cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Genetic analysis of SOX2 function in mouse neural progenitors
Creators: name: Taranova, Olena V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Cells of the nervous tissue that preserve the capacity to divide and differentiate in neurons and glia are defined as neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Within central nervous system (CNS) the NPCs express SOX2, a protein of SoxB1 subgroup of HMG-box superfamily of transcription factors. To address function of SOX2 in vivo we used gene targeting in embryonic stem cells to engineer a conditional null (Sox2cond) and two hypomorphic (Sox2IR and Sox2lP) alleles of the mouse gene. Sox2cond allows removal of the SOX2 coding sequence using CRE recombinase while Sox2IR and Sox2lP alleles sustain gene expression at 20-40% and 15-30%, respectively, of the level in wild-type mice. To address the development of NPCs in vivo we focused on mouse retina, an essential part of the vision system. As an isolated and well-defined structure of CNS, retina became a well-characterized model for studies of molecular mechanisms of neurogenesis. Conditional ablation of Sox2 in the mouse retina results in the complete loss of neural progenitor competence, so that Sox2-null cells do not contribute to the dividing progenitor population and do not differentiate into neurons or glia. Lowering the levels of Sox2 expression below 50%, achieved in compound hypomorphic-null animals restricts the capacity of retinal NPCs, resulting in aberrant neuronal differentiation evident from disruption of retinal nuclear laminas and malformed neuritic connections. Our findings demonstrate furthermore that SOX2 activity has wide effect on gene expression. In particular it is required for expression of proneural genes and, in a concentration dependent manner, Notch pathway genes in retinal progenitors. Collectively, these studies reveal an essential dosage-sensitive regulation of neural progenitor competence by SOX2. We show here that SOX2 is uniquely required for mouse retina development. SOX2 is mutated in about 10% of anophthalmia or severe microphthalmia cases in humans (Fantes, Ragge et al. 2003). The current study demonstrates a similar phenotype in Sox2 mutant mice, hence, supplying a mouse model for the analysis of developmental defects in SOX2 anophthalmia syndrome.
Fixed-Dimensional and Permutation Invariant State Representation of Autonomous Driving
Creators: name: Duan, Jingliang
name: Yu, Dongjie
name: Li, Shengbo Eben
name: Wang, Wenxuan
name: Ren, Yangang
name: Lin, Ziyu
name: Cheng, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we propose a new state representation method, called encoding sum and concatenation (ESC), for the state representation of decision-making in autonomous driving. Unlike existing state representation methods, ESC is applicable to a variable number of surrounding vehicles and eliminates the need for manually pre-designed sorting rules, leading to higher representation ability and generality. The proposed ESC method introduces a representation neural network (NN) to encode each surrounding vehicle into an encoding vector, and then adds these vectors to obtain the representation vector of the set of surrounding vehicles. By concatenating the set representation with other variables, such as indicators of the ego vehicle and road, we realize the fixed-dimensional and permutation invariant state representation. This paper has further proved that the proposed ESC method can realize the injective representation if the output dimension of the representation NN is greater than the number of variables of all surrounding vehicles. This means that by taking the ESC representation as policy inputs, we can find the nearly optimal representation NN and policy NN by simultaneously optimizing them using gradient-based updating. Experiments demonstrate that compared with the fixed-permutation representation method, the proposed method improves the representation ability of the surrounding vehicles, and the corresponding approximation error is reduced by 62.2%.
Home Literacy Practices at 36 Months and Children's Concurrent and Later Language and Literacy Skills for Families Living in Rural Areas of High Poverty
Creators: name: Zgourou, Eleni
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Home literacy practices are important for child language and literacy skills. Most studies, however, focus on families living in urban or suburban areas; yet, little is known about the role of home literacy practices in child language and literacy skills for families living in high-poverty rural communities. The present study examined the associations between home literacy practices at 36 months of age and child language and literacy skills at 36 months, in prekindergarten, and in kindergarten for families residing in high-poverty rural areas. Three types of home literacy practices were examined: child literacy practices, parent literacy practices, and parent-child literacy practices. Results indicated that only the child literacy practices at 36 months were positively associated with child language and literacy skills in all three time points. Implications for practice, policy, and future research are discussed.
Global smooth solutions of MHD equations with large data
Creators: name: Lin, Yurui
name: Zhang, Huali
name: Zhou, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we establish the global existence of smooth solutions of the three-dimensional MHD system for a class of large initial data. Both the initial velocity and magnetic field can be arbitrarily large in the critical norm.
description: This paper was published in JDE in 2016, but there is a small mistake in the original paper which is now corrected in this version. We would like to thank Prof. Chemin for pointing out this mistake to us
Supervision for Designated Safeguarding Leads scale-up
Creators: name: Stokes, Lucy
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This evaluation aims to establish the impact of providing supervision for Designated Safeguarding Leads (DSLs) in secondary schools in Greater Manchester. The evaluation comprises a randomised controlled trial, along with an implementation and process evaluation, and analysis of costs.
Longitudinal epidemiology of pain severity and interference among women with metastatic breast cancer
Creators: name: Castel, Liana D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Knowledge is limited about risk factors for cancer pain experienced over the course of disease in specific tumor types. In this study, we assessed pain hazards using data originally collected over 51 weeks in a clinical trial among 1,124 women with metastatic breast cancer; pain was measured by the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) severity and interference with daily living 0-10 subscales. Under a continuous time assumption, we conducted univariate (per-cutpoint) and multivariate (cutpoints 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 on the BPI) proportional hazards analyses to estimate effects of baseline characteristics on pain hazards. For the severity scale, compared with Caucasian race, non-Caucasian race was associated with 2.29 times the hazard of reaching severity cutpoint 7 versus 1.38 for cutpoint 3, all other covariates held constant. For the interference scale, compared with active baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status, restricted baseline ECOG status was associated with 2.97 times the hazard of reaching interference cutpoint 7 versus 2.00 for cutpoint 3. Under a categorical (interval-censored) time assumption, we used piecewise exponential models to estimate associations of baseline and time-dependent characteristics with "survival" rates for not yet reaching a score of 7 or above on each subscale, per 80-day interval. Estimated survival rates at the first interval were 0.92 for Caucasian women versus 0.80 for non-Caucasian women; for the interference scale, these rates were 0.80 versus 0.70, respectively. In subsequent intervals, rates declined similarly for Caucasian and non-Caucasian women, but for both pain outcomes, the cumulative survival rate for Caucasians in the last interval was still higher than that of non-Caucasians in the first interval. In confirming associations of ECOG performance status (both as a baseline and timedependent covariate) and race with pain hazards over time in metastatic breast cancer, our findings inform individualized prognoses for pain outcomes according to baseline patient attributes. Early intervention and more aggressive pain management strategies can be tailored to these personalized prognoses over the course of treatment, to delay first occurrence of higher pain scores among those at greatest risk. Future research should specifically target potential sources of racial disparities in cancer pain.
Self Paced Deep Learning for Weakly Supervised Object Detection
Creators: name: Sangineto, Enver
name: Nabi, Moin
name: Culibrk, Dubravko
name: Sebe, Nicu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In a weakly-supervised scenario object detectors need to be trained using image-level annotation alone. Since bounding-box-level ground truth is not available, most of the solutions proposed so far are based on an iterative, Multiple Instance Learning framework in which the current classifier is used to select the highest-confidence boxes in each image, which are treated as pseudo-ground truth in the next training iteration. However, the errors of an immature classifier can make the process drift, usually introducing many of false positives in the training dataset. To alleviate this problem, we propose in this paper a training protocol based on the self-paced learning paradigm. The main idea is to iteratively select a subset of images and boxes that are the most reliable, and use them for training. While in the past few years similar strategies have been adopted for SVMs and other classifiers, we are the first showing that a self-paced approach can be used with deep-network-based classifiers in an end-to-end training pipeline. The method we propose is built on the fully-supervised Fast-RCNN architecture and can be applied to similar architectures which represent the input image as a bag of boxes. We show state-of-the-art results on Pascal VOC 2007, Pascal VOC 2010 and ILSVRC 2013. On ILSVRC 2013 our results based on a low-capacity AlexNet network outperform even those weakly-supervised approaches which are based on much higher-capacity networks.
description: To appear at IEEE Transactions on PAMI
TDOS Quantum Mechanical visual analysis for single molecules
Creators: name: Contreras, P.
name: Seijas, L.
name: Osorio, Dianela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: physics.chem-ph

description: We have analyzed with pedagogical purposes the relation of the total densities of states (TDOS/PDOS/OPDOS) and molecular orbital diagrams (MOD) for single and isolated molecules of Water and Nitrogen. We use a calculation level HF/6-311G, spreading the energy eigenvalues around the TDOS spikes and using the Mulliken visual analysis in Multiwfn to showcase our findings. We discuss the possibility to use these electrons orbit population diagrams, in conjunction with the more intuitive MOD diagrams to teach the Quantum Mechanics of simple molecular isolated structures.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, English language annotations to the second version
On smooth manifolds with homotopy type of a homology sphere
Creators: name: Erdal, Mehmet Akif
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57Q20 (Primary) 55Q45 (Secondary)

description: In this paper we study $\mathcal M(X)$, the set of diffeomorphism classes of smooth manifolds with the simple homotopy type of $X$, via a map $Ψ$ from $\mathcal M(X)$ into the quotient of $K(X)=[X,BSO]$ by the action of the group of homotopy classes of simple self equivalences of $X$. The map $Ψ$ describes which bundles over $X$ can occur as normal bundles of manifolds in $\mathcal M(X)$. We determine the image of $Ψ$ when $X$ belongs to a certain class of homology spheres. In particular, we find conditions on elements of $K(X)$ that guarantee they are pullbacks of normal bundles of manifolds in $\mathcal M(X)$.
description: 10 pages, This is the preprint of an article published in "Topology and its Applications"
Distribution dependent SDEs driven by additive continuous noise
Creators: name: Galeati, Lucio
name: Harang, Fabian A.
name: Mayorcas, Avi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 60H10, 60F15, Secondary: 60K35, 34F05

description: We study distribution dependent stochastic differential equation driven by a continuous process, without any specification on its law, following the approach initiated in [16]. We provide several criteria for existence and uniqueness of solutions which go beyond the classical globally Lipschitz setting. In particular we show well-posedness of the equation, as well as almost sure convergence of the associated particle system, for drifts satisfying either Osgood-continuity, monotonicity, local Lipschitz or Sobolev differentiability type assumptions.
description: 39 pages
Why Firewalls Need Not Exist
Creators: name: Nomura, Yasunori
name: Salzetta, Nico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The firewall paradox for black holes is often viewed as indicating a conflict between unitarity and the equivalence principle. We elucidate how the paradox manifests as a limitation of semiclassical theory, rather than presents a conflict between fundamental principles. Two principal features of the fundamental and semiclassical theories address two versions of the paradox: the entanglement and typicality arguments. First, the physical Hilbert space describing excitations on a fixed black hole background in the semiclassical theory is exponentially smaller than the number of physical states in the fundamental theory of quantum gravity. Second, in addition to the Hilbert space for physical excitations, the semiclassical theory possesses an unphysically large Fock space built by creation and annihilation operators on the fixed black hole background. Understanding these features not only eliminates the necessity of firewalls but also leads to a new picture of Hawking emission contrasting pair creation at the horizon.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures; v2: revised discussion on the number of configurations for semiclassical excitations, conclusion unchanged; v3: minor edits, to appear in Phys. Lett. B
Does the Venue of Scientific Conferences Leverage their Impact? A Large Scale study on Computer Science Conferences
Creators: name: Bedogni, Luca
name: Cabri, Giacomo
name: Martoglia, Riccardo
name: Poggi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background: Conferences bring scientists together and provide one of the most timely means for disseminating new ideas and cutting-edge works.The importance of conferences in scientific areas is testified by quantitative indicators. In Computer Science, for instance, almost two out of three papers published on Scopus are conference papers. Objective/Purpose: The main goal of this paper is to investigate a novel research question: is there any correlation between the impact of a scientific conference and the venue where it took place? Approach: In order to measure the impact of conferences we conducted a large scale analysis on the bibliographic data extracted from 3,838 Computer Science conference series and over 2.5 million papers spanning more than 30 years of research. To quantify the "touristicity" of a venue we exploited some indicators such as the size of the Wikipedia page for the city hosting the venue and other indexes from reports of the World Economic Forum. Results/Findings: We found out that the two aspects are related, and the correlation with conference impact is stronger when considering country-wide touristic indicators, such as the Travel&Tourism Competitiveness Index. More-over the almost linear correlation with the Tourist Service Infrastructure index attests the specific importance of tourist/accommodation facilities in a given country. Conclusions: This is the first attempt to focus on the relationship of venue characteristics to conference papers. The results open up new possibilities, such as allowing conference organizers and authors to estimate in advance the impact of conferences, thus supporting them in their decisions.
On gauged maximal d=8 supergravities
Creators: name: Andino, Oscar Lasso
name: Ortin, Tomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the gauging of maximal $d=8$ supergravity using the embedding tensor formalism. We focus on SO$(3)$ gaugings, study all the possible choices of gauge fields and construct explicitly the bosonic actions (including the complicated Chern-Simons terms) for all these choices, which are parametrized by a parameter associated to the 8-dimensional SL$(2,\mathbb{R})$ duality group that relates all the possible choices which are, ultimately, equivalent from the purely 8-dimensional point of view. Our result proves that the theory constructed by Salam and Sezgin by Scherk-Schwarz compactification of $d=11$ supergravity and the theory constructed in Ref.~\cite{AlonsoAlberca:2000gh} by dimensional reduction of the so called ``massive 11-dimensional supergravity'' proposed by Meessen and Ort\'ın in Ref.~\cite{Meessen:1998qm} are indeed related by an SL$(2,\mathbb{R})$ duality even though they have two completely different 11-dimensional origins.
description: 28 pages
Revealing Chern number from quantum metric
Creators: name: Zhang, Anwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chern number is usually characterized by Berry curvature. Here, by investigating the Dirac model of even-dimensional Chern insulator, we give the general relation between Berry curvature and quantum metric, which indicates that the Chern number can be encoded in quantum metric as well as the surface area of the Brillouin zone on the hypersphere embedded in Euclidean parameter space. We find that there is a corresponding relationship between the quantum metric and the metric on such hypersphere. We show the geometrical property of quantum metric. Besides, we give a protocol to measure the quantum metric in the degenerate system.
description: 5pages,2figures
Additional file 1 of Quality indices for topic model selection and evaluation: a literature review and case study
Creators: name: Meaney, Christopher
name: Stukel, Therese A.
name: Austin, Peter C.
name: Moineddin, Rahim
name: Greiver, Michelle
name: Escobar, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
classificationCode: 39999
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 80699
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Appendix A and B.
Quantum cluster approach to the topological invariants in correlated Chern insulators
Creators: name: Gu, Zhao-Long
name: Li, Kai
name: Li, Jian-Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We detect the topological properties of Chern insulators with strong Coulomb interactions by use of cluster perturbation theory and variational cluster approach. The common scheme in previous studies only involves the calculation of the interacting bulk Chern number within the natural unit cell by means of the so-called topological Hamiltonian. With close investigations on a prototype model, the half-filled Haldane Hubbard model, which is subject to both periodic and open boundary conditions, we uncover the unexpected failure of this scheme due to the explicit breaking of the translation symmetry. Instead, we assert that the faithful interacting bulk Chern number in the framework of quantum cluster approaches can be computed in the enlarged unit cell, which is free of the fault caused by the explicit translation symmetry breaking and consistent with the interacting bulk-edge correspondence.
A Study of Prostate Cancer by Using Single-Voxel and Hadamard Multi-Voxel 2D Localized COSY and JPRESS MR Spectroscopy Techniques
Creators: name: Liu, Hui
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the western countries. It grows indolently and can take more than 10 years to turn deadly. Currently no imaging methods can provide both high sensitivity and specificity for prostate cancer detection and characterization. 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique, which can provide biochemical information of the prostate gland. (Choline + Creatine)/ Citrate ratio is widely used as a criterion for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The specificity of multi-voxel 1D* 1H MRS is still limited due to the severe overlap of 1D* 1H MRS spectrum and voxel bleeding artifacts. Two-dimensional 1H MRS, which spreads the metabolite resonance peaks on a two-spectral dimensional surface, can help to differentiate most of the overlapping resonance peaks compared to conventional 1D* MRS spectrum. In the present study, a Hadamard multi-voxel 2D* localized COrrelated SpectroscopY (COSY) MRS technique was developed and implemented on a whole-body 4T MR system. The combination of localized 2D* 1H MR correlation spectroscopy and Hadamard encoding enables the simultaneous acquisition of multiple volumes of interest with the benefits of improved spectral resolution, increased SNR without an increase in the experimental duration, and with limited voxel bleeding compared to 1D* CSI acquisition. Most of the metabolites were measured without contamination of other resonances. The developed technique solves the severe resonances overlap problem in 1D* 1H MR spectra and offers multi-regional analysis of MRS due to the multi-focal and heterogeneous nature of prostate adeno-carcinoma, which can be easily overlooked by a single-voxel based MR spectroscopy method. By using this technique, more metabolites can be identified and additional information about the metabolites can be gained from the extended 2D* MRS spectra. This offers an opportunity to accurately follow up the metabolism in vivo. New biomarker of prostate cancer -polyamine spermine resonances are very well-resolved in 2D* L-COSY spectra and can be traced longitudinally by its cross-peaks for chemoprevention research of prostate cancer. 2D* Localized J-resolved Pointed RESolved Spectroscopy (JPRESS) MRS technique was also implemented to compare it with the 2D* L-COSY technique. The advantages and disadvantages of both techniques are thoroughly investigated.
