cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Opportunity and Choice in Social Networks
Creators: name: Pin, Paolo
name: Franz, Silvio
name: Marsili, Matteo
name: Pin, Paolo
name: Franz, Silvio
name: Marsili, Matteo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Social Networks
subject: Choice-Based and Opportunity-Based Homophily

description: Our societies are heterogeneous in many dimensions such as census, education, religion, ethnic and cultural composition. The links between individuals - e.g. by friendship, marriage or collaboration - are not evenly distributed, but rather tend to be concentrated within the same group. This phenomenon, called imbreeding homophily, has been related to either (social) preference for links with own--type individuals ( choice-based homophily) or to the prevalence of individuals of her same type in the choice set of an individual ( opportunity-based homophily). We propose an indicator to distinguish between these effects for minority groups. This is based on the observation that, in environments with unbiased opportunities, as the relative size of the minority gets small, individuals of the minority rarely meet and have the chance to establish links together. Therefore the effect of choice--based homophily gets weaker and weaker as the size of the minority shrinks. We test this idea across the dimensions of race and education on data on US marriages, and across race on friendships in US schools, and find that: for what concerns education i) opportunity--based homophily is much stronger than choice--based homophily and ii) they are both remarkably stationary in time; concerning race iii) school friendships do not exhibit opportunity-based homophily, while marriages do, iv) choice-based homophily is much stronger for marriages than for friendships and v) these effects vary widely across race.
Entropy Bound for the TM Electromagnetic Field in the Half Einstein Universe
Creators: name: Brevik, I.
name: Herikstad, R.
name: Skriudalen, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An explicit calculation is given of the entropy/energy ratio for the TM modes of the electromagnetic field in the half Einstein universe. This geometry provides a mathematically convenient and physically instructive example of how the electromagnetic and thermodynamic quantities behave as a function of the nondimensional parameter δ=1/2πaT, a being the scale factor and T the temperature. On physical grounds (related to the relaxation time), it is the case of small δ's that is pertinent to thermodynamics. We find that as long as δis small, the entropy/energy ratio behaves in the same way as for the TE modes. The entropy is thus bounded. The present kind of formalism makes it convenient to study also the influence from frequency dispersion. We discuss an example where a sharp cutoff dispersion relation can in principle truncate the electromagnetic oscillations in the Einstein cavity such that only the lowest mode survives.
description: 14 pages, no figures, discussion extended. To appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys. D
Applying Geographically Weighted Regression to Conjoint Analysis: Empirical Findings from Urban Park Amenities
Creators: name: Tanaka, Katsuya
name: Yoshida, Kentaro
name: Kawase, Yasushi
name: Tanaka, Katsuya
name: Yoshida, Kentaro
name: Kawase, Yasushi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Choice experiments
subject: conjoint analysis
subject: dogrun
subject: geographically weighted regression
subject: spatial econometrics

description: The objective of this study is to develop spatially-explicit choice model and investigate its validity and applicability in CA studies. This objective is achieved by applying locally-regressed geographically weighted regression (GWR) and GIS to survey data on hypothetical dogrun facilities (off-leash dog area) in urban recreational parks in Tokyo, Japan. Our results show that spatially-explicit conditional logit model developed in this study outperforms traditional model in terms of data fit and prediction accuracy. Our results also show that marginal willingness-to-pay for various attributes of dogrun facilities has significant spatial variation. Analytical procedure developed in this study can reveal spatially-varying individual preferences on attributes of urban park amenities, and facilitates area-specific decision makings in urban park planning.
The pulsar wind nebula of the Geminga pulsar
Creators: name: Pavlov, G. G.
name: Sanwal, D.
name: Zavlin, V. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The superb spatial resolution of Chandra has allowed us to detect a 20''-long tail behind the Geminga pulsar, with a hard spectrum (photon index 1.0+/-0.2) and a luminosity (1.3+/-0.2) 10^{29} ergs/s in the 0.5 - 8 keV band, for an assumed distance of 200 pc. The tail could be either a pulsar jet, confined by a toroidal magnetic field of about 100 microGauss, or it can be associated with the shocked relativistic wind behind the supersonically moving pulsar confined by the ram pressure of the oncoming interstellar medium. We also detected an arc-like structure 5'' - 7'' ahead of the pulsar, extended perpendicular to the tail, with a factor of 3 lower luminosity. We see a 3-sigma enhancement in the Chandra image apparently connecting the arc with the southern outer tail that has been possibly detected with XMM-Newton. The observed structures imply that the Geminga's pulsar wind is intrinsically anisotropic.
