cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Homologues of the homeotic and segment polarity genes are involved in the postnatal development of the cat visual system
Creators: name: Sabunciyan, Sarven Harutyun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis investigates the possible involvement of the homologues of the drosophila developmental genes in the postnatal development of the cat visual system. Initially, the cDNA's of homeotic genes PBX1, PBX2 and the homologues of the segment polarity genes BMP4, BMP6, BMP type II receptor, Wnt-1, and FrzB were partially cloned in the cat. We report that the mRNA expression of these genes is developmentally regulated in the postnatal cat visual cortex. To further substantiate our hypothesis that the homologues of the drosophila developmental genes contribute to the postnatal development of the cat visual cortex, the expression of the beta-catenin protein was characterized in the visual system of normally developing and deprived kittens. The beta-catenin protein, which is a downstream effector of the Wnt-1 signalling pathway, is capable of functioning both as a transcription factor and a cell adhesion molecule. Consistent with its characterized role as a transcription factor, the beta-catenin protein becomes nuclearized in L G N neurons at the end of the period for thalamocortical plasticity. Hence, one of the putative functions of the beta-catenin protein in postnatal visual development is proposed to be ending thalamocortical plasticity. The role of the beta-catenin protein in cellular adhesion is to anchor the cadherin cell adhesion molecules to the actin cytoskeleton. Interestingly, the beta-catenin/cadherin cell adhesion system in neurons is located at synapses. Fittingly, both the cadherin and the beta-catenin proteins are expressed in the neuropil of the geniculate and the visual cortex and this expression is prominent in layer IV of the visual cortex. In addition, the temporal expression of these proteins correlates with the critical period. Furthermore, neuropil expression of betacatenin and cadherin proteins is altered in the L G N in response to monocular deprivation. This finding suggest a role for these molecules in the competition occurring between X - and Y - cell arbours. In summary, beta-catenin appears to act as a multi-functional protein and contribute to different facets of postnatal visual development in the cat. These findings endorse our original hypothesis that the homologues of the drosophila developmental genes are involved in the development of the cat visual system.
Female Empowerment: Impact of a Commitment Savings Product in the Philippines
Creators: name: Karlan, Dean S.
name: Ashraf, Nava
name: Yin, Wesley
name: Karlan, Dean S.
name: Ashraf, Nava
name: Yin, Wesley
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: Female "empowerment" has increasingly become a policy goal, both as an end to itself and as a means to achieving other development goals. Microfinance in particular has often been argued, but not without controversy, to be a tool for empowering women. Here, using a randomized controlled trial, we examine whether access to an individually-held commitment savings product leads to an increase in female decision-making power within the household. We find positive impacts, particularly for women who have below median decision-making power in the baseline, and we find this leads to a shift towards female-oriented durables goods purchased in the household.
A Modified "Bottom-up" Thermalization in Heavy Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Mueller, A. H.
name: Shoshi, A. I.
name: Wong, S. M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the initial stage of the bottom-up picture of thermalization in heavy ion collisions, the gluon distribution is highly anisotropic which can give rise to plasma instability. This has not been taken account in the original paper. It is shown that in the presence of instability there are scaling solutions, which depend on one parameter, that match smoothly onto the late stage of bottom-up when thermalization takes place.
description: 8 pages and 1 embedded figure, talk presented at the Workshop on "Quark-Gluon Plasma Thermalization", Vienna, Austria, 10-12 August 2005
Additional file 2 of Biomethanation processes: new insights on the effect of a high H2 partial pressure on microbial communities
Creators: name: Nan, Lucia Braga
name: Trably, Eric
name: Santa-Catalina, Gaëlle
name: Bernet, Nicolas
name: Jean-Philippe Delgenès
name: Escudié, Renaud
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. The COD mass balance analysis of the reactors in MS Word document format.
Additional file 3 of Study protocol: pragmatic randomized control trial of my tools 4 care- in care (MT4C-in care) a web-based tool for family Carers of persons with dementia residing in long term care
Creators: name: Duggleby, Wendy
name: O’Rourke, Hannah
name: Swindle, Jennifer
name: Peacock, Shelley
name: McAiney, Carrie
name: Baxter, Pamela
name: Thompson, Genevieve
name: Dubé, Véronique
name: Nekolaichuk, Cheryl
name: Ghosh, Sunita
name: Jayna Holroyd-Leduc
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. My Tools 4 Care –In Care Checklist: Using this checklist participants will provide information on the use of My Tools 4 Care-In Care and evaluation of whether their knowledge was increased with use of the intervention.
Political Rents, Promotion Incentives, and Support for a Non-Democratic Regime
Creators: name: Lazarev, Valery
name: Lazarev, Valery
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: non-democratic regimes
subject: bureaucracy
subject: hierarchy
subject: political support
subject: promotion incentives
subject: implicit contract
subject: Soviet Union

description: This paper analyzes the economic foundations of a non-democratic political regime, where the ruling bureaucracy captures rents through collective control over state property and job assignment. The model developed here yields the equilibrium in the "political labor market," where the ruling bureaucracy buys services and political support of activists recruited from the working population. The underlying implicit contract requires that the incumbent bureaucrats retire after a certain time to allow for deferred promotion of activists into rent-paying positions. The major implications are that the stability of a non-democratic regime is consistent with high-income gap between the rulers and the rest of the population, strengthened when government pursues an active investment policy, and is not directly affected by public goods provision or the rate of economic growth. The results of econometric analysis of panel data from former Soviet states for the period of 1956-1968 confirm the predictions of the model.
M-theory FDA, Twisted Tori and Chevalley Cohomology
Creators: name: Fre', Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The FDA algebras emerging from twisted tori compactifications of M-theory with fluxes are discussed within the general classification scheme provided by Sullivan's theorems and by Chevalley cohomology. It is shown that the generalized Maurer Cartan equations which have appeared in the literature, in spite of their complicated appearance, once suitably decoded within cohomology, lead to trivial FDA.s, all new p--form generators being contractible when the 4--form flux is cohomologically trivial. Non trivial D=4 FDA.s can emerge from non trivial fluxes but only if the cohomology class of the flux satisfies an additional algebraic condition which appears not to be satisfied in general and has to be studied for each algebra separately. As an illustration an exhaustive study of Chevalley cohomology for the simplest class of SS algebras is presented but a general formalism is developed, based on the structure of a double elliptic complex, which, besides providing the presented results, makes possible the quick analysis of compactification on any other twisted torus.
description: LaTeX, 40 pages, article. Few typos corrected, one formula improved
What controls the [O III] 5007 line strength in AGN?
Creators: name: Baskin, Alexei
name: Laor, Ari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: AGN display an extreme range in the narrow emission line equivalent widths. Specifically, in the PG quasar sample the equivalent width of the narrow [O III] 5007 line has a range of >300, while the broad Hb line, for example, has a range of 10 only. The strength of [O III] 5007 is modulated by the covering factor, CF, of the narrow line region (NLR) gas, its density n_e, and ionization parameter U. To explore which of these factors produces the observed large range in [O III] 5007 strength, we measure the strength of the matching narrow Hb and [O III] 4363 lines, detected in 40 out of the 87 z<0.5 PG quasars in the Boroson & Green sample. The photoionization code CLOUDY is then used to infer CF, n_e, and U in each object, assuming a single uniform emitting zone. We find that the range of CF (~0.02-0.2) contributes about twice as much as the range in both n_e and U towards modulating the strength of the [O III] 5007 line. The CF is inversely correlated with luminosity, but it is not correlated with L_Edd as previously speculated. The single zone [O III] 5007 emitting region is rather compact, having R=40L_44^0.45 pc. These emission lines can also be fit with an extreme two zone model, where [O III] 4363 is mostly emitted by a dense (n_e=10^7) inner zone at R=L_44^0.5 pc, and [O III] 5007 by a low density (n_e=10^3) extended outer zone at R=750L_44^0.34 pc. Such an extended [O III] 5007 emission should be well resolved by HST imaging of luminous AGN. Further constraints on the radial gas distribution in the NLR can be obtained from the spectral shape of the IR continuum emitted by the associated dust.
description: A note was added in the proofs stage
Derat, Marie-Laure: Le domaine des rois éthiopiens (1270-1527)
Creators: name: Muth, Franz-Christoph
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 89 (2005): Oriens christianus, Band 89
The Eclipsing Binary V1061 Cygni: Confronting Stellar Evolution Models for Active and Inactive Solar-Type Stars
Creators: name: Torres, Guillermo
name: Lacy, Claud H. Sandberg
name: Marschall, Laurence A.
name: Sheets, Holly A.
