cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Do labor standards benefit workers in horticultural export chains in Peru?
Creators: name: Schuster, Monica
name: Maertens, Miet
name: Schuster, Monica
name: Maertens, Miet
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
International Development
International Relations/Trade

description: Private standards are spreading rapidly in international food trade and are moving beyond food quality and safety aspect to address environmental and social concerns. Using panel data from own company and worker surveys and different econometric techniques, we analyze how the adoption of a variety of private standards, that differ with respect to their focus on labor standards, influences employment conditions in the horticultural export chain in Peru. We find that workers employed in companies adopting labor standards are more likely to be paid a minimum wage, to have a contract and to receive training, but there is no effect of private standards on the level of the wage and on the employment period. We conclude that labor standards are most effective in reinforcing the respect of national labor laws and when there exists a clear cut definition of the employment requirements they push forward.
Dardanus brachyops Forest 1963
Creators: name: Castro, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Diogenidae
Dardanus
Dardanus brachyops

description: Dardanus brachyops Forest, 1963
 Dardanus brachyops Forest, 1963: 365, figs. 1–3 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: MNHN-Pg1227].
 Additional Hawaiian Is. record:
 Dardanus brachyops Forest, 1963 — Tinker 1965: 54, pl. 15 [O‘ahu].
 Taxonomy. Asakura et al. (2003)
 Geographical distribution. Western Indian Ocean, Hawaiian Is., and presumably other locations in the Indo-West Pacific region.
 Habitat. Shallow subtidal to bathyal, 33–300 m
description: Published as part of Castro, Peter, 2011, Catalog of the anomuran and brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura, Brachyura) of the Hawaiian Islands 2947, pp. 1-154 in Zootaxa 2947 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5283044
Additional file 1 of Glypican-3 targeted positron emission tomography detects sub-centimeter tumors in a xenograft model of hepatocellular carcinoma
Creators: name: Labadie, Kevin P.
name: Lehnert, Adrienne L.
name: Kenoyer, Aimee L.
name: Hamlin, Donald K.
name: Ludwig, Andrew D.
name: Utria, Alan F.
name: Daniel, Sara K.
name: Mihailovic, Tara N.
name: Prossnitz, Alexander
name: Orozco, Johnnie J.
name: Li, Yawen
name: Wilbur, D. Scott
name: Miyaoka, Robert S.
name: Park, James O.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Methods.
Real Lines on Random Cubic Surfaces
Creators: name: Manssour, Rida Ait El
name: Belotti, Mara
name: Meroni, Chiara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give an explicit formula for the expectation of the number of real lines on a random invariant cubic surface, i.e. a surface $Z\subset \mathbb{R}P^3$ defined by a random gaussian polynomial whose probability distribution is invariant under the action of the orthogonal group $O(4)$ by change of variables. Such invariant distributions are completely described by one parameter $λ\in [0,1]$ and as a function of this parameter the expected number of real lines equals: \begin{equation} E_λ=\frac{9(8λ^2+(1-λ)^2)}{2λ^2+(1-λ)^2}\left(\frac{2λ^2}{8λ^2+(1-λ)^2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{\frac{8λ^2+(1-λ)^2}{20λ^2+(1-λ)^2}}\right). \end{equation} This result generalizes previous results by Basu, Lerario, Lundberg and Peterson for the case of a Kostlan polynomial, which corresponds to $λ=\frac{1}{3}$ and for which $E_{\frac{1}{3}}=6\sqrt{2}-3.$ Moreover, we show that the expectation of the number of real lines is maximized by random purely harmonic cubic polynomials, which corresponds to the case $λ=1$ and for which $E_1=24\sqrt{\frac{2}{5}}-3$.
The Pathophysiology of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy and the Physiology of Recovery Following Decompression
Creators: name: Akter, Farhana
name: Yu, Xinming
name: Qin, Xingping
name: Yao, Shun
name: Nikrouz, Parisa
name: Syed, Yasir
name: Kotter, Mark
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Neuroscience
neuronal loss
apoptosis
pathogenesis
spine
degeneration

description: Background: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM), also known as cervical spondylotic myelopathy is the leading cause of spinal cord compression in adults. The mainstay of treatment is surgical decompression, which leads to partial recovery of symptoms, however, long term prognosis of the condition remains poor. Despite advances in treatment methods, the underlying pathobiology is not well-known. A better understanding of the disease is therefore required for the development of treatments to improve outcomes following surgery. Objective: To systematically evaluate the pathophysiology of DCM and the mechanism underlying recovery following decompression. Methods: A total of 13,808 published articles were identified in our systematic search of electronic databases (PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE). A total of 51 studies investigating the secondary injury mechanisms of DCM or physiology of recovery in animal models of disease underwent comprehensive review. Results: Forty-seven studies addressed the pathophysiology of DCM. Majority of the studies demonstrated evidence of neuronal loss following spinal cord compression. A number of studies provided further details of structural changes in neurons such as myelin damage and axon degeneration. The mechanisms of injury to cells included direct apoptosis and increased inflammation. Only four papers investigated the pathobiological changes that occur in spinal cords following decompression. One study demonstrated evidence of axonal plasticity following decompressive surgery. Another study demonstrated ischaemic-reperfusion injury following decompression, however this phenomenon was worse when decompression was delayed. Conclusions: In preclinical studies, the pathophysiology of DCM has been poorly studied and a number of questions remain unanswered. The physiological changes seen in the decompressed spinal cord has not been widely investigated and it is paramount that researchers investigate the decompressed spinal cord further to enable the development of therapeutic tools, to enhance recovery following surgery.
A Late Holocene community burial area: Evidence of diverse mortuary practices in the Western Cape, South Africa
Creators: name: Pfeiffer, Susan
name: Sealy, Judith
name: Harrington, Lesley
name: Loftus, Emma
name: Maggs, Tim
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Social sciences
subject: FOS: Social sciences
subject: Research and analysis methods
subject: Earth sciences
subject: People and places

description: Over several decades, human skeletal remains from at least twelve individuals (males, females, children and infants) were recovered from a small area (ca. 10 x 10 m) on the eastern shore of Table Bay, Cape Town, near the mouth of the Diep River where it empties into the sea. Two groups, each comprising four individuals, appear to have been buried in single graves. Unusually for this region, several skeletons were interred with large numbers of ostrich eggshell (OES) beads. In some cases, careful excavation enabled recovery of segments of beadwork. One collective burial held items including an ostrich egg-shell flask, a tortoise carapace bowl, a fragmentary bone point or linkshaft and various lithic artefacts. This group appears to have died together and been buried expediently. A mid-adult woman from this group sustained perimortem blunt-force trauma to her skull, very likely the cause of her death. This case adds to the developing picture of interpersonal violence associated with a period of subsistence intensification among late Holocene foragers. Radiocarbon dates obtained for nine skeletons may overlap but given the uncertainties associated with marine carbon input, we cannot constrain the date range more tightly than 1900–1340 calBP (at 2 sigma). The locale appears to have been used by a community as a burial ground, perhaps regularly for several generations, or on a single catastrophic occasion, or some combination thereof. The evidence documents regional and temporal variation in burial practices among late Holocene foragers of the south-western Cape.
Canonical Distribution Functions in Polymer Dynamics: II. Liquid--Crystalline Polymers
Creators: name: Ilg, Patrick
name: Karlin, Iliya V.
name: Kröger, Martin
name: Öttinger, Hans Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quasi--equilibrium approximation is employed as a systematic tool for solving the problem of deriving constitutive equations from kinetic models of liquid--crystalline polymers. It is demonstrated how kinetic models of liquid--crystalline polymers can be approximated in a systematic way, how canonical distribution functions can be derived from the maximum entropy principle and how constitutive equations are derived therefrom. The numerical implementation of the constitutive equations based on the intrinsic dual structure of the quasi--equilibrium manifold thus derived is developed and illustrated for particular examples. Finally, a measure of the accuracy of the quasi--equilibrium approximation is proposed that can be implemented into the numerical integration of the constitutive equation.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Physica A
Stability criterion for self-similar solutions with perfect fluids in general relativity
Creators: name: Harada, Tomohiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A stability criterion is derived for self-similar solutions with perfect fluids which obey the equation of state $P=kρ$ in general relativity. A wide class of self-similar solutions turn out to be unstable against the so-called kink mode. The criterion is directly related to the classification of sonic points. The criterion gives a sufficient condition for instability of the solution. For a transonic point in collapse, all primary-direction nodal-point solutions are unstable, while all secondary-direction nodal-point solutions and saddle-point ones are stable against the kink mode. The situation is reversed in expansion. Applications are the following: the expanding flat Friedmann solution for $1/3 \le k < 1$ and the collapsing one for $0< k \le 1/3$ are unstable; the static self-similar solution is unstable; nonanalytic self-similar collapse solutions are unstable; the Larson-Penston (attractor) solution is stable for this mode for $0
description: 19 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity, typos corrected, references updated
Photometric Redshift Determination with the BATC Multicolor System
Creators: name: Xia, Lifang
name: Zhou, Xu
name: Ma, Jun
name: Wu, Hong
name: Sun, Wei-Hsin
name: Jiang, Zhaoji
name: Xue, Suijian
name: Chen, Jiansheng
name: Chen, Wenping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present the methodology of photometric redshift determination with the BATC 15-color system by using hyperz program. Both simulated galaxies and real galaxies with known redshifts were used to estimate the accuracy of redshifts inferred from the multicolor photometry. From the test with simulated galaxies, the uncertainty in the inferred redshifts is about $0.02\sim0.03$ for a given range of photometric uncertainty of $0.05 \sim 0.10$. The results with the 27 real galaxies are in good agreement with the simulated ones. The advantage of using BATC intermediate-band system to derive redshift is clear through the comparison with the UBVRI broad-band system. The accuracy in redshift determination with BATC system is mainly affected by the selection of filters and the photometric uncertainties in the observation. When we take the limiting magnitudes of the 15 filters into account, we find that redshift can be determined with good accuracy for galaxies with redshifts less than 0.5, using only filters with central wavelengths shorter than 6000 A.
description: 22 pages, accepted for publishing by PASP
Genetic variation associated with infection and the environment in the accidental pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei
Creators: name: Chewapreecha, Claire
name: Mather, Alison E.
name: Harris, Simon R.
name: Hunt, Martin
name: Holden, Matthew T. G.
name: Chaichana, Chutima
name: Wuthiekanun, Vanaporn
name: Dougan, Gordon
name: Day, Nicholas P. J.
name: Limmathurotsakul, Direk
name: Parkhill, Julian
name: Peacock, Sharon J.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Article
/631/208/205/2138
/631/181/2474
/631/326/325/2482
/45
/45/23
article

description: Funder: Thailand National Science and Technology Development Agency (FDA-CO-2562-8764-TH) and Thailand Science Research and Innovation fund (MRG6280226)
description: Funder: Food Standards Agency Fellow and is supported by the BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme Microbes in the Food Chain BB/R012504/1 and its constituent projects BBS/E/F/000PR10348 (Theme 1, Epidemiology and Evolution of Pathogens in the Food Chain) and BBS/E/F/000PR10351 (Theme 3, Microbial Communities in the Food Chain)
description: Abstract: The environmental bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, an important endemic human disease in tropical and sub-tropical countries. This bacterium occupies broad ecological niches including soil, contaminated water, single-cell microbes, plants and infection in a range of animal species. Here, we performed genome-wide association studies for genetic determinants of environmental and human adaptation using a combined dataset of 1,010 whole genome sequences of B. pseudomallei from Northeast Thailand and Australia, representing two major disease hotspots. With these data, we identified 47 genes from 26 distinct loci associated with clinical or environmental isolates from Thailand and replicated 12 genes in an independent Australian cohort. We next outlined the selective pressures on the genetic loci (dN/dS) and the frequency at which they had been gained or lost throughout their evolutionary history, reflecting the bacterial adaptability to a wide range of ecological niches. Finally, we highlighted loci likely implicated in human disease.
No Pain, No Gain: The Effects of Exports on Job Injury and Sickness
Creators: name: Hummels, David
name: Munch, Jakob
name: Xiang, Chong
name: Hummels, David
name: Munch, Jakob
name: Xiang, Chong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy
International Relations/Trade
Labor and Human Capital

description: We live in a century of globalization and rising expenditures on health, but little rigorous research has been done to understand the impacts of globalization on individuals’ health. We combine Danish data on individuals’ health with Danish matched worker-firm data to understand how increases in exports by firms affect their employees’ job injuries and sickness during 1995-2006. We find that rising exports lead to higher rates of injury and sickness, mainly for women. A 10% exogenous increase in exports increases women’s chance of severe job injury by 6.35%, severe depression, 2.51%, using antithrombotic drugs, 7.70%, and hospitalizations due to heart attacks or strokes, 17.44%. Rising exports also lead to higher work efforts by both men and women: less minor sick-leave days and more total hours (regular plus over-time). During the 2007-2009 recession, Danish exports and on-the-job injuries fell significantly. An out-of-sample prediction using our estimates accounts for 12%- 62% of the actual decrease in job injury counts in this period. Finally, we develop a framework to calculate the contemporaneous welfare losses due to higher rates of multiple types of injury and sickness, and show that for the average male and female worker, the welfare loss from the adverse health outcomes is substantial but small relative to the wage gains from rising exports (4.16% for men but 18.83% for women).
Dardanus lagopodes
Creators: name: Castro, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Diogenidae
Dardanus
Dardanus lagopodes

description: Dardanus lagopodes (Forskål, 1775)
 Cancer lagopodes Forskål, 1775: 93 [type locality: Red Sea; type material: status and location unknown]. Hawaiian Is. records:
 Dardanus sanguinolentus Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 — Galstoff 1933: 17 [Pearl and Hermes Reef].
 Taxonomy. Haig & Ball (1988), McLaughlin & Hogarth (1998), McLaughlin et al. (2005)
 Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
 Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 15 m.
description: Published as part of Castro, Peter, 2011, Catalog of the anomuran and brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura, Brachyura) of the Hawaiian Islands 2947, pp. 1-154 in Zootaxa 2947 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5283044
Revisiting CP violation in $D\to P\!P$ and $V\!P$ decays
Creators: name: Cheng, Hai-Yang
name: Chiang, Cheng-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct CP violation in the hadronic charm decays provides a good testing ground for the Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism in the Standard Model. Any significant deviations from the expectation would be indirect evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model. In view of improved measurements from LHCb and BESIII experiments, we re-analyze the Cabibbo-favored $D \to P\!P$ and $V\!P$ decays in the topological diagram approach. By assuming certain SU(3)-breaking effects in the tree-type amplitudes, we make predictions for both branching fractions and CP asymmetries of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay modes. While the color-allowed and -suppressed amplitudes are preferred to scale by the factor dictated by factorization in the $P\!P$ modes, no such scaling is required in the $V\!P$ modes. The $W$-exchange amplitudes are found to change by 10\% to 50\% and depend on whether $d\overline{d}$ or $s\overline{s}$ pair directly emerges from $W$-exchange. The predictions of branching fractions are generally improved after these SU(3) symmetry breaking effects are taken into account. We show in detail how the tree-type, QCD-penguin, and weak penguin-annihilation diagrams contribute and modify CP asymmetry predictions. Future measurements of sufficiently many direct CP asymmetries will be very useful in removing a discrete ambiguity in the strong phases as well as discriminating among different theory approaches. In particular, we predict $a_{CP}(K^+K^-)-a_{CP}(π^+π^-) = (-1.14 \pm 0.26) \times 10^{-3}$ or $(-1.25 \pm 0.25) \times 10^{-3}$, consistent with the latest data, and $a_{CP}(K^+K^{*-})-a_{CP}(π^+ρ^-) = (-1.52 \pm 0.43) \times 10^{-3}$, an attractive and measurable observable in the near future. Moreover, we observe that such CP asymmetry differences are dominated by long-distance penguin-exchange through final-state rescattering.
description: 31 pages, references updated, to appear in Phys. Rev. D. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1205.0580
Impact Investing: an Overview
Creators: name: Pinelli, Maria
name: Torluccio, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2021
Subjects: SECS-P/11 Economia degli intermediari finanziari
SH1 - Individuals, Institutions and Markets: Economics, finance and management

description: Impact Investing is a very promising phenomenon which is gaining always more popularity and importance, drawing the attention of both academics and practitioners. This practice was crucial in the recovery process after the 2008 financial crisis, and it has all the potential to be considered as a critical element to respond to the emergency situation generated by Covid-19 pandemic. However, since a lot of organisations and investors are now approaching the industry, this risks to incur the “impact washing” phenomenon. In order to avoid this threat, it is important to define the specific characteristics of impact investing, distinguishing it from other forms of sustainable finance, and this is the primary objective of this paper. Subsequently, this work describes in detail the impact investing ecosystem, composed of supply-side, demand- side, intermediaries and the enabling environment, in order to provide a complete view of the phenomenon. Finally, the main challenges of impact investing are identified, in order to direct the attention of research to them, enabling the phenomenon not to lose its transformative potential.
Comparing the global and merged with the local and separate: On a downside to the integration of regions and nations
Creators: name: Stark, Oded
name: Stark, Oded
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Development
subject: Political Economy
subject: Integration of regions and nations
subject: Merging populations
subject: Social welfare

description: This paper looks at the integration of regions and nations through the prism of the merger of populations (societies). The paper employs a particular index of social stress. Stylized examples of the merging of two populations suggest that with integration, the social stress index will increase. The examples form the basis for the development of new formulas for calculating the social stress of an integrated population as a function of the levels of social stress of the constituent populations when apart. The formulas reveal that the social stress of an integrated population is higher than the sum of the levels of social stress of the constituent populations when apart. This raises the distinct possibility that the merging of populations may be a social liability: integration may fail to give the populace a sense of improved wellbeing.
New polyacetylenes glycoside from Eclipta prostrate with DGAT inhibitory activity
Creators: name: Meng, Xiao
name: Li, Ban-Ban
name: Lin, Xin
name: Jiang, Yi-Yu
name: Zhang, Le
name: Li, Hao-Ze
name: Cui, Long
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Virology

description: One new polyacetylene glycoside eprostrata Ⅰ (1), together with seven known compounds (2–8), were isolated from Eclipta prostrata. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and physico-chemical analyses. All the isolates were evaluated inhibitory activity on DGAT in an in vitro assay. Compounds 1–8 were found to exhibit inhibitory activity of DGAT1 with IC50 values ranging from 74.4 ± 1.3 to 101.1 ± 1.1 μM.
Charged perfect fluid and scalar field coupled to gravity
Creators: name: Klepac, P.
name: Horsky, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charged perfect fluid with vanishing Lorentz force and massless scalar field is studied in the case of stationary cylindrically symmetric spacetime. The scalar field can depend both on radial and longitudinal coordinates. Solutions are found and classified according to scalar field gradient and magnetic field relationship. Their physical and geometrical properties are examined and discussion of particular cases, directly generalizing Gödel-type spacetimes, is presented.
description: 11 pages, LaTeX, two eps figures, to appear in Czech.J.Phys; reference added
State Representation Learning from Demonstration
Creators: name: Merckling, Astrid
name: Coninx, Alexandre
name: Cressot, Loic
name: Doncieux, Stéphane
name: Perrin-Gilbert, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Robots could learn their own state and world representation from perception and experience without supervision. This desirable goal is the main focus of our field of interest, state representation learning (SRL). Indeed, a compact representation of such a state is beneficial to help robots grasp onto their environment for interacting. The properties of this representation have a strong impact on the adaptive capability of the agent. In this article we present an approach based on imitation learning. The idea is to train several policies that share the same representation to reproduce various demonstrations. To do so, we use a multi-head neural network with a shared state representation feeding a task-specific agent. If the demonstrations are diverse, the trained representation will eventually contain the information necessary for all tasks, while discarding irrelevant information. As such, it will potentially become a compact state representation useful for new tasks. We call this approach SRLfD (State Representation Learning from Demonstration). Our experiments confirm that when a controller takes SRLfD-based representations as input, it can achieve better performance than with other representation strategies and promote more efficient reinforcement learning (RL) than with an end-to-end RL strategy.
description: Published as a conference paper at LOD 2020
Array programming with NumPy
Creators: name: Harris, Charles R.
name: Millman, K. Jarrod
name: Van Der Walt, Stéfan J.
name: Gommers, Ralf
name: Virtanen, Pauli
name: Cournapeau, David
name: Wieser, Eric
name: Taylor, Julian
name: Berg, Sebastian
name: Smith, Nathaniel J.
name: Kern, Robert
name: Picus, Matti
name: Hoyer, Stephan
name: Van Kerkwijk, Marten H.
name: Brett, Matthew
name: Haldane, Allan
name: Del Río, Jaime Fernández
name: Wiebe, Mark
name: Peterson, Pearu
name: Gérard-Marchant, Pierre
name: Sheppard, Kevin
name: Reddy, Tyler
name: Weckesser, Warren
name: Abbasi, Hameer
name: Gohlke, Christoph
name: Oliphant, Travis E.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Review Article
/631/378/116
/704/525/870
/639/705/1042
/639/705/117
/639/705/794
/139
review-article

description: Abstract: Array programming provides a powerful, compact and expressive syntax for accessing, manipulating and operating on data in vectors, matrices and higher-dimensional arrays. NumPy is the primary array programming library for the Python language. It has an essential role in research analysis pipelines in fields as diverse as physics, chemistry, astronomy, geoscience, biology, psychology, materials science, engineering, finance and economics. For example, in astronomy, NumPy was an important part of the software stack used in the discovery of gravitational waves1 and in the first imaging of a black hole2. Here we review how a few fundamental array concepts lead to a simple and powerful programming paradigm for organizing, exploring and analysing scientific data. NumPy is the foundation upon which the scientific Python ecosystem is constructed. It is so pervasive that several projects, targeting audiences with specialized needs, have developed their own NumPy-like interfaces and array objects. Owing to its central position in the ecosystem, NumPy increasingly acts as an interoperability layer between such array computation libraries and, together with its application programming interface (API), provides a flexible framework to support the next decade of scientific and industrial analysis.
Effective Chiral Theory for Pseudoscalar and Vector Mesons
Creators: name: Gedalin, E.
name: Moalem, A.
name: Razdolskaya, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the vector meson mixing scheme and mass splitting within the framework of an extended $U(3)_L\bigotimes U(3)_R$ chiral effective field theory based on the hidden local symmetry approach where, the pseudoscalar and vector meson nonets play the role of dynamic variables. Unlike other variants of this model, we show that the diagonalization of the vector meson mass matrix and the assumption that its eigenvalues are identical with the physical meson masses, determines the mixing scheme as well as the model free parameters. We show that VMD can be derived from our lagrangian and that for electromagnetic processes at low momenta the VMD model is a good first approximation. The model reproduces nicely the radii of the charged pions and kaons.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure
Additional file 2 of Effects of Keluoxin capsule combined with losartan potassium on diabetic kidney disease: study protocol for a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter clinical trial
Creators: name: Wu, Rui
name: Wei, Fan
name: Qu, Lianlian
name: Bai, Litao
name: Li, Jun
name: Li, Fei
name: Yan, Weitian
name: Wang, Qiuhong
name: Wei, Junping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 2:. Reporting checklist for protocol of a clinical trial.
Microelectromagnets for Trapping and Manipulating Ultracold Atomic Quantum Gases
Creators: name: Fortagh, J.
name: Ott, H.
name: Schlotterbeck, G.
name: Zimmermann, C.
name: Herzog, B.
name: Wharam, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the production and characterization of microelectromagnets made for trapping and manipulating atomic ensembles. The devices consist of 7 fabricated parallel copper conductors 3 micrometer thick, 25mm long, with widths ranging from 3 to 30 micrometer, and are produced by electroplating a sapphire substrate. Maximum current densities in the wires up to 6.5 * 10^6 A / cm^2 are achieved in continuous mode operation. The device operates successfully at a base pressure of 10^-11 mbar. The microstructures permit the realization of a variety of magnetic field configurations, and hence provide enormous flexibility for controlling the motion and the shape of Bose-Einstein condensates.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Targeting Missing Persons Most Likely to Come to Harm Among 92,681 Cases Reported to Devon and Cornwall Police
Creators: name: Doyle, Ryan
name: Barnes, Geoffrey C.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Missing persons
Risk assessment
Harm
College of Policing
Approved professional practice

description: Funder: University of Cambridge
description: Abstract: Research question: Given the information available to Devon and Cornwall Police at the time when they received a missing person report, which knowable variables indicated increased odds of the person coming to serious harm? Data: The study examines all 92,681 missing reports received by Devon and Cornwall Police over 11 years from 2008 through 2019, for which 3481 (3.8%) persons came to harm, or about one in 27. Variables known at the time the report was filed included (A) risk levels estimated by police applying the College of Policing risk assessment template (high, medium, low), and (B) the missing person’s age, gender, in-care status, disability, dyslexia, learning disability, hearing or visual impairment, reduced mobility, mental illness, child sexual exploitation risk, reported suicidal, vulnerable adult status and previous reports of being missing. Methods: Odds ratios are used to estimate differences in likelihood of missing persons coming to harm in a series of single-variable tests. Matrices are used to assess the accuracy of the current risk assessment process used by police services in England and Wales, as applied in Devon and Cornwall. Limited multivariate analysis was undertaken. Findings: Application of the current College of Policing protocol for risk assessment by subjective professional judgements yields substantial error rates, with 89% of the predicted high risk cases having no actual harm and 59% of cases with actual harm after not being predicted as high risk. The odds of harm based on single variables examined are highly conditional on age and gender as third factors. Both men and women over 18 are 4 times more likely to be harmed (6.8%) than those under age 18 (1.7%). Conclusions: This study casts substantial doubt on the accuracy of the current subjective risk assessment process for missing persons. As the authorizing body for Approved Professional Practice, the College of Policing could use this evidence to endorse further development and implementation of a multivariate evidence-based risk assessment tool for missing persons that takes into account the age and gender of the missing person as well as all other factors in a single forecasting model.
Hydrogen isotopic evidence for early oxidation of silicate Earth
Creators: name: Pahlevan, Kaveh
name: Schaefer, Laura
name: Hirschmann, Marc M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Moon-forming giant impact extensively melts and partially vaporizes the silicate Earth and delivers a substantial mass of metal to Earth's core. Subsequent evolution of the magma ocean and overlying atmosphere has been described by theoretical models but observable constraints on this epoch have proved elusive. Here, we report calculations of the primordial atmosphere during the magma ocean and water ocean epochs and forge new links with observations to gain insight into the behavior of volatiles on the early Earth. As Earth's magma ocean crystallizes, it outgasses the bulk of the volatiles into the primordial atmosphere. The redox state of the magma ocean controls both the chemical composition of the outgassed volatiles and the hydrogen isotopic composition of water oceans that remain after hydrogen loss from the primordial atmosphere. Whereas water condenses and is retained, molecular hydrogen does not condense and can escape, allowing large quantities (~10^2 bars) of hydrogen - if present - to be lost from Earth in this epoch. Because the escaping inventory of H can be comparable to the hydrogen inventory in the early oceans, the corresponding deuterium enrichment can be large with a magnitude that depends on the initial H2 inventory. By contrast, the common view that terrestrial water has a carbonaceous chondrite source requires the oceans to preserve the isotopic composition of that source, undergoing minimal D-enrichment via H2 loss. Such minimal enrichment places upper limits on the amount of primordial H2 in contact with early water oceans (pH2<20 bars), implies oxidizing conditions for outgassing from the magma ocean, and suggests that Earth's mantle supplied the oxidant for the chemical resorption of metals during late accretion.
description: 39 pages, 6 figures; including supplementary materials
Dardanus pedunculatus
Creators: name: Castro, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Diogenidae
Dardanus
Dardanus pedunculatus

description: Dardanus pedunculatus (Herbst, 1804)
 Cancer pedunculatus Herbst, 1804: 25, pl. 6, fig. 2 (color) [type locality: Ostindien; holotype: ZMB Herbst 2497]. Hawaiian Is. records:
 Dardanus asper (De Haan, 1849) — Edmondson 1925: 24 [Laysan, French Frigate Shoals, H.I.]; 1946: 263 [H.I.]. Dardanus haanii Rathbun, 1902 — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 75 [Johnston Atoll].
 Remarks. The identification of the Hawaiian material is doubtful (G. Paulay, personal communication).
 Taxonomy. Fize & Serène (1955), McLaughlin & Hogarth (1998), McLaughlin et al. (2007)
 Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
 Habitat. Sometimes carries sea anemones on the gastropod shell; shallow subtidal to 100 m.
description: Published as part of Castro, Peter, 2011, Catalog of the anomuran and brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura, Brachyura) of the Hawaiian Islands 2947, pp. 1-154 in Zootaxa 2947 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5283044
Data and Digital Output Management Plan (DDOMP), JpGU M-GI36 Open Science in Progress
Creators: name: Stall, Shelley
name: Specht, Alison
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Data Management Plan
PARSEC
DDOMP

description: In addition to the iPoster prepared for the session, this presentation provides an overview of the Data and Digital Output Management Plan and Workbook developed for the PARSEC project. The Workbook and the supporting checklist are outputs designed to be shared broadly in the community with supporting materials for use by Earth, space, and environmental sciences researchers and more. Session: Open Science in Progress: Data Sharing, e-Infrastructure, and Transparency in International Contexts Open Science is widely accepted as a new research paradigm to accelerate scientific innovation. Deployed by ICSU-WDS (2008), G8 Open Data Charter (2013), deployment of Research Data Alliance (2013), OECD Global Science Forum's research projects (2016), and G7 Science Ministers' Communique (2017), it commonly refers to the top-down policies making results of publicly-funded research freely available and accessible. Open Science also refers to the participatory bottom-up approaches such as citizen science, crowdfunding, and transdisciplinary research (Kitamoto 2016). It is noted that both approaches envision the transformation of research process to more findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable one (Wilkinson et al. 2016).
 Followed by the JpGU-AGU Great Debate "Role of open data and open science in Geoscience" at JpGU Annual Meeting 2018, follow-up sessions at the AGU Fall Meetings 2018 and 2019, and JpGU 2019, this session reviews the current broad spectrum of Open Science in international contexts. The session welcomes a wide range of papers and posters covering (but not limited to) open research data, open source licenses, data papers and journals, data repository, e-infrastructures and platforms for sharing data, citizen science, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, transdisciplinary research, capacity building, international networking, and deployment in earth and planetary sciences. The PARSEC project is funded by the Belmont Forum, Collaborative Research Action on Science-Driven e-Infrastructures Innovation.
description: {"references": ["Stall, Shelley, Specht, Alison, Corr\u00eaa, Pedro Luiz Pizzigatti, David, Romain, Edmunds, Rorie, Mabile, Laurence, \u2026 Wyborn, Lesley. (2020). PARSEC Data and Digital Output Management Plan and Workbook. Zenodo. 10.5281/zenodo.3891426"]}
High-precision measurement and ab initio calculation of the $(6s^26p^2)\,^3\!P_0 \rightarrow \, ^3\!P_2$ electric quadrupole transition amplitude in $^{208}$Pb
Creators: name: Maser, Daniel L.
name: Hoenig, Eli
name: Wang, B. -Y.
name: Rupasinghe, P. M.
name: Porsev, S. G.
name: Safronova, M. S.
name: Majumder, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have completed a measurement of the $(6s^26p^2)\, ^3\!P_0 \rightarrow \, ^3\!P_2$ 939 nm electric quadrupole ($E2$) transition amplitude in atomic lead. Using a Faraday rotation spectroscopy technique and a sensitive polarimeter, we have measured this very weak $E2$ transition for the first time, and determined its amplitude to be $\langle ^3\!P_2 || Q || ^3\!P_0 \rangle$ = 8.91(9) a.u.. We also present an ab initio theoretical calculation of this matrix element, which agrees with experiment at the 0.5\% level. We heat a quartz vapor cell containing $^{208}$Pb to between 800 and 940 $^{\circ}$C, apply a $\sim \! 10 \, {\rm G}$ longitudinal magnetic field, and use polarization modulation/lock-in detection to measure optical rotation amplitudes of order 1 mrad with noise near 1 $μ$rad. We compare the Faraday rotation amplitude of the $E2$ transition to that of the $^3\!P_0 -\, ^3\!P_1$ 1279 nm magnetic dipole ($M1$) transition under identical sample conditions.
Predicting Violence in Merseyside: a Network-Based Approach Using No Demographic Information
Creators: name: Campana, Paolo
name: Giovannetti, Andrea
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
Violence
Knife incidents
Gun incidents
Co-offending networks
Violence prediction

description: Funder: University of Cambridge
description: Abstract: Purpose: We explore how we can best predict violent attacks with injury using a limited set of information on (a) previous violence, (b) previous knife and weapon carrying, and (c) violence-related behaviour of known associates, without analysing any demographic characteristics. Data: Our initial data set consists of 63,022 individuals involved in 375,599 events that police recorded in Merseyside (UK) from 1 January 2015 to 18 October 2018. Methods: We split our data into two periods: T1 (initial 2 years) and T2 (the remaining period). We predict “violence with injury” at time T2 as defined by Merseyside Police using the following individual-level predictors at time T1: violence with injury; involvement in a knife incident and involvement in a weapon incident. Furthermore, we relied on social network analysis to reconstruct the network of associates at time T1 (co-offending network) for those individuals who have committed violence at T2, and built three additional network-based predictors (associates’ violence; associates’ knife incident; associates’ weapon incident). Finally, we tackled the issue of predicting violence (a) through a series of robust logistic regression models using a bootstrapping method and (b) through a specificity/sensitivity analysis. Findings: We found that 7720 individuals committed violence with injury at T2. Of those, 2004 were also present at T1 (27.7%) and co-offended with a total of 7202 individuals. Regression models suggest that previous violence at time T1 is the strongest predictor of future violence (with an increase in odds never smaller than 123%), knife incidents and weapon incidents at the individual level have some predictive power (but only when no information on previous violence is considered), and the behaviour of one’s associates matters. Prior association with a violent individual and prior association with a knife-flagged individual were the two strongest network predictors, with a slightly stronger effect for knife flags. The best performing regressors are (a) individual past violence (36% of future violence cases correctly identified); (b) associates’ past violence (25%); and (c) associates’ knife involvement (14%). All regressors are characterised by a very high level of specificity in predicting who will not commit violence (80% or more). Conclusions: Network-based indicators add to the explanation of future violence, especially prior association with a knife-flagged individual and association with a violent individual. Information about the knife involvement of associates appears to be more informative than a subject’s own prior knife involvement.
Galaxy morphological classification in deep-wide surveys via unsupervised machine learning
Creators: name: Martin, Garreth
name: Kaviraj, Sugata
name: Hocking, Alex
name: Read, Shaun C.
name: Geach, James E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy morphology is a fundamental quantity, that is essential not only for the full spectrum of galaxy-evolution studies, but also for a plethora of science in observational cosmology. While a rich literature exists on morphological-classification techniques, the unprecedented data volumes, coupled, in some cases, with the short cadences of forthcoming 'Big-Data' surveys (e.g. from the LSST), present novel challenges for this field. Large data volumes make such datasets intractable for visual inspection (even via massively-distributed platforms like Galaxy Zoo), while short cadences make it difficult to employ techniques like supervised machine-learning, since it may be impractical to repeatedly produce training sets on short timescales. Unsupervised machine learning, which does not require training sets, is ideally suited to the morphological analysis of new and forthcoming surveys. Here, we employ an algorithm that performs clustering of graph representations, in order to group image patches with similar visual properties and objects constructed from those patches, like galaxies. We implement the algorithm on the Hyper-Suprime-Cam Subaru-Strategic-Program Ultra-Deep survey, to autonomously reduce the galaxy population to a small number (160) of 'morphological clusters', populated by galaxies with similar morphologies, which are then benchmarked using visual inspection. The morphological classifications (which we release publicly) exhibit a high level of purity, and reproduce known trends in key galaxy properties as a function of morphological type at z<1 (e.g. stellar-mass functions, rest-frame colours and the position of galaxies on the star-formation main sequence). Our study demonstrates the power of unsupervised machine learning in performing accurate morphological analysis, which will become indispensable in this new era of deep-wide surveys.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 19 pages, 12 figures
Highest Harm Crime “Recruiters” in a London Borough: a Case of Moving Targets
Creators: name: Linton, Benedict
name: Ariel, Barak
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Co-offenders
Crime recruiters
Targeting
Crime harm index
Felonious few

description: Abstract: Research Question: Can criminal recruiters be identified and ranked by crime harm levels in a London borough, and if so, how long is the predictive window of opportunity for targeting them with crime prevention efforts? Data: This study deploys 5 years of Metropolitan Police Service crime data, relating to one of the 32 London boroughs in that time period. The data structure allowed identification of all suspects linked to the same crime report and all crime reports linked to the same suspects. Identification of linked suspects and their associated crime harm was undertaken using Structured Query Language (SQL) and ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML) via a web-based application. Methods: All offenders were ranked by the number of co-offenders they acquired, as well as the total Cambridge crime harm index weight of the detected offences associated with them. Findings: The highest harm recruiters are shown to be up to 137 times as harmful as the average offender, with one recruiter committing the same number of crimes as another but having 97 times more crime harm. Recruiter populations are highly dynamic, with few potential targets persisting from year to year over multiple years. Conclusions: This study suggests that criminal recruiters are readily identifiable from police data, but police would only have a short window of opportunity to use deterrent or other preventive strategies with them once they are identified.