cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An electron-losing regulation strategy for stripping modulation towards a highly reversible Zn anode
Creators: name: Wang, X
name: Liu, L
name: Hu, Z
name: Han, C
name: Xu, Xun
name: Dou, Shi
name: Li, Weijie
Publisher: name: University of Wollongong
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
classificationCode: 3406
subject: Physical chemistry

description: The practical application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) is hindered by their low coulombic efficiency (CE) and unstable cycle life. Numerous electrolyte-additive-related studies have been performed, but most of the focus has been on the Zn plating process. In fact, practical AZIBs undergo stripping in practice rather than plating in the initial cycle, because the commonly used cathodes in the charged state do not have zinc ions, so a uniform stripping process is crucial for the cell performance of AZIBs. Here, we propose an electron-losing regulation strategy for stripping modulation by adding additives. Oxolane (OL) was chosen as the model additive to verify this assumption. It is found that OL adsorbs onto the uneven initial Zn surface and accelerates the dissolution of the Zn tips, thus providing a uniform Zn anode during the stripping process. The oxygen atoms in OL reduce the surface energy of Zn and promote the exposure of the Zn (002) surface during plating. Consequently, cells with the OL electrolyte additive maintained a long lifespan and showed superior reversibility with a high average CE. The findings of this work lead to a deep understanding of the underlying mechanism of Zn anode stripping and provide new guidance for designing electrolyte additives.
Additional file 3 of Peripheral perfusion index predicting prolonged ICU stay earlier and better than lactate in surgical patients: an observational study
Creators: name: Shi, Xinge
name: Xu, Ming
name: Yu, Xu
name: Lu, Yibin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 3.
Vaccination with partial transmission and social distancing on contact networks
Creators: name: Hurry, Christian John
name: Mozeika, Alexander
name: Annibale, Alessia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the impact of vaccination on the risk of epidemics spreading through structured networks using the cavity method of statistical physics. We relax the assumption that vaccination prevents all transmission of a disease used in previous studies, such that vaccinated nodes have a small probability of transmission. To do so we extend the cavity method to study networks where nodes have heterogeneous transmissibility. We find that vaccination with partial transmission still provides herd immunity and show how the herd immunity threshold depends upon the assortativity between nodes of different transmissibility. In addition, we study the impact of social distancing via bond percolation and show that percolation targeting links between nodes of high transmissibility can reduce the risk of an epidemic greater than targeting links between nodes of high degree. Finally, we extend recent methods to compute the distributional equations of risk in populations with heterogeneous transmissibility and show how targeted social distancing measures may reduce overall risk greater than untargeted vaccination campaigns, by comparing the effect of random and targeted strategies of node and link deletion on the risk distribution.
description: 35 pages, 9 figures
Optimal function estimation with photonic quantum sensor networks
Creators: name: Bringewatt, Jacob
name: Ehrenberg, Adam
name: Goel, Tarushii
name: Gorshkov, Alexey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of optimally measuring an analytic function of unknown local parameters each linearly coupled to a qubit sensor is well understood, with applications ranging from field interpolation to noise characterization. Here, we resolve a number of open questions that arise when extending this framework to Mach-Zehnder interferometers and quadrature displacement sensing. In particular, we derive lower bounds on the achievable mean square error in estimating a linear function of either local phase shifts or quadrature displacements. In the case of local phase shifts, these results prove, and somewhat generalize, a conjecture by Proctor et al. [arXiv:1702.04271 (2017)]. For quadrature displacements, we extend proofs of lower bounds to the case of arbitrary linear functions. We provide optimal protocols achieving these bounds up to small (multiplicative) constants and describe an algebraic approach to deriving new optimal protocols, possibly subject to additional constraints. Using this approach, we prove necessary conditions for the amount of entanglement needed for any optimal protocol for both local phase and displacement sensing.
description: 20 pages
THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN THE RECEPTION OF VICTIMS AND CAUSERS OF CRIME IN BRAZIL
Creators: name: BRUNO GALDINO JARDIM
name: SAMUEL DE CASTRO SALLES
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: O objetivo geral do trabalho é analisar a atuação do Estado no acolhimento as vítimas e causadores de crimes no Brasil, bem como as possíveis medidas que possam ser adotadas para aperfeiçoar esse atendimento. Apresentam-se como objetivos específicos do presente trabalho: a) Verificar como se dá o tratamento das vítimas de crimes no atual ordenamento jurídico brasileiro; b) Verificar a evolução da relação Estado x vítima na história do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro; c) Entrevistar vítimas de crimes, a fim de constatar a eficácia das medidas auxiliadoras já existentes; d) Analisar a responsabilização do Estado no auxílio de vítimas de crimes não dolosos; e) Analisar como a justiça restaurativa pode amenizar o sofrimento das vítimas de crimes; f) Analisar projetos cujo objetivo seja atender às vítimas de crimes como forma de exemplo para possíveis medidas estatais; g) Entrevistar especialistas da sociologia jurídica e defensores da responsabilização estatal do acolhimento de vítimas, para analisar outros pontos de vista à cerca do tema; h) Verificar como o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro pode ser mais eficaz utilizando de métodos já testados em outros países.
