cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Examining physical activity, healthy eating, and non-smoking behaviours during adolescence : a test of the expectancy-value model
Creators: name: Sabiston, Catherine Michelle
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The general purpose was to explain adolescents' physical activity, healthy eating, and non-smoking behaviours using an expectancy-value (EV) model approach. Possible differences in the model for boys and girls were also examined. The first study (boys: n=211; girls: n=329) used the EV model to examine health behaviours, and the integration of physical self-concept into the motivation framework. The second study (boys: n=419; girls: n=438) further tested the EV model to better understand healthpromoting behaviours, and examined the unique effects of parent and best friend influences. For both studies, structural equation modeling procedures found the EV model provided a good fit to the observed physical activity and healthy eating data. The models accounted for an R² of 0.41-0.57 for physical activity and R² of 0.29-0.59 for eating behaviour, and provided partial support for the EV model. Logistic regression models examining non-smoking behaviour showed support for the EV model tenets across the studies. In both studies, there were a number of mean-level and covariant gender differences for the health behaviour variables. Differences in the strength of the parameters and prediction in the models for boys and girls were also evident. There are conceptual and practical implications associated with this research. First, gender-specific models may benefit further inquiry into adolescents' health-promoting behaviours and subsequent intervention strategies. Additionally, physical activity, healthy eating, and non-smoking behaviours show only weak interrelationships (r=.01- .26) and the models are unique in the predictive power and independent predictors. These findings suggest that independent strategies focused on enhancing health behaviour motivation during adolescence are necessary.
The role of CMB spectral distortions in the Hubble tension: a proof of principle
Creators: name: Lucca, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although both early and late-time modifications of the $Λ$CDM model have been proposed to address the Hubble tension, compelling arguments suggest that for a solution to be successful it needs to modify the expansion history of the universe prior to recombination. This greatly increases the importance of precise CMB observations, and in this letter we make the argument for CMB spectral distortions, highlighting their potential role in constraining models that introduce significant shifts in the standard $Λ$CDM parameters, such as the scalar spectral index, in attempt to solve the Hubble tension.
description: 6 pages with 2 figures and 1 table, published version
Les exportations agro-alimentaires des pays en développement : l’impact des normes sanitaires
Creators: name: Suwa-Eisenmann, Akiko
name: Cadot, Olivier
name: Jaud, Mélise
name: Suwa-Eisenmann, Akiko
name: Cadot, Olivier
name: Jaud, Mélise
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: International Development
International Relations/Trade

description: A la suite d’une série d’alertes sanitaires (la crise de la vache folle en 1992, le poulet à la dioxine en 1999), l’Europe a renforcé son appareil réglementaire concernant la sécurité alimentaire. À la différence des droits de douane, les normes n’ont en principe pas d’effet intrinsèquement discriminatoire sur les importations dans la mesure où elles s’appliquent autant aux produits intérieurs qu’aux produits importés. Toutefois, elles peuvent avoir un effet dissuasif, intentionnellement ou non, et deviennent dans ce cas ce que l’on appelle en droit commercial international des « obstacles techniques au commerce ». De ce fait, à la suite de la mise en place d’une norme ou lorsqu’une norme existante devient plus exigeante, certains producteurs du Sud n’arrivent plus à exporter vers les pays du Nord. Au niveau de l’UE, cela se traduirait par un recentrage des sources d’approvisionnement pour les produits pour lesquels il existe un risque sanitaire. Afin d’explorer cette hypothèse, nous avons étudié la structure des importations agro-alimentaires de l’UE et son évolution, en lien avec le risque sanitaire des produits. Nous avons estimé ce dernier en exploitant les alertes sanitaires notifiées par les états membres de l’UE sur leurs importations agricoles. Les importations agro-alimentaires de l’UE ont évolué depuis 1988 vers une structure à deux vitesses : d’une part, à la marge intensive, les pays européens ont tendance à concentrer le gros de leurs achats vers quelques pays ; de l’autre, à la marge extensive, le nombre de pays fournisseurs de l’UE augmente, mais les nouveaux entrants envoient tout d’abord de plus petites quantités. Cette structure à deux vitesses est plus marquée pour les produits à risque sanitaire élevé.
M-Theory Vacua from Warped Compactifications on Spin(7) Manifolds
Creators: name: Constantin, Dragos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At the leading order, M-theory admits minimal supersymmetric compactifications if the internal manifold has exceptional holonomy. Once we take into account higher order quantum correction terms in the low energy effective action, the supergravity vacua have to be deformed away from the exceptional holonomy if we want to preserve the supersymmetry of the solution. In this paper we discuss the Spin(7) holonomy case. We derive a perturbative set of solutions which emerges from a warped compactification with non-vanishing flux for the M-theory field strength and we identify the supersymmetric vacua out of this general set of solutions. For this purpose we have to evaluate the value of the quartic polynomial J0 on a Spin(7) holonomy manifold as well as its first variation with respect to the internal metric. We show that in general the Ricci flatness of the internal manifold is lost.
description: 31 pages, no figures
Minimal surfaces in germs of hyperbolic 3--manifolds
Creators: name: Taubes, Clifford Henry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C42, 53A10, 53D30

description: This article introduces a universal moduli space for the set whose archetypal element is a pair that consists of a metric and second fundamental form from a compact, oriented, positive genus minimal surface in some hyperbolic 3-manifold. This moduli space is a smooth, finite dimensional manifold with canonical maps to both the cotangent bundle of the Teichmueller space and the space of SO(3,C) representations for the given genus surface. These two maps embed the universal moduli space as a Lagrangian submanifold in the product of the latter two spaces.
description: Published by Geometry and Topology Monographs at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/gt/GTMon7/paper3.abs.html
EXPLAIN-IT: Towards Explainable AI for Unsupervised Network Traffic Analysis
Creators: name: Morichetta, Andrea
name: Casas, Pedro
name: Mellia, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The application of unsupervised learning approaches, and in particular of clustering techniques, represents a powerful exploration means for the analysis of network measurements. Discovering underlying data characteristics, grouping similar measurements together, and identifying eventual patterns of interest are some of the applications which can be tackled through clustering. Being unsupervised, clustering does not always provide precise and clear insight into the produced output, especially when the input data structure and distribution are complex and difficult to grasp. In this paper we introduce EXPLAIN-IT, a methodology which deals with unlabeled data, creates meaningful clusters, and suggests an explanation to the clustering results for the end-user. EXPLAIN-IT relies on a novel explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) approach, which allows to understand the reasons leading to a particular decision of a supervised learning-based model, additionally extending its application to the unsupervised learning domain. We apply EXPLAIN-IT to the problem of YouTube video quality classification under encrypted traffic scenarios, showing promising results.
WZROST CEN NAWOZÓW MINERALNYCH A ICH KOSZTY W GOSPODARSTWACH SPECJALIZUJĄCYCH SIĘ W UPRAWACH POLOWYCH W LATACH 2010-2012
Creators: name: Zalewski, Arkadiusz
name: Zieliński, Marek
name: Zalewski, Arkadiusz
name: Zieliński, Marek
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: mineral fertilizers
subject: prices
subject: costs
subject: farms
subject: economic effects

description: The sharp increase in the prices of mineral fertilizers in 2010-2012 meant that farms specializing in field crops responded differently to this circumstance. Most of them in this period increased costs of mineral fertilizers were, however, and the farm that costs are reduced. The aim of the study was to evaluate the production potential, the organization of production, the efficiency of the investment and the severity of the two groups of farms specializing in field crops, which in 2010-2012 led continuously accounting for the Polish FADN. It was found that the holding that in the period decreased costs of mineral fertilizers are those which are characterized by a greater amount of work per 1 ha utilized agriculture area (UAA), had a smaller area of UAA and a worse economic situation.
title: Compressed sensing recovery with Bayesian approximate message passing using empirical least squares estimation without an explicit prior
Creators: name: Tajjar, Abdulrazak
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Signal processing
subject: Compressed sensing
subject: Message Passing

description: Compressed Sensing (CS) is a signal processing technique that allows for high-quality reconstruction of a source signal vector of dimension N from a number M N of linear measurements (undersampling!), and Approximate Message Passing (AMP) is a recovery technique that works particularly well at very low complexity. It has been shown that CS recovery in the AMP framework can be seen as recovery of the N independent and identically distributed (iid) components of the source signal in a decoupled measurement model, with a Gaussian noise of a variance that is estimated adaptively during the AMP- iterations; this variance contains the measurement noise as well as extra noise due to undersampling (i.e. M/N1). Hence, CS recovery in the AMP framework boils down to estimation of a signal in Gaussian noise of known variance. The Bayesian version of AMP (BAMP), which has the best performance, seems to require knowledge of the probability density function (pdf) of the signal prior; this may be seen as a major drawback in practice. It is known, however, that observations of a signal corrupted by Gaussian noise can be de-noised without knowing the signal prior explicitly, and the performance can be very close to that of the optimal Bayesian estimator knowing the pdf of the signal components. The contribution of this thesis is the use of a kernel density estimator as an Empirical Bayes Least Squares Estimator in the BAMP recovery framework and to compare the performance with other, "semi-blind" approaches that exploit partial knowledge of the signal prior, e.g. schemes that assume a shape of the prior pdf and optimize for its parameters from the observed data.
Oscillatory eigenmodes and stability of one and two arbitrary fractional vortices in long Josephson 0-kappa-junctions
Creators: name: Goldobin, E.
name: Susanto, H.
name: Koelle, D.
name: Kleiner, R.
name: van Gils, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate theoretically the eigenmodes and the stability of one and two arbitrary fractional vortices pinned at one and two $κ$-phase discontinuities in a long Josephson junction. In the particular case of a single $κ$-discontinuity, a vortex is spontaneously created and pinned at the boundary between the 0 and $κ$-regions. In this work we show that only two of four possible vortices are stable. A single vortex has an oscillatory eigenmode with a frequency within the plasma gap. We calculate this eigenfrequency as a function of the fractional flux carried by a vortex. For the case of two vortices, pinned at two $κ$-discontinuities situated at some distance $a$ from each other, splitting of the eigenfrequencies occur. We calculate this splitting numerically as a function of $a$ for different possible ground states. We also discuss the presence of a critical distance below which two antiferromagnetically ordered vortices form a strongly coupled ``vortex molecule'' that behaves as a single object and has only one eigenmode.
description: submitted to Phys. Rev. B ()
Convexity, Squeezing, and the Elekes-Szabó Theorem
Creators: name: Roche-Newton, Oliver
name: Wong, Elaine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper explores the relationship between convexity and sum sets. In particular, we show that elementary number theoretical methods, principally the application of a squeezing principle, can be augmented with the Elekes-Szabó Theorem in order to give new information. Namely, if we let $A \subset \mathbb R$, we prove that there exist $a,a' \in A$ such that \[\left | \frac{(aA+1)^{(2)}(a'A+1)^{(2)}}{(aA+1)^{(2)}(a'A+1)} \right | \gtrsim |A|^{31/12}.\] We are also able to prove that \[ \max \{|A+A-A|, |A^2+A^2-A^2|, |A^3 + A^3 - A^3|\} \gtrsim |A|^{19/12}.\] Both of these bounds are improvements of recent results and takes advantage of computer algebra to tackle some of the computations.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 1 of Atlas-based auto-segmentation for postoperative radiotherapy planning in endometrial and cervical cancers
Creators: name: Nalee Kim
name: Chang, Jee Suk
name: Kim, Yong Bae
name: Kim, Jin Sung
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
Molecular Line Ratio Diagnostics Along the Radial Cut and Dusty UV-bright Clumps in a Spiral Galaxy NGC 0628
Creators: name: Topal, Selçuk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular emission lines are essential tools to shed lights on many questions regarding star formation in galaxies. Multiple molecular lines are particularly useful to probe different phases of star-forming molecular clouds. In this study, we investigate the physical properties of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) using multiple lines of CO, i.e. CO(1-0, 2-1, 3-2) and $^{13}$CO(1-0), obtained at selected 20 positions in the disc of NGC 0628. Eleven positions were selected over the radial cut, including the centre, and remaining nine positions were selected across the southern and northern arms of the galaxy. 13 out of 20 positions are brighter at 24micron and ultraviolet (UV) emission and hosting significantly more HII regions compared to the rest of the positions indicating opposite characteristics. Our line ratio analysis shows that the gas gets warmer and thinner as a function of radius from the galaxy centre up to 1.7 kpc, and then the ratios start to fluctuate. Our empirical and model results suggest that the UV-bright positions have colder and thinner CO gas with higher hydrogen and CO column densities. However, the UV-dim positions have relatively warmer CO gas with lower densities bathed in GMCs surrounded by less number of HII regions. Analysis of multi-wavelength infrared and UV data indicates that the UV-bright positions have higher star formation efficiency than that of the UV-dim positions.
description: 32 pages, 11 figures, 6 tables, Accepted to MNRAS
Graph Machine Learning for Design of High-Octane Fuels
Creators: name: Rittig, Jan G.
name: Ritzert, Martin
name: Schweidtmann, Artur M.
name: Winkler, Stefanie
name: Weber, Jana M.
name: Morsch, Philipp
name: Heufer, K. Alexander
name: Grohe, Martin
name: Mitsos, Alexander
name: Dahmen, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fuels with high-knock resistance enable modern spark-ignition engines to achieve high efficiency and thus low CO2 emissions. Identification of molecules with desired autoignition properties indicated by a high research octane number and a high octane sensitivity is therefore of great practical relevance and can be supported by computer-aided molecular design (CAMD). Recent developments in the field of graph machine learning (graph-ML) provide novel, promising tools for CAMD. We propose a modular graph-ML CAMD framework that integrates generative graph-ML models with graph neural networks and optimization, enabling the design of molecules with desired ignition properties in a continuous molecular space. In particular, we explore the potential of Bayesian optimization and genetic algorithms in combination with generative graph-ML models. The graph-ML CAMD framework successfully identifies well-established high-octane components. It also suggests new candidates, one of which we experimentally investigate and use to illustrate the need for further auto-ignition training data.
description: manuscript (26 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables), supporting information (12 pages, 8 figures, 1 table)
Revealing the state space of turbulence using machine learning
Creators: name: Page, Jacob
name: Brenner, Michael P.
name: Kerswell, Rich R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite the apparent complexity of turbulent flow, identifying a simpler description of the underlying dynamical system remains a fundamental challenge. Capturing how the turbulent flow meanders amongst unstable states (simple invariant solutions) in phase space, as envisaged by Hopf in 1948, using some efficient representation offers the best hope of doing this, despite the inherent difficulty in identifying these states. Here, we make a significant step towards this goal by demonstrating that deep convolutional autoencoders can identify low-dimensional representations of two-dimensional turbulence which are closely associated with the simple invariant solutions characterizing the turbulent attractor. To establish this, we develop latent Fourier analysis that decomposes the flow embedding into a set of orthogonal latent Fourier modes which decode into physically meaningful patterns resembling simple invariant solutions. The utility of this approach is highlighted by analysing turbulent Kolmogorov flow (flow on a 2D torus forced at large scale) at $Re=40$ where, in between intermittent bursts, the flow resides in the neighbourhood of an unstable state and is very low dimensional. Projections onto individual latent Fourier wavenumbers reveal the simple invariant solutions organising both the quiescent and bursting dynamics in a systematic way inaccessible to previous approaches.
Scaling and Decoherence in the Out-of-Equilibrium Kondo Model
Creators: name: Kehrein, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Kondo effect in quantum dots in an out-of-equilibrium state due to an applied dc-voltage bias. Using the method of infinitesimal unitary transformations (flow equations), we develop a perturbative scaling picture that naturally contains both equilibrium coherent and non-equilibrium decoherence effects. This framework allows one to study the competition between Kondo effect and current-induced decoherence, and it establishes a large regime dominated by single-channel Kondo physics for asymmetrically coupled quantum dots.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; v2: minor changes (typos corrected, esp. in Eqs. (3), (4), references updated, improved layout for figures)
Additional file 2 of Atlas-based auto-segmentation for postoperative radiotherapy planning in endometrial and cervical cancers
Creators: name: Nalee Kim
name: Chang, Jee Suk
name: Kim, Yong Bae
name: Kim, Jin Sung
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2.
title: Learning directed graph shifts from high-dimensional time series
Creators: name: Nagel, Lukas
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: graph signals
subject: graphical models
subject: sampling and recovery

description: Graph-basierte Signalverarbeitung (graph signal processing) ist ein neu entstehendes Gebiet in der Signalverarbeitung, das klassische Signalverarbeitung mit der Graphentheorie vereint. Es gibt zwei Ansätze: einen mit ungerichteten gewichteten Graphen, die es erlauben, die Laplacematrix zu verwenden, und den allgemeineren Ansatz, welcher auf algebraischen Eigenschaften basiert und alle gewichteten gerichteten Graphen abdeckt. Wir untersuchen das Konzept der kausalen Graph-basierten Signalverarbeitung, das von J. Mei und J.M.F. Moura vorgestellt wurde. In einem kausalen Graphprozess hängt das aktuelle Signal von vergangenen Signalen ab, auf die Graphfilter angewendet wurden. Die Graphfilter bestehen aus einem Polynom - der 'Graph Shift'-Matrix. Mit ihrem Algorithmus können die 'Graph Shift'-Matrix und die Filterkoeffizenten aus einer Folge von beobachteten Datenvektoren gelernt werden. Wir evaluieren die Leistungsfähigkeit der Methode für die Schätzung der 'Graph Shift'-Matrix aus einem künstlich generierten kausalen Graphprozess. Weiters wenden wir den Schätzalgorithmus auf zwei reale Datensätze an. Der erste Datensatz enthält tägliche Temperaturdaten aus verschiedenen Ländern. Im zweiten Beispiel versuchten wir österreichische Aktienmarktpreise mit kausalen Graphprozessen zu modellieren.
description: Graph Signal Processing is an emerging field of signal processing that combines classical signal processing with graph theory. There are two approaches which either use undirected weighted graphs that allow the usage of Laplacian graph, or the more general approach, which is based on algebraic features, including all weighted directed graphs. We investigate the concept of causal graph signal processing that was proposed by J. Mei and J.M.F. Moura. In a causal graph process, the current signal depends on the past signals through graph filters that consists of a polynomial of the graph shift matrix. With their algorithm, the graph shift matrix and filter coefficients can be learned from a sequence of observed data vectors. We evaluate the performance for estimating the shift matrix from an artificially generated causal graph process. Furthermore, we apply the estimation algorithm on two real-world data sets. The first data set contains daily temperature data from different countries. In the second example, we tried to model Austrian stock prices with causal graph processes.
Electron scattering dependence of dendritic magnetic instability in superconducting MgB2 films
Creators: name: Ye, Z. X.
name: Li, Qiang
name: Hu, Y. F.
name: Pogrebnyakov, A. V.
name: Cui, Y.
name: Xi, X. X.
name: Redwing, J. M.
name: Li, Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic instability in both ultra-pure and carbon-doped MgB2 films is investigated by magneto-optical imaging, transport and bulk magnetization measurements. In the carbon-doped MgB2 thin film, familiar dendritic flux-jump patterns were observed at low temperature as reported in previous experiments. In the ultra-pure MgB2 thin film, however, a remarkably stable flux penetration was observed, clearly showing the classic behavior of the critical state model. Such different behavior indicates that the electron scattering ultimately controls the magnetic stability of MgB2 films.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
UWARUNKOWANIA PRZESTRZENNE LOKALIZACJI BIOGAZOWNI W POLSCE
Creators: name: Zarębski, Patrycjusz
name: Zarębski, Patrycjusz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: location
subject: biogas
subject: location factors
subject: the potential of biogas

description: Author of the study attempted to answer the question, what are the determinants of the location of the biogas plants in Poland with particular emphasis on spatial differentiation potential of biogas. We analyzed the location of active 46 biogas plants in Poland. The analysis confirmed the significance of the location of the biogas plant location factor, which is the spatial availability of biomass waste of animal origin. Simultaneously, it was observed that determines the size of the potential biomass power plant. It was also noted that an important barrier to the location of the biogas plants can be located in the vicinity of investments protected areas, especially national parks and nature parks. In all locations analyzed the potential availability of biomass waste food processing plants were at a similar level, which does not exclude its role in the location of the plant.
Encoder-Decoder Models Can Benefit from Pre-trained Masked Language Models in Grammatical Error Correction
Creators: name: Kaneko, Masahiro
name: Mita, Masato
name: Kiyono, Shun
name: Suzuki, Jun
name: Inui, Kentaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper investigates how to effectively incorporate a pre-trained masked language model (MLM), such as BERT, into an encoder-decoder (EncDec) model for grammatical error correction (GEC). The answer to this question is not as straightforward as one might expect because the previous common methods for incorporating a MLM into an EncDec model have potential drawbacks when applied to GEC. For example, the distribution of the inputs to a GEC model can be considerably different (erroneous, clumsy, etc.) from that of the corpora used for pre-training MLMs; however, this issue is not addressed in the previous methods. Our experiments show that our proposed method, where we first fine-tune a MLM with a given GEC corpus and then use the output of the fine-tuned MLM as additional features in the GEC model, maximizes the benefit of the MLM. The best-performing model achieves state-of-the-art performances on the BEA-2019 and CoNLL-2014 benchmarks. Our code is publicly available at: https://github.com/kanekomasahiro/bert-gec.
description: Accepted as a short paper to the 58th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-2020)
Deep Learning Opacity in Scientific Discovery
Creators: name: Duede, Eamon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Philosophers have recently focused on critical, epistemological challenges that arise from the opacity of deep neural networks. One might conclude from this literature that doing good science with opaque models is exceptionally challenging, if not impossible. Yet, this is hard to square with the recent boom in optimism for AI in science alongside a flood of recent scientific breakthroughs driven by AI methods. In this paper, I argue that the disconnect between philosophical pessimism and scientific optimism is driven by a failure to examine how AI is actually used in science. I show that, in order to understand the epistemic justification for AI-powered breakthroughs, philosophers must examine the role played by deep learning as part of a wider process of discovery. The philosophical distinction between the 'context of discovery' and the 'context of justification' is helpful in this regard. I demonstrate the importance of attending to this distinction with two cases drawn from the scientific literature, and show that epistemic opacity need not diminish AI's capacity to lead scientists to significant and justifiable breakthroughs.
description: Forthcoming at "Philosophy of Science" 12 pages, 1 figure
Man's Disposition to both Justify and Execute Torture
Creators: name: Sumanatilake, P. Saliya
Publisher: name: Self published via Amazon's free KDP (ASIN B0BTCF4LQV)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Torture
subject: Torture--Law and legislation
subject: Torture--Psychological aspects
subject: Criminal law
subject: Justification (Ethics)
subject: Justification (Ethics) in children
subject: Justification (Law)
subject: Excuses--Psychological aspects
subject: Milgram, Stanley
subject: Zimbardo, Philip G.
subject: Bandura, Albert, 1925-2021
subject: Festinger, Leon, 1919-1989
subject: Adorno, Theodor W., 1903-1969
subject: Montaigne, Michel de, 1533-1592
subject: Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, 1844-1900

description: This book extract contributes to the literature by inter alia (1) identifying societal justification as incentivizing torture, (2) disclosing man's innate cruelty and habitual recourse to elective disassociation as facilitating its unperturbed discharge and (3) deeming moral realization its universal panacea.
Noether methods for fluids and plasmas
Creators: name: Brizard, Alain J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two applications of the Noether method for fluids and plasmas are presented based on the Euler-Lagrange and Euler-Poincare variational principles, which depend on whether the dynamical fields are to be varied independently or not, respectively. The relativistic cold laser-plasma equations, describing the interaction between an intense laser field with a cold relativistic electron plasma, provide a useful set of equations amenable to both variational formulations. The derivation of conservation laws by Noether method proceeds from the Noether equation, whose form depends on the variational formulation used. As expected, the expressions for the energy-momentum conservation laws are identical in both variational formulations. The connection between the two Lagrangian densities is shown to involve the mass conservation and Lin constraints associated with the cold relativistic electron fluid.
description: 16 pages
Nuclear magnetization distribution effect in molecules: Ra$^+$ and RaF hyperfine structure
Creators: name: Skripnikov, Leonid V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently the first laser spectroscopy measurement of the radioactive RaF molecule has been reported by Ruiz \textit{et al.} [Nature \textbf{581}, 396 (2020)]. This and similar molecules are considered to search for the New Physics effects. The radium nucleus is of interest as it is octupole-deformed and has close levels of opposite parity. The preparation of such experiments can be simplified if there are reliable theoretical predictions. It is shown that the accurate prediction of the hyperfine structure of the RaF molecule requires to take into account the finite magnetization distribution inside the radium nucleus. For atoms, this effect is known as the Bohr-Weisskopf (BW) effect. Its magnitude depends on the model of the nuclear magnetization distribution which is usually not well known. We show that it is possible to express the nuclear magnetization distribution contribution to the hyperfine structure constant in terms of one magnetization distribution dependent parameter: BW matrix element for $1s$-state of the corresponding hydrogen-like ion. This parameter can be extracted from the accurate experimental and theoretical electronic structure data for an ion, atom, or molecule without the explicit treatment of any nuclear magnetization distribution model. This approach can be applied to predict the hyperfine structure of atoms and \textit{molecules} and allows one to separate the nuclear and electronic correlation problems. It is employed to calculate the finite nuclear magnetization distribution contribution to the hyperfine structure of the $^{225}$Ra$^+$ cation and $^{225}$RaF molecule. For the ground state of the $^{225}$RaF molecule, this contribution achieves 4\%.
LEASING JAKO ŹRÓDŁO FINANSOWANIA INWESTYCJI GOSPODARSTW ROLNYCH NA PRZYKŁADZIE REGIONU POMORZA ŚRODKOWEGO
Creators: name: Zawadzka, Danuta
name: Szafraniec-Siluta, Ewa
name: Zawadzka, Danuta
name: Szafraniec-Siluta, Ewa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: farm
subject: lease
subject: investments
subject: financial decisions

description: The aim of the study is to determine the changes in the leasing market of agricultural machines in Poland, and an indication of how it is relevant to the perception of leasing as a source of financing investment activities by Middle Pomerania farms. During research, there was a thesis advanced about the growing importance of this source of farms’ investment financing, both in Poland and in the region of Middle Pomerania. The analyzes were used secondary data from the Polish Leasing Association and the raw data collected as a result of a survey conducted on a sample of Middle Pomerania farms.
A Deep Radio Survey of Abell 2125 I: Radio, Optical and Near-IR Observations
Creators: name: Owen, F. N.
name: Keel, W. C.
name: Ledlow, M. J.
name: Morrison, G. E.
name: Windhorst, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a description of deep radio, optical, and near IR observations taken with the VLA, the KPNO 2m and the KPNO 4m of the region containing the rich cluster of galaxies Abell 2125. The reduction of each dataset is described. A catalog of radio sources apparently not associated with members of Abell 2125 and the associated R-band magnitudes is presented.
description: 25 pages, 2 figures, accepted AJ
Additional file 1 of Concept analysis of community health outreach
Creators: name: Shin, Hye Young
name: Kim, Ka Young
name: Kang, Purum
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. The list of articles used for concept analysis on community health outreach.
WPŁYW ZADŁUŻENIA NA RENTOWNOŚĆ I BEZPIECZEŃSTWO FINANSOWE WYBRANYCH SPÓŁDZIELNI MLECZARSKICH W POLSCE
Creators: name: Zuba, Jan
name: Zuba, Jan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Financial Economics
subject: indebtedness
subject: milk cooperative
subject: profitability
subject: financial safety

description: The aim of the work was examined of the influence of the indebtedness on the security level of financial and profitabilities of 41 milk cooperatives within a period of four following years from 14 provinces in Poland. The examined cooperatives were grouped into 4 groups. A base of their grouping were values of three following quartiles of indebtedness of these dairies. Cooperatives about the higher level of the indebtedness had the higher profitability, however in case of the financial safety it cannot draw unambiguous conclusions.
Quantum confinement of Dirac quasiparticles in graphene patterned with subnanometer precision
Creators: name: Río, E. Cortés-del
name: Mallet, P.
name: González-Herrero, H.
name: Lado, J. L.
name: Fernández-Rossier, J.
name: Gómez-Rodríguez, J. M.
name: Veuillen, J-Y.
name: Brihuega, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum confinement of graphene Dirac-like electrons in artificially crafted nanometer structures is a long sought goal that would provide a strategy to selectively tune the electronic properties of graphene, including bandgap opening or quantization of energy levels However, creating confining structures with nanometer precision in shape, size and location, remains as an experimental challenge, both for top-down and bottom-up approaches. Moreover, Klein tunneling, offering an escape route to graphene electrons, limits the efficiency of electrostatic confinement. Here, a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is used to create graphene nanopatterns, with sub-nanometer precision, by the collective manipulation of a large number of H atoms. Individual graphene nanostructures are built at selected locations, with predetermined orientations and shapes, and with dimensions going all the way from 2 nanometers up to 1 micron. The method permits to erase and rebuild the patterns at will, and it can be implemented on different graphene substrates. STM experiments demonstrate that such graphene nanostructures confine very efficiently graphene Dirac quasiparticles, both in zero and one dimensional structures. In graphene quantum dots, perfectly defined energy band gaps up to 0.8 eV are found, that scale as the inverse of the dots linear dimension, as expected for massless Dirac fermions
description: Main Manuscript and Supporting Information
Maximal fluctuations around the Wulff shape for edge-isoperimetric sets in ${\mathbb Z^d}$: a sharp scaling law
Creators: name: Mainini, Edoardo
name: Schmidt, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82D25, 82B20, 05C35

description: We derive a sharp scaling law for deviations of edge-isoperimetric sets in the lattice $\mathbb Z^d$ from the limiting Wulff shape in arbitrary dimensions. As the number $n$ of elements diverges, we prove that the symmetric difference to the corresponding Wulff set consists of at most $O(n^{(d-1+2^{1-d})/d})$ lattice points and that the exponent $(d-1+2^{1-d})/d$ is optimal. This extends the previously found `$n^{3/4}$ laws' for $d=2,3$ to general dimensions. As a consequence we obtain optimal estimates on the rate of convergence to the limiting Wulff shape as $n$ diverges.
Heavy quark photoproduction in proton-proton collisions
Creators: name: Goncalves, V. P.
name: Machado, M. V. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the photoproduction of heavy quarks in proton-proton collisions at RHIC, Tevatron and LHC energies. The integrated cross section and the rapidity distributions for open charm and bottom production are computed employing sound high energy QCD formalisms. For the linear pQCD approaches we consider both the usual collinear factorization and the k_T-factorization formalisms, whereas for the nonlinear QCD (saturation) calculations one considers the Golec-Biernat-Wuesthoff and the Iancu-Itakura-Munier parameterizations for the dipole cross section within the color dipole picture.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures. Version to be published in Physical Review D
Graph Neural Networks for Temperature-Dependent Activity Coefficient Prediction of Solutes in Ionic Liquids
Creators: name: Rittig, Jan G.
name: Hicham, Karim Ben
name: Schweidtmann, Artur M.
name: Dahmen, Manuel
name: Mitsos, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ionic liquids (ILs) are important solvents for sustainable processes and predicting activity coefficients (ACs) of solutes in ILs is needed. Recently, matrix completion methods (MCMs), transformers, and graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown high accuracy in predicting ACs of binary mixtures, superior to well-established models, e.g., COSMO-RS and UNIFAC. GNNs are particularly promising here as they learn a molecular graph-to-property relationship without pretraining, typically required for transformers, and are, unlike MCMs, applicable to molecules not included in training. For ILs, however, GNN applications are currently missing. Herein, we present a GNN to predict temperature-dependent infinite dilution ACs of solutes in ILs. We train the GNN on a database including more than 40,000 AC values and compare it to a state-of-the-art MCM. The GNN and MCM achieve similar high prediction performance, with the GNN additionally enabling high-quality predictions for ACs of solutions that contain ILs and solutes not considered during training.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables
PODSTAWOWE UWARUNKOWANIA W ZARZĄDZANIU WYDAJNOŚCIĄ PRACY W WYBRANYCH SPÓŁDZIELNIACH MLECZARSKICH W POLSCE
Creators: name: Zuba-Ciszewska, Maria
name: Zuba-Ciszewska, Maria
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: milk cooperative
subject: labour productivity

description: The aim of the work was the analysis of basic conditionings of the technical and economical labour productivity in chosen milk co-operatives in Poland. The improvement of both economic and the technical labour productivity in examined cooperatives was caused not so much a fall of the employment (in greatest dairies the employment increased), but with the enlargement of the size of bought up milk and with the sale value. The technical armament of the work showed in all subjects the tendency growing, and is not only due to the fall of the employment, but increased fixed investments. The causal analysis of the economic labour productivity showed that in the most of examined cooperatives had not been the developed intensive agriculture. The increase of the labour productivity had its source mainly in features cost-intensive, so in reality extensive.
Additional file 6 of Effectiveness of therapeutic footwear for children: A systematic review
Creators: name: Hill, Matthew
name: Healy, Aoife
name: Nachiappan Chockalingam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6. PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Az Észak-Magyarország régió történeti kertjei és a turizmus
Creators: name: Játékos, Edit
name: Játékos, Edit
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: idegenforgalmi adottságok
subject: szórakoztató attrakciók
subject: tematikus jellegű vonzástényezők
subject: tourist trade endowments
subject: entertaining attractions
subject: attraction factors of a thematic nature

description: A turizmus – egyre inkább – globálissá váló piacán azok a desztinációk számíthatnak népszerűségre, amelyek helyi adottságokra épülnek és olyan turisztikai termékeket kínálnak, amelyek megfelelnek a turisztikai keresletnek. A nemzetközi előrejelzések szerint a turisták az elkövetkezendő években – az egyéni képzettségi és kulturális szint növekedésével – elsősorban azokat a vonzerőket fogják előnyben részesíteni, amelyek a kultúrán alapulnak. A 2007-2013 fejlesztési időszak célkitűzéseinek megvalósítása érdekében tanulmányomban egy olyan turisztikai terméket – tematikus utat – állítottam össze, amelynek központi témája a kert. ------------------- In the increasingly global tourism market the destinations that can expect to be popular are those which build on local endowments and offer touristic products that meet touristic demand. According to international forecasts, with rising levels of education and culture, tourists in the coming decade will primarily prioritise culturally-based attractions. In the interests of realising the 2007-2013 development period targets, I constructed a touristic product – a thematic trip – in my study, the central theme of which is the garden.
A Deep Radio Survey of Abell 2125 II: Accelerated Galaxy Evolution during a Cluster-Cluster Merger
Creators: name: Owen, F. N.
name: Ledlow, M. J.
name: Keel, W. C.
name: Wang, Q. D.
name: Morrison, G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using our extensive radio, optical, near-IR and X-ray imaging and spectroscopy, we consider the reason for the unusually large number of radio detected galaxies, mostly found outside the cluster core, in Abell 2125 (z=0.2465, richness class 4). With 20-cm VLA data, we detect continuum emission from 90 cluster members. The multiwavelength properties of these galaxies suggest that most of the radio emission is due to an enhanced star-formation rate. The dynamical study of Miller et al (2004) suggests that Abell 2125 is undergoing a major cluster-cluster merger, with our view within 30 degrees of the merger axis and within 0.2 Gyr of core passage. The combination of projection effects and the physical processes at work during this special time in the cluster's evolution seem likely to be responsible for the unusual level of activity we see in the cluster. We argue that tidal effects on individual cluster members, often far from the cluster core, are responsible for the increased star formation. Our results are consistent with the idea that disk galaxies during this phase of a cluster's evolution undergo rapid evolution, through a burst of star formation, on their way to becoming S0's.
description: 53 pages, 12 figures, accepted AJ, paper with full resolution figures is available at http:www.aoc.nrao.edu/~fowen/papers/a2125/a2125paper2.ps.gz
ParsBERT: Transformer-based Model for Persian Language Understanding
Creators: name: Farahani, Mehrdad
name: Gharachorloo, Mohammad
name: Farahani, Marzieh
name: Manthouri, Mohammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The surge of pre-trained language models has begun a new era in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) by allowing us to build powerful language models. Among these models, Transformer-based models such as BERT have become increasingly popular due to their state-of-the-art performance. However, these models are usually focused on English, leaving other languages to multilingual models with limited resources. This paper proposes a monolingual BERT for the Persian language (ParsBERT), which shows its state-of-the-art performance compared to other architectures and multilingual models. Also, since the amount of data available for NLP tasks in Persian is very restricted, a massive dataset for different NLP tasks as well as pre-training the model is composed. ParsBERT obtains higher scores in all datasets, including existing ones as well as composed ones and improves the state-of-the-art performance by outperforming both multilingual BERT and other prior works in Sentiment Analysis, Text Classification and Named Entity Recognition tasks.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 7 tables, table 7 corrected and some refs related to table 7