cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Phase Diagram of Selenium Adsorbed on the Ni(100) Surface: A Physical Realization of the Ashkin-Teller Model
Creators: name: Bak, Per
name: Kleban, P.
name: Unertl, W. N.
name: Ochab, J.
name: Akinci, G.
name: Bartelt, N. C.
name: Einstein, Theodore L.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 1985

description: We have used electron diffraction to study submonolayers of Se adsorbed on Ni(100); p(2x2), c(2x2), and disordered phases were observed and the boundaries between them located. Symmetry arguments indicate that the phase diagram belongs to the universality class of the Ashkin-Teller model and allow us to predict the critical behavior near the phase boundaries and at the multicritical point where they meet. Our lattice-gas-model calculations support these results. The predicted critical behavior, and thus the universality arguments, should be tested by additional experiments, in particular synchrotron-x-ray diffraction.
Additional file 4: of H3K27 acetylation and gene expression analysis reveals differences in placental chromatin activity in fetal growth restriction
Creators: name: N. Paauw
name: A. Lely
name: J. Joles
name: A. Franx
name: P. Nikkels
name: M. Mokry
name: B. Van Rijn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Pregnancy characteristics of the placenta samples. (DOCX 15 kb)
Inflation and Quintessence: Theoretical Approach of Cosmological Reconstruction
Creators: name: Neupane, Ishwaree P.
name: Scherer, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the first part of this paper, we outline the construction of an inflationary cosmology in the framework where inflation is described by a universally evolving scalar field, with the Lagrangian ${\cal L}_ϕ=-{1/2}(\partialϕ)^2 -V(ϕ)$. By considering a generic situation that inflaton attains a nearly constant velocity, during inflation, $m_P^{-1} (dϕ/dN)\equiv α$ (where $N\equiv \ln a$ is the e-folding time), we find the conditions that have to satisfied by the (reconstructed) scalar potential to be consistent with the WMAP inflationary data. In the second part of this paper, we introduce a novel approach of constructing dark energy within the context of the standard scalar-tensor gravity. The assumption that a scalar field might roll with a nearly constant velocity, during inflation, can also be applied to {\it quintessence} or dark energy models. For the minimally coupled quintessence, $α_Q\equiv dA(Q)/d(κQ)=0$ (where $A(Q)$ is the standard matter-quintessence coupling), the dark energy equation of state in the range $-1\le w_{DE} < -0.82$ can be obtained for $0\le α< 0.63$. For $α<0.1$, the model allows for only modest evolution of dark energy density with redshift. The effect of the matter-quintessence coupling can be significant only if $|α_Q| \gtrsim 0.1$, while a small coupling $|α_Q|< 0.1$ will have almost no effect on cosmological parameters. The best fit value of $α_Q$ in our model is found to be $α_Q \simeq 0.06$, but it may contain significant numerical errors, viz $α_Q=0.06\pm 0.35$, which thereby implies the consistency of our model with general relativity (for which $α_Q=0$) at $1σ$ level.
description: 33 pages, several figures; significant extension (models confronted with data)
A transient low-frequency QPO from the black hole binary GRS 1915+105
Creators: name: Soleri, Paolo
name: Belloni, Tomaso
name: Casella, Piergiorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of the timing analysis of five Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer observations of the Black Hole Candidate GRS 1915+105 between 1996 September and 1997 December. The aim was to investigate the possible presence of a type-B quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO). Since in other systems this QPO is found to appear during spectral transitions from Hard to Soft states, we analyzed observations characterized by a fast and strong variability, in order to have a large number of transitions. In GRS 1915+105, transitions occur on very short time scales (~ sec): to single them out we averaged Power Density Spectra following the regular path covered by the source on a 3D Hardness-Hardness-Intensity Diagram. We identified both the type-C and the type-B quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs): this is the first detection of a type-B QPO in GRS 1915+105. As the spectral transitions have been associated to the emission and collimation of relativistic radio-jets, their presence in the prototypical galactic jet source strengthens this connection.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication on MNRAS
NATIVE AND NONNATIVE PLANT COLONIZATION IN PITS AND ADJACENT BLOWDOWN AREA AFTER A HURRICANE
Creators: name: McNett, Hannah S.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2006

description: Soil disturbance from hurricane blowdowns may contribute to an increase in nonnative plant species invasion. Two years after a wind disturbance in a Mid-Atlantic hardwood forest, I compared fifty-two, 1.0 m x 0.5 m tree blowdown pit plots and paired nonpit plots for plant percent cover. Native plant species were not able to colonize pit plots as well as they could colonize nonpit plots. However, nonnative species achieved comparable percent cover in pit as well as nonpit plots. Relatively greater cover percentages of nonnative compared to native plant species were-present in the disturbed soil of the pit plots. Although light levels were higher at 2 m above soil than at 10 cm above soil, light did not have significant effects on percent cover of native or nonnative species in pit or nonpit plots. The percent cover of nonnative species was significantly higher if coarse woody debris were present. Variables also tested but not found to have significant effects on native versus nonnative species included: distance from each pit center and distance between paired nonpit plot, blow down tree species, and blow down tree diameter at breast height. Most plant species in both pit and nonpit plots had a perennial life history. Nonnative plant species that can initially colonize in wind disturbed environments may disrupt forest succession dynamics.
Categories of Empirical Models
Creators: name: Karvonen, Martti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A notion of morphism that is suitable for the sheaf-theoretic approach to contextuality is developed, resulting in a resource theory for contextuality. The key features involve using an underlying relation rather than a function between measurement scenarios, and allowing for stochastic mappings of outcomes to outcomes. This formalizes an intuitive idea of using one empirical model to simulate another one with the help of pre-shared classical randomness. This allows one to reinterpret concepts and earlier results in terms of morphisms. Most notably: non-contextual models are precisely those allowing a morphism from the terminal object; contextual fraction is functorial; Graham-reductions induce morphisms, reinterpreting Vorob'evs theorem; contextual models cannot be cloned.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2018, arXiv:1901.09476
title: The pulsar B2224+65 and its jets: a two epoch X-ray analysis
Creators: name: Johnson, SP
name: Wang, QD
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: * pulsars: individual: B2224+65; * ISM: individual objects: Guitar nebula; * ISM: kinematics and dynamics; * X-rays: ISM; * X-rays: stars
subject: Astrophysics and Astronomy

description: This is the pre-published version harvested from ArXiv. The published version is located at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17200.x/abstract
description: We present an X-ray morphological and spectroscopic study of the pulsar B2224+65 and its apparent jet-like X-ray features based on two epoch Chandra observations. The main X-ray feature, which shows a large directional offset from the ram-pressure confined pulsar wind nebula (Guitar nebula), is broader in apparent width and shows evidence for spectral hardening (at 95 per cent confidence) in the second epoch compared to the first. Furthermore, the sharp leading edge of the feature is found to have a proper motion consistent with that of the pulsar (∼180 mas yr−1). The combined data set also provides evidence for the presence of a counter feature, albeit substantially fainter and shorter than the main one. Additional spectral trends along the major and minor axes of the feature are only marginally detected in the two epoch data, including softening counter to the direction of proper motion. Possible explanations for the X-ray features include diffuse energetic particles being confined by an organized ambient magnetic field as well as a simple ballistic jet interpretation; however, the former may have difficulty in explaining observed spectral trends between epochs and along the feature's major axis, whereas the latter may struggle to elucidate its linearity. Given the low counting statistics available in the two epoch observations, it remains difficult to determine a physical production scenario for these enigmatic X-ray emitting features with any certainty.
Genetic Analysis of Populations of the Cownose Ray, Rhinoptera bonasus in the Chesapeake Bay and Florida Coast
Creators: name: McVeigh, Doreen M.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2012

description: In the spring and early summer, large schools of cownose rays, Rhinoptera bonasus, migrate into the Chesapeake Bay to forage, give birth to pups, and breed. Rays move throughout the meso- and polyhaline portions of the Bay, but it is not currently known if they form genetically isolated subpopulations during this time. I analyzed DNA sequence variation from portions of two variable mitochondrial genes cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase I in samples collected from two sites in the Chesapeake Bay (St. George Island, MD, and Reedville, VA) and from Tampa Bay, FL. Tooth series were also recorded for both sites in the Bay, as it has been reported as a method to distinguish between two species, R. bonasus and a species normally found off the coast of Brazil, R. brasiliensis. Results show that there is a statistically significant (p <0.05) difference in the distribution of haplotypes between the two Bay subpopulations as well as a difference between Chesapeake and Tampa Bay populations. The Florida and Reedville population share a haplotype that is present in substantial frequencies (34% and 23%, respectively) but absent from the St. George Island population. These results suggest that the two Chesapeake locations attract different southern source populations each summer. The tooth series data in conjunction with the haplotype results suggest that it is not a reliable feature to distinguish between R. bonasus and R. brasiliensis. Portions of three mitochondrial genes were sequenced to characterize the evolutionary relationship of Rhinopera bonasus to other Chondrichthyans. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using Neighbor-Joining methods for the 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and NADH-2 genes. Results confirm that Rhinoptera bonasus is most closely related to other species in order the Myliobatiformes.
Theory and feasibility of using low-energy electron diffraction to study specific-heat anomalies at surface phase transitions
Creators: name: Bartelt, N. C.
name: Einstein, Theodore L.
name: Roelofs, L. D.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 1985

description: We expound the idea that as a probe of short-range order, low-energy electron diffraction can be used to study the energy singularity associated with surface phase transitions. We demonstrate its feasibility by performing Monte Carlo simulations on two triangular lattice gases with second-order transitions in universality classes distinguished by the critical exponent a.
Additional file 1: of Tailoring and evaluating an intervention to improve shared decision-making among seniors with dementia, their caregivers, and healthcare providers: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Anik Giguere
name: Moulikatou Lawani
name: Émilie Fortier-Brochu
name: Pierre-Hugues Carmichael
name: Légaré, France
name: Kröger, Edeltraut
name: Witteman, Holly
name: Voyer, Philippe
name: Caron, Danielle
name: Charo Rodríguez
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: SPIRIT 2013 Checklist with the items addressed in the clinical trial protocol and related documents*. (DOC 137 kb)
On a rigidity condition for Berwald Spaces
Creators: name: Torrome, Ricardo Gallego
name: Etayo, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C60, 53C05

description: We show that which that for a Berwald structure, any Riemannian structure that is preserved by the Berwald connection leaves the indicatrix invariant under horizontal parallel transport. We also obtain the converse result: if $({\bf M},F)$ is a Finsler structure such that there exists a Riemannian structure that leaves invariant the indicatrix under parallel transport of the associated Levi-Civita connection, then the structure $({\bf M},F)$ is Berwald. As application, a necessary condition for pure Landsberg spaces is formulated. Using this criterion we provide an strategy to solve the existence or not of pure Landsberg surfaces
description: 19 pages; version acepted for publication in RACSAM
Scintillation characteristics of a NaI(Tl) crystal at low-temperature with silicon photomultiplier
Creators: name: Lee, H. Y.
name: Jeon, J. A.
name: Kim, K. W.
name: Kim, W. K.
name: Lee, H. S.
name: Lee, M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scintillation characteristics of a thallium doped sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) crystal with a dimension of 0.6 x 0.6 x 2 cm3 are studied by attaching a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) direct to the crystal over a temperature range from 93 to 300 K. The scintillation light output and decay time are measured by irradiating 59.54 keV gamma-rays from a 241Am source. We observed approximately 20% increase in light yield at 230K compared to that at the room temperature. At this condition, the NaI(Tl) crystal coupled with the SiPM can be a good candidate for future dark matter search detector.
A Model of Nuclear Recoil Scintillation Efficiency in Noble Liquids
Creators: name: Mei, D. -M.
name: Yin, Z. -B.
name: Stonehill, L. C.
name: Hime, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scintillation efficiency of low-energy nuclear recoils in noble liquids plays a crucial role in interpreting results from some direct searches for Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter. However, the cause of a reduced scintillation efficiency relative to electronic recoils in noble liquids remains unclear at the moment. We attribute such a reduction of scintillation efficiency to two major mechanisms: 1) energy loss and 2) scintillation quenching. The former is commonly described by Lindhard's theory and the latter by Birk's saturation law. We propose to combine these two to explain the observed reduction of scintillation yield for nuclear recoils in noble liquids. Birk's constants $kB$ for argon, neon and xenon determined from existing data are used to predict noble liquid scintillator's response to low-energy nuclear recoils and low-energy electrons. We find that energy loss due to nuclear stopping power that contributes little to ionization and excitation is the dominant reduction mechanism in scintillation efficiency for nuclear recoils, but that significant additional quenching results from the nonlinear response of scintillation to the ionization density.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures
Two-dimensional ordering of chlorine on Ag(100)
Creators: name: Taylor, David E.
name: Williams, Ellen D.
name: Park, Robert L.
name: Bartelt, N. C.
name: Einstein, Theodore L.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 1985

description: Chlorine adsorption on Ag(100) saturates at (1/2) monolayer (ML) in a c(2x2) structure. Desorption occurs above 650 K without disordering. The sticking coefficient remains constant to within 0.05 ML of saturation, consistent with the existence of a highly mobile precursor to adsorption. The c(2x2) structure forms at a critical coverage of 0.394+-0.007 ML at room temperature. This is slightly higher than the critical coverage of the hard-square model (0.368 ML), suggesting the influence of further-neighbor interactions.
ANALYSIS OF SHORT TANDEM REPEAT MARKERS FOR AUTHENTICATION OF NON-HUMAN PRIMATE SAMPLES
Creators: name: Meade, Allison C.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2015

description: Cell line contamination continues to be an issue in molecular biology even with publications that inform scientists about the importance of cell line authentication as well as the publications that identify misidentified cell lines (Stacey 2000). Therefore, scientists continue to publish papers that misrepresent data that could affect downstream research and the pharmaceutical industry in areas such as drug and vaccine development (ATCC 2012a). The state of art technology, short tandem repeat (STR) analysis can be used to authenticate human cell lines and there are multiple databases that record contaminated cell lines to educate scientist about the problems in cell culture. This technology however has not been applied to authenticate non-human primate (NHP) cell lines, which may contaminate human cell lines or other NHP lines almost as often as human cell lines are contaminated. Not only are non-human primate cell lines essential tools in biomedical research, but they also are used as an in vitro model to study human genetic diseases such as cancer. In addition to cell lines, non-human primates from biomedical research animal colonies are also used as a model organism for human diseases because of genetic conservation. Therefore, without proper testing to identify and distinguish NHP cell lines and primary samples time, labor, and materials can be wasted.
Additive Extensions of a Quantum Channel
Creators: name: Smith, Graeme
name: Smolin, John A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study extensions of a quantum channel whose one-way capacities are described by a single-letter formula. This provides a simple technique for generating powerful upper bounds on the capacities of a general quantum channel. We apply this technique to two qubit channels of particular interest--the depolarizing channel and the channel with independent phase and amplitude noise. Our study of the latter demonstrates that the key rate of BB84 with one-way post-processing and quantum bit error rate q cannot exceed H(1/2-2q(1-q)) - H(2q(1-q)).
description: 6 pages, one figure
LAND COVER AS AN INDICATOR OF AMPHIBIAN SPECIES RICHNESS IN FREDERICK COUNTY, MARYLAND WETLANDS
Creators: name: Michael, Evelyn M.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014

description: Amphibians are often used as environmental indicators because their populations are affected when there are undesirable environmental conditions present. Amphibian species richness at 14 wetland sites in Frederick County, Maryland was observed for five years. A 200-m buffer of the adjacent land cover around wetland sites was manually digitized into land covers as agriculture, impervious, lawn, natural cover, or water using ArcMapᵀᴹ 10.1. The amount of each land cover type was compared to amphibian species richness found at each wetland site. The area of natural cover was significant in predicting amphibian species richness at wetlands. Agriculture, impervious, and lawn covers correlated negatively with amphibian species richness while natural cover and water correlated positively.
Effect of electron-electron interaction on the Fermi surface topology of doped graphene
Creators: name: Roldan, R.
name: Lopez-Sancho, M. P.
name: Guinea, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electron-electron interactions effects on the shape of the Fermi surface of doped graphene are investigated. The actual discrete nature of the lattice is fully taken into account. A $π$-band tight-binding model, with nearest-neighbor hopping integrals, is considered. We calculate the self-energy corrections at zero temperature. Long and short range Coulomb interactions are included. The exchange self-energy corrections for graphene preserve the trigonal warping of the Fermi surface topology, although rounding the triangular shape. The band velocity is renormalized to higher value. Corrections induced by a local Coulomb interaction, calculated by second order perturbation theory, do deform anisotropically the Fermi surface shape. Results are compared to experimental observations and to other theoretical results.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Transfer-matrix approach to estimating coverage discontinuities and multicritical-point positions in two-dimensional lattice-gas phase diagrams
Creators: name: Bartelt, N. C.
name: Einstein, Theodore L.
name: Roelofs, L. D.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 1986

description: We present a method of computing coverage discontinuities in two-dimensional lattice-gas phase diagrams using transfer matrices. By applying the method to Baxter’s generalized hard-square model, we find good agreement with exact results. This method also can be used to estimate the position of multicritical points, and we again find good agreement with exact results and with previous work on the Ising metamagnet. We discuss the transfer-matrix eigenvalue spectrum around an Ising tricritical point and verify the prediction of conformal invariance that the finite-size scaling behavior of each of the leading eigenvalues is governed by a different critical exponent at the critical point. We show numerically that the finite-size convergence of the free energy at the (Ising-like) tricritical point of Baxter’s model is consistent with a conformal anomaly of (7/10). We show that the justification of a commonly used method to locate multicritical points using simultaneous scaling of the correlation length and the "persistence length" is misleading. Finally we suggest a method of estimating the position of multicritical points using information from only one strip width.
High accuracy simulations of Kerr tails: coordinate dependence and higher multipoles
Creators: name: Tiglio, Manuel
name: Kidder, Lawrence
name: Teukolsky, Saul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the late time behavior of a scalar field on a fixed Kerr background using a 2+1 dimensional pseudospectral evolution code. We compare evolutions of pure axisymmetric multipoles in both Kerr-Schild and Boyer-Lindquist coordinates. We find that the late-time power-law decay rate depends upon the slicing of the background, confirming previous theoretical predictions for those decay rates. The accuracy of the numerical evolutions is sufficient to decide unambiguously between competing claims in the literature.
NNLO Virtual corrections to W+ W- production at the LHC
Creators: name: Chachamis, Grigorios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a recent calculation of the two-loop virtual QCD corrections to the W boson pair production in the quark-anti-quark-annihilation channel in the limit where all kinematical invariants are large compared to the mass of the W boson. Our result is exact up to terms suppressed by powers of the W boson mass. The infrared pole structure is in agreement with the prediction of Catani's general formalism for the singularities of two-loop QCD amplitudes.
description: Presented at 31st International Conference of Theoretical Physics: Matter to the Deepest: Recent Development in Physics of Fundamental Interactions, Ustron, Katowice, Poland, 5-11 Sep 2007
Additional file 1: of Targeting ERBB2 mutations in solid tumors: biological and clinical implications
Creators: name: Cousin, Sophie
name: Khalifa, Emmanuel
name: Crombe, Amandine
name: YechâAn Laizet
name: Lucchesi, Carlo
name: Toulmonde, Maud
name: Moulec, Sylvestre Le
name: CĂŠline Auzanneau
name: Soubeyran, Isabelle
name: Italiano, Antoine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Methods and Results. (DOCX 622 kb)
title: The Origin of the Dust Arch in the Halo of NGC 4631: An Expanding Superbubble?
Creators: name: Taylor, CL
name: Wang, QD
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: galaxies: individual (NGC 4631); galaxies: ISM; galaxies: spiral; radio lines: general
subject: Astrophysics and Astronomy

description: This is the pre-published version harvested from ArXiv. The published version is located at http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-3881/125/3/1204/
description: We study the nature and the origin of the dust arch in the halo of the edge-on galaxy NGC 4631 detected by Neininger & Dumke. We present CO observations made using the new on-the-fly mapping mode with the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory 14 m telescope and find no evidence for CO emission associated with the dust arch. Our examination of previously published H I data shows that, if previous assumptions about the dust temperature and gas/dust ratio are correct, then there must be molecular gas associated with the arch, below our detection threshold. If this is true, then the molecular mass associated with the dust arch is between 1.5 × 108 M and 9.7 × 108 M, and likely toward the low end of the range. A consequence of this is that the maximum allowed value for the CO-to-H2 conversion factor is 6.5 times the Galactic value, but most likely closer to the Galactic value. The kinematics of the H I apparently associated with the dust arch reveals that the gas here is not part of an expanding shell or outflow but is instead two separate features (a tidal arm and a plume of H I sticking out into the halo) that are seen projected together and appear as a shell. Thus there is no connection between the dust "arch" and the hot X-ray–emitting gas that appears to surround the galaxy.
Additional file 2: of The study protocol for PREDICT AF RECURRENCE: a PRospEctive cohort stuDy of surveIllanCe for perioperaTive Atrial Fibrillation RECURRENCE in major non-cardiac surgery for malignancy
Creators: name: Higuchi, Satoshi
name: Kabeya, Yusuke
name: Matsushita, Kenichi
name: Keisei Tachibana
name: Riken Kawachi
name: Takei, Hidefumi
name: Suzuki, Yutaka
name: Nobutsugu Abe
name: Yorihisa Imanishi
name: Moriyama, Kiyoshi
name: Yorozu, Tomoko
name: Saito, Koichiro
name: Sugiyama, Masanori
name: Kondo, Haruhiko
name: Yoshino, Hideaki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: “Definition of outcome” and “Details of SPIDER FLASH-t AFib®”. (DOCX 19 kb)
Limited capability of MRI radiomics to predict primary tumor histology of brain metastases in external validation
Creators: name: Strotzer, Quirin David
name: Wagner, Thomas
name: Angstwurm, Pia
name: Hense, Katharina
name: Scheuermeyer, Lucca
name: Noeva, Ekaterina
name: Dinkel, Johannes
name: Stroszczynski, Christian
name: Fellner, Claudia
name: Riemenschneider, Markus J.
name: Rosengarth, Katharina
name: Pukrop, Tobias
name: Wiesinger, Isabel
name: Wendl, Christina
name: Schicho, Andreas
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: artificial intelligence, brain metastasis, machine learning, radiomics
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background

Growing research demonstrates the ability to predict histology or genetic information of various malignancies using radiomic features extracted from imaging data. This study aimed to investigate MRI-based radiomics in predicting the primary tumor of brain metastases through internal and external validation, using oversampling techniques to address the class imbalance.
Methods

This IRB-approved retrospective multicenter study included brain metastases from lung cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and a combined heterogenous group of other primary entities (5-class classification). Local data were acquired between 2003 and 2021 from 231 patients (545 metastases). External validation was performed with 82 patients (280 metastases) and 258 patients (809 metastases) from the publicly available Stanford BrainMetShare and the University of California San Francisco Brain Metastases Stereotactic Radiosurgery datasets, respectively. Preprocessing included brain extraction, bias correction, coregistration, intensity normalization, and semi-manual binary tumor segmentation. Two-thousand five hundred and twenty-eight radiomic features were extracted from T1w (± contrast), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and wavelet transforms for each sequence (8 decompositions). Random forest classifiers were trained with selected features on original and oversampled data (5-fold cross-validation) and evaluated on internal/external holdout test sets using accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC).
Results

Oversampling did not improve the overall unsatisfactory performance on the internal and external test sets. Incorrect data partitioning (oversampling before train/validation/test split) leads to a massive overestimation of model performance.
Conclusions

Radiomics models’ capability to predict histologic or genomic data from imaging should be critically assessed; external validation is essential.
Comment on "Reliability of low-energy electron diffraction for studies of surface order-disorder phenomena"
Creators: name: Bartelt, N. C.
name: Einstein, Theodore L.
name: Roelofs, L. D.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 1986

description: A Comment on the Letter by W. Moritz and M. G. Lagally, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 865 (1986).
IDENTIFICATION OF CD90 POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CELLS AND ELIMINATION OF CONTAMINATING FIBROBLASTS FROM HUMAN PRIMARY CELL CULTURES
Creators: name: Milewski, Lynn
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2008

description: Cluster Differentiation 90 (CD90) is a cell surface glycoprotein originally identified on mouse thymocytes. Although CD90 has been identified on a variety of stem cells and at varying levels in non-lymphoid tissues such as on fibroblasts, brain cells, and activated endothelial cells, the knowledge about the levels of CD90 expression on different cell types, including human primary cells, is limited. This study was designed to identify expression of CD90 on a panel of human primary cells by flow cytometry. Human Corneal Epithelial Cells (CEC), Human Retinal Pigmented Epithelial (RPE) cells, Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes (NHEK), Normal Human Bronchial Epithelial (NHBE) cells, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC), Uterine Smooth Muscle Cells (UtSMC), and Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells (PASMC) were analyzed for CD90 expression. CD90 was positively expressed on UtSMC. Non-activated HUVEC, NHEK, NHBE and PASMC were negative for CD90 expression. RPE had varying levels of CD90 expression and were neither positive nor negative. CEC were mixed for CD90 positivity, due to fibroblast contaminants in the culture. Three methods were tested to find an efficient and reliable means of eliminating unwanted or contaminating fibroblasts from human primary cell cultures including: Trypsin-EDTA selective detachment, growth medium with and without fetal bovine serum, and cell separation using anti-CD90 monoclonal antibody (MAb) bound to magnetic beads. The magnetic bead cell separation method provided the most reliable results, yielding clean, fibroblast- free cultures. The goal of this thesis was to identify CD90 as a human primary cell biomarker and to find an efficient and reliable method for eliminating unwanted or contaminating fibroblasts from human primary cell cultures suitable for research pursuant to cell based therapy technologies.
Europium, Samarium, and Neodymium Isotopic Fractions in Metal-Poor Stars
Creators: name: Roederer, Ian U.
name: Lawler, James E.
name: Sneden, Christopher
name: Cowan, John J.
name: Sobeck, Jennifer S.
name: Pilachowski, Catherine A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have derived isotopic fractions of europium, samarium, and neodymium in two metal-poor giants with differing neutron-capture nucleosynthetic histories. These isotopic fractions were measured from new high resolution (R ~ 120,000), high signal-to-noise (S/N ~ 160-1000) spectra obtained with the 2dCoude spectrograph of McDonald Observatory's 2.7m Smith telescope. Synthetic spectra were generated using recent high-precision laboratory measurements of hyperfine and isotopic subcomponents of several transitions of these elements and matched quantitatively to the observed spectra. We interpret our isotopic fractions by the nucleosynthesis predictions of the stellar model, which reproduces s-process nucleosynthesis from the physical conditions expected in low-mass, thermally-pulsing stars on the AGB, and the classical method, which approximates s-process nucleosynthesis by a steady neutron flux impinging upon Fe-peak seed nuclei. Our Eu isotopic fraction in HD 175305 is consistent with an r-process origin by the classical method and is consistent with either an r- or an s-process origin by the stellar model. Our Sm isotopic fraction in HD 175305 suggests a predominantly r-process origin, and our Sm isotopic fraction in HD 196944 is consistent with an s-process origin. The Nd isotopic fractions, while consistent with either r-process or s-process origins, have very little ability to distinguish between any physical values for the isotopic fraction in either star. This study for the first time extends the n-capture origin of multiple rare earths in metal-poor stars from elemental abundances to the isotopic level, strengthening the r-process interpretation for HD 175305 and the s-process interpretation for HD196944.
description: 40 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Full versions of tables 4 and 5 are available from the first author upon request
Structure factors associated with the continuous melting of two-dimensional lattice gases
Creators: name: Bartelt, N. C.
name: Einstein, Theodore L.
name: Roelofs, L. D.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 1987

description: We study the temperature dependence of the structure factors of two lattice gases which undergo order-disorder phase transitions. Our goal is to determine how much information about the critical behavior of these phase transitions a low-energy electron-diffraction experiment might obtain. We use Monte Carlo simulation to compute the structure factors.
Additional file 3: of H3K27 acetylation and gene expression analysis reveals differences in placental chromatin activity in fetal growth restriction
Creators: name: N. Paauw
name: A. Lely
name: J. Joles
name: A. Franx
name: P. Nikkels
name: M. Mokry
name: B. Van Rijn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Heatmap, MA plot, and V plot RNA-seq. (DOCX 120 kb)
Chains of Semiprime and Prime Ideals in Leavitt Path Algebras
Creators: name: Abrams, Gene
name: Greenfeld, Be'eri
name: Mesyan, Zachary
name: Rangaswamy, Kulumani M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16W10, 16D25

description: Semiprime ideals of an arbitrary Leavitt path algebra L are described in terms of their generators. This description is then used to show that the semiprime ideals form a complete sublattice of the lattice of ideals of L, and they enjoy a certain gap property identified by Kaplansky in prime spectra of commutative rings. It is also shown that the totally ordered sets that can be realized as prime spectra of Leavitt path algebras are precisely those that have greatest lower bounds on subchains and enjoy the aforementioned gap property. Finally, it is shown that a conjecture of Kaplansky regarding identifying von Neumann regular rings via their prime factors holds for Leavitt path algebras.
description: 15 pages
DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION, AND APPLICATION OF A QUANTITIVE REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ASSAY FOR HUMAN T CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS DNA
Creators: name: Miley, Wendell J.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2000

description: A PCR assay to measure HTLV-I/II proviral DNA was developed, validated, and applied to test a hypothesis relevant to HTLV associated disease pathogenesis. Due to the potential for functional interaction between HTLV-I/II and HIV regulatory proteins, HTLV-I/II provirus load might be expected to be higher in HTLV-I/II/HIV co-infected subjects compared to HTLV-I/II singly infected subjects. However, analysis of HTLV- I/II provirus load in 37 co-infected and 105 singly infected subjects did not show a significant difference in HTLV-I/II provirus load (p = 0.35) even when HTLV-I/II provirus load was adjusted for age and gender.
CLASSIFICATION OF ECONOMIC RESOURCES IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES AND THEIR EFFECT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Creators: name: Doniyorova, Shakhnoza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In the articleclassification of economic resources in industrial enterprises and their impact on socio-economic developmentanalyzed in the context of the development of modern industries. Also, the system of economic resources in an industrial enterprise requires a certain set of resources necessary for the organization of production processes. scientifically based.
MANIPULATION OF ENERGY TRANSFER IN DELOCALIZED FRENKEL EXCITONS WITHIN MOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES
Creators: name: Grechishnikova, Galina
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 340699
subject: Physical chemistry not elsewhere classified

description: Our planet has an abundance of examples where nature excelled in design and creation of highly efficient photosynthetic energy transfer networks. In pursuit to harness these extraction and conversion mechanisms of solar power scientists have studied photosynthetic complexes from various organisms along with molecular aggregates and assemblies. As a result of these extensive investigations, organic semiconductors emerged as a promising tool for effective solar energy harvesting. However, despite their broad tunability and low cost, the implementation of organic molecules in photovoltaic devices is hindered by lower charge carrier mobility among other factors.Excitation energy transfer between organic molecules in both photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes and semiconductors is accompanied by vibrational and electronic-vibrational interactions in the system. The multifaceted role of vibrations gives rise to a wide range of phenomena, yet at the same time, complicates the precise determination of their function in a given system. Understanding and isolating the vibrational contributions to energy transfer in molecular systems can unlock the full potential of organic semiconductors.This work is another step toward the deliberate design of molecular-based systems. First, the fundamentals of molecular vibrations and their influence on energy transfer between molecules are discussed. Next, vibrational and electronic-vibrational effects are dissected in a naturally optimized pigment-protein complex. Finally, the role of vibrational interactions and dephasing effects are studied in a molecular aggregate-based exciton-polariton structure.
Development of an Immunoassay to Detect Insulin in Serum and Buffer Matrices Using ORIGENO® Electrochemiluminescent Technology
Creators: name: Mills-Shafer, Tamyra
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 1999

description: Immunoassays were developed to detect insulin in serum and buffer matrices using the ORIGEN® electrochemiluminescent (ECL) technology. A sandwich immunoassay format utilizing two monoclonal antibodies was used. The assay was able to detect insulin from several species including rat, human, cow and pig. Sample volume remained small for the serum and buffer matrix assays at 25 μl and 50 μl respectively. Assay "turn around" time was approximately four hours for both the insulin in buffer matrix ECL assay and the insulin in serum matrix ECL assay. The insulin in buffer ECL assay had an assay range of 0.1 to 12.8 ng/ml with a lowest detectable limit (LDL) of 0.047 ng/ml. The mouse/rat and human insulin in serum matrix ECL assays provided assay ranges of 0.78 to 50 ng/ml or 0.78 to 200 ng/ml respectively with LDL's of ≤ 0.54 ng/ml. Inter-assay and intra-assay precision for both the serum and buffer ECL assays averaged percent coefficient of variation (% C.V.'s) below 10 %. In feasibility studies (Harrington et al. 1997) the ECL assay compared favorably, out performing their commonly used radioimmunoassay (RIA, Linco, St. Louis MO) and scintillation proximity assay (SPA®, Amersham International, Arlington Heights IL; Bosworth and Towers 1989). The ECL assay achieved linear ranges at least 10 fold greater than SPA or RIA. The ECL assay had a much faster "turn around" time of less than four hours as compared to RIA and SPA with assay turn around times of 24 hours and 18 hours respectively. ECL inter-assay precision fell within the range of 2.1 - 5.2 % C.V., which was comparable to both the RIA and the SPA insulin assays. Functional sensitivity was slightly better on the ECL assay compared with ELISA and remained slightly better on the RIA and SPA as compared to the ECL assay.
Structure factors associated with the melting of a (31) ordered phase on a centered-rectangular lattice gas: Effective scaling in a three-state chiral-clock-like model
Creators: name: Bartelt, N. C.
name: Einstein, Theodore L.
name: Roelofs, L. D.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 1987

description: By computing the structure factor through the melting transition of a commensurate (3x1) phase in a version of Baxter’s generalized hard hexagon model, we simulate what might be observed in diffraction experiments (especially those using low-energy electrons) on chemisorption systems which have similar Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson Hamiltonians. In the commensurate and disordered phases we observe that the shift of the peak of the critical scattering from the commensurate position is roughly proportional to the inverse correlation length in the reduced temperature range 0.015–0.15. The proportionality constant appears to depend on the position of the transition on the phase boundary (i.e., on the chemical potential). We see no sign of an incommensurate floating phase between the disordered and commensurate phases. Effective critical exponents are consistent with those expected from the three-state Potts model. To the precision of this calculation (a few percent), the structure factor scales over approximately 10% of the Brillouin-zone area.
AGN Environments in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey I: Dependence on Type, Redshift, and Luminosity
Creators: name: Strand, Natalie E.
name: Brunner, Robert J.
name: Myers, Adam D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore how the local environment is related to the redshift, type, and luminosity of active galactic nuclei (AGN). Recent simulations and observations are converging on the view that the extreme luminosity of quasars is fueled in major mergers of gas-rich galaxies. In such a picture, quasars are expected to be located in regions with a higher density of galaxies on small scales where mergers are more likely to take place. However, in this picture, the activity observed in low-luminosity AGN is due to secular processes that are less dependent on the local galaxy density. To test this hypothesis, we compare the local photometric galaxy density on kiloparsec scales around spectroscopic Type I and Type II quasars to the local density around lower luminosity spectroscopic Type I and Type II AGN. To minimize projection effects and evolution in the photometric galaxy sample we use to characterize AGN environments, we place our random control sample at the same redshift as our AGN and impose a narrow redshift window around both the AGN and control targets. We find that higher luminosity AGN have more overdense environments compared to lower luminosity AGN on all scales out to our $2\Mpchseventy$ limit. Additionally, in the range $0.3\leqslant z\leqslant 0.6$, Type II quasars have similarly overdense environments to those of bright Type I quasars on all scales out to our $2\Mpchseventy$ limit, while the environment of dimmer Type I quasars appears to be less overdense than the environment of Type II quasars. We see increased overdensity for Type II AGN compared to Type I AGN on scales out to our limit of $2\Mpchseventy$ in overlapping redshift ranges. We also detect marginal evidence for evolution in the number of galaxies within $2\Mpchseventy$ of a quasar with redshift.
description: 30 pages, 9 figures. Major revisions made for current version. Some content in previous version has been removed to refocus content on redshift and type effects. This content will be deferred to later works
Oscillating Entropy and Spin Precession in the Ensemble of Qubits Interacting with Thermal Systems
Creators: name: He, Xiaoyu
name: Saleem, Zain H.
name: Tsifrinovich, Vladimir I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple model which allows us to explain the physical nature of the oscillating entropy. We consider an ensemble of qubits interacting with thermal two-level systems. The entropy of the qubits oscillates between zero and the value of entropy of the thermal systems. We show that the oscillations of the entropy can be clearly explained by the precession of the real or effective spins of the qubits.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures