cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Interacting CFTs for all couplings: Thermal versus Entanglement Entropy at Large $N$
Creators: name: Grable, Seth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, I calculate the large $N$ limit of marginal $O(N)$ models with non-polynomial potentials in arbitrary odd dimensions $d$. This results in a new class of interacting pure conformal field theories (CFTs) in $d=3+4n$ for any $n \in \mathbb{Z}_+$. Similarly, in $d=3+4n$ I calculate the thermal entropy for all couplings on $R^{2+4n} \times S^1$ for $n=0,1,2,3$. In 2+1 dimensions I find the strong-to-weak coupling ratio of the thermal entropy to be 4/5, matching recent results, and further extend this analysis to higher odd dimensions. Next, I calculated the vacuum entanglement entropy $s^d_{\text{EE}}$ on $S^{d-2}$ for all couplings in arbitrary odd $d$ in the large N limit. I find the vacuum entanglement entropy on $S^{d-2}$ to be not only solvable but also constant for all couplings $λ$. Thus, in the large $N$ limit, the vacuum entanglement entropy on $S^{d-2}$ for odd $d$ is constant for all $λ$, in contrast to the thermal entropy which is shown to also be monotonically decreasing with $λ$ in $d=3+4n$.
description: Entanglement Entropy, Conformal Field Theory, Fractional Interactions
A first-principles investigation of the linear thermal expansion coefficients of BeF$_2$: Giant thermal expansion
Creators: name: Gan, Chee Kwan
name: Al-Sharif, Abdullah I.
name: Al-Shorman, Ammar
name: Qteish, Abdallah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a theoretical investigation of the linear thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) of BeF$_2$, within a direct Gruneisen formalism where symmetry-preserving deformations are employed. The required physical quantities such as the optimized crystal structures, elastic constants, mode Gruneisen parameters, and phonon density of states are calculated from first-principles. BeF$_2$ shows an extensive polymorphism at low pressures, and the lowest energy phases [$α$-cristobalite with space group (SG) P$4_1 2_1 2$ and its similar phase with SG P$4_3 2_1 2$] are considered in addition to the experimentally observed $α$-quartz phase. For benchmarking purposes, similar calculations are performed for the rutile phase of ZnF$_2$, where the volumetric TEC ($α_v$), derived from the calculated linear TECs along the $a$ ($α_a$) and $c$ ($α_c$) directions, is in very good agreement with experimental data and previous theoretical results. For the considered phases of BeF$_2$, we do not find any negative thermal expansion (NTE). However we observe diverse thermal properties for the distinct phases. The linear TECs are very large, especially $α_c$ of the $α$-cristobalite phase and its similar phase, leading to giant $α_v$ ($\sim 175 \times 10^{-6} {\rm K}^{-1}$ at 300 K). The giant $α_v$ arises from large Gruneisen parameters of low-frequency phonon modes, and the C13 elastic constant that is negatively signed and large in magnitude for the $α$-cristobalite phase. The elastic constants, high-frequency dielectric constants, Born effective charge tensors, and thermal properties of the above phases of BeF$_2$ are reported for the first time and hence serve as predictions.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
IGF-1 and bone: New discoveries from mouse models
Creators: name: Courtland, Hayden-William
name: Clemmons, David
name: Yakar, Shoshana
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays a central role in cellular growth, differentiation, survival, and cell cycle progression. It is expressed early during development and its effects are mediated through binding to a tyrosine kinase receptor, the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R). In the circulation, the IGFs bind to IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), which determine their bioavailability and regulate the interaction between the IGFs and IGF-1R. Studies in animal models and in humans have established critical roles for IGFs in skeletal growth and development. In this review we present new and old findings from mouse models of the IGF system and discuss their clinical relevance to normal and pathological skeletal physiology. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Well-balanced adaptive compact approximate Taylor methods for systems of balance laws
Creators: name: Carrillo, H.
name: Macca, E.
name: Pares, C.
name: Russo, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Compact Approximate Taylor (CAT) methods for systems of conservation laws were introduced by Carrillo and Pares in 2019. These methods, based on a strategy that allows one to extend high-order Lax-Wendroff methods to nonlinear systems without using the Cauchy-Kovalevskaya procedure, have arbitrary even order of accuracy 2p and use (2p + 1)-point stencils, where p is an arbitrary positive integer. More recently in 2021 Carrillo, Macca, Pares, Russo and Zorio introduced a strategy to get rid of the spurious oscillations close to discontinuities produced by CAT methods. This strategy led to the so-called Adaptive CAT (ACAT) methods, in which the order of accuracy, and thus the width of the stencils, is adapted to the local smoothness of the solution. The goal of this paper is to extend CAT and ACAT methods to systems of balance laws. To do this, the source term is written as the derivative of its indefinite integral that is formally treated as a flux function. The well-balanced property of the methods is discussed and a variant that allows in principle to preserve any stationary solution is presented. The resulting methods are then applied to a number of systems going from a linear scalar conservation law to the 2D Euler equations with gravity, passing by the Burgers equations with source term and the 1D shallow water equations: the order and well-balanced properties are checked in several numerical tests.
Temperature dependence of lower critical field Hc1(T) shows nodeless superconductivity in FeSe
Creators: name: Abdel-Hafiez, M.
name: Ge, J.
name: Vasiliev, A. N.
name: Chareev, D. A.
name: Van de Vondel, J.
name: Moshchalkov, V. V.
name: Silhanek, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the temperature dependence of the lower critical field Hc1(T) of a high-quality FeSe single crystal under static magnetic fields H parallel to the c axis. The temperature dependence of the first vortex penetration field has been experimentally obtained by two independent methods and the corresponding Hc1(T) was deduced by taking into account demagnetization factors. A pronounced change in the Hc1(T) curvature is observed, which is attributed to anisotopic s-wave or multiband superconductivity. The London penetration depth λab(T) calculated from the lower critical field does not follow an exponential behavior at low temperatures, as it would be expected for a fully gapped clean s-wave superconductor. Using either a two-band model with s-wave-like gaps of magnitudes ?delta 1 = 0.41 meV and delta ?2 = 3.33 meV or a single anisotropic s-wave order parameter, the temperature dependence of the lower critical field Hc1(T) can be well described. These observations clearly show that the superconducting energy gap in FeSe is nodeless.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Transcriptome of Syntrichia caninervis Mitt. under cold stress
Creators: name: 白文婉
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2023
Subjects: Transcriptome or Gene expression
Monoisolate

description: Transcriptome sequencing during different time points under 4 degree or -4 degree of Syntrichia caninervis Mitt. from Gurbantonggute desert, Xinjiang
Imaging based on Compton scattering: model-uncertainty and data-driven reconstruction methods
Creators: name: Gödeke, Janek
name: Rigaud, Gaël
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The recent development of scintillation crystals combined with $γ$-rays sources opens the way to an imaging concept based on Compton scattering, namely Compton scattering tomography (CST). The associated inverse problem rises many challenges: non-linearity, multiple order-scattering and high level of noise. Already studied in the literature, these challenges lead unavoidably to uncertainty of the forward model. This work proposes to study exact and approximated forward models and develops two data-driven reconstruction algorithms able to tackle the inexactness of the forward model. The first one is based on the projective method called regularized sequential subspace optimization (RESESOP). We consider here a finite dimensional restriction of the semi-discrete forward model and show its well-posedness and regularisation properties. The second one considers the unsupervised learning method, deep image prior (DIP), inspired by the construction of the model uncertainty in RESESOP. The methods are validated on Monte-Carlo data.
The ocean fine spray
Creators: name: Ganan-Calvo, Alfonso M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A major fraction of the atmospheric aerosols come from the ocean spray originated by the bursting of bubbles from breaking waves. A theoretical framework that incorporates the latest knowledge on film and jet droplets from bubble bursting is proposed. Assuming that their relics constitute the ultimate origin of primary and secondary sea aerosols through a diversity of physicochemical routes, the model can be reduced to a single controlling parameter to predict the global probability density distribution (pdf) of the ocean spray. The bursting and collapse of small bubbles on the sea surface from about 10 to 100 microns produces an extreme energy focusing and the ejection of a rapid liquid spout whose size reaches the free molecular regime of the gaseous environment. In these rarefied conditions, simulations show that this spout yields a jet of sub-micrometer and nanometric scale droplets whose number and speed can be far beyond any previous estimation, overcoming by orders of magnitude alternative mechanisms recently proposed. The one-parameter model fits remarkably well published experimental measurements along five orders of magnitude of spray size, from about 5 nm to about 0.5 mm. According to this proposal, the majority of aerosols determining the life on our planet would have their extremely elusive birth in the uterus-like nano-shape of small bursting bubbles on the ocean surface at the very latest instants of collapse.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures
Charged black holes from T-duality
Creators: name: Gaete, Patricio
name: Jusufi, Kimet
name: Nicolini, Piero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present a family of regular black hole solutions in the presence of charge and angular momentum. We also discuss the related thermodynamics and we comment about the black hole life cycle during the balding and spin down phases. Interestingly the static solution resembles the Ayón-Beato--García spacetime, provided the T-duality scale is redefined in terms of the electric charge, $l_0\to Q$. The key factor at the basis of our derivation is the employment of Padmanabhan's propagator to calculate static potentials. Such a propagator encodes string T-duality effects. This means that the regularity of the spacetimes here presented can open a new window on string theory phenomenology.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures; v2 version matching that in press on PLB
The twisted baker map
Creators: name: Saiki, Yoshitaka
name: Takahasi, Hiroki
name: Yorke, James A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a model to provide a hands-on, elementary understanding of "vortex dynamics", we introduce a piecewise linear non-invertible map called a twisted baker map. We show that the set of hyperbolic repelling periodic points with complex conjugate eigenvalues and that without complex conjugate eigenvalues are simultaneously dense in the phase space. We also show that these two sets equidistribute with respect to the normalized Lebesgue measure, in spite of a non-uniformity in their Lyapunov exponents.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
The relationship between fractures and DXA measures of BMD in the distal femur of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy
Creators: name: Grossberg, Richard I
name: Harcke, H Theodore
name: Plotkin, Horacio
name: Szalay, Elizabeth
name: Johnson, Julie
name: May, Ryan
name: Stevenson, Richard D
name: Zemel, Babette S
name: Berglund, Lisa M
name: Kecskemethy, Heidi H
name: Wong, Brenda
name: Henderson, Richard C
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Children with limited or no ability to ambulate frequently sustain fragility fractures. Joint contractures, scoliosis, hip dysplasia, and metallic implants often prevent reliable measures of bone mineral density (BMD) in the proximal femur and lumbar spine, where BMD is commonly measured. Further, the relevance of lumbar spine BMD to fracture risk in this population is questionable. In an effort to obtain bone density measures that are both technically feasible and clinically relevant, a technique was developed involving dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measures of the distal femur projected in the lateral plane. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that these new measures of BMD correlate with fractures in children with limited or no ability to ambulate. The relationship between distal femur BMD Z-scores and fracture history was assessed in a cross-sectional study of 619 children aged 6 to 18 years with muscular dystrophy or moderate to severe cerebral palsy compiled from eight centers. There was a strong correlation between fracture history and BMD Z-scores in the distal femur; 35% to 42% of those with BMD Z-scores less than −5 had fractured compared with 13% to 15% of those with BMD Z-scores greater than −1. Risk ratios were 1.06 to 1.15 (95% confidence interval 1.04–1.22), meaning a 6% to 15% increased risk of fracture with each 1.0 decrease in BMD Z-score. In clinical practice, DXA measure of BMD in the distal femur is the technique of choice for the assessment of children with impaired mobility. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Multi-Tracer Groundwater Dating in Southern Oman using Bayesian Modelling
Creators: name: Rädle, Viola
name: Kersting, Arne
name: Schmidt, Maximilian
name: Ringena, Lisa
name: Robertz, Julian
name: Aeschbach, Werner
name: Oberthaler, Markus
name: Müller, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the scope of assessing aquifer systems in areas where freshwater is scarce, estimation of transit times is a vital step to quantify the effect of groundwater abstraction. Transit time distributions of different shapes, mean residence times, and contributions are used to represent the hydrogeological conditions in aquifer systems and are typically inferred from measured tracer concentrations by inverse modeling. In this study, a multi-tracer sampling campaign was conducted in the Salalah Plain in Southern Oman including CFCs, SF6, 39Ar, 14C, and 4He. Based on the data of three tracers, a two-component Dispersion Model (DMmix) and a nonparametric model with six age bins were assumed and evaluated using Bayesian statistics. In a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach, the maximum likelihood parameter estimates and their uncertainties were determined. Model performance was assessed using Bayes factor and leave-one-out cross-validation. Both models suggest that the groundwater in the Salalah Plain is composed of a very young component below 30 yr and a very old component beyond 1,000 yr, with the nonparametric model performing slightly better than the DMmix model. All wells except one exhibit reasonable goodness of fit. Our results support the relevance of Bayesian modeling in hydrology and the potential of nonparametric models for an adequate representation of aquifer dynamics.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
An essential role for the association of CD47 to SHPS-1 in skeletal remodeling
Creators: name: Clemmons, David R
name: Rosen, Clifford J
name: DeMambro, Victoria E
name: Aday, Ariel W
name: Maile, Laura A
name: Beamer, Wesley G
name: Capps, Byron E
name: Wai, Christine
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Integrin associated protein (IAP/CD47) has been implicated in macrophage-macrophage fusion. To understand the actions of CD47 on skeletal remodeling, we compared Cd47−/− with Cd47+/+ controls. Cd47−/− mice weighed less and had decreased areal bone mineral density compared to controls. Cd47−/− femurs were shorter in length with thinner cortices and exhibited lower trabecular bone volume due to decreased trabecular number and thickness. Histomorphometry revealed reduced bone formation and mineral apposition rates, accompanied by decreased osteoblast numbers. No differences in osteoclast number were observed despite a non-significant, but 40% decrease, in eroded surface/bone surface in Cd47−/− mice. In vitro the number of functional osteoclasts formed by differentiating Cd47−/− bone marrow cells was significantly decreased compared to wild-type cultures and was associated with a decrease in bone resorption capacity. Furthermore, by disrupting the CD47-SHPS-1 association we found that osteoclastogenesis was markedly impaired. Assays for markers of osteoclast maturation suggested the defect was at the point of fusion and not differentiation, and was associated with a lack of SHPS-1 phosphorylation, SHP-1 phosphatase recruitment and subsequent dephosphorylation of non-muscle cell myosin IIA. We also demonstrated a significant decrease in osteoblastogenesis in bone marrow stromal cells derived from Cd47−/− mice. Our finding of cell autonomous defects in Cd47−/− osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation coupled with the pronounced skeletal phenotype of Cd47−/− mice support the conclusion that CD47 plays an important role in regulating skeletal acquisition and maintenance through its actions on both bone formation and resorption.
Probable cluster decays from $^{270-318}$118 superheavy nuclei
Creators: name: Santhosh, K. P.
name: Priyanka, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cluster decay process in $^{270-318}$118 superheavy nuclei has been studied extensively within the Coulomb and proximity potential model (CPPM), thereby investigating the probable cluster decays from the various isotopes of $Z = 118$. On comparing the predicted decay half lives with the values evaluated using the Universal formula for cluster decay (UNIV) of Poenaru et al., the Universal Decay Law (UDL) of Qi et al., and the Scaling Law of Horoi et al., it was seen that, our values matches well with these theoretical values. A comparison of the predicted alpha decay half life of the experimentally synthesized superheavy isotope $^{294}$118 with its corresponding experimental value shows that, our theoretical value is in good agreement with the experimental value. The plots for $log_{10}(T_{1/2})$ against the neutron number of the daughter in the corresponding decay reveals the behavior of the cluster half lives with the neutron number of the daughter nuclei and for most of the decays, the half life was found to be the minimum for the decay leading to a daughter with $N = 184$. Most of the predicted half lives are well within the present experimental upper limit ($10^{30}$s) and lower limit ($10^{-6}$s) for measurements and hence these predictions may be of great use for further experimental investigation on cluster decay in the superheavy region.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1311.2790
Spin and dynamics in relativistic quantum theories
Creators: name: Polyzou, W. N.
name: Glöckle, W.
name: Witała, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of relativity and dynamics in defining the spin and orbital angular momentum content of hadronic systems is discussed.
description: 7 pages, proceedings for Light Cone 2014, Raleigh, NC
Magnetic hourglass fermions: from exhaustive symmetry conditions to high-throughput materials predictions
Creators: name: Hu, Yating
name: Wan, Xiangang
name: Tang, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many topological band crossings (BCs) have been predicted efficiently utilizing the symmetry properties of wave-functions at high-symmetry points. Among various BCs, the so-called hourglass BCs (with the low-energy excitations dubbed as hourglass fermions) are fascinating since they can be guaranteed to exist under specific symmetry conditions even without realistic calculations. Such novel property renders the theoretical prediction on magnetic topological metals with hourglass BC (being Weyl point, Dirac point, lying in nodal loop, and so on) independent on the calculation methods and only determined by the symmetry of crystal and magnetic structure, namely, the magnetic space group (MSG). To date, there have no magnetic material verified with hourglass fermions. Here we first list all symmetry conditions that allow hourglass BCs in the 1651 MSGs and 528 magnetic layer groups (MLGs) with spin-orbital coupling (SOC): Only 331 MSGs and 53 MLGs can host hourglass BCs. Among these results, the essential hourglass BCs are highlighted, whose MSGs are then applied to predict hundreds of magnetic materials from the MAGNDATA magnetic materials database and first-principles calculations in the frame of LDA+SOC+U verify the hourglass BCs for different values of $U$. We take CsMn$_2$F$_6$, synthesized recently with a distorted pyrochlore structure to illustrate the hourglass band structure in detail which is very clear around the Fermi level and the topologically protected surface drumhead states of (100) surface are found to spread over more than one half surface Brillouin zone and only appear in a narrow energy window ($\sim 30$ meV), which could induce intriguing stability by prominent electronic correlation.
description: We provide Movie, Supplementary Material I and II mentioned in the maintext in "Ancillary files": Movie.mp4 demonstrates energy contours for the (100)-surface states of the magnetic hourglass material CsMn2F6. Supplementary_Material_I.pdf contains all results of symmetry conditions for all magnetic space and layer groups. Supplementary_Material_II.pdf contains results of materials investigations
The Loschmidt Spectral Form Factor
Creators: name: Winer, Michael
name: Swingle, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Spectral Form Factor (SFF) measures the fluctuations in the density of states of a Hamiltonian. We consider a generalization of the SFF called the Loschmidt Spectral Form Factor, $\textrm{tr}[e^{iH_1T}]\textrm{tr} [e^{-iH_2T}]$, for $H_1-H_2$ small. If the ensemble average of the SFF is the variance of the density fluctuations for a single Hamiltonian drawn from the ensemble, the averaged Loschmidt SFF is the covariance for two Hamiltonians drawn from a correlated ensemble. This object is a time-domain version of the parametric correlations studied in the quantum chaos and random matrix literatures. We show analytically that the averaged Loschmidt SFF is proportional to $e^{iλT}T$ for a complex rate $λ$ with a positive imaginary part, showing in a quantitative way that the long-time details of the spectrum are exponentially more sensitive to perturbations than the short-time properties. We calculate $λ$ in a number of cases, including random matrix theory, theories with a single localized defect, and hydrodynamic theories.
description: 16 pages, comments welcome
4D dS vacua from AdS vacua of type IIB string theory and AdS distance conjecture
Creators: name: Nam, Cao H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order for string theory to be made compatible with the low-energy observations of a positive cosmological constant, there have been attempts to construct dS vacua in string theory which are particularly difficult to realize. Instead of attempting to find de Sitter (dS) vacuum solutions, we point to a new way to make string theory consistent with low-energy dS cosmology. In this way, string theory lives in an anti-de Sitter (AdS) vacuum (which is simple to construct) that exists only in the high-energy regime; however, as going to the low-energy scales where the heavy string excitations and Kaluza-Klein modes are integrated out, we show that the effective picture of string theory in lower dimensions would exhibit a 4D dS vacuum without needing to add additional structures such as anti-D3 branes. Additionally, we point to evidence from bottom-up physics for the strong version of the AdS distance conjecture realized from AdS vacua in string theory. This evidence hence supports the sharpening of the AdS distance conjecture as one of the universal features of quantum gravity.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, 4 appendixes. Sec 2 and 3 of v1 are extended into three new sections in v2, typos corrected, references added, Appendixes B and C added. Accepted for publication as a Letter in PRD
Axiogenesis with a Heavy QCD Axion
Creators: name: Co, Raymond T.
name: Gherghetta, Tony
name: Harigaya, Keisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the observed cosmological excess of matter over antimatter may originate from a heavy QCD axion that solves the strong CP problem but has a mass much larger than that given by the Standard Model QCD strong dynamics. We investigate a rotation of the heavy QCD axion in field space, which is transferred into a baryon asymmetry through weak and strong sphaleron processes. This provides a strong cosmological motivation for heavy QCD axions, which are of high experimental interest. The viable parameter space has an axion mass $m_a$ between 1~MeV and 10 GeV and a decay constant $f_a < 10^5$ GeV, which can be probed by accelerator-based direct axion searches and observations of the cosmic microwave background.
description: 37 pages, 6 figures
Epidermal growth factor receptor plays an anabolic role in bone metabolism in vivo
Creators: name: Threadgill, David W
name: Kream, Barbara E
name: Lee, Tang-Cheng
name: Zhang, Xianrong
name: Chen, Haiyan
name: Lu, Xin
name: Partridge, Nicola C
name: Tian, Xiaoyan
name: Zhu, Ji
name: Kang, Yibin
name: Qin, Ling
name: Tamasi, Joseph
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: While the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–mediated signaling pathway has been shown to have vital roles in many developmental and pathologic processes, its functions in the development and homeostasis of the skeletal system has been poorly defined. To address its in vivo role, we constructed transgenic and pharmacologic mouse models and used peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), micro–computed tomography (µCT) and histomorphometry to analyze their trabecular and cortical bone phenotypes. We initially deleted the EGFR in preosteoblasts/osteoblasts using a Cre/loxP system (Col-Cre Egfrf/f), but no bone phenotype was observed because of incomplete deletion of the Egfr genomic locus. To further reduce the remaining osteoblastic EGFR activity, we introduced an EGFR dominant-negative allele, Wa5, and generated Col-Cre EgfrWa5/f mice. At 3 and 7 months of age, both male and female mice exhibited a remarkable decrease in tibial trabecular bone mass with abnormalities in trabecular number and thickness. Histologic analyses revealed decreases in osteoblast number and mineralization activity and an increase in osteoclast number. Significant increases in trabecular pattern factor and structural model index indicate that trabecular microarchitecture was altered. The femurs of these mice were shorter and smaller with reduced cortical area and periosteal perimeter. Moreover, colony-forming unit–fibroblast (CFU-F) assay indicates that these mice had fewer bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and committed progenitors. Similarly, administration of an EGFR inhibitor into wild-type mice caused a significant reduction in trabecular bone volume. In contrast, EgfrDsk5/+ mice with a constitutively active EGFR allele displayed increases in trabecular and cortical bone content. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the EGFR signaling pathway is an important bone regulator and that it primarily plays an anabolic role in bone metabolism. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
On variants of Conway and Conolly's Meta-Fibonacci recursions
Creators: name: Isgur, Abraham
name: Rahman, Mustazee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B27 (Primary), 11B39 (Secondary)

description: We study the recursions $A(n) = A(n-a-A^k(n-b)) + A(A^k(n-b))$ where $a \geq 0$, $b \geq 1$ are integers and the superscript $k$ denotes a $k$-fold composition, and also the recursion $C(n) = C(n-s-C(n-1)) + C(n-s-2-C(n-3))$ where $s \geq 0$ is an integer. We prove that under suitable initial conditions the sequences $A(n)$ and $C(n)$ will be defined for all positive integers, and be monotonic with their forward difference sequences consisting only of 0 and 1. We also show that the sequence generated by the recursion for $A(n)$ with parameters $(k,a,b) = (k,0,1)$, and initial conditions $A(1) = A(2) = 1$, satisfies $A(E_n) = E_{n-1}$ where $E_n$ is defined by $E_n = E_{n-1} + E_{n-k}$ with $E_n = 1$ for $1 \leq n \leq k$.
description: 10 pages
title: Leading Disability Research and Workforce Development: A Western Sydney Collaboration
Creators: name: Tracey, Danielle
name: Mills, Caroline
name: Mogensen, Lise Ludwig
name: Avery, Scott
name: Bye, Rosalind
name: Cooper, Harrison
name: Fava, Grace
name: Gillespie, Angela
name: Hastas, Christopher
name: Johnston, Christine
name: Mach, Kitty
name: Nketsia, William
name: Scobie, Jeff
name: Staples, Kerry
name: Turner, George
name: Wilson, Nathan
Publisher: name: Western Sydney University
Year: 2023

description: In this White Paper we draw attention to the potential of excellence in research and workforce development as a means, in part, to foster greater inclusion and participation for people with disability. We present a critique of the current limitations in research and workforce development and highlight the urgency to address such shortcomings to realise inclusion within our communities. We demonstrate that Western Sydney University is well positioned as a leading institution to address many of these concerns. This White paper showcases the innovative work of our team, and calls for seven key actions, to advance inclusion and participation for people and communities in Greater Western Sydney, Australia, and beyond.
Investigating the correlations between IceCube high-energy neutrinos and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray observations
Creators: name: Li, Rong-Lan
name: Zhu, Ben-Yang
name: Liang, Yun-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use 10 years of publicly available IceCube data to investigate the correlations between high-energy neutrinos and various Fermi-LAT gamma-ray samples. This work considers the following gamma-ray samples: the third Fermi-LAT catalog of high-energy sources(3FHL), >100GeV Fermi-LAT events, LAT 12-year source catalog(4FGL), the fourth catalog of active galactic nuclei(4LAC) and subsets of these samples. For each sample, both a single-source analysis and a stacking analysis are performed. We find no indication that the sources in these samples produce significant high-energy neutrinos. From the null search results, we infer that each source population can produce no more than ~2.5%-36%(at the 95% confidence level, for a spectral index of -2.5) of the IceCube's diffuse neutrino flux. Since we are using a larger (10years) dataset of IceCube neutrinos the constraints are improved by a factor of ~2 compared to those based on 3 years of data.
description: 14pages,7figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Leak Detection in Natural Gas Pipeline Using Machine Learning Models
Creators: name: Oshingbesan, Adebayo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Leak detection in gas pipelines is an important and persistent problem in the Oil and Gas industry. This is particularly important as pipelines are the most common way of transporting natural gas. This research aims to study the ability of data-driven intelligent models to detect small leaks for a natural gas pipeline using basic operational parameters and then compare the intelligent models among themselves using existing performance metrics. This project applies the observer design technique to detect leaks in natural gas pipelines using a regressoclassification hierarchical model where an intelligent model acts as a regressor and a modified logistic regression model acts as a classifier. Five intelligent models (gradient boosting, decision trees, random forest, support vector machine and artificial neural network) are studied in this project using a pipeline data stream of four weeks. The results shows that while support vector machine and artificial neural networks are better regressors than the others, they do not provide the best results in leak detection due to their internal complexities and the volume of data used. The random forest and decision tree models are the most sensitive as they can detect a leak of 0.1% of nominal flow in about 2 hours. All the intelligent models had high reliability with zero false alarm rate in testing phase. The average time to leak detection for all the intelligent models was compared to a real time transient model in literature. The results show that intelligent models perform relatively well in the problem of leak detection. This result suggests that intelligent models could be used alongside a real time transient model to significantly improve leak detection results.
Graphene vertical hot-electron terahertz detectors
Creators: name: Ryzhii, V.
name: Satou, A.
name: Otsuji, T.
name: Ryzhii, M.
name: Mitin, V.
name: Shur, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and analyze the concept of the vertical hot-electron terahertz (THz) graphene-layer detectors (GLDs) based on the double-GL and multiple-GL structures with the barrier layers made of materials with a moderate conduction band off-set (such as tungsten disulfide and related materials). The operation of these detectors is enabled by the thermionic emissions from the GLs enhanced by the electrons heated by incoming THz radiation. The electron heating is primarily associated with the intraband absorption (the Drude absorption). We calculate the responsivity and detectivity as functions of the photon energy, GL doping, and the applied voltage for the GL detectors (GLDs) with different number of GLs. The detectors based on the cascade multiple-GL structures can exhibit a substantial photoelectric gain resulting in the elevated responsivity and detectivity. The advantages of the THz detectors under consideration are associated with their high sensitivity to the normal incident radiation and efficient operation at room temperature at the low end of the THz frequency range. Such GLDs with a metal grating, supporting the excitation of plasma oscillations in the GL-structures by the incident THz radiation, can exhibit a strong resonant response at the frequencies of several THz (in the range, where the operation of the conventional detectors based on A$_3$B$_5$ materials, in particular THz quantum-well detectors, is hindered due to a strong optical phonon radiation absorption in such materials).
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Innovations in Integrating Machine Learning and Agent-Based Modeling of Biomedical Systems
Creators: name: Sivakumar, Nikita
name: Mura, Cameron
name: Peirce, Shayn M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a well-established paradigm for simulating complex systems via interactions between constituent entities. Machine learning (ML) refers to approaches whereby statistical algorithms 'learn' from data on their own, without imposing a priori theories of system behavior. Biological systems -- from molecules, to cells, to entire organisms -- consist of vast numbers of entities, governed by complex webs of interactions that span many spatiotemporal scales and exhibit nonlinearity, stochasticity and intricate coupling between entities. The macroscopic properties and collective dynamics of such systems are difficult to capture via continuum modelling and mean-field formalisms. ABM takes a 'bottom-up' approach that obviates these difficulties by enabling one to easily propose and test a set of well-defined 'rules' to be applied to the individual entities (agents) in a system. Evaluating a system and propagating its state over discrete time-steps effectively simulates the system, allowing observables to be computed and system properties to be analyzed. Because the rules that govern an ABM can be difficult to abstract and formulate from experimental data, there is an opportunity to use ML to help infer optimal, system-specific ABM rules. Once such rule-sets are devised, ABM calculations can generate a wealth of data, and ML can be applied there too -- e.g., to probe statistical measures that meaningfully describe a system's stochastic properties. As an example of synergy in the other direction (from ABM to ML), ABM simulations can generate realistic datasets for training ML algorithms (e.g., for regularization, to mitigate overfitting). In these ways, one can envision various synergistic ABM$\rightleftharpoons$ML loops. This review summarizes how ABM and ML have been integrated in contexts that span spatiotemporal scales, from cellular to population-level epidemiology.
description: 32 pages, 1 table, 8 figures
OMEGA: OSIRIS Mapping of Emission-Line Galaxies in A901/2
Creators: name: Del Pino, Bruno Rodriguez
name: Chies-Santos, Ana L.
name: Aragon-Salamanca, Alfonso
name: Bamford, Steven P.
name: Gray, Meghan E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work presents the first results from an ESO Large Programme carried out using the OSIRIS instrument on the 10m GTC telescope (La Palma). We have observed a large sample of galaxies in the region of the Abell 901/902 system (z ~ 0.165) which has been extensively studied as part of the STAGES project. We have obtained spectrally and spatially resolved H-alpha and [NII] emission maps for a very large sample of galaxies covering a broad range of environments. The new data are combined with extensive multi-wavelength observations which include HST, COMBO-17, Spitzer, Galex and XMM imaging to study star formation and AGN activity as a function of environment and galaxy properties such as luminosity, mass and morphology. The ultimate goal is to understand, in detail, the effect of the environment on star formation and AGN activity.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, B. Rodriguez Del Pino et al. 2014, in IAU Symp. 309, "Galaxy in 3D across the Universe", B. L. Ziegler, F. Combes, H. Dannerbauer, M. Verdugo, Eds. (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press), in press
On absolutely profinitely solitary lattices in higher rank Lie groups
Creators: name: Kammeyer, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E40, 20E18

description: We establish conditions under which lattices in certain simple Lie groups are profinitely solitary in the absolute sense, so that the commensurability class of the profinite completion determines the commensurability class of the group among finitely generated residually finite groups. While cocompact lattices are typically not absolutely solitary, we show that noncocompact lattices in $\operatorname{Sp}(n,\mathbb{R})$, $G_{2(2)}$, $E_8(\mathbb{C})$, $F_4(\mathbb{C})$, and $G_2(\mathbb{C})$ are absolutely solitary if a well-known conjecture on Grothendieck rigidity is true.
description: 11 pages
Identification of quantitative trait loci influencing skeletal architecture in mice: Emergence of Cdh11 as a primary candidate gene regulating femoral morphology
Creators: name: Garland, Theodore
name: de Villena, Fernando Pardo-Manuel
name: Yu, Daniel
name: Nehrenberg, Derrick L
name: Kelly, Scott A
name: Buus, Ryan J
name: Hua, Kunjie
name: Farber, Charles R
name: Pomp, Daniel
name: Baruch, Ethan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Bone strength is influenced by many properties intrinsic to bone, including its mass, geometry, and mineralization. To further advance our understanding of the genetic basis of bone strength-related traits, we utilized a large (N=815), moderately (G4) advanced intercross line (AIL) of mice derived from a high-runner selection line (HR) and the C57BL/6J inbred strain. In total, 16 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified that affected areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and femoral length and width. Four significant (P<0.05) and one suggestive (P<0.10) QTL were identified for three aBMD measurements: total body, vertebral and femoral. A QTL on Chromosome (Chr.) 3 influenced all three aBMD measures, while the other four QTL were unique to a single measure. A total of 10 significant and one suggestive QTL were identified for femoral length (FL) and two measures of femoral width, anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML). FL QTL were distinct from loci affecting AP and ML width, and of the seven AP QTL, only three affected ML. A QTL on Chr. 8 that explained 7.1% and 4.0% of the variance in AP and ML, respectively, was mapped to a six megabase (Mb) region harboring 12 protein-coding genes. The pattern of haplotype diversity across the QTL region and expression profiles of QTL genes, suggested that of the 12, cadherin 11 (Cdh11) was most likely the causal gene. These findings, when combined with existing data from gene knockouts, identify Cdh11 as a strong candidate gene within which genetic variation may affect bone morphology.
Superradiant instability of dyonic Reissner-Nordstrom black holes
Creators: name: Myung, Yun Soo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the superradiant instability of dyonic Reissner-Nordström (dRN) black holes with two charges under a charged massive scalar perturbation. Two conditions for possessing a trapping well are obtained from analyzing asymptotic scalar potential and far-region wave functions. It is clear that the superradiant instability is not allowed in the dRN black holes because the conditions for a trapping well are not compatible with the superradiance condition.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures, version to appear in EPJC
Erratum: Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 is required for osteoclast differentiation
Creators: name: Clemmons, David
name: Wai, Christine
name: Maile, Laura
name: Rosen, Clifford J
name: Kawai, Masanobu
name: DeMambro, Victoria E
name: Cascella, Teresa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Global deletion of the Igfbp2 gene results in the suppression of bone turnover. To investigate the role of IGFBP-2 in regulating osteoclast differentiation we cultured Igfbp2−/− bone marrow cells and found a reduction in the number of osteoclasts and impaired resorption. Addition of full length IGFBP-2 restored osteoclast differentiation, fusion and resorption. To determine the molecular domains of IGFBP-2 that were required for this effect to be manifest, Igfbp2−/− bone marrow cells mice were transfected with constructs in which the heparin binding (HBD) or the IGF- binding domains of IGFBP-2 were mutated. We found that both domains were necessary for osteoclastogenesis since expression of the mutated forms of either domain failed to support the formation of functionally mature osteoclasts. To discern the mechanism by which IGFBP-2 regulates osteoclast formation, PTEN abundance and phosphorylation status as well as AKT responsiveness to IGF-I were analyzed. Igfbp2−/− cells had elevated levels of PTEN and phospho-PTEN compared with controls. Expression of wild-type IGFBP-2 reduced the level of PTEN to that of wild-type cells. Cells expressing the IGF binding mutant showed suppression of PTEN and phospho-PTEN equivalent to the wild type protein, whereas those expressing the IGFBP-2 HBD mutant showed no PTEN suppression. When the ability of IGF-I to stimulate AKT activation, measured by Thr308 and Ser473 phosphorylation, was analyzed, stimulation of Ser473 in response to IGF-I in pre-osteoclasts required the presence of intact IGFBP-2. This effect was duplicated by the addition of a CK2 inhibitor that prevents the phosphorylation of PTEN. In contrast, in fully differentiated osteoclasts stimulation of Thr308 phosphorylation required the presence of intact IGFBP-2. We conclude that IGFBP-2 is an important regulator of osteoclastogenesis and that both the heparin and the IGF binding domains of IGFBP-2 are essential for the formation of fully differentiated and functional osteoclasts.