cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dietary Glycine Prevents Peptidoglycan Polysaccharide-Induced Reactive Arthritis in the Rat: Role for Glycine-Gated Chloride Channel
Creators: name: Bradford, B. U.
name: Thurman, R. G.
name: Li, X.
name: Stimpson, S. A.
name: Pink, H. M.
name: Brodie, T. A.
name: Schwab, J. H.
name: Wheeler, M. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Peptidoglycan polysaccharide (PG-PS) is a primary structural component of bacterial cell walls and causes rheumatoid-like arthritis in rats. Recently, glycine has been shown to be a potential immunomodulator; therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if glycine would be protective in a PG-PS model of arthritis in vivo. In rats injected with PG-PS intra-articularly, ankle swelling increased 21% in 24 to 48 h and recovered in about 2 weeks. Three days prior to reactivation with PG-PS given intravenously (i.v.), rats were divided into two groups and fed a glycine-containing or nitrogen-balanced control diet. After i.v. PG-PS treatment joint swelling increased 2.1 ± 0.3 mm in controls but only 1.0 ± 0.2 mm in rats fed glycine. Infiltration of inflammatory cells, edema, and synovial hyperplasia in the joint were significantly attenuated by dietary glycine. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) mRNA was detected in ankle homogenates from rats fed the control diet but not in ankles from rats fed glycine. Moreover, intracellular calcium was increased significantly in splenic macrophages treated with PG-PS; however, glycine blunted the increase about 50%. The inhibitory effect of glycine was reversed by low concentrations of strychnine or chloride-free buffer, and it increased radiolabeled chloride influx nearly fourfold, an effect also inhibited by strychnine. In isolated splenic macrophages, glycine blunted translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB into the nucleus, superoxide generation, and TNF-α production caused by PG-PS. Further, mRNA for the beta subunit of the glycine receptor was detected in splenic macrophages. This work supports the hypothesis that glycine prevents reactive arthritis by blunting cytokine release from macrophages by increasing chloride influx via a glycine-gated chloride channel.
Wave Function Collapse and the No-Superluminal-Signaling Principle
Creators: name: Gillis, Edward J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The assumption that wave function collapse is a real occurrence has very interesting consequences - both experimental and theoretical. Besides predicting observable deviations from linear evolution, it implies that these deviations must originate in nondeterministic effects at the elementary level in order to prevent superluminal signaling, as demonstrated by Gisin. This lack of determinism implies that information cannot be instantiated in a reproducible form in isolated microsystems (as illustrated by the No-cloning theorem). By stipulating that information is a reproducible and referential property of physical systems, one can formulate the no-signaling principle in strictly physical terms as a prohibition of the acquisition of information about spacelike-separated occurrences. This formulation provides a new perspective on the relationship between relativity and spacetime structure, and it imposes tight constraints on the way in which collapse effects are induced. These constraints indicate that wave function collapse results from (presumably small) nondeterministic deviations from linear evolution associated with nonlocally entangling interactions. This hypothesis can be formalized in a stochastic collapse equation and used to assess the feasibility of testing for collapse effects.
description: 35 pages, matches the version published in International Journal of Quantum Foundations
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE TENSILE FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF  KEVLAR/EPOXY TUBULAR BRAIDED COMPOSITES UNDER VARIABLE  MANUFACTURING AND TESTING PARAMETERS
Creators: Lepp, Eric
Carey, Jason
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

Conference abstract. Part of the Proceedings of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering International Congress 2022.
Different Subsets of Enteric Bacteria Induce and Perpetuate Experimental Colitis in Rats and Mice
Creators: name: Rath, H. C.
name: Dieleman, L. A.
name: Sartor, R. B.
name: Schultz, M.
name: Freitag, R.
name: Li, F.
name: Linde, H.-J.
name: Scholmerich, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Resident bacteria are incriminated in the pathogenesis of experimental colitis and inflammatory bowel diseases. We investigated the relative roles of various enteric bacteria populations in the induction and perpetuation of experimental colitis. HLA-B27 transgenic rats received antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, or vancomycin-imipenem) in drinking water or water alone in either prevention or treatment protocols. Mice were treated similarly with metronidazole or vancomycin-imipenem before or after receiving 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Germfree transgenic rats were colonized with specific-pathogen-free enteric bacteria grown overnight either in anaerobic or aerobic atmospheres. Nontransgenic rats colonized with anaerobic bacteria served as negative controls. Although preventive metronidazole significantly attenuated colitis in transgenic rats and DSS-treated mice, it had no therapeutic benefit once colitis was established. Ciprofloxacin also partially prevented but did not treat colitis in B27 transgenic rats. In both animal models vancomycin-imipenem most effectively prevented and treated colitis. Germfree transgenic rats reconstituted with enteric bacteria grown under anaerobic conditions had more aggressive colitis than those associated with aerobic bacteria. These results suggest that a subset of resident luminal bacteria induces colitis, but that a complex interaction of commensal aerobic and anaerobic bacteria provides the constant antigenic drive for chronic immune-mediated colonic inflammation.
Additional file 1 of Lag penalized weighted correlation for time series clustering
Creators: name: Thevaa Chandereng
name: Gitter, Anthony
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1 Supplementary figures, tables, and methods.
Resonant transitions due to changing boundaries
Creators: name: Anzà, F.
name: Messina, A.
name: Militello, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of a particle confined in a box with moving walls is studied, focusing on the case of small perturbations which do not alter the shape of the boundary (\lq pantography\rq). The presence of resonant transitions involving the natural transition frequencies of the system and the Fourier transform of the velocity of the walls of the box is brought to the light. The special case of a pantographic change of a circular box is analyzed in dept, also bringing to light the fact that the movement of the boundary cannot affect the angular momentum of the particle.
description: Accepted for the publication in Open Systems and Information Dynamics
MOESM1 of Lag penalized weighted correlation for time series clustering
Creators: name: Thevaa Chandereng
name: Gitter, Anthony
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1 Supplementary figures, tables, and methods.
Beam Energy Dependence of the Linear and Mode-Coupled Flow Harmonics Using the A Multi-Phase Transport Model
Creators: name: Magdy, Niseem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of the A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) model, the multi-particle azimuthal cumulant method is used to calculate the linear and mode-coupled contributions to the quadrangular flow harmonic ($v_{4}$), mode-coupled response coefficient as a function of centrality in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 200, 39, 27 and 19.6 GeV. This study indicated that the linear and mode-coupled contributions to the $v_{4}$ are sensitive to the beam energy change. Nevertheless, the correlations between different order flow symmetry planes and the mode-coupled response coefficients show a weak beam energy dependence. In addition, the presented results suggest that the experimental measurements that span a broad range of beam energies can be an additional constraint for the theoretical models' calculations.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
DsrA-Deficient Mutant of Haemophilus ducreyi Is Impaired in Its Ability To Infect Human Volunteers
Creators: name: Elkins, C.
name: Fortney, K. R.
name: Spinola, S. M.
name: Throm, R. E.
name: Hood, A. F.
name: Katz, B. P.
name: Bong, C. T. H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Haemophilus ducreyi produces an outer membrane protein called DsrA, which is required for serum resistance. An isogenic dsrA mutant, FX517, was constructed previously in H. ducreyi 35000. Compared to its parent, FX517 cannot survive in normal human serum. When complemented in trans with a plasmid containing dsrA, FX517 is converted to a serum-resistant phenotype (C. Elkins, K. J. Morrow, Jr., and B. Olsen, Infect. Immun. 68:1608–1619, 2000). To test whether dsrA was transcribed in vivo, we successfully amplified transcripts in five biopsies obtained from four experimentally infected human subjects. To test whether DsrA was required for virulence, six volunteers were experimentally infected with 35000 and FX517 and observed for papule and pustule formation. Each subject was inoculated with two doses (70 to 80 CFU) of live 35000 and 1 dose of heat-killed bacteria on one arm and with three doses (ranging from 35 to 800 CFU) of live FX517 on the other arm. Papules developed at similar rates at sites inoculated with the mutant or parent. However, mutant papule surface areas were significantly smaller than parent papules. The pustule formation rate was 58% (95% confidence interval [CI] of 28 to 85%) at 12 parent sites, and 0% (95% CI of 0 to 15%) at 18 mutant sites (P = 0.0004). Although biosafety regulations precluded our testing the complemented mutant in humans, these results suggest that expression of DsrA facilitates the ability of H. ducreyi to progress to the pustular stage of disease.
Series estimation for single-index models under constraints
Creators: name: Dong, Chaohua
name: Gao, Jiti
name: Peng, Bin
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: This paper discusses a semiparametric single-index model. The link function is allowed to be unbounded and has unbounded support that fill the gap in the literature. The link function is treated as a point in an infinitely many dimensional function space which enables us to derive the estimates for the index parameter and the link function simultaneously. This approach is different from the profile method commonly used in the literature. The estimator is derived from an optimization with the constraint of an identification condition for the index parameter, which solves an important problem in the literature of single-index models. In addition, making use of a property of Hermite orthogonal polynomials, an explicit estimator for the index parameter is obtained. Asymptotic properties of the two estimators of the index parameter are established. Their efficiency is discussed in some special cases as well. The finite sample properties of the two estimators are demonstrated through an extensive Monte Carlo study and an empirical example.
Electronic Laboratory Notebook on Web2py Framework
Creators: name: Ng, Yong-Yao
name: Ling, Maurice HT
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Proper experimental record-keeping is an important cornerstone in research and development for the purpose of auditing. The gold standard of record-keeping is based on the judicious use of physical, permanent notebooks. However, advances in technology had resulted in large amounts of electronic records making it virtually impossible to maintain a full set of records in physical notebooks. Electronic laboratory notebook systems aim to meet the stringency for keeping records electronically. This manuscript describes CyNote which is an electronic laboratory notebook system that is compliant with 21 CFP Part 11 controls on electronic records, requirements set by USA Food and Drug Administration for electronic records. CyNote is implemented on web2py framework and is adhering to the architectural paradigm of model-view-controller (MVC), allowing for extension modules to be built for CyNote. CyNote is available at http://cynote.sf.net.
Proof Normalisation in a Logic Identifying Isomorphic Propositions
Creators: name: Díaz-Caro, Alejandro
name: Dowek, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We define a fragment of propositional logic where isomorphic propositions, such as $A\land B$ and $B\land A$, or $A\Rightarrow (B\land C)$ and $(A\Rightarrow B)\land(A\Rightarrow C)$ are identified. We define System I, a proof language for this logic, and prove its normalisation and consistency.
Purification and Characterization of Borrelia burgdorferi from Feeding Nymphal Ticks (Ixodes scapularis)
Creators: name: Rathinavelu, S.
name: de Silva, A. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Here we describe a protocol for purifying Borrelia burgdorferi from feeding ticks by velocity centrifugation and Percoll density gradient centrifugation. The purified spirochetes were motile and 10- to 20-fold purer than the bacteria in crude tick homogenates. The purified bacteria were present in sufficient quantity for protein and gene expression studies. In comparison to culture-grown bacteria, tick-borne spirochetes had several proteins that were upregulated and a few that were downregulated. When the levels of B. burgdorferi outer surface proteins OspA and OspC were measured, OspC protein and mRNA levels were lower in cultured bacteria than in bacteria purified from ticks. Although differences in OspA mRNA levels were observed between cultured and tick-borne bacteria, no differences were observed at the protein level. These experiments demonstrate that tick-transmitted borreliae display a gene expression and antigen profile different from that of spirochetes cultured in vitro.
The Evolution of Airport Design: Philosophy, Function and Form
Creators: name: Stewart, Robert
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2020

description: The aim of this research is to understand the line of development of airport design and consider whether airport architecture is inherently transient and doomed to obsolescence. Little has been written about the multidisciplinary nature of airport design and why, when, where and how new airport concepts have evolved so this is the contribution of this thesis. Airport design is different from other forms of architecture and engineering by virtue of the sheer scale of the development which is more akin to city planning. Because it is on a city scale it requires the input of many disciplines with different philosophies. This thesis analyses the role of architectural philosophies such as Futurism in capturing the spirit of flight and facilitating growth and change, the engineering approach to safety and operational robustness, the planning focus on connectivity and the environmentalist’s concern with sustainability. The primary influences on the evolution of airport design, such as airline growth, aircraft characteristics, safety and security and commercial viability are considered, together with how technological advances in communication, mechanisation, automation and digitisation have helped airports avoid obsolescence. The evolution of design response has been looked at through several lenses: the architect concerned with the layout and form of the terminal, the engineer focusing on the design of the airfield, the planner developing the airport as an interchange, and the environmentalist making airport development sustainable. There are case studies to show which concepts have been flexible enough to accommodate growth and change. It concludes that the evolution of airport design can best be categorised in a series of stages each of some two decades. Pioneering Era 1920 to 1940 Evolutionary Phase 1940 to 1960 Jet Age 1960 to 1980 Transfer Interchange 1980 to 2000 Mega Hub 2000 to 2020 This research considers which airports have been adaptable, survived best and avoided obsolescence. The thesis concludes that airport master plan and terminal concepts have largely evolved in response to increasing traffic volumes, and that those that have proved most durable and avoided obsolescence are those that have planned for growth and change from the outset.
Meta-learning how to forecast time series
Creators: name: Talagala, Thiyanga S
name: Hyndman, Rob J
name: Athanasopoulos, George
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: A crucial task in time series forecasting is the identification of the most suitable forecasting method. We present a general framework for forecast-model selection using meta-learning. A random forest is used to identify the best forecasting method using only time series features. The framework is evaluated using time series from the M1 and M3 competitions and is shown to yield accurate forecasts comparable to several benchmarks and other commonly used automated approaches of time series forecasting. A key advantage of our proposed framework is that the time-consuming process of building a classifier is handled in advance of the forecasting task at hand.
