cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analysis report on the use of data and open science results
Creators: name: Boscolo, Marco
name: Bonelli, Giulia
name: Tola, Elisabetta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: ENJOI
Innovation
Open Science
Data Journalism

description: *New version available * This Analysis Report on Data Journalism follows a Digital Engagement Focus Report realised in the summer of 2021 within the ENJOI project (WP7, deliverable 7.1). We tracked 15 practical experiences testing engagement as a key innovation asset in science journalism and communication in Europe in this previous work. Overall, within WP7, we explore the existing media landscape in science journalism and communication through the prism of engagement, data, general innovation, and solutions.
description: ENJOI WP7. Exploring the existing landscape of innovation and openness in science journalism and communication
Supplemental Digital Content 2. Table of baseline demographic characteristics for strength-matched cohort.
Creators: name: Robinson, Austin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Exercise physiology

description: Supplemental Digital Content 2. Baseline demographic characteristics for participants in the strength-matched cohort. Abbreviations include: BP, blood pressure; HG, handgrip. Female vs. male differences were compared using Independent Samples Student’s t-test (mass, body surface area, diastolic BP, maximal voluntary contraction, rate of perceived exertion) or Mann-Whitney U-tests (age, height, height2, body mass index, systolic BP, mean BP, and average 40% HG force). Data presented as mean ± SD. Significant sex differences (p≤0.05) indicated by *.
Electronic anisotropies revealed by detwinned ARPES measurements of FeSe
Creators: name: Watson, Matthew D
name: Haghighirad, Amir A.
name: Rhodes, Luke C.
name: Hoesch, Moritz
name: Kim, Timur K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report high resolution ARPES measurements of detwinned FeSe single crystals. The application of a mechanical strain is used to promote the volume fraction of one of the orthorhombic domains in the sample, which we estimate to be 80$\%$ detwinned. While the full structure of the electron pockets consisting of two crossed ellipses may be observed in the tetragonal phase at temperatures above 90~K, we find that remarkably, only one peanut-shaped electron pocket oriented along the longer $a$ axis contributes to the ARPES measurement at low temperatures in the nematic phase, with the expected pocket along $b$ being not observed. Thus the low temperature Fermi surface of FeSe as experimentally determined by ARPES consists of one elliptical hole pocket and one orthogonally-oriented peanut-shaped electron pocket. Our measurements clarify the long-standing controversies over the interpretation of ARPES measurements of FeSe.
The pragmatics of the modern Greek grammatical system
Creators: name: Chondrogianni, Maria
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2010

description: This thesis is primarily concerned with the Pragmatics of the Modern Greek (MG) grammatical system. A secondary aim is the investigation of the relationship between morpho-syntax, phonology and pragmatics’ related features which form part of the grammar, in allowing a speaker’s intention to be formulated into a linguistic expression. The term grammatical mood is used in this work as the category which includes ‘all grammatical elements operating on a situation/proposition, that are not directly concerned with situating an event in the actual world, as conceived by the speaker’ (Hengeveld 2004). Moreover, the analysis undertaken follows the framework provided by Hengeveld et al. (2007) of a systematic hierarchical classification of propositional and behavioural basic illocutions. Recent research has provided an extensive analysis of the syntax and semantics of the MG verb moods; this thesis focuses on the way illocution is codified in a speaker’s message, through the morphosyntactic and phonological choices the speaker has made. Based on morphosyntactic criteria, five MG grammatical moods are formally distinguished, namely the Indicative, the Subjunctive, the Imperative, the Prohibitive and the Hortative. Furthermore, the five prosodic contours available to a speaker when forming a linguistic expression are identified, which contribute to the specification of particular uses. The main contribution of this thesis is a systematic representation of the basic illocutions of MG based on markers that have an illocutionary impact, such as the Verb Mood, the Negation, the Clitic Placement, the Intonation Patterns and any Additional Segmental Strategies used by MG speakers. In addition to Theoretical Linguistics and Pragmatics, the findings could benefit several other disciplines, including natural language acquisition, first and second language teaching as well as natural language interfaces, human-machine interaction, speech processing systems, and on-line language learning systems.
Analysis report on the use of data and open science results
Creators: name: Boscolo, Marco
name: Bonelli, Giulia
name: Tola, Elisabetta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: ENJOI
Innovation
Open Science
Data Journalism

