cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The assessment of replication success based on relative effect size
Creators: name: Held, Leonhard
name: Micheloud, Charlotte
name: Pawel, Samuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Replication studies are increasingly conducted in order to confirm original findings. However, there is no established standard how to assess replication success and in practice many different approaches are used. The purpose of this paper is to refine and extend a recently proposed reverse-Bayes approach for the analysis of replication studies. We show how this method is directly related to the relative effect size, the ratio of the replication to the original effect estimate. This perspective leads to a new proposal to recalibrate the assessment of replication success, the golden level. The recalibration ensures that for borderline significant original studies replication success can only be achieved if the replication effect estimate is larger than the original one. Conditional power for replication success can then take any desired value if the original study is significant and the replication sample size is large enough. Compared to the standard approach to require statistical significance of both the original and replication study, replication success at the golden level offers uniform gains in project power and controls the Type-I error rate if the replication sample size is not smaller than the original one. An application to data from four large replication projects shows that the new approach leads to more appropriate inferences, as it penalizes shrinkage of the replication estimate compared to the original one, while ensuring that both effect estimates are sufficiently convincing on their own.
description: revision, 16 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
The Reissner-Nordström-Tangherlini solution from scattering amplitudes of charged scalars
Creators: name: D'Onofrio, Simone
name: Fragomeno, Federica
name: Gambino, Claudio
name: Riccioni, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The metric and the electromagnetic potential generated by a static, spherically symmetric charged massive object in any dimension are given by the Reissner-Nordström-Tangherlini solution. We derive the expansion of this solution up to third post-Minkowskian order by computing the classical contribution of scattering amplitudes describing the emission of either a graviton or a photon from a massive charged scalar field up to two loops. In four and five dimensions these amplitudes develop ultraviolet divergences that are cancelled by higher-derivative counterterms in a way that generalises what was recently shown to happen in the chargeless case. This renormalisation procedure produces logarithmic terms that match exactly those produced in the post-Minkowskian expansion of the classical solution in de Donder gauge.
description: 45 pages, 16 figures, typos corrected, version published on JHEP
Incidence of chronic respiratory conditions among oil spill responders: Five years of follow-up in the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Coast Guard Cohort study
Creators: name: Barrett, J.
name: Christenbury, K.
name: Engel, L.S.
name: Denic-Roberts, H.
name: Rusiecki, J.A.
name: Thomas, D.L.
name: Collen, J.
Publisher: name: Academic Press Inc.
Year: 2022

description: Background: Over ten years after the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, our understanding of long term respiratory health risks associated with oil spill response exposures is limited. We conducted a prospective analysis in a cohort of U.S. Coast Guard personnel with universal military healthcare. Methods: For all active duty cohort members (N = 45,193) in the DWH Oil Spill Coast Guard Cohort Study we obtained medical encounter data from October 01, 2007 to September 30, 2015 (i.e., ~2.5 years pre-spill; ~5.5 years post-spill). We used Cox Proportional Hazards regressions to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR), comparing risks for incident respiratory conditions/symptoms (2010–2015) for: responders vs. non-responders; responders reporting crude oil exposure, any inhalation of crude oil vapors, and being in the vicinity of burning crude oil versus responders without those exposures. We also evaluated self-reported crude oil and oil dispersant exposures, combined. Within-responder comparisons were adjusted for age, sex, and smoking. Results: While elevated aHRs for responder/non-responder comparisons were generally weak, within-responder comparisons showed stronger risks with exposure to crude oil. Notably, for responders reporting exposure to crude oil via inhalation, there were elevated risks for all sinusitis (aHR = 1.48; 95%CI, 1.06–2.06), unspecified chronic sinusitis (aHR = 1.55; 95%CI, 1.08–2.22), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other allied conditions (aHR = 1.43; 95%CI, 1.00–2.06), and dyspnea and respiratory abnormalities (aHR = 1.29; 95%CI, 1.00–1.67); there was a suggestion of elevated risk for diseases classified as asthma and reactive airway diseases (aHR = 1.18; 95%CI, 0.98–1.41), including the specific condition, asthma (aHR = 1.35; 95%CI, 0.80–2.27), the symptom, shortness of breath (aHR = 1.50; 95%CI, 0.89–2.54), and the overall classification of chronic respiratory conditions (aHR = 1.18; 95%CI, 0.98–1.43). Exposure to both crude oil and dispersant was positively associated with elevated risk for shortness of breath (HR = 2.24; 95%CI, 1.09–4.64). Conclusions: Among active duty Coast Guard personnel, oil spill clean-up exposures were associated with moderately increased risk for longer term respiratory conditions.
The American Opiate Crisis and the Price of Blackness
Creators: name: Coleman, Ayriel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Social science research has paid considerable analytical attention to white, blue-collar addicts affected by America’s opioid crisis and the economic and psychological devastation it has caused in rural white communities.  We cannot say that a similarly high level of attention is being paid to black opioid users and the effects of this crisis on black communities. My research addresses the paucity of research surrounding the experiences, perceptions, and treatment of black opioid addicts. I argue that institutions of criminal punishment such as police and corrections operate differently based on race and social class as a means of social control and subjugation of black people.  My argument is tested using quantitative and qualitative data to explore the variation of opium arrest rates and the untold histories of black addicts. Specifically, the quantitative dimension of my study explores the effects of both sociological factors (such as race, gender, and class) and political factors (such as black political power and racial resentment) on the decision to arrest individuals for opium abuse.  The qualitative aspect of my research uses the analysis of journal articles, archival records and other academic material to historicize opium usage in the United States, particularly in black communities. This research is designed to humanize black opioid addicts, detailing their perceptions of opium addiction, drug-related incarceration, and overall perceptions of the justice system. This information is necessary to personalize and recast the black experience with opium as a coping mechanism similar to how white users of the drug are portrayed.  All in all, I utilize disciplinary approaches from Political Science and History to create a comprehensive interrogation of the problem of structural racism and to minimize the bite of the anti-black rhetoric that permeates throughout society.
A geometric description of Maxwell field in a Kerr spacetime
Creators: name: Jezierski, Jacek
name: Smołka, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Maxwell field in the exterior of a Kerr black hole. For this system, we propose a geometric construction of generalized Klein-Gordon equation called Fackerell-Ipser equation. Our model is based on conformal Yano-Kiling tensor (CYK tensor). We present non-standard properties of CYK tensors in the Kerr spacetime which are useful in electrodynamics.
description: 19 pages
Achieving High-Energy-Density Graphene/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Lithium-Ion Capacitors from Organic-Based Electrolytes
Creators: name: Qin, Lu-Chang
name: Yin, Hang
name: Zhang, Kun
name: Tang, Jie
name: Xu, Guangxu
name: Lin, Shiqi
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Year: 2024

description: Developing electrode materials with high voltage and high specific capacity has always been an important strategy for increasing the energy density of lithium-ion capacitors (LICs). However, organic-based electrolytes with lithium salts limit their potential for application in LICs to voltages below 3.8 V in terms of polarization reactions. In this work, we introduce Li[N(C2F5SO2)2] (lithium Bis (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide or LiBETI), an electrolyte with high conductivity and superior electrochemical and mechanical stability, to construct a three-electrode LIC system. After graphite anode pre-lithiation, the anode potential was stabilized in the three-electrode LIC system, and a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film formed on the anode surface as expected. Meanwhile, the LIC device using LiBETI as the electrolyte, and a self-synthesized graphene/single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) composite as the cathode, showed a high voltage window, allowing the LIC to achieve an operating voltage of 4.5 V. As a result, the LIC device has a high energy density of up to 182 Wh kg−1 and a 2678 W kg−1 power density at 4.5 V. At a current density of 2 A g−1, the capacity retention rate is 72.7% after 10,000 cycles.
Irreducible polynomials over finite fields for coding and cryptography
Creators: name: Graner, Anna-Maurin
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematics

description: We present a closed explicit formula for all generating polynomials of a very popular set of codes - the constacyclic codes over finite fields. This problem is equivalent to the factorization of the polynomial X^n-a into monic irreducible factors over a finite field for all positive integers n. From our explicit formula for this factorization we also derive the factorization of the n-th cyclotomic polynomial and of any composition of the form f(X^n) where f is an irreducible polynomial. Additionally, we present a construction of a large set of irreducible polynomials of the same degree.
Importance sampling for a robust and efficient multilevel Monte Carlo estimator for stochastic reaction networks
Creators: name: Hammouda, Chiheb Ben
name: Rached, Nadhir Ben
name: Tempone, Raul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60H35, 60J27, 60J75, 92C40

description: The multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) method for continuous-time Markov chains, first introduced by Anderson and Higham (SIAM Multiscal Model. Simul. 10(1), 2012), is a highly efficient simulation technique that can be used to estimate various statistical quantities for stochastic reaction networks (SRNs), in particular for stochastic biological systems. Unfortunately, the robustness and performance of the multilevel method can be affected by the high kurtosis, a phenomenon observed at the deep levels of MLMC, which leads to inaccurate estimates of the sample variance. In this work, we address cases where the high-kurtosis phenomenon is due to \textit{catastrophic coupling (characteristic of pure jump processes where coupled consecutive paths are identical in most of the simulations, while differences only appear in a tiny proportion) and introduce a pathwise-dependent importance sampling (IS) technique that improves the robustness and efficiency of the multilevel method. Our theoretical results, along with the conducted numerical experiments, demonstrate that our proposed method significantly reduces the kurtosis of the deep levels of MLMC, and also improves the strong convergence rate from $β=1$ for the standard case (without IS), to $β=1+δ$, where $0<δ<1$ is a user-selected parameter in our IS algorithm. Due to the complexity theorem of MLMC, and given a pre-selected tolerance, $\text{TOL}$, this results in an improvement of the complexity from $\mathcal{O}\left(\text{TOL}^{-2} \log(\text{TOL})^2\right)$ in the standard case to $\mathcal{O}\left(\text{TOL}^{-2}\right)$, which is the optimal complexity of the MLMC estimator. We achieve all these improvements with a negligible additional cost since our IS algorithm is only applied a few times across each simulated path.
Nonlocal quantum heat engines made of hybrid superconducting devices
Creators: name: Tabatabaei, S. Mojtaba
name: Sanchez, David
name: Yeyati, Alfredo Levy
name: Sanchez, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a quantum thermal machine that generates power from a thermally driven double quantum dot coupled to normal and superconducting reservoirs. Energy exchange between the dots is mediated by electron-electron interactions. We can distinguish three main mechanisms within the device operation modes. In the Andreev tunneling regime, energy flows in the presence of coherent superposition of zero- and two-particle states. Despite the intrinsic electron-hole symmetry of Andreev processes, we find that the heat engine efficiency increases with increasing coupling to the superconducting reservoir. The second mechanism occurs in the regime of quasiparticle transport. Here we obtain large efficiencies due to the presence of the superconducting gap and the strong energy dependence of the electronic density of states around the gap edges. Finally, in the third regime there exists a competition between Andreev processes and quasiparticle tunneling. Altogether, our results emphasize the importance of both pair tunneling and structured band spectrum for an accurate characterization of the heat engine properties in normal-superconducting coupled dot systems.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures (published version)
Additional file 1 of Enzymatic activities and analysis of a mycelium-based composite formation using peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) residues on Lentinula edodes
Creators: name: Lima, Gabriel Goetten De
name: Schoenherr, Zaira Chiodini Pedri
name: Washington Luiz Esteves Magalhães
name: Tavares, Lorena Benathar Ballod
name: Cristiane Vieira Helm
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1.Additional figures.
Decomposition of third-order constitutive tensors
Creators: name: Itin, Yakov
name: Reches, Shulamit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Third-order tensors are widely used as a mathematical tool for modeling physical properties of media in solid state physics. In most cases, they arise as constitutive tensors of proportionality between basic physics quantities. The constitutive tensor can be considered as a complete set of physical parameters of a medium. The algebraic features of the constitutive tensor can be seen as a tool for proper identification of natural material, as crystals, and for design the artificial nano-materials with prescribed properties. In this paper, we study the algebraic properties of a generic 3-rd order tensor relative to its invariant decomposition. In a correspondence to different groups acted on the basic vector space, we present the hierarchy of types of tensor decomposition into invariant subtensors. In particular, we discuss the problem of non-uniqueness and reducibility of high-order tensor decomposition. For a generic 3-rd order tensor, these features are described explicitly. In the case of special tensors of a prescribed symmetry, the decomposition turns out to be irreducible and unique. We present the explicit results for two physically interesting models: the piezoelectric tensor as an example of a pair symmetry and the Hall tensor as an example of a pair skew-symmetry.
A Bayesian Approach for Characterizing and Mitigating Gate and Measurement Errors
Creators: name: Zheng, Muqing
name: Li, Ang
name: Terlaky, Tamás
name: Yang, Xiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Various noise models have been developed in quantum computing study to describe the propagation and effect of the noise which is caused by imperfect implementation of hardware. Identifying parameters such as gate and readout error rates are critical to these models. We use a Bayesian inference approach to identity posterior distributions of these parameters, such that they can be characterized more elaborately. By characterizing the device errors in this way, we can further improve the accuracy of quantum error mitigation. Experiments conducted on IBM's quantum computing devices suggest that our approach provides better error mitigation performance than existing techniques used by the vendor. Also, our approach outperforms the standard Bayesian inference method in such experiments.
description: Updated the acknowledgement information
Additional file 1 of Improving quality of stroke care through benchmarking center performance: why focusing on outcomes is not enough
Creators: name: Amini, Marzyeh
name: Leeuwen, Nikki Van
name: Eijkenaar, Frank
name: Mulder, Maxim J. H. L.
name: Schonewille, Wouter
name: Nijeholt, Geert Lycklama
name: Hinsenveld, Wouter H.
name: Robert-Jan B. Goldhoorn
name: Doormaal, Pieter Jan Van
name: Jenniskens, Sjoerd
name: Hazelzet, Jan
name: Dippel, Diederik W. J.
name: Roozenbeek, Bob
name: Lingsma, Hester F.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Case-mix characteristics of patients treated in intervention centers in the MR CLEAN Registry. Table S2. Quality of care indicators characteristics of the intervention centers in the MR CLEAN Registry database. Figure S1. Specialized EVT centers in the Netherlands. Adapted from MR CLEAN Registry study ( https://www.mrclean-trial.org/mr-clean-registry/participating-centers.html ). Figure S2. Flowchart of patient selection in the MR CLEAN Registry. Figure S3 Forest plot reporting odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals of the fixed effects of the case-mix variables on the inverse of the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days using random effect proportional odds regression analysis in the case-mix adjusted model.
Factorizable Joint Shift in Multinomial Classification
Creators: name: Tasche, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.3; I.5.1
subject: 68T10, 62G05

description: Factorizable joint shift (FJS) was recently proposed as a type of dataset shift for which the complete characteristics can be estimated from feature data observations on the test dataset by a method called Joint Importance Aligning. For the multinomial (multiclass) classification setting, we derive a representation of factorizable joint shift in terms of the source (training) distribution, the target (test) prior class probabilities and the target marginal distribution of the features. On the basis of this result, we propose alternatives to joint importance aligning and, at the same time, point out that factorizable joint shift is not fully identifiable if no class label information on the test dataset is available and no additional assumptions are made. Other results of the paper include correction formulae for the posterior class probabilities both under general dataset shift and factorizable joint shift. In addition, we investigate the consequences of assuming factorizable joint shift for the bias caused by sample selection.
description: 24 pages
Body models in humans, animals, and robots: mechanisms and plasticity
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Matej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Humans and animals excel in combining information from multiple sensory modalities, controlling their complex bodies, adapting to growth, failures, or using tools. These capabilities are also highly desirable in robots. They are displayed by machines to some extent - yet, as is so often the case, the artificial creatures are lagging behind. The key foundation is an internal representation of the body that the agent - human, animal, or robot - has developed. In the biological realm, evidence has been accumulated by diverse disciplines giving rise to the concepts of body image, body schema, and others. In robotics, a model of the robot is an indispensable component that enables to control the machine. In this article I compare the character of body representations in biology with their robotic counterparts and relate that to the differences in performance that we observe. I put forth a number of axes regarding the nature of such body models: fixed vs. plastic, amodal vs. modal, explicit vs. implicit, serial vs. parallel, modular vs. holistic, and centralized vs. distributed. An interesting trend emerges: on many of the axes, there is a sequence from robot body models, over body image, body schema, to the body representation in lower animals like the octopus. In some sense, robots have a lot in common with Ian Waterman - "the man who lost his body" - in that they rely on an explicit, veridical body model (body image taken to the extreme) and lack any implicit, multimodal representation (like the body schema) of their bodies. I will then detail how robots can inform the biological sciences dealing with body representations and finally, I will study which of the features of the "body in the brain" should be transferred to robots, giving rise to more adaptive and resilient, self-calibrating machines.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures
title: Klima(wandel)kommunikation: im Spannungsfeld von Wissenschaft, Medien und öffentlicher Meinung
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Universitätsverlag Ilmenau
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Klimaänderung
subject: Politische Kommunikation
subject: Neue Medien
subject: Wissenschaftskommunikation
subject: Öffentlichkeit
subject: Kommunikation
subject: 333.7

description: Nicht nur die Erforschung des Klimawandels ist komplex, sondern auch die Analyse der Kommunikation über diese Forschung. Kommunikation über den Klimawandel ist nicht nur Wissenschaftskommunikation, sondern schon seit langem mindestens im gleichen Maße politische Kommunikation. Das zeigt sich auch in den Aufsätzen dieses Bandes. Der Band enthält 12 Beiträge zur Klimakommunikation in den verschiedenen Phasen des Kommunikationsprozesses: angefangen mit der Analyse von Veranstaltungskommunikation, über die Betrachtung medialer Kommunikationsinhalte bis hin zur Untersuchung der vielfältigen Reaktionen der Rezipierenden. Schwerpunkte bilden Ansätzen zur Segmentierung der Öffentlichkeit sowie experimentelle Studien, in denen die Wirkung verschiedener Kommunikationsstrategien getestet wird.
description: NEU - Nachhaltigkeits‐, Energie‐ und Umweltkommunikation, vol. 8
Bistable carbon-vacancy defects in $h$-BN
Creators: name: Li, Song
name: Gali, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single photon emitters in hexagonal boron nitride have been extensively studied recently. Although unambiguous identification of the emitters is still under intense research, carbon related defects are believed to play a vital role for the emitter producing zero-phonon-lines in the range of $1.6$ to $2.2$~eV. In this study, we systematically investigate two configurations of carbon-vacancy defects, VNCB and CNVB, by means of density functional theory calculations. We calculated the reaction barrier energies from one defect to the other to determine relative stability. We find the barrier energies are charge dependent and CNVB could easily transform to VNCB in neutral and positive charge states while it is stable when negatively charged. Formation energy calculations show that the VNCB is the dominant defect over CNVB. However, neither VNCB nor CNVB has suitable fluorescence spectra that could reproduce the observed ones. Our results indicate that the origin of the $1.6$-to-$2.2$-eV emitters should be other carbon-related configurations.
Neutrinoless double beta decay mediated by the neutrino magnetic moment
Creators: name: Góźdź, Marek
name: Kamiński, Wiesław A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new channel of the neutrinoless double beta decay. In this scenario neutrinos not only oscillate inside the nucleus but also interact with an external non-uniform magnetic field. We assume that the field rotates about the direction of motion of the neutrino and show, that for a certain speed of rotation the half-life of the $0\nu2β$ decay may be significantly lowered.
description: Based on a talk given at the XXI Nuclear Physics Workshop, Kazimierz (Poland) 2014
Monatractides setivalvata Cook 1967
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Torrenticolidae
Monatractides
Monatractides setivalvata

description: Monatractides setivalvata (Cook, 1967)
Records from the study area: Kerala—“ Torenticola (Monatractides) setivalvata “ Cook (1967); “ T. setivalvata “ Prasad (1974).
Habitat: Streams.
Distribution: India.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on pages 14-15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
Additional file 2: of Comparative genomic analysis suggests that the sperm-specific sodium/proton exchanger and soluble adenylyl cyclase are key regulators of CatSper among the Metazoa
Creators: name: Romero, Francisco
name: Nishigaki, Takuya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S2. Abbreviations for orthologues used in Fig. 5. (PDF 36 kb)
Rational Curves and Strictly nef Divisors on Calabi-Yau Threefolds
Creators: name: Liu, Haidong
name: Svaldi, Roberto
Publisher: name: Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung
Year: 2022

description: We give a criterion for a nef divisor $D$ to be semi-ample on a Calabi-Yau threefold $X$ when $D^3=0=c_2(X)\cdot D$ and $c_3(X)\neq 0$. As a direct consequence, we show that on such a variety $X$, if $D$ is strictly nef and $\nu(D)\neq 1$, then $D$ is ample; we also show that if there exists a Cariter divisor $D\not\equiv 0$ in the boundary of the nef cone of $X$, then $X$ contains a rational curve when its topological Euler characteristic is not $0$.
description: DOCUMENTA MATHEMATICA, Vol 27 (2022), p. 1581-1604
Questionnaire Design (Arabic)
Creators: name: Mashrafi, Hamed Al
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Questionnaire Design

description: Questionnaire Design is a workshop that was organized jointly by the Data Science Analytics Lab (at the department of Statistics at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) - Oman) and the Data Mining Company ( a private company - Oman). The workshop was presented by the founder of the Data Mining company Mr. Hamed Al Mashrafi.
Additional file 1 of Just say “no”: Can dentists refuse care on the basis of finances? A survey using an ethical vignette in an Iranian Dental School
Creators: name: Kazemian, Ali
name: Fayyazi, Mahsa
name: Shafiee, Shahrzad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. The vignette used as the questionnaire of the study.
BeiDou-3 orbit and clock quality of the IGS Multi-GNSS Pilot Project
Creators: name: Steigenberger, Peter
name: Deng, Zhiguo
name: Guo, Jing
name: Prange, Lars
name: Song, Shuli
name: Montenbruck, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the Multi-GNSS Pilot Project (MGEX) of the International GNSS Service (IGS), precise orbit and clock products for the BeiDou-3 global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) are routinely generated by a total of five analysis centers. The processing standards and specific properties of the individual products are reviewed and the BDS-3 orbit and clock product performance is assessed through direct inter-comparison, satellite laser ranging (SLR) residuals, clock stability analysis, and precise point positioning solutions. The orbit consistency evaluated by the signal-in-space range error is on the level of 4-8 cm for the medium Earth orbit satellites whereas SLR residuals have RMS values between 3 and 9 cm. The clock analysis reveals sytematic effects related to the elevation of the Sun above the orbital plane for all ACs pointing to deficiencies in solar radiation pressure modeling. Nevertheless, precise point positioning with the BDS-3 MGEX orbit and clock products results in 3D RMS values between 7 and 8 mm.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Model Reduction of Kinetic Equations by Operator Projection
Creators: name: Fan, Yuwei
name: Koellermeier, Julian
name: Li, Jun
name: Li, Ruo
name: Torrilhon, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By a further study of the mechanism of the hyperbolic regularization of the moment system for Boltzmann equation proposed in [Z. Cai, Y. Fan, R. Li, Comm. Math. Sci. 11(2): 547-571, 2013], we point out that the key point is treating the time and space derivative in the same way. Based on this understanding, a uniform framework to derive globally hyperbolic moment systems from kinetic equations using an operator projection method is proposed. The framework is so concise and clear that it can be treated as an algorithm with four inputs to derive hyperbolic moment system by routine calculations. Almost all existing globally hyperbolic moment system can be included in the framework, as well as some new moment system including globally hyperbolic regularized versions of Grad ordered moment system and a multidimensional extension of the quadrature-based moment system.
description: 32 pages, 2 figures
Rational curves and strictly nef divisors on Calabi--Yau threefolds
Creators: name: Liu, Haidong
name: Svaldi, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a criterion for a nef divisor $D$ to be semiample on a Calabi--Yau threefold $X$ when $D^3=0=c_2(X)\cdot D$ and $c_3(X)\neq 0$. As a direct consequence, we show that on such a variety $X$, if $D$ is strictly nef and $ν(D)\neq 1$, then $D$ is ample; we also show that if there exists a nef non-ample divisor $D$ with $D\not\equiv 0$, then $X$ contains a rational curve when its topological Euler characteristic is not $0$.
description: 18 pages, comments are welcome!
A PCR-Based Survey of Methane-Cycling Archaea in Methane-Soaked Subsurface Sediments of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California
Creators: name: Hinkle J.E.
name: Edgcomb V.P.
name: Beaudoin D.J.
name: Teske A.P.
name: Mara P.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Year: 2023

description: The Guaymas Basin in the Gulf of California is characterized by active seafloor spreading, the rapid deposition of organic-rich sediments, steep geothermal gradients, and abundant methane of mixed thermogenic and microbial origin. Subsurface sediment samples from eight drilling sites with distinct geochemical and thermal profiles were selected for DNA extraction and PCR amplification to explore the diversity of methane-cycling archaea in the Guaymas Basin subsurface. We performed PCR amplifications with general (mcrIRD), and ANME-1 specific primers that target the alpha (α) subunit of methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA). Diverse ANME-1 lineages associated with anaerobic methane oxidation were detected in seven out of the eight drilling sites, preferentially around the methane-sulfate interface, and in several cases, showed preferences for specific sampling sites. Phylogenetically, most ANME-1 sequences from the Guaymas Basin subsurface were related to marine mud volcanoes, seep sites, and the shallow marine subsurface. The most frequently recovered methanogenic phylotypes were closely affiliated with the hyperthermophilic Methanocaldococcaceae, and found at the hydrothermally influenced Ringvent site. The coolest drilling site, in the northern axial trough of Guaymas Basin, yielded the greatest diversity in methanogen lineages. Our survey indicates the potential for extensive microbial methane cycling within subsurface sediments of Guaymas Basin.
Supplementary Information from Comprehensive vibrational dynamics of half-open fluid-filled shells
Creators: name: Lendermann, Markus
name: Koh, Jin Ming
name: Tan, Joel Shi Quan
name: Cheong, Kang Hao
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 91504 Fluidisation and Fluid Mechanics
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: 10599 Mathematical Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Appendix A, B and C
A critical juncture for human rights in global health: Strengthening human rights through global health law reforms
Creators: name: Mesquita, Judith Bueno de
name: Filho, Luciano Bottini
name: Sekalala, Sharifah
name: Habibi, Roojin
name: Meier, Benjamin Mason
name: Gostin, Lawrence O.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) (Fig 1), establishing a human rights foundation under the United Nations (UN), has become a cornerstone of global health, central to public health policies throughout the world. As the world commemorates the 75th anniversary of the UDHR on 10 December, this “Human Rights Day” celebration arrives at a critical juncture for human rights in global health, raising an imperative for World Health Organization (WHO) reforms (Fig 2) to strengthen the right to health and health-related human rights.
Spin Seebeck effect at low temperatures in the nominally paramagnetic insulating state of vanadium dioxide
Creators: name: Luo, Renjie
name: Zhao, Xuanhan
name: Chen, Liyang
name: Legvold, Tanner J.
name: Navarro, Henry
name: Schuller, Ivan K.
name: Natelson, Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low temperature monoclinic, insulating phase of vanadium dioxide is ordinarily considered nonmagnetic, with dimerized vanadium atoms forming spin singlets, though paramagnetic response is seen at low temperatures. We find a nonlocal spin Seebeck signal in VO2 films that appears below 30 K and which increases with decreasing temperature. The spin Seebeck response has a non-hysteretic dependence on in-plane external magnetic field. This paramagnetic spin Seebeck response is discussed in terms of prior findings on paramagnetic spin Seebeck effects and expected magnetic excitations of the monoclinic ground state.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, + 11 pages and 10 figures of supplemental material
Real-Time Distinguishing of the Xylene Isomers Using Photoionization and Dissociation Mass Spectra Obtained by Femtosecond Laser Mass Spectrometry (FLMS)
Creators: name: Kepceoğlu, Abdullah
name: Gündoğdu, Yasemin
name: Ledingham, Kenneth William David
name: Kilic, Hamdi Sukur
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Distinguishing chemicals and improvement on analytical methods has a direct impact on modern chemical analysis. In this work, the dissociative ionization of xylene isomers was investigated using a femtosecond laser mass spectrometry (FLMS) method with a custom-built linear time-of-flight (TOF) instrument. Laser beams at 800 nm and 400 nm were used and intensity-dependent analysis of the obtained mass spectra was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) to distinguish the xylene isomers, which give identical mass spectra in appearance that cannot be distinguished using normal mass spectrometry methods. The results show that there is a statistically highly significant difference between the xylene isomers for two principal components (1 − α > 99.99%) and minimal information loss (<5%) took place during the PCA procedure. Also, the use of the k-medoid clustering method showed that the isomers may be distinguished in real-time for a wide range of ionization laser pulse powers with approximately 99% accuracy. The results suggest that real-time isomer analysis by the FLMS method is suitable for mass spectral identification applications. The FLMS method has been shown to be an important alternative to other mass spectrometric methods that use different ionization mechanisms.
Genuine non-congruence subgroups of Drinfeld modular groups
Creators: name: Mason, A. W.
name: Schweizer, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F06, 20E36, 20G30, 20H05

description: Let $A$ be the ring of elements in an algebraic function field $K$ over a finite field $F_q$ which are integral outside a fixed place $\infty$. In an earlier paper we have shown that the Drinfeld modular group $G=GL_2(A)$ has automorphisms which map congruence subgroups to non-congruence subgroups. Here we prove the existence of (uncountably many) normal genuine non-congruence subgroups, defined to be those which remain non-congruence under the action of every automorphism of $G$. In addition, for all but finitely many cases we evaluate $ngncs(G)$, the smallest index of a normal genuine non-congruence subgroup of $G$, and compare it to the minimal index of an arbitrary normal non-congruence subgroup.
description: final version, 22 pages, some improvements
Intercultural competence in teacher training – a reflection sheet
Creators: name: Schüssler, Renate
name: Auner, Nadine
Publisher: name: Univ. Bielefeld, Fakultät für Erziehungswissenschaft
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 370

description: This reflection sheet deals with the topic of intercultural competence. It is used to prepare teacher training students at the university for their stay abroad (e.g. school internship). As a preparation for the topic students will first be introduced to the topic in the seminar and they deal with the concept of intercultural competence with the help of different literature (which is also listed in the material). They then define the term for themselves in the reflection sheet and relate it to their stay abroad and their future work as teachers.
Core-Halo Mass Relation in Scalar Field Dark Matter Models and its Consequences for the Formation of Supermassive Black Holes
Creators: name: Padilla, Luis E.
name: Rindler-Daller, Tanja
name: Shapiro, Paul R.
name: Matos, Tonatiuh
name: Vázquez, J. Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scalar-field dark matter (SFDM) halos exhibit a core-envelope structure with soliton-like cores and CDM-like envelopes. Simulations without self-interaction (free-field case) report a core-halo mass relation $M_c\propto M_{h}^β$, with either $β=1/3$ or $β=5/9$, which can be understood if core and halo obey certain energy or velocity scalings. We extend the core-halo mass relations to include SFDM with self-interaction (SI), either repulsive or attractive, and investigate its implications for the gravitational instability and collapse of solitonic cores, leading to supermassive black hole (SMBH) formation. For SFDM parameters that make $\sim$ Kpc-sized cores and CDM-like structure formation on large scales but suppressed on small scales, cores are stable for all galactic halos of interest, from the free-field to the repulsive SI limit. For attractive SI, however, halos masses $M_h\sim (10^{10}-10^{12}) M_\odot$ have cores that collapse to SMBHs with $M_{SMBH}\sim 10^{6}-10^8 M_\odot$, as observations seem to require, while smaller-mass halos have stable cores, for particle masses $m\simeq (2.14\times 10^{-22}-9.9\times 10^{-20})\rm{eV}/c^2$, if the free-field has $β=1/3$, or $m = 2.23\times 10^{-21}-1.7\times 10^{-18}\rm{eV}/c^2$, if $β=5/9$. For free-field and repulsive cases, however, if previous constraints on particle parameters are relaxed to allow much smaller (sub-galactic scale) cores, then halos can also form SMBHs, for the same range of halo and BH masses, as long as $β= 5/9$ is correct for the free-field. In that case, structure formation in SFDM would be largely indistinguishable from Cold Dark Matter (CDM). Such SFDM models might not resolve the small-scale structure problems of CDM, but they would explain the formation of SMBHs quite naturally. Since CDM, itself, has not yet been ruled out, such SFDM models must also be viable (Abbreviated).
description: 27 pages, 7 figures, minor updates to accord with the published version in Phys. Rev. D
Multiband effects in thermoelectric and electrical transport properties of kagome superconductors $A$V$_3$Sb$_5$ ($A$ = K, Rb, Cs)
Creators: name: Mi, Xinrun
name: Xia, Wei
name: Zhang, Long
name: Gan, Yuhan
name: Yang, Kunya
name: Wang, Aifeng
name: Chai, Yisheng
name: Guo, Yanfeng
name: Zhou, Xiaoyuan
name: He, Mingquan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the effects of multiband electronic structure on the thermoelectric and electrical transport properties in the normal state of kagome superconductors $A$V$_3$Sb$_5$ ($A$ = K, Rb, Cs). In all three members, the multiband nature is manifested by sign changes in the temperature dependence of the Seebeck and Hall resistivity, together with sublinear response of the isothermal Nernst and Hall effects to external magnetic fields in the charge ordered state. Moreover, ambipolar transport effects appear ubiquitously in all three systems, giving rise to sizable Nernst signal. Finally, possible origins of the sign reversal in the temperature dependence of the Hall effect are discussed.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures. To appear in New Journal of Physics
A nano-luciferase expressing human coronavirus OC43 for countermeasure development
Creators: name: Baric T.J.
name: Diefenbacher M.V.
name: Sheahan T.P.
name: Baric R.S.
name: Martinez D.R.
name: Catanzaro N.J.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2024

description: The genetic diversity of the coronavirus (CoV) family poses a significant challenge for drug discovery and development. Traditional antiviral drugs often target specific viral proteins from specific viruses which limits their use, especially against novel emerging viruses. Antivirals with broad-spectrum activity overcome this limitation by targeting highly conserved regions or catalytic domains within viral proteins that are essential for replication. For rapid identification of small molecules with broad antiviral activity, assays with viruses representing family-wide genetic diversity are needed. Viruses engineered to express a reporter gene (i.e. luminescence, fluorescence, etc.) can increase the efficiency, sensitivity or precision of drug screening over classical measures of replication like observation of cytopathic effect or measurement of infectious titers. We have previously developed reporter virus systems for multiple other endemic, pandemic, epidemic and enzootic CoV. Human CoV OC43 (HCoV-OC43) is a human endemic CoV that causes respiratory infection with age-related exacerbations of pathogenesis. Here, we describe the development of a novel recombinant HCoV-OC43 reporter virus that expresses nano-luciferase (HCoV-OC43 nLuc), and its potential application for screening of antivirals against CoV.
An Algorithm for the Factorization of Split Quaternion Polynomials
Creators: name: Scharler, Daniel F.
name: Schröcker, Hans-Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 12D05, 16S36, 51M09, 51M10, 70B10

description: We present an algorithm to compute all factorizations into linear factors of univariate polynomials over the split quaternions, provided such a factorization exists. Failure of the algorithm is equivalent to non-factorizability for which we present also geometric interpretations in terms of rulings on the quadric of non-invertible split quaternions. However, suitable real polynomial multiples of split quaternion polynomials can still be factorized and we describe how to find these real polynomials. Split quaternion polynomials describe rational motions in the hyperbolic plane. Factorization with linear factors corresponds to the decomposition of the rational motion into hyperbolic rotations. Since multiplication with a real polynomial does not change the motion, this decomposition is always possible. Some of our ideas can be transferred to the factorization theory of motion polynomials. These are polynomials over the dual quaternions with real norm polynomial and they describe rational motions in Euclidean kinematics. We transfer techniques developed for split quaternions to compute new factorizations of certain dual quaternion polynomials.