cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Systematic Uncertainties in the Determination of the Primordial 4He Abundance
Creators: name: Sauer, D.
name: Jedamzik, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The primordial helium abundance Y_p is commonly inferred from abundance determinations in low-metallicity extragalactic HII-regions. Such determinations may be subject to systematic uncertainties that are investigated here. Particular attention is paid to two effects: icf-corrections for ``imperfect'' ionization structure leading to significant amounts of (unobservable) neutral helium or hydrogen and ``tcf''-corrections due to non-uniform temperature. Model HII-regions with a large number of parameters are constructed and it is shown that required corrections are almost exclusively functions of two physical parameters: the number of helium- to hydrogen- ionizing photons in the illuminating continuum Q(He0)/Q(H0), and the ratio of width to radius delta r_S/r_S of the Stromgren sphere. For clouds of sufficient He-ionizing photons Q(He0)/Q(H0) >~ 0.15 and non-negligible width of the Stromgren sphere a significant overestimate of helium abundances may result. Such clouds show radiation softness parameters in the range -0.4
description: 14 pages, 18 figures, updated to match version accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics
A color-difference formula for evaluating color pairs with no separation -- $ΔE_{NS}$
Creators: name: Mirjalili, Fereshteh
name: Luo, Ming Ronnier
name: Cui, Guihua
name: Morovic, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: All color-difference formulas are developed to evaluate color differences for pairs of stimuli with hair-line separation. In printing applications, however, color differences are frequently judged between a pair of samples with no-separation because they are printed adjacent on the same piece of paper. A new formula, dENS has been developed for pairs of stimuli with no-separation (NS). An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different color-difference magnitudes using sample pairs with NS. 1,012 printed pairs with NS were prepared around 11 CIE recommended color centers. The pairs, representing four color-difference magnitudes of 1, 2, 4 and 8 CIELAB units were visually evaluated by a panel of 19 observers using the gray-scale method. Comparison of the present data based on pairs with NS, and previously generated data using pairs with hair-line separation, showed a clear separation effect. A new color-difference equation for the NS viewing condition (dENS) is proposed by modifying the CIEDE2000 formula. The separation effect can be well described by the new formula. For a sample pair with NS, when the CIEDE2000 color difference is less than 9.1, a larger color difference leads to a larger lightness difference, and thus the total color difference increases. When the CIEDE2000 color difference is greater than 9.1, the effect is opposite, i.e. the lightness difference decreases, and thus the total color difference also decreases. The new formula is recommended for future research to evaluate its performance in appropriate applications.
Giant Panda Face Recognition Using Small Dataset
Creators: name: Matkowski, Wojciech Michal
name: Kong, Adams Wai Kin
name: Su, Han
name: Chen, Peng
name: Hou, Rong
name: Zhang, Zhihe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Giant panda (panda) is a highly endangered animal. Significant efforts and resources have been put on panda conservation. To measure effectiveness of conservation schemes, estimating its population size in wild is an important task. The current population estimation approaches, including capture-recapture, human visual identification and collection of DNA from hair or feces, are invasive, subjective, costly or even dangerous to the workers who perform these tasks in wild. Cameras have been widely installed in the regions where pandas live. It opens a new possibility for non-invasive image based panda recognition. Panda face recognition is naturally a small dataset problem, because of the number of pandas in the world and the number of qualified images captured by the cameras in each encounter. In this paper, a panda face recognition algorithm, which includes alignment, large feature set extraction and matching is proposed and evaluated on a dataset consisting of 163 images. The experimental results are encouraging.
description: Accepted in the IEEE 2019 International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2019), scheduled for 22-25 September 2019 in Taipei, Taiwan
Relativistic Outflow of Electron-Positron Pair Plasma from a Wien Equilibrium State
Creators: name: Iwamoto, S.
name: Takahara, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a novel mechanism of bulk acceleration for relativistic jets of pure electron-positron pair plasma.We assumed that relativistically hot plasma is optically thick for Compton scattering and then pair plasma coupled dynamically to photons may establish quasi-Wien equilibria. We name such an electron-positron pair plasma the "Wien-fireball". Assuming there is a Wien-fireball, it is easy to form highly relativistic jets not only because coupled photons do not cause radiation drag effect, but also because coupled photons prevent catastrophic annihilation of pair plasma. It is found that the Wien-fireball provides a very effective mechanism to form high power jets. And the radiation of the Wien-fireball in blazars should be observed as MeV peaked emission at infinity with an order of kinetic power of jets.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, accepted in ApJ
Energy-momentum tensor densities in the bag model
Creators: name: Neubelt, M. J.
name: Sampino, A.
name: Hudson, J.
name: Tezgin, K.
name: Schweitzer, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The form factors of the energy-momentum tensor can be accessed via studies of generalized parton distributions in hard exclusive reactions. In this talk we present recent results on the energy-momentum tensor form factors and densities in the bag model formulated in the large-$N_c$ limit. The simplicity and lucidity of this quark model allow us to investigate many general concepts which have recently attracted interest, including pressure, shear forces and angular momentum density inside the nucleon. The results from the bag model are theoretically consistent, and comply with all general requirements.
Factors influencing physician decisions to discontinue treatment after onset of liver dysfunction: Post-hoc analysis of an all-case post-marketing surveillance study of iguratimod
Creators: name: Ishiguro, Naoki
name: Shibata, Kai
name: Yoshimura, Akiko
name: Ikeuchi, Satoshi
name: Ishii, Mika
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Objectives: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) related to liver dysfunction are a common problem in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving iguratimod, but which patient subgroups go on to discontinue iguratimod treatment is unclear. A post-hoc analysis of a post-marketing surveillance study was performed to investigate factors influencing treatment continuation after the onset of liver dysfunction. Methods: Types of ADR were compared between patients in whom iguratimod treatment was discontinued or continued in accordance with the judgment of the patient’s physician after the patient developed liver dysfunction as an ADR. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was also conducted to investigate factors associated with treatment discontinuation. Results: The multivariate analysis found that concomitant use of methotrexate (MTX) at >8 mg/week (vs. no use) was associated with a significantly lower risk of discontinuation (OR: 0.136; 95%CI: 0.030–0.620), and previous treatment with MTX (vs. no use) was associated with a significantly higher discontinuation risk (OR: 4.045; 95%CI: 1.098–14.908). Conclusion: Although concomitant use of MTX during iguratimod treatment does not appear to influence treatment discontinuation due to abnormal liver function, liver function tests are of importance to continued treatment in patients receiving iguratimod who have a history of MTX use.
Extreme Channel Prior Embedded Network for Dynamic Scene Deblurring
Creators: name: Cai, Jianrui
name: Zuo, Wangmeng
name: Zhang, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent years have witnessed the significant progress on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in dynamic scene deblurring. While CNN models are generally learned by the reconstruction loss defined on training data, incorporating suitable image priors as well as regularization terms into the network architecture could boost the deblurring performance. In this work, we propose an Extreme Channel Prior embedded Network (ECPeNet) to plug the extreme channel priors (i.e., priors on dark and bright channels) into a network architecture for effective dynamic scene deblurring. A novel trainable extreme channel prior embedded layer (ECPeL) is developed to aggregate both extreme channel and blurry image representations, and sparse regularization is introduced to regularize the ECPeNet model learning. Furthermore, we present an effective multi-scale network architecture that works in both coarse-to-fine and fine-to-coarse manners for better exploiting information flow across scales. Experimental results on GoPro and Kohler datasets show that our proposed ECPeNet performs favorably against state-of-the-art deep image deblurring methods in terms of both quantitative metrics and visual quality.
description: 10 pages
The Gender Wage Gap in the Restaurant Industry
Creators: name: Shervey, Whitney
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Gender
Restaurant
Wage Gap

description: This study investigates trends and determinants in the restaurant industry gender wage gap. Restaurant workers are among the lowest paid in the U.S., and women make some of the lowest wages overall. Among all workers, the gender wage gap has been declining since the 1950s, though more slowly since the 1990s. Determinants of the gender wage gap in the restaurant industry have been seldom analyzed. Using data from the Current Population Survey and the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method, results found that the explained portion of the wage gap decreased from 1992 to 2018, suggesting that discrimination and other characteristics not considered in the decomposition model increased from 1992 to 2018. The most surprising finding from the decomposition was the relative importance of the rural-urban divide in explaining the wage gap for both 1992 and 2018.
Exploration of Parameter Spaces in a Virtual Observatory
Creators: name: Djorgovski, S. G.
name: Mahabal, A.
name: Brunner, R.
name: Williams, R.
name: Granat, R.
name: Curkendall, D.
name: Jacob, J.
name: Stolorz, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Like every other field of intellectual endeavor, astronomy is being revolutionised by the advances in information technology. There is an ongoing exponential growth in the volume, quality, and complexity of astronomical data sets, mainly through large digital sky surveys and archives. The Virtual Observatory (VO) concept represents a scientific and technological framework needed to cope with this data flood. Systematic exploration of the observable parameter spaces, covered by large digital sky surveys spanning a range of wavelengths, will be one of the primary modes of research with a VO. This is where the truly new discoveries will be made, and new insights be gained about the already known astronomical objects and phenomena. We review some of the methodological challenges posed by the analysis of large and complex data sets expected in the VO-based research. The challenges are driven both by the size and the complexity of the data sets (billions of data vectors in parameter spaces of tens or hundreds of dimensions), by the heterogeneity of the data and measurement errors, including differences in basic survey parameters for the federated data sets (e.g., in the positional accuracy and resolution, wavelength coverage, time baseline, etc.), various selection effects, as well as the intrinsic clustering properties (functional form, topology) of the data distributions in the parameter spaces of observed attributes. Answering these challenges will require substantial collaborative efforts and partnerships between astronomers, computer scientists, and statisticians.
