cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Journal reading patterns and preferences of pediatricians
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Purpose: To describe the journal reading patterns of pediatrician members of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and compare results to similar surveys of medical faculty and physicians. The research also explored factors that might influence changes in reading patterns in the future, such as adoption of PDA technology.
Morphological adjunctions represented by matrices in max-plus algebra for signal and image processing
Creators: name: Blusseau, Samy
name: Velasco-Forero, Santiago
name: Angulo, Jesus
name: Bloch, Isabelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In discrete signal and image processing, many dilations and erosions can be written as the max-plus and min-plus product of a matrix on a vector. Previous studies considered operators on symmetrical, unbounded complete lattices, such as Cartesian powers of the completed real line. This paper focuses on adjunctions on closed hypercubes, which are the complete lattices used in practice to represent digital signals and images. We show that this constrains the representing matrices to be doubly-0-astic and we characterise the adjunctions that can be represented by them. A graph interpretation of the defined operators naturally arises from the adjacency relationship encoded by the matrices, as well as a max-plus spectral interpretation.
Psychological determinants of risk behaviours and cardio-metabolic health in a higher risk regional cohort
Creators: name: ANDRE LEAO RODRIGUES
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global killer, causing more than 17 million deaths in 2015. People living in regional areas fare worse when it comes to health. CVD is largely preventable, with changes in key health behaviours such as diet and exercise having profound effects on lowering CVD risk. A person's beliefs concerning their ability to change behaviours and any subsequent impact on their health may also be important. The aim of this thesis was to explore the associations between health beliefs, behaviours and cardiovascular health in the context of a 12-month nurse-led lifestyle intervention program in a regional population.
Health care use among latinx children after 2017 executive actions on immigration
Creators: name: Cholera, R.
name: Linton, J.
name: Shmuel, S.
name: Flower, K.B.
name: Simha, S.
name: Best, D.L.
name: Miller-Fitzwater, A.
name: Ranapurwala, S.I.
Publisher: name: American Academy of Pediatrics
Year: 2021

description: BACKGROUND: US immigration policy changes may affect health care use among Latinx children. We hypothesized that January 2017 restrictive immigration executive actions would lead to decreased health care use among Latinx children. METHODS: We used controlled interrupted time series to estimate the effect of executive actions on outpatient cancellation or no-show rates from October 2016 to March 2017 (“immigration action period”) among Latinx children in 4 health care systems in North Carolina. We included control groups of (1) non-Latinx children and (2) Latinx children from the same period in the previous year (“control period”) to account for natural trends such as seasonality. RESULTS: In the immigration action period, 114 627 children contributed 314 092 appointments. In the control period, 107 657 children contributed 295 993 appointments. Relative to the control period, there was an immediate 5.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40%-10.9%) decrease in cancellation rates among all Latinx children, but no sustained change in trend of cancellations and no change in no-show rates after executive immigration actions. Among uninsured Latinx children, there was an immediate 12.7% (95% CI: 2.3%-23.1%) decrease in cancellations; however, cancellations then increased by 2.4% (95% CI: 0.89%-3.9%) per week after immigration actions, an absolute increase of 15.5 cancellations per 100 appointments made. CONCLUSIONS: There was a sustained increase in cancellations among uninsured Latinx children after immigration actions, suggesting decreased health care use among uninsured Latinx children. Continued monitoring of effects of immigration policy on child health is needed, along with measures to ensure that all children receive necessary health care.
Supplemental Material for Brand, Wright, and Presgraves, 2019
Creators: name: Brand, Cara L.
name: Wright, Lori
name: Daven C. Presgraves
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: 60409 Molecular Evolution
subject: 60411 Population, Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics

description: Supplemental tables and files of article "Positive selection and functional divergence at meiosis genes that mediate crossing over across the Drosophila phylogeny"
A informação científica como instrumento de combate a desinformação
Creators: name: Braga, Tiago
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Apresentação realizada durante o II ENCONTRO DE REVISTAS EM CIÊNCIA DA INFORMAÇÃO DO MERCOSUL - ERCIM 2024 e o I FÓRUM INTERNACIONAL DE EDITORES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS - FIERCI 2024.
The Mortality after Release from Incarceration Consortium (MARIC): Protocol for a multi-national, individual participant data meta-analysis.
