cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Photoresponse of atomically thin MoS2 layers and their planar heterojunctions
Creators: name: Kallatt, Sangeeth
name: Umesh, Govindarao
name: Bhat, Navakanta
name: Majumdar, Kausik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MoS2 monolayers exhibit excellent light absorption and large thermoelectric power, which are, however, accompanied with very strong exciton binding energy - resulting in complex photoresponse characteristics. We study the electrical response to scanning photo-excitation on MoS2 monolayer (1L) and bilayer (2L) devices, and also on monolayer/bilayer (1L/2L) planar heterojunction and monolayer/few-layer/multi-layer (1L/FL/ML) planar double heterojunction devices to unveil the intrinsic mechanisms responsible for photocurrent generation in these materials and junctions. Strong photoresponse modulation is obtained by scanning the position of the laser spot, as a consequence of controlling the relative dominance of a number of layer dependent properties, including (i) photoelectric effect (PE), (ii) photothermoelectric effect (PTE), (iii) excitonic effect, (iv) hot photo-electron injection from metal, and (v) carrier recombination. The monolayer and bilayer devices show peak photoresponse when the laser is focused at the source junction, while the peak position shifts to the monolayer/multi-layer junction in the heterostructure devices. The photoresponse is found to be dependent on the incoming light polarization when the source junction is illuminated, although the polarization sensitivity drastically reduces at the monolayer/multi-layer heterojunction. Finally, we investigate laser position dependent transient response of photocurrent to reveal trapping of carriers in SiO2 at the source junction is the critical factor to determine the transient response in 2D photodetectors, and also show that, by systematic device design, such trapping can be avoided in the heterojunction devices, resulting in fast transient response. The insights obtained will play an important role in designing fast 2D TMDs based photodetector and related optoelectronic and thermoelectric devices.
description: Nanoscale, 2016
An Examination of the USDA Net Cash Farm Income Forecast Reliability using a New Archival Farm Income Dataset: A Case Study of the 2020 Forecasts and Estimates
Creators: name: Borisova, Tatiana
name: Litkowski, Carrie
name: Mandalay, Okkar
name: Borisova, Tatiana
name: Litkowski, Carrie
name: Mandalay, Okkar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: farm sector income
subject: short-term forecast
subject: estimate
subject: archive
subject: reliability
subject: absolute percent error
subject: COVID-19
subject: net cash farm income

description: USDA Economic Research Service (ERS) releases short-term forecasts and estimates of farm sector income three times a year, informing the public on the financial health of the U.S. agriculture sector. This paper presents the new data archive of ERS’s farm sector income forecast and estimate releases and analyzes how forecasts and estimates for a calendar year change over time. We also examine the reliability of the net cash farm income (NCFI) forecasts for the calendar year 2020, the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that the fourth release of the 2020 NCFI forecast, published in February 2021, was less reliable than the initial forecast, published in February 2020, contrary to the historical evidence where the reliability of ERS calendar year forecasts tends to improve with each release.
First-principles studies of orbital and spin-orbit properties of GaAs, GaSb, InAs, and InSb zinc-blende and wurtzite semiconductors
Creators: name: Gmitra, Martin
name: Fabian, Jaroslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ first-principles techniques tailored to properly describe semiconductors (modified Becke-Johnson potential added to the exchange-correlation functional), to obtain the electronic band structures of both the zinc-blende and wurtzite phases of GaAs, GaSb, InAs, and InSb. We extract the spin-orbit fields for the relevant valence and conduction bands at zone center, by fitting the spin-splittings resulting from the lack of space inversion symmetry of these bulk crystal structures, to known functional forms---third-order polynomials. We also determine the orientations of the spin-orbit vector fields (for conduction bands) and the average spins (valence bands) in the momentum space. We describe the dependence of the spin-orbit parameters on the cation and anion atomic weights. These results should be useful for spin transport, spin relaxation, and spin optical orientation modeling of semiconductor heterostructures, as well as for realistic studies of semiconductor-based Majorana nanowires, for which accurate values of spin-orbit couplings are needed.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Visualizing Natural Language Descriptions: A Survey
Creators: name: Hassani, Kaveh
name: Lee, Won-Sook
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A natural language interface exploits the conceptual simplicity and naturalness of the language to create a high-level user-friendly communication channel between humans and machines. One of the promising applications of such interfaces is generating visual interpretations of semantic content of a given natural language that can be then visualized either as a static scene or a dynamic animation. This survey discusses requirements and challenges of developing such systems and reports 26 graphical systems that exploit natural language interfaces and addresses both artificial intelligence and visualization aspects. This work serves as a frame of reference to researchers and to enable further advances in the field.
