cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Efficient proton arc optimization and delivery through energy layer pre-selection and post-filtering
Creators: name: Wuyckens, S.
name: Wase, V.
name: Marthin, O.
name: Sundström, J.
name: Janssens, G.
name: Borderias-Villarroel, E.
name: Souris, K.
name: Sterpin, E.
name: Engwall, E.
name: Lee, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Proton arc therapy (PAT) has emerged as a promising approach for improving dose distribution, but also enabling simpler and faster treatment delivery in comparison to conventional proton treatments. However, the delivery speed achievable in proton arc relies on dedicated algorithms, which currently do not generate plans with a clear speed-up and sometimes even result in increased delivery time. This study aims to address the challenge of minimizing delivery time through a hybrid method combining a fast geometry-based energy layer (EL) pre-selection with a dose-based EL filtering. Three methods of EL filtering were developed; The unrestricted method filters the lowest weighted EL while the SU gap filtering removes the EL around a new SU to minimize the gantry rotation braking. The SU filtering removes the lowest weighted group of EL that includes a SU. These filters were combined with the RayStation dynamic proton arc optimization framework (ELSA). Four bilateral oropharyngeal and four lung cancer patients' data were used for evaluation. Objective function values, target coverage robustness, organ-at-risk doses and NTCP evaluations, as well as comparisons to IMPT plans, were used to assess plan quality. The SU gap filtering algorithm performed best in five out of the eight cases, maintaining plan quality within tolerance while reducing beam delivery time, in particular for the oropharyngeal cohort. It achieved up to approximately 22% and 15% reduction in delivery time for oropharyngeal and lung treatment sites, respectively. The unrestricted filtering algorithm followed closely. In contrast, the SU filtering showed limited improvement, suppressing one or two SU without substantial delivery time shortening. Robust target coverage was kept within 1% of variation compared to the PAT baseline plan while organs-at-risk doses slightly decreased or kept about the same for all patients.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures
The development of an analytical tool for integrating 'the voice of the consumer' in new product development
Creators: name: De Carlos, Pilar
name: Garcia Martinez, Marian
name: De Felipe, Isabel
name: Briz, Julian
name: Morais, Federico
name: De Carlos, Pilar
name: Garcia Martinez, Marian
name: De Felipe, Isabel
name: Briz, Julian
name: Morais, Federico
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: quality function deployment
subject: new product development
subject: voice of consumer.

description: The development of new products and how the process is organised and managed within the firm is a key area in management research due to the high failure rate of new products and the consequent waste of limited resources. Developing new products and being innovative requires companies to have deep understanding of the consumer, the market and the environment but most importantly to effectively apply this knowledge in the development of new products that meet consumer's expectations. This paper aims at developing an innovative framework to incorporate the 'voice of consumer' at early stages of the new product development (NPD) process. To that end, the paper will consider the practical implementation of the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) in the development of new food products. QFD is considered as the most complete and comprehensive methodology for planning the goals of a stream of processes in order to align them with customer's requirements. QFD forces the design team to place customer needs in first place and ensures that this customer focus is kept through the NPD process. In doing so, QFD reduces two types of risks: first, the non- correspondence between product specifications and the wants of a predetermined target consumer group; and second, the risk that final products do not comply with product specifications. To date, QFD has been partially applied in the food area with only a handful of studies venturing in this research area.
Von Neumann Uniqueness Theorem doesn't hold in Hyperbolic Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Khrennikov, A.
name: Segre, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that Von Neumann Uniqueness Theorem doesn't hold in Hyperbolic Quantum Mechanics
description: accepted for publication on "International Journal of Theoretical Physics"
Renewable energy - new forces in global ethanol trade?
Creators: name: Salamon, Petra
name: Ledebur, Oliver Von
name: Elmahdi, Kamal
name: Klepper, Rainer
name: Salamon, Petra
name: Ledebur, Oliver Von
name: Elmahdi, Kamal
name: Klepper, Rainer
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: gravity equation
subject: bilateral trade flows
subject: trade with renewable energy
subject: biofuels
subject: and econometric estimation

description: The paper presents an extended gravity equation application for the global trade with ethanol. The background and different attempts for a theoretical foundation of the standard approach are discussed. The econometric work takes regional integration schemes into account, as well as the influence of the production factor agricultural land and the level of oil prices on the world market. Results indicate that global bilateral trade flows of ethanol can be explained by a set of comprehensive explanatory variables, including regional agreements and the price level of oil. From a global perspective the EU effect on trade flows is trade diverting as the regional agreement reduces the linkage to world markets and increases the intra-regional level of trade with ethanol. The analysis over time however indicates that the decoupling of the EU ethanol market from the world market is decreasing, potentially reflecting demand increases within the EU.
On $3$-generated axial algebras of Jordan type $\frac{1}{2}$
Creators: name: Bildanov, Ravil
name: Gorshkov, Ilya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Axial algebras of Jordan type $η$ are a special type of commutative non-associative algebras. They are generated by idempotents whose adjoint operators have the minimal polynomial dividing $(x-1)x(x-η)$, where $η$ is a fixed value that is not equal to $0$ or $1$. These algebras have restrictive multiplication rules that generalize the Peirce decomposition for idempotents in Jordan algebras.
 A universal $3$-generated algebra of Jordan type $\frac{1}{2}$ as an algebra with $4$ parameters was constructed by I. Gorshkov and A. Staroletov. Depending on the value of the parameter, the universal algebra may contain a non-trivial form radical. In this paper, we describe all semisimple $3$-generated algebras of Jordan type $\frac{1}{2}$ over a quadratically closed field.
description: 12 pages
High-frequency broadband laser phase noise cancellation using a delay line
Creators: name: Parniak, Michał
name: Galinskiy, Ivan
name: Zwettler, Timo
name: Polzik, Eugene S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser phase noise remains a limiting factor in many experimental settings, including metrology, time-keeping, as well as quantum optics. Hitherto this issue was addressed at low frequencies, ranging from well below 1 Hz to maximally 100 kHz. However, a wide range of experiments, such as, e.g., those involving nanomechanical membrane resonators, are highly sensitive to noise at higher frequencies in the range of 100 kHz to 10 MHz, such as nanomechanical membrane resonators. Here we employ a fiber-loop delay line interferometer optimized to cancel laser phase noise at frequencies around 1.5 MHz. We achieve noise reduction in 300 kHz-wide bands with a peak reduction of more than 10 dB at desired frequencies, reaching phase noise of less than -160 dB (rad$^2$/Hz) with a Ti:Al$_2$O$_3$ laser. These results provide a convenient noise reduction technique to achieve deep ground-state cooling of mechanical motion.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of Validation of the EQ-5D in Taiwan using item response theory
Creators: name: Liu, Tzu-Hung
name: Ho, Andrew D.
name: Hsu, Yu-Tien
name: Hsu, Chih-Cheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Astaxanthin in juvenile farmed Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) : effective dietary levels for flesh pigmentation and influence on fatty acid profile during cold temperature storage of fillets
Creators: name: Thomas, Alison Carolyn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Astaxanthin (Ax) is the pigment responsible for the characteristic flesh colour of salmonids and must be present in the diet of farmed salmon in order for them to attain a colour acceptable to consumers. These studies were conducted to investigate the potential for early pigmentation in chinook salmon, to determine an effective dietary concentration of Ax for juvenile chinook, and to examine possible antioxidative activity of Ax in salmon fillets stored under aerobic and anaerobic conditions at -3°C. In Experiment 1, all-female chinook salmon smolts with a mean initial body weight of ~40g were fed a diet containing no added Ax (control), or one of three diets containing low (3 mm pellet, 29.56 ppm Ax; 4 mm pellet, 25.73 ppm Ax), medium (3 mm pellet, 40.11 ppm Ax; 4 mm pellet, 39.60 ppm Ax) or high (3 mm pellet, 76.42 ppm Ax; 4 mm pellet, 59.82 ppm Ax) synthetic Ax. Fish were fed the 3 mm pellet for the first three monihs and the 4 mm pellet for the remainder of the study. At three and seven months, 24 fish per treatment were sacrificed and analyzed for colour using the Roche Colour Card for Salmonids, a Hunter Lab Labscan, and quantification of flesh Ax concentrations by high performance liquid chromatography. Results from Experiment 1 showed that chinook salmon weighing < 120 g were capable of attaining a high degree of visible pigmentation. In general, there was not a good direct relationship between fish size and flesh level of Ax. The concentration of Ax in the diet had a significant effect on flesh colour and Ax content, but not the proximate composition of the fillet. Time was not a significant factor in pigmentation, however the time*diet interaction was significant. Good correlations (r > 0.8) were found between flesh levels of Ax and the Hunter Lab a, chroma, and Roche Colour Card scores. In Experiment 2, pigmented and non-pigmented fillets were stored at -3°C for up to 6 weeks under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Methyl esterified lipid extracts from all fillets were analyzed via gas chromatography to assess changes in fatty acid composition attributed to oxidation. Analysis of the ratios of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids from Experiment 2 revealed no significant difference due to pigmentation of fillets. This indicates that astaxanthin had neither antioxidative nor prooxidative activity under the conditions used in the present study.
Elicitation on focus-marking
Creators: name: Rudolph, Johnny (Soni)
name: Drummond, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: nkr

description: Two .wav audio files and two .rtf transcription files for elicitations on focus-marking, particularly "go". Corresponds to pages 8-24 in notebook 3.
Generalized Eikonal Knots and New Integrable Dynamical Systems
Creators: name: Wereszczynski, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new class of non-linear O(3) models is introduced. It is shown that these systems lead to integrable submodels if an additional integrability condition (so called the generalized eikonal equation) is imposed. In the case of particular members of the family of the models the exact solutions describing toroidal solitons with a non-trivial value of the Hopf index are obtained. Moreover, the generalized eikonal equation is analyzed in detail. Topological solutions describing torus knots are presented. Multi-knot configurations are found as well.
description: 13 pages
Active instability and nonlinear dynamics of cell-cell junctions
Creators: name: Krajnc, Matej
name: Stern, Tomer
name: Zankoc, Clement
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active cell-junction remodeling is important for tissue morphogenesis, yet its underlying physics is not understood. We study a mechanical model that describes junctions as dynamic active force dipoles. Their instability can trigger cell intercalations by a critical collapse. Nonlinearities in tissue's elastic response can stabilize the collapse either by a limit cycle or condensation of junction lengths at cusps of the energy landscape. Furthermore, active junction networks undergo collective instability to drive active in-plane ordering or develop a limit cycle of collective oscillations, which extends over regions of the energy landscape corresponding to distinct network topologies.
Whose Sexuality Is It Anyway? The Virgin Goddess and Asexuality in Greek Myth
Creators: name: Allen, Taylor Burke
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Asexuality
Greek Mythology
Greek Goddess
Athena
Artemis

description: This thesis explores the virgin goddesses of the Olympic pantheon, specifically Athena and Artemis, and asexuality in Greek mythology. The analysis consists of three chapters, each narrowing toward presenting Athena and Artemis as additions to the historical tradition of asexuality. The first chapter examines gender roles and sexuality in classical Athens, specifically identifying compulsory sexuality in society, the necessity of control of female sexuality, and the subversive nature of celibacy to the polis. The second chapter analyzes gender roles and sexuality on Mount Olympus, looking to answer the questions of “why were only goddesses eternally celibate?” and “why were only certain goddesses eternally celibate?” This chapter concludes that only goddesses were explicitly celibate for three reasons: male gods’ sexuality did not impact their power, characterization, and spheres of influence like female goddesses’ sexuality did, entering into a relationship was inherently femininzing in a world wherein the masculine maintained more agency, and an eternal vow of celibacy was the best way to protect oneself from sexual violence. Furthermore, this chapter determines that Athena’s celibacy was tied to her role as protector of the polis; like the polis, she had to remain impenetrable. Artemis’ celibacy was tied to her role as goddess of transitory states and adolescence; she could not be confined within a relationship any more than she could be confined within city life, and her status as a permanent adolescent removed her from the world of sexuality. The third and final chapter identifies asexual resonances in Athena and Artemis’ mythos. Based on these resonances, this thesis recommends Athena and Artemis as additions to the asexual historical tradition.
Additional file 1 of Cognitive testing of a survey instrument to assess sexual practices, behaviours, and health outcomes: a multi-country study protocol
Creators: name: Gonsalves, Lianne
name: Hunter, Erin C.
name: Brizuela, Vanessa
name: Tucker, Joseph D.
name: Srinivas, Megan L.
name: Gitau, Evelyn
name: Mercer, Catherine H.
name: Bajos, Nathalie
name: Collins, Debbie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Draft survey instrument development—an overview.
Consumers WTP for wine with certified origin: Latent classes based on attitudinal responses
Creators: name: Scarpa, Riccardo
name: Thiene, Mara
name: Galletto, Luigi
name: Scarpa, Riccardo
name: Thiene, Mara
name: Galletto, Luigi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Latent Class Attitudinal model
subject: consumer preferences
subject: organic products
subject: WTP
subject: unobserved heterogeneity

description: This paper investigates preference heterogeneity of wine consumers by using latent class models based on attitudinal questions. Such responses turn out to be an important source of additional information when the goal is to identify different groups of people with a similar wine preference structure. We assume that preferences are latent and the responses to attitudinal questions are the visible effect of this latent heterogeneity. We find evidence of 4 different classes of respondents with similar response patterns. We focus on preferences for a well-known wine, the Prosecco, and sample the population in the area of production. For each preference-class we estimate a class-specific WTP equation for this wine, so as to estimate the class responsiveness of WTP to various determinants. Estimates for a 4-class model are discussed in detail to illustrate the potential of this approach in characterizing the preferences of local consumers for the two most common certifications of origin.
Additional file 2 of Cognitive testing of a survey instrument to assess sexual practices, behaviours, and health outcomes: a multi-country study protocol
Creators: name: Gonsalves, Lianne
name: Hunter, Erin C.
name: Brizuela, Vanessa
name: Tucker, Joseph D.
name: Srinivas, Megan L.
name: Gitau, Evelyn
name: Mercer, Catherine H.
name: Bajos, Nathalie
name: Collins, Debbie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Sexual health survey instrument version 15, (16 November 2021).
Curvature bounce in general relativity: background and primordial spectrum
Creators: name: Renevey, Cyril
name: Barrau, Aurélien
name: Martineau, Killian
name: Touati, Selim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent data suggest that the Universe could be positively curved. Combined with an inflationary stage, this might lead to a curvature bounce instead of the Big Bang. The background evolution is presented, as a function of the parameters controlling the cosmic evolution. The primordial tensor spectrum is also calculated and possible observational footprints of the model are underlined. Several potentials are considered and general remarks are made about "naturalness" in this context.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
English Unless Otherwise Specified: Comparing Changes in Hong Kong Language Policy and Planning Pre and Post Handover Period
Creators: name: Alvis, Anna
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Hong Kong
Language Policy
Language Rights

description: In this thesis, I explore how the multilingual language-scape of Hong Kong is shaped by the language-related efforts by the HKSAR government and by the Hong Kong independence movement. In the 2010’s Hong Kong independence seemed like a real possibility, with multiple protests and large scale movements gaining worldwide attention. However, in 2021 widespread government takeover cut Hong Kong out of the global narrative, and since then reporting from Hong Kong has been minimal due to the threat of the Chinese Communist Party looming over the region. However independence has not been the only fight to occur in Hong Kong. Since the 60’s there have been protests fighting to gain more rights for non-English speakers, and since the Handover period (years around 1997 when Hong Kong was handed over from Britan to the CCP) there has also been many conversations in public policy and protest movement surrounding the Cantonese specific identity. However, English has remained an official Language in Hong Kong, and Putonghua (Mandarin) has been added as an official language since the Handover, despite the widespread lack of Putonghua speakers. rough this research, I will expand on how the people of Hong Kong have framed their language usage and identity over time. I will evaluate how the Cantonese language has played a part in the independence movement, while also investigating how the people of Hong Kong view their own language identity versus how it is displayed in government documents to better understand how language policy reflects people’s own conceptualization of language ideologies, and to further understand how language has failed to carve out a distinct Hong Kong Cantonese Identity. With 1997 serving as a turning point, there was a large shift in language policy specifically in education as Cantonese education became relegated, however through my research I will show that the people of Hong Kong were still heavily invested in mother tongue education, however they used different mediums post 1997
Semantics for a Turing-complete Reversible Programming Language with Inductive Types
Creators: name: Chardonnet, Kostia
name: Lemonnier, Louis
name: Valiron, Benoît
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper is concerned with the expressivity and denotational semantics of a functional higher-order reversible programming language based on Theseus. In this language, pattern-matching is used to ensure the reversibility of functions. We show how one can encode any Reversible Turing Machine in said language. We then build a sound and adequate categorical semantics based on join inverse categories, with additional structures to capture pattern-matching. We then derive a full completeness result, stating that any computable, partial injective function is the image of a term in the language.
description: Accepted to FSCD'24
Revising Reality: An Investigation of LGBTQIA+ Representation in Contemporary Speculative TV Shows
Creators: name: D'Antoni, Emma
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: queer
LGBT
speculative
science fiction
fantasy
pop culture
representation
Torchwood
Killjoys
Umbrella Academy

description: Television plays a powerful role in shaping modern society— educating us, strengthening our connections, and influencing our moral and personal development. As one of the dominant narrative mediums of the 21st century, it follows that television carries a moral responsibility for fostering a more accepting and equitable society. This responsibility includes demanding greater diversity and representation in storytelling, especially within speculative fiction genres, since the reach of these genres and the implications of their subject matter are so vast. In this thesis, I explore LGBTQIA+ representation in contemporary speculative television, with a spotlight on the science fiction sub-genre. I begin by examining how the traditions, theory, and public perceptions of speculative TV media make inclusivity in this super-genre uniquely important. Once the value of representation in these texts is established, I zero in on one of the most prominent speculative genres, science fiction, and perform a close analysis of three shows from 2000–present to evaluate whether these shows are meaningfully inclusive and assess what progress has been made in the last two decades. To aid me in appraising something as subjective as quality representation, I have designed a rubric informed by queer theory and based on Kristen J. Warner’s and Mary Beltrán’s models of plastic vs. meaningful cultural diversity. Though progress has been made in the past twenty years to make these genres more inclusive, much queer representation in today’s media landscape is still confined to token characters and plastic subplots within otherwise normative narratives. Though there are modern shows that rise above and beyond, a paradigm shift is needed in how TV creators imagine and depict speculative societies.
Universality Class of the Reversible-Irreversible Transition in Sheared Suspensions
Creators: name: Menon, Gautam I.
name: Ramaswamy, Sriram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collections of non-Brownian particles suspended in a viscous fluid and subjected to oscillatory shear at very low Reynolds number have recently been shown to exhibit a remarkable dynamical phase transition separating reversible from irreversible behaviour as the strain amplitude or volume fraction are increased. We present a simple model for this phenomenon, based on which we argue that this transition lies in the universality class of the conserved DP models or, equivalently, the Manna model. This leads to predictions for the scaling behaviour of a large number of experimental observables. Non-Brownian suspensions under oscillatory shear may thus constitute the first experimental realization of an inactive-active phase transition which is not in the universality class of conventional directed percolation.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, final version
Consumers' perception of food traceability in Europe
Creators: name: Giraud, Georges
name: Halawany, Rafia
name: Giraud, Georges
name: Halawany, Rafia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Traceability
subject: Consumer Attitudes
subject: Focus Groups
subject: European Countries

description: Food traceability has become mandatory since 1st January 2005 in the European Union. Traceability of products and activities in the supply chain has become a new factor of competitiveness in agribusiness and is deemed to be an important criterion of perception of food product quality and safety for consumers. This paper has three objectives: i) to get a deeper understanding of the role of the "ability-to- trace" in consumer decision- making process with respect to food, ii) to measure consumers' acceptability for food traceability, iii) to check the differences of these matters across twelve European countries in order to highlight any specificity. The purpose is based on the analysis of the verbatim recorded within twenty four focus groups discussions carried- out in autumn 2005.
Predictive Modeling on Cardiovascular Health
Creators: name: Dinh, Jas
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: predictive modeling
healthcare
data science
machine learning
artificial intelligence
replication
big data
stroke

description: With expenses escalating in American healthcare, leveraging data analytics can help cut costs and improve patient satisfaction. Employing machine learning for predictive modeling can pinpoint high-risk patients, enabling proactive care instead of reactive. In my thesis, I replicated healthcare data analytics studies to showcase the potency of machine learning. I compared methods, algorithms, and models while highlighting ethical issues in big data analytics for healthcare. In the study analysis, Dristas & Trigka (2022) exhibited the most replicable and comprehensive results. Tazin et al. (2021) erred by including synthetic samples in the testing set during the SMOTE process while Dev et al. (2022) used an under-sampling technique, diminishing an already small dataset and risking accuracy issues. Despite the immense potential of machine learning in healthcare, my results revealed execution flaws that highlight the importance of additional research to validate big data analytics in healthcare. Replicating studies is crucial for making well-informed decisions based on reliable evidence. A collaborative effort between data scientists, healthcare professionals, and policymakers is essential to safeguard patient privacy and ensure responsible technology use in healthcare.
Urban hydrology
Creators: name: Welsh, Peter Geoffrey
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Water has played a key role in various aspects of our lives. We need water to physically survive, yet we also need water to spiritually and psychologically develop. Water plays a key role in the myths, legends and rituals worldwide. In our North American society we have lost touch with these meanings and rituals. Clearly we still need water to survive, yet our treatment of the hydrological cycle not only impacts the environment, but it also denies us the opportunity to witness, understand and revere water in its various forms. The urban hydrological cycle should not be piped underground. To increase our quality of urban life water should be revealed for all to benefit from and witness. Life in an urban environment poses many physical and behavioral challenges. The revealing of water does present some added difficulties and barriers, yet far more benefits and opportunities are created through this revealing of the hydrological cycle. The revealing of water in a densely populated urban context offers economic, ecological and social benefits that would otherwise be unattainable.
Public Perception's Role in Carbon Removal at Scale: The Importance of Public Opinion on Barriers to Implementation of CDR
Creators: name: Evanson, Ben J.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Carbon removal
negative emissions technologies
sociotechnical barriers
scaling
CDR
education
social acceptability
social license to operate
biophysical constraints
moral hazard
climate education
public perception
smallholder practices

description: With around 7 years left of current emissions levels before the world surpasses 1.5°C, Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is expected by most scientific bodies concerned with climate change to remove gigatons of carbon emissions from the atmosphere to 1) counteract hard-to-decarbonize emissions and 2) remove legacy emissions. The industry has been predicted to reach a scale of 10 Gt of CO2 removal per year or more by 2050, with projections of large resource demand (for land, water, energy, and capital) compounding with parts of industry scaling at rates of around 50% per year. To achieve such speed and ultimate capacity, the CDR industry will need to overcome six primary barriers: Biophysical Constraints, Research and Modeling, Governance, Funding Mechanisms, Social Acceptability, and Industry Development. Lacking thus far in literature, this thesis explores what role Social Acceptability plays within each of the other established barriers to scaling. This thesis analyses these barriers through the lens of a social license to operate (SLO), building off related industries’ successes and failures in achieving such an SLO. We identify four unique communities whose acceptance of the carbon removal industry will be important to its ability to scale at speed and to a high capacity, political communities, markets, general publics, and local communities. Within each of carbon removal’s barriers for scaling, social acceptability plays a key role. As parts of the industry begin to scale in earnest for the first time in this decade, it’s likely that the role of social acceptability will begin to crystallize. This thesis recommends more preemptive investigation into the subject from industry and scientific communities.
Graph neural network for 3D classification of ambiguities and optical crosstalk in scintillator-based neutrino detectors
Creators: name: Alonso-Monsalve, Saúl
name: Douqa, Dana
name: Jesús-Valls, César
name: Lux, Thorsten
name: Pina-Otey, Sebastian
name: Sánchez, Federico
name: Sgalaberna, Davide
name: Whitehead, Leigh H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep learning tools are being used extensively in high energy physics and are becoming central in the reconstruction of neutrino interactions in particle detectors. In this work, we report on the performance of a graph neural network in assisting with particle flow event reconstruction. The three-dimensional reconstruction of particle tracks produced in neutrino interactions can be subject to ambiguities due to high multiplicity signatures in the detector or leakage of signal between neighboring active detector volumes. Graph neural networks potentially have the capability of identifying all these features to boost the reconstruction performance. As an example case study, we tested a graph neural network, inspired by the GraphSAGE algorithm, on a novel 3D-granular plastic-scintillator detector, that will be used to upgrade the near detector of the T2K experiment. The developed neural network has been trained and tested on diverse neutrino interaction samples, showing very promising results: the classification of particle track voxels produced in the detector can be done with efficiencies and purities of 94-96% per event and most of the ambiguities can be identified and rejected, while being robust against systematic effects.
Food involvement and food purchasing behaviour
Creators: name: Drichoutis, Andreas C.
name: Lazaridis, Panagiotis
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
name: Drichoutis, Andreas C.
name: Lazaridis, Panagiotis
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: product class involvement
subject: food involvement
subject: consumer behaviour
subject: food shopping
subject: attribute importance

description: This paper investigates the factors affecting product class involvement for food. Factors affecting specific aspects of involvement are also explored. The aim is to determine the factors that affect involvement with food and sketch the profile of consumers more likely to be involved or not involved with food. Building on the literature a conceptual model is developed and empirically tested using survey data collected from supermarkets in Athens. Data were analyzed using probit and ordered probit analysis and marginal effects were calculated which show how much the level of involvement or importance is affected when a variable is changed. Results show that younger consumers, those with higher education and income that engage in nutritional label use behaviour and do not prepare food for their household are more likely to have low involvement with food. Less distinctive characteristics are apparent for the highly involved consumers. Different consumer profiles are also associated with different aspects of food involvement based on importance attached to price, ease of preparation, nutrition, taste, and brand name.
ParamANN: A Neural Network to Estimate Cosmological Parameters for $Λ$CDM Universe Using Hubble Measurements
Creators: name: Pal, Srikanta
name: Saha, Rajib
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we employ a machine learning (ML) approach for the estimations of four fundamental parameters, namely, the Hubble constant ($H_0$), matter ($Ω_{0m}$), curvature ($Ω_{0k}$) and vacuum ($Ω_{0Λ}$) densities of non-flat $Λ$CDM model. We use $31$ Hubble parameter values measured by differential ages (DA) technique in the redshift interval $0.07 \leq z \leq 1.965$. We create an artificial neural network (ParamANN) and train it with simulated values of $H(z)$ using various sets of $H_0$, $Ω_{0m}$, $Ω_{0k}$, $Ω_{0Λ}$ parameters chosen from different and sufficiently wide prior intervals. We use a correlated noise model in the analysis. We demonstrate accurate validation and prediction using ParamANN. ParamANN provides an excellent cross-check for the validity of the $Λ$CDM model. We obtain $H_0 = 68.14 \pm 3.96$ $\rm{kmMpc^{-1}s^{-1}}$, $Ω_{0m} = 0.3029 \pm 0.1118$, $Ω_{0k} = 0.0708 \pm 0.2527$ and $Ω_{0Λ} = 0.6258 \pm 0.1689$ by using the trained network. These parameter values agree very well with the results of global CMB observations of the Planck collaboration. We compare the cosmological parameter values predicted by ParamANN with those obtained by the MCMC method. Both the results agree well with each other. This demonstrates that ParamANN is an alternative and complementary approach to the well-known Metropolis-Hastings algorithm for estimating the cosmological parameters by using Hubble measurements.
description: 29 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
LMC-driven anisotropic boosts in stream--subhalo interactions
Creators: name: Arora, Arpit
name: Garavito-Camargo, Nicolás
name: Sanderson, Robyn E.
name: Cunningham, Emily C.
name: Wetzel, Andrew
name: Panithanpaisal, Nondh
name: Barry, Megan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark Matter (DM) subhalos are predicted to perturb stellar streams; stream morphologies and dynamics can constrain the mass distribution of subhalos. Using FIRE-2 simulations of Milky Way-mass galaxies, we show that presence of a Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC)--analog significantly changes stream-subhalo encounter rates. Three key factors drive these changes. First, the LMC--analog brings in many subhalos, increasing encounter rates for streams near the massive satellite by up to 20--40%. Second, the LMC--analog displaces the host from its center-of-mass (inducing reflex motion), causing a north-south asymmetry in the density and radial velocity distribution of subhalos. This asymmetry results in encounter rates varying by 50--70% across the sky at the same distance. Finally, the LMC--mass satellite induces a density wake in the host's DM halo, further boosting the encounter rates near the LMC--analog. We also explore the influence of stream orbital properties, finding a 50% increase in encounters for streams moving retrograde to the LMC--analog's orbit in the opposite hemisphere. The dependence of encounter rates on stream location and orbit has important implications for where to search for new streams with spurs and gaps in the Milky Way.
description: 28 pages, 17 figures, 3 tables, Accepted in APJ
Bonabeau hierarchy models revisited
Creators: name: Lacasa, Lucas
name: Luque, Bartolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: What basic processes generate hierarchy in a collective? The Bonabeau model provides us a simple mechanism based on randomness which develops self-organization through both winner/looser effects and relaxation process. A phase transition between egalitarian and hierarchic states has been found both analytically and numerically in previous works. In this paper we present a different approach: by means of a discrete scheme we develop a mean field approximation that not only reproduces the phase transition but also allows us to characterize the complexity of hierarchic phase. In the same philosophy, we study a new version of the Bonabeau model, developed by Stauffer et al. Several previous works described numerically the presence of a similar phase transition in this later version. We find surprising results in this model that can be interpreted properly as the non-existence of phase transition in this version of Bonabeau model, but a changing in fixed point structure.
The nature of the relationship between international tourism and international trade: the case of German imports of Spanish wine
Creators: name: Fischer, Christian
name: Gil-Alana, Luis A.
name: Fischer, Christian
name: Gil-Alana, Luis A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: international trade
subject: tourism
subject: long memory
subject: Spanish wine.