Creators: name: Ranapurwala, S.I.
name: Tibble, H.
name: O'Moore, E.
name: Shaw, J.
name: Dirkzwager, A.J.E.
name: Giles, M.
name: Fazel, S.
name: Kouyoumdjian, F.G.
name: Stern, M.F.
name: Slaunwhite, A.
name: Willoughby, M.
name: Pratt, D.
name: Pizzicato, L.N.
name: Pirkis, J.
name: Degenhardt, L.
name: Morenoff, J.
name: Borschmann, R.
name: Rosen, D.L.
name: Shanahan, M.E.
name: Fischbacher, C.
name: Huang, Y.-F.
name: Larney, S.
name: Kinner, S.A.
name: Chang, Z.
name: Butler, T.
name: Christensen, P.B.
name: Somers, J.M.
name: Wang, N.
name: Young, J.T.
name: Zhao, B.
name: Bukten, A.
name: Binswanger, I.A.
name: Karaminia, A.
name: Dolan, K.
name: Spaulding, A.C.
name: Møller, L.
name: Viner, K.M.
name: Moniruzzaman, A.
name: Spittal, M.J.
name: Harding, D.
name: Preen, D.
name: Culbert, G.J.
name: Proescholdbell, S.K.
name: Huber, F.
name: Clausen, T.
name: Chen, C.-Y.
name: Keen, C.
name: Graham, L.
name: Altice, F.L.
name: Love, A.D.
name: Lim, S.
Publisher: name: Swansea University
Year: 2020

description: Introduction More than 30 million adults are released from incarceration globally each year. Many experience complex physical and mental health problems, and are at markedly increased risk of preventable mortality. Despite this, evidence regarding the global epidemiology of mortality following release from incarceration is insufficient to inform the development of targeted, evidence-based responses. Many previous studies have suffered from inadequate power and poor precision, and even large studies have limited capacity to disaggregate data by specific causes of death, sub-populations or time since release to answer questions of clinical and public health relevance. Objectives To comprehensively document the incidence, timing, causes and risk factors for mortality in adults released from prison. Methods We created the Mortality After Release from Incarceration Consortium (MARIC), a multi-disciplinary collaboration representing 29 cohorts of adults who have experienced incarceration from 11 countries. Findings across cohorts will be analysed using a two-step, individual participant data meta-analysis methodology. Results The combined sample includes 1,337,993 individuals (89% male), with 75,795 deaths recorded over 9,191,393 person-years of follow-up. Conclusions The consortium represents an important advancement in the field, bringing international attention to this problem. It will provide internationally relevant evidence to guide policymakers and clinicians in reducing preventable deaths in this marginalized population.
Elliptic problems in the sense of B. Lawruk on two-sided refined scales of spaces
Creators: name: Chepurukhina, Iryna S.
name: Murach, Aleksandr A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J40, 46E35

description: We investigate elliptic boundary-value problems with additional unknown functions on the boundary of a Euclidean domain. These problems were introduced by Lawruk. We prove that the operator corresponding to such a problem is bounded and Fredholm on two-sided refined scales built on the base of the isotropic Hörmander inner product spaces. The regularity of the distributions forming these spaces are characterized by a real number and an arbitrary function that varies slowly at infinity in the sense of Karamata. For the generalized solutions to the problem, we prove theorems on a priori estimates and local regularity in these scales. As applications, we find new sufficient conditions under which the solutions have continuous classical derivatives of a prescribed order.
description: 19 pages, some misprints are corrected. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1503.05039
Engineering salt-tolerant Cas12f1 variants for gene-editing applications
Creators: name: Daskalakis, Vangelis
name: Papapetros, Spyridon
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: CRISPR has revolutionized the field of genome editing in life sciences by serving as a versatile and state-of-the-art tool. Cas12f1 is a small nuclease of the bacterial immunity CRISPR system with an ideal size for cellular delivery, in contrast to CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins like Cas9 or Cas12. However, Cas12f1 works best at low salt concentrations. In this study, we find that the plasticity of certain Cas12f1 regions (K196-Y202 and I452-L515) is negatively affected by increased salt concentrations. On this line, key protein domains (REC1, WED, Nuc, lid) that are involved in the DNA-target recognition and the activation of the catalytic RuvC domain are in turn also affected. We suggest that salt concentration should be taken in to consideration for activity assessments of Cas engineered variants, especially if the mutations are on the protospacer adjacent motif interacting domain. The results can be exploited for the engineering of Cas variants and the assessment of their activity at varying salt concentrations. We propose that the K198Q mutation can restore at great degree the compromised plasticity and could potentially lead to salt-tolerant Cas12f1 variants. The methodology can be also employed for the study of biomolecules in terms of their salinity tolerance. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
title: Role and governance of Islamic charitable institutions: the West Bank Zakat Committees (1977-2009) in the local context
Creators: name: Schäublin, Emanuel
Publisher: name: Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/007ygn379
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2009

description: CCDP Working Paper ; no. 5
Cardiovascular Risk Associated with Medical Use of Opioids and Cannabinoids: A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Wong, E.
name: Ranapurwala, S.I.
Publisher: name: Current Medicine Group LLC 1
Year: 2019

description: Purpose of Review: The long-term use of opioid and cannabinoid medications to control chronic pain and treat opioid use disorders now involves a large proportion of the population in the United States. Yet, the cardiovascular risks of opioids are not well understood. This systematic review summarizes the current literature to assess the potential cardiovascular disease risks associated with opioid and cannabinoid medications. Recent Findings: The role of long-term methadone use in increasing QT interval among people receiving methadone treatment for substance use disorders is well established. Routine electrocardiogram screenings among patients receiving methadone treatment may be helpful in early identification and prevention of ventricular arrhythmias. There is limited, but credible evidence of increased risk for myocardial infarction among patients using opioid medications for chronic pain, and equivocal evidence that opioids may lead to hypotension in the short term. Further, there is no evidence indicating that opioid pain medications increase the risk of stroke or pulmonary embolism. However, the majority of the reviewed studies include limited internal and external validity due to poor confounding control, exposure misclassification, confounding by indication, small sample size, and non-generalizable special populations. We also did not find any human studies evaluating the cardiovascular effects of cannabinoids. Summary: While the effects of methadone on cardiac conduction are well known and interventions at the healthcare practice level may help prevent potential harm, more good quality research is needed to better understand cardiovascular risk associated with the use of opioids and cannabinoids.
On the convergence of multiple ergodic means
Creators: name: Karagulyan, Grigori A.
name: Lacey, Michael T.
name: Martirosyan, Vahan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37A30, 37A46, 42B25

description: Given sequence of measure preserving transformations $\{U_k:\,k=1,2,\ldots, n\}$ on a measurable space $(X,μ)$. We prove a.e. convergence of the ergodic means \begin{equation} \frac{1}{s_1\cdots s_{n}}\sum_{j_1=0}^{s_1-1}\cdots\sum_{j_n=0}^{s_n-1}f\left(U_1^{j_1}\cdots U_n^{j_n} x \right) \end{equation} as $\min_j s_j\to\infty $, for any function $f\in L\log^{d-1}(X)$, where $d\le n$ is the rank of the transformations. The result gives a generalization of a theorem by N. Dunford and A. Zygmund, claiming the convergence of the means in a narrower class of functions $L\log^{n-1}(X)$.
description: 15 pages
The Positive Mass Theorem for Multiple Rotating Charged Black Holes
Creators: name: Khuri, Marcus
name: Weinstein, Gilbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper a lower bound for the ADM mass is given in terms of the angular momenta and charges of black holes present in axisymmetric initial data sets for the Einstein-Maxwell equations. This generalizes the mass-angular momentum-charge inequality obtained by Chrusciel and Costa to the case of multiple black holes. We also weaken the hypotheses used in the proof of this result for single black holes, and establish the associated rigidity statement.
description: 27 pages; final version
Public health application of predictive modeling: An example from farm vehicle crashes
Creators: name: Young, T.
name: Ramirez, M.R.
name: Peek-Asa, C.
name: Wu, H.
name: Cavanaugh, J.E.
name: Ranapurwala, S.I.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd.
Year: 2019

description: Background: The goal of predictive modelling is to identify the likelihood of future events, such as the predictive modelling used in climate science to forecast weather patterns and significant weather occurrences. In public health, increasingly sophisticated predictive models are used to predict health events in patients and to screen high risk individuals, such as for cardiovascular disease and breast cancer. Although causal modelling is frequently used in epidemiology to identify risk factors, predictive modelling provides highly useful information for individual risk prediction and for informing courses of treatment. Such predictive knowledge is often of great utility to physicians, counsellors, health education specialists, policymakers or other professionals, who may then advice course correction or interventions to prevent adverse health outcomes from occurring. In this manuscript, we use an example dataset that documents farm vehicle crashes and conventional statistical methods to forecast the risk of an injury or death in a farm vehicle crash for a specific individual or a scenario. Results: Using data from 7094 farm crashes that occurred between 2005 and 2010 in nine mid-western states, we demonstrate and discuss predictive model fitting approaches, model validation techniques using external datasets, and the calculation and interpretation of predicted probabilities. We then developed two automated risk prediction tools using readily available software packages. We discuss best practices and common limitations associated with predictive models built from observational datasets. Conclusions: Predictive analysis offers tools that could aid the decision making of policymakers, physicians, and environmental health practitioners to improve public health.
Interface Engineering Enabled Low Temperature Growth of Magnetic Insulator on Topological Insulator
Creators: name: Bhattacharjee, Nirjhar
name: Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy
name: Will-Cole, Alexandria
name: Wei, Yuyi
name: Fedorko, Adrian
name: Bowers, Cynthia T.
name: Page, Michael
name: McConney, Michael
name: Heiman, Don
name: Sun, Nian Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combining topological insulators (TIs) and magnetic materials in heterostructures is crucial for advancing spin-based electronics. Magnetic insulators (MIs) can be deposited on TIs using the spin-spray process, which is a unique non-vacuum, low-temperature growth process. TIs have highly reactive surfaces that oxidize upon exposure to atmosphere, making it challenging to grow spin-spray ferrites on TIs. In this work, it is demonstrated that a thin titanium capping layer on TI, followed by oxidation in atmosphere to produce a thin TiOx interfacial layer, protects the TI surface, without significantly compromising spin transport from the magnetic material across the TiOx to the TI surface states. First, it was demonstrated that in Bi2Te3/TiOx/Ni80Fe20 heterostructures that TiOx provided an excellent barrier against diffusion of magnetic species, yet maintained a large spin-pumping effect. Second, the TiOx was also used as a protective capping layer on Bi2Te3, followed by the spin-spray growth of the MI, NixZnyFe2O4 (NZFO). For the thinnest TiOx barriers, Bi2Te3/TiOx/NZFO samples had AFM disordered interfacial layer because of diffusion. With increasing TiOx barrier thickness, the diffusion was reduced, but still maintained strong interfacial spin-pumping interaction. These experimental results demonstrate a novel method of low-temperature growth of magnetic insulators on TIs enabled by interface engineering.
description: 40 pages, 10 figures
Resistance to change: Challenges and opportunities in digital higher education
Creators: name: Deacon, Bronwen
name: Laufer, Melissa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In the higher education landscape, resistance to change is not a new phenomenon. Anyone involved in change processes at universities inevitably encounters resistance—both on an individual and organisational level. During the ongoing digital transformation of teaching, especially throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, resistance has manifested in new ways. Our study shows how these forms of resistance develop and how universities can learn to better understand and address them.
Quantum Computer and Cybersecurity a Theoretical Analysis.docx
Creators: name: tan, jek
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 510803
subject: Quantum information, computation and communication
classificationCode: 460603
subject: Cyberphysical systems and internet of things

description: Quantum computing harnesses the power of quantum-mechanical principles to store and process data, allowing for a much higher computation speed compared to that of classical computers. This improved processing capability poses a risk to traditional cybersecurity methods, ushering in a new era of security measures that are specially tailored to handle quantum-resistant algorithms. In this regard, the future of cybersecurity is closely intertwined with the developments in quantum computing.
ВНУТРЕННИЙ МИР ЖЕНЩИН  В  АНГЛИЙСКОЙ  «ЖЕНСКОЙ ПРОЗЕ»
Creators: name: Муртазаева, Ф.Р.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: В статье автор рассматривает способы раскрытия внутреннего мира персонажей в «женской прозе» Джойс Кэрол Оутс и Хелен Филдинг. Авторы « женской прозы» используют множество приемов психологического изображения: это и различная организация повествования, и использование художественных деталей, и способы описания внутреннего мира
Thermodynamics of AdS planar black holes and holography
Creators: name: Bilic, Neven
name: Fabris, Julio C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large AdS Schwarzschild black hole can be approximated by an AdS planar black hole. However, the temperature of a planar black hole is not well defined due to the translational invariance of the horizon. We propose to fix this arbitrariness by imposing the entropy area law. Furthermore, using the AdS/CFT holography, we propose a relationship between the temperatures of an AdS planar and large AdS Schwarzschild black holes.