description: This Analysis Report on Data Journalism follows a Digital Engagement Focus Report realised in the summer of 2021 within the ENJOI project (WP7, deliverable 7.1). We tracked 15 practical experiences testing engagement as a key innovation asset in science journalism and communication in Europe in this previous work. Overall, within WP7, we explore the existing media landscape in science journalism and communication through the prism of engagement, data, general innovation, and solutions.
description: ENJOI WP7. Exploring the existing landscape of innovation and openness in science journalism and communication
Secant degeneracy index of the standard strata in the space of binary forms
Creators: name: Nenashev, Gleb
name: Shapiro, Boris
name: Shapiro, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M99 (Primary), 11E25, 11P05 (Secondary)

description: The space $Pol_d\simeq \bC P^d$ of all complex-valued binary forms of degree $d$ (considered up to a constant factor) has a standard stratification, each stratum of which contains all forms whose set of multiplicities of their distinct roots is given by a fixed partition $μ\vdash d$. For each such stratum $S_μ,$ we introduce its secant degeneracy index $\ell_μ$ which is the minimal number of projectively dependent pairwise distinct points on $S_μ$, i.e., points whose projective span has dimension smaller than $\ell_μ-1$. In what follows, we discuss the secant degeneracy index $\ell_μ$ and the secant degeneracy index $\ell_{\bar μ}$ of the closure $\bar S_μ$.
description: 11 pages
Semi-supervised Learning based on Distributionally Robust Optimization
Creators: name: Blanchet, Jose
name: Kang, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a novel method for semi-supervised learning (SSL) based on data-driven distributionally robust optimization (DRO) using optimal transport metrics. Our proposed method enhances generalization error by using the unlabeled data to restrict the support of the worst case distribution in our DRO formulation. We enable the implementation of our DRO formulation by proposing a stochastic gradient descent algorithm which allows to easily implement the training procedure. We demonstrate that our Semi-supervised DRO method is able to improve the generalization error over natural supervised procedures and state-of-the-art SSL estimators. Finally, we include a discussion on the large sample behavior of the optimal uncertainty region in the DRO formulation. Our discussion exposes important aspects such as the role of dimension reduction in SSL.
Anatomy of Topological Surface States: Exact Solutions from Destructive Interference on Frustrated Lattices
Creators: name: Kunst, Flore K.
name: Trescher, Maximilian
name: Bergholtz, Emil J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hallmark of topological phases is their robust boundary signature whose intriguing properties---such as the one-way transport on the chiral edge of a Chern insulator and the sudden disappearance of surface states forming open Fermi arcs on the surfaces of Weyl semimetals---are impossible to realize on the surface alone. Yet, despite the glaring simplicity of non-interacting topological bulk Hamiltonians and their concomitant energy spectrum, the detailed study of the corresponding surface states has essentially been restricted to numerical simulation. In this work, however, we show that exact analytical solutions of both topological and trivial surface states can be obtained for generic tight-binding models on a large class of geometrically frustrated lattices in any dimension without the need for fine-tuning of hopping amplitudes. Our solutions derive from local constraints tantamount to destructive interference between neighboring layer lattices perpendicular to the surface and provide microscopic insights into the structure of the surface states that enable analytical calculation of many desired properties. We illustrate our general findings on a large number of examples in two and three spatial dimensions. Notably, we derive exact chiral Chern insulator edge states on the spin orbit-coupled kagome lattice, and Fermi arcs relevant for various recently synthesized pyrochlore iridate slabs. Remarkably, each of the pyrochlore slabs exhibit Fermi arcs although only the ones with a magnetic one-in-three-out configuration feature bulk Weyl nodes in realistic parameter regimes. Our approach furthermore signal the absence of topological surface states, which we illustrate for a class of models akin to the trivial surface of Hourglass materials KHg$X$.
description: 24 pages, 17 figures
Les vécus, stratégies et attentes de formation d’enseignants de primaire face aux comportements perturbateurs des élèves : une enquête exploratoire
Creators: name: RICS, Revue
name: Damon-Tao, Laura
name: Virat, Mael
name: Hagège, Hélène
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Primary education
Teacher education and professional development of educators

description: Les comportements perturbateurs des élèves sont fortement associés à la dimension du conflit de la relation enseignant-élève. En France, il semble que les enseignants soient confrontés à des problématiques importantes dans ce domaine. Une étude qualitative par questionnaire en ligne a été menée auprès d’enseignants de primaire français pour mieux comprendre leurs vécus, connaissances et attentes en matière de régulation des comportements perturbateurs d’élèves. Vingt personnes ont répondu, uniquement des femmes. Plus de trois quarts des enseignantes interrogées relatent des situations où des élèves ont fait preuve de comportements agressifs, générant chez elles un sentiment d’épuisement émotionnel, d’anxiété, d’impuissance ainsi qu’une baisse du sentiment d’efficacité personnelle. Cependant, la moitié des participantes exprime un avis défavorable à l’idée de suivre une formation dédiée sur ce sujet. En outre, les participantes disposées à suivre une formation précisent qu’il est nécessaire qu’elle soit en lien avec leurs vécus et apporte des outils pratiques.
Variational Convergence of Discrete Geometrically-Incompatible Elastic Models
Creators: name: Kupferman, Raz
name: Maor, Cy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 74B20, 53Z05

description: We derive a continuum model for incompatible elasticity as a variational limit of a family of discrete nearest-neighbor elastic models. The discrete models are based on discretizations of a smooth Riemannian manifold $(M,\mathfrak{g})$, endowed with a flat, symmetric connection $\nabla$. The metric $\mathfrak{g}$ determines local equilibrium distances between neighboring points; the connection $\nabla$ induces a lattice structure shared by all the discrete models. The limit model satisfies a fundamental rigidity property: there are no stress-free configurations, unless $\mathfrak{g}$ is flat, i.e., has zero Riemann curvature. Our analysis focuses on two-dimensional systems, however, all our results readily generalize to higher dimensions.
description: v3: a more concise version (similar to the published version); proof of Proposition 4.4 corrected, Lemma A.4 added
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CRUDE AND PARTITION PORTIONS OF Leptadenia hastata ROOT EXTRACTS
Creators: name: K. A. Sanda
Publisher: name: JSR Unimaid
Year: 2024

description: ABSTRACT

Leptadenia hastata is an edible, non-domesticated vegetable. It is cultivated and collected in the wild, and arid tropical regions characterised by sandy soil composition throughout Africa. The ethnobotanical data collected from Traditional Medical Practitioners in northern Nigeria indicates that L. hastata is utilized for the management of diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have documented the antibacterial and antimicrobial properties of L. hastata. This study was carried out to determine the chemical content and in-vitro antioxidant activity of the root of L. hastata. After exhaustive soxhlet extraction of the root, the extract was then fractionated.  In-vitro antioxidant activity and qualitative phytochemical analysis of the fractionated and the residual portions were determine using a DPPH free radical assay and standard procedure. The extractive values of the ethanol extract, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and residual aqueous portions were 18.3% w/w, 0.89% w/w, 21.6% w/w, 13.2% w/w, and 45.3% w/w, respectively. The result of qualitative phytochemical analysis of these extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardenolides, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids in all but alkaloids and saponins were not detected in the chloroform portion. The crude extract was found to be safe, as indicated by an oral mean lethal dose (LD50) ≤ 3600 mg/kg body weight in rats. In-vitro antioxidant activity using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assay revealed the presence of antioxidant principles in the crude extract, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol portions similar to the standard ascorbic acid. However, only chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol showed concentration-dependent scavenging activity at concentrations of the solutions (10 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml, 30 mg/ml, 40 mg/ml, and 50 mg/ml).  Conclusively, L. hastata has proven to be a good source of antioxidant compounds using chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol as solvents.

Keywords: Phytochemical Screening; In-vitro; Antioxidant; Leptadenia hastata
Determinants of gait stability while walking on a treadmill: a machine learning approach
Creators: name: Reynard, Fabienne
name: Terrier, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Dynamic balance in human locomotion can be assessed through the local dynamic stability (LDS) method. Whereas gait LDS has been used successfully in many settings and applications, little is known about its sensitivity to individual characteristics of healthy adults. Therefore, we reanalyzed a large dataset of accelerometric data measured for 100 healthy adults from 20 to 70 years of age performing 10 min. treadmill walking. We sought to assess the extent to which the variations of age, body mass and height, sex, and preferred walking speed (PWS) could influence gait LDS. The random forest (RF) and multiple adaptive regression splines (MARS) algorithms were selected for their good bias-variance tradeoff and their capabilities to handle nonlinear associations. First, through variable importance measure (VIM), we used RF to evaluate which individual characteristics had the highest influence on gait LDS. Second, we used MARS to detect potential interactions among individual characteristics that may influence LDS. The VIM and MARS results indicated that PWS and age correlated with LDS, whereas no associations were found for sex, body height, and body mass. Further, the MARS model detected an age by PWS interaction: on one hand, at high PWS, gait stability is constant across age while, on the other hand, at low PWS, gait instability increases substantially with age. We conclude that it is advisable to consider the participants' age as well as their PWS to avoid potential biases in evaluating dynamic balance through LDS.
description: This is the author's version of a manuscript published in the Journal of Biomechanics
Lorentz-violating Yang-Mills theory: discussing the Chern-Simons-like term generation
Creators: name: Santos, Tiago R. S.
name: Sobreiro, Rodrigo F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the Chern-Simons-like term generation in the CPT-odd Lorentz-violating Yang-Mills theory interacting with fermions. Moreover, we study the anomalies of this model as well as its quantum stability. The whole analysis is performed within the algebraic renormalization theory, which is independent of the renormalization scheme. In addition, all results are valid to all orders in perturbation theory. We find that the Chern-Simons-like term is not generated by radiative corrections, just like its Abelian version. Additionally, the model is also free of gauge anomalies and quantum stable.
description: 16 pages. No figures. Final version to appear in the Eur.Phys.J.C
Non-reciprocal Light-harvesting Nanoantennae Made by Nature
Creators: name: Ting, Julian Juhi-Lian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Most of our current understanding of mechanisms of photosynthesis comes from spectroscopy. However, classical definition of radio-antenna can be extended to optical regime to discuss the function of light-harvesting antennae. Further to our previously proposed model of a loop antenna we provide several more physical explanations on considering the non-reciprocal properties of the light harvesters of bacteria. We explained the function of the non-heme iron at the reaction center, and presented reasons for each module of the light harvester being composed of one carotenoid, two short $α$-helical polypeptides and three bacteriochlorophylls; we explained also the toroidal shape of the light harvester, the upper bound of the characteristic length of the light harvester, the functional role played by the long-lasting spectrometric signal observed, and the photon anti-bunching observed. Based on these analyses, two mechanisms might be used by radiation-durable bacteria, {\it Deinococcus radiodurans}; and the non-reciprocity of an archaeon, {\it Haloquadratum walsbyi}, are analyzed. The physical lessons involved are useful for designing artificial light harvesters, optical sensors, wireless power chargers, passive super-Planckian heat radiators, photocatalytic hydrogen generators, and radiation protective cloaks. In particular it can predict what kind of particles should be used to separate sunlight into a photovoltaically and thermally useful range to enhance the efficiency of solar cells.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, 100 references cited
Utilizing mass media in the political empowerment of Egyptian women
Creators: name: Dawoud, Aliaa
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2010

description: Egyptian women’s activists are widely regarded as pioneers in calling for women’s rights in the Arab world. However, the struggle for women’s rights in Egypt is a complex one that has led to many achievements, but has also involved numerous setbacks. The media has been central throughout this struggle and all of this has always taken place in a highly politicized environment, which involved changes in the state’s approach to women’s rights. Thus, this study investigates the interplay between women, media and politics in Egypt. It uses theories of authoritarianism that have been used to describe the nature of the incumbent Egyptian regime, as well as notions pertaining to the corporatist tactics it resorts to in order to analyze the manner in which the state deals with women’s activists and their access to the media. This involves a particular emphasis on the privately owned media which has flourished in Egypt in recent years. Also, because the Egyptian government is directly and actively involved in ‘women’s issues’, the study uses the notion of state feminism to analyze its efforts in this regard and how they relate to media treatment of women and their rights. In addition, the study draws on theories of post and neo colonialism to analyze how efforts in the area of women’s rights by both the government and activists relate to the international framework, which promotes a specific version of women’s rights. This is done by interviewing female members of political parties, NGOs and a governmental women’s organization, as well as using archival research to analyze the information available in the publications of these organizations. Other methods employed in this study are critical discourse analysis to analyze media treatment of women’s political empowerment, in addition to focus groups to investigate Egyptian female audiences’ reception of political drama. As a result, the study breaks new ground in theorizing the relationship between the state and women’s activists and thus explains the activists’ media access. It also develops the notion of state feminism and relates it to the media. Finally, the study reveals and theorizes how the privately owned media in Egypt is subtly controlled by the state.
Fluctuations in 1D stochastic homogenization of pseudo-elliptic equations with long-range dependent potentials
Creators: name: Lechiheb, Atef
name: Haouala, Ezeddine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 80M40, 60H05 (Primary), 60H25, 62M40, 60G15 (Secondary)

description: This paper deals with the homogenization problem of one-dimensional pseudo-elliptic equations with a rapidly varying random potential. The main purpose is to characterize the homogenization error (random fluctuations), i.e., the difference between the random solution and the homogenized solution, which strongly depends on the autocovariance property of the underlying random potential. It is well known that when the random potential has short-range dependence, the rescaled homogenization error converges in distribution to a stochastic integral with respect to standard Brownian motion. Here, we are interested in potentials with long-range dependence and we prove convergence to stochastic integrals with respect to Hermite process.
description: 23 pages
Near-field thermal radiative transfer between two coated spheres
Creators: name: Czapla, Braden
name: Narayanaswamy, Arvind
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we present an expression for the near-field thermal radiative transfer between two spheres with an arbitrary numbers of coatings. We numerically demonstrate that the spectrum of heat transfer between layered spheres exhibits novel features due to the newly introduced interfaces between coatings and cores. These features include broad super-Planckian peaks at non-resonant frequencies and near-field selective emission between metallic spheres with polar material coatings. Spheres with cores and coatings of two different polar materials are also shown to exceed the total conductance of homogeneous spheres in some cases.
description: Final version of paper following peer review: some content was moved from main body of text to appendices but results are unchanged
A multiscale method for semi-linear elliptic equations with localized uncertainties and non-linearities
Creators: name: Nouy, Anthony
name: Pled, Florent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R60, 60H15, 65N30, 65N55, 65D15

description: A multiscale numerical method is proposed for the solution of semi-linear elliptic stochastic partial differential equations with localized uncertainties and non-linearities, the uncertainties being modeled by a set of random parameters. It relies on a domain decomposition method which introduces several subdomains of interest (called patches) containing the different sources of uncertainties and non-linearities. An iterative algorithm is then introduced, which requires the solution of a sequence of linear global problems (with deterministic operators and uncertain right-hand sides), and non-linear local problems (with uncertain operators and/or right-hand sides) over the patches. Non-linear local problems are solved using an adaptive sampling-based least-squares method for the construction of sparse polynomial approximations of local solutions as functions of the random parameters. Consistency, convergence and robustness of the algorithm are proved under general assumptions on the semi-linear elliptic operator. A convergence acceleration technique (Aitken's dynamic relaxation) is also introduced to speed up the convergence of the algorithm. The performances of the proposed method are illustrated through numerical experiments carried out on a stationary non-linear diffusion-reaction problem.
description: 39 pages, ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis, EDP Sciences
Square-free values of decomposable forms
Creators: name: Xiao, Stanley Yao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we prove that decomposable forms, or homogeneous polynomials $F(x_1, \cdots, x_n)$ with integer coefficients which split completely into linear factors over $\mathbb{C}$, take on infinitely many square-free values subject to simple necessary conditions and $\operatorname{deg} f \leq 2n + 2$ for all irreducible factors $f$ of $F$. This work generalizes a theorem of Greaves.
description: Final author's draft; accepted
A new coupling mechanism between two graphene electron waveguides for ultrafast switching
Creators: name: Huang, Wei
name: Liang, Shi-Jun
name: Kyoseva, Elica
name: Ang, Lay Kee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel ultrafast electronic switching device based on dual-graphene electron waveguides, in analogy to the optical dual-channel waveguide device. The design utilizes the principle of coherent quantum mechanical tunneling of Rabi oscillations between the two graphene electron waveguides. Based on a modified coupled mode theory, we construct a theoretical model to analyse the device characteristics, and predict that the swtiching speed is faster than 1 ps. Due to the long mean free path of electrons in graphene at room temperature, the proposed design avoids the limitation of low temperature operation required in the normal semiconductor quantum-well structure. The layout of the our design is similar to that of a standard CMOS transistor that should be readily fabricated with current state-of-art nanotechnology.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
How far are we from solving the 2D & 3D Face Alignment problem? (and a dataset of 230,000 3D facial landmarks)
Creators: name: Bulat, Adrian
name: Tzimiropoulos, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper investigates how far a very deep neural network is from attaining close to saturating performance on existing 2D and 3D face alignment datasets. To this end, we make the following 5 contributions: (a) we construct, for the first time, a very strong baseline by combining a state-of-the-art architecture for landmark localization with a state-of-the-art residual block, train it on a very large yet synthetically expanded 2D facial landmark dataset and finally evaluate it on all other 2D facial landmark datasets. (b) We create a guided by 2D landmarks network which converts 2D landmark annotations to 3D and unifies all existing datasets, leading to the creation of LS3D-W, the largest and most challenging 3D facial landmark dataset to date ~230,000 images. (c) Following that, we train a neural network for 3D face alignment and evaluate it on the newly introduced LS3D-W. (d) We further look into the effect of all "traditional" factors affecting face alignment performance like large pose, initialization and resolution, and introduce a "new" one, namely the size of the network. (e) We show that both 2D and 3D face alignment networks achieve performance of remarkable accuracy which is probably close to saturating the datasets used. Training and testing code as well as the dataset can be downloaded from https://www.adrianbulat.com/face-alignment/
description: accepted to ICCV 2017
Hairy black-hole solutions in generalized Proca theories
Creators: name: Heisenberg, Lavinia
name: Kase, Ryotaro
name: Minamitsuji, Masato
name: Tsujikawa, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a family of exact black-hole solutions on a static spherically symmetric background in second-order generalized Proca theories with derivative vector-field interactions coupled to gravity. We also derive non-exact solutions in power-law coupling models including vector Galileons and numerically show the existence of regular black holes with a primary hair associated with the longitudinal propagation. The intrinsic vector-field derivative interactions generally give rise to a secondary hair induced by non-trivial field profiles. The deviation from General Relativity is most significant around the horizon and hence there is a golden opportunity for probing the Proca hair by the measurements of gravitational waves (GWs) in the regime of strong gravity.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, published version
Generalized feedback vertex set problems on bounded-treewidth graphs: chordality is the key to single-exponential parameterized algorithms
Creators: name: Bonnet, Édouard
name: Brettell, Nick
name: Kwon, O-joung
name: Marx, Dániel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It has long been known that Feedback Vertex Set can be solved in time $2^{\mathcal{O}(w\log w)}n^{\mathcal{O}(1)}$ on $n$-vertex graphs of treewidth $w$, but it was only recently that this running time was improved to $2^{\mathcal{O}(w)}n^{\mathcal{O}(1)}$, that is, to single-exponential parameterized by treewidth. We investigate which generalizations of Feedback Vertex Set can be solved in a similar running time. Formally, for a class $\mathcal{P}$ of graphs, the Bounded $\mathcal{P}$-Block Vertex Deletion problem asks, given a graph~$G$ on $n$ vertices and positive integers~$k$ and~$d$, whether $G$ contains a set~$S$ of at most $k$ vertices such that each block of $G-S$ has at most $d$ vertices and is in $\mathcal{P}$. Assuming that $\mathcal{P}$ is recognizable in polynomial time and satisfies a certain natural hereditary condition, we give a sharp characterization of when single-exponential parameterized algorithms are possible for fixed values of $d$: if $\mathcal{P}$ consists only of chordal graphs, then the problem can be solved in time $2^{\mathcal{O}(wd^2)} n^{\mathcal{O}(1)}$, and if $\mathcal{P}$ contains a graph with an induced cycle of length $\ell\ge 4$, then the problem is not solvable in time $2^{o(w\log w)} n^{\mathcal{O}(1)}$ even for fixed $d=\ell$, unless the ETH fails. We also study a similar problem, called Bounded $\mathcal{P}$-Component Vertex Deletion, where the target graphs have connected components of small size rather than blocks of small size, and we present analogous results. For this problem, we also show that if $d$ is part of the input and $\mathcal{P}$ contains all chordal graphs, then it cannot be solved in time $f(w)n^{o(w)}$ for some function $f$, unless the ETH fails.
description: 43 pages, 9 figures
Essays on the impact of education on misclassified civic outcomes: studies of Italy and the UK
Creators: name: Delprato, Marcos
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2010

description: In this dissertation I examine the impact of education on a range of civic outcomes in Italy and the UK which embody two of the main dimensions of social capital: civic engagement and social trust. The central aim of this thesis is to attain a credible relationship between education and civic outcomes, accounting for diverse issues which may obscure it. Namely, unobservables driving education choices (i.e., endogeneity), and the tendency to under-report sensitive topics and over-report civic opinions (i.e., misclassification). This approach allows me to ascertain the extent to which the causal effect of schooling on the civic indicators is either genuine or is driven mainly by endogeneity and a systematic misreporting by educational levels. I also investigate how these elements vary by contextual factors of the two countries. The contribution in this area is given by utilizing data from these two countries, considering a distinct group of civic outcomes (i.e., civic opinions and civic behaviours) and by dealing with misreporting. Previous research does not explicitly control for misclassification and focuses on civic engagement, one aspect of social capital. Furthermore, I con- tribute by introducing a hurdle ordered probit with misclassification to account for two issues regarding the distribution of a self-reported ordered outcome, its skewness and its misclassification. The main findings are: (i) for Italy, qualitative overall conclusions regarding the causality of education on civic outcomes are indeed affected when accounting for misclassification: education turns out to be insignificant across civic behaviours, (ii) for the UK, on the contrary, education has significant positive effects on all civic outcomes due to upward biases induced by endogeneity, (iii) both Italy and the UK, however, do not differ substantially overall with regards to misreporting: most civic outcomes are misclassified for either country, and misreporting is more severe for civic behaviours due to a larger infuence of social desirability.
MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES AND IN-SILICO ADME EVALUATION OF SOME HYBRID 2-QUINOLINONE DERIVATIVES CONTAINING CINNAMIC ACID AS ANTI-BREAST CANCER DRUGS
Creators: name: Samuel, Ndaghiya Adawara1
Publisher: name: jsr Unimaid
Year: 2024
Subjects: ADMET
3ERT
2-quinolinone
MCF-7
Docking

description: ABSTRACT

 Cancer has been classified as the second leading cause of death worldwide after cardiac arrest, and this has resulted in a series of studies by various scholars, both in experimental and theoretical science. While those in experimental science focus on synthesis and evaluation, the theoretical or computational scientist screens the synthesised and even unreported compounds against the targeted receptor. This study aimed at investigating the potential and mechanism of interaction, drug-likeness, and pharmacokinetics of five 2-quinolinone derivatives containing cinnamic acid as anti-breast cancer drugs through molecular docking and in-silico pharmacokinetic prediction. Molecular docking was carried out between the experimentally validated five 2-quinolinone derivatives (3-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-quinolin-1-ylamino)-3-phenyl acrylic acid (1),  3-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,6,8-tribromo-2-oxo-2H-quinolin-1-ylamino)-3-phenyl acrylic acid (2),   3-(7-Acetoxy-4-methyl-3,6,8-tribromo-2-oxo-1H-quinolin-1-ylamino)-3-phenyl acrylic acid (3), 3-(7-(β-hydrazino, β-p-chlorophenyl-vinyloxy-4- methyl-2-oxo-1H-quinolin-1 -ylamino] -3-phenylacrylic acid hydrazide (4) and  2,2-(Diacetyl)-1-[β-(4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-quinolin-7-yloxy-β-(4-chlorophenyl)vinyl]-hydrazine (5)) against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The 2-quinolinone derivatives were optimised geometrically (DFT, B3LYP), after which they were docked with the targeted protease (protein data bank ID: 3ERT), and their pharmacokinetic properties were predicted as well. The co-crystallised ligand-protein of the protease was used as a standard to provide the basis for validation of the docking score, and for the interaction of amino acid residues involved in the interaction. The result of the molecular docking obtained using this method showed a docking score of (-24.9422, -28.713, -24.0162, -28.9148, and -29.3984 kcal/mol). The interactions with some significant amino acid residues demonstrated the success of the molecular docking interaction. Compounds 1 and 5 firmly adhere to all of Lipinski's rule's requirements, according to the pharmacokinetic predictions, and they also have outstanding GIA and bioavailability. Furthermore, 2-quinolinone derivative hybrids have the potential to be the lead compound for an efficacious ERα antagonist that might be used to treat breast cancer, in addition to providing insight into how the compound binds to the MCF-7 receptor.
Stochastic Metric Space and Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Kurihara, Yoshimasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new idea for the quantization of dynamic systems, as well as space time itself, using a stochastic metric is proposed. The quantum mechanics of a mass point is constructed on a space time manifold using a stochastic metric. A stochastic metric space is, in brief, a metric space whose metric tensor is given stochastically according to some appropriate distribution function. A mathematically consistent model of a space time manifold equipping a stochastic metric is proposed in this report. The quantum theory in the local Minkowski space can be recognized as a classical theory on the stochastic Lorentz-metric-space. A stochastic calculus on the space time manifold is performed using white noise functional analysis. A path-integral quantization is introduced as a stochastic integration of a function of the action integral, and it is shown that path-integrals on the stochastic metric space are mathematically well-defined for large variety of potential functions. The Newton--Nelson equation of motion can also be obtained from the Newtonian equation of motion on the stochastic metric space. It is also shown that the commutation relation required under the canonical quantization is consistent with the stochastic quantization introduced in this report. The quantum effects of general relativity are also analyzed through natural use of the stochastic metrics. Some example of quantum effects on the universe is discussed.
description: 39 pages, 0 figures
Diabetic foot: microbiology, pathogenesis and glycan studies
Creators: name: Dharod, Meghna
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2010

description: Complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. Diabetic foot infections remain one of the major complications leading to a leg loss every 3 seconds due to amputations causing mental trauma and distress. In diabetic foot ulcers aerobes, anaerobes and fungus often interact with each other and form biofilms which is difficult to treat, enhancing antimicrobial resistance and lead to a non-healing ulcer. Co-existing peripheral vascular disease and neuropathy exacerbate the problems. In T2DM patients’ minor cuts and wounds, often lead to hard to treat and chronic ulcers which can worsen to gangrene formation which may lead to osteomyelitis compromising the mechanics of the foot. It is necessary to identify the virulence factors of these clinically significant microbes and to identify the resistance patterns regularly to limit the antibiotic usage and target to the specific organisms. A Cohort studies were carried out in India and in the UK to identify the risk factors among the diabetic foot patients along with their microbial aetiology and antibiotic resistance patterns from the tissue and pus samples. This part of the research has shown the presence of mixed cultures mainly from the Indian diabetic foot ulcer specimens with higher percentages of anaerobes than aerobes. Multi-drug resistant organisms were one of the peculiar characteristics of the diabetic foot ulcer profiles of Indian patients. As compared to the Indian patients, UK patients had few resistant organisms and the patients admitted to hospitals in India were at the last stage of foot ulcers whereas in the UK, surveillance and preventative strategies allow early detection and intervention. Currently there is a lack of rapid, robust and an inexpensive diagnostic method for the rapid typing and identification of clinically significant anaerobes. Another part of the research focussed on utilising the glycan-lectin interactions by developing a simple enzyme linked lectin sorbent assay by employing biotinylated lectins to develop to an enzyme linked lectin sorbent assay (ELLA) on whole cells, Proteinase K treated cells and glycolipids of clinically significant aerobes and anaerobes. This study is concluded by utilising the glycan-lectin interactions and to develop a rapid typing method for clinically significant Methicillin resistant and sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis species. The rapid identification of anaerobes and typing of Peptostreptococcus species was also by facilitated by the developed ELLA method. Finegoldia magna is one of the most significant anaerobes from soft tissue infections and the Gas Chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the glycolipids of Finegoldia magna on composition analysis using show the presence of sialic acid which could be involved in pathogenesis. This sugar may be one of virulence factor employed by this organism in either attachment to the host or to other organisms.
Stellar-to-halo mass relation of cluster galaxies
Creators: name: Niemiec, Anna
name: Jullo, Eric
name: Limousin, Marceau
name: Giocoli, Carlo
name: Erben, Thomas
name: Hildebrant, Hendrik
name: Kneib, Jean-Paul
name: Leauthaud, Alexie
name: Makler, Martin
name: Moraes, Bruno
name: Pereira, Maria E. S.
name: Shan, Huanyuan
name: Rozo, Eduardo
name: Rykoff, Eli
name: Van Waerbeke, Ludovic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the hierarchical formation model, galaxy clusters grow by accretion of smaller groups or isolated galaxies. During the infall into the centre of a cluster, the properties of accreted galaxies change. In particular, both observations and numerical simulations suggest that its dark matter halo is stripped by the tidal forces of the host. We use galaxy-galaxy weak lensing to measure the average mass of dark matter haloes of satellite galaxies as a function of projected distance to the centre of the host, for different stellar mass bins. Assuming that the stellar component of the galaxy is less disrupted by tidal stripping, stellar mass can be used as a proxy of the infall mass. We study the stellar to halo mass relation of satellites as a function of the cluster-centric distance to measure tidal stripping. We use the shear catalogues of the DES science verification archive, the CFHTLenS and the CFHT Stripe 82 (CS82) surveys, and we select satellites from the redMaPPer catalogue of clusters. For galaxies located in the outskirts of clusters, we find a stellar to halo mass relation in good agreement with the theoretical expectations from \citet{moster2013} for central galaxies. In the centre of the cluster, we find that this relation is shifted to smaller halo mass for a given stellar mass. We interpret this finding as further evidence for tidal stripping of dark matter haloes in high density environments.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures
Stigmergy-based modeling to discover urban activity patterns from positioning data
Creators: name: Alfeo, Antonio L.
name: Cimino, Mario G. C. A.
name: Egidi, Sara
name: Lepri, Bruno
name: Pentland, Alex
name: Vaglini, Gigliola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: H.2.8; I.5.2

description: Positioning data offer a remarkable source of information to analyze crowds urban dynamics. However, discovering urban activity patterns from the emergent behavior of crowds involves complex system modeling. An alternative approach is to adopt computational techniques belonging to the emergent paradigm, which enables self-organization of data and allows adaptive analysis. Specifically, our approach is based on stigmergy. By using stigmergy each sample position is associated with a digital pheromone deposit, which progressively evaporates and aggregates with other deposits according to their spatiotemporal proximity. Based on this principle, we exploit positioning data to identify high density areas (hotspots) and characterize their activity over time. This characterization allows the comparison of dynamics occurring in different days, providing a similarity measure exploitable by clustering techniques. Thus, we cluster days according to their activity behavior, discovering unexpected urban activity patterns. As a case study, we analyze taxi traces in New York City during 2015.
Machine Learning for Atomistic Modeling: Representations and Thermal Transport
Creators: name: Langer, Marcel F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: machine learning
materials science
molecular dynamics
automatic differentiation

description: This repository contains code and data for the dissertation "Machine Learning for Atomistic Modeling: Representations and Thermal Transport" by Marcel F. Langer. This repository is available at https://github.com/sirmarcel/doctor-archive. Selected versions are archived on Zenodo, under doi:10.5281/zenodo.7963152. The official version of the thesis can be found at doi:10.14279/depositonce-18647, the website for the thesis at marcel.science/doctor.