A Superoxide Dismutase C Mutant of Haemophilus ducreyi Is Virulent in Human Volunteers
Creators: name: Bong, C. T. H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Haemophilus ducreyi produces a periplasmic copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), which is thought to protect the organism from exogenous reactive oxygen species generated by neutrophils during an inflammatory response. We had previously identified the gene, sodC, responsible for the production and secretion of Cu-Zn SOD and constructed an isogenic H. ducreyi strain with a mutation in the sodC gene (35000HP-sodC-cat). Compared to the parent, the mutant does not survive in the presence of exogenous superoxide (L. R. San Mateo, M. Hobbs, and T. H. Kawula, Mol. Microbiol. 27:391-404, 1998) and is impaired in the swine model of H. ducreyi infection (L. R. San Mateo, K. L. Toffer, P. E. Orndorff, and T. H. Kawula, Infect. Immun. 67:5345-5351, 1999). To test whether Cu-Zn SOD is important for bacterial survival in vivo, six human volunteers were experimentally infected with 35000HP and 35000HP-sodC-cat and observed for papule and pustule formation. Papules developed at similar rates at sites inoculated with the mutant or parent. The pustule formation rates were 75% (95% confidence intervals [CI], 43 to 95%) at 12 parent-inoculated sites and 67% (95% CI, 41 to 88%) at 18 mutant-inoculated sites (P = 0.47). There was no significant difference in levels of H. ducreyi recovery from mutant- and parent-inoculated biopsy sites. These results suggest that expression of Cu-Zn SOD does not play a major role in the survival of this pathogen in the initial stages of experimental infection of humans.
Patterns of Epithelial Cell Invasion by Different Species of the Burkholderia cepacia Complex in Well-Differentiated Human Airway Epithelia
Creators: name: Boucher, R.
name: Ribeiro, C.
name: Schwab, U.
name: Leigh, M.
name: Gilligan, P.
name: Sokol, P.
name: Burns, K.
name: Yankaskas, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Burkholderia cepacia has emerged as a serious respiratory pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The clinical course of B. cepacia infections is variable, but ∼20% of patients eventually succumb to the cepacia syndrome, which is characterized as a fatal necrotizing pneumonia with bacteremia. The mechanisms that permit B. cepacia to cause bacteremia are not yet known but probably involve sequential penetration of airway barriers. This study evaluated the abilities of different species of the B. cepacia complex, including a strain from the ET12 lineage (BC-7, genomovar III, cblA+), which is associated with most cepacia syndrome fatalities among CF populations, a genomovar IV strain (HI2258), and a genomovar II strain (J-1) to penetrate polarized, well-differentiated human airway epithelial cell cultures. As revealed by light and electron microscopy, all three B. cepacia strains tested circumvented the mechanical barriers of mucus and ciliary transport to penetrate the airway epithelium but they used different routes. The BC-7 strain (genomovar III) formed biofilms in close proximity to the apical cell surface, followed by invasion and destruction of epithelial cells. This process involved disruption of the glycocalyx and rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton. The HI2258 strain (genomovar IV) did not form biofilms, and the majority of bacteria that penetrated the epithelium were located between epithelial cells, suggesting paracytosis. Strain J-1 penetrated the epithelium both by cell destruction and paracytosis. These studies suggest that the distinct invasion pathways employed by B. cepacia may account for differences in virulence between B. cepacia genomovars.
Democratizing Making: Scaffolding Participation Using e-Waste to Engage Under-resourced Communities in Technology Design
Creators: name: Vyas, Dhaval
name: Khan, Awais Hameed
name: Cooper, Anabelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Maker culture and DIY practices are central to democratizing the design of technology; enabling non-designers (future end-users) to actively participate in the design process. However, little is known about how individuals from under-resourced communities and low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds, can practically leverage maker practices to design technology, creating value for themselves or their communities. To investigate this, we collaborated with an e-waste recycling centre, involving 24 participants (staff and low-SES volunteers) in two participatory maker workshop activities. Participants were provided with a generative e-waste toolkit, through which they repurposed e-waste materials and developed novel technology prototypes that created value from their perspectives and agendas. Our findings unpack three factors that influenced their making: balancing personal and community needs; incorporating convenience and productivity; and re-thinking sustainability and connection; and discuss strategies for scaffolding participation and engagement of under-resourced communities in making using an e-waste generative toolkit to democratize technology design.
description: CHI-2023
Protein Disulfide Isomerase, a Component of the Estrogen Receptor Complex, Is Associated with Chlamydia trachomatis Serovar E Attached to Human Endometrial Epithelial Cells
Creators: name: Wyrick, P. B.
name: Raulston, J. E.
name: Davis, C. H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Chlamydia trachomatis serovar E, the leading bacterial agent responsible for sexually transmitted diseases, is required to invade genital epithelial cells for its growth and survival, yet little is known about the adhesin-receptor interactions promoting its entry. In contrast, much has been published on the heparan sulfate receptor for binding C. trachomatis L2 elementary bodies (EBs) prior to entry into HeLa cells. Using a different experimental approach in which a biotinylated apical membrane protein receptor(s) attached to EB at 4°C was stripped off the surface of polarized HEC-1B cells and immunoprecipitated with polyclonal anti-EB antibodies, an ∼55-kDa protein was reproducibly detected by enhanced chemiluminescence and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass-spectrometry sequence analysis revealed the 55-kDa protein to be protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a member of the estrogen receptor complex which carries out thiol-disulfide exchange reactions at infected host cell surfaces. Exposure of HEC-1B cells during EB attachment (1.5 to 2 h) to three different inhibitors of PDI reductive reactions—(i) the thiol-alkylating reagent DTNB (5,5′-dithiobis[2-nitrobenzoic acid]), (ii) bacitracin, and (iii) anti-PDI antibodies—resulted in reduced chlamydial infectivity. Since (i) C. trachomatis serovar E attachment to estrogen-dominant primary human endometrial epithelial cells is dramatically enhanced and (ii) productive entry into and infectivity of EB in host cells is dependent on reduction of EB cross-linked outer membrane proteins at the host cell surface, these data provide some preliminary evidence for an intriguing new potential receptor candidate for further analysis of luminal C. trachomatis serovar E entry.
Finite determinacy of matrices over local rings. Tangent modules to the miniversal deformation for R-linear group actions
Creators: name: Belitskii, Genrich
name: Kerner, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider matrices with entries in a local ring, Mat(m,n,R). Fix a group action, G on Mat(m,n,R), and a subset of allowed deformations, Σ\subseteq Mat(m,n,R). The standard question of Singularity Theory is the finite-(Σ,G)-determinacy of matrices. Finite determinacy implies algebraizability and is equivalent to a stronger notion: stable algebraizability. In our previous work this determinacy question was reduced to the study of the tangent spaces to Σand to the orbit, T_{(Σ,A)}, T_{(GA,A)} , and their quotient, the tangent module to the miniversal deformation. In particular, the order of determinacy is controlled by the annihilator of this tangent module. In this work we study this tangent module for the group action GL(m,R)\times GL(n,R) on Mat(m,n,R) and various natural subgroups of it. We obtain ready-to-use criteria of determinacy for deformations of (embedded) modules, (skew-)symmetric forms, filtered modules, filtered morphisms of filtered modules, chains of modules etc.
description: The final version
The behaviour of betting and currency markets on the night of the EU referendum
Creators: name: Auld, Tom
name: Linton, Oliver
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: We study the behaviour of the Betfair betting market and the sterling/dollar exchange rate (futures price) during 24 June 2016, the night of the EU referendum. We investigate how the two markets responded to the announcement of the voting results. We employ a Bayesian updating methodology to update prior opinion about the likelihood of the final outcome of the vote. We then relate the voting model to the real time evolution of the market determined prices as results are announced. We find that although both markets appear to be inefficient in absorbing the new information contained in vote outcomes, the betting market is apparently less inefficient than the FX market. The different rates of convergence to fundamental value between the two markets leads to highly profitable arbitrage opportunities.
Surface Accessibility of the 70-Kilodalton Chlamydia trachomatis Heat Shock Protein following Reduction of Outer Membrane Protein Disulfide Bonds
Creators: name: Raulston, J. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Numerous investigations have shown that 70-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) homologs interact tightly with hydrophobic proteins and functionally assist proteins in membranous organelles and environments. One such protein is the Chlamydia trachomatis Hsp70 that is associated with isolated outer membrane complexes of infectious elementary bodies (EB). Previous observations have indicated that chlamydial Hsp70 plays a role in EB attachment to, or entry into, endometrial epithelial cells. In this study, immunofluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations showed that chlamydial Hsp70 is not a surface-displayed ligand on purified EB. However, brief exposure of EB to the thiol reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) led to surface accessibility of the Hsp70 substrate-binding domain. Reduction of the highly disulfide-cross-linked EB outer membrane proteins with DTT resulted in a decrease in EB attachment and infectivity. Interestingly, exposure of EB to the membrane-impermeable thiol-alkylating reagent 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) enhanced attachment but compromised infectivity, suggesting that EB outer membrane proteins must be reduced for entry and productive infection. Together, our data suggest that (i) the structural integrity of the EB outer membrane, maintained by protein disulfide bonds, is important during the initial stages of attachment; (ii) reduction occurs within the localized microenvironment of host cell surfaces once intimate contact is established between EB and host cells; and (iii) subsequent conformational changes in EB ultrastructure allow productive infection in host cells. The accessibility of the Hsp70 substrate-binding domain may support the hypothesis that this protein plays a role in events following the initial stage of attachment instead of serving as a primary, surface-displayed adhesin.
BDgraph: An R Package for Bayesian Structure Learning in Graphical Models
Creators: name: Mohammadi, Reza
name: Wit, Ernst C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graphical models provide powerful tools to uncover complicated patterns in multivariate data and are commonly used in Bayesian statistics and machine learning. In this paper, we introduce the R package BDgraph which performs Bayesian structure learning for general undirected graphical models (decomposable and non-decomposable) with continuous, discrete, and mixed variables. The package efficiently implements recent improvements in the Bayesian literature, including that of Mohammadi and Wit (2015) and Dobra and Mohammadi (2018). To speed up computations, the computationally intensive tasks have been implemented in C++ and interfaced with R, and the package has parallel computing capabilities. In addition, the package contains several functions for simulation and visualization, as well as several multivariate datasets taken from the literature and used to describe the package capabilities. The paper includes a brief overview of the statistical methods which have been implemented in the package. The main part of the paper explains how to use the package. Furthermore, we illustrate the package's functionality in both real and artificial examples.
description: Published at https://www.jstatsoft.org/article/view/v089i03 in the Journal of Statistical Software
The Haemophilus ducreyi Serum Resistance Antigen DsrA Confers Attachment to Human Keratinocytes
Creators: name: Toffer, K. L.
name: Kawula, T. H.
name: Elkins, C.
name: Cole, L. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Haemophilus ducreyi is the etiologic agent of the sexually transmitted genital ulcer disease chancroid. H. ducreyi serum resistance protein A (DsrA) is a member of a family of multifunctional outer membrane proteins that are involved in resistance to killing by human serum complement. The members of this family include YadA of Yersinia species, the UspA proteins of Moraxella catarrhalis, and the Eib proteins of Escherichia coli. The role of YadA, UspA1, and UspA2H as eukaryotic cell adhesins and the function of UspA2 as a vitronectin binder led to our investigation of the cell adhesion and vitronectin binding properties of DsrA. We found that DsrA was a keratinocyte-specific adhesin as it was necessary and sufficient for attachment to HaCaT cells, a keratinocyte cell line, but was not required for attachment to HS27 cells, a fibroblast cell line. We also found that DsrA was specifically responsible for the ability of H. ducreyi to bind vitronectin. We then theorized that DsrA might use vitronectin as a bridge to bind to human cells, but this hypothesis proved to be untrue as eliminating HaCaT cell binding of vitronectin with a monoclonal antibody specific to integrin αvβ5 did not affect the attachment of H. ducreyi to HaCaT cells. Finally, we wanted to examine the importance of keratinocyte adhesion in chancroid pathogenesis so we tested the wild-type and dsrA mutant strains of H. ducreyi in our swine models of chancroid pathogenesis. The dsrA mutant was less virulent than the wild type in both the normal and immune cell-depleted swine models of chancroid infection.
Label Information Enhanced Fraud Detection against Low Homophily in Graphs
Creators: name: Wang, Yuchen
name: Zhang, Jinghui
name: Huang, Zhengjie
name: Li, Weibin
name: Feng, Shikun
name: Ma, Ziheng
name: Sun, Yu
name: Yu, Dianhai
name: Dong, Fang
name: Jin, Jiahui
name: Wang, Beilun
name: Luo, Junzhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Node classification is a substantial problem in graph-based fraud detection. Many existing works adopt Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to enhance fraud detectors. While promising, currently most GNN-based fraud detectors fail to generalize to the low homophily setting. Besides, label utilization has been proved to be significant factor for node classification problem. But we find they are less effective in fraud detection tasks due to the low homophily in graphs. In this work, we propose GAGA, a novel Group AGgregation enhanced TrAnsformer, to tackle the above challenges. Specifically, the group aggregation provides a portable method to cope with the low homophily issue. Such an aggregation explicitly integrates the label information to generate distinguishable neighborhood information. Along with group aggregation, an attempt towards end-to-end trainable group encoding is proposed which augments the original feature space with the class labels. Meanwhile, we devise two additional learnable encodings to recognize the structural and relational context. Then, we combine the group aggregation and the learnable encodings into a Transformer encoder to capture the semantic information. Experimental results clearly show that GAGA outperforms other competitive graph-based fraud detectors by up to 24.39% on two trending public datasets and a real-world industrial dataset from Anonymous. Even more, the group aggregation is demonstrated to outperform other label utilization methods (e.g., C&S, BoT/UniMP) in the low homophily setting.
description: Accepted to The ACM Webconf 2023
$C^*$-algebraic drawings of dendroidal sets
Creators: name: Mahanta, Snigdhayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L85, 55P48, 55U10, 18D50, 46L87

description: In recent years the theory of dendroidal sets has emerged as an important framework for higher algebra. In this article we introduce the concept of a $C^*$-algebraic drawing of a dendroidal set. It depicts a dendroidal set as an object in the category of presheaves on $C^*$-algebras. We show that the construction is functorial and, in fact, it is the left adjoint of a Quillen adjunction between combinatorial model categories. We use this construction to produce a bridge between the two prominent paradigms of noncommutative geometry via adjunctions of presentable $\infty$-categories, which is the primary motivation behind this article. As a consequence we obtain a single mechanism to construct bivariant homology theories in both paradigms. We propose a (conjectural) roadmap to harmonize algebraic and analytic (or topological) bivariant K-theory. Finally, a method to analyse graph algebras in terms of trees is sketched.
description: 28 pages; v2 expanded version with some improvements; v3 revised and added references; v4 some changes according to the suggestions of the referees (to appear in Algebr. Geom. Topol.)
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Interleukin-8 Production via NF- B and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathways Inhibits Cell Apoptosis in Human Hepatocytes
Creators: name: Asano, T.
name: Brenner, D. A.
name: Nozawa, Y.
name: Nagaki, M.
name: Nakashima, S.
name: Osawa, Y.
name: Moriwaki, H.
name: Banno, Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) not only induces apoptotic signals but also causes antiapoptotic and regenerative responses in the liver. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of the latter events remains unclear. In the present study, we examined TNF-α-induced genes in Hc human normal (unsensitized) hepatocytes by cDNA microarray analysis. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) induction was the most pronounced of the upregulated genes. The IL-8 protein level was also increased. IL-8 belongs to the ELR-CXC chemokine family and appears to exert mitogenic and antiapoptotic functions in other cell systems. IL-8 expression by TNF-α was inhibited when two survival signals, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, were inhibited by a mutant form of inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB); by dominant negative (kinase-dead) Akt; or by treatment with LY 294002, an inhibitor of PI3K. TNF-α induced apoptosis in Hc cells that were sensitized by inhibition of NF-κB and PI3K activation. IL-8 administration protected mice against concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in vivo. IL-8 also rescued the sensitized Hc cells, at least in part, from TNF-α-induced apoptosis in vitro. TNF-α inhibited DNA synthesis in unsensitized Hc cells in the absence of serum. Exogenous IL-8 reversed, though anti-IL-8 neutralization antibody enhanced, growth inhibition by TNF-α. These results indicate that IL-8, the production of which is stimulated by TNF-α, inhibits apoptosis of sensitized hepatocytes and releases normal (unsensitized) hepatocytes from growth inhibition induced by TNF-α.
Fe$_{1+y}$Te$_{x}$Se$_{1-x}$: a delicate and tunable Majorana material
Creators: name: Yang, Fazhi
name: Phan, Giao Ngoc
name: Zhang, Renjie
name: Zhao, Jin
name: Li, Jiajun
name: Lu, Zouyouwei
name: Schneeloch, John
name: Zhong, Ruidan
name: Ma, Mingwei
name: Gu, Genda
name: Dong, Xiaoli
name: Qian, Tian
name: Ding, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the observation for the p$_{z}$ electron band and the band inversion in Fe$_{1+y}$Te$_{x}$Se$_{1-x}$ with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Furthermore, we found that excess Fe (y>0) inhibits the topological band inversion in Fe$_{1+y}$Te$_{x}$Se$_{1-x}$, which explains the absence of Majorana zero modes in previous reports for Fe$_{1+y}$Te$_{x}$Se$_{1-x}$ with excess Fe. Based on our analysis of different amounts of Te doping and excess Fe, we propose a delicate topological phase in this material. Thanks to this delicate phase, one may be able to tune the topological transition via applying lattice strain or carrier doping.
Criminal Investigation Tracker with Suspect Prediction using Machine Learning
Creators: name: Dilmini, S. J.
name: Rajapaksha, R. A. T. M.
name: Lakmali, Erandika
name: Mandula, S. P. S.
name: Delgasdeniya, D. D. G.
name: Bandara, Pradeepa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An automated approach to identifying offenders in Sri Lanka would be better than the current system. Obtaining information from eyewitnesses is one of the less reliable approaches and procedures still in use today. Automated criminal identification has the ability to save lives, notwithstanding Sri Lankan culture's lack of awareness of the issue. Using cutting-edge technology like biometrics to finish this task would be the most accurate strategy. The most notable outcomes will be obtained by applying fingerprint and face recognition as biometric techniques. The main responsibilities will be image optimization and criminality. CCTV footage may be used to identify a person's fingerprint, identify a person's face, and identify crimes involving weapons. Additionally, we unveil a notification system and condense the police report to Additionally, to make it simpler for police officers to understand the essential points of the crime, we develop a notification system and condense the police report. Additionally, if an incident involving a weapon is detected, an automated notice of the crime with all the relevant facts is sent to the closest police station. The summarization of the police report is what makes this the most original. In order to improve the efficacy of the overall image, the system will quickly and precisely identify the full crime scene, identify, and recognize the suspects using their faces and fingerprints, and detect firearms. This study provides a novel approach for crime prediction based on real-world data, and criminality incorporation. A crime or occurrence should be reported to the appropriate agencies, and the suggested web application should be improved further to offer a workable channel of communication.
(Co)Homology of Lie Algebras via Algebraic Morse Theory
Creators: name: Lampret, Leon
name: Vavpetič, Aleš
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55U15, 55-04, 18G35, 17B56, 13P20, 13D02

description: E. Sköldberg's Morse Theory from an Algebraic Viewpoint and M. Jöllenbeck's Algebraic Discrete Morse Theory and Applications to Commutative Algebra, which is the algebraic generalization of R. Forman's discrete Morse Theory for Cell Complexes, is discussed in the context of general chain complexes of free modules. Using this, we compute the Chevalley-Eilenberg (co)homology of the Lie algebra of all triangular matrices $\frak{sol}_n$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ or $\mathbb{Z}_p$ for large enough prime $p$. We determine the column and row in the table of $H_k(\frak{sol}_n;\mathbb{Z})$ where the $p$-torsion first appears. Every $\mathbb{Z}_{p^k}$ appears as a direct summand of some $H_k(\frak{sol}_n;\mathbb{Z})$. Module $H_k(\frak{sol}_n;\mathbb{Z}_p)$ is expressed by the homology of a chain subcomplex for the Lie algebra of all strictly triangular matrices $\frak{nil}_n$, using the Künneth formula. All conclusions are accompanied by computer experiments. Then we generalize some results to the more general Lie algebras of (strictly) triangular matrices $\frak{gl}_n^\prec$ and $\frak{gl}_n^\preceq$ with respect to any partial ordering $\preceq$ on $[n]$. Furthermore, the matchings used can be analogously defined for other Lie algebra families and are useful for theoretical as well as computational purposes.
description: 19 pages, 2 homology tables, 5 figures
Probabilisitic forecasts in hierarchical time series
Creators: name: Gamakumara, Puwasala
name: Panagiotelis, Anastasios
name: Athanasopoulos, George
name: Hyndman, Rob J
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: Forecast reconciliation involves adjusting forecasts to ensure coherence with aggregation constraints. We extend this concept from point forecasts to probabilistic forecasts by redefining forecast reconciliation in terms of linear functions in general, and projections more specifically. New theorems establish that the true predictive distribution can be recovered in the elliptical case by linear reconciliation, and general conditions are derived for when this is a projection. A geometric interpretation is also used to prove two new theoretical results for point forecasting; that reconciliation via projection both preserves unbiasedness and dominates unreconciled forecasts in a mean squared error sense. Strategies for forecast evaluation based on scoring rules are discussed, and it is shown that the popular log score is an improper scoring rule with respect to the class of unreconciled forecasts when the true predictive distribution coheres with aggregation constraints. Finally, evidence from a simulation study shows that reconciliation based on an oblique projection, derived from the MinT method of Wickramasuriya, Athanasopoulos and Hyndman (2018) for point forecasting, outperforms both reconciled and unreconciled alternatives.
A Humoral Immune Response Confers Protection against Haemophilus ducreyi Infection
Creators: name: Orndorff, P. E.
name: Toffer, K. L.
name: Fulcher, R. A.
name: San Mateo, L. R.
name: Cole, L. E.
name: Kawula, T. H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Haemophilus ducreyi is the etiologic agent of the sexually transmitted genital ulcer disease chancroid. Neither naturally occurring chancroid nor experimental infection with H. ducreyi results in protective immunity. Likewise, a single inoculation of H. ducreyi does not protect pigs against subsequent infection. Accordingly, we used the swine model of chancroid infection to examine the impact of multiple inoculations on a host's immune response. After three successive inoculations with H. ducreyi, pigs developed a modestly protective immune response evidenced by the decreased recovery of viable bacteria from lesions. All lesions biopsied 2 days after the first and second inoculations contained viable H. ducreyi cells, yet only 55% of the lesions biopsied 2 days after the third inoculation did. Nearly 90% of the lesions biopsied 7 days after the first inoculation contained viable H. ducreyi cells, but this percentage dropped to only 16% after the third inoculation. Between the first and third inoculations, the average recovery of CFU from lesions decreased approximately 100-fold. The reduced recovery of bacteria corresponded directly with a fivefold increase in H. ducreyi-specific antibody titers and the emergence of bactericidal activity. These immune sera were protective when administered to naïve pigs prior to challenge with H. ducreyi. These data suggest that pigs mount an effective humoral immune response to H. ducreyi after multiple exposures to the organism.