cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Towards a clinically accessible radiology foundation model: open-access and lightweight, with automated evaluation
Creators: name: Chaves, Juan Manuel Zambrano
name: Huang, Shih-Cheng
name: Xu, Yanbo
name: Xu, Hanwen
name: Usuyama, Naoto
name: Zhang, Sheng
name: Wang, Fei
name: Xie, Yujia
name: Khademi, Mahmoud
name: Yang, Ziyi
name: Awadalla, Hany
name: Gong, Julia
name: Hu, Houdong
name: Yang, Jianwei
name: Li, Chunyuan
name: Gao, Jianfeng
name: Gu, Yu
name: Wong, Cliff
name: Wei, Mu
name: Naumann, Tristan
name: Chen, Muhao
name: Lungren, Matthew P.
name: Chaudhari, Akshay
name: Yeung-Levy, Serena
name: Langlotz, Curtis P.
name: Wang, Sheng
name: Poon, Hoifung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The scaling laws and extraordinary performance of large foundation models motivate the development and utilization of such models in biomedicine. However, despite early promising results on some biomedical benchmarks, there are still major challenges that need to be addressed before these models can be used in real-world clinics. Frontier general-domain models such as GPT-4V still have significant performance gaps in multimodal biomedical applications. More importantly, less-acknowledged pragmatic issues, including accessibility, model cost, and tedious manual evaluation make it hard for clinicians to use state-of-the-art large models directly on private patient data. Here, we explore training open-source small multimodal models (SMMs) to bridge competency gaps for unmet clinical needs in radiology. To maximize data efficiency, we adopt a modular approach by incorporating state-of-the-art pre-trained models for image and text modalities, and focusing on training a lightweight adapter to ground each modality to the text embedding space, as exemplified by LLaVA-Med. For training, we assemble a large dataset of over 697 thousand radiology image-text pairs. For evaluation, we propose CheXprompt, a GPT-4-based metric for factuality evaluation, and demonstrate its parity with expert evaluation. For best practice, we conduct a systematic ablation study on various choices in data engineering and multimodal training. The resulting LlaVA-Rad (7B) model attains state-of-the-art results on standard radiology tasks such as report generation and cross-modal retrieval, even outperforming much larger models such as GPT-4V and Med-PaLM M (84B). The inference of LlaVA-Rad is fast and can be performed on a single V100 GPU in private settings, offering a promising state-of-the-art tool for real-world clinical applications.
Existence, Stability, and Dynamics of Bright Vortices in the Cubic-Quintic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Creators: name: Caplan, R. M.
name: Carretero-Gonzalez, R.
name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
name: Malomed, B. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the topic of the existence and azimuthal modulational stability of solitary vortices (alias vortex solitons) in the two-dimensional (2D) cubic-quintic nonlinear Schr{ö}dinger equation. We develop a semi-analytical approach, assuming that the vortex soliton is relatively narrow, and thus splitting the full 2D equation into radial and azimuthal 1D equations. A variational approach is used to predict the radial shape of the vortex soliton, using the radial equation, yielding results very close to those obtained from numerical solutions. Previously known existence bounds for the solitary vortices are recovered by means of this approach. The 1D azimuthal equation of motion is used to analyze the modulational instability of the vortex solitons. The semi-analytical predictions -- in particular, that for the critical intrinsic frequency of the vortex soliton at the instability border -- are compared to systematic 2D simulations. We also compare our findings to those reported in earlier works, which featured some discrepancies. We then perform a detailed computational study of collisions between stable vortices with different topological charges. Borders between elastic and destructive collisions are identified.
description: 18 pages, 17 figures, accepted to Math. Comm. Sim
Low frequency radio properties of the $z>5$ quasar population
Creators: name: Gloudemans, A. J.
name: Duncan, K. J.
name: Röttgering, H. J. A.
name: Shimwell, T. W.
name: Venemans, B. P.
name: Best, P. N.
name: Brüggen, M.
name: Rivera, G. Calistro
name: Drabent, A.
name: Hardcastle, M. J.
name: Miley, G. K.
name: Schwarz, D. J.
name: Saxena, A.
name: Smith, D. J. B.
name: Williams, W. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optically luminous quasars at $z > 5$ are important probes of super-massive black hole (SMBH) formation. With new and future radio facilities, the discovery of the brightest low-frequency radio sources in this epoch would be an important new probe of cosmic reionization through 21-cm absorption experiments. In this work, we systematically study the low-frequency radio properties of a sample of 115 known spectroscopically confirmed $z>5$ quasars using the second data release of the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) Two Metre Sky survey (LoTSS-DR2), reaching noise levels of $\sim$80 $μ$Jy beam$^{-1}$ (at 144 MHz) over an area of $\sim5720$ deg$^2$. We find that 41 sources (36%) are detected in LoTSS-DR2 at $>2 σ$ significance and we explore the evolution of their radio properties (power, spectral index, and radio loudness) as a function of redshift and rest-frame ultra-violet properties. We obtain a median spectral index of $-0.29^{+0.10}_{-0.09}$ by stacking 93 quasars using LoTSS-DR2 and Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimetres (FIRST) data at 1.4 GHz, in line with observations of quasars at $z<3$. We compare the radio loudness of the high-$z$ quasar sample to a lower-$z$ quasar sample at $z\sim2$ and find that the two radio loudness distributions are consistent with no evolution, although the low number of high-z quasars means that we cannot rule out weak evolution. Furthermore, we make a first order empirical estimate of the $z=6$ quasar radio luminosity function, which is used to derive the expected number of high-$z$ sources that will be detected in the completed LoTSS survey. This work highlights the fact that new deep radio observations can be a valuable tool in selecting high-$z$ quasar candidates for follow-up spectroscopic observations by decreasing contamination of stellar dwarfs and reducing possible selection biases introduced by strict colour cuts.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Hydration-induced anisotropic spin fluctuations in Na_{x}CoO_{2}\cdot1.3H_{2}O superconductor
Creators: name: Matano, K.
name: Lin, C. T.
name: Zheng, Guo-qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report ^{59}Co NMR studies in single crystals of cobalt oxide superconductor Na_{0.42}CoO_{2}\cdot1.3H_{2}O (T_c=4.25K) and its parent compound Na_{0.42}CoO_{2}. We find that both the magnitude and the temperature (T) dependence of the Knight shifts are identical in the two compounds above T_c. The spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T_1) is also identical above T_0 \sim60 K for both compounds. Below T_0, the unhydrated sample is found to be a non-correlated metal that well conforms to Fermi liquid theory, while spin fluctuations develop in the superconductor. These results indicate that water intercalation does not change the density of states but its primary role is to bring about spin fluctuations. Our result shows that, in the hydrated superconducting compound, the in-plane spin fluctuation around finite wave vector is much stronger than that along the c-axis, which indicates that the spin correlation is quasi-two-dimensional.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Efficiently verifiable quantum advantage on near-term analog quantum simulators
Creators: name: Liu, Zhenning
name: Devulapalli, Dhruv
name: Hangleiter, Dominik
name: Liu, Yi-Kai
name: Kollár, Alicia J.
name: Gorshkov, Alexey V.
name: Childs, Andrew M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Existing schemes for demonstrating quantum computational advantage are subject to various practical restrictions, including the hardness of verification and challenges in experimental implementation. Meanwhile, analog quantum simulators have been realized in many experiments to study novel physics. In this work, we propose a quantum advantage protocol based on single-step Feynman-Kitaev verification of an analog quantum simulation, in which the verifier need only run an $O(λ^2)$-time classical computation, and the prover need only prepare $O(1)$ samples of a history state and perform $O(λ^2)$ single-qubit measurements, for a security parameter $λ$. We also propose a near-term feasible strategy for honest provers and discuss potential experimental realizations.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
A detailed study of the bridge of excess X-ray emission between the galaxy clusters Abell 2029 and Abell 2033
Creators: name: Mirakhor, M. S.
name: Walker, S. A.
name: Runge, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine Suzaku, XMM-Newton, and Chandra observations of the Abell 2029/2033 system to investigate the nature of a bridge of X-ray emission joining the two galaxy clusters. By modelling the contributions from the outskirts of the two clusters, and excluding the emission from the southern infalling group and the background group LOS9, we find a significant excess of X-ray emission between the two clusters at the level of 6.5-7.0$σ$, depending on the choice of model, that cannot be explained by the overlap of the clusters. This excess component to the surface brightness is consistent with being emission from a filament with roughly 1.0 Mpc wide. The derived emission measure for the gas associated with the filament yields an average gas density of $3.7^{+1.0}_{-0.7} \times 10^{-5}$ cm$^{-3}$, corresponding roughly to 160 times the mean baryon density of the Universe. The Suzaku X-ray spectrum of the excess emission indicates that it is significantly colder ($1.4_{-0.5}^{+0.7}$ keV) than the cluster outskirts emission from the two clusters ($\sim$ 5 keV), statistically consistent with the temperature expected from the hottest and densest parts of the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). The geometry, density, and temperature are similar to those found from X-ray studies of the Abell 222/223 filament.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Brane Tilings and M2 Branes
Creators: name: Hanany, Amihay
name: Vegh, David
name: Zaffaroni, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Brane tilings are efficient mnemonics for Lagrangians of N=2 Chern-Simons-matter theories. Such theories are conjectured to arise on M2-branes probing singular toric Calabi-Yau fourfolds. In this paper, a simple modification of the Kasteleyn technique is described which is conjectured to compute the three dimensional toric diagram of the non-compact moduli space of a single probe. The Hilbert Series is used to compute the spectrum of non-trivial scaling dimensions for a selected set of examples.
description: 47 pages, 23 figures
Appropriate Fairness Perceptions? On the Effectiveness of Explanations in Enabling People to Assess the Fairness of Automated Decision Systems
Creators: name: Schoeffer, Jakob
name: Kuehl, Niklas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is often argued that one goal of explaining automated decision systems (ADS) is to facilitate positive perceptions (e.g., fairness or trustworthiness) of users towards such systems. This viewpoint, however, makes the implicit assumption that a given ADS is fair and trustworthy, to begin with. If the ADS issues unfair outcomes, then one might expect that explanations regarding the system's workings will reveal its shortcomings and, hence, lead to a decrease in fairness perceptions. Consequently, we suggest that it is more meaningful to evaluate explanations against their effectiveness in enabling people to appropriately assess the quality (e.g., fairness) of an associated ADS. We argue that for an effective explanation, perceptions of fairness should increase if and only if the underlying ADS is fair. In this in-progress work, we introduce the desideratum of appropriate fairness perceptions, propose a novel study design for evaluating it, and outline next steps towards a comprehensive experiment.
description: Companion Publication of the 2021 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW '21 Companion), October 23--27, 2021, Virtual Event, USA
Histories of Australian Democracy: Australian Centre for Public History UTS Working Paper
Creators: name: Pietsch, Tamson
name: Bongiorno, Frank
name: Clark, Anna
name: Flanagan, Frances
name: Rubenstein, Kim
name: Schultz, Julianne
name: Wallace, Chris
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: History
Australia
Democracy

description: Australian Centre for Public History UTS Working Paper on the Histories of Australian Democracy
A search for variable radio emission in the galactic plane
Creators: name: Taylor, Andrew Russell
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A description and the results of two surveys to search for highly variable radio emission in the galactic plane are presented. The surveys were carried out by making daily beamswitched maps of the survey regions and comparing the results of each day to the average of all days for evidence of variability. The first survey, at 21 cm, maps an area of 86 sq. deg. of the local spiral arm, in the direction of the constellation Cygnus, and searches for variability to a sensitivity of ~ 0.3 Jy. The second survey, at 6 cm, covers an area of 56 sq. deg. in the galactic longitude range (ℓˡˡ) 40°- 140°. The study of variability in this survey is not yet complete but variations at a level of ~10 mJy are expected to be measurable. It is concluded that large intensity variations (greater than ~ 1 Jy) on a time scale of days are extremely rare; only one possible variation at a level of 0.9 Jy was detected during the 52 days of the 21 cm survey. A preliminary examination of the 6 cm data reveals one highly variable radio source, designated GT 0236+610, that reached a maximum flux density of 285 mJy. The results of further observations of this source are presented. The 6 cm observations were averaged over the complete survey period and the data were searched for compact sources down to a level of 10 - 20 mJy. The positions and 6 cm flux density for the resulting 196 compact sources are listed.
Fahrlässige Mittäterschaft und Schuldprinzip
Creators: name: Ko, Myoungsu
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fahrlässige Mittäterschaft
subject: Schuldprinzip
subject: Fahrlässigkeitsdelikt
subject: Einheitstäterbegriff
subject: Psychische Kausalität
subject: negligent co-perpetration
subject: guilt principle
subject: criminal negligence
subject: single concept of perpetrator
subject: psychological causality
subject: 345 Strafrecht
subject: PH 3070

description: Die verschiedenen Konzepte fahrlässiger Mittäterschaft werden dargestellt und als nicht überzeugend befunden. Der Hauptteil der Arbeit analysiert nach der kursorischen Feststel-lung, dass das Analogieverbot der Figur nicht entgegensteht, konkret die Unbegründbarkeit fahrlässiger Mittäterschaft auf der Grundlage des höchstpersönlichen Schuldprinzips, das als verfassungsrechtlicher Grundsatz die Grundlage des gesamten Strafrechtssystems bildet. Die richtige Lösung bei fahrlässigem Zusammenwirken besteht in einer Vorverlagerung des Fahrlässigkeitsschuldvorwurfs unter Annahme eines psychischen Beitrags zum Erfolgseintritt. Dies entspricht sowohl dem Wesen der Fahrlässigkeitsdelikte als auch dem Schuldprinzip.
description: This study critically analyzes the various ideas for negligent co-perpetration and concludes that this legal idea is not convincing. The main part of this study is to analyze that negligent co-perpetration lacks justification based on the guilt principle, which is the foundation of the entire criminal justice system, although negligent co-perpetration could be established, since this does not violate the prohibition of analogy. And the desirable solution for cases of neg-ligent cooperation is concretely presented.: To advance the accusation of negligence in ac-cordance with the nature of the criminal negligence and the guilt principle. The criminal negligence is based on the single concept of perpetrator and the psychological contribution could establish the illegality of behaviour. In order to apply this solution, the illegality of neg-ligent behavior must always be proven. Then there is no need for negligent co-perpetration.
The Neuroscience of Advanced Scientific Concepts
Creators: name: Mason, Robert A.
name: Schumacher, Reinhard A.
name: Just, Marcel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cognitive neuroscience methods can identify the fMRI-measured neural representation of familiar individual concepts, such as apple, and decompose them into meaningful neural and semantic components. This approach was applied here to determine the neural representations and underlying dimensions of representation of far more abstract physics concepts related to matter and energy, such as fermion and dark matter, in the brains of 10 Carnegie Mellon physics faculty members who thought about the main properties of each of the concepts. One novel dimension coded the measurability vs. immeasurability of a concept. Another novel dimension of representation evoked particularly by post-classical concepts was associated with four types of cognitive processes, each linked to particular brain regions: (1) Reasoning about intangibles, taking into account their separation from direct experience and observability; (2) Assessing consilience with other, firmer knowledge; (3) Causal reasoning about relations that are not apparent or observable; and (4) Knowledge management of a large knowledge organization consisting of a multi-level structure of other concepts. Two other underlying dimensions, previously found in physics students, periodicity, and mathematical formulation, were also present in this faculty sample. The data were analyzed using factor analysis of stably responding voxels, a Gaussian-naïve Bayes machine-learning classification of the activation patterns associated with each concept, and a regression model that predicted activation patterns associated with each concept based on independent ratings of the dimensions of the concepts. The findings indicate that the human brain systematically organizes novel scientific concepts in terms of new dimensions of neural representation.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, open access publication
Learning Algorithms for Verification of Markov Decision Processes
Creators: name: Brázdil, Tomáš
name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu
name: Chmelik, Martin
name: Forejt, Vojtěch
name: Křetínský, Jan
name: Kwiatkowska, Marta
name: Meggendorfer, Tobias
name: Parker, David
name: Ujma, Mateusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a general framework for applying learning algorithms and heuristical guidance to the verification of Markov decision processes (MDPs). The primary goal of our techniques is to improve performance by avoiding an exhaustive exploration of the state space, instead focussing on particularly relevant areas of the system, guided by heuristics. Our work builds on the previous results of Br{á}zdil et al., significantly extending it as well as refining several details and fixing errors.
 The presented framework focuses on probabilistic reachability, which is a core problem in verification, and is instantiated in two distinct scenarios. The first assumes that full knowledge of the MDP is available, in particular precise transition probabilities. It performs a heuristic-driven partial exploration of the model, yielding precise lower and upper bounds on the required probability. The second tackles the case where we may only sample the MDP without knowing the exact transition dynamics. Here, we obtain probabilistic guarantees, again in terms of both the lower and upper bounds, which provides efficient stopping criteria for the approximation. In particular, the latter is an extension of statistical model-checking (SMC) for unbounded properties in MDPs. In contrast to other related approaches, we do not restrict our attention to time-bounded (finite-horizon) or discounted properties, nor assume any particular structural properties of the MDP.
description: 82 pages. This is the TheoretiCS journal version
Absolute frequency measurement of the 40Ca+ S1/2 - D5/2 clock transition
Creators: name: Chwalla, M.
name: Benhelm, J.
name: Kim, K.
name: Kirchmair, G.
name: Monz, T.
name: Riebe, M.
name: Schindler, P.
name: Villar, A. S.
name: Haensel, W.
name: Roos, C. F.
name: Blatt, R.
name: Abgrall, M.
name: Santarelli, G.
name: Rovera, G. D.
name: Laurent, Ph.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the first absolute transition frequency measurement at the 10^{-15} level with a single, laser-cooled 40Ca+ ion in a linear Paul trap. For this measurement, a frequency comb is referenced to the transportable Cs atomic fountain clock of LNE-SYRTE and is used to measure the S1/2-D5/2 electric-quadrupole transition frequency. After the correction of systematic shifts, the clock transition frequency f_Ca+ = 411 042 129 776 393.2 (1.0) Hz is obtained, which corresponds to a fractional uncertainty within a factor of three of the Cs standard. Future improvements are expected to lead to an uncertainty surpassing the best Cs fountain clocks. In addition, we determine the Lande g-factor of the D5/2 level to be gD5/2=1.2003340(3).
Bulk condensation by an active interface
Creators: name: Kant, Raushan
name: Gupta, Rahul Kumar
name: Soni, Harsh
name: Sood, A K
name: Ramaswamy, Sriram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present experiments, supported by mechanically detailed simulations, establishing bulk vapor-liquid condensation of a hard-bead fluid by a tiny population of orientable motile grains that self-assembles into a moving polarized monolayer. In a quasi-1D geometry two such layers, oppositely aligned, immobilize the condensed non-motile component. We account for our observations through a continuum theory with a naturally non-reciprocal Cahn-Hilliard structure, whose predicted trends as a function of packing fraction are consistent with our observations.
description: We have added Journal reference and DOI. The supplementary file was added as a link in reference. For supplementary videos, please click on the link below: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/19KhQcbNDJJTQsuF9Tr1apoEXon4UFyZv. Supplementary files are available at: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Si4iM-F031q4hjXWHidH9_7jf9DhKXsq?usp=sharing
Systematic investigation of the high-spin structures in the odd-odd nuclei $^{166, 168, 170, 172}$Re by a particle-number conserving method
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhen-Hua
name: Liu, Shuo-Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently observed two and four-quasiparticle high-spin rotational bands in the odd-odd nuclei $^{166, 168, 170, 172}$Re are investigated using the cranked shell model with pairing correlations treated by a particle-number conserving method. The experimental moments of inertia and alignments can be reproduced well by the present calculation if appropriate bandhead spins and configurations are assigned for these bands, which in turn confirms their spin and configuration assignments. It is found that the bandhead spins of those two rotational bands observed in $^{166}$Re~[Li {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. C 92 014310 (2015)] should be both increased by $2\hbar$ to get in consistent with the systematics of the experimental and calculated moments of inertia for the same configurations in $^{168, 170, 172}$Re. The variations of the backbendings/upbendings with increasing neutron number in these nuclei are investigated. The level crossing mechanism is well understood by analysing the variations of the occupation probabilities of the single-particle states close to the Fermi surface and their contributions to the angular momentum alignment with rotational frequency. In addition, the influence of the deformation driving effects of the proton $1/2^-[541]$ ($h_{9/2}$) orbtial on the level crossing in $^{172}$Re is also discussed.
description: 29 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables
Jeremiah Miller House, Mantle Details
Creators: name: Weber, Harvey A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Photographs
Photos
Historic buildings
East Hampton
Structures
Dwellings
Fireplaces
Miller Family

description: These images show the fireplace and mantle details in the Jeremiah Miller House located at 117 Main Street in East Hampton. This image was taken by photographer Harvey A. Weber (1917-1991) and is part of the East Hampton’s Heritage Photo Collection.
description: Images within East Hampton Heritage Photo Collection seem to have been taken or collected in relation to the East Hampton Heritage project, but not all of them were included in the final publication. Several photographer are included in this collection.
Super stellar abundances of alkali metals suggest significant migration for Hot Jupiters
Creators: name: Hands, Tom
name: Helled, Ravit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the origin of the measured over-abundance of alkali metals in the atmospheres of hot gas giants, relative to both their host stars and their atmospheric water abundances. We show that formation exterior to the water snow line followed by inward disc-driven migration results in excess accretion of oxygen-poor, refractory-rich material from within the snow-line. This naturally leads to enrichment of alkali metals in the planetary atmosphere relative to the bulk composition of its host star but relative abundances of water that are similar to the stellar host. These relative abundances cannot be explained by in situ formation which places the refractory elements in the planetary deep interior rather than the atmosphere. We therefore suggest that the measured compositions of the atmospheres of hot Jupiters are consistent with significant migration for at least a subset of hot gas giants. Our model makes robust predictions about atmospheric composition that can be confirmed with future data from JWST and Ariel.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Sleeping soundly? Sleep and the low dependency hospital patient
Creators: name: Carter, Diana Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 1984
Subjects: subject: hospital patients, sleep, nursing.

description: The research was undertaken following the award of a Scottish Home and Health Department Nursing Research Training Fellowship (1981-1983). The purpose of the study was to explore the nature of interactions that night nurses have with low dependency patients - particularly those patients who are experiencing difficulty in obtaining what for them is a normal night's sleep. The study was based on the assumption that the amount of contact patients have with nurses is largely dependent on patients' level of dependency on nursing staff for direct care; patients who are capable of a high degree of self-care - but who may nevertheless experience problems in relation to sleep during hospitalization - may not receive the nursing care appropriate to assisting them overcome such problems and thereby obtain sufficient sleep to satisfy their individual requirements. Fifty low dependency medical in-patients were interviewed to obtain details of their usual (at home) sleep patterns, and subsequently interviewed again on three consecutive mornings regarding their previous night's sleep in hospital. Over three quarters of the sample showed an overall sleep deficit when the total amount of sleep obtained in hospital over the three nights of their inclusion in the study was compared with the amount each would normally have expected to have obtained at home over the same period. During the same three nights to which the interviews pertained, observation of these patients' waking and sleeping patterns in conjunction with the nurse-patient interactions that occurred provided an insight into the nature of interactions that night nurses have with low dependency patients. It also facilitated measurement of the length of time any of these patients were awake during the night without any interactions taking place. Many patients who experienced initial difficulty in getting to sleep and/or wakened during the night and found it difficult to get back to sleep again had no verbal contact with the nurses. Interactions that did occur were mainly task-orientated and relatively brief.
Additional file 1 of Altered fecal microbiome and metabolome in adult patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
Creators: name: Wang, Wen-Wen
name: Mao, Bei
name: Liu, Yang
name: Gu, Shu-Yi
name: Lu, Hai-Wen
name: Bai, Jiu-Wu
name: Liang, Shuo
name: Yang, Jia-Wei
name: Li, Jian-Xiong
name: Su, Xiao
name: Hu, Hai-Yang
name: Wang, Chen
name: Xu, Jin-Fu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Inclusionand exclusion criteria for subjects enrollment. Table S2. Characteristics of the validationcohort. Table S3. Relative abundance of 23 altered genera identified in SPgroup. Table S4. Relative abundance of 50 altered genera identified in AEgroup. Table S5. Significantly variant metabolicpathways identified in each group using LEfSe analyses. TableS6. LDA score values of 23 differential genera. Table S7. Eighthundred and thirty-five metabolites identified both from HC and SP group. Fig. S1. Correlationsbetween clinical parameters conducted by Pearson’s correlation analyses. Fig.S2. Differentiated fecal microbialdiversity in three groups. β diversity calculated between HC and SP (a), SP, and AE (b), HC and AE (c) calculated usingunweighted UniFrac by PCoA. Fig. S3. Statistical LEfSe analysis of differentialMetaCyc_pathway diagram at P < 0.05 and LDA scores (log10) > 2. Fig. S4. Forty-fourdifferential fecal metabolites in the HC and SP groups. Fig. S5. Correlations between the 23 differentialgenera and 44 metabolites by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient analyses. +P<0.05,*P <0.01. Fig. S6. IL-6 levels in the supernatant of SFW-cultured MH-S cellsdetected by ELISA. +P<0.05.
Factors controlling the winter dominance of nanoflagellates in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia
Creators: name: Watanabe, Leslie N.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The alternation between a summer diatom population and a winter nanoflagellate population in Saanich Inlet is documented. Factors controlling the winter dominance by nanoflagellates, as well as the spring and fall transitions, are considered. Field monitoring of temperature, salinity, light, nitrate and silicate concentrations, and zooplankton size and abundance was conducted for the year November, 1975 to October, 1976 and compared with the pattern of phytoplankton succession during that time. This was supplemented with laboratory experimentation on the effects of light, temperature and photoperiod, as well as metabolic excretions and hydrocarbon pollution, on the growth of diatoms and nanoflagellates in unialgal culture and natural populations. Factors which were considered to be non-contributory to the winter dominance by flagellates included nutrient concentrations, grazing, excretions, and hydrocarbon pollution. Factors of some importance included temperature, photoperiod and water stability. The single factor of major importance was light intensity. Diatoms were found to be incapable of growth at winter light levels while flagellates were able to do so, due to their ability to maintain themselves high in the water column, and possibly due to a capacity for heterotrophy. A qualitative model is presented which relates the succession of phytoplankton in Saanich Inlet to temporal changes in various environmental parameters.
F-term uplifting and the supersymmetric integration of heavy moduli
Creators: name: Achucarro, Ana
name: Hardeman, Sjoerd
name: Sousa, Kepa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study in detail the stability properties of the simplest F-term uplifting mechanism consistent with the integration of heavy moduli. This way of uplifting vacua guarantees that the interaction of the uplifting sector with the moduli sector is consistent with integrating out the heavy fields in a supersymmetric way. The interactions between light and heavy fields are characterized in terms of the Kahler invariant function, G = K + log |W|^2, which is required to be separable in the two sectors. We generalize earlier results that when the heavy fields are stabilized at a minimum of the Kahler function G before the uplifting (corresponding to stable AdS maxima of the potential), they remain in a perturbatively stable configuration for arbitrarily high values of the cosmological constant (or the Hubble parameter during inflation). By contrast, supersymmetric minima and saddle points of the scalar potential are always destabilized for sufficiently large amount of uplifting. We prove that these results remain unchanged after including gauge couplings in the model. We also show that in more general scenarios, where the Kahler function is not separable in the light and heavy sectors, the minima of the Kahler function still have better stability properties at large uplifting than other types of critical points.
description: 25 pages, 1 figure, corrects typo in JHEP-version
Cohmeleon: Learning-Based Orchestration of Accelerator Coherence in Heterogeneous SoCs
Creators: name: Zuckerman, Joseph
name: Giri, Davide
name: Kwon, Jihye
name: Mantovani, Paolo
name: Carloni, Luca P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the most critical aspects of integrating loosely-coupled accelerators in heterogeneous SoC architectures is orchestrating their interactions with the memory hierarchy, especially in terms of navigating the various cache-coherence options: from accelerators accessing off-chip memory directly, bypassing the cache hierarchy, to accelerators having their own private cache. By running real-size applications on FPGA-based prototypes of many-accelerator multi-core SoCs, we show that the best cache-coherence mode for a given accelerator varies at runtime, depending on the accelerator's characteristics, the workload size, and the overall SoC status. Cohmeleon applies reinforcement learning to select the best coherence mode for each accelerator dynamically at runtime, as opposed to statically at design time. It makes these selections adaptively, by continuously observing the system and measuring its performance. Cohmeleon is accelerator-agnostic, architecture-independent, and it requires minimal hardware support. Cohmeleon is also transparent to application programmers and has a negligible software overhead. FPGA-based experiments show that our runtime approach offers, on average, a 38% speedup with a 66% reduction of off-chip memory accesses compared to state-of-the-art design-time approaches. Moreover, it can match runtime solutions that are manually tuned for the target architecture.
description: To appear in the 54th IEEE/ACM Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO 2021)
Additional file 1 of Word recognition memory and serum levels of Borna disease virus specific circulating immune complexes in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuanyuan
name: Alwin Prem Anand, A
name: Bode, Liv
name: Ludwig, Hanns
name: Emrich, Hinderk M.
name: Dietrich, Detlef E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental file 1. Study history and disclaimer.
Λ-buildings and base change functors
Creators: name: Schwer, Petra N.
name: Struyve, Koen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E42, 52E24

description: We prove an analog of the base change functor of Λ-trees in the setting of generalized affine buildings. The proof is mainly based on local and global combinatorics of the associated spherical buildings. As an application we obtain that the class of generalized affine building is closed under ultracones and asymptotic cones. Other applications involve a complex of groups decompositions and fixed point theorems for certain classes of generalized affine buildings.
description: revised version, 29 pages, to appear in Geom. Dedicata
Single Photon Source from a Nanoantenna-Trapped Single Quantum Dot
Creators: name: Jiang, Quanbo
name: Roy, Prithu
name: Claude, Jean-Benoît
name: Wenger, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single photon sources with high brightness and subnanosecond lifetimes are key components for quantum technologies. Optical nanoantennas can enhance the emission properties of single quantum emitters, but this approach requires accurate nanoscale positioning of the source at the plasmonic hotspot. Here, we use plasmonic nanoantennas to simultaneously trap single colloidal quantum dots and enhance their photoluminescence. The nano-optical trapping automatically locates the quantum emitter at the nanoantenna hotspot without further processing. Our dedicated nanoantenna design achieves a high trap stiffness of 0.6 fN/nm/mW for quantum dot trapping, together with a relatively low trapping power of 2 mW/$μ$m$^2$. The emission from the nanoantenna-trapped single quantum dot shows 7x increased brightness, 50x reduced blinking, 2x shortened lifetime and a clear antibunching below 0.5 demonstrating true single photon emission. Combining nano-optical tweezers with plasmonic enhancement is a promising route for quantum technologies and spectroscopy of single nano-objects.
Galaxy cluster strong lensing cosmography: cosmological constraints from a sample of regular galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Caminha, G. B.
name: Suyu, S. H.
name: Grillo, C.
name: Rosati, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cluster strong lensing cosmography is a promising probe of the background geometry of the Universe and several studies have emerged, thanks to the increased quality of observations using space and ground-based telescopes. For the first time, we use a sample of five cluster strong lenses to measure the values of cosmological parameters and combine them with those from classical probes. In order to assess the degeneracies and the effectiveness of strong-lensing cosmography in constraining the background geometry of the Universe, we adopt four cosmological scenarios. We find good constraining power on the total matter density of the Universe ($Ω_{\rm m}$) and the equation of state of the dark energy parameter $w$. For a flat $w$CDM cosmology, we find $Ω_{\rm m} = 0.30_{-0.11}^{+0.09}$ and $w=-1.12_{-0.32}^{+0.17}$ from strong lensing only. Interestingly, we show that the constraints from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) are improved by factors of 2.5 and 4.0 on $Ω_{\rm m}$ and $w$, respectively, when combined with our posterior distributions in this cosmological model. In a scenario where the equation of state of dark energy evolves with redshift, the strong lensing constraints are compatible with a cosmological constant (i.e. $w=-1$). In a curved cosmology, our strong lensing analyses can accommodate a large range of values for the curvature of the Universe of $Ω_{\rm k}=0.28_{-0.21}^{+0.16}$. In all cosmological scenarios, we show that our strong lensing constraints are complementary and in good agreement with measurements from the CMB, baryon acoustic oscillations and Type Ia supernovae. Our results show that cluster strong lensing cosmography is a potentially powerful probe to be included in the cosmological analyses of future surveys.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, submitted to A&A
Laboratory demonstration of a Photonic Lantern Nuller in monochromatic and broadband light
Creators: name: Xin, Yinzi
name: Echeverri, Daniel
name: Jovanovic, Nemanja
name: Mawet, Dimitri
name: Leon-Saval, Sergio
name: Amezcua-Correa, Rodrigo
name: Yerolatsitis, Stephanos
name: Fitzgerald, Michael P.
name: Gatkine, Pradip
name: Kim, Yoo Jung
name: Lin, Jonathan
name: Norris, Barnaby
name: Ruane, Garreth
name: Sallum, Steph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photonic lantern nulling (PLN) is a method for enabling the detection and characterization of close-in exoplanets by exploiting the symmetries of the ports of a mode-selective photonic lantern (MSPL) to cancel out starlight. A six-port MSPL provides four ports where on-axis starlight is suppressed, while off-axis planet light is coupled with efficiencies that vary as a function of the planet's spatial position. We characterize the properties of a six-port MSPL in the laboratory and perform the first testbed demonstration of the PLN in monochromatic light (1569 nm) and in broadband light (1450 nm to 1625 nm), each using two orthogonal polarizations. We compare the measured spatial throughput maps with those predicted by simulations using the lantern's modes. We find that the morphologies of the measured throughput maps are reproduced by the simulations, though the real lantern is lossy and has lower throughputs overall. The measured ratios of on-axis stellar leakage to peak off-axis throughput are around 10^(-2), likely limited by testbed wavefront errors. These null-depths are already sufficient for observing young gas giants at the diffraction limit using ground-based observatories. Future work includes using wavefront control to further improve the nulls, as well as testing and validating the PLN on-sky.
description: 30 pages, 12 figures
Physical properties of circumnuclear ionising clusters. III. Kinematics of gas and stars in NGC 7742
Creators: name: Zamora, S.
name: Díaz, A. I.
name: Terlevich, Roberto
name: Terlevich, Elena
name: Amorín, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this third paper of a series, we study the kinematics of the ionised gas and stars, calculating the dynamical masses of the circumnuclear star-forming regions in the ring of of the face-on spiral NGC 7742. We have used high spectral resolution data from the MEGARA instrument attached to the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) to measure the kinematical components of the nebular emission lines of selected HII regions and the stellar velocity dispersions from the CaT absorption lines that allow the derivation of the associated cluster virialized masses. The emission line profiles show two different kinematical components: a narrow one with velocity dispersion $\sim$ 10 km/s and a broad one with velocity dispersion similar to those found for the stellar absorption lines. The derived star cluster dynamical masses range from 2.5 $\times$ 10$^6$ to 10.0 $\times$ 10$^7$ M$_\odot$. The comparison of gas and stellar velocity dispersions suggests a scenario where the clusters have formed simultaneously in a first star formation episode with a fraction of the stellar evolution feedback remaining trapped in the cluster, subject to the same gravitational potential as the cluster stars. Between 0.15 and 7.07 % of the total dynamical mass of the cluster would have cooled down and formed a new, younger, population of stars, responsible for the ionisation of the gas currently observed.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
TRIS I: Absolute Measurements of the Sky Brightness Temperature at 0.6, 0.82 and 2.5 GHz
Creators: name: Zannoni, M.
name: Tartari, A.
name: Gervasi, M.
name: Boella, G.
name: Sironi, G.
name: De Lucia, A.
name: Passerini, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At frequencies close to 1 GHz the sky diffuse radiation is a superposition of radiation of Galactic origin, the 3 K Relic or Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation, and the signal produced by unresolved extragalactic sources. Because of their different origin and space distribution the relative importance of the three components varies with frequency and depends on the direction of observation. With the aim of disentangling the components we built TRIS, a system of three radiometers, and studied the temperature of the sky at $ν=0.6$, $ν= 0.82$ and $ν= 2.5$ GHz using geometrically scaled antennas with identical beams (HPBW = $18^{\circ} \times 23^{\circ}$). Observations included drift scans along a circle at constant declination $δ=+42^{\circ}$ which provided the dependence of the sky signal on the Right Ascension, and absolute measurement of the sky temperature at selected points along the same scan circle. TRIS was installed at Campo Imperatore (lat. = $42^{\circ}~26'$ N, long.= $13^{\circ}~33'$, elevation = 2000 m a.s.l.) in Central Italy, close to the Gran Sasso Laboratory.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Twistor-inspired construction of massive quark amplitudes
Creators: name: Schwinn, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analog of the Cachazo-Svrvcek-Witten rules for scattering amplitudes with massive quarks is derived following an approach previously employed for amplitudes with massive scalars. A prescription for the external wave-functions is given that leads to a one-to one relation between fields in the action and spin-states of massive quarks. Several examples for the application of the rules are given and the structure of some all-multiplicity amplitudes with a pair of massive quarks is discussed. The rules make supersymmetric relations to amplitudes with massive scalars manifest at the level of the action. The formalism is extended to several quark flavors with different masses.
description: 34 pages, 5 figures, v2: published version, minor improvements to text