Archaeological Survey and Test Excavations at Williams Air Force Base, Arizona
Creators: name: Greenwald, David H.
name: Anduze, Richard
name: Mary-Ellen Walsh-Anduze
Publisher: name: SWCA, Inc. Environmental Consultants
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Chandler
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/80815/chandler
subject: Arizona
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2/arizona
subject: Williams Air Force Base
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/82484/williams-air-force-base
subject: Maricopa (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/3900/maricopa-county
subject: Colonial Period Hohokam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/6112/colonial-period-hohokam
subject: Hohokam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/21/hohokam
subject: Classic Period Hohokam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/8455/classic-period-hohokam
subject: Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/8/archaic
subject: Historic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/25/historic
subject: Protohistoric Piman
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/8458/protohistoric-piman
subject: Euroamerican
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/28/euroamerican
subject: AZ U:10:63(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/78446/az-u1063asm
subject: AZ U:10:62(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/78445/az-u1062asm
subject: AZ U:10:65(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/78448/az-u1065asm
subject: AZ U:10:64(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/78447/az-u1064asm
subject: AZ U:10:67(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/78450/az-u1067asm
subject: AZ U:10:66(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/78449/az-u1066asm
subject: AZ U:10:68(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/78451/az-u1068asm
subject: AZ U:10:24(ASU)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/78440/az-u1024asu
subject: AZ U:10:25(ASU)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/78442/az-u1025asu
subject: AZ U:10:20(ASU)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/78441/az-u1020asu
subject: AZ U:10:61(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/78444/az-u1061asm
subject: AZ U:10:60(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/78443/az-u1060asm
subject: Domestic Structures
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/256/domestic-structures
subject: Archaeological Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/339/archaeological-feature
subject: Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/355/pit
subject: Artifact Scatter
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/340/artifact-scatter
subject: Hearth
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/343/hearth
subject: Isolated Artifact
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/344/isolated-artifact
subject: Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/251/domestic-structure-or-architectural-complex
subject: Wood
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/15/wood
subject: Ceramic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/1/ceramic
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Fauna
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4/fauna
subject: Glass
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/6/glass
subject: Ground Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/7/ground-stone
subject: Building Materials
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/8/building-materials
subject: Metal
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/11/metal
subject: Archaeological Overview
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/1/archaeological-overview
subject: Reconnaissance / Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/7/reconnaissance-survey
subject: Site Evaluation / Testing
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/10/site-evaluation-testing

description: Archaeological investigations at Williams Air Force Base (WAFB), located in southeast Maricopa County, Arizona, were initiated in response to the 1991 Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission’s (the Closure Commission) recommendation to close WAFB following the passage of the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990 (the Closure Act) (Public Law 101-510, Title XXIX). Prior to closure or realignment of base facilities, preparation of an environment impact statement (EIS) was required, including documentation and evaluation of all cultural resources on WAFB. Each cultural resource was to be evaluated according to criteria established by the Secretary of the Interior for inclusion to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), with recommendations provided regarding each property’s eligibility and recommendations for future protection or treatment (National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended). If a property was determined not to possess qualities required for inclusion to the NRHP, further protection or treatment would not be recommended. Should a property be found to possess such qualities, provisions would need to be developed to provide future protection. If a cultural property could not be protected, a treatment plan would need to be developed and implemented to mitigate impacts to that property. Insomuch as this document presents the findings of investigations at WAFB, it is also designed to provide the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence (AFCEE) and the Air Force Base Conversion Agency (AFBCA) with information necessary to develop a Record of Decision that will detail acceptable measures of protection or treatment for each NRHP-eligible property. AFCEE contracted with Halliburton NUS Corporation to complete the EIS for WAFB. Halliburton NUS in turn subcontracted SWCA, Inc., Environmental Consultants, under Subcontract No. 4011 -92- 014, to conduct the cultural resource inventory for all portions of WAFB that previously had not been inventoried or were not occupied by existing facilities. SWCA conducted investigations on approximately 2000 acres of the base and examined inventory documents from previous investigations. Three cultural properties (sites) were known from previous archaeological efforts at WAFB and on parcels that lay adjacent to the base. The Midvale Site, AZ U:10:24(ASU), which lies under much of the administrative and residential area of the base, had already been surveyed and listed on the NRHP. The other two cultural properties (AZ U: 10:20, ASU, and AZ U: 10:25, ASU) were re-examined and included in the evaluation process; the Midvale Site received no additional study. In order to determine the number of cultural properties present at WAFB and to develop recommendations for those cultural properties, two levels of examination were necessary. First, a cultural resource inventory for the 2000-acre portion of the base not previously inventoried was conducted, resulting in the discovery and recording of nine additional sites (AZ U: 10:60, ASM, through AZ U: 10:68, ASM). The results are presented as Part I of this document. Second, to define site boundaries and determine NRHP eligibility, a subsurface testing phase was implemented at eleven sites. The boundary definition that took place was done primarily for planning purposes and was not meant to be definitive. Additional testing or monitoring may be required if construction occurs near the "boundary" of a National Register eligible site, and extent testing will be required on any eligible site prior to implementation of development plans. The results of testing are presented as Part II.