cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A robust one-dimensional approach for the performance evaluation of turbines driven by pulsed detonation combustion
Creators: name: Asli, Majid
name: Garan, Niclas
name: Neumann, Nicolai
name: Stathopoulos, Panagiotis
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: pressure gain combustion
subject: unsteady simulation
subject: turbine performance
subject: 1D-Euler
subject: pulsed detonation combustion

description: Among the solutions to reduce emissions from stationary gas turbines, replacing conventional combustion through pressure gain combustion is one of the most promising options. Nevertheless, coupling pressure gain combustion with a turbine can result in increased losses within the cycle, mainly because of the resulting very unsteady turbine inflow conditions. A reliable simulation tool can help to overcome this challenge and optimize turbine geometries and designs for the specific application. The harsh unsteady flow downstream of pressure gain combustors makes three-dimensional CFD computationally expensive. Thus, the development of a fast computational method is crucial. This paper introduces and explores such an alternative methodology. A one-dimensional Euler gas dynamic approach is combined with blade source terms, computed out of a steady-state turbine meanline analysis. To evaluate the methodology, three-dimensional CFD simulations are performed in parallel and the results are compared with those of the 1D method. The energy extraction of a turbine expander is computed with both methods for three different configurations of pulsed detonation combustor arrays connected at the turbine inlet. The results show that the proposed approach is capable of simulating the turbine in such an unsteady environment accurately. Additionally, it is indicated that around 45% of the total unsteadiness is damped throughout the first blade row, which is almost irrespective of the inlet fluctuation amplitude. Due to its accuracy and very low computational cost, the developed methodology can be integrated into optimization loops in the early design and development stages of turbomachinery for pressure gain combustion applications.
Το μορφωτικό Ιδεώδες του Ιερού Φωτίου
Creators: name: Κουτσομίχας, Δημήτριος Χαρίλαου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ιερός Φώτιος
Μορφωτικό ιδεώδες
Παιδεία και εκπαίδευση
Holy Photius
Educational ideal
Education

description: Σκοπός της παρούσης εργασίας είναι να αναδείξει το «ιδεώδες» του ιερού Φώτιου, ένα ιδεώδες το οποίο πηγάζει από το πολυσχιδές έργο του, την πολιτική του στάση αλλά και τη διεπιστημονικότητά του. Η προσέγγισή του, στο επίκεντρο αυτής της αναγέννησης που ονομάστηκε «ο πρώτος βυζαντινός ουμανισμός» είναι επομένως ουσιαστικά πολιτιστικής φύσης καθώς αποσκοπεί στη μετάδοση μιας λογοτεχνικής κληρονομιάς. Ο εγκυκλοπαιδισμός, χαρακτηριστικός του τρόπου με τον οποίο οι βυζαντινοί μελετητές αντιλήφθηκαν τη γνώση, αντικατοπτρίζεται σε αυτό το έργο. Καταλήγοντας, η εργασία μέσα από την ανάλυση του συγγραφικού του έργου ρίχνει φως σε μία σημαντική προσωπικότητα της εποχής και τις απόψεις του σχετικά με την παιδεία και την εκπαίδευση, πολλές εκ των οποίων υφίστανται έως και σήμερα.
description: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the "ideal" of the sacred Photius, an ideal that stems from his multifaceted work, his political stance and his interdisciplinarity. His approach, at the heart of this renaissance dubbed "the first Byzantine humanism", is therefore essentially cultural in nature as it aims to transmit a literary heritage. Encyclopedism, characteristic of how Byzantine scholars perceived knowledge, is reflected in this work. In conclusion, the work through the analysis of his writing sheds light on an important personality of the time and his views on education and education, many of which exist until today.
An optimization methodology for turbines driven by pulsed detonation combustors
Creators: name: Asli, Majid
name: Stathopoulos, Panagiotis
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: design
subject: optimization
subject: turbines
subject: entropy
subject: pressure
subject: flow
subject: explosions
subject: blades
subject: simulation
subject: combustion chambers