$J/ψ$ polarization in semi-inclusive DIS at low and high transverse momentum
Creators: name: D'Alesio, Umberto
name: Maxia, Luca
name: Murgia, Francesco
name: Pisano, Cristian
name: Rajesh, Sangem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the polar and azimuthal decay angular distributions of $J/ψ$ mesons produced in semi-inclusive, deep-inelastic electron-proton scattering. For the description of the quarkonium formation mechanism, we adopt the framework of nonrelativistic QCD, with the inclusion of the intermediate color-octet channels that are suppressed at most by a factor $v^4$ in the velocity parameter $v$ relative to the leading color-singlet channel. We put forward factorized expressions for the helicity structure functions in terms of transverse momentum dependent gluon distributions and shape functions, which are valid when the $J/ψ$ transverse momentum is small with respect to the hard scale of the process. By requiring that such expressions correctly match with the collinear factorization results at high transverse momentum, we determine the perturbative tails of the shape functions and find them to be independent of the $J/ψ$ polarization. In particular, we focus on the $\cos 2ϕ$ azimuthal decay asymmetry, which originates from the distribution of linearly polarized gluons inside an unpolarized proton. We therefore suggest a novel experiment for the extraction of this so-far unknown parton density that could be performed, in principle, at the future Electron-Ion Collider.
description: 22 pages, 3 figures; final version to appear in JHEP
title: E-Learning Implementierungskonzept für den Weiterbildungsstudiengang Integrierte Produktentwicklung (IPE)
Creators: name: Fedrich, Helge
Publisher: name: Otto von Guericke University Library
Year: 2017
Subjects: Weiterbildung
E-Learning
MINT

description: Seit 2014 bearbeiten die Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg und die Hochschule MagdeburgStendal gemeinsam das Projekt „Weiterbildungscampus“ im Rahmen der Initiative „Offene Hochschule“ des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF). Innerhalb verschiedener forschungsleitender Fragestellungen ist ein Teilziel des Projektes die pilothafte Etablierung und Begleitung von Weiterbildungsstudiengängen  im Rahmen eines Interventionsdesigns. Für die Otto-von-Guericke-Universität soll z.B. für den Bereich MINT (Mathematik, Ingenieur-, Naturwissenschaften und Technik) der an der Fakultät für Maschinenbau anhängige grundständige Studiengang „Integrated Design Engineering“ in ein Weiterbildungsformat transformiert werden.  Gerade in Weiterbildungsszenarien ist der Einsatz von E-Learning für Lehr-/Lernarrangements essentiell. So postuliert Meister zum Beispiel in ihrer Habilitationsschrift:  „Es besteht ein Bildungsbedarf bei potenziellen Nutzern, und die Struktur des Lernens, wie sie mit E-Learning ermöglicht wird, scheint mit den Anforderungen der Wissensgesellschaft konform zu gehen.“  Der Begriff ELearning wird sowohl in der Fachcommunity aber auch gerade bei den potenziellen Nutzern wie Hochschullehrenden und Studierenden sehr unterschiedlich wahrgenommen und interpretiert. Im Folgenden soll unter E-Learning generell die mediendidaktische Unterstützung von Lehr- und Lernprozessen sowohl für Selbstlern- als auch Präsenzphasen in der Hochschullehre verstanden werden.   Die Implementierung von E-Learning in die Hochschullehre ist derzeit nicht standardisiert und ist noch immer mit der Lösung von umfangreichen Herausforderungen verbunden. So wurden zum Beispiel in einer Untersuchung des MMB Medienforschung Institutes und des PSEPHOS Institutes über 700 Verantwortliche aus verschiedenen Unternehmen und Institutionen befragt und dabei eruiert, dass gerade der Implementierungsprozess zu über 50% problembehaftet ist.   Das vorliegende Dokument beschreibt ein Konzept für die Einführung von E-Learning für den avisierten und aufzubauenden Weiterbildungsstudiengang IDE basierend auf Beispielen Guter Praxis, die unter anderem für das Themengebiet „Grundlagen der Elektrotechnik“ im vom BMBF geförderten Projekt „MILE – Neue Medien für die Hochschulbildung“ an der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität gewonnen werden konnten.
Dynamical birefringence: Electron-hole recollisions as probes of Berry curvature
Creators: name: Banks, Hunter B.
name: Wu, Qile
name: Valovcin, Darren C.
name: Mack, Shawn
name: Gossard, Arthur C.
name: Pfeiffer, Loren
name: Liu, Ren-Bao
name: Sherwin, Mark S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The direct measurement of Berry phases is still a great challenge in condensed matter systems. The bottleneck has been the ability to adiabatically drive an electron coherently across a large portion of the Brillouin zone in a solid where the scattering is strong and complicated. We break through this bottleneck and show that high-order sideband generation (HSG) in semiconductors is intimately affected by Berry phases. Electron-hole recollisions and HSG occur when a near-band gap laser beam excites a semiconductor that is driven by sufficiently strong terahertz (THz)-frequency electric fields. We carried out experimental and theoretical studies of HSG from three GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells. The observed HSG spectra contain sidebands up to the 90th order, to our knowledge the highest-order optical nonlinearity observed in solids. The highest-order sidebands are associated with electron-hole pairs driven coherently across roughly 10% of the Brillouin zone around the Γpoint. The principal experimental claim is a dynamical birefringence: the sidebands, when the order is high enough (> 20), are usually stronger when the exciting near-infrared (NIR) and the THz electric fields are polarized perpendicular than parallel; the sideband intensities depend on the angles between the THz field and the crystal axes in samples with sufficiently weak quenched disorder; and the sidebands exhibit significant ellipticity that increases with increasing sideband order, despite nearly linear excitation and driving fields. We explain dynamical birefringence by generalizing the three-step model for high order harmonic generation. The hole accumulates Berry phases due to variation of its internal state as the quasi-momentum changes under the THz field. Dynamical birefringence arises from quantum interference between time-reversed pairs of electron-hole recollision pathways.
Integrable Frame Fields using Odeco Tensors
Creators: name: Couplet, Mattéo
name: Chemin, Alexandre
name: Remacle, Jean-François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a method for computing integrable orthogonal frame fields on planar surfaces. Frames and their symmetries are implicitly represented using orthogonally decomposable (odeco) tensors. To formulate an integrability criterion, we express the frame field's Lie bracket solely in terms of the tensor representation; this is made possible by studying the sensitivity of the frame with respect to perturbations in the tensor. We construct an energy formulation that computes smooth and integrable frame fields, in both isotropic and anisotropic settings. The user can prescribe any size and orientation constraints in input, and the solver creates and places the singularities required to fit the constraints with the correct topology. The computed frame field can be integrated to a seamless parametrization that is aligned with the frame field.
description: Submitted to the SIAM International Meshing Roundtable Workshop 2024
4d $S$-duality wall and $SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ relations
Creators: name: Bottini, Lea E.
name: Hwang, Chiung
name: Pasquetti, Sara
name: Sacchi, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present various $4d$ $\mathcal{N}=1$ dualities involving theories obtained by gluing two $E[USp(2N)]$ blocks via the gauging of a common $USp(2N)$ symmetry with the addition of $2L$ fundamental matter chiral fields. For $L=0$ in particular the theory has a quantum deformed moduli space with chiral symmetry breaking and its index takes the form of a delta-function. We interpret it as the Identity wall which identifies the two surviving $USp(2N)$ of each $E[USp(2N)]$ block. All the dualities are derived from iterative applications of the Intriligator--Pouliot duality. This plays for us the role of the fundamental duality, from which we derive all others. We then focus on the $3d$ version of our $4d$ dualities, which now involve the $\mathcal{N}=4$ $T[SU(N)]$ quiver theory that is known to correspond to the $3d$ $S$-wall. We show how these $3d$ dualities correspond to the relations $S^2=-1$, $S^{-1}S=1$ and $T^{-1} S T=S^{-1} T S$ for the $S$ and $T$ generators of $SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$. These observations lead us to conjecture that $E[USp(2N)]$ can also be interpreted as a $4d$ $S$-wall.
description: 58 pages, 18 figures; v2: references added; v3: version published on JHEP
Machine learning assisted GaAsN circular polarimeter
Creators: name: Aguirre-Perez, A.
name: Joshya, R. S.
name: Carrère, H.
name: Marie, X.
name: Amand, T.
name: Balocchi, A.
name: Kunold, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the application of a two stage machine learning algorithm that enables to correlate the electrical signals from a GaAs$_x$N$_{1-x}$ circular polarimeter with the intensity, degree of circular polarization and handedness of an incident light beam. Specifically, we employ a multimodal logistic regression to discriminate the handedness of light and a 6-layer neural network to establish the relationship between the input voltages, the intensity and degree of circular polarization. We have developed a particular neural network training strategy that substantially improves the accuracy of the device. The algorithm was trained and tested on theoretically generated photoconductivity and on photoluminescence experimental results. Even for a small training experimental dataset (70 instances), it is shown that the proposed algorithm correctly predicts linear, right and left circularly polarized light misclassifying less than $1.5\%$ of the cases and attains an accuracy larger than $97\%$ in the vast majority of the predictions ($92\%$) for intensity and degree of circular polarization. These numbers are significantly improved for the larger theoretically generated datasets (4851 instances). The algorithm is versatile enough that it can be easily adjusted to other device configurations where a map needs to be established between the input parameters and the device response. Training and testing data files as well as the algorithm are provided as supplementary material.
description: 20 pages, 13 figures
Hybrid Quantum Vision Transformers for Event Classification in High Energy Physics
Creators: name: Unlu, Eyup B.
name: Cara, Marçal Comajoan
name: Dahale, Gopal Ramesh
name: Dong, Zhongtian
name: Forestano, Roy T.
name: Gleyzer, Sergei
name: Justice, Daniel
name: Kong, Kyoungchul
name: Magorsch, Tom
name: Matchev, Konstantin T.
name: Matcheva, Katia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68Q12, 81P68

description: Models based on vision transformer architectures are considered state-of-the-art when it comes to image classification tasks. However, they require extensive computational resources both for training and deployment. The problem is exacerbated as the amount and complexity of the data increases. Quantum-based vision transformer models could potentially alleviate this issue by reducing the training and operating time while maintaining the same predictive power. Although current quantum computers are not yet able to perform high-dimensional tasks yet, they do offer one of the most efficient solutions for the future. In this work, we construct several variations of a quantum hybrid vision transformer for a classification problem in high energy physics (distinguishing photons and electrons in the electromagnetic calorimeter). We test them against classical vision transformer architectures. Our findings indicate that the hybrid models can achieve comparable performance to their classical analogues with a similar number of parameters.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures. Published version in a special issue "Computational Aspects of Machine Learning and Quantum Computing"
Work Distributions in 1-D Fermions and Bosons with Dual Contact Interactions
Creators: name: Wang, Bin
name: Zhang, Jing-Ning
name: Quan, H. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the well-known static duality \cite{girardeau1960relationship, cheon1999fermion} between 1-D Bosons and 1-D Fermions to the dynamical version. By utilizing this dynamical duality we find the duality of non-equilibrium work distributions between interacting 1-D bosonic (Lieb-Liniger model) and 1-D fermionic (Cheon-Shigehara model) systems with dual contact interactions. As a special case, the work distribution of the Tonks-Girardeau (TG) gas is identical to that of 1-D free fermionic system even though their momentum distributions are significantly different. In the classical limit, the work distributions of Lieb-Liniger models (Cheon-Shigehara models) with arbitrary coupling strength converge to that of the 1-D noninteracting distinguishable particles, although their elemetary excitations (quasi-particles) obey different statistics, e.g. the Bose-Einstein, the Fermi-Dirac and the fractional statistics. We also present numerical results of the work distributions of Lieb-Liniger model with various coupling strengths, which demonstrate the convergence of work distributions in the classical limit.
description: 8 pages, 2 figure, 2 tables
Styles of social media usage and their relationship with mental wellbeing
Creators: name: Shaw, Daniel
name: Pennington, Charlotte Rebecca
name: Murray, Evelyn
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: active social media use
subject: passive social media use
subject: social media
subject: social media styles
subject: social media use
subject: styles of social media

description: Mental illness in adolescence has increased dramatically over the past few decades. In 2022, 22% of young people aged 17-24 had a probable mental health disorder, an increase from 1 in 10 in 2017 to 1 in 6 in 2020 (NHS Digital, 2023). This has occurred alongside a rapid upsurge in the usage of social media by adolescents; 16- to 24-year-olds in the UK have the highest prevalence of social media usage, with 51% reporting that they spend too much time online (Ofcom, 2023). Such trends have sparked an explosion of research into the effects of social media usage on adolescent mental health, but a recent government inquiry concluded that there is a lack of high-quality research in this area. This reflects three primary limitations of existing research: an absence of longitudinal studies, a lack of consideration for how (rather than how much) adolescents use social media, and little research on individual differences in adolescent vulnerability (Prinstein et al., 2020). The few studies that have employed (quasi)experimental methods to assess causality report increased psychological wellbeing (e.g., reduced depression) following the deactivation of social media accounts (Allcott et al., 2020), or an increase in adolescents’ depressive symptoms following the introduction of Facebook (Braghieri et al., 2022). This focus on usage frequency is overly simplistic, however, ignoring the range of behaviours exhibited on social media. Our earlier cross-sectional study identified three distinct styles of social media usage that were associated differentially with various psychosocial outcomes: “interactive” users were most likely to ‘share’ others’ content, “reactive” users expressed a tendency to ‘like’ than ‘share’ others’ content, and “passive” users tended to scroll through rather than engaging with others’ content (Shaw et al., 2022). Importantly, interactive users reported higher psychosocial wellbeing then the other usage groups (e.g., greater feelings of social connectedness). In the current longitudinal study, we will determine if interactive social media usage is related to less trait depression and more positive mood in adolescents over three days.
Multi-class quantum classifiers with tensor network circuits for quantum phase recognition
Creators: name: Lazzarin, Marco
name: Galli, Davide Emilio
name: Prati, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms based on variational circuits are a promising approach to quantum machine learning problems for near-term devices, but the selection of the variational ansatz is an open issue. Recently, tensor network-inspired circuits have been proposed as a natural choice for such ansatz. Their employment on binary classification tasks provided encouraging results. However, their effectiveness on more difficult tasks is still unknown. Here, we present numerical experiments on multi-class classifiers based on tree tensor network and multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz circuits. We conducted experiments on image classification with the MNIST dataset and on quantum phase recognition with the XXZ model by Cirq and TensorFlow Quantum. In the former case, we reduced the number of classes to four to match the aimed output based on 2 qubits. The quantum data of the XXZ model consist of three classes of ground states prepared by a checkerboard circuit used for the ansatz of the variational quantum eigensolver, corresponding to three distinct quantum phases. Test accuracy turned out to be 59%-93% and 82%-96% respectively, depending on the model architecture and on the type of preprocessing.
Correlating Intrinsic Stellar Parameters with Mg II Self-Reversal Depths
Creators: name: Taylor, Anna
name: Dunn, Audrey
name: Peacock, Sarah
name: Youngblood, Allison
name: Redfield, Seth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Mg II h&k emission lines (2803, 2796 A) are a useful tool for understanding stellar chromospheres and transition regions due to their intrinsic brightness, relatively low interstellar medium (ISM) absorption interference, and abundance of archival spectra available. Similar to other optically thick chromospheric emission lines such as H I Lya, Mg II emissions commonly present with a self-reversed line core, the depth and shape of which vary from star to star. We explore the relationship between self-reversal and the stellar atmosphere by investigating the extent that fundamental stellar parameters affect self-reversal. We present a search for correlations between photospheric parameters such as effective temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity with the Mg II k self-reversal depth for a group of 135 FGKM main sequence stars with high-resolution near-ultraviolet spectra from the Hubble Space Telescope. We modeled the observed MgII k line profiles to correct for ISM attenuation and recover the depth of emission line's self-reversal in relation to the intensity of the line. We used the PHOENIX atmosphere code to homogeneously determine the stellar parameters by computing a suite of stellar atmosphere models that include a chromosphere and transition region, and using archival photometry to guide the models of each star. We quantify the sensitivity of the visible and near-infrared photometry to chromospheric and photospheric parameters. We find weak trends between Mg II k self-reversal depth and age, rotation period, Mg II luminosity, temperature, and mass. All stars in our sample older than ~2 Gyr or rotating slower than ~10 days exhibit self-reversal.
description: Accepted to the Astrophysical Journal
INEQUALITY OF WOMEN IN THE MILITARY AREA REGARDING ACCESS TO THE CAREER
Creators: name: BIANCA COSTA DE MARIA
name: KESLAINE KARINE CARNEIRO POLICARPO
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: A pesquisa tem por base temática mostrar as desigualdades e as dificuldades encontradas pelas mulheres para o ingresso na polícia militar, e tem como objetivo geral de avaliar os motivos sociológicos, e justificativas para que ocorra essa discriminação. Como objetivos específicos, têm-se: a) analisar quais são as dificuldades encontradas pela mulher que busca a carreira militar; b) verificar porque há pouca vaga para mulher nessa área; c) investigar qual fato histórico colaborou para que isso ocorra; d) verificar quais são os argumentos usados para impedir a mulher de ingressar nessa área; e) constatar se o físico feminino é capaz de enfrentar as atividades militares; f) analisar os editais anteriores dos concursos da PMMG. O desejo de muitas pessoas é ingressar na carreira militar, o que já é difícil por diversos fatores, mas vale lembrar que a dificuldade é ainda maior para as mulheres, pois as vagas destinadas a elas são menores, como ressaltado no edital da PMMG. De 120 (cento e vinte) vagas para o concurso da PMMG de 2014, foram oferecidas apenas 12 (doze) vagas às candidatas do sexo feminino e 108 (cento e oito) vagas para candidatos do sexo masculino (MINAS GERAIS, 2014). As funções em nossas forças armadas deveriam ser determinadas pela habilidade, não pelo gênero (VLEX UNITED KINGDOM, 2014). Essa frase tão marcante foi dita pelas Forças Armadas Britânicas, o que demonstra que realmente não deve haver tal distinção entre sexos opostos, pois a habilidade e a aptidão não dependem do gênero.
Additional file 1 of Could the connectedness of primary health care workers involved in social networks affect their job burnout? A cross-sectional study in six counties, Central China
Creators: name: Mao, Yiqing
name: Fu, Hang
name: Feng, Zhanchun
name: Feng, Da
name: Chen, Xiaoyu
name: Yang, Jian
name: Li, Yuanqing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire on Social Network and Job Burnout of Primary Health Care Workers in Rural
Entanglement phase transitions in non-Hermitian Kitaev chains
Creators: name: Zhou, Longwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intricate interplay between unitary evolution and projective measurements could induce entanglement phase transitions in the nonequilibrium dynamics of quantum many-particle systems. In this work, we uncover loss-induced entanglement transitions in non-Hermitian topological superconductors. In prototypical Kitaev chains with local particle losses and varying hopping and pairing ranges, the bipartite entanglement entropy of steady states is found to scale logarithmically versus the system size in topologically nontrivial phases and become independent of the system size in the trivial phase. Notably, the scaling coefficients of log-law entangled phases are distinguishable when the underlying system resides in different topological phases. Log-law to log-law and log-law to area-law entanglement phase transitions are further identified when the system switches between different topological phases and goes from a topologically nontrivial to a trivial phase, respectively. These findings not only establish the relationships among spectral, topological and entanglement properties in a class of non-Hermitian topological superconductors, but also provide an efficient means to dynamically reveal their distinctive topological features.
description: 28 pages, 8 figures, close to the published version
Symmetries of relativistic world-lines
Creators: name: Koch, Benjamin
name: Muñoz, Enrique
name: Reyes, Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Symmetries are essential for a consistent formulation of many quantum systems. In this paper we discuss a previously unnoticed symmetry, which is present for any Lagrangian term that involves $\dot{x}^2$. As a basic model that incorporates the fundamental symmetries of quantum gravity and string theory, we consider the Lagrangian action of the relativistic point particle. A path integral quantization for this seemingly simple system has for long presented notorious problems. Here we show that those problems are overcome by taking into account the newly discovered additional symmetry, leading directly to the exact Klein-Gordon propagator.
description: 6 pages, Accepted for publication in PRD
Isotope-Selective Laser Ablation Ion-Trap Loading of $\mathbf{^{137}\mathrm{Ba}^+}$ using a $\mathbf{\mathrm{BaCl}_2}$ Target
Creators: name: White, Brendan M.
name: Low, Pei Jiang
name: de Sereville, Yvette
name: Day, Matthew L.
name: Greenberg, Noah
name: Rademacher, Richard
name: Senko, Crystal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $^{133}\mathrm{Ba}^+$ ion is a promising candidate as a high-fidelity qubit, and the $^{137}\mathrm{Ba}^+$ isotope is promising as a high-fidelity qudit ($d>2$). Barium metal is very reactive, and $^{133}\mathrm{Ba}^+$ is radioactive and can only be sourced in small quantities, so the most commonly used loading method, oven heating, is less suited for barium, and is currently not possible for $^{133}\mathrm{Ba}^+$.Pulsed laser ablation solves both of these problems by utilizing compound barium sources, while also giving some distinct advantages, such as fast loading, less displaced material, and lower heat load near the ion trap. Because of the relatively low abundances of the isotopes of interest, a two-step photoionization technique is used, which gives us the ability to selectively load isotopes. Characterization of the ablation process for our $\mathrm{BaCl}_2$ targets are presented, including observation of neutral and ion ablation-fluence regimes, preparation/conditioning and lifetimes of ablation spots, and plume velocity distributions.We show that using laser ablation on $\mathrm{BaCl}_2$ salt targets with a two-step photoionization method, we can produce and trap barium ions reliably. Further, we demonstrate that with our photoionization method, we can trap $^{137}\mathrm{Ba}^+$ with an enhanced selectivity compared to its natural abundance.
description: 24 pages, 21 figures
Role of Oxygen States in the Low Valence Nickelate La$_4$Ni$_3$O$_8$
Creators: name: Shen, Y.
name: Sears, J.
name: Fabbris, G.
name: Li, J.
name: Pelliciari, J.
name: Jarrige, I.
name: He, Xi
name: Bozovic, I.
name: Mitrano, M.
name: Zhang, Junjie
name: Mitchell, J. F.
name: Botana, A. S.
name: Bisogni, V.
name: Norman, M. R.
name: Johnston, S.
