cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Large-mass neutron stars with hyperonization
Creators: name: Jiang, Wei-Zhou
name: Li, Bao-An
name: Chen, Lie-Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within a density-dependent relativistic mean-field model using in-medium meson-hadron coupling constants and meson masses, we explore effects of in-medium hyperon interactions on properties of neutron stars. It is found that the hyperonic constituents in large-mass neutron stars can not be simply ruled out, while the recently measured mass of the millisecond pulsar J1614-2230 can constrain significantly the in-medium hyperon interactions. Moreover, effects of nuclear symmetry energy on hyperonization in neutron stars are also discussed.
Research Goes On: Post-Observatory Astronomy Resources In Helsinki
Creators: name: Isaksson, Eva
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: library development, collection metrics

description:

After the Helsinki Observatory was closed down in 2010, the resources available to astronomy underwent a radical change. One shelf kilometer of printed materials melted down to a small fraction by 2014. As for collection management and development, Helsinki University Library has replaced the former Department of Astronomy. Has the big change been to better or worse? The answer is sought with a variety of methods, including cited sources analysis for papers and theses, user surveys and an inventory of electronic resources. The results are compared to earlier ones from a 2004 assessment. The question posed by the author at the LISA VI conference regarding the trend of A&A citations after institutional merger is also revisited.
Exploring dark matter spike distribution around the Galactic centre with stellar orbits
Creators: name: Shen, Zhao-Qiang
name: Yuan, Guan-Wen
name: Jiang, Cheng-Zi
name: Tsai, Yue-Lin Sming
name: Yuan, Qiang
name: Fan, Yi-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precise measurements of the stellar orbits around Sagittarius A* have established the existence of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the Galactic centre (GC). Due to the interplay between the SMBH and dark matter (DM), the DM density profile in the innermost region of the Galaxy, which is crucial for the DM indirect detection, is still an open question. Among the most popular models in the literature, the theoretical spike profile proposed by Gondolo and Silk (1999; GS hereafter) is well adopted. In this work, we investigate the DM spike profile using updated data from the Keck and VLT telescopes considering that the presence of such an extended mass component may affect the orbits of the S-stars in the Galactic center. We examine the radius and slope of the generalized NFW spike profile, analyze the Einasto spike, and discuss the influence of DM annihilation on the results. Our findings indicate that an initial slope of $γ\gtrsim 0.92$ for the generalized NFW spike profile is ruled out at a 95% confidence level. Additionally, the spike radius $R_{\rm sp}$ larger than 21.5 pc is rejected at 95% probability for the Einasto spike with $α=0.17$, which also contradicts the GS spike model. The constraints with the VLT/GRAVITY upper limits are also projected. Although the GS NFW spike is well constrained by the Keck and VLT observation of S2, an NFW spike with a weak annihilation cusp may still be viable, as long as the DM annihilation cross section satisfies $\left< σv \right> \gtrsim 7.7\times 10^{-27}~{\rm cm^3\,s^{-1}} (m_{\rm DM}/100~{\rm GeV})$ at 95% level.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures and 1 table. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Computing loop corrections by message passing
Creators: name: Ramezanpour, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Any spanning tree in a loopy interaction graph can be used for communicating the effect of the loopy interactions by introducing messages that are passed along the edges in the spanning tree. This defines an exact mapping of the problem on the loopy interaction graph onto an extended problem on a tree interaction graph, where the thermodynamic quantities can be computed by a message-passing algorithm based on the Bethe equations. We propose an approximation loop correction algorithm for the Ising model relying on the above representation of the problem. The algorithm deals at the same time with the short and long loops, and can be used to obtain upper and lower bounds for the free energy.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, a bit expanded and typos corrected
Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution with Local Bell Test
Creators: name: Lim, Charles Ci Wen
name: Portmann, Christopher
name: Tomamichel, Marco
name: Renner, Renato
name: Gisin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) in its current design requires a violation of Bell's inequality between two honest parties, Alice and Bob, who are connected by a quantum channel. However, in reality, quantum channels are lossy, and this can be exploited for attacks based on the detection loophole. Here, we propose a novel approach to DIQKD that overcomes this limitation. In particular, based on a combination between an entropic uncertainty relation and the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) test, we design a DIQKD protocol where the CHSH test is carried out entirely in Alice's laboratory. Thus the loophole caused by channel losses is avoided.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Collective interference of composite two-fermion bosons
Creators: name: Tichy, Malte C.
name: Bouvrie, Peter Alexander
name: Mølmer, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The composite character of two-fermion bosons manifests itself in the interference of many composites as a deviation from the ideal bosonic behavior. A state of many composite bosons can be represented as a superposition of different numbers of perfect bosons and fermions, which allows us to provide the full Hong-Ou-Mandel-like counting statistics of interfering composites. Our theory quantitatively relates the deviation from the ideal bosonic interference pattern to the entanglement of the fermions within a single composite boson.
description: 5+4 pages, 4+2 figures, substantially revised, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
title: The stomach in health and disease: A comprehensive review of current knowledge and diagnostic approaches
Creators: name: Saad, Muhammad
name: Rasheed, Faisal
name: Ahmed, Safia
name: König, Simone
name: Aziz, Shahid
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 572 Biochemistry

description: The most important part of the gastrointestinal tract arguably is the stomach, as all the ingested food must pass through it. Gastric acid secretion with exclusive biological functions not only starts the process of digestion but also protects against food-borne pathogenic microorganisms as the first line of defense. Thus, the stomach is by no means simply a hollow sac of muscles, but a sophisticated organ of the endocrine system with roles in pathophysiology and immunology. The etiological agent for the most common chronic gastroduodenal pathologies including ulcers and stomach cancer is Helicobacter pylori, which may disrupt the morphology and the normal physiology of the stomach. In this literature review, recent developments concerning the stomach in disease or health are discussed including the advancement in the application of artificial intelligence-based tools in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer. We focus on topics such as stomach immunology, gastric physiology, and gastric microbiome. Additionally, the improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori-induced gastritis and its related diseases such as peptic ulcers and stomach cancer are discussed.
description: Der bedeutendste Teil des Gastrointestinaltraktes ist wohl der Magen, da ihn alle verdaute Nahrung passieren muss. Die Ausscheidung von Magensäure mit besonderen biologischen Funktionen startet nicht nur den Vorgang der Verdauung, sondern schützt auch gegen pathogene Mikroorganismen aus der Nahrung als erste Verteidigungslinie. Daher ist der Magen keinesfalls nur ein leerer Muskelsack, sondern ein komplexes Organ des endokrinen Systems mit Rollen in Pathophysiologie und Immunologie. Das ursächliche Agens für die meisten chronischen gastroduodenalen Pathologien einschließlich Geschwüren und Magenkrebs ist Helicobacter pylori, welches die Morphologie und normale Physiologie des Magens zerstören kann. In dieser Literaturübersicht werden die neuen Entwicklungen zu Magenkrankheiten diskutiert einschließlich der Fortschritte in der Anwendung von künstlicher Intelligenz für die Diagnose von beginnendem Magenkrebs. Wir fokussieren uns auf Themen wie die Immunologie des Magens, gastrische Physiologie, und das gastrische Mikrobiome. Auch werden die Verbesserungen in Diagnosis und Behandlung von H. pylori-induzierter Gastritis und verwandter Krankheiten wie peptischen Geschwüren und Magenkrebs diskutiert.
. Fișe de dicționar: Ștefana Velisar Teodoreanu, RITL Anul XIII, Serie nouă, nr. 1-4/ 2019, p. 107-114, ISSN 0034-8392.
Creators: name: Deutsch, Cristina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Central and Eastern European literature (incl. Russian)

