cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Infant Saliva Levels of microRNA miR-151a-3p Are Associated with Risk for Neurodevelopmental Delay
Creators: name: Hicks, Steven D
name: Confair, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Health Research Alliance
Year: 2023
Subjects: Infant and child health

description: Prompt recognition of neurodevelopmental delay is critical for optimizing developmental trajectories. Currently, this is achieved with caregiver questionnaires whose sensitivity and specificity can be limited by socioeconomic and cultural factors. This prospective study of 121 term infants tested the hypothesis that microRNA measurement could aid early recognition of infants at risk for neurodevelopmental delay. Levels of four salivary microRNAs implicated in childhood autism (miR-125a-5p, miR-148a-5p, miR-151a-3p, miR-28-3p) were measured at 6 months of age, and compared between infants who displayed risk for neurodevelopmental delay at 18 months (n = 20) and peers with typical development (n = 101), based on clinical evaluation aided by the Survey of Wellbeing in Young Children (SWYC). Accuracy of microRNAs for predicting neurodevelopmental concerns at 18 months was compared to the clinical standard (9-month SWYC). Infants with neurodevelopmental concerns at 18 months displayed higher levels of miR-125a-5p (d = 0.30, p = 0.018, adj p = 0.049), miR-151a-3p (d = 0.30, p = 0.017, adj p = 0.048), and miR-28-3p (d = 0.31, p = 0.014, adj p = 0.048). Levels of miR-151a-3p were associated with an 18-month SWYC score (R = −0.19, p = 0.021) and probability of neurodevelopmental delay at 18 months (OR = 1.91, 95% CI, 1.14–3.19). Salivary levels of miR-151a-3p enhanced predictive accuracy for future neurodevelopmental delay (p = 0.010, X2 = 6.71, AUC = 0.71) compared to the 9-month SWYC score alone (OR = 0.56, 95% CI, 0.20–1.58, AUC = 0.567). This pilot study provides evidence that miR-151a-3p may aid the identification of infants at risk for neurodevelopmental delay. External validation of these findings is necessary
Homogeneous and Isotropic Turbulence: a short survey on recent developments
Creators: name: Benzi, R.
name: Biferale, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed review of some of the most recent developments on Eulerian and Lagrangian turbulence in homogeneous and isotropic statistics. In particular, we review phenomenological and numerical results concerning the issue of universality with respect to the large scale forcing and the viscous dissipative physics. We discuss the state-of-the-art of numerical versus experimental comparisons and we discuss the dicotomy between phenomenology based on coherent structures or on statistical approaches. A detailed discussion of finite Reynolds effects is also presented.
description: based on the talk presented by R. Benzi at DSFD 2-14. postprint version, published online on 6 July 2015 J. Stat. Phys
Rare b hadron decays at the LHC
Creators: name: Blake, T.
name: Gershon, T.
name: Hiller, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the completion of Run~I of the CERN Large Hadron Collider, particle physics has entered a new era. The production of unprecedented numbers of heavy-flavoured hadrons in high energy proton-proton collisions allows detailed studies of flavour-changing processes. The increasingly precise measurements allow to probe the Standard Model with a new level of accuracy. Rare $b$ hadron decays provide some of the most promising approaches for such tests, since there are several observables which can be cleanly interpreted from a theoretical viewpoint. In this article, the status and prospects in this field are reviewed, with a focus on precision measurements and null tests.
description: Invited review for Annual Reviews of Nuclear and Particle Physics. v2 as published
Chemoenzymatic synthesis and structural characterization of 2-O-sulfated glucuronic acid-containing heparan sulfate hexasaccharides
Creators: name: Xu, Yongmei
name: Hsieh, Po-Hung
name: Keire, David A
name: Liu, Jian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Heparan sulfate and heparin are highly sulfated polysaccharides that consist of a repeating disaccharide unit of glucosamine and glucuronic or iduronic acid. The 2-O-sulfated iduronic acid (IdoA2S) residue is commonly found in heparan sulfate and heparin; however, 2-O-sulfated glucuronic acid (GlcA2S) is a less abundant monosaccharide (∼<5% of total saccharides). Here, we report the synthesis of three GlcA2S-containing hexasaccharides using a chemoenzymatic approach. For comparison purposes, additional IdoA2S-containing hexasaccharides were synthesized. Nuclear magnetic resonance analyses were performed to obtain full chemical shift assignments for the GlcA2S- and IdoA2S-hexasaccharides. These data show that GlcA2S is a more structurally rigid saccharide residue than IdoA2S. The antithrombin (AT) binding affinities of a GlcA2S- and an IdoA2S-hexasaccharide were determined by affinity co-electrophoresis. In contrast to IdoA2S-hexasaccharides, the GlcA2S-hexasaccharide does not bind to AT, confirming that the presence of IdoA2S is critically important for the anticoagulant activity. The availability of pure synthetic GlcA2S-containing oligosaccharides will allow the investigation of the structure and activity relationships of individual sites in heparin or heparan sulfate.
Semiparametric Localized Bandwidth Selection for Kernel Density Estimation
Creators: name: Cheng, Tingting
name: Gao, Jiti
name: Zhang, Xibin
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: Since conventional cross–validation bandwidth selection methods don’t work for the case where the data considered are dependent time series, alternative bandwidth selection methods are needed. In recent years, Bayesian based global bandwidth selection methods have been proposed. Our experience shows that the use of a global bandwidth is however less suitable than using a localized bandwidth in kernel density estimation in the case where the data are dependent time series as discussed in an empirical application of this paper. Nonetheless, a difficult issue is how we can consistently estimate a localized bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a semiparametric estimation method, for which we establish a completely new asymptotic theory for the proposed semiparametric localized bandwidth estimator. Applications of the new bandwidth estimator to the kernel density estimation of Eurodollar deposit rate and the S&P 500 daily return demonstrate the effectiveness and competitiveness of the proposed semiparametric localized bandwidth.
Recent advances in 3D printing for floating drug delivery platforms
Creators: name: Pornsak Sriamornsak
name: Kampanart Huanbutta
name: Tanikan Sangnim
Publisher: name: Silpakorn University Research Innovation and Creativity Administration Office
Year: 2022
Subjects: additive manufacturing
3D printing
gastro-retentive drug delivery system
floating drug delivery system

description: Science, Engineering and Health Studies, 16, , 22010001
Bayesian Estimation for Partially Linear Models with an Application to Household Gasoline Consumption
Creators: name: Chen, Haotian
name: Zhang, Xibin
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: A partially linear model is often estimated in a two-stage procedure, which involves estimating the nonlinear component conditional on initially estimated linear coefficients. We propose a sampling procedure that aims to simultaneously estimate the linear coefficients and bandwidths involved in the Nadaraya-Watson estimator of the nonlinear component. The performance of this sampling procedure is demonstrated through Monte Carlo simulation studies. The proposed sampling algorithm is applied to partially linear models of gasoline consumption based on the US household survey data. In contrary to implausible price effect reported in the literature, we find negative price effect on household gasoline consumption.
Systemically delivered insulin-like growth factor-I enhances mesenchymal stem cell-dependent fracture healing
Creators: name: Ozkhan, Huseyin
name: Li, Tieshi
name: Myers, Timothy J.
name: Contaldo, Clara
name: Yan, Yun
name: Weis, Jared A.
name: Longobardi, Lara
name: Li, Ying
name: Granero-Molto, Froilan
name: Spagnoli, Anna
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: In this study, we examined the effectiveness of systemic subcutaneous delivery of recombinant Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I concurrently with primary cultured bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplant on fracture repair. We found that the fracture callus volume increased in mice with a stabilized tibia fracture that received IGF-I + MSC when compared with that in either untreated or MSC alone treated mice. In evaluating the callus tissue components, we found that the soft and new bone tissue volumes were significantly increased in IGF-I + MSC recipients. Histological and in-situ hybridization analyses confirmed a characteristic increase of newly forming bone in IGF-I + MSC recipients and that healing progressed mostly through endochondral ossification. The increase in soft and new bone tissue volumes correlated with increased force and toughness as determined by biomechanical testing. In conclusion, MSC transplant concurrent with systemic delivery of IGF-I improves fracture repair suggesting that IGF-I + MSC could be a novel therapeutic approach in patients who have inadequate fracture repair.
Role of the integrin αVβ3 in mediating increased smooth muscle cell responsiveness to IGF-I in response to hyperglycemic stress
Creators: name: Busby, Walker H.
name: Yarber, J.
name: Maile, Laura A.
name: Clemmons, David R.
name: Ling, Yan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Under usual conditions, the role of IGF-I in vascular cell types is to maintain cellular protein synthesis and cell size, and even excess IGF-I does not stimulate proliferation. In pathophysiologic states, such as hyperglycemia, smooth muscle cells (SMC) de-differentiate and change their responsiveness to IGF-I. During hyperglycemia IGF-I stimulates both SMC migration and proliferation. Our laboratory has investigated the molecular mechanism by which this change is mediated. Following hyperglycemia SMC secrete increased concentrations of thrombospondin, vitronectin and osteopontin, ligands for the integrin αVβ3. Activation of αVβ3 stimulates recruitment of a tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-2. Exposure of SMC to IGF-I results in phosphorylation of the transmembrane protein, SHPS-1, which provides a docking site for αVβ3-associated SHP-2. After IGF-I stimulation SHP-2 associates with Src kinase, which associates with the signaling protein Shc. Src phosphorylates Shc, resulting in activation of MAP kinases, which are necessary both for stimulation of cell proliferation and migration. Blocking activation of αVβ3 results in an inability of IGF-I to stimulate Shc phosphorylation. Under conditions of normoglycemia, there are insufficient αVβ3 ligands to recruit SHP-2, and no increase in Shc phosphorylation can be demonstrated in SMC. In contrast, if αVβ3 ligands are added to cells in normal glucose, the signaling events that are necessary for Shc phosphorylation can be reconstituted. Therefore when SMC are exposed to normal glucose they are protected from excessive stimulation of mitogenesis by IGF-I. With hyperglycemia there is a marked increased in αVβ3 ligands and Shc phosphorylation in response to IGF-I is sustained. These findings indicate that in SMC hyperglycemic stress may leads to altered IGF-I signaling, which allows the cells to undergo a mitogenic response, and which may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.
Ensemble Multiple CNNs methods with Partial Training Set for Vehicle Image Classification
Creators: name: Narong Boonsirisumpun
name: Olarik Surinta
Publisher: name: Silpakorn University Research Innovation and Creativity Administration Office
Year: 2022
Subjects: vehicle image classification
ensemble method
multiple CNNs
partial training set

description: Science, Engineering and Health Studies, 16, , 22020001
Applications of Information Measures to Assess Convergence in the Central Limit Theorem
Creators: name: Atukorala, Ranjani
name: King, Maxwell L.
name: Sriananthakumar, Sivagowry
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: The Central Limit Theorem (CLT) is an important result in statistics and econometrics and econometricians often rely on the CLT for inference in practice. Even though, different conditions apply to different kinds of data, the CLT results are believed to be generally available for a range of situations. This paper illustrates the use of the Kullback-Leibler Information (KLI) measure to assess how close an approximating distribution is to a true distribution in the context of investigating how different population distributions affect convergence in the CLT. For this purpose, three different non-parametric methods for estimating the KLI are proposed and investigated. The main findings of this paper are 1) the distribution of the sample means better approximates the normal distribution as the sample size increases, as expected, 2) for any fixed sample size, the distribution of means of samples from skewed distributions converges faster to the normal distribution as the kurtosis increases, 3) at least in the range of values of kurtosis considered, the distribution of means of small samples generated from symmetric distributions is well approximated by the normal distribution, and 4) among the nonparametric methods used, Vasicek's (1976) estimator seems to be the best for the purpose of assessing asymptotic approximations. Based on the results of the paper, recommendations on minimum sample sizes required for an accurate normal approximation of the true distribution of sample means are made.
An Analysis of the Impact of Demand Shifts in Beef Grades on Producer Welfare
Creators: name: Jeon, Sanggon
name: Jeon, Sanggon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: demand shift
subject: grade
subject: vertical differentiation

description: The current beef grading system is mainly affected by marbling in meat. This study analyzes the impacts of consumers’ demand shift over marbling or grading on domestic producer welfare. Based on a vertically differentiated market, the simulation analysis shows that if the domestic consumers’ demand shifts to less marbling or lower graded beef, then the producer welfare can be worse off. The degree of welfare loss of domestic producers relies on how much demand shifts toward less marbling or lower graded beef.
IGF-I improved bone mineral density and body composition of weaver mutant mice
Creators: name: Lee, Wei-Hua
name: Warner, Therry
name: Bozic, Tomica
name: Yu, Jun
name: Zhong, Jin
name: Joseph D’Ercole, A.
name: Yao, Weiguo
name: Ye, Ping
name: Hock, Janet. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Our recent report on a parallel decrease in the body weights and serum IGF-I levels of weaver mice suggests that IGF-I’s endocrine function may be impaired in neurodegenerative diseases. To further understand the overall effects of IGF-I deficiency on the postnatal growth, we measured bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass in male and female weaver mice and wild-type littermates on D21 (prepuberty), D45 (puberty), and D60 (postpuberty) using Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptionmetry (DEXA). In both male and female weaver mice, we found that the levels of circulating IGF-I paralleled those of BMD, BMC, and LBM, but not the fat mass. Male weaver mice have normal fat mass at all three ages studied, whereas female weaver mice showed a trend to increase their fat mass as they mature. To determine whether circulating IGF-I is a determinant of body composition, we crossbred IGF-I transgenic mice with homozygous weaver mice, which resulted in a significant increase in circulating IGF-I levels in both male and female weaver mice and normalization of their BMD, BMC and body weights. In summary, our results demonstrated that normal circulating IGF-I levels are important in maintaining BMD, BMC, and body composition in neurodegenerative diseases, such as hereditary cerebellar ataxia.
Comparative study of product contamination rates in class II biological safety cabinets with and without ultraviolet light disinfection
Creators: name: Apiwat Lapamnouysup
name: Papon Ganjanasiripong
name: Anek Kaewpan
name: Thanaporn Chuen-Im
Publisher: name: Silpakorn University Research Innovation and Creativity Administration Office
Year: 2022
Subjects: ultraviolet light
class II biological safety cabinets
contamination
disinfection
working space

description: Science, Engineering and Health Studies, 16, , 22030004
Inference on Self-Exciting Jumps in Prices and Volatility using High Frequency Measures
Creators: name: Maneesoonthorn, Worapree
name: Forbes, Catherine S.
name: Martin, Gael M.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: Dynamic jumps in the price and volatility of an asset are modelled using a joint Hawkes process in conjunction with a bivariate jump diffusion. A state space representation is used to link observed returns, plus nonparametric measures of integrated volatility and price jumps, to the specified model components; with Bayesian inference conducted using a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. The calculation of marginal likelihoods for the proposed and related models is discussed. An extensive empirical investigation is undertaken using the S&P500 market index, with substantial support for dynamic jump intensities – including in terms of predictive accuracy – documented.
Differences in the GH-IGF-I axis in children of different weight and fitness status
Creators: name: Battaglini, Claudio L.
name: Hosick, Peter A.
name: Combs, Terry P.
name: McMurray, Robert G.
name: Hackney, A.C.
name: Harrell, Joanne S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: To determine if differences in the GH-IGF-I axis exist between children of high and low aerobic fitness who are obese or of normal weight.
Human Milk-Derived Levels of let-7g-5p May Serve as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker of Low Milk Supply in Breastfeeding Women
Creators: name: Hicks, Steven D
name: Chandran, Desirae
name: Confair, Alexandra
name: Ward, Anna K. G.
name: Kelleher, Shannon
Publisher: name: Health Research Alliance
Year: 2023
Subjects: Infant and child health

description: Low milk supply (LMS) is associated with early breastfeeding cessation; however, the biological underpinnings in the mammary gland are not understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally downregulate gene expression, and we hypothesized the profile of miRNAs secreted into milk reflects lactation performance. Longitudinal changes in milk miRNAs were measured using RNAseq in women with LMS (n = 47) and adequate milk supply (AMS; n = 123). Relationships between milk miRNAs, milk supply, breastfeeding outcomes, and infant weight gain were assessed, and interactions between milk miRNAs, maternal diet, smoking status, and BMI were determined. Women with LMS had lower milk volume (p = 0.003), were more likely to have ceased breast feeding by 24 wks (p = 0.0003) and had infants with a lower mean weight-for-length z-score (p = 0.013). Milk production was significantly associated with milk levels of miR-16-5p (R = -0.14, adj p = 0.044), miR-22-3p (R = 0.13, adj p = 0.044), and let-7g-5p (R = 0.12, adj p = 0.046). Early milk levels of let-7g-5p were significantly higher in mothers with LMS (adj p = 0.0025), displayed an interaction between lactation stage and milk supply (p < 0.001), and were negatively related to fruit intake (p = 0.015). Putative targets of let-7g-5p include genes important to hormone signaling, RNA regulation, ion transport, and the extracellular matrix, and down-regulation of two targets (PRLR and IGF2BP1/IMP1) was confirmed in mammary cells overexpressing let-7g-5p in vitro. Our data provide evidence that milk-derived miRNAs reflect lactation performance in women and warrant further investigation to assess their utility for predicting LMS risk and early breastfeeding cessation.
The structural evolution in transitional nuclei of mass 80 $\leq$ A $\leq$ 132
Creators: name: Bhuyan, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this theoretical study, we report an investigation on the behavior of two neutron separation energy, differential variation of the separation energy and the abnormality in nuclear charge radius along the isotopic and isotonic chains of transition nuclei. We have used relativistic mean field formalism with NL3 and NL3$^*$ forces for this present analysis. The study refers to {\it even-even} nuclei such as Zr, Mo, Ru and Pd with $N$ = 40$-$ 86, where a rich collective phenomena such as proton radioactivity, cluster or nucleus radioactivity, exotic shapes, {\it Island of Inversion} and etc. are observed. These non-monotonic aspects over the isotopic chain are mainly correlated with the structural properties like shell/sub-shell closures, shape transition, clustering and magicity etc. In addition to these, we have shown the internal configuration of these nuclei to get a further insight into the reason for these discrepancies.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures and 2 tables
title: Issuance of Seventeen ESA Section 10(a)(1)(A) Scientific Research Permits - Fall 2022
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: National Marine Fisheries Service Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7(a)(2) Biological Opinion and Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act Essential Fish Habitat Response
title: Consultation on the Issuance of Seventeen ESA Section 10(a)(1)(A) Scientific Research Permits in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and California affecting Salmon, Steelhead, Eulachon, and Green Sturgeon in the West Coast Region
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name:  United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region.
Year: 2022

description: WCRO-2022-02398
Interleukin 10 suppresses experimental chronic, granulomatous inflammation induced by bacterial cell wall polymers.
Creators: name: Herfarth, H H
name: Mohanty, S P
name: Rath, H C
name: Sartor, R B
name: Tonkonogy, S
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Interleukin 10 (IL10) inhibits monocyte/macrophage and T lymphocyte effector functions. This study examined the effect of systemically administered IL10 on acute and chronic granulomatous enterocolitis, hepatitis, and arthritis in a rat model.

METHODS: Lewis rats were injected intramurally with streptococcal peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-APS) polymers. Beginning 12 hours before PG-APS injection, rats were treated daily with subcutaneous murine recombinant IL10 or vehicle for three or 17 days.

RESULTS: IL10 attenuated acute enterocolitis in a dose dependent fashion (p < 0.01). Protective effects were more profound in the chronic granulomatous phase with decreased enterocolitis and markedly inhibited leucocytosis, hepatic granulomas, and chronic erosive arthritis (p < 0.001). IL10 downregulated tissue IL1, IL6, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and interferon gamma gene expression, consistent with the in vitro effects of IL10 on PG-APS-stimulated splenocytes. Caecal IL1 protein concentrations and IL2 and interferon gamma secretion by in vitro stimulated mesenteric lymph nodes were downregulated in IL10 treated animals.

CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that exogenous IL10 can inhibit experimental granulomatous inflammatory responses and suggest that IL10 treatment could be an effective new therapeutic approach in human disorders such as Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and sarcoidosis.
Novel approach to porcine epidemic diarrhea vaccine development by reverse vaccinology
Creators: name: Woarawut Oniam
name: Suang Rungpragayphan
name: Busaba Powthongchin
name: Perayot Pamonsinlapatham
Publisher: name: Silpakorn University Research Innovation and Creativity Administration Office
Year: 2022
Subjects: reverse vaccinology
porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
epitope vaccine
mucosal antibody

description: Science, Engineering and Health Studies, 16, , 22050007
Local production of corticotropin releasing hormone is increased in experimental intestinal inflammation in rats.
Creators: name: Sartor, R B
name: van Tol, E A
name: Lund, P K
name: Petrusz, P
name: Yamauchi, M
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) suppresses immunological functions via stimulation of the pituitary-adrenal axis, but is also found in peripheral tissues. Peripheral proinflammatory activity of CRH is suggested by increased tissue concentrations in arthritis and in vitro immunostimulatory effects. This study evaluated intestinal CRH concentrations, immunolocalisation, and synthesis in chronic enterocolitis and investigated in vitro responsiveness of lamina propria mononuclear cells to CRH.

METHODS: Chronic granulomatous enterocolitis was induced by intramural injection of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide polymers in the ileocaecal region of Lewis rats. CRH protein was measured in caecal specimens by immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay and caecal CRH mRNA expression was analysed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS: In the chronically inflamed caecum abundant immunoreactive CRH was found in inflammatory cells, mesenchymal cells, as well as in myenteric plexi. In contrast, only a few CRH containing cells were detected in normal and HSA injected control caecums. Moreover, caecal CRH protein levels were increased during chronic enterocolitis. Local CRH synthesis as indicated by mRNA expression was considerably increased in chronic enterocolitis whereas it was undetectable or low in uninflamed caecum. In addition, CRH stimulated in vitro proliferation of lamina propria mononuclear cells and inhibited mitogen induced proliferation.

CONCLUSION: Increased CRH protein and mRNA expression in chronic enterocolitis and responsiveness of intestinal mononuclear cells to CRH indicate an immunomodulatory role for locally produced CRH in intestinal inflammation.
Modelling anisotropic fluid spheres in general relativity
Creators: name: Boonserm, Petarpa
name: Ngampitipan, Tritos
name: Visser, Matt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that an arbitrary general relativistic static anisotropic fluid sphere, (static and spherically symmetric but with transverse pressure not equal to radial pressure), can nevertheless be successfully mimicked by suitable linear combinations of theoretically attractive and quite simple classical matter: a classical (charged) isotropic perfect fluid, a classical electromagnetic field, and a classical (minimally coupled) scalar field. While the most general decomposition is not unique, a preferred minimal decomposition can be constructed that is unique. We show how the classical energy conditions for the anisotropic fluid sphere can be related to energy conditions for the isotropic perfect fluid, electromagnetic field, and scalar field components of the model. Furthermore we show how this decomposition relates to the distribution of both electric charge density and scalar charge density throughout the model. The generalized TOV equation implies that the perfect fluid component in this model is automatically in internal equilibrium, with pressure forces, electric forces, and scalar forces balancing the gravitational pseudo-force. Consequently, we can build theoretically attractive matter models that can be used to mimic almost any static spherically symmetric spacetime.
description: V1: 6 pages; V2: now 7 pages; 7 references added; no physics changes; V3: Revised and reformatted; now 15 pages in World Scientific style. Some extra discussion added. 5 more references added. This version accepted for publication in IJMPD
Development of teaching and learning in transcultural nursing for Cambodian nursing students using e-learning
Creators: name: Kaewtawan Sirilukkananan
name: Sakawduean Oatme
name: Puangtip Chaiphibalsarisdi
name: Charito Cruz
name: Sarawut Mungsoongnern
Publisher: name: Silpakorn University Research Innovation and Creativity Administration Office
Year: 2022
Subjects: development of teaching and learning
e-learning
transcultural nursing

description: Science, Engineering and Health Studies, 16, , 22050008
Butyrate limits human natural killer cell effector function
Creators: name: Bittencourt, Vanessa Zaiatz
name: Jones, Fiona
name: Tosetto, Miriam
name: Scaife, Caitriona
name: Cagney, Gerard
name: Jones, Evan
name: Doherty, Glen A.
name: RYAN, ELIZABETH
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The gut microbiota regulates chronic inflammation and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a broad spectrum of disease including autoimmunity and cancer. Microbial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) e.g., butyrate have demonstrated immunomodulatory effects and are thought to be key mediators of the host-microbiome interaction. Here, we investigated the effect of butyrate on effector functions of blood derived human NK cells stimulated for 18 h with a combination of IL-12/ IL-15, a potent mix of cytokines that drive NK cell activation. We show that butyrate has a strong anti-inflammatory effect on NK cells. NK cells cultured in the presence of butyrate expressed lower levels of activating receptors (TRAIL, NKp30, NKp44) and produced lower levels of cytokines (IFNγ, TNF-α, IL-22, granzyme B, granzyme A, perforin) in response to IL-12/IL-15. Butyrate restricted NK cell function by downregulation of mTORC1 activity, c-Myc mRNA expression and metabolism. Using a shotgun proteomic approach, we confirmed the effect of butyrate on NK cell cytokine signaling and metabolism and identified BRD2, MAT2A and EHD1 as downstream mediators of these effects. This insight into the immunomodulatory activity of butyrate on human NK cell function might help to develop new ways to limit NK cell function during chronic inflammation.
Kallikrein-kininogen system activation and bradykinin (B2) receptors in indomethacin induced enterocolitis in genetically susceptible Lewis rats
Creators: name: Colman, R W
name: Sartor, R B
name: Blais, C
name: Stadnicki, A
name: Janardham, R
name: Adam, A A
name: Stadnicka, I
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Background—The plasma kallikrein-kinin (K-K) system is activated in acute and chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation induced in Lewis rats by intramural injection of exogenous bacterial components. Aims—To determine whether this effect is model specific, K-K system activation was investigated in a modified indomethacin induced enterocolitis model, as well as bradykinin 2 (B2) receptor distribution in the normal and acutely inflamed intestine. Methods—Lewis rats injected with daily sublethal doses of indomethacin for two days developed acute (two days) and chronic (14 days) intestinal inflammation. Plasma prekallikrein (amidolytic), high molecular weight kininogen (HK, coagulant) and cleavage of HK (western blot) were assayed to detect K-K activation. Results—Liver and spleen weights were significantly higher, and body weights and haematocrit values were significantly lower in the indomethacin group than in the control group. During both acute and chronic phases, rats displayed K-K system activation manifested by a significant decrease in plasma prekallikrein and HK functional levels, and by HK cleavage. Plasma T kininogen (a major acute phase protein) was significantly elevated. B2 receptors were identified in both normal and inflammatory intestine with more prominent specific immunohistochemical staining in the acutely inflamed tissue. Conclusions—K-K system activation occurs in association with both acute and chronic phases of intestinal injury, regardless of the triggering agent, suggesting that activation of this system is integrally involved in intestinal inflammation in genetically susceptible hosts. Localisation of B2 receptors across intestinal layers provides a structural basis for the kinin function in the intestine.
A Study on Developing an Early Warning Index for Worldwide Grain Markets Using an Artificial Neural Network Model
Creators: name: Kim, Jongjin
name: Kim, Jongjin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: early warning index
subject: artificial neural network model
subject: world grain market

description: Using the Artificial Neural Network model which is known as an excellent tool for perception of data patterns and short-run forecasting, this study develops an early warning index for the world grain markets. To obtain the best result, this study compares the indices which are computed from the different specifications of output neurons in our neural networks. The final result of this comparison shows that the best early warning index can be derived when we use the most aggregate variables and include all leading variables between present and targeted forecasting time as output neurons in our networks. We also verified that the index form of this study shows much better performances in the view of prediction power when we compare the index with the existing indices from other studies.
The cost of attack in competing networks
Creators: name: Podobnik, Boris
name: Horvatic, Davor
name: Lipic, Tomislav
name: Perc, Matjaz
name: Buldu, Javier M.
name: Stanley, H. Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Real-world attacks can be interpreted as the result of competitive interactions between networks, ranging from predator-prey networks to networks of countries under economic sanctions. Although the purpose of an attack is to damage a target network, it also curtails the ability of the attacker, which must choose the duration and magnitude of an attack to avoid negative impacts on its own functioning. Nevertheless, despite the large number of studies on interconnected networks, the consequences of initiating an attack have never been studied. Here, we address this issue by introducing a model of network competition where a resilient network is willing to partially weaken its own resilience in order to more severely damage a less resilient competitor. The attacking network can take over the competitor nodes after their long inactivity. However, due to a feedback mechanism the takeovers weaken the resilience of the attacking network. We define a conservation law that relates the feedback mechanism to the resilience dynamics for two competing networks. Within this formalism, we determine the cost and optimal duration of an attack, allowing a network to evaluate the risk of initiating hostilities.
description: 8 two-column pages, 6 figures, supplementary material; accepted for publication in Journal of the Royal Society Interface
Photoacoustic generation by a gold nanosphere: From linear to nonlinear thermoelastics in the long-pulse illumination regime
Creators: name: Prost, Amaury
name: Poisson, Florian
name: Bossy, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate theoretically the photoacoustic generation by a gold nanosphere in water in the thermoelastic regime. Specifically, we consider the long-pulse illumination regime, in which the time for electron-phonon thermalisation can be neglected and photoacoustic wave generation arises solely from the thermo-elastic stress caused by the temperature increase of the nanosphere or its liquid environment. Photoacoustic signals are predicted computed based on the successive resolution of a thermal diffusion problem and a thermoelastic problem, taking into account the finite size of the gold nanosphere and the temperature-dependence of the thermal expansion coefficient of water. For sufficiently high illumination fluences, this temperature dependence yields a nonlinear relationship between the photoacoustic amplitude and the fluence. For nanosecond pulses in the linear regime, we show that more than 90 % of the emitted photoacoustic energy is generated in water, and the thickness of the generating layer around the particle scales close to the square root of the pulse duration. Our results demonstrate that the point-absorber model introduced by Calasso et al.[17] significantly overestimates the amplitude of photoacoustic waves in the nonlinear regime. We therefore provide quantitative estimates of a critical energy, defined as the absorbed energy required such that the nonlinear contribution is equal to that of the linear contribution. Our results suggest that the critical energy scales as the volume of water over which heat diffuses during the illumination pulse. Moreover, thermal nonlinearity is shown to be expected only for sufficiently high ultrasound frequency. Finally, we show that the relationship between the photoacoustic amplitude and the equilibrium temperature at sufficiently high fluence reflects the thermal diffusion at the nanoscale around the gold nanosphere.
description: Published in Physical Review B, 16 pages, 14 figures
The alpha-smooth muscle actin promoter: a useful tool to analyse autocrine and paracrine roles of mesenchymal cells in normal and diseased bowel
Creators: name: LUND, P K
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: ### IGF-I AND NORMAL OR ADAPTIVE GROWTH OF BOWEL IGF-I mediates many of the postnatal growth promoting actions of pituitary derived growth hormone (GH) on multiple organs between birth and puberty and during adulthood.1 2 The bowel is now well established as an important target organ for GH and IGF-I.1 2 GH and IGF-I are currently being used in clinical trials to improve bowel function in patients with short bowel syndrome.3 4 IGF-I seems to mediate many of the enterotrophic actions of GH, which in turn increases circulating concentrations and local expression of IGF-I in bowel.2 5Previous studies in transgenic mice overexpressing metallothionen promoter I driven human IGF-I transgenes (MT-hIGF-I mice) or bovine GH transgenes (MT-bGH mice) revealed major increases in the mass of intestinal mucosa and in small bowel length relative to wild type.5 6 MT-hIGF-I mice have elevated circulating IGF-I, local overexpression of IGF-I in intestine and GH deficiency.6 Despite the deficiency in GH, MT-hIGF-I mice show similar or increased bowel growth compared with MT-bGH mice that have excess GH and IGF-1.6 Although studies on MT-bGH and MT-hIGF-I mice support the concept that IGF-I mediates most of the enterotrophic actions of GH, they did not tackle a key issue in IGF-I physiology—that is, the relative contributions of circulating versus locally expressed IGF-I in mediating bowel growth. A further limitation of the MT-hIGF-I mice is that the IGF-I transgene is expressed primarily in intestinal epithelial cells which are not the normal sites of endogenous IGF-I expression in bowel.6 A number of lines of evidence indicate that locally expressed, endogenous IGF-I contributes to normal or adaptive growth of bowel and is expressed throughout human and rodent bowel.7 8 Increased IGF-I expression in small bowel correlates with adaptive growth of bowel mucosa in response to refeeding9 or bowel resection, …
Open for Business: Reinventing Monash University Law Library for a Post-COVID World
Creators: name: Pulungan, Rheny
name: Tucker, Kay
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Library studies

description: Our libraries are open for business and while we are not in a post COVID world yet we are starting to reinvent ourselves in response to the pandemic. Change is everywhere, much of it out of our control. Reinvention, or producing something new or different from something that exists, can help us to emerge stronger from a crisis. We discuss some of the changes and challenges Monash Library staff and users experienced while working through the pandemic, particularly during the lockdown restrictions. We look at how our library is moving forward to reinvent itself, acknowledging that while some aspects of university life have returned to how they were, others have not.
Functional bowel disorders and functional abdominal pain
Creators: name: Thompson, W
name: Irvine, E
name: Drossman, D
name: Heaton, K
name: Longstreth, G
name: Muller-Lissner, S
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: The Rome diagnostic criteria for the functional bowel disorders and functional abdominal pain are used widely in research and practice. A committee consensus approach, including criticism from multinational expert reviewers, was used to revise the diagnostic criteria and update diagnosis and treatment recommendations, based on research results. The terminology was clarified and the diagnostic criteria and management recommendations were revised. A functional bowel disorder (FBD) is diagnosed by characteristic symptoms for at least 12 weeks during the preceding 12 months in the absence of a structural or biochemical explanation. The irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal bloating, functional constipation, and functional diarrhea are distinguished by symptom-based diagnostic criteria. Unspecified FBD lacks criteria for the other FBDs. Diagnostic testing is individualized, depending on patient age, primary symptom characteristics, and other clinical and laboratory features. Functional abdominal pain (FAP) is defined as either the FAP syndrome, which requires at least six months of pain with poor relation to gut function and loss of daily activities, or unspecified FAP, which lacks criteria for the FAP syndrome. An organic cause for the pain must be excluded, but aspects of the patient's pain behavior are of primary importance. Treatment of the FBDs relies upon confident diagnosis, explanation, and reassurance. Diet alteration, drug treatment, and psychotherapy may be beneficial, depending on the symptoms and psychological features.Keywords: functional bowel disorder; functional constipation; functional diarrhea; irritable bowel syndrome; functional abdominal pain; functional abdominal bloating; Rome II
Functional disorders of the anus and rectum
Creators: name: Pemberton, J H
name: Diamant, N E
name: Enck, P
name: Rao, S S C
name: Wald, A
name: Whitehead, W E
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: In this report the functional anorectal disorders, the etiology of which is currently unknown or related to the abnormal functioning of normally innervated and structurally intact muscles, are discussed. These disorders include functional fecal incontinence, functional anorectal pain, including levator ani syndrome and proctalgia fugax, and pelvic floor dyssynergia. The epidemiology of each disorder is defined and discussed, their pathophysiology is summarized and diagnostic approaches and treatment are suggested. Some suggestions for the direction of future research on these disorders are also given.Keywords: fecal incontinence; pelvic floor dyssynergia; anismus; proctalgia fugax; levator ani syndrome; constipation; Rome II
An Analysis of the Change in the Agricultural Trade Network
Creators: name: Han, Bohyun
name: Han, Bohyun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: social network analysis
subject: agricultural trade
subject: centrality degree

description: The purpose of this study is to review the degree of centrality and position of Korea in the agricultural trade network. Analytical results indicate that the trade network has been strengthened but the degree of concentration has been lessened. Korea’s centrality in the trade network has increased. However, there was no significant change in the ranking of centrality. This is because the effect of increased trade was offset by the increasing trade volume of huge trading partners. The US, EU and ASEAN have recorded high rankings and the influence of China and India has continued to rise. But on the contrary, Japan’s influence in the trade network has consistently decreased. We found that the influence of the large countries on the trade network might be changed if we add more countries in the analysis.
Cosmic Neutron Star Merger Rate and Gravitational Waves constrained by the R Process Nucleosynthesis
Creators: name: Vangioni, E.
name: Goriely, S.
name: Daigne, F.
name: Francois, P.
name: Belczynski, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmic evolution of the neutron star merger (NSM) rate can be deduced from the observed cosmic star formation rate. This allows to estimate the rate expected in the horizon of the gravitational wave detectors advanced Virgo and ad LIGO and to compare those rates with independent predictions. In this context, the rapid neutron capture process, or r process, can be used as a constraint assuming NSM is the main astrophysical site for this nucleosynthetic process. We compute the early cosmic evolution of a typical r process element, Europium. Eu yields from NSM are taken from recent nucleosynthesis calculations. The same approach allows to compute the cosmic rate of Core Collapse SuperNovae (CCSN) and the associated evolution of Eu. We find that the bulk of Eu observations at high iron abundance can be rather well fitted by either CCSN or NSM scenarios. However, at lower metallicity, the early Eu cosmic evolution favors NSM as the main astrophysical site for the r process. A comparison between our calculations and spectroscopic observations at very low metallicities allows to constrain the coalescence timescale in the NSM scenario to about 0.1 to 0.2 Gyr. These values are in agreement with the coalescence timescales of some observed binary pulsars. Finally, the cosmic evolution of Eu is used to put constraints on the NSM rate, the merger rate in the horizon of the gravitational wave detectors advanced Virgo/ad LIGO, as well as the expected rate of electromagnetic counterparts to mergers (kilonovae) in large near-infrared surveys.
description: accepted in MNRAS, 19 pages