cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Southern Glacial Maximum 65,000 years ago and its Unfinished Termination
Creators: name: Schaefer, Joerg M.
name: Putnam, Aaron Ervin
name: Denton, George H.
name: Kaplan, Michael R.
name: Birkel, Sean
name: Doughty, Alice M.
name: Kelley, Sam
name: Barrell, David J. A.
name: Finkel, Robert C.
name: Winckler, Gisela
name: Anderson, Robert F.
name: Ninneman, Ulysses S.
name: Barker, Stephen
name: Schwartz, Roseanne G.
name: Andersen, Bjorn G.
name: Schluechter, Christian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Glaciers
Southern Hemisphere
Last Glacial Maximum
Hydrology

description: Glacial maxima and their terminations provide key insights into inter-hemispheric climate dynamics and the coupling of atmosphere, surface and deep ocean, hydrology, and cryosphere, which is fundamental for evaluating the robustness of earth's climate in view of ongoing climate change. The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼26–19 ka ago) is widely seen as the global cold peak during the last glacial cycle, and its transition to the Holocene interglacial, dubbed 'Termination 1 (T1)', as the most dramatic climate reorganization during this interval. Climate records show that over the last 800 ka, ice ages peaked and terminated on average every 100 ka (‘100 ka world’). However, the mechanisms pacing glacial–interglacial transitions remain controversial and in particular the hemispheric manifestations and underlying orbital to regional driving forces of glacial maxima and subsequent terminations remain poorly understood. Here we show evidence for a full glacial maximum in the Southern Hemisphere 65.1 ± 2.7 ka ago and its ‘Unfinished Termination’. Our 10Be chronology combined with a model simulation demonstrates that New Zealand's glaciers reached their maximum position of the last glacial cycle during Marine Isotope Stage-4 (MIS-4). Southern ocean and greenhouse gas records indicate coeval peak glacial conditions, making the case for the Southern Glacial Maximum about halfway through the last glacial cycle and only 15 ka after the last warm period (MIS-5a). We present the hypothesis that subsequently, driven by boreal summer insolation forcing, a termination began but remained unfinished, possibly because the northern ice sheets were only moderately large and could not supply enough meltwater to the North Atlantic through Heinrich Stadial 6 to drive a full termination. Yet the Unfinished Termination left behind substantial ice on the northern continents (about 50% of the full LGM ice volume) and after another 45 ka of cooling and ice sheet growth the earth was at inter-hemispheric Last Glacial Maximum configuration, when similar orbital forcing hit maximum-size northern ice sheets and ushered in T1 and thus the ongoing interglacial. This argument highlights the critical role of full glacial conditions in both hemispheres for terminations and implies that the Southern Hemisphere climate could transition from interglacial to full glacial conditions in about 15,000 years, while the Northern Hemisphere and its continental ice-sheets required half a glacial cycle.
Selective altruism in collective games
Creators: name: Zappalà, Dario A.
name: Pluchino, Alessandro
name: Rapisarda, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the emergence of altruistic behaviour in collective games. In particular, we take into account Toral's version of collective Parrondo's paradoxical games, in which the redistribution of capital between agents, who can play different strategies, creates a positive trend of increasing capital. In this framework, we insert two categories of players, altruistic and selfish ones, and see how they interact and how their capital evolves. More in detail, we analyse the positive effects of altruistic behaviour, but we also point out how selfish players take advantage of that situation. The general result is that altruistic behaviour is discouraged, because selfish players get richer while altruistic ones get poorer. We also consider a smarter way of being altruistic, based on reputation, called "selective altruism", which prevents selfish players from taking advantage of altruistic ones. In this new situation it is altruism, and not selfishness, to be encouraged and stabilized. Finally, we introduce a mechanism of imitation between players and study how it influences the composition of the population of both altruistic and selfish players as a function of time for different initial conditions and network topologies adopted.
description: 29 pages, 20 figures
The influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation on mean and extreme values of column ozone over the United States
Creators: name: Petropavlovskikh, I.
name: Evans, R.
name: McConville, G.
name: Manney, G. L.
name: Rieder, Harald
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Atmospheric chemistry
Atmosphere
Atmosphere, Upper

description: Continuous measurements of total ozone (by Dobson spectrophotometers) across the contiguous United States began in the early 1960s. Here, we analyze temporal and spatial variability and trends in total ozone from the five US sites with long-term records. While similar long-term ozone changes are detected at all five sites, we find differences in the patterns of ozone variability on shorter timescales. In addition to standard evaluation techniques, STL-decomposition methods (Seasonal Trend decomposition of time series based on LOESS (LOcally wEighted Scatterplot Smoothing)) are used to address temporal variability and "fingerprints" of dynamical features in the Dobson data. Methods from statistical extreme value theory (EVT) are used to characterize days with high and low total ozone (termed EHOs and ELOs, respectively) at each station and to analyze temporal changes in the frequency of ozone extremes and their relationship to dynamical features such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation. A comparison of the fingerprints detected in the frequency distribution of the extremes with those for standard metrics (i.e., the mean) shows that more fingerprints are found for the extremes, particularly for the positive phase of the NAO, at all five US monitoring sites. Results from the STL decomposition support the findings of the EVT analysis. Finally, we analyze the relative influence of low- and high-ozone events on seasonal mean column ozone at each station. The results show that the influence of ELOs and EHOs on seasonal mean column ozone can be as much as ±5 %, about as large as the overall long-term decadal ozone trends.
Density-Functional theory, finite-temperature classical maps, and their implications for foundational studies of quantum systems
Creators: name: Dharma-wardana, M. W. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advent of the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem in 1964, its extension to finite-T, Kohn-Sham theory, and relativistic extensions provide the well-established formalism of density-functional theory (DFT). This theory enables the calculation of all static properties of quantum systems {\it without} the need for an n-body wavefunction ψ. DFT uses the one-body density distribution instead of ψ. The more recent time-dependent formulations of DFT attempt to describe the time evolution of quantum systems without using the time-dependent wavefunction. Although DFT has become the standard tool of condensed-matter computational quantum mechanics, its foundational implications have remained largely unexplored. While all systems require quantum mechanics (QM) at T=0, the pair-distribution functions (PDFs) of such quantum systems have been accurately mapped into classical models at effective finite-T, and using suitable non-local quantum potentials (e.g., to mimic Pauli exclusion effects). These approaches shed light on the quantum \to hybrid \to classical models, and provide a new way of looking at the existence of non- local correlations without appealing to Bell's theorem. They also provide insights regarding Bohmian mechanics. Furthermore, macroscopic systems even at 1 Kelvin have de Broglie wavelengths in the micro-femtometer range, thereby eliminating macroscopic cat states, and avoiding the need for {\it ad hoc} decoherence models.
description: one figure, http://iopscience.iop.org/1742-6596/442/1/012030
Vertical kinetic energy and turbulent dissipation in the ocean
Creators: name: Thurnherr, Andreas M.
name: Kunze, E.
name: Toole, J. M.
name: St. Laurent, L.
name: Richards, K. J.
name: Ruiz-Angulo, A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Internal waves--Mathematical models
subject: Meridional overturning circulation
subject: Ocean waves--Mathematical models
subject: Hydrology
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Oceanic internal waves are closely linked to turbulence. Here a relationship between vertical wave number (kz) spectra of fine-scale vertical kinetic energy (VKE) and turbulent dissipation
Converging bounds for the effective shear speed in 2D phononic crystals
Creators: name: Kutsenko, A. A.
name: Shuvalov, A. L.
name: Norris, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Calculation of the effective quasistatic shear speed $c$ in 2D solid phononic crystals is analyzed. The plane-wave expansion (PWE) and the monodromy-matrix (MM) methods are considered. For each method, the stepwise sequence of upper and lower bounds is obtained which monotonically converges to the exact value of $c$. It is proved that the two-sided MM bounds of $c$ are tighter and their convergence to $c$ is uniformly faster than that of the PWE bounds. Examples of the PWE and MM bounds of effective speed versus concentration of high-contrast inclusions are demonstrated.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Holocene evolution of the western Greenland Ice Sheet: Assessinggeophysical ice-sheet models with geological reconstructions ofice-margin change
Creators: name: Young, Nicolas E.
name: Briner, Jason P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Ice sheets--Measurement
subject: Paleoclimatology
subject: Ice sheets--Mathematical models
subject: Climatic changes
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geomorphology
subject: Geology

description: Geophysical ice-sheet models are used to predict future ice-sheet dimensions and, in turn, these projections help estimate the magnitude of eustatic sea-level rise. Before models can confidently predict ice-sheet behavior, they must be validated by being able to duplicate the geological record of ice-sheet change. Here, we review geological records of Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) change, with emphasis on the warmer-than-present middle Holocene, and compare these records to published studies that numerically simulate GrIS behavior through the Holocene. Geological records are concentrated in West and Southwest Greenland, which are also the regions where the GrIS margin likely experienced the greatest distance of inland retreat during the middle Holocene. Several records spanning from Melville Bugt to Jakobshavn Isfjord in western Greenland indicate the GrIS achieved its minimum extent between ~5 and 3 ka, and farther south in the Kangerlussuaq region, new data presented here indicate the ice margin reached its minimum extent between ~4.2 and 1.8 ka. In the Narsarsuaq region in southern Greenland, the GrIS likely achieved its minimum configuration between ~7 and 4 ka. We highlight key similarities and discrepancies between these reconstructions and model results, and finally, we suggest that despite some degree of inland retreat, the West and Southwest GrIS margin remained relatively stable and close to its current position through the Holocene thermal maximum.
Environmental isotopes and noble gases in the deep aquifer system of Kazan Trona Ore Field, Ankara, central Turkey and links to paleoclimate
Creators: name: Arslan, Sebnem
name: Yazicigil, Hasan
name: Stute, Martin
name: Schlosser, Peter
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Isotopes--Environmental aspects
Paleoclimatology
Aquifers--Measurement
Environmental sciences
Chemistry, Physical and theoretical

