cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A nonlocal multiscale discrete-continuum model for predicting mechanical behavior of granular materials
Creators: name: Liu, Yang
name: Sun, WaiChing
name: Yuan, Zifeng
name: Fish, Jacob
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Granular materials
subject: Granular materials--Mathematical models
subject: Strains and stresses
subject: Anisotropy
subject: Soil mechanics
subject: Soil mechanics--Mathematical models
subject: Multiscale modeling
subject: Materials science
subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Mechanics

description: A three-dimensional nonlocal multiscale discrete-continuum model has been developed for modeling mechanical behavior of granular materials. In the proposed multiscale scheme, we establish an information-passing coupling between the discrete element method, which explicitly replicates granular motion of individual particles, and a finite element continuum model, which captures nonlocal overall responses of the granular assemblies. The resulting multiscale discrete-continuum coupling method retains the simplicity and efficiency of a continuum-based finite element model, while circumventing mesh pathology in the post-bifurcation regime by means of staggered nonlocal operator. We demonstrate that the multiscale coupling scheme is able to capture the plastic dilatancy and pressure-sensitive frictional responses commonly observed inside dilatant shear bands, without employing a phenomenological plasticity model at a macroscopic level. In addition, internal variables, such as plastic dilatancy and plastic flow direction, are now inferred directly from granular physics, without introducing unnecessary empirical relations and phenomenology. The simple shear and the biaxial compression tests are used to analyze the onset and evolution of shear bands in granular materials and sensitivity to mesh density. The robustness and the accuracy of the proposed multiscale model are verified in comparisons with single-scale benchmark discrete element method simulations.
Higher Fees Paid To US Physicians Drive Higher Spending For Physician Services Compared To Other Countries
Creators: name: Laugesen, Miriam
name: Glied, Sherry A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Public health--Costs
Physicians
Expenditures, Public
Government spending policy--U.S. states
Developed countries
Medical care, Cost of
Medicine
Public health

description: Higher health care prices in the United States are a key reason that the nation’s health spending is so much higher than that of other countries. Our study compared physicians’ fees paid by public and private payers for primary care office visits and hip replacements in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We also compared physicians’ incomes net of practice expenses, differences in financing the cost of medical education, and the relative contribution of payments per physician and of physician supply in the countries’ national spending on physician services. Public and private payers paid somewhat higher fees to US primary care physicians for office visits (27 percent more for public, 70 percent more for private) and much higher fees to orthopedic physicians for hip replacements (70 percent more for public, 120 percent more for private) than public and private payers paid these physicians’ counterparts in other countries. US primary care and orthopedic physicians also earned higher incomes ($186,582 and $442,450, respectively) than their foreign counterparts. We conclude that the higher fees, rather than factors such as higher practice costs, volume of services, or tuition expenses, were the main drivers of higher US spending, particularly in orthopedics.
Brain tissue volume changes following weight gain in adults with anorexia nervosa
Creators: name: Roberto, Christina A.
name: Mayer, Laurel
name: Brickman, Adam M.
name: Barnes, Anna
name: Muraskin, Jordan Scott
name: Yeung, Lok-Kin
name: Steffener, Jason
name: Sy, Melissa
name: Hirsch, Joy
name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Walsh, B. Timothy
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Anorexia nervosa--Physiological aspects
subject: Starvation
subject: Weight gain
subject: Brain--Growth
subject: Brain--Abnormalities
subject: Anorexia nervosa
subject: Mental health
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Objective: To measure brain volume deficits among underweight patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) compared to control participants and evaluate the reversibility of these deficits with short-term weight restoration. Method: Brain volume changes in gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were examined in 32 adult women with AN and compared to 21, age and body mass index-range matched control women. Results: Patients with AN had a significant increase in GM (p = .006, η2 = 0.14) and WM volume (p = .001, η2 = 0.19) following weight restoration. Patients on average had lower levels of GM at low weight (647.63 ± 62.07 ml) compared to controls (679.93 ± 53.31 ml), which increased with weight restoration (662.64 ± 69.71 ml), but did not fully normalize. Discussion: This study suggests that underweight adult patients with AN have reduced GM and WM volumes that increase with short-term weight restoration.
Multiscale analysis of shear failure of thick-walled hollow cylinder in dry sand
Creators: name: Guo, N.
name: Zhao, J.
name: Sun, WaiChing
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Sand
subject: Soil mechanics
subject: Shear (Mechanics)
subject: Strains and stresses
subject: Shear strength of soils
subject: Microstructure
subject: Anisotropy
subject: Materials science
subject: Mechanics
subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: A novel hierarchical multiscale model has been applied to simulate the thick-walled hollow cylinder tests in dry sand and to investigate the corresponding shear failures. The combined finite-element method and discrete-element method (FEM/DEM) model employs the FEM as a vehicle to advance the solution for a macroscopic non-linear boundary value problem incrementally. It is, meanwhile, free of conventional macroscopic phenomenological constitutive law, which is replaced by discrete-element simulations conducted with representative volume elements (RVEs) associated with the Gauss quadrature points of the FEM mesh. Numerical simulations proposed by the authors indicate that this multiscale approach is capable of replicating the evolution of cavity pressure during cavity expansion – before and after the onset of strain localisation – in qualitative agreement with laboratory tests. In particular, the curvilinear shear bands observed from experiments have been reproduced numerically. The information provided by the mesoscale DEM and the macroscale FEM reveals a close linkage between significant particle rotations taking place inside the dilative shear bands and the highly anisotropic microstructural attributes of the associated RVEs.
Hyaena brunnea Thunberg 1820
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Hyaenidae
Hyaena
Hyaena brunnea