description: Revised version: data analysis described in more detail, Figure 2 replaced; 6 pages, 2 color figures; accepted for publication in ApJ (v.643, 2006 June 1)
Modelling acreage decisions within the multinomial logit framework : profit functions and discrete choice models
Creators: name: Carpentier, Alain
name: Letort, Elodie
name: Carpentier, Alain
name: Letort, Elodie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management

description: The first purpose of this paper is to propose theoretical justifications for using Logit acreage share models. Two approaches are presented: the Logit shares can be derived from a well defined profit function or derived as the result of a set of discrete choices. It is next shown that both theoretical frameworks allow to define generalizations of the standard Logit shares. These generalizations build on developments of the Multinomial Logit framework for modelling discrete choices and seek to define models that are flexible and empirically tractable. Two applications are presented to illustrate the empirical interest of the proposed models. Both use a rotating panel of French farms (1987-2006) and consider the estimation of yield functions, variable input demand functions and acreage share functions.
Discrete Symmetries on the Light Front and a General Relation Connecting Nucleon Electric Dipole and Anomalous Magnetic Moments
Creators: name: Brodsky, S. J.
name: Gardner, S.
name: Hwang, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the electric dipole form factor, F_3(q^2), as well as the Dirac and Pauli form factors, F_1(q^2) and F_2(q^2), of the nucleon in the light-front formalism. We derive an exact formula for F_3(q^2) to complement those known for F_1(q^2) and F_2(q^2). We derive the light-front representation of the discrete symmetry transformations and show that time-reversal- and parity-odd effects are captured by phases in the light-front wave functions. We thus determine that the contributions to F_2(q^2) and F_3(q^2), Fock state by Fock state, are related, independent of the fundamental mechanism through which CP violation is generated. Our relation is not specific to the nucleon, but, rather, is true of spin-1/2 systems in general, be they lepton or baryon. The empirical values of the anomalous magnetic moments, in concert with empirical bounds on the associated electric dipole moments, can better constrain theories of CP violation. In particular, we find that the neutron and proton electric dipole moments echo the isospin structure of the anomalous magnetic moments, kappa^n ~ - kappa^p.
description: 25 pages, 1 figure. Published version. Ref. added
Charge-regulation effects in nanoparticle self-assembly
Creators: name: Curk, Tine
name: Luijten, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanoparticles in solution acquire charge through dissociation or association of surface groups. Thus, a proper description of their electrostatic interactions requires the use of charge-regulating boundary conditions rather than the commonly employed constant-charge approximation. We implement a hybrid Monte Carlo/Molecular Dynamics scheme that dynamically adjusts the charges of individual surface groups of objects while evolving their trajectories. Charge-regulation effects are shown to qualitatively change self-assembled structures due to global charge redistribution, stabilizing asymmetric constructs. We delineate under which conditions the conventional constant-charge approximation may be employed and clarify the interplay between charge regulation and dielectric polarization.
description: 5 pages
Discrete Laplacian thermostat for flocks and swarms: the fully conserved Inertial Spin Model
Creators: name: Cavagna, Andrea
name: Cristín, Javier
name: Giardina, Irene
name: Grigera, Tomas S.
name: Veca, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments on bird flocks and midge swarms reveal that these natural systems are well described by an active theory in which conservation laws play a crucial role. By building a symplectic structure that couples the particles' velocities to the generator of their internal rotations (spin), the Inertial Spin Model (ISM) reinstates a second-order temporal dynamics that captures many phenomenological traits of flocks and swarms. The reversible structure of the ISM predicts that the total spin is a constant of motion, the central conservation law responsible for all the novel dynamical features of the model. However, fluctuations and dissipation introduced in the original model to make it relax, violate the spin conservation law, so that the ISM aligns with the biophysical phenomenology only within finite-size regimes, beyond which the overdamped dynamics characteristic of the Vicsek model takes over. Here, we introduce a novel version of the ISM, in which the irreversible terms needed to relax the dynamics strictly respect the conservation of the spin. We perform a numerical investigation of the fully conservative model, exploring both the fixed-network case, which belongs to the equilibrium class of Model G, and the active case, characterized by self-propulsion of the agents and an out-of-equilibrium reshuffling of the underlying interaction network. Our simulations not only capture the correct spin wave phenomenology of the ordered phase, but they also yield dynamical critical exponents in the near-ordering phase that agree very well with the theoretical predictions.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Numerical Solution of the Ekpyrotic Scenario in the Moduli Space Approximation
Creators: name: Sorensen, Torquil MacDonald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A numerical solution to the equations of motion for the ekpyrotic bulk brane scenario in the moduli space approximation is presented. The visible universe brane has positive tension, and we use a potential that goes to zero exponentially at large distance, and also goes to zero at small distance. In the case considered, no bulk brane, visible brane collision occurs in the solution. This property and the general behavior of the solution is qualitatively the same when the visible brane tension is negative, and for many different parameter choices.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures, RevTeX4, fixed typos, added some small comments
Monopole Oscillations and Dampings in Boson and Fermion Mixture in the Time-Dependent Gross-Pitaevskii and Vlasov Equations
Creators: name: Maruyama, Tomoyuki
name: Yabu, Hiroyuki
name: Suzuki, Toru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a dynamical model for the time evolution of the boson-fermion coexistence system. The dynamics of bosons and fermions are formulated with the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevsky equation and the Vlasov equation. We thus study the monopole oscillation in the bose-fermi mixture. We find that large damping exists for fermion oscillations in the mixed system even at zero temperature.
description: 16 pages text and 12 figures
Outflows and Jets from Collapsing Magnetized Cloud Cores
Creators: name: Banerjee, Robi
name: Pudritz, Ralph E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Star formation is usually accompanied by outflow phenomena. There is strong evidence that these outflows and jets are launched from the protostellar disk by magneto-rotational processes. Here, we report on our three dimensional, adaptive mesh, magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of collapsing, rotating, magnetized Bonnor-Ebert-Spheres whose properties are taken directly from observations. In contrast to the pure hydro case where no outflows are seen, our present simulations show an outflow from the protodisk surface at ~ AU and a jet at ~ 0.07 AU after a strong toroidal magnetic field build up. The large scale outflow, which extends up to ~ AU at the end of our simulation, is driven by toroidal magnetic pressure (spring), whereas the jet is powered by magneto-centrifugal force (fling). At the final stage of our simulation these winds are still confined within two respective shock fronts. Furthermore, we find that the jet-wind and the disk-anchored magnetic field extracts a considerable amount of angular momentum from the protostellar disk. The initial spin of our cloud core was chosen high enough to produce a binary system. We indeed find a close binary system (separation ~ 3 R_sol) which results from the fragmentation of an earlier formed ring structure. The magnetic field strength in these protostars reaches ~ 3 kG and becomes about 3 G at 1 AU from the center in agreement with recent observational results.
description: revised version, accepted for publication in ApJ, a higher resolution version of this paper can be downloaded at http://www.physics.mcmaster.ca/~banerjee/outflows.pdf
The Impact of Ethanol Production on U.S. and Regional Gasoline Prices and on the Profitability of the U.S. Oil Refinery Industry
Creators: name: Du, Xiaodong
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Du, Xiaodong
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: crack spread
subject: crude oil prices
subject: ethanol
subject: gasoline prices

description: Using pooled regional time-series data and panel data estimation, we quantify the impact of monthly ethanol production on monthly retail regular gasoline prices. This analysis suggests that the growth in ethanol production has caused retail gasoline prices to be $0.29 to $0.40 per gallon lower than would otherwise have been the case. The analysis shows that the negative impact of ethanol on gasoline prices varies considerably across regions. The Midwest region has the biggest impact, at $0.39/gallon, while the Rocky Mountain region had the smallest impact, at $0.17/gallon. The results also indicate that ethanol production has significantly reduced the profit margin of the oil refinery industry. The results are robust with respect to alternative model specifications.
Elastic and dynamic form factors of an atomic nucleus in the shell model with correction for the center-of-mass motion
Creators: name: Korchin, A. Yu.
name: Shebeko, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analytical expressions for the elastic and dynamic form factors (FFs) are derived in the shell model (SM) with a potential well of finite depth. The consideration takes into account the motion of the target-nucleus center of mass (CM). Explanation is suggested for a simultaneous shrinking of the density and momentum distributions of nucleons in nuclei. The convenient working formulae are given to handle the expectation values of relevant multiplicative operators in case of the 1s-1p shell nuclei.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures. An extended version of the paper published in Ukrainian Journal of Physics 22 (1977) 1646
Timing the Milky Way bar formation and the accompanying radial migration episode
Creators: name: Haywood, Misha
name: Khoperskov, Sergey
name: Cerqui, Valeria
name: Di Matteo, Paola
name: Katz, David
name: Snaith, Owain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the metallicity profile of the Milky Way low-$α$ disc population from 2 to 20 kpc from the Galactic centre in 1 Gyr age bins using the astroNN catalogue, and show that it is highly structured, with a plateau between 4 and 7 kpc and a break at 10-12 kpc. We argue that these features result from the two main bar resonances, the corotation and the Outer Lindblad Resonance (OLR), respectively. We show that the break in the metallicity profile is most visible in stars having 7-8 Gyr, reaching an amplitude of about 0.4 dex, and is the signpost of the position of the bar OLR. The bar formation was accompanied by an episode of radial migration triggered by its slowing down and is responsible for spreading old metal-rich stars up to the OLR. The data show that the slowdown of the bar ended 6-7 Gyr ago. Based on numerical simulations that reproduce well the break observed in the metallicity profile, we argue that this implies that the bar formed in our Galaxy 8-10 Gyr ago. Analysis of the metallicity distribution as a function of radius shows no evidence of significant systematic outward radial migration after this first episode. We argue that the variation of the metallicity dispersion as a function of the guiding radius is dominated by the migration triggered by the bar, but also that the libration of orbits around the bar resonances induces a mixing that may have a significant impact on the observed metallicity dispersion. In contrast, the absence of a break in the metallicity profile of populations younger than about $\sim$6 Gyr and the flattening of the gradient at younger ages is interpreted as evidence that the strength of the bar has decreased, loosening its barrier effect and allowing the gas and metals on both sides of the OLR to mix, erasing the break. Beyond the OLR, stars younger than 7 Gyr show very small metallicity dispersion, suggesting no or limited migration.
description: 20 pages, 23 figures. Accepted in A&A
An arbitrary-order discrete de Rham complex on polyhedral meshes: Exactness, Poincaré inequalities, and consistency
Creators: name: Di Pietro, Daniele Antonio
name: Droniou, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N30, 65N99, 78A30

description: In this paper we present a novel arbitrary-order discrete de Rham (DDR) complex on general polyhedral meshes based on the decomposition of polynomial spaces into ranges of vector calculus operators and complements linked to the spaces in the Koszul complex. The DDR complex is fully discrete, meaning that both the spaces and discrete calculus operators are replaced by discrete counterparts, and satisfies suitable exactness properties depending on the topology of the domain. In conjunction with bespoke discrete counterparts of $L^2$-products, it can be used to design schemes for partial differential equations that benefit from the exactness of the sequence but, unlike classical (e.g., Raviart--Thomas--Nédélec) finite elements, are nonconforming. We prove a complete panel of results for the analysis of such schemes: exactness properties, uniform Poincaré inequalities, as well as primal and adjoint consistency. We also show how this DDR complex enables the design of a numerical scheme for a magnetostatics problem, and use the aforementioned results to prove stability and optimal error estimates for this scheme.
On the Development of an Ethical Demand Theory
Creators: name: Amanor-Boadu, Vincent
name: Amanor-Boadu, Vincent
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: As an increasing number of consumers shift to demand products on the basis on production practices, animal welfare protocols, human rights initiatives, it is becoming important that we develop new tools for evaluating the decision-making frameworks in the ethical products market place. This paper draws on the behavioral economics and the principal-agent literature to provide a framework for conducting such analyses.
Availability, Attitudes and Willingness to Pay for Local Foods: Results of a Preliminary Survey
Creators: name: Adams, Damian C.
name: Adams, Alison E.
name: Adams, Damian C.
name: Adams, Alison E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: This paper presents the results of a preliminary intercept survey of consumers at farmers' markets in Gainesville, Florida in 2007. We developed survey questions to identify: (1) how much fruit and vegetable produce respondents buy from local sources; (2) attitudes regarding local foods; (3) definitions of local by distance and ownership; (4) WTP for local foods; (5) perceptions of the availability and cost of local products; and (6) demographic information. In addition to WTP, we employed several tools- a Likert scale, a cost/availability matrix, and other investigatory and demographic questions - to analyze factors affecting purchasing decisions. These include relative cost, accessibility, attitudes and perceptions of the term 'local.' We report and describe the results of the survey, including a regression analysis of WTP as a function of attitudinal, behavioral, and demographic variables. Given the small sample size, the results are largely not statistically significant. Yet, they are useful for refining the survey instrument for a larger study.
Poisson -- Boltzmann Brownian Dynamics of Charged Colloids in Suspension
Creators: name: Dobnikar, J.
name: Haložan, D.
name: Brumen, M.
name: von Grünberg, H. -H.
name: Rzehak, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a method to simulate the dynamics of charged colloidal particles suspended in a liquid containing dissociated ions and salt ions. Regimes of prime current interest are those of large volume fraction of colloids, highly charged particles and low salt concentrations. A description which is tractable under these conditions is obtained by treating the small dissociated and salt ions as continuous fields, while keeping the colloidal macroions as discrete particles. For each spatial configuration of the macroions, the electrostatic potential arising from all charges in the system is determined by solving the nonlinear Poisson--Boltzmann equation. From the electrostatic potential, the forces acting on the macroions are calculated and used in a Brownian dynamics simulation to obtain the motion of the latter. The method is validated by comparison to known results in a parameter regime where the effective interaction between the macroions is of a pairwise Yukawa form.
Supplementary material for Association of KATP variants with coronary microvascular dysfunction and refractory angina pectoris in coronary artery disease patients with increased serum lipoprotein(a) levels
Creators: name: Pei, Jingxian
name: Liu, Cheng
name: Yang, Zhengxia
name: Lai, Yanxian
name: Zhang, Shenghui
name: Guan, Tianwang
name: Shen, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 110201 Cardiology (incl. Cardiovascular Diseases)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110311 Medical Genetics (excl. Cancer Genetics)
subject: FOS: Basic medicine
subject: 110104 Medical Biochemistry: Lipids

description: Supplementary material for “Association of KATP variants with coronary microvascular dysfunction and refractory angina pectoris in coronary artery disease patients with increased serum lipoprotein(a) levels.”
An excursion set model of the cosmic web: The abundance of sheets, filaments and halos
Creators: name: Shen, Jiajian
name: Abel, Tom
name: Mo, H. J.
name: Sheth, Ravi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss an analytic approach for modeling structure formation in sheets, filaments and knots. This is accomplished by combining models of triaxial collapse with the excursion set approach: sheets are defined as objects which have collapsed along only one axis, filaments have collapsed along two axes, and halos are objects in which triaxial collapse is complete. In the simplest version of this approach, which we develop here, large scale structure shows a clear hierarchy of morphologies: the mass in large-scale sheets is partitioned up among lower mass filaments, which themselves are made-up of still lower mass halos. Our approach provides analytic estimates of the mass fraction in sheets, filaments and halos, and its evolution, for any background cosmological model and any initial fluctuation spectrum. In the currently popular $Λ$CDM model, our analysis suggests that more than 99% of the cosmic mass is in sheets, and 72% in filaments, with mass larger than $10^{10} M_{\odot}$ at the present time. For halos, this number is only 46%. Our approach also provides analytic estimates of how halo abundances at any given time correlate with the morphology of the surrounding large-scale structure, and how halo evolution correlates with the morphology of large scale structure.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Influence of driver behavior in the emergence of traffic gridlocks
Creators: name: Pazos, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a microscopic driving algorithm that prescribes the acceleration using three parameters: the distance to the leading vehicle, to the next traffic light and to the nearest stopping point when the next traffic light is in the red phase. We apply this algorithm to construct decision trees that enable two driving behaviors: aggressive and careful. The focus of this study is to analyze the amount of aggressive drivers that are needed in order to generate a traffic gridlock in a portion of a city with signalized intersections. At rush hour, aggressive drivers will enter the intersection regardless if they have enough time or space to clear it. When their traffic light changes they block other drivers, thus providing the conditions for a gridlock to develop. We find that gridlocks emerge even with very few aggressive drivers present. These results support the idea of promoting good driving behavior to avoid heavy congestion during rush hours.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in International Journal of Modern Physics C, improved figures
Phonon Linewidths in Twisted Bilayer Graphene near Magic Angle
Creators: name: Mandal, Shinjan
name: Maity, Indrajit
name: Krishnamurthy, H. R.
name: Jain, Manish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a computational study of the phonon linewidths in twisted bilayer graphene arising from electron-phonon interactions and anharmonic effects. The electronic structure is calculated using distance-dependent transfer integrals based on the atomistic Slater-Koster tight-binding formalism, including electron-electron interactions treated at the Hartree level, and the phonons are calculated using classical force fields. These ingredients are used to calculate the phonon linewidths arising from electron-phonon interactions. Furthermore, anharmonic effects on the linewidths are computed using the mode-projected velocity autocorrelation function obtained from classical molecular dynamics. We predict a moiré potential induced splitting of this mode, which arises due to contributions from high symmetry stacking regions. Our findings show that both electron-phonon and anharmonic effects have a significant impact on the linewidth of the Raman active G mode near the magic angle.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures (Supplementary 13 pages, 11 figures)
REGIONAL PLANNING OF WASTEWATER REUSE FOR IRRIGATION AND RIVER REHABILITATION
Creators: name: Axelrad, Gilad
name: Feinerman, Eli
name: Axelrad, Gilad
name: Feinerman, Eli
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Wastewater reuse
subject: Allocation
subject: Optimization Model
subject: Transferable utility games

description: With some agri-environmental restrictions, municipal wastewater can be utilized for agricultural irrigation and river rehabilitation. This paper develops a single-year planning model for a region in Israel which consists of a city and three potential wastewater consumers. The model incorporates, in one endogenous system, the economic, physical and biological relationships in the water-soil-plant environment system and its objective is to maximize the regional social welfare composed of the sum of agricultural and environmental net benefits. The model determines the optimal crop mix and the optimal allocation of the limited water and land resources among all potential users. Then, different allocation approaches from the concept of transferable utility games are applied to determine a reasonable and fair allocation of the additional net benefits which will be accepted by the players. The results support the collaboration among the economic entities and indicate economic and environmental advantages which can serve the decision-makers.
Tuomas Martikainen: Religion, Migration, Settlement. Reflections on Post-1990 Immigration to Finland
Creators: name: Rimestad, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Year: 2016

description: This contribution offers a review of:

Tuomas Martikainen: Religion, Migration, Settlement. Reflections on Post-1990 Immigration to Finland
Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2013. 159 pages, € 92,00/$ 125.00,
ISBN: 978-90-04-24846-5 (hardback), 978-90-04-25058-1 (e-book)
description: Entangled Religions, Vol 3 (2016)
Neutrophil mediated muscle injury of the diaphragm
Creators: name: Samrai, Baljit
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Excessive loading, as seen in chronic respiratory diseases and experimentally produced by tracheal banding (TB) may result in injury to the myofibres of the diaphragm and hypercapnic ventilatory failure. Neutrophils (PMNs) are primary inflammatory cells that migrate to an area of injury in order to phagocytose cellular debris and promote the inflammatory response. During this process, neutrophils may also amplify muscle injury. We hypothesized that neutrophil depletion would reduce diaphragm muscle injury in an animal model where diaphragm injury was induced by tracheal banding. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups: 1. control (C), 2. tracheal banded (TB), 3. control plus neutrophil depleted (C+ND), 4. tracheal banded plus neutrophil depleted (TB+ND). In the C+ND and TB+ND groups, neutrophils were depleted by administering anti-rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte antisera, beginning one day pre-surgery. After anaesthesia, the carotid artery was chronically cannulated, esophageal pressures (Pes) were measured and a cuff was tightened around the isolated trachea, until the Pes during tidal breathing (Pes[sub TV]) was 20% of the maximal Pes (Pes[sub Max]) during tracheal occlusion in the TB and TB+ND groups. Arterial blood gas (ABG) samples were taken daily from the awake animal. Three days later, following anaesthesia, in vivo measures of Pes were repeated and then the diaphragm and trachea were excised for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The following parameters were investigated: (1) the presence of neutrophils in the diaphragm measured by neutrophil specific myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and point counting H&E diaphragm cross-sections; (2) muscle injury as quantified by point counting H&E stained diaphragm cross-sections; (3) the presence of EDI positive macrophages in the diaphragm by using immunohistochemistry; and (4) ABGs measure daily post-surgery. The TB groups were hypercapnic (PaC0₂ > 45mmHg; p<0.001) and had a decreased tracheal cross sectional area (p<0.001). ND groups had PMN counts <0.5 million/mL. MPO activity tended to increase indicating an increased presence of neutrophils in the diaphragm of the TB group, and C values were similar to those in the TB+ND group. The TB group had the most abnormal and inflamed muscle (p<0.05), whereas, the TB+ND group was similar to C values. EDI positive macrophages per cross-sectional area was greater in the TB group compared to the C group, indicating that the macrophage population increased in response to muscle injury. We conclude that macrophages increase and neutrophils tend to increase in the injured diaphragm induced by tracheal banding. Neutrophil depletion decreased diaphragm injury induced by resistive loading.
Depreciation Cost is a Poor Proxy for Revenue Lost to Aging in Grid Storage Optimization
Creators: name: Kumtepeli, Volkan
name: Hesse, Holger
name: Morstyn, Thomas
name: Nosratabadi, Seyyed Mostafa
name: Aunedi, Marko
name: Howey, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Dispatch of a grid energy storage system for arbitrage is typically formulated into a rolling-horizon optimization problem that includes a battery aging model within the cost function. Quantifying degradation as a depreciation cost in the objective can increase overall profits by extending lifetime. However, depreciation is just a proxy metric for battery aging; it is used because simulating the entire system life is challenging due to computational complexity and the absence of decades of future data. In cases where the depreciation cost does not match the loss of possible future revenue, different optimal usage profiles result and this reduces overall profit significantly compared to the best case (e.g., by 30-50%). Representing battery degradation perfectly within the rolling-horizon optimization does not resolve this - in addition, the economic cost of degradation throughout life should be carefully considered. For energy arbitrage, optimal economic dispatch requires a trade-off between overuse, leading to high return rate but short lifetime, vs. underuse, leading to a long but not profitable life. We reveal the intuition behind selecting representative costs for the objective function, and propose a simple moving average filter method to estimate degradation cost. Results show that this better captures peak revenue, assuming reliable price forecasts are available.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures, accepted in American Control Conference (ACC) 2024
Connectivity and expression in protein networks: Proteins in a complex are uniformly expressed
Creators: name: Carmi, Shai
name: Levanon, Erez Y.
name: Havlin, Shlomo
name: Eisenberg, Eli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the interplay between the protein-protein interactions network and the expression of the interacting proteins. It is shown that interacting proteins are expressed in significantly more similar cellular concentrations. This is largely due to interacting pairs which are part of protein complexes. We solve a generic model of complex formation and show explicitly that complexes form most efficiently when their members have roughly the same concentrations. Therefore, the observed similarity in interacting protein concentrations could be attributed to optimization for efficiency of complex formation.
description: revised version; accepted for publication in PRE
Finite-temperature magnetic properties of Sm2Fe17Nx using an ab-initio effective spin model
Creators: name: Yamashita, Shogo
name: Suzuki, Daiki
name: Yoshioka, Takuya
name: Tsuchiura, Hiroki
name: Novák, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we investigate the finite-temperature magnetic properties of Sm2Fe17Nx (x = 0,3) using an effective spin model constructed based on the information obtained by first-principles calculations. We find that assuming the plausible trivalent Sm3+ configuration results in a model that can satisfactorily describe the magnetization curves of Sm2Fe17N3. By contrast, the model based on the divalent Sm2+ configuration is suitable to reproduce the magnetization curves of Sm2Fe17. These results expand the understanding of how electronic structure affects the magnetic properties of these compounds.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures. In FIG. 2.(c) and (d) of the paper published by Phys. Rev. B, there are several mistakes concerning the plots. In FIG. 2. (c), the symbols of the curves that trivalent [120] direction and divalent [001] direction are missing. In FIG. 2. (d), the symbols of the curve that trivalent [120] direction are missing. We have corrected them
Topologically Faithful Multi-class Segmentation in Medical Images
Creators: name: Berger, Alexander H.
name: Stucki, Nico
name: Lux, Laurin
name: Buergin, Vincent
name: Shit, Suprosanna
name: Banaszak, Anna
name: Rueckert, Daniel
name: Bauer, Ulrich
name: Paetzold, Johannes C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Topological accuracy in medical image segmentation is a highly important property for downstream applications such as network analysis and flow modeling in vessels or cell counting. Recently, significant methodological advancements have brought well-founded concepts from algebraic topology to binary segmentation. However, these approaches have been underexplored in multi-class segmentation scenarios, where topological errors are common. We propose a general loss function for topologically faithful multi-class segmentation extending the recent Betti matching concept, which is based on induced matchings of persistence barcodes. We project the N-class segmentation problem to N single-class segmentation tasks, which allows us to use 1-parameter persistent homology, making training of neural networks computationally feasible. We validate our method on a comprehensive set of four medical datasets with highly variant topological characteristics. Our loss formulation significantly enhances topological correctness in cardiac, cell, artery-vein, and Circle of Willis segmentation.
Supplementary material for Genotype-phenotype associations of KATP variants with cardiovascular risks in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.docx
Creators: name: Liu, Cheng
name: Lai, Yanxian
name: Guan, Tianwang
name: Zhan, Junfang
name: Pei, Jingxian
name: Wu, Daihong
name: Ying, Songsong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110201 Cardiology (incl. Cardiovascular Diseases)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110311 Medical Genetics (excl. Cancer Genetics)
subject: FOS: Basic medicine
subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: 111102 Dietetics and Nutrigenomics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary material for manuscript entitled “Genotype-phenotype associations of KATP variants with cardiovascular risks in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes”
WATER IN TURKMENISTAN
Creators: name: Stanchin, Ivan
name: Lerman, Zvi
name: Stanchin, Ivan
name: Lerman, Zvi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Turkmenistan, like all Central Asian countries, is critically dependent on water because of its arid desert climate. The Amudarya, flowing from the Pamir and Tien-Shan Mountains to the tragically dying Aral Sea, is the main source of water for all agricultural and non-agricultural uses in Turkmenistan. Given the constancy of water resources and the rapidly growing population in the country, the annual water availability per capita decreased by 50% during the last 35 years, dropping to 4,000 cu.m in 2004. Water has thus become the principal strategic resource that determines the region‘s economic development options. Water allocation from Amudarya is governed by regional agreements between all Central Asian states. Turkmenistan‘s share is 22 cu.km per year, or 36% of the river‘s total runoff. Agriculture is the main water user in Turkmenistan, consuming 95% of the available resources. The emphasis on the expansion of cotton production in the Soviet era and the strategy of food self-sufficiency aggressively implemented since 1992 have led to accelerated growth of irrigated areas, which increased by nearly 4 times in the last 40 years, reaching 2.3 million hectares. Almost half this area – 1 million hectares – has been added during the 15 years since independence. Irrigation is expanded without proper engineering attention to efficient conveyance of water, using mostly unlined canals and ditches with loss rates exceeding 30%. Effective water use per hectare of irrigated land has steadily declined, and it is now one-half of its level in 1970. Inadequate water availability is one of the reasons for low crop yields in Turkmenistan. The expansion of the collector-drainage network lags far behind the expansion of irrigation: between 2000-2004 the collector-drainage network grew by 7%, while the irrigated area increased by 26%. This has led to accelerated rise of the groundwater table, deterioration of soil quality, and increased salinity. More that 1.6 million hectares, or 73% of irrigated land in Turkmenistan, is salinated. Increased use of concrete or plastic lined ditches, adoption of new efficient technologies – sprinkling, drip-irrigation, subsoil irrigation, and careful attention to water consumption for crop irrigation will significantly reduce water losses and seepage into the ground, and alleviate the problems associated with rising groundwater table. Adoption of water-saving technologies is costly, but it is essential for improved efficiency of water use. This technological approach will make it possible to increase the irrigated area in Turkmenistan to 4-5 million hectares while actually raising crop yields. It will thus help the country‘s agriculture achieve its economic potential.
The Progenitor of Supernova 2004dj in a Star Cluster
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaofeng
name: Yang, Yanbin
name: Zhang, Tianmeng
name: Ma, Jun
name: Zhou, Xu
name: Li, Weidong
name: Lou, Yu-Qing
name: Li, Zongwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The progenitor of type II-plateau supernova (SN) 2004dj is identified with a supergiant in a compact star cluster known as "Sandage Star 96" (S96) in the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 2403, which was fortuitously imaged as part of the Beijing-Arizona-Taiwan-Connecticut (BATC) Multicolor Sky Survey from Feb 1995 to Dec 2003 prior to SN 2004dj. The superior photometry of BATC images for S96, taken with 14 intermediate-band filters covering 3000-10000Å, unambiguously establishes the star cluster nature of S96 with an age of $\sim 20$Myr, a reddening of $\hbox{E}(B-V)\sim 0.35$ mag and a total mass of $\sim 96,000$M$_{\odot}$. The compact star cluster nature of S96 is also consistent with the lack of light variations in the past decade. The SN progenitor is estimated to have a main-sequence mass of $\sim$12M$_{\odot}$. The comparison of our intermediate-band data of S96 with the post-outburst photometry obtained as the SN has significantly dimmed, may hopefully conclusively establish the nature of the progenitor.
description: 4 pages; 3 figures. To accept for Publications in ApJ Letters, but slightly longer in this perprint
Automatic Identification of MHD Modes in Magnetic Fluctuations Spectrograms using Deep Learning Techniques
Creators: name: Bustos, A.
name: Ascasibar, E.
name: Cappa, A.
name: Mayo-Garcia, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The control and mitigation of MHD oscillations modes is an open problem in fusion science because they can contribute to the outward particle/energy flux and can drive the device away from ignition conditions. It is then of general interest to extract the mode information from large experimental databases in a fast and reliable way. We present a software tool based on Deep Learning that can identify these oscillations modes taking Mirnov coil spectrograms as input data. It uses Convolutional Neural Networks that we trained with manually annotated spectrograms from the TJ-II stellarator database. We have tested several detector architectures, resultingin a detector AUC score of 0.99 on the test set. Finally, it is applied to find MHD modes in our spectrograms to show how this new software tool can be used to mine other databases.
Revisiting the Constraint on the Helium Abundance from CMB
Creators: name: Ichikawa, Kazuhide
name: Takahashi, Tomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the constraint on the primordial helium mass fraction Yp from observations of cosmic microwave background (CMB) alone. By minimizing chi square of recent CMB experiments over 6 other cosmological parameters, we obtained rather weak constraints as 0.17 < Yp < 0.52 at 1 sigma C.L. for a particular data set. We also study the future constraint on cosmological parameters when we take account of the prediction of the standard big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) theory as a prior on the helium mass fraction where Yp can be fixed for a given energy density of baryon. We discuss the implications of the prediction of the standard BBN on the analysis of CMB.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, published version
Elicitation on cultural terms and plants
Creators: name: Rudolph, Johnny (Soni)
name: Drummond, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: nkr

description: One .wav audio file and one .rtf transcription file for an elicitation on the cultural jurisdiction of Nukuoro, photo identification, and plant species names. Corresponds to page 97-103 in Notebook 2.