cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Understanding and mimicking the dual optimality of the fly ear
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Algorithms
Animals
Biophysical Phenomena
Biosensing Techniques
Diptera
Ear
Models, Biological
Sound Localization

description: The fly Ormia ochracea has the remarkable ability, given an eardrum separation of only 520μm, to pinpoint the 5kHz chirp of its cricket host. Previous research showed that the two eardrums are mechanically coupled, which amplifies the directional cues. We have now performed a mechanics and optimization analysis which reveals that the right coupling strength is key: it results in simultaneously optimized directional sensitivity and directional cue linearity at 5kHz. We next demonstrated that this dual optimality is replicable in a synthetic device and can be tailored for a desired frequency. Finally, we demonstrated a miniature sensor endowed with this dual-optimality at 8kHz with unparalleled sound localization. This work provides a quantitative and mechanistic explanation for the fly's sound-localization ability from a new perspective, and it provides a framework for the development of fly-ear inspired sensors to overcoming a previously-insurmountable size constraint in engineered sound-localization systems.
Overgroups of subsystem subgroups in exceptional groups: nonideal levels
Creators: name: Gvozdevsky, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20G35 (Primary) 20G41 (Secondary)

description: In the present paper, we practicaly complete the solution of the problem on the description of overgroups of the subsystem subgroup $E(Δ,R)$ in the Chevalley group $G(Φ,R)$ over the ring $R$, where $Φ$ is a simply laced root system, and $Δ$ is its large enough subsystem. Namely we define objects called levels, and show that for any such an overgroup $H$ there exists a unique level $σ$ such that $E(σ)\le H\le \mathrm{Stab}_{G(Φ,R)}(L_{\max}(σ))$, where $E(σ)$ is an elementary subgroup defined by the level $σ$, and $L_{\max}(σ)$ is the corresponding Lie subalgebra in the Chevalley algebra. Unlike all the previous papers, now levels can be more complicated objects that the nets of ideals.
description: 33 pages, no figures, to appear in St.Petersburg Math Journal
title: Lo que el radiólogo debe conocer sobre los estudios de inercia colónica
Creators: name: Tapia Guerrero, Ana
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Abdomen

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
Describir cómo se llevan a cabo los estudios de inercia colónica en nuestro hospital,
así como mostrar los hallazgos que con mayor frecuencia se encuentran en los...
Size-Energy Relationships in Ecological Communities
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Animals
Biota
Birds
Body Size
Chiroptera
Energy Metabolism
Feeding Behavior
Ficus
Fruit
Lemur
Madagascar
Models, Biological
Population Density
Species Specificity
Time Factors
Trees

description: Hypotheses that relate body size to energy use are of particular interest in community ecology and macroecology because of their potential to facilitate quantitative predictions about species interactions and to clarify complex ecological patterns. One prominent size-energy hypothesis, the energetic equivalence hypothesis, proposes that energy use from shared, limiting resources by populations or size classes of foragers will be independent of body size. Alternative hypotheses propose that energy use will increase with body size, decrease with body size, or peak at an intermediate body size. Despite extensive study, however, size-energy hypotheses remain controversial, due to a lack of directly-measured data on energy use, a tendency to confound distinct scaling relationships, and insufficient attention to the ecological contexts in which predicted relationships are likely to occur. Our goal, therefore, was to directly evaluate size-energy hypotheses while clarifying how results would differ with alternate methods and assumptions. We comprehensively tested size-energy hypotheses in a vertebrate frugivore guild in a tropical forest in Madagascar. Our test of size-energy hypotheses, which is the first to examine energy intake directly, was consistent with the energetic equivalence hypothesis. This finding corresponds with predictions of metabolic theory and models of energy distribution in ecological communities, which imply that body size does not confer an advantage in competition for energy among populations or size classes of foragers. This result was robust to different assumptions about energy regulation. Our results from direct energy measurement, however, contrasted with those obtained with conventional methods of indirect inference from size-density relationships, suggesting that size-density relationships do not provide an appropriate proxy for size-energy relationships as has commonly been assumed. Our research also provides insights into mechanisms underlying local size-energy relationships and has important implications for predicting species interactions and for understanding the structure and dynamics of ecological communities. © 2013 Sewall et al.
NEUTRON FLOW CONTROL IN NUCLEAR REACTORS
Creators: name: Doctoral student of Tashkent State Technical University  Yuldoshev Zukhriddin Nabi ogli
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The article covers important information about nuclear reactors and its special features. On the other hand historical background of nuclear reactors and main components of reactors were given.

