Philomontanus Bozorgi, Seiedy, Malek, Aira, Pérez-Losada & Domínguez, 2019, gen.nov.
Creators: name: Bozorgi, Farnaz
name: Seiedy, Marjan
name: Malek, Masoumeh
name: Aira, Manuel
name: Pérez-Losada, Marcos
name: Domínguez, Jorge
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Crassiclitellata
Lumbricidae
Philomontanus

description: Genus Philomontanus gen.nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 95F2ACE7-5D0E-4691-BFD5-A455D85214BB
Diagnosis: Setae widely distant. Pigmentation variable, red-violet or totally pale. Prostomium epi- or tanylobous. First dorsal pore around 7/8. Male pore on 15 very small, on setal line bc. Clitellum annular. Spermathecae, which are small and round shaped present, frequently empty in 9/10–10/11 and open in setal line cd. Tubercula pubertatis ribbon shape. Nephridiopores aligned in setal bc. Two pairs of testes and funnels in segments 10–11, not iridescent. Four pairs of seminal vesicles in 9–12, those in 11 and 12 are slightly smaller than others. Two pairs of small, roundly shaped and almost empty spermathecae in 9/10 and 10/11 and open in setae line cd. Calciferous glands in segments 11 with hardly recognizable diverticula. Excretory system holoic, nephridial bladders ocarina shape. Typhlosole simple lamelliform, the cross-section of longitudinal muscle layer is of pinnate type. Since the morphological characters above are not sufficient to pinpoint the taxonomic position of Philomontanus in the Lumbricidae, we have used phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences to determine its taxonomic position and closest relatives.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208904.t001
Type species: Philomontanus sarii sp. nov. by original designation herein.
Included species: Philomontanus sarii sp. nov., P. mahmoudi sp. nov. and P. baloutchi sp. nov.
Etymology. Philomontanus is composed of Philo (Greek prefix means liking for specified thing) and montanus (Latin noun means mountains). This name has been chosen as new genus and its three species have been found in mountains.
Remarks. The closest genus based on morphological evidence is Dendrobaena [44], but with distinguishable differences in pigmentation (reddish vs. both reddish and pale), size and number of body segments (small to medium sized species vs. larger range of size), shape of clitellum (saddle shape vs. annular shape) and shape of tubercles (different shapes observed; nob shape, ribbon shape and etc. vs. ribbon shape). However, according to morphological descriptions in several references, it is obvious that Dendrobaena is very heterogeneous [45 – 47], not monophyletic and needs taxonomic revision [7, 16]. The annular clitellum could relate Philomontanus to Eiseniona albolineata or to Bimastos, although our phylogenetic analyses showed otherwise. According to their morphological features and characteristics of the habitat where they were sampled, the Phylomontanus species could be considered epigeic earthworms.
Philomontanus sarii Bozorgi & Malek sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2F35B21F-9764- 4AFA-8EBB-75DDD54147FD. Figs 3 and 4
Etymology. The new species name was chosen to honor Dr. Alireza Sari, who has done extensive research on various aspects of Iranian fauna.
Sampling site. Oak (Quercus sp.) forest near mountain hillside, semi humid brown soil, covering in decaying plants and rotting logs on the forest floor. Plants present: Juniperus sp., Pistacia sp. and Acer sp. (Fig 5).
Type material. Holotype, ZUTC/ 6572, Abbasabad, Mazandaran, Elburz mountains, Iran (36˚36’29"N 51˚07’38"E). Leg. F. Bozorgi and A. Kazemi, 02.06.2014. Deposited in the earthworm collection of the Zoological Museum, University of Tehran. Paratypes, ZUTC/ 6573, 22 ex., Same locality and collection date as the Holotype. Leg. F. Bozorgi and A. Kazemi. Deposited in earthworm collection of Zoological Museum, University of Tehran.
Diagnosis. Body length 45–53 mm, diameter 2.8–3.1 mm. Color red-violet (Fig 3). Prostomium epilobous, first dorsal pore in 7/8. Setae widely distant, glandular tumescences visible in 9–11,ab. Clitellum annular, on segments 25–30. Male pores hardly seen on 15. Nephridiopores hardly seen between b and c. Septa visible and strengthened in 6/7,8/9 and 11/12. Calciferous glands in segment 11 with no diverticula. Excretory system holoic. Nephridial bladders ocarina shape. Typhlosole simple lamelliform, the cross-section of longitudinal muscle layer is of pinnate type.
Description. Length of the holotype 53 mm, diameter just after the clitellum 3.1 mm. Number of segments 114. Paratypes 43–53 mm long and 2.8–3.1 mm wide. Number of segments 101–114. Color preserved dorsal red violet pigmented, less dense of pigmentation ventrally (Fig 3). Prostomium epilobous. First dorsal pore in the intersegmental furrow 7/8. Setae widely distant. Setal formula at segment 20; aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 1.50:1.25:1.11:1:2.3. Male pores hardly seen, in very small size on the segment 15 between setae bc. Nephridiopores hardly seen aligned in setal line bc. Clitellum on 25–30 annular. Tubercula pubertatis ribbon shape on 25– 29. Glandular tumescences on segments 9–11 ab. Septa thickened in 6/7, 8/9 and 11/12. Two pairs of testes and funnels in segments 10–11, not iridescent. Four pairs of seminal vesicles in 9–12, those in 11 and 12 are slightly smaller than others. Two pairs of small, roundly shaped and almost empty spermathecae in 9/10 and 10/11 and open in setae line cd. Calciferous glands in11. Last pair of hearts in 11. Excretory system holonephridial. Nephridial bladders ocarinashaped with an intangible bump at the end. Crop in 15–16, gizzard in 17–18. Typhlosole simple lamelliform, quiet large. Longitudinal muscle layer of pinnate type.
Remarks. This new species is morphological similar to Dendrobaena byblica (Rosa, 1893), but with slight differences in size (22-42mm vs. 43-53mm), segment of clitellum (23/24-29 vs. 25–30), shape of tubercula pubertatis (verity shapes vs. ribbon shape) and position of tubercula pubertatis (25–27 vs. 25–29).
Philomontanus mahmoudi Bozorgi & Malek sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B3BF1AEB-D20C-43B5-84AB-E42C4C83125F. Figs 3 and 4
Etymology. The new species is named in memory of coauthor Masoumeh Malek’s father.
Sampling site: Walnut (Juglans regia) forest near mountain slope, semi humid soil with carious plants and gravel developed over slate. Plants present: Crataegus sp., Pistacia sp. and Quercus sp. (Fig 5).
Type material. Holotype, ZUTC/ 6574, Baneh, Kurdistan, Zagros Mountains, Iran (36˚ 02’15"N 45˚56’50"E). Leg. F. Bozorgi, 13.07.2015. Deposited in the earthworm collection of the Zoological Museum, University of Tehran. Paratypes, ZUTC/ 6575, 9 ex., Same locality and collection date as the Holotype. Leg. F. Bozorgi. Deposited in earthworm collection of Zoological Museum, University of Tehran.
Diagnosis. Body length 25–31 mm, diameter 2.1–2.5 mm. Color totally pale (Fig 3). Prostomium tanylobous, first dorsal pore in 7/8. Setae widely distant, glandular tumescences visible in 9–11,ab. Clitellum annular, on segments 24–29. Male pores hardly seen on 15, nephridiopores visible between b and c. Septa visible with no recognizable strengthened. Calciferous glands in segment 11 with slight diverticula. Excretory system holoic. Nephridial bladders ocarina shape. Typhlosole simple lamelliform, quiet large, the cross-section of longitudinal muscle layer is of pinnate type.
Description. Length of the holotype 27 mm, diameter just after the clitellum 2.4 mm. Number of segments 67. Paratypes 25–31 mm long and 2.1–2.5 mm wide. Number of segments 51– 70. Color totally pale without any pigmented parts all over the body (Fig 3). Prostomium tanylobous. First dorsal pore in the intersegmental furrow 7/8. Setae widely distant. Setal formula at segment 20; aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 1.20:1.12:1:1.05:1.5. Male pores hardly seen, in very small size facing ventral on the segment 15 between setae bc. Nephridiopores aligned in setal line bc. Clitellum on 24–29 annular. Tubercula pubertatis ribbon shape with more swelling in some individual on 25–28/29. Glandular tumescences on segments 9–11 ab. Septa seen but there were no recognizable difference for thickness between segments. Two pairs of testes and funnels in segments 10–11, not iridescent. Four pairs of seminal vesicles in 9–12, those in 11 and 12 are slightly smaller than others. Two pairs of small, roundly shaped and almost empty spermathecae in 9/10 and 10/11 and open in setae line cd. Calciferous glands in 11. Last pair of hearts in 11. Excretory system holonephridial. Nephridial bladders ocarina- shaped with little more elongation. Crop in 15–16 and gizzard in 17–18. Typhlosole simple lamelliform, quiet large. Longitudinal muscle layer of pinnate type.
Remarks. This new species has also morphological resemblance with P. sarii but differences in size (43–53mm vs. 25–31 mm), pigmentation (red violet vs. pale), position of clitellum (25– 30 vs. 24–29) and position of gizzard (17–18 vs. 16–17).
Philomontanus baloutchi Bozorgi & Malek sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 473B8329- 9E95-44CA-8A22-4CA20F4E2F2B. Figs 3 and 4
Etymology. The new species is named in memory of Dr. Mohammad Baloutch, who was a prominent zoology professor in Iran.
Sampling site: Walnut (Juglans regia) forest near mountain springs with cool slow flowing water, in the steep slope of valleys with permanent slow water, humid loam soil covered with carious plants. Plants present: Crataegus sp., Pistacia sp. and Quercus sp. (Fig5).
Type material. Holotype, ZUTC/ 6576, Kamyaran, Kurdistan, Zagros Mountains, Iran (35˚ 04’23"N 46˚35’50"E). Leg. F. Bozorgi, 23.07.2015. Deposited in the earthworm collection of the Zoological Museum, University of Tehran. Paratypes, ZUTC/ 6577, 5 ex., Same locality and collection date as the Holotype. Leg. F. Bozorgi. Deposited in earthworm collection of Zoological Museum, University of Tehran.
Diagnosis. Body length 57–68 mm, diameter 3.8–4.7 mm. Color red-violet (Fig 3). Prostomium epilobous, first dorsal pore in 7/8. Setae widely distant, glandular tumescences visible in 9–11, ab. Clitellum annular, on segments 24–30. Male pores hardly seen on segment 15, nephridiopores visible between b and c. Septa visible, strengthened in 7/8, 9/10 and 14/15. Calciferous glands in segment 11. Excretory system holoic. Nephridial bladders ocarina shape. Typhlosole simple lamelliform, large, the cross-section of longitudinal muscle layer is of pinnate type.
Description. Length of the holotype 67 mm, diameter just after the clitellum 4.2 mm. Number of segments 136. Paratypes 57–68 mm long and 3.8–4.7 mm wide. Number of segments 123–140. Red violet pigmented, less dense pigmentation ventrally especially on primary segments. (Fig 3). Prostomium epilobous. First dorsal pore in the intersegmental furrow 7/8. Setae widely distant. Setal formula at segment 20; aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 1.21:1.14:1:1.03:1.5. Male pores hardly seen, in very small size on the segment 15 between setae bc. Nephridiopores aligned in setal line bc. Clitellum on 24–30 annular. Tubercula pubertatis ribbon shape on 26– 29. Glandular tumescences on segments 9–11 ab. Septa visible, strengthened in 7/8, 9/10 and 14/15. Two pairs of testes and funnels in segments 10–11, not iridescent. Four pairs of seminal vesicles in 9–12, those in 11 and 12 are slightly smaller than others. Two pairs of small, roundly shaped and almost empty spermathecae in 9/10 and 10/11 and open in setae line cd. Calciferous glands in 11. Last pair of hearts in 11. Excretory system holonephridial. Nephridial bladders ocarina- shaped. Crop in 15–16. gizzard in 17–18. Typhlosole simple lamelliform, large. Longitudinal muscle layer of pinnate type.
Remarks. This new species also has some morphological similarity to D. byblica (Rosa, 1893), but with differences in size (22–42 mm vs. 57–68mm), position of clitellum (23/24-29 vs. 24–30), shape of tubercles (verity shapes vs. just ribbon shape) and position of tubercles (25–27 vs. 26–29). This new species differs from P. sarii in size (43-53mm vs. 57-68mm), position of clitellum (25–30 vs. 24–30) and position of tubercles (25–29 vs. 26–29). It also differs from P. mahmoudi in size (25–31 mm vs. 57–68mm), pigmentation (pale vs. red violet), position of clitellum (24–29 vs. 24–30), position of tubercles (25–28/29 vs. 26–29) and position of gizzard (16–17 vs. 17–18).
description: Published as part of Bozorgi, Farnaz, Seiedy, Marjan, Malek, Masoumeh, Aira, Manuel, Pérez-Losada, Marcos & Domínguez, Jorge, 2019, Multigene phylogeny reveals a new Iranian earthworm genus (Lumbricidae: Philomontanus) with three new species, pp. 1-16 in PLoS ONE (e 0208904) (e 0208904) 14 (1) on pages 6-12, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208904, http://zenodo.org/record/12630863