cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Large scale phenotype imputation and in vivo functional validation implicate ADAMTS14 as an adiposity gene.
Creators: name: Kentistou, Katherine A
name: Luan, Jian'an
name: Wittemans, Laura BL
name: Hambly, Catherine
name: Klaric, Lucija
name: Kutalik, Zoltán
name: Speakman, John R
name: Wareham, Nicholas J
name: Kendall, Timothy J
name: Langenberg, Claudia
name: Wilson, James F
name: Joshi, Peter K
name: Morton, Nicholas M
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Article
/631/208/205/2138
/631/208/457/649
/13
/14
/45/43
/64/60
/82/51
article

description: Obesity remains an unmet global health burden. Detrimental anatomical distribution of body fat is a major driver of obesity-mediated mortality risk and is demonstrably heritable. However, our understanding of the full genetic contribution to human adiposity is incomplete, as few studies measure adiposity directly. To address this, we impute whole-body imaging adiposity phenotypes in UK Biobank from the 4,366 directly measured participants onto the rest of the cohort, greatly increasing our discovery power. Using these imputed phenotypes in 392,535 participants yielded hundreds of genome-wide significant associations, six of which replicate in independent cohorts. The leading causal gene candidate, ADAMTS14, is further investigated in a mouse knockout model. Concordant with the human association data, the Adamts14-/- mice exhibit reduced adiposity and weight-gain under obesogenic conditions, alongside an improved metabolic rate and health. Thus, we show that phenotypic imputation at scale offers deeper biological insights into the genetics of human adiposity that could lead to therapeutic targets.
Constructing PilG and PilH GFP Fusion Proteins for Localization Studies in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Creators: name: Baumgarten, Mark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that infects a variety of eukaryotic organisms. Virulence gene expression in P. aeruginosa is regulated by small, CheY-like response regulator proteins PilG and PilH. How these proteins function is unknown. Uncovering the targets with which PilG and PilH interact is essential to understanding the molecular events that control P. aeruginosa virulence and lead to subsequent infection. To investigate how PilG and PilH function, we sought to determine their cellular localization patterns using fluorescence microscopy. PilG and PilH were tagged on their carboxyl-termini with an isoform of green fluorescent protein optimized to be monomeric (mGFP). We mated plasmids containing these fusion protein genes into a common strain of P. aeruginosa (PAK) that contained a chromosomal reporter gene for measuring virulence factor expression. The PAK strains used were pilG or pilH deletion mutants such that the inserted plasmid contained the sole copy of pilG or pilH. Immunoblotting was performed on the experimental PAK strains to determine the conditions necessary to elicit wild type expression levels of the fusion protein PilGmGFP. At wild type expression levels, reporter gene assays that indirectly measure PilG and PilH function show that PilGmGFP does not retain function. Localization data were not collected due to unknown effects of PilGmGFP loss of function. Future investigations will focus on uncovering visual localization techniques that do not negatively impact Pil proteins. Amino-terminal fluorescence tagging is being pursued as a means to study localization without protein disruption.
Topographic patterns of white matter hyperintensities are associated with multimodal neuroimaging biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease
Creators: name: Gaubert, Malo
name: Lange, Catharina
name: Garnier-Crussard, Antoine
name: Köbe, Theresa
name: Bougacha, Salma
name: Gonneaud, Julie
name: De Flores, Robin
name: Tomadesso, Clémence
name: Mézenge, Florence
name: Landeau, Brigitte
name: De La Sayette, Vincent
name: Chételat, Gaël
name: Wirth, Miranka
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cerebrovascular disease
subject: Alzheimer's disease
subject: Alzheimer's disease pathology
subject: White matter lesion
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are frequently found in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Commonly considered as a marker of cerebrovascular disease, regional WMH may be related to pathological hallmarks of AD, including beta-amyloid (A beta) plaques and neurodegeneration. The aim of this study was to examine the regional distribution of WMH associated with A beta burden, glucose hypometabolism, and gray matter volume reduction. Methods: In a total of 155 participants (IMAP+ cohort) across the cognitive continuum from normal cognition to AD dementia, FLAIR MRI, AV45-PET, FDG-PET, and T1 MRI were acquired. WMH were automatically segmented from FLAIR images. Mean levels of neocortical A beta deposition (AV45-PET), temporo-parietal glucose metabolism (FDG-PET), and medial-temporal gray matter volume (GMV) were extracted from processed images using established AD meta-signature templates. Associations between AD brain biomarkers and WMH, as assessed in region-of-interest and voxel-wise, were examined, adjusting for age, sex, education, and systolic blood pressure. Results: There were no significant associations between global A beta burden and region-specific WMH. Voxel-wise WMH in the splenium of the corpus callosum correlated with greater A beta deposition at a more liberal threshold. Region- and voxel-based WMH in the posterior corpus callosum, along with parietal, occipital, and frontal areas, were associated with lower temporo-parietal glucose metabolism. Similarly, lower medial-temporal GMV correlated with WMH in the posterior corpus callosum in addition to parietal, occipital, and fontal areas. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that local white matter damage is correlated with multimodal brain biomarkers of AD. Our results highlight modality-specific topographic patterns of WMH, which converged in the posterior white matter. Overall, these cross-sectional findings corroborate associations of regional WMH with AD-typical Ass deposition and neurodegeneration.
