cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Connecting thermoelectric performance and topological-insulator behavior: Bi$_2$Te$_3$ and Bi$_{2}$Te$_{2}$Se from first principles
Creators: name: Shi, Hongliang
name: Parker, David
name: Du, Mao-Hua
name: Singh, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermoelectric performance is of interest for numerous applications such as waste heat recovery and solid state energy conversion, and will be seen to be closely connected to topological insulator behavior. In this context we here report first principles transport and defect calculations for Bi$_{2}$Te$_{2}$Se in relation to Bi$_{2}$Te$_{3}$. The two compounds are found to contain remarkably different electronic structures in spite of being isostructural and isoelectronic. We discuss these results in terms of the topological insulator characteristics of these compounds.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures
Quantum lattice dynamics and their importance in ternary superhydride clathrates
Creators: name: Lucrezi, Roman
name: Kogler, Eva
name: Di Cataldo, Simone
name: Aichhorn, Markus
name: Boeri, Lilia
name: Heil, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum nature of the hydrogen lattice in superconducting hydrides can have crucial effects on the material's properties. Taking a detailed look at the dynamic stability of the recently predicted BaSiH$_8$ phase, we find that the inclusion of anharmonic quantum ionic effects leads to an increase in the critical dynamical pressure to $20\,\text{GPa}$ as compared to $5\,\text{GPa}$ within the harmonic approximation. We identify the change in the crystal structure due to quantum ionic effects to be the main driving force for this increase and demonstrate that this can already be understood at the harmonic level by considering zero-point energy corrections to the total electronic energy. In fact, the previously determined critical pressure of kinetic stability $p_\text{kin} = 30\,\text{GPa}$ still poses a stricter bound for the synthesizability of BaSiH$_8$ and similar hydride materials than the dynamical stability and therefore constitutes a more rigorous and accurate estimate for the experimental realizability of these structures.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. Revised manuscript with minor changes. Supplemental Material available on the journal website (open access)
Universal distribution of magnetic anisotropy of impurities in ordered and disordered nano-grains
Creators: name: Szilva, A.
name: Balla, P.
name: Eriksson, O.
name: Zaránd, G.
name: Szunyogh, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the distribution of the magnetic anisotropy (MA) experienced by a magnetic impurity embedded in a metallic nano-grain. As an example of a generic magnetic impurity with partially filled $d$-shell, we study the case of $d^{1}$ impurities imbedded into ordered and disordered Au nano-grains, described in terms of a realistic band structure. Confinement of the electrons induces a magnetic anisotropy that is large, and can be characterized by 5 real parameters, coupling to the quadrupolar moments of the spin. In ordered (spherical) nano-grains, these parameters exhibit symmetrical structures and reflect the symmetry of the underlying lattice, while for disordered grains they are randomly distributed and, - for stronger disorder, - their distribution is found to be characterized by random matrix theory. As a result, the probability of having small magnetic anisotropies $K_L$ is suppressed below a characteristic scale $Δ_E$, which we predict to scale with the number of atoms $N$ as $Δ_E\sim 1/N^{3/2}$. This gives rise to anomalies in the specific heat and the susceptibility at temperatures $T\sim Δ_E$ and produces distinct structures in the magnetic excitation spectrum of the clusters, that should be possible to detect experimentally.
Additional file 1 of Inferring FDG-PET-positivity of lymph node metastases in proven lung cancer from contrast-enhanced CT using radiomics and machine learning
Creators: name: Gorodetski, Boris
name: Becker, Philipp Hendrik
name: Baur, Alexander Daniel Jacques
name: Hartenstein, Alexander
name: Rogasch, Julian Manuel Michael
name: Furth, Christian
name: Amthauer, Holger
name: Hamm, Bernd
name: Makowski, Marcus
name: Penzkofer, Tobias
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. Representative lymph node metastases. Supplementary Figure 2. Training and cross-validation with LASSO. Supplementary Figure 3. Performance comparison of radiomics in the unsure group (likely benign and likely malignant) to expert radiologists and the effect of encountering the prediction model. Supplementary Figure 4. Performance comparison of radiomics in the unsure group (likely benign and likely malignant) to expert radiologists plotting the 95% confidence interval AUC. Supplementary Table 1. Performance comparison of radiomics and the two expert radiologists. Supplementary Table 2. The effect of encountering radiomics in the unsure group (likely benign and likely malignant) classified by the expert radiologists.
Impacts of rainfall on the water quality of the Newport River Estuary (Eastern North Carolina, USA)
Creators: name: Noble, R.T.
name: Coulliette, A.D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The Newport River Estuary (NPRE), an important North Carolina (NC) shellfish harvesting area, has been experiencing alterations to the land-water interface due to increasing population and coastal development. Water quality degradation in the estuary over the last decade has led to an increase of shellfish harvesting area closures, and has been postulated to be due to non-point source contamination in the form of stormwater. Water samples were taken in the NPRE (n = 179) over a range of weather conditions and all seasons from August 2004 to September 2006. Fecal coliform (FC), as estimated by E. coli (EC), and Enterococcus (ENT) concentrations (MPN per 100 ml) were examined in relation to rainfall levels and distance from land. The relationships among the fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and environmental parameters were also examined. The data revealed a significant increase in FC concentrations after measured rainfall amounts of 2.54cm (general threshold) and 3.81cm (management action threshold). However, higher than expected FIB concentrations existed during conditions of negligible rainfall (<0.25 cm), indicating a possible reservoir population in the sediment. Overall, stormwater runoff appears to be adversely impacting water quality in the NPRE.
Epitaxial growth of atomically thin Ga2Se2 films on c-plane sapphire substrates
Creators: name: Yu, Mingyu
name: Murray, Lottie
name: Doty, Matthew
name: Law, Stephanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Broadening the variety of two-dimensional (2D) materials and improving the synthesis of ultrathin films are crucial to the development of the semiconductor industry. As a state-of-the-art 2D material, Ga2Se2 has attractive optoelectronic properties when it reaches the atomically-thin regime. However, its van der Waals epitaxial growth, especially for the atomically-thin films, has seldom been studied. In this paper, we used molecular beam epitaxy to synthesize Ga2Se2 single-crystal films with a surface roughness down to 1.82 nm on c-plane sapphire substrates by optimizing substrate temperature, Se:Ga flux ratio, and growth rate. Then we used a 3-step mode to grow Ga2Se2 films with a thickness as low as 3 tetralayers and a surface roughness as low as 0.61 nm, far exceeding the performance of direct growth. Finally, we found that the surface morphology strongly depends on the Se:Ga flux ratio, and higher growth rates widened the suitable flux ratio window for growing Ga2Se2. Overall, this work advances the understanding of the vdW epitaxy growth mechanism for post-transition metal monochalcogenides on sapphire substrates.
The inhomogeneous ISM toward PKS1830-211 SW - A detailed view on molecular gas at a look-back time of 7.5 Gyr
Creators: name: Schulz, A.
name: Henkel, C.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Muller, S.
name: Muders, D.
name: Bagdonaite, J.
name: Ubachs, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on measurements with the Effelsberg 100-m telescope, a multi-line study of molecular species is presented toward the south-western source of the gravitational lens system PKS 1830-211, which is by far the best known target to study molecular gas in absorption at intermediate redshift. Determining line parameters and optical depths and performing Large Velocity Gradient radiative transfer calculations, the aims of this study are (1) to evaluate physical parameters of the absorbing foreground gas at z~0.89, in particular its homogeneity, and (2) to monitor the spectroscopic time variability caused by fluctuations of the z~2.5 background continuum source. We find, that the gas is quite inhomogeneous with n(H2)~2 x 10^3 cm^-3 for most molecular species but with higher values for H2CO and lower ones for SO. Measuring the CS J=1-0 transition during a time interval of more than a decade, from 2001 to 2012, the peak absorption depth of the line remains approximately constant, while the line shape undergoes notable variations. Covering the time between 1996 and 2013, CS, HCO+, and CH3OH data indicate maximal integrated optical depths in ~2001 and 2011/2012. This is compatible with a ~10 yr periodicity, which, however, needs confirmation by substantially longer time monitoring. Comparing molecular abundances with those of different types of Galactic and nearby extragalactic clouds we find that the observed cloud complex does not correspond to one particular type but to a variety of cloud types with more diffuse and denser components as can be expected for an observed region with a transverse linear scale of several parsec and a likely larger depth along the line-of-sight. A tentative detection of Galactic absorption in the c-C3H2 1(10)-1(01) line at 18.343 GHz is also reported.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 11 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables
QoS Based Contract Design for Profit Maximization in IoT-Enabled Data Markets
Creators: name: Chen, Juntao
name: Farooq, Junaid
name: Zhu, Quanyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The massive deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, including sensors and actuators, is ushering in smart and connected communities of the future. The massive deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, including sensors and actuators, is ushering in smart and connected communities of the future. The availability of real-time and high-quality sensor data is crucial for various IoT applications, particularly in healthcare, energy, transportation, etc. However, data collection may have to be outsourced to external service providers (SPs) due to cost considerations or lack of specialized equipment. Hence, the data market plays a critical role in such scenarios where SPs have different quality levels of available data, and IoT users have different application-specific data needs. The pairing between data available to the SP and users in the data market requires an effective mechanism design that considers the SPs' profitability and the quality-of-service (QoS) needs of the users. We develop a generic framework to analyze and enable such interactions efficiently, leveraging tools from contract theory and mechanism design theory. It can enable and empower emerging data sharing paradigms such as Sensing-as-a-Service (SaaS). The contract design creates a pricing structure for on-demand sensing data for IoT users. By considering a continuum of user types, we capture a diverse range of application requirements and propose optimal pricing and allocation rules that ensure QoS provisioning and maximum profitability for the SP. Furthermore, we provide analytical solutions for fixed distributions of user types to analyze the developed approach. For comparison, we consider the benchmark case assuming complete information of the user types and obtain optimal contract solutions. Finally, a case study is presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed contract design framework.
description: This paper has been accepted for publication in the IEEE Internet of Things Journal
Additional file 1 of Unmarried Sri Lankan youth: sexual behaviour and contraceptive use
Creators: name: Kumarasinghe, Malith
name: De Silva, W. Indralal
name: de Silva, Ranjith
name: Suranga, M. Suchira
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Annexure 1. Detailed illustration of use of combination of random and convenient sampling techniques for selection of study participants.
Virus and prokaryote enumeration from planktonic aquatic environments by epifluorescence microscopy with SYBR Green I
Creators: name: Fuhrman, J.A.
name: Steele, J.A.
name: Hewson, I.
name: Noble, R.T.
name: Patel, A.
name: Schwalbach, M.S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in aquatic environments, typically exceeding the abundance of bacteria by an order of magnitude. The reliable enumeration of virus-like particles in marine microbiological investigations is a key measurement parameter. Although the size of typical marine viruses (20-200 nm) is too small to permit the resolution of details by light microscopy, such viruses can be visualized by epifluorescence microscopy if stained brightly. This can be achieved using the sensitive DNA dye SYBR Green I (Molecular Probes-Invitrogen). The method relies on simple vacuum filtration to capture viruses on a 0.02-μm aluminum oxide filter, and subsequent staining and mounting to prepare slides. Virus-like particles are brightly stained and easily observed for enumeration, and prokaryotic cells can easily be counted on the same slides. The protocol provides an inexpensive, rapid (30 min) and reliable technique for obtaining counts of viruses and prokaryotes simultaneously.
Fractional transconductance via non-adiabatic topological Cooper pair pumping
Creators: name: Weisbrich, Hannes
name: Klees, Raffael L.
name: Zilberberg, Oded
name: Belzig, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many robust physical phenomena in quantum physics are based on topological invariants arising due to intriguing geometrical properties of quantum states. Prime examples are the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects that demonstrate quantized Hall conductances, associated with topology both in the single particle and the strongly correlated many-body limit. Interestingly, the topology of the integer effect can be realized in superconducting multiterminal systems, but a proposal for the more complex fractional counterpart is lacking. In this work, we theoretically demonstrate how to achieve fractional quantized transconductance in an engineered chain of Josephson junctions. Crucially, similar to the stabilization of the conductance plateaus in Hall systems by disorder, we obtain stable transconductance plateaus as a result of non-adiabatic Landau-Zener transitions. We furthermore show that the fractional plateaus are robust to disorder and study the optimal operation regime to observe these effects. Our proposal paves the way for quantum simulation of exotic many-body out-of-equilibrium states in Josephson junction systems.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, updated version
Data and code for "Revisiting Shao and Sokal's B2 index of phylogenetic balance"
Creators: name: Bienvenu, François
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Newick trees
phylogenetic balance
B2 index
Sackin index
Colless index
Shannon entropy

description: This upload contains all of the scripts and data used in the article "Revisiting Shao and Sokal's B2 index of phylogenetic balance", by F. Bienvenu, G. Cardona and C. Scornavacca. Please see the README file for a description of the various files.
