Culex (Melanoconion) phyllados Hutchings & Sallum, 2008, n. sp.
Creators: name: Hutchings, Rosa Sá Gomes
name: Sallum, Maria Anice Mureb
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Culicidae
Culex
Culex phyllados

description: Culex (Melanoconion) phyllados n. sp.
(Fig. 1 A–G)
Culex (Melanoconion) coppenamensis Form 1 of Sallum & Hutchings 2003: 615 (distribution; systematics notes; male genitalia); Hutchings et al. 2005: 433 (species distribution).
Description. See Sallum & Hutchings (2003) for description and details of the adult male. Male genitalia. Tergum IX as figured (Fig. 1 A). Gonocoxite globose, outer margin convex, inner margin nearly straight; ventrolateral setae strongly developed, ventromesal surface with small setae scattered from base to level of distal division of subapical lobe, setae stronger basally, lateral surface with a well-developed patch of long, slender setae at level of subapical lobe (Fig. 1 B); tergomesal surface with 2–5 foliform setae at level of subapical lobe (for details see Fig. 1 B in Sallum & Hutchings 2003); proximal part of ventrolateral surface with scales (for details see Fig. 1 A in Sallum & Hutchings 2003); subapical lobe distinctly divided, divisions separated, proximal division unique at base, columnar, not clearly divided into 2 branches at apex, proximal branch shorter than distal branch, each branch bearing 1 long, robust, sinuous, apically hooked seta (setae a and b), seta b stronger than a, proximal division with a patch of short setae mesally at base of distal surface (Figs. 1 B, D); distal division divided into 2 arms, a proximal, relatively short and broad arm and a long, strong columnar arm arising from base at lateral surface (Figs. 1 B, D), most proximal arm with 6 apical setae, including 1 long, strong, apically hooked seta (h) and 1 relatively long, narrow, pointed saberlike seta (s) inserted in a small tubercle at base of seta h, both h and s arise from separate tubercles at proximal side of arm, separate from remaining setae, and 3 subequal, narrow appressed foliform setae (f) and 1 long, strong, saberlike seta (s) inserted at distal side; columnar arm (Figs. 1 B, D) long, strong, nearly straight with 1 foliform seta (l) at apex; seta l strongly enlarged, asymmetrical not striate with a well-developed lobe projecting distally from apex (Figs. 1 B, D). Gonostylus (Figs. 1 B, C) short, strong, curved at midlength, with a patch of spicules at midlength on dorsal surface, widened in distal 0.5 (in lateral view), tapered distally and bearing a ventral crest of short, scattered spicules from widened part to tip of apical snout; apical snout short; gonostylar claw short, leaflike. Phallosome (Fig. 1 E) with lateral plate slightly longer than aedeagal sclerite, aedeagal sclerite narrow and curved in lateral view with anterior margin thickened and sclerotized, distal end narrowly fused to base of lateral plate; distal part of lateral plate with apical, ventral and lateral processes; apical process short, broad at base, somewhat curved on ventral side, apical margin straight and smooth, pointed on dorsal side, dorsal edge concave; ventral process short, somewhat hooklike, pointed, curved laterally; lateral process elongate, somewhat triangular, directed dorsolaterally, tapered to apex, apex pointed; base of lateral plate with short dorsal process and basally continuous with thickened margin of aedeagal sclerite; aedeagal sclerite not connected by dorsal aedeagal bridge. Proctiger (Fig. 1 F) elongate; paraproct distally narrowed, basally expanded at articulation with basal plate and posterolateral margin of tergum X; paraproct crown with 9–10 simple blades; 2 or 3 cercal setae. Tergum X (Fig. 1 F) large, somewhat rectangular in outline, rounded at apex; medial surface convex, widened and projecting distally. Tergum VIII with a shallow V-shaped emargination, separating two lateral lobes, which are somewhat round distally and bear scattered setae (Fig. 1 G).
Holotype. Adult male with dissected male genitalia on microscope slide (specimen number PNJ- 000845_01), BRAZIL: Amazonas state, Novo Airão municipality, Parque Nacional do Jaú, Jaú River, Miratucu Stream (01°47'02"S, 61°49'01"W), 28–29 Jul 1995, collected with UV light trap (1800–0600 h) along stream inside tropical rain forest, R. W. Hutchings coll., deposited in the Invertebrate Collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil, accession number DIPTE-510.
