cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Using dynamical barriers to control the transmission of light through slowly-varying photonic crystals
Creators: name: Henning, A. J.
name: Fromhold, T. M.
name: Wilkinson, P. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use semiclassical Hamiltonian optics to investigate the propagation of light rays through two-dimensional photonic crystals when slow spatial modulation of the lattice parameters induces mixed stable-chaotic ray dynamics. This modulation changes both the shape and frequency range of the allowed frequency bands, thereby bending the resulting semiclassical ray trajectories and confining them within particular regions of the crystal. The curved boundaries of these regions, combined with the bending of the orbits themselves, creates a hierarchy of stable and unstable chaotic trajectories in phase space. For certain lattice parameters and electromagnetic wave frequencies, islands of stable orbits act as a dynamical barrier, which separates the chaotic trajectories into two distinct regions of the crystal, thereby preventing the rays propagating through the structure. We show that changing the frequency of the light strongly affects the distribution of stable and unstable orbits in both real and phase space. This switches the dynamical barriers on and off and thus modulates the transmission of rays through the crystal. We propose microwave analogues of the photonic crystals as a route to the experimental study of the transport effects that we predict.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Spin Relaxation in Single Layer and Bilayer Graphene
Creators: name: Han, Wei
name: Kawakami, Roland K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate spin relaxation in graphene spin valves and observe strongly contrasting behavior for single layer graphene (SLG) and bilayer graphene (BLG). In SLG, the spin lifetime (τs) varies linearly with the momentum scattering time (τp) as carrier concentration is varied, indicating the dominance of Elliot-Yafet (EY) spin relaxation at low temperatures. In BLG, τs and τp exhibit an inverse dependence, which indicates the dominance of Dyakonov-Perel spin relaxation at low temperatures. The different behavior is due to enhanced screening and/or reduced surface sensitivity of BLG, which greatly reduces the impurity-induced EY spin relaxation.
Physiological Effects of Training in Elite German Winter Sport Athletes: Sport Specific Remodeling Determined Using Echocardiographic Data and CPET Performance Parameters
Creators: name: Zimmermann, Paul
name: Schöffl, Isabelle
name: Schöffl, Volker
name: Zimmermann, Lukas
name: Eckstein, Max L.
name: Moser, Othmar
name: Wüstenfeld, Jan
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: physiological demands
subject: winter sport athlete
subject: ski-mountaineering
subject: biathletes
subject: Nordic-cross country
subject: echocardiography
subject: cardiopulmonary exercise testing
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Nine ski mountaineering (Ski-Mo), ten Nordic-cross country (NCC), and twelve world elite biathlon (Bia) athletes were evaluated for cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) performance and pronounced echocardiographic physiological cardiac remodeling as a primary aim of our descriptive preliminary report. In this context, a multicenter retrospective analysis of two-dimensional echocardiographic data including speckle tracking of the left ventricle (LV-GLS) and CPET performance analysis was performed in 31 elite world winter sports athletes, which were obtained during the annual sports medicine examination between 2020 and 2021. The matched data of the elite winter sports athletes (14 women, 17 male athletes, age: 18-32 years) were compared for different CPET and echocardiographic parameters, anthropometric data, and sport-specific training schedules. Significant differences could be revealed for left atrial (LA) remodeling by LA volume index (LAVI, p = 0.0052), LV-GLS (p = 0.0003), and LV mass index (LV Mass index, p = 0.0078) between the participating disciplines. All participating athletes showed excellent performance data in the CPET analyses, whereby significant differences were revealed for highest maximum respiratory minute volume (VE (maximum)) and the maximum oxygen pulse level across the participating athletes. This study on sport specific physiological demands in elite winter sport athletes provides new evidence that significant differences in CPET and cardiac remodeling of the left heart can be identified based on the individual athlete's training schedule, frequency, and physique.
SUSY Enhancement of Heavy Higgs Production
Creators: name: Bednyakov, A. V.
name: Kazakov, D. I.
name: Tanyildizi, S. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the cross-section of heavy Higgs production at the LHC within the framework of the Constrained MSSM. It is not only enhanced by tan^2 beta but sometimes is also enhanced by the squark contribution. First, we consider the universal scenario within mSUGRA and find out that to get the desired enhancement one needs large negative values of A_0, which seems to be incompatible with the b->s gamma decay rate. To improve the situation, we release the unification requirement in the Higgs sector. Then it becomes possible to satisfy all requirements simultaneously and enhance the squark contribution. The latter can gain a factor of several units increasing the overall cross-section which, however, is still smaller than the cross-section of the associated H b bbar production. We consider also some other consequences of the chosen benchmark point.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures. We added figure and made some clarification. Published version
Prediction of high and low disease activity in early MS patients using multiple kernel learning identifies importance of lateral ventricle intensity
Creators: name: Chien, Claudia
name: Seiler, Moritz
name: Eitel, Fabian
name: Schmitz-Hübsch, Tanja
name: Paul, Friedemann
name: Ritter, Kerstin
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Relapsing/remitting
subject: MRI
subject: disease activity prediction
subject: multiple kernel learning
subject: lateral ventricles
subject: machine learning
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Lack of easy-to-interpret disease activity prediction methods in early MS can lead to worse patient prognosis. Objectives: Using machine learning (multiple kernel learning - MKL) models, we assessed the prognostic value of various clinical and MRI measures for disease activity. Methods: Early MS patients (n = 148) with at least two associated clinical and MRI visits were investigated. T2-weighted MRIs were cropped to contain mainly the lateral ventricles (LV). High disease activity was defined as surpassing NEDA-3 Criteria more than once per year. Clinical demographic, MRI-extracted image-derived phenotypes (IDP), and MRI data were used as inputs for separate kernels to predict future disease activity with MKL. Model performance was compared using bootstrapped effect size analysis of mean differences. Results: A total of 681 visits were included, where 81 (55%) patients had high disease activity in a combined end point measure using all follow-up visits. MKL model discrimination performance was moderate (AUC >= 0.62); however, modelling with combined clinical and cropped LV kernels gave the highest prediction performance (AUC = 0.70). Conclusions: MRIs contain valuable information on future disease activity, especially in and around the LV. MKL techniques for combining different data types can be used for the prediction of disease activity in a relatively small MS cohort.
Project Summary: Does Improved Water Quality Increase Milk Production?
Creators: name: Benny, Tony
Publisher: name: AgResearch
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 3002
subject: Agriculture, land and farm management

description: This article summarises the results of a Rural Professionals Fund project that aimed to investigate if providing high-quality (town supply) water compared with unfiltered bore water, which is high in iron and manganese, would increase water intake and milk production in dairy cattle. All text in this article is licensed for re-use under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
Gamma Ray Line Constraints on Effective Theories of Dark Matter
Creators: name: Goodman, Jessica
name: Ibe, Masahiro
name: Rajaraman, Arvind
name: Shepherd, William
name: Tait, Tim M. P.
name: Yu, Hai-Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A monochromatic gamma ray line results when dark matter particles in the galactic halo annihilate to produce a two body final state which includes a photon. Such a signal is very distinctive from astrophysical backgrounds, and thus represents an incisive probe of theories of dark matter. We compare the recent null results of searches for gamma ray lines in the galactic center and other regions of the sky with the predictions of effective theories describing the interactions of dark matter particles with the Standard Model. We find that the null results of these searches provide constraints on the nature of dark matter interactions with ordinary matter which are complementary to constraints from other observables, and stronger than collider constraints in some cases.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures
String hypothesis for gl(n|m) spin chains: a particle/hole democracy
Creators: name: Volin, Dmytro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is devoted to integrable gl(n|m) spin chains which allow for formulation of the string hypothesis. Considering the thermodynamic limit of such spin chains, we derive linear functional equations that symmetricaly treat holes and particles. The functional equations naturally organize different types of excitations into a pattern equivalent to the one of Y-system, and, not surprisingly, the Y-system can be easily derived from the functional equations. The Y-system is known to contain most of the information about the symmetry of the model, therefore we map the symmetry knowledge directly to the description of string excitations. Our analysis is applicable for highest weight representations which for some choice of the Kac-Dynkin diagram have only one nonzero Dynkin label. This generalizes known results for the AdS/CFT spectral problem and for the Hubbard model.
description: 38 pages; v2: references added
Hyperparameter Tuning and Automatic Image Augmentation for Deep Learning-Based Angle Classification on Intraoral Photographs—A Retrospective Study
Creators: name: Cejudo Grano De Oro, José Eduardo
name: Koch, Petra Julia
name: Krois, Joachim
name: Garcia Cantu Ros, Anselmo
name: Patel, Jay
name: Meyer-Lueckel, Hendrik
name: Schwendicke, Falk
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: artificial intelligence
subject: deep learning
subject: modeling
subject: orthodontics
subject: photographs
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: We aimed to assess the effects of hyperparameter tuning and automatic image augmentation for deep learning-based classification of orthodontic photographs along the Angle classes. Our dataset consisted of 605 images of Angle class I, 1038 images of class II, and 408 images of class III. We trained ResNet architectures for classification of different combinations of learning rate and batch size. For the best combination, we compared the performance of models trained with and without automatic augmentation using 10-fold cross-validation. We used GradCAM to increase explainability, which can provide heat maps containing the salient areas relevant for the classification. The best combination of hyperparameters yielded a model with an accuracy of 0.63-0.64, F1-score 0.61-0.62, sensitivity 0.59-0.65, and specificity 0.80-0.81. For all metrics, it was apparent that there was an ideal corridor of batch size and learning rate combinations; smaller learning rates were associated with higher classification performance. Overall, the performance was highest for learning rates of around 1-3 x 10(-6) and a batch size of eight, respectively. Additional automatic augmentation improved all metrics by 5-10% for all metrics. Misclassifications were most common between Angle classes I and II. GradCAM showed that the models employed features relevant for human classification, too. The choice of hyperparameters drastically affected the performance of deep learning models in orthodontics, and automatic image augmentation resulted in further improvements. Our models managed to classify the dental sagittal occlusion along Angle classes based on digital intraoral photos.
title: Barth, Erich
title: Catalogus Professorum Halensis
titleType: Subtitle
title: Biografienportal Sachsen-Anhalt
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Catalogus Professorum Halensis
name: Eberle, Henrik
Publisher: name: Historisches Datenzentrum Sachsen-Anhalt,Institut für Landesgeschichte (Sachsen-Anhalt)
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: History
classificationCode: 4023025-9
subject: Halle (Saale)
valueUri: https://d-nb.info/gnd/4023025-9
classificationCode: 4006804-3
subject: Biografie
valueUri: https://d-nb.info/gnd/4006804-3
classificationCode: 4166546-6
subject: Landesgeschichte
valueUri: https://d-nb.info/gnd/4166546-6
classificationCode: 4051181-9
subject: Sachsen-Anhalt
valueUri: https://d-nb.info/gnd/4051181-9
classificationCode: 1048495779
subject: Universität Halle (Saale) | Halle (Saale)
valueUri: https://d-nb.info/gnd/1048495779
classificationCode: 2024276-1
subject: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg | Halle (Saale); Wittenberg
valueUri: https://d-nb.info/gnd/2024276-1
classificationCode: 4020517-4
subject: Geschichte
valueUri: https://d-nb.info/gnd/4020517-4
classificationCode: 7504326-9
subject: Universitätsgeschichte
valueUri: https://d-nb.info/gnd/7504326-9
classificationCode: 7504427-4
subject: Wissenschaftsgeschichte
valueUri: https://d-nb.info/gnd/7504427-4
subject: Biografienportal Sachsen-Anhalt
subject: Catalogus Professorum Halensis
classificationCode: 120134756
subject: Eberle, Henrik | 1970– | Historiker
valueUri: https://d-nb.info/gnd/120134756
classificationCode: 1336990414
subject: Barth, Erich | 1897–1931 | Arzt; Dozent
valueUri: https://d-nb.info/gnd/1336990414

description: Das Biografienportal Sachsen-Anhalt versammelt in Erst- und Zweitveröffentlichung oder zu Zwecken der Langzeitarchivierung Biografien von Menschen aus und in Sachsen-Anhalt. Integriert wurde der Catalogus Professorum Halensis, der durch Mitarbeitende des Instituts für Geschichte der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg entstand. Dabei handelt es sich um ein bio-bibliografisches Online-Lexikon zu den Professoren der Universität Halle zwischen 1694 und 1968. Die Texte wurden vor allem von Henrik Eberle und anderen Mitarbeitenden zwischen 2005 und 2010 recherchiert und erstellt. Etliche Artikel zum Zeitraum 1694 bis 1817 verfasste Julia Schopferer. Bei der Überführung in das Biografienportal wurden die Lebensangaben neu recherchiert und Metadaten über Verfahren des Named Entity Recogniton erschlossen. Automatisiert erkannt wurden Personennamen, Ortsbezeichnungen und Körperschaften, die in der hier vorhandenen RTF-Datei indexiert vorliegt. Zudem wurden diese mit GND-Einträgen abgeglichen. Weiterhin erfolgte ein Abgleich mit der „Ontologie der historischen, deutschsprachigen Amts- und Berufsbezeichnungen“. Die Texte liegen im Jahr 2024 in zweifacher Ausgabe im Catalogus Professorum Halensis des Universitätsarchivs und des Biografienportals des Historischen Datenzentrums Sachsen-Anhalts vor. Sie werden hier für die Langzeitarchivierung der ursprünglichen Fassung archiviert.
description: https://www.catalogus-professorum-halensis.de/
description: Biografienportal Sachsen-Anhalt: https://www.histdata.uni-halle.de/
Characteristics of X;22 unbalanced translocation in carriers with medical context described: a scoping review.
Creators: name: Siqueira, Monique Banik
name: Rafaella Mergener
name: Böttcher, Ana Kalise
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: X;22
subject: cytogenetic abnormalities
subject: genetic
subject: t(X;22)
subject: translocation

description: What are the characteristics of X;22 unbalanced translocation in carriers with medical context described?
A user-customized self-paced brain computer interface
Creators: name: Bashashati, Hossein
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Much attention has been directed towards synchronous Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs). For these BCIs, the user can only operate the system during specific system-defined periods. Self-paced BCIs, however, allow users to operate the system at any time he/she wishes. The classification of Electroencephalography (EEG) signals in self-paced BCIs is extremely challenging, as the BCI system does not have any clue about the start time of a control task. Also, the data contains a large number of periods during which the user has no intention to control the BCI. For sensory motor self-paced BCIs (focus of this thesis), the brain of a user goes through several well-defined internal state changes while performing a mental task. Designing classifiers that exploit such temporal correlations in EEG data can enhance the performance of BCIs. It is also important to customize these BCIs for each user, because the brain characteristics of different people are not the same. In this thesis, we first develop a unified comparison framework to compare the performance of different classifiers in sensory motor BCIs followed by rigorous statistical tests. This study is the largest of its kind as it has been performed on 29 subjects of synchronous and self-paced BCIs. We then develop a Bayesian optimization-based strategy that automatically customizes a synchronous BCI based on the brain characteristics of each individual subject. Our results show that our automated algorithm (which relies on less sophisticated feature extraction and classification methods) yields similar or superior results compared to the best performing designs in the literature. We then propose an algorithm that can capture the time dynamics of the EEG signal for self-paced BCI systems. We show that this algorithm yields better results compared to several well-known algorithms, over 13 self-paced BCI subjects. Finally, we propose a fully automatic, scalable algorithm that customizes a self-paced BCI system based on the brain characteristics of each user and at the same time captures the dynamics of the EEG signal. Our final algorithm is an important step towards transitioning BCIs from research environments to real-life applications, where automatic, scalable and easy to use systems are needed.
Letter from Frederick P. Keppel to Gunnar Myrdal, October 27, 1937
Creators: name: Keppel, Frederick P. (Frederick Paul), 1875-1943
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Race relations
African Americans--Social conditions
Endowments

description: In this letter, Frederick P. Keppel writes to Gunnar Myrdal in answer to Myrdal's October 7 letter accepting the position of director of the Carnegie Corporation's comprehensive study on African American social conditions, discussing living and travel expenses and confirming that Myrdal can bring his family and colleague Richard Sterner along with him from Sweden.
Semi-device-independent security of one-way quantum key distribution
Creators: name: Pawlowski, Marcin
name: Brunner, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By testing nonlocality, the security of entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) can be enhanced to being 'device-independent'. Here we ask whether such a strong form of security could also be established for one-way (prepare and measure) QKD. While fully device-independent security is impossible, we show that security can be guaranteed against individual attacks in a semi-device-independent scenario. In the latter, the devices used by the trusted parties are non-characterized, but the dimensionality of the quantum systems used in the protocol is assumed to be bounded. Our security proof relies on the analogies between one-way QKD, dimension witnesses and random-access codes.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Matrix multiplication using quantum-dot cellular automata to implement conventional microelectronics
Creators: name: Wood, Joshua D.
name: Tougaw, P. Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) shows promise as a post silicon CMOS, low power computational technology. Nevertheless, to generalize QCA for next-generation digital devices, the ability to implement conventional programmable circuits based on NOR, AND, and OR gates is necessary. To this end, we devise a new QCA structure, the QCA matrix multiplier (MM), employing the standard Coulomb blocked, five quantum dot (QD) QCA cell and quasi-adiabatic switching for sequential data latching in the QCA cells. Our structure can multiply two N x M matrices, using one input and one bidirectional input/output data line. The calculation is highly parallelizable, and it is possible to achieve reduced calculation time in exchange for increasing numbers of parallel matrix multiplier units. We show convergent, ab initio simulation results using the Intercellular Hartree Approximation for one, three, and nine matrix multiplier units. The structure can generally implement any programmable logic array (PLA) or any matrix multiplication based operation.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, supplemental information
Slepton co-NLSPs at the Tevatron
Creators: name: Ruderman, Joshua T.
name: Shih, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Tevatron signatures of promptly-decaying slepton co-NLSPs in the context of General Gauge Mediation (GGM). The signatures consist of trileptons plus MET and same-sign dileptons plus MET. Focusing first on electroweak production, where the Tevatron has an advantage over the early LHC, we establish four simple benchmark scenarios within the parameter space of GGM which qualitatively capture all the relevant phenomenology. We derive limits on these benchmarks from existing searches, estimate the discovery potential with 10 fb^-1, and discuss ways in which these searches can be optimized for slepton co-NLSPs. We also analyze the Tevatron constraints on a scenario with light gluinos that could be discovered at the early LHC. Overall, we find that the Tevatron still has excellent reach for the discovery of SUSY in multilepton final states. Finally, we comment on the possible interpretation of a mild "excess" in the CDF same-sign dilepton search in terms of slepton co-NLSPs.
description: 31 pages + appendices, published version, references added
Typhlodromips theobromae Souza, Oliveira & Gondim Jr. 2010
Creators: name: Argolo, Poliane Sá
name: Vital Santos, Renata M.
name: Leão Bittencourt, Maria A.
name: Da Silva Noronha, Aloyséia C.
name: De Moraes, Gilberto J.
name: Oliveira, Anibal Ramadan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Typhlodromips
Typhlodromips theobromae

description: Typhlodromips theobromae Souza, Oliveira & Gondim Jr., 2010
 Specimens examined. UESC, Z. spectabile, September 2007 (5 females).
description: Published as part of Argolo, Poliane Sá, Vital Santos, Renata M., Leão Bittencourt, Maria A., Da Silva Noronha, Aloyséia C., De Moraes, Gilberto J. & Oliveira, Anibal Ramadan, 2017, Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) associated with tropical ornamental plants, with a checklist and a key to the species of Bahia, Brazil, pp. 345-364 in Zootaxa 4258 (4) on page 348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/570106
Scale-dependent non-Gaussianities in the WMAP data as identified by using surrogates and scaling indices
Creators: name: Raeth, C.
name: Banday, A. J.
name: Rossmanith, G.
name: Modest, H.
name: Suetterlin, R.
name: Gorski, K. M.
name: Delabrouille, J.
name: Morfill, G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model-independent investigation of the WMAP data with respect to scale- dependent non-Gaussianities (NGs) by employing the method of constrained randomization. For generating so-called surrogate maps a shuffling scheme is applied to the Fourier phases of the original data, which allows to test for the presence of higher order correlations (HOCs) on well-defined scales. Using scaling indices as test statistics we find highly significant signatures for non-Gaussianities when considering all scales. We test for NGs in the bands l = [2,20], l = [20,60], l = [60,120] and l = [120,300]. We find highly significant signatures for non-Gaussianities and ecliptic hemispherical asymmetries for l = [2, 20]. We also obtain highly significant deviations from Gaussianity for the band l = [120,300]. The result for the full l-range can be interpreted as a superposition of the signatures found in the bands l = [2, 20] and l = [120, 300]. We find remarkably similar results when analyzing different ILC-like maps. We perform a set of tests to investigate if the detected anomalies can be explained by systematics. While no test can convincingly rule out the intrinsic nature of the anomalies for the low l case, the ILC map making procedure and/or residual noise in the maps can also lead to NGs at small scales. Our investigations prove that there are phase correlations in the WMAP data of the CMB. In the absence of an explanation in terms of Galactic foregrounds or known systematic artefacts, the signatures at low l must so far be taken to be cosmological at high significance. These findings strongly disagree with predictions of isotropic cosmologies with single field slow roll inflation. The task is now to elucidate the origin of the phase correlations and to understand the physical processes leading to these scale-dependent non-Gaussianities - if systematics as cause for them must be ruled out.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, matches MNRAS accepted version
Polished yet impersonal: The unintended consequences of writing your emails with AI
Creators: name: von Richthofen, Georg
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: AI
AI at work
future of work
Generative AI

description: People increasingly use AI to write their emails at work. AI can help us write them faster, clearer and more politely, while saving time and energy for more essential tasks. But what are the unintended consequences of AI-mediated communication? As more professionals at all levels, from CEOs to interns, rely on AI to handle their emails, what happens to the way we think, connect, and express ourselves? Are we outsourcing more than just words?
The X-Shooter Lens Survey - I. Dark-Matter Domination and a Salpeter-type IMF in a Massive Early-type Galaxy
Creators: name: Spiniello, C.
name: Koopmans, L. V. E.
name: Trager, S. C.
name: Czoske, O.
name: Treu, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first results from the X-shooter Lens Survey (XLENS): an analysis of the massive early-type galaxy SDSS J1148+1930 at redshift z=0.444. We combine its extended kinematic profile -derived from spectra obtained with X-shooter on the ESO VLT- with strong gravitational lensing and multi-color information derived from SDSS images. Our main results are (i) The luminosity-weighted stellar velocity dispersion is σ*(= 3 (with dN/dM \propto M^(-α)) -such as that recently suggested for massive ETGs- are excluded at the > 90 % C.L. and in some cases violate the total lensing-derived mass limit. We conclude that this very massive ETG is dark-matter dominated inside one effective radius, consistent with the trend recently found from massive SLACS galaxies, with a IMF normalization consistent with Salpeter.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication on MNRAS
Long duration gamma-ray bursts: hydrodynamic instabilities in collapsar disks
Creators: name: Taylor, Paul A.
name: Miller, John C.
name: Podsiadlowski, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 3D numerical simulations of the early evolution of long-duration gamma-ray bursts in the collapsar scenario. Starting from the core-collapse of a realistic progenitor model, we follow the formation and evolution of a central black hole and centrifugally balanced disk. The dense, hot accretion disk produces freely-escaping neutrinos and is hydrodynamically unstable to clumping and to forming non-axisymmetric (m=1, 2) modes. We show that these spiral structures, which form on dynamical timescales, can efficiently transfer angular momentum outward and can drive the high required accretion rates (>=0.1-1 M_sun) for producing a jet. We utilise the smoothed particle hydrodynamics code, Gadget-2, modified to implement relevant microphysics, such as cooling by neutrinos, a plausible treatment approximating the central object and relativistic effects. Finally, we discuss implications of this scenario as a source of energy to produce relativistically beamed gamma-ray jets.
description: accepted by MNRAS; 32 pages, 46 figures
Survey of Oka theory
Creators: name: Forstneric, Franc
name: Larusson, Finnur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 32E10. Secondary 18G55, 32E30, 32H02, 32Q28, 55U35

description: Oka theory has its roots in the classical Oka principle in complex analysis. It has emerged as a subfield of complex geometry in its own right since the appearance of a seminal paper of M. Gromov in 1989. Following a brief review of Stein manifolds, we discuss the recently introduced category of Oka manifolds and Oka maps. We consider geometric sufficient conditions for being Oka, the most important of which is ellipticity, introduced by Gromov. We explain how Oka manifolds and maps naturally fit into an abstract homotopy-theoretic framework. We describe recent applications and some key open problems. This article is a much expanded version of the lecture given by the first-named author at the conference RAFROT 2010 in Rincon, Puerto Rico, on March 22, 2010, and of a brief survey article by the second-named author in Notices Amer. Math. Soc., January 2010.
description: Several minor improvements in version 2. Bibliography improved in version 3. To appear in New York Journal of Mathematics
Extended reality and cultural heritage: a bridge between preservation and the future
Creators: name: Dal Col, Alessandro
name: Comand, Nicola
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: 3Dlab-Sicilia
Turismo 4.0
Virtual Reality
Augmented Reality
Mixed Reality

description: Presentazione fatta alla conferenza VISMAC 2020.
Long-Distance Dominance of the CP Asymmetry in B->X_{s,d}+gamma Decays
Creators: name: Benzke, Michael
name: Lee, Seung J.
name: Neubert, Matthias
name: Paz, Gil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that in the Standard Model the parametrically leading (by a factor 1/alpha_s) contribution to the inclusive CP asymmetry in B->X_{s,d}+gamma decays arises from a long-distance effect in the interference of the electromagnetic dipole amplitude with the amplitude for an up-quark penguin transition accompanied by soft gluon emission. This contribution is governed by a single hadronic parameter Lambda_{17}^u related to a matrix elements of a non-local operator. In view of current experimental data, a future precision measurement of the flavor-averaged CP asymmetry in B->X_s+gamma will signal the presence of new physics only if a value below -2% is found. A cleaner probe of new physics is offered by the difference of the CP asymmetries in charged versus neutral B-meson decays.
description: 4 pages
Radiogram from Frederick P. Keppel to Gunnar Myrdal, October
Creators: name: Keppel, Frederick P. (Frederick Paul), 1875-1943
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Race relations
African Americans--Social conditions
Endowments

description: In this radiogram, Frederick P. Keppel writes to Gunnar Myrdal to express his delight that Myrdal has reconsidered and accepted the Carnegie Corporation's offer to direct its comprehensive study on African American social conditions.
Characterization of the QUartz Photon Intensifying Detector (QUPID) for Noble Liquid Detectors
Creators: name: Teymourian, A.
name: Aharoni, D.
name: Baudis, L.
name: Beltrame, P.
name: Brown, E.
name: Cline, D.
name: Ferella, A. D.
name: Fukasawa, A.
name: Lam, C. W.
name: Lim, T.
name: Lung, K.
name: Meng, Y.
name: Muramatsu, S.
name: Pantic, E.
name: Suyama, M.
name: Wang, H.
name: Arisaka, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark Matter and Double Beta Decay experiments require extremely low radioactivity within the detector materials. For this purpose, the University of California, Los Angeles and Hamamatsu Photonics have developed the QUartz Photon Intensifying Detector (QUPID), an ultra-low background photodetector based on the Hybrid Avalanche Photo Diode (HAPD) and entirely made of ultraclean synthetic fused silica. In this work we present the basic concept of the QUPID and the testing measurements on QUPIDs from the first production line. Screening of radioactivity at the Gator facility in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso has shown that the QUPIDs safely fulfill the low radioactive contamination requirements for the next generation zero background experiments set by Monte Carlo simulations. The quantum efficiency of the QUPID at room temperature is > 30% at the xenon scintillation wavelength. At low temperatures, the QUPID shows a leakage current less than 1 nA and a global gain of 10^5. In these conditions, the photocathode and the anode show > 95% linearity up to 1 uA for the cathode and 3 mA for the anode. The photocathode and collection efficiency are uniform to 80% over the entire surface. In parallel with single photon counting capabilities, the QUPIDs have a good timing response: 1.8 +/- 0.1 ns rise time, 2.5 +/- 0.2 ns fall time, 4.20 +/- 0.05 ns pulse width, and 160 +/- 30 ps transit time spread. The QUPIDs have also been tested in a liquid xenon environment, and scintillation light from 57Co and 210Po radioactive sources were observed.
description: 15 pages, 22 figures
The nuclear liquid-gas phase transition at large $N_c$ in the Van der Waals approximation
Creators: name: Torrieri, Giorgio
name: Mishustin, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the nuclear liquid-gas phase transition at large number of colors ($N_c$) within the framework of the Van Der Waals (VdW) model. We argue that the VdW equation is appropriate at describing inter-nucleon forces, and discuss how each parameter scales with $N_c$. We demonstrate that $N_c=3$ (our world) is not large with respect to the other dimensionless scale relevant to baryonic matter, the number of neighbors in a dense system $N_N$. Consequently, we show that the liquid-gas phase transition looks dramatically different at $N_c \to \infty$ with respect of our world: The critical point temperature becomes of the order of $\lqcd$ rather than below it. The critical point density becomes of the order of the baryonic density, rather than an order of magnitude below it. These are precisely the characteristics usually associated with the "Quarkyonic phase". We therefore conjecture that quarkyonic matter is simply the large $N_c$ limit of the nuclear liquid, and the interplay between $N_c$ and $N_N$ is the reason why the nuclear liquid in our world is so different from quarkyonic matter. We conclude by suggesting ways our conjecture can be tested in future lattice measurements.
description: Version accepted for publication, Phys.Rev.C
Cosmic Ray-Dominated AGN Jets and the Formation of X-ray Cavities in Galaxy Clusters
Creators: name: Guo, Fulai
name: Mathews, William G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is widely accepted that feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN) plays a key role in the evolution of gas in groups and clusters of galaxies. Unequivocal evidence comes from quasi-spherical X-ray cavities observed near cluster centers having sizes ranging from a few to tens of kpc, some containing radio emission. Cavities apparently evolve from the interaction of AGN jets with the intracluster medium (ICM). However, in numerical simulations it has been difficult to create such fat cavities from narrow jets. Ultra-hot thermal jets dominated by kinetic energy typically penetrate deep into the ICM, forming radially elongated cavities at large radii unlike those observed. Here, we study very light jets dominated energetically by relativistic cosmic rays (CRs) with axisymmetric hydrodynamic simulations, investigating the jet evolution both when they are active and when they are later turned off. We find that, when the thermal gas density in a CR-dominated jet is sufficiently low, the jet has a correspondingly low inertia, and thus decelerates quickly in the ICM. Furthermore, CR pressure causes the jet to expand laterally, encounter and displace more decelerating ICM gas, naturally producing fat cavities near cluster centers similar to those observed. Our calculations of cavity formation imply that AGN jets responsible for creating fat X-ray cavities (radio bubbles) are very light, and dominated by CRs. This scenario is consistent with radio observations of Fanaroff-Riley I jets that appear to decelerate rapidly, produce strong synchrotron emission and expand typically at distances of a few kpc from the central AGN.
description: Slightly revised version, accepted for publication in ApJ. 9 pages, 8 figures
Group of Graduates on Stage
Creators: name: Kelsey, Carleton
name: Amagansett Historical Association
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1957
Subjects: Photographs
Girls
Dresses
Clothing & dress
Boys
Graduate students
Graduation ceremonies
Stages (Platforms)

description: This image shows a group of 12 young girls in white dresses and seven boys in suit jackets seated on a stage. This is the Amagansett Grade School Graduation Ceremony of 1957. This photograph was either taken or collected by Amagansett historian and librarian Carleton Kelsey.
description: This photograph is part of the collection of the Carleton Kelsey Collection of the Amagansett Historical Association. Kelsey was a local historian and librarian who collected photographs from others to add to the many photographs he took of the community himself.
Radiogram from Gunnar Myrdal to Frederick P. Keppel, October 5, 1937
Creators: name: Myrdal, Gunnar, 1898-1987
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Race relations
African Americans--Social conditions
Endowments

description: In this radiogram, Gunnar Myrdal writes to Frederick P. Keppel to tell Keppel he has had a change of heart regarding the Carnegie Corporation's August 30th offer to direct its study on African American social conditions following a conversation with Beardsley Ruml.
Analysis of the X(1835) and related baryonium states with Bethe-Salpeter equation
Creators: name: Wang, Zhi-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we study the mass spectrum of the baryon-antibaryon bound states $p\bar{p}$, $Σ\barΣ$, $Ξ\barΞ$, $Λ\barΛ$, $p\bar{N}(1440)$, $Σ\barΣ(1660)$, $Ξ\barΞ^\prime$ and $Λ\barΛ(1600)$ with the Bethe-Salpeter equation. The numerical results indicate that the $p\bar{p}$, $Σ\barΣ$, $Ξ\barΞ$, $p\bar{N}(1440)$, $Σ\barΣ(1660)$, $Ξ\barΞ^\prime$ bound states maybe exist, and the new resonances X(1835) and X(2370) can be tentatively identified as the $p\bar{p}$ and $p\bar{N}(1440)$ (or $N(1400)\bar{p}$) bound states respectively with some gluon constituents, and the new resonance X(2120) may be a pseudoscalar glueball. On the other hand, the Regge trajectory favors identifying the X(1835), X(2120) and X(2370) as the excited $η^\prime(958)$ mesons with the radial quantum numbers $n=3$, 4 and 5, respectively.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures, revise a number
The Discrete Composite Higgs Model
Creators: name: Panico, Giuliano
name: Wulzer, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a concrete, predictive incarnation of the general paradigm of a composite Higgs boson, which provides a valid alternative to the standard holographic models in five space-time dimensions. Differently from the latter, our model is four-dimensional and simple enough to be implemented in an event generator for collider studies. The model is inspired by dimensional deconstruction and hence it retains useful features of the five-dimensional scenario, in particular, the Higgs potential is finite and calculable. Therefore our setup, in spite of being simple, provides a complete description of the composite Higgs physics. After constructing the model we present a first analysis of its phenomenology, focusing on the structure of the Higgs potential, on the constraints from the EWPT and on the spectrum of the new particles.
description: 42 pages, 10 figures; v2: minor changes and references added; v3: version published in JHEP
Polynomial sequences for bond percolation critical thresholds
Creators: name: Scullard, Christian R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, I compute the inhomogeneous (multi-probability) bond critical surfaces for the (4,6,12) and (3^4,6) lattices using the linearity approximation described in (Scullard and Ziff, J. Stat. Mech. P03021), implemented as a branching process of lattices. I find the estimates for the bond percolation thresholds, p_c(4,6,12)=0.69377849... and p_c(3^4,6)=0.43437077..., compared with Parviainen's numerical results of p_c \approx 0.69373383 and p_c \approx 0.43430621 . These deviations are of the order 10^{-5}, as is standard for this method, although they are outside Parviainen's typical standard error of 10^{-7}. Deriving thresholds in this way for a given lattice leads to a polynomial with integer coefficients, the root in [0,1] of which gives the estimate for the bond threshold. I show how the method can be refined, leading to a sequence of higher order polynomials making predictions that likely converge to the exact answer. Finally, I discuss how this fact hints that for certain graphs, such as the kagome lattice, the exact bond threshold may not be the root of any polynomial with integer coefficients.
description: submitted to Journal of Statistical Mechanics
Analysis of the D+ --> K- pi+ e+ nu_e decay channel
Creators: name: The BABAR Collaboration
name: Sanchez, P. del Amo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using 347.5 fb-1 of data recorded by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II electron-positron collider, 244*10^3 signal events for the D+ --> K- pi+ e+ nu_e decay channel are analyzed. This decay mode is dominated by the \bar{K}^*(892)^0 contribution. We determine the \bar{K}^*(892)^0 parameters: m_{K^*(892)^0}=(895.4 +- 0.2 +- 0.2) MeV/c^{2}, Γ^0_{K^*(892)^0}=(46.5 +- 0.3 +- 0.2) MeV/c^{2} and the Blatt-Weisskopf parameter $r_{BW}=2.1 +- 0.5 +- 0.5 (GeV/c)^{-1} where the first uncertainty comes from statistics and the second from systematic uncertainties. We also measure the parameters defining the corresponding hadronic form factors at q^{2}=0 (r_{V} = V(0) / A_{1}(0)=1.463 +- 0.017 +- 0.031, r_{2} = A_{2}(0) / A_{1}(0) = 0.801 +- 0.020 +- 0.020) and the value of the axial-vector pole mass parameterizing the q^2 variation of A_{1} and A_{2}: m_{A}=(2.63 +- 0.10 +- 0.13) GeV/c^{2}. The S-wave fraction is equal to (5.79 +- 0.16 +- 0.15)%. Other signal components correspond to fractions below 1%. Using the D+ --> K- pi+ pi+ channel as a normalization, we measure the D+ semileptonic branching fraction: BR(D+ --> K- pi+ e+ nu_e) = (4.04 +- 0.03 +- 0.04 +- 0.09) \times 10^{-2} where the third uncertainty comes from external inputs. We then obtain the value of the hadronic form factor A_1 at q^{2}=0: A_{1}(0) = 0.6226 +- 0.0056 +- 0.0065 +- 0.0074. Fixing the P-wave parameters we measure the phase of the S-wave for several values of the Kpi mass. These results confirm those obtained with Kpi production at small momentum transfer in fixed target experiments.
description: 38 pages, 27 postscript figures, published by Phys. Rev. D
Black Strings, Low Viscosity Fluids, and Violation of Cosmic Censorship
Creators: name: Lehner, Luis
name: Pretorius, Frans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the behavior of 5-dimensional black strings, subject to the Gregory-Laflamme instability. Beyond the linear level, the evolving strings exhibit a rich dynamics, where at intermediate stages the horizon can be described as a sequence of 3-dimensional spherical black holes joined by black string segments. These segments are themselves subject to a Gregory-Laflamme instability, resulting in a self-similar cascade, where ever-smaller satellite black holes form connected by ever-thinner string segments. This behavior is akin to satellite formation in low-viscosity fluid streams subject to the Rayleigh-Plateau instability. The simulation results imply that the string segments will reach zero radius in finite asymptotic time, whence the classical space-time terminates in a naked singularity. Since no fine-tuning is required to excite the instability, this constitutes a generic violation of cosmic censorship.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures (replaced with version similar to journal article, and fixed a typo in eq.1)