cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal conditions for EWE at the European scale
Creators: name: Acácio, Vanda
name: Sequeira, Ana Catarina
name: Dias, Susana
name: Duarte, Inês M
name: Nunes, Leónia
name: Colaço, Conceição
name: Skulska, Iryna
name: Rego, Francisco C
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This report aims to identify pre-fire landscape composition, dynamics and configuration associated with the occurrence of Extreme Wildfire Events (EWE) in Europe in 2000-2022. A set of 137 EWE were compiled into a database, using literature revision and statistical analyses. Corine Land Cover (CLC) data was used to analyze landscape composition, configuration and dynamics of selected EWE and corresponding unburned buffers, divided into distinct EWE categories: outliers in fire size at European scale (≥ 7400 ha), fires with reported extreme behavior and operationality (< 7400 ha), and historical anomalies in fire size/impacts at the national scale (< 7400 ha). There is an increasing temporal trend in EWE in Europe in 2000-2022. Pre-fire landscape characteristics showed consistent patterns associated with EWE occurrence such as: lower agricultural land area (for most countries), higher scrubland area (for southern countries), and higher peatland area (for northern countries). Unburned perimeters presented higher land cover diversity for all countries and EWE selected, and larger patches (on average) of agricultural lands for most EWE, in comparison to burned perimeters. Wildland-urban interface was higher in burned perimeters than in surrounding unburned buffers in southern countries, while absent in northern countries. Future landscape composition in 2018-2102 show an increasing area occupied by scrub/herbaceous vegetation for the Mediterranean region, representing an increasing fire risk. This report provides information to promote EWE resistant/resilient landscapes and improve modelling projections and decision support systems.

Key words: extreme wildfire events (EWE), landscape dynamics, landscape composition and configuration, LULC
Repulsons in the Myers-Perry Family
Creators: name: Gibbons, Gary
name: Kodama, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we show that curvature-regular asymptotically flat solitons with negative mass are contained in the Myers-Perry family of odd spacetime dimensions. These solitons do not have a horizon, but instead a conical singularity of quasi-regular nature surrounded by naked CTCs. This quasi-regular singularity can be made regular for a set of discrete values of angular momentum, at least for the Myers-Perry solutions with UG(N) symmetry. Although the time coordinate is required to have a periodicity at infinity and the spatial infinity becomes a lens space S^{D-2}/Z_n, the corresponding spacetime is simply connected, and the CTCs cannot be eliminated by taking a covering spacetime.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures. Minor corrections related to citation
Risk and protective factors for psychopathology in adolescence
Creators: name: Cunningham, Elysia Jeanette Rose
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Mental health research suggests incarcerated adolescents display similar rates of behavioural and emotional disorders as youth in psychiatric care. Several factors appear to be related to psychological problems during adolescence, including: intellectual disability; unhealthy family environments; childhood abuse (sexual, physical and emotional abuse, and neglect); substance abuse; and poverty. In addition factors such as parental mental illness, lack of perceived support, divorce, and single-parent families have been linked to mental illness in adolescence. However, recent research indicates that a number of factors, such as personality traits, social support, and emotional intelligence, may act as mediators or protective factors against developing mental illness in adolescence. The current study examined the rate of different forms of psychological disturbance in a group of adolescents involved in the youth justice system compared to a general high school sample (N = 145). Further, the study attempted to identify the combination of emotional, intellectual, and psychosocial risk and protective factors that best predict mental health status within these groups of adolescents. The rate of psychological disturbances between the groups was examined using MANOVA and MANCOVA, with the risk and protective factors for mental illness being examined with logistic regression techniques. The MANCOVA results identified significant differences between the youth justice and high school groups across five mental illness subscales: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Conduct Disorder, Separation Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Adjustment Disorder. The youth justice group was found to display significantly higher scores on these five subscales. Binary logistic regression analyses identified a pattern of intellectual, emotional and psychosocial factors that contribute to the prediction of clinically significant mental health problems for both groups of adolescents. Some of the key factors identified include neuroticism, criminal conviction history, psychoticism, stress management skills, higher general mood, and intrapersonal skills. While the results for the differences between the groups on the psychopathology subscales are consistent with previous research, the number of predictive factors that contributed to risk for mental illness were fewer than previously identified. The results of the present study will enable the development of screening tools to identify those adolescents in youth detention that are at highest risk of emerging psychological disorders. Use of a screening tool has the potential to significantly improve mental health outcomes due to such an instrument being able to indicate a need for early intervention.
title: A Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Elementary School Grouping Practices on Selected Personality Variables
Creators: name: Swaner, Clarence D.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1962

description: The relative advantages or disadvantages associated with the practice of grouping school children according to ability level has long been the subject of considerable discussion among educators. The general tendency has been for educators to divide into two camps: Those who expound the various merits of homogeneous grouping, and those who favor and support heterogeneous grouping practices, Less common, but acknowledged, are those educators who favor a combination of the two methods. Research dealing with the relative value of either method has usually been concerned with only one aspect of the problem--that of academic achievement. However, the.efforts of several investigators (Luchins and Luchins, 1948; Mathias, 1959; Tonsor, 1953) have suggested that different grouping practices may have differential effects upon the social adjustment and personality development of the pupil as well. As the total development of the child is of primary importance in the educational process, an investigation of the differential effects inherent in either of these methods of grouping would seem to be of value.
title: Pupil Attitudes Toward School, Peers, and Teachers Under Ability-Grouped and Random-Grouped Systems in Weber and Ogden School Districts
Creators: name: Christensen, Val R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1964

description: Attitudes are usually defined as feelings for or against something (Remmers and Gage, 1955). They are very important in the lives of people because they help determine future success in an individual's life. Because of them one works to get the things he wants, one votes for or against certain issues, one joins a cause, opposes something, or attempts to influence others.
High-resolution stratigraphy of the Newark rift basin (early Mesozoic, eastern North America)
Creators: name: Olsen, Paul E.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Cornet, Bruce
name: Witte, William K.
name: Schlische, Roy W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Geology, Stratigraphic

description: Virtually the entire Late Triassic and earliest Jurassic age section of the early Mesozoic Newark continental rift basin has been recovered in over 6770 m of continuous core as part of the Newark Basin Coring Project (NBCP). Core was collected using an offset drilling method at seven sites in the central part of the basin. The cores span most of the fluvial Stockton Formation, all of the lacustrine Lockatong and Passaic formations, the Orange Mountain Basalt, and nearly all of the lacustrine Feltville Formation. The cores allow for the first time the full Triassic-age part of the Newark basin stratigraphic sequence to be described in detail. This includes the gray, purple, and red, mostly fluvial Stockton Formation as well as the 53 members that make up the lacustrine Lockatong (mostly gray and black) and Passaic (mostly red) formations. The nearly 25% overlap zones between each of the stratigraphically adjacent cores are used to test lateral correlations in detail, scale the cores to one another, and combine them in a 4660-m-thick composite section. This composite shows that the entire post-Stockton sedimentary section consists of a hierarchy of sedimentary cycles, thought to be of Milankovitch climate cycle origin. Lithostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic correlations between core overlap zones and outcrops demonstrate that the individual sedimentary cycles can be traced essentially basinwide. The agreement between the cyclostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy shows both the cycles and the polarity boundaries to be isochronous horizons. Detailed analysis of the Newark basin shows that high-resolution cyclostratigraphy is possible in lacustrine, primarily red-bed rift sequences and provides a fine-scale framework for global correlations and an understanding of continental tropical climate change.
Large scale galactic turbulence: can self-gravity drive the observed HI velocity dispersions?
Creators: name: Agertz, Oscar
name: Lake, George
name: Teyssier, Romain
name: Moore, Ben
name: Mayer, Lucio
name: Romeo, Alessandro B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of turbulent velocity dispersions in the HI component of galactic disks show a characteristic floor in galaxies with low star formation rates and within individual galaxies the dispersion profiles decline with radius. We carry out several high resolution adaptive mesh simulations of gaseous disks embedded within dark matter haloes to explore the roles of cooling, star-formation, feedback, shearing motions and baryon fraction in driving turbulent motions. In all simulations the disk slowly cools until gravitational and thermal instabilities give rise to a multi-phase medium in which a large population of dense self-gravitating cold clouds are embedded within a warm gaseous phase that forms through shock heating. The diffuse gas is highly turbulent and is an outcome of large scale driving of global non-axisymmetric modes as well as cloud-cloud tidal interactions and merging. At low star-formation rates these processes alone can explain the observed HI velocity dispersion profiles and the characteristic value of ~10 km/s observed within a wide range of disk galaxies. Supernovae feedback creates a significant hot gaseous phase and is an important driver of turbulence in galaxies with a star-formation rate per unit area >10^-3 M_sun/yr/kpc^2.
description: 18 pages, 23 figures, MNRAS accepted. Typos and minor errors corrected. A version with high-resolution figures can be found at http://www-theorie.physik.unizh.ch/~agertz/DISK/
Effective Polyakov Loop Dynamics for Finite Temperature G(2) Gluodynamics
Creators: name: Wellegehausen, Bjoern H.
name: Wipf, Andreas
name: Wozar, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the strong coupling expansion we obtain effective 3-dimensional models for the Polyakov loop in finite-temperature G_2 gluodynamics. The Svetitsky-Jaffe conjecture relates the resulting continuous spin models with G_2 gluodynamics near phase transition points. In the present work we analyse the effective theory in leading order with the help of a generalised mean field approximation and with detailed Monte-Carlo simulations. In addition we derive a Potts-type discrete spin model by restricting the characters of the Polyakov loops to the three extremal points of the fundamental domain of G_2. Both the continuous and discrete effective models show a rich phase structure with a ferromagnetic, symmetric and several anti-ferromagnetic phases. The phase diagram contains first and second order transition lines and tricritical points. The modified mean field predictions compare very well with the results of our simulations.
description: 10 pages, 14 figures
title: Children's Friends in Ability vs. Randomly Grouped Classrooms
Creators: name: Griffin, Nolan Kay
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1964

description: For over forty years ability grouping has been of professional concern to educators in the United States (Reisner, 1936). There have been fundamental changes in educational theory and practice during that time, one of which is the recognition that educational practices must adjust to individual differences. The interpretation of "equal opportunity" in education has gradually changed from meaning the same methods, standards, and course content for all children, to meaning the full opportunity for each child to develop his own potential in a school program suited to his individual capacities and needs.
The interpersonal relationships and social development of school children have received an increasing amount of attention as we have come to realize the pervasive effect they have on educational objectives and as optimal social adjustment has itself become one of these objectives. As Brumbaugh (1960, p. 99) has pointed out: Mental health and social adjustment are words to conjure with when there is discussion about separate grouping. A half century ago, the fear was that stigma would attach to a child in a special class for those with below average intelligence. It is now replaced by anxiety lest those at the other end of the scale would have feelings of superiority and become egotistical little snobs.
There are enough studies of children in such classes to indicate that this does not happen but there is also some evidence that there are concomitant effects which are used to oppose ability grouping on a "social segregation" argument. Taba et al. (1952) as an example of this point of view write: Of special interest for intergroup education is the fact that the static single bases for grouping have almost always fixed homogeneity simultaneously along lines of socioeconomic status, race, and religious background. For example, any type of ability grouping also inadervertently introduces segregation by economic class, race, and neighborhood. Because of their cultural handicaps, children from deviant backgrounds tend to be at the bottom of the heap, as far as school achievement is concerned. Hence, in ability grouping, they are thrown together and separated from other children.... This segregation, of course, prevents learning common culture by association with other children. The stigma attached to the lower ability groups further destroys motivation and self-respect, Thus, a basis is built for both physical and psychological isolation. (pp. 138-1939)
The Role of Botanicals and Their AhR-Active Compounds in Estrogen Chemical Carcinogenesis
Creators: name: Hitzman, Ryan Thomas
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Botanical dietary supplements (BDS) are increasingly popular and may provide resilience in women. Women’s health BDS were initially evaluated for an ability to influence the estrogen detoxification pathways. Estrogen detoxification involves the 2-catechol metabolism of estrogens by P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), which is transcribed by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). AhR, however, may also transcribe P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) which metabolizes estrogens to their 4-catechol form. Upon oxidation, the 4-catechol estrogens form genotoxic quinones. Estrogen may activate the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) which causes the epigenetic inhibition of CYP1A1, leading to preferential metabolism of estrogens by P450 1B1 and the genotoxic pathway of estrogen metabolism. Certain botanicals and bioactive compounds may reverse epigenetic inhibition of AhR-dependent CYP1A1 transcription, and therefore reverse AhR-ERα crosstalk. Botanical extracts which led to preferential transcription of CYP1A1 over CYP1B1 included H. lupulus (hops), hydrolyzed Epimedium (horny goat weed), and Alaskan R. rosea (rose root). Botanicals with known AhR agonists such as hops, containing 6-prenylnaringenin (6-PN), and T. pratense (red clover), containing formononetin and biochanin A, were further evaluated for their influence on the estrogen detoxification pathway. Red clover was subjected to fractionation to produce fractions rich in their AhR agonists or irilone. Irilone potentiated AhR activity but reduced AhR-dependent transcription. Overall, no red clover fractions increased estrogen detoxification activity. Hops and 6-PN were able degrade ERα through AhR-dependent mechanisms and reverse estrogen induced DNA methyl transferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibition of CYP1A1, leading to preferential metabolism of estrogens to their detoxified form. Based on these promising results for the resilience potential of hops in vitro a standardized clinical hop extract was chosen for an in vivo safety and distribution study. Hop extract was shown to be safe in this short study. Xanthohumol was the most prevalent compound in tissues, but estrogenic 8-prenylaringenin and AhR agonist 6-PN were also present. Overall, the distribution of 6-PN in hormone sensitive tissues and safety of hops speaks to its resilience potential in vivo, but more studies are needed to formulate the resilience profile of hops, even though hop BDS are widely available.
Additional file 2 of Assessing professional identity formation (PIF) amongst medical students in Oncology and Palliative Medicine postings: a SEBA guided scoping review
Creators: name: Teo, Kelly Jia Hui
name: Teo, Mac Yu Kai
name: Pisupati, Anushka
name: Ong, Rui Song Ryan
name: Goh, Chloe Keyi
name: Seah, Claire Hui Xian
name: Toh, You Ru
name: Burla, Neha
name: Koh, Natalie Song Yi
name: Tay, Kuang Teck
name: Ong, Yun Ting
name: Chiam, Min
name: Fong, Warren
name: Wijaya, Limin
name: Goh, Suzanne Pei Lin
name: Krishna, Lalit Kumar Radha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Appendix B. Tabulated summaries.
CPCP: Colorado Plateau Coring Project — 100 Million Years of Early Mesozoic Climatic, Tectonic, and Biotic Evolution of an Epicontinental Basin Complex
Creators: name: Olsen, Paul E.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Geissman, John W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Early Mesozoic epicontinental basins of western North America contain a spectacular record of the climatic and tectonic development of northwestern Pangea as well as what is arguably the world's richest and most-studied Triassic-Jurassic continental biota. The Colorado Plateau and its environs (Fig. 1) expose the textbook example of these layered sedimentary records (Fig. 2). Intensely studied since the mid-nineteenth century, the basins, their strata, and their fossils have stimulated hypotheses on the development of the Early Mesozoic world as reflected in the international literature. Despite this long history of research, the lack of numerical time calibration, the presence of major uncertainties in global correlations, and an absence of entire suites of environmental proxies still loom large and prevent integration of this immense environmental repository into a useful global picture. Practically insurmountable obstacles to outcrop sampling require a scientific drilling experiment to recover key sedimentary sections that will transform our understanding of the Early Mesozoic world.
Simulations of magneto-hydrodynamic waves in atmospheres of roAp stars
Creators: name: Khomenko, E.
name: Kochukhov, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report 2D time-dependent non-linear magneto-hydrodynamical simulations of waves in the atmospheres of roAp stars. We explore a grid of simulations in a wide parameter space. The aim of our study is to understand the influence of the atmosphere and the magnetic field on the propagation and reflection properties of magneto-acoustic waves, formation of shocks and node layers.
description: 2 pages, Proceedings of the IAU Symposium 259, "Cosmic Magnetic Fields: From Planets, to Stars and Galaxies", November 2008
title: Informational and Teaching Effects on Changes in Prejudice of College Students
Creators: name: Ashman, Nolan E.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1965

description: An attempt was made in the present research to investigate the effects of informational source, instructional differences, environment in the college, and awareness of ethnic and religious attitudes as the result of the administration of the test instrument.
Subjects used in the study were drawn from courses in general psychology and basic orientation courses in engineering. All subjects were presented with a revision of the Bogardus Social Distance Scale following the fall quarter of instruction (1960-61 academic year). All but a control group taken from one psychology section received the same scale at the beginning of the instructional period.
Since the engineering course offered no female subjects, and since sex differences were detected, comparisons for instructional source was limited to male students. Other comparisons were made between male subjects in the various psychology sections. Additional comparisons were made between female subjects within and between psychology sections.
The results of these comparisons as they related to they hypotheses presented would suggest:

There are differences in the way male and female subjects respond on the Bogardus scale.
Engineering subjects demonstrated initially lower scores as measured in the pre-test situation.
Psychology males demonstrated significantly greater change in the direction hypothesized than did engineering males.
Instructional differences were noted and conclusions for such differences were ventured.
The hypothesis presented to account for college "atmosphere" was rejected since all sections did not exhibit changes during the instructional period.
The presentation of the test instrument resulted in an opposite effect from that hypothesized. Some conclusions were offered as an attempt to explain this effect.
Addressing the bias in Monte Carlo pricing of multi-asset options with multiple barriers through discrete sampling
Creators: name: Shevchenko, P. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: An efficient conditioning technique, the so-called Brownian Bridge simulation, has previously been applied to eliminate pricing bias that arises in applications of the standard discrete-time Monte Carlo method to evaluate options written on the continuous-time extrema of an underlying asset. It is based on the simple and easy to implement analytic formulas for the distribution of one-dimensional Brownian Bridge extremes. This paper extends the technique to the valuation of multi-asset options with knock-out barriers imposed for all or some of the underlying assets. We derive formula for the unbiased option price estimator based on the joint distribution of the multi-dimensional Brownian Bridge dependent extrema. As analytic formulas are not available for the joint distribution in general, we develop upper and lower biased option price estimators based on the distribution of independent extrema and the Fréchet lower and upper bounds for the unknown distribution. All estimators are simple and easy to implement. They can always be used to bind the true value by a confidence interval. Numerical tests indicate that our biased estimators converge rapidly to the true option value as the number of time steps for the asset path simulation increases in comparison to the estimator based on the standard discrete-time method. The convergence rate depends on the correlation and barrier structures of the underlying assets.
Thermal drilling and deep ice-temperature measurements on the Fox Glacier, Yukon
Creators: name: Classen, David Farley
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: During the summer of 1969 a thermal drilling and deep ice-temperature measurement program was carried out on the Fox Glacier, Yukon Territory. The thermal drilling resulted in seven instrumented holes at six locations on the glacier, three reaching bedrock. Temperature measurements indicated that the glacier was below the pressure-melting point throughout and that memory of a disturbed thermal regime existed. Estimates of geothermal heat flow were determined and an anomalous value of 4.73 μcal/cm² sec obtained. Bottom temperature models were developed which indicate the possibility of basal melting.
TA'LIM MUASSASALARI  XODIMLARINI MODDIY RAG'BATLANTIRISH TIZIMINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH YO'LLARI
Creators: name: Abdualimov, Xabibullo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: O'qituvchilarning ishi olijanoblikdir. O'qituvchining kundalik vazifasi ta'lim sifatini oshirish va talabalarni namunali, malakali, aqlli va olijanob bo'lishga yo'naltirishdir. O'qituvchi uchun talabalarni yaxshiroq inson bo'lishga yo'naltirish oson emas. O'qituvchining oylik maoshi unchalik katta emas, o'qituvchining hayoti kafolatlangan va farovon bo'lishi uchun o'qituvchiga qo'shimcha pul va rag'batlar kerak bo'ladi. Rag'batlantirish-bu o'qituvchilarga beriladigan qo'shimcha pul.
Long-period Milankovitch cycles from the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic of eastern North America . . .
Creators: name: Olsen, Paul E.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Paleoclimatology

description: During the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic the Newark rift basin of the northeastern US accumulated in excess 5 km of continental, mostly lacustrine strata that show a profound cyclicity previously interpreted as caused by the astronomical forcing of tropical climate. The Newark record is known virtually in its entirety as a result of scientific and other coring and provides what is arguably one of the longest records of climate cyclicity available. Two proxies of water depth and hence climate in this record are a classification of sedimentary structures (depth ranks) and sediment colour. The depth rank and colour depth series display a full range of climatic precession related cycles. Here, we tune the depth rank and colour records to the 404 ka astronomical cycle and use this tuned record to explore the existence and origin of very long-period climate. We find highly significant periods of climatic precession modulation at periods of ca.1.75 Ma, 1 Ma and 700 ka in not only the depth rank and colour records, but also in the sedimentation rate curve derived from the tuning process. We then use the colour and depth rank time-series to construct an astronomically tuned time-scale for the Late Triassic. While the Newark higher-frequency eccentricity cycles that modulate precession are indistinguishable from today, the 1.75 Ma cycle is significantly different from predictions based on the present day fundamental frequencies of the planets (i.e. 2.5 Ma) and provides the first geological evidence of the chaotic behaviour of the inner planets, otherwise known only from numerical calculations.
Nuclear Emulsion Film Detectors for Proton Radiography: Design and Test of the First Prototype
Creators: name: Braccini, S.
name: Ereditato, A.
name: Kreslo, I.
name: Moser, U.
name: Pistillo, C.
name: Scampoli, P.
name: Studer, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Proton therapy is nowadays becoming a wide spread clinical practice in cancer therapy and sophisticated treatment planning systems are routinely used to exploit at best the ballistic properties of charged particles. The information on the quality of the beams and the range of the protons is a key issue for the optimization of the treatment. For this purpose, proton radiography can be used in proton therapy to obtain direct information on the range of the protons, on the average density of the tissues for treatment planning optimization and to perform imaging with negligible dose to the patient. We propose an innovative method based on nuclear emulsion film detectors for proton radiography, a technique in which images are obtained by measuring the position and the residual range of protons passing through the patient's body. Nuclear emulsion films interleaved with tissue equivalent absorbers can be fruitfully used to reconstruct proton tracks with very high precision. The first prototype of a nuclear emulsion based detector has been conceived, constructed and tested with a therapeutic proton beam at PSI. The scanning of the emulsions has been performed at LHEP in Bern, where a fully automated microscopic scanning technology has been developed for the OPERA experiment on neutrino oscillations. After track reconstruction, the first promising experimental results have been obtained by imaging a simple phantom made of PMMA with a step of 1 cm. A second phantom with five 5 x 5 mm^2 section aluminum rods located at different distances and embedded in a PMMA structure has been also imaged. Further investigations are in progress to improve the resolution and to image more sophisticated phantoms.
description: Presented at the 11th ICATPP Conference on Astroparticle, Particle, Space Physics, Detectors and Medical Physics Applications, Como (Italy), October 2009
Additional file 1 of Assessing professional identity formation (PIF) amongst medical students in Oncology and Palliative Medicine postings: a SEBA guided scoping review
Creators: name: Teo, Kelly Jia Hui
name: Teo, Mac Yu Kai
name: Pisupati, Anushka
name: Ong, Rui Song Ryan
name: Goh, Chloe Keyi
name: Seah, Claire Hui Xian
name: Toh, You Ru
name: Burla, Neha
name: Koh, Natalie Song Yi
name: Tay, Kuang Teck
name: Ong, Yun Ting
name: Chiam, Min
name: Fong, Warren
name: Wijaya, Limin
name: Goh, Suzanne Pei Lin
name: Krishna, Lalit Kumar Radha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Appendix A. Full Search Strategy.
Tasmanian tin smelters 1874-1901
Creators: name: Palmer, DJ
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: In October 1929 the Mount Bischoff smelting works in Launceston closed after operating for fifty-five years and smelting over 200,000 tons of tin ore at an estimated value to the Tasmanian economy of ¬¨¬£20 million. It was the last tin smelter in Tasmania, and the sole survivor of the tin smelters that were built in the period 1874-1900. This thesis documents the history of these smelters and examines why they were built and why they failed. In the nineteenth century tin was widely used in pewter, solder, bronze, typemetal and for making the tin cans used for preserving food. However, tin was mined in relatively few countries. Australia was the world's largest tin producer in the decade 1873-1882 and in the 1880s Tasmania was the largest producer in Australia. In Tasmania tin was mined at Mount Bischoff, which was discovered in 1871 by James 'Philosopher' Smith, and in the north-east, around Ringarooma and the Blue Tier, where tin was discovered in 1874. Geoffrey Blainey, an eminent historian, indicates that the discovery of tin in Tasmania 'blew away the depression and lifted Tasmania in the late 1870s into its most prosperous era of the century'. This importance is reflected in the large number of historical studies of Tasmanian tin mines, including books on Mount Bischoff and on the north-east tin mines and articles by historians Nic Haygarth and Greg Jackman.
Percolation on correlated networks
Creators: name: Goltsev, A. V.
name: Dorogovtsev, S. N.
name: Mendes, J. F. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We reconsider the problem of percolation on an equilibrium random network with degree-degree correlations between nearest-neighboring vertices focusing on critical singularities at a percolation threshold. We obtain criteria for degree-degree correlations to be irrelevant for critical singularities. We present examples of networks in which assortative and disassortative mixing leads to unusual percolation properties and new critical exponents.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Completely splittable representations of affine Hecke-Clifford algebras
Creators: name: Wan, Jinkui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We classify and construct irreducible completely splittable representations of affine and finite Hecke-Clifford algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic not equal to 2.
description: 39 pages, v2, added a new reference with comments in section 4.4, added two examples (Example 5.4 and Example 5.11) in section 5, mild corrections of some typos, to appear in J. Algebraic Combinatorics
Paleomagnetism of Siluro-Devonian rocks from eastern Maine
Creators: name: Opdyke, Neil D.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1980
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: A diverse suite of rocks was collected for paleomagnetic study from two formations in the Eastport area of northeastern Maine: 18 sites (103 samples) from redbeds and diabase sills of the Hersey Formation (uppermost Silurian to Lower Devonian) and 14 sites (74 samples) from lavas, redbeds, and calcareous nodules of the Eastport Formation (Lower Devonian; Rb/Sr age 412 Ma). Characteristic magnetizations based on AF and thermal demagnetization analyses give mean directions, after simple correction for bedding tilt, of D = 163.6°, I = 41.3°, α_95 = 6.3°, for N = 16 sites in the Hersey, and D = 179.3°, I = 38.0°, α_95 = 9.4°, for N = 14 sites in the Eastport Formation. Baked contact relations, the presence of opposite polarities, and the similarity in directions over different rock types and magnetic carriers point to an acquisition of magnetization near to the time of rock formation. The mean directions correspond to (south) paleopole positions at 19.8°S lat., 308.8°E long. (δp, δm = 4.7°, 7.7°) for the Hersey and 23.7°S lat., 293.7°E long. (δp, δm = 6.6°, 11.1°) for the Eastport Formation. These paleopoles are removed from the Upper Silurian Bloomsburg Formation pole, but are in reasonable agreement with similar age results from central Newfoundland, suggesting that the Acadia displaced terrain encompassed these areas. Siluro-Devonian paleopoles from intrusive rocks in northeastern North America are generally widely divergent and these may not be providing an accurate record of paleomagnetic field in all cases.
title: Classical Conditioning and Immune Reactivity in Rats
Creators: name: Czajkowski, Laura Anne
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1988

description: Psychoneuroimmunology is an interdisciplinary area that examines the interaction between behavior, the central nervous system, and the immune system. Many investigations have utilized a taste aversion paradigm to examine the effects of classical conditioning on an immune response. The procedure generally consists of an animal ingesting a novel flavor, and then being made ill and immunosuppressed by injection of a pharmacological agent. The animal is provided access to that flavor at a later time. The rejection of the novel flavor on the test day is called taste aversion and the depressed antibody titer has been labeled conditioned immunosuppression.
The present research was designed condition a secondary immune response and expand the evaluation of such conditioning to include both antibody titer and affinity. The Enzyme Linked Immunoassay was also introduced as the procedure of choice to quantify immune reactivity.
A depression in antibody titer and affinity was found following exposure to three of four test trials. Taste aversion did not correlate with the immune response as increased consumption of the novel flavor was exhibited on the third and fourth test trial.
In the second experiment, the dosage of cyclophosphamide was increased. A depression in antibody affinity was found after the third and fourth test trials, which was consistent with the results of the first experiment. Unlike the first experiment, a depression in antibody titer was not attained on test days. Although taste aversion was observed in the treatment group on three of the four test trials, it had extinguished by test four.
The results support the concept of conditioned suppression of an antigen specific immune response by exposure to the taste aversion paradigm. An important contribution of the present research was the use and modification of a precise and sensitive assay for quantification of titer and affinity; the demonstration of conditioned suppression in both antibody titer and affinity; and the demonstration of conditioned immunosuppression with a single component CS.
Analysis and visualization techniques for integrating remotely sensed sea ice data with plankton observations
Creators: name: Feng, Jun
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The study of sea ice dynamics and zooplankton in the Southern Ocean has been undertaken over a long period. Antarctic sea ice is monitored by a number of Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) instruments. SSM/I is a passive microwave radiometric system and operated by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program. Analysed data comprising sea ice concentrations are routinely produced on a 25-km grid and there is a complete collection covering the years from 1987 to 2007. Over many years of zooplankton observations in Southern Ocean a large amount of information has been collected using the Continuous Plankton Recorder. The latest survey aims to study regional, seasonal, inter-annual and long-term variability in zooplankton abundance, species composition, and distribution patterns in the Southern Ocean zooplankton communities (Hosie et al. 2003). Visualisation techniques are used to display these two important data sets. They can facilitate the observation, analysis and the effective prediction of dynamics of the sea ice and zooplankton. This research utilised data sets provided by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) and obtained as part of their recent study of the Southern Ocean in the region of between 50¬¨‚àûE and 150¬¨‚àûE, and south of 60¬¨‚àûS. The research has demonstrated some of the opportunities provided by the use of scientific visualisation to present satellite images of the sea ice and associated zooplankton information to the researchers. It will assist the researchers to analyse the data characteristics, observing dynamic effects by manipulating user interactive simulations. The research has also confirmed that, compared to the manual approaches currently employed, it is a time saving process achieved by customized computational analysis of large of datasets.
Scientific and Technological Development of Hadrontherapy
Creators: name: Braccini, Saverio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hadrontherapy is a novel technique of cancer radiation therapy which employs beams of charged hadrons, protons and carbon ions in particular. Due to their physical and radiobiological properties, they allow one to obtain a more conformal treatment with respect to photons used in conventional radiation therapy, sparing better the healthy tissues located in proximity of the tumour and allowing a higher control of the disease. Hadrontherapy is the direct application of research in high energy physics, making use of specifically conceived particle accelerators and detectors. Protons can be considered today a very important tool in clinical practice due to the several hospital-based centres in operation and to the continuously increasing number of facilities proposed worldwide. Very promising results have been obtained with carbon ion beams, especially in the treatment of specific radio resistant tumours. To optimize the use of charged hadron beams in cancer therapy, a continuous technological challenge is leading to the conception and to the development of innovative methods and instruments. The present status of hadrontherapy is reviewed together with the future scientific and technological perspectives of this discipline.
description: Presented at the 11th ICATPP Conference on Astroparticle, Particle, Space Physics, Detectors and Medical Physics Applications, Como (Italy), October 2009
title: The Effects of Reinforcement Magnitude and Temporal Contingencies on Pre-Ratio Pause Duration
Creators: name: Bonem, Marilyn K.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1988

description: The present study was conducted to determine whether conjugate magnitude and temporal contingencies were effective in increasing the pre-ratio pause (PRP) duration and to determine the controlling variables that govern such contingencies. It has been reported in the literature that magnitude of reinforcement, if presented contingently, is effective in controlling performance and that inserting intervals of blackout (BO), during which responding does not lead to reinforcement, virtually always leads to control of responding, even though it has not been presented contingently. The conjugate schedules experimentally arranged reinforcement such that the longer the PRP, the longer was the duration of access to reinforcement and/or the shorter was the BO, located either after reinforcement or after the response.
The results of this study demonstrated that the major independent variable which controlled mean PRP duration on the various conjugate reinforcement schedules studied was the delay between the response and reinforcement. The duration of the PRP was not reliably controlled by a contingency which equated PRP duration with reinforcement duration, nor by a contingency which, through imposition of a delay to trial onset, held the local delay to reinforcement constant. Additionally, cycle-to-cycle variation in reinforcement magnitude, whether presented contingently or noncontingently on PRP duration, had no reliable effect on PRP duration when compared to FR 1. The primary effect of variation in the duration of reinforcement was to reduce the variability, not the duration, of the PRP.
The results of the study are briefly discussed in terms of a number of theories. These include: the maximization account (Logan, 1960); the matching law (Herrnstein, 1970); Harzem and Harzem's (1981) theory describing the unconditioned inhibitory stimulus function of reinforcement; behavioral contrast (Reynolds, 1961); and Dews' (1981) account of the importance of a response-reinforcer contiguity relation.
Viscous Remanent Magnetization in Basalt Samples
Creators: name: Lowrie, William
name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Remanent magnetization measurements were made on four specimens of fresh, fine-to coarse-grained basalt from Site 321 and seven specimens of fresh medium-grained diabase at Hole 319A. The natural remanent magnetizations of these rocks were very unstable, characterized by median destructive fields of less than 100 oe in every sample and large directional changes during partial demagnetization. The samples were able to acquire large viscous remanences (VRM) in the laboratory in a 1.0-oe field. Moreover, the intensity of VRM acquired in the presence of the NRM was twice that acquired under similar conditions but after AF demagnetization. Whether acquired from the demagnetized or NRM state, the VRM acquired in 500 hr amounted to a very large fraction of the NRM intensity, particularly at Hole 319A. These results suggest that the large vertical component of magnetization observed in samples from this site may be in part a VRM acquired while drilling the hole in the presence of the drill pipe ambient field.
Additional file 3 of Assessing professional identity formation (PIF) amongst medical students in Oncology and Palliative Medicine postings: a SEBA guided scoping review
Creators: name: Teo, Kelly Jia Hui
name: Teo, Mac Yu Kai
name: Pisupati, Anushka
name: Ong, Rui Song Ryan
name: Goh, Chloe Keyi
name: Seah, Claire Hui Xian
name: Toh, You Ru
name: Burla, Neha
name: Koh, Natalie Song Yi
name: Tay, Kuang Teck
name: Ong, Yun Ting
name: Chiam, Min
name: Fong, Warren
name: Wijaya, Limin
name: Goh, Suzanne Pei Lin
name: Krishna, Lalit Kumar Radha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Appendix C. Stage-based nature of PIF.
Oligocene-Miocene biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, and isotopic stratigraphy of the western North Atlantic
Creators: name: Miller, Kenneth G.
name: Aubry, Marie-Pierre
name: Khan, M. Javed
name: Melillo, A. J.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Berggren, William A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Magnetostratigraphic records from western North Atlantic Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Sites 563 and 558 are correlated with the geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS; Berggren et aI., 1984a, 1984b) using marine magnetic anomalies and selected biostratigraphic datum levels. The magnetochronology established is used to make direct magnetobiostratigraphic correlations that agree with previous Oligocene-early Miocene studies. However, we show that Zones NN8 partim and NN9 and associated Epoch 11 correlate with Magnetic Anomaly 5 (= Chron C5n). This contrasts with previous indirect correlations of Epoch 11 with Anomaly 5A and requires an upward adjustment of 1.5-2.0 m.y. for middle-late Miocene calcareous nannofossil zones. We correlate the middle/late Miocene boundary with Zone NN8 and earliest Chron C5n (10.4 Ma).