description: This paper deals with the relationship between international trade and tourism. We focus on the effect that German tourism to Spain has on German imports of Spanish wine. Due to the different properties of the series under analysis, which display different orders of integration, a long memory regression model is used, where tourism is supposed to be exogenous. The period covered is January 1998 to November 2004. The results show that tourism has an effect on wine imports that lasts between two and nine months, depending on the type of tourism series employed. Disaggregating the imports across the different types of wine it is observed that only for quality red wines from Navarra, Penedús and Valdepeñas, and to a certain extent for sparkling wine, tourism produces an effect on future import demand. From a policy- making perspective our results imply that the impact of tourism on the host economy is not only direct and short - term but also oblique and delayed, thus reinforcing the case for tourism as a means for economic development .
Quantum Measurement of Space-Time Events
Creators: name: Brody, Dorje C.
name: Hughston, Lane P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase space of a relativistic system can be identified with the future tube of complexified Minkowski space. As well as a complex structure and a symplectic structure, the future tube, seen as an eight-dimensional real manifold, is endowed with a natural positive-definite Riemannian metric that accommodates the underlying geometry of the indefinite Minkowski space metric, together with its symmetry group. A unitary representation of the 15-parameter group of conformal transformations can then be constructed that acts upon the Hilbert space of square-integrable holomorphic functions on the future tube. These structures are enough to allow one to put forward a quantum theory of phase-space events. In particular, a theory of quantum measurement can be formulated in a relativistic setting, based on the use of positive operator valued measures, for the detection of phase-space events, hence allowing one to assign probabilities to the outcomes of joint space-time and four-momentum measurements in a manifestly covariant framework. This leads to a localization theorem for phase-space events in relativistic quantum theory, determined by the associated Compton wavelength.
description: 20 pages
Effective action and black hole solutions in asymptotically safe quantum gravity
Creators: name: Pawlowski, Jan M.
name: Tränkle, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the quantum effective action and the respective quantum equations of motion from multi-graviton correlation functions in asymptotically safe quantum gravity. The fully momentum-dependent couplings of three- and four-graviton scatterings are computed within the functional renormalisation group approach and the effective action is reconstructed from these vertices. The resulting quantum equations of motion are solved numerically for quantum black hole geometries. Importantly, the black hole solutions show signatures of quantum gravity outside the classical horizon, which manifest in the behaviour of the temporal and radial components of the metric. Three different types of solutions with distinct causal structures are identified and the phase structure of the solution space is investigated.
description: 11 pages + appendices, 8 figures; v2: matches published version
Additional file 3 of Cognitive testing of a survey instrument to assess sexual practices, behaviours, and health outcomes: a multi-country study protocol
Creators: name: Gonsalves, Lianne
name: Hunter, Erin C.
name: Brizuela, Vanessa
name: Tucker, Joseph D.
name: Srinivas, Megan L.
name: Gitau, Evelyn
name: Mercer, Catherine H.
name: Bajos, Nathalie
name: Collins, Debbie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Cognitive interview format options: Proposed modifications for research during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Advanced Finite Element Method for Nano-Resonators
Creators: name: Zschiedrich, L.
name: Burger, S.
name: Kettner, B.
name: Schmidt, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Miniaturized optical resonators with spatial dimensions of the order of the wavelength of the trapped light offer prospects for a variety of new applications like quantum processing or construction of meta-materials. Light propagation in these structures is modelled by Maxwell's equations. For a deeper numerical analysis one may compute the scattered field when the structure is illuminated or one may compute the resonances of the structure. We therefore address in this paper the electromagnetic scattering problem as well as the computation of resonances in an open system. For the simulation efficient and reliable numerical methods are required which cope with the infinite domain. We use transparent boundary conditions based on the Perfectly Matched Layer Method (PML) combined with a novel adaptive strategy to determine optimal discretization parameters like the thickness of the sponge layer or the mesh width. Further a novel iterative solver for time-harmonic Maxwell's equations is presented.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures (see original publication for images with a better resolution)
DERIVING IMPLIED DISTRIBUTIONS FROM COMMODITY OPTION PRICES: AN APPLICATION TO SOYBEAN, CORN AND WHEAT USING MIXTURE OF LOGNORMALS
Creators: name: Fan, Rui
name: Fan, Rui
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper develops a method to estimate the distribution of futures price movements from traded European options using a flexible mixture of lognormals distributional assumption. More specifically, the objectives are: 1) develop an alternative method for pricing commodity options when excess skewness and fat-tailed distributions in the underlying futures price can be modeled as a mixture of two lognormal processes. 2) apply this method to elicit implied distributions from corn, soybean, and wheat futures option prices and test how well this forecasting model predicts distribution. 3) evaluate the performance and forecasting ability of this alternative method.