cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Eigenvector-Based Centrality Measures for Temporal Networks
Creators: name: Taylor, Dane
name: Clauset, Aaron
name: Myers, Sean A.
name: Porter, Mason A.
name: Mucha, Peter J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Numerous centrality measures have been developed to quantify the importances of nodes in time-independent networks, and many of them can be expressed as the leading eigenvector of some matrix. With the increasing availability of network data that changes in time, it is important to extend such eigenvector-based centrality measures to time-dependent networks. In this paper, we introduce a principled generalization of network centrality measures that is valid for any eigenvector-based centrality. We consider a temporal network with N nodes as a sequence of T layers that describe the network during different time windows, and we couple centrality matrices for the layers into a supra-centrality matrix of size NT × NT whose dominant eigenvector gives the centrality of each node i at each time t. We refer to this eigenvector and its components as a joint centrality, as it reflects the importances of both the node i and the time layer t. We also introduce the concepts of marginal and conditional centralities, which facilitate the study of centrality trajectories over time. We find that the strength of coupling between layers is important for determining multiscale properties of centrality, such as localization phenomena and the time scale of centrality changes. In the strong-coupling regime, we derive expressions for time-averaged centralities, which are given by the zeroth-order terms of a singular perturbation expansion. We also study first-order terms to obtain first-order-mover scores, which concisely describe the magnitude of nodes’ centrality changes over time. As examples, we apply our method to three empirical temporal networks: the United States Ph.D. exchange in mathematics, costarring relationships among top-billed actors during the Golden Age of Hollywood, and citations of decisions from the United States Supreme Court.
Interplay between diet, gut microbiota, epigenetic events, and colorectal cancer
Creators: name: Bultman, Scott J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Despite the success of colonoscopy screening, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most common and deadly cancers, and CRC incidence is rising in some countries where screening is not routine and populations have recently switched from traditional diets to western diets. Diet and energy balance influence CRC by multiple mechanisms. They modulate the composition and function of gut microbiota, which have a prodigious metabolic capacity and can produce oncometabolites or tumor-suppressive metabolites depending, in part, on which dietary factors and digestive components are present in the GI tract. Gut microbiota also have a profound effect on immune cells in the lamina propria, which influences inflammation and subsequently CRC. Nutrient availability, which is an outcome of diet and energy balance, determines the abundance of certain energy metabolites that are essential co-factors for epigenetic enzymes and therefore impinges upon epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Aberrant epigenetic marks accumulate during CRC, and epimutations that are selected for drive tumorigenesis by causing transcriptome profiles to diverge from the cell of origin. In some instances, the above mechanisms are intertwined as exemplified by dietary fiber being metabolized by colonic bacteria into butyrate, which is both a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor that epigenetically upregulates tumor-suppressor genes in CRC cells and anti-inflammatory genes in immune cells.
Oxidation of Carbon Nanotubes in an Ionizing Environment
Creators: name: Koh, Ai Leen
name: Gidcumb, Emily
name: Zhou, Otto
name: Sinclair, Robert
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: In this work, we present systematic studies on how an illuminating electron beam which ionizes molecular gas species can influence the mechanism of carbon nanotube oxidation in an environmental transmission electron microscope (ETEM). We found that preferential attack of the nanotube tips is much more prevalent than for oxidation in a molecular gas environment. We establish the cumulative electron doses required to damage carbon nanotubes from 80 keV electron beam irradiation in gas versus in high vacuum. Our results provide guidelines for the electron doses required to study carbon nanotubes within or without a gas environment, to determine or ameliorate the influence of the imaging electron beam. This work has important implications for in situ studies as well as for the oxidation of carbon nanotubes in an ionizing environment such as that occurring during field emission.
Generalized fidelity susceptibility at phase transitions
Creators: name: You, Wen-Long
name: He, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work, we investigate the intrinsic relation between quantum fidelity susceptibility (QFS) and the dynamical structure factor. We give a concise proof of the QFS beyond the perturbation theory. With the QFS in the Lehmann representation, we point out that the QFS actually the negative-two-power moment of dynamical structure factor, and illuminate the inherent relation between physical quantities in the linear response theory. Moreover, we discuss the generalized fidelity susceptibility (GFS) of any quantum relevant operator, that may not be coupled to the driving parameter, present similar scaling behaviors. Finally, we demonstrate that the QFS can not capture the fourth-order quantum phase transition in a spin-1/2 anisotropic XY chain in the transverse alternating field, while a lower-order GFS can seize the criticalities.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Equal bioavailability of omega-3 PUFA from Calanus oil, fish oil and krill oil: A 12-week randomized parallel study
Creators: name: Vosskötter, Franziska
name: Burhop, Milena
name: Hahn, Andreas
name: Schuchardt, Jan Philipp
Publisher: name: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: dietary fat
subject: fatty acid analysis
subject: fatty acid metabolism
subject: fish oil
subject: lipid absorption
subject: n-3 fatty acids
subject: nutrition
subject: physiology
subject: specific lipids
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: The bioavailability of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3 PUFA) can be affected by the form in which they are bound. An alternative source of n3 PUFA is Calanus finmarchicus oil (CO), which, unlike fish oil (FO) and krill oil (KO), contains fatty acids primarily bound as wax esters. Recent studies have shown that n3 PUFA from CO are bioavailable to humans, but CO has not been compared to other marine oils such as FO or KO. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of 12 weeks supplementation with CO, FO and KO on the long-term n3 PUFA status in healthy volunteers. The Omega-3 Index (O3I), defined as red blood cell EPA + DHA content as a percentage of total identified fatty acids, was used as a measure to assess n3 PUFA status. Sixty-two participants (mean ± standard deviation [SD] age: 29.7 ± 8.43 years) completed the randomized parallel group study (CO group: n = 21, 4 capsules/day, EPA + DHA dose: 242 mg/day; FO group: n = 22, 1 capsule/day, EPA + DHA dose: 248 mg/day; KO group: n = 19, 2 capsules/day, EPA + DHA dose: 286 mg/day). At baseline, the three groups showed comparable (mean ± SD) O3I values (CO: 5.13 ± 1.12%, FO: 4.90 ± 0.57%, KO: 4.87 ± 0.77%). The post-interventional (mean ± SD) O3I increase was comparable between the three groups (CO: 1.09 ± 0.55%; FO: 1.0 ± 0.53%; KO: 1.15 ± 0.65%, all p < 0.001). The study confirms that CO can increase the n3 PUFA status comparable to FO and KO and is therefore an alternative marine source of bioavailable n3 PUFA, especially with regard to sustainability.
The networked partial correlation and its application to the analysis of genetic interactions
Creators: name: Roverato, Alberto
name: Castelo, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Genetic interactions confer robustness on cells in response to genetic perturbations. This often occurs through molecular buffering mechanisms that can be predicted using, among other features, the degree of coexpression between genes, commonly estimated through marginal measures of association such as Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients. However, marginal correlations are sensitive to indirect effects and often partial correlations are used instead. Yet, partial correlations convey no information about the (linear) influence of the coexpressed genes on the entire multivariate system, which may be crucial to discriminate functional associations from genetic interactions. To address these two shortcomings, here we propose to use the edge weight derived from the covariance decomposition over the paths of the associated gene network. We call this new quantity the networked partial correlation and use it to analyze genetic interactions in yeast.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures; major revision of the paper after journal review; 24 pages, 7 figures; figures enlarged, added DOI
Self-Assembled Redox Dual-Responsive Prodrug-Nanosystem Formed by Single Thioether-Bridged Paclitaxel-Fatty Acid Conjugate for Cancer Chemotherapy
Creators: name: He, Zhonggui
name: Huang, Leaf
name: Li, Lin
name: Liu, Dan
name: Li, Jing
name: Luo, Cong
name: Miao, Lei
name: Sun, Bingjun
name: Du, Yuqian
name: Sun, Jin
name: Musetti, Sara
name: Han, Xiaopeng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Chemotherapeutic efficacy can be greatly improved by developing nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (nano-DDS) with high drug loading capacity and smart stimulus-triggered drug release in tumor cells. Herein, we report a novel redox dual-responsive prodrug-nanosystem self-assembled by hydrophobic small-molecule conjugates of paclitaxel (PTX) and oleic acid (OA). Thioether linked conjugates (PTX-S-OA) and dithioether inserted conjugates (PTX-2S-OA) are designed to respond to the redox-heterogeneity in tumor. Dithioether has been reported to show redox dual-responsiveness, but we find that PTX-S-OA exhibits superior redox sensitivity over PTX-2S-OA, achieving more rapid and selective release of free PTX from the prodrug nanoassemblies triggered by redox stimuli. PEGylated PTX-S-OA nanoassemblies, with impressively high drug loading (57.4%), exhibit potent antitumor activity in a human epidermoid carcinoma xenograft. This novel prodrug-nanosystem addresses concerns related to the low drug loading and ineff...
Localizing and prioritizing roof greening opportunities for urban heat island mitigation: insights from the city of Krefeld, Germany
Creators: name: Brenner, Jana
name: Schmidt, Stefan
name: Albert, Christian
Publisher: name: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: City-scale
subject: Climate adaptation
subject: Climate change
subject: Nature-based solutions
subject: Spatial planning
subject: Urban green
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::900 | Geschichte und Geografie::910 | Geografie, Reisen

description: Context: Climate change may increase the frequency, intensity, and occurrence of urban heat islands (UHI) in cities worldwide, often with harmful impacts on citizens. Strategic planning and implementation of multifunctional green roofs promises to help mitigating UHI effects, but cities often lack up-to-date scientific understanding of best-suited locations. Objectives: The aim of this paper is to develop and apply a socio-ecological approach to explore and prioritize present and prospective opportunity spaces for roof greening based on remote sensing data to mitigate UHI effects. Methods: The city of Krefeld, Germany, serves as a case study. The research design consists of three steps, applied to the conditions of 2019 and a 2030 scenario: (i) Examining residents’ vulnerability to heat, (ii) Assessing existing green roofs and potentials for greening, and (iii) Prioritizing opportunity spaces for roof greening to reduce UHI effects. Results: Findings showed that the area of high vulnerability due to combined high heat exposures and densities of sensitive residents in Krefeld accounts for almost 300 hectares in 2019 and may triple until 2030. More than 90% of evaluated horizontal roofs have no vegetation cover. Highest priority for roof greening is attributed to 59 ha and 113 ha of roofs in 2019 and 2030, respectively. Conclusions: The findings can inform strategic roof greening efforts for climate adaptation, e.g. for the extension of cadasters, and facilitate communication to increase understandings, public and policy support, and implementation.
Influence of system changes on closely spaced modes of a large-scale concrete tower for the application to structural health monitoring
Creators: name: Jonscher, Clemens
name: Liesecke, Leon
name: Penner, Nikolai
name: Hofmeister, Benedikt
name: Grießmann, Tanja
name: Rolfes, Raimund
Publisher: name: Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Close modes
subject: Concrete steel tower
subject: Identification uncertainty
subject: OMA
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: Concrete steel towers are increasingly being used for onshore wind turbines. The lower part consists of separated segmented concrete rings connected with dry joints. Due to slight deviations from the axisymmetric cross-section, closely spaced modes occur. Therefore, the influences of small system changes on closely spaced modes, particularly the mode shapes, should be investigated to enable reliable vibration-based monitoring. In this context, the influence of imperfections due to the waviness of the dry joints requires attention. As no acceleration measurements on concrete towers considering small system changes have been performed so far, this has not yet been investigated. Therefore, an experiment is carried out using a large-scale laboratory model of a prestressed concrete segment tower. The system modifications are introduced by changing the preload. This changes the influence of imperfections of the surfaces of the horizontal dry joints, estimated by measuring strain and displacement at the lowest joint. An increasing preload causes the first two pairs of bending modes to move closer together. This enables to study the effect of the closeness of natural frequencies on the related mode shapes based on the same structure. Thus, the known effects of increasing uncertainty of the alignment and a rotation of the mode shape in the mode subspace with closer natural frequencies can be shown experimentally. In this work, the operational modal analysis (OMA) methods Bayesian-OMA (BAYOMA) and Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI) are used. Local imperfections can significantly affect modal parameters, so these should be considered for vibration-based monitoring.
Magnetically tuned, robust and efficient filtering system for spatially multimode quantum memory in warm atomic vapors
Creators: name: Dąbrowski, Michał
name: Chrapkiewicz, Radosław
name: Wasilewski, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Warm atomic vapor quantum memories are simple and robust, yet suffer from a number of parasitic processes which produce excess noise. For operating in a single-photon regime precise filtering of the output light is essential. Here we report a combination of magnetically tuned absorption and Faraday filters, both light-direction-insensitive, which stop the driving lasers and attenuate spurious fluorescence and four-wave mixing while transmitting narrowband Stokes and anti-Stokes photons generated in write-in and readout processes. We characterize both filters with respect to adjustable working parameters. We demonstrate a significant increase in the signal to noise ratio upon applying the filters seen qualitatively in measurements of correlation between the Raman-scattered photons.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures
Ubaldino Peruzzi a Raffaello Busacca (14 maggio 1857)
Creators: name: Peruzzi, Ubaldino
name: Busacca, Raffaello
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Accademia dei Georgofili
Peruzzi, Ubaldino
Busacca, Raffaello
Lettera
Letter
Carteggio
Correspondence
1857

description: Lettera di Ubaldino Peruzzi a Raffaello Busacca del 14 maggio 1857. Segnatura dell’unità documentale: Archivio storico dell’Accademia dei Georgofili, Carteggio, Busta 32, 3382. Natura: manoscritto. Consistenza: cc. 2
description: Digitalizzato come parte della Mostra virtuale: Ubaldino Peruzzi : un percorso in rete : in occasione del bicentenario della nascita https://www.georgofili.it/contenuti/ubaldino-peruzzi-un-percorso-in-rete/17485
Docetaxel-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles Improve Efficacy in Taxane-Resistant Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Creators: name: Sherwood, Candice A.
name: Luft, James C.
name: Perou, Charles M.
name: DeSimone, Joseph M.
name: Bowerman, Charles J.
name: Perry, Jillian L.
name: Keeler, Amanda W.
name: Chu, Kevin S.
name: Sharpless, Norman E.
name: Byrne, James D.
name: Darr, David B.
name: Zamboni, William C.
name: Napier, Mary E.
name: Schorzman, Allison N.
name: Deal, Allison M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Novel treatment strategies, including nanomedicine, are needed for improving management of triple-negative breast cancer. Patients with triple-negative breast cancer, when considered as a group, have a worse outcome after chemotherapy than patients with breast cancers of other subtypes, a finding that reflects the intrinsically adverse prognosis associated with the disease. The aim of this study was to improve the efficacy of docetaxel by incorporation into a novel nanoparticle platform for the treatment of taxane-resistant triple-negative breast cancer. Rod-shaped nanoparticles encapsulating docetaxel were fabricated using an imprint lithography based technique referred to as Particle Replication in Nonwetting Templates (PRINT). These rod-shaped PLGA-docetaxel nanoparticles were tested in the C3(1)-T-antigen (C3Tag) genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of breast cancer that represents the basal-like subtype of triple-negative breast cancer and is resistant to therapeutics from the taxane family. Thi...
Isoetes boliviensis U. Weber, Hedwigia
Creators: name: Kessler, Michael
name: Smith, Alan R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Lycopodiopsida
Isoetales
Isoetaceae
Isoetes
Isoetes boliviensis

description: Isoëtes boliviensis U.Weber, Hedwigia 63: 247. 1922.
 Range:— Northern Peru to Bolivia (CO, LP).
 Ecology:— Fairly common; submerged aquatic, amphibious, or emergent, in permanent or seasonal pools to 0.5 m depth, marshes, and wet meadows, unlike other species of Isoëtes, sometimes in turbid water; perhaps an annual; 3600–5000 m.
 Notes:— Megaspores 0.38–0.46 mm in diameter, smooth to minutely tuberculate or cristate; microspores 26–40 μm long, verrucate; 2 n =22.
description: Published as part of Kessler, Michael & Smith, Alan R., 2018, Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. IV. Isoëtaceae, pp. 83-86 in Phytotaxa 344 (1) on page 84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/13720714
Quantum Discriminant Analysis for Dimensionality Reduction and Classification
Creators: name: Cong, Iris
name: Duan, Luming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present quantum algorithms to efficiently perform discriminant analysis for dimensionality reduction and classification over an exponentially large input data set. Compared with the best-known classical algorithms, the quantum algorithms show an exponential speedup in both the number of training vectors $M$ and the feature space dimension $N$. We generalize the previous quantum algorithm for solving systems of linear equations [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 150502 (2009)] to efficiently implement a Hermitian chain product of $k$ trace-normalized $N \times N$ Hermitian positive-semidefinite matrices with time complexity of $O(\log (N))$. Using this result, we perform linear as well as nonlinear Fisher discriminant analysis for dimensionality reduction over $M$ vectors, each in an $N$-dimensional feature space, in time $O(p \text{polylog} (MN)/ε^{3})$, where $ε$ denotes the tolerance error, and $p$ is the number of principal projection directions desired. We also present a quantum discriminant analysis algorithm for data classification with time complexity $O(\log (MN)/ε^{3})$.
description: 11 pages, published version
Mediating Passive Tumor Accumulation through Particle Size, Tumor Type, and Location
Creators: name: Perry, Jillian L.
name: Zamboni, William
name: Luft, J. Christopher
name: Reuter, Kevin G.
name: DeSimone, Joseph M.
name: Pecot, Chad V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: As the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect continues to be a controversial topic in nanomedicine, we sought to examine EPR as a function of nanoparticle size, tumor model, and tumor location, while also evaluating tumors for EPR mediating factors such as microvessel density, vascular permeability, lymphatics, stromal content, and tumor-associated immune cells. Tumor accumulation was evaluated for 55 × 60, 80 × 180, and 80 × 320 nm PRINT particles in four subcutaneous flank tumor models (SKOV3 human ovarian, 344SQ murine nonsmall cell lung, A549 human nonsmall cell lung, and A431 human epidermoid cancer). Each tumor model revealed specific particle accumulation trends with evident particle size dependence. Immuno-histochemistry staining revealed differences in tumor microvessel densities that correlated with overall tumor accumulation. Immunofluorescence images displayed size-mediated tumor penetration with signal from the larger particles concentrated close to the blood vessels, while signal fr...
Isoetes eshbaughii Hickey, Syst. Bot.
Creators: name: Kessler, Michael
name: Smith, Alan R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Lycopodiopsida
Isoetales
Isoetaceae
Isoetes
Isoetes eshbaughii

description: Isoëtes eshbaughii Hickey, Syst. Bot. 11(2): 310. 1986.
 Range:— Endemic to Bolivia (CO), known only from the type locality.
 Ecology:— Local and uncommon; submerged aquatic to emergent, in shallow, nutrient-rich (llama dung) seasonal pools on rock outcrops, to 0.2 m water depth; 4420 m.
 Notes:— Megaspores 0.28–0.43 mm in diameter, tuberculate, rarely almost smooth or rugulate; microspores 34– 43 μm long, echinate; 2 n =44.
description: Published as part of Kessler, Michael & Smith, Alan R., 2018, Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. IV. Isoëtaceae, pp. 83-86 in Phytotaxa 344 (1) on page 84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/13720714
Development of exosome-encapsulated paclitaxel to overcome MDR in cancer cells
Creators: name: Hingtgen, Shawn D.
name: Kim, Myung Soo
name: Piroyan, Aleksandr
name: Haney, Matthew J.
name: Inskoe, Eli
name: Klyachko, Natalia L.
name: Mahajan, Vivek
name: Zhao, Yuling
name: Sokolsky, Marina
name: Batrakova, Elena V.
name: Okolie, Onyi
name: Kabanov, Alexander V.
name: Deygen, Irina
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: AbstractExosomes have recently come into focus as "natural nanoparticles" for use as drug delivery vehicles. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of an exosome-based drug delivery platform for a potent chemotherapeutic agent, paclitaxel (PTX), to treat MDR cancer. Herein, we developed different methods of loading exosomes released by macrophages with PTX (exoPTX), and characterized their size, stability, drug release, and in vitro antitumor efficacy. Reformation of the exosomal membrane upon sonication resulted in high loading efficiency and sustained drug release. Importantly, incorporation of PTX into exosomes increased cytotoxicity more than 50 times in drug resistant MDCKMDR1 (Pgp+) cells. Next, our studies demonstrated a nearly complete co-localization of airway-delivered exosomes with cancer cells in a model of murine Lewis lung carcinoma pulmonary metastases, and a potent anticancer effect in this mouse model. We conclude that exoPTX holds significant potential for the delivery of various chemotherapeutics to treat drug resistant cancers.From the Clinical EditorExosomes are membrane-derived natural vesicles of ~40 - 200 nm size. They have been under extensive research as novel drug delivery vehicles. In this article, the authors developed exosome-based system to carry formulation of PTX and showed efficacy in the treatment of multi-drug resistant cancer cells. This novel system may be further developed to carry other chemotherapeutic agents in the future.
Isoetes herzogii U. Weber, Hedwigia
Creators: name: Kessler, Michael
name: Smith, Alan R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Lycopodiopsida
Isoetales
Isoetaceae
Isoetes
Isoetes herzogii

description: Isoëtes herzogii U.Weber, Hedwigia 63: 250. 1922.
 Range:— Endemic to Bolivia (CO, LP, SC).
 Ecology:— Fairly common; submerged to nearly emergent aquatic in clear high-elevation lakes and pools in humid forest to puna environments, forming dense colonies in water to at least 6 m deep; 2600–4800 m.
 Notes:— Megaspores ca. 0.36 mm in diameter, usually rugulate, rarely smooth; microspores 29–34 μm long spinulose; 2 n =44.
description: Published as part of Kessler, Michael & Smith, Alan R., 2018, Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. IV. Isoëtaceae, pp. 83-86 in Phytotaxa 344 (1) on page 85, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/13720714
Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of a modified acid-labile docetaxel-PRINT ® nanoparticle formulation against non-small-cell lung cancer brain metastases
Creators: name: Desimone, Joseph
name: Chu, Kevin
name: Anders, Carey K
name: Luft, J Christopher
name: Zamboni, William
name: Karginova, Olga
name: Bowerman, Charles
name: Sambade, Maria
name: Deal, Allison
name: Van Swearingen, Amanda
name: Schorzman, Allison
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Particle Replication in Nonwetting Templates (PRINT®) PLGA nanoparticles of docetaxel and acid-labile C2-dimethyl-Si-Docetaxel were evaluated with small molecule docetaxel as treatments for non-small-cell lung cancer brain metastases.
title: Inner Triplet Quadrupole Fringe Fields in the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider
Creators: name: Jones, Sam
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2020

description: The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider is an upgrade to the Large Hadron Collider which aims to produce more collisions over a single run of the accelerator. To do so, there is an effort to improve the peak luminosity of the existing machine by a factor of 5, and the total luminosity over time (integrated luminosity) by a factor of 10. To increase the luminosity of the machine, one crucial way is to reduce the size of the beam at the point of collision. To make a smaller beam, stronger focusing magnets are required. Furthermore, the beam would also need to reach greater extents in the inner triplet focusing magnets either side of the collision point. To facilitate the beam size in the inner triplet magnets, the magnets require larger distances between poles. However, larger distances between poles means that the tapering of the field at the end of the magnets is more pronounced. These tapering fields are known as fringe fields, and they have a nonlinear dynamical effect on the beam. This could mean a potentially disastrous effect on the beam performance. The goal of this thesis is to compare different fringe field models, and to observe the differences between them. An additional objective was to use a tracking code (SAMM) in a study of this kind. This would be to test its extensibility for new work, and for its GPU tracking abilities. The suitability of an analytic Enge field description for studies involving fringe fields was also an aim of this work. Though the results presented in this work show variations between the different models, it is still possible that the fringe fields would have a large impact on the beam stability. The result for the Enge field Taylor map showed a significant reduction in the stability of the beam compared to the no fringe model. On the other hand the numeric field Runge-Kutta fringe field model showed the opposite behaviour. Whereas the Enge field Runge-Kutta and the numeric field Taylor map were found to be in closer agreement to the no fringe model. The analysis was successfully carried out using SAMM. Through this work its functionality was extended to handle new field models and new integration routines. The GPU tracking allowed frequency map analysis to be run on a desktop computer within a reasonable timescale. The analytic Enge model was shown to be an alternative to a numeric model, but further work is required to find significant differences between them. The Enge model looks like it could be used as a faster alternative to the numeric model in future projects that require fringe field modelling.
Nanoparticle surface charge impacts distribution, uptake and lymph node trafficking by pulmonary antigen-presenting cells
Creators: name: Fromen, Catherine A.
name: Robbins, Gregory R.
name: DeSimone, Joseph M.
name: Kai, Marc P.
name: Rahhal, Tojan B.
name: Shen, Tammy W.
name: Luft, J. Christopher
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: AbstractEngineered nanoparticles have the potential to expand the breadth of pulmonary therapeutics, especially as respiratory vaccines. Notably, cationic nanoparticles have been demonstrated to produce superior local immune responses following pulmonary delivery; however, the cellular mechanisms of this increased response remain unknown. To this end, we investigated the cellular response of lung APCs following pulmonary instillation of anionic and cationic charged nanoparticles. While nanoparticles of both surface charges were capable of trafficking to the draining lymph node and were readily internalized by alveolar macrophages, both CD11b and CD103 lung dendritic cell (DC) subtypes preferentially associated with cationic nanoparticles. Instillation of cationic nanoparticles resulted in the upregulation of Ccl2 and Cxc10, which likely contributes to the recruitment of CD11b DCs to the lung. In total, these cellular mechanisms explain the increased efficacy of cationic formulations as a pulmonary vaccine carrier and provide critical benchmarks in the design of pulmonary vaccine nanoparticles.From the Clinical EditorAdvance in nanotechnology has allowed the production of precise nanoparticles as vaccines. In this regard, pulmonary delivery has the most potential. In this article, the authors investigated the interaction of nanoparticles with various types of lung antigen presenting cells in an attempt to understand the cellular mechanisms. The findings would further help the future design of much improved vaccines for clinical use.
Isoetes panamensis Maxon & C. V. Morton, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
Creators: name: Kessler, Michael
name: Smith, Alan R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Lycopodiopsida
Isoetales
Isoetaceae
Isoetes
Isoetes panamensis

description: Isoëtes panamensis Maxon & C.V.Morton, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 26(4): 272. 1939.
 Range:— Western Guatemala to Panama; coastal Ecuador and Peru; interior Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia (CO, LP).
 Ecology:— Locally common; submerged aquatic and seasonally emergent in fluctuating or ephemeral water bodies such as pools, streams, river banks, and marshes, mostly on muddy ground, sometimes among floating vegetation; to 500 m.
 Notes:— Velum rudimentary; megaspores 0.38–0.58 mm in diameter, baculate; microspores 27–40 μm long, smooth, sparsely echinate or papillate; 2 n =44 (Costa Rica). Throughout its extensive but disjunct range, the megaspores of this species are variable in shape, size, and distribution of the baculi on the megaspores, and microspore ornamentation also varies; more than one taxon may be involved.
 A presumably undescribed species of Isoëtes is known from eastern Santa Cruz (Abbott 16383, MO). It has shorter (ca. 15–20 cm long) and thicker leaves than I. panamensis.
description: Published as part of Kessler, Michael & Smith, Alan R., 2018, Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. IV. Isoëtaceae, pp. 83-86 in Phytotaxa 344 (1) on page 85, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/13720714
Subtumoral analysis of PRINT nanoparticle distribution reveals targeting variation based on cellular and particle properties
Creators: name: Perry, Jillian L.
name: Parrott, Matthew C.
name: Davis, Ian J.
name: Bo, Tao
name: Bear, James E.
name: Brighton, Hailey
name: Kersey, Farrell
name: Luft, J. Chris
name: DeSimone, Joseph M.
name: Roode, Luke E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: AbstractThe biological activity of nanoparticle-directed therapies critically depends on cellular targeting. We examined the subtumoral fate of Particle Replication in Non-Wetting Templates (PRINT) nanoparticles in a xenografted melanoma tumor model by multi-color flow cytometry and in vivo confocal tumor imaging. These approaches were compared with the typical method of whole-organ quantification by radiolabeling. In contrast to radioactivity based detection which demonstrated a linear dose-dependent accumulation in the organ, flow cytometry revealed that particle association with cancer cells became dose-independent with increased particle doses and that the majority of the nanoparticles in the tumor were associated with cancer cells despite a low fractional association. In vivo imaging demonstrated an inverse relationship between tumor cell association and other immune cells, likely macrophages. Finally, variation in particle size nonuniformly affected subtumoral association. This study demonstrates the importance of subtumoral targeting when assessing nanoparticle activity within tumors.From the Clinical EditorParticle Replication in Non-Wetting Templates (PRINT) technology allows the production of nanoparticles with uniform size. The authors in the study utilized PRINT-produced nanoparticles to investigate specific tumor uptake by multi-color flow cytometry and in vivo confocal tumor imaging. This approach allowed further in-depth correlation between nanoparticle properties and tumor cells and should improve future design.
title: Encounters in the English Juvenile Periodical Press: The Reader-Responses of Boys and Girls, c. 1855-1900
Creators: name: Atkins, Lee
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2020

description: This purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the role played by the English juvenile periodical press in the socialisation of boys and girls during the second half of the nineteenth century. Although scholars have long been familiar with the idea that juvenile periodicals were agents of socialisation, there has been little critical discussion about how readers responded to their magazines. Scholars usually attempt to discern the socialising messages that juvenile periodicals transmitted to young people by examining the texts rather than the response of the reader. The problem with this approach is that there is a danger of assuming that intended messages were absorbed without question by a passive readership. The relationship between reading and socialisation has thus been misunderstood and requires reassessment. This dissertation not only broadens the scope of the field of periodical studies, but also the wider history of juvenile reading. The difficulty of locating historical evidence of reader response has frustrated researchers since the mid-twentieth century. Despite recent breakthroughs in the field of book history, the responses of young people have largely remained elusive because they were often ephemeral and have rarely been preserved in historical archives. This dissertation, however, demonstrates that a study of “encounters” in the juvenile periodical press can offer mediated glimpses into reader response. Developing the work of Laurel Brake and Julie Codell, it considers how boys and girls were invited to become active participants in periodical culture through correspondence columns, prize competitions, and club pages. In doing so, the thesis sheds important new light on the following research questions: how did readers respond to socialising messages about informal education and self-improvement; how did juvenile periodicals prepare boys and girls for employment; and how successful were the editors of juvenile periodicals in moulding their readers’ understanding of recreation from a young age? This study of encounters in the juvenile periodical press complicates our understanding of socialisation in two ways. First, it challenges the assumption that young people were passive recipients of adult teaching. Rather, it suggests that socialisation should be understood as a dialogue between editors who were eager to mould the values and behaviours of the rising generation, and readers who consulted magazines for advice and entertainment. Although the editors of juvenile periodicals often had their own agendas, boys and girls were consumers whose needs and desires were influential in shaping the content of magazines. Second, a study of encounters reveals that while some readers conformed to editorial expectations, others resisted or ignored attempts at socialisation. Thus, this dissertation argues that the relationship between reading and socialisation was more complex than scholars have traditionally assumed.
A framework for solving atomistic phonon-structure scattering problems in the frequency domain using Perfectly Matched Layer boundaries
Creators: name: Kakodkar, Rohit R.
name: Feser, Joseph P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a numerical approach to the solution of elastic phonon scattering problems based on a frequency domain decomposition of the atomistic equations of motion and the use of perfectly matched layer or PML boundaries. Unlike MD wavepacket analysis, the current approach has the ability to simulate scattering from individual phonon modes, including wavevectors in highly dispersive regimes. Like the Atomistic Green's Function method, the technique reduces scattering problems to a system of linear algebraic equations via a sparse, banded matrix. However, the use of PML boundaries enables rapid absorption of scattered wave energies at the boundaries, and provides a simple and inexpensive interpretation of the scattered phonon energy flux calculated from the energy dissipation rate in the PML. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated on connected monoatomic chains, for which an analytic solution is known. The parameters defining the PML are found to affect the performance and guidelines for selecting optimal parameters are given. The method is used to study the energy transmission coefficient for connected diatomic chains over all available wavevectors for both optical and longitudinal phonons; it is found that when there is discontinuity between sublattices, even connected chains of equivalent acoustic impedence have near-zero transmission coefficient for short wavelengths. The phonon scattering cross section of an embedded nanocylinder is calculated for a wide range of frequencies to demonstrate the extension of the method to high dimensions. The calculations match continuum theory for long wavelength phonons and large cylinder radii, but otherwise show complex physics including Mie oscillations which terminate when incident phonon frequencies exceeds the maximum available frequency in the embedded nanocylinder, and scattering efficiencies larger than two near the Brillouin zone edge.
title: Youth Non-Voting and the Promotion of Youth Voting in Northern Ireland: A Bourdieusian Analysis
Creators: name: Farquhar, Dean
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2024

description: This thesis is the first in-depth study of youth non-voting in Northern Ireland. To account for youth non-voting, the thesis contends that it is necessary to think beyond the apathy/engaged scepticism framing of youth political participation prevalent in wider literature. In locating some non-voters in a liminal space between apathy and engaged scepticism, the thesis shows how young electors who are interested in politics broadly understood may not vote because their lack of understanding of electoral politics reduces their confidence in relation to casting a ballot. Additionally, by probing deeper into the nature of engaged scepticism than previous scholarship, the thesis highlights how beliefs around civic duty distinguish some non-voters and voters who are similarly knowledgeable and critical of electoral politics. The thesis also explains how these subtle differences within and between non-voters and voters are socially produced, reflecting variations in the modes of cultural capital inculcated within habitus. Family, schools, and friends are all revealed to be important actors in youth political socialisation. Having explored the reasons for youth non-voting, the thesis then attends to the question of how to strengthen youth turnout. It expands on the popular notion that politicians should listen to young people and incorporate their views into policy platforms in order to attract young electors. Politicians must indeed take youth focused approaches to policy development, but they must also be cognisant of the extent to which their ideological positions relate to the lived experiences of youth. As the thesis explains, there is no unified youth habitus that corresponds to a single electoral narrative. Given the disparate nature of youth wants, needs and desires, there is scope for numerous electoral narratives, whose unequal relevance to young electors in part reflects prevailing social inequalities. Essentially, the thesis affords greater insight into how young people’s views on political matters are constructed and the bearing this has on the types of electoral narratives they are likely to find appealing. Breaking again with much of the existing literature on youth political participation, the latter part of the thesis examines local politicians’ views on youth and their efforts to engage the young with the electoral process. In these passages, the thesis clarifies how although politicians may make considerable effort to reach out to young people, their efforts are constrained by their ideologically informed readings of society, which set parameters on how they are able to alleviate young people’s concerns. Ultimately, the thesis develops our collective understanding of youth non-voting in Northern Ireland and opens up for discussion how youth voting might be better promoted in the region.
A gluing theorem for negatively curved complexes
Creators: name: Brown, Samuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65, 20F67

description: A simplicial complex is called negatively curved if all its simplices are isometric to simplices in hyperbolic space, and it satisfies Gromov's Link Condition. We prove that, subject to certain conditions, a compact graph of spaces whose vertex spaces are negatively curved 2-complexes, and whose edge spaces are points or circles, is negatively curved. As a consequence, we deduce that certain groups are CAT(-1). These include hyperbolic limit groups, and hyperbolic groups whose JSJ components are fundamental groups of negatively curved 2-complexes---for example, finite graphs of free groups with cyclic edge groups.
description: 26 pages. Typo corrected from previous version
Internalized compartments encapsulated nanogels for targeted drug delivery
Creators: name: Gu, Zhen
name: Ranson, Davis
name: Wang, Chao
name: Weng, Yuyan
name: Ye, Yanqi
name: Sun, Wujin
name: Yu, Jicheng
name: Zhang, Yuqi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Drug delivery systems inspired by natural particulates hold great promise for targeted cancer therapy. Endosome formed by internalization of plasma membrane has massive of membrane proteins and receptors on the surface, which is able to specifically target to the homotypic cells. Herein, we describe a simple method to fabricate an endosome membrane-coated nanogel (EM-NG) from source cancer cells. Following intracellular uptake of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (m-HA) adsorbed SiO2/Fe3O4 nanoparticles encapsulating crosslinker and photoiniator, EM-NG was readily prepared through in situ crosslinking initiated under UV irradiation inside endosome. The resulting endosome mimetic nanogels loaded with Doxorubicin (DOX) displayed enhanced internalization efficiency to the source cells through a specific homotypic affinity in vitro. However, when treated the non-source cells, the EM-NGs exhibited insignificant difference in therapeutic efficiency compared to bare HA nanogel with DOX. This study illustrates the potential of utilizing endosome membrane-mimicking formulation for targeted cancer therapy, and offers guideline for developing natural particulates-inspired drug delivery system.
Computer-aided design of carbon nanotubes with the desired bioactivity and safety profiles
Creators: name: Zhou, Hongyu
name: Li, Liwen
name: Mu, Qingxin
name: Fourches, Denis
name: Yan, Bing
name: Pu, Dongqiuye
name: Tropsha, Alexander
name: Su, Gaoxing
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Growing experimental evidences suggest the existence of direct relationships between the surface chemistry of nanomaterials and their biological effects. Herein, we have employed computational approaches to design a set of biologically active Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) with controlled protein binding and cytotoxicity. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) models were built and validated using a dataset of 83 surface-modified CNTs. A subset of a combinatorial virtual library of 240,000 ligands potentially attachable to CNTs was selected to include molecules that were within the chemical similarity threshold with respect to the modeling set compounds. QSAR models were then employed to virtually screen this subset and prioritize CNTs for chemical synthesis and biological evaluation. Ten putatively active and ten putatively inactive CNTs decorated with the ligands prioritized by virtual screening for either protein binding or cytotoxicity assays were synthesized and tested. We found that all 10 putatively inactive and 7 out of 10 putatively active CNTs were confirmed in the protein binding assay, whereas all 10 putatively inactive and 6 out of 10 putatively active CNTs were confirmed in the cytotoxicity assay. This proof-of-concept study shows that computational models can be employed to guide the design of surface-modified nanomaterials with the desired biological and safety profiles.