In situ estimation of ice crystal properties at the South Pole using LED calibration data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
Creators: name: Abbasi, Rasha
name: Ackermann, Markus
name: Adams, Jenni
name: Aggarwal, Nakul
name: Aguilar, Juanan
name: Ahlers, Markus
name: Ahrens, Maryon
name: Alameddine, Jean-Marco
name: Alves Junior, Antonio Augusto
name: Amin, Najia Moureen Binte
name: Andeen, Karen
name: Anderson, Tyler
name: Anton, Gisela
name: Argüelles, Carlos
name: Ashida, Yosuke
name: Athanasiadou, Sofia
name: Axani, Spencer
name: Bai, Xinhua
name: Balagopal V, Aswathi
name: Baricevic, Moreno
name: Barwick, Steve
name: Basu, Vedant
name: Bay, Ryan
name: Beatty, James
name: Becker, Karl Heinz
name: Becker Tjus, Julia
name: Beise, Jakob
name: Bellenghi, Chiara
name: Benda, Samuel
name: BenZvi, Segev
name: Berley, David
name: Bernardini, Elisa
name: Besson, Dave
name: Binder, Gary
name: Bindig, Daniel
name: Blaufuss, Erik
name: Blot, Summer
name: Bontempo, Federico
name: Book, Julia
name: Borowka, Jürgen
name: Boscolo Meneguolo, Caterina
name: Böser, Sebastian
name: Botner, Olga
name: Böttcher, Jakob
name: Bourbeau, Etienne
name: Braun, Jim
name: Brinson, Bennett
name: Brostean-Kaiser, Jannes
name: Burley, Ryan
name: Busse, Raffaela
name: Campana, Michael
name: Carnie-Bronca, Erin
name: Chen, Chujie
name: Chen, Zheyang
name: Chirkin, Dmitry
name: Choi, Koun
name: Clark, Brian
name: Classen, Lew
name: Coleman, Alan
name: Collin, Gabriel
name: Connolly, Amy
name: Conrad, Janet
name: Coppin, Paul
name: Correa, Pablo
name: Countryman, Stefan
name: Cowen, Doug
name: Cross, Robert
name: Dappen, Christian
name: Dave, Pranav
name: De Clercq, Catherine
name: DeLaunay, James
name: Delgado López, Diyaselis
name: Dembinski, Hans
name: Deoskar, Kunal
name: Desai, Abhishek
name: Desiati, Paolo
name: De Vries, Krijn
name: De Wasseige, Gwenhael
name: DeYoung, Tyce
name: Diaz, Alejandro
name: Díaz-Vélez, Juan Carlos
name: Dittmer, Markus
name: Dujmovic, Hrvoje
name: DuVernois, Michael
name: Ehrhardt, Thomas
name: Eller, Philipp
name: Engel, Ralph
name: Erpenbeck, Hannah
name: Evans, John
name: Evenson, Paul
name: Fan, Kwok Lung
name: Fazely, Ali
name: Fedynitch, Anatoli
name: Feigl, Nora
name: Fiedlschuster, Sebastian
name: Fienberg, Aaron
name: Finley, Chad
name: Fischer, Leander
name: Fox, Derek
name: Franckowiak, Anna
name: Friedman, Elizabeth
name: Fritz, Alexander
name: Fürst, Philipp
name: Gaisser, Tom
name: Gallagher, Jay
name: Ganster, Erik
name: Garcia, Alfonso
name: Garrappa, Simone
name: Gerhardt, Lisa
name: Ghadimi, Ava
name: Glaser, Christian
name: Glüsenkamp, Thorsten
name: Glauch, Theo
name: Goehlke, Noah
name: Gonzalez, Javier
name: Goswami, Sreetama
name: Grant, Darren
name: Gray, Shannon
name: Grégoire, Timothée
name: Griswold, Spencer
name: Günther, Christoph
name: Gutjahr, Pascal
name: Haack, Christian
name: Hallgren, Allan
name: Halliday, Robert
name: Halve, Lasse
name: Halzen, Francis
name: Hamdaoui, Hassane
name: Ha Minh, Martin
name: Hanson, Kael
name: Hardin, John
name: Harnisch, Alexander
name: Hatch, Patrick
name: Haungs, Andreas
name: Helbing, Klaus
name: Hellrung, Jonas
name: Henningsen, Felix
name: Heuermann, Lars
name: Hickford, Stephanie
name: Hill, Colton
name: Hill, Gary
name: Hoffman, Kara
name: Hoshina, Kotoyo
name: Hou, Wenjie
name: Huber, Thomas
name: Hultqvist, Klas
name: Hünnefeld, Mirco
name: Hussain, Raamis
name: Hymon, Karolin
name: In, Seongjin
name: Iovine, Nadege
name: Ishihara, Aya
name: Jansson, Matti
name: Japaridze, George
name: Jeong, Minjin
name: Jin, Miaochen
name: Jones, Ben
name: Kang, Donghwa
name: Kang, Woosik
name: Kang, Xinyue
name: Kappes, Alexander
name: Kappesser, David
name: Kardum, Leonora
name: Karg, Timo
name: Karl, Martina
name: Karle, Albrecht
name: Katz, Uli
name: Kauer, Matt
name: Kelley, John
name: Kheirandish, Ali
name: Kin, Ken'ichi
name: Kiryluk, Joanna
name: Klein, Spencer
name: Kochocki, Alina
name: Koirala, Ramesh
name: Kolanoski, Hermann
name: Kontrimas, Tomas
name: Köpke, Lutz
name: Kopper, Claudio
name: Koskinen, Jason
name: Koundal, Paras
name: Kovacevich, Michael
name: Kowalski, Marek
name: Kozynets, Tetiana
name: Krupczak, Emmett
name: Kun, Emma
name: Kurahashi, Naoko
name: Lad, Neha
name: Lagunas Gualda, Cristina
name: Larson, Michael
name: Lauber, Frederik
name: Lazar, Jeffrey
name: Lee, Jiwoong
name: Leonard, Kayla
name: Leszczyńska, Agnieszka
name: Lincetto, Massimiliano
name: Liu, Qinrui
name: Liubarska, Maria
name: Lohfink, Elisa
name: Love, Christina
name: Lozano Mariscal, Cristian Jesus
name: Lu, Lu
name: Lucarelli, Francesco
name: Ludwig, Andrew
name: Luszczak, William
name: Lyu, Yang
name: Ma, Wing Yan
name: Madsen, Jim
name: Mahn, Kendall
name: Makino, Yuya
name: Mancina, Sarah
name: Marie Sainte, Wenceslas
name: Mariş, Ioana
name: Marka, Szabolcs
name: Marka, Zsuzsa
name: Marsee, Matthew
name: Martinez-Soler, Ivan
name: Maruyama, Reina
name: McElroy, Thomas
name: McNally, Frank
name: Mead, James Vincent
name: Meagher, Kevin
name: Mechbal, Sarah
name: Medina, Andres
name: Meier, Maximilian
name: Meighen-Berger, Stephan
name: Merckx, Yarno
name: Micallef, Jessie
name: Mockler, Daniela
name: Montaruli, Teresa
name: Moore, Roger
name: Morse, Bob
name: Moulai, Marjon
name: Mukherjee, Tista
name: Naab, Richard
name: Nagai, Ryo
name: Naumann, Uwe
name: Nayerhoda, Amid
name: Necker, Jannis
name: Neumann, Miriam
name: Niederhausen, Hans
name: Nisa, Mehr
name: Nowicki, Sarah
name: Obertacke Pollmann, Anna
name: Oehler, Marie
name: Oeyen, Bob
name: Olivas, Alex
name: Orsoe, Rasmus
name: Osborn, Jesse
name: O'Sullivan, Erin
name: Pandya, Hershal
name: Pankova, Daria
name: Park, Nahee
name: Parker, Grant
name: Paudel, Ek Narayan
name: Paul, Larissa
name: Pérez De Los Heros, Carlos
name: Peters, Lilly
name: Peterson, Josh
name: Philippen, Saskia
name: Pieper, Sarah
name: Pizzuto, Alex
name: Plum, Matthias
name: Popovych, Yuiry
name: Porcelli, Alessio
name: Prado Rodriguez, Maria
name: Pries, Brandon
name: Procter-Murphy, Rachel
name: Przybylski, Gerald
name: Raab, Christoph
name: Rack-Helleis, John
name: Rameez, Mohamed
name: Rawlins, Katherine
name: Rechav, Zoe
name: Rehman, Abdul
name: Reichherzer, Patrick
name: Renzi, Giovanni
name: Resconi, Elisa
name: Reusch, Simeon
name: Rhode, Wolfgang
name: Richman, Mike
name: Riedel, Benedikt
name: Roberts, Ella
name: Robertson, Sally
name: Rodan, Steven
name: Roellinghoff, Gerrit
name: Rongen, Martin
name: Rott, Carsten
name: Ruhe, Tim
name: Ruohan, Li
name: Ryckbosch, Dirk
name: Rysewyk Cantu, Devyn
name: Safa, Ibrahim
name: Saffer, Julian
name: Salazar-Gallegos, Daniel
name: Sampathkumar, Pranav
name: Sanchez Herrera, Sebastian
name: Sandrock, Alexander
name: Santander, Marcos
name: Sarkar, Sourav
name: Sarkar, Subir
name: Schaufel, Merlin
name: Schieler, Harald
name: Schindler, Sebastian
name: Schlüter, Berit
name: Schmidt, Torsten
name: Schneider, Judith
name: Schröder, Frank
name: Schumacher, Lisa
name: Schwefer, Georg
name: Sclafani, Steve
name: Seckel, Dave
name: Seunarine, Surujhdeo
name: Sharma, Ankur
name: Shefali, Shefali
name: Shimizu, Nobuhiro
name: Silva, Manuel
name: Skrzypek, Barbara
name: Smithers, Ben
name: Snihur, Robert
name: Soedingrekso, Jan
name: Søgaard, Andreas
name: Soldin, Dennis
name: Spannfellner, Christian
name: Spiczak, Glenn
name: Spiering, Christian
name: Stamatikos, Michael
name: Stanev, Todor
name: Stein, Robert
name: Stezelberger, Thorsten
name: Stürwald, Timo
name: Stuttard, Thomas
name: Sullivan, Greg
name: Taboada, Ignacio
name: Ter-Antonyan, Samvel
name: Thompson, Will
name: Thwaites, Jessie
name: Tilav, Serap
name: Tollefson, Kirsten
name: Tönnis, Christoph
name: Toscano, Simona
name: Tosi, Delia
name: Trettin, Alexander
name: Tung, Chun Fai
name: Turcotte, Roxanne
name: Twagirayezu, Jean Pierre
name: Ty, Bunheng
name: Unland Elorrieta, Martin
name: Upshaw, Karriem
name: Valtonen-Mattila, Nora
name: Vandenbroucke, Justin
name: Van Eijndhoven, Nick
name: Vannerom, David
name: Van Santen, Jakob
name: Vara, Javi
name: Veitch-Michaelis, Joshua
name: Verpoest, Stef
name: Veske, Doga
name: Walck, Christian
name: Wang, Winnie
name: Watson, Timothy Blake
name: Weaver, Chris
name: Weigel, Philip
name: Weindl, Andreas
name: Weldert, Jan
name: Wendt, Chris
name: Werthebach, Johannes
name: Weyrauch, Mark
name: Whitehorn, Nathan
name: Wiebusch, Christopher
name: Willey, Nathan
name: Williams, Dawn
name: Wolf, Martin
name: Wrede, Gerrit
name: Wulff, Johan
name: Xu, Xianwu
name: Yanez, Juan Pablo
name: Yildizci, Emre
name: Yoshida, Shigeru
name: Yu, Shiqi
name: Yuan, Tianlu
name: Zhang, Zelong
name: Zhelnin, Pavel
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: 530 Physik

description: The IceCube Neutrino Observatory instruments about 1 km3 of deep, glacial ice at the geographic South Pole. It uses 5160 photomultipliers to detect Cherenkov light emitted by charged relativistic particles. An unexpected light propagation effect observed by the experiment is an anisotropic attenuation, which is aligned with the local flow direction of the ice. We examine birefringent light propagation through the polycrystalline ice microstructure as a possible explanation for this effect. The predictions of a first-principles model developed for this purpose, in particular curved light trajectories resulting from asymmetric diffusion, provide a qualitatively good match to the main features of the data. This in turn allows us to deduce ice crystal properties. Since the wavelength of the detected light is short compared to the crystal size, these crystal properties include not only the crystal orientation fabric, but also the average crystal size and shape, as a function of depth. By adding small empirical corrections to this first-principles model, a quantitatively accurate description of the optical properties of the IceCube glacial ice is obtained. In this paper, we present the experimental signature of ice optical anisotropy observed in IceCube light-emitting diode (LED) calibration data, the theory and parameterization of the birefringence effect, the fitting procedures of these parameterizations to experimental data, and the inferred crystal properties.