cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Comment faire dialoguer les données d'analyses physico-chimiques avec les données documentaires sur les oeuvres : l'exemple de la base "La Fabrique de l'art. Couleurs et matériaux des enluminures" (journées cluster 2, 2-3 février 2023)
Creators: name: Denoël, Charlotte
name: Knapowska, Teresa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: analyse physico-chimique
matérialité
base de données
manuscrit

description: Présentation de Charlotte Denoël et Teresa Knapowska lors des journées du cluster 2 (le 2 février 2023) concernant un projet en cours de réalisation d’un site web de mise à disposition des résultats d’analyses physico-chimiques réalisées par le laboratoire de la BnF sur les manuscrits de la BnF
description: Ce travail a bénéficiéd'une aide de l'Étatgéréepar l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du programme d'Investissements d'avenir portant la référence« ANR-21-ESRE-0005 » (ÉquipEx Biblissima+)
Research on couple-based risk reduction interventions for men who have sex with men (MSM): Lessons learned about methodological and practical challenges
Creators: name: Wu, Elwin
name: Hess, Leona E.
name: El-Bassel, Nabila
name: Gilbert, Louisa
name: Witte, Susan S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Public health
Social psychology

description: A growing body of science supports the efficacy of couple-based risk reduction interventions to prevent HIV transmission. Compared to the amount of research with heterosexual couples, couple-based research with men who have sex with men (MSM) is nascent, especially with racial/ethnic minority MSM. Thus, it is important to identify challenges in adapting existing couple-based interventions originally for heterosexual couples—or developing ones de novo—for MSM couples.
Asynchronous Discussion Forums: Five Learning Designs
Creators: name: Hartwell, Amber
name: Anderson, Maya
name: Hanlon, Patrick
name: Brown, Barbara
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2021
Subjects: blended learning
online learning
instructional design
practitioners
higher education

description: This working document is for practitioners designing for blended or online learning modalities and using discussion forums to engage students in collaborative knowledge-building. Five learning designs and approaches for the reader’s consideration are illustrated. Each approach highlights some possibilities, requirements, challenges, possible scenarios, and related literature references. With each scenario, consideration for context (class size, location, etc.), pedagogical approach, and resource accessibility is recommended.
title: Labour Movements, Trade Unions and Strikes (Portugal)
title: Labour Movements, Trade Unions and Strikes (Portugal)
Creators: name: Dias Pereira, Joana
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Portugal
subject: Arbeiterbewegung
subject: Portugal
subject: Labor movement

description: This article focuses on the interaction between the development of industrial social relations and the political opportunity structure of state democratization in shaping the Portuguese labour movement. It argues that the First World War accelerated the emergence of an autonomous political identity among workers. Industrial acceleration, subsistence crises and foodstuffs supply policies enabled the construction of alliances between organized artisans and skilled workers on the one hand and an unqualified industrial proletariat on the other. Trade unions benefited from these new bonds, turning into mass organizations at the end of the conflict.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Incentivising sustainable and collaborative research
Creators: name: Ainsworth, Rachael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Working in a truly open, reproducible and inclusive way is not yet fully supported within modern research culture. Metrics, rewards and progression still focus on the publication record of the individual researcher and the end product of the research, instead of the process by which the research is conducted. For example, the sustainability of software and data which underpin research is vital to ensure the work is reproducible in the future and can be built upon, but is not sufficiently incentivised or supported. Emerging roles and ways of working highlight how unfit current measures of success in research are. Systemic solutions such as promoting collaborative ways of working and professionalising alternative but essential roles to support them, such as Research Software Engineers, Data Stewards and Community Managers, can lead to more sustainable, reproducible and efficient research.
"The land is sleeping" : local stories of hunger, food and fertility in southeastern coastal Tanzania
Creators: name: Woo, Mai Lei Margaret
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Theoretical developments in the study of hunger and famines are largely grouped into two schools, one emphasizing environmental factors and the other, social factors. However, narratives from Sinde village in Southeastern Tanzania blur the environmental/social divide to describe an interconnected social landscape. Local food narratives reveal that landscapes embody power that determines where people can or cannot farm and fish. Drawing on participant observation of everyday life in the village of Sinde, as well as 14 in-depth interviews and a focus group discussion with members of the community, the study provides insights into the social impact of the recent implementation of the Mnazi Bay Ruvuma Estuary Marine Park and the Mtwara Development Corridor and the processes of displacement and deepening poverty. Subsequently, increased constraints on livelihoods have intensified the outmigration of young men in search of work in urban centres or along the East African coast. Structural violence is revealed as inequality becomes embodied in the higher likelihood of suffering from hunger and malnutrition-related diseases. Social suffering is vividly expressed in the lament that the land has lost its fertility, where the land is connected to social relationships and social reproduction, such as in the increasing concern that children are too hungry to pay attention in school. Local food narratives describe the interconnectedness between the fertility of the soil and the social fertility of families to raise healthy children with viable livelihoods. This thesis explores the processes behind increasing food insecurity in Sinde to complicate stereotypes of a “poor” and “starving” Africa. It suggests that food insecurity is neither timeless nor the result of “backwards”, unsustainable practices but rather exacerbated by two large-scale conservation and development projects implemented in the region that have intensified a vicious cycle of deepening poverty and inequality.
SMARTCAT_Artifact
Creators: name: Bosi, Zhang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 460805
subject: Fairness, accountability, transparency, trust and ethics of computer systems

description: Artifact of SMARTCAT.
The artifact consists of three main components as follows:- Docker Image: Contains SMARTCAT's source code, dependencies, and experimental environment.- Datasets: Includes the Ground-truth dataset that we have committed to making publicly available, along with 20 attack contract source codes used to evaluate SMARTCAT's obfuscation resilience.- Readme: Contains instructions on how to run SMARTCAT and relevant open-source license information.
title: Russian Empire
title: Russian Empire
Creators: name: Sanborn, Joshua A.
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Russland
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Russia

description: The Russian Empire entered the war in order to preserve its Great Power status, but it ended the war in a bout of revolution and decolonization. The army had a mixed record in the war, losing several key battles but remaining a dangerous force until the middle of 1917. Mismanagement of civilian affairs by generals at the front and by the Tsarist government in the rear seriously exacerbated the economic and social upheavals associated with total war. The result was a year of revolution in 1917 that destroyed the monarchy, unhinged the empire, and led to a new communist state.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
A reverse engineering approach to the suppression of citation biases reveals universal properties of citation distributions
Creators: name: Radicchi, Filippo
name: Castellano, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The large amount of information contained in bibliographic databases has recently boosted the use of citations, and other indicators based on citation numbers, as tools for the quantitative assessment of scientific research. Citations counts are often interpreted as proxies for the scientific influence of papers, journals, scholars, and institutions. However, a rigorous and scientifically grounded methodology for a correct use of citation counts is still missing. In particular, cross-disciplinary comparisons in terms of raw citation counts systematically favors scientific disciplines with higher citation and publication rates. Here we perform an exhaustive study of the citation patterns of millions of papers, and derive a simple transformation of citation counts able to suppress the disproportionate citation counts among scientific domains. We find that the transformation is well described by a power-law function, and that the parameter values of the transformation are typical features of each scientific discipline. Universal properties of citation patterns descend therefore from the fact that citation distributions for papers in a specific field are all part of the same family of univariate distributions.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures. Supporting information files available at http://filrad.homelinux.org
Dance libretto as social text: the Italian dance librettos in the Cia Fornaroli collection at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
Creators: name: Tomassini, Stefano
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Dance

description: Libretto' means 'little book' and is from the Italian, used mainly to denote the words, as distinct from the dance and the music, of a dance performance or opera or musical play. The dance libretto is a written text, mostly in prose or (less commonly) in verse, of the complete plot of a dance performance. During the 18th and 19th century the libretto listed, with the summary of the story, also all the names of the individuals who participated in making the dance performance. It was sold at theaters to help the audience understand the performance and to establish a kind of early copyright for the choreographer. Occasionally, the librettos mention specific gestures and dramatic movements. Typically written by the choreographer, the dance libretto was often inspired from mythical, literary, or historical sources. But whatever its putative source, the libretto was also a very special kind of literature that resulted from the interaction among socialised norms of existence, cultural politics, body ideologies, stage theories and individualised senses of identity. At the risk of anachronism, the libretto is the "hypertext" of the past. As such, the libretto can be considered as a social text from which one can understand the social tensions between performing arts, literature, movement, gesture, and the relationships on which society is based.
Actin filaments are dispensable for bulk autophagy in plants
Creators: name: Zheng, Xiyin
name: Wu, Ming
name: Li, Xinyi
name: Cao, Jidong
name: Li, Jinlin
name: Wang, Jieling
name: Huang, Shanjin
name: Liu, Yule
name: Wang, Yan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Virology

description: Actin filament, also known as microfilament, is one of two major cytoskeletal elements in plants and plays important roles in various biological processes. Like in animal cells, actin filaments have been thought to participate in autophagy in plants. However, surprisingly, in this study we found that actin filaments are dispensable for the occurrence of autophagy in plants. Disruption of actin filaments by short term treatment with actin polymerization inhibitors, cytochalasin D and latrunculin B, or transient overexpression of Profilin 3 in Nicotiana benthamiana had no effect on basal autophagy as well as the upregulation of nocturnal autophagy and salt stress-induced autophagy. Furthermore, anti-microfilament drug treatment affected neither basal nor salt stress-induced autophagy in Arabidopsis. In addition, prolonged perturbation of actin filaments by silencing Actin7 or 24-h treatment with microfilament-disrupting agents in N. benthamiana caused endoplasmic reticulum (ER) disorganization and subsequent degradation via autophagy involving ATG2, 3, 5, 6 and 7. Our findings reveal that, unlike mammalian cells, actin filaments are unnecessary for bulk autophagy in plants. Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy-related; CD: cytochalasin D; Cvt pathway: cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; LatB: latrunculin B; Nb: Nicotiana benthamiana; PAS: phagophore assembly site; PRF3: Profilin 3; RER: rough ER; SER: smooth ER; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TRV: Tobacco rattle virus; VIGS: virus-induced gene silencing; wpi: weeks post-agroinfiltration
title: Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of
title: Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of
Creators: name: Schattenberg, Susanne
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Brest-Litowsk / Friede
subject: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

description: At Brest-Litovsk, from 22 December 1917 to 10 February 1918 (Julian calendar: 9 December − 28 January), Soviet representatives and the Central Powers negotiated a separate peace. On 3 March 1918, following the breakdown of the talks and a new German offensive, Lenin accepted the “dictated peace” that deprived Russia of eighteen provinces'' ''and nearly 30 percent of its pre-war population.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
From first symptom to treatment : a qualitative study of cervical cancer patients in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Holthusen, Corinna
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women in Ethiopia. This study describes the situation of patients with cervical cancer in Ethiopia and their path from first signs and symptoms to treatment. To different approaches were chosen: a literature research and interviews with cervical cancer patients in Ethiopia. Different problems and obstacles were found. Both patients and health care workers had little knowledge of cervical cancer. Leading to misinterpretation, misdiagnosis and misreferral. Together with logistic, financial and social aspects the patients face a complicated and long-lasting path. Future awareness campaigns can help to improve medical care for women in Ethiopia.
description: Gebärmutterhalskrebs ist der zweithäufigste Krebs von dem Frauen in Äthiopien betroffen sind. Diese Studie beschreibt die Situation von Patientinnen mit Gebärmutterhalskrebs in Äthiopien, ihren Weg vom ersten Symptom bis zum Beginn der Therapie. Dabei wurden zwei verschiedene Methodiken verwendet. Zum einen wurden eine systematische Literaturrecherche durchgeführt, zum anderen wurden Patientinnen mit Gebärmutterhalskrebs in Äthiopien befragt. Verschiedene Hindernisse und Probleme konnten herausgearbeitet werden. Sowohl Patientinnen als auch Mitarbeiter im Gesundheitssystem haben wenig Wissen über Gebärmutterhalskrebs, seiner Symptome und Therapiemöglichkeiten. Dies führt sowohl zu Fehlinterpretationen, Fehldiagnosen und Falschüberweisungen. Diese und weitere logistische, finanzielle und soziale Aspekte führen zu einem langwierigen und kompliziertem Weg. Zukünftige Aufklärungskampagnen könnten helfen, die Versorgung der Frauen in Äthiopien zu verbessern.
Employer Perceptions of Associate Degrees in Local Labor Markets: A Case Study of the Employment of Information Technology Technicians in Detroit and Seattle
Creators: name: Van Noy, Michelle
name: Jacobs, James
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges
Labor economics

description: Based on fieldwork in two distinct labor markets, this Brief compares how associate and bachelor's degrees are perceived by employers seeking to hire IT technicians. The study finds that there are particular positive and negative qualities, such as hands-on skills and lack of academic initiative, that hiring managers expect to find almost exclusively among associate degree holders. The findings also suggest that perceptions of credentials vary by local labor market characteristics.
Chemical modification of petroleum coke and applications of derived materials
Creators: name: Huang, Qing
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Chemical

description: Petroleum coke (petcoke) is a by-product from the oil industry and is a solid product mainly composed of carbon (> 80 wt%) with some impurities. These impurities, in particular sulfur, limit petcoke as feedstock for the application-like fuel. The aim of this thesis was to explore the possible application of petcoke without activation procedure, which took advantage of the highly aromatic structure and high sulfur content (6.5 wt%) of petcoke. Petcoke was used as a precursor for preparing solid acid catalysts through direct functionalization (i.e., without an activation step) with nitric acid to access the inherent sulfur. For comparison, catalysts were also prepared using sulfuric acid and a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acid (1:3 vol ratio). Although compared to the sulfonated petcoke, nitric acid-treated petcoke showed higher strong acidity, the ester yield was lower than that of sulfonated petcoke. The effect of acid treatment conditions and ball milling pretreatment on the nitric acid-treated solid acid catalysts were investigated. Higher treatment temperature resulted in higher total acidity but did not increase the amount of sulfonic acid groups. The acidity increased with the increase of the treatment time and remained stable after 6 hours. However, the yield of the product is not only related to the number of sulfonic groups but shows a negative correlation with total acidity/oxygen-containing functional groups implying the adsorption effect of oxygen-containing functional groups might hinder the esterification reaction. With ball milling pretreatment, the defects and aromatic hydrogen of petcoke increased, which promoted the subsequent acid treatment to obtain more sulfonic acid groups. DFT calculations were used to analyze the pathways of sulfonic acid group formation, and the reaction pathway with NO2• was the most thermodynamically and kinetically preferable. The side product from the nitric acid treatment of petcoke was collected and it showed fluorescence characteristics and therefore was used to synthesis carbon dots-TiO2 photocatalysts, which improved the hydrogen production in the photocatalytic hydrogen generation reaction. The results in this thesis helped to explore the possible modifications and applications for using petcoke and taking advantage of its highly aromatic structure and high sulfur content.
Ongoing Teaching and Curricular Agenda of Eurasian Studies: A Summation
Creators: name: Von Hagen, Mark L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: International relations

description: For three weeks in June, 2011, Columbia University hosted "America Engages Eurasia: Studies, Teaching, and Resources," a National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Institute.  This Institute examined the evolution of "academic" engagement with Eurasia: the historic personalities, institutions, organizations, and research resources that collectively constituted the foundation of Eurasian studies in America.  These components were considered within the broad framework of the geopolitical relations of America and Eurasia over more than 150 years, with the goal of establishing a more broadly applicable paradigm of area studies development in the United States (for Middle Eastern, East Asian, African, Latin American studies, etc.), suggesting avenues of comparative research. This presentation was delivered on June 25, 2011, by Mark L. Von Hagen, Director, School of Historical, Philosophical, and Religious Studies, Arizona State University.
Monte Carlo simulations of radio pulses in atmospheric showers using ZHAireS
Creators: name: Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime
name: Carvalho, Washington R.
name: Zas, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present predictions for the radio pulses emitted by extensive air showers using ZHAireS, an AIRES-based Monte Carlo code that takes into account the full complexity of ultra-high energy cosmic-ray induced shower development in the atmosphere, and allows the calculation of the electric field in both the time and frequency domains. We do not presuppose any emission mechanism, but our results are compatible with a superposition of geomagnetic and charge excess radio emission effects. We investigate the polarization of the electric field as well as the effects of the refractive index n and shower geometry on the radio pulses. We show that geometry, coupled to the relativistic effects that appear when using a realistic n>1, play a prominent role on the radio emission of air showers.
description: Replaced with version published in Astroparticle Physics
Two-zero Textures of the Majorana Neutrino Mass Matrix and Current Experimental Tests
Creators: name: Fritzsch, Harald
name: Xing, Zhi-zhong
name: Zhou, Shun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In view of the latest T2K and MINOS neutrino oscillation data which hint at a relatively large theta_13, we perform a systematic study of the Majorana neutrino mass matrix M_nu with two independent texture zeros. We show that three neutrino masses (m_1, m_2, m_3) and three CP-violating phases (delta, rho, sigma) can fully be determined from two neutrino mass-squared differences (delta m^2, Delta m^2) and three flavor mixing angles (theta_12, theta_23, theta_13). We find that seven patterns of M_nu (i.e., A_{1,2}, B_{1,2,3,4} and C) are compatible with current experimental data at the 3-sigma level, but the parameter space of each pattern is more strictly constrained than before. We demonstrate that the texture zeros of M_nu are stable against the one-loop quantum corrections, and there exists a permutation symmetry between Patterns A_1 and A_2, B_1 and B_2 or B_3 and B_4. Phenomenological implications of M_nu on the neutrinoless double-beta decay and leptonic CP violation are discussed, and a realization of those texture zeros by means of the Z_n flavor symmetries is illustrated.
description: 41 pages, including 4 tables and 14 figures, more discussions added, to appear in JHEP
title: Historiography 1918-Today (Latin America)
title: Historiography 1918-Today (Latin America)
Creators: name: Rinke, Stefan
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Südamerika
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: World War, 1914-1918
subject: South America

description: Scholarship on Latin American history has for decades largely ignored the First World War as a major event in which the continent played a part. This was mainly due to historiography’s focus on the nation and as well as initially on diplomatic and later social and economic topics. Only recently, with the rise of the new cultural history and global history, have the tides started to turn. Several important studies have now been published.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Panel I: Governance and Institutions in Unrecognized Polities
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: East Europeans

description: Two decades after the collapse of the Soviet Union the conflicts in Abkhazia, Nagorno Karabakh, South Ossetia and Transnistria remain unresolved and their dynamics continue to impact political stability, state-building and great power competition in the former Soviet Union. Over the last years, the international community‘s strategy for addressing them has varied significantly. By bringing together leading scholars, policy analysts, and NGO representatives from Europe, the United States and Eurasia to discuss these issues we hope to provide an opportunity to reflect on the last twenty years and to think about possible steps forward.
title: The COVID-19 Crisis in Romania: A Hypothesis around Penal Populism and Legal Culture
Creators: name: Mercescu, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Forum Transregionale Studien e.V.
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Rumänien
subject: COVID-19-Pandemie
subject: Rechtskultur
subject: Populismus
subject: Öffentliches Recht
subject: Rechtsstaatsprinzip
subject: 94
subject: 32
subject: 340.09

description: In this paper I seek to present a working hypothesis to be eventually developed in a future contribution, namely that the COVID-19 crisis exposed some problematic behaviours evocative of an authoritarian ethos on the part of both public authorities and citizens which suggest that a penal populist attitude might now be part or even embedded in the Romanian legal culture. Specifically, I will organize this contribution as follows: in the first part, I will briefly describe Romania’s reaction (as evidenced both in the official measures taken and the attitude of citizens) to the first wave of the pandemic focusing on the role of penal and military means; I shall qualify this reaction as containing some traces of penal populism. In the second part I shall offer a tentative mapping of the factors that can explain this problematic cultural reaction. Importantly, among these I include the successful fight against corruption with the consequence that what appears to have very much consolidated the rule of law in post-1989 Romania could be shown to have had the unintended and paradoxical effect of undermining the very same ideal.
description: Working Papers, Forum Transregionale Studien, vol. 6/2022
About the Use of Real Dirac Matrices in 2-dimensional Coupled Linear Optics
Creators: name: Baumgarten, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Courant-Snyder theory for two-dimensional coupled linear optics is presented, based on the systematic use of the real representation of the Dirac matrices. Since any real $4\times 4$-matrix can be expressed as a linear combination of these matrices, the presented Ansatz allows for a comprehensive and complete treatment of two-dim. linear coupling. A survey of symplectic transformations in two dimensions is presented. A subset of these transformations is shown to be identical to rotations and Lorentz boosts in Minkowski space-time. The transformation properties of the classical state vector are formulated and found to be analog to those of a Dirac spinor. The equations of motion for a relativistic charged particle - the Lorentz force equations - are shown to be isomorph to envelope equations of two-dimensional linear coupled optics. A universal and straightforward method to decouple two-dimensional harmonical oscillators with constant coefficients by symplectic transformations is presented, which is based on this isomorphism. The method yields the eigenvalues (i.e. tunes) and eigenvectors and can be applied to a one-turn transfer matrix or directly to the coefficient matrix of the linear differential equation.
description: 25 pages, no figures
title: Diplomacy (Portugal)
title: Diplomacy (Portugal)
Creators: name: Oliveira, Pedro Aires
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Portugal
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Diplomatie
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Portugal

description: The diplomacy of Portugal’s participation in the Great War was largely determined by the desire of elites to improve the international standing of the country, as well as by domestic factors related to the bitter quarrels of the republican regime.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Implementing Systems-level Reform: Institutional Change towards Transparency
Creators: name: Onie, Sandersan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: In recent years, the academic community has evaluated the research ecosystem and identified key issues which undermine the trustworthiness of its output. With it, myriad suggestions, and solutions. Despite this, change is slow and well-meaning initiatives often have adverse reactions. This is because the process of determining a vision for an ideal research system and implementing it are altogether different challenges. Furthermore, research systems in Asia, Latin America, and Africa are substantially more heterogenous than in North America, Europe, and Australia. For example, in many countries in the Global South, research culture is still labile due to the sudden introduction of policies and unique incentive structures which champion research quantity .Thus many ideas generated in one research system do not translate well and vice versa. The question becomes given reach region's unique state, how do we champion process and institutional transparency? In this talk I discuss the different factors that affect how we approach each country, including but not limited to existing policies, centralisation of research authority, and inherent cultural beliefs. Further, I outline strategies for reform using Indonesia as an example, from a grassroots movement to influencing national infrastructure and policy.
title: Gibbs, Philip
title: Gibbs, Philip
Creators: name: Badsey, Stephen
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Gibbs, Philip
subject: Gibbs, Philip, 1877-1962

description: Philip Gibbs was the most celebrated, and arguably the most important, of the British official war reporters attached by their newspapers to British General Headquarters on the Western Front from 1915 to 1918.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Panel III: Designing International Policy toward Eurasia's Unrecognized Regions
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: East Europeans

description: Two decades after the collapse of the Soviet Union the conflicts in Abkhazia, Nagorno Karabakh, South Ossetia and Transnistria remain unresolved and their dynamics continue to impact political stability, state-building and great power competition in the former Soviet Union. Over the last years, the international community‘s strategy for addressing them has varied significantly. By bringing together leading scholars, policy analysts, and NGO representatives from Europe, the United States and Eurasia to discuss these issues we hope to provide an opportunity to reflect on the last twenty years and to think about possible steps forward.
Power Electronic Converters for Hybrid Micro-Grids
Creators: name: Askarianabyaneh, Iman
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Electronics and Electrical

description: In this thesis, topologies and control systems of power electronic converters for hybrid micro-grids are presented. In particular, the converters presented in this thesis are single-stage AC/DC and three-port DC/DC converters. These converters are derived from a common structure, which consists of a dual inductor connected to the switch node of two switches. This structure enables high control flexibility and gives rise to providing soft-switching. A three-port nonisolated DC/DC converter and a new control system are proposed to integrate solar panels and energy storage in a DC micro-grid. The proposed control system utilizes the duty cycle as well as the switching frequency to control the power flow between the three ports. The proposed converter offers a low number of components, low cost, and high reliability. A system that comprises a totem-pole isolated, non-resonant single-stage AC/DC converter with a variable frequency control system is presented. The proposed system improves the converter's reliability by ensuring a constant dc-link voltage, which is independent of power flow. The converter uses small output capacitors to regulate the output current tightly. The converter achieves soft-switching at the turn-on of the MOSFETs. Moreover, it can achieve a high power factor and tight output current regulation. A new steady-state model was presented to describe the operation of the converter. A variable duty cycle control (VDC) system is proposed for totem-pole isolated single-stage AC/DC converters. In the proposed VDC, the switches' duty cycle is constant over a half mains period but different from each other in the negative and positive half mains periods. This feature allows high power efficiencies at low power operations. In the proposed VDC system, a new synchronization timing method and a new variable frequency modulation (FM) are introduced to mitigate the current surge issue in the transformer current at zero crossings of the mains grid. Furthermore, the time-domain analysis of the converter is presented for the VDC system.
Panel II: External Competition and Context
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: East Europeans

description: Two decades after the collapse of the Soviet Union the conflicts in Abkhazia, Nagorno Karabakh, South Ossetia and Transnistria remain unresolved and their dynamics continue to impact political stability, state-building and great power competition in the former Soviet Union. Over the last years, the international community‘s strategy for addressing them has varied significantly. By bringing together leading scholars, policy analysts, and NGO representatives from Europe, the United States and Eurasia to discuss these issues we hope to provide an opportunity to reflect on the last twenty years and to think about possible steps forward.
Collisions of inhomogeneous pre-planetesimals
Creators: name: Geretshauser, R. J.
name: Speith, R.
name: Kley, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of the coagulation scenario, kilometre-sized planetesimals form by subsequent collisions of pre-planetesimals of sizes from centimetre to hundreds of metres. Pre-planetesimals are fluffy, porous dust aggregates, which are inhomogeneous owing to their collisional history. Planetesimal growth can be prevented by catastrophic disruption in pre-planetesimal collisions above the destruction velocity threshold. We develop an inhomogeneity model based on the density distribution of dust aggregates, which is assumed to be a Gaussian distribution with a well-defined standard deviation. As a second input parameter, we consider the typical size of an inhomogeneous clump. These input parameters are easily accessible by laboratory experiments. For the simulation of the dust aggregates, we utilise a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code with extensions for modelling porous solid bodies. The porosity model was previously calibrated for the simulation of silica dust, which commonly serves as an analogue for pre-planetesimal material. The inhomogeneity is imposed as an initial condition on the SPH particle distribution. We carry out collisions of centimetre-sized dust aggregates of intermediate porosity. We vary the standard deviation of the inhomogeneous distribution at fixed typical clump size. The collision outcome is categorised according to the four-population model. We show that inhomogeneous pre-planetesimals are more prone to destruction than homogeneous aggregates. Even slight inhomogeneities can lower the threshold for catastrophic disruption. For a fixed collision velocity, the sizes of the fragments decrease with increasing inhomogeneity. Pre-planetesimals with an active collisional history tend to be weaker. This is a possible obstacle to collisional growth and needs to be taken into account in future studies of the coagulation scenario.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables
Transformative justice : the unforgiving and societal repair
Creators: name: Kingston, Charlotte
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: In both the discourse and practice of transitional justice the act of individual forgiveness has become conflated with the process of political reconciliation. The effect has been to delegitimize the political space for those who identify as unforgiving or resentful. Despite a lack of empirical evidence illustrating the consequence of forgiveness on the political landscape, forgiveness continues to be promoted in transitional justice narratives as though it necessarily advances the process of political reconciliation. In other words, it is perceived as having a social utility. This presumed collective benefit allows forgiveness discourse to overshadow the concerns that imposing forgiveness may have negative effects on individual survivors and communities transitioning away from mass violence. Using the data from South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Barometer, this work uses binomial logit to question the uninterrogated assumption that unforgiving attitudes represent a barrier to political reconciliation. Showing that it is possible to be both unforgiving and supportive of political reconciliation, this piece argues that the unforgiving also play a critical role in reconciliation processes. This work rejects forgiveness as an a priori good; showing the important role resentment and the reservation of forgiveness can play in demanding accountability and transformation. The testimony of the unforgiving possess a transformative capacity that is silenced by discourse and practices that conflate forgiveness with reconciliation. This serves to undermine the opportunity to generate transformed relationships through transitional processes. I argue here for the reclaiming of political space for the voices of the unforgiving and resentful in order to restore dignity to survivors and create the room for transformation of structures and relationships.
title: Communication Technology
title: Communication Technology
Creators: name: Bruton, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Kommunikationstechnik
subject: Communications, Military
subject: World War, 1914-1918

description: A selection of communication technologies, ancient and modern, was available at the outbreak of World War One. During the war, military communications evolved to meet new battlefield and military challenges. One of the most significant wartime developments was radio telephony, which led to the post-war introduction of broadcast radio.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Ground state and dynamics of the biased dissipative two-state system: Beyond variational polaron theory
Creators: name: Nazir, Ahsan
name: McCutcheon, Dara P. S.
name: Chin, Alex W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a ground-state ansatz for the Ohmic spin-boson model that improves upon the variational treatment of Silbey and Harris for biased systems in the scaling limit. In particular, it correctly captures the smooth crossover behaviour expected for the ground-state magnetisation when moving between the delocalised and localised regimes of the model, a feature that the variational treatment is unable to properly reproduce, while it also provides a lower ground-state energy estimate in the crossover region. We further demonstrate the validity of our intuitive ground-state by showing that it leads to predictions in excellent agreement with those derived from a non-perturbative Bethe-ansatz technique. Finally, recasting our ansatz in the form of a generalised polaron transformation, we are able to explore the dissipative two-state dynamics beyond weak system-environment coupling within an efficient time-local master equation formalism.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, comments welcome. Published version, including revised dynamics section and new discussion on the Toulouse point
Daughter of Vilna: The Life in Song of Masha Roskies
Creators: name: Roskies, David G.
name: Wisse, Ruth R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Jews
Songs, Yiddish

description: Presents the life of Masha Roskies as described in an address given by her children at the National Yiddish Book Center in Amherst, Massachusetts, on April 5, 1998. Focuses on the Yiddish songs she learned as a child and young woman in Vilnius, Lithuania.
Non-stationary effects in the system of coupled quantum dots influenced by the Coulomb correlations
Creators: name: Arseev, P. I.
name: Maslova, N. S.
name: Mantsevich, V. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We found analytical solution for the time evolution of localized electron density in a system of two coupled single-level quantum dots (QDs) connected with continuous spectrum states in the presence of Coulomb interaction. This solution takes into account QD electrons correlation functions of all orders neglecting any correlations between localized and conduction electron filling numbers. We demonstrated that several time scales with the strongly different relaxation rates appear in the system for a wide range of the Coulomb interaction value. We revealed that specific non monotonic behavior of charge relaxation in QD takes place due to Coulomb correlations. We also found out that besides the usual charge oscillations with the period determined by the detuning between the energy levels of the QDs a new effect of period doubling appears in the presence of Coulomb interaction at particular range of the system parameters.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Ultra-Wideband Ranging for In-Vehicle Smartphone Positioning
Creators: name: Zhang, Dongyu
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sensors, UWB, in-vehicle
subject: Engineering

description: Outdoor positioning technologies have advanced rapidly over the past decade and are now able to meet the requirements of many consumer applications. Nevertheless, some challenges remain around the efficacy of these technologies as it relates to the complexity of the indoor environment, obstacles, and layout. One of these environments is inside passenger vehicles. The use of smartphones in vehicles, and resulting distracted driving remains a challenge. This thesis proposes and evaluates a method to locate a smartphone inside a car by using ultra-wideband ranging sensors installed in the phone, the car, and possibly also in the car key. This thesis introduces the Ultra-Wideband ranging and wireless positioning technologies in detail and simulates and analyzes the performance of commonly used wireless positioning algorithms through ranging-based positioning methods. Based on the analysis of simulation experiments and the characteristics of each algorithm, trilateration using both the Least Squares method, and the Kalman Filter method were selected to track a smartphone in a car. The Kalman Filter was found to demonstrate better results compared with Least Squares when using weighted measurements, a height constraint, and a random walk dynamics model. Also, the horizontal accuracy of the driver's seat is increased by 40% and 60% in Least Squares and Kalman Filter, respectively. The results of simulation and real tests show that Ultra-Wideband technology can provide satisfactory positioning results for mobile phones and, potentially, passengers and physical objects in the vehicle, which indicates that the driver's driving state and the passenger's state can be predicted to some extent.
title: Shti︠u︡rmer, Boris Vladimirovich
title: Shti︠u︡rmer, Boris Vladimirovich
Creators: name: Peeling, Siobhan
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Stürmer, Boris
subject: Shti︠u︡rmer, Boris Vladimirovich, 1848-1917

description: Boris Shtiurmer was Prime Minister from January to November 1916, also serving as Interior Minister between March and July 1916 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from July to November. Denunciations of Shtiurmer in Russia’s parliament, or Duma, for incompetence and rumoured treason forced his resignation and destabilised the tsarist regime.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Transverse-Longitudinal Coupling by Space Charge in Cyclotrons
Creators: name: Baumgarten, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method is presented that enables to compute the parameters of matched beams with space charge in cyclotrons with emphasis on the effect of the transverse-longitudinal coupling. Equations describing the transverse-longitudinal coupling and corresponding tune-shifts in first order are derived for the model of an azimuthally symmetric cyclotron. The eigenellipsoid of the beam is calculated and the transfer matrix is transformed into block-diagonal form. The influence of the slope of the phase curve on the transverse-longitudinal coupling is accounted for. The results are generalized and numerical procedures for the case of an AVF cyclotron are presented. The algorithm is applied to the PSI Injector II and Ring cyclotron and the results are compared to TRANSPORT.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures