cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Mask that Eats into the Face: Images and the Right of Publicity
Creators: name: Tushnet, Rebecca
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2015

description: In their eagerness to reward celebrities for the power of their “images,” and to prevent other people from exploiting those images, courts have allowed the right of publicity to distort the First Amendment. The power of the visual image has allowed courts to create an inconsistent, overly expansive regime that would be easily understood as constitutionally unacceptable were the same rules applied to written words as are applied to drawings and video games. The intersection of a conceptually unbounded right with a category of objects that courts do not handle well has created deep inconsistencies and biases in the treatment of visual and audiovisual media, particularly comics and video games. These problems show up both in First Amendment defenses and in copyright preemption analysis. The possible arguments one might offer for treating images differently are insufficient to justify this disparity. The Article concludes that, absent the distortion produced by images, the right of publicity would properly be understood as sharply limited.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 38 No. 2 (2015)
The maximum energy dissipation principle and phenomenological cooperative and collective effects
Creators: name: Moroz, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The collective phenomena in physics and cooperative phenomena in biology/chemistry is compared in terms of the variational description. The maximum energy dissipation principle is employed and the cost-like functional is chosen according to an optimal control based formulation (Moroz, 2008; Moroz, 2009). Using this approach, the variational outline has been considered for non-equilibrium thermodynamic conditions. The differences between the application of the proposed approach to the description of cooperative phenomena in chemical/biochemical kinetics and the Landau free energy approach to collective phenomena in physics have been investigated.
description: Preprint, 11 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Physics Letters A, to appear in 2010
Bring Back the Noise
Creators: name: Azran, Julian
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2015

description: In 1988, John Carlin argued in an article in this Journal that fair use should be extended to cover works of appropriation art so as to protect appropriative artists from claims of copyright infringement. He wrote that “[a]n extension of fair use to cover artistic use through Appropriation would not compromise either the underlying logic of copyright law, or the intent of Congress in creating a legislative exception to copyright monopoly in the fair use doctrine.” In 1992, artist Jeff Koons unsuccessfully argued that one of his sculptures, which borrowed heavily from a photograph he purchased in a card shop, was fair use. But in 1994, the Supreme Court ruled that works of appropriation art do not inherently infringe on the original author’s copyright. Since then, courts have moved towards embracing Carlin’s view that copyright should encourage appropriation art by accepting such art as fair use, not condemn it by finding such art to be infringement. The most recent development came from the Second Circuit in Cariou v. Prince, where the court of appeals embraced perhaps the most expansive interpretation of fair use of any court yet. Up to this point, however, these cases have only involved visual art. This Note seeks to track the progress that courts have made towards accepting appropriation art as fair use and argues that the reasoning from recent cases dealing with visual art can also be applied to music.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 38 No. 1 (2014)
Additional file 6 of Evaluation of non-invasive imaging parameters in coronary microvascular disease: a systematic review
Creators: name: Groepenhoff, F.
name: Klaassen, R. G. M.
name: Valstar, G. B.
name: Bots, S. H.
name: Onland-Moret, N. C.
name: Den Ruijter, H. M.
name: Leiner, T.
name: Eikendal, A. L. M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 6: Table S5. Definition of nonobstructive CAD in included studies.
Projekt coli-conc Zwischenbericht 01.05.2018 - 30.04.2019
Creators: name: Diedrichs, Reiner
name: Balakrishnan, Uma
name: Voß, Jakob
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Bericht zum von der DFG geförderten Projekt coli-conc (https://coli-conc.gbv.de/) für den Berichtszeitraum 01.05.2018-30.04.2019 mit Abschluss der aktuellen Förderphase.
Branching Brownian motion models for cell developmental trajectories
Creators: name: Gadhiwala, Nitya
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Recent advances in single cell sequencing has led to the availability of gene expression data. We model the trajectories of cells in gene expression space using a diffusion and gradient drift process that also undergoes branching. We recover the law on paths of this process given time marginals using an entropy minimization problem. The optimization is over the set of all processes with the same branching mechanism and given marginals. We prove that among these the one which minimizes the relative entropy with respect to a reference branching Brownian motion is the ground truth. The above result has been proved earlier for models that don't consider branching. This thesis extends it for the case with branching.
Making Copyright Work for a Global Market
Creators: name: Perlmutter, Sheila
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2015

description: Copyright has become a more central part of society today than ever before. We have new objective evidence of the economic contribution of the copyright industries: in the United States, the Department of Commerce’s (DOC) 2012 report on “Intellectual Property and the U.S. Economy” found that copyright-intensive industries contributed $641 billion, or 4.4%, to the U.S. GDP in 2010, and provided more than 5 million jobs. Last year’s comparable study for Europe from the Office for Harmonization of the Internal Market (OHIM) found that copyright- intensive industries contributed 3.2% of total employment. And copyright has become more pervasive in the daily life of the ordinary person, not only as a user of content in the online environment, but also as a creator of new material and as a transformer and effectively a publisher of material created by others. As a result, almost every copyright issue these days sparks press coverage as well as public attention and debate.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 38 No. 1 (2014)
Completeness of a fermionic basis in the homogeneous XXZ model
Creators: name: Boos, H.
name: Jimbo, M.
name: Miwa, T.
name: Smirnov, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the aid of the creation operators introduced in our previous works, we show how to construct a basis of the space of quasi-local operators for the homogeneous XXZ chain.
On the AC spectrum of one-dimensional random Schroedinger operators with matrix-valued potentials
Creators: name: Froese, Richard
name: Hasler, David
name: Spitzer, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider discrete one-dimensional random Schroedinger operators with decaying matrix-valued, independent potentials. We show that if the l^2-norm of this potential has finite expectation value with respect to the product measure then almost surely the Schroedinger operator has an interval of purely absolutely continuous (ac) spectrum. We apply this result to Schroedinger operators on a strip. This work provides a new proof and generalizes a result obtained by Delyon, Simon, and Souillard.
description: (1 figure)
Additional file 1 of Melatonin or its analogs as premedication to prevent emergence agitation in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Zhang, Dongni
name: Jia, Xiaotong
name: Lin, Duomao
name: Ma, Jun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Developmental Biology
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
Growth Through Agricultural Progress
Creators: name: Rasmussen, Wayne D. [Editor]
name: Graduate School, U. S. Department Of Agriculture
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1961
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Labor and Human Capital
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Contents: Preface (John B. Holden); Introduction (Frank J. Welch); Profile of the USDA—First Fifty Years (Vernon Carstensen); The Department as I Have Known It (Henry A. Wallace); The Land-Grant College: Past and Present (James H. Hilton); Contributions of Agriculture to Our Economy (Jesse W. Tapp); Agriculture, Today and Tomorrow (Orville L. Freeman).
description: Lecture Series in Honor of the United States Department of Agriculture Centennial Year. The lectures were given in the Jefferson auditorium of the U. S. Department of Agriculture in the autumn of 1961. The series looked forward to the Centennial of the U. S. Department of Agriculture and the Land-Grant Colleges, to be celebrated in 1962. The series was arranged by the USDA Graduate School, a self-supporting institution that since 1921 has carried on an educational program for Federal employees.
Dijital Kütüphanelerde MARC Standardı - InfoGrafik
Creators: name: Kurtcu, Nil
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: MARC
MARC Standardı
Machine Readable Cataloging
Makinece Okunabilir Kataloglama
Dijital Kütüphane
Digital Library

description: Teknolojinin gelişmesi ile birlikte pek çok alanda olduğu gibi kütüphanecilik alanında da önemli gelişmeler yaşanmıştır. Bu gelişmelere paralel olarak kütüphaneler için standart çözüm arayışları da gelişmiştir. Kütüphanelerde elektronik ortamın kullanılmaya başlanması ile oluşturulmuş MARC (Machine Readable Cataloging / Makinece Okunabilir Kataloglama) Standardı'nın dijital kütüphanelerde kullanımı hakkında bilgilerin bulunduğu InfoGrafik'tir.
Modelling framework for the design of hydrogen-CCS networks to decarbonise heating and industrial clusters
Creators: name: Sunny, Nixon
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: This dissertation elucidates the value of H₂ and CO₂ infrastructure in decarbonising “difficult-to-abate” sectors of the economy. We analyse infrastructure for low-carbon fuels and energy vectors at different scales, and present a flexible formulation to integrate relevant technologies for their interconversion. We use a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) approach to formulate spatial systems optimisation problems, and identify solutions that can accelerate the transition to low-carbon systems. The modelling framework can incorporate spatial and temporal granularity, whilst also capturing the nuances of a site, country, or an industrial cluster. Through its application, we outline a transition pathway for the natural-gas based heating sector to H₂ in Great Britain, noting the key barriers to cost-effective deployment. The cost-optimal supply mix contains natural gas reforming with CCS, flexible electrolytic H₂ production, large volumes of salt cavern storage, and biomass gasification with CCS to offset any remaining methane and CO₂ emissions from the natural gas supply chain, and the production plants. Given the uncertainties involved, we note that a complete conversion of the gas grid in the UK to H₂ for heating buildings is unlikely to be viable. We find that a portfolio-based approach containing post-combustion CO₂ capture, fuel switching with H₂, and negative emissions is a cost-effective strategy to decarbonise industrial clusters in the UK. This achieves greater decarbonisation and avoids an overreliance on CO₂ emission offsets. The total costs of CO₂ avoidance can be reduced by using existing fuels such as refinery fuel gases for H₂ production. Natural gas plays an important role as fuel and feedstock for post-combustion and methane reforming, and is the primary determinant of the total costs of the system. This has implications for the security of supply, given that countries such as the UK import as much natural gas as they produce domestically. A cradle-to-gate lifecycle assessment of reforming, and electrolytic H₂ production using grid power and offshore wind power, shows that the lowest global warming potential is generated using a dedicated renewable-led supply. However, none of the production pathways are dominant across all key environmental performance indicators. This indicates the potential for “problem shifting” to occur by solely focussing on a given pathway for long-term supply development. We note that the environmental performance of H₂ improves with reductions in upstream methane emissions, and an increase in the capacity factor of renewable power generation assets.
Typhlops braminus Cuv.
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Squamata
Ophidia
Typhlopidae
Typhlops
Typhlops braminus

