cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Revealing the X-ray Variability of AGN with Principal Component Analysis
Creators: name: Parker, M. L.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Matt, G.
name: Koljonen, K. I. I.
name: Kara, E.
name: Alston, W.
name: Walton, D. J.
name: Marinucci, A.
name: Brenneman, L.
name: Risaliti, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse a sample of 26 active galactic nuclei with deep XMM-Newton observations, using principal component analysis (PCA) to find model independent spectra of the different variable components. In total, we identify at least 12 qualitatively different patterns of spectral variability, involving several different mechanisms, including five sources which show evidence of variable relativistic reflection (MCG-6-30-15, NGC 4051, 1H 0707-495, NGC 3516 and Mrk 766) and three which show evidence of varying partial covering neutral absorption (NGC 4395, NGC 1365, and NGC 4151). In over half of the sources studied, the variability is dominated by changes in a power law continuum, both in terms of changes in flux and power law index, which could be produced by propagating fluctuations within the corona. Simulations are used to find unique predictions for different physical models, and we then attempt to qualitatively match the results from the simulations to the behaviour observed in the real data. We are able to explain a large proportion of the variability in these sources using simple models of spectral variability, but more complex models may be needed for the remainder. We have begun the process of building up a library of different principal components, so that spectral variability in AGN can quickly be matched to physical processes. We show that PCA can be an extremely powerful tool for distinguishing different patterns of variability in AGN, and that it can be used effectively on the large amounts of high-quality archival data available from the current generation of X-ray telescopes.
description: 25 pages, 27 figures, accepted to MNRAS. Analysis code available on request to lead author. Edit: Rogue table removed
Neodymium Isotope Geochemistry of a Subterranean Estuary
Creators: name: White, C.D.
name: Rasbury, E.T.
name: Cable, J.E.
name: Mohajerin, T.J.
name: Yang, N.
name: Chevis, D.A.
name: Johannesson, K.H.
name: Martin, J.B.
name: Hemming, S.R.
name: Burdige, D.J.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2021

description: Rare earth elements (REE) and Nd isotope compositions of surface and groundwaters from the Indian River Lagoon in Florida were measured to investigate the influence of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) on these parameters in coastal waters. The Nd flux of the terrestrial component of SGD is around 0.7±0.03 μmol Nd/day per m of shoreline across the nearshore seepage face of the subterranean estuary. This translates to a terrestrial SGD Nd flux of 4±0.2 mmol/day for the entire 5,880 m long shoreline of the studied portion of the lagoon. The Nd flux from bioirrigation across the nearshore seepage face is 1±0.05 μmol Nd/day per m of shoreline, or 6±0.3 mmol/day for the entire shoreline. The combination of these two SGD fluxes is the same as the local, effective river water flux of Nd to the lagoon of 12.7±5.3 mmol/day. Using a similar approach, the marine-sourced SGD flux of Nd is 31.4±1.6 μmol Nd/day per m of shoreline, or 184±9.2 mmol/day for the investigated portion of the lagoon, which is 45 times higher than the terrestrial SGD Nd flux. Terrestrial-sourced SGD has an εNd(0) value of −5±0.42, which is similar to carbonate rocks (i.e., Ocala Limestone) from the Upper Floridan Aquifer (−5.6), but more radiogenic than the recirculated marine SGD, for which εNd(0) is −7±0.24. Marine SGD has a Nd isotope composition that is identical to the εNd(0) of Fe(III) oxide/oxyhydroxide coated sands of the surficial aquifer (−7.15±0.24 and −6.98±0.36). These secondary Fe(III) oxides/oxyhydroxides formed during subaerial weathering when sea level was substantially lower during the last glacial maximum. Subsequent flooding of these surficial sands by rising sea level followed by reductive dissolution of the Fe(III) oxide/oxyhydroxide coatings can explain the Nd isotope composition of the marine SGD component. Surficial waters of the Indian River Lagoon have an εNd(0) of −6.47±0.32, and are a mixture of terrestrial and marine SGD components, as well as the local rivers (−8.63 and −8.14). Nonetheless, the chief Nd source is marine SGD that has reacted with Fe(III) oxide/oxyhydroxide coatings on the surficial aquifer sands of the subterranean estuary.
Connecting theory of plasmoid-modulated reconnection to observations of solar flares
Creators: name: Hillier, Andrew
name: Takasao, Shinsuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The short timescale of the solar flare reconnection process has long proved to be a puzzle. Recent studies suggest the importance of the formation of plasmoids in the reconnecting current sheet, with quantifying the aspect ratio of the width to length of the current sheet in terms of a negative power $α$ of the Lundquist number, i.e. $S^{-α}$, being key to understanding the onset of plasmoids formation. In this paper we make the first application of theoretical scalings for this aspect ratio to observed flares to evaluate how plasmoid formation may connect with observations. We find that for three different flares showing plasmoids a range of $α$ values of $α= 0.27$ to $0.31$. The values in this small range implies that plasmoids may be forming before the theoretically predicted critical aspect ratio ($α=1/3$) has been reached, potentially presenting a challenge for the theoretical models.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, 1 table. Published Open Access version (https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2022.23)
Chromosome-scale shotgun assembly using an in vitro method for long-range linkage
Creators: name: Putnam, Nicholas H.
name: O'Connell, Brendan
name: Stites, Jonathan C.
name: Rice, Brandon J.
name: Fields, Andrew
name: Hartley, Paul D.
name: Sugnet, Charles W.
name: Haussler, David
name: Rokhsar, Daniel S.
name: Green, Richard E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Long-range and highly accurate de novo assembly from short-read data is one of the most pressing challenges in genomics. Recently, it has been shown that read pairs generated by proximity ligation of DNA in chromatin of living tissue can address this problem. These data dramatically increase the scaffold contiguity of assemblies and provide haplotype phasing information. Here, we describe a simpler approach ("Chicago") based on in vitro reconstituted chromatin. We generated two Chicago datasets with human DNA and used a new software pipeline ("HiRise") to construct a highly accurate de novo assembly and scaffolding of a human genome with scaffold N50 of 30 Mb. We also demonstrated the utility of Chicago for improving existing assemblies by re-assembling and scaffolding the genome of the American alligator. With a single library and one lane of Illumina HiSeq sequencing, we increased the scaffold N50 of the American alligator from 508 kb to 10 Mb. Our method uses established molecular biology procedures and can be used to analyze any genome, as it requires only about 5 micrograms of DNA as the starting material.
On the Galactic Halos Rotation by Planck Data
Creators: name: Tahir, Noraiz
name: De Paolis, Francesco
name: Qadir, Asghar
name: Nucita, Achille A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As galactic halos are not directly visible, there are many ambiguities regarding their composition and rotational velocity. Though most of the dark matter is non-baryonic, {\it some fraction is}, and it can be used to trace the halo rotation. Asymmetries in the CMB towards M31 had been seen in the Planck data and ascribed to the rotational Doppler shift of the M31 halo. Subsequently, the same methods were used in the direction of five other galaxies belonging to the Local Group, namely M33, M81, M82, NGC 5128, and NGC 4594. It had been proved that there could be stable clouds of gas and dust in thermal equilibrium with the CMB at 2.7 K, which had been called ``virial clouds''. In this paper, adopting this scenerio, an attempt is made to constrain the fraction of dust grains and gas molecules in the clouds.
description: 18 pages, 7 figrues, Journal: Symmetry, Special Issues:Recent Advances Studies Cosmic Microwave Background
Spatiotemporal Variability in Transport and Reactive Processes Across a First- to Fifth-Order Fluvial Network
Creators: name: Knapp, J.L.A.
name: González-Pinzón, R.
name: Cable, J.E.
name: Gootman, K.S.
name: Garayburu-Caruso, V.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2020

description: Fluvial networks integrate, transform, and transport constituents from terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. To date, most research on water quality dynamics has focused on process understanding at individual streams, and, as a result, there is a lack of studies analyzing how physical and biogeochemical drivers scale across fluvial networks. We performed tracer tests in five stream orders of the Jemez River continuum in New Mexico, USA, to quantify reach-scale hyporheic exchange during two different seasonal periods to address the following: How do hyporheic zone contributions to overall riverine processing change with space and time? And does the spatiotemporal variability of hyporheic exchange scale across fluvial networks? Combining conservative (i.e., bromide) and reactive (i.e., resazurin) tracer analyses with solute transport modeling, we found a dominance of reaction-limited transport conditions and a decrease of the contributions of hyporheic processing across stream orders and flow regimes. Our field-based findings suggest that achieving knowledge transferability of hyporheic processing within fluvial networks may be possible, especially when process variability is sampled across multiple stream orders and flow regimes. Therefore, we propose a shift in our traditional approach to investigating scaling patterns in transport processes, which currently relies on the interpretation of studies conducted in multiple sites (mainly in headwater streams) that are located in different fluvial networks, to a more cohesive, network-centered investigation of processes using the same or readily comparable methods.
Effects of Sediment Delivery Changes on Carbon Burial Within the Modern and Abandoned Delta Lobes of the Yellow River, China
Creators: name: Arriola, J.M.
name: Cable, J.E.
name: Wang, X.
Publisher: name: Springer New York LLC
Year: 2019

