cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bubble wall velocities in local equilibrium
Creators: name: Ai, Wen-Yuan
name: Garbrecht, Bjorn
name: Tamarit, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is commonly expected that a friction force on the bubble wall in a first-order phase transition can only arise from a departure from thermal equilibrium in the plasma. Recently however, it was argued that an effective friction, scaling as $γ_w^2$ (with $γ_w$ being the Lorentz factor for the bubble wall velocity), persists in local equilibrium. This was derived assuming constant plasma temperature and velocity throughout the wall. On the other hand, it is known that, at the leading order in derivatives, the plasma in local equilibrium only contributes a correction to the zero-temperature potential in the equation of motion of the background scalar field. For a constant plasma temperature, the equation of motion is then completely analogous to the vacuum case, the only change being a modified potential, and thus no friction should appear. We resolve these apparent contradictions in the calculations and their interpretation and show that the recently proposed effective friction in local equilibrium originates from inhomogeneous temperature distributions, such that the $γ_w^2$-scaling of the effective force is violated. Further, we propose a new matching condition for the hydrodynamic quantities in the plasma valid in local equilibrium and tied to local entropy conservation. With this added constraint, bubble velocities in local equilibrium can be determined once the parameters in the equation of state are fixed, where we use the bag equation in order to illustrate this point. We find that there is a critical value of the transition strength $α_{\rm crit}$ such that bubble walls run away for $α>α_{\rm crit}$.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures, 1 table; v2: discussion on the shock front changed, refs updated, accepted by JCAP; v3: published version
Additional file 1 of Predictors of effective clinical teaching – nursing educators’ perspective
Creators: name: Al-Rawajfah, O. M.
name: Al Hadid, L.
name: Madhavanprabhakaran, G. K.
name: Francis, F.
name: Khalaf, A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Supplementary Figure S3 from The effect of alkali-soluble lignin on purified core cellulases and hemicellulases activities during hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass
Creators: name: Linchao Zhou
name: Sousa, Leonardo Da Costa
name: Dale, Bruce E.
name: Jia-Xun Feng
name: Balan, Venkatesh
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Engineering
subject: 30203 Inorganic Green Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30504 Organic Green Chemistry

description: Xylan conversion optimization using five core enzymes at different enzyme mass loadings (7.5 mg/g; 15 mg/g and 30 mg/g of glucan), with βG loading at 10% supplementation.
Integration of Local and Regional Species‐Area Relationships from Space‐Time Species Accumulation
Creators: name: Willems, Jo H.
name: Fridley, Jason D.
name: Van Der Maarel, Eddy
name: Peet, Robert K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: A long-standing observation in community ecology is that the scaling of species richness, as exemplified by species-area curves, differs on local and regional scales. This decoupling of scales may be largely due to sampling processes (the increasing constraint imposed by sampling fewer individuals at fine scales), as distinct from ecological processes, such as environmental heterogeneity, that operate across scales. Removal of the sampling constraint from fine-scale richness estimates should yield species-area curves that behave like those of the regions in which they are embedded, but an effective method for this removal has not been available. We suggest an approach that incorporates the manner in which small areas accumulate species over time as a way to remove the signature of sampling processes from fine-scale species-area curves. We report for three species-rich grasslands from two continents how local plant species richness is distributed through time at multiple, nested spatial scales, and we ask whether sampling-corrected curves reflect the spatial scaling of richness of each larger floristic province. Our analysis suggests that fine-scale values of richness are highly constrained by sampling processes, but once these constraints are removed, the spatial scaling of species richness is consistent from the scale of individuals to that of an entire province.
