22–27.II.2014, H. Proctor & W.P. Maddison (WPM#14-037, UBC-SEM); (Puerto Vallarta, Estero el Salado, 20.662 to 20.667°N, 105.240 to 105.241°W): 1 ♂, 5.II.2014, Maddison, Proctor, Navarro & Cupul (WPM#14-002, UBC-SEM).
Diagnosis. Among the three species, G. mexicana sp. nov. can be immediately recognized by having three pairs of dark spots on the dorsum of abdomen (the anterior pair is fused with the oblique anterior dark lines in males) (Figs 53–56), while the two anterior pairs of dark spots are always absent in G. forceps and G. amazonica sp. nov. Also, male chelicerae of G. mexicana sp. nov. are divergent (almost parallelly extended forward in G. forceps and G. amazonica sp. nov.), with the distal pair of promarginal teeth (DPT) being located close to the remaining cheliceral teeth (Fig. 52), while this pair is placed near the articulation of the fang in the other two species (Fig. 51). In comparison with G. forceps, the membranous window of the epigynal plate is narrower (Fig. 44) and copulatory ducts are more compact in G. mexicana; spermathecae are tubular in G. mexicana (Fig. 50), but more rounded in G. forceps (Figs 39, 43) (the female of G. amazonica is unknown).
Description. Male (holotype). Total length: 3.25. Carapace orange, 1.53 long, 1.12 wide, 0.81 high; intestinal diverticula can be seen within cephalic area through translucent cuticle; area around anterior median eyes is reddish in live specimens (Figs 53–54); faded dark lines extend from posterior eyes and converge to posterior border (Fig. 57). Ocular quadrangle 0.66 long. Anterior eye row 0.92 wide and posterior 0.89 wide. Labium, endites and sternum clear (Fig. 59). Palp as described for the genus (Figs 47–48), with parallel cymbial borders. Chelicera orange, divergent (Fig. 53); the cheliceral promargin has three teeth, all gathered proximally; of the three, the most distal (DPT) is larger than the other two (sPT) (Fig. 52); the retromargin has a small tooth proximally, and a rounded distal apophysis (RDA) near the articulation of the fang; the fang is sinuous and bears a ventral bump proximally (fvb in Fig. 52) (see also discussion below). Legs 1234, yellow. Length: I 2.73 (0.69 + 1.19 + 0.85), II 2.38 (0.73 + 0.91 + 0.74), III 2.20 (0.68 + 0.81 + 0.71), IV 2.15 (0.66 + 0.94 + 0.55). Abdomen clear, anteriorly with an oblique dorsal pair of longitudinal dark lines (these are fused with the first pair of dark spots seen in the female), followed by two pairs of dark spots and a small dark spot over the anal tubercle. There are three pairs of tufts of white setae, one anterior and two others between the second and third pairs of dorsal dark spots (Figs 53, 57); laterally with a thin dark brown line (Fig. 58); ventrally clear (Fig. 59). Anterior spinnerets brown, posterior clear.
Female (paratype). Total length: 3.68. Carapace as in male, but lighter and with a median longitudinal stripe of white setae (Figs 55–56) and pair of stripes of white setae laterally; 1.42 long, 1.04 wide, 0.49 high (Fig. 60). Ocular quadrangle 0.67 long. Anterior eye row 0.89 wide and posterior 0.87 wide. Clypeus densely covered with white setae (Fig. 56). Labium, endites and sternum clear (Fig. 62). Chelicera yellow. Legs 4312, yellow. Length: I 2.11 (0.67 + 0.87 + 0.57), II 2.03 (0.66 + 0.70 + 0.67), III 2.02 (0.59 + 0.70 + 0.73), IV 2.25 (0.67 + 0.80 + 0.78). Abdomen clear with three pairs of dark brown spots dorsally, and a small dark spot over the anal tubercle; white setae form a median longitudinal stripe and a pair of lateral stripes (Figs 55–56, 60–61); laterally with faded brown line (Fig. 61); ventrally clear (Fig. 62). Epigyne as described for the genus, mostly poorly sclerotized and hard to visualize (inconspicuous copulatory openings on membranous area—only seen in great magnification; inconspicuous glandular portions) (Figs 44, 49–50). Spinnerets clear.
Distribution. Known only from the state of Jalisco, Mexico (Fig. 64).
Note. This species was treated as “ Gypogyna sp. [JAL14-8565]” in Ruiz & Maddison (2015).
description: Published as part of Ruiz, Gustavo R. S., Costa, Erika L. S. & Bustamante, Abel A., 2021, Revision of Gypogyna Simon, 1900 (Araneae: Salticidae), pp. 241-259 in Zootaxa 5057 (2) on pages 252-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5057.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5588132