Material Prayers: The Use of Text in Early Modern Italian Domestic Devotions
Creators: name: Tycz, Katherine Marie
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: material culture
material text
early modern Italy
domestic devotion
history of devotion
Italian Renaissance
Renaissance Italy
history of domestic life
Italian Renaissance literature and culture
social history
cultural history
sixteenth century
fifteenth century
piety
practices of prayer
objects of devotion
devotional practices
Italian Renaissance Home
European Renaissance
everyday life
printed prayers
early modern art
prayer books
jewellery
architecture
amulets
material prayers
paintings
printed images
holy words
Sacred Monogram
manuscripts
inscribed objects
inscriptions
Roman Inquisition
Venice
the Marche
Veneto
Naples
Tuscany
Emilia-Romagna
life and death
illness
protection

description: While scholarship often focuses on how early modern Italians used images in their devotions, particularly in the post-Tridentine era, little attention has been placed upon how laypeople engaged with devotional text during times of prayer and in their everyday lives. Studies of early modern devotional texts have explored their literary content, investigated their censorship by the Church, or concentrated upon an elite readership. This thesis, instead, investigates how ordinary devotees interacted with holy words in their material form, which I have termed ‘material prayers’. Since this thesis developed under the aegis of the interdisciplinary research project, Domestic Devotions: The Place of Piety in the Italian Renaissance Home, 1400-1600, it focuses primarily on engagement with these material prayers in domestic spaces. Using an interdisciplinary approach drawing from material culture studies, literary history, social and cultural history, and art history, it brings together objects, images and archival sources to illuminate how devotees from across the socio-economic and literacy spectrums accessed and employed devotional text in their prayers and daily life. From holy words, Biblical excerpts, and prayers to textual symbols like the Sacred Monogram of the Name of Jesus, this thesis explores how and why these material prayers were employed for spiritual, apotropaic and intercessory purposes. It analyses material prayers not only in traditional textual formats (printed books and manuscripts), but also those that were printed on single-sheets of paper, inscribed on jewellery, or etched into the structure of the home. To convey how devotees engaged with and relied upon these material prayers, it considers a variety of inscribed objects, including those sanctioned by the Church as well as those which might be questioned or deemed ‘superstitious’ by ecclesiastical authorities. Sermons, Inquisition trial records, and other archival documents have been consulted to further illuminate the material evidence. The first part of the thesis, ‘On the Body’, considers the how devotees came into personal contact with texts by wearing prayers on their bodies. It examines a range of objects including prayers with protective properties, known as brevi, that were meant to be sealed in a pouch and worn around the neck, and more luxurious items of physical adornment inscribed with devotional and apotropaic text, such as necklaces and rings. The second part of the thesis enters the home to explore how the spaces people inhabited and the objects that populated their homes were decorated with material prayers. ‘In the Home’ begins with texts inscribed over the entryways of early modern Italian homes, and then considers how devotees decorated their walls with holy words and how the objects of devotion and household life were imbued with religious significance through the addition of pious inscriptions. By analysing these personal objects and the textual domestic sphere, this thesis argues that these material prayers cut across socio-economic classes, genders, and ages to embody quotidian moments of domestic devotion as well as moments of fear, anxiety and change.
description: This thesis is submitted as part of the project funded by the European Research Council and hosted by the University of Cambridge, Domestic Devotions: The Place of Piety in the Renaissance Italian Home, 1400-1600 (Principal Investigators Abigail Brundin, Deborah Howard, Mary Laven). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement n° 319475.