name: Mader, Jeff A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) We present spectroscopic and photometric observations of the eclipsing system V1061 Cyg (P = 2.35 days). We show that it is a hierarchical triple in which the third star is visible in the spectra. We combine the radial velocities for the three stars, times of eclipse, and intermediate astrometric data from the HIPPARCOS mission (abscissa residuals) to establish the elements of the outer orbit (P = 15.8 yr) and accurate values for the masses and radii (1-2% errors) and the effective temperatures of the binary components. Both stars are rotating rapidly and have their rotation synchronized with the orbital motion. There are signs of activity including strong X-ray emission and possibly spots. Current stellar evolution models agree well with the properties of the primary, but show a very large discrepancy in the radius of the secondary: the predicted values are about 10% smaller than observed (a 5-sigma effect). Also, the temperature is cooler than predicted by some 200 K. These discrepancies are quite remarkable given that the star is only 7% less massive than the Sun, the calibration point of all stellar models. We identify the chromospheric activity as the likely cause of the effect. Inactive stars agree very well with the models, while active ones such as V1061 Cyg Ab appear systematically too large and too cool. Theory provides an understanding of this in terms of the strong magnetic fields commonly associated with stellar activity, which tend to inhibit convective heat transport.
description: 58 pages, including 11 tables and 16 figures. To appear in 01 April 2006 issue of the Astrophysical Journal
Renegotiation Without Holdup: Anticipating Spending and Infrastructure Concessions
Creators: name: Engel, Eduardo M.R.A.
name: Fischer, Ronald
name: Galetovic, Alexander
name: Engel, Eduardo M.R.A.
name: Fischer, Ronald
name: Galetovic, Alexander
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Infrastructure concessions are frequently renegotiated after investments are sunk, resulting in better contractual terms for the franchise holders. This paper offers a political economy explanation for renegotiations that occur with no apparent holdup. We argue that they are used by political incumbents to anticipate infrastructure spending and thereby increase the probability of winning an upcoming election. Contract renegotiations allow administrations to replicate the effects of issuing debt. Yet debt issues are incorporated in the budget, must be approved by Congress and are therefore subject to the opposition's review. By contrast, under current accounting standards the obligations created by renegotiations circumvent the budgetary process in most countries. Hence, renegotiations allow incumbents to spend more without being subject to Congressional oversight.
Flow boundary conditions for chain-end adsorbing polymer blends
Creators: name: Zhou, X.
name: Andrienko, D.
name: Site, L. Delle
name: Kremer, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the phenol-terminated polycarbonate blend as an example, we demonstrate that the hydrodynamic boundary conditions for a flow of an adsorbing polymer melt are extremely sensitive to the structure of the epitaxial layer. Under shear, the adsorbed parts (chain ends) of the polymer melt move along the equipotential lines of the surface potential whereas the adsorbed additives serve as the surface defects. In response to the increase of the number of the adsorbed additives the surface layer becomes thinner and solidifies. This results in a gradual transition from the slip to the no-slip boundary condition for the melt flow, with a non-monotonic dependence of the slip length on the surface concentration of the adsorbed ends.
Inelastic neutron scattering study of phonons and magnetic excitations in LaCoO$_{3}$
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Y.
name: Naing, Thant Sin
name: Suzuki, M.
name: Akimitsu, M.
name: Asai, K.
name: Yamada, K.
name: Akimitsu, J.
name: Manuel, P.
name: Tranquada, J. M.
name: Shirane, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the phonon and the magnetic excitations in LaCoO3 by inelastic neutron scattering measurements. The acoustic phonon dispersions show some characteristic features of the folded Brillouin zone (BZ) for the rhombohedrally distorted perovskite structure containing two chemical formula units of LaCoO3 in the unit cell. We observed two transverse optical (TO) phonon branches along (delta, delta, delta), consistent with previously reported Raman active Eg modes which show remarkable softening associated with the spin-state transition [Ishikawa et al., (Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 (2004) 136401.)]. We found that the softening takes place in the TO mode over the whole BZ. In contrast, the acoustic phonons show no anomalous softening associated with the spin-state transition. The low-energy paramagnetic scattering at 8 K is weak, increasing towards a maximum at E > 15 meV, consistent with excitation of the nonmagnetic low-spin to magnetic intermediate-spin state of Co 3+ ions.
description: 14 pages, 7 figure
Isolation of the Entomopathogenic Fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae from soil samples
Creators: name: Tahawi, Ahmed Al
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60505 Mycology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pathology
subject: 100202 Biological Control
subject: FOS: Environmental biotechnology

description: isolation of the Entomopathogenic Fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae from Sinai peninsula and was assessed against Tenebrio moliter larvae
Scalable evaluation of quantum-circuit error loss using Clifford sampling
Creators: name: Wang, Zhen
name: Chen, Yanzhu
name: Song, Zixuan
name: Qin, Dayue
name: Li, Hekang
name: Guo, Qiujiang
name: Wang, H.
name: Song, Chao
name: Li, Ying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A major challenge in developing quantum computing technologies is to accomplish high precision tasks by utilizing multiplex optimization approaches, on both the physical system and algorithm levels. Loss functions assessing the overall performance of quantum circuits can provide the foundation for many optimization techniques. In this paper, we use the quadratic error loss and the final-state fidelity loss to characterize quantum circuits. We find that the distribution of computation error is approximately Gaussian, which in turn justifies the quadratic error loss. It is shown that these loss functions can be efficiently evaluated in a scalable way by sampling from Clifford-dominated circuits. We demonstrate the results by numerically simulating ten-qubit noisy quantum circuits with various error models as well as executing four-qubit circuits with up to ten layers of two-qubit gates on a superconducting quantum processor. Our results pave the way towards the optimization-based quantum device and algorithm design in the intermediate-scale quantum regime.
description: 5+11 pages, 16 figures
Finiteness of the Hofer-Zehnder capacity of neighborhoods of symplectic submanifolds
Creators: name: Lu, Guangcun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D40; 37J45

description: We use the minimal coupling procedure of Sternberg and Weinstein and our pseudo-symplectic capacity theory to prove that every closed symplectic submanifold in any symplectic manifold has an open neighborhood with finite ($π_1$-sensitive) Hofer-Zehnder symplectic capacity. Consequently, the Weinstein conjecture holds near closed symplectic submanifolds in any symplectic manifold.
description: 33 pages
The Effect of Gravitational Recoil on Black Holes Forming in a Hierarchical Universe
Creators: name: Libeskind, N. I.
name: Cole, S.
name: Frenk, C. S.
name: Helly, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic bulges are known to harbour central black holes whose mass is tightly correlated with the stellar mass and velocity dispersion of the bulge. In a hierarchical universe, mergers of subgalactic units are accompanied by the amalgamation of bulges and the likely coalescence of galactocentric black holes. In these mergers, the beaming of gravitational radiation during the plunge phase of the black hole collision can impart a linear momentum kick or ``gravitational recoil'' to the remnant. If large enough, this kick will eject the remnant from the galaxy and populate intergalactic space with wandering black holes. Using a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation, we investigate the effect of black hole ejections on the scatter in the relation between black hole and bulge mass. We find that although not the dominant source of the measured scatter, they do make a significant contribution and may be used to set a constraint, v_kick<500 km/s, on the typical kick velocity, in agreement with values found from general relativistic calculations. Even for the more modest kick velocities implied by these calculations, we find that a substantial number of central black holes are ejected from the progenitors of present day galaxies, giving rise to a population of wandering intrahalo and intergalactic black holes whose distribution we investigate in high-resolution N-body simulations of Milk-Way mass halos. We find that intergalactic black holes make up only ~2-3% of the total galactic black hole mass but, within a halo, wandering black holes can contribute up to about half of the total black hole mass orbiting the central galaxy. Intrahalo black holes offer a natural explanation for the compact X-ray sources often seen near the centres of galaxies and for the hyperluminous non-central X-ray source in M82.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, Submitted to MNRAS
Additional file 2 of Impact of HIV-1 Vpr manipulation of the DNA repair enzyme UNG2 on B lymphocyte class switch recombination
Creators: name: Eldin, Patrick
name: Péron, Sophie
name: Galashevskaya, Anastasia
name: Denis-Lagache, Nicolas
name: Cogné, Michel
name: Slupphaug, Geir
name: Briant, Laurence
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2. Supplementary dataset 2. Original western blot including cropping and exposure strength strategies.
Supersymmetric solutions based on Y^{p,q} and L^{p,q,r}
Creators: name: Sfetsos, Konstadinos
name: Zoakos, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explicitly realize supersymmetric cones based on the five-dimensional Y^{p,q} and L^{p,q,r} Einstein--Sasaki spaces. We use them to construct supersymmetric type-IIB supergravity solutions representing a stack of D3- and D5-branes as warped products of the six-dimensional cones and R^{1,3}.
description: 14 pages,Latex; v2: clarifying comments
Profits and Politics: Coordinating Technology Adoption in Agriculture
Creators: name: Pande, Rohini
name: Pande, Rohini
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: industrialization
subject: choice of technology
subject: government policy

description: This paper examines the political economy of coordination in a simple two-sector model in which individuals' choice of agricultural technology affects industrialization. We demonstrate the existence of multiple equilibria; the economy is either characterized by the use of a traditional agricultural technology and a low level of industrialization or the use of a mechanized technology and a high level of industrialization. Relative to the traditional technology, the mechanized technology increases output but leaves some population groups worse off. We show that the distributional implications of choosing the mechanized technology restrict the possibility of Pareto-improving coordination by an elected policy-maker, even when we allow for income redistribution.
The Effects of Class Size on the Long Run Growth in Reading Abilities and Early Adult Outcomes in the Christchurch Health and Development Study
Creators: name: Boozer, Michael A.
name: Maloney, Tim
name: Boozer, Michael A.
name: Maloney, Tim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: school quality
subject: value-added model
subject: experimental evidence

description: This paper utilizes the feature of the CHDS data from New Zealand that children are sampled for extremely long individual histories of their class size experiences as well as their scholastic and early labor market outcomes. Our interest is to explore the full set of empirical implications of the recent experimental evidence on class size effects on student achievement from the United States in Project STAR for observational data. We argue that one implication of Project STAR is that only persistent class size reduction policies may have detectable effects, and so the longitudinal aspect of CHDS is necessary to detect class size effects. We account for the observational nature of the CHDS (in that children were not randomly assigned to different class sizes) by examining the long-run trends in test score growth, rather than levels. Consistent with the experimental evidence, we find statistically and economically significant effects of children being assigned to persistently smaller classes on both childhood test score growth as well as on early adult outcomes. Our analysis points the way towards the unification of experimental and observational evidence on class size effects, as well as highlighting several possible pitfalls in the analysis of observational data on this topic.
Additional file 1 of Study protocol: pragmatic randomized control trial of my tools 4 care- in care (MT4C-in care) a web-based tool for family Carers of persons with dementia residing in long term care
Creators: name: Duggleby, Wendy
name: O’Rourke, Hannah
name: Swindle, Jennifer
name: Peacock, Shelley
name: McAiney, Carrie
name: Baxter, Pamela
name: Thompson, Genevieve
name: Dubé, Véronique
name: Nekolaichuk, Cheryl
name: Ghosh, Sunita
name: Jayna Holroyd-Leduc
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT Checklist. Checklist for content in the protocol using the SPIRIT guidelines for reporting protocols.
High Throughput Oxide Lattice Engineering by Parallel Laser Molecular Beam Epitaxy and Concurrent X-ray Diffraction
Creators: name: Ohtani, M.
name: Lippmaa, M.
name: Ohnishi, T.
name: Kawasaki, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel laser molecular beam epitaxy (LMBE) system for the fabrication of atomically controlled oxides superlattices and an x-ray diffractometer that measures spatially-resolved x-ray diffraction spectra have been developed based on the concept of combinatorial methodology. The LMBE chamber has two moving masks, an automated target stage, a substrate heating laser, and an in-situ scanning reflection high-energy electron diffraction system. The x-ray diffractometer with a curved monochromator and two-dimensional detector is used for rapid concurrent x-ray diffraction intensity mapping with the two axes of the detector corresponding to the diffraction angle and a position in the sample.
description: 19pages, 9figures
Effects of mirror reflection versus diffusion anisotropy on particle acceleration in oblique shocks
Creators: name: Honda, Y. S.
name: Honda, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic ray particles are more rapidly accelerated in oblique shocks, with the magnetic field inclined with respect to the shock normal direction, than in parallel shocks, as a result of mirror reflection at the shock surface and slower diffusion in the shock normal direction. We investigate quantitatively how these effects contribute to reducing the acceleration time over the whole range of magnetic field inclinations. It is shown that, for quasi-perpendicular inclination, the mirror effect plays a remarkable role in reducing the acceleration time; whereas, at relatively small inclination, the anisotropic diffusion effect is dominant in reducing that time. These results are important for a detailed understanding of the mechanism of particle acceleration by an oblique shock in space and heliosphereic plasmas.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 2 of Study protocol: pragmatic randomized control trial of my tools 4 care- in care (MT4C-in care) a web-based tool for family Carers of persons with dementia residing in long term care
Creators: name: Duggleby, Wendy
name: O’Rourke, Hannah
name: Swindle, Jennifer
name: Peacock, Shelley
name: McAiney, Carrie
name: Baxter, Pamela
name: Thompson, Genevieve
name: Dubé, Véronique
name: Nekolaichuk, Cheryl
name: Ghosh, Sunita
name: Jayna Holroyd-Leduc
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Consent forms: The two consent forms used in this study.
The Introduction of Pharmaceutical Product Patents in India: "Heartless Exploitation of the Poor and Suffering"?
Creators: name: Lanjouw, Jean O.
name: Lanjouw, Jean O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The decision to require that countries grant product patents for pharmaceutical innovations as a condition of membership in the World Trade Organization was very contentious. Almost fifty developing countries were not granting patent monopolies for drugs during the period the Uruguay round of GATT was being debated and these countries fiercely resisted the inclusion of this requirement, claiming that vastly higher drug prices would be associated with such patents. On the other side, business interests in the West urged them to consider the beneficial effects such protection might bring both in terms of focusing more research on tropical diseases and encouraging greater domestic and foreign investment in local research activities. This paper discusses the various theoretical implications for a developing country of introducing product patents for pharmaceuticals. Using India as an example, it then brings together information gathered from both published sources and personal interviews to examine the potential magitude of these effects. While not arriving at a conclusive answer to the question posed in the title, there are some suggestions about the way events might unfold as the policy is implemented.
On Randomized Searching for Multi-robot Coordination
Creators: name: Hvězda, Jakub
name: Kulich, Miroslav
name: Přeučil, Libor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this chapter, we propose a novel approach for solving the coordination of a fleet of mobile robots, which consists of finding a set of collision-free trajectories for individual robots in the fleet. This problem is studied for several decades, and many approaches have been introduced. However, only a small minority is applicable in practice because of their properties - small computational requirement, producing solutions near-optimum, and completeness. The approach we present is based on a multi-robot variant of Rapidly Exploring Random Tree algorithm (RRT) for discrete environments and significantly improves its performance. Although the solutions generated by the approach are slightly worse than one of the best state-of-the-art algorithms presented in [23], it solves problems where ter Morses algorithm fails.
Lusini, Gianfrancesco: Acensione di Isaia
Creators: name: Wehrle, Josef
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 89 (2005): Oriens christianus, Band 89
Additional file 1 of Impact of HIV-1 Vpr manipulation of the DNA repair enzyme UNG2 on B lymphocyte class switch recombination
Creators: name: Eldin, Patrick
name: Péron, Sophie
name: Galashevskaya, Anastasia
name: Denis-Lagache, Nicolas
name: Cogné, Michel
name: Slupphaug, Geir
name: Briant, Laurence
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary dataset 1. Supplementary Figure S1. (a) CH12F3 cells were transduced with native or 30 min heat inactivated (56°C) VLP HA-Vpr at MOI of 5. CH12F3 cell switching from IgM to IgA isotype was induced 24 hours later by IL-4/α-CD40/TGF-β stimulation for 3 days. CSR efficiencies were evaluated by flow cytometry by measuring the % of IgGA+ B220+ cells. (b) Cell proliferation was evaluated by a MTT/formazan cell viability colorimetric assay (right panel). (c) Mouse primary B-cells were transduced with native or 30 min heat inactivated (56°C) HA-Vpr at MOI of 5. IgM to IgG1 isotype switching was induced by LPS/IL-4 stimulation for 3 days. (d) Cell proliferation was evaluated as in (b).
title: Towards Electrothermal Optimization of a HVDC Cable Joint Based on Field Simulation
Creators: name: Späck-Leigsnering, Yvonne
name: Ruppert, Greta
name: Gjonaj, Erion
name: De Gersem, Herbert
name: Koch, Myriam
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024

description: Extruded high-voltage direct current cable systems transmit electric power over long distances. Numerical field simulation can provide access to the internal electrothermal behavior of cable joints, which interconnect cable sections. However, coupled nonlinear electrothermal field simulations are still a challenge. In this work, a robust numerical solution approach is implemented and validated. This approach allows for efficient parameter studies of resistively graded high-voltage direct current cable joint designs. It is assessed how the dielectric stress distribution between the conductor connection and the grounded cable sheath is influenced by nonlinear field and temperature dependent electric conductivity of the field grading material. Optimal field grading material parameters, which fulfill the field grading and power loss requirements, are suggested based on the simulation studies.
The Fertility of the Irish in America in 1910
Creators: name: Guinnane, Timothy W.
name: Moehling, Carolyn M.
name: Grada, Cormac O
name: Guinnane, Timothy W.
name: Moehling, Carolyn M.
name: Grada, Cormac O
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Ireland
subject: United States
subject: fertility
subject: demography
subject: immigration

description: In most western societies, marital fertility began to decline in the nineteenth century. But in Ireland, fertility in marriage remained stubbornly high into the twentieth century. Explanations of Ireland's late entry to the fertility transition focus on the influence of the Roman Catholic Church in Irish society. These arguments are often backed up by claims that the Irish outside of Ireland behaved the same way. This paper investigates these claims by examining the marital fertility of Irish Americans in 1910 and produces three main findings. First, the Irish in America had smaller families than both the rural and urban Irish and their fertility patterns show clear evidence of fertility control. Second, despite the evidence of control, Irish-Americans continued to have large families, much larger, in fact, than the U.S. native-born population. The fertility differential between these populations was not due to differences in other population characteristics. Rather it was due to the fact that conditional on characteristics, Irish-Americans chose to have larger families. Third, the differential fertility patterns of Irish-Americans were not just due to the effects of being immigrants. Germans and English immigrants also had higher fertility than the native-born population, but to a much larger extent than for the Irish, this higher fertility could be explained by the population characteristics of these groups.
Hox genes in early hematopoietic development and leukemia
Creators: name: Pineault, Nicolas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Hematopoiesis is a complex process by which billions of mature cells are produced from a small pool of primitive cells found in the bone marrow (BM) known as hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). The Hox homeobox gene family of transcription factors (TF) first recognized as key regulators of embryogenesis has recently been implicated in the regulation of normal hematopoiesis and in leukemogenesis. To gain further insights into possible roles of Hox genes in hematopoiesis, three line of investigation were pursued in this thesis work. First, Hox gene expression and that of their co-factors Pbx1 and Meis1 was assessed at different stages of hematopoietic development in functionally distinct hematopoietic subpopulations. Hox genes were preferentially expressed in HSC-enriched subpopulations in both adult and fetal stages of hematopoiesis, and down-regulated following differentiation and maturation. The Pbx1 and Meis1 genes had important differences in their expression pattern, but were both detected in Hox expressing subpopulations. Together, these results further support the notion that Hox genes are involved in the regulation of early hematopoietic cells at all stages of hematopoietic ontogeny. The transcriptional regulation of Hox genes in hematopoietic cells was investigated by taking advantage of a recently cloned novel human cDNA for HOXB3 from purified CD34⁺ BM cells. Functional characterization of the upstream genomic DNA led to the discovery of a novel HOXB3 transcriptional regulatory element in intron 2 with enhancerlike properties when tested in hematopoietic cell lines. These results point to the existence of specific hematopoietic-active transcriptional regulatory elements important for regulating Hox gene expression in primitive hematopoietic cells. The recent identification of a second translocation involving a Hox gene and the NUP98 gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) further suggested that deregulated and/or mutant Hox genes might be directly involved in the leukemic process. To test this hypothesis, the leukemogenic potential of the NUP98-HOXD13 t(2;11) fusion gene, alone or in concert with a candidate collaborating gene, Meis1, was studied in the murine BM transplantation model. Overexpression of NUP98-HOXD13 in vivo led to mild myeloproliferation, whereas co-expression with Meis1 resulted in the development of myelomonocytic leukemia, closely re-capitulating human myelomonocytic NUP98-associated leukemia.
Intrinsic Spin Hall Effect
Creators: name: Murakami, Shuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A brief review is given on the spin Hall effect, where an external electric field induces a transverse spin current. It has been recognized over 30 years that such effect occurs due to impurities in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. Meanwhile, it was proposed recently that there is also an intrinsic contribution for this effect. We explain the mechanism for this intrinsic spin Hall effect. We also discuss recent experimental observations of the spin Hall effect.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Advances in Solid State Physics, Vol 45(2005), edited by B. Kramer, changes in Sections 3 and 4.2
Torsion in Boundary Coinvariants and K-theory for Affine Buildings
Creators: name: Robertson, Guyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 51E24, 46L80

description: Let $(G,{\mathfrak I},N,S)$ be an affine topological Tits system, and let $Γ$ be a torsion free cocompact lattice in $G$. This article studies the coinvariants $H_0(Γ; C(Ω,{\mathbb Z}))$, where $Ω$ is the Furstenberg boundary of $G$. It is shown that the class $[1]$ of the identity function in $H_0(Γ; C(Ω,{\mathbb Z}))$ has finite order, with explicit bounds for the order. A similar statement applies to the $K_0$ group of the boundary crossed product $C^*$-algebra $C(Ω)\rtimesΓ$. If the Tits system has type $\widetilde A_2$, exact computations are given, both for the crossed product algebra and for the reduced group $C^*$-algebra.
WHOLE FARM RISK-RATING MICROCOMPUTER MODEL
Creators: name: Anderson, Kim B.
name: Ikerd, John E.
name: Anderson, Kim B.
name: Ikerd, John E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Farm Management
Risk and Uncertainty

description: The Risk-Rating Model is designed to give extension specialists, teachers, and producers a method to analyze production, marketing, and financial risks. These risks may be analyzed either individually or simultaneously. The risk associated with each enterprise, for all combinations of enterprises, and for any combination of marketing strategies is estimated. Optimistic, expected, and pessimistic returns above variable cost and/or total cost are presented in the results. The probability that total return will be equal to or greater than variable cost and/or total cost is also estimated.
Testing homogeneity on large scales in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release One
Creators: name: Yadav, J.
name: Bharadwaj, S.
name: Pandey, B.
name: Seshadri, T. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The assumption that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic on large scales is one of the fundamental postulates of cosmology. We have tested the large scale homogeneity of the galaxy distribution in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release One (SDSS-DR1) using volume limited subsamples extracted from the two equatorial strips which are nearly two dimensional (2D). The galaxy distribution was projected on the equatorial plane and we carried out a 2D multi-fractal analysis by counting the number of galaxies inside circles of different radii in the range 5 Mpc/h to 150 Mpc/h centred on galaxies. Different moments of the count-in-cells were analysed to identify a range of length-scales (60-70 Mpc/h to 150Mpc/h) where the moments show a power law scaling behaviour and to determine the scaling exponent which gives the spectrum of generalised dimension D_q. If the galaxy distribution is homogeneous, D_q does not vary with q and is equal to the Euclidean dimension which in our case is 2. We find that D_q varies in the range 1.7 to 2.2. We also constructed mock data from random, homogeneous point distributions and from LCDM N-body simulations with bias b=1, 1.6 and 2, and analysed these in exactly the same way. The values of D_q in the random distribution and the unbiased simulations show much smaller variations and these are not consistent with the actual data. The biased simulations, however, show larger variations in D_q and these are consistent with both the random and the actual data. Interpreting the actual data as a realisation of a biased LCDM universe, we conclude that the galaxy distribution is homogeneous on scales larger than 60-70 Mpc/h.
description: 8 pages including 4 figures. Submitted to MNRAS
The Discordance of Mass-Loss Estimates for Galactic O-Type Stars
Creators: name: Fullerton, A. W.
name: Massa, D. L.
name: Prinja, R. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have determined accurate values of the product of the mass-loss rate and the ion fraction of P^{4+}, Mdot q(P^{4+}), for a sample of 40 Galactic O-type stars by fitting stellar-wind profiles to observations of the P V resonance doublet obtained with FUSE, ORFEUS/BEFS, and Copernicus. When P^{4+} is the dominant ion in the wind, Mdot q(P^{4+}) approximates the mass-loss rate to within a factor of 2. Theory predicts that P^{4+} is the dominant ion in the winds of O7-O9.7 stars, though an empirical estimator suggests that the range from O4-O7 may be more appropriate. However, we find that the mass-loss rates obtained from P V wind profiles are systematically smaller than those obtained from fits to Halpha emission profiles or radio free-free emission by median factors of about 130 (if P^{4+} is dominant between O7 and O9.7) or about 20 (if P^{4+} is dominant between O4 and O7). These discordant measurements can be reconciled if the winds of O stars in the relevant temperature range are strongly clumped on small spatial scales. We use a simplified two-component model to investigate the volume filling factors of the denser regions. This clumping implies that mass-loss rates determined from "density squared" diagnostics have been systematically over-estimated by factors of 10 or more, at least for a subset of O stars. Reductions in the mass-loss rates of this size have important implications for the evolution of massive stars and quantitative estimates of the feedback that hot-star winds provide to their interstellar environments.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ
Birth, death and diffusion of interacting particles
Creators: name: Hernandez-Garcia, Emilio
name: Lopez, Cristobal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Individual-based models of chemical or biological dynamics usually consider individual entities diffusing in space and performing a birth-death type dynamics. In this work we study the properties of a model in this class where the birth dynamics is mediated by the local, within a given distance, density of particles. Groups of individuals are formed in the system and in this paper we concentrate on the study of the properties of these clusters (lifetime, size, and collective diffusion). In particular, in the limit of the interaction distance approaching the system size, a unique cluster appears which helps to understand and characterize the clustering dynamics of the model.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, Iop style. To appear in Journal of Physics A: Condensed matter