cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ageing at the Spin-Glass/Ferromagnet Transition: Monte Carlo Simulation using GPUs
Creators: name: Manssen, Markus
name: Hartmann, Alexander K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the the non-equilibrium ageing behaviour of the +/-J Edwards-Anderson model in three dimensions for samples of size up to N=128^3 and for up to 10^8 Monte Carlo sweeps. In particular we are interested in the change of the ageing when crossing from the spin-glass phase to the ferromagnetic phase. The necessary long simulation times are reached by employing a CUDA-based GPU implementation, which allows for single-spin flip times as small as 8ps. We measure typical spin glass correlation functions in space and time to determine the growing length scale and extract the constituting exponents. We observe a clear signature of the disorder-driven equilibrium transition in the non-equilibrium behavior.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
The Drive Smart Application
Creators: name: Hooi, Jackson Kar Wai
name: Poon, Russel Wei Quan
name: Chew, Poh Zun
name: Lau, Yi Ling Celeste
name: Kwok, Reina Sze Xuan
name: Guo, Huaqun
Publisher: name: Singapore Institute of Technology
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 469999
subject: Other information and computing sciences not elsewhere classified

description: This document details our team’s collaborative effort in developing a Tourist Bus Route Planner application by using the programming language, Python. The application aims to assist tourist bus companies offering transportation services from Changi Airport Terminal 3 to the respective hotels in finding the optimal travel route, by taking into consideration the distance travelled, Electronic Road Gantries (ERP) and ongoing roadworks. By leveraging real-time information, geographical data, data structures and advanced algorithms, the application can generate and include accurate and efficient navigation with minimal input from the application users.
The use of Moringa oleifera in ruminant feeding and its contribution to climate change mitigation
Creators: name: Amad, Abdulkarim Abdulmageed
name: Zentek, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: ruminants
subject: performance
subject: agroforestry
subject: climate change
subject: methane emission
subject: carbon dioxide mitigation
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Livestock production in developing countries faces several difficulties such as a general shortage of feed resources, regional availability, and quality. Climate change further exacerbates these problems, leading to a massive reduction in ruminant productivity. Therefore, there is a need for the use of adaptable and resilient forage plants that can also contribute to reducing greenhouse gases. The Moringa oleifera tree is well known as an agroforestry tree and has adapted to growing in harsh conditions. It produces a high amount of biomass in a short period and contains high levels of nutrients and biologically active components. All parts of the Moringa tree are valuable and have multiple benefits and applications. Therefore, Moringa oleifera has great potential and can be used as a forage crop, storing carbon dioxide (CO2) and improving ruminant performance and the livelihoods of farmers in the tropics. This article aimed to present the results and findings of studies related to the use of Moringa in ruminant feed (cattle, sheep, and goats) and its contribution to climate protection. Several studies highlighted that M. oleifera can be used as green fodder either individually or in combination with other crops or concentrate feeds to improve the performance of ruminants, such as the growth rate, milk yield, and milk constituents, without negatively impacting animal health. This improvement in performance could be attributed to the favorable nutrient content in M. oleifera, delivering proteins in conjunction with bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, glucosinolates, carotenoids, sterols, saponins, phenolic acids, tannins, and isothiocyanates. Furthermore, it has been shown that this plant can be produced in high yields and thus might be an excellent carbon dioxide sink to absorb and utilize carbon dioxide, reducing the anthropogenic load of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. In addition, feeding cattle and other ruminants with M. oleifera leaves or seeds significantly decreases ruminal methane emissions, which could contribute to adapting to climate-friendly farming. Thus, the use of Moringa can make a sustainable contribution to strengthening animal production, especially in countries with limited feed resources.
An Electromagnetic-Information-Theory Based Model for Efficient Characterization of MIMO Systems in Complex Space
Creators: name: Li, Ruifeng
name: Li, Da
name: Ma, Jinyan
name: Feng, Zhaoyang
name: Zhang, Ling
name: Tan, Shurun
name: Sha, Wei E. I.
name: Chen, Hongsheng
name: Li, Er-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: It is the pursuit of a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system to approach and even break the limit of channel capacity. However, it is always a big challenge to efficiently characterize the MIMO systems in complex space and get better propagation performance than the conventional MIMO systems considering only free space, which is important for guiding the power and phase allocation of antenna units. In this manuscript, an Electromagnetic-Information-Theory (EMIT) based model is developed for efficient characterization of MIMO systems in complex space. The group-T-matrix-based multiple scattering fast algorithm, the mode-decomposition-based characterization method, and their joint theoretical framework in complex space are discussed. Firstly, key informatics parameters in free electromagnetic space based on a dyadic Green's function are derived. Next, a novel group-T-matrix-based multiple scattering fast algorithm is developed to describe a representative inhomogeneous electromagnetic space. All the analytical results are validated by simulations. In addition, the complete form of the EMIT-based model is proposed to derive the informatics parameters frequently used in electromagnetic propagation, through integrating the mode analysis method with the dyadic Green's function matrix. Finally, as a proof-or-concept, microwave anechoic chamber measurements of a cylindrical array is performed, demonstrating the effectiveness of the EMIT-based model. Meanwhile, a case of image transmission with limited power is presented to illustrate how to use this EMIT-based model to guide the power and phase allocation of antenna units for real MIMO applications.
description: 13 pages, 14 figures
Detection and characterization of Io's atmosphere from high-resolution 4-μm spectroscopy
Creators: name: Lellouch, E.
name: Ali-Dib, M.
name: Jessup, K. -L.
name: Smette, A.
name: Käufl, H. -U.
name: Marchis, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on high-resolution and spatially-resolved spectra of Io in the 4.0 μm region, recorded with the VLT/CRIRES instrument in 2008 and 2010, which provide the first detection of the ν1 + ν3 band of SO2 in Io's atmosphere. Data are analyzed to constrain the latitudinal, longitudinal, and diurnal distribution of Io's SO2 atmosphere as well as its characteristic temperature. equatorial SO2 column densities clearly show longitudinal asymmetry, but with a maximum of around 1.5e17 cm-2 at central meridian longitude L = 200-220 and a minimum of around 3e16 cm-2 at L = 285-300, the longitudinal pattern somewhat differs from earlier inferences from Ly α and thermal IR measurements. Within the accuracy of the measurements, no evolution of the atmospheric density from mid-2008 to mid-2010 can be distinguished. The decrease of the SO2 column density towards high latitude is apparent, and the typical latitudinal extent of the atmosphere found to be (+-) 40° at half-maximum. The data show moderate diurnal variations of the equatorial atmosphere, which is evidence for a partially sublimation-supported atmospheric component. Compared to local noon, factor of 2 lower densities are observed around 40° before and 80° after noon. Best-fit gas temperatures range from 150 to 220 K, with a weighted mean value of 170 (+-) 20 K, which should represent the column-weighted mean kinetic temperature of Io's atmosphere. Finally, although the data include clear thermal emission due to Pillan (in outburst in July 2008) and Loki, no detectable enhancements in the SO2 atmosphere above these volcanic regions are found, with an upper limit of 4e16 cm-2 at Pillan and 1e17 cm-2 at Loki.
description: Accepted for publication in Icarus
Enhancing chest X-ray analysis : a comparative study of deep learning models with explainable AI
Creators: name: Kandasamy, Hari Priya
name: 0009-0005-2095-3671
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Deep learning
Health informatics
Computer vision
Chest X-rays
Vision transformers
Convolutional Neural Networks

description: Analyzing medical images is a vital aspect of contemporary healthcare. While conventional deep learning models have demonstrated potential in this area, their interpretability remains a challenge, especially for intricate medical images like chest X-rays. In our study, we assess the performance of advanced deep learning models, such as InceptionV4 and Vision Transformers, in comparison to traditional models like ResNet50 to determine their effectiveness in classifying chest X-ray images. We use two comprehensive datasets, NIH-CXR-LT and MIMIC-CXR-LT, for evaluating the models' performance.Our goal is to improve the comprehensibility and usability of these models by implementing explainable AI techniques for visualizations, contributing to the creation of user-friendly AI tools for medical imaging. Our findings indicate that Vision Transformers attain higher AUC scores while reducing training time compared to other models. By employing explainable AI methods like GradCAM and SHAP, we showcase the interpretability of the models, allowing us to pinpoint areas of interest in chest X-ray images that the models depend on for their predictions. These techniques also assist in detecting model biases and recognizing potential errors, which can be crucial for informed clinical decision-making.
Umsetzung unterrichtsintegrierter Sprachförderung im Mathematikunterricht der Grundschule
Creators: name: Elstrodt-Wefing, Nadine
name: Möhring, Michélle
name: Teborg, Sophie
name: Starke, Anja
name: Ritterfeld, Ute
Publisher: name: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung.
Year: 2022

