cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Antiretroviral therapy initiation and retention among clients who received peer-delivered linkage case management and standard linkage services, Eswatini, 2016–2020: retrospective comparative cohort study
Creators: name: MacKellar, Duncan
name: Hlophe, Thabo
name: Ujamaa, Dawud
name: Pals, Sherri
name: Dlamini, Makhosazana
name: Dube, Lenhle
name: Suraratdecha, Chutima
name: Williams, Daniel
name: Byrd, Johnita
name: Tobias, James
name: Mndzebele, Phumzile
name: Behel, Stephanie
name: Pathmanathan, Ishani
name: Mazibuko, Sikhathele
name: Tilahun, Endale
name: Ryan, Caroline
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. CommLink and SLS urban and rural sample sizes. Table S2. CommLink barriers form. Table S3. Study data abstraction form. Table S4. SAS-based Search Algorithm. Table S5. Study referral and ART facilities
Additional file 1 of The effect of continuous intercostal nerve block vs. single shot on analgesic outcomes and hospital stays in minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery: a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Yao, Youxiu
name: Xu, Mao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Estimated and forecasted trends in domain specific time-use and energy expenditure among adults in Russia
Creators: name: Dearth-Wesley, Tracy
name: Ng, Shu
name: Popkin, Barry M
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BackgroundExamination of historical trends and projections in estimated energy expenditure in Russia is important given the country’s economic downturns and growth.MethodsNationally representative data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) from 1995–2011 was used to determine the metabolic equivalents of task (MET)-hours per week from occupational, domestic, travel, and active leisure physical activity (PA) domains, as well as sedentary leisure time (hours per week) among adults 18–60years. Additionally, we projected what these values would be like in 2020 and 2030 if observed trends continue.ResultsAmong male adults, the largest contributor to total PA was occupational PA followed by travel PA. In contrast, domestic PA followed by occupational PA contributed most to total PA among female adults. Total PA was 282.9 MET-hours per week in 1995 and declined to 231.7 in 2011. Total PA is projected to decrease to 216.5 MET-hours per week in 2020 and to 193.0 MET-hours per week in 2030. The greatest relative declines are occurring in travel PA. Female adults are also exhibiting significant declines in domestic PA. Changes in occupational and active leisure PA are less distinct.ConclusionsPolicies and initiatives are needed to counteract the long-term decline of overall physical activity linked with a modernizing lifestyle and economy among Russian adults.
Re-addressing the Window: Environmental Performance of Adaptive Fenestrations for Indian Climate
Creators: name: Khan, Sharmeen
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2020
Subjects: Window systems, adaptive tool, building elements, natural ventilation, passive strategies

description: The primary function of building fenestrations known to humankind is to provide daylight, fresh air and view. However, with the emergence of mechanical systems, the purpose of space heating and cooling, ventilation and lighting are widely fulfilled artificially. The comprehensive focus of this research is to investigate the role and evolution of windows to date, the factors that have influenced them, its effect on human psychology and their contribution in creating better living spaces. The Indian government’s scheme of constructing 20 million homes by 2022 and about 15% rise in the use of air conditioning per year in the urban and rural parts of India can be directly associated with the persistent shortage in electricity supply which has led to power cuts of about 16 hours per day in mostly the rural areas of the country and especially during the summer months (National Building Organization, 2016), (The Hindu, 2013; Wolfram, 2012). Hence, it is of specific importance to undertake this research to understand how windows have evolved and what their role in the future might be, especially in relation to design and the attainment of comfort. This research will contribute by portraying ‘window’ as an adaptive tool since they have the potential to create diversity, flexibility and social interaction on along with providing thermal and visual comfort for its users. This will be achieved by examining and readdressing passive design elements prevalent in the traditional Indian buildings, by documenting the current trend in window design and user preference, and by testing the documented windows through computational analysis to understand their impact on the thermal comfort in a modern residential unit setting. The final outcomes of this study that were achieved through fieldwork and performance analysis strongly demonstrated the significance of windows in improving the indoor thermal comfort. Moreover, the simulations ascertained that the contribution of windows was more substantial when they were a part of a holistic design intervene on that took into consideration on window design, building materials, building form and orientation, building techniques, climactic conditions, surrounding context and application of appropriate environmental controls.
Limit cycles for dynamic crawling locomotors with periodic prescribed shape
Creators: name: Gidoni, Paolo
name: Margheri, Alessandro
name: Rebelo, Carlota
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the asymptotic behaviour of a family of dynamic models of crawling locomotion, with the aim of characterizing a gait as a limit property. The locomotors, which might have a discrete or continuous body, move on a line with a periodic prescribed shape change, and might possibly be subject to external forcing (e.g., crawling on a slope). We discuss how their behaviour is affected by different types of friction forces, including also set-valued ones such as dry friction. We show that, under mild natural assumptions, the dynamics always converge to a relative periodic solution. The asymptotic average velocity of the crawler yet might still depend on its initial state, so we provide additional assumption for its uniqueness. In particular, we show that the asymptotic average velocity is unique both for strictly monotone friction forces, and also for dry friction, provided in the latter case that the actuation is sufficiently smooth (for discrete models) or that the friction coefficients are always nonzero (for continuous models). We present several examples and counterexamples illustrating the necessity of our assumptions.
Additional file 1 of Improving on estimates of the potential relative harm to health from using modern ENDS (vaping) compared to tobacco smoking
Creators: name: Wilson, Nick
name: Summers, Jennifer A.
name: Ait Ouakrim, Driss
name: Hoek, Janet
name: Edwards, Richard
name: Blakely, Tony
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Information for: “Improving on estimates of the relative harm to health from using modern ENDS (vaping) compared to tobacco smoking”
Additional file 1 of miR-3189-targeted GLUT3 repression by HDAC2 knockdown inhibits glioblastoma tumorigenesis through regulating glucose metabolism and proliferation
Creators: name: Kwak, Sungmin
name: Park, Seung-Ho
name: Kim, Sung-Hak
name: Sung, Gi-Jun
name: Song, Ji-Hye
name: Jeong, Ji-Hoon
name: Kim, Hyunhee
name: Ha, Chang Hoon
name: Kim, Seong Who
name: Choi, Kyung-Chul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Fig. 1. A Expression of Class 1 HDAC Genes and Proteins in GBM cells. GBM cells were extracted in lysis buffer, and cell lysates were analyzed using western blot analysis with class I HDAC antibodies (HDAC1, 2, 3 and 8). B Quantification of protein level of class I HDAC expression. Densitometric quantification of protein signals was quantified by ImageJ (Java 1.8.0_112, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA), and the level of protein expression was normalized to β-actin. Data represent the means ± SD from three independent experiments. C Lentiviral infection of HDAC2 shRNA in GBM cells. A172 and U87MG cells were incubated for 6 days post-infection prior to measurement of cell viability by using MTT assay. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD for triplicates. D Class I HDAC siRNA was transfected into GBM cells. Cell lysates were analyzed by western blot using the indicated antibodies. E Class I HDAC siRNA was transfected into GBM and normal brain cells. SVGp12 and GBM cells were incubated for 48 h. Cell viability was measured via MTT assay. F qRT-PCR analysis and Immunoblot analysis of HDAC2 and GLUT3 expression in control GBM cells and HDAC2KD GBM cells upon doxycycline treatment. G IF in DOX-inducible shcontrol GBM cells and DOX-inducible shHDAC2 GBM cells upon doxycycline treatment (2.5 μg/ml) (DAPI: blue and FITC-HDAC2: green). Scale bar: 100 μm. H Luciferase reporter activities of DOX-inducible control and DOX-inducible shHDAC2 GBM cells (Upper: U87MG and Bottom: A172) with doxycycline. Cells were transiently transfected with reporter pGL3-Luc or pGL3-Puma-Luc plasmids. Dual luciferase activity was measured (420 nm) in cell lysates. Reporter activities were normalized relative to Renilla luciferase activities. I Cell viability of DOX-inducible shcontrol and DOX-inducible shHDAC2 GBM cells (Left: U87MG and Right: A172). GBM cells upon doxycycline treatment were measured in the presence or absence of Romidepsin by using WST-8 assay. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD from three independent experiments, each performed in triplicate. ***p
Parenting around child snacking: development of a theoretically-guided, empirically informed conceptual model
Creators: name: Blake, Christine E.
name: Vaughn, Amber E
name: Davison, Kirsten K.
name: Younginer, Nicholas A.
name: Fisher, Jennifer O.
name: Bruton, Yasmeen P.
name: Ganter, Claudia
name: Hamtil, Heather A.
name: Orloski, Alexandria
name: Blaine, Rachel E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundSnacking contributes to excessive energy intakes in children. Yet factors shaping child snacking are virtually unstudied. This study examines food parenting practices specific to child snacking among low-income caregivers.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted in English or Spanish with 60 low-income caregivers of preschool-aged children (18 non-Hispanic white, 22 African American/Black, 20 Hispanic; 92% mothers). A structured interview guide was used to solicit caregivers’ definitions of snacking and strategies they use to decide what, when and how much snack their child eats. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using an iterative theory-based and grounded approach. A conceptual model of food parenting specific to child snacking was developed to summarize the findings and inform future research.ResultsCaregivers’ descriptions of food parenting practices specific to child snacking were consistent with previous models of food parenting developed based on expert opinion [1, 2]. A few noteworthy differences however emerged. More than half of participants mentioned permissive feeding approaches (e.g., my child is the boss when it comes to snacks). As a result, permissive feeding was included as a higher order feeding dimension in the resulting model. In addition, a number of novel feeding approaches specific to child snacking emerged including child-centered provision of snacks (i.e., responding to a child’s hunger cues when making decisions about snacks), parent unilateral decision making (i.e., making decisions about a child’s snacks without any input from the child), and excessive monitoring of snacks (i.e., monitoring all snacks provided to and consumed by the child). The resulting conceptual model includes four higher order feeding dimensions including autonomy support, coercive control, structure and permissiveness and 20 sub-dimensions. Conclusions: This study formulates a language around food parenting practices specific to child snacking, identifies dominant constructs, and proposes a conceptual framework to guide future research.
Physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns using accelerometry from a national sample of United States adults
Creators: name: Herring, Amy H
name: Metzger, Jesse S
name: Wen, Fang
name: Evenson, Kelly R
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundThis study described the patterns of accelerometer-determined physical activity and sedentary behavior among adults using a nationally representative sample from the United States.MethodsUsing 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, 7931 adults at least 18years old wore an ActiGraph accelerometer for one week, providing at least 3days of wear for >=8hours/day. Cutpoints defined moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA; >= 2020 and >=760 counts/minute), vigorous physical activity (> = 5999 counts/minute), and sedentary behavior (<100 counts/minute). Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to estimate patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior. All estimates were weighted to reflect the United States population.ResultsFor weighted percent of MVPA out of total wearing time, 5 classes were identified from least to most active: 65.3% of population (weighted mean 9.3minutes/day), 24.9% (32.1minutes/day), 3.2% that was low on the weekdays but much higher on the weekends (52.0minutes/day), 5.9% (59.9minutes/day), and 0.7% in the highest class (113.6minutes/day). Using the lower MVPA threshold, 6 classes emerged with each class ranging in population from 1.2% to 43.6%. A vigorous activity class could not be derived due to low prevalence. For weighted percent of sedentary behavior out of total wearing time, 5 classes were identified from most to least sedentary: 6.3% of population (weighted mean 660.2minutes/day), 25.1% (546.8minutes/day), 37.7% (453.9minutes/day), 24.0% (354.8minutes/day), and 7.0% (256.3minutes/day). Four of the classes showed generally similar results across every day of the week, with the absolute percents differing across classes. In contrast, the least sedentary class showing a marked rise in percent of time spent in sedentary behavior on the weekend (weighted mean 336.7-346.5minutes/day) compared to weekdays (weighted mean 255.2-292.4minutes/day).ConclusionThe LCA models provided a data reduction process to identify patterns using minute-by-minute accelerometry data in order to explore meaningful contrasts. The models supported 5 or 6 distinct patterns for MVPA and sedentary behavior. These physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns can be used as intervention targets and as independent or dependent variables in future studies of correlates, determinants, or outcomes.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12966-015-0183-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
A HILBERT SPACE APPLICATION OF SAMPLING
Creators: name: MUSA SIDDIG
name: AMANI ELSEID ABUZEID
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Theorem Of Shannon's Sampling, Approximation And Interpolation In A Hilbert Space, Frame Operators And Frames, Sturm-Liouville Boundary-Value Problem, Fredholm Integral Equations, Green's Function, Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality.

description: Abstract
When a function's values are located in a separable Hilbert space, it is derived the Whittaker-Shannon-Kote' nikov sampling theorem. During a Hilbert space, we employ small frame operators and frames. In turn, this provides us an extension Kramer's second sampling theorem and helps us grow selection of theorems related to value at the boundary issues and various formulae for homogeneous integrals.
A Formal introduction to Neural Networks: An Attempt to explain Whole Brain Emulation and Conscious Systems from Scratch
Creators: name: Mathivanan, Abinesh
name: Gupta, Sakshi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 80110 Simulation and Modelling
subject: Computation Theory and Mathematics
subject: 80102 Artificial Life
subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics

description: Brain simulation is the concept of creating a functioning computer model of a brain or part of a brain. Brain simulation projects intend to contribute to a complete understanding of the brain, and eventually also assist the process of treating and diagnosing brain diseases. Various simulations from around the world have been fully or partially released as open source, such as C. elegans, and the Blue Brain Project Showcase. In 2013 the Human Brain Project, which has utilized techniques used by the Blue Brain Project and built upon them,created a Brain Simulation Platform (BSP), an internet-accessible collaborative platform designed for the simulation of brain models. Simulation also aims to replicate work on animal models, such as the mouse. In addition, the computing environment used for simulation offers the possibility of studying disease processes electronically. Richard Feynman famously said, “What I cannot create, I do not understand.” To truly understand the brain we need tools to create it, in brain atlases, computer models, and simulations. The platforms to be delivered are for Neuroinformatics, Medical Informatics, Brain Simulation, High Performance Computing, Neuromorphic Computing and Neurorobotics—each to be open for use by the global research community. These platforms are designed to bring together data about the brain, integrate it in unifying brain models, run simulations, analyze and visualize the results, and test hypotheses. The project aims to trigger a global, collaborative effort to understand the human brain, while enabling advances in neuroscience, medicine, and future computing. The primary objective is to provide the capability to build and simulate models of the entire human brain within ten years. The central question in next-generation artificial intelligence (AI) and developmental robotics is how to build an integrative cognitive system capable of lifelong learning and human-like behavior in various environments such as homes, offices, and outdoors. In this research, inspired by the whole brain architecture (WBA) approach, using a whole brain probabilistic generative model (WB-PGM), we introduce the idea of building an integrative cognitive system that can alternatively be referred to as artificial general intelligence. Adjacent research areas include biologically inspired cognitive architectures and cognitive computational neuroscience, which is an interdisciplinary field of cognitive science and computational neuroscience.
Additional file 2 of miR-3189-targeted GLUT3 repression by HDAC2 knockdown inhibits glioblastoma tumorigenesis through regulating glucose metabolism and proliferation
Creators: name: Kwak, Sungmin
name: Park, Seung-Ho
name: Kim, Sung-Hak
name: Sung, Gi-Jun
name: Song, Ji-Hye
name: Jeong, Ji-Hoon
name: Kim, Hyunhee
name: Ha, Chang Hoon
name: Kim, Seong Who
name: Choi, Kyung-Chul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 1. List of primer for qRT-PCR. Supplementary Table 2. Complete list of materials and reagents for experimental.
Die Rolle des Feuers in der Evolution des Menschen
Creators: name: Wink, Michael
Publisher: name: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online
Year: 2022

description: Das Feuer ist ein Naturphänomen, das nur von den Menschen der Gattung Homo nutzbar gemacht werden konnte. Für die Evolution der Menschen spielt das Feuer eine große und entscheidende Rolle: Feuer diente zum Kochen der Nahrung. Dies erleichterte eine ausreichende Energieversorgung für das große Gehirn des Menschen. Feuer lieferte Wärme, was für die Besiedlung des kalten Eurasiens lebenswichtig war. Als Nebeneffekt haben sich unsere Vorfahren täglich um ein Lagerfeuer versammelt und ihre Erfahrungen, aber auch Geschichten, Mythen und Sagen weitererzählt. Seit langem diente Feuer außerdem zur Brandrodung. Feuer war zudem essentiell für das Brennen von Ton- und Lehm und zur Verhüttung von Erzen als Voraussetzung für die Herstellung von Werkzeugen und Waffen und damit der technologischen Revolution.
description: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online, Bd. 7 (2022): Die vier Elemente
Electrical and optical characterization of plasma system data
Creators: name: Kumar, Amit
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Electrical measurements, optical emission spectroscopy (OES), and iCCD images are included in the attached files. The recorded voltage and current waveforms (.CSV files) are added in the case of electrical measurements. The spectra acquired (.TXT files) during the treatment is attached for OES measurements. Since there were files in the subfolder, a ZIP file was created and uploaded. The collected iCCD images with filters have been placed into the attached word document.
Deep Clustering With Consensus Representations
Creators: name: Miklautz, Lukas
name: Teuffenbach, Martin
name: Weber, Pascal
name: Perjuci, Rona
name: Durani, Walid
name: Böhm, Christian
name: Plant, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The field of deep clustering combines deep learning and clustering to learn representations that improve both the learned representation and the performance of the considered clustering method. Most existing deep clustering methods are designed for a single clustering method, e.g., k-means, spectral clustering, or Gaussian mixture models, but it is well known that no clustering algorithm works best in all circumstances. Consensus clustering tries to alleviate the individual weaknesses of clustering algorithms by building a consensus between members of a clustering ensemble. Currently, there is no deep clustering method that can include multiple heterogeneous clustering algorithms in an ensemble to update representations and clusterings together. To close this gap, we introduce the idea of a consensus representation that maximizes the agreement between ensemble members. Further, we propose DECCS (Deep Embedded Clustering with Consensus representationS), a deep consensus clustering method that learns a consensus representation by enhancing the embedded space to such a degree that all ensemble members agree on a common clustering result. Our contributions are the following: (1) We introduce the idea of learning consensus representations for heterogeneous clusterings, a novel notion to approach consensus clustering. (2) We propose DECCS, the first deep clustering method that jointly improves the representation and clustering results of multiple heterogeneous clustering algorithms. (3) We show in experiments that learning a consensus representation with DECCS is outperforming several relevant baselines from deep clustering and consensus clustering. Our code can be found at https://gitlab.cs.univie.ac.at/lukas/deccs
description: Accepted by the IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM) 2022
Decolonisation Through ‘Development Films’: Constructing and Re-Constructing the Zairian Spirit on Film
Creators: name: Zoppelletto, Cecilia
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2020

description: This study critically contributes to the understanding of decolonisation in postcolonial Africa through documentary films by investigating a decolonial moment, a bold attempt to disentangle an ex‐colonised part of the world from coloniality by infusing the indigenous Zairian spirit into national film. This is a study of the cultural politics, on film, of the Second Republic of Zaire (1965-1997), now the Democratic Republic of Congo, the research explores the portrayal of the national image on film. This study identifies a particular mode of filmmaking that contributes to nation-building through the concept of ‘development films’. The term proposed for Zairian films is drawn from Domatob and Hall’s (1983) analysis of the rise and limitations of development journalism in Black Africa since independence. Through this study, the author intends to rediscover a collective understanding of the function of film as a tool to promote and educate towards progress in the newly born nation of Zaire by looking at filmmakers’ participation in promoting the government’s ideals through the Pan-African practice of development journalism, and political activism through media. The research project Decolonisation Through ‘Development Films’: Constructing and Re-Constructing the Zairian Spirit on Film is based on interviews with Congolese filmmakers who were active during the Zairian period, together with the author’s research and digital restoration of films, including Salongo (1975) and Election 1970 (1970), which had been written off as being lost or unusable. These were found through fieldwork in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Belgium. Through textual analysis and extra filmic information, this research explores these films as reflecting and sustaining the ideological changes brought about by Mobutu’s cultural revolution and the expressions of Zairian culture that are imagined for the population. The research’s aim to reconstruct the Zairian spirit is not to revive a political momentum that is associated with a political flag, rather, it is to acknowledge a lost national filmography as part of the history of the country which has been erased by the political elite that followed, as well as being erased by natural agents in the archives, which therefore deprived the country of the possibility to reflect critically on its own history through part of its national iconography.
Additional file 1 of PSMA PET/CT guided intensification of therapy in patients at risk of advanced prostate cancer (PATRON): a pragmatic phase III randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Ménard, Cynthia
name: Young, Sympascho
name: Zukotynski, Katherine
name: Hamilton, Robert J.
name: Bénard, François
name: Yip, Steven
name: McCabe, Christopher
name: Saad, Fred
name: Brundage, Michael
name: Nitulescu, Roy
name: Bauman, Glenn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Statistik im Kontext der vier Elemente: eine Betrachtung aus konzeptioneller und personeller Sicht
Creators: name: Weiß, Christel
Publisher: name: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online
Year: 2022

description: Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die Arbeitsweise in der Statistik aus einer ungewöhnlichen Sicht: Wie lassen sich Datenanalysen mit den vier Elementen Feuer, Wasser, Erde und Luft in Einklang bringen? Die Vier-Elemente-Lehre ist ein in der griechischen Antike verwurzeltes Modell, mit dem die Beschaffenheit alles materiellen und immateriellen Seins erklärt werden soll. Dagegen ist die Statistik eine moderne, interdisziplinäre Wissenschaft, die versucht mittels der Analyse von aussagekräftigen Daten zu neuen Erkenntnissen zu gelangen. Welche Verbindungen lassen sich zwischen diesen so grundsätzlich verschiedenen Systemen knüpfen? Grundlegend für eine statistische Analyse sind die Daten; sie repräsentieren die Erde. Die Analysemethoden, die alles durchdringen, säubern und klären, sind mit dem Wasser vergleichbar. Die Fragestellung und das Brennen, zu neuen Erkenntnissen zu gelangen, stehen für das Feuer. Die Ergebnisse der Datenanalyse verkörpern die Luft: notwendig zum Leben und für den Fortschritt der Menschheit, manchmal jedoch als heiße Luft oder laues Lüftchen kaum wahrnehmbar. Auch die Personenkreise, die zu einer statistischen Analyse beitragen, lassen sich einem der vier Elemente zuordnen: sie werden repräsentiert durch Datenlieferanten (Erde), Statistiker (Wasser), Vertreter einer angewandten Wissenschaft (Feuer) und Profiteure (Luft). Diese Darstellungen eignen sich, positive und negative Auswirkungen der einzelnen Elemente und auch deren Wechselwirkungen aus der Sicht eines Statistikers zu beleuchten.
description: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online, Bd. 7 (2022): Die vier Elemente
High Purity Orbital Angular Momentum of Light
Creators: name: Sontag, Andrew
name: Noyan, Mehmet A.
name: Kikkawa, James M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel technique for generating beams of light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) that increases mode purity and decreases singularity splitting by orders of magnitude. This technique also works to control and mitigate beam divergence within propagation distances less than the Rayleigh length. Additionally, we analyze a tunable parameter of this technique that can change the ratio of beam purity to power to fit desired specifications. Beam generation via this technique is achievable using only phase-modulating optical elements, which reduces experimental complexity and beam energy loss.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Optics Express 18 August 2022
The GAPs, GEFs, and GDIs of heterotrimeric G-protein alpha subunits
Creators: name: Willard, Francis S.
name: Siderovski, David P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: The heterotrimeric G-protein alpha subunit has long been considered a bimodal, GTP-hydrolyzing switch controlling the duration of signal transduction by seven-transmembrane domain (7TM) cell-surface receptors. In 1996, we and others identified a superfamily of “regulator of G-protein signaling” (RGS) proteins that accelerate the rate of GTP hydrolysis by Gα subunits (dubbed GTPase-accelerating protein or “GAP” activity). This discovery resolved the paradox between the rapid physiological timing seen for 7TM receptor signal transduction in vivo and the slow rates of GTP hydrolysis exhibited by purified Gα subunits in vitro. Here, we review more recent discoveries that have highlighted newly-appreciated roles for RGS proteins beyond mere negative regulators of 7TM signaling. These new roles include the RGS-box-containing, RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RGS-RhoGEFs) that serve as Gα effectors to couple 7TM and semaphorin receptor signaling to RhoA activation, the potential for RGS12 to serve as a nexus for signaling from tyrosine kinases and G-proteins of both the Gα and Ras-superfamilies, the potential for R7-subfamily RGS proteins to couple Gα subunits to 7TM receptors in the absence of conventional Gβγ dimers, and the potential for the conjoint 7TM/RGS-box Arabidopsis protein AtRGS1 to serve as a ligand-operated GAP for the plant Gα AtGPA1. Moreover, we review the discovery of novel biochemical activities that also impinge on the guanine nucleotide binding and hydrolysis cycle of Gα subunits: namely, the guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) activity of the GoLoco motif-containing proteins and the 7TM receptor-independent guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity of Ric‑8/synembryn. Discovery of these novel GAP, GDI, and GEF activities have helped to illuminate a new role for Gα subunit GDP/GTP cycling required for microtubule force generation and mitotic spindle function in chromosomal segregation.
Mehr Sonne, mehr Hitze, mehr Regen, mehr Blitze – wie sehr der Klimawandel den Sport verändern wird und wie wir darauf reagieren können
Creators: name: Schneider, Sven
name: Eichinger, Michael
Publisher: name: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online
Year: 2022

description: Der Klimawandel verändert unsere Umwelt. Er hat deutliche Auswirkungen auf die Klimaelemente wie beispielsweise Sonnenschein, Lufttemperatur, Niederschlag, und Windgeschwindigkeit. Als interdisziplinär ausgebildete Mitglieder unserer Universität nutzen wir das Potenzial einer Volluniversität und betrachten am Beispiel Sport, welche mannigfaltigen gesundheitlichen Risiken mit dem Klimawandel verbunden sind. Dabei tragen wir aktuelle Befunde und Erkenntnisse aus Biologie, Medizin, Geowissenschaften, Physik, Psychologie, Soziologie und Sportwissenschaft zusammen. Da gerade der Standort der Universität Heidelberg, die Rhein-Neckar-Region, besonders von den prognostizierten Klimaveränderungen betroffen sein wird, gehen wir im Folgenden auch immer wieder explizit auf die regionale Risikolage ein. Gemäß dem Leitbild unserer Universität verfolgen wir das Ziel, den zahlreichen Sportlerinnen und Sportlern in unserer Gesellschaft praktische Hinweise und Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit diesen klimabedingten Gesundheitsrisiken zu geben.
description: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online, Bd. 7 (2022): Die vier Elemente
Additional file 2 of PSMA PET/CT guided intensification of therapy in patients at risk of advanced prostate cancer (PATRON): a pragmatic phase III randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Ménard, Cynthia
name: Young, Sympascho
name: Zukotynski, Katherine
name: Hamilton, Robert J.
name: Bénard, François
name: Yip, Steven
name: McCabe, Christopher
name: Saad, Fred
name: Brundage, Michael
name: Nitulescu, Roy
name: Bauman, Glenn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
Influence of target gene mutations on survival, stage and histology in sporadic microsatellite unstable colon cancers
Creators: name: Doctolero, Ryan T.
name: Miyai, Katsumi
name: Smith, E. Julieta
name: Gervaz, Pascal
name: Keku, Temitope
name: Alonso, Julio C.
name: Sandler, Robert S.
name: Carethers, John M.
name: Jung, Barbara
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: High-frequency microsatellite unstable (MSI-H) colon tumors develop as a consequence of mutations at repetitive sequences in target genes. TGFBR2 and ACVR2, encoding TGFb superfamily receptors, and the proapoptotic gene BAX are frequent targets for frameshift mutation. We analyzed the effect of these mutations on survival and histology in 2 separate cohorts. Forty-eight MSI-H Dukes B2 colon tumors from a cohort of 172 patients had mutations in TGFBR2, BAX and ACVR2 correlated with patient survival. Further, 54 population-based MSI-H colon cancers of all stages from a cohort of 503 patients had mutations correlated with tumor stage, grade and size. Of 44 amplifiable MSI-H Dukes B2 tumors, 70% harbored TGFBR2, 63% BAX and only 4.5% ACVR2 mutations. While mutation alone did not influence survival, concomitant mutation of TGFBR2 and BAX was associated with an improved prognosis in Dukes B2 patients (p = 0.05). ACVR2 mutations were more frequent in the second, population-based cohort (stage II: 32.5%, p < 0.05). While no target gene mutation correlated with stage in this cohort, poor histological grade and large tumor volume were associated with mutant ACVR2, but not TGFBR2 or BAX mutations, and likely accounts for the lower prevalence of ACVR2 mutations in the first, well-differentiated Dukes B2 cohort. Because target gene mutations did not correlate with stage, they likely occur early in the pathogenesis of MSI-H cancers. Mutations in TGFBR2 and BAX may improve survival in MSI-H Dukes B2 patients, and mutations of ACVR2 may augment histological changes consistent with poor tumor grade that is characteristic of MSI-H colon cancers, and increase tumor size.
CENP-F expression is associated with poor prognosis and chromosomal instability in patients with primary breast cancer
Creators: name: Fox, Edward J.P.
name: Brennan, Donal J.
name: Culhane, Aedín C.
name: Millikan, Robert C.
name: Fagan, Ailís
name: McCann, Amanda H.
name: Jirström, Karin
name: Moyna, Siobhan
name: O'Brien, Sallyann L.
name: Gallagher, William M.
name: Hegarty, Shauna
name: Landberg, Göran
name: Duffy, Michael J.
name: Higgins, Desmond G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: DNA microarrays have the potential to classify tumors according to their transcriptome. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) facilitate the validation of biomarkers by offering a high-throughput approach to sample analysis. We reanalyzed a high profile breast cancer DNA microarray dataset containing 96 tumor samples using a powerful statistical approach, between group analyses. Among the genes we identified was centromere protein-F (CENP-F), a gene associated with poor prognosis. In a published follow-up breast cancer DNA microarray study, comprising 295 tumour samples, we found that CENP-F upregulation was significantly associated with worse overall survival (p < 0.001) and reduced metastasis-free survival (p < 0.001). To validate and expand upon these findings, we used 2 independent breast cancer patient cohorts represented on TMAs. CENP-F protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 91 primary breast cancer samples from cohort I and 289 samples from cohort II. CENP-F correlated with markers of aggressive tumor behavior including ER negativity and high tumor grade. In cohort I, CENP-F was significantly associated with markers of CIN including cyclin E, increased telomerase activity, c-Myc amplification and aneuploidy. In cohort II, CENP-F correlated with VEGFR2, phosphorylated Ets-2 and Ki67, and in multivariate analysis, was an independent predictor of worse breast cancer-specific survival (p = 0.036) and overall survival (p = 0.040). In conclusion, we identified CENP-F as a biomarker associated with poor outcome in breast cancer and showed several novel associations of biological significance.
Wikipedia Conflict Representation in Articles of War: A critical discourse analysis of current, on-going, socio-political Wikipedia articles about war
Creators: name: Tchubykalo, Evgueni
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2020

description: With the help of a discourse-historical approach, a textual corpus composed of the talk pages of three controversial, socio-political Wikipedia articles about ongoing wars was analyzed in order to shed light on the way in which conflict is represented through the editing and discussion process. Additionally, a rational discourse was employed in order to unravel communication distortions within the editing process in an attempt to improve communication and consensus-seeking. Finally, semi-structured interviews of participating contributors within studied articles were used in order to better understand Wikipedian experience in a controversial collaboration scenario. Results unveiled a set of discursive practices in which Wikipedians participate, as well as the creation of a Wikipedian argumentation topoi framework useful for further Wikipedia-specific discourse analysis involving the content change-retain negotiation process.
Reactivation of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus by natural products from Kaposi's sarcoma endemic regions
Creators: name: Nagashima, Kunio
name: Whitby, Denise
name: Miley, Wendell J.
name: Goedert, James J.
name: Bagni, Rachel K.
name: Mikovits, Judy
name: McCloud, Thomas G.
name: Dittmer, Dirk P.
name: Hines-Boykin, Rebecca
name: Marshall, Vickie A.
name: A.Conde, Betty
name: Newman, David J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and its causative agent, Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8), a gamma2 herpesvirus, have distinctive geographical distributions that are largely unexplained. We propose the “oncoweed” hypothesis to explain these differences, namely that environmental cofactors present in KS endemic regions cause frequent reactivation of KSHV in infected subjects, leading to increased viral shedding and transmission leading to increased prevalence of KSHV infection as well as high viral load levels and antibody titers. Reactivation also plays a role in the pathogenesis of KSHV-associated malignancies. To test this hypothesis, we employed an in vitro KSHV reactivation assay that measured increases in KSHV viral load in KSHV infected primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells and screened aqueous natural product extracts from KS endemic regions. Of 4,842 extracts from 38 countries, 184 (5%) caused KSHV reactivation. Extracts that caused reactivation came from a wide variety of plant families, and extracts from Africa, where KSHV is highly prevalent, caused the greatest level of reactivation. Time course experiments were performed using 28 extracts that caused the highest levels of reactivation. The specificity of the effects on viral replication was examined using transcriptional profiling of all viral mRNAs. The array data indicated that the natural extracts caused an ordered cascade of lytic replication similar to that seen after induction with synthetic activators. These in vitro data provide support for the “oncoweed” hypothesis by demonstrating basic biological plausibility.
Auf den Spuren des Empedokles
Creators: name: Kuhn, Jonas
name: Bobrowski, Nicole
name: Platt, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online
Year: 2022

description: Nirgendwo sonst auf der Erde sind sich die vier Elemente so nahe wie bei Vulkanen. Wenn heiße Magma aus der Tiefe der Erde aufsteigt gibt sie große Mengen von Gas, hauptsächlich Wasserdampf, ab. Sobald diese Gase an der Erdoberfläche mit Luft in Berührung kommen laufen komplexe chemische Reaktionen ab. So bildet etwa die Reaktion von magmatischem Wasserdampf mit Sauerstoff aus der Luft reaktive Molekülbruchstücke (Radikale), die im Bruchteil einer Sekunde reduzierte Bestandteile der Gasemission verbrennen. Empedokles, der Begründer der Lehre der vier Elemente, starb der Legende nach am Vulkan Ätna, als er in den Krater stieg, um das Vulkaninnere zu verstehen. Nach wie vor ist die Forschung an Vulkanen mit großen Herausforderungen verbunden: giftige Gase, hohe Vulkangipfel, sprudelnde Lava. Moderne Fernerkundungsverfahren erlauben mittlerweile die Beobachtung von chemischen Abläufen in Vulkangasen aus (halbwegs) sicherer Entfernung. Erkenntnisse daraus helfen Vulkane und unseren Planeten im Allgemeinen besser zu verstehen und bilden damit auch die Grundlage neuer Möglichkeiten Ausbrüche vorherzusagen.
description: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online, Bd. 7 (2022): Die vier Elemente
Generalised form of the magnetic anisotropy field in micromagnetic and atomistic spin models
Creators: name: Collings, Jack B.
name: Rama-Eiroa, Ricardo
name: Otxoa, Rubén M.
name: Evans, Richard F. L.
name: Chantrell, Roy W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general approach to the derivation of the effective anisotropy field which determines the dynamical behaviour of magnetic spins according to the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. The approach is based on the gradient in spherical polar coordinates with the final results being expressed in Cartesian coordinates as usually applied in atomistic and micromagnetic model calculations. The approach is generally valid for all orders of anisotropies including higher order combinations of azimuthal and rotational anisotropies often found in functional magnetic materials such as permanent magnets and an emerging class of antiferromagnetic materials with applications in spintronics. Anisotropies are represented in terms of spherical harmonics which have the important property of rational temperature scaling. Effective field vectors are given for anisotropies up to sixth order, presenting a unified framework for implementing higher order magnetic anisotropies in numerical simulations.
description: 10 pages total (4 pages for references and appendix)
Additional file 3 of PSMA PET/CT guided intensification of therapy in patients at risk of advanced prostate cancer (PATRON): a pragmatic phase III randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Ménard, Cynthia
name: Young, Sympascho
name: Zukotynski, Katherine
name: Hamilton, Robert J.
name: Bénard, François
name: Yip, Steven
name: McCabe, Christopher
name: Saad, Fred
name: Brundage, Michael
name: Nitulescu, Roy
name: Bauman, Glenn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 3.
Wasserbilanz im menschlichen Organismus: Balance und Dysbalance mit Focus auf renales Wasser- und Elektrolyt-Handling
Creators: name: Krämer, Bernhard K.
name: Gretz, Norbert
name: Yard, Benito A.
name: Hocher, Berthold
name: Kälsch, Anna-Isabelle
Publisher: name: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online
Year: 2022

description: Der menschliche Körper besteht zu circa 70% aus Wasser, wobei die Niere in der Regulation des Salz- und Wasserhaushalts eine zentrale Rolle spielt. Jeden Tag wird die Niere von über 1500 Liter Blut durchflossen, aus denen sie 180 Liter Primärharn bildet, der verändert und konzentriert wird und schließlich in Form von 1–1,5 Liter Urin ausgeschieden wird. Die folgende Übersicht erklärt einige zugrundliegenden Prozesse der Urinentstehung angefangen von der Filtration im Nierenkörperchen bis hin zur Urinkonzentration im Nierenkanälchen. Zudem werden die Folgen erläutert, falls entweder die Filtration bei fehlerhafter Filtermembran oder die Urinkonzentration aufgrund von Veränderungen in den Wasserkanälen fehlerhaft ist. Abschließend werden auch die Wirkungen und Einsatzbereiche von einzelnen Medikamenten besprochen, die in die Urinproduktion quantitativ oder qualitativ eingreifen. Dies sind zum einen Diuretika („Wassertabletten“) und zum anderen Medikamente, welche die Ausscheidung von Glucose in der Niere verändern wie SGLT-2-Hemmer.
description: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online, Bd. 7 (2022): Die vier Elemente