cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Green House Model of Nursing Home Care in Design and Implementation
Creators: name: Cohen, Lauren W.
name: Zimmerman, Sheryl
name: Nolet, Kimberly
name: Bowers, Barbara J.
name: Horn, Susan
name: Hudak, Sandra
name: Brown, Patrick
name: Reed, David
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: OBJECTIVE: To describe the Green House (GH) model of nursing home (NH) care, and examine how GH homes vary from the model, one another, and their founding (or legacy) NH.

DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: Data include primary quantitative and qualitative data and secondary quantitative data, derived from 12 GH/legacy NH organizations February 2012-September 2014.

STUDY DESIGN: This mixed methods, cross-sectional study used structured interviews to obtain information about presence of, and variation in, GH-relevant structures and processes of care. Qualitative questions explored reasons for variation in model implementation.

DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Interview data were analyzed using related-sample tests, and qualitative data were iteratively analyzed using a directed content approach.

PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: GH homes showed substantial variation in practices to support resident choice and decision making; neither GH nor legacy homes provided complete choice, and all GH homes excluded residents from some key decisions. GH homes were most consistent with the model and one another in elements to create a real home, such as private rooms and baths and open kitchens, and in staff-related elements, such as self-managed work teams and consistent, universal workers.

CONCLUSIONS: Although variation in model implementation complicates evaluation, if expansion is to continue, it is essential to examine GH elements and their outcomes.
title: Formation of Nanocrystals with High-Index Facets using Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations
Creators: name: Hsieh, Chia-Jui
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Nanocrystal Shape
subject: Miller Indices
subject: Growth and Dissolution
subject: Etching
subject: Facets
subject: Morphology Evolution

description: The shape of nanocrystals is closely linked to their functional properties and thus achieving controllable synthesis over specific facet bounded nanocrystals is essential for tailoring the performance in applications such as catalysis, plasmonic, and photonics. High-index facets are defined by {hkl} Miller indices with at least one index greater than 1. High-index facets are composed of low-coordinated step-terrace atoms acting as active sites, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. However, the synthesis of high-index facets is challenging due to its high surface energy and tends to vanish during the end of growth stage. Although many successful syntheses have been achieved through seed-mediated methods, the mechanisms underlying facet formation, and the impact of seed morphology remain unclear. Based on rejection-free kinetic Monte Carlo, this study aims to understand the mechanisms of high-index facets bounded nanocrystal formed by etching a seed. Simulation predicted the final polyhedron etched from cube, truncated octahedron, and rhombic dodecahedron seeds. By biasing the energy of atoms with coordination numbers 6 and 7, we obtained tetrahexahedron, trapezohedron, and trisoctahedron, respectively. Additionally, the ratio between growth and dissolution of atoms plays an important role in the evolution from close-packed planes to high-index facets. The Miller indices of the facets are identified with an algorithm that generates normal vectors on atoms and bond diagrams, followed by implementing a coloring scheme for clear visualization of the high-index planes. Afterwards, shape diagrams are generated to examine nanocrystal shape regions resulting from bias of local atom site energies. The diagrams also demonstrate the influence of temperature on simulation conditions and thus the final morphology of nanocrystals. Finally, the etch and growth trajectories of atoms are captured by investigating images frames at various time points. The results shed light on the evolution process of high-index facets, from atomic scale mechanisms (such as growth and etching) to nanoscale morphology and faceting. This understanding is essential for optimizing the design and performance of advanced nanocrystal engineering.
description: Proceedings of the Institute for Multiscale Simulation
Immune Response in Moderate to Critical Breakthrough COVID-19 Infection After mRNA Vaccination
Creators: name: Paniskaki, Krystallenia
name: Anft, Moritz
name: Meister, Toni L.
name: Marheinecke, Corinna
name: Pfaender, Stephanie
name: Skrzypczyk, Sarah
name: Seibert, Felix S.
name: Thieme, Constantin J.
name: Konik, Margarethe J.
name: Dolff, Sebastian
name: Anastasiou, Olympia
name: Holzer, Bodo
name: Dittmer, Ulf
name: Queren, Christine
name: Fricke, Lutz
name: Rohn, Hana
name: Westhoff, Timm H.
name: Witzke, Oliver
name: Stervbo, Ulrik
name: Roch, Toralf
name: Babel, Nina
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: SARS-CoV-2
subject: vaccine
subject: mRNA
subject: breakthrough infection
subject: T cells
subject: neutralizing antibodies
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) can trigger severe endemic waves and vaccine breakthrough infections (VBI). We analyzed the cellular and humoral immune response in 8 patients infected with the alpha variant, resulting in moderate to fatal COVID-19 disease manifestation, after double mRNA-based anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. In contrast to the uninfected vaccinated control cohort, the diseased individuals had no detectable high-avidity spike (S)-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells against the alpha variant and wild type (WT) at disease onset, whereas a robust CD4+ T-cell response against the N- and M-proteins was generated. Furthermore, a delayed alpha S-reactive high-avidity CD4+ T-cell response was mounted during disease progression. Compared to the vaccinated control donors, these patients also had lower neutralizing antibody titers against the alpha variant at disease onset. The delayed development of alpha S-specific cellular and humoral immunity upon VBI indicates reduced immunogenicity against the S-protein of the alpha VOC, while there was a higher and earlier N- and M-reactive T-cell response. Our findings do not undermine the current vaccination strategies but underline a potential need for the inclusion of VBI patients in alternative vaccination strategies and additional antigenic targets in next-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Alterations of Total and Anti-Spike IgG Glycosylation in Relation to Age and Anti-Spike IgG Titer
Creators: name: Schwedler, Christian
name: Grzeski, Marta
name: Kappert, Kai
name: Rust, Jörn
name: Heymann, Guido
name: Hoppe, Berthold
name: Blanchard, Véronique
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: IgG glycosylation
subject: N-glycopeptides
subject: glycans
subject: Spike
subject: SARS-CoV-2
subject: COVID-19
subject: MALDI-TOF
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been affecting the world since January 2020 and has caused millions of deaths. To gain a better insight into molecular changes underlying the COVID-19 disease, we investigated here the N-glycosylation of three immunoglobulin G (IgG) fractions isolated from plasma of 35 severe COVID-19 patients, namely total IgG(1), total IgG(2), and anti-Spike IgG, by means of MALDI-TOF-MS. All analyses were performed at the glycopeptide level to assure subclass- and site-specific information. For each COVID-19 patient, the analyses included three blood withdrawals at different time-points of hospitalization, which allowed profiling longitudinal alterations in IgG glycosylation. The COVID-19 patients presented altered IgG N-glycosylation profiles in all investigated IgG fractions. The most pronounced COVID-19-related changes were observed in the glycosylation profiles of antigen-specific anti-Spike IgG(1). Anti-Spike IgG(1) fucosylation and galactosylation showed the strongest variation during the disease course, with the difference in anti-Spike IgG(1) fucosylation being significantly correlated with patients' age. Decreases in anti-Spike IgG(1) galactosylation and sialylation in the course of the disease were found to be significantly correlated with the difference in anti-Spike IgG plasma concentration. The present findings suggest that patients' age and anti-S IgG abundance might influence IgG N-glycosylation alterations occurring in COVID-19.
Microcanonical analysis of a nonequilibrium phase transition
Creators: name: Lee, Julian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microcanonical analysis is a powerful method for studying phase transitions of finite-size systems. This method has been used so far only for studying phase transitions of equilibrium systems, which can be described by microcanonical entropy. I show that it is possible to perform microcanonical analysis of a nonequilibrium phase transition, by generalizing the concept of microcanonical entropy. One-dimensional asymmetric diffusion process is studied as an example where such a generalized entropy can be explicitly found, and the microcanonical method is used to analyze a nonequilibrium phase transition of a finite-size system.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. More detailed discussion on phase diagram for finite size. A major revision
Cardiac Autonomic Modulation and Response to Sub-Maximal Exercise in Chilean Hypertensive Miners
Creators: name: Lang, Morin
name: Mendt, Stefan
name: Paéz, Valeria
name: Gunga, Hanns-Christian
name: Bilo, Grzegorz
name: Merati, Giampiero
name: Parati, Gianfranco
name: Maggioni, Martina Anna
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: chronic intermittent hypoxia
subject: high altitude
subject: heart rate variability
subject: hypertension
subject: six-minute walk test
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Cardiac autonomic modulation in workers exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) has been poorly studied, especially considering hypertensive ones. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been proven as valuable tool to assess cardiac autonomic modulation under different conditions. The aim of this study is to investigate the cardiac autonomic response related to submaximal exercise (i.e., six-minute walk test, 6MWT) in hypertensive (HT, n = 9) and non-hypertensive (NT, n = 10) workers exposed for > 2 years to CIH. Participants worked on 7-on 7-off days shift between high altitude (HA: > 4.200 m asl) and sea level (SL: < 500 m asl). Data were recorded with electrocardiography (ECG) at morning upon awakening (10 min supine, baseline), then at rest before and after (5 min sitting, pre and post) the 6MWT, performed respectively on the first day of their work shift at HA, and after the second day of SL sojourn. Heart rate was higher at HA in both groups for each measurement (p < 0.01). Parasympathetic indices of HRV were lower in both groups at HA, either in time domain (RMSSD, p < 0.01) and in frequency domain (log HF, p < 0.01), independently from measurement’s time. HRV indices in non-linear domain supported the decrease of vagal tone at HA and showed a reduced signal’s complexity. ECG derived respiration frequency (EDR) was higher at HA in both groups (p < 0.01) with interaction group x altitude (p = 0.012), i.e., higher EDR in HT with respect to NT. No significant difference was found in 6MWT distance regarding altitude for both groups, whereas HT covered a shorter 6MWT distance compared to NT (p < 0.05), both at HA and SL. Besides, conventional arm-cuff blood pressure and oxygen blood saturation values (recorded before, at the end and after 5-min recovery from 6MWT), reported differences related to HA only. HA is the main factor affecting cardiac autonomic modulation, independently from hypertension. However, presence of hypertension was associated with a reduced physical performance independently from altitude, and with higher respiratory frequency at HA.
Workforce Characteristics, Perceptions, Stress, and Satisfaction among Staff in Green House and Other Nursing Homes
Creators: name: Zimmerman, Sheryl
name: Reed, David Allen
name: Brown, Patrick B.
name: Horn, Susan D.
name: Cohen, Lauren W.
name: Hudak, Sandra L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: OBJECTIVE: To compare workforce characteristics and staff perceptions of safety, satisfaction, and stress between Green House (GH) and comparison nursing homes (CNHs).

DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: Primary data on staff perceptions of safety, stress, and satisfaction from 13 GHs and 8 comparison NHs in 11 states; secondary data from human resources records on workforce characteristics, turnover, and staffing from 01/01/2011-06/30/2012.

STUDY DESIGN: Observational study.

DATA COLLECTION METHODS: Workforce data were from human resources offices; staff perceptions were from surveys.

PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Few significant differences were found between GH and CNHs. Exceptions were GH direct caregivers were older, provided twice the normalized hours per week budgeted per resident than CNAs in CNHs or Legacy NHs, and trended toward lower turnover.

CONCLUSIONS: GH environment may promote staff longevity and does not negatively affect worker's stress, safety perceptions, or satisfaction. Larger studies are needed to confirm findings.
Electron density of a benzoylated tetrafructopyranose
Creators: name: Luger, Peter
name: Dittrich, Birger
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: carbohydrates
subject: electron density
subject: invariom formalism
subject: topological analysis
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The electron density distribution (EDD) of a tetrasaccharide composed of four benzoylated fructopyranosyl units was obtained by refinement with scattering factors from the invariom library. X-ray diffraction data was downloaded from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). Bond topological and atomic properties were obtained by application of Bader’s QTAIM formalism. From a large number of 105 C–C bonds in the molecule average bond orders for 33 single and 72 aromatic bonds were calculated yielding values of 1.33 and 1.61. Molecular Hirshfeld and electrostatic potential (ESP) surfaces show that only weak non-covalent interactions exist. The phenyl rings of the benzoyl fragments in the outer regions of the molecule generate a positive ESP shell with repulsive properties between adjacent molecules. Weak surface interactions result in a rather unusual low density around 1.3 g cm−3, which is understandable when compared to other carbohydrates where strong O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds allow a 20% more dense packing with densities >1.5 g cm−3 as determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
Complex-mass renormalization in hadronic EFT: applicability at two-loop order
Creators: name: Djukanovic, D.
name: Epelbaum, E.
name: Gegelia, J.
name: Krebs, H.
name: Meißner, U. -G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the application of the complex-mass scheme to multi-loop diagrams in hadronic effective field theory by considering as an example a two-loop self-energy diagram. We show that the renormalized two-loop diagram satisfies the power counting.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, version accepted for publication in EPJA
MRSA Infection in the Thigh Muscle Leads to Systemic Disease, Strong Inflammation, and Loss of Human Monocytes in Humanized Mice
Creators: name: Hung, Sophia
name: Dreher, Liane
name: Diessner, Joachim
name: Schwarz, Stefan
name: Ohlsen, Knut
name: Hertlein, Tobias
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: humanized mice
subject: MRSA - methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
subject: monocyte
subject: bacterial infection model
subject: inflammation
subject: NSG
subject: staphylocccal infection/epidemiology
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is the second-leading cause of deaths by antibiotic-resistant bacteria globally, with more than 100,000 attributable deaths annually. Despite the high urgency to develop a vaccine to control this pathogen, all clinical trials with pre-clinically effective candidates failed so far. The recent development of “humanized” mice might help to edge the pre-clinical evaluation closer to the clinical situation and thus close this gap. We infected humanized NSG mice (huNSG: (NOD)-scid IL2Rγnull mice engrafted with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells) locally with S. aureus USA300 LAC* lux into the thigh muscle in order to investigate the human immune response to acute and chronic infection. These mice proved not only to be more susceptible to MRSA infection than wild-type or “murinized” mice, but displayed furthermore inferior survival and signs of systemic infection in an otherwise localized infection model. The rate of humanization correlated directly with the severity of disease and survival of the mice. Human and murine cytokine levels in blood and at the primary site of infection were strongly elevated in huNSG mice compared to all control groups. And importantly, differences in human and murine immune cell lineages surfaced during the infection, with human monocyte and B cell numbers in blood and bone marrow being significantly reduced at the later time point of infection. Murine monocytes in contrast behaved conversely by increasing cell numbers. This study demonstrates significant differences in the in vivo behavior of human and murine cells towards S. aureus infection, which might help to sharpen the translational potential of pre-clinical models for future therapeutic approaches.
B Cell Characteristics at Baseline Predict Vaccination Response in RTX Treated Patients
Creators: name: Stefanski, Ana-Luisa
name: Rincon-Arevalo, Hector
name: Schrezenmeier, Eva
name: Karberg, Kirsten
name: Szelinski, Franziska
name: Ritter, Jacob
name: Chen, Yidan
name: Jahrsdörfer, Bernd
name: Ludwig, Carolin
name: Schrezenmeier, Hubert
name: Lino, Andreia C.
name: Dörner, Thomas
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: RTX (rituximab)
subject: B-cells
subject: vaccination
subject: SARS – CoV – 2
subject: prediction
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Vaccination is considered as most efficient strategy in controlling SARS-CoV-2 pandemic spread. Nevertheless, patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases receiving rituximab (RTX) are at increased risk to fail humoral and cellular responses upon vaccination. The ability to predict vaccination responses is essential to guide adequate safety and optimal protection in these patients. Methods: B- and T- cell data before vaccination were evaluated for characteristics predicting vaccine responses in altogether 15 patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases receiving RTX. Eleven patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on other therapies, 11 kidney transplant recipients (KTR) on regular immunosuppression and 15 healthy controls (HC) served as controls. A multidimensional analysis of B cell subsets via UMAP algorithm and a correlation matrix were performed in order to identify predictive markers of response in patients under RTX therapy. Results: Significant differences regarding absolute B cell counts and specific subset distribution pattern between the groups were identified at baseline. In this context, the majority of B cells from vaccination responders of the RTX group (RTX IgG+) were naïve and transitional B cells, whereas vaccination non-responders (RTX IgG-) carried preferentially plasmablasts and double negative (CD27-IgD-) B cells. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between neutralizing antibodies and B cells expressing HLA-DR and CXCR5 as well as an inverse correlation with CD95 expression and CD21low expression by B cells among vaccination responders. Summary: Substantial repopulation of the naïve B cell compartment after RTX therapy appeared to be essential for an adequate vaccination response, which seem to require the additional capability of antigen presentation and germinal center formation. Moreover, expression of exhaustion markers represent negative predictors of vaccination responses.
A Methodology for Using Workforce Data to Decide Which Specialties and States to Target for Graduate Medical Education Expansion
Creators: name: Knapton, Andy
name: Holmes, George M.
name: Fraher, Erin P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: OBJECTIVE: To outline a methodology for allocating graduate medical education (GME) training positions based on data from a workforce projection model.

DATA SOURCES: Demand for visits is derived from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey and Census data. Physician supply, retirements, and geographic mobility are estimated using concatenated AMA Masterfiles and ABMS certification data. The number and specialization behaviors of residents are derived from the AAMC's GMETrack survey.

DESIGN: We show how the methodology could be used to allocate 3,000 new GME slots over 5 years-15,000 total positions-by state and specialty to address workforce shortages in 2026.

EXTRACTION METHODS: We use the model to identify shortages for 19 types of health care services provided by 35 specialties in 50 states.

PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The new GME slots are allocated to nearly all specialties, but nine states and the District of Columbia do not receive any new positions.

CONCLUSIONS: This analysis illustrates an objective, evidence-based methodology for allocating GME positions that could be used as the starting point for discussions about GME expansion or redistribution.
MolMeDB: Molecules on Membranes Database
Creators: name: Juračka, Jakub
name: Šrejber, Martin
name: Melíková, Michaela
name: Bazgier, Václav
name: Berka, Karel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: membranes
small molecules
partitioning
permeability

description: Biological membranes act as barriers or reservoirs for many compounds within a human body. They play an important role in the pharmacokinetics of drugs and other molecular species. Until now, most membrane/drug interactions are still inferred from simple partitioning between octanol and water phases. However, the variability among membrane composition and among compounds themselves is beyond such simplification as there are multiple drug-membrane interactions [1]. Nowadays there are also numerous experimental and theoretical approaches on how to obtain them with variable accuracy, but there is no resource for their critical comparison. For this reason, we have built “Molecules on Membranes Database” (MolMeDB)[2] that collects data about compound-membrane interactions including partitioning, penetration, and free energy profiles of drug crossing the membrane along the membrane normal (Figure 1). Input info is collected from scientific articles published in peer-review journals and we added our inhouse calculations of free energy profiles and relevant partitioning and penetration properties from high-throughput COSMOmic [3] approach to set up a baseline for further comparison. Data in the MolMeDB are fully searchable and browsable by means of name, SMILES, membrane, method, or dataset and we offer collected data openly for further reuse. MolMeDB (http://molmedb.upol.cz) is a powerful tool for a better comparison of individual approaches used for the study of molecule/membrane interactions and for the community to evaluate the role of membranes in pharmacology.
description: MolMeDB [http://molmedb.upol.cz/] was built thanks to financial support by Czech Grant Agency project 17-2112S (PI: Karel Berka)
Influence of Weekday and Seasonal Trends on Urgency and In-hospital Mortality of Emergency Department Patients
Creators: name: Hitzek, Jennifer
name: Fischer-Rosinský, Antje
name: Möckel, Martin
name: Kuhlmann, Stella Linnea
name: Slagman, Anna
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: utilization (U)
subject: emergency department (ED)
subject: seasonal trends
subject: temporal trends
subject: urgency
subject: hospital mortality
subject: secondary data analysis
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Given the scarcity of resources, the increasing use of emergency departments (ED) represents a major challenge for the care of emergency patients. Current health policy interventions focus on restructuring emergency care with the help of patient re-direction into outpatient treatment structures. A precise analysis of ED utilization, taking into account treatment urgency, is essential for demand-oriented adjustments of emergency care structures. Methods: Temporal and seasonal trends in the use of EDs were investigated, considering treatment urgency and hospital mortality. Secondary data of 287,119 ED visits between 2015 and 2017 of the two EDs of Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow Klinikum were analyzed. Result: EDs were used significantly more frequently on weekends than on weekdays (Mdn = 290 vs. 245 visits/day; p < 0.001). The proportion of less urgent, outpatient emergency visits on weekends was above average. Holiday periods were characterized by at least 6, and at most 176 additional ED visits. In a comparison of different holidays, most ED visits were observed at New Year (+68% above average). In addition, a significant increase in in-hospital mortality on holidays was evident among inpatients admitted to hospital via the ED (3.0 vs. 3.2%; p < 0.001), with New Year's Day being particularly striking (5.4%). Conclusion: These results suggest that, in particular, the resource planning of outpatient emergency treatment capacities on weekends and holidays should be adapted to the increased volume of non-urgent visits in EDs. Nevertheless, treatment capacities for the care of urgent, inpatient emergencies should not be disregarded and further research projects are necessary to investigate the causes of increased mortality during holiday periods.
Developing Physician Migration Estimates for Workforce Models
Creators: name: Holmes, George M.
name: Fraher, Erin P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: OBJECTIVE: To understand factors affecting specialty heterogeneity in physician migration.

DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: Physicians in the 2009 American Medical Association Masterfile data were matched to those in the 2013 file. Office locations were geocoded in both years to one of 293 areas of the country. Estimated utilization, calculated for each specialty, was used as the primary predictor of migration. Physician characteristics (e.g., specialty, age, sex) were obtained from the 2009 file. Area characteristics and other factors influencing physician migration (e.g., rurality, presence of teaching hospital) were obtained from various sources.

STUDY DESIGN: We modeled physician location decisions as a two-part process: First, the physician decides whether to move. Second, conditional on moving, a conditional logit model estimates the probability a physician moved to a particular area. Separate models were estimated by specialty and whether the physician was a resident.

PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Results differed between specialties and according to whether the physician was a resident in 2009, indicating heterogeneity in responsiveness to policies. Physician migration was higher between geographically proximate states with higher utilization for that specialty.

CONCLUSIONS: Models can be used to estimate specialty-specific migration patterns for more accurate workforce modeling, including simulations to model the effect of policy changes.
Homologous Pairing between Long DNA Double Helices
Creators: name: Mazur, Alexey K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Molecular recognition between two double stranded (ds) DNA with homologous sequences may not seem compatible with the B-DNA structure because the sequence information is hidden when it is used for joining the two strands. Nevertheless, it has to be invoked to account for various biological data. Using quantum chemistry, molecular mechanics, and hints from recent genetics experiments I show here that direct recognition between homologous dsDNA is possible through formation of short quadruplexes due to direct complementary hydrogen bonding of major groove surfaces in parallel alignment. The constraints imposed by the predicted structures of the recognition units determine the mechanism of complexation between long dsDNA. This mechanism and concomitant predictions agree with available experimental data and shed light upon the sequence effects and the possible involvement of topoisomerase II in the recognition.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, Includes Supplemental Material. To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Trust in Educational Settings: Insights and Emerging Research Questions
Creators: name: Bormann, Inka
name: Niedlich, Sebastian
name: Würbel, Iris
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: trust
subject: education
subject: future research
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::370 Bildung und Erziehung::370 Bildung und Erziehung

description: The theoretical and empirical foundations of research on trust in education are still weak. To contribute to a better understanding of the role of trust in educational systems, this final article of the special issue “Trust in educational settings. European perspectives” highlights the findings from the contributions in this special issue and links them to insights and concepts from interdisciplinary trust research. Furthermore, it identifies and discusses seven avenues for future research on trust in educational settings. Thus, this paper and the special issue as a whole aim to highlight relevant avenues for future research, thereby strengthening research on trust in education.
Coherence and linewidth of a continuously pumped atom laser at finite temperature
Creators: name: Lee, Geoffrey M.
name: Haine, Simon A.
name: Bradley, Ashton S.
name: Davis, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A continuous wave atom laser formed by the outcoupling of atoms from a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) potentially has a range of metrological applications. However, in order for the device to be truly continuous, a mechanism to replenish the atoms in the BEC is required. Here we calculate the temporal coherence properties of a continuously pumped atom laser beam outcoupled from a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate which is replenished from a reservoir at finite temperature. We find that the thermal fluctuations of the condensate can significantly decrease the temporal coherence of the output beam due to atomic interactions between the trapped BEC and the beam, and this can impact the metrological usefulness of the device. We demonstrate that a Raman outcoupling scheme imparting a sufficient momentum kick to the atom laser beam can lead to a significantly reduced linewidth.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
A 3D in Silico Multi-Tissue Evolution Model Highlights the Relevance of Local Strain Accumulation in Bone Fracture Remodeling
Creators: name: Perier-Metz, Camille
name: Corté, Laurent
name: Allena, Rachele
name: Checa, Sara
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: bone fracture remodeling
subject: multi-tissue evolution
subject: in silico modeling
subject: in vivo validation
subject: mechanobiology
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Since 5–10% of all bone fractures result in non-healing situations, a thorough understanding of the various bone fracture healing phases is necessary to propose adequate therapeutic strategies. In silico models have greatly contributed to the understanding of the influence of mechanics on tissue formation and resorption during the soft and hard callus phases. However, the late-stage remodeling phase has not been investigated from a mechanobiological viewpoint so far. Here, we propose an in silico multi-tissue evolution model based on mechanical strain accumulation to investigate the mechanobiological regulation of bone remodeling during the late phase of healing. Computer model predictions are compared to histological data of two different pre-clinical studies of bone healing. The model predicted the bone marrow cavity re-opening and the resorption of the external callus. Our results suggest that the local strain accumulation can explain the fracture remodeling process and that this mechanobiological response is conserved among different mammal species. Our study paves the way for further understanding of non-healing situations that could help adapting therapeutic strategies to foster bone healing.
Impacts of Geographic Distance on Peritoneal Dialysis Utilization: Refining Models of Treatment Selection
Creators: name: Sanders, Linda L.
name: Wang, Virginia
name: Maciejewski, Matthew L.
name: Coffman, Cynthia J.
name: Messana, Joseph
name: Hirth, Richard
name: Lee, Shoou-Yih Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between distance to dialysis provider and patient selection of dialysis modality, informed by the absolute distance from a patient's home and relative distance of alternative modalities.

DATA SOURCES: U.S. Renal Data System.

STUDY DESIGN: About 70,131 patients initiating chronic dialysis and 4,795 dialysis facilities in 2006. The primary outcome was patient utilization of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Independent variables included absolute distance between patients' home and the nearest hemodialysis (HD) facility, relative distance between patients' home and nearest PD versus nearest HD facilities, and their interaction. Logistic regression was used to model distance on PD use, controlling for patient and market characteristics.

PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Nine percent of incident dialysis patients used PD in 2006. There was a positive, nonlinear relationship between absolute distance to HD services and PD use (p < .0001), with the magnitude of the effect increasing at greater distances. In terms of relative distance, odds of PD use increased if a PD facility was closer or the same distance as the nearest HD facility (p = .006). Interaction of distance measures to dialysis facilities was not significant.

CONCLUSIONS: Analyses of patient choice between alternative treatments should model distance to reflect all relevant dimensions of geographic access to treatment options.
Toward Sharing Brain Images: Differentially Private TOF-MRA Images With Segmentation Labels Using Generative Adversarial Networks
Creators: name: Kossen, Tabea
name: Hirzel, Manuel A.
name: Madai, Vince I.
name: Boenisch, Franziska
name: Hennemuth, Anja
name: Hildebrand, Kristian
name: Pokutta, Sebastian
name: Sharma, Kartikey
name: Hilbert, Adam
name: Sobesky, Jan
name: Galinovic, Ivana
name: Khalil, Ahmed A.
name: Fiebach, Jochen B.
name: Frey, Dietmar
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: brain vessel segmentation
subject: differential privacy
subject: Generative Adversarial Networks
subject: neuroimaging
subject: privacy preservation
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Sharing labeled data is crucial to acquire large datasets for various Deep Learning applications. In medical imaging, this is often not feasible due to privacy regulations. Whereas anonymization would be a solution, standard techniques have been shown to be partially reversible. Here, synthetic data using a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) with differential privacy guarantees could be a solution to ensure the patient's privacy while maintaining the predictive properties of the data. In this study, we implemented a Wasserstein GAN (WGAN) with and without differential privacy guarantees to generate privacy-preserving labeled Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography (TOF-MRA) image patches for brain vessel segmentation. The synthesized image-label pairs were used to train a U-net which was evaluated in terms of the segmentation performance on real patient images from two different datasets. Additionally, the Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) was calculated between the generated images and the real images to assess their similarity. During the evaluation using the U-Net and the FID, we explored the effect of different levels of privacy which was represented by the parameter ϵ. With stricter privacy guarantees, the segmentation performance and the similarity to the real patient images in terms of FID decreased. Our best segmentation model, trained on synthetic and private data, achieved a Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 0.75 for ϵ = 7.4 compared to 0.84 for ϵ = ∞ in a brain vessel segmentation paradigm (DSC of 0.69 and 0.88 on the second test set, respectively). We identified a threshold of ϵ <5 for which the performance (DSC <0.61) became unstable and not usable. Our synthesized labeled TOF-MRA images with strict privacy guarantees retained predictive properties necessary for segmenting the brain vessels. Although further research is warranted regarding generalizability to other imaging modalities and performance improvement, our results mark an encouraging first step for privacy-preserving data sharing in medical imaging.
P-V criticality in the extended phase space of black holes in massive gravity
Creators: name: Xu, Jianfei
name: Cao, Li-Ming
name: Hu, Ya-Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the P-V criticality and phase transition in the extended phase space of charged anti-de Sitter black holes in canonical ensemble of ghost-free massive gravity, where the cosmological constant is viewed as a dynamical pressure of the black hole system. We give the generalized thermodynamic first law and the Smarr relation with massive gravity correction. We find that not only when the horizon topology is spherical but also in the Ricci flat or hyperbolic case, there appear the P-V criticality and phase transition up to the combination k+c02c2m2 in the four-dimensional case, where k characterizes the horizon curvature and c2m2 is the coefficient of the second term of massive potential associated with the graviton mass. The positivity of such combination indicate the van der Waals-like phase transition. When the spacetime dimension is larger then four, the Maxwell charge there seems unnecessary for the appearance of critical behavior, but a infinite repulsion effect needed, which can also be realized through negative valued c3m2 or c4m2, which is third or fourth term of massive potential. When c3m2 is positive, a Hawking-Page-like black hole to vacuum phase transition is shown in the five-dimensional chargeless case. For the van der Waals-like phase transition in four and five spacetime dimensions, we calculate the critical exponents near the critical point and find they are the same as those in the van der Waals liquid-gas system.
description: 11 pages, 16 figures
Bayesian redshift-space distortions correction from galaxy redshift surveys
Creators: name: Kitaura, Francisco-Shu
name: Ata, Metin
name: Angulo, Raul E.
name: Chuang, Chia-Hsun
name: Rodriguez-Torres, Sergio
name: Monteagudo, Carlos Hernandez
name: Prada, Francisco
name: Yepes, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Bayesian reconstruction method which maps a galaxy distribution from redshift-space to real-space inferring the distances of the individual galaxies. The method is based on sampling density fields assuming a lognormal prior with a likelihood given by the negative binomial distribution function modelling stochastic bias. We assume a deterministic bias given by a power law relating the dark matter density field to the expected halo or galaxy field. Coherent redshift-space distortions are corrected in a Gibbs-sampling procedure by moving the galaxies from redshift-space to real-space according to the peculiar motions derived from the recovered density field using linear theory with the option to include tidal field corrections from second order Lagrangian perturbation theory. The virialised distortions are corrected by sampling candidate real-space positions (being in the neighbourhood of the observations along the line of sight), which are compatible with the bulk flow corrected redshift-space position adding a random dispersion term in high density collapsed regions. The latter are defined according to the eigenvalues of the Hessian. This approach presents an alternative method to estimate the distances to galaxies using the three dimensional spatial information, and assuming isotropy. Hence the number of applications is very broad. In this work we show the potential of this method to constrain the growth rate up to $k$ ~ 0.3 $h$ Mpc$^{-1}$. Furthermore it could be useful to correct for photo-metric redshift errors, and to obtain improved BAO reconstructions.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Overstretching Expectations May Endanger the Success of the “Millennium Surgery”
Creators: name: Bender, Alwina
name: Damm, Philipp
name: Hommel, Hagen
name: Duda, Georg N.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: total hip arthroplasty
subject: loads
subject: sport activities
subject: activity of daily living
subject: age
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an extremely successful treatment strategy. Patient expectations, however, have increased; if not properly guided by surgeons, at present, patients expect next to pain-free restoration of the joint and a fast return to work and sports. While the revision rates after THA also increased in younger patients, knowledge on musculoskeletal loads still remains sparse, and the current recommendations on postoperative rehabilitation are based on expert opinions only. The aim of this study was to unravel biomechanical contact conditions in "working age" (<60 years, 53.5 +/- 3.0 years) and "retirement age" (>60 years, 67.7 +/- 8.6 years) patients during activities recommended post-THA. We hypothesized that working age patients would show substantially increased hip contact loads compared to older patients. The in vivo joint contact force (F-res) and torsion torque (M-tors), reflecting the main contact load situation, experienced during activities of daily living and sports activities were measured in a unique group of 16 patients with instrumented THA. We summarized patient activities and sports recommendations after THA mentioned within the literature using PubMed (without claim of completeness). The measurements showed that younger working age patients experienced significant (p = 0.050) increased M-tors (21.52 +/- 9.11 Nm) than older retirement age patients (13.99 +/- 7.89 Nm) by walking. Bowling, as a recommended low-impact sport, was associated with F-res of up to 5436 N and M-tors of up to 108 Nm in the working age group, which were higher than the F-res (5276 N) and M-tors (71 Nm) during high-impact soccer. Based on our results, age was proven to be a discriminator in joint loading, with working age patients presenting with increased loads compared to retirement age patients, already during daily activities. The current patient recommendations have led to further increased joint loadings. If THA cannot be delayed in a patient, we propose counselling patients on a carefully considered return to sports, focusing on low-impact activities, as indicated hereby. The findings from this work illustrate the need to provide critical feedback to patient expectations when returning to work and sports activities. Patients returning to more intensive sports activities should be carefully monitored and advised to avoid as much overloading as possible.
Der Papst über die Selige Johanna Delanoue, die „Mutter der Armen"
Creators: name: Pius XII., Papst
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 2 Nr. 3 (1947): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 2, Heft 3
Der Papst über den „kleinen Weg" der Heiligen Therese von Lisieux
Creators: name: Pius XII., Papst
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 2 Nr. 3 (1947): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 2, Heft 3
HOW THE PERCEPTION OF WOMEN IN STAR WARS CHANGES
Creators: name: Colon, Alexis L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Star Wars
Feminism
Pop culture
Women in Star Wars

description: In 1977, Star Wars hit the screens as an overwhelming success; yet despite its popularity, it has struggled with diversity and inclusivity from the time of its creation until today. I examined the development of women present throughout the Star Wars Skywalker Saga by looking at the nine episodes of Star Wars, Star Wars books, and The Clone Wars animated movie and series. The portrayal of females within the franchise has changed as time passes – in particular with an accelerated transformation when Disney purchased Star Wars in 2012. For example, in Return of the Jedi, Carrie Fisher’s Princess Leia is forced to be Jabba the Hutts’ slave and is dubbed “Slave Leia,” but a book published in 2016 titled Bloodline renames her to Huttslayer, aligning with the women’s rights movements and giving Leia back her power. By looking at the creation of the Star Wars universe, the impact of the franchise on fans, as well as Disney’s purchase of the franchise in 2012, it is clear that what began as one movie marketed towards males slowly began to create more content and characters for an audience that included women. The Disney Star Wars sequels star the first jedi female lead; however, the simple act of inclusion does not erase the fact that Rey’s story is nearly identical to her male predecessor’s, Luke Skywalker. With that said, there is a positive progression of how women in Star Wars are treated on and off the screen, but – as with anything – there is always room for improvement.
Der Papst über die Verbesserung der Lebensbedingungen des Arbeiters
Creators: name: Pius XII., Papst
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 2 Nr. 3 (1947): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 2, Heft 3