Surfing the interzones: posthuman geographies in twentieth century literature and film
Creators: name: McAulay, Alex
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: This dissertation presents an analysis of posthuman texts through a discussion of posthuman landscapes, bodies, and communities in literature and film. In the introduction, I explore and situate the relatively recent term posthuman in relation to definitions proposed by other theorists, including N. Katherine Hayles, Donna Haraway, Judith Halberstam and Ira Livingston, Hans Moravec, Max More, and Francis Fukuyama. I position the posthuman as being primarily celebratory about the collapse of restrictive human boundaries such as gender and race, yet also containing within it more disturbing elements of the uncanny and apocalyptic. My project deals primarily with hybrid texts, in which the posthuman intersects and overlaps with other posts, including postmodernism and postcolonialism. In the first chapter, I examine the novels comprising J.G. Ballard's disaster series, and apply Bakhtin's theories of hybridization, and Deleuze and Guattari's notions of voyagings, becomings, and bodies without organs to delineate the elements that constitute a posthuman landscape. In the second chapter, I address Andy Warhol, Valerie Solanas, and Werner Herzog in terms of issues of identity, mechanization, and replication with regards to the posthuman. In chapter three, I turn to posthuman cinema, and apply the notion of the cyborg to the work of David Lynch, as well as delineate the elements that constitute a posthuman film through a discussion of the Danish Dogme 95 film movement. In chapter four, I extend my discussion of modified bodies to address texts by Iain Banks and Angela Carter in terms of gender disruptions and new myths for the posthuman age. The final chapter, Second Life vs. The Mole People, examines both the optimism that the posthuman provides and also th tangible, social cost of the posthuman, through a juxtaposition of the elite metaverse of Second Life with the homeless subway tunnel dwellers in New York City, termed the mole people.
Additional file 1 of Self-reported delays in care-seeking in West Africa during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Conboy, Natalie E.
name: Nickow, Andre
name: Awoonor-Williams, John Koku
name: Hirschhorn, Lisa R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Appendix A. Consort diagrams for data collection, by country. Figure 1. Consort diagram for Burkina Faso. Figure 2. Consort diagram for Ghana. Figure 3. Consort diagram for Sierra Leone.
Additional file 2 of Self-reported delays in care-seeking in West Africa during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Conboy, Natalie E.
name: Nickow, Andre
name: Awoonor-Williams, John Koku
name: Hirschhorn, Lisa R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Appendix B. Unadjusted bivariate and multivariate analyses by country. Table 4. Unadjusted bivariate analyses, by country, of sociodemographic information, COVID-19 perceptions, food insecurity, and self-reported delays in care-seeking using chi-square tests. Table 5. Unadjusted multivariate logistic regression of associations of delays in care-seeking with sociodemographic information, COVID-19 beliefs, income, and food insecurity, by country. Table 6. Unadjusted bivariate country analyses of self-reported reasons for delays in care-seeking and access, sociodemographic information, and food insecurity among individuals who reported delays in care-seeking.
Optical switching and bistability in a four-level atomic systems
Creators: name: Kumar, Pardeep
name: Dasgupta, Shubhrangshu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the coherent control of nonlinear absorption of intense laser fields in four-level atomic systems. For instance, in a four-level ladder system, a coupling field creates electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with Aulter-Townes doublet for the probe field while the control field is absent. A large absorption peak appears at resonance as the control field is switched on. We show how such a large absorption leads to optical switching. Further, this large absorption gets diminished and a transparency window appears due to the saturation effects as the strength of the probe field is increased. We further demonstrate that the threshold of the optical bistability can be modified by suitable choices of the coupling and the control fields. In a four-level Y-type configuration, the effect of the control field on saturable absorption (SA) and reverse saturable absorption (RSA) is highlighted in the context of nonlinear absorption of the probe field. We achieve RSA and SA in a simple atomic system just by applying a control field.
