cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
More Diverse Means Better: Multimodal Deep Learning Meets Remote Sensing Imagery Classification
Creators: name: Hong, Danfeng
name: Gao, Lianru
name: Yokoya, Naoto
name: Yao, Jing
name: Chanussot, Jocelyn
name: Du, Qian
name: Zhang, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Classification and identification of the materials lying over or beneath the Earth's surface have long been a fundamental but challenging research topic in geoscience and remote sensing (RS) and have garnered a growing concern owing to the recent advancements of deep learning techniques. Although deep networks have been successfully applied in single-modality-dominated classification tasks, yet their performance inevitably meets the bottleneck in complex scenes that need to be finely classified, due to the limitation of information diversity. In this work, we provide a baseline solution to the aforementioned difficulty by developing a general multimodal deep learning (MDL) framework. In particular, we also investigate a special case of multi-modality learning (MML) -- cross-modality learning (CML) that exists widely in RS image classification applications. By focusing on "what", "where", and "how" to fuse, we show different fusion strategies as well as how to train deep networks and build the network architecture. Specifically, five fusion architectures are introduced and developed, further being unified in our MDL framework. More significantly, our framework is not only limited to pixel-wise classification tasks but also applicable to spatial information modeling with convolutional neural networks (CNNs). To validate the effectiveness and superiority of the MDL framework, extensive experiments related to the settings of MML and CML are conducted on two different multimodal RS datasets. Furthermore, the codes and datasets will be available at https://github.com/danfenghong/IEEE_TGRS_MDL-RS, contributing to the RS community.
Tunneling through nanosystems: Combining broadening with many-particle states
Creators: name: Pedersen, Jonas Nyvold
name: Wacker, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest a new approach for transport through finite systems based on the Liouville equation. By working in a basis of many-particle states for the finite system, Coulomb interactions are taken fully into account and correlated transitions by up to two different contact states are included. This latter extends standard rate equation models by including level-broadening effects. The main result of the paper is a general expression for the elements of the density matrix of the finite size system, which can be applied whenever the eigenstates and the couplings to the leads are known. The approach works for arbitrary bias and for temperatures above the Kondo temperature. We apply the approach to standard models and good agreement with other methods in their respective regime of validity is found.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures included to text
The EFT Likelihood for Large-Scale Structure in Redshift Space
Creators: name: Cabass, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the EFT likelihood for biased tracers in redshift space, for which the bias expansion of the galaxy velocity field $\mathbf{v}_g$ plays a fundamental role. The equivalence principle forbids stochastic contributions to $\mathbf{v}_g$ to survive at small $k$. Therefore, at leading order in derivatives the form of the likelihood ${\cal P}[\tildeδ_g|δ,\!\mathbf{v}]$ to observe a redshift-space galaxy overdensity $\tildeδ_g(\tilde{\mathbf{x}})$ given a rest-frame matter and velocity fields $δ(\mathbf{x})$, $\mathbf{v}(\mathbf{x})$ is fixed by the rest-frame noise. If this noise is Gaussian with constant power spectrum, ${\cal P}[\tildeδ_g|δ,\!\mathbf{v}]$ is also a Gaussian in the difference between $\tildeδ_g(\tilde{\mathbf{x}})$ and its bias expansion: redshift-space distortions only make the covariance depend on $δ(\mathbf{x})$ and $\mathbf{v}(\mathbf{x})$. We then show how to match this result to perturbation theory, and that one can consistently neglect the field-dependent covariance if the bias expansion is stopped at second order in perturbations. We discuss qualitatively how this affects numerical implementations of the EFT-based forward modeling, and how the picture changes when the survey window function is taken into account.
description: 33 pages (29+4), 1 figure, matches published version
Channeling of ultrarelativistic particles in a diamond crystal
Creators: name: Agapiev, K. B.
name: Ivanov, V. K.
name: Korol, A. V.
name: Solov'yov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results of numerical simulation of the channeling of ultra-relativistic 270 MeV electrons and positrons in a diamond crystal are presented. Using the MBN Explorer package, the trajectories of the have been determined of the particles incident on a 20 microns thick crystal along (110) crystallographic plane. The channeling parameters and radiation spectra of electrons and positrons have been computed for the cases of straight and periodically bent diamond crystals.
Unstable Bar and Spiral Modes of Disk Galaxies
Creators: name: Jalali, M. A.
name: Hunter, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study bisymmetric modes of angular wavenumber 2 for flat stellar disks in potentials with smooth cores. Stars either all circulate in the same direction or a small fraction may counter-rotate. The bisymmetric modes are unstable unless there is a sufficiently large external halo or bulge. We find two modes for each disk: a more central fundamental mode and a more extensive and more spiral (trailing) secondary mode. The fundamental mode is particularly sensitive to the orbital population in the central part of the disk. Depending on that population, it varies from a small compact bar to a trailing spiral that is almost as wound as the secondary mode. All modes rotate too rapidly for there to be an inner Lindblad resonance. They transfer angular momentum from the central to the outer regions of the disk. Most of them release gravitational energy and convert it to kinetic energy, which also flows outwards through the disk.
description: Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal
Nonergodic Quantum Dynamics from Deformations of Classical Cellular Automata
Creators: name: Iadecola, Thomas
name: Vijay, Sagar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical reversible cellular automata (CAs), which describe the discrete-time dynamics of classical degrees of freedom in a finite state-space, can exhibit exact, nonthermal quantum eigenstates despite being classically chaotic. We show that every classical CA defines a family of generically non-integrable, periodically-driven (Floquet) quantum dynamics with exact, nonthermal eigenstates. These Floquet dynamics are nonergodic in the sense that certain product states on a periodic classical orbit fail to thermalize, while generic initial states thermalize as expected in a quantum chaotic system. We demonstrate that some signatures of these effects can be probed in quantum simulators based on Rydberg atoms in the blockade regime. These results establish classical CAs as parent models for a class of quantum chaotic systems with rare nonthermal eigenstates.
description: 5+7 pages, 3+5 figures
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EU LEGISLATION CONCERNING GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS IN THE GERMAN FOOD AND FEED INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Hirzinger, Tobias
name: Menrad, Klaus
name: Hirzinger, Tobias
name: Menrad, Klaus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Traceability
subject: Genetic modified organism
subject: Co-Existence
subject: EU Legislation
subject: Germany
subject: Feed industry
subject: Food industry
subject: Regulations (EC) No 1829/2003 and 1830/2003

description: The worldwide acreage of genetically modified (GM) plants is growing year by year and amounted to 90 million hectares in 2005. Therefore, the European Union implemented a series of legal requirements and regulations which are related to R&D, commercial use and labelling of genetically modified organism (GMO). The food and feed industry is mainly affected by Regulations (EC) No 1829/2003 and 1830/2003 and thus this study aims to analyse the effects of those regulations on the German food and feed industry. The empirical basis was a comprehensive written survey in 2005 with a total of 1.700 filled in questionnaires. According to this survey the German food and feed industry is affected by the increasing use of GM plants and the corresponding GMO legislation although no GM plants are commercially grown in Germany. Around two third of the German feed industry already use GM raw materials while 100 % of the food factories mentioned to avoid GMOs with labelling obligation. Efforts of complying with the requirements of Regulations (EC) No 1829/2003 and 1830/2003 in food and feed industry mainly result in higher personnel efforts, higher costs of raw materials and additional costs of GMO analytics. In total they can rise up to 1.8 % of the turnover in the food industry, while generally they are below 1 % of the turnover in the food industry. The labelling requirements concerning GMOs are mainly fulfilled in the German food and feed industry according to test results of competent German authorities.
description: Paper prepared for presentation at the 10th ICABR International Conference on Agricultural Biotechnology: Facts, Analysis and Policies Ravello (Italy), June 29th to July 2nd, 2006
Embedded monopoles in quark eigenmodes in SU(2) Yang-Mills Theory
Creators: name: Chernodub, M. N.
name: Morozov, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the embedded QCD monopoles (``quark monopoles'') using low-lying eigenmodes of the overlap Dirac operator in zero- and finite-temperature SU(2) Yang-Mills theory on the lattice. These monopoles correspond to the gauge-invariant hedgehogs in the quark-antiquark condensates. The monopoles were suggested to be agents of the chiral symmetry restoration since their cores should suppress the chiral condensate. We study numerically the scalar, axial and chirally invariant definitions of the embedded monopoles and show that the monopole densities are in fact globally anti-correlated with the density of the Dirac eigenmodes. We observe, that the embedded monopoles corresponding to low-lying Dirac eigenvalues are dense in the chirally invariant (high temperature) phase and dilute in the chirally broken (low temperature) phase. We find that the scaling of the scalar and axial monopole densities towards the continuum limit is similar to the scaling of the string-like objects while the chirally invariant monopoles scale as membranes. The excess of gluon energy at monopole positions reveals that the embedded QCD monopole possesses a gluonic core, which is, however, empty at the very center of the monopole.
description: 29 pages, 27 figures, RevTeX 4.0; revised to match the published version (clarifying remarks, references and acknowledgments are added)
Analyzing Upper Bounds on Mean Absolute Errors for Deep Neural Network Based Vector-to-Vector Regression
Creators: name: Qi, Jun
name: Du, Jun
name: Siniscalchi, Sabato Marco
name: Ma, Xiaoli
name: Lee, Chin-Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we show that, in vector-to-vector regression utilizing deep neural networks (DNNs), a generalized loss of mean absolute error (MAE) between the predicted and expected feature vectors is upper bounded by the sum of an approximation error, an estimation error, and an optimization error. Leveraging upon error decomposition techniques in statistical learning theory and non-convex optimization theory, we derive upper bounds for each of the three aforementioned errors and impose necessary constraints on DNN models. Moreover, we assess our theoretical results through a set of image de-noising and speech enhancement experiments. Our proposed upper bounds of MAE for DNN based vector-to-vector regression are corroborated by the experimental results and the upper bounds are valid with and without the "over-parametrization" technique.
Radio observations of two intermittent pulsars: PSRs J1832+0029 and J1841-0500
Creators: name: Wang, S. Q.
name: Wang, J. B.
name: Hobbs, G.
name: Zhang, S. B.
name: Shannon, R. M.
name: Dai, S.
name: Hollow, R.
name: Kerr, M.
name: Ravi, V.
name: Wang, N.
name: Zhang, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present long-term observations of two intermittent pulsars, PSRs~J1832+0029 and J1841$-$0500 using the Parkes 64\,m radio telescope. The radio emission for these pulsars switches "off" for year-long durations. Our new observations have enabled us to improve the determination of the on-off timescales and the spin down rates during those emission states. In general our results agree with previous studies of these pulsars, but we now have significantly longer data spans. We have identified two unexpected signatures in the data. Weak emission was detected in a single observation of PSR~J1832$+$0029 during an "off" emission state. For PSR~J1841$-$0500, we identified a quasi-periodic fluctuation in the intensities of the detectable single pulses, with a modulation period between 21 and 36 pulse periods.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
MODELING MULTIFUNCTIONALITY OF AGRICULTURE AT A FARM-LEVEL: THE CASE OF KERKINI DISTRICT, NORTHERN GREECE
Creators: name: Vassalos, Michael
name: Dillon, Carl R.
name: Freshwater, David
name: Karanikolas, Pavlos
name: Vassalos, Michael
name: Dillon, Carl R.
name: Freshwater, David
name: Karanikolas, Pavlos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Greek farming
subject: multifunctionality of farming
subject: farm decision making
subject: Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming

description: Multifuncionality has become a central concern at both conceptual and empirical levels. In this study, a comparative evaluation of the economic performance of conventional and multifunctional farms (mainly organic farms) was conducted for the Lake Kerkini region (North Greece) with the use of mixed integer non-linear programming method. The economic performance of farms was evaluated in terms of farm income, resource allocation, production level and production mix. The results indicate that multifunctional farms have overall better economic performance and young farm managers are keener to adopt multifunctional farming than the older ones. Differences between the model results and the observed facts are attributed to the structural characteristics of the farms, along with the CAP measures and the existence of multiple objectives, beyond maximization of net farm returns.
Towards the Development of Innovative Strategies for Traditional Food Chains in the EU
Creators: name: Molnar, Adrienn
name: Gellynck, Xavier
name: Vanhonacker, Filiep
name: Verbeke, Wim
name: Molnar, Adrienn
name: Gellynck, Xavier
name: Vanhonacker, Filiep
name: Verbeke, Wim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: chain goals
subject: consumer perceptions
subject: traditional food products

description: Organizations no longer compete as independent entities, but as chains (Christopher, 1998; Cox, 1999; Lambert, Cooper, 2000). Consequently, chain strategies became more important in creating competitive advantage (Vickery et al., 2003; Gunasekaran et al., 2004). Despite the growing recognition of the importance of chain strategies, many chains active in the agri‐business sector still face difficulties in developing common chain strategies and implementing them collaboratively to generate additional mutual gains and savings. Chains lacking a chain strategy and having short‐term perspectives face difficulties in envisaging and implementing cooperative solutions to problems they cannot manage alone. Despite this recognition, the actual development of such chain strategies lags behind because of some particular issues which still need to be addressed (e.g. vision, mission, values or action plans). Therefore, the objective of this paper is to identify and consolidate chain members’ goals, to select a minimum set of key goals and to confront these chain goals with consumer preferences. This way, the paper develops the vision of traditional food chains in the EU, as a first step of strategy development. First, chain members goals are identified and consolidated with the help of approximately 100 stakeholders (suppliers, focal companies, customers) from three European countries representing 5 traditional food product categories (cheese, beer, dry ham, dry sausage and white pepper). The most important goals of traditional food chains are to maintain traditionalism, to improve responsiveness, to maintain superior quality and to create chain balance. These chain goals are tested against the perception of 4828 consumers from six European countries (Belgium, France, Italy, Norway, Poland and Spain). As a result, the vision of traditional food chains is developed: the European traditional food sector envisions a competitive sector maintaining the traditional character and superior quality of their food product(s) via more efficient and responsive chains where risks and benefits are distributed in a balanced way between the members.
ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION AND COMPETITIVENESS ON SMALL BEEKEEPING FARMS IN SELECTED DISTRICTS OF SERBIA
Creators: name: Marinkovic, Slaoana
name: Nedic, Nebojsa
name: Marinkovic, Slaoana
name: Nedic, Nebojsa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: small beekeeping farms
subject: honey
subject: economy

description: The study researched the costs and returns on typical small beekeeping farms from five districts in Serbia. On the basis of the field research, data on the number of beehives, type of product, volume of production per beehive and values per measurement unit were collected. In order to demonstrate the competitiveness of various agricultural products, analysis of the available data was performed using analytical calculations. According to the analysis, the labour costs comprise about 49.65%to 64.15%of the variable costs on beekeeping farms in the Raška and Šumadija districts, respectively. Production is most economical on the bee farm in the district of Srem, where every dinar spent in production creates a value of 2.22 dinars, while the farm from the district of Raška is the least economical (1.32 din). Bee farms must reduce labour costs and re-direct their business orientation to other bee products, besides honey, such as pollen, which could be significantly more profitable.
Building perceived self-efficacy in new tertiary healthcare students by teaching transferable skills: The Transition 2 University (T2U) program
Creators: name: Ford, Allie
name: Todd, Paula
name: Gleeson, Damian
name: Rossiter, Ian
name: Strous, Myles
name: Borutta, Sebastian
name: Presta, Penny
name: Fuller, Cameron
name: Bedford, Kerry
name: Jansen, Sarah
name: Yazbeck, Barbara
name: Pretorius, Lynette
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 130103 Higher Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: Education
subject: Health Care

description: New university students not only need to learn a wide range of skills, but also have to gain the belief that they can succeed (perceived self-efficacy). This paper describes the evaluation of a transition program designed to teach transferable skills at the beginning of university study. Importantly, we show that this program improved students’ perceived self-efficacy during university transition through the provision of authentic mastery experiences and social persuasion. We also show that the improved perceived self-efficacy of program participants persisted until at least the end of the first semester of study. Finally, we demonstrate that participants felt the transition program improved their overall transition experience.
Logarithmic correction to the entropy of extremal black holes in $\mathcal{N}=1$ Einstein-Maxwell supergravity
Creators: name: Banerjee, Gourav
name: Karan, Sudip
name: Panda, Binata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study one-loop covariant effective action of \say{non-minimally coupled} $\mathcal{N}=1$, $d=4$ Einstein-Maxwell supergravity theory by heat kernel tool. By fluctuating the fields around the classical background, we study the functional determinant of Laplacian differential operator following Seeley-DeWitt technique of heat kernel expansion in proper time. We then compute the Seeley-DeWitt coefficients obtained through the expansion. A particular Seeley-DeWitt coefficient is used for determining the logarithmic correction to Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of extremal black holes using quantum entropy function formalism. We thus determine the logarithmic correction to the entropy of Kerr-Newman, Kerr and Reissner-Nordström black holes in {\say{non-minimally coupled}} $\mathcal{N}=1$, $d=4$ Einstein-Maxwell supergravity theory.
description: Version published in JHEP
U.S. Honey Supply Chain: Structural Change, Promotions and the China Connection
Creators: name: Ward, Ronald W.
name: Boynton, Bruce
name: Ward, Ronald W.
name: Boynton, Bruce
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: honey
subject: demand
subject: imports
subject: generic promotions

description: Honey is a by‐product of the pollination of plants and essential to almost all agricultural plant product. Demand for honey provides a partial compensation for the pollination services. Hence, programs to support honey demand such as promotions are potentially very important to the agricultural sector as well as the honey industry. Honey is utilized for table consumption and for manufacturing and both U.S. domestic and foreign honey imports both contribute to the U.S. honey availability. Econometric models are estimated showing the domestic table‐use and manufacturing demand with the models explicitly incorporating the effects of generic promotion of honey. Rates-of‐ return to the U.S. honey promotion programs are estimated with rates assigned to domestic production and imports
Chemical and biological effects of lysine- and casein-sugar (glucose, fructose, and ribose) maillard reaction products
Creators: name: Jing, Hao
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study was to investigate chemical properties and associated biological effects of monosaccharide pentose, aldo- and keto-hexose generated Maillard reaction (MR) products (MRPs) in both sugar-lysine (Lys) and sugar-casein MR models. Different reaction rates of three sugar-Lys MR models corresponded to differential yields of high molecular weight (HMW) (> 3,500) MR products (MRPs). The reaction rate of ribose (Rib) was greater than that for glucose (Glc), which in turn was greater than that for fructose (Fru). Greater bioactivity, such as antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of MRPs were associated with HMW MRPs. Similarly, sugar-modified casein MRPs also exhibited different reaction rates depending on sugar source, but changes in antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of native casein was minimal. The present study demonstrated antioxidant activity of sugar-Lys MRPs in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic systems. Differences in l,l-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl scavenging activity were observed between three sugar-generated MRPs derived from both sugar-Lys and sugar-casein MRPs. Antioxidant activity of MRPs was further investigated in a human intestinal epithelial model, i.e., Caco-2 cells. The sugar-Lys MRPs was shown to protect Caco2-cells from H2O2 and 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AAPH) induced cytotoxicity, and moreover, from ferrous ion and cupric ion induced cytotoxicity. There.was no significant difference in MRP protection among three sugar-generated MRPs. The sugar-casein MRPs were also shown to protect Caco2-cells from AAPH, ferrous ion, and cupric ion induced cytotoxicity. The cell protective effect of sugar-modified caseins was, however, comparable to native casein. Sugar-Lys MRPs were shown to reduce the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) response of Caco-2 cells, adversely affect cellular antioxidant enzyme activities for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and lower glutathione content. These changes corresponded to an altered cell proliferation cycle, but no change in cellular lactate dehydrogenase leakage. A greater reduction in cell MTT response occurred for Rib-Lys MRPs, compared to Glc- and Fru-Lys MRPs. Sugar-casein MRPs did not affect cell MTT response and antioxidant enzyme activities in Caco-2 cells. A more pronounced cytotoxic effect of sugar-casein MRPs was obtained on embryonic Int-407 cell, with a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD and GSH-Px observed for Glc- and Fru-caseins, but not Rib-casein.
Additional file 2 of Impact of sub-setting the data of the main Limousin beef cattle population on the estimates of across-country genetic correlations
Creators: name: Bonifazi, Renzo
name: Vandenplas, Jeremie
name: Napel, Jan Ten
name: Matilainen, Kaarina
name: Veerkamp, Roel F.
name: Calus, Mario P. L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Adjusted Number of Populations (AN_POP) for all common bulls in function of their year of birth and country of first registration. Figure S2. Estimated (co)variance components per population across different scenarios. Figure S3. Estimated random contemporary group and sire by herd interaction variances across different scenarios.
Inflation from Superstring/M Theory Compactification with Higher Order Corrections I
Creators: name: Maeda, Kei-ichi
name: Ohta, Nobuyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study time-dependent solutions in M and superstring theories with higher order corrections. We first present general field equations for theories of Lovelock type with stringy corrections in arbitrary dimensions. We then exhaust all exact and asymptotic solutions of exponential and power-law expansions in the theory with Gauss-Bonnet terms relevant to heterotic strings and in the theories with quartic corrections corresponding to the M-theory and type II superstrings. We discuss interesting inflationary solutions that can generate enough e-foldings in the early universe.
description: 54 pages, v2: minor corrections, refs. added, v3: some numerical results corrected, v4: minor corrections, a ref. added, to appear in PRD
title: Expressive prediction and forecasting of alarms within a national telecommunications network
Creators: name: Wrench, Chris
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2024

description: This thesis concerns the prediction of faults in a telecommunication network, this is done in an expressive way that offers engineers insight into the cause of a fault to help guide mitigating action. The thesis is a detailed account of the preprocessing steps applied to the data and an exploration of Rule Induction techniques resulting in a novel method of Rule induction. A method is developed to enable classification algorithms to forecast events. The result of this work is a system that can forecast critical events with high precision. Telecommunications are a vital part of modern society. They are relied upon for the running of both businesses and personal lives and so minimising the disruption to this network is very important. To this end there is a system of alarms in place that detail faults and warnings that engineers can respond to in a timely manner. A method of forecasting these alarms would allow engineers more time to take action. If these forecasts took the form of feature rich expressive rules then engineers would be offered a greater insight into the cause of an issue and may be able to mitigate the oncoming fault in the future. To create more expressive rules a method is introduced to hybridise event forecasting and event classification, allowing a classifier to produce forecasting rules. This offers a number of benefits over traditional forecasting techniques. This work also contributes an accompanying novel abstaining classifier adapted to producing rules with a broad range of features. This a very desirable feature when dealing with alarm data as other forecasting techniques are not able to capitalise on the potentially valuable data held within each alarm outside of the overarching alarm type. Rules that can incorporate these details will offer an engineer more information to work with.
title: Constructing Seasonality
title: A Study of Annual Cycles and Patterns of Energy Demand within Social Life
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Greenhough, Michael
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2025

description: The increasing emphasis on decarbonising energy supply faces challenges
 posed by the intermittent nature of renewable sources and the varying
 quantities of supply throughout the year. Current strategies acknowledge
 these challenges and plan for a blend of fossil fuels and renewables to
 meet targets such as net–zero emissions by 2050. However, the role of
 social seasons in shaping and influencing the timing of energy demand is
 often overlooked. Fluctuations in demand matter because different types of
 seasons are closely tied to the spatial and temporal patterning of gas and
 electricity consumption, and to the scope for incorporating more renewable
 sources of energy throughout the year.

 This thesis shows how patterns of demand relate to annual cycles and
 temporal rhythms. Rather than considering these variations as natural or
 'normal', the thesis shows how the timing of demand relates to
 and is intertwined with the timing of everyday life. To investigate this,
 the thesis consists of three linked studies that have been designed to
 provide new insights into the relationship between social seasons and
 energy systems. The first shows how seasonal variations in demand are
 removed from view by methods of averaging and weather correction. The
 second shows how demand for energy for domestic heating and cooling
 relates not only to the weather but to changing standards of comfort. The
 third study investigates the annual cycles of supply and demand and the
 intertwining of multiple temporalities that extend the ‘Christmas’ season
 throughout the year.

 Collectively, these studies provide an account of the relationship between
 social life, seasonal cycles, and the timing of energy supply and demand.
 In taking this approach the thesis shows how multiple seasonal cycles are
 embedded in the construction of energy supply and demand, and how these
 are shaped by social rhythms distributed across the year.
Explicit Regularisation in Gaussian Noise Injections
Creators: name: Camuto, Alexander
name: Willetts, Matthew
name: Şimşekli, Umut
name: Roberts, Stephen
name: Holmes, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the regularisation induced in neural networks by Gaussian noise injections (GNIs). Though such injections have been extensively studied when applied to data, there have been few studies on understanding the regularising effect they induce when applied to network activations. Here we derive the explicit regulariser of GNIs, obtained by marginalising out the injected noise, and show that it penalises functions with high-frequency components in the Fourier domain; particularly in layers closer to a neural network's output. We show analytically and empirically that such regularisation produces calibrated classifiers with large classification margins.
Additional file 1 of Ex vivo modelling of drug efficacy in a rare metastatic urachal carcinoma
Creators: name: Mäkelä, Rami
name: Arjonen, Antti
name: Härmä, Ville
name: Rintanen, Nina
name: Paasonen, Lauri
name: Paprotka, Tobias
name: Rönsch, Kerstin
name: Kuopio, Teijo
name: Kononen, Juha
name: Rantala, Juha K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Microscopic imaging of 2D and 3D urachal cancer cell cultures. Example transmitted light microscopy images of the phenotypes for the cytotoxic drugs at 1250 nM concentration identified as potential therapeutics for urachal cancer cells based on the 2D and 3D ex vivo drug screening. Both brightfield microscopy and fluorescence microscopy imaging with DNA counterstaining with Hoechst (3D cultures) and DAPI (2D cultures) was performed with a 10× objective on an Olympus scan^R high content imager, bars 100 μm.
Neutrino mixing as a source for cosmological constant
Creators: name: Blasone, Massimo
name: Capolupo, Antonio
name: Capozziello, Salvatore
name: Carloni, Sante
name: Vitiello, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on recent results showing that neutrino mixing may lead to a non-zero contribution to the cosmological constant. This contribution is of a completely different nature with respect to the usual one by a massive spinor field. We also study the problem of field mixing in Quantum Field Theory in curved space-time, for the case of a scalar field in the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric.