description: 13 pages, clarifying comments added, typos corrected, published in JHEP
Failure of a neutrino-driven explosion after core-collapse may lead to a thermonuclear supernova
Creators: name: Kushnir, Doron
name: Katz, Boaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that $\sim10\,\textrm{s}$ after the core-collapse of a massive star, a thermonuclear explosion of the outer shells is possible for some (tuned) initial density and composition profiles, assuming that the neutrinos failed to explode the star. The explosion may lead to a successful supernova, as first suggested by Burbidge et al. We perform a series of one-dimensional (1D) calculations of collapsing massive stars with simplified initial density profiles (similar to the results of stellar evolution calculations) and various compositions (not similar to 1D stellar evolution calculations). We assume that the neutrinos escaped with a negligible effect on the outer layers, which inevitably collapse. As the shells collapse, they compress and heat up adiabatically, enhancing the rate of thermonuclear burning. In some cases, where significant shells of mixed helium and oxygen are present with pre-collapsed burning times of $\lesssim100\,\textrm{s}$ ($\approx10$ times the free-fall time), a thermonuclear detonation wave is ignited, which unbinds the outer layers of the star, leading to a supernova. The energy released is small, $\lesssim10^{50}\,\textrm{erg}$, and negligible amounts of synthesized material (including $^{56}$Ni) are ejected, implying that these 1D simulations are unlikely to represent typical core-collapse supernovae. However, they do serve as a proof of concept that the core-collapse-induced thermonuclear explosions are possible, and more realistic two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulations are within current computational capabilities.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures. ApJ accepted. Some minor revisions
Smoking Practices in New York City: The Use of a Population-Based Survey to Guide Policy-Making and Programming
Creators: name: Mostashari, Farzad
name: Frieden, Thomas R.
name: Hajat, Anjum
name: Miller, Nancy
name: Kerker, Bonnie D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: No Abstract.
Gesture-aware Interactive Machine Teaching with In-situ Object Annotations
Creators: name: Zhou, Zhongyi
name: Yatani, Koji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Interactive Machine Teaching (IMT) systems allow non-experts to easily create Machine Learning (ML) models. However, existing vision-based IMT systems either ignore annotations on the objects of interest or require users to annotate in a post-hoc manner. Without the annotations on objects, the model may misinterpret the objects using unrelated features. Post-hoc annotations cause additional workload, which diminishes the usability of the overall model building process. In this paper, we develop LookHere, which integrates in-situ object annotations into vision-based IMT. LookHere exploits users' deictic gestures to segment the objects of interest in real time. This segmentation information can be additionally used for training. To achieve the reliable performance of this object segmentation, we utilize our custom dataset called HuTics, including 2040 front-facing images of deictic gestures toward various objects by 170 people. The quantitative results of our user study showed that participants were 16.3 times faster in creating a model with our system compared to a standard IMT system with a post-hoc annotation process while demonstrating comparable accuracies. Additionally, models created by our system showed a significant accuracy improvement ($ΔmIoU=0.466$) in segmenting the objects of interest compared to those without annotations.
description: UIST 2022
Patterns of variation in dietary composition among four populations of alpine salamanders (Salamandra atra prenjensis)
Creators: name: Šunje, Emina
name: Courant, Julien
name: Vesnić, Adi
name: Koren, Toni
name: Bilela, Lada Lukić
name: Damme, Raoul Van
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2022
Subjects: Ecology not elsewhere classified

description: In this paper we studied the diet in four allopatric populations of alpine salamanders in the Dinarides (Salamandra atra prenjensis). Food consumption was assessed by stomach flushing while food availability by pitfall traps and netting. We aimed to: (i) assess the realized dietary niche, (ii) investigate prey preferences, (ii) explore individual specialization, clustering and nestedness. All populations have an equally wide dietary span that is among the largest reported for terrestrial salamanders. On the other hand, the amount of ingested prey is rather low compared to other salamander species; the quantity of consumed prey did not differ among populations but younger individuals fed more than adults. Food composition somewhat differed among populations but not among sex/age classes. In all four populations, the bulk of diet consisted of beetles, spiders, snails and millipedes; except for beetles, such prey was also preffered together with centipedes and isopods. For most of the prey categories, the direction of the electivity indices was the same across populations. In none of the populations a nested pattern in the interindividual subdivision of dietary resources was registered. However, indications for individual specialization and modularity were observed disclosing that the broad niche of populations is composed of smaller individual niches that cluster along the dietary axis. Overall, the four populations have very similar structural characteristics of the dietary niche and there is little evidence for local dietary differentiation probably due to the absence of drivers for change.
