cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 2 of A core outcome set development for a French national prospective study about the effect of mediolateral episiotomy on obstetric anal sphincter injury during operative vaginal delivery (INSTRUMODA)
Creators: name: Gachon, Bertrand
name: Schmitz, Thomas
name: Artzner, France
name: Parant, Olivier
name: Tayrac, Renaud De
name: Ducarme, Guillaume
name: Ray, Camille Le
name: Pizzoferrato, Anne Cécile
name: Garabedian, Charles
name: Riethmuller, Didier
name: Pierre, Fabrice
name: Ragot, Stephanie
name: Fritel, Xavier
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 2. Online questionnaire for the women in the community stakeholder group.
Energy-dependent kinetic model of photon absorption by superconducting tunnel junctions
Creators: name: Brammertz, G.
name: Kozorezov, A. G.
name: Wigmore, J. K.
name: Hartog, R. den
name: Verhoeve, P.
name: Martin, D.
name: Peacock, A.
name: Golubov, A. A.
name: Rogalla, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a model for photon absorption by superconducting tunnel junctions in which the full energy dependence of all the quasiparticle dynamic processes is included. The model supersedes the well-known Rothwarf-Taylor approach, which becomes inadequate for a description of the small gap structures that are currently being developed for improved detector resolution and responsivity. In these junctions relaxation of excited quasiparticles is intrinsically slow so that the energy distribution remains very broad throughout the whole detection process. By solving the energy-dependent kinetic equations describing the distributions, we are able to model the temporal and spectral evolution of the distribution of quasiparticles initially generated in the photo-absorption process. Good agreement is obtained between the theory and experiment.
description: 25 pages, 15 figures
The US Agriculture Greenhouse Emissions and Environmental Performance
Creators: name: Kabata, Tshepelayi
name: Kabata, Tshepelayi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Productivity
subject: Technical Efficiency
subject: environmental performance

description: This study aims at assessing the environmental performance the U.S. agriculture with respect to GHG emissions across states. To reach this objective, this paper utilizes alternative non-parametric approaches: a graph measure of technical efficiency under strong disposability and weak disposability and a modified output oriented Malmquist index. The graph measure of technical efficiency accounting for undesirable outputs reveals that regulations of agriculture GHG emission would be effective in all states but Delaware, as they would be binding and impose a ‘cost’ in terms of reduction of desirable output. Results show also that on average regulations would improve technical efficient for about 3.5%. States operating on the frontier shift from one to seven when the regulation is accounted for. But the opportunity cost of binding to this regulation amounts to 3.7% reduction of agricultural output. The approach Malmquist index and its components reveal that on average the efficiency change has been invariant to the treatment of the undesirable output as input. The average productivity growth is 2.2 percent when GHG emissions are treated as input whereas it is 2 percent when they are complementally ignored. In both cases, the productivity growth is driven by technological change.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 09/23/11.
A Three-step Model for Optimizing Coil Spacings Inside Cuboid-shaped Magnetic Shields
Creators: name: Liu, Tianhao
name: Schnabel, Allard
name: Voigt, Jens
name: Sun, Zhiyin
name: Li, Liyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A three-step model for calculating the magnetic field generated by coils inside cuboid-shaped shields like magnetically shielded rooms (MSRs) is presented. The shield is modelled as two parallel plates of infinite width and one tube of infinite height. We propose an improved mirror method which considers the effect of the parallel plates of finite thickness. A reaction factor is introduced to describe the influence of the vertical tube, which is obtained from finite element method (FEM) simulations. By applying the improved mirror method and then multiplying the result with the reaction factor, the magnetic flux density within the shielded volume can be determined in a fast computation. The three-step model is verified both with FEM and measurements of the field of a Helmholtz coil inside an MSR with a superconducting quantum interference device. The model allows a fast optimization of shield-coupled coil spacings compared to repetitive time-consuming FEM calculations. As an example, we optimize the distance between two parallel square coils attached to the MSR walls. Measurements of a coil prototype of 2.75~m in side length show a magnetic field change of 18~pT over the central 5~cm at the field strength of 2.7~\textmu T. This obtained relative field change of 6~ppm is a factor of 5.4 smaller than our previously used Helmholtz coil.
High excitation ISM and gas
Creators: name: Peeters, E.
name: Martin-Hernandez, N. L.
name: Rodriguez-Fernandez, N. J.
name: Tielens, A. G. G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An overview is given of ISO results on regions of high excitation ISM and gas, i.e. HII regions, the Galactic Centre and Supernovae Remnants. IR emission due to fine-structure lines, molecular hydrogen, silicates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dust are summarised, their diagnostic capabilities illustrated and their implications highlighted.
description: To be publised in the review book : "ISO science legacy - a compact review of ISO major achievements"
Cannabis use, oral dysbiosis, and neurological disorders
Creators: name: Hazzard, Amber A.
name: Johnson, Douglas E.
name: Fu, Xiaoyu
name: Salman, Tabinda
name: Benitez, Andreana
name: Keegan, Andrew P.
name: McCrorey, Marice
name: Luo, Zhenwu
name: Jiang, Wei
name: Fitting, Sylvia
Publisher: name: De Gruyter
Year: 2024

description:
Cannabis (marijuana) is a leafy plant that has medical, recreational, and other uses. Cannabis is socially accepted and widely used throughout the United States. Though cannabis use is increasingly gaining popularity, studies detail the deleterious effects of chronic cannabis smoking on mental health, as well as the immunosuppressive properties of cannabinoids. Additionally, oral dysbiosis induced by cannabis smoking serves as a novel catalyst for neurological abnormalities, potentially possible through microbial translocation via the oral-brain axis. This review summarizes the effects and link of smoking cannabis on neurological abnormalities, immunity, and oral microbiome.
Enhancement of photo-responsivity of small gap, multiple tunnelling superconducting tunnel junctions due to quasiparticle multiplication
Creators: name: Brammertz, G.
name: Kozorezov, A. G.
name: Hartog, R. den
name: Verhoeve, P.
name: Peacock, A.
name: Wigmore, J. K.
name: Martin, D.
name: Venn, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We recently predicted the formation of a highly non-equilibrium quasiparticle (qp) distribution in low TC multiple tunnelling superconducting tunnel junctions (STJs) [1]. The situation arises through qp energy gain in cycles of successive forward and back tunnelling events in the absence of relaxation via sub-gap phonon emission. The qps can acquire sufficient energy to emit phonons, which break more Cooper pairs and release additional qps. In this paper we report theoretical and experimental studies of the effect of this process on photon detection by such an STJ. We derived a set of energy-dependent balance equations [2], which describe the kinetics of the qps and phonons, including the qp multiplication process described above. Solution of the balance equations gives the non-equilibrium distribution of the qps as a function of time and energy, and hence the responsivity of the STJ as a function of bias voltage. We compared the theoretical results with experiments on high quality, multiple-tunnelling Al STJs cooled to 35mK in an adiabatic demagnetisation refrigerator, and illuminated with monochromatic photons with wavelengths between 250 and 1000 nm. It was found that in the larger junctions with the longest qp loss time, both responsivity and signal decay time increased rapidly with bias voltage. Excellent agreement was obtained between the observed effects and theoretical modelling.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Determining the change in welfare estimates from introducing measurement error in non-linear choice models
Creators: name: Gibson, Fiona L.
name: Burton, Michael P.
name: Gibson, Fiona L.
name: Burton, Michael P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: contingent valuation
subject: attitudes
subject: structural equation modeling
subject: recycled water

description: Observed and unobserved characteristics of an individual are often used by researchers to explain choices over the provision of environmental goods. One means for identifying what is typically an unobserved characteristic, such as an attitude, is through some data reduction technique, such as factor analysis. However, the resultant variable represents the true attitude with measurement error, and hence, when included into a non-linear choice model, introduces bias in the model. There are well established methods to overcome this issue, which are seldom implemented. In an application to preferences over two water source alternatives for Perth in Western Australia, we use structural equation modeling within a discrete choice model to determine whether welfare measures are significantly impacted by ignoring measurement error in latent attitudes, and the advantage to policy makers from understanding what drives certain attitudes.
Anomalous transport in Charney-Hasegawa-Mima flows
Creators: name: Leoncini, Xavier
name: Agullo, Olivier
name: Benkadda, Sadruddin
name: Zaslavsky, George M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transport properties of particles evolving in a system governed by the Charney-Hasegawa-Mima equation are investigated. Transport is found to be anomalous with a non linear evolution of the second moments with time. The origin of this anomaly is traced back to the presence of chaotic jets within the flow. All characteristic transport exponents have a similar value around $μ=1.75$, which is also the one found for simple point vortex flows in the literature, indicating some kind of universality. Moreover the law $γ=μ+1$ linking the trapping time exponent within jets to the transport exponent is confirmed and an accumulation towards zero of the spectrum of finite time Lyapunov exponent is observed. The localization of a jet is performed, and its structure is analyzed. It is clearly shown that despite a regular coarse grained picture of the jet, motion within the jet appears as chaotic but chaos is bounded on successive small scales.
description: revised version
Empirical properties of optima in free semidefinite programs
Creators: name: Evert, Eric
name: Fu, Yi
name: Helton, J. William
name: Yin, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 46L07. Secondary 90C22, 49K10

description: Semidefinite programming is based on optimization of linear functionals over convex sets defined by linear matrix inequalities, namely, inequalities of the form $$L_A(X)=I-A_1X_1-\dots-A_g X_g\succeq0.$$ Here the $X_j$ are real numbers and the set of solutions is called a spectrahedron. These inequalities make sense when the $X_i$ are symmetric matrices of any size, $n\times n$, and enter the formula though tensor product $A_i\otimes X_i$: The solution set of $L_A(X)\succeq0$ is called a free spectrahedron since it contains matrices of all sizes and the defining ``linear pencil" is ``free" of the sizes of the matrices. In this article, we report on empirically observed properties of optimizers obtained from optimizing linear functionals over free spectrahedra restricted to matrices $X_i$ of fixed size $n\times n$. The optimizers we find are always classical extreme points. Surprisingly, in many reasonable parameter ranges, over 99.9\% are also free extreme points. Moreover, the dimension of the active constraint, $\ker(L_A(X^\ell))$, is about twice what we expected. Another distinctive pattern regards reducibility of optimizing tuples $(X_1^\ell,\dots,X_g^\ell)$. We give an algorithm for representing elements of a free spectrahedron as matrix convex combinations of free extreme points; these representations satisfy a very low bound on the number of free extreme points neede
description: 46 pages body. Includes table of contents and index
Additional file 1 of Quality of life after Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy
Creators: name: Nakai, Marianne Yumi
name: Menezes, Marcelo Benedito
name: Carvalho, Julia Vilas Boas Gonçalves De
name: Dias, Lucas Porto Maurity
name: Silva, Leandro Augusto De Barros
name: Tenório, Lucas Ribeiro
name: Gonçalves, Antonio José
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Star-forming protoclusters associated with methanol masers
Creators: name: Minier, V.
name: Burton, M. G.
name: Hill, T.
name: Pestalozzi, M. R.
name: Purcell, C. R.
name: Garay, G.
name: Walsh, A.
name: Longmore, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a multiwavelength study of five methanol maser sites which are not directly associated with a strong ($>100$ mJy) radio continuum source: G 31.28+0.06, G 59.78+0.06, G 173.49+2.42 (S231, S233IR), G 188.95+0.89 (S252, AFGL5180) and G 192.60-0.05 (S255IR). These radio-quiet methanol maser sites are often interpreted as precursors of ultra-compact \ion{H}{ii} regions or massive protostar sites. In this work, the environment of methanol masers is probed from mid-IR to millimetre wavelengths at angular resolutions of $8''-34''$. Spectral energy distribution (SED) diagrams for each site are presented, together with mass and luminosity estimates. Each radio-quiet maser site is always associated with a massive ($>50$ M$_{\odot}$), deeply embedded ($A_v>40$ mag) and very luminous ($>10^4$ S L$_{\odot}$) molecular clump, with $L_{total}{\propto}M_{gas}^{0.75}$. These physical properties characterise massive star-forming clumps in earlier evolutionary phases than \ion{H}{ii} regions. In addition, colder gas clumps seen only at mm-wavelengths are also found near the methanol maser sites. These colderclumps may represent an even earlier phase of massive star formation. These results suggest an evolutionary sequence for massive star formation from a cold clump, seen only at mm wavelengths, evolving to a hot molecular core with a two-component SED with peaks at far-IR and mid-IR wavelengths, to an (ultra-compact) \ion{H}{ii} region. Alternatively, the cold clumps might be clusters of low-mass YSOs, in formation near the massive star-forming clusters. Finally, the values of the dust grain emissivity index ($β$) range between 1.6 and 1.9.
description: 17 pages. A&A in press
Theoretical Analysis of Optically Selective Imaging in Photoinduced Force Microscopy
Creators: name: Yamane, Hidemasa
name: Yamanishi, Junsuke
name: Yokoshi, Nobuhiko
name: Sugawara, Yasuhiro
name: Ishihara, Hajime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study of the measurements of photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM) for composite molecular systems. Using the discrete dipole approximation, we calculate the self-consistent response electric field of the entire sample including the PiFM tip, substrate, and composite molecules. We demonstrate a higher sensitivity for the PiFM measurement on resonant molecules than by the previously obtained tip-sample distance dependency $z^{-4}$ owing of the multifold enhancement of the field between the localized electric field induced at the tip-substrate nanogap and the molecular polarization. The enhanced localized electric field induced at the tip-substrate nanogap in PiFM allows high-resolution observation of the forbidden optical electronic transition in dimer molecules. We investigated the wavelength dependence of PiFM for dimer molecules and obtained images at incident light wavelengths corresponding to allowed and forbidden transitions. We reveal that these PiFM images drastically change with the frequency-dependent spatial structures of the localized electric field vectors and resolve different types of nanoparticles beyond the resolution for the optically allowed transitions. This study demonstrates that PiFM provides multifaceted information based on microscopic interactions between nanomaterials and light.
Exact Inference for Random Effects Meta-Analyses for Small, Sparse Data
Creators: name: Gronsbell, Jessica
name: McCaw, Zachary R.
name: Regis, Timothy
name: Tian, Lu
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2025

description:
Meta-analysis aggregates information across related studies to provide more reliable statistical inference and has been a vital tool for assessing the safety and efficacy of many high-profile pharmaceutical products. A key challenge in conducting a meta-analysis is that the number of related studies is typically small. Applying classical methods that are asymptotic in the number of studies can compromise the validity of inference, particularly when heterogeneity across studies is present. Moreover, serious adverse events are often rare and can result in one or more studies with no events in at least one study arm. Practitioners remove studies in which no events have occurred in one or both arms or apply arbitrary continuity corrections (e.g., adding one event to arms with zero events) to stabilize or define effect estimates in such settings, which can further invalidate subsequent inference. To address these significant practical issues, we introduce an exact inference method for random effects meta-analysis of a treatment effect in the two-sample setting with rare events, which we coin “XRRmeta”. In contrast to existing methods, XRRmeta provides valid inference for meta-analysis in the presence of between-study heterogeneity and when the event rates, number of studies, and/or the within-study sample sizes are small. Extensive numerical studies indicate that XRRmeta does not yield overly conservative inference. We apply our proposed method to two real-data examples using our open-source R package.
Additional file 1 of Prediction of a time-sensitive condition among patients with dizziness assessed by the emergency medical services
Creators: name: C. Magnusson
name: J. Gärskog
name: E. Lökholm
name: J. Stenström
name: R. Wetter
name: C. Axelsson
name: M. Andersson Hagiwara
name: N. Packendorff
name: K. Jood
name: T. Karlsson
name: Herlitz, J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Multivariable analysis for complete cases (backward stepwise selection, p
Additional file 2 of Advancing mental health equality: a mapping review of interventions, economic evaluations and barriers and facilitators
Creators: name: Laura-Louise Arundell
name: Greenwood, Helen
name: Baldwin, Helen
name: Kotas, Eleanor
name: Shubulade Smith
name: Trojanowska, Kasia
name: Cooper, Chris
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Tabulated study characteristics for included primary studies.
Sleep Quality, Nutritional Habits, and Physical Activity in Pediatric Cancer Survivors: A Dyadic Analysis Approach
Creators: name: Serpas, Dylan G.
name: Sauls, Rachel
name: Gray, Heewon L.
name: Stern, Marilyn
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2025

description:
Background/Objectives: Sleep disturbances are prevalent among pediatric cancer survivors (PCSs) and their caregivers, often leading to poorer dietary choices and reduced physical activity. Additionally, the sleep quality and health behaviors of parents and children can affect each other. This study examined bi-directional associations between PCSs and their parents’ sleep quality and health-related behaviors. Methods: 127 parent–child dyads enrolled in a behavioral intervention for pediatric cancer survivors (Mage = 11.04; 53.2% female) and their families completed the Patient Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) and USDA Parent or Child Food and Activity Questionnaire (FAQ). Two actor–partner interdependence models, using multi-level modeling and adjusting for relevant confounds, estimated the bidirectional associations between the parent–child dyad’s sleep quality and composite food and physical activity quality. Results: After controlling for partner BMI and actor and partner age, the effect of children’s PSQI scores on parent’s FAQ scores was statistically significant (β = −0.23, p = 0.036). Poorer sleep quality in children was associated with worse physical activity and dietary behaviors in parents. Second, after adjusting for race, a significant partner effect for parents’ FAQ scores on children’s PSQI scores was shown—greater parental food and physical activity quality was associated with better sleep quality in PCS (β = −0.20, p = 0.041). Conclusions: Better food and activity quality for parents is linked to improved sleep quality for children, while children’s poor sleep quality is associated with lower food and activity quality in parents. The findings highlight the prospective value of systems-focused clinical interventions to manage sleep quality and promote positive health behaviors among PCS.
title: Vivere a San Basilio
Creators: name: Jungwirth, Matthias
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Venedig
subject: Venice

description: Venedig leidet unter hoher Abwanderung der Bevölkerung aus dem historischen Zentrum. Gründe dafür sind zum einen ein akuter Mangel an leistbarem Wohnraum, zum anderen verliert die Stadt immer mehr Arbeitsplätze. Hausbesitzer wandeln ihre Wohnungen zunehmend in touristische Unterkünfte um und viele der realisierten Wohnbauten der letzten Jahre wurden zu Spekulationsobjekten. Diese Entwicklungen gefährden das soziale Gefüge der Stadt. Wie kann Venedig eine lebendige, arbeitende Stadt bleiben? Welche Eigenschaften und Qualitäten braucht eine zeitgemäße Wohnbebauung, um diesen Herausforderungen zu begegnen? Mit dieser Arbeit wird durch Entwicklung eines Wohnbaus im Stadtteil Dorsoduro der Versuch unternommen, diese Fragen zu beantworten. Neben der bestehenden historischen Wohnbebauung werden Beispiele aus jüngerer Zeit analysiert. Die städtebauliche Struktur, der klassische Gebäudetyp der venezianischen Palazzi und weitere Elemente und Charakteristika der Stadt werden untersucht und ihre Qualitäten in die heutige Zeit transformiert.
description: The city of Venice suffers a high population decline in the historical center. On the one hand, this is caused by a lack of affordable housing, on the other hand by a shortage of jobs in the old town. Homeowners are increasingly converting their flats into tourist accommodations and many of the housing projects built in recent years turned into objects of speculation. These developments endanger the social fabric in Venice. How can the city of Venice remain a living and working city? What properties and qualities does contemporary housing need to meet these challenges? This work is an attempt to answer these questions by developing a new housing project in Dorsoduro. The existing residential buildings, both historic and new, the urban structure, the building type of the Venetian palazzi and other elements of the city are examined and their qualities transferred into the present time.
Many-body Decay of the Gapped Lowest Excitation of a Bose-Einstein Condensate
Creators: name: Zhang, Jinyi
name: Eigen, Christoph
name: Zheng, Wei
name: Glidden, Jake A. P.
name: Hilker, Timon A.
name: Garratt, Samuel J.
name: Lopes, Raphael
name: Cooper, Nigel R.
name: Hadzibabic, Zoran
name: Navon, Nir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the decay mechanism of the gapped lowest-lying excitation of a quasi-pure box-trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. Owing to the absence of lower-energy modes, or direct coupling to an external bath, this excitation is protected against one-body (linear) decay and the damping mechanism is exclusively nonlinear. We develop a universal theoretical model that explains this fundamental nonlinear damping as a process whereby two quanta of the gapped lowest excitation mode couple to a higher-energy mode, which subsequently decays into a continuum. We find quantitative agreement between our experiments and the predictions of this model. Finally, by strongly driving the system below its (lowest) resonant frequency we observe third-harmonic generation, a hallmark of nonlinear behavior.
description: Main text: 5 pages, 4 figures; Supplemental material: 3 pages
Projected Spatiotemporal Evolution of Urban Form Using the SLEUTH Model with Urban Master Plan Scenarios
Creators: name: Bi, Xing
name: Wu, Jiong
name: Wang, Meng
name: Li, Junxiang
name: Liu, Yuhan
name: Zhang, Yangcen
name: Wu, Caiyan
name: Song, Conghe
name: Yan, Enrong
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2025

description:
Urban growth, a pivotal characteristic of economic development, brings many environmental and ecological challenges. Modeling urban growth is essential for understanding its spatial dynamics and projecting future trends, providing insights for effective urban planning and sustainable development. This study aims to assess the spatiotemporal patterns of urban growth and morphological evolution in mainland Shanghai from 2016 to 2060 using the SLEUTH model under multiple growth scenarios based on the Shanghai Urban Master Plan (2017–2035). A comprehensive set of urban growth metrics and quadrant analysis were employed to quantify the magnitude, rate, intensity, and direction of urban growth, as well as morphological evolution, over time. We found that (1) significant urban growth was observed across most scenarios, with the exception of stringent land protection. The most substantial growth occurred prior to 2045 with an obvious north–south disparity, where southern regions demonstrated more pronounced increases in urban land area and urbanization rates. (2) The spatiotemporal patterns of the rate and intensity of urban growth exhibited similar characteristics. The spatial pattern followed a “concave shape” pattern and displayed anisotropic behavior, with the high values for these indicators primarily observed before 2025. (3) The urban form followed a diffusion–coalescence process, with patch areas dominated by the infilling mode and patch numbers dominated by the edge-expansion mode. This resulted in significant alternating urban growth models in the infilling, edge-expansion, and leapfrog modes over time, influenced by varying protection intensities. These findings provide valuable insights for forward-looking urban planning, land use optimization, and the support of sustainable urban development.
Additional file 3 of Advancing mental health equality: a mapping review of interventions, economic evaluations and barriers and facilitators
Creators: name: Laura-Louise Arundell
name: Greenwood, Helen
name: Baldwin, Helen
name: Kotas, Eleanor
name: Shubulade Smith
name: Trojanowska, Kasia
name: Cooper, Chris
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Tabulated study characteristics for included systematic reviews.
Interlayer interaction controlling the properties of AB- and AA-stacked bilayer graphene-like BC$_{14}$N and Si$_{2}$C$_{14}$
Creators: name: Abdullah, Nzar Rauf
name: Rashid, Hunar Omar
name: Manolescu, Andrei
name: Gudmundsson, Vidar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model bilayer graphene-like materials with Si$_2$C$_{14}$ and BC$_{14}$N stoichiometry, where the interlayer interactions play important roles shaping the physical properties of the systems. We find the interlayer interaction in Si$_2$C$_{14}$ to be repulsive due to the interaction of Si-Si atoms, and in BC$_{14}$N it is attractive due to B and N atoms for both the AA- and the AB-stacking. The repulsive interlayer interaction opens up a bandgap in Si$_2$C$_{14}$ while the attractive interlayer interaction in BC$_{14}$N induces a small indirect bandgap or overlaping of the valence conduction bands. Furthermore, the repulsive interaction decreases the Young modulus while the attractive interaction does not influence the Young modulus much. The stress-strain curves of both the AA- and the AB-stackings are suppressed compared to pure graphine bilayers. The optical response of Si$_2$C$_{14}$ is very sensitive to an applied electric field and an enrichment in the optical spectra is found at low energy. The enrichment is attributed to the bandgap opening and increased energy spacing between the $π{\text -}π^*$ bands. In BC$_{14}$N, the optical spectra are reduced due to the indirect bandgap or the overlapping of the $π{\text -}π^* $ bands. Last, a high Seebeck coefficient is observed due to the presence of a direct bandgap in Si$_2$C$_{14}$, while it is not much enhanced in BC$_{14}$N.
description: RevTeX, 11 pages with 5 included figures
Optical photon detection in Al Superconducting Tunnel Junctions
Creators: name: Brammertz, G.
name: Peacock, A.
name: Verhoeve, P.
name: Martin, D.
name: Venn, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the successful fabrication of low leakage aluminium superconducting tunnel junctions with very homogeneous and transparent insulating barriers. The junctions were tested in an adiabatic demagnetisation refrigerator with a base temperature of 35 mK. The normal resistance of the junctions is equal to ~7 uohm cm2 with leakage currents in the bias voltage domain as low as 100 fA/um2. Optical single photon counting experiments show a very high responsivity with charge amplification factors in excess of 100. The total resolving power (including electronic noise) for 500 nm photons is equal to 13 compared to a theoretical tunnel limited value of 34. The current devices are found to be limited spectroscopically by spatial inhomogeneities in the detectors response
description: 3 pages, 5 figures
Stressors contributing to burnout among acute care and trauma surgery care teams: a systems-analysis approach
Creators: name: Goodacre, Viola
name: Greenberg, Caprice
name: Mazur, Lukasz
name: Kwong, Elizabeth
name: Ivester, Thomas
name: Adapa, Karthik
name: Vizer, Lisa
name: Ra, Jin
name: Marks, Lawrence B
name: Charguia, Nadia
Publisher: name: BMJ
Year: 2025

description:
Background Burnout negatively impacts healthcare professionals’ well-being, leading to an increased risk of human errors and patient harm. There are limited assessments of burnout and associated stressors among acute care and trauma surgery teams.


Methods Acute care and trauma surgery team members at a US academic medical center were administered a survey that included a 2-item Maslach Burnout Inventory and 21 workplace stressors based on the National Academy of Medicine’s systems model of clinician burnout and professional well-being. Stressors were summarized and presented to participants in focus groups. Contextual inquiries (CIs) were conducted to gather additional information about key stressors. Qualitative data were used to generate an affinity model, which participants then validated and used to prioritize top stressors. Participants rated stressors by level of impact and level of effort, and improvement recommendations were made based on these results.


Results 74% (n=14/19) acute care and trauma surgery team members reported high burnout. Key stressors included inadequate staffing, organizational culture, excessive workload, and inefficient workflows. Attending faculty (surgeons) classified the following key priorities for improvement: (i) improve throughput and patient flow, (ii) provide better information technology support, and (iii) improve rewards and support. Non-faculty (advanced practice providers (APPs), nurses, staff) classified the following for improvement: (i) align APP job responsibilities, (ii) improve lack of recognition from leadership, and (iii) robust and consistent APP training.


Conclusions A contextual design approach to studying burnout using surveys, focus groups, CIs, modeling, and validation and prioritization is a feasible method for identifying key stressors and improvements that may enable more impactful and appropriately targeted interventions. Results indicate high levels of burnout among acute care and trauma surgery team members, requiring prioritized attention to operational and relationship issues necessary to care for patients. Efforts to improve surgery teams’ workflows, auxiliary support, compensation, and relationships with leadership may address burnout.


Level of evidence Level V.
Combining Consumer Valuation Research with Sensory Science Techniques: A Laboratory Experiment
Creators: name: Gustafson, Christopher R.
name: Lybbert, Travis J.
name: Sumner, Daniel A.
name: Gustafson, Christopher R.
name: Lybbert, Travis J.
name: Sumner, Daniel A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Experimental Economics
subject: Willingness to Pay
subject: WTP
subject: Wine
subject: Consumer Valuation
subject: Hedonic Pricing
subject: Sensory Analysis

description: In this research, we integrated an experimental auction with sensory science techniques—namely, trained sensory panels used to analyze the sensory attributes of wines—to examine the effects of objective and sensory information in the market for California-produced Cabernet Sauvignons. The experiment permitted observation of consumer valuation for sensory attributes of wine, appellations, expert ratings, and wineries. Participants submitted bids each time they received new information about the wines. The balanced experimental design permits evaluation of the effects of consumer characteristics on attribute valuation. We had 236 people participate in the research, which consisted of nine rounds of bidding and one round of hedonic liking scores. Rounds 5-9 repeated the structure of information released in rounds 1-4, but added sensory information, yielding 472 observations for each type of information (e.g. appellation, expert rating, winery). We obtain a total of 8496 valuations, or bids and 944 hedonic “liking” ratings, as well as demographic information, wine consumption data, and a wine knowledge score for each consumer. The results of the research agree with many of the previously held notions about valuation of wine by consumers. Participants value Cabernet Sauvignons from Napa Valley and Sonoma County and their sub-appellations more than wines labeled with the California appellation. Bids for wines rated by experts such as the Wine Advocate (Robert Parker) or Wine Spectator increased as the experts’ ratings increased. However, we also find that consumer characteristics are very important in explaining WTP for wine attributes. The contributions of prestigious appellations to the value of Cabernet Sauvignons depended on consumer characteristics. Willingness to pay was highly correlated with sensory evaluation, but even after tasting the wine, appellation and expert ratings still mattered for WTP. Overall, the research describes a significant amount of heterogeneity in the preferences for sensory characteristics of wine, and that individual characteristics systematically explain many of the differences in valuation of wine attributes.
Additional file 6 of Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) related to immunogenic cell death are differentially triggered by clinically relevant chemotherapeutics in lung adenocarcinoma cells
Creators: name: Solari, José Ignácio Gonzalez
name: Filippi-Chiela, Eduardo
name: Pilar, Emily Salles
name: Nunes, Vitória
name: Gonzalez, Esteban Alberto
name: Fabrício Figueiró
name: Andrade, Cristiano Feijó
name: Fábio Klamt
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 6: Fig. S6 Correlation matrix to all measurements assessed. ρ coef. Represent the pearson correlation coefficients. Red and green boxes correspond to all negative or positive significant correlations, respectively. Abbreviatures: ‘% Annex+/PI- cells’ - % of annexin+/Propidium Iodide negative cells; ‘% CRT+ cells’ - % of calreticulin-positive cells; ‘% AO+ cells’ - % of acridine orange-positive cells; ‘ATP’ - levels of extracellular ATP; ‘HMGB1’ - levels of extracellular HMGB1; ‘CRT Marg.’ - Margination of Calreticulin; ‘%LR, %N, %SR and %Irreg’ - percentage of ‘Large and Regular’, ‘Normal’, ‘Small and Regular’ and ‘Irregular’ nuclei from NMA analysis; ‘Nuc Area’ - nuclear area.
Accounting for agronomic rotations in crop production: A theoretical investigation and an empirical modeling framework
Creators: name: Carpentier, Alain
name: Gohin, Alexandre
name: Letort, Elodie
name: Carpentier, Alain
name: Gohin, Alexandre
name: Letort, Elodie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Crop rotation
subject: Dynamic programming
subject: Acreage choice

description: As far as crop acreage choices are concerned, a consensus seems to exist among agricultural scientists and extension agents: crop rotation effects and the related constraints are major determinants of farmers’ crop choices. Crop rotation effects are inherently dynamic. They are generally ignored in multicrop models with land as an allocable input found in the literature since most of these models are developed within a static framework. The aim of this paper is twofold (i) to propose a new approach and tools for investigating dynamic crop acreage choices accounting for crop rotation benefits and constraints and (ii) to illustrate the impacts of crop rotation effects and constraints on farmers’ acreage choices through simulation examples. The models proposed in this paper are sufficiently simple for being empirically tractable either in simulation studies or in econometric and mathematical programming analyses. Our simulation results tend to show responses of the optimal dynamic acreages to simple price shocks which are much more complex than those implied by static models. They also demonstrate that farmers’ perceptions of the future economic context are crucial determinants of their acreage choices. In fact current acreage choices may appear suboptimal in a static sense but are fully consistent when dynamic effects of crop rotations are specified.
Effect of damage by 2-MeV He ions and annealing on Hc2 in MgB2 thin films
Creators: name: Gandikota, R.
name: Singh, R. K.
name: Kim, J.
name: Wilkens, B.
name: Newman, N.
name: Rowell, J. M.
name: Pogrebnyakov, A. V.
name: Xi, X. X.
name: Redwing, J. M.
name: Xu, S. Y.
name: Li, Qi
name: Moeckly, B. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of damage induced by 2-MeV alpha particles, followed by annealing, on the critical temperature (Tc), resistivity, and upper critical field (Hc2), of three MgB2 films made by different deposition processes has been studied. Damage creates a linear decrease in Tc with residual resistivity, and produces maxima in both Hc2(0)-perpendicular and Hc2(0)-parallel. Below Tcs of about 25 K, Hc2(0) depends roughly linearly on Tc, while the anisotropy of Hc2(0) decreases as Tc decreases. Annealing the films reproduces the Tc vs. residual resistivity dependence but not the Hc2(0) values induced by damage.
description: 15 pages including one table and three figures; Submitted to Applied Physics Letters
The Relationship Between a Mediterranean Diet and Frailty in Older Adults: NHANES 2007–2017
Creators: name: Spangler, Hillary B.
name: Sun, Chang
name: Batsis, John A.
name: Gross, Danae C.
name: Dahringer, Jessica C.
name: Lynch, David H.
name: Bramblett, Paige
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2025

description:
Background: Frailty is a geriatric syndrome of significant public health concern that causes vulnerability to physiologic stressors and an increased risk of mortality and hospitalizations. Dietary intake and quality are contributing factors to the development of frailty. The Mediterranean diet is known to be one of the healthiest eating patterns with promising health impacts for prevention. We evaluated the association between Mediterranean diet patterns and frailty status. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2007 to 2017. We included 7300 participants aged > 60 years who completed the first day of a 24 h diet recall and had full covariate data. We constructed an alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) score based on the quantity of specific food-group intake and categorized participants to low-, moderate-, and high-adherence groups (aMED adherence scores of 0–2, 3–4, and 5–9, respectively). Using a modified Fried Frailty phenotype (weakness, low physical activity, exhaustion, slow walking speed, and weight loss), participants were categorized as robust (met no criteria), pre-frail (met one or two criteria), and frail (met three or more criteria). Logistic regression evaluated the association of frailty (prefrail/robust as referent) and aMED adherence. Results: Included participants were mainly female (54.5%) and non-Hispanic White (80.0%). The mean (SD) aMED score was 3.6 (1.6) with 45% of participants falling into moderate aMED adherence (26% low adherence, 30% high adherence). Frailty prevalence among participants was 7.1%, with most participants classified as robust (51.0%) or pre-frail (41.9%). Fully adjusted models showed significantly reduced odds of frailty with moderate-adherence and high-adherence groups (odds ratio (95%CI) of 0.71 (0.55, 0.92) and 0.52 (0.36, 0.75), respectively). Conclusions: Mediterranean diet adherence is associated with decreased odds of frailty in older adults. These findings suggest that adherence to a Mediterranean diet may play a critical role in mitigating frailty and its associated conditions. Future research should include longitudinal and interventional studies that can definitively determine the effect of a Mediterranean diet on frailty and what food components provide the greatest benefit.
Convoluted Fractional Poisson Process
Creators: name: Kataria, K. K.
name: Khandakar, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 60G22, 60G55, Secondary: 60G51, 60J75

description: In this paper, we introduce and study a convoluted version of the time fractional Poisson process by taking the discrete convolution with respect to space variable in the system of fractional differential equations that governs its state probabilities. We call the introduced process as the convoluted fractional Poisson process (CFPP). The explicit expression for the Laplace transform of its state probabilities are obtained whose inversion yields its one-dimensional distribution. Some of its statistical properties such as probability generating function, moment generating function, moments etc. are obtained. A special case of CFPP, namely, the convoluted Poisson process (CPP) is studied and its time-changed subordination relationships with CFPP are discussed. It is shown that the CPP is a Lévy process using which the long-range dependence property of CFPP is established. Moreover, we show that the increments of CFPP exhibits short-range dependence property.
Implications of a new temperature scale for halo dwarfs on LiBeB and chemical evolution
Creators: name: Fields, Brian D.
name: Olive, Keith A.
name: Vangioni-Flam, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) and the cosmic baryon density from cosmic microwave background anisotropies together predict a primordial Li7 abundance a factor of 2--3 higher than that observed in galactic halo dwarf stars. A recent analysis of Li7 observations in halo stars, using significantly higher surface temperature for these stars, found a higher Li plateau abundance. These results go a long way towards resolving the discrepancy with BBN. Here, we examine the implications of the higher surface temperatures on the abundances of Be and B which are thought to have been produced in galactic cosmic-ray nucleosynthesis by spallation of CNO together with Li (produced in alpha + alpha collisions). While the Be abundance is not overly sensitive to the surface temperature, the derived B abundances and more importantly the derived oxygen abundances are very temperature dependent. If the new temperature scale is correct, the implied increased abundances of these elements poses a serious challenge to models of galactic cosmic ray nucleosynthesis and galactic chemical evolution.
description: 23 pages, 10 eps figures