cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supplemental material from Genotype-by-environment interactions influence the composition of the Drosophila seminal proteome
Creators: name: Zeender, Valérian
name: Pfammatter, Sibylle
name: Roschitzki, Bernd
name: Dorus, Steve
name: Lüpold, Stefan
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Supplemental figures and methods
Historisches Lernen in der Grundschule zwischen nationaler Identitätsbildung und fachwissenschaftlicher Rationalität - ein Schweizer Beispiel
Creators: name: Kübler, Markus
Publisher: name: widerstreit sachunterricht
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: 000

description: Der folgende Beitrag untersucht die in der Grundschule verbreiteten Lehrmittel, reflektiert die Situation an den schweizerischen Primarschulen, fragt nach den Bedingungen des Transfers von neuen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen in die Grundschule aus der Sicht der LehrerInnenbildung.
Ökumene: Das Gespräch der Kirchen Ozeaniens miteinander und mit ihrer Region
Creators: name: Solomone, Kafoa A.
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 46 Nr. 5 (2010): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 46, Heft 5
Splitting cubic circle graphs
Creators: name: Traldi, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that every 3-regular circle graph has at least two pairs of twin vertices; consequently no such graph is prime with respect to the split decomposition. We also deduce that up to isomorphism, K_4 and K_{3,3} are the only 3-connected, 3-regular circle graphs.
description: 18 pages, 15 figures
Requiem und Dies irae im populären Film
Creators: name: Feulner, Hans-Jürgen
Publisher: name: transformatio;
Year: 2022

description: Der populäre Film platziert kirchliche Rituale von Begräbnismesse und Beerdigung bewusst in seinen Dramaturgien. Die Melodie des heute kaum mehr gebräuchlichen mittelalterlichen Gesangs aus dem Requiem Dies irae wurde in der Filmmusik in ein Symbol für Tod und Grauen transformiert.
description: transformatio;, Nr. 2 (2022): Requiem
Compositional Quantum Field Theory: An axiomatic presentation
Creators: name: Oeckl, Robert
name: Almada, Juan Orendain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce Compositional Quantum Field Theory (CQFT) as an axiomatic model of Quantum Field Theory, based on the principles of locality and compositionality. Our model is a refinement of the axioms of General Boundary Quantum Field Theory, and is phrased in terms of correspondences between certain commuting diagrams of gluing identifications between manifolds and corresponding commuting diagrams of state-spaces and linear maps, thus making it amenable to formalization in terms of involutive symmetric monoidal functors and operad algebras. The underlying novel framework for gluing leads to equivariance of CQFT. We study CQFTs in dimension 2 and the algebraic structure they define on open and closed strings. We also consider, as a particular case, the compositional structure of 2-dimensional pure quantum Yang-Mills theory.
description: 64 pages, many figures; v2: improved introduction and section on 2d CQFT; v3: typos corrected
title: Kombination mehrzoniger Keratometrie und swept source OCT zur refraktiven Hornhautdiagnostik
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Peter
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Fragestellung: Durch die Kombination von mehrzoniger Keratometrie mit OCT können detailliertere Information über die Brechungseigenschaften der Hornhaut gewonnen werden, insbesondere die Gesamtbrechkraft und der korneale Gesamtastigmatismus. Dieses Messprinzip ist im Zeiss IOMaster 700 verwirklicht.[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 33. Kongress der Deutschsprachigen Gesellschaft für Intraokularlinsen-Implantation, Interventionelle und Refraktive Chirurgie (DGII)
Impact of pairing correlations on the orientation of the nuclear
Creators: name: Zhao, P. W.
name: Zhang, S. Q.
name: Meng, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the first time, the tilted axis cranking covariant density functional theory with pairing correlations has been formulated and implemented in a fully self-consistent and microscopic way to investigate the evolution of the spin axis and the pairing effects in rotating triaxial nuclei. The measured energy spectrum and transition probabilities for the Nd-135 yrast band are reproduced well without any ad hoc renormalization factors when pairing effects are taken into account. A transition from collective to chiral rotation has been demonstrated. It is found that pairing correlations introduce additional admixtures in the single-particle orbitals, and, thus, influence the structure of tilted axis rotating nuclei by reducing the magnitude of the proton and neutron angular momenta while merging their direction.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
title: Genauigkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit okulärer Parameter der Pentacam AXL im Vergleich mit dem IOL Master 700
Creators: name: Baur, Isabella
name: Gelen, D.
name: Yildirim, T. M.
name: Usinger, J.
name: Conrad-Hengerer, I.
name: Hengerer, F.
name: Auffarth, G. U.
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Hintergrund: Ziel der Studie ist der Vergleich der Messungen von Achslänge und Parametern des Augenvorderabschnitts durch die Pentacam AXL (Oculus Optikgeräte Deutschland) und durch den IOL Master 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec Germany). Die Pentacam AXL kombiniert die Scheimpflug Technologie mit[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 33. Kongress der Deutschsprachigen Gesellschaft für Intraokularlinsen-Implantation, Interventionelle und Refraktive Chirurgie (DGII)
Anders vom „österlichen Sinn des christlichen Todes“ (SC 81) singen
Creators: name: Zerfaß, Alexander
Publisher: name: transformatio;
Year: 2022

description: Die Schreckensbilder aus dem „Dies irae“, eines häufig rezipierten Gesangs aus dem mittelalterlichen Requiem, sind Auftakt zu einem Gebet an den göttlichen Richter, der Menschen aus Gnade rettet. Gerade im Angesicht des Todes werden ernste Gottesbilder zum Thema. Dies zeigt auch das Lied „Ich steh vor Dir mit leeren Händen, Herr“, das ebenfalls in eine Hoffnungsperspektive mündet.
description: transformatio;, Nr. 2 (2022): Requiem
title: Alters-Drift des kornealen Astigmatismus
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Peter
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Fragestellung: Der korneale Astigmatismus ist die Grundlage für Berechnung und Auswahl torischer Linsen. Wie veränderlich ist der korneale Astigmatismus als Funktion des Lebensalters? Methodik: Wir haben automatische Keratometrien (Zeiss IOLMaster V5) von 30840 Patienten ausgewertet[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 33. Kongress der Deutschsprachigen Gesellschaft für Intraokularlinsen-Implantation, Interventionelle und Refraktive Chirurgie (DGII)
Fidelity Study of Superconductivity in Extended Hubbard Models
Creators: name: Plonka, N.
name: Jia, C. J.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Moritz, B.
name: Devereaux, T. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hubbard model with local on-site repulsion is generally thought to possess a superconducting ground-state for appropriate parameters, but the effects of more realistic long-range Coulomb interactions have not been studied extensively. We study the influence of these interactions on superconductivity by including nearest and next-nearest neighbor extended Hubbard interactions in addition to the usual on-site terms. Utilizing numerical exact diagonalization, we analyze the signatures of superconductivity in the ground states through the fidelity metric of quantum information theory. We find that nearest and next-nearest neighbor interactions have thresholds above which they destabilize superconductivity regardless of whether they are attractive or repulsive, seemingly due to competing charge fluctuations.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Pteris denticulata Sw., Prodr.
Creators: name: Kessler, Michael
name: Smith, Alan R.
name: Prado, Jefferson
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Polypodiopsida
Polypodiales
Pteridaceae
Pteris
Pteris denticulata

description: Pteris denticulata Sw., Prodr. 129. 1788.
 Range: — Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Guyana, Bolivia (CH, CO, LP, SC, TA), Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.
 Ecology: —Common; in forests along river margins; 150–2000 m.
 Notes: —Fronds 1-pinnate-pinnatifid (or sometimes 2-pinnate-pinnatifid); rachises winged; proximal pinnae varying from furcate to pinnatifid, usually on the basiscopic side; margins of segments denticulate, venation copiously areolate, with areoles becoming smaller toward margins of blades.
description: Published as part of Kessler, Michael, Smith, Alan R. & Prado, Jefferson, 2017, Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXVII. Pteridaceae, pp. 201-250 in Phytotaxa 332 (3) on page 227, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13723685
Self-assessment of social cognitive ability in individuals with schizophrenia: Appraising task difficulty and allocation of effort
Creators: name: Harvey, Philip D.
name: Penn, David L.
name: Cornacchio, Danielle
name: Pinkham, Amy E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Patients with severe mental illnesses manifest substantial deficits in self-assessment of the abilities that impact everyday functioning. This study compares patients with schizophrenia to healthy individuals on their social cognitive performance, their assessment of that performance, and the convergence between performance and indicators of effort in solving tasks. Patients with schizophrenia (n=57) and healthy controls (HC; n=47) completed the Bell-Lysaker Emotion Recognition Test (BLERT), a psychometrically sound assessment of emotion recognition. Participants rated their confidence in the accuracy of their responses after each item. Participants were instructed to respond as rapidly as possible without sacrificing accuracy; the time to complete each item was recorded. Patients with schizophrenia performed less accurately on the BLERT than HC. Both patients and HC were more confident on items that they correctly answered than for items with errors, with patients being less confident overall; there was no significant interaction for confidence between group and accuracy. HC demonstrated a more substantial adjustment of response time to task difficulty by taking considerably longer to solve items that they got wrong, whereas patients showed only a minimal adjustment. These results expand knowledge about both self-assessment of social cognitive performance and the ability to appraise difficulty and adjust effort to social cognitive task demands in patients with schizophrenia.
Landau levels on a surface of weak topological insulators
Creators: name: Takane, Yositake
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A three-dimensional weak topological insulator (WTI), being equivalent to stacked layers of two-dimensional quantum spin-Hall insulators, accommodates massless Dirac electrons on its side surface. A notable feature of WTIs is that surface states typically consist of two Dirac cones in the reciprocal space. We study the Landau quantization of Dirac electrons of WTIs in a perpendicular magnetic field. It is shown that when the magnetic length $l_B$ is much larger than the interlayer distance $a$, surface electrons are quantized into Landau levels according to the ordinary quantization rule for Dirac electrons. It is also shown that, with decreasing $l_B$ toward $a$, each Landau level and its spin state become modulated in a nontrivial manner. We demonstrate that this is attributed to the mixing of two Dirac cones induced by the discreteness of the layered structure.
description: 8 pages, 12 figures
Helina crepedoseta Snyder 1940
Creators: name: LÖWENBERG-NETO, PETER
name: DE CARVALHO, CLAUDIO J. B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Muscidae
Helina
Helina crepedoseta