Barjols, hôtel du Pont d'or, le félibre Gabriel Larose, fondateur de l'Escolo Caramy de Brignoles, prend la pose, Claudie Marcel-Dubois prend des notes
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
The Well‐Temperatured Biologist: (American Society of Naturalists Presidential Address)
Creators: name: Kingsolver, Joel G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Abstract: Temperature provides a powerful theme for exploring environmental adaptation at all levels of biological organization, from molecular kinetics to organismal fitness to global biogeography. First, the thermodynamic properties that underlie biochemical kinetics and protein stability determine the overall thermal sensitivity of rate processes. Consequently, a single quantitative framework can assess variation in thermal sensitivity of ectotherms in terms of single amino acid substitutions, quantitative genetics, and interspecific differences. Thermodynamic considerations predict that higher optimal temperatures will result in greater maximal fitness at the optimum, a pattern seen both in interspecific comparisons and in withinpopulation genotypic variation. Second, the temperaturesize rule (increased developmental temperature causes decreased adult body size) is a common pattern of phenotypic plasticity in ectotherms. Mechanistic models can correctly predict the rule in some taxa, but lab and field studies show that rapid evolution can weaken or even break the rule. Third, phenotypic and evolutionary models for thermal sensitivity can be combined to explore potential fitness consequences of climate warming for terrestrial ectotherms. Recent analyses suggest that climate change will have greater negative fitness consequences for tropical than for temperate ectotherms, because many tropical species have relatively narrow thermal breadths and smaller thermal safety margins.
(2183) Mary Elizabeth Swatton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Efficient Enrichment of Global Phosphopeptides Using Magnetic Tannic Acid – Titanium(IV)/Zirconium(IV) Functionalized Spheres as a Novel Sorbent for Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography (IMAC)
Creators: name: Ouyang, Menglin
name: Wu, Jiani
name: Yan, Yinghua
name: Ding, Chuan-Fan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Inspired by the enrichment preferences of metal ions for phosphopeptides, a layered assembly method was adopted to introduce hydrophilic polyhydroxy ligands tannic acid (TA) to prepare magnetic bimetal ion-functionalized nanomaterials denoted by Fe3O4@TA@Ti4+/Zr4+ to provide the comprehensive enrichment of phosphopeptides. Benefiting from the excellent ion immobilization ability and unbiasedness for phosphopeptide enrichment, Fe3O4@TA@Ti4+/Zr4+ shows excellent properties for the enrichment and identification of global phosphopeptides. The results show that the material possesses high efficiency, outstanding selectivity (the maximum molar ratio β-casein to bovine serum albumin is 1:1000), a low detection limit of 0.4 fmol/μL, and the ability to be recycled at least 10 times. In addition, excellent performance was also demonstrated in the analysis of skimmed milk and human saliva: 13 and 31 phosphopeptides were successfully captured. The results demonstrate that the material has high potential for practical application in phosphoproteomics.
title: Feed digestibility, digesta passage and faecal microbial biomass in desert-adapted goats exposed to mild water restriction
Creators: name: Ramadhan, Mwanaima Rajab
name: Schlecht, Eva
name: Dickhöfer, Uta
name: Mahgoub, Osman
name: Jörgensen, Rainer Georg
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: amino sugars
subject: Batinah goats
subject: ergosterol
subject: faecal microbial composition
subject: rumen retention
subject: water consumption
subject: 590
subject: Oman
subject: Aminozucker
subject: Ziege
subject: Ergosterin
subject: Pansen
subject: Exkretion
subject: Zusammensetzung
subject: Wasserverbrauch

description: Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEAL
Environmental Dependence of Thermal Reaction Norms: Host Plant Quality Can Reverse the Temperature‐Size Rule
Creators: name: Diamond, Sarah E.
name: Kingsolver, Joel G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Abstract: The temperaturesize rule, a form of phenotypic plasticity in which decreased temperature increases final size, is one of the most widespread patterns in biology, particularly for ectotherms. Identifying the environmental conditions in which this pattern is reversed is key to understanding the generality of the rule. We use wild and domesticated populations of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta and the natural host plants of this species to explore the consequences of resource quality for the temperaturesize rule. Manduca sexta reared on a highquality host, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), followed the temperaturesize rule, with larger final sizes at lower temperatures. In contrast, M. sexta reared on a lowquality host, devils claw (Proboscidea louisianica), showed the reverse response. Wild and domesticated M. sexta exhibited qualitatively similar responses. Survival, growth and development rates, fecundity, and final size decreased with decreasing temperature in M. sexta reared on devils claw. We propose that the reversal of the temperaturesize rule results from the stressful combination of low temperatures and low dietary quality. Such reversals may impact seasonal and geographic patterns of host use in Manduca and other systems. Our results suggest that the temperaturesize rule occurs for a restricted range of nonstressful environmental conditions, limiting the robustness of this widespread pattern of phenotypic plasticity.
Supplementary Information from The evolution of antibiotic resistance in a structured host population.
Creators: name: Blanquart, François
name: Lehtinen, Sonja
name: Lipsitch, Marc
name: Fraser, Christophe
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The evolution of antibiotic resistance in opportunistic pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus is a major public health problem, as infection with resistant strains leads to prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of death. Here, we develop a new model of the evolution of antibiotic resistance in a commensal bacterial population adapting to a heterogeneous host population composed of untreated and treated hosts, and structured in different host classes with different antibiotic use. Examples of host classes include age groups and geographic locations. Explicitly modelling the antibiotic treatment reveals that the emergence of a resistant strain is favoured by more frequent but shorter antibiotic courses, and by higher transmission rates. In addition, in a structured host population, localized transmission in host classes promotes both local adaptation of the bacterial population and the global maintenance of coexistence between sensitive and resistant strains. When transmission rates are heterogeneous across host classes, resistant strains evolve more readily in core groups of transmission. These findings have implications for the better management of antibiotic resistance: reducing the rate at which individuals receive antibiotics is more effective to reduce resistance than reducing the duration of treatment. Reducing the rate of treatment in a targeted class of the host population allows greater reduction in resistance, but determining which class to target is difficult in practice.
Phenotypic Selection in Natural Populations: What Limits Directional Selection?
Creators: name: Diamond, Sarah E.
name: Kingsolver, Joel G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Abstract Studies of phenotypic selection document directional selection in many natural populations. What factors reduce total directional selection and the cumulative evolutionary responses to selection? We combine two data sets for phenotypic selection, representing more than 4,600 distinct estimates of selection from 143 studies, to evaluate the potential roles of fitness trade-offs, indirect (correlated) selection, temporally varying selection, and stabilizing selection for reducing net directional selection and cumulative responses to selection. We detected little evidence that trade-offs among different fitness components reduced total directional selection in most study systems. Comparisons of selection gradients and selection differentials suggest that correlated selection frequently reduced total selection on size but not on other types of traits. The direction of selection on a trait often changes over time in many temporally replicated studies, but these fluctuations have limited impact in reducing cumulative directional selection in most study systems. Analyses of quadratic selection gradients indicated stabilizing selection on body size in at least some studies but provided little evidence that stabilizing selection is more common than disruptive selection for most traits or study systems. Our analyses provide little evidence that fitness trade-offs, correlated selection, or stabilizing selection strongly constrains the directional selection reported for most quantitative traits.
Electrochemical Determination of the Antioxidant Capacity, Total Phenolics, and Ascorbic Acid in Fruit and Vegetables by Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) with a p-Toluene Sulfonic Acid Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode (TSA/GCE)
Creators: name: Koc, Tugca Bilenler
name: Savan, Ebru Kuyumcu
name: Karabulut, Ihsan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plant Biology

description: The determination of antioxidant capacity, total phenolics, and ascorbic acid using accurate, efficient, low cost, and rapid methods has great analytical importance. The antioxidant capacity, total phenolics, and ascorbic acid content of apricots, arugula, banana, cranberries, spinach, and strawberries were investigated with an electrochemical approach and examined for compatibility with conventional methods. The antioxidant activity was determined by ABTS and DPPH assays. The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin Ciocalteu method and ascorbic acid was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In order to perform sensitive and simultaneous electrochemical measurements, the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified by electropolymerization with p-toluene sulfonic acid (TSA). The TSA/GCE modified sensor was used for the first time for the determination of antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. The surface of the modified sensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy. The TSA/GCE was linearly correlated with the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) for Trolox and gallic acid in 0.1 M NaNO3 and ascorbic acid in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer. Electrochemical methods offer a promising alternative for the determination of antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content due to their simplicity, rapid response, low cost, sensitivity, and reproducibility.
