cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Five-brane Current Algebras in Type II String Theories
Creators: name: Hatsuda, Machiko
name: Sasaki, Shin
name: Yata, Masaya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the current algebras of the NS5-branes, the Kaluza-Klein (KK) five-branes and the exotic $5^2_2$-branes in type IIA/IIB superstring theories. Their worldvolume theories are governed by the six-dimensional $\mathcal{N}= (2,0)$ tensor and the $\mathcal{N} = (1,1)$ vector multiplets. We show that the current algebras are determined through the S- and T-dualities. The algebras of the $\mathcal{N} = (2,0)$ theories are characterized by the Dirac bracket caused by the self-dual gauge field in the five-brane worldvolumes, while those of the $\mathcal{N} = (1,1)$ theories are given by the Poisson bracket. By the use of these algebras, we examine extended spaces in terms of tensor coordinates which are the representation of ten-dimensional supersymmetry. We also examine the transition rules of the currents in the type IIA/IIB supersymmetry algebras in ten dimensions. Based on the algebras, we write down the section conditions in the extended spaces and gauge transformations of the supergravity fields.
description: 32 pages, 1 figure, version appeared in JHEP
A supply side story for a threshold model: Endogenous growth of the free and open source community
Creators: name: Rullani, Francesco
name: Zirulia, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: The study of social institutions producing and disseminating knowledge has mainly concentrated
on two main concepts: Science and Technology. This paper examines a recent institutional form
that seems not to resemble either of the other two; that is, knowledge-intensive communities,
where individuals freely exchange knowledge through information and communication
technology. Using free and open source software as an example, we develop a model where this
phenomenon is confronted with Technology with respect to its ability to attract researchers.
Dynamic Programming, Activity Analysis and the Theory of the Firm
Creators: name: Throsby, C.D.
name: Throsby, C.D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1968
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The role of dynamic programming as a means of examining the allocation and pricing problems in the theory of the firm is considered in this paper. The production relationships and equilibrium conditions as specified by neoclassical theory and linear programming are stated and dynamic programming formulations of each of these models are constructed and compared. It is demonstrated that dynamic programming adds nothing to established theory in these cases, providing simply an alternative means of computation which might be preferred for some empirical problems. It is concluded that some theoretical contribution may be possible by using dynamic programming to attack problems beyond the scope of conventional methods.
Variable-order fractional 1-Laplacian diffusion equations for multiplicative noise removal
Creators: name: Li, Yuhang
name: Guo, Zhichang
name: Shao, Jingfeng
name: Li, Yao
name: Wu, Boying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we study a class of fractional $1$-Laplacian diffusion equations with variable orders, proposed as a model for multiplicative noise removal. The existence and uniqueness of the weak solution are proven. To overcome the difficulties in the approximation process,we place particular emphasis on studying the density propertiesof the variable-order fractional Sobolev spaces. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our model exhibits favorable performance across the entire image.
description: 28 pages, 6 figures
Risk, Uncertainty and Farm Management Decisions
Creators: name: Officer, R.R.
name: Anderson, Jock R.
name: Officer, R.R.
name: Anderson, Jock R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1968
Subjects: Farm Management
Risk and Uncertainty

description: The objective of this paper is to give a brief exposition of the decision criteria commonly propounded for decisions under risk and uncertainty. The review of these criteria in the context of farm management decisions reiterates the inappropriateness of all except the expected utility hypothesis, and it is concluded that utility analysis has considerable potential as an operational tool in farm management.
Quantum Statistical Effects on Fusion Dynamics of Heavy-Ions
Creators: name: Ayik, S.
name: Yilmaz, B.
name: Gokalp, A.
name: Yilmaz, O.
name: Takigawa, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to describe the fusion of two very heavy nuclei at near barrier energies, a generalized Langevin approach is proposed, which incorporates the quantum statistical fluctuations in accordance with the fluctuation and dissipation theorem. It is illustrated that the quantum statistical effects introduce an enhancement of the formation of compound nucleus, though the quantum enhancement is somewhat less pronounced as indicated in the previous calculations.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of Qualitative views of Nigerian school principals and teachers on the barriers and opportunities for promoting students’ physical activity behaviours within the school settings
Creators: name: Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike
name: Oladepo, Oladimeji
name: Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1. List of schools for the study.
The Halo Mass-Bias Redshift Evolution in the $Λ$CDM Cosmology
Creators: name: Basilakos, S.
name: Plionis, M.
name: Ragone-Figueroa, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an analytic model for the redshift evolution of linear-bias, allowing for interactions and merging of the mass-tracers, by solving a second order differential equation based on linear perturbation theory and the Friedmann-Lemaitre solutions of the cosmological field equations. We then study the halo-mass dependence of the bias evolution, using the dark matter halo distribution in a $Λ$CDM simulation in order to calibrate the free parameters of the model. Finally, we compare our theoretical predictions with available observational data and find a good agreement. In particular, we find that the bias of optical QSO's evolve differently than those selected in X-rays and that their corresponding typical dark matter halo mass is $\sim 10^{13} h^{-1} M_{\odot}$ and $\magcir 5 \times 10^{13} h^{-1} M_{\odot}$, respectively.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Opt out or Top up? Voluntary Healthcare Insurance and the Public vs. Private Substitution
Creators: name: Fabbri, Daniele
name: Monfardini, Chiara
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/03 Scienza delle finanze

description: We investigate whether people enrolled into voluntary health insurance (VHI) substitute public consumption with private (opt out) or just enlarge their private consumption, without reducing reliance upon public provisions (top up). We study the case of Italy, where a mixed insurance system is in place. To this purpose, we specify a joint model for public and private specialist visits counts, and allow for different degrees of endogenous supplementary insurance coverage, looking at the insurance coverage as driven by a trinomial choice process. We disentangle the effect of income and wealth by going through two channels: the direct impact on the demand for healthcare and that due to selection into VHI. We find evidence of opting out: richer and wealthier individuals consume more private services and concomitantly reduce those services publicly provided through selection into for-profit VHI. These results imply that the market for VHI eases the redistribution from high income (doubly insured) individuals to low income (not doubly insured) ones operated by the Italian National Health Service (NHS). Accounting for VHI endogeneity in the joint model of the two counts is crucial to this conclusion.
Social Background Effects on School and Job Opportunities
Creators: name: Tampieri, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: This paper proposes a theory on how students social background affects their school attainment and job opportunities. We study a setup where students differ in ability and social background, and we analyze the interaction between a school and an employer. Students with disadvantaged background are penalized compared to other students: they receive less teaching and/or are less likely to be hired. A surprising result is that policy aiming to subsidize education for disadvantaged students might in fact decrease their job opportunities.
Entropy rigidity for foliations by strictly convex projective manifolds
Creators: name: Savini, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C24 57M50 53A20

description: Let $N$ be a compact manifold with a foliation $\mathscr{F}_N$ whose leaves are compact strictly convex projective manifolds. Let $M$ be a compact manifold with a foliation $\mathscr{F}_M$ whose leaves are compact hyperbolic manifolds of dimension bigger than or equal to $3$. Suppose to have a foliation-preserving homeomorphism $f:(N,\mathscr{F}_N) \rightarrow (M,\mathscr{F}_M)$ which is $C^1$-regular when restricted to leaves. In the previous situation there exists a well-defined notion of foliated volume entropies $h(N,\mathscr{F}_N)$ and $h(M,\mathscr{F}_M)$ and it holds $h(M,\mathscr{F}_M) \leq h(N,\mathscr{F}_N)$. Additionally, if equality holds, then the leaves must be homothetic.
description: 11 pages, small changes and some typos corrected, To appear on Pure and Applied Mathematics Quarterly
Lead-acid battery lifetime extension in solar home systems under different operating conditions
Creators: name: Perriment, Rebecca
name: Kumtepeli, Volkan
name: McCulloch, Malcolm
name: Howey, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Solar home systems (SHS) provide low-cost electricity access for rural off-grid communities. Batteries are a crucial part of the system, however they are often the first point of failure due to shorter lifetimes. Using field data, this work models the degradation of lead-acid batteries for different SHS use-cases, finding the dominant ageing mechanisms in each case. Corrosion is the dominant ageing mechanisms in all cases apart from the highest use case. This is caused by extended time at high state of charge (SOC) and hence high voltage. A new voltage control scheme is proposed for one of the use cases dominated by corrosion, whereby the number of days between full recharges varies depending on the degradation mechanisms the battery experiences. Simulating the new voltage control scheme yields a 25% increase in battery lifetime whilst ensuring no loss of load to the user.
Self-calibrating BAO measurements in the presence of Small Displacement Interlopers
Creators: name: Nguyen, Alan B. H.
name: Massara, Elena
name: Percival, Will J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) observations offer a robust method for measuring cosmological expansion. However, the BAO signal in a sample of galaxies can be diluted and shifted by interlopers -- galaxies that have been assigned the wrong redshifts. Because of the slitless spectroscopic method adopted by the Roman and Euclid space telescopes, the galaxy samples resulting from single line detections will have relatively high fractions of interloper galaxies. Interlopers with a small displacement between true and false redshift have the strongest effect on the measured clustering. In order to model the BAO signal, the fraction of such interlopers and their clustering need to be accurately known. We introduce a new method to self-calibrate these quantities by shifting the contaminated sample towards or away from us along the line of sight by the interloper offset, and measuring the cross-correlations between these shifted samples. The contributions from the different components are shifted in scale in this cross-correlation compared to the auto-correlation of the contaminated sample, enabling the decomposition and extraction of the component terms. We demonstrate the application of the method using numerical simulations and show that an unbiased BAO measurement can be extracted. Unlike previous attempts to model the effects of contaminants, self-calibration allows us to make fewer assumptions about the form of the contaminants such as their bias.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures. JCAP accepted version
On the structure of the sets of mutually unbiased bases for N qubits
Creators: name: Romero, J. L.
name: Bjork, G.
name: Klimov, A. B.
name: Sanchez-Soto, L. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a system of N qubits, spanning a Hilbert space of dimension d=2^N, it is known that there exists d+1 mutually unbiased bases. Different construction algorithms exist, and it is remarkable that different methods lead to sets of bases with different properties as far as separability is concerned. Here we derive the four sets of nine bases for three qubits, and show how they are unitarily related. We also briefly discuss the four-qubit case, give the entanglement structure of sixteen sets of bases,and show some of them, and their interrelations, as examples. The extension of the method to the general case of N qubits is outlined.
description: 16 pages, 10 tables, 1 figure
Additional file 2 of Qualitative views of Nigerian school principals and teachers on the barriers and opportunities for promoting students’ physical activity behaviours within the school settings
Creators: name: Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike
name: Oladepo, Oladimeji
name: Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 2. Key Informant interview guide for School Principals.
Weakly nonlinear stability of magnetohydrodynamic systems with a center of symmetry to perturbations, involving large scales
Creators: name: Zheligovsky, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I consider the problem of weakly nonlinear stability of three-dimensional parity-invariant magnetohydrodynamic systems to perturbations, involving large scales. I assume that the MHD state, the stability of which I investigate, does not involve large spatio-temporal scales, and it is stable to perturbations involving the same small spatial scales, as the perturbed MHD state. Mean-field equations, which I derive for the perturbation using asymptotic techniques for multiscale systems, are a generalization of the standard equations of magnetohydrodynamics (the Navier-Stokes equation with the Lorentz force and the magnetic induction equation). In them, the operator of combined eddy diffusivity emerges, which is in general anisotropic and not necessarily negatively defined, and new quadratic terms, analogous to the ones describing advection. A method for efficient computation of coefficients of the eddy diffusivity tensor and eddy advection terms in the mean-field equations is proposed.
description: Latex, 15 pp. Accepted in Physics of the Earth, 2006 (in Russian). (English translation: Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth)
Additional file 3 of Qualitative views of Nigerian school principals and teachers on the barriers and opportunities for promoting students’ physical activity behaviours within the school settings
Creators: name: Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike
name: Oladepo, Oladimeji
name: Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 3. Focus group discussion guide for teachers.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Firms Ability to Collude
Creators: name: Lambertini, Luca
name: Tampieri, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: We examine a duopoly with polluting production where firms adopt a form of corporate social responsibility (CSR) to define their objective functions. Our analysis focuses on the bearings of CSR on collusion over an infinite horizon, sustained by either grim trigger strategies or optimal punishments. Our results suggest that assigning a weight to consumer surplus has a pro-competitive effect under both full and partial collusion. Conversely, a higher impact of productivity on pollution has an anti-competitive effect under partial collusion, while exerting no effect under full collusion. Under partial collusion, the analysis of the isoquant map of the cartel reveals that complementarity arises between the two weights.
Induced gravitational waves: the effect of first order tensor perturbations
Creators: name: Picard, Raphael
name: Malik, Karim A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scalar induced gravitational waves contribute to the cosmological gravitational wave background. They can be related to the primordial density power spectrum produced towards the end of inflation and therefore are a convenient new tool to constrain models of inflation. These waves are sourced by terms quadratic in perturbations and hence appear at second order in cosmological perturbation theory. While the focus of research so far was on purely scalar source terms we also study the effect of including first order tensor perturbations as an additional source. This gives rise to two additional source terms: a term quadratic in the tensor perturbations and a cross term involving mixed scalar and tensor perturbations. We present full analytical expressions for the spectral density of these new source terms and discuss their general behaviour. To illustrate the generation mechanism we study two toy models containing a peak on small scales. For these models we show that the scalar-tensor contribution becomes non-negligible compared to the scalar-scalar contribution on smaller scales. We also consider implications for future gravitational wave surveys.
description: 31 pages, 7 figures. v2 typos corrected and citations added. v3 switched to circular polarizations. v3 matches published version
Multi-phase High-Velocity Clouds toward HE 0226-4110 and PG 0953+414
Creators: name: Fox, Andrew J.
name: Wakker, Bart P.
name: Savage, Blair D.
name: Tripp, Todd M.
name: Sembach, Kenneth R.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the physical conditions, elemental abundances, and kinematics of the high-velocity clouds (HVCs) along the sight lines toward active galaxies HE0226-4110 and PG0953+414 using Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph and Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer data. Our observations reveal multiple components of HVC absorption in lines of HI, CII, CIII, CIV, OVI, SiII, SiIII, and SiIV in both directions. We investigate whether photoionization by the extragalactic background radiation or by escaping Milky Way radiation can explain the observed ionization pattern. We find that photoionization is a good explanation for the CII, CIII, SiII, and SiIII features, but not for the OVI or CIV associated with the HVCs, suggesting that two principal phases exist: a warm (T~10^4K), photoionized phase and a hotter (T=1-3x10^5K), collisionally-ionized phase. The warm HVCs toward HE0226-4110 have high levels of ionization (97-99%), and metallicities ([Z/H] between -0.9 and -0.4) close to those in the Magellanic Stream, which lies eleven degrees away on the sky at similar velocities. These HVCs have thermal pressures that would place them close to equilibrium in a fully ionized 10^6 K Galactic corona with n_H=4-9x10^{-5}cm^{-3} at 50 kpc. A mini-survey of the hot, collisionally ionized HVC components seen here and in five other sight lines finds that in 11/12 cases, the high ions have kinematics and ionic ratios that are consistent with an origin in conductive interfaces. However, the broad absorption wing on the OVI profile toward PG0953+414 is not completely explained by the interface scenario, and may be tracing the outflow of hot gas into the Milky Way halo as part of a Galactic fountain or wind.
description: 27 pages, 12 figures (9 in color), accepted for publication in ApJ
Fermionic renormalization group methods for transport through inhomogeneous Luttinger liquids
Creators: name: Meden, V.
name: Andergassen, S.
name: Enss, T.
name: Schoeller, H.
name: Schoenhammer, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare two fermionic renormalization group methods which have been used to investigate the electronic transport properties of one-dimensional metals with two-particle interaction (Luttinger liquids) and local inhomogeneities. The first one is a poor man's method setup to resum ``leading-log'' divergences of the effective transmission at the Fermi momentum. Generically the resulting equations can be solved analytically. The second approach is based on the functional renormalization group method and leads to a set of differential equations which can only for certain setups and in limiting cases be solved analytically, while in general it must be integrated numerically. Both methods are claimed to be applicable for inhomogeneities of arbitrary strength and to capture effects of the two-particle interaction, such as interaction dependent exponents, up to leading order. We critically review this for the simplest case of a single impurity. While on first glance the poor man's approach seems to describe the crossover from the ``perfect'' to the ``open chain fixed point'' we collect evidence that difficulties may arise close to the ``perfect chain fixed point''. Due to a subtle relation between the scaling dimensions of the two fixed points this becomes apparent only in a detailed analysis. In the functional renormalization group method the coupling of the different scattering channels is kept which leads to a better description of the underlying physics.
description: 25 pages, accepted for publication in NJP, remarks added on the poor man's RG treatment of the Y-junction and the Breit-Wigner line shapes
Spatially Resolved Stellar Spectroscopy of the Ultra-diffuse Galaxy Dragonfly 44. III. Evidence for an Unexpected Star-Formation History
Creators: name: Villaume, Alexa
name: Romanowsky, Aaron J.
name: Brodie, Jean
name: van Dokkum, Pieter
name: Conroy, Charlie
name: Forbes, Duncan
name: Danieli, Shany
name: Martin, Christopher
name: Matuszewski, Matt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Keck Cosmic Web Imager integral-field unit spectrograph to: 1) measure the global stellar population parameters for the ultra-diffuse galaxy (UDG) Dragonfly 44 (DF44) to much higher precision than previously possible for any UDG, and 2) for the first time measure spatially-resolved stellar population parameters of a UDG. We find that DF44 falls below the mass--metallicity relation established by canonical dwarf galaxies both in and beyond the Local Group. We measure a flat radial age gradient ($m_{\rm age} \sim +0.01_{-0.08}^{+0.07}$ log Gyr kpc$^{-1}$) and a flat-to-positive metallicity gradient ($m_{\rm [Fe/H]} \sim +0.08_{-0.11}^{+0.11}$ dex kpc$^{-1}$), which are inconsistent with the gradients measured in similarly pressure-supported dwarf galaxies. We also measure a flat-to-negative [Mg/Fe] gradient ($m_{\rm [Mg/Fe]} \sim -0.18_{-0.17}^{+0.17}$ dex kpc$^{-1}$) such that the central $1.5$ kpc of DF44 has stellar population parameters comparable to metal-poor globular clusters. Overall, DF44 does not have internal properties similar to other dwarf galaxies and is inconsistent with it having been puffed up through a prolonged, bursty star-formation history, as suggested by some simulations. Rather, the evidence indicates that DF44 experienced an intense epoch of "inside-out" star formation and then quenched early and catastrophically, such that star-formation was cut off more quickly than in canonical dwarf galaxies.
description: Accepted to ApJ
Elicitation on passives and particle "ina"
Creators: name: Rudolph, Johnny (Soni)
name: Drummond, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: nkr

description: One .wav audio file and one .rtf transcription file for an elicitation on passives and "ina". Corresponds to pages 205-211 in Notebook 2.
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMISTS, RESPONSE FUNCTIONS AND LACK-OF-FIT TESTS
Creators: name: Battese, George E.
name: Battese, George E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The significance of statistical lack-of-fit tests for hypothesized response functions describing experimental data is traced in some of the recent agricultural economics literature. The statistical test is reviewed in a regression framework and it is shown that the test is related to testing that some of the coefficients in a linear regression model have zero values. Comments are made on the relationship between the lack-of-fit test and the coefficient of determination.
ADMINISTRATION OF RURAL ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE IN N.S.W.
Creators: name: Richmond, R.N.
name: Durbin, S.I.
name: Richmond, R.N.
name: Durbin, S.I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: A widening range of rural adjustment assistance measures is being utilised, thereby increasing the range of government organisations involved. In choosing between these measures additional government and non-government research is required, with proposed policies accounting for the division of responsibility for assistance that exists between government organisations. There is also a need for greater policy co-ordination between these organisations, and a proposal for the establishment of a N.S.W. Rural Adjustment Advisory Council is outlined.
Impatience, Anticipatory Feelings and Uncertainty: A Dynamic Experiment on Time Preferences
Creators: name: Casari, Marco
name: Dragone, Davide
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/02 Politica economica

description: We study intertemporal choices through an experiment that elicits a subject's plan and then tracks its implementation over time. There are two main results. When facing a costly task to be completed under a deadline, two thirds of subjects prefer anticipating it rather than postponing it. Choice reversals are common although present-biased preferences alone cannot explain them. This evidence is compatible with models based on anticipatory feelings and stochastic utility.
Simulating the physical properties of dark matter and gas inside the cosmic web
Creators: name: Dolag, K.
name: Meneghetti, M.
name: Moscardini, L.
name: Rasia, E.
name: Bonaldi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the results of a high-resolution, cosmological hydrodynamical re-simulation of a supercluster-like region we investigate the physical properties of the gas located along the filaments and bridges which constitute the so-called cosmic web. First we analyze the main characteristics of the density, temperature and velocity fields, which have quite different distributions, reflecting the complex dynamics of the structure formation process. Then we quantify the signals which originate from the matter in the filaments by considering different observables. Inside the cosmic web, we find that the halo density is about 4-6 times larger than in the neighbouring region; the bremsstrahlung X-ray surface brightness reaches at most 10e-16 erg/s/cm^2/armin^2; the Compton-y parameter due to the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect is about 10e-6; the reduced shear produced by the weak lensing effect is ~ 0.01-0.02. These results confirm the difficulty of an observational detection of the cosmic web. Finally we find that projection effects of the filamentary network can affect the estimates of the properties of single clusters, increasing their X-ray luminosity by less than 10% and their central Compton-y parameter by up to 30% cent.
description: minor changes, 2 new figures, MNRAS in press; High resolution version available at: http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/~kdolag/filament.pdf
Feedback-Free Starbursts at Cosmic Dawn: Observable Predictions for JWST
Creators: name: Li, Zhaozhou
name: Dekel, Avishai
name: Sarkar, Kartick C.
name: Aung, Han
name: Giavalisco, Mauro
name: Mandelker, Nir
name: Tacchella, Sandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the analysis of a physical model within the standard cosmology that robustly predicts a high star-formation efficiency (SFE) in massive galaxies at cosmic dawn due to feedback-free starbursts (FFBs). It implies an excess of bright galaxies at z>~10 compared to the standard models based on the low SFE at later epochs, an excess indicated by JWST observations. Here we provide observable predictions based on the analytic FFB scenario. These can be compared with simulations and JWST observations. We approximate the SFE as a function of redshift and mass, assuming a maximum SFE of 0.2~1 in the FFB regime. From this, we derive the evolution of the galaxy mass and luminosity functions as well as the evolution of stellar and star-formation densities. We then predict the star-formation history (SFH), galaxy sizes, outflows, gas fractions, metallicities, and dust attenuation, all as functions of mass and redshift in the FFB regime. The major distinguishing feature is the occurrence of FFBs above a mass threshold that declines with redshift. The luminosities and star formation rates in bright galaxies are predicted to be in excess of extrapolations of standard empirical models and cosmological simulations, an excess that grows from z~9 to higher redshifts. The FFB phase of ~100 Myr is predicted to show a characteristic SFH that fluctuates on a timescale of ~10 Myr. The stellar systems are compact (Re~0.3 kpc at z~10 and declining with z). The galactic gas consists of a steady wind driven by supernovae from earlier generations, with high outflow velocities (FWHM~1400-6700km/s), low gas fractions (<0.1), low metallicities (<~0.1 solar), and low dust attenuation ($A_{UV}$~0.5 at z~10 and declining with z). We make tentative comparisons with current JWST observations for initial insights, anticipating more complete and reliable datasets for detailed quantitative comparisons in the future.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures; accepted to A&A; code and tables avaible at https://github.com/syrte/ffb_predict
The Grand Experiment of Communism: Discovering the Trade-off between Equality and Efficiency
Creators: name: Farvaque, Etienne
name: Mihailov, Alexander
name: Naghavi, Alireza
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: This paper aims to explain the rise and fall of communism by exploring the interplay between economic incentives and social preferences transmitted by ideology. We introduce inequality-averse and inefficiency-averse agents and analyze their conflict through the interaction between leaders with economic power and followers with ideological determination. The socioeconomic dynamics of our model generate a pendulum-like switch from markets to a centrally-planned economy abolishing private ownership, and back to restoring market incentives. The grand experiment of communism is thus characterized to have led to the discovery of a trade-off between 
equality and efficiency at the scale of alternative economic systems. While our focus is on the long-run transitions from capitalism to communism and back observed in the course of the 20-th century, the model also derives conditions under which the two systems converge and become stable.
Additional file 4 of Qualitative views of Nigerian school principals and teachers on the barriers and opportunities for promoting students’ physical activity behaviours within the school settings
Creators: name: Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike
name: Oladepo, Oladimeji
name: Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 4. Themes and sub-themes for qualitative data analysis.
Quantum Determinism from Quantum General Covariance
Creators: name: Nikolic, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The requirement of general covariance of quantum field theory (QFT) naturally leads to quantization based on the manifestly covariant De Donder-Weyl formalism. To recover the standard noncovariant formalism without violating covariance, fields need to depend on time in a specific deterministic manner. This deterministic evolution of quantum fields is recognized as a covariant version of the Bohmian hidden-variable interpretation of QFT.
description: 6 pages, revised, new references, Honorable Mention of the Gravity Research Foundation 2006 Essay Competition, version to appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys. D
A generalization of decomposition in orbifolds
Creators: name: Robbins, Daniel
name: Sharpe, Eric
name: Vandermeulen, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes a generalization of decomposition in orbifolds. In general terms, decomposition states that two-dimensional orbifolds and gauge theories whose gauge groups have trivially-acting subgroups decompose into disjoint unions of theories. However, decomposition can be, at least naively, broken in orbifolds if the orbifold has discrete torsion in the trivially-acting subgroup. (Formally, this breaks finite global one-form symmetries.) Nevertheless, even in such cases, one still sees rudiments of decomposition. In this paper, we generalize decomposition in orbifolds to include such examples of discrete torsion, which we check in numerous examples. Our analysis includes as special cases (and in one sense generalizes) quantum symmetries of abelian orbifolds.
description: 71 pages, LaTeX; v2: reference added; v3: typos fixed
Thought experiments in ethics : a contexualist approach to the grounding problem
Creators: name: Harland, Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: How can an experiment which occurs only in thought lead to new and accurate conclusions about the world beyond thought? What makes thought experiments relevant to the domains they are designed to explore? One answer is that successful thought experiments are grounded. Explaining the nature of this grounding relationship, especially as it applies to ethics, is the main task of this dissertation. A thought experiment is an experiment that occurs in thought. The "thought" label distinguishes it from an ordinary physical experiment, while the "experiment" label distinguishes it from other types of merely analogical, conjectural, or hypothetical reasoning. Many of the components that are necessary for a successful physical experiment are also necessary for a successful thought experiment. A thought experiment, like a physical experiment, must isolate and vary variables in order to answer a question within a given theoretical context. The result of the experiment has repercussions for its theoretical context. The grounding relationship holds between the components of the thought experiment and the theoretical context of the thought experiment. In order for the thought experiment to be successful, both the experimental set-up and our responses to it need to be grounded in the thought experiment's theoretical context. An experimental set-up will be grounded whenever it meets the following conditions. The concepts used must be defined normally, dependent and independent variables must be isolated and relevantly related, and the propositions of the thought experiment (excepting those describing extraneous particulars) must be relevantly related to the given theoretical context and the question under examination. Grounding responses to thought experiments will then be largely a matter of anticipating and disarming distorting influences. Factors influencing responses include the individual's knowledge of the theoretical context, the state of development of that context, the nature of the presentation of the thought experiment, and subjective filters. It is sometimes difficult to ascertain whether a thought experiment in ethics is grounded. This is largely due to the nature of the theoretical context of thought experiments in ethics. In order to assess the relationship of thought experiments in ethics to their theoretical context, I advocate employing a contextualist methodology involving the process of wide reflective equilibrium. While contextualists use this approach to arrive at considered judgements relating to specific ethical problems, I show that wide reflective equilibrium can also be used to examine the grounding of thought experiments. I conclude the dissertation with an examination of the relationship of thought experiments to computer simulations, a study of various common thought experiment distortions, and some tests and methods designed to aid constructing successful thought experiments.
UHGEval: Benchmarking the Hallucination of Chinese Large Language Models via Unconstrained Generation
Creators: name: Liang, Xun
name: Song, Shichao
name: Niu, Simin
name: Li, Zhiyu
name: Xiong, Feiyu
name: Tang, Bo
name: Wang, Yezhaohui
name: He, Dawei
name: Cheng, Peng
name: Wang, Zhonghao
name: Deng, Haiying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as pivotal contributors in contemporary natural language processing and are increasingly being applied across a diverse range of industries. However, these large-scale probabilistic statistical models cannot currently ensure the requisite quality in professional content generation. These models often produce hallucinated text, compromising their practical utility in professional contexts. To assess the authentic reliability of LLMs in text generation, numerous initiatives have developed benchmark evaluations for hallucination phenomena. Nevertheless, these benchmarks frequently utilize constrained generation techniques due to cost and temporal constraints. These techniques encompass the use of directed hallucination induction and strategies that deliberately alter authentic text to produce hallucinations. These approaches are not congruent with the unrestricted text generation demanded by real-world applications. Furthermore, a well-established Chinese-language dataset dedicated to the evaluation of hallucinations in text generation is presently lacking. Consequently, we have developed an Unconstrained Hallucination Generation Evaluation (UHGEval) benchmark, designed to compile outputs produced with minimal restrictions by LLMs. Concurrently, we have established a comprehensive benchmark evaluation framework to aid subsequent researchers in undertaking scalable and reproducible experiments. We have also executed extensive experiments, evaluating prominent Chinese language models and the GPT series models to derive professional performance insights regarding hallucination challenges.
description: Accepted by ACL 2024
Exploring helical phases of matter in bosonic ladders
Creators: name: Haller, Andreas
name: Matsoukas-Roubeas, Apollonas S.
name: Pan, Yueting
name: Rizzi, Matteo
name: Burrello, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ladder models of ultracold atoms offer a versatile platform for the experimental and theoretical study of different phenomena and phases of matter linked to the interplay between artificial gauge fields and interactions. Strongly correlated helical states are known to appear for specific ratios of the particle and magnetic flux densities and they can often be interpreted as a one-dimensional limit of fractional quantum Hall states, thus being called pretopological. Their signatures, however, are typically hard to observe due to the small gaps characterizing these states. Here we investigate bosonic ladder models at filling factor 1. Based on bosonization, renormalization group and matrix product state simulations we pinpoint two strongly correlated helical phases appearing at this resonance. We show that one of them can be accessed in systems with two-species hardcore bosons and on-site repulsions only, thus amenable for optical lattice experiments. Its signatures are sizable and stable over a broad range of parameters for realistic system sizes.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures, replaced with revised version
Measurement of the branching ratios $ψ^\prime \to e^+ e^-$, $ψ^\prime \to J/ψππ$ and $ψ^\prime \to J/ψη$
Creators: name: Andreotti, M.
name: Bagnasco, S.
name: Baldini, W.
name: Bettoni, D.
name: Borreani, G.
name: Buzzo, A.
name: Calabrese, R.
name: Cester, R.
name: Cibinetto, G.
name: Dalpiaz, P.
name: Garzoglio, G.
name: Gollwitzer, K. E.
name: Graham, M.
name: Hu, M.
name: Joffe, D.
name: Kasper, J.
name: Lasio, G.
name: Vetere, M. Lo
name: Luppi, E.
name: Macri, M.
name: Mandelkern, M.
name: Marchetto, F.
name: Marinelli, M.
name: Menichetti, E.
name: Metreveli, Z.
name: Mussa, R.
name: Negrini, M.
name: Obertino, M. M.
name: Pallavicini, M.
name: Pastrone, N.
name: Patrignani, C.
name: Pedlar, T. K.
name: Pordes, S.
name: Robutti, E.
name: Roethel, W.
name: Rosen, J. L.
name: Rumerio, P.
name: Rusack, R.
name: Santroni, A.
name: Schultz, J.
name: Seo, S. H.
name: Seth, K. K.
name: Stancari, G.
name: Stancari, M.
name: Tomaradze, A.
name: Uman, I.
name: Vidnovic, T.
name: Werkema, S.
name: Zweber, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured several branching ratios for $ψ^\prime$ decay using the data collected by FNAL E835 experiment during year 2000, obtaining ${\cal B}(ψ^\prime \to e^+ e^-) = 0.0068\pm0.0001\pm0.0004$, ${\cal B}(ψ^\prime \to J/ψπ^+ π^-) = 0.292\pm0.005\pm0.018$, ${\cal B}(ψ^\prime \to J/ψπ^0 π^0) = 0.167\pm0.005\pm0.014$ and ${\cal B}(ψ^\prime \to J/ψη) = 0.028\pm0.002\pm0.002$. We also present a measurement of the dipion mass distribution in the decays $ψ^\prime \to J/ψππ$.
Market trends of seafood products under international constraints: contractualisation, marketing strategies and new behaviours
Creators: name: Gouin, Stephane
name: Charles, Erwan
name: Boude, J.P.
name: Gouin, Stephane
name: Charles, Erwan
name: Boude, J.P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: seafood products
subject: contractualisation
subject: price
subject: sale promotions
subject: marketing
subject: behaviours

description: In the developed countries, especially in the European Union, demand for seafood products has increased very quickly (faster than that of meat products). This growth may be explained by the recurring problems of animal health impacts on other products (bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), avian influenza (bird flu)...) and to the impacts of the environmental problems (dioxins...) which are less prevalent in seafood products. In addition, seafood products profit from an increasingly positive image positioned on the axis of nutrition- health. The enhancement of the markets is influenced more and more by the retailing channel (hyper and supermarkets). Indeed, France profits from being a pioneer in retailing, (more than 70% of the seafood market is through retailers) who can be seen as axis of development with other sectors and in other countries. To satisfy the demand, the national platforms of the retailers rely upon imported products to supplement their supplies from local fishermen and fish farmers. These local actors must adapt to the constraints imposed by the platforms, which constitutes a major innovation in the contractual relationship with the hyper and supermarket stores. The international context weighs heavily in the determination of these constraints. This paper deals with this framework of the new forms of contractualisation between the actors imposed by the evolution of the international context. It also describes the implications in term of setting in market and marketing strategies. Lastly, it takes into account the emergence characteristics of new food buying behaviours.
Autocracies and Development in a Global Economy: A Tale of Two Elites
Creators: name: Akerman, Anders
name: Larsson, Anna
name: Naghavi, Alireza
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2013
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: This paper studies how comparative advantage and the political elites' endowments shape long-run performance in an economy with imperfect political institutions. In a capital-scarce economy, an autocrat catering to the needs of landowners favours openness to trade at an early stage of development, while an autocrat complying with the preferences of capitalists chooses to shelter the economy from trade. The trade regime interacts with economic institutions, and with policies on capital mobility, to govern capital accumulation. A landed autocrat neglects to improve institutions and blocks foreign capital to maximize extractable rents, leading the economy towards stagnation. By contrast, a capitalist autocrat strengthens institutions, which promotes manufacturing TFP growth, gradually shifts the comparative advantage towards manufacturing and renders the economy attractive to foreign investors. Allowing for trade and foreign capital inflows are thus complementary policies that provide an environment of growth and development in the capital autocracy.
On Turán numbers of the complete $4$-graphs
Creators: name: Sidorenko, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C35

description: The Turán number $T(n,α+1,r)$ is the minimum number of edges in an $n$-vertex $r$-graph whose independence number does not exceed $α$. For each $r\geq 2$, there exists $t_*(r)$ such that $T(n,α+1,r) = t_*(r) \: n^r \: α^{1-r} \: (1+o(1))$ as $α/ r \to\infty$ and $n / α\to\infty$. It is known that $t_*(2) = 1/2$, and the conjectured value of $t_*(3)$ is $2/3$. We prove that $t_*(4) < 0.706335\:$.