description: Typhlops braminus Cuv.
Peradenia. v. d. Hh. Dr. Sarasin. [3]
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 674, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
Nodeless superconducting gap in electron-doped BaFe$_{1.9}$Ni$_{0.1}$As$_2$ probed by quasiparticle heat transport
Creators: name: Ding, L.
name: Dong, J. K.
name: Zhou, S. Y.
name: Guan, T. Y.
name: Qiu, X.
name: Zhang, C.
name: Li, L. J.
name: Lin, X.
name: Cao, G. H.
name: Xu, Z. A.
name: Li, S. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The in-plane thermal conductivity $κ$ of electron-doped iron-arsenide superconductor BaFe$_{1.9}$Ni$_{0.1}$As$_2$ ($T_c$ = 20.3 K) single crystal was measured down to 70 mK. In zero field, the absence of a residual linear term $κ_0/T$ at $ T \to 0$ is strong evidence for nodeless superconducting gap. In magnetic field, $κ_0/T$ shows a slow field dependence up to $H$ = 14.5 T ($\approx$ 30% $H_{c_2}$). This is consistent with the superconducting gap structure demonstrated by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments in BaFe$_{1.85}$Co$_{0.15}$As$_2$ ($T_c$ = 25.5 K), where isotropic superconducting gaps with similar size on hole and electron pockets were observed.
description: In-field data re-measured with sample cooled in magnetic field from above Tc
Hypersonic flows around complex geometries with adaptive mesh refinement and immersed boundary method
Creators: name: Patel, Monal
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: This thesis develops and validates a computational fluid dynamics numerical method for hypersonic flows; and uses it to conduct two novel investigations. The numerical method involves a novel combination of structured adaptive mesh refinement, ghost-point immersed boundary and artificial dissipation shock-stable Euler flux discretisation. The method is high-order, low dissipation and stable up to Mach numbers $M \lesssim 30$ with stationary or moving complex geometries; it is shown to be suitable for direct numerical simulations of laminar and turbulent flows. The method's performance is assessed through various test cases. Firstly, heat transfer to proximal cylinders in hypersonic flow is investigated to improve understanding of destructive atmospheric entries of meteors, satellites and spacecraft components. Binary bodies and clusters with five bodies are considered. With binary proximal bodies, the heat load and peak heat transfer are augmented for either or both proximal bodies by $+20\%$ to $-90\%$ of an isolated body. Whereas with five bodies, the cluster-averaged heat load varied between $+20\%$ to $-60\%$ of an isolated body. Generally, clusters which are thin in the direction perpendicular to free-stream velocity and long in the direction parallel to the free-stream velocity have their heat load reduced. In contrast, clusters which are thick and thin in directions perpendicular and parallel to the free-stream velocity feel an increased heat load. Secondly, hypersonic ablation patterns are investigated. Ablation patterns form on spacecraft thermal protection systems and meteor surfaces, where their development and interactions with the boundary layer are poorly understood. Initially, a simple subliming sphere case without solid conduction in hypersonic laminar flow is used to validate the numerical method. Where the surface recession is artificially sped-up via the wall Damk\"{o}hler number without introducing significant errors in the shape change. Then, a case with transitional inflow over a backward facing step with a subliming boundary is devised. Differential ablation is observed to generate surface roughness and add vorticity to the boundary layer. A maximum surface recession of $\sim 0.8\times$ and a maximum surface fluctuation of $\sim 0.2\times$ the inflow boundary layer thickness were generated over two flow times.
Measurement of Charms and Bottoms with Semi-leptonic Decay Modes in p+p Collisions at √s = 200 GeV
Creators: name: Akimoto, Ryohji
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: rhic
phenix
bottom
cross section
electron
charm
transverse momentum
p+p
dca

description: The fraction of electrons from bottom decay in the electrons from charm or bottom decays in p+p collisions with √s= 200 GeV is measured from the DCA approach in this thesis. The bottom fraction at pT< 2.5 GeV/c we successfully measured for the first time. The total cross section of the bottom production is also determined by extrapolating with FONLL calculations.
AGATA: Gamma-ray tracking in segmented HPGe detectors
Creators: name: Söderström, P. -A.
name: Al-Adili, A.
name: Nyberg, J.
name: Recchia, F.
name: Farnea, E.
name: Gadea, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The next generation of radioactive ion beam facilities, which will give experimental access to many exotic nuclei, are presently being developed. At the same time the next generation of high resolution gamma-ray spectrometers, based on gamma-ray tracking, for studying the structure of these exotic nuclei are being developed. One of the main differences in tracking of $γ$ rays versus charged particles is that the gamma rays do not deposit their energy "continuously" in the detector, but in a few discrete steps. Also, in the field of nuclear spectroscopy, the location of the source is mostly well known while the exact interaction position in the detector is the unknown quantity. This makes the challenges of gamma-ray tracking in germanium somewhat different compared to vertexing in silicon detectors. In these proceedings we present the methods for determining the 3D interaction positions in the detector and how these are used to reconstruct the gamma-ray tracks in the AGATA detector array. We also present preliminary simulation results of a proposed in-beam method to measure the interaction position resolution in the germanium detectors.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures. To appear in the proceedings of 17th International Workshop on Vertex detectors July 28 - 1 August 2008 Uto Island, Sweden
The role of atmospheric stability in the forcing-feedbacks-adjustments framework
Creators: name: Salvi, Pietro
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: One of the most recognised measures of climate change, global warming, is still subject to significant uncertainty. Even with the best tools available in the form of climate models, wide-ranging estimates are given of the increase in surface temperature for a given emissions scenario. This thesis investigates various mechanisms by which temperature change occurs as driven by energy imbalances introduced into the Earth system. The focus of this work lies on atmospheric stability, a measure of vertical temperature gradients that is well related to convection and thus in turn clouds. Greater stability suppresses convection and encourages low cloud formation which provides a cooling effect on the planet as these low clouds reflect incoming solar radiation. The structure of energy imbalances induced by forcing agents is found to be significant for stability in many ways, from the vertical structure of atmospheric heating, to the horizontal distribution of radiative flux that affects the pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) change, to the time-evolution of the forcing agents themselves. The result of analysing the impact of these structures through stability is that stability is found to explain much in terms of differences between forcing agents, as well as how temperatures evolve in the historical period. This thesis incorporates analysis of publicly available data from Climate Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) historical experiments in order to compare and contrast feedbacks from time-evolving aerosol, greenhouse gas (GHG), and natural forcings. Work here shows that historical aerosols cause more amplifying feedbacks (higher effective climate sensitivity) than GHGs. Data from idealised computational experiments run for this project demonstrate that this is due to the extra-tropical skew of aerosol forcing. Furthermore, the time-evolving feedbacks of the historical period are found to be explained by the time-evolving feedbacks for the components of historical forcing.
title: 2012 Proxy Advisory Survey
Creators: name: Larcker, David F.
name: McCall, Allan
name: Tayan, Brian
Publisher: name: Corporate Governance Research Initiative
Year: 2012

description: Study conducted by The Conference Board, NASDAQ, and the Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford University shows that proxy advisory firms have a substantial impact on the design of executive compensation programs. More than two-thirds of U.S. companies say that their executive compensation program is influenced by the policies and voting recommendations of proxy voting advisors like Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS) and Glass Lewis, according to new research from The Conference Board, The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc., and Stanford University’s Rock Center for Corporate Governance. In particular, a majority of corporate boards are likely to change CEO compensation to gain a favorable “say-on-pay” recommendation from these firms. The research — published in the latest issue of The Conference Board’s Director Notesopen in new window — is based on a survey of 110 large and mid-cap public companies conducted this winter.
Additional file 1 of The impact of COVID-19 first wave national lockdowns on perinatal outcomes: a rapid review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Vaccaro, Christine
name: Mahmoud, Farida
name: Aboulatta, Laila
name: Aloud, Basma
name: Eltonsy, Sherif
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Screening tool for located studies.
Developing tools to optically map the functional connectivity of neuronal microcircuits in the prefrontal cortex
Creators: name: Soor, Navjeevan Singh
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: This overarching goal of my PhD was to develop optical microscopy tools to study the functional connectivity of neuronal microcircuits. I first conduct dynamic clamp recordings of putative pyramidal neurons in the Prefrontal Cortex to study the effects of intrinsic conductance and synaptic drive of Action Potential (AP) waveform properties. In the set of measured neurons, I find that an increasing, non-linear Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz Cl- leak conductance or an increasing input AMPA conductance have no effect on AP Full Width, Half Maximum (FWHM). However, I observe that increasing AMPA conductance decreases AP latency and peak voltage. Crucially, the latter has implications on optical functional connectivity assays. I then develop, characterise, and validate a light patterning microscope for optical functional connectivity assays with single neuron precision. I show reliable generation of photostimulation spots with biologically relevant diameters of 5 ± 0.2 µm and 10 ± 0.2 µm, pulse durations of 2 – 10 ms, errors of 20 ± 10 µs, and latencies of 180 ± 10 µs. I demonstrate lateral spatial confinement of photostimulation spots by photostimulating laterally displaced locations relative to a ChR2 expressing neuron and observing an elimination of photocurrents as the spots move away from the cell soma. I attempt single neuron precision functional mapping between Inter-Telencephalic (IT) and non-IT neurons, finding no evidence of single neuron precision functional connections in the samples tested- but do verify that functional connectivity amongst these populations exists. Finally, I demonstrate the first reported all-optical, crosstalk-free neurophysiology strategy using Chronos, a blue-light sensitive opsin, and CaSiR-1, a red-light emitting calcium dye. I show red light suitable for CaSiR-1 imaging evokes no photocurrents in CHO cells transfected with Chronos, before demonstrating high signal-to-noise, crosstalk-free imaging of CaSiR-1 red fluorescence whilst photostimulating Chronos in acute brain slices at stimulation frequencies up to 20 Hz.
The Future of Copyright in Europe
Creators: name: Martin-Prat, Maria
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2015

description: Some would say that for there to be a future of copyright in Europe, there needs to be reform. Others would say that the best way to ensure any future for copyright is to refrain from intervention. My own view, as I will explain, is that a rational review of copyright rules is required to maintain the legitimacy and robustness of the system in Europe. I am also of the view—as you might expect from the head of the copyright department in the European Commission—that such review needs to be done not at the national but at the European level. Ultimately, this Article will address the drivers and key issues in the ongoing discussions, as well as the possible steps going forward. Before doing that, however, it is important to place the conversation in context.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 38 No. 1 (2014)
Interaction-induced dynamical phase locking of Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Boukobza, Erez
name: Cohen, Doron
name: Vardi, Amichay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that interactions result in the emergence of a {\it definite} relative-phase between two initially incoherent Bose-Einstein condensates. The many-realization interference fringe visibility is universal at $g_{12}^{(1)}\sim1/3$ throughout the Josephson interaction regime, as evident from a semiclassical picture. Other types of incoherent preparation yield qualitatively different coherence dynamics.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Surface-wave solitons on the interface between a linear medium and a nonlocal nonlinear medium
Creators: name: Shi, Zhiwei
name: Li, Huagang
name: Guo, Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the properties of surface-wave solitons on the interface between a semi-infinite homogeneous linear medium and a semi-infinite homogeneous nonlinear nonlocal medium. The stability, energy flow and FWHM of the surface wave solitons can be affected by the degree of nonlocality of the nonlinear medium. We find that the refractive index difference affects the power distribution of the surface solitons in two media. We show that the different boundary values at the interface can lead to the different peak position of the surface solitons, but it can not influence the solitons stability with a certain degree of nonlocality.
description: 8 pages, 14 figures, 15 references, and so on
Rap Music and the True Threats Quagmire
Creators: name: Calvert, Clay
name: Morehart, Emma
name: Papadelias, Sarah
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2015

description: This Article examines the complex and unsettled state of the true threats doctrine through the lens of the equally complicated, controversial and multi- faceted musical genre of rap. Rap, although generally protected by the First Amendment, is frequently caught in the crosshairs of criminal prosecutions focusing on whether or not it constitutes a true threat of violence. Ultimately, this Article offers suggestions for how to clarify the doctrinal issues, with rap illustrating and supporting those ideas.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 38 No. 1 (2014)
Additional file 1 of Associations between upper extremity functioning and kinematics in people with spinal cord injury
Creators: name: Lili, Lamprini
name: Sunnerhagen, Katharina S
name: Rekand, Tiina
name: Alt Murphy, Margit
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Mean and standard deviation of the kinematic variables in all participants with SCI. Table S2. Spearman correlation coefficients calculated between kinematic variables and clinical assessments for the subgroup of cervical SCI. Table S3. The final models of multiple regression analysis for the subgroup of cervical SCI (n = 17). Table S4. Spearman correlation coefficients calculated between kinematic variables and clinical assessments for the subgroup of thoracic SCI (n = 8).
Secondary Liability for Online Trademark Infringement: The International Landscape
Creators: name: Dinwoodie, Graeme B.
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2014

