Phasmahyla cruzi Carvalho-E-Silva, Silva & Carvalho-E-Silva, 2009, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Carvalho-E-Silva, Ana Maria Paulino Telles De
name: Silva, Guilherme Ramos Da
name: Carvalho-E-Silva, Sergio Potsch De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Hylidae
Phasmahyla
Phasmahyla cruzi

description: Phasmahyla cruzi sp. nov.
(Figs. 1–15)
Diagnosis: The new species, Phasmahyla cruzi, is characterized by: (1) small size for the genus (SVL 30.5 to 34.2 mm in males and 41.6 mm in female); (2) smooth skin; (3) inner parts of legs and flanks slightly orangecolored, with numerous small round violet blotches; (4) inner areas of the hands and feet are slightly orange, and the outer areas are green with small round violet blotches; (5) tympanum partially covered by the supratympanic fold; (6) snout short and truncated; (7) loreal region slightly concave; (8) eyes large, and the palpebral membranes with pigmented reticulation over their entire area; (9) tarsus large, outer margin smooth or slightly crenulated; (10) males with visible nuptial pad from base of first finger to inner carpal tubercle (11) tadpoles with one to three white spots on distal third of tail musculature; (12) tadpoles with oral disc large and wide, reduced indentation on dorsal margin and no indentation on ventral margin; (13) tadpoles with tooth row formula 0–1/2(1).
Etymology: The new species is dedicated to Dr. Carlos Alberto Gonçalves da Cruz, who has contributed greatly to our knowledge of the Phyllomedusinae.
Holotype: ZUFRJ 10858 male, collected in the Rio das Pedras Reserve, Municipality of Mangaratiba (09º19’08”S, 36º28’16”W), approximately 200 m above sea level, on the bank of the Rio Grande River, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on September 4, 2008 by Ana Maria Paulino Telles de Carvalho, Marcelle Mantoanelli Mongin, Penélope Andreani Valadares and Laura Acerb Cordioli.
Paratopotypes. Female: ZUFRJ 10859 (19–21/IX/97); males: UNIRIO 899 (2–5/VI/00); UNIRIO 1118 (27–29/X/00); UNIRIO 1319 (20–22/XI/01); UNIRIO 2234–2235 (8/X/05); UNIRIO 2273 (cleared and stained); (8–10/IX/05) UNIRIO 2854 (8–9/XI/07); UNIRIO 2913 (29–31/I/08); UNIRIO 3274 (4–5/IX/08); UNIRIO 3474 (7/XI/08).
Holotype description (Figs. 1–9). A small species (SVL= 30.5 mm); skin smooth; slender body and limbs; head width about 38% of SVL; head length equal to 85% of its width; snout short, truncated in dorsal view and vertical in profile, eye-snout distance equal to 41% of head length and 13% of SVL; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region slightly concave; nostrils located at end of snout and directed towards sides; internarial distance equal to 22% of head width; eyes large, protuberant, directed anterolaterally, their diameter equal to 33% of head width; vertical pupil; palpebral membrane whitish, reticulated along its entire length; tympanum small, hidden above by the supratympanic fold, only the lower part visible (Figs. 1,2,3,4,5,6), its diameter corresponding to 15% of head length; vomerine teeth absent, tongue rounded and not notched in posterior area. Arms thin, equal in width to 7% of SVL; forearm width equal to 8% of SVL, internal margins of forearm slightly crenulated; weak dermal ridges at elbows; fingers thin, free, with no web, and with small discs on the tips, finger length order I<II<IV<III, nuptial pads formed by the union of very small brown horny asperities on the base of first finger, their extent equal to 14% of the hand length (Fig. 1); subarticular tubercles round and prominent, carpal tubercle ovoid (Fig. 7).
Hind limbs slender and long, with small calcar appendage; the sum of the thigh and tibia lengths equal to 109% of SVL, tibia borders slightly crenulated; tarsus large, with smooth external borders; the sum of the tarsus and foot lengths equal to 71% of the SVL; toes long and slender with small discs on their tips, length order: I<II<III<V<IV, subarticular tubercle rounded and prominent, inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid and moderate; outer metatarsal tubercle absent (Fig. 8).
Holotype dimensions (mm): SVL: 30.5; HL: 9.9; HW: 11.6; IOD: 6.7; END: 2.6; ESD: 4.0; IND: 2.6; ED: 3.9; TD: 1.5; HL: 9.4; FAL: 8.9; AW: 2.0; FW: 2.5; HAL: 8.5; NPL: 1.4; NPH: 1.2; THL: 16.8; TIL: 16.6; TRL: 10.7; FL: 11.0.
Color of live adults: (Fig. 9) Dorsal surface of the body, forearm, and external surfaces of hands and thigh, legs and feet to the base of the fourth and fifth toes green, changing from light green (color 58) to dark green (color 60 and 61) with small dark-purple (color 72) or light-purple (color 75) dots; hidden parts of limbs and flanks orange (color 17) with numerous small rounded purple spots (color 72); inner parts of hands extending from the first to the third finger orange (color 18) with small purple dots (color 72); nuptial pads dark brown (color 119). Iris silver-gray (color 81), palpebral membrane transparent, reticulated with white, its transparent border tinged purple (color 172b). Belly cream (color 92).
Color of the preserved adults: The green dorsal color becomes purple, to dull violet-blue (color 170B), to light mauve (color 172D) to true violet (color 172); the sparse dots become russet-brown (color 34); the hidden surfaces of the hind limbs and flanks become cream-colored (color 54), as do the inner parts of the front limbs. The rounded spots and small dots become carmine (color 8); the nuptial pad becomes dark sepiabrown (color 119). The gray iris loses its silver, changing from light pearl-gray (color 81) to blue-black (color 90). The reticulation of the palpebral membrane becomes whitish, while the border maintains its bluish-violet (color 172 B) pigmentation. The ventral surfaces of the body remain cream-colored (color 92).
Tadpole description (stage 37) (Figs. 10–15)
Measurements of tadpoles in stage 37 (n=10, in mm): mean ± standard deviation and range.
TL: 42.8 ± 2.2 (40.1–46.4); BL: 14.2 ± 1.0 (12.9– 16.0); BW 7.1 ± 0.9 (5.9–8.5); TAL: 28.7 ± 1.5 (27.1– 30.8); BH: 6.8 ± 1.0 (5.7–8.8); TH: 7.7 ± 1.5 (6.3–10.9); NSD: 3.2 ± 0.4 (2.6–3.7); ESD: 4.5 ± 0.7 (3.7– 5.6); IOD: 6.7 ± 0.6 (6.1– 8.1); END: 1.1 ± 0.4 (0.7–1.9); IND: 6.4 ± 0.6 (5.5– 7.2); ODW: 7.0 ± 0.7 (6.2–8.3); ODH: 5.3 ± 0.5 (4.7– 6.2); ED: 2.1 ± 0.1 (2.0–2.2).
Body ovoid in dorsal view, broad, anterodorsal mouth with funnel-shaped dermal fold; eyes directed laterally, well developed, separated from each other by 96% of body width, their diameters equal to 30% of body width; nostrils weakly distinct, ovoid, longer than wide, placed laterally on body, separated from each other by 91% of body width; interocular distance slightly larger than internarial distance; spiracle in the middle of body, ventral, slightly sinistral, with wide opening; anal tube long, free, right of ventral fin; tail length corresponding to 67% of total length and its height equal to 26% of its length; tail narrow, with welldeveloped musculature, ending in flagelliform tip, generally curved toward the bottom; tail musculature with one to three evident white spots dorsally on distal third; dorsal fin low, 17% of tail height; dorsal fin originating slightly before end of body and remaining linear until mid-tail area, gradually diminishing in height towards tip of tail; ventral fin higher than dorsal fin, 35% of tail height (Figs. 10–12). Oral disc modified as large funnel-shaped anterodorsal structure 7.0 mm wide and 5.3 mm high, reduced indentation of dorsal margin, and no indentation of ventral margin; oral disc width 50% and height 38% of body length; one series of small papillae on internal face of oral disc, and its border surrounded by many smaller papillae, with two larger and elongated papillae on each side of horny beak; many medium-sized ovoid papillae spread over entire surface; upper and lower jaw sheaths with finely serrate margins, upper jaw with conical projection, lower jaw V-shaped; tooth row formula 0/2(1); generally no horny denticle above horny beak and with two rows below, first (P1) with medial gap and second (P2) continuous, slightly narrower than P1 (Figs.13, 15). Few tadpoles with 1/2(1) dental formula with vestigial tooth row (A1) above horny beak.
Tadpole coloration in life. The dorsum is smoke-gray (color 44) though lighter in the middle, graduating to pale horn (color 92). The tail is darker, chestnut-colored (color 32). The pupil of the eye is cream-colored, with a black iris. The ventral surfaces are silvery, light neutral gray (color 85) in the visceral region, and sulphur-yellow (color 57) in other areas. In lateral view, the body is smoke-gray (color 44) and the tail musculature is slightly darker (color 45). There is an accumulation of chestnut (color 32) pigment in the median and dorsal regions of the tail, and there are one to three conspicuous white spots; both fins are translucent.
Preserved tadpole coloration: The preserved tadpole is beige in dorsal view (color 124) with a darkbrown tail (color 129). The tail is grayish brown in side view, with a darker median longitudinal stripe, becoming slightly lighter, but the white spots on the posterior third of the tail remain (Fig. 14). The belly is translucent, with light-brown pigmentation, and the fins are transparent.
Measurements and coloration of the froglets (stage 46): (n = 10), SVL: 16.1 ± 1 (17.2–13.7). The color of the froglets is similar to that of adults, but varies according to the intensity of the environmental light. During the day they are light green (color 61) dorsally, with sparse purple dots (color 172 A). The belly is orange (color 17), as are the legs and the hidden parts, but they do not have the round purple spots of the adults. The iris is cream-colored (color 92). At night the back becomes brown (color 32).
description: Published as part of Carvalho-E-Silva, Ana Maria Paulino Telles De, Silva, Guilherme Ramos Da & Carvalho-E-Silva, Sergio Potsch De, 2009, A new species of Phasmahyla Cruz, 1990 from the Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Amphibia, Hylidae, Phyllomedusinae), pp. 15-26 in Zootaxa 2120 on pages 17-22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.188085