Additional file 1 of Rapid metabolite response in leaf blade and petiole as a marker for shade avoidance syndrome
Creators: name: Sng, Benny Jian Rong
name: Gajendra Pratap Singh
name: Vu, Kien Van
name: Nam-Hai Chua
name: Ram, Rajeev J.
name: Jang, In-Cheol
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Verification of shade conditions and determining leaf number of Arabidopsis plant for Raman spectroscopy. a Measurements of petiole length and leaf blade area of wild type (Col-0) Arabidopsis plants grown in shade conditions. Bars denote average ± SE (n = 4). b Left panel, schematic diagram of purpose-built Raman Spectroscopy system used in this study. Right panel, photograph of the Raman Spectroscopy system. Inset shows the leaf of a plant resting on the sample holder for measurement. c Left panel, Raman spectrum for each leaf number. Inset focused on 1521 cm−1 Raman peak. Right panel, measured peak intensities at 1521 cm−1 Raman shift. Bars denote average ± SE (n = 8). d Development of leaf number 3 of Arabidopsis plant. Numbers represent leaf number, according to order of development. C represents cotyledon. Scale, 1 cm. WL, white light; MS, moderate shade; DS, deep shade; DAG, days after germination. Fig. S2. Raman spectra of Arabidopsis plant under shade conditions. a Raman spectra of Arabidopsis leaf blades and petioles under different shade conditions. (leaf blade: n = 8, petiole: n = 4). b Three-dimensional principal component analysis (PCA) plot of wild type (Col-0) Arabidopsis under shade conditions. c Raman spectra for carotenoid standards. WL, white light; MS, moderate shade; DS, deep shade. Fig. S3. Raman spectra of same-age wild type (Col-0) Arabidopsis plants with different duration of shade treatment. Number of hours (h) or days (d) represents the duration of shade treatment. Control plants are not exposed to shade. (leaf blade: n = 10, petiole: n = 8). Fig. S4. Raman spectra of Arabidopsis plants from seedling to mature stage in time-course shade experiment. a Phenotype of plants at different age and different durations of shade treatment. 10-days-old plants were subjected to 7 days treatment of white light (WL) or deep shade (DS). b Carotenoids Raman peak of plants in a. Dashed line indicates difference in peak intensity between WL and DS. DAG, days after germination. Fig. S5. Raman spectra of Arabidopsis phytochrome mutants under shade conditions. a Petiole length and leaf blade area of phyB-9BC and phyA-211 under shade. Bars denote average ± SE (n = 3). b Raman spectra of leaf blades and petioles of phyB-9BC and phyA-211 in a (leaf blade: n = 8, petiole: n = 4). WL, white light; MS, moderate shade; DS, deep shade. Fig. S6. Raman spectra of wild type (Col-0) Arabidopsis leaf blades and petioles in low to high density planting. (leaf blade: n = 5, petiole: n = 3). Fig. S7. Raman spectra of leafy vegetables under shade conditions. a Development of leaf number 1 (blue arrowhead) in vegetables. Scale, 2 cm. b Measurements of petiole length, leaf blade area, hypocotyl length, and epicotyl length of Kai Lan and Choy Sum grown in shade conditions. Bars denote average ± SE (n = 3). c Raman spectra of leaf blades and petioles of Kai Lan and Choy Sum in a (leaf blade: n=8, petiole: n = 4). WL, white light; MS, moderate shade; DS, deep shade; C, cotyledon. Fig. S8. Raman spectra of leafy vegetables with different duration of shade treatment. a Raman spectra of leaf blades and petioles of Kai Lan (n = 5). b Raman spectra of leaf blades and petioles of Choy Sum (n = 4). Fig. S9. Raman spectra of leafy vegetables in high density planting. a Measurements of petiole length, leaf blade area, hypocotyl length, and epicotyl length of Kai Lan and Choy Sum grown in low to high density conditions. Bars denote average ± SE (n = 4). b Raman spectra of leaf blades and petioles of Kai Lan and Choy Sum in a (leaf blade: n = 6, petiole: n = 4). Fig. S10. Raman spectra of various plant species under shade conditions. (Baby Bok Choy: leaf blade n = 7, petiole n = 4; Bok Choy ‘Purple King’: leaf blade n = 6, petiole n = 6; Romaine Lettuce: leaf blade n = 6, petiole n = 6; Nicotiana benthamiana: leaf blade n = 3, petiole n = 3; Nicotiana tabacum: leaf blade n = 6, petiole n = 3). WL, white light; MS, moderate shade; DS, deep shade.