description: Mit der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Umsetzung einer sprachsensibel geplanten Unterrichtsreihe zum Thema Rechendreiecke in einer dritten und einer vierten Klasse einer Regelgrundschule untersucht. Im Fokus stand dabei vor allem das Mikro-Scaffolding als Mittel zur Sprachförderung (Gibbons, 2002). Analysiert wurden vor allem die Art der Umsetzung des Mikro-Scaffolding und potenzielle Unterschiede der Umsetzung bei von den Lehrkräften als sprachlich schwach beziehungsweise stark eingeschätzten Schüler*innen. Darüber sollten Hinweise auf die Umsetzung der Adaptivität des Mikro-Scaffolding gefunden werden. Die Lehrkräfte in der vorliegenden Studie hatten im Vorfeld über zwei Jahre lang an einer umfangreichen Weiterbildung zu den Sprachförderprinzipien des Scaffolding teilgenommen und waren außerdem maßgeblich an der Planung der untersuchten Unterrichtsreihe beteiligt. Die qualitativen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine große Varianz in der Umsetzung der Scaffolding-Sprachförderprinzipien besteht, die höchstwahrscheinlich stark geprägt ist von individuellen Einflussfaktoren. Es zeigte sich außerdem, dass die Sprachförderprinzipien von den zwei beobachteten Lehrkräften nicht vollumfänglich implementiert wurden. Lücken zeigen sich vor allem hinsichtlich der zwei Sprachförderprinzipien Anregung zur Nutzung der Fach- und Bildungssprache auf Wort- und Satzebene sowie Verdeutlichen der Relevanz. Abschließend wird diskutiert, welche Faktoren die Umsetzungstreue der Fortbildungsinhalte in sprachförderliches Verhalten beeinflusst haben.
description: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung., Bd. 4 Nr. 1 (2022): PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung – Ausgabe 4
Microbial ecology and biogeochemistry of hypersaline sediments in Orca Basin
Creators: name: Joye, S.B.
name: Nigro, L.M.
name: Hinrichs, K.-U.
name: Teske, A.
name: Elling, F.J.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2020

description: In deep ocean hypersaline basins, the combination of high salinity, unusual ionic composition and anoxic conditions represents significant challenges for microbial life. We used geochemical porewater characterization and DNA sequencing based taxonomic surveys to enable environmental and microbial characterization of anoxic hypersaline sediments and brines in the Orca Basin, the largest brine basin in the Gulf of Mexico. Full-length bacterial 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from hypersaline sediments and the overlying brine were dominated by the uncultured halophilic KB1 lineage, Deltaproteobacteria related to cultured sulfate-reducing halophilic genera, and specific lineages of heterotrophic Bacteroidetes. Archaeal clones were dominated by members of the halophilic methanogen genus Methanohalophilus, and the ammonia-oxidizing Marine Group I (MG-I) within the Thaumarchaeota. Illumina sequencing revealed higher phylum- and subphylum-level complexity, especially in lower-salinity sediments from the Orca Basin slope. Illumina and clone library surveys consistently detected MG-I Thaumarchaeota and halotolerant Deltaproteobacteria in the hypersaline anoxic sediments, but relative abundances of the KB1 lineage differed between the two sequencing methods. The stable isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon and methane in porewater, and sulfate concentrations decreasing downcore indicated methanogenesis and sulfate reduction in the anoxic sediments. While anaerobic microbial processes likely occur at low rates near their maximal salinity thresholds in Orca Basin, long-term accumulation of reaction products leads to high methane concentrations and reducing conditions within the Orca Basin brine and sediments.
On the origin of the faint-end of the red sequence in high density environments
Creators: name: Boselli, Alessandro
name: Gavazzi, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the advent of the next generation wide-field cameras it became possible to survey in an unbiased mode galaxies spanning a variety of local densities, from the core of rich clusters, to compact and loose groups, down to filaments and voids. The sensitivity reached by these instruments allowed to extend the observation to dwarf galaxies, the most "fragile" objects in the universe. At the same time models and simulations have been tailored to quantify the different effects of the environment on the evolution of galaxies. Simulations, models, and observations consistently indicate that star-forming dwarf galaxies entering high-density environments for the first time can be rapidly stripped from their interstellar medium. The lack of gas quenches the activity of star formation, producing on timescales of ${\sim}$1~Gyr quiescent galaxies with spectro-photometric, chemical, structural, and kinematical properties similar to those observed in dwarf early-type galaxies inhabiting rich clusters and loose groups. Simulations and observations consistently identify ram pressure stripping as the major effect responsible for the quenching of the star-formation activity in rich clusters. Gravitational interactions (galaxy harassment) can also be important in groups or in clusters whenever galaxies have been members since early epochs. The observation of clusters at different redshifts combined with the present high infalling rate of galaxies onto clusters indicate that the quenching of the star-formation activity in dwarf systems and the formation of the faint end of the red sequence is a very recent phenomenon.
description: Invited review on Astronomy & Astrophysics Review, accepted for publication
Additional file 2 of A scoping review of theories, models and frameworks used or proposed to evaluate knowledge mobilization strategies
Creators: name: Ziam, Saliha
name: Lanoue, Sèverine
name: McSween-Cadieux, Esther
name: Gervais, Mathieu-Joël
name: Lane, Julie
name: Gaid, Dina
name: Chouinard, Laura Justine
name: Dagenais, Christian
name: Ridde, Valéry
name: Jean, Emmanuelle
name: Fleury, France Charles
name: Hong, Quan Nha
name: Prigent, Ollivier
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Summary of included articles.
Synergies Between Operations Research and Quantum Information Science
Creators: name: Parekh, Ojas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This article highlights synergies between quantum information science (QIS) and operations research for QIS-curious operations researchers (and vice-versa).
description: 12 pages; published as a "Challenge Paper" in the INFORMS Journal on Computing
Illuminating microbial species-specific effects on organic matter remineralization in marine sediments
Creators: name: Beaupré, S.R.
name: Enke, T.N.
name: Cordero, O.X.
name: Pearson, A.
name: Teske, A.P.
name: Mahmoudi, N.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2020

description: Marine microorganisms play a fundamental role in the global carbon cycle by mediating the sequestration of organic matter in ocean waters and sediments. A better understanding of how biological factors, such as microbial community composition, influence the lability and fate of organic matter is needed. Here, we explored the extent to which organic matter remineralization is influenced by species-specific metabolic capabilities. We carried out aerobic time-series incubations of Guaymas Basin sediments to quantify the dynamics of carbon utilization by two different heterotrophic marine isolates (Vibrio splendidus 1A01; Pseudoalteromonas sp. 3D05). Continuous measurement of respiratory CO2 production and its carbon isotopic compositions (13C and 14C) shows species-specific differences in the rate, quantity and type of organic matter remineralized. Each species was incubated with hydrothermally-influenced versus unimpacted sediments, resulting in a ~2-fold difference in respiratory CO2 yield across the experiments. Genomic analysis indicated that the observed carbon utilization patterns may be attributed in part to the number of gene copies encoding for extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. Our results demonstrate that the lability and remineralization of organic matter in marine environments is not only a function of chemical composition and/or environmental conditions, but also a function of the microorganisms that are present and active.
Abelian surfaces with supersingular good reduction and non semisimple Tate module
Creators: name: Volkov, Maja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G10, 14K15, 14G20

description: We show the existence of abelian surfaces $A$ over $\mathbb{Q}_p$ having good reduction with supersingular special fibre whose associated $p$-adic Galois module $V_p(A)$ is not semisimple.
description: 7 pages, published
Charge Symmetry Breaking in Electromagnetic Nucleon Form Factors in Elastic Parity-Violating Electron-Nucleus Scattering
Creators: name: Miller, Gerald A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of charge symmetry breaking in nucleon electromagnetic form factors on parity- violating elastic electron-12C scattering is studied, and found to be much smaller than other known effects. The analysis of a planned experiment is discussed.
description: 6 pages 3 figures
Identification, expression and activity of candidate nitrite reductases from orange beggiatoaceae, guaymas basin
Creators: name: Buckley, A.
name: Teske, A.
name: MacGregor, B.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2019

description: Orange filamentous Beggiatoaceae form massive microbial mats on hydrothermal sediments in Guaymas Basin; these bacteria are considered to oxidize sulfide with nitrate and nitrite as electron acceptors. From a previously analyzed genome of an orange Beggiatoaceae filament, three candidate genes for enzymes with nitrite-reducing function - an orange octaheme cytochrome, a nirS nitrite reductase, and a nitrite/tetrathionate-reducing octaheme cytochrome - were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The expressed and purified orange cytochrome showed reduced nitrite-reducing activity compared to the multifunctional native protein obtained from microbial mats. The nirS gene product showed in vitro but no in-gel nitrite-reducing activity; and the nitrite/tetrathionate-reducing octaheme cytochrome was capable of reducing both nitrite and tetrathionate in vitro. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the orange Beggiatoaceae nirS, in contrast to the other candidate nitrite reductases, does not form monophyletic lineages with its counterparts in other large sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, and most likely represents a recent acquisition by lateral gene transfer. The nitrite/tetrathionate-reducing enzyme of the orange Beggiatoaceae is related to nitrite- and tetrathionate reductases harbored predominantly by Gammaproteobacteria, including obligate endosymbionts of hydrothermal vent tubeworms. Thus, the orange Guaymas Basin Beggiatoaceae have a repertoire of at least three different functional enzymes for nitrite reduction. By demonstrating the unusual diversity of enzymes with a potential role in nitrite reduction, we show that bacteria in highly dynamic, sulfide-rich hydrothermal vent habitats adapt to these conditions that usually prohibit nitrate and nitrite reduction. In the case of the orange Guaymas Beggiatoaceae, classical denitrification appears to be replaced by different multifunctional enzymes for nitrite and tetrathionate reduction; the resulting ecophysiological flexibility provides a new key to the dominance of these Beggiatoaceae in hydrothermal hot spots.
Senegal - Universal Access to Electricity Analysis using OnSSET Toolkit
Creators: name: Mamadou, CISSE
name: KEBE Mamadou
name: NDIAYE Matar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Senegal
GEP
OnSSET
Senelec
MPE

description: This presentation constitutes the outcome of a three-weeks capacity building activity on GEP-OnSSET as part of the 2023 ICTP workshop. The authors collected input data, set parameters, calibrated the model, and run electrification investment scenarios for Senegal in order to explore pathways leading to the achievement of electrification targets. The results of this analysis are not conclusive, but rather the output of experimentation with the model and thus only indicative. You may contact the authors for more information and/or questions about the methodology, limitations, and follow-up activities of this study.
COMPASS: joint copy number and mutation phylogeny reconstruction from amplicon single-cell sequencing data
Creators: name: Sollier, Etienne
name: Kuipers, Jack
name: Takahashi, Koichi
name: Beerenwinkel, Niko
name: Jahn, Katharina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Acute myeloid leukaemia
subject: Applied mathematics
subject: Computational models
subject: Phylogeny
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Reconstructing the history of somatic DNA alterations can help understand the evolution of a tumor and predict its resistance to treatment. Single-cell DNA sequencing (scDNAseq) can be used to investigate clonal heterogeneity and to inform phylogeny reconstruction. However, most existing phylogenetic methods for scDNAseq data are designed either for single nucleotide variants (SNVs) or for large copy number alterations (CNAs), or are not applicable to targeted sequencing. Here, we develop COMPASS, a computational method for inferring the joint phylogeny of SNVs and CNAs from targeted scDNAseq data. We evaluate COMPASS on simulated data and apply it to several datasets including a cohort of 123 patients with acute myeloid leukemia. COMPASS detected clonal CNAs that could be orthogonally validated with bulk data, in addition to subclonal ones that require single-cell resolution, some of which point toward convergent evolution.
Diagrammatic self-consistent theory of Anderson localization for the tight-binding model
Creators: name: Kroha, Johann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A self-consistent theory of the frequency dependent diffusion coefficient for the Anderson localization problem is presented within the tight-binding model of non-interacting electrons on a lattice with randomly distributed on-site energy levels. The theory uses a diagrammatic expansion in terms of (extended) Bloch states and is found to be equivalent to the expansion in terms of (localized) Wannier states which was derived earlier by Kroha, Kopp and Wölfle. No adjustable parameters enter the theory. The localization length is calculated in 1, 2 and 3 dimensions as well as the frequency dependent conductivity and the phase diagram of localization in 3 dimensions for various types of disorder distributions. The validity of a universal scaling function of the length dependent conductance derived from this theory is discussed in the strong coupling region. Quantitative agreement with results from numerical diagonalization of finite systems demonstrates that the self-consistent treatment of cooperon contributions is sufficient to explain the phase diagram of localization and suggests that the system may be well described by a one-parameter scaling theory in certain regions of the phase diagram, if one is not too close to the transition point.
description: Extension of the self-consistent theory of Anderson localization to strong disorder. This paper is made available here, although of older date, following repeated requests from the community of ultracold quantum gases. 22 pages, 10 figures
Presentation of Data management plan of Senegal
Creators: name: SARR Amadou Makhtar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Data
Management

description: As part of the Plan Sénégal Émergent, the Senegalese government has set itself the goal of providing all citizens with access to reliable, high-quality, affordable electricity by 2025. One of the major components of this ambition is to raise the electrification rate to 100% by 2025 through major investments in the sector, targeting in particular rural areas where only 53.9% of the population had access to electricity.

 To achieve this major objective, there is need for effective spatial data management systems such as NSDI so that all Households and productive use units (public infrastructures) are connected to electricity by 2025. Data from all sectors requiring electrification to operate their businesses will be collected together through NSDI and from there, it will be easier to supply electricity to them by the set planning horizon.
Effective destruction of CO by cosmic rays: implications for tracing H$_2$ gas in the Universe
Creators: name: Bisbas, Thomas G.
name: Papadopoulos, Padelis P.
name: Viti, Serena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the effects of cosmic rays (CRs) on the abundance of CO in $\rm H_2$ clouds under conditions typical for star-forming galaxies in the Universe. We discover that this most important molecule for tracing H$_2$ gas is very effectively destroyed in ISM environments with CR energy densities $\rm U_{CR}\sim(50-10^{3})\times U_{CR,Gal}$, a range expected in numerous star-forming systems throughout the Universe. This density-dependent effect operates volumetrically rather than only on molecular cloud surfaces (i.e. unlike FUV radiation that also destroys CO), and is facilitated by: a) the direct destruction of CO by CRs, and b) a reaction channel activated by CR-produced He$^{+}$. The effect we uncover is strong enough to render Milky-Way type Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) very CO-poor (and thus CO-untraceable), even in ISM environments with rather modestly enhanced average CR energy densities of $\rm U_{CR}\sim(10-50)\times\rm U_{CR,Gal}$. We conclude that the CR-induced destruction of CO in molecular clouds, unhindered by dust absorption, is perhaps the single most important factor controlling the CO-visibility of molecular gas in vigorously star-forming galaxies. We anticipate that a second order effect of this CO destruction mechanism will be to make the H$_2$ distribution in the gas-rich disks of such galaxies appear much clumpier in CO $J$=1--0, 2--1 line emission than it actually is. Finally we give an analytical approximation of the CO/H$_2$ abundance ratio as a function of gas density and CR energy density for use in galaxy-size or cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, and propose some key observational tests.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 29 pages
Shadow estimation of gate-set properties from random sequences
Creators: name: Helsen, J.
name: Ioannou, Marios
name: Kitzinger, Jonas
name: Onorati, Emilio
name: Werner, A. H.
name: Eisert, Jens
name: Roth, I.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information theory and computation
subject: Quantum information
subject: Theoretical physics
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: With quantum computing devices increasing in scale and complexity, there is a growing need for tools that obtain precise diagnostic information about quantum operations. However, current quantum devices are only capable of short unstructured gate sequences followed by native measurements. We accept this limitation and turn it into a new paradigm for characterizing quantum gate-sets. A single experiment—random sequence estimation—solves a wealth of estimation problems, with all complexity moved to classical post-processing. We derive robust channel variants of shadow estimation with close-to-optimal performance guarantees and use these as a primitive for partial, compressive and full process tomography as well as the learning of Pauli noise. We discuss applications to the quantum gate engineering cycle, and propose novel methods for the optimization of quantum gates and diagnosing cross-talk.
Transport and accumulation of litter in submarine canyons: a geoscience perspective
Creators: name: Pierdomenico, Martina
name: Bernhardt, Anne
name: Eggenhuisen, Joris T.
name: Clare, Michael A.
name: Lo Iacono, Claudio
name: Casalbore, Daniele
name: Davies, Jaime S.
name: Kane, Ian
name: Huvenne, Veerle A.I.
name: Harris, Peter T.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: submarine canyons
subject: marine litter
subject: microplastics
subject: fishing-related debris
subject: litter transport
subject: sediment transport
subject: deep-sea litter
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Marine litter is one of the most pervasive and fast-growing aspects of contamination in the global ocean, and has been observed in every environmental setting, including the deep seafloor where little is known about the magnitude and consequences of the problem. Submarine canyons, the main conduits for the transport of sediment, organic matter and water masses from shallow to abyssal depths, have been claimed to be preferential pathways for litter transport and accumulation in the deep sea. This is supported by ongoing evidence of large litter piles at great water depths, highlighting efficient transfer via canyons. The aim of this article is to present an overview of the current knowledge about marine litter in submarine canyons, taking a geological, process-based point of view. We evaluate sources, transport mechanisms and deposition of litter within canyons to assess the main factors responsible for its transport and accumulation in the deep sea. Few studies relate litter distribution to transport and depositional processes; nevertheless, results from available literature show that canyons represent accumulation areas for both land-based and maritime-based litter. Particularly, accumulation of fishing-related debris is mainly observed at the canyon heads and walls and is related to fishing activities carried out in and adjacent to canyons, while transport and accumulation of general waste and plastic along canyon axes can be related to different mechanisms, encompassing enhanced bottom currents, dense water cascading and turbidity currents, and is related to the proximity of canyons to shore. Global assessment of canyons exposure to riverine plastic inputs and fishing-related debris indicates varying susceptibility of canyons to litter, also highlighting that most of the canyons prone to receive large amounts of anthropogenic debris have not yet been surveyed. Considering that litter research in canyons is still in its infancy, several knowledge gaps need to be filled before the role of canyons as litter traps and the implication for benthic ecosystems can be fully understood.
Characteristics and Evolution of sill-driven off-axis hydrothermalism in Guaymas Basin – the Ringvent site
Creators: name: Ramírez, G.A.
name: Brunner, B.
name: Lizarralde, D.
name: Buckley, A.
name: Turner, T.
name: Chanton, J.P.
name: Teske, A.
name: McKay, L.J.
name: Núñez-Useche, F.
name: Aiello, I.
name: Sibert, R.J.
name: Hensen, C.
name: Soule, S.A.
name: Joye, S.B.
name: Chambers, C.R.
name: Ravelo, A.C.
name: White, D.
name: Canet, C.
name: Mortera, C.
Publisher: name: Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2019

description: The Guaymas Basin spreading center, at 2000 m depth in the Gulf of California, is overlain by a thick sedimentary cover. Across the basin, localized temperature anomalies, with active methane venting and seep fauna exist in response to magma emplacement into sediments. These sites evolve over thousands of years as magma freezes into doleritic sills and the system cools. Although several cool sites resembling cold seeps have been characterized, the hydrothermally active stage of an off-axis site was lacking good examples. Here, we present a multidisciplinary characterization of Ringvent, an ~1 km wide circular mound where hydrothermal activity persists ~28 km northwest of the spreading center. Ringvent provides a new type of intermediate-stage hydrothermal system where off-axis hydrothermal activity has attenuated since its formation, but remains evident in thermal anomalies, hydrothermal biota coexisting with seep fauna, and porewater biogeochemical signatures indicative of hydrothermal circulation. Due to their broad potential distribution, small size and limited life span, such sites are hard to find and characterize, but they provide critical missing links to understand the complex evolution of hydrothermal systems.
Reduced cingulate gyrus volume in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with syringomyelia and neuropathic pain revealed by voxel-based morphometry: a pilot study
Creators: name: Nitzsche, Björn
name: Schulze, Sabine
name: Boltze, Johannes
name: Schmidt, Martin J.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: hyperesthesia
subject: brain
subject: syringomyelia
subject: Chiari malformation
subject: dog
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Objective: Pathomorphological alterations of the central nervous system in dogs, such as syringomyelia and Chiari-like malformation, can cause cranial and cervical hyperesthesia and neuropathic pain. The long-term activity of the pain network can induce functional alteration and eventually even morphological changes in the pain network. This may happen especially in the prefrontal and cingulate cortex, where atrophy of the gray matter (GM) was observed in humans with chronic pain, irrespective of the nature of the pain syndrome. We tested the hypothesis that Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) with Chiari-like malformation and associated syringomyelia (SM) and pain show cerebral morphological differences compared to animals without signs of syringomyelia and pain. Methods: Volumetric datasets of 28 different brain structures were analyzed in a retrospective manner, including voxel-based morphometry, using magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 41 dogs. Results: Volumetric analyses revealed a decrease in GM volumes in the cingulate gyrus (CG) in CKCS with SM and chronic pain when normalized to brain volume. This finding was supported by voxel-based morphometry, which showed a cluster of significance within the CG. Conclusion: GM atrophy in the CG is associated with chronic pain and thus may serve as an objective readout parameter for the diagnosis or treatment of canine pain syndromes.
Single-photon cavity optomechanics mediated by a quantum two-level system
Creators: name: Pirkkalainen, J. -M.
name: Cho, S. U.
name: Massel, F.
name: Tuorila, J.
name: Heikkila, T. T.
name: Hakonen, P. J.
name: Sillanpaa, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coupling electromagnetic waves in a cavity and mechanical vibrations via the radiation pressure of the photons [1,2] is a promising platform for investigations of quantum mechanical properties of motion of macroscopic bodies and thereby the limits of quantum mechanics [3,4]. A drawback is that the effect of one photon tends to be tiny, and hence one of the pressing challenges is to substantially increase the interaction strength towards the scale of the cavity damping rate. A novel scenario is to introduce into the setup a quantum two-level system (qubit), which, besides strengthening the coupling, allows for rich physics via strongly enhanced nonlinearities [5-8]. Addressing these issues, here we present a design of cavity optomechanics in the microwave frequency regime involving a Josephson junction qubit. We demonstrate boosting of the radiation pressure interaction energy by six orders of magnitude, allowing to approach the strong coupling regime, where a single quantum of vibrations shifts the cavity frequency by more than its linewidth. We observe nonlinear phenomena at single-photon energies, such as an enhanced damping due to the two-level system. This work opens up nonlinear cavity optomechanics as a plausible tool for the study of quantum properties of motion.
description: 5 pages + supplementary
MICROBIAL REMEDIATION OF HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATION IN SOIL
Creators: name: Adebayo, Emmanuel
name: Bello, Rebeca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: MICROBIAL REMEDIATION, HEAVY METALS, SOIL and MICROORGANISMS

description: Abstract Heavy metals are metals with density above 5g/cm3 which occur
 naturally in the environment. However, the indiscriminate discharge arising from
 geochemical and anthropogenic activities have remained a galloping source of contamination
 in the ecosystem. They can be mitigated through the use of microorganisms such as
 Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Aspergillus species. The mechanisms utilized by microbes in
 heavy metals remediation include change in biochemical pathways that obstruct metal uptake,
 enzymatic transformation of metals to harmless forms and the use of exact effluent system for
 reducing intracellular concentration of metals. Factors such as physicochemical and
 biological are known to influence heavy metal remediation in contaminated sites. Prolonged
 exposure of such heavy metals could have deleterious health effects on human life including
 inhibition of libido in male reproductive systems and obstruction of ovulation in females as
 well as in other terrestrial and aquatic biota. The use of microorganisms in cleaning up heavy
 metals contaminated sites is a viable and sustainable one as it overcomes the drawbacks
 encountered in other methods of heavy metal treatments. This leads to a healthy environment
 and guarantees public health of it teeming citizens.
CSCCE Community Profile: The Society of Research Software Engineers
Creators: name: Woodley, Lou
name: Pratt, Katie
name: Kobilka, Sara
name: Wyatt, Claire
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: CSCCE Community Profile
CSCCE
Describing STEM communities
Research software engineering

description: CSCCE Community Profiles provide a snapshot of scientific communities. The data for these profiles were collected by surveying scientific community managers as part of a research project conducted by CSCCE staff in collaboration with a CSCCE Working Group. This profile showcases the Society of Research Software Engineers. If you would like to create a profile for your scientific community or organization, please contact us: info@cscce.org.
A photometric study of NSVS 7453183: a probable quadruple system with long-term surface activity
Creators: name: Šmelcer, L.
name: Wolf, M.
name: Kučáková, H.
name: Zasche, P.
name: Kára, J.
name: Hornoch, K.
name: Zejda, M.
name: Auer, R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $VRC$ light curves were regularly measured for the eclipsing binary NSVS 7453183 as a part of our long-term observational project for studying of low-mass eclipsing binaries with a short orbital period and surface activity. The TESS light curve solution in Phoebe results to the detached configuration, where the temperature of primary component was adopted to $T_1$ = 4300 K according to the SED approximation. It gives us $T_2 =$ 4080 $\pm$ 100 K for the secondary component. The spectral type of the primary component was estimated to be K6 and the photometric mass ratio was derived $q = 0.86$. We confirm presence of the third body in this system, a stellar companion with a minimal mass 0.33 M$_{\rm Sun}$ orbiting the eclipsing pair with a short period about 425 days, and propose the next, fourth body with a longer orbiting period of about 12 years, probably a brown dwarf with the minimal mass of 50 M$_{\rm Jup}$. The hierarchical structure ((1+1)+1)+1 of this quadruple system is assumed. Characteristics and temporal variations of the dark region on the surface of the primary component were estimated. The average migration speed of about 10 deg/month was found during years 2020-2022.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 11 pages, 9 figures, 9 tables. This is the authors' version of the accepted manuscript
Rwanda Energy System towards generation mix of 60% Renewable share in 2030 through horizon to 2050
Creators: name: Nshimiyimana Devotha
name: Nsekanabanga Jovine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Renewable share, Energy System

description: Rwanda is a landlocked country in east Africa. By vision 2050, Rwanda intends to become a middle income country with service based economy. Under this vision, the country intends to increase GDP from 868.43 US$ per Cap to 12,476 US$ per Cap. The energy renewable share intends to reach 60% and remain at this level in following years. This study was made using OSeMOSYS tool learned under International Energy Agency capacity building program, specifically in “ICTP JOINT SUMMER SCHOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | 2023”. The study reflect to Rwanda energy system. The 3 scenarios were analysed BAU scenario, focus on the existing opportunities in technology and budget, Domestic focuses on energy security and promotion of domestic resources utulization (Hydro, solar and methan gas) and Renewable scenario, focus on imports, hydro utlization, solar and biomass. According to the SE4All Action Agenda and Rwanda Vision 2050, 60% of the generation mix should be from renewable sources by 2030 and beyond. The study results show less change in 2 base scenarios and clear change with adoption of renewable constraints. Here the best for costs management is renewable scenario, however it create more emissions compared to other scenarios due to the promotion of biomass energy. This study was made for learning purposes and with reflection to the real situation of the country. More scenarios will be created after these and data calibration will be improved in the near future.
Optical Properties Chern-Simons (3+1)D $θ$-systems
Creators: name: Huerta, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chern-Simons (CS) $θ$-systems are described by a $θ\int F\wedge F$ term in the action ($θ$ is an adimensional parameter), which does not change field equations in the bulk, but affects the system behaviour when it is bounded. When two of those $θ$-systems, each one characterized by a different value of $θ$ (even zero), share a common boundary, surface effects are then induced by a CS $θ$ term. Here, we study the consequences of the above in the propagation of electromagnetic radiation in $θ$-systems. In a previous paper, electromagnetic radiation properties traversing a $θ$-vacuum were analyzed where a number of interesting features arise related to polarization and energy distribution. Now, we investigate how electric and magnetic properties of the $θ$-system affect the optical response. Apart from the well-known Kerr polarization rotation found for the particular case of topological insulators, we examine in detail the issue and the results could be applied in other contexts where $θ$-term accounts for the system dynamics. In particular, we find two different Brewster angles, for $s$ and $p$ polarization of reflected radiation, respectively, with peculiar features derived from the $θ$ term influence. Possible applications of these results are discussed.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures
Möbius One-Pager
Creators: name: Vílchez, Clara Pont
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Publishing industry

description: This one-pager is an A4 file, designed with the Möbius branding and used to bring it to the events and explain the project. It contains the description of the project itself and the explanation of the future Möbius Book Experiences.