description: Environmental isotopes and noble gases in groundwater samples from the Kazan Trona Ore Field are studied to establish the temperature change between the Holocene and the late Pleistocene. Noble gas temperatures (NGTs) presented in this study add an important facet to the global paleotemperature map in the region between Europe and North Africa. The groundwater system under investigation consists of three different aquifers named shallow, middle and deep in which δ18O and δ2H vary from − 8.10‰ to − 12.80‰ and from − 60.89‰ to − 92.60‰ VSMOW, respectively. The average isotopic depletion between unconfined and confined parts of the system is − 2.5‰ in δ18O and − 20‰ in δ2H. It is not possible to explain this depletion solely with the elevation effect. Recharge temperatures derived from dissolved atmospheric noble gases reflect the current average yearly ground temperatures (13°C) for samples collected near the recharge area but are 3 to 8°C lower than today's temperatures in the deep aquifer system. Low 14C activities and high He excesses in the confined parts of the aquifer system suggest that the water in the deep aquifer was recharged during the last Pleistocene under considerably cooler climatic conditions.
A Fiji multi-coral δ¹⁸O composite approach to obtaining a more accurate reconstruction of the last two-centuries of the ocean-climate variability...
Creators: name: Dassié, Emilie P.
name: Linsley, Braddock
name: Corrège, Thierry
name: Wu, Henry C.
name: Lemley, Gavin M.
name: Howe, Steve
name: Cabioch, Guy
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Paleoceanography
subject: Corals
subject: Paleoclimatology
subject: Chemical oceanography
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Climatic changes
subject: Geochemistry

description: The limited availability of oceanographic data in the tropical Pacific Ocean prior to the satellite era makes coral-based climate reconstructions a key tool for extending the instrumental record back in time, thereby providing a much needed test for climate models and projections. We have generated a unique regional network consisting of five Porites coral δ¹⁸O time series from different locations in the Fijian archipelago. Our results indicate that using a minimum of three Porites coral δ¹⁸O records from Fiji is statistically sufficient to obtain a reliable signal for climate reconstruction, and that application of an approach used in tree ring studies is a suitable tool to determine this number. The coral δ¹⁸O composite indicates that while sea surface temperature (SST) variability is the primary driver of seasonal δ¹⁸O variability in these Fiji corals, annual average coral δ¹⁸O is more closely correlated to sea surface salinity (SSS) as previously reported. Our results highlight the importance of water mass advection in controlling Fiji coral δ¹⁸O and salinity variability at interannual and decadal time scales despite being located in the heavy rainfall region of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ). The Fiji δ¹⁸O composite presents a secular freshening and warming trend since the 1850s coupled with changes in both interannual (IA) and decadal/interdecadal (D/I) variance. The changes in IA and D/I variance suggest a re-organization of climatic variability in the SPCZ region beginning in the late 1800s to period of a more dominant interannual variability, which could correspond to a southeast expansion of the SPCZ.
Biomass allocation of tidal freshwater marsh species in response to natural and manipulated gradients in hydroperiod in coastal deltaic floodplains, Wax Lake Delta, Louisiana
Creators: name: Rovai, Andre
name: Twilley, Robert R
name: Christensen, Alexandra
name: McCall, Annabeth
name: Jensen, Daniel J.
name: Snedden, Gregg
name: Morris, James T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 50102 Ecosystem Function
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 50101 Ecological Impacts of Climate Change
subject: 50199 Ecological Applications not elsewhere classified

description: DRAFT - Manuscript in Review in Geomorphology
Weak Polarized Electron Scattering
Creators: name: Erler, Jens
name: Horowitz, Charles J.
name: Mantry, Sonny
name: Souder, Paul A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scattering polarized electrons provides an important probe of the weak interactions. Precisely measuring the parity-violating left-right cross section asymmetry is the goal of a number of experiments recently completed or in progress. The experiments are challenging, since A_{LR} is small, typically between 10^(-4) and 10^(-8). By carefully choosing appropriate targets and kinematics, various pieces of the weak Lagrangian can be isolated, providing a search for physics beyond the Standard Model. For other choices, unique features of the strong interaction are studied, including the radius of the neutron density in heavy nuclei, charge symmetry violation, and higher twist terms. This article reviews the theory behind the experiments, as well as the general techniques used in the experimental program.
description: Review article, 57 pages, 4 figures, typos fixed, reference added, version accepted for publication in the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 64
Projet BI4People - Le décisionnel pour tou.tes
Creators: name: Jérôme, Darmont
name: Sdiri Bilel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Informatique décisionnelle
Entreposage automatique de données
Visualisation de données assistée
Analyse OLAP collaborative
Sécurité et confidentialité des données
Appropriation utilisateurs

