cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Clinicians’ Emotional Reactions toward Patients with Depressive Symptoms in Mood Disorders: A Narrative Scoping Review of Empirical Research
Creators: name: Youngstrom, E.A.
name: Stefana, A.
name: Gnisci, C.
name: Fusar-Poli, P.
name: Vieta, E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: The purpose of this article is to narratively review the empirical literature on clinicians’ emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses (i.e., countertransference) to depressive and other symptoms of patients with mood disorders. Therapist subjective responses (countertransference) can negatively affect both diagnostic and therapeutic processes, especially when they are not recognized and managed promptly. However, at the same time, countertransference recognition, processing, and management can help inform the diagnostic process and improve the therapy process and outcome. In the last couple of decades, the number of studies that empirically explore countertransference toward mood disordered patients, as well as its relationship with various characteristics of both patients and treatment, has increased. Current evidence suggests that patients with depression tend to elicit more positive feelings among clinicians than patients with other severe mental disorders such as borderline personality disorder or schizophrenia. Furthermore, it documents the existence of associations between patients’ severity of depressive symptoms and clinicians’ subjective reactions, although the results regarding which specific countertransference patterns are evoked in relation to the different phases of the treatment are not entirely consistent. Lastly, growing evidence suggests the presence of clinicians’ specific emotional reactions towards patients with suicidal ideation and behavior.
Personalized Federated Multi-Task Learning over Wireless Fading Channels
Creators: name: Mortaheb, Matin
name: Vahapoglu, Cemil
name: Ulukus, Sennur
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: multi-task learning
dynamic weighting
federated learning
personalized federated learning
hierarchical federated learning
over-the-air aggregation

description: Multi-task learning (MTL) is a paradigm to learn multiple tasks simultaneously by utilizing a shared network, in which a distinct header network is further tailored for fine-tuning for each distinct task. Personalized federated learning (PFL) can be achieved through MTL in the context of federated learning (FL) where tasks are distributed across clients, referred to as personalized federated MTL (PF-MTL). Statistical heterogeneity caused by differences in the task complexities across clients and the non-identically independently distributed (non-i.i.d.) characteristics of local datasets degrades the system performance. To overcome this degradation, we propose FedGradNorm, a distributed dynamic weighting algorithm that balances learning speeds across tasks by normalizing the corresponding gradient norms in PF-MTL. We prove an exponential convergence rate for FedGradNorm. Further, we propose HOTA-FedGradNorm by utilizing over-the-air aggregation (OTA) with FedGradNorm in a hierarchical FL (HFL) setting. HOTA-FedGradNorm is designed to have efficient communication between the parameter server (PS) and clients in the power- and bandwidth-limited regime. We conduct experiments with both FedGradNorm and HOTA-FedGradNorm using MT facial landmark (MTFL) and wireless communication system (RadComDynamic) datasets. The results indicate that both frameworks are capable of achieving a faster training performance compared to equal-weighting strategies. In addition, FedGradNorm and HOTA-FedGradNorm compensate for imbalanced datasets across clients and adverse channel effects.
Neural separability of emotion reactivity and emotion regulation
Creators: name: Gross, James
name: Dixon, Matthew L
name: Jin-Xiao Zhang
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Neuroscience and Neurobiology
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Cognitive Neuroscience

description: see details in file pre-registration_SAD_1.3.docx
Tunable Energy Absorbing Property of Bilayer Amorphous Glass Foam via Dry Powder Printing
Creators: name: Park, Jungjin
name: Howard, John
name: Edery, Avi
name: DeMay, Matthew
name: Wereley, Norman
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: microspheres
cellular solid
dry printing
glass foam
energy absorption

description: The research in this paper entails the design of material systems with tunable energy-absorbing properties. Hollow glass microspheres of different densities are layered using dry powder printing and subsequently sintered to form a cellular structure. The tunability of the bilayer foams is investigated using various combinations of hollow microspheres with different densities and different thickness ratios of the layers. The mechanical responses to quasi-static uniaxial compression of the bilayer foams are also investigated. These bilayer samples show different mechanical responses from uniform samples with a distinctive two-step stress–strain profile that includes a first and second plateau stress. The strain where the second plateau starts can be tuned by adjusting the thickness ratio of the two layers. The resulting tunable stress–strain profile demonstrates tunable energy absorption. The tunability is found to be more significant if the density values of each layer differ largely. For comparison, bilayer samples are fabricated using epoxy at the interface instead of a sintering process and a different mechanical response is shown from a sintered sample with the different stress–strain profile. Designing the layered foams allows tuning of the stress–strain profile, enabling desired energy-absorbing properties which are critical in diverse impact conditions.
Molecular determinants of the interaction between HSV-1 glycoprotein D and heparan sulfate
Creators: name: Linhardt, R.J.
name: Lou, H.
name: Zhang, F.
name: Cairns, T.
name: Canning, A.J.
name: Gandy, L.A.
name: Cohen, G.
name: Liu, J.
name: Su, G.
name: Xia, K.
name: He, P.
name: Wang, C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Literature has well-established the importance of 3-O-sulfation of neuronal cell surface glycan heparan sulfate (HS) to its interaction with herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D (gD). Previous investigations of gD to its viral receptors HVEM and nectin-1 also highlighted the conformational dynamics of gD’s N- and C-termini, necessary for viral membrane fusion. However, little is known on the structural interactions of gD with HS. Here, we present our findings on this interface from both the glycan and the protein perspective. We used C-terminal and N-terminal gD variants to probe the role of their respective regions in gD/HS binding. The N-terminal truncation mutants (with Δ1-22) demonstrate equivalent or stronger binding to heparin than their intact glycoproteins, indicating that the first 22 amino acids are disposable for heparin binding. Characterization of the conformational differences between C-terminal truncated mutants by sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation distinguished between the “open” and “closed” conformations of the glycoprotein D, highlighting the region’s modulation of receptor binding. From the glycan perspective, we investigated gD interacting with heparin, heparan sulfate, and other de-sulfated and chemically defined oligosaccharides using surface plasmon resonance and glycan microarray. The results show a strong preference of gD for 6-O-sulfate, with 2-O-sulfation becoming more important in the presence of 6-O-S. Additionally, 3-O-sulfation shifted the chain length preference of gD from longer chain to mid-chain length, reaffirming the sulfation site’s importance to the gD/HS interface. Our results shed new light on the molecular details of one of seven known protein-glycan interactions with 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate.
Tag-Aware Ordinal Sparse Factor Analysis for Learning and Content Analytics
Creators: name: Lan, Andrew S.
name: Studer, Christoph
name: Waters, Andrew E.
name: Baraniuk, Richard G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning offers novel ways and means to design personalized learning systems wherein each student's educational experience is customized in real time depending on their background, learning goals, and performance to date. SPARse Factor Analysis (SPARFA) is a novel framework for machine learning-based learning analytics, which estimates a learner's knowledge of the concepts underlying a domain, and content analytics, which estimates the relationships among a collection of questions and those concepts. SPARFA jointly learns the associations among the questions and the concepts, learner concept knowledge profiles, and the underlying question difficulties, solely based on the correct/incorrect graded responses of a population of learners to a collection of questions. In this paper, we extend the SPARFA framework significantly to enable: (i) the analysis of graded responses on an ordinal scale (partial credit) rather than a binary scale (correct/incorrect); (ii) the exploitation of tags/labels for questions that partially describe the question{concept associations. The resulting Ordinal SPARFA-Tag framework greatly enhances the interpretability of the estimated concepts. We demonstrate using real educational data that Ordinal SPARFA-Tag outperforms both SPARFA and existing collaborative filtering techniques in predicting missing learner responses.
The Role of Tire Leachate in Condition-Specific Competition and the Persistence of a Resident Mosquito from a Competitively Superior Invader
Creators: name: Villena, Oswaldo C.
name: Sullivan, Joseph H.
name: Landa, Edward R.
name: Yarwood, Stephanie A.
name: Torrents, Alba
name: Zhang, Aijun
name: Leisnham, Paul T.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: Aedes albopictus
culex pipiens
invasive species
oviposition behavior
tire contaminents
ultraviolet radiation

description: (1) Background: Condition-specific competition, when the outcome of competition varies with abiotic conditions, can facilitate species coexistence in spatially or temporally variable environments. Discarded vehicle tires degrade to leach contaminants into collected rainwater that provide habitats for competing mosquito species. We tested the hypothesis that more highly degraded tires that contain greater tire leachate alters interspecific mosquito competition to produce a condition-specific advantage for the resident, Culex pipiens, by altering the outcome of competition with the competitively superior invasive Aedes albopictus. (2) Methods: In a competition trial, varying densities of newly hatched Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens larvae were added to tires that had been exposed to three different ultraviolet (UV)-B conditions that mimicked full-sun, shade, or no UV-B conditions in the field. We also measured Cx. pipiens and Ae. albopictus oviposition preference among four treatments with varying tire leachate (high and low) and resources (high and low) amounts to determine if adult gravid females avoided habitats with higher tire leachate. (3) Results: We found stronger competitive effects of Cx. pipiens on the population performance and survival of Ae. albopictus in tires exposed to shade and full-sun conditions that had higher concentrations of contaminants. Further, zinc concentration was higher in emergent adults of Ae. albopictus than Cx. pipiens. Oviposition by these species was similar between tire leachate treatments but not by resource amount. (4) Conclusions: These results suggest that degraded tires with higher tire leachate may promote condition-specific competition by reducing the competitive advantage of invasive Ae. albopictus over resident Cx. pipiens and, combined with Cx. pipiens’ preferential oviposition in higher resource sites, contribute to the persistence of the resident species.
Pandemic policies and breastfeeding: A cross-sectional study during the onset of COVID-19 in the United States
Creators: name: Chung, S.
name: Tumlinson, K.
name: Tomori, C.
name: Quinn, E.A.
name: Fox, C.
name: Palmquist, A.E.L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: The United States is one of the few countries, and the only high-income country, that does not federally mandate protection of postpartum employment through paid postpartum maternity and family leave policies. At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S., stay-at-home orders were implemented nationally, creating a natural experiment in which to document the effects of de facto paid leave on infant feeding practices in the first postpartum year. The purpose of this cross-sectional, mixed-methods study was to describe infant and young child feeding intentions, practices, decision-making, and experiences during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected March 27–May 31, 2020 via online survey among a convenience sample of respondents, ages 18 years and older, who were currently feeding a child 2 years of age or younger, yielding 1,437 eligible responses. Nearly all (97%) respondents indicated an intention to feed their infant exclusively with human milk in the first 6 months. A majority of respondents who were breastfeeding (66%) reported no change in breastfeeding frequency after the implementation of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. However, thirty-one percent indicated that they breastfed more frequently due to stay-at-home orders and delayed plans to wean their infant or young child. Key themes drawn from the qualitative data were: emerging knowledge and perceptions of the relationship between COVID-19 and breastfeeding, perceptions of immune factors in human milk, and the social construction of COVID-19 and infant and young child feeding perceptions and knowledge. There were immediate positive effects of stay-at-home policies on human milk feeding practices, even during a time of considerable uncertainty about the safety of breastfeeding and the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 via human milk, constrained access to health care services and COVID-19 testing, and no effective COVID-19 vaccines. Federally mandated paid postpartum and family leave are essential to achieving more equitable lactation outcomes.
The Structure of Nuclear Star Clusters in Nearby Late-type Spiral Galaxies from Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 Imaging
Creators: name: Carson, Daniel J.
name: Barth, Aaron J.
name: Seth, Anil C.
name: Brok, Mark den
name: Cappellari, Michele
name: Greene, Jenny E.
name: Ho, Luis C.
name: Neumayer, Nadine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtained Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 imaging of a sample of ten of the nearest and brightest nuclear clusters residing in late-type spiral galaxies, in seven bands that span the near-ultraviolet to the near-infrared. Structural properties of the clusters were measured by fitting two-dimensional surface brightness profiles to the images using GALFIT. The clusters exhibit a wide range of structural properties. For six of the ten clusters in our sample, we find changes in the effective radius with wavelength, suggesting radially varying stellar populations. In four of the objects, the effective radius increases with wavelength, indicating the presence of a younger population which is more concentrated than the bulk of the stars in the cluster. However, we find a general decrease in effective radius with wavelength in two of the objects in our sample, which may indicate extended, circumnuclear star formation. We also find a general trend of increasing roundness of the clusters at longer wavelengths, as well as a correlation between the axis ratios of the NCs and their host galaxies. These observations indicate that blue disks aligned with the host galaxy plane are a common feature of nuclear clusters in late-type galaxies, but are difficult to detect in galaxies that are close to face-on. In color-color diagrams spanning the near-UV through the near-IR, most of the clusters lie far from single-burst evolutionary tracks, showing evidence for multi-age populations. Most of the clusters have integrated colors consistent with a mix of an old population (> 1 Gyr) and a young population (~100-300 Myr). The wide wavelength coverage of our data provides a sensitivity to populations with a mix of ages that would not be possible to achieve with imaging in optical bands only.
description: Corrected a typo in author name and affiliation for MC and corrected a typo in the conclusion
Children’s Understanding of Economic Inequality
Creators: name: Cameron, Lindsey
name: Skipper, Yvonne
name: Dickinson, Julie
name: Tenenbaum, Harriet
name: Banerjee, Robin
name: Leman, Patrick
name: Ng-Knight, Terry
name: Gummerum, Michaela
name: Easterbrook, Matthew
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Developmental Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Economic inequality
subject: Inequality
subject: Fairness
subject: Children

description: A plethora of reports by governmental agencies, think tanks, international organizations, and newspapers chart the development and stubborn persistence of income inequality in the UK. Epidemiological research has shown that societies with greater income inequality score lower than more equal societies in common public health indicators (e.g., morbidity, infant mortality; Wilkinson & Pickett, 2006), but also well-being and mental health (Pickett & Wilkinson, 2015). Thus, income inequality has adverse effects for individuals and societies at large. The purpose of this seminar series is to understand how children reason about inequalities at societal and interpersonal levels and how inequality affects them at a personal level. Looking at the developmental origins of the understanding of inequality may help us to combat acceptance of large differences in income inequality. Some research has explored children’s acceptance of inequality at a societal level and in interpersonal interactions. At an explicit level, seminal work found that children do not support income inequalities based on occupation until they are over 8 years of age (Emler & Dickinson, 1985). More recent research also suggests that 8-year-old children are less likely to support school segregation based on income than are 14-year-old children (Tenenbaum, Leman, Aznar, Duthie, & Killen, 2018). Thus, acceptance of income inequality seems to increase throughout middle childhood and adolescence. Given when these data were conducted on children’s understanding of income inequality, this project will examine whether children continue to support income inequality. We are particularly interested if opinions about key worker positions have changed after the lockdown. In the original study (Emler & Dickinson, 1985), children were asked about bus drivers, teachers, road sweepers, and doctors. They argued that doctors should be paid more because they have more education. In the present study, we will ask about the following occupations: Our full collection will be doctor, engineer, teacher, bank manager, bus driver, rubbish All the necessary information is included in the uploaded OSF word doc.
Evaluation of pre-workout and recovery formulations on body composition and performance after a 6-week high-intensity training program
Creators: name: Cabre, H.E.
name: Gordon, A.N.
name: Patterson, N.D.
name: Smith-Ryan, A.E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Introduction: Activities such as high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may be more time-efficient modes to stimulate rapid changes in performance and body composition. There is little research evaluating the combined effects of HIRT and HIIT on body composition and strength, particularly when paired with nutritional supplementation. Purpose: To evaluate the chronic effects of pre- and post-workout supplementation on body composition and strength, and to understand sex-specific responses. Materials and methods: 64 untrained males (n = 23) and females (n = 41) (mean ± standard deviation; age: 33.2 ± 10.0 years; %fat: 31.6 ± 7.4%) were randomized to either (1) pre-post supplementation [SUP (n = 25); pre = multi-ingredient caffeine/HMB/vit D; post = whey protein/carbohydrates/glucosamine/vitamins], (2) placebo [PL (n = 24); non-caloric], or (3) control [CON (n = 15)]. All participants completed one repetition max (1RM) strength testing for leg press and bench press at baseline and week 6. Estimates of fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM) were measured via dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Participants in the SUP or PL group completed a 6-week supervised exercise intervention consisting of a full-body HIRT workout (3 × 6–8 reps) followed by a HIIT treadmill run (6 × 1 min run: 1 min rest) twice per week. Outcomes were evaluated by separate repeated measure ANOVAs (2 × 3). Results: There were no differences in FM between groups or sex (p = 0.133–0.851). LM increased from baseline to post-testing for all groups [Mean difference [MD(Post-Pre) ± Standard Error (SE) = 0.78 ± 0.12 kg; p < 0.001]. While not significant (p = 0.081), SUP gained more LM compared to PL [MD(SUP-PL) ± SE = 3.5 ± 3.3 kg] and CON [MD(SUP-CON) ± SE = 5.2 ± 3.8 kg]. LM increased over time for both males (0.84 ± 0.24 kg; p = 0.003) and females (0.73 ± 0.14 kg; p < 0.001). The SUP group resulted in a significant increase in 1RM leg press compared to the CON group (89.9 ± 30.8 kg; p = 0.015), with no significant differences compared to PL (p = 0.409). The SUP group had greater increases in 1RM bench press compared to the CON group (9.8 ± 1.8 kg; p < 0.001), with no significant differences compared to PL (p = 0.99). Both sexes increased upper- (5.5 ± 0.7 kg; p < 0.001) and lower-body strength (69.8 ± 4.5 kg p < 0.001) with training. Conclusion: Nutrient supplementation timing appears to augment body composition changes and strength compared to control. Pre-/post-nutrient timing may support greater increases in LM and lower- and upper-body strength in both men and women. Clinical trial registration: [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04230824?cond=NCT04230824&draw=2&rank=1], identifier [NCT04230824].
Spin liquid polymorphism in a correlated electron system on the threshold of superconductivity
Creators: name: Zaliznyak, Igor A.
name: Savici, Andrei T.
name: Lumsden, Mark
name: Tsvelik, Alexei M.
name: Hu, Rongwei
name: Petrovic, Cedomir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report neutron scattering measurements, which reveal spin-liquid polymorphism in a '11' iron chalcogenide superconductor, a poorly-metallic magnetic FeTe tuned towards superconductivity by substitution of a small amount of Tellurium with iso-electronic Sulphur. We observe liquid-like magnetic dynamics, which is described by a competition of two phases with different local structure, whose relative abundance depends on temperature. One is the ferromagnetic (FM) plaquette phase observed in the non-superconducting FeTe, which preserves the C$_4$ symmetry of the underlying square lattice and is favored at high temperatures. The other is the antiferromagnetic plaquette phase with broken C$_4$ symmetry, which emerges with doping and is predominant at low temperatures. These findings suggest a first-order liquid-liquid phase transition in the electronic spin system of FeTe$_{1-x}$(S,Se)$_x$. We thus discover remarkable new physics of competing spin liquid polymorphs in a correlated electron system approaching superconductivity. Our results facilitate an understanding of large swaths of recent experimental data in unconventional superconductors.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Frequency Domain Multiplexing for MKIDs: Comparing the Xilinx ZCU111 RFSoC with their new 2x2 RFSoC board
Creators: name: Baldwin, Eoin
name: De Lucia, Mario
name: Bracken, Colm
name: Ulbricht, Gerhard
name: Creaner, Oisin
name: Piercy, Jack
name: Ray, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Xilinx ZCU111 Radio Frequency System on Chip (RFSoC) is a promising solution for reading out large arrays of microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs). The board boasts eight on-chip 12-bit / 4.096 GSPS analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs) and eight 14-bit / 6.554 GSPS digital-to-analogue converters (DACs), as well as field programmable gate array (FPGA) resources of 930,000 logic cells and 4,272 digital signal processing (DSP) slices. While this is sufficient data converter bandwidth for the readout of 8,000 MKIDs, with a 2 MHz channel-spacing, and a 1 MHz sampling rate (per channel), additional FPGA resources are needed to perform the DSP needed to process this large number of MKIDs. A solution to this problem is the new Xilinx RFSoC 2x2 board. This board costs only one fifth of the ZCU111 while still providing the same logic resources as the ZCU111, albeit with only a quarter of the data converter resources. Thus, using multiple RFSoC 2x2 boards would provide a better balance between FPGA resources and data converters, allowing the full utilization of the RF bandwidth provided by the data converters, while also lowering the cost per pixel value of the readout system, from approximately EUR2.50 per pixel with the ZCU111, to EUR1 per pixel.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures. Presented at 19$^{th}$ International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, 21$^{st}$ July 2023. Resubmission to correct minor typo in author list
Quantized Matrix Completion for Personalized Learning
Creators: name: Lan, Andrew S.
name: Studer, Christoph
name: Baraniuk, Richard G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The recently proposed SPARse Factor Analysis (SPARFA) framework for personalized learning performs factor analysis on ordinal or binary-valued (e.g., correct/incorrect) graded learner responses to questions. The underlying factors are termed "concepts" (or knowledge components) and are used for learning analytics (LA), the estimation of learner concept-knowledge profiles, and for content analytics (CA), the estimation of question-concept associations and question difficulties. While SPARFA is a powerful tool for LA and CA, it requires a number of algorithm parameters (including the number of concepts), which are difficult to determine in practice. In this paper, we propose SPARFA-Lite, a convex optimization-based method for LA that builds on matrix completion, which only requires a single algorithm parameter and enables us to automatically identify the required number of concepts. Using a variety of educational datasets, we demonstrate that SPARFALite (i) achieves comparable performance in predicting unobserved learner responses to existing methods, including item response theory (IRT) and SPARFA, and (ii) is computationally more efficient.
Investigating the effect of meat reduction social norm messages on food purchases in UK university food outlets.
Creators: name: Patel, Vibhuti
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Food Studies
subject: Experimental Analysis of Behavior
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This is a registration of the study protocol before data collection begins.
The Development and Pilot Evaluation of a Family-Based Education to Strengthen Latinx Adolescent Mental Health in the United States: The Familias Activas Experience
Creators: name: Hurtado Choque, Ghaffar Ali
name: Garcia Cosavalente, Hilda Patricia
name: Chan, Alexander E.
name: Rodriguez, Matthew R.
name: Sumano, Eva
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: Latinx youth
mental health
positive youth development
sports

description: Adolescent years are a time of joy and can represent a challenge for parents and youth, especially for immigrants to the US who are adjusting to their host country. Programs focusing on family skills and positive youth development (PYD) can contribute to youth wellbeing especially, however, few exist for low-income immigrant families. (1) Background: The major goals of this project are to strengthen both PYD and healthy parenting practices by implementing an evidence-informed program, Familias Activas. A theory of change guided the development of Familias Activas in which three factors: parent training, positive youth development, and youth physical activity sessions (soccer) aimed to improve Latinx youth mental health. Youth participated in weekly soccer practices led by trained soccer coaches while parents/caregivers attended parent education. Both sessions lasted eight weeks. (2) Method: We describe the formative stage of the research project as well as the pilot implementation of the Familias Activas program, which provides critical insights for the development of a PYD program. (3) Results: Evaluation surveys were administered to youth and their parents. Thirty youths and sixteen parents completed the survey. The Kidscreen scale had a mean for most items ranging from 3.6 to 4.2. Participating youth were 11 years old and most affirmed they were Latinx. The feasibility program quality mean was 4.2 indicating an overall positive result for the pilot program.. Implications of PYD programs for Latinx youth are discussed. (4) Conclusions: The current paper presents a model for positively influencing the physical and mental wellbeing of Latinx youth and their parents. The model is culturally responsive in its involvement of both parents and youth in programming.
Additional file 2 of Association of TERT and DSP variants with microscopic polyangiitis and myeloperoxidase-ANCA positive vasculitis in a Japanese population: a genetic association study
Creators: name: Kawasaki, Aya
name: Namba, Natsumi
name: Ken-Ei Sada
name: Hirano, Fumio
name: Kobayashi, Shigeto
name: Nagasaka, Kenji
name: Sugihara, Takahiko
name: Ono, Nobuyuki
name: Fujimoto, Takashi
name: Makio Kusaoi
name: Tamura, Naoto
name: Yamagata, Kunihiro
name: Sumida, Takayuki
name: Hashimoto, Hiroshi
name: Ozaki, Shoichi
name: Makino, Hirofumi
name: Arimura, Yoshihiro
name: Harigai, Masayoshi
name: Tsuchiya, Naoyuki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure S1. DSP rs2076295G is associated with lower expression of DSP mRNA in lung.
A multinational study of the effects of having older siblings on children’s vocabulary development and shared activities during the first COVID-19 lockdown
Creators: name: Mundry, Roger
name: Horowitz-Kraus, Tzipi
name: Laing, Catherine E.
name: Mayor, Julien
name: Kartushina, Natalia
name: Aussems, Suzanne
name: Havron, Naomi
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Developmental Psychology
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Other Psychology

description: This is a new analysis of the data published in https://psyarxiv.com/5ejwu/ focusing on the effect of siblings on language development
Calpain-mediated proteolysis of vimentin filaments is augmented in giant axonal neuropathy fibroblasts exposed to hypotonic stress
Creators: name: Fu, D.
name: Snider, N.T.
name: Armao, D.
name: Phillips, C.L.
name: Herring, L.E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Giant Axonal Neuropathy (GAN) is a pediatric neurodegenerative disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in the E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptor gigaxonin, which is encoded by the KLHL16 gene. Gigaxonin regulates the degradation of multiple intermediate filament (IF) proteins, including neurofilaments, GFAP, and vimentin, which aggregate in GAN patient cells. Understanding how IFs and their aggregates are processed under stress can reveal new GAN disease mechanisms and potential targets for therapy. Here we tested the hypothesis that hypotonic stress-induced vimentin proteolysis is impaired in GAN. In both GAN and control fibroblasts exposed to hypotonic stress, we observed time-dependent vimentin cleavage that resulted in two prominent ∼40–45 kDa fragments. However, vimentin proteolysis occurred more rapidly and extensively in GAN cells compared to unaffected controls as both fragments were generated earlier and at 4-6-fold higher levels. To test enzymatic involvement, we determined the expression levels and localization of the calcium-sensitive calpain proteases-1 and -2 and their endogenous inhibitor calpastatin. While the latter was not affected, the expression of both calpains was 2-fold higher in GAN cells compared to control cells. Moreover, pharmacologic inhibition of calpains with MDL-28170 or MG-132 attenuated vimentin cleavage. Imaging analysis revealed striking colocalization between large perinuclear vimentin aggregates and calpain-2 in GAN fibroblasts. This colocalization was dramatically altered by hypotonic stress, where selective breakdown of filaments over aggregates occurred rapidly in GAN cells and coincided with calpain-2 cytoplasmic redistribution. Finally, mass spectrometry-based proteomics revealed that phosphorylation at Ser-412, located at the junction between the central “rod” domain and C-terminal “tail” domain on vimentin, is involved in this stress response. Over-expression studies using phospho-deficient and phospho-mimic mutants revealed that Ser-412 is important for filament organization, solubility dynamics, and vimentin cleavage upon hypotonic stress exposure. Collectively, our work reveals that osmotic stress induces calpain- and proteasome-mediated vimentin degradation and IF network breakdown. These effects are significantly augmented in the presence of disease-causing KLHL16 mutations that alter intermediate filament organization. While the specific roles of calpain-generated vimentin IF fragments in GAN cells remain to be defined, this proteolytic pathway is translationally-relevant to GAN because maintaining osmotic homeostasis is critical for nervous system function.
Elementary Theorems Regarding Blue Isocurvature Perturbations
Creators: name: Chung, Daniel J. H.
name: Yoo, Hojin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Blue CDM-photon isocurvature perturbations are attractive in terms of observability and may be typical from the perspective of generic mass relations in supergravity. We present and apply three theorems useful for blue isocurvature perturbations arising from linear spectator scalar fields. In the process, we give a more precise formula for the blue spectrum associated with the axion model of 0904.3800, which can in a parametric corner give a factor of O(10) correction. We explain how a conserved current associated with Peccei-Quinn symmetry plays a crucial role and explicitly plot several example spectra including the breaks in the spectra. We also resolve a little puzzle arising from a naive multiplication of isocurvature expression that sheds light on the gravitational imprint of the adiabatic perturbations on the fields responsible for blue isocurvature fluctuations.
description: 60 pages, 4 figures
BENEFITS OF MEDIATION – AWARENESS IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND BUSINESS SECTOR IN NORTH MACEDONIA
Creators: name: Abazi - Imeri, Ardita
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Mediation is an alternative means of resolving disputes, enabling parties to settle disputes through negotiation and increasing flexibility in the dispute resolution process, as compared to more conventional approaches (e.g., court proceedings). Mediation helps build trust and mutual respect between entities and is also a useful tool, which can relieve the pressure on judicial institutions with case backlogs putting a heavy burden on their time and human and technical capacities. The concept of mediation in North Macedonia was introduced in early 2006. However, this tool for dispute resolution is not widely recognized and used in North Macedonia, especially by representatives from the business sector and public institutions. The amendment to the law in 2013 set a good basis for improved use of mediation. However, the three-year gap in its practical implementation (at the end of 2016) impeded uptake. Additionally, some provisions of the law which are interpreted differently by stakeholders have created unfavourable ground for promotion and usage. In 2019, the government recommended that bodies of the state administration, other state institutions and local self-government units should use mediation when resolving disputes arising within their scope of work. Furthermore, recently (2020), an additional attempt was made to promote successful functioning of mediation in the Republic of North Macedonia and establishment of a modern legal framework through the preparation of a new draft law on mediation. Data show that the usage rate for mediation by state bodies, the business sector and citizens remains low, with only 1943 cases resolved through mediation as of 2020 (“Mediation – for a new culture in dispute resolution” conference, 2021).[1] This points to a lack of awareness of the benefits provided by this tool. Through use of mediation, the public administration and business sector in particular could save resources, achieving desired results in a shorter time in dispute situations. In order to determine the main reasons for this, this research looked at available data on the current situation regarding use of mediation by the public administration and business sector; their perceptions of mediation and level of awareness of the mediation process; their experience, opinions and readiness to promote mediation as a procedure for resolving disputes; and other relevant issues. This is important foremost in order to get an accurate picture of the situation and future possibilities for development and promotion of mediation.
Development of an Endoscopic Auto-Fluorescent Sensing Device to Aid in the Detection of Breast Cancer and Inform Photodynamic Therapy
Creators: name: Gaitan, Brandon
name: Inglut, Collin
name: Kanniyappan, Udayakumar
name: Xu, He N.
name: Conant, Emily F.
name: Frankle, Lucas
name: Li, Lin Z.
name: Chen, Yu
name: Huang, Huang-Chiao
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: optical redox ratio
breast cancer
autofluorescence
molecular endoscopic imaging
photodynamic therapy

description: Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer type in women, with it being the second most deadly cancer in terms of total yearly mortality. Due to the prevalence of this disease, better methods are needed for both detection and treatment. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are autofluorescent biomarkers that lend insight into cell and tissue metabolism. As such, we developed an endoscopic device to measure these metabolites in tissue to differentiate between malignant tumors and normal tissue. We performed initial validations in liquid phantoms as well as compared to a previously validated redox imaging system. We also imaged ex vivo tissue samples after modulation with carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP) and a combination of rotenone and antimycin A. We then imaged the rim and the core of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer tumors, with our results showing that the core of a cancerous lesion has a significantly higher optical redox ratio ([FAD]/([FAD] + [NADH])) than the rim, which agrees with previously published results. The mouse muscle tissues exhibited a significantly lower FAD, higher NADH, and lower redox ratio compared to the tumor core or rim. We also used the endoscope to measure NADH and FAD after photodynamic therapy treatment, a light-activated treatment methodology. Our results found that the NADH signal increases in the malignancy rim and core, while the core of cancers demonstrated a significant increase in the FAD signal.
Narrative shapes representations of immigrants
Creators: name: Vaida, Naomi
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: Pre-registration is attached as a PDF. This experiment investigates how a narrative about the American Dream shapes people’s stereotypes about immigrants and other stereotypically low-income groups. Broadly, narrative is the representation of an agent acting within a set of causally linked events (i.e., the narrative) that unfold in a particular order (i.e., the plot). We define a stereotype as a collective, oversimplified image of a group or type of person. We measure stereotyping via the Stereotype Content Model (SCM). This widely validated model states that group and interpersonal impressions are based on two dimensions: warmth and competence (Fiske, 2018).
Modeling and Design of Longitudinal and Lateral Control System with a FeedForward Controller for a 4 Wheeled Robot
Creators: name: koudia, Younes El
name: Tarik, Jarou
name: Jawad, Abdouni
name: Idrissi, Sofia El
name: Nasri, Elmahdi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The work show in this paper progresses through a sequence of physics-based increasing fidelity models that are used to design the robot controllers that respect the limits of the robot capabilities, develop a reference simple controller applicable to a large subset of tracking conditions, which include mostly non-invasive or highly dynamic movements and define path geometry following the control problem and develop both a simple geometric control and a dynamic model predictive control approach. In this paper, we propose for a nonlinear model with disturbance effect, the mathematical modeling of the longitudinal and lateral movements using PID with a feed-forward controller. This study proposes a feedforward controller to eliminate the disturbance effect.
Interaction induced decay of a heteronuclear two-atom system
Creators: name: Xu, Peng
name: Yang, Jiaheng
name: Liu, Min
name: He, Xiaodong
name: Zeng, Yong
name: Wang, Kunpeng
name: Wang, Jin
name: Papoular, D. J.
name: Shlyapnikov, G. V.
name: Zhan, Mingsheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-atom systems in small traps are of fundamental interest, first of all for understanding the role of interactions in degenerate cold gases and for the creation of quantum gates in quantum information processing with single-atom traps. One of the key quantities is the inelastic relaxation (decay) time when one of the atoms or both are in a higher hyperfine state. Here we measure this quantity in a heteronuclear system of $^{87}$Rb and $^{85}$Rb in a micro optical trap and demonstrate experimentally and theoretically the presence of both fast and slow relaxation processes, depending on the choice of the initial hyperfine states. The developed experimental method allows us to single out a particular relaxation process and, in this sense, our experiment is a "superclean platform" for collisional physics studies. Our results have also implications for engineering of quantum states via controlled collisions and creation of two-qubit quantum gates.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Depressive symptoms and violence exposure in a population-based sample of adult women in South Africa
Creators: name: Parker, Alexandra
name: de Kadt, Julia
name: Hatcher, Abigail M.
name: Mkhize, Sthembiso Pollen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Depressive symptoms are a major burden of disease globally and is associated with violence and poverty. However, much of the research linking these conditions is from resource-rich settings and among smaller, clinical samples. Secondary data from a household survey in Gauteng Province of South Africa examines the cross-sectional association between adult women’s elevated depressive symptoms and markers of violence. Using tablet computers, participants self-completed interview modules to screen for depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire 2-item screener), childhood exposure to physical and sexual abuse (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire 4-item index), as well as past-year exposure to sexual or intimate partner violence (SIPV; WHO Multicountry Study instrument 4-item index). Socio-economic status, food security, education, and income were self-reported. Representative data at the ward level allows for modeling of results using survey commands and mixed-level modeling. Of the 7,276 adult women participating in the household survey, 42.1% reported elevated depressive symptoms. A total of 63.9% reported childhood violence exposure and 5.3% had past-year SIPV. Multi-level modeling suggests that violence is a strong predictor of depressive symptoms. Childhood abuse alone increases the odds of high depressive symptomology, after controlling for individual-level markers of poverty and neighborhood of residence (aOR 1.31, 95%, CI 1.17–1.37). Combined exposure to childhood abuse and past-year SIPV increased odds of reporting elevated depressive symptoms (aOR 2.05, 95%, CI 1.54–2.71). Ward characteristics account for 6% of the variance in depressive symptoms, over and above the contributions of household food security and socio-economic status. Exposure to violence in childhood and past-year SIPV were associated with depressive symptoms among women. These associations persist after controlling for socio-economic markers and latent neighborhood characteristics, which also had significant association with elevated depressive symptoms. These data suggest that efforts to reduce the burden of depressive symptoms may benefit from approaches that prevent violence against women and children.
Monte Carlo calculations for Fermi gases in the unitary limit with a zero-range interaction
Creators: name: Pessoa, Renato
name: Vitiello, S. A.
name: Schmidt, K. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An ultracold Fermi gas with a zero-range attractive potential in the unitary limit is investigated using variational and diffusion Monte Carlo methods. Previous calculations have used a finite range interactions and extrapolate the results to zero-range. Here we extend the quantum Monte Carlo method to directly use a zero-range interaction without extrapolation. We employ a trial wave function with the correct boundary conditions, and modify the sampling procedures to handle the zero-range interaction. The results are reliable and have low variance.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures