cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cardiac performance, biomarkers and gene expression studies in previously sedentary men participating in half-marathon training
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014

description: © 2014 Vance et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Background: The mechanisms through which exercise reduces cardiovascular disease are not fully understood. We used echocardiograms, cardiac biomarkers and gene expression to investigate cardiovascular effects associated with exercise training. Methods: Nineteen sedentary men (22-37 years) completed a 17-week half-marathon training program. Serial measurements of resting heart rate, blood pressure, maximum oxygen consumption, lipids, C-reactive protein, cardiac troponin T, echocardiograms and blood for gene expression were obtained from baseline to peak training. Controls included 22 sedentary men who did not exercise. Results: Among the training group, VO2 max increased from 37.1 to 42.0ml/kg/min (p < 0.001). Significant changes were seen in left ventricular wall thickness and mass, stroke volume, resting heart rate and blood pressure (p < 0.001). The control group demonstrated no significant changes. Expression profiling in the training group identified 10 significantly over-expressed and 53 significantly under-expressed loci involved in inflammatory pathways. Dividing the training group into high and low responders based on percent change in VO2 max identified loci that differentiated these two groups at baseline and after training. Conclusion: Intensive exercise training leads to significant increase in cardiac and hemodynamic performance, and significant changes in expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory response.
title: Transferrin-modified chitosan nanoparticles for targeted nose-to-brain delivery of proteins
Creators: name: Gabold, Bettina
name: Adams, Friederike
name: Brameyer, Sophie
name: Jung, Kirsten
name: Ried, Christian L.
name: Merdan, Thomas
name: Merkel, Olivia M.
Publisher: name: Universität Stuttgart
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 540
subject: 570

description: Nose-to-brain delivery presents a promising alternative route compared to classical blood–brain barrier passage, especially for the delivery of high molecular weight drugs. In general, macromolecules are rapidly degraded in physiological environment. Therefore, nanoparticulate systems can be used to protect biomolecules from premature degradation. Furthermore, targeting ligands on the surface of nanoparticles are able to improve bioavailability by enhancing cellular uptake due to specific binding and longer residence time. In this work, transferrin-decorated chitosan nanoparticles are used to evaluate the passage of a model protein through the nasal epithelial barrier in vitro. It was demonstrated that strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction can be utilized to attach a functional group to both transferrin and chitosan enabling a rapid covalent surface-conjugation under mild reaction conditions after chitosan nanoparticle preparation. The intactness of transferrin and its binding efficiency were confirmed via SDS-PAGE and SPR measurements. Resulting transferrin-decorated nanoparticles exhibited a size of about 110-150 nm with a positive surface potential. Nanoparticles with the highest amount of surface bound targeting ligand also displayed the highest cellular uptake into a human nasal epithelial cell line (RPMI 2650). In an air-liquid interface co-culture model with glioblastoma cells (U87), transferrin-decorated nanoparticles showed a faster passage through the epithelial cell layer as well as increased cellular uptake into glioblastoma cells. These findings demonstrate the beneficial characteristics of a specific targeting ligand. With this chemical and technological formulation concept, a variety of targeting ligands can be attached to the surface after nanoparticle formation while maintaining cargo integrity.
Automata-based semantics for the probabilistic programming language ReDiP
Creators: name: Geißler, Dominik
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2025

description: Masterarbeit, RWTH Aachen University, 2025; Aachen : RWTH Aachen University 1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen (2025). = Masterarbeit, RWTH Aachen University, 2025
description: Published by RWTH Aachen University, Aachen
Changes in tumor stiffness for early prediction of tumor response to sorafenib: a proof-of-concept study with elastosonography in an animal model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
Creators: name: Salvatore, Veronica <1982>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: MED/09 Medicina interna

description: Background and aims: Sorafenib is the reference therapy for advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). No method exists to predict in the very early period subsequent individual response. Starting from the clinical experience in humans that subcutaneous metastases may rapidly change consistency under sorafenib and that elastosonography a new ultrasound based technique allows assessment of tissue stiffness, we investigated the role of elastonography in the very early prediction of tumor response to sorafenib in a HCC animal model. 
Methods: HCC (Huh7 cells) subcutaneous xenografting in mice was utilized. Mice were randomized to vehicle or treatment with sorafenib when tumor size was 5-10 mm. Elastosonography (Mylab 70XVG, Esaote, Genova, Italy) of the whole tumor mass on a sagittal plane with a 10 MHz linear transducer was performed at different time points from treatment start (day 0, +2, +4, +7 and +14) until mice were sacrified (day +14), with the operator blind to treatment. In order to overcome variability in absolute elasticity measurement when assessing changes over time, values were expressed in arbitrary units as relative stiffness of the tumor tissue in comparison to the stiffness of a standard reference stand-off pad lying on the skin over the tumor. 
