title: Ð­ÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ð´ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹ Ð² ÐºÐ°ÑÐµÑÑÐ²Ðµ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹ Ð² Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¾-Ð²Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÐµÐ°ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐ°Ñ (ÐÐÐ­Ð )
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° ÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Efficiency of using nanofluids as coolants in water-water power reactors (VVER)
Creators: name: Ð¨ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐ±ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹, ÐÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ÑÐ°
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2025
Subjects: Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ð´ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐ¸
ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ»Ð¸
Ð²Ð²ÑÑ
ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð´ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ°ÑÑÑÑ
Ð½ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾-ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ°ÑÑÑÑ
Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÑÑ
nanofluids
heat carriers
vver
thermohydraulic calculation
neutron physics calculation
nuclear power plant safety

description: ÐÐºÑÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð° Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¸ Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐ´ÐµÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ðº (Ð¯Ð­Ð£). Ð¢ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ»Ð¸, ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ðµ ÐºÐ°Ðº Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð°, Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑÑ Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ²Ð°, ÑÑÐ¾ ÑÑÐ¸Ð¼ÑÐ»Ð¸ÑÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¸ÑÐº Ð°Ð»ÑÑÐµÑÐ½Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹. ÐÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ð´ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐ¸, Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÑÑÑÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÑÐ¿ÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ð¸ Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð² Ð±Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¶Ð¸Ð´ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐ¸, Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð´Ð°ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ Ð¸ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ÑÑ ÑÑÐ°ÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑÑÐ¿ÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÐ¼ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¼ Ð² Ð¯Ð­Ð£. Ð¦ÐµÐ»Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ â Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ð´ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹ Ð½Ð° ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ Ð¸ Ð½ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾-ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐ°ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐµÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð·Ð¾Ð½Ñ ÐÐÐ­Ð . ÐÐ»Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐµÐ»Ð¸ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐ»ÐµÐ´ÑÑÑÐ¸Ðµ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸: Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÑÐ½ Ð¾Ð±Ð·Ð¾Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ°ÑÑÑÑ, Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð¸ÐºÐ¾-ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ²Ð° Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ð´ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹, Ð²ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð´ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¸ Ð½ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾-ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ°ÑÑÑÑÑ Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð·Ð¾Ð½Ñ, Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¾ ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ñ ÑÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÐ¼ Ð²Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ½ÑÐ¼ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¼ Ð¸ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¾ Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð½Ð° Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¯Ð­Ð£. Ð ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐµÐ¾ÑÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¾ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹, Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ»Ð°ÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ, ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð¸ÐºÐ¾-ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ²Ð°, Ð¿ÑÐµÐ¸Ð¼ÑÑÐµÑÑÐ²Ð° Ð¸ Ð½ÐµÐ´Ð¾ÑÑÐ°ÑÐºÐ¸. ÐÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐ°ÑÑÑÑÑ, Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð²ÑÐ¸Ðµ, ÑÑÐ¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ð´ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÑÐ¸ÑÑ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð° Ð¸ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¿ÐµÑÐ°ÑÑÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ»Ñ. ÐÐ´Ð½Ð°ÐºÐ¾ Ð²ÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ, ÑÐ²ÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ Ñ ÑÑÐ°Ð±Ð¸Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ ÑÑÑÐ¿ÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¸ ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐ¾Ð·Ð¸ÐµÐ¹ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾ÑÑÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ. ÐÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÑÐ½Ð½ÑÐ¹ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð», ÑÑÐ¾ Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ð´ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð´Ð°ÑÑ Ð²ÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÑÑ, Ð½Ð¾ ÑÑÐµÐ±ÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¸ Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ð°Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¹Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ. ÐÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÑ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ: 1. Ð£ÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¾, ÑÑÐ¾ Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ð´ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÑÐ°ÑÑ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð° Ð² Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð·Ð¾Ð½Ðµ ÐÐÐ­Ð . 2. ÐÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ, ÑÐ²ÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ Ñ ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð¸ÐºÐ¾-ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ ÑÑÐ°Ð±Ð¸Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ð´ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹. 3. ÐÐ°Ð½Ñ ÑÐµÐºÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð´Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½ÐµÐ¹ÑÐ¸Ð¼ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¼ Ð¸ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ´ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ð´ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹ Ð² Ð¯Ð­Ð£. ÐÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÐµÑÑÑ Ð² ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐµ ÑÐµÐºÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ð´ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹ Ð² Ð¯Ð­Ð£, ÑÑÐ¾ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±ÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¸ Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸.
description: The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to improve the efficiency and safety of nuclear power plants. Traditional heat transfer media, such as water, have limited thermophysical properties, which encourages the search for alternative solutions. Nanofluids, which are suspensions of nanoparticles in a base liquid, have increased thermal conductivity and can become a promising coolant in nuclear power plants. The aim of the work is to investigate the effect of nanofluids on the thermophysical and neutron-physical characteristics of the VVER core. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: a review of the literature was conducted, the physico-chemical properties of nanofluids were studied, thermohydraulic and neutron-physical calculations of the core were performed, a comparison with a traditional water coolant was carried out, and the impact on the safety of nuclear power plants was evaluated. The paper considers the theoretical foundations of the use of nanothermal media, including their classification, physico-chemical properties, advantages and disadvantages. Calculations have been performed that have shown that the use of nanofluids makes it possible to increase the efficiency of heat transfer and reduce the temperature of the coolant. However, problems related to the stability of suspensions and corrosion of equipment have been identified. The safety analysis showed that nanofluids have high radiation resistance, but require additional research to assess their behavior in emergency conditions. The main results of the work: 1. It has been established that nanofluids increase the efficiency of heat transfer in the VVER core. 2. Limitations related to the physicochemical stability of nanofluids have been identified. 3. Recommendations for further research and possible introduction of nanofluids in nuclear power plants are given. The practical significance of the work lies in the development of recommendations for the use of nanofluids in nuclear power plants, which can help improve their effectiveness and safety.