Trichoderma acremonioides Y. B. Zhang & W. Y. Zhuang HMAS 2018, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Zhang, Yu-Bo
name: Zhuang, Wen-Ying
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Pezizomycetes
Pezizales
Pezizaceae
Trichoderma
Trichoderma acremonioides

description: Trichoderma acremonioides Y.B. Zhang & W.Y. Zhuang, sp. nov. (Fig. 2)   
Fungal names: FN 570575  
 Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the simply branched conidiophores.   
 Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: Dali, Jizu Mountain, alt. 1840 m, on rotten twigs, 21 Sep 2017, Y.B. Zhang, H.D. Zheng, X.C. Wang & Y. Zhang 11591 (holotype HMAS 254566, ex-type culture HMAS 247271).   
 Stromata solitary, pulvinate, outline circular or irregular, ca. 1–3 mm diam., 0.5 mm high (n = 15), surface smooth, yellowish brown to reddish brown, becoming dark in 3% KOH. Ostiolar dots dark, always inconspicuous. In section, cortical tissue of textura angularis, 27–50 μm thick, cells pale yellowish brown, thick-walled, 3–6 × 2–3.6 μm (n = 30); subcortical tissue of textura angularis, cells hyaline or slightly yellowish, thin-walled, 3.5–6 × 2–5 μm; subperithecial tissue of textura epidermoidea, cells hyaline, thin-walled, 4–16 × 3.5–11 μm; tissue at the base of textura epidermoidea mixed with textura intricata, cells hyaline to slightly yellow, thin-walled, 5–18 × 3.5–10 μm, hyphae hyaline to slightly yellowish, thin-walled, 2–5 μm wide. Perithecia subglobose or flask-shaped, 187–280 × 94–153 μm; peridium hyaline or light yellow, 9–15 μm thick at flanks, 14–21 μm thick at the base. Ostioles (31–)70–93 μm high, 11–25 μm wide at the apex. Asci subcylindrical, 83–100 × 5–6 μm. Ascospores hyaline, verruculose, dimorphic, distal cells globose to subglobose, 3.8–4.7 × 3.5–4.5 μm, L/W 1–1.2; proximal cells subglobose to ellipsoid, 4.2–6 × 3.2–4.3 μm, L/ W 1.0 –1.5.   
 Colony on CMD 26–30 mm in radius after 72 h at 25 °C, covering the plate after 7 days. Colony outline circular, semitranslucent, aerial hyphae inconspicuous. Conidiation noted after 3 days on aerial hyphae. Conidiophores acremonium- to verticillium-like. Phialides subulate or ampulliform, 7.5–13 × 1.8–2.8 μm, L/ W 3.5 –7, 1.4–2.3 μm wide at the base. Conidia green, warted, subglobose, oblong or ellipsoid, 3.5–6 × 2.5–3.2 μm, L/ W 1.2 –2. No diffusing pigment produced; no distinct odor detected.   
Colony on PDA 19–20 mm in radius after 72 h at 25 °C, covering the plate after 17 days. Colony with lobed margin, aerial hyphae dense. Conidiation noted after 2 days on aerial hyphae near the plug. No diffusing pigment produced; no distinct odor detected.  
Colony on SNA 4–6 mm in radius after 72 h at 25 °C, 31–35 mm in radius after 17 days. Colony outline nearly circular, semitranslucent, radial. Conidiation noted after 5 days near the plug. Chlamydospores noted after 10 days, terminal or intercalary, 7–13 × 6–10 μm, L/W 1–1.3. No diffusing pigment produced; no distinct odor detected.  
 Additional specimens examined: — CHINA. Yunnan: Baoshan, Gaoligong Mountain, alt. 2300 m, on rotten wood, 16 Sep 2017, Y.B. Zhang, H.D. Zheng, X.C. Wang & Y. Zhang 11398 (HMAS 279611); Yunnan: Dali, Jizu Mountain, alt. 1835 m, on rotten wood, 21 Sep 2017, Y.B. Zhang, H.D. Zheng, X.C. Wang & Y. Zhang 11581 (HMAS 254558); Yunnan: Dali, Jizu Mountain, alt. 1840 m, on rotten wood, 21 Sep 2017, Y.B. Zhang, H.D. Zheng, X.C. Wang & Y. Zhang 11582 (HMAS 254559); Yunnan: Dali, Jizu Mountain, alt. 1840 m, on rotten twigs, 21 Sep 2017, Y.B. Zhang, H.D. Zheng, X.C. Wang & Y. Zhang 11583, 11584, 11585, 11586, 11587, 11588 [HMAS 254560, 254561, 254562 (culture HMAS 247272), 254563, 254564, 247257].   
 Notes:— Trichoderma acremonioides locates in the Viride clade, featured by the acremonium- to verticillium-like conidiophores. It is morphologically similar to T. eijii and T. pezizoides, and phylogenetically associated with them but receiving very low statistical support (MPBP = 57%). Trichoderma eijii has similar conidiophore branching patterns, but differs in cortical tissues of textura intricata, and smaller ascospores and conidia (3.2–3.8 × 2.8–3.5 μm for distal part-ascospores, 3.8–4.7 × 2.5–3.1 μm for proximal part-ascospores, 2.8–3.5 × 2.4–3.0 μm for conidia) (Kim et al. 2013). Trichoderma peziziodes forms verticillium-like conidiophores, longer phialides (22–24 μm) and larger conidia (2.8–11.6 × 1.8–4.4 μm) (Liu & Doi 1995).
description: Published as part of Zhang, Yu-Bo & Zhuang, Wen-Ying, 2018, New species of Trichoderma in the Harzianum, Longibrachiatum and Viride clades, pp. 131-142 in Phytotaxa 379 (2) on pages 137-138, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.379.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13724719