name: Dean, M. P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of superconductivity in square-planar low valence nickelates has ignited a vigorous debate regarding their essential electronic properties: Do these materials have appreciable oxygen charge-transfer character akin to the cuprates, or are they in a distinct Mott-Hubbard regime where oxygen plays a minimal role? Here, we resolve this question using O $K$-edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) measurements of the low valence nickelate La$_{4}$Ni$_{3}$O$_{8}$ and a prototypical cuprate La$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x}$CuO$_{4}$ ($x=0.35$). As expected, the cuprate lies deep in the charge-transfer regime of the Zaanen-Sawatzky-Allen scheme. The nickelate, however, is not well described by either limit of the ZSA scheme and is found to be of mixed charge-transfer/Mott-Hubbard character with the Coulomb repulsion $U$ of similar size to the charge-transfer energy $Δ$. Nevertheless, the transition-metal-oxygen hopping is larger in La$_{4}$Ni$_{3}$O$_{8}$ than in La$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x}$CuO$_{4}$, leading to a significant superexchange interaction and an appreciable hole occupation of the ligand O orbitals in La$_{4}$Ni$_{3}$O$_{8}$ despite its larger $Δ$. Our results clarify the essential characteristics of low valence nickelates and put strong constraints on theoretical interpretations of superconductivity in these materials.
description: 13 pages; to appear in PRX
Adaptive Tikhonov strategies for stochastic ensemble Kalman inversion
Creators: name: Weissmann, Simon
name: Chada, Neil K.
name: Schillings, Claudia
name: Tong, Xin T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M32, 60G35, 65C35, 70F17

description: Ensemble Kalman inversion (EKI) is a derivative-free optimizer aimed at solving inverse problems, taking motivation from the celebrated ensemble Kalman filter. The purpose of this article is to consider the introduction of adaptive Tikhonov strategies for EKI. This work builds upon Tikhonov EKI (TEKI) which was proposed for a fixed regularization constant. By adaptively learning the regularization parameter, this procedure is known to improve the recovery of the underlying unknown. For the analysis, we consider a continuous-time setting where we extend known results such as well-posdeness and convergence of various loss functions, but with the addition of noisy observations. Furthermore, we allow a time-varying noise and regularization covariance in our presented convergence result which mimic adaptive regularization schemes. In turn we present three adaptive regularization schemes, which are highlighted from both the deterministic and Bayesian approaches for inverse problems, which include bilevel optimization, the MAP formulation and covariance learning. We numerically test these schemes and the theory on linear and nonlinear partial differential equations, where they outperform the non-adaptive TEKI and EKI.
Hybrid Machine Learning techniques in the management of harmful algal blooms impact
Creators: name: Molares-Ulloa, Andres
name: Rivero, Daniel
name: Ruiz, Jesus Gil
name: Fernandez-Blanco, Enrique
name: de-la-Fuente-Valentín, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are episodes of high concentrations of algae that are potentially toxic for human consumption. Mollusc farming can be affected by HABs because, as filter feeders, they can accumulate high concentrations of marine biotoxins in their tissues. To avoid the risk to human consumption, harvesting is prohibited when toxicity is detected. At present, the closure of production areas is based on expert knowledge and the existence of a predictive model would help when conditions are complex and sampling is not possible. Although the concentration of toxin in meat is the method most commonly used by experts in the control of shellfish production areas, it is rarely used as a target by automatic prediction models. This is largely due to the irregularity of the data due to the established sampling programs. As an alternative, the activity status of production areas has been proposed as a target variable based on whether mollusc meat has a toxicity level below or above the legal limit. This new option is the most similar to the actual functioning of the control of shellfish production areas. For this purpose, we have made a comparison between hybrid machine learning models like Neural-Network-Adding Bootstrap (BAGNET) and Discriminative Nearest Neighbor Classification (SVM-KNN) when estimating the state of production areas. The study has been carried out in several estuaries with different levels of complexity in the episodes of algal blooms to demonstrate the generalization capacity of the models in bloom detection. As a result, we could observe that, with an average recall value of 93.41% and without dropping below 90% in any of the estuaries, BAGNET outperforms the other models both in terms of results and robustness.
A probabilistic scheme for joint parameter estimation and state prediction in complex dynamical systems
Creators: name: Pérez-Vieites, Sara
name: Mariño, Inés P.
name: Míguez, Joaquín
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many problems in the geophysical sciences demand the ability to calibrate the parameters and predict the time evolution of complex dynamical models using sequentially-collected data. Here we introduce a general methodology for the joint estimation of the static parameters and the forecasting of the state variables of nonlinear, and possibly chaotic, dynamical models. The proposed scheme is essentially probabilistic. It aims at recursively computing the sequence of joint posterior probability distributions of the unknown model parameters and its (time varying) state variables conditional on the available observations. The latter are possibly partial and contaminated by noise. The new framework combines a Monte Carlo scheme to approximate the posterior distribution of the fixed parameters with filtering (or {\em data assimilation}) techniques to track and predict the distribution of the state variables. For this reason, we refer to the proposed methodology as {\em nested filtering}. In this paper we specifically explore the use of Gaussian filtering methods, but other approaches fit naturally within the new framework. As an illustrative example, we apply three different implementations of the methodology to the tracking of the state, and the estimation of the fixed parameters, of a stochastic two-scale Lorenz 96 system. This model is commonly used to assess data assimilation procedures in meteorology. For this example, we compare different nested filters and show estimation and forecasting results for a 4,000-dimensional system.
