cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Updated constraints on WIMP dark matter by radio observations of M31 -- all annihilation channels
Creators: name: Egorov, Andrei E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present work derived the robust constraints on annihilating WIMP parameters utilizing new radio observations of M31, as well as new studies of its DM distribution and other properties. The characteristics of emission due to DM annihilation were computed in the frame of 2D galactic model employing GALPROP code adapted specifically for M31. This enabled us to refine various inaccuracies of previous studies on the subject. DM constraints were obtained for all possible annihilation channels except $χχ\rightarrow γγ,ν\barν$. A wide variety of radio data was utilized in the frequency range $\approx$(0.1--10) GHz. As the result the thermal WIMP lighter than fiducially $\approx$(40--70) GeV was excluded in the case of light primary annihilation products $χχ\rightarrow τ^+τ^-,μ^+μ^-,gg,c\overline{c},u\overline{u},d\overline{d},s\overline{s},e^+e^-,b\overline{b}$ (and an arbitrary combination of them). Heavier WIMP, which can annihilate to $W^+W^-,Z^0Z^0,t\overline{t},hh$; can not be probed at the level of thermal cross section, unless one assumes the optimistic cases of DM density and magnetic field distributions in M31. In summary, $m_x \gtrsim 40$ GeV represents the fiducial channel-independent mass limit for the thermal WIMP with the full uncertainty range estimated to be $\approx$(20--90) GeV. The obtained exclusions are competitive to those from Fermi-LAT observations of dwarfs and AMS-02 measurements of antiprotons. Our constraints significantly restrict the opportunity to explain the gamma-ray outer halo of M31 by annihilating DM. And, finally, we questioned the possibility claimed in other studies to robustly constrain heavy thermal WIMP with $m_x > 100$ GeV by radio data on M31.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, this paper complements arXiv:2205.01033, was presented at the 27th European Cosmic Ray Symposium (ECRS-2022)
Synthesis of dicationic diaryltriazines nucleic acid binding agents
Creators: name: Jones, SK
name: Hall, JE
name: Schinazi, RF
name: Zhao, M
name: Wilson, WD
name: Spychala, J
name: Tidwell, RR
name: Boykin, DW
name: Dykstra, CC
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: — The synthesis of 2,4-bis[4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine 6a and 2,4-bis[4-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine 6b in 3 steps from either 4-bromobenzamidine or 4-(carbamoyl)benzamidine is reported. The synthesis of 4,6-bis[4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl]-2-dimethylamino-1,3,5-triazine 9a and 4,6-bis[4-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl]-2-dimethylamino-1,3,5-triazine 9b in 2 steps from 1,4-dicyanobenzene is also described. The compounds 6b and 9b bind strongly to DNA model sequences and inhibit topoisomerase II from 2 microbial sources. Compounds 6a and 9a bind to both DNA and RNA model sequences whereas 6b and 9b essentially do not bind to the RNA model.
Extensive numerical study of a D-brane, anti-D-brane system in AdS5/CFT4
Creators: name: Hegedus, Arpad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper the hybrid-NLIE approach of [38] is extended to the ground state of a D-brane anti-D-brane system in AdS/CFT. The hybrid-NLIE equations presented in the paper are finite component alternatives of the previously proposed TBA equations and they admit an appropriate framework for the numerical investigation of the ground state of the problem. Straightforward numerical iterative methods fail to converge, thus new numerical methods are worked out to solve the equations. Our numerical data confirm the previous TBA data. In view of the numerical results the mysterious L = 1 case is also commented in the paper.
The fist electronic supplementary material lists the comparative material used for this study;The second electronic supplementary material contains more pictures of the material from Norte Casa Chiguaje as well as an ICAMER topological analisis. from Pliocene sigmodontine rodents (mammalia: cricetidae) in northernmost South America: test of biogeographic hypotheses and revised evolutionary scenarios
Creators: name: Ronez, Christophe
name: Carrillo-Briceño, Jorge D.
name: Hadler, Patrícia
name: Sánchez-Villagra, Marcelo R.
name: Pardiñas, Ulyses F. J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)

description: We document the first occurrence of Sigmodontinae (Mammalia, Rodentia, Cricetidae) from the Pliocene of northern South America, from the San Gregorio Formation of northwestern Venezuela. The recovered isolated molars are identified as Oligoryzomys sp. and Zygodontomys sp., two currently widespread sigmodontines in South America. These records constitute the oldest representatives of these genera, potentially new species, and the first Pliocene occurrence for Oryzomyini and the whole subfamily outside Argentina. Hypotheses on the historical biogeography of sigmodontines have been constructed almost exclusively using genetic data and the fossils we report provide a new kind of evidence. The occurrence of Oligoryzomys sp. and Zygodontomys sp. in Venezuela provides novel information for the diversification models suggested for Oligoryzomys, by supporting a potential eastern corridor of open environments from northern to southern South America. The presence of sigmodontines from the locality home of the new reports, Norte Casa Chiguaje, is consistent with the palaeoenvironmental conditions originally proposed for it base on mammals and botanical records, being characterized as mixed open grassland/forest areas surrounding permanent freshwater systems. The new sigmodontine evidence is used to discuss the putative scenarios of the ancient evolution of the subfamily in South America, favouring a model in which open areas (savannahs) to the east of the Andes played crucial role aiding or obstructing Late Miocene-Pliocene sigmodontine dispersion southwards.
The Edinburgh cognitive and behavioral amyotrophic lateral sclerosis screen (ECAS): sensitivity in differentiating between ALS and Alzheimer’s disease in a Greek population
Creators: name: Kourtesis, Panagiotis
name: Christidi, Foteini
name: Margioti, Eleni
name: Demenega, Christina
name: Rentzos, Michail
name: Evdokimidis, Ioannis
name: Abrahams, Sharon
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Virology

description: Objectives: (1) Adapt the ECAS into Greek, validate it in ALS patients and compare with the ALS-CBS. (2) Determine the sensitivity and specificity of ECAS in the differentiation between AD and non-demented ALS patients as compared with the ACE-III and mini-ACE. Methods: ALS patients (n = 28) were recruited and AD patients (n = 26) were matched in age, sex, and education with ALS patients (n = 24). The normative data were derived from a random sample of controls (n = 52). Bayes correlation analysis was conducted to examine convergent validity. Bayes t-test was performed to assess between groups’ differences. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analyses and area under the curve (AUC) were implemented to appraise the sensitivity and specificity in the differentiation between the AD and non-demented ALS patients. Results: The ECAS and its sub-scores in addition to the behavior interview demonstrated robust correlations with the ALS-CBS. Impairment in language and verbal fluency were the most prominent deficits in the ALS patients. The most frequently reported change was apathy. The ROC analysis demonstrated that the ECAS-ALS nonspecific score (comprising memory and visuospatial domains) is the most sensitive and specific in differentiating the AD from ALS patients. The other measures expressed high sensitivity, yet a poor specificity. Conclusions: The ECAS is a multi-purpose screening tool. The ECAS-ALS specific appraises the whole spectrum of the highly prevalent cognitive impairments in ALS. The ECAS-ALS nonspecific (memory and visuospatial) is a sensitive score to detect AD related deficits and is able to differentiate the AD from the non-demented ALS patients better than the ACE-III and mini-ACE.
Synthesis of dicationic diarylpyridines as nucleic-acid binding agents
Creators: name: Spychala, J
name: Schinazi, RF
name: Jones, SK
name: Tidwell, RR
name: Hall, JE
name: Rhodes, RA
name: Kumar, A
name: Boykin, DW
name: Dykstra, CC
name: Wilson, WD
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: The syntheses of 2,6-bis[4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl]pyridine 7, 2-[4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-phenyl]-6-[3-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl]pyridine 8 and 2,6-bis[3-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl]pyridine 9 in five steps from the appropriately substituted bromoacetophenone are described. 3,5-Bis[4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl]pyridine 13 is also reported, prepared in four steps from 4-bromophenylacetonitrile. The preparation of 2,5-bis[4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-phenyl]pyridine 18 from 4-bromoacetophenone in six steps is presented. The dications bind to poly dA·dT in the order 7 > 13 > 18 > 8 > 9; the order of binding to poly A·U is 7 > 13 > 8 > 9; 18 essentially does not bind to the RNA model. Only 7 inhibits topoisomerase II at millimolar concentrations. The dicationic compounds that were tested against Pneumonocystis carinii in the immuno-suppressed rat model show only modest activity and are moderately toxic. Some of the compounds demonstrated modest anti-HIV-1 activity and selectivity in primary lymphocytes.
Remarks on strictly singular operators
Creators: name: Kızgut, Ersin
name: Yurdakul, Murat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46A03, 46A11, 46A32, 46A45

description: A continuous linear operator $T:E \to F$ is called strictly singular if it cannot be invertible on any infinite dimensional closed subspace of its domain. In this note we discuss sufficient conditions and consequences of the phenomenon $LB(E,F)=L_s(E,F)$, which means that every continuous linear bounded operator defined on $E$ into $F$ is strictly singular.
description: 8 pages
Severi Varieties and Sharp Bounds of Castelnuovo-Mumford Regularities
Creators: name: Shang, Shijie
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: In the first part of the thesis, we give a new proof of Zak's classification theorem of Severi varieties based on Zak's analysis of smooth quadrics on Severi varieties and classification of aCM bundles on smooth quadrics. In the second part of the thesis, we show that a bound of the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of any power of the ideal sheaf of a smooth projective complex variety X in a projective space of dimension r is sharp exactly for complete intersections, provided the variety X is cut out scheme-theoretically by several hypersurfaces in the projective space of dimension r.
Einspruch und Bekräftigung
Creators: name: Benedikt XVI., Papst
name: Bovone, Alberto
name: Saier, Oskar
name: Lehmann, Karl
name: Kasper, Walter
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 48 Nr. 11 (1994): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 48, Heft 11
An improved rate region for the classical-quantum broadcast channel
Creators: name: Hirche, Christoph
name: Morgan, Ciara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a new achievable rate region for the two-user binary-input classical-quantum broadcast channel. The result is a generalization of the classical Marton-Gelfand-Pinsker region and is provably larger than the best previously known rate region for classical-quantum broadcast channels. The proof of achievability is based on the recently introduced polar coding scheme and its generalization to quantum network information theory.
description: 5 pages, double column, 1 figure, based on a result presented in the Master's thesis arXiv:1501.03737
Dissipation indicates memory formation in driven disordered systems
Creators: name: Shohat, Dor
name: Lahini, Yoav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Disordered and amorphous materials often retain memories of perturbations they have experienced since preparation. Studying such memories is a gateway to understanding this challenging class of systems, yet it often requires the ability to measure local structural changes in response to external drives. Here we show that dissipation is a generic macroscopic indicator for the memory of the largest perturbation. Through experiments in crumpled sheets under cyclic drive, we show that dissipation transiently increases when first surpassing the largest perturbation due to irreversible structural changes with unique statistics. This is used to devise novel memory readout protocols based on global observables only. The general applicability of this approach is demonstrated by revealing a similar memory effect in a three-dimensional amorphous solid.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Anti-Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia activity of dicationic 2,4-diarylpyrimidines
Creators: name: Wilson, WD
name: Bender, BK
name: Tidwell, RR
name: Boykin, DW
name: Dykstra, CC
name: Hall, JE
name: Jones, SK
name: Kumar, A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: — A synthesis of 2,4-bis-(4-amidinophenyl)pyrimidine 6, 2,4-bis-[(4-imidazolin-2-yl)phenyl)]pyrimidine 7, 2,4-bis[(4-tetrahydropyrimidinyl-2-yl)phenyl]pyrimidine 8, 2,4-bis[(4-N-n-propylamidino)phenyl]pyrimidine 9, 2,4-bis[(4-N-isopropylamidino)-phenyl]pyrimidine 10 and 2,4-bis[(4-N-isobutylamidino)phenyl]pyrimidine 11 starting from 4-bromobenzamidine and 4-bromoaceto-phenone is reported. A synthesis of 2-(4-amidinophenyl)-4-(2-methoxy-4-amidinophenyl)pyrimidine 20, 2-[4-(imidazolin2-yl)-phenyl]-4-[2-methoxy-4-(imidazolin-2-yl)phenyl]pyrimidine 21, and 2-[4-(N-iso-propylamidino)phenyl]-4-[2-methoxy-4-(N-isopropylamidino)phenyl]pyrimidine 22 beginning with 4-bromobenzamidine and 2-methoxy-4-bromoacetophenone is described. Compounds 6–11 and 20–22 all bind strongly to DNA. Compounds 6, 9–11, and 20 given at 5 mg/kg are more active and less toxic than pentamidine at its effective dose when evaluated against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in the immunosuppressed rat model. Several compounds in this series are being evaluated further as potential new anti-PCP agents.
On convergence rate for Erlang--Sevastyanov type models with infinitely many servers
Creators: name: Veretennikov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K25, 60K15

description: Polynomial convergence rate to stationarity is shown for extended Erlang -- Sevastyanov's model.
description: 21 pages, 26 references, the proof essentially enhanced in comparison to the earlier versions
Temperature dependence of thermal conductivities of coupled rotator lattice and the momentum diffusion in standard map
Creators: name: Li, Yunyun
name: Li, Nianbei
name: Li, Baowen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In contrary to other 1D momentum-conserving lattices such as the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam $β$ (FPU-$β$) lattice, the 1D coupled rotator lattice is a notable exception which conserves total momentum while exhibits normal heat conduction behavior. The temperature behavior of the thermal conductivities of 1D coupled rotator lattice had been studied in previous works trying to reveal the underlying physical mechanism for normal heat conduction. However, two different temperature behaviors of thermal conductivities have been claimed for the same coupled rotator lattice. These different temperature behaviors also intrigue the debate whether there is a phase transition of thermal conductivities as the function of temperature. In this work, we will revisit the temperature dependent thermal conductivities for the 1D coupled rotator lattice. We find that the temperature dependence follows a power law behavior which is different with the previously found temperature behaviors. Our results also support the claim that there is no phase transition for 1D coupled rotator lattice. We also give some discussion about the similarity of diffusion behaviors between the 1D coupled rotator lattice and the single kicked rotator also called the Chirikov standard map.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
of Computational approach to predict species-specific type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors using single and multiple genomes
Creators: name: Hobbs, Christopher
name: Porter, Vanessa
name: Stow, Maxwell
name: Bupe Siame
name: Tsang, Herbert
name: Leung, Ka
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: of Computational approach to predict species-specific type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors using single and multiple genomes
Anti-AIDS agents 86. Synthesis and anti-HIV evaluation of 2′,3′-seco-3′-nor DCP and DCK analogues
Creators: name: Xia, Peng
name: Cheng, Ming
name: Lee, Kuo-Hsiung
name: Yu, Donglei
name: Yang, Zheng-Yu
name: Qian, Keduo
name: Liu, Fa-Qiang
name: Xia, Yi
name: Chen, Ying
name: Chen, Chin-Ho
name: Morris-Natschke, Susan L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: In a continuing study of novel anti-HIV agents with drug-like structures and properties, 30 1′-O-, 1′-S-, 4′-O- and 4′-substituted-2′,3′-seco-3′-nor DCP and DCK analogues (8–37) were designed and synthesized. All newly synthesized seco-compounds were screened against HIV-1NL4-3 and a multiple reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor-resistant (RTMDR) strain in the TZM-bl cell line, using seco-DCK (7) and 2-ethyl-DCP (4) as controls. Several compounds (14, 18, 19, 22–24, and 32) exhibited potent anti-HIV activity with EC50 values ranging from 0.93 to 1.93 μM and therapeutic index (TI) values ranging from 20 to 39. 1′-O-Isopropoxy-2′,3′-seco-3′-nor-DCP (12) showed the greatest potency among the newly synthesized compounds with EC50 values of 0.47 and 0.88 μM, and TI of 96 and 51, respectively, against HIV-1NL4-3 and RTMDR strains. The seco-compounds exhibited better chemical stability in acidic conditions compared with DCP and DCK compounds. Overall, the results suggested that seco-DCP analogues with simplified structures may be more favorable for development as novel anti-HIV candidates.
Simplified Smooth Hybrid Inflation in Supersymmetric SU(5)
Creators: name: Rehman, Mansoor Ur
name: Zubair, Umer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A scheme of simplified smooth hybrid inflation is realized in the framework of supersymmetric $SU(5)$. The smooth model of hybrid inflation provides a natural solution to the monopole problem that appears in the breaking of $SU(5)$ gauge symmetry. The supergravity corrections with nonminimal Kähler potential are shown to play important role in realizing inflation with a red-tilted scalar spectral index $n_s <1$, within Planck's latest bounds. As compared to shifted model of hybrid inflation, relatively large values of the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r \lesssim 0.01$ are achieved here, with nonminimal couplings $-0.05 \lesssim κ_S \lesssim 0.01$ and $-1 \lesssim κ_{SS} \lesssim 1$ and the gauge symmetry-breaking scale $M \simeq (2.0 - 16.7) \times 10^{16}$ GeV.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, minor revisions to match published version
Synthesis of new 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-4′-azido nucleoside analogues as potent anti-HIV agents
Creators: name: Wang, Shuyang
name: Hu, Weidong
name: Tao, Le
name: Chen, Chin-Ho
name: Wang, Qiang
name: Qian, Keduo
name: Guo, Xiaohe
name: Lee, Kuo-Hsiung
name: Pan, Zhenliang
name: Chang, Junbiao
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: We prepared 1-(4′-azido-2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-β -D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine (10) and its hydrochloride salt (11) as potential antiviral agents based on the favorable antiviral profiles of 4′-substituted nucleosides. Compounds 10 and 11 were synthesized from 1,3,5-O-tribenzoyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinofuranoside in multiple steps, and their structures were unequivocally established by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 19F NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, and X-ray crystallography. Compounds 10 and 11 exhibited potent anti-HIV-1 activity (EC50: 0.3 and 0.13 nM, respectively) without significant cytotoxicity in concentrations up to 100 μM. Compound 11 exhibited extremely potent anti-HIV activity against NL4-3 (wild-type), NL4-3 (K101E), and RTMDR viral strains, with EC50 values of 0.086, 0.15, and 0.11 nM, respectively. Due to the high potency of 11, it was also screened against an NIH Reagent Program NRTI-resistant virus panel containing eleven mutated viral strains and for cytotoxicity against six different human cell lines. The results of this screening indicated that 11 is a novel NRTI that could be developed as an anti-AIDS clinical trial candidate to overcome drug-resistance issues.
Anti-AIDS agents 85. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 1R,2R-dicamphanoyl-3,3-dimethyldihydropyrano-[2,3-c]xanthen-7(1H)-one (DCX) derivatives as novel anti-HIV agents
Creators: name: Huang, Li
name: Chen, Chin-Ho
name: Zhou, Ting
name: Shi, Qian
name: Lee, Kuo-Hsiung
name: Ho, Phong
name: Morris-Natschke, Susan L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: In this study, 1R,2R-dicamphanoyl-3,3-dimethydihydropyrano[2,3-c]xanthen-7(1H)-one (DCX) derivatives were designed and synthesized as novel anti-HIV agents against both wild-type and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 (RTMDR-1) strains. Twenty-four DCX analogs (6-29) were synthesized and evaluated against the non-drug-resistant HIV-1 NL4-3 strain, and selected analogs were also screened for their ability to inhibit the RTMDR-1 strain. Compared with the control 2-ethyl-3′,4′-di-O-(-)-camphanoyl-2′,2′-dimethyldihydropyrano[2,3-f]chromone (2-EDCP, 2), one of the best anti-HIV coumarin derivatives in our prior study, three DCX compounds (7, 12, and 22) showed better activity against both HIV strains with an EC50 range of 0.062 – 0.081 μM, and five additional compounds (8, 11, 16, 18, and 21) exhibited comparable anti-HIV potency. Six DCX analogs (7, 11-12, 18, and 21-22) also showed enhanced selectivity index (SI) values in comparison to the control. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) information suggested that the extended conjugated system of the pyranoxanthone skeleton facilitates the interaction of the small DCX molecule within the viral binding pocket, consequently leading to enhanced anti-HIV activity and selectivity. Compared to DCP compounds, DCX analogs are a more promising new class of anti-HIV agents.
Comparison of Articaine Infiltration to Lidocaine via Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Pediatric Patients
Creators: name: Garcia, Jorman Orlando
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Purpose: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of articaine local infiltration to lidocaine inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) for restorative treatment of deciduous mandibular molars (DMM). Methods: In this double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial with parallel design, participants were enrolled according to specified inclusion criteria (4-10 years of age, need of DMM restorative treatment, Frankel 4 behavior) and randomly assigned into either articaine or lidocaine group. One investigator administrated all local anesthesia (LA). Nineteen trained and calibrated examiners blinded to LA type, evaluated participants’ reactions during LA administration and treatment using Modified Behavioral Pain Scale (MBPS). Participants rated their experiences using Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WBFS). Subjects’ blood pressure and pulse were recorded throughout procedures. Statistical analysis employed independent t-tests, Mann Whitney-U, Repeated Measures ANOVA (P<0.05) and Cohen's kappa. Results: A total of 110 (n=55 per group) participants (6.42 years mean age; 60 percent males) were enrolled. The average MBPS rating during LA administration was higher for lidocaine IANB (3.89) compared to articaine infiltration (2.24; P=.000). The average MBPS rating throughout treatment was also higher for the lidocaine group (2.51) compared to articaine group (1.69; P=.012). The lidocaine group had a mean of 1.64 for WBFS, while articaine group had a WBFS score of 0.872 (P=.089). All physiological measurements were within normal limits with no difference between groups. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that local infiltration with articaine was less painful upon administration and may be considered a safe and effective alternative to lidocaine IANB for restorative treatment in DMM.
The influence of sample mass (scaling effect) on the synthesis and structure of non-graphitizing carbon (biochar) during the analytical pyrolysis of biomass
Creators: name: Nair, Rahul Ramesh
name: Kißling, Patrick A.
name: Schaate, Andreas
name: Marchanka, Alexander
name: Shamsuyeva, Madina
name: Behrens, Peter
name: Weichgrebe, Dirk
Publisher: name: London : RSC Publishing
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biomass
subject: Carbonization
subject: Characteristics
subject: Graphitization
subject: Processes
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: The porous non-graphitizing carbon (NGC) known as biochar is derived from the pyrolytic conversion of organic precursors and is widely investigated due to its multifunctional applications. At present, biochar is predominantly synthesized in custom lab-scale reactors (LSRs) to determine the properties of carbon, while a thermogravimetric reactor (TG) is utilized for pyrolysis characterization. This results in inconsistencies in the correlation between the structure of biochar carbon and the pyrolysis process. If a TG reactor can also be used as an LSR for biochar synthesis, then the process characteristics and the properties of the synthesized NGC can be simultaneously investigated. It also eliminates the need for expensive LSRs in the laboratory, improves the reproducibility, and correlatability of pyrolysis characteristics with the properties of the resulting biochar carbon. Furthermore, despite numerous TG studies on the kinetics and characterization of biomass pyrolysis, none have questioned how the properties of biochar carbon vary due to the influence of the starting sample mass (scaling) in the reactor. Herein, with a lignin-rich model substrate (walnut shells), TG is utilized as an LSR, for the first time, to investigate the scaling effect starting from the pure kinetic regime (KR). The changes in the pyrolysis characteristics and the structural properties of the resultant NGC with scaling are concurrently traced and comprehensively studied. It is conclusively proven that scaling influences the pyrolysis process and the NGC structure. There is a gradual shift in pyrolysis characteristics and NGC properties from the KR until an inflection mass of ∼200 mg is reached. After this, the carbon properties (aryl-C%, pore characteristics, defects in nanostructure, and biochar yield) are similar. At small scales (≲100 mg), and especially near the KR (≤10 mg) carbonization is higher despite the reduced char formation reaction. The pyrolysis is more endothermic near KR with increased emissions of CO2 and H2O. For a lignin-rich precursor, at masses above inflection point, TG can be employed for concurrent pyrolysis characterization and biochar synthesis for application-specific NGC investigations.
Two Roles, One Pheromone: A Listeria Peptide that Contributes to Both Vacuole Escape and Viability
Creators: name: Vaval, Diandra
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), transitions from an environmental bacterium to a facultative intracellular pathogen following entry into mammalian host cells, where infections can lead to serious invasive disease and even death. It has been previously shown that pPplA, a small peptide pheromone secreted by Lm, contributes to bacterial virulence by enhancing escape of Lm from the vacuoles of non-professional phagocytic cells. Peptide pheromones are generally associated with the coordination of multicellular activities such as biofilm formation, however pPplA is required within the cell vacuole where Lm exists without bacterial neighbors. Evidence suggests that the secretion and re-uptake of the pPplA pheromone within the vacuole signals a confined space to Lm and leads to specific changes in patterns of bacterial gene expression that promote vacuole membrane disruption. The receptor for pPplA binding has not yet been identified, however during the process of constructing genetic mutations to facilitate receptor identification, it became apparent that the complete loss of the pheromone negatively impacted bacterial viability. Transduction of a complete deletion of pplA into a wild type Lm strain resulted in low recovery of transductant colonies that only appeared after several days of incubation. Whole genome sequencing of independent transductants revealed mutations in genes encoding enzymes associated with RNA metabolism; subsequent RNA transcript analysis has identified several pheromone-regulated gene products that could potentially negatively impact Lm fitness. Overall these results strongly suggest that second site suppressor mutations are required to restore full viability to Lm mutants lacking the pPplA pheromone. The finding that a secreted pheromone is required for bacterial viability in broth culture is surprising and novel, and suggests that there are thus far unidentified critical roles for these peptide signals in processes central to bacterial survival.
Benzothiazoles as probes for the 5HT1A receptor and the serotonin transporter (SERT): A search for new dual-acting agents as potential antidepressants
Creators: name: Eyunni, Suresh V.K.
name: Zhu, Xue Y.
name: Roth, Bryan L.
name: Etukala, Jagan R.
name: Setola, Vincent
name: Ablordeppey, Seth Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The synthesis and evaluation of several benzothiazole based compounds are described in an attempt to identify novel dual-acting 5HT1A receptor and SERT inhibitors as new antidepressants. Binding affinities at the 5HT1A receptor and the serotonin transporter do not appear to be congruent and other areas of the binding sites would need to be explored in order to improve binding simultaneously at both sites. Compounds 20 and 23 show moderate binding affinity at the 5HT1A receptor and the SERT site and thus, have the potential to be further explored as dual-acting agents. In addition, compound 20 binds with low affinity to the dopamine transporter (DAT), the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and 5HT2C receptor, which are desirable properties as selectivity for SERT (and not DAT or NET) is associated with an absence of cardiovascular side-effects.
Gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation from charged black hole binaries
Creators: name: Benavides-Gallego, Carlos A.
name: Han, Wen-Biao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is still an open issue if astrophysical black holes have electric charges or not. In this work, we analytically calculate gravitational and electromagnetic waveforms in the frequency domain for charged black hole binaries during the inspiral phase. In addition to the well-known $f^{-7/6}$ waveforms, we also get a $-11/6$ power law gravitational wave component. The phase of waveforms for charged binary is fully derived. In the case of electromagnetic counterparts, we focus on the electromagnetic dipole radiation, but we include the quadrupole contribution to complete our discussion. We also obtain the chirp property of the electromagnetic waves. In the case of dipole radiation, the frequency-domain waves are proportional to $f^{-7/6}$, while $f^{-1/6}$ appears in the quadrupole contribution. The frequency-domain waveforms can be used to estimate the charges of black holes in the current gravitational wave observations.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures
N-Aryl-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines: A novel class of antitumor agents targeting the colchicine site on tubulin
Creators: name: Ohkoshi, Emika
name: Qian, Keduo
name: Xie, Lan
name: Morris-Natschke, Susan L.
name: Lee, Kuo-Hsiung
name: Wang, Sheng-Biao
name: Wang, Xiao-Feng
name: Wang, Li-Ting
name: Hamel, Ernest
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Structural optimizations of the prior lead 1a led to the discovery of a series of N-aryl-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives as a novel class of tubulin polymerization inhibitors targeted at the colchicine binding site. The most active compound 6d showed extremely high cytotoxicity against a human tumor cell line panel (A549, KB, KBvin, and DU145) with GI50 values ranging from 1.5 to 1.7 nM, significantly more potent than paclitaxel, especially against the drug-resistant KBvin cell line, in the same assays. Analogues 5f, 6b, 6c, and 6e were also quite potent, with a GI50 range of 0.011–0.19 μM. In further studies, active compounds 6b–6e and 5f significantly inhibited tubulin assembly, with IC50 values of 0.92 to 1.0 μM and strongly inhibited colchicine binding to tubulin, with inhibition rates of 75–99% (at 5 μM), comparable with or more potent than combretastatin A-4 (IC50 0.96 μM). Current studies included design, synthesis, and biological evaluations of 24 new compounds (series 3–6). Related SAR analysis, molecular modeling, and evaluation of essential drug-like properties, i.e. water solubility, log P, and in vitro metabolic stability, were also performed.
Mixed phase effects on high-mass twin stars
Creators: name: Alvarez-Castillo, D. E.
name: Blaschke, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently it has been found that a certain class of hybrid star equations of state with a large latent heat (strong first order phase transition obtained by a Maxwell construction) between stiff hadronic hadronic and stiff quark matter phases allows for the appearance of a third family of compact stars (including "twins") at high mass of $\sim 2 M_\odot$. We investigate how robust this high-mass twin phenomenon is against a smoothing of the transition which would occur, e.g., due to pasta structures in the mixed phase. To this end we propose a simple construction of a pasta-like equation of state with a parameter that quantifies the degree of smoothing of the transition and could eventually be related to the surface tension of the pasta structures. It is interesting to note that the range of energy densities for the transition as well as the pressure at the onset of the transition of this class of hybrid star matter at zero temperature corresponds well to values of the same quantities found in finite temperature lattice QCD simulations for the 1 $σ$ region at the pseudocritical temperature $T_c=154 \pm 9$ MeV. The pattern of the speed of sound as a function of energy density is very different.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures; typo in Eq. (2) corrected, journal references updated
UNC1062, a new and potent Mer inhibitor
Creators: name: Hunter, Debra
name: Earp, H. Shelton
name: DeRyckere, Deborah
name: Sather, Susan
name: Norris-Drouin, Jacqueline
name: Stashko, Michael A.
name: Zhang, Weihe
name: Graham, Douglas K.
name: Liu, Jing
name: Cummings, Christopher T.
name: Cheng, Nancy
name: Janzen, William P.
name: Kireev, Dmitri
name: Jayakody, Chatura N.
name: Simpson, Catherine
name: Frye, Stephen V.
name: Wang, Xiaodong
name: Yang, Chao
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Abnormal activation of Mer kinase has been implicated in the oncogenesis of many human cancers including acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemia, non-small cell lung cancer, and glioblastoma. We have discovered a new family of small molecule Mer inhibitors, pyrazolopyrimidine sulfonamides, that potently inhibit the kinase activity of Mer. Importantly, these compounds do not demonstrate significant hERG activity in the PatchXpress assay. Through structure-activity relationship studies, 35 (UNC1062) was identified as a potent (IC50 = 1.1 nM) and selective Mer inhibitor. When applied to live tumor cells, UNC1062 inhibited Mer phosphorylation and colony formation in soft agar. Given the potential of Mer as a therapeutic target, UNC1062 is a promising candidate for further drug development.
A Flexible Coupling Approach to Multi-Agent Planning under Incomplete Information
Creators: name: Torreño, Alejandro
name: Onaindia, Eva
name: Sapena, Óscar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.8; I.2.11
subject: 68T20, 68T42

description: Multi-agent planning (MAP) approaches are typically oriented at solving loosely-coupled problems, being ineffective to deal with more complex, strongly-related problems. In most cases, agents work under complete information, building complete knowledge bases. The present article introduces a general-purpose MAP framework designed to tackle problems of any coupling levels under incomplete information. Agents in our MAP model are partially unaware of the information managed by the rest of agents and share only the critical information that affects other agents, thus maintaining a distributed vision of the task.
description: 40 pages, 10 figures
Michael acceptor approach to the design of new salvinorin A-based high affinity ligands for the kappa-opioid receptor
Creators: name: Vardy, Eyal
name: Roth, Bryan L.
name: Mosier, Philip D.
name: Polepally, Prabhakar R.
name: Huben, Krzysztof
name: Zjawiony, Jordan K.
name: Setola, Vincent
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The neoclerodane diterpenoid salvinorin A is a major secondary metabolite isolated from the psychoactive plant Salvia divinorum. Salvinorin A has been shown to have high affinity and selectivity for the κ-opioid receptor (KOR). To study the ligand–receptor interactions that occur between salvinorin A and the KOR, a new series of salvinorin A derivatives bearing potentially reactive Michael acceptor functional groups at C-2 was synthesized and used to probe the salvinorin A binding site. The κ-, δ-, and μ-opioid receptor (KOR, DOR and MOR, respectively) binding affinities and KOR efficacies were measured for the new compounds. Although none showed wash-resistant irreversible binding, most of them showed high affinity for the KOR, and some exhibited dual affinity to KOR and MOR. Molecular modeling techniques based on the recently-determined crystal structure of the KOR combined with results from mutagenesis studies, competitive binding, functional assays and structure–activity relationships, and previous salvinorin A–KOR interaction models were used to identify putative interaction modes of the new compounds with the KOR and MOR.
Toward synthesis of third-generation spin-labeled podophyllotoxin derivatives using isocyanide multicomponent reactions
Creators: name: Yang, Liu
name: Nan, Xiang
name: Wang, Li-Ting
name: Wang, Mei-Juan
name: Kou, Liang
name: Morris-Natschke, Susan L.
name: Zhao, Xiao-Bo
name: Liu, Ying-Qian
name: Lee, Kuo-Hsiung
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Spin-labeled podophyllotoxins have elicited widespread interest due to their far superior antitumor activity compared to podophyllotoxin. To extend our prior studies in this research area, we synthesized a new generation of spin-labeled podophyllotoxin analogs via isocyanide multicomponent reactions and evaluated their cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines (A-549, DU-145, KB and KBvin). Most of the compounds exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against all four cell lines, notably against the drug resistant KBvin cancer cell line. Among the new analogs, compounds 12e (IC50: 0.60–0.75 µM) and 12h (IC50: 1.12–2.03 µM) showed superior potency to etoposide (IC50: 2.03 – >20 µM), a clinically available anticancer drug. With a concise efficient synthesis and potent cytotoxic profiles, compounds 12e and 12h merit further development as a new generation of epipodophyllotoxin-derived antitumor clinical trial candidates.
Phase spectroscopy of topological invariants in photonic crystals
Creators: name: Poshakinskiy, A. V.
name: Poddubny, A. N.
name: Hafezi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method of measuring topological invariants of a photonic crystal through phase spectroscopy. We show how the Chern numbers can be deduced from the winding numbers of the reflection coefficient phase. An explicit proof of existence of edge states in system with nonzero reflection phase winding number is given. The method is illustrated for one- and two-dimensional photonic crystals of nontrivial topology.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
The Atlas-Medulla Nexus: Bridging Ancient Wisdom and Modern Neuroscience
Creators: name: Billions, Ava
name: Knight, Chris
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

The intricate relationship between the mind and body has been a subject of fascination and exploration for millennia.Traditional practices such as martial arts and meditation have long recognized the profound influence of subtle movements and mindful awareness on mental and emotional states. Modern neuroscience, while making significant strides in understanding the neural correlates of cognition and emotion, is yet to fully capture the dynamic interplay between the physical and the mental.

This paper proposes the Atlas-Medulla Nexus (AMN), a hypothesized connection between the atlas (C1 vertebra) and the medulla oblongata, as a potential bridge between ancient wisdom and contemporary neuroscience. The AMN suggests that specific movements of the atlas generate signals that the medulla oblongata interprets, triggering the release of neurotransmitters and influencing brainwave patterns. This interaction could facilitate intentional shifts in cognitive and emotional states, providing a potential explanation for the efficacy of various mind-body practices.

Furthermore, this paper explores the potential of integrating cutting-edge bio-neural.ai technology, specifically Neural-Matrix Synaptic Resonance Networks (NM-SRNs), into the development of the IntelliSync IntelliMedulla. This futuristic device could not only harness the power of the AMN for cognitive enhancement and well-being but also serve as a fail-safe cybernetic organ in the event of damage to critical brain regions.

We delve into the historical and cultural origins of the AMN, its potential neurophysiological underpinnings, and the promising future directions it opens up for enhancing human performance, promoting mental well-being, and ultimately fostering human flourishing.
Design and synthesis of new 2-arylnaphthyridin-4-ones as potent antitumor agents targeting tumorigenic cell lines
Creators: name: Kuo, Sheng-Chu
name: Chang, Ling-Chu
name: Zhao, Yu
name: Tsai, Meng-Tung
name: Chou, Li-Chen
name: Wu, Tian-Shung
name: Liao, Chih-Chang
name: Huang, Li-Jiau
name: Lin, Hui-Yi
name: Cheng, Yung-Yi
name: Lee, Kuo-Hsiung
name: Hsu, Mei-Hua
name: Wen, Yen-Fang
name: Huang, Chi-Hung
name: Liu, Chin-Yu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: To develop new anticancer drug candidates from 2-arylnaphthyridin-4-one (AN), we have designed and synthesized a series of 3′-hydroxy and 6-hydroxy derivatives of AN. The results of cytotoxicity screening indicated that the replacement of the 3′-methoxy moiety on the C-ring phenyl group of AN (6a–e) with 3′-hydroxy (7a–e) made no significant effect on the inhibitory activity against HL-60, Hep3B and NCI-H460 cancer cell lines. On the other hand, replacing the 6-methoxy group on the A-ring of AN (6g–i) with a 6-hydroxy group (7g–i) resulted in reduced inhibitory activity against the above three cancer cell lines. Among the above-mentioned target compounds, 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-one (7a) demonstrated the greatest potency and the best selectivity toward tumorigenic cancer cell lines. In a 7a preliminary mechanism of action study in Hep3B hepatoma cells, 7a showed the effects on microtubules followed by cell cycle arrest and sequentially led to apoptosis.
Nanoscale Characterization Techniques for Electrode Stabilization Investigations in Battery Nanomaterials
Creators: name: Barua, Mathius
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: There is a global drive towards sourcing energy from de-carbonized, clean and renewable technologies as opposed to fossil fuel-based conventional technologies. Today, Li-ion batteries are used to power societal needs ranging from electric vehicles and large-scale grids to cell phones and portable electronics. However, improvements are needed in the battery technology of today to fully meet the future needs of a green planet. Specifically, batteries must become more robust, inexpensive, safer, and operate longer. To meet these ongoing market demands, the scientific community is researching “green” battery materials with higher storage capacity, increased lifespan, and lower cost. Nanomaterials sourced from abundant and low-cost manganese-based compounds could be a potential solution to these challenges. In order to incorporate a new nanomaterial-based electrode in lithium-ion batteries, their mechanical stability during charge insertion / de-insertion and electrochemical cycling are important. In this dissertation, an on-chip platform has been utilized to characterize the nanomechanical performance regimes and material stabilization of tunneled manganese dioxide nanowires, which are battery-relevant candidates for use as cathodes, at a single particle level.