cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 6 of Comprehensive research into prognostic and immune signatures of transcription factor family in breast cancer
Creators: name: Wu, Qing
name: Zheng, Shiyao
name: Lin, Nan
name: Xie, Xianhe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6: Table S2. Prognostic Value of Single CpG of the TFDEGs in BRCA by MethSurv platform.
MOESM1 of Dual consent? Donors’ and recipients’ views about involvement in decision-making on the use of embryos created by gamete donation in research
Creators: name: I. Baía
name: C. Freitas
name: C. Samorinha
name: V. Provoost
name: S. Silva
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. “Gamete Donation: Public involvement and people-centred care Questionnaire”. A translation of the questionnaire developed by the research team to assess ethical, legal and social issues involved in gamete donation.
Tachyphron neosubfragilis Brown 2005, sp. n.
Creators: name: Brown, G. R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Tiphiidae
Tachyphron
Tachyphron neosubfragilis

description: Tachyphron neosubfragilis sp. n.
(Figures 30, 35, 36, 60)
 Material examined. HOLOTYPE: „. Papua New Guinea: Western Highlands: Baiyer (as Beiyer) River cattle station, 9 February to August 1974, Howden, PMAE.
 Distribution. Known only from Baiyer River cattle station, Papua New Guinea (Figure 60).
 Etymology. The specific name is derived from Greek, and is a reference to the similarity of this species to T. subfragilis.
 Diagnosis. Male: hypopygium with apical spine broadly triangular and only slightly longer than the lateral spines (Figure 30). Parameres long and narrow apically with the apices divergent (Figures 35, 36). Aedeagus strongly curved with apex directed upwards.
 Description. Male: black; metasoma (except T1 and S1) red suffused with black. Tegulae testaceous; wings hyaline, veins and stigma light brown; setae white, slightly fulvous on margin of gena and apex of metasoma. Clypeus closely and finely punctate, apically truncate, sagittally carinate. Frons closely to rugosely punctate. Vertex closely to rugosely punctate. Gena finely punctate. Gena oblique, less than half length of minimum eye diameter. Occipital carina just visible dorsally. Genal cavity not visible dorsally. Pronotum including anterior surface and mesoscutum rugosely punctate, punctures shallower on pronotum. Mesoscutellum deeply closely to rugosely punctate. Metanotum finely punctate. Propodeum closely and shallowly punctate. Mesopleura closely punctate. T1–5 sparsely punctate; T6 punctate, T7 closely and coarsely punctate, medially impunctate; T1 with length: width 1.6:1. S1 shallowly punctate; S2–8 almost impunctate but becoming punctate posterolaterally on posterior sternites especially S8. Hypopygium (Figure 30) subparallel, lateral spines short and acute, apical spine broadly subtriangular. Genitalia (Figures 35, 36) with parameres subparallel basally becoming narrower apically, apices twisted and divergent and appearing as a long digitate process in profile, ending before apex of aedeagus; basiparameres in dorsal view broadly triangular without preapical notches, apex not clearly differentiated from aedeagus and apparently rounded, ending slightly beyond level of apices of cuspides, broad in lateral view; aedeagus with distinct basal and apical sections, basal section short and ovoid without ventral lobes, apical section expanded basally then long, narrow, parallel and hook-shaped, ending beyond level of apices of parameres. BL: 11; FW: 8; HW: 6.
description: Published as part of Brown, G. R., 2005, A revision of Tachyphron Brown and description of two new genera within the Ariphron group (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae), pp. 197-239 in Journal of Natural History 39 (2) on page 230, DOI: 10.1080/0022290310001657892, http://zenodo.org/record/5214577
Self-decoupled tetrapodal perylene molecules for luminescence studies of isolated emitters on Au(111)
Creators: name: Ijaz, Talha
name: Yang, Ben
name: Wang, Ruipu
name: Zhu, Jiazhe
name: Farrukh, Aftab
name: Chen, Gong
name: Franc, Grégory
name: Zhang, Yang
name: Gourdon, André
name: Dong, Zhenchao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-decoupled tetrapodal perylene molecules were designed, synthesized, and deposited on the Au(111) surface through the electrosprayionization technique. Photoluminescence and lifetime measurements show that the chromophore groups of the designed molecules are welldecoupled from the gold substrate. Preliminary scanning tunneling microscopy induced luminescence measurements indicate theobservation of molecule-specific emissions from isolated single tetrapodal perylene molecules adsorbed directly on Au(111). The emergenceof significant emission when the tip is positioned at the molecular center suggests that there is a considerable vertical component of the transitiondipole of the designed molecule along the tip axial direction. Our results may open up a route for the realization of nanolight sourcesand plasmonic devices based on organic molecules.
MOESM1 of Change in diaphragm and intercostal muscle thickness in mechanically ventilated patients: a prospective observational ultrasonography study
Creators: name: Nobuto Nakanishi
name: Oto, Jun
name: Yoshitoyo Ueno
name: Nakataki, Emiko
name: Itagaki, Taiga
name: Masaji Nishimura
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Facility and equipment in this two-center prospective observational study. Figure S1. Anatomical structures at the zone of apposition. Figure S2. Ultrasound image of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles from the intercostal view. Figure S3. Intra-observer reproducibility of diaphragm. Figure S4. Inter-observer reproducibility of diaphragm. Figure S5. Intra-observer reproducibility of intercostal muscle. Figure S6. Inter-observer reproducibility of intercostal muscle.
New nonabelian solutions in D=4, N=4 gauged supergravity
Creators: name: Radu, Eugen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we look for static, purely magnetic, nonabelian solutions with unusual topology in the context of N=4 Freedman-Schwarz supergravity in four dimensions.Two new exact solutions satisfying first order Bogomol'nyi equations are discussed.The main characteristics of the general solutions are presented and differences with respect to the spherically symmetric case are studied. We argue that all solutions present naked singularities.
description: 8 pages, LaTeX, 2 figures, new references added
Improving Instruction-Following in Language Models through Activation Steering
Creators: name: Stolfo, Alessandro
name: Balachandran, Vidhisha
name: Yousefi, Safoora
name: Horvitz, Eric
name: Nushi, Besmira
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
Machine Learning (cs.LG)
FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The ability to follow instructions is crucial for numerous real-world applications of language models. In pursuit of deeper insights and more powerful capabilities, we derive instruction-specific vector representations from language models and use them to steer models accordingly. These vectors are computed as the difference in activations between inputs with and without instructions, enabling a modular approach to activation steering. We demonstrate how this method can enhance model adherence to constraints such as output format, length, and word inclusion, providing inference-time control over instruction following. Our experiments across four models demonstrate how we can use the activation vectors to guide models to follow constraints even without explicit instructions and to enhance performance when instructions are present. Additionally, we explore the compositionality of activation steering, successfully applying multiple instructions simultaneously. Finally, we demonstrate that steering vectors computed on instruction-tuned models can transfer to improve base models. Our findings demonstrate that activation steering offers a practical and scalable approach for fine-grained control in language generation.
description: arXiv
Oxalamide based coordination polymers
Creators: name: Margariti, Antigoni
name: Moushi, Eleni
name: Tasiopoulos, Anastasios J.
name: Escuer, Albert
name: Papaefstathiou, Giannis S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Employment of N,N′-bis(2-dicarboxyphenyl)-oxalamide (H4L) in the M2+ chemistry (M = Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, and Zn) afforded five 2-D coordination polymers and one 1-D coordination polymer. The crystal structures of all complexes have been determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The five 2-D polymers with the general formula [M(H2L)(H2O)2]n (M = Mg 1, Mn 2, Co 3, Ni 4, Zn 6) are based on the di-anion of the oxalamide ligand (H2L2–) while the poorly diffracting complex 5, {[Ni2(L)(H2O)3]·(H2O)2}n, is based on the tetra-anion of the oxalamide ligand (L4–). The magnetic properties of 2–4 revealed weak antiferromagnetic interactions between the spin carriers.
Photon correlation spectroscopy as a witness for quantum coherence
Creators: name: Muñoz, Carlos Sánchez
name: Schlawin, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of spectroscopic techniques able to detect and verify quantum coherence is a goal of increasing importance given the rapid progress of new quantum technologies, the advances in the field of quantum thermodynamics, and the emergence of new questions in chemistry and biology regarding the possible relevance of quantum coherence in biochemical processes. Ideally, these tools should be able to detect and verify the presence of quantum coherence in both the transient dynamics and the steady state of driven-dissipative systems, such as light-harvesting complexes driven by thermal photons in natural conditions. This requirement poses a challenge for standard laser spectroscopy methods. Here, we propose photon correlation measurements as a new tool to analyse quantum dynamics in molecular aggregates in driven-dissipative situations. We show that the photon correlation statistics on the light emitted by a molecular dimer model can signal the presence of coherent dynamics. Deviations from the counting statistics of independent emitters constitute a direct fingerprint of quantum coherence in the steady state. Furthermore, the analysis of frequency resolved photon correlations can signal the presence of coherent dynamics even in the absence of steady state coherence, providing direct spectroscopic access to the much sought-after site energies in molecular aggregates.
