cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Il principio di precauzione in diritto penale
Precautionary principle in criminal law
Creators: name: Reale, Laura <1981>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2013
Subjects: IUS/17 Diritto penale

description: Oggetto della ricerca è la rilevanza nell’ambito del diritto penale del principio di precauzione. 
Quest’ultimo deve la sua diffusione e popolarità al fatto di presentarsi come criterio guida al problema del rischio e dell’incertezza. 
L’esigenza di adottare scelte normative in condizioni di incertezza scientifica è infatti oggi ineludibile.  
Si cercherà in primo luogo di circoscrivere l’oggetto dell’indagine analizzando il rilievo che il principio di precauzione ha a livello legislativo e giurisprudenziale.
Quindi si analizzeranno le problematiche che il ricorso allo stesso suscita con riferimento alla struttura classica del reato e legate al contesto di incertezza nel quale viene invocato. 
Tali problematiche si riferiscono alla possibilità o meno di dare rilevanza al modello del reato di pericolo, alla ricostruzione del nesso causale e all’influenza che il principio di precauzione può determinare nell’accertamento dell’elemento soggettivo delle colpa. 
Si concluderà l’analisi analizzando le diverse posizioni assunte dalla dottrina italiana circa l’opportunità o meno dell’intervento penale in contesti di incertezza scientifica, individuando, in caso di risposta affermativa,  le modalità di intervento.
description: The precautionary principle states that if an action or policy has a suspected risk of causing harm to the public or to the environment, in the absence of scientific consensus that the action or policy is harmful, the burden of proof that it is not harmful falls on those taking the action.
This principle allows policy makers to make discretionary decisions in situations where there is the possibility of harm from taking a particular course or making a certain decision when extensive scientific knowledge on the matter is lacking. The principle implies that there is a social responsibility to protect the public from exposure to harm, when scientific investigation has found a plausible risk.
In some legal systems, as in the law of the European Union, the application of the precautionary principle has been made a statutory requirement.
Transposed in a criminal law context precautionary principle meets him with the characteristics of this branch of law. Criminal law is in fact a retrospective law and the classic type of crime (behaviour and event) clashes with a criminal policy time to avoid harmful events.
The first stage of the research will be the analysis of actual characteristics of criminal law with particular regards to the meaning of that principle, according to the law and to the case law.
The second proposal of the present project is to investigate whether the criminal intervention is feasible in case of scientific uncertainty, according to the different points of view of the Italian doctrine and I will try to identify a method of intervention, if it is possible.
The role of the halo magnetic field on accretion through High-Velocity Clouds
Creators: name: Grønnow, Asger
name: Tepper-García, Thor
name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
name: Fraternali, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-Velocity Clouds (HVCs) are believed to be an important source of gas accretion for star formation in the Milky Way. Earlier numerical studies have found that the Galactic magnetic field and radiative cooling strongly affects accretion. However, these effects have not previously been included together in the context of clouds falling through the Milky Way's gravitational potential. We explore this by simulating an initially stationary cloud falling through the hot hydrostatic corona towards the disc. This represents a HVC that has condensed out of the corona. We include the magnetic field in the corona to examine its effect on accretion of the HVC and its associated cold gas. Remnants of the original cloud survive in all cases, although a strong magnetic field causes it to split into several fragments. We find that mixing of cold and hot gas leads to cooling of coronal gas and an overall growth with time in cold gas mass, despite the low metallicity of the cloud and corona. The role of the magnetic field is to (moderately to severely) suppress the mixing and subsequent cooling, which in turn leads to less accretion compared to when the field is absent. A stronger field leads to less suppression of condensation because it enhances Rayleigh-Taylor instability. However, magnetic tension in a stronger field substantially decelerates condensed cloudlets. These have velocities typically a factor 3-8 below the velocity of the main cloud remnants by the end of the simulation. Some of these cloudlets likely disperse before reaching the disc.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Stars Crushed by Black Holes. I. On the Energy Distribution of Stellar Debris in Tidal Disruption Events
Creators: name: Norman, Sarah
name: Nixon, Chris
name: Coughlin, Eric R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of orbital energies imparted into stellar debris following the close encounter of a star with a supermassive black hole is the principal factor in determining the rate of return of debris to the black hole, and thus in determining the properties of the resulting lightcurves from such events. We present simulations of tidal disruption events for a range of $β\equiv r_{\rm t}/r_{\rm p}$ where $r_{\rm p}$ is the pericentre distance and $r_{\rm t}$ the tidal radius. We perform these simulations at different spatial resolutions to determine the numerical convergence of our models. We compare simulations in which the heating due to shocks is included or excluded from the dynamics. For $β\lesssim 8$ the simulation results are well-converged at sufficiently moderate-to-high spatial resolution, while for $β\gtrsim 8$ the breadth of the energy distribution can be grossly exaggerated by insufficient spatial resolution. We find that shock heating plays a non-negligible role only for $β\gtrsim 4$, and that typically the effect of shock heating is mild. We show that self-gravity can modify the energy distribution over time after the debris has receded to large distances for all $β$. Primarily, our results show that across a range of impact parameters, while the shape of the energy distribution varies with $β$, the width of the energy spread imparted to the bulk of the debris is closely matched to the canonical spread, $ΔE = GM_\bullet R_\star/r_{\rm t}^2$, for the range of $β$ we have simulated.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Stars Crushed by Black Holes. II. A Physical Model of Adiabatic Compression and Shock Formation in Tidal Disruption Events
Creators: name: Coughlin, Eric R.
name: Nixon, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a Newtonian model of a deep tidal disruption event (TDE), for which the pericenter distance of the star, $r_{\rm p}$, is well within the tidal radius of the black hole, $r_{\rm t}$, i.e., when $β\equiv r_{\rm t}/r_{\rm p} \gg 1$. We find that shocks form for $β\gtrsim 3$, but they are weak (with Mach numbers $\sim 1$) for all $β$, and that they reach the center of the star prior to the time of maximum adiabatic compression for $β\gtrsim 10$. The maximum density and temperature reached during the TDE follow much shallower relations with $β$ than the previously predicted $ρ_{\rm max} \propto β^3$ and $T_{\rm max} \propto β^2$ scalings. Below $β\simeq 10$, this shallower dependence occurs because the pressure gradient is dynamically significant before the pressure is comparable to the ram pressure of the freefalling gas, while above $β\simeq 10$ we find that shocks prematurely halt the compression and yield the scalings $ρ_{\rm max} \propto β^{1.62}$ and $T_{\rm max} \propto β^{1.12}$. We find excellent agreement between our results and high-resolution simulations. Our results demonstrate that, in the Newtonian limit, the compression experienced by the star is completely independent of the mass of the black hole. We discuss our results in the context of existing (affine) models, polytropic vs.~non-polytropic stars, and general relativistic effects, which become important when the pericenter of the star nears the direct capture radius, at $β\sim 12.5$ (2.7) for a solar-like star disrupted by a $10^6M_{\odot}$ ($10^{7}M_{\odot}$) supermassive black hole.
description: 24 pages, 19 Figures, Submitted to ApJ August 10, 2021
L-GALAXIES 2020: The formation and chemical evolution of stellar haloes in Milky Way Analogues and galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Murphy, Geoff G.
name: Yates, Robert M.
name: Mohamed, Shazrene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the formation and chemical evolution of stellar haloes around (a) Milky Way Analogue (MWA) galaxies and (b) galaxy clusters in the L-Galaxies 2020 semi-analytic model of galaxy evolution. Observed stellar halo properties are better reproduced when assuming a gradual stripping model for the removal of cold gas and stars from satellites, compared to an instantaneous stripping model. The slope of the stellar mass -- metallicity relation for MWA stellar haloes is in good agreement with that observed in the local Universe. This extends the good agreement between L-Galaxies 2020 and metallicity observations from the gas and stars inside galaxies to those outside. Halo stars contribute on average only $\sim{}0.1$ per cent of the total circumgalactic medium (CGM) enrichment by $z=0$ in MWAs, ejecting predominantly carbon produced by AGB stars. Around a quarter of MWAs have a single `significant progenitor' with a mean mass of $\sim{}2.3\times{}10^{9}M_{\odot}$, similar to that measured for Gaia Enceladus. For galaxy clusters, L-Galaxies 2020 shows good correspondence with observations of stellar halo mass fractions, but slightly over-predicts stellar masses. Assuming a Navarro-Frenk-White profile for the stellar halo mass distribution provides the best agreement. On average, the intracluster stellar component (ICS) is responsible for 5.4 per cent of the total intracluster medium (ICM) iron enrichment, exceeding the contribution from the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) by $z=0$. We find that considering gradual stripping of satellites and realistic radial profiles is crucial for accurately modelling stellar halo formation on all scales in semi-analytic models.
description: 19 pages, 17 figures. Submitted to MNRAS, comments welcome
Mounting Evidence for the Violation of Lepton Flavor Universality
Creators: name: Crivellin, Andreas
name: Hoferichter, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics was finalized in its current form in the mid-1970s, and has been extensively tested and confirmed ever since, with the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012 being the last missing piece. While no new particles have been directly discovered at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN so far, precision observables sensitive to quantum effects of new particles have accumulated intriguing hints for physics beyond the SM. All these anomalies can be interpreted from the point of view of lepton flavor universality, i.e., as hints that electrons, muons, and tau leptons differ much more than predicted by the SM. These tensions can be explained by postulating the existence of new exotic particles. Future measurements will be able to conclusively test this hypothesis, potentially providing long-awaited evidence how the SM needs to be extended at high energies.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure; published as "Science Perspective," addressed to general audience
Needle in a Haystack: Detecting Subtle Malicious Edits to Additive Manufacturing G-code Files
Creators: name: Beckwith, Caleb
name: Naicker, Harsh Sankar
name: Mehta, Svara
name: Udupa, Viba R.
name: Nim, Nghia Tri
name: Gadre, Varun
name: Pearce, Hammond
name: Mac, Gary
name: Gupta, Nikhil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Increasing usage of Digital Manufacturing (DM) in safety-critical domains is increasing attention on the cybersecurity of the manufacturing process, as malicious third parties might aim to introduce defects in digital designs. In general, the DM process involves creating a digital object (as CAD files) before using a slicer program to convert the models into printing instructions (e.g. g-code) suitable for the target printer. As the g-code is an intermediate machine format, malicious edits may be difficult to detect, especially when the golden (original) models are not available to the manufacturer. In this work we aim to quantify this hypothesis through a red-team/blue-team case study, whereby the red-team aims to introduce subtle defects that would impact the properties (strengths) of the 3D printed parts, and the blue-team aims to detect these modifications in the absence of the golden models. The case study had two sets of models, the first with 180 designs (with 2 compromised using 2 methods) and the second with 4320 designs (with 60 compromised using 6 methods). Using statistical modelling and machine learning (ML), the blue-team was able to detect all the compromises in the first set of data, and 50 of the compromises in the second.
description: To appear in IEEE Embedded Systems Letters
The application of cluster analysis on a post office scheduling problem
Creators: name: Wong, Siu-Sik
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The application of computerized clustering methods in outlining the truck route boundaries for street letter box collection runs is believed to be an effective tool for use by the Vancouver Post Office. This study investigates and analyses the characteristics, algorithms, and applicability of 12 cluster analysis techniques in grouping sets of two-dimensional data units for the Post Office. A broad view of cluster analysis is presented, including a review of the methodology and the potential problems associated with nine hierarchical and three nonhierarchical clustering methods. Two sets of contrived data and two empirical data sets (consisting of street letter box locations in the Burnaby area) are used to test the suitability of the grouping methods in clustering both evenly and unevenly distributed data units in a 2-dimensional Cartesian space. Computer programs for various clustering procedures are used to generate tree diagrams showing the linkages of the members within each group as well as the membership lists for the four data sets. The results are then plotted onto maps for evaluation. Results of the evaluations, based on group sizes, distributions of distances within groups, and travel times and distances, can be summarized as follows: a. Ward's method and the three nonhierarchical methods are better clustering techniques in grouping evenly distributed data sets; b. the complete linkage method, and the two average linkage methods are more suitable for grouping visually identifiable clustered data units; c. the single linkage methods and the centroid methods are generally less satisfactory in grouping all four sets of data; and d. clustering techniques provide a useful tool for outlining the route boundaries for street letter box collections. A comparative study for the Vancouver area would substantiate the feasibility of cluster analysis as an aid to solving the scheduling problem.
title: Linfomas y paniculitis mesentérica: relación causal según el tipo histológico y tratamiento.
Creators: name: Fatahi Bandpey, Luiza
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Inflammation
subject: Haematologic diseases
subject: Lymphoma
subject: Chemotherapy
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT
subject: Haematologic
subject: Abdomen

description: Objetivos
Material y método
Resultados
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivos:
Valorar si la aparición de la paniculitis mesentérica (PM) en pacientes con linfomas está relacionada con el tipo histológico y/o con el tratamiento recibido. La paniculitis mesentérica es una rara patología benigna caracterizada por la...
title: Mastitis granulomatosa: una entidad camaleónica
Creators: name: Benítez Dupin, Olivia
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Mammography
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Biopsy

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
Describir y analizar las características clínicas y radiológicas de la mastitis granulomatosa (MG) y la importancia de diferenciarla del cáncer de mama. Revisarlos hallazgos radiológicos en mamografía,
ecografía y resonancia magnéticay...
title: Hallazgos en tomografía computarizada del trauma penetrante por arma blanca en región toracoabdominal.
Creators: name: Unzue Garcia-Falces, Guillermo
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Trauma
subject: Education
subject: Surgery
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: CT
subject: Thorax
subject: Abdomen

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
Mostrar los hallazgos radiológicos en TCMD en pacientes con trauma penetrante por arma blanca en región toracoabdominal y la importancia de ciertos hallazgos para un correcto manejo del paciente hemodinámicamente...
Search for the Chiral Magnetic Effect with charge-dependent azimuthal correlations in Xe-Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 5.44$ TeV
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charge-dependent two- and three-particle correlations measured in Xe-Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 5.44$ TeV are presented. Results are obtained for charged particles in the pseudorapidity range $|η|<0.8$ and transverse momentum interval $0.2 \le p_{\rm T}<5.0$ GeV/$c$ for different collision centralities. The three-particle correlator ${γ_{αβ}} \equiv {\langle \cos(φ_α+ φ_β- 2{Ψ_{\rm 2}}) \rangle}$, calculated for different combinations of charge sign $α$ and $β$, is expected to be sensitive to the presence of the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME). Its magnitude is similar to the one observed in Pb-Pb collisions in contrast to a smaller CME signal in Xe-Xe collisions than in Pb-Pb collisions predicted by Monte Carlo (MC) calculations including a magnetic field induced by the spectator protons. These observations point to a large non-CME contribution to the correlator. Furthermore, the charge dependence of ${γ_{αβ}}$ can be described by a blast wave model calculation that incorporates background effects and by the Anomalous Viscous Fluid Dynamics model with values of the CME signal consistent with zero. The Xe-Xe and Pb-Pb results are combined with the expected CME signal dependence on the system size from the MC calculations including a magnetic field to obtain the fraction of CME contribution in ${γ_{αβ}}$, $f_{\rm CME}$. The CME fraction is compatible with zero for the 30% most central events in both systems and then becomes positive. This yields an upper limit of 2% (3%) and 25% (32%) at 95% (99.7%) confidence level for the CME signal contribution to ${γ_{αβ}}$ in the 0-70% Xe-Xe and Pb-Pb collisions, respectively.
description: 23 pages, 6 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 18, published version, figures at http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/node/8595
Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Study of Spin Fluctuations in the Cuprate Superconductors
Creators: name: Restrepo, Francisco
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The formation of Cooper pairs, a bound state of two electrons of opposite spin and momenta by exchange of a phonon, is a defining feature of conventional superconductivity. In the cuprate high temperature superconductors, even though it has been established that the superconducting state also consists of Cooper pairs, the pairing mechanism remains intensely debated. Here we investigate superconducting pairing in the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi2212) cuprate by employing spectral functions obtained directly from Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) experiments as input to the Bethe-Salpeter gap equation. Assuming that Cooper pairing is driven solely by spin fluctuations, we construct the spin-fluctuation-mediated pairing interaction, and use it to compute the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the Bethe-Salpeter equation for multiple Bi2212 samples. The key point of our results is that, as the temperature is reduced, the leading eigenvalue increases upon approaching Tc, reaching a value of approximately 1 at the Tc corresponding to each doping value, indicating a superconducting transition with d-wave eigenfunctions. This suggests that spin fluctuations can adequately account for Tc and, consequently, mediate pairing in the cuprate high temperature superconductors.
Mitigating Unfairness via Evolutionary Multi-objective Ensemble Learning
Creators: name: Zhang, Qingquan
name: Liu, Jialin
name: Zhang, Zeqi
name: Wen, Junyi
name: Mao, Bifei
name: Yao, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the literature of mitigating unfairness in machine learning, many fairness measures are designed to evaluate predictions of learning models and also utilised to guide the training of fair models. It has been theoretically and empirically shown that there exist conflicts and inconsistencies among accuracy and multiple fairness measures. Optimising one or several fairness measures may sacrifice or deteriorate other measures. Two key questions should be considered, how to simultaneously optimise accuracy and multiple fairness measures, and how to optimise all the considered fairness measures more effectively. In this paper, we view the mitigating unfairness problem as a multi-objective learning problem considering the conflicts among fairness measures. A multi-objective evolutionary learning framework is used to simultaneously optimise several metrics (including accuracy and multiple fairness measures) of machine learning models. Then, ensembles are constructed based on the learning models in order to automatically balance different metrics. Empirical results on eight well-known datasets demonstrate that compared with the state-of-the-art approaches for mitigating unfairness, our proposed algorithm can provide decision-makers with better tradeoffs among accuracy and multiple fairness metrics. Furthermore, the high-quality models generated by the framework can be used to construct an ensemble to automatically achieve a better tradeoff among all the considered fairness metrics than other ensemble methods. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/qingquan63/FairEMOL
description: 15 pages
TDI noises transfer functions for LISA
Creators: name: Nam, Dam Quang
name: Lemiere, Yves
name: Petiteau, Antoine
name: Bayle, Jean-Baptiste
name: Hartwig, Olaf
name: Martino, Joseph
name: Staab, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The LISA mission is the future space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatory of the European Space Agency. It is formed by 3 spacecraft exchanging laser beams in order to form multiple real and virtual interferometers. The data streams to be used in order to extract the large number and variety of GW sources are Time-Delay Interferometry (TDI) data. One important processing to produce these data is the TDI on-ground processing which recombines multiple interferometric on-board measurements to remove certain noise sources from the data such as laser frequency noise or spacecraft jitter. The LISA noise budget is therefore expressed at the TDI level in order to account for the different TDI transfer functions applied for each noise source and thus estimate their real weight on mission performance. In order to derive a usable form of these transfer functions, a model of the beams, the measurements, and TDI have been developed, and several approximation have been made. A methodology for such a derivation has been established, as well as verification procedures. It results in a set of transfer functions, which are now used by the LISA project, in particular in its performance model. Using these transfer functions, realistic noise curves for various instrumental configurations are provided to data analysis algorithms and used for instrument design.
description: Version with corrections, 15 pages, 7 figures
La determinazione dell'esistenza: Nietzsche e Spinoza
The Determination of Existence: Nietzsche and Spinoza
Creators: name: Scandella, Maurizio <1984>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2013
Subjects: M-FIL/01 Filosofia teoretica

description: La tesi indaga i temi fondamentali, i limiti e le implicazioni della relazione tra le filosofie di Nietzsche e di Spinoza, sia analizzando storiograficamente il ruolo di Spinoza nei testi di Nietzsche (I parte), sia sviluppando una proposta teoretica a partire dai due autori (II, III e IV parte). L’indagine storiografica procede presentando le riflessioni che Nietzsche dedica a Spinoza secondo un criterio tematico-cronologico. Durante l’esposizione sono discusse le fonti utilizzate da Nietzsche e il significato che le menzioni di Spinoza ricoprono nell’economia generale del pensiero nietzschiano. La seconda parte della ricerca indaga le ragioni per le quali la connessione tra Nietzsche e Spinoza può risultare teoreticamente convincente, in particolare a partire dall’istanza propriamente critica della loro riflessione, che si manifesta come domanda “empia” sul mondo delle credenze condivise. In particolare, è la nozione di “causa” a fungere da rifugio per la credenza metafisica nel soggetto anche all’interno dell’universo deterministico in cui opera la scienza. Come va invece pensato un determinismo che sia filosoficamente coerente? Le ultime due parti di questa ricerca sviluppano alcune ipotesi in proposito, considerando singolarmente le filosofie di Spinoza e di Nietzsche.
description: This thesis investigates the key issues, limits and implications of the relation between the philosophies of Nietzsche and Spinoza. It analyses the role of Spinoza in Nietzsche’s writings (part I) and develops a theoretical proposal starting from the works of the two authors (II, III and part IV). The historical investigation presents Nietzsche’s notes on Spinoza in a thematic-chronological order, analyses their sources and discusses their meaning in the general economy of Nietzsche’s thought. The second part of the thesis investigates the reasons why the connection between Nietzsche and Spinoza can be theoretically convincing by analysing their critical approach to the world of shared beliefs. In particular, the notion of "cause" seems to be a rest of the metaphysical belief in the subject within the deterministic universe of science. How can determinism be philosophically consistent? The last two parts of this thesis develop some hypotheses on this subject by considering separately the philosophies of Spinoza and Nietzsche.
The ALICE experiment: a journey through QCD
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ALICE experiment was proposed in 1993, to study strongly-interacting matter at extreme energy densities and temperatures. This proposal entailed a comprehensive investigation of nuclear collisions at the LHC. Its physics programme initially focused on the determination of the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a deconfined state of quarks and gluons, created in such collisions. The ALICE physics programme has been extended to cover a broader ensemble of observables related to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of strong interactions. The experiment has studied Pb-Pb, Xe-Xe, p-Pb and pp collisions in the multi-TeV centre of mass energy range, during the Run 1-2 data-taking periods at the LHC (2009-2018). The aim of this review is to summarise the key ALICE physics results in this endeavor, and to discuss their implications on the current understanding of the macroscopic and microscopic properties of strongly-interacting matter at the highest temperatures reached in the laboratory. It will review the latest findings on the properties of the QGP created by heavy-ion collisions at LHC energies, and describe the surprising QGP-like effects in pp and p-Pb collisions. Measurements of few-body QCD interactions, and their impact in unraveling the structure of hadrons and hadronic interactions, will be discussed. ALICE results relevant for physics topics outside the realm of QCD will also be touched upon. Finally, prospects for future measurements with the ALICE detector in the context of its planned upgrades will also be briefly described.
description: 327 pages, 123 captioned figures, 4 tables, authors from page 319, published version, figures at http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/node/8608
Theory of topological defects and textures in two-dimensional quantum orders with spontaneous symmetry breaking
Creators: name: Wang, Yan-Qi
name: Liu, Chunxiao
name: Lu, Yuan-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider two-dimensional (2d) quantum many-body systems with long-range orders, where the only gapless excitations in the spectrum are Goldstone modes of spontaneously broken continuous symmetries. To understand the interplay between classical long-range order of local order parameters and quantum order of long-range entanglement in the ground states, we study the topological point defects and textures of order parameters in such systems. We show that the universal properties of point defects and textures are determined by the remnant symmetry enriched topological order in the symmetry-breaking ground states with a non-fluctuating order parameter, and provide a classification for their properties based on the inflation-restriction exact sequence. We highlight a few phenomena revealed by our theory framework. First, in the absence of intrinsic topological orders, we show a connection between the symmetry properties of point defects and textures to deconfined quantum criticality. Second, when the symmetry-breaking ground state have intrinsic topological orders, we show that the point defects can permute different anyons when braided around. They can also obey projective fusion rules in the sense that multiple vortices can fuse into an Abelian anyon, a phenomena for which we coin "defect fractionalization". Finally, we provide a formula to compute the fractional statistics and fractional quantum numbers carried by textures (skyrmions) in Abelian topological orders.
description: 33 pages, 6 figures
RBF-MGN:Solving spatiotemporal PDEs with Physics-informed Graph Neural Network
Creators: name: Xiang, Zixue
name: Peng, Wei
name: Yao, Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have lately received significant attention as a representative deep learning-based technique for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). Most fully connected network-based PINNs use automatic differentiation to construct loss functions that suffer from slow convergence and difficult boundary enforcement. In addition, although convolutional neural network (CNN)-based PINNs can significantly improve training efficiency, CNNs have difficulty in dealing with irregular geometries with unstructured meshes. Therefore, we propose a novel framework based on graph neural networks (GNNs) and radial basis function finite difference (RBF-FD). We introduce GNNs into physics-informed learning to better handle irregular domains with unstructured meshes. RBF-FD is used to construct a high-precision difference format of the differential equations to guide model training. Finally, we perform numerical experiments on Poisson and wave equations on irregular domains. We illustrate the generalizability, accuracy, and efficiency of the proposed algorithms on different PDE parameters, numbers of collection points, and several types of RBFs.
description: 21 pages,20 figures
Asymptotic cycles in fractional maps of arbitrary positive orders
Creators: name: Edelman, Mark
name: Helman, Avigayil B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 26A33, 47H99, 34A99, 37G15, 70K50, 39A70

description: Many natural and social systems possess power-law memory, and their mathematical modeling requires the application of discrete and continuous fractional calculus. Most of these systems are nonlinear and demonstrate regular and chaotic behavior, different from the behavior of memoryless systems. Finding periodic solutions is essential for understanding the regular and chaotic behavior of nonlinear systems. Fractional systems do not have periodic solutions except fixed points. Instead, they have asymptotically periodic solutions which, in the case of stable regular behavior, converge to the periodic sinks (similar to regular dissipative systems) and, in the case of unstable/chaotic behavior, act as repellers. In one of his recent papers, the first author derived equations that allow calculations of asymptotically periodic points for a wide class of discrete maps with memory. All fractional and fractional difference maps of the orders 0 < α< 1 belong to this class. In this paper, we derive the equations that allow calculations of the coordinates of the asymptotically periodic points for a wider class of maps which include fractional and fractional difference maps of the arbitrary positive orders α> 0. The maps are defined as convolutions of a generating function -G_K(x), which may be the same as in a corresponding regular map x_{n+1} = -G_K(x_n)+x_n, with a kernel U_α(k), which defines the type of a map. In the case of fractional maps, it is Uα(k) = k^α, and it is Uα(k) = k^{(α)}, the falling factorial function, in the case of fractional difference maps. In this paper, we define the space of kernel functions that allow calculations of the periodic points of the corresponding maps with memory. We also prove that in fractional maps of the orders 1 < α< 2 the total of all physical momenta of period-l points is zero.
description: 28 pages
title: Earnings Information and Public Preferences for University Tuition: Evidence from Representative Experiments
Creators: name: Lergetporer, Philipp
name: Woessmann, Ludger
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2021

description: Higher education finance depends on the public’s preferences for charging tuition, which may be partly based on beliefs about the university earnings premium. To test whether public support for tuition depends on earnings information, we devise survey experiments in representative samples of the German electorate (N>15,000). The electorate is divided, with a plurality opposing tuition. Providing information on the university earnings premium raises support for tuition by 7 percentage points, turning the plurality in favor. The opposition-reducing effect persists two weeks after treatment. Information on fiscal costs and unequal access does not affect public preferences. We subject the baseline result to various experimental tests of replicability, robustness, heterogeneity, and consequentiality.
Fast mesh denoising with data driven normal filtering using deep variational autoencoders
Creators: name: Nousias, Stavros
name: Arvanitis, Gerasimos
name: Lalos, Aris S.
name: Moustakas, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent advances in 3D scanning technology have enabled the deployment of 3D models in various industrial applications like digital twins, remote inspection and reverse engineering. Despite their evolving performance, 3D scanners, still introduce noise and artifacts in the acquired dense models. In this work, we propose a fast and robust denoising method for dense 3D scanned industrial models. The proposed approach employs conditional variational autoencoders to effectively filter face normals. Training and inference are performed in a sliding patch setup reducing the size of the required training data and execution times. We conducted extensive evaluation studies using 3D scanned and CAD models. The results verify plausible denoising outcomes, demonstrating similar or higher reconstruction accuracy, compared to other state-of-the-art approaches. Specifically, for 3D models with more than 1e4 faces, the presented pipeline is twice as fast as methods with equivalent reconstruction error.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
d-wave to s-wave to normal metal transitions in disordered superconductors
Creators: name: Spivak, B.
name: Oreto, P.
name: Kivelson, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study suppression of superconductivity by disorder in d-wave superconductors, and predict the existence of (at least) two sequential low temperature transitions as a function of increasing disorder: a d -wave to -wave, and then an s-wave to metal transition. This is a universal property of the system which is independent of the sign of the interaction constant in the s-channel
Extending Gibbons-Werner method to bound orbits of massive particles
Creators: name: Huang, Yang
name: Sun, Bing
name: Cao, Zhoujian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Gibbons-Werner method for the gravitational deflection angle of unbound particles in static spherically symmetric spacetimes is based on Jacobi metric and Gauss-Bonnet theorem. When it is extended to bound massive particles, there exists two difficulties: (a) Bound orbits may overlap with themselves azimuthally. To extend the definition of deflection angle for unbound orbits to bound orbits, we divide the bound orbit into multiple segments such that each segment does not overlap with itself azimuthally and can be regarded as an unbound orbit. (b) The infinite region constructed for unbound orbits in Gibbons-Werner method is invalid for bound orbits, since the Jacobi metric of bound massive particles is singular at far region. To construct a suitable region for bound orbits, we adopt the generalized Gibbons-Werner method proposed in our last work [Huang and Cao, https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.106.104043], so that the unphysical region in Jacobi space is avoided. What's more, taking the Schwarzschild spacetime as an example, we show the details of the calculation and obtain an analytical expression of the deflection angle between two arbitrary points on the orbit.
title: Strong Well-Posedness of the Q-Tensor Model for Liquid Crystals: The Case of Arbitrary Ratio of Tumbling and Aligning Effects ξ
Creators: name: Hieber, Matthias
name: Hussein, Amru
name: Wrona, Marc
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2025

description: The Beris–Edwards model of nematic liquid crystals couples an equation for the molecular orientation described by the Q-tensor with a Navier–Stokes type equation with an additional non-Newtonian stress caused by the molecular orientation. Both equations contain a parameter ξ∈ℝ measuring the ratio of tumbling and alignment effects. Previous well-posedness results largely vary on the space dimension n and the constraints of the parameter ξ∈ℝ. This work addresses strong well-posedness of this model, first locally and then globally for small initial data, both in the Lp-L²-setting for p>4/4-n, in the general cases, i.e., for n=2,3 and without any restriction on ξ. The approach is based on methods from quasilinear equations and the fact that the associated linearized operator admits maximal Lp-L²-regularity. The proof of the latter property relies on techniques from sectorial operators, Schur complements and J-symmetry.
Additional file 6 of Shengjiang San alleviated sepsis-induced lung injury through its bidirectional regulatory effect
Creators: name: Yan, Shifan
name: Jiang, Yu
name: Yu, Ting
name: Hou, Changmiao
name: Xiao, Wen
name: Xu, Jing
name: Wen, Huili
name: Wang, Jingjing
name: Li, Shutong
name: Chen, Fang
name: Li, Shentang
name: Liu, Xiehong
name: Tan, Hao
name: Zou, Lianhong
name: Liu, Yanjuan
name: Zhu, Yimin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 6: Table S3. Identification of 96 chemical components from SJS by UPLC–Q/TOF–MS.
The weak form of the efficient market hypothesis and its application to the Vancouver listed mining stocks
Creators: name: Buis, Richard
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that security price changes for the Listed Vancouver Mining Stocks conform to the weak form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis. Briefly stated this hypothesis asserts that current prices fully reflect the information implied by the historical sequence of prices. If such is the case it would not be possible for an investor to enhance his investment performance by studying previous successive price changes. In order to determine whether this hypothesis is applicable to the Listed Vancouver Mining Stocks a series of tests were performed on the monthly price data for the period, March 1963 to February 1973. The method of investigation consisted of a number of separate and distinct experiments. Initially the monthly price changes were serially correlated for various differencing intervals to determine the degree of dependency in the price changes. Following this procedure, trend analysis was performed to measure the number of runs or patterns in the price changes and to compare these results with what could be expected if the series was random. The individual stocks were also subjected to a trading rule, referred to as filtering, to see if a mechanical trading rule could out perform a buy and hold policy. Finally an analysis was performed to determine if security price changes were identically distributed and whether they were stationary over time. In all cases there appeared to be little dependence in price changes. Both the serial correlation and runs tests yielded results consistent with a random walk theory. Filter rules applied to the data generated results vastly inferior to the buy and hold portfolios, suggesting that once a move is initiated there is evidence to indicate that it does not necessarily persist. The distribution of price changes tended not to be stationary over time. Whether this implies security returns do not conform to some given probability distribution or whether the time period under study was unrepresentative will require further study. The general conclusion to be derived from this study is that price movements of the Vancouver Listed Mining Stocks conform to the weak form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis.
title: Mejora en la valoración de la pared tumoral mediante perfusión con RM para diferenciar tumores de alto grado y metástasis. Estudio preliminar.
Creators: name: Mir Torres, Alicia
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Oncology
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Metastases
subject: Neoplasia

description: Objetivos
Material y método
Resultados
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivos:
Mejorar las diferencias en los valores de perfusión en la superficie tumoral en contacto con la sustancia blanca con mayor anisotropía (tensor de difusión),
entre tumores primarios de alto grado y...
title: Evaluación de los estudios de angioTC de arterias pulmonares realizados de forma urgente.
Creators: name: Gómez Moriñigo, Javier
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Embolism / Thrombosis
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Thorax

description: Objetivos
Material y método
Resultados
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivos:
Realizar un estudio descriptivo del proceso diagnóstico del TEP en urgencias. Analizar la presencia o no de TEP según determinados valores analíticos y características clínicas de los pacientes. Evaluar la correcta indicación de la...
title: El papel del radiólogo en la Adrenoleucodistrofia ligada al cromosoma X fenotipo infantil
Creators: name: Guzmán Revuelta, Jesús
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Gene therapy
subject: Metabolic disorders
subject: Genetic defects
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR-Spectroscopy
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: MR
subject: Paediatric
subject: Neuroradiology brain

description: Objetivos
Material y método
Resultados
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivos:
Presentar hallazgos neuroradiológicos clásicos de la X-ALD.
Describir las técnicas de RM,
los protocolos de actuación y su aplicación temporal (algoritmos de diagnóstico y...