UAV Swarm Path Planning with Reinforcement Learning for Field prospecting
Creators: name: Puente-Castro, Alejandro
name: Rivero, Daniel
name: Pazos, Alejandro
name: Fernandez-Blanco, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarms adoption shows a steady growth among operators due to the benefits in time and cost arisen from their use. However, this kind of system faces an important problem which is the calculation of many optimal paths for each UAV. Solving this problem would allow a to control many UAVs without human intervention at the same time while saving battery between recharges and performing several tasks simultaneously. The main aim is to develop a system capable of calculating the optimal flight path for a UAV swarm. The aim of these paths is to achieve full coverage of a flight area for tasks such as field prospection. All this, regardless of the size of maps and the number of UAVs in the swarm. It is not necessary to establish targets or any other previous knowledge other than the given map. Experiments have been conducted to determine whether it is optimal to establish a single control for all UAVs in the swarm or a control for each UAV. The results show that it is better to use one control for all UAVs because of the shorter flight time. In addition, the flight time is greatly affected by the size of the map. The results give starting points for future research such as finding the optimal map size for each situation.
Hook formulas for skew shapes I. $q$-analogues and bijections
Creators: name: Morales, Alejandro
name: Pak, Igor
name: Panova, Greta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The celebrated hook-length formula gives a product formula for the number of standard Young tableaux of a straight shape. In 2014, Naruse announced a more general formula for the number of standard Young tableaux of skew shapes as a positive sum over excited diagrams of products of hook-lengths. We give an algebraic and a combinatorial proof of Naruse's formula, by using factorial Schur functions and a generalization of the Hillman--Grassl correspondence, respectively. The main new results are two different $q$-analogues of Naruse's formula: for the skew Schur functions, and for counting reverse plane partitions of skew shapes. We establish explicit bijections between these objects and families of integer arrays with certain nonzero entries, which also proves the second formula.
description: This is the main part of the first version of "Hook formulas for skew shapes". It contains the statements and proofs, and comparison with other formulas. The relations with q-Euler numbers and Dyck paths are now part of "Hook formulas for skew shapes II". v4. Typos and edits fixed, v5. fixed minor typos in Prop. 4.6, clarified definition of flagged tableaux before Prop. 3.5
Chronic Inflammation in Sickle Cell Disease: Potential Role of Platelets and the Inflammatory Mediator CD40L
Creators: name: Lee, Sheritha P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Chronic inflammation is a poorly understood, but problematic, manisfestation of sickle cell disease (SCD). The potent inflammatory mediator CD40L increases leukocyte proliferation, endothelial adhesiveness and procoagulant activity once it is exposed and released from encrypted sites following platelet activation. Since elevated leukocyte counts, adhesion and coagulation are associated with more clinically severe courses of SCD along with platelets that are more activated than normal, platelet CD40L is hypothesized to be an important mediator of inflammation in SCD. Data shown here indicate that CD40L is thirty-fold higher in SCD plasma but significantly reduced in SCD platelets. SCD plasma induces B cell proliferation, endothelial activation and procoagulant tissue factor production, all in a manner partially dependent on recognition of CD40L. When CD40L activity was blocked in a mouse model of SCD, lung, liver and kidney pathology was demonstrably reduced. More dramatically, anti-CD40L treatment of SCD mice prevented the architectural disruption and drastic enlargement of the spleen that is characteristic of SCD. These data suggest that functional CD40L is available and likely mediates inflammation in SCD. Furthermore, in a phase I clinical trial, the αIIbβ3 antagonist eptifibatide reduced plasma CD40L, favorably altered the inflammatory cytokine profile of SCD plasma and was well-tolerated by SCD patients. This study provides the first evidence that inflammation and organ pathology in SCD are mediated by plateletderived CD40L. Since plasma CD40L can be safely reduced by anti-platelet medication, we identify both CD40L and platelets as potential therapeutic targets to treat SCD.
Additional file 1 of Optimizing expression of Nanobody® molecules in Pichia pastoris through co-expression of auxiliary proteins under methanol and methanol-free conditions
Creators: name: De Groeve, Manu
name: Laukens, Bram
name: Schotte, Peter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
classificationCode: 39999
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: SDS-PAGE analysis of 5 Nanobody molecules (D, E, F, G and H) used to benchmark the methanol-free platform. The Nanobody formats were expressed in the methanol-based system co-expressing RPP0, KAR2, PDI1 and HAC1 (“NRRL Y-11430+RPP0+KAR2+PDI+HAC1”) and compared with the methanol-free system using the wild-type P. pastoris (“NRRL Y-11430 MeOH-free”) and the methanol-free platform strain co-expressing HAC1 (“NRRL Y-11430+HAC1 MeOH-free”). An asterisk (*) marks the band corresponding to each Nanobody format. Indicated titers as measured in the cell broth by PA-HPLC are shown at the bottom of the figure.