Syndromic treatment of gonococcal and chlamydial infections in women seeking primary care for the genital discharge syndrome: decision-making.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: The syndromic treatment of gonococcal and chlamydial infections in women seeking primary care in clinics where resources are scarce, as recommended by WHO and implemented in many developing countries, necessitates a balance to be struck between overtreatment and undertreatment. The present paper identifies factors that are relevant to the selection of specific strategies for syndromic treatment in the above circumstances. Among them are the general aspects of decision-making and caveats concerning the rational decision-making approach. The positive and negative implications are outlined of providing or withholding treatment following a specific algorithm with a given accuracy to detect infection, i.e. sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. Other decision-making considerations that are identified are related to implementation and include the stability of risk factors with regard to time, space and the implementer, acceptability by stakeholders, and environmental constraints. There is a need to consider empirically developed treatment algorithms as a basis for policy discourse, to be evaluated together with the evidence, alternatives and arguments by the stakeholders.
Improving immunization equity through a public-private partnership in Cambodia.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects on immunization equity of the large-scale contracting of primary health-care services in rural areas of Cambodia. METHODS: Data were obtained pre-intervention and post-intervention from a large-scale quasi-experiment in contracting with nongovernmental organizations to provide primary health care in nine rural districts of Cambodia between 1999 and mid-2001. Coverage targets and equity targets for all primary health-care services, including immunization of children, were explicitly included in the contracts awarded in five of nine rural districts which together have a population of over 1.25 million people. The remaining four districts used the traditional government model for providing services and were given identical targets. FINDINGS: After the 2.5 years of the trial, bivariate and multivariate analyses of the results suggested that although there was a substantial increase in the proportion of children who were fully immunized in all districts, children in the poorest 50% of households in the districts served by contractors were more likely to be fully immunized than poor children living in similar circumstances in districts using the government's model, all other things being equal. CONCLUSION: The contracting approach described in this paper suggests a means of moving towards a more equitable distribution of immunization services in developing countries.
Evidence of Dilute Ferromagnetism in Rare-Earth doped YAG
Creators: name: Farr, W. G.
name: Goryachev, M.
name: Floch, J. M. le
name: Bushev, P.
name: Tobar, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work demonstrates strong coupling regime between an Erbium ion spin ensemble and microwave Hybrid Cavity-Whispering Gallery Modes in a Yttrium Aluminium Garnet dielectric crystal. Coupling strengths of $220$~MHz and mode quality factors in excess of $10^6$ are demonstrated. Moreover, the magnetic response of high-Q modes demonstrates behaviour which is unusual for paramagnetic systems. This behaviour includes hysteresis and memory effects. Such qualitative change of the system's magnetic field response is interpreted as a phase transition of Rare Earth ion impurities. This phenomenon is similar to the phenomenon of dilute ferromagnetism in semiconductors. The clear temperature dependence of the phenomenon is demonstrated.
Efficiency of optically pumping a quantum battery and a two-stroke heat engine
Creators: name: Santos, Tiago F. F.
name: Santos, Marcelo F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the efficiency of charging a quantum battery through optical pumping. The battery consists of a qutrit and it is connected to a natural thermal reservoir and an external coherent drive in the limit where its upper energy level can be adiabatically eliminated from the dynamics. In this scenario, the drive plus spontaneous emission optically pumps the intermediate energy level of the qutrit and the battery can be understood as being charged by an effective higher temperature reservoir that takes it out of equilibrium with the natural reservoir and stores useful energy in it. We also analyse the efficiency of using this battery and charging scheme as the work fluid of a two-stroke thermal machine. The thermal machine includes a fourth level through which work is extracted from the battery via a unitary transformation, therefore setting the limit of maximum efficiency of the machine.
description: accepted in Phys. Rev. A
Tropical optimization problems in time-constrained project scheduling
Creators: name: Krivulin, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 65K10 (Primary), 15A80, 65K05, 90C48, 90B35 (Secondary)

description: We consider a project that consists of activities to be performed in parallel under various temporal constraints, which include start-start, start-finish and finish-start precedence relationships, release times, deadlines, and due dates. Scheduling problems are formulated to find optimal schedules for the project with respect to different objective functions to be minimized, such as the project makespan, the maximum deviation from the due dates, the maximum flow-time, and the maximum deviation of finish times. We represent these problems as optimization problems in terms of tropical mathematics, and then solve them by applying direct solution methods of tropical optimization. As a result, new direct solutions of the scheduling problems are obtained in a compact vector form, which is ready for further analysis and practical implementation. The solutions are illustrated by simple numerical examples.
description: 28 pages
Cost and results of information systems for health and poverty indicators in the United Republic of Tanzania.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: OBJECTIVE: To examine the costs of complementary information generation activities in a resource-constrained setting and compare the costs and outputs of information subsystems that generate the statistics on poverty, health and survival required for monitoring, evaluation and reporting on health programmes in the United Republic of Tanzania. METHODS: Nine systems used by four government agencies or ministries were assessed. Costs were calculated from budgets and expenditure data made available by information system managers. System coverage, quality assurance and information production were reviewed using questionnaires and interviews. Information production was characterized in terms of 38 key sociodemographic indicators required for national programme monitoring. FINDINGS: In 2002-03 approximately US$ 0.53 was spent per Tanzanian citizen on the nine information subsystems that generated information on 37 of the 38 selected indicators. The census and reporting system for routine health service statistics had the largest participating populations and highest total costs. Nationally representative household surveys and demographic surveillance systems (which are not based on nationally representative samples) produced more than half the indicators and used the most rigorous quality assurance. Five systems produced fewer than 13 indicators and had comparatively high costs per participant. CONCLUSION: Policy-makers and programme planners should be aware of the many trade-offs with respect to system costs, coverage, production, representativeness and quality control when making investment choices for monitoring and evaluation. In future, formal cost-effectiveness studies of complementary information systems would help guide investments in the monitoring, evaluation and planning needed to demonstrate the impact of poverty-reduction and health programmes.
Sample registration of vital events with verbal autopsy: a renewed commitment to measuring and monitoring vital statistics.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Registration of births, recording deaths by age, sex and cause, and calculating mortality levels and differentials are fundamental to evidence-based health policy, monitoring and evaluation. Yet few of the countries with the greatest need for these data have functioning systems to produce them despite legislation providing for the establishment and maintenance of vital registration. Sample vital registration (SVR), when applied in conjunction with validated verbal autopsy procedures and implemented in a nationally representative sample of population clusters represents an affordable, cost-effective, and sustainable short- and medium-term solution to this problem. SVR complements other information sources by producing age-, sex-, and cause-specific mortality data that are more complete and continuous than those currently available. The tools and methods employed in an SVR system, however, are imperfect and require rigorous validation and continuous quality assurance; sampling strategies for SVR are also still evolving. Nonetheless, interest in establishing SVR is rapidly growing in Africa and Asia. Better systems for reporting and recording data on vital events will be sustainable only if developed hand-in-hand with existing health information strategies at the national and district levels; governance structures; and agendas for social research and development monitoring. If the global community wishes to have mortality measurements 5 or 10 years hence, the foundation stones of SVR must be laid today.
Axonopsalbia indica Cook 1967
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Aturidae
Axonopsalbia
Axonopsalbia indica

description: Axonopsalbia indica Cook, 1967
Records from the study area: Kerala—Cook (1967); Prasad (1974).
Habitat: Mountain streams.
Distribution: India.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
From moments of the distribution function to hydrodynamics: The non-conformal case
Creators: name: Jaiswal, Sunil
name: Blaizot, Jean-Paul
name: Bhalerao, Rajeev S.
name: Chen, Zenan
name: Jaiswal, Amaresh
name: Yan, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the one-dimensional boost-invariant Boltzmann equation in the relaxation-time approximation using special moments of the distribution function for a system with a finite particle mass. The infinite hierarchy of moments can be truncated by keeping only the three lowest moments that correspond to the three independent components of the energy-momentum tensor. We show that such a three-moment truncation reproduces accurately the exact solution of the kinetic equation after a simple renormalization that takes into account the effects of the neglected higher moments. We derive second-order Israel-Stewart hydrodynamic equations from the three-moment equations, and show that, for most physically relevant initial conditions, these equations yield results comparable to those of the three-moment truncation, albeit less accurate. We attribute this feature to the fact that the structure of Israel-Stewart equations is similar to that of the three-moment truncation. In particular, the presence of the relaxation term in the Israel-Stewart equations, yields an early-time regime that mimics approximately the collisionless regime. A detailed comparison of the three-moment truncation with second-order non-conformal hydrodynamics reveals ambiguities in the definition of second-order transport coefficients. These ambiguities affect the ability of Israel-Stewart hydrodynamics to reproduce results of kinetic theory.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures (manuscript now in PRC format)
The Nielsen identities in screened theories
Creators: name: Siringo, Fabio
name: Comitini, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One-loop explicit expressions are derived for the gluon Nielsen identity in the formalism of the screened massive expansion for Yang-Mills theory. The gauge-parameter-independence of the poles and residues is discussed in a strict perturbative context and, more generally, in extended resummation schemes. No exact formal proof was reached by the approximate resummation schemes, but some evidence is gathered in favor of an exact invariance of the phase, consistently with previous numerical studies.
Improving Perioperative Outcomes for Older People Undergoing Surgery
Creators: name: LODGE, MARGOT ELIZABETH
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 420312
subject: Implementation science and evaluation
classificationCode: 320210
subject: Geriatrics and gerontology
classificationCode: 320226
subject: Surgery

description: As the number of older people undergoing surgery increases, so too does the need to provide high-quality care to these people. Such models of care do exist, but they are complex and not commonly used. My thesis examines the models of care for older people undergoing surgery in three hospitals. It describes the components of these models and how they are implemented. I examine ways to measure the pre- and post-surgical outcomes of this care from the perspectives of older people. I present a guide I developed with healthcare providers, that supports the implementation of these models of care in local hospitals.
Survival after burn in a sub-Saharan burn unit: Challenges and opportunities
Creators: name: Mjuweni, Steven N.
name: Samuel, Jonathan C.
name: Kiser, Michelle M.
name: Boschini, Laura P.
name: Tyson, Anna F.
name: Cairns, Bruce A.
name: Charles, Anthony G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Burns are among the most devastating of all injuries and a major global public health crisis, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In developed countries, aggressive management of burns continues to lower overall mortality and increase lethal total body surface area (TBSA) at which 50% of patients die (LA50). However, lack of resources and inadequate infrastructure significantly impede such improvements in developing countries.
Doctor-Patient Communication on the Telephone
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1989

description: Since its invention, the telephone has been an important tool in medical practice, particularly for primary care physicians. Approximately half the calls made to a physician's office during regular consulting hours are for clinical problems and most are handled effectively over the phone without an immediate office visit. Telephone encounters are generally very brief, and managing such calls requires a pragmatic approach that is often quite different from the approach taken in the office visit. The telephone encounter should be recognized and recorded as a specific medical interaction in the medical chart for both clinical and legal reasons. Effective telephone encounters depend on good communication skills; decision making regarding disposition is a major goal. The physician's perception of a medical problem may be different from the patient's; patients are frequently seeking advice and reassurance rather than diagnosis and treatment, and may call because of anxiety and psychological stress. For physicians and their families who are not prepared for after-hours telephone encounters, calls that interrupt more "legitimate" activities may result in anger or frustration for the physician and dissatisfaction for the patient.
Magnetic, thermal, and magnetocaloric properties of the holmium trialuminide HoAl$_{3}$ with polytypic phases
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Takafumi D.
name: de Castro, Pedro Baptista
name: Terashima, Kensei
name: Saito, Akiko T.
name: Takeya, Hiroyuki
name: Takano, Yoshihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the magnetic, thermal, and magnetocaloric properties of the intermetallic HoAl$_{3}$ compounds with two different crystal structures. The room-temperature equilibrium trigonal phase HoAl$_{3}$ undergoes an antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition at the Neel temperature $T^{\rm tri}_{\rm N} =$ 9.8 K. The AFM ordering of the compound is strong against the magnetic field, so that inverse magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is found even under a magnetic field change of 0-50 kOe. The high-pressure cubic phase HoAl3, prepared by a rapid-solidification process, is antiferromagnetically ordered below $T^{\rm cub}_{\rm N} =$ 15 K. Magnetic and specific heat measurements reveal that this long-range AFM state becomes unstable as the temperature drops and then it is replaced by a magnetic glassy state below a spin freezing temperature $T_{\rm f} =$ 11 K. The successive changes in magnetic state result in complicated temperature and field dependence of the MCE at low temperatures.
description: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Accepted