description: Invited review, 10 pages, Latex file with 4 eps figures, style files included. To appear in Proc. SPIE, v. 4477 (2001)
HST optical spectral index map of the jet of 3C 273
Creators: name: Jester, S.
name: Roeser, H. -J.
name: Meisenheimer, K.
name: Perley, R.
name: Conway, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present HST images at 622 nm and 300 nm of the jet in 3C273 and determine the run of the optical spectral index at 0.2" along the jet. The smoothness of spectral index changes shows that the physical conditions are varying smoothly across the jet. There is no correlation between the optical flux and spectral index, as would be expected for relativistic electrons suffering strong cooling due to synchrotron emission. We find no evidence for localized acceleration or loss sites. This suggests that the spectral shape is not changing much throughout the jet. We show that relativistic beaming and/or sub-equipartition magnetic fields cannot remove the discrepancy between light-travel time along the jet and the lifetime of electrons emitting optical synchrotron radiation. We consider this further evidence in favour of a distributed electron acceleration process.
description: Accepted for publication by Astronomy and Astrophysics (13 pages, 8 figures)
Genus Statistic Applied to the X-ray Remnant of SN 1572: Clues to the Clumpy Ejecta Structure of Type Ia Supernovae
Creators: name: Sato, Toshiki
name: Hughes, John P.
name: Williams, Brian J.
name: Morii, Mikio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Clumpy structures are a common feature in X-ray images of young Type Ia supernova remnants (SNRs). Although the precise origin of such clumps remains unclear there are three generic possibilities: clumpiness imposed during the explosion, hydrodynamic instabilities that act during the remnant's evolution, and pre-existing structures in the ambient medium. In this article we focus on discriminating between clumping distributions that arise from the explosion and those from the remnant's evolution using existing 3D hydrodynamical simulations. We utilize the genus statistic for this discrimination, applying it to the simulations and {\it Chandra} X-ray observations of the well-known SN Ia remnant of SN 1572 (Tycho's SNR). The genus curve of Tycho's SNR strongly indicates a skewed non-Gaussian distribution of the ejecta clumps and is similar to the genus curve for the simulation with initially clumped ejecta. In contrast, the simulation of perfectly smooth ejecta where clumping arises from the action of hydrodynamic instabilities produced a genus curve that is similar to a random Gaussian field, but disagrees strongly with the genus curve of the observed image. Our results support a scenario in which the observed structure of SN Ia remnants arises from initial clumpiness in the explosion.
description: Submitted to ApJ. 14 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables
Study of the X-Ray Background Spectrum and its Large-Scale Fluctuation with ASCA
Creators: name: Kushino, Akihiro
name: Ishisaki, Yoshitaka
name: Morita, Umeyo
name: Yamasaki, Noriko Y.
name: Ishida, Manabu
name: Ohashi, Takaya
name: Ueda, Yoshihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the energy spectrum and the large-scale fluctuation of the X-ray background with the ASCA GIS based on the ASCA MSS and LSS observations. A total of 91 fields with Galactic latitude |b|>10 deg were selected with a sky coverage of 50 deg^2 and 4.2 Ms of exposure. For each field, sources brighter than \sim 2\times 10^{-13}\ergs (2-10 keV) were eliminated. Spectral fits with a single power-law model for the individual 0.7-10 keV spectra showed a significant excess below \sim 2 keV, which could be expressed by an additional thermal model with kT\simeq 0.4 keV or a steep power-law model with photon index GS\simeq 6. The 0.5-2 keV intensities of the soft thermal component varied significantly by 1σ=52^{+4}_{-5}%, and showed a maximum toward the Galactic Center. This component is considered to be entirely Galactic. As for the hard power-law component, an average photon index of 91 fields was obtained to be GH = 1.412\pm 0.007\pm 0.025 and the average 2-10 keV intensity was calculated as FH = (6.38\pm 0.04\pm 0.64)\times 10^{-8} \ergss. The Galactic component is marginally detected in the hard band. The 2-10 keV intensities shows a 1σdeviation of 6.49^{+0.56}_{-0.61}%, while deviation due to the NXB is 3.2%. The observed deviation can be explained by the Poisson noise of source count in the f.o.v. (\sim 0.5 deg^2), even assuming a single \logn relation on the whole sky. Based on the observed fluctuation and the absolute intensity, an acceptable region of the \logn relation was derived, showing a consistent feature with the recent Chandra and XMM-Newton results. Fluctuation of the spectral index was also examined, and it implied a large amount of hard sources and a substantial variation in the intrinsic source spectra (GS\simeq 1.1\pm 1.0).
description: 27 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ, amended figure8 and figure17
Hexapathes Kinoshita 1910
Creators: name: Molodtsova, Tina N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Antipatharia
Cladopathidae
Hexapathes

description: Genus Hexapathes Kinoshita, 1910
 TYPE SPECIES. — Hexapathes heterosticha Kinoshita, 1910; type locality: Japan, Sagami Bay, 730 m.
DIAGNOSIS. — Corallum simple or very sparsely branched, and pinnulate. Pinnules in two lateral rows and in one or two anterior rows. Lateral pinnules simple; anterior pinnules simple or subpinnulate. Anterior primary pinnules and subpinnules sometimes nearly as long as lateral pinnules. Spines subequal in size on primary and secondary pinnules. Polyps 3 to 6 mm in transverse diameter.
description: Published as part of Molodtsova, Tina N., 2006, New species of Hexapathes Kinoshita, 1910 (Anthozoa, Antipatharia, Cladopathidae) from the South-West Pacific, pp. 597-606 in Zoosystema 28 (3) on page 598, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5395757
Space VLBI: from first ideas to operational missions
Creators: name: Gurvits, Leonid I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The operational period of the first generation of dedicated Space VLBI (SVLBI) missions commenced in 1997 with the launch of the Japan-led mission VSOP/HALCA and is coming to closure in 2019 with the completion of in-flight operations of the Russia-led mission RadioAstron. They were preceded by the SVLBI demonstration experiment with the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) in 1986--1988. While the comprehensive lessons learned from the first demonstration experiment and two dedicated SVLBI missions are still awaiting thorough attention, several preliminary conclusions can be made. This paper addresses some issues of implementation of these missions as they progressed over four decades from the original SVLBI concepts to the operational status.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in Advances in Space Research
Spectral cutoffs in EGRET gamma-ray sources
Creators: name: Reimer, O.
name: Bertsch, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The EGRET instrument has measured detailed photon spectra between 30 MeV and 10 GeV, which are represented by means of single power-law fits for sources in the 3EG catalog. However, various sources show indications of spectral cutoffs at GeV energies, which are poorly represented by such simple fits. In the case of well exposed or bright EGRET sources, a description of spectral cutoffs with more complicated functional forms appears to be applicable. An application for such multicomponent fits should be seen in extrapolations beyond the energies accessible to EGRET, i.e. for detectability studies of low-threshold Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). In cases of unidentified gamma-ray sources positionally coincident with Supernova remnants, the spectral shape beyond power-law extrapolations might observationally explain why such prominent SNRs like gammaCygni, IC 443 and CTA1 have not been detected during several observation campaigns performed by IACTs over the last years.
description: 4 pages, 8 eps-figures, Proc. of 27th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Hamburg, 2001)
Deltocyathus suluensis Alcock 1902
Creators: name: Kitahara, Marcelo V.
name: Cairns, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Scleractinia
Deltocyathidae
Deltocyathus
Deltocyathus suluensis

description: Deltocyathus suluensis Alcock, 1902 (Fig. 1C)
 Deltocyathus italicus – Alcock 1902c: 19 (in part).
 Deltocyathus magnificus var. suluensis Alcock, 1902c: 20, 21. — Faustino 1927: 76, 77. — Yabe & Eguchi 1937: 129. — Van Soest 1979: 111, pl. 2, figs 3, 4.
 Deltocyathus formosus Cairns, 1995: 73, 74, pl. 19, figs f, g.
 Deltocyathus suluensis. — Cairns & Zibrowius 1997: 125, fig. 16d. — Cairns 1998: 382; 1999a: 92; 2004: 281. — Cairns et al. 1999: 22.
 TYPE MATERIAL. — The types of D. suluensis are presumed to be deposited at the IM. The holotype (CO266) of D. formosus and one paratype (CO228) are deposited at the MoNZ. Additional paratypes are deposited at NZOI (station numbers: stn K826 [1], K828 [2], and K870 [1]), and at the USNM (94171 [3], 94172 [1], and 94173 [6]).
 TYPE LOCALITY. — 5°43’N, 119°40’E- 6°11’N, 120°37’E (Sulu Archipelago), 450-522 m (D. magnificus var. suluensis). 29°13.96’S, 177°52.84’W (Kermadec Ridge), 530-567 m (D. formosus).
NEW RECORDS. — BATHUS 3, stn DW 786, 3 specimens (MNHN-Scl.2008-0005). — BATHUS 4, stn CP 889, 2 specimens (MNHN-Scl.2008-0006). — NORFOLK 2, stn DW 2097, 3 specimens (MNHN-Scl.2008-0007); stn DW 2104, 1 specimen (MNHN-Scl.2008-0008).
DISTRIBUTION. — New Caledonia waters from 21°00.83’S, 164°27.34’E to 24°44’S, 169°49.15’E, 416- 752 m. Previous records: Indian Ocean off western Australia from Dampier Land to Port Hedland (Cairns 1998; 2004), 401-530 m; Pacific Ocean from Philippines and Indonesian region (Cairns & Zibrowius 1997), 204-540 m to southern Norfolk Ridges, New Zealand (Cairns 1995), 142-565 m, including Wallis and Futuna region and Vanuatu region (Cairns 1999), 400-650 m, and off Queensland, Australia (Cairns 2004), 246-1050 m.
DESCRIPTION
Corallum circular with base flat to slightly convex. Calicular margin serrate but not lancetted. Largest specimen examined (BATHUS 3, stn DW 786) 22 mm in calicular diameter and 7 mm in height. Costae present as round granular ridges separated by well-defined same width intercostal furrows. Only C1-2 originates at centre of base.
 Septa hexamerally arranged in 5 complete cycles (S1≥S2>S3>S4>>S5). S1 only independent septa and extend half distance to columella, being separated from their pali by a moderately wide notch. Higher septal cycles progressive less wide. S1-4 and P1-4 arranged in a typical Deltocyathus fashion, fusing through porous processes. S5 rudimentary.
Fossa shallow containing a well-developed papillose columella.
REMARKS
 See Remarks of D. magnificus and D. rotulus.
description: Published as part of Kitahara, Marcelo V. & Cairns, Stephen D., 2009, A revision of the genus Deltocyathus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (Scleractinia, Caryophylliidae) from New Caledonia, with the description of a new species, pp. 233-248 in Zoosystema 31 (2) on pages 239-240
Supplemental Table S1 Noori et al Am J Phys.pdf
Creators: name: Mahboubeh S. Noori
name: Bhatt, Pooja M.
name: Courreges, Maria C.
name: Davoud Ghazanfari
name: Cuckler, Chaz
name: Orac, Crina M.
name: McMills, Mark C.
name: Schwartz, Frank L.
name: Deosarkar, Sudhir P.
name: Bergmeier, Stephen C.
name: McCall, Kelly D.
name: Goetz, Douglas J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 60602 Animal Physiology - Cell
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Engineering
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 60107 Enzymes
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology

description: Supplemental Table S1 provides the complete results of the kinase screen for COB-187 and COB-152.
Large Scale 2D Spectral Compressed Sensing in Continuous Domain
Creators: name: Cai, Jian-Feng
name: Xu, Weiyu
name: Yang, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We consider the problem of spectral compressed sensing in continuous domain, which aims to recover a 2-dimensional spectrally sparse signal from partially observed time samples. The signal is assumed to be a superposition of s complex sinusoids. We propose a semidefinite program for the 2D signal recovery problem. Our model is able to handle large scale 2D signals of size 500*500, whereas traditional approaches only handle signals of size around 20*20.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)
Constraining the Rotation Rate of Transiting Extrasolar Planets by Oblateness Measurements
Creators: name: Seager, S.
name: Hui, Lam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) The solar system gas giant planets are oblate due to their rapid rotation. A measurement of the planet's projected oblateness would constrain the planet's rotational period. Planets that are synchronously rotating with their orbital revolution will be rotating too slowly to be significantly oblate; these include planets with orbital semi-major axes 0.2 AU.
description: ApJ, accepted, Aug 1 2002 issue, 9 pages
Equity and Efficiency in Computational Social Choice
Creators: name: Benade, Johannes
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 10206 Operations Research
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This thesis studies problems in computational social choice and fair division.Computational social choice asks how to aggregate individual votes and opinions into a joint decision. Participatory budgeting enables the allocation of public funds by collecting and aggregating individual preferences over pro-posed infrastructure projects; it has already had a sizable real-world impact.We analytically compare four preference elicitation methods through the lens of implicit utilitarian voting, and find that threshold approval votes are qualitatively superior. This conclusion is supported by experiments using data from real participatory budgeting elections. We also conduct a human subject experiment on Amazon Mechanical Turk to study the cognitive burden that different elicitation formats impose on voters.Under implicit utilitarian voting we attempt to maximize a utilitarian objective in the presence of uncertainty about voter utility functions. Next,we take a very different approach, and assume votes are noisy estimates of an unknown ground truth. We build on previous work which replaced structural assumptions on the noise with a worst-case approach, and minimize the expected error with respect to a set of feasibly true rankings. We derive mostly sharp analytical bounds on the expected error and find that our approach has useful practical properties.Fair division problems involve allocating goods to heterogeneous agents.Motivated by the problem of a food bank allocating donations to their beneficiaries without knowledge of future arrivals, we study the online allocation of indivisible items. Our goal is to design allocation algorithms that minimize the maximum envy, defined as the maximum difference between any agent’s overall value for items allocated to another agent and to herself. An algorithm has vanishing envy if the ratio of envy over time goes to zero as time goes to infinity. We find a polynomial-time, deterministic algorithm that achieves vanishing envy, and show the rate at which envy vanishes is asymptotically optimal.Finally, we consider the problem of gerrymandering. We start with an impartial protocol and derive a notion of fairness which provides guidance about what to expect from an impartial districting. Specifically, we propose that a party should win a number of districts equal to the midpoint between what they win in their best and worst districtings. We show that this notion of fairness has close ties to proportionality yet, in contrast to proportionality,there always exists a districting satisfying our notion of fairness.
Pagarenes CAMERON 1903
Creators: name: A. M
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Pagarenes

description: 13. Pagarenes CAMERON
 Pagarenes CAMERON 1903 - Ztchr. Hym. Dipt. 3: 183-184.
 Type species: Pagarenes erythropus CAMERON
 Pagarenes: HEINRICH 1974 - Ann. Zool. Wars. 32 (8): 167-168.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Oriental Region (Burma, India). 1 species.
I n t r o d u c t i o n.
 There is differed from Platylabus WESMAEL by apical yellow-white spots on 6th and 7th tergites of abdomen, by developed teeth of propodeum and small short-oval, almost circular spiracles.
M o r p h o l o g y:
F l a g e l l u m. Of female very long and slender, bristle-shaped, slightly widened beyond middle, distinctly longer than front wing; first segment 4 times longer than width at apex, other longer than wide. Black with white annulus (semiannulus) on segments 7- 11; scape ventrally yellowish-white.
H e a d. Temples profile very strongly and straightly narrowed behind eyes, temples and occiput abrupt almost vertically just after of eyes and ocelli; genae profile strongly and straightly narrowed downwards; clypeus strongly convex, with straight front margin, distinctly separated from face; maxillary palps normal; middle field of face only just protrude. Face and clypeus densely punctured by superficial punctures, only just shining.
T h o r a x. Transverse furrow of pronotum shallow, not interrupted by keel. Mesonotum strongly convex, only just longer than width, extremely densely punctured; notauli slightly marked only at base; scutellum moderately elevated above postscutellum, convex from above, with strong lateral carinae, sparse punctures and shining. Horizontal surface of females propodeum shorter than area posteromedia; carinae of propodeum except costulae developed; coxal carina distinct in front part; area superomedia of females approximately square; area basalis deepened in front; areae dentiparae with distinctly projecting teeth; spiracles of propodeum very small, oval, almost circular.
L e g s. Long, slender.
W i n g s. Nervulus interstitial; area superomedia quadrangular; radius rather long, curved.
A b d o m e n. Of females longish-oval; petiolus distinctly two times wider than height, at base more broad; postpetiolus with indistinct middle field, delicate and indistinctly irregularly-wrinkled, shining. Gastrocoeli distinct, not strongly impressed, with sharp thyridia, interval of females only just narrower each of them; contour of gastrocoeli quadrangular; tergites 2 and 3 strongly and densely punctured, slightly shining, tergite 4 also rather densely, but more delicate punctured.
C o l o r a t i o n. Black with reach yellow-white pattern on head abdomen and femora.
S i z e. Body length 7 mm.
description: Published as part of A. M, 2009, Illustrated key to the tribes of subfamilia Ichneumoninae and genera of the tribe Platylabini of world fauna (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), pp. 1317-1608 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 41 (2) on pages 1475-1476, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5277083
Plasmon-induced nonlinearity enhancement and homogenization of graphene metasurfaces
Creators: name: You, Jian Wei
name: Panoiu, Nicolae C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the effective third-order nonlinear susceptibility of a graphene sheet can be enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude by patterning it into a graphene metasurface. In addition, in order to gain deeper physical insights into this phenomenon, we introduce a novel homogenization method, which is subsequently used to characterize quantitatively this nonlinearity enhancement effect by calculating the effective linear and nonlinear susceptibility of graphene metasurfaces. The accuracy of the proposed homogenization method is demonstrated by comparing its predictions with those obtained from the Kramers-Kronig relations. This work may open up new opportunities to explore novel physics pertaining to nonlinear optical interactions in graphene metasurfaces.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Drought-induced injury is associated with hormonal alteration in Kentucky bluegrass
Creators: name: Xunzhong Zhang
name: Goatley, Mike
name: Wenli Wu
name: Ervin, Erik
name: Shang, Chao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Plant hormones play an important role in plant adaptation to abiotic stress, but hormonal responses of cool-season turfgrass species to drought stress are not well documented. This study was to investigate responses of hormones and photosynthesis to drought stress and examine if drought stress – induced hormone alteration is associated with stress tolerance in kentucky bluegrass (KBG, Poa pratensis L.). The grass was grown in a growth chamber for 6 weeks and then subjected to drought stress [40%-50% evapotranspiration (ET) replacement)] for 28 d. Drought stress caused cell membrane damage, resulting in decline in photosynthetic rate (Pn), chlorophyll content, and visual quality in KBG. Drought stressed grass had higher leaf abscisic acid (ABA), lower leaf trans-zeatin riboside (ZR), isopentenyl adenosine (iPA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), but similar level of leaf gibberellin A4 (GA4) when compared to the control (well-watered). On average, drought stress treatment reduced leaf ZR by 59.1%, iPA by 50.4%, IAA by 26.7%, while increased ABA by 108.5% when compared to the control at the end of drought stress (28 d). The turf quality and photosynthetic rate was positively correlated with cytokinins and IAA, but negatively correlated with ABA and ABA/cytokinins (CK) ratio under drought stress. The results of this study suggest drought stress-induced injury to Kentucky bluegrass may be associated with hormonal alteration, and the plants with higher cytokinins and IAA and less ABA under drought stress may have better photosynthetic function and performance.
Deltocyathus corrugatus Cairns 1999
Creators: name: Kitahara, Marcelo V.
name: Cairns, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Scleractinia
Deltocyathidae
Deltocyathus
Deltocyathus corrugatus

description: Deltocyathus corrugatus Cairns, 1999 (Fig. 1G)
 Deltocyathus corrugatus Cairns, 1999: 98.
TYPE MATERIAL. — The holotype is at the NZOI (H 689), and 10 paratypes are deposited at the USNM (94169 [5], and 94170 [5]).
TYPE LOCALITY. — 28°54’36’’S, 167°44’12’’E (Norfolk Islands), 390 m.
NEW RECORDS. — BATHUS 4, stn DW 898, 8 specimens (MNHN-Scl.2008-0019); stn CP 883, 2 specimens (MNHN-Scl.2008-0020); 1 specimen (USNM 1114161); stn DW 903, 2 specimens (MNHN-Scl.2008-0021); stn CP 885, 1 specimen (MNHN-Scl.2008-0022); stn CP 889, 3 specimens (MNHN-Scl.2008-0023); 3 specimens (USNM 1114162); stn CP 967, 3 specimens (MNHN-Scl.2008-0018).
DISTRIBUTION. — New Caledonia waters from 18°59.93’S, 163°13.55’E to 23°02.53’S, 166°58.18’E, including Loyalty Islands (Cairns 1995), 250- 600 m. Previous records: from southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia (Wells 1984) to Norfolk Ridge, New Zealand (Cairns 1995), 73- 390 m.
DESCRIPTION
Corallum circular. Calice lancetted, lancets correspond to each C3 flanked by C4. Largest specimen examined (BATHUS 3, stn CP 847) 15 mm in calicular diameter and 4.2 mm in height. Corallum usually white but sometimes slightly reddish-brown pigmented. Base flat to slightly convex, having a small scar of previous attachment (during early stages) in centre. All costae well developed. C1-2 more prominent near calicular edge, becoming a row of granules near centre of base. C3 thickest and tallest costae, extending up to 2 mm and normally upturned slightly beyond calicular edge as granulated costal spines. C4 and C3 form a broad three-step ridge. All costae granulated specially near calicular edge, and a small low granule ridge is present beside each C1-2.
Septa hexamerally arranged in 4 complete cycles (S1≥S2>S4>S3). S1 independent, extending half distance to columella and bearing a wide lamellar palus, which is often fused to columella. S2 equal to or slightly less wide than S1, also bearing a pali of same size of P1, forming a crown more recessed from columella than the crown formed by P1. S3 smallest septa, bearing the tallest pali which fuse to inner edge of near P2 by a porous lamella. S4 slightly wider than S3, and have a spinose margin. Each S4 fuses the adjacent P3 through a long porous lamella. All pali equal sized (P1 sometimes dimorphic) and septa and palar faces bear pointed granules.
Fossa shallow with an elliptical papillose columella.
REMARKS
 See Remarks of D. ornatus.
description: Published as part of Kitahara, Marcelo V. & Cairns, Stephen D., 2009, A revision of the genus Deltocyathus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (Scleractinia, Caryophylliidae) from New Caledonia, with the description of a new species, pp. 233-248 in Zoosystema 31 (2) on pages 243-244
The serial harness interacting with a wall
Creators: name: Ferrari, P. A.
name: Fontes, L. R. G.
name: Niederhauser, B.
name: Vachkovskaia, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K35 82C

description: The serial harnesses introduced by Hammersley describe the motion of a hypersurface of dimension d embedded in a space of dimension $d+1$. The height assigned to each site i of Z^d is updated by taking a weighted average of the heights of some of the neighbors of i plus a ``noise'' (a centered random variable). The surface interacts by exclusion with a ``wall'' located at level zero: the updated heights are not allowed to go below zero. We show that for any distribution of the noise variables and in all dimensions, the surface delocalizes. This phenomenon is related to the so called ``entropic repulsion''. For some classes of noise distributions, characterized by their tail, we give explicit bounds on the speed of the repulsion.
description: 18 pages. Version almost identical to the one published in SPA
Presence of Bacillus coagulans spores and vegetative cells in rat intestine and feces and their physiological effects
Creators: name: Chiou-Yeong Saw
name: Tsai-Ju Chang
name: Po-Ya Chen
name: Fan-Jhen Dai
name: Yie-Qie Lau
name: Chen, Ting-Yu
name: Chi-Fai Chau
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: This study was aimed to investigate the presence of Bacillus coagulans vegetative cells in the intestine and fecal samples in rats fed B. coagulans spores as well as to estimate the ratios of spores and vegetative cells in these samples. A two-step process has been developed to enumerate B. coagulans in different mixed bacterial samples, specifically (1) observation of yellow ring formation on modified GYEA medium upon incubation at 55°C, (2) microscopic examination of spore formation after 7 d of incubation. Our results have demonstrated the presence of vegetative cells in the intestinal and fecal samples in rats fed B. coagulans spores. The ratios of B. coagulans spores and vegetative cells in cecal fluid, colonic content, and feces were approximately 2:8, 2:8, and 4:6, respectively. The existence of B. coagulans vegetative cells improved the intestinal milieu through an elevated short-chain fatty acid concentrations, higher fecal moisture, and lower fecal pH. Presence of Bacillus coagulans vegetative cells in rat intestine and its physiological effects.
Deception Strategies and Threats for Online Discussions
Creators: name: Varol, Onur
name: Uluturk, Ismail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Communication plays a major role in social systems. Effective communications, which requires transmission of the messages between individuals without disruptions or noise, can be a powerful tool to deliver intended impact. Language and style of the content can be leveraged to deceive and manipulate recipients. These deception and persuasion strategies can be applied to exert power and amass capital in politics and business. In this work, we provide a modest review of how such deception and persuasion strategies were applied to different communication channels over the years. We provide examples of campaigns that has occurred in different periods over the last 100 years, together with their corresponding dissemination mediums. In the Internet age, we enjoy access to the vast amount of information and the ability to communicate without borders. However, malicious actors work toward abusing online systems to disseminate disinformation, disrupt communication, and manipulate people by the means of automated tools, such as social bots. It is important to study the old practices of persuasion to be able to investigate modern practices and tools. Here we provide a discussion of current threats against society while drawing parallels with the historical practices and the recent research efforts on systems of detection and prevention.
description: 47 oages, 3 figures
LogN-LogS Studies of EGRET Sources
Creators: name: Reimer, O.
name: Bertsch, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A comprehensive investigation of logN-logS distributions of gamma-ray sources discovered by EGRET has been performed for subsequent use in population studies. Existing models explaining the spatial arrangement of unidentified sources do not compare against an observed logN-logS distribution. However, viable population models not only have to reproduce the logN-logS distribution for different source classes globally, they have to correspond to apparent differences among their spatial, spectral and variability characteristics. Furthermore, it needs to be understood in which way results from selections among the unidentified sources like "persistent" (Grenier 2000) or "steady" sources (Gehrels et al. 2000) are related to the overall picture regarding their logN-logS characteristics.
description: 4 pages, 8 eps-figures, Proc. of 27th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Hamburg, 2001)
An In Situ Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy Study of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Selectivity Dependence on Surface C-Bound and O-Bound Reaction Intermediates
Creators: name: Katayama, Yu
name: Nattino, Francesco
name: Giordano, Livia
name: Hwang, Jonathan
name: Rao, Reshma R.
name: Andreussi, Oliviero
name: Marzari, Nicola
name: Shao-Horn, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CO_{2} electro-reduction reaction (CORR) is a promising avenue to convert greenhouse gases into high-value fuels and chemicals, in addition to being an attractive method for storing intermittent renewable energy. Although polycrystalline Cu surfaces have long known to be unique in their capabilities of catalyzing the conversion of CO_{2} to higher-order C1 and C2 fuels, such as hydrocarbons (CH_{4}, C_{2}H_{4} etc.) and alcohols (CH_{3}OH, C_{2}H_{5}OH), product selectivity remains a challenge. In this study, we select three metal catalysts (Pt, Au, Cu) and apply in situ surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) and ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS), coupled to density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, to get insight into the reaction pathway for the CORR. We present a comprehensive reaction mechanism for the CORR, and show that the preferential reaction pathway can be rationalized in terms of metal-carbon (M-C) and metal-oxygen (M-O) affinity. We show that the final products are determined by the configuration of the initial intermediates, C-bound and O-bound, which can be obtained from CO_{2} and (H)CO_{3}, respectively. C1 hydrocarbons are produced via OCH_{3, ad} intermediates obtained from O-bound CO_{3, ad} and require a catalyst with relatively high affinity for O-bound intermediates. Additionally, C2 hydrocarbon formation is suggested to result from the C-C coupling between C-bound CO_{ad} and (H)CO_{ad}, which requires an optimal affinity for the C-bound species, so that (H)CO_{ad} can be further reduced without poisoning the catalyst surface. Our findings pave the way towards a design strategy for CORR catalysts with improved selectivity, based on this experimental/theoretical reaction mechanisms that have been identified.
4U 1957+11: a persistent low-mass X-ray binary and black-hole candidate in the high state?
Creators: name: Wijnands, Rudy
name: Miller, Jon M.
name: van der Klis, Michiel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on several pointed Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer observations of the enigmatic low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) 4U 1957+11 at different X-ray luminosities. The luminosity of the source varied by more than a factor of four on time scales of months to years. The spectrum of the source tends to get harder when its luminosity increases. Only very weak (1%-2% rms amplitude; 0.001-10 Hz; 2-60 keV) rapid X-ray variability was observed during the observations. A comparison of the spectral and temporal behaviour of 4U1957+11 with other X-ray binary systems, in particular LMC X-3, indicates that 4U 1957+11 is likely to be a persistent LMXB harboring a black hole and which is persistently in the black-hole high state. If confirmed, it would be the only such system known.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 8 Nov. 2001