On the accuracy of close stellar approaches determination
Creators: name: Dybczyński, Piotr A.
name: Berski, Filip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the accuracy of our knowledge of close stellar passage distances in the pre-GAIA era.We used the most precise astrometric and kinematic data available at the moment and prepared a list of 40 stars nominally passing (in the past or future) closer than 2 pc from the Sun.We used a full gravitational potential of the Galaxy to calculate the motion of the Sun and a star from their current positions to the proximity epoch. For this calculations we used a numerical integration in rectangular, Galactocentric coordinates. We showed that in many cases the numerical integration of the star motion gives significantly different results than popular rectilinear approximation.We found several new stellar candidates for close visitors in past or in future. We used a covariance matrices of the astrometric data for each star to estimate the accuracy of the obtained proximity distance and epoch. To this aim we used a Monte Carlo method, replaced each star with 10 000 of its clones and studied the distribution of their individual close passages near the Sun. We showed that for contemporary close neighbours the precision is quite good but for more distant stars it strongly depends on the quality of astrometric and kinematic data. Several examples are discussed in detail, among them the case of HIP 14473. For this star we obtained the nominal proximity distance as small as 0.22 pc 3.78 Myr ago. However there exist strong need for more precise astrometry of this star since the proximity point uncertainty is unacceptably large.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 2 of Unmarried Sri Lankan youth: sexual behaviour and contraceptive use
Creators: name: Kumarasinghe, Malith
name: De Silva, W. Indralal
name: de Silva, Ranjith
name: Suranga, M. Suchira
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Fig. 2. Illustration on how the investigation team ensured adequate representation of never married youth population.
CCHDO: Your source for reference-quality CTD and bottle data (V2020-10)
Creators: name: Team, The CCHDO
Publisher: name: ESIP
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: This 1-page handout describes the data holdings of CCHDO, a public repository for high-quality repeat CTD and bottle data from GO-SHIP and other programs.
On Modeling Network Slicing Communication Resources with SARSA Optimization
Creators: name: Xavier, Eduardo S.
name: Agoulmine, Nazim
name: Martins, Joberto S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2; F.1.1; I.2

description: Network slicing is a crucial enabler to support the composition and deployment of virtual network infrastructures required by the dynamic behavior of networks like 5G/6G mobile networks, IoT-aware networks, e-health systems, and industry verticals like the internet of vehicles (IoV) and industry 4.0. The communication slices and their allocated communication resources are essential in slicing architectures for resource orchestration and allocation, virtual network function (VNF) deployment, and slice operation functionalities. The communication slices provide the communications capabilities required to support slice operation, SLA guarantees, and QoS/ QoE application requirements. Therefore, this contribution proposes a networking slicing conceptual model to formulate the optimization problem related to the sharing of communication resources among communication slices. First, we present a conceptual model of network slicing, we then formulate analytically some aspects of the model and the optimization problem to address. Next, we proposed to use a SARSA agent to solve the problem and implement a proof of concept prototype. Finally, we present the obtained results and discuss them.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, ADVANCE conference paper
Dual-rail encoding with superconducting cavities
Creators: name: Teoh, James D.
name: Winkel, Patrick
name: Babla, Harshvardhan K.
name: Chapman, Benjamin J.
name: Claes, Jahan
name: de Graaf, Stijn J.
name: Garmon, John W. O.
name: Kalfus, William D.
name: Lu, Yao
name: Maiti, Aniket
name: Sahay, Kaavya
name: Thakur, Neel
name: Tsunoda, Takahiro
name: Xue, Sophia H.
name: Frunzio, Luigi
name: Girvin, Steven M.
name: Puri, Shruti
name: Schoelkopf, Robert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The design of quantum hardware that reduces and mitigates errors is essential for practical quantum error correction (QEC) and useful quantum computation. To this end, we introduce the circuit-Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) dual-rail qubit in which our physical qubit is encoded in the single-photon subspace of two superconducting microwave cavities. The dominant photon loss errors can be detected and converted into erasure errors, which are in general much easier to correct. In contrast to linear optics, a circuit-QED implementation of the dual-rail code offers unique capabilities. Using just one additional transmon ancilla per dual-rail qubit, we describe how to perform a gate-based set of universal operations that includes state preparation, logical readout, and parametrizable single and two-qubit gates. Moreover, first-order hardware errors in the cavities and the transmon can be detected and converted to erasure errors in all operations, leaving background Pauli errors that are orders of magnitude smaller. Hence, the dual-rail cavity qubit exhibits a favorable hierarchy of error rates and is expected to perform well below the relevant QEC thresholds with today's coherence times.
Strict Inequalities for the $n$-crossing Number
Creators: name: Hagedorn, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In 2013, Adams introduced the $n$-crossing number of a knot $K$, denoted by $c_n(K)$. Inequalities between the $2$-, $3$-, $4$-, and $5$-crossing numbers have been previously established. We prove $c_9(K)\leq c_3(K)-2$ for all knots $K$ that are not the trivial, trefoil, or figure-eight knot. We show this inequality is optimal and obtain previously unknown values of $c_9(K)$. We generalize this inequality to prove that $c_{13}(K) < c_{5}(K)$ for a certain set of classes of knots.
The VMC Survey - XIV. First results on the look-back time star-formation rate tomography of the Small Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Rubele, Stefano
name: Girardi, Leo
name: Kerber, Leandro
name: Cioni, Maria-Rosa L.
name: Piatti, Andres E.
name: Zaggia, Simone
name: Bekki, Kenji
name: Bressan, Alessandro
name: Clementini, Gisella
name: de Grijs, Richard
name: Emerson, Jim P.
name: Groenewegen, Martin A. T.
name: Ivanov, Valentin D.
name: Marconi, Marcella
name: Marigo, Paola
name: Moretti, Maria-Ida
name: Ripepi, Vincenzo
name: Subramanian, Smitha
name: Tatton, Benjamin L.
name: van Loon, Jacco Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse deep images from the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Clouds in the YJKs filters, covering 14 sqrdeg (10 tiles), split into 120 subregions, and comprising the main body and Wing of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We apply a colour--magnitude diagram reconstruction method that returns their best-fitting star formation rate SFR(t), age-metallicity relation (AMR), distance and mean reddening, together with 68% confidence intervals. The distance data can be approximated by a plane tilted in the East-West direction with a mean inclination of 39 deg, although deviations of up to 3 kpc suggest a distorted and warped disk. After assigning to every observed star a probability of belonging to a given age-metallicity interval, we build high-resolution population maps. These dramatically reveal the flocculent nature of the young star-forming regions and the nearly smooth features traced by older stellar generations. They document the formation of the SMC Wing at ages <0.2 Gyr and the peak of star formation in the SMC Bar at 40 Myr. We clearly detect periods of enhanced star formation at 1.5 Gyr and 5 Gyr. The former is possibly related to a new feature found in the AMR, which suggests ingestion of metal-poor gas at ages slightly larger than 1 Gyr. The latter constitutes a major period of stellar mass formation. We confirm that the SFR(t) was moderately low at even older ages.
description: MNRAS accepted, 24 pages
CMZoom III: Spectral Line Data Release
Creators: name: Callanan, Daniel
name: Longmore, Steven N.
name: Battersby, Cara
name: Hatchfield, H. Perry
name: Walker, Daniel L.
name: Henshaw, Jonathan
name: Keto, Eric
name: Barnes, Ashley
name: Ginsburg, Adam
name: Kauffmann, Jens
name: Kruijssen, Diederik
name: Lu, Xing
name: Mills, Elisabeth A. C.
name: Pillai, Thushara
name: Zhang, Qizhou
name: Bally, John
name: Butterfield, Natalie
name: Contreras, Yanett A.
name: Ho, Luis C.
name: Immer, Katharina
name: Johnston, Katharine G.
name: Ott, Juergen
name: Patel, Nimesh
name: Tolls, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an overview and data release of the spectral line component of the SMA Large Program, \textit{CMZoom}. \textit{CMZoom} observed $^{12}$CO(2-1), $^{13}$CO(2-1) and C$^{18}$O(2-1), three transitions of H$_{2}$CO, several transitions of CH$_{3}$OH, two transitions of OCS and single transitions of SiO and SO, within gas above a column density of N(H$_2$)$\ge 10^{23}$\,cm$^{-2}$ in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ; inner few hundred pc of the Galaxy). We extract spectra from all compact 1.3\,mm \emph{CMZoom} continuum sources and fit line profiles to the spectra. We use the fit results from the H$_{2}$CO 3(0,3)-2(0,2) transition to determine the source kinematic properties. We find $\sim 90$\% of the total mass of \emph{CMZoom} sources have reliable kinematics. Only four compact continuum sources are formally self-gravitating. The remainder are consistent with being in hydrostatic equilibrium assuming that they are confined by the high external pressure in the CMZ. Based on the mass and density of virially bound sources, and assuming star formation occurs within one free-fall time with a star formation efficiency of $10\% - 75\%$, we place a lower limit on the future embedded star-formation rate of $0.008 - 0.06$\,M$_{\odot}$\,yr$^{-1}$. We find only two convincing proto-stellar outflows, ruling out a previously undetected population of very massive, actively accreting YSOs with strong outflows. Finally, despite having sufficient sensitivity and resolution to detect high-velocity compact clouds (HVCCs), which have been claimed as evidence for intermediate mass black holes interacting with molecular gas clouds, we find no such objects across the large survey area.
description: 44 pages, 41 figures
A review of technologies for rapid detection of bacteria in recreational waters
Creators: name: Weisberg, S.B.
name: Noble, R.T.
Publisher: name: IWA Publishing
Year: 2005

description: Monitoring of recreational beaches for fecal indicator bacteria is currently performed using culturebased technology that can require more than a day for laboratory analysis, during which time swimmers are at risk. Here we review new methods that have the potential to reduce the measurement period to less than an hour. These methods generally involve two steps. The first is target capture, in which the microbial group of interest (or some molecular/chemical/or biochemical signature of the group) is removed, tagged or amplified to differentiate it from the remaining material in the sample. We discuss three classes of capture methods: 1) Surface and whole-cell recognition methods, including immunoassay techniques and molecule-specific probes; 2) Nucleic acid methods, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR (Q-PCR), nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) and microarrays; and 3) Enzyme/substrate methods utilizing chromogenic or fluorogenic substrates. The second step is detection, in which optical, electrochemical or piezoelectric technologies are used to quantify the captured, tagged or amplified material. The biggest technological hurdle for all of these methods is sensitivity, as EPA's recommended bathing water standard is less than one cell per ml and most detection technologies measure sample volumes less than 1 ml. This challenge is being overcome through addition of preconcentration or enrichment steps, which have the potential to boost sensitivity without the need to develop new detector technology. The second hurdle is demonstrating a relationship to health risk, since most new methods are based on measuring cell structure without assessing viability and may not relate to current water quality standards that were developed in epidemiology studies using culture-based methods. Enzyme/substrate methods may be the first rapid methods adopted because they are based on the same capture technology as currentlyapproved EPA methods and their relationship to health risk can be established by demonstrating equivalency to existing procedures. Demonstration of equivalency may also be possible for some surface and whole-cell recognition methods that capture bacteria in a potentially viable state. Nucleic acid technologies are the most versatile, but measure nonviable structure and will require inclusion in epidemiological studies to link their measurement with health risk.
Additional file 3 of Unmarried Sri Lankan youth: sexual behaviour and contraceptive use
Creators: name: Kumarasinghe, Malith
name: De Silva, W. Indralal
name: de Silva, Ranjith
name: Suranga, M. Suchira
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Sample size calculation.
Use of viral pathogens and indicators to differentiate between human and non-human fecal contamination in a microbial source tracking comparison study
Creators: name: Chu, W.
name: Lovelace, G.L.
name: Blackwood, A.D.
name: Allen, S.M.
name: Wait, D.A.
name: Noble, R.T.
name: Jiang, S.C.
name: Sobsey, M.D.
name: Stewart, J.R.
Publisher: name: IWA Publishing
Year: 2003

description: Assays for the detection and typing of adenoviruses, enteroviruses and F+ specific coliphages were performed on samples created as part of a national microbial source tracking methods comparison study. The samples were created blind to the researchers, and were inoculated with a variety of types of fecal contamination source (human, sewage, dog, seagull and cow) and mixtures of sources. Viral tracer and pathogen assays demonstrated a general ability to discriminate human from non-human fecal contamination. For example, samples inoculated with sewage were correctly identified as containing human fecal contamination because they contained human adenovirus or human enterovirus. In samples containing fecal material from individual humans, human pathogen analysis yielded negative results probably because the stool samples were taken from healthy individuals. False positive rates for the virus-based methods (0-8%) were among the lowest observed during the methods comparison study. It is suggested that virus-based source tracking methods are useful for identification of sewage contamination, and that these methods may also be useful as an indication of the public health risk associated with viral pathogens. Overall, virus-based source tracking methods are an important approach to include in the microbial source tracking 'toolbox'.
Additional file 4 of Unmarried Sri Lankan youth: sexual behaviour and contraceptive use
Creators: name: Kumarasinghe, Malith
name: De Silva, W. Indralal
name: de Silva, Ranjith
name: Suranga, M. Suchira
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4: Table. Youth population, sample allocated and respondents by District/ Sector.
Filament Channel Formation Via Magnetic Helicity Condensation
Creators: name: Knizhnik, Kalman J.
name: Antiochos, Spiro K.
name: DeVore, C. Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A major unexplained feature of the solar atmosphere is the accumulation of magnetic shear, in the form of filament channels, at photospheric polarity inversion lines (PILs). In addition to free energy, this shear also represents magnetic helicity, which is conserved under reconnection. In this paper, we address the problem of filament channel formation and show how they acquire their shear and magnetic helicity. The results of 3D simulations using the Adaptively Refined Magnetohydrodynamics Solver (ARMS) are presented that support the model of filament channel formation by magnetic helicity condensation developed by \citet{Antiochos13}. We consider the supergranular twisting of a quasi-potential flux system that is bounded by a PIL and contains a coronal hole (CH). The magnetic helicity injected by the small-scale photospheric motions is shown to inverse-cascade up to the largest allowable scales that define the closed flux system: the PIL and the CH. This process produces field lines that are both sheared and smooth, and are sheared in opposite senses at the PIL and the CH. The accumulated helicity and shear flux are shown to be in excellent quantitative agreement with the helicity-condensation model. We present a detailed analysis of the simulations, including comparisons of our analytical and numerical results, and discuss their implications for observations.
description: Submitted to ApJ
Covariant orbital-spin scheme for any spin based on irreducible tensor
Creators: name: Jing, Hao-Jie
name: Ben, Di
name: Wu, Shu-Ming
name: Wu, Jia-Jun
name: Zou, Bing-Song
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In hadron spectrum physics, the partial wave analysis is a primary method used to extract properties of hadronic resonances. The covariant orbital-spin coupling scheme holds unique advantages over other partial wave methods due to its Lorentz covariant form and determined orbital-spin quantum numbers. This paper presents a general form of the covariant orbital-spin coupling scheme based on the irreducible tensor of the homogeneous proper Lorentz group and its little groups. A systematic procedure for constructing partial wave amplitude in a Lorentz covariant way is provided, which can be applied to both massive and massless particles. Specific examples are also included.
description: 37 pages and 2 figures
CDW and similarity of the Mott-Insulator-to-Metal transition in cuprates with the gas to liquid-liquid transition in supercooled water
Creators: name: Campi, G.
name: Innocenti, D.
name: Bianconi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New advances in x-ray diffraction, extended x-ray absorption fine structure EXAFS and x-ray absorption near edge structure XANES using synchrotron radiation have now provided compelling evidence for a short range charge density wave phase (CDW) called striped phase in the CuO2 plane of all cuprate high temperature superconductors. The CDW is associated with a bond order wave (BOW) and an orbital density wave (ODW) forming nanoscale puddles which coexist with superconducting puddles below Tc. The electronic CDW crystalline phase occurs around the hole doping 0.125 between the Mott charge transfer insulator, and the 2D metal. The Van der Waals (VdW) theoretical model for a liquid of anisotropic extended objects proposed for supercooled water is used to describe : a) the underdoped regime as a first spinodal regime of a slightly doped charge transfer Mott insulator puddles coexisting with the striped polaronic CDW puddles; and b) the optimum doping regime as a second spinodal regime where striped polaronic CDW puddles coexist with the normal 2D metal puddles. This complex phase separation with 3 competing phases depends on the strength of the anisotropic electron-phonon interaction that favors the formation striped polaronic CDW phase.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures, Superstripes 2014 Conference, Erice July 25-31 2014. appears in J Supercond Nov Magn (2015)
Additional file 1 of Pre-scan state anxiety is associated with greater right amygdala-hippocampal response to fearful versus happy faces among trait-anxious Latina girls
Creators: name: Díaz, Dana E.
name: Tseng, Wan-Ling
name: Michalska, Kalina J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
Internally Oxidized Nb3Sn Strands with Fine Grain Size and High Critical Current Density
Creators: name: Xu, Xingchen
name: Sumption, Michael D.
name: Peng, Xuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nb3Sn superconducting strands are the most practical conductors to generate high magnetic fields (12-16 T), and thus have significant applications in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and great potential for fusion reactors and particle accelerator magnets. High critical current density (Jc) is a key parameter for such applications. Significant efforts towards optimization of various factors led to an 80% improvement in Jc from the early 1990s to 2003, when the 4.2 K, 12 T non-matrix Jc reached 3000 A/mm2 (corresponding to 5000 A/mm2 in Nb3Sn layer Jc). However, further efforts over the past decade have failed to bring about further increase beyond this level, leading some researchers to conclude that the Jc of conventional Nb3Sn strands had reached its maximum. Here, however, by applying an internal oxidation method, we reduce the grain size by a factor of three and nearly double the 12 T Jc. In this method, a Nb3Sn strand is fabricated with Nb-Zr alloy as starting material; with oxygen supplied properly via an oxide powder, the Zr atoms in the Nb-Zr alloy are internally oxidized, forming fine intra-granular and inter-granular ZrO2 particles in Nb3Sn layer, which effectively refine Nb3Sn grain size. At a reaction temperature of 625 °C, grain size down to 20-50 nm (36 nm on average) has been achieved. For this sample the 4.2 K, 12 T Nb3Sn layer Jc reached 9600 A/mm2.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Advanced Materials, 2014
Additional file 5 of Unmarried Sri Lankan youth: sexual behaviour and contraceptive use
Creators: name: Kumarasinghe, Malith
name: De Silva, W. Indralal
name: de Silva, Ranjith
name: Suranga, M. Suchira
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 5: Table. Profile of youth respondents of age 15-24.
Proper time and conformal problem in Kaluza-Klein theory
Creators: name: Minguzzi, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the traditional Kaluza-Klein theory, the cylinder condition and the constancy of the extra-dimensional radius (scalar field) imply that timelike geodesics on the 5-dimensional bundle project to solutions of the Lorentz force equation on spacetime. This property is lost for non constant scalar fields, in fact there appear new terms that have been interpreted mainly as new forces or as due to a variable inertial mass and/or charge. Here we prove that the additional terms can be removed if we assume that charged particles are coupled with the same spacetime conformal structure of neutral particles but through a different conformal factor. As a consequence, in Kaluza-Klein theory the proper time of the charged particle might depend on the charge-to-mass ratio and the scalar field. Then we show that the compatibility between the equation of the projected geodesic and the classical limit of the Klein-Gordon equation fixes unambiguously the conformal factor of the coupling metric solving the `conformal ambiguity problem' of Kaluza-Klein theories. We confirm this result by explicitly constructing the projection of the Klein-Gordon equation and by showing that each Fourier mode, even for a variable scalar field, satisfies the Klein-Gordon equation on the base.
description: 17 pages
Storm effects on regional beach water quality along the southern California shoreline
Creators: name: Vainik, P.
name: Leecaster, M.K.
name: McGee, C.D.
name: Noble, R.T.
name: Dorsey, J.H.
name: Orozco-Borbón, V.
name: Weisberg, S.B.
Publisher: name: IWA Publishing
Year: 2003

description: Two regional studies conducted during dry weather demonstrated that the Southern California Bight (SCB) shoreline has good water quality, except near areas that drain land-based runoff. Here, we repeat those regional studies 36 h after a rainstorm to assess the influence of runoff under high flow conditions. Two hundred and fifty-four shoreline sites between Santa Barbara, California and Ensenada, Mexico were sampled using a stratified-random sampling design with four strata: sandy beaches, rocky shoreline, shoreline adjacent to urban runoff outlets that flow intermittently, and shoreline adjacent to outlets that flow year-round. Each site was sampled for total coliforms, fecal coliforms (or E. coli), and enterococci. Sixty percent of the shoreline failed water quality standards after the storm compared to only 6% during dry weather. Failure of water quality standards increased to more than 90% for shoreline areas adjacent to urban runoff outlets. During dry weather, most water quality failures occurred for only one of the three bacterial indicators and concentrations were barely above State of California standards; following the storm, most failures were for multiple indicators and exceeded State of California standards by a large margin. The condition of the shoreline in Mexico and the United States was similar following rainfall, which was not the case during dry weather.
Human adenoviruses and coliphages in urban runoff-impacted coastal waters of Southern California
Creators: name: Noble, R.
name: Chu, W.
name: Jiang, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: A nested-PCR method was used to detect the occurrence of human adenovirus in coastal waters of Southern California. Twentyto forty-liter water samples were collected from 12 beach locations from Malibu to the border of Mexico between February and March 1999. All sampling sites were located at mouths of major rivers and creeks. Two ultrafiltration concentration methods, tangential flow filtration (TFF) and vortex flow filtration (VFF), were compared using six environmental samples. Human adenoviruses were detected in 4 of the 12 samples tested after nucleic acid extraction of VFF concentrates. The most probable number of adenoviral genomes ranged from 880 to 7,500 per liter of water. Coliphages were detected at all sites, with the concentration varying from 5.3 to 3332 PFU/liter of water. F-specific coliphages were found at 5 of the 12 sites, with the concentration ranging from 5.5 to 300 PFU/liter. The presence of human adenovirus was not significantly correlated with the concentration of coliphage (r = 0.32) but was significantly correlated (r = 0.99) with F-specific coliphage. The bacterial indicators (total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and enterococci) were found to exceed California recreational water quality daily limits at 5 of the 12 sites. However, this excess of bacterial indicators did not correlate with the presence of human adenoviruses in coastal waters. The results of this study call for both a reevaluation of our current recreational water quality standards to reflect the viral quality of recreational waters and monitoring of recreational waters for human viruses on a regular basis.