description: Helina crepedoseta Snyder, 1940 Distribution. Brazil, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama. BRAZIL, Distrito Federal, Brasília, -15.7797, -47.9297 (MNRJ); COSTA RICA, Higuito, San Mateo, 9.9467, - 84.5494 (MNRJ); GUATEMALA, La Providencia, Obispo (Snyder 1940a); MEXICO, Colima, Colima, 19.0983, - 104.0887 (MNRJ); PANAMA (Snyder 1940a).
description: Published as part of LÖWENBERG-NETO, PETER & DE CARVALHO, CLAUDIO J. B., 2013, Muscidae (Insecta: Diptera) of Latin America and the Caribbean: geographic distribution and check-list by country, pp. 1-147 in Zootaxa 3650 (1) on page 63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3650.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5264631
description: {"references": ["Snyder, F. M. (1940 a) New and little known tropical Helina Desvoidy, allied to Ariciella Malloch (Diptera: Muscidae). American Museum Novitates, 1060, 1 - 9."]}
Horocyclic Brunn-Minkowski inequality
Creators: name: Assouline, Rotem
name: Klartag, Bo'az
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given two non-empty subsets $A$ and $B$ of the hyperbolic plane $\mathbb{H}^2$, we define their horocyclic Minkowski sum with parameter $λ=1/2$ as the set $[A:B]_{1/2} \subseteq \mathbb{H}^2$ of all midpoints of horocycle curves connecting a point in $A$ with a point in $B$. These horocycle curves are parameterized by hyperbolic arclength, and the horocyclic Minkowski sum with parameter $0 < λ<1$ is defined analogously. We prove that when $A$ and $B$ are Borel-measurable, $$ \sqrt{ Area( [A:B]_λ )} \geq (1-λ) \cdot \sqrt{ Area(A) } + λ\cdot \sqrt{ Area(B) }, $$ where $Area$ stands for hyperbolic area, with equality when $A$ and $B$ are concentric discs in the hyperbolic plane. We also prove horocyclic versions of the Prékopa-Leindler and Borell-Brascamp-Lieb inequalities. These inequalities slightly deviate from the metric measure space paradigm on curvature and Brunn-Minkowski type inequalities, where the structure of a metric space is imposed on the manifold, and the relevant curves are necessarily geodesics parameterized by arclength.
description: 36 pages, 2 figures. v5: minor changes. Final version, to appear in Advances in Mathematics. v4: The paper has undergone considerable reorganization. The order of the sections has changed, and the focus is now mostly on horocycles without reference to more general path spaces
Accuracy of the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision for Identifying Infantile Eye Disease
Creators: name: Xu, Timothy T.
name: Bothun, Cole E.
name: Hendricks, Tina M.
name: Mansukhani, Sasha A.
name: Bothun, Erick D.
name: White, Launia J.
name: Mohney, Brian G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: To determine the predictive value of International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) codes for identifying infantile eye diagnoses. Population-based retrospective cohort study of all residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota diagnosed at ≤1 year of age with an ocular disorder. The medical records of all infants diagnosed with any ocular disorder from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2014, were identified. To assess ICD-9 code accuracy, the medical records of all diagnoses with ≥20 cases were individually reviewed and compared to their corresponding ICD-9 codes. Main outcome measures included positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity, and specificity of ICD-9 codes. In a cohort of 5,109 infants with ≥1 eye-related ICD-9 code, 10 ocular diagnoses met study criteria. The most frequent diagnoses were conjunctivitis (N = 1,695) and congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (N = 1,250), while the least common was physiologic anisocoria (N = 23). The PPVs ranged from 8.3% to 88.0%, NPVs from 96.3% to 100%, sensitivity from 3.0% to 98.7%, and specificity from 72.6% to 99.9%. ICD-9 codes were most accurate at identifying physiologic anisocoria (PPV: 88.0%) and least accurate at identifying preseptal cellulitis (PPV: 8.3%). In eye specialists versus non-eye specialists, there was a significant difference in PPV of ICD-9 codes for conjunctivitis (26.8% vs. 63.9%, p < .001), pseudostrabismus (85.9% vs. 25.0%, p < .001), and physiologic anisocoria (95.5% vs. 33.3%, p = .002). The predictive value of ICD-9 codes for capturing infantile ocular diagnoses varied widely in this cohort. These findings emphasize the limitations of database research methodologies that solely utilize claims data to identify pediatric eye diseases.Abbreviations/Acronyms PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value; CNLDO: congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Online in alle Ewigkeit?
Creators: name: Liepold, Rainer
Publisher: name: transformatio;
Year: 2022

description: Immer mehr Todesfälle haben heute einen ,digitalen Nachhall‘. Am Zukunftshorizont der technischen Innovationen zeigen sich darüber hinaus grundsätzlich neue Möglichkeiten, den Tod ins Leben zu integrieren. Die Vision, Menschen unsterblich zu machen, ist zu einem Geschäftsmodell geworden.
description: transformatio;, Nr. 2 (2022): Requiem
„Diese Milliarden von Menschen, die sind nicht in einem Wartesaal."
Creators: name: Gässlein, Ann-Katrin
Publisher: name: transformatio;
Year: 2022

description: Vor dem Hintergrund individueller Biografien, der Bräuche des Herkunftslandes und der Situation in der Diaspora schildern Vertreter:innen muslimischer Minderheiten die rituelle Waschung und den Modus der Bestattung als einer geografischen wie auch sozialen Entscheidung. Zuletzt deuten sie den Tod mit Blick auf traditionelle islamische Glaubensvorstellungen, auf ein relevantes ethisches Verhalten und auf das Verhältnis von Individuum und Gemeinschaft.
description: transformatio;, Nr. 2 (2022): Requiem
Phänomene erschließen kann Physiklernen bedeuten: Perspektiven einer wissenschaftlichen Sachunterrichtsdidaktik am Beispiel der Lernforschung zu Phänomenen der unbelebten Natur
Creators: name: Murmann, Lydia
Publisher: name: widerstreit sachunterricht
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: 000

description: Die Sachunterrichtsdidaktik, ebenso wie andere Fachdidaktiken, braucht eigenständige Forschung, um als kundige Bezugswissenschaft für Lehrerinnen und Lehrer fungieren zu können. Ein wesentlicher Aspekt forschungsbasierter Didaktik besteht darin, lebensweltliche und fachliche Zugänge zu den jeweiligen Lerngegenständen zu kennen und diese didaktisch aufeinander zu beziehen. Dazu sind also einerseits Lernforschung und andererseits in Vermittlungsabsicht durchgeführte fachliche Klärungen bezüglich der Themen und Gegenstände des Unterrichts erforderlich. Im folgenden Artikel wird das Modell der Didaktischen Rekonstruktion vorgestellt, das einen Ansatz darstellt, forschungsbasiert didaktische Strukturierungen von Unterricht zu generieren. Zum anderen wird die Phänomenografie als Forschungszugang zu gegenstandsspezifischen Lernvoraussetzungen von Schüler/inn/en vorgestellt. Beide forschungsmethodischen Vorschläge werden ausführlich begründet und am Beispiel von Lichtphänomenen, als möglichen Gegenständen des Sachunterrichts, erläutert.
Ist gestern heute? Anmerkungen zu Dietmar von Reekens „Historisches Lernen im Sachunterricht. Eine Einführung mit Tipps für den Unterricht. Dimensionen des Sachunterrichts Band 2. Baltmannsweiler: Schneider 2004“
Creators: name: Pech, Detlef
Publisher: name: widerstreit sachunterricht
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: 000

description: Anmerkungen von Dr. Detlef Pech zu Dietmar von Reekens „Historisches Lernen im Sachunterricht. Eine Einführung mit Tipps für den Unterricht. Dimensionen des Sachunterrichts Band 2. Baltmannsweiler: Schneider 2004“
Computernutzung im Sachunterricht – am Beispiel „Wetter“
Creators: name: Scholz, Gerold
Publisher: name: widerstreit sachunterricht
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: 000

description: Der Beitrag setzt sich zunächst kritisch mit verbreiteten Konzepten zum Thema Wetter und Computer auseinander. Behauptet wird ein Widerspruch zwischen didaktischem Anspruch und didaktischer Umsetzung. Der Anspruch wird in einem handlungs- und erfahrungsorientierten Unterricht gesehen. Die Umsetzung erfolgt, so die Kritik, allerdings als eine für Grundschüler nicht verstehbare Einführung in eine Wissenschaft. Für einen handlungs- und erfahrungsorientierten Sachunterricht wird als Voraussetzung gesehen, dass die Schüler die Möglichkeit erhalten, sich öffentlich und argumentativ mit ihren Konzepten und Deutungsmustern auseinander zu setzen. Für dieses Verständnis von „offenem Unterricht“ eignet sich der Computer dann, wenn er nicht als Wissensspeicher und nicht zur Dokumentation von Ergebnissen herangezogen wird, sondern als Medium der Kommunikation und zur Dokumentierung von Prozessen. Konkret wird dies dargestellt an einem Unterrichtskonzept, in dem Schüler mehrerer Schulen Wetterprognosen vornehmen, an der Realität überprüfen und begründen.
Cataract Surgery Numbers in U.S. Ophthalmology Residency Programs: An ACGME Case Log Analysis
Creators: name: Tsou, Brittany C.
name: Vongsachang, Hursuong
name: Purt, Boonkit
name: Srikumaran, Divya
name: Justin, Grant A.
name: Woreta, Fasika A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: To describe and assess the cataract experience of ophthalmology residents throughout the United States (U.S.). Cataract procedures logged by graduating ophthalmology residents nationwide and published by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) from 2009 to 2020 were analyzed using linear regression on log-transformed response variables with robust variance. As primary surgeon, average numbers logged for phacoemulsification increased yearly by an average of 4.1% prior to 2019 and then decreased by 22.1% in 2019 for an overall average yearly increase of 2.9% (95% CI: 0.5, 5.4%, p = .03), non-phacoemulsification extracapsular extraction decreased yearly by an average of 4.6% (95% CI: −7.7, −1.5%, p = .01), other cataract/intraocular lens surgeries decreased yearly by an average of 8.4% (95% CI: −10.1, −6.6%, p < .001), anterior vitrectomies decreased yearly by an average of 12.5% (95% CI: −14.9, −10.1%, p < .001), and laser capsulotomies increased yearly by an average of 6.0% prior to 2019 and then decreased by 3.0% for an overall average yearly increase of 5.3% (95% CI: 4.5, 6.2%, p < .001). As assistant, average numbers logged in all ACGME minimum categories showed decreasing trends. Over the last decade, the average numbers of phacoemulsification and laser capsulotomies logged by residents as primary surgeon increased while other ACGME cataract minimum procedures decreased. Surgical volume in 2019–20 was lower due to the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic but higher than from 2009 to 2013.
Emergence and spread of a human-transmissible multidrug-resistant nontuberculous mycobacterium
Creators: name: Perry, Audrey
name: Thomson, Rachel
name: Drew, Richard J.
name: Desai, Maya
name: Rodriguez-Rincon, Daniela
name: Coulter, Chris
name: Evans, Jason
name: Bell, Scott C.
name: Jönsson, Bodil
name: Ruddy, Michael
name: Modha, Deborah
name: Robb, Ali
name: Johnson, Graham R.
name: MacGregor, Gordon
name: Jabbour, Nassib
name: Jones, Andrew M.
name: Chapman, Stephen J.
name: O'Brien, Deirdre
name: Ohri, Chandra
name: Van Ingen, Jakko
name: Humphrey, Helen
name: Everall, Isobel
name: O'Brien, Christopher
name: Bourke, Stephen
name: Sly, Peter D.
name: Pao, Caroline S.
name: Esther, Charles R.
name: Clayton, Andrew
name: Shafi, Nadia
name: Noone, Peadar G.
name: Sherrard, Laura J.
name: Denton, Miles
name: Mayell, Sarah
name: Giddings, Olivia
name: Hill, Emily
name: Bilton, Diana
name: Morawska, Lidia
name: Parkhill, Julian
name: Cullen, Mairi
name: West, Noreen
name: Perrin, Felicity
name: Peckham, Daniel
name: Whitehouse, Joanna
name: Bowler, Ian C. J. W.
name: Jones, Andrew
name: Lillebaek, Troels
name: Laurenson, Ian
name: Bryant, Josephine M.
name: Ramsay, Kay A.
name: Kidd, Timothy J.
name: Pandey, Sushil
name: Prtak, Laura
name: Brown, Karen P.
name: Stockwell, Rebecca E.
name: Qvist, Tavs
name: Wainwright, Claire E.
name: Moreno, Pablo
name: Pressler, Tania
name: Walshaw, Martin
name: Nash, Edward F.
name: Wood, Michelle E.
name: Katzenstein, Terese L.
name: Folb, Jonathan
name: Daniels, Thomas
name: Andres Floto,
name: Verma, Deepshikha
name: Grogono, Dorothy M.
name: Edenborough, Frank
name: Haworth, Charles S.
name: Schaffer, Kirsten
name: Dempsey, Owen
name: Ordway, Diane
name: Gilligan, Peter
name: Watson, Danie
name: Knibbs, Luke D.
name: Isalska, Barbara
name: Rodgers, Helen
name: Harris, Simon R.
name: Millar, Michael
name: Jensen-Fangel, Søren
name: Drijkoningen, Judith
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Lung infections with Mycobacterium abscessus, a species of multidrug resistant nontuberculous mycobacteria, are emerging as an important global threat to individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) where they accelerate inflammatory lung damage leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Previously, M. abscessus was thought to be independently acquired by susceptible individuals from the environment. However, using whole genome analysis of a global collection of clinical isolates, we show that the majority of M. abscessus infections are acquired through transmission, potentially via fomites and aerosols, of recently emerged dominant circulating clones that have spread globally. We demonstrate that these clones are associated with worse clinical outcomes, show increased virulence in cell-based and mouse infection models, and thus represent an urgent international infection challenge.
Ozeanien und die indigenen Theologien
Creators: name: Wainwright, Elaine Mary
name: Irarrázaval, Diego
name: Gira, Dennis
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 46 Nr. 5 (2010): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 46, Heft 5
Sterben und Leben im Islam
Creators: name: Toprakyaran, Erdal
Publisher: name: transformatio;
Year: 2022

description: In diesem Beitrag soll der Fokus auf das Sterben in der von der Mystik geprägten Theologie und Anthropologie der Sufis gelegt werden, da der Sufismus – oftmals auch als Derwischtum bezeichnet – außerhalb muslimischer Lebenswelten nicht ausreichend bekannt ist. Im Allgemeinen wird der Tod im Islam und besonders im Sufismus als eine Art Transformation oder gar Metamorphose betrachtet. Damit ist der Tod nicht das Ende des Lebens, sondern geradezu sein Anfang …
description: transformatio;, Nr. 2 (2022): Requiem
Wie fühlt sich die Zeit an? Ästhetische Zugangsweisen zum Phänomen Zeit
Creators: name: Seitz, Simone
Publisher: name: widerstreit sachunterricht
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: 000

description: Ästhetische Zugangsweisen sind in aktuellen Methodenwerken als bedeutsamer Zugang zu Lernfeldern des Sachunterrichts weitgehend anerkannt (vgl. von Reeken 2003; Hempel 2002). Insbesondere ästhetische Erscheinungsweisen in der Natur bzw. ästhetische Zugänge zu Naturphänomenen finden in diesem Zusammenhang bevorzugt Beachtung (vgl. Freeß 2002; Schomaker 2004). Abstraktere Themenfelder hingegen, etwa Aspekte politischen Lernens bzw. philosophische Fragestellungen werden weit seltener in diesen Diskurs eingebracht. Auch Reflexionen zum Lernfeld Zeit unter dieser Perspektive sind rar (vgl. Steinherr 1997; Schaub 2002). Dieser Umstand ist naheliegend, scheinen sich diese Themenbereiche doch auf den ersten Blick einem ästhetisch verfassten, wahrnehmungsbezogenen Zugang zu entziehen. Auch das Phänomen Zeit liegt weder anschaulich vor Augen, noch haben wir ein Sinnesorgan zu seiner direkten Erfassung. Götz konstatiert, das Lernfeld Zeit widersetze sich aufgrund seiner Sachstruktur einem „Lernen mit allen Sinnen“ (vgl. Götz 2000, 214). Auch wenn im vorliegenden Beitrag keiner Reduzierung ästhetischer Bildung auf eine Integration ‚aller Sinne‘ in Unterrichtsprozesse, wie dies Götz zu Recht kritisiert, das Wort geredet werden soll, so wird hier doch die Auffassung von Zeit als einem abstrakten Phänomen, das sich sinnlichen Wahrnehmungsprozessen entziehe (vgl. ebd.), in Frage gestellt.
Engineering extrinsic disorder to control protein activity in living cells
Creators: name: Dagliyan, Onur
name: Schlichting, Ilme
name: Chu, Pei-Hsuan
name: Tarnawski, Miroslaw
name: Hahn, Klaus M.
name: Dokholyan, Nikolay V.
name: Shirvanyants, David
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Optogenetic and chemogenetic control of proteins has revealed otherwise inaccessible facets of signaling dynamics. Here we use light or ligand-sensitive domains to modulate the structural disorder of diverse proteins, thereby generating robust allosteric switches. Sensory domains were inserted into non-conserved, surface exposed loops that were tight and identified computationally as allosterically coupled to active sites. Allosteric switches introduced into motility signaling proteins (kinases, GTPases, guanine exchange factors) controlled conversion between conformations closely resembling natural active and inactive states, and modulated the morphodynamics of living cells. Our results illustrate a broadly applicable approach to design physiological protein switches.
Application of Inverse Path Distance Weighting for high-density spatial mapping of coastal water quality patterns
Creators: name: Stachelek, Joseph
name: Madden, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the primary goals of coastal water quality monitoring is to characterize spatial variation. Generally, this monitoring takes place at a limited number of fixed sampling points. The alternative sampling methodology explored in this paper involves high density sampling from an onboard flow-through water analysis system (Dataflow). Dataflow has the potential to provide better spatial resolution of water quality features because it generates many closely spaced (< 10 m) measurements. Regardless of the measurement technique, parameter values at unsampled locations must be interpolated from nearby measurement points in order to generate a comprehensive picture of spatial variations. Standard Euclidean interpolations in coastal settings tend to yield inaccurate results because they extend through barriers in the landscape such as peninsulas, islands, and submerged banks. We recently developed a method for non-Euclidean interpolation by inverse path distance weighting (IPDW) in order to account for these barriers. The algorithms were implemented as part of an R package and made available from R repositories. The combination of IPDW with Dataflow provided more accurate estimates of salinity patterning relative to Euclidean inverse distance weighting (IDW). IPDW was notably more accurate than IDW in the presence of intense spatial gradients.
description: 2015. International Journal of Geographical Information Science
Helina etesia
Creators: name: LÖWENBERG-NETO, PETER
name: DE CARVALHO, CLAUDIO J. B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Muscidae
Helina
Helina etesia

description: Helina etesia (Giglio-Tos, 1893) Distribution. Mexico. MEXICO, Vera Cruz, Tuxpango, 18.8167, -97.0167 (Giglio-Tos 1893).
description: Published as part of LÖWENBERG-NETO, PETER & DE CARVALHO, CLAUDIO J. B., 2013, Muscidae (Insecta: Diptera) of Latin America and the Caribbean: geographic distribution and check-list by country, pp. 1-147 in Zootaxa 3650 (1) on page 64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3650.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5264631
description: {"references": ["Giglio-Tos, H. (1893) Diagnosi di nuovi generi e di nuove specie di Ditteri. VIII. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Regia Universita di Torino, VIII, No. 147, 1 - 11."]}
Local integrals of motion and the stability of many-body localisation in Wannier-Stark potentials
Creators: name: Bertoni, C.
name: Eisert, J.
name: Kshetrimayum, A.
name: Nietner, A.
name: Thomson, S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many-body localisation in disordered systems in one spatial dimension is typically understood in terms of the existence of an extensive number of (quasi)-local integrals of motion (LIOMs) which are thought to decay exponentially with distance and interact only weakly with one another. By contrast, little is known about the form of the integrals of motion in disorder-free systems which exhibit localisation. Here, we explicitly compute the LIOMs for disorder-free localised systems, focusing on the case of a linearly increasing potential. We show that while in the absence of interactions, the LIOMs decay faster than exponentially, the addition of interactions leads to the formation of a slow-decaying plateau at short distances. We study how the localisation properties of the LIOMs depend on the linear slope, finding that there is a significant finite-size dependence, and present evidence that adding a weak harmonic potential does not result in typical many-body localisation phenomenology. By contrast, the addition of disorder has a qualitatively different effect, dramatically modifying the properties of the LIOMS.
description: 21 pages, 14 figures, replaced with final version
title: IOL-Berechnung bei sehr kurzen Augen
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Peter
name: Dröghoff, L.
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Fragestellung: Sehr kurze Augen sind für die Berechnung einer IOL immer noch eine der größten Herausforderungen. Können Raytracing-Programme und moderne Formeln in Verbindung mit optisch gemessenen Daten der kristallinen Linse hier eine Verbesserung herbeiführen? Methodik:[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 33. Kongress der Deutschsprachigen Gesellschaft für Intraokularlinsen-Implantation, Interventionelle und Refraktive Chirurgie (DGII)
Vom guten Sterben?
Creators: name: Scherer, Hildegard
Publisher: name: transformatio;
Year: 2022

description: Nur wenige Texte des Neuen Testaments thematisieren die unmittelbare Konfrontation mit dem Tod. Die Markuspassion zeichnet in der Szene im Garten Getsemani ein Bild von Jesu Ringen mit dem bevorstehenden Sterben. Paulus, der im Gefängnis ein mögliches Todesurteil abwartet, reflektiert seine Haltung zum Tod im Brief an die Philipper. Die Texte beleuchten Themen und Erfahrungen, die sich beim Abschied vom Leben stellen, doch liefern sie keine allgemeingültigen Handlungsmodelle.
description: transformatio;, Nr. 2 (2022): Requiem
„Die Spur des Anderen“: Auf der Suche nach der Sache des Sachunterrichts
Creators: name: Siller, Rolf
Publisher: name: widerstreit sachunterricht
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: 000

description: Wenn Kinder im Sachunterricht der Welt begegnen, geht es notwendigerweise um das „Verstehen“. Nachfolgend soll versucht werden, eine Spur zu legen, die sich auf die Suche nach der vornehmsten Sache des Sachunterrichts macht, auf die Suche nach dem Verstehen des Anderen. Mit Anderen sind Kinder gemeint, Erwachsene und möglicherweise sogar das Andere, das ich für mich selbst bin. Die Ausführungen können hier nur holzschnittartig vorgetragen werden.
Recent Practice Patterns in Acute Retinal Artery Occlusions in the United States
Creators: name: Meer, Elana
name: Scoles, Drew
name: Hua, Peiying
name: McGeehan, Brendan
name: VanderBeek, Brian L.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: To determine how to practice patterns for work-up of incident retinal artery occlusion (RAO) compare to the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) guidelines. In this cohort study, patients receiving a new diagnosis of RAO, either central (CRAO) or branch (BRAO), were identified between 2002 and 2020 from a large US medical claims database. Claims were reviewed for diagnostic tests specified by the AAO as essential components of an RAO work-up including carotid ultrasound, echocardiogram, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and emergency department (ED) referral. Outcomes included rates of and time to completion of work-up. 18697 new outpatient diagnoses of RAO (11348 BRAO, 7349 CRAO) were analyzed. 15.9% and 30.4% of patients received carotid ultrasounds within 7 and 30 days, respectively. 9.4% and 21.1% of patients received echocardiograms within 7 and 30 days, respectively. 4.9% and 8.1% of patients received a brain MRIs within 7 and 30 days, respectively. Only 4.1% of patients were referred to the ED within a day of diagnosis. Ophthalmologists diagnosed the majority (78.7%) of RAOs compared to neurologists (0.6%). Patients diagnosed by ophthalmologists were significantly more likely to have carotid ultrasound within 7 days, but those diagnosed by neurologists were more likely to have echocardiogram, MRI, and ED referral (p < .01 for all comparisons). The rates of adherence to the AAO care guidelines increased significantly between 2002 and 2020 (p < .01). The referral and work-up practices demonstrated in this new RAO diagnosis patient cohort have improved with time but are still far below the standard recommended by the AAO.
title: Änderung in der Hornhauttomographie und Effekt auf die IOL-Berechnung bei DMEK Patienten im Vergleich zur gesunden Kontrollgruppe
Creators: name: Zumhagen, Lars
name: Alnawaiseh, M.
name: Hoffmann, P.
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Um die Änderungen der Brechkraft von Hornhautvorderfläche und Rückfläche und ihren Einfluss auf die IOL-Berechnung in DMEK Patienten herauszuarbeiten, wurden mit vier verschiedenen Biometriegeräten die Patienten vermessen. 42 DMEK und 42 Kontrollpatienten, die sich zur Cataract-OP-Vorbereitung[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 33. Kongress der Deutschsprachigen Gesellschaft für Intraokularlinsen-Implantation, Interventionelle und Refraktive Chirurgie (DGII)
Zukunft ohne Ich?
Creators: name: Faber, Eva-Maria
Publisher: name: transformatio;
Year: 2022

description: In der zeitgenössischen Kultur ist trotz der starken Individualisierung die Vorstellung verbreitet, das Ich des Menschen löse sich mit dem Tod auf. Der christliche Glaube, dass das Subjekt-Sein der Einzelnen mit dem Tod nicht endet, muss sich mit diesem Kontext auseinandersetzen und jedenfalls unterstreichen, was mit dem Verlust dieser Hoffnung auf dem Spiel steht. Doch bleibt auch der Gesamtkontext der Schöpfung in den eschatologischen Entwürfen zu bedenken.
description: transformatio;, Nr. 2 (2022): Requiem
A Variable-Density Absorption Event in NGC 3227 mapped with Suzaku and Swift
Creators: name: Beuchert, T.
name: Markowitz, A. G.
name: Krauß, F.
name: Miniutti, G.
name: Longinotti, A. L.
name: Guainazzi, M.
name: de La Calle, I.
name: Malkan, M.
name: Elvis, M.
name: Miyaji, T.
name: Hiriart, D.
name: López, J. M.
name: Agudo, I.
name: Dauser, T.
name: Garcia, J.
name: Kreikenbohm, A.
name: Kadler, M.
name: Wilms, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The morphology of the circumnuclear gas accreting onto supermassive black holes in Seyfert galaxies remains a topic of much debate. As the innermost regions of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are spatially unresolved, X-ray spectroscopy, and in particular line-of-sight absorption variability, is a key diagnostic to map out the distribution of gas. Observations of variable X-ray absorption in multiple Seyferts and over a wide range of timescales indicate the presence of clumps/clouds of gas within the circumnuclear material. Eclipse events by clumps transiting the line of sight allow us to explore the properties of the clumps over a wide range of radial distances from the optical/UV Broad Line Region (BLR) to beyond the dust sublimation radius. Time-resolved absorption events have been extremely rare so far, but suggest a range of density profiles across Seyferts. We resolve a weeks-long absorption event in the Seyfert NGC 3227. We examine six Suzaku and twelve Swift observations from a 2008 campaign spanning 5 weeks. We use a model accounting for the complex spectral interplay of three differently-ionized absorbers. We perform time-resolved spectroscopy to discern the absorption variability behavior. We also examine the IR-to-X-ray spectral energy distribution (SED) to test for reddening by dust. The 2008 absorption event is due to moderately-ionized ($\log ξ\sim 1.2-1.4$) gas covering 90% of the line of sight. We resolve the density profile to be highly irregular, in contrast to a previous symmetric and centrally-peaked event mapped with RXTE in the same object. The UV data do not show significant reddening, suggesting that the cloud is dust-free. The 2008 campaign has revealed a transit by a filamentary, moderately-ionized cloud of variable density that is likely located in the BLR, and possibly part of a disk wind.
description: Accepted for publication by A&A
Der Glaube an Gott - ein zweckmäßiges menschliches Gefühl
Creators: name: Higgins, Christopher F.
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 46 Nr. 4 (2010): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 46, Heft 4
Helina lasiosterna Snyder 1941
Creators: name: LÖWENBERG-NETO, PETER
name: DE CARVALHO, CLAUDIO J. B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Muscidae
Helina
Helina lasiosterna

description: Helina lasiosterna Snyder, 1941 Distribution. Mexico, United States of America. MEXICO, Chihuahua, Las Visayas (Snyder 1941); UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Arizona, Chiricahua Mountains, 31.9167, -109.3667 (Snyder 1941).
description: Published as part of LÖWENBERG-NETO, PETER & DE CARVALHO, CLAUDIO J. B., 2013, Muscidae (Insecta: Diptera) of Latin America and the Caribbean: geographic distribution and check-list by country, pp. 1-147 in Zootaxa 3650 (1) on page 64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3650.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5264631
description: {"references": ["Snyder, F. M. (1941) Contribution to a revision of Neotropical Mydaeini (Diptera: Muscidae). American Museum Novitates, 1134, 1 - 22."]}
Parameter estimation for each VEGF model and each cell type from Mathematical modelling with Bayesian inference to quantitatively characterize therapeutic cell behaviour in nerve tissue engineering
Creators: name: Berg, Maxime
name: Eleftheriadou, Despoina
name: Phillips, James B
name: Shipley, Rebecca J
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biological Engineering
Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
Computational Biology

description: Tables 1 to 12 show the parameter values obtained for each VEGF secretion model and for each cell type. Tables C1 to C3 in the main manuscript recapitulate the description of each parameter.
Identification of an elaborate complex mediating postsynaptic inhibition
Creators: name: Kanak, Daniel J.
name: Uezu, Akiyoshi
name: Bradshaw, Tyler W. A.
name: Weinberg, Richard J.
name: Soderblom, Erik J.
name: Catavero, Christina M.
name: Burette, Alain C.
name: Soderling, Scott H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Inhibitory synapses dampen neuronal activity through postsynaptic hyperpolarization. The composition of the inhibitory postsynapse and the mechanistic basis of its regulation, however, remains poorly understood. We used an in vivo chemico-genetic proximity-labeling approach to discover inhibitory postsynaptic proteins. Quantitative mass spectrometry not only recapitulated known inhibitory postsynaptic proteins, but also revealed a large network of new proteins, many of which are either implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders or are of unknown function. CRISPR-depletion of one of these previously uncharacterized proteins, InSyn1, led to decreased postsynaptic inhibitory sites, reduced frequency of miniature inhibitory currents, and increased excitability in the hippocampus. Our findings uncover a rich and functionally diverse assemblage of previously unknown proteins that regulate postsynaptic inhibition and might contribute to developmental brain disorders.
Pfad der Sehnsucht
Creators: name: Roth, David
Publisher: name: transformatio;
Year: 2022

description: „Der wahre Sinn der Kunst liegt nicht darin, schöne Objekte zu schaffen. Es ist vielmehr eine Methode, um zu verstehen. Ein Weg, die Welt zu durchdringen und den eigenen Platz zu finden. Kunst gibt der Seele Nahrung.“
description: transformatio;, Nr. 2 (2022): Requiem
Photogalvanic effect in HgTe/CdTe topological insulator due to edge-bulk optical transitions
Creators: name: Kaladzhyan, Vardan O.
name: Aseev, Pavel P.
name: Artemenko, Sergey N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically 2D HgTe/CdTe quantum well topological insulator (TI) illuminated by circularly polarized light with frequencies higher than the difference between the equilibrium Fermi level and the bottom of the conduction band (THz range). We show that electron-hole asymmetry results in spin-dependent electric dipole transitions between edge and bulk states, and we predict an occurrence of a circular photocurrent. If the edge state is tunnel-coupled to a conductor, then the photocurrent can be detected by measuring an electromotive force (EMF) in the conductor, which is proportional to the photocurrent.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures