cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Visualizing the (Causal) Effect of a Continuous Variable on a Time-To-Event Outcome
Creators: name: Denz, Robin
name: Timmesfeld, Nina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Visualization is a key aspect of communicating the results of any study aiming to estimate causal effects. In studies with time-to-event outcomes, the most popular visualization approach is depicting survival curves stratified by the variable of interest. This approach cannot be used when the variable of interest is continuous. Simple workarounds, such as categorizing the continuous covariate and plotting survival curves for each category, can result in misleading depictions of the main effects. Instead, we propose a new graphic, the survival area plot, to directly depict the survival probability over time and as a function of a continuous covariate simultaneously. This plot utilizes g-computation based on a suitable time-to-event model to obtain the relevant estimates. Through the use of g-computation, those estimates can be adjusted for confounding without additional effort, allowing a causal interpretation under the standard causal identifiability assumptions. If those assumptions are not met, the proposed plot may still be used to depict noncausal associations. We illustrate and compare the proposed graphics to simpler alternatives using data from a large German observational study investigating the effect of the Ankle Brachial Index on survival. To facilitate the usage of these plots, we additionally developed the contsurvplot R-package which includes all methods discussed in this paper.
description: currently under review in "Epidemiology"
Exploring the limits of MEG spatial resolution with multipolar expansions
Creators: name: Wens, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advent of scalp magnetoencephalography (MEG) based on optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) may represent a step change in the field of human electrophysiology. Compared to cryogenic MEG based on superconducting quantum interference devices, scalp MEG promises significantly higher spatial resolution imaging but it also comes with numerous challenges regarding how to optimally design OPM arrays. In this context, we sought to provide a systematic description of MEG spatial resolution as a function of the number of sensors, sensor-to-brain distance, sensor type, and signal-to-noise ratio. To that aim, we present an analytical theory based on MEG multipolar expansions that enables, once supplemented with experimental input and simulations, quantitative assessment of the limits of MEG spatial resolution in terms of two qualitatively distinct regimes. In the regime of asymptotically high-density MEG, we provide a mathematically rigorous description of how magnetic field smoothness constraints spatial resolution to a slow, logarithmic divergence. In the opposite regime of low-density MEG, it is sensor density that constraints spatial resolution to a faster increase following a square-root law. The transition between these two regimes controls how MEG spatial resolution saturates as sensors approach sources of neural activity. This two-regime model of MEG spatial resolution integrates known observations (e.g., the difficulty of improving spatial resolution by increasing sensor density, the gain brought by moving sensors on scalp, or the usefulness of multi-component sensors) and gathers them under a unifying theoretical framework that highlights the underlying physics and reveals properties inaccessible to simulations. We propose that this framework may find useful applications to benchmark the design of future OPM-based scalp MEG systems.
description: v1: 21 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables; v2: 23 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables, 3 appendices, revised text (mathematical theory moved to appendices, additional analysis in section 4.1, and minor edits), published version
Probing resonating valence bonds on a programmable germanium quantum simulator
Creators: name: Wang, Chien-An
name: Déprez, Corentin
name: Tidjani, Hanifa
name: Lawrie, William I. L.
name: Hendrickx, Nico W.
name: Sammak, Amir
name: Scappucci, Giordano
name: Veldhorst, Menno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulations using highly tunable quantum systems may enable investigations of condensed matter systems beyond the capabilities of classical computers. Quantum dots and donors in semiconductor technology define a natural approach to implement quantum simulation. Several material platforms have been used to study interacting charge states, while gallium arsenide has also been used to investigate spin evolution. However, decoherence remains a key challenge in simulating coherent quantum dynamics. Here, we introduce quantum simulation using hole spins in germanium quantum dots. We demonstrate extensive and coherent control enabling the tuning of multi-spin states in isolated, paired, and fully coupled quantum dots. We then focus on the simulation of resonating valence bonds and measure the evolution between singlet product states which remains coherent over many periods. Finally, we realize four-spin states with $s$-wave and $d$-wave symmetry. These results provide means to perform non-trivial and coherent simulations of correlated electron systems.
description: Article main text and Supplementary Information Main text: 9 pages, 5 figures Supplementary Information: 15 pages, 9 figures
Thermal structure of hot non-flaring corona from Hinode/EIS
Creators: name: Petralia, A.
name: Reale, F.
name: Testa, P.
name: Del Zanna, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In previous studies a very hot plasma component has been diagnosed in solar active regions through the images in three different narrow-band channels of SDO/AIA. This diagnostic from EUV imaging data has also been supported by the matching morphology of the emission in the hot Ca XVII line, as observed with Hinode/EIS. This evidence is debated because of unknown distribution of the emission measure along the line of sight. Here we investigate in detail the thermal distribution of one of such regions using EUV spectroscopic data. In an active region observed with SDO/AIA, Hinode/EIS and XRT, we select a subregion with a very hot plasma component and another cooler one for comparison. The average spectrum is extracted for both, and 14 intense lines are selected for analysis, that probe the 5.5 < log T < 7 temperature range uniformly. From these lines the emission measure distributions are reconstructed with the MCMC method. Results are cross-checked with comparison of the two subregions, with a different inversion method, with the morphology of the images, and with the addition of fluxes measured with from narrow and broad-band imagers. We find that, whereas the cool region has a flat and featureless distribution that drops at temperature log T >= 6.3, the distribution of the hot region shows a well-defined peak at log T = 6.6 and gradually decreasing trends on both sides, thus supporting the very hot nature of the hot component diagnosed with imagers. The other cross-checks are consistent with this result. This study provides a completion of the analysis of active region components, and the resulting scenario supports the presence of a minor very hot plasma component in the core, with temperatures log T > 6.6.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication
“This Great Circle of Trade and Navigation": Infrastructure and the Deregulation of the Slave Trade
Creators: name: Roy, Ruhi
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Royal African Company

description: The projection of authority and control into remote parts of the empire was perennially a problem for early modern British politicians, who constantly debated about whether and how it should be done. They sought ways to compensate for the elements of randomness and delay which were inevitably introduced by the technological limitations of the time; solutions and workarounds for these problems were of paramount importance to imperial commentators and figured heavily in their pamphleteering. Proposed solutions were often divided along partisan lines, however, with Tories and Company men emphasizing the importance of forts and deep networks of diplomacy and engagement while Whigs and private traders focused on maximizing shipping volume and profits. Tories aimed to reserve the responsibility for maintenance and upkeep of the African forts in the hands of the Royal African Company, whereas Whigs proposed to transfer those assets to the Crown. This seemingly minor fiscal question was, in fact, a fight over the future of the Empire; both sides were articulating their own ideas about imperial commerce and what it should accomplish. Attention to these contradictory understandings of how the colonies should be administered and what that administration should look like is key to understanding this dispute, its myriad wide-ranging consequences, and the economic history of the empire through the eighteenth century.
Ostrogradsky mode in scalar-tensor theories with higher-order derivative couplings to matter
Creators: name: Naruko, Atsushi
name: Saito, Ryo
name: Tanahashi, Norihiro
name: Yamauchi, Daisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A metric transformation is a tool to find a new theory of gravity beyond general relativity. The gravity action is guaranteed to be free from a dangerous Ostrogradsky mode as long as the metric transformation is regular and invertible. Various degenerate higher-order scalar-tensor theories (DHOST) without extra degrees of freedom have been found through the metric transformation with a scalar field and its derivatives. In this work, we examine how a matter coupling changes the degeneracy for a theory generated from the Horndeski theory through the metric transformation with the second derivative of a scalar field, taking a minimally-coupled free scalar field as the matter field. When the transformation is invertible, this theory is equivalent to the Horndeski theory with a higher-order derivative coupling to the matter scalar field. Working in this Horndeski frame and the unitary gauge, we find that the degeneracy conditions are solvable and the matter metric must have a certain structure to remove the Ostrogradsky mode.
description: 14+4 pages, no figures: published version: A typo in eq. (38) of the first version is corrected. As a result, a broader class of the matter metric becomes consistent with the degeneracy and invertible conditions
Boletín Sociedad Española de Bizantinística (SEB) – nº 44
Creators: name: Signes Codoñer, Juan
name: Pérez Moro, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Publicación no académica de la Sociedad Española de Bizantinística. Nº 44, diciembre de 2023.

Non-academic journal of the Spanish Society of Byzantine Studies. Issue 44, december 2023.
Rydberg dressing: Understanding of collective many-body effects and implications for experiments
Creators: name: Balewski, Jonathan B.
name: Krupp, Alexander T.
name: Gaj, Anita
name: Hofferberth, Sebastian
name: Löw, Robert
name: Pfau, Tilman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strong interaction between Rydberg atoms can be used to control the strength and character of the interatomic interaction in ultracold gases by weakly dressing the atoms with a Rydberg state. Elaborate theoretical proposals for the realization of various complex phases and applications in quantum simulation exist. Also a simple model has been already developed that describes the basic idea of Rydberg dressing in a two-atom basis. However, an experimental realization has been elusive so far. We present a model describing the ground state of a Bose-Einstein condensate dressed with a Rydberg level based on the Rydberg blockade. This approach provides an intuitive understanding of the transition from pure twobody interaction to a regime of collective interactions. Furthermore it enables us to calculate the deformation of a three-dimensional sample under realistic experimental conditions in mean-field approximation. We compare full three-dimensional numerical calculations of the ground state to an analytic expression obtained within Thomas-Fermi approximation. Finally we discuss limitations and problems arising in an experimental realization of Rydberg dressing based on our experimental results. Our work enables the reader to straight forwardly estimate the experimental feasibility of Rydberg dressing in realistic three-dimensional atomic samples.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures
The effect of interdependence on the percolation of interdependent networks
Creators: name: Jiang, J.
name: Li, W.
name: Cai, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Two stochastic models are proposed to generate a system composed of two interdependent scale-free (SF) or Erdős-Rényi (ER) networks where interdependent nodes are connected with exponential or power-law relation, as well as different dependence strength, respectively. Each subnetwork grows through the addition of new nodes with constant accelerating random attachment in the first model but with preferential attachment in the second model. Two subnetworks interact with multi-support and undirectional dependence links. The effect of dependence relations and strength between subnetworks are analyzed in the percolation behavior of fully interdependent networks against random failure, both theoretically and numerically, and as a result, for both relations: interdependent SF networks show a second-order percolation phase transition and increased dependence strength decreases the robustness of the system, whereas, interdependent ER networks show the opposite results. In addition, power-law relation between networks yields greater robustness than exponential one at given dependence strength.
A Fan Beam Model for Radio Pulsars. I. Observational Evidence
Creators: name: Wang, Hong Guang
name: Pi, Fei Peng
name: Zheng, Xiao Ping
name: Deng, Chun Lan
name: Wen, Sai Qin
name: Ye, Feng
name: Guan, Kai Ying
name: Liu, Yi
name: Xu, Li Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel beam model for radio pulsars based on the scenario that the broadband and coherent emission from secondary relativistic particles, as they move along a flux tube in a dipolar magnetic field, forms a radially extended sub-beam with unique properties. The whole radio beam may consist of several sub-beams, forming a fan-shaped pattern. When only one or a few flux tubes are active, the fan beam becomes very patchy. This model differs essentially from the conal beam models in the respects of beam structure and predictions on the relationship between pulse width and impact angle $β$ (the angle between line of sight and magnetic pole) and the relationship between emission intensity and beam angular radius. The evidence for this model comes from the observed patchy beams of precessional binary pulsars and three statistical relationships found for a sample of 64 pulsars, of which $β$ were mostly constrained by fitting polarization position angle data with the Rotation Vector Model. With appropriate assumptions, the fan beam model can reproduce the relationship between 10\% peak pulse width and $|β|$, the anticorrelation between the emission intensity and $|β|$, and the upper boundary line in the scatter plot of $|β|$ versus pulsar distance. An extremely patchy beam model with the assumption of narrowband emission from one or a few flux tubes is studied and found unlikely to be a general model. The implications of the fan beam model to the studies on radio and gamma-ray pulsar populations and radio polarization are discussed.
description: 55 pages, 23 figures, 1 table. To be published in ApJ, 2014, Vol.789
Theory of broken symmetry quantum Hall states in the $N=1$ Landau level of Graphene
Creators: name: Stefanidis, Nikolaos
name: Villadiego, Inti Sodemann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study many-body ground states for the partial integer fillings of the $N=1$ Landau level in graphene, by constructing a model that accounts for the lattice scale corrections to the Coulomb interactions. Interestingly, in contrast to the $N=0$ Landau level, this model contains not only pure delta function interactions but also some of its derivatives. Due to this we find several important differences with respect to the $N=0$ Landau level. For example at quarter filling when only a single component is filled, there is a degeneracy lifting of the quantum hall ferromagnets and ground states with entangled spin and valley degrees of freedom can become favourable. Moreover at half-filling of the $N=1$ Landau level, we have found a new phase that is absent in the $N=0$ Landau level, that combines characteristics of the Kekulé state and an antiferromagnet. We also find that according to the parameters extracted in a recent experiment, at half-filling of the $N=1$ Landau level graphene is expected to be in a delicate competition between an AF and a CDW state, but we also discuss why the models for these recent experiments might be missing some important terms.
CLINICAL RESPONSE AND SAFETY OF MENERGY®, DIETARY SUPPLEMENT CAPSULE (MDSC) FOR MALE SEXUAL LIFE IMPROVEMENT
Creators: name: Khanzada, Ali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 390406
subject: Gender, sexuality and education
classificationCode: 440506
subject: Sexualities
classificationCode: 321301
subject: Adolescent health

description: Background and aim: Male sexuality, a complicated bodily process, is an essential aspect of a man's well-being and happiness. Globally, multiple treatments (allopathic, ayurvedic, and homoeopathic) are available for improving men’s sexual life, however, either they are ineffective or have unfavorable adverse effects that have an impact on a person’s general health. The goal of the current clinical trial was to assess the effects and safety of MENERGY, a dietary supplement capsule (MDSC), on men’s sexual life, vitality, sexual satisfaction, and pleasure during intercourse and enhance libido and improve individual sexual health. Material & Methods: It was a multi-center, prospective study on Pakistani men that was carried out in collaboration with a leading tertiary care facility, Hamdard Institute of Karachi, Pakistan. The study was conducted for six (6) Months from 2nd May 2021 to 31st October 2021. The study inclusion criteria selected 55 married males, 21 years and above, who engaged in frequent sexual activity. The international standard for clinical practice (GCP-E6) was followed in the compilation of the study. The selected subjects were follow-up for 8 weeks treatment (visit -1 and visit -2), requested to complete the design Case Report Form (CRF) on the sexual disorders and respond to the specific questionnaires i.e., SQoL-M for sexual dysfunction and IIEF score for erectile dysfunction. The safety report was recorded in the WHO recommended safety reporting form (CIOMS form I). Results: The study's findings presented a considerable improvement in erection quality, erotica, and mood. Memory, endurance, and anxiety all showed mild to significant improvement. No major adverse events related to medication have been documented. Conclusions: Compared to other accessible Ayurveda, allopathic, and homoeopathic medications, the Menergy (MDSC), which was made up of quality innovative herbal ingredients, vitamins, and minerals, supported men's sexual life, vigour, and wellbeing with negligible adverse effects.
On approximate commutativity of spaces of matrices
Creators: name: Omladič, Matjaž
name: Radjavi, Heydar
name: Šivic, Klemen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: primary 15A27, 15A30 primary 15A27, 15A30, secondary 20G05

description: The maximal dimension of commutative subspaces of $M_n(\mathbb{C})$ is known. So is the structure of such a subspace when the maximal dimension is achieved. We consider extensions of these results and ask the following natural questions: If $V$ is a subspace of $M_n(\mathbb{C})$ and $k$ is an integer less than $n$, such that for every pair $A$ and $B$ of members of $V$, the rank of the commutator $AB - BA$ is at most $k$, then how large can the dimension of $V$ be? If this maximum is achieved, can we determine the structure of $V$? We answer the first question. We also propose a conjecture on the second question which implies, in particular, that such a subspace $V$ has to be an algebra, just as in the known case of $k = 0$. We prove the proposed structure of $V$ if it is already assumed to be an algebra.
description: 17 pages, accepted in Linear Algebra and its Applications
Superparamagnetic and metal-like Ru2TiGe: a propitious thermoelectric material
Creators: name: Mondal, Sanchayita
name: Ghosh, Krishanu
name: Ranganathan, R.
name: Alleno, Eric
name: Mazumdar, Chandan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a study of structural, magnetic, heat capacity and thermoelectric properties of a Rubased Heusler alloy, Ru2TiGe. The magnetic measurements reveal that at higher temperatures, diamagnetic and Pauli paramagnetic contributions dominate the magnetic behaviour whereas, at lower temperatures (T<= 20 K), superparamagnetic interaction among clusters is observed. Effect of such magnetic defects is also evident in the electrical resistivity behaviour at lower temperatures. Though the temperature dependence of resistivity exhibits a metal-like nature, the large value of Seebeck coefficient leads to an appreciable power factor of the order of 1 mW/mK2 at 300 K. Large power factor as well as low thermal conductivity results in a value of ZT = 0.025 at 390 K for Ru2TiGe that is orders of magnitude higher than that of the other pure Heusler alloys and point towards its high potential for practical thermoelectric applications.
The Sybil Attacks and Defenses: A Survey
Creators: name: Mohaisen, Aziz
name: Kim, Joongheon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we have a close look at the Sybil attack and advances in defending against it, with particular emphasis on the recent work. We identify three major veins of literature work to defend against the attack: using trusted certification, using resources testing, and using social networks. The first vein of literature considers defending against the attack using trusted certification, which is done by either centralized certification or distributed certification using cryptographic primitives that can replace the centralized certification entity. The second vein of literature considers defending against the attack by resources testing, which can by in the form of IP testing, network coordinates, recurring cost as by requiring clients to solve puzzles. The third and last vein of literature is by mitigating the attack combining social networks used as bootstrapping security and tools from random walk theory that have shown to be effective in defending against the attack under certain assumptions. Our survey and analyses of the different schemes in the three veins of literature show several shortcomings which form several interesting directions and research questions worthy of investigation.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
Matrix Spherical Functions for $(\mathrm{SU}(n+m),\mathrm{S}(\mathrm{U}(n)\times \mathrm{U}(m)))$: Two Specific Classes
Creators: name: Liu, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the matrix spherical function related to the compact symmetric pair $(G,K)=(\mathrm{SU}(n+m),\mathrm{S}(\mathrm{U}(n)\times\mathrm{U}(m)))$. The irreducible $K$ representations $(π,V)$ in the ${\rm U}(n)$ part are considered and the induced representation $\mathrm{Ind}_K^Gπ$ splits multiplicity free. In this case, the irreducible $K$ representations in the ${\rm U}(n)$ part are studied. The corresponding spherical functions can be approximated in terms of the simpler matrix-valued functions. We can determine the explicit spherical functions using the action of a differential operator. We consider several cases of irreducible $K$ representations and the orthogonality relations are also described.
MRI-based classification of IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion status of gliomas using a 2.5D hybrid multi-task convolutional neural network
Creators: name: Chakrabarty, Satrajit
name: LaMontagne, Pamela
name: Shimony, Joshua
name: Marcus, Daniel S.
name: Sotiras, Aristeidis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and 1p/19q codeletion status are important prognostic markers for glioma. Currently, they are determined using invasive procedures. Our goal was to develop artificial intelligence-based methods to non-invasively determine these molecular alterations from MRI. For this purpose, pre-operative MRI scans of 2648 patients with gliomas (grade II-IV) were collected from Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM; n = 835) and publicly available datasets viz. Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS; n = 378), LGG 1p/19q (n = 159), Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project (Ivy GAP; n = 41), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; n = 461), and the Erasmus Glioma Database (EGD; n = 774). A 2.5D hybrid convolutional neural network was proposed to simultaneously localize the tumor and classify its molecular status by leveraging imaging features from MR scans and prior knowledge features from clinical records and tumor location. The models were tested on one internal (TCGA) and two external (WUSM and EGD) test sets. For IDH, the best-performing model achieved areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.925, 0.874, 0.933 and areas under the precision-recall curves (AUPRC) of 0.899, 0.702, 0.853 on the internal, WUSM, and EGD test sets, respectively. For 1p/19q, the best model achieved AUROCs of 0.782, 0.754, 0.842, and AUPRCs of 0.588, 0.713, 0.782, on those three data-splits, respectively. The high accuracy of the model on unseen data showcases its generalization capabilities and suggests its potential to perform a 'virtual biopsy' for tailoring treatment planning and overall clinical management of gliomas.
Comment on "Backflow in relativistic wave equations"
Creators: name: Barbier, Maximilien
name: Fewster, Christopher J.
name: Goussev, Arseni
name: Morozov, Gregory
name: Srivastava, Shashi C. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comment on "Backflow in relativistic wave equations" by I. Bialynicki-Birula, Z. Bialynicka-Birula, and S. Augustynowicz [Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, volume 55, page 255702 (2022)].
description: 2 pages, no figures
Quantum Einstein-Cartan theory with the Holst term
Creators: name: Shapiro, Ilya L.
name: Teixeira, Poliane M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Holst term represents an interesting addition to the Einstein-Cartan theory of gravity with torsion. When this term is present the contact interactions between vector and axial vector fermion currents gain an extra parity-violating component. We re-derive this interaction using a simple representation for the Holst term. The same representation serves as a useful basis for the calculation of one-loop divergences in the theory with external fermionic currents and cosmological constant. Furthermore, we explore the possibilities of the on-shell version of renormalization group and construct the equations for the running of dimensionless parameters related to currents and for the effective Barbero-Immirzi parameter.
description: Small changes. A mistake in the classical part corrected due to the advise of Prof. F. Hehl. A few references added
Dynamical quantum phase transitions in SYK Lindbladians
Creators: name: Kawabata, Kohei
name: Kulkarni, Anish
name: Li, Jiachen
name: Numasawa, Tokiro
name: Ryu, Shinsei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the open quantum dynamics of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model described by the Lindblad master equation, where the SYK model is coupled to Markovian reservoirs with jump operators that are either linear or quadratic in the Majorana fermion operators. Of particular interest for us is the time evolution of the dissipative form factor, which quantifies the average overlap between the initial and time-evolved density matrices as an open quantum generalization of the Loschmidt echo. We find that the dissipative form factor exhibits dynamical quantum phase transitions. We analytically demonstrate a discontinuous dynamical phase transition in the limit of large number of fermion flavors, which is formally akin to the thermal phase transition in the two-coupled SYK model between the black-hole and wormhole phases. We also find continuous dynamical phase transitions that do not have counterparts in the two-coupled SYK model. While the phase transitions are sharp in the limit of large number of fermion flavors, their qualitative signatures are present even for the finite number of fermion flavors, as we show numerically.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures
Auf dem Weg zur demokratischen Bibliothek: aktuelle Perspektiven, Gefahren und Chancen
Creators: name: Jobmann, Peter
name: Zschau, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Demokratiepädagogik
Bibliothek
Medienpädagogik
Öffentliche Bibliothek
Demokratie
Kundenorientierung
Leitbild
Musik

description: Demokratie lernen, als lebenslange Herausforderung, benötigt die fortwährend weiterzuentwickelnde Fähigkeit zur Reflexion des eigenen Handelns und des Handelns Dritter. Das kritische Hinterfragen von Informationen und Prozessen, an denen die Bürgerinnen und Bürger teilhaben, wird in Bibliotheken mit den Schlagworten Informationskompetenz und Medienkompetenz beschrieben. Bibliotheken verstehen sich als Institutionen, die sich der Förderung eben dieser Kompetenzen verschrieben haben und beschreiben sich selbst als Orte gelebter Demokratie. Aus demokratiepädagogischer Sicht stellt sich jedoch die Frage, wie demokratisch bibliothekarische Einrichtungen ausgestaltet sind und inwiefern ein konkreter Wertebezug zu den Menschenrechten im Rahmen der bibliothekarischen Arbeit feststellbar ist. Dabei ist nicht nur die Schaffung von Zugängen zu Informationen (Art. 5 GG) interessant, sondern ebenso die demokratische Entwicklung innerhalb der Institution Bibliothek und die demokratische Entwicklung aller an Bibliothek Beteiligter. Gegenstand dieser Master Thesis ist es, bibliothekarische Arbeit dahingehend zu überprüfen, inwiefern die Institution Bibliothek – und der Bezug sind ausschließlich Öffentliche Bibliotheken – demokratisch entwickelt ist und welche Wertebezüge die bibliothekarische Arbeit an Öffentlichen Bibliotheken derzeit herzustellen versucht. Inhaltlich erfolgt dies mittels eines Blickes auf die berufliche Wertebasis der Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare, exemplarisch an einem das Selbstverständnis der Bibliotheken betreffenden Terminus, dem Kundenbegriff. Aus den dabei erhaltenen Erkenntnissen wird nachfolgend der Blick auf das bibliothekarische Berufsleitbild gerichtet, da das Selbstverständnis eines Berufsstandes den Ausgangspunkt für die demokratiepädagogische Arbeit in Bibliotheken bildet. Die praktischen Auswirkungen der Wertebasis aktueller bibliothekarischer Arbeit werden dann anhand eines konkreten Beispiels aus der beruflichen Praxis untersucht, dem Umgang mit Musik-Medien in Bibliotheken.
Searching Lorentz invariance violation from cosmic photon attenuation
Creators: name: Li, Hao
name: Ma, Bo-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lorentz invariance violation~(LIV) can change the threshold behavior predicted by special relativity and cause threshold anomalies which affect the propagation of cosmic photons. In this work, we focus on the threshold anomaly effect on cosmic photon attenuations by extragalactic background light~(EBL) and discuss how to identify LIV from observations of very high energy~(VHE) photons propagated from long distance in the universe. We point out that the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory~(LHAASO), one of the most sensitive gamma-ray detector arrays currently operating at TeV and PeV energies, is an ideal facility for performing such LIV searching. We apply the proposed strategy to discuss the newly observed gamma-ray burst GRB 221009A to demonstrate the predictive ability of our suggestions.
description: 16 latex pages, 9 figures, a new section on GRB 221009A is added, final version for publication in EPJC
Conscious Experience and Designing Experiences
Creators: name: Rayudu, Posina Venkata
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Brain
Consciousness
Category theory
Shape
Figure
Incidence
Set
Element
Cohesion
Structure
Neuroscience
Experience
Design
Geometry
Gestalt theory
Object
Category
Morphism

description: Neuroscientific discourse on consciousness often resorts to collection of elements, notwithstanding the Gestalt demonstrations against representing conscious experience as a collection of sensory elements. Here we show that defining conscious experience as an object of a category of conscious experiences, instead of cohesion-less set of structure-less elements, provides the conceptual repertoire---basic shapes, figures, and incidences---needed to think about the essence of experiences and the essence-preserving transformations of experiences.
Simulating weak localization using superconducting quantum circuits
Creators: name: Chen, Yu
name: Roushan, P.
name: Sank, D.
name: Neill, C.
name: Lucero, Erik
name: Mariantoni, Matteo
name: Barends, R.
name: Chiaro, B.
name: Kelly, J.
name: Megrant, A.
name: Mutus, J. Y.
name: O'Malley, P. J. J.
name: Vainsencher, A.
name: Wenner, J.
name: White, T. C.
name: Yin, Yi
name: Cleland, A. N.
name: Martinis, John M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding complex quantum matter presents a central challenge in condensed matter physics. The difficulty lies in the exponential scaling of the Hilbert space with the system size, making solutions intractable for both analytical and conventional numerical methods. As originally envisioned by Richard Feynman, this class of problems can be tackled using controllable quantum simulators. Despite many efforts, building an quantum emulator capable of solving generic quantum problems remains an outstanding challenge, as this involves controlling a large number of quantum elements. Here, employing a multi-element superconducting quantum circuit and manipulating a single microwave photon, we demonstrate that we can simulate the weak localization phenomenon observed in mesoscopic systems. By engineering the control sequence in our emulator circuit, we are also able to reproduce the well-known temperature dependence of weak localization. Furthermore, we can use our circuit to continuously tune the level of disorder, a parameter that is not readily accessible in mesoscopic systems. By demonstrating a high level of control and complexity, our experiment shows the potential for superconducting quantum circuits to realize scalable quantum simulators.
description: 9 pages, including supplement
Azimuthal anisotropy of dijet events in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The path-length dependent parton energy loss within the dense partonic medium created in lead-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV is studied by determining the azimuthal anisotropies for dijets with high transverse momentum. The data were collected by the CMS experiment in 2018 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.69 nb$^{-1}$. For events containing back-to-back jets, correlations in relative azimuthal angle and pseudorapidity ($η$) between jets and hadrons, and between two hadrons, are constructed. The anisotropies are expressed as the Fourier expansion coefficients $v_n$, $n = $ 2-4 of these azimuthal distributions. The dijet $v_n$ values are extracted from long-range (1.5 $\lt$ $\vertΔη\vert$ $\lt$ 2.5) components of these correlations, which suppresses the background contributions from jet fragmentation processes. Positive dijet $v_2$ values are observed which increase from central to more peripheral events, while the $v_3$ and $v_4$ values are consistent with zero within experimental uncertainties.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables, including additional supplementary figures, can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIN-21-002 (CMS Public Pages)
title: Exploring Microbial Eco-Evolutionary Responses to Environmental Stress
Creators: name: Kelbrick, Matthew
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: Anthropogenic actions, such as land use change, climate change, and environmental pollution, are impacting microbial communities on a global scale. Notably, the rise of intensive agricultural practices is increasingly subjecting soil microbial communities to multiple stressors simultaneously, including, pesticide accumulation, increasing soil salinity, warming temperatures, and nutrient loss. Individually, it has been shown that anthropogenic stressors drive ecological and evolutionary changes in microbial communities. However, it remains unclear if – or how – microbial communities change when subjected to multiple stressors simultaneously, as is often the case in nature.
I build upon our knowledge of microbial evolution and ecology by using a combination of mathematical modelling, experimental evolution, genomics, and phenotyping to demonstrate how microbial eco-evolutionary dynamics are shaped in multi-stressor environments. In Chapter 2, I Investigate the interaction between spatial structure, salt stress, and nutrient level. I show that spatial structure can rescue populations from extinction and facilitate evolutionary rescue only if nutrient levels are high. In Chapter 3, I move my evolution experiments from simple laboratory medium into complex soil microcosms to investigate the impact of fungicide stress and warming temperatures on microbial populations. I find that multi-stressor treatments drove populations to extinction; however, populations evolved mutations in a transcriptional regulator conferring increased fungicide and antibiotic cross-resistance. Finally, in Chapter 4, I investigate how fungicides and warming temperatures impact microbial community functioning. I demonstrate that multi-stressor treatments select for different taxa, leading to reduced productivity, and taxonomic/metabolic diversity.
Overall, the findings within this thesis show that microbes are able to adapt to anthropogenic stressors. However, microbial responses to a multi-stressor environment may differ from those to a single-stressor. For example, some adaptations that would otherwise be beneficial in their habitat may be constrained under stress, and the increased extinction rate in multi-stressor treatments can drive populations to extinction irrespective of adaptations to individual stressors. Such stressor interactions could be detrimental in nature, driving a loss of biodiversity and community productivity far greater than that predicted by studies investigating individual stressors. Furthermore, my results suggest that the impact of anthropogenic stressors is facilitating the evolution and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Collectively, the work within this thesis demonstrates the urgent need for sustainable agricultural practices and antibiotic stewardship to ensure the continued maintenance and rejuvenation of microbial ecosystems.
Enhancement of Visible-Light-Induced Photocurrent and Photocatalytic Activity of V and N Codoped TiO2 Nanotube Array Films
Creators: name: Zhang, Min
name: Lu, Dandan
name: Zhang, Zhihua
name: Yang, Jianjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) codoped with V and N were synthesized by electrochemical anodization in association with hydrothermal treatment. The samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photocurrent and photocatalytic activity of codoped TiO2 nanotube arrays were investigated under visible light irradiation. Moreover, the production of hydroxyl radicals on the surface of visible light-irradiated samples is detected by a photoluminescence technique using terephthalic acid (TA) as a probe molecule. It was found that the V+N co-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays showed remarkably enhanced photocurrent and photocatalytic activity than undoped sample due to the V and N codoping.
description: 15 Pages, 6 figures
Face Super-Resolution with Progressive Embedding of Multi-scale Face Priors
Creators: name: Zhang, Chenggong
name: Liu, Zhilei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The face super-resolution (FSR) task is to reconstruct high-resolution face images from low-resolution inputs. Recent works have achieved success on this task by utilizing facial priors such as facial landmarks. Most existing methods pay more attention to global shape and structure information, but less to local texture information, which makes them cannot recover local details well. In this paper, we propose a novel recurrent convolutional network based framework for face super-resolution, which progressively introduces both global shape and local texture information. We take full advantage of the intermediate outputs of the recurrent network, and landmarks information and facial action units (AUs) information are extracted in the output of the first and second steps respectively, rather than low-resolution input. Moreover, we introduced AU classification results as a novel quantitative metric for facial details restoration. Extensive experiments show that our proposed method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art FSR methods in terms of image quality and facial details restoration.
description: Accepted by IJCB 2022
Justice in the genomic and digital era: a ‘different world’ requiring ‘different law’
Creators: name: Selita, Fatos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Legal practice, lawyering and the legal profession
Other law and legal studies not elsewhere classified
Genomics
Genetics not elsewhere classified
Medical genetics (excl. cancer genetics)

description: Abstract Discoveries in the last two decades have created a ‘different world’, which requires ‘different’ laws. They have created a world where: enormous information on people’s past, present and future can be extracted from DNA alone; the DNA of millions of people has already been sequenced; the cost of sequencing is around 30 million times less than in 2003; additional detailed personal information is collected from numerous sources, such as mobile phones, hospitals, bank cards; this information is shared internationally among numerous powerful private and State organisations; and use of this information can be highly profitable for these organisations. Under these conditions, current law is unable to fully protect rights such as that of data protection, privacy, a fair trial, and non-discrimination on genetics and other basis ­– rights valued by societies. For the law to serve its key purpose, it now must adapt (evolve) to this fast and fundamental change in the ‘environment’. In relation to protection from data misuses, as privacy (genetic and other) is not possible, laws are required which can minimise negative impact of data misuses. Key stakeholders (e.g. judges, policymakers) would need to understand how genes work and how genetic information is used in order to appreciate the urgency of updating laws and to build effective protection.
title: Australia’s welfare 2019: data insights
Creators: name: Australian Institute Of Health And Welfare
Publisher: name: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
Year: 2019

description: Australia’s welfare 2019: data insights presents an overview of the welfare data landscape and explores selected welfare topics—including intergenerational disadvantage, income support, future of work, disability services, elder abuse and child wellbeing—in 8 original articles. Australia’s welfare 2019 is the 14th biennial welfare report of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.