cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Learning from bright spots to enhance food security and to combat degradation of water and land resources
Creators: name: Penning De Vries, Fritz
name: Acquay, Herbert
name: Molden, David
name: Scherr, Sarah
name: Valentin, Christian
name: Cofie, Olufunke
name: Penning De Vries, Fritz
name: Acquay, Herbert
name: Molden, David
name: Scherr, Sarah
name: Valentin, Christian
name: Cofie, Olufunke
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Ecosystems
subject: Land degradation
subject: Food security
subject: Water management
subject: Land management

description: In Bossio, Deborah; Geheb, Kim (Eds.). Conserving land, protecting water. Wallingford, UK: CABI; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water & Food.
Relativistic compact stars in the Kuchowicz spacetime
Creators: name: Singh, K N
name: Rahaman, F
name: Pradhan, N
name: Pant, N
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an anisotropic charged analogue of Kuchowicz (1971) solution of the general relativistic field equations in curvature coordinates by using simple form of electric intensity $E$ and pressure anisotropy factor $Δ$ that involve charge parameter $K$ and anisotropy parameter $α$ respectively. Our solution is well behaved in all respects for all values of $X$ ( $X$ is related to the radius of the star ) lying in the range $0< X \le 0.6$, $α$ lying in the range $0 \le α\le 1.3$, $K$ lying in the range $0< K \le 1.75$ and Schwarzschild compactness parameter "$u$" lying in the range $0< u \le 0.338$. Since our solution is well behaved for a wide range of the parameters, we can model many different types of ultra-cold compact stars like quark stars and neutron stars. We present some models of super dense quark stars and neutron stars corresponding to $X=0.2,~α=0.2$ and $K=0.5$ for which $u_{max}=0.15$. By assuming surface density $ρ_b=4.6888\times 10^{14}~ g/cc$ the mass and radius are $0.955 M_\odot$ and $9.439 km$ respectively. For $ρ_b=2.7\times 10^{14}~ g/cc$ the mass and radius are $1.259 M_\odot$ and $12.439 km$ respectively and for $ρ_b=2\times 10^{14}~ g/cc$ the mass and radius are $1.463 M_\odot$ and $14.453 km$ respectively. It is also shown that inclusion of more electric charge and anisotropy enhances the static stable configuration under radial perturbations. The $M-R$ graph suggests that the maximum mass of the configuration depends on the surface density {\bf i.e. with the increase of surface density} the maximum mass and corresponding radius decrease. This may be because of existence of exotic matters at higher densities that soften the EoSs.
description: 18 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables. To appear in Ind. J. Phys
Broadband Impulsive Stimulated Raman Scattering based on a Chirped Detection
Creators: name: Batignani, Giovanni
name: Ferrante, Carino
name: Fumero, Giuseppe
name: Scopigno, Tullio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Impulsive Stimulated Raman Scattering vibrational oscillations, coherently stimulated by a femtosecond Raman pulse, are real time monitored and read out as intensity modulations in the transmission of a temporally delayed probe pulse. Critically, in order to retrieve broadband Raman spectra, a fine sampling of the time delays between the Raman and probe pulses is required, making conventional ISRS ineffective for probing irreversible phenomena and/or weak scatterers typically demanding long acquisition times, with signal to noise ratios that crucially depend on the pulse fluences and overlap stabilities. To overcome such limitations, here we introduce Chirped based Impulsive Stimulated Raman Scattering (CISRS) technique. Specifically, we show how introducing a chirp in the probe pulse can be exploited for recording the Raman information without scanning the Raman-probe pulse delay. Then we experimentally demonstrate with a few examples how to use the introduced scheme to measure Raman spectra.
The host galaxies of luminous quasars
Creators: name: Floyd, D. J. E.
name: Kukula, M. J.
name: Dunlop, J. S.
name: McLure, R. J.
name: Miller, L.
name: Percival, W. J.
name: Baum, S. A.
name: O'Dea, C. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of a deep HST/WFPC2 imaging study of 17 quasars at z~0.4, designed to determine the properties of their host galaxies. The sample consists of quasars with absolute magnitudes in the range -24>M_V>-28, allowing us to investigate host galaxy properties across a decade in quasar luminosity, but at a single redshift. We find that the hosts of all the RLQs, and all the RQQs with nuclear luminosities M_V
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 18 pages; 7 figures and 17 greyscale images are reproduced here at low quality due to space limitations. High-resolution figures are available from ftp://ftp.roe.ac.uk/pub/djef/preprints/floyd2004/
Comparative analyses of published cost effectiveness models highlight critical considerations which are useful to inform development of new models
Creators: name: T. A. Rautenberg
name: G. George
name: M. B. Bwana
name: M. S. Moosa
name: S. Pillay
name: S. M. McCluskey
name: I. Aturinda
name: K. Ard
name: W. Muyindike
name: P. Moodley
name: J. Brijkumar
name: B. A. Johnson
name: R. T. Gandhi
name: H. Sunpath
name: V. C. Marconi
name: M. J. Siedner
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Background: Comparative analyses of published cost effectiveness models provide useful insights into critical issues to inform the development of new cost effectiveness models in the same disease area. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe a comparative analysis of cost-effectiveness models and highlight the importance of such work in informing development of new models. This research uses genotypic antiretroviral resistance testing after first line treatment failure for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) as an example. Method: A literature search was performed, and published cost effectiveness models were selected according to predetermined eligibility criteria. A comprehensive comparative analysis was undertaken for all aspects of the models. Results: Five published models were compared, and several critical issues were identified for consideration when developing a new model. These include the comparator, time horizon and scope of the model. In addition, the composite effect of drug resistance prevalence, antiretroviral therapy efficacy, test performance and the proportion of patients switching to second-line ART potentially have a measurable effect on model results. When considering CD4 count and viral load, dichotomizing patients according to higher cost and lower quality of life (AIDS) versus lower cost and higher quality of life (non-AIDS) status will potentially capture differences between resistance testing and other strategies, which could be confirmed by cross-validation/convergent validation. A quality adjusted life year is an essential outcome which should be explicitly explored in probabilistic sensitivity analysis, where possible. Conclusions: Using an example of GART for HIV, this study demonstrates comparative analysis of previously published cost effectiveness models yields critical information which can be used to inform the structure and specifications of new models.
Harmonic potential as an effective limit of a discrete classical interaction
Creators: name: Segatto, Breno. R.
name: Azevedo, Julio S.
name: de Souza, Manoelito M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by improving the understanding of the quantum-to-classical transition we use a simple model of classical discrete interactions for studying the discrete-to-continuous transition in the classical harmonic oscillator. A parallel is traced with gravity for stressing the relevance of such discrete interaction models.
description: Typo corrections and 4 references added. To appear in J. of Physics A: Math. and Gen
Signatures of noncommutativity in bar detectors of gravitational waves
Creators: name: Gangopadhyay, Sunandan
name: Bhattacharyya, Sukanta
name: Saha, Anirban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The comparison between the noncommutative length scale $\sqrtθ$ and the length variation $δL=h L$, detected in the GW detectors indicate that there is a strong possibility to detect the noncommutative structure of space in the GW detector set up. We therefore explore how the response of a bar detector gets affected due to the presence of noncommutative structure of space keeping terms upto second order in the gravitational wave perturbation ($h$) in the Hamiltonian. Interestingly, the second order term in $h$ shows a transition between the ground state and one of the perturbed second excited states that was absent when the calculation was restricted only to first order in $h$.
description: This write up is based on a talk presented at the XI Bolyai-Gauss-Lobachevsky (BGL-2019) Conference on Non-Euclidean, Non-Commutative Geometry and Quantum Physics, held at the Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyiv from 19-24 May,2019 and is based on the work by the authors published in Class.Quant.Grav. 36 (2019) 055006 and contains some new results and observations
Platynaspis wittmeri
Creators: name: Poorani, J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Coccinellidae
Platynaspis
Platynaspis wittmeri

description: 11.­­ wittmeri (Bielawski,­1979)
Distribution: India (Sikkim; West Bengal); Bhutan.
description: Published as part of Poorani, J., 2023, A review of Platynaspini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian subcontinent, including description of a new genus from north-eastern India and Bangladesh, pp. 301-328 in Zootaxa 5256 (4) on page 325, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7755142
Theoretical Models for Producing Circularly Polarized Radiation in Extragalactic Radio Sources
Creators: name: Wardle, John F. C.
name: Homan, Daniel C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the production of circular polarization in compact radio sources both by the intrinsic mechanism and by Faraday conversion. We pay particular attention to the magnetic field structure, considering partially ordered fiel ds and Laing sheets, and distinguishing between uniform and unidirectional fields. (The latter can be constrained b y flux conservation arguments.) In most cases, Faraday conversion is the more important mechanism. Conversion opera tes on Stokes U, which can be generated by internal Faraday rotation, or by magnetic field fluctuations, which can therefore produce circular polarization even in a pure pair plasma. We also show that the spectrum of circular pola rization in an inhomogeneous jet can be quite different from that in a uniform source, being flat or even inverted.
description: To appear in the proceedings of "Circular Polarization of Relativistic Jet Sources", eds R. P. Fender and J.-P. Macquart, in Astrophysics and Space Science. 12 pgs, 0 figs
null Lupine als hochwertiger Eiweißlieferant in der gesunden Ernährung
Creators: name: Molina Mártir, Francia Yedid
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 570 Life science
subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Die Lupine ist eine günstige und nachhaltige Proteinquelle. Sie birgt aber ein hohes allergenes Potenzial und das Risiko für Kreuzreaktionen mit anderen Leguminosen. So stellt sich die Frage, ob durch Denaturierung ihrer Conglutine die Allergenität sinkt. Relevant sind vor allem Verfahren der Lebensmittelzubereitung und der Einfluss von Verdauungsenzymen. Die Modifikationen veränderten die Proteine stark, die Allergenität sank jedoch nicht. Diverse Sequenzhomologien mit anderen Leguminosen deuten auf hohe Wahrscheinlichkeiten für Kreuzreaktionen bei bestehenden Allergien hin.
Magnetic phase diagram of the triangular antiferromagnetic $Cs_2CuCl_{4-x}Br_x$ mixed system
Creators: name: van Well, Natalija
name: Zaharko, Oksana
name: Delley, Bernard
name: Skoulatos, Markos
name: Georgii, Robert
name: van Smaalen, Sander
name: Rüegg, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The novel magnetic phase diagram of the $Cs_2CuCl_{4-x}Br_x$ mixed system is established by means of single crystal neutron diffraction in the lowest temperature region and zero magnetic field. Two long-range ordered magnetic phases exist in this mixed system depending on the Cl/Br concentration. In the rich Cl concentration range, the ordered magnetic state occurs below the ordering temperature $T_N = 0.51(1)K$ for $Cs_2CuCl_3Br_1$ and at $Cs_2CuCl_{2.6}Br_{1.4}$ below $T_N = 0.24(2)K$. Magnetic order with a temperature-independent position $(0, 0.573(1), 0)$ below the ordering temperature $T_N = 0.63(1)K$ appears in the rich Br concentration for $Cs_2CuCl_{0.6}Br_{3.4}$. Between the rich Cl and rich Br concentration ranges (two magnetic phases), there is a range of x without magnetic order down to $50mK$. A suggestion about the magnetic exchange paths in the $bc$-layer for different regimes is presented, which can be controlled depending on the preferred Br-occupation in the [CuX4] tetrahedra. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the exchange coupling constants J, J^' for some ordered compositions of the mixed system $Cs_2CuCl_{4-x}Br_x$ indicate that these are not frustrated.
Theoretical analysis of spectral gain in a THz quantum cascade laser: prospects for gain at 1 THz
Creators: name: Lee, S. -C.
name: Wacker, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent Letter [Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 1015 (2003)], Williams et al. reported the development of a terahertz quantum cascade laser operating at 3.4 THz or 14.2 meV. We have calculated and analyzed the gain spectra of the quantum cascade structure described in their work, and in addition to gain at the reported lasing energy of ~= 14 meV, we have discovered substantial gain at a much lower energy of around 5 meV or just over 1 THz. This suggests an avenue for the development of a terahertz laser at this lower energy, or of a two-color terahertz laser.
description: in press APL, tentative publication date 29 Sep 2003
Living near the edge: A lower-bound on the phase transition of total variation minimization
Creators: name: Daei, Sajad
name: Haddadi, Farzan
name: Amini, Arash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work is about the total variation (TV) minimization which is used for recovering gradient-sparse signals from compressed measurements. Recent studies indicate that TV minimization exhibits a phase transition behavior from failure to success as the number of measurements increases. In fact, in large dimensions, TV minimization succeeds in recovering the gradient-sparse signal with high probability when the number of measurements exceeds a certain threshold; otherwise, it fails almost certainly. Obtaining a closed-form expression that approximates this threshold is a major challenge in this field and has not been appropriately addressed yet. In this work, we derive a tight lower-bound on this threshold in case of any random measurement matrix whose null space is distributed uniformly with respect to the Haar measure. In contrast to the conventional TV phase transition results that depend on the simple gradient-sparsity level, our bound is highly affected by generalized notions of gradient-sparsity. Our proposed bound is very close to the true phase transition of TV minimization confirmed by simulation results.
Detection of x-rays from galaxy groups associated with the gravitationally lensed systems PG 1115+080 and B1422+231
Creators: name: Grant, C. E.
name: Bautz, M. W.
name: Chartas, G.
name: Garmire, G. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational lenses that produce multiple images of background quasars can be an invaluable cosmological tool. Deriving cosmological parameters, however, requires modeling the potential of the lens itself. It has been estimated that up to a quarter of lensing galaxies are associated with a group or cluster which perturbs the gravitational potential. Detection of X-ray emission from the group or cluster can be used to better model the lens. We report on the first detection in X-rays of the group associated with the lensing system PG 1115+080 and the first X-ray image of the group associated with the system B1422+231. We find a temperature and rest-frame luminosity of 0.8 +/- 0.1 keV and 7 +/- 2 x 10^{42} ergs/s for PG 1115+080 and 1.0 +infty/-0.3 keV and 8 +/- 3 x 10^{42} ergs/s for B1422+231. We compare the spatial and spectral characteristics of the X-ray emission to the properties of the group galaxies, to lens models, and to the general properties of groups at lower redshift.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 17 pages, 5 figures. Minor changes to text
Comparative analyses of published cost effectiveness models highlight critical considerations which are useful to inform development of new models
Creators: name: TA Rautenberg
name: G George
name: MB Bwana
name: MS Moosa
name: S Pillay
name: SM McCluskey
name: I Aturinda
name: K Ard
name: W Muyindike
name: P Moodley
name: J Brijkumar
name: BA Johnson
name: RT Gandhi
name: H Sunpath
name: VC Marconi
name: MJ Siedner
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Background: Comparative analyses of published cost effectiveness models provide useful insights into critical issues to inform the development of new cost effectiveness models in the same disease area. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe a comparative analyses of cost-effectiveness models and highlight the importance of such work in informing development of new models. This research uses genotypic antiretroviral resistance testing after first line treatment failure for Human Immunodeficiency Virus as an example. Method: A literature search was performed, and published cost effectiveness models were selected according to predetermined eligibility criteria. A comprehensive comparative analysis was undertaken for all aspects of the models. Results: Five published models were compared, and several critical issues were identified for consideration when developing a new model. These include the comparator, time horizon and scope of the model. In addition, the composite effect of drug resistance prevalence, antiretroviral therapy efficacy, test performance and the proportion of patients switching to second-line ART potentially have a measurable effect on model results. When considering CD4 count and viral load, dichotomizing patients according to higher cost and lower quality of life (AIDS) versus lower cost and higher quality of life (non-AIDS) status will potentially capture differences between resistance testing and other strategies, which could be confirmed by cross-validation/convergent validation. Quality adjusted life years is an essential outcome which should be explicitly explored in probabilistic sensitivity analysis, where possible. Conclusion: Using an example of GART for HIV, this study demonstrates comparative analysis of previously published cost effectiveness models yields critical information which can be used to inform the structure and specifications of new models.
Gaia Parallax of Milky Way Globular Clusters -- A Solution of Mixture Model
Creators: name: Shao, Zhengyi
name: Li, Lu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have established a mixture model approach to derive the parallax of the Milky Way globular clusters. It avoids the problem of cluster membership determination and provides a completely independent astrometrical solution by purely using the parallax data. This method is validated with simulated clusters of \cite{2017MNRAS.467..412P}. We have resolved 120 real globular clusters by the mixture model using parallaxes of the second data release of \gaia. They construct the largest direct parallax sample up to now. In comparing with other direct parallax results based on cluster members, including 75 clusters of \cite{2018A&A...616A..12G}, our method presents its accuracy, especially for some particular clusters. A systematic offset of $-27.6\pm1.7$ $μ$as, together with a scatter of $22.8\pm1.3$ $μ$as is found in comparing with other indirect parallax measurements. They are consistent with the global value and the variation of the zero-point of current \gaia parallaxes. Distances of several specific nearby globular clusters are discussed while the closest ones can reach high precisions, even taking the systematic error into account.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, accepted by MNRAS
Coulomb three-body systems and charge transfer collisions in a configuration-space approach
Creators: name: Sultanov, Renat A.
name: Adhikari, Sadhan K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some low-energy three-body muon- and electron-transfer processes are considered within the Faddeev-Hahn formulation using two-, six-, and ten-state close-coupling approximation. We test our approach in bound-state problems for systems H$_2^+$ and ($μ^-$dd)$^+$ within six- and ten-state schemes, where $d$ is a deuteron and $μ$ a muon. We present results in the six-state model for muonium formation from hydrogen. We also present results for muon-transfer rates from muonic hydrogen isotopes to bare nuclei S$^{16}$ and Ar$^{18}$ in reasonable agreement with experiment. For these heavier targets a polarization potential is included and Coulomb potentials are treated exactly without approximation or cut off.
description: 3 pages, 1 ps figure, Parallel session talk at the 17th international conference in few-body physics, Duke university, 2003, to appear in Nuclear Physics A
Investigation of the Gamma-ray Spectrum of CTA 102 During the Exceptional Flaring State in 2016-2017
Creators: name: Sahakyan, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flat spectrum radio quasar CTA 102 entered an extended period of activity from 2016 to 2017 during which several strong $γ$-ray flares were observed. Using Fermi large area telescope data a detailed investigation of \gray spectra of CTA 102 during the flaring period is performed. In several periods the \gray spectrum is not consistent with a simple power-law, having a hard photon index with an index of $\sim(1.8-2.0)$ that shows a spectral cutoff around an observed photon energy of $\sim(9-16)$ GeV. The internal $γ$-ray absorption via photon-photon pair production on the broad-line-region-reflected photons cannot account for the observed cut-off/break even if the emitting region is very close to the central source. This cut-off/break is likely due to a similar intrinsic break in the energy distribution of emitting particles. The origin of the spectral break is investigated through the multiwavelength modeling of the spectral energy distribution, considering a different location for the emitting region. The observed X-ray and $γ$-ray data is modeled as inverse Compton scattering of synchrotron and/or external photons on the electron population that produce the radio-to-optical emission which allowed to constrain the power-law index and cut-off energy in the electron energy distribution. The obtained results are discussed in the context of a diffusive acceleration of electrons in the CTA 102 jet.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
The Spectra of T Dwarfs. II. Red Optical Data
Creators: name: Burgasser, Adam J.
name: Kirkpatrick, J. Davy
name: Liebert, James
name: Burrows, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 6300--10100 Å spectra for a sample of 13 T dwarfs observed using LRIS mounted on the Keck I 10m Telescope. A variety of features are identified and analyzed, including pressure-broadened K I and Na I doublets; narrow Cs I and Rb I lines; weak CaH, CrH, and FeH bands; strong H$_2$O absorption; and a possible weak CH$_4$ band. H$α$ emission is detected in three of the T dwarfs, strong in the previously reported active T dwarf 2MASS 1237+6526 and weak in SDSS 1254$-$0122 and 2MASS 1047+2124. None of the T dwarfs exhibit Li I absorption. Guided by the evolution of optical spectral features with near-infrared spectral type, we derive a parallel optical classification scheme, focusing on spectral types T5 to T8, anchored to select spectral standards. We find general agreement between optical and near-infrared types for nearly all of the T dwarfs so far observed, including two earlier-type T dwarfs, within our classification uncertainties ($\sim$1 subtype). These results suggest that competing gravity and temperature effects compensate for each other over the 0.6--2.5 $\micron$ spectral region. We identify one possible means of disentangling these effects by comparing the strength of the K I red wing to the 9250 Å H$_2$O band. One of our objects, 2MASS 0937+2931, exhibits a peculiar spectrum, with a substantial red slope and relatively strong FeH absorption, both consequences of a metal-deficient atmosphere. Based on its near-infrared properties and substantial space motion, this object may be a thick disk or halo brown dwarf.
description: 22 pages including 9 figures, accepted to ApJ v594 Sept. 2003
Prediction of C7N6 and C9N4: Stable and strong porous carbon-nitride nanosheets with attractive electronic and optical properties
Creators: name: Mortazavi, Bohayra
name: Shahrokhi, Masoud
name: Shapeev, Alexander V
name: Rabczuk, Timon
name: Zhuang, Xiaoying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, three novel porous carbon-nitride nanosheets with C7N6, C9N4 and C10N3 stoichiometries are predicted. First-principles simulations were accordingly employed to evaluate stability and explore the mechanical, electronic and optical properties. Phonon dispersions confirm the dynamical stability of all predicted nanosheets. Nonetheless, ab-initio molecular dynamics results indicate that only C7N6 and C9N4 are thermally stable. C7N6, C9N4 and C10N3 nanosheets were predicted to exhibit high elastic modulus of 212, 202 and 208 N/m and maximum tensile strengths of 14.1, 22.4 and 15.8 N/m, respectively. C7N6 monolayer was confirmed to be a direct band-gap semiconductor, with a 2.25 eV gap according to the HSE06 method estimation. Interestingly, C9N4 and C10N3 monolayers show metallic character. The first absorption peaks of optical spectra reveal that C7N6 nanosheet can absorb the visible light, whereas C9N4 and C10N3 monolayers can absorb the Infrared range of light. Moreover, the absorption coefficient and optical conductivity of predicted nanosheets in the visible range of light are larger than those of the graphene. The results provided by this study confirm the stability and highlight very promising properties of C7N6 and C9N4 nanosheets, which may serve as promising candidates for numerous advanced technologies.
Nutritional labelling in the face of health-taste choices
Creators: name: Ruffieux, Bernard
name: Soler, Louis-Georges
name: Ruffieux, Bernard
name: Soler, Louis-Georges
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: In several countries, nutritional labelling is one of the tools being considered or already implemented by public authorities to attempt to modify consumer behaviour in the face of the health impacts of imbalanced diets. The results summarised here attempt to identify the interests and limits of these labelling approaches and to assess the existing or potential effects both on the demand side (modification of consumer choices) and on food supply (modification of corporate strategies). Descriptive labelling would seem to have a more modest, diffuse and longer-term impact on consumers who prefer short-term taste properties to nutritional impacts. Prescriptive labelling identifying “nutritionally healthy” products and products “to be limited” could have a more pronounced impact by helping reorientate consumer behaviour. However, its impact on the supply side depends on the practical terms of implementation; there is a risk of seeing the emergence of balances between supply and demand in which the changes in the former are cancelled out by the latter, without any significant nutritional improvement.
Spin-1 gravitational waves and their natural sources
Creators: name: Canfora, F.
name: Vilasi, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-vacuum exact gravitational waves invariant for a non Abelian two-dimensional Lie algebra generated by two Killing fields whose commutator is of light type, are described. The polarization of these waves, already known from previous works, is related to the sources. Non vacuum exact gravitational waves admitting only one Killing field of light type are also discussed.
description: 10 pages, latex
A case study of bilayered spin-$1/2$ square lattice compound [VO(HCOO)$_2\cdot$(H$_2$O)]
Creators: name: Guchhait, S.
name: Arjun, U.
name: Anjana, P. K.
name: Sahoo, M.
name: Thirumurugan, A.
name: Madhi, A.
name: Skourski, Y.
name: Koo, B.
name: Sichelschmidt, J.
name: Schmidt, B.
name: Baenitz, M.
name: Nath, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the synthesis and a detail investigation of structural and magnetic properties of polycrystalline [VO(HCOO)$_2\cdot$(H$_2$O)] by means of x-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, high-field magnetization, heat capacity, and electron spin resonance measurements. It crystallizes in a orthorhombic structure with space group $Pcca$. It features distorted VO$_6$ octahedra connected via HCOO linker (formate anions) forming a two-dimensional square lattice network with a bilayered structure. Analysis of magnetic susceptibility, high field magnetization, and heat capacity data in terms of the frustrated square lattice model unambiguously establish quasi-two-dimensional nature of the compound with nearest neighbour interaction $J_1/k_{\rm B} \simeq 11.7$~K and next-nearest-neighbour interaction $J_2/k_{\rm B} \simeq 0.02$~K. It undergoes a Néel antiferromagnetic ordering at $T_{\rm N} \simeq 1.1$~K. The ratio $θ_{\rm CW}/T_{\rm N} \simeq 10.9$ reflects excellent two-dimensionality of the spin-lattice in the compound. A strong in-plane anisotropy is inferred from the linear increase of $T_{\rm N}$ with magnetic field, consistent with the structural data.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Crop Diversity and Ecologization of the Common Agricultural Policy
Creators: name: Allaire, Gilles
name: Fuzeau, Virgile
name: Therond, Olivier
name: Allaire, Gilles
name: Fuzeau, Virgile
name: Therond, Olivier
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries

description: Various studies have shown the agro-economic and agro-ecological benefits of crop diversification. However, to take the best advantage of it, crop diversification should apply to a single plot year after year, but also on a higher area scale, to a given territory. Today, a minimum degree of diversification of farm cropping patterns is part of the good agricultural and environmental practices (GAP) which determine access to Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) aid. The CAP reform under discussion for the new programming period (2014-2020) includes a first “greening” pillar by making 30% of the aid given conditional on the implementation of environmental practices going beyond GAP. One of these measures concerns the diversification of farm cropping patterns. The current study explores the impact of the first Commission proposal, as well as of several variations. On the basis of the characteristics for 2009, analyses show that nearly a quarter of French farms would become non eligible. This result is improved when a territorial approach to crop diversity criteria is adopted, which could be an alternative to an individual approach (per farm), in the form of collective commitments.
Formation of Semi-relativisitc Jets from Magnetospheres of Accreting Neutron Stars: Injection of Hot Bubbles into a Magnetic Tower
Creators: name: Kato, Yoshiaki
name: Hayashi, Mitsuru
name: Matsumoto, Ryoji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of 2.5-dimensional resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the magnetic interaction between a weakly magnetized neutron star and its accretion disk. General relativistic effects are simulated by using the pseudo-Newtonian potential. We find that well-collimated jets traveling along the rotation axis of the disk are formed by the following mechanism: (1) The magnetic loops connecting the neutron star and the disk are twisted due to the differential rotation between the neutron star and the disk. (2) Twist injection from the disk initiates expansion of the loop. (3) The expanding magnetic loops create a magnetic tower in which accelerated disk material travel as collimated bipolar jets. The propagation speed of the working surface of the jet is the order of 10% of the speed of light ($\sim 0.1c$). (4) Magnetic reconnection taking place inside the expanding magnetic loops injects hot bubbles intermittently into the magnetic tower. The ejection speed of the bubble is the order of the local Alfvén speed of the launching point and $\sim 0.2c$ in our simulations. (5) The hot bubbles moving inside the tower catch up with the working surface of the jet. High energy electrons created by the magnetic reconnection are a plausible source of radio emission. Our model can explain the formation process of a narrow jet from a weakly magnetized ($|{\boldmath$B_{*}$}|\le 10^{9}$ gauss) neutron star and the correlation between radio flares of the core and of the lobe observed in Sco X-1.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, to appear in ApJ, uses emulateapj.cls and apjfonts.sty. A paper with high-resolution figures and movies available at http://www2.yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~ykato/research/
Trends in Infant Formula Rebate Contracts: Implications for the WIC Program
Creators: name: Oliveira, Victor
name: Frazao, Elizabeth
name: Smallwood, David
name: Oliveira, Victor
name: Frazao, Elizabeth
name: Smallwood, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women
subject: Infants
subject: and Children
subject: WIC
subject: infant formula
subject: rebate
subject: net price
subject: ERS
subject: USDA

description: The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is the major purchaser of infant formula in the United States. To reduce the cost of infant formula to WIC, Federal law requires that WIC State agencies operate a costcontainment system for the purchase of infant formula. Typically, WIC State agencies obtain substantial discounts in the form of rebates from the infant formula manufacturers for each can of formula purchased through the program. Contracts are awarded to the manufacturer offering the WIC State agency the lowest net price (as determined by the manufacturer’s wholesale price minus the rebate). A previous Economic Research Service study based on data through 2008 found that net prices were increasing, raising concern that this trend, if it continued, could constrain WIC’s ability to serve all eligible applicants in the future. This study, based on data through February 2013, allays that concern. Real net prices for contracts in effect in February 2013 decreased by an average 43 percent (or 23 cents per 26 fluid ounces of reconstituted formula) from the previous contracts. As a result, WIC paid $107 million less for infant formula over the course of a year, holding retail markup constant.
Fundamental Parameters of Massive Stars
Creators: name: Crowther, Paul A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the determination of fundamental parameters of `normal' hot, massive OB-type stars, namely temperatures, luminosities, masses, gravities and surface abundances. We also present methods used to derive properties of stellar winds -- mass-loss rates and wind velocities from early-type stars.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures, to appear in "Massive Stars: Formation, Evolution and Environment", eds. Heydari-Malayeri & Zahn (proceedings of 2002 Aussois summer school)
National Farmers Market Summit Proceedings Report
Creators: name: Tropp, Debra
name: Barham, James
name: Tropp, Debra
name: Barham, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: farmers market
subject: summit
subject: policy
subject: priorities

description: This item was a duplicate and was withdrawn. Full record and item are available at http://purl.umn.edu/148269
Psychology of Depression and Emotional Healing.
Creators: name: Dana, Azeem
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 170106 Health, Clinical and Counselling Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Applied Psychology
subject: Clinical Psychology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 170109 Personality, Abilities and Assessment
subject: 170110 Psychological Methodology, Design and Analysis
subject: 170111 Psychology of Religion

description: This article explains how depression and disease are the cause of stress. It also explains how overcoming stress by Hypnotherapy, CBT, Positive Psychology or Rajyoga can get us back to health.
Powers of Dehn twists generating right-angled Artin groups
Creators: name: Seo, Donggyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65

description: We give a bound for the exponents of powers of Dehn twists to generate a right-angled Artin group. Precisely, if $\mathcal{F}$ is a finite collection of pairwise distinct simple closed curves on a finite type surface and if $N$ denotes the maximum of the intersection numbers of all pairs of curves in $\mathcal{F}$, then we prove that $\{T_γ^n \,\vert\, γ\in \mathcal{F} \}$ generates a right-angled Artin group for all $n \geq N^2 + N + 3$. This extends a previous result of Koberda, who proved the existence of a bound possibly depending on the underlying hyperbolic structure of the surface. In the course of the proof, we obtain a universal bound depending only on the topological type of the surface in certain cases, which partially answers a question due to Koberda.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures
Rail’s Loss of Grain Transportation Market Share
Creators: name: Prater, Marvin
name: Sparger, Adam
name: Bahizi, Pierre
name: O'Neil, Daniel
name: Prater, Marvin
name: Sparger, Adam
name: Bahizi, Pierre
name: O'Neil, Daniel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: grain
subject: transportation
subject: rail
subject: market

description: The share of the grain and oilseed harvest moved by rail has been declining since 1980, when the Federal Motor Carrier Act and the Staggers Rail Act were passed. Large structural changes associated with these Acts affected the decline over the following two decades. Yet, even though the large structural changes had already taken place by 2000, the rail market share of grain and oilseed transportation continued to decline. A State-level statistical model for 21 of the top grain-producing States (which produce 86.6 percent of all grain and oilseeds) investigated the major factors responsible for the decrease in the rail market share of grain and oilseed transportation from 2001 to 2010. Although not every factor affecting the rail market share of grain and oilseed transportation could be captured, 10 statistically significant factors were identified. Of these factors, three were the most important: the growth of ethanol production, the growth of biodiesel production, and increases in animal feeding.
Effect of the surface curvature on the magnetic moment and persistent currents in two-dimensional quantum rings and dots
Creators: name: Bulaev, D. V.
name: Geyler, V. A.
name: Margulis, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of the surface curvature on the magnetic moment and persistent currents in two-dimensional (2D) quantum rings and dots is investigated. It is shown that the surface curvature decreases the spacing between neighboring maxima of de Haas -- van Alphen (dHvA) type oscillations of the magnetic moment of a ring and decreases the amplitude and period of Aharonov -- Bohm (AB) type oscillations. In the case of a quantum dot, the surface curvature reduces the level degeneracy at zero magnetic fields. This leads to a suppression of the magnetic moment at low magnetic fields. The relation between the persistent current and the magnetic moment is studied. We show that the surface curvature decreases the amplitude and the period of persistent current oscillations.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
Multidimensional Global Monopole and Nonsingular Cosmology
Creators: name: Bronnikov, Kirill A.
name: Meierovich, Boris E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a spherically symmetric global monopole in general relativity in $(D=d+2)$-dimensional spacetime. The monopole is shown to be asymptotically flat up to a solid angle defect in case $γ< d-1$, where $γ$ is a parameter characterizing the gravitational field strength. In the range $d-1< γ< 2d(d+1)/(d+2)$ the monopole space-time contains a cosmological horizon. Outside the horizon the metric corresponds to a cosmological model of Kantowski-Sachs type, where spatial sections have the topology ${\R\times §}^d$. In the important case when the horizon is far from the monopole core, the temporal evolution of the Kantowski-Sachs metric is described analytically. The Kantowski-Sachs space-time contains a subspace with a $(d+1)$-dimensional Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric, and its possible cosmological application is discussed. Some numerical estimations in case $d=3$ are made showing that this class of nonsingular cosmologies can be viable. Other results, generalizing those known in the 4-dimensional space-time, are derived, in particular, the existence of a large class of singular solutions with multiple zeros of the Higgs field magnitude.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Multi-waveband detection of quasi-periodic pulsations in a stellar flare on EK Draconis observed by XMM-Newton
Creators: name: Broomhall, A. -M.
name: Thomas, A. E. L.
name: Pugh, C. E.
name: Pye, J. P.
name: Rosen, S. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) are time variations in the energy emission during a flare that are observed on both the Sun and other stars and thus have the potential to link the physics of solar and stellar flares. Aims. To characterise the QPPs detected in an X-ray flare on the solar analogue, EK Draconis, which was observed by XMM-Newton. Methods. We use wavelet and autocorrelation techniques to identify the QPPs in a detrended version of the flare. We also fit a model to the flare based on an exponential decay combined with a decaying sinusoid. The flare is examined in multiple energy bands. Results. A statistically significant QPP is observed in the X-ray energy band of 0.2-12.0 keV with a periodicity of 76+/-2 min. When this energy band is split, a statistically significant QPP is observed in the low-energy band (0.2-1.0 keV) with a periodicity of 73+/-2 min and in the high-energy band (1.0-12.0 keV) with a periodicity of 82+/-2 min. When fitting a model to the time series the phases of the signals are also found to be significantly different in the two energy bands (with a difference of 1.8+/-0.2 rad) and the high-energy band is found to lead the low-energy band. Furthermore, the first peak in the cross-correlation between the detrended residuals of the low- and high-energy bands is offset from zero by more than 3σ (4.1+/-1.3 min). Both energy bands produce statistically significant regions in the wavelet spectrum, whose periods are consistent with those listed above. However, the peaks are broad in both the wavelet and global power spectra, with the wavelet showing evidence for a drift in period with time, and the difference in period obtained is not significant. etc...
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 19 pages, 17 figures
Psychology of Depression and Emotional Healing.
Creators: name: Dana, Azeem
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 170106 Health, Clinical and Counselling Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This article explains how depression and disease are the cause of stress. It also explains how overcoming stress by Hypnotherapy, CBT, Positive Psychology or Rajyoga can get us back to health.