Key words: low-carbon electricity, moderator, deuterium atoms, control rods, Coolant, Pressure vessel, pressure tubes.
Observations with KIDs Interferometer Spectrum Survey(KISS)
Creators: name: Fasano, A.
name: Catalano, A.
name: Macías-Pérez, J. F.
name: Aguiar, M.
name: Beelen, A.
name: Benoit, A.
name: Bideaud, A.
name: Bounmy, J.
name: Bourrion, O.
name: Bres, G.
name: Calvo, M.
name: Castro-Almazán, J. A.
name: de Bernardis, P.
name: De Petris, M.
name: de Taoro, A. P.
name: Fernández-Torreiro, M.
name: Garde, G.
name: Génova-Santos, R.
name: Gomez, A.
name: Gómez-Renasco, M. F.
name: Goupy, J.
name: Hoarau, C.
name: Hoyland, R.
name: Lagache, G.
name: Marpaud, J.
name: Marton, M.
name: Monfardini, A.
name: Peel, M. W.
name: Pisano, G.
name: Ponthieu, N.
name: Rebolo, R.
name: Roudier, S.
name: Rubiño-Martín, J. A.
name: Tourres, D.
name: Tucker, C.
name: Vescovi, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the preliminary on-sky results of the KIDs Interferometer Spectrum Survey (KISS), a spectral imager with a 1 deg field of view (FoV). The instrument operates in the range 120-180 GHz from the 2.25 m Q-U-I JOint TEnerife telescope in Teide Observatory (Tenerife, Canary Islands), at 2 395 m altitude above sea level. Spectra at low resolution, up to 1.45 GHz, are obtained using a fast (3.72 Hz mechanical frequency) Fourier transform spectrometer, coupled to a continuous dilution cryostat with a stabilized temperature of 170 mK that hosts two 316-pixel arrays of lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors. KISS generates more than 3 000 spectra per second during observations and represents a pathfinder to demonstrate the potential for spectral mapping with large FoV. We give an overall description of the spectral mapping paradigm and we present recent results from observations, in this paper.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the International Conference entitled "mm Universe @ NIKA2", Rome (Italy), June 2021, EPJ Web of conferences
Additional file 6 of Dysregulated follicular regulatory T cells and antibody responses exacerbate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Creators: name: Luo, Lin
name: Hu, Xianzhen
name: Dixon, Michael L.
name: Pope, Brandon J.
name: Leavenworth, Jonathan D.
name: Raman, Chander
name: Meador, William R.
name: Leavenworth, Jianmei W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 6 Analysis of TFH and B cells in the spleens and spinal cords of EAE mice. A-B) Flow cytometry (A) and frequencies (B) of intracellular IL-4 expression in non-TFH (PD-1−Bcl6−FoxP3−CD4+CD3+), TFH (PD-1+Bcl6+FoxP3−CD4+CD3+) and TFR cells (PD-1+Bcl6+FoxP3+CD4+CD3+) from spleen (SP) and spinal cord (SC) of EAE mice, as in Fig. 1a. C-D) Expression (C) and quantitation of MFI of each molecule in TFH cells or frequencies of IFNγ+ TFH cells (D) from mice in A. E-F) Frequencies of IL-17A+ (E) and GM-CSF+ (F) TFH cells from mice in A. G) Histogram overlays of intracellular CXCL13 in TFH or splenic non-TFH cells from mice in A. Right, MFI of CXCL13. H) Histogram overlays of CD86 or CXCR4 in GC B-cells (GL-7+Fas+IgD−CD19+) from mice in A. Right, MFI of CD86. I) Flow cytometry of intracellular IgE expression in IgD−CD19+ B cells (left) and frequencies of IgE+IgD−CD19+ B-cells (right) from mice in A. WT: FoxP3YFP-Cre; KO: Prdm1fl/flFoxP3YFP-Cre. In A-I, n = 4/group, except n = 4-5/group in D. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 (unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test). Bars, mean ± SEM.
Back-translation for discovering distant protein homologies
Creators: name: Gîrdea, Marta L.
name: Noé, Laurent
name: Kucherov, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Frameshift mutations in protein-coding DNA sequences produce a drastic change in the resulting protein sequence, which prevents classic protein alignment methods from revealing the proteins' common origin. Moreover, when a large number of substitutions are additionally involved in the divergence, the homology detection becomes difficult even at the DNA level. To cope with this situation, we propose a novel method to infer distant homology relations of two proteins, that accounts for frameshift and point mutations that may have affected the coding sequences. We design a dynamic programming alignment algorithm over memory-efficient graph representations of the complete set of putative DNA sequences of each protein, with the goal of determining the two putative DNA sequences which have the best scoring alignment under a powerful scoring system designed to reflect the most probable evolutionary process. This allows us to uncover evolutionary information that is not captured by traditional alignment methods, which is confirmed by biologically significant examples.
description: The 9th International Workshop in Algorithms in Bioinformatics (WABI), Philadelphia : \'Etats-Unis d'Am\'erique (2009)
How musical engagement promotes well-being in education contexts: The case of a young man with profound and multiple disabilities
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Students
vulnerable students
well-being
intellectual disability disorder
multiple disabilities
musical relationships
paradigmatic case study
video analysis
multiple perspectives

description: Students with profound intellectual disabilities disorders (IDDs) have the right to participate in educational opportunities that recognize their unique resources and needs, as do all children. Because of their specific communication challenges, positive relationships with attentive communication partners are critical for success. In fact, the power of positive relationships in schools is recognized to be connected to student well-being more broadly. This article examines the case of one young man with profound IDD and his relationship with his music therapist using a duo-ethnographic informed paradigmatic case study. Video analysis based on multi-voice perspectives is used to generate hermeneutic phenomenological findings to closely examine the relationship between a young man with profound IDD and a music therapist. The voices of four allied health researchers were also gathered to inform the authors' construction of an informed commentary on the phenomenon. The results suggest that the essence lay in a combination of attentive, responsive and creative being with the other person over time. Four principles of musical engagement were identified in the video footage as critical to the meaningful relationships through music: the music therapist listens; the music therapist takes responsibility for structure; spontaneous initiation is sought from the young person; and the relationship is built over time. These concepts are contextualized within a discussion of student well-being that is underpinned by positive relationships and leads to students achieving their full potential within diverse school contexts. © 2013 K. S. McFerran &H. Shoemark.
title: Coaliciones Tarsales: Fisiopatología, Diagnóstico radiológico y manejo terapéutico.
Creators: name: Rozas Rodríguez, María Librada
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Extremities

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
Describir los hallazgos y signos radiológicos diagnósticos de esta patología,
que podemos identificar mediante radiografía simple,
TC y RM. Definir las alteraciones fisiopatológicas y biomecánicas secundarias,
que son el origen de las...
Magneto-transport evidence for strong topological insulator phase in ZrTe5
Creators: name: Wang, Jingyue
name: Jiang, Yuxuan
name: Zhao, Tianhao
name: Dun, Zhiling
name: Miettinen, Anna L.
name: Wu, Xiaosong
name: Mourigal, Martin
name: Zhou, Haidong
name: Pan, Wei
name: Smirnov, Dmitry
name: Jiang, Zhigang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The identification of a non-trivial band topology usually relies on directly probing the protected surface/edge states. But, it is difficult to achieve electronically in narrow-gap topological materials due to the small (meV) energy scales. Here, we demonstrate that band inversion, a crucial ingredient of the non-trivial band topology, can serve as an alternative, experimentally accessible indicator. We show that an inverted band can lead to a four-fold splitting of the non-zero Landau levels, contrasting the two-fold splitting (spin splitting only) in the normal band. We confirm our predictions in magneto-transport experiments on a narrow-gap strong topological insulator, zirconium pentatelluride (ZrTe$_5$), with the observation of additional splittings in the quantum oscillations and also an anomalous peak in the extreme quantum limit. Our work establishes an effective strategy for identifying the band inversion as well as the associated topological phases for future topological materials research.
A test for normality and independence based on characteristic function
Creators: name: Ejsmont, Wiktor
name: Milošević, Bojana
name: Obradović, Marko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62H15, 62E10

description: In this article we prove a generalization of the Ejsmont characterization of the multivariate normal distribution. Based on it, we propose a new test for independence and normality. The test uses an integral of the squared modulus of the difference between the product of empirical characteristic functions and some constant. Special attention is given to the case of testing univariate normality in which we derive the test statistic explicitly in terms of Bessel function, and the case of testing bivariate normality and independence. The tests show quality performance in comparison to some popular powerful competitors.
Leveraged leasing of railway rolling stock in Canada : a comparative analysis of the equipment leases signed by Canadian Pacific and Canadian National Railways between 1969 and 1974
Creators: name: Norman, Terrance James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Leveraged leasing of equipment has become the lowest cost and most readily available source of external funds for transportation companies in North America. This study examines the experience of the principal Canadian railroads with leveraged leasing of rolling-stock. It also examines some recent changes In Canadian government regulations which will significantly affect the future of leveraged leasing in Canada. It is essential to begin with a basic understanding of railway equipment financing. Chapter 2 reviews the background of equipment financing by North American railroads and the types of equipment obiigat ions that have evolved over the years. Chapters 3 and 4 explain how leveraged leasing works and survey the theoretical models that are available ifin financial literature for analyzing the lease-or-buy decision. It is then possible to apply the theory to empirical data. The financial leases signed by Canadian Pacific and Canadian National Railways between 1969 and 1974 are examined to assess their economic merits. Application of two of the most recent theoretical models to the leases signed by CN and CP confirmed that the railways' decisions to lease were correct. However there were significant differences in the ways the lease were analyzed. CN Is a Crown corporation and ft does not pay federal Income tax. It achieves lower financing costs by "selling" the tax shield (principally depreciation which can be deducted from taxable income)which is normally derived from ownership of an asset to a lessor in return for a lower lease rate. On the other hand, CP can use the tax shield but it ts restricted to a depreciation rate of 6% on declining balance annua11y for tax purposes. It achieves lower financing costs by "selling" the tax shield to a lessor which can depreciate the same asset at 20£ on declining balance in Canada or at accelerated depreciation rates coupled with the investment tax credit in the United States. The overall benefits to CN from leasing are comparable to the benefits to CP but they are much more apparent in a before-tax calculation. Analysis of the CP lease-or-buy decision is complicated by incorporattimg the tax shield into an after-tax calculation. The lowest cost external source of capital for both CN and CP was found to be leveraged leasing using U.S. financial sources for equipment to be used in international service between Canada and the United States. The next best alternative is leveraged leasing usiimg Canadian financial sources.
Isotope shifts of the (3s3p)$^3$P$_{0,1,2}$ - (3s4s)$^3$S$_1$ Mg I transitions
Creators: name: He, Ming
name: Therkildsen, Kasper T.
name: Jensen, Brian B.
name: Brusch, Anders
name: Thomsen, Jan W.
name: Porsev, Sergey G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurements of the isotope shifts of the (3s3p)$^3$P$_{0,1,2}$ - (3s4s)$^3$S$_1$ Mg I transitions for the stable isotopes $^{24}$Mg (I=0), $^{25}$Mg (I=5/2) and $^{26}$Mg (I=0). Furthermore the $^{25}$Mg $^3$S$_1$ hyperfine coefficient A($^3$S$_1$) = (-321.6 $\pm$ 1.5) MHz is extracted and found to be in excellent agreement with state-of-the-art theoretical predictions giving A($^3$S$_1$) = -325 MHz and B($^3$S$_1$) $\simeq 10^{-5}$ MHz. Compared to previous measurements, the data presented in this work is improved up to a factor of ten.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures submitted to PRA
La democrazia deliberativa negli Stati Uniti: teoria e prassi
Creators: name: Perez Zafrilla, Pedro Jesus <1981>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SPS/02 Storia delle dottrine politiche

description: This dissertation aims to analyse the development of the deliberative model of democracy in the U.S., both in an empirical and theoretical levels, from its origins in the eighties of the last century until now.
   In the first part we study the political and historical elements that build the crisis of the Liberal political system in the seventies in the U.S. and its effects on the political behaviour of citizens. 
   In the second part we discuss the origins and development of the deliberative theory of democracy, its main authors, approaches and elements. The key aspect of this model of democracy is to reverse the apathy and strength the political participation of citizens through public deliberation.
   In the last part we expose the practical level of the deliberative democracy: how this theory of has been put into practice in the American political domain. We describe the main projects of deliberative democracy rose from civil society from the eighties until today. Finally, we expose the James Fishkin’s proposal of deliberative poll. This is the link between the empirical and theoretical levels of the deliberative model of democracy.
Strong ensemble nonequivalence in systems with local constraints
Creators: name: Zhang, Qi
name: Garlaschelli, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The asymptotic equivalence of canonical and microcanonical ensembles is a central concept in statistical physics, with important consequences for both theoretical research and practical applications. However, this property breaks down under certain circumstances. The most studied violation of ensemble equivalence requires phase transitions, in which case it has a `restricted' (i.e. confined to a certain region in parameter space) but `strong' (i.e. characterized by a difference between the entropies of the two ensembles that is of the same order as the entropies themselves) form. However, recent research on networks has shown that the presence of an extensive number of local constraints can lead to ensemble nonequivalence even in the absence of phase transitions. This occurs in a `weak' (i.e. leading to a subleading entropy difference) but remarkably `unrestricted' (i.e. valid in the entire parameter space) form. Here we look for more general manifestations of ensemble nonequivalence in arbitrary ensembles of matrices with given margins. These models have widespread applications in the study of spatially heterogeneous and/or temporally nonstationary systems, with consequences for the analysis of multivariate financial and neural time-series, multi-platform social activity, gene expression profiles and other Big Data. We confirm that ensemble nonequivalence appears in `unrestricted' form throughout the entire parameter space due to the extensivity of local constraints. Surprisingly, at the same time it can also exhibit the `strong' form. This novel, simultaneously `strong and unrestricted' form of nonequivalence is very robust and imposes a principled choice of the ensemble. We calculate the proper mathematical quantities to be used in real-world applications.
A Survey on Non-Geostationary Satellite Systems: The Communication Perspective
Creators: name: Al-Hraishawi, Hayder
name: Chougrani, Houcine
name: Kisseleff, Steven
name: Lagunas, Eva
name: Chatzinotas, Symeon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The next phase of satellite technology is being characterized by a new evolution in non-geostationary orbit (NGSO) satellites, which conveys exciting new communication capabilities to provide non-terrestrial connectivity solutions and to support a wide range of digital technologies from various industries. NGSO communication systems are known for a number of key features such as lower propagation delay, smaller size, and lower signal losses in comparison to the conventional geostationary orbit (GSO) satellites, which can potentially enable latency-critical applications to be provided through satellites. NGSO promises a substantial boost in communication speed and energy efficiency, and thus, tackling the main inhibiting factors of commercializing GSO satellites for broader utilization. The promised improvements of NGSO systems have motivated this paper to provide a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art NGSO research focusing on the communication prospects, including physical layer and radio access technologies along with the networking aspects and the overall system features and architectures. Beyond this, there are still many NGSO deployment challenges to be addressed to ensure seamless integration not only with GSO systems but also with terrestrial networks. These unprecedented challenges are also discussed in this paper, including coexistence with GSO systems in terms of spectrum access and regulatory issues, satellite constellation and architecture designs, resource management problems, and user equipment requirements. Finally, we outline a set of innovative research directions and new opportunities for future NGSO research.
Video transmission over wireless channel
Creators: name: Soloperto, Raffaele <1981>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: ING-INF/03 Telecomunicazioni

description: This work has been realized by the author in his PhD course in Electrical, Computer Science and Telecommunication at the University of Bologna, Faculty of Engineering, Italy. All the documentation here reported is a summary of years of work, under the supervision of Prof. Oreste Andrisano, coordinator of Wireless Communication Laboratory - WiLab, in Bologna. The subject of this thesis is the transmission of video in a context of heterogeneous network, and in particular, using a wireless channel.
All the instrumentation that has been used for the characterization of the telecommunication systems belongs to CNR (National Research Council), CNIT (Italian Inter-
University Center), and DEIS (Dept. of Electrical, Computer Science, and Systems).
From November 2009 to July 2010, the author spent his time abroad, working in collaboration with DLR - German Aerospace Center in Munich, Germany, on channel
coding area, developing a general purpose decoder machine to decode a huge family of iterative codes.
A patent concerning Doubly Generalized-Low Density Parity Check codes has been produced by the author as well as some important scientic papers, published on
IEEE journals and conferences.
State-of the art methodologies dictate new standards for phylogenetic analysis
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Classification
Genetics, Population
Phylogeny
Sequence Analysis

description: The intention of this editorial is to steer researchers through methodological choices in molecular evolution, drawing on the combined expertise of the authors. Our aim is not to review the most advanced methods for a specific task. Rather, we define several general guidelines to help with methodology choices at different stages of a typical phylogenetic 'pipeline'. We are not able to provide exhaustive citation of a literature that is vast and plentiful, but we point the reader to a set of classical textbooks that reflect the state-of-the-art. We do not wish to appear overly critical of outdated methodology but rather provide some practical guidance on the sort of issues which should be considered. We stress that a reported study should be well-motivated and evaluate a specific hypothesis or scientific question. However, a publishable study should not be merely a compilation of available sequences for a protein family of interest followed by some standard analyses, unless it specifically addresses a scientific hypothesis or question. The rapid pace at which sequence data accumulate quickly outdates such publications. Although clearly, discoveries stemming from data mining, reports of new tools and databases and review papers are also desirable. © 2013 Anisimova et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Quantum information: primitive notions and quantum correlations
Creators: name: Scarani, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This series of introductory lectures consists of two parts. In the first part, I rapidly review the basic notions of quantum physics and many primitives of quantum information (i.e. notions that one must be somehow familiar with in the field, like cloning, teleportation, state estimation...). The second part is devoted to a detailed introduction to the topic of quantum correlations, covering the evidence for failure of alternative theories, some aspects of the formalism of no-signaling probability distributions and some hints towards some current research topics in the field.
description: Six Lectures in a Les Houches Summer school (Singapore, 29 June - 24 July 2009). Many topics missing because they were covered by other lecturers. Many references missing because this is not a review article
Cosmology with galaxy clusters: impact of theoretical and observational systematic uncertainties
Creators: name: Salvati, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk I focus on how the modelling of the mass-observable relation and the halo mass function can impact the accuracy and precision of cosmological constraints inferred from galaxy clusters. I present a new analysis of clusters detected in mm wavelengths by the Planck satellite, highlighting the need of an improved description and calibration for the mass-observable relation.
description: To appear in the Proceedings of the International Conference entitled "mm Universe at NIKA2", Rome (Italy), June 2021, EPJ Web of conferences
Relax-and-fix heuristics applied to a real-world lot-sizing and scheduling problem in the personal care consumer goods industry
Creators: name: Araujo, K. A. G.
name: Birgin, E. G.
name: Kawamura, M. S.
name: Ronconi, D. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper addresses an integrated lot-sizing and scheduling problem in the industry of consumer goods for personal care, a very competitive market in which the good customer service level and the cost management show up in the competition for the clients. In this research, a complex operational environment composed of unrelated parallel machines with limited production capacity and sequence-dependent setup times and costs is studied. There is also a limited finished-goods storage capacity, a characteristic not found in the literature. Backordering is allowed but it is extremely undesirable. The problem is described through a mixed integer linear programming formulation. Since the problem is NP-hard, relax-and-fix heuristics with hybrid partitioning strategies are investigated. Computational experiments with randomly generated and also with real-world instances are presented. The results show the efficacy and efficiency of the proposed approaches. Compared to current solutions used by the company, the best proposed strategies yield results with substantially lower costs, primarily from the reduction in inventory levels and better allocation of production batches on the machines.
Model predictive flight control systems for rotorcraft UAS
Creators: name: Colautti, Stefano <1982>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: ING-IND/03 Meccanica del volo

description: Constraints are widely present in the flight control problems: actuators saturations or flight
envelope limitations are only some examples of that. The ability of Model Predictive
Control (MPC) of dealing with the constraints joined with the increased computational
power of modern calculators makes this approach attractive also for fast dynamics
systems such as agile air vehicles.
This PhD thesis presents the results, achieved at the Aerospace Engineering Department
of the University of Bologna in collaboration with the Dutch National Aerospace
Laboratories (NLR), concerning the development of a model predictive control system for
small scale rotorcraft UAS.
Several different predictive architectures have been evaluated and tested by means of
simulation, as a result of this analysis the most promising one has been used to implement
three different control systems: a Stability and Control Augmentation System, a trajectory
tracking and a path following system.
The systems have been compared with a corresponding baseline controller and showed
several advantages in terms of performance, stability and robustness.
DING Proteins from Phylogenetically Different Species Share High Degrees of Sequence and Structure Homology and Block Transcription of HIV-1 LTR Promoter
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence
Anti-HIV Agents
Cell Line, Tumor
Conserved Sequence
HIV-1
Humans
Hypericum
Inhibitory Concentration 50
Models, Molecular
Molecular Sequence Data
NF-kappa B p50 Subunit
Phylogeny
Polycomb Repressive Complex 1
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Protein Multimerization
Protein Structure, Quaternary
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Terminal Repeat Sequences
Transcription Factor RelA
Transcription, Genetic
Virus Replication

description: Independent research groups reported that DING protein homologues isolated from bacterial, plant and human cells demonstrate the anti-HIV-1 activity. This might indicate that diverse organisms utilize a DING-mediated broad-range protective innate immunity response to pathogen invasion, and that this mechanism is effective also against HIV-1. We performed structural analyses and evaluated the anti-HIV-1 activity for four DING protein homologues isolated from different species. Our data show that bacterial PfluDING, plant p38SJ (pDING), human phosphate binding protein (HPBP) and human extracellular DING from CD4 T cells (X-DING-CD4) share high degrees of structure and sequence homology. According to earlier reports on the anti-HIV-1 activity of pDING and X-DING-CD4, other members of this protein family from bacteria and humans were able to block transcription of HIV-1 and replication of virus in cell based assays. The efficacy studies for DING-mediated HIV-1 LTR and HIV-1 replication blocking activity showed that the LTR transcription inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values ranged from 0.052-0.449 ng/ml; and the HIV-1 replication IC50 values ranged from 0.075-0.311 ng/ml. Treatment of cells with DING protein alters the interaction between p65-NF-κB and HIV-1 LTR. Our data suggest that DING proteins may be part of an innate immunity defense against pathogen invasion; the conserved structure and activity makes them appealing candidates for development of a novel therapeutics targeting HIV-1 transcription. © 2013 Sachdeva et al.
Serializing the Parallelism in Parallel Communicating Pushdown Automata Systems
Creators: name: Balan, M. Sakthi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider parallel communicating pushdown automata systems (PCPA) and define a property called known communication for it. We use this property to prove that the power of a variant of PCPA, called returning centralized parallel communicating pushdown automata (RCPCPA), is equivalent to that of multi-head pushdown automata. The above result presents a new sub-class of returning parallel communicating pushdown automata systems (RPCPA) called simple-RPCPA and we show that it can be written as a finite intersection of multi-head pushdown automata systems.
Can You Hear It? Backdoor Attacks via Ultrasonic Triggers
Creators: name: Koffas, Stefanos
name: Xu, Jing
name: Conti, Mauro
name: Picek, Stjepan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work explores backdoor attacks for automatic speech recognition systems where we inject inaudible triggers. By doing so, we make the backdoor attack challenging to detect for legitimate users, and thus, potentially more dangerous. We conduct experiments on two versions of a speech dataset and three neural networks and explore the performance of our attack concerning the duration, position, and type of the trigger. Our results indicate that less than 1% of poisoned data is sufficient to deploy a backdoor attack and reach a 100% attack success rate. We observed that short, non-continuous triggers result in highly successful attacks. However, since our trigger is inaudible, it can be as long as possible without raising any suspicions making the attack more effective. Finally, we conducted our attack in actual hardware and saw that an adversary could manipulate inference in an Android application by playing the inaudible trigger over the air.
Biomechanics of sprint running: a methodological contribution
Creators: name: Bergamini, Elena <1980>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: ING-INF/06 Bioingegneria elettronica e informatica

description: Sports biomechanics describes human movement from a performance enhancement and an injury reduction perspective. In this respect, the purpose of sports scientists is to support coaches and physicians with reliable information about athletes’ technique. The lack of methods allowing for in-field athlete evaluation as well as for accurate joint force estimates represents, to date, the main limitation to this purpose. The investigations illustrated in the present thesis aimed at providing a contribution towards the development of the above mentioned methods. 
Two complementary approaches were adopted: a Low Resolution Approach – related to performance assessment – where the use of wearable inertial measurement units is exploited during different phases of sprint running, and a High Resolution Approach – related to joint kinetics estimate for injury prevention – where subject-specific, non-rigid constraints for knee joint kinematic modelling used in multi-body optimization techniques are defined.
Results obtained using the Low Resolution Approach indicated that, due to their portability and inexpensiveness, inertial measurement systems are a valid alternative to laboratory-based instrumentation for in-field performance evaluation of sprint running. Using acceleration and angular velocity data, the following quantities were estimated: trunk inclination and angular velocity, instantaneous horizontal velocity and displacement of a point approximating the centre of mass, and stride and support phase durations.
As concerns the High Resolution Approach, results indicated that the length of the anterior cruciate and lateral collateral ligaments decreased, while that of the deep bundle of the medial collateral ligament increased significantly during flexion. Variations of the posterior cruciate and the superficial bundle of the medial collateral ligament lengths were concealed by the experimental indeterminacy. A mathematical model was provided that allowed the estimate of subject-specific ligament lengths as a function of knee flexion and that can be integrated in a multi-body optimization procedure.
N=4 Gauged Supergravity from Duality-Twist Compactifications of String Theory
Creators: name: Reid-Edwards, R A
name: Spanjaard, B
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the lifting of half-maximal four-dimensional gauged supergravities to compactifications of string theory. It is shown that a class of such supergravities can arise from compactifications of IIA string theory on manifolds of SU(2)-structure which may be thought of as K3 fibrations over T^2. Examples of these SU(2)-structure backgrounds, as smooth K3 bundles and as compactifications with H-flux, are given and we also find evidence for a class of non-geometric, Mirror-fold backgrounds. By applying the duality between IIA string theory on K3 and Heterotic string theory on T^4 fibrewise, we argue that these SU(2)-structure backgrounds are dual to Heterotic compactifications on a class T^4 fibrations over T^2. Examples of these fibrations as twisted tori, H-flux and T-fold compactifications are given. We also construct a new set of backgrounds, particular to Heterotic string theory, which includes a previously unknown class of Heterotic T-folds. A sigma model description of these backgrounds, from the Heterotic perspective, is presented in which we generalize the Bosonic doubled formalism to Heterotic string theory.
description: 59 pages, typos corrected
System Combination for Grammatical Error Correction Based on Integer Programming
Creators: name: Lin, Ruixi
name: Ng, Hwee Tou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a system combination method for grammatical error correction (GEC), based on nonlinear integer programming (IP). Our method optimizes a novel F score objective based on error types, and combines multiple end-to-end GEC systems. The proposed IP approach optimizes the selection of a single best system for each grammatical error type present in the data. Experiments of the IP approach on combining state-of-the-art standalone GEC systems show that the combined system outperforms all standalone systems. It improves F0.5 score by 3.61% when combining the two best participating systems in the BEA 2019 shared task, and achieves F0.5 score of 73.08%. We also perform experiments to compare our IP approach with another state-of-the-art system combination method for GEC, demonstrating IP's competitive combination capability.
description: Accepted for RANLP 2021
Aggregation functions for decision making
Creators: name: Marichal, Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90B50, 91B06, 91B16 (Primary) 26E60, 39B72, 91C05 (Secondary)

description: Aggregation functions are generally defined and used to combine several numerical values into a single one, so that the final result of the aggregation takes into account all the individual values in a given manner. Such functions are widely used in many well-known disciplines such as statistics, economics, finance, and computer science. In this paper we confine ourselves to the use of aggregation functions in decision making.
Stochastic Optimization under Distributional Drift
Creators: name: Cutler, Joshua
name: Drusvyatskiy, Dmitriy
name: Harchaoui, Zaid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 90C15, 90C25

description: We consider the problem of minimizing a convex function that is evolving according to unknown and possibly stochastic dynamics, which may depend jointly on time and on the decision variable itself. Such problems abound in the machine learning and signal processing literature, under the names of concept drift, stochastic tracking, and performative prediction. We provide novel non-asymptotic convergence guarantees for stochastic algorithms with iterate averaging, focusing on bounds valid both in expectation and with high probability. The efficiency estimates we obtain clearly decouple the contributions of optimization error, gradient noise, and time drift. Notably, we identify a low drift-to-noise regime in which the tracking efficiency of the proximal stochastic gradient method benefits significantly from a step decay schedule. Numerical experiments illustrate our results.
description: 56 pages, 7 figures. v2: unified analysis of time- and decision-dependent settings; updated numerical experiments. v3: added references and updated exposition. v4: minor updates to match the version published in JMLR
Ground-state energy of quasi-free positrons in non-polar fluids
Creators: name: Cheng, Eve
name: Cocks, Daniel
name: McEachran, Robert P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have calculated the background energy ($V_0$) for positrons in noble gases with an \emph{ab initio} potential and the Wigner-Seitz (WS) ansatz. {\col In contrast to the general pseudo-potential approach, we have used accurate \emph{ab initio} potentials for the positron-atom interaction.} The ansatz includes an assumed form of the potential, resulting from an average over fluid atoms, and we propose four different options for this. By comparing the different options to literature data for effective electron number ($Z_{\text{eff}}$), we find that agreement can be obtained for light elements, but fails for heavy elements. We suspect that the strong polarizability of the heavy elements makes the simple potential averaging, as assumed in the Wigner-Seitz model, insufficient to fit the measurements without also making use of pseudo-potentials. We also raise our suspicion that the comparison of annihiliation rates between ground-state calculations and experimental values is not appropriate. Furthermore, the congruence of $V_0$ to $Z_{\text{eff}}$ values predicted by a contact potential approximation appears to be invalidated by our results.
HIV-1 Vpr Modulates Macrophage Metabolic Pathways: A SILAC-Based Quantitative Analysis
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Blotting, Western
Computational Biology
Glycolysis
Humans
Isotope Labeling
Macrophages
Metabolic Networks and Pathways
Models, Biological
Protein Interaction Maps
Proteome
Proteomics
Reproducibility of Results
Transduction, Genetic
U937 Cells
vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus

description: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 encoded viral protein Vpr is essential for infection of macrophages by HIV-1. Furthermore, these macrophages are resistant to cell death and are viral reservoir. However, the impact of Vpr on the macrophage proteome is yet to be comprehended. The goal of the present study was to use a stable-isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) coupled with mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach to characterize the Vpr response in macrophages. Cultured human monocytic cells, U937, were differentiated into macrophages and transduced with adenovirus construct harboring the Vpr gene. More than 600 proteins were quantified in SILAC coupled with LC-MS/MS approach, among which 136 were significantly altered upon Vpr overexpression in macrophages. Quantified proteins were selected and clustered by biological functions, pathway and network analysis using Ingenuity computational pathway analysis. The proteomic data illustrating increase in abundance of enzymes in the glycolytic pathway (pentose phosphate and pyruvate metabolism) was further validated by western blot analysis. In addition, the proteomic data demonstrate down regulation of some key mitochondrial enzymes such as glutamate dehydrogenase 2 (GLUD2), adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) and transketolase (TKT). Based on these observations we postulate that HIV-1 hijacks the macrophage glucose metabolism pathway via the Vpr-hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) axis to induce expression of hexokinase (HK), glucose-6-phosphate dehyrogenase (G6PD) and pyruvate kinase muscle type 2 (PKM2) that facilitates viral replication and biogenesis, and long-term survival of macrophages. Furthermore, dysregulation of mitochondrial glutamate metabolism in macrophages can contribute to neurodegeneration via neuroexcitotoxic mechanisms in the context of NeuroAIDS. © 2013 Barrero et al.