Modern Non-Linear Function-on-Function Regression
Creators: name: Rao, Aniruddha Rajendra
name: Reimherr, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a new class of non-linear function-on-function regression models for functional data using neural networks. We propose a framework using a hidden layer consisting of continuous neurons, called a continuous hidden layer, for functional response modeling and give two model fitting strategies, Functional Direct Neural Network (FDNN) and Functional Basis Neural Network (FBNN). Both are designed explicitly to exploit the structure inherent in functional data and capture the complex relations existing between the functional predictors and the functional response. We fit these models by deriving functional gradients and implement regularization techniques for more parsimonious results. We demonstrate the power and flexibility of our proposed method in handling complex functional models through extensive simulation studies as well as real data examples.
description: 6 figures, 6 tables (including supplementary material), 16 pages (including supplementary material). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2104.09371
On the Temporal Onset of Irrelevant Sequence Learning
Creators: name: Brady, Ryan J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Prior studies have investigated the degree of automaticity involved in implicit sequence learning. Deroost et al. (2008) used the Serial Reaction Time (SRT) task to show that participants can implicitly acquire sequence specific knowledge of a complex relevant sequence, while concurrently learning an equally complex irrelevant sequence they are told to ignore. However it is not known whether or not irrelevant sequence learning relies on the availability of cognitive resources. The current study investigated the temporal onset of irrelevant sequence learning by measuring the amount of irrelevant information learned at different time points during the SRT task. In Experiment 1, participants were presented with a complex second order relevant sequence and a simple first order irrelevant sequence and learning was measured after 7 and 12 blocks in separate groups. In Experiment 2, participants were presented with a complex second order sequence for both relevant and irrelevant stimuli, and learning was measured after 14 and 19 blocks in separate groups. Results from Experiment 1 showed that learning of an irrelevant first order sequence began early and became solidified by blocks 7 and 12. In Experiment 2, learning of a second order irrelevant sequence was not completed by 14 blocks as indicated by a negative priming effect. However, learning of the irrelevant second order sequence became solidified by 19 blocks, as indicated by the lack of the negative priming. Our results are consistent with the suggestion that implicit sequence learning is highly automatic, as long as selective attention is drawn to the predictive dimension. The results of the current study also offer insight into the findings of Deroost et al. (2008) by suggesting that independent learning of an irrelevant sequence does not rely on availability of cognitive resources.
Matchmaker, Matchmaker, Make Me a Match: Geometric, Variational, and Evolutionary Implications of Criteria for Tag Affinity
Creators: name: Moreno, Matthew Andres
name: Lalejini, Alexander
name: Ofria, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Genetic programming and artificial life systems commonly employ tag-matching schemes to determine interactions between model components. However, the implications of criteria used to determine affinity between tags with respect to constraints on emergent connectivity, canalization of changes to connectivity under mutation, and evolutionary dynamics have not been considered. We highlight differences between tag-matching criteria with respect to geometric constraint and variation generated under mutation. We find that tag-matching criteria can influence the rate of adaptive evolution and the quality of evolved solutions. Better understanding of the geometric, variational, and evolutionary properties of tag-matching criteria will facilitate more effective incorporation of tag matching into genetic programming and artificial life systems. By showing that tag-matching criteria influence connectivity patterns and evolutionary dynamics, our findings also raise fundamental questions about the properties of tag-matching systems in nature.
Communicating as a Republican Congresswoman: Creating an Identity in the Age of Trump
Creators: name: Hirsch, Melissa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: More women than ever before are currently serving as members of US Congress. Yet despite increased gender diversity, the Republican Party maintains a reputation of being less than inclusive in both party composition and platform. In conjunction with analyses of the ideological scores, voting records and personal background information, a textual analysis of their various communication platforms will be used in this paper to create detailed profiles of the four most bipartisan Republican congresswomen and their demonstration of their political positions in reference to the mainstream Republican Party platform. This study found that while shared party membership and a penchant for bipartisanship provide a point of commonality for the four congresswomen examined for the purpose of this study, the manner in which each presents herself to her constituents and to broader audiences varies greatly. If the Republican Party is to maintain its relevance and appeal to a broader and more diverse portion of the American electorate, it would do well to pay greater attention to the women already a part of its party and the strategies they employ in their communications.
Clonal expansion of CD4+CD8+ T cells in an adult patient with Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated Erythema multiforme majus
Creators: name: Volkers, Sarah M.
name: Meisel, Christian
name: Terhorst-Molawi, Dorothea
name: Burbach, Guido J.
name: Schürmann, Dirk
name: Suttorp, Norbert
name: Sander, Leif E.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Erythema multiforme
subject: Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated rash and mucositis
subject: T cells
subject: CD4+ CD8+ double-positive T cells
subject: Tissue-resident memory T cells
subject: Mucosal-associated invariant T cells
subject: T effector memory RA+ T cells
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute, immune-mediated mucocutaneous disease, most often preceded by herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection or reactivation. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) is considered the second major trigger of EM and is often associated with an atypical and more severe presentation of disease, characterized by prominent mucosal involvement. However, contrary to HSV-associated Erythema multiforme (HAEM), immunological mechanisms of Mp-associated EM remain unclear. Case presentation: We present the case of a 50-year-old male patient presenting with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and erythema multiforme majus (EMM). Acute Mp infection was diagnosed by seroconversion, with no evidence of HSV infection as a cause of EMM. We performed immune phenotyping of blister fluid (BF) and peripheral blood (PB) T cells and detected a clonally expanded TCRV beta 2(+) T cell population that was double positive for CD4 and CD8, and expressed the cytotoxic markers granulysin and perforin. This CD4(+)CD8(+) population comprised up to 50.7% of BF T cells and 24.9% of PB T cells. Two years prior to the onset of disease, the frequency of PB CD4(+)CD8(+)T cells had been within normal range and it gradually returned to baseline levels with the resolution of symptoms, suggesting an involvement of this population in EMM disease pathophysiology. Conclusions: This report is the first to provide a phenotypic description of lesional T cells in Mp-associated EMM. Characterizing the local immune response might help to address pathophysiological questions and warrants further systematic research.
A hot horizontal branch star with a close K-type main-sequence companion
Creators: name: Bidin, C. Moni
name: Momany, Y.
name: Montalto, M.
name: Catelan, M.
name: Villanova, S.
name: Piotto, G.
name: Geisler, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical interactions in binary systems are thought to play a major role in the formation of extreme horizontal branch stars (EHBs) in the Galactic field. However, it is still unclear if the same mechanisms are at work in globular clusters, where EHBs are predominantly single stars. Here we report on the discovery of a unique close binary system (period ~1.61 days) in the globular cluster NGC6752, comprising an EHB and a main-sequence companion of 0.63+-0.05 Msun. Such a system has no counterpart among nearly two hundred known EHB binaries in the Galactic field. Its discovery suggests that either field studies are incomplete, missing this type of systems possibly because of selection effects, or that a particular EHB formation mechanism is active in clusters but not in the field.
Detection of antibodies against the huntingtin protein in human plasma.
Creators: name: Denis, Hélèna L
name: Alpaugh, Melanie
name: Alvarez, Claudia P
name: Fenyi, Alexis
name: Barker, Roger A
name: Chouinard, Sylvain
name: Arrowsmith, Cheryl H
name: Melki, Ronald
name: Labib, Richard
name: Harding, Rachel J
name: Cicchetti, Francesca
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Original Article
Antibodies
Huntingtin protein
Plasma
Human samples
Huntington’s disease

description: Funder: Huntington Society of Canada; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100009836
description: Funder: NIHR BioResource; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100017751
description: Funder: Huntington's Disease Society of America; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000887
description: Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder resulting from a CAG expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene, which leads to the production and accumulation of mutant huntingtin (mHTT). While primarily considered a disorder of the central nervous system, multiple changes have been described to occur throughout the body, including activation of the immune system. In other neurodegenerative disorders, activation of the immune system has been shown to include the production of antibodies against disease-associated pathological proteins. However, the existence of mHTT-targeted antibodies has never been reported. In this study, we assessed the presence and titer of antibodies recognizing HTT/mHTT in patients with HD (n = 66) and age- and gender-matched healthy controls (n = 66) using a combination of Western blotting and ELISA. Together, these analyses revealed that antibodies capable of recognizing HTT/mHTT were detectable in the plasma samples of all participants, including healthy controls. When antibody levels were monitored at different disease stages, it was observed that antibodies against full-length mHTT were highest in patients with severe disease while antibodies against HTTExon1 were elevated in patients with mild disease. Combined, these results suggest that antibodies detecting different forms of mHTT peak at different disease stages.
A spectroscopic survey of Herbig Ae/Be stars with X-Shooter I: Stellar parameters and accretion rates
Creators: name: Fairlamb, J. R.
name: Oudmaijer, R. D.
name: Mendigutía, I.
name: Ilee, J. D.
name: Ancker, M. E. van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Herbig Ae/Be stars span a key mass range that links low and high mass stars, and thus provide an ideal window from which to explore their formation. This paper presents VLT/X-Shooter spectra of 91 Herbig Ae/Be stars, HAeBes; the largest spectroscopic study of HAeBe accretion to date. A homogeneous approach to determining stellar parameters is undertaken for the majority of the sample. Measurements of the ultra-violet (UV) are modelled within the context of magnetospheric accretion, allowing a direct determination of mass accretion rates. Multiple correlations are observed across the sample between accretion and stellar properties: the youngest and often most massive stars are the strongest accretors, and there is an almost 1:1 relationship between the accretion luminosity and stellar luminosity. Despite these overall trends of increased accretion rates in HAeBes when compared to classical T Tauri stars, we also find noticeable differences in correlations when considering the Herbig Ae and Herbig Be subsets. This, combined with the difficulty in applying a magnetospheric accretion model to some of the Herbig Be stars, could suggest that another form of accretion may be occurring within the Herbig Be mass range.
description: 29 pages, 19 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Imposing Relation Structure in Language-Model Embeddings Using Contrastive Learning
Creators: name: Theodoropoulos, Christos
name: Henderson, James
name: Coman, Andrei C.
name: Moens, Marie-Francine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Though language model text embeddings have revolutionized NLP research, their ability to capture high-level semantic information, such as relations between entities in text, is limited. In this paper, we propose a novel contrastive learning framework that trains sentence embeddings to encode the relations in a graph structure. Given a sentence (unstructured text) and its graph, we use contrastive learning to impose relation-related structure on the token-level representations of the sentence obtained with a CharacterBERT (El Boukkouri et al.,2020) model. The resulting relation-aware sentence embeddings achieve state-of-the-art results on the relation extraction task using only a simple KNN classifier, thereby demonstrating the success of the proposed method. Additional visualization by a tSNE analysis shows the effectiveness of the learned representation space compared to baselines. Furthermore, we show that we can learn a different space for named entity recognition, again using a contrastive learning objective, and demonstrate how to successfully combine both representation spaces in an entity-relation task.
description: To be presented at CoNLL 2021
Inhibition and Recovery of Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic Beta Cells Chronically Exposed to Trivalent Arsenicals
Creators: name: Ostrom, William
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Diabetes is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality and the number of those affected by diabetes is growing at an alarming rate.  Although Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is typically associated with obesity, environmental diabetogens like arsenite (iAsIII) and its trivalent methylated metabolites methylarsonite (MAsIII) and dimethylarsinite (DMAsIII) may be contributing to the global diabetes epidemic.  Previous studies from our lab have shown that these trivalent arsenicals act directly on pancreatic beta-cells by reducing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and thus contributing to the development of diabetes.  Previous in vitro and epidemiological studies from our lab have shown that the diabetogenic effects of arsenic may be reversible following removal of exposure.
 In this study, we examined the effects of 24-hour exposure to iAsIII, MAsIII or DMAsIII on GSIS in a pancreatic beta-cell line, INS-1 832/13 and tested if the inhibitory effects of arsenic exposure on β-cell function are reversible. GSIS was significantly inhibited by exposure to 2 µM AsIII, ≥0.375 µM MAsIII and 2 µM DMAsIII.  After a 24-hour recovery period in As-free media, complete recovery of GSIS was observed for cells previously exposed to doses of iAsIII and MAsIII which significantly inhibited GSIS. Preliminary data from this study also show that Ca2+ influx into pancreatic beta-cells was significantly decreased by 0.375 µM MAsIII exposure.  The inhibition of Ca2+ influx was also reversed after a recovery period in As-free media. Data from this study confirm reversibility results reported by previous studies from our lab.
In summary, results from this study show that pancreatic β-cells are a key target for the diabetogenic effects of trivalent arsenicals, and that these diabetogenic effects are reversible.
Ulnaria monodii Cantonati et Lange-Bertalot 2018, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Cantonati, Marco
name: Lange-Bertalot, Horst
name: Kelly, Martyn G.
name: Angeli, Nicola
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Bacillariophyta
Bacillariophyceae
Fragilariales
Fragilariaceae
Ulnaria
Ulnaria monodii

description: Ulnaria monodii (Guermeur) Cantonati et Lange-Bertalot comb. nov.
 Basionym: Synedra Monodi Guermeur 1954. Diatomées de L’Afrique Occidentale Française (Première Liste: Sénégal). pp. 27–28. pl. II, fig. 1.
description: Published as part of Cantonati, Marco, Lange-Bertalot, Horst, Kelly, Martyn G. & Angeli, Nicola, 2018, Taxonomic and ecological characterization of two Ulnaria species (Bacillariophyta) from streams in Cyprus, pp. 78-92 in Phytotaxa 346 (1) on page 80, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.346.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/13708352
The Role of Macrophage Substrate Metabolism on Obesity-Induced Inflammation
Creators: name: Huang, Megan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Obesity has become increasingly prevalent worldwide. Studies characterize obesity as a low-grade
chronic state of inflammation and identify macrophages as having a role in this response.
Macrophage polarization may influence the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses associated
with obese and lean phenotypes, respectively. This study exploited the differences in substrate
utilization between M1 and M2 polarized macrophages to observe whether there was a change in
the inflammatory phenotype with obesity. M1-polarized macrophages are pro-inflammatory and
use glucose as fuel whereas M2-polarized macrophages are anti-inflammatory and preferentially
use fatty acids as fuel. Specifically in this experiment, mice containing macrophages that were
FATP1 knockout or wildtype were fed either a low fat diet (10% kcal from fat, LFD)or a high fat
diet (45% kcal from fat, HFD) to test our hypothesis that FATP1 is important in macrophage M2
polarization. Four groups were used in this experiment: low fat-fedwildtype and knockout (LFD
FATP1B+/+ and LFD FATP1B-/-), and high fat-fedwildtype and knockout (HFD FATP1B+/+ and
HFD FATP1B-/-). HFD FATP1B-/- mice gained more weight and had heavier epididymal white
adipose tissue (eWAT) than HFD FATP1B+/+ mice. HFD FATP1B-/- also had higher percentage
body fat and higher plasma leptin levels when compared to HFD FATP1B+/+ mice. HFD
FATP1B-/- had higher expression of inflammatory markers in eWATcompared to HFD
FATP1B+/+ mice. The HFD FATP1B-/- group had significantly increased expression of
macrophage markers F4/80, CD11C, and CD11B in eWAT. Inflammatory cytokine IL6 was also
significantly elevated in eWAT in HFD-fedFATP1B-/- mice when compared to HFD-fed
FATP1B+/+ mice. Glucose transporter GLUT1 and components of the Nlrp3
inflammasomeexpressionwere also increased in HFD-fed FATP1B-/- in eWAT. Taken together,
these data indicate that deletion of FATP1 from macrophages is associated with increased
susceptibility to high fat diet-induced weight gain, increased macrophage adipose tissue
infiltration, and a shift towards M1-like pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization. ThusM2
macrophages’ inability to use fatty acids as fuel drove a more pro-inflammatory phenotype. This
study reveals insight into a possible mechanism for the polarization of macrophages that may be
relevant to the propagation of obesity.
MPEC 2023-F166 : 2023 FB5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 FB5

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Stationary properties of maximum entropy random walks
Creators: name: Dixit, Purushottam D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Maximum entropy (maxEnt) inference of state probabilities using state-dependent constraints is popular in the study of complex systems. In stochastic dynamical systems, the effect of state space topology and path-dependent constraints on the inferred state probabilities is unknown. To that end, we derive the transition probabilities and the stationary distribution of a maximum {\it path} entropy Markov process subject to state- and path-dependent constraints. The stationary distribution reflects a competition between path multiplicity and imposed constraints and is significantly different from the Boltzmann distribution. We illustrate our results with a particle diffusing on an energy landscape. Connections with the path integral approach to diffusion are discussed.
Weak saturation of multipartite hypergraphs
Creators: name: Bulavka, Denys
name: Tancer, Martin
name: Tyomkyn, Mykhaylo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given $q$-uniform hypergraphs ($q$-graphs) $F,G$ and $H$, where $G$ is a spanning subgraph of $F$, $G$ is called weakly $H$-saturated in $F$ if the edges in $E(F)\setminus E(G)$ admit an ordering $e_1,\dots, e_k$ so that for all $i\in [k]$ the hypergraph $G\cup \{e_1,\dots,e_i\}$ contains an isomorphic copy of $H$ which in turn contains the edge $e_i$. The weak saturation number of $H$ in $F$ is the smallest size of an $H$-weakly saturated subgraph of $F$. Weak saturation was introduced by Bollobás in 1968, but despite decades of study our understanding of it is still limited. The main difficulty lies in proving lower bounds on weak saturation numbers, which typically withstands combinatorial methods and requires arguments of algebraic or geometrical nature. In our main contribution in this paper we determine exactly the weak saturation number of complete multipartite $q$-graphs in the directed setting, for any choice of parameters. This generalizes a theorem of Alon from 1985. Our proof combines the exterior algebra approach from the works of Kalai with the use of the colorful exterior algebra motivated by the recent work of Bulavka, Goodarzi and Tancer on the colorful fractional Helly theorem. In our second contribution answering a question of Kronenberg, Martins and Morrison, we establish a link between weak saturation numbers of bipartite graphs in the clique versus in a complete bipartite host graph. In a similar fashion we asymptotically determine the weak saturation number of any complete $q$-partite $q$-graph in the clique, generalizing another result of Kronenberg et al.
description: 6 pages. We have improved the presentation. To appear in Combinatorica
The Influence of Peer and Teacher Interactions in the Preschool Classroom on the Relationship Between Executive Functions and School Readiness
Creators: name: Deem, Laura
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Previous studies show classrooms’ instructional content, teacher-child relationships, and peer
relationships predict academic and social success. Findings reveal that executive functioning,
such as inhibition, shifting attention, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, is related to
academic success, but have not been examined in relation to children’s social behaviors with
peers and teachers. The current study examines the link between executive functioning and
school readiness at the end of preschool. More specifically, we examine the association between
social interactions and school readiness. Data from the Learning, Emotion, and Play in School
(LEAPS) project (N=88 preschoolers from 9 schools and 5 ethnicities) was used in this project.
During assessment point 1, peer and teacher interactions were measured using the Individualized
Classroom Assessment Scoring System (inCLASS) and the Classroom Assessment Scoring
System (CLASS). Additionally, participants completed tasks to measure their executive
functioning. The second assessment point measured children’s kindergarten readiness using the
Bracken School Readiness Assessment and the Woodcock-Johnson III. Results revealed that
executive function predicts academic achievement, but there was little association between
children’s interactions and school readiness. Unexpectedly, while teachers’ emotional support
(measured by the CLASS) positively predicted school readiness outcomes, their instructional
support predicted these in a negative direction. The data from this study indicate the importance
of executive functioning skills and teachers’ emotional support for children’s academic success
at the preschool level. Additional studies could research children’s executive functioning at
earlier ages or examine how parental influences can impact children’s executive functioning as
well.
Excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in autism: the role of glutamate and GABA gene-sets in symptoms and cortical brain structure.
Creators: name: Hollestein, Viola
name: Poelmans, Geert
name: Forde, Natalie J
name: Beckmann, Christian F
name: Ecker, Christine
name: Mann, Caroline
name: Schäfer, Tim
name: Moessnang, Carolin
name: Baumeister, Sarah
name: Banaschewski, Tobias
name: Bourgeron, Thomas
name: Loth, Eva
name: Dell'Acqua, Flavio
name: Murphy, Declan GM
name: Puts, Nicolaas A
name: Tillmann, Julian
name: Charman, Tony
name: Jones, Emily JH
name: Mason, Luke
name: Ambrosino, Sara
name: Holt, Rosemary
name: Bölte, Sven
name: Buitelaar, Jan K
name: Naaijen, Jilly
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Article
/631/378
/692/53
/692/699/476/1373
/59/57
article

description: Funder: AIMS-2TRIALS/EU-AIMS which receive support from Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking grant numbers 115300 and 777394
description: Funder: Horizon2020 CANDY programme grant number 847818
description: Funder: Dutch NWO Veni grant grant number VI.Veni.194.032
description: The excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance hypothesis posits that imbalance between excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) mechanisms underlies the behavioral characteristics of autism. However, how E/I imbalance arises and how it may differ across autism symptomatology and brain regions is not well understood. We used innovative analysis methods-combining competitive gene-set analysis and gene-expression profiles in relation to cortical thickness (CT) to investigate relationships between genetic variance, brain structure and autism symptomatology of participants from the AIMS-2-TRIALS LEAP cohort (autism = 359, male/female = 258/101; neurotypical control participants = 279, male/female = 178/101) aged 6-30 years. Using competitive gene-set analyses, we investigated whether aggregated genetic variation in glutamate and GABA gene-sets could be associated with behavioral measures of autism symptoms and brain structural variation. Further, using the same gene-sets, we corelated expression profiles throughout the cortex with differences in CT between autistic and neurotypical control participants, as well as in separate sensory subgroups. The glutamate gene-set was associated with all autism symptom severity scores on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) within the autistic group. In adolescents and adults, brain regions with greater gene-expression of glutamate and GABA genes showed greater differences in CT between autistic and neurotypical control participants although in opposing directions. Additionally, the gene expression profiles were associated with CT profiles in separate sensory subgroups. Our results suggest complex relationships between E/I related genetics and autism symptom profiles as well as brain structure alterations, where there may be differential roles for glutamate and GABA.
Isoelectronic determination of the thermal Casimir force
Creators: name: Bimonte, G.
name: Lopez, D.
name: Decca, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Differential force measurements between spheres coated with either nickel or gold and rotating disks with periodic distributions of nickel and gold are reported. The rotating samples are covered by a thin layer of titanium and a layer of gold. While titanium is used for fabrication purposes, the gold layer (nominal thicknesses of 21, 37, 47 and 87 nm) provides an isoelectronic environment, and is used to nullify the electrostatic contribution but allow the passage of long wavelength Casimir photons. A direct comparison between the experimental results and predictions from Drude and plasma models for the electrical permittivity is carried out. In the models the magnetic permeability of nickel is allowed to change to investigate its effects. Possible sources of errors, both in the experimental and theoretical sides, are taken into account. It is found that a Drude response with magnetic properties of nickel taken into account is unequivocally ruled out. The full analysis of the data indicates that a dielectric plasma response with magnetic properties of Ni included shows good agreement with the data. Neither a Drude nor a plasma dielectric response provide a satisfactory description if the magnetic properties of nickel are disregarded.
description: 16 pages, 15 figures. Extended version accepted in Physical Review B
Applying behaviour change models to policy-making: development and validation of the Policymakers' Information Use Questionnaire (POLIQ).
Creators: name: Shikako, Keiko
name: El Sherif, Reem
name: Cardoso, Roberta
name: Zhang, Hao
name: Lai, Jonathan
name: Mogo, Ebele RI
name: Schuster, Tibor
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Research
Questionnaire
Tool
Validation
Policy-makers
Behaviour change
Evidence-based

description: Funder: Kids Brain Health Network; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100015741
description: Funder: McGill University Health Centre; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100014131
description: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Policymakers' Information Use Questionnaire (POLIQ) to capture the intention of individuals in decision-making positions, such as health policy-makers, to act on research-based evidence in order to inform theory and the application of behaviour change models to decision-making spheres. METHODS: The development and validation comprised three steps: item generation, qualitative face validation with cognitive debriefing and factorial construct validation. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to estimate item-domain correlations for five predefined constructs relating to content, beliefs, behaviour, control and intent. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to assess the overall consistency of questionnaire items with the predefined constructs. Participants in the item generation and face validation were health and policy researchers and two former decision-makers (former assistant deputy ministers) from the Canadian provincial level. Participants in the construct validation were 39 Canadian decision-makers at various positions of municipal, provincial and federal jurisdiction who participated in a series of policy dialogues focused on childhood disability. RESULTS: Cognitive debriefing allowed for small adjustments in language for clarity, including simultaneous validation of the English and French questionnaires. Participants found that the questions were clear and addressed the domains being targeted. Internal consistency of items belonging to the respective questionnaire domains was moderate to high, with estimated Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.67 to 0.84. Estimated item-domain correlations indicated moderate to high measurement performance for the domains norm, control and beliefs, whereas weak to moderate correlations resulted for the constructs content and intent. Estimated imprecision of factor loadings (95% confidence interval widths) was considerable for the questionnaire domains content and intent. CONCLUSION: Measuring decision-makers' behaviour in relation to research evidence use is challenging. We provide initial evidence on face validity and appropriate measurement properties of the POLIQ based on a convenience sample of decision-makers in social and health policy. Larger validation studies and further psychometric property testing will support further utility of the POLIQ.
The strike-slip influenced stratigraphic and structural development of the Foula Sandstone Group, Shetland: implications for offshore Devonian basin development in the northern UKCS
Creators: name: Utley, T. A. G.
name: Holdsworth, R. E.
name: Blackbourn, G. A.
name: Dempsey, E.
name: Strachan, R. A.
name: McCaffrey, K. J. W.
name: Morton, A. C.
name: Bird, A. F.
name: Jones, R. R.
name: Saßnowski, A.
name: Walker, R. J.
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Appendix E: 3D virtual outcrop models.
Association between vitamin D deficiency and hypothyroidism: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012
Creators: name: Appunni, Sandeep
name: Rubens, Muni
name: Ramamoorthy, Venkataraghavan
name: Saxena, Anshul
name: Tonse, Raees
name: Veledar, Emir
name: McGranaghan, Peter
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Hypothyroidism
subject: Low vitamin D
subject: Autoimmune
subject: Thyroid peroxidase
subject: Thyroglobulin
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Purpose: Many smaller studies have previously shown a significant association between thyroid autoantibody induced hypothyroidism and lower serum vitamin D levels. However, these finding have not been confirmed by large-scale studies. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between hypothyroidism and vitamin D levels using a large population-based data. Methods: For this study, we used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during the years 2007-2012. We categorized participants into three clinically relevant categories based on vitamin D levels: optimal, intermediate and deficient. Participants were also split into hypothyroid and hyperthyroid. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the odds of being hypothyroid based on vitamin D status. Results: A total of 7943 participants were included in this study, of which 614 (7.7%) were having hypothyroidism. Nearly 25.6% of hypothyroid patients had vitamin D deficiency, compared to 20.6% among normal controls. Adjusted logistic regression analyses showed that the odds of developing hypothyroidism were significantly higher among patients with intermediate (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.7, 95% CI: 1.5-1.8) and deficient levels of vitamin D (aOR, 1.6, 95% CI: 1.4-1.9). Conclusion: Low vitamin D levels are associated with autoimmune hypothyroidism. Healthcare initiatives such as mass vitamin D deficiency screening among at-risk population could significantly decrease the risk for hypothyroidism in the long-term.
Romantic Relationship Quality and Psychosocial Adjustment in Mid-Adolescence
Creators: name: McCall, Matthew
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Committed romantic relationships are central to the well-being of adults. The onset of these romantic relationships occurs during adolescence, but much remains unknown about the manner in which adolescent relationships mimic or differ from those present in adulthood. Survey data were collected to investigate whether adolescents demonstrate the same gender differences in “withdrawal-and-aggression” vs. “tend-and-befriend” patterns of behavior in low-quality romantic relationships as those observed in adulthood. We hypothesized that (a) relationship quality would be associated with interpersonal measures of psychological adjustment (bullying and excessive reassurance-seeking); (b) boys would be distressed by the absence of positive relationship qualities and the presence of negative relationship qualities whereas girls would be distressed by the presence of negative qualities, and (c) boys would demonstrate bullying behavior as a measure of maladaptive function whereas girls would demonstrate excessive reassurance-seeking behavior. Hierarchical regression results indicated that the absence of positive qualities in a romantic relationship is associated with higher levels of self-reported excessive reassurance seeking for girls only, and the presence of negative qualities in a romantic relationship is associated with higher levels of peer-reported bullying for boys and girls. Results are discussed and related to findings from the adolescent and adult romantic relationship literature. Implications, limitations, and future directions are presented.
On a fluid-structure interaction problem for plaque growth
Creators: name: Abels, Helmut
name: Liu, Yadong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R35, 35Q30, 74F10, 74L15, 76T99

description: We study a free-boundary fluid-structure interaction problem with growth, which arises from the plaque formation in blood vessels. The fluid is described by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation, while the structure is considered as a viscoelastic incompressible neo-Hookean material. Moreover, the growth due to the biochemical process is taken into account. Applying the maximal regularity theory to a linearization of the equations, along with a deformation mapping, we prove the well-posedness of the full nonlinear problem via the contraction mapping principle.
description: 45 pages
Epigenetic and transcriptional regulations prime cell fate before division during human pluripotent stem cell differentiation.
Creators: name: Madrigal, Pedro
name: Deng, Siwei
name: Feng, Yuliang
name: Militi, Stefania
name: Goh, Kim Jee
name: Nibhani, Reshma
name: Grandy, Rodrigo
name: Osnato, Anna
name: Ortmann, Daniel
name: Brown, Stephanie
name: Pauklin, Siim
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Article
/631/532/1360
/631/208/176
/631/532/2064
/631/114/2114
/631/136/142
/13
/13/100
/45/15
/45/91
/38
/13/106
/96
article

description: Funder: Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/100012623
description: Stem cells undergo cellular division during their differentiation to produce daughter cells with a new cellular identity. However, the epigenetic events and molecular mechanisms occurring between consecutive cell divisions have been insufficiently studied due to technical limitations. Here, using the FUCCI reporter we developed a cell-cycle synchronised human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) differentiation system for uncovering epigenome and transcriptome dynamics during the first two divisions leading to definitive endoderm. We observed that transcription of key differentiation markers occurs before cell division, while chromatin accessibility analyses revealed the early inhibition of alternative cell fates. We found that Activator protein-1 members controlled by p38/MAPK signalling are necessary for inducing endoderm while blocking cell fate shifting toward mesoderm, and that enhancers are rapidly established and decommissioned between different cell divisions. Our study has practical biomedical utility for producing hPSC-derived patient-specific cell types since p38/MAPK induction increased the differentiation efficiency of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells.
The strike-slip influenced stratigraphic and structural development of the Foula Sandstone Group, Shetland: implications for offshore Devonian basin development in the northern UKCS
Creators: name: Utley, T. A. G.
name: Holdsworth, R. E.
name: Blackbourn, G. A.
name: Dempsey, E.
name: Strachan, R. A.
name: McCaffrey, K. J. W.
name: Morton, A. C.
name: Bird, A. F.
name: Jones, R. R.
name: Saßnowski, A.
name: Walker, R. J.
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Appendix A: 3D Virtual Outcrop Models and analytical methodologies; Appendix B: Regional stratigraphy; Appendix C: Detrital heavy mineral data.