Additional file 1 of Safety, efficacy, and survival of drug-eluting beads-transarterial chemoembolization vs. conventional-transarterial chemoembolization in advanced HCC patients with main portal vein tumor thrombus
Creators: name: Chen, Junwei
name: Lai, Lisha
name: Zhou, Churen
name: Luo, Junyang
name: Wang, Haofan
name: Li, Mingan
name: Huang, Mingsheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
CONFORMAL PERTURBATIONS AND LOCAL SMOOTHING
Creators: name: Muckerman, Dylan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of conformal perturbations on the local
      smoothing effect for the Schrödinger equation on surfaces of revolution. The paper [CW13]
      studied the Schrödinger equation on surfaces of revolution with one trapped orbit. The
      dynamics near this trapping were unstable, but degenerately so. Beginning from the metric
      g from these papers, we consider the perturbed metric g_s = e^sf g, where f is a smooth,
      compactly supported function. If s is small enough and finitely many derivatives of f satisfy
      an appropriate bound, then we show that a local smoothing estimate still holds.
Entanglement and extreme spin squeezing of unpolarized states
Creators: name: Vitagliano, Giuseppe
name: Apellaniz, Iagoba
name: Kleinmann, Matthias
name: Lücke, Bernd
name: Klempt, Carsten
name: Toth, Geza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present criteria to detect the depth of entanglement in macroscopic ensembles of spin-j particles using the variance and second moments of the collective spin components. The class of states detected goes beyond traditional spin-squeezed states by including Dicke states and other unpolarized states. The criteria derived are easy to evaluate numerically even for systems of very many particles and outperform past approaches, especially in practical situations where noise is present. We also derive analytic lower bounds based on the linearization of our criteria, which make it possible to define spin-squeezing parameters for Dicke states. In addition, we obtain spin squeezing parameters also from the condition derived in [A. S. Sorensen and K. Molmer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4431 (2001)]. We also extend our results to systems with fluctuating number of particles.
description: 18 pages including 4 figures; v2: published version
Bott-Taubes-Vassiliev cohomology classes by cut-and-paste topology
Creators: name: Koytcheff, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58D10, 55R80, 81Q30, 57M27, 55R12

description: Bott and Taubes used integrals over configuration spaces to produce finite-type a.k.a. Vassiliev knot invariants. Cattaneo, Cotta-Ramusino and Longoni then used these methods together with graph cohomology to construct "Vassiliev classes" in the real cohomology of spaces of knots in higher-dimensional Euclidean spaces, as first promised by Kontsevich. Here we construct integer-valued cohomology classes in spaces of knots and links in Euclidean spaces of dimension greater than three. We construct such a class for any integer-valued graph cocycle, by the method of gluing compactified configuration spaces. Our classes form the integer lattice among the previously discovered real cohomology classes. Thus we obtain nontrivial classes from trivalent graph cocycles. Our methods generalize to yield mod-p classes out of mod-p graph cocycles, which need not be reductions of classes over the integers.
description: Most significant revisions from v4: corrected Main Theorem statement by an integer factor; expanded material on pushforward and its relation to fiber integration for glued manifolds; replaced cellular treatment of fundamental class by homological treatment; and added material on blowups, neatness, and mutual transversality. 48 pages, 4+ figures. Accepted for publication in Internat. J. Math
Measurement of event-shape observables in $Z \to \ell^{+} \ell^{-}$ events in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Event-shape observables measured using charged particles in inclusive $Z$-boson events are presented, using the electron and muon decay modes of the $Z$ bosons. The measurements are based on an integrated luminosity of $1.1 {\rm fb}^{-1}$ of proton--proton collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. Charged-particle distributions, excluding the lepton--antilepton pair from the $Z$-boson decay, are measured in different ranges of transverse momentum of the $Z$ boson. Distributions include multiplicity, scalar sum of transverse momenta, beam thrust, transverse thrust, spherocity, and $\mathcal{F}$-parameter, which are in particular sensitive to properties of the underlying event at small values of the $Z$-boson transverse momentum. The Sherpa event generator shows larger deviations from the measured observables than Pythia8 and Herwig7. Typically, all three Monte Carlo generators provide predictions that are in better agreement with the data at high $Z$-boson transverse momenta than at low $Z$-boson transverse momenta and for the observables that are less sensitive to the number of charged particles in the event.
description: 36 pages plus author list + cover page (54 pages total), 14 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2014-07
Structural and Biochemical Characterization of CIB1
Creators: name: Gentry, Holly
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: CIB1 (CIB) is an EF-hand containing protein that binds the platelet αIIbβ3 integrin and several serine/threonine kinases to modulate their functions. The crystal structure for Ca2+-bound CIB1 has been determined at 2.0 Å resolution and reveals a compact α-helical protein containing four EF-hands, the last two of which bind calcium ions. CIB1 shares high structural similarity with calcineurin B (CnB) and the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) family of EF-hand containing proteins. Most importantly, like CnB and NCS proteins, which possess a large hydrophobic pocket necessary for ligand binding, CIB1 contains a hydrophobic pocket that has been implicated in ligand binding by previous mutational analysis and NMR data. However, unlike several NCS proteins, Ca2+-bound CIB1 is largely monomeric whether bound to a relevant peptide ligand or ligand-free. Differences in structure, oligomeric state, and phylogeny define a new family of CIB1-related proteins that extends from arthropods to humans. In addition to binding αIIbβ3, CIB1 binds additional α integrins, including α2, α4, α5, αL, and αM with micromolar affinities. CIB1 inhibits agonist-induced activation of αIIbβ3, and future work will determine if CIB1 affects the activation states of these additional binding partners.
Geometric U-folds in four dimensions
Creators: name: Lazaroiu, C. I.
name: Shahbazi, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We describe a construction of geometric U-folds compatible with a non-trivial extension of the global formulation of four-dimensional extended supergravity on a differentiable spin manifold. The topology of geometric U-folds depends on certain flat fiber bundles which encode how supergravity fields are globally glued together. We show that smooth non-trivial U-folds of this type can exist only in theories where both the scalar and space-time manifolds have non-trivial fundamental group and in addition, the scalar map of the solution is homotopically non-trivial. Consistency with string theory requires smooth geometric U-folds to be glued using subgroups of the effective discrete U-duality group, implying that the fundamental group of the scalar manifold of such solutions must be a subgroup of the latter. We construct simple examples of geometric U-folds in a generalization of the axion-dilaton model of $\mathcal{N}=2$ supergravity coupled to a single vector multiplet, whose scalar manifold is a generally non-compact Riemann surface of genus at least two endowed with its uniformizing metric. We also discuss the relation between geometric U-folds and a moduli space of flat connections defined on the scalar manifold, which involves certain character varieties not studied in the literature.
description: 10 pages. Conclusions and references added. Exposition improved
Traversable Wormholes in General Relativity
Creators: name: Konoplya, R. A.
name: Zhidenko, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In [J. Blazquez-Salcedo, C. Knoll, E. Radu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 (2021) no.10, 101102] asymptotically flat traversable wormhole solutions were obtained in the Einstein-Dirac-Maxwell theory without using phantom matter. The normalizable numerical solutions found therein require a peculiar behavior at the throat: the mirror symmetry relatively the throat leads to the nonsmoothness of gravitational and matter fields. In particular, one must postulate changing of the sign of the fermionic charge density at the throat, requiring coexistence of particle and antiparticles without annihilation and posing a membrane of matter at the throat with specific properties. Apparently this kind of configuration could not exist in nature. We show that there are wormhole solutions, which are asymmetric relative the throat and endowed by smooth gravitational and matter fields, thereby being free from all the above problems. This indicates that such wormhole configurations could also be supported in a realistic scenario.
description: (title changed)
Additional file 1 of Quantification of identifying cognitive impairment using olfactory-stimulated functional near-infrared spectroscopy with machine learning: a post hoc analysis of a diagnostic trial and validation of an external additional trial
Creators: name: Kim, Jaewon
name: Lee, Hayeon
name: Lee, Jinseok
name: Rhee, Sang Youl
name: Shin, Jae Il
name: Lee, Seung Won
name: Cho, Wonyoung
name: Min, Chanyang
name: Kwon, Rosie
name: Kim, Jae Gwan
name: Yon, Dong Keon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 80699
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
classificationCode: 111714
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. The changes in AUROC with an increase in the number of features: (a) the classification of MCI-AD and CN and (b) the classification of MCI and CN. Figure S2. SHAP values from all 11 features: (a) the classification of MCI-AD and CN and (b) the classification of MCI and CN. Table S1. Baseline characteristics of participants at enrollment (additional trial n = 36). Table S2. The changes in accuracy with an increase in the number of features were examined in the MCI-AD dementia and CN groups. Table S3. The changes in accuracy with an increase in the number of features were examined in the MCI and CN groups. Table S4. Results of stacking techniques applied to ensemble-based models for MCI-AD and CN classification. Table S5. Mini-Mental State Examination for correlation with the AD diagnosis.