LLM-based Cognitive Models of Students with Misconceptions
Creators: name: Sonkar, Shashank
name: Chen, Xinghe
name: Liu, Naiming
name: Baraniuk, Richard G.
name: Sachan, Mrinmaya
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
Computation and Language (cs.CL)
Computers and Society (cs.CY)
Machine Learning (cs.LG)
FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurately modeling student cognition is crucial for developing effective AI-driven educational technologies. A key challenge is creating realistic student models that satisfy two essential properties: (1) accurately replicating specific misconceptions, and (2) correctly solving problems where these misconceptions are not applicable. This dual requirement reflects the complex nature of student understanding, where misconceptions coexist with correct knowledge. This paper investigates whether Large Language Models (LLMs) can be instruction-tuned to meet this dual requirement and effectively simulate student thinking in algebra. We introduce MalAlgoPy, a novel Python library that generates datasets reflecting authentic student solution patterns through a graph-based representation of algebraic problem-solving. Utilizing MalAlgoPy, we define and examine Cognitive Student Models (CSMs) - LLMs instruction tuned to faithfully emulate realistic student behavior. Our findings reveal that LLMs trained on misconception examples can efficiently learn to replicate errors. However, the training diminishes the model's ability to solve problems correctly, particularly for problem types where the misconceptions are not applicable, thus failing to satisfy second property of CSMs. We demonstrate that by carefully calibrating the ratio of correct to misconception examples in the training data - sometimes as low as 0.25 - it is possible to develop CSMs that satisfy both properties. Our insights enhance our understanding of AI-based student models and pave the way for effective adaptive learning systems.
description: arXiv
Making agricultural support objective-oriented: a linear programming approach for Ukraine
Creators: name: Vysotskyi, Taras
name: Kovtun, Olena
name: Vysotskyi, Taras
name: Kovtun, Olena
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Agricultural support
subject: Linear Programming
subject: Ukraine

description: The overall aim of the paper is to analyse the distribution of state agricultural support in Ukraine with the purpose of drawing up proposals on how to make it more objective-oriented. The investigation is based on the results of a case study conducted in Zdolbuniv district3, in the Rivne region of Ukraine, where interviews with local agricultural experts were held. The research is founded on the Linear Programming (LP) methodological approach, which is applied to calculate an objective-oriented agricultural budget allocation. This approach also integrates judgements from district agricultural experts. The outcomes show that agricultural support should have been redistributed in a slightly different way from the district perspective. However, the calculated changes in most cases match with the overall development directions in the Ukrainian agricultural support policy. Furthermore, the developed model has proved to be a useful and, at the same time, quite simple tool in application support, and one which could have been used by the agricultural decision-makers in the process of the distribution of agricultural support.
MOESM1 of Cardiovascular risk factors and memory decline in middle-aged and older adults: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Creators: name: Olaya, Beatriz
name: Moneta, Maria
name: Bobak, Martin
name: Haro, Josep
name: Panayotes Demakakos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Parameter estimates, Standard Errors and p values from adjusted linear mixed regression models for episodic memory scores (excluding cardiovascular diseases).
Can agricultural cooperatives reduce poverty? Heterogeneous impact of cooperative membership on farmers’ welfare in Rwanda
Creators: name: Verhofstadt, Ellen
name: Maertens, Miet
name: Verhofstadt, Ellen
name: Maertens, Miet
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: cooperatives
subject: farm-households
subject: impact heterogeneity
subject: Rwanda

description: We analyze the inclusiveness and effectiveness of agricultural cooperatives in Rwanda. We estimate mean income and poverty effects of cooperative membership using propensity score matching techniques. We analyze heterogeneous treatment effects across farmers by analyzing how estimated treatment effects vary over farm and farmer characteristics and over the estimated propensity score. We find that cooperative membership in general increases income and reduces poverty and that these effects are largest for larger farms and in more remote areas. We find evidence of a negative selection as impact is largest for farmers with the lowest propensity to be a cooperative member.
description: An updated version of this working paper is published as: Verhofstadt, E., Maertens, M. (2014). Can Agricultural Cooperatives Reduce Poverty? Heterogeneous Impact of Cooperative Membership on Farmers' Welfare in Rwanda. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, art.nr. online.
$TESS$ Phase Curve of the Hot Jupiter WASP-19b
Creators: name: Wong, Ian
name: Benneke, Björn
name: Shporer, Avi
name: Fetherolf, Tara
name: Kane, Stephen R.
name: Ricker, George R.
name: Vanderspek, Roland
name: Seager, Sara
name: Winn, Joshua N.
name: Collins, Karen A.
name: Mireles, Ismael
name: Morris, Robert
name: Tenenbaum, Peter
name: Ting, Eric B.
name: Rinehart, Stephen
name: Villaseñor, Jesus Noel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the phase curve of the short-period transiting hot Jupiter system WASP-19, which was observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite ($TESS$) in Sector 9. WASP-19 is one of only five transiting exoplanet systems with full-orbit phase curve measurements at both optical and infrared wavelengths. We measure a secondary eclipse depth of $470^{+130}_{-110}$ ppm and detect a strong atmospheric brightness modulation signal with a semi-amplitude of $319\pm51$ ppm. No significant offset is detected between the substellar point and the region of maximum brightness on the dayside. There is also no significant nightside flux detected, which is in agreement with the nightside effective blackbody temperature of $1090^{+190}_{-250}$ derived from the published $Spitzer$ phase curves for this planet. Placing the eclipse depth measured in the $TESS$ bandpass alongside the large body of previous values from the literature, we carry out the first atmospheric retrievals of WASP-19b's secondary eclipse spectrum using the SCARLET code. The retrieval analysis indicates that WASP-19b has a dayside atmosphere consistent with an isotherm at $T=2240\pm40$ K and a visible geometric albedo of $0.16\pm0.04$, indicating significant contribution from reflected starlight in the $TESS$ bandpass and moderately efficient day-night heat transport.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in AJ
Sagnac interferometry based on ultra-slow polaritons in cold atomic vapors
Creators: name: Zimmer, F.
name: Fleischhauer, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advantages of light and matter-wave Sagnac interferometers -- large area on one hand and high rotational sensitivity per unit area on the other -- can be combined utilizing ultra-slow light in cold atomic gases. While a group-velocity reduction alone does not affect the Sagnac phase shift, the associated momentum transfer from light to atoms generates a coherent matter-wave component which gives rise to a substantially enhanced rotational signal. It is shown that matter-wave sensitivity in a large-area interferometer can be achieved if an optically dense vapor at sub-recoil temperatures is used. Already a noticeable enhancement of the Sagnac phase shift is possible however with much less cooling requirements.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Visible luminescent Ln42 nanotorus coordination clusters
Creators: name: King, Tyler L.
name: Orhi Esarte Palomero
name: Bard, Alexander B.
name: Espinoza, Joe A.
name: Hongyu Guo
name: Schipper, Desmond
name: Xiaoping Yang
name: DePue, Lauren J.
name: Que, Emily L.
name: Jones, Richard A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Three thermodynamically stable nano-sized complexes containing 42 Ln3+ ions in a single molecule were synthesized via a self-assembly process. The compounds have torus or wheel-like architectures and have the general formula Ln42L14(OAc)82(OH)30 (Ln = Eu, Tb, Gd, L = deprotonated ortho-vanillin, OAc = acetate). The Eu and Tb complexes represent the first reported visibly luminescent lanthanide nanotoroids. The single crystal structures of all three complexes and their photophysical properties are reported.
A Note on Lie-Lorentz Derivatives
Creators: name: Ortin, Tomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The definition of ``Lie derivative'' of spinors with respect to Killing vectors is extended to all kinds of Lorentz tensors. This Lie-Lorentz derivative appears naturally in the commutator of two supersymmetry transformations generated by Killing spinors and vanishes for Vielbeins. It can be identified as the generator of the action of isometries on supergravity fields and its use for the calculation of supersymmetry algebras is revised and extended.
description: Latex2e, 9 pages, AMS fonts
A linear system for pipe flow stability analysis allowing for boundary condition modifications
Creators: name: Malik, M.
name: Skote, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An accurate system to study the stability of pipe flow that ensures regularity is presented. The system produces a spectrum that is as accurate as Meseguer \& Trefethen (2000), while providing flexibility to amend the boundary conditions without a need to modify the formulation. The accuracy is achieved by formulating the state variables to behave as analytic functions. We show that the resulting system retains the regular singularity at the pipe centre with a multiplicity of poles such that the wall boundary conditions are complemented with precisely the needed number of regularity conditions for obtaining unique solutions. In the case of axisymmetric and axially constant perturbations the computed eigenvalues match, to double precision accuracy, the values predicted by the analytical characteristic relations. The derived system is used to obtain the optimal inviscid disturbance pattern, which is found to hold similar structure as in plane shear flows.
description: The published article can be found from Computers and Fluids: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2019.104267
On the accurate reproduction of strongly repulsive interatomic potentials
Creators: name: Lehtola, Susi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Knowledge of the repulsive behavior of potential energy curves $V(R)$ at $R\to0$ is necessary for understanding and modeling irradiation processes of practical interest. $V(R)$ is in principle straightforward to obtain from electronic structure calculations; however, commonly-used numerical approaches for electronic structure calculations break down in the strongly repulsive region due to the closeness of the nuclei. In the present work, we show by comparison to fully numerical reference values that a recently developed procedure [S. Lehtola, J. Chem. Phys. 151, 241102 (2019)] can be employed to enable accurate linear combination of atomic orbitals calculations of $V(R)$ even at small $R$ by a study of the seven nuclear reactions He2 <=> Be, HeNe <=> Mg, Ne2 <=> Ca, HeAr <=> Ca, MgAr <=> Zn, Ar2 <=> Kr, and NeCa <=> Zn.
description: 8 pages
Detection of ferric ions in a gram-positive bacterial cell: Staphylococcus aureus
Creators: name: Erendra Manandhar
name: Johnson, Ashley D. G.
name: Watson, William M.
name: Dickerson, Shelby D.
name: Gyan S. Sahukhal
name: Elasri, Mohamed O.
name: Fronczek, Frank R.
name: Cragg, Peter J.
name: Wallace, Karl J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: A rhodamine-based chemosensor was synthesized and found to selectively bind ferric ions over other metal ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Hg2+ Cr3+, Al3+) in an organic-aqueous mixture (CH3CN-MES). Upon addition of ferric ions, the spirolactam ring opens, producing a visual color change and a fluorescence intensity increase, i.e. a “turn on” optical response at 577 nm is observed. The chemosensor coordinates to ferric ions in 1:1 stoichiometry with a calculated Ka = 3.5 × 104 mol⋅dm−3 by fluorescence spectroscopy and a LoD of 27 ppb. The chemosensor was reversible upon addition of the Fe3+ chelator desferrioxamine. One- and two-dimensional NMR experiments with Al3+ ions aided in understanding of the coordination environment of the ferric ion with the chemosensor, which were confirmed by molecular modeling calculations. X-ray quality crystals of the chemosensor were obtained, and the solid-state structure is reported. Confocal microscopy was used to detect free ferric ions in Staphylococcus aureus.
Efficiency and Integration in the Food Supply Chain
Creators: name: Jarzebowski, Sebastian
name: Bezat-Jarzębowska, Agnieszka
name: Klepacki, Bogdan
name: Jarzebowski, Sebastian
name: Bezat-Jarzębowska, Agnieszka
name: Klepacki, Bogdan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: integration
subject: food supply chain
subject: economic performance
subject: Stochastic Frontier Analysis

description: Due to the nature of the food supply chain, an increase of the integration's degree in the chain may be an important aspect in the context of increasing the efficiency of agri-food companies. Therefore, exploring the relationships among these variables was found as an important research area and adopted as the goal of the paper. The paper is focused mainly on the theoretical background showing the relationship between integration and performance. A description of the theoretical and methodological aspects of performance measurement and its extension (including the integration aspect) was also made within the framework of the paper. For an empirical illustration of the analyzed relationships two steps were made. Firstly, the integration's degree in the food chain was measured. Secondly, the efficiency of the companies from the cereals processing industry in Europe was assessed. The SFA models (e.g. Translog and Cobb-Douglas functional form) were used for assessment of efficiency. By using stochastic method (e.g. the SFA, Stochastic Frontier Analysis), one may show the influence of external variable (the integration in the supply chain) on the efficiency performance of enterprises. Efficiency of economic entities is not an unambiguous term. There are several different concepts of efficiency, its measurement and expressions. Within the framework of efficiency, many terms of similar meaning may be applied. However, these concepts are not identical. The actual concept of efficiency is derived from the structure of the production function, therefore it is conditioned by changes in the productivity of production factors and their remuneration and refers to the allocation of production factors in the most technically efficient way.
The problems of regional development in Montenegro
Creators: name: Radulovic, Janko
name: Radulovic, Janko
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: sustainable development
subject: regional inequalities
subject: rural areas

description: Economic development is a continuous, stochastic process considering that development depends on a multitude of historical, political, economic, cultural, ethnic and other factors. In the process of development, each country puts effort into strengthening their manufacturing potential, increasing the competitiveness of their economy by modernizing technology, and raising the level of education, culture etc. Owing to the accentuated actions of these factors, and different social, economic and other circumstances, there has been emerging polarizations in regional development, urbanization and so on. Proof of a country’s level of economic development can be found in various indicators such as capital equipment; the share of manufacturing, agriculture, and foreign trade; the share of the private sector in total ownership; the development of financial institutions and capital markets; the development and stability of the legal system; the development of transport, telecommunication and other infrastructure; the realized standard of living; the development of democracy and human rights protection; preserved environment etc. Economies of developing countries, including Montenegro, are usually characterized by a low capital equipment and low labor productivity, expensive manufacturing and insufficient share of world trade, high import dependence, uncompetitiveness, high unemployment, undeveloped entrepreneurship, and an undeveloped financial institutions. Polarized countries in an economic and development sense, are therefore those which are unevenly developed, and are constantly faced with highly pronounced problems of disparity in regional development and demographic problems. Solving these problems is a long-term process and necessitates. The design of a regional policy that is more efficient than the previous ones, as well, as building a different procedure for fulfilling the adopted regional policies.
Anomalous magneto-oscillations and spin precession
Creators: name: Keppeler, S.
name: Winkler, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A semiclassical analysis based on concepts developed in quantum chaos reveals that anomalous magneto-oscillations in quasi two-dimensional systems with spin-orbit interaction reflect the non-adiabatic spin precession of a classical spin vector along the cyclotron orbits.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Agents: An Open-source Framework for Autonomous Language Agents
Creators: name: Zhou, Wangchunshu
name: Jiang, Yuchen Eleanor
name: Li, Long
name: Wu, Jialong
name: Wang, Tiannan
name: Qiu, Shi
name: Zhang, Jintian
name: Chen, Jing
name: Wu, Ruipu
name: Wang, Shuai
name: Zhu, Shiding
name: Chen, Jiyu
name: Zhang, Wentao
name: Tang, Xiangru
name: Zhang, Ningyu
name: Chen, Huajun
name: Cui, Peng
name: Sachan, Mrinmaya
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent advances on large language models (LLMs) enable researchers and developers to build autonomous language agents that can automatically solve various tasks and interact with environments, humans, and other agents using natural language interfaces. We consider language agents as a promising direction towards artificial general intelligence and release Agents, an open-source library with the goal of opening up these advances to a wider non-specialist audience. Agents is carefully engineered to support important features including planning, memory, tool usage, multi-agent communication, and fine-grained symbolic control. Agents is user-friendly as it enables non-specialists to build, customize, test, tune, and deploy state-of-the-art autonomous language agents without much coding. The library is also research-friendly as its modularized design makes it easily extensible for researchers. Agents is available at https://github.com/aiwaves-cn/agents.
description: arXiv
MOESM1 of Individualised behaviour change strategies for physical activity in multiple sclerosis (IPAC-MS): protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Farren Goulding
name: Evans, Charity
name: Knox, Katherine
name: Lim, Hyun
name: Levin, Michael
name: Donkers, Sarah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents.
DIRAS: Efficient LLM Annotation of Document Relevance in Retrieval Augmented Generation
Creators: name: Ni, Jingwei
name: Schimanski, Tobias
name: Lin, Meihong
name: Sachan, Mrinmaya
name: Ash, Elliott
name: Leippold, Markus
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
Computation and Language (cs.CL)
FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is widely employed to ground responses to queries on domain-specific documents. But do RAG implementations leave out important information when answering queries that need an integrated analysis of information (e.g., Tell me good news in the stock market today.)? To address these concerns, RAG developers need to annotate information retrieval (IR) data for their domain of interest, which is challenging because (1) domain-specific queries usually need nuanced definitions of relevance beyond shallow semantic relevance; and (2) human or GPT-4 annotation is costly and cannot cover all (query, document) pairs (i.e., annotation selection bias), thus harming the effectiveness in evaluating IR recall. To address these challenges, we propose DIRAS (Domain-specific Information Retrieval Annotation with Scalability), a manual-annotation-free schema that fine-tunes open-sourced LLMs to consider nuanced relevance definition and annotate (partial) relevance labels with calibrated relevance scores. Extensive evaluation shows that DIRAS enables smaller (8B) LLMs to achieve GPT-4-level performance on annotating and ranking unseen (query, document) pairs, and is helpful for real-world RAG development. All code, LLM generations, and human annotations can be found in \url{https://github.com/EdisonNi-hku/DIRAS}.
description: arXiv
Factors Underlying Farmers’ Decisions to Participate in Networks
Creators: name: Kuhne, Bianka
name: Lambrecht, Evelien
name: Vanhonacker, Filiep
name: Pieniak, Zuzanna
name: Gellynck, Xavier
name: Kuhne, Bianka
name: Lambrecht, Evelien
name: Vanhonacker, Filiep
name: Pieniak, Zuzanna
name: Gellynck, Xavier
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: farmer
subject: decision making
subject: network participation
subject: knowledge exchange
subject: innovation
subject: Flanders

description: The objective of this elicitation study is to provide insights into farmers’ beliefs which influence their participation in knowledge exchange and innovation networks to enable the enhancement of network participation. A set of facilitating and impeding factors was obtained. Participants identified (a) 13 categories of behavioural beliefs (e.g. ‘You learn something’ and ‘Low perceived return on investment’), (b) 4 groups of normative beliefs (influence of colleagues, spouses, network coordinators and chain partners) and (c) 11 control beliefs (facilitators or barriers related to, for example, ‘Network skills’, ‘No time’ and ‘Perceived restraint by farmers in communicating openly and honestly’).
Transparency in Food Networks - Where to Go
Creators: name: Schiefer, Gerhard
name: Reiche, Robert
name: Schiefer, Gerhard
name: Reiche, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Transparency
subject: food networks
subject: information technology
subject: Future Internet

description: One of the core requests in assuring competitiveness and sustainability in the food value chain is transparency. Food is a basic human need and as such of paramount interest to consumers. They expect retail to provide guarantees assuring that food is safe to eat and of the quality they request. Increasingly, interests of consumers reach beyond these basic needs but involve environmental or ethical aspects related to the production and distribution of food. The provision of the guarantees is communicated to consumers through claims that are expressed in messages (‘food is safe’), signals (‘food miles’), labels of various kind, or just clusters of information items (as e.g. ‘origin’). Appropriate communication provides transparency to consumers and allowed them to ‘make informed decisions’ that fit their needs. The complexity of the sector, the absence of focal players in the field, the complexity in the collection, processing and communication of information, and limitations in information and network technology have made it difficult to find concepts and solutions that could solve the transparency problem at consumers’ end. This is where the Future Internet provides opportunities that allowed to meet the challenge and to appropriately address the transparency problem. This paper introduces into the subject through a detailed outline of the transparency complexity of the food sector and the requirements on concepts and systems that could deal with it. This is followed by a presentation and discussion of a suitable concept, building on network elements of the Future Internet. The concept is based on a range of generic functionalities and system components that provide stability but also assure that the concept could easily be adapted to a broad range of sector scenarios in different product lines and food value chain organizations.
WASP-52b. The effect of starspot correction on atmospheric retrievals
Creators: name: Bruno, Giovanni
name: Lewis, Nikole K.
name: Alam, Munazza K.
name: López-Morales, Mercedes
name: Barstow, Joanna K.
name: Wakeford, Hannah R.
name: Sing, David
name: Henry, Gregory W.
name: Ballester, Gilda E.
name: Bourrier, Vincent
name: Buchhave, Lars A.
name: Cohen, Ofer
name: Mikal-Evans, Thomas
name: Muñoz, Antonio García
name: Lavvas, Panayotis
name: Sanz-Forcada, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform atmospheric retrievals on the full optical to infrared ($0.3-5 \, μ\mathrm{m}$) transmission spectrum of the inflated hot Jupiter WASP-52b by combining HST/STIS, WFC3 IR, and Spitzer/IRAC observations. As WASP-52 is an active star which shows both out-of-transit photometric variability and starspot crossings during transits, we account for the contribution of non-occulted active regions in the retrieval. We recover a $0.1-10\times$ solar atmospheric composition, in agreement with core accretion predictions for giant planets, and a weak contribution of aerosols. We also obtain a $<3000$ K temperature for the starspots, a measure which is likely affected by the models used to fit instrumental effects in the transits, and a 5% starspot fractional coverage, compatible with expectations for the host star's spectral type. Such constraints on the planetary atmosphere and on the activity of its host star will inform future JWST GTO observations of this target.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, 1 table. Updated figure 5
Analyzing Human Questioning Behavior and Causal Curiosity through Natural Queries
Creators: name: Ceraolo, Roberto
name: Kharlapenko, Dmitrii
name: Khan, Ahmad
name: Reymond, Amélie
name: Mihalcea, Rada
name: Schölkopf, Bernhard
name: Sachan, Mrinmaya
name: Jin, Zhijing
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Machine Learning (stat.ML)
FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The recent development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has changed our role in interacting with them. Instead of primarily testing these models with questions we already know the answers to, we now use them to explore questions where the answers are unknown to us. This shift, which hasn't been fully addressed in existing datasets, highlights the growing need to understand naturally occurring human questions - that are more complex, open-ended, and reflective of real-world needs. To this end, we present NatQuest, a collection of 13,500 naturally occurring questions from three diverse sources: human-to-search-engine queries, human-to-human interactions, and human-to-LLM conversations. Our comprehensive collection enables a rich understanding of human curiosity across various domains and contexts. Our analysis reveals a significant presence of causal questions (up to 42%) within the dataset, for which we develop an iterative prompt improvement framework to identify all causal queries, and examine their unique linguistic properties, cognitive complexity, and source distribution. We also lay the groundwork to explore LLM performance on these questions and provide six efficient classification models to identify causal questions at scale for future work.
description: arXiv
Investigating three qubit entanglement with local measurements
Creators: name: Gühne, Otfried
name: Hyllus, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we describe how three qubit entanglement can be analyzed with local measurements. For this purpose we decompose entanglement witnesses into operators which can be measured locally. Our decompositions are optimized in the number of measurement settings needed for the measurement of one witness. Our method allows to detect true threepartite entanglement and especially GHZ-states with only four measurement settings.
description: 11 pages and one figure, submitted to the proceedings of the conference "QCS 2002" in Ustron (Poland). v2: Equation (25) corrected
Classical antennae, quantum emitters, and densities of optical states
Creators: name: Barnes, William L
name: Horsley, Simon A R
name: Vos, Willem L
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a pedagogical introduction to the concept of the local density of optical states (LDOS), illustrating its application to both the classical and quantum theory of radiation. We show that the LDOS governs the efficiency of a macroscopic classical antenna, determining how the antenna's emission depends on its environment. The LDOS is shown to similarly modify the spontaneous emission rate of a quantum emitter, such as an excited atom, molecule, ion, or quantum dot that is embedded in a nanostructured optical environment. The difference between the number density of optical states, the local density of optical states, and the partial local density of optical states is elaborated and examples are provided for each density of states to illustrate where these are required. We illustrate the universal effect of the LDOS on emission by comparing systems with emission wavelengths that differ by more than 5 orders of magnitude, and systems whose decay rates differ by more than 5 orders of magnitude. To conclude we discuss and resolve an apparent difference between the classical and quantum expressions for the spontaneous emission rate that often seems to be overlooked, and discuss the experimental determination of the LDOS.
description: 80 pages, 19 figures
The Competitiveness of Rural Areas in the Republic of Tatarstan
Creators: name: Sitdikova, Landysh
name: Heijman, Wim
name: Ophemu, Johan Van
name: Sitdikova, Landysh
name: Heijman, Wim
name: Ophemu, Johan Van
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: regional competitiveness
subject: rural development
subject: agrarian areas
subject: Tatarstan Republic

description: This paper analyses the main factors influencing the regional competitiveness of rural areas in the Tatarstan Republic. Firstly, 19 variables related to the socio-economic situation in the Tatarstan Republic were analysed, these having been taken from the Statistics Committee of the Tatarstan Republic. Principal component analysis (PCA) was then used to determine the weights of 10 indicators that have an effect on the level of regional competitiveness. Factor weights are used as weights in the summation of the standardised scores of variables that have an impact on competitiveness. The major factors influencing the level of regional competitiveness are the level of economically active population, investment in housing and the level of education. The following results were obtained: one of the 44 regions is very highly competitive and two are highly competitive; two of 44 regions have a medium level of competitiveness and 39 regions have a low level of competitiveness.