description: In U.S. law, the expression “secondary liability” is an umbrella term encompassing a number of different types of trademark infringement claims, 1 but its essential meaning is that liability does not turn on the defendant itself using the plaintiff’s mark. Rather, in such cases, the defendant is held responsible for the infringements occasioned by a third party’s use of the plaintiff’s mark. Trademark owners might strategically prefer to bring a secondary liability claim instead of suing the third party infringer. A secondary infringement action may increase efficiency by allowing the mark owner to secure, in a single proceeding, relief against a party whose conduct is simultaneously enabling multiple acts of infringement by a number of primary infringers. The advent of the Internet has only enhanced some of these strategic benefits. The efficiency gains are magnified substantially when the number of infringements to which the secondary liability defendant contributes are multiplied many times over. And looking forward, the secondary liability action might shift some of the costs of trademark enforcement to intermediaries. This occurs whether the mark owner directly secures relief from a court that requires an intermediary to undertake certain detection and prevention measures, or because the intermediary adjusts its practices to be more conservative in light of an award made against it under principles of secondary liability. This means that a finding of secondary liability may enable mark owners to affect the future structure of business models employed by intermediaries and the direction of technological development considered by intermediaries.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 37 No. 4 (2014)
SHAPES : Easy and high-level memory layouts
Creators: name: Tasos, Alexandros
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: CPU speeds have vastly exceeded those of RAM. As such, developers who aim to achieve high performance on modern architectures will most likely need to consider how to use CPU caches effectively, hence they will need to consider how to place data in memory so as to exploit spatial locality and achieve high memory bandwidth. Performing such manual memory optimisations usually sacrifices readability, maintainability, memory safety, and object abstraction. This is further exacerbated in managed languages, such as Java and C#, where the runtime abstracts away the memory from the developer and such optimisations are, therefore, almost impossible. To that extent, we present in this thesis a language extension called SHAPES . SHAPES aims to offer developers more fine-grained control over the placement of data, without sacrificing memory safety or object abstraction, hence retaining the expressiveness and familiarity of OOP. SHAPES introduces the concepts of pools and layouts; programmers group related objects into pools, and specify how objects are laid out in these pools. Classes and types are annotated by pool parameters, which allow placement aspects to be changed orthogonally to how the business logic operates on the objects in the pool. These design decisions disentangle business logic and memory concerns. We provide a formal model of SHAPES , present its type and memory safety model, and its translation into a low-level language. We present our reasoning as to why we can expect SHAPES to be compiled in an efficient manner in terms of the runtime representation of objects and the access to their fields. Moreover, we present SHAPES -z, an implementation of SHAPES as an embeddable language, and shapeszc , the compiler for SHAPES -z. We provide our our design and implementation considerations for SHAPES -z and shapeszc . Finally, we evaluate the performance of SHAPES and SHAPES -z through case studies.
Canzonetta "Se meritar potessi" per il Cembalo
Creators: name: Bruni, Domenico Luigi
Publisher: name: Hilscher
Year: 1804

description: Questo cor non è più mio [weitere Arie vom Komponisten]
description: Eine Abschrift der Arie ist in der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek Dresden unter Signatur Mus.c.B 1150 (Provenienz Königliche Privat-Musikaliensammlung) vorhanden (RISM ID no. 212008615); dort endet die Arie (ebenfalls in Es-Dur) korrekt wie hier am Ende von S. 3. Im vorliegenden Druck folgt dann auf S. 4-7 die Arie "Questo cor non è più mio" (in G-Dur), welche vom Hrsg. offenbar irrtümlicherweise als Teil von "Se meritar potessi" interpretiert wurde. Beide Werke sind (als separate Arien) in einer handschriftl. Sammlung (mutmasslich autogr.) im Mailänder Konservatorium vorhanden (Signatur Noseda Z.16.15). Gelegentlich wird vorliegendes Werk irrigerweise Antonio Bartolomeo Bruni zugeschrieben.
Method for reliable realization of a varphi Josephson junction
Creators: name: Pugach, N. G.
name: Goldobin, E.
name: Kleiner, R.
name: Koelle, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method to realize a $ϕ$ Josephson junction by combining alternating 0 and $π$ parts (sub junctions) with an intrinsically non-sinusoidal current-phase relation (CPR). Conditions for the realization of the $ϕ$ ground state are analyzed. It is shown that taking into account the non-sinusoidal CPR for a "clean junction with a ferromagnetic (F) barrier, one can significantly enlarge the domain (regime of suitable F-layer thicknesses) of the $ϕ$ ground state and make the practical realization of $ϕ$ Josephson junctions feasible. Such junctions may also have two different stable solutions, such as 0 and $π$, 0 and $ϕ$, or $ϕ$ and $π$.
Improvement of the quality management methods of cargo transportation by road transport
Creators: name: Britchenko, Igor
name: Beketov, Yuriy
name: Levchenko, Yaroslava
name: Bekmukhanbetova, Sholpan
name: Sadenova, Marzhan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Transportation, logistics and supply chains not elsewhere classified
Other commerce, management, tourism and services not elsewhere classified
Transport planning

description: Quality occupies a key position in the economic and social strategy of developed countries, and its level is a reliable indicator of the general state of the economy. Quality provides an innovative vector of development and is an integral component of the development of all industries. The level of development of the transport sector, as a component of the road and transport complex, is one of the most important characteristics of the development of modern society – its social orientation. In the transport enterprises of Ukraine, the underestimation of the importance of the comprehensive development of the quality management system has led to an increase in defects in the infrastructure of railways, road, water and air transport, which significantly increases the risk of traffic safety violations. Improvement of quality management systems is one of the most important areas of transport development. The main task of transport is timely, high-quality and complete satisfaction of the needs of the economy and the population in transportation, increasing the economic efficiency of its work. The solution to the problem of effective distribution of goods and improvement of the quality of service to consumers of transport services in market conditions is closely related to the problem of service quality. Only a high level of service quality can ensure a reliable sales market for the services of transport enterprises. A high level of service quality and efficiency should be supported by an appropriate level of material and technical support, including the development of a system of warehouse and container terminals, modern loading and unloading equipment, computerized IT and management tools. Therefore, in the modern conditions of the transformation of Ukrainian society and changes in economic interaction, quality problems caused by the presence of a competitive environment require careful research. Special attention is paid to processing and data processing, the order, cycle and context of each stage of practical application of functional analysis and cost analysis for quality management in the transport industry.
The nature of singularity in multidimensional anisotropic Gauss-Bonnet cosmology with a perfect fluid
Creators: name: Kirnos, I. V.
name: Makarenko, A. N.
name: Pavluchenko, S. A.
name: Toporensky, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate dynamics of (4+1) and (5+1) dimensional flat anisotropic Universe filled by a perfect fluid in the Gauss-Bonnet gravity. An analytical solutions valid for particular values of the equation of state parameter $w=1/3$ have been found. For other values of $w$ structure of cosmological singularity have been studied numerically. We found that for $w > 1/3$ the singularity is isotropic. Several important differences between (4+1) and (5+1) dimensional cases are discussed.
description: 8 pages, 2 figs
Principled Standards vs. Boundless Discretion: A Tale of Two Approaches to Intermediary Trademark Liability Online
Creators: name: Dogan, Stacy
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2014

description: Over the past decade, courts have developed two distinct approaches in evaluating trademark claims against online intermediaries. The first and most common method frames the issue as one of secondary liability: should the intermediary face liability for wrongdoing committed by its advertisers, subscribers, or other users of its services? In this approach, courts struggle with the tension between preserving legitimate, non-infringing uses of technologies on the one hand, and minimizing infringement on the other. While no clear doctrinal consensus has formed, courts are converging on a framework centered on specific knowledge, reasonable response and inducement—principles derived from trademark law but mirroring their counterparts in copyright. At the same time, some opinions have suggested a different form of trademark liability focused on the intermediary’s choices in designing services that use—or allow others to use—trademarks in various ways. Though branded as direct trademark infringement, the doctrine bears little resemblance to historical direct infringement law. Instead, it resembles a roving unfair competition law, leaving discretion with the fact finder to assess the intermediary’s culpability in enabling confusion. Because the likelihood-of-confusion factors map poorly onto such an inquiry,4 this form of direct infringement has no clear doctrinal framework. Nor have courts articulated a coherent normative vision to guide lower courts in shaping and applying the law. Most troubling, the scant case law has paid little attention to issues at the core of secondary liability analysis—namely, the need to strike a balance between infringing and non-infringing uses, and the worry that liability might threaten legitimate uses of trademarks that enhance competition and increase consumer choice.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 37 No. 4 (2014)
Minimally Doubled Fermion Revival
Creators: name: Borici, Artan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present the recent progress on minimally doubled lattice actions. In particular, we discuss the proposal of Creutz and its variations on an orthogonal lattice. A preliminary computation of the pion mass on an SU(3) background field shows the expected behaviour as predicted form the chiral perturbation theory.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures; proceedings of The XXVI International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 14 - 19, 2008, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
Strichartz estimates for the Schrödinger equation on polygonal domains
Creators: name: Blair, Matthew D.
name: Ford, G. Austin
name: Herr, Sebastian
name: Marzuola, Jeremy L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q41, 35B30

description: We prove Strichartz estimates with a loss of derivatives for the Schrödinger equation on polygonal domains with either Dirichlet or Neumann homogeneous boundary conditions. Using a standard doubling procedure, estimates the on polygon follow from those on Euclidean surfaces with conical singularities. We develop a Littlewood-Paley squarefunction estimate with respect to the spectrum of the Laplacian on these spaces. This allows us to reduce matters to proving estimates at each frequency scale. The problem can be localized in space provided the time intervals are sufficiently small. Strichartz estimates then follow from a result of the second author regarding the Schrödinger equation on the Euclidean cone.
description: 12 pages
Discovery of the Iron Isotopes
Creators: name: Schuh, A.
name: Fritsch, A.
name: Heim, M.
name: Shore, A.
name: Thoennessen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Twenty-eight iron isotopes have so far been observed; the discovery of these isotopes is discussed. For each isotope a brief summary of the first refereed publication, including the production and identification method, is presented.
description: to be published in Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables
Overview of the African continental free trade area (AfCFTA) and challenges of implementation : Nigeria and South Africa's implementation as case studies
Creators: name: Muftau, Ismail
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: The African Continental Free Trade Area (“AfCFTA”) Agreement was launched on March 21, 2018, after 44 African countries signed the AfCFTA agreement, and it subsequently came into force on May 20, 2019 after the first initial 22 countries assented to the same. The AfCFTA aims to create a continental-wide Free Trade Area, with the potential of boosting intra-African trade and galvanize structural transformation of African economies, with a view to promoting socio-economic development of Africa as a whole. The World Bank has proclaimed that the AfCFTA would create the biggest Free Trade Area in the world, in terms of the number of participating countries, connecting 1.3 billion people in Africa, with a combined GDP of USD3.4 trillion; and that if the agreement is fully implemented, it has the potential of lifting 30 million people out of extreme poverty by 2035. The thesis provides a chronological accounts of regional/ continental economic integrations treaties that have been previously adopted by African countries to promote economic development in Africa. However, those previous integration efforts did not achieve their intended objectives, hence the birth of the AfCFTA. The thesis adopts the doctrinal methodology in analyzing the texts of the AfCFTA framework agreement and the Phase I Protocols which have been adopted and have come into effect, namely: the Protocols on Trade in Good, Trade in Service, and Dispute Settlement. The thesis proposes amendment, where necessary, to some of the provisions of the treaties, for effective implementation, and so that the AfCFTA can produce more benefits to the peoples of Africa. The thesis also adopts a comparative methodology to analyze the implementation strategies adopted by Nigeria and South Africa, two of the biggest economies in Africa, drawing lessons from their experimentations for other African countries. Owing to the importance of implementation to the realization of the objectives of AfCFTA, this thesis proffers recommendations on how and what the state parties can do to ensure successful implementation of AfCFTA. The thesis concludes that the AfCFTA’s objectives are achievable, if the state parties show exemplary political will to implement and carry out their obligations under the AfCFTA.
Secondary Liability for Trademark Infringement on the Internet: The Situation in Germany and Throughout the EU
Creators: name: Kur, Annette
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2014

description: The general principles of tort law are not harmonized within Europe. However, regarding Internet services that may be misused for unlawful acts (including, but not limited to, intellectual property infringement), the E-Commerce Directive has created a legal framework for exemptions from liability (the safe harbor). In that regard, the E-Commerce Directive is the European equivalent of the U.S. Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), with the notable distinction that the ECommerce Directive applies horizontally, thus encompassing trademark infringement. Articles 12 through 14 of the E-Commerce Directive stipulate that, regarding transmission, caching and hosting, no liability will ensue if the person rendering such services: (1) confines his or her role to enabling use by others; and (2) reacts expeditiously upon receiving information about illegitimate content. Article 15 sets forth explicitly that Internet service providers (ISPs) acting within the limits prescribed in Articles 12 through 14 have no obligation to monitor content proactively. The directive does not spell out the consequences for ISPs that do not comply with those rules. The legal grounds on which they are eventually held liable, and whether liability is for secondary or primary infringement, are to be determined by national law.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 37 No. 4 (2014)