Lamprothamnium capitatum Casanova, Austral.
Creators: name: Casanova, Michelle T.
name: Karol, Kenneth G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Charophyta
Charophyceae
Charales
Characeae
Lamprothamnium
Lamprothamnium capitatum

description: Lamprothamnium capitatum Casanova, Austral.    Syst. Bot. 26: 274 (2013)   
 Type: in 2–4 inches [~ 5–10 cm] of clear water, long shallow drain west of the road, 6 miles [~ 9.7 km] south of Kingston SE, Coorong Region, 7 Nov. 1960, R. D.Wood 60-11-7-7 (holo: NY!; iso: AD!, BM!, L!, PC!).   
 Lamprothamnium papulosum f. capitatum R.D.Wood, Nova Hedwigia 22: 38 (1971), nom. inval., nom. prov.   
 [Lamprothamnium papulosum auct. Non (Wallr.) J.Groves: R.D.Wood, Nova Hedwigia 22: 38 (1971), p.p.]   
 Monoecious. In the Northern Territory, plants occurring in a dense sward. Axes up to 100 μm in diameter, ecorticate, internodes up to 2 cm long (Fig. 2 a). Stipulodes in 1 row, opposite the branchlets, 0.2–0.8 mm long, downward pointing. Branchlets 7 or 8 in a whorl, ecorticate, narrow in all parts (Fig. 2 c), coalescing into ‘fox-tails’ at the axis apices, basal branchlet cell up to 2 mm long (in southern Australian specimens), branchlet end segments usually 1, bract cells 2–5, verticillate, 0.2–1 mm long, much reduced at upper branchlet nodes (Fig. 2 b). Fertile parts contracted into loose foxtails, occurring apically and in the axils of lower branchlets. Gametangia foliar and basal, inside and outside the whorls (Fig. 2 c). Oosporangia up to 900 μm long, stipitae inside the base and below the branchlet whorl (Fig. 2 d), 10 or 11 stripes of helical cells, coronula up to 85 μm high, of oval cells. Oospores black, 600–740 μm long and 270–285 μm wide with 10 or 11 striae of undulating ridges. Ornamentation smooth to granulate, the grains sometimes arranged in rows. Antheridia up to 300 μm in diameter, solitary or geminate on the first branchlet node (Fig. 2 c). Chromosomes not known.   Distribution  
 Brackish to saline wetlands in coastal and inland Victoria, South Australia and Northern Territory. The specimen from Cotton Island is the first confirmed record of Lamprothamnium in a saline coastal habitat north of the New South Wales – Queensland border in Australia.   Habitat and ecology  
Grows in temporary saline waters.  Etymology  
 From Latin ‘ capitatum ’, head, referring to the ‘head-like’ appearance of the axial and terminal ‘fox-tails’ in the southern Australian material.   Notes  
 The specimens listed here most closely align with L. capitatum on the basis of the arrangement of the reproductive structures; however, specimens are less robust, do not appear to have foliar oosporangia, and the oospores are significantly larger. It appears to grow in a low carpet or sward, which differs from the isolated individuals previously examined (Casanova 2013 a). Further collections from Northern Territory are required to confirm this determination.   Specimens examined  
 NORTHERN TERRITORY: Cotton Island, North West Lake, 19 Aug. 1996, C. P.Mangion 287 (DNA); Purnie Bore, Simpson Desert, 17 Sept. 1987, G.Leach 1438 (DNA) [mixed with Chara sp.].
description: Published as part of Casanova, Michelle T. & Karol, Kenneth G., 2023, Charophytes of Australia's Northern Territory - I. Tribe Chareae, pp. 38-79 in Australian Systematic Botany 36 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.1071/SB22023, http://zenodo.org/record/10904227