description: Ce poster a pour objectif de présenter le projet pluridisciplinaire ANR-19-CE23-0005 "BI4people : Le décisionnel pour tou.tes", financé par l'Agence nationale de la recherche.
description: https://eric.univ-lyon2.fr/bi4people/
Global satellite monitoring of climate-induced vegetation disturbances
Creators: name: McDowell, Nate G.
name: Coops, Nicholas C.
name: Beck, Pieter S. A.
name: Chambers, Jeffrey Q.
name: Gangodagamage, Chandana
name: Hicke, Jeffrey A.
name: Huang, Cho-Ying
name: Kennedy, Robert
name: Krofcheck, Dan J.
name: Litvak, Marcy
name: Meddens, Arjan J. H.
name: Muss, Jordan
name: Peng, Changhui
name: Negrón-Juarez, Robinson
name: Schwantes, Amanda M.
name: Swenson, Jennifer J.
name: Vernon, Louis J.
name: Williams, A. Park
name: Zhao, Maosheng
name: Xu, Chonggang
name: Running, Steve W.
name: Allen, Craig D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Remote sensing
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Vegetation monitoring--Remote sensing
subject: Climatic changes

description: Terrestrial disturbances are accelerating globally, but their full impact is not quantified because we lack an adequate monitoring system. Remote sensing offers a means to quantify the frequency and extent of disturbances globally. Here, we review the current application of remote sensing to this problem and offer a framework for more systematic analysis in the future. We recommend that any proposed monitoring system should not only detect disturbances, but also be able to: identify the proximate cause(s); integrate a range of spatial scales; and, ideally, incorporate process models to explain the observed patterns and predicted trends in the future. Significant remaining challenges are tied to the ecology of disturbances. To meet these challenges, more effort is required to incorporate ecological principles and understanding into the assessments of disturbance worldwide.
Integrating physiological threshold experiments with climate modeling to project mangrove species’ range expansion
Creators: name: Cavanaugh, Kyle C.
name: Parker, John D.
name: Cook-Patton, Susan C.
name: Feller, Ilka C.
name: Williams, A. Park
name: Kellner, James R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Trees--Climatic factors
subject: Mangrove plants
subject: Phytogeopgraphy
subject: Climatic changes--Forecasting
subject: Climatic changes
subject: Botany
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Predictions of climate-related shifts in species ranges have largely been based on correlative models. Due to limitations of these models, there is a need for more integration of experimental approaches when studying impacts of climate change on species distributions. Here, we used controlled experiments to identify physiological thresholds that control poleward range limits of three species of mangroves found in North America. We found that all three species exhibited a threshold response to extreme cold, but freeze tolerance thresholds varied among species. From these experiments, we developed a climate metric, freeze degree days (FDD), which incorporates both the intensity and the frequency of freezes. When included in distribution models, FDD accurately predicted mangrove presence/absence. Using 28 years of satellite imagery, we linked FDD to observed changes in mangrove abundance in Florida, further exemplifying the importance of extreme cold. We then used downscaled climate projections of FDD to project that these range limits will move northward by 2.2–3.2 km yr⁻¹ over the next 50 years.
Representing Code History with Development Environment Events
Creators: name: Dias, Martin
name: Cassou, Damien
name: Ducasse, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern development environments handle information about the intent of the programmer: for example, they use abstract syntax trees for providing high-level code manipulation such as refactorings; nevertheless, they do not keep track of this information in a way that would simplify code sharing and change understanding. In most Smalltalk systems, source code modifications are immediately registered in a transaction log often called a ChangeSet. Such mechanism has proven reliability, but it has several limitations. In this paper we analyse such limitations and describe scenarios and requirements for tracking fine-grained code history with a semantic representation. We present Epicea, an early prototype implementation. We want to enrich code sharing with extra information from the IDE, which will help understanding the intention of the changes and let a new generation of tools act in consequence.
Structured deep neural network with low complexity
Creators: name: Liao, Siyu
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: Deep Neural Network (DNN) has achieved great success in many fields. However, many DNN models are both deep and large thereby causing high storage and energy consumption during the training and inference phases. As the size of DNNs continues to grow, it is critical to improve computation efficiency and energy consumption while maintaining the corresponding model performance. Various methods have been proposed for compressing DNN models, which can be categorized into three different levels, model level, structure level, and weight level. This thesis focuses on structure enforcing compression algorithm and embedding quantization method which aims at:i)less storage and computation complexity, ii)easier hardware implementation because of structured memory access pattern, iii)natural language processing oriented embedding binarization. The first chapter introduces the motivation of this dissertation in detail. Chapter 2 goes over the background and the related work about compressing deep neural network. Chapter 3, Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 presents proposed compression methods for fully connected layer, convolution layer and embedding layer. Final chapter 6 discusses possible future directions of this research.
Direct imaging of the band profile in single layer ${\small MoS_2}$ on graphite: quasiparticle energy gap, metallic edge states and edge band bending
Creators: name: Zhang, Chendong
name: Johnson, Amber
name: Hsu, Chang-Lung
name: Li, Lain-Jong
name: Shih, Chih-Kang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy, we probe the electronic structures of single layer ${\small MoS_2}$ on graphite. We show that the quasiparticle energy gap of single layer ${\small MoS_2}$ is 2.15 $\pm$ 0.07 eV at 77 K. Combining with temperature dependent photoluminescence studies, we deduce an exciton binding energy of 0.22 $\pm$ 0.1 eV, a value that is much lower than current theoretical predictions. Consistent with theoretical predictions we directly observed metallic edge states of single layer ${\small MoS_2}$. In the bulk region of ${\small MoS_2}$, the Fermi level is located at 1.8 eV above the valence band maximum, possibly due to the formation of a graphite/${\small MoS_2}$ heterojunction. At the edge, however, we observe an upward band bending of 0.6 eV within a short depletion length of about 5 nm, analogous to the phenomena of Fermi level pinning of a 3D semiconductor by metallic surface states.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures
title: Residential child care practitioners in autism-specific units : the perceptions of potential staff and newly recruited current practitioners
Creators: name: Stevens, Irene
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2011