description: In this version we have tried to clarify the presentation of the methodology and the analysis. The body of the manuscript has been simplified (in terms of the notation as well) by moving some algorithms and the proofs to appendices. We have added a new variant of the algorithm based on a sequential quasi-Monte Carlo scheme. All numerical results have been updated
THE CHALLENGES OF THE LAW AND CONTEMPORARY STATE: AFFIRMATIVE POLICIES FOR THE RECEPTION OF REFUGEES IN SOCIAL VULNERABILITY
Creators: name: BERNARDO COSTA LEAL
name: ISABELA VAZ VIEIRA
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: O objetivo geral do trabalho é analisar o andamento e a evolução das políticas afirmativas que versem sobre o acolhimento dos refugiados nos países da União Europeia, essencialmente enquanto essencial desafio jurídico contemporâneo. Têm-se como objetivos específicos: a) Estudar experiências efetivas de eficácia já comprovada e entender seu papel no progresso das políticas afirmativas; b) Verificar a função da Organização das Nações Unidas na mediação e no progresso de ações afirmativas; c) Comparar a existência de legislações sobre o assunto, salientando as contribuições de países com medidas benéficas já existentes; d) Identificar a necessidade não somente de uma positivação jurídica, mas também do estímulo à plena aceitação social dos refugiados; e) Entender o posicionamento brasileiro em relação a dimensão do conceito de responsabilidade solidária para com os refugiados; f) Estreitar a investigação a partir do ponto de vista dos próprios refugiados, através entrevistas das experiências pessoais de vivência; g) Analisar comparativamente quais os critérios de distinção entre o um cidadão nativo e um refugiado, ainda que apresentem uma cultura semelhante e h) Verificar se há distinção no tratamento dos refugiados de acordo com o país de origem. Pode-se, portanto, assumir como base da pesquisa a indiscutível necessidade de que se perceba a validade de um direito de ter direitos, bem como do direito de pertencer a alguma comunidade organizada e, acima de tudo, não ser perseguido unicamente pelo que imutavelmente se é (ARENDT, 2013).
Discovery of Strongly Lensed Quasars in the Ultraviolet Near Infrared Optical Northern Survey (UNIONS)
Creators: name: Chan, J. H. H.
name: Lemon, C.
name: Courbin, F.
name: Gavazzi, R.
name: Clément, B.
name: Millon, M.
name: Paic, E.
name: Rojas, K.
name: Savary, E.
name: Vernardos, G.
name: Cuillandre, J. -C.
name: Fabbro, S.
name: Gwyn, S.
name: Hudson, M. J.
name: Kilbinger, M.
name: McConnachie, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of five new doubly-imaged lensed quasars from the first 2500 square degrees of the ongoing Canada-France Imaging Survey (CFIS), which is a component of the Ultraviolet Near Infrared Optical Northern Survey (UNIONS), selected from initial catalogues of either Gaia pairs or MILLIQUAS quasars. We take advantage of the deep, 0.6'' median-seeing $r$-band imaging of CFIS to confirm the presence of multiple point sources with similar colour of $u-r$, via convolution of the Laplacian of the point spread function. Requiring similar-colour point sources with flux ratios less than 2.5 mag in $r$-band, reduces the number of candidates from 256314 to 7815. After visual inspection we obtain 30 high-grade candidates, and prioritise spectroscopic follow-up for those showing signs of a lensing galaxy upon subtraction of the point sources. We obtain long-slit spectra for 18 candidates with ALFOSC on the 2.56-m Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT), confirming five new doubly lensed quasars with $1.21
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
MC-DBN: A Deep Belief Network-Based Model for Modality Completion
Creators: name: Luo, Zihong
name: Tao, Zheng
name: Huang, Yuxuan
name: He, Kexin
name: Liu, Chengzhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent advancements in multi-modal artificial intelligence (AI) have revolutionized the fields of stock market forecasting and heart rate monitoring. Utilizing diverse data sources can substantially improve prediction accuracy. Nonetheless, additional data may not always align with the original dataset. Interpolation methods are commonly utilized for handling missing values in modal data, though they may exhibit limitations in the context of sparse information. Addressing this challenge, we propose a Modality Completion Deep Belief Network-Based Model (MC-DBN). This approach utilizes implicit features of complete data to compensate for gaps between itself and additional incomplete data. It ensures that the enhanced multi-modal data closely aligns with the dynamic nature of the real world to enhance the effectiveness of the model. We conduct evaluations of the MC-DBN model in two datasets from the stock market forecasting and heart rate monitoring domains. Comprehensive experiments showcase the model's capacity to bridge the semantic divide present in multi-modal data, subsequently enhancing its performance. The source code is available at: https://github.com/logan-0623/DBN-generate