description: A step change in efficiency of gas turbine technology and, subsequently, an emissions reduction from this technology requires conceptual changes. Substituting conventional combustion chambers with pressure gain combustion in the form of pulsed detonation combustion (PDC) is one of the promising methods that can reduce gas turbine emissions significantly. Nevertheless, the component matching for the respective systems and specifically that of turbine expanders working with the exhaust flow of PDC tubes is still not solved. The unsteady nature of PDC exhaust flow makes three-dimensional-computational fluid dynamics simulations too expensive to be applied in optimization loops in early design stages. To address this question, this paper introduces a new cost-effective but reliable methodology for turbine analysis and optimization, based on the unsteady exhaust flow of pulsed detonation combustors. The methodology unitizes a robust unsteady one-dimensional solver, a meanline performance analysis, and an adaptive surrogate optimization algorithm. A two-stage axial turbine is optimized considering all unsteady flow features of a hydrogen–air PDC configuration with five PDC tubes. A three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier stocks (URANS) simulation is performed for the optimized geometry and the baseline to evaluate the methodology. The results showed that the optimized turbine produces 16% lower entropy than the original one. Additionally, the turbine output power is increased by 14% by the optimized design. Based on the results, it is concluded that the approach is fast and reliable enough to be applied in optimizing any turbine working with unsteady flows, more specifically in PDC applications.
Allelic Heterogeneity at the CRP Locus Identified by Whole-Genome Sequencing in Multi-ancestry Cohorts
Creators: name: Gaynor, S.M.
name: Lee, S.
name: Lee, J.
name: Yanek, L.R.
name: Correa, A.
name: Metcalf, G.A.
name: Rotter, J.I.
name: TOPMed Inflammation Working Group
name: Kowalski, M.H.
name: Mohlke, K.L.
name: Kral, B.G.
name: Seo, D., , Rockville, MD 20850, United States
name: Dupuis, J.
name: Cruz, P.
name: Bis, J.C.
name: Tracy, R.P.
name: Lange, L.A.
name: Park, C.J.,
name: Comellas, A.P.
name: Larson, M.G.
name: Raffield, L.M.
name: Lin, X.
name: Pankratz, N.
name: Polfus, L.M.
name: Jain, D.
name: Gogarten, S.M.
name: Benjamin, E.J.
name: Muzny, D.M.
name: Kim, R.W., , Rockville, MD 20850, United States
name: Zhong, X.
name: Durda, P.
name: Choi, W.J.
name: Mitchell, B.D.
name: Iyengar, A.K.
name: Zhao, L.P.
name: Bowler, R.
name: Rich, S.S.
name: Reiner, A.P.
name: Ryan, K.
name: Spracklen, C.N.
name: Doddapaneni, H.
name: NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium
name: Viaud-Martinez, K.A.
name: Wang, B.
name: Momin, Z.
name: Li, B.
name: Laurie, C.
name: Salimi, S.
name: Cade, B.E.
name: Li, Y.
name: Lewis, J.P.
name: Auer, P.L.
Publisher: name: Cell Press
Year: 2020

description: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) can improve assessment of low-frequency and rare variants, particularly in non-European populations that have been underrepresented in existing genomic studies. The genetic determinants of C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of chronic inflammation, have been extensively studied, with existing genome-wide association studies (GWASs) conducted in >200,000 individuals of European ancestry. In order to discover novel loci associated with CRP levels, we examined a multi-ancestry population (n = 23,279) with WGS (∼38× coverage) from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program. We found evidence for eight distinct associations at the CRP locus, including two variants that have not been identified previously (rs11265259 and rs181704186), both of which are non-coding and more common in individuals of African ancestry (∼10% and ∼1% minor allele frequency, respectively, and rare or monomorphic in 1000 Genomes populations of East Asian, South Asian, and European ancestry). We show that the minor (G) allele of rs181704186 is associated with lower CRP levels and decreased transcriptional activity and protein binding in vitro, providing a plausible molecular mechanism for this African ancestry-specific signal. The individuals homozygous for rs181704186-G have a mean CRP level of 0.23 mg/L, in contrast to individuals heterozygous for rs181704186 with mean CRP of 2.97 mg/L and major allele homozygotes with mean CRP of 4.11 mg/L. This study demonstrates the utility of WGS in multi-ethnic populations to drive discovery of complex trait associations of large effect and to identify functional alleles in noncoding regulatory regions.
Supplementary Results from Nasal airflow engages central olfactory processing and shapes olfactory percepts
Creators: name: Fangshu Yao
name: Yuting Ye
name: Zhou, Wen
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Results from a supplementary experiment and a supplementary analysis of data from Experiments 1-4
Today’s Older Adults Are Cognitively Fitter Than Older Adults Were 20 Years Ago, but When and How They Decline Is No Different Than in the Past
Creators: name: Gerstorf, Denis
name: Ram, Nilam
name: Drewelies, Johanna
name: Duezel, Sandra
name: Eibich, Peter
name: Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth
name: Liebig, Stefan
name: Goebel, Jan
name: Demuth, Ilja
name: Villringer, Arno
name: Wagner, Gert G.
name: Lindenberger, Ulman
name: Ghisletta, Paolo
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: cohort
subject: cognitive ability
subject: individual differences
subject: sociocultural factors
subject: historical change
subject: Berlin Aging Studies
subject: 150 Psychologie

description: History-graded increases in older adults’ levels of cognitive performance are well documented, but little is known about historical shifts in within-person change: cognitive decline and onset of decline. We combined harmonized perceptual-motor speed data from independent samples recruited in 1990 and 2010 to obtain 2,008 age-matched longitudinal observations (M = 78 years, 50% women) from 228 participants in the Berlin Aging Study (BASE) and 583 participants in the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II). We used nonlinear growth models that orthogonalized within- and between-person age effects and controlled for retest effects. At age 78, the later-born BASE-II cohort substantially outperformed the earlier-born BASE cohort (d = 1.20; 25 years of age difference). Age trajectories, however, were parallel, and there was no evidence of cohort differences in the amount or rate of decline and the onset of decline. Cognitive functioning has shifted to higher levels, but cognitive decline in old age appears to proceed similarly as it did two decades ago.
Modeling responses to alarm systems: A drift diffusion model approach
Creators: name: Rieger, Tobias
name: Koob, Valentin
name: Parnassa, Tomer
name: Manzey, Dietrich
name: Meyer, Joachim
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: alarm systems
subject: drift diffusion model
subject: human decision-making
subject: cognitive mechanisms
subject: binary decision tasks

description: In numerous applications, alarm systems play an important role, supporting human decision-making. So far, however, little research dealt with the cognitive mechanisms that are at play in alarm-supported decision-making. In the present study, we aim to disentangle underlying cognitive mechanisms by using drift diffusion modeling. The results showed that going beyond standard approaches of analyzing alarm-system supported binary decision tasks can reveal results unlikely to be captured otherwise. That is, the analyses revealed that the alarm system’s output biased the decision-making process, requiring less evidence to be sampled for agreeing with the system than for disagreeing with the system. Moreover, evidence was accumulated faster on correct than on incorrect alarm system recommendations. Thus, the present results point to promising directions for gaining a more fine-grained picture of automation supported decision making.
Trust towards human vs. automated agents: Using a multidimensional trust questionnaire to assess the role of performance, utility, purpose, and transparency
Creators: name: Roesler, Eileen
name: Rieger, Tobias
name: Manzey, Dietrich
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: automated agents
subject: multidimensional trust questionnaire
subject: automated systems
subject: trust
subject: humans

description: In various domains, humans are supported by automated systems. Earlier research has suggested that trust in automated agents differs from trust in other humans. The present studies aimed at taking a multi-dimensional look at effects on trust towards automation and humans. To this end, we conducted two studies to empirically validate a multi-dimensional trust questionnaire to assess performance, utility, purpose, and transparency subdimensions of trust (Study 1, N = 160) and to study experimental effects of support agent (i.e., human vs. decision support system) and failure experience (i.e., none vs. one; Study 2, N = 181). The expected factor structure was confirmed. Moreover, the results showed that being supported by a human mostly impacted the performance subscale. In sum, the findings illustrate the importance to study trust not only uni-dimensionally but to consider different subdimensions, particularly as a single-item trust measurement was mostly correlated to performance and utility subscales.
The green line : 40 years of division in Cyprus: the issue of displaced persons’ property related rights
Creators: name: Zehetmaier, Carina
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: ethnic conflict
internally displaced persons
right to property
Cyprus

description: Second semester University: University of Nottingham.
description: In Cyprus, the ethnic conflict between Greek and Turkish Cypriots has a long history. Especially, during the clashes in 1963/64 and the Greek coup d’état and the subsequent Turkish invasion in 1974, more than 220,000 Cypriots (half of the Turkish Cypriots and one quarter of the Greek Cypriots) had been internally displaced. After Turkey occupied northern Cyprus, Greek Cypriots were transferred from the north to the south and Turkish Cypriots from the south to the north. This transfer of populations led to the creation of ethnically homogenised zones, divided by the so-called “green line”. The way the Turkish Cypriots leadership dealt with the abandoned Greek Cypriot properties in the north resulted in a multitude of Greek Cypriot applications - all claiming a violation of their right to property and home under the Convention - before the ECtHR. The issue of displaced persons’ right to return to their homes and properties is one of the most complicated issues in elaborating a settlement agreement for the conflict in Cyprus. Until today, more than 50 years after the first UN peacekeeping mission was placed in Cyprus, 47 years of peace talks and more than 40 years of division of the island, the Cyprus conflict has still not been solved.
Systematic study of one-loop realizations of $d=7$ long-range $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay operators
Creators: name: Chen, Ping-Tao
name: Ding, Gui-Jun
name: Yao, Chang-Yuan
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: neutrino, mass
neutrino, Majorana, mass
operator, decay
decay, model
neutrino, Majorana
long-range
external field
quantum number
topology

description: We study the systematical one-loop decomposition of the dimension-7 long-range $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay operators. We find that there are 3 genuine one-loop topologies and 8 diagrams. The procedure to determine the SM quantum number assignments for both internal and external fields is presented. The Majorana neutrino mass in long-range $0\nu\beta\beta$ models is discussed. We also present a one-loop $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay model which produces Majorana neutrino mass at three-loop level. The phenomenological predictions for light neutrino mass and $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay half-life time including both mass mechanism and long-range contribution are studied.
Fully parameter-free calculation of optical spectra for insulators, semiconductors and metals from a simple polarization functional
Creators: name: Berger, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a fully parameter-free density-functional approach for the accurate description of optical absorption spectra of insulators, semiconductors and metals. We show that this can be achieved within time-dependent current-density-functional theory using a simple dynamical polarization functional. We derive this functional from physical principles that govern optical spectra. Our method is truly predictive because not a single parameter is used. In particular, we do not use an \textit{ad-hoc} material-dependent broadening parameter to compare theory to experiment as is usually done. Our approach is numerically efficient; the cost equals that of a calculation within the random-phase approximation.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Klimatische Entwicklungen in Bremen am Beispiel von Langzeit-Lufttemperaturveränderungen Teil I: Heizperiode (Oktober bis April)
Creators: name: Schwarz, Timmy
Publisher: name: Hochschule Bremen
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Wärmewende
subject: Heizperiode
subject: Klimaanpassung
subject: Klimawandel
subject: Wintertemperaturen
subject: Energiewende
subject: 500

description: Mit frei verfügbaren Stationswerten des Deutschen Wetterdienstes (DWD) wurden Mittelwerte der Lufttemperaturen in Bremen für die Heizperioden (jeweils 01. Oktober bis 30. April eines Folgejahres) im Zeitraum 1900 bis 2022 gebildet. Anhand dieser Werte wurde im aktuellen 30-jährigen Mittel (1993 bis 2022) ein signifikanter Anstieg der Durchschnittstemperaturen der Heizperioden gegenüber früheren Zeitreihen festgestellt. Dieser Trend ist für aktuelle wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen und Planungen in Bezug auf die "Wärmewende" (Transformation des Sektors) relevant, da er neben anderen technischen Faktoren Auswirkungen auf die Auslegung entsprechender Anlagen hat.
Optimal Quantum State Tomography with Noisy Gates - Supplemental Material: Code and Data
Creators: name: Ivanova-Rohling, Violeta N.
name: Rohling, Niklas
name: Burkard, Guido
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Here we provide the code and data for the paper "Optimal Quantum State Tomography with Noisy Gates". The files include the following I. One-qubit quantum state tomography (QST) II. Formulating the optimization problem for two qubits III. Parameterized quorums IV. Fidelity of reconstruction for two qubits by simulating QST V. Exploratory analysis for two qubits
Classical vs Quantum Eikonal Scattering and its Causal Structure
Creators: name: Bellazzini, Brando
name: Isabella, Giulia
name: Riva, Massimiliano Maria
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: scattering: eikonal
correction: quantum
gravitation: fundamental constant
approximation: classical
photon: scattering
scattering: gravitation
gravitation: interaction
higher-order: 1
fundamental constant: fine structure
field theory: scalar
causality
angular momentum
isometry
nonlinear
spin
SU(2)
time delay
rotation

description: We study the eikonal scattering of two gravitationally interacting bodies, in the regime of large angular momentum and large center of mass energy. We show that eikonal exponentiation of the scattering phase matrix is a direct consequence of the group contraction $SU(2)\to ISO(2)$, from rotations to the isometries of the plane, in the large angular momentum limit. We extend it to all orders in the scattering angle, and for all masses and spins. The emergence of the classical limit is understood in terms of the continuous-spin representations admitted by $ISO(2)$. We further investigate the competing classical vs quantum corrections to the leading classical eikonal scattering, and find several interesting examples where quantum corrections are more important than Post-Minkowskian's. As a case of study, we analyse the scattering of a photon off a massless neutral scalar field, up to next-to-leading order in the Newton constant, and to leading order in the fine structure constant. We investigate the causal structure of the eikonal regime and establish an infinite set of non-linear positivity bounds, of which positivity of time delay is the simplest.
Das Rollenspiel als Methode der qualitativen Sozialforschung. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen.
Creators: name: Stahlke, Iris
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Rollenspiel
subject: Qualitative Sozialforschung
subject: Alltagsbewusstsein
subject: 150

description: Eignet sich das Verfahren Rollenspiel als Methode der qualitativen Sozialforschung? Und wenn ja, welche Erkenntnisse können durch die Anwendung dieses Verfahrens gewonnen werden? Das Rollenspiel bietet die Möglichkeit, unbewußte und gruppendynamische Prozesse in ihrer Bedeutung für die Gestaltung und Ausprägung von Interaktionen zu erfassen. Es verhilft dazu, die rollenspezifischen Erfahrungen der Teilnehmenden mit dem Themenfed in ihren charakteristischen Merkmalen auszudrücken. In einer themenbezogenen Ausdehnung der Erhebung enes Gegenstandes mittels Rollenspiel auf verschiedene soziale Gruppen können somit kollektive Erfahrungen, die das Alltagsbewusstsein formen, aufgenommen werden. Das Rollenspiel als Erhebungsmethode erweist sich als besonders effektiv in Verbindung mt der Auswertungsmethode der tiefenhermeneutischen Textinterpretation.
Meditating for the Planet: Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Sustainable Consumption Behaviors
Creators: name: Geiger, Sonja M.
name: Fischer, Daniel
name: Schrader, Ulf
name: Grossman, Paul
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften
subject: mindfulness
subject: sustainable consumption
subject: pro-environmental behavior
subject: attitude–behavior gap
subject: material values
subject: well-being
subject: intervention study

description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
description: Recent research suggests that mindfulness may foster sustainable consumption behavior through the reduction of the so-called attitude–behavior gap, or by weakening material values while increasing subjective well-being. The current controlled longitudinal study tested these propositions by employing a sustainability-adapted mindfulness-based intervention (sMBI) to two different samples (n = 60 university students; n = 71 employees). Although the intervention successfully enhanced mindful experiences in both samples, we found no evidence for neither direct effects on sustainable consumption behavior or related attitudes, nor for the reduction of the attitude–behavior gap. However, the intervention led to greater well-being in the student sample and suggested a decline of materialistic value orientations in both samples. The results blunt previous claims about potential causal effects of mindfulness practice on sustainable consumption behavior. Nevertheless, they indicate that the sMBI affects behavior-distal variables, such as material values and well-being, which in turn could influence consumption behavior in the long run.
CalcOPP: a program for the calculation of one-particle potentials (OPPs)
Creators: name: Wiedemann, Dennis
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: activation energy
subject: ion migration
subject: maximum entropy method
subject: neutron diffraction
subject: probability density function

description: In recent years, one-particle potentials (OPPs) derived from neutron-diffraction data have become a popular means to estimate activation energies of ion migration in solids. Computer programs for their calculation, however, have mostly been private in-house solutions. The software CalcOPP presented herein permits calculating two- or three-dimensional OPPs either from probability density functions put out by the crystallographic suite Jana2006/ Jana2020 (including error maps) or from scattering-density maps reconstructed using the maximum entropy method (MEM) implementation Dysnomia. The title program is open-source, written in modern free-form Fortran and Python 3, and available free of charge under the permissive MIT License. Executables are published for 64-bit Microsoft Windows and Linux platforms and can be controlled via an intuitive graphical user interface or via command-line interface. Depending on the kind of input, CalcOPP’s output is readily visualized with standard crystallographic software or plotting applications. The release of the program not only makes the rather powerful OPP method more transparent, but it also opens it up to a broader, less programming-oriented public.
A New Liver Expression Quantitative Trait Locus Map From 1,183 Individuals Provides Evidence for Novel Expression Quantitative Trait Loci of Drug Response, Metabolic, and Sex-Biased Phenotypes
Creators: name: Etheridge, A.S.
name: Schadt, E.
name: Gallins, P.J.
name: Jima, D.
name: Zhou, Y.
name: Schuetz, E.
name: Innocenti, F.
name: Ratain, M.J.
name: Schroder, A.
name: Wright, F.A.
name: Mohlke, K.L.
name: Molony, C.
name: Broadaway, K.A.
Publisher: name: Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2020

description: Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) studies in human liver are crucial for elucidating how genetic variation influences variability in disease risk and therapeutic outcomes and may help guide strategies to obtain maximal efficacy and safety of clinical interventions. Associations between expression microarray and genome-wide genotype data from four human liver eQTL studies (n = 1,183) were analyzed. More than 2.3 million cis-eQTLs for 15,668 genes were identified. When eQTLs were filtered against a list of 1,496 drug response genes, 187,829 cis-eQTLs for 1,191 genes were identified. Additionally, 1,683 sex-biased cis-eQTLs were identified, as well as 49 and 73 cis-eQTLs that colocalized with genome-wide association study signals for blood metabolite or lipid levels, respectively. Translational relevance of these results is evidenced by linking DPYD eQTLs to differences in safety of chemotherapy, linking the sex-biased regulation of PCSK9 expression to anti-lipid therapy, and identifying the G-protein coupled receptor GPR180 as a novel drug target for hypertriglyceridemia.
F-number and focal length of light field systems: a comparative study of field of view, light efficiency, signal to noise ratio, and depth of field
Creators: name: Ihrke, Ivo
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Siegen
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: Light field imaging system
subject: Focal ratio
subject: Plenoptische Funktion
subject: Blende
subject: Optisches System

description: The paper discusses the light efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of light field imaging systems in comparison to classical 2D imaging, which necessitates the definition of focal length and f-number. A comparison framework between 2D imaging and arbitrary light field imaging systems is developed and exemplified for the kaleidoscopic and the afocal light field imaging architectures. Since the f-number, in addition to the light efficiency of the system, is conceptually linked to the depth-of-field, an appropriate depth-of-field interpretation for light field systems is discussed as well.
Biosensing with a scanning planar Yagi-Uda antenna
Creators: name: Soltani, Navid
name: Rabbany Esfahany, Elham
name: Druzhinin, Sergey I.
name: Schulte, Gregor
name: Müller, Julian
name: Butz, Benjamin
name: Schönherr, Holger
name: Agio, Mario
name: Markešević, Nemanja
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Siegen
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: Biosensing
subject: Yagi-Uda antenna
subject: Yagi-Antenne
subject: Richtstrahler
subject: Biosensor
subject: Fluoreszenz

description: We investigate a model bioassay in a liquid environment using a z-scanning planar Yagi-Uda antenna, focusing on the fluorescence collection enhancement of ATTO-647N dye conjugated to DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules. The antenna changes the excitation and the decay rates and, more importantly, the emission pattern of ATTO-647N, resulting in a narrow emission angle (41°) and improved collection efficiency. We efficiently detect immobilized fluorescently-labeled DNA molecules, originating from solutions with DNA concentrations down to 1 nM. In practice, this corresponds to an ensemble of fewer than 10 ATTO-647N labeled DNA molecules in the focal area. Even though we use only one type of biomolecule and one immobilization technique to establish the procedure, our method is versatile and applicable to any immobilized, dye-labeled biomolecule in a transparent solid, air, or liquid environment.
Named Entity Recognition and Knowledge Linkage
Creators: name: Baum, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: NER
Knowledge Linkage
Wikidata
Interlinking Pictura
Friedrich Justin Bertuch
Bilderbuch für Kinder
Konvens 2022
NLP

description: Abstract Named entity recognition (NER) is an important method for Natural Language Processing. In this work, the Named Entity Recognition model FLERT XLM-R by Schweter and Akbik (2021) is investigated with respect to Bertuch (1790) Bilderbuch für Kinder (1790- 1830). The objective is to successfully apply the model for recognizing named entities of the book Bilderbuch für Kinder and to link the recognized entities to corresponding Wiki- data items. Achieving this undertaking leads to linking the entities to the current knowledge of the Wikidata database and gives researchers the opportunity to gain further knowledge in the historical education field. To achieve this goal, the author of this paper developed a data curation pipeline, starting with the extraction of named entities, followed by the creation of a gold-standard validated with the Inter- Annotator Agreement (IAA). The result of the extracted entities has been approved using F-measure and was processed through OpenRefine. The delineated procedure can be used to create similar knowledge linkages. More Information Jonathan Baum, Information Scientist Website: jobaum.page
 Mail: jonathan (dot) baum (at) stud.h-da.de Information Science in Darmstadt, Germany: https://sis.h-da.de/
 Information Science Contents: https://h-da.de/information-science/
The present and future of diversity in astronomy
Creators: name: Frost, Abigail J.
name: Rungployphan Kieokaew
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: diversity
astronomy
astrophysics
minorities
women in science
equity
equality

description: Astronomy is a far-reaching field, with the marvels of space inspiring people of all ages all across the world. While an interest in astronomy is present across all groups of people, this is not represented on a professional level, with representation from minority groups dwindling the further up the career path you go. Improving diversity within fields and institutions has been shown to have positive effects (Nielsen et al. 2018, Nature Hum Behav 2, 726-734) and as such when looking to the future of astronomy it is in the field's benefit to discuss what we can do. In this talk, on behalf of the organisation IDEEA (Inclusion, Diversity and Equity in European Astronomy), I will discuss the current state of diversity in our field and how changes to hiring practices and other actions can assist with improving diversity in astronomy in the future.
title: Ambiguous loss
Creators: name: Vaswani, Nina
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2018

description: Loss is an inescapable part of human existence, but we know that vulnerable or marginalised groups of children experience higher rates of loss and bereavement than the general population. Children who are cared for in placements outside of the family home are also more likely to experience ambiguous loss, which is when a loss remains unclear and without closure. Ambiguous losses can be 'physical' e.g. an absent parent, or 'psychological' e.g. a parent who is emotionally unavailable due to substance misuse. Ambiguous loss is less often recognised than bereavement and often goes unsupported, thereby leading to an increased risk of prolonged distress, poor outcomes and disenfranchised grief. It is therefore important that childcare workers are aware of the presence and impact of ambiguous loss in the lives of children that they work with. This paper will describe these concepts and consider the implications for residential childcare practice.
DrugEx pretrained model (graph-based; RECAP; Papyrus 05.5)
Creators: name: Béquignon, Olivier J. M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: deep learning
reinforcement learning
policy gradient
drug design
transformer
multi-objective optimization
pretrained model
Papyrus dataset

description: This graph-model was built with version v3.4.0-dev1 of DrugEx. The dataset used to build this model was Papyrus version 05.5.
 The fragmentation used for this model was RECAP (instead of the default being BRICS).
 Parameters and command lines used to prepare the data and fit the model are included.
PREGNANCIES COMPLICATED BY PRETERM DELIVERY AND HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY.
Creators: name: Ismoilova, M.Z.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In Asia, about 20-25 percent of pregnancies are  complicated by preterm delivery,  10-18 per cent of pregnancies are affected by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and more than 16-19 per cent of pregnancies end as pre-term delivery. Pregnancy is a critical reproductive event for women, with substantial life-long health implications.
DrugEx pretrained model (SMILES-based; RECAP; Papyrus 05.5)
Creators: name: Béquignon, Olivier J. M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: deep learning
reinforcement learning
policy gradient
drug design
transformer
multi-objective optimization
pretrained model
Papyrus dataset

description: This SMILES transformer model was built with version v3.4.0-dev1 of DrugEx. The dataset used to build this model was Papyrus version 05.5.
 The fragmentation used for this model was RECAP (instead of the default being BRICS).
 Parameters and command lines used to prepare the data and fit the model are included.
Traversable Wormholes and Classical Scalar Fields
Creators: name: Butcher, Luke M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I prove that general relativity admits no asymptotically well-behaved static spherically symmetric traversable wormholes supported by classical scalar fields and nonexotic matter. The theorem holds for all values of the scalar field curvature coupling parameter $ξ$, even though fields with $ξ>0$ are capable of violating the average null energy condition. Good asymptotic behaviour (the effective Newton's constant being positive and finite at both ends of the wormhole) can only be achieved by introducing additional exotic matter, which must itself violate the null energy condition over some region of nonzero volume. These results are insensitive to the number of scalar fields, the form of their potentials, and the coupling between the fields and the additional matter.
description: 6 pages; published version
Assessing exposure effects on gene expression
Creators: name:  Mohlke, K.L.
name:  Civelek, M.
name:  Hudgens, M.G.
name:  Love, M.I.
name: Reifeis, S.A.
Publisher: name: Wiley-Liss Inc.
Year: 2020

description: In observational genomics data sets, there is often confounding of the effect of an exposure on gene expression. To adjust for confounding when estimating the exposure effect, a common approach involves including potential confounders as covariates with the exposure in a regression model of gene expression. However, when the exposure and confounders interact to influence gene expression, the fitted regression model does not necessarily estimate the overall effect of the exposure. Using inverse probability weighting (IPW) or the parametric g-formula in these instances is straightforward to apply and yields consistent effect estimates. IPW can readily be integrated into a genomics data analysis pipeline with upstream data processing and normalization, while the g-formula can be implemented by making simple alterations to the regression model. The regression, IPW, and g-formula approaches to exposure effect estimation are compared herein using simulations; advantages and disadvantages of each approach are explored. The methods are applied to a case study estimating the effect of current smoking on gene expression in adipose tissue.
A fuller description of the results and more transparency on the modeling process and results from Coastal sharks supply the global shark fin trade
Creators: name: Houtan, Kyle S. Van
name: Gagné, Tyler O.
name: Reygondeau, Gabriel
name: Kisei R. Tanaka
name: Palumbi, Stephen R.
name: Jorgensen, Salvador J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60301 Animal Systematics and Taxonomy
subject: 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy

description: Progress in global shark conservation has been limited by constraints to understanding the species composition and geographic origins of the shark fin trade. Previous assessments that relied on earlier genetic techniques and official trade records focused on abundant pelagic species traded between Europe and Asia. Here, we combine recent advances in DNA barcoding and species distribution modelling to identify the species and source the geographic origin of fins sold at market. Derived models of species environmental niches indicated that shark fishing effort was concentrated within Exclusive Economic Zones, mostly in coastal Australia, Indonesia, the United States, Brazil, Mexico and Japan. By coupling two distinct tools, barcoding and niche modelling, our results provide new insights for monitoring and enforcement. They suggest stronger local controls of coastal fishing may help regulate the unsustainable global trade in shark fins.
Ελαττωματικές αποφάσεις της συνέλευσης των εταίρων της ΕΠΕ: συγκριτική θεώρηση με τις λοιπές κεφαλαιουχικές εταιρίες
Creators: name: Κωνσταντάκου Aγνή Ηλία
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2024
Subjects: Κεφαλαιουχικές Εταιρίες
Ελαττωματικές αποφάσεις
Ακυρώσιμες, άκυρες και ανυπόστατες αποφάσεις
Capital companies
Defective decision-making
Voidable, invalid and non-existent decisions

description: Πρωταρχικός σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας ήταν η μελέτη των ελαττωματικών αποφάσεων της συνέλευσης των εταίρων της ΕΠΕ. Αρχικά, αναφερθήκαμε στη συνέλευση των εταίρων ως το ανώτατο όργανο της ΕΠΕ και στον τρόπο και τις προϋποθέσεις που αυτή λειτουργεί και λαμβάνει αποφάσεις. Έπειτα, παρουσιάσαμε τη ρύθμιση του άρθρου 15 παρ. 1 ν. 3190/1955, το οποίο αναφέρεται στην περίπτωση της ακυρωσίας, η οποία προβάλλεται ως ο κανόνας όταν έχουμε ελαττωματικές αποφάσεις στην ΕΠΕ και ασχοληθήκαμε με τον τρόπο προβολής της ακυρωσίας και την περιπτωσιολογία της. Ακολούθως, έγινε διάκριση με την περίπτωση της αυτοδίκαιης ακυρότητας των αποφάσεων της συνέλευσης των εταίρων, είδαμε τον τρόπο προβολής της, ενώ παρατέθηκε και περιπτωσιολογία. Τέλος, έγινε σύντομη αναφορά και στην περίπτωση του ανυπόστατου των αποφάσεων. Στη συνέχεια, έγινε συγκριτική επισκόπηση με τους άλλους δύο τύπους κεφαλαιουχικών εταιριών, την Ανώνυμη Εταιρία και την Ιδιωτική Κεφαλαιουχική Εταιρία, όπου αναλύθηκαν οι βασικές αρχές που ισχύουν εκεί για την περίπτωση των ελαττωματικών αποφάσεων και έγινε μία σύγκριση ανάμεσα στην ΕΠΕ και τους δύο αυτούς εταιρικούς τύπους (ΑΕ και ΙΚΕ)
description: The primary aim of the present thesis was the study of the defective decision-making of the General Meeting in the Limited Company (ΕΠΕ). Firstly, we referred to the General Meeting of the Limited Company as the highest decision-making body and to its operating terms. We, then, presented the regulation of article 15 par. 1 of the legal act 3190/1955, referring to voidable decisions, which are the norm in the defective decision-making in the Limited Company and we examined relevant case studies. Subsequently, a distinction was made between voidable and invalid decisions of the General Meeting of the Limited Company and we examined case studies of invalid decisions. A brief reference was also made to non-existent decisions. Afterwards, we presented a comparative overview with the other two types of capital companies, the Joint Stock Company (AE) and the Private Capital Company (IKE), where we analyzed the basic principles that apply there to the case of defective decisions and we performed a comparison between the Limited Company and these two types of companies (AE and IKE)
title: Post-Eruptive Maturation of Dental Enamel: Development of an in vitro Model
Creators: name: Miles, EM
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2017

description: Dental caries is a highly prevalent chronic disease, the treatment of which, forms a significant financial burden. Furthermore, due to the invasive nature and relatively high long-term failure rate of established treatments, focus has been placed on effective prevention strategies in order to instead circumvent the problem before it occurs. Prevalence of dental caries is particularly high in adolescents due to the increased susceptibility of newly erupted teeth to acid dissolution. A transient vulnerability that is gradually lost with time through a post-eruptive maturation process. Post-eruptive maturation (PEM) refers to chemical and physical changes that occur in the outer enamel layers following exposure of newly erupted teeth to the oral environment. Whilst little is known about the underlying mechanism, it is believed to be a result of the natural fluctuation between de- and remineralising states within the oral cavity. To date, most literature regarding PEM places focus on measuring the outcomes of the process (Which include increased surface hardness, decreased porosity and a decrease in susceptibility to acid dissolution) as opposed to investigating the reasoning behind such changes. One reason for this focus is the difficulties faced when initially approaching the study of PEM, as there is currently no established model or protocol for recreating the process in vitro. In order to address this problem, the current work outlines the development process of a proposed pH-cycling model for use in the study of PEM. The efficacy of the model was initially assessed though its ability to reduce acid dissolution and then also through its effect on surface microhardness. The often speculated role of repeated sub-clinical caries events as the basis to PEM was confirmed through the observation of significantly reduced mineral loss in enamel previously exposed to plaque-fluid-relevant pH-cycling conditions. Further to this, the ability of Fluoride, Zinc and Strontium to supplement this effect was demonstrated, in addition their ability to replicate the increased surface microhardness observed during PEM. The 20-day, plaque-fluid-relevant, pH-cycling model proposed within this work has the potential to allow much greater insight into the underlying chemical mechanisms underpinning PEM, particularly the potential incorporation of ions such as F and Zn, in addition to allowing the testing and identification of agents to enhance the observed effects. As such, this work provides a much-needed springboard from which the clinical potential of PEM can be unlocked.
Genetic variant effects on gene expression in human pancreatic islets and their implications for T2D
Creators: name: Krus, U.
name: Bennett, A.
name: Scott, L.J.
name: Prasad, R.B.
name: McCarthy, M.I.
name: Dermitzakis, E.T.
name: Orchard, P.
name: Manning Fox, J.E.
name: Nylander, V.
name: van de Bunt, M.
name: Howald, C.
name: Panousis, N.I.
name: Vadlamudi, S.
name: Fadista, J.
name: Erdos, M.R.
name: Varshney, A.
name: Hatem, G.
name: Asplund, O.
name: Mohlke, K.L.
name: Viñuela, A.
name: Groop, L.
name: Stitzel, M.L.
name: Boehnke, M.
name: Iyengar, A.K.
name: Payne, A.
name: Brown, A.A.
name: MacDonald, P.E.
name: Mahajan, A.
name: Welch, R.
name: Collins, F.S.
name: Johnson, P.
name: Narisu, N.
name: Oskolkov, N.
name: Parker, S.C.J.
name: Gloyn, A.L.
name: Hansson, O.
Publisher: name: Nature Research
Year: 2020

description: Most signals detected by genome-wide association studies map to non-coding sequence and their tissue-specific effects influence transcriptional regulation. However, key tissues and cell-types required for functional inference are absent from large-scale resources. Here we explore the relationship between genetic variants influencing predisposition to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related glycemic traits, and human pancreatic islet transcription using data from 420 donors. We find: (a) 7741 cis-eQTLs in islets with a replication rate across 44 GTEx tissues between 40% and 73%; (b) marked overlap between islet cis-eQTL signals and active regulatory sequences in islets, with reduced eQTL effect size observed in the stretch enhancers most strongly implicated in GWAS signal location; (c) enrichment of islet cis-eQTL signals with T2D risk variants identified in genome-wide association studies; and (d) colocalization between 47 islet cis-eQTLs and variants influencing T2D or glycemic traits, including DGKB and TCF7L2. Our findings illustrate the advantages of performing functional and regulatory studies in disease relevant tissues.