cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Federated Search for Heterogeneous Environments
Creators: name: Arguello, Jaime
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 460508
subject: Information retrieval and web search
classificationCode: 46
subject: Information and computing sciences

description: In information retrieval, federated search is the problem of automatically searching across multiple distributed collections or resources. It is typically decomposed into two subsequent steps: deciding which resources to search (resource selection) and deciding how to combine results from multiple resources into a single presentation (results merging). Federated search occurs in different environments. This dissertation focuses on an environment that has not been deeply investigated in prior work. The growing heterogeneity of digital media and the broad range of user information needs that occur in today’s world have given rise to a multitude of systems that specialize on a specific type of search task. Examples include search for news, images, video, local businesses, items for sale, and even social-media interactions. In the Web search domain, these specialized systems are called verticals and one important task for the Web search engine is the prediction and integration of relevant vertical content into the Web search results. This is known as aggregated web search and is the main focus on this dissertation. Providing a single-point of access to all these diverse systems requires federated search solutions that can support result-type and retrieval-algorithm heterogeneity. This type of heterogeneity violates major assumptions made by state-of-the-art resource selection and results merging methods. While existing resource selection methods derive predictive evidence exclusively from sampled resource content, the approaches proposed in this dissertation draw on ma chine learning as a means to easily integrate various different types of evidence. These include, for example, evidence derived from (sampled) vertical content, vertical query traffic, click-through information, and properties of the query string. In order to operate in a heterogeneous environment, we focus on methods that can learn a vertical-specific relationship between features and relevance. We also present methods that reduce the need for human-produced training data. Existing results merging methods formulate the task as score normalization. In a more heterogeneous environment, however, combining results into a single presentation requires satisfying a number of layout constraints. The dissertation proposes a novel formulation of the task: block ranking. During block-ranking, the objective is to rank sequences of results that must appear grouped together (vertically or horizontally) in the final presentation. Based on this formulation, the dissertation proposes and empiri cally validates a cost-effective methodology for evaluating aggregated web search results. Finally, it proposes the use of machine learning methods for the task of block-ranking.
Additional file 4 of Intra-specific comparison of mitochondrial genomes reveals host gene fragment exchange via intron mobility in Tremella fuciformis
Creators: name: Youjin Deng
name: Xunxiao Zhang
name: Baogui Xie
name: Longji Lin
name: Hsiang, Tom
name: Xiangzhi Lin
name: Yiying Lin
name: Xingtan Zhang
name: Yanhong Ma
name: Wenjing Miao
name: Ming, Ray
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Supplementary Table 4. PCR primers for confirming cDNA sequences of D type genes.
Observational constraints on interacting quintessence models
Creators: name: Olivares, German
name: Atrio-Barandela, Fernando
name: Pavon, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the range of parameter space of Interacting Quintessence Models that best fits the recent WMAP measurements of Cosmic Microwave Background temperature anisotropies. We only consider cosmological models with zero spatial curvature. We show that if the quintessence scalar field decays into cold dark matter at a rate that brings the ratio of matter to dark energy constant at late times,the cosmological parameters required to fit the CMB data are: Ω_x = 0.43 \pm 0.12, baryon fraction Ω_b = 0.08 \pm 0.01, slope of the matter power spectrum at large scals n_s = 0.98 \pm 0.02 and Hubble constant H_0 = 56 \pm 4 km/s/Mpc. The data prefers a dark energy component with a dimensionless decay parameter c^2 =0.005 and non-interacting models are consistent with the data only at the 99% confidence level. Using the Bayesian Information Criteria we show that this exra parameter fits the data better than models with no interaction. The quintessence equation of state parameter is less constrained; i.e., the data set an upper limit w_x \leq -0.86 at the same level of significance. When the WMAP anisotropy data are combined with supernovae data, the density parameter of dark energy increases to Ω_x \simeq 0.68 while c^2 augments to 6.3 \times 10^{-3}. Models with quintessence decaying into dark matter provide a clean explanation for the coincidence problem and are a viable cosmological model, compatible with observations of the CMB, with testable predictions. Accurate measurements of baryon fraction and/or of matter density independent of the CMB data, would support/disprove these models.
