cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Evidence Attribution in Generated Fact Checking Explanations
Creators: name: Xing, Rui
name: Baldwin, Timothy
name: Lau, Jey Han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automated fact-checking systems often struggle with trustworthiness, as their generated explanations can include hallucinations. In this work, we explore evidence attribution for fact-checking explanation generation. We introduce a novel evaluation protocol -- citation masking and recovery -- to assess attribution quality in generated explanations. We implement our protocol using both human annotators and automatic annotators, and find that LLM annotation correlates with human annotation, suggesting that attribution assessment can be automated. Finally, our experiments reveal that: (1) the best-performing LLMs still generate explanations with inaccurate attributions; and (2) human-curated evidence is essential for generating better explanations. Code and data are available here: https://github.com/ruixing76/Transparent-FCExp.
description: Accepted to NAACL 2025 Main
Considerations for the Observability of Kinematically Offset Binary AGN
Creators: name: Kelley, Luke Zoltan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gravitational waves from Massive black-hole (MBH) binaries are expected to be detected by pulsar timing arrays in the next few years. While they are a promising source for multimessenger observations as binary AGN, few convincing candidates have been identified in electromagnetic surveys. One approach to identifying candidates has been through spectroscopic surveys searching for offsets or time-dependent offsets of broad emission lines (BLs), which may be characteristic of Doppler shifts from binary orbital motion. In this study, we predict the parameter space of MBH binaries that should be kinematically detectable. There is a delicate trade-off between requiring binary separations to be large enough for BL regions to remain attached to one of the AGN, but also small enough such that their orbital velocity is detectable. We find that kinematic signatures are only observable for the lower-mass secondary AGN, for binaries with total-masses above about $10^8 M_\odot$, and separations between 0.1 and 1 pc. We motivate our usage of a kinematic-offset sensitivity of $10^3$ km/s, and a sensitivity to changing offsets of $10^2$ km/s. With these parameters, and an Eddington ratio of 0.1, we find that 0.5% of binaries have detectable offsets, and only 0.03% have detectable velocity changes. Overall, kinematic binary signatures should be expected in fewer than one in $10^4$ AGN. Better characterizing the intrinsic variability of BLs is crucial to understanding and vetting MBH binary candidates. This requires multi-epoch spectroscopy of large populations of AGN over a variety of timescales.
description: 10+3 pages, 5+1 figures including sweet keynote schematic; comments more than welcome!
On the stochastic pendulum with Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise
Creators: name: Mallick, Kirone
name: Marcq, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a frictionless pendulum subject to multiplicative random noise. Because of destructive interference between the angular displacement of the system and the noise term, the energy fluctuations are reduced when the noise has a non-zero correlation time. We derive the long time behavior of the pendulum in the case of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise by a recursive adiabatic elimination procedure. An analytical expression for the asymptotic probability distribution function of the energy is obtained and the results agree with numerical simulations. Lastly, we compare our method to other approximation schemes.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
High-fidelity qubit readout using interferometric directional Josephson devices
Creators: name: Abdo, Baleegh
name: Jinka, Oblesh
name: Bronn, Nicholas T.
name: Olivadese, Salvatore
name: Brink, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonreciprocal microwave devices, such as circulators and isolators, are needed in high-fidelity qubit readout schemes to unidirectionally route the readout signals and protect the qubits against noise coming from the output chain. However, cryogenic circulators and isolators are prohibitive in scalable superconducting architectures because they rely on magnetic materials. Here, we perform a fast (750 ns) high-fidelity (95%) quantum nondemolition readout of a coherent superconducting qubit ($T_{1}=52$ $μs$, $T_{\rm{2E}}=35$ $μs$) without any nonreciprocal magnetic devices. We employ in our readout chain a microwave-controlled qubit-Readout Multi-Chip Module (qRMCM) that integrates interferometric directional Josephson devices consisting of an isolator and a reconfigurable isolator/amplifier device and an off-chip low-pass filter. Using the qRMCM, we demonstrate isolation up to 45 dB within 13 MHz, when both directional devices are operated as isolators, and low-noise amplification in excess of 10 dB within a dynamical bandwidth of $10$ MHz, when the reconfigurable device is operated as an amplifier. We also demonstrate using the variable isolation of the qRMCM an in-situ enhancement of the qubit coherence times $T_{\rmφ}$ and $T_{\rm{2E}}$ by two orders of magnitude (i.e., from $T_{\rmφ}=T_{\rm{2E}}=0.5$ $μs$ to $T_{\rmφ}=90$ $μs$ and $T_{\rm{2E}}=50$ $μs$). Furthermore, by directly comparing the qRMCM performance to a state-of-art configuration (with $T_{\rm{2E}}\approx 2T_{1}$) that employs a pair of wideband magnetic isolators, we find that the excess pure dephasing measured with the qRMCM (for which $T_{\rm{2E}}\approx T_{1}$) is likely limited by residual thermal photon population in the readout resonator. Improved versions of the qRMCM could replace magnetic circulators and isolators in large superconducting quantum processors.
description: Revised and enhanced manuscript that includes new experimental results
Structure of Massive Gauge/Gravity Scattering Amplitudes, Equivalence Theorems, and Extended Double-Copy with Compactified Warped Space
Creators: name: Hang, Yanfeng
name: Zhao, Wei-Wei
name: He, Hong-Jian
name: Qiu, Yin-Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the structure of scattering amplitudes of massive Kaluza-Klein (KK) states in the compactified 5-dimensional warped gauge and gravity theories. We present systematic formulations of the gauge theory equivalence theorem (GAET) and the gravitational equivalence theorem (GRET) for warped KK theories in $R_ξ^{}$ gauge, where the GAET connects the scattering amplitudes of longitudinal KK gauge bosons to that of the corresponding KK Goldstone bosons and the GRET connects the scattering amplitudes of KK gravitons of helicity-zero (helicity-one) to that of the corresponding gravitational scalar (vector) KK Goldstone bosons. We analyze the structure of 3-point and 4-point scattering amplitudes of massive KK gauge bosons and of massive KK gravitons as well as their corresponding Goldstone bosons. We first prove the GAET and GRET explicitly for the fundamental 3-point KK gauge/gravity scattering amplitudes. We then demonstrate that the validity of the GAET and GRET for 4-point gauge/gravity scattering amplitudes can be reduced to the validity of GAET and GRET for 3-point gauge/gravity scattering amplitudes at tree level. With these, we study the double-copy construction of KK scattering amplitudes in the warped gauge/gravity theories. We newly realize the double-copy for massive 3-point full gauge/gravity amplitudes at tree level under proper correspondences of color-kinematics and of gauge/gravity couplings, whereas we can construct the double-copy for 4-point KK gauge/gravity amplitudes to the leading order (LO) of high energy expansion. We also conjecture that this LO double-copy construction can be extended to $N$-point scattering amplitudes with $N\!\geqslant 5$.
description: 103 pages. Refined version to match JHEP (accepted by JHEP in November, 2024); all results and conclusions unchanged
Additional file 1 of Volunteer responsibilities, motivations and challenges in implementation of the community-based health planning and services (CHPS) initiative in Ghana: qualitative evidence from two systems learning districts of the CHPS+ project
Creators: name: Kweku, Margaret
name: Manu, Emmanuel
name: Amu, Hubert
name: Fortress Yayra Aku
name: Adjuik, Martin
name: Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang
name: Komesuor, Joyce
name: Geoffery Adebayor Asalu
name: Amuna, Norbert N.
name: Laud Ampomah Boateng
name: Alornyo, Justine Sefakor
name: Glover, Roland
name: Ayaga A. Bawah
name: Letsa, Timothy
name: Awoonor-Williams, John Koku
name: Phillips, James F.
name: Gyapong, John Owusu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Appendix I. Focus group discussion guide
Market Integration and the Long Run Adjustment of Local Markets to Changes in Trade and Exchange Rate Regimes: Options for Market Reform and Promotion Policies
Creators: name: Badiane, Ousmane
name: Badiane, Ousmane
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: A major limitation of the conventional market integration analysis is its neglect of the factors that underlie the cost associated with moving commodities across local markets. For instance, the existence of integrated markets implied by interdependently determined prices and stable spatial and temporal price spreads does not say much about the competitiveness and efficiency of local markets, or about the nature and determinants of the costs of market intermediation. Furthermore, while more efficient methods are being proposed to analyze price interdependence, the implications at the farm level and for agricultural transformation are not part of the analysis. One would, however, expect reforming governments to be more interested in issues such as i) the implications of market integration for the operation of local markets, ii) its impact on the process of domestic market reforms, iii) strategies to improve the degree of integration, and iv) the benefits of doing so. Market integration analysis may be helpful in providing a photography of the operation of local markets at a given point in time. However, the process of market reform in the context of structural and institutional deficiencies, rather than being a one-shot issue, involves a lengthy transition process from a state-run to a private-sector-based distribution system. Unless it is extended to examine, among others, how market integration affects the process of adjustment in local markets, integration analysis will be of limited help as a tool for market policy research. The approach outlined in the present paper proposes an extension that is based on two premises. First, that the impact of the shock in the central market prices does not only affect the short term level of the local prices, but also their time path. that second, long term impact is determined, by the degree of integration u and is affected by an accompanying changes in local arbitrage costs.
Detectability of Axion Dark Matter with Phonon Polaritons and Magnons
Creators: name: Mitridate, Andrea
name: Trickle, Tanner
name: Zhang, Zhengkang
name: Zurek, Kathryn M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collective excitations in condensed matter systems, such as phonons and magnons, have recently been proposed as novel detection channels for light dark matter. We show that excitation of i) optical phonon polaritons in polar materials in an ${\mathcal O}$(1 T) magnetic field (via the axion-photon coupling), and ii) gapped magnons in magnetically ordered materials (via the axion wind coupling to the electron spin), can cover the difficult-to-reach ${\mathcal O}$(1-100) meV mass window of QCD axion dark matter with less than a kilogram-year exposure. Finding materials with a large number of optical phonon or magnon modes that can couple to the axion field is crucial, suggesting a program to search for a range of materials with different resonant energies and excitation selection rules; we outline the rules and discuss a few candidate targets, leaving a more exhaustive search for future work. Ongoing development of single photon, phonon and magnon detectors will provide the key for experimentally realizing the ideas presented here.
description: 35 pages, 5 figures
The optimal design for cylindrical tubes used as acoustic stethoscopes for auscultation in COVID-19 diagnosis
Creators: name: Jiang, Chuanyang
name: Zhao, Jiaqi
name: Yu, Jiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During the COVID-19 outbreak, the auscultation of heart and lung sounds has played an important role in the comprehensive diagnosis and real-time monitoring of confirmed cases. With clinicians wearing protective clothing in isolation wards, a potato chip tube stethoscope, which is a secure and flexible substitute for a conventional stethoscope, has been used in the first-line treatment of COVID-19 by Chinese medical workers. In this study, an optimal design for this simple cylindrical stethoscope is proposed based on the fundamental theory of acoustic waveguides. Analyses of the cut-off frequency, sound power transmission coefficient, and sound wave propagation in the uniform lossless tube provide theoretical guidance for selecting the geometric parameters for this simple cylindrical stethoscope. In addition, relevant suggestions about surface treatments for the inner wall as well as the use of noise-reduction earplugs are also part of this optimal design.
Space telescope Imaging Spectrograph ultraviolet spectra of LMC planetary nebulae. A study of carbon abundances and stellar evolution
Creators: name: Stanghellini, L.
name: Shaw, R. A.
name: Gilmore, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We acquired spectra of 24 LMC PNe in the 1150--3000 Årange in order to determine carbon and other ionic abundances. The sample more than doubles the number of LMC PNe with good quality UV spectra in this wavelength range, and whose optical images are available in the {\it HST} archive. The {\it Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph} was used with a very large aperture to obtain virtually slit-less spectra, thus the monochromatic images in the major nebulae emission lines are also available. The analysis of the data shows extremely good quality spectra. This paper presents the emission lines identified and measured, and the calculation of the ionic abundances of the emitting carbon and other ions, and total carbon abundance. P-Cygni profiles have been found in a fraction of the nebulae, and the limiting velocities of the stellar winds estimated. The total carbon abundance can be inferred reliably in most nebulae. We found that the average carbon abundance in round and elliptical PNe is one order of magnitude larger than that of the bipolar PNe, while elliptical and round PNe with a bipolar core have a bimodal behavior. This results confirm that bipolarity in LMC PNe is tightly correlated with high mass progenitors. When compared to predicted yields, we found that the observed abundance ratio show a shift toward higher carbon abundances, that may be due to initial conditions assumed in the models not appropriate for LMC PNe.
description: Ap. J., in press
A probabilistic approach to the geometry of the \ell_p^n-ball
Creators: name: Barthe, Franck
name: Guedon, Olivier
name: Mendelson, Shahar
name: Naor, Assaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60E15, 52A20, 52A38, 52A40. (Primary)

description: This article investigates, by probabilistic methods, various geometric questions on B_p^n, the unit ball of \ell_p^n. We propose realizations in terms of independent random variables of several distributions on B_p^n, including the normalized volume measure. These representations allow us to unify and extend the known results of the sub-independence of coordinate slabs in B_p^n. As another application, we compute moments of linear functionals on B_p^n, which gives sharp constants in Khinchine's inequalities on B_p^n and determines the ψ_2-constant of all directions on B_p^n. We also study the extremal values of several Gaussian averages on sections of B_p^n (including mean width and \ell-norm), and derive several monotonicity results as p varies. Applications to balancing vectors in \ell_2 and to covering numbers of polyhedra complete the exposition.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117904000000874 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Additional file 1 of The ability of artisanal fishers to recognize the dolphins they cooperate with
Creators: name: Daiane S. X. Da Rosa
name: Hanazaki, Natalia
name: Maurício Cantor
name: Simões-Lopes, Paulo C.
name: Fábio G. Daura-Jorge
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Model selection table for Recognition Index (RI), Concordance Index (CDI), consensus per fisher (ACI) and degree of certainty (CeI).
Remarkable change of tunneling conductance in YBCO films in fields up to 32.4T
Creators: name: Beck, R.
name: Dagan, Y.
name: Milner, A.
name: Leibovitch, G.
name: Gerber, A.
name: Mints, R. G.
name: Deutscher, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the tunneling density of states in YBCO films under strong currents flowing along node directions. The currents were induced by fields of up to 32.4T parallel to the film surface and perpendicular to the $CuO_{2}$ planes. We observed a remarkable change in the tunneling conductance at high fields where the gap-like feature shifts discontinuously from 15meV to a lower bias of 11meV, becoming more pronounced as the field increases. The effect takes place in increasing fields around 9T and the transition back to the initial state occurs around 5T in decreasing fields. We argue that this transition is driven by surface currents induced by the applied magnetic field.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures
Mapping Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interactions to inversion asymmetry in perovskite oxide heterostructures
Creators: name: Ganguli, Nirmal
name: Singh, Avishek
name: Kumar, Vivek
name: Chakraborty, Jayita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inversion asymmetry, combined with spin-orbit interaction, leads to Rashba or Dresselhaus effects, or combinations of them that are promising for technologies based on antiferromagnetic spintronics. Since understanding the exact nature of spin-orbit interaction is crucial for developing a technology based on it, mapping the nature of inversion asymmetry with the type of spin-orbit interaction becomes the key. We simulate a perovskite oxide heterostructure LaAlO$_3|$SrIrO$_3|$SrTiO$_3$ preserving the inversion symmetry within density functional theory to demonstrate the relation between the nature of inversion asymmetry and the corresponding Rashba or Dresselhaus-type interaction. With progressive distortion in the heterostructure, we find how the structure inversion asymmetry sets in with distorted bond lengths and bond angles, leading to Rashba effect in the system. Further, introduction of tilted IrO$_6$ octahedra leads to bulk inversion asymmetry, helping a combined Rashba-Dresselhaus interaction to set in. A comparison of the spin textures obtained from our DFT calculations and theoretical modeling helps us identify the exact nature of the interactions. Besides demonstrating the connection between the nature of asymmetry with Rashba and Dresselhaus interactions, our work may serve as a guide to identifying different types of Rashba-like spin-orbit interactions.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Cosmic Acceleration in Massive Half-Maximal Supergravity
Creators: name: Brax, Philippe
name: van de Bruck, Carsten
name: Davis, Anne-Christine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider massive half-maximal supergravity in (d+3) dimensions and compactify it on a symmetric three space. We find that the static configurations of Minkowski X S^3, obtained by balancing the positive scalar potential for the dilaton and the flux of a three-form through the three-sphere, are unstable. The resulting cosmological evolution breaks supersymmetry and leads to an accelerated expansion in d dimensions.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
The Response of Local Maize Prices to the 1983 Currency Devaluation in Ghana
Creators: name: Badiane, Ousmane
name: Shively, Gerald E.
name: Badiane, Ousmane
name: Shively, Gerald E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Demand and Price Analysis

description: This paper investigates the respective roles of spatial integration and arbitrage costs in explaining the adjustment of local prices to policy changes using the example of Ghana. We introduce a model of price formation and market integration that incorporates the price transmission process between local and central markets and also captures the implications for volatility of local prices. We explore the implications of the model for the time-path of price adjustments, as determined directly and indirectly through the marketing sector. We show that the price-adjustment process in a local market is determined by the degree of interdependence between that market and the central market in which price-shock originates, and estimate the intertemporal and interspatial dynamics of the price adjustment process. Using data from wholesale maize markets in Ghana we find that reductions in local prices and local price variance following the introduction of economic reforms in 1983 can be traced to both local and central market forces, but that differences in the degree of market integration have important implications for long-run changes in arbitrage costs and the evolution of prices in outlying markets.
Seismic singularity characterization with redundant dictionaries
Creators: name: Dupuis, Catherine Mareva
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: We consider seismic signals as a superposition of waveforms parameterized by their fractional-orders. Each waveform models the reflection of a seismic wave at a particular transition between two lithological layers in the subsurface. The location of the waveforms in the seismic signal corresponds to the depth of the transitions in the subsurface, whereas their fractional-order constitutes a measure of the sharpness of the transitions. By considering fractional-order transitions, we generalize the zero-order transition model of the conventional deconvolution problem, and aim at capturing the different types of transitions. The goal is to delineate and characterize transitions from seismic signals by recovering the locations and fractional-orders of its corresponding waveforms. This problem has received increasing interest, and several methods have been proposed, including multi- and monoscale analysis based on Mallat's wavelet transform modulus maxima, and seismic atomic decomposition. We propose a new method based on a two-step approach, which divides the initial problem of delineating and characterizing transitions over the whole seismic signal, into two easier subproblems. The algorithm first partitions the seismic signal into its major components, and then estimates the fractional-orders and locations of each component. Both steps are based on the sparse decomposition of seismic signals in overcomplete dictionaries of waveforms parameterized by their fractional-orders, and involve i 1 minimizations solved by an iterative thresholding algorithm. We present the method and show numerical results on both synthetic and real data.
Lieb Robinson bounds and out of time order correlators in a long range spin chain
Creators: name: Colmenarez, Luis
name: Luitz, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lieb Robinson bounds quantify the maximal speed of information spreading in nonrelativistic quantum systems. We discuss the relation of Lieb Robinson bounds to out of time order correlators, which correspond to different norms of commutators $C(r,t) = [A_i(t),B_{i+r}]$ of local operators. Using an exact Krylov space time evolution technique, we calculate these two different norms of such commutators for the spin 1/2 Heisenberg chain with interactions decaying as a power law $1/r^α$ with distance $r$. Our numerical analysis shows that both norms (operator norm and normalized Frobenius norm) exhibit the same asymptotic behavior, namely a linear growth in time at short times and a power law decay in space at long distance, leading asymptotically to power law light cones for $α<1$ and to linear light cones for $α>1$. The asymptotic form of the tails of $C(r,t)\propto t/r^α$ is described by short time perturbation theory which is valid at short times and long distances.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Multi-epoch X-ray spectral analysis of Centaurus A: revealing new constraints on iron emission line origins
Creators: name: Iwata, Toshiya
name: Tanimoto, Atsushi
name: Odaka, Hirokazu
name: Bamba, Aya
name: Inoue, Yoshiyuki
name: Hagino, Kouichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conduct X-ray reverberation mapping and spectral analysis of the radio galaxy Centaurus A to uncover its central structure. We compare the light curve of the hard X-ray continuum from Swift Burst Alert Telescope observations with that of the Fe K$α$ fluorescence line, derived from the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), Suzaku, XMM-Newton, and Swift X-ray Telescope observations. The analysis of the light curves suggests that a top-hat transfer function, commonly employed in reverberation mapping studies, is improbable. Instead, the relation between these light curves can be described by a transfer function featuring two components: one with a lag of $0.19_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.10}~\mathrm{pc}/c$, and another originating at $r > 1.7~\mathrm{pc}$ that produces an almost constant light curve. Further, we analyze the four-epoch NuSTAR and six-epoch Suzaku spectra, considering the time lag of the reflection component relative to the primary continuum. This spectral analysis supports that the reflecting material is Compton-thin, with $N_{\mathrm{H}} = 3.14_{-0.74}^{+0.44} \times 10^{23}~ \mathrm{cm}^{-2}$. These results suggest that the Fe K$α$ emission may originate from Compton-thin circumnuclear material located at sub-parsec scale, likely a dust torus, and materials at a greater distance.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures, 7 tables, accepted for publication in PASJ
Spending Money Wisely: Online Electronic Coupon Allocation based on Real-Time User Intent Detection
Creators: name: Li, Liangwei
name: Sun, Liucheng
name: Weng, Chenwei
name: Huo, Chengfu
name: Ren, Weijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Online electronic coupon (e-coupon) is becoming a primary tool for e-commerce platforms to attract users to place orders. E-coupons are the digital equivalent of traditional paper coupons which provide customers with discounts or gifts. One of the fundamental problems related is how to deliver e-coupons with minimal cost while users' willingness to place an order is maximized. We call this problem the coupon allocation problem. This is a non-trivial problem since the number of regular users on a mature e-platform often reaches hundreds of millions and the types of e-coupons to be allocated are often multiple. The policy space is extremely large and the online allocation has to satisfy a budget constraint. Besides, one can never observe the responses of one user under different policies which increases the uncertainty of the policy making process. Previous work fails to deal with these challenges. In this paper, we decompose the coupon allocation task into two subtasks: the user intent detection task and the allocation task. Accordingly, we propose a two-stage solution: at the first stage (detection stage), we put forward a novel Instantaneous Intent Detection Network (IIDN) which takes the user-coupon features as input and predicts user real-time intents; at the second stage (allocation stage), we model the allocation problem as a Multiple-Choice Knapsack Problem (MCKP) and provide a computational efficient allocation method using the intents predicted at the detection stage. We conduct extensive online and offline experiments and the results show the superiority of our proposed framework, which has brought great profits to the platform and continues to function online.
Pion Superfluidity and Meson Properties at Finite Isospin Density
Creators: name: He, Lianyi
name: Jin, Meng
name: Zhuang, Pengfei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate pion superfluidity and its effect on meson properties and equation of state at finite temperature and isospin and baryon densities in the frame of standard flavor SU(2) NJL model. In mean field approximation to quarks and random phase approximation to mesons, the critical isospin chemical potential for pion superfluidity is exactly the pion mass in the vacuum, and corresponding to the isospin symmetry spontaneous breaking, there is in the pion superfluidity phase a Goldstone mode which is the linear combination of the normal sigma and charged pion modes. We calculate numerically the gap equations for the chiral and pion condensates, the phase diagrams, the meson spectra, and the equation of state, and compare them with that obtained in other effective models. The competitions between pion superfluidity and color superconductivity at finite baryon density and between pion and kaon superfluidity at finite strangeness density in flavor SU(3) NJL model are briefly discussed.
description: Updated version: (1)typos corrected; (2)an algebra error in Eq.(87) corrected; (3)Fig.(17) renewed according to Eq.(87). We thank Prof.Masayuki Matsuzaki for pointing out the error in Eq.(87)
Lupinus angustifolius subsp. extract
Creators: name: Aisyah, Siti
name: Vincken, Jean-Paul
name: Andini, Silvia
name: Mardiah, Zahara
name: Gruppen, Harry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Fabales
Fabaceae
Lupinus
Lupinus angustifolius
L. angustifolius

description: 4.4. Fractionation of elicited L. angustifolius extract
 The fungal elicitation process of L. angustifolius was scaled up in a two-tank steep germinator (Custom Laboratory Products, Keith, UK). The elicitation process of L. angustifolius consisted of the same steps as described for the sprouting machine. The soaking step was performed at 22 °C, involving three subsequent steps: 6 h immersing in water, 12 h resting in humid air and 6 h immersing in water. The germination step was performed at 22 °C and a humidity of 95–98%, whereas the elicitation with fungus was performed at 30 °C and a humidity of 70–90%. The elicited L. angustifolius seedlings were freeze-dried and milled (Retsch Ultra Centrifugal Mill ZM 200; Haan, Germany). The dried powder was extracted with 80% (vol/vol) aqueous methanol with ratio 1:20 (wt/vol) under influence of sonication at 40 °C for 30 min. The extract was evaporated under reduced pressure and then freeze-dried. A Reveleris Flash system (Grace, Deerfield, IL, USA) was used to obtain fractions enriched in prenylated genistein and prenylated 20 -hydroxygenistein derivatives. To this end, dry extract (250 mg) was mixed with 1.2 g of silica gel. The mixture was transferred into an empty 5 g cartridge and closed with a plunger. The cartridge was placed upstream of a 12 g Reveleris C18 RP column (particle size 38.6 µm) (Grace Davison Discovery Science, Columbia, MD, USA). Water (Milli-Q) acidified with 1% (vol/vol) HOAc (HPLC grade) + 1% (vol/vol) ACN (HPLC grade), eluent A, and methanol (HPLCgrade), eluent B, were used as eluents. The flow rate was 30 mL/min and the experiment was performed at room temperature. The following elution profile was used: 0–1 min, isocratic on 0% B; 1–3 min, linear gradient from 0% to 60% B; 3–5 min, isocratic on 60% B; 5–6 min, linear gradient from 60% to 70% B; 6–9 min, isocratic on 70% B; 9–10 min, linear gradient from 70% to 80% B; 10–13 min, isocratic on 80% B; 13–17 min, linear gradient from 80% to 100% B. The eluate was monitored at 260 nm. Fractions (10 mL) were analyzed with UHPLC–MS. Fractions containing similar prenylated genistein or prenylated 20 -hydroxygenistein derivatives were pooled. The pools were evaporated under vacuum, frozen and freeze-dried. The pools were solubilized in 80% (vol/ vol) aqueous methanol for analysis with UHPLC–MS and solubilized in DMSO to determine their estrogenicity.
description: Published as part of Aisyah, Siti, Vincken, Jean-Paul, Andini, Silvia, Mardiah, Zahara & Gruppen, Harry, 2016, Compositional changes in (iso) flavonoids and estrogenic activity of three edible Lupinus species by germination and Rhizopus-elicitation, pp. 65-75 in Phytochemistry 122 on page 73, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.12.015, http://zenodo.org/record/10485527
Agricultural Input Market Reforms. A Review of Selected Literature
Creators: name: Goletti, Francesco
name: Alfano, Anna
name: Goletti, Francesco
name: Alfano, Anna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The objective of this paper is to derive lessons from selected literature concerning the impact and the conditions of successful agricultural input market reform. The agricultural inputs of interest in this review are: fertilizers, seeds, agricultural equipment, pesticides, and livestock services and health inputs. The paper examines the rationale for market reform, its impact on growth, productivity, and income of farmers, and the conditions for success. Six main conclusions emerge from this review. First, market structures are the result of evolutionary processes that accompany the adoption and the diffusion of modern technology in agriculture. Second, the development of markets and private sector cannot occur unless an adequate infrastructure is in place. Third, markets cannot work unless a favorable institutional environment is created. Fourth, the success of reforms is heavily influenced by the sequencing of various policy measures. Fifth, the participation of the private sector is dependent on the credibility of government policies in support of market reforms. Finally, the scanty evidence on the impact of market reforms on small farmers suggests that these groups are often penalized.
Role of primary care physician to manage hypertension in a low-resource Setting
Creators: name: Lingkan Barua
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2022

description: Hypertension is a primary care clinical condition that is therefore best detected, managed, and followed at a primary care level by a primary care team led by a physician. However, the delivery of primary care services is not unique in all countries, especially in low- or lower-middle-income countries where primary care physicians used to manage hypertension in low-resource settings (LRS). This presentation will focus on the concept of LRS, a list of potential roles played by primary care physicians, and the possible challenges they usually face. Usually, the settings where health care systems do not meet the minimum standards set by the World Health Organization or any other quasi-governmental organization are considered LRS. However, there is no explicit definition for LRS. The major roles of a primary care physician in LRS are the identification of an individual at high risk for HTN, proper screening, diagnosis with a proper communication strategy to inform about the diagnosis, cost-effective rational treatment with counseling, and finally follow-up. The primary care physician is at the heart of team-based HTN care in an LRS and will provide supportive supervision to the team to ensure the best outcome: (i) increased patient enrollment, (ii) increased patient treatment rate, (iii) improve BP control rate, (iv) high treatment compliance (v) reduction of drug stock-outs. In LRS, without team-based care and shifting of tasks, it will be challenging to ensure proper management. In general, a primary care physician will play a leadership role in a resource-poor setting to successfully implement an HTN management program.
Maximally Supersymmetric RG Flows in 4D and Integrability
Creators: name: Caetano, Joao
name: Peelaers, Wolfger
name: Rastelli, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the leading irrelevant deformation of $\mathcal{N}=4$ Super Yang-Mills theory that preserves sixteen supercharges. We consider the deformed theory on $S^3 \times \mathbb{R}$. We are able to write a closed form expression of the classical action thanks to a formalism that realizes eight supercharges off shell. We then investigate integrability of the spectral problem, by studying the spin-chain Hamiltonian in planar perturbation theory. While there are some structural indications that a suitably defined deformation might preserve integrability, we are unable to settle this question by our two-loop calculation; indeed up to this order we recover the integrable Hamiltonian of undeformed $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM due to accidental symmetry enhancement. We also comment on the holographic interpretation of the theory.
description: 39 pages; v2: references and comments added
A Radio and Mid-Infrared Survey of Northern Bright-Rimmed Clouds
Creators: name: Morgan, L. K.
name: Thompson, M. A.
name: Urquhart, J. S.
name: White, Glenn. J.
name: Miao, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have carried out an archival radio, optical and infrared wavelength imaging survey of 44 Bright-Rimmed Clouds (BRCs) using the NRAO/VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) archive, images from the Digitised Sky Survey (DSS) and the Midcourse Space eXperiment (MSX). The data characterise the physical properties of the Ionised Boundary Layer (IBL) of the BRCs. A total of 25 clouds display 20 cm radio continuum emission that is associated with their bright optical rims. The ionising photon flux illuminating these clouds, the ionised gas pressure and the electron density of the IBL are determined. We derive internal molecular pressures for 9 clouds using molecular line data from the literature and compare these pressures to the IBL pressures to determine the pressure balance of the clouds. We find three clouds in which the pressure exerted by their IBLs is much greater than that measured in the internal molecular material. A comparison of external pressures around the remaining clouds to a global mean internal pressure shows that the majority of clouds can be expected to be in pressure equilibrium with their IBLs and hence are likely to be currently shocked by photoionisation shocks. We identify one source which shows 20 cm emission consistent with that of an embedded high-mass YSO and confirm its association with a known infrared stellar cluster. This embedded cluster is shown to contain early-type B stars, implying that at least some BRCs are intimately involved in intermediate to high mass star formation.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures, the images in this version are low resolution. High resolution images are available on request from the lead author
Suppression of indirect exchange and symmetry breaking in antiferromagnetic metal with dynamic charge stripes
Creators: name: Krasikov, K.
name: Glushkov, V.
name: Demishev, S.
name: Khoroshilov, A.
name: Bogach, A.
name: Voronov, V.
name: Shitsevalova, N.
name: Filipov, V.
name: Gabani, S.
name: Flachbart, K.
name: Siemensmeyer, K.
name: Sluchanko, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precise angle-resolved magnetoresistance (ARM) measurements are applied to reveal the origin for the lowering of symmetry in electron transport and the emergence of a huge number of magnetic phases in the ground state of antiferromagnetic metal HoB12 with fcc crystal structure. By analyzing of the polar H-theta-phi magnetic phase diagrams of this compound reconstructed from the experimental ARM data we argue that non-equilibrium electron density oscillations (dynamic charge stripes) are responsible for the suppression of the indirect RKKY exchange along <110> directions between the nearest neighboring magnetic moments of Ho3+ ions in this strongly correlated electron system.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
Reforming and Promotion Local Agricultural Markets: A Research Approach
Creators: name: Badiane, Ousmane
name: Nuppenau, Ernst-August
name: Badiane, Ousmane
name: Nuppenau, Ernst-August
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Although the techniques that are being used have become much more sophisticated, recent methodological developments in market research have hardly gone beyond the econometric test of market integration. While more efficient methods are being proposed to analyze price interdependence, the implications at the farm level and for agricultural transformation are not part of the analysis. However, one would expect reforming governments to be more interested in issues such as i) the implications of market integration for the operation of local markets, ii) its impact on the process of domestic market reforms, iii) strategies to improve the degree of integration, and iv) the benefits of doing so. It is well known that the ultimate at the local level of changes in macroeconomic policies depend to a large extent on the adjustment at the meso-level, meaning the marketing sector. Consequently, understanding the impact of economic policy reforms at the local level requires an integrated approach to analyzing macroeconomic and marketing policy changes. The present paper develops a model which, while starting from the integration approach, offers an extension of the latter to show the implication of market integration for the adjustment of local markets to policy reforms.
Relations between the Gribov-horizon and center-vortex confinement scenarios
Creators: name: Greensite, J.
name: Olejnik, S.
name: Zwanziger, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review numerical evidence on connections between the center-vortex and Gribov-horizon confinement scenarios.
description: Plenary talk presented by S. Olejnik at "Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum VI", Villasimius, Sardinia, Italy, Sep. 21-25, 2004; 10 pages, 11 EPS figures, uses AIP Proceedings style files
Two-Field Quintessential Higgs model and the Swampland
Creators: name: Es-haghi, Mehdi
name: Zarei, Moslem
name: Sheykhi, Ahmad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a two-field model where a quintessence field with an exponential potential $e^{-βϕ/M_P}$ is coupled to the Higgs field. It is claimed that this model is consistent with the proposed Swampland conjecture. We check this claim by calculating its inflationary observables. Although, these observables are in good agreement with the latest CMB data, but we find an upper bound $β\lesssim 8\times 10^{-3}$ that strongly disfavors the Swampland conjecture.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, Received: 9 November 2024 / Accepted: 6 January 2025