Paratypes. Fifty-eight specimens (28 pinned adult males, 2 adult males mounted on microscope slides, 28 male genitalia on microscope slides), as follows:
Same collection as holotype, 4 males, 4 male genitalia (specimen numbers PNJ-000845_02, PNJ- 000845_03, PNJ-000845_04, PNJ-000845_05); same location as holotype, 26 Jul 1995, collected with Shannon trap (2000-2100 h) along stream inside forest, Hutchings & Sallum coll., 2 males, 2 male genitalia (specimen numbers PNJ-000771, PNJ-000785); 26-27 Jul 1995, collected with UV light trap (1800-0600 h) along stream inside forest, R. W. Hutchings coll., 16 males, 16 male genitalia (specimen numbers PNJ-000803_01, PNJ-000803_02, PNJ-000803_03, PNJ-000803_04, PNJ-000803_05, PNJ-000803_06, PNJ-000803_07, PNJ- 000803_08, PNJ-000803_10, PNJ-000803_11, PNJ-000803_12, PNJ-000803_13, PNJ-000803_14, PNJ- 000803_15, PNJ-000803_16, PNJ-000803_17) and 2 adult males mounted on microscope slides with associated dissected male genitalia (specimen numbers PNJ-000803_18, PNJ-000803_19); 28 Jul 1995, collected with Shannon trap (1800-2000 h) inside secondary forest, Hutchings & Sallum coll., 1 male, 1 male genitalia (specimen number PNJ-000815); Novo Airão, Parque Nacional do Jaú, Lower Carabinani River, 01°59'00"S, 61°32'00"W, 12–13 Apr 1994, collected with CDC trap (1800–0600 h) inside secondary forest, Ferreira & Hutchings coll., 2 males, 2 male genitalia (specimen numbers Jam-000143_01, Jam-000143_02); São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Querari, 15°00'00"N, 069°51'00"W, 22 Apr 1993, 6:00 pm–6:00am, collected with CDC trap (1800–0600 h) inside secondary forest, Ferreira & Vidal coll., 1 male, 1 male genitalia (specimen number Qam-000165); Japurá, Juami River, Estação Ecológica Juami-Japurá, 02°04'24"S, 68°16'52"W, 10–11 Aug 2005, collected with CDC UV trap (1800–0600 h) inside upland “terra firme” forest, Aquino coll., 1 male, 1 male genitalia (specimen number JJAM-001399); Nhamunda, Areia, Igarape do Areia (ME), Rio Nhamunda (MD), 01°35'22"S, 057°37'06"W, 16–17 May 2008, collected with CDC UV trap (1800–0600 h) inside upland “terra firme” forest, Hutchings,RSG et al. coll., 1 male, 1 male genitalia (specimen number ProN- 000056).
Distribution and bionomics. Culex phyllados was found in four different municipalities (Novo Airão, Japurá, São Gabriel da Cachoeira and Nhamunda) in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. This species was collected along rivers in both primary and secondary forest using UV light traps (1800–0600 h), Shannon traps (1800– 2100 h) and CDC traps with either incandescent or UV light sources (1800–0600 h). Nothing is known about the bionomics of this species.
Etymology. The name phyllados, Greek for ‘leafy’, was chosen to reflect the presence of 2–5 foliform setae on the tergomesal surface of the gonocoxite and one strongly enlarged, asymmetrical, foliform seta on the distal division of the subapical lobe.
Taxonomic notes. Culex phyllados can be recognized by the following characters of the male genitalia: 1) the presence of 2–5 foliform setae on the tergomesal surface at the level of the subapical lobe of the gonocoxite (for details see Fig. 1 B in Sallum & Hutchings 2003); 2) the distal division of the subapical lobe of the gonocoxite is divided into two arms, a relatively short and broad arm and a long, strong columnar arm; 3) the most proximal arm with one long, strong, apically hooked seta (h), one relatively long, narrow, pointed saberlike seta (s), three subequal, narrow appressed foliform setae (f) and one long, strong, saberlike seta (s) (Fig. 1 D); 4) the most distal arm is long, strong, nearly straight and bearing one large strongly asymmetrical, nonstriate foliform seta, with a well developed lobe projecting distally from the apex (Fig. 1 D); 5) the gonostylus is short, strong, curved at midlength, possessing a patch of spicules at midlength on dorsal surface, bearing a crest of short, scattered spicules extending distally from widened part to apex of apical snout on ventral surface; and 6) apical snout of the gonostylus short (Fig. 1 C).
description: Published as part of Hutchings, Rosa Sá Gomes & Sallum, Maria Anice Mureb, 2008, Two new species of Culex subgenus Melanoconion (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Amazon forest, pp. 41-50 in Zootaxa 1920 on pages 42-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274574