title: Evolution of molecular innovations in cyanobacterial light-perceiving systems
title: Evolution molekularer Innovationen in cyanobakteriellen Systemen der Lichtwahrnehmung
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Steube, Niklas
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: OCP, FRP, CBCR
phytochrome
cyanobacteria
Neuheit
molecular biology
chance
Evolutionsbiologie
Innovation
Chemistry &amp; allied sciences
Chemie
biochemistry
protein evolution
Cyanobakterien
Zufall
Molekulare Evolution
Fotoprotektion
molecular innovation
Phytochrom
photoprotection
Molekularbiologie ,
Biochemie
molecular evolution

description: Novel functional features are prominent throughout evolution, yet paradoxical: how does evolution create something innovative when all it can work with is variation of established biology? Neo-functionalization of proteins after gene duplication is one common explanation, driven by natural selection for a new, potentially innovative function. However, groundbreaking novelty may not be explained by adaptive diversification of existing proteins. In this thesis, we tackled the paradox of molecular innovation with molecular phylogenetics in two original research publications. The first article examined the evolution of cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs), a class of phytochromes found exclusively in cyanobacteria. CBCRs gained the innovative ability to collectively sense the entire spectrum of visible light with a single-domain protein, in contrast to canonical tri-domain phytochromes that respond primarily to red- and far-red light signals. Using ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) and biochemical verification of resurrected proteins, we showed that the last common ancestor of CBCRs responded reversibly to green- and red-light signals. Latent blue-light perception and the ability to bind alternative chromophores, coupled with the minimalistic domain architecture may have enabled the vast diversification of CBCRs. This indicates that molecular innovation can potentially be achieved by reducing protein complexity, which may open up sequence space for new functions, such as broader color perception. The second article focused on the evolution of a novel allosteric regulation in cyanobacterial photoprotection by direct protein-protein interaction. It is unclear whether such required protein surface compatibilities can only be built by selection in small incremental steps, or whether they can also emerge fortuitously. Here, we used ASR and biophysical protein characterization to retrace the evolution of the allosteric interaction between the orange carotenoid protein (OCP) and its unrelated regulator, the fluorescence recovery protein (FRP). This interaction evolved when a precursor of FRP was horizontally acquired by cyanobacteria. FRP’s precursors could already interact with and regulate OCP even before these proteins first encountered each other in an ancestral cyanobacterium. The OCP–FRP interaction exploits an ancient dimer interface in OCP, which also predates the recruitment of FRP into the photoprotection system. This shows how evolution can easily fashion complex regulatory systems from pre-existing components, even without prior gene duplication. Together, we have shown that chance events may play an underestimated role in protein evolution and can indeed lead to groundbreaking innovations in biology.