description: Hyaena brunnea Thunberg, 1820. Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Acad. Handl. Stockholm, p. 59. TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope. DISTRIBUTION: Africa south of Zambesi River. PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U.S. ESA - Endangered. ISIS NUMBER: 5301412006002001001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
Hyla boesemani Goin 1966
Creators: name: Miracle, Eulàlia Gassó
name: Van, Lars W.
name: Ostende, Den Hoek
name: Arntzen, Jan Willem
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Hylidae
Hyla
Hyla boesemani

description: Hyla boesemani Goin, 1966
 Goin, 1966a. Zool. Meded. Leiden, 41: 229; fig. 1. Current name: Scinax boesemani (Goin, 1966)
Holotype: RMNH 12601, 1 ɗ. Loc.: “near Zanderij, Suriname District, Suriname ”. Leg.: C.J. Goin and D.C. Geijskes.
Paratypes: RMNH 12602-12603, 2 ɗɗ. Loc.: “near Zanderij, Suriname District, Suriname ”. Leg.: C.J. Goin and D.C. Geijskes.
 Remarks. Other paratypes are in the Florida State Museum (FSM 22367), the Coleman J. Goin Collection [now in the Museum of Northern Arizona in Flagstaff] (CJG 2408-09, 2414, 2385 -87), the American Museum of Natural History in New York (A75555), the Natural History Museum in London (BM 1966.26), the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh (CM 41595), the Museum of Comparitive Zoology in Cambridge, Massachusetts (MCZ 52833) and the National Museum of Natural History in Washington (USNM 159140).
description: Published as part of Miracle, Eulàlia Gassó, Van, Lars W., Ostende, Den Hoek & Arntzen, Jan Willem, 2007, Type specimens of amphibians in the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 25-68 in Zootaxa 1482 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176896
Asymptotically hyperbolic black holes in Horava gravity
Creators: name: Janiszewski, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solutions of Horava gravity that are asymptotically Lifshitz are explored. General near boundary expansions allow the calculation of the mass of these spacetimes via a Hamiltonian method. Both analytic and numeric solutions are studied which exhibit a causal boundary called the universal horizon, and are therefore black holes of the theory. The thermodynamics of an asymptotically Anti-de Sitter Horava black hole are verified.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures; Version 2 fixes negative signs and adds a condensed introduction
Superfluidity and Space-Time Translation Symmetry Breaking
Creators: name: Wilczek, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present a simple model that exhibits a temporal analogue of superconducting crystalline (LOFF) ordering. I sketch designs for minimally dissipative AC circuits, all based on time translation symmetry ($τ$) invariant dynamics, exploiting weak links (Josephson effects). These systems violate $τ$ spontaneously. I also discuss effective theories of that phenomenon, and space-time generalizations.
description: 8 pages, no figures
Launching the New American College of Cardiology Research Network:
Advancing High-Value Collaborative Research via “Innovative Networking”
Creators: name: Abdalla, Marwah
name: Light-McGroary, KellyAnn
name: Tong, Carl
name: Freeman, Andrew M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Medicine
Mentoring
Physicians
Medical students
Career development
Medical personnel--Vocational guidance
Cardiologists

description: The landscape of research and academic medicine is changing significantly, especially for the early career professional (ECP) cardiologist. The recent viewpoint paper in the Journal detailing the challenges of the early career academic cardiologist crystallizes this complex situation. Although there is a clear desire to conduct research among those surveyed, there are major obstacles to achieving a successful research career. Two of the major challenges identified by ECPs are a lack of collaborators and a lack of research mentors to assist in generating the needed data to produce a competitive grant application. As identified by the survey, a lack of collaborators and mentors negatively affects one’s ability to achieve viable research funding. The most vulnerable are cardiology fellows and junior investigators who are new to research, especially those with nontraditional research interests, who can struggle to find mentorship within their institutions. Those who are new to research must often rely on informal networking with speakers who are invited to give grand rounds within their institution or at national conferences. For a minority, these haphazard meetings may turn into successful long-term research collaborations, but for many, they unfortunately do not. Additionally, for ECPs already involved in research, there is inadequate access to new techniques and innovations as a direct result of the absence of comprehensive and collaborative research-oriented networks. For example, short-term access to expensive equipment or needed reagents may be the limiting factor in one’s research endeavors. Indeed, as highlighted in a recent Leadership Page in the Journal, there is little national investment in research networks, leading to many inefficiencies and unnecessary delays.
Exploring bat song syllable representations in self-supervised audio encoders
Creators: name: Kloots, Marianne de Heer
name: Knörnschild, Mirjam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: How well can deep learning models trained on human-generated sounds distinguish between another species' vocalization types? We analyze the encoding of bat song syllables in several self-supervised audio encoders, and find that models pre-trained on human speech generate the most distinctive representations of different syllable types. These findings form first steps towards the application of cross-species transfer learning in bat bioacoustics, as well as an improved understanding of out-of-distribution signal processing in audio encoder models.
description: Presented at VIHAR-2024; see https://vihar-2024.vihar.org/
Finite-temperature decoherence of spin states in a $\texttt{\{}\emph{Cu}_3\texttt{\}}$ single molecular magnet
Creators: name: Hao, Xiang
name: Wang, Xiaoqun
name: Liu, Chen
name: Zhu, Shiqun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the quantum evolution of spin states of a single molecular magnet in a local electric field. The decoherence of a $\texttt{\{}\emph{Cu}_3\texttt{\}}$ single molecular magnet weakly coupled to a thermal bosonic environment can be analyzed by the spin-boson model. Using the finite-temperature time-convolutionless quantum master equation, we obtain the analytical expression of the reduced density matrix of the system in the secular approximation. The suppressed and revived dynamical behavior of the spin states are presented by the oscillation of the chirality spin polarization on the time scale of the correlation time of the environment. The quantum decoherence can be effectively restrained with the help of the manipulation of local electric field and the environment spectral density function. Under the influence of the dissipation, the pointer states measured by the von Neumann entropy are calculated to manifest the entanglement property of the system-environment model.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1208.1549
Buff notebooks [Langrishe, Go Down] (02)
Creators: name: Higgins, Aidan, 1927-2015
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Authors, Irish
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/822116
subject: English literature
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/911989
subject: English literature--Irish authors
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/912074
subject: Authors
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821688
subject: Literature
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/999953
subject: Authorship
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/822442
subject: Fiction
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1423787
subject: Modernism (Literature)
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1024455
subject: Literature, Modern
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1000172

description: Second of three bound journal/notebooks containing handwritten notes and drawings by Aidan Higgins for his novel "Langrishe, Go Down" (1966).
Key principles to accelerate progress in noncommunicable disease care and treatment: Discussion Paper
Creators: name: Greene, Kate
name: Sakolsky, Natasha
name: Daly, Jessica
name: Dirks, Rebecca
name: Kekihembo, Constance
name: Rabkin, Miriam
name: White, Heather
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Therapeutics
Disease management
Community health services
Chronic diseases
Medicine
Health services administration
Medical care

description: Recognizing the need for greater attention worldwide to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, implementers are increasingly putting NCD programs in place. This effort is yielding practice-based experiences and evidence that may not be systematically documented and shared, reflected in a limited body of peer-reviewed and gray literature and few platforms for knowledge exchange. To draw on such knowledge that is grounded in experience, we gathered information through reviews of literature, local needs assessments, technical dialogues at the national and local levels, and structured global stakeholder engagement events to yield four principles that reflect the current state of knowledge on developing and implementing community-based services for health promotion and disease management: (1) Support and empower people living with chronic disease to provide better self-care and advocate for improved services. (2) Invest in integrating NCDs into existing development platforms but do not underestimate true costs and effort. (3) Engage a broad range of front-line health workers to champion care. (4) Build coalitions to leverage the strengths of both the public sector’s and private sector’s capacity and leadership. If applied consistently by funders and implementers, these principles have the potential to accelerate progress in reaching low-resourced communities with NCD care and treatment services. At the same time, if implementers commit to proactively, transparently, and collaboratively sharing experience-based learning, the NCD movement will not only pick up speed and be well supported by evidence but will also benefit from programmatic, financial, and political synergies at the global, national, and local levels.
Hyaena hyaena
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Hyaenidae
Hyaena
Hyaena hyaena

description: Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:40. TYPE LOCALITY: S. Iran, Laristan, Benna Mtns. DISTRIBUTION: N. and E. Africa south to Tanzania; Asia Minor to Arabia; Iran; Transcaucasia; Turkmenia (U.S. S. R.); India; Nepal. COMMENT: Type locality restricted by Thomas, 1911, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911: 134. Reviewed by Rieger, 1981, Mamm. Species, 150: 105. PROTECTED STATUS: U.S. ESA - Endangered as H. h. barbara subspecies only. ISIS NUMBER: 5301412006002002001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
description: {"references": ["Rieger, I. 1981. Hyaena hyaena. Mammalian Species, 150: 1 - 5."]}
Endocytic uptake of particles by mononuclear phagocytes and the penetration of obligate intracellular parasites
Creators: name: Silverstein, Samuel C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1977
Subjects: subject: Macrophages
subject: Endocytosis
subject: Intracellular pathogens
subject: Cytology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Medicine

description: As William Trager pointed out some time ago in a review in 'Science', all obligate intracellular parasites--be they viral, bacterial, or protozoan--face a common dilemma. That dilemma is to invade their host cells in a way that is not destructive of the host cell upon whose metabolic hospitality and functional well-being their own reproduction depends. Simply stated, these organisms must penetrate the plasma membranes of their host and take up residence in a suitable location in the cell's cytoplasm. Since many of the speakers in this session will address them selves to the issues of penetration and intracellular location of specific organisms, I view my task as one of trying to place these issues into a general conceptual framework.
Approximations of quantum-graph vertex couplings by singularly scaled rank-one operators
Creators: name: Exner, Pavel
name: Manko, Stepan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Q35, 81Q10

description: We investigate approximations of the vertex coupling on a star-shaped graph by families of operators with singularly scaled rank-one interactions. We find a family of vertex couplings, generalizing the $δ'$-interaction on the line, and show that with a suitable choice of the parameters they can be approximated in this way in the norm-resolvent sense. We also analyze spectral properties of the involved operators and demonstrate convergence of the corresponding on-shell scattering matrices.
description: 12 pages
Lunar interior properties from the GRAIL mission
Creators: name: Konopliv, Alexander S.
name: Williams, James G.
name: Boggs, Dale H.
name: Park, Ryan S.
name: Yuan, Dah-Ning
name: Lemoine, Frank G.
name: Goossens, Sander
name: Mazarico, Erwan
name: Nimmo, Francis
name: Weber, Renee C.
name: Asmar, Sami W.
name: Melosh, H. Jay
name: Neumann, Gregory A.
name: Phillips, Roger J.
name: Smith, David E.
name: Solomon, Sean C.
name: Watkins, Michael M.
name: Wieczorek, Mark A.
name: Andrews-Hanna, Jeffrey C.
name: Head, James W.
name: Kiefer, Walter S.
name: Matsuyama, Isamu
name: McGovern, Patrick J.
name: Taylor, G. Jeffrey
name: Zuber, Maria T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mass (Physics)
subject: Planets--Internal structure
subject: Gravity--Measurement
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Planetology

description: The Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission has sampled lunar gravity with unprecedented accuracy and resolution. The lunar GM, the product of the gravitational constant G and the mass M, is very well determined. However, uncertainties in the mass and mean density, 3345.56 ± 0.40 kg/m3, are limited by the accuracy of G. Values of the spherical harmonic degree-2 gravity coefficients J2 and C22, as well as the Love number k2 describing lunar degree-2 elastic response to tidal forces, come from two independent analyses of the 3 month GRAIL Primary Mission data at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Goddard Space Flight Center. The two k2 determinations, with uncertainties of ~1%, differ by 1%; the average value is 0.02416 ± 0.00022 at a 1 month period with reference radius R = 1738 km. Lunar laser ranging (LLR) data analysis determines (C − A)/B and (B − A)/C, where A
Interplay between electronic topology and crystal symmetry: Dislocation-line modes in topological band-insulators
Creators: name: Slager, Robert-Jan
name: Mesaros, Andrej
name: Juricic, Vladimir
name: Zaanen, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We elucidate the general rule governing the response of dislocation lines in three-dimensional topological band insulators. According to this ${\bf K}\text{-}{\bf b}\text{-}{\bf t}$ rule, the lattice topology, represented by dislocation lines oriented in direction ${\bf t}$ with Burgers vector ${\bf b}$, combines with the electronic-band topology, characterized by the band-inversion momentum ${\bf K}_{\rm inv}$, to produce gapless propagating modes when the plane orthogonal to the dislocation line features a band inversion with a nontrivial ensuing flux $Φ={\bf K}_{\rm inv}\cdot {\bf b}\,\, ({\rm mod\,\,2π})$. Although it has already been discovered by Y. Ran {\it et al.}, Nature Phys. {\bf 5}, 298 (2009), that dislocation lines host propagating modes, the exact mechanism of their appearance in conjunction with the crystal symmetries of a topological state is provided by the ${\bf K}\text{-}{\bf b}\text{-}{\bf t}$ rule . Finally, we discuss possible experimentally consequential examples in which the modes are oblivious for the direction of propagation, such as the recently proposed topologically-insulating state in electron-doped BaBiO$_3$.
description: Main text + supplementary material, published version
Conformal mappings and first eigenvalue of Laplacian on surfaces
Creators: name: Chen, Bang-Yen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this note we give a simple relation between conformal mapping and the first eigenvalue of Laplacian for surfaces in Euclidean spaces.
description: 6 pages
The obstacle and Dirichlet problems associated with p-harmonic functions in unbounded sets in Rn and metric spaces
Creators: name: Hansevi, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 31E05, Secondary: 31C45, 35D30, 35J20, 35J25, 35J60, 47J20, 49J40, 49J52, 49Q20, 58J05, 58J32

description: We study the obstacle problem for unbounded sets in a proper metric measure space supporting a (p,p)-Poincare inequality. We prove that there exists a unique solution. We also prove that if the measure is doubling and the obstacle is continuous, then the solution is continuous, and moreover p-harmonic in the set where it does not touch the obstacle. This includes, as a special case, the solution of the Dirichlet problem for p-harmonic functions with Sobolev type boundary data.
description: 18 pages
Felidae Fischer de Waldheim 1817
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae

description: Family Felidae REVIEWED BY: G. E. Glass (GEG); C. P. Groves (CPG); N. A. Neff (NAN); J. RamirezPulido (JRP)(Mexico); I. Rieger (IR); O. L. Rossolimo (OLR)(U.S. S.R.); A. H. Shoemaker (AHS); H. J. Stains (HJS). COMMENT: The generic classification of this family is unstable; see Guggisberg, 1975, The Wild Cats of the World, 328 pp. Due to inconsistencies of the dates of publication for Schreber's names in the literature, we follow Sherborn, 1892, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1891: 587-592 (NAN). PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II except Felis catus. ISIS NUMBER: 5301412007000000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
A Long XMM-Newton Observation of An Extreme Narrow Line Seyfert 1: PG 1244+026
Creators: name: Jin, Chichuan
name: Done, Chris
name: Middleton, Matthew
name: Ward, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the origin of the strong soft X-ray excess in Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxies using spectral-timing information from a 120ks {\it XMM-Newton} observation of PG 1244+026. Spectral fitting alone cannot distinguish between a true additional soft X-ray continuum component and strongly relativistically smeared reflection, but both models also require a separate soft blackbody component. This is most likely intrinsic emission from the disc extending into the lowest energy X-ray bandpass. The {\it RMS} spectra on short timescales (200-5000s) contain both (non-disk) soft excess and power law emission. However, the spectrum of the variability on these timescales correlated with the 4-10 keV lightcurve contains only the power law. Together these show that there is fast variability of the soft excess which is independent of the 4-10 keV variability. This is inconsistent with a single reflection component making the soft X-ray excess as this necessarily produces correlated variability in the 4-10 keV bandpass. Instead, the {\it RMS} and covariance spectra are consistent with an additional cool Comptonisation component which does not contribute to the spectrum above 2 keV.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables, accepted by MNRAS
Timing of a Young Mildly Recycled Pulsar with a Massive White Dwarf Companion
Creators: name: Lazarus, P.
name: Tauris, T. M.
name: Knispel, B.
name: Freire, P. C. C.
name: Deneva, J. S.
name: Kaspi, V. M.
name: Allen, B.
name: Bogdanov, S.
name: Chatterjee, S.
name: Stairs, I. H.
name: Zhu, W. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on timing observations of the recently discovered binary pulsar PSR J1952+2630 using the Arecibo Observatory. The mildly recycled 20.7-ms pulsar is in a 9.4-hr orbit with a massive, M_WD > 0.93 M_sun, white dwarf (WD) companion. We present, for the first time, a phase-coherent timing solution, with precise spin, astrometric, and Keplerian orbital parameters. This shows that the characteristic age of PSR J1952+2630 is 77 Myr, younger by one order of magnitude than any other recycled pulsar-massive WD system. We derive an upper limit on the true age of the system of 50 Myr. We investigate the formation of PSR J1952+2630 using detailed modelling of the mass-transfer process from a naked helium star on to the neutron star following a common-envelope phase (Case BB Roche-lobe overflow). From our modelling of the progenitor system, we constrain the accretion efficiency of the neutron star, which suggests a value between 100 and 300% of the Eddington accretion limit. We present numerical models of the chemical structure of a possible oxygen-neon-magnesium WD companion. Furthermore, we calculate the past and the future spin evolution of PSR J1952+2630, until the system merges in about 3.4 Gyr due to gravitational wave emission. Although we detect no relativistic effects in our timing analysis we show that several such effects will become measurable with continued observations over the next 10 years; thus PSR J1952+2630 has potential as a testbed for gravitational theories.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, to be published in MNRAS
Low-rank approximation in the numerical modeling of the Farley-Buneman instability in ionospheric plasma
Creators: name: Dolgov, S. V.
name: Smirnov, A. P.
name: Tyrtyshnikov, E. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 65K10, 82B28, 65M22, 65M06, 65K10

description: We consider the numerical modeling of the Farley-Buneman instability development in the earth's ionosphere plasma. The ion behavior is governed by the kinetic Landau equation in the four-dimensional phase space, and since the finite difference discretization on a tensor product grid is used, this equation becomes the most computationally challenging part of the scheme. To relax the complexity and memory consumption, an adaptive model reduction using the low-rank separation of variables, namely the Tensor Train format, is employed. The approach was verified via the prototype MATLAB implementation. Numerical experiments demonstrate the possibility of efficient separation of space and velocity variables, resulting in the solution storage reduction by a factor of order tens.
Acinonyx Brookes 1828
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Acinonyx

description: Acinonyx Brookes, 1828. Cat. Anat. Zool. Mus. J. Brookes, Lond., p. 16, 33. COMMENT: Availability of Brookes catalogue names is uncertain (CPG). ISIS NUMBER: 5301412007003000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
On the Geometry of Surface Stress
Creators: name: Rossi, G. C.
name: Testa, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a fully general derivation of the Laplace--Young formula and discuss the interplay between the intrinsic surface geometry and the extrinsic one ensuing from the immersion of the surface in the ordinary euclidean three-dimensional space. We prove that the (reversible) work done in a general surface deformation can be expressed in terms of the surface stress tensor and the variation of the intrinsic surface metric.
Acinonyx jubatus
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Acinonyx
Acinonyx jubatus

description: Acinonyx jubatus (Schreber, 1776). Saugethiere, 3: pl. 105 (text 3:392, 1777). TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope. DISTRIBUTION: Steppe and savanna zones from Baluchistan through Iran and Turkmenia (U.S. S.R.) to N.E. Arabia; widespread in Africa except the Sahara; formerly India and Egypt. PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U.S. ESA - Endangered. ISIS NUMBER: 5301412007003001001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
Felis Linnaeus 1758
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Felis

description: Felis Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:41. REVIEWED BY: A. C. Ziegler (ACZ). COMMENT: Includes Herpailurus, Leopardus, Lynchailurus, Oreailurus, Pardofelis, Prionailurus, Profelis, and Puma , which are all considered valid genera by CPG; also includes Badiofelis, Chaus, Leptailurus, Mayailurus, and Otocolobus ; see Corbet and Hill, 1980:104, Corbet, 1978:180, and Hemmer, 1978, Carnivore, 1:71. Felis is in need of revision. The number and content of genera that should be recognized is in dispute; see Hemmer, 1978, Carnivore, 1:71, and Weigel, 1961, Saugetierk. Mitt., 9: 120. See also comments under Lynx and Panthera. ISIS NUMBER: 5301412007001000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
description: {"references": ["Corbet, G. B., and J. E. Hill. 1980. A world list of mammalian species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.", "Hemmer, H. 1978. The evolutionary systematics of living Felidae: Present status and current problems. Carnivore, 1 (1): 71 - 79.", "Weigel, I. 1961. Das Fellmuster der wildlebenden Katzenarten und der Hauskatze in Vergleichender und Stammesgeschicher Hinsicht. Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen, 9: 1 - 120."]}
Felis aurata Temminck 1827
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Felis
Felis aurata

description: Felis aurata Temminck, 1827. Monogr. Mamm., 1:120. TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra Leone. DISTRIBUTION: Gambia to Kenya, south to Angola, S. Zaire, and Burundi. COMMENT: Type locality is uncertain; see Gray, 1838, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, 1:27, for the Sierra Leone information (IR); and Van Mensch and Van Bree, 1969, Biologia Gabon., 4:236-269, for "probably between Cross River and River Congo" which was given in a review of the species (CPG). PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae. ISIS NUMBER: 5301412007001001001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 278, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
description: {"references": ["Van Mensch, P. J. A., and P. J. H. van Bree. 1969. On the African Golden Cat, Profelis aurata (Temminck, 1827). Biologia Gabonica, 5 (4): 235 - 269."]}
Backreaction of a massless minimally coupled scalar field from inflationary quantum fluctuations
Creators: name: Glavan, Drazen
name: Prokopec, Tomislav
name: Prymidis, Vasileios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study a massless, minimally coupled scalar field in a FLRW spacetime with periods of different constant deceleration parameter. We assume the Bunch-Davies vacuum during inflation and then use a sudden matching approximation to match it onto radiation era and subsequently onto matter era. We then proceed to calculate the one-loop energy-momentum tensor from the inflationary quantum vacuum fluctuations in different eras. The energy-momentum tensor has the form of an ideal (quantum) fluid, characterized by an equation of state. When compared with the background, far away from the matching the quantum energy density in radiation era exhibits a contribution that grows logarithmically with the scale factor. In matter era the ratio of the quantum to classical fluid settles eventually to a tiny constant, (rho_q) / (rho) = 10^(-13) for a grand unified scale inflation. Curiously, the late time scaling of quantum fluctuations suggests that they contribute a little to the dark matter of the Universe, provided that it clusters as cold dark matter, which needs to be checked.
Phases of information release during black hole evaporation
Creators: name: Brustein, Ram
name: Medved, A. J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent article, we have shown how quantum fluctuations of the background geometry modify Hawking's density matrix for black hole (BH) radiation. Hawking's diagonal matrix picks up small off-diagonal elements whose influence becomes larger with the number of emitted particles. We have calculated the "time-of-first-bit", when the first bit of information comes out of the BH, and the "transparency time", when the rate of information release becomes order unity. We have found that the transparency time is equal to the "Page time", when the BH has lost half of its initial entropy to the radiation, in agreement with Page's results. Here, we improve our previous calculation by keeping track of the time of emission of the Hawking particles and their back-reaction on the BH. Our analysis reveals a new time scale, the radiation "coherence time", which is equal to the geometric mean of the evaporation time and the light crossing time. We find, as for our previous treatment, that the time-of-first-bit is equal to the coherence time, which is much shorter than the Page time. But the transparency time is now much later than the Page time, just one coherence time before the end of evaporation. Close to the end, when the BH is parametrically of Planckian dimensions but still large, the coherence time becomes parametrically equal to the evaporation time, thus allowing the radiation to purify. We also determine the time dependence of the entanglement entropy of the early and late-emitted radiation. This entropy is small during most of the lifetime of the BH, but our qualitative analysis suggests that it becomes parametrically maximal near the end of evaporation.
description: 51 pages, 1 figure
A New Method for Measuring Coherent Elastic Neutrino Nucleus Scattering at an Off-Axis High-Energy Neutrino Beam Target
Creators: name: Brice, S. J.
name: Cooper, R. L.
name: DeJongh, F.
name: Empl, A.
name: Garrison, L. M.
name: Hime, A.
name: Hungerford, E.
name: Kobilarcik, T.
name: Loer, B.
name: Mariani, C.
name: Mocko, M.
name: Muhrer, G.
name: Pattie, R.
name: Pavlovic, Z.
name: Ramberg, E.
name: Scholberg, K.
name: Tayloe, R.
name: Thornton, R. T.
name: Yoo, J.
name: Young, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new experimental method for measuring the process of Coherent Elastic Neutrino Nucleus Scattering (CENNS). This method uses a detector situated transverse to a high energy neutrino beam production target. This detector would be sensitive to the low energy neutrinos arising from pion decays-at-rest in the target. We discuss the physics motivation for making this measurement and outline the predicted backgrounds and sensitivities using this approach. We report a measurement of neutron backgrounds as found in an off-axis surface location of the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) target. The results indicate that the Fermilab BNB target is a favorable location for a CENNS experiment.
Direct laser writing of three dimensional network structures as templates for disordered photonic materials
Creators: name: Haberku, Jakub
name: Muller, Nicolas
name: Scheffold, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present article we substantially expand on our recent study about the fabrication of mesoscale polymeric templates of disordered photonic network materials. We present a detailed analysis and discussion of important technical aspects related to the fabrication and characterization of these fascinating materials. Compared to our initial report we were able to reduce the typical structural length scale of the seed pattern from $a=3.3μm$ to $a=2μm$, bringing it closer to the technologically relevant fiber-optic communications wavelength range around $λ\sim 1.5 μm$. We have employed scanning electron microscopy coupled with focused ion beam cutting to look inside the bulk of the samples of different height. Moreover we demonstrate the use of laser scanning confocal microscopy to assess the real space structure of the samples fabricated by direct laser writing. We address in detail question about scalability, finite size effects and geometrical distortions. We also study the effect of the lithographic voxel shape, that is the ellipsoidal shape of the laser pen used in the fabrication process. To this end we employ detailed numerical modelling of the scattering function using a discrete dipole approximation scheme.
description: accepted for publication in Physical Review A (regular article)
Felis badia Gray 1874
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Felis
Felis badia

description: Felis badia Gray, 1874. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874:322. TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Sarawak. DISTRIBUTION: Borneo. COMMENT: Closely related to and perhaps conspecific with temmincki (CPG). PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae. ISIS NUMBER: 5301412007001002001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 278, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
Hyla burgeri Temminck & Schlegel 1838
Creators: name: Miracle, Eulàlia Gassó
name: Van, Lars W.
name: Ostende, Den Hoek
name: Arntzen, Jan Willem
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Hylidae
Hyla
Hyla burgeri

description: Hyla bürgeri Temminck & Schlegel, 1838
 Temminck & Schlegel, 1838. Fauna Japonica, 3: 113; pl. 3, figs. 7, 8. Current name: Buergeria buergeri (Temminck & Schlegel, 1838)
Syntypes: RMNH 1692, 2 spec. Loc.: “ Japon ”. Leg.: H. Bürger.
description: Published as part of Miracle, Eulàlia Gassó, Van, Lars W., Ostende, Den Hoek & Arntzen, Jan Willem, 2007, Type specimens of amphibians in the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 25-68 in Zootaxa 1482 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176896
How Teaching Matters
Creators: name: Silverstein, Samuel C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Science--Study and teaching (Secondary)--Evaluation
Science teachers--Training of
Teacher effectiveness
Educational tests and measurements
Middle school education
Science--Study and teaching

description: Silverstein writes a letter to the editor of CBE Life Science Education in response to Harold Wenglinsky's paper “How Teaching Matters: Bringing the Classroom Back into Discussions of Teacher Quality” (www.ets.org/research/pic) which analyzes how the attributes and classroom practices of teachers affect the performance of eighth-grade students on standardized tests in science. Wenglinsky identified teacher attributes and practices that are highly correlated with superior student achievement. Two of the four attributes and practices identified by Wenglinsky (i.e., teacher laboratory skills and implementation of hands-on classroom exercises) are the central focus of Columbia University's Summer Research Program for Science Teachers (www.scienceteacherprogram.org) and of other Science Work Experience Programs for Teachers. Data to be published elsewhere show that teacher participation in Columbia's program has a very positive impact on their students' success in passing a New York State Regents exam in science. Confirmation of Wenglinsky's postulates could greatly simplify the task of improving middle and high school science education. For this reason alone, it is important to test Wenglinsky's conclusions rigorously and soon.