description: Fișă de dicționar: Ștefana Velisar-Teodoreanu
Nuclear decay anomalies as a signature of axion dark matter
Creators: name: Zhang, Xin
name: Houston, Nick
name: Li, Tianjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A number of nuclear decay anomalies have been reported in the literature, which purport to show periodic variations in the decay rates of certain radioisotopes. If these reports reflect reality, they would necessitate a seismic shift in our understanding of fundamental physics. We provide the first mechanism to explain these findings, via the misalignment mechanism of QCD axion dark matter, wherein oscillations of the effective $θ$ angle induce periodic variation in nuclear binding energies and hence decay rates. As we expect this effect to be most pronounced in low-$Q$ systems, we analyse 12 years of tritium decay data ($Q\simeq$ 18.6 keV) taken at the European Commission's Joint Research Centre. Finding no statistically significant excess, we exclude axion decay constants below $9.4\times10^{12} - 1.8\times10^{10}$ GeV (95% confidence level) for masses in the $1.7\times{10}^{-23} - 8.7\times 10^{-21}$ eV range.
description: 5 pages plus supplementary material. V3: updated to match published version
Identifying Counterfactual Queries with the R Package cfid
Creators: name: Tikka, Santtu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the framework of structural causal models, counterfactual queries describe events that concern multiple alternative states of the system under study. Counterfactual queries often take the form of "what if" type questions such as "would an applicant have been hired if they had over 10 years of experience, when in reality they only had 5 years of experience?" Such questions and counterfactual inference in general are crucial, for example when addressing the problem of fairness in decision-making. Because counterfactual events contain contradictory states of the world, it is impossible to conduct a randomized experiment to address them without making several restrictive assumptions. However, it is sometimes possible to identify such queries from observational and experimental data by representing the system under study as a causal model, and the available data as symbolic probability distributions. Shpitser and Pearl (2007) constructed two algorithms, called ID* and IDC*, for identifying counterfactual queries and conditional counterfactual queries, respectively. These two algorithms are analogous to the ID and IDC algorithms by Shpitser and Pearl (2006) for identification of interventional distributions, which were implemented in R by Tikka and Karvanen (2017) in the causaleffect package. We present the R package cfid that implements the ID* and IDC* algorithms. Identification of counterfactual queries and the features of cfid are demonstrated via examples.
Quantum key distribution with realistic heralded single photon sources
Creators: name: Lasota, Mikolaj
name: Demkowicz-Dobrzanski, Rafal
name: Banaszek, Konrad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze theoretically performance of four-state quantum key distribution protocols implemented with a realistic heralded single-photon source. The analysis assumes a noisy model for the detector heralding generation of individual photons via spontaneous parametric down-conversion, including dark counts and imperfect photon number resolution. We identify characteristics of the heralding detector that defines the attainable cryptographic key rate and the maximum secure distance. Approximate analytical formulas are applied to multiplexed detection and compared with results of numerical calculations.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, some references added, minor corrections
Technical platform architecture for digital twins
Creators: name: Kallio, Aleksi
name: Martinovič, Tomáš
name: Trantas, Athanasios
name: Lazovik, Elena
name: Livenson, Ilja
name: Pleiter, Dirk
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Digital twin
Supercomputer
HPC
FAIR Digital Objects

description: The main consideration when creating the BioDT technical platform was enabling the developed digital twins (DT) deployable at different sites, making their integration simple, provisioning well-defined APIs, and supporting digital twin development. The poster was first presented at the BioDT Annual Meeting 2023, 13-14 June in Leiden, Netherlands. Visit the BioDT website
The Universal One-Loop Effective Action with Gravity
Creators: name: Larue, Rémy
name: Quevillon, Jérémie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We complete the so-called Universal One-Loop Effective Action (UOLEA) with effects of gravity and provide a systematic approach to incorporate higher dimensional operators in curved spacetime. The functional determinant stemming from the path integral is computed using the Covariant Derivative Expansion (CDE), in a momentum representation that does not rely on a specific choice of coordinate to be defined, as it often is. This very simple and efficient approach also manifests an interesting novelty as it allows to integrate out chiral fermions in curved spacetime in a direct manner. The presented method would very well fit in a code that performs CDE, offering the possibility to integrate out at one-loop fields on a curved spacetime background, including spin-2 fields, like the graviton. Eventually these results should provide an interesting way to study low energy effects of UV completions of gravity.
description: 38 pages, 4 tables
Hitting all Maximal Independent Sets of a Bipartite Graph
Creators: name: Cardinal, Jean
name: Joret, Gwenaël
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We prove that given a bipartite graph G with vertex set V and an integer k, deciding whether there exists a subset of V of size k hitting all maximal independent sets of G is complete for the class Sigma_2^P.
description: v3: minor change
Zwei spätantike Neufunde aus Riegel a. K., Kr. Emmendingen - Hinweise auf einen Militärposten?
Creators: name: Dreier, Christian
Publisher: name: Fundberichte aus Baden-Württemberg
Year: 2019

description: Fundberichte aus Baden-Württemberg, Bd. 23 (1999): Fundberichte aus Baden-Württemberg
Intersecting diametral balls induced by a geometric graph II
Creators: name: Barabanshchikova, Polina
name: Polyanskii, Alexandr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 51K99, 05C50, 51F99, 52C99, 05A99

description: For a graph whose vertices are points in $\mathbb R^d$, consider the closed balls with diameters induced by its edges. The graph is called a Tverberg graph if these closed balls intersect. A max-sum tree of a finite point set $X \subset \mathbb R^d$ is a tree with vertex set $X$ that maximizes the sum of Euclidean distances of its edges among all trees with vertex set $X$. Similarly, a max-sum matching of an even set $X \subset \mathbb R^d$ is a perfect matching of $X$ maximizing the sum of Euclidean distances between the matched points among all perfect matchings of $X$. We prove that a max-sum tree of any finite point set in $\mathbb R^d$ is a Tverberg graph, which generalizes a recent result of Abu-Affash et al., who established this claim in the plane. Additionally, we provide a new proof of a theorem by Bereg et al., which states that a max-sum matching of any even point set in the plane is a Tverberg graph. Moreover, we proved a slightly stronger version of this theorem.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Anomalous second-order skin modes in Floquet non-Hermitian systems
Creators: name: Liu, Chun-Hui
name: Hu, Haiping
name: Chen, Shu
name: Liu, Xiong-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-Hermitian skin effect under open boundary conditions is widely believed to originate from the intrinsic spectral topology under periodic boundary conditions. If the eigenspectra under periodic boundary conditions have no spectral windings (e.g., piecewise arcs) or a finite area on the complex plane, there will be no non-Hermitian skin effect with open boundaries. In this article, we demonstrate another scenario beyond this perception by introducing a two-dimensional periodically driven model. The effective Floquet Hamiltonian lacks intrinsic spectral topology and is proportional to the identity matrix (representing a single point on the complex plane) under periodic boundary conditions. Yet, the Floquet Hamiltonian exhibits a second-order skin effect that is robust against perturbations and disorder under open boundary conditions. We further reveal the dynamical origin of these second-order skin modes and illustrate that they are characterized by a dynamical topological invariant of the full time-evolution operator.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Zur frühalamannischen Siedlung nordwestlich der Altstadt von Kirchheim unter Teck, Kr. Esslingen
Creators: name: Schach-Dörges, Helga
Publisher: name: Fundberichte aus Baden-Württemberg
Year: 2019

description: Fundberichte aus Baden-Württemberg, Bd. 23 (1999): Fundberichte aus Baden-Württemberg
Chiral Transition Within Effective Quark Models Under Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Ferrari, Gabriel N.
name: Garcia, Andre F.
name: Pinto, Marcus B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the simplest versions of the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model and the Linear Sigma Model (LSM), in the Mean Field Approximation (MFA), in order to analyze hot and dense two flavor quark matter subject to strong magnetic fields. We pay especial attention to the case of a finite chemical potential, which has not yet been fully explored. Our results, for the NJL model, are in qualitative agreement with other recent applications showing that, for stronger fields, the first order segment of the transition line increases with the magnetic strength while the coexistence chemical potential value, at low temperatures, decreases. In the present work, one of the most important results is related to the analysis of how these features affect the phase coexistence region in the $T-ρ_B$ plane. We find that the coexistence boundary oscillates around the B=0 value for magnetic fields of the order $eB \lesssim 9.5\, m_π^2$ which can be understood by investigating the filling of Landau levels at vanishing temperature. So far, most investigations have been concerned with the effects of the magnetic field over the $T-μ$ plane only while other thermodynamical quantities such as the adiabats, the quark number susceptibility, the interaction measure and the latent heat have been neglected. Here, we take a step towards filling this gap by investigating the influence of a magnetic field over these quantities. Finally, we argue that a naive application of the MFA does not seem to be appropriate to treat the LSM in the presence of magnetic fields.
description: New results for the Linear Sigma Model with alternative parametrization. Recent references added
Besiedlungsschwankungen von der Latènezeit bis zum frühen Mittelalter im Spiegel südwestdeutscher Pollendiagramme
Creators: name: Smettan, Hans W.
Publisher: name: Fundberichte aus Baden-Württemberg
Year: 2019

description: Fundberichte aus Baden-Württemberg, Bd. 23 (1999): Fundberichte aus Baden-Württemberg
title: Oocyst development in the parasite Cryptosporidium parvum
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Sands, Emma
Publisher: name: University of Dundee
Year: 2023

description: Cryptosporidiosis is a major cause of deadly diarrhoeal disease worldwide. The disease is caused by the obligate intracellular parasite, Cryptosporidium. In 2016 alone, 48,000 childhood deaths were attributed to Cryptosporidium. Transmission occurs by faecal-oral infection with the environmentally resilient oocyst stage. Despite the importance of the oocysts in transmission, our understanding of oocyst biogenesis is lacking. Therefore, I aimed to identify new markers of key events throughout oocyst biogenesis.

Existing datasets were used to identify candidate female genes and CRISPR/Cas9 was used to generate stable fluorescent reporter strains. The first protein characterised was fibrillin, an inner oocyst wall protein. In females, fibrillin localised in wall forming bodies (WFBs) distinct from those containing Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein 1 (COWP1). Knockout (KO) of fibrillin confirmed the protein is not essential, but KO oocysts have a mild ‘wrinkly’ phenotype. Paradoxically, fibrillin KO oocysts conferred moderate tolerance to hydrogen peroxide treatment. Fibrillin is hypothesised to be a glycoprotein that can form disulphide cross-links and confer structural integrity to the inner oocyst wall.

The second protein characterised, amine oxidase 2 (AO2), is an ‘early’ female marker. AO2 is expressed before COWP1 and is the earliest marker of Cryptosporidium females based on current published literature. Expression is significantly decreased in oocysts and AO2 is not recommended as a marker of oocysts although it did localise to the inner oocyst wall. AO2 is hypothesised to be a cross-linking enzyme involved in wall formation.

The third protein characterised, control of complement protein 3 (CCP3) is expressed in females and throughout oocyst biogenesis. CCP3 localised to the crystalloid body in the posterior of sporozoites and to the residual body of oocysts. CCP3 is hypothesised to function during sporozoite division. Together these data provide new markers for oocyst biogenesis, giving better resolution of key events, and advance our knowledge of this important process in Cryptosporidium transmission.
Turbulent processes and mean-field dynamo
Creators: name: Brandenburg, Axel
name: Elstner, Detlef
name: Masada, Youhei
name: Pipin, Valery
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mean-field dynamo theory has important applications in solar physics and galactic magnetism. We discuss some of the many turbulence effects relevant to the generation of large-scale magnetic fields in the solar convection zone. The mean-field description is then used to illustrate the physics of the $α$ effect, turbulent pumping, turbulent magnetic diffusivity, and other effects on a modern solar dynamo model. We also discuss how turbulence transport coefficients are derived from local simulations of convection and then used in mean-field models.
description: 74 pages, 20 figures, 2 tables, Space Science Reviews, accepted, special issue "Solar and stellar dynamos: a new era" (corrected fig17)
Schwarzschild Mass Uncertainty
Creators: name: Davidson, Aharon
name: Yellin, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Applying Dirac's procedure to $r$-dependent constrained systems, we derive a reduced total Hamiltonian, resembling an upside down harmonic oscillator, which generates the Schwarzschild solution in the mini super-spacetime. Associated with the now $r$-dependent Schrodinger equation is a tower of localized Guth-Pi-Barton wave packets, orthonormal and non-singular, admitting equally spaced average-'energy' levels. Our approach is characterized by a universal quantum mechanical uncertainty structure which enters the game already at the flat spacetime level, and accompanies the massive Schwarzschild sector for any arbitrary mean mass. The average black hole horizon surface area is linearly quantized.
description: 5 two-column pages; v.2,3: Slight modifications (title and abstract included)
Spontaneous magnetization in presence of nanoscale inhomogeneities in diluted magnetic systems
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Akash
name: Wenk, Paul
name: Bouzerar, Richard
name: Bouzerar, Georges
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of nanoscale inhomogeneities has been experimentally evidenced in several diluted magnetic systems, which in turn often leads to interesting physical phenomena. However, a proper theoretical understanding of the underlying physics is lacking in most of the cases. Here we present a detailed and comprehensive theoretical study of the effects of nanoscale inhomogeneities on the temperature dependent spontaneous magnetization in diluted magnetic systems, which is found to exhibit an unusual and unconventional behavior. The effects of impurity clustering on the magnetization response have hardly been studied until now. We show that nanosized clusters of magnetic impurities can lead to drastic effects on the magnetization compared to that of homogeneously diluted compounds. The anomalous nature of the magnetization curves strongly depends on the relative concentration of the inhomogeneities as well as the effective range of the exchange interactions. In addition we also provide a systematic discussion of the nature of the distributions of the local magnetization.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, 4 new references added and Text modified to match the published version
Generating realistic data for developing artificial neural network based SOC estimators for electric vehicles
Creators: name: Kalk, Alexis
name: Birkholz, Oleg
name: Zhang, Jiaming
name: Kupper, Christian
name: Hiller, Marc
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2023
Subjects: State of Charge
Artificial Neural Networks
Realistic Driving Cycle
SOC Estimation
Lithium-Ion Battery

description: Tracking the state of a lithium-ion battery in an electric vehicle (EV) is a challenging task. In order to tackle one aspect of this task, we choose a data-driven approach for estimating the State of Charge (SOC), which is one of the most import parameters. In this context, the quality of the provided data is of utmost importance. Usually, standardized driving profiles are used to generate current profiles which are then applied to battery cells during testing. However, these standardized driving profiles exhibit significant deviation from real-world conditions, which can considerably affect the learning and validation performance of data-driven approaches. In this paper, we first propose a test profile generator which generates realistic current profiles for EV battery testing. Second, to demonstrate the effect of the proposed test profiles a multilayer perceptron (MLP) based SOC estimator is presented. Finally, we compare the results to the standardized driving profiles.
Statistical analysis of sizes and shapes of virus capsids and their resulting elastic properties
Creators: name: Bozic, Anze Losdorfer
name: Siber, Antonio
name: Podgornik, Rudolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: From the analysis of sizes of approximately 130 small icosahedral viruses we find that there is a typical structural capsid protein, having a mean diameter of 5 nm and a mean thickness of 3 nm, with more than two thirds of the analyzed capsid proteins having thicknesses between 2 nm and 4 nm. To investigate whether, in addition to the fairly conserved geometry, capsid proteins show similarities in the way they interact with one another, we examined the shapes of the capsids in detail. We classified them numerically according to their similarity to sphere and icosahedron and an interpolating set of shapes in between, all of them obtained from the theory of elasticity of shells. In order to make a unique and straightforward connection between an idealized, numerically calculated shape of an elastic shell and a capsid, we devised a special shape fitting procedure, the outcome of which is the idealized elastic shape fitting the capsid best. Using such a procedure we performed statistical analysis of a series of virus shapes and we found similarities between the capsid elastic properties of even very different viruses. As we explain in the paper, there are both structural and functional reasons for the convergence of protein sizes and capsid elastic properties. Our work presents a specific quantitative scheme to estimate relatedness between different proteins based on the details of the (quaternary) shape they form (capsid). As such, it may provide an information complementary to the one obtained from the studies of other types of protein similarity, such as the overall composition of structural elements, topology of the folded protein backbone, and sequence similarity.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures; accepted for publication in J Biol Phys
Bootstrapping multiple systems estimates to account for model selection
Creators: name: Silverman, Bernard W.
name: Chan, Lax
name: Vincent, Kyle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62F40

description: Multiple systems estimation using a Poisson loglinear model is a standard approach to quantifying hidden populations where data sources are based on lists of known cases. Information criteria are often used for selecting between the large number of possible models. Confidence intervals are often reported conditional on the model selected, providing an over-optimistic impression of estimation accuracy. A bootstrap approach is a natural way to account for the model selection. However, because the model selection step has to be carried out for every bootstrap replication, there may be a high or even prohibitive computational burden. We explore the merit of modifying the model selection procedure in the bootstrap to look only among a subset of models, chosen on the basis of their information criterion score on the original data. This provides large computational gains with little apparent effect on inference. We also incorporate rigorous and economical ways of approaching issues of the existence of estimators when applying the method to sparse data tables.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables
F.-O. Touati, Maladie et société au Moyen Âge. La lèpre, les lépreux et les léproseries dans la province ecclésiastique de Sens jusqu'au milieu du XIVe siècle, 1998
Creators: name: Dufour, J.
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: -
description: Francia, Bd. 26 Nr. 1 (1999)
Metodología de Auditoría Retributiva - OMD HR Consulting
Creators: name: Rivas Alejandro
name: Rivas, Marcos
name: Guimera, Manuel
name: Vega, Cristóbal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: brecha salarial
discriminación
auditoría retributiva
metodología alternativa

description: La brecha salarial de género, y la parte no explicada de ésta, entendida como discriminación, es un tema importante en la economía laboral. Durante las últimas décadas, se han presentados varios métodos para la descomposición de la brecha salarial. Pero los procedimientos de estas desagregaciones no han satisfecho las necesidades de auditoría de las empresas. En especial, ninguna de las descomposiciones revisadas en la literatura identifica a las personas con ingresos atípicos con respecto a la práctica retributiva; datos que son de suma importancia para las auditorías. Este trabajo presenta una metodología alternativa, basada en la descomposición de Ñopo, que resuelve estos problemas. Los resultados obtenidos, a partir de la experiencia empírica de OMD HR Consulting, nos permiten concluir que es una metodología sumamente útil para ser utilizada en auditorías retributivas, que son necesarias para las empresas, con el fin de dar cumplimiento a las recientes normativas legales en materia laboral.
Abstraqt: Analysis of Quantum Circuits via Abstract Stabilizer Simulation
Creators: name: Bichsel, Benjamin
name: Paradis, Anouk
name: Baader, Maximilian
name: Vechev, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Stabilizer simulation can efficiently simulate an important class of quantum circuits consisting exclusively of Clifford gates. However, all existing extensions of this simulation to arbitrary quantum circuits including non-Clifford gates suffer from an exponential runtime. To address this challenge, we present a novel approach for efficient stabilizer simulation on arbitrary quantum circuits, at the cost of lost precision. Our key idea is to compress an exponential sum representation of the quantum state into a single abstract summand covering (at least) all occurring summands. This allows us to introduce an abstract stabilizer simulator that efficiently manipulates abstract summands by over-approximating the effect of circuit operations including Clifford gates, non-Clifford gates, and (internal) measurements. We implemented our abstract simulator in a tool called Abstraqt and experimentally demonstrate that Abstraqt can establish circuit properties intractable for existing techniques.
description: 22 pages
On separable states in relativistic quantum field theory
Creators: name: Sanders, Ko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We initiate an investigation into separable, but physically reasonable, states in relativistic quantum field theory. In particular we will consider the minimum amount of energy density needed to ensure the existence of separable states between given spacelike separated regions. This is a first step towards improving our understanding of the balance between entanglement entropy and energy (density), which is of great physical interest in its own right and also in the context of black hole thermodynamics. We will focus concretely on a linear scalar quantum field in a topologically trivial, four-dimensional globally hyperbolic spacetime. For rather general spacelike separated regions $A$ and $B$ we prove the existence of a separable quasi-free Hadamard state. In Minkowski spacetime we provide a tighter construction for massive free scalar fields: given any $R>0$ we construct a quasi-free Hadamard state which is stationary, homogeneous, spatially isotropic and separable between any two regions in an inertial time slice $t=\mathrm{const.}$ all of whose points have a distance $>R$. We also show that the normal ordered energy density of these states can be made $\le 10^{31}\frac{m^4}{(mR)^8}e^{-\frac14mR}$ (in Planck units). To achieve these results we use a rather explicit construction of test-functions $f$ of positive type for which we can get sufficient control on lower bounds on $\hat{f}$.
description: v2: minor changes after peer review
The Outage Probability of a Finite Ad Hoc Network in Nakagami Fading
Creators: name: Torrieri, Don
name: Valenti, Matthew C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An ad hoc network with a finite spatial extent and number of nodes or mobiles is analyzed. The mobile locations may be drawn from any spatial distribution, and interference-avoidance protocols or protection against physical collisions among the mobiles may be modeled by placing an exclusion zone around each radio. The channel model accounts for the path loss, Nakagami fading, and shadowing of each received signal. The Nakagami m-parameter can vary among the mobiles, taking any positive value for each of the interference signals and any positive integer value for the desired signal. The analysis is governed by a new exact expression for the outage probability, defined to be the probability that the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) drops below a threshold, and is conditioned on the network geometry and shadowing factors, which have dynamics over much slower timescales than the fading. By averaging over many network and shadowing realizations, the average outage probability and transmission capacity are computed. Using the analysis, many aspects of the network performance are illuminated. For example, one can determine the influence of the choice of spreading factors, the effect of the receiver location within the finite network region, and the impact of both the fading parameters and the attenuation power laws.
description: to appear in IEEE Transactions on Communications
R. Berndt (éd.), Das Frankfurter Konzil von 794. Kristallisationspunkt karolingischer Kultur. Akten zweier Symposien (vom 23. bis 27. Februar und vom 13. bis 15. Oktober 1994) anläßlich der 1200-Jahrfeier der Stadt Frankfurt am Main. Teil I: Politik und Kirche. II: Kultur und Theologie, 1997
Creators: name: Henriet, P.
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: Francia, Bd. 26 Nr. 1 (1999)
Statistical Tools and Methodologies for Ultrareliable Low-Latency Communications -- A Tutorial
Creators: name: López, Onel
name: Mahmood, Nurul
name: Shehab, Mohammad
name: Alves, Hirley
name: Rosabal, Osmel
name: Marata, Leatile
name: Latva-aho, Matti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) constitutes a key service class of the fifth generation and beyond cellular networks. Notably, designing and supporting URLLC poses a herculean task due to the fundamental need to identify and accurately characterize the underlying statistical models in which the system operates, e.g., interference statistics, channel conditions, and the behavior of protocols. In general, multi-layer end-to-end approaches considering all the potential delay and error sources and proper statistical tools and methodologies are inevitably required for providing strong reliability and latency guarantees. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge in the latter aspect by providing a tutorial on several statistical tools and methodologies that are useful for designing and analyzing URLLC systems. Specifically, we overview the frameworks related to i) reliability theory, ii) short packet communications, iii) inequalities, distribution bounds, and tail approximations, iv) rare events simulation, vi) queuing theory and information freshness, and v) large-scale tools such as stochastic geometry, clustering, compressed sensing, and mean-field games. Moreover, we often refer to prominent data-driven algorithms within the scope of the discussed tools/methodologies. Throughout the paper, we briefly review the state-of-the-art works using the addressed tools and methodologies, and their link to URLLC systems. Moreover, we discuss novel application examples focused on physical and medium access control layers. Finally, key research challenges and directions are highlighted to elucidate how URLLC analysis/design research may evolve in the coming years.
description: Accepted in IEEE Proceedings of the IEEE. 40 pages, 20 figures, 11 tables
On the evolution of the HI column density distribution in cosmological simulations
Creators: name: Rahmati, Alireza
name: Pawlik, Andreas H.
name: Raičević, Milan
name: Schaye, Joop
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a set of cosmological simulations combined with radiative transfer calculations to investigate the distribution of neutral hydrogen in the post-reionization Universe. We assess the contributions from the metagalactic ionizing background, collisional ionization and diffuse recombination radiation to the total ionization rate at redshifts z=0-5. We find that the densities above which hydrogen self-shielding becomes important are consistent with analytic calculations and previous work. However, because of diffuse recombination radiation, whose intensity peaks at the same density, the transition between highly ionized and self-shielded regions is smoother than what is usually assumed. We provide fitting functions to the simulated photoionization rate as a function of density and show that post-processing simulations with the fitted rates yields results that are in excellent agreement with the original radiative transfer calculations. The predicted neutral hydrogen column density distributions agree very well with the observations. In particular, the simulations reproduce the remarkable lack of evolution in the column density distribution of Lyman limit and weak damped Lyα systems below z = 3. The evolution of the low column density end is affected by the increasing importance of collisional ionization with decreasing redshift. On the other hand, the simulations predict the abundance of strong damped Lyα systems to broadly track the cosmic star formation rate density.
description: 21 pages (including 6 pages for references and appendixes), 13 figures; Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Two-Beam Spin Noise Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Pershin, Yuriy V.
name: Slipko, Valeriy A.
name: Roy, Dibyendu
name: Sinitsyn, Nikolai A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method of two-beam spin noise spectroscopy to test the spin transport at equilibrium via analysis of correlations between time-shifted spin fluctuations at different space locations. This method allows one to determine the strength of spin-orbit interaction and spin relaxation time and separate spin noise of conducting electrons from the background noise of localized electrons. We formulate a theory of two-beam spin noise spectroscopy in semiconductor wires with Bychkov-Rashba spin-orbit interaction taking into account several possible spin relaxation channels and finite size of laser beams. Our theory predicts a peak shift with respect to the Larmor frequency to higher or lower frequencies depending on the strength of spin orbit interaction and distance between the beams. The two-beam spin noise spectroscopy could find applications in experimental studies of semiconductors, emergent materials and many other systems.
Spectral representation of Matsubara n-point functions: Exact kernel functions and applications
Creators: name: Halbinger, Johannes
name: Schneider, Benedikt
name: Sbierski, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the field of quantum many-body physics, the spectral (or Lehmann) representation simplifies the calculation of Matsubara n-point correlation functions if the eigensystem of a Hamiltonian is known. It is expressed via a universal kernel function and a system- and correlator-specific product of matrix elements. Here we provide the kernel functions in full generality, for arbitrary n, arbitrary combinations of bosonic or fermionic operators and an arbitrary number of anomalous terms. As an application, we consider bosonic 3- and 4-point correlation functions for the fermionic Hubbard atom and a free spin of length S, respectively.
description: close to published version
Structural transitions in sheared electrically stabilized colloidal crystals
Creators: name: Kaldasch, Joachim
name: Senge, Bernhard
name: Laven, Jos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Landau theory is presented for the structural transition of electrically stabilized colloidal crystals under shear. The model suggests that a structural transition from an ordered layered colloidal crystal into a disordered structure occurs at a critical shear stress. The shear induced structural transition is related to a change of the rheological properties caused by the variation of the microstructure which can be verified by scattering experiments. The theory is used to establish the shape of the flow curves. A good qualitative agreement with experimental results can be achieved, while a scaling relation similar to the elastic scaling is established.
description: 7 pages