description: Due to copyright most of the figures only appear in the journal version
Case Study of the Pollution Status of the Stream Flowing Within the Ethiopian Civil Service University Campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Akkaraboyina, Mahesh Kumar
name: Sokido, Daniel Lirebo
Publisher: name: African Journal of Leadership and Development
Year: 2017

description: Urban rivers are more vulnerable due to the different urban processes which result in the degradation of the water ecosystem. Due to the constraints such as technology, implementation, financial viability etc. the adaptive measures are not so successful in developing nations such as Ethiopia. The Ethiopian Civil Service University, Addis Ababa, towards the environmental protection measures that are being taken up within the campus, was keen in studying the existing condition of the stream. In this particular case study type of research, an investigation study was carried out along the stream flowing within the university premises. It was aimed to assess the pollution status, to identify the potential sources and to suggest suitable remedial measures. The water samples collected at three locations on weekly basis were analyzed and field investigation was also conducted along the stream for a stretch of 1.5Kms. The experimental results indicated that the stream was highly polluted, due to the uncontrolled dumping and disposals activities that are taking place within the vicinity of the stream. For the restoration of the stream quality, the ECSU Administration had initiated measures so as to prevent the encroachments of the stream banks and to inhibit dumping of wastes into the streams. After the successful implementation and completion of the project, this will set a standing example and lays the foundation stone for many future projects pertaining to the restoration and rehabilitation of rivers in Ethiopia.
description: African Journal of Leadership and Development, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2017): Public Sector Reform and Development
title: The regulation of the counterfeit goods trade : the case of Tanzania
Creators: name: Mniwasa, Eugene Emmanuel
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2023

description: Tanzania, like other Sub-Saharan African countries, is struggling to control the trade in counterfeit goods which is driven by many factors. The counterfeiting business has a wide range of effects. Different regulatory techniques are used to curb the trade. This study examines the regulation of the counterfeit goods trade in Tanzania and appraises its potential in tackling the trade. The study explores the evolution, drivers and impact of the trade in counterfeit goods; investigates regulatory techniques for controlling the counterfeiting business; and evaluates the potential of those techniques in curbing the trade. The analysis of documentary materials was carried out and the fieldwork research, which involved conducting interviews, administering questionnaires and making observations, was undertaken. The findings show that the markets in Tanzania are flooded with counterfeit products. The counterfeit goods trade in Tanzania is a part of the worldwide counterfeiting business driven by political, economic, legal and social factors. The trade impacts on the welfare of consumers, economic interests of legitimate traders, the country's economy and general society. The law in Tanzania which partly embodies foreign law is the main policy instrument for fighting against the counterfeit goods trade. Alternative regulations supplement the use of the anti-counterfeiting law. Weaknesses of the law and alternative regulations, inadequacies of government authorities and agencies and challenges facing the authorities and non-state actors undermine the potential o f the law and alternative regulations which, in most cases, do not address non law-related drivers of the trade. The study concludes that the law has to be revised, the mechanisms for enforcement of the law need to be augmented and alternative regulations should be improved in order to address both law- and non-law related drivers of the counterfeit goods trade effectively. The development related strategies should also be used in conjunction with the law and alternative regulations in order to curb the trade in counterfeit goods in Tanzania more efficiently.
Constrained simulations and excursion sets: understanding the risks and benefits of `genetically modified' haloes
Creators: name: Porciani, Cristiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Constrained realisations of Gaussian random fields are used in cosmology to design special initial conditions for numerical simulations. We review this approach and its application to density peaks providing several worked-out examples. We then critically discuss the recent proposal to use constrained realisations to modify the linear density field within and around the Lagrangian patches that form dark-matter haloes. The ambitious concept is to forge `genetically modified' haloes with some desired properties after the non-linear evolution. We demonstrate that the original implementation of this method is not exact but approximate because it tacitly assumes that protohaloes sample a set of random points with a fixed mean overdensity. We show that carrying out a full genetic modification is a formidable and daunting task requiring a mathematical understanding of what determines the biased locations of protohaloes in the linear density field. We discuss approximate solutions based on educated guesses regarding the nature of protohaloes. We illustrate how the excursion-set method can be adapted to predict the non-linear evolution of the modified patches and thus fine tune the constraints that are necessary to obtain preselected halo properties. This technique allows us to explore the freedom around the original algorithm for genetic modification. We find that the quantity which is most sensitive to changes is the halo mass-accretion rate at the mass scale on which the constraints are set. Finally we discuss constraints based on the protohalo angular momenta.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Gusts and Shear Within Hurricane Eyewalls Can Exceed Offshore Wind-Turbine Design Standards
Creators: name: Worsnop, Rochelle P.
name: Lundquist, Julie K.
name: Bryan, George H.
name: Damiani, Rick
name: Musial, Walt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Offshore wind energy development is underway in the U.S., with proposed sites located in hurricane-prone regions. Turbine design criteria outlined by the International Electrotechnical Commission do not encompass the extreme wind speeds and directional shifts of hurricanes stronger than a Category 2. We examine the most turbulent portion of a hurricane (the eyewall) using large-eddy simulations with Cloud Model 1 (CM1). Gusts and mean wind speeds near the eyewall exceed the current design threshold of 50 m s-1 mean wind and 70 m s-1 gusts for Class I turbines. Gust factors are greatest at the eye-eyewall interface. Further, shifts in wind direction at wind turbine hub height suggest turbines must rotate into the wind faster than current practice. Although current design standards omit mention of wind direction change across the rotor layer, large values (15-50 deg) suggest that veer should be considered in design standards.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
Collisional interactions between self-interacting non-relativistic boson stars: effective potential analysis and numerical simulations
Creators: name: Cotner, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scalar particles are a common prediction of many beyond the Standard Model theories. If they are light and cold enough, there is a possibility they may form Bose-Einstein condensates, which will then become gravitationally bound. These boson stars are solitonic solutions to the Einstein-Klein-Gordon equations, but may be approximated in the non-relativistic regime with a coupled Schrödinger-Poisson system. General properties of single soliton states are derived, including the possibility of quartic self-interactions. Binary collisions between two solitons are then studied, and the effects of different mass ratios, relative phases, self-couplings, and separation distances are characterized, leading to an easy conceptual understanding of how these parameters affect the collision outcome in terms of conservation of energy. Applications to dark matter are discussed.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication at Phys. Rev. D and in production
A convection-permitting and limited-area model hindcast driven by ERA5 data
Creators: name: Capecchi, Valerio
name: Pasi, Francesco
name: Gozzini, Bernardo
name: Brandini, Carlo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: We describe a weather hindcast obtained by dynamically downscaling the ERA5 data. The models used to perform the hindcast are BOLAM (with a grid spacing of 7 km over the Mediterranean domain) and MOLOCH (with a grid spacing of 2.5 km over Italy). BOLAM is used to provide initial and boundary conditions to the inner grid of the MOLOCH model, which is set in a convection-allowing configuration. The period simulated is 1979-2020. The performances of such limited-area, high-resolution and long-term hindcast are evaluated comparing modelled data against observations for two near-surface variables: precipitation and 2-metre temperature. Any potential added-value of the BOLAM/MOLOCH hindcast is assessed with respect to the ERA5-Land dataset, which is used as a benchmark. Results demonstrate that the BOLAM/MOLOCH hindcast perform better than ERA5-Land data as regards the mean annual accumulated precipitation with a root mean square error of approximately 300 mm vs 315 mm. On the other hand, ERA5-Land data provide more accurate information as regards 2-metre temperature, although the bias indicates an overestimation of observed temperatures. Moreover, by evaluating the outputs for selected historical precipitation events, we show that the use of the convection-permitting MOLOCH model is beneficial to reduce the positioning and intensity errors of the precipitation forecasts. We finally discuss how the demonstrated reliability of the BOLAM and MOLOCH models associated to the relatively low computational cost, promote their use as a valuable tool for downscaling not only reanalyses but also climate projections.
Three Perspectives on Complexity $-$ Entropy, Compression, Subsymmetry
Creators: name: Nagaraj, Nithin
name: Balasubramanian, Karthi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: There is no single universally accepted definition of "Complexity". There are several perspectives on complexity and what constitutes complex behaviour or complex systems, as opposed to regular, predictable behaviour and simple systems. In this paper, we explore the following perspectives on complexity: "effort-to-describe" (Shannon entropy $H$, Lempel-Ziv complexity $LZ$), "effort-to-compress" ($ETC$ complexity) and "degree-of-order" (Subsymmetry or $SubSym$). While Shannon entropy and $LZ$ are very popular and widely used, $ETC$ is a recently proposed measure for time series. In this paper, we also propose a novel normalized measure $SubSym$ based on the existing idea of counting the number of subsymmetries or palindromes within a sequence. We compare the performance of these complexity measures on the following tasks: a) characterizing complexity of short binary sequences of lengths 4 to 16, b) distinguishing periodic and chaotic time series from 1D logistic map and 2D Hénon map, and c) distinguishing between tonic and irregular spiking patterns generated from the "Adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire" neuron model. Our study reveals that each perspective has its own advantages and uniqueness while also having an overlap with each other.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, under review (EPJ-ST special issue on "New perspectives on complex systems")
On the orbital evolution of a pair of giant planets in mean motion resonance
Creators: name: André, Q.
name: Papaloizou, J. C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pairs of extrasolar giant planets in a mean motion commensurability are common with 2:1 resonance occurring most frequently. Disc-planet interaction provides a mechanism for their origin. However, the time scale on which this could operate in particular cases is unclear. We perform 2D and 3D numerical simulations of pairs of giant planets in a protoplanetary disc as they form and maintain a mean motion commensurability. We consider systems with current parameters similar to those of HD 155358, 24 Sextantis and HD 60532, and disc models of varying mass, decreasing mass corresponding to increasing age. For the lowest mass discs, systems with planets in the Jovian mass range migrate inwards maintaining a 2:1 commensurability. Systems with the inner planet currently at around 1 au from the central star could have originated at a few au and migrated inwards on a time scale comparable to protoplanetary disc lifetimes. Systems of larger mass planets such as HD 60532 attain 3:1 resonance as observed. For a given mass accretion rate, results are insensitive to the disc model for the range of viscosity prescriptions adopted, there being good agreement between 2D and 3D simulations. However, in a higher mass disc a pair of Jovian mass planets passes through 2:1 resonance before attaining a temporary phase lasting a few thousand orbits in an unstable 5:3 resonance prior to undergoing a scattering. Thus finding systems in this commensurability is unlikely.
description: 14 pages, 17 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Publikation von Forschungsdaten
Creators: name: Dähne, Judith
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Forschungsdatenmanagement
FDM
Forschungsdaten
Datenset
Datensatz
Datenveröffentlichung
Publikation
Nachnutzung
Repositorium
Forschungsdatenrepositorium
Fachrepositorium
institutionelles Repositorium
Datenjournal
gute wissenschaftliche Praxis
FAIR-Prinzipien
Lizenzierung
research data management
RDM
research data
dataset
data publication
publication
reuse
repository
research data repository
disciplinary repository
institutional repository
data journal
supplement
good scientific practice
FAIR principles
licensing

description: Daten das neue Gold - oder sogar noch wertvoller? Dazu muss erst mal jemand von Ihren Forschungsdaten erfahren! Was Sie mit Ihren Daten auch nach Projektende noch anfangen können, ist Thema dieses Beitrags. Im Einzelnen geht es um die Fragen: Was bedeutet Datenveröffentlichung? Wie und wo können Daten veröffentlicht werden und was ist dabei zu beachten? Möglichst praxisnahe Erkenntnisse bekommen Sie dabei durch die exemplarische Vorstellung eines Datenrepositoriums. Die dreitägige HeFDI Data Week ermöglicht es Forschenden, Lehrenden und allen weiteren Interessierten, Themen und Angebote des Forschungsdatenmanagements kennenzulernen und zu erproben. Darüber hinaus werden den Teilnehmenden Daten- und Coding-Kompetenzen vermittelt sowie Dienste und Angebote verschiedener hessischer Infrastruktur-Einrichtungen und Zentren vorgestellt.
description: Die HeFDI Data Week ist ein Angebot der Landesinitiative HeFDI - Hessische Forschungsdateninfrastrukturen, welche vom Hessischen Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst (HMWK) finanziert wird.
Aging and percolation dynamics in a Non-Poissonian temporal network model
Creators: name: Moinet, Antoine
name: Starnini, Michele
name: Pastor-Satorras, Romualdo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an exhaustive mathematical analysis of the recently proposed Non-Poissonian Ac- tivity Driven (NoPAD) model [Moinet et al. Phys. Rev. Lett., 114 (2015)], a temporal network model incorporating the empirically observed bursty nature of social interactions. We focus on the aging effects emerging from the Non-Poissonian dynamics of link activation, and on their effects on the topological properties of time-integrated networks, such as the degree distribution. Analytic expressions for the degree distribution of integrated networks as a function of time are derived, ex- ploring both limits of vanishing and strong aging. We also address the percolation process occurring on these temporal networks, by computing the threshold for the emergence of a giant connected component, highlighting the aging dependence. Our analytic predictions are checked by means of extensive numerical simulations of the NoPAD model.
Role of gravity waves in vertical coupling during sudden stratospheric warmings
Creators: name: Yiğit, Erdal
name: Medvedev, Alexander S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravity waves are primarily generated in the lower atmosphere, and can reach thermospheric heights in the course of their propagation. This paper reviews the recent progress in understanding the role of gravity waves in vertical coupling during sudden stratospheric warmings. Modeling of gravity wave effects is briefly reviewed, and the recent developments in the field are presented. Then, the impact of these waves on the general circulation of the upper atmosphere is outlined. Finally, the role of gravity waves in vertical coupling between the lower and the upper atmosphere is discussed in the context of sudden stratospheric warmings.
description: Accepted for publication in Geoscience Letters
The world's largest turbulence simulations
Creators: name: Federrath, Christoph
name: Klessen, Ralf S.
name: Iapichino, Luigi
name: Hammer, Nicolay J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding turbulence is critical for a wide range of terrestrial and astrophysical applications. Here we present first results of the world's highest-resolution simulation of turbulence ever done. The current simulation has a grid resolution of 10048^3 points and was performed on 65536 compute cores on SuperMUC at the Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ). We present a scaling test of our modified version of the FLASH code, which updates the hydrodynamical equations in less than 3 micro seconds per cell per time step. A first look at the column density structure of the 10048^3 simulation is presented and a detailed analysis is provided in a forthcoming paper.
description: 2 pages, 3 figures, book contribution to "High Performance Computing in Science und Engineering - Garching/Munich 2016", eds. S. Wagner, A. Bode, H. Br\"uchle, and M. Brehm
Policy Challenges of Livelihood Diversification through Small Businesses: Evidences from Three Districts of Rural Ethiopia
Creators: name: Kebede, Mesfin Siyoum
Publisher: name: African Journal of Leadership and Development
Year: 2017

description: The role of small businesses is often neglected by the rural development policies of Ethiopia. In these regards, the present Ethiopian government had also been criticized by some quarters for pursuing countryside development strategies that neglect the contribution of small businesses in the countryside. The knowledge gaps due to the lack of empirical or theoretical attention have been revealed in the policies and strategies of developing countries including Ethiopia where there is no development policy that detects and expand a rural small business. Therefore, this research will assess the challenges of livelihood diversification through small businesses in three districts (Oda Jalela, Lege Lencha, and Mede Telila) of rural Ethiopia. The minimum sample size is 122, but 150 households were taken for greater precision and accuracy. To reach to the intended target sample, the households were stratified into three wealth groups, rich, medium, and poor based on the classification of district officials. From each stratum, the required number was selected based on proportional random sampling techniques. The major finding of the study is lack of initial capital, lack of business awareness, lack of technical skill, and lack of inputs are cited as the major entry barriers. On the other hand, as far as location distribution of entry barriers, it shows some variations. With regard to participants’ constraint to expanding a small business, the majority of them reported that lack of capital, lack of market, and poor infrastructure was their major constraints. To conclude, deferential treatment becomes imperative as the challenges are not the same in all study districts.
description: African Journal of Leadership and Development, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2017): Public Sector Reform and Development
SDSS-IV MaNGA: Bulge-Disc Decomposition of IFU Datacubes (BUDDI)
Creators: name: Johnston, Evelyn J.
name: Haeussler, Boris
name: Aragon-Salamanca, Alfonso
name: Merrifield, Michael R.
name: Bamford, Steven
name: Bershady, Matthew A.
name: Bundy, Kevin
name: Drory, Niv
name: Fu, Hai
name: Law, David
name: Nitschelm, Christian
name: Thomas, Daniel
name: Lopes, Alexandre Roman
name: Wake, David
name: Yan, Renbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the availability of large integral-field unit (IFU) spectral surveys of nearby galaxies, there is now the potential to extract spectral information from across the bulges and discs of galaxies in a systematic way. This information can address questions such as how these components built up with time, how galaxies evolve and whether their evolution depends on other properties of the galaxy such as its mass or environment. We present BUDDI, a new approach to fit the two-dimensional light profiles of galaxies as a function of wavelength to extract the spectral properties of these galaxies' discs and bulges. The fitting is carried out using GalfitM, a modified form of Galfit which can fit multi-waveband images simultaneously. The benefit of this technique over traditional multi-waveband fits is that the stellar populations of each component can be constrained using knowledge over the whole image and spectrum available. The decomposition has been developed using commissioning data from the SDSS-IV Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey with redshifts z<0.14 and coverage of at least 1.5 effective radii for a spatial resolution of 2.5 arcsec FWHM and field of view of >22 arcsec, but can be applied to any IFU data of a nearby galaxy with similar or better spatial resolution and coverage. We present an overview of the fitting process, the results from our tests, and we finish with example stellar population analyses of early-type galaxies from the MaNGA survey to give an indication of the scientific potential of applying bulge-disc decomposition to IFU data.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. BUDDI will be publicly available soon, please contact Evelyn Johnston (evelyn.johnston@eso.org) to be added to the mailing list
Evidence of spreading layer emission in thermonuclear superbursts
Creators: name: Koljonen, K. I. I.
name: Kajava, J. J. E.
name: Kuulkers, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a neutron star accretes matter from a companion star in a low-mass X-ray binary, the accreted gas settles onto the stellar surface through a boundary/spreading layer. On rare occasions the accumulated gas undergoes a powerful thermonuclear superburst powered by carbon burning deep below the neutron star atmosphere. In this paper, we apply the non-negative matrix factorization spectral decomposition technique to show that the spectral variations during a superburst from 4U 1636-536 can be explained by two distinct components: 1) the superburst emission characterized by a variable temperature black body radiation component, and 2) a quasi-Planckian component with a constant, $\sim$2.5 keV, temperature varying by a factor of $\sim$15 in flux. The spectrum of the quasi-Planckian component is identical in shape and characteristics to the frequency-resolved spectra observed in the accretion/persistent spectrum of neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries, and agrees well with the predictions of the spreading layer model by Inogamov & Sunyaev (1999). Our result is yet another observational evidence that superbursts - and possibly also normal X-ray bursts - induce changes in the disc-star boundary.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Spectroscopic Evolution of Disintegrating Planetesimals: Minutes to Months Variability in the Circumstellar Gas Associated with WD 1145+017
Creators: name: Redfield, Seth
name: Farihi, Jay
name: Cauley, P. Wilson
name: Parsons, Steven G.
name: Gaensicke, Boris T.
name: Duvvuri, Girish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the recent discovery of transiting planetary material around WD 1145+017, a critical target has been identified that links the evolution of planetary systems with debris disks and their accretion onto the star. We present a series of observations, five epochs over a year, taken with Keck and the VLT, which for the first time show variability of circumstellar absorption in the gas disk surrounding WD 1145+017 on timescales of minutes to months. Circumstellar absorption is measured in more than 250 lines of 14 ions among ten different elements associated with planetary composition, e.g., O, Mg, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni. Broad circumstellar gas absorption with a velocity spread of 225 km/s is detected, but over the course of a year blue shifted absorption disappears while redshifted absorption systematically increases. A correlation of equivalent width and oscillator strength indicates that the gas is not highly optically thick (median tau approximately 2). We discuss simple models of an eccentric disk coupled with magnetospheric accretion to explain the basic observed characteristics of these high resolution and high signal-to-noise observations. Variability is detected on timescales of minutes in the two most recent observations, showing a loss of redshifted absorption for tens of minutes, coincident with major transit events and consistent with gas hidden behind opaque transiting material. This system currently presents a unique opportunity to learn how the gas causing the spectroscopic, circumstellar absorption is associated with the ongoing accretion evidenced by photospheric contamination, as well as the transiting planetary material detected in photometric observations.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, submitted to ApJ
Complexity of quantum impurity problems
Creators: name: Bravyi, Sergey
name: Gosset, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a quasi-polynomial time classical algorithm for estimating the ground state energy and for computing low energy states of quantum impurity models. Such models describe a bath of free fermions coupled to a small interacting subsystem called an impurity. The full system consists of $n$ fermionic modes and has a Hamiltonian $H=H_0+H_{imp}$, where $H_0$ is quadratic in creation-annihilation operators and $H_{imp}$ is an arbitrary Hamiltonian acting on a subset of $O(1)$ modes. We show that the ground energy of $H$ can be approximated with an additive error $2^{-b}$ in time $n^3 \exp{[O(b^3)]}$. Our algorithm also finds a low energy state that achieves this approximation. The low energy state is represented as a superposition of $\exp{[O(b^3)]}$ fermionic Gaussian states. To arrive at this result we prove several theorems concerning exact ground states of impurity models. In particular, we show that eigenvalues of the ground state covariance matrix decay exponentially with the exponent depending very mildly on the spectral gap of $H_0$. A key ingredient of our proof is Zolotarev's rational approximation to the $\sqrt{x}$ function. We anticipate that our algorithms may be used in hybrid quantum-classical simulations of strongly correlated materials based on dynamical mean field theory. We implemented a simplified practical version of our algorithm and benchmarked it using the single impurity Anderson model.
First-Principles Momentum Dependent Local Ansatz Approach to the Ground-State Properties of Iron-Group Transition Metals
Creators: name: Kakehashi, Yoshiro
name: Chandra, Sumal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground-state properties of iron-group transition metals from Sc to Cu have been investigated on the basis of the first-principles momentum dependent local ansatz (MLA) theory. Correlation energy gain is found to show large values for Mn and Fe: 0.090 Ry (Mn) and 0.094 Ry (Fe). The Hund-rule coupling energies are found to be 3000 K (Fe), 1400 K (Co), and 300 K (Ni). It is sugested that these values can resolve the inconsistency in magnetic energy between the density functional theory and the first-principles dynamical coherent potential approximation theory at finite temperatures. Charge fluctuations are shown to be suppressed by the intra-orbital correlations and inter-orbital charge-charge correlations, so that they show nearly constant values from V to Fe: 1.57 (V and Cr), 1.52 (Mn), and 1.44 (Fe), which are roughly twice as large as those obtained by the $d$ band model. The amplitudes of local moments are enhanced by the intra-orbital and inter-orbital spin-spin correlations and show large values for Mn and Fe: 2.87 (Mn) and 2.58 (Fe). These values are in good agreement with the experimental values estimated from the effective Bohr magneton number and the inner core photoemission data.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
BY-COVID D2.2: Data Access and Transfer across research domains and jurisdictions
Creators: name: Cortada, Aina Jené
name: Gormanns, Philipp
name: Furlani, Andrea
name: Van Dam, Iris
name: Portell-Silva, Laura
name: Belien, Jeroen
name: David, Romain
name: Navest, Robin
name: Heinonen, Matti
name: Tuominen, Markus
name: Kondyli, Dimitra
name: Freeberg, Mallory
name: Capella-Gutierrez, Salvador
name: Mathur, Aastha
name: Kleemola, Mari
name: Colussi, Ilaria
name: Giuffre, Carla
name: Blomberg, Niklas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: BY-COVID
Beyond COVID
SARS-CoV-2
DataHubs
FAIR data
Data access
Data transfer

description: BY-COVID Work Package (WP) 2 brings together datasets and catalogues of metadata across domains, assesses data governance and access procedures, and contributes to increase the FAIRness level of different data sources. It aims to align metadata descriptions and other semantic information, first within domains (e.g., biomolecular and imaging, clinical and health, survey, etc), and in a second stage (in alignment with WP3 developments) across domains to propose a reference catalogue with harmonised metadata descriptions, which can facilitate data access and eventually enable data mobilisation for the analysis workflows specified by WP4 . Deliverable 2.2 (D2.2) focuses on data access and transfer across research domains and jurisdictions. Originally intended to address technical, legal, and organisational barriers in data sources, its scope expanded to include all types of data that also link to pathogen variants via SARS-CoV-2 DataHubs (WP1). The objectives of D2.2 are two-fold: ensuring compliance with data privacy principles for controlled access data and proposing strategies to enhance data interoperability. Efforts included developing a survey, conducting ad-hoc meetings with key stakeholders, and aligning with the FAIR data principles. The deliverable contributes to ongoing efforts to facilitate efficient and responsible data sharing, which should enable faster and coordinated responses in future pandemics.
Reform Trends, Coordination, and Performance Measurement in Public Sectors of Ethiopia: the Case of Oromia Regional State
Creators: name: Daba, Nigussie
Publisher: name: African Journal of Leadership and Development
Year: 2017

description: The general objective of this study is to assess the trends of the public sector reforms, coordination and performance measurement in Oromia regional state. The relevant data were gathered from primary and secondary data sources. A sample of 200 employees drawn from the randomly selected sectors of the regional state involved in the study. The study shows the predominance of performance management focusing on routines activities rather than long term results in public sectors of the regional state. Though there is a tendency to use performance indicators at organizational level in the regional sectors, the practice is at a lower level. The transfer of managerial approaches to public administration in Oromia regional state is clearly impeded by poor implementation of reform programs and difficulties of performance measurement, and weak coordination in the public sectors. The reform trends in the public sector are weak and have not brought the necessary changes in the organizations. Participation in public sectors is fragile, and top-down. Hence, it needs attention by officials and professionals to focus on measuring results using performance indicators. Coordination and collaboration strategies need to be designed and strengthened in the regional state.
description: African Journal of Leadership and Development, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2017): Public Sector Reform and Development
title: Vienna Type
Creators: name: Tatlav, Aydin Daglar
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Gemeindebau
subject: Architektur
subject: Typologie
subject: Wohnbau
subject: sozialer Wohnbau
subject: kommunaler Wohnbau
subject: kollektives Wohnen
subject: Geschichte
subject: municipal housing
subject: architecture
subject: typology
subject: housing
subject: social housing
subject: communal housing

description: Die Forschungsmethodik umfasst eine vergleichende Analyse verschiedener Gemeindebauten in Wien, die untersucht, wie diese angelegt sind und in die Tiefe der architektonischen Anatomie des Gemeindebaus vordringt. Des Weiteren wird die historische Entwicklung der Gemeindebau Typologie in Wien, einschließlich der Rolle wichtiger Akteure und der wichtigsten Meilensteine in ihrer Entwicklung untersucht. Darüber hinaus zielt die Studie darauf ab, den Gemeindebau kritisch zu bewerten, indem seine Kritiker analysiert und mit anderen sozial-kollektiven Wohnungsinitiativen verglichen werden. Letztendlich liefert die Arbeit Einblicke in Vor- und Nachteile des Gemeindebaus als Typologie, indem solchen Fragen wie: Wie haben die Prinzipien und Ziele der Gemeindebau-Bewegung in Wien das Design und die Konstruktion der Gemeindebau-Gebäude beeinflusst? und Was sind die wichtigsten Merkmale des Wiener Gemeindebau als eigenständige architektonische Typologie und wie tragen sie zu seiner Einzigartigkeit bei? untersucht werden.
description: The historical development of Gemeindebautypology in Vienna is also explored, including the role of key players in the movementand the major milestones in its evolution. In addition, the study aims to criticallyassess the Gemeindebau by analyzing its detractors and comparing these to othersocial collective housing initiatives. Ultimately, this analysis will provide insights intothe advantages and limitations of the Gemeindebau as a typology as it will try toanswer questions such as How did the principles and objectives of the municipalhousing movement in Vienna influence the design and construction of Gemeindebaubuildings? and What are the key features of the Viennese Gemeindebau as adistinctive architectural typology, and how do these contribute to its uniqueness?
Fully Automated Treatment Planning for Head and Neck Radiotherapy using a Voxel-Based Dose Prediction and Dose Mimicking Method
Creators: name: McIntosh, Chris
name: Welch, Mattea
name: McNiven, Andrea
name: Jaffray, David A.
name: Purdie, Thomas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent works in automated radiotherapy treatment planning have used machine learning based on historical treatment plans to infer the spatial dose distribution for a novel patient directly from the planning image. We present an atlas-based approach which learns a dose prediction model for each patient (atlas) in a training database, and then learns to match novel patients to the most relevant atlases. The method creates a spatial dose objective, which specifies the desired dose-per-voxel, and therefore replaces any requirement for specifying dose-volume objectives for conveying the goals of treatment planning. A probabilistic dose distribution is inferred from the most relevant atlases, and is scalarized using a conditional random field to determine the most likely spatial distribution of dose to yield a specific dose prior (histogram) for relevant regions of interest. Voxel-based dose mimicking then converts the predicted dose distribution to a deliverable treatment plan dose distribution. In this study, we investigated automated planning for right-sided oropharaynx head and neck patients treated with IMRT and VMAT. We compare four versions of our dose prediction pipeline using a database of 54 training and 12 independent testing patients. Our preliminary results are promising; automated planning achieved a higher number of dose evaluation criteria in 7 patients and an equal number in 4 patients compared with clinical. Overall, the relative number of criteria achieved was higher for automated planning versus clinical (17 vs 8) and automated planning demonstrated increased sparing for organs at risk (52 vs 44) and better target coverage/uniformity (41 vs 31).
description: 21 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Physics in Medicine and Biology
Eine zielsprachliche Kohärenzstörung in der Wiedergabe von Jer 35 Vulg,8-9 in der vorreformatorischen deutschen Bibel
Creators: name: Migsch, Herbert
Publisher: name: Biblische Notizen
Year: 1970

description: Biblische Notizen, Bd. 124 (2005): Biblische Notizen, Band 124
Shadow of a Charged Rotating Non-Commutative Black Hole
Creators: name: Sharif, M.
name: Iftikhar, Sehrish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper investigates the shadow of a charged rotating non-commutative black hole. For this purpose, we first formulate the null geodesics and study the effects of non-commutative charge on the photon orbit. We then explore the effect of spin, angle of inclination as well as non-commutative charge on the silhouette of the shadow. It is found that shape of the shadow deviates from the circle with the decrease in the non-commutative charge. We also discuss observable quantities to study the deformation and distortion in the shadow cast by the black hole which decreases for small values of non-commutative charge. Finally, we study the shadows in the presence of plasma. We conclude that the non-commutativity has a great impact on the black hole shadow.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in EPJC
Simulated forecasts for primordial B-mode searches in ground-based experiments
Creators: name: Alonso, David
name: Dunkley, Joanna
name: Naess, Sigurd
name: Thorne, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detecting the imprint of inflationary gravitational waves on the $B$-mode polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is one of the main science cases for current and next-generation CMB experiments. In this work we explore some of the challenges that ground-based facilities will have to face in order to carry out this measurement in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and correlated atmospheric noise. We present forecasts for Stage-3 (S3) and planned Stage-4 (S4) experiments based on the analysis of simulated sky maps using a map-based Bayesian foreground cleaning method. Our results thus consistently propagate the uncertainties on foreground parameters such as spatially-varying spectral indices, as well as the bias on the measured tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ caused by an incorrect modelling of the foregrounds. We find that S3 and S4-like experiments should be able to put constraints on $r$ of the order $σ(r)=(0.5-1.0)\times10^{-2}$ and $σ(r)=(0.5-1.0)\times10^{-3}$ respectively, assuming instrumental systematic effects are under control. We further study deviations from the fiducial foreground model, finding that, while the effects of a second polarized dust component would be minimal on both S3 and S4, a 2\% polarized anomalous dust emission (AME) component would be clearly detectable by Stage-4 experiments.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures