cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Suplementary materials.docx
Creators: name: Basyuni, Mohammad
name: Pasaribu, Syraifah Aini
name: Purba, Edison
name: Hasanah, Yaya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Plant physiology

description: This supplementary materials were part of manuscripts entitled "Physiological Characters of IRR 400 Series Rubber Clones (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) on Drought Stress"
Locally Phase-Engineered MoTe$_2$ for Near-Infrared Photodetectors
Creators: name: Hidding, Jan
name: Cordero-Silis, Cédric A.
name: Vaquero, Daniel
name: Rompotis, Konstantinos P.
name: Quereda, Jorge
name: Guimarães, Marcos H. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are ideal systems for two-dimensional (2D) optoelectronic applications, owing to their strong light-matter interaction and various band gap energies. New techniques to modify the crystallographic phase of TMDs have recently been discovered, allowing the creation of lateral heterostructures and the design of all-2D circuitry. Thus far, the potential benefits of phase-engineered TMD devices for optoelectronic applications are still largely unexplored. The dominant mechanisms involved in the photocurrent generation in these systems remain unclear, hindering further development of new all-2D optoelectronic devices. Here, we fabricate locally phase-engineered MoTe$_{2}$ optoelectronic devices, creating a metal (1T') semiconductor (2H) lateral junction and unveil the main mechanisms at play for photocurrent generation. We find that the photocurrent originates from the 1T'-2H junction, with a maximum at the 2H MoTe$_{2}$ side of the junction. This observation, together with the non-linear IV-curve, indicates that the photovoltaic effect plays a major role on the photon-to-charge current conversion in these systems. Additionally, the 1T'-2H MoTe$_{2}$ heterojunction device exhibits a fast optoelectronic response over a wavelength range of 700 nm to 1100 nm, with a rise and fall times of 113 $μ$s and 110 $μ$s, two orders of magnitude faster when compared to a directly contacted 2H MoTe$_{2}$ device. These results show the potential of local phase-engineering for all-2D optoelectronic circuitry.
Many-body quantum chemistry for the electron gas: convergent perturbative theories
Creators: name: Shepherd, James J.
name: Grüneis, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the accuracy of a number of wavefunction based methods at the heart of quantum chemistry for metallic systems. Using Hartree-Fock as a reference, perturbative (Møller-Plesset, MP) and coupled cluster (CC) theories are used to study the uniform electron gas model. Our findings suggest that non-perturbative coupled cluster theories are acceptable for modelling electronic interactions in metals whilst perturbative coupled cluster theories are not. Using screened interactions, we propose a simple modification to the widely-used coupled-cluster singles and doubles plus perturbative triples method (CCSD(T)) that lifts the divergent behaviour and is shown to give very accurate correlation energies for the homogeneous electron gas.
description: Comments welcome. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1208.6103
The Urban–Rural Heterogeneity of Air Pollution in 35 Metropolitan Regions across China
Creators: name: Han, Wenchao
name: Li, Zhanqing
name: Guo, Jianping
name: Su, Tianning
name: Chen, Tianmeng
name: Wei, Jing
name: Cribb, Maureen
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: air pollution
aerosol
urbanization
spatial inhomogeneity
metropolitan regions in China

description: Urbanization and air pollution are major anthropogenic impacts on Earth’s environment, weather, and climate. Each has been studied extensively, but their interactions have not. Urbanization leads to a dramatic variation in the spatial distribution of air pollution (fine particles) by altering surface properties and boundary-layer micrometeorology, but it remains unclear, especially between the centers and suburbs of metropolitan regions. Here, we investigated the spatial variation, or inhomogeneity, of air quality in urban and rural areas of 35 major metropolitan regions across China using four different long-term observational datasets from both ground-based and space-borne observations during the period 2001–2015. In general, air pollution in summer in urban areas is more serious than in rural areas. However, it is more homogeneously polluted, and also more severely polluted in winter than that in summer. Four factors are found to play roles in the spatial inhomogeneity of air pollution between urban and rural areas and their seasonal differences: (1) the urban–rural difference in emissions in summer is slightly larger than in winter; (2) urban structures have a more obvious association with the spatial distribution of aerosols in summer; (3) the wind speed, topography, and different reductions in the planetary boundary layer height from clean to polluted conditions have different effects on the density of pollutants in different seasons; and (4) relative humidity can play an important role in affecting the spatial inhomogeneity of air pollution despite the large uncertainties.
CMIP5 Projections of Arctic Amplification, of the North American/North Atlantic Circulation, and of Their Relationship
Creators: name: Barnes, Elizabeth A.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Ozone-depleting substances
Atmospheric circulation
Atmospheric physics
Global warming
Climatic changes
Atmosphere
Meteorology