description: 16 pages, Revtex4, 5 eps figures, to appear in Physical Review D
Micro-Level Decision for Area Shift in Favour of High-Value Crops: A Case of Horticultural Crops
Creators: name: Mehta, Pradeep Kumar
name: Mehta, Pradeep Kumar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Area shift towards horticultural crops is vital for increasing farm income, productivity and overall employment in the agricultural sector. Several economic (price and income) and non-economic (food-security concerns) factors influence farmers’ decisions at the farm level. This paper has examined the role of both price and income, along with the role of food-security goals, in the decision-making of farmers regarding shift from low-value crops (food crops) to high-value commercial crops (horticultural crops). It has been shown that higher food requirements at home inhibit the extent of crop-substitution decision of the farmers. However, farmers are less responsive to the changes in the prices of food grains (in terms of changing their consumption) as higher income from high-value crops provide adequate money to purchase food crops from the market. Relative income (not the relative price) of the crops has been found to explain the crop-substitution decisions of the farmers. The farmers have been reported to calculate the aggregate gain from the crop rather calculating only the price of the crop, while making the decision to shift. Their capacity to generate higher productivity along with better market prospects have been recorded to explain farmers’ decision to shift area.
The FRB-SGR Connection
Creators: name: Katz, J. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery that the Galactic SGR 1935$+$2154 emitted FRB 200428 simultaneous with a gamma-ray flare demonstrated the common source and association of these phenomena. If FRB radio emission is the result of coherent curvature radiation, the net charge of the radiating "bunches" or waves may be inferred from the radiated fields, independent of the mechanism by which the bunches are produced. A statistical argument indicates that the radiating bunches must have a Lorentz factor $\gtrapprox 10$. The observed radiation frequencies indicate that their phase velocity (pattern speed) corresponds to Lorentz factors $\gtrapprox 100$. Coulomb repulsion implies that the electrons making up these bunches may have yet larger Lorentz factors, limited by their incoherent curvature radiation. These electrons also Compton scatter the soft gamma-rays of the SGR. In FRB 200428 the power radiated coherently at radio frequencies exceeded that of Compton scattering, but in more luminous SGR outbursts Compton scattering dominates, precluding the acceleration of energetic electrons. This explains the absence of a FRB associated with the giant 27 December 2004 outburst of SGR 1806$-$20. SGR with luminosity $\gtrsim 10^{42}$ ergs/s do not emit FRB, while those of lesser luminosity can do so. "Superbursts" like FRB 200428 are produced when narrowly collimated FRB are aligned with the line of sight; they are unusual, but not rare, and "cosmological" FRB may be superbursts.
description: 9 pp., 1 fig. Two new paragraphs at end predicting observable FRB from other SGR
Determination of the Gamow-Teller Quenching Factor from Charge Exchange Reactions on 90Zr
Creators: name: Yako, K.
name: Sakai, H.
name: Greenfield, M. B.
name: Hatanaka, K.
name: Hatano, M.
name: Kamiya, J.
name: Kato, H.
name: Kitamura, Y.
name: Maeda, Y.
name: Morris, C. L.
name: Okamura, H.
name: Rapaport, J.
name: Saito, T.
name: Sakemi, Y.
name: Sekiguchi, K.
name: Shimizu, Y.
name: Suda, K.
name: Tamii, A.
name: Uchigashima, N.
name: Wakasa, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Double differential cross sections between 0-12 degrees were measured for the 90Zr(n,p) reaction at 293 MeV over a wide excitation energy range of 0-70 MeV. A multipole decomposition technique was applied to the present data as well as the previously obtained 90Zr(p,n) data to extract the Gamow-Teller (GT) component from the continuum. The GT quenching factor Q was derived by using the obtained total GT strengths. The result is Q=0.88+/-0.06 not including an overall normalization uncertainty in the GT unit cross section of 16%.
description: 11 papes, 4 figures, submitted to Physics Letters B (accepted), gzipped tar file, changed contents
Phase Transitions in an Expanding Universe: Stochastic Gravitational Waves in Standard and Non-Standard Histories
Creators: name: Guo, Huai-Ke
name: Sinha, Kuver
name: Vagie, Daniel
name: White, Graham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We undertake a careful analysis of stochastic gravitational wave production from cosmological phase transitions in an expanding universe, studying both a standard radiation as well as a matter dominated history. We analyze in detail the dynamics of the phase transition, including the false vacuum fraction, bubble lifetime distribution, bubble number density, mean bubble separation, etc., for an expanding universe. We also study the full set of differential equations governing the evolution of plasma and the scalar field during the phase transition and generalize results obtained in Minkowski spacetime. In particular, we generalize the sound shell model to the expanding universe and determine the velocity field power spectrum. This ultimately provides an accurate calculation of the gravitational wave spectrum seen today for the dominant source of sound waves. For the amplitude of the gravitational wave spectrum visible today, we find a suppression factor arising from the finite lifetime of the sound waves and compare with the commonly used result in the literature, which corresponds to the asymptotic value of our suppression factor. We point out that the asymptotic value is only applicable for a very long lifetime of the sound waves, which is highly unlikely due to the onset of shocks, turbulence and other damping processes. We also point out that features of the gravitational wave spectral form may hold the tantalizing possibility of distinguishing between different expansion histories using phase transitions.
description: 52 pages, 20 figures; v3: version published in JCAP
A thermodynamic uncertainty relation for a system with memory
Creators: name: Di Terlizzi, Ivan
name: Baiesi, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an example of thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) for systems modeled by a one-dimensional generalised Langevin dynamics with memory, determining the motion of a micro-bead driven in a complex fluid. Contrary to TURs typically discussed in the previous years, our observables and the entropy production rate are one-time variables. The bound to the signal-to-noise ratio of such state-dependent observables only in some cases can be mapped to the entropy production rate. For example, this is true in Markovian systems. Hence, the presence of memory in the system complicates the thermodynamic interpretation of the uncertainty relation.
Additional file 1 of Evaluating blood–brain barrier permeability in a rat model of type 2 diabetes
Creators: name: Qiao, Ju
name: Lawson, Christopher M.
name: Rentrup, Kilian F. G.
name: Kulkarni, Praveen
name: Ferris, Craig F.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Shown are raw data from a control and diabetic rat following ferumoxytol injection. The normalized UTE signal is registered to the original anatomy.
HUMAN CAPITAL AND FARM HOUSEHOLDS: A MAP OF MANAGEMENT MODELS IN ITALY
Creators: name: Idda, Lorenzo
name: Furesi, Roberto
name: Pulina, Pietro
name: Idda, Lorenzo
name: Furesi, Roberto
name: Pulina, Pietro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Human capital
subject: Household farms
subject: Agricultural labour
subject: Spatial analysis

description: This paper is designed to verify empirically the choices that Italian farm households make when investing in human capital. Census data from the National Institute of Statistics (Istat) were used to describe the main structural and organisational characteristics of the farms. Multivariate statistical tools were used to process the information in the database, so that the different types of Italian farm households could be defined and geographically located. The results allowed us to analyse the competence endowment inside the family farm by determining the existence, the types and the strength of the relationships between the characteristics of family farms and certain variables which described the specific local environment and the human capital available to the family. At the end of the paper we make some suggestions for norms which may be of value to policy makers.
STATE AND PERSPECTIVES IN COMPETITIVENESS OF ONE FARM TYPE IN SERBIA
Creators: name: Popovic, Rade
name: Knezevic, Marija
name: Tosin, Milos
name: Popovic, Rade
name: Knezevic, Marija
name: Tosin, Milos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Competitiveness
subject: Dairy enterprise
subject: Dairy farm
subject: Milk production
subject: Serbia

description: In the paper is analyzed competitiveness of Serbian family dairy farms in lowland region in 2007, with some aspects of possible perspectives. Globalization process, expected EU integrations and set of free trade agreements will expose Serbian farms in close future to higher level of competition. Identified structural changes, refers on dairy farms concentration and specialization in lowland region in recent years. Estimated model of cost function revealed that family farms with bigger herd size have lower average costs of milk production. Economic efficiency, measured in terms of cost efficiency, shows that larger dairy farms are more efficient. But, not all smaller farms are inefficient. Due to good management some smaller farms are competitive on national market. Milk price volatility in period 2007 to 2009 hurts all farms, but the most farms with higher average costs, which are usually inefficient dairy farms.
Additional file 3 of Intra-specific comparison of mitochondrial genomes reveals host gene fragment exchange via intron mobility in Tremella fuciformis
Creators: name: Youjin Deng
name: Xunxiao Zhang
name: Baogui Xie
name: Longji Lin
name: Hsiang, Tom
name: Xiangzhi Lin
name: Yiying Lin
name: Xingtan Zhang
name: Yanhong Ma
name: Wenjing Miao
name: Ming, Ray
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary Table 3. The source of isolates used in this study.
AGRARIAN REGIONS IN SERBIA AS NATURAL FOUNDATION AND MARKET CHANCE IN CIRCUMSTANCES OF TRANSITION
Creators: name: Simonovic, Zoran
name: Simonovic, Dragoljub
name: Gligic, Perica
name: Simonovic, Zoran
name: Simonovic, Dragoljub
name: Gligic, Perica
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: International Development
subject: Agrarian regions
subject: Regionalization
subject: Specialization

description: Process of transition movements in Republic of Sebia is in progress. Transition movements have not bypassed agrarian sector. Market agriculture should gain significance along this process. On this occasion we would like to emphasis two elements which affect development of Market Agriculture. Those are regionalization and specialization of agriculture. In study about agrarian regions in conditions of transition two charts are given, that pinpoint the essence of natural foundation and market opportunities in transition circumstances. Study of agro-identities starts with introspection of each reagion in respect of its natural values: plain (Vojvodina), hilly ( Sumadija), mountain-hilly (Pester). Therefore, plain region is specialized for production of stable livestocking (cattle and hogs), mountain-hilly is based on pasture (sheep and cattle) etc. Regional disposition of some types of livestocking is limited by natural conditions and structure of agricultural area. Essentially, the level of livestock farming has been determined by economic progress of the region and Market development. The certain other regions are specialized in viticulture, fruit-growing or vegetable growing (vicinity of big cities). In time of transition, i.e. transferring to Market Agriculture, issue of regional identity has become more actual than ever. This could be best illustrated on the example of forming specialized cooperatives, agricultural markets and companies (plum and apple production and other agricultural cropping) spread throughout particular areas of Serbia.
Exploring the Spectral Shape of Gravitational Waves Induced by Primordial Scalar Perturbations and Connection with the Primordial Black Hole Scenarios
Creators: name: Dalianis, Ioannis
name: Kritos, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a growing expectation that the gravitational wave detectors will start probing the stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds in the following years. We explore the spectral shapes of gravitational waves induced to second order by scalar perturbations and presumably have been produced in the early universe. We calculate the gravitational wave spectra generated during radiation and kination eras together with the associated primordial black hole counterpart. We employ power spectra for the primordial curvature perturbation generated by $α$-attractors and nonminimal derivative coupling inflation models as well as Gaussian and delta-type shapes. We demonstrate the ability of the tensor modes to constrain the spectrum of the primordial curvature perturbations and discriminate among inflationary models. Gravitational wave production during kination and radiation era can also be distinguished by their spectral shapes and amplitudes.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, 2 appendices. Journal Version
A Method For Determining Two-Dimensional Orbits In Galactic Disks
Creators: name: Nakanishi, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method for determining the two-dimensional orbits of interstellar matter (ISM) in galactic disks using observed line-of-sight velocity fields. Although four components, consisting of two of position and two of velocity, are necessary to determine two-dimensional orbits, the velocity perpendicular to the line of sight can hardly be determined from observations. We show that the ISM orbits can be approximately determined by assuming that (1) the angular momentum is conserved along each orbit, (2) all orbits are closed in a single rotating frame, and (3) the system is symmetric through the origin. Since the angular momentum can be estimated on the major axis of a disk, a velocity perpendicular to the line of sight can be determined according to the conservation of angular momentum, and thus two components of velocity are obtained. The ISM orbits can be calculated by solving differential equations given by an obtained two-dimensional velocity field when a certain pattern speed is given. The typical deviation from the correct orbit is less than the observational resolution according to our test calculations for modeled velocity fields. We applied this method to the observed data of NGC 4569 and obtained possible orbits for this galaxy. Furthermore, we calculated the mass distribution using our result.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
CONSUMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS TRADITIONAL SERBIAN AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PRODUCTS
Creators: name: Zaric, Vlade
name: Petkovic, Danijela
name: Radosevic, Milorad
name: Zaric, Vlade
name: Petkovic, Danijela
name: Radosevic, Milorad
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Traditional agricultural and food products
subject: Territorial competitiveness
subject: Consumers
subject: Republic of Serbia

description: Market success depends in large part on how well consumer behaviour and perception supplies understand. They need to understand how consumers evaluate products characteristics, gather information regarding various alternatives and use this information to select specific product. The object of this research was to determine consumer perception of Serbian agricultural and food products and especially perception of home made products. In October 2008, a research was conducted in the Belgrade market on a sample of 338 persons. The results were analyzed using univariant statistical analyses. The results of this research can be used by producers for defining marketing activities and by researchers to conduct further research in this field.
Low-momentum interactions for nuclei
Creators: name: Schwenk, Achim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how the renormalization group is used to construct a low-momentum nucleon-nucleon interaction V_{low k}, which unifies all potential models used in nuclear structure calculations. V_{low k} can be directly applied to the nuclear shell model or to nucleonic matter without a G matrix resummation. It is argued that V_{low k} parameterizes a high-order chiral effective field theory two-nucleon force. We use cutoff dependence as a tool to assess the error in the truncation of nuclear forces to two-nucleon interactions and introduce a low-momentum three-nucleon force, which regulates A=3,4 binding energies. The adjusted three-nucleon interaction is perturbative for small cutoffs. In contrast to other precision interactions, the error due to missing many-body forces can be estimated, when V_{low k} and the corresponding three-nucleon force are used in nuclear structure calculations and the cutoff is varied.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, talk at INT workshop on Nuclear Forces and the Quantum Many-Body Problem, Seattle, October 2004
Urban space in the poetry of Rafael Arráiz Lucca and Yolanda Pantin
Creators: name: Hernández, Kimberly Reisner
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis examines the urban space of the 1980s as evoked in a selection of poetry by Rafael Arraiz Lucca and Yolanda Pantin. It establishes links between the poems and the urban spaces they describe by looking at the relationship between the form of the message and the message itself. Through the technical and content analysis of the poems, it unveils similarities and differences between the urban poetry of these two Venezuelan writers. This work adopts as its critical foundation Carlos Bousofio's Teoria de la expresion poetica in which he explains that the poem has to show what poetry is in the same manner that the concept "apple" develops from the sight of several individual apples. His theory suggests that language is manipulated through poetic devices that cause language substitution, enabling language to go beyond generic (dictionary) meaning and thus into the realm of poetic expression. Bousofio's method questions zones of the poem to propose that "la voz lirica" comes always in proportion to a substitution made in language. To be poetic, language has to go through a transformation process that causes it to appear to be individualizing, whereby an illusory psychic sensation is produced in the reader. Two processes in this investigation are taking place simultaneously, and each relies on the other for completion: the urban Caracas images of the 1980s are juxtaposed with Bousofio's theory. This enables the images to come into focus and be further understood. The six poems are examined in order to decipher how language is manipulated to cause a poetic sensation (made possible by the application of Bousofio's theory); how the said poetic language places the reader, by the recreation of images in the psyche, in an urban setting.
CHALLENGES FOR THE FLEMISH AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES TO SUPPORT AN INNOVATIVE AND COMPETITIVE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Creators: name: Vuylsteke, Anne
name: Van Gijseghem, Dirk
name: Vuylsteke, Anne
name: Van Gijseghem, Dirk
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Research organisation
subject: Knowledge networks
subject: Innovation

description: Agriculture is faced by permanent evolution and it is expected that this trend will continue in the next decennium. The question is what challenges lie ahead and which types of agricultural research can support the sector in order to retain its competitive power by the year 2020. To address this issue, a multi-stakeholder and multi-disciplinary process was initiated in Flanders. The process outcomes learn that two types of action are needed. Firstly, there is need for a focused knowledge production in 5 thematic fields. Central issues hereby are an efficient agriculture, the broadening of the value creation model of agriculture and the increasing sustainability of production. Secondly, efforts should be made to improve the organisation of research with emphasis on participation, anticipation, meta-coordination and validation of research outcomes.
Cosmological Problem Solution by Complex-Dynamical Interaction Analysis
Creators: name: Kirilyuk, Andrei P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Universe structure emerges in the unreduced, complex-dynamical interaction process with the simplest initial configuration (two attracting homogeneous fields). The unreduced interaction analysis avoiding any perturbative model gives intrinsically creative cosmology describing the real, explicitly emerging world structure with dynamic randomness at all levels. Without imposing any postulates or additional entities, we obtain physically real, three-dimensional space, irreversibly flowing time, elementary particles with their detailed structure and intrinsic properties, causally complete and unified version of quantum and relativistic behaviour, the origin and number of naturally unified fundamental forces, classical behaviour emergence in a closed system, and true quantum chaos. Major problems of standard cosmology and astrophysics are consistently solved in this extended picture, including those of quantum cosmology and gravity, entropy growth and time arrow, "hierarchy" of elementary particles (Planckian unit values), "anthropic" difficulties, Big Bang contradictions, and "missing" ("dark") mass and energy. Universality of the proposed theory is explicitly expressed by the symmetry (conservation and transformation) of dynamic complexity providing the unified, irregularly structured, but always exact (never "broken") Order of the World that underlies all universe structures, phenomena and laws.
description: 36 pages, 37 eqs, 30 refs; Report presented to the 1st Crisis in Cosmology Conference (Moncao, Portugal, 23-25 June 2005), http://www.cosmology.info/2005conference/wps/kirilyuk.htm; Undated version of an earlier conference report (see physics/0408027); modified format and title, updated references and minor linguistic changes in v2 (published version)
An economic analysis of options for utilising additional land on a high rainfall Gippsland dairy farm
Creators: name: Tarrant, Katherine A.
name: Armstrong, Dan P.
name: Ho, Christie K.M.
name: Wales, W.J.
name: Malcolm, Bill
name: Tarrant, Katherine A.
name: Armstrong, Dan P.
name: Ho, Christie K.M.
name: Wales, W.J.
name: Malcolm, Bill
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Farm Management

description: A range of options for utilising additional land on a dairy farm in the high rainfall area of Gippsland were analysed. The aim was to determine if additional land may assist the owners/operators in maintaining or increasing profit in the medium term (5-10 years). Historical trends have been towards fewer, larger, more intensive enterprises, and this project studies the value of additional land in continuing or altering this trend. A case study farm and spreadsheet modelling approach was used to examine these issues. Five different uses for additional land were identified by an expert steering committee, and were compared to the base farm system over a 10-year development period. The results suggest that expanding the milking area by purchasing additional land without a significant increase in herd size (2A) increased annual operating profit by approximately $70,000/year without increasing variability when compared to the base farm system. This was the only option examined to earn a high enough internal rate of return on additional capital investment to justify the investment without capital gains. Additional milking area with a substantial increase in stocking rate (2C) significantly reduced annual operating profit (by approximately $70,000/year) and notably increased the variability of these returns. The purchase of an outblock for conserved fodder production improved profitability, but would require some capital gains to be an attractive option on profit measures alone. The most appropriate changes to dairy farm businesses in response to changes in the operating environment will vary from farm to farm. The analysis indicated that simple following previous industry trends may not be appropriate on many farms. Optimising the amount of home grown feed and efficiently using purchased supplements are important, particularly if the milk produced is subject to the fluctuations of an export milk price.
Correlation functions and queuing phenomena in growth processes with drift
Creators: name: Yoon, S. Y.
name: Kim, Yup
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest a novel stochastic discrete growth model which describes the drifted Edward-Wilkinson (EW) equation $\partial h /\partial t = ν\partial_x^2 h - v\partial_x h +η(x,t)$. From the stochastic model, the anomalous behavior of the drifted EW equation with a defect is analyzed. To physically understand the anomalous behavior the height-height correlation functions $C(r)=< |h({x_0}+r)-h(x_0)|>$ and $G(r)=< |h({x_0}+r)-h(x_0)|^2>$ are also investigated, where the defect is located at $x_0$. The height-height correlation functions follow the power law $C(r)\sim r^{α'}$ and $G(r)\sim r^{α''}$ with $α'=α''=1/4$ around a perfect defect at which no growth process is allowed. $α'=α''=1/4$ is the same as the anomalous roughness exponent $α=1/4$. For the weak defect at which the growth process is partially allowed, the normal EW behavior is recovered. We also suggest a new type queuing process based on the asymmetry $C(r) \neq C(-r)$ of the correlation function around the perfect defect.
A framework for assessing impacts of community-based enterprises on poverty reduction: a case study in northern Thailand
Creators: name: Terrakul, Nuttamon
name: Villano, Renato A.
name: Wood, Fiona
name: Mounter, Stuart W.
name: Terrakul, Nuttamon
name: Villano, Renato A.
name: Wood, Fiona
name: Mounter, Stuart W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: impact assessment
subject: community-based enterprise
subject: poverty reduction
subject: gender empowerment
subject: northern Thailand

description: Poverty alleviation remains a challenge for Thailand’s socio-economic development. A key strategy of the Thai government to help meet this challenge at the ‘grass roots’ level has been the promotion of Community-Based Enterprises (CBEs). And national statistics and descriptive studies have shown that CBEs have led to both income improvement and employment creation. However, poverty is a multi-dimensional concept and also some groups are more adversely affected (such a women) than others. By investigating poverty from a number of different angles, this research aims to assess whether CBES are a genuine tool for poverty reduction at the individual household level. This paper provides an outline of the framework developed for assessing CBE impact on poverty reduction at the micro level. This approach is a multi-disciplinary approach drawing particularly on three main fields of knowledge: business performance measurement, impact assessment of development projects, and poverty measurement. The approach is divided into two main steps: (1) identification of poverty groups and poverty components, and (2) impact assessment of CBEs and other factors on household poverty. By using this approach, it is expected that not only the impact of CBEs on household poverty can be measured, but also the role and contribution of women in CBEs and possible related benefits can be assessed. The focus of this research is on investigating the actual impact of CBEs on poverty reduction in northern Thailand. At this stage, no empirical results will be provided, but outcomes of the initial phase of the implementation are discussed. The empirical application is based on a survey conducted using 14 CBEs, 343 households and 12 villages.
Modelling riparian buffers for water quality enhancement in the Karapiro catchment
Creators: name: Ramilan, Thiagarajah
name: Scrimgeour, Frank G.
name: Marsh, Dan
name: Ramilan, Thiagarajah
name: Scrimgeour, Frank G.
name: Marsh, Dan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The use of riparian land buffers is widely promoted as a method of mitigating the effects of sediment and nutrient runoff from intensive land use in New Zealand. Farmers receive advice and financial assistance from Regional Councils for activities such as establishment and planting of riparian buffers, but funding is limited. The effect of buffers on water quality goals varies across land types so the optimum size of riparian buffer width varies across farms. We build a stylised model to determine the optimum buffer width and apply it to the Karapiro catchment. The model can easily be extended to model salinity removal, conservation reserve programmes, establishing wetlands and carbon sequestration.
Product Traceability Solutions for the Kangaroo Industry
Creators: name: Thomas, Cameron
name: Thomas, Cameron
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: On 1 August 2009, Australian kangaroo meat exports were suspended to the Russian market. Product traceability was identified as one of the key areas requiring investigation. Systems to ensure product traceability and integrity have emerged globally as a key requirement in addressing consumer demand for a wholesome and sustainably managed meat product. In response to this emerging requirement for product traceability and verification of kangaroo meat integrity, the Queensland Kangaroo Industry Development Committee (KIDC) requested that an examination of options for traceability be undertaken. The report explores a number of options that will guarantee product traceability and verification, and looks at how the system is integrated along the supply chain and the associated costs. Six product traceability systems were proposed. In consultation with the industry and technology providers these systems were assessed on their effective cost to industry.
The weak imprint of environment on the stellar populations of galaxies
Creators: name: Trussler, James
name: Maiolino, Roberto
name: Maraston, Claudia
name: Peng, Yingjie
name: Thomas, Daniel
name: Goddard, Daniel
name: Lian, Jianhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the environmental dependence of the stellar populations of galaxies in SDSS DR7. Echoing earlier works, we find that satellites are both more metal-rich (<0.1 dex) and older (<2 Gyr) than centrals of the same stellar mass. However, after separating star-forming, green valley and passive galaxies, we find that the true environmental dependence of both stellar metallicity (<0.03 dex) and age (<0.5 Gyr) is in fact much weaker. We show that the strong environmental effects found when galaxies are not differentiated result from a combination of selection effects brought about by the environmental dependence of the quenched fraction of galaxies, and thus we strongly advocate for the separation of star-forming, green valley and passive galaxies when the environmental dependence of galaxy properties are investigated. We also study further environmental trends separately for both central and satellite galaxies. We find that star-forming galaxies show no environmental effects, neither for centrals nor for satellites. In contrast, the stellar metallicities of passive and green valley satellites increase weakly (< 0.05 dex and < 0.08 dex, respectively) with increasing halo mass, increasing local overdensity and decreasing projected distance from their central; this effect is interpreted in terms of moderate environmental starvation (`strangulation') contributing to the quenching of satellite galaxies. Finally, we find a unique feature in the stellar mass--stellar metallicity relation for passive centrals, where galaxies in more massive haloes have larger stellar mass (~0.1 dex) at constant stellar metallicity; this effect is interpreted in terms of dry merging of passive central galaxies and/or progenitor bias.
description: 22 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Explicit differential characterization of the Newtonian free particle system in m > 1 dependent variables
Creators: name: Merker, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58F36, 34A05, 58A15, 58A20, 58F36, 34C14, 32V40

description: In 1883, as an early result, Sophus Lie established an explicit necessary and sufficient condition for an analytic second order ordinary differential equation y_xx = F(x,y,y_x) to be equivalent, through a point transformation (x,y) --> (X(x,y), Y(x,y)), to the Newtonian free particle equation Y_XX = 0. This result, preliminary to the deep group-theoretic classification of second order analytic ordinary differential equations, was parachieved later in 1896 by Arthur Tresse, a French student of S. Lie. In the present paper, following closely the original strategy of proof of S. Lie, which we firstly expose and restitute in length, we generalize this explicit characterization to the case of several second order ordinary differential equations. Let K=R or C, or more generally any field of characteristic zero equipped with a valuation, so that K-analytic functions make sense. Let x in K, let m > 1, let y := (y^1, ..., y^m) in K^m and let y_xx^j = F^j(x,y,y_x^l), j = 1,...,m be a collection of m analytic second order ordinary differential equations, in general nonlinear. We provide an explicit necessary and sufficient condition in order that this system is equivalent, under a point transformation (x, y^1, ..., y^m) --> (X(x,y), Y^1(x,y),..., Y^m(x, y)), to the Newtonian free particle system Y_XX^1 = ... = Y_XX^m = 0. Strikingly, the (complicated) differential system that we obtain is of first order in the case m > 1, whereas it is of second order in S. Lie's original case m = 1.
description: 76 pages, no figure
Measuring the Efficiency of Wheat Production of Western Australian Growers
Creators: name: Tozer, Peter R.
name: Tozer, Peter R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Wheat production
subject: efficiency
subject: fertiliser
subject: rainfall.

description: Using stochastic frontier analysis, efficiency of production of wheat in Western Australia was studied. The production function model used was a relatively simple input model, consisting of wheat yield, effective rainfall, fertilizer application rates and year of study. Inefficiency was captured in a second model that incorporated machinery capital investment, opening equity level, and year of study. Data covered the production years 2004 through to 2007. The results demonstrated that inefficiency was present in wheat production in Western Australia and that inefficiency increased over the period from 18% in 2004 to 29% in 2007. Higher machinery investment per hectare and opening equity levels reduced inefficiency, due to producers having sufficient capacity, mechanical or financial, to adapt to variability within the production season. The results demonstrated the stochastic nature of efficiency and that for some firms improving efficiency may not be possible or feasible due to limitations within the firm. This also holds for firms that are relatively efficient in some years and that the reasons for the inefficiency are not necessarily production related, hence, programs targeted to improve efficiency may not be very successful. On the other hand firms that are consistently inefficient provide an ideal target audience for programs to improve efficiency. However, these programs must be conditioned on adequately identifying the source(s) of inefficiency and the producer having access to resources to increase efficiency. Similar analyses could be undertaken in different crops or different geographic locations, to identify if and why inefficiencies are present in other production systems.
Domestic and Trade Impacts of Foot and Mouth Disease and BSE on the Australian Beef Industry
Creators: name: Tozer, Peter R.
name: Marsh, Thomas L.
name: Perevodchikov, Evgeniy V.
name: Tozer, Peter R.
name: Marsh, Thomas L.
name: Perevodchikov, Evgeniy V.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010

description: Although Australia is the sixth largest producer of beef, with production of 2 million metric tonnes, behind regions such as the USA, Brazil and the EU it is the second largest exporter of beef behind Brazil. Average beef exports from Australia are approximately 65% of the total amount of beef produced or about 1.3 million metric tonnes. For these reasons Australia is particularly vulnerable to diseases that are not endemic to the country and could close or disrupt its export markets for beef. In this study we construct a bioeconomic optimization model of the Australian beef industry that captures production and consumption decisions, domestically and internationally, and the impacts on the beef industry of two potentially catastrophic diseases, foot and mouth disease (FMD) and bovine spongiform encephalitis (BSE). The results of the study suggest that depending on control methods losses to the economy of FMD range from $1.3 - $20 billion, with the impact on producers and consumers varying depending on control levels. For BSE the effect of trade bans due to the disease is a range with a gain of $200 million to a loss of $400 million in total economic welfare, with the negative impacts on producer surplus in all cases and consumer welfare being positive in all cases.
The effect of biofuel on the international oil market
Creators: name: Hochman, Gal
name: Rajagopal, Deepak
name: Zilberman, David
name: Hochman, Gal
name: Rajagopal, Deepak
name: Zilberman, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: energy
subject: OPEC
subject: biofuel
subject: fuel
subject: carbon savings
subject: optimal export tax model
subject: cheap oil

description: This paper derives a method to quantify the impact of biofuel on fuel markets, assuming that these markets are dominated by cartel of oil-rich countries, and that prices in these countries are set to maximize the sum of domestic consumer and producer surplus, leading to a wedge between domestic and international fuel prices. We model this behavior by applying the optimal export tax model (henceforth, the cartel-of-nations model) to the fuel markets. Using data from 2007 to calibrate the model, we show that the introduction of biofuels reduces global fossil fuel consumption and international fuel prices by about 1% and 2%, respectively. We identify large differences between the effects of introducing biofuels using the cartel-of-nations model, in contrast to the competitive or the standard cartel model (henceforth, the cartel-of-firms model). Given that the cartel-of-nations model correctly captures fuel markets, we illustrate that assessing the effect of introducing biofuels under a competitive fuel markets overestimates the reduction in fuel price, and underestimates the reduction of fossil fuel consumption, and therefore the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Similar conclusions are derived with respect to cartel-of-firms model. Finally, we illustrate that a 20% increase in fuel demand more than doubles the impact of biofuels on fuel markets.