title: Prüfbericht G 2242: Injektor-Flachstrahldüse Agrotop RowFan 40-02E (Kunststoff, gelb) ; Anerkannt für die Streifenspritzung im Ackerbau mit Abständen zwischen Düsen und Zielfläche von 15 cm bis 40 cm
Creators: name: JKI-Institut Für Anwendungstechnik Im Pflanzenschutz
Publisher: name: Bundesbehörden und Einrichtungen im Geschäftsbereich des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL)
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 630

description: Geräteprüfberichte des JKI
Opposing Mechanisms Drive Richness Patterns of Core and Transient Bird Species
Creators: name: Coyle, Jessica R.
name: White, Ethan P.
name: Hurlbert, Allen H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Abstract Studies of biodiversity typically assume that all species are equivalent. However, some species in a community maintain viable populations in the study area, while others occur only occasionally as transient individuals. Here we show that North American bird communities can reliably be divided into core and transient species groups and that the richness of each group is driven by different processes. The richness of core species is influenced primarily by local environmental conditions, while the richness of transient species is influenced primarily by the heterogeneity of the surrounding landscape. This demonstrates that the well-known effects of the local environment and landscape heterogeneity on overall species richness are the result of two sets of processes operating differentially on core and transient species. Models of species richness should focus on explaining two distinct patterns, those of core and transient species, rather than a single pattern for the community as a whole.
Spatial relationship between peach tree productivity and soil properties in a newly reclaimed orchard
Creators: name: Matsuoka, Kaori
name: Moritsuka, Naoki
name: Nakano, Ryohei
name: Nakazaki, Tetsuya
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Plant Biology

description: The construction of banks and surface soil cutting involved in newly reclaiming orchards may cause spatial variability in soil properties, which could cause poor fruit tree productivity. This study examined spatial relationships between variations in peach tree properties and soil properties around each tree and assessed the possibility of site-specific field management for individual trees in a newly reclaimed orchard. Three and four years after reclamation in 2016, the 0.1-ha field located in Kyoto, Japan was divided into 32 grid cells at 5-m intervals for all individual peach trees and 128 grid cells at 2.5-m intervals for measuring soil properties around each tree (field scale). The 128 grid cells were each further divided into five positions at 0.71-m intervals for assessing selected soil properties (grid-cell scale). The soil data were geostatistically analyzed by calculating the nugget/sill ratios and anisotropy ratios (degree of variation in relation to direction) and drawing kriged maps. Coefficients of variation of soil properties at the grid-cell scale were much higher than those at the field scale. Pearson’s correlation analysis at the field scale indicated that the tree productivity was most strongly correlated with relative altitude, followed by the degree of soil reduction, time-domain reflectometry electrical conductivity (TDR-EC), subsoil pH (H2O), and TDR-volumetric water content. Tree productivity tended to be lower at lower elevations, where the degree of soil reduction, TDR-EC, subsoil pH (H2O), and soil water content tended to be high. Poor productivity appeared to be related to wet injury. Semivariograms of the soil properties related to soil water showed strong spatial dependence and had nugget/sill ratios of ≤24.0%. Kriged maps and anisotropy ratios further indicated that most tree property values decreased from southeast to northwest and showed variations similar to those of the soil properties related to soil water. Fine-scale mapping of soil properties in the orchard could reveal spatial soil-property variations around individual peach trees, and the result would imply the importance of soil management practices on a per-tree basis. Our findings could help to improve tree productivity in the northwestern area by increasing soil drainage for individual trees.
Evolutionary Change in Continuous Reaction Norms
Creators: name: Steiner, Ulrich K.
name: Handelsman, Corey A.
name: Schlichting, Carl D.
name: Auld, Josh R.
name: Murren, Courtney J.
name: Relyea, Rick A.
name: Heskel, Mary A.
name: Callahan, Hilary S.
name: Maclean, Heidi J.
name: Pfennig, David W.
name: Diamond, Sarah E.
name: Ghalambor, Cameron K.
name: Kingsolver, Joel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Abstract Understanding the evolution of reaction norms remains a major challenge in ecology and evolution. Investigating evolutionary divergence in reaction norm shapes between populations and closely related species is one approach to providing insights. Here we use a meta-analytic approach to compare divergence in reaction norms of closely related species or populations of animals and plants across types of traits and environments. We quantified mean-standardized differences in overall trait means (Offset) and reaction norm shape (including both Slope and Curvature). These analyses revealed that differences in shape (Slope and Curvature together) were generally greater than differences in Offset. Additionally, differences in Curvature were generally greater than differences in Slope. The type of taxon contrast (species vs. population), trait, organism, and the type and novelty of environments all contributed to the best-fitting models, especially for Offset, Curvature, and the total differences (Total) between reaction norms. Congeneric species had greater differences in reaction norms than populations, and novel environmental conditions increased the differences in reaction norms between populations or species. These results show that evolutionary divergence of curvature is common and should be considered an important aspect of plasticity, together with slope. Biological details about traits and environments, including cryptic variation expressed in novel environmental conditions, may be critical to understanding how reaction norms evolve in novel and rapidly changing environments.
(2178) Martha Ward
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary Table from The evolution of antibiotic resistance in a structured host population.
Creators: name: Blanquart, François
name: Lehtinen, Sonja
name: Lipsitch, Marc
name: Fraser, Christophe
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The evolution of antibiotic resistance in opportunistic pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus is a major public health problem, as infection with resistant strains leads to prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of death. Here, we develop a new model of the evolution of antibiotic resistance in a commensal bacterial population adapting to a heterogeneous host population composed of untreated and treated hosts, and structured in different host classes with different antibiotic use. Examples of host classes include age groups and geographic locations. Explicitly modelling the antibiotic treatment reveals that the emergence of a resistant strain is favoured by more frequent but shorter antibiotic courses, and by higher transmission rates. In addition, in a structured host population, localized transmission in host classes promotes both local adaptation of the bacterial population and the global maintenance of coexistence between sensitive and resistant strains. When transmission rates are heterogeneous across host classes, resistant strains evolve more readily in core groups of transmission. These findings have implications for the better management of antibiotic resistance: reducing the rate at which individuals receive antibiotics is more effective to reduce resistance than reducing the duration of treatment. Reducing the rate of treatment in a targeted class of the host population allows greater reduction in resistance, but determining which class to target is difficult in practice.
Depinning exponents of thin film domain walls depend on disorder strength
Creators: name: Skaugen, Audun
name: Laurson, Lasse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Domain wall dynamics in ferromagnets is complicated by internal degrees of freedom of the domain walls. We develop a model of domain walls in disordered thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy capturing such features, and use it to study the depinning transition. For weak disorder, excitations of the internal magnetization are rare, and the depinning transition takes on exponent values of the quenched Edwards-Wilkinson equation. Stronger disorder results in disorder-dependent exponents concurrently with nucleation of an increasing density of Bloch lines within the domain wall.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Species Richness at Continental Scales Is Dominated by Ecological Limits
Creators: name: Hurlbert, Allen H.
name: Rabosky, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Abstract Explaining variation in species richness among provinces and other large geographic regions remains one of the most challenging problems at the intersection of ecology and evolution. Here we argue that empirical evidence supports a model whereby ecological factors associated with resource availability regulate species richness at continental scales. Any large-scale predictive model for biological diversity must explain three robust patterns in the natural world. First, species richness for evolutionary biotas is highly correlated with resource-associated surrogate variables, including area, temperature, and productivity. Second, species richness across epochal timescales is largely stationary in time. Third, the dynamics of diversity exhibit clear and predictable responses to mass extinctions, key innovations, and other perturbations. Collectively, these patterns are readily explained by a model in which species richness is regulated by diversity-dependent feedback mechanisms. We argue that many purported tests of the ecological limits hypothesis, including branching patterns in molecular phylogenies, are inherently weak and distract from these three core patterns. We have much to learn about the complex hierarchy of processes by which local ecological interactions lead to diversity dependence at the continental scale, but the empirical evidence overwhelmingly suggests that they do.
Voltage-dependent first-principles simulation of insertion of chloride ions into Al/Al$_2$O$_3$ interfaces using the Quantum Continuum Approximation
Creators: name: Campbell, Quinn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments have shown that pitting corrosion can develop in aluminum surfaces at potentials $> -0.5$ V relative to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). Until recently, the onset of pitting corrosion in aluminum has not been rigorously explored at an atomistic scale because of the difficulty of incorporating a voltage into density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We introduce the Quantum Continuum Approximation (QCA) which self-consistently couples explicit DFT calculations of the metal-insulator and insulator-solution interfaces to continuum Poisson-Boltzmann electrostatic distributions describing the bulk of the insulating region. By decreasing the number of atoms necessary to explicitly simulate with DFT by an order of magnitude, QCA makes the first-principles prediction of the voltage of realistic electrochemical interfaces feasible. After developing this technique, we apply QCA to predict the formation energy of chloride atoms inserting into oxygen vacancies in Al(111)/$α$-Al$_2$O$_3$ (0001) interfaces as a function of applied voltage. We predict that chloride insertion is only favorable in systems with a grain boundary in the Al$_2$O$_3$ for voltages $> -0.2$ V (SHE). Our results roughly agree with the experimentally demonstrated onset of corrosion, demonstrating QCA's utility in modeling realistic electrochemical systems at reasonable computational cost.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
Transport of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles coated with polyacrylic acid under unsaturated water flow in soil columns
Creators: name: Zhang, Zengyu
name: Chen, Yona
name: Mandler, Daniel
name: Shenker, Moshe
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Phosphorus (P) nanoparticles were hypothesized to exhibit greater mobility in soils than water-soluble P (WSP) and were therefore proposed to be used as a P fertilizer. Unsaturated transport is the main pathway from the application site to plant roots. Though its importance to fertilizer efficacy, quantitative evaluation of unsaturated transport of P nanoparticles has been overlooked to date. Mobility of spherical nano-hydroxyapatite particles coated with polyacrylic acid (PAA-nHAP) suspension and WSP (a mixture of KH2PO4 and K2HPO4) was evaluated in breakthrough column experiments under unsaturated states using three soils: alkaline sand (sandy-alk), acidic sandy clay loam (sandy-ac) and clayey soils. Next, P retention was determined by total P extraction layer-by-layer from the disassembled soil columns. In all soils, PAA-nHAP exhibited faster transport compared to WSP. In the sandy-alk soil, earlier breakthrough but lower plateau of the final relative P concentration of PAA-nHAP (64.0% vs. 100% of the input P concentration) and consistent low P retention with depth after washing with 10 mM KBr solution for the two sources were observed. In the other two soils, PAA-nHAP displayed greater retention near the inlet and decreased retention with depth. In the sandy-ac soil, no WSP and low final relative concentrations of PAA-nHAP (11.6%) were transported through the soil column. The retention of PAA-nHAP was much lower than that of WSP with depth. In the clayey soil, the breakthrough (relative P concentration >1%) occurred earlier (~35 pore volumes vs. ~45 pore volumes) and the eluted P concentration increased more rapidly (~2.6 times) for PAA-nHAP compared to WSP. The difference between the two sources mainly occurred at the soil surface with higher retention of WSP. Soil properties affected the P retention capacity of the two P sources, but for all soils, P mobility was increased by changing from the common soluble fertilizers to nanoparticles. Adsorption and size exclusion effect are suggested as the major factors affecting nHAP mobility. We suggest that the nHAP transport can be improved by modifying its coating with more negative zeta-potential to decrease coagulation and adopting drip flows with short hydraulic retention time. The design of the nanoparticles needs to take into account soil properties.
Supplementary Information from The evolution of antibiotic resistance in a structured host population
Creators: name: Blanquart, François
name: Lehtinen, Sonja
name: Lipsitch, Marc
name: Fraser, Christophe
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The evolution of antibiotic resistance in opportunistic pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus is a major public health problem, as infection with resistant strains leads to prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of death. Here, we develop a new model of the evolution of antibiotic resistance in a commensal bacterial population adapting to a heterogeneous host population composed of untreated and treated hosts, and structured in different host classes with different antibiotic use. Examples of host classes include age groups and geographic locations. Explicitly modelling the antibiotic treatment reveals that the emergence of a resistant strain is favoured by more frequent but shorter antibiotic courses, and by higher transmission rates. In addition, in a structured host population, localized transmission in host classes promotes both local adaptation of the bacterial population and the global maintenance of coexistence between sensitive and resistant strains. When transmission rates are heterogeneous across host classes, resistant strains evolve more readily in core groups of transmission. These findings have implications for the better management of antibiotic resistance: reducing the rate at which individuals receive antibiotics is more effective to reduce resistance than reducing the duration of treatment. Reducing the rate of treatment in a targeted class of the host population allows greater reduction in resistance, but determining which class to target is difficult in practice.
(2179) Mary Moorhouse
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Tunable electronic anisotropy in single-crystal A2Cr3As3 (A = K, Rb) quasi-one-dimensional superconductors
Creators: name: Wang, X. F.
name: Roncaioli, C.
name: Eckberg, C.
name: Kim, H.
name: Yong, J.
name: Nakajima, Y.
name: Saha, S. R.
name: Zavalij, P. Y.
name: Paglione, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single crystals of A2Cr3As3 (A = K, Rb) were successfully grown using a self-flux method and studied via structural, transport and thermodynamic measurement techniques. The superconducting state properties between the two species are similar, with critical temperatures of 6.1 K and 4.8 K in K2Cr3As3 and Rb2Cr3As3, respectively. However, the emergence of a strong normal state electronic anisotropy in Rb2Cr3As3 suggests a unique electronic tuning parameter is coupled to the inter-chain spacing in the A2Cr3As3 structure, which increases with alkali metal ionic size while the one-dimensional [(Cr3As3)^{2-}]_{\infty} chain structure itself remains essentially unchanged. Together with dramatic enhancements in both conductivity and magnetoresistance (MR), the appearance of a strong anisotropy in the MR of Rb2Cr3As3 is consistent with the proposed quasi-one-dimensional character of band structure and its evolution with alkali metal species in this new family of superconductors.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures; to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Coordinate selection rules for Gibbs sampling
Creators: name: Fishman, George S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: This paper studies several different plans for selecting coordinates for updating via Gibbs sampling. It exploits the inherent features of the Gibbs sampling formulation, most notably its neighborhood structure, to characterize and compare the plans with regard to convergence to equilibrium and variance of the sample mean. Some of the plans rely completely or almost completely on random coordinate selection. Others use completely or almost completely deterministic coordinate selection rules. We show that neighborhood structure induces idempotency for the individual coordinate transition matrices and commutativity among subsets of these matrices. These properties lead to bounds on eigenvalues for the Gibbs sampling transition matrices corresponding to several of the plans. For a frequently encountered neighborhood structure, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a commonly employed deterministic coordinate selection plan to induce faster convergence to equilibrium than the random coordinate selection plans. When these conditions hold, we also show that this deterministic selection rule achieves the same worst-case bound on the variance of the sample mean as that arising from the random selection rules when the number of coordinates grows without bound. This last result encourages the belief that faster convergence for the deterministic selection rule may also imply a variance of the sample mean no larger than that arising for random selection rules.
(2180) Katherine Thompson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Metastatic Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma Presenting with a Solo Perirenal Metastasis
Creators: name: Santos, João Garrido
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Abdominal imaging
subject: Abdomen
subject: Breast
subject: Kidney
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Biopsy
subject: Metastases
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 72-year-old woman presented with left lumbar pain for the last two months. She had a history of invasive lobular breast carcinoma ten years ago, treated with a right mastectomy and chemoradiotherapy. The breast imaging and lumbar spine studies revealed no suspicious lesions. Blood workup shows elevated creatinine serum level.

description: 72 years, female
A matrix-valued counting process with first-order interactive intensities
Creators: name: Sen, Pranab K.
name: Pedroso De Lima, A. C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: A matrix-valued counting process that allows for modeling of multivariate failure-time data is presented. the inclusion of covariates in a Cox-type regression model is considered, and asymptotic properties of the estimates of regression parameters appearing in the model are studied.
Supplementary Table from The evolution of antibiotic resistance in a structured host population
Creators: name: Blanquart, François
name: Lehtinen, Sonja
name: Lipsitch, Marc
name: Fraser, Christophe
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The evolution of antibiotic resistance in opportunistic pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus is a major public health problem, as infection with resistant strains leads to prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of death. Here, we develop a new model of the evolution of antibiotic resistance in a commensal bacterial population adapting to a heterogeneous host population composed of untreated and treated hosts, and structured in different host classes with different antibiotic use. Examples of host classes include age groups and geographic locations. Explicitly modelling the antibiotic treatment reveals that the emergence of a resistant strain is favoured by more frequent but shorter antibiotic courses, and by higher transmission rates. In addition, in a structured host population, localized transmission in host classes promotes both local adaptation of the bacterial population and the global maintenance of coexistence between sensitive and resistant strains. When transmission rates are heterogeneous across host classes, resistant strains evolve more readily in core groups of transmission. These findings have implications for the better management of antibiotic resistance: reducing the rate at which individuals receive antibiotics is more effective to reduce resistance than reducing the duration of treatment. Reducing the rate of treatment in a targeted class of the host population allows greater reduction in resistance, but determining which class to target is difficult in practice.
A large deviations approach to asymptotically optimal control of crisscross network in heavy traffic
Creators: name: Ghosh, Arka Prasanna
name: Budhiraja, Amarjit
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: In this work we study the problem of asymptotically optimal control of a well-known multi-class queuing network, referred to as the "crisscross network," in heavy traffic. We consider exponential inter-arrival and service times, linear holding cost and an infinite horizon discounted cost criterion. In a suitable parameter regime, this problem has been studied in detail by Martins, Shreve and Soner [SIAM J. Control Optim. 34 (1996) 2133-2171] using viscosity solution methods. In this work, using the pathwise solution of the Brownian control problem, we present an elementary and transparent treatment of the problem (with the identical parameter regime as in [SIAM J. Control Optim. 34 (1996) 2133-2171]) using large deviation ideas introduced in [Ann. Appl. Probab. 10 (2000) 75-103, Ann. Appl. Probab. 11 (2001) 608-649]. We obtain an asymptotically optimal scheduling policy which is of threshold type. The proof is of independent interest since it is one of the few results which gives the asymptotic optimality of a control policy for a network with a more than one-dimensional workload process.
Reporting Food Additive Usage Data (Aspartame)
Creators: name: European Food Safety Authority
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: food additives
subject: data collection
subject: reporting usage levels
subject: http://id.agrisemantics.org/gacs/C2789
subject: http://id.agrisemantics.org/gacs/C2724

description: This version contains the amendments to the 'Guidance on using add template_aspartame.pdf' in order to correctly reference the codes that appear in the column headings of the 'AddUseLevTemplate_Aspartame. This data provider package is to be used for reporting food additive usage data to EFSA on Aspartame The package includes the following: 1. The excel reporting file 'AddUseLevTemplate_Aspartame' to input usage level data. 2. Guidance on using add template_aspartame
description: EU; xls, data.collection@efsa.europa.eu
A new measure of node centrality on schedule-based space-time networks for the designation of spread potential - Supplementary data
Creators: name: review, Anonymised for
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 80201 Analysis of Algorithms and Complexity
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dataset including ranking of European sea ports by network node centrality measure 'Spread Potential', and merged liner shipping schedules (timetables) for various European freight ferry services for two weeks in the month of August of year 2015 as underlying dynamic-network data.
Diffusion approximations for controlled stochastic networks: An asymptotic bound for the value function
Creators: name: Ghosh, Arka Prasanna
name: Budhiraja, Amarjit
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: We consider the scheduling control problem for a family of unitary networks under heavy traffic, with general interarrival and service times, probabilistic routing and infinite horizon discounted linear holding cost. A natural nonanticipativity condition for admissibility of control policies is introduced. The condition is seen to hold for a broad class of problems. Using this formulation of admissible controls and a time-transformation technique, we establish that the infimum of the cost for the network control problem over all admissible sequencing control policies is asymptotically bounded below by the value function of an associated diffusion control problem (the Brownian control problem). This result provides a useful bound on the best achievable performance for any admissible control policy for a wide class of networks.