cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Time-dependent Bragg diffraction and short-pulse reflection by one-dimensional photonic crystals
Creators: name: André, Jean-michel
name: Jonnard, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The time-dependence of the Bragg diffraction by one-dimensional photonic crystals and its influence on the short pulse reflection are studied in the framework of the coupled- wave theory. The indicial response of the photonic crystal is calculated and it appears that it presents a time-delay effect with a transient time conditioned by the extinction length. A numerical simulation is presented for a Bragg mirror in the x-ray domain and a pulse envelope modelled by a sine-squared shape. The potential consequences of the time-delay effect in time-dependent optics of short-pulses are emphasized.
On the Rationality of Network Development: the Case of the Belgian Highway Network
Creators: name: Vanoutrive, Thomas
name: Van Damme, Ilja
name: De Block, Greet
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: The development of transport networks has been explained, predicted and planned using a variety of methodological approaches. These range from narrative historical accounts to the application of models borrowed from the natural sciences, the latter being predominant in the field of transport economics. Probably the most remarkable example is the mimicking of highway networks by slime mould in Petri dishes. The aim of this paper is to examine and compare methods used to hypothesise on and explain the development of transport networks, and we specifically focus on methods that emphasise topology over topography, relations over form (in line with the work of Gabriel Dupuy and others). Belgium was chosen as case because the topology of Belgium’s highway network is considered by some as one of the most ‘rational’ in the world, although its form and materiality are often qualified as ‘chaotic’, or indeed ‘irrational’. The quantitative analysis of the development of this network reported in the present paper indicates that this supposed rationality is seldom followed and seemingly ‘irrational’ parameters literally deviate its growth. Therefore, the quantitative part is complemented by a historical analysis which focuses more on the role, and indeed rationality, of historical actors and the wider institutional context. Material provided by this case study supplies fuel for discussion about broader issues, in particular the underlying ideological and political-economic claims associated with a particular methodological approach. This is especially relevant given the fact that models used to predict past transport investments are also employed to evaluate future investments in infrastructure. Quantitative approaches generally attribute a central role to the concept of demand, and thus degrees of ‘rationality’ are in fact linked to ideas of consumer democracy where individual demand guides investment decisions. In contrast, interpretations of a less deterministic nature emphasise the degrees of freedom of political actors/choice. We conclude that the views held by actors of the past, present and future of transport networks are relevant for democratic debates on transport policy since the metaphors and models used are not value-neutral.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 3 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Change and Responsive Planning
A democratic city? The impact of public transport networks on social cohesion
Creators: name: Makhubu, Absalom
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: Urbanity is political. Thus, urbanists have to engage with political issues and systems in order to address injustices of the past, and create a more equitable present. Especially in the context of South African cities, which are still dominated by apartheid morphologies. 2016 marks South Africa’s 22nd year into democracy, but what are the achievements and advancements in transforming the spatial legacy the ‘new’ country inherited from the Apartheid dispensation? Moreover, what are the characteristics of a post-apartheid, democratic city and society? The City of Johannesburg, the local authority of the Johannesburg Metropolitan regions, believes that transport networks must play a role to support the creation of social cohesion in a highly segregated city to address the spatial legacy of apartheid. It has therefore implemented a number of transport oriented development plans throughout the city including the Corridors of Freedom development plan. This paper unpacks theory around the concept of social cohesion, in order to understand why this is relevant to planning trajectories in South Africa. Furthermore, it discusses social, economic and spatial legacies to which planning needs to respond. It examines the Corridors of Freedom, a ‘Transit Orientated Development’ framework proposed by the City of Johannesburg aimed at “stitching” the city together. It critically analyses the plan’s objectives and how it addresses issues of social cohesion to highlight some of the strengths and shortcomings of the proposed ‘Corridors’.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 3 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Change and Responsive Planning
An Empirical Study on the Relation between Programming Languages and the Presence of Community Smells
Creators: name: Annunziata, Giusy
name: Ferrara, Carmine
name: Lambiase, Stefano
name: Catolino, Gemma
name: Palomba, Fabio
name: De Lucia, Andrea
name: Ferrucci, Filomena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Software engineering not elsewhere classified
Empirical software engineering
Project management

description: Replication Package - An Empirical Study on the Relation between Programming Languages and the Presence of Community Smells
Velocity-selective EIT measurement of potassium Rydberg states
Creators: name: Xu, Wenchao
name: DeMarco, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a velocity selection scheme that mitigates suppression of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) by Doppler shifts for low--high EIT probe--coupling wavelength ordering. An optical pumping beam counter-propagating with the EIT probe beam transfers atoms between hyperfine states in a velocity selective fashion. Measurement of the transmitted probe beam synchronous with chopping of the optical pumping beam enables a Doppler-free EIT signal to be detected. Transition frequencies between 5P$_{1/2}$ and $n$S$_{1/2}$ states for $n=$26, 27, and 28 in $^{39}$K are obtained via EIT spectroscopy in a heated vapor cell with a probe beam stabilized to the 4S$_{1/2}\rightarrow$5P$_{1/2}$ transition. Using previous high-resolution measurements of the 4S$_{1/2}\rightarrow$nS$_{1/2}$ transitions, we make a determination of the absolute frequency of the 4S$_{1/2}\rightarrow$5P$_{1/2}$ transition. Our measurement is shifted by 560 MHz from the currently accepted value with a two-fold improvement in uncertainty. These measurements will enable novel experiments with Rydberg-dressed ultracold Fermi gases composed of $^{40}$K atoms.
Long wavelength limit for the quantum Euler-Poisson equation
Creators: name: Liu, Huimin
name: Pu, Xueke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we consider the long wavelength limit for the quantum Euler-Poisson equation. Under the Gardner-Morikawa transform, we derive the quantum Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation by a singular perturbation method. We show that the KdV dynamics can be seen at time interval of order $O(ε^{-3/2})$. When the nondimensional quantum parameter $H=2$, it reduces to the inviscid Burgers equation.
description: 36pages
Land in Limbo: Understanding Planning Agencies and Spatial Development at the Interface of the Port and City of Naples
Creators: name: De Martino, Paolo
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: Numerous actors have been involved in the planning of the port and city of Naples; actors who have different ideas and goals, different tools, and even time-frames. The European Union, the Italian nation, the Campania Region, the Municipality of Naples, and the Port Authority act upon the port at different levels of planning. Each entity has different spatialities and temporalities. Their diverse goals have led port and city to develop into separate entities, from a spatial, functional as well as administrative point of view. The different scopes of their planning are particularly visible in the zone between port and city. Using and challenging the theory of path dependency, this paper explores the diverging ways in which a range of different institutions have planned for port and city starting from nineteenth century until today. It studies how the introduction of different institutions and their evolution has influenced plan making over time. The case of Naples shows the challenges that arise from the palimpsest of plans and goals associated with port and city, and that are particularly visible in the port-city interface in Naples.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 3 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Change and Responsive Planning
Antwerp City Wastescapes. Historic interplays between waste & urban development.
Creators: name: Marin, Julie
name: De Meulder, Bruno
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: This paper analyses waste management and the production of space over time in the city of Antwerp, Belgium. By reconstructing how shifting waste practices simultaneously reshape our urban environments at multiple scales, this paper also articulates historic interplays between waste management, urban development and planning practices. Benefiting from available waste processes and materials is a practice that disappeared during industrialisation scale jumps and more linear processes of urbanisation and consumption indeed dominate the current practices. But cities like Antwerp are rethinking these resource consumptive processes and orienting their policies towards what is generally labelled as a resource independent ‘circular economy’. In order to be resilient for climate change, Antwerp’s centralized and heavily engineered and stressed waste collection and treatment installations of the last century require revision, if not systemic redefinition. After a century of dumping on peripheral locations, bottom-up initiatives such as repair cafés, zero waste shops, green schools and even supermarkets are changing the cultural appreciation of ‘waste’ in Antwerp by pulling ‘waste practices’ back into the city and activating social community spaces. What can we learn from the historic interplays between waste and urban development in Antwerp at the eve of Antwerp’s next –circular- waste geography?
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 3 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Change and Responsive Planning
Capital Accumulation Process and Resilience: urban planning and redevelopment of port areas, a case study of Santos (Brazil)
Creators: name: Souza, Clarissa D. C.
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: The present work aims at outlining a current urban scenario of the urban planning implemented in the city of Santos (Brazil), especially the policies of urban and port requalification through the analysis of the actions of Alegra Centro Program. Alegra Centro is the name of the Revitalization and Development Program of the Historical Central Region of Santos. The program was created by the city government in February of 2003 and the analysis is focused on the last decade. The program is based on strategic actions and goals for development of the central area of Santos and its port. It also stimulates the resumption of economic development through actions in the following areas: improvement of the urban landscape; preservation and restoration of historical sites, artistic and landscape heritage; integration between the pier and the central area among others. Based on Harvey (2002) and others authors this paper identifies the process of capital accumulation and reproduction in the local space through the analysis of the developing urban requalification policy, therefore the resilience of the urban space (THACKARA, 2009), and its historical relationship in the process of the city urban planning. This work also deals with the transformations of the urban space of the city of Santos, from the physical and social point of view. It discusses the realized actions in the process of urban requalification and compares them with the ones taken towards housing policy. The proposal of the present work verifies that the project of requalification of Santos is indeed one that privileges the allocation of public resources in a strategic site of the city. Furthermore, would not the implementation of the urban requalification model be the adoption of “displaced ideas” (SCHWARZ, 1999) therefore the importation of models without considering the specificities, local reality and social fragilities? It discusses and concludes the following hypotheses: the proposal of requalification is more of an ideological rhetoric, which perpetuates the accumulation of capital, therefore the resilience of the urban space; the studied demonstrates the impact of the proposals in the urban dynamics and reality and its social issue. It confirms the thesis that the ongoing redevelopment project in the city of Santos is an urban policy that favors the allocation of public resources in strategic areas of the city, especially in the central area, for the benefit of private entrepreneurs. And finally it demonstrates the city plan or scheme that is being implemented in Santos, which is the allocation of public resources in the city central area as a public strategic that has been deepened the social issues without considering the local residents.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 3 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Change and Responsive Planning
Constraining Neutrino mass using the large scale HI distribution in the Post-reionization epoch
Creators: name: Pal, Ashis Kumar
name: Sarkar, Tapomoy Guha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutral intergalactic medium in the post reionization epoch allows us to study cosmological structure formation through the observation of the redshifted 21 cm signal and the Lyman-alpha forest. We investigate the possibility of measuring the total neutrino mass through the suppression of power in the matter power spectrum. We investigate the possibility of measuring the neutrino mass through its imprint on the cross-correlation power spectrum of the 21-cm signal and the Lyman-alpha forest. We consider a radio-interferometric measurement of the 21 cm signal with a SKA1-mid like radio telescope and a BOSS like Lyman-alpha forest survey. A Fisher matrix analysis shows that at the fiducial redshift z = 2.5, a 10,000 hrs 21-cm observation distributed equally over 25 radio pointings and a Lyman-alpha forest survey with 30 quasars lines of sights in 1 {deg}^2, allows us to measure Ω_ν at a 3.25 % level. A total of 25,000 hrs radio-interferometric observation distributed equally over 25 radio pointings and a Lyman-alpha survey with \bar n = 60 {\rm deg}^{-2} will allow Ω_ν to be measured at a 2.26 % level. This corresponds to an idealized measurement of \sum m_ν at the precision of (100 \pm 2.26) meV and f_ν= Ω_ν/ Ω_{m} at 2.49 % level.
description: Published in MNRAS
The Rhetoric of “Provision:” Public and Political Disputes over Port Planning in Hamburg in the 1970s and 1980s
Creators: name: Strupp, Christoph
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: Urban development projects are usually specific. There is a concrete designation of what the land is going to be used for – housing, commerce, leisure –, what buildings will be built and what infrastructure will be required. This enables a meaningful discussion of the proposed concepts and the balancing of public and particularistic interests. But what happens when areas are designated for development and cleared of inhabitants as a measure of economic “provision,” without a precisely defined purpose and with a time schedule stretching decades into the future? This paper will discuss this question in the form of a historical case-study on port expansion in Hamburg in the 1970s and 1980s. It will shed light on public and political conflicts, some of which were the result of particularities of port planning in general, some were the result of specifics of place and time. In 1961 the Hamburg state parliament designated 2,500 hectares for port expansion. It was to be used for new docks, but also for industry. In 1973 the evacuation of the village of Altenwerder began, to make sure that there would be time for the long process of preparing the land for new use. While port expansion had been welcomed unanimously in 1961, from the mid-1970s on it met with resistance. The law of 1961, which allowed for expropriation of private properties without a development scheme, did not hold up in court. Equally problematic was, that the policy of the Hamburg Senate of economic and industrial expansion and the underlying ideology of growth were now called into question. The alleged benefits for the city as a whole in terms of jobs and tax revenue were compared to the ecological and social costs of sacrificing Altenwerder. In 1982 a Port Expansion Law was passed to create a new legal basis for planning. The option of expropriating land for port purposes without a designation of its future use was included and the law allowed for industrial development in the port. To overcome public resistance, the Senate characterized port expansion preparation now in countless speeches and publications as an act of “provision.” Taking advantage of positive implications of the term from social politics – foresight, reason, rationality, responsibility –, the government maintained that it was not only necessary but actually its duty to take provisionary measures in the interest of economic prosperity. The rhetoric of “provision” did not bridge the ideological gap between politicians, port planners, environmentalists and private citizens directly affected by the expansion plans, but the public discourse calmed down after the completion of the evacuation of Altenwerder in the late 1980s, because no other areas of the plan of 1961 have been activated so far.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 3 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Change and Responsive Planning
Electric dipole polarizability: from few- to many-body systems
Creators: name: Miorelli, Mirko
name: Bacca, Sonia
name: Barnea, Nir
name: Hagen, Gaute
name: Orlandini, Giuseppina
name: Papenbrock, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the Lorentz integral transform coupled-cluster method for the calculation of the electric dipole polarizability. We benchmark our results with exact hyperspherical harmonics calculations for 4He and then we move to a heavier nucleus studying 16O. We observe that the implemented chiral nucleon-nucleon interaction at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order underestimates the electric dipole polarizability.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21), May 2015, Chicago
Hugo Riemann's concept of tonality
Creators: name: Tachovsky, Tara
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: This study examines the relationship between theories of harmonic dualism, Riemann's concept of undertones, and Riemann's theories of tonality in the context of nineteenth-century science. As one of the scholars who helped define the field of musicology, Riemann contributed to the impetus to legitimate the discipline by creating ties with other fields. In the first section, I trace the influence of Moritz Hauptmann, Hermann von Helmholtz, and Arthur von Oettingen on Riemann's work, with reference to how Riemann's theories of tonality were derived from the principles of harmonic dualism and his concept of undertones. In the final section, I look at Riemann's theories from the perspective of his critics and show how his ideas were reformulated through interaction with his contemporaries.
Invasion Percolation with a Hardening Interface under Gravity
Creators: name: Oliveira, C. L. N.
name: Wittel, Falk K.
name: Andrade, J. S.
name: Herrmann, Hans J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a modified Invasion Percolation (IP) model to simulate the infiltration of glue into a porous medium under gravity in 2D. Initially, the medium is saturated with air and then invaded by a fluid that has a hardening effect taking place from the interface towards the interior by contact with the air. To take into account that interfacial hardening, we use an IP model where capillary pressures of the growth sites are increased with time. In our model, if a site stays for a certain time at interface, it becomes a hard site and cannot be invaded anymore. That represents the glue interface becoming hard due to exposition with the air. Buoyancy forces are included in this system through the Bond number which represents the competition between the hydrostatic and capillary forces. We then compare our results with results from literature of non-hardening fluids in each regime of Bond number. We see that the invasion patterns change strongly with hardening while the non-hardening behavior remains basically not affected.
Uniformity of Cosmic Microwave Background as a Non-Inflationary Geometrical Effect
Creators: name: Vlahovic, Branislav
name: Eingorn, Maxim
name: Ilie, Cosmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conventional $Λ$CDM cosmological model supplemented by the inflation concept describes the Universe very well. However, there are still a few concerns: new Planck data impose constraints on the shape of the inflaton potential, which exclude a lot of inflationary models; dark matter is not detected directly, and dark energy is not understood theoretically on a satisfactory level. In this brief sketch we investigate an alternative cosmological model with spherical spatial geometry and an additional perfect fluid with the constant parameter $ω=-1/3$ in the linear equation of state. It is demonstrated explicitly that in the framework of such a model it is possible to satisfy the supernovae data at the same level of accuracy as within the $Λ$CDM model and at the same time suppose that the observed cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation originates from a very limited space region. This is ensured by introducing an additional condition of light propagation between the antipodal points during the age of the Universe. Consequently, the CMB uniformity can be explained without the inflation scenario. The corresponding drawbacks of the model with respect to its comparison with the CMB data are also discussed.
description: 23 pages, 4 figures
Basal glutamate in the hippocampus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: Relationships to cognitive proficiency investigated with structural equation modelling
Creators: name: Stanley, Jeffrey A.
name: Daugherty, Ana M.
name: Gorey, Claire Richter
name: Thomas, Patricia
name: Khatib, Dalal
name: Chowdury, Asadur
name: Rajan, Usha
name: Haddad, Luay
name: Amirsadri, Alireza
name: Diwadkar, Vaibhav A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Schizophrenia is characterised by deficits across multiple cognitive domains and altered glutamate related neuroplasticity. The purpose was to investigate whether glutamate deficits are related to cognition in schizophrenia, and whether glutamate-cognition relationships are different between schizophrenia and controls. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 3 Tesla was acquired from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and hippocampus in 44 schizophrenia participants and 39 controls during passive viewing visual task. Cognitive performance (working memory, episodic memory, and processing speed) was assessed on a separate session. Group differences in neurochemistry and mediation/moderation effects using structural equation modelling (SEM) were investigated. Schizophrenia participants showed lower hippocampal glutamate (p = .0044) and myo-Inositol (p = .023) levels, and non-significant dlPFC levels. Schizophrenia participants also demonstrated poorer cognitive performance (p < .0032). SEM-analyses demonstrated no mediation or moderation effects, however, an opposing dlPFC glutamate-processing speed association between groups was observed. Hippocampal glutamate deficits in schizophrenia participants are consistent with evidence of reduced neuropil density. Moreover, SEM analyses indicated that hippocampal glutamate deficits in schizophrenia participants as measured during a passive state were not driven by poorer cognitive ability. We suggest that functional MRS may provide a better framework for investigating glutamate-cognition relationships in schizophrenia.
The Roles of Nitric Oxide, Oxidative Stress, and Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor in Regulating Cutaneous Blood Flow and Sweating During Prolonged Exercise in the Heat with and without Fluid Replacement
Creators: name: McNeely, Brendan
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Heat Loss
Prolonged Exercise
Nitric Oxide
Reactive Oxygen Species

description: The current study evaluated whether NO synthase (NOS) contributes to cutaneous vasodilation and sweating during prolonged exercise in the heat. In addition, we determined if prolonged exercise-induced increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1R) impair heat loss responses. On two separate days, eleven young men completed 90-min of continuous cycling at ~600W of metabolic heat production followed by 40-min of recovery in the heat (40ºC). To evaluate the role of excess fluid loss via sweating, participants completed a second session of the same protocol while receiving fluid replacement (FR) determined during the first session (No-FR). Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) and local sweat rate (LSR) were measured at four intradermal microdialysis forearm sites perfused with either: (1) lactated Ringer (Control); (2) 10 mM NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, NOS inhibition); (3) 10 mM ascorbate (non-selective anti-oxidant); or (4) 4.34 nM Losartan (AT1R inhibition). Ascorbate treatment increased CVC at 60- and 90-min of exercise versus Control during the FR (P < 0.02), but not the No-FR condition (P > 0.31). CVC was reduced at the L-NAME treated site (P < 0.02), but was not different relative to Control at the Losartan treated site (P > 0.19) irrespective of condition. LSR did not differ between sites or as a function of condition (all P > 0.10). We conclude that NO regulates cutaneous vasodilation but not sweating, irrespective of fluid replacement, and ascorbate sensitive ROS impair cutaneous vasodilation during prolonged exercise in the heat with FR.
Systematics and evolution of Western Atlantic Rocellaria Blainville, 1829 (Mollusca: bivalvia: gastrochaenidae)
Creators: name: Fulkerson, Traci
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: This study involved gastrochaenids, tiny, generally tropical bivalves that burrow into limestone, dead coral, and shells. They are poorly understood in the Western Atlantic region. Using both shell morphometric analysis and burrow morphology, the three presently known species (Rocellaria ligula, R. stimpsonii, and R. mowbrayi are clarified.
Basal glutamate in the hippocampus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: Relationships to cognitive proficiency investigated with structural equation modeling
Creators: name: Stanley, Jeffrey A
name: Daugherty, Ana M
name: Gorey, Claire Richter
name: Thomas, Patricia
name: Khatib, Dalal
name: Chowdury, Asadur
name: Rajan, Usha
name: Haddad, Luay
name: Amirsadri, Alireza
name: Diwadkar, Vaibhav A
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Schizophrenia is characterized by deficits across multiple cognitive domains and altered glutamate related neuroplasticity. The purpose was to investigate whether glutamate deficits are related to cognition in schizophrenia, and whether glutamate-cognition relationships are different between schizophrenia and controls. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 3T was acquired from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and hippocampus in 44 schizophrenia participants and 39 controls during passive viewing visual task. Cognitive performance (working memory, episodic memory, and processing speed) was assessed on a separate session. Group differences in neurochemistry and mediation/moderation effects using structural equation modelling (SEM) were investigated. Schizophrenia participants showed lower hippocampal glutamate (p=.0044) and myo-Inositol (p=.023) levels, and non-significant dlPFC levels. Schizophrenia participants also demonstrated poorer cognitive performance (p<.0032). SEM-analyses demonstrated no mediation or moderation effects, however, an opposing dlPFC glutamate-processing speed association between groups was observed. Hippocampal glutamate deficits in schizophrenia participants are consistent with evidence of reduced neuropil density. Moreover, SEM analyses indicated that hippocampal glutamate deficits in schizophrenia participants as measured during a passive state were not driven by poorer cognitive ability. We suggest that functional MRS may provide a better framework for investigating glutamate-cognition relationships in schizophrenia.
Study on the fragmentation of shells
Creators: name: Wittel, Falk K.
name: Kun, Ferenc
name: Herrmann, Hans J.
name: Kröplin, Bernd H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fragmentation can be observed in nature and in everyday life on a wide range of length scales and for all kinds of technical applications. Most studies on dynamic failure focus on the behaviour of bulk systems in one, two and three dimensions under impact and explosive loading, showing universal power law behaviour of fragment size distribution. However, hardly any studies have been devoted to fragmentation of shells. We present a detailed experimental and theoretical study on the fragmentation of closed thin shells of various materials, due to an excess load inside the system and impact with a hard wall. Characteristic fragmentation mechanisms are identified by means of a high speed camera and fragment shapes and mass distributions are evaluated. Theoretical rationalisation is given by means of stochastic break-up models and large-scale discrete element simulations with spherical shell systems under different extreme loading situations. By this we ex-plain fragment shapes and distributions and prove a power law for the fragment mass distribution. Satisfactory agreement between experimental findings and nu-merical predictions of the exponents of the power laws for the fragment shapes is obtained.
World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines update 2023 on the pharmacological treatment of eating disorders
Creators: name: Himmerich, Hubertus
name: Lewis, Yael Doreen
name: Conti, Chiara
name: Mutwalli, Hiba
name: Karwautz, Andreas
name: Sjögren, Jan Magnus
name: Isaza, María Mercedes Uribe
name: Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Marta
name: Aigner, Martin
name: McElroy, Susan L.
name: Treasure, Janet
name: Kasper, Siegfried
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: This 2023 update of the WFSBP guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of eating disorders (EDs) reflects the latest diagnostic and psychopharmacological progress and the improved WFSBP recommendations for the assessment of the level of evidence (LoE) and the grade of recommendation (GoR). The WFSBP Task Force EDs reviewed the relevant literature and provided a timely grading of the LoE and the GoR. In anorexia nervosa (AN), only a limited recommendation (LoE: A; GoR: 2) for olanzapine can be given, because the available evidence is restricted to weight gain, and its effect on psychopathology is less clear. In bulimia nervosa (BN), the current literature prompts a recommendation for fluoxetine (LoE: A; GoR: 1) or topiramate (LoE: A; GoR: 1). In binge-eating disorder (BED), lisdexamfetamine (LDX; LoE: A; GoR: 1) or topiramate (LoE: A; GoR: 1) can be recommended. There is only sparse evidence for the drug treatment of avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), pica, and rumination disorder (RD). In BN, fluoxetine, and topiramate, and in BED, LDX and topiramate can be recommended. Despite the published evidence, olanzapine and topiramate have not received marketing authorisation for use in EDs from any medicine regulatory agency.
Food public markets as cultural capital: Girona province
Creators: name: Nadia, Fava
name: García Vergara, Marisa
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: The role of public market halls in European cities has been analysed from several perspectives: as specific places for feeding the city; as public services; as the first public places built specifically for women; as places to control health and taxes on food; as places where the urban-rural relationship can be articulated; as places to control citizens’ behaviour, or as places providing local trade within a structure. There are fewer studies exploring public food markets as cultural and social capital with a view to improving the local and new-endogenous economy, an economy which not only involves the environment, but also the sociality linked to the tradition of food production. Research on public markets in small provincial towns is scarce, particularly the role they play in maintaining the urban-rural relationship by providing a local food supply, and also in constructing the rural landscape. This case study concerns the province of Girona and its nine public markets halls. The aim of the study is to explore their role as a public service within the territory and the agricultural landscape, the communication system, the local gastronomic culture and economic culture, this apparently being more resilient and stable than the economy of scale.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 3 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Change and Responsive Planning
Separability criteria based on the realignment of density matrices and reduced density matrices
Creators: name: Shen, Shu-Qian
name: Wang, Meng-Yuan
name: Li, Ming
name: Fei, Shao-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By combining a parameterized Hermitian matrix, the realignment matrix of the bipartite density matrix $ρ$ and the vectorization of its reduced density matrices, we present a family of separability criteria, which are stronger than the computable cross norm or realignment (CCNR) criterion. With linear contraction methods, the proposed criteria can be used to detect the multipartite entangled states that are biseparable under any bipartite partitions. Moreover, we show by examples that the presented multipartite separability criteria can be more efficient than the corresponding multipartite realignment criterion based on CCNR, multipartite correlation tensor criterion and multipartite covariance matrix criterion.
description: 10 pages
Algebraic structures of groups of birational transformations
Creators: name: Blanc, Jérémy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14E07, 14L30

description: A priori, the set of birational transformations of an algebraic variety is just a group. We survey the possible algebraic structures that we may add to it, using in particular parametrised family of birational transformations.
description: 12 pages, submitted for proceedings of the "Clifford lectures" conference in New Orleans, in March 2015
No sure victory: measuring U.S. Army effectiveness and progress in the Vietnam War
Creators: name: Daddis, Gregory A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: This study analyzes how the United States Army component of the Military Assistance Command-Vietnam (MACV) attempted to measure its progress and effectiveness while conducting counterinsurgency operations during the Vietnam War. It illustrates the difficulties staff officers and commanders confronted in identifying useful metrics for gauging success in an unconventional environment. Political, economic, and cultural factors all impinged on the course and conduct of the army's counterinsurgency operations. These factors also influenced how commanders attempted to assess their effectiveness and progress. From a historiographical standpoint, most secondary literature on the Vietnam War maintains that the U.S. Army simply used body counts to measure its military effectiveness in a counterinsurgency environment. These sources contend that since army officers could not depend on traditional measures such as geography to determine if they were winning or losing, they reverted to the organizationally comfortable procedure of counting enemy dead. The purpose of this study is to correct this inaccurate simplification and, more importantly, to discover how the U.S. Army, confronted by an unfamiliar enemy and form of warfare, attempted to measure its successes and failures. It will do so by examining the army's doctrine for counterinsurgency, its formulation of measurements to assess progress in the Vietnam War, and the army's use and modification of these measurements during a long and complex war. In the process, this study investigates the army's efforts to measure its progress and effectiveness in a number of key areas throughout the conflict: counterinsurgency operations, search and destroy missions, pacification efforts, and the training of South Vietnamese forces.
Effect of site dilution in the two-dimensional attractive Hubbard model
Creators: name: Pradhan, Saurabh
name: Pai, G. Venketeswara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the percolative superconducting transition as the density of randomly placed attractive centers grows in a host metal. Employing the Hubbard-Stratanovich transformation for the interaction and allowing for spatial, thermal fluctuations of the pairing field, we obtain real-space features of the transition from weak to strong coupling. Spectral and transport properties are studied in detail. BCS-BEC crossover is discussed in the context of site dilution of attractive centers.
For Our Children: A Research Study on Syrian Refugees’ Schooling Experiences in Ottawa
Creators: name: Nofal, Mozynah
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Refugee Education
Resettlement Studies
Acculturation
Refugee schooling

description: During 2015 – 2016, thousands of Syrian refugees arrived in Canadian cities, many of them hoping to find permanent settlement and new life opportunities. In the coming years, these refugees will form communities as they settle in Canada, and develop their own understandings of citizenship and belonging. Using an acculturation framework that views schooling as a primary shaper of resettlement experiences, this qualitative study draws on narrative methodology to explore the overarching question: What are the schooling experiences of recently arrived Syrian refugee within the Ottawa public school system? Refugee narratives describe hopes and concerns for the future, and provide insights for school administrators, educators, and policy makers into the previous experiences of refugees, and current challenges. Findings suggest Syrians arrive to Canada with a determination to succeed, and have positive initial schooling experiences, but often face challenges such as: lack of information, change in family roles, and language barriers.
Diameter-Selective Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes via Polymers: A Competition between Adsorption and Bundling
Creators: name: Yang, Hongliu
name: Bezugly, Viktor
name: Kunstmann, Jens
name: Filoramo, Arianna
name: Cuniberti, Gianaurelio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanism of the selective dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by polyfluorene polymers is studied in this paper. Using extensive molecular dynamics simulations, it is demonstrated that diameter selectivity is the result of a competition between bundling of CNTs and adsorption of polymers on CNT surfaces. The preference for certain diameters corresponds to local minima of the binding energy difference between these two processes. Such minima in the diameter dependence occur due to abrupt changes in the CNT's coverage with polymers and their calculated positions are in quantitative agreement with preferred diameters, reported experimentally. The presented approach defines a theoretical framework for the further understanding and improvement of dispersion/extraction processes.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures, ACS Nano (2015)
Investigating the Behaviour Change Techniques and Motivational Interviewing Techniques In Physical Activity Counselling Sessions
Creators: name: Gagnon, Jean-Christian
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: physical activity
counselling
behaviour change techniques
motivational interviewing

description: Background: In Canada, only 15% of adults meet the physical activity guidelines (Colley et al., 2011). As regular physical activity has been demonstrated to substantially improve physical and mental health (Naci & Ioannidis, 2013; Schuch et al., 2016), a wealth of physical activity promoting interventions have been developed and evaluated (Kahn et al., 2002; Prince et al., 2014). Physical Activity Counselling (PAC) is one of these and has been shown effective in increasing physical activity motivation and behaviour (Fortier et al., 2011). However, the active ingredients of PAC have never been reported in detail, thus limiting our potential for understanding its effectiveness and to allow for its replication. Recently, taxonomies have been published for characterizing behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and Motivational Interviewing (MI) techniques in interventions (Hardcastle et al., 2017; Michie et al., 2013). Due to its novelty, no studies to date have used the MI technique taxonomy to report interventions. Purpose: To investigate the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and Motivational Interviewing (MI) techniques applied in PAC sessions delivered by student-counsellors. Methods: PAC 1 and PAC 2 sessions delivered by 11 student-counsellors were double coded for identification of BCTs and MI techniques, for a total of 22 video recorded sessions. Two trained coders rated the presence of BCTs and MI techniques using the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v1 (BCTTv1) and the table of MI techniques. Inter coder agreement was assessed using Cohen’s kappa and the prevalence- and bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) statistic. Results: Overall, 29 BCTs (on 93) and 27 MI techniques (on 38) were reliably coded across the sampled PAC sessions (Cohen’s k =.81, PABAK=.91). Popular BCTs included 3.1 Social support (unspecified), 1.1 Goal setting (behaviour), 1.4 Action planning, whereas OARS skills (i.e., open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective and summary statements) and 24. Emphasize autonomy were the predominating MI techniques. On average, 5.7 BCTs and 9.5 MI techniques were recorded per session. Conclusions: Findings of this study provide a first detailed report of a PAC intervention and have important implications for PAC training and replication. Future research in this area specifically looking at the quality of application of the techniques and the influence of use and quality on physical activity behaviour over time is recommended.
Optimization of Nanocomposite Membrane for Membrane Distillation
Creators: name: Murugesan, Viyash
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Vacuum Membrane Distillation (VMD)
Polymer
Desalination
Titanium di Oxide
Flux
Nanocomposite Membrane Structure
Cross Flow VMD

description: In this study, effects of nanoparticles, including 7 nm TiO2, 200 nm TiO2, and hydrophilic and hydrophobic SiO2 with mean diameter in the range of 15–20 nm and their concentration on the membrane properties and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) performance were evaluated. The effect of membrane thickness and support materials were also investigated. The membranes were characterised extensively in terms of morphology (SEM), water contact angle, water liquid entrance pressure (LEPw), surface roughness, and pore size. While the best nanocomposite membranes with 200 nm TiO2 Nanoparticles(NPs) were obtained at 2% particle concentration, the optimal particle concentration was 5% when 7 nm TiO2 was integrated. Using nanocomposite membrane containing 2 wt% TiO2 – 200 nm nanoparticles, VMD flux of 2.1 kg/m2h and LEPw of 34 PSI was obtained with 99% salt rejection. Furthermore, it was observed that decreasing the membrane thickness would increase the portion of finger-like layer in membrane and reduce the spongy-like layer when hydrophilic nanoparticles were used. Using continuous flow VMD, a flux of 3.1 kg/m2h was obtained with neat PVDF membranes, which was 600% higher than the flux obtained by the static flow VMD with the same membrane at the same temperature and vacuum pressure. The fluxes of both static and flow-cell VMD increased with temperature. Furthermore, it was evident that the continuous flow VMD at 2 LPM yielded 300% or higher flux than static VMD at any given temperature, indicating strong effects of turbulence provided in the flow-cell VMD.