cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exponential fall-off Behavior of Regge Scatterings in Compactified Open String Theory
Creators: name: He, Song
name: Lee, Jen-Chi
name: Yang, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate massive string scattering amplitudes of compactified open string in the Regge regime. We extract the complete infinite ratios among high-energy amplitudes of different string states in the fixed angle regime from these Regge string scattering amplitudes. The complete ratios calculated by this indirect method include and extend the subset of ratios calculated previously (Lee and Yang, 2007, and Lee, Takimi, and Yang, 2008) by the more difficult direct fixed angle calculation. In this calculation of compactified open string scattering, we discover a realization of arbitrary real values L in the identity Eq.(4.18), rather than integer value only in all previous high-energy string scattering amplitude calculations. The identity in Eq.(4.18) was explicitly proved recently in Lee, Yan, and Yang to link fixed angle and Regge string scattering amplitudes. In addition, we discover a kinematic regime with stringy highly winding modes, which shows the unusual exponential fall-off behavior in the Regge string scattering. This is in complementary with a kenematic regime discovered previously (Lee, Takimi, and Yang, 2008), which shows the unusual power-law behavior in the high-energy fixed angle compactified string scatterings. Key words: Regge string scatterings; High-energy String
description: 17 pages. v2:18 pages,corrected Eqs.(3.4),(4.24)-(4.26). v3:19 pages,Eqs.(3.11),(3.12) added, more on conclusion. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0805.3168, arXiv:1101.1228, arXiv:0811.4502, arXiv:0812.4190, arXiv:1001.5392
Basic Arithmetical Skills of Students with Learning Disabilities in the Secondary Special Schools. An Exploratory Study covering Fifth to Ninth Grade
Creators: name: Gebhardt, Markus
name: Zehner, F.
name: Hessels, M. G. P.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Arithmetical Skills; Curriculum Based Measurement; Special Needs
subject: 370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: The mission of German special schools is to enhance the education of students with Special Educational Needs in the area of Learning (SEN-L). However, recent studies indicate that students with SEN-L from special schools show difficulties in basic arithmetical operations, and the development of basic mathematical skills during secondary special school is not warranted. This study presents a newly developed test of basic arithmetical skills, based on already established tests. The test examines the arithmetical skills of students with SEN-L from fifth to ninth grade. The sample consisted of 110 students from three special schools in Munich. Testing took place in January and June 2013. The test shows to be an effective tool that reliably and precisely assesses students’ performance across different grades. The test items can be used without creating floor and ceiling effects among fifth to ninth grade students with SEN-L. The items’ conformity to the dichotomous Rasch model is demonstrated. The students’ skills turn out to be very heterogeneous, both overall and within grades. Many of the students do not even master basic arithmetical skills that are taught in primary school, although achievement improves in higher grades.
Reorganization energy and polaronic effects of pentacene on NaCl films
Creators: name: Hernangómez-Pérez, Daniel
name: Schlör, Jakob
name: Egger, David A.
name: Patera, Laerte L.
name: Repp, Jascha
name: Evers, Ferdinand
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 540 Chemie

description: Due to recent advances in scanning-probe technology, the electronic structure of individual molecules can now also be investigated if they are immobilized by adsorption on nonconductive substrates. As a consequence, different molecular charge states are now experimentally accessible. Thus motivated, we investigate as an experimentally relevant example the electronic and structural properties of a NaCl(001) surface with and without pentacene adsorbed (neutral and charged) by employing density-functional theory. We estimate the polaronic reorganization energy to be Ereog≃0.8−1.0 eV, consistent with experimental results obtained for molecules of similar size. To account for environmental effects on this estimate, different models for charge screening are compared. Finally, we calculate the density profile of one of the frontier orbitals for different occupations and confirm the experimentally observed localization of the charge density upon charging and relaxation of molecule-insulator interface from ab initio calculations.
Unleash the Value of Unstructured Data
Creators: name: Gurulingappa, Harsha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: nlp
healthcare
life sciencd

description: Significant portions of the data generated in enterprises are unstructured and text-based. This can span the entire product lifecycle, from early research to post-launch analysis. A major challenge for companies is managing these vast amounts of text data and extracting hidden and valuable information to gain actionable insights and make important business decisions. Thanks to recent advances in the field of natural language processing (NLP), this is now possible.
Efficient estimation of energy transfer efficiency in light-harvesting complexes
Creators: name: Shabani, Alireza
name: Mohseni, Masoud
name: Rabitz, Herschel
name: Lloyd, Seth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fundamental physical mechanisms of energy transfer in photosynthetic complexes is not yet fully understood. In particular, the degree of efficiency or sensitivity of these systems for energy transfer is not known given their non-perturbative and non-Markovian interactions with proteins backbone and surrounding photonic and phononic environments. One major problem in studying light-harvesting complexes has been the lack of an efficient method for simulation of their dynamics in biological environments. To this end, here we revisit the second-order time-convolution (TC2) master equation and examine its reliability beyond extreme Markovian and perturbative limits. In particular, we present a derivation of TC2 without making the usual weak system-bath coupling assumption. Using this equation, we explore the long time behaviour of exciton dynamics of Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) protein complex. Moreover, we introduce a constructive error analysis to estimate the accuracy of TC2 equation in calculating energy transfer efficiency, exhibiting reliable performance for environments with weak and intermediate memory and strength. Furthermore, we numerically show that energy transfer efficiency is optimal and robust for the FMO protein complex of green sulphur bacteria with respect to variations in reorganization energy and bath correlation time-scales.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, modified version, updated appendices and reference list
Unleash the Value of Unstructured Data: NLP Applications in Healthcare and Life Science
Creators: name: Gurulingappa, Harsha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: nlp
healthcare
life sciencd

description: Significant portions of the data generated in enterprises are unstructured and text-based. This can span the entire product lifecycle, from early research to post-launch analysis. A major challenge for companies is managing these vast amounts of text data and extracting hidden and valuable information to gain actionable insights and make important business decisions. Thanks to recent advances in the field of natural language processing (NLP), this is now possible.
Introducing Gorwaa
Creators: name: Harvey, Andrew
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Gorwaa
subject: Languages of Tanzania
subject: Tanzanian Rift Valley Area
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: Field Methods
subject: South Cushitic
subject: Cushitic
subject: Afroasiatic
subject: Iraqw
subject: Alagwa
subject: Burunge

description: An overview of the Gorwaa language, based on fieldwork and recordings, for the University of Bayreuth course "Linguistic Field Research Methods".
description: Note: This talk has not gone through a process of peer review, and findings should therefore be treated as preliminary and subject to change. Acknowledgement and citation: Harvey, Andrew. 2023. Introducing Gorwaa. Lecture given as part of the course "Linguistic Field Research Methods". University of Bayreuth, Germany. 03.05.2023.
Symmetry breaking and circular photogalvanic effect in epitaxial CdxHg1-xTe films
Creators: name: Hubmann, Stefan
name: Budkin, G. V.
name: Otteneder, M.
name: But, D.
name: Sacré, Daniel
name: Yahniuk, I.
name: Diendorfer, K
name: Bel'kov, V. V.
name: Kozlov, D. A.
name: Mikhailov, N. N.
name: Dvoretsky, S. A.
name: Varavin, V. S.
name: Remesnik, V. G.
name: Tarasenko, S. A.
name: Knap, W.
name: Ganichev, Sergey
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We report on the observation of symmetry breaking and the circular photogalvanic effect in CdxHg1−xTe alloys. We demonstrate that irradiation of bulk epitaxial films with circularly polarized terahertz radiation leads to the circular photogalvanic effect (CPGE) yielding a photocurrent whose direction reverses upon switching the photon helicity. This effect is forbidden in bulk zinc-blende crystals by symmetry arguments; therefore, its observation indicates either the symmetry reduction of bulk material or that the photocurrent is excited in the topological surface states formed in a material with low cadmium concentration. We show that the bulk states play a crucial role because the CPGE was also clearly detected in samples with noninverted band structure. We suggest that strain is a reason for the symmetry reduction. We develop a theory of the CPGE showing that the photocurrent results from the quantum interference of different pathways contributing to the free-carrier absorption (Drude-like) of monochromatic radiation.
The influence of environments on fear of childbirth during women’s intrapartum hospital stays
Creators: name: Auxier, Jennifer
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Differences in birthing environments and models of maternity care are contributing factors to women’s fear of childbirth. British Columbia has higher rates of caesarean sections than the Canadian national average and provides women with a variety of maternity care models in hospitals. Studying British Columbian women’s perspectives can increase our understanding of the influence of unique hospital birthing environments on women’s childbirth fear. The study aimed to investigate women’s perceptions of effects of hospital birth environments on their childbirth fear, following hospital-based labours and births. The study design was qualitative description. Over a five-month period, 15 women were interviewed individually. Inductive content analysis produced one major theme: Women’s engagement with their labours and births; the major theme incorporated six sub-themes: Women’s connection to their bodies; women’s inclusion in decision-making processes; freedom to use the hospital space; feelings of trust toward professional caregivers; distractions from labour; and personalized care. Study participants linked being disengaged during their labours and births to feelings of uncertainty, fear of the unknown, and losing control while labouring and birthing in hospitals. The study findings point to the importance of professional caregivers incorporating women-centered care practices in maternity care. More investigation into barriers preventing professional caregivers in British Columbia from enacting women-centered care is warranted.
Did A Fruit and Vegetable Incentive Program Support low-income Households in North Carolina during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Mixed Methods Assessment of the Healthy Helping Program and Other Pandemic-Related Food Assistance
Creators: name: Lu, Isabel
name: Sheppard, Brett
name: Ng, Shu Wen
name: Burstein, Sarah
name: Charles, Emile
name: Williams, Taylor
name: De Marco, Molly
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: In 2020, the Healthy Helping Fruit and Vegetable Program provided SNAP-eligible beneficiaries with $40/month, for up to 3 months, to purchase fruits and vegetables at a chain supermarket in North Carolina. A survey to describe participants’ experiences with the program and interviews to explore whether these experiences were shaped by participating in other pandemic-related food access programs were conducted. In conjunction with other food access programs, programs that allow participants freedom to choose what they purchase may alleviate household hardships and provide greater access to nutrient-dense foods during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
The Bergman property for endomorphism monoids of some Fra\"ıssé limits
Creators: name: Dolinka, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20M20 (primary), 03C15, 08A35, 18A30 (secondary)

description: Based on an idea of Y. Péresse and some results of Maltcev, Mitchell and Ruškuc, we present sufficient conditions under which the endomorphism monoid of a countably infinite ultrahomogeneous first-order structure has the Bergman property. This property has played a prominent role both in the theory of infinite permutation groups and, more recently, in semigroup theory. As a byproduct of our considerations, we establish a criterion for a countably infinite ultrahomogeneous structure to be homomorphism-homogeneous.
description: 16 pages; to appear in Forum Mathematicum
Quantum Critical Scaling of Specific Heat in a Quasicrystal
Creators: name: Khansili, A.
name: Huang, Y. -C.
name: Häussermann, U.
name: Gomez, C. Pay
name: Rydh, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In strongly correlated systems, interactions give rise to critical fluctuations surrounding the quantum critical point (QCP) of a quantum phase transition. Quasicrystals allow the study of quantum critical phenomena in aperiodic systems with frustrated magnetic interactions. Here, we study the magnetic field and temperature scaling of the low-temperature specific heat for the quantum critical Yb-Au-Al quasicrystal. We devise a scaling function that encapsulates the limiting behaviors as well as the area where the system goes from a temperature-limited to a field-limited quantum critical region, where magnetic field acts as a cutoff for critical fluctuations. The zero-field electronic specific heat is described by a power-law divergence, ${C_{el}/T \propto T^{-0.54}}$, aligning with previously observed ac-susceptibility and specific heat measurements. The field dependence of the electronic specific heat at high magnetic fields shows a similar power-law ${C_{el}/T \propto B^{-0.50}}$. In the zero-field and low-field region, we observe two small but distinct anomalies in the specific heat, located at 0.7 K and 2.1 K.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
The Effect of Coffee and Caffeine Consumption on Patients with Multiple Sclerosis-Related Fatigue
Creators: name: Herden, Lena
name: Weissert, Robert
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: coffee; caffeine; multiple sclerosis; fatigue
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background: Coffee and caffeine are considered to have beneficial effects in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that can lead to disability and chronic fatigue. Methods: In the present study the preference in terms of coffee and caffeine consumption in patients with MS was assessed. In total the opinions of 124 MS patients were explored with a questionnaire, which was developed to investigate the consumption behavior and associated beneficial and harmful effects of coffee and caffeine concerning symptoms of fatigue. Results: Our study showed that 37.1% of the included patients experience severe symptoms of fatigue. In our cohort, fatigue was not related to age, type of diagnosis or duration of the disease. The effects of coffee did not differ between MS patients with and without fatigue. Very few side effects linked to coffee consumption were reported, and we could demonstrate that coffee consumption had no negative impact on quality of sleep. A positive effect on everyday life was observed particularly among patients with a mid-level expanded disability status scale (EDSS). The strongest effects of coffee consumption were observed regarding a better ability to concentrate while fulfilling tasks, an expanded attention span and a better structured daily routine. Conclusions: Since coffee showed no severe side effects and in the absence of an effective fatigue therapy, coffee consumption might be a therapeutic approach for selected patients with MS-related fatigue.
title: Концепция устойчивого градостроительного развития агропоселка «Сидорково», Борковское СП,  Новгородская область
Creators: name: Видергольд, Оксана
name: Ивченко, Татьяна
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2021

description: Тема данной статьи – концепция устойчивого градостроительного развития агропоселка «Сидорково», Борковское СП, Новгородская область. Целью написания данной работы является создание концепции не только градостроительного, но и устойчивого развития. Для достижения данной цели было проведено пофакторное исследование исходной территории. Основным отличием данной концепции является гармонизация примененных в ходе проектирования поселка устойчивых технологий с уникальностью пластики рельефа.
Medizinbibliotheken in Deutschland als Unterstützerinnen Evidenzbasierter Medizin: Situation und Entwicklung
Creators: name: Knüttel, Helge
name: Semmler-Schmetz, Martina
name: Metzendorf, Maria-Inti
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Zugang zu Information; Deutschland, Gesundheitswesen; Bibliothekswesen; Medizinbibliothek; Bibliotheksdienste; access to information; Germany; health science; librarianship; health care libraries; library services
subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über den Stand deutscher Medizinbibliotheken und ausgewählte Entwicklungen der Serviceleistungen, mit denen diese die Evidenzbasierte Medizin in Forschung, Ausbildung und klinischer Praxis unterstützen. Resultate einer Online-Umfrage und Aspekte des Zugangs zu medizinischer Evidenz werden mit Bezug zum deutschen Gesundheitswesen diskutiert. Ein wesentliches Hindernis für Fortschritt ist eine Trennung zwischen den Institutionen der Gesundheitsversorgung und der Wissenschaft. Neue Bibliotheksdienste, insbesondere auch solche im Feld der Evidenzbasierten Medizin, werden zunehmend in Anspruch genommen. --- Health sciences libraries in Germany as supporters of evidence-based medicine: current situation and new directions This article gives an overview of the state of medical libraries in Germany and selected developments of their services supporting evidence-based medicine in research, education and clinical practice. Findings from an online survey and issues of access to health information are discussed with reference to the German health care system. A major barrier to progress stems from the separation that exists between institutions of health care practice and research. New library services provided by many German health sciences libraries, especially those supporting evidence-based medicine, are experiencing increasing take-up.
Copper(II)-Photocatalyzed N−H Alkylation with Alkanes
Creators: name: Zheng, Yi-Wen
name: Narobe, Rok
name: Donabauer, Karsten
name: Yakubov, Shaboz
name: König, Burkhard
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: C−H activation; amination; alkylation; copper catalysis; photocatalysis
subject: 540 Chemie

description: We report a practical method for the alkylation of N–H bonds with alkanes using a photoinduced copper(II) peroxide catalytic system. Upon light irradiation, the peroxide serves as a hydrogen atom transfer reagent to activate stable C(sp3)–H bonds for the reaction with a broad range of nitrogen nucleophiles. The method enables the chemoselective alkylation of amides and is utilized for the late-stage functionalization of N–H bond containing pharmaceuticals with good to excellent yields. The mechanism of the reaction was preliminarily investigated by radical trapping experiments and spectroscopic methods.
NLO QCD Corrections to $B_c$-to-Charmonium Form Factors
Creators: name: Qiao, Cong-Feng
name: Sun, Peng
name: Yuan, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $B_c(^1S_0)$ meson to S-wave Charmonia transition form factors are calculated in next-to-leading order(NLO) accuracy of Quantum Chromodynamics(QCD). Our results indicate that the higher order corrections to these form factors are remarkable, and hence are important to the phenomenological study of the corresponding processes. For the convenience of comparison and use, the relevant expressions in asymptotic form at the limit of $m_c\rightarrow0$ for the radiative corrections are presented.
DispLagBox: Simple and Replicable High-Precision Measurements of Display Latency
Creators: name: Stadler, Patrick
name: Schmid, Andreas
name: Wimmer, Raphael
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: latency, display, human-computer interaction
subject: 004 Informatik

description: The latency of a computing system affects users' performance. One important component of end-to-end latency is display lag - the time required to turn framebuffer contents into photons emitted by a computer screen. However, there is no well-documented and widely available method for measuring display lag.Thus, the effect of display lag is rarely considered in scientific studies and system development. We developed DispLagBox, a simple open-source device for measuring display lag. It supports the International Display Measurements Standard but also offers additional metrics for characterizing display lag with a resolution of 0.1 ms. The device, based on a Raspberry Pi computer, measures the time between VSYNC and a change in brightness on the connected display. Repeated measurements can be conducted automatically, so that not only average latency but also latency distributions for each device can be reported. For most displays we tested, DispLagBox reports latencies that are close to those reported by a commercial black-box measurement device. Typically, the difference is 1 - 3 ms.
description: MuC’20, September 6–9, 2020, Magdeburg, Germany
Maternal immunity shapes biomarkers of germinal center development in HIV‐exposed uninfected infants
Creators: name: Fischer, Bernard M.
name: Kim-Chang, Julie J.
name: Chan, Cliburn
name: Barfield, Richard
name: De Paris, Kristina
name: Yin, Li
name: Goodenow, Maureen M.
name: Venturi, Guglielmo M.
name: Sleasman, John W.
Publisher: name: Frontiers
Year: 2024

description: HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants exhibit elevated pro-inflammatory biomarkers that persist after birth. However, comprehensive assessments of bioprofiles associated with immune regulation and development in pregnant women with HIV (PWH) and HEU infants has not been performed. Maternal immunity in PWH may be imprinted on their HEU newborns, altering immune bioprofiles during early immune development. Cryopreserved paired plasma samples from 46 HEU infants and their mothers enrolled in PACTG 316, a clinical trial to prevent perinatal HIV-1 transmission were analyzed. PWH received antiretrovirals (ARV) and had either fully suppressed or unsuppressed viral replication. Maternal blood samples obtained during labor and infant samples at birth and 6 months were measured for 21 biomarkers associated with germinal centers (GC), macrophage activation, T-cell activation, interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-inducible chemokines, and immune regulatory cytokines using Mesoscale assays. Pregnant women without HIV (PWOH) and their HIV unexposed uninfected (HUU) newborns and non-pregnant women without HIV (NPWOH) served as reference groups. Linear regression analysis fitted for comparison among groups and adjusted for covariant(s) along with principal component analysis performed to assess differences among groups. Compared with NPWOH, PWOH displayed higher levels of GC, macrophage, and regulatory biomarkers. PWH compared to PWOH displayed elevated GC, T cell activation, and IFN-γ-inducible chemokines biomarkers at delivery. Similar to their mothers, HEU infants had elevated GC, macrophage, and IFN-γ-inducible chemokines, as well as elevated anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and IL-1RA. Across all mother/newborn dyads, multiple biomarkers positively correlated, providing further evidence that maternal inflammation imprints on newborn bioprofiles. By 6 months, many HEU biomarkers normalized to levels similar to HUU infants, but some GC and inflammatory biomarkers remained perturbed. Bioprofiles in PWH and HEU infants were similar regardless of the extent of maternal viral suppression by ARV. GC immune pathways are perturbed in HEU newborns, but immune regulatory responses down regulate inflammation during early infancy, indicating a transient inflammatory effect. However, several GC biomarkers that may alter immune development remain perturbed.
A simple relation for B_s-mixing
Creators: name: Lenz, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reinvestigate a simple relation between the semileptonic CP asymmetry a_{sl}^s, the decay rate difference ΔΓ_s, the mass difference ΔM_s and S_{ψϕ} extracted from the angular analysis of the decay B_s \to ψϕ, which is regularly used in the literature. We find that this relation is not suited to eliminate the theory prediction for Γ_{12}, it can, however be used to determine the size of the penguin contributions to the decay B_s \to ψϕ. Moreover we comment on the current precision of the theory prediction for Γ_{12}.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure, reference added, improved discussion; typo corrected, agrees with journal version
Modelling the reflective thermal contribution to the acceleration of the Pioneer spacecraft
Creators: name: Francisco, F.
name: Bertolami, O.
name: Gil, P. J. S.
name: Páramos, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an improved method to compute the radiative momentum transfer in the Pioneer 10 & 11 spacecraft that takes into account both diffusive and specular reflection. The method allows for more reliable results regarding the thermal acceleration of the deep-space probes, confirming previous findings. A parametric analysis is performed in order to set an upper and lower-bound for the thermal acceleration and its evolution with time.
description: Version accepted for publication in Physics Letters B. 19 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables
Chinese pride? searching between gendered diasporas and multicultural states
Creators: name: Xiao, Yao
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: This research of pride is necessarily from but not limited to my own personal searching, as a Cantonese/Chinese migrant across (Northern Guangdong) mountains, (Pearl River) delta, and (East Pacific) waterfronts. To explore what (Chinese) pride means in context, who needs it, and how it relates to the learning of empowerment, privilege, and diversity, I deploy a multi-biographical method to explore the mixed productions and expressions of pride. These multi-biographical sources include: audio life history interviews with thirteen community activists in the East Pacific port of Greater Vancouver and specifically in Richmond where significant streams of Chinese diasporas locate, five autobiographical accounts in a national Chinese-Canadian online project, and audio-video clips of two Chinese-Canadian stories in a transnational Chinese television/online program. Searching and researching these life stories, I find (Chinese) pride articulable on two journeys. A journey of diaspora emphasizes the flux of pride, expressible in a trio of gendered stories from women’s heritage to both women and men in migration and further to queer and nonqueer immigrant youth collaboration. A journey of state emphasizes the stability of pride, expressible in a trio of multicultural stories from nation-state citizenship to local citizenship and further to a global state of mind. While this mix of life journey/storytelling speaks in its own way towards more soul-searching and politically-sensitive projects of learning, my conclusion is more modestly about bringing four small elements to cultural studies of education: namely, extramural education as collaborative praxis, aspirational learning in political literacy, critical education with place-based and mobile cultures, and a reflexive take on why (and in what ways) cultural studies of education matters to me. With all these tissues of pride alive, I hope primarily and modestly to create openings in what could be done between/with you and me.
Selectivity control in thiol–yne click reactions via visible light induced associative electron upconversion
Creators: name: Burykina, Julia V.
name: Shlapakov, Nikita
name: Gordeev, Evgeniy G.
name: König, Burkhard
name: Ananikov, Valentine P.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Photoredox Catalysis; intramolecular electron transfer; ESI-MS spray-based ionization mass spectrometer
subject: 540 Chemie

description: An associative electron upconversion is proposed as a key step determining the selectivity of thiol–yne coupling. The developed synthetic approach provided an efficient tool to access a comprehensive range of products – four types of vinyl sulfides were prepared in high yields and selectivity. We report practically important transition-metal-free regioselective thiol–yne addition and formation of the demanding Markovnikov-type product by a radical photoredox process. The photochemical process was directly monitored by mass-spectrometry in a specially designed ESI-MS device with green laser excitation in the spray chamber. The proposed reaction mechanism is supported by experiments and DFT calculations.
description: Advance Article
Sexualpädagogik der Vielfalt: Ein Überblick über empirische Befunde
Creators: name: Gegenfurtner, Andreas
name: Gebhardt, Markus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Sexualpädagogik, sexuelle Orientierung, Homosexualität, Diversität, Schule
subject: 370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: Die Diskussion über eine "Sexualpädagogik der Vielfalt" im Bildungsplan an Schulen ist kontrovers und polarisierend. Befürworter*innen und Gegner*innen werfen sich gegenseitig vor, ihre Thesen pro bzw. contra lesbischer, schwuler, bisexueller, trans- und intersexueller (LSBTI*) Themen in der Sexualbildung seien empirisch kaum begründet. Als Beitrag zu dieser Diskussion bietet der Artikel einen aktuellen evidenzbasierten Überblick über die empirische Forschungslage. Die Ergebnisse lassen den Schluss zu, dass 1) Sexualpädagogik den Beginn der Aufnahme sexueller Aktivität nicht beschleunigt, sondern häufig eher verzögert, 2) LSBTI*-Inhalte im Unterricht die sexuelle Orientierung von Jugendlichen nicht ändert, und 3) eine Akzeptanz sexueller Vielfalt und geschlechtlicher Identitäten helfen kann, Kinder und Heranwachsende vor homo- und transphobem Bullying an Schulen zu schützen. Discussions about whether schools should educate children about lesbian, gay, bi-, trans- and intersexual (LSBTI*) issues are controversial and polarising. Both proponents and opponents of inclusive sex education claim that arguments often lack empirical support. The present paper aims to contribute to this discussion by offering an evidence-based review of recent empirical research. The findings indicate, first, that sex education tends to delay (not accelerate) the initiation of sexual activity among adolescents, second, educating children about LSBTI* issues does not change children´s sexual orientation, and third, awareness and acceptance of sexual diversity and gender identity can help protect children against homophobic and transphobic bullying in schools.
Individualized assignments, group work and discussions. How they interact with class size, low socioeconomic status, and second language learners
Creators: name: DeVries, J. M.
name: Szardenings, C.
name: Doebler, P.
name: Gebhardt, Markus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: socioeconomic status, non-native speakers, second language learners, discussions, group work, individualized assignments
subject: 370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: Varied teaching techniques are an important aspect of a successful classroom. Student and classroom factors such as ability level, lower socioeconomic status, and/or native language can interact with teaching techniques. Previous work suggests that each teaching technique may be more effective for different students or in different classroom situations, but few studies have directly examined which factors relate to effective teaching techniques. This study uses data for early secondary school students in Germany from the National Education Panel Study (NEPS) to examine the effects of group work, discussions, and individualized assignments on reading and math competency change between 7th and 9th grade. Additionally, we model the interactions of effects of class size, second language learners background, and lower socioeconomic status with these teaching techniques. We conclude that group work relates to more competency growth in math for second language learners, while classroom discussions relate to less growth for second language learners. Discussions relate to less growth in math competency for smaller classes and more growth in larger classes. Group work was also related to slower reading competency growth for children with a higher prior ability level. Findings are discussed in relation to existing theories of teaching techniques.
Gate-controlled spin extraction from topological insulator surfaces
Creators: name: Asgharpour, Ali
name: Gorini, Cosimo
name: Essert, Sven
name: Richter, Klaus
name: Adagideli, İnanç
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: Spin-momentum locking, a key property of the surface states of three-dimensional topological insulators (3DTIs), provides a new avenue for spintronics applications. One consequence of spin-momentum locking is the induction of surface spin accumulations due to applied electric fields. In this work, we investigate the extraction of such electrically-induced spins from their host TI material into adjoining conventional, hence topologically trivial, materials that are commonly used in electronics devices. We focus on effective Hamiltonians for bismuth-based 3DTI materials in the Bi2Se3 family, and numerically explore the geometries for extracting current-induced spins from a TI surface. In particular, we consider a device geometry in which a side pocket is attached to various faces of a 3DTI quantum wire and show that it is possible to create current-induced spin accumulations in these topologically trivial side pockets. We further study how such spin extraction depends on geometry and material parameters, and find that electron-hole degrees of freedom can be utilized to control the polarization of the extracted spins by an applied gate voltage.
Decoupling of cellulose decomposition and glucose mineralization in volcanic forest soils
Creators: name: Fujii, Kazumichi
name: Inagaki, Yoshiyuki
name: Hayakawa, Chie
name: Ono, Kenji
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Decomposition of organic matters in volcanic soils (ando soils) is generally slowed by sorption onto short-range-order minerals, while decomposition of non-charged substrates such as cellulose and glucose is hypothesized to be promoted by high microbial biomass and nitrogen availability, irrespective of short-range-order minerals. To analyze factors regulating decomposition activities of cellulose and glucose, we measured the decomposition rates of cellulose filter papers and the mineralization rates of 14C-labeled glucose in five volcanic soils in Japan. Glucose mineralization activities increased with increasing microbial biomass C and N, while cellulose decomposition activities (standardized with cumulative temperature) were not related to microbial biomass C or N. Cellulose decomposition activities increased with increasing ratio of soil available N relative to microbial biomass N (microbial N availability), while they decreased with decreasing soil pH and with increasing fungal activities. Soils with relatively high soil pH and microbial N availability exhibit the relatively high potentials of cellulose decomposition. Because cellulose decomposition, rather than glucose mineralization, is a rate-limiting step, soil pH and microbial N availability, rather than microbial biomass, could primarily regulate decomposition rates of cellulose and glucose in volcanic soils.
Deazaflavin reductive photocatalysis involves excited semiquinone radicals
Creators: name: Graml, Andreas
name: Neveselý, Tomáš
name: Kutta, Roger Jan
name: Cibulka, Radek
name: König, Burkhard
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Photocatalysis; Deazaflavins; Consecutive photo-induced electron transfer
subject: 540 Chemie

description: Flavin-mediated photocatalytic oxidations are established in synthetic chemistry. In contrast, their use in reductive chemistry is rare. Deazaflavins with a much lower reduction potential are even better suited for reductive chemistry rendering also deazaflavin semiquinones as strong reductants. However, no direct evidence exists for the involvement of these radical species in reductive processes. Here, we synthesise deazaflavins with different substituents at C5 and demonstrate their photocatalytic activity in the dehalogenation of p-halogenanisoles with best performance under basic conditions. Mechanistic investigations reveal a consecutive photo-induced electron transfer via the semiquinone form of the deazaflavin as part of a triplet-correlated radical pair after electron transfer from a sacrificial electron donor to the triplet state. A second electron transfer from the excited semiquinone to p-halogenanisoles triggers the final product formation. This study provides first evidence that the reductive power of excited deazaflavin semiquinones can be used in photocatalytic reductive chemistry.
Small-sized Dichroic Atomic Vapor Laser Lock (DAVLL)
Creators: name: Lee, Changmin
name: Iwata, G. Z.
name: Corsini, E.
name: Higbie, J. M.
name: Knappe, S.
name: Ledbetter, M. P.
name: Budker, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two, lightweight diode laser frequency stabilization systems designed for experiments in the field are described. A significant reduction in size and weight in both models supports the further miniaturization of measurement devices in the field. Similar to a previous design, magnetic-field lines are contained within a magnetic shield enclosing permanent magnets and a Rb cell, so that these DAVLL systems may be used for magnetically sensitive instruments. The Mini-DAVLL system (49 mm long) uses a vapor cell (20 mm long), and does not require cell heaters. An even smaller Micro-DAVLL system (9mm long) uses a micro-fabricated cell (3 mm square), and requires heaters. These new systems show no degradation in performance with regard to previous designs, while considerably reducing dimensions.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, published version
Effects of curriculum-based measurement (CBM) for progess monitoring in reading and an additive reading in second classes
Creators: name: Anderson, S.
name: Jungjohann, J.
name: Gebhardt, Markus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Progress monitoring, Curriculum-based measurement (CBM), Adaptive teaching, Reading fluency, Reading fluency instruction
subject: 370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: In this study, poor readers in second school year were selected from three schools (n = 32). Their reading skills were surveyed weekly using a CBM instrument over one school semester. Furthermore, they were supported by a five-week reading fluency instruction. The majority of students increased their weekly learning growth in regular teaching and in the phase with the additive instruction. The weekly learning growth was higher in the phase with the additive instruction in reading syllables (b = 0.69), reading words (b = 0.44) and reading comprehension at sentence level (b = 0.45) than without (reading syllables: b = 0.49; reading words: b = 0.18; reading comprehension: b = 0.30). Based on the results of this study, the benefit of CBM for adaptive reading instruction will be discussed. In dieser Studie wurden leseschwache Schülerinnen und Schüler (n = 32) ausgewählt. Deren Lesekompetenzen wurden wöchentlich mit einem CBM-Instrument über ein Schulhalbjahr erhoben. Zusätzlich nahmen sie an einer fünfwöchigen Leseflüssigkeitsförderung teil. Die Mehrheit der Schülerinnen und Schüler konnte ihre Lesekompetenzen in der Phase ohne und mit der zusätzlichen Leseinstruktion steigern. Der wöchentliche Lernzuwachs war in der Phase mit der zusätzlichen Förderung im Silbenlesen (b = 0,69), im Wörterlesen (b = 0,44) und im sinnentnehmenden Lesen auf Satzebene (b = 0,45) höher als ohne die Förderung (Silbenlesen: b = 0,49; Wörterlesen b = 0,18; Leseverständnis: b = 0,30). Auf der Grundlage der Ergebnisse dieser Studie wird der Nutzen von CBM für den adaptiven Leseunterricht diskutiert.
Rigorous Calculations of Non-Abelian Statistics in the Kitaev Honeycomb Model
Creators: name: Bolukbasi, Ahmet Tuna
name: Vala, Jiri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a rigorous and highly accurate technique for calculation of the Berry phase in systems with a quadratic Hamiltonian within the context of the Kitaev honeycomb lattice model. The method is based on the recently found solution of the model which uses the Jordan-Wigner-type fermionization in an exact effective spin-hardcore boson representation. We specifically simulate the braiding of two non-Abelian vortices (anyons) in a four vortex system characterized by a two-fold degenerate ground state. The result of the braiding is the non-Abelian Berry matrix which is in excellent agreement with the predictions of the effective field theory. The most precise results of our simulation are characterized by an error on the order of $10^{-5}$ or lower. We observe exponential decay of the error with the distance between vortices, studied in the range from one to nine plaquettes. We also study its correlation with the involved energy gaps and provide preliminary analysis of the relevant adiabaticity conditions. The work allows to investigate the Berry phase in other lattice models including the Yao-Kivelson model and particularly the square-octagon model. It also opens the possibility of studying the Berry phase under non-adiabatic and other effects which may constitute important sources of errors in topological quantum computation.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures, 3 appendices
Low-frequency Raman scattering in WSe2−MoSe2 heterobilayers: Evidence for atomic reconstruction
Creators: name: Holler, Johannes
name: Meier, Sebastian
name: Kempf, Michael
name: Nagler, Philipp
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Korn, Tobias
name: Schüller, Christian
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: The great appeal of van-der-Waals materials is the possibility to fabricate artificial multilayer structures, consisting of different materials, with arbitrary but well controlled relative crystal orientations. We investigate WSe2-MoSe2 heterobilayers with different twist angles q ± d between the two layers, by low-frequency Raman scattering. In sufficiently aligned samples with q = 0°, or q = 60° and d ≤ 3°, we observe an interlayer shear mode (ISM), which is a clear sign of a commensurate bilayer structure, i.e., the layers must undergo an atomic reconstruction to form R-type or H-type stacking orders. Our findings are corroborated by the fact that the ISM is not observed in samples with twist angles, which deviate by d > 3° from 0° or 60°. This is expected, since in such incommensurate structures, with the possibility of Moire-lattice formation, there is no restoring force for an ISM. Furthermore, we observe the ISM even in sufficiently aligned heterobilayers, which are encapsulated in hexagonal Boron nitride. This is particularly relevant for the characterization of high-quality heterostructure devices.
Exact eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the finite Kitaev chain and its topological properties
Creators: name: Leumer, Nico
name: Marganska, Magdalena
name: Muralidharan, Bhaskaran
name: Grifoni, Milena
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We present a comprehensive, analytical treatment of the finite Kitaev chain for arbitrary chemical potential and chain length. By means of an exact analytical diagonalization in the real space, we derive the momentum quantization conditions and present exact analytical formulae for the resulting energy spectrum and eigenstate wave functions, encompassing boundary and bulk states. In accordance with an analysis based on the winding number topological invariant, and as expected from the bulk-edge correspondence, the boundary states are topological in nature. They can have zero, exponentially small or even finite energy. Further, for a fixed value of the chemical potential, their properties are ruled by the ratio of the decay length to the chain length. A numerical analysis confirms the robustness of the topological states against disorder.