Results: Sor-treated mice showed a smaller tumor size increase at day +14 in comparison to vehicle-treated (tumor volume increase +192.76% vs +747.56%, p=0.06). Among Sor-treated tumors, 6 mice showed a better response to treatment than the other 4 (increase in volume +177% vs +553%, p=0.011). At day +2, median tumor elasticity increased in Sor-treated group (+6.69%, range –30.17-+58.51%), while decreased in the vehicle group (-3.19%, range –53.32-+37.94%) leading to a significant difference in absolute values (p=0.034). From this time point onward, elasticity decreased in both groups, with similar speed over time, not being statistically different anymore. In Sor-treated mice all 6 best responders at day 14 showed an increase in elasticity at day +2 (ranging from +3.30% to +58.51%) in comparison to baseline, whereas 3 of the 4 poorer responders showed a decrease. Interestingly, these 3 tumours showed elasticity values higher than responder tumours at day 0.
Conclusions: Elastosonography appears a promising non-invasive new technique for the early prediction of HCC tumor response to sorafenib. Indeed, we proved that responder tumours are characterized by an early increase in elasticity. The possibility to distinguish a priori between responders and non responders based on the higher elasticity of the latter needs to be validated in ad-hoc experiments as well as a confirmation of our results in humans is warranted.
Conditional Probability Processing in the Brain
Creators: name: Sajad, Beiranvand
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The neuroscientific and mathematical analysis reveals that the human brain experiences numerous cognitive biases in understanding and processing conditional probabilities. This paper investigates the causes of these biases from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience and mathematical modeling. Initially, the concept of conditional probabilities is introduced through Bayesian theory, followed by an analysis of how the brain processes these probabilities. Subsequently, common cognitive biases, such as the base rate fallacy and confirmation bias, are examined. Finally, solutions for improving this processing through cognitive training and mathematical modeling are proposed.
Il conflitto tra libertà del mercato interno comunitario e diritti fondamentali nel diritto dell'Unione Europea: la posizione della Corte di Giustizia di Lussemburgo quale garante dei diritti fondamentali
Creators: name: Sarrion Esteve, Joaquin <1981>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: IUS/14 Diritto dell'Unione Europea

description: Come indica il titolo, questa ricerca studia il conflitto tra libertà fondamentali del mercato interno dell’Unione europea e dei diritti fondamentali e la posizione della Corte in quanto garante dei diritti nella risoluzione di tali conflitti. 
La Trattazione considera non solo la Giurisprudenza della Corte di Giustizia, che risolve i conflitti tra libertà del mercato e diritti fondamentali; ma anche l'ordinamento europeo, e il suo rapporto con il diritto nazionale, considerando anche la giurisprudenza delle corti costituzionali e supreme degli Stati membri.
L’analisi è svolta in una introduzione;  in tre capitoli (Capitolo 1, “Integrazione economica e protezzione dei diritti fondamentali”; Capitlo 2, “Conflitto tra libertà fondamentali di mercato e diritti fondamentali”; Capitolo 3, “La tutela dei diritti fondamentali negli stati membri come limiti all’integrazione europea”) e  nelle successive conclusioni.
Wordline approach to higher spin fields
Creators: name: Latini, Emanuele <1978>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2008
Subjects: FIS/02 Fisica teorica, modelli e metodi matematici

description: The main object of this thesis is the analysis and the quantization of spinning particle
models which employ extended ”one dimensional supergravity” on the worldline, and their
relation to the theory of higher spin fields (HS).
In the first part of this work we have described the classical theory of massless spinning
particles with an SO(N) extended supergravity multiplet on the worldline, in flat and more
generally in maximally symmetric backgrounds. These (non)linear sigma models describe,
upon quantization, the dynamics of particles with spin N/2.
Then we have analyzed carefully the quantization of spinning particles with SO(N)
extended supergravity on the worldline, for every N and in every dimension D. The physical
sector of the Hilbert space reveals an interesting geometrical structure: the generalized higher
spin curvature (HSC). We have shown, in particular, that these models of spinning particles
describe a subclass of HS fields whose equations of motions are conformally invariant at the
free level; in D = 4 this subclass describes all massless representations of the Poincar´e group.
In the third part of this work we have considered the one-loop quantization of SO(N)
spinning particle models by studying the corresponding partition function on the circle.
After the gauge fixing of the supergravity multiplet, the partition function reduces to an
integral over the corresponding moduli space which have been computed by using orthogonal
polynomial techniques.
Finally we have extend our canonical analysis, described previously for flat space, to
maximally symmetric target spaces (i.e. (A)dS background). The quantization of these
models produce (A)dS HSC as the physical states of the Hilbert space; we have used an
iterative procedure and Pochhammer functions to solve the differential Bianchi identity in
maximally symmetric spaces.
Motivated by the correspondence between SO(N) spinning particle models and HS gauge
theory, and by the notorious difficulty one finds in constructing an interacting theory for fields
with spin greater than two, we have used these one dimensional supergravity models to study
and extract informations on HS.
In the last part of this work we have constructed spinning particle models with sp(2) R
symmetry, coupled to Hyper K¨ahler and Quaternionic-K¨ahler (QK) backgrounds.
Theory of sounds in He II
Creators: name: Fronsdal, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A dynamical model for Landau's original approach to superfluid Helium is presented, with two velocities but only one mass density. Second sound is an adiabatic perturbation that involves the temperature and the roton, aka the notoph. The action incorporates all the conservation laws, including the equation of continuity. With only 4 canonical variables it has a higher power of prediction than Landau's later, more complicated model, with its 8 degrees of freedom. The roton is identified with the massless notoph. This theory gives a very satisfactory account of second and fourth sounds. Second sound is an adiabatic oscillation of the temperature and both vector fields, with no net material motion. Fourth sound involves the roton, the temperature and the density. With the experimental confirmation of gravitational waves the relations between Hydrodynamics and Relativity and particle physics have become more clear, and urgent. The appearance of the Newtonian potential in irrotational hydrodynamics comes directly from Einstein's equations for the metric. The density factor $ρ$ is essential; it is time to acknowledge the role that it plays in particle theory. To complete the 2-vector theory we include the massless roton mode. Although this mode too is affected by the mass density, it turns out that the wave function of the unique notoph propagating mode $\mathcal{N}$ satisfies the normal massless wave equation $\Box\mathcal{N}$ = 0; the roton propagates as a free particle in the bulk of the superfluid without meeting resistance. In this circumstance we may have discovered the mechanism that lies behind the flow of He-II through very thin pores.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
title: Derivaciones ventriculares: Hallazgos postquirúrgicos normales y complicaciones
Creators: name: Sánchez-Camacho González-Carrato, Maria del Pilar
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Obstruction / Occlusion
subject: Cerebrospinal fluid
subject: Infection
subject: Shunts
subject: Complications
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Emergency

description: Objetivos
Material y método
Resultados
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivos:
Los objetivos de este póster científico son: 1.
Revisar retrospectivamente,
en nuestro centro,
las intervenciones quirúrgicas relacionadas con derivaciones ventriculares para el tratamiento de la hidrocefalia,
desde enero del 2012 hasta abril del...
title: Desafios diagnosticos en la apendicitis aguda: imitadores y pitfalls en ecografía y TCMD
Creators: name: Mandich Crovetto, Danitza
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT
subject: Abdomen
subject: Emergency

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
Determinar y revisar casos de apendicitis aguda que han causado dudas en el diagnóstico ya sea mediante ecografía o TCMD. Para ello hemos clasificado los casos que han sido causa de desafío diagnóstico en el Servicio de Urgencias de nuestro...
title: Hematoma intramural intestinal espontáneo: espectro de presentación y diagnóstico por imagen.
Creators: name: Azcón, Francisco
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Small bowel
subject: Colon
subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT
subject: Blood
subject: Haemorrhage

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
La hemorragia intramural intestinal espontanea es una patología poco frecuente pero de incidencia creciente.
Puede tener una presentación clínica diversa cursando con dolor abdominal inespecífico que fácilmente sugiere cuadros de obstrucción...
Applicazione della neurodiagnostica avanzata allo studio dei disturbi psicologici nelle malattie infiammatorie croniche intestinali
Creators: name: Agostini, Alessandro <1973>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: M-PSI/01 Psicologia generale
M-PSI/08 Psicologia clinica

description: Background and aim
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn’s Disease (CD), collectively labelled as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disorder of the bowel with a remitting and relapsing course. IBD are associated to poor emotional functioning and psychological distress. We have investigated the brain involvement in patients with IBD using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
Materials and methods
We developed an emotional visual task to investigate the emotional functioning in 10 UC patients and 10 healthy controls (HC). Furthermore, we have compared the brain stress response between a group of 20 CD patients and a group of 18 HC. Finally, we evaluated potential morphological differences between 18 CD patients and 18 HC in a voxel based morphometry (VBM) study.
Results
We found brain functional changes in UC patients characterized by decreased activity in the amygdala in response to positive emotional stimuli. Moreover, in CD patients, the brain stress response and habituation to stressful stimuli were significantly different in the medial temporal lobe (including the amygdala and hippocampus), the insula and cerebellum. Finally, in CD patients there were morphological abnormalities in the anterior mid cingulated cortex (aMCC). 
Conclusion
IBD are associated to functional and morphological brain abnormalities. The previous intestinal inflammatory activity in IBD patients might have contributed to determine the functional and morphological changes we found. On the other hand, the dysfunctions of the brain structures we found may influence the course of the disease. Our findings might have clinical implications. The differences in the emotional processing may play a role in the development of psychological disorders in UC patients. Furthermore, in CD patients, the different habituation to stress might contribute to stress related inflammatory exacerbations. Finally, the structural changes in the aMCC might be involved in the pain symptoms associated to the bowel disorder.
Geografie in rete e in biblioteca: la ricerca bibliografica in ambito geografico, turistico e ambientale
Creators: name: Verniti, Vincenzo <1956>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: M-GGR/01 Geografia

description: The purpose of this work is to provide a methodological tool for literature searching in geography, tourism and environmental conservation. Knowledge of bibliographic and documentary resources and learning research strategies form an essential part of training for students and researchers. Literature searching is also a critical element of communication and scientific output. This work aims to analyze the characteristics, and critical issues in geography literature searching in order to provide a critical mass of useful information to correctly prepare a search.
Having addressed the issue of information literacy for the study of geography and related disciplines, including a comparison of various approaches, this work describes the physical locations of the research: libraries and archives. It outlines the issues related to the cataloging and digitization of cartographic materials. The particular characteristics of scientific communication and its primary means of dissemination, the scientific journal, are then outlined. This is followed by a description of information sources and types of documents used within the realm of geography. Tools, strategies and resources are then illustrated for conducting an effective literature search both on the web and in the library.
Comparison of hexagonal close packed and cubic close packed rare gas solids
Creators: name: Hurst, Michael James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Hexagonal close packed and cubic close packed structures of heavy rare gas atoms are compared. Lattice expansion effects are examined for a model in which atoms interact via Lennard-Jones (12-6) potentials, lattice motion is according to the quasiharmonic approximation, and the model crystals are in equilibrium at constant temperature and pressure. Phonon frequencies are found to depend sensitively upon lattice parameters. In the cubic (hexagonal) structure the phonon modes most strongly affected by expansion are long (short) wavelength, longitudinal (transverse), acoustic (optic) modes. Phonon frequencies for the cubic structure all remain real for expansions considerably greater than would cause imaginary frequencies for the hexagonal structure. Equilibrium lattice parameters are found to deviate from their static equilibrium values by amounts depending upon the De Boer parameter, the deviations being slightly greater for the hexagonal structure, which exhibits nonideal stacking. The problem of explaining the observed stability of the cubic structures of real rare gas solids is discussed.
Additional file 1 of Novel immune-related genes in the tumor microenvironment with prognostic value in breast cancer
Creators: name: Tan, Wen
name: Liu, Maomao
name: Wang, Liangshan
name: Guo, Yang
name: Wei, Changsheng
name: Zhang, Shuqi
name: Luo, Chengyu
name: Liu, Nan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1 Fig. S1. The high and low stromal/immune score groups did not show any survival differences in the four breast cancer subtypes. The high and low stromal score groups’ survival probability differences in the (A) luminal A, (B) luminal B, (C) HER2-enriched, (D) basal-like subtypes. The high and low immune score groups’ survival probability differences in the (E) luminal A, (F) luminal B, (G) HER2-enriched, and (H) basal-like subtypes. P < 0.05 in the log-rank test.
Drag and jet quenching of heavy quarks in a strongly coupled N=2* plasma
Creators: name: Hoyos-Badajoz, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The drag of a heavy quark and the jet quenching parameter are studied in the strongly coupled N=2* plasma using the AdS/CFT correspondence. Both increase in units of the spatial string tension as the theory departs from conformal invariance. The description of heavy quark dynamics using a Langevin equation is also considered. It is found that the difference between the velocity dependent factors of the transverse and longitudinal momentum broadening of the quark admit an interpretation in terms of relativistic effects, so the distribution is spherical in the quark rest frame. When conformal invariance is broken there is a broadening of the longitudinal momentum distribution. This effect may be useful in understanding the jet distribution observed in experiments.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures, references added, minor corrections. To be published in JHEP
Challenging but Full of Opportunities: Teachers' Perspectives on Programming in Primary Schools
Creators: name: Greifenstein, Luisa
name: Graßl, Isabella
name: Fraser, Gordon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.5; K.3.2
subject: 97P50

description: The widespread establishment of computational thinking in school curricula requires teachers to introduce children to programming already at primary school level. As this is a recent development, primary school teachers may neither be adequately prepared for how to best teach programming, nor may they be fully aware why they have to do so. In order to gain a better understanding of these questions, we contrast insights taken from practical experiences with the anticipations of teachers in training. By surveying 200 teachers who have taught programming at primary schools and 97 teachers in training, we identify relevant challenges when teaching programming, opportunities that arise when children learn programming, and strategies how to address both of these in practice. While many challenges and opportunities are correctly anticipated, we find several disagreements that can inform revisions of the curricula in teaching studies to better prepare primary school teachers for teaching programming at primary schools.
description: To be published in the Proceedings of the 21st Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research (Koli Calling 2021)
A Method to Modify RMT using Short-Time Behavior in Chaotic Systems
Creators: name: Smith, A. Matthew
name: Kaplan, Lev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a modification to Random Matrix Theory eigenstate statistics, that systematically takes into account the non-universal short-time behavior of chaotic systems. The method avoids diagonalization of the Hamiltonian, instead requiring only a knowledge of short-time dynamics for a chaotic system or ensemble of similar systems. Standard Random Matrix Theory and semiclassical predictions are recovered in the limits of zero Ehrenfest time and infinite Heisenberg time, respectively. As examples, we discuss wave function autocorrelations and cross-correlations, and show how the approach leads to a significant improvement in accuracy for simple chaotic systems where comparison can be made with brute-force diagonalization.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Assessing Network Operator Actions to Enhance Digital Sovereignty and Strengthen Network Resilience: A Longitudinal Analysis during the Russia-Ukraine Conflict
Creators: name: Haq, Muhammad Yasir Muzayan
name: Abhishta, Abhishta
name: Sommese, Raffaele
name: Jonker, Mattijs
name: Nieuwenhuis, Lambert J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We conduct longitudinal and temporal analyses on active DNS measurement data to investigate how the Russia-Ukraine conflict impacted the network infrastructures supporting domain names under ICANN's CZDS new gTLDs. Our findings revealed changes in the physical locations of network infrastructures, utilization of managed DNS services, infrastructure redundancy, and distribution, which started right after the first reported Russian military movements in February 2022. We also found that domains from different countries had varying location preferences when moving their hosting infrastructure. These observed changes suggest that network operators took proactive measures in anticipation of an armed conflict to promote resilience and protect the sovereignty of their networks in response to the conflict.
Energy Transfer in Multi Field Inflation and Cosmological Perturbations
Creators: name: Ashoorioon, Amjad
name: Krause, Axel
name: Turzynski, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In cascade inflation and some other string inflation models, collisions of mobile branes with other branes or orbifold planes occur and lead to interesting cosmological signatures. The fundamental M/string-theory description of these collisions is still lacking but it is clear that the inflaton looses part of its energy to some form of brane matter, e.g. a component of tensionless strings. In the absence of a fundamental description, we assume a general barotropic fluid on the brane, which absorbs part of the inflaton's energy. The fluid is modeled by a scalar with a suitable exponential potential to arrive at a full-fledged field theory model. We study numerically the impact of the energy transfer from the inflaton to the scalar on curvature and isocurvature perturbations and demonstrate explicitly that the curvature power spectrum gets modulated by oscillations which damp away toward smaller scales. Even though, the contribution of isocurvature perturbations decays toward the end of inflation, they induce curvature perturbations on scales that exit the horizon before the collision. We consider cases where the scalar behaves like radiation, matter or a web of cosmic strings and discuss the differences in the resulting power spectra.
description: v1: 25 pages, 7 figures; v2: references added;v3: typo corrected, accepted for publication to JCAP
Calculation of parity nonconserving amplitude and other properties of Ra+
Creators: name: Pal, Rupsi
name: Jiang, Dansha
name: Safronova, M. S.
name: Safronova, U. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have calculated parity nonconserving 7s - 6d_{3/2} amplitude E_PNC in 223Ra+ using high-precision relativistic all-order method where all single and double excitations of the Dirac-Fock wave functions are included to all orders of perturbation theory. Detailed study of the uncertainty of the parity nonconserving (PNC) amplitude is carried out; additional calculations are performed to estimate some of the missing correlation corrections. A systematic study of the parity conserving atomic properties, including the calculation of the energies, transition matrix elements, lifetimes, hyperfine constants, quadrupole moments of the 6d states, as well as dipole and quadrupole ground state polarizabilities, is carried out. The results are compared with other theoretical calculations and available experimental values.
description: 10 pages
Statistical analysis of the very quiet Sun magnetism
Creators: name: Gonzalez, M. J. Martinez
name: Sainz, R. Manso
name: Ramos, A. Asensio
name: Ariste, A. Lopez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The behavior of the observed polarization amplitudes with spatial resolution is a strong constraint on the nature and organization of solar magnetic fields below the resolution limit. We study the polarization of the very quiet Sun at different spatial resolutions using ground- and space-based observations. It is shown that 80% of the observed polarization signals do not change with spatial resolution, suggesting that, observationally, the very quiet Sun magnetism remains the same despite the high spatial resolution of space-based observations. Our analysis also reveals a cascade of spatial scales for the magnetic field within the resolution element. It is manifest that the Zeeman effect is sensitive to the microturbulent field usually associated to Hanle diagnostics. This demonstrates that Zeeman and Hanle studies show complementary perspectives of the same magnetism.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
RPA calculations with Gaussian expansion method
Creators: name: Nakada, H.
name: Mizuyama, K.
name: Yamagami, M.
name: Matsuo, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Gaussian expansion method (GEM) is extensively applied to the calculations in the random-phase approximation (RPA). We adopt the mass-independent basis-set that has been tested in the mean-field calculations. By comparing the RPA results with those obtained by several other available methods for Ca isotopes, using a density-dependent contact interaction and the Woods-Saxon single-particle states, we confirm that energies, transition strengths and widths of their distribution are described by the GEM bases to good precision, for the $1^-$, $2^+$ and $3^-$ collective states. The GEM is then applied to the self-consistent RPA calculations with the finite-range Gogny D1S interaction. The spurious center-of-mass motion is well separated from the physical states in the $E1$ response, and the energy-weighted sum rules for the isoscalar transitions are fulfilled reasonably well. Properties of low-energy transitions in $^{60}$Ca are argued in some detail.
description: 30 pages including 12 figures
The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XVII. Six long-period giant planets around BD -17 0063, HD 20868, HD 73267, HD 131664, HD 145377, HD 153950
Creators: name: Moutou, C.
name: Mayor, M.
name: Curto, G. Lo
name: Udry, S.
name: Bouchy, F.
name: Benz, W.
name: Lovis, C.
name: Naef, D.
name: Pepe, F.
name: Queloz, D.
name: Santos, N. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of six new substellar companions of main-sequence stars, detected through multiple Doppler measurements with the instrument HARPS installed on the ESO 3.6m telescope, La Silla, Chile. These extrasolar planets are orbiting the stars BD -17 0063, HD 20868, HD 73267, HD 131664, HD 145377, HD 153950. The orbital characteristics which best fit the observed data are depicted in this paper, as well as the stellar and planetary parameters. Masses of the companions range from 2 to 18 Jupiter masses, and periods range from 100 to 2000 days. The observational data are carefully analysed for activity-induced effects and we conclude on the reliability of the observed radial-velocity variations as of exoplanetary origin. Of particular interest is the very massive planet (or brown-dwarf companion) around the metal-rich HD 131664 with M2sini= 18.15 MJup, and a 5.34-year orbital period. These new discoveries reinforces the observed statistical properties of the exoplanet sample as known so far.
description: accepted in A&A, 7 Pages + online tables
New Cycle-based Formulation, Cost Function, and Heuristics for DC OPF Based Controlled Islanding
Creators: name: Tyuryukanov, Ilya
name: Popov, Marjan
name: Bos, Jorrit A.
name: van der Meijden, Mart A. M. M.
name: Terzija, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents a new formulation for intentional controlled islanding (ICI) of power transmission grids based on mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) DC optimal power flow (OPF) model. We highlight several deficiencies of the most well-known formulation for this problem and propose new enhancements for their improvement. In particular, we propose a new alternative optimization objective that may be more suitable for ICI than the minimization of load shedding, a new set of island connectivity constraints, and a new set of constraints for DC OPF with switching, and a new MILP heuristic to find initial feasible solutions for ICI. It is shown that the proposed improvements help to reduce the final optimality gaps as compared to the benchmark model on several test instances.
description: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2022.108588
BFRT: Blockchained Federated Learning for Real-time Traffic Flow Prediction
Creators: name: Meese, Collin
name: Chen, Hang
name: Asif, Syed Ali
name: Li, Wanxin
name: Shen, Chien-Chung
name: Nejad, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurate real-time traffic flow prediction can be leveraged to relieve traffic congestion and associated negative impacts. The existing centralized deep learning methodologies have demonstrated high prediction accuracy, but suffer from privacy concerns due to the sensitive nature of transportation data. Moreover, the emerging literature on traffic prediction by distributed learning approaches, including federated learning, primarily focuses on offline learning. This paper proposes BFRT, a blockchained federated learning architecture for online traffic flow prediction using real-time data and edge computing. The proposed approach provides privacy for the underlying data, while enabling decentralized model training in real-time at the Internet of Vehicles edge. We federate GRU and LSTM models and conduct extensive experiments with dynamically collected arterial traffic data shards. We prototype the proposed permissioned blockchain network on Hyperledger Fabric and perform extensive tests using virtual machines to simulate the edge nodes. Experimental results outperform the centralized models, highlighting the feasibility of our approach for facilitating privacy-preserving and decentralized real-time traffic flow prediction.
description: Published in 2022 22nd IEEE International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing (CCGrid)
A Hierarchical and Location-aware Consensus Protocol for IoT-Blockchain Applications
Creators: name: Guo, Hao
name: Li, Wanxin
name: Nejad, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Blockchain-based IoT systems can manage IoT devices and achieve a high level of data integrity, security, and provenance. However, incorporating existing consensus protocols in many IoT systems limits scalability and leads to high computational cost and consensus latency. In addition, location-centric characteristics of many IoT applications paired with limited storage and computing power of IoT devices bring about more limitations, primarily due to the location-agnostic designs in blockchains. We propose a hierarchical and location-aware consensus protocol (LH-Raft) for IoT-blockchain applications inspired by the original Raft protocol to address these limitations. The proposed LH-Raft protocol forms local consensus candidate groups based on nodes' reputation and distance to elect the leaders in each sub-layer blockchain. It utilizes a threshold signature scheme to reach global consensus and the local and global log replication to maintain consistency for blockchain transactions. To evaluate the performance of LH-Raft, we first conduct an extensive numerical analysis based on the proposed reputation mechanism and the candidate group formation model. We then compare the performance of LH-Raft against the classical Raft protocol from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. We evaluate the proposed threshold signature scheme using Hyperledger Ursa cryptography library to measure various consensus nodes' signing and verification time. Experimental results show that the proposed LH-Raft protocol is scalable for large IoT applications and significantly reduces the communication cost, consensus latency, and agreement time for consensus processing.
description: Published in IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management ( Volume: 19, Issue: 3, September 2022). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2305.16962
Lax operator algebras and Hamiltonian integrable hierarchies
Creators: name: Sheinman, Oleg K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 17B80, 32L05, 81R10

description: We consider the theory of Lax equations in complex simple and reductive classical Lie algebras with the spectral parameter on a Riemann surface of finite genus. Our approach is based on the new objects -- the Lax operator algebras, and develops the approach of I.Krichever treating the $\gl(n)$ case. For every Lax operator considered as the mapping sending a point of the cotangent bundle on the space of extended Tyrin data to an element of the corresponding Lax operator algebra we construct the hierarchy of mutually commuting flows given by Lax equations and prove that those are Hamiltonian with respect to the Krichever-Phong symplectic structure. The corresponding Hamiltonians give integrable finite-dimensional Hitchin-type systems. For example we derive elliptic $A_n$, $C_n$, $D_n$ Calogero-Moser systems in frame of our approach.
description: 27 pages
Broadband Ferromagnetic Resonance Linewidth Measurement of Magnetic Tunnel Junction Multilayers
Creators: name: Sierra, J. F.
name: Aliev, F. G.
name: Heindl, R.
name: Russek, S. E.
name: Rippard, W. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The broadband ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth of the free layer of magnetic tunnel junctions is used as a simple diagnostic of the quality of the magnetic structure. The FMR linewidth increases near the field regions of free layer reversal and pinned layer reversal, and this increase correlates with an increase in magnetic hysteresis in unpatterned films, low frequency noise in patterned devices, and previous observations of magnetic domain ripple by use of Lorentz microscopy. Postannealing changes the free layer FMR linewidth indicating that considerable magnetic disorder, originating in the exchange-biased pinned layer, is transferred to the free layer.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Discovery of Extremely High Velocity "Molecular Bullets" in the HH 80-81 High-Mass Star-Forming Region
Creators: name: Qiu, Keping
name: Zhang, Qizhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Submillimter Array 1.3 mm waveband continuum and molecular line observations of the HH 80-81 high-mass star-forming region. The dust continuum emission reveals two dominant peaks MM1 and MM2, and line emission from high-density tracers suggests the presence of another core MC. Molecular line emission from MM1, which harbors the exciting source of the HH 80-81 radio jet, yields a hot molecular core at a gas temperature of 110 K. The two younger cores MM2 and MC both appear to power collimated CO outflows. In particular, the outflow arising from MM2 exhibits a jet-like morphology and a broad velocity range of 190 km/s. The outflow contains compact and fast moving molecular clumps, known as "molecular bullets" first discovered in low-mass class 0 protostellar outflows. These "bullets" cannot be locally entrained or swept up from the ambient gas, but are more likely ejected from the close vicinity of the central protostar. The discovery of this remarkable outflow manifests an episodic, disk-mediated accretion for massive star formation.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Casimir energy of finite width mirrors: renormalization, self-interaction limit and Lifshitz formula
Creators: name: Fialkovsky, I. V.
name: Markov, V. N.
name: Pis'mak, Yu. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the field theoretical model of a scalar field in presence of spacial inhomogeneities in form of one and two finite width mirrors (material slabs). The interaction of the scalar field with the defect is described with position-dependent mass term. Within this model we derive the interaction of two finite width mirrors, establish the correspondence of the model to the Lifshitz formula and construct limiting procedure to obtain finite self-energy of a single mirror without any normalization condition.
description: 5 pages, based on the presentation on the Ninth Conference on Quantum Field Theory under the influence of External Conditions, Oklahoma, 2009
Amplification trojan network: Attack deep neural networks by amplifying their inherent weakness
Creators: name: Hu, Zhanhao
name: Zhu, Jun
name: Zhang, Bo
name: Hu, Xiaolin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent works found that deep neural networks (DNNs) can be fooled by adversarial examples, which are crafted by adding adversarial noise on clean inputs. The accuracy of DNNs on adversarial examples will decrease as the magnitude of the adversarial noise increase. In this study, we show that DNNs can be also fooled when the noise is very small under certain circumstances. This new type of attack is called Amplification Trojan Attack (ATAttack). Specifically, we use a trojan network to transform the inputs before sending them to the target DNN. This trojan network serves as an amplifier to amplify the inherent weakness of the target DNN. The target DNN, which is infected by the trojan network, performs normally on clean data while being more vulnerable to adversarial examples. Since it only transforms the inputs, the trojan network can hide in DNN-based pipelines, e.g. by infecting the pre-processing procedure of the inputs before sending them to the DNNs. This new type of threat should be considered in developing safe DNNs.
description: Published Sep 2022 in Neurocomputing
Forward coherent $ω$ and $ϕ$ mesons production in the photon induced reaction on nuclei
Creators: name: Das, Swapan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The differential cross sections of the forward coherent $ω$ and $ϕ$ mesons photoproduction from nuclei have been calculated using the Glauber model for the nuclear reaction. The measured cross section of the elementary reaction, i.e., $γN \to ω(ϕ) N$ reaction, are used as input in the Glauber model. The experimentally determined free-space scattering parameters of the quoted mesons have been used to evaluate the meson nucleus interactions. The sensitivity of the cross section to the Fermi-motion of the nucleon and the nucleon-nucleon short-range correlation in the nucleus are studied. The calculated results are compared with the measured cross sections.
description: Preprint - 15 pages, 4 figures
Magnetohydrodynamics of neutron star interiors
Creators: name: Easson, Ian Whiteman
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The dynamics of the charged particles in the fluid interior of rotating magnetized neutron stars (pulsars) is investigated. It is shown that a magnetohydrodynamic approach is valid under a wide variety of conditions. The small amplitude waves that can propagate in the "charged" fluid are sound waves (period ~< 10⁻⁴ sec), inertial waves (≈ 1 sec) and hydromagnetic-inertial waves (~< months). Generally, the most effective damping mechanism is viscosity. Viscous damping times for hydromagnetic-inertial waves can be as long as hundreds of years. Several normal sound mode and normal inertial mode calculations are performed. The motion of the charged fluid over the time scales of inertial waves and hydromagnetic-inertial waves is simulated on a computer. Mode-mode coupling, boundary layers, and the acceleration of the crust due to charged fluid motion are also studied. The most important conclusion in this thesis is that the time the charged fluid as a whole takes to respond to a sudden disturbance such as a change in the angular velocity or acceleration of the crust is the time for a long wavelength hydromagnetic-inertial wave to cross the star. Contrary to an assumption which has been made in models of pulsar post-glitch behaviour, the charged fluid response time is not necessarily small compared to post-glitch relaxation times. In view of this, models of post-glitch behaviour which assume that the charged fluid response time is small compared to post-glitch relaxation times should be re-examined.