cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The initial Lorentz factors of fireballs inferred from the early X-ray data of SWIFT GRBs
Creators: name: Xue, Rongrong
name: Fan, Yizhong
name: Wei, Daming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We intend to determine the type of circumburst medium and measure directly the initial Lorentz factor $Γ_0$ of GRB outflows. If the early X-ray afterglow lightcurve has a peak and the whole profile across the peak is consistent with the standard external shock model, the early rise profile of light curves can be used to differentiate whether the burst was born in interstellar medium (ISM) or in stellar wind. In the thin shell case, related to a sub-relativistic reverse shock, the peak time occurring after the end of the prompt emission, can be used to derive an accurate $Γ_0$, especially for the ISM case. The afterglow lightcurves for a flat electron spectrum $1
description: 6 pages,1 figure,3 tables,accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Multiple Presents: How Search Engines Re-write the Past
Creators: name: Hellsten, Iina
name: Leydesdorff, Loet
name: Wouters, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Internet search engines function in a present which changes continuously. The search engines update their indices regularly, overwriting Web pages with newer ones, adding new pages to the index, and losing older ones. Some search engines can be used to search for information at the internet for specific periods of time. However, these 'date stamps' are not determined by the first occurrence of the pages in the Web, but by the last date at which a page was updated or a new page was added, and the search engine's crawler updated this change in the database. This has major implications for the use of search engines in scholarly research as well as theoretical implications for the conceptions of time and temporality. We examine the interplay between the different updating frequencies by using AltaVista and Google for searches at different moments of time. Both the retrieval of the results and the structure of the retrieved information erodes over time.
MOESM2 of EGFR-TKI resistance promotes immune escape in lung cancer via increased PD-L1 expression
Creators: name: Peng, Shunli
name: Wang, Rong
name: Zhang, Xiaojuan
name: Ma, Yueyun
name: Zhong, Longhui
name: Li, Ke
name: Nishiyama, Akihiro
name: Arai, Sachiko
name: Yano, Seiji
name: Wang, Wei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Basic information of EGFR-TKIs resistant NSCLC patients.
On generating some known black hole solutions
Creators: name: Rahaman, Farook
name: Jamil, Mubasher
name: Ghosh, Ashis
name: Chakraborty, Kausik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we have presented an algorithm to generate various black hole solutions in general relativity and alternative theories of gravity. The algorithm involves few dimensional parameters that are assigned suitable values to specify the required black hole.
description: 11 pages, Some sections are extended and several references are added, Accepted for publication in Mod.Phys.Lett.A
title: Annotated Bibliography on Highway Travel Exposure Research Methods
Creators: name: Wolfe, Arthur C.
name: University of Michigan–Ann Arbor: Highway Safety Research Institute
Publisher: name: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04gcfqs37
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1978
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91739
subject: Drivers
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90602
subject: Highway safety
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90621
subject: Safety factors
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90646
subject: Crashes
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91813
subject: Fatigue (Physiological condition)

description: v, 47 p.
description: A. General Concepts of Exposure Measurement ... 1

B. Use of Existing Public Records ... 5

C. Use of Traffic Count Data ... 9

D. Use of On-Road Observations ... 15

E. Use of On-Road Observations with Follow-ups ... 19

F. Use of Roadside Interviews ... 21

G. Use of Home In-Person Interviews ... 25

H. Use of License Renewal Office Interviews or Questionnaires ... 31

I. Use of Telephone Interviews ... 35

J. Use of Mail Questionnaires ... 37

K. Comparisons of Various Exposure Data Collection Methods ... 41

L. Comparisons of Various Exposure Measurement Methods ... 45
description: This report contains 87 entries relating to issues, methods, and results of research concerned with the measurement of highway travel exposure to the risk of accident, many focusing specifically on the measurement of vehicle miles traveled as the denominator in the calculation of accident rates for different categories of driver, vehicle, and environmental characteristics. Included are studies which make use of existing public record data; studies which obtain data by roadside counting, roadside observation, and roadside interview; and studies which obtain data by home and licensing-office interviews and questionnaires (using in-person, telephone, and mail techniques). /Abstract from report summary page/
Supplementary Table 2 from Walk the plank! Using mobile electroencephalography to investigate emotional lateralization of immersive fear in virtual reality
Creators: name: El Basbasse, Yasmin
name: Packheiser, Julian
name: Peterburs, Jutta
name: Maymon, Christopher
name: Güntürkün, Onur
name: Grimshaw, Gina
name: Ocklenburg, Sebastian
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 179999 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Most studies on emotion processing induce emotions through images or films. However, this method lacks ecological validity, limiting generalization to real-life emotion processing. More realistic paradigms using virtual reality (VR) may be better suited to investigate authentic emotional states and their neuronal correlates. This pre-registered study examines the neuronal underpinnings of naturalistic fear, measured using mobile electroencephalography (EEG). Seventy-five healthy participants walked across a virtual plank which extended from the side of a skyscraper—either 80 storey up (the negative condition) or at street level (the neutral condition). Subjective ratings showed that the negative condition induced feelings of fear. Following the VR experience, participants passively viewed negative and neutral images from the international affective picture system (IAPS) outside of VR. We compared frontal alpha asymmetry between the plank and IAPS task and across valence of the conditions. Asymmetry indices in the plank task revealed greater right-hemispheric lateralization during the negative VR condition, relative to the neutral VR condition and to IAPS viewing. Within the IAPS task, no significant asymmetries were detected. In summary, our findings indicate that immersive technologies such as VR can advance emotion research by providing more ecologically valid ways to induce emotion.
opis dla strefy kultury
Creators: name: Misiak, Marek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: film

description: Wprowadzajcie zaś słowo w czyn, a nie bądźcie tylko słuchaczami oszukującymi samych siebie. Jeżeli bowiem ktoś tylko przysłuchuje się słowu, a nie wypełnia go, podobny jest do męża oglądającego w lustrze swe naturalne odbicie. Bo przyjrzał się sobie, odszedł i zaraz zapomniał, jakim był. Kto zaś pilnie rozważa doskonałe Prawo, Prawo wolności, i wytrwa w nim, ten nie jest słuchaczem skłonnym do zapominania, ale wykonawcą dzieła; wypełniając je, otrzyma błogosławieństwo. Jeżeli ktoś uważa się za człowieka religijnego, lecz łudząc serce swoje, nie powściąga swego języka, to pobożność jego pozbawiona jest podstaw. Religijność czysta i bez skazy wobec Boga i Ojca jest taka: opiekować się sierotami i wdowami w ich utrapieniach i zachować siebie samego nieskażonym wpływami świata. 
Superconducting state in the non-centrosymmetric Mg_{9.3}Ir_{19}B_{16.7} and Mg_{10.5}Ir_{19}B_{17.1} revealed by NMR
Creators: name: Tahara, K.
name: Li, Z.
name: Yang, H. X.
name: Luo, J. L.
name: Kawasaki, S.
name: Zheng, Guo-qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report ^{11}B NMR measurements in non-centrosymmetric superconductors Mg_{9.3}Ir_{19}B_{16.7} (T_c=5.8 K) and Mg_{10.5}Ir_{19}B_{17.1} (T_c=4.8 K). The spin lattice relaxation rate and the Knight shift indicate that the Cooper pairs are predominantly in the spin-singlet state with an isotropic gap. However, Mg_{10.5}Ir_{19}B_{17.1} is found to have more defects and the spin susceptibility remains finite even in the zero-temperature limit. We interpret this result as that the defects enhance the spin-orbit coupling and bring about more spin-triplet component.
description: for a proper, high-resolution Fig.5, contact the corresponding author
Benefit-cost analysis as a thought process applied to alternative uses of recreational resources in national parks, with special reference to Banff National Park, Canada, and the Peak District National Park, England.
Creators: name: Strachan, Ann Margaret
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The intention of this thesis is to use the tool of Benefit-Cost analysis in the examination of differing approaches to land use in National Parks. The demand for all types of outdoor recreation is increasing rapidly, and the land resources held for recreation purposes at present are inadequate to meet this demand. National Parks are experiencing a share of this demand, and increasing use of the present resources is bringing problems to the National Parks. In most countries the resources of National Parks are used almost exclusively for recreation and its associated services, but in other cases the land resources in the National Parks support commercial uses as well. These two approaches to land use in National Parks are examined by means of case studies from the Canadian and British National Park systems. The facilities for recreation and the activities undertaken in Banff National Park, Alberta, and the Peak District National Park, England are described, and the problems that arise from the use of these National Park areas, both for recreation and other purposes, are outlined. The Benefit-Cost analysis process is used in the examination of alternative approaches to land use in National Parks. It is suggested that if the land resources in the Parks are to be used most effectively and efficiently, then a system of priorities of use should be established. Benefit-Cost analysis techniques are one method of arriving at such a system in a rational manner. This analytical approach can be used to evaluate between different land use schemes, e.g. between multiple-use and exclusive use as well as between different projects competing for the same resources. The analytical method is applied to two land use schemes in the Canadian National Park context. Without extensive survey, accurate figures and measurements of the exact costs and benefits involved in the two land use schemes cannot be obtained, so that in this instance Benefit-Cost analysis is used as a thought process only and no ratio is arrived at. However, Benefit-Cost analysis provides a logical method of approach to the discussion of alternative developments in National Parks.
title: The Use of a Discrimination Training Procedure to Teach Mand Variability to Children with Autism
Creators: name: Brodhead, Matthew T
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: Repetitive behavior and delays in communication are core deficits of autism spectrum disorder. As a result, individuals with autism often engage in repetitive verbal behavior, and they may not vary their verbal behavior, even when the situation demands it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a script training and discrimination training procedure on mand variability in preschoolers with autism. Participants were taught to vary their vocal mands in the presence of written scripts, a green placemat, and Lag schedule of reinforcement. They were also taught to not vary their vocal mands in the presence of the same written scripts and a red placemat. When the scripts were removed, all three participants continued to engage in varied manding in the presence of the Lag schedule of reinforcement and the green placemat. All three participants also did not vary their mands in the presence of the red placemat. When the Lag schedule of reinforcement was removed, two participants continued to engage in varied responding in the presence of the green placemat and unvaried responding in the iv presence of the red placemat. One participant did not engage in varied responding when the Lag schedule of reinforcement was removed. However, when the Lag schedule of reinforcement was re-introduced, varied responding re-emerged. Finally, all three participants demonstrated mand variability during snack sessions when their peers were present, and they maintained their varied manding after a 2-week follow-up.
Investigation of double beta decay with the NEMO-3 detector
Creators: name: Barabash, A. S.
name: Brudanin, V. B.
name: Collaboration, the NEMO
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The double beta decay experiment NEMO~3 has been taking data since February 2003. The aim of this experiment is to search for neutrinoless ($0νββ$) decay and investigate two neutrino double beta decay in seven different isotopically enriched samples ($^{100}$Mo, $^{82}$Se, $^{48}$Ca, $^{96}$Zr, $^{116}$Cd, $^{130}$Te and $^{150}$Nd). After analysis of the data corresponding to 3.75 y, no evidence for $0νββ$ decay in the $^{100}$Mo and $^{82}$Se samples was found. The half-life limits at the 90% C.L. are $1.1\cdot 10^{24}$ y and $3.6\cdot 10^{23}$ y, respectively. Additionally for $0νββ$ decay the following limits at the 90% C.L. were obtained, $> 1.3 \cdot 10^{22}$ y for $^{48}$Ca, $> 9.2 \cdot 10^{21}$ y for $^{96}$Zr and $> 1.8 \cdot 10^{22}$ y for $^{150}$Nd. The $2νββ$ decay half-life values were precisely measured for all investigated isotopes.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables; talk at conference on "Fundamental Interactions Physics" (ITEP, Moscow, November 23-27, 2009)
title: The Baker Cave Bison Remains: Bison Diminution and Late Holocene Subsistence on the Snake River Plain, Southern Idaho
Creators: name: Breslawski, Ryan P
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: The role of bison in the prehistoric subsistence in southern Idaho is not fully understood. Bison remains from Baker Cave, a late Holocene archaeological site dating to cal A.D. 1042-1265, however, provide evidence of pre-contact subsistence strategies in the region. This thesis focuses on the paleoecology of bison and their role in prehistoric subsistence on the Snake River Plain (SRP). The ecological study of bison focuses on the hypothesized trans-Holocene diminution in bison body size in southern Idaho, while a second study focuses on how these animals figured into prehistoric responses to seasonal fat scarcity. Although bison diminution and its ecological determinants are well understood on the Great Plains, the history of diminution west of the Rocky Mountains is less clear. Bison morphometrics from Baker Cave present the opportunity to assess bison diminution on the Snake River Plain. Bison morphometrics from Baker Cave are indistinguishable not only from other late Holocene bison on the Snake River Plain but iv also from late Holocene bison from the Great Plains. Further, the Baker Cave bison are smaller than early Holocene bison from the Great Plains and Snake River Plain. These results suggest morphological similarity between Snake River Plain bison and Great Plains bison through the Holocene, pointing to similar bottom up ecological constraints on body size. Although bison are common components of SRP archaeofaunas, their role in prehistoric subsistence is poorly understood. To shed light on this problem, I hypothesize that the Baker Cave bison assemblage resulted from hunters seeking skeletal fat. I test predictions drawn from this hypothesis with assemblage-level patterns in element representation, impact scar distribution, and fragmentation. These assemblage-level patterns track the skeletal fat utility of elements. These patterns, combined with winter procurement evidenced by fetal remains, support the hypothesis that fat-seeking behavior was a response to winter fat scarcity. A comparison with smaller bison assemblages from southern Idaho suggests that this fat-seeking behavior might have persisted as far back as the middle Holocene, although this requires confirmation from future studies.
AnAmeter: The First Steps to Evaluating Adaptation
Creators: name: Bernard, Franck Tarpin
name: Marfisi-Schottman, Iza
name: Habieb-Mammar, Halima
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents the online AnAmeter framework that helps characterize the different types of adaptations a system features by helping the evaluator fill in a simple form. The provided information is then processed to obtain a quantitative evaluation of three parameters called global, semi-global and local adaptation degrees. By characterizing and quantifying adaptation, AnAmeter provides the first steps towards the evaluation of the quality of a system's adaptation. AnAmeter is an open tool available as freeware on the web and has been applied to a selection of well known systems. To build this evaluation grid we also collected a number of systems that cover the full range of adaptation types.
Supplementary Table 4 from Walk the plank! Using mobile electroencephalography to investigate emotional lateralization of immersive fear in virtual reality
Creators: name: El Basbasse, Yasmin
name: Packheiser, Julian
name: Peterburs, Jutta
name: Maymon, Christopher
name: Güntürkün, Onur
name: Grimshaw, Gina
name: Ocklenburg, Sebastian
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 179999 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Most studies on emotion processing induce emotions through images or films. However, this method lacks ecological validity, limiting generalization to real-life emotion processing. More realistic paradigms using virtual reality (VR) may be better suited to investigate authentic emotional states and their neuronal correlates. This pre-registered study examines the neuronal underpinnings of naturalistic fear, measured using mobile electroencephalography (EEG). Seventy-five healthy participants walked across a virtual plank which extended from the side of a skyscraper—either 80 storey up (the negative condition) or at street level (the neutral condition). Subjective ratings showed that the negative condition induced feelings of fear. Following the VR experience, participants passively viewed negative and neutral images from the international affective picture system (IAPS) outside of VR. We compared frontal alpha asymmetry between the plank and IAPS task and across valence of the conditions. Asymmetry indices in the plank task revealed greater right-hemispheric lateralization during the negative VR condition, relative to the neutral VR condition and to IAPS viewing. Within the IAPS task, no significant asymmetries were detected. In summary, our findings indicate that immersive technologies such as VR can advance emotion research by providing more ecologically valid ways to induce emotion.
Transport and dynamical properties of inertial ratchets
Creators: name: Carusela, M. F.
name: Fendrik, A. J.
name: Romanelli, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we discuss the dynamics and transport properties of a massive particle, in a time dependent periodic potential of the ratchet type, with a dissipative environment. The directional currents and characteristics of the motion are studied as the specific frictional coefficient varies, finding that the stationary regime is strongly dependent on this parameter. The maximal Lyapunov exponent and the current show large fluctuations and inversions, therefore for some range of the control parameter, this inertial ratchet could originate a mass separation device. Also an exploration of the effect of a random force on the system is performed.
description: PDF, 16 pages, 7 figures
Two-slit diffraction with highly charged particles: Niels Bohr's consistency argument that the electromagnetic field must be quantized
Creators: name: Baym, Gordon
name: Ozawa, Tomoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze Niels Bohr's proposed two-slit interference experiment with highly charged particles that argues that the consistency of elementary quantum mechanics requires that the electromagnetic field must be quantized. In the experiment a particle's path through the slits is determined by measuring the Coulomb field that it produces at large distances; under these conditions the interference pattern must be suppressed. The key is that as the particle's trajectory is bent in diffraction by the slits it must radiate and the radiation must carry away phase information. Thus the radiation field must be a quantized dynamical degree of freedom. On the other hand, if one similarly tries to determine the path of a massive particle through an inferometer by measuring the Newtonian gravitational potential the particle produces, the interference pattern would have to be finer than the Planck length and thus undiscernable. Unlike for the electromagnetic field, Bohr's argument does not imply that the gravitational field must be quantized.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. To appear in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci
A geometric method of sector decomposition
Creators: name: Kaneko, Toshiaki
name: Ueda, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new geometric method of IR factorization in sector decomposition. The problem is converted into a set of problems in convex geometry. The latter problems are solved using algorithms in combinatorial geometry. This method provides a deterministic algorithm and never falls into an infinite loop. The number of resulting sectors depends on the algorithm of triangulation. Our test implementation shows smaller number of sectors comparing with other existing methods with iterations.
description: 17 pages, 2 eps figures
The leading principles of philosophy of education
Creators: name: Daniels, LeRoi B.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: What are and what should be the leading principles of method of philosophy of education? Traditionally, it has been claimed that the leading principle consists of the deduction of statements about education from statements in "regular" philosophy. It has further been claimed that differing statements about education differ because they have been deduced from different positions in regular philosophy. These claims are analyzed by applying some tools of modern philosophical analysis to the works of four selected reputable philosophers of education who are assumed to "represent" three of the chief modern "schools" of philosophy of education. This analysis reveals that the traditional characterization of the leading principles of method is at best very misleading. It reveals in fact that the leading principles of the Idealists and Realists are more accurately described as "pseudo-science" in which explanatory systems are devised by selecting statements about empirical facts or states-of-affairs and encrusting the system with terms which are metaphysical, synonymous and without empirical meaning. It further reveals that the writings of philosophers of education are also encrusted with ethical terms which have dominantly emotive meanings. The leading principles of the Instrumentalists are shown to be somewhat closer to those of the modern analytical philosophers and closer to the best of traditional regular philosophy. In conclusion, it is asserted that philosophy of education should in future have two leading principles: 1. The academic exercise of analyzing the writings of traditional philosophers of education using the tools of philosophical analysis. 2. The application of some or all of the techniques of philosophical analysis to empirical theories about education, such as learning theories.
title: USDA Forest Service Perspectives on Forest Management in a Changing Climate
Creators: name: Laatsch, Jamie E
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: The Forest Service faces significant climate change-related management challenges. Understanding employee perspectives on climate change will inform potential strategies to address these challenges. By analyzing data from key informant interviews and an internet survey of Forest Service employees in the Intermountain West, this study examined how Forest Service employees view and approach climate change, assessed how they perceive barriers to and opportunities for climate change adaptation within the National Forest System, and compared their perspectives across the organizational hierarchy, from district level to national policy making. The results show that although forest managers consider climate change a concern for the agency in general, they do not necessarily see how it affects the work they do personally. Although they tend to agree that climate change should be a high priority for the agency, their own ability to incorporate adaptive practices into managing a National Forest is limited by various constraints, including a lack of time, funding, and personnel, a lack of direction for on-the-ground management, and a communication gap, which has inhibited climate change-related knowledge transfer within the agency. Thus, more effective communication is needed to help forest managers see how climate change affects various aspects of forest ecosystem health in their own National Forests or districts, how climate change poses challenges to forest resilience, and what can be done to incorporate climate change considerations into their own work. The agency needs to focus on building trust, especially across its hierarchical structure, and on encouraging both vertical and horizontal information flow among employees to facilitate scientific knowledge sharing and to enhance formal and informal social networking for increased collaboration. The agency also needs to create more opportunities for district-level employees to provide feedback and get involved in climate change-related policy making, as they are a crucial source of local knowledge and experience and can be invaluable in problem-solving within the National Forest System. The insights from this study not only contribute to the Forest Service’s continuous efforts to adapt to climate change but also shed light on strategies that can be tailored by other natural resource agencies to address various management challenges within the context of global environmental change.
title: Manipulating Parameters of Reinforcement to Reduce Problem Behavior without Extinction
Creators: name: Kunnavatana, Soraya Shanun
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: Research has demonstrated that function-based interventions are most effective for addressing problem behavior. However, many function-based interventions, such as differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA), rely on extinction procedures. Extinction is not feasible in all cases and can be counter-therapeutic if implemented without optimal treatment integrity. Researchers have successfully implemented DRA without extinction when various parameters of reinforcement (rate, quality, magnitude, immediacy) have been manipulated to favor alternative behavior; that is, participants engaged in higher rates of alternative behavior when reinforcement was delivered contingent on both alternative and problem behavior, but the alternative response produced better reinforcement in terms of rate, quality, magnitude, or immediacy. Parameter sensitivity, however, has been found to be idiosyncratic and therefore warrants individual assessment. Previous researchers have assessed individual sensitivities to parameters of reinforcement in the context of problem behavior; however, this resulted in problem behavior occurring during assessment, which could be problematic given severe problem behavior. The purpose of this study was to use arbitrary responses to assess individual sensitivities to quality, magnitude, and immediacy of reinforcement maintaining problem behavior and use the results to implement an intervention for problem behavior without extinction. The results indicate that arbitrary responses may be used to identify individual sensitivities to parameters of reinforcement that maintains problem behavior. Additionally, interventions were more effective when parameters for which participants were most sensitive were manipulated than when parameters for which participants were least sensitive were manipulated.
Scattering effects on nuclear thermodynamic observables
Creators: name: Samaddar, S. K.
name: De, J. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nuclear thermodynamic observables like the temperature, volume and the specific heat as obtained from isotopic ratios in hot disassembled nuclear matter are examined in the light of the S-matrix approach to the nuclear equation of state. The values of the observables, as extracted without inclusion of scattering effects are found to be modified appreciably in some cases when scattering between the fragment species is taken care of.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, Minor modifications in text and figures. Phys. Rev. C (Rapid Communication, in press)
title: Sequential Quadrature Measurements for Plasma Diagnostics
Creators: name: Martin-Hidalgo, Julio
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: The ionosphere is the atmosphere layer characterized by its high concentration of ionized plasma. It has a great impact on radio communications with satellites, causing disturbances and disruptions. Therefore, it is important to understand and predict the ionosphere characteristics. The Sweeping Impedance Probe (SIP) is an instrument for characterizing the ionosphere used for many decades with great success. In this thesis, a new SIP architecture design is presented using the latest techniques and components available. The design is detailed and analyses have been performed to ensure the required performances. The new SIP will be flown in the Auroral Spatial Structures Probe (ASSP) sounding rocket mission in early 2015, and it is expected it will make the most accurate measurements to date. Lastly, the conclusions of this project are presented and future work is outlined for what will become the next generation of SIP instruments.
Effect of large-scale coherent structures on turbulent convection
Creators: name: Bukai, M.
name: Eidelman, A.
name: Elperin, T.
name: Kleeorin, N.
name: Rogachevskii, I.
name: Sapir-Katiraie, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an effect of large-scale coherent structures on global properties of turbulent convection in laboratory experiments in air flow in a rectangular chamber with aspect ratios $A \approx 2$ and $A\approx 4$ (with the Rayleigh numbers varying in the range from $5 \times 10^6$ to $10^8$). The large-scale coherent structures comprise the one-cell and two-cell flow patterns. We found that a main contribution to the turbulence kinetic energy production in turbulent convection with large-scale coherent structures is due to the non-uniform large-scale motions. Turbulence in large Rayleigh number convection with coherent structures is produced by shear, rather than by buoyancy. We determined the scalings of global parameters (e.g., the production and dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy, the turbulent velocity and integral turbulent scale, the large-scale shear, etc.) of turbulent convection versus the temperature difference between the bottom and the top walls of the chamber. These scalings are in an agreement with our theoretical predictions. We demonstrated that the degree of inhomogeneity of the turbulent convection with large-scale coherent structures is small.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures, REVTEX4
title: The Effectiveness of a Video-Based Preference Assessment in Identifying Socially Reinforcing Stimuli
Creators: name: Peterson, Rachelle N
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: The following study was conducted to find out more about a video test that could identify social activities that are motivating for individuals with disabilities. Commonly tests can be administered to find what physical items, food, toys, games and so forth, are preferred but the process becomes infinitely more difficult when social activities and interactions are involved. Research has shown that participation in reinforcing social experiences is critical for development and crucial in social skill building. In this study, a video-based test was analyzed to see how effective it was in identifying these socially preferred activities in three individuals with disabilities. The study began with a parent interview, to identify potentially reinforcing activities, and a brief pretest with each participant. The participants then completed the video test in which they were allowed to choose, via video, which activities they wanted to do. When the video test was complete, the activity that each participant liked the most and least was used in the final phase of the study. Each participant was given an individual task and in each session they were rewarded for completing tasks with their most and least preferred activities. For each of the three participants the most highly preferred activity increased their task completion and the lowest preferred did not have a significant effect. These results suggest that the video-based preference assessment was able to successfully identify social activities that were preferred and nonpreferred for each participant.
title: Yield and Quality of First-Year Corn Silage Following Alfalfa Stand Termination as Affected by Tillage, Herbicide, and Nitrogen Fertilizer
Creators: name: Clark, Jason Daniel
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine)-containing herbicides are a common and highly effective method to terminate alfalfa (Medicago sativa) stands. With the development and use of glyphosate-resistant (Roundup Ready®) alfalfa, this tool is no longer an option. The purpose of this research was to determine the optimal strategy to rotate from glyphosate-resistant alfalfa into silage corn (Zea mays). Studies were conducted in 2012 and 2013 at sites near Cache Junction and Cornish, Utah to determine the effect of tillage type and timing [fall conventional till (FCT), spring conventional till (SCT), fall strip-till (FST), spring strip-till (SST), and no-till (NT)], 2,4-D plus dicamba herbicide timing (fall, spring, in-crop, and a control), and N rate (0, 56, 112, and 224 kg N ha-1) on soil penetration resistance (PR), alfalfa re-growth, and corn emergence rate index (ERI), silage yield, quality, and economic return. The fall, spring, and in-crop herbicide timings across all tillage treatments reduced alfalfa stem count and biomass by at least 95% and 98%, respectively. Tillage reduced PR compared to NT to or near the depth of tillage. The ERI was significantly higher under FCT, SCT, and SST and when herbicides were applied in fall or spring. Silage yield, quality, and economic return were the highest when spring herbicide timing was used with all tillage types and timings and the fall herbicide timing under conventional tillage. Increasing N rates increased crude protein, milk ha-1, and dry matter yield. However, optimal yield and quality can be obtained with no additional N fertilizer. First-year silage corn yield, quality, and economic return can be optimized under fall or spring conventional till, strip-till, and no-till at the spring herbicide timing along with the fall herbicide timing for conventional tillage with no additional N fertilizer.
MOESM3 of EGFR-TKI resistance promotes immune escape in lung cancer via increased PD-L1 expression
Creators: name: Peng, Shunli
name: Wang, Rong
name: Zhang, Xiaojuan
name: Ma, Yueyun
name: Zhong, Longhui
name: Li, Ke
name: Nishiyama, Akihiro
name: Arai, Sachiko
name: Yano, Seiji
name: Wang, Wei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Quantitation results of Western blots.
Elliptic flow of gluon matter in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Xu, Zhe
name: Greiner, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Employing a perturbative QCD based parton cascade we calculate the elliptic flow $v_2$ and its transverse momentum dependence $v_2(p_T)$ for the gluon matter created in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV. To make comparisons with the experimental data at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), parton-hadron duality is assumed. We find that whereas the integrated $v_2$ matches the experimental data, the gluon (or pion) $v_2(p_T)$ is about 20-50% smaller than the experimental data. Hadronization via gluon fragmentation and quark recombination seems to be the key to explaining the necessary jump of $v_2(p_T)$ from the partonic to the hadronic phase. We also show that the elliptic flow values moderately depend on the chosen freezeout condition, which will thus constrain the shear viscosity to the entropy density ratio of the quark gluon plasma created at RHIC.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures, minor corrections, published version
Additional file 6 of Life expectancy among older adults with or without frailty in China: multistate modelling of a national longitudinal cohort study
Creators: name: Gao, Junling
name: Wang, Yujie
name: Xu, Jixiang
name: Jiang, Junjia
name: Yang, Shitong
name: Xiao, Qianyi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 6: Fig. S1. Transitions of frail states.
Scholarly Makerspace: Ein Lernort für digitale Werkzeugkompetenz in den Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften
Creators: name: Eckenstaler, Sophie
name: Grallert, Till
name: Schlesinger, Claus-Michael
name: Tirtohusodo, Samantha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Digital Humanities
Tool Literacy
Making

description: Poster zur kurzen Beschreibung des Scholarly Makerspace an der Universitätsbibliothek der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
Outcomes of multivariate statistical analyses from Emergence of persistent institutionalized inequality at the bridge river site, British Columbia: the roles of managerial mutualism and coercion
Creators: name: Prentiss, Anna Marie
name: Foor, Thomas A.
name: Hampton, Ashley
name: Walsh, Matthew J.
name: Denis, Megan
name: Edwards, Alysha
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: These four tables provide initial statistics (total variance explained) and component loading matrices for principal components analyses of wealth and subsistence measures.
title: Lifecycle Assessment of Microalgae to Biofuel: Thermochemical Processing through Hydrothermal Liquefaction or Pyrolysis
Creators: name: Bennion, Edward P
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: Microalgae have many desirable attributes as a renewable energy recourse. These include use of poor quality land, high yields, and it is not a food recourse. This research focusses on the energetic and environmental impact of processing microalgae into a renewable diesel. Two thermochemical bio-oil recovery processes are analyzed, pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). System boundaries include microalgae growth, dewatering, thermochemical bio-oil recovery, bio-oil stabilization, conversion to renewable diesel, and transportation to the pump. Two system models were developed, a small-scale experimental and an industrial-scale. The small-scale system model is based on experimental data and literature. The industrial-scale system model leverages the small scale system model with scaling and optimization to represent an industrial-scaled process. The HTL and pyrolysis pathways were evaluated based on net energy ratio (NER), defined here as energy consumed over energy produced, and global warming potential (GWP). NER results for biofuel production through the industrial-scaled HTL pathway were determined to be 1.23 with corresponding greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of -11.4 g CO2 eq (MJ renewable diesel)-1. Biofuel production through the industrial-scaled pyrolysis pathway gives a NER of 2.27 and GHG emissions of 210 g CO2 eq (MJ renewable diesel)-1. For reference, conventional diesel has an NER of 0.2 and GHG emissions of 18.9 g CO2 eq MJ-1 with a similar system boundary. The large NER and GHG emissions associated with the pyrolysis pathway are attributed to feedstock drying requirements and combustion of co-products to improve system energetics. Process energetics with HTL and pyrolysis are not currently favorable for an industrial scaled system. However, processing of microalgae to biofuel with bio-oil recovery through HTL does produce a favorable environmental impact and a NER which is close to the breakeven point of one.
A Bisimulation-based Method for Proving the Validity of Equations in GSOS Languages
Creators: name: Aceto, Luca
name: Cimini, Matteo
name: Ingolfsdottir, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a bisimulation-based method for establishing the soundness of equations between terms constructed using operations whose semantics is specified by rules in the GSOS format of Bloom, Istrail and Meyer. The method is inspired by de Simone's FH-bisimilarity and uses transition rules as schematic transitions in a bisimulation-like relation between open terms. The soundness of the method is proven and examples showing its applicability are provided. The proposed bisimulation-based proof method is incomplete, but the article offers some completeness results for restricted classes of GSOS specifications.
Infrared and X-ray Simultaneous Spectroscopy: A Novel Conceptual Beamline Design for Time Resolved Experiments
Creators: name: A. Marcelli
name: Xu, Wei
name: D. Hampai
name: L. Malfatti
name: P. Innocenzi
name: U. Schade
name: Z. Wu
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2010

description: Many physical/chemical processes such as metal-insulator transitions or self-assembly phenomena involve correlated changes of electronic and atomic structure in a wide time range from microseconds to minutes. To investigate these dynamical processes we not only need a highly brilliance photon source in order to achieve high spatial and time resolution but new experimental methods have to be implemented. Here we present a new optical layout to perform simultaneous or concurrent Infrared and X-ray measurements. This approach may indeed return unique information such as the interplay between structural changes and chemical processes occurring in the investigated sample. A beamline combining two X-ray and IR beams may really take advantage of the unique synchrotron radiation properties: the high brilliance and the broad spectrum. In this contribution we will describe the conceptual layout and the expected performance of a complex system designed to collect IR and X-ray radiation from the same bending magnet on a third generation synchrotron radiation ring. If realized, this beamline will allow time resolved spectroscopy experiments offering new scientific opportunities in many frontier researches.
First direct observation of Spin-textures in Topological Insulators : Spin-resolved ARPES as a probe of topological quantum spin Hall effect and Berry's phase
Creators: name: Hsieh, D.
name: Xia, Y.
name: Wray, L.
name: Qian, D.
name: Pal, A.
name: Dil, J. H.
name: Meier, F.
name: Osterwalder, J.
name: Bihlmayer, G.
name: Kane, C. L.
name: Hor, Y. S.
name: Cava, R. J.
name: Hasan, M. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A topologically ordered material is characterized by a rare quantum organization of electrons that evades the conventional spontaneously broken symmetry based classification of condensed matter. Exotic spin transport phenomena such as the dissipationless quantum spin Hall effect have been speculated to originate from a novel topological order whose identification requires a spin sensitive measurement, which does not exist to this date in any system (neither in Hg(Cd)Te quantum wells nor in the topological insulator BiSb). Using Mott polarimetry, we probe the spin degrees of freedom of these quantum spin Hall states and demonstrate that topological quantum numbers are uniquely determined from spin texture imaging measurements. Applying this method to the Bi{1-x}Sb{x} series, we identify the origin of its novel order and unusual chiral properties. These results taken together constitute the first observation of surface electrons collectively carrying a geometrical quantum (Berry's) phase and definite chirality (mirror Chern number, n_M =-1), which are the key electronic properties for realizing topological computing bits with intrinsic spin Hall-like topological phenomena. Our spin-resolved results not only provides the first clear proof of a topological insulating state in nature but also demonstrate the utility of spin-resolved ARPES technique in measuring the quantum spin Hall phases of matter.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, first Submitted to SCIENCE on July-22, 2008