cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An application of the Implicit Function Theorem to an energy model of the semiconductor theory
Creators: name: Griepentrog, Jens André
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Boundary value problems for elliptic systems
subject: regularity of generalized solutions
subject: heat and mass transfer
subject: heat flow
subject: 35B65
subject: 80A20
subject: 35D05
subject: 35D10
subject: 35J55

description: In this paper we deal with a mathematical model for the description of heat conduction and carrier transport in semiconductor heterostructures. We solve a coupled system of nonlinear elliptic differential equations consisting of the heat equation with Joule heating as a source, the Poisson equation for the electric field an drift-diffusion equations with temperature dependent coefficients describing the charge and current conservation, subject to general thermal and electrical boundary conditions. We prove the existence and uniqueness of Hölder continuous weak solutions near thermodynamic equilibria points using the Implicit Function Theorem. To show the differentiability of maps corresponding to the weak formulation of the problem we use regularity results from the theory of nonsmooth linear elliptic boundary value problems in Sobolev-Campanato spaces.
Towards the theory of types III and IV non-Hermitian Weyl fermions
Creators: name: Alisultanov, Zaur Z.
name: Idrisov, Edvin G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian formalism to describe Weyl fermions of type III and IV. The spectrum of Hamiltonian has an unusual type of anisotropy. Namely, the hermiticity of Hamiltonian strongly depends on the direction in momentum space: for some directions the spectrum is real, in contrast for other directions it becomes complex. This fact leads to non-trivial adiabatic evolution and fractional Chern number. Additionally, we demonstrate that the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian can be regarded as a one-particle problem in context of topological band theory.
Time Reversal and Charge Conjugation in an Embedding Quantum Simulator
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiang
name: Shen, Yangchao
name: Zhang, Junhua
name: Casanova, Jorge
name: Lamata, Lucas
name: Solano, Enrique
name: Yung, Man-Hong
name: Zhang, Jing-Ning
name: Kim, Kihwan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The understanding of symmetry operations has brought enormous advancements in physics, ranging from elementary particle to condensed matter systems. In quantum mechanics, symmetry operations are described by either unitary or antiunitary operators, where the latter are unphysical transformations that cannot be realized in physical systems. So far, quantum simulators of unitary and dissipative processes, the only allowed physical dynamics, have been realized in key experiments. Here, we present an embedding quantum simulator able to encode unphysical operations in a multilevel single trapped ion. In this sense, we experimentally observe phenomena associated with the nonunitary Majorana dynamics and implement antiunitary symmetry operations, i.e., time reversal and charge conjugation, at arbitrary evolution times. These experiments enhance the toolbox of quantum simulations towards applications involving unphysical operations.
description: 13+12 pages, 3+1 figures
The Clinical Utility and Specificity of Parent Report of Executive Function among Children with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
Creators: name: Coles, Claire D.
name: Mattson, Sarah N.
name: Kalberg, Wendy O.
name: Glass, Leila
name: Kable, Julie A.
name: Jones, Kenneth L.
name: Sowell, Elizabeth R.
name: Riley, Edward P.
name: Nguyen, Tanya T.
name: May, Philip A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Prenatal alcohol exposure and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) result in behavioral issues related to poor executive function (EF). This overlap may hinder clinical identification of alcohol-exposed children. This study examined the relation between parent and neuropsychological measures of EF and whether parent ratings aid in differential diagnosis. Neuropsychological measures of EF, including the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS), were administered to four groups of children (8–16 years): alcohol-exposed with ADHD (AE+, n = 80), alcohol-exposed without ADHD (AE−, n = 36), non-exposed with ADHD (ADHD, n = 93), and controls (CON, n = 167). Primary caregivers completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). For parent ratings, multivariate analyses of variance revealed main effects of Exposure and ADHD and an interaction between these factors, with significant differences between all groups on nearly all BRIEF scales. For neuropsychological measures, results indicated main effects of Exposure and ADHD, but no interaction. Discriminant function analysis indicated the BRIEF accurately classifies groups. These findings confirm compounded behavioral, but not neuropsychological, effects in the AE+ group over the other clinical groups. Parent-report was not correlated with neuropsychological performance in the clinical groups and may provide unique information about neurobehavior. Parent-report measures are clinically useful in predicting alcohol exposure regardless of ADHD. Results contribute to a neurobehavioral profile of prenatal alcohol exposure.
