cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
SPOKE 6 Project VINO - D5.2 Prototype of a UAV-spray system for aerial spraying applications
Creators: name: SOPEGNO, ALESSANDRO
name: GAY, PAOLO
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Spoke 6 - Primary Agroindustry
subject: VINO Project
subject: ECS00000036
subject: Agriculture
subject: Sustainable agriculture
subject: Precision agriculture

description: Document describing prototype, technical specifications, and test measurements.

 

This document is a deliverable of the project VINO ("VIneyard management for viNeprOduction"), which proposes research for sustainable innovation supported by the digitalisation of the wine sector with the primary objective of creating new solutions and readapting existing practices to cope with the effects of climate change in viticulture.

 

This document is part of the project NODES which has received funding from the MUR – Missione 4, Componente 2, Investimento 1.5 – Creazione e rafforzamento di “Ecosistemi dell’innovazione”, costruzione di “leader territoriali di R&S'' – del PNRR funded by the European Union - NextGenerationEU with grant agreement no. ECS00000036
Unveiling the Nature of SN 2011fh: a Young and Massive Star Gives Rise to a Luminous SN 2009ip-like Event
Creators: name: Pessi, Thallis
name: Prieto, Jose L.
name: Monard, Berto
name: Kochanek, Christopher S.
name: Bock, Greg
name: Drake, Andrew J.
name: Fox, Ori D.
name: Parker, Stuart
name: Stevance, Heloise F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, many Type IIn supernovae have been found to share striking similarities with the peculiar SN 2009ip, whose true nature is still under debate. Here, we present 10 years of observations of SN 2011fh, an interacting transient with spectroscopic and photometric similarities to SN 2009ip. SN 2011fh had a M$_r \sim -16$ mag brightening event, followed by a brighter M$_r \sim -18$ mag luminous outburst in August 2011. The spectra of SN 2011fh are dominated by narrow to intermediate Balmer emission lines throughout its evolution, with P Cygni profiles indicating fast-moving material at $\sim 6400 \ \textrm{km s}^{-1}$. HST/WFC3 observations from October of 2016 revealed a bright source with M$_{F814W} \approx -13.3$ mag, indicating that we are seeing the ongoing interaction of the ejecta with the circumstellar material or that the star might be going through an eruptive phase five years after the luminous outburst of 2011. Using HST photometry of the stellar cluster around SN 2011fh, we estimated an age of $\sim 4.5$ Myr for the progenitor, which implies a stellar mass of $\sim 60$ M$_\odot$, using single-star evolution models, or a mass range of $35 - 80 \ \textrm{M}_\odot$, considering a binary system. We also show that the progenitor of SN 2011fh exceeded the classical Eddington limit by a large factor in the months preceding the luminous outburst of 2011, suggesting strong super-Eddington winds as a possible mechanism for the observed mass-loss. These findings favor an energetic outburst in a young and massive star, possibly a luminous blue variable.
The flavor composition of astrophysical neutrinos after 8 years of IceCube: an indication of neutron decay scenario?
Creators: name: Palladino, Andrea
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 530
subject: n: decay
subject: showers: atmosphere
subject: muon: flux
subject: pi: decay
subject: atmosphere: background
subject: neutrino: energy: high
subject: neutrino: flavor
subject: muon: spectrum
subject: IceCube
subject: muon: atmosphere
subject: neutrino muon
subject: energy spectrum
subject: magnetic field
subject: oscillation
subject: p p: interaction
subject: tracks

description: In this work we present an updated study of the flavor composition suggested by astrophysical neutrinos observed by IceCube. The main novelties compared to previous studies are the following: (1) we use the most recent measurements, namely 8 years of throughgoing muons and 7.5 years of High Energy Starting Events (HESE), (2) we consider a broken power law spectrum, in order to be consistent with the observations between 30 TeV and few PeV, (3) we use the throughgoing muon flux to predict the number of astrophysical HESE tracks. We show that accounting for the three previous elements, the result favors surprisingly the hypothesis of neutrinos produced by neutron decay, disfavoring the standard picture of neutrinos from pion decay at 2.0 $\sigma $ and the damped muons regime at $2.6 \sigma $ , once the atmospheric background is considered. Although the conventional scenario is not yet completely ruled out in the statistically and alternative interpretations are also plausible, such as an energy spectrum characterized by a non trivial shape, this intriguing result may suggest new directions for both theoretical interpretation and experimental search strategies.
Ecological rationale of landmark points used in morphometric analysis from Predicting range-shift success potential for tropical marine fishes using external morphology
Creators: name: Smith, Shannen M.
name: Fox, Rebecca J.
name: Donelson, Jennifer M.
name: Head, Megan L.
name: Booth, David J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Table S2: Position and ecological rationale for each morphological trait used for landmarking in current study (adapted from Farré et al 2013)
Bulk Rashba spin splitting and Dirac surface state in $p$-type (Bi$_{0.9}$Sb$_{0.1})_2$Se$_3$ single crystal
Creators: name: Ghose, P. K.
name: Bandyopadhyay, S.
name: Dalui, T. K.
name: Tseng, J. -C.
name: Dey, J. K.
name: Tomar, R.
name: Chakraverty, S.
name: Majumdar, S.
name: Dasgupta, I.
name: Giri, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report bulk Rashba spin splitting (RSS) and associated Dirac surface state in (Bi$_{0.9}$Sb$_{0.1})_2$Se$_3$, exhibiting dominant $p$-type conductivity. We argue from the synchrotron diffraction studies that origin of the bulk RSS is due to a structural transition to a non-centrosymmetric $R3m$ phase below $\sim$ 30 K. The Shubnikov-de Haas Van (SdH) oscillations observed in the magnetoresistance curves at low temperature and the Landau level fan diagram, as obtained from these oscillations, confirm the presence of nontrivial Dirac surface state. The magnetization data at low temperature exhibit substantial orbital magnetization consistent with the bulk RSS. The existance of both the bulk RSS and Dirac surface states are confirmed by first principles density functional theory calculations. Coexistence of orbital magnetism, bulk RSS, and Dirac surface state is unique for $p$-type (Bi$_{0.9}$Sb$_{0.1})_2$Se$_3$, making it an ideal candidate for spintronic applications.
Thermal Waves and Heat Transfer Efficiency Enhancement in Harmonically Modulated Turbulent Thermal Convection
Creators: name: Urban, P.
name: Hanzelka, P.
name: Králík, T.
name: Musilová, V.
name: Skrbek, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection over four decades of Rayleigh numbers 4E8 < Ra < 2E12, while harmonically modulating the temperatures of the plates of our cylindrical cell. We probe the flow by temperature sensors placed in the cell interior and embedded in the highly conducting copper plates and detect thermal waves propagating at modulation frequency in the bulk of the convective flow. We confirm the recent numerical prediction [PRL 125, 154502 (2020)] of the significant enhancement of Nusselt number and report its dependence on the frequency and amplitude of the temperature modulation of plates.
List of species used in morphometric analysis from Predicting range-shift success potential for tropical marine fishes using external morphology
Creators: name: Smith, Shannen M.
name: Fox, Rebecca J.
name: Donelson, Jennifer M.
name: Head, Megan L.
name: Booth, David J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Table S1. List of bony fish species (residents and tropical vagrants) used in morphometric analysis
On free fall of quantum matter
Creators: name: Emelyanov, Viacheslav A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an approach that allows to systematically take into account gravity in quantum particle physics. It is based on quantum field theory and the general principle of relativity. These are used to build a model for quantum particles in curved spacetime. We compute by its means a deviation from a classical geodesic in the Earth's gravitational field. This shows that free fall depends on quantum-matter properties. Specifically, we find that the free-fall universality and the wave-packet spreading are mutually exclusive phenomena. We then estimate the Eötvös parameter for a pair of atoms freely falling near the Earth's surface, provided that the wave-packet spreading is more fundamental than the weak equivalence principle.
description: references added, discussion extended, version to be published in Eur. Phys. J. C
Digital control of c-di-GMP in E. coli balances population-wide developmental transitions and phage sensitivity
Creators: name: Reinders, Alberto
name: Sellner, Benjamin
name: Fadel, Firas
name: van Berkum, Margo
name: Kaczmarczyk, Andreas
name: Ozaki, Shogo
name: Rueher, Johanna
name: Manfredi, Pablo
name: Sangermani, Matteo
name: Harms, Alexander
name: Perez, Camilo
name: Schirmer, Tilman
name: Jenal, Urs
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021
Subjects: Cellular heterogeneity
Bimodality
Bistability
c-di-GMP
Phosphodiesterase
Escherichia coli
Transcription
Motility
Biofilm
Phage infection

description: Nucleotide-based signaling molecules (NSMs) are widespread in bacteria and eukaryotes, where they control important physiological and behavioral processes. In bacteria, NSM-based regulatory networks are highly complex, entailing large numbers of enzymes involved in the synthesis and degradation of active signaling molecules. How the converging input from multiple enzymes is transformed into robust and unambiguous cellular responses has remained unclear. Here we show that Escherichia coli converts dynamic changes of c-di-GMP into discrete binary signaling states, thereby generating heterogeneous populations with either high or low c-di-GMP. This is mediated by an ultrasensitive switch protein, PdeL, which senses the prevailing cellular concentration of the signaling molecule and couples this information to c-di-GMP degradation and transcription feedback boosting its own expression. We demonstrate that PdeL acts as a digital filter that facilitates precise developmental transitions, confers cellular memory, and generates functional heterogeneity in bacterial populations to evade phage predation. Based on our findings, we propose that bacteria apply ultrasensitive regulatory switches to convert dynamic changes of NSMs into binary signaling modes to allow robust decision-making and bet-hedging for improved overall population fitness.
description: bioRxiv
Axion Homeopathy: Screening Dilaton Interactions
Creators: name: Burgess, C. P.
name: Quevedo, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmologically active Brans-Dicke (or dilaton) scalar fields are generically ruled out by solar system tests of gravity unless their couplings to ordinary matter are much suppressed relative to gravitational strength, and this is a major hindrance when building realistic models of light dilatons coupled to matter. We propose a new mechanism for evading such bounds if matter also couples to a light axion, that exploits nonlinear target-space curvature interactions to qualitatively change how the fields respond to a gravitating source. We find that dilaton-matter couplings that would be excluded in the absence of an axion can become acceptable given an additional small axion-matter coupling, and this is possible because the axion-dilaton interactions end up converting the would-be dilaton profile into an axion profile. The trajectories of matter test bodies are then controlled by the much weaker axion-matter couplings and can easily be small enough to escape detection. We call this mechanism Axion Homeopathy because the evasion of the dilaton-coupling bounds persists for extremely small axion couplings provided only that they are nonzero. We explore the mechanism using axio-dilaton equations that are SL(2,R) invariant (as often appear in string compactifications), since for these the general solutions exterior to a spherically symmetric source can be found analytically. We use this solution to compute the relevant PPN parameters, $β$ and $γ$, and verify that their difference from unity can be much smaller than would have been true in the absence of axion-matter couplings and so can therefore evade the experimental bounds.
description: Version that will appear in the journal; typos corrected (updated formulae for PPN parameters); some new references. 20 pages, 2 figures
Adiabatic theory for the area-constrained Willmore flow
Creators: name: Zhang, Jingxuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53C44 (Primary) 37L05 (Secondary)

description: In this paper, we develop an adiabatic theory for the evolution of large closed surfaces under the area-constrained Willmore (ACW) flow in a three-dimensional asymptotically Schwarzschild manifold. We construct explicitly a map, defined on a certain four-dimensional manifold of barycenters, which characterizes key static and dynamical properties of the ACW flow. In particular, using this map, we find an explicit four-dimensional effective dynamics of barycenters, which serves as a uniform asymptotic approximation for the (infinite-dimensional) ACW flow, so long as the initial surface satisfies certain mild geometric constraints (which determine the validity interval). Conversely, given any prescribed flow of barycenters evolving according to this effective dynamics, we construct a family of surfaces evolving by the ACW flow, whose barycenters are uniformly close to the prescribed ones on a large time interval (whose size depends on the geometric constraints of initial configurations).
description: 25 pp
SDSS-IV DR17: Final Release of MaNGA PyMorph Photometric and Deep Learning Morphological Catalogs
Creators: name: Sánchez, H. Domínguez
name: Margalef, B.
name: Bernardi, M.
name: Huertas-Company, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the MaNGA PyMorph photometric Value Added Catalogue (MPP-VAC-DR17) and the MaNGA Deep Learning Morphological VAC (MDLM-VAC-DR17) for the final data release of the MaNGA survey, which is part of the SDSS Data Release 17 (DR17). The MPP-VAC-DR17 provides photometric parameters from Sèrsic and Sèrsic+Exponential fits to the 2D surface brightness profiles of the MaNGA DR17 galaxy sample in the $g$, $r$, and $i$ bands (e.g. total fluxes, half light radii, bulge-disk fractions, ellipticities, position angles, etc.). The MDLM-VAC-DR17 provides Deep Learning-based morphological classifications for the same galaxies. The MDLM-VAC-DR17 includes a number of morphological properties: e.g., a T-Type, a finer separation between elliptical and S0, as well as the identification of edge-on and barred galaxies. While the MPP-VAC-DR17 simply extends the MaNGA PyMorph photometric VAC published in the SDSS Data Release 15 (MPP-VAC-DR15) to now include galaxies which were added to make the final DR17, the MDLM-VAC-DR17 implements some changes and improvements compared to the previous release (MDLM-VAC-DR15): namely, the low-end of the T-Types are better recovered in this new version. The catalogue also includes a separation between Early- or Late-type Galaxies (ETG, LTG), which classifies the two populations in a complementary way to the T-Type, especially at the intermediate types (-1 < T-Type < 2), where the T-Type values show a large scatter. In addition, $k-$fold based uncertainties on the classifications are also provided. To ensure robustness and reliability, we have also visually inspected all the images. We describe the content of the catalogues and show some interesting ways in which they can be combined.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Catalogues will be released with SDSS Data Release 17
Algebraic structures in $κ$-Poincaré invariant gauge theories
Creators: name: Hersent, Kilian
name: Mathieu, Philippe
name: Wallet, Jean-Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $κ$-Poincaré invariant gauge theories on $κ$-Minkowski space-time, which are noncommutative analogs of the usual $U(1)$ gauge theory, exist only in five dimensions. These are built from noncommutative twisted connections on a hermitian right module over the algebra coding the $κ$-Minkowski space-time. We show that twisting the action of this algebra on the hermitian module, assumed to be a copy of it, affects neither the value of the above dimension nor the noncommutative gauge group defined as the unitary automorphisms of the module leaving the hermitian structure unchanged. Only the hermiticity condition obeyed by the gauge potential becomes twisted. Similarities between the present framework and algebraic features of twisted spectral triples are exhibited.
description: 18 pages. To appear in I.J.G.M.M.P. special issue for the conference "Geometric Foundations of Gravity, Tartu, 2021."
The Atlas Cookbook: Ten ingredients how to edit an atlas
Creators: name: ICA Commission on Atlases
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Atlas cartography
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550
Earth sciences

description: Atlases serve as a spatiotemporal and sociocultural compendium to display, explore, compare, and analyze topographic and thematic information in order to gain novel knowledge.
The intention of The Atlas Cookbook is to give advice to atlas authors in a general way:
– to give an overview over the realization stages,
– to show how to start a new atlas project (which is always the most difficult part),
– and how to deal with conceptual, organizational, graphical or publishing issues.
Therefore, we organized The Atlas Cookbook in ten chapters, which reflect a feasible and practicable way to conduct an atlas project. The cookbook can be read as a whole, but also only a single chapter can help!
The Atlas Cookbook is written on a management level, not in a technical way. Most of the comments and recommendations are applicable for current and new digital technologies, but many sections are also valid and useful for editing printed atlases.
description: ISBN:978-3-033-09794-0
description: ISBN:978-3-033-09795-7
Probing for the presence of glucosinolates in three Drypetes spp. (Drypetes euryodes (Hiern) Hutch., Drypetes gossweileri S. Moore, Drypetes laciniata Hutch.) and two Rinorea spp. (Rinorea subintegrifolia O. Ktze and Rinorea woermanniana (Büttner) Engl.) from Gabon
Creators: name: Montaut, Sabine
name: Nicola, Gina R. De
name: Agnaniet, Huguette
name: Issembe, Yves
name: Rollin, Patrick
name: Menut, Chantal
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Drypetes euryodes (Hiern) Hutch., Drypetes gossweileri S. Moore, Drypetes laciniata Hutch. (Putranjivaceae), Rinorea subintegrifolia O. Ktze, and Rinorea woermanniana (Büttner) Engl. (Violaceae) from Gabon were probed for the presence of glucosinolates (GLs). When present, the GLs were identified and quantified by HPLC analysis. 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl GL (1) was the major GL in the cork of D. euryodes. Moreover, 4-hydroxybenzyl GL (2) was the major GL in the seed of D. gossweileri whereas the bark contained 2 as the minor GL and benzyl GL (3) was the major one. In addition, 4-methoxybenzyl GL (4), 3-methoxybenzyl GL (5), and 3 were found in the root of R. subintegrifolia. However, no GL was detected in D. laciniata (leaf and stem), D. euryodes (leaf and stem), and R. woermanniana (leaf and stem-branch). Our results support the hypothesis of the existence of GLs in plants of the Putranjivaceae and Violaceae families (order Malpighiales).
Two new cytotoxic glycosides isolated from the green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica Maxim.
Creators: name: Zhou, Yuan-Yuan
name: Quan-Yu Liu
name: Bing-You Yang
name: Jiang, Yan-Qiu
name: Liu, Yu-Xin
name: Wang, Ying
name: Guo, Shuang
name: Haixue Kuang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Two new glycosides including an alcohol glycoside and a phenolic glycoside: hexyl-1-O-α-d-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), 4-hydroxypropiophenone-4-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranoside(2), along with six known naphthalenyl glucosides (3–8) were isolated from green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic studies. All compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on tumour cells (BGC-823, HepG-2, MCF-7). The results showed that new compounds 1 and 2 had superior inhibitory activity in comparison with other naphthalenyl glucosides.
Creation and annihilation of mobile fractional solitons in atomic chains
Creators: name: Park, Jae Whan
name: Do, Eui Hwan
name: Shin, Jin Sung
name: Song, Sun Kyu
name: Stetsovych, Oleksandr
name: Jelinek, Pavel
name: Yeom, Han Woong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Localized modes in one dimensional topological systems, such as Majonara modes in topological superconductors, are promising platforms for robust information processing. In one dimensional topological insulators, mobile topological solitons are expected but have not been fully realized yet. We discover fractionalized phase defects moving along trimer silicon atomic chains formed along step edges of a vicinal silicon surface. Tunneling microscopy identifies local defects with phase shifts of 2π/3 and 4π/3 with their electronic states within the band gap and with their motions activated above 100 K. Theoretical calculations reveal the topological soliton origin of the phase defects with fractional charges of {\pm}2e/3 and {\pm}4e/3. An individual soliton can be created and annihilated at a desired location by current pulse from the probe tip. Mobile and manipulatable topological solitons discovered here provide a new platform of robustly-protected informatics with extraordinary functionalities.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
Shine a (night)light: Decentralisation and Economic Development in Burkina Faso
Creators: name: Bargain, Olivier B.
name: Caldeira, Émilie
name: Vincent, Rose Camille
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Public sector
Decentralization
Burkina Faso
Local development
Africa

description: Decentralisation has been one of the most prominent public sector reforms endorsed by international institutions. It has been initiated in a large number of developing economies, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. To date, few studies propose a quasi-experimental evaluation of its capacity to contribute to local development or do so but only focus on specific components (e.g. decentralised programmes). We suggest a unique assessment of decentralisation in its essence by exploiting the progressive implementation of the decentralisation agenda at the commune level in Burkina Faso starting in 1995. We use satellite information on night-time light density as a proxy for local development levels, which has the advantage of being measured and comparable over time and space. The communes that were decentralised first can be compared to the others after the reform relative to the pre-reform situation. The difference-in-difference approach includes commune fixed effects and inverse propensity score reweighting to account for time-varying differences across communes. We find a positive impact of decentralisation on the nightlight intensity trends of the early-decentralised communes. We provide extensive checks regarding the possibility of confounding dynamics associated with the communes that were decentralised first. We also provide suggestive evidence that decentralisation did not lift all boats: heterogeneity analyses show that the gains from decentralisation depend more on the ability to generate local own-source revenues than on the capacity to attract state transfers.
description: ODI Working Paper
Kinematics of the molecular interstellar medium probed by Gaia: steep velocity dispersion-size relation, isotropic turbulence, and location-dependent energy dissipation
Creators: name: Zhou, Ji-Xuan
name: Li, Guang-Xing
name: Chen, Bing-Qiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of the molecular interstellar medium is controlled by processes such as turbulence, gravity, stellar feedback, and Galactic shear. AL a part of the ISM-6D https://gxli.github.io/ISM-6D/ project, using Gaia astrometric measurements towards a sample of young stellar objects (YSOs), we study morphology and kinematic structure of the associated molecular gas. We identify 150 YSO associations with distance $d \lesssim 3 \;\rm kpc$. The YSO associations are elongated, with a median aspect ratio of 1.97, and are oriented parallel to the disk midplane, with a median angle of 30$^{\circ}$. The turbulence in the molecular clouds as probed by the YSOs is isotropic, and the velocity dispersions are related to the sizes by $σ_{v,{\rm 2D}} = 0.74\;(r/{\rm pc})^{0.67} \;({\rm km/s})\;$. The slope is on the steeper side, yet consistent with previous measurements. The energy dissipation rate of turbulence $\dotε = σ_{v,{\rm 3D}}^3 /L$ decreases with the Galactocentric distance, with a gradient of 0.2 $\rm dex \; kpc^{-1}$, which can be explained if turbulence is driven by cloud collisions. In this scenario, the clouds located in the inner Galaxy have higher chances to accrete smaller clouds and are more turbulent. Although the density structures of the complexes are anisotropic, the turbulence is consistent with being isotropic. If the alignment between density structures and the Galactic-disk mid-plane is due to shear, we expect $t_{\rm cloud} \gtrsim t_{\rm shear}\approx 30\; \rm Myr$. This cloud lifetime is longer than the turbulence crossing time, and a continuous energy injection is required to maintain the turbulence.
description: Accepted by MNRAS, https://gxli.github.io/ISM-6D/
A generic approach to the quantum mechanical transition probability
Creators: name: Niestegge, Gerd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Pxx (primary), 17Cxx (secondary)

description: In quantum theory, the modulus-square of the inner product of two normalized Hilbert space elements is to be interpreted as the transition probability between the pure states represented by these elements. A probabilistically motivated and more general definition of this transition probability was introduced in a preceding paper and is extended here to a general type of quantum logics: the orthomodular partially ordered sets. A very general version of the quantum no-cloning theorem, creating promising new opportunities for quantum cryptography, is presented and an interesting relationship between the transition probability and Jordan algebras is highlighted.
description: 22 pages, correction in the proof of Proposition 4.3
New Roads to the Small-Scale Universe: Measurements of the Clustering of Matter with the High-Redshift UV Galaxy Luminosity Function
Creators: name: Sabti, Nashwan
name: Muñoz, Julian B.
name: Blas, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The epochs of cosmic dawn and reionisation present promising avenues for understanding the role of dark matter (DM) in our cosmos. The first galaxies that populated the Universe during these eras resided in DM halos that were much less massive than their counterparts today. Consequently, observations of such galaxies can provide us with a handle on the clustering of DM in an otherwise currently inaccessible regime. In this work, we use high-redshift UV galaxy luminosity-function (UV LF) data from the Hubble Space Telescope to study the clustering properties of DM at small scales. In particular, we present new measurements of the matter power spectrum at wavenumbers $0.5\,\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1} < k < 10\,\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$ to roughly 30% precision, obtained after marginalising over the unknown astrophysics. These new data points cover the uncharted redshift range $4\leq z\leq 10$ and encompass scales beyond those probed by Cosmic-Microwave-Background and large-scale-structure observations. This work establishes the UV LF as a powerful tool to probe the nature of DM in a different regime than other cosmological and astrophysical data sets.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures - v2: Expanded on discussion of results, matches version accepted for publication in ApJL
SCDetect: Near real-time computationally efficient waveform cross-correlation based earthquake detection during intense earthquake sequences
Creators: name: Armbruster, Daniel
name: Mesimeri, Maria
name: Kästli, Philipp
name: Diehl, Tobias
name: Massin, Frédérick
name: Wiemer, Stefan
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Aftershock sequences or earthquake swarms generate a high number of seismic events that are not detected by standard regional network routine processes. Undetected earthquakes are mostly due to low signal to noise ratio, overlapping earthquakes, and a network configuration that targets earthquake detection with a homogeneous magnitude of completeness. Furthermore, the analyst’s workload is increasing dramatically during an intense earthquake sequence, which results in prompt manual review of the largest events, only.

We present a computationally efficient and highly customizable tool (SCDetect) to detect earthquakes in near real-time by applying waveform cross-correlation in the time domain based on a set of template events. SCDetect is a free and open-source SeisComP extension module fully integrated into the SeisComP environment. It may be used to process both archived waveform data, when operated in playback mode, as well as real-time data. In either of the use cases, waveform data is accessed through SeisComP’s standard RecordStream interface. Multiple template event based detectors may be configured. The individual detector configuration is fully stream based which allows for generic multi-stream event detection. Event parameter products for newly detected events (i.e. origins, picks, amplitudes, station magnitudes) may be sent to SeisComP's messaging system for further processing. In addition to earthquake detection, we implement amplitude calculation by measuring amplitudes on the horizontal components. SCDetect offers multiple magnitude estimation methods based on the amplitudes of the template earthquakes and the new detections (i.e regression, amplitude ratios). Magnitude estimation is configurable using SeisComP’s bindings configuration.

We applied SCDetect to recent earthquake sequences in Switzerland between 2019 and 2021. The dense seismic network operated by the Swiss Seismological Service offers a unique opportunity to evaluate the performance of the proposed module. Our first results show that these extended earthquake catalogs contain at least ten times more earthquakes than the national earthquake catalogue.
description: EGUsphere
ORCA 6: NMR Spectroscopy with ORCA
Creators: name: Auer, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This workshop was run for the Virtual Winter School on Computational Chemistry

The format was a series of introductory lectures, followed by hands-on workshop sessions.

Information for new users of ORCA

To ensure a smooth and productive practical hands-on session, we kindly ask participants to complete the following preparations beforehand:

Install ORCAStudents should install ORCA in advance for the hands-on part of the workshop.- Installation Instructions: ORCA Installation Guide(Participants can register for free on the ORCA forum to download the software.)- ORCA Download: ORCA Download Page

Install Avogadro as a GUIWe recommend installing Avogadro as a graphical user interface for ORCA.- Installation Instructions: Avogadro Installation Guide

Install ChimeraX as a GUIWe also recommend installing ChimeraX as a graphical user interface for ORCA.- Installation Instructions: ChimeraX Installation Guide- Please also install the SEQCROW plugin! It can be installed via the Tools/More Tools menu within ChimeraX.
Potential of lacustrine alkenones as a novel proxy for spring temperatures in mid-latitude European lakes
Creators: name: Schubert, Carsten
name: Martin, Céline
name: Richter, Nora
name: Schubert, Carsten
name: Pomati, Francesco
name: Amaral-Zettler, Linda
name: Dubois, Nathalie
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Past temperature records are key tools for inferring climate dynamics and provide empirical data for testing climate models to improve our mechanistic understanding of natural climate variability. Unfortunately, very few quantitative records of pre-historic continental temperatures exist in Europe. Moreover, existing paleothermometers mainly provide mean annual or warm season temperatures, limiting our understanding of climate variability during the transitional seasons and winter. Alkenones are temperature-sensitive lipids produced by Isochrysidales algae, which have been used for decades to reconstruct quantitative changes in sea-surface temperatures. In lakes, they are not ubiquitous, but they have been increasingly reported in both saline and freshwater lakes worldwide, suggesting that there is great potential for alkenone-based paleotemperature reconstructions in lacustrine settings. Lacustrine alkenones have already been successfuly used to reconstruct paleotemperatures in high-latitude lakes. Depending on the timing of ice-out, they record winter/spring or summer temperatures. In our study, we found that a significant number of Swiss lakes contain lacustrine alkenones. Other studies in mid-latitude European lakes suggest that the peak of alkenone production occurs in spring. The monitoring of Lake St Moritz, an alpine lake in the South East of Switzerland, will allow determining the seasonality of alkenone production in mid-latitute high altitude lakes. Combining genetic analyses and the monitoring of physico-chemical parameters will provide more information about the ecology of the alkenone producers. Our first results suggest that we will be able to improve the understanding of alkenone production in freshwater lakes and to develop the first spring lake temperature reconstruction in Switzerland that extends beyond existing historical records.
description: EGUsphere
A self-consistent multi-component model of plasma turbulence and kinetic neutral dynamics for the simulation of the tokamak boundary
Creators: name: Coroado, A.
name: Ricci, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A self-consistent model is presented for the simulation of a multi-component plasma in the tokamak boundary. A deuterium plasma is considered, with the plasma species that include electrons, deuterium atomic ions and deuterium molecular ions, while the deuterium atoms and molecules constitute the neutral species. The plasma and neutral models are coupled via a number of collisional interactions, which include dissociation, ionization, charge-exchange and recombination processes. The derivation of the three-fluid drift-reduced Braginskii equations used to describe the turbulent plasma dynamics is presented, including its boundary conditions. The kinetic advection equations for the neutral species are also derived, and their numerical implementation discussed. The first results of multi-component plasma simulations carried out by using the GBS code are then presented and analyzed, being compared with results obtained with the single-component plasma model.
description: 60 pages, 7 figures
Characteristics and results of two years of a VLBI southern hemisphere intensive observing program
Creators: name: Böhm, Sigrid
name: Gruber, Jakob
name: Kern, Lisa
name: McCallum, Jamie
name: McCallum, Lucia
name: McCarthy, Tiege
name: Quick, Jonathan
name: Schartner, Matthias
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: The parameter dUT1 (UT1-UTC, difference of universal time to atomic time) is essential for the transformation between celestial and terrestrial reference systems, inherent in precise navigation and positioning applications. Geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) is the only technique to directly observe dUT1. Real-time or near-real-time navigation tasks are dependent on rapid access to Earth orientation estimates or predictions. On a rapid turnaround basis, dUT1 is provided via so-called intensive sessions, which are routinely observed daily for one hour on one or sometimes more baselines. All currently operational intensive sessions are observed using northern hemisphere stations only.

In a joint initiative of TU Wien, the University of Tasmania, the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, and later on also ETH Zurich, we set up the southern hemisphere intensive observing program (SI). The SI sessions are observed with three VLBI telescopes all located south of the equator: HART15M (South Africa), HOBART12 (Tasmania), and YARRA12M (Western Australia). Observations including HOBART12 are observed in mixed-mode configuration, using the VGOS receiver in Hobart and the legacy systems at the two other stations.

By January 2022, we have successfully observed, correlated, and analyzed more than 50 SI sessions from the years 2020 and 2021. The resulting dUT1 values from the southern intensives are compared with dUT1 from the EOP 14 C04 series and with the results of other "northern intensives". The residuals with respect to C04 of the SI are on the same level as those of the INT1 and INT3 sessions and also match the level of agreement between all the various southern and northern intensives series.
description: EGUsphere
Engineering CAR-Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells for cancer therapy
Creators: name: Qian, Yuxin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2024

description: The advent of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy by empowering T cells to recognize and eliminate tumour cells in a highly specific and efficient manner. In recent years, there has been a heightened interest in harnessing unconventional T cell subsets as potential candidates for CAR-based therapies, aiming to address the existing challenges associated with autologous CAR-T therapy. This thesis investigates the feasibility and functions of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT)- based cells as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Primary human MAIT cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were genetically engineered with a third-generation CAR targeting CD19, incorporating a truncated epidermal growth factor receptor (tEGFR) as a tracking marker. Upon CAR activation, CAR-MAIT cells demonstrated high levels of cytotoxicity toward target B cells in vitro, comparable to conventional CAR-T cells. The mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay revealed low alloreactivity of MAIT cells in response to allogeneic stimuli, suggesting their potential for allogeneic therapy. Besides, the study explored optimised manufacturing protocols for generating CAR-MAIT cells, including using retroviral and lentiviral platforms to ensure efficient gene delivery and sustained CAR expression. Additionally, MAIT cell-specific in vitro expansion strategies, employing the synthesized major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I related protein 1 (MR1) ligand 5- OP-RU and MR1 tetramer-loaded artificial antigen presenting cell (APC) beads, were explored. Investigations into the effects of different cytokine combinations and serum conditions on MAIT cell expansion provided valuable insights into optimising culture conditions for CAR-MAIT cell production. Together, these findings highlight the potential of CAR-MAIT cells as a promising off-the-shelf approach to cell-based cancer immunotherapy, paving the way for more effective and universally applicable CAR-MAIT cell-based cellular therapies.
Investigating INT2 and INT3 VLBI session performance for the determination of dUT1
Creators: name: Schartner, Matthias
name: Plötz, Christian
name: Soja, Benedikt
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: The rapid determination of the Earth's phase of rotation, expressed through the Earth rotation parameter dUT1, is one of the core tasks of geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). To ensure a low latency between observation and analysis results, dedicated 1-hour-long VLBI sessions, so-called Intensives, are regularly observed. Two of these Intensive programs, namely INT2 and INT3, are organized and monitored by the joint IVS operation center DACH. 

Within this study, a detailed overview over the last five years of the VLBI Intensive observing programs INT2 and INT3 is provided. INT2 sessions are typically observed on Saturdays and Sundays using a single baseline and a recording rate of 256 Mbps. INT3 sessions are multi-baseline Intensives with up to five stations, observed on Mondays with a recording rate of 1 Gbps. 

Starting in 2019, the scheduling strategy of the INT3 sessions was significantly changed, leading to a reduction of the estimated average dUT1 formal errors by 25% (from (6.1 ± 2.0) µs to (4.5 ± 1.0) µs) for the 4-station network. The improvement w.r.t. dUT1 mean formal errors for the 5-station network is 45% (from (6.3 ± 1.7) µs to (3.5 ± 0.5) µs). 

The best performing INT2 baseline is observed between station MK-VLBA (USA) and WETTZELL (Germany). Mid-2020, the same change was applied for these INT2 sessions, leading to a reduction in the average dUT1 mean formal error of 44% (from (11.7 ± 5.7) µs to (6.6± 4.7) µs). 

Furthermore, comparisons of dUT1 estimates from various analysis centers w.r.t. IERS EOP C04 and JPL EOP2 are conducted. It is revealed that the previously mentioned INT2 baseline shows a bias of only -2.5 µs and 1.9 µs based on the estimates provided by the analysis centers Goddard Space Flight Center (GSF) and Bundesamt für Karthographie und Geodäsie (BKG), respectively, when compared with JPL EOP2. In contrast, the bias is 10.4 µs and 14.9 µs w.r.t. IERS EOP C04. 

Besides analyzing dUT1 formal errors, the latency of the dUT1 results is compared. For INT3 sessions, results are typically available within 24 hours, while it takes two to three days for INT2 sessions, due to observations occurring on weekends. This reveals that the increased data volume recorded by the up to five stations with 1 Gbps does not increase the latency of the analysis results and dUT1 estimates can be obtained within 24-hours. 

Overall, this work provides a detailed insight into the INT2 and INT3 session performances, revealing a strong positive trend in the precision of dUT1 measurements over the last few years.
description: EGUsphere
Elliptic Quantum Curves of 6d SO(N) theories
Creators: name: Chen, Jin
name: Haghighat, Babak
name: Kim, Hee-Cheol
name: Lee, Kimyeong
name: Sperling, Marcus
name: Wang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss supersymmetric defects in 6d $\mathcal{N}=(1,0)$ SCFTs with $\mathrm{SO}(N_c)$ gauge group and $N_c-8$ fundamental flavors. The codimension 2 and 4 defects are engineered by coupling the 6d gauge fields to charged free fields in four and two dimensions, respectively. We find that the partition function in the presence of the codimension 2 defect on $\mathbb{R}^4\times \mathbb{T}^2$ in the Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit satisfies an elliptic difference equation which quantizes the Seiberg-Witten curve of the 6d theory. The expectation value of the codimension 4 defect appearing in the difference equation is an even (under reflection) degree $N_c$ section over the elliptic curve when $N_c$ is even, and an odd section when $N_c$ is odd. We also find that RG-flows of the defects and the associated difference equations in the 6d $\mathrm{SO}(2N+1)$ gauge theories triggered by Higgs VEVs of KK-momentum states provide quantum Seiberg-Witten curves for $\mathbb{Z}_2$ twisted compactifications of the 6d $\mathrm{SO}(2N)$ gauge theories.
Precision of Galileo satellite orbits obtained from simulated VLBI observations
Creators: name: Wolf, Helene
name: Böhm, Johannes
name: Nothnagel, Axel
name: Hugentobler, Urs
name: Schartner, Matthias
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Observing Earth-orbiting satellites additionally to natural extra-galactic radio sources with Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) radio telescopes offers a variety of new possibilities and allows expanding the research activities of this highly accurate technique. The combination of observations to satellites and quasars permit the determination of the satellite orbit from VLBI observations in the terrestrial as well as in the International Celestial Reference Frame. The latter is enabled by the unique capability of VLBI to determine Universal Time UT1.

In this contribution for the first time, the precision of short satellite orbital arcs determined with simulated VLBI observations to Galileo satellites for different observation geometries using various VLBI networks and arc lengths is investigated. For this purpose, schedules including both, observations to quasars and satellites, are created using the scheduling software VieSched++. The simulations of the scheduled observations and the estimation of the satellite arcs are carried out using the Vienna VLBI and Satellite Software (VieVS). The quality of the estimated orbits is investigated and assessed based on the mean formal errors and the repeatabilities of the individual components of the satellite positions based on Monte Carlo simulations.
description: EGUsphere