description: Recent studies have hypothesized that Arctic amplification, the enhanced warming of the Arctic region compared to the rest of the globe, will cause changes in midlatitude weather over the twenty-first century. This study exploits the recently completed phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and examines 27 state-of-the-art climate models to determine if their projected changes in the midlatitude circulation are consistent with the hypothesized impact of Arctic amplification over North America and the North Atlantic. Under the largest future greenhouse forcing (RCP8.5), it is found that every model, in every season, exhibits Arctic amplification by 2100. At the same time, the projected circulation responses are either opposite in sign to those hypothesized or too widely spread among the models to discern any robust change. However, in a few seasons and for some of the circulation metrics examined, correlations are found between the model spread in Arctic amplification and the model spread in the projected circulation changes. Therefore, while the CMIP5 models offer some evidence that future Arctic warming may be able to modulate some aspects of the midlatitude circulation response in some seasons, the analysis herein leads to the conclusion that the net circulation response in the future is unlikely to be determined solely—or even primarily—by Arctic warming according to the sequence of events recently hypothesized.
Suplementary materials.docx
Creators: name: Pasaribu, Syraifah Aini
name: Basyuni, Mohammad
name: Hasanah, Yaya
name: Purba, Edison
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Plant physiology

description: This supplementary materials were part of manuscripts entitled "Physiological Characters of IRR 400 Series Rubber Clones (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) on Drought Stress"
New insights into lithology and hydrogeology of the northern Newark Rift Basin
Creators: name: Zakharova, Natalia
name: Goldberg, David S.
name: Olsen, Paul E.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Morgan, Sally
name: Yang, Qiang
name: Stute, Martin
name: Matter, Juerg M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mudstone
subject: Basins (Geology)
subject: Petrology
subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Hydrology

description: The marginal facies of the Triassic rift basins in the eastern United States are poorly documented, particularly on the hinge or hanging wall margins. This study presents a lithological description and multiscale petrophysical analysis of basement rocks, overlying marginal facies of the early synrift strata, and the basal contact of the Palisade Sill that were drilled and cored in the northeastern part of the Newark Basin, near its terminus. The expression of the Stockton Formation differs from that in the central basin in having thinner layers, with uncertain temporal relationship to the type area. The bottom 50 m is lithologically distinct with brick-red to dark-purple mudstones and sandstones, abundant gypsum-filled fractures, and a thin zone with anomalously high uranium concentration, not associated with organic-rich mudstones as other occurrences in the basin. The crystalline basement is apparently Fordham gneiss, overlain by a thin sandstone layer and a dark-purple hydrophilic mudstone. Despite the abundance of coarse-grained strata and multiple sets of tectonic fractures, hydraulically transmissive zones are sparse, and do not uniquely correlate to fracture and/or matrix characteristics. Enhanced transmissivity may exist along intrusion boundaries due to enhanced thermal fracturing, but more hydraulic data are needed to verify it. Comparison of petrophysical data in two boreholes ∼210 m apart shows no direct correlation of individual lithological units and their hydraulic properties, although the overall formation characteristics are similar. The results highlight challenges for outcrop correlation at the marginal edges of the rift basins and estimating reservoir properties of these heterogeneous formations.
Fermion Mass Generation without Symmetry Breaking
Creators: name: Cresswell-Hogg, Charlie
name: Litim, Daniel F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the generation of fermion mass in a context where interactions break a discrete chiral symmetry. Then, fermion mass is not protected by a symmetry, no symmetry is broken by the generation of mass, and a vanishing mass no longer enhances a symmetry. We elaborate these scenarios for template fermionic and Yukawa theories in three dimensions where mass can be generated either by fluctuations, strong dynamics, or the vacuum expectation value of a scalar field. We find that fluctuation-induced contributions to fermion mass are parametrically suppressed in the number of fermion flavours $N$. The generation of fermion mass then takes the form of a rapid crossover which turns into a second order quantum phase transition for large $N$, much like in settings with fundamental chiral symmetry. We further discuss theories where fermion mass can be generated spontaneously without breaking any symmetry other than scale symmetry. Implications of our findings are discussed.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures; v2: 2 figures and clarifications added, version accepted for publication in PRD
The Specified Chemistry Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (SC-WACCM)
Creators: name: Smith, Karen L.
name: Neely, R. R.
name: Marsh, D. R.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Atmospheric ozone
Atmospheric chemistry
Climatic changes--Mathematical models
Ozone layer
Climatic changes--Simulation methods
Climatic changes--Forecasting
Ozone layer depletion
Climatology

description: We here present, document and validate a new atmospheric component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM1): the Specified Chemistry Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (SC-WACCM). As the name implies, SC-WACCM is a middle atmosphere-resolving model with prescribed, rather than interactive chemistry. Ozone concentrations are specified throughout the atmosphere, using zonal and monthly mean climatologies computed by a companion integration with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). Above 65 km, in addition, the climatological chemical and shortwave heating, nitrogen oxide, atomic and molecular oxygen and carbon dioxide are also prescribed from the companion WACCM integration. We carefully compare the climatology and the climate variability of preindustrial integrations of SC-WACCM and WACCM each coupled with active land, ocean and sea-ice components. We note some differences in upper stratospheric and lower mesospheric temperature, just below the 65 km transition level, due to the diurnal ozone cycle that is not captured when monthly mean ozone is used. Nonetheless, we find that the climatology and variability of the stratosphere, the troposphere and surface climate are nearly identical in SC-WACCM and WACCM. Notably, the frequency and amplitude of Northern Hemisphere stratospheric sudden warmings in the two integrations are not significantly different. Also, we compare WACCM and SC-WACCM to CCSM4, the “low-top” version of CESM1, and we find very significant differences in the stratospheric climatology and variability. The removal of the chemistry reduces the computational cost of SC-WACCM to approximately one half of WACCM: in fact, SC-WACCM is only 2.5 times more expensive than CCSM4 at the same horizontal resolution. This considerable reduction in computational cost makes the new SC-WACCM component of CESM1 ideally suited for studies of stratosphere-troposphere dynamical coupling and, more generally, the role of the stratosphere in the climate system.
Insectivora
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Insectivora

description: ORDER INSECTIVORA ISIS NUMBER: 5301403000000000000
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Insectivora, pp. 58-106 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353001
The Sialoside-Binding Pocket of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Structurally Resembles MERS-CoV
Creators: name: Awasthi, Mayanka
name: Gulati, Sahil
name: Sarkar, Debi P.
name: Tiwari, Swasti
name: Kateriya, Suneel
name: Ranjan, Peeyush
name: Verma, Santosh Kumar
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2
N-terminal domain
spike glycoprotein
MERS-CoV

description: COVID-19 novel coronavirus (CoV) disease caused by severe acquired respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 manifests severe lethal respiratory illness in humans and has recently developed into a worldwide pandemic. The lack of effective treatment strategy and vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 poses a threat to human health. An extremely high infection rate and multi-organ secondary infection within a short period of time makes this virus more deadly and challenging for therapeutic interventions. Despite high sequence similarity and utilization of common host-cell receptor, human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) for virus entry, SARS-CoV-2 is much more infectious than SARS-CoV. Structure-based sequence comparison of the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the spike protein of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 illustrate three divergent loop regions in SARS-CoV-2, which is reminiscent of MERS-CoV sialoside binding pockets. Comparative binding analysis with host sialosides revealed conformational flexibility of SARS-CoV-2 divergent loop regions to accommodate diverse glycan-rich sialosides. These key differences with SARS-CoV and similarity with MERS-CoV suggest an evolutionary adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein reciprocal interaction with host surface sialosides to infect host cells with wide tissue tropism.
Newcastle Disease Virus as a Vaccine Vector for SARS-CoV-2
Creators: name: Shirvani, Edris
name: Samal, Siba K.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
coronavirus
Newcastle disease virus (NDV)
vaccine
viral vector and viral respiratory infection

description: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in more than 16 million infections and more than 600,000 deaths worldwide. There is an urgent need to develop a safe and effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Currently, several strategies are being pursued to develop a safe and effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. However, each vaccine strategy has distinct advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is important to evaluate multiple vaccine platforms to select the most efficient vaccine platform for SARS-CoV-2. In this regard, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian virus, has several well-suited properties for development of a vector vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we elaborate on the idea of considering NDV as a vaccine vector for SARS-CoV-2.
Air–Sea Interactions from Westerly Wind Bursts During the November 2011 MJO in the Indian Ocean
Creators: name: Moum, James N.
name: De Szoeke, Simon P.
name: Smyth, William D.
name: Edson, James B.
name: DeWitt, H. Langley
name: Moulin, Aurélie J.
name: Thompson, Elizabeth J.
name: Zappa, Christopher J.
name: Rutledge, Steven A.
name: Johnson, Richard H.
name: Fairall, Christopher W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Ocean-atmosphere interaction--Research
subject: Westerlies
subject: Madden-Julian oscillation
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Meteorology
subject: Hydrology

description: The life cycles of three Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) events were observed over the Indian Ocean as part of the Dynamics of the MJO (DYNAMO) experiment. During November 2011 near 0°, 80°E, the site of the research vessel Roger Revelle, the authors observed intense multiscale interactions within an MJO convective envelope, including exchanges between synoptic, meso, convective, and turbulence scales in both atmosphere and ocean and complicated by a developing tropical cyclone. Embedded within the MJO event, two bursts of sustained westerly wind (>10 m s−1; 0–8-km height) and enhanced precipitation passed over the ship, each propagating eastward as convectively coupled Kelvin waves at an average speed of 8.6 m s−1. The ocean response was rapid, energetic, and complex. The Yoshida–Wyrtki jet at the equator accelerated from less than 0.5 m s−1 to more than 1.5 m s−1 in 2 days. This doubled the eastward transport along the ocean's equatorial waveguide. Oceanic (subsurface) turbulent heat fluxes were comparable to atmospheric surface fluxes, thus playing a comparable role in cooling the sea surface. The sustained eastward surface jet continued to energize shear-driven entrainment at its base (near 100-m depth) after the MJO wind bursts subsided, thereby further modifying sea surface temperature for a period of several weeks after the storms had passed.
Factorized Three-body S-Matrix Restrained by Yang-Baxter Equation and Quantum Entanglements
Creators: name: Yu, Li-Wei
name: Zhao, Qing
name: Ge, Mo-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper investigates the physical effects of Yang-Baxter equation (YBE) to quantum entanglements through the 3-body S-matrix in entangling parameter space. The explicit form of 3-body S-matrix $\breve{R}_{123}(θ,φ)$ based on the 2-body S-matrices is given due to the factorization condition of YBE. The corresponding chain Hamiltonian has been obtained and diagonalized, also the Berry phase for 3-body system is given. It turns out that by choosing different spectral parameters the $\breve{R}(θ,φ)$-matrix gives GHZ and W state respectively. The extended 1-D Kitaev toy model has been derived. Examples of the role of the model in entanglement transfer are discussed.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures
simpleaf: a simple, flexible, and scalable framework for single-cell data processing using alevin-fry
Creators: name: He, Dongze
name: Patro, Rob
Publisher: name: OUP Bioinformatics
Year: 2023
Subjects: Computational Biology
Single Cell
Sequence Analysis
Software Engineering

description: The alevin-fry ecosystem provides a robust and growing suite of programs for single-cell data processing. However, as new single-cell technologies are introduced, as the community continues to adjust best practices for data processing, and as the alevin-fry ecosystem itself expands and grows, it is becoming increasingly important to manage the complexity of alevin-fry’s single-cell preprocessing workflows while retaining the performance and flexibility that make these tools enticing. We introduce simpleaf, a program that simplifies the processing of single-cell data using tools from the alevin-fry ecosystem, and adds new functionality and capabilities, while retaining the flexibility and performance of the underlying tools. Simpleaf is written in Rust and released under a BSD 3-Clause license. It is freely available from its GitHub repository https://github.com/COMBINE-lab/simpleaf, and via bioconda. Documentation for simpleaf is available at https://simpleaf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ and tutorials for simpleaf that have been developed can be accessed at https://combine-lab.github.io/alevin-fry-tutorials.
Spectral triples and finite summability on Cuntz-Krieger algebras
Creators: name: Goffeng, Magnus
name: Mesland, Bram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We produce a variety of odd bounded Fredholm modules and odd spectral triples on Cuntz-Krieger algebras by means of realizing these algebras as "the algebra of functions on a non-commutative space" coming from a sub shift of finite type. We show that any odd $K$-homology class can be represented by such an odd bounded Fredholm module or odd spectral triple. The odd bounded Fredholm modules that are constructed are finitely summable. The spectral triples are $θ$-summable although their bounded transform, when constructed using the sign-function, will already on the level of analytic $K$-cycles be finitely summable bounded Fredholm modules. Using the unbounded Kasparov product, we exhibit a family of generalized spectral triples, possessing mildly unbounded commutators, whilst still giving well defined $K$-homology classes.
description: 67 pages, minor changes in Section 5.1 and 6.1
Stimulated magnon scattering by non-degenerate parametric excitation
Creators: name: Kim, Joo-Von
name: Merbouche, Hugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Parametric spin wave excitation allows studying a variety of nonlinear phenomena, such as magnon scattering. In patterned micro- and nanostructures the magnon spectra is discrete and translational symmetry is broken, which means allowable scattering channels differ from those in continuous films. An example is non-degenerate scattering by which high-power transverse field pumping creates two magnons with distinct frequencies around half the pumping frequency. Through micromagnetics simulations, we show under certain conditions that combining two pumping frequencies generates new magnon modes through a process of stimulated magnon scattering. Such processes are found to depend on the film geometry and sequence of the pumping fields.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Dissertatio Juridica Quaestiones Quasdam De Traditione Symbolica delibans; 1713
Creators: name: Scherz, Johann Georg
name: Ferrier, Jean Pierre
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2008

description: Straßburg, Univ., Diss., 1713
Cosmological simulations in MOND: the cluster scale halo mass function with light sterile neutrinos
Creators: name: Angus, Garry W.
name: Diaferio, Antonaldo
name: Famaey, Benoit
name: van der Heyden, Kurt J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use our Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) cosmological particle-mesh N-body code to investigate the feasibility of structure formation in a framework involving MOND and light sterile neutrinos in the mass range 11 - 300 eV: always assuming that Ω_{ν_s}=0.225 for H_o=72 \kms Mpc^{-1}. We run a suite of simulations with variants on the expansion history, cosmological variation of the MOND acceleration constant, different normalisations of the power spectrum of the initial perturbations and interpolating functions. Using various box sizes, but typically with ones of length 256 Mpc/h, we compare our simulated halo mass functions with observed cluster mass functions and show that (i) the sterile neutrino mass must be larger than 30 eV to account for the low mass (M_{200}<10^{14.6} solar masses) clusters of galaxies in MOND and (ii) regardless of sterile neutrino mass or any of the variations we mentioned above, it is not possible to form the correct number of high mass (M_{200}>10^{15.1} solar masses) clusters of galaxies: there is always a considerable over production. This means that the ansatz of considering the weak-field limit of MOND together with a component of light sterile neutrinos to form structure from z ~ 200 fails. If MOND is the correct description of weak-field gravitational dynamics, it could mean that subtle effects of the additional fields in covariant theories of MOND render the ansatz inaccurate, or that the gravity generated by light sterile neutrinos (or by similar hot dark matter particles) is different from that generated by the baryons.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Biases in Southern Hemisphere climate trends induced by coarsely specifying the temporal resolution of stratospheric ozone
Creators: name: Neely III, R. R.
name: Marsh, D. R.
name: Smith, Karen L.
name: Davis, S. M.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Atmospheric ozone
Atmospheric chemistry
Southern Hemisphere
Ozone layer
Climatic changes--Simulation methods
Climatic changes--Forecasting
Ozone layer depletion
Atmosphere
Meteorology
Climatic changes

description: Global climate models that do not include interactive middle atmosphere chemistry, such as most of those contributing to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5, typically specify stratospheric ozone using monthly mean, zonal mean values and linearly interpolate to the time resolution of the model. We show that this method leads to significant biases in the simulated climate of the southern hemisphere (SH) over the late twentieth century. Previous studies have attributed similar biases in simulated SH climate change to the effect of the spatial smoothing of the specified ozone, i.e., to using zonal mean concentrations. We here show that the bias in climate trends due to undersampling of the rapid temporal changes in ozone during the seasonal evolution of the Antarctic ozone hole is considerable and reaches all the way into the troposphere. Our results suggest that the bias can be substantially reduced by specifying daily ozone concentrations.
Separating the stratospheric and tropospheric pathways of El Niño–Southern Oscillation teleconnections
Creators: name: Butler, Amy H.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
name: Deser, Claira
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Tropospheric circulation
Winter
Air masses
Atmospheric circulation
Stratospheric circulation
Atmosphere
Meteorology
Climatic changes
Atmosphere, Upper

description: The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major driver of Northern Hemisphere wintertime variability and, generally, the key ingredient used in seasonal forecasts of wintertime surface climate. Modeling studies have recently suggested that ENSO teleconnections might involve both a tropospheric pathway and a stratospheric one. Here, using reanalysis data, we carefully distinguish between the two. We first note that the temperature and circulation anomalies associated with the tropospheric pathway are nearly equal and opposite during the warm (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) phases of ENSO, whereas those associated with the stratospheric pathway are of the same sign, irrespective of the ENSO phase. We then exploit this fact to isolate the two pathways. Our decomposition reveals that ENSOs climate impacts over North America are largely associated with the tropospheric pathway, whereas ENSOs climate impacts over the North Atlantic and Eurasia are greatly affected by the stratospheric pathway. The stratospheric pathway, which we here define on the basis of the occurrence of one or more sudden stratospheric warmings in a given winter, and whose signature projects very strongly on the North Atlantic Oscillation, is found to be present 60% of the time during ENSO winters (of either phase): it therefore likely plays an important role in improving seasonal forecasts, notably over the North Atlantic and the Eurasian continent.
Receivers for the Black Hole Explorer (BHEX) Mission
Creators: name: Tong, C. Edward
name: Akiyama, Kazunori
name: Grimes, Paul
name: Honma, Mareki
name: Houston, Janice
name: Johnson, Michael D.
name: Marrone, Daniel P.
name: Rana, Hannah
name: Uzawa, Yoshinori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we introduce the receiver architecture for the Black Hole Explorer (BHEX) Mission, designed to reveal the photon ring of black holes. The primary instrument is a dual-polarization receiver operating over the 240-320 GHz frequency range, utilizing a Superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor (SIS) mixer. This Double-Side-Band (DSB) receiver has an intermediate frequency (IF) range of 4-12 GHz and operates at a bath temperature of 4.5 K, for optimal performance, which necessitates the integration of a cryocooler. Complementing the primary receiver is a secondary unit covering the 80-106 GHz spectrum, featuring a cryogenic low noise amplifier. This secondary receiver, affixed to the 20 K stage of the cryocooler, serves to augment the SIS receiver performance by employing the Frequency Phase Transfer technique to boost the signal-to-noise ratio at the correlator output. Together, this sophisticated receiver duo is engineered to achieve the quantum-limited sensitivity required to detect the photon ring of black holes, marking a breakthrough in astrophysical observation.
description: To be presented at the SPIE Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2024: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Waves, June 2024, Yokohama, Japan
Solenodontidae Gill 1872
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Insectivora
Solenodontidae

description: Family Solenodontidae REVIEWED BY: G. S. Morgan (GSM); R. G. Van Gelder (RGVG); C. A. Woods (CAW). ISIS NUMBER: 5301403001000000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Insectivora, pp. 58-106 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353001
ViDSOD-100: A New Dataset and a Baseline Model for RGB-D Video Salient Object Detection
Creators: name: Lin, Junhao
name: Zhu, Lei
name: Shen, Jiaxing
name: Fu, Huazhu
name: Zhang, Qing
name: Wang, Liansheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the rapid development of depth sensor, more and more RGB-D videos could be obtained. Identifying the foreground in RGB-D videos is a fundamental and important task. However, the existing salient object detection (SOD) works only focus on either static RGB-D images or RGB videos, ignoring the collaborating of RGB-D and video information. In this paper, we first collect a new annotated RGB-D video SOD (ViDSOD-100) dataset, which contains 100 videos within a total of 9,362 frames, acquired from diverse natural scenes. All the frames in each video are manually annotated to a high-quality saliency annotation. Moreover, we propose a new baseline model, named attentive triple-fusion network (ATF-Net), for RGB-D video salient object detection. Our method aggregates the appearance information from an input RGB image, spatio-temporal information from an estimated motion map, and the geometry information from the depth map by devising three modality-specific branches and a multi-modality integration branch. The modality-specific branches extract the representation of different inputs, while the multi-modality integration branch combines the multi-level modality-specific features by introducing the encoder feature aggregation (MEA) modules and decoder feature aggregation (MDA) modules. The experimental findings conducted on both our newly introduced ViDSOD-100 dataset and the well-established DAVSOD dataset highlight the superior performance of the proposed ATF-Net. This performance enhancement is demonstrated both quantitatively and qualitatively, surpassing the capabilities of current state-of-the-art techniques across various domains, including RGB-D saliency detection, video saliency detection, and video object segmentation. Our data and our code are available at github.com/jhl-Det/RGBD_Video_SOD.
Drivers of the Recent Tropical Expansion in the Southern Hemisphere: Changing SSTs or Ozone Depletion?
Creators: name: Waugh, Darryn W.
name: Garfinkel, Chaim I.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Atmospheric chemistry--Environmental aspects
Ocean temperature
Climatic changes
Stratosphere
Ozone layer depletion
Atmospheric ozone
Fluid dynamics
Atmosphere
Meteorology

description: Observational evidence indicates that the southern edge of the Hadley cell (HC) has shifted southward during austral summer in recent decades. However, there is no consensus on the cause of this shift, with several studies reaching opposite conclusions as to the relative role of changes in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and stratospheric ozone depletion in causing this shift. Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis of the extant literature on this subject and quantitatively compare the results of all published studies that have used single-forcing model integrations to isolate the role of different factors on the HC expansion during austral summer. It is shown that the weight of the evidence clearly points to stratospheric ozone depletion as the dominant driver of the tropical summertime expansion over the period in which an ozone hole was formed (1979 to late 1990s), although SST trends have contributed to trends since then. Studies that have claimed SSTs as the major driver of tropical expansion since 1979 have used prescribed ozone fields that underrepresent the observed Antarctic ozone depletion.
Low Mach Asymptotic Preserving Scheme for the Euler-Korteweg Model
Creators: name: Giesselmann, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present an all speed scheme for the Euler-Korteweg model. We study a semi-implicit time-discretisation which treats the terms, which are stiff for low Mach numbers, implicitly and thereby avoids a dependence of the timestep restriction on the Mach number. Based on this we present a fully discrete finite difference scheme. In particular, the scheme is asymptotic preserving, i.e., it converges to a stable discretisation of the incompressible limit of the Euler-Korteweg model when the Mach number tends to zero.
Uniformly finite homology and amenable groups
Creators: name: Blank, Matthias
name: Diana, Francesca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20J05, 43A07

description: Uniformly finite homology is a coarse invariant for metric spaces; in particular, it is a quasi-isometry invariant for finitely generated groups. In this article, we study uniformly finite homology of finitely generated amenable groups and prove that it is infinite dimensional in many cases. The main idea is to use different transfer maps to distinguish between classes in uniformly finite homology. Furthermore we show that there are infinitely many classes in degree zero that cannot be detected by means.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures
Solenodon Brandt 1833
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Insectivora
Solenodontidae
Solenodon

description: Solenodon Brandt, 1833. Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci., St. Petersbourg, ser. 6, Sci. Math. Phys. Nat., 2:459. COMMENT: Includes Atopogale; see Varona, 1974:6. ISIS NUMBER: 5301403001001000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Insectivora, pp. 58-106 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353001
description: {"references": ["Varona, L. S. 1974. Catalogo de los mamiferos vivientes y extinguidos de las Antillas. Instituto de Zoologia, Academia de Ciencias de Cuba (Havana), 139 pp."]}
Elliptic Flow in Heavy-Ion Collisions at Energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 2.7--39 GeV
Creators: name: Ivanov, Yu. B.
name: Soldatov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transverse-momentum integrated elliptic flow of charged particles at midrapidity, $v_2$(charged), and that of identified hadrons from Au+Au collisions are computed in a wide range of incident energies 2.7 GeV $\le \sqrt{s_{NN}}\le$ 39 GeV. The simulations are performed within a three-fluid model employing three different equations of state (EoS's): a purely hadronic EoS and two versions of the EoS involving the deconfinement transition---a first-order phase transition and a smooth crossover one. The present simulations demonstrate low sensitivity of $v_2$(charged) to the EoS. All considered scenarios equally well reproduce recent STAR data on $v_2$(charged) for mid-central Au+Au collisions and properly describe its change of sign at the incident energy decrease below $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\approx$ 3.5 GeV. The predicted integrated elliptic flow of various species exhibits a stronger dependence on the EoS. A noticeable sensitivity to the EoS is found for anti-baryons and, to a lesser extent, for $K^-$ mesons. In particular, the $v_2$ excitation functions of anti-baryons exhibit a non-monotonicity within the deconfinement scenarios that was predicted by Kolb, Sollfrank and Heinz. However, low multiplicities of anti-baryons at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\leq$ 10 GeV result in large fluctuations of their $v_2$ which may wash out this non-monotonicity.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. Version published in Phys. Rev. C
SARS-CoV-2 drug discovery based on intrinsically disordered regions
Creators: name: Anish Mudide
name: Alterovitz, Gil
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2020

description: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a close relative of SARS-CoV-1, causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which, at the time of writing, has spread to over 65.8 million people worldwide. We aim to discover drugs capable of inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 through interaction modeling and statistical methods. Currently, many drug discovery approaches follow the typical protein structure-function paradigm, designing drugs to bind to fixed three-dimensional structures. However, in recent years such approaches have failed to address drug resistance and limit the set of possible drug targets and candidates. For these reasons we instead focus on targeting protein regions that lack a stable structure, known as intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). Such regions are essential to numerous biological pathways that contribute to the virulence of various viruses. In this work, we discover eleven new SARS-CoV-2 drug candidates targeting IDRs and provide further evidence for the involvement of IDRs in viral processes such as enzymatic peptide cleavage while demonstrating the efficacy of our unique docking approach.
Influence of projected Arctic sea ice loss on polar stratospheric ozone and circulation in spring
Creators: name: Sun, Lantao
name: Deser, Clara
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
name: Tomas, Robert
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Stratospheric circulation
Sea ice--Environmental aspects
Stratosphere
Ozone layer depletion
Atmospheric ozone
Ocean-atmosphere interaction
Atmosphere
Meteorology
Climatic changes
Atmospheric chemistry

description: The impact of projected Arctic sea ice loss on the stratosphere is investigated using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM), a state-of-the-art coupled chemistry climate model. Two 91-year simulations are conducted: one with a repeating seasonal cycle of Arctic sea ice for the late twentieth-century, taken from the fully coupled WACCM historical run; the other with Arctic sea ice for the late twenty-first century, obtained from the fully coupled WACCM RCP8.5 run. In response to Arctic sea ice loss, polar cap stratospheric ozone decreases by 13 DU (34 DU at the North Pole) in spring, confirming the results of Scinocca et al (2009 Geophys. Res. Lett. 36 L24701). The ozone loss is dynamically initiated in March by a suppression of upward-propagating planetary waves, possibly related to the destructive interference between the forced wave number 1 and its climatology. The diminished upward wave propagation, in turn, weakens the Brewer–Dobson circulation at high latitudes, strengthens the polar vortex, and cools the polar stratosphere. The ozone reduction persists until the polar vortex breaks down in late spring.
Hermitian Young Operators
Creators: name: Keppeler, Stefan
name: Sjodahl, Malin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Starting from conventional Young operators we construct Hermitian operators which project orthogonally onto irreducible representations of the (special) unitary group.
description: 15 pages
Solenodon cubanus Peters 1861
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Insectivora
Solenodontidae
Solenodon
Solenodon cubanus

description: Solenodon cubanus Peters, 1861. Monatsb. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 169. TYPE LOCALITY: Cuba, Oriente Prov., Bayamo. DISTRIBUTION: Oriente Prov. (Cuba). COMMENT: Sometimes placed in a distinct genus (Atopogale); see Hall and Kelson, 1959:22; Hall, 1981:22. PROTECTED STATUS: U.S. ESA - Endangered as Atopogale cubana. ISIS NUMBER: 5301403001001001001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Insectivora, pp. 58-106 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353001
description: {"references": ["Hall, E. R., and K. R. Kelson. 1959. The mammals of North America. Ronald Press Co., New York, 1: 1 - 546; 2: 547 - 1083 + 79.", "Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90."]}
in-silico Evaluation of dietary fish fatty acids as potential atheroprotective therapeutics
Creators: name: Rahagir Salekeen
name: Mou, Sadia Noor
name: Islam, Kazi Mohammed Didarul
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2020

description: Fish lipid supplements have long been used for their cardioprotective roles, but the molecular mechanisms involved in their activities have not been elucidated. Here we have considered 32 dietary fish lipids and through standard virtual screening methods evaluated their potentials in addressing atherosclerosis and cardio vascular diseases by multiple pathway interactions. Metabolic network simulations suggest the studied lipids to have a pathway relation index of 0.44±0.02 to key atherosclerosis associated pathways. In-silico ADMET simulations reveal all the candidate lipids to have optimum bioavailability scores (0.56±0.13) and 26 compounds had no predicted toxicity outcomes. (LD50 = 2500±660mg/kg) Molecular docking, dynamics and mechanics reveal nervonic acid and docosapentaenoic acid to be the best modulators of four different pathway regulating enzymes – cyclooxygenase 2, thromboxane a2 synthase, angiotensin converting enzyme I and L-type Ca2+ channel protein. The findings of this study provide a molecular and structural foundation for atheroprotective potentials of dietary fish lipids as well as screens for the two best candidates to be used as single compound regulators of atherosclerotic pathways.
The surface impacts of Arctic stratospheric ozone anomalies
Creators: name: Smith, Karen L.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Tropospheric circulation
Stratosphere
Ozone layer depletion
Atmospheric ozone
Stratospheric circulation
Atmosphere
Meteorology
Climatic changes
Atmospheric chemistry

description: In the Arctic stratosphere, total column ozone in the spring can vary, from year to year, by as much as 30%. This large interannual variability, however, is absent from many present-generation climate models, in which the prescribed seasonal cycle of stratospheric ozone includes, at best, smooth multi-decadal trends. We here investigate the extent to which interannual variability in Arctic stratospheric ozone is able to affect the surface climate of the Northern Hemisphere extratropics. We do this by contrasting pairs of model integrations with positive and negative springtime ozone anomalies, using a simple yet widely used climate model. For ozone anomaly amplitudes somewhat larger than the recent observed variability, we find a significant influence on the tropospheric circulation, and the surface temperatures and precipitation patterns. More interestingly, these impacts have very clear regional patterns—they are largest over the North Atlantic sector—even though the prescribed ozone anomalies are zonally symmetric. However, confirming other studies, for ozone anomaly amplitudes within the observed range of the last three decades, our model experiments do not show statistically significant impacts at the surface.