Stability of bright solitary-wave solutions to perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Creators: name: Kapitula, Todd
name: Sandstede, Björn
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Stability
subject: nonlinear Schroedinger equations
subject: Ginzburg-Landau equations
subject: 34A26
subject: 34C35
subject: 34C37
subject: 35K57
subject: 35P15
subject: 35Q55
subject: 78A60

description: In this article, dissipative perturbations of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) are considered. For dissipative equations, when determining the stability of a solitary wave, one must locate both the point spectrum and the continuous spectrum. If the wave is to be stable, all the spectrum must reside in the left-half plane, except for the translational eigenvalue(s) at the origin. However, for the NLS the continuous spectrum is located on the imaginary axis, as the NLS can be thought of as an infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian system. Since dissipative perturbations will destroy this feature, it is then possible for eigenvalues to bifurcate out of the continuous spectrum and into the right-half plane, leading to an unstable wave. Here we show that the Evans function can be extended across the continuous spectrum, and hence it can be used to track these bifurcating eigenvalues. The extension is done for a general class of equations, and the result should therefore be useful for a larger class of problems than that presented here. Using the extended Evans function, we are then able to locate the spectrum for bright solitary-wave solutions to various perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equations, and discuss their stability. In addition, we discuss the existence and stability of multi-bump solitary waves for a particular perturbation, the parametrically forced NLS equation.
Classification of second harmonic generation effect in magnetically ordered materials
Creators: name: Xiao, Rui-Chun
name: Shao, Ding-Fu
name: Gan, Wei
name: Wang, Huan-Wen
name: Han, Hui
name: Sheng, Z. G.
name: Zhang, Changjin
name: Jiang, Hua
name: Li, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relationship between magnetic order and the second harmonic generation (SHG) effect is a fundamental area of study in condensed matter physics with significant practical implications. In order to gain a clearer understanding of this intricate relation, this study presents a comprehensive classification scheme for the SHG effect in magnetically ordered materials. This framework offers a straightforward approach to connect magnetic order and SHG effect. The characteristics of the SHG tensors in all magnetic point groups are studied using the isomorphic group method, followed by a comprehensive SHG effect classification scheme that includes seven types based on the symmetries of the magnetic phases and their corresponding parent phases. In addition, a tensor dictionary containing the SHG and linear magneto-optic (LMO) effect is established. Furthermore, an extensive SHG database of magnetically ordered materials is also built up. This classification strategy exposes an anomalous SHG effect with even characteristic under time-reversal symmetry, which is solely contributed by magnetic structure. Moreover, the proposed classification scheme facilitates the determination of magnetic structures through SHG effect.
A duality approach in the optimization of beams and plates
Creators: name: Sprekels, Jürgen
name: Tiba, Dan
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Optimal design
subject: nonconvex duality
subject: 49D05

description: We introduce a class of nonlinear transformations called "resizing rules" which associate to optimal shape design problems certain equivalent distributed control problems, while preserving the state of the system. This puts into evidence the duality principle that the class of system states that can be achieved, under a prescribed force, via modifications of the structure (shape) of the system can be as well obtained via the modifications of the force action, under a prescribed structure. We apply such transformations to the optimization of beams and plates and, in the simply supported or in the cantilevered cases, the obtained control problems are even convex. In all cases, we establish existence theorems for optimal pairs, by assuming only boundedness conditions. Moreover, in the simply supported case, we also prove the uniqueness of the global minimizer. A general algorithm that iterates between the original problem and the transformed one is introduced and studied. The applications also include the case of variational inequalities.
Asymptotic results for fitting marginal hazard models from stratified case-cohort studies with multiple disease outcomes
Creators: name: Cai, Jianwen
name: Kang, Sangwook
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: In stratified case-cohort designs, samplings of case-cohort samples are conducted via a stratified random sampling based on covariate information available on the entire cohort members. In this paper, we extended the work of Kang & Cai (2009) to a generalized stratified case-cohort study design for failure time data with multiple disease outcomes. Under this study design, we developed weighted estimating procedures for model parameters in marginal multiplicative intensity models and for the cumulative baseline hazard function. The asymptotic properties of the estimators are studied using martingales, modern empirical process theory, and results for finite population sampling.
Optimal control of quantum gates in an exactly solvable non-Markovian open quantum bit system
Creators: name: Tai, Jung-Shen
name: Lin, Kuan-Ting
name: Goan, Hsi-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply quantum optimal control theory (QOCT) to an exactly solvable non-Markovian open quantum bit (qubit) system to achieve state-independent quantum control and construct high-fidelity quantum gates for moderate qubit decaying parameters. An important quantity, improvement $\mathcal{I}$, is proposed and defined to quantify the correction of gate errors due to the QOCT iteration when the environment effects are taken into account. With the help of the exact dynamics, we explore how the gate error is corrected in the open qubit system and determine the conditions for significant improvement. The model adopted in this paper can be implemented experimentally in realistic systems such as the circuit QED system.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Vaccination Dilemma in the thermodynamic limit
Creators: name: Benjamin, Colin
name: M, Arjun Krishnan U
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The vaccination game is a social dilemma that refers to the conundrum individuals face (to get immunized or not) when the population is exposed to an infectious disease. The model has recently gained much traction due to the COVID-19 pandemic since the public perception of vaccines plays a significant role in disease dynamics. This paper studies the vaccination game in the thermodynamic limit with an analytical method derived from the 1D Ising model called Nash equilibrium mapping. The individual dilemma regarding Vaccination comes from an internal conflict wherein one tries to balance the perceived advantages of immunizing with the apparent risks associated with Vaccination which they hear through different news media. We compare the results of Nash equilibrium(NE) mapping to other 1D Ising-based models, namely Darwinian evolution and agent-based simulation. This study aims to analyze the behaviour of an infinite population regarding what fraction of people choose to vaccinate or not vaccinate. While Nash equilibrium mapping and agent-based simulation agree mostly, Darwinian evolution strays far from the two models. It fails to predict the equilibrium behaviour of players in the population reasonably. We apply the results of our study to analyze the Astra-Zeneca(AZ) COVID-19 vaccine risk versus disease deaths debate, both via NE mapping and agent-based method. Both predict near 100% AZ vaccine coverage for people above 40, notwithstanding the risk. At the same time, younger people show a slight reluctance. We predict that while government intervention via vaccination mandates and advertisement campaigns is unnecessary for the older population, for the younger population (ages: 20-39), some encouragement from the government via media campaigns and vaccine mandates may be necessary.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Cryphalus capucinomorphus Schedl 1950
Creators: name: Rabaglia, Robert J.
name: Beaver, Roger A.
name: Johnson, Andrew J.
name: Schmaedick, Mark A.
name: Smith, Sarah M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Cryphalus
Cryphalus capucinomorphus

description: * Cryphalus capucinomorphus Schedl Cryphalus capucinomorphus Schedl, 1950: 48. This species was previously known only from Fiji. Current survey records: American Samoa: Tutuila Isl.: Aoloaufou, 3–4 i 2008, N. Gurr coll., Malaise trap between forest and disturbed weedy pasture (UFFE:33367; 1, ASCC). Other locations: Tutuila Isl.: Aoa, Fagaalu, Fagaitua, Iliili, Leone, Malaeimi, Maloata, Masausi, Vatia; Olosega Isl.: Olosega, -14.1814 -169.6130, 16 v–6 vi 2018, M. Schmaedick coll., Malaise trap in Rhus 2° forest (UFFE:33372; 1, ASCC); Ta‘ū Isl.: Fitiuta, - 14.2301 -169.4224; 15 v–5 vi 2018; M. Schmaedick coll.; UHR ETOH-baited multifunnel trap in 2° scrub forest (UFFE:31054; 1, UFFE).
description: Published as part of Rabaglia, Robert J., Beaver, Roger A., Johnson, Andrew J., Schmaedick, Mark A. & Smith, Sarah M., 2020, The bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) of American Samoa, pp. 171-195 in Zootaxa 4808 (1) on page 174, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4808.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/3927891
description: {"references": ["Schedl, K. E. (1950) Fauna Fijiana (Scolytoidea). 94. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Occasional Papers of Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 20, 35 - 54."]}
International Variation in Screening Mammography Interpretations in Community-Based Programs
Creators: name: Nakano, C. Y.
name: Koepsell, T. D.
name: Elmore, J. G.
name: Ransohoff, D. F.
name: Desnick, L. M.
name: D'Orsi, C. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Variations in mammography interpretations may have important clinical and economic implications. To evaluate international variability in mammography interpretation, we analyzed published reports from community-based screening programs from around the world.
Microscopic origin of local electric polarization in NiPS$_3$
Creators: name: Kim, Hyeon Jung
name: Kim, Ki-Seok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Zhang-Rice triplet to singlet excitations have been measured experimentally and verified numerically in a van der Waals antiferromagnet NiPS\textsubscript{3}, which reveals a collective local change of an electronic structure. In particular, such numerical simulations predicted that these electronic excitations occur simultaneously with local electric polarizations. In this study, we uncover the microscopic origin of this local electric polarization in the Zhang-Rice triplet to singlet excitation. Our lattice-model calculation predicts that the electric polarization can be controlled by applied magnetic fields, where the atomic spin-orbit coupling plays an important role. We speculate emergence of real space Berry curvature to describe the electric polarization in this strongly correlated system.
Bilinear embedding in Orlicz spaces for divergence-form operators with complex coefficients
Creators: name: Kovač, Vjekoslav
name: Škreb, Kristina Ana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 42B37, Secondary 35J15, 47D06

description: We prove a bi-sublinear embedding for semigroups generated by non-smooth complex-coefficient elliptic operators in divergence form and for certain mutually dual pairs of Orlicz-space norms. This generalizes a result by Carbonaro and Dragičević from power functions to more general Young functions that still behave like powers. To achieve this, we generalize a Bellman function constructed by Nazarov and Treil.
description: 23 pages; v2: referee's suggestions incorporated, accepted for publication
The Missing Indicator Method: From Low to High Dimensions
Creators: name: Van Ness, Mike
name: Bosschieter, Tomas M.
name: Halpin-Gregorio, Roberto
name: Udell, Madeleine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Missing data is common in applied data science, particularly for tabular data sets found in healthcare, social sciences, and natural sciences. Most supervised learning methods only work on complete data, thus requiring preprocessing such as missing value imputation to work on incomplete data sets. However, imputation alone does not encode useful information about the missing values themselves. For data sets with informative missing patterns, the Missing Indicator Method (MIM), which adds indicator variables to indicate the missing pattern, can be used in conjunction with imputation to improve model performance. While commonly used in data science, MIM is surprisingly understudied from an empirical and especially theoretical perspective. In this paper, we show empirically and theoretically that MIM improves performance for informative missing values, and we prove that MIM does not hurt linear models asymptotically for uninformative missing values. Additionally, we find that for high-dimensional data sets with many uninformative indicators, MIM can induce model overfitting and thus test performance. To address this issue, we introduce Selective MIM (SMIM), a novel MIM extension that adds missing indicators only for features that have informative missing patterns. We show empirically that SMIM performs at least as well as MIM in general, and improves MIM for high-dimensional data. Lastly, to demonstrate the utility of MIM on real-world data science tasks, we demonstrate the effectiveness of MIM and SMIM on clinical tasks generated from the MIMIC-III database of electronic health records.
Orpheus, Odin, and the Indo-European Underworld: A Response to Bruce Lincoln's Article "Waters of Memory, Waters of Forgetfulness"
Creators: name: Dodge, Erick James
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Indo-European
Odin
Orpheus
Bruce Lincoln
Comparative Religion

description: In 1982, in an article titled “Waters of Memory, Waters of Forgetfulness”, the Indo-Europeanist Bruce Lincoln reconstructed the following Proto-Indo-European (henceforth PIE) narrative from Platonic (Republic, 614B - 621D), Orphic (Gold Tablets), Indic (Kauṣītaki Upaniṣad 1.4), Nordic (Gylfaginning 4, 15; Grímnismál 28; Vǫluspá 28); and Celtic (Feis Tighe Chonáin) written sources. See Table I in Lincoln’s article for a summary.  "On the way to the otherworld, souls of the dead had to cross a river, the waters of which washed away all of their memories. These memories were not destroyed, however, but were carried by the river's water to a spring, where they bubbled up and were drunk by certain highly favored individuals, who became inspired and infused with supernatural wisdom as a result of the drink." (Lincoln, 1982: 30.) Lincoln briefly traced the development of this proto-narrative in the various Indo- European (henceforth IE) branches. See Table II “Transformations” in Lincoln’s article for a summary. While Lincoln’s article was foundational, it was also only a preliminary sketch. In light of this, we will build on his work and refine his reconstruction by gathering additional Graeco- Roman, Indo-Iranian, Germanic, Celtic, and Hittite sources. Additionally, once we have established the PIE background, we will follow this narratives’ development in the myths and cults of two IE figures: the Germanic Odin and Greek Orpheús. Lastly, we will consider possible Finno-Ugric and Laurasian connections. The ultimately goal of this thesis is to arrive at a greater understanding of the development of IE culture, from its primordial roots to its various local manifestations.
Dietary Choline and Betaine and the Risk of Distal Colorectal Adenoma in Women
Creators: name: Fuchs, C. S.
name: Giovannucci, E. L.
name: Zeisel, S. H.
name: Willett, W. C.
name: Colditz, G. A.
name: Wu, K.
name: Cho, E.
name: Chan, A. T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Choline and betaine are involved in methyl-group metabolism as methyl-group donors; thus, like folate, another methyl-group donor, they may be associated with a reduced risk of colorectal adenomas. No epidemiologic study has examined the association of intake of these nutrients and colorectal adenoma risk.
Efficient Transformers with Dynamic Token Pooling
Creators: name: Nawrot, Piotr
name: Chorowski, Jan
name: Łańcucki, Adrian
name: Ponti, Edoardo M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Transformers achieve unrivalled performance in modelling language, but remain inefficient in terms of memory and time complexity. A possible remedy is to reduce the sequence length in the intermediate layers by pooling fixed-length segments of tokens. Nevertheless, natural units of meaning, such as words or phrases, display varying sizes. To address this mismatch, we equip language models with a dynamic-pooling mechanism, which predicts segment boundaries in an autoregressive fashion. We compare several methods to infer boundaries, including end-to-end learning through stochastic re-parameterisation, supervised learning (based on segmentations from subword tokenizers or spikes in conditional entropy), as well as linguistically motivated boundaries. We perform character-level evaluation on texts from multiple datasets and morphologically diverse languages. The results demonstrate that dynamic pooling, which jointly segments and models language, is both faster and more accurate than vanilla Transformers and fixed-length pooling within the same computational budget.
Secure Multipath Routing Scheme using Key Pre-Distribution in Wireless Sensor Networks
Creators: name: Kumar, Kamal
name: Verma, A. K.
name: Patel, R. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multipath routing in WSN has been a long wish in security scenario where nodes on next-hop may be targeted to compromise. Many proposals of Multipath routing has been proposed in ADHOC Networks but under constrained from keying environment most seems ignorant. In WSN where crucial data is reported by nodes in deployment area to their securely located Sink, route security has to be guaranteed. Under dynamic load and selective attacks, availability of multiple secure paths is a boon and increases the attacker efforts by many folds. We propose to build a subset of neighbors as our front towards destination node. We also identified forwarders for query by base station. The front is optimally calculated to maintain the security credential and avail multiple paths. According to our knowledge ours is first secure multipath routing protocol for WSN. We established effectiveness of our proposal with mathematical analysis
description: 13 pages
On Strominger space forms
Creators: name: Chen, Shuwen
name: Zheng, Fangyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C55

description: In this article, we propose the following conjecture: if the Strominger connection of a compact Hermitian manifold has constant non-zero holomorphic sectional curvature, then the Hermitian metric must be Kähler. The main result of this article is to confirm the conjecture in dimension $2$. We also verify the conjecture in higher dimensions in a couple of special situations.
description: Added the missing term in formula (32) (the ninth parenthesis on the right hand side), which resulted in changes in formula (33), (34) and (37, and a couple of sentences after (37) to make the argument go through. The paper will appear in Journal of Geometric Analysis
Antagonistic Effects of Aspirin and Folic Acid on Inflammation Markers and Subsequent Risk of Recurrent Colorectal Adenomas
Creators: name: Baron, John A.
name: Rohan, Thomas E.
name: Sandler, Robert S.
name: McKeown-Eyssen, Gail
name: Xue, Xiaonan
name: Barry, Elizabeth L.
name: Ahnen, Dennis J.
name: Bresalier, Robert S.
name: Cushman, Mary
name: Saibil, Fred
name: Ho, Gloria Y. F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The Aspirin/Folate Polyp Prevention Trial found that aspirin, but not folic acid, reduced recurrence of colorectal adenomas. This study examined whether treatment effects on inflammation markers explained the trial results. The trial had a factorial design with three aspirin (placebo, 81, and 325 mg/d) and two folic acid (placebo and 1 mg/d) groups. There were 884 subjects who had colonoscopic evaluation for adenomas at year 3 and plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), soluble TNF receptor type II (sTNF-R2), and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) measured at baseline and year 3. Among individuals not receiving folic acid, there was a 4% decrease (mean ratio of year 3 to baseline levels = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.82 to 1.14) in CRP for a period of 3 years in the 325 mg of aspirin group vs a 20% increase (mean ratio = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.41) in the placebo group (P = .027). By contrast, the reverse was observed among individuals who also received folic acid (Pinteraction = .013). Changes in inflammation markers were not associated with adenoma recurrence. Low-dose aspirin (325 mg/d) is beneficial in stabilizing CRP levels, which may be abrogated by folate. Nevertheless, inflammation markers do not mediate the chemopreventive effect of aspirin on colorectal adenomas.
Morphological computation and decentralized learning in a swarm of sterically interacting robots
Creators: name: Zion, Matan Yah Ben
name: Fersula, Jeremy
name: Bredeche, Nicolas
name: Dauchot, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Whereas naturally occurring swarms thrive when crowded, physical interactions in robotic swarms are either avoided or carefully controlled, thus limiting their operational density. Here we present a mechanical design rule that allows robots to act in a collision-dominated environment. We introduce the Morphobots -- a robotic swarm platform developed to implement embodied computation through a morpho-functional design. By engineering a 3D-printed exoskeleton we encode a re-orientation response to an external body force (such as gravity) or a surface force (such as a collision). We show that the force-orientation response is generic, and can augment existing swarm-robotic platforms (e.g Kilobots) as well as custom robots even 10 times larger. At the individual level, the exoskeleton improves the motility and stability, and also allows to encode two contrasting dynamical behaviors in response to an external force or a collision (including collision with a wall or a movable obstacle, and on a dynamically tilting plane). This force-orientation response adds a mechanical layer to the robot's sense-act cycle at the swarm level, leveraging steric interactions for collective phototaxis when crowded. Enabling collisions also promotes information flow, facilitating online distributed learning. Each robot runs an embedded algorithm that ultimately optimizes collective performance. We identify an effective parameter that controls the force-orientation response and explore its implications in swarms that transition from dilute to crowded. \green{Experimenting with both physical swarms (of up to 64 robots), and simulated swarms (of up to 8192 agents) show that the effect of morphological-computation increases with growing swarm size.
description: 21 pages, 12 figures
Profitable entanglement for channel discrimination
Creators: name: Oskouei, Samad Khabbazi
name: Mancini, Stefano
name: Rexiti, Milajiguli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the usefulness of side entanglement in discriminating between two generic qubit channels, {\ up to unitary pre- and post-processing,} and determine exact conditions under which it does enhance (as well as conditions under which it does not) the success probability. This is done in a constructive way by first analyzing the problem for channels that are extremal in the set of completely positive and trace-preserving qubit linear maps and then for channels that are inside such a set.
Cryphalus mangiferae Stebbing
Creators: name: Rabaglia, Robert J.
name: Beaver, Roger A.
name: Johnson, Andrew J.
name: Schmaedick, Mark A.
name: Smith, Sarah M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Cryphalus
Cryphalus mangiferae

description: * Cryphalus mangiferae Stebbing Cryphalus mangiferae Stebbing, 1914: 542. Hypocryphalus mangiferae (Stebbing): Eggers 1930: 185. Cryphalus mangiferae Stebbing: Johnson et al. 2020: 22. This species is widely distributed throughout the tropics, and is considered to vector fungal pathogens in mango, but this is the result of widespread misidentification of the actual vector, Cryphalus dilutus Eichhoff (Johnson et al. 2017). It feeds under the bark of twigs and trunks of mango. In the Pacific region, this species also occurs in Cook Islands, Hawaii, Samoa, and Micronesia (Caroline Islands, Palau). Current survey records: American Samoa: Tutuila Isl.: Iliili, -14.3372 -170.7325, 8–16 ix 2016, M. Meredith coll., UHR-EtOH baited multifunnel trap in mango in garden (UFFE:33356; 1, ASCC); Aunu‘u Isl.: -14.2856 - 170.5509, 12–25 i 2017, M. Meredith coll., UHR-EtOH baited multifunnel trap in secondary forest (UFFE:33359; 1, ASCC); Ofu Isl.: Ofu, -14.1674 -169.6761, 16 v–6 vi 2018, M. Schmaedick coll., Quercivorol-baited funnel trap in Rhus 2° forest (UFFE:33357; 1, ASCC).
description: Published as part of Rabaglia, Robert J., Beaver, Roger A., Johnson, Andrew J., Schmaedick, Mark A. & Smith, Sarah M., 2020, The bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) of American Samoa, pp. 171-195 in Zootaxa 4808 (1) on page 174, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4808.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/3927891
description: {"references": ["Stebbing, E. P. (1914) Indian forest insects of economic importance. Eyre & Spottiswoode, London, 648 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23135", "Eggers, H. (1930) Zur Synonymie der Borkenkafer (Ipidae, Col) [II]. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 47, 184 - 186.", "Johnson, A. J., Hulcr, J., Cognato, A. I., Smith, S. M., Atkinson, T. H., Knizek, M., Park, S., Li, Y. Mandelstam, M. Yu. & Jordal, B. H. (2020) Revision of the bark beetle genera within the former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Insect Systematics and Diversity, 4 (3), ixaa 002, 1 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixaa 002", "Johnson, A. J., Knizek, M., Atkinson, T. H., Jordal, B. H., Ploetz, R. C. & Hulcr, J. (2017) Resolution of a global mango and fig pest identity crisis. Insect Systematics and Diversity, 1 (2), ixx 010, 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixx 010"]}
Folic Acid and Risk of Prostate Cancer: Results From a Randomized Clinical Trial
Creators: name: McKeown-Eyssen, G. E.
name: Summers, R. W.
name: Grau, M. V.
name: Haile, R. W.
name: Baron, J. A.
name: Sandler, R. S.
name: Bresalier, R. S.
name: Figueiredo, J. C.
name: Burke, C. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Data regarding the association between folate status and risk of prostate cancer are sparse and conflicting. We studied prostate cancer occurrence in the Aspirin/Folate Polyp Prevention Study, a placebo-controlled randomized trial of aspirin and folic acid supplementation for the chemoprevention of colorectal adenomas conducted between July 6, 1994, and December 31, 2006. Participants were followed for up to 10.8 (median = 7.0, interquartile range = 6.0–7.8) years and asked periodically to report all illnesses and hospitalizations. Aspirin alone had no statistically significant effect on prostate cancer incidence, but there were marked differences according to folic acid treatment. Among the 643 men who were randomly assigned to placebo or supplementation with folic acid, the estimated probability of being diagnosed with prostate cancer over a 10-year period was 9.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.5% to 14.5%) in the folic acid group and 3.3% (95% CI = 1.7% to 6.4%) in the placebo group (age-adjusted hazard ratio = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.23 to 5.65, Wald test P = .01). In contrast, baseline dietary folate intake and plasma folate in nonmultivitamin users were inversely associated with risk of prostate cancer, although these associations did not attain statistical significance in adjusted analyses. These findings highlight the potential complex role of folate in prostate cancer and the possibly different effects of folic acid–containing supplements vs natural sources of folate.
From Confrontation to Détente? Controversies About a Planned Cold War Museum at Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin
Creators: name: Etges, Andreas
Publisher: name: A. Etges, From confrontation to détente? Controversies about a planned cold war museum at Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, «Memoria e Ricerca», 54, 2017, pp. 81-97
Year: 2017

description: In 2006, as a reaction to criticism that Berlin was neglecting its duty to adequately remember the German division and the cold war, the government of the city-state of Berlin agreed on a "Master Plan for Remembering the Berlin Wall". Its final element is a new cold war museum at Checkpoint Charlie which aims to tell the international history of the cold war. The museum project has become the subject of controversies between private and public museums, political parties, the state government of Berlin and the federal government, as well as representatives of the victims of communism and academic historians from Germany and beyond. The controversy is less about historical scholarship but rather a kind of «cold war» about the meaning and memory of that conflict between by those who grew up and were socialized during the cold war.
Where do bosons actually belong?
Creators: name: Marzuoli, A
name: Raffa, F A
name: Rasetti, M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore a variety of reasons for considering su(1,1) instead of the customary h(1) as the natural unifying frame for characterizing boson systems. Resorting to the Lie-Hopf structure of these algebras, that shows how the Bose-Einstein statistics for identical bosons is correctly given in the su(1,1) framework, we prove that quantization of Maxwell's equations leads to su(1,1), relativistic covariance being naturally recognized as an internal symmetry of this dynamical algebra. Moreover su(1,1) rather than h(1) coordinates are associated to circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. As for interacting bosons, the su(1,1) formulation of the Jaynes-Cummings model is discussed, showing its advantages over h(1).
description: 9 pages, to appear in J. Phys. A: Math. Theor
Scalar correlators and normal modes in holographic neutron stars
Creators: name: Canavesi, Tobías
name: Fierro, Octavio
name: Grandi, Nicolás
name: Pisani, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a scalar field in the background of a holographic neutron star at finite temperature and analyze its asymptotic behavior to compute the two-point correlator at the boundary. From the normal modes of the field we determine the resonances and decay constants of the boundary field theory. We show that the correlator is dominated by the normal modes in the stable regions of phase space of the neutron star, becoming a power law as we move into the unstable zones.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Transport in honeycomb lattice with random $π$-fluxes: implications for low-temperature thermal transport in the Kitaev spin liquids
Creators: name: Zhuang, Zekun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the thermal transport problem in the Kitaev spin liquids, we consider a nearest-neighbor tight-binding model on the honeycomb lattice in the presence of random uncorrelated $π$-fluxes. We employ different numerical methods to study its transport properties near half-filling. The zero-temperature DC conductivity away from the Dirac point is found to be quadratic in Fermi momentum and inversely proportional to the flux density. Localization due to the random $π$-fluxes is observed and the localization length is extracted. Our results imply that, for realistic system size, the thermal conductivity of a pure Kitaev spin liquid diverges as $κ_\text{K}\sim T^3 e^{Δ_v/k_BT}$ when $k_B T\ll Δ_v$, and suggest the possible occurrence of strong Majorana localization $κ_\text{K}/T\ll k_B^2/2π\hbar$ when $k_B T\sim Δ_v$, where $Δ_v$ is the vison gap.
description: published in PRB
Ki67 Index, HER2 Status, and Prognosis of Patients With Luminal B Breast Cancer
Creators: name: Leung, Samuel
name: Cheang, Maggie C. U.
name: Davies, Sherri
name: Parker, Joel S.
name: Snider, Jacqueline
name: Gao, Dongxia
name: Nielsen, Torsten O.
name: Ellis, Matthew J.
name: Watson, Mark
name: Voduc, David
name: Perou, Charles M.
name: Chia, Stephen K.
name: Bernard, Philip S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: BackgroundGene expression profiling of breast cancer has identified two biologically distinct estrogen receptor (ER)-positive subtypes of breast cancer: luminal A and luminal B. Luminal B tumors have higher proliferation and poorer prognosis than luminal A tumors. In this study, we developed a clinically practical immunohistochemistry assay to distinguish luminal B from luminal A tumors and investigated its ability to separate tumors according to breast cancer recurrence-free and disease-specific survival.MethodsTumors from a cohort of 357 patients with invasive breast carcinomas were subtyped by gene expression profile. Hormone receptor status, HER2 status, and the Ki67 index (percentage of Ki67-positive cancer nuclei) were determined immunohistochemically. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the Ki67 cut point to distinguish luminal B from luminal A tumors. The prognostic value of the immunohistochemical assignment for breast cancer recurrence-free and disease-specific survival was investigated with an independent tissue microarray series of 4046 breast cancers by use of Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariable Cox regression.ResultsGene expression profiling classified 101 (28%) of the 357 tumors as luminal A and 69 (19%) as luminal B. The best Ki67 index cut point to distinguish luminal B from luminal A tumors was 13.25%. In an independent cohort of 4046 patients with breast cancer, 2847 had hormone receptor–positive tumors. When HER2 immunohistochemistry and the Ki67 index were used to subtype these 2847 tumors, we classified 1530 (59%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 57% to 61%) as luminal A, 846 (33%, 95% CI = 31% to 34%) as luminal B, and 222 (9%, 95% CI = 7% to 10%) as luminal–HER2 positive. Luminal B and luminal–HER2-positive breast cancers were statistically significantly associated with poor breast cancer recurrence-free and disease-specific survival in all adjuvant systemic treatment categories. Of particular relevance are women who received tamoxifen as their sole adjuvant systemic therapy, among whom the 10-year breast cancer–specific survival was 79% (95% CI = 76% to 83%) for luminal A, 64% (95% CI = 59% to 70%) for luminal B, and 57% (95% CI = 47% to 69%) for luminal–HER2 subtypes.ConclusionExpression of ER, progesterone receptor, and HER2 proteins and the Ki67 index appear to distinguish luminal A from luminal B breast cancer subtypes.
La crisi dell’Europa. La “distruzione creativa” e le nuove solidarietà sociali
Creators: name: Leonardi, Laura
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2018
Subjects: Social solidarity
Crisis
Europeanization
Social cosmopolitanism

description: This article deals with the problem of the social foundations of social solidarity in the context of today’s European crisis. One of the main hypothesis is that the crisis is not only a factor of disintegration but also of "creative destruction", followed by an accelerated change and social mobilization. The crisis is also a phase in which social imagination and creativity are liberated, and new conditions arise for social solidarity. The first part of this article analyzes the relationship between European crisis, social solidarity, Europeanization and cosmopolitanism. In the second part, it highlights the rise of new forms of “cosmopolitan social solidarities” in Europe, referring to some key concept – social and geographical imagination, capacity to aspire and social acts – as useful tools for the empirical analysis.
Counterfeits on Darknet Markets: A measurement between Jan-2014 and Sep-2015
Creators: name: Soldner, Felix
name: Kleinberg, Bennett
name: Johnson, Shane D
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Counterfeits harm consumers, governments, and intellectual property holders. They accounted for 3.3% of worldwide trades in 2016, having an estimated value of $509 billion in the same year. While estimations are mostly based on border seizures, we examined openly labeled counterfeits on darknet markets, which allowed us to gather and analyze information from a different perspective. Here, we analyzed data from 11 darknet markets for the period Jan-2014 and Sep-2015. The findings suggest that darknet markets harbor similar counterfeit product types as found in seizures but that the share of watches is higher and lower for electronics, clothes, shoes, and Tobacco on darknet markets. Also, darknet market counterfeits seem to have similar shipping origins as seized goods, with some exceptions, such as a relatively high share (5%) of dark market counterfeits originating from the US. Lastly, counterfeits on dark markets tend to have a relatively low price and sales volume. However, based on preliminary estimations, the original products on the surface web seem to be worth a multiple of the prices of the counterfeit counterparts on darknet markets. Gathering insights about counterfeits from darknet markets can be valuable for businesses and authorities and be cost-effective compared to border seizures. Thus, monitoring darknet markets can help us understand the counterfeit landscape better.
description: This paper is a pre-print
Remarkable optics of short-pitch deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystals: symmetries, exceptional points and polarization-resolved angular patterns
Creators: name: Kiselev, Alexei D.
name: Chigrinov, Vladimir G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to explore electric-field-induced transformations of polarization singularities in the polarization-resolved angular (conoscopic) patterns emerging after deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal (DHFLC) cells with subwavelength helix pitch, we combine the transfer matrix formalism with the results for the effective dielectric tensor of biaxial FLCs evaluated using an improved technique of averaging over distorted helical structures. Within the framework of the transfer matrix method, we deduce a number of symmetry relations and show that the symmetry axis of L lines (curves of linear polarization) is directed along the major in-plane optical axis which rotates under the action of the electric field. When the angle between this axis and the polarization plane of incident linearly polarized light is above its critical value, the C points (points of circular polarization) appear in the form of symmetrically arranged chains of densely packed star-monstar pairs. We also emphasize the role of phase singularities of a different kind and discuss the enhanced electro-optic response of DHFLCs near the exceptional point where the condition of zero-field isotropy is fulfilled.
description: 36 pages, 14 figures
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Use After 3 Years of Aspirin Use and Colorectal Adenoma Risk: Observational Follow-up of a Randomized Study
Creators: name: Grau, Maria V.
name: Sandler, Robert S.
name: Bresalier, Robert S.
name: Gui, Jiang
name: Haile, Robert W.
name: McKeown-Eyssen, Gail
name: Summers, Robert W.
name: Barry, Elizabeth L.
name: Ahnen, Dennis J.
name: Baron, John A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Frequent use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been shown to reduce the risk of colorectal adenomas in randomized trials. We examined the persistence of the protective effect after the cessation of randomized aspirin treatment and whether it is affected by the duration and frequency of subsequent NSAID use.