description: This paper presents findings about the beliefs and experiences of potential and current residential child care practitioners who work with children affected by autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Some children and young people affected by ASD live in residential care. This can be a residential school’s short break service or long-term home. Residential child care practitioners are those who provide direct care, 24 hours a day, for the young people who live in these facilities. In Scotland, such practitioners are required to be registered for practice and provide a vital service to this group of young people.
Финансово—экономический журнал,Выпуск 13 (МНКАВ) 2022
Creators: name: ООО "Институт развития образования и консалтинга"
Publisher: name: ООО "Институт развития образования и консалтинга"
Year: 2022

description: Финансово—экономический журнал,Выпуск 13 (МНКАВ) 2022
Review on exact and perturbative deformations of the Einstein-Straus model: uniqueness and rigidity results
Creators: name: Mars, Marc
name: Mena, Filipe C.
name: Vera, Raül
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Einstein-Straus model consists of a Schwarzschild spherical vacuole in a Friedman-Lema\^ıtre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) dust spacetime (with or without Λ). It constitutes the most widely accepted model to answer the question of the influence of large scale (cosmological) dynamics on local systems. The conclusion drawn by the model is that there is no influence from the cosmic background, since the spherical vacuole is static. Spherical generalizations to other interior matter models are commonly used in the construction of lumpy inhomogeneous cosmological models. On the other hand, the model has proven to be reluctant to admit non-spherical generalizations. In this review, we summarize the known uniqueness results for this model. These seem to indicate that the only reasonable and realistic non-spherical deformations of the Einstein-Straus model require perturbing the FLRW background. We review results about linear perturbations of the Einstein-Straus model, where the perturbations in the vacuole are assumed to be stationary and axially symmetric so as to describe regions (voids in particular) in which the matter has reached an equilibrium regime.
description: 29 pages, 1 figure
ACTIVATION PRIMITIVE-DRIVEN MUSCULOSKELETAL MODELLING OF HUMAN LOCOMOTION: TOWARDS MODEL-BASED CONTROL OF BIONIC LEGS
Creators: name: Damonte, Federica
name: Durandau, Guillaume
name: Sartori, Massimo
name: Van Der Kooij, Herman
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Powered prostheses have the potential to improve the quality of life of lower limb amputees, by improving their mobility . Myoelectric control systems that employ electromyograms (EMGs) as driving control signal have shown promising performances . However, EMG electrodes are susceptible to noise and movement artefact and may decrease myocontrolled prostheses overall robustness and stability. EMG-dependence in prosthetic controllers can be relaxed by exploiting the concept of muscle synergy and modularity.
 We propose a solution based on neuromusculoskeletal modelling including a numerical model that simulates the role of neural synergies in the recruitment of skeletal muscles. The aim is to devise advanced model-based control strategies with minimal EMG-dependence to ultimately improve physical interaction between the user and a powered prostheses during dynamic motor tasks.
MPEC 2023-V117 : 2023 VN3
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 VN3

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
On the Stable Numerical Approximation of Two-Phase Flow with Insoluble Surfactant
Creators: name: Barrett, John W.
name: Garcke, Harald
name: Nürnberg, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a parametric finite element approximation of two-phase flow with insoluble surfactant. This free boundary problem is given by the Navier--Stokes equations for the two-phase flow in the bulk, which are coupled to the transport equation for the insoluble surfactant on the interface that separates the two phases. We combine the evolving surface finite element method with an approach previously introduced by the authors for two-phase Navier--Stokes flow, which maintains good mesh properties. The derived finite element approximation of two-phase flow with insoluble surfactant can be shown to be stable. Several numerical simulations demonstrate the practicality of our numerical method.
description: 47 pages, 20 figures
Transverse Momentum Distributions of Identified Particles in p-Pb Collisions at $\mathrm{\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02\ TeV}$
Creators: name: Anielski, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transverse momentum ($p_{\mathrm{T}}$) distributions of identified hadrons produced in p-Pb collisions at $\mathrm{\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02\ TeV}$ have been measured at mid-rapidity (0 $< y_{\mathrm{CMS}}
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of the Strangeness in Quark Matter Conference (SQM 2013), 22nd - 27th July 2013, published by the Open Access Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS), in the IOP conference series
Analysis of groundwater dynamics in the complex aquifer system of Kazan Trona, Turkey, using environmental tracers and noble gases
Creators: name: Arslan, Sebnem
name: Yazicigil, Hasan
name: Stute, Martin
name: Schlosser, Peter
name: Smethie Jr., William Massie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Groundwater--Management
subject: Groundwater tracers
subject: Trona mines and mining--Environmental aspects
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Hydrology
subject: Geochemistry

description: The Eocene deposits of Kazan Basin in Turkey contain a rare trona mineral which is planned to be extracted by solution mining. The complex flow dynamics and mixing mechanisms as noted from previous hydraulic and hydrochemical data need to be augmented with environmental tracer and noble gas data to develop a conceptual model of the system for the assessment of the impacts of the mining and to develop sustainable groundwater management policies throughout the area. The tracers used include the stable isotopes of water (δ²H, δ¹⁸O), δ¹³C and ¹⁴C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), tritium (³H), the chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11 and CFC-12, and the noble gases He and Ne. The system studied consists of three aquifers: shallow, middle, and deep. CFC data indicate modern recharge in the shallow system. The estimates of ages through ¹⁴C dating for the deeper aquifer system are up to 34,000 years. Helium concentrations cover a wide range of values from 5 × 10⁻⁸ to 1.5 × 10⁻⁵ cm³ STP/g. ³He/⁴He ratios vary from 0.09R_A to 1.29R_A (where R_A is the atmospheric ³He/4He ratio of 1.384 × 10⁻⁶), the highest found in water from the shallow aquifer. Mantle-derived 3He is present in some of the samples indicating upward groundwater movement, possibly along a NE–SW-striking fault-like feature in the basin.
Measurement of associated production of Z bosons with charm quark jets in ppbar collisions at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV
Creators: name: The D0 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first measurements of the ratios of cross sections, σ(ppbar -> Z+c jet)/σ(ppbar -> Z+jet) and σ(ppbar -> Z+c jet)/σ(ppbar -> Z+b jet) for the associated production of a Z boson with at least one charm or bottom quark jet. Jets have transverse momentum p_{T}>20 GeV and pseudorapidity |η|<2.5. These cross section ratios are measured differentially as a function of jet and $Z$ boson transverse momenta, based on 9.7 fb^{-1} of ppbar collisions collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV. The measurements show significant deviations from perturbative QCD calculations and predictions from various event generators.
description: submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
The Structure of Di-Substituted Derivatives of Phenyl Sulfone
Creators: name: Bowman, Robert Barkley
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1926
Subjects: Physics and Chemistry
Physics

description: Phenyl sulfone may be considered a dephenyl derivative of sulfuric acid, in which two of the DH groups of the acid are replaced by phenyl groups.  It is also called dephenyl sulfone, and in German "sulfobenzid," but in this paper it will always be referred to as phenyl sulfone.  It is formed in appreciable quantities as a by-product in the sulfonation of benzene, especially when very concentrated acid is used.  Perhaps the best method of preparing it for laboratory use is by the Friedel-Crafts synthesis, in which the chloride of benzene sulfonic acid and benzene condense in the presence of aluminum chloride.

Substituted phenyl sulfones are produced either by the direct substitution of the hydrogen atoms in the benzene rings, or through the action of sulfuric anhydride on substituted benzenes.  Thus phenol and sulfur trioxide yield dihydroxy phenyl sulfone; brombenzine and sulfur trioxide yield dibrom phenyl sulfone, etc.  Chlorine may be directly substituted under certain conditions, and the nitro and sulfonic acid derivatives may be directly produced by the action of a mixture of fuming nitric and fuming sulfuric acids, and of chlorsulfonic acid, respectively.

After the war considerable quantities of phenyl sulfone were left over from the various industrial processes, and the problem of its use became of importance.  This need for a use to which the excess product could be put led M. E. Granmougin to prepare a great many derivatives of the substance with the hope of being able to apply some of them in the dye industry.  He based his structures on an assumption, which although it may be correct, cannot be said to absolutely justified.  Several other investigators had worked with the directly substituted derivatives of phenyl sulfone, but in no case had the structure of the disubstituted products been unquestionably determined by actually splitting apart the two rings and determining the structure of the resulting products.

It has always been assumed that these products have a symmetrical constitution.  This assumption seems to be justified in that both the phenyl groups are equivalent, and should be subject to the same directing influence of the SO2 group.  It has also been assumed that all of the products formed with the aid of substituted benzenes conform to that constitution which the directing influence of the substituted benzene group would call for.
Variability in surface ozone background over the United States: Implications for air quality policy
Creators: name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Jacob, Daniel J.
name: Liu, Hongyu
name: Yantosca, R. M.
name: Fairlie, T. D.
name: Li, Q.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Tropospheric chemistry
Air quality--Standards
Ozone
Meteorology
Climatic changes
Atmospheric chemistry

description: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) presently uses a 40 ppbv background O3 level as a baseline in its O3 risk assessments. This background is defined as those concentrations that would exist in the absence of North American emissions. Lefohn et al. [2001] have argued that frequent occurrences of O3 concentrations above 50–60 ppbv at remote northern U.S. sites in spring are of stratospheric origin, challenging the EPA background estimate and implying that the current O3 standard (84 ppbv, 8-hour average) may be unattainable. We show that a 3-D global model of tropospheric chemistry reproduces much of the observed variability in U.S. surface O3 concentrations, including the springtime high-O3 events, with only a minor stratospheric contribution (always <20 ppbv). We conclude that the previous interpretations of a stratospheric source for these events underestimated the role of regional and hemispheric pollution. While stratospheric intrusions might occasionally elevate surface O3 at high-altitude sites, our results indicate that these events are rare and would not compromise the O3 air quality standard. We find that the O3 background is generally 15–35 ppbv, with some incidences of 40–50 ppbv in the west in spring at high-elevation sites (>2 km). It declines from spring to summer and further decreases during O3 pollution episodes. The 40 ppbv background assumed by EPA thus actually underestimates the risk associated with O3 during polluted conditions. A better definition would represent background as a function of season, altitude, and total surface O3 concentration. Natural O3 levels are typically 10–25 ppbv and never exceed 40 ppbv. International controls to reduce the hemispheric pollution background would facilitate compliance with an AOT40-type standard (cumulative exposure to O3 above 40 ppbv) in the United States.
Complex Langevin Dynamics for chiral Random Matrix Theory
Creators: name: Mollgaard, A.
name: Splittorff, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply complex Langevin dynamics to chiral random matrix theory at nonzero chemical potential. At large quark mass the simulations agree with the analytical results while incorrect convergence is found for small quark masses. The region of quark masses for which the complex Langevin dynamics converges incorrectly is identified as the region where the fermion determinant frequently traces out a path surrounding the origin of the complex plane during the Langevin flow. This links the incorrect convergence to an ambiguity in the Langevin force due to the presence of the logarithm of the fermion determinant in the action.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures
Application of empirical orthogonal functions to evaluate ozone simulations with regional and global models
Creators: name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Mathur, Rohit
name: Martin, Randall V.
name: Jacob, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Tropospheric chemistry
Functions, Orthogonal
Satellite meteorology--Data processing
Ozone
Meteorology
Climatic changes
Atmospheric chemistry

description: Empirical orthogonal functions are used together with standard statistical metrics to evaluate the ability of models with different spatial resolutions to reproduce observed patterns of surface ozone (O3) in the eastern United States in the summer of 1995. We examine simulations with the regional Multiscale Air Quality Simulation Platform model (horizontal resolution of 36 km2) and the global GEOS-CHEM model (2° × 2.5° and 4° × 5°). As the model resolution coarsens, the ability to resolve local O3 maxima (O3 ≥ 90 ppbv) is compromised, but the spatial correlation improves. This result shows that synoptic-scale processes modulating O3 concentrations are easier to capture in models than processes occurring on smaller scales. Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) derived from the observed O3 fields reveal similar modes of variability when averaged onto the three model horizontal resolutions. The EOFs appear to represent (1) an east-west pattern associated with frontal passages, (2) a midwest-northeast pattern associated with migratory high-pressure systems, and (3) a southeast stagnation pattern linked to westward extension of the Bermuda High. All models capture the east-west and southeast EOFs, but the midwest-northeast EOF is misplaced in GEOS-CHEM. GEOS-CHEM captures the principal components of the observational EOFs when the model fields are projected onto these EOFs, implying that it can resolve the contribution of the EOFs to the observed variance. We conclude that coarse-resolution global models can successfully simulate the synoptic conditions leading to high-O3 episodes in the eastern United States.
Supplemental Figures from Convergence of gut microbiota in myrmecophagous amphibians
Creators: name: Brunetti, Andrés E.
name: Lyra, Mariana L.
name: Monteiro, Juliane P. C.
name: Zurano, Juan P.
name: Baldo, Diego
name: Haddad, Celio F. B.
name: Moeller, Andrew H.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310499
subject: Evolutionary biology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310799
subject: Microbiology not elsewhere classified

description: The gut microbiome composition of terrestrial vertebrates is known to converge in response to common specialized dietary strategies, like leaf-eating (folivory) or ant- and termite-eating (myrmecophagy). To date, such convergence has been studied in mammals and birds, but has been neglected in amphibians. Here, we analysed 15 anuran species (frogs and toads) representing five Neotropical families and demonstrated the compositional convergence of the gut microbiomes of distantly related myrmecophagous species. Specifically, we found that the gut microbial communities of bufonids and microhylids, which have independently evolved myrmecophagy, were significantly more similar than expected based on their hosts' evolutionary divergence. Conversely, we found that gut microbiome composition was significantly associated with host evolutionary history in some cases. For instance, the microbiome composition of Xenohyla truncata—one of the few known amphibians that eat fruits—was not different from those of closely related tree frogs with an arthropod generalist diet. Bacterial taxa overrepresented in myrmecophagous species relative to other host families include Paludibacter, Treponema, and Rikenellaceae, suggesting diet-mediated selection and prey-to-predator transmission likely driving the observed compositional convergence. This study provides a basis for examining the roles of the gut microbiome in host tolerance and sequestration of toxic alkaloids from ants and termites.
Mapping isoprene emissions over North America using formaldehyde column observations from space
Creators: name: Palmer, Paul I.
name: Jacob, Daniel J.
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Martin, Randall V.
name: Chance, Kelly
name: Kurosu, Thomas P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Satellite meteorology--Data processing
Isoprene
Tropospheric chemistry
Meteorology
Climatic changes
Atmospheric chemistry

description: We present a methodology for deriving emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) using space-based column observations of formaldehyde (HCHO) and apply it to data from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) satellite instrument over North America during July 1996. The HCHO column is related to local VOC emissions, with a spatial smearing that increases with the VOC lifetime. Isoprene is the dominant HCHO precursor over North America in summer, and its lifetime (≃1 hour) is sufficiently short that the smearing can be neglected. We use the Goddard Earth Observing System global 3-D model of tropospheric chemistry (GEOS-CHEM) to derive the relationship between isoprene emissions and HCHO columns over North America and use these relationships to convert the GOME HCHO columns to isoprene emissions. We also use the GEOS-CHEM model as an intermediary to validate the GOME HCHO column measurements by comparison with in situ observations. The GEOS-CHEM model including the Global Emissions Inventory Activity (GEIA) isoprene emission inventory provides a good simulation of both the GOME data (r2 = 0.69, n = 756, bias = +11%) and the in situ summertime HCHO measurements over North America (r2 = 0.47, n = 10, bias = −3%). The GOME observations show high values over regions of known high isoprene emissions and a day-to-day variability that is consistent with the temperature dependence of isoprene emission. Isoprene emissions inferred from the GOME data are 20% less than GEIA on average over North America and twice those from the U.S. EPA Biogenic Emissions Inventory System (BEIS2) inventory. The GOME isoprene inventory when implemented in the GEOS-CHEM model provides a better simulation of the HCHO in situ measurements than either GEIA or BEIS2 (r2 = 0.71, n = 10, bias = −10%).
Source identities and kernel functions for deformed (quantum) Ruijsenaars models
Creators: name: Atai, F.
name: Hallnäs, M.
name: Langmann, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the relativistic generalization of the quantum $A_{N-1}$ Calogero-Sutherland models due to Ruijsenaars, comprising the rational, hyperbolic, trigonometric and elliptic cases. For each of these cases, we find an exact common eigenfunction for a generalization of Ruijsenaars analytic difference operators that gives, as special cases, many different kernel functions; in particular, we find kernel functions for Chalykh- Feigin-Veselov-Sergeev-type deformations of such difference operators which generalize known kernel functions for the Ruijsenaars models. We also discuss possible applications of our results.
description: 24 pages