cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Deep learning techniques for Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes
Creators: name: De, Songshaptak
name: Maitra, Writasree
name: Rentala, Vikram
name: Thalapillil, Arun M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Very High Energy (VHE) gamma rays and charged cosmic rays (CCRs) provide an observational window into the acceleration mechanisms of extreme astrophysical environments. One of the major challenges at Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) designed to look for VHE gamma rays, is the separation of air showers initiated by CCRs which form a background to gamma ray searches. Two other less well studied problems at IACTs are a) the classification of different primary nuclei among the CCR events and b) identification of anomalous events initiated by Beyond Standard Model particles that could give rise to shower signatures which differ from the standard images of either gamma rays or CCR showers. The problems of categorizing the primary particle that initiates a shower image, or the problem of tagging anomalous shower events in a model independent way, are problems that are well suited to a machine learning (ML) approach. Traditional studies that have explored gamma ray/CCR separation have used a multivariate analysis based on derived shower properties, which contains significantly reduced information about the shower. In our work, we address the problems outlined above by using ML architectures trained on full simulated shower images, as opposed to training on just a few derived shower properties. We illustrate the techniques of binary and multi-category classification using convolutional neural networks, and we also pioneer the use of autoencoders for anomaly detection at VHE gamma ray experiments. As a case study, we apply our techniques to the H.E.S.S. experiment. However, the real strength of the techniques that we broach here in the context of VHE gamma ray observatories, is that these methods can be applied broadly to any other IACT, such as the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), or can even be suitably adapted to CCR experiments.
description: 43 pages, 16 figures, 9 tables - updated in response to referee comments, main results unchanged
New Teachers’ Career Intentions: Factors Influencing New Teachers’ Decisions to Stay or to Leave the Profession
Creators: name: Fontaine, Sylvie
name: Kane, Ruth
name: Duquette, Olivier
name: Savoie-Zajc, Lorraine
Publisher: name: Alberta Journal of Educational Research
Year: 2012

description: This study examines the relationship between the reported career intentions and perceptions of preparedness of graduating secondary teachers in Quebec, across a two- year period, in an effort to identify factors which contribute to growing attrition rates among beginning teachers. The study reveals that those beginning teachers most concerned with their lack of preparation in the areas of classroom management and assessment of students’ learning are more likely to consider leaving the profession. While evidence suggests that beginning teachers do develop increasing confidence in terms of classroom management in their second year of teaching, their challenges with effectively assessing student learning endure through the first two years of teaching. Findings from this mixed method study suggest that both initial teacher education and employers have a shared responsibility to give greater attention to the ways in which teachers are introduced to and have experience with strategies for the assessment of student learning. Cette étude porte sur le rapport entre les intentions de carrière et les perceptions qu’ont les finissants en enseignement secondaire au Québec quant à leur niveau de préparation. La recherche s’est étalée sur deux ans et visait à identifier les facteurs qui contribuent au taux grandissant d’attrition chez les enseignants débutants. L’étude a révélé que les enseignants débutants qui sont les plus préoccupés par leur manque de préparation en matière de gestion de classe et en évaluation des apprentissages sont également susceptibles de penser à quitter la profession. Bien que les résultats montrent que les enseignants débutants tendent à devenir plus confiants en gestion de classe pendant leur deuxième année d’enseignement, leur défis quant à l’évaluation des apprentissages persistent tout au long de leur deuxième année d’enseignement. Les résultats de cette étude qui reposent sur une méthode mixte indiquent également que, tant la formation initiale des enseignants que les employeurs, doivent porter attention à la présentation des notions relatives à l’évaluation des apprentissages et aux expériences qui sont offertes aux enseignants en début de carrière.
description: Alberta Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 57 No. 4 (2011): Winter
La carrera del investigador y el acceso abierto
Creators: name: Lahoz, Fernando J.
Publisher: name: Digital.CSIC
Year: 2014
Subjects: Research evaluation reform
Reforma de sistemas de evaluación
San Francisco Declaration DORA
Researcher's career and open access
Open access opportunities and challenges
Chemistry Sciences
Oportunidades y retos del acceso abierto
Ciencias Químicas

description: This presentation was delivered in the seminar New systems for scientific evaluation, peer-review and open access organised by DIGITAL.CSIC on October 22, 2014 within the framework of the International Open Access Week 2014. More details at https://digital.csic.es/sites/workshop_oa_2014/index_eng.html
Emergent bright excitons with Rashba spin-orbit coupling in atomic monolayers
Creators: name: Cao, Jiayu David
name: Xu, Gaofeng
name: Scharf, Benedikt
name: Denisov, Konstantin
name: Zutic, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical properties in van der Waals heterostructures based on monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), are often dominated by excitonic transitions. While intrinsic spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and an isotropic band structure are typically studied in TMDs, in their heterostructures Rashba SOC and trigonal warping (TW), resulting in bands with threefold anisotropy, are also present. By considering a low-energy effective Hamiltonian and Bethe-Salpeter equation, we study the effect of Rashba SOC and TW on the band structure and absorption spectra. Rashba SOC is predicted to lead to emergent excitons, which are identified as an admixture between 1s and 2p symmetries. In contrast, for experimentally relevant values, TW has only a negligible effect on the absorption spectrum. These findings could guide experimental demonstrations of emergent bright excitons and further studies of the proximity effects in van der Waals heterostructure.
description: Accepted by Phys. Rev. B. Contains 11 pages, 9 figures
Trimer Formation and Metal-Insulator Transition in Orbital Degenerate Systems on a Triangular Lattice
Creators: name: Yoshitake, Junki
name: Motome, Yukitoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a prototypical self-organization in the system with orbital degeneracy, we theoretically investigate trimer formation on a triangular lattice, as observed in LiVO2. From the analysis of an effective spin-orbital coupled model in the strong correlation limit, we show that the previously-proposed orbital-ordered trimer state is not the lowest-energy state for a finite Hund's-rule coupling. Instead, exploring the ground state in a wide range of parameters for a multiorbital Hubbard model, we find an instability toward a different orbital-ordered trimer state in the intermediately correlated regime in the presence of trigonal crystal field. The trimer phase appears in the competing region among a paramagnetic metal, band insulator, and Mott insulator. The underlying mechanism is nesting instability of the Fermi surface by a synergetic effect of Coulomb interactions and trigonal-field splitting. The results are compared with experiments in triangularlattice compounds, LiVX2 (X=O, S, Se) and NaVO2.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
title: ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð ÐÐ ÑÐ°ÑÐ¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¸Ð¸ 6/35 ÐºÐ
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Ð¢ÐºÐ°ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¾, Ð Ð¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2019
Subjects: ÐÐ²ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¾ÑÑ
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ÐÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ

description: Ð ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð° ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÐ°ÑÑÑ ÐÐ Ð­Ð¡. ÐÐ° Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ðµ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Ð²ÑÐ±ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ðµ ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ðµ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾ÑÑÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ. Ð Ð°ÑÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ°Ð½Ñ ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¸ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÑÐºÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ, Ð½Ð° Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½ Ð²ÑÐ±Ð¾Ñ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð°Ð¿Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð². ÐÑÐ¸Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½ Ð²ÑÐ±Ð¾Ñ Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÑ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÑ Ð¸ ÑÐµÐ·ÐµÑÐ²Ð½ÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð±Ð»Ð¾ÐºÐ° Ð³ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¾Ñ-Ð°Ð²ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¾Ñ. Ð Ð°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÐµÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµ ÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ Ð°Ð²ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸. Ð ÑÐ¾Ð´Ðµ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð±ÑÐ» ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½ Ð»Ð°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°ÑÐ¾ÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð´ Ð½Ð° Ð±Ð°Ð·Ðµ Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑÐ¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐµÑÐ¼Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð² Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑÐµÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÐÐÐ¨, Ð£Ð ÐÐ, ÐÐÐ Ð¸ ÐÐÐ .
description: In work the electric part of a state district power station is considered. Based on electrical data, the main power equipment is selected. Calculated short-circuit currents, on the basis of which the selection of electrical devices. The selection and calculation of the main and backup protection of the generator autotransformer unit is given. The question of the implementation of general sectional protection and automation. During which a laboratory stand was created on the basis of microprocessor protection terminals for the study and implementation of Logical security, Breaker fail (failure) protection, Arc protection and Automatic to reserve source.
In-service Professional Development and Constructivist Curriculum: Effects on Quality of Child Care, Teacher Beliefs, and Interactions
Creators: name: Howe, Nina
name: Jacobs, Ellen
name: Vukelich, Goranka
name: Recchia, Holly
Publisher: name: Alberta Journal of Educational Research
Year: 2012

description: The purpose of this study was to assess three methods of delivering in-service professional development regarding constructivist curriculum for early childhood educators. Educators in 44 not-for-profit child care centres in three Canadian cities were studied; 94 educators with formal preservice training participated. The three methods were (a) a consultant model, (b) workshops, and (c) a readings group. Global classroom quality was assessed with the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised ([ECERS-R], Harms, Clifford, & Cryer, 2005), educators were interviewed about their beliefs regarding curriculum, and modified running record observations of educator-child interactions (i.e., guidance, directives) were assessed before and after the 15-week intervention. Over time the consultant model was associated with an increase in guidance interaction (i.e., promoting children’s learning and development). A number of findings related to site were evident for quality of child care and educator beliefs, and highlight the challenges associated with conducting multi-site research studies. Implications for providing in-service professional development regarding curriculum are discussed. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer trois méthodes de prestation de développement professionnel offert sur place et portant sur un programme d’études constructiviste pour éducateurs de la petite enfance. Quatre-vingt-quatorze éducateurs avec une formation d’orientation formelle et provenant de 44 garderies sans but lucratif dans trois villes canadiennes ont participé à l’étude. Les trois méthodes employées étaient les suivantes : (a) un modèle de consultation, (b) des ateliers et (c) un groupe de lectures. Nous avons évalué la qualité globale de la classe d’après l’échelle d’évaluation révisée du milieu d’apprentissage de la petite enfance (Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised, Harms, Clifford, & Cryer, 2005), passé en entrevue les éducateurs pour connaitre leurs croyances par rapport au programme d’études et évalué, avant et après les 15 semaines d’intervention, des fiches d’observation individualisée modifiées portant sur les interactions entre l’éducateur et les enfants (conseils, directives). À la longue, un lien s’est établi entre le modèle de consultation et une augmentation de l’interaction impliquant des conseils (stimulation du développement et de l’apprentissage des enfants). Plusieurs des conclusions liées au site étaient évidentes en ce qui concerne la qualité de la garde des enfants et les croyances des éducateurs, et elles font ressortir les défis découlant des projets de recherche impliquant plusieurs sites. Nous évoquons les implications de fournir du développement professionnel portant sur les programmes d’études.
description: Alberta Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 57 No. 4 (2011): Winter
Tables S1–S3: Oceanward rift migration during formation of Santos–Benguela ultra-wide rifted margin
Creators: name: Araujo, Mario Neto
name: Perez-Gussinye, Marta
name: Mushaldev, Iskander
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Tables S1, S2 and S3, surface processes and References
Convergence for score-based generative modeling with polynomial complexity
Creators: name: Lee, Holden
name: Lu, Jianfeng
name: Tan, Yixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Score-based generative modeling (SGM) is a highly successful approach for learning a probability distribution from data and generating further samples. We prove the first polynomial convergence guarantees for the core mechanic behind SGM: drawing samples from a probability density $p$ given a score estimate (an estimate of $\nabla \ln p$) that is accurate in $L^2(p)$. Compared to previous works, we do not incur error that grows exponentially in time or that suffers from a curse of dimensionality. Our guarantee works for any smooth distribution and depends polynomially on its log-Sobolev constant. Using our guarantee, we give a theoretical analysis of score-based generative modeling, which transforms white-noise input into samples from a learned data distribution given score estimates at different noise scales. Our analysis gives theoretical grounding to the observation that an annealed procedure is required in practice to generate good samples, as our proof depends essentially on using annealing to obtain a warm start at each step. Moreover, we show that a predictor-corrector algorithm gives better convergence than using either portion alone.
description: 43 pages
CORBEL Industry Collaboration Best Practice Guide
Creators: name: Abuja, Peter M.
name: Carapina, Tamara
name: de Kort, Martin
name: Raess, Michael
name: Tieken, Chris
name: Wagstaff, Nigel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biomedical research infrastructures
Industry collaboration

description: The aim of this deliverable is to bring together in a single document best practice guideline for a wide range of aspects relevant to industry collaboration and thereby to provide a convenient source of information and guidelines for staff in public biomedical science research institutes and infrastructures to help them with all aspects of setting up and maintaining effective industry collaborations.
Probing the pairing symmetry in kagome superconductors based on the single-particle spectrum
Creators: name: Liu, Jinhui
name: Zhou, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the single-particle spectra of recently discovered kagome superconductors. We examine nine distinct superconducting pairing symmetries, including the uniform $s$-wave pairing function, nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor $s$-wave pairing, $p+ip$ pairing, $d+id$ pairing, and $f$-wave pairing states. These pairing states can be classified into irreducible representations of the $C_{6v}$ point group. Our findings suggest that these pairing states can be differentiated by analyzing the energy bands, spectral function, and local density of states. Additionally, we explore the single impurity effect, which could potentially assist in further distinguishing these pairing symmetries.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, To appear in Phys. Rev. B
On Classical and Hybrid Shadows of Quantum States
Creators: name: Shivam, Saumya
name: von Keyserlingk, C. W.
name: Sondhi, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical shadows are a computationally efficient approach to storing quantum states on a classical computer for the purposes of estimating expectation values of local observables, obtained by performing repeated random measurements. In this note we offer some comments on this approach. We note that the resources needed to form classical shadows with bounded relative error depend strongly on the target state. We then comment on the advantages and limitations of using classical shadows to simulate many-body dynamics. In addition, we introduce the notion of a hybrid shadow, constructed from measurements on a part of the system instead of the entirety, which provides a framework to gain more insight into the nature of shadow states as one reduces the size of the subsystem measured, and a potential alternative to compressing quantum states.
description: 8+3 pages, 4+1 figures
Accessing Data in Health AI Research: Challenges, Insights & Recommendations
Creators: name: AIM RSF
name: Orton, Chris
name: Labrom, Reece
name: Karoune, Emma
name: Fletcher, Monica
name: Stickland, Rachael
name: Mohammad, Mahwish
name: Almarzouq, Batool
name: Collop, Beth
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The AI for Multiple Long-Term Conditions Research Support Facility (AIM RSF), a collaborative initiative led by The Alan Turing Institute in partnership with Swansea University, the University of Edinburgh and the University of Oxford, oversees eight research consortia across the UK to support and drive culture change in Multiple Long-Term Condition (MLTC) research. By connecting researchers, healthcare professionals, and patients, AIM RSF has reshaped our understanding of MLTCs. The initiative focuses on five key areas: building robust infrastructure, improving data accessibility, creating a connected research community, engaging with the public, and ensuring lasting impact.As we approach April 2025, marking the conclusion of this phase of the AIM RSF, we reflect on our achievements and the foundation we've laid for future advancements in MLTC research. This case study, the first in a series of three, shares our journey and offers insights and recommendations for those involved in health data research and AI.

AIM RSF is funded by the NIHR [Artificial Intelligence for Multiple Long-Term Conditions (AIM) programme (NIHR202647). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.
Enigma of the vortex state in a strongly correlated d-wave superconductor
Creators: name: Datta, Anushree
name: Changlani, Hitesh J.
name: Yang, Kun
name: Ghosal, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that strong electronic repulsion transforms a vortex core from a metallic-type in overdoped regime to a Mott-insulator at underdoping of a strongly correlated d-wave superconductor. This changeover is accompanied by an accumulation of electron density at the vortex core towards local half-filling in the underdoped region, which in turn facilitates the formation of the Mott insulating core. We find that the size of vortices evolves non-monotonically with doping. A similar non-monotonicity of critical field $H_{\rm c2}$, as extracted from superfluid stiffness, is also found. Our results explain some recent experimental puzzles of cuprate superconductors.
Computer Aided Interpretation Approach for Optical Tomographic Images
Creators: name: Klose, Christian D.
name: Klose, Alexander D.
name: Netz, Uwe
name: Beuthan, Juergen
name: Hielscher, Andreas H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A computer-aided interpretation approach is proposed to detect rheumatic arthritis (RA) of human finger joints in optical tomographic images. The image interpretation method employs a multi-variate signal detection analysis aided by a machine learning classification algorithm, called Self-Organizing Mapping (SOM). Unlike in previous studies, this allows for combining multiple physical image parameters, such as minimum and maximum values of the absorption coefficient for identifying affected and not affected joints. Classification performances obtained by the proposed method were evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, and mutual information. Different methods (i.e., clinical diagnostics, ultrasound imaging, magnet resonance imaging and inspection of optical tomographic images), were used as "ground truth"-benchmarks to determine the performance of image interpretations. Using data from 100 finger joints, findings suggest that some parameter combinations lead to higher sensitivities while others to higher specificities when compared to single parameter classifications employed in previous studies. Maximum performances were reached when combining minimum/maximum-ratio and image variance with respect to ultra sound as benchmark. In this case, sensitivity and specificity of 0.94 and 0.96 respectively were achieved. These values are much higher than results reported when a) other classification techniques were applied or b) single parameter classifications were used, where sensitivities and specificities of 0.71 were achieved.
description: This paper has been withdrawn by the authors. A newer version of this manuscript is in peer-review at the Journal of Biomedical Optics
Glass transitions in two-dimensional suspensions of colloidal ellipsoids
Creators: name: Zheng, Zhongyu
name: Wang, Feng
name: Han, Yilong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observed a two-step glass transition in monolayers of colloidal ellipsoids by video microscopy. The glass transition in the rotational degree of freedom was at a lower density than that in the translational degree of freedom. Between the two transitions, ellipsoids formed an orientational glass. Approaching the respective glass transitions, the rotational and translational fastest-moving particles in the supercooled liquid moved cooperatively and formed clusters with power-law size distributions. The mean cluster sizes diverge in power law as approaching the glass transitions. The clusters of translational and rotational fastest-moving ellipsoids formed mainly within pseudo-nematic domains, and around the domain boundaries, respectively.
OADAT: Experimental and Synthetic Clinical Optoacoustic Data for Standardized Image Processing
Creators: name: Ozdemir, Firat
name: Lafci, Berkan
name: Deán-Ben, Xosé Luís
name: Razansky, Daniel
name: Perez-Cruz, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Optoacoustic (OA) imaging is based on excitation of biological tissues with nanosecond-duration laser pulses followed by subsequent detection of ultrasound waves generated via light-absorption-mediated thermoelastic expansion. OA imaging features a powerful combination between rich optical contrast and high resolution in deep tissues. This enabled the exploration of a number of attractive new applications both in clinical and laboratory settings. However, no standardized datasets generated with different types of experimental set-up and associated processing methods are available to facilitate advances in broader applications of OA in clinical settings. This complicates an objective comparison between new and established data processing methods, often leading to qualitative results and arbitrary interpretations of the data. In this paper, we provide both experimental and synthetic OA raw signals and reconstructed image domain datasets rendered with different experimental parameters and tomographic acquisition geometries. We further provide trained neural networks to tackle three important challenges related to OA image processing, namely accurate reconstruction under limited view tomographic conditions, removal of spatial undersampling artifacts and anatomical segmentation for improved image reconstruction. Specifically, we define 44 experiments corresponding to the aforementioned challenges as benchmarks to be used as a reference for the development of more advanced processing methods.
description: Accepted to TMLR. 32 pages, 24 figures, 9 tables
Accessing Data in Health AI Research: Challenges, Insights & Recommendations
Creators: name: AIM RSF
name: Orton, Chris
name: Labrom, Reece
name: Karoune, Emma
name: Fletcher, Monica
name: Stickland, Rachael
name: Mohammad, Mahwish
name: Almarzouq, Batool
name: Collop, Beth
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: case study

description: The AI for Multiple Long-Term Conditions Research Support Facility (AIM RSF), a collaborative initiative led by The Alan Turing Institute in partnership with Swansea University, the University of Edinburgh and the University of Oxford, oversees eight research consortia across the UK to support and drive culture change in Multiple Long-Term Condition (MLTC) research. By connecting researchers, healthcare professionals, and patients, AIM RSF has reshaped our understanding of MLTCs. The initiative focuses on five key areas: building robust infrastructure, improving data accessibility, creating a connected research community, engaging with the public, and ensuring lasting impact.As we approach April 2025, marking the conclusion of this phase of the AIM RSF, we reflect on our achievements and the foundation we've laid for future advancements in MLTC research. This case study, the first in a series of three, shares our journey and offers insights and recommendations for those involved in health data research and AI.

AIM RSF is funded by the NIHR [Artificial Intelligence for Multiple Long-Term Conditions (AIM) programme (NIHR202647). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.
Educating for Identity: Problematizing and Deconstructing Our Literacy Pasts
Creators: name: Parr, Michelann
name: Campbell, Terry A.
Publisher: name: Alberta Journal of Educational Research
Year: 2011

description: In order to become effective teachers of language and literacy, it is critical for teacher candidates to have a sense of who they are as literate beings, how their literacy pasts have been lived, and how this might have an influence on the students in their classrooms. As teacher educators, we should not allow teacher candidates to rest simply with the recollection of key literacy events and memories. In order to be fully aware and wide awake to the complex task of teaching language and literacy, teacher candidates need to be engaged in active discussion that involves problematizing and unpacking their experiences, memories, and stories and what they really mean in past and present conceptualizations of literacy and sociocultural contexts. Pour devenir des enseignants de langue et de littératie, il est critique que les stagiaires aient un sens d’eux-mêmes comme êtres lettrés, qu’ils soient conscients de leur passé en matière de littératie, et qu’ils aient une idée de l’influence de ces facteurs sur leurs élèves en salle de classe. En tant que formateurs d’enseignants, nous ne devrions pas permettre aux stagiaires de se limiter à des souvenirs portant sur des événements relatifs à la littératie. Afin d’être pleinement conscients et éveillés face à la tâche complexe qu’est celle d’enseigner la langue et la littératie, les stagiaires doivent prendre part à des discussions actives, problématisant et déballant leurs expériences, leurs souvenirs et leurs récits personnels, et analysant leur sens selon les conceptualisations du passé et du présent de la littératie et en fonction des contextes socioculturels.
description: Alberta Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 57 No. 3 (2011): Fall
De bibliotecas científicas a bibliotecas para la investigación
Creators: name: Ponsati Obiols, Agnès
Publisher: name: Digital.CSIC
Year: 2012
Subjects: Bibliotecas científicas
Bibliotecas para la investigación
Bibliotecas especializadas
Evolución de las bibliotecas

description: En los últimos 6 años, la Red de Bibliotecas del CSIC ha fijado sus objetivos de trabajo mediante la elaboración de 2 Planes estratégicos (2006-2009; 2010- 2013). Se han producido avances importantes en las líneas estratégicas que en ellos se habían fijado. La presentación se centrará en analizar cuáles han sido los logros y en qué áreas el avance ha sido menor. Además se propone una reflexión sobre el valor de los servicios de información científica (bibliotecas y archivos), la necesidad de su reposicionamiento constante ante los cambios que les toca vivir y los desafíos que deberán de afrontar ante la encrucijada actual de crisis.
Viscous shocks in Hele-Shaw flow and Stokes phenomena of the Painleve I transcendent
Creators: name: Lee, Seung-Yeop
name: Teodorescu, Razvan
name: Wiegmann, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Hele-Shaw flows at vanishing surface tension, the boundary of a viscous fluid develops cusp-like singularities. In recent papers [1, 2] we have showed that singularities trigger viscous shocks propagating through the viscous fluid. Here we show that the weak solution of the Hele-Shaw problem describing viscous shocks is equivalent to a semiclassical approximation of a special real solution of the Painleve I equation. We argue that the Painleve I equation provides an integrable deformation of the Hele-Shaw problem which describes flow passing through singularities. In this interpretation shocks appear as Stokes level-lines of the Painleve linear problem.
description: A more detailed derivation is included
Rapidly rotating neutron stars in $f(R,T)$ gravity
Creators: name: da Silva, F. M.
name: Santos, L. C. N.
name: Mota, C. E.
name: da Costa, T. O. F.
name: Fabris, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the influence of $f(R,T)$ gravity on rapidly rotating neutron stars. First we discuss the main aspects of this modified theory of gravity where the gravitational Lagrangian is an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar $R$ and of the trace of the energy-momentum tensor $T$. Then we present the basic equations for neutron stars including the equations of state used in the present work to describe the hadronic matter. Some physical quantities of interest are calculated such as mass-radius relations, moments of inertia, angular momentum, and compactness. By considering four different rotation regimes, we obtain results that indicate substantial modifications in the physical properties of neutron stars in $f(R,T)$ gravity when compared to those in the context of general relativity. In particular, the mass-radius relation for sequences of stars indicates that $f(R,T)$ gravity increases the mass and the equatorial radius of the neutron stars for stars rotating with an angular velocity smaller than Kepler limit.
String Cosmology in LRS Bianchi Type-II Dusty Universe with Time Decaying Vacuum Energy Density $Λ$
Creators: name: Amirhashchi, Hassan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model of a cloud formed by massive strings is used as a source of LRS Bianchi type II with time decaying vacuum energy density $Λ$. To construct string cosmological models we have used the energy-momentum tensor for such string as formulated by Letelier (1983). The high nonlinear field equations have been solved for two types of strings, (i) Massive string and (ii) Nambu string. The expansion $θ$ in the model is assumed to be proportional to the shear $σ$. This condition leads to $A=βB^{m}$, where $A$ and $B$ are the metric coefficients, $m$ is a constant and $β$ is an integrating constant. Our models are in accelerating phase which is consistent to the recent observations of supernovae type Ia. The physical and geometrical behavior of these models are also discussed.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
The movements and distribution of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in response to sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) migrations in the Chilko Lake system, British Columbia
Creators: name: Kanigan, Adam M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2019

description: The migrations of animals between discrete locations frequently generate a range of ecological side effects. While many of the consequences of migrations are well understood, migratory coupling – the movements of predators over large spatial scales in response to migrant prey – has received little attention. I sought to describe a potential occurrence of migratory coupling in the Chilko Lake system, British Columbia, where bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) aggregate near the lake outlet during the annual migration of anadromous sockeye salmon smolts (Oncorhynchus nerka), presumably to consume migrant smolts. To characterize the influence of the smolt migration on the spatial distribution of bull trout, I surgically implanted acoustic transmitters into 20 bull trout and tracked their movements throughout the Chilko system for one year. Because bull trout generally become increasingly piscivorous with size and age, I also combined acoustic telemetry with age estimates and length measurements to determine whether bull trout size, age, or growth influences their behavioural response to the smolt migration. Bull trout travelled substantial distances and 47% returned to the lake outlet during the smolt migration in consecutive years, suggesting that a portion of the population may be responding to the migrant smolts. However, bull trout returned to the outlet up to three months prior to the arrival of smolts at the outlet, thus their spatial distribution may also be influenced by other factors such as site fidelity. Furthermore, if bull trout are responding to the smolt migration, it remains unclear whether they are anticipating the arrival of smolts at the lake outlet or are following the diffusion of smolts from the lake. There was no detectable difference in age, size, or growth ratio among bull trout that returned to the outlet in consecutive years and those that did not; however, my inability to detect a difference may be a result of my small sample size and narrow range of ages and sizes. Through collecting these data, I also provided the estimates of size-structure, age-structure, and spatial distribution for Chilko bull trout, which has been identified as critical information for the management of bull trout in BC.
Experimental examination of the alleged influence of cultural differences on single-file pedestrian fundamentals
Creators: name: Nashiru, B. M. D.
name: Zhang, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 14J60

description: Multiple studies have addressed what influences the fundamental diagram in single-file experiments. Several studies indicate that there are differences by gender when group composition is taken into account. Even for the simplest systems, such as pedestrian flows in corridors, there are still some deficiencies in the detailed understanding of this fundamental relationship. The effect of cultural differences can only be seen in a different density and velocity interval if a comparison is conducted between the two different cultural groups. Our results indicate that the velocities of male and female pedestrians are different. For instance, when N = 20, the velocity is 0.65 to 0.69m/s for Chinese, while for Ghanaians, the velocity is 0.51 to 0.62m/s. Similarly, when the densities change N = 40 in Chinese, they are 0.26 to 0.32m/s, while the Ghanaians are 0.21 to 0.28m/s. In addition, we investigated whether pedestrian behavior, corridor length, body weight, and height between Chinese and Ghanaian pedestrians influence cultural differences in a single-file fundamental diagram. Regression analysis makes it possible to determine whether there is a difference between the two groups.
description: 23 pages, 15 figures, 9 tables
title: Gestión de datos de investigación
title: El papel de las bibliotecas biomédicas en el contexto del acceso abierto
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Bernal, Isabel
Publisher: name: CSIC - Unidad de Recursos de Información Científica para la Investigación (URICI)
Year: 2019
Subjects: Gestión de datos en Biomedicina
Management of Biomedical data
Servicios de DIGITAL.CSIC
DIGITAL.CSIC services

description: Presentación impartida en el seminario "El papel de las bibliotecas biomédicas en el contexto del acceso abierto" organizado por FECYT con la colaboración de OpenAire y el Instituto de Salud Carlos III, el 14 de junio de 2019, en Madrid.
Magneto-tunable terahertz absorption in single-layer graphene: A general approach
Creators: name: Jahani, D.
name: Akhavan, O.
name: Ghatar, A. Alidoust
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Terahertz (THz) anisotropic absorption in graphene could be significantly modified upon applying a static magnetic field on its ultra-fast 2D Dirac electrons. In general, by deriving the generalized Fresnel coefficients for monolayer graphene under applied magnetic field, relatively high anisotropic absorption for the incoming linearly polarized light with specific scattering angles could be achieved. We also prove that the light absorption of monolayer graphene corresponds well to its surface optical conductivity in the presence of a static magnetic field. Moreover, the temperature-dependent conductivity of graphene makes it possible to show that a step by step absorption feature would emerge at very low temperatures. We believe that these properties may be considered to be used in novel graphene-based THz application.
On the emergent origin of the inertial mass
Creators: name: Torromé, Ricardo Gallego
name: Isidro, J. M.
name: de Córdoba, Pedro Fernández
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of a particular framework of emergent quantum mechanics, it is argued the emergent origin of the inertial mass of a physical systems. Two main consequences of the theory are discussed: an emergent interpretation of the law of inertia and a derivation of the energy-time uncertainty relation.
description: 12 pages. Few error corrected, references added and several further clarifications of the theory added. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1402.5070
Watching Bald Eagles Change Shifts: Seeking Digital Curriculum Access Across Canada
Creators: name: Robertson, Lorayne
name: Thomson, Dianne
Publisher: name: Alberta Journal of Educational Research
Year: 2011

description: There is an inconsistency between a growing need for national research on issues of child and adolescent health and the wide range of diverse curriculum responses to health issues undertaken by individual provinces and territories in Canada. Measuring the effect of interventions is more difficult in this contradiction. In this study, the authors uncover a growing need for national research, knowledge mobilization, and the development of a common language and Internet protocols to enable sharing of health education initiatives using the affordances of technology. The authors find that in an era where difficult social challenges for children and adolescents require not only national but global attention, the current jurisdictional structures present significant and challenging barriers to accessing national and global expertise. These barriers will need to be addressed in order to maximize the affordances of digital technologies for knowledge mobilization toward the goal of coherent pan-Canadian health curriculum approaches. Il existe une incohérence entre le besoin grandissant pour de la recherche nationale relative à la santé des enfants et des adolescents d’une part et la diversité dans la gamme de programmes d’études portant sur des questions relatives à la santé que proposent les provinces et les territoires au Canada. Ce manque de continuité rend plus difficile l’évaluation de l’effet des interventions. Dans cette étude, les auteurs révèlent un besoin grandissant pour la recherche nationale, la mobilisation des connaissances et le développement d’une langue commune et des protocoles Internet pour permettre le partage d’initiatives en éducation à la santé en profitant des capacités de la technologie. Les auteurs ont trouvé qu’à cette époque où les défis sociaux de taille auxquels font face les enfants et les adolescents nécessitent une attention non seulement nationale mais mondiale, les structures juridictionnelles actuelles posent d’importantes barrières redoutables à l’accès à l’expertise nationale et globale. Il faudra surmonter ces barrières afin de maximiser les capacités des technologies numériques en matière de mobilisation des connaissances pour arriver à des approches aux programmes d’éducation à la santé qui sont cohérents de par le Canada.
description: Alberta Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 57 No. 3 (2011): Fall
Grounding Judgment Phenomena in Memory: Examining the Role of Retrieval in the Estimation of Events
Creators: name: Nguyen, Rosalind
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cognitive psychology
subject: biases
subject: cognitive processes
subject: decision-making
subject: judgment
subject: memory

description: Suppose you were running late to work and had to decide which route to take that would give you the best chance of getting to work on time. How do you come up with the various routes to consider? How do you assess which route will give you the best chance of getting to work on time? In order to make that decision, you may think about all the prior routes you’ve taken and then evaluate each one with some probability of getting the desired outcome. On the surface, the act of generating choices and evaluating their likelihood may seem to have little in common. However, one may be surprised to learn that these processes are closely intertwined. The findings from this project suggest that judgments of likelihood may be constrained by one’s ability to retrieve from semantic memory. In experiment 1, we demonstrate that one’s general ability to retrieve from long-term memory (LTM) may play a critical role in judgments of likelihood and that the nature of the retrieval may relate differentially to different types of event estimation. In experiment 2, we assess different measurement models of memory and find that the type of relation between memory and judgment changes as the function of the type of memory model that one adopts. Finally, combined data across both experiments reveal that how the to-be-judged items are distributed plays a role in judgments and that retrieval ability, specifically, semantic memory, is predictive of probability judgments. Taken together, we argue that the ability to retrieve from LTM plays a critical role in judging the likelihood of an event occurring.
Photonic Bloch-dipole-Zener Oscillations in Binary Parabolic Optical Waveguide Arrays
Creators: name: Zheng, Ming Jie
name: Chan, Yun San
name: Yu, Kin Wah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the propagation and Zener tunneling of light in the binary parabolic optical waveguide array (BPOWA), which consists of two evanescently coupled dissimilar optical waveguides. Due to Bragg reflections, BPOWA attains two minibands separated by a minigap at the zone boundary. Various coherent superpositions of optical oscillations and Zener tunneling occur for different parameters on the phase diagram. In particular, Bloch-Zener oscillation and a different type of Bloch-dipole-Zener oscillation are obtained by the field-evolution analysis. The results may have potential applications in optical splitting and waveguiding devices and shed light on the coherent phenomena in optical lattices.
description: Submitted to JOSA B