description: Presented at Second International Workshop DICE2004, From Decoherence and Emergent Classicality to Emergent Quantum Mechanics Piombino (Tuscany), September 1-4, 2004 7 pages
STOFFLICHE NUTZUNG NACHWACHSENDER ROHSTOFFE - MARKT UND VERBRAUCHERAKZEPTANZ
Creators: name: Menrad, Klaus
name: Menrad, Klaus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Renewable resources
subject: Material use
subject: Germany

description: Nachwachsende Rohstoffe können energetisch, thermisch und stofflich genutzt werden. Während die beiden erst genannten Gebiete hinsichtlich ihres Marktvolumens oder auch ihrer Marktstruktur des Öfteren wissenschaftlich untersucht worden sind, ist dies bei der stofflichen Nutzung von Nachwachsenden Rohstoffen noch nicht der Fall. Aus diesem Grund untersuchte die Professur für Marketing und Management für Nachwachsende Rohstoffe am Wissenschaftszentrum Straubing in Zusammenarbeit mit C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V. den Markt, makroökonomische Effekte und die Verbraucherakzeptanz für verschiedene Anwendungsfelder der stofflichen Nutzung von Nachwachsenden Rohstoffen im Auftrag des Deutschen Bundestages.
description: Paper prepared for presentation at the 14th C.A.R.M.E.N. (Centrales Agrar- Rohstoff-Marketing- und Entwicklungs-Netzwerk) Symposium “Im Kreislauf der Natur – Naturstoffe für die moderne Gesellschaft“ Würzburg (Germany), July 10th to 11th, 2006
Giant bug eats scientific results
Creators: name: Veen, Lourens
name: Portegies Zwart, Simon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Computational science, by its nature, involves a wide variety of computer simulations. These are done using software that is usually developed by the researchers themselves, on their own computers or sometimes on large HPC machines. As new methods are developed, new software is written and added to the scientific toolbox. Unfortunately, this software is often poorly written and difficult to reuse.

The Astrophysical MUltipurpose Software Environment (AMUSE) comprises more than 50 astrophysical simulation codes created by a variety of researchers, making them available from the Python scripting environment in a well-documented manner. Whil this really helps scientists wishing to run simulations, it does not resolve the above-mentioned issues but merely shifts the responsibility for solving them from the end user to the maintainers of AMUSE.

In recent years, AMUSE has suffered from a lack of resources for maintenance, which has caused issues for its users. We have been addressing these issues for AMUSE, but the wider problem of software quality in computational science remains, and deserves more attention.
Experimental determination of the energy per particle in partially filled Landau levels
Creators: name: Yang, Fangyuan
name: Zibrov, Alexander A.
name: Bai, Ruiheng
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Zaletel, Michael P.
name: Young, Andrea F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe an experimental technique to measure the chemical potential, $μ$, in atomically thin layered materials with high sensitivity and in the static limit. We apply the technique to a high quality graphene monolayer to map out the evolution of $μ$ with carrier density throughout the N=0 and N=1 Landau levels at high magnetic field. By integrating $μ$ over filling factor, $ν$, we obtain the ground state energy per particle, which can be directly compared with numerical calculations. In the N=0 Landau level, our data show exceptional agreement with numerical calculations over the whole Landau level without adjustable parameters, as long as the screening of the Coulomb interaction by the filled Landau levels is accounted for. In the N=1 Landau level, comparison between experimental and numerical data reveals the importance of valley anisotropic interactions and the presence of valley-textured electron solids near odd filling.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures
Demodulation of RHESSI count rates by an unbiased linear Bayes estimator
Creators: name: Arzner, Kaspar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The RHESSI experiment uses rotational modulation for x- and gamma ray imaging of solar eruptions. In order to disentangle rotational modulation from intrinsic time variation, an unbiased linear estimator for the spatially integrated photon flux is proposed. The estimator mimics a flat instrumental response under a gaussian prior, with achievable flatness depending on the counting noise. The amount of regularization is primarily given by the modulation-to-Poisson levels of fluctuations, and is only weakly affected by the Bayesian prior. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the mean relative error of the estimator reaches the Poisson limit, and real-data applications are shown.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures. To appear in J. Inverse Problems
title: The effect of L2 exposure on processing and perceiving aspect marking and reflexive binding in Mandarin-English bilinguals
Creators: name: Zhang, Shi
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: Extended bilingualism can induce first language (L1) attrition, and lead late sequential bilinguals to deviate from monolingual peers in terms of L1 representation and processing (Schmid & Köpke, 2017). Various theoretical frameworks (e.g. the Interface Hypothesis, Sorace, 2011) have been proposed to explain and predict which L1 domains are vulnerable to attrition, but they still need more empirical evaluation. Moreover, these frameworks have rarely discussed an important issue, i.e. whether and how individual differences in cognitive abilities might explain individual variation in L1 attrition. Framed within the Interface Hypothesis (IH), this study investigated 14 L1 Mandarin-L2 English bilinguals, and examined whether L1 attrition was more likely to happen with the long-distance binding reflexive ziji, a structure at the “external” syntax-pragmatics interface, rather than perfective and durative aspect marking in simple declarative sentences, a structure at the “internal” syntax-lexicon interface. This study also examined whether individual differences in a cognitive ability, namely working memory (WM) capacity, might explain potential variations in L1 attrition. Both off-line and on-line measures were employed in a novel combination including eye-tracking, to assess the perception, production/ interpretation and processing of these structures. In line with the IH, the bilinguals only demonstrated L1 attrition in interpreting and processing ziji, which assumingly involve syntax and pragmatics. However, the IH cannot fully explain the specific patterns of L1 attrition observed in this study. Furthermore, the results partially supported our hypothesis that individual differences in cognitive abilities could explain variation in L1 attrition. The interaction between WM capacity and other factors explained variation in processing ziji, but not in interpreting ziji off-line. Nevertheless, this finding highlighted the possible role of cognitive factors in explaining variation in L1 attrition. We conclude with suggestions in how future research can be informed by taking a more a holistic, cross-disciplinary approach to L1 attrition.
Additional file 1 of Impact of sub-setting the data of the main Limousin beef cattle population on the estimates of across-country genetic correlations
Creators: name: Bonifazi, Renzo
name: Vandenplas, Jeremie
name: Napel, Jan Ten
name: Matilainen, Kaarina
name: Veerkamp, Roel F.
name: Calus, Mario P. L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. List of fixed, random environmental and covariate environmental effects in the national model per each population. Table S2. Number of phenotypes (N), minimum, phenotypic mean, maximum and phenotypic standard deviation ($$\sigma_{P}$$σP) of males and females per population. Table S3. Age of adjustment, recording time frame, editing and adjusting criteria for weaning weight records in each population as reported in Interbeef national Genetic Evaluation forms in 2018 [30]. Table S4. Differences in estimated genetic correlations for direct and maternal genetic effects (below diagonal) and their standard errors (above diagonal) between RND and ALL. Table S5. Differences in estimated genetic correlations for direct and maternal genetic effects (below diagonal) and their standard errors (above diagonal) between GSCB and ALL. Table S6. Differences in estimated genetic correlations for direct and maternal genetic effects (below diagonal) and their standard errors (above diagonal) between GSTOT and ALL. Table S7. Differences in estimated genetic correlations for direct and maternal genetic effects (below diagonal) and their standard errors (above diagonal) between HM and ALL. Table S8. Average differences in GS between each random subset of FRA-herds of RND and ALL.
Radiative Transfer modeling of EC 53: An Episodically Accreting Class I Young Stellar Object
Creators: name: Baek, Giseon
name: MacFarlane, Benjamin A.
name: Lee, Jeong-Eun
name: Stamatellos, Dimitris
name: Herczeg, Gregory
name: Johnstone, Doug
name: Pena, Carlos Contreras
name: Varricatt, Watson
name: Hodapp, Klaus W.
name: Chen, Huei-Ru Vivien
name: Kang, Sung-Ju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the episodic accretion scenario, a large fraction of the protostellar mass accretes during repeated and large bursts of accretion. Since outbursts on protostars are typically identified at specific wavelengths, interpreting these outbursts requires converting this change in flux to a change in total luminosity. The Class I young stellar object EC 53 in the Serpens Main cloud has undergone repeated increases in brightness at 850 $μ$m that are likely caused by bursts of accretion. In this study, we perform two- and three-dimensional continuum radiative transfer modeling to quantify the internal luminosity rise in EC 53 that corresponds to the factor of $\sim$1.5 enhancement in flux at 850 $μ$m. We model the spectral energy distribution and radial intensity profile in both the quiescent and outburst phases. The internal luminosity in the outburst phase is $\sim 3.3$ times brighter than the luminosity in the quiescent phase. The radial intensity profile analysis demonstrates that the detected sub-mm flux variation of EC 53 comes from the heated envelope by the accretion burst. We also find that the role of external heating of the EC 53 envelope by the interstellar radiation field is insignificant.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Finite Groups With Many Product Conjugacy Classes
Creators: name: Dade, Everett C.
name: Yadav, Manoj K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We classify all finite groups G such that the product of any two non-inverse conjugacy classes of G is always a conjugacy class of G. We also classify all finite groups G for which the product of any two G-conjugacy classes which are not inverse modulo the center of G is again a conjugacy class of G.
description: I withdraw this paper from arXiv, because it has been published in Israel Journal of Mathematics