description: Globally, deltaic wetlands sequester large volumes of terrestrial and marine-derived organic carbon. Diminishing sediment supply via river diversions, dams, and/or sea level rise threatens this stored carbon by enhancing erosion, thereby potentially releasing CO2 back to the atmosphere during remineralization of organic matter. The Yellow River delta, located in the Bohai Sea, China, has undergone intense anthropogenic manipulation since the 1950s including rerouting of the river mouth to expand the delta for oil exploitation. The goal of this study is to identify the impacts of river course diversions on sources and rates of carbon burial in the modern and abandoned delta lobes of the Yellow River delta. In 2016, we collected four cores total in abandoned and modern deltaic lobes and measured vertical accretion, total carbon, total nitrogen, δ13C, and n-alkanes. The highest average mass accretion rate of 12,470.1 g m−2 year−1 is observed in the abandoned delta, although it no longer receives direct river sediment input. The modern and abandoned deltas are currently outpacing sea level rise, but vertical accretion rates are influenced by sediment trapping practices in the modern delta and redistribution of eroded sediments in the abandoned. Average carbon burial rates across both delta sites vary between 7.2 and 14.9 g OC m−2 year−1. Sediment-associated carbon at both sites is dominantly sourced from the Loess Plateau. To conserve wetlands across the Yellow River delta, sediment management practices that periodically reintroduce sediment-laden river water to former river courses, such as in the Mississippi delta, are suggested.
Cycling of oxyanion-forming trace elements in groundwaters from a freshwater deltaic marsh
Creators: name: Kolker, A.S.
name: Cable, J.E.
name: Telfeyan, K.
name: Breaux, A.
name: Johannesson, K.H.
name: Kim, J.
Publisher: name: Academic Press
Year: 2018

description: Pore waters and surface waters were collected from a freshwater system in southeastern Louisiana to investigate the geochemical cycling of oxyanion-forming trace elements (i.e., Mo, W, As, V). A small bayou (Bayou Fortier) receives input from a connecting lake (Lac des Allemands) and groundwater input at the head approximately 5 km directly south of the Mississippi River. Marsh groundwaters exchange with bayou surface water but are otherwise relatively isolated from outside hydrologic forcings, such as tides, storms, and effects from local navigation canals. Rather, redox processes in the marsh groundwaters appear to drive changes in trace element concentrations. Elevated dissolved S(-II) concentrations in marsh groundwaters suggest greater reducing conditions in the late fall and winter as compared to the spring and late summer. The data suggest that reducing conditions in marsh groundwaters initiate the dissolution of Fe(III)/Mn(IV) oxide/hydroxide minerals, which releases adsorbed and/or co-precipitated trace elements into solution. Once in solution, the fate of these elements is determined by complexation with aqueous species and precipitation with iron sulfide minerals. The trace elements remain soluble in the presence of Fe(III)- and SO4 2-- reducing conditions, suggesting that either kinetic limitations or complexation with aqueous ligands obfuscates the correlation between V and Mo sequestration in sediments with reducing or euxinic conditions.
TEACHING METHODOLOGY OF THE NATIVE LANGUAGE
Creators: name: De Campos, José Benedito
name: Tibúrcio, José Antônio
name: De Campos Tibúrcio, Rosa Maria
name: De Campos Tiburcio, Priscila
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: native language, mother language, textual reproduction, speaking and writing.

description: The purpose of this paper is to understand the native language called as “mother language” and analyze the strategies of producing texts in Portuguese and which those texts reflect in children and teenager ages who are attending the elementary and high school. Also has the purpose of stimulate the critical reflection about the existing methods of teaching the native language in order to promote a conscious choice of one or more of those methods by the teacher choice whose will reflect in the classroom reality. Besides that, there are many paradigms that are used as guide by the native language that helps in the construction of speaking and writing in the beginning of childhood. In addition to that, it can help increasing a diverse vocabulary and different words within the same land.Therefore, the commitment to be more participative as teachers facing those politicized gaps from the educational system is teaching the native language using texts which provide awareness reflections in the students.
Arsenic, vanadium, iron, and manganese biogeochemistry in a deltaic wetland, southern Louisiana, USA
Creators: name: Cable, J.E.
name: Grimm, D.A.
name: Kim, J.
name: Johannesson, K.H.
name: Kolker, A.S.
name: Telfeyan, K.
name: Breaux, A.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2017

description: Geochemical cycling of the redox-sensitive trace elements arsenic (As) and vanadium (V) was examined in shallow pore waters from a marsh in an interdistributary embayment of the lower Mississippi River Delta. In particular, we explore how redox changes with depth and distance from the Mississippi River affect As and V cycling in the marsh pore waters. Previous geophysical surveys and radon mass balance calculations suggested that Myrtle Grove Canal and the bordering marsh receive fresh groundwater, derived in large part from seepage of the Mississippi River, which subsequently mixes with brackish waters of Barataria Bay. Additionally, the redox geochemistry of pore waters in the wetlands is affected by Fe and S cycling in the shallow subsurface (0–20 cm). Sediments with high organic matter content undergo SO42 − reduction, a process ubiquitous in the shallow subsurface but largely absent at greater depths (~ 3 m). Instead, at depth, in the absence of organic-rich sediments, Fe concentrations are elevated, suggesting that reduction of Fe(III) oxides/oxyhydroxides buffers redox conditions. Arsenic and V cycling in the shallow subsurface are decoupled from their behavior at depth, where both V and As appear to be removed from solution by either diffusion or adsorption onto, or co-precipitation with, authigenic minerals within the deeper aquifer sediments. Pore water As concentrations are greatest in the shallow subsurface (e.g., up to 315 nmol kg− 1 in the top ~ 20 cm of the sediment) but decrease with depth, reaching values < 30 nmol kg− 1 at depths between 3 and 4 m. Vanadium concentrations appear to be tightly coupled to Fe cycling in the shallow subsurface, but at depth, V may be adsorbed to clay or sedimentary organic matter (SOM). Diffusive fluxes are calculated to examine the export of trace elements from the shallow marsh pore waters to the overlying canal water that floods the marsh. The computed fluxes suggest that the shallow sediment serves as a source of Fe, Mn, and As to the surface waters, whereas the sediments act as a sink for V. Iron and Mn fluxes are substantial, ranging from 50 to 30,000 and 770 to 4300 nmol cm− 2 yr− 1, respectively, whereas As fluxes are much less, ranging from 2.1 to 17 nmol cm− 2 yr− 1. Vanadium fluxes range from 3.0 nmol cm− 2 yr− 1 directed into the sediment to 1.7 nmol cm− 2 yr− 1 directed out of the sediment.
Precession-driven flows in stress-free ellipsoids
Creators: name: Vidal, J.
name: Cébron, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by modelling rotating turbulence in planetary fluid layers, we investigate precession-driven flows in ellipsoids subject to stress-free boundary conditions (SF-BC). The SF-BC could indeed unlock numerical constraints associated with the no-slip boundary conditions (NS-BC), but are also relevant for some astrophysical applications. Although SF-BC have been employed in the pioneering work of Lorenzani & Tilgner (J. Fluid Mech., 2003, 492, pp. 363--379), they have scarcely been used due to the discovery of some specific mathematical issues associated with angular momentum conservation. We revisit the problem using asymptotic analysis in the low-viscosity regime, which is validated with numerical simulations. First, we extend the reduced model of uniform-vorticity flows in ellipsoids to account for SF-BC. We show that the long-term evolution of angular momentum is affected by viscosity in triaxial geometries, but also in axisymmetric ellipsoids when the mean rotation axis of the fluid is not the symmetry axis. In a regime relevant to planets, we analytically obtain the primary forced flow in triaxial geometries, which exhibits a second inviscid resonance. Then, we investigate the bulk instabilities existing in precessing ellipsoids. We show that using SF-BC would be useful to explore the non-viscous instabilities (e.g. Kerswell, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 1993, 72, pp. 107-144), which are presumably relevant for planetary applications but are often hampered in experiments or simulations with NS-BC.
description: 30 pages, 10 figures. Published in J. Fluid Mech
Additional file 1 of How to explore what is hidden? A review of techniques for vascular tissue expression profile analysis
Creators: name: Kułak, Karolina
name: Wojciechowska, Natalia
name: Samelak-Czajka, Anna
name: Jackowiak, Paulina
name: Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Overview of selected considerations for the application of scRNA-seq for plant studies.
Variations in carbon burial and sediment accretion along a tidal creek in a Florida salt marsh
Creators: name: Arriola, J.M.
name: Cable, J.E.
Publisher: name: Wiley Blackwell
Year: 2017

description: Salt marshes store large quantities of carbon in the form of buried organic matter (OM) and consequently play a major role in the global carbon cycle, yet vertical accretion and carbon burial rates (CBRs) can vary by orders of magnitude on small spatial scales. The goal of this study was to provide insight into carbon burial variability of a single tidal salt marsh. Six marsh sediment cores were collected along a tidal creek in the Big Bend of Florida from the mouth to the coastal forest within the marsh levee and plain. Each was analyzed for porosity, % OM, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), δ13C, δ15N, and excess 210Pb to determine vertical accretion and CBRs. Porosity, % OM, and TOC and TN were found to be highest in the low marsh and within the marsh levee. Stable isotopes of OM indicate the source is dominated by C3 plant species in both the levee and plain. Average vertical accretion ranges from 0.9 mm yr−1 to 2.2 mm yr−1 with the slowest rates in the low marsh. Average carbon burial ranges from 49.5 g OC m−2 yr−1 to 109.5 g OC m−2 yr−1. High carbon burial associated with low sediment accumulation in the Low Marsh and low carbon burial associated with high sediment accumulation rates in the High Marsh are typical in this marsh. These variations imply that the highest carbon burial occurs in the zone most vulnerable to loss via inundation and erosion.
Utilising nanosecond sources in diffuse optical tomography
Creators: name: Mozumder, Meghdoot
name: Leskinen, Jarkko
name: Tarvainen, Tanja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) use near-infrared light for imaging optical properties of biological tissues. Time-domain DOT systems use pulsed lasers and measure time-varying temporal point spread function (TPSF), carrying information from both superficial and deep layers of imaged target. In this work, feasibility of nanosecond scale light pulses as sources for time-domain DOT is studied. Nanosecond sources enable using relatively robust measurement setups with standard analog-to-digital converter waveform digitizers, such as digital oscilloscopes. However, this type of systems have variations in source pulses and limited temporal sampling, that could limit their usage. In this work, these different aspects and possible limitations were studied with simulations and experiments. Simulations showed that information carried by time-domain data of diffuse medium is on low frequencies. This enables usage of relatively slow response time measurement electronics, and image processing using Fourier-transformed time-domain data. Furthermore, the temporal sampling in measurements needs to be high enough to capture the TPSF, but this rate can be achieved with standard digital oscilloscopes. It was shown that, although variations in light pulses of nanosecond lasers are larger than those of picosecond sources, they do not affect significantly on image quality. In this work, a prototype time-domain DOT experimental system utilising a high-energy nanosecond laser was constructed. The system consisted of a nanosecond Nd-YAG laser combined with optical parametric oscillator for light input, and avalanche photodetector and high-bandwidth oscilloscope for TPSF measurements. The system was used in both absolute and difference imaging of two phantoms. The experiments verified that both absorbing and scattering objects can be reconstructed with time-domain DOT using a nanosecond laser.
The formation and stability of homochiral peptides in aqueous prebiological environment in the Earth's crust
Creators: name: Toxvaerd, Søren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The oldest forms of living organisms on Earth are about 3.5 billion years old, and they are found in hydrothermal deposits, and it is often hypothesized that life originated there. But the hydrothermal systems with a fairly strong flow of chemical components are not the optimal place for the prebiological self-assembly of biomolecules and for the emergence of homochirality. This article examines the possibility for that the self-assembly of homochiral molecules took place in an aqueous environment in the Earth's crust. Based on the latest literature regarding the conditions in the lithosphere there are several factors that point to that the crust could be the location for the prebiological self-assembly of biomolecules, and there is nothing against it. The crust and the mantle contain a substantial amount of water, and at the time prior to the emergence of life the crust contained most likely the necessary chemical substances for the synthesis of the biomolecules and an aqueous environments where the homochirality could be established.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure
Two-Photon Total Annihilation of Molecular Positronium
Creators: name: Pérez-Ríos, Jesús
name: Love, Sherwin T.
name: Greene, Chris H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rate for complete two-photon annihilation of molecular positronium Ps$_{2}$ is reported. This decay channel involves a four-body collision among the fermions forming Ps$_{2}$, and two photons of 1.022 MeV, each, as the final state. The quantum electrodynamics result for the rate of this process is found to be $Γ_{Ps_{2} \rightarrow γγ}$ = 9.0 $\times 10^{-12}$ s$^{-1}$. This decay channel completes the most comprehensive decay chart for Ps$_{2}$ up to date.
description: 4 pages, 2figures and 1 table
Magnitudes of submarine groundwater discharge from marine and terrestrial sources: Indian River Lagoon, Florida
Creators: name: Cherrier, J.
name: Roy, M.
name: Cable, J.E.
name: Smith, C.
name: Martin, J.B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Magnitudes of terrestrial (fresh) and marine (saline) sources of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) are estimated for a transect across Indian River Lagoon, Florida. Two independent techniques (seepage meters and pore water Cl- concentrations) show terrestrial SGD decreases linearly to around 22 m offshore, and these techniques, together with a model based on the width of the outflow face, indicate a cumulative discharge of between 0.02 and 0.9 m3/d per meter of shoreline. Seepage meters and models of the deficiencies in 222Rn activity in shallow sediments indicate marine SGD discharges of roughly 117 m3/d per meter of shoreline across the entire 1800-m-wide transect. Two surface streams nearest the transect have an average discharge of about 28 m3/d per meter of shoreline. Marine SGD is thus 4 times greater then surface water discharge and more than 2 orders of magnitude greater than terrestrial SGD. The magnitude of the terrestrial SGD is limited by the amount of regional precipitation, evaporation, recharge, and groundwater usage, while marine SGD is limited only by processes circulating marine water into and out of the sediments. The large magnitude of marine SGD means that it could be important for estuarine cycling of reactive components such as nutrients and metals with only slight modification from estuarine water compositions. The small magnitude of terrestrial SGD means that large differences from estuarine water composition would be required to affect chemical cycling.
The Architectural Design Process of Pneumatic Warehouses
Creators: name: Melachos, Felipe
name: Maria Marinho de Carvalho Amorim, Anália
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 330102
subject: Architectural design

description: The object of study of this paper is the body of four interconnected pneumatic warehouses, to be designed and built in a municipal food distribution and market in the city of Campinas, Brazil. The objective of this paper is the reflective and propositional analysis of the exploratory architectural design process of the aforementioned pneumatic warehouses with the use of manual and digital design tools. The architectural design steps comprised in this research include its early stages of formal-structural conception and ideation, that is, schematic design and design development. Pneumatic structures lack through research in Brazilian academic community, in a way that they have the potential of providing light structures with long spans, with quick and safe assembly procedures, all with reasonable economic construction costs. As the methodological procedures adopted in this research, it was adopted a reflection upon its design challenges and steps. As to the research’s expected contributions, it is hoped that this paper could shed a light upon the challenges of architectural design of pneumatic structures, as well as the hybridization of analogical and high technology digital design tools in its design process as well
Magneto-optical chirality in a coherently coupled exciton-plasmon system
Creators: name: Vadia, Samarth
name: Scherzer, Johannes
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Högele, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chirality is a fundamental asymmetry phenomenon, with chiral optical elements exhibiting asymmetric response in reflection or absorption of circularly polarized light. Recent realizations of such elements include nanoplasmonic systems with broken mirror symmetry and polarization-contrasting optical absorption known as circular dichroism. An alternative route to circular dichroism is provided by spin-valley polarized excitons in atomically thin semiconductors. In the presence of magnetic fields, they exhibit an imbalanced coupling to circularly polarized photons and thus circular dichroism. Here, we demonstrate that polarization-contrasting optical transitions associated with excitons in monolayer WSe$_2$ can be transferred to proximal plasmonic nanodisks by coherent coupling. The coupled exciton-plasmon system exhibits magneto-induced circular dichroism in a spectrally narrow window of Fano interference, which we model in a master equation framework. Our work motivates exciton-plasmon interfaces as building blocks of chiral metasurfaces for applications in information processing, non-linear optics and sensing.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures; 10 pages Supplementary Information
Additional file 1 of Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations for antifungal therapy optimisation in the treatment of intra-abdominal candidiasis
Creators: name: Novy, Emmanuel
name: Roger, Claire
name: Roberts, Jason A.
name: Cotta, Menino Osbert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary material S1: Methodology of the literature review for pharmacokinetic studies evaluating antifungals in IAC. Supplementary material S2: ClinPK checklist applied to evaluated pharmacokinetic studies.
A study of SnS thin films and its suitability for photovoltaic application based on the existence of persistent photocurrent
Creators: name: Gupta, Yashika
name: Arun, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tin Sulphide is a layered compound which retains its structure when deposited as thin films by thermal evaporation. The films were found to have oriented growth with the direction of orientation changing with film thickness. The film's morphology was found to change with orientation. The poor conductivity of the thicker samples made it difficult to make photocunductivity characterisation. However, unlike reported the thinner samples showed photo-sensitivity to be independent of film thickness and grain size with a high persistent photocurrent. With their absorption, photosensitivty, optimum band-gap and traps within the band-gap giving the charge carriers a longer life-time, thin samples of tin sulphide gives adequate scope designing efficient photovoltaics. The refractive index was modeled using Sellmeir's model, while most of the previous studies talk of Wemple-DiDomenico single oscillator model or Cauchy's dispersion relation. The Sellmeir's fitting parameters are reported which can be of use in ellipsometric studies.
Correcting misclassification of overdose events in a randomised trial comparing buprenorphine and naltrexone for opioid dependence
Creators: name: Ajazi, Elizabeth M.
name: Schwartz, Todd A.
name: Dasgupta, Nabarun
name: Marshall, Stephen W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: MANUSCRIPT UNDER REVIEW. The X:BOT study (CTN-0051) is an influential randomized trial comparing safety and efficacy of buprenorphine and naltrexone to treat opioid dependence. The original publication reported no statistically significant difference in the safety endpoint of overdose. We reanalysed the trial using the public dataset and replicated most findings. However, we identified six additional overdose events that the original analysis missed. Five of these additional events were in the naltrexone arm, and one in the buprenorphine arm. Assuming similar efficacy, inclusion of these originally misclassified cases fundamentally alters clinical risk-benefit: 19/283 participants experienced overdoses in the naltrexone arm, compared to 9/287 for buprenorphine. In addition to correcting the misclassification, our reanalysis accounted for timing of safety outcomes. The hazard ratio for overdose in the naltrexone arm, relative to buprenorphine, becomes 2.40 (95% CI 1.09, 5.30; p=0.03) with misclassification corrected.
Thermal hysteresis and front propagation in dense planetary rings
Creators: name: Larue, Rémy
name: Latter, Henrik
name: Rein, Hanno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Saturn's rings are composed of icy grains, most in the mm to m size ranges, undergoing several collisions per orbit. Their collective behaviour generates a remarkable array of structure over many orders of magnitude, much of it not well understood. On the other hand, the collisional properties and parameters of individual ring particles are poorly constrained; usually N-body simulations and kinetic theory employ hard-sphere models with a coefficient of restitution $ε$ that is constant or a decreasing function of impact speed. Due to plastic deformation of surface regolith, however, it is likely that $ε$ will be more complicated, at the very least a non-monotonic function. We undertake N-body simulations with the REBOUND code with non-monotonic $ε$ laws to approximate surfaces that are friable but not sticking. Our simulations reveal that such ring models can support two thermally stable steady states for the same (dynamical) optical depth: a cold and a warm state. If the ring breaks up into radial bands of one or the other state, we find that warmer states tend to migrate into the colder states via a coherent travelling front. We also find stationary `viscous' fronts, which connect states of different optical depth, but the same angular momentum flux. We discuss these preliminary results and speculate on their implications for structure formation in Saturn's B and C-rings, especially with respect to structures that appear in Cassini images but not in occultations.
description: MNRAS, accepted
MPEC 2023-U53 : COMET P/2023 T1 (PANSTARRS)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: COMET P/2023 T1 (PANSTARRS)

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Variation in Abuse-Deterrent Formulation Opioid Prescribing in California, Florida, and Kentucky in 2018
Creators: name: Delcher, Chris
name: Freeman, Patricia
name: Dasgupta, Nabarun
name: Brown, John
name: Wang, Yanning
name: Slavova, Svetla
name: Oh, GYeon
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Purpose:
Abuse-deterrent formulation (ADF) opioid analgesics have been developed as a means to address prescription opioid abuse. ADF opioid use in clinical practice is not well described in the literature. This study characterizes ADF opioid prescribing patterns in 3 diverse states.

Methods:
This study used data from prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) in California, Florida, and Kentucky. The sample includes all ADF opioid prescriptions for patients ≥18 years old during the study period (CY 2018). Standardized prescribing rates were calculated by age, sex, and county rurality. The ADF opioid prescribing rate was calculated per 1,000 adult recipients of opioid analgesics.

Findings:
The rate of ADF prescribing per 1,000 adult recipients of opioid analgesics was nearly twice as high in Florida (14.57; 95% CI: 14.44-14.69) than in California (8.30; 95% CI: 8.22-8.37) or Kentucky (8.20; 95% CI: 8.01-8.39). ADF prescribing rates were highest among adults ages 55-74 years and among males. ADF opioid prescribing in rural counties represented a greater proportion of total patients using opioid analgesics than in metro counties in California (RR 1.40; CI: 1.28-1.53). Opposite and less pronounced variation was observed in Kentucky (RR 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88-0.98), and a significant difference was not observed in Florida (RR 0.68; 95% CI: 0.38-1.19).

Conclusions:
There were significant differences in the ADF prescribing rates among the 3 states and in rural versus metro counties within 2 states. ADF opioid prescribing by age and sex showed similar trends within states. Further research is needed to elucidate contextual factors which may lead to prescribing variation.
Search for the $U$ boson in the process $e^+ e^- \to U γ$, $U \to e^+ e^-$ with the KLOE detector
Creators: name: Palladino, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark Matter and Dark Energy are two of the most fundamental open questions in physics today. The existence of a light dark-force mediator has been hypothesized as a possible explanation for several unexplained physical phenomena. A new search for this mediator, the dark photon $U$, is underway using data collected with the KLOE detector at DA$Φ$NE. We describe the strategy we will use in our search for a resonant peak in the electron-positron invariant mass spectrum from the process $e^+e^- \to U γ$ with $U \to e^+e^-$. So far we found no evidence for the process and set a preliminary upper limit on the level of mixing between the secluded dark sector and the standard model.
description: ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B vol. 46 (2015)
Additional file 1 of Microbial tapestry of the Shulgan-Tash cave (Southern Ural, Russia): influences of environmental factors on the taxonomic composition of the cave biofilms
Creators: name: Gogoleva, Natalia
name: Chervyatsova, Olga
name: Balkin, Alexander
name: Kuzmina, Lyudmila
name: Shagimardanova, Elena
name: Kiseleva, Daria
name: Gogolev, Yuri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary data and results. Fig. S1. Biofilm sampling at the Arch of the Hall of Paintings. Fig. S2. Scheme of air circulation in the Shulgan-Tash Cave. Fig. S3. Microclimatic parameters (T, RH, CO2) in the Shulgan-Tash cave. Fig. S4. Spatial distribution of biofilm morphotypes inside the Shulgan-Tash Cave. Fig. S5. Changes in the absolute moisture content in the air at the surface and the potential for water condensation in the cave. Table S1. Chemical composition of substrates colonized by the biofilms, according to the results of X-ray fluorescence analysis (mass %). Fig. S6. Assessment of the relationship of chemical elements in substrates: (a) correlation matrix (Spearman correlation, results shown significant at p < 0.05), (b) DCA – density. Table S2. NO3 and NO2 in drip water, descriptive statistics. Table S3. NO3 and NO2 in drip water, Kruskal-Wallis test / Two-tailed test. Figure S7. Relative abundances of the bacterial genus in the communities of the cave biofilms. Figure S8. The taxonomic composition of the archaea in the cave biofilms at the genus level. Figure S9. The taxonomic composition of the archaea in the cave biofilms at the family level. Figure S10. Representation of dominant bacterial taxa in the biofilms of the Shulgan-Tash cave. Figure S11. Rooted maximum likelihood RaxML phylogenetic tree based on V4 region of the 16S rRNA genes showing the relationships of Actinobacteria members across different sample locations. Figure S12. Rooted maximum likelihood RaxML phylogenetic tree based on V4 region of the 16S rRNA genes showing the relationships of the order Ga0077536 members across different sample locations. Figure S13. Rooted maximum likelihood RaxML phylogenetic tree based on V4 region of the 16S rRNA genes showing the relationships of Acidobacteria members across different sample locations. Figure S14. Alpha diversity indices (Chao1 and Inverted Simpson) of bacterial (A) and archaeal (B) communities of Shulgan-Tash cave. Figure S15. Heat map showing taxonomic composition of the bacterial communities of cave biofilms at the class level
Do Performance Aspirations Matter for Guiding Software Configuration Tuning?
Creators: name: Chen, Tao
name: Li, Miqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Configurable software systems can be tuned for better performance. Leveraging on some Pareto optimizers, recent work has shifted from tuning for a single, time-related performance objective to two intrinsically different objectives that assess distinct performance aspects of the system, each with varying aspirations. Before we design better optimizers, a crucial engineering decision to make therein is how to handle the performance requirements with clear aspirations in the tuning process. For this, the community takes two alternative optimization models: either quantifying and incorporating the aspirations into the search objectives that guide the tuning, or not considering the aspirations during the search but purely using them in the later decision-making process only. However, despite being a crucial decision that determines how an optimizer can be designed and tailored, there is a rather limited understanding of which optimization model should be chosen under what particular circumstance, and why. In this paper, we seek to close this gap. Firstly, we do that through a review of over 426 papers in the literature and 14 real-world requirements datasets. Drawing on these, we then conduct a comprehensive empirical study that covers 15 combinations of the state-of-the-art performance requirement patterns, four types of aspiration space, three Pareto optimizers, and eight real-world systems/environments, leading to 1,296 cases of investigation. We found that (1) the realism of aspirations is the key factor that determines whether they should be used to guide the tuning; (2) the given patterns and the position of the realistic aspirations in the objective landscape are less important for the choice, but they do matter to the extents of improvement; (3) the available tuning budget can also influence the choice for unrealistic aspirations but it is insignificant under realistic ones.
description: This paper has been accepted by ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM)
Take-home dosing experiences among persons receiving methadone maintenance treatment during COVID-19
Creators: name: Salazar, Zach
name: Figgatt, Mary
name: Day, Elizabeth
name: Vincent, Louise
name: Dasgupta, Nabarun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Purpose: Methadone maintenance treatment is a life-saving treatment for people with opioid use disorders (OUD). The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has introduced many concerns surrounding access to opioid treatment. In March 2020, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) issued guidance allowing for the expansion of take-home methadone doses. We sought to describe changes to treatment experiences from the perspective of persons receiving methadone at outpatient treatment facilities for OUD.

Methods: We conducted an in-person survey among 104 persons receiving methadone from three clinics in central North Carolina in June and July 2020. Surveys collected information on demographic characteristics, methadone treatment history, and experiences with take-home methadone doses in the context of COVID-19 (i.e., before and since March 2020).

Results: Before COVID-19, the clinic-level percent of participants receiving any amount of days' supply of take-home doses at each clinic ranged from 56% to 82%, while it ranged from 78% to 100% since COVID-19. The clinic-level percent of participants receiving a take-homes days' supply of a week or longer (i.e., ≥6 days) since COVID-19 ranged from 11% to 56%. Among 87 participants who received take-homes since COVID-19, only four reported selling their take-home doses.

Conclusions: Our study found variation in experiences of take-home dosing by clinic and little diversion of take-home doses. While SAMSHA guidance should allow expanded access to take-home doses, adoption of these guidelines may vary at the clinic level. The adoption of these policies should be explored further, particularly in the context of benefits to patients seeking OUD treatment.